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"The Best Afternoon Paper in
the World"
"The Daily News is a Chicago institution and one
of which the community, its editor and its employes may
well feel proud. A London editor once told me that
The Chicago Daily News is by far the best afternoon
paper in the world.
"It is more than a purely Chicago institution. It has
by example been a great force for good American journal-
ism. It stands and has always stood for the best in our
profession, resisting pure sensationalism, ever clean and
wholesome, preferring sanity to hysteria and decency to
ephemerally profitable smut.
"Honesty and cleanliness have not proved unprofit-
able. Its circulation figures are the envy of its com-
petitors, while the joy of the advertising manager is
often tempered by the sorrow that comes from having
to leave out columns of announcements for which no
room can be found in a thirty-four page paper.
"It does not distort news; neither does it know fear
or favor when the public is entitled to information no
matter how unpleasant the publication may be to those
in high or powerful position. It honestly carries out its
implied contract with the readers to render daily a full
and unbiased record of all world happenings that a decent
paper may present to clean-minded readers."
From a speech delivered in London, England, by James
Keeley, for many years editor of the Chicago Tribune and later
publisher of the Chicago Herald.
[THIRTY-SIXTH YEAR]
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS
ALMANAC
AND YEAR-BOOK
FOR
1920
EDITED BY JAMES LANGLAND, M. A.
ISSUED BY
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPANY
(Copyright, 1919. by The Chicago Daily News Company.]
INDEX— 1920.
No better idea of (the contents of the 1920
edition of The Daily News Almanac and Year-
Book can be obtained than by glancing: over
the appended index. It will be found that
while much space has been given to the work
of the Paris peace conference and the conten-
tion in the United States senate over the
league of nations, statistical >and other infor-
mation on a worldwide range of subjects has
been given as fully as heretofore.
Abbreviations, Titles. De-
grees 129
Abstracts, Torrens System.974
Abyssinia. Government of.788
Accessions. U. S 213
Accidents 469
Accidents. Miscellaneous ..470
Accidents. Public Utility.. 174
Accidents on Railroads.... 117
Aces. Aviation 633
Actors' Strike 752
Administrative Code, 111..
Amended 810
Administrator, Public. Cook
County 869
Admissions. Dues, Tax on. 67
Aerial Flight. First Non-
stop Transatlantic Ill
Aerial Flight. First Trans-
atlantic 107
Aerial Navigation. German
Treaty on 606
A. E. F. Ass'n. Thirty-
Third Division 807
Afghanistan. Gov't of. .787
Agricultural Exports . .190
Agricultural 'Increase .192
Agricultural Statistics.181-191
Agriculture, Dept. of
Agriculture Dept.. 111.
.387
.832
Air Clauses in German
Treaty 579
Airplane Flight, Chicago-
New York 790
Airplane Race. Transcon-
tinental 548
Airplane Records 459
Airship. Long Voyage 865
Alabama. Population 304
Alabama. State Officers.... 305
Alabama. Vote of 304
Alaska 791
Alaska. Population.... 197. 211
Alaskan Railroads 760
Alaskan Seal Census 375
Albania. Government of... 782
Aldermen. Board of 881
Aldermen. Four Year Term,
Vote on 860
Aldermen. Nonpartisan.
Vote on 860
Aldermen, Primary Vote
for 846
Aldermen. Vote for 858
Alexander, J. W., Made Sec-
retary of Commerce 750
Algeria. Government of.... 788
Alien Property Custodian.. 388
Allied Commissions, Aus-
tria 638
Alsace - Lorraine. German
Treaty on 560
Altitudes. American Cities. 223
Altitudes. Continental ....130
Amendments to German
Treaty. Senate 712
American Bible Society.... 352
American Defense Society. 767
American Expeditionary
Force, Organization 479
Am. Federation of Labor.. 468
American Hall of Fame... 137
American Legion 767
Am. Legion. 111. Chapter... 869
American Library Ass'n... 358
Am. Sunday School Union.352
American Tract Society.... 352
Am. Treaty with France... 679
American Troops in Berlin.727
Anarchistic Bomb Plots.... 741
Animal Industry, Supt. of,
Illinois 832
Annapolis Academy 494
Anniversaries. Wedding ..124
Annuity. Tables 127
Antarctic Exploration 751
Antiquities. American ....247
Antitrust Law, Sherman... 113
Appeals. Circuit Court of.
Chicago 876
Appeals, Circuit Courts of 389
Appeals. Court of Customs. 389
Appellate Court. 1st Dist.,876
Apple Crop 186
Apportionment, Congress.. 403
Appraiser's Office. Chicago. 886
Appropriations. Army,
Navy 760
Appropriations. Chicago ..889
Appropriations. Cook Co... 871
Arbitral Tribunal, Aus-
trian Treaty on 663
Arbitral Tribunal, German
Treaty on 603
Archbishops 346
Architect. City. Chicago.... 886
Architect, Cook County 868
Architect. Supervising. HI. 833
Arctic Exploration 751
Area Illinois Cities 838
Area Large Cities 223
Area of U. S. in Sq. Miles.213
Argentine Rep.. Gov't of .789
Arizona. Population 305
Arizona. State Officers . .305
Arizona. Vote of 305
Arkansas, Population ... .305
Arkansas. State Officers .306
Arkansas. Vote of 305
Armament, Fighting Ships. 497
Armies and Navies, World. 743
Armistice Day Observed... 681
Army Appropriation Act... 760
Army, Austrian, Treaty
on 635
Army. Authorized Strength.476
Army, Commissioned Per-
sonnel 759
Army Decoration, French.. 624
Army. Demobilization 528
Army Divisions. Nick-
names. Insignia 490
Army. General Officers ....475
Army. German. Treaty on. 574
Army, Insignia 488
Army and Navy Union.... 764
Army Nurses. Civil War... 763
Army of Occupation 536
Army. Officers' Insignia ...483
Army. Organization 480
Army Pay Table 491
Army Posts 476
Army. Rank of Officers 484
Army. Sources 503
Army. Strength 531
Army, Supply Service 508
Army. U. S 475
Army. U. S.. Central Dept.869
Army. U. S.. in World War.502
Arsenals. U. S 411
Art Advisers. Board, 111... 833
Art Galleries. World 375
Art Institute 876
Artists. Art Clubs, Chicago.839
Assembly, Illinois 840
Assessment, Illinois 736
Assessors, Board of. Cook
County 868
Assessment. Chicago 984
Assessments. Cook County. 986
Associated Press, The 744
Associations, General 3-67
Astor, Lady, in British Par-
liament 748
Astronomical Soc.. Chicago. 924
Asylums, Chicago 945
Athletics 454
Atlantic Ocean. First Cross-
ings 112
Atlantic Voyages. Fast 35
Attorney, City. Chicago.... 882
Attorney. Prosecuting, Chi-
cago 882
Attorney. U. S. Dist.. Chi-
cago 886
Attorneys. U. S. District... 391
Audubon Society, 111 924
Aurora. Population 638
Australia. Government of. 781
Austria. Frontiers of 626
Austria, German Treaty on.564
Austria. Government of.... 782
Austria, Treaty of Peace
with 625
Automobiles. Manufacture. 236
Automobile-Train Collisions.470
Aviation Aces 535
Aviation Losses in War.... 536
Aviators. Chicago, Killed.. 877
Balloon Disaster, Chicago.. 950
Balloon Race, Army-Navy.. 792
Baltic Provinces in 1919... 719
Bank. Chicago, Deposits,
Loans 900
Bank Clearings, Chicago... 900
Bank Deposits 159
Bank. Federal Reserve. Chi-
cago 894
Bank Notes 158
Bank Statistics 159
Banking Power. U. 8 160
Banking Statistics 158
IU
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK: FOR
Banks, Federal Land ....... 159
Banks, Federal Reserve ---- Io9
Banks, Larg-est Capital ..... 158
Banks, Mutual Savings ---- Io9
Banks, National ........... 158
Banks, Savings, Foreign... lol
Banks, Savings, Statistics.. 159
Banks, Stock Savings ...... 158
Baptist Church .............. 348
Bar Association. Chicago.. 924
Barley Crop, by Countries. 18
Barley Crop, by States ---- 183
Barley Crop, by Years.. ..187
• Barley, Trade in ............ liH)
' Baseball Season (1919). ..420
' Baseball, World's Series... 424
Basket Ball ................ 461
1 •" Bathing Beaches, Chicago.. 932
r Battle Ships, U. S .......... 497
V Bavaria, Events in .... ..... 727
\ Bean Crop, by Countries. ..183
Bean Crop, by States ....... 186
Beef Packing Statistics ---- 928
Beet Sugar Production.
United States ............. 188
Belgium, Ambassador to — 759
Belgium, Austrian Treaty
on .......................... 6d/3
Belgium. German Treaty
on .......................... 555
Belgium. Government of. .782
Belgium. King of. in U. S.74o
Belgian Kongo ... ..... VRQ?RR
Benevolent Societies. . .359-365
Ben-Hur, Tribe of ......... 36
Bequests (1919) .......... 474
Bequests. Education. ...... .239
Berger. V. L.. Excluded
from Congress ......... :..76
Berlin American Troops m.727
Beverages. Tax on.., ....... 59
Bible Society. American... 352
Billiards .................... 4f>3
Bills. Failed of Passage.... 84
Birth. Infant Mortality,
Rates ..................... 142
Birth Rates. American ..... 232
Bishops. Episcopal •••••••••348
Bishops, Methodist ...347,348
Bishops, Roman Catholic... 346
Blacklists .......... 82
Blind, in Other Countries.218
Blind Population, U. S....218
Blind. Visitation of, HI.... 833
Bloomington. 111., Popula-
tion ........................ "**&
Board of Education. Chi-
cago ....................... a\t i
Board of Trade, Chicago.. 915
Boiler Inspection Dept., Chi-
C3.2TO ...•...•••••••••••••8ol
Bokhara'/Government of. ..787
Bolivia. Government of ..... 78
Bombardment of Paris ---- 538
Bonds, Tax-Free vs. Tax-
able ................. • ...... 744
Bonds. Vote on, ChiC|g_c^ ^
Boston" Police' Strike.'. ....'. .753
Boulevards. Chicago ....... 92
Boundaries of Austria ..... 626
Boundaries of Germany.
New ........................ 554
Bowling .................... 4oO
Boycotts, Blacklists, Illinois
Law Against ............. 820
Brazil, Government of.
Buckwheat Crop, by
States 184
Buckwheat Crop, by Years. .187
Building- Advisers, Board,
Illinois 833
Building1 Dept., Chicago.. .884
Building, Loan Ass'ns... .160
Building Statistics, Chi. .879
Buildings, Dept. of. 111. .833
Buildings, Notable, Chi. .922
Buildings, Notable, N. Y. .924
Bulgaria, Austrian Treaty
on 633
Bulgaria, German Treaty
on 573
Bulgaria, Government of.. 782
Bulgarian Treaty of Peace. 71 8
Bullion Value of Silver... 157
Bushel Weights 123
Butter, Trade in 190
Bridge System. Chicago
Bridges. Closed Hours on
British Foreign Trad*
British Guards, Record..
.789
.879
.750
163
..52
, .
British Treaty with France 680
Broom Corn Crop (1918). .186
Broom Corn Crop, by
States ..................... 186
Cabbage Crop 186
Cabinet. Presidential 383
Cabinets of Presidents 404
Cable Ocean, Statistics
United States 167
Cables Surrendered by \
Germany 588
Cables. World 175
Calendar, Church, for 1920 15
Calendar. Ready Reference. 24
Calendars (1921-1924) 23
Calendars, Various 16
California, Population..
California. State Officers.
California. Vote of.
.306
.307
.306
.505
.780
.613
Camps and Cantonments.
Canada, Government of.
Canal. Kiel. Ger. Treaty.
Canal. Panama 116
Canal. Sault Ste Marie 117
Canals. Ship 117
Cane Sugar. Louisiana 188
Canoeing 460
Canvassing Board. HI 835
Capital Punishm't in U. S.115
Capitol in Washington 83
Capitols of States 774
Cardinals. College of 346
Carnegie, Andrew, death
of 114
Carpenters' Strike 753
Casualties, Am., in War.... 537
Catholic Church. Statistics 346
Cattle on Farms 189
Cavell. Edith. Buried 462
Cemeteries, Chicago 921
Cemeteries. Soldiers', in
Europe 487
Census Bureau, Work 748
Census. Fourteenth 99
Census. School, Chicago 919
Census, U. S., 1910 and
1900 197
Centenarians in U. S 419
Centennial Building1 Com-
mission, Illinois 834
Chadsey. C. E.. Resigns 750
Chamber of Commerce of
U. S. A 149
Character. Committees on.
Illinois 832
Charitable Institutions, 111.833
Charities. United 751
Charity Organizations, Chi-
cago 966
Chart of the Heavens 25
Cheese. Trade in 190
Chevrons, Service' 487
Chicago. Distances 994
Chicago Improvements 895
Chicago, Fifty Wards 821
Chicago at a Glance 944
Chicago, Growth in Area
940, 941
Chicago Officials 880,881
Chicago Plan Commission.. 895
Chicago, Points of Interest. 894
Chicago, Progress of 802
Chicago Soldiers Decorated.728
Chicago Tribune-Ford Libel
Case 303
Chicago Troops in War 733
Chicago Univ. Library 926
Chicago Weather 901
Chicago's Welcome to War
Veterans 804
Children. Height and Wt..l80
Children's Science Library.928
Chile, Government of 789
China. Austrian Treaty on.634
China. German Treaty on.. 572
China, Government of 787
Christian Science Church.. 351
Chronological Cycles 15
Chronology Recent Wars. .547
Chronology, World War
539-547
Church Calendar for 1920. 15
Church Federation, Chi 886
Church Membership ..353-355
Church Statistics 346-358
Churches, Church Property.358
Churches, by Denomi-
nations 355-357
Cigars. Tax on 65
Circuit Clerks, HI 836
Circuit Court of Appeals.. 389
Circuit Court. Cook Co 875
Circuit Court Judge. Vote
for 860
Circuit Court Judges. U. S.389
Circulation, The Daily
News 996
Cities. Area of Large 223
Cities. Distances Between. .229
Cities. Elevation of 223
Cities. Fastest Growth ....223
Cities. 111.. Area, Pop 838
Cities. Largest. World 226
Cities Over 10.000 Inhab-
itants 224-226
Cities. Rank of Largest.... 228
City Attorneys. Chicago ..937
City Clerks. Chicago 939>
City Clerk's Office. Chicago. 882
City Collector, Chicago 882
City Comptroller. Chicago. 882
City Council, Chicago 881
City Employes, Chicago.
Number 805
City Engineer's Office, Chi-
cago 883
City Officials. Chicago. 880. 881
City Treasurer's Office, Chi-
cago 882
Citizenship of Foreign Born.203
Citizenship. U. S 407
Civil Service. Chicago 886
Civil Service Commission,
Cook County 868
Civil Service Com., U. S .388
Civil Service. Illinois ... .834
Civil Service, Statistics .381
Civil Service. U. S 381
Claims. Hlinois Court of
.832
.389
Claims. U. S. Court.
Clearing House Ass'n, Chi.. 900
Clemenceau, Attempt to As-
sassinate 112
Clerk. City. Vote for 857
Climatology. U. S 775
Clover Seed Crop, by
States 186
Clubs and Clubhouses, Chi-
cago 948
Coal Mines. Accidents in.. 174
823 I 66
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Coal Production, by States.172
Coal Production, by Years.172
Coal. Use Restricted 750
Coast Guard. United States.748
Coast Line ol U. S 32
Code, 111.. Administrative.
Amended 810
Coffee Consumed 235
Coffee. Trade in 190
Coinage, by Nations 3 08
Coinage. United States 157
Coinage. World ...157
Coins. Foreign. Value in
United States 120
Coins. United States 162
Coldest Days. Chicago 901
Collector. City. Chicago 882
Collector. Custom House.
Chicago °°6
Colleges. American ....240-246
Colombia. Government of. 78
Colonial Wars. Society 760
Colonies. 'German Treaty
on 571
Colonies. United States.... 791
Colorado. Population 307
Colorado. State Officers ....308
Colorado. Vote of 307
Columbus. Knights of. ....361
Columbus. Knights of. War
Work 531
Commerce. Austrian Treaty
on 6o2
Commerce. Chicago Asso-
ciation of 751
Commerce. Department of .000
Commerce Department. 111.834
Commerce. Dept.. Chicago.. 886
Commerce in German
Treaty ......591
Commerce. Interstate, Com-
mission 387
Commerce. U. S. Chamber
of 149
Commission Gov't in Uru-
guay 724
Commissioners. Cook Co.. 867
Commissions of Control.
Allied 579
Commissions, Allied. Aus-
trian Treaty on 638
Committees. House Repre-
sentatives 398
Committees. U. S. Senate... 397
Communist Party. National
Committee 796
Community Buildings. Illi-
nois Law 820
Community Centers. Chi-
cago 803
Compensation. Bureau of,
Chicago 884
Compensations, Austrian
Treaty 641
Comptroller. City. Chicago.882
Comptroller's Office. Cook
County 867
Conciliation, Mediation,
Federal Board 388
Confederacy. Daughters of. 764
Confederate Veterans 764
Conference, Labor. Aus-
trian Treaty 673
Congregational Churches. ..350
Congress. 65th, Work of... 84
Congress. 66th 393
Congress. 66th. Work of. .756
Connecticut. Population ...308
Connecticut. State Officers. 308
Connecticut. Vote of 308
Conquest Df Mesopotamia.. 624
Conservation. Board. 111.... 834
Constitvtion. Prohibition
>Am«ndm°nt 417
Constitution of U. S 369
Constitutional Convention.
Illinois 815
Constitutional Convention.
Illinois. Delegates 861
Consular Service. U. S 400
Consulates in Chicago 901
Contents Previous Issues... 998
Contracts, Austrian Treaty
on 660
Contracts, German Treaty
on 600
Conventions. National ....794
Cook County Civil Service. 868
Cook County Committees... 809
Cook County Courts ?75
Cook County Finances 872
ook County Officials. 866, 867
Cook County Teachers'
Association 935
Copyright Laws. U. S 150
Corn Crop, by Countries.. 182
Corn Crop, by States 183
Corn Crop, by Years 187
Corn. Trade in 190
Coroner's Office. Cook Co. .869
Corporation Counsel. Chi-
cago 882
Corporation Taxes 44
Corps Insignia 488
Corpus Christi. Storm at.. 742
Correction, House of. Chi-
cago 885
Cost of Living 143
Costa Rica. Goverment of ..789
Cotton Crop, by Countries. 182
Cotton Crop, by States 186
rotton Cron, by Years ....187
Cotton Seed Oil. Trade in.. 190
Cotton Statistics. U. S 188
Cotton, Trade in 190
Council. Chicago City 881
Council, Chicago City,
Politics of 802
Council of Defense. Illinois.807
County Clerk. Cook 867
County Clerks. Ill 836
County (Cook) Agent's Of-
fice 868
County (Cook) Clerk's
Office 867
County (Cook) Courts,
Directory 869
County (Cook) Depart-
ments. Directory 869
County (Cook) Institu-
tions 868
County (Cook) Offi-
cials 866. 867
County (Cook) Officials,
Salaries 870
County Court, Cook 875
County Hospital, Cook ...868
County Officers. Illinois 836
County Treasurers, 111.... 837
Court, Juvenile, Cook Co. .875
Court-Martial Sentences.... 96
Court. United States Cir-
cuit. Chicago 876
Court. United States Dis-
trict. Chicago 876
Court. U. S. Supreme 389
Courts. Cook County 875
Covenant, League of Peace. 550
Cows. Milch, on Far^is 1^0
Cranberry Crop by Ststes.lPfl
Orerar Library, th? John.. 927
Criminal Court. Cook
Conntv 875
Criminolotdst. Ill 833
Croat-Slovene State. Aus-
trian Treaty on fi°Q
0-op VMne by Years 187
C~or> Values. Rank of
States J»fl
Crops (1919) 191
Crops (1918) by States..
......; 183-186
Crops. Misc. (1918) 186
Crops on Irrigated Farms.. 114
Crops. U. S. (1909) 193
Cuba. Government of 790
Custodian. Alien Property. 388
Custodian. Cook County
Building 869
Custom House. Chicago — 886
Customs Appeals, Court 389
Czecho-Slovakia. Austrian
Treaty on 630
Czecho-Slovakia, German
Treaty on 564
Czecho-Slovakia, Gov't of. 782
Dairies. Supt. of. 111 832
TVAnnunzio and Fiume 724
Danube. Austrian Treaty
on 668
P-n^lle, 111.. Population.. .839
Danzig. City of. German
Trtaiy on 568
Dates, Recent Historical... 466
Daughters of American
Revolution 765
Daughters of Confederacy. 764
Daughters of G A. R 763
Daughters of St. George. ..362
Daughters of Veterans ....763
Dawes, C. G., Citation 728
Daylight Saving- Law Re-
pealed 759
Dead in War, Total 537
Deaf and Dumb in U. S...218
Death Rates. American.... 232
Death Rates in Cities 231
D?ath Rates, Foreign 232
Death Roll (1919) 470
Death Roll, Chicago's 952
Deaths, by Accident 469
Deaths, by Age 231
T^ea^s. by Causes 231
Deaths, by Color. Nativity .232
^paths. Noted 770
Debs. E. V 266
Debts. Austrian Treaty on. 655
Debts, German Treaty on.. 595
Debts. National 164
D-c-tur. 111.. Population... 839
Declaration of Independ-
ence 374
Decorations to Chicago Sol-
di-rs 728
Decorations, Medals, for
Valor 484
Decorations, Naval 95
Defective Paupers 215
Defense Society. American. 767
Degrees. Abbreviations ....129
Delaware. Population 308
Delaware, State Officers. ..308
Delaware. Vote of 308
Delinquents, Juvenile 219
Demobilization of Army... 528
Democratic National Com.795
Democratic Platform 797
Denmark, Government of.. 783
Deposits. Chicago Bank.... 900
Diamonds. Most Famous.. 129
Diamonds. Weight of 129
Diplomatic Service, U. S...399
n-ie-iM? Balloon Disaster. 950
TMrig-ible Crosses Atlantic.. 110
Di~if=riHe Destroyed by
Lightning 801
T^-«t— s Marine 469
Disasters. Mine 470
Disasters. Mining 465
TVsnstfrs to Shinning 410
rUsn^nsaripq in Chi>"ero.. ..9<6
r>'stnne°s "R^twepii Cities... 229
Distances Between Seaports.229
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Distances in Chicago 994
Distinguished Service Med-
als 489
District Attorneys, U. S..391
District Court, U. S.. at
Chicag-o 876
District Courts, Judges 390
Division Table 124
Divisional Insignia 488
Divorce, Causes for, by
States 236
Divorce Statistics. U. S....233
Dog- Racing 462
Dominican Republic, Gov-
ernment of 790
Drago Doctrine 113
Dry Dock. Largest U. S....160
Dry or Wet Chicago. Vote 859
Dumb and Deaf in U. S....218
Duties. Customs, U. S 132
Duties on Imports 254
Dwellings, Families in
United States 214
Eagles. Order of 362
Earthquakes 154
East Prussia, German
Treaty on 567
East St. Louis. Population. 839
Easter Sunday Dates 119
Eastern Star 360
Eclipses in 1920 1 30
Economic Clauses in Aus-
trian Treaty 652
Economic Clauses in Ger-
man Treaty 591
Economic Society, Western. 924
Ecuador. Government of... 789
Education. Board of. Chi-
cago 907
Education Board. General.. 748
Education. Dept. of. Ill 834
Education. Gifts, Bequests. 239
Education. Statistics Unit-
ed States 237.238
Education. Vocational 388
Education. Vocational. Illi-
nois Law 817
Efficiency, U. S. Bureau... 388
Egypt. Austrian Treaty on.(;.*U
Egypt, Disturbances in 724
Egypt, German Treaty on. 571
Egypt. Government of 788
Elbe,. German Treaty on... 608
Election Calendar, Chicago. 7°6
Election Calendar. General. 800
Election Commissioners,
Chicago 886
Election Laws Commission
Illinois .'835
Election. Primary, Chi 84'!
Election Returns 304
Election Returns, Chi-
cago 847
Election Returns, Cook Co' 860
Election Returns. Illinois. .'861
Electoral College . .412
Electoral Districts. Ill '84^
Electoral Vote by States.. 382
Electrical Units Defined... 12"
Electricity Dept.. City... .884
Elevation of Chicago 980
Elevation of Cities...
Elevated Railroad Stations.749
Elgin, 111.. Population 839
Elks. Order of 361
Embassies. Foreign in
United States ,...402
Ember Days 15
Employes. Chicago. Num-
ber 805
Employment Offices. Ill 833
Engineer, U. S.. Chicago. ..886
Engineers, Board Super-
vising 883
Engineers' Library. Chi-
cago 928
Engineers. Western Society. 924
English Language in Illi-
nois Schools 818
Enlistments. Vo.untary ... 96
Epidemic. "Flu" (191SK..377
Episcopal Church 348
Epworth League 347
Equalization. Illinois State
Board 832
Equalization by Tax Com-
mission, Illinois 813
Equinox, Vernal 27
Eras of Time 15
Eruptions, Earthquakes. . . .154
Estate Tax 55
Esthonia. Government of.. 783
European Gifts to Wilson.. 302
European. Populations, Re-
lief of 96
Evanston Public Library. .927
Events of 1919 469
Events, Recent Historic il.. 466
Examiners. Boards of. Chi-
cago 884
Excess Profits Receipts ....261
Excess Profits Tax 50
Excise Taxes 68
Executions in Cook Co 805
Executive Department 384
Expenditures. National 164
Exports, Agricultural 190
Exports, by Continents ....256
Exports, by Countries 2;~5
Exports, Chicago 972
Exports. Gold. Silver 254
Exports of Merchandise... 2"0
Exports, Summary 252
Exports, Value' of 25 J
Failures in United States.. 796
Fair. State. Manager. 111.. 833
Fame. American Hall of.. 137
Families in United States.. 214
Family Altar League 352
Farm Animals and Prices.. 189
Farm Animals. Value 189
Farm Census, United States.192
Farm Crops, "Value 187
Farm Firewood Crop 137
Farm Land, Value 191
Farm Products, Value, by
Years ..193
Farm Value of Crops,
Average 187
Farm Wages 19n
Farmers, by Classes 193
Farmers, by States 192
Farmers' Institute, 111 835
Farmeo-s* Purchases (191 8) .194
Farms. Crops on Irrigated. 114
Federal Council. Churches.
351. 358
Federal Judiciary 389
Federal Reserve Act
Amended 106
Federal Reserve Bank, Chi-
cago 894
Federal Reserve Bank Dis-
tricts 774
Federal Reserve Banks 159
Federal Trade Commission. 3F8
Federation of Labor. Am. .468
Federation of Labor, Chi-
cago 903
Feeble-Minded in Institu-
tions 218
Fencing 462
Fergus Falls, Tornado at.. 7
Field Museum 966
Field Museum Library 927
Fifty Wards, Vote on 860
Finance Department, 111... 832
Finances. Austrian Treaty
on 646
Finances, Chicago 891
Finances, Cook County. ...872
Finances. Fire Department,
Chicago 905
Finances in German
Treaty 589
Finances, School. Chicago. 913
Financial Statement, U. S..463
Financial Statistics 155
Finland, Government of... 783
Fire Department. Chicago. 885
Fire Department Chiefs.
Chicago 906
Fire Department Stations.
Chicago 906
Fire Losses 469
Fire Prevention Bureau,
Chicago 886
Fire Statistics. Chicago... 905
Firemen, Veteran 751
Fires. Theater 248
Firewood Crop. Farm 137
Fish and Game Warden. 111.833
Fium°, D'Annunzio and... 724
Flag Display Days, Chi-
cag j 994
Flag of United States 106
Flags, Weather 118
Flagsk When and How to
Use 178
Flaxseed Crop, by Coun-
tries 182
Flaxseed Crop, by States. 184
Fleets. Stations, U. S 496
Floods 469
V'o-;da. Popu!9fl'on 308
Florida. State Officers 309
Florida. Vote of 308
Flower Symbols of Months.. 131
Flowers. State 131
Fly and Bait Casting 454
Foods. Supt. of. Ill 832
Football (1919) 436
Ford-Tribune Libel Case... 303
Foreign Birth, Infant Mor-
tality 142
Foreign Born, Citizenship
Foreign 'Born* inVa'ne .*.'. . . . ! .217
Foreign Born Paupers 215
Foreign Born Population
Foreign 'cities,' 'Death '
Rates 232
Foreign Countries, Death
Rates 232
Foreign Governments 780
Foreign Orders for Chica-
g-oans 980
Foreign Standards of Time 35
Foreign Trade. British 163
Foreign Wars. Order of 765
Foreman. M. J., Citation. .728
Forest Preserve, Cook Co.879
Forest Preserves. Map 878
Foresters, Independent Or-
der 36
Foresters. United Order of. 360
Fort. J. F.. Resigns 750
Fortifications. Austrian
Treaty on 636
Fortifications, German,
Treaty on 576
Fnurragere. French Army. 624.
"Fourteen Points." Wil-
son's 68S
France. Government of — 783
France. Treaty with Brit-
ain -680
France. Treaty with United
States 679
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Fraternal Congress of
America 363
Fraternal Societies 359-365
Free Employment Offices,
lUinois 833
Free Zones in Ports. Ger-
man Treaty on 607
French Academy. Members.769
Frick. Henry Clay. Death
Of 750
Frontiers oi Austria 620
Game and Fish Warden.
Illinois 833
Garnishment Law, Illinois. 994
Garrett Biblical Institute
Library 92
Gary Law Library 927
Gas and Electricity De-
partment. Chicago 884
Gases. Poison . ...611
Gateway Amendment. Vote
QJ» 8o2
Gem Symbols of Months... 131
General. Rank of...... 482
Geographic Soc. of Chicago.94.
Georgia, Population 309
Georgia. State Officers 310
Georgia. Vote of -.309
General. Office of. Created. 759
German Colonies, Treaty
on 571
German Elections, National
Assembly 726
German Fleet Scuttled 537
Germany, Developments in.
1919 725
Germany, Digest of Con-
stitution 725
Germany. Government of.. 783
Germany, New Boundaries
of 554
Germany, Peace Treaty
with 549
Gifts. Bequests (1919) 474
Gifts. Education 23
Gifts to President Wilson.. 302
Gilbert, J.. Convicted 742
Glass, Carter, Appointed to
Senate 7™
Gold Coinage. U. S 157
Gold Coinage, World 157
Gold, Exports, Imports..... 2o4
Gold. Fineness of 129
Gold. Silver. Stocks in U.S.157
Gold. Silver, United States.156
Gold. Silver. World Produc-
tion 155
Golf Association! 'u.' 'S.'. .' ! *. 1430
Golf Clubs 430
Golf. Public Courses 4HO
Good Templars. Order of. 36*3
Government Disbursements. 38
Gov't Offices in Chicago... 886
Government Officials 384
Government. Overthrow of.
Illinois Law Against 8! 9
Government Receipts 38
Gov't Reclamation Projects.230
Governments. Foreign 780
Governors of Illinois 890
Governors of States 774
Grace. D^ys of 126
Grain Crons. by Countries. 18
Grain Statistics. Chicago... 992
Grand Army of the Re-
public 762
Grand Army Republic.
Daughters 863
Grand Army of the Repub-
lic. Illinois 8*1
Grand Canyon National Pk. 98
Grand Lodges, A. F. & A. M.359
Graves of American Sol-
diers in Europe 487
Graves. Austrian Treaty on. 639
Graves. German Treaty on. 581
Gravity. Specific, Table 123
Great Britain. Gov't of.... 780
Great Britain. Income Tax.419
Great Britain Rewards War
Leaders 487
Greece. Government of 784
Greek Church Calendar 16
Gregory, Attorney-General.
Resigns 747
Guam 792
Guam. Population 198
Guaranties in German
Treaty 617
Guatemala. Government of. 790
H
Haase, Hugo, Shot 726
Haiti. Government of 790
Hall of Fame, American... 137
Hammond Library 928
Harvest Moon 16
Hawaii 792
Hawaii. Population. . .197. 211
Hawker-Grieve Attempt ..109
Hay Crop (1918) -....186
Hay Crop, by States 185
Hay Crop, by Years 187
Haymarket Riot. Survivors.986
Health. Department of. Chi-
cago 885
Health Insurance Com.. 111.835
Heavens. Chart of 25
Hebrew Calendar 16
Height Famous Structures.! 78
Heights and Weights of
Adults 180
Helgoland, German Tre'aty
on 571
Hibernians. Order of 361
High School Colors, Chi-
cago 890
Highest Points in World... 130
Highway Advisers. Ill 833
Highways of America 141
Highways, Supt. of. 111.. 833
Historical Events, Recent.. 466
Historical Society, Chicago. 924
Historical Society, Evans-
ton 801
Historical Society Library,
Chicago 927
Hohenzollern, Wm., in Hol-
land 727
Holidays. National 760
Holidays in United States.. 768
Homes for Indigent. Chi-
cago 945
Homes for Soldiers 410
Homestead Laws, U. S 411
Honduras. Government of.. 790
Hop Crop by Countries — 182
Hop Crop by States 186
Hops. Trade in 190
Horse Racing 433
Horses, on Farms 189
Horses, Mules, Export 189
Hospitals, Dispensaries, Chi-
cago 946
Hospitals. Military 93
Hotels. Chicago 877
Hottest Days. Chicago.... 901
House Committees 398
House of Commons, Parties
in 748
House Number System,
Chicago 97P
House. Speakers of 413
Housing1 Commission. Illi-
nois Law 819
Humane Society, Illinois... 841
Hungary, Government of... 784
Hungary. Revolutions in... 719
Hunter's Moon 16
Hydrographic Office. Chi-
cago 886
Iceland, Government of. . . .784
Idaho, Population 310
Idaho, State Officers 311
Idaho. Vote of 310
Illinois Central Station,
New 895
Illinois Cities, Population.
Area 838
Illinois Constitutional Con-
vention Delegates. Vote
for 861
Illinois Constitutional Con-
vention Law 815
Illinois Electoral Districts. 842
Illinois, Governors of 890
Illinois Hard Roads Plan.. 141
Illinois Legislation (1919). 810
Illinois Men in War 734
Illinois. Military Forces.... 734
Illinois, Officials 832
Illinois. Popular Vote 863
Illinois, Population 311
Illinois. Population Statis-
tics 8*3
Illinois State Central Com-
mittees 808
Illinois, State Officers 313
Illinois State Officials.831. 832
Illinois Tax Commission
Law .810
Dlinois. U. of. Trustees... 832
Illinois, Vote of 311
Illinois Waterway 816
Illiteracy in United States
Statistics 216
Immigration Bureau, Chi-
cago 886
Immigration Law 409
Immigration Statistics 776
Impeachment Cases 248
Imports. Chicago 972
Imports, by Continents 256
Imports, by Countries 255
Imports, Duties 254
Imports. Gold, Silver 254
Imports of Merchandise... 249
Imports, Summary 252
Tmports, Value of 253
Improvement Associations.
Chicago 803
Improvement Bonds. Vote
on 860
Improvements. Chicago 895
Improvements, Local Board.
Chicago 884
Tncome Tax 36
'ncome Tax, Great Britain 419
Income Tax Receipts 261
Tncome Tax Statistics 262
Independence. Declaration
of 374
Tndia, Government of 780
Indian Commissioners...... 388
'ndian Day. American 830
Indiana, Population 313
Tndiana, State Officers 314
'n^isna. Vote of 313
Indigent, Homes for. Chi-
cago 945
Tnri"strial Commission. 111.833
Tndnstrial Conference 755
Industrial Property. Aus-
trian Treaty on 66i
Tri^nstr^l Pronerty, Ger-
man Treatv on 604
Industrial Survey, Illinois. .835
Industrial Unrest 752
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Industries, Rank of ........ 169
Infant Mortality ............ 179
Infant Mortality Rates... 142
Influenza Epidemic (1918). 377
Initiative, Vote on — 861, 862
Insane in Hospitals ........ 217
Insane, Statistics ..... 217,218
Insig-nia, Army ............ 488
Insignia, Officers', Army,
Navy ..................... 483
Inspectors Steam Vessels.
Chicago .................... 886
Insurance. Austrian Treaty
on .......................... 662
Insurance, German Treaty
on ......................... t>02
Insurance. Marine ......... 139
Insurance Statistics ....... 176
S RiskV:.263:266
Interest Tables .............. 1^5
Interior Department ........ 387
Internal Revenue. Dept..
Chicago ...................
Internal Revenue Re-
ceipts ............. ...257-201
International Labor Confer-
pncfi •••• ............ •
International Labor Office.
Austrian Treaty ..........
International Labor Office.
German Treaty .... ...... 614
International Trade Con-
ference .................... "bl
Interstate Commerce Com-
mission ...... ...............
Iowa. Population .......... .
Iowa. State Officers ........ 315
Iowa. Vote of ............... 31
Ireland. Sinn Fein Activity .727
Iron. Pig. Production...... 172
Iron. Steel Output, World's.228
Irrigated Farms, Crops on. 114
Italy. Austrian Treaty on. 628
Italy, Government of ...... 784
Japan Government of ...... 788
Japanese-Korean Conflict. .727
JeWcl ......... ..••••••••••• • i O •
Jewish" Calendar ........... 16
Jewish Historical Society.
Illinois .............. • ..... 924
Joan of Arc Canonized ..... 23
John Crerar Library ........ 927
Joliet. 111.. Population ..... 839
Judge, Municipal. Vote for.8o8
Judge. Superior. Vote for
........... 808, o<
Judges, County, HI ......... 836
Judges U. S. Circuit Court.389
Judges. U. S. Dist. Courts. 390
Judgments, Austrian Treaty •
on .......................... 660
Judgments, German Treaty
on ...................... 600
Judicial Salaries ............ '105
Judiciary, Federal .......... 38:
Jugo Slavia, Gov't of ...... 787
Jury Commission, Cook Co. 86
Justice, Department of ..... 38
Juvenile Court, Cook Co... 875
Juvenile Delinquents ....... 219
Kansas. Population 315
Kansas. State Officers 316
Kansas. Vote of 315
Kentucky, Gubernatorial
Vote 743
Kentucky, Population 316
Kentucky. State Officers ..317
Kentuck-v. Vote of 316
Khiva. Government of 788
Kiel Canal. German Treaty
on 613
King- Albert in U. S 745
King's Daughters. Sons ...352
Knights of Columbus 361
Knights of Columbus. War
Work 531
Knights of Pythias 360
Knights Templars 359
Kolchak Corresponds with
Allies 721
Kongo. Belgian 788
Korea 788
Korean Revolt 727
Labor. Am. Federation 468
Labor. Austrian Treaty on. 672
Labor Conference 68;
Labor Conference, German
Treaty on 01
Labor Conference, Interna-
tional 759
Labor. Department of 38f
Labor Department. HI 833
Labor in German Peace
Treaty 613
Labor Office, German
Treaty on 614
Labor Office, International,
Austrian Treaty 67J
Labor Party. National Com-
mittee 796
Labor Party Platform. 111.. 798
Labor Troubles, 1919 752
Labrador. Government of.. 781
Ladies of G. A. R 76:
Lafayette National Park... 99
Lake Front Improvements
895, 896
Lake Trade, Chicago's 94 r
Lakes. Area, Depth 130
Lakes. Largest in U. S 163
Land Banks, Federal 159
Land Titles, Torrens Sys-
tem 868.974
Language, English, in Illi-
nois Schools 818
Languages. World 125
Lard, Prices
.992
Law Department. Chicago. 882
Law Examiners. Illinois.... 832
Law Institute, Chicago.... 924
Law Institute Library, Chi-
cago 928
Laws. Uniform, Illinois
Commission 835
League to Enforce Peace.. 767
League of Nations, Cove-
nant 550
League of Nations, Organ-
ization 719
Learned Societies, Chicago.924
Learned Societies, U. S 366
Legations. Foreign, in U. S.402
Legion, American 767
Legion, American, Illinois. 869
Legion of Honor 624
Legion of Valor 765
Legion Veterans Shot 681
Legislation. 111. (1919) ....810
Legislative Reference Bu-
reau, Illinois 835
Legislature. HI. Members... 840
legislatures of States 774
Lewis Institute Library — 927
.liberia, German Treaty on. 572
Liberia. Government of — 788
iherty Loan Act 91
iberty Loans 532
libraries. Chicago, Vicinity.925
.library Association. Amer-
ican 358
Library Association, Amer-
ican (Chicago) .......... 924
Literary Club, Chicago.... 924
Library Commission. 111... 836
Library of Congress ....... 500
Library, 111. Historical ..... 835
Library. Hlinois State ...... 835
License Rates, Chicago ..... 968
Licenses. Receipts from.
Chicago ................... 893
Liebknecht, K.. Killed ..... 726
Liebknecht Revolt ____ 726
Lieutenant-General. Rank.. 482
Life. Expectation of ....... 179
Life. Negro Expectation of .180
Life Tables. U. S ...... 179-180
Lignite and Peat Investi-
gation ................ 99
Limitations. Statute of.... 126
Lincoln Memorial Com.... 805
Lincoln Park. Enlarging... 830
Lincoln Park System... ,..929
Lincoln's Gettysburg-
Speech ..................... 377
Liquor Laws, Enforce-
ment of. Illinois ......... 818
Liquors Consumed ......... 368
Liquors Produced in U. S 741
Lithuania, Government of. 785
Live Stock, on Farms.... 189
Living. Cost of ........... "MS
..................... 785
Lloyd's ................... 474
Loan Associations ......... 160
Loan. Liberty, Act ........ 91
Loans. Chicago Bank ...... 900
Loans, War. Details of.... 533
Lodge Resolution .......... 113
London Police Strike ...... 752
London Victory Parade. .. .720
Lorraine, German Treaty
on ................ 560
Louisiana Cane Sugar'.'.* '.'.'.188
Louisiana. Population ..... 317
Louisiana, State Officers... 318
Louisiana, Vote of ......... 317
Lowest Points in World.... 130
Loyal Legrion ............... 764
Luther League ......... 351
Lutheran Church .......... 350
Luxembourg, Rosa. Killed. 726
Luxemburg, Austrian
Treaty on ................. 633
Luxemburg, German Treaty
on ......................... 556
Luxemburg- Remains a
Duchy ..................... 719
Lynching-s ......... . ......... 219
M
Maccabees ............ .. ...362
Madagascar. Gov't of ...... 788
Mail Information .......... 414
Maine. Population ... ...... 318
Maine. State Officers ........ 319
Maine, Vote of ............. 318
Males of Militia Age ....... 204
Manufactures by States. ...170
Manufactures in Cities ..... 170
Manufactures. TJ. S .......... 109
tfaple Sugar Crop ........ 186
£aps, Bureau of. Chicago. 884
Marine Corps, Officers ...... 496
"Marine Disasters ........... 469
arine Hospital, Chicago. 886
Marine Insurance ........... 139
Ma rine Insurance, German
Treaty on
.602
Marriage Laws. U. S 235
larriage Statistics,* U. S...233
forshal. U. S., Chicago.. ..886
Marshals. United States.... 39?.
Martin. T. S.. Deain of. ..750
Massachusetts. Populatio.i.3.19
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
..881
..1)28
Massachusetts. State Offi-
cers 320
Massachusetts, Vote of 319
Mayflower Descendants,
Society 766
Mayor. Primary Vote for.. 846
Mayoralty Elections, Chi-
cago 864
Mayors of Chicago 896
Mayors of Large Cities.
Mayor's Office. Chicago.
May wood Paolic Library
Measures. Shipping
Measures, Weights, in U. S.I 20
Mechanics, Junior Order... 362
Medals. Decorations for
Valor 48-1
Medals. Honor -189
. Mediation, Conciliation,
Federal Board 188
Medical Education 358
Medical Society. Chicago.. 924
Memel. German Treaty on. 568
Men of Voting Ag3 203
Merchandise, Exports 250
Merchandise. Imports 249
Merchant Marine of World.302
Merchant Marine. U. S 171
Mesopotamia. Conquest of. 624
Methodist Centenary Ex-
position 747
Methodist Church 347
Metric Conversion Tables. 120
Metric Equivalents 122
Metric System 120
Metropolitan Districts . . .196
Mexico and United States
Mexico. Government of..
Michigan, Population
Michigan, Vote of
Michigan. State Officers..
Microscopical Society, 111
Milch Cows, on Farms...
Military Academy. U. S..
.746
.789
.320
.320
.321
.924
.189
.494
Military Appropriations,
Repeal of 89
Military Clauses, Austrian
Treaty 635
Military Clauses. German
Treaty 574
Military Decorations,
French 624
Military Force of Illinois. .7o4
Military Hospitals 93
Military Posts, U. S 476
Militia Age. Males of 204
Mine Disasters 470
Mine Workers' Strike 754
Mineral Monopolies 160
Mineral Products of U. S.I 72
Mines and Quarries in
United States 173
Mines. Dept. of. Illinois.... 833
Mining Disasters 465
Mining Investigating Com-
mission, Illinois 835
Mining Property. German
Treaty on 557
Ministers, by Denomina-
tions 357
Minorities, Austrian Treaty
on 631
Minnesota. Population 321
Minnesota Roads 142
Minnesota. State Officers.. 322
Minnesota. Vote of 321
Mints, Assay Offices 769
Mississippi. Population ....322
Mississippi. State Officers .323
Mississippi. Vote of...
Missouri, Gqod Roads Law. 142
Missouri. Population 323
Missouri. Roads Law 142
Missouri. State Officers... .324
Missouri. Vote of 323
.322
Mitchell. E. M., Vote. Cor-
rection 841
Mixed Arbitral Tribunal,
Austrian Treaty 663
Mixed Arbitral Tribunal.
German Treaty 603
Mohammedan Calendar 16
Molasses, Louisiana 188
Monetary Clauses German
Treaty 589
Money and Finance 155
Money. Circulation, United
States 161
Money, Foreign, Vame in
United States 120
Money, World 156
Monroe Doctrine 113
Montana. Population .. ..324
Montana, State Officers ..324
Montana, Vote of
Montenegro. Gov't of...
..785
Monuments. Chicago .. ..935
Monuments, National . ..247
Moon. Hunter's, Harvest.. 16
Moon. Light and Dark 27
Morocco. Austrian Treaty
on 633
Morocco, German Treaty
on 573
Morocco, Government of... 788
Mortality Statistics, Chi-
cago 904
Mortality Statistics, U. S..231
Mortality, Table 180
Mother Tongue. Foreign-
ers' 210
Motor Cars. Revenues 140
Motor Cars, Trucks in U.S.495
Motor Vehicle Theft Act,
National 760
Motorcycling 449
Motoring 448
Mottoes. State • 131
Mountains. Highest 130
Mules. Horses. Export 180
Mules, on Farms 1^9
Multiplication Table 124
Municipal Convention Halls,
Chicago 827
Municipal Courts. Chicago. 876
Municipal Reference Li-
brary. Chicago 885.927
M'isHim. -Advisers, 111 834
Music in Chicago 750
Mystic Shrine 360
N
Nansen Plans to Feed Rus-
sia 723
National Army 504
National Government 384
National Guard in World
War 504
National Guard, Illinois. ..734
National Guard, Reorgani-
zation 481
National Hymns 305
National Monuments 247
National Park, Grand Can-
yon 98
National Park. Lafayette.. 99
ISational Parks 246
National Political Commit-
tees 795
National Safety Council Li-
brary 918
National Security League. 766
National Union 361
Nationals. Treatment. Aus-
trian Treaty 652
Natural History, Field Mu-
seum 966
Naturalization Laws T 408
Naval Academy, U. S 494
.Naval Appropriation Act.. 760
Naval Clauses, Austrian
Treaty 635.637
Naval Clauses. German
Treaty 574.577
Naval Decorations 95
Naval Stations, U. S 497
Naval Training Stations. ..496
jNaval Vessels Lost in War. 537
Navies of World 500.743
Navigation, Austrian
Treaty on 668
Navigation. German Treaty
on 607
Navy Department 385
Navy League, U. S 766
Navy Officers 496
Navy, Officers' Insignia 483
Navy Pay, Table 492
Navy, Personnel 497
Navy, Rank of Officers 484
Navy, Ships of 497
Navy, Vessels, Summary. ..499
Navy Yards, U. S 496
Nebraska, Population 325
Nebraska, State Officers. ..325
Nebraska, Vote of 3° 5
Necrology (1919) 470
-•.ecro^ogy, Chicago 952
• egrroes in Cities 196, 2O1
Neighborhood Improvement
Associations, Chicago ....803
Netherlands. Gov't of 787
.evatia. Population 325
Nevada, State Officers 3^6
Nevada, Vote of 325
Newberry Library 926
Newfoundland, Gov't of... 782
New Hampshire, Popula-
tion 326
New Hampshire, State Of-
ficers 326
New Hampshire, Vote of.326
New Jersey, Population 326
New Jersey. State Officers. 327
JNew Jersey, Vote of 326
New Jerusalem, Church.. .351
New Mexico, Population... 327
New Mexico, State Of-
ficers 327
New Mexico, Vote of 327
New York City, Popula-
tion 220
New York, Population 327
New York, State Officers.. 329
New York. Vote of 327
Newspapers in U. S. and
Canada 234
icaragua. Government of. 790
Nicknames, Insignia, Army
Division 490
Nicknames. State 131
Niemen. German Treaty on.607
• flnpartisan League, North
Dakota 801
Nonpartisan Election, Chi-
cago Aldermen 825
No.mal Schpol Board, 111.834
o*orth Carolina, Popula-
tion 329
.N'orth Carolina, State Of-
ficers 330
'orth Carolina, Vote of.. 329
orth Dakota, Population. 330
North Dakota Ratifies Suf-
frage Amendment 750
.IN' orth Dakota, State Offi-
cers 330
orth Dakota, Vote of 330
-orthwestern University
Library 928
"orway. Government of.. .785
Numerals. Roman, Arabic.. 129
-<ur series, Chicago 946
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Oak Park Public Library. .927
Oat Crop, by Countries 182
Oat Crop, by States 184
Oat Crop, by Years 187
Oats. Trade in 190
Obituary (1919) 470
Obituary, Chicago 952
Ocean Steamships, Great... 171
Oceans, Area, Depth 130
Odd Fellows. Order 360
Oder. German Treaty on.. 609
Officials, Illinois 831, 832
Oglesby Monument Com-
mission 835
Oglesby Monument Un-
veiled 801
Ohio. Population 330
Ohio. Prohibition Vote 720
Ohio. State Officers 331
Ohio. Vote of 330
Oil Burning American
Steamers 807
Oil Cake & Meal, Trade in. 100
Oil. Cotton Seed. Trade in. 190
Oil Inspector's Office, Chi-
cago • 88
Oklahoma, Population 33!
Oklahoma, State Officers... 332
Oklahoma. Vote of 33
Old Chicago Firms 936
8 Id Residents, Chicago 960
Id Residents. Deaths, Chi-
cago 964
Old Salem State Park, Illi-
nois Law 819
Onion Crop 186
Opera Association. Chicago.750
Orange Crop, by States 186
Orchestra, Chicago Sym-
phony 750
Oregon, Population 33
Oreg-on. State Officers 33
Oregon. Vote of 332
Overthrow of Government.
Illinois Law Against 819
Ownership. Public. Vote
on 861, Sok5
Packing. Pork. Statistics... 154
Panama Canal 116
Panama Canal Zone 792
Panama Canal Zone. Pop-
ulation 19
Panama, Government of... 790
Panics. Theater 248
Paraguay, Government of..7o9
Parcel Post Rates 414
Pardons and Paroles. HI... 833
Paris Bombarded 5o8
Paris Peace Congress 683
Paris Victory Parade 720
Parks. Chicago 929
Parks. Board of Advisers,
Illinois 833
Parks. National 246
Parks. State. Supt. of 833
Party Lines in Congie3S....38:J
Party Platforms 797
Passport Regulations. U.S. 7 14
Patents, Applications 152
Patriotic Societies 762
Patti. Adelina. Death of . .416
Paupers. Age of 216
Paupers, in Almshouses....215
Paymaster. City. Chicago . . 883
Pay Table. Army 491
Pay Table. Navy 492
Pea Crop, by Countries.... 183
Peace Conference 682
Austria Treaty 692
Bulgarian Treaty of Peace 718
China and Japan 691
Claims Urged 692
Clemenceau Appointed
Chairman 686
Delegates 683
Change Among 692
Fiume Controversy 690
German Colonies. Disposi-
tion of 692
German Treaty Presented
to Germans 690
Signed 691
Italians Withdraw 690
League of Nations, Or-
ganization of 719
Covenant Framers 687
Presented 689
Modifications of Treaty.. 691
Opening Session 684
Preliminary Meetings ...683
Regulations 683
Territorial Claims 688
Treaty Ratified by Other
Countries 719
Turkey. No Treaty 719
Peace Treaties —
With Germany 549
Aerial Navigation 606
Air Clauses 579
Alsace-Lorraine 560
Amendments Rejected.. 71 6
Arbitral Tribunal 603
Austria 50i
Belgium 555
Bulgaria 573
China 572
Commercial Relations.. 591
Contracts 600
Czecho-Slovak State... 564
Danzig. Free City of. ..568
Debts 595
East Prussia 567
Economic Clauses 591
Egypt 573
Free Zones in Ports.... 607
German Boundaries ...554
German Colonies 671
German Rights 571
Graves 581
Helgoland 571
Hughes' Suggestions.... 697
Industrial Property ....604
Insurance. Social. State.606
Sterallied Control 579
bor 613
League of Nations
Covenant 550
Liberia 572
Luxemburg 556
McCumber Report 716
Memel 568
Military Clauses 574
Mining Property, Ces-
sion 557
Morocco 57;5
Naval Clauses 577
Navigation 607
Penalties 581
Poland 505
Political Clauses 555
Ports 606
Preamble Adopted 716
Presented to Senate.... 69'2
Prisoners of War 580
Property, Rights, Inter-
ests 597
Railways 606.611
Ratification Defeated .717
Reparation 581
Reservations Adopted.. 716
Resolution to Declare
War Ended 718
Rhine. Left Bank 556
Root's Reservations ...696
Russia 571
Saar Basin 556
Schleswig 669
Senate Committee Ma-
jority Report 712
Senate Minority Re-
port 713
Shantung 574
Shipping 592
Siam 572
Social. State. Insurance.606
State Insurance 606
Taft's Interpretations.. 697
Treaties. Previous 593
Turkey 573
Waterways ....600
Wilson Questioned by
Senators 697
With Austria ,,.525
Aerial Navigation 667
Air Clauses 635
Austrian Frontiers ....626
Austrian Interests Out-
side Europe 633
Contracts, Judgments ..660
Debts 655
Disputes 672
Economic Clauses ....652
Financial Clauses 646
Graves 639
Industrial Property ....664
Insurance 662
Labor 672
Military Clauses 635
Misc. Provisions 677
Naval Clauses 635
Navigation 668
Ports 667
Railways 667
Penalties 640
Political Clauses 628
Prisoners of War 639
Property. Rights and
Interests 657
Telegraphs. Telephones. 672
Transferred Territory. .665
Waterways 667
Peach Crop ...186
Peanut Crop, by States 186
Pear Crop 186
Peat Investigation 99
Penal Institutions. 111.833. 834
Penalties. Austrian Treaty. 640
Penalties, German Treaty. 581
Penitentiary Building Com-
mission. Illinois 835
Pennsylvania. Popul tion..333
Pennsylvania. State Officers334
Pennsylvania, Vote of 333
Pension Laws Com.. Ill ... 835
Pension Statistics, U S 778
Pensioning of Judges. 111.. 830
Pensions 98
Peoria. 111.. Population.... 839
Periodicals in United States
and Canada 234
Perry's Victory Memorial
Commission 98
Pershing. J. J.. Honors for. 525
Pershing. John J., Thanks
to 759
Persia. Government of 788
Peru. Government of 789
Petroleum, Crude, Produc-
tion 345
Philippine Islands 791
Philippines. Population ...198
Physical Ex. Drafted Men. 504
Physician, Cook County... 868
Pig Iron Production 172
Pistol Shooting 446
Planets (1920) 31
Planets. Facts About 28
Planets. Position of....
n^ts. Visibility of....
Playgrounds. Chicago ..
10
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Plebiscite. Saar Basin ...... 560
Poets Laureate of England.392
Poland, Am. Trade Com.. A 398
Poland. German Treaty on.565
Poland. Government of... 786
Poland, Republic of ....... 732
Poland. Treaty with ....... 620
Polar Record ............. 751
Police Department. Chicago885
Police Department, Chicago,
Work of ................ 902
Police Districts. Chic go ... 90
Police Record. Chicago ---- 902
Police Superintendents. Chi-
cago .................... 917
Police Work, Chicago, by
Years ................... 901
Political Ass'ns. Chicago. . .73o
Political Clauses. Austrian
Treaty ..................... 6^8
Political Clauses, German
Treaty .............. ....555
Politics. Past, of States.... 411
Polo ...................... 462
Pope, 'Roman Catholic ..... 346
Popular Vote. Illinois ...... 863
Population by Age Periods.204
Population. American CiUes.^
Population. 'Mind '.'.'.' .' ---- '.218
Population. Center of ...... 199
Population, Chicago .. ---- 918
Population by Color, Race. 201
Population. Colored, in
Cities .............. 196-£2^
Population. Cook County.. 87^
Population, Deaf and Dumb218
Pop., of Foreign Birth ..... 206
Population. Foreign Born
Population. Foreign Born.
by Cities .............. 208
Population, Foreign Born,
by States ............... 206
Population. Growth of ---- 199
Population, Illinois Cities. 838
Population. Increase in.... 19
Pop.. Marital Condition ---- 205
Population. Median Lines.. 199
Population. Percentages
Native, Foreign ......... 209
Population by Sex ........ 202
Population, per Sq.' Mile. .213
Pop.. States from 1850 ---- 197
Population. Statistics ---- 196
Population. Statistics. 111.. 843
Population. Urban, Rural
Population.' " United' ' States
(1850-1910) .............. 197
Population, United States
(1790-1840) ........... 198
Population. United States.
1910 and 1900 ............ 197
Population. United States.
by Divisions ............. 198
Population, White and Col-
ored, by States .......... 196
Population, World ........ 212
Pork, Mess, Prices ......... 992
Pork Packing Statistics
..................... 154,928
Portland Cement Associa-
tion Library. Chicago ---- 928
Porto Rico. Island of ..... 790
Porto Rico, Pop ...... 197,211
Ports. Austrian Treaty on. 667
Ports. German Treaty on
........................ 606, 611
Portugal, Government of. .785
Portugal, Monarchist Re-
volt in .................. 724
Postage. Foreign Rates.... 415
Postal Information ....... 414
Postal Rates .............. 414
Postal Savings Bank 917
Postal Savings, U. S 10J
Postal Statistics. National. 166
Postal Statistics, U. S 742
Postmasters. Chicago £
Postmasters, Large Cities. 149
Postoffice, Chicago 916
Postoffice Department 386
Postofflce Inspector, Chi-
cago 886
Potato Crop, by Countries. 182
Potato Crop, by States 185
Potato Crop, by Years 187
Potato. Sweet, Crop, by
States 185
Potatoes, Trade in 190
Power Boat Racing 443
Preparedness Committee . . 766
Presbyterian Church 349
President. Cabinet 383
President in Europe.. .267-303
Presidential Succession 794
Presidential Vote 412. 864
Presidential Vote, Chicago.
Cook County 864
Presidents. Burial Places . . 129
Presidents and Cabinets 404
President's Message to Con-
gress 378. 737
Press. The Associated 744
Prices. Increase in Com-
modity 116
Primary, Calendar. -Chicago. 73 6
Primary Election, Chicago. 846
Prince of Wales in America792
Principals' Club, Chicago.. 935
Printing Office, Gov't 388
Printing. State Supt. of... 833
Printing Trades Strike.
New York .-. 753
Prisoners 219
Prisoners of War, Aus-
trian Treaty on 639
Prisoners of War. Ger-
man Treaty on 580
Prisons. Illinois 833
Prisons. State 248
Prisons. Supt. of. Illinois.. 833
Probate Clerks. Illinois... 836
Probate Court. Cook Co... 875
Probate Judges, Illinois.... 836
Profiteering, Act Against.. 759
Progress of Chicago 803
Progress of United States.. 163
Progressive Platform 797
Property Rights, German
Treaty on 597
Prohibition Act. National. .756
Prohibition Amendment ...417
Prohibition During War. ...418
Prohibition Enforcement . .419
Prohibition, Legal Proceed-
ings 418
Prohibition National Com. 796
Prohibition, Nat'l. Amend-
ment Ratified, Illinois 830
Prohibition in Norway 419
Prohibition Platform 797
Prohibition Vote in Ohio. .720
Property. Assessment, 111. .828
Property Rights, Austrian
Treaty on 657
Propositions, Vote on 859
Prussia, East, German
Treaty on 567
Psychopathic Institutes.
Illinois 833
Public Debt. Statement 463
Public Domain 266
Public Health, Department
of. Illinois 834
Public Ownership, VotP on
861, 862
Public Policy Questions.
Vote 861, 862
Public Service, Cook
County Superintendent... 867
Public Service Department,
Chicago 883
Public Utilities Commis-
sion. Illinois 834
Public Welfare, Department
•of, Illinois 833
Public Works, Department
of, Chicago 884
Public Works, Department
of. Illinois 883
Publishers, Am. Ass'n 744
Pugilism , . . .437
Pullman (111.) Public Li-
brary 928
Pulse at Different Ages.... 129
Qualifications for Suffrage. 406
Quarries. Accidents in 174
Quarries in United States.. 173
Quincy. 111., Population.. ..839
Race Riots, (1919) 793
Races of World 118
Racing, Dog 462
Racing, Horse 433
racing, Power Boat 443
Racquets 430
Railroad Accidents 117
Railroad Administration.
United States 743
Railroad Deficiency 760
Railroad Runs. Fast 118
Railroad Strikes 752
Kailroad Systems, Statis-
tics 344
Railroad Train Speed..'."" 124
Railroad Wrecks 470
Railroads. Electric ...345
Railroads, Operating- In-
cpme 345
Railroads, Revenues, *Ex- *'
penses 345
Rails, Sted, Production... 212
Railway Mail Service Chi-
cago 883
Railway Passenger Sta-
tions, Chicago 939
Railway Statistics, Na-
tional leg
Railway Tunnels, Long'.'.' '.123
Railways, World's 175
Railways, Austrian Treaty
on 667,670
Railways, German Treaty
_on, ••: 606,611,612
Rank, Army, Navy 484
Raw Silk Crop, by Coun-
tries 183
Reclamation Projects *230
Recorder's Office, Cook Co.. 867
Ready-Reference Calendar.. 24
Real Estate Board, Chi-
cago 944
Real Estate Transfers, Chi-
c~g-o 986
Recorder's Office. Cook Co. 867
Recorders, Illinois 836
"Red Cross Work. American.527
^ Pd Men. Order 363
Redfield. W. C.. Resigns ..750
^districting Chicago 80<3
pfpr^ndum. Vote on.. 861. 862
Registrar of Titles, Cook
County 867
Registration Dept.. Illinois. 834
Registration, Voters of Chi-
oag-o 845
po-^rv System of United
States 415
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB, 1920.
11
Relief of European Popu-
lations 96
Religions of World 352
Religious Associations. 346-358
Religious Education Asso-
ciation 351
Reparation Commission.... 583
Reparations, Austrian
Treaty 640
Reparations, German
Treaty 581
Representatives, United
States, Apportionment... 403
Representatives, United
States. House 394-397
Republican National Com-
. mittee 795
Republican Platform 797
Republicans Win in Okla-
homa 746
Reservations, Senate, Ger-
man Treaty 712
Reserve Militia, Illinois... 734
Residents, Old, Chicago.... 960
Residents, Old. Deaths 964
Revenue Act (1918) 36
Revenue, by States 260
Revenue. Internal, Receipts
257-261
Revenues, National 164
Review, Board of Cook
County 868
Revolutions in Hungary... 719
Rewards for War Leaders. .487
Rhine, Left Bank, German
Treaty on 556
Rhine Republic 727
Rhode Island. Population.. 334
Rhode Island. State Offi-
cers 335
Rhode Island, Vote of 334
Rice Crop, by Countries... 182
Rice Crop, by States 184
Rice, Trade in 190
Rifle Shooting- 445
River Systems, Austrian
Treaty on 668
Rivers and Harbors, Bu-
reau. Chicago 883
Rivers, Longest 23
Road Bonds, Vote on 860
Road Construction 97
Road Construction in U. S 140
Roads, Federal Funds for.. 140
Roads, Illinois Plan 141
Roads, Minnesota 142
Rockefeller Foundation 142
Rockefeller Ftmd, Medical
Education 358
Rockford. 111., Population. 839
Roosevelt, Theodore, Death
of 115
Roque 461
Rosin, Trade in 190
Roumania, Government of. 785
Rowing- 439
Royal and Select Masters.. 359
Royal Arcanum 360
Royal Arch Masons 359
Royal League 361
Rubber, Trade in 190
Rural Illiteracy 216
Rural Populati9n ....205,211
Russia, Austrian Treaty
on 633
Russia. German Treaty on. 571
Russia, Government of 785
Russia Under Soviet Rule. 721
Russian Calendar 16
Rye Crop, by Countries.... 182
Rye Crop, by States 183
Rye Crop, by Years 187
Rye, Trade in 190
Ryerson Library, Chicago. .927
S
Saar Basin Plebiscite 560
Saar Basin, German Treaty
on 556
Saar Basin. Government of.558
St. Georg-e. Daughters of. 362
St. Georg-e. Sons of 362
St. Ignatius College Li-
brary 927
Salaries, Chicago Employes.887
Salaries. Chicago Officials. 887
Salaries. Cook County Em-
ployes 870
Salaries. Cook County Of-
ficials 870
Salaries. School, Chicago.. 911
Salvador. Government of... 790
Salvation Army 352
Samoa. American 792
Samoa. Population 198
Sanborn, J. B.. Citation — 728
Sanitary District. Chicago.. 972
Sanitary District, Chicago,
Power Development Law. 830
Sault Ste. Marie Canal 117
Savings Banks. Foreign — 161
Savings Banks, Statistics.
United States 159
Saxony. Free State of 727
Schleswig1, Austrian Treaty
on 633
Schleswig, German Treaty
on 569
School Census. Chicago.... 919
School Enrollment 239
School Finances. Chicago... 913
School Salaries. Chicago... 911
School Statistics. Chicago.. 910
School Statistics by Years. 238
School Superintendents, 111.837
School Systems. State. 237. 238
Schoolhouses in U. S 237
Schools. Chicago 907
Schools. City 238
Schools. Cost :239
Schools. Cook County Supt.868
Science Library, Children's.
Chicago 928
Scottish Rite Masons 359
Seal Herd. Census 375
Seaports. Distances Be-
tween 229
Seaports of World 365
Seas. Area. Depth 130
Seasons 15
Secret Service, U. S.. Chi-
cago 886
Senate Committees. U. S...397
Senate Majority Report,
Peace Treaty 712
Senate. United States 393
Senatorial Districts. Illi-
nois 806
Senators Rebuked 8-i
Sentences. Court-Martial... 96
Serb-Croat-Slovene State,
Austrian Treaty 629
Serbia. Government of 786
Sewers, Bureau of. Chi-
cago 883
Shantung-, German Treaty
on 574
Sheep (1919) 188
Sheep, on Farms 189
Sheriff, Cook County, Vote.864
Sheriff. Elections of 864
Sheriffs of Cook County — 871
Sheriffs. Illinois 837
Sheriff's Office. Cook Co.. 869
Sherman Antitrust Law. ...113
Shipments. Chicago 947
Shipping Data 138
Shipping Disasters 410
Shipping, German Treaty
on 592
Ships Built in 1917 174
Ships Built in 1918 17&
Ships of Navy 497
Ships. World's 175
Siam. Austrian Treaty on. 634
Siam, German Treaty on. .572
Siam. Government of 788*
Sidereal Noon 27
Silver Coinage. U. S 157
Silver Coinage, World 157
Silver. Commercial Ratio.. 158
Silver. Exports. Imports... 25{
Silver. Gold. Stocks in
United States 157
Silver. Gold, United States. 156
Silver. Gold, World Produc-
tion 155
Silver. Price of Bar 157
Silver. Price of Bullion.... 157
Sirius 16
Sixty-Sixth Congress 393
Skating 452
Ski Jumping 460
Small Parks. Chicago 932
Smelters. Accidents in 174
Smithsonian Institution ...171
Social Service Bureau.
Cook County 868
Social Settlements. Chicago.958
Socialist Labor Platform.. 797
Socialist Leaders, Prison
Terms for 495
Socialist National Com.... 796
Socialist Platform (1916). 797
Socialist Platform (1917) .799
Societies. Baptist 349
Societies. Benevolent.. 359-365
Societies. Catholic 347
Societies. Congregational ..350
Societies. Fraternal.... 359-365
Societies. Learned 366
Societies. Learned. Chicago.924
Societies. Patriotic 762
Societies. Presbyterian ....349
Societies. State, in Chi-
cago 941
Society of War of 1812. ...766
Soldiers' Homes 416
Soldiers. Tablet to. A. E. F.935
Sons of America. Order... 362
Sons of American Revolu-
tion 765
Sons of Revolution 765
Sons of St. George 362
Sons of Veterans 763
Sorghums Grain, Crop by
States 186
Sorghum Sirup Produced
(1918) 186
South Africa. Gov't of 781
South Carolina. Popula-
tion 335
South Carolina. State Of-
ficers 335
South Carolina, Vote of.... 335
South Dakota. Population.335
South Dakota. State Of-
ficers 336
South Dakota. Vote of.... 335
South Parks, Chicago 929.
Soviet Rule in Russia 721
Spain, Government of 786
Spanish-American War, Or-
der of 764
Spanish War Veterans 763
Spartacan Revolt 726
Speakers of House 413
Specific Gravity. Table 123
Spirits Produced in U. S..741
Spiritualists'. National,
Association 252
Sporting Records 420
Springfield. 111., Population839
12
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
Stamp Taxes 74
Standard Steel Car Com-
pany Strike 753
Standard Time Zones 33
Stars, Brightest 29
Stars. Numoer of 760
State Department 384
State Fair, Manager, 111... 833
State Mottoes 131
State Nicknames and Flow-
ers 131
State Park. Illinois 819
State Prisons 248
State School Systems. 237. 238
State Societies in Chicago.. 941
State's Attorney Elections. 864
State's Attorney, Vote for.
Cook County 864
State's Attorneys of Cook
County 946
State's Attorneys. Ill 837
State's Attorney's Office.
Cook County 867
States. Historical Data 413
Statistics, Bu. of, Chicago.. 885
Steamers, Am.. Oil Burning.807
Steamship Disasters, Great.777
Steamships, Great. Ocean.. 171
tteel Crude, Production.... 212
teel Output. World's 228
Steel Strike 753
Storms and Floods 469
Street Lighting. Chicago... 890
Street Number Guide, Chi-
cago 976
Street Railway Chronology.
Chicago 735
Street 'Railway Earnings,
Chicago 950
ttreet Railway Franchise.. 735
treets. Bureau of, Chi-
cago 883
Strikes. Labor (1919) 753
Structures, Height, Famous. 178
Submarine Bases, U. S 497
Subtreasury. U. S., Ohicago88G
Suffrage Amendment Rati-
fied. Illinois 830
Suffrage Amendment Rati-
fied. North Dakota 750
Suffrage Amendment Rati-
fied. South Dakota 750
Suffrage, in Foreign Coun-
tries 800
Suffrage, Qualifications for.406
Suffrage States < 800
Suffrage. Woman 799
Sugar Beet Production 188
Sugar Cane, Louisiana ....188
Sugar Crop, by Countries.. 183
Sugar, Trade in 190
Sun. Facts About 28
Sunday Schools 357
Sunday School Union. Am.352
Superior Court. Cook Co.. 875
Superstitions. Modern 303
Supervising Engineers, Chi-
cago 883
Supplies, Department of.
Chicago 884
Supreme Court 389
Supreme Court. Illinois. ...832
Surveyor. Cook County — 868
Sweden, Government of. ...786
Swine, on Farms 189
Swimming 443
Switzerland Gov't of 786
Symbols of Months 131
Tablet to A. E. F.. Chicago. 9°-5
Tariff Commission. U. S...388
Tariff Legislation Since
1884 .. 137
Tax on Admissions. Dues.. 67
Tax on Beverages 59
Tax on Cigars. Tobacco... 65
Tax Commission Assess-
ments, Illinois 812
Tax on Corporations 44
Tax. Estate 55
Tax-Free vs. Taxable
Bonds 744
Tax, Insurance 57
Tax Rates, Chicago 984
Tax, Transportation 57
Tax, War, Excess Profits.. 50
Taxation. Rates. Illinois
Law 829
Taxes, Excise 68
Taxes. Income 36
Taxes, Special 70
Taxes, Stamp 74
Taxicab Fares, Chicago ... 893
Tea Consumed 235
Tea, Trade in 190
Teachers in United States.. 237
Teachers' Federation. Chi-
cago 935
Teachers' Relief Society... 935
Teachers' Salaries, Chicago. 911
Teachers' Societies, Chicago.935
Telegraph Lines. Return of .759
Telegraph Statistics. Na-
tional 166
Telegraph Statistics, U. S.167
Te'egraphs, Telephones,
Austrian Treaty on 672
Telegraphs. World's 175
Telephone Statistics, U. S.I 68
Telescopes, Largest 106
Tennessee, Population 336
Tennessee, State Officers... 337
Tennessee. Vote of 336
Tennis 431
Territories, Historical Dat 413
Territory Transferred, Aus-
trian Treaty on 665
Texas, Population 337
Texas. State Officers 339
Texas, Vote of 337
Theater Fires, Panics 248
Theaters, Chicago 938
Thermometers Compared. .124
Time. Areas of 15
Time, Difference in 35
Time. Foreign Standards... 35
Time and Stand. rds of.... 33
Tires, Width Required 734
Titles. Abbreviations 129
Titles. Land, Torrens Sys-
tem 868,974
Tobacco Crop, by Coun-
tries 182
Tobacco Crop, by States... 185
Tobacco Crop, by Years... 187
Tobacco, Tax on 65
Tobacco, Unmanufactured,
Trade in 190
Tonnage 254
Tonnage in Foreign Trade. 3 65
Tornado, Fergus Falls 777
Torpedo Stations 497
Torrens System Land
Titles 868,974
Townley, A. C.. Convicted. 74 !
Traction Strike, Chicr-go. . .753
Trade. Commerce. Dept. 111.834
Trade Commissioners. Po-
land 398
Trade Conference, Interna-
tional 761
Trade Marks, Registration of 15 .
Train-Automobile €ollisions470
Training Stations. Naval. .49G
Transcontinental Airplane
Raca 548
Transport, International,
Austrian Treaty 670
Transportation of Troops.. 538
Transportation, Tax 67
Trapshooting 446
Treasurer, Chicago 882
Treasurer. City. Vote for.. 857
Treasurer, Cook County.... 867
Treasurers. Chicago 921
Treasurers, County. 111.... 837
Treasury Department 384
Treasury, Secretary of. Re-
signs 750
Treaties, Austrian Treaty
on 653
Treaties. German Treaty on593
Troop Sailings 505
Troops in U. S. Wars 746
Trucks. Motor Cars, in U. S.495
Tunis, Government of 788
. Tunnels. Chicago 802
I Tunnels. Railway, Long. . . 123
Turkey, Austrian Treaty
on 633
Turkey, German Treaty on. 573
Turkey, Government of 787
Turpentine, Trade in 190
Ukrainia, Government of.. 787
Underwriters' Library. Chi-
cago 928
Uniform, Retention of 95
Union Ex-Prisoners, Na-
tional Association of 764
Unitarian Church 349
United Charities, Chicago.. 751
United States, Accessions. .213
United States, Area of 212
United States Army 475
United States Dirigible C-5,
Loss of .....112
United States Enters War. 501
United States Fleets. Sta-
tions 496
U. S. Military Academy... 494
U. S. Naval Academy 494
United States, Progress of 163
United States Wars, Troops
in 748
Universal Military Train-
ing League 767
Universalist Church, Y. P.
C. U 351
Universities, American.240-246
Universities Foreign, Stu-
dents 239
Urban Population 205,211
Urban, Rural Illiteracy. ...216
Uruguay, Commission Gov-
ernment in 724
Uruguay, Government of.. 789
Utah, Population 339
Utah, State Officers 339
Utah, Vote of 339
Utilities Commission, Illi-
nois Public 834
Venezuela, Government of. 789
Vermont, Population 339
Vermont, State Officers... 340
Vermont, Vote of 339
Vessels, American Mer-
chant, Sunk 538
Vessels Built in U. S 174
Vessels in Navy 499
Veterinarian, Chief. 111.... 832
Vicksburg Statue Commis-
sion 835
Victory Liberty Loan Act. 91
Victory Loan 532
Victory Parades 720
Virgin Islands 792
Virginia Library, Chicago.. 928
Virginia, Population 340
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
13
Virginia, State Officers 341
Virginia, Vote of 340
Visibility Objects on Lakes.921
Vocational Education. Fed-
eral Board 388
Vocational Education, Illi-
nois Law 817
Voluntary Enlistments 96
Volunteers of America 352
Vote for City Clerk 857
Vote, Electoral, by States. 382
Vote for Judges 858. 860
Vote for Mayor by Pre-
cincts 848
Vote for Mayor by Wards.. 847
Vote, Popular, of Illinois. .863
Vote, Presidential (1916). 304
Voto. Presidential, Chicago,
Cook County 864
Vote on Propositions.. 859. 860
Voters, Registration. Chi-
cago 845
Voting Age, Men of 203
Voting Age. Women of.... 204
W
Wages of Farm Labor 195
Wages, Tables of 126
War Contracts. Validation
of 87
War Department 384
War Expense. American.... 533
War. the Great 501
Air Squadrons 513
Airplanes 511
Allied Offensives 516
Americans in Battle 514
Armies. Front Line 525
Armies. Western Front.. 530
Army of Occupation 536
Army, Sources 503
Army, Statistics 502
Army. Strength 531
Army Supply Service . . . 508
Artillery 510
Austrian Peace Treaty
Signed 501
Aviation Aces 535
Aviation Losses 536
Balloons 512
Battles, Americans in. .. .514
British Guards. Reco.d..528
Camps and Cantonments. 505
Cargo Movement 507
Casualties 519
Casualties. American . . .537
Chronology. General. 539-547
Clothing 507
Cost, Carnegie Report... 681
Cost. Cash 501
Deaths in Battle 519-521
Declaration of War 501
Demobilization of Army. 528
Disease. Control of 521
Duration of War 524
Equipment 507
Expenditures, War 522
Expenses, War. All Na-
tions 523
Food 507
Gases, Poison '•»!!
German Fleet Scuttled.. 537
German Offensives 5? 5
German Peace Treaty
Signed 501
German Prisoners 519
Health 519
Honored by Congress .... 526
Hospitals 522
Knights of Columbus,
War Activities 531
Liberty Loans 532
Machine Guns 509
Merchant Vessels Sunk. .538
Meuse-Argonne, Battle of .517
National Army 504
National Guard 50^
Nations Involved 50 J
Naval Vessels Lost in War537
Officers Honored by Con-
gress 526
Ordnance. Production ...524
Paris Bombarded 538
Peace Conference Begins. 501
Pershing. Gen.. Honors
for 525
Physical Ex. Drafted MenSO-;
Prisoners, German 5 If
Red Cross Work 527
Rifles and Machine Guns.508
St. Mihiel. Battle of 517
Severance of Diplomatic
Relations 501
Surrender Dates 501
Tanks, Tractors 511
Telephone, Telegraph
Lines 50
Training Troops . .502
Transportation of Army . 505
Transportation of Troops53£
Troops, Am., in Germany53f
U. S. Army Strength 502
U. S. Enters War 501
Victory Loan 532
War Loans. Details of 533
Y. M. C A. War Work.. 529
War Loans. Details of 533
War Profits. Tax 50
War Risk Insurance... 263-266
Ward Boundaries. Chicago.
942. 943
Wards and Aldermen, Chi-
cago 976
Wards. Fifty. Vote on 860
Wars. Chronology of Re-
cent 547
Water, Bureau of. Chicago. 883
Water Resource Advisers.
Illinois 833
Waterfalls, Famous 165
Waterway. Illinois 816
Waterways, Austrian
Treaty on 667
Waterways. German Treaty
on 606
Waterworks System. Chi-
cago 801
Washington. Population ..341
Washington. State Officers. 341
Washington, Vote of 341
Washington's Farewell Ad-
dress 376
Wealth. National, U. S 176
Wealth of Nations 178
Wealth, by States 177
Weather Bureau, Chicago... 8 SO
Weather. Chicago 901
Weather Forecasts. Signals.118
Wedding Anniversaries ...124
Weights of Adults. Normal.180
Weights. Bushel 123
Weights and Measures,
Department of. Chicago.. 886
Weights and Measures. 111.807
Weights, Measures, in U. S.120
Welfare Commissioners. HI. 833
West Chicago Parks 931
West Point Academy 494
West Virginia. Population.. 341
West Virginia, State Of-
ficers 342
West Virginia. Vote of 341
Western Economic S9ciety.924
Western Engineers' Library.
Chicago 928
Western Society olf Engi-
neers 924
Western Union Statistics.. 168
Wet or Dry Chicago, Vote.859
Wheat Crop, by Countries.. 181
Wheat Crop, by States 183
Wheat Crop, by Years 187
Wheat Flour. Trade in 190
Wheat Harvest Calendar... 4Y4
Wheat. Price Guaranties... *4
Wheat. Trade in 190
Wilson. WoodroTv, Address-
es. Notes, Speeches —
Conference of Governors
and Mayors 289
Cost of Living 143
"Fourteen Points" 682
Messages to Congress.378,737
In Europe— Arrival 267
At Sorbonne 268
To American Army. ...268
In Chaumont 269
Visit to England—
At Buckingham Palace.272
At Mansion House 273
In Manchester 274
Visit to Italy—
In Italian Parliament.. 277
At Quirinal 278
At Roman Capitol 279
At Academy of the
Lincei 279
In Genoa 280
In Milan 280
In Turin 282
In France —
Before French Senate. .284
To French Women 284
In French Chamber of
Deputies 285
"Miracles Wrought by
War." 286
Message to French Peo-
ple " 286
Visit to America—
In Mechanics' Hall,
Boston 287
In Metropolitan Opera
House 290
"Spirit of America"... 293
"America for Justice". 294
At Pessoa Dinner 294
Back in France —
Memorial Day Address.. 295
Memorial Day Cable... 295
In Charleroi 297
At Poincare Dinner 298
Farewell Statement 299
Message to Americans.. 299
Return Home-
To Troops on Board
Ship 299
In Carnegie Hall 301
During Tour to Defend
Treaty —
Keynote Speech of
Trip 698
"War Could Have Been
Prevented" 702
"Article X. Explained" .702
"Opposition Illogical". .704
"Essential Object of
Treaty" 705
"Provides for Disarma-
ment" 705
"Meaning of Revolu-
tion" 706
"About Reservations.". 706
"Pro - Germanism Re-
vives" 707
"To Minnesota Legis-
lators" 707
"Mediators of Man-
kind" 708
"Ten Points of Cove-
nant" 708
"More About ArticleX." 709
"Chaos in Russia" 709
ALMANAC AN1> YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
"Police Strikes Con-
demned" 709
"Ashamed of Race
Riots" 709
"Powers Not Taken
from Congress" 709
"Cost of the War".... 710
"New World Partner-
ship" 710
"Replies to Labor
Council" 710
"Explanatory Replies". 710
"Freedom of the Seas"711
"Wilson in Europe 267-303
Chronology of European
Journey 302
Gifts Received in Europe.302
Wilson. Illness of 793
Questioned by Senators
About Treaty 697
Tour in Defense of Treaty.698
Wines, Liquors Consumed. .368
Winnipeg- Strike 7o2
Wisconsin, Population ....342
Wisconsin, State Officers... 343
Wisconsin, Vote of 342
Woman Suffrage 799
Woman Suffrage States.. ..800
Woman's Party Platform.. 798
Woman's Relief Corps 763
Women, Congress of Work-
ing- 681
Women of Voting- Age.... 204
Wood Pulp, Trade in 190
Wood. Sir Evelyn W..
Death 750
Woodmen, Modern 361
Woodmen of World 360
Wool (1917) 188
Wool, Trade in ...190
Workmen. United Order.... 361
World, Fast Trips Around. 403
World, Money 156
Wond Population 212
World War, Chronol-
ogy ..539-547
Wrestling- 461
Wyoming-, Population 343
Wyoming-, State Officers... 343
Wyoming-, Vote of 343
Yachting- 438
Yale Club of Chicago 736
Y. M. C. A., the 351
Y. M. C. A. War Work.. .629
Y. P. C. U.. Universalist..351
Zodiac, Signs of 31
Zoning Law for Cities, 111.. 824
Zoological Gardens 741
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS.
Abstracts. Torreng 974-975
Advertising. Mail: Buckley, Dement & Co. 953
Advertising. Outdoor: Thos. Cusack Co..
Opposite Inside Back Cover
Albaugh-Dover Co 971
Alfred L. Baker & Co 951
Arnold Company, The 971
Baker. Alfred L.. & Co 951
Banking: Central Trust Company of Illi-
nois Inside Back Flyleaf
Banking: Des Plaines State Bank 940
Banking: George H. Burr & Co 949
Banking: The Corn Exchange National
Bank Inside Back Cover
Banking: The Merchants Loan and Trust
Company Outside Back Cover
Barnhart Brothers & Spindler 995
Baseball Park: Comiskey 985
Becker. A. G., & Co 949
Benjamin Electric Mfg. Co 971
Bingham's Son. Sam'l, Mfg. Co 963
Blatchford, E. W.. Company 961
Brunswick Phonograph Shop 955
Buckley, Dement & Co 953
Burr. Geo. H.. & Co 949
Castings, Light Gray: The Western Foun-
dry Company 969
Castings: The National Malleable Cast-
ings Company 993
Central Trust Company of Illinois
Inside Back Flyleaf
Certificates. Land. Torrens 974-975 j
Chicago Daily News Opposite Title Pag-e
Chicago Elevated Railroads 977-978 I
Chicago. North Shore & Milwaukee R. R. 970 I
Chicago Surface Lines 987-991
Chicago Telephone Company 957,981-983 '
Clement. Curtis & Co 951
Comiskey Baseball Park 985
Commercial Paper: A. G. Becker & Co... 949
Commercial Paper: Geo. H. Burr & Co.... 949
Commonwealth Edison Company 973
Corn Exchange National Bank
Inside Back Cover
Cusack. Thos.. Co Opposite Back Cover
Des Plaines State Bank . 949
Eckhart. B. A.. Milling Co 997
Eclipse Printing Co 965
Electrical Specialties: Benjamin Electric
Mfg. Co 971
Electrical Supplies: Commonwealth
Edison Co . 973
Elevated Railroads. Chicago 977-978
Elmes. Charles F., Engineering Works 993
Engineering: Charles F. Elmes 993
Engineering: The Arnold Company 971
Foundry Company. Western 969
Gear Cutters: Albaugh-Dover Company - 971
George H. Burr & Co .*..... 949
Grain: J. Rosenbaum Grain Company 9ol
Heating. Ventilating : Phillips-Getschow Co 965
Illinois Life Insurance Co. Opposite First Cover
Insurance : Illinois Life Ins. Co . Op. First Cover
Insurance : Marsh & McLennan
Inside Front Cover
Land Certificates. Torrens 974, 975
Marsh & McLennan Inside Front Cover
Mendelson Bros. Paper Stock Company... 967
Merchandise, General: Samuel Phillipson
& Co 997
Merchants Loan and Trust Company
Outside Back Cove*
Metals. Stereotype. Etc.: E. W. Blatchford
Company 961
Milling: B. A. Eckhart Milling Company.. 997
Milwaukee Electric R. R 979
Mobiloils: Vacuum Oil Company 965
Motor Trucks: Republic Truck Company.. 959
National Malleable Castings Company 903
Newspaper: Chicago Daily News
Opposite Title Page
Paper Mill Supplies: Mendelson Bros. Pa-
per Stock Co 967
Phillips-Getschow Co 965
Phillipson & Co.. Samuel 997
Phonographs : Brunswick Phonograph Shop 955
Printers and Binders: Eclipse Printing Co. 965
Printers' Rollers, Sam'l Bingham's Son
Mfg. Co 963
Printing: Regan Printing House 995
Regan Printing House 995
Registering of Titles: Torrens System. .974-975
Republic Truck Company 959
Rosenbaum. J.. Grain Company 951
Russell. Brewster & Co 951
Sam'l Bingham's Son Mfg. Co 963
Samuel Phillipson & Co 997
Sharp & Smith 973
Stereotype Metals: E. W. Blatchford & Co. .961
Stocks & Bonds: Russell. Brewster & Co. 951
Stocks. Bonds. Grain: Alfred L. Baker &
Co 951
Stocks, Bonds. Grain. Cotton: Clement,
Curtis & Co 951
Street Railways: Chicago Surface Lines.987-991
Surgical Instruments: Sharp & Smith 973
Teaming: A. T. Willett Company 969
Telephone Service: Chicago Telephone Com-
pany 957. 981-983
Thos. Cusack Co Opposite Back Cover
Titles. Torrens Land 974. 975
Torrens System 974-975
Type: Barnhart Brothers & Spindler — 995
Vacuum Oil Company 965
Western Foundry Company 969
Willett. A. T., Company 969
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK
FOR* 1 920
Astronomical calculations for 1920— By B. Hart Wrigrht, DeLand, Fla.
The calculations in each of the geographical
divisions of each calendar page will apply with
sufficient accuracy to all places in contiguous
zones indicated by the heading- of the divisions.
All the calculations in this Almanac and
Year-Book are based upon mean or clock time
unless otherwise stated. The sun's rising1 and
setting are for the upper limb, corrected for
"parallax and refraction." The figures given
are for the moon's center on a true horizon
such as the ocean affords.
BEGINNING AND LENGTH OF SEASONS.
D. H.M.
Eastern Central
time. time.
4:27 p.m. 3:27 p.m. 1919 Winter begins and lasts.
4:59p.m. 3:59p.m. 1920 Spring begins and lasts 921941
Gemini June 21.. 0 :40 p.m. 11:40 a.m. 1920 Summer begins and lasts 931449
Virgo Sept. 23.. 3:29a.m. 2:29 a.m. 1920 .Autumn begins_and lasts 891848
Sun enters : Constel-
Bign. Long, lation. Date.
Capri. 270° Sagit. Dec. 22
Aries 0° Pisces Mch.20
Cancer 90
Libra 180
Capri. 270° Sagit. Dec. 21.. 10:17 p.m. 9 :17 p.m. 1920 Winter begins. Tropical year. 365 660
ERAS OF TIME.
The Gregorian year 1920 corresponds to the
following eras:
The latter part of the 144th and the begin-
ning of the 145th year of the independence
of the United States.
The year 1338-39 of the Mohammedan era;
the year 1339 begins Sept. 14.
The year 4617 (nearly) of the Chinese era,
beginning now, Jan. 1.
The year 2232 of the Grecian era.
rhe year 5680-81 of the Jewish era: the
year 5681 begins at sunset Sept. 12.
The year 7428-29 of the Byzantine era, be-
ginning Sept. 1.
The year 2580 of the Japanese era.
The year 6633 of the Julian period, and Jan.
1 ia the 2,422,325th day since the beginning1
of the Julian period.
CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES.
Dominical or Sunday letters D. C.
Epact of moon's age. Jan. 1 10
Lunar cycle or golden number 2
Solar cycle 6
Roman indietion 3
Dionysian period 249
Jewish lunar cycle 18
Julian period 6633
CHURCH CALENDAR FOR 1920.
Jan. 1— New Year's day (Cir-
cumcision) .
Jan. 6— Epiphany (12th day).
Jan. 14 — Greek Church New
Year's day.
Jan. 25 — Conversion of St.
Paul.
Feb. 1— Septuagesima Sunday.
Feb. 2— Purification B. V. M.
Feb. 8 — Sexagesima Sunday.
Feb. 15— Quinquagesima Sun-
day.
Feb. 17— Shrove Tuesday.
Feb. 18— Ash Wednesday (Lent
begins) .
Feb. 22 — Quadragesima Sunday.
Feb. 24— St. Matthias.
March 14— Mid-Lent Sunday.
March 17— St. Patrick's day.
March 25— Annunciation (Lady
day).
March 28— Palm Sunday.
"Wednesday,
Friday
and
Saturday
April 2— Good Friday.
April 4— Easter Sunday.
April 11 — Low Sunday.
April 23— St. George.
April 25— St. Mark.
May 1 — Philip and James.
May 9— Rogation Sunday.
May 13 — A scension (Holy
Thursday).
May 23 — Pentecost (Whitsun-
day).
May 30— Trinity Sunday.
June 3 — Corpus Christi.
June 24— Nativity of John the
Baptist.
June 29— Peter and Paul.
July 15— St. Swithin's day.
July 22 — Mary Magdalen.
July 25— St. James.
Aug. 6 — Transfiguration.
Aug. 7 — Name of Jesus.
Aug. 15— Feast of Assumption
B. V. M.
EMBER DAYS.
ist Sunday in Lent .......................
Dec. 13
Aug. 24— St. Bartholomew.
Aug. 29— St. John the Baptist.
Sept. 8— Nativity of Mary.
Sept. 13— Jewish New Year's
day.
Sept. 14 — Exaltation of Holy
Cross.
Sept. 21— St. Matthew.
Sept. 29— Michaelmas.
Oct. 18— St. Luke.
Oct. 28 — Simon and Jude.
Oct. 31— Halloween.
Nov. 1— All Saints' day.
Nov. 2— All Souls' day.
Nov. 11 — Martinmas.
Nov. 25 — Thanksgiving day.
Nov. 28 — 1st Sunday in Advent.
Nov. 30— St. Andrew.
Dec. 8— Conception B. V. M.
Dec. 21— St. Thomas.
Dec. 25— Christmas.
Dec. 27— St. John the Evangelist.
Dec. 28— Holy Innocents.
Feb. 25. 27 and 28
May 26, 28 and 29
...Sept. 15, 17 and 18
Dec. 15. 17 and 18
15
16
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
JEWISH OR HEBREW CALENDAR. YEAR 5680-81 A. M.
The year 5680 is the 18th of the 299th cycle of 19 years.
-Month v
No. Name. Day. Fast or festival.
Year.
6680..
6680.
6680.,
6680.,
6680.,
6680..
6680..
10. .Fast of Tebet Thursday. Jan. 1, 1920
L.Rosh-Chodesh Wednesday. Jan. 21. 1920
L.Rosh-Chodesh Thursday-Friday, Feb. 19-20, 1920
13.. Fast of Esther Wednesday, March 3, 1920
... 14-15.. Purim Thursday-Friday, March 4-5, 1920
L.Rosh-Chcdesh Saturday, March 20, 1920
15.. 1st day of Passover Saturday, April 3. 1920
L.Rosh-Chodesh Sunday-Monday. April 18-19. 1920
18.. Lag B'Omer Thursday. May 6, 1920
18. .33d day of Omer Thursday. May 6, 1920
L.Rosh-Chodesh Thursday. May 18. 1920
. 6.. 1st day of Pentecost Sunday, May 23, 1920
. L.Rosh-Chodesh Wednesday-Thursday. June 16-17, 1920
.17. .Fast of Tammuz 'Saturday, July 3, 1920
. L.Rosh-Chodesh Friday, July 16, 1920
6680....11..AV 9.. Fast of Av , ... 'Saturday. July 24.
4.. Tebet
. 6..Sh'vat
. 6..Adar .
. 6..Adar .
. 6..Adar .
. 7.. Nissan .
. 7.. Nissan .
. 8..Iyar
. 8..Iyar ....
. 8..Iyar ....
. 9..Sivan ...
. 9..Sivan ...
.10.. Tammuz
6680 10. .Tammuz
6680... .11.. Av
5680.,
5680.
6680....12..Ellul
6681...
1920
-..raiiu L.Rosh-Chodesh Saturday-Sunday. Aug. 14-15. 1920
L.Tishri L.lst day of New Year tMonday, Sept. 13. 1920
3.. Fast of Gedaliah Wednesday. Sept. 15,
.10..Yom-Kippur Wednesday. Sept. 22,
.15. .1st day of Tabernacles Monday. Sept. 27,
.2L.Hoshannah-Rabbah Sunday. Oct. 3.
.22..Sh'mini Atseres Monday. Oct. 4,
.23. .Simchas-Torah Tuesday. Oct. 5.
. L.Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday-Wednesday. Oct. 12-13.
. L.Rosh-Chodesh Thursday-Friday. Nov. 11-12.
681.... 3..Kislev 25.. 1st day of Chanukah Monday. Dec. 6.
681.... 4. .Tebet L.Rosh-Chodesh Saturday-Sunday. Dec. 11-12.
6681... . 4.. Tebet 10.. Fast of Tebet. .. Tuesday. Dec. 21.
•Observed the following day. fBegins at sunset Sept. 12.
1920
1920
1920
1920
1920
1920
1920
1920
1920
1920
1920
GREEK CHURCH OR RUSSIAN CALENDAR. A. D. 1920, A. M. 8029.
New style. Holy days.
Old style.
. .
Jan. 7— Christmas .............. Dec. 25. 1919
Jan. 14 — Circumcision .............. Jan 1 1920
Jan. 19— Epiphany (Theophany) .......... Jan. 6
weK' i-~ Carnival Sunday ............... Jan. 26
Feb. 15— Hypopante ( Purification) ....... Feb. 2
Feb. 18— Ash Wednesday .......... ...Feb 5
Feb. 22— 1st Sunday in Lent ............ Feb.' 9
Mar. 28— Palm Sunday ................ March 15
April 2— Great (Good) Friday ........ March 20
April 4— Holy Pasche (Easter) ....... March 22
May 6— St. George .................... April 23
May 13— Ascension (Holy) Thr ........ April 30
New style. Holy days.
Old style.
.
May 23— Pentecost ..................... May 10
June 12— Holy Ghost .................... May 30
July 12— Peter and Paul. Chief Apostles. June 29
Aug. 19 — Transfiguration ................. Aug. 6
Aug. 28— Repose of Theotokos .......... Aug. 15
Sept. 21— Nativity of Theotokos ......... Sept. 8
Sept. 27— Exaltation of Theotokos ...... Sept. 14
Oct. 14 — Patronage of Theotokos ......... Oct. 1
Nov. 28— 1st day of Nativity ............ Nov. 15
Dec. 4 — Entrance of Theotokos ........ Nov. 21
Dec. 22— Conception of Theotokos ........ Dec. 9
The year
1338.
I
MOHAMMEDAN CALENDAR, YEAR 1338-39.
8th year of the 4!
Begins. „«., „.
, I Jan. 21 30
. .Jomhadi II Feb. 20 29
..Rajeb March 20 30
..Sheban April 19 29
..Ramadan (Fasting) .May 18 30
..Schawall June 17 29
. .Dulkaeda July 16 30
THE PLANETS.
cle of 30 years, being a lea]
, Month N
Year. No. Name.
1338..12..Dulheggia
1339.. L.Mulharrem ....
1339.. 2..Saphar ........
1339.. 3..Rabia I
1339.. 4..Rabia II
1339.. 5..Jomhadi I...
Pyear of 355 days.
Lasts.
Begins. days.
....Aug. 15 30
...Sept. 14 30
...Oct. 14 29
....Nov. 12 30
....Dec. 12 29
Jan. 10. 1921.30
Morning stars— Mercury. April 15-20 and
Nov. 25-Dec. 5. rising about 1 hour 15 min-
utes before the sun: Verms. until July 3;
Mars, until Jan. 14: Jupiter, from Aug. 22 to
Dec. 10: Saturn, from Sept. 8 to Dec. 16
Evening stars— Mercury, Feb. 20-March 2 and
Oct. 25-Nov 2. setting about 1 hour 15 min-
utes after the sun: Venus, after July 3; Mars,
after Jan. 14; Jupiter, until Aug. 22 and after
Dec. 10; Saturn, until Sept. 8 and after
Dec. 16.
All-night stars or planets— Mars in April,
Jupiter the latter part of January and the
first part of February, and Saturn in Febru-
ary and March.
Brightest or best seen— Venus at the begin-
ning and end of the year, but then not at her
best: Mars in April: Jupiter in February:
Saturn the latter part of February and first
part of March: Uranus the last of August.
and Neptune the last of January.
Invisible or very dim— Mercury, always ex-
cept within the time limits given, when
an evening or morning star; Venus. July 1-8:
Mars, not this year; Jupiter, Aug. 15-30, and
Saturn. Sept. 1-10.
Dim or faintly visible — Venus. June. July and
August: Mars, not this year: Jupiter, July.
August and September: Saturn, August. Sep-
tember and October: Uranus and Neptune,
always.
HUNTER'S AND HARVEST MOON.
The full moon nearest to Sept. 21 is popu-
larly known as the "harvest moon." This is
because the moon then rises for several con-
secutive evenings at nearly the same hour,
giving an unusual number of moonlight eve-
nings. This is the most noticeable in the
higher latitudes and quite disappears at the
equator.
The "hunter's moon" is the first full moon
following the harvest moon.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
17
iIS:l8tMonth' JANUARY, 1920.
IB
$62
359
1 Thursday
Friday...
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Monday.
Tuesday.
Wednea.,
8 Thursday
14
DAY
OF
WEEK.
Friday.."
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Monday .,
Tuesday..
iVednes..
Thursday
Friday....
Saturday
SUNDAY
Monday..
Tuesday .
Wednes.
Thursday
Friday....
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Monday..
Tuesday .
iVednes..
Thursday
•»
MOON'S
PLACE
7 P. M.
E. S. T.
H It
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
Mean
Time.
Slow.
12
2 58
[2 13 9
L2 13 20
L2 13 30
MOON
IN
ME-
R ID-
IAN
Eve.
H. M.
817
917
1020
1123
morn
24
122
216
355
441
526
611
656
742
8°9
18 'i
1055
1143
ev.30
250
337
425
516
Iowa, Neb., Wyo.,
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio.
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
Moon
Sun Sun sets
rises, sets, and
715
715
i
512
335
S. 111., lid., Kas.,
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.f
Md., Del.
Sun
rises.
716
713
712
Sun
H. M
*1
J
455
456
457
458
459
516
517
518
519
520
521
Vis., Minn.,N.D.,
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
*. Y., Vt., N. H.
Moon
sets
and
Sun
ises.
H. M.
739
739
738
738
738
738
737
737
737
736
736
736
736
735
734
734
733
732
731
730
729
729
728
725
724
724
723
723
722
Sun
sets.
H. M.
429
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
4f
ises
.i
1042
1144
morn
148
246
343
647
Beta
10 9
1117
-orn
137
FEBRUARY, 1920.a>Days.
18
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
)Full Moon, 4th.
;Last Quar.. 12th.
3d Month. MARCH, 1920. 31 Day,. ®Ne« Moon, 20,h.
(First Quar., 27th.
293 1
13
26
27
28
278 29
DAY
OF
WEEK.
Monday..
Tuesday..
Wednes...
Thursday
Friday ...
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Monday...
Tuesday..
Wednes..
Thursday
Friday ...
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Monday ..
Tuesday.
Wednes.
Thursday
Friday...
Saturday
SUNDAY
Monday ..
Tuesday..
Wednes.
16
17
18
19
IS
22
23
24
25 Thursday
'riday....
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Vlonday ..
Tuesday..
iVednes. .
MOON'S
PLACE
7 P.M.
E. S. T.
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
Mean
Time.
Slow.
45
MOON
IN
ME-
RID-
IAN.
Eve.
1014
Iowa, Neb., Wyo.,
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
Sun
rises.
H. M.
636
635
634
63-2
630
628
62
618
617
615
613
611
610
6 9
6 7
6 5
6 4
6 2
6 0
558
556
554
553
552
551
550
548
5 46
Bun
610
611
619
Moon
sets
and
rises.
H. M.
418
450
527
rises
IJ
1011
11 8
morn
4
65
142
225
414
446
618
sets
1013
11 19
mom
21
117
2 6
248
316
4 0
S. 111., Ind., Has.,
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal.. Ky., Va.,
Md., Del.
Sun
632
631
630
552
550
549
548
546
Sun
554
555
556
619
620
621
622
623
Moon
sets
and
rises.
764
Vis.. Minn. .N.D..
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y..Vt..N. H.
Sun
ises
a. M.
689
688
636
634
632
625
ii?
615
.1.
6 3
Si
558
556
555
552
548
546
544
543
Sun
553
555
If?
6 2
6 3
610
611
613
615
616
621
622
Moon
sets
and
rises.
H. M.
419
rises
7 7
813
morn
1*9
155
421
460
619
sets
8 8
913
""IS
130
218
fFuIl Moon, 3d. 4thM th A PR IT
Last Quar., llth. *th Montll> "flUi-l
SO Dava
3° Day8-
®New Moon, 18th.
^First Quar., 25th.
92275
93
94273
95
100
16
274
•272
255
254
253
115 252
251
DAY
OF
WEEK.
1 Thursday
2 Friday....
3 Saturday.
4 SUNDAY
5 Monday ..
6 Tuesday..
7 Wednes..
8 Thursday
9 Friday....
;0 Saturday
,1 SUNDAY
2 Monday..
3 Tuesday..
4 Wednes...
5 Thursday
6 Friday....
7 Saturday
8 SUNDAY
9 Monday .
!0 Tuesday.
!1 Wednes...
!2 Thursday
!3 Friday....
14 Saturday.
!5 SUNDAY
16 Monday..
17 Tuesday..
!8 Wednes..
9 Thursday
10 Friday. ..
MOON'S
PLACE
7 P.M.
E. S.T.
" " 27
m * 9
" " 21
y -5 3
" " 15
II II Q-
*, - "9
"' " 22
- X 4
" " 18
X T 1
" " 16
" " 30
r v 15
" " 29
W K 14
" •• 29
O 11
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
Mean
Time.
Slow and
Fast.
MOON
IN
ME-
RID-
IAN.
Eve.
1030
.
Iowa, Neb., Wyo.
Ore., N.Mo., Oliio
Pa., N. J., Mass.
Conn., R. I.
Sun
rises.
544
543
541
539
537
535
533
531
529
527
Sun
626
627
628
633
634
635
654
Moon
sets
and
rises.
ht. L*>uis, S. Mo.,
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Okla., Col., Utah
Cal.. Ky., Va.,
Md., Del.
Sun
rises.
H. M
545
543
5 4 '2
540
539
537
536
534
533
531
529
528
526
525
523
522
521
519
I If
5 16
515
514
513
511
5 9
5 7
5 6
5 4
5 3
Sun
627
633
Moon
sets
«t. i'aul, Mich.,
>Vis., Minn.,N.D.,
S D.. Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
X. Y., Vt.. N. H.
Sun
540
538
586
534
53-2
530
528
526
524
523
521
519
518
517
5 15
513
11
i?
1 1
5 0
459
458
457
456
454
452
450
Sun
628
629
630
631
637
639
640
641
642
643
645
646
647
648
649
651
657
668
659
7 0
7 1
Moon
seta
rises.
rise
10 6
1058
1147
morn
32
1 11
147
218
346
4 IS
447
sets
918
morn
58
135
2 6
238
§3?
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
19
5Full Moon, 2d.
[Last Quar., llth.
5th Mouth. MAY, 1920. 31 Days.
?New Moon, 18th.
First Quar.. 24th.
PS
H
Iowa, Neb., Wyo.,
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
vVis., Minn.,N.D.,
K
H
H
1
DAY
OF
MOON'S
PLACE
7 P.M.
E. S.T,
SUN AT
NOON
MAHK.
MOON
IN
ME-
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
Okla., Col., Utah
Cal., Ky., Va.,
Md.. Del.
S D Mont , N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
O
S
WEEK.
RID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
H
<
£j
ii
e ^ hi
Mean
Time.
IAN.
Sun
rises.
Sun
sets.
sets
and
Sun
rises.
Sun
sets.
sets
and
Sun
rises.
Sun
sets.
sets
and
O
d
Q
S G §7
Fast.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
^ ^
O GQ G
H. M. S.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
122
245
1
Saturday
HP ^29
11 57 1
1116
456
658
4 5
5 2
4 7
449
7 6
358
123
244
2
SUNDAY
— TTl 1 1
11 56 54
morn
455
659
rises
5 1
6 52
rises
448
7 6
rises
124
IP
243
242
241
3
4
5
Monday..
Tuesday .
Wednes..
" "24
m r 5
1 1 56 47
11 56 41
11 56 35
3
50
139
454
453
452
?i
7 3
in
929
5 0
459
458
654
635
446
444
443
y
240
6
Thursday
" "29
1 1 56 30
227
450
7 4
1015
457
656
1011
442
711
1029
128
239
7
Friday....
* 3511
11 56 26
813
449
7 6
1057
456
667
1053
440
1110
129
238
Saturday
" "23
11 5(5 22
4 2
448
7 6
1132
455
668
11 29
4:;9
713
1142
330
237
Q
SUNDAY
* • 6
11 56 19
448
446
7 7
morn
454
659
morn
438
714
morn
131
236
10
Monday ..
" "17
11 56 16
534
445
453
7 0
7
437
716
19
132
235
11
Tuesday..
" "30
11 56 14
619
444
7 9
41
452
39
436
7 17
48
133
234
12
Wednes..
- X 13
11 56 13
7 5
442
710
113
451
7 1
111
435
116
134
135
233
232
13
14
Thursday
Friday....
X T10
11 56 12
31 56 11
751
840
441
440
711
712
143
215
450
449
7 3
143
216
434
432
720
iti
136
231
15
Saturday.
" "24
11 56 12
931
439
713
249
448
7 8
250
431
721
244
137
16
SUNDAY
T tf 8
11 56 13
1025
438
714
326
448
7 4
329
4*0
723
318
138
229
17
Monday ..
" "23
11 66 15
11 24
437
715
412
447
7 6
415
429
724
4 1
139
18
Tuesday
V M 8
11 56 Hi
ev.28
436
716
sets
446
7 6
sets
428
725
sets
140
L' " 7
19
Wednes..
" "23
J 1 56 19
128
435
717
4 15
7 7
852
427
726
910
141
*>2B
20
Thursday
K ® 8
3 1 56 22
230
434
718
9 55
444
7 8
426
10 8
142
225
21
Friday. ..
" " 23
3 1 56 29
330
434
719
10 44
444
7 9
10 40
425
728
143
224
Saturday
® 0 7
1 1 56 30
427
433
720
1 1 26
443
710
1123
424
7 29
11 84
144
223
OQ
SUNDAY
" "21
11 66 34
620
432
721
morn
443
711
morn
423
730
morn
145
222
24
Monday ..
£? TIP 5
11 56 40
6 9
431
4
442
712
2
422
731
146
147
221
220
25
26
Tuesday..
Wednes..
" "18
np « 1
1 1 56 45
11 56 51
667
430
429
724
138
442
441
718
7 8
36
1 9
421
420
732
734
i3!
148
219
27
Thursday
" "14
1 1 56 58
8 28
428
725
138
441
7 4
139
419
735
1 35
149
218
28
Friday....
" "26
11 57 5
9 14
427
726
440
7 5
2 10
4 18
736
2 2
150
217
29
Saturday
«= m 8
11 57 12
10 0
426
727
O 4Q
439
7 6
243
417
737
231
151
216
30
SUNDAY
- "20
11 57 20
1047
426
728
315
439
7 7
319
416
738
3 4
152
215
31 (Monday ..
m f 2
11 57 29
1135
4.26
729
353
438
7 7
3 58
A Ifi
7 39
3 40
)Full Moon, 1st.
[Last Quar., 9th.
6th Month. JUNE, 1920. 30 Days.
fNew Moon, 16th.
First Quar.. 23d.
New York, Chicago,
St. Paul, Mich.,
K
K
1 MONTI
DAT
OP
MOON'S
PLACE
7 P. M.
E. S.T.
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
MOON
IN
ME-
owa, Neb., Wyo.,
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Moss.,
Conn., R. I.
S.'lll., Ind./Kas!!
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal.. Ky., Va.,
Md.. Del.
Wis., Minn.,N.D.,
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
0
1-1
m
WEEK.
Mean
RID-
M oon
Moon
Moon
cc
Time.
IAN.
Sun
Sun
Sun
Sun
81! Yl
53
'^
*
a ^ U
Fast and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
nn
sets.
rises
and
c
G
G
o —« ^
Slow.
Morn.
sets.
sets.
sets.
O W Q
H. M. 8.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H.M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
153
154
214
213
1
2
Tuesday..
Wednes..
m f 14
- -26
11 57 38
11 57 47
morn
23
425
425
729
730
rises
813
438
438
718
719
rises
8 8
415
4 15
740
741
rises
826
155
156
212
211
3
4
Thursday.
Friday....
* * 8
•• "20
11 57 56
11 58 6
111
158
4 25 •
425
730
731
856
936
438
437
719
720
III
414
4 14
741
742
910
947
157
210
5
Saturday
« - 2
11 58 16
245
424
731
1010
437
720
10 7
414
742
158
159
160
207
6
7
8
SUNDAY
Monday ..
Tuesday..
" " 14
- X 9
3 1 58 27
11 58 38
11 58 49
331
4 J5
5 0
424
424
424
782
733
733
1042
1112
1142
437
437
436
721
721
722
1040
11 11
11 42
413
413
4 13
743
743
744
11 44
161
20 ii
9
Wednes..
" "21
11 59 1
545
423
734
morn
436
722
morn
4 13
744
morn
162
205
10
Thursday
X T 4
11 59 12
631
423
734
13
436
723
14
412
7 45
12
163
204
11
Friday....
" "18
11 59 25
719
423
44
436
724
45
412
746
40
164
203
12
Saturday
T V 2
11 59 37
811
436
724
123
412
747
165
202
13
SUNDAY
" "16
11 59 49
9 6
423
2 o
436
725
2 3
412
747
1 50
166
201
14
Monday.
V H 1
12 0 2
10 4
423
737
245
436
7 25
249
4 12
748
233
167
200
15
Tuesday
" "16
12 0 15
11 7
423
738
341
436
725
346
4 12
749
3 28
188
199
16
Wednes.
H ® 2
12 0 28
ev.10
423
738
sets
436
726
sets
412
7 50
sets
169
170
198
197
17
18
Thursday
Friday...
® a 2
12 0 41
12 0 54
113
21
739
739
832
929
726
726
82P.
926
412
412
760
751
in
171
196
19
Saturday
" "17
12 1 7
3 10
423
739
10 0
436
9 58
4 12
751
10 7
172
195
20
SUNDAY
Q np l
12 1 20
4 3
423
739
1037
436
7 26
10 36
4 12
751
1041
173
194
21
Monday ..
" " 14
12 1 33
453
424
740
1110
436
726
11 10
4 12
761
11 11
174
193
22
Tuesday..
" •• 28
540
424
740
1141
437
727
1142
413
761
11 39
$
192
191
190
23
2!
Wednes..
Thursday
Friday....
•DP = 11
" " 23
<= m 5
12 2 24
626
758
424
424
424
740
morn
42
437
437
437
727
727
727
morn
13
46
413
413
4 13
7 51
morn
6
36
178
189
26
Saturday.
" " 17
12 2 37
845
425
7 40
1 16
438
727
1 20
4 13
1 6
179
27
SUNDAY
" " 29
12 2 49
932
425
740
154
438
4 14
7 51
187
28
Monday..
m r 31
1020
425
740
234
438
7 27
O QQ
414
7 51
2 20
182
185
Tuesday..
Wednes ..
" " 23
gyLj
12 8 14
12 3 26
m
740
740
318
4 6
439
440
727
727
323
4 11
414
415
751
751
y
20
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
JULY> 192°- 31Days-
•»»•"»• AUGUST, 1920.
jj
S
g
dOON'S
owa, Neb., Wyo..
. 111., Ind., Kas..
Wis., Minn.,N.D.,
b
a
H
g
a
DAY
OF
PLACE
7 P. M.
E. S. T.
SUNAT
NOON
MARK.
MOON
IN
ME-
re., N.Mo., Ohio,
a., N. J., Mass..
Conn., R. I.
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
Md.. Del.
S. D., Mont., N.
daho, Wash., N.
V. Y., Vt., N. H.
0
05
c
WEEK
M'ean
RID-
IAN
Moon
Moon
Moon
M
««
*
• a ti
Time.
ises.
sets.
rises
and
ises.
sets.
rises
and
Sun
ises.
Sun
sets.
rises
and
Q
Q
G
451
Slow.
Morn.
sets.
sets.
sets.
214
215
153
[52
1
2
SUNDAY
Monday...
O 02 H
- X 2
" " 15
3. M. 8.
12 6 8
12 6 4
57
1 42
153
H. M.
719
7 18
H. M.
31?
H. M.
5 2
H. M.
H. M.
749
820
H. M.
443
444
H M.
729
727
H. M.
21!
216
151
3
Tuesday..
" " 28
12 6 0
2 27
454
851
5 3
7 8
852
445
725
850
217
150
4
Wednes..
X T 11
12 5 54
313
454
7 16
922
5 4
7 7
923
446
724
218
149
5
Thursday
.. .. 24
4 0
4 r>5
715
957
5 5
7 6
959
447
9 50
219
148
6
<'riday ....
T V 7
12 5 42
450
4 56
714
5 6
7 5
1038
449
*7 20
10 24
220
221
147
146
145
7
8
9
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Monday ..
" " 21
V K 5
" " 20
12 5 2F
12 5 20
542
637
736
457
n
713
712
7 10
morn
8?
5 8
7 4
7 3
7 2
11 22
morn
15
4 50
451
4 53
551
11 6
11 57
morn
OOJ-3
144
10
Tuesday..
K ® 4
12 5 11
836
5 I
7 9
1 9
5 9
7 1
113
454
715
57
224
143
11
Wednes .
" " 19
12 4 2
937
5 2
7 7
214
510
7 0
2 19
455
714
2 1
225
226
142
141
12
13
Thursday
Friday....
® a 4
" " 19
12 4 52
12 4 42
10 36
31 34
5 3
5 4
7 5
435
511
512
659
657
326
438
456
458
713
311
427
227
228
140
139
14
15
Saturday
SUNDAY
" " 18
12 4 31
12 4 ?0
ev.28
121
5 5
5 6
7 4
7 3
sets
737
5 13
5 14
655
654
sets
737
459
5 0
7 9
sets
738
229
138
16
Monday .
TCP — 1
12 4 8
211
5 7
7 2
515
653
813
5 2
7 8
810
230
137
17
Tuesday.
K „ 15
12 3 56
3 0
5 8
7 1
8 45
516
651
846
5 3
7 6
840
231
18
Wednes.
" " 28
12 3 43
348
5 9
659
918
516
650
5 4
7 4
910
232
}|{
19
Thursday
,? $ ?s
12 3 2!
435
510
657
952
517
649
9 55
7 2
942
134
20
Friday ..
523
511
655
1031
518
1035
5 6
7 1
1019
23-
133
21
Saturdav
m * £
12 3
611
512
653
11 13
519
6 46
1117
5 7
7 0
1059
235
132
9 '_
SUNDAY
" "17
12 2 46
659
5 13
6 51
11 59
520
6 44
morn
5 8
658
11 45
236
131
*">;:
Monday.
" " 28
12 2 30
7 47
5 14
6 50
morn
521
6 43
3
5 9
morn
237
130
24
Tuesday.
f * 10
12 2 15
83'
515
649
47
522
642
52
510
6 54
34
0 P
Wednes.
" " 22
12 1 58
92]
5.16
647
140
5 23
640
144
5 11
652
128
939
128
H'-
Thursda
•C - 4
12 1 4:
10 1
517
645
236
524
639
240
512
650
225
241
I2
28
Friday. .
Saturdav
" " 17
" " 29
Hit
518
520
6-44
6 43
334
434
525
526
337
436
5 14
516
648
III
242 12
29
SUNDAY
- X 12
204!
rises
521
6 41
rises
527
6 35
rises
517
6 45
rises
243 12
244 12
30
31
Monday.
! Tuesday
" " 25
X T 3
12 0 3
12 0 1
1??
522
523
639
6 38
654
726
5 28
528
634
1 633
654
7.07
518
519
641
653
722
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
21
'Last
JNew
ilth. 9th Month- SEPTEMBER, 1 920. so Days.
(First Quar., 19th.
)Full Moon, 27th.
•
S
Iowa, Net)., Wyo..
S. 111., Itid., Kas.,
Wis., Miun.,N.DM
H
m
H
g
£
DAT
OP
MOON'S
PI,ACE
7 P. M.
E. S. T.
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
MOON
IN
ME-
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass..
Conn., R. I.
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
Md., Del.
S. D., Mont., N.
daho, Wash., N.
N*. Y., Vt.. N. H.
o
"
O
WEEK.
B1I>
Moon
Moon
Moon
IH
F3
Mean
IAN.
Sun
Sun
rises
Sun
Sun
rises
Son
Sun
risesj
2
^
«j
a ** fct
Time.
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and.
ises.
sets.
and
Q
Q
Q
Fast.
Morn.
sets.
seta.
sets.
(-> 02 Q
H. M. S.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
245
246
247
122
121
12(1
119
118
1
2
3
4
5
Wednes..
Thursday
Friday....
Saturda^.
SUNDAY
X T21
T tf 4
" "18
" "16
1 1 59 54
11 59 35
1 1 59 15
1 1 58 56
1 1 58 36
158
Ul
433
529
524
525
526
527
528
ill
632
630
629
§3?
i?1!
11 1
529
529
530
531
532
632
630
11?
625
8 2
839
922
i? ll
520
521
5 23
5 24
525
639
753
827
250
117
G
Monday..
" " 30
11 58 16
628
529
627
morn
5 33
623
morn
5 26
6 30
1147
251
111)
7
Tuesday..
V. ©14
1 1 57 56
726
530
1
534
622
5
528
6 28
morn
252
115
8
Wednes..
.. «. ^Q
1 I 57 35
8 24
531
6 24
1 7
5 35
621
1 11
529
6 26
56
253
114
9
Thursday
© 013
11 57 15
921
532
6 22
.216
5 36
619
219
530
624
2 7
254
113
10
Friday....
" "28
1 1 5 ! 64
1016
533
620
326
537
328
531
320
255
112
Saturday
J 1 56 33
11 8
534
618
434
5 37
615
436
532
6 20
431
M6
111
12
SUNDAY
" "26
11 56 12
1159
535
616
543
538
6 14
543
5 33
618
542
7
110
13
Monday..
TPP =^10
11 55 61
ev.49
536
614
sets
539
6 13
sets
534
6 IV
sets
258
109
14
Tuesday..
" ** °3
1 1 55 30
138
537
714
540
6 12
716
535
615
7 8
259
108
15
Wednes..
— Ti 6
11 55 9
226
538
ill
749
541
610
752
536
613
740
260
107
1(3
Thursday
" " 18
1 1 54 48
315
539
9
837
542
6 8
537
611
261
10C,
17
Friday....
m /• i
1 L 54 27
4 3
541
9 8
543
6 6
9 12
539
6 9
8 55
262
105
Saturday
" "13
11 54 6
452
542
Q
952
544
9 57
541
6 7
9 39
263
104
19
SUNDAY
41 ** 24
1 1 53 44
540
543
4
1040
545
!3
10 45
542
6 5
1027
264
103
20
Monday.
* -5 6
1 1 53 23
628
544
2
1133
54*5
1
11 37
5 4:?
1120
§5
(i
102
101
21
22
Tuesday
Wednes.
" "18
" "30
11 63 2
1 1 52 41
715
8 1
545
546
6 0
559
morn
27
547
547
59
morn
31
544
54G
6 0
morn
7
100
23
Thursday
•C -12
11 52 20
547
558
122
548
57
125
547
558
113
268
269
270
99
98
97
24
i
Friday...
Saturday
SUNDAY
" "25
- X 7
.. ,,2o
11 51 69
11 51 39
11 51 18
10 ?i
548
549
550
556
554
552
210
321
421
549
550
551
56
553
551
2 13
322
421
548
549
5fiO
556
554
552
2 3
316
419
271
9(5
27
Monday.
X T 4
1 1 50 6-4
11 52
551
5 1 3
552
550
5 22
55->
550
524
272
95
28
Tuesday.
" "17
1 1 50 38
morn
552
5 49
rises
553
rises
5 53
548
rises
273
9 i
29
Wednes..
T V I
11 50 18
42
r. r>:i
5 4*7
627
5 54
5 47
639
5 54
619
274 93 °n
n <i9 r^
1 5 r. t
545
717
5 55
7rl
5 55
o?7 7
CLast Qi
©New Mo
10th Month. OCTOBER, 1920, 31 Days.
(First Quar., 19th.
)Full Moon, 27th.
p;
<)
fa
PS
ti
H
X
MONTH.])
DAT
OP
MOON'S
PLACE
7 P. M.
E. S. T.
SUN AT
NOON
MAHK.
MOON
IN
M fi-
Mew York, Chicago,
Iowa, Nob., Wvo..
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio.
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
St. Louis. S. Mo.,
S. 111., Ind., Kits.,
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal.. Kv.. Va., •
Md.. Del.
St. Paul, Mich.,
Wis., Minn.,N.D.,
S. D., Mont., N.
Idnlio, Wash., N.
N. Y.. Vt., N. H.
o
0
WEEK.
ll Il>
Moon
Moon
Moon
«!
2
Mean
IAN.
Sun
Sim
rises
Sun
Sun
i-i: es
Sun
Sun
rises
^4
*A
^
a P *;
Time.
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and ;
Q
Q
Q
o .« £
Fast.
Morn.
sots.
8>tS.
sets.
U 02 Q
H. M. S.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. .M.
H. M.
H.
H. M.
n M
H. M.
H. M.
275
0°
1
Friday....
T tf°9
11 49 39
228
5 r.G
544
5 5(5
543
8 9
5 57
753
276
91
2
Saturday.
tf H13
1 1 49 tO
325
5 57
5 42
8 58
5 r.G
542
9 2
5 58
5 40
277
90
3
SUNDAY
" "27
11 49 1
423
5T8
9 f 6
."> 57
541
10 0
5 59
c on
9 42
£§
280
B9
88
4
5
G
Monday ..
Tuesday..
Wednes ..
K ©11
© fl 9
11 48 43
jl 48 25
11 48 7
521
G 19
715
11
li
11 "0
morn
558
559
0 0
11 4
morn
9
G 0
3 1
G 2
538
536
5 34
morn
281
H(>
Thursday
" "23
11 47 50
8 8
6 2
533
1 13
6 1
5 34
116
6 4
1 6
S'*>
O
Friday
1 1 47 53
9 0
6 3
532
220
6 2
533
222
G 5
5 80
216
283
84
q
Saturday
" "21
11 47 17
9 50
6 4
530
327
6 3
531
327
G G
5 °8
325
"*
10
SUNDAY
W = 5
11 47 1
1039
6 5
5 28
4 32
6 4
5 29
432
6 7
5 26
433
1 1
Monday..
" " 18
1 I 46 45
11 28
6 7
537
6 5
5 28
536
G 8
524
541
81
HO
12
J3
Tuesday.
Wednes..
••M
1 1 46 30
11 46 1G
ev.17
1 5
6 8
6 9
ill
sets
622
if
5 27
526
sets
625
G10
6 1 2
522
520
sets
288
79
14
Thursday
" "26
1 1 4G 2
154
G10
521
7 2
6 8
524
7 6
(5 1 3
519
6 50
289
78
15
Friday....
m * 8
11 45 49
243
Gil
519
746
6 9
523
750
G 14
517
rf go
290
77
1*3
Saturday.
" "20
11 45 3G
332
612
518
832
610
522
837
516
819
291
7(5
17
SUNDAY.
if « 2
11 45 24
420
(5 1 3
517
95>3
Gil
520
927
617
514
910
M
18
19
Monday...
Tuesday..
\ "14
1 1 45 12
11 45 1
5 8
554
Gl t
G 15
516
515
1017
11 11
612
G13
519
5 18
1021
11 14
G 18
G 19
512
5 10
294
73
20
Wednes...
^ *"Q
11 44 51
639
GIG
513
morn
514
5 17
morn
G21
5 8
12 0
295
72
21
Thursday
" "20
11 44 41
724
G18
511
8
us
516
10
G 22
5 7
morn
29(5
71
22
Friday....
- X 3
11 44 32
8 9
(519
5 9
1 5
516
514
1 G
G24
5 5
59
70
23
Sat nrclnv
" " 15
11 44 23
855
(521
5 7
2 6
516
512
2 7
G 25
5 3
2 3
298
C>9
24
SUNDAY
" "28
11 44 15
942
(522
5 6
3 6
5 17
511
3 7
G27
3 6
299
(58
25
Monday..
X T12
11 44 8
1031
624
5 4
4 9
G18
510
4 9
(528
5 1
412
300
G7
2(5
Tuesday .
" " 26
11 44 2
1123
(5 25
5 2
513
(519
5 8
5 12
G30
4 59
518
301
(5G
27
Wedres...
T V10
11 43 5i>
morn
6 2(5
5 1
rises
(520
5 7
rises
(531
457
rises
302
G5
28
Thursday
» •• 24
11 43 61
17
627
5 0
558
G 21
5 6
6 2
(i H2
455
547
64
29
Friday....
V K 8
11 43 47
1 15
G28
459
650
622
5 5
654
() "•**•?
454
637
305
(53
(52
Saturday
SUNDAY
V ®*"7
11 43 44
11 43 41
2 14
3 14
(529
G30
458
457
749
853
G 23
G24
u
7 53
857
634
III
22
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
<$:««> «»>«>• NOVEMBER, 1920.
31D
311
312
313
317
318
53
52
)16 51
50
30 37
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
•Mean
Time.
Fast,
Jil **«) -»V7
11 43 43
11 43 46
J. J. *tu «*«
11 46 49
1147 7
1 1 47 26
11 47 45
11 48 5
1 1 4« 26
11 48 48
MOON
IN
ME-
RID-
IAN.
Morn.
Iowa, Neb.. Wyo.,
Qre., N.Mo., Ohio.
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
Sun
Sun
438
438
437
437
432
and
1054
1151
rises
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Okla., Col., Utah
Cal., Ky., Va.,
Md., Del.
Moon
Sun Sun rises
rises, sets, and
33
or. ram, Mich.,
Vis., Minn.,N.D.,
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
NT. Y., Vt., N. H.
Sun
rises,
Sun
a. M.
449
443
442
436
435
434
431
430
430
429
426
426
425
424
421
4 21
Moon
rises
and
sets.
H. M.
948
10 68
morn
222
329
435
538
641
? a
851
rffi
m°r5no
152
257
515
626
rises
624
732
845
957
SSS:
DECEMBER, 1920. 3u,ay,
3
w
fe
1 MONTH.
DAT-
OF
MOON'S
PLACE
7 P. M.
E. S. T.
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
MOON
IN
ME-
owa, Neb., Wvo.,
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
St. Louis, is. Mo.,
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Kj'., Va.,
Md., Del.
St. Paul, Mich.,
Wis., JMinn.,N.D.,
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
o
w
•
0
WEEK.
Mean
RID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
»^
P3
Time.
IAN.
Sun
Sun
rises.
Sun
Sun
rises
Sun
Sun
rises.
•4
^
Jj
a P fci
Fast and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
Q
Q
Q
III
slow.
Morn.
sets.
sets.
sets.
O 02 W
H. M. 8.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
836
SI
1
Wednes..
f) TIP 1
11 49 10
453
7 7
431
1110
657
441
1111
716
421
11 6
:>Q
Thursday
'• ifc 14
11 49 33
544
7 8
430
morn
0 58
441
morn
717
420
morn
33!**
29
g
Friday....
44 4I 28
11 49 56
633
7 9
430
16
659
441
16
7 18
4 20
15
goc
28
4
Saturday.
rip - 11
1 1 50 20
721
710
430
120
7 0
441
119
7 19
122
84(
27
5
SUNDAY
44 " 24
11 50 45
8 8
711
429
222
7 1
441
220
720
4 19
341
2(5
MLonday..
* HI 6
11 51 11
855
7 1'J
3 23
7 2
441
321
7 22
419
o o-J
842
25
Y
Tuesday..
" " 19
11 51 36
943
713
4 29
423
7 3
441
420
723
4 19
433
24
Q
Wednes..
HI 7*1 1
11 52 3
1031
7 14
4 29
522
7 4
441
518
724
4 19
533
344
23
q
Thursday
" " 13
11 52 30
1120
715
429
617
7 5
441
6 12
725
4 19
630
22
10
Friday....
" " 25
11 52 57
ev. 8
716
429
sets
7 6
441
sets
4 19
sets
847
I,1,
11
12
Saturdav.
SUNDAY
.? £ 7
11 53 25
11 53 53
56
144
717
718
429
429
5 59
653
7 6
7 7
441
441
6 4
657
728
419
419
ill
348
19
18
Monday..
* - I
11 54 21
230
719
429
7 50
7 8
442
753
729
419
740
18
17
14
15
Tuesday..
Wednes..
44 " 13
44 " 24
1 1 54 50
11 55 19
314
358
7 20
721
429
430
844
942
442
442
II!
730
7 "1
420
420
836
9 37
OKI
1(5
1(5
Thursday
- X 7
1 1 55 48
442
721
430
1040
710
443
1041
420
10 37
35r
15
17
Friday....
" " 19
1 1 56 17
525
721
430
1137
710
443
11 37
732
4 20
1137
353
14
18
Saturdav
K T 1
1 1 56 47
610
722
431
morn
711
morn
733
421
morn
354
18
19
SUNDAY
" " 14
11 57 17
657
7 '/2
431
36
712
4 44
88
734
421
39
355
12
20
Monday. .
•' " 28
11 57 46
728
1 39
712
444
138
734
421
144
356
11
"1
Tuesday.
T V 11
11 58 16
8 39
724
4 32
243
713
444
241
735
4 22
2 51
357
10
22
Wednes..
44 44 26
1 1 58 46
936
724
433
3 10
713
445
336
735
350
358
9
23
Thursday
V K 10
11 59 16
1037
724
434
454
714
445
4 HO
73(5
4 23
5 7
359
S
24
Friday...
44 " 25
11 59 46
1140
725
434
6 3
714
446
558
736
424
616
360
7
25
Saturday
H © 11
12 0 15
morn
725
435
rises
714
446
rises
737
425
rises
6
26
SUNDAY
44 " 26
12 0 45
43
726
632
7 15
447
636
737
426
621
JJH:'
364
36fi
5
4
8
2
27
2S
29
30
Monday.
Tuesday
Wednes .
Thursday
© i? 11
" '• o<;
fllTP 10
" " 24
12 1 15
}% in
12 2 42
144
242
3?7
428
11
438
438
if*
10 3
11 11
715
715
716
7 in
448
449
450
451
747
,§5i
11 10
737
738
738
739
4 26
427
428
429
737
851
ttii
366
1
31 iFriday..:
HP - 8
12 3 11
5 IS
728
4 39
morn
71'-
451
morn
7 39
429
morn
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CALENDARS FOR THE YEARS 1921 TO 1924.
1921.
1922.
1923.
1924.
JAN...
sl
02 «<
03
i
1
i
-w
JAN...
FEB...
MAR...
APRIL
MAY...
JUNE..
JULY..
AUG...
SEPT..
OCT....
NOV...
DEC....
1
i
1
1
1
i
I
JAN....
FEB...
MAR...
APRIL
MAY...
JUNE..
JULY..
AUG...
SEPT..
OCT....
c
=
1
III
t
£
S
JAN...
|
c
c
I
1
^
3 ^
H fc
'2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
'4
11
13
25
1
8
15
22
'5
12
19
26
2
9
i
13
20
27
3
10
17
24
14
21
28
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
29
,1
19
26
1
8
15
22
29
5
12
19
26
'5
12
19
26
2
c
16
23
30
'i
14
21
•28
2
9
it;
3
13
20
27
6
IS
20
27
'.3
10
17
24
3
10
17
24
31
'7
14
21
28
14
21
23
'4
11
18
25
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
8
15
22
29
'5
19
26
5
12
19
26
2
9
it;
23
2
9
16
2:;
30
'6
13
20
27
6
13
S~
3
10
17
24
3
10
17
24
31
'7
14
21
28
7
14
21
28
4
11
18
25
4
11
18
25
1
8
11
29
'f
14
21
28
4
11
18
25
'i
11
1
1
8
15
22
29
'6
13
?,
'3
10
17
24
8
15
22
29
'5
12
S
1
8
15
22
29
12
19
26
'5
12
19
26
2
9
16
23
30
'7
14
21
28
'4
11
18
25
2
9
16
23
30
'fj
13
20
27
i
it;
23
30
6
13
20
27
Y;
13
20
27
3
10
17
24
1
8
15
22
29
'5
12
19
26
3
10
17
24
31
14
21
28
3
10
17
24
31
'7
14
21
28
14
21
28
4
11
Is
25
2
9
16
23
30
'fj
13
30
27
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
•22
29
4
11
is
25
1
8
15
22
5
12
19
26
2
9
16
23
6
13
20
27
,1
17
24
1
S
15
22
29
2
9
16
23
oO
3 4
10 11
17 18
2425
31 ..
FEB...
1
7
14
21
28
FEB...
MAR...
APRIL.
MAY...
JUNE..
JULY..
AUG...
SEPT..
OCT
6
13
•20
27
'6
13
27
'3
10
17
24
15
22
29
,1
19
26
1C
11
31
!4
21
28
'4
11
18
25
7
14
21
28
'f
14
21
28
'4
11
is
25
2
q
16
23
30
Yi
13
20
27
'4
11
18
25
1
8
15
1
'5
12
I'.t
26
MAR...
APRIL
MAY..
JUNE.
JULY..
AUG...
SEPT..
OCT
3
10
17
24
16
2:1
30
'6
13
20
27
'4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
29
'fj
20
27
10
17
24
31
'7
14
21
28
4
11
18
25
'3
10
17
24
31
'f
14
21
28
'5
12
19
26
2
9
it;
23
30
'7
14
21
28
'4
11
IS
25
8
15
22
29
5
12
19
26
'4
11
Is
25
6
13
20
27
'b
12
19
26
14 15
2122
2829
*6 '7
13 14
2021
2728
1
8
15
22
29
5
12
19
26
3
10
17
24
31
'7
14
21
28
5
12
19
26
2
9
16
23
30
2
9
16
23
30
6
13
20
27
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
-a
29
6
13
•20
27
3
10
11
31
!?
24
31
7
14
21
28
5
12
19
26
2
9
16
23
30
7
14
21
28
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
29
1
8
15
2-2
29
12
19
26
H
17
24
31
14
21
28
12
19
2f
2
i!!
&
'(5
13
20
27
2
9
16
23
30
Y;
13
2(1
27
4
11
18
25
1
8
I:'.
22
29
Y?
13
2(1
27
3
10
17
24
31
'7
14
21
28
3
10
17
24
31
14
21
28
5
12
19
26
2
9
16
23
30
'7
14
21
28
4
11
IS
25
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
29
6
13
20
27
10
1?
24
1
8
15
22
29
5
12
19
26
5
12
26
2
9
16
23
30
7
14
21
28
4
11
18
25
1
16
23
30
6
13
20
27
1
8
15
22
29
'fj
13
20
27
3
10
17
24
1
8
15
22
29
'5
12
19
26
2
9
16
23
30
7
14
21
28
4
11
18
'25
2
9
16
23
30
Y;
13
20
27
3 4
10 11
17 18
2425
1 2
8 9
1516
•2223
2930
iSi!
1920
2627
10 11
17 18
2425
31 ..
. 1
7 8
14 15
2122
2829
1
1
29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
1
8
15
2-2
29
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
1
8
15
22
29
4
11
18
25
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
14
21
28
f
If
23
30
Ic
20
27
'3
10
17
24
1
8
15
->2
29
3
10
17
24
31
'7
14
21
28
'4
11
18
25
2
9
it;
23
30
4
11
18
25
5
1?
26
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
1
8
M
29
'5
12
19
26
3
10
17
24
31
2
9
Hi
23
30
'6
13
20
27
4
11
IS
25
1
8
15
22
29
"e
13
r
3
10
17
24
31
14
21
28
5
12
19
26
2
9
i»;
Zi
30
7
u
2e
4
11
18
25
1
15
2-2
2i»
6
13
20
27
lii
17
24
1
8
15
1
5
12
19
26
2
9
it;
23
30
14
21
28
4
11
18
i6
2
9
it;
'S
30
1
8
15
22
21'
2
9
23
'30
!?
24
8
15
22
29
5
12
26
3
10
17
31
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
14
21
28
1
'30
3
10
17
24
4 5
11 12
18 19
25 26
1
8
15
29
'5
12
19
26
2
9
16
23
30
'(';
13
2(1
27
3
10
17
24
31
7
14
.'1
28
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
29
5
12
19
26
2
9
16
2:'.
oO
14
21
2s
6
13
20
27
3
10
17
24
1
h
15
29
1
8
15
22
29
2 3
910
16 17
2324
3031
NOV...
DEC....
2
16
23
ifl
Y;
13
.'ii
27
'i
11
%
3
10
17
24
31
14
21
28
'5
[2
26
4
11
18
25
1
S
K.
29
Y'',
1
5 6
1213
19 :.'(.)
2627
2 3
9 10
1617
2324
I
1415
21 22
2S •„".(
14
21
2S
4
11
25
2
9
it;
S
NOV...
DEC
1!
28
'i
ii
25
NOV
5
12
in
26
6
Ii;
27
14
21
28
5
12
19
26
*8
1(1
1
6
13
JO
'4
11
18
25
7
14
21
28
12
19
26
DEC...
2
9
16
2:;
30
14
21
28
3
10
17
24
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
6 7
13 14
2021
2728
1
S
I.')
•.'2
2;'
9
16
8
;o
!?
24
31
4 5
11 12
is 19
2526
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
|
4
11
Is
25
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
21
River. Miles.
Mississippi-Mo. . .4,194
Nile 3.670
Amazon 3,300
Ob 3,235
LONGEST RIVERS
River. Miles.
Yangtze 3,000
La Plata 2,930
Lena 2,860
Kongro 2,800
IN THE WORLD.
River. Miles.
Amur 2,700
Mekong- 2,600
Nigrer 2,600
Yenesei 2,500
River. Miles.
Volga 2,325
Hwangho 2.300
Yukon 2,050
Colorado 2.00O
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
A READY-REFERENCE CALENDAR,
For ascertaining any day of the week for any given time within two hundred years from the
introduction of the New Style. *1752 to 1952 inclusive.
YEARS 1753 TO 1952.
31 fa
i4 H 5 *> * «
1761
1801
1767
1807
1789
1829
1795
1835
1846
1874
14 19251
1885
1931 1
1891 4 7
19421
735
1362
W
1790
1330
1841
1847 1J
1869 1875
1915 I 1926
1897 5
1943|
14
247
1763
1814
1774
1825
1785
1831
1791
1842
1853
1870
1921
1881!
1898 62
1949
257
3 514
1765
1811
1771
1822
1782
1833
1793
1839
1861
1901 1907
1867
1918
1878
1929
1889
19351
158 £
5 13
6 14 7
1777
1823
1783
1834
1/94
1845
1851 1862
1902 I 1913
1873
1919
1879
1930
3 6
624
7251
1769
1815
1775
1826
1786
1837
1854 1865
1905 1911
1871
1922
1882
1933
1893
1939
73
361
4626
1759
1821
1770
1827
1787
184£
1866
1906
1877
1917
1894
1934
1900
1945
1951
4 7257 3 6
LEAP TEAKS.
.. 29
1764
1792
1928
|7|3|4|7|2|5|7|3|6IH4>6
1768 I 1796
1808 | 1836
1904 I 1932 |5|1|2|5|7|3|5| 1 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 4
1772 I
1812 I 1840
1908 I 1936 I 3 I 6 I 7 I 3 I 5 I 11 3 I 6 I 2 I 4 I 7 I 2
1776
I 1912 | 1940 IH4I5I1I3I6I1I4I7I 2 I 6 I 7
1780
1756 | 1784
1916 I 1944 |6|2|3|6|1|4|6|2I5|7|3|8
1760 | 1788
1824 | 1852 1880
1828 | 1856
I 1920 | 1948 |4|7|1|4|6|2| 4 | 7 I 8 | 5 I 1 I 8
1884
. . . . I 1924 | 1952 | 2 I 5 | 6 |2|4|7|2|5|1|3|6|1
Monday
Tuesday...
Wednesday 3 Thursday
Thursday . 4
Friday...
Saturday..
SUNDAY.
Monday. . .
Tuesday...
Friday
Saturday.,
SUNDAY .
Monday. . .
8 Tuesday...
Wednesday 10
Thursday .11
Friday.... 12
Saturday. .13
SUNDAY . 14
Monday.. .15
Tuesday ...16
Wednesday 17
Thursday . 18
Friday.... 19
Saturday.. 20
SUNDAY. 21
Tuesday... 1
Wednesday 2
Wednesday 9
Thursday
Friday. . .
Thursday . 17
Friday.. . .18
Saturday.. 19
SUNDAY . 20
Monday... 21
Monday. . . 22 Tuesday .. .22
Tuesday... 23 Wednesday23 Thursday .23
Wednesday24 Thursday . 24
Thursday .25 Friday. . . .25
Friday. ... 26 Saturday. .26
Saturday. .27 SUNDAY .27
SUNDAY. 28 Monday... 28
Monday... 29 Tuesday... 29
Tuesday.. .30, Wednesday30
Wednesdays 1 1 Thursday .31
3
Wednesday 1
Thursday
Friday
Saturday. ,
SUNDAY .
Monday.. .
Tuesday...
Wednesday 8
Thursday . 9 Friday. ... 9 | Saturday. . 9
Saturday.. 12
SUNDAY . 13
Monday... 14
Tuesday ...15
WednesdaylG Thursday .16
Friday 10
Saturday.. 11
SUNDAY . 12
Monday... 13
Tuesday... 14
Friday 17
Saturday.. 18
SUNDAY. 19
Monday.. .20
Tuesday. ..21
Wednesday22
Friday... .24
Saturday.. 25
SUNDAY. 26
Thursday . 1
Friday... . 2
Saturday.. 3
SUNDAY. 4
Monday. . . 5
Tuesday... 6
Wednesday 7
Thursday . 8
Friday.... 1
Saturday.. 2
SUNDAY. 3
Monday... 4
Tuesday... 5
Wednesday 6
Thursday . 7
Friday...
Saturday. .10 1 SUNDAY . 10
SUNDAY . 11 (Monday. . . 11
Monday. . . 12 JTuesday .. .12
Tuesday .. .13 \ Wednesday 13
Wednesdayl4 Thursday . 14
Wednesdayl5 Thursday . 15 Friday. ... 15
Friday. ... 16 ' Saturday. .16
Saturday.. 17 SUNDAY. 17
SUNDAY . 18 Monday. . . 18
Monday. . . 19 Tuesday .. .19
Tuesday... 20 ;Wednesday20
Wednesday21 Thursday .21
Thursday .22 Friday. . . .22
Friday. . . .23 Saturday. .23
Saturday.. 24 SUNDAY. 24
SUNDAY . 25 Monday. . . 25
Monday. . . 26 Tuesday .. .26
Monday.. . 27|Tuesday .. .27 Wednesday27
Tuesday .. .28 ' Wednesday28 Thursday . 28
Wednesday29 Thursday .29 Friday... .29
Thursday .30 Friday... .30 Saturday. .30
Friday. ... 31 Saturday. .31 SUNDAY . 31
Saturday.. 1
SUNDAY. 2
Monday. . . 3
Tuesday... 4
Wednesday 5
Thursday
Friday. . . .
Saturday. ,
SUNDAY ,
Monday. .
Tuesday... 11
Wednesdayl2 Thursday .1
Thursday . 13
Friday... .14
Saturday.. 15
SUNDAY . 16
Monday... 17
Tuesday. ..18
Wednesday 19
Thursday . 20
Friday.. . .21
Saturday.. 22
SUNDAY . 23
Monday.. .24
Tuesday... 25
Wednesday26
Thursday . 27
Friday.. . .28
SUNDAY. 1
Monday... 3
Tuesday... 3
Wednesday 4
Thursday . 6
Friday 0
Saturday.. 7
SUNDAY. 8
Monday. . . 9
Tuesday ...10
Wednesday 11
Friday 13
Saturday.. 14
SUNDAY . 15
Monday.. .16
Tuesday ...17
WednesdaylS
Thursday .19
Friday 20
Saturday.. 21
SUNDAY . 23
Monday... 23
Tuesday... 24
Wednesday25
Thursday . 26
Friday 27
Saturday.. 28
Saturday. .29 SUNDAY .2$
SUNDAY . 30 Monday. . . 30
Monday. . . 31 Tuesday .. .31
Note— To ascertain any day of the week
first look in the table for the year required
and under the months are figures which refer
to the corresponding figures at the head of
the columns of days below. For example:
To know on what day of the week July 4 was
in the year 1895, in the table of years look
for 1895. and in a parallel line, under July.
is figure 1. which directs to column 1. in
which it will be seen that July 4 falls on
Thursday.
*1752 same as 1772 from Jan. 1 to Sept. 2.
From Sept. 14 to Dec. 31 same as 1780
(Sept. 3-13 were omitted) .—This Calendar is
from Whitaker's London Almanack, with some
revisions.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
25
CHART OF THE HEAVENS.
Scale of Magnitudes.
Explanation : The chart of the heavens shows
all the bright stars and groups visible in the
United States. Canada. Cuba and Hawaii. Stars
of the third magnitude are sometimes shown
in order to complete a figure.
If a bright, uncharted body be seen near
the "ecliptic circle" it must be a planet. To
locate the planets or moon refer to the
monthly calendar pages in this almanac, find
the proper signs on the chart in the "ecliptic
circle" and an inspection of that part of the
heavens comparing- with the chart will serve
to identify the planet and all surrounding ob-
jects.
Because of the earth's motion from west to
east (opposite to the direction of the arrow
in the chart), the stars rise 4 m. earlier each
day or 30 m. per week or 2 hrs. a month.
The chart shows the position at 9 p. m. Then
if the position for any other hour be desired,
as for 7 p. m., oount ahead one month, or
back one month for 11 p. m.. and so on for
any hour of the night, holding the month de-
sired in front as the face looks either to the
north or south with name down.
A circle described from the zenith on the
"zenith circle" for the desired latitude with a
radius of 90 degrees (see graduated meridian)
will show what stars are above the horizon.
Thus Capella is near the overhead (zenith)
point on latitude 40 degrees north Jan. 15,
9 p. m.. as will be "big dipper" at 3 a. m.
Then from Capella or two stars all the sur-
rounding visible groups can be identified. The
"pointers," being 5 degrees apart and always
in sight, may be used as a convenient unit of
measure: also when visible, the "belt of
Orion." 3 degrees, or the sides of the "square
of Pegasus."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
POSITIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL, PLANETS, 1920.
DAT.
Jan. 1
21
Feb. 1
11
21
Mch. ]
1]
June2!
11
21
21
Oct. I*??
21
21
Dec. 1
11
VENTS. 9
Right
ascen-
sion.
Hours.
XV
xvi
XVI
xvuiji
¥1*
IV
IV*
XVII&
XVII1&
XV
xl
xx
North- South-
ern
states.
MARS.cJ1
XXI
Sets.
Morn.
344
9 4{
JlJPITER.a
Right
ascen-
sion.
Hours.
North
era
states
55
SATUKN.b
Right
ascen-
sion.
Hours.
15
Note^The column "Right ascension" shows
the position of the planet in the ecliptic as it
moves past the stars and corresponds to longi-
tude on the earth. Both must have a start-
ing- point and longitude is reckoned by general
•consent from Greenwich. England, while right
ascension is measured from the first point of
the sign Aries (constellation Pisces) which
the prime meridian of the heavens, connecting
the poles, passes through. The reader will see
these hours from 0 to 24 laid off and marked
by Roman letters, as in the above table, in the
outer space on the Chart of the Heavens.
Example: It is desired to locate Saturn on
the evening of June 11. By the above table
it will be seen that his right ascension at that
time is 1X^4 hours, which point on the chart
margin, when connected by a straight edge
with the north star, cuts the ecliptic circle
about 10 degrees west of the brilliant Regulus,
in the end of the handle of the Sickle in Leo,
which will, therefore, be just above Saturn.
POSITIONS OF PLANETS ON SUNDAYS OF EACH MONTH IN 1920.
PLANET.
Jan.
Feb.
March
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Venus. 1st Sunday
Con.
Con
Con.
•C
Con.
Con.
Con.
#
Con.
x
Con.
•
Con.
W
Con.
Con.
Tl
Con.
&
Mars, 2d Sunday
1TP
JP
•5
Jupiter, 3d Sunday
©
T
®
@
©
©
®
©
ft
ft
ft '
ft
Saturn. 4th Sunday .
0
ft
ft
ft
ft
0
ft
ft
ft
ft
Uranus, 5th Sunday
.
-
.
MOON'S POSITION WITH RESPECT TO THE EARTH AND SUN FOR 1920.
Perigee
4
l-'>8
24
21
19
IB
14
12
g
4-30
27
26
Apogee
It!
13
12
9
g
3-30
27
24
20
18
15
13
Highest o
3-30
27
25
21
19
15
12
g
5
2-30
26
24t
Lowesty
17
13
H
8
5
1-28*
26
22
19
16
12
10
Desc. node
3-29
25
23
20
17
13
11
6
3-30
27
94
?1
Asc. node
15
11
!)
6
3^iO
26
23
19
16
12
9
6
*Lowest of the entire year. fHighest of
the entire year. At the time of full moon
in December the moon will be 57 degrees
higher up from the southern horizon at its
meridian passage than it will be in June when
full. This great swing of our luminary of the
night is readily understood when we remember
that the full moon must always be on the op-
posite side of the earth from the sun, or just
180 degrees from the sun. Hence when the
sun is highest in June, that full moon which
falls nearest the summer solstice. June 28, will
be the lowest, which this year is June 5 or
July 5 and conversely at the winter solstice.
Of course, these conditions will be reversed
south of the equator. The difference in the
swing from lowest to highest may be 57 de-
grees, the inclination of the sun's apparent
path around the earth being 23% degrees,
which, being multiplied by two equals 47
degrees. Then, the inclination of the moon's
orbit to the ecliptic being about 5 degrees,
there may be 10 degrees more difference, or
57 degrees in all.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
SIDEREAL NOON OB MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF THE VERNAL EQUINOX.
For use in connection with star table. See note under same.
Day.
H.M
21..
22..
23..
24..
Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept.
H.M.
33
55
27
Oct.
Nov. Dec.
Note— Black figures are p.
subtract 2 minutes after that
m.; all
date.
others a. m. Add 2 minutes before Feb. 29 and
LIGHT AND DARK OF THE MOON IN 1930.
Explanation: The small divisions are of
three hours each and each month shows the
relative amount of moonlight in the 12
hours from 6 p. m. to 6 a. m. Allowance
should be made for the increase of days'
length in summer and decrease in winter
months. Thus: Jan. 1 the moon will shine
until 2:30 a. m.: all night on 5th; after
9 p. m. on 8th and 9th; after midnight on
12th and 13th; after 3 a. m. on loth and
not at all the 20th. Thus, by taking- note
where the "rising" or "setting" lines cross
28
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
the 9 p. m., 3 a. m. lines and intermediate
spaces it is possible to know the approximate
time of moon rising1 or setting1 for any date
at a glance without going to the calendar
page. Example: Jan. 26 the setting1 line
indicates that the moon will set along toward
11 p. m.
VISIBILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS, 1920.
Jupiter 17 Saturn
Morn £v« Morn I Eve
tar Star Star Star Star
Morn I Eve Morn
Star Star Star
Explanation: The light spaces show the latter part of June and first part of July;
approximate time and extent of visibility and, Juniter invisible in August and September,
with the superior planets, the degree of bril- rising- with the sun, and brightest (180 de-
liancy also. Thus Venus will be nearly three grees from the sun) the first of February, Bet-
hours west of the sun Jan. 1; invisible the i ting at sunrise — an all night star.
FACTS ABOUT THE
The sun's surface is 12,000 and its volume
1.300.000 times that of the earth, but the
mass is only 332,000 times as great and its
density about one-quarter that of the earth.
The force of gravity at the surface of the
sun is twenty-seven times greater than that
at the surface of the earth. The sun rotates
on its axis once in 25.3 days at the equator,
but the time is longer in the higher latitudes,
from which fact it is presumed that the sun
is not solid, at least as to its surface.
THE EARTH AND THE MOON.
Earth— The equatorial diameter of the earth
is 7.926.5 miles and the polar diameter 7.899.5
miles; equatorial circumference, 25.000. The
linear velocity of the rotation of the earth on
its axis at the equator is 24.840 miles a day,
or 1.440 feet a second: its velocity in its orbit
around the sun is approximately nineteen miles
a spcond. the length of the orbit being about
560.000.000 miles. The superficial area of the
earth, according to Encke, the astronomer, is
197.108.580 square miles, of which two-thirds
is water and one-third land. The planetary
mass is about 256,000.000 cubic miles.
SUN AND PLANETS.
Moon — The moon has a diameter of 2,162
miles, a circumference of about 6.800 miles
?nd a surface area of 14,685,000 square miles.
Her mean distance from the earth is 238.840
miles. The volume of the moon is about
l-49th that of the earth and the density about
3% that of water. The time from new moon
to new moon is 29 days 12 hours 44.05 min-
utes. The moon has no atmosphere and no
water and is a dead world.
Light travels at the rate of 186,300 milea
per second. It requires 8 minutes and 8 sec-
onds for light to come from the sun to the
earth.
Diameter,
miles.
Name.
Sun 866.400
Mercury 3.030
Venus 7.700
Earth 7.918
Mars 4.230
Jupiter 86.500
Saturn 73.000
Uranus 31.900
Neptune 34.800
Dist. from Period of
sun, miles, rev., days.
36,000.000
a 7.200. 000
2.900.000
141.500000
483.300 000
886.000 000
1.781,900.000
2.791.600,000
225
365
4- *W^
10>59
30.687
60,181
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
THE BRIGHTEST STARS.
NAME.
Constellation
or group.
Magni-
tude,
(v.: va-
riable.)
Right
ascension.
Sidereal
time.
Declina-
tion.
For upper
meridian
passage.
Mn. time.
For rising, subtract.
For setting, add.t
For
lat.
30° N.
For
lat.
40° N.
For
lat.
50° N.
2.1
1:1
!i,
2.2
2.3
2.2
H
1:!
2.2
2.1
2.1v
2.6
2.6 v
1.9
3.1
1.0
0.1
0.3
1.8
2.3
fcf
B
2.0
0.8
2.0
--1.4
1.5
11
|:I
i.'s
1.6 V
2.0
2.2
1.6
2.8
2.4
5:5
8:i
2.9
2.2
2.3
2.7
2.9
1.2
2.8
2.5
0.1
2.1
B
Ij
2.9
2.4
1.9
1.3
2.5
4.3
H. M.
0 4
8 i
0 21
0 35
0 39
?11
11?
1 34
1 50
1 58
2 2
2 14
11
3 18
3 42
4 31
5 10
5 10
5 21
5 27
5 32
6 36
5 43
5 50
5 53
6 22
6 33
6 41
6 55
7 29
7 35
7 40
8 12
9 23
10 4
10 42
10 58
11 M
12 30
13 20
13 20
13 57
14 12
14 33
14 46
14 51
15 31
15 40
16 0
16 24
16 26
17 64
1113
19 46
20 13
20 38
21 16
21 27
21 40
22 33
22 53
23 0
23 35
Deg. Min.
+28 86
+58 40
+14 41
-43 19
±88
+60 14
+59 46
+88 50
-57 41
+20 22
+41 54
+23 3
-3 26
+ 3 44
+40 37
+49 33
+23 50
+16 20
+45 55
+28 32
-0 22
— 1 15
-34 8
-9 42
+ 7 24
+44 56
^52 39
+16 29
—16 36
-28 51
+32 5
+ 5 27
+28 15
+ 9 28
— 8 16
+12 25
-59 13
+62 14
+15 4
-62 36
—22 54
+£5 22
-10 42
-59 56
+19 39
-60 28
15 40
H. M.
0 3
0 4
0 8
0 21
0 35
0 38
0 50
IS
1 24
1 34
1 49
1 57
2 1
2 13
2 56
3 0
3 18
3 41
4 29
6 9
5 9
5 19
5 26
5 30
5 35
5 42
5 49
5 51
6 21
6 31
6 40
6 54
7 27
7 33
7 38
8 10
9 21
10 1
10 39
10 56
11 42
12 19
12 27
13 18
13 18
14 9
14 30
14 43
14 48
15 28
15 37
15 67
16 20
16 23
17 51
18 30
18 46
19 43
20 9
20 35
21 12
21 23
21 36
21 58
22 48
22 56
23 31
H. M.
7 18
H. M.
7 52
H. M:
8 39
Caph
Algenlb
Cassiopeia
Pegasus..
6 39
3 51*
9 56
5 20
18.
7 18
4
Alpna..
Phoenix
Bcnedlr
Cassiopeia
Cetus (whale) .
Cassiopeia
Andromeda..
Cassiopeia
Ursa Minor...
Eridanus
Aries (ram) T .
Andromeda..
Aries T
Dlphda
4 63
"V'M
Gamma
7 37
8 29
9 *8
Polaris
Achernar
Bheratan . .
1 37*
6 54
8 0
7 1
5 54
6 12
Is!
7 3
8 28
5 45
7 18
6 2
6 1
4 30
5 42
6 22
8 22
2 46*
6 44
5 25
4 51
7 30
6 17
7 17
6 27
5 45
6 34
1 3*
7 14
9 21
7 26
5 51
6 13
9 10
7 52
Almaach
Hamel
1.?
6 20
Mlra
Menkar
Algol
Cetus .
Marfak
Perseus
Taurus (bull)^..
Taurus V
Auriga
"7"29'
6 68
10 14
5 31
7 62
6 2
6 1
3 37*
5 26
6 26
9^53
6*59
5 1
4 7
8 11
6 19
7 50
6 33
5 31
6 44
*
8 13
7 28
' '6 '27
8 49
6 3
6 1
283*
13
Aldebaran
Capella
Rigel
SI Nath
intaka
AINilam
Phaet
Orion
Orion
Columba (dove). .
Orion
Orion
Salph
Betelgeuse
Menkalina
Canopus
Alhena
Argus
Gemini (twins)M
Canis Major
Canis Major
Gemini H
)
7 27
!8
7 4
*
Sirius..
Adbara
Castor
Procvon ..
Canis Minor
Gemini H
Cancer (crab) 8.
Hydra
Pollux
Beta
Alphard .
Regulus .
Leo (lion) fl
Bta
Dubhe
Denebola
Leo P
6 41
1 0*
5 9
6^54
4 35
7^18
4 18
Acrux . ,
Southern Cross..
Corvus (crow)....
Ursa Major
Virgo (virgin) up
Centaurus
Beta....
Mizar
5 40
1 9*
6 42
0 52*
5 27
5 ,23
7 12
*
5 4
5 13
*
? 45
*
4 47
Agena ,
Arc t ur us . . .
Bengula .
Centaurus
Libra (scales) «*.
Ursa Minor
Northern Crown.
Serpent Bearer..
Scorpion ni
Alpha
Kochab... .
+74 31
,+ 6 42
-19 34
-26 14
+21 41
+51 30
+38 42
Alpha...,
7 13
6 20
5 16
4 58
6 58
9 8
7 52
4 58
6 24
5 35
8 22
7 44
6 23
4 54
4 20
7 20
8 84
6 35
4 24
3 43
7 57
Unuk
Beta
Antares
Rutilicus
Hercules
Etaruin
Vega
Lyra
8 54
4' 19
6 30
5 19
9 56
10 52
*3 38
6 45
4 56
Delta
Altair
Alpha
Sagittarius ;?....
Eagle
Capricorn^
8ygnus (swan)...
ephus
Aquarius -
—26 25
+ 8 38
—12 49
Deneb
Alderamin
Beta
+44 58
+62 13
+ 9 28
^47 24
-30 6
+14 44
+ 59
5 41
6 26
8 26*
4 46
6 39
6 16
5 43
6 33
1 21*
4 0
6 52
6 17
5 85
6 ,50
3 11
7 18
6 28
Bni,...
Alpha
The Crane
Pisces Australia.
Pegasus
Pisc« s x
Fomalhaut
Markab
Iota
Explanation: By the absolute scale of mag-
nitudes stars brighter than Aldebaran and
Altair are indicated by fractional or negative
quantities: thus Vega 0.2 and Sirius —1.4.
As the magnitudes increase the brilliancy de-
creases, each increase of a unit being- equal
to a decrease of about two and one-half in
brightness.
To ascertain when any star or constellation
wilJ be on the upper meridian add the number
opposite in the column "For Meridian Passage"
to the figures in the table on the previous page.
"Sidereal Noon," taking- note whether such
figures be "Morn." or "Eve." If "Morn." and
the sum is more than 12h. the result will be
Eve. of same day; if ">Eve." and the sum ia
more than 12h. the result will be Morn, of the
next day. Having found the time of meridian
passage, for the rising- subtract and for the
setting add the numbers opposite the star in
the column headed "For Rasing and Setting"
and observe the direction! as to Morn, and
Eve. given for the meridian passage. Those
marked in the last columns are cir-
30
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920*
cumpolar. Stars having- an asterisk (*) in
the last columns are to be seen only in the
far south and then when near the meridian,
as the vapors of the horizon will prevent
seeing1 them when they rise or set. To tell
how high up from the nearest P9int of the
horizon a star will be at its meridian passage
subtract the star's declination from 90° and if
the result is less than the latitude of the place
of the observer that star will neither rise nor
set. but is circumpolar, and the difference be-
tween that result and the latitude shows the
star's altitude above the north point of the
horizon or below the southern horizon. Or
(90°— dec.)— lat.=alt. or elevation of the star
above the nearest point of the horizon at
meridian passage for stars of a southern
declination. Examples:
Sidereal noon, Oct. 30, 9 :27 p. m.
Fomalhaut "In Merid "col.. 22:48
32:15
Subtract, 24:00
8 :15 P. m. of 31st.
time of merid-
ian passage.
Fomalhaut ris. & set, col, add 4 :00 f or lat. 40° N.
12:15=0:15 a. m.
of Nov. 1, the
time of setting-.
Fomalhaut, dec. 30° S. 90° — 30° = 60°. —
40° = 20°. altitude of Fomalhaut in latitude
40° at its meridian passage. To measure
celestial distances with the eye keep in mind
that one-third of the distance from the zenith
to the horizon is 30°. For smaller measure-
ments use the belt of Orion, 3° long- or the
sides of the square of Pegasus; the "pointers"
in the "big dipper," which are nearly 5° apart
—a convenient celestial yardstick because
always to be seen. In the case of a star
whpse dec. is such as to bring- it nearer to the
zenith than to a horizon at meridian passage
it will be more convenient to use its zenith
distance as a means of locating it. The dif-
ference between the latitude and dec. is this
zenith distance. If the dec. is greater than
the latitude then such distance is to be counted
northward, otherwise southward from the
zenith.
ECLIPSES IN 1920.
There will be four eclipses this year— two III. Total of the moon Oct. 27. visible in the
of the sun and two of the moon, as fpllows:
I. Total of the moon May 2, visible in
eastern North America, the moon rising more
or less eclipsed east of the Mississippi river
states and east of Manitoba in Canada. Vis-
ible in South America and West Indies. More
particularly as follows:
NORTH
£AST
ECLIPSE OF MOON, MAY 2. 1C20.
Wash.
Mean
time.
(See fig.)
Partial begins (1)
Total begins (2)
Middle (3)
Total ends (4)
Partial ends (5)
II. Partial of the sun May 17,
in Australia and South Pacific.
p. m.
6:53
8:07
8:43
9:19
10:33
Cen-
tral
time.
P.m.
6:01
7:15
7:51
8:27
9:41
visible only
ern
time.
p.m.
7:01
8:15
8:51
9:27
10:41
Pacific states, where the moon will set about
the time of totality. More particularly as
follows :
WORTH
ECLIPSE OF MOON. OCT. 27. 1920.
Mountain
(See fig.) time.
Partial begins ..... (1) 5:26a.m.
Total begins ....... (2) 6 :29 a. m.
Middle ........... (3) 7:11 a.m.
Total ends ......... (4) 7:54 a.m.
Pacific
time
4:26a'm
5 :29 a! m!
6:11 a.m.
6:54 a.m.
IV. Partial of the sun Nov. 10. The sun
will rise with the eclipse on in Montana.
Idaho, north Wyoming and east Washington:
also in Canada, in Saskatchewan, Alberta and
Eastern British Columbia and western Mani-
toba. No portion of the eclipse will be visi-
ble south of a line from Boise. Idaho, through
Denver, Guthrie, Jackson, Cedar Keys and Mel-
bourne. Fla. The eclipse will be upon the
sun's northern limb.
St. John. N. B 10:02 a.m.
Fredericton, N. B 10:03 a.m.
Quebec 8:57 a.m.
Montreal 8 :56 a. m.
Ottawa 8:55 a.m.
Toronto 8 :54 a. m.
Winnipeg- 7 :47 a. m.
New York 8:59 a. m.
Boston 9:00 a.m.
Philadelphia 8 :59 a. m.
Washington 9:00 a.m.
Charleston 9 :17 a. m.
Cleveland 7 :55 a. m.
Detroit 7:54 a.m.
Chicago 7:55 a.m.
Kansas City. 8:05 a. m.
Middle. Size, pet.
11:26 a. m.
.45
11:22 a.m.
.46
10:14 a.m.
.44
10:09 a. m.
.40
10:05 a. m.
.37
10:00 a.m.
.30
8:41 a.m.
10:08 a. m.
33
10:14 a. m.
.*38
10:06 a. m.
.30
10 -02 a.m.
.26
9:58 a. m.
.10
8:55 a.m.
.26
8 :53 a. m.
.25
8 :47 a. m.
.20
8 :38 a. m.
.08
Ends.
0:50 p. m.
0:45 p.m.
11 :33 a. m.
11:18 a.m.
11:16 a.m.
11:08 a.m.
9:37 a.m.
11:22 a.m.
11:30 a.m.
11:17 a.m.
11:09 a.m.
10:37 a.m.
10:00 a. m.
9:55 a.m.
9 :43 a. m.
9:12 a.m.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
STORY OF OUR WORLD FAMILY FOR 1920.
THE SUN— The marked changes in the char-
acter of the seasons have given rise to suspi-
cion of variation in radiation of solar heat,
according1 to number and size of sun spots or
openings in heat envelope of the sun. This is
only partially true, as other influences, also
exterior to the earth, combine with the sun
to affect the weather conditions.
The mean temperature of the sun is about
three times the greatest artificial heat ever
produced, or 12,000 degrees Fahrenheit — suffi-
cient to melt an envelope of ice about the sun.
64 feet in thickness, in one minute. This is
largely wasted as to the earth, for it is radi-
ated in all directions alike. What a small part
reaches our outermost member. 2.800.000.000
miles away! Then. too. the sun must energize
all bodies within that great circle. Of the grand
total output of solar energy our little speck
of dirt, the earth, receives sufficient to raise
100 tons a mile for every square foot of sur-
face, the total being- 130.000 horse power for
a square meter of surface. Think of the con-
sequences if this great power and light plant
should meet with disaster — collide with some
other body, as has doubtless been the case
repeatedly with other suns or stars 1 The
most recent case was first made known to us
about June 8. 1918— in the great "new star"
that suddenly blazed out in the Eagle. This
was not a "new star." but it was known as
one of the very dimmest. Within a very lew
days it grew to be the brightest in the
heavens and then slowly faded, being at this
writing barely visible to the best eyes when
seeking it under the most favorable condi-
tions. Thus, a sun— a world— burned up and
only its darkened embers left, and the news
has been en route to us at the speed of
186.000 miles per second, perhaps since the
birth of pur Saviour. Perhaps a whole solar
system, like ours, with its peopled planets,
went back to a nebulous mass under the great
heat generated by the impact.
No startling discoveries resulted from the
total eclipse of June 8. 1918.
MERCURY— This, the youngest of our planet
family, is so difficult to see. being lost in the
overpowering light of the sun most of the
time, that it is necessary to direct attention
to the special time and place to seek him.
See under "Planets Brightest."
When caught, his size and beauty are very
striking, and well worth the special effort
usually necessary. At the time of his fall
elongation. Oct. 25 to Nov. 2. when an eve-
ning star, he will be just south of the second
magnitude star. Beta Scorpii. and brighter
than the star, and shining with a steadier
light. As no moon is known to accompany
this planet or Venus, it is impossible • to de-
termine the length of their day, except by
watching surface markings, which in this
planet appear stationary, indicating the same
length of day and year, which keeps one
hemisphere of the planet in perpetual darkness
and arctic coldness.
VENUS — Our childless twin sister, usually
bright and glorious twice each year, will re-
main in partial seclusion and not appear in
full beauty within the year, but may be best
seen in January and December. See "The
Chart of the Planets." Neither will she reach
a crescent phase, but will be slightly gibbous
at the beginning and end of the year. Ob-
servations indicate the presence of a far greater
and denser atmospheric envelope than sur-
rounds the earth as a protection from the
greater light and heat of the sun: also greater
mountain elevations than with us.
Her visible itinerary among the stars will
be as follows: In Eastern Libra at the be-
ginning of the year, passing into Scorpio Jan.
B. being cbout 1 degree north of the bright
star. Beta Scorpii. and on the 10th 7 de-
grees north of Antares. the noted red star.
She will be occulted by the moon on the 17th
of January in southern latitudes, but north of
the 13th parallel of latitude they will be
very close, the planet being just north of the
moon, making a pretty sight to early risers;
enters Sagittarius on the 29th, and during the
first ten days of February will be passing
just above the Milkmaid's Dipper, rising about
5 a. m.. and enters Aries, just below the
three stars in the horn of the Ram that mark
the constellation, the last of February, while
to the north of her will shine the glorious
stars of the Eagle. Swan, Dolphin and Harp.
She enters Aquarius the middle of March,
with the moon G degrees south of her on
the 18th. being only 21 minutes south of
Uranus on the 21st. She will cross the prime
meridian of the heavens April 11. entering
Pisces, and will have traversed Aries by May
5, growing very much dimmer as she ap-
proaches her superior conjunction with the
sun July 3, but she may be comfortably ob-
served when between the Hyades and Pleiades,
the latter part of May. Prior to July she was
decreasing in brightness, because receding from
us and after her superior conjunction with the
sun. July 3. she will increase in brilliancy the
remainder of the year, though less and less of
her illuminated hemisphere will be visible td
us. The middle and latter part of July she
will be just south of Castor and Pollux aa
she comes again into view, but in the eve-
ning twilight sky, being 6 degrees north of the
moon July 16 and 1 degree 19 minutes north
of Neptune July 27. in Cancer, close to the
Praesepe cluster. On the 8th of August she will
be in close conjunction with Jupiter and two daya
later will pass 1 degree north of the bril-
liant Regulus in the Sickle of Leo. This will
make a, superbly magnificent quartet of celes-
tial brilliants about a half hour after sun-
set. She crosses the equinoctial colure into
Virgo early in September, being in conjunc-
tion with Spica Virginis Sept. 22-23 and only
about 2 degrees north of the star, setting-
about one hour after the sun. She passes
about 1 degree south of the moon Oct. 14th.
Toward the last of October she will get
around in Scorpio, where she was at the be-
ginning of the year, and about 3 degrees
north of Antares. having made the full cir-
cuit of the heavens: 5 degrees south of the
moon Nov. 14. and the last ten days of No-
vember she will again pass close to and above
the Milkmaid's Dipper; 7 degrees south of the
moon Dec. 14, and ends the year in the last
of Capricornus, 10 degrees south of the Y in
Aquarius, setting about 8 p. m., when very
bright and attractive.
MARS will be conspicuous the entire year.
rising about midnight at first: passes the
meridian near midnight when brightest and
nearest to the earth in April, setting near
midnight in July and about 8 p. m. at the
close of the year. His movement past the
stars will, of course, be clower than that of
Venus. At the beginning- of the year he will
be moving eastward in Virgo, and on Jan. 10
he will be only 4 degrees north of Spica. and
5 degrees north of the moon on the 13th;
enters Libra Feb. 1 and 4 degrees north of
the moon on the 10th. becoming stationary the
middle of March in Libra, and then retro-
grades, or moves backward, until the first of
June, when he will be again stationary and
about 2 degrees north of Spica. after which
he will again advance to the end of the year.
He enters Libra the last of July and
Scorpio early in September, passing 3 degrees
north of Antares on the 15th; enters Sagitta-
rius Oct. 18. moves along just above the
Milkmaid's Dipper and into Capricornus about
Dec. 1. ending the year near the beginning ol
'32
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Aquarius, 10 degrees south of the Y, hav-
ing been in conjunction with the moon as
follows: Jan. 13, Feb. 10. March 9, April 5.
May 1 and 28. June 25. July 23. Aug. 20,
Sept. 18, Oct. 17. Nov. 15 and Dec. 15. At
the end of the year he will be only 4 degrees
east of Venus.
It is quite possible that the inhabitants of
Mars may be great aviators, far surpassing
anything ever attempted by the most daring
of our airmen here. This would be reason-
able, as the force of gravity there is only
about one-third what it is here, and a person
of 180 pounds would weigh only 60 pounds
there, and if able to jump ten feet here he
could do thirty there. So if the inhabitants
of the earth and Mars ever meet the Martians
will undoubtedly call first.
ASTEROIDS— Several hundred of these baby
planets come between the orbits of Mars and
Jupiter, possible remains of a shattered planet.
Only two of them are sufficiently large ever to
be seen, except with telescopic aid. An inhab-
itant of the earth transported to one of them
could go at express train speed around it in
a few hours.
JUPITER— We called attention, in our story
for 1919. to the gradual approach of this
planet to Saturn, which process will continue
through 1920. until in December they will be
separated Vy only 23 minutes of arc or about
6 degrees, and they will be in conjunction in
1921. Jupiter will be 1 degree north of Neptune
March 13 in Cancer about 8 degrees east of
the Praesepe cluster, affording a good oppor-
tunity to locate our most distant planet,
using a small telescope or good field glass,
and if a dim star is seen in the place indicated
the observer may feel certain of having seen
Neptnne. The eye may be used in determin-
ing the distance apart, remembering that the
Kings in Orion are 1% degrees apart. The four
largest moons and belts may be seen by the
aid of a small homemade telescope, purchas-
ing only the lenses, which will cost but a very
small sum, and using mailing tubes of different
sizes for the body. Such a glass, with only
1% inch objective, will afford great pleasure
in becoming acquainted with the various mem-
bers of our family of worlds as well as in
other fields of study, bringing out the phases
of Venus, mountains, craters, etc., of the
moon, double stars, nebulae, etc.
THE MOON will pass about 6 degrees to the
south of Jupiter each month, as follows: Jan.
8, Feb. 4. March 2 and 29, April 25. May 23.
June 20. July 17. Sept. 11. Oct. 9, Nov. 5
and Dec. 3. He will be too near the sun
for observation in July, August and Sep-
tember.
SATURN will be very attractive up to
August and again in November and December,
being brightest the last of February, when
rising about sunset: an evening star until
Aug. 22, a morninff star to Dec. 10, and then
an evening star the rest of the year, being
in conjunction with the sun Sept. 7, and
therefore nearly or quite invisible for several
weeks before and after that date, and only
poorly visible for a much longer period. He
is still in Leo and near the middle of that
constellation, and his rings will hardly be visi-
ble, as they are due to disappear early next
year. They were to be best seen in 1914. and
will not be again attractive until 1928-29. The
moon will pass about 7 degrees to the south
of him Jan. 10. Feb. 6. March 4 and 31.
April 27. May 25, June 21. July 19. Nov. 6
and Dec. 3. He will be a dim or invisible
object in August, September and October.
URANUS will be brightest in August and
September.
NEPTUNE will be brightest in January and
February.
See under Venus and Jupiter for favorable
opportunities to catch these dim planets.
SIGNS AND CONSTELLATIONS OF THE ZODIAC.
Until recently It was taken for granted that
the present relationship between signs and con-
stellations of the zodiac was generally under-
stood, as all astronomical textbooks mention
their diagreement rnd explain the cause. The
numerous letters of inquiry concerning differ-
ences between the data in this almanac and
certain others show the necessity for this note
of explanation. (Both sign and constellation
now given.)
Thousands of years ago when the zodiac,
that belt of the heavens about 16° in width
within which move tho moon and planets, was
formed find divided into twelve parts or sea-
Bons called signs, each containing certain star
groups called constellations, each was given
the name of an o1 j~ct or animal which never
did bear any relationship to the configuration
of the stars in that group or division, but
which did or is supposed to have reference
to certain astronomical or other facts. Thus
Libra »=. the scales or balance, comes at the
autumnal equinox when there is an equi-
librium or bain nee between the length of
day and night the world over. Aquarius -,
the water-bearer, whose sign is the Egyptian
sign for running water, comes at the season
of greatest rains in Egypt, and so on.
Since the time when these divisions were
made and named, owing to the precession of
the equinoxes, resulting from the differing
polar and equatorial diameters of the earth,
the signs have moved back west nearly a
whole division or constellation and where r
was the first, X now Is. Hence, though the
eun now enters the sign T March 20. it is
a month later when he enters the constellation
T. It must be apparent, therefore, that any
supposed influence or relationship which early
astrologers attributed to the position of the
sun, moon or planets when in certain of these
dvisions cnn no longer exist, as the sign now
only represents that space or division of the
zodinc where the controlling constellation was
2.000 or more years ago, but is not now.
Nevertheless, some almanacs still give the
signs for the moon's place, which is very mis-
leading to those who attempt to follow her
in her course among the stars. Hence, this
almanac givos both and discards the ancient
picture of the disemboweled man as a relic
of the pge of superstition. The sign is re-
tained for sun's place in connection with the
seasons and snn's pnth through the zodiac
each month because of its relationship to the
equinoxes and solstices.
COAST LINE OF THE UNITED STATES.
In nautical miles.
Atlantic coast ................. .. 1.773
Gulf coast .......................... 1 607
Rico
209
Porto
Pacific coast ............................. 1.571
Alaska ................................ 4,123
Hawaiian islands ......................... 628
Guam ................................ 80
Midway ............................... 20
Samoan islands ,.'.T 83
Northern lakes and rivers 3.041
Western rivers 4.34 \
Total . . .17,539
Philippines .11.444
Grand total... , .28,983
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
TIME AND STANDARDS OF TIME.
Various kinds of time are in use in this
country :
1. Astronomical Time or Mean Solar Time—
This is reckoned from noon through the
twenty-four hours of the day and is used
mainly by astronomical observatories and in
official astronomical publications. It is the
legal time of the dominion of Canada, though
"standard" and "mean" time are in general
use there as in this country.
2. Mean Local Time— This is the kind that
was in almost universal use prior to the in-
troduction of standard time. This time was
based upon the time when the mean sun
crosses the meridian, and the day begins at
midnight. When divided into civil divisions —
years, months, weeks, days, etc.— it is some-
times called civil time.
Owing to the eccentricity of the earth's
orbit and the inclination of the equator to the
ecliptic, the apparent motion of the sun is
retarded or accelerated according to the earth's
place in its orbit. Hence, to take the actual
sun as a guide would necessitate years, days
coast and an irregular line drawn from Buffalo
to Charleston. S. C., the latter city being its
southernmost point. The second or central
section included all the territory between this
eastern line and another irregular line extend-
ing from Bismarck, N. D., to the mouth of the
Rio Grande. The third or mountain section in-
cluded all the territory between the last named
line and nearly the western borders of Idaho,
Nevada and Arizona. The fourth or Pacific
section included all the territory of the United
States between the boundary of the mountain
section and the Pacific coast. Inside of each
of these sections standard time was uniform
and the time of each section differed from that
next to it by exactly one hour.
In March, 1918, the congress of the United
States, in passing the "daylight saving" law.
divided the territory of continental United
States into five zones. The standard time of
the first four zones was based on the same
degrees of longitude as under the old railroad
agreement. The fifth zone established included
only Alaska, and its standard time was based
STANDARD TIME ZONES AS FIXED BY INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION,
and their subdivisions of unequal length.
Therefore an imaginary or "mean sun" was
invented. The difference between apparent
and mean time is called the "equation of
time" and may amount to a quarter of an
hour in twenty-four hours. It is the differ-
ence between the figures in "Sun at noon
mark" column in calendar and twelve hours.
The figures on a correct sun dial give the ap-
parent time.
3. Standard Time — For the convenience of
the railroads and business in general a stand-
ard of time was established by mutual agree-
ment in 1883 and by this calculation trains
were run and local time was regulated. By
this system the United States, extending from
65° to 125° west longitude, was divided into
four time sections, each'of 15° of longitude,
exactly equivalent to one hour (7V2° or 30m.
on each side of a meridian), commencing with
the 75th meridian. The first or eastern sec-
tion included all territory between the Atlantic
on the 150th degree of longitude. In August.
1919, the section of the law providing for
"daylight saving" was repealed, but the part
giving the interstate commerce commission
power to fix the limits of the time zones was
left intact.
The new time zones as defined by the inter-
state commerce commission became effective
Jan. 1, 1919. They have been slightly modi-
fied since then and are subject to further
modifications from time to time. Standard
time by law governs the movements of rail-
roads and other common carriers engaged in
interstate commerce. In all statutes, orders,
rules and regulations relating to the time of
performance of any act by any officer or de-
partment of the United States, whether in the
legislative, executive, or judicial branch of
the government, or relating to the time within
which any rights shall accrue or determine,
or within which any act shall or shall not be
34
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
performed by any person subject to the juris-
diction of the United States, it shall be under-
stood and intended that the time shall be the
United States standard time of the zone within
which the act is to be performed.
EASTERN-CENTRAL BOUNDARY LINE.
The boundary line between the eastern and
central time zones as fixed by the commission
runs from east of Port Huron, Mich., along
the international boundary line through the
St. Clair river. Lake St. Clair. Detroit river
and then runs in a southerly direction to
Sandusky. Bellevue, Monroeville, Willard. Shel-
by Junction, Mansfield and Columbus. OhicT;
Huntington, Kenova and Williamson, W. Va.;
Duncannon, Va.; Bristol, Va.-Tenn.: Telford,
Tenn.: Asheville and Franklin, N. C.: Atlanta.
McDonough, Macon, Perry, Americus. Albany
and Thomasville. Ga.: the north boundary of
Florida to River Junction and the Apalachi-
cola river to the Gulf of Mexico.
The following named municipalities located
upon the boundary line between the eastern
and central time zones are considered as with-
in the United States standard eastern zone;
Fremont, Clyde. Bellevue, Monroeville. Willard.
Shelby, Shelby Junction, Galion, Lancaster.
Dundas, and Gallipolis, Ohio: Duncannon, Va.:
Bristol. Va.-Tenn.: Asheville and Franklin. N.
C.: points on Southern railway, McDonough,
Ga.. to Macon. Ga.; Perry. Albany and Thomas-
ville, Ga.: Apalachicola. Fla.
All other municipalities located upon the
boundary line between the eastern and central
time zones not specifically named, are con-
sidered as within the United States standard
central time zone.
CENTRAL-MOUNTAIN BOUNDARY LINE.
Between central and mountain time the line
begins at the Canadian boundary. Portal, N.
D.. running through Minot and Goodall, N. D.;
following the Missouri river to Pierre,
., then through Murdo Mackenzie, S. D.;
• Pine, North Platte, McCook and Repub-
lican Junction, Neb.: Phillipsburg. Plainville,
Ellis. Dodge City and Liberal. Kas.: Waynoka.
Clinton and Sayre. Okla.: Sweetwater. Big
Springs and San Angelo, Tex., and the 100th
meridian to the Rio Grande river.
The following named municipalities located
upon the boundary line between the central
and mountain time zones are considered as
within the United States standard central tima
zone; Portal, Flaxton, and Minot, N. D.;
Murdo Mackenzie, S. D.; Phillipsburg, Stock-
ton, Plainville, Ellis, and Liberal, Kas.:
Waynoka, Ralph, and Sayre, Okla.: Sweet-
water. Big Springs, and San Angelo. Tex.
All other municipalities located upon the
boundary line between the central and moun-
tain time zones not specifically named are con-
sidered as within United States standard moun-
tain time zone.
MOUNTAIN-PACIFIC BOUNDARY LINE.
Between mountain and Pacific time zones the
line is fixed following the western boundary
of Montana to meridian 114 west and then
south and east to Pocatello. Idaho, and the
Oregon Short Line to Ogden and Salt Lake
City, Utah: thence the Los Angeles & Salt
Lake railroad and the west and south boun-
daries to the 113th meridian; thence to Selig-
man and Parker, Ariz., and along the Colorado
river to the Mexican boundary.
All municipalities on' the boundary between
mountain and Pacific time zones will use
standard mountain time.
All of Alaska is within a single time zone,
TABLE OF TIME CORRECTIONS.
It is obvious that to express the time of
rising and setting of the sun and moon in
standard time would limit the usefulness of
such data to the sinsrle point or place for
which it was computed, while in mean time
it is practically correct for places as widely
separated as the width of the continent. In
the calendar pages of the almanacs the rising
and setting of the sun and moon are given
in mean local time and to obtain the standard
time of these and other astromonical events
at any given place it is necessary to subtract
or add a certain number of minutes according
to the distance the place in question is east
or west of the meridian, the time of which
governs the zone in which the place is located.
Thus in Chicago, which is approximately two
and a half degrees east of the 90th meridian
which governs the time of the central zone,
the sun and moon rise and set about ten
minutes earlier than the time shown in the
almanacs: in other words, ten minutes must
be subtracted to get the actual standard time
as shown by the clo^k.
The correction required for each of the
leading cities of the United States may be
found in the following table:
Standard Correction,
City. or division. minutes.
Albany, N. Y ,. .Eastern Subtract 5
Austin. Texas Central Add 31
Baltimore. Md Eastern Add 6
Baton Rouge. La Central Add 4
Bismarck. N. D Central Add 43
Boston, Mass Eastern Subtract 16
Buffalo. N. Y Eastern Add 16
Burlington, Iowa Central Add 5
Cairo 111 Central Subtract 3
Charleston. S. C Eastern Add 20
Chicago, 111 Central Subtract 10
Cincinnati, Ohio Central Subtract 22
Cleveland, Ohio Central Subtract 33
Columbia. S. C Eastern Add 24
Columbus, Ohio Central Subtract 28
Dayton. Ohio Central Subtract 23
Denver, Col Mountain Add 0
Des Moines. Iowa Central Add 14
Detroit, Mich Central Subtract 28
Dubuque Iowa Central Add 3
Duluth Minn Central Add 9
Erie, Pa Central Subtract 39
Evansville. Ind Central Subtract 10
Ft Gibson. Okla Central Add 21
Fort Smith, Ark Central Add 19
Fort Wayne, Ind Central Subtract 20
Galena, 111 Central Add 2
Galveston, Texrs Central Add 19
Grand Haven. Mich.... Central Subtract 15
Harrisburg, Pa Eastern Add 7
Houston, Texas Central Add 21
Huntsville, Ala Central Subtract 12
Indianapolis, Ind Central Subtract 16
Jackson, Miss Central Add 1
Jacksonville, Fla.. .._,.. Central Subtract 33
Janesville. Wis Central Subtract 4
Jefferson City, Mo Central Add 9
Kansas City. Mo Central Add 19
Keokuk, Iowa Central Add 6
Knoxville, Tenn Central Subtract 24
LaCrosse, Wis Central Add 5
Lawrence, Kaa Central Add 21
Lexington. Ky Central Subtract 23
Little Rock, Ark Central Add 9
Louisville. Kv Central Subtract 18
Lynchburg1, Va Eastern Add 17
Memphis, Tenn Central Subtract 0
Milwaukee, Wis Central Subtract 8
Mobile, Ala Central Subtract 8
Montgomery. Ala. : .... Central Subtract 15
Nashville, Tenn Central Subtract 13
New Haven. Conn Eastern ....Subtract 8
New Orleans. La Central Add 0
New York. N. Y Eastern Subtract 4
Norfolk. Va Eastern Add 5
Ogdensburg. N. Y Eastern Add 2
Omaha, Neb Central Add 94
Pensacola. Fin Central ....Subtract 11
Philadelphia. Pa Eastern Add 1
Pittsburgh. Pa Eastern Add 20
Portland. M~ Eastern ....Subtract 3 9
Providence, R. I Eastern Subtract 14
Quincy, 111 Central Add 6
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
35
Standard Correction.
City. or division. minutes.
Raleigh. <N. C Eastern Add 15
Richmond, Va Eastern Add 10
Rochester. N. Y Eastern Add 11
Rocklsland.Ill Central Add 3
San Francisco. Cal Pacific Add 10
Santa Fe. N. M Mountain Add 4
Bavannah, Ga Central — Subtract 36
Shreveport. La Central Add 15
Springfield, 111 Central .... Subtract 2
St. Joseph. Mo Central Add 19
St Louis, Mo ....Central Add 1
Standard
City. or division.
St. Paul, Minn Central
Superior City. Wis Central
Syracuse. N. Y Eastern
Toledo, O Central
Trenton. N. J Eastern
Utica. N. Y.... Eastern
Washington. D. C Eastern
Wheeling-. W. Va Eastern
Wilmington. Del Eastern
Wilmington. N. C Eastern
Yankton. S. D Central
Correction,
minutes.
Add 12
Add 8
Add 5
...Subtract 26
...Subtract 1
Add 1
Add 8
Add 23
-Add 2
AddlS
Add 29
DIFFERENCE
When it is 12 o'clock noon Monday in New
York. N. Y.. or other places having eastern
time, the corresponding1 time in the cities
named below is:
Aden, Arabia 8:00 p. m., Monday
Amsterdam. Holland 5:20 p.m. Monday
Apia. Samoa 5 :33 a. m. Tuesday
Berlin. Germany 5 :53 p. m. Monday
Bern. Switzerland 5 :29 p. m. Monday
Bombay. India 9:51 p.m. Monday
Bremen, Germany 5:33 p.m. Monday
Brussels. Belgium 5 :17 p. m. Monday
Calcutta, India 10 :53 p. m. Monday
Chicago, 111 *11 :00 a. m. Monday
Christiania, Norway 5:42 p.m. Monday
City of Mexico, Mexico. 10:24 a. m. Monday
Colon. Panama 11 :40 a. m. Monday
Constantinople. Turkey. 6:56 p. m. Monday
Copenhagen. Denmark.. 5:40 p. m. Monday
Denver, Colorado t!0:00a. m. Monday
Dublin. Ireland 4:34 p. m. Monday
Edinburgh, Scotland 4:47 p.m. Monday
Hamburg. Germany 5:10 p. m. Monday
Havana. Cuba 11:30 a.m. Monday
Havre. France 5:00 p.m.. Monday
Hongkong, China 12:37 a. m.. Tuesday
Honolulu. Hawaii 6:29 a. m.. Monday
Lisbon, Portugal 5:00 p.m., Monday
Liverpool, England 4:48 p.m., Monday
London, England 5:00 p. m., Monday
Madrid. Spain 4:45 p. m., Monday
Manila, Philippines 1:03 a. m.. Tuesday
IN TIME.
Melbourne. Australia... 2:39 a. m., Tuesday
Paris. France 5:09 p. m.. Monday
Pekm. China. 12 :45 a. m.. Tuesday
7:01 p. m., Monday
6:55 p. m., Monday
5:49 p. m.. Monday
2:07 p. m.. Monday
$9:00 a. m.. Monday
12:35 p. m.. Monday
Petrograd. Russia..
Pretoria, South Africa.
R9me. Italy
Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
San Francisco. Cal
San Juan. Porto Rico.. „
Sitka. Alaska 7:58 a. m., Monday
Stockholm, Sweden 6:13 p. m., Monday
Sydney. New So. Walas. 3:04 a. m.. Tuesday
The Hague, Holland 5:17 p.m., Monday
Tokyo. Japan 2 :18 a. m.. Tuesday
Valparaiso, Chile 12 :13 p. m., Monday
Vienna. Austria 6:05 p. m.. Monday
Yokohama, Japan 2:19 a. m.. Tuesday
•Same in all places having central time, tin
all places having mountain time. Jin all places
having Pacific time.
Note— The place where "the day begins" or
where dates are changed by navigators is at
or near the 180th degree of longitude. Here
an irregular line has been drawn from north
to south which is called the "international
date line." It is not straight because in case
it crossed an island it would have different
dates on each side of the line. The date line
was located in the mid-Pacific by general
agreement because it would cause the least
confusion and because it was twelve hours
from Greenwich.
FO1
Central
meridian.
Degrees.
.. 135 east...
iEIGN STAND
Fast or slow
on
Greenwich.
H.M.S.
9 00 00 fast
00000
3 51 38.8 slow
5 24 15 slow
2 00 00 fast
1 30 00 fast
1 00 00 fast
2 00 00 fast
ed from 0 to 2'
ARDS OF TIME.
West Australia
South Australia. . .
New Zealand
Victoria.
Central
meridian.
Degrees.
.. 120 east..
.. 142% east..
.. 172% east..
Past or slow
on
Greenwich.
H.M.
8 00 fast
9 30 fast
11 30 fast
10 00 fast
2 00 fast
m.
Spain*
0
64+ west.
Ecuador. . . .
Natal
81+ west.
. . 30 east...
New South Wales .
Queensland. . .
j-150
east..
Cape Colonv
22% east
Mid-Europe.
Egypt
15 east....
30 east....
Tasmania
j
Eastern Europe. . .
t. avoiding the use
30 east. .
of a. m. and p.
*In Spain
the hours are coun
FASTEST VOYAGES ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.
Queenstown to New York. Raunt's Rock to
Ambrose channel lightship (short course). 4 days
10 hours 48 minutes, by the Mauretania, Sept. 11-
15, 1910; Ion? course (2,891 miles), 4 days 17 hours
6 minutes. Mauretania. Feb. 13-18. 1909.
New York to Queenstown, 4 days 13 hours 41
minutes, by the Mauretania. Sept. 15-20. 1909.
Hamburg to New York. 5 flnys 11 hours 54
minutes, by the Dentschland. Sept. 2-8. 1903.
Cherbourg to New York. 5 days 11 hours 9
minutes, by the Kronprinzessin Cecilie. Aug. 19-
25. 1908.
New York to Cherbourg. 5 days 16 hours, by
the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. Jan. 4-10. 1900.
Southampton to New York. 5 days 20 hours, by
the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. March 30-April
5. 1898.
Havre to New York. 6 days 1 hour 12 minntes.
by La Provence. Sept. 6-13. 1907.
New York to Southampton. 5 days 17 hours 8
minutes, by the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse.
Nov. 23-29. 1897.
New York to Havre. 6 days 2 hours 48 min-
utes, by La Provence. May 31-June 6. 1906.
New York to Plymouth (short course), 2,962
miles. 5 days 7 hours 28 minutes, by the Deutsch-
land, Sept. 5-10, 1900: (long course). 3.080 miles.
5 days 9 hours 55 minutes. Kaiser Wilhelm II..
Aue. 18-24. 1908.
Plymouth to New York, 5 days 15 hours 46
minutes, by the Deutschlaml. July 7-12. 1900.
Moville. Ireland, to Cape Race, N. F.. 4 days
10 hours,: by the Virginian (turbine). June 9-13.
1905.
The best day's run b'y any steamer was 678
knots, made by the Mauretania, January. 1911.
Distances: New York to Southampton. 3,100
miles: to Plymouth. 2.962 miles: to Queenstown.
2.800 miles: to Cherbourg. 3.047 miles: to Havre.
3.170 miles: to Hamburg. 3.820 miles.
36
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
REVENUE ACT OF 1918.
Following: is the full text of the "Act to
provide revenue, and for other purposes." ap-
proved Feb. 24. 1919:
Be it enacted by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of Amer-
ica in congress assembled,
TITLE I.— GENERAL DEFINITIONS.
Section 1. That when used in this act —
The term "person" includes partnerships and
corporations, as well as individuals;
The term "corporation" includes associa-
tions, joint-stock companies, and insurance
companies;
The term "domestic" when applied to a cor-
poration or partnership means created or or-
ganized in the United States;
The term "foreign" when applied to a cor-
poration or partnership means created or or-
ganized outside the United States;
The term "United States" when used in a
geographical sense includes only the states,
the territories of Alaska and Hawaii, and the
District of Columbia;
The term "secretary" means the secretary
of the treasury;
The term "commissioner" means the com-
missioner of internal revenue;
The term "collector" means collector of in-
ternal revenue ;
The term "Revenue act of 1916" means the
act entitled "An act to increase the revenue,
and for other purposes," approved Sept. 8,
1916;
The term "Revenue act of 1917" means the
act entitled "An act to provide revenue to de-
fray war expenses, and for other purposes,"
approved Oct. 3, 1917;
The term "taxpayer" includes any person,
trust or estate subject to a tax imposed by
this act;
The term "government contract" means (a)
a contract made with the United States, or
with any department, bureau, officer, commis-
sion, board or agency, under the United States
and acting in its behalf, or with any agency
controlled by any of the above if the con-
tract is for the benefit of the United States.
or (b) a subcontract made with a contractor
performing such a contract if the products
or services to be furnished under the subcon-
tract are for the benefit of the United States.
The term "government contract or contracts
made between April 6, 1917. and Nov. 11,
1918. both dates inclusive," when applied to
a contract of the kind referred to in clause
(a) of this paragraph, includes all such con-
tracts which, although entered into during
such period, were originally not enforceable,
but which have been or may become en-
forceable by reason of subsequent validation in
pursuance of law;
The term "military or naval forces of the
United States" includes the marine corps, the
coast guard, the army nurse corps, female, and
the navy nurse corps, female, but this shall
not be deemed to exclude other units other-
wise included within such term;
The term "present war" means the war in
which the United States is now engaged
against the German government.
For the purposes of this act the date of the
termination of the present war shall be fixed
by proclamation of the president.
TITLE II.— INCOME TAX.
Part I. — General Provisions — Definitions.
Sec. 200. That when used in this title—
The term "taxable year" means the calendar
year, or the fiscal year ending during such
calendar year, upon the basis of which the
net income is computed under section 212 or
section 232. The term "fiscal year" means
an accounting period of twelve months end-
ing on the last day of any month other than
December. The first taxable year, to be called
the taxable year 1918, shall be the calendar
year 1918 or any fiscal year ending during
the calendar year 1918;
The term "fiduciary" means a guardian,
trustee, executor, administrator, receiver, con-
servator, or any person acting in any fiduciary
capacity for any person, trust or estate;
The term "withholding agent" means any
person required to deduct and withhold any
tax under the provisions of section 221 or
section 237;
The term "personal service corporation"
means a corporation whose income is to be
ascribed primarily to the activities of the
principal owners or stockholders who are
themselves regularly engaged in the active
conduct of the affairs of the corporation and
in which capital (whether invested or bor-
rowed) is not a material income-producing'
factor; but does not include any foreign cor-
poration, nor any corporation 50 per centum
or more of whose gross income consists either
(1) of gains, profits or income derived from
trading as a principal, or (2) of gains, prof-
its, commissions, or other income, derived
from a government contract or " contracts
made between April 6, 1917, and Nov. 11,
1918. both dates inclusive:
The term "paid," for the purposes of the
deductions and credits under this title, means
"paid or accrued" or "paid, or incurred," and
the terms "paid or incurred" and "paid or ac-
crued" shall be construed according to the
method of accounting upon the basis of which
the net income is computed under section 212.
Dividends.
Sec. 201. (a) That the term "dividend"
when used in this title (except in paragraph
(10) of subdivision (a) of section 234)
means (1) any distribution made by a cor-
poration, other than a personal service cor-
poration, to its shareholders or members,
whether in cash or in other property or in
stock of the corporation, out of its earnings
or profits accumulated since Feb. 28, 1913,
or (2) any such distribution made by a
personal service corporation out of its earn-
ings or profits accumulated since Feb. 28,
1913. and prior to Jan. 1, 1918.
(b) Any distribution shall be deemed to
have been made from earnings or profits un-
less all earnings and profits have first been
distributed. Any distribution made in the
year 1918 or any year thereafter shall be
deemed to have been made from earnings or
profits accumulated since Feb. 28, 1913, or.
in the case of a personal service corporation,
from the most recently accumulated earnings
or profits; but any earnings or profits ac-
cumulated prior to March 1, 1913, may be
distributed in stock dividends or otherwise,
exempt from the tax, after the earnings and
profits accumulated since Feb. 28. 1913, have
been distributed.
(c) A dividend paid in stock of the corpora-
tion shall be considered income to the amount
of the earnings or profits distributed. Amounts
distributed in the liquidation of a corporation
shall be treated as payments in exchange for
stock or shares, and any gain or profit re-
alized thereby shall be taxed to the distributee
as other gains or profits.
(d) If any stock dividend (1) is received
by a taxpayer between Jan. 1 and Nov. 1,
1918, both dates inclusive, or (2) is during
such period bona fide authorized or declared,
and entered on the books of the corporation,
and is received by a taxpayer after Nov. 1.
1918, and before the expiration of thirty days
after the passage of this act, then such divi-
dend, shall, in the manner provided in sec-
tion 206. be taxed to the recipient at the
rates prescribed by law for the years in
which the corporation accumulated the earn-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
37
ing-9 or profits from which such dividend was
paid, but ' the dividend shall be deemed to
have been paid from the most recently ac-
cumulated earnings or profits.
(e) Any distribution made during1 the first
sixty days of any taxable year shall be
deemed to ha've been made from earnings or
profits accumulated during- preceding- taxable
years: but any distribution made during- the
remainder of the taxable year shall be deemed
to have been made from earnings or profits
accumulated between the close of the preced-
ing taxable year and the date of distribution,
to the extent of such earnings or profits, and
if the books of the corporation do not show
the amount of such earnings or profits the
earnings or profits for the accounting period
within which the distribution was made shall
be deemed to have been accumulated ratably
during such period.
Basis for Determining Gain or Loss.
Sec. 202. (a) That for the purpose of as-
certaining- the gain derived or loss sustained
from the sale or other disposition of property,
real, personal, or mixed, the basis shall be —
(1) In the case of property acquired before
March 1, 1913, the fair market price or
value of such property as of that date: and
(2) In the case of property acquired on or
after that date, the cost thereof; or the in-
ventory value, if the inventory is made in
accordance with section 203.
(b) When property is exchanged for other
property, the property received in exchange
shall for the purpose of determining- gain
or loss be treated as the equivalent of cash
to the amount of its fair market value, if
any; but when in connection with the reor-
ganization, merger, or consolidation of a cor-
poration a person receives in place of stock or
securities owned by him new stock or se-
curities of no greater aggregate par or face
value, no gain or loss shall be deemed to
occur from the exchange, and the new stock
or securities received shall be treated as tak-
ing the place of the stock, securities, or prop-
erty exchanged.
When in the case of any such reorganiza-
tion, merger or consolidation the aggregate
par or face value of the new stock or secu-
rities received is in excess of the aggregate
par or face value of the stock or securities
exchanged, & like amount in par or face
value of the new stock or securities received
shall be treated as taking the place of the
stock or securities exchanged, and the amount
of the excess in par or face value shall be
treated as a gain to the extent that the fair
market value of the new stock or securities is
greater than the cost (or if acquired prior to
March 1, 1913, the fair market value as of
that date) of the stock or securities ex-
changed.
Inventories.
Sec. 203. That whenever in the opinion of
the commissioner the use of inventories is
necessary in order clearly to determine the
income of any taxpayer, inventories shall be
taken by such taxpayer upon such basis as
the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, may prescribe as conforming as
nearly as may be to the best accounting prac-
tice in the trade or business and as most
clearly reflecting the income.
Net Losses.
Sec. 204. (a) That as used in this section
the term "net loss" refers only to net losses
resulting from either (1) the operation of any
business regularly carried on by the taxpayer,
or (2) the bona fide sale by the taxpayer of
plant, buildings, machinery, equipment or
other facilities, constructed, installed or ac-
quired by the taxpayer on or after April 6,
1917, for the production of articles coucrib-
uting to the prosecution of the present war;
and when so resulting means the excess of
the deductions allowed by law (excluding in
the case of corporations amounts allowed as a
deduction under paragraph (6) of subdivision
(a) of section 234) over the sum of the
gross income plus any interest received iree
from taxation both under this title and under
-Lit 10 ill.
rJtb)-*?f fi°Qilny ta,xab1,?. year beginning after
VnoV*3^ 1918> and ending prior to Jan. 1.
1920, it appears upon the production of evi-
dencs satisfactory to the commissioner that
any taxpayer has sustained a net loss th»
amount of such net loss shall under regula-
tions prescribed by the commissioner with
the approval of the secretary be deducted
from the net income of the taxpayer for the
preceding taxable year; and the taxes imposed
by this title and by Title III for such pre-
ceding taxable year shall be redetermined ac-
cordingly. Any amount found to be due to
the taxpayer upon the basis of such redeter-
mmation shall be credited or refunded to the
taxpayer in accordance with the provisions
of section 252. If such net loss is in excess
f°r «u<* Preceding-taxable
lowed as a deduction in computing the net
income for the succeeding- taxable year
(c) The benefit of this section shall be al-
lowed to the members of a partnership and
the beneficiaries of an estate or trust under
regulations prescribed by the commissioner
with the approval of the secretary.
Fiscal Year with Different Hates.
Sec. 205. (a) That if a taxpayer makes
return for a fiscal year beginning in 1917 and
ending- in 1918, his tax under this title for
the first taxable year shall be the sum of-
(1) the same proportion of a tax for the en-
tire period computed under Title I of the
revenue act of 1916 as amended by the rev-
enue act of 1917 and under Title I of the
revenue act of 1917. which the portion of
such period falling within the calendar year
1917 is of the entire period, and (2) the
same proportion of a tax for the entire period
computed under this title at the rates for
the calendar year 1918 which the portion of
such period falling within the calendar year
1918 is of the entire period: Provided, That
m the case of a personal service corporation
the amount to be paid shall be only that
specified in clause (1).
Any amount heretofore or hereafter paid
on account of the tax imposed for such fiscal
year by Title I of the revenue act of 1910
as amended by the revenue act of 1917 and
by Title I of the revenue act of 1917 shall
be credited toward the payment of the tax
imposed for such fiscal year by this act, and
if the ampunt so paid exceeds the amount of
such tax imposed by this act, or, in the case
of a personal service corporation, the amount
specified in clause (1). the excess shall be
credited or refunded in accordance with the
provisions of section 252.
(b) If a taxpayer makes a return for a
fiscal year beginning in 1918 and ending- in
1919, the tax under this title for such fiscal
year shall be the sum of: (1) the same pro-
portion of a tax for the entire period com-
puted under this title at the rates specified for
the calendar year 1918 which the portion of
such period falling within the calendar year
1918 is of the entire period, and (2) the
same proportion of a tax for the entire period
computed under this title at the rates speci-
fied for the calendar year 1919 which the por-
tion of such period falling within the calendar
year 1919 is of the entire period.
(c) If a fiscal year of a partnership begins
in 1917 and ends in 1918 or begins in 1918
38
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
and ends in 1919, then notwithstanding- the
provisions of subdivision (b) of section 218,
(1) the rates for the calendar year during
which such fiscal year begins shall apply to
an amount of each partner's share of such
partnership net income (determined under the
law applicable to such year) equal to the
proportion which the part of such fiscal year
falling within such calendar year bears to the
full fiscal year, and (2) the rates for the
calendar year during- which such fiscal year
ends shall apply to an amount of each part-
ner's share of such partnership net income
(determined under the law applicable to such
calendar year) equal to the proportion which
the part of such fiscal year falling- within
such calendar year bears to the full fiscal
year: Provided, That in the case of a per-
sonal service corporation with respect to a
fiscal year beginning- in 1917 and ending- in
1918 the amount specified in clause (1) shall
not be subject to normal tax.
Parts of Income Subject to Rates for Differ-
ent Years.
Sec. 206. That whenever parts of a tax-
payer's income are subject to rates for differ-
ent calendar years, the part subject to the
rates for the most recent calendar year shall
be placed in the lower brackets of the rate
schedule provided in this title, the part sub-
ject to the rates for the next preceding- cal-
endar year shall be placed in the next higher
brackets of the rate schedule applicable to
that year, and so on until the entire net in-
come has been accounted for. In determining
the income, any deductions, exemptions or
credits of a kind not plainly and properly
chargeable against the income taxable at rates
for a preceding- year shall first be applied
against the income subject to rates for the
most recent calendar year; but any balance
thereof shall be applied against the income
subject to the rates of the next preceding
year or years until fully allowed.
PART II.— INDIVIDUALS.
Normal Tax.
Sec. 210. That, in lieu of the taxes im-
posed by subdivision (a) of section 1 of
the revenue act of 1916 and by section 1 of
the revenue act of 1917, there shall be
levied, collected, and paid for each taxable
year upon the net income of every individual
a normal tax at the following rates:
(a) For the calendar year 1918, 12 per
centum of the amount of the net income in
excess of the credits provided in section 216:
Provided, That in the case of a citizen or
resident of the United States the rate upon
the first $4,000 of such excess amount shall
be 6 per centum;
(b) For each calendar year thereafter, 8
per centum of the amount of the net income
in excess of the credits provided in section
216: Provided, That in the case of a citizen
or resident of the United States the rate unon
the first $4.000 of such excess amount shall
be 4 per centum.
Surtax.
Sec. 211. (a) That, in lieu of the taxes
imposed by subdivision (b) of section 1 of
the revenue act of 1916 and by section 2 of
the revenue act of 1917, but in addition to
the normal tax imposed by section 210 of
this act. there shall be levied, collected, and
paid for each taxable year upon the net in-
come of every individual, a surtax equal to
the sum of the following:
1 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $5,000 and does not ex-
ceed $6.000:
2 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $6,000 and does not ex-
ceed $8,000;
3 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $8,000 and does not
4 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $10,000 and does not
ceed $12,000;
5 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $12,000 and does
exceed $14,000;
6 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $14,000 and does not
ceed $16,000;
7 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $16,000 and does not
ceed $18,000;
8 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $18.000 and does not
ceed $20,000;
9 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $20,000 and does not
ceed $22,000;
10 per centum of the amount by which
net, income exceeds $22,000 and does not
ceed $24,000;
11 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $24,000 and does not
ceed $26,000;
12 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $26,000 and does not
ceed $28,000;
13 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $28,000 and does not
ceed $30,000;
14 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $30,000 and does not
ceed $32,000;
15 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $32,000 and does not
ceed $34,000;
16 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $34,000 and does not
ceed $36,000;
17 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $36,000 and does not
ceed $38,000;
18 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $38,000 and does not
ceed $40.000;
19 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $40,000 and does not
ceed $42,000;
20 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $42,000 and does not
ceed $44.000;
21 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $44,000 and does not
ceed $46,000;
22 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $46,000 and does not
ceed $48,000;
23 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $48,000 and does not
ceed $50,000;
24 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $50.000 and does not
ceed $52.000;
25 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $52,000 and does not
ceed $54,000;
26 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $54,000 and does not
ceed $56.000;
27 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $56,000 and does not
ceed $58,000;
28 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $58,000 and does not
ceed S60.000;
29 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $60,000 and does not
ceed $62.000;
30 per centum of the amount by which
net income exceeds $62,000 and does not
ceed $64.000;
th<
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ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
39
31 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $64,000 and does not ex-
ceed $66,000;
32 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $66.000 and does not ex-
ceed $68,000;
33 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $68,000 and does not ex-
ceed $70,000;
34 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $70,000 and does not ex-
ceed $72,000;
35 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $72,000 and does not ex-
ceed $74,000;
36 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $74,000 and does not ex-
ceed $76,000;
37 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $76,000 and does not ex-
ceed $78,000;
38 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $78,000 and does not ex-
ceed $80,000;
39 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $80,000 and does not ex-
ceed $82,000;
40 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $82,000 and does not ex-
ceed $84,000;
41 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $84,000 and does not ex-
ceed $86,000;
42 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $86,000 and does not ex-
ceed $88,000;
43 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $88,000 and does not ex-
ceed $90,000;
44 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $90,000 and does not ex-
ceed $92,000;
45 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $92,000 and does not ex-
ceed $94,000;
46 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $94,000 and does not ex-
ceed $96,000;
47 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $96,000 and does not ex-
ceed $98,000;
48 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $98,000 and does not ex-
ceed $100,000;
52 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $100,000 and does not
exceed $150,000;
56 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $150,000 and does not ex-
ceed $200.000;
60 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $200,000 and does not
exceed $300.000;
63 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $300,000 and does not
exceed $500.000;
64 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $500,000 and does not
exceed $1,000.000;
65 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $1,000,000.
(b) In the case of a bona fide sale of
mines, oil or gas wells, or any interest
therein, where the principal value of the
property has been demonstrated by prospect-
ing1 or exploration and discovery work d9ne
by the taxpayer, the portion of the tax im-
posed by this section attributable to such
sale shall not exceed 20 per centum of the
eelling price of such property or interest.
Net Income Defined.
Sec. 212. (a) That in the case of an in-
dividual the term "net income" means the
gross income as denned in section 213, less
the deductions allowed by section 214.
(b) The net income shall be computed upon
;he basis of the taxpayer's annual accounting
period (fiscal year or calendar year, as the
case may be) in accordance with the method
of accounting- regularly employed in keeping
the books of such taxpayer; but if no such
method of accounting- has been so employed,
or if the method employed does not clearly
reflect the income, the computation shall be
made upon such basis and in such manner as
in the opinion of the commissioner does
clearly reflect the income. If the taxpayer's
annual accounting- period is other than a
fiscal year as defined in section 200 or if
the taxpayer has no annual accounting period
or does not keep books, the net income shall
be computed on the basis of the calendar
year.
If a taxpayer changes his accounting period
from fiscal year to calendar year, from cal-
endar year to fiscal year, or from one fiscal
sear to another, the net income shall, with
the approval of the commissioner, be com-
puted on the basis of such new accounting
period, subject to the provisions of section
226.
Gross Income Defined.
Sec. 213. That for the purposes of this
title (except as otherwise provided in section
233) the term "gross income" —
(a) Includes gains, profits and income de-
rived from salaries, wages or compensation
for personal service (including in the case of
the president of the United States, the judges
of the Supreme and inferior courts of the
United States, and all other officers and em-
ployes, whether elected or appointed, of the
United States. Alaska. Hawaii or any po-
litical subdivision thereof, or the District of
Columbia, the compensation received as such),
of whatever kind and in whatever form paid,
or from professions, vocations, trades, busi-
nesses, commerce or sales, or dealings in
property, whether real or personal, growing
out of the ownership or use of or interest in
such property; also from interest, rent, divi-
dends, securities or the transaction of any
business carried on for gain or profit, or
gains or profits, and income derived from any
source whatever. The amount of all such
items shall be included in the gross income
for the taxable year in which received by the
taxpayer, unless, under methods of account-
ing permitted under subdivision (b) of sec-
tion 212, any such amounts are to be prop-
erly accounted for as of a different period:
but
(b) Does not include the following items,
which shall be exempt from taxation under
this title:
(1) The proceeds of life insurance policies
paid upon the death of the insured to indi-
vidual beneficiaries or to the estate of the
insured :
(2) The amount received by the insured as
a return of premium or premiums paid by
him under life insurance, endowment or an-
nuity contracts, either during the term or at
the maturity of the term mentioned in the
contract or upon surrender of the contract:
(3) The value of property acquired by gift,
bequest, devise or descent (but the income
from such property shall be included in gross
income) ;
(4) Interest upon (a) the obligations of a
state, territory or any political subdivision
thereof, or the District of Columbia; or (b)
securities issued under the provisions of the
federal farm loan act of July 17, 1916; or
(c) the obligations of the United States or
its possessions: or fd) bonds issued by the
war finance corporations : Provided, That every
person owning any of the obligations, securities
or bonds enumerated in clauses (a), (b), (c)
and (d) shall, in the return required by this
40
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
title, submit a statement showing- the num
ber and amount of such obligations, secu
rities and bonds owned by him and the incom
received therefrom, in such form and wit
such information as the commissioner ma
require. In the case of obligations of th
United States issued after Sept. 1. 1917. an
in the case of bonds issued by the War Financ
corporation, the interest shall be exempt on!
if and to the extent provided in the respectiv
acts authorizing- the issue thereof as amende
and supplemented, and shall be excluded from
gross income only if and to the extent it i
wholly exempt from taxation to the taxpaye
both under this title and under Title III.;
(5) The income of foreign governments re
ceived from investments in the United State
in stocks, bonds or other domestic securities
owned by such fpreign governments, or from
interest on deposits in banks in the Unite(
States of moneys belonging to such foreign
governments, or from any other source withir
the United States;
(6) Amounts received, through accident o
health insurance or under workmen's com
pensation acts, as compensation for persona
injuries or sickness, plus the amount of anj
damages received whether by suit or agree
ment on account of such injuries or sickness
(7) Income derived from any public utility
or the exercise of any essential governmenta
function and accruing- to any state, territory
or the District of Columbia, or any politica
subdivision of a state or territory, or income
accruing to the government of any possession
of the United States or any political subdi
vision thereof.
Whenever any state, territory or the Dis
trict of Columbia, or any political subdivision
of a state or territory, prior to Sept. 8, 1916
entered in good faith into a contract with
any person, the object and purpose of which
is to acquire, construct, operate or maintain
a public utility, no tax shall be levied under
the provisions of this title upon the income
derived from the operation of such public
utility, so far as the payment thereof v/ii
impose a Ipss or burden upon such otat,
territory. District of Columbia or politica:
subdivision: but this provision is not intended
to confer upon such person any financial gain
or exemption or to relieve such person from
the payment of a tax as provided for in this
title upon the part or portion of such i .come
to which such person is entitled under such
contract ;
(8) So much of the amount received dur
ing the present war by a person in the mill
tary or naval forces of the United States
as salary or compensation in any form from
the United States for active services in euch
forces as does not exceed S3. 500.
(c) In the case of nonresident alien indi-
viduals, gross income includes only the gross
income from sources within the United States,
including- interest on bonds, notes or other
interest-bearing obligations of residents, cor-
porate or otherwise, dividends from resident
corporations, and including all amounts re-
ceived (although paid under a contract for
the sale of goods or otherwise) representing
profits on the manufacture and disposition
of goods within the United States.
Deductions Allowed. •
Sec. 214. (a) That in computing- net in-
come there shall be allowed as deductions:
II) All the ordinary and necessary expenses
paid or incurred during the taxable year in
carrying on any trade or business, including
a reasonable allowance for salaries or other
compensation for personal services actually
rendered, and including rentals or other pay-
ments required to be made as a condition to
the continued use or possession, for purposes
the taxpayer has not taken or is not takine
title or in which he has no equity;
(2) All interest paid or accrued within the
taxable year on indebtedness, except on in?
debtedness incurred or continued to purchase
or carry obligations or securities (other than
obligations of the United States issued $S£
Sept. 24, 1917), the interest upon which
is wholly exempt from taxation under this
title as income to the taxpayer, or. in the
case of a nonresident alien individual the
proportion of such interest which tke amount
' ffl
(3) Taxes paid or accrued within the tax-
able year imposed (a) by the authority of
the United States, except income, war profits
and excess profits taxes; or <b) by the au-
thority of any of its possessions, except the
amount of income, war profits and excess
fin0,?1^*68 flowed as a credit under sec-
tion 222; or (c) by the authority of anv
state or territory, or any county, school dis-
trict. municipality or other taxing- subdi-
vision of any state or ten-itory, not includ
'nf- ,those assessed - a§rainst l°cal benefits of a
kind tending to increase the value of tho
property assessed; or (d) in the case ef a
citizen or resident of the United Stales by"
the authority of any foreign country? except
the amount of income, -war-profits and exce«V-
profits taxes allowed as
sss ^ &&£
foreign country, except income,
and excess-profits taxes, and taxes
agam,t local benefits of a kind tending to in
crease the value of the property assessed
upon property or business; edt
(4) Losses sustained during the taxable
T not compensated for ** insurant
exce«-
credit under
.
erwise, if incurred in trade or business-
(5) Losses sustained during the taxable
year and not compensated for by insurance cr
any transactin en-
* * > K> .thou^h not connected
the trade or business; but in the case
of a nonresident alien individual only as to
such transactions within the United States-
(6) Losses sustained during the taxable
vear of property not connected with the trade
or business, (but in the case of a nonrlsi-
? IT -?nH ^'Ydual only property within
he United States) if arising from fires.
tortns. shipwreck or other casualty, or from
* asc?rtained to be worthless and
harged off within the taxable year-
(8) A reasonable allowance for the ex-
laustion, wear and tear of property used
n the trade or business, including a reason-
ble allowance for obsolescence;
(9) In the case of buildings, machinery.
qmpment or other facilities constructed
rected, instnlled or acquired, on or after
.pril 6. 1917. for the production of articlet
ontributing to the prosecution of the pres-
nt war, and in the case of vessels construc-l-
d or acquired on or after such date for the
ransportation of articles or men contribul-
ng to the prosecution of the present war.
lere shall be allowed a reasonable deduc-
on for the amortization of such part of the
ost of such facilities or vessels as has been
orne by the taxpayer, but not again includ-
ig any amount otherwise allowed under
lis title pr previous acts of congress as a
sductipn in computing net income. At any
me within three years after the termination
f the present war the commissioner may, and
t the request of the taxpayer shall, re-
_* A» , j — — i— . *• «•«, *Vi tsiA.*ijw^a • VI.A^ IC-VIUCOL \j± IAIC taAUdjci oilall,
ol the trade or business, of property to which examine the return, and if he then finds
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 19:20.
41
a result of an appraisal or from other evi-
dence that the deduction originally allowed
was incorrect, the taxes imposed by this title
and by Title III. for the year or years af-
fected shall be redetermined; and the amount
of tax due upon such redetermination, if any,
shall be paid upon notice and demand by
the collector, or the amount of tax overpaid,
if any, shall be credited or refunded to the
taxpayer in accordance with the provisions
of section 252:
(10) In the ease of mines, oil and g-as wells,
other natural deposits and timber, a rea-
sonable allowance for depletion and for de-
preciation of improvements, according- to the
peculiar conditions in each case, based upon
cost including- cost of development not other-
wise deducted: Provided, That in the case
of such properties acquired prior to March
1, 1913, the fair market value of the prop-
erty (or the taxpayer's interest therein) on
that date shall be taken in lieu of cost up
to that date; Provided further. That in the
case of mines, oil and g-as wells, discovered
by the taxpayer, on or after March 1, 1913,
and not acquired as the result of purchase
of a proven tract or lease, where the fair
market value of the property is materially
disproportionate to the cost, the depletion al-
lowance shall be based upon the fair mar-
ket value of the property at the date of the
discovery, or within thirty days thereafter;
such reasonable allowance in all the above
cases to be made under rules and regula-
tions to be prescribed by the commissioner
with the approval of the secretary. In the
case of leases the deductions allowed by this
paragraph shall be equitably apportioned be-
tween the lessor and lessee;
(11) Contributions or gifts made within
the taxable year to corporations organized
and operated exclusively for religious, char-
itable, scientific or educational purposes,
or for the prevention of cruelty to children
or animals, no part of the net earnings of
which inures to the benefit of any private
stockholder or individual, or to the special
lund for vocational rehabilitation authorized
by section 7 of the vocational rehabilitation
act, to an amount not in excess of 15 per
centum of the taxpayer's net income as com-
puted without the benefit of this paragraph.
Such contributions or gifts shall be allowable
as deductions only if verified under rules and
regulations prescribed by the commissioner,
with the approval of the secretary. In the
case of a nonresident alien individual this de-
duction shall be allowed only as to contribu-
tions or gifts made to domestic corporations,
or to such vocational rehabilitation fund;
(12) (a) At the time of filing- return for
the taxable year 1918 a taxpayer may file a
claim iri abatement based on the fact that
he has sustained a substantial loss (whether
or not actually realized by sale or other dis-
position) resulting- from any material reduc-
tion (not due to temporary fluctuation) of
the value of the inventory for such taxable
year, or from the actual payment after the
close of such taxable year of rebates in pur-
suance of contracts entered into during- such
year upon sales made during- such year. In
such case payment of the amount of the tax
covered by such claim shall not be required
until the claim is decided, but the taxpayer
shall accompany his claim with a bond in
double the amount of the tax covered by the
claim, with sureties satisfactory to the com-
missioner, conditioned for the payment of any
part of such tax found to be due, with
interest. If any part of such claim is dis-
allowed then the remainder of the tax due
shall on notice and demand by the collector
be paid by the taxpayer with interest at the
rate ol 1 per centum per month from the
time the tax would have been due had no
such claim been filed. If it is shown to
the satisfaction of the commissioner that
such substantial loss has been sustained,
then in computing- the tax imposed by this
title the amount of such loss shall be de-
ducted from the net income. (b) If no such
claim is filed, but it is shown to the satis-
faction of the commissioner that during- the
taxable year 1919 the taxpayer has sustained
a substantial loss of the character above de-
scribed then the amount of such loss shall be
deducted from the net income for the taxable
year 1918 and the tax imposed by this title
for such year shall be redetermined accord-
ingly. Any amount found to be due to the
taxpayer upon the basis of such redetermina-
tion shall be credited or refunded to the tax-
payer in accordance with the provisions of
section- 252.
(b) In the case of a nonresident alien in-
dividual the deductions allowed in paragraphs
(1), (4), (7), (8), (9), (10) and (12) and
clause (e) of paragraph (3) of subdvision
(a) shall be allowed only if and to the ex-
tent that they are connected with inc9me
arising from a source within the United
Sates; and the proper apportionment and
allocation of the deductions with respect to
sources of income within and without the
United States shall be determined under rules
and regulations prescribed by the commis-
sioner with the approval of the secretary.
Items Not Deductible.
Sec. 215. That in computing- net income no
deduction shall in any case be allowed in re-
spect of —
(a) Personal, living or family expenses:
(b) Any amount paid out for new buildings
or for permanent improvements or betterments
made to increase the value of any property or
estate;
(c) Any amonut expended in restpring prop-
erty or in making good the exhaustion thereof
for which an allowance is or has been
made: or
(d) Premiums paid on any life insurance
policy covering the life of any officer or em-
ploye, or of any person financially interested
in any trade or business carried on by the
taxpayer, when the taxpayer is directly or in-
directly a beneficiary under such policy.
Credits Allowed.
See. 216. That for the purpose of the nor-
mal tax only there shall be allowed the fol-
lowing credits:
(a) The amount received as dividends from
a corporation which is taxable under this title
upon its net income, and amounts received as
dividends from a personal service corporation
out of earnings or profits upon which income
tax has been imposed by act of cpngress;
(b) The amount received as interest upon
obligations of the United States and bonds is-
sued by the war finance corporation, which is
included in gross income under section 213:
(c) In the case of a single person, a per-
sonal exemption of §1,000, or in the case of
the head of a family or a married person liv-
ing with husband or wife, a personal exemp-
tion of S2.000. A husband and wife living-
together shpll receive but one personal ex-
mption of S2.000 against their aggregate net
income: and in case they make separate re-
turns, the personal exemption of S2.000 may
be taken by either or divided between them:
(d) S200 for each person (other than hus-
band or wife) dependent upon and receiving
his chief support from the taxpayer, if such
dependent person is under 18 years of age
or is incapable of self-support because mentally
or physically defective:
(e) In the case of a nonresident alien indi-
vidual who is a citizen or subject of a coun-
try which imposes an income tax. the credits
42
ALMANAC AND YEAH-BOOK FOR 1920.
allowed in subdivisions (c) and (d) shall be
allowed only if such country allows a similar
credit to citizens of the United States not re-
siding in such country.
Nonresident Aliens — Allowance of Deductions
and Credits.
Sec. 217. That a nonresident alien individual
shall receive the benefit of the deductions and
credits allowed in this title only by filing- or
causing to be filed with the collector a true
and accurate return of his total income re-
ceived from all sources corporate or other-
wise in the United States, in the manner pre-
scribed by this title, including therein all the
information which the commissoner may deem
necessary for the calculation of such deduc-
tions and credits: Provided, That the benefit
of the credits allowed in subdivisions (e) and
(d) of section 216 may, in the discretion of
the commissioner, and except as otherwise pro-
vided in subdivision (e) of that section, be
received by filing a claim therefor with the
withholding agent. In case of failure to file
a return, the collector shall collect the tax on
such income, and all property belonging to
such nonresident alien individual shall be
liable to distraint for the tax.
Partnerships and Personal Service Corporations.
Sec. 218. (a) That individuals carrying on
business in partnership shall be liable for in-
come tax only in their individual capacity.
There shall be included in computing the net
income of each partner his distributive share,
whether distributed or not. of the net income
of the partnership for the taxable year, or.
if his net income for such taxable year is
computed upon the basis pf a period differ-
ent from that upon the basis of which the net
income of the partnership is computed, then
his distributive share of the net income of the
partnership for any accounting period of the
partnership ending within the fiscal or calen-
dar year upon the basis of which the part-
ner's net income is computed.
The partner shall, for the purpose of the
normal tax, be allowed as credits, in addition
to the credits allowed to him under section
216, his proportionate share of such amounts
specified in subdivisions (a) and (b) of sec-
tion 216 as are received by the partnership.
(b) If a fiscal year of a partnership ends
during a calendar year for which the rates
of tax differ from those for the preceding
calendar year, then (1) the rates for such
preceding- calendar year shall apply to an
amount of each partner's share of such part-
nership net income equal to the proportion
which the part of such fiscal year falling-
within such calendar year bears to the full
fiscal year, and (2) the rates for the calen-
dar year during which such fiscal year ends
shall apply to the remainder.
(c) In the case of an individual member of
a partnership which makes return for a fiscal
year beginning in 1917 and ending in 1918,
his proportionate share of any excess profits
tax imposed upon the partnership under the
revenue act of 1917 with respect to that part
of such fiscal year falling in 1917, shall, for
the purpose of determining the tax imposed by
this title, be credited against that portion of
the net income embraced in his personal re-
turn for the taxable year 1918 to which the
rates for 1917 apply.
(d) The net income of the partnership shall
be computed in the same manner and on the
same basis as provided in section 212 except
that the deduction provid d in paragraph (11)
of subdivision (a) of section 214 shall not
be allowed.
(e) Personal service corporations shall not
be subject to taxation under this title, but
the individual stockholders thereof shall be
taxed in the samo manner as the members of
partnerships. All the provisions of this title
relating to partnerships fnd the members
thereof shall so far as practicable apply to
personal service corporations and the stock-
holders thereof: Provided, That for the pur-
pose of this subdivision amounts distributed
by a personal service corporation during its
taxable year shall be accpunted for by the
distributees; and any portion of the net in-
come remaining undistributed at the close of
its taxable year shall be accounted for by the
stockholders of such corporation at the close
of its taxable year in proportion to their re-
spective shares.
Estates and Trusts.
Sec. 219. (a) That the tax imposed by sec-
tions 210 and 211 shall apply to the income
of estates or of any kind of property held
in trust, including—
(1) Income received by estates of deceased
persons during the period of administration or
settlement of the estate;
(2) Income accumulated in trust for the
benefit of unborn or unascertained persons or
persons with contingent interests;
(3) Income held for future distribution tin-
der the terms of the will or trust; and
(4) Income which is to be distributed to
the beneficiaries periodically, whether or not
at regular intervals, and the income collected
by a guardian of an infant to be held or dis-
tributed as the court may direct. .
(b) The fiduciary shall be responsible for
makiiig the return of income for the estate
or trust for which he acts. The net income
of the estate or trust shall be computed in
the same manner and on the same basis as
provided in section 212, except that there
shall also be allowed as a deduction (in lieu
of the deduction authorized by paragraph (11)
of subdivision (a) of section 214) any part
of the gross income which, pursuant to the
terms of the will or deed creating- the trust, is
during the taxable year paid to or permanently
set aside for the United States, any state,
territory, or any political subdivision thereof,
or the District of Columbia, or any corpora-
tion organized and Operated exclusively for
religious, charitable, scientific or educational
purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to
children or animals, no part of the net earn-
ings of which inures to the benefit of any
private stockholder or individual; and in
cases under paragraph (4) of subdivision (a)
of this section the fiduciary shall include in
the return a statement of each beneficiary's
distributive share of such net income, whether
or not distributed before the close of the
taxable year for which the return is made.
(c) In cases under paragraph (1), (2) or
(3) of subdivision (a) the tax shall be im-
posed upon the net income of the estate or
trust and shall be paid by the fiduciary, ex-
cept that in determining the net income of the
estate of any deceased person during- the
period of administration or settlement there
may be deducted the amount of any income
properly paid or credited to any legatee, heir
or other beneficiary. In such cases the estate
or trust shall, for the purpose of the normal
tax. be allowed the same credits as are al-
lowed to single persons under section 216.
(d) In cases under paragraph (4) of sub-
division (a), and in the case of any income
of an estate during the period of administra-
tion or settlement permitted by subdivision
(c) to be deducted from the net income upon
which tax is to be paid by the fiduciary, the
tax shall not be paid by the fiduciary, but
there shall be included in computing the net
income of each beneficiary his distributive
share, whether distributed or not, of the net
income of the estate or trust for the taxable
year, or, if his net income for such taxable
year is computed upon the basis of a period
different from that upon the basis of which
the net income of the estate or trust is com-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
puted, thea his distributive share of the net
income of the estate or trust for any ac-
counting- period of such estate or trust end-
ing- within the fiscal or calendar year upon
the basis of which such beneficiary's net in-
come is computed. In such cases the bene-
ficiary shall, for the purpose of the normal
tax be allowed as credits in addition to the
credits allowed to him under section 216, his
proportionate share of such amounts specified
in subdivisions (a) and (b) of section 216
as are received by the estate or trust.
Profits of Corporations Taxable to Stock-
holders.
Sec. 220. That if any corporation, however
created or organized, is formed or availed of
for the purpose of preventing- the imposition
of the surtax upon its stockholders or mem-
bers through the medium of permitting its
g-ains and profits to accumulato instead of
being- divided or distributed, such corporation
shall not be subject to the tax imposed by
section 230. but the stockholders or members
thereof shall be subject to taxation under this
title in the same manner ,as provided in sub-
division (e) of section 218 in the case of
stockholders of a personal service corporation,
except that the tax imposed by Title III. shall
be deducted from the net income of the cor-
poration before the computation of the pro-
portionate share of each stockholder or mem-
ber. The fact that any corporation is a mere
holding1 company, or that the gains and profits
are permitted to accumulate beyond the rea-
sonable needs of the business, shall be pnma
facie evidence of a purpose to escape the sur-
tax- but the fact that the gains and profits
are in any case permitted to accumulate and
become surplus shall not be construed as evi-
dence of a purpose to escape the tax in such
case unless the commissioner certifies that in
his opinion such accumulation is unreasonable
for the purposes of the business. When re-
quested by the commissioner, or any collector,
every corporation shall forward to him a
correct statement of such gains and profits
and the names and addresses of the individuals
or shareholders who would be entitled to the
same if divided or distributed, and of the
amounts that would be payable to each.
Payment of Tax at Source.
Sec. 221. (a) That all individuals, corpora-
tions and partnerships, in whatever capacity
acting, including lessees or mortgagors of real
or personal property, fiduciaries, employers
and all officers and employes of the United
States, having- the control, receipt, custody,
disposal, or payment, of interest, rent, salaries,
wages, premiums, annuities, compensations, re-
munerations, emoluments, „'»' other fixed or
determinable annual or periodical gains, profits
and income, of any nonresident alien individual
(other than income received as dividends from
a corporation which is taxable under this title
upon its net income) shall (except in the
cases provided for in subdivision (b) and ex-
cept as otherwise provided in regulations pre-
scribed by the commissioner under section
217) deduct and -withhold from such annual
or periodical gains, profits and income a tax
equal to 8 per centum thereof: Provided,
That the commissioner may authorize such
tax to be deducted and withheld from the in-
terest upon any securities the owners of which
are not known to the withholding agent.
(b) In any case where bonds, mortgages or
deeds of trust, or other similar obligations of
a corporation contain a contract or provision
by which the obligor agrees to pay any por-
tion of the tax imposed by this title upon the
obligee, or to reimburse the obligee for any
portion of the tax, or to pay the interest
without deduction for any t°x which" the
Obligor may be required or permitted to pay
thereon or to retain therefrom under any law
of the United States, the obligor shall deduct
and withhold a tax equal to 2 per centum of
the interest upon such bonds, mortgages,
deeds of trust or other obligations, whether
such interest is payable annually or at shorter
or longer periods and whether payable to a
•nonresident alien individually or to an indi-
vidual citizen or resident of the United States
or to a partnership: Provided, That the com-
missioner may authorize such tax to be de-
ducted and withheld in the case of interest
upon any such bonds, mortgages, deeds of
trust or other obligations, the owners of which
are not known to the withholding agent. Such
deduction and withholding shall not be re-
quired in the case of a citizen or resident
entitled to receive such interest, if he files
with the withholding agent on or before Feb.
1, a signed notice in writing claiming the
benefit of the credits provided in subdivisions
(c) and (d) of section 216; nor in the case
of a nonresident alien individual if so provided
for in regulations prescribed by the commis-
sioner under section 217.
(c) Every individual, corporation, or part-
nership required to deduct and withhold any
tax under this section shall make return
thereof on or before March 1 of each year
and shall on or before June 15 pay the tax
to the official of the United States govern-
ment authorized to receive it. Eveiy such in-
dividual, corporation or partnership is hereby
made liable for such tax and is hereby indem-
nified against the claims and demands of any
individual, corporation or partnership for the
amount of any payments made in accordance
with the provisions of this section.
(d) Income upon which any tax is required
to be withheld at the source under this sec-
tion shall be included in the return of the
recipient of sudh income, but any amount of
tax so withheld shall be credited against the
amount of income tax as computed in such
return.
(e) If any tax required under this section
to be deducted and withheld is paid by the
recipient of the income, it shall not be re-
collected from the withholding agent: nor in
cases in which the tax is so paid shall any
penalty be imposed iipon or collected from the
recipient of the income or the withholding
agent for failure to return or pay the same,
unless such failure was fraudulent and for the
purpose of evading payment.
Credit for Taxes.
Sec. 222. (a) That the tax computed under
Part II. of this title shall be credited with:
(1) In the caso of a citizen of the United
States, the amount of any income, war profits
and excess profits taxes paid during the
taxable year to any foreign country, upon
income derived from sources therein, or to
any possession of the United States: and
(2) In the case of a resident of the United
States the amount of any such taxes paid
duriner the tnxable year to any possession of
the United States; and
(3) In the case of an alien resident of the
United States who is a citizen or subject of
a foreign country, the amount of any such
taxes paid during the taxable year to such
country, upon income derived from sources
therein, if such country, in imposing such
taxes, allows a similar credit to citizens of the
United States residing in such country; and
(-1) In the case of any such individual who
is a member of a partnership or a beneficiary
of an estate or trust, his proportionate share
of such taxos of th^ pai-tnershin or the estate
or trust paid during- the taxable year to a
foreign country or to any possession of the
United States, as the case may b".
(b) If accrued taxes when paid differ from
the amounts claimed as credits by the tax-
payer, or if any tax paid is refunded in whole
44
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
or in part, the taxpayer shall notify the com-
missioner, who shall redetermine the amount
of the tax due under Part II. of this title for
the year or years affected, and the amount of
tax due upon such redetermination, if any.
shall be paid by the taxpayer upon notice and
demand by the collector, or the amount of
tax overpaid, if any, shall be credited or re
funded to the taxpayer in accordance with the
provisions of section 252. In the case of such
a tax accrued but not paid, the commissioner
as a condition precedent to the allowance of
this credit may require the taxpayer to give a
bond with sureties satisfactory to and to be
approved by the commissioner in such pena]
sum as the commissioner may require, condi
tioned for the payment by the taxpayer of any
amount of tax found due upon any such re-
determination; and the bond herein prescribed
shall contain such further conditions as the
commissioner may require.
(c) These credits shall be altowed only if the
taxpayer furnishes evidence satisfactory to the
commissioner showing- the amount of income
derived from sources within such foreign coun-
try or such possession of the United States,
and all other information necessary for the
computation of such credits.
Individual Returns.
Sec. 223. That every individual having- a net
income for the taxable year of $1,000 or over
if single or if married and not living- with
husband or wife, or of $2,000 or over if
married and living1 with husband or wife,
shall make under oath a return stating- spe-
cifically the items of his gross income and
the deductions and credits allowed by this
title. If a husband and wife living- together
have an aggregate net income of $2,000 or
over, each shall make such -a return unless
the income of each is included in a single
joint return.
If the taxpayer is unable to make his own
return, the return shall be made by a duly
authorized agent or by the guardian or other
person charged with the care of the person
or property of such taxpayer.
Partnership Returns.
Sec. 224. That every partnership shall make
a return for each taxable year, stating- spe-
cifically the items of its gross income and the
deductions allowed by this title, and shall in-
clude in the return the names and addresses
of the individuals who would be entitled to
share in the net income if distributed and the
amount of the distributive share of each indi-
vidual. The return shall be sworn to by any
one of the partners.
Fiduciary Returns.
Sec. 225. That every fiduciary (except re-
ceivers appointed by authority of law in pos-
session of part only of the property of an in-
dividual) shall make under oath a return for
the individual, estate or trust for which he
acts (1) if the net income of such individual
is 351,000 or over if single or if married and
not hying- with husband or wife, or $2,000 or
over if married and living- with husband or
wife, or (2) if the net income of such estate
or trust is $1,000 or over or if any beneficiary
of such estate or trust is a nonresident alien,
stating- specifically the items of the gross in-
come and the deductions and credits allowed
by this title. Under such regulations as the
commissioner with the approval of the secre-
tary may prescribe, a return made by one of
two or more joint fiduciaries and filed in the
office of the collector of the district where
such fiduciary resides shall be a sufficient com-
pliance with the above requirement. The
fiduciary shall make oath that he has suffi-
cient knowledg-e of the affairs of such indi-
vidual, estate or trust to enable him to make
the return, and that the same is, to the best
of his knowledg-e and belief, true and correct.
Fiduciaries required to make returns under
this act shall be subject to all the provisions
of this act which apply to individuals.
Returns When Accounting Period Changed.
Sec. 226. That if a taxpayer, with the ap-
proval of the commissioner, chang-es the basia
of computing- net income from fiscal year to
calendar year a separate return shall be made
for the period between the close of the last
fiscal year for which return was made and the
following- Dec. 31. If the change is from cal*
endar year to fiscal year, a separate return
shall be made for the period between the close
of the last calendar year for which return was
made and the date designated as the close ol
the fiscal year. If the change is from one
fiscal year to another fiscal year a separate
return shall be made for the period betweec
the close of the former fiscal year and the
date designated as the close of the new fisca:
year. If a taxpayer making his first returr
for income tax keeps his accounts on the basis
of a fiscal year he shall make a separate re-
turn for the period between the beginning oJ
the calendar year in which such fiscal yeai
ends and the end of such fiscal year.
In all of the above cases the net income
shall be computed on the basis of such perioc
for which separate return is made, and the
tax shall be paid thereon at the rate for the
calendar year in which such period is in-
cluded: and the credits provided in subdivi-
sions (c) and (d) of section 216 shall be re-
duced respectively to amounts which bear the
same ratio to the full credits provided in suet
subdivisions as the number of months IB
such period bears to twelve months.
Time and Place for Filing Returns.
Sec. 227. (a) That returns shall be made
on or before the fifteenth day of the third
month following- the close of the fiscal year,
or, if the return is made on the basis of the
calendar year, then the return shall be made
on or before the 15th day of March. The
commissioner may grant a reasonable exten-
sion of time for filing returns whenever in his
judgment good cause exists and shall keep
a record of every such extension and the rea-
son therefor. Except in the case of tax-
payers who are abroad, no such extension shall
be for more than six months.
(b) Returns shall be made to the collector
for the district in which is located the legal
residence or principal place of business of the
person making- the return, or, if he has no
legal residence or principal place of business
in the United States, then to the collector at
Baltimore, Md.
Understatement in Returns.
Sec. 228. That if the collector or deputy col-
lector has reason to believe that the amount
of any income returned is understated, he
shall give due notice to the taxpayer making-
the return to show cause why the amount of
the return should not be increased, and upon
proof of the amount understated, may increase
the same accordingly. Such taxpayer may
furnish sworn testimony to prove any relevant
facts and if dissatisfied with the decision of
the collector may appeal to the commissioner
for his decision, under such rules of pro-
cedure as may be prescribed by the commis-
sioner with the approval of the secretary.
PART III.— CORPORATIONS.
Tax on Corporations.
Sec. 230. (a) That, in lieu of the taxes im-
posed by section 10 of the revenue act of
1916, as amended by the revenue act of 1917,
and by section 4 of the revenue act of 1917,
there shall be levied, collected and paid for
each taxable year upon the net income of every
corporation a tax at the following- rates:
(1) For the calendar year 1918. 12 per
centum of the amount of the net income in
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
45
excess of the credits provided in section 236:
and
(2) For each calendar year thereafter. 10
per centum of such excess amount.
(b) For the purposes of the act approved
March 21. 1918, entitled "An act to provide
for the operation of transportation systems
while under federal control, for the just com-
pensation of their owners, and for other pur-
poses." five-sixths of the tax imposed by para-
graph (1) of subdivision (a) and four-fifths
of the tax imposed by paragraph (2) of sub-
division (a) shall be treated as levied by an
act in amendment of Title I. of the revenue
act of 1917.
Conditional and Other Exemptions.
Sec. 231. That the following- organizations
shall be exempt from taxation under this
title—
(1) Labor, agricultural or horticultural or-
ganizations;
(2) Mutual saving's banks not having a cap-
ital stock represented by shares;
(3) Fraternal beneficiary societies, orders or
associations, (a) operating under the lodge
system or for the exclusive benefit of the
members of a fraternity itself operating under
the lodge system, and (b) providing for the
payment of life, sick, accident or other ben-
efits to the members of such society, order or
association or their dependents;
(4) Domestic building and loan associations
and co-operative banks without capital stock
organized and operated for mutual purposes |
and without profit;
(5) Cemetery companies owned and operated
exclusively for the benefit of their members;
(6) Corporations organized and operated ex-
clusively for religious, charitable, scientific
or educational purposes, or for the prevention
of cruelty to children or animals, no part of
the net earnings of which inures tp the benefit
of any private stockholder or individual;
(7) Business leagues, chambers of commerce
or boards of trade, not organized for profit
and no part of the net earnings of which
inures to the benefit of any private stockholder
or individual;
(8) Civic leagues or organizations not or-
ganized for profit but operated exclusively for
the promotion of social welfare;
(9) Clubs organized and op3rated exclusively
for pleasure, recreation and other nonprofitable
purposes, no part of the net earnings of which
inures to the benefit of any private stock-
holder or member:
(10) Farmers' or other mutual hail, cyclone
or fire insurance companies, mutual ditch or
irrigation companies, mutual or co-operative
telephone companies, or like organizations of
a purely local character, the income 'of which
consists solely of assessments, dues and fees
collected from members for the sole purpose
of meeting- expenses:
(11) Farmers', fruit growers' or like associ-
ations, organized and operated as sales agents
for the purpose of marketing the products of
members and turning back to them the pro-
ceeds of sales, less the necessary selling ex-
penses, on the bas's of the quantity of
produce furnished by them;
(12) Corporations organized for the exclu-
sive purpose of holding title to property, col-
lecting income therefrom and turning over the
entire amount thereof, less expenses, to an or-
ganization which itself is exempt from the tax
imposed by this title;
(13) Federal land banks and national farm-
loan associations as provided in section 26
of the act approved July 17, 1916. entitled
An act to provide capital for agricultural de-
velopment, to create standard forms of invest-
ment based upon farm mortgage, to equalize
rates of interest upon farm loans, to furnish
a market for United States bonds, to create
government depositaries and financial agents
for the United States and for other purposes":
(14) Personal service corporations.
Net Income Defined.
Sec. 232. That in the case of a corporation
subject to the tax imposed by section 230 the
term "net income" means the gross income as
defined in section 233 less the deductions al-
lowed by section 234. and the net income shall
be computed on the same basis as is pro-
vided in subdivision (b) of section 212 or in
section 226.
Gross Income Defined.
Sec. 233. (a) That in the case of a cor-
poration subject to the tax imposed by sec-
tion 230 the term "gross income" means the
gross income as defined in section 213. ex-
cept that:
(1) In the case of life insurance companies
there shall not be included in gross income
such portion of any actual premium received
from any individual policyholder as is paid
back or credited to or treated as an abate-
ment of premium of such policyholder within
the taxable year.
(2) Mutual marine insurance companies shall
include in gross income the gross premiums
collected and received by them less amounts
paid for reinsurance.
(b) In the case of a foreign corporation
gross income includes only the gross income
from sources within the United States, in-
cluding the interest on bonds, notes or other
interest-bearing obligations of residents, cor-
porate or otherwise, dividends from resident
corporations, and including- all amounts re-
ceived (although paid under a contract for
the sale of goods or otherwise) representing
profits on the manufacture and disposition of
goods within the United States.
Deductions Allowed.
Sec. 234. (a) That in computing the net
income of a corporation subject to the tax
imposed by section 230 there shall be allowed
as deductions:
(1) All the ordinary and necessary expenses
paid or incurred during the taxable year in
carrying on any trade or business, including a
reasonable allowance for salaries or other com-
pensation for personal services actually ren-
dered, and including rentals or other payments
required to be made as a condition to the
continued use or possession of property to
which the corporation has not taken or is
not taking title, or in which it has no equity;
(2) All interest paid or accrued within the
taxable year on its indebtedness, except on
indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase
or carry obligations or securities (other than
obligations of the United States issued after
Sept. 24, 1917) the interest upon which is
wholly exempt from taxation under this title
as income to the taxpayer, or, in the case of
a foreign corporation, the proportion of such
interest which the amount of its gross in-
come from sources within the United States
bears to the amount of its gross income from
all sources within and without the United
States;
(3) Taxes paid or accrued within the tax-
able year imposed (a) by the authority of the
United States, except income, war profits and
excess profits taxes: or (b) by the authority
of any of its possessions, except the amount of
income, war profits and excess profits taxes
allowed as a credit under section 238: or (c)
by the authority of any state or territory, or
any county, school district, municipality or
other taxing subdivision of any state or ter-
ritory, not including those assessed against
local benefits of a kind tending to increase the
value of the property assessed; or (d) in the
case of a domestic corporation, by the au-
thority of any foreign country, except the
amount of income, war profits and excess
46
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
profits taxes allowed as a credit under sec-
tion 238: or (e) in the case of a foreign cor-
poration, by the authority of any foreign
country (except income, war profits and ex-
cess profits taxes, and taxes assessed against
local benefits of a kind tending to increase the
value of the property assessed), upon the
property or business: Provided. That in the
case of obligors specified in subdivision (b)
of section 221 no deduction for the payment
of the tax imposed by this title or any other
tax paid pursuant to the contract or provi-
sion referred to in that subdivision, shall be
(4) Losses sustained during- the taxable year
and not compensated for by insurance or
(5) Debts ascertained to be worthless and
charged off within the taxable year;
(6) Amounts received as dividends from a
corporation which is taxable under this title
upon its net income, and amounts received as
dividends from a personal service corporation
out of earnings or profits upon -which income
tax has been imposed by act of congress;
(7) A reasonable allowance for the exhaus-
tion, wear and tear of property used in the
trade or business, including a reasonable al-
lowance for obsolescence;
(8) In the case of buildings, machinery,
equipment or other facilities constructed
erected, installed or acquired, on or after April
6 1917, for the production of articles con-
tributing to the prosecution of the present
war and in the case of vessels constructed or
acquired on or after such date for the trans-
portation of articles or men contributing; to
the prosecution of the present war, there shall,
be allowed a reasonable deduction for the
amortization of such part of the cost of such
facilities or vessels as has been borne by the
taxpayer, but not again including any amount
otherwise allowed under this title or previous
acts of congress as a deduction in computing
net income. At any time within three years
after the termination of the present war the
commissioner may, and at the request of the
taxpayer shall, re-examine the return, and if
he then finds as a result of an appraisal, or
from other evidence that the deduction origi-
nally allowed was incorrect, the taxes imposed
by this title and by Title III. for the year
or years affected shall be redetermined and the
amount of tax due upon such redetermination
if any, shall be paid upon notice and demand
by the collector, or the amount of tax over-
paid if any, shall be credited or refunded to
the taxpayer in accordance with the provi-
sions of section 252;
(9) In the case of mines, oil and gas wella.
other natural deposits and timber, a reason-
able allowance for depletion and for depreda-
tion of improvements, according to the pecul-
iar conditions in each case, based upon cost
including- cost of development not otherwise
deducted: Provided, That in the case of such
properties acquired prior to March 1, 191,i.
the fair market value of the property (or the
taxpayer's interest therein) on that date shall
be taken in lieu of cost up to that date: Pro-
vided further. That in the case of mines, oil
and pas w^lls. discovered by the taxpayer on
or after March 1. 1913, and not acquired as
the result of purchase of a proven tract or
lease, where the fair market value of the
property is materially disproportionate to the
-cost the depletion allowance phall be based
upon the fair market value of the property at
the date of the discovery, or within thirty
days thereafter; such reasonable allowance in
all the above cases to be made under rules
and regulations to be prescribed by the com-
missioner with the approval of the secretary
In the case of leases the deductions allowed
"by this paragraph shall be equitably appor-
tioned between the lessor and lessee:
(10) In the case of insurance companies, in
addition to the above: (a) The net addition
required by law to be made within the tax-
able year to reserve funds (including in the
case of assessment insurance companies the
actual deposit of sums with state or terri-
torial officers pursuant to law as additions to
guaranty or reserve funds) ; and (b) the sums
other than dividends paid within the taxable
year on policy and annuity contracts;
(11) In the case of corporations issuing pol-
icies covering life, health and accident insur-
ance combined in one policy issued on the
\yeekly premium payment plan continuing for
life and not subject to cancellation, in addition
to the above, such portion of the net addition
(not required by law) made within the tax-
able year to reserve funds as the commissioner
finds to be required for the protection of the
holders of such policies only;
(12) In the case of mutual marine insur-
ance companies, there shall be allowed, in
addition to the deductions allowed in para-
graphs (1) to (10), inclusive, amounts re-
paid to policyholders on account of premiums
previously paid by them, and interest paid
upon such amounts between the ascertainment
and the payment thereof:
(13) In the case of mutual insurance com-
panies (other than mutual life or mutual
marine insurance companies) requiring their
members to make premium deposits to provide
for losses and expenses, there shall be al-
lowed, in addition to the deductions allowed
in paragraphs (1) to (10). inclusive (unless
otherwise allowed under such paragraphs), the
amount of premium deposits returned to their
policyholders and the amount of premium de-
posits retained for the payment of losses, ex-
penses and reinsurance reserves;
(14) (a) At the time of filing return for
the taxable year 1918 a taxpayer may file a
claim in abatement based on the fact that he
has sustained a substantial loss (whether or
not actually realized by sale or other dispo-
sition) resulting from any material reduction
(not due to temporary fluctuation) of the
value of the inventory for such taxable year,
or from the actual payment after the close
of such taxable year of rebates in pursuance
of contracts entered into during such year
upon sales made during such year. In such
case payment of the amount of the tax cov-
ered by such claim shall not be required until
the claim is decided, but the taxpayer shall
accompany his claim with a bond in double
the amount of the tax covered by the claim,
with sureties satisfactory to the commissioner,
conditioned for the payment of any part of
such tax found to be due. with interest. If
any part of such claim is disallowed then the
remainder of the tax due shall on notice and
demand by the collector be paid by the tax-
payer with interest at the rate of 1 per centum
per month from the time the tax would have
been due had no such claim been filed. If
it is shown to the satisfaction of the com-
missioner that such substantial loss has been
sustained, then in computing- the taxes im-
posed by this title and by Title III. the amount
of such loss shall be deducted from the net
income, (b) If no such claim is filed, but it
is shown to the satisfaction of the commis-
sioner that during the taxable year 1919 th^
taxpayer has sustained a substantial loss of
the character above described then the amount
of such loss shall be deducted from the net
income fo^ the taxable year 1918 and the
taxes imposed by this title and by Title III.
for such year shall be redptermined accord-
ingly. Any amoiint found to be d\ie to the
taxpayer upon th* basis of such redetermina-
tion shall be credited or refunded to the tax-
payer in accordance with the provisions of
section 252.
(b) In the case of a forHgrn corporation the
deductions allowed in subdivision (a), except
those allowed in paragraph (2) and in clausea
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
47
(a), (b) and (c) of paragraph (3), shall be
allowed only if and to the extent that they
are connected with income arising- from a
source within the United States; and the
proper apportionment and allocation of the
deductions with respect to sources of income
within and without the United States shall
be determined under rules and regulations pre-
scribed by the commissioner with the approval
of the secretary.
Items Not Deductible.
Sec. 235. That in computing- net income no
deduction /shall in any case be allowed in re-
spect of any of the items specified in sec-
tion 215.
Credits Allowed.
Sec. 236. That for the purpose only of the
tax imposed by section 230 there shall be al-
lowed the following- credits:
(a) The amount received as interest upon
obligations of the United States and bonds
issued by the War Finance corporation, which
is included in gross income under section 233:
(b) The amount of any taxes imposed by
Title III. for the same taxable year: Provided,
That in the case of a corporation which makes
return for a fiscal year beginning- in 1917 and
ending in 1918, in computing- the tax as pro-
vided in subdivision (a) of section 205, the
tax computed for the entire period under Title
II. of the revenue act of 1917 shall be credited
against the net income computed for the en-
tire period under Title I. of the revenue act
of 1916 as amended by the revenue act of
1917 and under Title I. of the revenue act of
1917, and the tax computed for the entire
period under Title III. of this act at the rates
prescribed for the calendar year 1918 shall
be credited against the net income computed
for the entire period under this title: and
(c) In the case of a domestic corporation,
$2,000.
Payment of Tax at Source.
Sec. 237. That in the case of foreigTi cor-
porations subject to taxation under this title
not engaged in trade or business within the
United States and not having- any office or
place of business therein, there shall be de-
ducted and withheld at the source in the same
manner and upon the same items of income
as is provided in section 221 a tax equal to
10 per centum thereof, and such tax shall be
returned and paid in the same manner and
subject to the same conditions as provided in
that section: Provided. That in the case of
interest described in subdivision (b) of that
section the deduction and withholding- shall be
at the rate of 2 per centum.
Credit for Taxes.
Sec. 238. (a) That in the case of a domes-
tic corporation the total taxes imposed for the
taxable year by this title and by Title III.
shall be credited with the amount of any in-
come, war profits and excess profits taxes paid
during the taxable year to any foreign coun-
try, upon income derived from sources therein,
or to any possession of the United States.
If accrued taxes when paid differ from the
amounts claimed as credits by the corpora-
tion, or if any tax paid is refunded in whole
or in part, the corporation shall at once notify
the commissioner, who shall redetermine the
amount of the taxes due under this title and
under Title III. for the year or years affected,
and the amount of taxes due upon such re-
determination, if any, shall be paid by the
corporation upon notice and demand by the
collector, or the amount of taxes overpaid, if
any, shall be credited or refunded to the cor-
poration in accordance with the provisions
of section 252. In the case of such a tax
accrued but not paid, the commissioner as a
condition precedent to the allowance of this
credit may require the corporation to give a
bond with sureties satisfactory to and to be
approved by him in such penal sum as he
may require, conditioned for the payment by
the taxpayer of any amount of taxes found
due upon any such redetermination; and the
bond herein prescribed shall contain such fur-
| ther conditions as the commissioner may re-
i quire.
(b) This credit shall be allowed only if the
taxpayer furnishes evidence satisfactory to the
commissioner showing the amount of income
derived from sources within such foreign coun-
try or such possession of the United States,
as the case may be, and all other information
necessary for the computation of such credit.
(c) If a domestic corporation makes a re-
turn for a fiscal year beginning in 1917 and
ending in 1918, only that proportion of this
credit shall be allowed which the part of such
period within the calendar year 1918 bears to
the entire period.
Corporation Returns.
Sec. 239. That every corporation subject to
taxation under this title and every personal
service corporation shall make a return, stat-
ing specifically the items of its gross income
and the deductions and credits allowed by this
title. The return shall be sworn to by the
president, vice-president or other principal offi-
cer and by the treasurer or assistant treasurer.
If any foreign corporation has no office or
place of business in the United States but
has an agent in the United States, the return
shall be made by the agent. In cases where
receivers, trustees in bankruptcy, or assignees
are operating- the property , or business of
corporations, such receivers, trustees or as-
signees shall make returns for such corpora-
tions in the same manner and form as cor-
porations are required to make returns. Any
tax due on the basis of such returns made by
•receivers, trustees or assignees shall be col-
lected in the same manner as if collected from
the corporations of whose business or property
they have custody and control.
Returns made under this section shall be
subject to the provisions of sections 226 and
228. When return is made under section 226
the credit provided in subdivision (c) of sec-
tion 236 shall be reduced to an amount which
bears the same ratio to the full credit therein
provided as the number of months in the
period for which such return is made bears
to twelve months.
Consolidated Returns.
Sec. 240. (a) That corporations •which are
affiliated within the meaning of this section
shall, under regulations to be prescribed by
the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, make a consolidated return of net
income and invested capital for the purposes
of this title and Title III. and the taxes there-
under shall be computed and determined upon
the basis of such return: Provided, That there
shall be taken out of such consolidated net
income and invested capital, the net income
and invested capital of any such affiliated
corporation organized after Aug. 1, 1914, and
not successor to a then existing business, 50
per centum or .more of whose gross income
consists of gains, profits, commissions or other
income, derived from a government contract
or contracts made between April 6, 1917, and
Nov. 11, 1918, both dates inclusive. In such
case the corporation so taken out shall be sep-
arately assessed on the basis of its own in-
vested capital and net income and the remain-
der of such affiliated group shall be assessed
on the basis of the remaining consolidated in-
vested capital and net income.
In any case in which a tax is assessed upon
the basis of a consolidated return, the total
tax shall be computed in the first instance
as a unit and shall then be assessed upon the
respective affiliated corporations in such pro-
portions as may be agreed upon among them,
or. in the absence of any such agreement,
then on the basis of the net income properly
48
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
assignable to each. There shall be allowed in
computing- the income tax only one specific
credit of $2,000 (as provided in section 23(3) ;
in computing1 the war profits credit (as pro-
vided in section 311) only one specific exemp-
tion of $3,000; and in computing- the excess
profits credit (as provided in section 312)
only one specific exemption of 83,000.
(b) For the purpose pf this sectfon two or
more domestic corporations shall be deemed
to be affiliated (1) if one corporation owns
directly or controls through closely affiliated
interests or by a nominee or nominees sub-
stantially all the stock of the other or others.
or (2) if substantially all the stock of two
or more corporations is owned or controlled
by the same interests.
(c) For the purposes of section 238 a do-
mestic corporation • which owns a majority of
the voting- stock of a foreig-n corporation shall
be deemed to have paid the same proportion
of any income, war profits and excess profits
taxes paid (but not including taxes accrued)
by such foreign corporation during the tax-
able year to any foreign country or to any
possession of the United States upon income
derived from sources without the United
States which the amount of any dividends
(not deductible under section 234) received
by such domestic cprporation from such for-
eign corporation during the taxable year bears
to the total taxable income of such foreign
corporation upon or with respect to which
such taxes were paid: Provided, That in no
such case shall the amount of the credit for
euch taxes exceed the amount of such divi-
dends (not deductible under section 234) re-
ceived by such domestic corporation during
the taxable year.
Time and Place for Filing Returns.
Sec 241. (a) That returns of corporations
shall be made at the same time as is pro-
vided in subdivision (a) of section 227
(b) Returns shall be made to the collector
of the district in which is located the prin-
cipal place of business or principal office or
agency of the corporation, or, if it has no
principal place of business or principal office
or agency in the United States, then to the
collector at Baltimore, Md.
PART IV.— ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.
Payment of Taxes.
Sec 250 (a) That except as otherwise pro-
vided in this section and sections 221 and
237 the tax shall be paid in four install-
ments, each consisting- of one-fourth of the
total amount of the tax. The first install-
ment shall be paid at the time fixecl by law
for filing the return, and the second install-
ment shall be paid on the fifteenth day of
the third month, the third installment on the
fifteenth day of the sixth month, and the
fourth installment on the fifteenth day of
the ninth month, after the time fixed by law
for filing the return. 'Where an extension
of time for filing a return is granted the
time for payment of the first installment
shall be postponed until the date of the ex-
piration of the period of the extension, but
the time for payment of the other install-
ments shall not be postponed unless the com-
missioner so provides in granting the ex-
tension. In any case in which the time for
the payment of any installment is at the
request of the taxpayer thus postponed, there
shall be added as part of such installment in-
terest thereon at the rate of J2 of 1 per
centum per month from the time it would
have been due if no extension had been
granted, until paid. If any installment is
not paid when due. the whole amount of the
tax unpaid shall become due and payable
upon notice and demand by the collector.
The tax may at the option of the tax-
payer be paid in a single payment instead of
in installments, in which case the total
amount shall be paid on or before the time
fixed by law for filing the return, or where
an extension of time for filing the return has
been granted, on or before the expiration of
the period of such extension.
(b) As soon as practicable after the return
is filed, the commissioner shall examine it.
If it then appears that the correct amount
of the tax is greater or less than that shown
in the return, the installments shall be re-
computed. If the amount already paid ex-
ceeds that which should have been paid on
the basis of the installments as recomputed,
the excess so paid shall be credited against
the subsequent installments; and if the
amount already paid exceeds the correct
amount of the tax, the excess shall be cred-
ited or refunded to the taxpayer in accord-
ance with the provisions of section 252.
If the amount already paid is less than
that which should have been paid, the dif-
ference shall, to the extent not covered by
any credits then due to the taxpayer under
section 252, be paid upon notice and demand
by the collector. In such case if the return
is made in good faith and the understate-
ment of the amount in the return is not due
to any fault of the taxpayer, there shall be
no penalty because of such understatement.
If the understatement is due to negligence
on the part of the taxpayer, but without in-
tent to defraud, there shall be added as part
of the tax 5 per centum of the total amount
of the deficiency, plus interest at the rate
of 1 per centum per month on the amount
of the deficiency of each installment from
the time the installment was due.
If the understatement is false or fraudulent
with intent to evade the tax, then, in lieu
of the penalty provided by section 3176 of
the revised statutes, as amended, for false or
fraudulent returns willfully made, but in
addition to other penalties provided by law
for false or fraudulent returns, there shall
be added as part of the tax 50 per centum
of the amount of the deficiency.
(c) If the return is made pursuant to sec-
tion 3176 of the revised statutes as amend-
ed, the amount of tax determined to be due
under such return shall be paid upon notice
and demand by the collector.
(d) Except in the case of false or fraud-
ulent returns with intent to evade the tax.
the amount of tax due under any return shall
be determined and assessed by the commissioner
within five years after the return was due
or was made, and no suit or proceeding for
the collection of any tax shall be begun
after the expiration of five years after the
date when the return was due or was made.
In the case of such false or fraudulent re-
turns, the amount of tax due may be de-
termined at any time after the return is
filed, and the tax may be collected at any
time after it becomes due.
(e) If any tax remains unpaid after the
date when it is due, and for ten days after
notice and demand by the collector, then,
except in the case of estates of insane, de-
ceased, or insolvent persons, there shall be
added as part of the tax the sum of 5 per
centum on the amount due but unpaid, plus
interest at the rate of 1 per centum per
month upon such amount from the time it
became due: Provided, That as to any such
amount which is the subject of a bona fide
claim for abatement such sum of 5 per
centum shall not be added and the interest
from the time the amount was due until the
claim is decided shall be at the rate of %
of 1 per centum per month.
In the case of the first installment provided
for in subdivision (a) the instructions print-
ed on the return shall be deemed sufficient
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
notice of the date when the tax is due and
sufficient demand, and the taxpayer's com-
putation of the tax on the return shall be
deemed sufficient notice of the amount due.
m In any case in which in order to en-
force payment of a tax it is necessary for a
Elector to cause a warrant of distraint to
be served there shall also be added as part
of the tax the sum of $5.
(g-) If the commissioner finds that : tax-
payer designs quickly to depart from the
United States or to remove his property there-
from or to conceal himself or his property
therein or to do any other act tending .to
p^Iudice or to render wholly or partly in-
effectual proceedings to collect the tax for
the taxable year then last past or the tax-
able year then current unless such proceed-
ings be brought without delay, the commis-
sioner shall declare the taxable period for
such taxpayer terminated at the end of the
calendar month then last past and shall cause
notice of such finding and declaration to be
given the taxpayer, together with a Demand
for immediate payment of the. tax for the
taxable period so declared terminated and of
the tax for the preceding taxable year or so
much of said tax as is unpaid, whether or
not the time otherwise allowed by law for
filing return and paying the tax has expired;
and such taxes shall thereupon become im-
mediately due and payable. In any action
or suit brought to enforce payment of taxes
made due and payable by virtue of the pro-
visions of this subdivision the finding of
the commissioner, made as herein provided,
whether made after notice to the taxpayer
or not, shall be for all purposes presumptive
evidence of the taxpayer's design. A tax-
payer who is not in default in making any
return or paying income, war-profits, or
excess-profits tax under any act of congress
mav furnish to the United States, under reg-
ulations to be prescribed by the commissioner
with the approval of the secretary, security
approved by the commissioner that he will
duly make the return next thereafter required
to be filed and pay the tax next thereafter
required to be paid. The commissioner may
approve and accept in like manner security
for return and payment of taxes made due
and payable by virtue of the provisions of
this subdivision, provided the taxpayer has
paid in full all other income, war-profits or
excess-profits taxes due from him under any
act of congress. If security is approved and
accented pursuant to the provisions of thfs
subdivision and such further or other se-
curity with respect to the tax or taxes cov-
ered thereby is given as the commissioner
shall from time to time find necessary and
require, payment of such taxes shall not be
enforced by any proceedings under the pro-
visions of this subdivision prior to the ex-
piration of the time otherwise allowed for
paying such respective taxes.
Receipts for Taxes.
Sec. 251. That every collector to whom any
payment of any tax is made under the pro-
visions of this title shall upon request give
to the person making such payment a full
written or printed receipt, stating the amount
paid and the particular account for which
such payment was made; and whenever any
debtor pays taxes on account of payments
made or to be made by him to separate cred-
itors the collector shall, if requested by such
debtor, give a separate receipt for the tax
paid on account of each creditor in such form
that the debtor can conveniently produce
such receipts separately to his several cred
itors in satisfaction of their respective de
mands up to the amounts stated in the re-
ceipts; and such receipt shall be sufficient
evidence in favor of such debtor to justify
him in withholding from his next payment
to his creditpr the amount therein stated;
but the creditor may, upon giving to his
debtor a full written receipt acknowledging
the payment to him of any sum actually
paid and accepting the amount of tax paid
as aforesaid (specifying the same) as a fur-
ther satisfaction of the debt to that amount,
require the surrender to him of such collect-
or's receipt.
Refunds.
Sec. 252. That if. upon examination of
any return of income made pursuant to this
act, the act of Aug. 5, 1909. entitled "An
act to provide revenue, equalize duties, and
encourage the industries of the United States,
and for other purposes." the act of Oct. 3,
1913, entitled "An act to reduce tariff duties
and to provide revenue for the government,
and for other purposes," the revenue act
f 1916, as amended, or the revenue act of
1917. it appears that an amount of income,
war-profits or excess-profits tax has been paid
n excess of that properly due. then, not-
withstanding- the provisions of section 3228
>f the revised statutes, the amount of the
xcess shall be credited against any income,
war-profits or excess-profits taxes, or install-
ment thereof, then due from the taxpayer
inder any other return, and any balance of
mch excess shall bo immediately refunded
o the taxpayer: Provided, That no such
credit or refund shall be allowed or made
after five years from the date when the re-
urn was due, unless before the expiration of
such five years a cla'm therefor is filed by
;he taxpayer.
Penalties.
See. 253. That any individual, corporation or
partnership required under this title to pay
or collect any tax, to make a return or to
supply information, who fails to pay or col-
lect such tax, to make such return, or to
supply such information at the time or times
required under this title, shall be liable to a
penalty of not more than SI. 000. Any indi-
vidual, corporation or partnership, or any offi-
cer or employe of any corporation or member
or employe of a partnership, who "willfully
refuses to pay or collect such tax. to make
such return, or to supply such information
at the time or times required under this title,
or who willfully attempts in any manner to
defeat or evade the tax imposed by this title,
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor an/1 shall be
fined not more than &10.000 or imprisoned
for not more than one year, or both, together
with the costs of prosecution.
Returns of Payments of Dividends.
See. 254. That every corporation subject to
the tax imposed by this title and every per-
sonal service corporation shall, when required
by the commissioner, render a correct return
duly verified under oath, of its payments of
dividends, stating the name and address of
each stockholder, the number of shares owned
by him and the amount of dividends paid to
him.
Returns of Brokers.
Sec. 255. That every individual, corporation
or partnership doing business as a broker
shall, when required by the commissioner,
render a correct return duly verified under oath,
under such rules and regulations as the com-
missioner, with the approval of the secretary,
may prescribe, showing the names of cus-
tomers for whom such individual, corporation
or partnership has transacted any business,
with such details as to the profits, losses or
other information which the commissioner may
require, as to each of such customers, as will
enable the commissioner to determine whether
all income tax due on profits or gains of such
customers has been paid.
so
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Information at Source.
Sec. 256. That all individuals, corporations
and partnerships, in whatever capacity act-
ing:, including- lessees or mortgagors of real or
perspnal property, fiduciaries and employers,
making1 payment to another individual, corpo-
ration or partnership, of interest, rent, salaries,
wages, premiums, annuities, compensations,
remunerations, emoluments or other fixed or
determinable g-ains, profits and income (other
than payments described in sections 254 and
255). of $1.000 or more in any taxable year,
or, in the case of such payments made by the
United States, the officers or employes of the
United States having- information as to such
payments and reauired to make returns in re-
g-ard thereto by the regulations hereinafter
provided for. shall render a true and accurate
return to the commissioner, under such regu-
lations and in such form and manner and to
such extent as may be prescribed by him with
the approval of the secretary, setting; forth
the amount of such gains, profits and income,
and the name and address of the recipient of
such payment.
Such returns may be required, regardless of
amounts (1) in the case of payments of in-
terest upon bonds, mortgages, deeds of trust
or other similar obligations of corporations,
and (2) in the case of collections of items
(not payable in the United States) of interest
upon, the bonds of foreign countries and in-
terest upon the bonds of and dividends from
foreign corporations by individuals, corpora-
tions or partnerships, undertaking as a mat-
ter of business or for profit the collection of
foreign payments of such interest or dividends
by means of coupons, checks or bills of ex-
change.
When necessary to make effective the pro-
visions of this section the name and address
of the recipient of income shall be furnished
upon demand of the individual, corporation or
partnership paying the income.
The provisions of this section shall apply
to the calendar year 1918 and each calendar
year thereafter, but shall not apply to the
payment of interest on obligations of the
United States.
Returns to Be Public Records.
Sec. 257. That returns upon which the tax
has been determined by the commissioner shall
constitute public records; but they shall be
open to inspection only upon order of the
president and under rules and regulations pre-
scribed by the secretary and approved by the
president: Provided. That the proper officers
of any state imposing an income tax may,
upon the request of the governor thereof,
have access to the returns of any corpora-
tion, or to an abstract thereof showing the
name and income of the corporation, at such
times and in such manner as the secretary
may prescribe: Provided further. That all
bona fide stockholders of record owning 1
per centum or more of the outstanding stock
of any corporation shall, upon making request
of the commissioner, be allowed to examine
the annual income returns of such corpora-
tion and of its subsidiaries. Any stockholder
who pursuant to the provisions of this sec-
tion is allowed to examine the return of any
corporation, and who makes known in any
manner whatever 'not provided by law the
amount or source of income, profits, losses,
expenditures or any particular thereof, set
forth or disclosed in any such return, shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor and be punished
by a fine not exceeding SI, 000, or by im-
prisonment not exceeding one year, or both.
The commissioner shall, as soon as practi-
cable in each year, cause to be prepared and
made available to public inspection in such
manner as he may determine, in the office of
the collector in each internal revenue district
and in such other places as he may deter-
mine, lists containing the names and the post-
office addresses of all individuals making in-
come tax returns in such district.
Publication of Statistics.
Sec. 258. That the commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, shall prepare and
publish annually statistics reasonably avail-
able with reepect to the operation of the in-
come, war profits and excess profits tax laws,
including classifications of taxpayers and of
income, the a mounts allowed as deductions,
exemptions and credits, and any other facts
deemed pertinent and valuable.
Collection of Foreign Items.
Sec. 259. That all individuals, corporations
or partnerships undertaking as a matter of
business or for profit the collection of foreign
payments of interest or dividends by means
of cpupons. checks or bills of exchange shall
obtain a license from the commissioner and
shall be subject to such regulations enabling
the government to obtain the information re-
quired under this title as the commissioner,
with the approval of the secretary, shall pre-
scribe: and whoever knowingly undertakes to
collect such payments without having obtained
a license therefor, or without complying with
such regulations, shall be guilty of a misde-
meanor and shall be fined not more than
$5.000, or imprisoned for not more than one
year, or both.
Citizens of United States Possessions.
Sec. 260. That any individual who is a citi-
zen of any possession of the United States
(but not otherwise a citizen of the United
States) and who is not a resident of the
United States, shall be subject to taxation
under this title only as to income derived
from sources within the United States, and in
such case the tax shall be computed and paid
in the same manner and subject to the same
conditions as in the case of other persons
who are taxable only as to income derived
from such sources.
Porto Rico and Philippine Islands.
Sec. 261. That in Porto Rico and the Philip-
pine islands the income tax shall be levied,
assessed, collected and paid in accordance with
the provisions of the revenue act of 1916 as
amended. v
Returns shall be made and taxes shall be
paid under Title I. of such act in Porto Rico
or the Philippine islands, as the case may be.
by (1) every individual who is a citizen or
resident of Port9 Rico or the Philippine
islands or derives income from sources therein,
and (2) every corporation created or organ-
ized in Porto Rico or the Philippine islands
or deriving income from sources therein. An
individual who is neither a citizen nor a resi-
dent of Porto Rico or the Philippine islands
but derives income from sources therein, shall
be taxed in Porto Rico or the Philippine
islands as a nonresident alien individual, and
a corporation created or organized outside
Porto Rico er the Philippine islands and de-
riving income from sources therein shall be
taxed in Porto Rico or the Philippine islands
as a foreign corporation. For the purposes of
section 216 and of paragraph (6) of subdi-
vision (a) of section 234 a tax imposed in
Porto Rico or the Philippine islands upon the
net income of a corporation shall not be
deemed to be a tax under this title.
The Porto Rican or Philippine legislature
shall have power by due enactment to amend,
alter, modify or repeal the income tax laws
in force in Porto Rico or the Philippine
islands, respectively.
TITLE III.— WAR-PROFITS AND EXCESS-
PROFITS TAX.
Part I.— General Definitions.
Sec. 300. That when used in this title the
terms "taxable year." "fiscal year," "personal
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
51
service corporation," "paid or accrued," and
"dividends" shall have the same meaning- as
provided lor the purposes of income tax in
sections 200 and 201. The first taxable year
for the purposes of this title shall be the
same as the first taxable year for the pur-
poses of the income tax under Title II.
Part II.— Imposition of Tax.
Sec. 301. (a) That in lieu of the tax im-
posed by Title II. of the revenue act of 1917.
but in addition to the other taxes imposed
by this act. there shall be levied, collected
and paid for the taxable year 1918 upon the
net income of every corporation a tax equal
to the sum of the following:
First Bracket.
30 per centum of the amount of the net
income in excess of the excess profits credit
(determined under section 312) and not in
excess of 20 per centum of the invested
capital;
Second Bracket.
65 per centum of fhe amount of the net
income in excess of 20 per centum of the
invested capital;
Third Bracket.
The sum. if any, by which 80 per centum
of the amount of the net income in excess
of the war-profits credit (determined under
section 311) exceeds the amount of the tax
computed under the first and second brackets.
(b) For the taxable year 1919 and each
taxable year thereafter there shall be levied,
collected and paid upon the net income of
every corporation (except corporations tax-
able under subdvision (c) of this section) a
tax equal to the sum of the following".
First Bracket
20 per centum of the amount of the net
income in excess of the excess profits credit
(determined under section 312) and not in
excess of 20 per centum of the invested
capital;
Second Bracket
40 per centum of the amount of the net
income in excess of 20 per centum of the
invested capital.
(c) For the taxable year 1919 and each
taxable year thereafter there shall be levied,
collected and paid upon the net income of
every corporation which derives in such year
a net income of more than $10,000 from
any government contract or contracts made
between April 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918,
both dates inclusive, a tax equal to the sum
of the following- :
(1) Such a portion of a, tax computed at
the rates specified in subdivision (a) as the
part of the net income attributable to such
government contract or contracts bears to
the entire net income. In computing euch
lix the excess-profits credit and the war-
profits credit applicable to the taxable year
Shall be used;
(2) Such a portion of a tax computed at
the rates specified in subdivision (b) as the
part of the net income not attributable to
such government contract or contracts bears
to the entire net income.
For the purpose of determining the part
of the net income attributable to such gov-
ernment contract or contracts, the proper ap-
portionment and allocation of the deductions
with respect to gross income derived from
such government contract or contracts and
from other sources, respectively, shall be
determined under rules and regulations pre-
scribed by the commissioner with the ap-
proval of the secretary.
(d) In any case where the full amount
of the excess-profits credit is not allowed un-
der the first bracket of subdivision (a) or
(b). by reason of the fact that such credit
is in excess of 20 per centum of the invested
capital, the part not so allowed shall be de-
ducted from the amount in the second bracket.
(e) For the purposes of the act approved
March 21, 1918, entitled "An act to pro-
vide for the operation of transportation sys-
tems while under federal control, for the just
compensation of their owners, and for other
purposes." the tax imposed by this title shall
be treated as levied by an act in amendment
of Title II. of the revenue act of 1917.
Sec. 302. That the tax imposed by subdi-
vision (a) of section 301 shall in no case
be more than 30 per centum of the amount
of the net income in excess of $3,000 and not
in excess of $20,000, plus 80 per centum of
the amount of the net income in excess ol
$20,000; the tax imposed by subdivision (b)
of section 301 shad in no case be more
than 20 per centum of the amount of the
net income in excess of $3,000 and not in
excess of $20,000, plus 40 per centum of
the amount of the net income in excess of
$20,000; and the above limitations shall ap-
ply to the taxes computed under subdivisions
(a) and (b) of section 301. respectively,
when used in subdivision (c) of that sec-
tion. Nothing- in this section shall be con-
strued in such manner as to increase the tax
imposed by section 301.
Sec. 303. That if part of the net income
of a corporation is derived (1) from a trade
or business (or a branch of a trade or busi-
ness) in which the employment of capital is
necessary, and (2) a part (constituting not
less than 30 per centum of its total net in-
come) is derived from a separate trade or
business (or a distinctly separate branch of
the trade or business) which if constituting
the sole trade or business would bring it
within the class of "personal service corpora-
tions," then (under regulations prescribed by
the commissioner with the approval of the
secretary) the tax upon the first part of such
net income shall be separately computed (al-
lowing in such computation only the same
proportionate part of the credits authorized
in sections 311 and 312). and the tax upon
the second part shall be the same percentage
thereof as the tax so computed upon the
first part is of such first part: Provided,
That -the tax upon such second part shall in
no case be less than 20 per centum thereof,
unless the tax upon the entire net income, if
computed without benefit of this section,
would constitute less than 20 per centum of
such entire net income, in which event the
tax shall be determined upon the entire net
income, without reference, to this section, as
other taxes are determined under this title.
The total tax computed under this section
shall be subject to the limitations provided
in section 302.
Sec. 304. (a) That the corporations enu-
merated in section 231 shall, to the extent
that they are exempt from income tax under
Title II.. be exempt from taxation under this
title.
(b) Any corporation whose net income for
the taxable year is less than $3.000 shall be
exempt from taxation under this title.
(c) In the case of any corporation engaged
in the mining of gold, the portion of the net
income derived from the mining of gold shall
be exempt from the tax imposed by this title,
and the tax on the remaining pprtion of the
net income shall be the proportion ol a tax
cpmputed without the benefit of this subdi-
vision which such remaining portion of the
net income bears to the entire net income.
Sec. 305. That if a tax is computed under
this title for a period of less than twelve
months, the specific exemption of $3.000.
wherever referred to in this title, shall be
reduced to an amount which is the same
proportion of $3,000 as the number of
months in the period is of twelve months.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
PART III.— CREDITS.
Sec. 310. That as used in this title the term
"prewar period" means the calendar years
1911, 1912 and 1913, or. if a corporation
was not in existence during- the whole of such
period, then as many of such years during1
the whole of which the corporation was in
existence.
Sec. 311. (a) That the war profits credit
shall consist of the sum of:
(1) A specific exemption of 83,000: and
(2) An amount equal to the average net
income of the corporation for the prewar
period, plus or minus, as the case may be,
10 per centum of the difference between the
average invested capital for the prewar period
and the invested capital for the taxable year.
If the tax is computed for a period of less
than twelve months such amount shall be re-
duced to the same proportion thereof as the
number of months in the period is of twelve
months.
(b) If the corporation had no net income
for the prewar period, or if the amount com-
puted under paragraph (2) of subdivision (a)
is less than 10 per centum of its invested
capital for the taxable year, then the war
profits credit shall be the sum of:
(1) A specific exemption of $3,000: and
(2) An amount equal to 10 per centum of
the invested capital for the taxable year.
(c) If the corporation was not in existence
during- the whole of at least one calendar
year during- the prewar period, then, except
as provided in subdivision (d) , the war profits
credit shall be the sum of:
(1) A specific exemption of $3,000: and
(2) An amount equal to the same percent-
age of the invested capital of the taxpayer
for the taxable year as the average percent-
age of net income to invested capital for the
prewar period, of corporations engag-ed in a
trade or business of the same general class as
that conducted by the taxpayer: but such
amount shall in no case be less than 10 per
centum of the invested capital of the tax-
payer for the taxable year. Such average per-
centage shall be determined by the commis-
sioner on the basis of data contained in re-
turns made under Title II. of the revenue act
of 1917, and the average known as the
median shall be used. If such average per-
centage has not been determined and published
at least 30 days prior to the time when the
return of the taxpayer is due, then for pur-
poses of such return 10 per centum shall be
used in lieu thereof: but such average per-
centage when determined shall be used for
the purposes of section 250 in determining- the
correct amount of the tax.
(d) The war profits credit shall be deter-
mined in the manner provided in subdivision
(b) instead of in the manner provided in
subdivision (c), in the case of any corpora-
tion which was not in existence during- the
whole of at least one calendar year during
the prewar period, if (1) a majority of its
stock at any time during- the taxable year
is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly,
by a corporation which was in existence dur-
ing- the whole of at least one calendar year
during the prewar period, or if (2) 50 per
centum or more of its gross income (as com-
puted under section 233 for income tax pur-
poses) consists of gains, profits, commissions,
or other income, derived from a government
contract or contracts made between April 6,
1917, and Nov. 11. 1918. both dates inclusive.
(e) A foreign corporation shall not be en-
titled to a specific exemption of S3, 000.
Sec. 312. That the excess profits credit shall
consist of a specific exemption of $3,000 plus
an amount equal to 8 per centum of the in-
vested capital for the taxable year.
A foreign corporation shall not be entitled
to the specific exemption of $3,000.
PART IV.— NET INCOME.
Sec. 320. (a) That for the purpose of this
title the net income of a corporation shall be
ascertained and returned —
(1) For the calendar years 1911 and 1912
upon the same basis and in the same manner
as provided in section 38 of the act entitled
"An act to provide revenue, equalize duties
and encourage the industries of the United
States, and for other purposes," approved
Aug-. 5, 1909, except that taxes imposed by
such section and paid by the corporation
within the year shall be included;
(2) For the calendar year 1913 upon the
same basis and in the same manner as provided
in section 2, of the act entitled "An act to
reduce tariff duties and to provide revenue
for the g-overnment, and for other purposes,"
approved Oct. 3, 1913, except that taxes im-
posed by section 38 of such act of Aug-. 5.
1909, and paid by the corporation within the
year shall be included, and except that the
amounts received by it as dividends upon the
stock or from the net *earnings of other cor-
porations subject to the tax imposed by sec-
tion 2 of such act of Oct. 3. 1913. shall be
deducted: and
(3) For the taxable year upon the same
basis and in the same manner as provided for
income tax purposes in Title II. of this act.
(b) The average net income for the prewar
period shall be determined by dividing the
number of years within that period during- the
whole of which the corporation was in exist-
ence into the sum of the net income for such
years, even though there may have been no
net income for one or more of such years.
Part V.— Invested Capital.
Sec. 325. (a) That as used in this title—
The term "intangible property" means pat-
ents, copyrights, secret processes and
formulae, good will, trade-marks, trade-brands,
franchises and other like property:
The term "tangible property" means stocks,
bonds, notes and other evidences of indebted-
ness, bills and accounts receivable, leaseholds
and other property other than intangible
property :
The term "borrowed capital" means money
or other property borrowed, whether repre-
sented by bonds, notes, open accounts or
otherwise ;
The term "inadmissible assets" means stocks,
bonds and other obligations (other than obli-
gations of the United States) , the dividend or
interest from which is not included in comput-
ing- net income, but where the income derived
from such assets consists in part of g-ain or
profit derived from the sale or other disposi-
tion thereof, or where all or part of the inter-
est derived from such assets is in effect in-
cluded in the net income because of the
limitation on the deduction of interest under
paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of section
234, a corresponding- part of the capital in-
vested in such assets shall not be deemed to
be inadmissible assets;
The term "admissible assets" means all as-
sets other than inadmissible assets, valued in
accordance with the provisions of subdivision
(a) of section 326, section 330, and section
331.
(b) For the purpose of this title, the par
value of stock or shares shall, in the case of
stock or shares issued at a nominal value or
having- no par value, be deemed to be the
fair market value as of the date or dates of
issue of such stock or shares.
Sec. 326. (a) That as used jn this title the
term "invested capital" for any year means
(except as provided in subdivisions (b) and
(c) of this section) :
(1) Actual cash bona fide paid in lor stock
or shares:
(2) Actual cash value of tangible property.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
53
other than cash, bona fide paid in for stock
or shares, at the time of such payment but
in no case to exceed the par value of the
original stock or shares specifically issued
therefor, unless the actual cash value of such
tangible property at the time paid in is shown
to the satisfaction of the commissioner to
have been clearly and substantially in excess
of such par value, in which case such excess
shall be treated as paid-in surplus: Provided
That the commissioner shall keep a record of
all cases in which tangible property is included
in invested capital at a value in excess of the
stock or shares issued therefor, containing; the
name and address of each taxpayer, the busi-
ness in which engaged, the amount of in-
vested capital and net income shov/n by the
return, the value of the tangible property at
the time p..U in, the par value of the stock
or shares specifically issued therefor, and the
amount included under this paragraph as
paid-in surplus. The commissioner shall fur-
nish a copy of such record and other detailed
information with respect to such cases when
required by resolution of either house of con-
gress, without regard to the restrictions con-
tained in section 257:
(3) Paid-in or earned surplus and undivided
profits: not including surplus and undivided
profits earned during the year;
(4) Intangible property bona fide paid in for
Btock or shar i prior to March 3, 1917. in an
amount not exceeding (a) the actual cash
value of such property at the time paid in.
(b) the par value of the stock or shares issued
therefor, or (c) in the aggregate 25 per
centum of the par value of the total stock
or shares of the corporation outstanding on
March 3, 1917. whichever is lowest:
(5) Intangible property bona fide paid in i for
stock or shares on or after March 3. 1917,
in an amount not exceeding (a) the actual
cash value of such property at the time paid
in (b) the par value of the stock or shares
issued therefor, or (c) in the aggregate 25
per centum of the par value of the total
stock or shares of the corporation outstanding
at the beginning of the taxable year, which-
ever is lowest: Provided, That in no case
shall the total amount included under para-
graphs (4) and (5) exceed in the aggregate
25 per centum of the par value of the total
stock or shares of the corporation outstand-
ing at the beginning of the taxable year: but
(b) As used in this title the term "invested
capital" does not include borrowed capital.
(c) There shall be deducted from invested
capital as above defined a percentage thereof
?qual to the percentage which the amount of
nadmissible assets is of the amount of ad-
missible and inadmissible assets held during
the taxable year.
(d) The invested capital for any period shnll
be the average invested capital f9r such period,
but in the case of a corporation making a
return for a fractional part of a year, it shall
(except for the purpose of paragraph (2) of
subdivision (a) of section 311) be the same
fractional part of such average invested cap-
The average invested capital for the prewar
period shall be determined by dividing the
number of years within that period during
the whole of which the corporation was in
existence into the sum of the average invested
capital for such years.
Sec. 327. That in the following cases the
tax shall be determined as provided in sec-
tion 328:
(a) Where the commissioner is unable to
determine the invested captial as provided in
section 326:
(b) In the case of a foreign corporation:
(c) Where a mixed aggregate of tangible
property and intangible property has been paid
in for stock or for stock and bonds and the
commissioner is unable satisfactorily to de-
termine the respective values of the several
classes of property at the time of payment
or to distinguish the classes of property paid
in for stock and for bonds, respectively;
(d) Where upon application by the cor-
poration the commissioner finds and so de-
clares of record that the tax if determined
without benefit of this section would, owing-
to abnormal conditions affecting- the capital
or income of the corporation, work upon the
corporation an exceptional hardship evidenced
by gross disproportion between the tax com-
puted without benefit of this section and the
tax computed by reference to the representa-
tive Generations specified in section 328.
This subdivision shall not apply to any case
(1) in which the tax (computed without ben-
efit of this section) is high merely because
the corporation earned within the taxable
year a high rate of profit upon a normal in-
vested capital, nor (2) in which 50 per
centum or more of the gross income of the
corporation for the taxable year (computed
under section 233 of Title II) consists of
gains, profits, commissions or other income,
derived on a cost-plus basis from a govern-
ment contract or contracts made between
April 6. 1917, and Nov. 11. 1918, both dates
inclusive.
Sec. 328. (a) In the cases specified in sec-
tion 327 the tax shall be the amount which
bears the same ratio to the net income of
the taxpayer (in excess of the specific exemp-
tion of $3,000) for the taxable year, as the
average tax of representative corporations en-
gaged in a like or similar trade or business,
bears to their average net income (in excess
of the specific exemption of $3.000) for such
year. In the case of a foreign corporation
the tax shall be computed without deducting
the specific exemption of $3,000 either for
the taxpayer or the representative corpora-
tions.
In computing the tax under this section the
commissioner shall compare the taxpayer only
with representative corporations whose in-
vested capital can be satisfactorily determined
under section 326 and which are. as nearly
as may be, similarly circumstanced with re-
spect to gross income, net income, profits per
unit of business transacted and capital em-
ployed, the amount and rate of war profits or
excess profits, and all other relevant facts and
circumstances.
(b) For the purposes of subdivision (a) the
ratios between the average tax and the aver-
age net income of representative corporations
shall be determined by the commissioner in
accordance with regulations prescribed by him
with the approval of the secretary.
In cases in which the tax is to be com-
puted under this section, if the tax as com-
puted without the benefit of this section is
less than 50 per centum of the net income
of the taxpayer, the installments shall in the
first instance be computed upon the basis of
such tax; but if the tax so computed is 50
per centum or more of the net income, the
installments shall in the first instance be
computed upon the basis of a tax equal to
50 per centum of the net income. In any
case, the actual ratio when ascertained shall
be used in determining the correct amount of
the tax. If the correct amount of the tax
when determined exceeds 50 per centum of
the net income, any excess of the correct in-
stallments over the amounts actually paid
shall 9n notice and demand be paid together
with interest at the rate of % of 1 per
centum per month on such excess from the
time the installment was due.
(c) The commissioner shall keep a record of
all cases in which the tax is determined in
the manner prescribed in subdivision (a), con-
taining- the name and address of each tax-
54
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
payer, the business in which engaged, the
amount of invested capital and net income
shown by the return, and the amount of in-
vested capital as determined under such sub-
division. The commissioner shall furnish a
copy of such record and other detailed in-
formation with respect to such cases when
required by resolution of either house of con-
gress, without regard to the restrictions con-
tained in section 257.
Part VI.— Reorganizations.
Sec. 330. That in the case of the reorgan-
ization, consolidation or change of ownership
after Jan. 1. 1911. of a trade or business
now carried on by a corporation, the corpo-
ration shall for the purposes of this title be
deemed to have been in existence prior to
that date, and the net income and invested
capital of such predecessor trade or business
for all or any part of the prewar period prior
to the organization of the corporation now
carrying on such trade or business shall be
deemed to have been the net income and in-
vested capital of such corporation.
If such predecessor trade or business was
carried on by a partnership or individual the
net income for the prewar period shall, under
regulations prescribed by the commissioner
with the approval of the secretary, be ascer-
tained and returned as nearly as may be
upon the same basis and in the same manner
as provided for corporations in Title II., in-
cluding a reasonable deduction for salary or
compensation to each partner or the individ-
ual for personal services actually rendered.
In the case of the organization as a corpo-
ration before July 1. 1919, of any trade or
business in which capital is a material income
producing factor and which was previously
owned by a partnership or individual, the net
income of such trade or business from Jan.
1. 1918, to the date of such reorganization
may at the option of the individual or part-
nership be taxed as the net income of a cor-
poration is taxed under Titles II. and III.: in
which event the net income and invested cap-
ital of such trade or business shall be com-
puted as if such corporation had been in ex-
istence on and after Jan. 1, 1918, and the un-
distributed profits or earnings of such trade
or business shall not be subject to the sur-
tax imposed in section 211, but amounts dis-
tributed on or after Jan. 1, 1918, from the
earnings of such trade or business shall be
taxed to the recipients as dividends, and all
the provisipns of Titles II. and III. relating
to corporations shall so far as practicable ap-
ply to such trade or business: Provided, That
this paragraph shall not apply to any trade or
business the net income of which for the tax-
able year 1918 was less than 20 per centum
of its invested capital for such year: Provided,
further, That any taxpayer who takes advan-
tage of this paragraph shall pay the tax im-
posed by section 1000 of this act and by the
first subdivision of section 407 of the revenue
act of 1916. as ft such taxpayer had been a
corporation on and after Jan. 1, 1918, with a
capital stock having no par value.
If any asset of the trade or business in ex-
istence both during the taxable year and any
prewar year is included in the invested capi-
tal for the taxable year but is not included
in the invested capital for such prewar year,
or is valued on a different basis in comput-
ing the invested capital for the taxable year
and such prewar year, respectively, then under
rules and regulations to be prescribed by the
commissioner with the approval of the secre-
tary such readjustments shall be made as are
necessary to place the computation of the in-
vested capital for such prewar year on the
basis employed in determining the invested
capital for the taxable year.
Sec. 331. In the case of the reorganization,
consolidation or change of ownership of a
trade or business, or change of ownership of
property, after March 3, 1917, if an interest
or control in such trade or business or prop-
erty of 50 per centum or more remains in
the same persons, or any of them, then no
asset transferred or received from the previ?
ous. owner shall, for the purpose of dS-
minmg invested capital, be allowed a greater
value than would have been allowed undlr
this title in computing the invested capital of
such previous owner if such asset had not
been so transferred or received: Provided
That if such previous owner was not a cor":
poration, then the value of any asset so
transferred or received shall be taken at its
C0?t J3^ attrition (at the date when ac
quired by such previous owner) with proper
allowance for depreciation, impairment, better-
ment or development, but no addition to thV
original cost shall be made for any charge or
expenditure deducted as expense or otherwise
" 1913 in coMSTtX
°Wner for PUI"
Part VII.— Miscellaneous.
Sec. 335. (a) That if a corporation (other
than a personal service corporation) makps
return for a fiscal year beginning in 1917 and
ending in 1918, the tax for the first taxable
year under this title shall be the sum of •
(1) the same proportion of a tax for the en-
tire period computed under Title II of
of the entire period and (2) thf>
same proportion of a tax forthe entire
period computed under this title at the ra el
the11 SSP iViSi°? (aV0f s^ti°n 301
Are Portion of such period falling-
thA calendar year 1918 is of the
e o,so
the amount of the tax imposed by thtettl
the excess shall be credited or refunded to the
of sectfon^S accordance with th° Provision!
(b) If a corporation makes return for a
1919 th|rtabxe8fnnin8' in«19\8 and ending in
ti *io ' v5.t iax^or such fiscal year under this
title shall be the sum of: (1.) the same pro
portion of a tax for the entire period com-
wh>h U/hder subdivision (a) of section 301
?*V?r £?e P°rtl°n of such period fallimr
Se period ? Wor, yf£r 1918 is °* fi^S
tire period, and (2) the .same proportion of
tubdfvisfnn % GntlIT ^period comPuted under
subdivision (b) or (c) of section 301 which
the portion of Such period falling within the
calendar year 1919 is of the entire period
11 a partnership or a personal service
corporation makes return for a fiscal vear
beginning in 1917 and ending in 1918 it shall
pay the. same proportion, of a tax for the en-
tire period computed under Title II of the
revenue act of 1917 which the portion of
1917 fs^ofth3111"?- Within the calendar year
A entire period
"
Sec Qmrr,°neoi7Rly °r illegally collected.
ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 1920,
t
hereby made
by this title,
a bona fide
Sec 337 That in the oase , •
R^le shall not exceed 20 per centum of the
wllinl pricS of such property or interest.
TITLE IV.— ESTATE TAX.
<?PP 400 That when used in this title—
fn the United' States, then the collector of the
or if such part of the gross estate Is
Title II of the revenue act of
S? o
°off
the United States:
1 per centum of the amount of the net
— of $50.000:
2 r>er centum or the amount by which the
v net estate exceeds $50,000 and does not ex-
Ce|dp?r5c°enU?m of the amount by which the
net elfate exceeds $150,000 and does not ex-
Ce4dpSe?52ent2m of the amount by which the
net Ste exceeds $250.000 and does not ex-
nf tbe amount bv which the
ne" esAair>^d°sf $45eOOOOUand does not ex-
nf the amount by which the
ne°t estatr^ceed0sf$75eo,omO°Uand does not ex-
CG10 Sr°wntSm: of the amount by which the
net estate excePds $1,000.000 and does not ex-
ceed $1.500.000: . . , .,
1° per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $1.500.000 and does not ex-
C614 ?er0?e°n?Sm of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $2,000.000 and does not ex-
C616 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $3,000,000 and does not ex-
18 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $4,000.000 and does not ex
ceed $5.000.000:
"0 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $5.000,000 and does not ex
ceed $8.000.000:
°2 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $8.000,000 and does not ex
ce^d $10.000.000: and
25 per centum of the amount by which ti
net estate exceeds $10.000.000.
The taxes imposed by this title or by Title
II of the revenue act of 1916 (as amended
by the act entitled "An act to provide in
creased revenue to defray the expenses of the
increased appropriations for the army and
navy and the extensions of fortifications, and
for other purposes." approved March 3, 1917)
or by Title IX. of the revenue act of 1917.
shall not apply to the transfer of the net
estate of any decedent who has died or may
die while serving' in the military or naval
forces of the United States in the present war
or from injuries received or disease contracted
while in such service, and any such tax col-
lected upon such transfer shall be refunded to
the executor.
Sec. 402. That the value of the gross estate
of the decedent shall be determined by includ-
ing: the value at the time of his death of
all property, real or personal, tangible or in-
tangible. wherever situated —
(a) To the extent of the interest therein
of the decedent at the time of his death
which after his death is subject to the pay-
ment of the charges against his estate and
he expenses of its administration and is sub-
ect to distribution as part of his estate:
(b) To the extent of any interest therein
if the surviving spouse, existing at the time
f the decedent's death as dower, courtesy or
jy virtue of a statute creating an estate in
ieu of dower or courtesy:
(c) To the extent of any interest therein
if which the decedent has at any time made
i transfer, or with respect to which he has
it any time created a trust, in contemplation
>f or intended to take effect in possession or
•njoyment at or after his death (whether such
ransfer or trust is made or created before or
tfter the passage of this act), except in ca&e
of a bona fide sale for a fair consideration
n money or money's worth. Any transfer of
a material part of his property in the nature
of a final disposition or distribution thereof.
made by the decedent within two years prior
to his death without such a consideration.
shall, unless shown to the contrary, be
deemed to have been made in contemplation
of death witnin the meaning of this title:
(d) To the extent of . the interest therein
leld jointly or as tenants in the entirety by
the decedent and any 'other person, or depos-
'ted in banks or other institutions in their
.oint names and payable to either or tho
survivor, except such part thereof as may be
shown to have originally belonged to such
other person and never to have belonged to
the decedent:
(e) To the extent of any propertv pass-
ing under a general power of appointment
will, or (2)
by deed executed in cntemplatiun of. or in-
.
tended to take effect in possession or enjoy-
ment at or after, his death, except in case
of a bona fide sale for a fair consideration
in money or money's worth: and
(f) To the extent of the amount receiv-
able by the executor as insurance under
policies taken out by the decedent upon his
own life: and to the extent of the excess
over $40.000 of the amount receivable by all
other beneficiaries as insurance under policies
taken out by the decedent upon his own life.
Sec. 403. That for the purpose of the tax
the value of the net estate shall be deter-
mined —
(a) In the case of a resident, by deducting
from the value of the gross estate —
(1) Such amounts for funeral expenses, ad-
ministration expenses. claims against the es-
tate, unpaid mortgages, losses incurred dur-
ing the s^ttlem^nt of the estate arising from
fires, storms, uhlDWiwek, or- other casualty, or
from theft, vh^n pneh losses are not com-
pensated for by insurance or otherwise, and
such amounts reasonably recmired and actu-
ally expended for the annnort dnriner the set-
tlement of the estate of tho«« dependent upon
the deced°nt. as are allowed by the laws of
the Jurisdiction, whether within or without
the United States, under which the estate is
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
being: administered, but not including1 any
income taxes upon income received after the
death of the decedent, or any estate, succes-
sion, legacy, or inheritance taxes;
(2) An amount equal to the value at the
time of the decedent's death of any property,
real, personal or mixed, which can be identi-
fied as having been received by the decedent
as a share in the estate of any person who
died within five years prior to the death of
the decedent, or which can be identified as
having- been acquired by the decedent in ex-
change for property so received, if an estate
tax under the revenue act of 1917 or under
this act was collected from such estate, and
if such property is included in the decedent's
gross estate:
(3) The amount of all bequests, legacies,
devises, or gifts, to or for the use of the
United States, any state, territory, any po-
litical subdivision thereof, or the District of
Columbia, for exclusively public purposes, or
to or for the use of any corporation organ-
ized and operated exclusively for religious,
charitable, scientific, literary, or educational
purposes, including the encouragement of art
and the prevention of cruelty to children or
animals, no part of the net earnings of which
inures to the benefit of any private stock-
holder or individual, or to a trustee or trus-
tees exclusiyely for such religious, charitabl".
scientific, literary, or educational purposes.
This deduction shall be made in case of the
estates of all decedents who have died since
Dec. 31, 1917: and
(4) An exemption of 550,000:
(b) In the case of a nonresident, by de-
ducting from the value of that part of his
gross estate which at the time of his death
is situated in the United States-
CD That proportion of the deductions spec-
ified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of
this section which the value of such part
bears to the value of his entire gross es-
tate, wherever situated, but in no case shall
the amount so deducted exceed 10 per centum
of the value of that p*rt of his gross estate
•which at the time of his death is situated
in the United States:
(2) An amount equal to the value at the
time of the decedent's death of any property,
real, personal, or mixed, which can be iden-
tified as having been received by the decedent
as a share in the estate of any person who
died within five years prior to the death of
the decedent, or which can be identified as
having been acquired by the decedent in ex-
change for property so received, if an estate
tax under the revenue act of 1917 or under
this act was collected from such estate, and
if such property is included in that part of
the decedent's gross estate which at the time
of his death is situated in the United States:
and
(3) The amount of all bequests, legacies,
devises, or gifts, to or for the use of the
United States, any state, territory, any polit-
ical subdivision thereof, or the District of Co-
lumbia, for exclusively public purposes, or to
or for the use of any domestic corporation or-
ganized and operated exclusively for religious,
charitable, scientific, literary., or educational
purposes, including the encouragement of art
and the prevention of cruelty to children or
animals, no part -of the net earnings of which
inures to the benefit of any private stock-
holder or individual, or to a trustee or trus-
tees exclusiyely for such religipus, charitable,
scientific, literary, or educational purposes
within the United States. This deduction
shall be made in case of the estates of all
decedents who have died since Dec. 31, 1917;
and
No deduction shall be allowed in the case
<>f a nonresident unless the executor includes
in the return required to be filed under sec-
tion 404 the value at the time of his death
of that part of the gross estate of the non-
resident not situated in the United States.
For the purpose of this title stock in a
.lomestic corporation owned and held by a
nonresident decedent, and the amount receiv-
able as insurance upon the life of a nonresi-
dent decedent where the insurer is a domestic
corporation, shall be deemed property within
the United States, and any property of which
the decedent has made a transfer or with re-
spect to which he has created a trust, within
the meaning of> subdivision (c) of section
402. shall be deemed to be situated in the
United States, if so situated either at the
time of the transfer or the creation of the
trust, or at the time of the decedent's death.
In the case of any estate in respect to
which the tax under existing law has been
paid, if necessary to allow the benefit of the
deduction under paragraph (3) of subdivision
(a) or (b) the tax shall be redetermined
and any excess of tax paid shall be refunded
to the executor.
Sec. 404. That the executor, within sixty
days after qualifying as such, or after com-
ing into possession of any property of the de-
cedent, whichever event first occurs, shall
give written notice thereof to the collector.
The executor shall also, at such times and in
such manner as may be, required by regula-
tions made pursuant to law, file with the
collector a return under oath in duplicate,
setting forth (a) the value of the gross es-
tate of the decedent at the time of his
death, or, in case of a nonresident, of that
part of his gross estate situated in the
United States: (b) the deductions allowed un-
der section 403: (c) the value of the net
estate of the decedent as defined in section
403: and (d) the tax paid or payable there-
on: or such part of such information as
may at the time be ascertainable and such
supplemental data as may be necessary to
establish the correct tax.
Return shall be made in all cases where
the gross estate at the death of the decedent
exceeds $50,000, and in the case of the es-
tate of every nonresident any part of whose
gross estate is situated in the United States.
If the executor is unable to make a com-
plete return as to any part of the gross es-
tate of the decedent, he shall include in his
return a description of such part and the
name of every person holding a legal or bene-
ficial interest therein, and upon notice from
the collector such person shall in like man-
ner make a return as to such part of the
gross estate. The commissioner shall make
all assessments of the tax under the author-
ity of existing administrative special and
general provisions of law relating to the as-
sessment and collection of taxes.
Sec. 405. That if no administration is grant-
ed upon the estate of a decedent, or if no
return is filed as provided in section 404, or
if a return contains a false or incorrect state-
ment of a material fact, the collector or dep-
uty collector shall make a return and the
commissioner shall assess the tax thereon.
Sec. 406. That the tax shall be due one
year after the decedent's death; but in any
case where the commissioner finds that pay-
ment of the tax within one year after the de-
cedent's death would impose undue hardship
upon the estate, he may grant an extension
of time for the payment of the tax for a
period not to exceed three years from the
due date. If the tax is not paid within one
year and 180 days after the decedent's death.
interest at the rate of 6 per centum per an-
num from the expiration of one year after
the decedent's death shall be added as part of
the tax.
Sec. 407. That the executor shall pay the
tax to the collector or deputy collector. If
the amount of the tax cannot be determined.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
the payment of a sum of money sufficient,
in the opinion of the collector, to discharge
the tax shall be deemed payment in full of
the tax. except as in this section otherwise
provided. If the amount so paid exceeds the
amount of the tax as finally determined, the
commissioner shall refund such excess to the
executor. If the amount of the tax as finally
determined exceeds the amount so paid, the
collector shall notify the executor of the
amount of such excess and demand payment
thereof. If such excess part of the tax is not
paid within thirty days after such notifica-
tion, interest shall be add'jd thereto av the
rate of 10 per centum per annum from the
expiration of such thirty days' period un-
til paid, and the amount of such excess shall
be a lien upon the entire gross estate, except
such part thereof as may have been sold to a
bona fide purchaser for a fair consideration in
money or money's worth.
The collector shall grant to the person pay-
ing- the tax duplicate receipts, either of which
shall be sufficient evidence of such payment,
and shall entitle the executor to be credited
and allowed the amount thereof by any court
having- jurisdiction to audit or settle his ac-
counts.
Sec. 408. That if the tax herein imposed is
not paid within 180 days after it is due, the
collector shall, unless there is reasonable
cause for further delay, proceed to collect
the tax under the provisions of general law,
or commence appropriate proceeding's in any
court of the United States, in the name of the
United States, to subject the property of the
decedent to be sold under the judgment or
decree of the court. From the proceeds of
such sale the amount of the tax, tog-ether
with the costs and expenses of every descrip-
tion to be allowed by the court, shall be
first paid, and the balance shall be deposited
according- to the order of the court, to be
paid under its direction to the person en-
titled thereto.
If the tax or any part thereof is paid by
or collected out of that part of the estate
passing- to or in the possession of any per-
son other than the executor in his capacity
as such, such person shall be entitled to re-
imbursement out of any part of the estate
still undistributed or by a just and equitable
contribution by the persons whose interest in
the estate of the decedent would have been
reduced if the tax had been paid before the
distribution of the estate or whose interest is
subject to equal or prior liability for the pay-
ment of tax-s, debts, or other charges against
the estate, it being the purpose and intent of
this title that so far as is practicable and un-
less otherwise directed by the will of the de-
cedent the tax shall be paid out of the estate
before its distribution. If any part of the
gross estate consists of proceeds of policies
of insurance upon the life of the decadent re-
ceivable by a beneficiary other than the
executor, the executor shall be entitled to re-
cover from such beneficiary such P9rtion of
the total tax paid as the proceeds, in excess
of $40,000, of such policies bear to the net
estate. If there is more than one such bene-
ficiary the executor shnll be entitled to re-
cover from such beneficiaries in the same
ratio.
Sec. 409. That unless the tax is sooner
paid in full, it shall be a lien for ten years
upon the gross estate of the decedent, except
that such part of the gross estate as is used
for the payment of charges against the estate
and expenses of its administration, allowed by
any court having- jurisdiction thereof, shall be
divested of such lien. If the commissioner is
satisfied that the tax liability of an estate has
been fully discharged or provided for, he may,
under regulations prescribed by him with the
approval of the secretary, issue his certificate
releasing any or all property of such estate
from the lien herein imposed.
If (a) the decedent makes a transfer of, or
creates a trust with respect to any property in
contemplation of or intended to take effect
in possession or enjoyment at" or after his
death (except in the case of a bona fide sale
for a fair consideration in money or money's
worth) or (b) if insurance passes under a
contract executed by the decedent in favor of
a specific beneficiary, and if in either case
the tax in respect thereto is not paid when
due. then the transferee, trustee, or bene-
ficiary shall be personally liable for such tax.
and such property, to the extent of the de-
cedent's interest therein at the time of such
transfer, or to the extent of such beneficiary's
interest under such contract of insurance, shall
' be subject to a like lien equal to the amount
) of such tax. Any part of such property sold
1 by such transferee or trustee to a bona fide
purchaser for a fair consideration in money or
money's worth shall be divested of the lien
and a like lien shall then attach to all the
property of such transferee or trustee, except
any part sold to a bona fide purchaser for a
fair consideration in money or money's worth.
Sec. 410. That whoever knowingly makes
any false statement in any notice or return
required to be filed under this .title shall be
liable to a penalty of not exceeding $5.000. or
imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.
Whoever fails to comply with any duty im-
posed upon him by section 404, or, having in
his possession or control any record, file, or
paper, containing or supposed to contain any
information concerning the estate of the de-
cedent, or, having in his possession or control
any property comprised in the gross estate
of the decedent, fails to exhibit the same upon
request to the commissioner or any collector
or law officer of the United States, or his duly
authorized deputy or agent, who desires to
examine the same in the performance of his
duties under this title, shall be liable to a
penalty of not exceeding $500, t9 be recov-
ered, with costs of suit, in a civil action in
the name of the United States.
TITLE V.— TAX ON TRANSPORTATION ANI>
OTHER FACILITIES. AND ON
INSURANCE.
Sec. 500. That from and after April 1, 1919.
there shall be levied, assessed, collected, and
paid, in lieu of the taxes imposed by sec-
tion 500 of the revenue act of 1917 —
(a) A tax equivalent to 3 per centum of
the amount paid for the transportation on or
rfter such date, by rail or water or by any
form of mechanical motor power when in
competition with carriers by rail or water, of
property by freight transported from one point
in the United States to another: and a like
tax on the amount paid for such transporta-
tion within the United States of property
transported from a point without the United
States to a point within the United States:
(b) A tax of 1 cent for each 20 cents
or fraction thereof of the amount paid to
any person for the transportation on or after
such date, by rail or water or by any form
of mechanical motor power when in competi-
tion with express by rail or water of any
package, parcel, or shipment, by express,
transported from one point in the United
States to another; and a like tax on the
amount paid for such transportation within
the United States of property transported from
a point without the United States to a point
within the United States;
(c) A tax equivalent to 8 per centum of
the amount paid for the transportation on or
after such date of persons by rail or water,
or by any form of mechanical motor power
on a regular established line when in com-
petition with carriers by rail or water, from
one point in the United States to another or
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
to any point in Canada or Mexico, where th
ticket or order therefor is sold or issued i
the United States, not including1 the amoun
paid for commutation or season tickets fo
trip8 less than thirty miles, or for transporta
tion the fare for which does not exceed 4
cents: Provided, That where such wate
transportation lines are in competition be
tween American ports with foreign wate
transportation lines from adjacent foreig:
ports, the tax imposed under this subdivisio:
on amounts paid for water transportation be
tween American ports shall not exceed th
amount of the transportation tax to whic]
such foreign water transportation lines ar
subjected by their government correspondinf
to this tax;
(d) A tax equivalent to 8 per centum o
the amount paid for seats, berths and state
rooms in parlor cars, sleeping- cars or on ves
eels, used on or after such date in connec
tion with transportation upon which tax i
imposed by subdivision (c) ;
(e) A tax equivalent to 8 per centum o
the amount paid for the transportation on
or after such date of oil by pipe line;
(f) In the case of each telegraph, tele
phone, cable or radio dispatch, message, o:
conversation, which originates on or afte
such date within the United States, and fo]
the transmission of which the charge is more
than 14 cents and not more than 50 cents, a
tax of 5 cents; and if the charge, is more
' than 50 cents, a tax of 10 cents: Provided
That only one payment of such tax shall be
required, notwithstanding the lines or sta
tiona of one or more persons are used for
the transmission of such dispatch, message
or conversation; and
(g) A tax equivalent to 10 per centum of
tho amount paid after such date to any tele
graph or telephone company for any leased
wire or talking circuit special service fur
nished after such date. This subdivision shal
not apply to the amount paid for so much of
such service as is utilized (1) in the collec-
tion and dissemination of news through the
public press, or (2) in the conduct, by a
common carrier or telegraph or telephone
company, of its business as such;
(h) No tax shall be imposed under this
section upon any payment received for serv-
ices rendered to the United States or to any
state or territory or the District of Colum-
bia. The right to exemption under this sub-
division shall be evidenced in such manner as
the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, may by regulation prescribe.
Sf-c. 501. (a) That the taxes imposed by
section 600 shall be paid by the person pay-
ing for the services or facilities rendered.
(b) If a mileage book used for transporta-
tion or accommodation was purchased before
Nov. 1. 1917. or if cash fare is paid, the tax
imposed by section 500 shall be collected
from the person presenting the mileage book,
or paying the cosh fare, by the conductor or
other agent, when presented for such trans-
portation or accommodr>tion. and the amount
so collected shall be paid to the United States
in such manner and at snch times as the
•commissioner, with the approval of the sec-
retary. may prescribe; if a ticket (other
than a mileage book) was bought and par-
tially used before Nov. 1. 1917, it shall not
be taxed, but if bought but not so used be-
fore section 500 takes effect, it shall not be
valid for passage until the tax has been paid
and such payment evidenced on the ticket in
such manner as the commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, may by regulation
prescribe.
(c) The taxes imposed by section 500 shall
apply to all services or facilities specified
in such section when rpndered for hire.
whether or not the agency rendering them
In c
is a common carrier.
ase a carrier (other when
than a pipe line) principally engaged in ren-
dering transportation services or facilities for
hire does not. because of its ownership of
the goods transported, or for any other rea-
son, receive the amount which as a carrier it
would otherwise charge, such carrier shall
pay a tax equivalent to the tax which would
be imposed upon the transportation of such
goods if the carrier received payment for such
transportation, such tax, if it can not be
computed from actual rates or tariffs of the
earner, to be computed on the basis of the
rates or tariffs of other carriers for like serv-
ices as determined by the commissioner In
the case of any carrier (other than a pipe
line) the principal business of which is to
transport goods belonging to it on its own
account and which only incidentally renders
services for hire, the tax shall apply to
such services or facilities only as are actu-
ally rendered by it for hire. Nothing in this,
or the preceding section shall be construed as
imposing a tax (1) upon the transportation
of any commodity which is necessary for
the use of the carrier in the conduct of its
business as such and is intended to be so
used or hns been so used: or (2) upon the
transportation of company material trans-
ported by one carrier, which constitutes a part
°* . a railroad system, for another carrier
which is also a part of the same system.
(d) The tax imposed by subdivision (e) of
section 500 shall apply to all transportation
of oil by pipe line. In case no charge for
transportation is made, by reason of owner-
ship of the commodity transported, or for any
other renson, the person transporting by pipe
line shall pay a tax equivalent to the tax
which would be imposed if such person re-
ceived payment for such transportation, and
if the tax cannot be computed from actual
bona fide rates or tariffs, it shall be com-
puted (1) on the basis of the rates or tariffs
of other pipe lines for like service, as de-
termined by the commissioner, or (2) if no
such rates or tariffs exist, on the basis of a
reasonable charge for such transportation, as
determined by the commissioner.
Sec. 502. That each person receiving any
payments referred to in section 500 shall col-
lect the amount of the tax, if any, im-
posed by such section from the person mak-
ing such payments, and shall make monthly
returns under oath, in duplicate, and pay the
taxes so collected and the taxes imposed upon
it under subdivision (c) or (d) of section
501 to the collector of the district in which
ihe principal office or place of business is
ocated.
No carrier collecting the taxes imposed by
subdivision (a) or (b) of section 500 shall
be required to list the amount of such tax
separately in any bill of lading, freight or
•xpress receipt, or other similar document, if
he total amount of the transportation charge
and the tax is stated therein.
Any person making a refund of any pay-
ment upon which tax is collected under this
section may repay therewith the amount of
he tax collected on such payment: and the
.mount so repaid may be credited against
amounts included in any subsequent monthly
return.
The returns required under this section shall
ontain such information, and be made at
uch times and in such manner, as the com-
missioner, with the approval of the secretary.
.ay by regulation prescribe.
The tax shall, without assessment by the
ommissioner or notice from the collector, be
ue and payable to the collector at the time
o fixed for filing- he return. If the tax is
ot paid when due, there shall be added as
>art of thn tax a penalty of 5 per centum,
ogether with interest at the rate of 1 per
entum for each full month, from the time
the tax became due.
ALMANAC A^ND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
59
Insurance.
Sec. 503. That from and after April 1. 1910.
there shall bfe levied, assessed, collected, and
paid, in lieu of the taxes imposed by section
604 of the revenue act of 1917, the follow-
ing- taxes on the issuance of insurance
policies, including-, in. the case of policies is-
sued outside the United States (except those
taxable under subdivision 15 of Schedule A
of Title XI.). their delivery within the United
States by any agent or b^ker, whether acting
for the insurer or the insured; such taxes
to be paid by the insurer, or by such agent
or broker:
(a) Life insurance: A tax equivalent to
8 cents on each $100 or fractional part there-
of of the amount for which any life is insured
under any .policy of insurance, or other in-
strument, by whatever name the same is
called: Provided, That on all policies for
life insurance only by which a life is insured
not in excess of $500, issued on the indus-
trial or weekly or monthly payment plan of
insurance, the tax shall be 40 per centum of
the amount of the first weekly premium or
20 per centum of the amount of the first
monthly premium, as the case may be: Pro-
vided further. That on policies of group life
insurance, covering- groups of not less than
twenty-five lives in the employ of the same
person, for the benefit of persons other than
the employer, the tax shall be equivalent to
4 cents on each $100 of the aggregate amount
for which the group policy is issued and of
any net increase in the amount of the insur-
ance under such policy: And provided fur-
ther. That on all policies covering life,
health and accident insurance combined in
one policy by which a life is insured not in
excess of $500. issued on the industrial or
weekly or monthly payment plan of insurance,
the tax shall be 40 per centum of the amount
of the first weekly premium or 20 per centum
of the amount of the first monthly premium,
as the case may be;
(b) Marine, inland and fire insurance: A
tax equivalent to 1 cent on each dollar or
fractional part thereof of the premium
charged under each policy of insurance or
other instrument by whatever name the same
is called whereby insurance is made or re-
newed upon property of any description (in-
cluding rents or profits), whether against peril
by sea or inland waters, or by fire or light-
ning, or other peril:
(c) Casualty insurance: A tax equivalent
to 1 cent on each dollar or fractional part
thereof of the premium charged under each
policy of insurance or obligation of the nature
of indemnity for loss, damage or liability
(except bonds and policies taxable under sub-
division 2 of schedule A of Title XI.) issued
or executed or renewed by any person trans-
acting- the business of employers' liability,
workmen's compensation, accident, health,
tornado, plate glass, steam boiler, elevator,
burglary, automatic sprinkler, automobile, or
other branch of insurance (except life insur-
ance and insurance described and taxed in
the preceding subdivision) : Provided, That
in case of policies of insurance issued on the
industrial or weekly or monthly payment plan
the tax shall be 40 per centum of the amount
of the first weekly premium or 20 per centum
of the amount of the first monthly premium,
as the case may be;
(d) Policies issued by any corporation
enumerated in section 231 and policies of
reinsurance shall be exempt from the taxes
imposed by this section.
Sec. 504.- That every person issuing- policies
of insurance upon the issuance of which a
tar is imposed by section 503 shall make
monthly returns under oath, in duplicate, and
pay such tax to the collector of the district
in which the principal office or place of busi-
ness of such person is located. Such returns
shall contain such information and be made
at such times and in such manner as the
commissioner, with the approval of the sec-
retary, may by regulation prescribe.
The tax shall, without assessment by the
commissioner or notice from the collector, be
due and payable to the collector at the time
so fixed for filing the return. If the tax
is not paid when due, there shall be added as
part of the tax a penalty of 5 per centum,
tog-ether with interest at the rate of 1 per
centum for each full month, from the time
when the tax became due.
TITLE VI.— TAX ON BEVERAGES.
Sec. 600. (a) That there shall be levied and
collected on all distilled spirits now in bond
or that have been or that may be hereafter
produced in or imported into the United
States, except such distilled spirits as are
subject to the tax provided in section 604. in
lieu of the internal revenue taxes now imposed
thereon by law, a tax of $2.20 (or, if with-
drawn for beverage purposes or for use in
the manufacture or production of any article
used or intended for use as a beverage, a tax
of $6.40) on each proof gallon, or wine gal-
lon when below proof, and a proportionate
tax at a like rate on all fractional parts of
such proof or wine gallon, to be paid by the
distiller or importer when withdrawn, and
collected under the provisions of existing law.
(b) That the tax imposed by subdivision
(a) on distilled spirits intended for beverage
purposes shall not be due or payable on such
spirits while stored in any distillery, bonded
warehouse or special or general bonded ware-
house, and which, pursuant to any act of
congress or proclamation of the president of
the United States cannot be lawfully sold
or removed from any such warehouse dur-
ing the period of prohibition fixed by such
act or proclamation: and all warehousing
bonds or transportation and warehousing
bonds conditioned for the payment of tax on
any such spirits so stored on the date such
prohibition takes effect shall as to all such
spirits actually so stored be canceled and
discharged, provided the distiller of such spir-
its shall in lieu of such bonds and prior to
their cancellation execute a bond in a penal
sum of not less than $10.000. with sureties
satisfactory to the collector of the district,
conditioned that the principal shall, during
the period of such prohibition, safely keep or
cause to be kept in good condition all such
spirits and the warehouse in which the same
are stored, and shall not remove or suffer to
be removed from warehouse, contrary to law.
any such spirits during the period of such
prohibition; and the bond herein prescribed
shall be in such further sum and shall con-
tain such further conditions as the commis-
sioner, with the approval of the secretary,
may by regulations require. The distiller may.
subject to the provisions of this section, be
permitted to retain in any such bonded ware-
house distilled spirits on which, under the
terms of any existing bond, the tax imposed
thereon becomes due and payable prior to
the date such prohibition takes effect : Pro-
vided, That on the removal of such prohibi-
tion the distiller shall, as to all spirits as
to which the bonded period fixed by law hae
not expired and which remain stored in ware-
house, execute new and satisfactory bond in
the form required by existing law, condi-
tioned for the payment of the tax on all such
spirits: and all provisions of existing law
relating1 to such bonded warehouses, or the
storage of spirits therein, or to the execution
of new or additional bonds, so far as appli-
cable, shall continue in force as to all dis-
tilled spirits rebonded under the provisions
of this section.
60
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Upon the withdrawal of distilled spirits
from bonded warehouses, after the period of
prohibition has ended, and under the condi-
tions imposed by section 50 of an act en-
titled "An act to reduce taxation, to provide
revenue for the support of the government,
and for other purposes." approved Aug. 28,
1894. an allowance for loss by leakage or
other unavoidable cause, not exceeding- one
proof gallon as to packages of a capacity
of not less than 40 wine gallons, may be
made in addition to that provided in said
section 50. as amended; and a like additional
allowance of one proof gallon as to each
package withdrawn may be made for each
period of four months, or fraction thereof,
for such spirits as shall have remained in
warehouse during the period of prohibition
and after the expiration of the maximum
leakage period fixed by that section.
Under regulations prescribed by the secre-
tary, any imported distilled spirits, wines or
other liquors which may be in any customs
bonded warehouse under the customs laws on
the date such prohibition takes effect shall be
permitted to remain therein without payment
of any taxes or duties thereon, beyond the
three-year period provided in section "!>71 of
the revised statutes, during such period of
prohibition, and mny be exported at any time
during such extended period. Any imported
spirits, wines or other liquors as to which
the three-year bonded period may expire after
the passage of this act and prior to the date
such prohibition tak:s effect may at the op-
tion of the owner remain in bond during such
period of prohibition.
(c) In lieu of the internal revenue tax now
imposed thereon by law there shall be levied
and collected upon all perfumes hereafter im-
ported into the United States containing dis-
tilled spirits a tax of $1.10 per wine gal-
lon, and a proportionate tax at a like rate
on all fractional parts of such wine gallon.
Such tax shall be collected by the collector of
customs and deposited as internal revenue col-
lections under such rules and regulations as
the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, may prescribe.
Sec. 601. That no distilled spirits produced
after Oct 3, 1917. shall be imported into
the United States from any foreign country
or from the Virgin islands (unless produced
from products the growth of such islands, and
not then into any state or territory or dis-
trict of the United States in which the manu-
facture or sale of intoxicnting liquor is pro-
hibited), or from Porto Rico, or the Philip-
pine islands. Under such rules, regulations,
and bonds as the secretary may prescribe the
provisions of this section shall not apply to
distilled spirits imported for other than (1)
beverage purposes or (2) use in the manufac-
ture or production of any article used or in-
tended for use as a beverage.
Sec. 602. That at registered d:stilleries pro-
ducing alcohol, or other high-proof spirits,
packages may be filled with such spirits re-
duced to not less than one hundred proof
from the receiving cisterns and tax paid with-
out being entered into bonded warehouse. Such
spirits may be also transferred from the re-
ceiving cisterns at such distilleries, by means
of pipe lines, direct to storage tanks in the
in storage tanks in such warehouses or in
such storage tanks. Such spirits may be also
transferred in tanks or tank cars to general
bonded warehouses for storage therein, either
in storage tanks in such warehouses or in
the tanks in which they were transferred.
Such spirits may also be transferred from re-
ceiving cisterns or warehouse storage tanks to
barrels, drums, tanks, tank cars, or other
approved containers, and may be transported
in such containers for exportation or other
lawful purposes. The commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, is hereby empow-
ered to prescribe all necessary regulations re-
lating to the drawing off. transferring, gaug^
ing, storing and transporting of such sp'rits;
the records to be kept and returns to be made:
the size and kind of packages and tanks to be
used; the marking, branding, numbering, and
stamping of such packages and tanks; the
kind of stamps, if any, to be used and the
time and manner of paying the tax; the kind
of bond and the penal sum of snme. The tax
prescribed by law must be paid before such
spirits are removed from the distillery prem-
ises, or from general bonded warehouse in the
cnse of spirits transferred thereto, except as
otherwise provided by law.
Under such regulations as the commis-
sioner, with the approval of the secretary,
may prescribe, distilled spirits may hereafter
be drawn from receiving cisterns and de-
posited in distillery warehouses without hav-
ing affixrd to the packages, containing the
snme. distillery warehouse stamps, and such
packages, when so deposited in warehouse,
may be withdrawn therefrom on the priginal
gauge where the same have remained in such
warehouse for a period not exceeding thirty
days from the date of doposit.
Under such regulations as the commis-
sioner, with the approval of the secretary,
may prescribe, the manufacture, warehousing,
withdrawal, and shipment, under the pro-
visions of existing law, of ethyi alcohol for
other than (1) beverage purnoses or (2)
use in the manufacture or production of any
article used or intended for use as a beverage,
and denatured alcohol, may be exempted from
the provisions of section 3283 of the revised
statutes.
The commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, may by rcgulntions exempt dis-
tillers of ethyl alcohol, for use in the pro-
duction of munitions of war, or for Bother
nonbeverage purposes, from so much of the
provisions of sections 3264, 3285, or 3309
of the revised statutes, and acts amendatory
thereof, respecting the survey of distilleries,
the period of fermentation, the filling and
emptying of fermenting tubs, and assessments,
as, in his judgment, may be expedient: Pro-
vided, That the bond prescribed in section
3260 of the revised statutes shall, in the
cases herein provided, be in such sum and
contain such further conditions as the com-
missioner may require.
Sec. 603. That under such regulations as
the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, may prescribe, ethyl alcohol of not
less than 180 degrees proof, produced at any
central distilling and denaturing plant estab-
lished under the provisions of subsection 2.
paragraph N, of section IV. of the act en-
titled "An act to reduce tariff duties and to
provide revenue lor the government, and for
other purposes," approved Oct. 3, 1913, may
be rempved from such plant to any central
denaturing bonded warehouse for denatura-
tion. or may, before or after denaturation be
removed from such plant or from such de-
naturing bonded warehouse, free of tax, for
use of the United States or for shipment to
any nation while engaged against the Ger-
man government in the present war, and the
removal herein authorized may be made in
such tank vessel, tank cars, drums, casks,
or other containers as may be apnroved by
the commissioner. It shall be lawful, under
regulations prescribed by the commissioner,
with the approval of the secretary, for an
allowance to be made for leakage or loss by
unavoidable accident and without fault or
negligence of the distiller, owner, carrier, or
bis agents or employes, which may occur
during the transportation of such spirits or
while the same are lawfully stored on either
of the premises herein described.
Sec. 604. That upon all distilled spirits pro-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
61
duced in or imported into the United States
upon which the internal revenue tax now
imposed by law has been paid, and which, on
the day after the passage of this act, are
held by any person and intended for sale or
for use in the manufacture or production of
any article intended for sale, there shall be
levied, assessed, collected, and paid a floor tax
of $3.20 (if intended for sale for beverage
purposes or for use in the manufacture or
production of any article used or intended for
use as a beverage) on each proof gallon, and
a proportionate tax at a like rate on all
fractional parts of such proof gallon.
Sec. 605. That in addition to the tax im-
posed by this act on distilled spirits and
wines, there shall be levied, assessed, col-
lected, and paid, in lieu of the tax imposed
by section 304 of the revenue act of 1917, a
tax of 30 cents on each proof gallon and a
proportionate tax at a like rate on all frac-
tional parts of such proof gallon on all dis-
tilled spirits or wines hereafter rectified,
purified, or refined in such manner, and on
all mixtures hereafter produced in such man-
ner, that the person so rectifying-, purify-
ing, refining, or mixing the same is a rectifier
within the meaning of section 3244 of the
revised statutes, as amended: Provided, That
this tax shall not apply to gin produced by
the redistillation of a pure spirit over
juniper berries and other aromatics.
Upon all such articles heretofore produced,
and which on the day after the passage of
this act are held by any person and intended
for sale, there shall be levied, assessed, col-
lected, and paid a floor tax of 15 cents on
each proof gallon, and a proportionate tax at
a like rate on all fractional parts of each
proof galloni; and all such distilled spirits so
held and not contained in the distillers'
original stamped packages, or in bottles or
other containers bearing the distillers' original
labels, shall for the purpose of this section
be regarded as rectified spirits.
When the process of rectification is com-
pleted and the taxes prescribed by this sec-
tion have been paid, it shall be unlawful for
the rectifier or other dealer to reduce in proof
or increase in volume such spirits or wine by
the addition of water or other substance;
nothing herein contained shall, however, pre-
vent a rectifier from using- agrnin in the
process of rectification spirits already rectified
and upon which the taxes have theretofore
been paid.
The taxes imposed by this section shall not
attach to cordials or liqueurs on which a tax
is imposed and paid under section 611 or
613, nor to the mixing and blending of
wines, where such blending is for the sole
purpose of perfecting such wines according
to commercial standards, nor to blends made
exclusively of two or more pure straight
whiskies aged in wood for a period not less
than four years and without the addition of
coloring or flavoring matter or any other sub-
stance than pure water and if not reduced
below ninety proof: Provided, That such
blended whiskies shall be exempt from tax
under this section only when compounded
under the immediate supervision of a revenue
officer, in such tanks and under such con-
ditions and supervision as the commissioner,
with the approval of the secretary, may
prescribe.
All distilled spirits or wines taxable tinder
this section shall be subject to uniform
regulations concerning the use thereof in the
manufacture, blending, compounding, mixing
marking, branding, and sale of whisky and
rectified spirits, and no discrimination what-
soever shall be made by reason of a difference
in the character of the material from which
same may have been produced.
The business of a rectifier of spirits shall
be carried on, and the tax on rectified spirits
shall be paid, under such rules, regulations,
and bonds as may be prescribed by the commis-
sioner, with the approval oi the secretary.
Whoever violates any of the provisions of
this section shall be deemed to be g-uilty of a
misdemeanor and. upon conviction, shall be
fined not more than 51,000 or imprisoned not
more than two years, and shall, in addition,
be liable to double the . tax evaded, tog-ether
with the tax, to be collected ty assessment or
on any bond given.
Sec. 606. That hereafter collectors shall not
furnish wholesale liquor dealers' stamps in
lieu of and in exchange for stamps for recti-
fied spirits unless the package covered by
stamp for rectified spirits is to be broken into
smaller packages.
The commissioner. w:th the approval of
the secretary, is authorized to discontinue the
use of the following stamps whenever in his
judgment the interests of the government will
be subserved thereby :
Distillery warehouse, special bonded ware-
house, special bonded rewarehouse, general
bonded warehouse, general bonded retransfer.
transfer brandy, export tobacco, export cigars,
export oleomargarine, and- export fermented-
liquor stamps.
Sec. 607. That the commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, is hereby author-
ized to require at distilleries, breweries, rec-
tifying houses, and wherever else in his judg-
ment such action may be deemed advisable,
the installation of meters, tanks, pipes, or
any other apparatus for the purpose of pro-
t^cting the revenue, and such meters, tanks.
and pipes and all necessary labor incident
thereto shall be at the expense of the person
on whose premises the installation is re-
quired. Any such person refusing or neglect-
ing to install such apparatus when so re-
auired by the commissioner shall not be per-
mitted to conduct business on such premises.
Sec. 608. That there shall be levied and
collected on all beer, lager beer, ale, porter
and other similar fermented liquor, containing
one-half of 1 per centum or more of alco-
hol, brewed or manufactured and hereafter
sold, or removed for consumption or sale,
within the United States, by whatever name
such liquors may be called, in lieu of the
internal revenue tax»s now imposed thereon
by law. a tax of $6 for every barrel con-
taining not more than thirty-one gallons, and
at a like rate for any other quantity or for
the fractional parts of a barrel authorized
and defined by law, to be collected under the
provisions of existing law.
Sec. 609. That from and after the passaere
of this act taxable fermented liquors may be
conveyed without payment of tax from the
brewery premises where produced to a con-
tiguous industrial distillery of either class
established under the act entitled "An act to
reduce tariff duties and to provide revenue for
the government, and for other purposes." ap-
proved Oct. 3, 1913, to be used as d: stilling
material, and the residue from such distilla-
tion, containing- less than one-half of 1 per
crntum of alcohol by volume, which is to be
used in making- beverages, may be manipulated
l-y cooling, flavoring, carbonating, settling- and
filtering on the distillery premises or else-
where.
The removal of the taxable fermented liquor
from the brewery to the distillery and the
operation of the distillery and removal of the
residue therefrom shall be under the super-
vision of such officer or officers as the com-
missioner shall deem proper, and the commis-
sioner, with the approval of the secretary, is
hereby authorized to make such regulations
from time to time as may be necessary to
give force and effect to this section and to
safeguard the revenue.
62
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Sec 610. That natural wine within the
meaning: of this act shall be deemed to be the
product made from the normal alcoholic fer-
mentation of the juice of sound, ripe grapes,
without addition or abstraction except such
as may occur in the usual cellar treatment
of clarifying- and aging-: Provided, however.
That the product made from the juice of
sound, ripe grapes by complete fermentation
of the must under proper cellar treatment and
corrected by the addition (under the super-
vision of a g-aug-er or storekeeper-gauffer in
the capacity of g-auger) of a solution of water
and pure cane, beet or dextrose sugar (con-
taining-, respectively, not less than 95 per cen-
tum of actual sugar, calculated on a dry
basis) to the must 9r to the wine, to cor-
rect natural deficiencies, when such addition
shall not increase the volume of the resultant
product more than 35 per centum, and the
resultant product does not contain less than
five parts per thousand of acid before fer-
mentation and not more than 13 per centum
of alcohol after complete fermentation, shall
he deemed to be wine within the meaning- of
this act. and may be labeled, transported and
sold as "wine," Qualified by the name of the
locality where produced, and may be further
qualified by the name of its own particular
type or variety: And provided further. That
wine as defined in this section may be sweet-
ened with cane sugar or beet sugar or pure
condensed grape must and fortified under the
provisions of this act. and wines so sweet-
ened or fortified shall be considered sweet
wine within the meaning1 of this act.
Sec. 611. That upon all still wines, includ-
ing- vermuth, and all artificial or imitation
wines or compounds sold as still wine, which
are hereafter produced in or imported into
the United States, or which on the day after
the passage of this act are on any winery
premises or other bonded premises or in
transit thereto or at any custom house, there
shall be levied, collected, and paid, in lieu
of the internal revenue taxes now imposed
thereon by law. taxes at rates as follows,
when sold, or removed for consumption or
sale:
On wines containing- not more than 14 per
centum of absolute alcohol, 16 cents per wine
g-allon, the per centum of alcohol taxable un-
der this section to be reckoned by volume and
not by weight :
On wines containing- more than 14 per cen-
tum and not exceeding- 21 per centum of ab-
solute alcohol. 40 cents per wine g-allon:
On wines containing- more than 21 per cen-
tum and not exceeding 24 per centum of ab-
solute alcohol. $1 per wine g-allon;
All such wines containing- more than 24 per
centum of absolute alcohol by volume shall
be classed as distilled spirits and shall pay
tax accordingly.
Sec. 612. That under such regulations and
official supervision and upon the giving- of
such notices, entries, bonds and other secur-
ity as the commissioner, with the approval
of the secretary, may prescribe, any producer
of wines defined under the provisions of
this title may withdraw from any fruit dis-
tillery or special bonded warehouse g-mpe
brandy, or wine spirits, for the fortification
of such wines on the premises whero actually
made: Provided. That there shall be levied
and assessed ag-ainst the producer of such
wines a tax (in lieu of the internal revenue
tax now imposed thereon by law) of 60 cents
per proof gallon of grape brandy or wine spir-
its whenever withdrnwn and hereafter PO used
by him in the fortification of such wines dur-
ing- the preceding- month, which a ssossment
shall be paid by him within t^n months from
the date of notice thereof: Provided further.
That nothing contained in this section shall
be construed as exempting any wines, cordials.
liqueurs or similar compounds from the pay-
ment of any tax provided for in this title.
Sec. 613. That upon the following articles
which are hereafter produced in or imported
into the United States, or which on the day
after the passage of this act are on any
winery premises or other bonded premises
or in transit thereto or at any custom house,
there shall be levied, collected and paid taxea
at rates as follows, when sold, or removed
for consumption or sale:
On each bottle or other container of cham-
pagne or sparkling wine. 12 cents on each
one-half pint or fraction thereof:
On each bottle or other container of arti-
ficially carbonated wine, 6 cents on each one-
half pint or fraction thereof:
On each bottle or other container of
liqueurs, cordials or similar compounds, by
whatever name sold or offered for sale, con-
taining- sweet wine fortified with grape brandy,
6 cents on each one-half pint or fraction
thereof:
The tax imposed by this section shall, in
the case of any article upon which a corre-
sponding internal revenue tax is now imposed
by law. be in lieu of such tax.
Sec. 614. That upon all articles specified in
section 611 or 613 upon which the internal
revenue tax now imposed by law has been
paid and which are on the day after the pas-
sage of this act held by any person and in-
tended for sale, there shall be levied, collected
and Paid a floor tax equal to the difference
between the tax imposed by this act and
the tax so paid.
Sec. 615. That upon all sweet wines held
for sale by the producer thereof upon the
day after the passage of this act, there shall
be levied, assessed, collected and paid a floor
tax equivalent to 30 cents per proof gallon
upon the grape brandy or wine spirits used in
the fortification of such wine.
Sec. 616. That the taxes imposed by section
611 or 613 shall be paid by stamp on re-
moval of the wines from the custom house,
winery or other bonded place of storage for
consumption or sale, and every person here-
after producing, or having in his possession
or under his control when this title takes ef-
fect, any wines subject to the tax imposed
in section 611 or 613 shall file such notice,
describing the premises on which such wines
are produced or stored; shall execute a bond
in such form: shall make such inventories un-
der oath; and shall, prior to sale or removal
for C9nsumption. affix to each cask or vessel
containing such wine such marks, labels or
stamps as the commissioner, with the ap-
proval of the secretary, may from time to
time prescribe: and the premises described in
su-jh notice shall, for the purpose of this act,
be regarded as bonded premises. But the
provisions of this section, except as to pay-
ment of tax and the affixing of the required
stamps or labels, shall not apply to wines
hrld by retail dealers, as defined in section
3244 of the revised statutes, nor, subject to
regulations prescribed by the commissioner,
with the approval of the secretary, shall the
tax imposed by section 611 apply to wines
produced for the family use of the duly reg-
istered producer thereof and not sold or other-
wise removed from the place of manufacture
and not exceeding in any case 200 gallons
per year.
Sec. 617. That sections 42. 43 and 45 of the
act entitled "An act to reduce the revenue
and equalize duties on imports, and for other
purposes." approved Oct. 1. 1890, as amend-
ed by section 68 of the act entitled "An act
to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the
government, and for other purposes," approved
Aug. 27. 1894, are further amended to read
as follows:
'Sec. 42. That any producer of pure sweet
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
wines may use in the preparation of such
sweet wines, under such regulations and after
the filing1 of srich notices and bonds, together
with the keeping of such records and the
rendition of such reports as to materials and
products as the commissioner of internal rev-
enue, with the approval of the secretary of
the treasury, may prescribe, wine spirits pro-
duced by any duly authorized distiller, and
the commissioner of internal revenue, in de-
termining the liability of any distiller of wine
spirits to assessment under section 3309 of
the revised statutes, is authorized to allow
such"* distiller credit in his computations for
the wine spirits withdrawn to be used in for-
tifying sweet wines under this act.
"Sec. 43. That the wine spirits mentioned
in section 42 is the product resulting from
the distillation of fermented grape juice, to
which water may have been added prior to,
during or after fermentation, for the sole
purpose of facilitating the fermentation and
economical distillation thereof, and shall be
held to include the product from grapes or
their residues commonly known as grape
brandy, and shall include commercial grape
brandy which may have been colored with
burnt sugar or caramel: and the pure sweet
wine which may be fortified with wine spir-
its under the provisions of this act is fer-
mented or partially fermented grape juice only,
with the usual cellar treatment, and shall con-
tain no other substance whatever introduced
before, at the time of or after fermentation,
except as herein expressly provided : Provided.
That the addition of pure boiled or condensed
grape must or pure crystallized cane or beet
sugar, or pure dextrose sugar containing, re-
spectively, not less than 95 per centum of
actual sugar, calculated on a dry basis, or
water, or any or all of them, to the pure
grape juice before fermentation, or to the
fermented product of such grape juice, or
to both, prior to the fortification herein pro-
vided for. either for the purpose of perfect-
ing sweet wines according to commercial
standards or for mechanical purposes, shall
not be excluded by the definition of pure sweet
wine aforesaid: Provided, however, That the
cane or beet sugar or pure dextrose sugar
added for sweetening purposes shall not be in
excess of 11 per centum of the weight of the
wine to be fortified: And provided further.
That the addition of water herein authorized
shall be under such regulations as the com-
missioner of internal revenue with the ap-
proval of the secretary of the treasury may
from time to time prescribe: Provided, how-
ever. That records kept in accordance with
such regulations as to the percentage of sac-
charine, acid, alcoholic and added water con-
tent of the wine offered for fortification shall
be open to inspection by any official of the
department of agriculture thereto duly au-
thorized by the secretary of agriculture: but
in no case shall such wines to which water
has been added be eligible for fortification
under the provisions of this act, where the
same, after fermentation and before fortifica-
tion, have an alcoholic strength of less than 5
per centum of their volume.
"Sec. 45. That under such regulations and
official supervision, and upon the execution of
such entries and the giving of such bonds,
bills of lading, and other security as the
commissioner of internal revenue, with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury, shall
prescribe, any producer of pure sweet wines
as defined by this act may withdraw wine
spirits from any special bonded warehouse in
original packag-es or from any registered dis-
tillery in any quantity not less than eighty
wine gallons, and m.iy use so much of the
same as may be required by him under such
regulations, and alter the filing of such no-
tices and bonds and the keeping of such rec-
ords and the rendition of such reports as to
materials and products and the disposition of
the same as the commissioner of internal rev-
enue, with the approval of the secretary of
the treasury, shall prescribe, in fortifying
the pure sweet wines made by him. and for
no other purpose, in accordance with the
foregoing limitations and provisions: and the
commissioner of internal revenue, with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury, is
authorized whenever he shall deem it to be
necessary for the prevention of violations of
this law to prescribe that wine spirits with-
drawn under this section, shall not be used to
fortify wines except at a certain distance
prescribed by him from any distillery, rectify-
ing house, winery or other establishment
used for producing or storing distilled spir-
its, or for making- or storing wines other
than wines which are so fortified, and that in
the building in which such fortification of
wines is practiced no wines or spirits other
than those permitted by this regulation shall
be stored in any room or part of the building
in which fortification of wines is practiced.
The use of wine spirits for the fortification
of sweet wines under this act shall be under
the immediate supervision of an officer of in-
ternal revenue, who shall make returns de-
scribing the kinds and quantities of wine so
fortified, and shall affix such stamps and seals
to the packages containing such wines as may
be prescribed by the commissioner of internal
revenue, with the approval of the secretary of
the treasury: and the commissioner of internal
revenue, with the approval of the secretary
of the treasury, shall provide by regulations
the time within which wines so fortified with
the wine spirits so withdrawn may be subject
to inspection, and for final accounting: for the
use of such wine spirits and for rewarehous-
ing or for payments of the tax on any por-
tion pf such wine spirits which remain not
used in fortifying" pure sweet wines."
Sec. 618. (a) That under such regulations
and upon the execution of such notices, en-
tries, bonds and other security as the com-
missioner, with the approval of the secretary,
may prescribe, domestic wines subject to the
tax imposed by section 611 may be removed
from the winery where produced, free of tax.
for storage on other bonded premises or from
such premises to other bonded premises (but
not more than one such additional removal
shall be allowed), or for exportation from
the United States or for use as distilling ma-
terial at any regularly registered distillery:
Provided, however. That the distiller using
any such wine as material shall, subject to
the provisions of section 3309 of the re-
vised statutes, as amended, be held to pay
the tax on the product of such wines as will
include both the alcoholic strength therein
produced by fermentation and that obtained
from the brandy or wine spirits added to such
wines at the time of fortification,
(b) Under regulations prescribed by the
commissioner, with the approval of the sec-
retary, it shall be lawful to produce grape
wines on bonded winery premises by the usual
method, and to transport and use the same,
and like wines heretofore produced and now
stored on bonded winery premises, as distilling1
material for the production of nonbeverage
spirits in the production of nonalcoholic
wines, containing less than % of 1 per cen-
tum of alcohol by volume, in any fruit
brandy or industrial distillery: Provided, That
all alcoholic spirits so obtained at any in-
dustrial distillery shall be denatured, and all
spirits so obtained at any fruit distillery ehall
be removed and used only for nonbeverage
purposes or for denaturation.
Sec. 619. That the collection of the tax on
imported still wines, including vermuth, and
sparkling wines, including champagne, and on
64
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
imported liqueurs, cordials and similar com-
pounds, may be made within the discretion of
the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, by assessment instead of stamps.
Sec. 620. That whoever evades or attempts
to evade any tax imposed by sec^ns 611 to
615. both inclusive, or any requirement of
sections 610 to 621, both inclusive, or reg-
ulation issued pursuant thereto, or whoever,
otherwise than as provided in such sections,
recovers or attempts to recover any spirits
from domestic or imported wine, or whoever
rectifies, mixes or compounds with distilled
spirits any domestic wines, other than _ in
the manufacture of liqueurs, cordials or sim-
ilar compounds, shall, on conviction, be pun-
ished for each such offense by a fine of not
exceeding- $5,000, or imprisonment for not
more than five years, or both, and in addition
thereto by a penalty of double the tax
evaded, or attempted to be evaded, to be as-
sessed and collected in the same manner as
taxes are assessed and collected, and all wine*,
spirits, liqueurs, cordials or similar com-
pounds as to which such violation occurs
shall be forfeited to the United States. But
the provisions of this section and the pro-
visions of section 3244 of the revised statutes,
as amended, relating to rectification, or other
internal revenue laws of the United States,
shall not be held to apply to or prohibit the
mixing1 or blending1 of wines subject to tax
under the provisions of sections 611 to 615,
both inclusive, with each other or with other
.wines for the sole purpose of perfecting1 such
wines according- to commercial standards:
Provided, That nothing- herein contained shall
be construed as prohibiting- the use of tax-
paid grain or other ethyl alcohol in the for-
tification of sweet wines as defined in section
610 of this act and section 43 of the act en-
titled "An act to reduce the revenue and
equalize duties on imports, and for other pur-
poses." approved Oct. 1, 1890, as amended
by this act.
Sec. 621. That the commissioner, by reg-
ulations to be approved by the secretary, may
require the use at each fruit distillery of
such spirit meters, and such locks and seals
to be affixed to fermenters, tanks or other
vessels and to such pipe connections as may in
his judgment be necessary or expedient, and
is hereby authorized to assign to any such
distillery and to each winery where wines are
to be fortified such numbers of gaugers or
storekeeper-g-aug-ers in the capacity of gaug-ers.
as may be necessary for the proper super-
vision of the manufacture of brandy or the
making1 or fortifying- of wines subject to tax
imposed by this section: and the compensa-
tion of such officers shall not exceed $5 per
diem while so assigned, together with their
actual and necessary traveling expenses, and
also a reasonable allowance for their board
bills, to be fixed by the commissioner, with
the approval of the secretary, but not to
exceed $2.50 per diem for such board bills.
Sec. 622. That the commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, is hereby author-
ized to make such allowances for unavoidable
loss of wines while in storage or during- cel-
lar treatment as in his judgment may be
just and proper.
Sec. 623. That the second paragraph of
section 3264 of the revised statutes, as
amended by section 5 of the act of March 1,
1879. and as further amended by the act
of June 22, 1910, be amended so as to read
as follows:
"In all surveys forty-five gallons of mash
or beer brewed or fermented from grain shall
represent not less than one bushel of grain,
and seven gallons of mash or beer brewed or
fermented from molasses shall represent not
less than one gallon of molasses, except in
distilleries operated on the sour-mash prin-
ciple, in which distilleries sixty gallons of
beer brewed or fermented from grain shall rep-
resent not less than one bushel of grain, and
except that in distilleries where the filtra-
tion-aeration process is used, with the ap-
proval of the commissioner of internal rev-
enue; that is. where the mash after it leaves
the mash tub is passed through a filtering ma-
chine before it is run into the fermenting
tub, and only the filtered liquor passes into
the fermenting tub, there shall hereafter be
no limitation upon the number of gallons of
water which may be used in the process of
mashing or filtration for fermentation; but
the commissioner of internal revenue, with
the approval of the secretary of the treas-
ury, in order to protect the revenue, shall be
authorized to prescribe by regulation, to be
made by him. such character of survey as
he may find suitable for distilleries using such
filtration-aeration process. The provisions
hereof relating to filtration-aeration process
shall apply only to sweet-mash distilleries."
Sec. 624. That under such regulations as
the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, may prescribe, alcohol or other
distilled spirits of a proof strength of not less
than 180 degrees intended for export free
of tax may be drawn from receiving cisterns
at any distillery, or from storage tanks in any
distillery warehouse, for transfer to tanks or
tank cars for export from the United States,
and all provisions of existing law relating to
the exportation of distilled spirits not incon-
sistent herewith shall apply to spirits removed
for export under the provisions of this act.
Sec. 625. That section 3255 of the revised
statutes as amended by the act of June 3
1896, and as further amended by the act of
March 2, 1911, be further amended so as to
read as follows:
"Sec. 3255. The commissioner of internal
revenue, with the approval of the secretary
of the treasury, may exempt distillers of
brandy made exclusively from apples, peaches,
grapes, pears, pineapples, oranges, apricots,
berries, plums, pawpaws, persimmons, prunes,
figs or cherries from any provision of this
title relating to the manufacture of spirits,
except as to the tax thereon, when in his judg-
ment it may seem expedient to do so: Pro-
vided, That where, in the manufacture of
wine, artificial sweetening1 has been used the
wine or the fruit pomace residuum may be
used in the distillation, of brandy, and such
use shall not prevent the commissioner ol
internal revenue, with the approval of the
secretary of the treasury, from exempting-
such distiller from any provision of this title
relating1 to the manufacture of spirits, except
as to the tax thereon, when in his judg-ment
it may seem expedient to do so: And pro-
vided further. That the distillers mentioned
in this section may add to not less than five
hundred gallons (or ten barrels) of grape
cheese not more than five hundred gallons of
a sugar solution made from cane, beet, starch,
or corn sugar, 95 per centum pure, such solu-
tion to have a saccharine strength of not to
exceed 10 per centum, and may ferment the
resultant mixture on a winery or distillery
premises, and such fermented product shall
be regarded as distilling material."
Sec. 626. That distilled spirits known com-
mercially as gin of not less than 80 per
centum proof may at any time within eight
years after entry in bond at any distillery be
bottled in bond at such distillery for ex-
port without the payment of tax. under such
rules and regulations as the commissioner,
with the approval of the secretary, may pre-
scribe.
Sec. 627. That section 3354 of the revised
statutes as amended by the act approved
June 18, 1890, be, and is hereby, amended
to read as follows:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
65
"Sec. 3354. Every person who withdraws
any fermented liquor from any hogshead, bar-
rel, kegr, or other vessel upon which the prop-
er stamp has not been affixed for the purpose
of bottling- the same, or who carries on or
attempts to carry on the business of bottling-
fermented liquor in any brewery or other
place in which rfermented liquor is made, or
upon any premises having- communication
with such brewery, or any warehouse, shall
be liable to a fine of $500. and the property
used in such bottling- or business shall be
liable to forfeiture: Provided, however. That
this section shall not be construed to pre-
vent the withdrawal and transfer of unfer-
mented. partially fermented, or fermented
liquors from any of the vats in any brewery
by way of a pipe line or other conduit to
another building- or place for the sole pur-
pose of bottling- the same, such pipe line or
conduit to be constructed and operated in such
manner and with such cisterns, vats, tanks,
valves, cocks, faucets, and gauges, or other
utensils or apparatus, either on the premises
of the brewery or the bottling1 house, and
with such changes of or additions thereto,
and such locks, seals, or other fastenings, and
under such rules and regulations as shall be
from time to time prescribed by the commis-
sioner of internal revenue, subject to the ap-
proval of the secretary of the treasury, and
all locks and seals prescribed shall be pro-
vided by the commissioner of internal revenue
at the expense of the United States: Provided
further, That the tax imposed in section 3339
of the revised statutes shall be paid on all
fermented liquor removed from a brewery to
a bottling house by means of a pipe or con-
duit, at the- time of such removal, by the
cancellation and defacement, by the collector
of the district or his deputy, in the presence
of the brewer, of the number of stamps de-
noting the tax on the fermented liquor thus
removed. The stamps thus canceled and de-
faced shall be disposed of and accounted
for in the manner directed by the commis-
sioner of internal revenue, with the approval
of the secretary of the treasury. And any
violation of the rules and regulations here-
after prescribed by the commissioner of in-
ternal revenue, with the approval of the sec-
retary of the treasury, in pursuance of these
provisions, shall be subject to the penalties
above provided by this section. Every own-
er, agent, or superintendent of any brewery or
bottling house who removes, or connives at
the removal of, any fermented liquor through
a pipe line or conduit, without payment of
the tax thereon, or who attempts in any man-
ner to defraud the revenue as above, shall
forfeit all the liquors made by and for him.
and all the vessels, utensils, and apparatus
used in making the same."
Sec. 628. That there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected, and paid in lieu of the
taxes imposed by sections 313 and 315 of
the revenue act of 1917 —
(a) Upon all beverag-es derived wholly or
in part from cereals or substitutes there-
lor, and containing- less than one-half of one
per* centum of alcohol, sold by the manufac-
turer, producer, or importer, in bottles or
other closed containers, a tax equivalent to
15 per centum of the price for which so
sold; and upon all unfermented grape juice,
ginger ale. root beer, sarsaparilla, pop, arti-
ficial mineral waters (carbonated or not car-
bonated), other carbonated waters or bever-
ages, and other soft drinks, sold by the manu-
facturer, producer, or importer, in bottles or
other closed containers, a tax equivalent to
10 per centum of the price for which so feold;
and
(b) Upon all natural mineral waters or table
waters, sold by the producer, bottler, or im-
porter thereof, in bottles or other closed con-
tainers, at over 10 cents per gallon, a tax of
2 cents per gallon.
Sec. 629. That each manufacturer, producer,
bottler, or importer of any of the articles
enumerated in section 628 shall make momh-
ly returns under oath in duplicate and pay
the taxes imposed in respect to such articles
by such section to the collector for the dis-
trict in which is located the principal place
of business, containing such information nec-
essary for the assessment of the tax, and
at such times and in such manner as the
commissioner, with the approval of the sec-
retary, may by regulation prescribe.
The tax shall, without assessment by the
commissioner or notice from the collector, be
due and payable to the collector at the time
so fixed for filing the return. If the tax is
not paid when due, there shall be added as
part of the tax a penalty of 5 per centum,
together with interest at the rate of 1 per
centum for each full month, from the time
when the tax became due.
Sec. 630. That on and after May 1, 1919.
there shall be levied, assessed, collected, and
paid a tax of 1 cent for each 10 cents or
frrction thereof of the amount paid to any
person conducting a soda fountain, ice cream
Sarlor, or other similar place of business, for1
rinks commonly known as soft drinks, com-
pounded or mixed at such place of business,
or for ice cream, ice cream sodas, sundaes, or
other similar articles of food or drink, when
any of the above are sold on or after such
date for consumption in or in proximity to
such place of business. Such tax shall be
paid by the purchaser to the vendor at the
time of the sale and shrill be collected, re-
turned, and paid to the United States by such
vendor in the same manner as provided in
section 502.
TITLE VII.— TAX ON CIGARS, TOBACCO,
AND MANUFACTURES THEREOF.
Sec. 700. (a) That upon cigars and ciga-
rettes manufactured in or imported into the
United States, and hereafter sold by the
manufacturer or importer, or removed for con-
sumption or sale, there shall be levied, col-
lected, and paid under the provisions of exist-
ing law, in lieu of the internal revenue taxes
now imposed thereon by law, the following
taxes, to be paid by the manufacturer or
importer thereof —
On cigars of all descriptions made of to-
bacco, or any substitute therefor, and weigh-
ing not more than three pounds per thousand.
$1.50 per thousand;
On cigars made of tobacco, or any substitute
therefor, and weighing more than three pounds
per thousand, if manufactured or imported to
retail at not more than 5 cents each, $4 per
thousand:
If manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 5 cents each and not more than
8 cents each, S6 per thousand:
If manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 8 cents each and not more than
15 cents each. $9 per thousand:
If manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 15 cents each and not more than
20 cents each. $12 per thousand:
If manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 20 cents each, $15 per thousand:
On cigarettes made of tobacco, or any sub-
stitute therefor, and weighing not more than
three pounds per thousand, $3 per thousand:
Weighing more than three pounds per thou-
sand, $7.20 per thousand.
(b) Whenever in this section reference is
made to cigars manufactured or imported to
retail at not over a certain price each, then
in determining the tax to be paid regard shall
be had to the ordinary retail price of a single
(c)' The commissioner may. by regulation,
require the manufacturer or importer to af-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
fix to each box, package, or container a con-
spicuous label indicating1 the clause of this
section under which the cigars therein con-
tained have been tax paid, which must cor-
respond with the tax paid stamp on such box
or container.
(d) Every manufacturer of cigarettes (in-
cluding- small cigars weighing not more than
three pounds per thousand) shall put up all
the cigarettes and such small cigars that he
manufactures or has manufactured for him,
and sells or removes for consumption or sale,
in packages or parcels containing five, eight,
ten, twelve, fifteen, sixteen, twenty, twenty-
four, forty, fifty, eighty, or one hundred cig-
arettes each, and shall securely affix to each
of such packages or parcels a suitable stamp
denoting the tax thereon and shall properly
cancel the same prior to such sale or re-
moval for consumption or sale under such
regulations as the commissioner, with the ap-
proval of the secretary, shall prescribe; and
all cigarettes imported from a foreign coun-
try shall be packed, stamped, and the stamps
canceled in a like manner, in addition to the
import stamp indicating inspection of the
custom house before they are withdrawn
therefrom.
Sec. 701. (a) That upon all tobacco and
snuff manufactured in or imported into the
United States, and hereafter sold by the
manufacturer or im'porter, or removed for
consumption or sale, there shall be levied,
collected, and paid, in lieu of the internal
revenue taxes now imposed thereon by law,
a tax of 18 cents per pound, to be paid by
the manufacturer or importer thereof.
(b) Section 3362 of the revised statutes, as
amended, is hereby amended to read as fol-
lows:
"Sec. 3362. All manufactured tobacco shall
be put up and prepared by the manufacturer
lor sale, or removal for sale or consumption,
in packages of the following- description and
in no other manner:
"All smoking tobacco, snuff, fine cut chew-
ing tobacco, all cut and granulated tobacco,
all shorts, the refuse of fine cut chewing,
which has passed through a riddle of thirty-
six meshes to the sauare inch, and all refuse
scraps, clippings, cuttings, and sweepings of
tobacco, and all other kinds of tobacco not
otherwise provided for, in packages contain-
ing one-eighth of an ounce, three-eighths of
an ounce, and further packages with a dif-
ference between each package and the one
next smaller of one-eighth of an ounce up to
and including two ounces, and further pack-
ages with a difference between each package
and the one next smaller of one-fourth of
an ounce UP to and including four ounces,
and packages of five ounces, six ounces,
seven ounces, eight ounces, ten ounces, twelve
ounces, fourteen ounces, and sixteen ounces:
Provided, That snuff may. at the option of
the manufacturer, be put up in bladders and
in jars containing not exceeding twenty
pounds.
"All cavendish, plug1 and twist tobacco, in
wooden packages not exceeding 200 pounds
net weight.
"And every such wooden package shall have
printed or marked thereon the manufacturer's
name and place of manufacture, the reg-
istered number of the manufactory and the
gross weight, the tare and the net weight
of the tobacco in each package: Provided,
That these limitations and descriptions of
packages shall not apply to tobacco and
snuff transported in bond for exportation and
actually exported: And provided further.
That perique tobacco, snuff flour, fine cut
shorts, the refuse of fine cut chewing to-
bacco, refuse scraps, clippings, cuttings and
sweepings of tobacco may be sold in bulk as
material, and without the payment of tax,
by one manufacturer directly to another man-
ufacturer, or for export, under such restric-
tions, rules and regulations as the commis-
sioner of internal revenue may prescribe:
And provided further. That wood, metal,
paper or other materials may be used sepa-
rately or in combination for packing tobacco,
snuff, and cigars, under such regulations as
the commissioner of internal revenue may
establish."
Sec. 702. That upon all the articles enu-
merated in section 700 or 701, which were
manufactured or imported, and removed from
factory or custom house on or prior to the
date of the passage of this act, and upon
which the tax imposed by existing law has
been paid, and which are, on the day after
the passage of this act. held by any person
and intended for sale, there shall be levied,
assessed, collected and paid a floor tax equal
to the difference between (a) the tax imposed
by this act upon such articles according to
the class in which they are placed by this
title, and (b) the tax imposed upon such
articles by existing law other than section
403 of the revenue act of 1917.
Sec. 703. That 'there shall be levied, col-
lected and paid, in lieu of the taxes im-
posed by section 404 of the revenue act of
1917. upon cigarette paper made up into pack-
ages, books, sets or tubes, made up in or
imported into the United States and here-
after sold by the manufacturer or importer
to any person (other than to a manufacturer
of cig-arettea for use by him in the manufac-
ture of cigarettes) the following- taxes, to be
paid by the manufacturer or importer: On
each package, book or set, containing more
than twenty-five but not more than fifty pa-
pers, H cent; containing more than fifty but
not more than 100 papers, 1 cent; contain-
ing more than 100 papers, % cent for each
fifty papers or fractional part thereof: and
upon tubes. 1 cent for each fifty tubes or
fractional part thereof.
Every manufacturer of cigarettes purchas-
ing any cigarette paper made up into tubes
(a) shall give bond in an amount and with
sureties satisfactory to the commissioner that
he will use such tubes in the manufacture of
cigarettes or pay thereon a tax equivalent to
the tax imposed by this section, and (b)
shall keep such records and render under oath
such returns as the commissioner finds nec-
essary to show the disposition of all tubes
purchased or imported by such manufacturer
of cigarettes.
Sec. 704. That section 35 of the act en-
titled "An act to provide revenue, equalize
duties and encourage the industries of the
United States, and for other purposes," ap-
proved Aug. 5. 1909. be. and is hereby, re-
pealed, to take effect April 1. 1919.
That section 3360 of the revised statutes '
be. and is hereby, amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 3360. (a) Every dealer in leaf tobacco
shall file with the collector of the district in
which his business is carried on a state-
ment in duplicate, subscribed under oath.
setting1 forth the place, and, if in a city, the
street and number of the street where his
business is to be carried on. and the exact
location of each place where leaf tobacco
is held by him on storage, and whenever he
adds to or discontinues any of his leaf to-
bacco storage places he shall give immediate
notice to the collector of the district in which
he is registered.
"Every such dealer shall give a bond with
surety, satisfactory to. and to be approved
by. the collector of the district, in such penal
sum as the collector may require, not less
than $500: and a new bond may be required
in the discretion of the collector or under in-
structions of the commissioner.
"Every such dealer shall be assigned a
number by the collector of the district, which
number shall appear in every inventory, in-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
07
voice and report rendered by the dealer, who
shall also obtain certificates from the col-
lector of the district setting- forth the place
where his business is carried on and the
places designated by the dealer as the places
of storag-e of his tobacco, which certificates
shall be posted conspicuously within, the
dealer's registered place of business, and with-
in each designated place of storage.
"(b) Every dealer in leaf tobacco shall
make and deliver to the collector of the dis-
trict a true inventory of the quantity of the
different kinds of tobacco held or owned,
and where stored by him. on the 1st day of
January of each year, or at the time of com-
mencing and at the time of concluding busi-
ness, if before or after the 1st day of Janu-
ary, such inventory to be made under oath
and rendered in such form as may be pre-
scribed by the commissioner.
"Every dealer in leaf tobacco shall render
such invoices and keep such records as shall
be prescribed by the commissioner, and shall
enter therein, day by day. and upon the same
day on which the circumstance, thing1 or act
to be recorded is done or occurs, an accurate
account of the number of hogsheadj. tierces,
cases and bales, and quantity of leaf tobacco
contained therein, purchased or received by
him, on assignment, consignment, for storage,
by transfer or otherwise, and of whom pur-
chased or received, and the number of hogs-
heads, tierces, cases and bales, and the quan-
tity of leaf tobacco contained therein, sold
by him, with the name and residence in
each instance of the person to whom sold,
and if shipped, to whom shipped, and to
what district: such records shall be kept at
his place of business at all times and pre-
served for a period oi two years, and the
same shall be open at all hours for the in-
spection of any internal revenue officer or
agent.
"Every dealer in lea-f tobacco on or before
the 10th day of each month, shall furnish
to the collector of the district a true and
complete report of all purchases, receipts,
sales and shipments of leaf tobacco made by
him during the month next preceding, which
report shall be verified and rendered in such
form as the commissioner, with the approval
of the secretary, shall prescribe.
" (c) Sales or shipments of leaf tobacco
by a dealer in leaf tobacco shall be in quan-
tities of not less than a hogshead, tierce,
case or bale, except loose leaf tobacco com-
prising the breaks on warehouse floors, and
except to a duly registered manufacturer of
cigars for use in his own manufactory ex-
clusively.
"Dealers in leaf tobacco shall make ship-
ments of leaf tobacco only to other Sealers
in leaf tobacco, to registered manufacturers
of tobacco, snuff, cigars or cigarettes, or lor
export.
"(d) Upon all leaf tobacco sold, removed or
shipped by any dealer in leaf tobacco in vio-
lation of the provisions of subdivision (c). or
in respect to which no report has been made
by such dealer in accordance with the pro-
visions of subdivision (b), there shall be
levied, assessed, collected and paid a tax
equal to the tax then in force upon manu-
factured tobacco, such tax to be assessed and
collected in the same manner as the tax
on manufactured tobacco.
"(e) Every dealer in leaf tobacco
"(1) who neglects or refuses to furnish
the statement, to give bond, to keep books, to
file inventory or to render the invoices, re-
turns or reports required by the commission-
er, or to notify the collector of the district
of additions to his places of storage: or
"(2) who ships or delivers leaf tobaccq, ex-
cept as herein provided: or
"(3) who fraudulently omits to account for
tobacco purchased, received, sold or shipped:
shall be fined not less than 8100 or more
than 8500, or imprisoned not more than one
year, or both.
"(f) For the purposes of this section a
farmer or grower of tobacco shall not be re-
garded as a dealer in leaf tobacco in respect
to the leaf tobacco produced by him."
TITLE Vin.— TAX ON ADMISSIONS AND
DUES.
Sec. 809. (a) That from and after April 1.
1919, there shall be levied, assessed, collect-
ed and paid, in lieu of the taxes imposed
by section 700 of the revenue act of 1917 —
(1) A tax of 1 cent for each 10 cents or
fraction thereof of the amount paid for ad-
mission to any place on or after such date,
including admission by season ticket or sub-
scription, to be paid by the person paying
for such admission:
(2) In the case of persons (except bona fide
employes, municipal officers on official busi-
ness, persons in the military or naval forces
of the United States when in uniform, and
children under 12 years of age) admitted
free or at reduced rates to any place at a time
when and under circumstances under which
an admission charge is made to other per-
sons., a tax of 1 cent for each 10 cents or
fraction thereof of the price so charged to
such other persons for the same or similar
accommodations, to be paid by the person
so admitted:
(5) Upon tickets or cards of admission to
theaters, operas and other places of amuse-
ment, sold at news stands, hotels and placet
other than the ticket offices of such theaters,
operas or other places of amusement, at not
to exceed 50 cents in excess of the sum of
the established price therefor at such ticket
offices plus the amount of any tax imposed
under paragraph (1). a tax equivalent to 5
per centum of the amount of such ex-
cess: and if sold for more than 50 cents in
excess of the sum of such established price
plus the amount of any tax imposed under
paragraph (1). a tax equivalent to 50 per
centum of the whole amount of such excess,
such taxes to be returned and paid, in the
manner provided in section 903. by the per-
son selling- such tickets;
(4) A tax equivalent to 50 per centum of
the amount for which the proprietors, man-
agers or employes of any opera house, the-
ater or other place of amusement sell or dis-
pose of tickets or cards of admission in ex-
cess of the regular or established price or
charge therefor, such tax to be returned and
paid, in the manner provided in section 903.
by the person selling such tickets:
(5) In the case of persons having the per-
manent use of boxes or seats in an opera
house or any place of amusement or a lease
for the use of such box or seat in such opera
house or place of amusement, in lieu of the
tax Imposed by paragraph (1), a tax equiv-
alent to 10 per centum of the amount for
which a similar box or seat is sold for
each performance or exhibition at which
the box or seat is used or reserved by
or for the lessee or holder, such tax to be
paid by the lessee or holder: and
(6) A tax of 1% cents for each 10 cents
or fraction thereof of the amount paid for
admission to any public performance for prof-
it at any roof garden, cabaret or other sim-
ilar entertainment, to which the charge for
admission is wholly or in part included in the
price paid for refreshment, service or mer-
chandise: the ..mount paid for such admission
to be deemed to be 20 per centum of the
amount paid for refreshment, service and
merchandise; such tax to be paid by the per-
spn paying for such refreshment, service or
merchandise.
(b) No tax shall be levied under this title
68
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
in respect to any admissions all the proceeds
of which inure exclusively to the benefit of
religious, educational or charitable institu-
tions, societies or organizations, societies for
the prevention of cruelty to children or ani-
mals or exclusively to the benefit of organiza
tions conducted for the sole purpose of main-
taining- symphony orchestras and receiving
substantial support from voluntary contribu
tions, none of the profits of which are dis-
tributed to members of such organizations,
or exclusively to the benefit of persons in
the military or naval forces of the United
States, or admissions to agricultural fairs
none of the profits of which are distributed
to stockholders or members of the association
conducting the same.
(c) The term "admission" as used in this
title includes seats and tables, reserved or
otherwise and other similar accommodations,
and the charges made therefor.
(d) The price (exclusive of the tax to be
paid by the person paying for admission) at
which every admission ticket or card is sold
shall be conspicuously and indelibly printed,
stamped or written on the face or back there
of, together with the name of the vendor if
sold other than at the ticket oflQce of the
theater, opera or other place of amusement.
Whoever sells an admission ticket or card on
which the name of the vendor and price is
not so printed, stamped, or written, or at a
price in excess of the price so printed,
stamped, or written thereon, is guilty of a
misdeameanor, and upon conviction thereof
shall be fined not more than $100.
Sec. 801. That from and after April 1, 1919.
there shall be levied, assessed, collected and
paid, in lieu of the taxes imposed by section
701 of the revenue act of 1917, a tax equiv-
alent to 10 per centum of any amount paid
on or after such date, for any period after
such date, (a) as dues or membership fees
(where the dues or fees of an active resi-
dent annual member are in excess of $10 per
year) to any social, athletic, or sporting club
or organization: or (b) as initiation fees to
such a club or organization, if such fees
amount to more than $10. or if the dues or
membership fees (not including initiation fees)
of an active resident annual member are in
excess of $10 per year; such taxes to be
paid by the person paying such dues or fees:
Provided, That there shall be exempted from
the provisions of this section all amounts
paid as dues or fees to a fraternal society, or-
der, or association, operating under the lodge
system. In the case of life memberships a
life member shall pay annually, at the time
for the payment of dues by active resident
annual members, a tax equivalent to the tax
upon the amount paid by such member, but
shall pay no tax upon the amount paid lor
life membership.
Sec. 802. That every person (a) receiving
any payments for such admission, dues, or
fees shall collect the amount of the tax
imposed by section 800 or 801 from the per-
son making such payments, or (b) admitting
any person free to any place for admission
to which a charge is made, shall collect the
amount of the tax imposed by section 800
from the person so admitted. Every club or
organization having life members shall col-
lect from such members the amount of the
tax imposed by section 801. In all the above
cases returns and payments of the amount so
collected shall be made at the same time and
inthe same manner as provided in eection
oO-o.
TITLE IX.— EXCISE TAXES.
Sec. 900. That there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid upon the following,
articles sold or leased by the manufacturer
producer, or importer, a tax equivalent to
the following percentages of the price for
which so sold or leased—
(1) Automobile trucks and automobile
wagons (including tires, inner tubes, parts
and accessories therefor, sold on or in con-
nection therewith or with the sale thereof).
3 per centum;
(2) Other automobiles and motorcycles (in-
cluding tires, inner tubes, parts and acces-
sories therefor, sold on or in connection there-
with or with the sale thereof), except trac-
tors. 6 per centum;
(3) Tires, inner tubes, parts or accessories,
for any of the articles enumerated in subdi-
vision. (D or (2). sold to any person other
than a manufacturer or producer of any of
the articles enumerated in subdivision (1) or
(2). 6 per centum;
(4) Pianos, organs (other than pipe organs).
piano players, graphophones, phonographs,
talking machines, music boxes and records
used in connection with any musical instru-
ment, piano player, graphophone, phono-
graph or talking machine. 5 per centum;
(5) Tennis rackets, nets, racket covers and
presses, skates, snowshoes. skis, toboggans,
canoe paddles and cushions, polo mallets, base-
ball bats, gleves, masks, protectors, shoes
and uniforms, football helmets, harness and
goals, basket ball goals and uniforms, golf
bags and clubs, lacrosse sticks, balls of all
kinds, including baseballs, footballs, tennis.
golf, lacrosse, billiard and pool balls, fishing
rods and reels, billiard and pool tables, chess
and checker boards and pieces, dice, games
and parts of games (except playing cards and
children's toys and games), and all similar
articles commonly or commercially known as
sporting goods. 10 per centum;
(6) Chewing sum or substitutes therefor, 3
per centum;
(7) Cameras, weighing not more than 100
pounds, 10 per centum;
(8) Photographic films and plates, other
than moving-picture films. 5 per centum;
(9) Candy, 5 per centum;
(10) Firearms, shells and cartridges, except
those sold for the use of the United States,
any state, territory, or possession of the
United States, any political subdivision there-
of, the District of Columbia, or any foreign
country while engaged against the German
government in the present war, 10 per
centum;
(11) Hunting1 and bowie knives. 10 per
centum:
(12) Dirk knives, daggers, sword canes,
stilettos and brass or metallic knuckles, 100
per centum:
(13) Portable electric fans, 5 per centum;
(14) Thermos and thermostatic bottles,
carafes, jugs, or other thermostatic contain-
ers, 5 per centum:
(15) Cigar or cigarette holders and pipes,
composed wholly or in part of meerschaum
or amber, humidors and smoking stands, 10
per centum;
(16) Automatic slot device vending ma-
chines, 5 per centum, and automatic slot
device weighing machines, 10 per centum;
if the manufacturer, producer, or importer of
any such machine operates it for profit, he
shall pay a tax in respect to each such ma-
chine put into operation equivalent to 5 per
centum of its fair market value in the case
of a vending machine, and 10 per centum
of its fair market value in the case of a
weighing machine:
(17) Liveries and livery boots and hats. 10
per centum:
(18) Hunting and shooting garments and
riding habits, 10 per centum;
(19) Articles made of fur on the hide or
pelt, or of which any such fur is the com-
ponent material of chief value. 10 per
centum;
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
(20) Yachts and motor boats not designed
lor trade, fishing-, or national defense; and
pleasure boats and pleasure canoes if sold for
more than $15. 10 per centum; and
(21) Toilet soaps and toilet eoap powders.
3 per centum
If any manufacturer, producer or importer
of any of the articles enumerated in this
section customarily sells such articles both
at wholesale and at retail, the tax in the casa
of any article sold by him at retail shall be
computed on the price for which like articles
are sold by him at wholesale.
The taxes imposed by this section shall, in
the case of any article in respect to which a
corresponding- tax is imposed by section 600
of the revenue act of 1917. be in lieu of
such tax.
Sec. 901. That il any person manufactures.
produces or imports any article enumerated in
section 900, or leases or licenses for exhibi-
tion any positive motion-picture film con-
taining- a picture ready for projection, and,
whether through any agreement, arrangement,
or understanding, or otherwise, sells, leases or
licenses such article at less than the fair mar-
ket price obtainable therefor, either (a) in
such manner as directly or indirectly to bene-
fit such person or any person directly or in-
directly interested in the business of such
Serson. or (b) with intent to cause such bene-
t, the amount for which such article is
sold, leased or licensed shall be taken to be
the amount which would have been received
from the sale, lease or license of such article
if sold, leased or licensed at the fair market
price.
Sec. 902. That there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid upon sculpture,
painting-s, statuary, art porcelains and bronzes,
eold by any person other than the artist, a
tax equivalent to 10 per centum of the price
lor which so sold. This section shall not ap-
ply to the sale of any such article to an edu-
cational institution or public art museum.
Sec. 903. That every person liable lor any
tax impossed by section 900, 902. or 906
shall make monthly returns under oath in
duplicate and pay the taxes imposed by such
sections to the collector for the district in
which is located the principal place of busi-
ness. Such returns shall contain such infor-
mation and be made at such times and in
such manner as the commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, may by regula-
tions prescribe.
The tax shall, without assessment by the
commissioner or notice from the collector,
be due and payable to the collector at the
time so fixed for filing- the return. If the
tax is not paid when due, there shall be
added as part of the tax a penalty of 5 per
centum, tog-ether with interest at the rate ol
1 per centum for each full month, from the
time when the tax became due.
Sec. 904. (a) That on and after May 1.
1919, there shall be levied, assessed, collect-
ed and paid a tax equivalent to 10 per centum
of so much of the amount paid for any of
the following- articles as is in excess of the
price hereinafter specified as to each such ar-
ticle, when such article is sold by or for a
dealer or his estate on or after such date for
consumption or use —
(1) Carpets and rug-s. including- fiber, ex-
cept imported and American rugs made prin-
cipally of wool, on the amount in excessi of
$5 per square yard;
(2) Picture frames, on the amount in excess
of S10 each;
(3) Trunks, on the amount in excess of
550 each:
(4) Valises, traveling- bag's, suitcases, hat
boxes used b.v travelers, and fitted toilet
cases, on the amount in excess of 825 each:
(5) Purses, pocket books, shopping1 and
hand bags, on the amount in excess ol $7.50
(6) Portable lighting- fixtures, including
lamps of all kinds and lamp shades, on the
amount in excess of $25 each:
(7) Umbrellas, parasols, and sun shades, on
the amount in excess of $4 each;
(8) Fans, on the amount in excess ol $1
each;
(9) House or smoking- coats or jackets, and
bath or lounging- robes, on the amount in
excess of $7.50 each;
(10) Men's waistcoats, sold separately from
suits, on the amount in excess of $5 each;
(11) Women's and misses* hats, bonnets and
hoods, on the amount in excess of $15 eacl ;
(12) Men's and boys' hats, on the amount in
excess of $5 each;
(13) Men's and boys' caps, on the amount
in excess of $2 each;
(14) Men's, women's, misses' and boys*
boots, shoes, pumps and slippers, not includ-
ing- shoes or appliances made to order lor
any person having- a crippled or deformed foot
or ankle, on the amount in excess ol $10 per
pair:
(15) Men's and boys' neckties and neck-
wear on the amount in excess of $2 each:
(16) Men's and boys' silk stocking-s or hose,
on the amount in excess of $1 per pair:
(17) Women's and misses' silk stockings or
hose, on the amount in excess of $2 per
pair;
(18) Men's shirts, on the amount in ex-
cess ol $3 each:
(19) Men's, women's, misses' and boys' pa-
jamas, nightgowns and underwear, on the
amount in excess of $5 each; and
(20) Kimonos, petticoats and waists, on the
amount in excess of $15 each.
(b) The tax imposed by this section shall
not apply (1) to any article enumerated in
paragraphs (2) to (8). both inclusive, ol sub-
division (a), il such article is made ol. or
ornamented, mounted, or fitted with, precious
metals or imitations thereof or ivory, or (2)
to any article made of fur on the hide or
pelt, or of which any such fur is the com-
ponent material ol chief value, or to (3) any
article enumerated in subdivision (17) or
(18) ol section 900.
(c) The taxes imposed by this section shall
be paid by the purchaser to the vendor at the
time ol the sale and shall be collected, re-
turned, and paid to the United States by such
vendor in the same manner as provided in
section 502.
Sec. 905. That on and alter April 1. 1919.
there shall be levied, assessed, collected and
paid (in lieu of the tax imposed by subdi-
vision (e) of section 600 of the revenue act
ol 1917) upon all articles commonly or
commercially known as jewelry, whether real
or imitation: pearls, precious and semiprecious
stones, and imitations thereof; articles made
of, or ornamented, mounted or fitted with,
precious metals or imitations thereof or ivory
(not including- surgical instruments) ; watch-
es: clocks: opera glasses: lorgnettes: marine
glasses; field glasses and binoculars; upon
any 9f the above when sold by or for a dealer
or his estate for consumption or use. a tax
equivalent to 5 per centum of the price lor
which so sold.
Every person selling1 any ol the articles
enumerated in this section shall make re-
turns under oath in duplicate (monthly or
quarterly as the commissioner, with the ap-
proval of the secretary, may prescribe) and
pay the taxes imposed in respect to such arti-
cles by this section to the collector lor the
district in which is located the principal place
ol business. Such returns shall contain such
information and be made at such times and
in such manner as the commissioner, with
the approval ol the secretary, may by regula-
tions prescribe.
70
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
The tax shall, without assessment by the
commissioner or notice from the collector, be
due and payable to the collector at the time
so fixed for filing- the return. If the tax is
not paid when due, there shall be added as
part of the tax a penalty of 6 per centum, to-
g-ether with interest at the rate of 1 per
centum for each full month, from the time
when the tax became due.
Sec 906. That on and after the 1st day of
May. 1919. any person engaged in the busi-
ness of leasing- or licensing- for exhibition posi-
tive motion-picture films containing- pictures
ready for projection shall pay monthly an
excise tax in respect to carrying- on such busi-
ness equal to 6 per centum of the total
rentals earned from each such lease or li-
cense during- the preceding- month. If a per-
son owning- such a film exhibits it for profit
he shall pay a tax equivalent to 5 per centum
of the fair rental or license value of such
film at the time and place where and for the
period during- which exhibited. If any such
person has. prior to Dec. 6. 1918. made a bona
fide contract with any person for the lease or
licensing-, after the tax imposed by this sec-
tion takes effect, of such a film for exhibi-
tion for profit, and if such contract does not
permit the adding- of the whole of the tax im-
posed by this section to the amount to be
paid under such contract then the lessee or
licensee shall, in lieu of the lessor or licensor,
pay so much of such tax as ia not so per-
mitted to be added to the contract price. The
tax imposed by this section shall be in lieu
of the tax imposed by subdivisions (c) and
(d) of section 600 of the revenue act of 1917.
Sec. 907. (a) That on and after May 1,
1919. there shall be levied, assessed, col-
lected and paid (in lieu of the taxes imposed
by subdivisions (g-) and (h) of section 600
of the revenue act of 1917) a tax of 1 cent
for each 25 cents or fraction thereof of the
amount paid for any of the following- articles
when sold by or for a dealer or his estate on
or after such date for consumption or nee:
(1) Perfumes, essences, extracts, toilet
waters, cosmetics, petroleum Jellies, hair oils,
pomades, hair dressing's, hair restoratives, hair
dyes, tooth and mouth washes, dentifrices,
tooth pastes, aromatic cachous. toilet powders
(other than soap powders), or any similar eub-
stanc :, article, or preparation by whatso-
ever name known or distinguished, any of
the above which are used or applied or in-
tended to be used or applied for toilet pur-
poses;
(2) Pills, tablets, powders, tinctures, troches
or lozenges, sirups, medicinal cordials or bit-
ters, anodynes, tonics, plasters, liniments,
salves, ointments, pastes, drpps, waters (ex-
cept those taxed under section 628 of this
act), essences, spirits, oils, and other medicinal
preparations, compounds, or compositions (not
including- serums and antitoxins), upon the
amount paid for any of the above as to which
the manufacturer or producer claims to have
any private formula, secret, or occult art for
making- or preparing- the same, or has or
claims to have any exclusive right or title to
the making1 or preparing- the same, or which
are prepared, uttered, vended, or exposed for
sale under any letters patent, or trade-mark,
or which (if prepared by any formula, pub-
lished or unpublished) are held out or recom-
mended to the public by the makers, vendors,
or proprietors thereof as proprietary medi-
cines or medicinal proprietary articles or prep-
arations, or as remedies or specifics for any
disease, diseases, or affection whatever af-
fecting- the human or animal body: Pro-
vided. That the provisions of this section shall
not apply to the sale of vaccines and bac-
terines which are not advertised to the gen-
eral lay public, nor to the sale by a physician
in personal attendance upon a patient of'
medicinal preparations not so advertised
(b) The taxes imposed by this section
shall be collected by whichever of the follow-
ing- methods the commissioner may deem expe-
dient: (1) by stamp affixed to such article by
the vendor, the cost of which shall be reim-
bursed to the vendor by the purchaser: or (2)
by payment to the vendor by the purchaser
at the time of the sale, the taxes so collect-
ed beingr returned and paid to the United
States by such vendor in the same manner as
provided in section 602.
TITLE X.— SPECIAL TAXES.
Sec. .1000. (a) That on and after July 1.
1918. in lieu of the tax imposed by the first
subdivision of section 407 of the revenue act
of 1916—
(1) Every domestic corporation shall pay
annually a special excise tax with respect to
carrying- on or doing- business, equivalent to
$1 for each 31.000 or so much of the fair
average value of its capital stock for the
preceding- year ending- June 30 as is in, excess
of $5,000. In estimating- the value of capital
stock the surplus and undivided profits shall
be included;
(2) Every foreign corporation shall pay
annually a special excise tax with respect to
carrying- on, or doing- business in the United
States, equivalent to $1 for each $1,000 of
the average amount of capital employed in the
transaction of its business in the United States
during- the preceding- year ending- June 30.
(b) In computing- the tax in the case
of insurance companies such deposits and
reserve funds as they are required by law or
contract to maintain or hold for the protection
of or payment to or apportionment among-
policyholders shall not be included.
(c) The taxes imposed by this section shall
not apply in any year to any corporation
which was not eng-aged in business (or in the
case of a foreign corporation not engaged in
business in the United States) during- the
preceding- year ending- June 30. nor to any
corporation enumerated in section 231. The
taxes imposed by this section shall apply to
mutual insurance companies, and in the case
of every such domestic company the tax
shall be equivalent to $1 for each $1.000 of
the excess over $5,000 of the sum of its
surplus or contingent reserves maintained for
the general use of the business and any
reserves the net additions to which are
included in net income under the provisions of
Title II., as of the close of the preceding:
accounting- period used by such company for
purppses of making- its income tax return.
Provided. That in the case of a foreign mutual
insurance company the tax shall be equivalent
to $1 for each $1.000 of the same proportion
of the sum of such surplus and reserves, which
the reserve fund upon business transacted
within the United States is of the total reserve
upon all business transacted, as of the close
of the preceding- accounting- period used by
such company for purposes of making' its
income tax return.
(d) Section 257 shall apply to all returns
filed with the commissioner for purposes of
the tax imposed by this section.
Sec. 1001. That on and after Jan. 1. 1919.
there shall be levied, collected, and paid
annually the following- special taxes —
(1) Brokers shall pay $50. Every person
whose business it is to neg-otiate purchases or
sales of stocks, bonds, exchange, bullion,
coined money, bank notes, promissory notes,
other securities, produce or merchandise, for
others, shall be regarded as a broker. If a
broker is a member of a stock exchange, or
if he is a member of any produce exchange,
board of trade, or similar organization, where
produce or merchandise is sold, he shall pay
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
an additional amount as follows: If the av-
erage value, during1 the preceding' year ena-
ing June 30. of a seat or membership in
such exchange or organization was $2 0 0 0 or
more but not more than So. 000, $100; if
such value was more than $5,000, $150.
(2) Pawnbrokers shall pay $100. Every
person whose business or occupation it is to
take or receive, by way of pledge, pawn, or
exchange, any goods, wares, or merchandise, or
any kind of personal property whatever, as
security for the repayment of money loaned
thereon, shall be regarded as a pawnbroker.
(3) Ship brokers shall pay 850, Every per-
son whose business it is as a broker to
negotiate freights and other business for the
owners of vessels, or for the shippers or
consignors or consignees of freight carried by
vessels, shall be regarded as a ship broker.
(4) Custom house brokers shall pay $50.
Every person wrhose occupation it is. a» the
agent of others, to arrange entries and other
•custom house papers, or transact business at
any port of entry relating" to the importation
or exportation of goods, wares, or mer-
chandise, shall be regarded as a custom house
broker.
(5) Proprietors of theaters, museums and
concert halls, where a charge for admission
is made, having a seating capacity of not more
than 250, shall pay $50: having a seating
capacity of more than 250 and not exceeding
£00. shall pay $100: having a seating ca-
pacity exceeding 500 and not exceeding 800,
shall pay $150; having a seating capacity of
more than 800. shall pay $200. . Every edifice
used for the purpose of dramatic or operatic
or other representations, plays, or perform-
ances, for admission to which entrance money
is received, not including halls or armories
rented or used occasionally for concerts or
theatrical representations, and not including
edifices owned by religious, educational or
charitable institutions, societies or organiza-
tions where all the proceeds from admissions
inure exclusively to the benefit of such
institutions, societies or organizations or ex-
clusively to the benefit of persons in
the military or naval forces of the United
States, shall be regarded as a theater:
Provided, that in cities, towns or villages of
6.000 inhabitants or less the amount of
such payment shall be one-half of that
above stated: Provided further. That when-
ever any such edifice is under lease at the
time the tax is due. the tax shall be paid by
the lessee, unless otherwise stipulated between
the parties to the lease.
(6) The proprietor or proprietors of ar-
ouses shall pay $100. Every building, space.
tent or area where feats of horsemanship or
acrobatic sports or theatrical performances
not otherwise provided for in this section are
exhibited shall be regarded as a circus: Pro-
vided, That no special tax paid in one state,
territory or the District of Columbia shall
exempt exhibitions from the tax in another
state, territory or the District of Columbia,
and but one special tax shall be imposed for
exhibitions within any one state, territory or
district.
(7) Proprietors or agents of all other pub-
lic exhibitions or shows for money not enu-
merated in this section shall pay $15: Pro-
vided, That a special tax paid in one state,
territory, or the District of Columbia shall not
exempt exhibitions from the tax in another
state, territory, or the District of Columbia,
and but one special tax shall be required for
exhibitions within nny one state, territory or
the District of Columbia: Provided further.
That this paragraph shall not apply to chau-
tauquas, lecture lyreums. agricultural or in-
dustrial fairs, or exhibitions held under the
auspices of religious or charitable associa-
tions: Provided further, That an aggregation
of entertainments, known as a street fair,
shall not pay a larger tax than $100 in any,
state, territory or in the District of Columbia
(8) Proprietors of bowling alleys and bil-
liard rooms shall pay $10 for each alley or
table. Every building or place where bo wig
are thrown or where games of billiards or
pool are played, except in private homes,
shall be regarded as a bowling alley or a
billiard room, respectively.
(9) Proprietors of shboting- galleries shall
pay $20. Every building, space, tent or area
where a charge is made for the discharge of
firearms at any form of target shall be re-
garded as a shooting- gallery.
(10) Proprietors of riding academies shall
pay $100. Every building, space, tent or
area where a charge is made for instruction
in horsemanship or for facilities for the prac-
tice of horsemanship shall be regarded as a
riding academy.
(11) Persons carrying- on the business of
operating- or renting- passenger automobiles
for hire shall pay $10 for each such auto-
mobile having- a seating- capacity of more
than two and not more than seven, and $20
for each such automobile having- a seating
capacity of more than seven.
(12) Every person carrying- on the business
of a brewer, distiller, wholesale liquor dealer, /
retail liquor dealer, wholesale dealer in malt
liquor, retail dealer in malt liquor, or manu-
facturer of stills, as defined in section 3244
as amended and section 3247 of the revised
statutes, in any state, territory or district of
the United States contrary to the laws of
such state, territory or district, or in any
place therein in which carrying- on such busi-
ness is prohibited by local or municipal law,
shall pay, in addition to all other taxes, spe-
cial or otherwise, imposed by existing- law or
by this act. $1,000.
The payment of the tax imposed by this
subdivision shall not be held to exempt any
person from any penalty or punishment pro-
vided for by the laws of any state, territory
or district for carrying- on such business in
euch state, territory or district, or in any
manner to authorize the commencement or
continuance of such business contrary to the
la.ws of such state, territory or district, or
in places prohibited by local or municipal
law.
The taxes imposed by this section shall, in
the case of persons upon whom a correspond-
ing tax is imposed by section 407 of the
revenue act of 1916. be in lieu of such tax.
Sec. 1002. That on and after' Jan. 1, 1919,
there shall be levied, collected and paid an-
nually, in lieu of the taxes imposed by sec-
tion 408 of the revenue act of 1916, the
following- special taxes, the amount of such
taxes to be computed on the basis of the sales
for the preceding year ending- June 30—
Manufacturers of tobacco whose annual sales
do not exceed 60,000 pounds shall each pay
Manufacturers of tobacco whose annual sales
exceed 50,000 and do not exceed 100,000
pounds shall each pay $12:
Manufacturers of tobacco whose annual sales
exceed 100.000 and do not exceed 200.000
pounds shall each pay $24:
Manufacturers of tobacco whose annual saleg
exceed 200,000 pounds shall each pay $24.
and at the rate of 16 cents per 1,000 pounds,
or fraction thereof, in respect to the excess
over 200.000 pounds;
Manufacturers of cigars whose annual sales
do not exceed 50,000 cigrars shall each pay $4;
Manufacturers of cipars whose annual sales
exceed 50.000 and do not exceed 100.00*
cigars shall each pay $6:
Manufacturers of cigars whose annual sales
exceed 100,000 and do not exceed 200,000
cigrars shall each pay $12:
Manufacturers of cigars whose annual sales
72
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
exceed 200.000 and do not exceed 400,000
cigars shall each pay $24;
Manufacturers of cig-ars whose annual sales
exceed 400,000 cig-ars shall each pay $24,
and at the rate of 10 cents per 1,000 cig-ars,
or fraction thereof, in respect to the excess
over 400,000 cig-ars;
Manufacturers of cig-arettes, including- small
cigars, weighing1 not more than three pounds
rr thousand shall each pay at the rate of
cents for every 10,000 cigarettes, or frac-
tion thereof.
In arriving- at the amount of special tax to
be paid under this section, and in the levy
and collection of such tax, each person en-
gaged in the manufacture of more than one
of the classes of articles specified in this
section shall be considered and deemed a man-
ufacturer of each class separately.
Sec. 1003. That sixty days after the pass-
age of this act. and thereafter on July 1 in
each year, and also at the time of the orig-
inal purchase of a new boat by a user, if on
any other date than July 1. there shall be
levied, assessed, collected and paid in lieu of
the tax imposed by section 603 of the revenue
act of 1917. upon the use of yachts, pleasure
boats, power boats and sailing- boats of over
five net tons, and motor boats with fixed en-
gines not used exclusively for trade, fishing or
national defense, or not built according to
plans and specifications approved by the navy
department, a special excise tax to be based
on each yacht or boat, at rates as follows:
Yachts, pleasure boats, power boats, motor
boats with fixed engines, and sailing boats,
of over 5 net tons, length not over 50 feet,
$1 for each foot: length over 50 feet and not
over 100 feet. $2 for each foot: length over
/ 100 feet. $4 for each foot: motor boats of
not over five net tons with fixed engines, $10.
In determining the length of such yachts,
pleasure boats, power boats, motor boats with
fixed engines, and sailing boats, the measure-
menj of over-all length shall govern.
In the case of a tax imposed at the time
of the original purchase of a new boat on any
other date than July 1, and in the case of
the tax taking effect sixty days after the pass-
age of this act. the amount to be paid shall
be the same number of twelfths of the amount
of the tax as the number of calendar months
-(including the month of sale or the month
in which is included the sixty-first day after
the passage of this act. as the case may be)
remaining prior to the following July 1.
If the tax imposed by section 603 of the
revenue act of 1917, for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30. 1919, has been paid in respect
to the use of any boat, the amount so paid
shall under such regulations as the commis-
sioner, with the approval of the secretary.
may prescribe, be credited upon the first tax
due under this section in respect to the use
of such boat, or be refunded to the person
paying the first tax imposed by this section
in respect to the use of such boat.
Sec. 1004. That if the tax imposed by sec-
tion 407 or 408 of the revenue act of 1916,
for the fiscal year ending June 30. 1919, has
been paid by any person subject to the cor-
responding tax imposed by this title, collectors
may issue a receipt in lieu of special tax
stamp for the amount by which the tax under
this title is in excess of that paid or payable
and evidenced by stamp under the revenue
act of 1916. Such receipt shMl be posted as
the case of the special tax stamp, as provided
by law. and with it, within the place of
business of the taxpayer.
If the corresponding tax imnosed by section
407 of the revenue act of 1916 was not pay-
able by stamp, the amount paid under such
section for any period for which a tax is also
imposed by this title may be credited against
the tax imposed by this title.
Sec. 1005. That any person who carries on
any business or occupation for which a spe-
cial tax is imposed by sections 1000, 1001 or
1002, without having paid the special tax
therein provided. shalL besides being liable for
the payment of such special tax. be subject to
a penalty of not more than $1,000 or to
imprisonment for not more than one year,
or both.
Sec. 1006. That section 1 of the act of
congress approved Dec. 17, 1914. is hereby
amended to read as follows:
"Section 1. That on or before July 1 of
each year every person who imports, manufac-
tures, produces, compounds, sells, deals in,
dispenses or gives away opium or coca leaves,
or any compound, manufacture, salt, deriva-
tive or preparation thereof, shall register with
the collector of internal revenue of the district
his name or style, place of business and place
or places where such business is to be carried
on, and pay the special taxes hereinafter
provided;
"Every person who on Jan. 1, 1919, is en-
gaged in any of the activities above enumerat-
ed, or who between such date and the passage
of this act first engages in any of such
activities, shall within 30 days after the pas-
sage of this act make like registration, and
shall pay the proportionate part of the tax
for the period ending June 30, 1919; and
"Every person who first engages in any of
such activities after the passage of this act
shall immediately make like registration and
pay the proportionate part of the tax for the
period ending on the following June 30th;
"Importers, manufacturers, producers, or
compounders, $24 per annum; wholesale deal-
ers, $12 per annum; retail dealers, $6 per
annum; physicians, dentists, veterinary sur-
geons, and other practitioners lawfully entitled
to distribute, dispense, give away or admin-
ister any of the aforesaid drugs to patients
upon whom they in the course of their pro-
fessional practice are in attendance, shall pay
$3 per annum.
"Every person who imports, manufactures,
compounds or otherwise produces for sale
or distribution any of the aforesaid drugs
shall be deemed to be an importer, manufac-
turer or producer.
"Every person who sells or offers for sale
any of said drugs in the original stamped
packages, as hereinafter provided, shall be
deemed a wholesale dealer.
"Every person who sells or dispenses from
original stamped packages, as hereinafter pro-
vided, shall be deemed a retail dealer: Pro-
vided, That the office, or if none, the resi-
dence, of any person shall be considered for
the purpose of this act his place of business;
but no employe of any person who has
registered and paid special tax as herein re-
quired, acting within the scope of his em-
ployment, shall be required to register
and pay special tax provided by this sec-
tion: Provided further, That officials of
the United States, territorial, District of
Columbia, or insular possessions, state
or municipal governments, who in the ex-
ercise of their official duties engage in any of
the businesses herein described, shall not be
required to register, nor pay special tax, nor
stamp the aforesaid drugs as hereinafter pre-
scribed, but their right to this exemption
shall be evidenced in such manner as the
Commissioner of internal revenue, with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury,
may by regulations prescribe.
"It shall be unlawful for any person re-
quired to register under the provisions of this
act to import, manufacture, produce, com-
pound, sell, deal in. dispense, distribute, ad-
minister, or give away any of the aforesaid
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
73
drugs without having- registered and paid the
special tax as imposed by this section.
"That the word 'person' as used in this
act shall be construed to mean and include
a partnership, association, company, or cor-
poration, as well as a natural person; and all
provisions of existing- law relating- to special
taxes, as far as necessary, are hereby ex-
tended and made applicable to this section.
"That there shall be levied, assessed, col-
lected, and paid upon opium, coca leaves, any
compound, salt, derivative, or preparation
thereof, produced in or imported into the
United States, and sold, or removed lor con-
sumption or sale, an internal revenue tax at
the rate of 1 cent per ounce, and any fraction
of an ounce in a package shall be taxed as
an ounce, such tax to be paid by the im-
porter, manufacturer, producer or compounder
thereof, and to be represented by appropriate
stamps, to be provided by the commissioner
of internal revenue, with the approval of the
secretary of the treasury; and the stamps
herein provided shall be so affixed to the bot-
tle or other container as to securely seal the
stopper, covering-, or wrapper thereof.
"The tax imposed by this section shall be
in addition to any import duty imposed on the
aforesaid drugs.
"It shall be unlawful for any person to pur-
chase, sell, dispense, or distribute any of the
aforesaid druars except in the original stamped
package or from the original stamped pack-
age: and the absence of appropriate tax-paid
stamps from any of the aforesaid drugs shall
be prima facie evidence of a violation of this
section by the person in whose possession
same may be found; and the possession of any
original stamped package containing any of
the aforesaid drugs by any person who has not
registered and paid special taxes as required by
this section shall be prima facie evidence of
liability to such special tax: Provided. That
the provisions of this paragraph shall not
apply to any person having in his or her
possession any of the aforesaid drugs which
have been obtained from a registered dealer in
pursuance of a prescription, written for legit-
imate medical uses, issued by a physician,
dentist, veterinary surgeon, or other prac-
titioner registered under this act; and where
the bottle or other container in which such
drug may be put up by the dealer upon said
prescription bears the name and registry num-
ber of the druggist, serial number of pre-
scription, name and address of the pa-
tient, and name. address and registry
number of the person writing said prescrip-
tion: or to the dispensing, or administration,
or giving away of any of the aforesaid drugs
to a patient by a registered physician, dentist,
veterinary surgeon, or other practitioner in
the course of his professional practice, and
where said drugs are dispensed or administered
to the patient for legitimate medical purposes,
and the record kept as required by this act
of the drugs so dispensed, administered, dis-
tributed, or given away.
"And all the provisions of existing laws
relating to the engraving, issuance, sale,
accountability, cancellation, and destruction
of tax-paid stamps provided for in the internal
revenue laws are. in so far as necessary,
hereby extended and made to apply to stamps
provided by this section.
"That all unstamped packages of the afore-
said drugs found in the possession of any
person, except as herein provided, shall be
subject to seizure and forfeiture, and all the
provisions of existing internal revenue laws
relating to searches, seizures, and forfeitures
of unstamped articles are hereby extended to
and made to apply to the articles taxed under
this act and the persons upon whom these
taxes are imposed.
"Importers, manufacturers, and wholesale
dealers shall keep such books and records and
render such monthly returns in relation to
the transactions in the aforesaid drugs as the
commissioner of internal revenue with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury, may
by regulations require.
"The commissioner of internal revenue with
the approval of the secretary of the treasury
shall make all needful rules and regulations
for carrying the provisions of this act into
effect."
Sec. 1007. That section 6 of &-uch act of
Dec. 7. 1914. is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"Sec. 6. That the provisions of this act
shall not be construed to apply to the manu-
facture, sale, distribution, giving away dis-
pensing, or possession of preparations and
remedies which do not contain more than
two grains of opium, or more than one-fourth
| of a grain of morphine, or more than one-
eighth of a grain of heroin, or more than one
grain of codeine, or any salt or derivative of
any of them in one fluid ounce, or, if a solid
or semisolid preparation, in one avoirdupois
ounce: or to liniments, ointments, or other
preparations which are prepared for external
use only, except liniments, ointments, and
other preparations which contain cocaine or
any of its salts or alpha or beta eucaine or
any of their salts or any synthetic substitute
for them: Provided, That such remedies and
preparations are manufactured, sold distrib-
uted, given away, dispensed, or possessed as
medicines and not for the purpose of evading
the intentions and provisions of this act-
Provided further. That any manufacturer,
producer, compounder, or vender (including
dispensing physicians) of the preparations and
remedies mentioned in this section shall keep
a record of all sales, exchanges or gifts of
such preparations and remedies in such man-
ner as the commissioner of internal revenue,
with the approval of the secretary of the
treasury, shall direct. Such record shall be
preserved for a period of two years in such
a way as to be readily accessible to inspec-
tion by any officer, agent or employe of the
treasury department duly authorized for that
purpose, and the state, territorial, district,
municipal, and insular officers named in sec-
tion 5 of this act. and every such person so
possessing or disposing of such preparations
and remedies shall register as required in sec-
tion 1 of this act and, if he is not paying a
tax under this act, he shall pay a special tax
of §1 for each year, or fractional part there-
of, in which he is engaged in such occupation,
to the collector of internal revenue of the
district in which he carries on such occupation
as provided in this act. The provisions of
this act as amended shall not apply to
decocainized coca le?ves or preparations made
therefrom, or to other preparations of coca
leaves which do not contain cocaine."
Sec. 1008. That all opium, its salts, deriv-
atives, and compounds, and coca leaves, salts,
derivatives, and compounds thereof, which may
now be under seizure or which may hereafter
be seized by the United States government
from any person or persons charged with any
violation of the act of Oct. 1, 1890. as
pmend«d by the acts of March 3. 1897. Feb.
9, 1909. and Jan. 17, 1914. or the act of
Dec. 17, 1914, shpll upon conviction of the
person or persons f^om whom spiz°d be confis-
cated by and forfeited to the United States;
and the secretary is hereby authorized to
deliver for mr-dic-il or scientific purposes to any
department, bureau, or other agency of the
United States government, upon proper applica-
tion therefor under such regulation as may
be prescribed by the commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, any of the drugs
74
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
so seized, confiscated, and forfeited to the
United States.
The provisions of this section shall also
apply to any of the aforesaid drills seized or
cominsr into the possession of the 'United States
in the enforcement of any of the above-men-
tioned acts where the owner or owners thereof
are unknown. None of the aforesaid drug's
coming1 into possession of the United States
under the operation of said acts, or the
provisions of this section, shall be destroyed
without certification by a committee appointee
by the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, that they are of no value for
medical or scientific purposes.
Sec. 1009. That the act approved Oct. 2
1914. entitled "An act to increase the internal
revenue, and for other purposes." and the
joint resolution approved Dec. 17, 1915,
entitled "Joint resolution extending- the pro-
visions of the act entitled 'An act to increase
the internal revenue, and for other purposes,
approved Oct. 22. 1914, to Dec. 31. 1916." are
hereby repealed, except that the provisions of
such act shall remain in force for the assess-
ment and collection of all special taxes im
posed by sections 3 and 4 thereof, or by such
sections as extended by such joint resolution,
for any year or part thereof ending1 prior to
Jan. 1. 1917, and of all other taxes imposed
by such act. or by such act as so extended,
accrued prior to Sept. 8, 1916. and for the
imposition and collection of all penalties or
forfeitures which have accnied or may accrue
in relation to any of such taxes.
TITLE XI.— STAMP TAXES.
Sec. 1100. That on and after April 1, 1919,
there shall be levied, collected, and paid, for
and in respect of the several bonds, deben-
tures, or certificates of stock and of indebt-
edness, and other documents, instruments,
matters, and things mentioned and described
in schedule A of this title, or for or in respect
of the vellum, parchment, or paper ,upon which
Buch instruments, matters, or things, or any
of them, are written or printed, by any per-
son who makes, signs, issues, sells, removes,
consigns, or ships the same, or for whose use
or benefit the same are made, signed, issued,
sold, removed, consigned, or shipped, the
several taxes specified in such schedule. The
taxes imposed by this section shall, in the
case of any article upon which a corresponding
stamp tax is now imposed by law, be in lieu
of such tax.
Sec. 1101. That there shall not be taxed
undsr this title any bond, note, or other
instrument, issued ty the United States, or by
any foreign government, or by any state,
territory, or the District of Columbia, or local
subdivision thereof, or municipal or other
corporation exercising the taxing power; or
any bond of indemnity required to be filed
by any person to secure payment of any
pension, allowance, allotment, relief, or insur-
ance by the United States; or stocks and bonds
issued by co-operative building and loan asso-
ciations which are organized and operated
exclusively for the benefit of their members
and make loans only to their shareholders, or
by mutual ditch or irrigating companies.
See. 1102. That whoever—
(a) Makes, signs, issues, or accepts, or
causes to be made, signed, issued, or accepted,
any instrument, document, or paper of any
kind or description whatsoever without the
full amount of tnx thereon being duly paid;
(b) Consigns or ships, or causes to be con-
signed or shipped, by parcel post any parcel,
package, or article without the full amount of
tax beins: duly paid;
(c) Manufactures or imports and sells, or
Bffers for sale, or causes to be manufactured
or imported and sold, or offered for sale, any
playing cards, package, or other article with-
out the full amount of tax being duly paid;
(d) Makes use of any adhesive stamp to
denote any tax imposed by this title without
canceling or obliterating such stamp as pre-
scribed in section 1104;
Is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon con-
viction thereof shall pay a fine of not more
than $100 for each offense.
Sec. 1103. That whoever—
(a) Fraudulently cuts, tears, or removes
from any vellum, parchment, paper, instru-
ment, writing, package, or article, upon which
any tax is imposed by this title, any adhesive
stamp or the impression of any stamp die.
plate, or other article provided, made or used
in pursuance of this title;
(b) Fraudulently uses, joins, fixes, or places
to. with, or upon any vellum, parchment
paper, instrument, writing, package, or article
upon which any tax is imposed by this title!
(1) any adhesive stamp, or the impression of
any stamp, die, plate, or other article, which
has been cut, torn, or removed from any
other vellum, parchment, paper, instrument
writing, package, or article, upon which any
tax is imposed by this title; or (2) any ad-
hesive stamp or the impression of any stamp
die plate, or other article of insufficient
value; or (3) any forged or counterfeit stamp,
or the impression of any forged or counter-
feited stamp die. plate or other article;
(c) Willfully removes, or alters the can-
ellation, or defacing marks of, or otherwise
prepares, any adhesive stamp, with intent to
use, or cause the same to be used, after it
has been already used, or knowingly or will-
fully buys, sells, offers for sale or gives
away, any such washed or restored stamp to
any person for use, or knowingly uses the
/Au',_ Knowingly and without lawful excuse
(the burden of proof of such excuse being on
the accused) has in possession any washed
restored, or altered stamp, which has been
removed from any vellum, parchment, paper,
instrument, writing, package, or article-
.Is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon con-
viction shall be punished by a fine of not more
than $1.000. or by imprisonment for not more
than five years, or both, and any such reused
canceled, or counterfeit stamp and the vellum'
parchment, document, paper, package, or
article upon whlch it is placed or impressed
shall be forfeited to the United States
Sec. 1104. That whenever an adhesive stamp
is used for denoting any tax imposed by this
title, except as hereinafter provided, the per-
son using or affixing the same shall write
or stamp or cause to be written or stamped
thereupon the initials of his or its name and
the date upon which the same is attached or
used, so that the same may not again be
used. Provided. That the commissioner may
prescribe such other method for the cancella-
tion of such stamps as he may deem expedient
Sec. llOo. (a) That the commissioner shall
cause to be prepared and distributed for the
payment of the taxes prescribed in this title
suitable stamps denoting the IPX on the docu-
ment articles, or thing to which the same may
be affixed^ and shall prescribe such method
lor me affixing of said stamps in substitution
for or in addition to the method provided in
this title, as he may deem expedient.
(b) The commissioner, with the approval of
he secretary, is authorized to procure any of
the stamps provided for in this title by con-
ract whenever such stamps cannot be speedily
prepared by the bureau of engraving and print-
^ne\r^i this authority shall expire on Jan.
1. 1920, except as to imprinted stamps fur-
nished under contract, authorized by the
commissioner.
(c) All internal revenue laws relating to
che assessment and collection of taxes are
lereby extended to and made a part of this
title, so far as applicable, for the purpose of
ALMANAC AND rfiAK-BUUK * OK
collecting' stamp taxes omitted through mis-
take or fraud from any instrument, document,
paper, writing', parcel, package, or article
named herein.
Sec. 1106. That the commissioner shall fur-
nish to the postmaster-general without pre-
payment a suitable quantity of adhesive
stamps to be distributed to and kept on sale
by the various postmasters in the United
States. The postmaster-general may require
each such postmaster to give additional or
increased bond as postmaster for the value of
the stamps so furnished, and each such post-
master shall deposit the receipts from the sale
of such stamps to the credit of and render
accounts to the postmaster-general at such
times and in such form as he may by regu-
lations prescribe. The postmaster-general shall
at least once monthly transfer all collections
from this source to the treasury as internal
revenue collections.
Sec. 1107. That the collectors of the sev-
eral districts shall furnish without prepay-
ment to any assistant treasurer or designated
depositary of the United States located in
their respective collection districts a suitable
quantity of adhesive stamps for sale. In such
cases the collector may require a bond, with
sufficient sureties, to an amount equal to the
value of the adhesive stamps so furnished,
conditioned for the faithful return, whenever
39 required, of all quantities or amounts un-
disposed of, and for the payment monthly of
all quantities or amounts sold or not remain-
ing on hand. The secretary may from time
to time make such regulations as he may find
necessary to insure the safekeeping- or prevent
the illegal use of all such adhesive stamps.
Schedule A. — Stamp T.axes.
1. Bonds of indebtedness: On all bonds,
debentures or certificates of indebtedness is-
sued by any person, and all instruments, how-
ever termed, issued by any corporation with
interest coupons or in registered form, known
generally as corporate securities, on each $100
of face value or fraction thereof. 5 'cents:
Provided, That every renewal of the foregoing-
shall be taxed as a new issue: Provided fur-
ther. That when a bond conditioned for the
repayment or payment of money is given in a
penal sum greater than the deb* secured, the
tax shall be based upon the amount secured.
2. Bonds, indemnity and surety: On all
bonds executed for indemnifying any person
who shall have become bound or engaged as
surety, and on all bonds executed for the due
execution or performance of any contract, ob-
ligation or requirement, or the duties of any
office or position, and to account for money
received by virtue thereof, and on all policies
of guaranty and fidelity insurance, including
policies guaranteeing titles to real estate and
mortgage guaranty policies, and on all other
bonds of any description, made, issued or ex-
ecuted, not otherwise provided for in this
schedule, except such as may be required in
legal proceedings, 50 cents: Provided, That
where a premium is charged for the issuance,
execution, renewal or continuance of such
bond the tax shall be 1 cent on each dollar
or fractional part thereof of the premium
charged: Provided further. That policies of
reinsurance shall be exempt from the tax im-
posed by this subdivision.
3. Capital stock, issued: On each original
issue, whether on organization or reorganiza-
tion, of certificates of stock, or of profits, or
of interest in property or accumulations, by
any corporation, on each SI 00 of face value
or fraction thereof, 5 cents: Provided, That
where a certificate is issued without face
value, the tax shall be 5 cents per share, un-
less the actual value is in excess of $100 per
share, in which case the tax shall be 5 cents
on each $100 of actual value or fraction
thereof.
The stamps representing the tax imposed by
this subdivison shall be attached to the stock
books and not to the certificates issued.
4. Capital stock, sales or transfers: On all
sales, or agreements to sell, or memoranda
of sales or deliveries of, or transfers of legal
title to shares or certificates of stock or of
profits or of interest in property or accumu-
lations in any corporation, or to rights to
subscribe for or to receive such shares or
certificates, whether made upon or shown by
the books of the corporation, or by any as-
signment in blank, or by any delivery, or by
any paper or agreement or memorandum or
other evidence of transfer or sale, whether
entitling the holder in any manner to the
benefit of such stock, interest, or rights, or
not, on each $100 of face value or fraction
thereof, 2 cents, and where such shares are
without par or face value, the tax shall- be
2 cents on the transfer or sale or agreement
to sell on each share, unless the actual value
thereof is in excess of $100 per share, in
which case the tax shall be 2 cents on each
$100 of actual value or fraction thereof:
Provided. That it is not intended by this title
to impose a tax upon an agreement evidencing:
a deposit of certificates as collateral security
for money loaned thereon, which certificates
are not actually sold, nor upon the delivery
or transfer for such purpose of certificates so
deposited: Provided further. That the tax shall
not be imposed upon deliveries or transfers to
a broker for sale, nor upon deliveries or
transfers by a broker to a customer for whom
and upon whose order he has purchased same,
but such deliveries or transfers shall be ac-
companied by a certificate setting forth the
facts: Provided further. That in case of sale
where the evidence of transfer is shown only
by the books of the corporation the stamp
shall be placed upon such books; and where
the change of ownership is t>y transfer of the
certificate the stamp shall be placed upon the
certificate; and in cases of an agreement to
sell or where the transfer is by delivery ol
the certificate assigned in blank there shall
be made and delivered by the seller to the
buyer a bill or memorandum of such sale, to
which the stamp shall be affixed; and every
bill or memorandum of sale or agreement to
sell before mentioned shall show the date
thereof, the name of the seller, the amount of
the sale, and tlie matter or thing to which it
refers. Any person liable to pay the tax as
herein provided, or any one who acts in the
matter as agent or broker for such person,
who makes any such sale, or who in pur-
suance of any such sa^ delivers any certifi-
cate or evidence of the sale of any stock,
interest or right, or bill or memorandum there-
of, as herein required, without haying- the
proper stamps affixed thereto with intent to
evade the foregoing provisions, shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon
conviction thereof shall pay a fine of not ex-
ceeding $1,000. or be imprisoned not more
than six months, or both.
5. Produce, sales of. on exchange: Upon
each sale, agreement of sale, or agreement to
sell (not including- so called transferred or
scratch sales), any products or merchandise
at, or under the rules or usage of, any ex-
change, or board of trade, or other similar
place, for future delivery, for each $100 in
value of the merchandise covered by said sale
or agreement of sale or agreement to sell. 2
cents, and for each additional $100 or fraction-
al part thereof in excess of $100. 2 cents:
Provided, That on every sale or agreement of
sale or agreement to sell as aforesaid there
shall be made and delivered by the seller to
the buyer a bill, memorandum, agreement, or
other evidence of such sale, agreement of sale,
or agreement to sell, to which there shall be
affixed a lawful stamp or stamps in value
equal to the amount of the tax on such sale:
Provided further. That sellers of commodities
76
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
described herein, having- paid the tax provided
by this subdivision, may transfer such con-
tracts to a clearing-house corporation or asso-
ciation, and such transfer shall not be deemed
to be a sale, or agreement of sale, or an
agreement to sell within the provisions of
this act, provided that such transfer shall not
vest any beneficfal interest in such clearing--
house association but shall be made for the
sole purpose of enabling- such clearing--house
association to adjust and balance the accounts
of the members of such clearing--house asso-
ciation on their several contracts. Every such
bill, memorandum, or other evidence of sale
or agreement to sell shall show the date
thereof, the -name of the seller, the 'amount
of the sale, and the matter or thing- to which
it refers; and any person liable to pay the tax
as herein provided, or any one who acts in the
matter as ag-ent or broker for such person,
who makes any such sale or agreement of sale,
or agreement to sell, or who, in pursuance of
any such sale, agreement of sale, or agreement
to sell, delivers any such products of mer-
chandise without a bill, memorandum, or
other evidence thereof as herein required, or
who delivers such bill, memorandum, or other
evidence of sale, or agreement to sell, without
Shaving1 the proper. stamps affixed thereto, with
intent to evade the foregoing- provisions, shall
l>e deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon
conviction thereof shall pay a fine of not
exceeding $1,000 or be imprisoned not more
than six months, or both.
No bill, memorandum, agreement, or other
evidence of such sale, or agreement of sale,
or agreement to sell, in case of cash sales of
products or merchandise for immediate or
prompt delivery which in good faith are
actually intended to be delivered shall be
subject to this tax.
6. Drafts or checks (payable otherwise than
at sight or on demand) upon their acceptance
or delivery within the United States whichever
is prior, promissory notes, except bank notes
issued for circulation, and for each renewal
of the same, for a sum not exceeding $100, 2
cents: and for each additional $100. or frac-
tional part thereof, 2 cents.
This subdivision shall not apply to a prom-
issory note secured by the pledge of bonds or
obligations of the United States issued after
April 24, 1917, or secured by the pledge of a
promissory note which itself is secured by the
pledge of such bonds or obligations: Provided,
That in either case the par value of such
bonds or obligations shall be not less than
the amount of such note.
7. Conveyances: Deed, instrument, or writ-
ing, whereby any lands, tenements, or other
realty sold shall be granted, assigned, trans-
ferred, or otherwise conveyed to, or vested in,
the purchaser or purchasers, or any other per-
son or persons, by his, her, or their direction,
when the consideration or value of the interest
or property conveyed, exclusive of the value
of any lien or incumbrance remaining thereon
at the time of sale, exceeds $100 and does not
exceed $500, 50 cents; and for each additional
$500 or fractional part thereof. 50 cents.
This subdivision shall not apply to any instru-
ment or writing given to secure a debt.
8. Entry of any goods, wares, or merchandise
at any custom hov.se, either for consumption
or warehousing, not exceeding $100 in value,
25 cents; exceeding $100 and not exceeding
$500 in value, 50 cents; exceeding $500 in
value, $1.
9. Entry for the withdrawal of any goods
or merchandise from customs bonded ware-
house. 50 cents.
10. Passage ticket, one way or round trip,
for each passenger, sold or issued in the
United States for passage by any vessel to a
port or place not in the United States, Canada
or Mexico, if costing not exceeding $30. $1 ;
costing more than $30 and not exceeding $60,
$3: costing more than $60, $5. This sub-
division shall not apply to passage tickets
costing $10 or less.
11. Proxy for voting at any election for
officers or meeting for the transaction of
business, of any corporation, except religious,
educational, charitable, fraternal, or literary
societies, or public cemeteries, 10 cents.
12. Power of attorney granting authority
to do or perform some act for or in behalf
of the grantor, which authority is not other-
wise vested in the grantee, 25 cents. This
subdivision shall not apply to any papers
necessary to be used for the collection of
claims from the United States or from any
state for pensions, back pay, bounty, or for
property lost in the military or naval service.
or to powers of attorney required in bank-
ruptcy cases.
13. Playing cards: Upon every pack of play-
ing cards containing not more than fifty-four
cards, manufactured or imported, and sold,
or removed for consumption or sale, a tax of
8 cents per pack.
14 Parcel post packages: Upon* every parcel
or package transported from one point in the
United States to another by parcel post on
which the postage amounts to 25 cents or
more, a tax of 1 cent for each 25 cents or
fractional part thereof charged for such trans-
portation, to be paid by the consignor.
No such parcel or package shall be trans-
ported until a stamp or stamps representing
the tax due shall have been affixed thereto.
15. On each policy of insurance, or certif-
icate, binder, covering note, memorandum,
cablegram, letter, or other instrument By what-
ever name called whereby insurance is made or
renewed upon property within the United States
(including rents and profits) against peril by
sea or on inland wa-ters or in transit on land
(including transshipments and storage at ter-
mini or way points) or by fire, lightning, tor-
nado, windstorm, bombardment, invasion, in-
surrection or riot, issued to or for or in the
name of a domestic corporation or partnership
or an, individual resident of the United States
by any foreign corporation or partnership or
any individual not a resident of the United
States, when such policy or other instrument
is not signed or countersigned by an officer
or agent of the insurer in a state, territory.
or district of the United States within which
such insurer is authorized to do business, a
tax of 3 cents on each dollar, or fractional
part thereof of the premium charged: Provided.
That policies of reinsurance shall be exempt
from the tax imposed by this subdivision.
Any person to or for whom or in whose
name any such policy or other instrument is
issued, or any solicitor or broker acting for
or on behalf of such person in the procurement
of any such policy or other instrument, shall
affix the proper stamps to such policy or other
instrument, and for failure to affix such stamps
with intent to evade the tax shall, in addition
to other penalties provided therefor, pay a fine
of double the amount of the tax.
TITLE XII.— TAX ON EMPLOYMENT OF
CHILD LABOR.
Sec. 1200. That every person (other than
a bona fide boys' or girls' canning club rec-
ognized by the agricultural department of a
state and of the United States) operating- (a)
any mine or quarry situated in the United
States in which children under the age of
sixteen years have been employed or permitted
to work during any portion of the taxable
year; or (b) any mill, cannery, workshop, fac-
tory, or manufacturing establishment situated
in the United States in which children under
the age of fourteen years have been employed
or permitted to work, or children between the
ages of fourteen and sixteen have been em-
ployed or permitted to work more than eight
hours in any day or more than six days in
any week, or after the hour of seven o'clock
post meridian, or before the hour of six o'clock
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
77
ante meridian, during- any portion of the tax-
able year, shall pay for each taxable year, in
addition to all other taxes imposed by law, an
excise tax equivalent to 10 per centum of the
entire net profits received or accrued for such
year from the sale or disposition of the prod-
uct of such mine, quarry, mill, cannery, work-
shop, factory, or manufacturing' establishment.
Sec. 1201. That in computing- net profits
under the provisions of this title, for the pur-
pose of the tax there shall be allowed as
deductions from the gross amount received or
accrued for the taxable year from the sale or
disposition of such products manufactured
within the United States the following; items:
(a) The cost of raw materials entering1 into
the production:
(b) Running- expenses, including- rentals, cost
of repairs, and maintenance, heat, power,
insurance, management, and a reasonable
allowance for salaries or other compensations
for personal services actually rendered, and for
depreciation;
(c) Interest paid within the taxable year
on debts or loans contracted to meet the needs
of the business, and the proceeds of which
have been actually used to meet such needs;
(d) Taxes of all kinds paid during- the tax-
able year with respect to the business or
property relating- to the production; and
(e) Losses actually sustained within the
taxable year in connection with the business
of producing- such products, including- losses
from fire, flood, storm, or other casualties,
and npt compensated for by insurance or
otherwise.
Sec. 1202. That if any such person during
any -taxable year or part thereof, whether
under any agreement, arrangement, or under-
standing- or otherwise, sells or disposes of any
product of such mine, quarry, mill, cannery,
workshop, factory, or manufacturing- estab-
lishment at less than the fair market price
obtainable therefor either (a) in such man-
lier as directly or indirectly to benefit such
person or any person directly or indirectly
interested in the business of such person; or
(b) with intent to cause such benefit; the
gross amount received or accrued for such
year or part thereof from the sale or dis-
position of such product shall be taken to be
the amount which would have been received
or accrued from the sale or disposition of
such product if sold at the fair market price.
Sec. 1203. (a) That no person subject to
the provisions of this title shall be liable for
the tax herein imposed if the only employ-
ment or permission to work which but for
this section would subject him to the tax, has
been of a child as to whom such person has
in g-ood faith procured at the time of employ-
ing- such child or permitting; him to work, and
has since in good faith relied upon and kept
on file a certificate, issued in such form, under
such conditions and by such persons as may
be prescribed by a board consisting- of the
secretary, the commissioner, and the secretary
of labor, showing- the child to be of such age
as not to subject such person to the tax im-
posed by this title. Any person who know-
ingly makes a false statement or presents false
evidence in or in relation to any such cer-
tificate or application therefor shall be pun-
ished by a fine of not less than $100, nor
more than SI, 000, or by imprisonment for not
more than three months, or by both such fine
and imprisonment, in the discretion of the
court.
In any state designated by such board an
employment certificate or other similar paper
as to the age of the child, issued under the
laws of that state, and not inconsistent with
the provisions of this title, shall have the
same force and effect as a certificate herein
provided for.
(b) The tax imposed by this title shall not
be imposed in the case of any person who
proves to the satisfaction of the secretary that
the only employment or permission to work
which but for this section would subject him
to the tax, has been of a child employed or
permitted to work under a mistake of fact as
to the age of such child, and without inten-
tion to evade the tax.
Sec. 1204. That on or before the first day
of the third month following the close of each
taxable year, a true and accurate return under
oath shall be made by each person subject to
the provisions of this title to the collector
for the district in which such person has his
principal office or place of business, in such
form as the commissioner, with the approval
of the secretary, shall prescribe, setting- forth
specifically the gross amount of income re-
ceived or accrued during such year from the
sale or disposition of the product of any mine,
quarry, mill, cannery, workshop, factory, or
manufacturing establishment, in which chil-
dren have been employed subjecting him to
the tax imposed by this title, and from the
total thereof deducting the aggregate items of
allowance authorized by this title, and such
other particulars as to the gross receipts and
items of allowance as the commissioner, with
the approval of the secretary, may require. •
Sec. 1205. That all such returns shall be ,
transmitted forthwith by the collector to the
commissioner, who shall, as soon as practi-
cable, assess the tax found due and notify the
person making- such return of the amount of
tax for which such person is liable, and such
person shall pay the tax to the collector on or
befpre thirty days from the date of such
notice.
Sec. 1206. That for the purposes of this
act the commissioner, or any other person duly
authorized by him, shall have authority to
enter and inspect at any time any mine, quarry,
mill, cannery, workshop, factory, or manufac-
turing1 establishment. The secretary of labor,
or any person duly authorized by him, shall,
for the purpose of complying- with a request
of the commissioner to make such an inspec-
tion, have like authority, and shall make report
to the commissioner of inspections made under
such authority in such form as may be
prescribed by the commissioner with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury.
Any person who refuses or obstructs entry
or inspection authorized by this section shall
be punished by a fine of not more than SI, 000,
or by imprisonment for not more than one
year, or both such fine and imprisonment.
Sec. 1207. That as used in this title the
term "taxable year" shall have the same mean-
ing- as provided for the purposes of income
tax in section 200. The first taxable year for
the purposes of this title shall be the period
between sixty days after the passage of this
act and Dec. 31. 1919, both inclusive, or such
portion of such period as is included within
the fiscal year (as defined in section 200) of
the taxpayer.
TITLE XIII.— GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE
PROVISIONS.
Sec. 1300. That hereafter the salary of the
cpmmissioner shall be §10,000 a year. The
difference between the amount appropriated
under existing- law and the salary herein
established shall, for the period between the
passage of this act and July 1, 1919, be paid
out of the appropriations for collecting1 in-
ternal revenue.
Sec. 1301. (a) That hereafter there may be
employed in the bureau of internal revenue,
in lieu of the deputy commissioners whose
salaries are now fixed by law, five deputy
commissioners and an assistant to the commis-
sioner, who shall each receive a salary of
$5,000 a year, payable monthly. The assist-
ant to the commissioner may be authorized
by the commissioner to perform any duties
which the deputy commissioners may perform
under existing- law.
78
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
(b) The salaries of collectors may be re-
adjusted and increased under such regulations
as may be prescribed by the commissioner
subject to the approval of the secretary, but
no collector shall receive a salary in excess
of $6,000 a year.
(c) There is hereby appropriated, out of
any money in the treasury not otherwise ap-
propriated, for the fiscal year ending- June 30,
1919, the sum of $7,500.000 for the expenses
of assessing- and collecting- the internal revenue
taxes as provided in this act. including the
employment of necessary officers, attorneys,
experts, ag-ents, inspectors, deputy collectors,
clerks, janitors, and messeng-ers. in the Dis-
trict of Columbia and the several collection
districts, to be appointed as provided by law,
telegraph and telephone service, rental and re-
pair of quarters, postage, and the purchase
of such supplies, equipment, furniture, me-
chanical devices, printing-, stationery, law
books and books of reference, not to exceed
$500 for street car fares in the District of
Columbia, and such other articles as may be
necessary for use in the District of Columbia
and the several collection districts: Provided
That not more than $2,750.000 of the total
amount appropriated by this section may be
expended in the bureau of internal revenue,
in the District of Columbia.
(d) 1. There is hereby created a board to
be known as the "advisory tax board." here-
inafter called the board, and to be composed
of not to exceed six members to be appointed
by the commissioner with the approval of the
secretary. The board shall cease to exist at
the expiration of two years after the passage
of this act, or at such earlier time as the
commissioner with the approval of the sec-
retary may designate.
Vacancies in the membership of the board
shall be filled in the same manner as an origi-
nal appointment. Any member, shall be sub-
ject to removal by the commissioner with the
approval of the secretary. The commissioner
with the approval of the secretary shall desig-
nate the chairman of the board. Each mem-
ber shall receive an annual salary of $9.000,
payable monthly, together with actual neces-
sary expenses when absent from the District
of Columbia on official business.
(2) The commissioner may, and on the re-
quest of any taxpayer directly interested shall,
submit to the board any question relating to
the interpretation or administration of the in-
come war-profits or excess-profits tax laws,
and the board shall report its . findings and
recommendations to the commissioner.
(3) The board shall have its office in the
bureau of internal revenue in the District of
Columbia. The expenses and salaries of mem-
bers of the board shall be audited, allowed,
and paid out of appropriations for collecting
internal revenue, in the same manner as ex-
penses and salaries of employes of the bureau
of internal revenue are audited, allowed, and
paid.
(4) The board shall have the power to sum-
mon witnesses, take testimony, administer
oaths, and to require any person to produce
books, papers, documents, or other data re-
lating to any matter under investigation by
the board. Any member of the board may
sign subpoenas and members and employes
of the bureau of internal revenue designated
to assist the board, when authorized by the
board, may administer oaths, examine wit-
nesses, take testimony and receive evidence.
Sec. 1302. That all internal revenue agents
and inspectors shall be granted leave of ab-
sence with pay. which shall not be cumulative,
not to exceed thirty days in any calendar year,
under such regulations as the commissioner,
with the approval of the secretary, may pre-
Sec. 1303. (a) That there is hereby created
a legislative drafting1 service under the direc-
tion of two draftsmen, one of whom shall be
appointed by the president of the senate, and
one by the speaker of the house of represent-
atives, without reference to political affiliations
and solely on the ground of fitness to perform
the duties of the office. Each draftsman shall
receive a salary of $5.000 a year, payable
monthly. The draftsmen shall, subject to the
approval of the president of the senate and
the speaker of the house of representatives,
employ and fix the compensation of such
assistant draftsmen, clerks and other em-
ployes, and purchase such furniture, office
equipment, books, stationery and other sup-
plies as may be necessary for the proper
performance of the duties of the service and
as may be appropriated for by congress.
(b) The drafting service shall aid in draft-
ing- public bills and resolutions or amend-
ments thereto on the request of any committee
of either house of congress, but the library
committee of the senate und the library com-
mittee of the house of representatives, respec-
tively, may determine the preference, if any. to
be given to such requests of the committees of
either house, respectively. The draftsmen
shall, from time to time, prescribe rules and
regulations for the conduct of the work of the
service for the committees of each house,
subject to the approval of the library commit-
tee of each house, respectively.
(c) For the remainder of the current fiscal
year there is hereby appropriated, out of any
money in the treasury not otherwise appro-
priated, the sum of $25.000, or so much
thereof as may be necessary, for the purpose
of defraying the expenses of the establish-
ment and maintenance of the service, includ-
ing the payment of salaries herein authorized.
One-half of all appropriations for the service
shall be disbursed by the secretary of the
senate and one-half by the clerk of the house
of representatives.
Sec. 1304. That there shall be levied, col-
lected and paid in the United States upon
articles coming into the United States from
the Virgin islands a tax equal to the internal
revenue tax imposed in the United States upon
like articles of domestic manufacture; such
articles shipped from such islands to the
United States shall be exempt from the pay-
ment of any tax imposed by the internal
revenue laws of such islands: Provided, That
there shall be levied, collected and paid in
such islands, upon articles imported from the
United States, a tax equal to the internal
revenue tax imposed in such islands upon like
articles there manufactured; and such articles
going into such islands from the United States
shall be exempt from payment of any tax
imposed by the internal revenue laws of* the
United States.
Sec. 1305. That all administrative, special
or stamp provisions of law, including the law
relating to the assessment of taxes, so far as
applicable, are hereby extended to and made
a part of this act, and every person liable to
any tax imposed by this act, or for the col-
lection thereof, shall keep such records and
render, under oath, such statements and re-
turns, and shall comply with such regulations
?s the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, may from time to time prescribe.
Whenever in the judgment of the com-
missioner necessary he may require any per-
son, by notice served upon him. to make a
return or such statements as he deems suffi-
cient to show whether or not such person is
liable to tax.
The commissioner, for the purpose of ascer-
taining the correctness of any return or for
the purpose of making a return where none
has been made, is hereby authorized, by any
revenue agent or inspector designated by him
for that purpose, to examine any books, papers,
records or memoranda bearing upon the mat-
ters required to be included in the return, and
may require the attendance of the person
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
rendering: the return or of any officer or em-
ploye of such person, or the attendance of
any other person having- knowledg-e in the
premises, and may take his testimony with
reference to the matter required by law to be
included in such return, with power to ad-
minister oaths to such person or persons.
Sec. 1306. That where floor taxes are im-
posed by this act in respect to articles or com-
modities, in respect to which the tax im-
posed by existing- law has been paid, the per-
son required by this act to pay the tax shall,
within thirty days after its passag-e. make
return under oath in such form and under
such reg-ulations as the commissioner, with
the approval of the secretary, shall prescribe.
Payment of the tax shown 19 be due may be
extended to a date not exceeding- seven months
from the passage of this act, upon the filing-
of a bond for payment in such form and
amount and with such sureties as the com-
missioner, with the approval of the secretary,
may prescribe.
Sec. 1307. That in all cases where the
method of collecting- the tax imposed by this
act is not specifically provided in this act, the
tax shall be collected in such manner as the
commissioner, with the approval of the sec-
retary, may prescribe. All administrative and
penalty provisions of Title XI. of this act,
in so far as applicable, shall apply to the
collection of any tax which the commissioner
determines or prescribes shall be paid by
stamp.
Sec. 1308. (a) That any person required un-
der Titles V., VI.. VII.. VIII., IX.. X. or XII
to pay, or to collect, account for and pay over
any tax. or required by law or reg-ulations
made under authority thereof to make a re-
turn or supply any information for the pur-
poses of the computation, assessment or col-
lection of any such tax. who fails to pay,
collect or truly account for and pay over any
such tax. make any such return or supply
any such information at the time or times re-
quired by law or reg-ulation shall in addition
to other penalties provided by law be subject
to a penalty of not more than SI. 000.
(b) Any person who willfully refuses to
pay. collect or truly account for and pay over
any such tax, make such return or supply
such information at the time or times required
by law or regulation, or who willfully attempts
in any manner to evade such tax shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor and in addition to
other penalties provided by law shall be fined
not more than $10.000 or imprisoned for not
more than one year, or both, tog-ether with
the costs of prosecution.
(c) Any person who willfully refuses to
pay. collect or truly account for and pay
over any such tax shall in addition to other
penalties provided by law be liable to a pen-
alty of the amount of the tax evaded, or not
paid, collected or accounted for and paid
over, to be assessed and collected in the same
manner as taxes are assessed and collected:
Provided, however. That no penalty shall be
assessed under this subdivision for any offense
for which a penalty may be assessed under
authority of section 3176 of the revised stat-
utes, as amended, or of section 605 or 620 of
this act, or for any offense for which a pen-
alty has been recovered under section 3256 of
the revised statutes.
(d) The term "person" as used in this sec-
tion includes an officer or employe of a cor-
poration or a member or employe of a part-
nership, who as such officer, employe or mem-
ber is under a duty to perform the act in
respect of which the violation occurs.
Sec. 1309. That the commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, is hereby authorized
to make all needful rules and reg-ulations for
the enforcement of the provisions of this act.
The commissioner with such approval may
by reg-ulation provide that any return required
by Titles V.. VI.. VII.. VIII.. IX. or X. to
be under oath may. if the amount of the tax
covered thereby is not in excess of $10. be
sig-ned or acknowledg-ed before two witnesses
instead of under oath.
Sec. 1310. (a) That in the case of any
overpayment or overcollection of any tax im-
posed by section 628 or 630 or by Title V
Title VIH. or Title IX., the person making
such overpayment or overcollection may take
credit therefor against taxes due upon any
monthly return, and shall make refund of any
excessive amount collected by him upon proper
application by the person entitled thereto.
(b) Wherever in this act a tax is required
to be paid by the purchaser to the vendor at
the time of a sale, and such sale is made on
credit, then, under reg-ulations prescribed by
the commissioner, with the approval of the
secretary, the tax may. at the option of the
vendor, be returned and paid by him to the
United States as if paid to him by the pur-
chaser at the time of the sale, and in such
case the vendor shall have a right of action
in any court of competent jurisdiction against
the purchaser for the amount of the tax BO
returned and paid to the United States.
(c) Under such rules and regulations as the
commissioner with the approval of the secre-
tary may prescribe, the taxes imposed under
the provisions of Titles VI.. VII. or IX. shall
not apply in respect to articles sold or leased
for export and in due course so exported.
Under such rules and reg-ulations the amount
of any internal revenue tax erroneously or il-
legally collected in respect to exported articles
may be refunded to the exporter of the article,
instead of to the manufacturer, if the manu-
facturer waives any claim for the amount so
to be refunded.
Sec. 1311. That where the rate of tax im-
posed by this act, payable by stamps, is an
increase over previously existing- rates, stamps
on hand in the collectors' offices and in the
bureau of internal revenue may continue to
be used until the supply on hand is exhausted,
but shall be sold and accounted for at the
rates provided by this act, and assessment
shall be made ag-ainst manufacturers and other
taxpayers having such stamps on hand on the
day this act takes effect for the difference be-
tween the amount paid for such stamps and
the tax due at the rates provided by this act.
Sec. 1312. (1) That (a) if any person haa
prior to May 9. 1917. made a bona fide con-
tract with a dealer for the sale or lease, after
the tax takes effect, of any article in respect
to which a tax is imposed under Title VI..
VII. or IX.. or under subdivision 13 of sched-
ule A of Title XI.. or under this subdivision,
and (b) if such contract does not permit the
adding of the whole of siich tax to the
amount to be paid under such contract, then
the vendee or lessee shall, in lieu Of the
vendor or lessor, pay so much of such tax as
is not so permitted to be added to the con-
tract price. If a contract of the character
above described was made with any person
other than a dealer, the tax collected -under
this act shall be the tax in force on May 9.
1917.
(2) If (a) any person has prior to Sept. 3,
1918. made a bona fide contract with a dealer
for the sale or lease, after the tax takes ef-
fect, of any article in respect to which a tax
is imposed under Title VI.. VII. or IX.. or
under subdivision 13 of schedule A of Title
XI.. or under this subdivision, and in respect
to which no corresponding- tax was imposed
by the revenue act of 1917. and (b) such
contract does not permit the adding1, to the
amount to be paid under such contract, of the
whole of the tax imposed by this act, then
the vendee or lessee shall, in lieu of the vendor
or lessor, pay so much of the tax imposed by
this act as is not so permitted to be added
to the contract price. If a contract of the
character above described was made with any
80
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
person other than a dealer, no tax shall be
collected under this act.
(3) If (a) any person has prior to Sept. 3,
1918, made a bona fide contract with a dealer
for the sale or lease, after the tax takes effect,
of any article in respect to which a tax is
imposed under Title VI., VII. or IX.. or under
subdivision 13 of schedule A of Title XI., or
under this subdivision, and in respect to which
a corresponding1 tax was imposed by the
revenue act of 1917, and (b) such contract
does not permit the adding-, to the amount
to be paid under such contract, of the whole
of the difference between such tax and the
corresponding- tax imposed by the revenue act
of 1917, then the vendee or lessee shall, in
lieu of the vendor or lessor, pay so much of
such difference as is not so permitted to be
added to the contract price. If a contract of
the character above described was made with
any person other than a dealer, the tax collect-
ed under this act shall be the tax in force on
Sept. 3, 1918.
(4) The taxes payable by the vendee or
lessee under this section shall be paid to the
vendor or lessor at the time the sale or lease
is consummated, and collected, returned and
paid to the United States by such vendor or
lessor in the same manner as provided in sec-
tion 502.
(5) The term "dealer" as used in this sec-
tion includes a vendee who purchases any
article with intent to use it in the manufac-
ture or production of another article intended
for sale.
(6) This section shall not apply to any tax
imposed by section 906.
Sec. 1313. That in the payment of any tax
under this act not payable by stamp a frac-
tional part of a cent shall be disregarded un-
less it amounts to one-half cent or more, in
which case it shall be increased to 1 cent.
Sec. 1814. That collectors may receive, at
par with an adjustment for accrued interest,
certificates of indebtedness issued by the
United States and uncertified checks in pay-
ment of income, war-profits and excess-profits
taxes and any other taxes payable other than
by stamp, during1 such time and under such
regulations as the commissioner, with the
approval of the secretary, shall prescribe; but
if a check so received is not paid by the bank
on which it is drawn the person by whom such
check has been tendered shall remain liable
for the payment of the tax and for all legal
penalties and additions the same as if such
check had not been tendered.
Sec. 1315. That section 3315 of the revised
statutes, as amended, is hereby amended to
Tead as follows:
"Sec. 3315. The commissioner of internal
revenue may, under regulations prescribed by
him with the approval of the secretary of the
treasury, issue stamps for rest am ping- pack-
ages of distilled spirits, tobacco, cigars, snuff,
cigarettes, fermented liquors and wines which
have been duly stamped but from which the
stamps have been lost or destroyed by un-
avoidable accident."
Sec. 1316. (a) That section 3220 of the re-
vised statutes is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"Sec. 3220. The commissioner of internal
revenue, subject to regulations prescribed by
the secretary of the treasury, is authorized to
remit, refund and pay back all taxes erro-
neously or illegally assessed or collected, all
penalties collected without authority, and all
taxes that appear to be unjustly assessed or
excessive in amount, or in any manner wrong-
fully collected; also to repay to any collector
or deputy collector the full amount of such
sums of money as may be recovered against
him in any court, for any internal revenue
taxes collected by' him, with the cost and ex-
penses of suit; also all damages and costs re-
covered against any assessor, assistant as-
sessor, collector, deputy collector, ag-ent or
inspector, in any suit brought against him by
reason of anything done in the due perform-
ance of his official duty, and shall make report
to congress at the beginning of each regular
session of congress of all transactions under
this section."
(b) Section 3225 of the revised statutes of
the United States is hereby amended to read
as follows;
"Sec. 3225. When a second assessment is
made in case of any list, statement or return
which in the opinion of the collector or depu-
ty collector was false or fraudulent, or con-
tained any understatement or undervaluation,
such assessment shall not be remitted, nor
shall taxes collected under such assessment be
refunded, or paid back, or recovered by any
suit, unless it is proved that such list, state-
ment or return was not willfully false or
fraudulent and did not contain any willful
understatement or undervaluation."
(c) That the paragraph of section 3689 of
the revised statutes, as amended, reading as
follows: "Refunding taxes illegally collected
(internal revenue) : To refund and pay back
duties erroneously or illegally assessed or col-
lected under the internal revenue laws," is re-
pealed from and after June 30, 1920; and the
secretary of the treasury shall submit for the
fiscal year 1921, and annually thereafter, an
estimate of appropriations to refund and pay
back duties or taxes erroneously or illegally
assessed or collected under the internal reve-
nue laws, and to pay judgments, including-
interest and costs, rendered for taxes or pen-
alties erroneously or illegally assessed or col-
lected under the internal revenue laws.
Sec. 1317. That sections 3164, 3165, 3167,
3172, 3173 and 3176 of the revised statutes
as amended are hereby amended to read as
follows:
"Sec. 3164. It shall be the duty of every
collector of internal revenue having knowl-
edge of any willful violation of any law of
the United States relating to the revenue,
within thirty days after coming- into posses-
sion of such knowledge, to file with the dis-
trict attorney of the district in which any
fine, penalty or forfeiture may be incurred a
statement of all the facts and circumstances
of the case within his knowledge, together
with the names of the witnesses, setting forth,
the provisions of law believed to be so violat-
ed on which reliance may be had for con-
demnation or conviction.
"Sec. 3165. Every collector, deputy collector,
internal revenue ag-ent and internal revenue
officer assigned to duty under an internal reve-
nue agent is authorized to administer oaths
and to take evidence touching any part of the
administration of the internal revenue laws
with which he is charged, or where such
oaths and evidence are authorized by law or
regulation authorized by law to be taken.
"Sec. 3167. It shall be unlawful for any
collector, deputy collector, agent, clerk or
other officer or employe of the United States
to divulge or to make known in any manner
whatever not provided by law to any person
the operations, style of work or apparatus of
any manufacturer or producer visited by him
in the discharge of his official duties, or the
amount or source of income, profits, losses,
expenditures, or any particular, thereof, set
forth or disclosed in any income 'return, or to
permit any income rr'urn or copy thereof or
any book containing any abstract or particu-
lars thereof to be seen or examined by any
person except as provided by law; and it shall
be unlawful for any person to print or pub-
lish in any manner whatever not provided by
law any income return, or any part thereof
or source of income, profits, losses or ex-
penditures appearing- in any income return;
and any offense against the foregoing pro-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
81
vision shall be a misdemeanor and be pun-
ished by a fine not exceeding- $1,000 or by
imprisonment not exceeding- one year, or both,
at the discretion of the court; and if the of-
fender be an officer or employe of the United
States he shall be dismissed from office or
discharg-ed from employment.
"Sec. 3172. Every collector shall, from time
to time, cause his deputies to proceed through
every part of his district and inquire after
and concerning- all persons therein who are
liable to pay any internal revenue tax, and
all persons owning or having the care and
management of any objects liable to pay any
tax. and to make a list of such persons and
enumerate said objects.
"Sec. 3173. It shall be the duty of any per-
son, partnership, firm, association or corpora-
tion made liable to any duty, special tax or
other tax imposed by law, when not other-
wise provided for. (1) in case of a special
tax. on or before the 31st day of July
in each year, and (2) in other cases before
the day on which the taxes accrue, to make
a list or return, verified by oath, to the col-
lector or a deputy collector of the district
where located, of the articles or objects, in-
cluding- the quantity of goods, wares and
merchandise, made or sold and charged witn
a tax, the several rates and aggregate amount,
according- to the forms and regulations to be
prescribed by the commissioner of internal
revenue, with the approval of the secretary
of the treasury, for which such person, part-
nership, firm, association or corporation is
liable: Provided, That if any person liable
to pay any duty or tax, or owning, possess-
ing- or having1 the care or management of prop-
erty, goods, wares and merchandise articles
or objects liable to pay any duty, tax or li-
cense, shall fail to make and exhibit a list or
return required by law, but shall consent to
disclose the particulars of any and all the
property, goods, wares and merchandise, arti-
cles or objects liable to pay any duty or
tax. or any business or occupation liable to
pay any tax as aforesaid, then, and in that
case, it shall be the duty of the collector or
deputy collector to make such list or return,
which, being distinctly read, consented to and
signed and verified by oath by the person so
owning, possessing or having the care and
management as aforesaid, may be received as
the list of such person: Provided further,
That in case no annual list or return has
been rendered by such person to the collector
or deputy collector as required by law, and
the person shall be absent from his or her
residence or place of business at the time the
collector or a deputy collector shall call for
the annual list or return, it shall be the duty
of such collector or deputy collector to leave
at such place of residence or business, with
some one of suitable age and discretion, if
such be present, otherwise to deposit in the
nearest postoffice, a note or memorandum
addressed to such person, requiring him or her
to render to such collector or deputy collector
the list or return required by law within ten
days from the date of such note or memoran-
dum, verified by oath. And if any person,
on being notified or required as aforesaid,
shall refuse or neglect to render such list or
return within the time required as aforesaid,
or whenever any person who is required to de-
liver a monthly or other return of objects
subject to tax fails to do so at the time re-
quired, or delivers any return which, in the
opinion of the collector, is erroneous, false
or fraudulent, or contains any undervaluation
or understatement, or refuses to allow any
regularly authorized government officer to ex-
amine the books of such person, firm or cor-
poration, it shall be lawful for the collector
to summon such person, or any other person
having possession, custody or care of books
of account containing entries relating to the
business of such person or any other person
he may deem proper, to appear before him
and produce such books at a time and place
named in the summons, and to give testimony
or answer interrogatories, under oath, re-
specting any objects or income liable to tax
or the returns thereof. The collector may
summon any pers9n residing or found within
the state or territory in which his district
lies; and when the person intended to be sum-
moned does not reside and cannot be found
within such state or territory, he may enter
any collection district where such person may
be found and there make the examination
herein authorized. And to this end he may
there exercise an the authority which he
might lawfully exercise in the district for
which he was commissioned: Provided, That
'person,* as used in this section, shall be con-
strued to include any corporation, joint stock
company or association, or insurance company
when such construction is necessary to carry
out its provisions.
"Sec. 3176. If any person, corporation,
company or association fails to make and
file a return or list at the time prescribed by
law or by regulation made under authority of
law. or makes, willfully or otherwise, a false
or fraudulent return or list, the collector or
deputy collector shall make the return or list
from his own knowledge and from such in-
formation as he can obtain through testimony
or otherwise. In any such case the com-
missioner may. from his own knowledge and
from such information as he can obtain
through testimony or otherwise, make a return
or amend any return made by a collector or
deputy collector. Any return or list so made
and subscribed by the commissioner, or by a
collector or deputy collector and approved by
the commissioner, shall be prima facie grood
and sufficient for all legal purposes.
"If the failure to file a return or list is due
to sickness or absence, the collector may allow
such further time, not exceeding thirty days,
for making and filing the return or list as he
deems proper.
"The commissioner of internal revenue shall
determine and assess all taxes, other than
stamp taxes, as to which returns or lists are so
made under the provisions of this section. In
case of any failure to make and file a return
or list within the time prescribed by law, or
prescribed by the commissioner of internal
revenue or the collector in pursuance of law.
the commissioner of internal revenue shall add
to the tax 25 per centum of its amount, except
that when a return is filed after such time
and it is shown that the failure to file it was
due to a reasonable cause and not to willful
neglect, no such addition shall be made to the
tax. In case a false or fraudulent return or
list is willfully made, the commissioner of
internal revenue shall add to the tax 50 per
centum of its amount.
"The amount so added to any tax shall be
collected at the same time and in the same
manner and as part of the tax unless the tax
has been paid before the discovery of the
neglect, falsity or fraud, in which case the
amount so added shall be collected in the
same manner as the tax."
Sec. 1318. That if any person is summoned
under this act to appear, to testify or to
produce books, papers or other data, the
District court of the United States for the
district in which such person resides shall
have jurisdiction by appropriate process to
compel such attendance, testimony or produc-
tion of books, papers, or other data.
The District courts of the United States at
the instance of the United States are hereby
invested with such jurisdiction to make and
issue, both in actions at law and suits in
equity, writs and orders of injunction, and of
ne exeat republica. orders appointing receivers.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
and such other orders and process, and to ren-
der such judgments and decrees, granting in
proper cases both legal and' equitable relief
together, as may be necessary or appropriate
for the enforcement of the provisions of this
act. The remedies hereby provided are in ad-
dition to and not exclusive of any and all
other remedies of the United States in such
courts or otherwise to enforce such provisions.
Sec. 1319. That whoever in connection with
the sale or lease, or offer for sale or lease,
of any article, or for the purpose of making
euch sale or lease, makes any statement, written
or oral. (1) intended or calculated to lead any
person to believe that any part of the price
at which such article is sold or leased, or
offered for sale or lease, consists of a tax im-
posed under the authority of the United States.
or (2) ascribing- a particular part of such
price to a tax imposed under the authority of
the United States, knowing that such statement
is false or that the tax is not so great as the
portion of such price ascribed to such tax.
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon
conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine
of not more than $1,000 op by imprisonment
not exceeding: one year, or both.
Sec. 1320. That wherever by the laws of
the United States or regulations made pur-
suant thereto, any person is required to fur-
nish any recognizance, stipulation, bond, guar-
anty or undertaking, hereinafter called "penal
bond," with surely or sureties, such person
may. in lieu of such surety or sureties, de-
posit as security with the official having au-
thority to approve such penal bond. United
§ tales liberty bonds or other bonds of the United
tales in a sum equal at their par value to
the amount of such penal bond required to be
furnished, together with an agreement author-
izing such official to collect or sell such bonds
so deposited in case of any default in the per-
formance ef any of the conditions or stipu-
lations of such penal bond. The acceptance of
such United States bonds in lieu of surety or
sureties required by law shall have the same
force and effect as individual or corporate
sureties, or certified checks, bank drafts, post-
office money orders, or cash, for the penalty
or amount of such penal bond. The bonds de-
posited hereunder. and such other United
States bonds as may be substituted therefor
from time to time as such security, may be
deposited with the treasurer or an assistant
treasurer of the United States, a government
depository, federal reserve bank or memoer
bank, which shall issue receipt therefor, de-
scribing such bonds so deposited. As soon as
security for the performance of such penal
bond is no longer necessary. such bonds so
deposited shall be returned to the depositor:
Provided, That in case a person or persons
supplying a contractor with labor or material
as provided by the act of congress, approved
Feb. 24. 1905 (33 Slat.. 811). entitled "An
act to amend an act approved Aug. 13. 1894,
entitled 'An act for the proteclion of persons
furnishing materials and labor for the C9n-
struction of public works,' " shall file with
the obligee, at any time after a default in
the performance of any contract subject to
said acts, the application and affidavit therein
provided, the obligee shall not deliver to the
obligor the deposited bonds nor any surplus
proceeds thereof until the expiration pf the
time limited by said acts for the institution
of suit by such person or persons, and. in case
suit shall be instituted within such time, shall
hold said bonds or proceeds subject to the
order of the court having jurisdiction thereof:
Provided further, That nothing- herein con-
tained shall affect or impair the priority of
the claim of the United States against the
bonds deposited or any right or remedy grant-
ed by said acts or by this ssction to the United
States for default upon any obligation of said
penal bond: Provided further, That all laws
inconsistent with this section are hereby so
modified as to conform to the provisions
hereof: And provided further. That nothing
contained herein shall affect the authorily of
courts over the security, where such bonds are
taken as security in judicial proceedings, or
the authority of any administralive officer of
the United Stales to receive United Stales
bonds for securily in cases aulhorized by
exisling laws. The secretary may prescribe
rules and regulations necessary and proper
for carrying this section into effect.
TITLE XIV.— GENERAL PROVISIONS.
Sec. 1400. (a) That the following parts
of acts are hereby repealed, subject to the
limitations provided in subdivision (b) :
(1) The following- titles of the revenue act
of 1916:
Title I. (called "Income Tax") :
Title II. (called "Estate Tax") :
Title III. (called "Munitions Manufacturers'
Tax"), as amended;
Title IV. (called "Miscellaneous Taxes").
(2) The following parts of the act entitled
"An act to provide increased revenue to defray
the expenses of the increased appropriations
for the army and navy and the extensions of
fortifications, and for other purposes." ap-
proved March 3. 1917:
Title III. (called "Estate Tax") :
Section 402 (called "Returns of Dividends").
(3) The following titles of the revenue act
of 1917:
Title I. (called "War Income Tax") ;
Title II. (called "War -Excess-Profits Tax"):
Title III. (called "War Tax on Beverages") :
Title IV. (called "War Tax on Cigars. Tobac-
co and Manufactures Thereof") :
Title V. (called "War Tax on Facilities
Furnished by Public Utilities, and Insurance") :
Title VI. (called "War Excise Taxes") :
Title VII. (called "War Tax on Admissions
and Dues") ;
Title VIII. (called "War Stamp Taxes") ;
Title IX. (called "War Estate Tax") :
Title X. (called "Administrative Provi-
sions") :
Title XII. (called "Income-Tax Amend-
ments").
(b) Such parts of acts shall remain in
force for the assessment and colection of all
taxes which have accrued thereunder, and for
the imposition and collection of all penalties
or forfeilures which have accrued and may
accrue in relalion to any such taxes, and
except that the unexpended balance of any
appropriation heretofore made and now avail-
able for the administration of any such part
of an act shall be available for the administra-
tion of this act or the corresponding provision
thereof: Provided, That, except as otherwise
provided in this act. no taxes shall be collected
under Title I. of the revenue act of 1916 as
amended by the revenue act of 1917. or
Title I. or II. of the revenue act of 1917.
in respect to any period after Dec.
31. 1917: Provided further. That the as-
sessment and collection of all estate taxes,
and the imposition and collection of all penal-
ties or forfeitures, which have accrued under
Title II. of the revenue act of 1916 as
amended by the act entitled "An act to provide
increased revenue to defray the expenses of
the increased appropriations for the army and
navy and the extensions of fortificalions, and
for other purposes," approved March 3. 1917.
or Title IX. of the revenue act of 1917. shall
be according to Ihe provisions of Tille IV. of
this act. In Ihe case of any tax imposed by
any part of an act herein repealed, if there is
a tax imppsed by this act in lieu thereof, the
provision imposing such tax shall remain in
force until the corresponding- lax under Ihis
act takes effect under the provisions of this act.
Title I. of the revenue act of 1916 as
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
83
amended by the revenue act of 1917 shall re
main in force for the assessment and collec-
tion of the income tax in Porto Rico and the
Philippine islands, except as may be other-
wise provided by their respective legislatures.
Sec. 1401. That section 1100 of the revenue
act of 1917 is hereby repealed, to take effect
on July 1. 1919, and thereafter the rate of
postage on all mail matter of the first class
shall be the same as the rate in force on Oct.
2, 1917: Provided, That letters written and
mailed by soldiers, sailors, and marines as-
signed to duty in a foreign country engaged
in the present war may be mailed free of
postage, subject to such rules and regulations
as may be prescribed by the postmaster-gen-
eral.
Section 1107 of such act, is hereby re-
pealed, to take effect July 11, 1919.
Sec. 1402. That if any clause, sentence,
paragraph, or part of this act shall, for any
reason be adjudged by any court of competent
jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall
not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder
of this act, but shall be confined in its opera-
tion to the clause, sentence, paragraph, or
.part thereof directly involved in the contro-
versy in which such judgment has been ren-
dered.
Sec. 1403. That the revenue act of 1916 is
hereby amended by adding at the end thereof
a section to read as follows:
"Sec. 903. That this act may be cited as
the 'revenue act of 1916.' "
Sec. 1404. That the revenue act of 1917 is
hereby amended by adding at the end thereof
a section to read as follows:
"Sec. 1303. That this act may be cited as
the 'revenue act of 1917.' "
Sec. 1405. That this act may be cited as
the "revenue act of 1918."
Sec. 1406. That all persons serving in the
military or naval forces of the United States
during the present war who have, since April
6. 1917, resigned or been discharged under
honorable conditions (or, in the case of re-
servists, been placed on inactive duty), or
who at any time hereafter (but not later than
the termination of the current enlistment or
term of service) in the case of the enlisted
personnel and female nurses, or within one
year after the termination of the present war
in the case of officers, may resign or be dis-
charged under honorable conditions (or, in the
case of reservists, be placed on inactive duty),
shall be paid, in addition to all other amounts
due them in pursuance of law. $60 each.
This amount shall not be paid (1) to any
person who though appointed or inducted into
the military or naval forces on or prior to
Nov. 11, 1918, had not reported for duty at
his station on or prior to such date; or (2)
to any person who has already received one
month's pay under the provisions of section
9 of the act entitled "An act to authorize
the president to increase temporarily the
military establishment of the United States,"
approved May 18, 1917; or (3) to any person
who is entitled to retired pay; or (4) to the
heirs or legal representatives of any person
entitled to any payment tinder this section
who has died or may die before receiving such
payment. In the case of any person who
subsequent to separation from the service as
above specified has been appointed or inducted
into the military or naval forces of the
United States and has been or is again sepa-
rated from the service as above specified, only
one payment of $60 shall be made.
The above amount, in the case of separation
from the service on or prior to the passage
of this act. shall be paid as soon as prac-
ticable after the passage of this act, and in
the case of separation from the service after
the passage of this act shall be paid at the
time of such separation.
The amounts herein provided for shall be
paid out of the appropriations for "pay of the
army" and "pay of the navy." respectively
by such disbursing officers as may be desig-
nated by the secretary of war and the secre-
tary of the navy.
The secretary of war and the secretary of
the navy respectively shall make all regula-
tions necessary for the enforcement of the
provisions of this section.
Sec. 1407. That the provisions of section 5
of the act entitled "An act making- appropria-
tions for the service of the postoffice depart-
ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918,
and for other purposes," approved March 3,
1917, relating- to intoxicating liquors in inter-
state commerce, as amended by seqtion 1110
of an act entitled "An act to provide revenue
to defray war expenses, and for other pur-
poses," approved Oct. 3. 1917. be, and the
same are hereby, made applicable to the
District of Columbia.
Sec. 1408. That every person who on or after
April 6, 1917, has entered into any contract,
undertaking or agreement with the United
States, or with any department, bureau, officer,
commission, board, or agency under the United
States or acting in its behalf, or with any
other person having contract relations with the
United States, for the performance of any work
or the supplying- of any materials or property
for the use of or for the account of the United
States, shall, within thirty days after a request
of the commissioner therefor, file with the
commissioner a true p.nd correct copy of every
such contract, undertaking, or agreement.
Whoever fails to comply with such request
of the commissioner shall be guilty of a mis-
demeanor and shall be punished by a fine of
not more than $1,000, or by imprisonment for
not more than one year, or both.
The commissioner shall (when not violative
of the technical military or naval secrets of
the government) have access to all informa-
tion and data relating to any such contract,
undertaking, or agreement, in the possession,
control or custody of any department, bureau,
board, agency, officer or commission of the
United States, and may call upon any such
department, bureau, board, agency, officer or
commission for a full statement and descrip-
tion of any allowance for amortization, ob-
solescence, depreciation or loss, or of any
valuation, appraisal, adjustment or final set-
tlement, made in pursuance of any such con-
tract, undertaking or agreement.
Sec. 1409. That unless .othensrise herein
specially provided, this act shall take effect
on the day following its passage.
Approved 6:55 p. m. Feb. 24. 1919.
THE CAPITOL IN WASHINGTON.
The corner stone of the original capitol
building- was laid by President Washington
Sept. 18. 1793. The north wing was finished
in 1810 and the south wing in 1811, a wooden
passageway connecting them. The original de-
signs of the structure were made by Dr. Wil-
liam Thornton. The two wings were burned
by the British in 1814. but were immediately
restored. In 1827 the original building was
completed at a cost of $2,433.844.13. Exten- ]
sions of the wings were begun in 1851 and
completed in 1859. The dome, which is 287
feet 5 inches in height, was completed in 1865.
The capitol stands in latitude 38 degrees 53
minutes 20.4 seconds north and longitude 77
degrees 00 minutes 35.7 seconds west from
Greenwich. The area covered by the build-
ing is 153,112 square feet. Value of building-
and grounds: Building. $15.000,000: grounds.
S10.400.000: total, $25,400.000.
84
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
WORK OF SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS— THIRD SESSION.
Session began Dec. 2, 1918; ended March 4, 1919.
FILIBUSTERING SENATORS REBUKED.
Owing: to a republican filibuster in the senate
carried out by L. Y. Sherman of Illinois.
Act to provide revenue, and for other pur-
poses; passed by house Sept. 20, 1918; by
senate Dec. 23; approved Feb. 24, 1919.
Act to provide for the fourteenth and subse-
quent censuses; passed by house July 2,
1918; by senate Jan. 17, 1919; approved
March 3, 1919.
Act to amend the liberty bond acts and the
war finance corporation act; passed by
house Feb. 26, 1919; by senate March 2;
approved March 3.
Act providing for the relief of populations m
Europe outside the former German alliance;
passed by house Jan. 13, 1919; by senate
Jan. 24; approved Feb. 25.
Act to enable the president to carry out the
price guaranties made to producers of wheat
of the crops of 1918 and 1919 and to pro-
tect the United States against undue en-
hancement of its liabilities thereunder;
passed by house Feb. 22, 1919; by senate
Feb. 28; approved March 4.
Act permitting any person who has served in
the United States army, navy or marine
corps in the present war to retain his uni-
form and personal equipment and to wear
the same under certain conditions; passed
by house Dec. 16, 1918; by senate Jan. 20,
1919; approved Feb. 28.
Act to authorize the resumption of voluntary
enlistment in the regular army; passad by
senate Jan. 20, 1919; by house Feb. 18;
approved Feb. 28.
Act to provide relief in cases of contracts
connected with the prosecution of the war;
passed by house Jan. 9, 1919; by senate
Jan. 30; approved March 2.
Act to authorize the secretary of the treasury
to provide hospital and sanitarium facili-
ties for discharged sick and disabled sol-
diers, sailors and marines; passed by house
Jan. 27, 1919; by senate Feb. 21; approved
March 3.
Act making appropriations for the payment
of invalid and other pensions of the United
States for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1920; passed by house Feb. 1, 1919; by
senate Feb. 11; approved Feb. 25..
Act to provide for the award of medals of
honor, distinguished service medals and navy
crosses; passed by house Oct. 14, 1918; by
senate Jan. 9, 1919; approved Feb. 4.
Act to amend fiftieth article of war relating
to court-martial sentences: passed by house
Oct. 4, 1918: by senate Feb. 24, 1919; ap-
proved Feb. 28.
Act to establish the Grand Canyon National
park in the state of Arizona; passed by
senate May 16, 1918; by house Jan. 20,
1919; approved Feb. 26.
Act to amend the federal reserve act; passed
by senate Jan. 20, 1919; by house Feb. 17;
approved March 3.
Act to amend and codify laws relating to the
judiciary (increasing salaries, etc.) ; passed
by house Dec. 13. 1918; by senate Jan. 18.
1919; approved Feb. 25.
Act creating a commission for the main-
tenance, control, care, etc., of the Perry
Victory memorial on Put-in-Bay island, Lake
Erie, Ohio; passed by house Feb. 17, 1919;
by senate Feb. 28; approved March 3.
Act to establish the Lafayette National park
in the state of Maine; passed by senate
Oct. 3, 1918; by house Feb. 17, 1919; ap-
proved Feb. 26.
Act authorizing the secretary of the interior
to make investigations through the bureau
of mines of lignite coals and peat to de-
termine practicability of their utilization as
a fuel and in producing commercial products;
passed by senate July 6, 1918; by house
Jan. 7. 1919; approved Feb. 25.
Robert M. LaFollette of Wisconsin and Joseph
I. France of Maryland several important meas-
ures passed by the house failed of enactment
by the 65th congress when it expired by limita-
tion March 4. 1919. The idea of the senators
seemed to be that by taking- this course of
action they could compel the president to call
an extra session of the 66th congress in which
the party control would pass from the demo-
crats to the republicans. Immediately after
the adjournment President Wilson issued the
following statement:
"A group of men in the senate have delib-
erately chosen to embarrass the administration
of the government, to imperil the financial
interests of the railway systems of the coun-
try and to make arbitrary use of powera
intended to be employed in the interest of
the people.
"It is plainly my present duty to attend
the peace conference in Paris. It is also my
duty to be in close contact with the public
business during a session of the congress. I
must make my choice between these two
duties, and I confidently hope that the people
of the country will think that I am making1
the right choice.
"It is not in the interest of the right con-
duct of public affairs that I should call the
congress in special session "while it is impos-
sible for me to be in Washington, because of
a more pressing duty elsewhere, to co-operate
with the houses.
"I take it for granted that the men who
have obstructed and prevented the passage
of necessary legislation have taken all of this
into consideration and are willing to assume
the responsibility of impaired efficiency of the
government and the embarrassed finances of
the country during the time of my enforced
absence."
FAILED OF PASSAGE.
Among the bills of importance which failed
to pass because of the filibuster or for other
reasons were the following appropriation meas-
ures: Army, navy, general deficiency, includ-
ing §750.000,000 addition to the revolving-
fund for the railroad administration: sundry
civil, agriculture. District of Cplumbia and
Indian. LegMative measures which remained
unacted upon included: Water power and
coal and oil land leasing bills; civil service
retirement bill; bill to extend government con-
trol over telegraph and telephones: public
buildings; soldiers' settlement land bill; immi-
gration: prohibition enforcement: repeal of
semi-luxury tnx and woman suffrage constitu-
tional amendment.
PRICE GUARANTIES OF WHEAT.
An act to enable the president to carry out
the price guaranties made to producers of
wheat of the crops of 1918 and 1919 and to
protect the United States against undue en-
hancement of its liabilities thereunder.
Be it enacted, etc.. That by reason of the
emergency growing- out of the war with Ger-
many and in order to carry out the guaran-
ties made to producers of wheat of the crops
of 1918 and 1919 by the two proclamations
of the president of the United States dated,
respectively, the 21st day of February,
1918. and the 2d day of September, 1918.
pursuant to section 14 of "An act to
provide further for the national security
and defense by encouraging the production,
cons'prviner the supply, and controlling the
distribution of food products and fuel." ap-
proved Augr. 10, 1917, and to protect the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
85
United States against undue enhancement of
its liabilities under said guaranties, the in-
strumentalities, means, methods, power, au-
thorities, duties, obligations and prohibitions
hereinafter set forth are created, established,
conferred and prescribed.
Sec. 2. That, in carrying- out the prpvisions
of this act, the president is authorized to
make such regulations and issue such orders
as may be necessary, to enter into any vol-
untary arrangements or agreements, to use
any existing agency or agencies, to accept the
services of any person without compensation,
to co-operate with any agency or person, to
utilize any department or agency of the gov-
ernment, including the food administration
grain corporation, and to co-ordinate their
activities 39 as to avoid any preventable loss
or duplication of effort or funds.
Sec. 3. That whenever the president shall
find it essential, in order to carry out the
guaranties aforesaid or to protect the United
States against undue enhancement of its lia-
bilities thereunder, he is authorized to buy,
or contract for the purchase of, wheat of said
crops of 1918 and 1919 at the places desig-
nated for the delivery of the same by the
president's proclamations or such other places
as he may designate, for cash at the said
guaranteed prices, and he is authorized there-
after to buy or contract for the purchase of,
for cash. or sell. consign or contract
for the sale of. for cash or on credit,
wheat of the said crops of 1918 and 1919
and flour produced therefrom at the said guar-
anteed prices or at such other prices and on
such terms or conditions as may be necessary
to carry out the purposes of this act and to
enable the people of the United States to pur-
chase wheat products at a reasonable price;
to make reasonable compensation for handling,
transportation, insurance and other charges
•with respect to wheat and wheat flour of said
crops, and for storage thereof in elevators.
on farms, and elsewhere: to take such steps,
to make such arrangements and to adopt such
methods as may be necessary to maintain and
assure an adequate and continuous flow of
wheat and wheat flour in the channels of trade,
including the protection or indemnification of
millers, wholesalers, jobbers, bakers and retail
merchants who purchase in carload lots against
actual loss by them on account of abnormal
fluctuations in the price of wheat and wheat
flour of said crops due tcv the action of the
government: to borrow such sums of money as
may be secured by the property or other assets
acquired under this act; to lease and utilize
storage facilities for, and to store, such wheat
and wheat flour; and to requisition storage
facilities therefor. He shall ascertain and pay
a just compensation for facilities so requisi-
tioned. If the compensation so ascertained by
the president be not satisfactory to the person
entitled to receive the same, such person shall
be paid 75 per centum of such amount
and shall be entitled to sue the United States
to recover such further sum as, added to
said 75 per centum, will make up such
amount as will be just compensation for such
facilities: and jurisdiction is hereby conferred
on the United States District courts to hear
and determine all such controversies.
Sec. 4. That whenever the president shall
find that operations, practices or transactions
at, on, in or under the rules of anv ex-
change, board of trade or similar institu-
tion or place of business cause or are likely
to cause unjust market manipulation, or un-
fair and misleading- market quotations, or un-
due depression or fluctuation of the prices of.
or injurious speculation in, wheat or wheat
flour, hereafter in this section called evil prac-
tices, calculated or likely to enhance unduly
the liabilities of the United States under the
said guaranties, he is authorized to prescribe
such regulations governingr, or may either
wholly or partly prohibit, operations, prac-
tices and transactions in wheat or wheat
flour at. on. in or under the rules of any
exchange, board of trade or similar institu-
tion or place of business as he may find
essential in order to prevent, correct or re-
move such evil practices. Such regulations
may require all persons coming within their
provisions to keep such records and state-
ments of account, and may require such per-
sons to make such returns, verified under oath
or otherwise, as will fully and correctly dis-
close all transactions in wheat or wheat flour
at, in, on or under the rules of any such ex-
phange, board of trade or similar institution
or place of business, including the making,
execution, settlement and fulfillment thereof.
He may also require all persons acting in the
capacity of a clearing house, clearing associa-
tion or similar institution, for the purpose of
clearing, settling or adjusting transactions in
wheat or wheat flour at. in, on or under the
rules of any such exchange, board of trade
or similar institution or place of business, to
keep such records and to make such returns
as will fully and correctly disclose all facts
in their possession relating to such transac-
tions, and he may appoint agents to conduct
all investigations necessary to enforce the
provisions of this section and all regulations
made by him in pursuance thereof, and may
fix and pay the compensation of such agents.
Any person who intentionally and willfully
violates any regulation made pursuant to this
section, or who knowingly engages in any
operation, practice or transaction prohibited
pursuant to this section, or who intentionally
and willfully aids or abets in such violation,
or any such prohibited operation, practice
or transaction, shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof be
punished by a fine not exceeding 81,000. The
president shall take seasonable steps to pro-
vide for and to permit the establishment of
a free and open market for the purchase,
sale and handling of wheat and wheat
products upon the expiration of this act.
Sec. 5. That, from time to time, whenever
the president shall find it essential to license
any business of importation, exportation,
manufacture, storage or distribution of wheat
or wheat flour in order to carry into effect
any of the purposes of this act. and shall
publicly so announce: Provided, That as be-
tween the two articles mentioned preference
shall be given to the exportation of flour, ex-
cept when the public interest would, in the
judgment of the president, be injuriously af-
fected thereby, no person shall, after a date
fixed in the announcement, engage in or carry
on any such business specified in the an-
nouncement unless he shall secure and hold a
license issued pursuant to this section. The
regulations prescribed pursuant to this act
may include requirements with respect to the
issuance of licenses, systems of accounts and
the auditing of accounts to be kept by
licensees, submission of reports by them, with
or without oath or affirmation, and the entry
and inspection by the president's duly author-
ized agents of the plnces of business of li-
censees. It shall be unlawful for any licensee
to engage in any unfairly discriminatory or
deceptive practice or device, or to make any
unjust or unreasonable rate, commission or
charge, or to exact an unreasonable profit or
price, in handling or dealing in or with wheat,
wheat flour, bran and shorts. Whenever the
president shall find that any practice, device,
rate, commission, charge, profit or price of
any licensee is unfairly discriminatory, de-
ceptive, unjust or unreasonable, and shall
order such licensee, within a reasonable time
fixed in the order, to discontinue the same, un-
less such order, which shall recite the facts
found, is revoked or suspended, such licensee
shall, within the time prescribed in the order,
discontinue such unfairly discriminatory, de-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
ceptive, unjust or unreasonable practice, de-
yice, rate, commission, charge, profit or price.
The president may, in lieu of any such un-
fairly discriminatory, deceptive, unjust or un-
teasonable practice, device, rate, commission,
charge, profit or price, find what is a fair,
lust or reasonable practice, device, rate, com-
mission, charge, profit or price, and in any
proceeding brought in any court such order of
the president shall be prima facie evidence.
Any person who. without a license issued pur-
suant to this section, or whose license shall
have been suspended or revoked after opppr-
tunity to be heard has been afforded him, in-
tentionally and knowingly engages in or car-
ries on any business for which a license is re-
Quired under this section, or intentionally and
willfully fails or refuses to discontinue any
unfairly discriminatory, deceptive, unjust or
unreasonable practice, device, rate, commis-
sion, charge, profit or price, in accordance
with the requirement of an order issued un-
der this section, or intentionally and willfully
violates any regulation prescribed under this
act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and upon conviction thereof be punished by a
fine not exceeding $1,000: Provided, That
this section shall not apply to any farmer or
co-operative association of farmers or other
person with respect to the products of any
farm or other land owned, leased or cultivat-
ed by him, nor to any common carrier.
Sec. 6. That whenever the president shall
find it essential in carrying out the guaranties
aforesaid, or to protect the United States
against undue enhancement of its liabilities
thereunder, and shall make proclamation there-
of, it shall be unlawful to import into the
United States from any country named in such
proclamation, or to export from or ship from
or take out of the United States to any coun-
try named in such proclamation, wheat, semo-
lina or wheat flour, except at such time or
times, and under such regulations or orders,
and subject to such limitations and exceptions
as the president shall prescribe, until other-
wise ordered by the president or by congress:
Provided, That no preference shall be given to
the ports of one state over those of another.
Any person who shall import, export, ship or
take out of the United States, or attempt to
import, export, ship or take out of the United
States, any wheat, semolina or wheat flour in
violation of this section or of any regulation
or order made hereunder. shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemaanor. and upon conviction
thereof be punished by a fine not exceeding
$1,000: Provided further, That when the pres-
ident finds that the importation into the United
States of any wheat, semolina or wheat flour
produced outside of the United States materi-
ally enhances or is likely materially to en-
hance the liabilities of the United States und?r
guaranties of prices therefor made pursuant
to law. and ascertains what rate of duty, add-
ed to the then existing rate of duty on wheat
and to the value of wheat, semolina or wheat
flour at the time of importation, would be suf-
ficient to bring the price thereof at which im-
ported up to the price fixed or prevailing un-
der the direction of the president under or pur-
suant to this act. he shall proclaim such facts,
and thereafter there shall be levied, collected
and paid upon wheat, semolina or wheat flour
when imported in addition to the then exist-
ing rate of duty the rate of duty so ascer-
tained: but in no case shall any such rate of
duty be fixed at an amount which will effect
a reduction of the rate of duty upon wheat,
semolina or wheat flour under any then exist-
ing tariff law of the United States.
That the United States cotton-futures act,
approved Aug. 11, 1916 (Thirty-ninth statutes
at large, page 476), is hereby amended as fol-
lows:
In the fifth subdivision of section 5 of
said act, strike out the words "good ordinary"
whenever the same occur and substitute there-
for the words "low middling"; strike out the
words "low middling" and substitute therefor
the word "middling"; and strike out the
words "if stained, cotton that is below the
grade of middling" and substitute therefor
the words "if yellow stained, cotton that is
below the grade of strict middling, or, if
blue stained, cotton that is below the grade
of good middling," so that the said subdivi-
sion shall read as follows:
"Fifth. Provide that cotton that, because of
the presence of- extraneous matter of any
character, or irregularities or defects, is re-
duced in value below that of low middling,
or cotton that is below the grade of low mid-
dling, or, if tinged, cotton that is below the
grade of strict middling, or, if yellow stained,
cotton that is below the grade of good mid-
dling, the grades mentioned being of the offi-
cial cotton standards of the United States, or
cotton that is less than seventh-eighths of
an inch in length of staple, or cotton of per-
ished staple or of immature staple, or cotton
that is 'gin cut' or reginned. or cotton that is
'repacked' or 'false packed' or 'mixed packed'
or 'water packed,' shall not be delivered on.
under or in settlement of such contract."
Strike out the sentence comprising the sev-
enth subdivision of section 5 of said act
and substitute therefor the following:
"Seventh. Provided. That all tenders of cot-
ton and settlements therefor under such con-
tract shall be in accordance with the classi-
fication thereof made under the regulations of
the secretary of agriculture by such officer
or officers of the government as shall be des-
ignated for the purpose, and the costs of such
classification shall be fixed, assessed, collected
and paid as provided in such regulations. All
moneys collected as such costs may be used as
a revolving fund for carrying out the pur-
poses of this subdivision, and section 19 of
this act is amended accordingly."
Strike out the last sentence of section 5 of
said act and substitute therefor the following:
"The secretary of agriculture is author-
ized to prescribe regulations for carrying out
the purposes of the seventh subdivision of
this section, and the certificates of the offi-
cers of the government as to the classifica-
tion of a«y cotton for the purposes of said
subdivision shall be accepted in the courts
of the United States in all suits between the
parties to such contract, or their privies, as
prima facie evidence of the true classifica-
tion of the cotton involved."
The foregoing amendments to section 5
of said act shall become effective on and after
the approval of this act. but nothing herein
shall be construed to diminish any authority
conferred on any official of the United States
necessary to enable him to carry out any
duties remaining to be performed by him un-
der said act as unamended. or to impair the
effect of such act as to any contract subject
to its provisions entered into prior to the ef-
fective date of said amendments, or to im-
pair the effect of the findings of the secre-
tary of agriculture upon any dispute referred
to him xinder said section 5 as unamended.
Effective on and after the date of the pass-
age of this act. insert at the end of section
8 of said act the following:
"Provided further. That it shall be the
duty of any person engaged in the business
ocf dealing in cotton, when requested by the
secretary of agriculture or any agent acting-
under his instructions, to answer correctly to
the best of his knowledge, under oath or
otherwise, all questions touching his knowl-
edge of the number of bales, the classifica-
tion, the price or bona fide price offered, and
other terms of purchase or sale, of any cot-
ton involved in any transaction participated
in by him, or to produce all books, letters,
papers or documents in his possession or un-
der his control relating to such matter. Any
such person who shnll. within a reasonable
time prescribed by the secretary of agricul-
ture or such agent, willfully fail or refuse
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
87
to answer such Questions or to produce such
books, letters, papers or documents, or who
shall willfully give any answer that is false
or misleading, shall be guilty of a misde-
meanor, and upon conviction thereof shall
be punished by a fine not exceeding- $500."
Sec. 7. That any person who intentionally
and knowingly makes any false statement or
representation to any officer, agent or employe
of the United States engaged in the perform-
ance of any duty under this act. or falsely
represents to any of said persons that the
wheat he offers for sale was grown as a
part of the 1918 or 1919 crops for the pur-
pose of securing any of the benefits of the
aforesaid guaranties, or any person who will-
fully assaults, resists, impedes or interferes
with any officer, agent or employe of the
United States in the execution of any duty
authorized to be performed by or pursuant
to this act, or any person who intentionally
and knowingly violates any regulation issued
pursuant to this act. except as otherwise
made punishable in this act. shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and. upon convic-
tion thereof, shall be punished by a fine not
exceeding $1.000.
Sec. 8. That for carrying- out the aforesaid
guaranties and otherwise for the purpose of
this act. there is hereby appropriated, put of
any moneys in the treasury not otherwise ap-
propriated, to be available during the time
this act is in effect, the sum of $1,000,000,-
000. of which not to exceed $3,000,000 may
be used for such administrative expenses, in-
cluding- the payment of such rent, the ex-
pense, including postage, of such printing and
publications, the purchase of such material
and equipment, and the employment of such
persons and means in the District of Columbia
and elsewhere, as the president may deem
essential. Any moneys received by the United
States from or in connection with the dis-
posal by the United States of wheat or wheat
flour under this act may, in the discretion of
the president, be used as a revolving fund
for further carrying out the purposes of this
act. Any balance of such moneys not used
as part of such revolving fund shall be cov-
ered into the treasury as miscellaneous re-
ceipts: Provided, That no part of this ap-
propriation shall be used to pay rent in the
District of Columbia.
Sec. 9. That an itemized statement, cover-
ing all receipts and disbursements under this
act, shall be filed with the secretary of the
senate and the clerk of the house of repre-
sentatives on or before the twenty-fifth day
of each month after the taking effect of this
act. covering the business of the preceding
month, and such statement shall be subject to
public inspection. Not later than the expira-
tion of sixty days after this act shall cease
to be in effect the president shall cause a
detailed report to be made to the congress of
all proceedings had under this act. Such re-
port shall, in addition to other matters, con-
tain an account of all persons appointed or
employed, the salary or compensation paid or
allowed each, the aggregate amount of the
different kinds of property purchased or re-
quisitioned, the use and disposition made of
such property, and a statement of all receipts
and expenditures, together with a statement
showing the general character and estimated
value of all property then on hand, and the
aggregate amount and character of all claims
against the United States growing out of this
act.
Sec. 10, That words used in this act shall
be construed to import the plural or singular,
as the case demands; the word "person,"
wherever used in this act, shall include in-
dividuals, partnerships, associations and cor-
porations. When construing and enforcing
the provisions of this act, the act, omission,
or failure of any official, agent or other per-
son acting for or employed by any indi-
vidual, partnership, association or corporation
within the scope of his employment or of-
fice shall in every case also be deemed the
act, omission or failure of such individual,
partnership, association or corporation as
well as that of the person.
Sec. 11. That the provisions of this act
shall cease to be in effect whenever the presi-
dent shall find that the emergency growing
out of the war with Germany has passed and
that the further execution of the provision of
this act is no longer necessary for its pur-
poses, the date of- which termination shall be
ascertained and proclaimed by the president;
but the date when this act shall cease to be
in effect shall not be later than the first day
of June, 1920: Provided, That after June 1.
1920, neither the president nor any agency
acting for him shall purchase or contract for
the purchase of wheat or flour. The termi-
nation of this act shall not affect any art
done, or any right or obligation accruing or
accrued, or any suit or proceeding had or
commenced in any civil case before the said
termination pursuant to this act; but all
rights and liabilities under this act arising-
before its termination shall continue and
may be enforced in the same manner as if
the act had not terminated. Any offense com-
mitted and all penalties or liabilities incurred
prior to such termination may be prosecuted
or punished in the same manner and with
the same effect as if this act had not been
terminated. (Approved March 4, 1919.)
VALIDATION OF WAR CONTRACTS.
The secrefary of war is hereby authorized
to adjust, pay or discharge any agreement,
express or implied, upon a fair and equitable
basis that has been entered into in good
faith during the present emergency and prior
to Nov. 12, 1918, by any officer or agent
acting under his authority, direction or in-
struction or that of the president, with any
person, firm or corporation for the acquisi-
tion of lands or the use thereof, or for dam-
ages resulting from notice by the government
of its intention to acquire or use said lands,
or for the production, manufacture, sale,
acquisition or control of equipment, materials
or supplies, or for services, or for facilities,
or other- purposes connected with the prosecu-
tion of the war, when such agreement has
been performed in whole or in part, or ex-
penditures have been made or obligations in-
curred upon the faith of the same by any
such person, firm or corporation prior to
Nov. 12, 1918, and such agreement has not
been executed in the manner prescribed by
law: Provided, That in no case shall any
award either by the secretary of war or the
Court of Claims include prospective or pos-
sible profits on any part ol the contract be-
yond the goods and supplies delivered to and
accepted by the United States and a reason-
able remuneration for expenditures a-nd ob-
ligations or liabilities necessarily incurred in
performing or preparing to perform said con-
tract or order: Provided further. That this
act shall not authorize payment to be made
of any claim not presented before June 30.
1919: And provided further. That the sec-
retary of war shall report to congress at
the beginning of its next session following
June 30, 1919, a detailed statement showing
the nature, terms and conditions of every
such agreement and the payment or adjust-
ment thereof: And provided further. That
no settlement of any claim arising under any
such agreement shall bar the United States
government through any of its duly author-
ized agencies or any committee ol congress
hereafter duly appointed from the right of
review of such settlement, nor the right of
recovery of any money paid by the govern-
ment to any party under any settlement en-
tered into, or payment made under the pro-
visions of this act if the government has been
defrauded, and the right of recovery in all
such cases shall exist against the executors,
88
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
administrators, heirs
of any party or parties: And
r That nothing in this act shall be con-
relieve any officer or agent of the
p
shall in no way relieve or excuse any officer
^^ffi^i^a^s^ aM:
duel bookl papers and letters or other docu-
ments: and the claim that any .such testi-
trinnv or evidence may tend to criminate tne
p^-son giving the same shall not excuse such
witness from testifying, but such evidence or
S^^€^^^^^^'
Sec. 2. That the Court of. Claims is hereby
eiven jurisdiction on petition of any indi-
vidual, firm, company or 'corporation referred
in in section 1 hereof, to find and award
lair and just compensation in the cases speci-
fied in said section in the event that such in-
dividual, firm, company or corporation shall
not be willing to accept the Adjustment pay-
ment or compensation offered by the secre-
tary of war as hereinbefore provided, or in
the event that the secretary of war shall fail
or refuse to offer a satisfactory . adjustment,
payment or compensation as provided lor in
said section.
Sec. 3. That the secretary of war. through
such agency as he may designate or estab-
lish is • empowered, upon such terms as he
or it may determine to be in the interest of
the United States, to make equitable and fair
adjustments and agreements, upon the termi-
nation or in settlement or readjustment of
agreements or arrangements entered into with
any foreign government or governments or
nationals thereof, prior to Nov. 12. 1918,
lor the furnishing to the. American expedi-
tionary forces or otherwise for war pur-
poses of supplies, materials, facilities serv-
ices or the use of property or for -the s fur-
nishing' of any thereof by the United State
to an? foreign government or governments,
whether or not such agreements or arrange-
ments have been entered into in accordance
with applicable statutory provisions; and
the other provisions of this act shall not
be applicable to such adjustments.
Sec 4. That whenever, under the provisions
of this act the secretary of war shall make
an award to any prime contractor with re-
tpect to any portion of his contract which
he shall have sublet to any other person firm
or corporation who has in. good faith made
expenditures incurred obligations., rendered
service or furnished material, equipment or
supplies to such prime contractor, with the
knowledge and approval of any agent of the
secretary of the war duly authorized there-
unto before payment of said award. the sec-
retary of war shall require such prime con-
tractor to present satisfactory evidence of
having paid said subcontractor or of the
consent of said subcontractor to look for his
compensation to said prime contractor only,
and in the case of the failure of said prime
contractor to present such evidence or such
consent, the secretary of war shad pay
rectly to said subcontractor the amount
found to be due under said award: and in
case of the insolvency of any prime con-
tractor the subcontractor of said Prime con-
tractor shall have a lien upon the funds
arising from said award prior and superior t
the lien of any general creditor of said prime
contractor. * . . . .
Sec. 5. That the secretary of the interior
be, and he hereby is. authorized to admst
liquidate and pay such net losses as have
been suffered by any person, firm or corpo-
ration by reason of producing or preparing
to produce either manganese, chrome, pyrites
or tungsten in compliance with the request
or demand of the department of the interior,
the war industries board, the war trade board
the shipping- board, or the emergency fleet
corporation to supply the urgent needs of the
nation in the prosecution of the war; said
minerals being enumerated in the act of con-
gess approved Oct. 5, 1918, entitled "An act
to provide further for the national security
and defense by encouraging the production,
conserving the supply, and controlling the dis-
tribution ol those ores, metals, and minerals
which have formerly been largely imported,
or of which there is or may be an inadequate
supply."
The said secretary shall make such adjust-
ments and payments in each case as he shall
determine to be just and equitable; that the
decision of said secretary shall be conclusive
and final, subject to the limitation hereinafter
provided; that all payments and expenses in-
curred by said secretary, including personal
services, traveling and subsistence expenses,
supplies, postage, printing and all other ex-
penses incident to the proper prosecution of
this work, both in the District of Columbia
and elsewhere, as the secretary of the interior
may deem essential and proper, shall be paid
from the funds appropriated by the said act
of Oct. 5, 1918, and that said funds and ap-
propriations shall continue to be available for
said purpose until such time as the said sec-
retary shall have fully exercised the authority
herein granted and performed and completed
the duties hereby provided and imposed; Pro-
vided, however. That the payments and dis-
bursements made under the provisions of this
section for and in connection with the pay-
ments and settlements of the claims herein
described and the said expenses of adminis-
tration shall in no event exceed the sum of
$8,500.000: And provided further. That said
secretary shall consider, approve, and dispose
of only such claims as shall be made here-
under and filed with the department of the
interior within three months from and after
the approval of this act : And provided fur-
ther. That no claim shall be allowed or paid
by said secretary unless it shall appear to the
satisfaction of the said secretary that the ex-
penditures so made or obligations so incurred
by the claimant were made in good faith for
or upon property which contained either man-
ganese, chrome, pyrites or tungsten in suffi-
cient quantities to be of commercial impor-
tance: And provided further. That no claims
shall be paid unless it shall appear to the
satisfaction of said secretary that moneys were
invested or obligations were incurred subse-
quent to April 6, 1917, and prior to Nov. 12.
1918. in a legitimate attempt to produce either
manganese, chrome, pyrites or tungsten for
the needs of the nation for the prosecution of
the war. and that no profits of any kind shall
be included in the allowance of any of said
claims, and that no investment for merely
speculative purposes shall be recognized in any
manner by said secretary: And provided fur-
ther, That the settlement of any claim aris-
ing under the provisions of this section shall
not bar the United States government, through
any of its duly authorized agencies or any
committee of congress hereafter duly appoint-
ed, from the right of review of such settle-
ment, nor the right to recover any mo^ey
paid by the government to any party under
and by virtue of the provisions of this sec-
tion, if the government has been defrauded,
and the right of recovery in all such cases
shall extend to the executors, administrators,
heirs and assigns of any party.
That a report of all operations under this
I section, including receipts and disbursements.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
89
shall be made to congress on or before the
first Monday in December of each year.
That nothing- in this section shall be con-
strued to confer jurisdiction upon any court
to entertain a s-uit against the United States:
Provided further. That in determining- the net
losses of any claimant the secretary of the in-
terior shall, among- other thing*. take into
consideration and charge to the claimant the
then market value of any ores or minerals on
hand belonging- to the claimant, and also the
salvag-e or usable value of any machinery or
other appliances which may be claimed was
purchased to equip said mine for the Purpose
of complying- with the request or demand of
the agencies of the government above men-
tioned in the manner aforesaid. (Approved
March 2, 1919.)
REPEAL OF MILITARY APPROPRIATIONS.
The second deficiency appropriation acL°+
1919 approved Feb. 25. 1919. provides that
the following- unexpended balances or por-
tions of unexpended balances or combined
unexpended balances or combined. portions of
unexpended balances of appropriations for the
support of the military establishment con-
tained in appropriation acts or for fiscal
years enumerated in this section shall be
carried to the surplus fund and be cov-
ered into the treasury immediately upon the
approval of this act, namely:
Office of Chief Signal Officer.
For expenses of the
arrnv fiscal vear 1919 .
aThe Authorization of' $45.000000 for ex-
penses of the signal service of the army., con-
tained in the first deficiency appropriation
act. 1919. is repealed. .
Total appropriations and authorizations re-
covered. signal service. S128.373.200.04.
Office of the Provost Marshal General.
For all expenses necessary in the registra-
tion of persons available for military serv-
ice and in selection of certain such persons
and their draft into the military service,
fiscal year 1919. 812,040,047.
Division of Military Aeronautics.
For expenses of the military air service
under appropriations made directly to the di-
vision of military aeronautics or assigned to
that division upon the order of the president.
fiscal year 1919. $85.000.000.
Bureau of Aircraft Production.
For aerial appliances, aviation station, vo-
cational training1 in aviation and so forth,
fiscal year 1919. $400.000,000.
For signal service of the army, fiscal years
1917-1918 and 1918. $2.000.000.
Quartermaster Corps.
For general appropriations, quartermaster
corps, fiscal year 1919. $2.996.414.707.14
For pay of the army, fiscal year 1919,
$654,557.911,68.
For supplies, services and transportation,
fiscal years 1917-1918 and 1918. $6,971,-
460.45.
For horses for cavalry, artillery, engineers
and so forth, fiscal years 1917-1918 and
1918, $32.170,956.08.
For civilian military training- camps, fiscal
years 1917-1918 and 1918. $244,272.41.
For inland and port storage and shipping-
facilities, fiscal years 1918 and 1919. $50,-
026.000.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury, quartermaster corps, $3.740,385,-
307.76.
The authorization of $15.750.000 for the
nuartermaster corps for the construction and
repair of hospitals, contained in the first
deficiency appropriation act, 1919. is repealed.
Total 'appropriations and authorizations re-
covered,
307.70.
quartermaster corps. $3,756,135,-
Medical Department.
For medical and hospital department, fiscal
year 1919. $54.145,513.73.
The authorization of $65.000,000 for med-
ical and hospital supplies of the army, con-
tained in the first deficiency appropriation
act. 1919. is repealed.
Total appropriations and authorizations re-
covered, medical department, $119,145,513.73.
Engineer Department.
For engineer operations in the field, fiscal
years 1917-1918 and 1918. $6.056.469.60.
For engineer operations in the field, fiscal
year 1919, $660,000,000.
For engineer equipment of troops, fiscal year
1919, $126,532.966.16.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury. engineer department. $792.589.-
435.76.
The authorization of $200.000.000 for en-
gineer operations in the field, contained in
the first deficiency appropriation act, 1919.
is repealed.
Total appropriations and authorizations re-
covered, engineer department, $992,589,435.76.
Ordnance Department.
For purchase, manufacture and test of
mountain, field and siege cannon, including-
field artillery for the national guard, and in-
cluding1 antiaircraft g-uns. fiscal years 1917-
1918. 1918 and 1919. and amounts in the
fortifications appropriation act approved July
8. 1918, $174.662.634.98.
For purchase, manufacture and test of am-
munition, subcaliber g-uns and other acces-
sories for mountain, field and siege artillery
practice, fiscal year 1917-1918, and fortifi-
cation appropriation act approved July 8.
1918. $85.418.177.38.
For alteration and maintenance mobile ar-
tillery, fiscal years 1917-1918 and 1918, and
the fortification appropriation act approved
July 8. 1918. $233,083.244.78.
For manufacture of arms and for manufac-
ture of rifles, fiscal years 1917-1918. 1918
and 1919, $210.878,057.09.
For ordnance stores, ammunition, fiscal years
1917-1918. 1918 and 1919. $198.947.310.37.
For small arms target practice, fiscal years
1917-1918. 1918 and 1919. $100.108,390.84.
For automatic machine rifles, including au-
tomatic rifles for the national gruard. fiscal
years 1917-1918. 1918 and 1919. $256,215.-
443.12.
For armored motor cars, fiscal years 1917-
1918. 1918 and 1919. $197.339.362.40.
For ordnance stores and supplies, fiscal
years 1917-1918. 1918 and 1919. $34,029.-
315.28.
For ordnance service, fiscal years 1917-
1918, 1918 and 1919. $7,129.116.55.
For ordnance stores and equipment, civilian
military training1 camps. reserve officers'
training- corps, ordnance equipment for home
guard organizations, ordnance supplies for
military equipment of schools and colleges,
special aids and appliances for manufacture
of arms and so forth, fiscal years 1917-1918,
1918 and 1919. $5,557.956.96.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury, ordnance department. $1,503,369.-
009.75.
The following1 authorizations or portions of
authorizations or combined authorizations or
combined portions of authorizations granted
to the ordnance department of the army in
the appropriations acts enumerated are re-
pealed:
For purchase, manufacture and test of
mountain, field and siege cannon, fortifica-
tion appropriation act approved July 8,
1918, and first deficiency appropriation act,
1919, $1.816.514.192.
For purchase, manufacture and test of am-
munition for mountain, field and siegre can-
90
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
non. fortification appropriation act approved
July 8, 1918. and first deficiency appropria-
tion act, 1919, $2,523.522.251.43.
For purchase, manufacture and test of am-
munition, subcaliber guns for mountain, field
and siege artillery practice, first deficiency
appropriation act, 1919. 865.175,061.
For alteration and maintenance of mobile
artillery, fortification appropriation act ap-
proved July 8, 1918, $100.000,000.
For manufacture of arms, army appropria-
tion act, approved July 9, 1918, and first
deficiency appropriation act, 1919, $242.481,-
200.
For ordnance stores, ammunition, army ap-
propriation act approved July 9, 1918, and
first deficiency appropriation act, 1919, $1,-
117.289.421.
For small arms target practice, army ap-
Eropriation act approved July 9, 1918, and
rst_deficiency appropriation act, 1919, $143,-
861,293.
For automatic machine rifles, army appro-
priation act approved July 9, 1918, and first
deficiency appropriation act, 1919, $441,-
788,000.
For armored motor cars, army appropria-
tion act approved July 9. 1918. and first de-
ficiency appropriation act, 1919, $406,640,000.
For ordnance stores and supplies, army ap-
propriation act approved July 9. 1918, and
first deficiency appropriation act, 1919, $372,-
299.260.
For general contract authorization for
ordnance and ordnance supplies and material,
army appropriation act approved July 9,
1918. $484.708.616.27.
Total authorizations repealed, ordnance de-
partment. $7.714.279.294.70.
Total appropriations anJ authorizations re-
covered, ordnance department. $9,217,648,-
304.45.
Chemical Warfare Service.
For purchase, manufacture- and test of
mountain, field and siege cannon, fiscal year
1917-1918. and fortification appropriation
act. approved July 8. 1918. $38.182,621.89.
For medical and hospital department, fiscal
years 1917-1918 and 1919, $11.853,362.83.
For national security and defense, sundry
civil act approved July 1, 1918, $146,567.05.
For ordnance service, fiscal years 1917-
1918 and 1919, $219.871.65.
For ordnance stores, ammunition, fiscal
years 1917-1918, 1918 and 1919, $27,025,-
214.40.
For ordnance stores and supplies, fiscal years
1917-1918, 1918 and 1919, $9.013.923.90.
For repairs of arsenals, fiscal year 1919,
$16,736.44.
For chemical warfare service, fiscal year
1919, $97,474,312.50.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury, chemical warfare service, $183,932,-
610.66.
The authorization of $150,000,000 for ex-
penses of the chemical warfare service, con-
tained in the first deficiency appropriation act,
1919, is repealed.
Total appropriations and authorizations re-
covered, chemical warfare service, $333,-
932,610.66.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury, military establishment, $6,856,835,-
124.70.
Total authorizations repealed, military es-
tablishment, $8.190.029,294.70.
Total appropriations and authorizations re-
covered, military establishment, $15,046,864,-
419.40.
The portion of the army appropriation act,
approved July 9. 1918, relating- to the "sale
of war supplies." which reads as follows:
"Provided. That any moneys received by the
United States as the proceeds of any such sale
shall be deposited to the credit of that ap-
propriation out of which was paid the cost
to the government of the property thus sold,
and the same shall immediately become avail-
able for the purposes named in the original
appropriation:" hereby is repealed.
The following- unexpended balances or por-
tions of the unexpended balances or combined
unexpended balances or portions of combined
unexpended balances of appropriations for the
support of the naval establishment for the
fiscal years 1917-1918, 1918 and 1919, as set
forth in this section, shall be carried to the
surplus fund and covered into the treasury
immediately upon the approval of this act,
namely :
Office of the Secretary of the Navy.
For aviation in the navy, $97,000.000
For basic patents for aircraft, $1,000,000.
Bureau of Navigation.
For instruments and supplies, $4,500,000.
Bureau of Ordinance.
For ordnance and ordnance stores, $8,000,-
For contingent, bureau of ordnance, $10 000
For experiments, bureau of ordnance.
For new batteries for ships of the navy,
$60,305,257.
For torpedoes and appliances, $8,000,000.
For reserve ordnance supplies, $43.000.000.
For contingent building fund, $3,847.26.
For increase of the navy, armor and arma-
ment, $1,714,750.
For armament and ammunition of coast
guard cutters, $79,574.03.
For ammunition for vessels, $30.000.000.
For ammunition for auxiliaries and mer-
chantmen $2.677.500.
For navy nitrate plant, $8.311,881.
For fuel lands for armor and projectile
plants, $24,513,16.
For ammunition for merchant auxiliaries,
$1.300.000.
For batteries for merchant auxiliaries, $1,-
256,521.24.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury, bureau of ordnance, $164,833.843.69.
The authorization of $20.000,000 for new
batteries for ships of the navy contained in
the naval appropriation act for the fiscal year
1919 is repealed.
The authorization of $11,000,000 for am-
munition for vessels contained in the naval
appropriation act for the fiscal year 1919 is
repealed. i
Total appropriations and authorizations re-
covered, bureau of ordnance, $195,833,843.69.
Public Works, Bureau of Yards and Docks.
For naval training camps, $257,885.
Navy yard. Boston. Mass.: For water-front
improvements, $570,000.
Navy yard, Washington, D. C.: For the ac-
quisition of additional land, $100,000.
Navy yard, Charleston, S. C.: For new su-
perstructure for pier numbered 314. $17.000.
Navy yard. New Orleans, La.: For floating
crane, $30,000.
Navy yard. Mare island, Calif.: For revolv-
ing crane, $40.000; for structural shop and
auxiliary improvements $250,000; in all,
$290.000.
Naval academy: For addition to Isherwood
hall, $15.000.
Naval training station. Great .Lakes, HI.:
For additional land. $400.000.
Hospital construction: For hospitals and
medical supply depots. $1.008.742.
For handling appliances at navy yards,
$25,000.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury, public works, bureau of yards and
docks, $2,713,627.
Bureau of Supplies and Accounts.
For fuel and transportation, $23,096.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
91
Bureau of Steam Engineering.
For machinery plant, New York navy yard,
$1,420.33.
Marine Corps.
For reserve supplies, marine corps, naval
appropriation act approved July 1, 1918,
$7,000,000: Provided, That the secretary of
war is authorized and directed to transfer to
the secretary of the navy for the use of the
marine corps without payment therefor, such
reserve stock of clothing-, arms and equipment
and other necessary military supplies, inven-
toried at the cost to the army and not to ex-
ceed in the aggregate $7,000,000, as the same
from time to time may be requisitioned.
For maintenance, quartermaster's depart-
ment, marine corps, $20,000.000.
For pay, marine corps, $14,191.975.96.
For expenses, marine corps reserve. $25,000.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury, marine corps, $41,216,975.96.
Total appropriations to be covered into the
treasury, naval establishment, $334,361,-
866.98.
Total authorizations repealed, naval estab-
lishment, $31.000,000.
Total appropriations and authorizations re-
covered, naval establishment, $365,361,866.98.
VICTORY LIBERTY LOAN ACT.
The second liberty bond act is hereby
amended by adding- thereto a new section to
read as follows:
"Sec. 18. (a) That in addition to the bonds
and certificates of indebtedness and war sav-
ing's certificates authorized by this act and |
amendments thereto, the secretary of the
treasury, with the approval of the president,
is authorized to borrow from time to time
on the credit of the United States for the
purposes of this act, and to meet public ex-
penditures authorized by law, not exceeding1
in the aggregate 37,000,000,000, and to issue
therefor notes of the United States at not less
than par in such form or forms and denomi-
nation or denominations, containing" suqh
terms and conditions, and at such rate or
rates of interest, a.: the secretary of the
treasury may prescribe, and each series of
notes so issued shall be payable at euch
time not less than one year nor more than
five years from the date of its issue as
he may prescribe, and may be redeemable be-
fore maturity (at the option of the United
States) in whole or in part, upon not more
than one year's nor less than four months'
notice, and under such rules and regulations
and during- such period as he may prescribe.
"(b) The notes herein authorized may be
issued in any one or more of the following'
series as the secretary of the treasury may
prescribe in connection with the issue thereof:
"(1) Exempt, both as to principal and in-
terest, from all taxation (except estate or
inheritance taxes) now or hereafter imposed
by the United States, any state or any of
the possessions of the United States, or by any
local taxing- authority;
"(2) Exempt, both as to principal and in-
terest, from all taxation now or hereafter im-
posed by the United States, any state or any
of the possessions of the United States or
by any local taxing- authority except (a)
estate or inheritance taxes, and (b) gradu-
ated additional income taxes, commonly
known as surtaxes and excess-profits and war-
profits taxes, now or hereafter imposed by
the United States upon the income or profits
of individuals, partnerships, associations or
Corporations;
"(3) Exempt, both as to principal and in-
terest, as pr9vided in paragraph (2); and
with an additional exemption from the taxes
referred to in clause (b) of such paragraph.
of the interest on an amount of such notes
the principal of which does not exceed
$30,000, owned by any individual, partner-
ship, association or corporation: or
"(4) Exempt, both as to principal and in-
terest, from all taxation now or hereafter
imposed by the United States, any state or
any of the possessions of the United States,
or by any local taxing authority, except (a)
estate or inheritance taxes and (b) all in-
come, excess-profits and war-profits taxes
now or hereafter imposed by the United States
upon the income or profits of individuals,
partnerships, associations or corporations.
. "(c) If the notes authorized under this sec-
tion are offered in more than one series bear-
ing1 the same date of issue, the holder of
notes of any such series shall (under such
rules and regnlations as may be prescribed
by the secretary of the treasury) have the
option of having1 such notes held by him
converted at par into notes of any other
such series offered bearing1 the same date
of issue.
"(d) None of the notes authorized by this
section shall bear the circulation privilege.
The principal and interest thereof shall be
payable in United States g-old coin of the
present standard of value. The word 'bond'
or 'bonds' where it appears in sections 8, 9.
10, 14 and 15 of this act as amended, and
sections 3702. 3703, 3704 and 3705 of the
revised statutes and section 5200 of the re-
vised statutes as amended, but in such sec-
tions only, shall be, deemed to include notes
issued under this section."
Sec. 2. (a) That until the expiration of
five years after the date of the termination
of the war between the United States and the
German g-overnment. as fixed by proclamation
of the president, in addition to the exemp-
tions provided in section 7 of the second
liberty bond act in respect to the interest on
an amount of bonds and certificates, author-
ized by such act and amendments thereto,
the principal of which does not exceed in the
ag-gregate $5,000, and in addition to all other
exemptions provided in the second liberty
bond act or the supplement to second liberty
bond act, the interest received on and after
Jan. 1, 1919, on an amount of bonds of the
first liberty loan converted, dated Nov. 15.
1917, May 9, 1918, or Oct. 24. 1918, the
second liberty loan converted and unconverted,
the third liberty loan and the fourth liberty
loan, the principal of which does not exceed
$30.000 in the ac"C"regate, owned by any in-
dividual, partnership, association or corpora-
tion shall be exempt from graduated addi-
tional income taxes, commonly known as sur-
taxes and excess-profits and war-pmfits taxes,
now or hereafter imposed ty the United States,
upon the income or profits of individuals,
parterships. associations or corporations.
(b) In addition to the exemption provided
in subdivision (a), and in addition to the
other exemptions therein referred to, the in-
terest received on and after Jan. 1, 1919, on
an amount of the bonds therein specified the
principal of which does not exceed $20.000
in the aggregate, owned by any individual,
partnership, association or corporation shall
be exempt from the taxes therein specified:
Provided. That no owner of such bonds shall
be entitled to such exemption in respect to
the interest on an aggregate principal amount
of such bonds exceeding1 three times the prin-
cipal ampunt of notes of the victory liberty
loan originally subscribed for by such owner
and still owned by him at the date of his
tax return.
Sec. 3. That section 5 of the second lib-
erty bond act. as amended by section 4 of
the third liberty bond act, is hereby further
amended by striking- out the fig'ures "$8.000,-
000.000" and inserting- in lieu thereof the
figures "$10,000,000.000."
Sec. 4. That section 3 of the fourth liberty
02
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
bond act is hereby amended to read as fol-
lows:
"Sec. 3. That, notwithstanding1 the pro-
visions of the second liberty bond act or of
the war finance corporation act or of any
other act. bonds, notes and certificates of
indebtedness of the United States and bonds
of the war finance corporation shall, while
beneficially owned by a nonresident alien in-
dividual or a foreign corporation, partner-
ship or association, not engaged in business
in the United States, be exempt both as
to principal and interest from any and all
taxation now or hereafter imposed by the
United States, any state, or any of the
possessions of the United States or by any
local taxing- authority."
Sec. 5. That the privilege of converting 4
per centum bonds of the first liberty loan
converted and 4 per centum bonds of the
second liberty loan into 4% par centum bonds,
which privilege arose on May 9, 1918, and
expired on Nov. 9. 1918. may be extended by
the secretary of the treasury for such period,
upon such terms and conditions and subject
to such rules and regulations as he may
prescribe. For the. purpose of computing the
amount of interest payable, bonds presented
for conversion under any such extension shall
be deemed to be converted on the dates for
the payment of the semiannual interest on
the respective bonds so presented for con-
version next succeeding the date of such
presentation.
Sec. 6. (a)' That there is hereby created in
the treasury a cumulative sinking fund for
the retirement of bonds and notes issued un-
der the first liberty bond act, the second
liberty bond act, the third liberty bond act,
the fourth liberty bond act or under this
act and outstanding on July 1, 1920. The
sinking fund and all additions thereto are
hereby appropriated for trie payment of such
bonds and notes at maturity, or for the re-
demption or purchase thereof before maturity
by the secretary of the treasury at such prices
and upon such terms and conditions as he
shall prescribe, and shall be available until
all such bonds and notes are retired. The av-
erage cost of the bonds and notes purchased
shall not exceed par and accrued interest.
Bonds and notes purchased, redeemed or paid
out of the sinking fund shall be canceled and
retired and shall not be reissued. For the fis-
cal year beginning July 1, 1920, and for each
fiscal year thereafter until all such bonds
and notes are retired there is hereby appropri-
ated, out of any money in the treasury not
otherwise appropriated, for the purposes of
such sinking fund, an amount equal to the
sum of (1) 2% per centum of the aggregate
amount of such bonds and notes outstanding
on July 1, 1920, less an amount equal to the
par amount of any obligations of foreign gov-
ernments held by the United States on July 1,
1920, and (2) the interest which would have
been payable during the fiscal year for which
the appropriation is made on the bonds and
notes purchased, redeemed or paid out of the
sinking fund during such year or in previous
years.
The secretary of the treasury shall submit
to congress at the beginning of each regular
session a separate annual report of the action
taken under the authority contained in this
section.
(b) Sections 3688, 3694, 3695 and 3696 of
the revised statutes and so much of section
3689 of the revised statutes as provides a
permanent annual appropriation of 1 per cent-
um of the entire debt of the United States to
be set apart as a sinking fund are hereby re-
pealed.
Sec. 7. (a) That until the expiration of
eighteen months after the termination of the
war between the United States and the Ger-
man government, as fixed by proclamation of
the president, the secretary of the treasury,
with the approval of the president, is hereby
authorized on behalf of the United States to
establish, in addition to the credits authorized
by section 2 of the second liberty bond act,
as amended, credits with the United States for
any foreign government now engaged in war
with the enemies of the United States, for the
purpose only of providing for purchases of any
property owned directly or indirectly by the
United States, not needed by the United States,
or of any wheat the price of which has been
or may be guaranteed by the United States.
To the extent of the credits so established
from time to time the secretary of the treas-
ury is hereby authorized to make advances to
or for the account of any such foreign govern-
ment, and to receive at par from such foreign
government for the amount of any such ad-
vances its obligations hereafter issued bearing
such rate or rates of interest, not less than 5
per centum per annum, maturing at such date
or dates, not later than Oct. 15, 1938, and
containing such terms and conditipns as the
secretary of the treasury may from time to time
prescribe. The secretary, with the approval of
the president, is hereby authorized to enter in-
to such arrangements from time to time with
any such foreign government as may be neces-
sary or desirable for establishing- such credits
and for the payment of such obligations be-
fore maturity.
(b) The secretary of the treasury is hereby
authorized from time to time to convert any
short-time obligations of foreign governments
which may be received under the authority of
this section into long-time obligations of such
foreign governments, respectively, maturing, not
later than Oct. 15, 1938, and in such form and
terms as the secretary of the treasury may
prescribe; but the rate or rates of interest
borne by any such long-time obligations at the
time of their acquisition shall not be less than
the rate borne by the short-time obligations
so converted into such long-time obligations;
and under such terms and conditions as he
may from time to time prescribe, to receive
payment, on or before maturity, of any obli-
gations of such foreign governments' acquired
on behalf of the United States under authori-
ty of this section, and with the approval of
the president, to sell any of such obligations
(but not less than par with accrued interest
unless otherwise hereafter provided by law),
and to apply the proceeds thereof, and any pay-
ments so received from foreign governments
on account of the principal of such obliga-
tions, to the redemption or purchase, at not
more than par and accrued interest, of any
bonds of the United States issued under the
authority of the first liberty bond act or sec-
ond liberty bond act as amended and supple-
mented, and if such bonds cannot be so re-
deemed or purchased the secretary of the
treasury shall redeem or purchase any other
outstanding interest -bearing obligations of the
United States which may at such time be sub-
ject to redemption or which «an be purchased
at not more than par and accrued interest.
(c) For the purpose of this section, there is
appropriated the unexpended balance of the
appropriations made by section 2 of the first
liberty bond act and by section 2 of the sec-
ond liberty bond act as amended by the third
liberty bond act and the fourth liberty
bond act, but nothing in this section shall be
deemed to prohibit the use of such unexpended
balance or any part thereof for the purposes
of section 2 of the second liberty bond act, as
so amended, subject to the limitations therein
contained.
Sec. 8. That the obligations of foreign gov-
ernments acquired by the secretary of the
treasury by virtue of the provisions of the
first liberty bond act and the second liberty
bond act, and amendments and supplements
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920,
93
thereto, shall mature at such dates as shall be
determined by the secretary of the treasury:
Provided, That such obligations acquired by
virtue of the provisions of the first liberty
bond act, or through the conversion of short-
time obligations acquired under such act, shall
mature not later than June 15, 1947, and all
other such obligations of foreign governments
shall mature not later than Oct. 15, 1938.
Sec. 9. That the war finance corporation
act is hereby amended by adding to Title I.
thereof a new section, to read as follows:
"Sec. 21. (a) That the corporation shall be
empowered and authorized, in order to pro-
mote, commerce with foreign nations through
the fextension of credits, to make advances
upon such terms, not inconsistent with the
provisions of this section, as it may prescribe,
for periods not exceeding five years from the
respective dates of such advances:
"(1) To any person, firm, corporation or
association engaged in the business in the
United States of exporting therefrom domestic
products to foreign countries, if such person,
firm, corporation or association is, in the
opinion of the board of directors of the cor-
poration, unable to obtain funds upon reason-
able terms through banking channels. Any
such advance shall be made only for the pur-
pose of assisting in the exportation of such
products, and shall be limited in amount to
not more than the contract price therefor, in-
cluding insurance and carrying or transporta-
tion charges to the foreign point of destina-
tion if and to the extent that such insurance
and carrying or transportation charges are
payable in the United States by such export-
er to domestic insurers and carriers. The rate
of interest charged on any such advance shall
not be less than 1 per centum per annum in
excess of the rate of discount for ninety-day
commercial paper prevailing at the time of
such advance at the federal reserve bank of
the district in which the borrower is located;
and
"(2) To any bank, banker or trust company
in the United States which after this section
takes effect makes an advance to any such
person, firm, corporation or association for
the purpose of assisting in the exportation of
such products. Any such advance shall not
exceed the amount remaining unpaid of the
advances made by such bank, banker or trust
company to such person, firm, corporation or
association for such purpose.
"(b) The aggregate of the advances made
by the corporation under this section remain-
ing unpaid shall never at any time exceed the
sum of SI. 000, 000. 000.
"(c) Notwithstanding the limitation of sec-
tion 1 the advances provided for by this sec-
tion may be made until the expiration of one
year after the termination of the war between
the United States and the German government
as fixed by proclamation of the president. Any
such advance made by the corporation shall
be made upon the promissory note or notes
of the borrower, with full and adequate se-
curity in each instance by indorsement, guar-
anty or otherwise. The corporation shall re-
tain power to require additional security at
any time. The corporation in its discretion
may upon like security extend the time of
payment of any such advance through re-
newals, the substitution of new obligations
or otherwise, but the time for the payment
of any such advance shall not be extended
beyond five years from the date on which
it was originally made."
Sec. 10. That section 15 of the war finance
corporation act is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"Sec. 15. That all net earnings of the cor-
poration not required for its operations shall
be accumulated as a reserve fund until such
time as the corporation liquidates under the
terms of this title. Such reserve fund shall,
upon the direction of the board of directors,
with the approval of the secretary of the
treasury, be invest. d in bonds and obligations
of the United States, issued or converted after
Sept. 24, 1917. or upon like direction and
approval may be deposited in member banks
of the federal reserve system, or in any of
the federal reserve banks, or be used from
time to time, as well as any other funds of
the corporation, in the purchase or redemp-
tion of any bonds issued by the corporation.
The federal reserve banks are hereby author-
ized to act as depositaries for and as fiscal
agents of the corporation in the general per-
formance of the powers conferred by this
title. Beginning1 twelve months after the
termination of the war, the date of such
termination to be fixr'd by a proclamation
of the president of the United States, the
directors of the corporation shall proceed to
liquidate its assets and to wind up its affairs,
but the directors of the corporation, in their
discretion, may, from time to time, prior to
such date, sell and dispose of any securities
or other property acquired by the corporation.
Any balance remaining after the payment
of all its debts shall be paid into the treas-
ury of the United States as miscellaneous
receipts, and thereupon the corporation shall
be dissolved."
Sec. 11. That the short title of this act
shall be "Victory Liberty Loan Act." (Ap-
proved March 3, 1919.)
MILITARY HOSPITALS.
The secretary of the tr^nsury is authorized
to provide immediate additional hospital and
sanitarium facilities for the care and treat-
ment of discharged sick and disabled soldiers,
sailors and marines, army and navy nurses
(male and female), patients of the war risk
insurance bureau and the following persons
only: Merchant marine seamen, seamen on
boats of the Mississippi river commission,
officers and enlisted men of the United States
coast guard, officers and employes of the pub-
lic health service, certain keepers and as-
sistant keepers of the United States light-
house service, seamen of the engineer corps of
the United States army, officers and enlist-
ed men of the United States coast and
g°od-nic survey, civilian employes entitled to
treatment under the United States employes'
compensation act and employes on army trans-
ports not officers or enlisted men of the army,
now entitled by law to treatment by the pub-
lic health service.
Sec. 2. There are hereby permanently trans-
ferred to the treasury department for the use
of the public health service for hospital or
sanitaria or other uses the following proper-
ties, with their present equipment, including-
sites and leases or so much thereof as may
be required by the public health service, in-
cluding mechanical equipment in connection
therewith and approaches thereto, with au-
thority to lease or purchase sites not own«d
by the government, as follows: Hospitals
with such other buildings and land as may
be required, at Camp Cody (New Mexico),
Camp Hancock (Georgia), Camp Jos^nh E.
Johnston (Florida), C?mp Beauregard (Louisi-
ana), Camp Logan (Texas), Camp Fremont
(California) and nitrate plant, Perryville
(Maryland) and such hospitals with other
necessary buildings hereafter vacated by the
war department as may be required and found
suitable for the n^eds of the public health
service for hospital or sanitaria purposes.
And for the purpose of such remodeling of
or additions to the above named plants as
may be required to adapt them to the needs
and uses of the public health service, the
snm of $750.000 is hereby authorized.
Sec. 3. The secretary of war is hereby au-
thorized and directed to transfer without
charge to the secretary of the treasury for
ALMANAC AND YEARBOOK FOB 1920.
the use of the public health service such
hospital furniture and equipment, including
hospital and medical supplies, motor trucks
and other motor driven vehicles in g-ood con-
dition, not required by the war department, as
may be required by the public health service
for its hospitals, and the president is author-
ized to direct the transfer to the treasury de-
partment of thie use of such l?nds or parts of
lands, building-s, fixtures, appliances, furmsh-
ins-s or furniture under the control of any
other department of the g-overnment not re-
quired for the purposes of such department
and suitable for the uses of the public health
Sec 4. So much of the Battle Mountain
sanitarium at Hot Spring's. S. D., the Na-
tional Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers,
with its present equipment, as is not re-
quired for the purposes for which these
facilities were provided, is hereby made
available for the use of the public health
service for a period of five years from the
approval of this act, unless sooner released
by the surgeon-general of the public health
66Sec. *5. The secretary of the treasury is
hereby authorized to contract with any exist-
ing1 hospital or sanitarium, by lease or other-
wise, for immediate use. in whole or in part,
of their present facilities, so as to provide
bed capacity and facilities for not exceeding1
one thousand patients, and for such purposes
the sum of $300.000 is hereby authorized.
Sec. 6. The secretary of the treasury is
hereby authorized, if in his judgment the
same will be for the best interests of the
g-overnment from the standpoint of cost, lo-
cation and of the emergency needs of the
public health service, to purchase the site,
building-s and hospital facilities and appur-
tenances, at Corpus Christi, Tex., known as
General Hospital Numbered 15, and for such
purpose the sum of $150,000 is hereby au-
thorized.
The sum of SI. 500,000 is hereby author-
ized to be held as an emergency fund for the
purchase of land and buildings suitable for
hospital and sanitaria purposes, which the
secretary of the treasury is hereby author-
ized to select and locate, and to make addi-
tions and improvements suitable to adapt
them to the uses of the United States pub-
lic health service, if in his judgment the
emergency requires it.
Sec. 7. By the construction of new hospitals
and sanitaria, to include the necessary build-
ings with their appropriate mechanical and
other equipment and approach work, includ-
ing- roads leading- thereto, for the accommoda-
tion of patients, officers, nurses, attendants,
storage, laundries, vehicles and live stock on
sites now owned by the government or on new
sites to be acquired by purchase or other-
wise, at the places hereinafter named: Pro-
vided. That if the secretary of the treasury
shall make a finding that any hospital
project hereinafter specifically authorized is
not to the best interest of the government
from the standpoint of cost, location and of
the emergency needs of the public health
service, he is hereby authorized to reject
such project or projects and to locate, con-
struct or acquire hospitals at such other
locations as would best subserve the interest
of the government and the emergency needs
of -the public health service within the limits
of cost of such authorization.
a. At Cook county, Illinois, by taking- over
the land and executing the contract for the
construction thereon of hospital buildings
specified therein of a certain proposed con-
tract executed by the Shank company. Aug.
31. 1918. and in accordance with such con-
tract and the plans and specifications, iden-
tified in connection therewith Aug. 31. 1918.
by the signature and initials of Brig.-Gen. R.
C. Marshall. Jr., construction division, quar-
termaster department. United States army, by
Lieut.-Col. C. C. Wright and the Shank com-
pany, by George H. Shank, president, at the
cost stated therein, namely, $2,500,000, with
such changes in said plans and specifications
as may be required by the secretary of the
treasury to adapt said specified buildings to
the needs and purposes of the public health
service, at a total limit of cost not to
exceed $3.000,000.
b. In carrying- the foregoing- authorization
into effect, the secretary of the treasury is
authorized to execute the contract with the
Shank company hereinbefore specified, with
such verbal changes as are made necessary by
a change in the contracting- officers, and to
assume all obligations in said contract con-
tained, and to purchase materials and labor
in the open market, or otherwise, and to em-
ploy laborers and mechanics for the construc-
tion of such buildings and their equipment as
in his judgment shall best meet the public
exigencies, within the limits of cost herein
authorized.
c. At Dawson Springs, Ky., on land to be
acquired by gift, the necessary buildings for
a sanitarium having a capacity of not less
than 500 beds. The sum of $1.500.000 is
hereby authorized for the construction of such
sanitarium.
d. The sum of $900.000 is hereby author-
ized for the construction, including site, of a
hospital plant complete at Norfolk, Va.
e. The sum of $550,000 is hereby author-
ized for the construction, on land owned by
the government, on a site to be selected by
the secretary of the treasury, with the ap-
proval of the president, of a hospital plant
complete in the District of Columbia or vi-
cinity.
f. The sum of $190,000 is hereby author-
ized for additional hospital accommodations,
including- such minor alteration in and remod-
eling- of existing and authorized buildings as
may be necessary to economically adapt them
to the additional accommodatipns herein au-
thorized for the Marine hospital at Staple-
ton, Staten island, N. Y.. the sum appropri-
ated for additions to the said hospital by the
act approved March 28, 1918, is authorized
to be expended in full without the construc-
tion of psychiatric units.
Sec. 8. In carrying- the foregoing authoriza-
tion into effect, all new construction work
herein authorized shall, as far as feasible, be
of fire resisting character, and the secretary
of the treasury is authorized to enter into
contracts for the construction, equipment, and
so forth, of such buildings on government
owned lands, or lands acquired for such pur-
pose, to purchase materials and labor in the
open market or otherwise, and to employ la-
borers and mechanics for the construction of
such building-s and their equipment as in his
judgment shall best meet the public exigencies,
within the limits1 of cost herein authorized.
Sec. 9. For the purpose of carrying the
foreg-oing authorization into effect there is
hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in
the treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be
immediately available and remain available
until expended, the sum of $8,840,000, and
for furniture and equipment not otherwise
provided for, the sum of $210,000: in all,
$9,050,000.
Sec. 10. And the secretary of the treasury
is hereby authorized, in his discretion, to em-
ploy, for service within or without the District
of Columbia, without regard to civil service
laws, rules and regulations, and to pay from
the sums hereby authorized and appropriated
for construction purposes, at customary rates
of compensation, such additional technical and
clerical services as may be necessary, exclusive-
ly to aid in the preparation of the drawings
and specifications for the above-named objects
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
95
and supervision of the execution thereof, for
traveling: expenses, and printing- incident there-
to, at a total limit of cost for such additional
technical and clerical services and traveling-
expenses, and so forth, of not exceeding- $210,-
000 of the above-named limit of cost. All of
the above-mentioned work shall be under the
direction and supervision of the surg^n-g-en-
eral of the public health service, subject to
the approval of the secretary of the treasury.
Sec. 11. There is hereby appropriated, out
of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise
appropriated, for necessary personnel, includ-
ing- regular and reserve commissioned officers
of the public health service and clerical help
in the District of Columbia and elsewhere, and
maintenance, hospital supplies and equipment,
leases, fuel, lights and water and freight,
transportation and travel and reasonable
burial expenses (not exceeding- $100 for any
patient dying- in hospital), $785,333 for the
fiscal year ending- June 30. 1919. (Approved
March 3. 1919.)
NAVAL DECORATIONS.
That the president of the United States be
and he is hereby authorized to present, in the
name of congress, a medal of honpr to any
person who, while in the naval service of tlie
United States, shall, in action involving- actual
conflict with the enemy, distinguish himself
conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at
the risk of his life above and beyond the call
of duty and without detriment to the mission
of his command or the command to which at-
tached.
Sec. 2. That the president be and he hereby
is further authorized to present, but not in,
the name of congress, a distinguished-service
medal of appropriate design and a ribbon, to-
gether with a rosette or other device to be
worn in lieu thereof, to any person who,
while in the naval service of the United States,
since the sixth day of April, 1917. has dis-
tinguished or who hereafter shall distinguish
himself by exceptionally meritorious service to
the government in a duty of great responsi-
bility.
Sec. 3. That the president be and he here-
by is further authorized to present, but not in
the name of congress, a navy cross of appro-
priate design and a ribbon, together with a
rosette or other device to be worn in lieu,
thereof, to any person who while in the naval
service of the United States, since the sixth
day of April, 1917, has distinguished, or who
shall hereafter distinguish, himself by extraor-
dinary heroism or distinguished service in the
line of his profession, such heroism or service
not being- sufficient to justify the award of a
medal of honor or a distinguished-service
medal.
Sec. 4. That each enlisted or enrolled per-
son of the naval service to whom is awarded
a medal of honor, distinguished-service medal,
or a navy cross shall for each such award be
entitled to additional pay at the rate of $2
per month from the date of the distinguished
act or service on which the award is based,
and each bar or other suitable emblem or in-
signia, in lieu of a medal of honor, distin-
guished-service medal, or navy cross, as here-
inafter provided for, shall entitle him to fur-
ther additional pay at the rate of $2 per
month Irom the date, of the distinguished act
or service for which the bar is awarded, and
such additional pay shall continue through-
out his active service, whether such service
shall or shall not be continuous.
Sec. 5. That no more than one medal of
honor or one distinguished-service medal or
one navy cross shall be issued to any one per-
son; but for each succeeding- deed or service
sufficient to justify the award of a medal of
honor or a distinguished-service medal or navy
cross, respectively, the president may award
a suitable bar, or other suitable emblem or
insignia, to be worn with the decoration and
the corresponding- rosette or other device
Sec. 6. That the secretary of the navy is
hereby authorized to expend from the appro-
priation "pay of the navy" of the navy de-
partment so much as may be necessary to de-
fray the cost of the medals of honor, distin-
guished-service medals, and navy crosses, and
bars, emblems or insignia herein provided for
and so much as may be necessary to replace
any medals, crosses, bars, emblems or insignia
818 a.re herein or may heretofore have been
«h *T? H -Provided. That such replacement
shall be made only m those cases where the
medal of honor, distinguished-service medal or
naj?r/icros^ °r bar, emblem or insignia pre-
sented under the provisions of this or any
other act shall have been lost destroyed or
rendered unfit for use without fault or neglect
on the part of the person to whom it was
So?. ^ 8haU * made Without char*e
"ec. 7. That, except as otherwise prescribed
iST^SuS? medal of honor, distinguished-serv-
ice meda1' navy cross or bar or other suitable
emblem or insignia in lieu of either of said
medals or of said cross shall be issued to any
person after more than five years from the
date of the act or service justifying the award
3oi. nor unless a specific statement or re-
P°rt distinctly setting- forth the act or distin-
guished service and suggesting or recommend-
mL° m«al recognition thereof shall have been
made by his naval superior through official
channels at the time of the act or Service or
within three years thereafter
Sec. 8. That in case an individual who shall
distinguish himself dies before the making- of
the award to which he may be entitled thl
award may nevertheless be made and 85'
medal or cross or the bar or other emblem or
uisignia presented within five years from the
Jate of the act or service justifying the award
thereof to such representative of the deceased
as the president may designate: Provided That
no medal or cross or no bar or other emblem
or insignia shall be awarded or presented to
any individual or to the representative of any
individual whose entire service subsequent to
the time he distinguished himself shall not
have been honorable: Provided further. That
in cases of persons now in the naval service
for whom the award of the medal of hon§r
has been recommended in full compliance with
then existing- regulations, but on account* of
«*yices which, though insufficient fuUy to
justify the award of the medal of honor, ap-
aPw^t00fhtnl ^^ell^J^At
S .^be^^^Sr^^' und£
the provisions of. this act authorizing the
award of the distinguished-service medal and
navy cross notwithstanding that said strvfc°s
may have been rendered more than five years
before said cases shall hnve been considpr^d
as authorized by this proviso, but aH consid-
eration or any action upon any of said cases
shall be based exclusively upon official rec-
ords now on file in th- navy department.
. Sec. 9. That the president be and he hereby
19 authorized to delegate, under such conditions
regulations a?d limitations as he shall pre:
scribe, to flag- officers who are comma nders-in-
chief or commanding on important independent
duty the power conferred upon him by this
act to award the navy cross; and he is fur-
ther authorized to make from time to time
any and all rules, regulations and orders which
he shall deem necessary to carry into effect
the provisions of this act and to execute the
Feb P4T.9S19Td intention thereof. (Approved
RETENTION OF UNIFORM.
Any person who served in the United States
army, navy or marine corps in the present
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
-war may, upon honorable discharge and re-
turn to civil life, permanently retain one com-
plete suit of outer uniform clothing, including-
the overcoat and soich articles of personal
apparel and equipment as may be authorized
respectively, by the secretary of war or the
secretary of the navy and may wear such uni-
form clothing- after such discharge: Provided,
That the uniform above referred to shall in-
clude some distinctive mark or insignia to be
prescribed, respectively, by the secretary of
war or the secretary of the navy, such mark
or insig-nia to be issued, respectively, by the
war department or navy department to all en-
listed personnel so discharged. The word
"navy" shall include the officers and enlisted
personnel of the coast guard who have served
with the navy during- the present war.
Sec. 2. That the provisions of this act shall
apply to all persons who served in the United
States army, navy or marine corps during the
present war honorably discharged since April
6, 1917. And in cases where such clothing
and uniforms have been restored to the gov-
ernment on their discharge the same or simi-
lar clothing and uniform in kind and value as
near as may be shall be returned and given to
eaich soldiers, sailors and marines.
Sec. 3. That section 126 of the act entitled
"An act for making further and more effectual
provision for the national defense, ar.d for
other purposes," approved June 3. 1916, be
amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 126. That an enlisted man honorably
discharged from, the army, navy or marine,
corps since Nov. 11, 1918, or who may hsre-
after be honorably discharged, shall receive
5 cents per mile from the place of his dis-
charge to his actual bona fide home or resi-
dence, or original muster into the service at
his option: Provided, That for sea travel on
discharge, transportation and subsistence onlir
shall be furnished to enlisted men: Provided.
That naval reservists duly enrolled who have
been honorably released from active service
since Nov. 11, 1918, or who may hereafter
be honorably released from active service,
shall be entitled likewise to receive mileage
as aforesaid."
Sec. 4. That all acts or parts of acts incon-
sistent with the provisions of this act are
hereby repealed. (Approved Feb. 28, 1919.)
COURT-MARTIAL SENTENCES.
Article 50 of section 1342 of the revised
statutes of the United States, as amended by
the act entitled "An act making appropria-
tions for the support of the army for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1917, and for other pur-
poses," approved Aug. 29, 1916. be and the
same is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Art. 50. Mitigation or remission of sen-
tences— The power to order the execution of
the sentence adjudged by a court-martial shall
be held to include, inter alia, the power to
mitigate or remit the whole or any part of
the sentence.
"Any unexecuted portion of a sentence ad-
judged by a court-martial may be mitigated or
remitted by the military authority compe-
tent to appoint, for the command, exclusive
of penitentiaries and the United States disci-
plinary barracks,_in which the person under
sentence is held, a court of the kind that im-
posed the sentence, and the same power may
be exercised by superior military authority;
but no sentence approved or confirmed by the
president shall be remitted or mitigated by
any other authority, and no approved sentence
of loss of fT.es by an officer shall be remitted
or mitigated by any authority inferior to the
president, except as provided in the fifty-sec-
ond article.
"When empowered by the president so to do,
the commanding general of the army in the
field or the commanding- general of the terri-
torial department or division may mitigate or
remit, and order executed as mitigated or re-
mitted, any sentence which under these arti-
cles requires the confirmation of the president
before the same may be executed.
"The power of remission and mitigation
shall extend to all uncollected forfeitures ad-
judged by sentence of a court-martial." (Ap-
proved Feb. 28, 1919.)
RELIEF OF EUROPEAN POPULATIONS.
The official title of the act is: "An act pro-
viding for the relief of such populations in
Europe, and countries contiguous thereto,
outside of Germany, German Austria, Hungary,
Bulgaria and Turkey, as may be determined
upon by the president as necessary." The act
reads :
Be it enacted, etc.. That for the participation
by the government of the United States in the
furnishing of foodstuffs and other urgent sup-
plies, and for the transportation, distribution,
and administration thereof to such popula-
tions in Europe, and countries contiguous
thereto, outside of Germany, German Aus ria,
Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey: Provided, how-
ever. That Armenians, Syrians, Greeks and
other Christian and Jewish populations of
Asia Minor, now or formerly subjects of Tur-
key, may be included within the populations to
receive relief under this act. as may be de-
termined upon by the president from time to
time as necessary, and for each and every pur-
pose connected therewith, in the discretion of
the president, there is appropriated out of any
money in the treasury not otherwise appro-
priated $100,000,000, which may be used as a
revolving fund until June 30, 1919, and which
shall be audited in the same manner as other
expenditures of the government: Provided.
That expenditures hereunder shall be reim-
bursed so far as possible by the governments
or subdivisions thereof or the peoples to whom
relief is furnished: Provided further. That a
report of the receipts, expenditures and an
itemized statement of such receipts and expend-
itures made under this appropriation shall be
submitted to congress not later than the first
day of the next regular session: And provided
further, That so far as said fund shall be ex-
pended for the purchase of wheat to be do-
nated preference shall be given to grain grown
in the United States. (Approved Feb. 25,
1919.)
VOLUNTARY ENLISTMENTS.
So much of sections 7 and 14 of the act
entitled "An act to authorize the president
to increase temporarily the military estab-
lishment of the United States." approved
May 18, 1917, as impose restrictions upon en-
listments in the regular army, are hereby re-
pealed in so far as they apply to enlistments
and re-enlistments in the regular army after
the date of approval of this act: Provided.
That from and after the approval of this act,
one-third of 'the enlistments in the regular
army of the United States shall be for a period
of one year, and the remaining two-thirds
thereof shall be for the period of three years.
Any person enlisting under the provisions of
this act shall not be required to serve with
the reserves. The pay of the men enlisted
hereunder shall be the same as that provided
by the act entitled "An act to authorize the
president to increase temporarily the military
establishment of the United States," approved
May 18, 1917: Provided further. That after
the expiration of one year those enlisting for
the period of three years may be discharged in
the discretion of the secretary of war under
such rulas and regulations as may be prescribed
by him after one year of service. (Approved
Feb. 28. 1919.)
PENSIONS.
The following sums are appropriated, out
of any money in the treasury not otherwise
appropriated, for the payment of pensions lor
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
97
the fiscal year ending- June 30, 1920, and for
other purposes, namely: Army and navy pen-
sions, as follows: For invalids, widows, minor
children and dependent relatives, army nurses
and all other pensioners who are now borne on
the rolls, or who may hereafter be placed
thereon, under the provisions of any and all
acts of congress. S215.000.0UO : Provided. That
the appropriation aforesaid for navy pensions
shall be paid from the income of the navy
pension fund, so far as the same shall be suf-
ficient for that purpose: Provided further. That
the amount expended under each of the above
items shall be accounted for separately. For
fees and expenses of examining: surgeons, pen-
sions, for services rendered within the fiscal
year 1920. $30,000. (Approved Feb. 25, 1919.)
ROAD CONSTRUCTION.
The act making- appropriations for the serv-
ice of the postoffice department, approved Feb.
28, 1919, contains the following- provisions for
aiding- the states in the construction of g-ood
roads:
The act entitled "An act to provide that the
United States shall aid the states in the con-
struction of rural post roads, and for other
purposes," approved July 11, 1916, is hereby
amended to provide that the term "rural post
roads." as used in section 2 of said act, shall
be construed to mean any public road a majer
portion of which is now used, or can be used,
or forms a connecting- link not to exceed ten
miles in length of any road or roads now or
hereafter used for the transportation of the
United States mails, excluding- every street and
road in a place having- a population, as
ehown by the latest available federal census.
of 2,500 or more, except that portion of any
such street or road along- which the houses
average more than 200 feet apart: Provided,
That section 6 of said act be further amended
so that the limitation of payments not to ex-
ceed $10,000 per mile, exclusive of the cost of
bridges of more than twenty feet clear span,
which the secretary of agriculture may make,
be, and the same is, increased to $20,000 per
mile.
For the purpose of carrying- out the provi-
sions of said act, as herein amended, there is
hereby appropriated, out of any money in the
treasury not otherwise appropriated, the fol-
lowing additional sums: The sum of $50,000,-
000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919.
and available immediately: the sum of $75,-
000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1920; and the sum of $75,000,000 for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1921: said addi-
tional sums to be expended in accordance with
the provisions of said act: Provided, That
where the constitution of any state prohibits
the same from engaging upon internal im-
provements or from contracting- public debts
for extraordinary purposes in an amount suf-
ficient to meet the monetary requirements of
the act of July 11. 1916, or any act amenda-
tory thereof, or restricts annual tax levies for
the purpose of constructing and improving
roads and bridges and where a constitutional
alteration or amendment to overcome either or
all of such prohibitions must be submitted to
a referendum at a general election, the sum to
which such state is entitled under the method
of apportionment provided in the act of July
11, 1916. or any act amendatory thereof, shall
be withdrawn by the secretary of the treasury
from the principal fund appropriated by the
act of July 11, 1916, or any act amendatory
thereof, upon receipt of the certification of the
governor of such state to the existence of
either or all of said prohibitions, and such
sum shall be earned by the secretary of the
treasury as a separate fund for future dis-
bursement as hereinafter provided: Provided
further. That when, by referendum, the consti-
tutional alterations or amendments necessary
to toe enjoyment of the sum so withdrawn
have been approved and ratified by any state,
the secretary of the treasury, upon receipt of
certification from the governor of such state
to such effect, shall immediately make avail-
able to such state, for the purposes set forth
in the act of July 11. 1916, or any act amend-
atory thereof, the sum withdrawn as herein-
before provided: Provided further. That noth-
ing herein shall be deemed to prevent any
state from receiving such portion of said prin-
cipal sum as is available under its existing
constitution and laws: Provided further. That
in the expenditure of this fund for labor pref-
erence shall be given, other conditions being
equal, to honorably discharged soldiers, sailors
and marines, but any other preference or dis-
crimination among citizens of the United
States in connection with the expenditure of
this appropriation is hereby declared to be un-
lawful.
The secretary of war is hereby authorized
in his discretion to transfer to the secretary of
agriculture all available war material, equip-
ment and supplies not needed for the purposes
of the war department, but suitable for use in
the improvement of highways, and that the
same be distributed among the highway de-
partments of the several states to be used on
roads constructed in whole or in part by fed-
eral aid, such distribution to be made upon a
value basis of distribution the same as pro-
vided by the federal aid road act. approved
July 11, 1916: Provided, That the secretary
of agriculture, at his discretion, may reserve
from such distribution not to exceed 10 per
centum of such material, equipment and sup-
plies for use in the construction of national
forest roads and other roads constructed under
his direct supervision.
There is hereby appropriated, out of any
money in the treasury not otherwise appro-
priated, for the fiscal year ending June 30.
1919, the sum of $3.000.000, for the fiscal
year ending June 30. 1920, the sum of $3,-
000,000 and for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1921, the sum of $3,000,000, available
until expended by the secretary of agriculture
in co-operation with the proper officials of the
state, territory, insular possession, or county,
in the survey, construction and maintenance
of roads and trails within or partly within the
national forests, when necessary for the use
and development of resources of the same or
desirable for the proper administration, protec-
tion and improvement of any such forest. Out
of the sums so appropriated the secretary of
agriculture may, without the co-operation of
such officials, survey, construct and maintain
any road or trail within a national forest
which he finds necessary for the r-'oper ad-
ministration, protection and improvement of
such forest, or which in his opinion is of na-
tional importance. In the expenditure of this
fund for labor preference shall be given, other
conditions being equal, to honorably discharged
soldiers, sailors and marines.
The secretary of agriculture shall make an-
nual report to congress of the amounts ex-
pended hereunder.
No officer or enlisted man of the army, navy
or marine corps shall be detailed for work on
the roads which come within the provisions of
this act except by his own consent: And pro-
vided further. That the secretary of agricul-
ture through the war department shall as-
certain the number of days any such soldiers,
sailors and marines have worked on the pub-
lic roads in the several states (other than
roads within the limits of cantonments or
military reservations in the several states)
during the existing war and also the location
where they worked and their names and rank,
and report to congress at the beginning of its
next regular session: Provided further. That
when any officer or enlisted man in the army,
the navy or the marine corps shall have beem
98
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
or may be in the future detailed for labor in
the building: of roads or other highway con-
struction or repair work (other than roads
within the limits of cantonments or military
reservations in the several states) during- the
existing- war. the pay of such officer or en-
listed man shall be equalized to conform to
the compensation paid to civilian employes in
the same or like employment and the amount
found to be due such officers, soldiers, sailors
and marines, less the amount of his pay as
such officer, soldier, sailor or marine, shall be
paid to him from the 1920 appropriation here-
in allotted to the states wherein such highway
construction or repair work was or will be
performed.
PERRY'S VICTORY MEMORIAL
COMMISSION.
Whereas, there has been erected by the Per-
ry's victory centennial commission, composed
of members appointed pursuant to law, a great
memorial monument on Put-in-Bay island, Lake
Erie, Ohio, at a cost of approximately $1,000,-
000, perpetually memorializing- the victory of
Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry in the battle
of Lake Erie and Gen. William Henry Harri-
son's northwestern campaign in the war of
1812. and commemorating- the century of
peace whch has ensued between Great Britain
and the United States since the termination of
that conflict by the signing- of the treaty ol
Ghent : and.
Whereas, the federal government and the
states of Ohio, Pennsylvania. Michigan, Illi-
nois, Wisconsin. New York. Rhode Island, Ken-
tucky, and Massachusetts have severally con-
tributed to the payment of such cost; and.
Whereas, the legal title to the land constitut-
ing the site whereon said memorial has been
erected is vested in the United States solely in
perpetual trust, for the use. occupancy and
enjoyment of said memorial and other memo-
rial public uses and purposes not inconsistent
with said memorial; and.
Whereas, said memorial is now self-sustain-
ing and will so continue as to the maintenance
thereof, if due provision is made for its care
and protection: therefore.
Be it enacted by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of Amer-
ca in congress assembled. That a Perry's vic-
tory memorial commission is hereby created,
consisting of Nelson A. Miles, Charles H. Davis
and J. Warren Keifer, commissioners of the
United States; Georg-e H. Worthington. Web-
ster P. Huntington. S. M. Johannsen. Eli Wink-
ler and Horace Holbrook. commissioners from
the state of Ohio: A. E. Sisson, Milton W.
Shreve. Edwin H. Vare, T. C. Jones and George
W. Neff. commissioners from- the state of
Pennsylvania; Arthur P. Loomis, John C.
Lodge. Roy S. Barnhart and E. K. Warren,
commissioners from the state of Michigan;
William H. Thbmpson, Chesley R. Perry. James
Pugh, Richard S. Felsom. Nelson N. Lampert,
Adam Weckler, William Porter Adams, Willis
J. Wells. W. H. Mclntosh and H. S. Becke-
meyer, commissioners from the state of Illi-
nois; Frederick M. Symonds. John M. White-
head. A. W. Sanborn. C. B. Perry, S. W. Ran-
dolph. Louis Bohmrich and Sol P. Huntingtpn,
commissioners from the state of Wisconsin:
William J. Conners, George D. Emerson, John
F. Malone, Edward D. Jackson. Simon L. Adler.
Martin H. Glynn, William F. Rafferty. Wil-
liam L. Ormrod, Charles H. Wiltsie and Jacob
Shifferdeeker. commissioners from the state of
New York; John P. Sanborn, Louis N. Arnold.
Sumner Mowry. Henry Davis and Harry Cutler,
commissioners from the state of Rhode Island:
and Henry Watterson, Andrew Cowan, Samuel
M. Wilson. R. W. Nelson and Mackenzie R.
Todd, commissioners from the state of Ken-
tucky, who shall serve without compensation
save necessary expenses.
As vacancies occur in the commission on
the part of the several states, they shall re-
main unfilled until only three commissioners
from each state remain; thereafter the com-
missioners from each state shall be three
When a vacancy shall occur in the commis-
sion on the part of the United States it shall
be filled by the president of the United States
and when such vacancy shall occur on the part
of any state the same shall be filled by the
president of the United States on the recom-
mendation of the governor of such state.
Sec. 2. That said commission, upon the' said
memorial and the site thereof being turned
over to it. shall forthwith have full posses-
sion and control thereof with power to main-
tain, improve, protect and preserve the same
from injury thereto so far as its revenues will
permit, and with power to appoint all neces-
sary officers, agents and employes and to fix
their compensation: also to have such other
powers as may be necessary to accomplish the
purposes and objects and to fulfill the duties
of the commission. It shall not contract any
debt or obligation payable otherwise than from
the net revenues derived from its operation
and management of said site and memorial or
that may be derived by it from other sources
Sec. 3. That the title to said memorial and
site hitherto conveyed to the United States by
the state of Ohio is hereby accepted by the
United States for the uses, purposes and trusts
therein and by this act provided.
. Sec. 4. That the said commission is author-
ized and empowered to receive donations and
bequests, to improve said site and to erect
thereon, when sufficient funds are available for
such purposes, other structures of a general
public character, but the same shall harmonize
with the memorial, and such structures when
erected shall become subject wholly to said
commission and the title to the same shall
vest as does the title to said site and memorial
and be subject to the same uses, possession
trust, control and management.
Sec. 5. That said commission, through its
president and treasurer, shall make in writing-
a report to the secretary of the interior of the
United States on the first Monday in Decem-
ber of each year, in which shall be stated the
condition of the said site and memorial as to
preservation, and all receipts and disbursements
of money pertaining thereto.
Sec 6. That the officers of the commission
shall be a president, vice-president, secretary
and treasurer and such other officers agents
and employes as it may deem necessary.
The commission shall have power to adopt
rules and by-laws for its government and to
provide the methods of voting and the number
of votes each state having more than three
commissioners shall cast at its meeting.
Sec 7. That the right to alter, amend or
repeal this act as hereby expressly reserved.
(Approved March 3, 1919.)
GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.
There is hereby reserved and withdrawn
from settlement, occupancy or disposal under
the laws of the United States and dedicated
and set apart as a public park for the benefit
and enjoyment of the people, under the name
of the "Grand Canyon National park," the
tract of land in the state of Arizona particu-
larly described by and included within metes
and bounds as follows, to wit: [Here foUows
a legal description of the boundaries of the
park, which includes some 996 square miles of
land, embracing the finest portion of the Colo-
rado river canyon in Arizona.] The admin-
istration, protection and promotion of said
Grand Canyon National park shall be exercised,
under the direction of the secretary of the in-
terior, by the national park service, subject
to the provisions of the act of Aug. 25, 1916,
entitled "An act to establish a national park
service, and for other purposes" : Provided,
That all concessions for hotels, camps, trans-
ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOB 1920.
99
portation and other privileges of every kind
and naturo lor the accommodation or enter-
tainment of visitors shall be let at public bid-
ding- to the best and most responsible bidder.
Nothing- herein contained shall affect the
rights of the Havasupai tribe of Indians to
the use and occupancy of the bottom lands of
the Canyon of Cataract Creek as described in
the executive order of March 31. 1882. and
the secretary of the interior is hereby author-
ized, in his discretion, to permit individual
members of said tribe to use and occupy other
tracts of land within said park for agricul-
tural purposes.
Nothing herein contained shall affect any
valid existing claim, location or entry under
the land laws of the United States, whether
for homestead, mineral, right of way or any
other purpose whatsoever or shall affect the
rights of any such claimant, locator or entry-
man to the full use and enjoyment of his land
and nothing- herein contained shall affect, di-
minish or impair the right and authority of
the county of Coconino, in the state of Ari-
zona, to levy and collect tolls for the passage
of live stock over and upon the Bright Angel
toll road and trail, and the secretary of the
interior is hereby authorized to negotiate with
the said county of Coconino for the purchase
of said Bright Angel toll road and trail and all
rights therein and report to congress at as
early a date as possible the terms upon which
the property can be procured.
Whenever consistent with the primary pur-
poses of said park the act of Feb. 15, 1901,
applicable to the locations of rights of way in
certain national parks and the national forests
lor irrigation and other purposes and subse-
quent acts shall be and remain applicable to
the lands included within the park. The secre-
retary of the interior may, in his discretion
and upon such conditions as he may deem prop-
er, grant easements or rights of way for rail-
roads upon or across the park.
Whenever consistent with the primary pur-
poses of said park, the secretary of the in-
terior is authorized, under general regulations
to be prescribed by him, to permit the pros-
pecting, development and utilization of the
mineral resources of said park upon such
terms and for specified periods or otherwise
as he may deem to be for the best interests
of the United States.
Whenever consistent with the primary pur-
poses of said park, the secretary of the In-
terior is authorized to permit the utilization
of areas therein which may be necessary for
the development and maintenance of a govern-
ment reclamation project.
Where privately owned lands within the said
park lie within three hundred feet of the rim
of the Grand Canyon no building, tent, fence
or other structure shall be erected on the park
lands lying between said privately owned
lands and the rim.
The executive order of Jan. 11, 1908, creat-
ing- the Grand Canyon national monument, is
hereby revoked and repealed, and such parts
of the Grand Canyon national game preserve,
designated under authority of the act of con-
gress, approved June 29, 1906, entitled "An
act for the protection of wild animals in the
Grand Canyon forest reserve." as are by this
act included with the Grand Canyon national
park are hereby excluded and eliminated from
said game preserve. (Approved Feb. 26,
1919.)
LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK.
The tracts of land, easements and other
real estate heretofore known as the Sieur de
Monts National monument situated on Mount
Desert island, in the county of Hancock and
state of Maine, established and designated as
a national monument under the act of June
8. 1906. entitled "An act for the preservation
of American antiquities," by presidential proc-
lamation of July 8, 1916, is hereby declared
to be a national park and dedicated as a pub-
lic park for the benefit and enjoyment of the
people under the name of the Lafayette Na-
tional park, under which name the aforesaid
national park shall be entitled to receive and
to use all moneys heretofore or hereafter ap-
propriated for Sieur de Monts National monu-
ment.
The administration, protection and promo-
tion of said Lafayette National park shall be
exercised under the direction of the secretary
of the interior by the national park service,
subject to the provision of the act of Aug.
25, 1916, entitled "An act to establish a na-
tional park service, and for other purposes."
and acts additional thereto or amendatory
thereof.
The secretary of the interior is hereby au-
thorized, in his discretion, to accept in behalf
of the United States such other property on
said Mount Desert island, including lands, ease-
ments, buildings and moneys, as may be do-
nated for the extension or improvement of said
park. (Approved Feb. 26. 1919.)
LIGNITE AND PEAT INVESTIGATION.
The secretary of the interior is hereby au-
thorized and directed to make experiments
and investigations, through the bureau of
mines, of lignite coals and peat, to determine
the commercial and economic practicability of
their utilization in producing fuel oil. g-asoline
substitutes, ammonia, tar, solid fuels, gas for
power and other purposes: and there is hereby
appropriated, out of the funds in the treasury
not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $100.-
000, or so much thereof as may be needed,
to conduct such experiments and investigations,
including personal services in the District of
Columbia and elsewhere and including supplies,
equipment, expenses of traveling and subsist-
ence, and for every other expense incident to
this work.
The secretary of the interior is authorized
and directed to sell or otherwise dispose of any
property, plant or machinery purchased or
acquired under the provisions of this act, as
soon as the experiments and investigation*
hereby authorized have been concluded, and re-
port the results of such experiments and in-
vestigations to congress. (Approved Feb. 25.
1919.)
F'vrTRTEENTH DECENNIAL CENSUS.
A census of the population, agriculture,
manufactures, forestry and forest products and
mines and quarries of the United States shall
be taken by the director of the census in the
year 1920 and every ten years thereafter. The
census herein provided for shall include each
state, the District of Columbia. Alaska, Hawaii
and Porto Rico. A census of Guam and Sa-
moa shall be taken in the same year by the
respective governors of said islands and a
census of the Panama Canal Zone by the gov-
ernor of the Canal Zone in accordance with
plans prescribed OP approved by the director
of the census.
Sec. 2. That the period of three years begin-
ning the first day of July next preceding the
census provided for in section 1 of this act
shall be known as the deconninl census Drriod.
and the reports upon the inquiries provided for
in said section shall be completed and pub-
lished within such period.
Sec. 3. That during the decennial census pe-
riod, and no longer, there may be employed in
the census office, in addition to the force pro-
vided for by the legislative, executive and ju-
dicial appropriation act for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the decennial census pe-
riod, an assistant director, who shall be an ex-
perienced practical statistician; a chief statis-
tician, who shall be a person of known and
tried experience in statistical work; a disburs-
ing clerk; an appointment clerk; a private eeo-
I retary to the director: four stenographers:
100
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
eight expert chiefs of division: and ten statisti-
cal experts. The assistant director shall be ap-
pointed by the president, by and with the ad-
vice and consent of the senate. The chief stat-
istician, the disbursing clerk, the appointment
clerk, the chiefs of divisions and the private
secretary to the director shall be appointed
without examination by the secretary of com-
merce upon the recommendation 01 tne direc-
tor of the census. The statistical experts and
the stenographers shall be appointed in con-
formity with the civil service act and rules:
Provided, That whenever practicable women
and honorably discharged soldiers and sailors
shall be employed in the positions herein pro-
Sec. 4. That the assistant director shall per-
form such duties as may be prescribed by the
director of the census. In the absence of the
director, the assistant director shall serve as
director and in the absence of the director and
assistant director, the chief clerk shall serve
a8Thereappointment clerk shall perform the du-
ties assigned him by the director of the cen-
sus The disbursing- clerk of the census office
shall, at the beginning of the decennial census
period give bond to the secretary of the treas-
ury in the sum of $100.000. surety to be ap-
proved by the solicitor of the treasury, which
Taond shall be conditioned that the said officer
shall render, quarter yearly, a true and faith-
ful account to the proper accounting officers of
the treasury of all moneys and properties
which shall be received by him by virtue of
his office during the said decennial census pe-
riod. Such bond shall be filed in the office of
the secretary of the treasury, to be by him put
in suit upon any breach of the conditions
Sec? 5. That during <the decennial census pe-
riod the annual compensation of the officials
of the census office shall be as follows: The
director of the census. 87.500 : the assistant di-
rector $5.000: the chief clerk and three chief
statisticians for the divisions ol population,
manufactures and agriculture, respectively. $4,-
000 each: three other chief statisticians for
the divisions of vital statistics and statistics
of cities, and the chief statistician provided
for in section 3 of this act. 83,600 each:
the geographer. $3.000: the disbursing clerk.
$3000- the appointment clerk, $2.750: the
chiefs of division. «2,500 each: the private
secretary to the director. $2,250: the statisti-
cal experts. $2,000 each: and the stenogra-
phers provided for in section 3 of this act.
Sec. 6?aThat in addition to the force herein-
before provided for' and to that authorized by
the legislative, executive and judicial appropri-
ation act for the fiscal year immediately pre-
ceding the decennial census period, there may
be employed in the census office during- the
decennial census period, and no longer, as many
clerks with salaries at the rates of $1,800.
$1 680. $1.560. $1.440, $1,380. $1.320, $1.-
260 $1.200. $1.140. $1.080. $1.020. $960 and
$900: one engineer at $1,200: and two photo-
stat operators at $1,200 each; as many skilled
laborers with salaries at the nte of not less
than $720 nor more than $1.000 per annum:
and as many messengers, assistant messengers,
messenger boys, watchmen, unskilled laborers
and charwoman as may be found nccess-uy for
the proper and prompt performance of the du-
ties herein required: these additional clerks and
employes to be appointed by the director of the
census: Provided, That the total number of
such additional clerks with salaries at the rate
of $1,440 or more per annum shall at no time
exceed 150: Provided further. That employes
engaged in the compilation or tabulation of
statistics by the use of mechanical devices may
be compensated on a piece-price basis to be
fixed by the director: Provided, That hereafter
in making appointments to clerical and other
positions in the executive departments and In
independent governmental establishments pref-
erence shall be given to honorably discharged
soldiers, sailors and marines and widows of
such, it they are qualified to hold such posi-
tions.
Sec. 7. That the additional clerks and other
employes provided for by section 6 shall be
subject to such special test examinations ae
the director of the census may prescribe, sub-
ject to the approval of the United States civil
service commission, these examinations to be
conducted by the United States civil service
commission, to be open to all applicants with-
out regard to political party affiliations, and
to be held at such places in each state as may
be designated by the civil service commission
Certifications shall be made by the civil service
commission upon request of the director of the
census from the eligible registers so estab-
lished. in conformity with the law of appor-
tionment as now provided for the classified
service, and selections therefrom shall be mado
by the director of the census, in the order of
rating: Provided. That the requirement as to
conformity with the law of apportionment shall
not apply to messenger boys, unskilled labor-
ers and charwomen: Provided further. That
hereafter .all examinations of applicants for
positions in the government service from any
state or territory shall be had in the Sate £
territory in which such applicant resides, and
no person shall be eligible for such examina-
tion or appointment unless he or she shall
have been actually domiciled in such state or
territory for at least one year previous to such
examination: Provided further. That the civil
service commission shall hold examinations of
applicants temporarily absent from the places
t0nVthnfrr.efal Evidence or domicile in the S3!
§£&« ? J> ?lumbla and elsewhere in the United
States where examinations are usuallv
the requirements of e
isting law as to legal residence or domicile of
such applicants: And provided further That
no p-er*8^n afflicted with tuberculosis shall be
appointed and that each applicant for appoint-
ment shall accompany his or her application
with a certificate of health from some reputable
Physician: And provided further. That in no
instance shall more than one person be ap-
pointed from the same family: And provided
&!££ti5i£S*8* the ^te^cies of theTe%-
ice require, the director may appoint for tem-
porary employment not exceeding six months*
duration from the aforesaid list of eligiblea
those who. by reason of residence or other con-
ditions. are immediately available- and may
also appoint for not exceeding six month?
duration persons having had previous experi-
ence in operating mechanical appliances in
census work whose efficiency records in oper-
ating such appliances are satisfactory to him
and may accept such records in lieu of the
civil service examination: And provided fur-
ther. That employes in other branches of the
departmental classified service who have had
previous experience in census work may be
transferred without examination to the census
office to serve during the whole or a part of
the decennial census period and at the end of
such service the employes so transferred shall
be eligible to appointment to positions in any
department held by th^m at date of transfer
to the census office without examination, but
no employe so transferred shall within one
year after such transfer receive higher salary
than he is receiving- at the time of the trans-
fer: And provided further. That during- the
decennial census period and no longer the di-
rector at the census may fill vacancies in the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
101
permanent force of the census office by the
promotion or transfer of clerks or other em-
ployes employed on the temporary force au-
thorized by section 6 of this act: And pro-
vided further. That at the expiration of the
decennial census period the term of service of
all employes so transferred and of all other
temporary officers and employes appointed un-
der the provisions of this act shall terminate.
and such officers and employes shall not be
eligible to appointment or transfer into, the
classified service of the government by virtue
of their examination or appointment under
this act: And provided further. That in the
selection of the additional clerks and employes
provided for by section 6 the director of the
census is authorized to use. .so far a* prac-
ticable, the re-employment registers established
by executive order of Nov. 26. 1918. and so
far as the same applies to permanent appoint-
ments by competition.
Sec. 8. That the fourteenth census shall be
restricted to inquiries relating- to population.
to agriculture, to manufactures, to forestry
and forest products, and to mines and quar-
ries. The schedules relating to population
shall include for each inhabitant the name,
place of abode, relationship to head of family,
color, sex, age, conjugal condition, place of
birth, place of birth of parents, nationality or
mother tong-ue of all persons born in foreign
countries, nationality or mother tongue pi
parents of foreign birth, number of years in
the United States, citizenship, occupation,
whether or not employer or employe, whether
or not engaged in agriculture, school attend-
ance literacy, tenure of home and the incum-
brance thereon, and the name and address of
each blind or deaf and dumb person.
The schedules relating- to agriculture shall
Include name, color, sex and country of birth
of occupant of each farm, tenure, acreage of
farm acreage of woodland, value of farm and
improvements, and the incumbrance there9n.
value of farm implements, number of live
stock on farms, ranges and elsewhere, and the
acreage of crops and the quantities of crops
and other farm products for the year ending
Dec. 31. next preceding the enumeration. In-
quiries shall be made as to the quantity of
land reclaimed by irrigation and drainage ana
the crops produced: also as to the location and
character of irrigation and dr linage r;nter-
prises. and the capital invested in such, enter-
prises.
The schedules of inquiries relating to manu-
factures, to forestry and forest products, and
to mines and quarries shall include the name
and location of each establishment; character
of organization, whether individual, corporate
or other form; character of business or kind
of goods manufactured; amount of capital
actually invested; number of proprietors, firm
members, copartners and officers, and the
amount of their salaries; number of employes
and the amount of their wages; quantity and
cost of materials used in manufactures: prin-
cipal miscellaneous expenses; quantity and
value of products: time in operation during
the year: character and quantity of power
used: and character and number of machines
employed.
The census of manufactures, of forestry and
forest products, and of mines and quarries
shall relate to the year ending Dec. 31, next
preceding the enumeration of population, and
shall be confined to manufacturing establish-
ments and mines and quarries which were in
active operation during all or a portion of
that year. The census of manufactures shall
furthermore be confined to manufacturing es-
tablishments conducted under what is known
as the factory system, exclusive of the so-called
neighborhood, household and hand industries.
Whenever he shall deem it expedient, the
director of the census may charge the collec-
tion of these statistics upon special agents or
upon detailed employes, to be employed with-
out respect to locality.
The number, form and subdivision of In-
quiries provided for in section 8 shall be de-
termined by the director of the census.
Sec. 9. That the director of the census shall.
at least six months prior to the date fixed for
commencing the enumeration at the fourteenth
and each succeeding decennial census, desig-
nate the number, whether one or more, pi
supervisors of census for each state, the Dis-
trict of Columbia, Alaska. Hawaii and Porto
Rico, and shall define the districts within
which they are to act; except that the direc-
tor of the census, in his discretion, need not
designate supervisors for Alaskn. Hawaii and
Porto Rico, but in lieu thereof may employ
special agent? as hereinafter provided. The
supervisors shall be appointed by the secre-
tary of commerce upon the recommendation ot
the director of the census: Provided. That
the whole number of supervisors shall not ex.
ceed 400; Provided further. That so far aa
practicable and desirable the boundaries of
the supervisors' districts shall con'orm to the
boundaries of the congressional districts: And
provided further. That if in any supervisor's
district the supervisor has not been appointed
and qualified ninety days preceding the date
fixed for the commencement of the enumera-
tion, or if any vacancy shall occur thereafter,
either through death, removal or resignation
of a supervisor, or from any other cause, the
director of the census may appoint a tem-
porary supervisor or detail an employe of the
census office to act as supervisor for that
district.
Sec. 10. That each supervisor of census shall
be charged with the performance within hifl
own district of the following- duties: To con-
sult with the director of census in regard to
the division of his district into sul divi-
sions most convenient for the purpose of th«
enumeration, which subdivisions or enumera-
tion districts shall be defined and the boun-
daries thereof fixed by the director of the
census; to designate to the director suitable
persons and with his consent to employ such
pers9ns as enumerators, one or more for each
subdivision; to communicate to enumerators
the necessary instructions and directions relat-
ing to their duties: to examine and scrutinize
the returns of the enumerators, and in the
event of discrepancies or deficiencies ap-
pearing in any of the said returns, to
use all diligence in causing the same to be
corrected or supplied; to forward the complet-
ed returns of the enumerators to the director
at such time and in such manner as shill be
prescribed, and to make up and forward to
tfte director the accounts of each enumerator
in his district for service rendered, which ac-
counts shall be duly certified to by the enu-
merator, and the same shall be certified as true
and correct if so found by the supervisor, and
said accounts so certified shall be accepted and
paid by the director. The duties imposed upon
the supervisor by this act shall be performed
in any and all particulars in accordance with
the orders and instructions of the director of
the census.
Sec. 11. That each supervisor of the census
shall, upon the completion of his duties to the
satisfaction of the director of the census, re-
ceive the sum of 81.500, and in addition there-
to SI for each 1,000 or major fraction of
1,000 of population enumerated in his district,
such sums to be in full compensation for all
services rendered and expenses incurred by
him: Provided, That of the above-named com-
pensation a sum not to exceed $600. in the
discretion of the director of the census, may
be paid to any supervisor prior to the com-
pletion of his duties in one or more payments,
as the director of the census may determine:
103
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Prorided further. That in emergencies arising:
in connection with, the work of preparation
for or during: the progress of the enumeration
in his district or in connection with the re-
enumeration of any subdivision, a supervisor
may, in the discretion of the director of the
census, be allowed actual and recessary tra\
eliner expenses and an allowance in lieu of
subsistence not exceeding- $4 per day during
his necessary absence from his usual place of
residence: And provided further, That an ap-
propriate allowance to supervisors for clerk
hire may be made when deemed necessary by
the director of the census.
Sec. 12. That each enumerator shall be
charged with the collection in his subdivision
of the facts and statistics required by the pop-
ulation and agricultural schedules and such
other schedules as the director of the census
may determine shall be used by him in
connection with the census, as provided
in section 8 of this act. It shall be
the duty of each enumerator to visit per-
sonally each dwelling- house in his siibdi-
vision, and each family therein, and each indi-
vidual living- out of a family in any place of
abode, and by inquiry made of the head of
each family or of the member thereof deemed
most competent and trustworthy, or of such
individual living out of a family, to obtain
each and every item of information and all
particulars required by this act, as of date
•Jan. 1 of the year in which the erumeration
shall be made; and in case no person shall be
found at the usual place of abode of sxich
family or individual living out 9f a family,
competent to answer the inquiries made in
compliance with the requirements of this act,
then it shall be lawful for the enumerator to
obtain the required information as nearly as
may be practicable from the family or fam-
ilies or person or persons living nearest to
such place of abode who may be competent to
answer such inquiries. It shall be the duty
also of each enumerator to forward the orig-
inal schedules, properly filled out and duly
certified, to the supervisors of his district as
his returns under the provisions of this act;
and in the event of discrepancies or deficien-
cies being discovered in these - schedules he
•hall use all diligence in correcting or supply-
ing the same. In case an enumeration district
embraces all or any part of any incorporated
borough, villa g-e. town or city, and also other
territory not included within the limits of such
incorporated borough, village, town or city, it
ghall be the duty of the enumerator to clearly
and plainly distinguish and separate, upon the
population schedules, the inhabitants of such
borough, village, town or city from the in-
habitants of the territory not included there-
in. No enumerator shall be deemed Qualified
to enter upon his duties until he has received
from the supervisor of his district to which
he belongs a commission, signed by the super-
Tisor. authorizing him to perform the duties
of enumerator and setting1 forth the boun-
daries of the subdivision within which euch
duties are to be performed.
Sec. 13. That the territory assigned to each
supervisor shall be divided into aa many enu-
meration districts as may be necessary to car-
ry out the purposes of this act, and in the
discretion of the director of the census, two
or more enumeration districts may be given to
one enumerator and the boundaries of all the
enumeration districts shall be clearly described
by civil divisions, rivers, roads, public surveys
or other easily distinguishable lines: Provided.
That enumerators may be assigned for the spe-
cial enumeration of institutions, when desir-
able, without reference to the number of in-
aiates.
Sec. 14. That any supervisor of census may,
With the approval of the director of the cen-
sus, remove any enumerator in his district and
fill the vacancy thus caused or otherwise oc-
curring. Whenever it shall appear that any
portion of the census provided for in this act
has been negligently or improperly taken, and
is by reason thereof incomplete or erroneous,
the director of the census may cause such in-
complete and unsatisfactory enumeration and
census to be amended or made anew.
Sec. 15. That the director of the census
may authorize and direct supervisors of cen-
sus to employ interpreters to assist the enu-
merators of their respective districts in the
enumeration of persons not speaking the Eng-
lish language, but no authorizations shall be
given for such employment in any district un-
til due and proper effort has been made to
employ an enumerator who can speak the lan-
guage or languages for which the services of
an interpreter would otherwise be required. It
shall be the duty of such interpreters to ac-
company the enumerators and faithfully trans-
late the latter's inquiries and the replies
thereto, but in no case shall any such inter-
preter perform the duties of the enumerator
unless commissioned as such by the director
of the census. The compensation of such in-
terpreters shall be fixed by the director of thg
census in advance and shall not exceed $5 per
day for each day actually and necessarily em-
ployed.
Sec. 16. That the compensation of enumera-
tors shall be determined by the director of
the census as follows: In subdivisions where
he shall deem such remuneration sufficient, an
allowance of not less than 2 nor more than 4
cents for each inhabitant; not less than 20
nor more than 30 cents for each establishment
of productive industry reported: not l.rss than
20 nor more than 30 cents for each farm re-
ported; not less than 20 nor more than 60
cents for each irrigation or drainage enterprise
reported, and 10 cents for each barn and in-
closure containing live stock not on farms. In
other subdivisions the director of the census
may fix a mixed rate of not less than f 1 nor
more than $2 per day. and, in addition, an al-
lowance of not less than 1 nor more than 3 cents
for each inhabitant enumerated and not less
than 15 nor more than 20 cents for each
farm and each establishment of productive in->
dustry reported. In other subdivisions per
diem rates shall be fixed by the director ac-
cording to the difficulty of enumeration, hav-
ing special reference to the regions to be can-
vassed and the sparsity of settlement or other
considerations pertinent thereto. The compen-
sation allowed to an enumerator in any such
district shall not be less than $3 nor more
than $6 per day of eight hours' actual field
work, and no payment shall be made for time
in excess of eight hours for any one day. The
subdivisions or enumeration districts to which
the several rates of compensation shall apply
shall be designated by the director of the r->n-
sus at least two weeks in advance of the pnu-
meration. No claim for mileage or traveling
expenses shall be allowed any enumerator in
either class of subdivisions— except in extreme
cases, and then only when authority has been
previously granted by the director of the cen-
sus; and the decision of the director as to the
amount due any enumerator shall be final:
Provided, That within the limits of continental
United States each supervisor to be appointed
or selected under this act shall be an actual
resident of the district, and each enumerator
to be appointed or selected under this act
shall, BO far as practicable, be an actual resi-
dent of the subdivision within which his du-
ties are to be performed: but an enumerator
may be appointed if he be an actual resident
of the city, township or other civil division of
which the subdivision in which his duties are
to be performed is a part.
Sec. 17. That in the event of the death of
any supervisor or enumerator after his ap-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
103
pointment and entrance on his duties, the di-
rector of census is authorized to pay to the
widow or legal representative of such super-
visor or enumerator such sum as he may deem
just and fair for the services rendered by such
supervisor or enumerator.
Sec. 18. That special agents may be ap-
pointed by the director of the census to carry
out the provisions of this act and of the act
to provide for a permanent census office, ap-
proved March 6. 1902. and acts amendatory
thereof or supplemental thereto: and such spe-
cial agents shall perform such duties in con-
nection with the enforcement of said acts as
may be required of them by the director of the
census. The special agents thus appointed
shall receive compensation at rates to be fixed
by the director of the census, such compensa-
tion, however, not to exceed $6 per diem ex-
cept as hereinafter provided: Provided, That
during1 the decennial census period the director
of the census may fix the compensation of not
to exceed twenty-five special agents, who shall
be persons of known and tried experience in
statistical work, at an amount not to exceed
*10 per diem: Provided further. That the di-
rector of the census may in his discretion fix
the compensation of special agents on a piece-
price basis without limitation as to the
amount earned per diem : And provided further.
That the special agents appointed under this
section shall be entitled to necessary travel-
ing: expenses and an allowance in lieu of sub-
sistence not to exceed $4 per diem during nec-
essary absence from their usual places of resi-
dence: but no pay or allowance in lieu of sub-
sistence shall be allowed special agents when
employed in the census office on other than the
special work committed to them, and no ap-
pointments of special agents shall be made for
clerical work: And provided further. That the
director of the census shall have power, and is
hereby authorized, to appoint special agents
to assist the supervisors whenever he may
deem it proper, in connection with the work
of preparation for, pr during the progress of.
the enumeration or in connection with the re-
enumeration of any district or a part thereof:
or he may, in his discretion, employ for this
purpose any of the permanent or temporary
employes of the census office: and the special
agents and employes of the census office so ap-
pointed or employed shall perform such duties
in connection with the enforcement of this act
as may be required of them by the director
of the census or by the supervisors of the dis-
tricts to which they are assigned, and when
engaged in the work of enumeration or re-
enumeration shall have like authority with
and perform the same duties as the enumera-
.tors in respect to the subjects committed to
them under this act.
Sec. 19. That every supervisor, supervisor's
clerk, enumerator, interpreter, special agent, or
other employe shall take and subscribe to an
oath or affirmation, to be prescribed by the
director of the census.: All appointees and em-
ployes provided for in this act shall be ap-
pointed or employed and examined, if examina-
tion is required by this act, solely with ref-
erence to their fitness to perform the duties
required of them by the provisions of this
act and without reference to their political
party affiliations.
Sec. 20. That the enumeration of the popu-
lation required by section 1 of this act shall
be taken as of the first day of January, and it
shall be the duty of each enumerator to com-
mence the enumeration of his district on the
day following, unless the director of the cen-
sus in his discretion shall defer the enumera-
tion in said district by reason of climatic or
other conditions which would materially inter-
fere with the proper conduct of the work; but
in any event it shall be the duty of each enu-
merator to prepare the returns hereinbefore
required to be made and to forward the same '
to the supervisor of his district within thirty
days from the commencement of the enumer-
ation of his district: Provided. That in any
city having 2,500 inhabitants or more under
the preceding census the enumeration of the
population shall be completed within two
weeks from the commencement thereof.
Sec. 21. That if any person shall receive or
secure to himself any fee. reward, or compen-
sation as a consideration for the appointment
or employment of any person as supervisor,
enumerator or clerk or other employe, or shall
in any way receive or secure to himself any
part of the compensation paid to any super-
visor, enumerator, clerk or other employe, he
shall be deemed guilty of a felony and upon
conviction thereof shall be fined not more than
$3.000 and be imprisoned not more than fiv«
years.
Sec. 22. That any supervisor, supervisor's
clerk, enumerator, interpreter, special agent or
other employe who, having taken and sub-
scribed to the oath of office required by this act.
shall, without justifiable cause, neglect or refuse
to perform the duties enjoined on him by this act
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction thereof shall be fined not ex-
ceeding $500: or if he shall, without the au-
thority of the director of census, publish or
communicate any information coming into his
possession by reason of his employment under
the provisions of this act, or the act to rrovide
for a permanent census office or acts amenda-
tory thereof or supplemental thereto, he shall
be guilty of a felony and shall upon convic-
tion thereof be fined not to exceed $1,000 or
be imprisoned not to exceed two years, or both
so fined and imprisoned in the discretion of
the court: or if he shall willfully and know-
ingly swear or affirm falsely as to the truth
of any statement required to be made or sub-
scribed by him under oath by or under author-
ity of this act or of the act to provide for
a permanent census office or acts amendatory
thereof or supplemental thereto, he shall be
deemed guilty of perjury, and unon conviction
thereof shall be fined not exceeding $2,000 or
imprisoned not exceeding five years, or both;
or if he shall willfully and knowingly make
a false certificate or a fictitious return he shall
be guilty of a felony and upon conviction of
either of the last named offenses he shall be
fined not exceeding $2.000 or be imprisoned
not exceeding five years or both; or if any per-
son who is pr has been an enumerator shall
knowingly or willfully furnish or cause to be
furnished, directly or indirectly, to the director
of the census or to any supervisor of the cen-
sus any false statement or false information
with reference to any inquiry for which he
was authorized and required to collect inior-
mation he shall be guilty of a felony and upon
conviction thereof shall be fined not exceed-
ing $2.000 or be imprisoned not exceeding flva
years or both.
Sec. 23. That it shall be the duty of all per-
sons over 18 years of a-ge when requested by
the director of the census or by any supervi-
sor, enumerator or special agent or other em-
ploye of the census office, acting- under the
instructions of the said director, to answer cor-
rectly, to the best of their knowledge, all ques-
tions on the census schedules applying- to them-
selves and to the families to which they belong-
or are related, and to the farm or farms of
which they or their families are the occupants;
and any person over 18 years of age who. un-
der the conditions hereinbefore stated, shall re-
fuse or willfully neglect to answer any of these
questions, or shall willfully give answers that
are false, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction thereof shall be fined not ex-
ceeding $100.
And it is hereby made unlawful for any In-
dividual, committee or other organization of
any kind whatsoever to otter or render to any
104
ALIIANAO AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
supervisor, supervisor's clerk, enumerator, in-
terpreter, special agent or other officer or em-
ploye of the census office engaged in making
an enumeration of population, either directly
or indirectly, any suggestion, advice or assist-
ance of any kind, with the intent or purpose
of causing an inaccurate enumeration, of popu-
lation to be made, either as to the number of
persons resident in any district or community
or in any other respect; and any individual or
any officer or member of any committee or
other organization of any kind whatsoever, who
directly or indirectly offers or renders any such
suggestion, advice, information or assistance,
with such unlawful intent or purpose, shall.be
guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction
thereof shall be fined not exceeding $5.000.
And it shall be the duty of every owner, pro-
prietor, manager, superintendent or agent of a
hotel, apartment house, boarding or lodging
house, tenement or other building, when re-
quested by the director of the census or by any
supervisor, enumerator, special agent or other
employe of the census office, acting under the
instructions of the said director to furnish the
names of the occupants of said hotel, apart-
ment house, boarding or lodging house, tene-
ment or other building, and to give thereto
free ingress and egress to any duly accredited
representative of the census office, so as to
permit of the collection of statistics lor census
purposes, including the proper and correct enu-
meration of all persona having their usual
place of abode in said hotel, apartment house,
boarding or lodging house, tenement or other
building: and any owner, proprietor, manager,
superintendent or agent of a hotel, apartment
house, boarding or lodging house, tenement or
other building who shall refuse or willfully
neglect to give such information or assistance
under the conditions hereinbefore stated shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic-
tion thereof shall be fined not exceeding $500.
Sec 24. That it shall be the duty of every
owner, official, agent, person in charge or as-
sistant to the person in charge, .of any com-
pany, business, institution, establishment, reli-
gious body or organization of any nature what-
soever, to answer completely and correctly to
the best of his knowledge all questions relat-
ing to his respective company, business, institu-
tion, establishment, religious body or other or-
ganization or to records or statistics in his offi-
cial custody, contained on any census schedule
prepared by the director of the census under
the authority of this act or of the act to pro-
vide for a permanent census office, approved
March 6, 1902. or of acts amendatory thereof
or supplemental thereto; and any person violat-
ing the provisions of this section by refusing
or willfully neglecting to answer any of said
questions or by willfully giving answers that
are false, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction thereof shall be fined not ex-
ceeding- $10,000 or imprisoned for a period not
exceeding one year, or both so fined and im-
prisoned.
Sec. 25. Tliat the information furnished un-
der the provisions of the next preceding section
shall be used only for the statistical purposes
for which it is supplied. No publication shall
be made by the census office whereby the data
furnished by any particular establishment can
be identified, nor shall the director of the cen-
eua permit any one other than the. sworn
emplpyes of the census office to examine the
individual reports.
Sec. 26. That all fines and penalties imposed
by this act may be enforced by indictment or
information in any court of competent jurisdic-
tion.
Sec. 27. That the director of the census may
authorize the expenditure of necessary sums
for the actual and necessary traveling expenses
of the officers and employes of the census office.
Including an allowance in lieu of subsistence
not exceeding $4 per day during their neces-
sary absence from the census office or instead
of such an allowance their actual subsistence
expenses, not to exceed $5 per day; and he
may authorize the incidental, miscellaneous
and contingent expenses necessary for the car-
rying out of this act, as herein provided and
not otherwise, including advertising in news-
papers, the purchase of manuscripts, books of
reference and periodicals, the rental of suffi-
cient quarters in the District of Columbia and
elsewhere and the furnishing thereof and ex-
penditures necessary for compiling, printing,
publishing and distributing the results of the
census, the purchase of necessary paper and
other supplies, the purchase, rental, exchange,
construction and repair of mechanical appli-
ances, the compensation of such permanent and
temporary clerks as may be employed under
the provisions of this act and the act establish-
ing the permanent census office and acts amend-
atory thereof or supplemental thereto and all
other expenses incurred under authority con-
veyed in this act.
Sec. 28. That the director of the census is
hereby authorized to make requisition upon
the public printer for such printing as may
be necessary to carry out the provisions of
this act, to wit: Blanks, schedules, circulars,
pamphlets, envelopes, work sheets and other
items of miscellaneous printing; that he is fur-
ther authorized to have printed by the public
printer, in such editions as the director may
deem necessary, preliminary and other census
bulletins and final reports of the results of the
several investigations authorized by this act or
by the act to establish a permanent census
office and acts amendatory thereof or supple-
mental thereto and to publish and distribute
said bulletins and reports.
Sec. 29. That all mail matter, of whatever
class or weight, relating to the census and ad-
dressed to the census office or to any official
thereof and indorsed "Official business, census
office," shall be transmitted free of postage and
by registered mail if necessary and so marked:
Provided, That if any person shall make use of
such indorsement to avoid the payment of
postage or registry fee on his or her private
letter, package or other matter in the mail, the
person so offending shall be guilty of a misde-
meanor and subject to a fine of $300. to be
prosecuted in any court of competent jurisdic-
tion.
Sec. 30. That the secretary of commerce,
whenever he may deem it advisable, on request
of the director of the census, is hereby author-
ized to call upon any other department or
office of the government for information per-
tinent to the work herein provided for.
Sec. 31. That there shall be in the year
1925 and once every ten years thereafter, a
census of agriculture and live stock, which
shall show the acreage of farm land, the acre-
age of the principal crops and the number and
value of domestic animals on the farms and
ranges of the country. The schedule employed
in this census shall be prepared by the director
of the census. Such census shall be taken as
of the first day of January and shall relate
to the preceding calendar year. The director
of the census may appoint enumerators or spe-
cial agents f9r the purpose of this census in
accordance with the provisions of the perma-
nent census act.
Sec. 32. That the director of the census be.
and he is hereby, authorized and directed to
collect and publish for the years 1921. 1923.
1925 and 1927. and for every tenth year after
each of said years, statistics of the products of
manufacturing industries: and the director '.a
hereby authorized to prepare such schedules as
in his judgment may be necessary.
Sec. 33. Tha* the director of the census be.
and he is hereby, authorized, at his discretion
upon the written request of the governor oi
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
105
any state or territory or of a court of record,
to furnish such governor or court of record
with certified copies of so much of the pop-
ulation or agricultural returns as may he re-
quested, upon the payment of the actual cost
of making1 such copies and $1 additional for
certification: and that the director of the cen-
sus is further authorized, in his discretion, to
furnish to individuals such data from the pop-
ulation schedules as may be desired for Ken<.>a
logical or other proper purposes, upon pay-
ment of the actual cost of searching- the rec-
ords and SI for supplying1 a ce.tificatc; and
that the director of the census is authorized
to furnish transcripts of tables and other rec-
ords and to prepare special statistical com
pilations for state or local officials, private
concerns or individuals upon the payment of
the actual cost of such work: Provide], how-
ever. That in no case shall information fur-
nished under the authority of this act be used
to the detriment of the person or persons to
whom such information relates. All moneys
hereafter received by the bureau of the census
in payment for labor and materials used in
furnishing1 transcripts of census records or spe-
cial statistical compilations from such records
shall be deposited to the credit oi the appro-
priation for collecting1 statistics.
Sec. 34. That the act establishing the per-
manent census office, approved March 6. 19U~.
and acts amendatory thereof and supplemental
thereto, except as herein amended, shall remain
in full force. That the act entitled "An act
to provide for the thirteenth and subsequent
decennial censuses." approved July 2. 1909.
and acts amendatory thereof, and all other
laws and parts of laws inconsistent with the
provisions of this act are hereby repealed.
(Approved March 3. 1919.)
JUDICIAL SALARIES.
Section 2 of the act entitled "An act to cod-
ify, revise and amend the laws relating1 to the
judiciary." approyed March 3. 1911. be. and
the same hereby is. amended so as to read as
follows :
"Sec. 2. Each of the district judges, includ-
ing1 the judges in Porto Rico, Hawaii and
Alaska exercising1 federal jurisdiction, shall
receive a salary of 87,600 a year, to be paid
in monthly installments."
Sec. 2. That section 118 of the act aforesaid
be. and the same is hereby, amended to read
as follows:
"Sec. 118. There shall be in the second,
seventh and eighth circuits, respectively, four
circuit judges: in the fourth circuit, two cir-
cuit judges, and in each of the other circuits
three circuit judges, to be appointed by the
president, by and with the advice and consent
of the senate. All circuit judges shall receive
a salary of $8,500 a year each, payable month-
ly. Each circuit judge shall reside within
hi§ circuit. The circuit judges in each circuit
shall be judges of the Circuit Court of Appeals I
in that circuit, and it shall be the duty of
each circuit judge in each circuit to Bit as
one of the judges of the Circuit Court of Ap-
peals in that circuit from time to time accord-
ing to law: Provided. That nothing in this
section shall be construed to prevent any cir-
cuit judge holding District court or otherwise.
as provided for and authorized m other sec-
tions of this act."
Sec. 3. That the judges of the Supreme
court of the District of Columbia shall rec-eive
salaries the same as salaries provided by this
act to be paid to judges of District courts of
the United States, and such salaries shall
be paid as now provided by law. The judges
of the Court of Appeals of the District of
Columbia shall receive salaries the same as
the salaries provided by this act to be paid
to judges of the Circuit Court of Appeals of
the United States, and such salaries shall be
paid aa now provided by law. /
Sec. 4. That section 136 of the act afore-
said be, and the same is hereby, amended so
aa to read as follows: f
"Sec. 136. The Court of Claims established
by act of Feb. 24. 1855. shall be continued.
It shall consist of a chief justice and four
judges, who shall be appointed by the pres-
ident by and with the advice and consent of
the senate, and hold their offices during good
behavior. Each of them shall take an oath to
support the constitution of the United States
and to discharge faithfully the duties of hia
officfc. The chief justice shall be entitled to
receive an annual salary of $8.000. and each
of the other judges an annual salary of
$7,500. payable monthly from the treasury."
Sec. 5. That the judges of the United State*
Court of Customs Appeal shall receive salaries
equal in amount to the salaries provided by
this act to be paid judges of the Circuit Court
of Appeals of the United States, payable
monthly from the treasury.
Sec. 6. That section 260 of the act afore-
said be. and the same is hereby, amended so
as to read as follows:
"Sec 260. That when any judge ol anv
court of the United States, appointed. to hold
his office during good behavior, resigns his
office after having held a commission or com-
missions as judge of any such court or courts
at least ten years continuously, and having at-
tained the age of 70 years, he shall, dvring the
residue of his natural life, receive the salary
which is payable at the time of his resiernri-
tion for the office that he held at the time of his
resignation. But. instead of resigning, any judge
oi her than a justice of the Supreme court,
who is qualified to resign under the foregoing
provisions, may retire, upon the salary <
which he is then in receipt, from regular active
service on the bench, and the president
shall thereupon be authorized to appoint a suc-
cessor; but a judge so retiring may never-
theless be called upon by the senior circuit
judge of that circuit and be by him authorized
to perform such judicial duties in such circuit
aa such retired judge may be willing to under-
take, or he may be called upon by the chief
justice and be by him authorized to. perform
such judicial duties in any other circuit aa
such retired judge may be willing to under-
take or he may be cared upon either by the
presiding judge or senior judge of any other
such court and be by him authorized to per-
form such judicial duties in such court aa
such retired judge may be willing to undertake
"In the event any circuit judge, or district
judge, having so held a commission or com-
missions at least ten years continuously, and
having attained the age of 70 years as afore-
said shall nevertheless remain in office, and
not resign or retire as aforesaid, the president,
if he finds any such judge is unable to dis-
charge efficiently all the duties of his office by
reason of mental or physical disability of per-
manent character, may. when necessary for the
efficient dispatch of business, appoint, by and
with the advice and consent of the senate, an
additional circuit judge of the circuit or dis- .
trict judge of the district to which such dis-
abled judge belongs. -And the judge so retir-
ing voluntarily, or whose mental or physical
condition caused the president to appoint an
additional judge, shnll be held nnd treated as
if junior in commission to the remaining judges
of said court, who shall, in the order of the
seniority of their respective commissions, exer-
cise such powers and perform snch duties as
by law may be incident to seniority. In . dis-
tricts where there may be more than one district
judge, if the judges or a majority of t^-m can-
not agree upon the appointment of officials of
the court to be appointed by such judges, then
the senior .judge shall have the power to make
such appointments.
"Upon the death, resignation or retirement
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
of any circuit or district judg-e. so entitled to
resign, following the appointment of any addi-
tional judg^ as provided in this section, thi
vacancy caused by such death, resignation or
retirement of the said judge so entitled to re-
sign shall riot be filled."
Sec. 7. That this act shall take effect and be
in force on pnd after the first day of the
month next following ita approval. (Approved,
Feb. 25. 1919.)
FEDERAL RESERVE ACT AMENDED.
That that part of the first paragraph of sec-
tion 7 of the federal reserve act, which reads as
follows: "After the aforesaid dividend claims
have been fully met. all tho net earnings ahull
be paid to the United States as a franchise t"X
except that one-half of such net earnings shall
be paid into a surplus fund until it shall
amount to 40 per centum of the paid-in cap-
ital stock of such bank," be amended to read
as follows:
"After the aforesaid dividend claims have
been fully met, the net earnings shall be paid
to the United States aa a franchise tax except
that the whole of such net earnings, including
those for the year ending Dec. 31, 1918.
Bhall be paid into a surplus fund until it shall
amount to 100 per centum of the subscribed
capital stock of such bank, and that there-
" after 10 per centum of such net earnings shall
be paid into the surplus."
Sec. 2. That that part of section 10 of the
federal reserve act whch reads as follows: "The
members of said board, the secretary of the
treasury, the assistant secretaries of the treas-
ury and the comptroller of the currency, shall
be ineligible during the time they are in office
and for two years thereafter to hold any office,
position or employment in any member bank,"
be amended to read as follows:
"The secretary of the treasury and the comp-
troller of the currency shall be ineligible dur-
ing the time they are in office and for two
years thereafter to hold any office, position or
employment in any member bank. The ap-
pointive members of th>e federal reserve board
shall be ineligible during- the time they are in
office and for two years thereafter to hold any
office, position or employment in any member
bank, excepit that this restriction shall not
apply to a member who has served the full
term for which he was appointed."
Sec. 3. That section 11 ol the federal reserve
act as amended by the ac* of Sept. 7. 1916.
be further amended by striking out the whole
of subsection (m) and by substituting1 therefor
a subsection to read as follows:
" (m) Upon the affirmative vote of not less
than five of its members, the federal reserve
board shall have power to permit federal
reserve banks to discount for any member
bank notes, drafts or bills of exchange bear-
ing the signature or indorsement of any on*
borrower in excess of the amount permitted by
section 9 and section 13 of this act. but in no
case to exceed 20 per centum of the member
bank's capital and surplus: Provid-d. how-
ever, that all such notes, drafts or bills of ex-
change discounted for any member bank in
excess of the amount permitted under such
sections shall be secured by not less than a
like face amount of bonds or notes of the
United States issued since April 2i. 1917. or
certificates of indebtedness of the United
States: Provided further, that the provisions
of this subsection (m) shall not be operative
after Dec. 31. 1920."
Sec. 4. That section 5172. revised statutes
of the United States, be amended to read as
follows :
"Sec. 5172. That in order to furnish suit-
able notes for circulation, the comptroller of
the currency shall, under the direction of the
secretary of the treasury, cause plates and
dies to be engraved, in the best manner to
guard against counterfeiting and fraudulent
alterations, and shall have printed therefrom
and numbered such quantity of circulating
notes in blank or bearing engraved signatures
of officers, as herein provided, of the denom-
inations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100,
$500 and $1.000, as may be required to supply
the associations entitled to receive the same.
Such notes shall express upon their face that
they are secured by United States bond's •de-
posited with the treasurer of the United
States, by the written or engraved signatures
of the treasurer and register, and by the im-
print of the seal of the treasury; and shall
also express upon their face the promise of
the association receiving the same to pay on
demand, attested by the written or engraved
signatures of the president or vice-president
and cashier; and shall benr such devices and
such other statements and shall be in euch
form as the secretary of the treasury shall,
by regulation, direct." (Approved March 3,
1919.)
FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES.
Executive order of May 29. 1916.
It Is hereby ordered that national flags and
union jacks for all departments of the govern-
ment, with the exception noted under (a), shall
conform to the following proportions:
Hoist (width) of flng, 1.
Fly (length) of flag, 1.9.
Hoist (width) of union, 7-13.
Fly (length) of union .78.
Width of each stripe, 1-13.
(a). Exception: The colors carried by troops
and camp colors shall be the sizes prescribed for
the military service (army and navy).
Limitation of the number of sizes: With the
exception of colors rnder note (a) the sizes of
flags manufactured or purchased for the govern-
ment departments will be limited to those with
the following hoists:
(1), 20 feet; (2), 19 feet (standard): (3).
14.35 feet; (4), 12.19 feet; (5), 10 feet; (6), 8.94
feet; (7), 5.14 feet; (8), 5 feet; (9), 3.52 feet;
(10), 2.90 feet; (11), 2.37 feet; (12), 1.31 feet.
Union jacks: The size of the jack shall be the
size of the union of the national flag with which
It is flown.
The national flag of the United States now
consists of thirteen alternate red and white
stripes, representing the original thirteen states,
and a blue field on which are forty-eight white
stars arranged In six rows of eight stars each,
representing the forty-eight states now consti-
tuting the nnion. The last two stars were
added In 1912 when New Mexico and Arizona
were officially admitted as states.
Laws are in force In some of the states for-
bidding the desecration or mutilation of the flag
or Its use in any way for advertising purposes.
A federal law forbids the use of the national
flag on trade-marks.
The national flag was officially adopted by
congress June 14, 1777. Accordingly June 14
Is now generally observed as Flag day.
The largest reflecting: telescope In the world
Is that, at the Canadian government laboratory
on Little Sanitch hill, six miles from Victoria.
B. C.. the oblective having a measurement of
seventy-two Inches. The largest refracting tele-
LARGEST TELESCOPES IN THE WORLD.
scope is that at the Yerkes observatory at Wil-
liams Bay, Wis. It has an object glass meas-
uring forty inches. The glass for the Cana-
dian teleseone was made in Belgium and pol-
ished in Pittsburgh. Pa.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1930.
107
FIRST AERIAL FLIGHT ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.
The NC-4, a Curtiss seaplane, wag the first
aircraft to cross the Atlantic ocean under us
own power all the way and the credit lor this
historic event belongs to the United States
navy. The flight was made in May. 1919.
under varied weather conditions, over a course
beginning at Rockaway beach. Long1 Island,
and ending at Plymouth, England, the ocean
crossing proper being from Trepassey bay.
Newfoundland, to Lisbon. Portugal, by way of
the Azores. Lieutenant-Commander AlL-ert C.
Bead, U. S. N., was in command of the craft.
Careful plans far the first cross-ocean flight
were made by the navy department. Destroyers
were stationed at intervals of about fiity miles
along the whole route to assist the flyers in
keeping their course and to come to their
rescue in case of accident. Ample supplies
of gasoline and oil were provid-d at the vari-
ous terminals. The most competent and ex-
perienced men available were selected as com-
manders, pilots, engineers and radio operators
and arrangements for reliable weather reports
were made. Nothing was left undone to- make
the venture a success.
veloped in one of the four engines early in th»
morning- but the journey was continued with,
the other three engines until 2 :50 in the after-
noon, when another motor gave out. Then th«
plane was brought to tha surface of the water
about 100 miles northeast of Cap Cod. The
radio apparatus was also out of order. Th«
sea was calm and the plane was able to pro-
ceed on tha water to Chatham, M'ass.. where
she arrived at 7 a. m.. Friday and laid up for
repairs.
Ona day was spent by the NC-1 and NC-3 in
Halifax and then on Saturday morning. May
10, they resumed the flight with Trepassey
bay. Newfoundland, as the objective. The dis-
tance to be covered was 460 nautical mile*
(529 statute miles). The NC-1 left at 8:44,
and at 9:01 the NC-3 was under way. Lieu-
tenant-Commander Bellinger and his five com-
panions on the NC-1 came through without
any mishap, arriving at Trepassey bay at 4 :14
p. m., and making a perfect "landing." Tha
time of the fl.ght was 6 hours and 56 minute*.
There was some adverse wind, but tha aver-
age speed was a little more than sixty-fiv*
L.New "iork Herald Service. ..
LIEUTENANT-COMMANDER A. C. BEAD AND THE NC-4.
Three of the navy's latest seaplanes, the
NC-1, NC-3 and NC-4. were used in the flight.
The NC-3 was the flagship and was in charge
of Commander John N. Towers, U. S. N,
Lieutenant-Commander Patrick N. Bellinger. 17.
S. N.. had charge of the NC-1 and Lieutenant-
Commander Albert Gushing Read. U. S. N.. of
the NC-4. The start was made from the naval
air station on Rockaway beach opposite Bar-
ren island, L. I., at 9:59 o'clock Thursday
morning. May 8. the fir=t objective being Hali-
fax. N. S.. 540 nautical miles (622 statute
miles) d;stant. The course was along the
south shore of Long island, over Monomy point
to the Massachusetts coast, along that coast
as far as Chatham, thence across the Bay of
Fundy to Yarmouth, N. S.. and then along the
Nova Scotian coast to Halifax. The NC-1 and
the NC-3 a nved at Halifax at 8 o'clock in
the evening, local time, or 7 o'clock New York
time, having covered the 540 nautical miles
in nine hours flat. The weather conditions
were perfect until Nova Scotia was reached.
Then cross winds were encountered, but no
serious delay was pxperienr>»d.
Luck was not with the NC-4 on the first leg
Of the flight. Trouble due to overheating de-
miles an hour. The NC-3 after traveling fifty
miles developed a defective propeller and Corn-
m?.nder Towers turned back to get a new one.
The hydroplane reached the cruiser Baltimoze,
stationed at Halifax, at 11 o'clock. A new
propeller was fitted on in place of the central
propeller, which was shifted to the starboard
shaft, where the trouble had occurred. At
12:40 the plane rose from the water and after
an uneventful flight arrived at Trepassey bay
at 8 o'clock in the evening.
Several days were passed by the plane* in
Trepassey bay in preparing for the longest ley
of the flight — that from Newfoundland to the
Azores, a diatanca of 1,350 miles. In the
meantime the NC-4 at Chatham, Mass.. had
been receiving a complete overhauling and it
wtas Wednesday. May 14. before the flight wa«
rcsumrd by Lieutenant-Cornmanddr Road and
his crew. On that day at 9:16 a. m., Chatham
time, it set out for Halifax. 3^0 miles away,
and with a favoring wind arrived there at 2:11
p. m.. the average speed be ng more than
eig-hty-flve miles an hour. On the following
morning a,t 10 :03. local time, the craft started,
but owing to a slight engine trouble wa»
forced to descend and return, lor repairs. Tk«««
108
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
were speedily effected and at 12:47 p. m. a
fresh start was made. This time all went well
and Trepassey bay was reached at 6:41, Hali-
On Friday evening-. May 16. the three sea-
planes lelt Trepassey bay for the Azores under
g-ood weather conditions. They started almost
simultaneously, the NC-3 at 6:06 New York
time, the NC-4 at 6:07 and the NC-1 at 6:09.
In less than five minutes they had disappeared
from the view of the hundreds of watchers
on shore and were flying rapidly in a south-
easterly direction. F.om that time on until
near the close of the flight they were in touch
by wireless with the score or m9re of navy
patrol ships stationed at regular int2rvals all
the way from Newfoundland to the Azores.
These vessel.? reported to shore stations and
the navy department in Washing-ton was in
touch with the seaplanes almost the whole
Lieutenant-Commander Bead's NC-4! which
had experienced so much trouble in the first
part of the journsy. had all the luck in this
the longest jump of the trip. It l;d almost
from the start and lost sight of the other
planes before midnight. The first part of the
night was dark, but the stars could be seen
end the various destroyers were located by
star shells and searchlights. Badio messages
were sent and received without trouble. An
altitude of between 800 and 1,800 feet was
maintained and though considerable "bumpy"
air was encountered the conditions were gen-
erally favorable and an average spe;d of ninety
knots an haur was made until the wind be-
came less favorable. The moon appeared soon
after midnight, making things look brighter,
and at 5:45 (Greenwich time) dawn cam?.
The men did not sleep at all during the night.
but remained on watoh all the time. They
were supplied with sandwiches, chocolate and
candy and had coffee in thermos bottles. At 8
o'clock fog was encountered and from then
on the plane had to change direction and alti-
tude frequently to avoid cloud banks. At
11 :27 the southern end of Flores island was
sighted and it was found that the airship was
forty-five miles off its course. At 1 :04 p. m.,
the northern end of Fayal island was sighted
a.nd at 1 :23 the craft alighted near the cruiser
Columbia at the port of Horta. Fayal. It had
been decided to make for Ponta Delgada. but
the fog made it inadvisable to continue
farther than Horta. The elapsed time was 15
hours 18 minutes and the average speed 81.7
knots.
In the meantime the NC-1 and the NC-3 had
not been equally fortunate, the fog bringing
disaster to both. On the NC-1. commanded by
Lieutenant-Command ar Patrick N. Bellinger,
everything ran smoothly through the night
and the early morning hours. Then about the
middle of the forenoon thick fog was encoun-
tered. For a time the plane flew above the
clouds, tut nothing could be seen below and
the course was lost. Commander Bellinger de-
cided to come to the surface of the water and
at 13:10 (9:10 a. m. New York time) alighted.
The ocean was very rough and it seemed for
some time as if the NC-1 would go down. It
was badly brttercd. but managed to keep
afloat until ths steamer Ionia came up at
19:20 (3:20 New York time) and took the
imperiled men aboard and brought them to
Horta. The destroyer Fairfax attempted to
salvage the NC-1. but the heavy seas made
towing impossible and the NC-1 finally sank
off the island of Corvo.
Commander Towers' crew in the flagship
NC-3 had an even more thrilling experience
than had that on the NC-1. The first part
of the fl ght was similar to that of the other?.
Bain squalls and rough air were encountered
and after flying for fifteen and a half hours
the commander decided to come down to the
surface of the water to get a sextant observa-
tion. It was discovered too late that the seas
were running s« high that it was impossible
to take the air again. The position of the
plane was sixty miles southeast of the patrol
ships and abput fiity miles south of the island
of Corvo. The high seas damaged the plane
seriously, breaking the lower left wing, the
tail and the lower elevator. The port pontoon
was carried away and for several hours the
situation was very gloomy for Towers and his
men. The waves ran thirty feet high, the
wind was strong) and away from the land and
the water was nearly two feet deep in the
hull. This was Sunday, May 18. The strug-
gle was continued throughout that day and
until the morning of the 19th. when cond tiona
were a little better. The NC-3 managed to
progress along the surface and at 10:21 land
was sighted. It proved to be th3 island of
St. Michael (San Miguel), the largest of the
Azores, on which Ponta Delgada is situated.
The seaplane proceeded slowly along the coast
and finally was seen and reported to the world,
which had become anxious as to the fate of
Commander Towers and his men. Seven miles
out of Ponta Delgada the destroyer Harding
came out and offered assistance, but the NC-4
came into port under her own power. The
craft was too badly damaged to be repaired
and was dismantled.
Both the NC-1 and the NC-3 being- out of
the running, it devolved upon the NC-4 to
win the race alone. It left Horta at 12:40
p. m., Greenwich time, on Tuesday. May 20.
and arrived at Ponta Delgada at 1 :20 p. m.
Here a delay occurred on account of some re-
pairs that had to be made, but chiefly on ac-
count of adverse weather conditions, and it
was not until Tuesday. May 27. that the flight
was resumed. The start was made at 10:18
a. m.. and at 4:02 p. m.. the NC-4 arrived at
the harbor of Lisbon, Portugal. 800 knots
away, and came to a stop near the U. S.
cruiser Boch:ster. The first airplane flight
across the Atlantic had been successfully ac-
complished. The arrival of the NC-4 at Lisbon
was witnessed by thousands of people and was
greeted with ringing of bells and blowing- oi
whistles by all the ships in the harbor. Lieu-
tenant-Commander Be"d and his companions
received hearty congratulations from President
Wilson. Secretary of the Navy Daniels and
many others.
On Friday. May 30. the NC-4 left Lisbon for
Plymouth. England, but engine trouble devel-
oped and a land ng had to be made at the
mouth of the Mondego river. So much time
was lost in making repairs and in waiting for
high tide to enable the craft to rise from the
shallow water that only 225 miles more could
be made before nightfall, when a stop was
made at Ferrol. Spain. Leaving Ferrol at 6:40
the next morning. May 31. the NC-4 crossed
the bay of Biscay and following the French
coast crossed the channel and arrived at Ply-
mouth at 2 :26 p. m. Here the aviators were
accorded another warm greeting by British
naval, military and municipal authorit'es and
representatives of the royal air force. After a
I brief rest aboard the American cruiser Aroos-
took, which had come to meet them. Com-
mander Bead and his comrades were taken
ashore, where they were officially welcomed by
Mayor Brown, who said:
"It is with profound gratitude that I here
to-day on behalf of old Plymouth, from which
the Mayflower sailed 300 years ago. welcome
you after your tremendous and wonderful
flight over the waters separating us. I think
I can speak with the voice of England in ex-
pressing great admiration for your achieve-
ment and in welcoming to these shores our
American cousins. Your flight to-day brings
our two great countries together in the warm-
est fellowship. G-ntlemen. I salute you and
welcome you to England."
At the mayor's suggestion the crew of the
NC-4 stood with him on the M.ayflower stone
to be photographed. On the following day the
aviators went to London, where at the Pad-
dington station they were, met and cheered
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
109
by a tremendous crowd. The British
royal air force joined with American naval
men in London to welcome Commander Read
and his men and, forming a procession, took
them to the Aero club and later to the Hen-
don flying field. In the evening they were
guests of the royal air force at a dinner.
Juno 4 Commanders Towers, Read and Bel-
linger were received by President Wilson in
Paris, who said he was glad to shake hands
with them and to tell them that he. the navy
and all Americans were proud of them. Re-
turning to London on June 5 the American
naval aviators were the guests of Maj.-Gen.
Seely, undersecretary for war, at a luncheon
in the house of commons. The prince of
Wales. Lord Birkenhead. James W. Lowther.
the earl of Reading-. Winston Spencer Churchill
and Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig were
ent.
_jiose on the NC-4. who made the historic
flight across the Atlantic were: Lieutenant-
C9mmander Albert Gushing1 Read, commander;
Lieut. Walter Hinton and Lieut. Elmer F.
Stone, pilots: Ensign Herbert Charles Rodd.
radio operator: Lieut. James L. Breese and
Chief Special Mecharuc E. C. Rhodes, engineers.
Pilots are in hull just forward of g-asoline
Complete sets of instruments provided for
pilots, including one compass for each pilot.
Navigating station is in front end of boat hull.
Navigator is provided with chart board,
charts and ordinary navigating1 instruments,
including compass and sextant.
Complete wireless installation, including tele-
graph and telephone and wireless direction in-
dicator, is provided. System should give a
radius of approximately 300 miles while in
the air and of 100 to 150 miles while on
Electric current is furnished by electric genera-
tor operated by a wind-driven propeller.
Current is delivered to storage batteries. In
addition to operating wireless set. storage
batteries operate complete lighting system for
interior of boat and for wing tip and tail
lights as well as lights for night landing.
Wireless operator and engineer are located in
main after-compartment just aft of gasoline-
tanks. Each is provided with complete in-
strument board.
Cruising speed of boats, about 72 miles per
hour.
Record of Crossing.
Course. Date. •Distance.
Trepassey-Horta May 16-17 1.200
Horta-Fo-nta Delgada M.ay 20 150
Ponta Deigada-Liston May 27 800
Trepassey to Lisbon 2.150
* Nautical miles, t Nautical miles per hour.
Time, t Speed.
15:18 78.4
1:45 86.7
82.1
9:44
26:
47 80.3.
Facts About the Seaplanes.
Wing span from tip to tip. 126 feet.
Upper wing from tip to tip. 114 feet.
Aileron projections beyond wing- tips. 6 feet
on either side.
Lower wing span. 94 feet.
Width of wings. 12 feet.
Distance between wings. 14 feet at center and
12 feet at outer tips of lower wing-.
Over-all length from front end to the rear
end. 68 feet 3% inches.
Length of hull, 44 feet 9 inches.
Wing area. 2.380 square feet.
Weight of flying boat (empty), including-
wireless installation and all navigating in-
struments. 15,100 pounds.
Weight full load flying condition. 28.500
pounds.
Percentage of useful load to total load, that is.
load not a portion of structure or equip-
ment, 47 per cent.
Weight carried per square foot of wing- sur-
face. 12 pounds.
Estimated speed at full load. 79 nautical
miles per hour.
Estimated speed at light load, 84 nautical
miles per hour.
Horsepower of four Liberty engines. 1.600.
Number of gasoline tanks, nine in hull, one
in upper wing- above boat hull.
Capacity of gasoline tanks. 200 gallons for
each hull tank and 90 g-allons for gravity
feed tank in upper wing.
Weight of gasoline system. 6 pounds per gal-
lon of gasoline.
Weight of engines, 825 pounds each.
Weight of boat hull (empty). 2,650 pounds.
Area of ailerons, 265 square feet.
Area of stabilizers. 267.6 'square feet.
Area of elevators. 240.1 square feet.
Area of rudders, 69 square feet.
Displacement of wing- tip pontoons, 1,800
pounds each.
Weight of wing- tip pontoons. 95 pounds each.
Gasoline pumps are wind driven by email
wooden propellers and are in duplicate; an
auxiliary hand-operated gusoline pump is
provided.
Flying control is of the dual control Deper-
dussin system with sid>e-by-side seating-.
Gasoline consumption at cruising speed, about
650 pounds average per hour.
Total gasoline carried, about 11,400 poundr-
Cruising radius without wind, about 1,476
nautical miles.
Lubricating oil capacity, about 900 pounds.
Crew and provisions, about 1,000 ppunds.
Crew, five men — two pilots, one navigator, one
wireless operator and one engineer.
HAWKER-GRIEVE ATTEMPT.
Harry G. Hawker. Australian aviation pilot,
and Lieutenant-Commander Mackenzie Grieve,
navigator, left the east coast of Newfoundland
at 5:55 p. m.. Greenwich tima (1:55 p. m.
New York time), Saturday, May 18, 1919. in
a Sopwith airplane in an attempt to fly across
the Atlantic to Ireland, a distance of approxi-
mately 1,980 miles, for a prize of $50.000
offered by the London Daily Mail. With favor-
able weather they hoped to reach the other
side in about twenty hours. The machine they
used was a Sopwith biplane with a wing-
spread of forty-six feet six inches and a length
from radiator to rudder of thirty-one feet. It
was provided with a Rolls-Royce engine of 375
horsepower capable of turning the crankshaft
1.800 times per minute and carried 340 gal-
lons of gasoline.
Hawker and Grieve arrived at St. John's.
N. F.. March 30. assembled thair machine at
M'ount Pearl, a few miles outside the city, and
then waited for favorable weather. This was
slow in coming, for when conditions were good
locally they were otherwise at saa, or the
reverse was the case. Even when the start
was finally made the reports from the ocean
were not .satisfactory, but Hawker and Grieve
were tired of waiting1 and in addition they
wanted to reach England before the American
naval flyers could do so. They mad-3 a
successful start and disappeared on the east-
ern horizon. From Sunday. May 18, to
Sunday, May 25. nothing was heard of the
daring aviators and they were griven up as
lost. Then the world was electrified by the
announcement that they had been picked UP
alive and well, some 1.100 miles out from
Newfoundland and 780 miles from Ireland by
the little Danish freight steamer Mary, bound
110
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOR 1920.
from New Orleans and Norfolk for Aarhuus,
Denmark. Having- no wireless outfit aboard,
ths captain ol the Mary could not inform the
world ol the rescue until hie ship was opposite
the Butt of Lewis, in the Orkneys north of
Scotland, where the information was signaled
to the shore that the missing- men were
aboard. A little later the British admiralty
•ent out a destroyer which landed the aviators
at Thurso, Scotland. May 26. On the follow-
ing1 day they arrived in London and were re-
ceived with great enthusiasm and shown every
honor. They were taken to Buckingham
palace, where "King George conferred on them
the insignia of the air force cross. At a
luncheon given in their honor by the Daily
Mail in London May 28 Mr. Hawker made a
speech in the course of which he referred to
the feat ol the American naval aviators in
a manner which caused some resentment. He
afterward joined in greeting1 the Americans
on their arrival in London and explained that
his remarks had been misunderstood. This re-
stored goxxl feeling1 and closed the incident.
In telling of their experiences on the flight
Hawker and Grieve said they encountered ioe
immediately aft°r leaving Newfoundland. They
rose to a hedg-ht of about 15,000 feet, but
FIRST CROSSING OF ATLANTIC BY
A DIRIGIBLE.
The British rigid dirigible balloon, the R-34.
was the first craft of its kind to cross the
Atlantic ocean. It started from East Fortune.
Scotland, at 1 :48 a. m.. July 2. 1919, and
moored at Roosevelt field. Mineola. L. I., at
9:54 a. m.. July 6. The distance covered was
about 3.2OO miles and the time consumed was
108 hours. The craft carr.td a crew of 31
persons, including1 a stowaway. The return
trip was begun at 11 :55 p. m., July 9. and
ended at Pulham. England, at 7:02 a. m.. July
13. The distance traveled on the eastward
journey was about 3.000 miles and the time
consumed 79 hours. The faster time made
was due to better weather conditions.
On the outward journey the craft had a fol-
lowing wind for a time and g-ood progress was
made over Scotland and Ireland, the average
altitude maintained being 1.200 feet. After-
ward to avoid clouds the R-34 ascended to
4.000 and 5,000 feet altitude. When off New-
foundland an area of depression was encoun-
tered, with adverse winds, necessitating- the use
of all the engines and cutting into the reserve
supply of petrol. On July 4, at 12:50 p. m..
[Copyright. Western Newspaper Union.]
THE R-34. THE FIRST DIRIGIBLE BALLOON TO FLY ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.
even here they encountered a heavy storm of
wind and rain. Alter they had been five and
a half hours out they had trouble with the
water circulation system for cooling the engine
and they were compelled to fly at a lower alti-
tude. This improved things for a time, but
at the end of ten and a half hours from the
start the trouble increased and they decided
that they must change their course so as to
get above the main shipping route. After
flying two and a half hours longer they sighted
the Danish steamer and came to the surface
of the sea. This was rough and it was an
hour and a half before they were rescued.
The airplane was abandoned where it alighted
in latitude 50:20. longitude 29:30. The under-
carriage had been dropped soon after leaving
Newfoundland to lessen the wind pressure on
the machine.
When Hawker and Grieve started on their
flight another team of British airmen. Capt.
Frederick P. Raynham, pilot, and Charles W.
F. Morgan, navigator, attempted to follow
their example, but the Martinsyde machine
upon which they pinned their hopes was
overloaded with gasoline and. instead of ris-
ing-, it plunged into the ground and was
•wrroke<!. Both men were injured, thougrh not
seriously.
the navigators caught their first sight of land
far ahead and Newfoundland was dimly seen
in the fog. The crossing from Scotland to
Newfoundland through fog- and squalls had
been made in 59 hours.
When Cape Canso. Nova Scotia, was reached
at 7 a. m., July 5, severe head winds were
encountered. These were avoided to some
extent by changing the course and better
progress was made. The fuel began to run
low. but it was decided to continue on until
the destination was reached, if there was any
chance of doing so. Good fortune and the
skill of the navigators triumphed and the
voyage wa>s completed without mishap. The
first passenger to land was Maj. John E. M.
Pritchard, who reached the ground after a
parachute jump of 2.000 feet.
The officers who made this adventurous first
trip in a dirigible balloon across the Atlantic
were Bng.-Gen. E. M. Maitland. senior officer
of the British air fleet, who traveled as an
admiral does in his flagship: Maj. G. H. Scott,
commanding officer: Capt. G. S. Greenland,
second officer: Lieut. H. F. Luck, third officer;
Lieut. J. D. Shotter. engineer officer; Lieut. R.
F. Durrant. wireless officer: Maj. J. E. M.
Pritchard. Maj. G. G. H. Cook. Capt. Guy
Harris, weather expert, and Lieutenant -Com-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920
111
[Scientific American.]
ROUTE OF THE E-34 FROM: EUROPE TO THE UNITED STATES.
mander Zachary Lansdowne, of the United
States navy, who traveled -a.e a passenger and
representative of America.
Description of the E-S4.
Type, rigid dirigible.
Length, 639 feet.
Beam, 79.
Height. 90 feet.
Gondolas, 5.
Motors. 5 (Sunbeam-Maori).
Gas capacity. 2.200.00O cubic feet.
Lifting1 capacity, 30 ton».
Petrol carried, 4,000 g-allons.
Oil carried. 2,070 pounds.
Sp«ed. 40 to 70 miles per hour.
Radius of wireless, 1.500 miles.
Cruising: radius, 5,000 miles.
Cost. $2,500,000.
FIRST NONSTOP FLIGHT ACROSS THE
ATLANTIC.
The first nonstop airplane flight across the
Atlantic ocean was mad^ on June 14-15, 1919,
by the British aviators Capt. John Alcock and
Lieut. Arthur Whitten Brown, in a Vickers-
Vimy biplane. The course was from a point
near St. John's. Newfoundland, to Cliidsn,
Ireland, a distance of approximately 1,880
miles. The coast line of Newfoundland was
crossed at 5:28 p. m.. Saturday. June 14, and
the Irish coast line at 9 :25 a. m. on Sunday,
June 15. The flight from coast to coast thus
took 15 hours and 57 minutes. The great
epeed was made possible by a favorable wind
all the way across, although other conditions
were extremely unfavorable. A great deal of
fogr was encountered, tog-ether with gleet, hail
and snow. The air epeed indicator jammed
through sleet freezing- on it. In telling- of his
experiences Capt. Alcock said:
"After the firet hour of the flight we got
into clouds and mist. We weie between layers
of clouds and could see neither sea nor sky.
One lot of clouds was 2,000 feet up and one
6,000 feet. It was impossible to get our drift.
So we flew on our original course until 3
a. m.. when we struck a patch of clear sky
and Lieut. Brown got the position. We went
on steadily until the weather started to ret
thick again about 4 or 5 a. m. We could see
nothing- and the bank of fog- was extremely
thick. When the speed indicator jammed I
did not know exactly what I was doing-. We
did some comic stunts then. I believe, we
looped the loop and by accident we did a steep
spiral. It was very alarming-. We had no
sense of horizon. We came down quickly
from 4,000 feet until we saw the water very
near. That gave me my horizon again and
I was all right.
"The airspeed indicator had begun to work
as the result of the deep dive. We climbed
after that and got on fairly w.ll until we got
to 6,000 feet, when we found fog- once more.
We went higher and saw the moon and one
or two stare. We never saw the sun rise. We
climbed up to ll.OOO feet and encountered
hail and snow. The machine was covered
with ice and it remained like that until an
hour before we landed. My radiator shutter
and Water temperature indicator were- covered
with ice for four or five hours and Lieut.
Brown had to climb up continually to chip
the ice off with a knife. It was a terrible
trip. We never saw a boat and got no wire-
less messages at all.
SiiOWlNU ROUTES OF THE NC-4. ALCOCK AND BROWN AND HAWKER
AND GRIEVE.
112
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
-We eaw land about 9:15 a. m. when we
suddenly discovered the coast. It was great
to do that and we were very much pleased
that our job was over. We saw two little
islands which must have been Eashal and
Turbot. We came along- and got to Ardbear
bay and when we saw the wireless mast we
knew exactly where we were. We flew along
Sd looked for a place to land We passed
over Clifderv village and saw what looked like
a lovely meadow, but on landing- we found it
to be, a bog and the plane was badly dam-
Alcock and Lieut. Brown were given
$50.000) prize offered by the
ay London for the first trans-
atlantic flight and received the congratulations
of King ofoige Lord Northcliffe, Hawker and
Grieve Commander Read and many other
the £10.000 (
Daily Mail of
tTwnfX' the Atlantic wa*
crossed was a Vickers-Vimy machine with two
Rolls-Royce 350 horsepower engines, an over-
all length of 42 feet 8 inches, an overall
height of 15 feet 3 inches and a span of 67
feet It was one of the regular standard type
of British bombing planes with an approxi.
won the D S. C. and held the record for long
.ved at the Quidividi
's N. P.. at 11:45
LOSS OF U. S. DIRIGIBLE C-5.
The United States navy dirigible C-5. in
command of Lieutenant -Commander Emery W.
Coll. left Montauk Point. N. 3T., May 14.
1919. at 8 a. m., and arri
anchorage near St. John's
a. m. the next day. Late in the afternoon
of the same day it was torn from its moor-
ings with no one aboard and blown out to
soa. It was not recovered. It had been the in-
tention to cross the Atlantic either by way of
the Azores or directly to the British isles
and the plan would probably have been car-
ried out but for the accident.
FIRST CROSSINGS OF ATLANTIC OCEAN.
By sailing vessel— The Santa Maria. Spanish,
commanded by Christppher Columbus. Time.
70 days. (The Atlantic between Norway and
Greenland was crossed by Norwegian sailors
before the year 1000.)
By steamship — The Savannah, American. Sa-
vannah to Liverpool, May 24 to June 20.
1819. Time. 25 days.
By hydroplane — The NC-4. American, from
Trepassey, N. F.. to Lisbon. Portugal. May
16-17. 1919. Flying time, 26 hours 47
minutes.
By airplane — Vickers-Vimy biplane. British.
from St. John's. N. F., to Clifden. Ireland.
June 14-15. 1919. Time. 15 hours 57
minutes.
By rigid dirigible— The R-34. British, from.
East Fortune, Scotland, to Long Island.
N. Y. Time. 108 hours.
Sowei&oUandr in" 1886."of America^ 'pa^Jftl:
In the war he was an observer for the royal
flying corps and was wounded and taken pris-
oner by the Germans.
ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE PREMIER CLEMENCEAU
One of the sensations of the peace confer-
ence-in Paris was the attempt made by an an-
archist Emile Cottin, to assassinate Premier
Georges Clemenceau. The clearest account of
the crime was contained in the charge brought
against Cottin in the trial which was held be-
foYe the Third Court-martial on March 14,
1919. The accusation was as follows:
"On Feb. 19 last the people of Paris learned
with emotion shared by France and the whole
world that an abominable outrage had been
perpetrated on M.. Chmenceau. About 8:45
a. m. the prime minister .left his home. 8
Rue Franklin, for the ministry of war. On
the box by the chauffeur was the staff secre-
tary. M. Decaudin. At the angle of the Boule-
vard Delesscrt. a short distance away, the ca-r
veered to the left. At that moment a f a r
young man of middle stature, wearing a mack-
intosh and a soft felt hat, sprang from be-
hind a shelter and fired a revolver of large
caliber at the car.
"The first bullet pierced both the windows
and hit a policeman on the opposite pavement.
The chauffeur put on full speed, while M.
Decaudin jumped off to arrest the assassin.
who continued to run alter the car, firing nine
more bullets and only stopping when he had
emptied the revolver. All these shots struck
the car the first three slanting and the rest
in the rear. The third bullet hit M. Clemen-
ceau piercing his overcoat above the left
shoulder, but it got no farther than his shirt.
The prime minister had the presence of mind
to crouch down, and this probably saved his
life. The projectiles were deadened by having
to traverse wood and upholstering, and were
stopped by the overcoat, but the fourth— the
one that wounded M. Clemenceau — was fired
slantwise and struck him in the shoulder.
traveling from
shoulder-blade.
left to right towards the
The assailant -was arrested and taken to
the police station, whilst the car returned
with M. Clemenceau <o the Rue Franklin.
Medical aid was prompt, but it was impossi-
ble to diagnose the wound until it had been
examined radiographically. This was done on
the following morn.ng. and it was found that
a bullet had lodged in the lung. Thanks to
his energy and robust constitution, M. Clem-
enceau recovered Quickly, and a week later,
on Feb. 26, took his first drive; and the next
day he resumed his labors at the ministry of
war and the peace conference.
"On being examined, the assailant gave his
name as Emile Cottin, born at Creil. March
14, 1896. a discharged sokLer and a carpenter
by trade. He is a militant libertaire. well-
known in anarchist circles under the name of
Milou. and has already been sentenced three
times for antimilitarism and for inciting sol-
dier* to disobedience. He at once admitted
premeditation, and did not regret his crime.
He had been watching the Boulevard Deles-
sert since 7 o'clock in the morning, and had
in his pocket a clip with ten bullets and also
four loose bullets. When asked for his mo-
tives for his act, he replied calmly that he
was an individualist anarchist, and had re-
solved to suppress M. Clemenceau as injurious
to the future of the proletariat. This state-
ment he repeated to Capt. Bouchardson. the
reporter of the Third Court-martial, who has
had the case in hand, and who has taken only
a fortnight to make investigations with re-
gard to piossible accomplices and the sanity
of Cottin, and to examine witnesses."
The proceedings before the court-martial
were brief, as the defendant admitted that he
had tried to kill the premier. He said he was
an antimilitarist, an antipatriot and aga'nst
all constituted authority. He gloried in the
deed he had done and declared that he fa-
vored bolshevism. Capt. Mornet, the prose-
cutor, asked for the death penalty on the
ground that there had been premeditation and
no mitigating circumstances. By a unani-
mous vote the members of the court sentenced
Cottin to death.
On April 8 President Poincare, on the rec-
ommendation of 'M. Clemenceau, commuted the
sent nee to ten years' imprisonment.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
113
THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST LAW.
Passed by the 51st congress and approved July 2. 1890.
Section 1. Every contract, combination in
the form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy
in restraint of trade or commerce among- the
several states or with foreign nations is hereby
declared to be illegal. Every person who shall
make any such contract or engage in any such
combination or conspiracy shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction
thereof shall be punished by fine not exceeding
$5,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one
year, or by both said punishments, in the dis-
cretion of the court.
Sec. 2. Every person who shall monopolize
or attempt to monopolize or combine or con-
spire with any person or persons to monopo-
lize any part of the trade or commerce among
the several states or with foreign nations shall
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and oil
conviction thereof shall be punished by fine
not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment not
exceeding one year, or by both said punish-
ments, in the discretion of the court.
Sec. 3. Every contract, combination in form
of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint
of trade or commerce in any territory of the
United States or of the District of Columbia,
or in restraint of trade or commerce between
any such territory and another, or between
any such territory or territories and any state
or states or the District of Columbia or with
foreign nations, or between the District of
Columbia and any state or states or foreign,
nations, is hereby declared illegal. Every per-
son who shall make any such contract or en-
gage in any such combination or conspiracy
shall be deemed g-uilty of a misdemeanor, and
on conviction thereof shall be punished by fine
not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment not
exceeding- one year, or by both said punish-
ments, in the discretion of the court.
Sec. 4. The several Circuit court- of the
United States are hereby invested with juris-
diction to prevent or restrain violations of this
act; and it shall be the duty of the reveral
district attorneys of the United States, in
their respective districts, under the direction
of the attorney -general, to institute proceedings
in equity to prevent and restrain such viola-
tions. Such proceedings may be by way of
petition setting forth the case and praying- that
such violation shall be enjoined or otherwise
prohibited. When the parties com lained of
shall have been duly notified of such petition
the court shall proceed as soon as may be to
the hearing and determination of the case;
and pending such petition and before final de-
cree the court may at any time mako such
temporary restraining order or prohibition as
shall be deemed just in the premises.
Sec. 5. Whenever it shall appear to the court
before which any proceeding under section 4
of this act may be pending that (the ends of
justice require that other parties should be
brought before the court, the court may cause
them to be summoned, whether they reside in
the district in whi^'i the court is held or
not: and subpoenas to that end may be served
in any district by the marshal thereof.
Sec. 6. Any property owned under any con-
tract or by any combination or pursuant to
any conspiracy (and being the subject thereof)
mentioned in section 1 of this act and being in
the course of transportation from one state to
another or to a foreign country shall be for-
feited to the United -States and may be seized
and condemned by like proceedings as those
provided by law for the forfeiture, seizure and
condemnation of property imported into the
United States contrary to law.
Sec. 7. Any person who shall be injured in
his business or property by any other person
or corporation by reason of anything forbid-
den or declared unlawful by this act may sue
therefor in any Circuit court of the United I for national purposes."
States in the district in which the defendant
resides or is found, without respect to the
amount in controversy, and shall recover three-
fold the damages by him sustained and the
cost of suit, including a reasonable attorney's
fee.
Sec. 8. That the word "person" or "per-
sons" wherever used in this act be deemed to
include corporations and associations existing-
under or authorized by the laws of either the
United States, the laws of any of the terri-
tories, the laws of any state or the laws of
any foreign country.
THE MONROE AND DRAGO DOCTRINES.
The "Monroe Doctrine" was enunciated by
President Monroe in his message to congress
Dec. 2. 1823. Referring- to steps taken to ar-
range the respective rights of Russia, Great
Britain and the United States on the north-
west coast of this continent, the president went
on to say:
"In the discussions to which this interest has
given rise, and in the arrangements by which
they may terminate, the occasion has been
deemed proper for asserting-, as a principle in
which the rights and interests of the United
States are involved, that the American conti-
nents, by the free and independent condition
which they have assumed and maintained, are
henceforth not to be considered as subjects for
future colonization by any European power.
* * * We owe it. therefore, to candor and
to the amicable relations existing- between the
United States and those powers to declare that
we should consider any attempt on their part
to extend their system to any portion of this
hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and
safety. With the existing- colonies or depend-
encies of any European power we have not
interfered and shall not interfere. But with
the g-overnments who have declared their in-
dependence and maintain it, and whose inde-
pendence we have, on great consideration and
on just principles, acknowledged, we could not
view any interposition for the purpose of op-
pressing- them or controlling in any other man-
ner their destiny by any European power in
any other light than as the manifestation of
an unfriendly disposition toward the United
DRAGO DOCTRINE.
When in the winter of 1902-03 Germany.
Britain and Italy blockaded the ports of Ven-
ezuela in attempt to make the latter country
settle up its debts Dr. L. F. Drago, a noted
jurist of Argentina, maintained that force can-
not be used by one power to collect money
owing to its citizens by another power. Prom-
inence was given to the contention by the fact
that it was officially upheld by Argentina and
favored by other South American republics.
The principle embodied has become generally
known as the "Drago doctrine."
LODGE RESOLUTION.
In connection with the reported attempt of»
Japan to obtain land for the establishment of
a naval base in Magdalena bay, on the west-
ern coast of Mexico, the senate of the United
States adopted the following- resolution Aug.
2. 1912:
"Resolved. That when any harbor or other
place in the American continents is so situ-
ated that the occupation thereof for naval or
military purposes might threaten the com-
munications or the safety of the United States,
the government of the United States could not
see without grave concern the possession oi
such harbor or other place by any corppration.
or association which has such relation to
another government, not American, as to give
that government practical power of control
114
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1920.
DEATH OF ANDREW CARNEGIE.
Andrew Carnegie, multimillionaire and phi-
lanthropist, died at his summer home. Shadow
Brook, at New Lenox. Mass., at 7:10 o'clock
on the morning of Monday. Aug. 11. 1919.
after an illness of three days from bronchial
pneumonia. He was born on Nov. 25. 1835,
at Dunfermline, Scotland, and was therefore
at the time of his death in his 84th year. Mr.
Carnegie came with his father to America in
1846 and gradually worked his way up from
bobbin boy in a Pittsburgh linen mill to a
steel manufacturer possessing the second larg-
est fortune in America and one of the largest
in the world. Before going into the steel busi-
ness he was a telegraph operator, manufac-
turer of sleeping- cars and an investor in oil
properties. Becoming interested in building
iron bridges, he united with Henry Phipps and
Thomas Miller in making structural iron. In
1868 he introduced the Bessemer steel process
in the United Slates and this led to his estab-
lishing, in partnership with others, seven large
steel plants in Pittsburgh and vicinity, these
being subsequently incorporated into the Car-
negie Steel company. In 1901 he sold out to
the United States Steel company, the corn-
bitted plants bringing $420,000.000. His per-
sonal fortune at that time was estimated at
nearly $500.000.000 and at the time of his
death it was estimated that the fortune still
stood at about that figure in spite of the fact
that up to June 1. 1918. he had given away
or made grants amounting to nearly $350.-
700.000.
According to a statement issued by the Car-
negie Endowment for International Peace the
arilts and grants by Andrew Carnegie and the
Carnegie Corporation of New Yorls up to June
1. 1918. aggregated $350.695.360. The bulk
of the amount, or $288,743.360, represented
gifts within the United States. No gifts and
donations made since June 1. 1918. were em-
braced in the computation, but it was explained
960.364.808
20,363.010
6.248.309
125.000.000
29.250.000
26,719,380
22.300,000
10.540,000
10,000.000
10.000.000
10.000.000
4.000.000
8.750.000
2,025.000
1,500.000
1,000.000
Free public library buildings
[2.811J
Colleges-
Library buildings. $4.065, 699.27
Other buildings... 4,672.186.92
Endowment 9,977.588.92
Other purposes... 1.647.535.00
Total colleges
Church organs [7.689]
Carnegie Corp. of New York
Carnegie Foundation for Advance-
ment of Teaching- [including1
$1.000.000 to Teachers' Insur-
ance and Annuity association] .
Carnegie institute [including $13,-
£ 31. 431 Carnegie Inst. of Tech-
nology]
Carnegie Inst.. of Washington...
Carnegie hero funds
Carnegie endowment for interna-
tional peace
Scottish univereit'es* trust
United Kingdom trust
Steel workers' pensions
Dunfermline trust
Church Peace union
Hague Peace palace
Endowments for institutes at
Braddock, Pa.: Homestead. Pa.:
and Duquesne. Pa
Int'l Bureau of Amer. Bepub-
lies [Pan.-Am-r. bldg.] ......... $850.000
Engineers' btJlding .............. 500.000
King- Edward's hosp. fund ........ 500,000
Church 'Pension fund .............. 324,744
Simplified spelling- boaxds ......... 280.000
Central American Peace palace
Lcourt of justice] .............. 200.000
Study of methods of American-
ization ........................ 190,000
Koch institute, Berlin ............. 120,000
New York Zoological society ..... 118.000
New York Aesociat-om for the
Blind ........................... 114,000
American Library association ---- 100,000
St. Andrew's society .............. 100,000
Iron and Steel Inst.. London ...... 89.000
Pittsburgh Kingsley House aeso-
cdation ........................ 79.000
Northampton. Mass.. Home Cul-
ture club ...................... 77.000
Foreign students' friendly rela-
tionf* committee ............... 70.000
Sorbonne [Mine. Cure fund] ..... 250.000
Scots' Charitable society. Boston,
Mass ........................... 30.000
War grants—
Red Cross ............ $1.500.000
32 cantonment li-
brary bldVs ........ 320,000
Knights of Columbus 250.000
Y. M. C. A ......... :. 250.000
National Research
Council ............. 150.000
Nan Security league) 150.000
*• vv<rV> A----^ ...... J-UU.ouu
War Camp Com-
Vrn^inlt?' -i ....... J'"i °Q.QQO
National Bo a rd of
M£i\oa11 Examiners. 22.500
,,. Total warr ^rant8 . • • vy • • 2.792.500
Miscellaneous [compr.sing Na-
t"«al Civic federation Bureau
1,050.900
ity Organization society. Ora-
torio society. Boy Scouts of
America. Harwick mine disaster
relief fund, etc.J .................
Grand total 350.695,653
Of the above total $288.743.360 constitute
gifts within the United States.
Of the total amount $49.818.450 had beem
appropriated from the revenue of Carnegie
Corporation of New York.
Mr. Carnegie was survived by his wife, born
Louise Whitfield: his daughter Margaret, wife
of Ensign Roswcll Miller; three nephews,
Andrew. Morris and William C. Carnegie of
New York, •ind a niece. Mrs. Ricketson of
Boston. The funeral took place- at Shadow
Brook, the summer home in which he died,
and the burial at Sleepy Hollow cemetery.
Tarrylown. N. Y.
Because not only of his philanthropic activ-
ity but on account of his literary efforts Mr.
Carnegie was honored with degrees by insti-
tutions of learning and was decorated by
France and Holland. Besides a number of
magazine articles Mr. Carnegi* wrote sevem
books: "An American Four-in-Hand in Great
Britain" (1883). "Around the World" (1884).
"Triumphant Democracy" and "The Gospel of
Wealth." "The Empire of Business." "The Life
of James Watt." and "Problems of To-day."
CROPS ON IRRIGATED FARMS.
Tear. Acres. Value.*
1910 475.000 $12.500000
1911 560.000 13.000.000
1912 645.000 14,500.000
1913 700.000 16.000.000
»* Value of crops.
Year. Acres. Value.*
1914 770.000 $16.500000
1915 857.000 19.000.000
1916 1.010.000 35.000.000
1917 1.030,000 67,000,000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
US
Theodore Roosevelt, twenty-sixth president
of the United States, died at his home on
Sagamore Hill. Oyster Bay NY at 4:15
o'clock on the moraine of Jan. 6. 1919.
end came while he was asleep and was due
DEATH OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
. suffering from an
attack of inflammatory rheumatism for about
eood .Pirit, and
4am. his man. who occupied an
room noticed that, while sleeping quietly. Col.
Roosevelt's breathing was becoming: very
ied almost instantly, without awaken-
inff from what seemed to be a natural sleep.
T& cause of his dea^h -as^embolus.
"DR." JOHN' H. RICHARDS.
"DR. JOHN F. HART WELL."
Of Dutch ancestry, Theodore Roosevelt was
born in New York city Oct. 27, 1858, eon of
Theodore and Martha Bulloch Roosevelt. He
was graduated from Harvard university in
SSo and in 1882. 1883 and 1884 was elected
to the New York legislature. After this he
spent some time in North Dakota on his
ranches, dividing his time between hunting and
literary work. President Harrison in 1889 ap-
pointed him a United States civil service com-
missioner, an office which he held until he
became police commissioner in New York city
in 1895. President McKmley in 1897 made
him assistant secretary of the navy. In the
Spanish-American war he was lieuten.nt-
colonel of the Rough Riders' regiment, of
which Leonard Wood was colonel
From Jan. 1, 1899, to Dec. 31, 1900. he
was governor of New Y.rk. In November,
1900 he was elected to the Vice-presidency
of the United States, and on the death of
William McKinley, Sept. 14. 1901. succeeded
him as president. On Nov. 8 1904 he was
elected president of the United States by a
popular vote amounting to 56.41 per cent o.
the total— the largest ever received by any
candidate for the office. For his efforts in
bringing about peace between Russia and
jipanhe was awarded the ITobel peace prize
in 1906. In 1912 he was tb j candidate of
the progressive party for another term as
president, but was defeated. Though nomi-
nated by the same party for the presidency in
1916 he declined and supported Charles E.
In 1909-1910 he made a hunting trip to
Africa, and in 1914 went on an exploring
expedition in the interior of Brazil, in the
course of which he discovered a new tribu-
tary of the Madeira river, the stream being
subsequently named "Rio Teodore" by the
Brazilian government in his honor. Col.
Roosevelt wrote many books and magazine
articles dealing chiefly with natural history,
biography and politics. The Roosevelt family
belonged to the Dutch Reformed church, but
he was also an attendant at Episcopal serv-
ices. At Oy.ster Bay he and his family at-
tended Christ Protestant Episcopal church.
the pastor of which, the Rev. George E. Tal-
mage. conducted the funeral services on Jan.
8. These were of an extremely simple char-
acter. in accordance with his own and Mrs.
Roosevelt's wishes. He was buried in Youngs
Memorial cemetery on a knoll overlooking
Oyster Bay cove.
Theodore Roosevplt was survived by his
•wife, formerly Edith Kermit Carow: his
daughter by his first wife, Mrs. Alice Long-
worth; his daughter, Mfs. Ethel Derby, and
three sons. Theodore, Kermit and Archibald.
His youngest son, Quentin. was killed while
serving as an aviator in France, July 14, 1918.
Messages of sympathy and condplence were
received by Mrs. Roosevelt from distinguished
men and women in all parts of the world.
President Wilson, who was in Paris in connec-
tion with the peace conference, cabled a per-
sonal dispatch to Mrs. Roosevelt, and als«
caused the following proclamation to be is-
sued by the state department in Washington,
D. C.:
"Woodrow Wilson, president of the United
States of America.
"A proclamation to the people of the United
States:
"It becomes my sad duty to announce offi-
cially the death of Theodore Roosevelt, presi-
dent of the United States from Sept. 14, 1901.
to March 4, 1909. which occurred at his home
at Sagamore Hill. Oyster Bay, N. Y., at 4:15
o'clock on the morning of Jan. 6, 1919.
"In his death the United States has lost on«
of its most distinguished and patriotic citizens,
who had endeared himself to the people by
his strenuous devotion to their interests and
to the public interests of his country.
"As president of the police board of his
native city, as member of the legislature and
governor of his state, as civil service commis-
sioner, as assistant secretary of the navy, as
vice-president and as president of the United
States, he displayed administrative powers of
a signal order and conducted the affairs of
these various offices with a concentration of
effort and a watchful care which permitted n«
divergence from the line of duty he had defi-
nitely set for himself.
"In the war with Spain he displayed singu-
lar initiative and energy and distinguished
himself among the commanders of the army
in the field. As president he awoke the na-
tion to the dangers of private control which,
lurked in our financial and industrial systems.
It was by thus arresting the attention and
stimulating the purpose of the country that
he opened the way for subsequent necessary
and beneficent reforms.
"His private life was characterized by a
simplicity, a virtue and an affection worthy of
all admiration and emulation by the people
of America.
"In testimony of the respect in which hi»
memory is held by the government and people
of the United States. I do hereby direct that
the flags of the white house and the several
departmental buildings be displayed at half
staff for a period of thirty days, and that
suitable military and naval honors, under or-
ders of the secretaries of war and navy, be
rendered on the day of the funeral.
"Done this 7th day of January, in the year
of our Lord 1919. and of the independence of
the United States of America the 143d.
"By the president: WOODROW WILSON.
"Frank L. Polk, Acting- Secretary of State."
CAPITAL, PUNISHMENT EN THE UNITED
STATES.
Capital punishment prevails in all of the
states of the union except Arizona. Kansas.
Maine, Minnesota. North Dakota. Oregon,
Rhode Island. Washington and Wisconsin. Im
Michigan the only crime punishable by death
is treason. The death penalty was abolished
in the state of Washington in 1913. It was
abolished in Iowa in 1872 and restored in
1878. It was also abolished in Colorado in
1897. but was restored in 1901. Hanging is
the ordinary mode of execution, but in Arkan-
sas. Indiana, Massachusetts, New York. Ne-
braska. Ohio, Pennsylvania. Vermont. Virginia
and Oklahoma electrocution is the legal
method. In Nevada hanging or rhooting is
optional with the condemned.
116
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
THE PANAMA CANAL.
CANAL STATISTICS (OFFICIAL) .
Length from deep water to deep water— 50.5
miles.
Length, on land— 40.5 miles.
Length at summit level — 31. 7 miles.
Bottom width of channel — Maximum, 1,000
feet; minimum (in Gaillard cut), 300 feet.
Depth — Minimum. 41 feet; maximum 45 feet.
Summit level — 85 feet above mean tide.
Locks in pairs— 12.
Locks, usable length— 1.000 feet.
Locks, usable width— 110 feet.
Gatun lake, area— 164 square miles.
Gatun lake channel, depth — 85 to 45 feet.
Concrete required — 5.000,000 cubic yards.
Time of transit through canal — 10 to 12 hours.
Time of passage through locks— 3 hours.
Length of relocated Panama railroad — 46.2
miles.
Canal Zone area— About 448 square miles.
Canal Zone area— owned by United States—
About 322 square miles.
French buildings acquired — 2,150.
French buildings used — 1.537.
Value of utilized French equipment — $1,000.-
000.
Cubic yards excavated by French— 108,046,-
960.
Cubdc yards excavated by Americans — 250.-
000.000.
Canal force, average at work— About 39.000.
Approximate cost of construction — $375,-
000,000.
PANAMA CANAL OFFICIALS.
Governor— Col. Chester Harding. U. S. A.
Executive Secretary — C. A. Mcllvaine.
Chief Division of Civil Affairs— Crede H. Cal-
houn.
Chief Division of Police and Fire — Guy Jo-
hannes.
District Attorney— Albert C. Hindman.
Department Headquarters — Balboa Heights.
Canal Zone.
Engineer of Maintenance — Lieut.-Col. J. J.
Morrow. U. S. A.
Electrical Engineer— W. L. Hersh.
Marine Superintendent — Commander Leonard R.
Sargent. U. S. N.
Superintendent Division of Dredging— Joel M.
Pratt.
Resident Engineer Building ^Division — 'Hartley
Rowe.
Chief Quartermaster— R. K. Morris.
Auditor— H. A. A. Sm th.
Chief Health Officer— Col. H. C. Fisher, U..S. A.
Chief Quarantine Officer — Dr. S. B. Grubbs.
U. S. P. H. S.
Washington Office.
General Purchasing1 Officer and Chief of Office
—A. L. Flint.
Assistant to Chief of Office— Ray L. Smith.
Courts.
District Judge — John W. Hanan.
Clerks— E. L. Goolsley and W. B. Cheatham.
CHRONOLOGY.
First exploration of route 1527.
Advocated by Humboldt 1803.
Panama railroad built 1850-1855.
Panama canal company iormed by De Lesseps
1879.
Work on canal begun Feb. 24. 1881.
Canal company failed Dec. 11. 1888.
De Lesseps and others sentenced to prison for
fraud Feb. 9. 1893.
New French canal company formed October.
1894.
De Lesseps died Dec. 7. 1894.
Hay-Pauncefote treaty superseding the* Clay-
ton-Bulwer treaty signed Nov. 18, 1901: rat-
ified by senate Dec. 16; ratified by Great
Britain Jan. 20. 1902.
Canal property offered to the United States for
$40,000,000 Jan. 9. 1902; accepted Feb. 16.
1903.
Bill authorizing construction of canal passed
by house of representatives Jan. 9. 1902;
passed by senate June 19. 1902; approved
June 28. 1902.
Canal treaty with Colombia signed Jan. 22.
1903; ratified by senate March 17. 1903: re-
jected by Colombia Aug. 12, 1903.
Revolution in Panama Nov. 3, 1903.
Canal treaty with Panama negotiated Nov. 18.
1903; ratified by republic of Panama Dec. 2.
1903; ratified by the United States senate
Feb. 23. 1904.
Canal commissioners appointed Feb. 29. 1904.
Papers transferring canal to the United States
signed in Paris April 22, 1904.
Bill for government of Canal Zone passed by
the senate April 15, 1904; passed by house
April 21; approved Apr.1 26.
Canal property at Panama formally turned over
to the United States commissioners May 4.
1904.
Work begun by Americans May 4, 1904.
President outlines rules for the government of
the Canal Zone and war department takes
charge of the work on May 9. 1904.
Gen. George W. Davis appointed first governor
of Canal Zone May 9. 1904.
John F. Wallace appointed chief engineer May
10, 1904; resigned June 29, 1905.
Republic of Panama paid $10,000,000 May 21.
1904.
First payment on $40,000.000 to French com-
pany made May 24. 1904.
Lorin C. Coll.ns appointed Supreme court
judge for Canal Zone June 17. 1905.
New commission with Theodore P. Shonts as
chairman named April 3. 1905; Shouts re-
signed March 4, 1907.
John F. Stevens appointed chief engineer June
29. 1905: resigned Feb. 26. 1907.
Lieut.-Col. George W. Goethals appointed chief
engineer Feb. 26. 1907.
Gatun dam finished June 14, 1913.
Dry excavation completed Sept. 10, 1913.
First vessel lifted through Gatun locks Sept.
26. 1913.
Gamboa dike blown up Oct. 10. 1913.
First vessels pass through Miraflores locks
Oct. 14. (1913.
Permanent organization of canal administra-
tion in effect April 1, 1914; Col. George W.
Goethals first governor; existence of isth-
mian canal commission ended.
First freight barges go through canal from
ocean to ocean May 14. 1914.
First steamship (the Cristobal) passes through
canal Aug. 13, 1914.
Canal opened for general traffic Aug. 15. 3914.
Canal blocked by slides. September. 1915. to
April. 1916.
TRAFFIC STATISTICS.
Traffic through the canal from its openingto July 1. 1919:
Tear.
1914 .
Atlantic
Vessels.
... 181
2 to Pacific.
Cargo, tons.
744,682
2,128,996
2,124,918
3,162,398
2.198,196
1.691.664
Pacific
Vessels.
176
588
626
1,100
1.250
556
to Atlantic.
Cargo, tons.
1.009.252
2,837.564
2,806.993
4.380.098
4,935,525
1,842.685
, Totals ,
Vessels, Cargo, tons.
357 1,753,934
1.171 4,966.560
1.253 4.931.9U1
2.048 7.542.496
2,099 7,133,721
1,042 3.534.349
1915 .
583
1916
6°7
1917
948
1918
1919
849
486
Total 3,674 12,050.854 4,296 17,812,117 7.970 29.862.971
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
117
REVENUES AND EXPENSES.
Year Revenue. Expenses.
1914-15 $4.358,00'2.37 $4. 289. 159.00 j
1916 2. 558. 54'2. 38 6.999.750.15
1917 .. 5,808.398.70 6.788.047.60
1918 6,601.275.92 5.903.719.69
Note— The revenues include tolls, licenses.
fees, fine^. etc.. and services to outsiders; the
expenses are for operation and maintenance
and overhead charges.
LABOR FORCE.
May 21. 1919, the actual working force on
the canal was 20.182. of whom 16.903 were
silver and 3.279 gold employes, the latter be-
ing: almost exclusively whute Americans.
CANAL ZONE.
The Canal Zone contains about 448 sauare
miles and in June. 1918. had a total popula-
tion of 21.707. It begins at a point three
marine miles from mean low water mark in
each ocean and extends ior five miles on each
side oi the center line of the route of the
canal. It includes the group of islands in the
Bay of Panama, named Perico. Naos, Culebra
and Flamenco. The dues of Panama and
Colon are excluded from the zone, but the
United States has the right to enforce sani-
tary ordinances and maintain public order
there in case the republic of Panama should
not be able to do so.
PANAMA RAILROAD.
The Panama railroad and the steamships
run in connection with it between New York
and Colon are owned and orperated by the
United States government. The road prac-
tically parallels the canal nearly the whole
distance. It is 46% miles long1 and runs
between the cities of Colon and Panama.
SAULT STE. MARIE CANAL TRAFFIC.
Year.
1910.
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1915..
1916..
1917..
1918.
The
SUMMARY BY YEARS.
Freight
Tons. Value. Charges.
..62,363,218 $654,010,844 $38,710.904
.53,477.216 595,019,844 29,492,196
.72,472,676 791,357,837 40.578.225
.79.718,344 865,957.838 44.380,865
.55,369,939 634.800.268 27.597.099
.71,290.304 882,263.141 41.984,031
.91.888.219 974,161,156 60,845,023
.89.813.-898 1.196.922.183 89.277.226
,.85,680,327 987.005,347 83,507.638
SUEZ CANAL TRAFFIC.
total receipts of transit tonnage tolls of
the Suez canal in 1913 amounted to $23.443.-
643, a decrease of $1,886,189 as compared
with 1912. The decrease was owing to the
reduction of the toll rate which went into ef-
fect Jan. 1, 1913. The total toll-paying ton-
nage for 1913 was 19,165,000 tons, or 456,-
000 tons in excess of that for 1912.
In 1913 the total number of vessels passing
through the Suez canal was 5.085 as against
5,373 in 1912. The average time of vessels
foing through the canal in 1913 was 16 hours
9 minutes. Freight traffic was greatly d^min-
ished by the war in Europe, and no detailed
statistics have been published since 1913.
GREAT SHIP CANALS OF THE WORLD.
Canal.
Opened,
Length,
miles.
Depth. Width.*
feet. feet.
Cost.
Cape Cod
191?'
8
150 S
.12,000.000
Corinth (Greece)
1893
4
26.25
72
5,000.000
Kronst adt-Petrograd
( Russi
a)
1890
16
20.50
220
10,000,000
Elbe and Trave (Ge
rmany)
1900
41
10
72
5,831.000
Kaiser Wilhelm or K
:iel (Gei
•many) t
1895
61
45
150
94,818,000
Manchester ship (Ei
ngland)
1894
35.5
26
120
75,000,000
Panama (U. S.)
1914
50.5
45
300 £
175,000,000
Sault Ste. Marie (U.
S.).
1855
1.6
22
100
10,000,000
Sault Ste. Marie (Ci
inada) .
1895
1.11
20.25
142
2.791.873
Suez (Egypt)
Welland (Canada) . .
1869
1887
90
26.75
31
14
108 lOOiOOO.OOO
100 25.000.000
*At the bottom. tRebuilt.
ACCIDENTS
ON STEAM RAILROADS.
[From
reports of
interstate commerce commission.]
Em1
ployes.
Passe
ngrers.
Other
persons.
1
otal.
Year ended June 30.
Killed.
Injured.
Killed.
Injured.
Killed.
Injured.
Killed.
Injured.
1892
0 554
28.267
376
3.227
4.217
5.158
7.147
36.652
1893
2.727
31.729
299
3.229
4.320
5.435
7.346
40,393
1894
1.823
23.422
324
3.034
4.300
5.433
6.447
31.889
1895
1.811
25.696
170
2,375
4.165
5.677
6,136
33.748
1896
1.861
29.969
181
2.873
4,406
5.845
6,448
38.687
1897
1.693
27.667
222
2.795
4.522
6.269
6.437
36.731
1898...
1.958
31.761
221
2.945
4.680
6,176
6.859
40.882
1899...
2.210
34.923
239
3.442
4.674
6.255
7.123
44.620
1900
2.550
39.643
249
4.128
5.066
6.549
7.865
50.320
1901...
2.675
41.142
282
4.988
5.498
7.209
8,455
53.339
1902. ..
2.969
50.524
345
6.683
5.274
7.455
8.588
64.662
1903
3.606
60.481
355
8.231
5.879
7.841
9.840
76.553
1904...
3 632
67.067
441
9.111
5.973
7.977
10.046
84.155
1905...
3.361
66.833
537
10.457
5.805
8.718
9.703
86.008
1906
1907...
3.929
4.534
76.701
87.644
359
610
10.764
13,041
6.330
6,695
10.241
10,331
10,618
11.839
97.706
111,016
1908...
3.405
82.487
381
11.556
6,402
10.187
10.188
104.230
1909
2.610
75.006
253
10.311
5.859
10.309
8,722
95.626
1910...
3.382
95.671
324
12.451
6.976
11.385
9,682
119,507
1911...
3.602
126.039
356
13.433
6,438
10.687
10,396
150.159
1912
3.635
142.442
318
16.386
6.632
10.710
10,585
169.538
1913...
3.715
171.417
403
16.539
6.846
12.352
10.964
200.308
1914...
3.259
165.212
265
15.121
6.778
12,329
10.302
192.662
1915
2,152
138.092
222
12.110
6.247
11.838
8.621
162.040
1916
2.687
160.663
283
8.379
6,394
11.333
9.364
180.375
1916*
2.941
176.923
291
8.008
6.769
11.791
10.001
196.722
1917*
2.781
176.61S
343
8.374
6,963
9.816
10.087
194.805
•Year ended Dec.
31.
118
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
WEATHER FORECASTS AND SIGNALS.
'The operations of the weather bureau oi the
department of agriculture are based on ob-
servations of the weather taken at about 200
observatories throughout the United States at
the same moment of time and telegraphed
daily to Washing-ton, D. C., and to other im-
portant cities. These observations, comprising
barometric pressure, temperature, precipita-
tion, winds and clouds, are entered upon out-
line charts of the United States by means of
symbols, forming1 the "daily weather map."
from which the forecasts are made. These
forecasts are issued every day for every state
in the union, and whenever necessary special
warnings are sent out of storms, frosts, cold
waves, heavy snows and floods. In addition
to the main office in Washington, there are
subordinate forecast centers in Chicago, New
Orleans, Denver, San Francisco and Portland,
Ore. Weather forecasts for a week in advance
are now sent out from Washington.
The forecasts are first telegraphed to about
2,300 principal distributing points, whence
they are further disseminated by telegraph,
telephone and through the mail by means of
forecast cards, rural free delivery slips and
newspapers.
It is estimated that the total number of
persons in the United States to whom the
weather forecasts are available is more than
4,000,000.
No. 1.
White flag1.
Clear or
fair weather.
No. 2.
Blue flaff.
BLUE
Bain or snow.
No. 3.
White and blue
flag.
No. 4. No. 5.
Black trian- White flag with black
gular flag. square in center.
Local rain or
snow.
WEATHEB FLAGS.
Temperature.
Cold ware.
When No. 4 is placed above No. 1, 2 or 3
it indicates warmer: when below, colder; when
not displayed, the temperature is expected to
remain about stationary. During the lat«
spring and early fall the cold-wave flag1 is
used to indicate anticipated frosts.
Small craft. Northwest winds.South west winds.Northeast-winds.Southeast winds. "Hurricane" signal
STOBM-WABNING FLAGS.
Small craft warning— A red pennant indi-
cates that moderately strong winds are ex-
6Storm warnings— A red flag with a black
center indicates that a storm of marked vio-
lence is expected. The pennants displayed with
the flags indicate the direction of the wind:
Red, easterly; white, westerly (from south-
west to north). The pennant above the flag
indicates that the wind is expected to blow
from the northerly quadrants; below, from
southerly quadrants.
By night a red light indicates easterly winds
and a white light above a red light westerly
winds.
Two red flags, with black centers, displayed
one above the other, indicate the expected
approach of tropical hurricanes, and also of
those extremely severe and dangerous storms
which occasionally move across the lakes and
northern Atlantic coast. Hurricane warnings
are not displayed at night.
FAST RAILROAD BUNS.
Eastbound express train No. 4. of the New
York Central, on Sunday, May 14, being more
than an hour behind time, traversed the divi-
sion from Elkhart, Ind., to Toledo. O.. 133.01
miles in 1 hour 54 minutes, or at the rate
of 70 miles an hour. From Millersburg, Ind.,
eighteen miles east of Elkhart, to Nasty tower,
about four miles short of Toledo, a distance of
111.31 miles, the time was 1 hour 27 min-
utes, equal to 76.76 miles an hour.
The train cons sted of seven steel cars, weigh-
ing about 940.900 Ibs.
Equally good time was made over this divi-
sion westbound, by th? Twentieth Centuiy lim-
ited on May 25, 1903, but that train had
only four cars. On June 8, 1905, a train of
the Pennsylvania lines, western division. No.
18 eastbound. socond section, three cars, was
run fifty m Ics at 79 miles an hour: 100 miles
at 77 2 miles an hour; and 200 miles, includ-
ing two stops, at 71.3 miles an hour. On
Oct. 24 of the same year, a Pennsylvania spe-
cial train of four cars, westbound, weighing
260 tons, was .run from Crestline, O.. to Clarke
Junction, Ind.. 257.4 miles, at 74.55 miles an
hour. In this run a distance of 131 miles was
covered at 77.81 miles an hour.
RACES OF THE WORLD.
The six great races of mankind according to
Whitaker's Almanack are divided as follows:
Race. Number.
Mongolian 655.000,000
Caucasian . 645.000.000
Negro 100.000,000
Semitic' ' 81,000,000
MaffiraV .. 52.000.000
Red Indian 23.000.000
Total 1,646,000.000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Coin.
Archefri (g-old)....
Arg-entina (grold) . .
Balboa (grold)
A
C
.Per
.Art
Pat
.Vei
Bol
APPROXIMATE VALUE
U.S.
ountry. equivalent,
sia $.095
-entine Republic. 4.820
lama 1 000
OF FOREIGN COINS.
U.S.
Coin. Country. eauivalcnU
Libra (grold) Peru $4.866
Lira (silver) Italy 193
Lira (g-old) Turkey 4 400
Bolivar (silver)
Boliviano (silver) .
lezuela 193
ivia . 389
Mark (grold) Finland 193
Medjidie (g-old) Turkey 880
Cash (copper)
.China 006
Cent
. China 005
Milreia (grold) Brazil . .54ft
Centime (copper) . .
Colon (gold)
Condor (g-old)
. -i x.eo 005
. -'.-ancj 002
. \>;t;i Rica 465
.Colombia 10.000
Chi'*1 *? <:*<°>n
Milreis (erold) Portugal 1.080
Napoleon (grold) . France 3.860
Onlik (silver) . Turkey . .400
Condor (g-old)
Cordova (grold)
Crown (silver)
Crown (silver)
Crown (silver)
Crown (silver)
Crown (silver)
Dinar (g-old)
. !_ci
.Nic
Au
Dei
Grt
No
Sw
9pr
lador 4 900
Para (silver) Turkey 001
Penny (copper) Great Britain 020
stria 203
Perper (g-old) Montenegro 203
Peseta (silver) .. Spain 195
at Britain 1 °°0
Peso (g-old) Argentine Republic. .965
-way 268
xlen 268
Peso (sold) Chile 365
Peso (g-old) Colombia 1.000
bia 193
Peso (sold) Cuba 910
Peso (silver) Guatemala 398
Dinero (silver)....
Dollar (erold)
Dollar (gold)
Per
.Bri
.Ne>
Bri
.Col
Lib
.Str
Chi
San
.Gre
Por
Gre
Au
Gre
Net
.Fra
Bel
Sw:
u 050
tish Honduras... 1.000
vfoundland 1.014
tish possessions.. 1.000
ombia 1 000
Peso (silver) Honduras .. .. .398
Peso (silver) Salvador 398
Peso (silver) * Mexico 498
Dollar (g-old)
Dollar (grold)
Dollar (grold)
Dollar (gold)
Dollar (silver)
Dollar (gold)
Drachma (silver) . .
Escudo (g-old)
Farthing- (copper)
Florin (silver)
Florin (silver)
Peso (silver) Parag-uay 398
Peso (gold) Philippines 500
eria 1 000
lits Settlements.. .567
na 475
Peso (g-old) Urug-uay 1.034
Pfennig- (copper) . ..Germany 0025
to Domirrg-o 1 000
Piaster (silver) Cochin China 560
Piaster (silver) Cyprus 03O
ece 103
tugral 1.080
at Britain 005
Piaster (silver) ...Turkey 044
Pound (g-old) Egypt 4.943
Jtria 400
at Britain . ... 490
Pound (gold) Great Britain 4.865
Ruble (g-old) Russia 515
Rupee (silver) . . . India 324
Florin (grold)
herlands 402
Franc ( silver)
Franc (grold)
nee 193
:rium 193
Scudo (g-old silver) Italy . 950
Franc (g-old)
tzarland 193
ti 965
Shillin0- (silver) .Great Britain 240
Gourde (silver)
Guinea (g-old)
Gulden (silver)
Heller (silver)
.Hai
.Gre
.Aus
Au<
Rus
Per
Roi
31
20
11
27
16
8
23
12
4
24
8
31
20
5
27
16
1
21
12
28
17
9
31
13
5
28
16
1
21
13
28
17
9
25
Sixpence (silver) ...Great Britain 120
Sol (silver) Peru 490
at Britain 5.040
Jtria 480
stria 004
Soldo (copper) Italy 010
Sovereign (grold) Great Britain 4 866
Kopeck (copper) . . .
Kran (silver)
sia . 005
sia 091
iininia 193
Sucre (g-old) ..Ecuador .487
Tael (customs silv ) China 828
Krone ( see crown) .
Leu (silver)
Tical (silver)' Siam 370
VPTI fail-srprl . . Janan .. .408
1850 March
X
EASTER SUNDAY DATES.
1884 April 13 1918 Maroh 31 1935 Anril *1
1851 April
1885 April 6
1886 April 25
1887 April 10
1919 April 20 1936 April Ifc
19'->0 April 4 1937 March 28
1852 April
1853 March
1854 April
1855 April
19°1 March 27 1938 April 17
1888 April 1
1889 April 21
igoo April 16 1939 . ..April 9
1923 April 1 1940 March 24
1924 April 20 1941 April 13
1856 March
1867 April
1890 April 6
1891 March °9
19°5 April 12 19*2 . ..April 5
1858 April
189° April 17
1905 April 4 1943 April 25
1859 April
1S93 April 2
1891 March °5
190-7 April 17 1944 April 9
1860 April
1861 March
1862 April
1928 .. ..April 8 1945 April 1
1895 April 14
1896 April 5
1897 April 18
19°9 March 31 1946 April 21
1930 April 20 1947 April ft
1863 April
1864 March
1931 April 5 1948 March 28
1S93 April 10
3 893 April 2
1932 March 21 1949 April 17
1933 April 16 1950 April 9
1865 April
1866 April
1867 April
1868.. . April
1900 April 15
1934 April 1
1901 April 7
1902 March 30
The earliest date on which Easter Sunday
has fallen within a century was March 22.
1818. As will be seen from the above taHe.
it fell on March 23 in 1856 and 1913. Th»
time of the celebration of the principal church
days which depend upon Easter is as follows:
Days. Before Banter.
Septuag-esima Sunday 9 week*
1869 March
1870 April
1903 April 12
1901 April 3
1871 April
1005 April °3
1872 March
1906 April 15
1907 March 31
1873 April
1874... . April
1908 April 19
1875 March
1909 April 11
1910 March °7
1876 April
First Sunday in Lent 6 week*
1877... April
1911 April 16
Ash Wednesday (beginning of Lent) 46 day*
Palm Sunday 8 day*
After Easter.
Rogration Sunday 5 weeks-
1878 April
1879 April
1880 March
1912 April 7
1913.. March 23
1914 April 12
1881 April
1915 April 4
Ascension Day (Holy Thursday) 40 day*
Pentecost (Whitsunday) 7 week*
1882 April
1916 April 23
1883 March
1917 April 8
Trinity Sunday. . . 8 week*.
12O
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES USED IN THE UNITED STATES.
LONG MEASURE.
12 inches = 1 foot.
3 feet = 1 yard = 36 inches.
5% yards = 1 rod = 16% feet.
40 rods = 1 furlong = 660 feet.
8 furlongs = 1 mile = 5.280 feet.
MARINERS' MEASURE.
g -feet = 1 fathom.
120 fathoms =• 1 cable length.
7 % cable lengths =• 1 mile.
5.280 feet == 1 statute mile.
6.080 feet = 1 nautical mile.
3 marine miles = 1 marine league.
LIQUID MEASURE.
= 1 pint. I 4 quarts = 1 gallon
= 1 quart. I 31 % gallons= 1 barrel
2 barrels = 1 hogshead.
SQUARE MEASURE.
144 square inches = 1 square foot.
9 square feet = 1 square yard.
30 Vi square yards = 1 square rod.
160 square rods = 1 acre.
640 acres == 1 square mile.
36 square miles = 1 township.
CUBIC MEASURE.
1.728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot.
27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard.
128 cubic feet = 1 cord of wood or stone.
1 gallon contains 231 cubic inches.
1 bushel contains 2.150.4 cubic inches.
A cord of wood is 8 feet long. 4 feet wide and
4 feet high.
4 gills
2 pints
3 pints =• 1 quart. I 4 pecks = 1 bushel
8 quarts = 1 peck. | 196 lbs.flour=l barrel
CIRCULAR MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute.
60 minutes == 1 degree.
360 degrees = 1 circle.
1 degree == 60 geographic miles.
1 geographic mile = 1.1527 statute miles
1 degree of the equator= 69.124 statute miles.
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.
'10 grains = 1 scruple. I 8 drams = 1 ounce.
3 scruples= 1 dram. I 12 ounces = 1 pound.
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
27 11-32 I L6 ounces= 1 pound.
grains = 1 dram. 2,000 Ibs =» 1 short ton.
16 drams = 1 ounce. I 2,240 Ibs = 1 long ton.
TROY WEIGHT.
24 grains — 1 pennyweight.
20 pennyweights = 1 ounce.
12 ounces = 1 pound.
TIME MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute 24 hours
SO minutes = 1 hour. 365 days
100 years «= 1 century.
CLOTH MEASURE.
2 *4 inches = 1 nail. I 4 nails
•4 quarters = 1 yard.
MISCELLANEOUS.
3 inches = 1 palm. j 6 inches
4 inches •= 1 hand. | 18 inches
21.8 inches = 1 bible cubit.
2V2 feet = 1 mi
SURVEYORS' MEASURE.
7.92 inches = 1 link. I 4 rods
25 links = 1 rod. I 10 chair
8 furlongs = 1 mile.
COUNTING.
12 things = 1 dozen. I 12 gross
12 dozen <= 1 gross. I 20 things
STATIONERS' TABLE.
24 sheets = 1 quire. I 2 reams
20 quires = 1 ream. I 5 bundles
SIZES OP BOOKS.
Pages
Folio .. 4
Quarto (4to) 8
Octavo (8vo.) 16
Duodecimo (12mo.) 24
Octodecimo (18mo.) 86
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
The metric system is in general use in aD
the principal nations of Europe and America
with the exception of Great Britain. Russia
and the United States, where it is authorized
but not compulsory. Its use for scientific pur-
poses is common throughout the world.
Weights.
Milligram (.001 gram) = .0154 grain.
Centigram (.01 gram) = .1643 grain.
Decigram (.1 gram) = 1.5432 grains.
Gram = 15.432 grains.
Decagram (10 grams) = .3527 ounce.
Hectogram (100 grams) = 3.5274 ounces.
Kilogram (1.000 grams) = 2.2046 pounds.
Myriagram (10,000 grams) = 22.046 pounds.
Quintal (100,000 grams) =220.46 pounds.
Millier or tonneau— ton vl.000.000 grams)
= 2.204.6 pounds.
Dry.
061 cubic inch.
Milliliter (.001 liter)
Centiliter (.01 liter)
Deciliter (.1 liter)
Liter
Decaliter (10 liters)
Hectoliter (100 liters)
Kiloliter (1,000 liters)
Liquid.
Milliliter (.001 liter) =
Centiliter (.01 liter) •=
Deciliter (.1 liter) =
Liter =
Decaliter (10 liters) =
Hectoliter (100 liters)
Kiloliter (1.000 liters)
Length.
Millimeter (.001 meter)
Centimeter (.01 meter)
Decimeter (.1 meter)
Meter.
Decameter (10 meters)
Hectometer (100 meters)
Kilometer (I'.OOO meters)
= .6102 cubic inch.
= 6.1022 cubic inches.
= .908 quart.
= 9.08 quarts.
= 2.838 bushels.
= 1.308 cubic yards.
.0388 fluid ounce.
*= .338 fluid ounce.
= .845 gill.
= 1.0567 quarts.
= 2.6418 gallons.
= 26.418 gallons.
= 264.18 gallons.
= .0394 inch.
=• .3937 inch.
= 3.937 inches.
<= 39.37 inches.
= 393.7 inches.
= 328 ft. 1 in.
= .62137 mile
(3.280ft. 10 in.)
Myriameter (10,000 meters) = 6.2137 miles.
Surface.
Centare (1 square meter) =1.550 sq. in.
Are (100 square meters) = 119.6 sq.yds.
Hectare (10.000 sq. meters) = 2.471 acres.
METRIC CONVERSION TABLES.
t.
= 1 day.
=« 1 year.
= 1 quarter.
= 1 span.
= 1 cubit,
ibit.
r pace.
IE.
= 1 chain.
8 = 1 furlons
= 1 great gr.
= 1 score.
2.
= 1 bundle,
s — 1 bale.
Leaves.Sheet.
2 1
4 1
8 1
12 1
18 1
Centimeters.
1
Inches.
.. 0.393
Feet.
1...
Meters.
. 0.304
0 787
2
0 609
3
1 LSI
3
0 914
4
. 1 574
4...
. 1 219
5...
6
.. 1.968
.. 2 362
5
1 524
6...
. 1.828
7
2 755
7...
. 2 133
8
3 149
8
2 436
g
3 H43
9...
.. 2.742
W 3.937
Inches. Centimeters.
1 ..... 2 540
10
3 048
Meters.
1...
Yards.
.. 1.093
o
5 080
2...
.. 2 187
3
7 620
3
3 280
4
. 10 160
4
.. 4.374
5
12 700
5...
. . 5 463
6
15 240
6
6 561
7
17 780
7 .*...
.' 7.655
8
20 320
8...
. 8 749
9
oo 860
9
9 842
10
25 400
10
Yards.
1
....10.936
Meters.
.... 0.914
1.829
Meters.
1...
Feet.
.. 3.280
2 .
6 561
3
9 842
3...
4
5
6
.... 2.743
.... 3.657
.... 4.571
.... 5.486
6 400
4
5
..13.123
16 404
6
19 684
7
8
..22.965
. 26 246
7
8
i?::::::::::
.... 7.315
.... 8.229
.. 9.143
9
10...
..29.527
..32.808
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
121
Kilometers. Miles.
1 n R2i
Square
yards.
3
4..
Square
meters.
2.508
3 344
Centigrams. Grains.
6 n Q9.s
Cubic
yards.
Cubic
meters.
0 764
1.243
7
1.080
Q
. 1.864
8
1 234
2
4
.. 2.486
5...
4.181
9...
.. 1.388
3
5
6
3.106
.. 3 728
6
7. .
5.017
5 853
10
1.542
4...
Grains.
j
Centigrams.
5
7...
.. 4.349
8...
.. 6.689
6
8
g
4.971
. 5 592
9
10
7.525
8362
2
12.959
7
g
5.351
R 1 1 R
10
Miles.
1. .
6.213
Kilometers.
1.609
Square
kilometers
1
Square
miles.
0.386
4
5
25.919
32 399
9...
10
6.881
7 645
ft
38 879
Cubic
meters.
1
2
Si!!
Cubic
feet.
.... 35.314
.... 70.629
1 nc 040
2
.. 3.218
2
.. 0.772
7
45 359
3
4 827
3...
.. 1.158
8...
9
10
Grams.
1
2
51.839
58.319
64.798
Ounces (av.)
0.035
0.070
4
6 437
4
1 544
5
.. 8.046
5...
.. 1.930
6...
9.655
6
7
8
9
2.316
2.702
3.088
3 474
7
8
m
11.265
12.874
1 a. 4.R3
4
5...
A
....141.258
....176.672
10 16.093
Square Square
centimeters. inches.
1 0.155
10
Square
miles.
1
3.860
Square
kilometers.
2.592
3
4
5...
6...
7
0.105
0.140
0.176
0.211
0.246
?;•
8...
9 ;
10
... .211.887
....247.201
....282.516
....317.830
....353.144
2
3
t
6
7
8
9
i n
0.465
0.620
.. 0.775
0.930
.. 1.085
1.240
1.395
1 650
3
4
5
6...
7...
8
9...
10
7.776
10.368
12.960
15.552
...18.144
20.736
, , , , 23.328
25 920
8...
9
10
Ounces (av
2...
3
4...
...... 0.282
....!. 0.317
...... 0.352
.) Grams.
. , 28.349
.... 56.699
... 85.048
....113.398
Cubic
feet.
1...
2...
3 ::;•
4....
5 ;
6.....
Cubic
meters.
0.028
0.056
0.084
0.113
0.141
0 169
Square
inches.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Square
Square
centimeters.
6.452
...12.903
..19.354
...25.806
32.257
38.709
,...45.160
51.612
...58.063
64.514
Square
Hectares.
1
2
3
4
5...
6. . . .
7. . . .
8. . . .
9.
10.
Acres
1
Acres.
2.471
4.942
7.413
9.844
12.355
15.552
... .17.297
... .19.769
... 22.240
24.711
Hectares.
0.404
5
6
7
8
9
10...
Kilograms
....141.747
... 170.097
.198.446
... .226.796
255.145
282.796
Pounds.
2 204
7...
8
9...
10 ;
Liters,
(liquid)
2' ' "
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
0.198
0.226
0.254
0.282
Quarts,
(liquid)
1.056
2.113
3.170
4.228
5.283
6.341
7.396
n
4 409
3
4...
5
6
7...
6.613
8.818
11.023
13.227
. ...15.432
meters.
1
2
3
4
10.764
21.528
32.292
...43.055
3
4
5...
6...
1.214
1.618
2.023
2.428
8...
9
10
Pounds.
1...
.17.636
.. ,. 19.841
.22.046
Kilograms
.. 0.453
8
9
10
Quarts,
(liquid)
8.453
9.510
10.566
Liters,
(liquid)
5
53 819
7
2 832
64 583
8
3 °37
2
0 907
•7
75 347
9...
3 642
3...
1.360
2 '"
86 111
10
4 046
4
5...
6
7
8...
1.814
2.267
2.721
3.175
3
O £QO
10
Square
...96.874
..107.638
Square
Cubic
meters.
1
2
Cubic
yards.
,,.. 1.307
2 615
4
5
6...
7
3.785
4.731
5.678
6 6°4
1
2
3
4
.. 0.092
8.185
.278
0.371
3
4
5
6
3.923
5.231
6.539
7 847
9
10
Metric
tons.
1
3
.. 4.082
, , , , 4.534
Long-
tons.
, , , 0.984
1.968
2.952
8
9
10
Hectoliters
2
3...
7.570
8.572
...... 9.463
Bushels.
2.837
5.675
8 513
6
6
7
.. 0.464
0.557
0.650
7
8
9
, 9.155
10.463
11.771
8
9
10
Square
meters.
1
0.836
0.928
Square
yards.
1.196
10
Cubic
yards.
2...
3
13.079
Cubic
meters.
0.764
1.529
2.293
4
5
6
1 ...
8
9
3.936
4.921
5.905
6.889
7.873
8.857
4
5
6
7
8...
g
11.350
14.188
.... 17.026
19.864
22.701
05 39Q
4
.. 2.392
3.588
. 4 784
4
5
6
3.058
. 3.822
4 587
10
Long
tons.
I
9.842
Metric
tons.
1 016
10...,
Bushels.
1
28.376
Hectoliters.
0 352
5 980
7
5 351
.. 7.176
8...
.. 6.116
3...
4
.... 2.032
3.048
4 064
0
0 704
7
§372
9
. 6.881
3
1 057
.568
10
7.645
4...
. 1 409
.. 10.764
Centigrams.
1
2
Grains.
0.154
0 308
5
6
7
5.080
6.096
7 112
5
1 761
10
Square
yards.
11.960
Square
meters.
0 836
6
7
2.114
2 466
3
0 463
g
8 128
g
2 819
4
.. 0617
9 ..
... . 9.144
9...
.. 3.171
2
.. 1.672
5...
.. 0.771
10...
10.160
10...
.. 3.523
1*2
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
1 grain
1 ounce =
1 pound =
1 dram(apoth.) =•
1 scruple (apoth.) =
1 quart (dry) =
1 peck (dry) =
1 bushel =
1 quart (lid.) =
1 gallon
1 inch.
1 inch =
1 inch =
1 foot =
Ijard =
Imile =
1 BQ. inch =
1 sq. loot =
1 sq. yard
1 sq. mile
Metric Equivalents.
= 0.06480 gram.
= 28.3495 grams.
= 0.45359 kilogram.
3.6967 grams.
1.2322 grama.
1.1012 liters.
8.8098 liters.
0.35239 hectoliter.
0.94636 liter.
3.78543 liters.
25.4001 millimeters.
2.54001 centimeters.
0.0254 meter.
0.3048
0.9144
1.6093
645.16
0.0929
0.8361
2.5900
0.4017
16.387
meter.
meter.
kilometers.
sq. millimeters.
sq. meter.
sq. meter.
sq. kilometers.
1 acre = U.4U17 hectare.
1 cubic inch =- 16.387 cu. milli meters.
1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meter.
1 cubic yard = 0.7645 cubic meter.
CONVERSION FIGURES.
To reduce Multiply by
Millimeters to inches
Centimeters to inches •*
Meters to feet »•«
Meters to yards J •£
Kilometers to yards 1093.6
Kilometers to miles '3
Inches to millimeters
Inches to centimeters
Feet to meters
Yards to meters
Yards to kilometers
Miles to meters
Miles to kilometers
Square millimeters to square inches
Square centimeters to square inches
2.54
.3
.9
.0009
.1609
^0,5
.155
Square meters to square feet 10.76
Square meters to square yards 1.2
Square inches to square millimeters 645.
Square inches to square centimeters 6.45
Square feet to square meters .09
Square yards to square meters .83
Cubic centimeters to cubic inches . . .06
Cubic meters to cubic feet 35.3
Cubic meters to cubic yards... 1.3
Square meters to square yards
Square inches to square millimeters
~ luare inches to square centimeters
_iuare feet to square meters..
Square yards to square meters
Cubic centimeters to cubic inches. .
Cubic meters to cubic feet.
Cubic meters to cubic yards
Cubic meters to gallons 220.
Liters to gallons
Liters to cubic feet .035
Liters of water to pounds 2.2
Cubic inches to cubic centimeters.. 16.4
Cubic feet to liters 28.3
Cubic feet to cubic meters .03
Cubic feet to gallons 6.2
Cubic feet of water to pounds 62.27
Cubic yards to cubic meters .76
Gallons to liters 4.5
Gallons to cubic meters .0045
Gallons to cubic feet .16
Gallons of water to pounds 10.
Pounds of water to gallons .1
Pounds of water to cubic feet .016
Pounds of water to liters .454
Milligrams to grains .015
Grams to grains 15.4
Grams to ounces .035
Kilograms to ounces 35.3
Kilograms to pounds 2.2
Kilograms to cwt .02
Kilograms to tons .001
Grains to milligrams 64.8
Grains to grams .65
Ounces to grams 28.35
Pounds to grams 453.6
Pounds to grains troy 7000.
Pounds to kilograms .45
Cwt. to kilograms 50.8
Tons to kilograms 1016.
Grams per sq. cm. to pounds per
sq. in .014
lilograms per sq. mm. to pounds
per sq. in 1422.
To reduce Multiply br
Kilograms per sq. cm. to pounds
per sq. in 14.2
Kilograms per sq. cm. to tons per
sq. ft .9
Pounds per sq. in. to grams per
sq. cm 70.3
Pounds per sq. in. to kilograms per
sq. cm .07
Tons per sq. ft. to kilograms per
sq. cm ,... 1.09
Pounds per sq. in. to tons per
sq. ft 064
Tons per sq. ft. to Rounds per sq. in. 15.5
Pounds per sq. in. to head of
water (meters) .7
Pounds per sq. in. to head of water
(feet) 2.3
Tons per sq. ft. to head of water
(meters) 10.7
Tons per sq. ft. to head of water
(feet) 36.
Head of water (meters) to pounds
per sq. in 1.4
Head of water (meters) to tons per
sq. ft .09
Head of water (feet) to pounds per
sq. in .43
Head of water (feet) to tons per
sq. ft .027
Atmosphere to pounds per sq. in... . 14.7
Atmosphere to tons per sq. ft .94
Pounds per sq. in. to atmospheres. . .07
Tons per sq. ft. to atmospheres 1.06
Dynes per sq. cm. to grains per
sq. in .1
Grains per sq. in. to dynes per sq.
cm 9.8
Foot pounds to jpules 1.35
Foot pounds to kilogrammeters .14
Kilogrammeters to foot pounds 7.2
Kilogrammeters to pounds deg. F. . . .009
Kilogrammeters to joules 9.8
Kilogrammeters to calories 2.34
Calories to kilogrammeters .42
Calories to joules 4.168
Horsepower to kilogrammeters per
second 76.
Horsepower to foot pounds per
minute 33000.
Horsepower to watts 746.
Watts to foot pounds per minute... 44.
Watts to kilogrammeters per sec. .1
Meters per second to feet per min-
ute 197.
Feet per minute to meters per sec-
ond .005
Feet per minute to miles per hour. . .0113
Miles per hour to feet per minute.. 88.
ELECTRICAL UNITS DEFINED.
Ohm — Unit of resistance: represents resistance
offered to an unvarying1 electric current by a
column of mercury at the temperature of
ice. 14.5421 grams in mass, of a cross-sec-
tional area of 1.00003 square millimeters and
of the length of 106.3 centimeters.
Ampere — Unit of current, decomposes .0009324
of a gram of water in one second or de-
posits silver at the rate of .001118 of a
gram per second, when passed through a
solution of nitrate of silver in water.
Volt— Unit of electromotive force: one volt
equals one ampere of current passing through
a substance having one ohm of resistance.
Coulomb — Unit of quantity: amount of elec-
tricity transferred by a current of one am-
pere in one second.
Farad — Unit of capacity; capacity of a con-
denser charged to a potential of one volt by
one coulomb. A microfarad is one-millionth
of a farad.
Joule — Unit of work; equivalent to energy ex-
pended in one second by one ampere current
in one ohm resistance.
Watt — Unit of power; equivalent to work done
at the rate of one joule per second. A kilo-
watt is 1,000 watts.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
123
STATUTORY WEIGHTS OF THE BUSHEL.
STATE OR
TERRITORY.
Wheat.
c
O
1
Buckwheat. ||
Shelled corn. j
Corn on cob.
Cornmeal. j |
I
Potatoes. Irish.
Potatoes, sweet.
Carrots. ||
Onions. ||
Turnips.
o
Beans.
1
o
£
Dried apples.
Dried peaches.
Castor beans.
Flaxsoed.
Hemp seed.
|
Timothy seed.
Blue grass seed.
Hungarian gr.seedll
United States
Alabama
GO
M
5' ;
56
H2
32
48
47
42
4«
On
00
50
50
66
51
50
52
5C,
56
56
70
40
..
00
55
..
55
..
CO
60
24
38
Arizona
Arkansas
BO
co
00
ci)
01
56
51
5*;
32
32
4S
50
48
48
52
40
52
70
48
20
60
50
..
57
57
..
00
00
50
24
33
-M
'.'.
50
GO
14
70
50
20
CO
GO
57
GO
44
••
45
45
14
Connecticut
54
50
52
50
GO
GO
GO
48
25
33
..
55
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Cf
i;.t
:?i
32
32
82
50
GO
48
47
4<
52
68
56
70
iO
48
48
20
20
60
00
60
55
••
50
57
54
55
0,0
GO
GO
48
24
24
.'!3
33
48
56
44
50
45
14
Idaho
Illinois
ci
(XI
w
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m
, r
•>>\
.M;
50
50
JO
32
^
32
32
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4s
4S
48
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cs
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20
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Gil
00
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GO
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fid
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g
55
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Co
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45
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25
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i-Jij
83
39
40
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56
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41
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41
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50
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45
45
45
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14
14
14
14
14
50
50
50
50
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
GO
M
ix)
:0
co
'0
CO
;o
;o
;o
;o
;o
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50
56
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32
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:-!2
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32
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48
48
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4S
48
48
48
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4s
48
4S
40
47
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48
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50
48
52
52
52
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48
50
42
50
n
48
48
50
50
56
56
50
56
56
66
56
tl
66
66
66
50
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72
70
!§
81
48
50
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£8
50
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20
20
20
20
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56
60
co
CO
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co
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54
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0,0
GO
48
48
50
48
45
25
1:2
28
"6
24
28
28
83
33
46
46
46
56
ff>
56
66
56
44
.M)
44
44
44
44
60
48
60
BO
50
45
45
45
45
4;}
45
14
14
14
14
14
14
50
48
50
48
50
50
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New Hampshire... .
24
33
46
50
48
25
25
33
33
'•
55
66
55
New Torkf.
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
••
••
45
••
70
KH
70
..
20
20
GO
CO
CO
CO
40
50
46
50
52
55
52
CO
CO
00
00
56
00
CO
(0
GO
GO
GU
GO
50
45
24
28
C3
28
"•';
66
44
60
50
45
45
42
••
50
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
f/v
70
50
•IS
20
GO
54
50
50
50
50
00
00
48
25
33
40
56
44
50
45
••
50
South Dakota
Tennessee
:;J
•o
;o
»
0
;o
v;
--o
jG
?!
'0
56
&
i.'
10
$2
12
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
42
50
42
48
52
42
52
50
50
56
56
56
56
66
56
f:C
70
70
70
70
50
20
20
-0
GO
co
CO
BO
56
60
40
55
50
50
50
52
56
57
52
57
GO
50
55
60
55
GO
50
GO
oo
60
00
G-;
GO
CO
GO
60
U)
50
45
46
45
rn
24
28
23
28
25
20
28
46
50
56
56
44
44
50
50
42
45
45
14
48
48
Virginia
.'0
28
33
••
50
•-•r
44
50
45
14
48
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
TO
Ml
20
DO
rn
M
5V)
57
42
50
CO
CO
(V»
56
44
;6
45
45
48
Note — Rye meal takes 48 pounds to the
bushel in the District of Columbia and 50 in
Maine. Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island
and Wisconsin. The metric system is used in
the Philippines and Porto Rico.
LONGEST RAILWAY TUNNELS.
Railway and country. Miles. Yards.
Simplon Switzerland-Italy ... 12 458
St. Gothard, Switzerland-Italy..
Loetschberg, Switzerland
... 9 564
...9 55
TABLE OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
Compared with water.
Water distilled . 100 i Iron cast 721
Arlberg, Austria
... 6 404
... 6 578
5 546
Ricken, Switzerland
Tauern Austria
Water sea 103 • Ivory 183
Ronco Italy
... 5 277
5 56
Alcohol 84 Lead 1135
Tenda Italy
Aluminum 256 Mahogany 106
Ash 84 ' Maple 75
Beer .. . 102 Marble 270
Transandine, Chile-Argentina....
Karawanken, Austria
... 5
... 4 1,683
... 4 1.320
... 4 700
4 636
Hoosac, United States
Borzallo, Italy
Brass 840 Milk, cov .-'-> . 103
Butter 94 ; Milk, goat's. .. . 104
Cedar . 61 Oak 117
Severn England
Turchina, Italy
Wocheiner Austria
...4 10
3 1 647
Chalk 279 Ooium 134
Cider 102 Flatina ° 150
Mont d'Or, France-Switzerland. .
Albula, Switzerland
Totlev England
... 3 1.320
... 3 1.150
3 950
Coal 130 Porcelain ?°6
Copper 895 Silver 1047
Cork 24 Steel • 783
Peloritana Sicily
3 686
Diamond 353 i Sulphur °03
. .. 3 516
3 62
Ebony 133 Tin 729
Standedge England
Fir 55 Turpentine 99
Glass . . 289 Walnut 67
Woodhead, England
Cascade, United States
... 3 17
... 2 1,080
769
Gold . 1 9°6 Wine 100
Ice .. 92 Zinc .. . 691 Snocmaimie. United States...
2 487
124
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
THERMOMETERS COMPARED.
There are three kinds of thermometers, with
varying- scales, in general use throughout the
world — the Fahrenheit. Reaumur and centi-
grade. The freezing- and boiling- points on
their scales compare as follows:
Thermometer. Freezing- pt. Boiling- pt.
Fahrenheit 32 degrees 212 degrees
Reaumur zero 80 degrees
Centigrade zero 100 degrees
The degrees on one scale are reduced to
their equivalents on another by these formulas:
Fahrenheit to Reaumur — Subtract 32, multi-
ply by four-ninths.
Fahrenheit to Centigrade— Subtract 32. mul-
tiply by five-ninths.
Reaumur to Fahrenheit — Multiply by nine-
fourths, add 32.
Reaumur to Centigrade — Multiply by five-
fourths.
Centigrade to Fahrenheit— Multiply by nine-
fifths, add 32.
Centigrade to Reaumur— Multiply by four-
fifths.
COMPARATIVE SCALES.
Centigrade to Fahrenheit.
C.
F.
_30 =. .—22.0
—29=..— 20.2
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
12345678
85 102 119 136
90 108 126 144
114 133 152
120 140 160
126 147 168
110 132 154 176
92 115 138 161 184
96 120 144 168 192
75 100 125 150 175 200
78 104 130 156 182 208
§1 108 135 162 189 216
4 112 140 168 196 224
87 116 145 174 203 232
0 120 150 180 210 240
3 124 155 186 217 248
6 128 160 192 224 256
99 132 165 198 231 264
68 102 136 170 204 238 272
70 105 140 175 210 245 280
72 108 144 180 216 252 288
74 111 148 185 222 259 296
76 114 152 190 228 266 304
78 117 156 195 234 273 312
120 160 200 240 280 320
123 164 205 246 287 328
126 168 210 252 294 336
86 129 172 215 258 301 344
88 132 176 220 264 308 352
90 135 180 225 270 315 360
2 138 184 230 276 322 368
4 141 188 235 282 329 376
6 144 192 240 288 336 384
98 147 196 245 294 343 392
— 7.6
— 5.8
— 4.0
— 2.2
— 0.4
1.4
3.2
5.0
6.8
8.6
10.4
12.2
14.0
60 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
RAILROAD TRAIN SPEED.
Reaumur to Fahrenheit.
B.
—35.5 1—9
—33.2 —8 =
—31.0 —7 =
—28.7 —6
—26.5 1—5
—24.2
—22.0 1—3
1:44
1:45
1:46
1:47
1:48
1:49
—19.7 —2= 27.5
—17.5 — 1= 29.7
2= 36.5 ]23 =
3= 38.7 24 =
. .41.0 !25 =
:50
:52
:53
:54
:55
:56
:57
1:58
1:59.
2:00.
2:01.
2:02.
2:04.
2:06.
2:08.
2:10.
2:12.
2:14.
2:16.
2:18.
2:20.
WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES.
First— Cotton.
Second — Paper.
Third — Leather.
Fifth— Wooden.
Seventh— Woolen.
Tenth— Tin.
Twelfth— Silk and fine
linen.
Fifteenth— Crystal.
Twentieth— China.
Twenty-fifth— Silver.
Thirtieth— Pearl.
Fortieth— Ruby.
Fiftieth— Golden.
Seventy-fifth — Diamond
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
125
Note-
given for
at 7 per
Time.
Amt. Int.
3..
SIMPLE INTEREST TABLE.
Po find the amount of interest at 2% per cent on any given sum. divide the amount
the same sum in the table at 5 per cent by 2: at 3% per cent divide the amount
cent by 2, etc.
1
2
3
4
5 6
7
8 9
10 20
123456 Year.
1 3
$1
4..
5.
6.
7
1
1124
2235
2236
2347
1 l
111
111
$2
3. .
]_ ]
2236
2348
3 4 5 10
4 5 6 12
5 6 7 14
4
1
112
123
1 2 C
124
5..
fi
. . 1
I
7..
1
$3
3
1123459
1 2 3 4 5 6 12
1 3 4 5 6 8 15
2 3 5 6 8 9 18
2 4 5 7 9 11 21
4
1
1
1 1
1 1
5..
6..
7
.' .' " ]
S4
3
4
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 12
1 2 4 5 6 8 16
2 3 5 7 8 10 20
2 4 6 8 10 12 24
2 5 7 9 12 14 28
^
1
1 1
1 1
6
1 ]
1 ]
7..
1
35
3..
4
' i
1
1 1
1 1
1 2 4 5 7 8 15
1 3 5 6 8 10 20
2 4 6 8 10 13 25
3 5 8 10 13 15 30
3 6 9 12 15 18 35
5..
1 ]
7..
1
1
1112
S10
a, ,
1 1 1 1
2 5 7 10 12 15 30
3 6 10 13 16 20 40
4 8 13 17 21 25 50
6 10 15 20 25 30 60
6 12 18 23 29 35 70
4
5..
6
. . .
'i
i
'i
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1223
2223
2224
7..
S25
3
4
'i
i
i
i
'i
2
2
o
'i 'i
2 2
2 3
2 3
0
2
3
3
2235
3337
3348
4 4 5 10
6 12 19 25 31 38 75
8 16 25 33 41 50 1.00
10 21 31 42 52 63 1.25
13 25 ^8 50 63 75 1.50
15 29 44 58 73 88 1.75
5..
6..
7..
1
1
1
S50
3..
4
1
1
1
2
2
i
i
0
3
3
1
2
3
3
4
3 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
3
4
5
6
7
3448
4 5 6 11
6 6 7 14
7 8 8 17
8 9 9 19
12 25 37
16 33 50
21 42 63
25 50 75
29 58 88
50 62 75 1.50
67 83 1.00 2.00
83 1.04 1.25 2.50
1.00 1.25 1.50 3.00
1.17 1.46 1.75 3.50
5..
6..
7..
. 1
. 1
. 1
$100
Years.
1
1%.
3..
4..
5..
6..
7..
. 1
. 1
. 1
'. 2
1
2
3
3
4
3%.
1.03
1.04
1.06
1.07
1.09
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.17
1.19
1.21
1.23
1.24
1 °6
2
3
4
S
6
3456
4668
6 7 8 10
7 8 10 12
8 10 12 14
6 7 8 16
9 10 11 22
11 13 li 28
13 15 17 33
16 18 19 39
25 5 , 75
33 66 1.00
42 83 1.25
50 1.00 1.50
58 1.17 '-.7o
1.00 1.25 1.50 3.00
1.33 1.67 2.00 4.00
1.67 2.08 2.50 5.00
2.00 2.50 3.00 6.00
2.33 2.92 3.50 7.00
5%. 6%. 7%.
1.55 1.70 1.85
1.59 1.75 1.92
1.63 1.80 1.98
131.50 340.00 868.00
ETES AT INTEREST.
Interest.
Simple.Comp'd.
Rate. Years. Years.
4% 22.22 15.75
5 20.00 14.21
5% 18.18 12.94
6 16.67 11.90
6% 15.38 11.00
7 14 °9 10 24
COMPOUND INTERES
4%. 5%. 6%. 7%.
1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07
1.06 1.07 1.09 1.10
1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14
1.10 1.13 1.15 1.18
1.12 1.15 1.19 1.22
1.14 1.18 1.22 1.27
1.17 1.21 1.26 1.31
1.19 1.24 1.30 1.36
1.21 1.28 1.34 1.41
1.24 1.31 1.38 1.45
1.26 1.34 1.42 1.51
1.29 1.37 1.46 1.56
1.31 1.41 1.51 1.61
1.34 1.44 1.55 1.67
1.37 1.48 1.60 1.73
1.39 1.52 1.65 1.79
T ON ONE DOLLAR.
Years. 3%. 4%.
9 1.30 1.42
9%...
. 1.32 1.45
2
10 .
1 34 1 4£
2%....
100
WHEN
Rate.
1
19.25 50.50
MONEY DOUI
Interest.
Bimple.Comp'd.
Years. Years.
LOO.OO 69.66
66.66 46.56
50.00 35.00
40.00 28.07
33.33 23.45
28.57 20.15
25.00 17.67
3%.
4
4%. ..
I?!;
5%.
6
i*. ...
§:*: :::
3%. ...
6%...
7*.
7%
8^:::
8%...
1.28
7%... . 13.33 9.58
LANGUAGES OF
According- to Whitaker's Almanack the prin-
cipal European languages are divided as fol-
lows:
English... 160,000.000 , Spanish .. 50.000.000
German ..110.000.000 Italian ... 50.000.000
Russian ..100.000.000 I Portuguese 25.000,000
French ... 70,000.000 I
Swedish is spoken by 5,500.000 persons:
Norwegian and Danish by 6,000,000; Serbo- I
THE WORLD.
Croatian by 8.000.000: Bohemian or Czech by
7,000.000; Bulgarian by 5.600.000; Dutch by
3.500.000; Polish by 16.000.000: Greek by
9.000.000 and Flemish by 3.500,000. Chinese
is spoken by some 400,000.000 people if all
the various dialects are included, Japanese by
53.000,000 and Hindustani by about 100.000.-
000. There are about 5.000 different lan-
g-uag-es spoken in the world.
126
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
DAYS OF GRACE, INTEREST AND STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.
STATE.
Days of
grace.
INTEREST.
LIMITATIONS.
STATE.
o&
K
INTEREST.
LIMITATIONS.
-*
]3f!
1
§1
>>
M
a
^
|a
w
2
o
fc
3
0
|
<
$
73 a
UM
3
AS
81
M
3
faS
fl
>-5
I
fc
1
Alabama
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
NO
No
Yes*
No
Yes*
No
No
Yes
No
*-if-
8
6
6
I
6
6
6
8
7
7
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
b
5
7
6
6
P.ct.
8
12
10
12
Any
Any
6
6
10
1
12
7
8
8
1
8
Any
6
Any
i
8
Yrs.
20
10
10
5
£
"ifr-
8
7
6
20
20
20
5
15
10
20
12
20
10
10
7
10
Yrs.
1
ON
5
4
4
6
...§..
6
3
5
6
5
10
10
1
15
5
6
3
6
6
6
6
10
Yrs.
1
3
3
4
6
6
1
4
4
5
6
5
3
5
3
6
3
6
6
6
a
5
Montana
No
No
No
No*
No
YNeo8
Yes*
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
P.ct.
8
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
8
6
6
6
6
6
8
P.ct.
Any
10
Any
6
12
6
6
12
8
10
10
6
t
6
10
12
6
6
12
Yrs.
10
5
6
20
20
7
20
10
10
15
it
5
20
10
20
g
8
8
20
6
10
20
21
Yrs.
8
5
4
6
6
6
i
15
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
6
6
5
6
10
6
5
Yra.
5
4
4
6
6
4
6
6
3
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
j
6
6
8
Alaska
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire..
New Jersey
California ...
Colorado
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina...
North Dakota
Ohio
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia.
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Oklahoma
Oregon
Illinois
Pennsylvania —
Rhode Island....
South Carolina...
South Dakota
Tennessee.
Texas
Indiana
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts —
Michigan
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Missouri
*Sight, yes; demand, no. t Under seal 10. JNo law. §Negotiable notes 6, nonnegotiable 17.
TABLE OF MONTHLY WAGES.
DAYS.
$10
$11
$12
$13
$14
$15
$16
$17
$18
$19
$20
$21
$22
$23
$24
$25
1
2
.38
.77
1.15
1.54
1.92
2.31
2.69
3.08
3.46
3.85
4.23
4.62
5.00
5.38
5.77
6.15
S3
7.31
7.69
8.08
8.46
8.85
9.23
9.62
.42
.85
1.27
1.69
2.12
2.54
2.96
3.38
3.81
4.23
4.65
5.08
5.50
5.92
6.35
6.77
7.19
7.62
8.04
8.46
8.88
9.31
9.73
10.15
10.58
.46
.92
1.38
1.85
2.31
2.77
3.23
3.C.9
4.15
4.62
5.08
5.44
6.00
6.46
6.92
7.38
7.85
8.31
8.77
9.23
9. 69
10.15
10.02
11.08
n.54
.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
n.oo
11.50
12.00
12.50
.54
1.08
1.62
2.15
2.69
8.23
3.77
4.31
4.85
5.38
5.92
6.46
7.00
7.54
8.08
8.62
9.15
9.69
10. 23
10.77
11.31
11. bi
12.38
12.92
13.46
i:Si
1.73
2.31
2.88
3.46
4.04
4.62
5.19
5.77
6.35
6.92
7.50
8.08
8.65
9:23
9.81
10.:>8
10.96
11.54
12.12
12 09
13.27
13.85
14.42
.62
1.23
1.85
2.46
3.08
3.69
4.31
4.92
5.54
6.15
6.77
7.38
8.00
8.62
9.23
9.85
10.4(1
11.08
11.69
12.31
12.92
13.54
14.15
14.77
15.38
.65
1.31
1.96
2.62
3.27
3.92
4.58
5.23
5. 88
6.54
7.19
7.85
8.50
9.15
9.81
10.16
11.12
11.77
12.42
13.03
13.73
14.38
15.04
15.69
16.35
.69
1.38
2.08
2.77
3.46
4.15
4.85
5.54
6.23
6.92
7.62
8.31
9.00
9.69
10.38
11.08
11.77
12.46
13.15
l:;.S5
14.54
15.23
15.92
16.62
17.31
.73
1.46
2.19
2.92
3.65
4.38
5.12
5.85
6.58
7.31
8.04
8.77
9.50
10.23
10.96
11.69
12.42
13.15
13.88
14.62
15.35
16.08
16.81
17.54
18.27
.'< i
1.54
2.31
3.08
3.85
4.B2
5.38
6.15
6.92
7.69
8.46
9.23
10.00
10.77
11.54
12.31
13.08
13.8.->
14.62
15.38
16.15
16.94
17.69
18.46
19.23
.81
1.62
2.42
3.23
4.04
4.85
5.65
6.46
7.27
8.08
8.88
9.69
10.50
11.31
12.12
12.92
13.73
14.54
15.35
16.15
16.96
17.77
18.58
19.38
20.19
.85
1.69
2.54
3.38
4.23
5.08
5.92
6.77
7.62
8.46
9.31
10.15
11.00
11.85
12.69
13.54
14.38
15.23
16.08
16.92
17.77
18.02
19.46
20.31
21.15
.88
1.77
2.65
3.54
4.42
5.31
6.19
7.08
7.96
8.85
9.73
10.62
11.50
12.38
13.27
14.15
15.04
15.92
10. SI
17.69
18.58
19.46
20.35
21.23
22.12
.92
I.fc5
2.77
3.69
4.62
5.54
6.46
7.38
8.31
9.23
10.15
11.08
12.00
12.92
13.8ft
14. T,
15.69
16.62
17.54
18.46
19.38
20.31
21.23
22.15
23.08
.96
1.92
2.88
3.85
4.81
5.77
6.73
7.69
10'.58
11.54
12.50
13.46
14.42
15.38
16.35
17.31
18.27
19.23
20.19
21.15
22.12
23.08
24.04
3
4...,
5
6
7
8
9
10....
11
12
13
it::::::::::::::
16....
17
18
19. ..
20
21...
'22.. .
23
24
25
TABLE OF YEARLY WAGES.
Per
year.
Per
month.
Per
week.
Per
day.
Per
year.
Per
month.
Per
week.
Per
day.
Per
year.
Per
month.
Per
week.
Per
day.
$20 is
25
$1 67
2.08
$0.38
.48
$0.05
.07
$100 is
105
$8.33
8.75
$1.92
2.01
$0.27
.29
$180 is
185
$15.00'
15.42
$3.45
3.55
$0.49
.51
30
250
.58
.08
110
9.17
2.11
.30
190
15.83
3.64
.52
2.92
.67
.10
115
9.58
2.21
.32
195
16.25
3.74
.53
3.33
.77
.11
120
10.00
2.30
.33
200
16.57
3.84
.55
3.V5
.86
.12
125
10.42
2.40
.34
205
17.08
3.93
50
4.17
.96
.14
130
10.83
2.49
.36
210
17.50
.03
" CO
55
4.58
1.06
.15
135
11.25
2.59
.37
215
17.92
12
' CQ
60 -
5.00
.15
.16
140
11.67
2.69
.38
220
18.33
.22
.60
65
5.42
.25
.18
145
12.08
2.78
.40
225
18.75
< SI
.62
70
5.83
.34
.19
150
12.50
2.88
.41
230
19.17
*41
.63
75
6.25
.44
.21
155
12.92
2.9V
.42
235
19.58
!51
.64
80
6.67
.53
.22
160
13.33
3.07
.44
240
20.00
.60
.66
85
90
(M
.63
.23
.25
165
170
13.75
14.17
3.16
3.26
.45
.47
245
250
20.42
20.83
.70
.79
.67
.69
95
7.92
.26
175
14.58
3.30
.48
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
127
ACCUMULATION OF ANNUITY OF $1 AT COMPOUND INTEREST.
Tr,
2%%
1.00000
3%
1.00000
3%%
1.00000
4%
1.00000
4%%
1.00000
6%
1.00000
67o
1.00000
2...
.. 2.02500
2.03000
2.03500
2.04000
2.04500
§.05000
2.06000
3
.. 3.07563
3.09090
3.10623
3.12160
3.13703
.15250
3.18360
4...
4.15252
4.18363
4.21494
4.24646
4.27819
4.31013
4.37462
5..
.. 5.25633
5.30914
5.36247
5.41632
5.47071
5.52563
5 63709
6...
6.38774
6.46841
6.55015
6.63298
6.71689
6.80191
6.97532
7
.. 7.54743
7.66246
7.77941
7.89829
8.01915
8.14201
8.39384
8
.. 8.73612
8.89234
9.05169
9.21423
9.38001
9.54911
9.89747
9
9.95452
10.15911
10.36850
10.58280
10.80211
11.02656
11.49132
10
...11.20338
11.46388
11.73139
12.00611
12 °88°1
12.57789
13.18079
11
12.48347
12.80780
13.14199
13.48635
13.'84118
14.20679
14.97164
12...
13.79555
14.19203
14.60196
15.02581
15.46403
15.91713
16.86994
13
...15.14044
15.61779
16.11303
16.62684
17.15991
17.71298
18.88214
14
..16.51895
17.08632
17.67699
18.29191
18.93211
19.59863
21.01507
15
...17.93193
18.59891
19.29568
20.02359
20.78405
21.57856
23.27597
16...
19.38022
20.15688
20.97130
21.82453
22.71934
23.65749
25.67253
17...
20.86473
21.76159
22.70502
23.69751
24.74171
25.84037
28.21288
18
...22.38635
23.41444
24.49969
25.64541
26.85508
28.13238
30.90565
19
23.94601
25.11687
26.35718
27.67123
29.06356
30.53900
33.75999
20
...25.54466
26.87037
28.27968
29.77808
31.37142
33.06595
36.78559
21...
27.18327
28.67649
30.26947
31.96920
33.78314
35.71925
39.99273
22
......28.86286
30.53678
32.32890
34.24797
36.30338 .
38.50521
43.39229
23...
30.58443
32.45288
34.46041
36.61789
38.93703
41.43048
46.99583
24
32.34904
34.42647
36.66653
39.08260
41.68920
44.50200
50.81558
25
...34.15776
36.45926
38.94986
41.64591
44.56521
47.72710
54.86451
26.
36.01171
38.55304
41.31310
44.31174
47.57064
51.11345
59.15638
27...
37.91200
40.70963
43.75906
47.08421
50.71132
54.66913
63.70577
28
39.85980
42.93092
46.29063
49.96758
53.99333
58.40258
68.52811
29...
41.85630
45.21885
48.91080
52.96629
57.42303
62.32271
73.63980
30...
...43.90270
47.57542
51.62268
56.08494
61.00707
66.43885
79.05819
31
46.00027
50.00268
54.42947
59.32834
64.75239
70.76079
84.80168
32
...48.15028
52.50276
57.33450
62.70147
68.66625
75.29883
90.88978
33..
50.35403
55.07784
60.34121
66.20953
72.75623
80.06377
97.34316
34...
52.61289
57.73018
63.45315
69.85791
77.03026
85.06696
104.18375
35
54.92821
60.46208
66.67401
73.65222
81.49662
90.32031
111.43478
36...
57.30141
63.27594
70.00760
77.59831
86.16397
95.83632
119.12087
37...
59.73395
66.17422
73.45787
81 70225
91.04134
101.62814
127.26812
38
62.22730
69.15945
77.02889
85.97034
96.13820
107.70955
135.90421
39...
64.78298
72.23423
80.72491
90.40915
101.46442
114.09502
145,05846
40
67.40256
75.40126
84.55028
95.02552
107.03032
120,79977
154.76197
41...
...70.08762
78.66330
88.50954
99.82654
112.84669
127.83976
165.04768
42
72.83981
82.02320
92.60737
104.81960
118.92479
135.23175
175.95054
43...
...75.66081
85.48389
96.84863
110.01238
125.27640
142.99334
187.50758
44..
78.55232
89.04841
101.23833
115.41288
131.91384
151.14301
199.75803
45
...81.51613
92.71986
105.78167
121.02939
138.84997
159.70016
212.74351
46
84.55403
96.50146
110.48403
126.87057
146.09821
168.68516
226.50812
47
87.66789
100.39650
115.35097
132.94539
153.67263
178.11942
241.09861
48
90.85958
104.40840
120.38826
139.26321
161.58790
188.02539
256.56453
49
94.13107
108.54065
125.60185
145.83373
169.85936
198.42666
272.95840
50
97.48435
112.79687
130.99791
152.66708
178.50303 -
209.34800
290.33590
PRESENT VALUE OF
AN ANNUITY OF $1.
Yrs.
2%%
3%
3%%
4%
4%%
5%
6%
1
^ 0.97561
0.97087
0.96618
0.96154
0.95694
0.95238
0.94340
o
;T 1.92742
1.91347
1.89969
1.88609
1.87267
1.85941
1.83339
3
2.85602
§.82861
2.80164
2.77509
2.74896
2 72325
2.67301
4
... 3.76197
3.71710
3.67308
3.62990
3.58753
3.54595
3.46511
5...
.. 4.64583
4.57971
4.51505
. 4.45182
4.38998
4.32948
4.21236
6
5.50813
5.41719
5.32855
5.24214
5.15787
5.07569
4.91732
7...
.. 6.34939
6.23028
6.11454
6.00205
5.89270
5.78637
5.58238
8
7.17014
7.01969
6.87396
6.73274
6.59589
6.46321
6.20979
9
7.97087
7.78611
7.60769
7.43533
7.26879
7.10782
6.80169
10
8.75206
8.53020
8.31661
8.11090
7.91272
7.72173
7.36009
11
9.51421
9.25262
9.00155
8.76048
8.52892
8.30641
7.88687
12
10.25776
9.95400
9.66333
9.38507
9.11858
8.86325
8.38384
13
10.98319
10.63496
10.30274
9.98565
9.68285
9.39357
8.85268
14...
11.69091
11.29607
10.92052
10.56312
10.22283
9.89864
9.29498
15...
12.38138
11.93794
11.51741
11.11839
10.73955
10.37966
9.71225
16.
13.05500
12.56110
12 09412
11.65230
11.23402
10.83777
10.10590
17.
..13.71°20
13 J 6612
12.65132
12.16567
11.70719
11.27407
10.47726
18
1435336
13.75351
13.18968
12.65930
12.15999
11.68959
10.82760
19
14.97889
14.32380
13.70984
13.13394
12.59329
12.08532
11.15812
20.
15.58916
14.87747
14.21240
13.59033
13.00794
12.46221
11.46992
21...
16.18455
15.41502
14.69797
14.02916
13.J0472
12.82115
11.76408
22
16.76541
15.93092
15.16712
14.45112
13.78442
13.16300
12.04158
23...
17.3.3211
16.44361
15. 62 041
14.85684
14.14777
13.48857
12.30338
24
17.88499
16.93554
16.05837
15.24696
14.49548
13.79864
12.55036
25....
18.42438
17.41215
16 48151
15.62208
14.82821
14.09394
12.78336
26
18.95061
17.S7684
16.89035
15.98277
15.14661
14.37519
13.00317
27.
39.46401
18.32703
17.28536
16!.32959
15.45130
14.64303
13.21053
28
...in.nfi.iso
18.76411
17 66702
16 66306
15 74287
14.89813
13.<iOfl16
29
20.45355
19.18845
18 03577
16.98371
16.02189
15.14107
13.59072
30
20.93029
19.60044
18.39205
17.29203
16.28889
15,37245
13.76483
31,,
21.39541
20.00043
18.73628
17.58849
16.54439
15.59281
13.92909
128
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Yrs. 2%% 3% 3%%
32 21.84918 20.38877 19.06887
33 22.29188 20.76579 19.39021
34 22.72379 21.13184 19.70068
35 23.14516 21.48722 20.00066
36 23.55625 21.83225 20.29049
37 23.95732 22.16724 20.57053
38 24.34860 22.49246 20.84109
39 24.73034 22.80822 21.10250
40 25.10278 23.11477 21.35507
41 25.46612 23.41240 21.59910
42 25.82061 23.70136 21.83488
43 26.16645 23.98190 22.06269
44 26.50385 24.25427 22.28279
45 26.83302 24.51871 22.49545
46 27.15417 24.77545 22.70092
47 27.46748 25.02471 22.89944
48 27.77315 25.26671 23.09124
49 28.07137 25.50166 23.27656
50 28.36231 25.72976 23.45562
55 29.71398 26.77443 24.26405
60 30.90866 27.67556 24.94473
65 31.96458 28.45289 25.51785
70 32.89786 29.12342 26.00040
75 33.72274 29.70183 26.40669
80 34.45182 30.20076 26.74878
85 35.09621 30.63115 27.03680
ANNUITY WHICH $1 WILL
Yrs. 2%% 3% 3V2%
1 1.02500 1.03000 1.03500
2... .51883 .52261 .52640
3 35014 .35353 .35693
4 26582 .26903 .27225
5 21525 .21835 .22148
6 18155 .18470 .18767
7... .15760 .16051 .16354
8 13947 .14246 .14548
9... .12546 .12843 .13145
10 11426 .11723 .12024
11... .10511 .10808 .11109
12 Q9749 .10046 .10348
13 09105 .09403 .09706
14... .08554 .08853 .09157
15 08077 .08377 .08683
16... .07670 .07961 .08268
17 07293 .07595 .07904
18... .06967 .07271 .07582
19... .06676 .06981 .07294
20... .06415 .06722 .07036
21... .06179 .06487 .06804
22 05965 .06275 .06593
23... .05780 .06081 .06402
24 05591 .05905 .06227
25... .05428 .05743 .06067
26... .05277 .05594 .05921
27 05138 .05456 .05785
28... .05009 .05329 .05660
29... ,0i889 .05211 .05545
30... .04778 .05102 .05437
31... .04674 .05010 .05337
32 .01577 .04905 .05244
33... .0-4486 .04816 .05157
34... 04401 .04732 .05076
35... .04321 .04654 .05010
36... .04245 .04580 .04928
37. 04174 .04511 .04861
38... .04107 .04446 .04798
39... 03044 .04384 .04739
40 03984 .04326 .04683
41 03927 .04271 .04640
42... .03873 .04219 .04590
43 03822 .04180 .04533
44 03773 .04123 .04488
45... .03727 .04079 .04445
46 03683 .04036 .04405
47... .03641 .03996 .04367
48... .03601 .03958 .04331
49 03562 .03921 .04296
60 03526 .03887 .04263
55... .03365 .03735 .04121
60 03225 .03613 .04009
65 03128 .03515 .03919
70 03040 .03434 .03846
75 02965 .03367 .03787
80.... .02903 .03311 .03738
4%
17.87355
18.14765
18.41120
18.66461
18.90828
19.14258
19.36786
19.58448
19.79277
19.99305
20.18563
20.37079
20.54884
20.72004
20.88465
21.04294
21.19513
21.34147
21.48218
22.10861
22.62349
23.04668
23.39451
23.68041
23.91539
24.10853
BUY FOR
4%
1.04000
.53030
.36035
.27549
.22463
.19076
.16661
.14853
.13449
42329
.11415
.10655
.10014
.09467
.08994
.08582
.08230
.07899
.07614
.07358
.07128
.06930
.06731
.06559
.06401
.06257
.06124
.06001
.05888
.05783
.05686
.05595
v .05510
X.05431
.05358
.05289
.05224
.05163
.05106
.05052
.05002
.04954
.04909
.04866
.04826
.04788
.04752
.04718
.04686
.04655
.04523
.04420
.04339
.04275
.04223
.04181
16.78889
17.02286
17.24676
17.46101
17.66604
17.86224
18.04999
18.22966
18.40158
18.56611
18.72355
18.87421
19.01838
19.15635
19.28837
19.41471
19.53561
19.65130
19.76201
20.24802
20.63802
20.95098
21.20211
21.40363
21.56534
21.69511
15.80268
16.00255
16.19290
16.37419
16.54685
16.71129
16.86789
17.01704
17.15909
17.29437
17.42321
17.54591
17.6627.7
17.77407
17.88007
17.98102
18.07716
18.16872
18.25593
18.63447
18.92929
19.16107
19.34268
19.48497
19.59646
19.68382
YEARS GIVEN.
4%%
1.04500
.53410
.36377
.27874
.22779
.19388
.16970
.15161
.13757
.12638
.11725
.10967
.10328
.09782
.09311
.08902
.08542
.08224
.07941
.07688
.07460
.07255
.07068
.06899
.06744
.06602
.06472
.06352
.06241
.06139
.06044
.05956
.05874
.05798
.05727
.05661
.05598
.05540
.05486
.05434
.05386
.05341
.05298
.05258
.05220
.05184
.05151
.05119
.05089
.05060
.04939
.04845
.04773
.04717
.04672
.04637
5%
1.05000
.53780
.36721
.28201
.23097
.19702
.17282
.15472
.14069
.13950
.12039
.11283
.10646
.10102
.09634
.09227
.08880
.08555
.08275
.08024
.07810
.07597
.07414
.07247
.07095
.06956
.06829
.06712
.06605
.06505
.06413
.06328
.06249
.06176
.06107
.06043
.05984
.05928
.05876
.05828
.05782
.05739
.05699
.05662
.05626
.05593
.05561
.05532
.05504
.05478
.05367
.05283
.05219
.05170
.05132
.05103
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
129
TVEIGHTS OF DIAMONDS
The weight of diamonds and other precious
stones is expressed in metric carats. The unit
is the international carat of 200 milligrams,
which has been officially adopted by the
United States and most of the countries in
Europe. Until July 1. 1913. there were three
different standards in use in the United States,
although the one generally accepted was 205.3
milligrams. This was usually subdivided on
the binary system, the smallest subdivision
being- 1-64 of the carat. The new carat is
subdivided on the decimal system.
Equivalents of old carats in new metric carats :
AND FINENESS OF GOLD.
New metric. I Old carat. New metric
000 .......... 1-02S-60
Old carat. New metric.
1-64 0.02
1-32 0.03
1-16 0.06
% 0.13
% 0.26
% 0.51
1 1.03
2 2.05
3 3.08
4 4.11
5... . 5.13
Old carat. New metric.
6 6.16
7... 7.19
8 8.21
9 9.24
10 10.26
25 25.66
50 51.32
75 76.99
100 102.65
200 205.30
300... .. 307.95
Equivalents of new metric carats in old carats:
New carat. Old carat.
New carat.
Old carat.
19 31-64
24 23-64
48 45-64
73 4-64
100 9727-64
1 62-64 20
2 161-64 25...
3 259-64 50
4 357-64 75
5 456-64
6 554-64 200 19454-64
7 652-64 300 29216-64
8 751-64 400 38943-64
9 849-64 500 487 6-64
iEV:H:i JttarM* 97412-8*
The fineness of gold is also expressed in
carats. Pure gold is said to be twenty-four
carats fine. If it contains eight parts of a
baser metal or alloy it is only sixteen carats
fine. The carats therefore indicate the pro-
portion of pure gold to alloy. Most of the gold
used by jewelers is about fourteen carats fine,
having ten parts of alloy.
THE WORLD'S MOST FAMOUS DIAMONDS.
Name. Carats.
Cullinan 3.025
D'Angleterre (blue). 44%
Etoile Polaire 40
Etoile du Sud 124
GrandDucdeToscane 133.16
Great Mogul 2793-16
Name. Carats.
Imperatrice Eugenie. . 51
Kohinoor (1st cutt'g).279
Kohinoor (2d cutti'g) .106 1-16
Loterie d'Angleterre.. 49
Nassak 78%
Orloff 194%
. Name. Carats.
Pacha d'Egypt 40
Regent 136%
Sancy 53%
Shah 86
Tiffany 969
Tiffany (yellow) 125
ABBREVIATIONS OF
Following is a list of some of the more com-
mon abbreviations used after the names of per-
sons to designate title, rank, degree, member-
ship in societies, orders or public bodies, etc.:
A. R. A.— Associate of the Royal Academy.
B. A. — Bachelor of Arts.
B. D.— Bachelor of Divinity.
B. Sc. — Bachelor of Science.
C. B. — Companion of the Bath.
C. E.— Civil Engineer.
C. I. E.— Companion of Order of Indian Empire.
C.J.— Chief Justice.
C. M. G. — Companion of Order of St. Michael
and St. George.
C. V. O.— Companion of Victorian Order.
D. D.— Doctor of Divinity.
D. Sc. — Doctor of Science.
D. S. O. — Distinguished Service Order.
F. R. G S. — Fellow of the Royal Geographical
Society.
F. R. S.— Fellow of the Royal Society.
J. P.— Justice of the Peace.
K. C. — King's Counsel.
K. C. B. — Knight Commander of the Bath.
BURIAL PLACES
George Washington— Mount Vernon. Va.
John Adams — Quincv. Mass.
Thomas Jefferson— Monticello. Va.
James Madison — Montpelier. Va.
James Monroe — Richmond. Va.
John Quincy Adams— Quincy, Mass.
Andrew Jackson — Hermitage, Nashville, Tenn.
Martin Van Buren— Kinderhook. N. Y.
William Henry Harrison— North Bend. O.
John Tyler — Richmond, Va.
James Knox Polk— Nsuiliville. Tenn.
Zachary Taylor — Springfield, Ky.
ROMAN AND ARABIC NUMERALS.
TITLES, DEGREES, ETC.
K. C. M. G.— Knight Commander of Order of St
Michael and St. George.
K. C. V. O.— Knight Commander of the Victoriaa
Order.
K. G.— Knight of the Garter.
L. H. D.— Doctor of Humanities.
LL. B. — Bachelor of Laws.
LL. D. — Doctor of Laws.
Litt. D.— Doctor of Literature.
M. A.— Master of Arts.
M. C. — Member of Congress
M. D.— Doctor of Medicine.
M. P.— Member of Parliament.
M. V. O.— Member of the Victorian Order.
.N.A. — National Academician.
O. M.— Order of Merit.
P. C.— Privy Councilor.
Ph. D.— Doctor of Philosophy.
R. A. — Royal Academician.
S. J— Society of Jesus.
S. T. D.— Doctor of Sacred Theology.
I U. S. A.— United States Army.
U. S. N.— United States Navy.
! V.C.— Victoria Cross.
OF PRESIDENTS.
Millard Fillmore— Buffalo. N. Y
Franklin Pierce— Concord. N. H.
James Buchanan— Lancaster. Pa
Abraham Lincoln— Springfield, 111.
Ulysses S. Grant— New York. N. Y
Rutherford B. HP yes— Fremont O
James A. Garfield— Cleveland O
Chester A. Arthur— Albnny. N Y
Benjamin Harrison— Indianapolis. Ind.
William McKinley— Canton. O.
Grover Cleveland— Princeton. N. J.
Theodore Roosevelt— Oyster Bay. N. Y.
THE PULSE AT DIFFERENT AGES.
Newborn infants, per minute 130 to 140
First year, per minute 115 to 130
Second year, per minute 95 to 110
Third year, per minute 85 to 95
Seventh to fourteenth year, per min. 80 to 90
-,— - -- 1910 In adult age, per minute 70 to 75
8 MCMXX ... 1920 In old age. per minute 60 to 75
I
i
TX
9
II
cy
x
10
in .
«^
50
rv
4
c
100
v. .
.. 5
D ..
.. 500
VI ..
6
M
1000
vn. .
.. 7
..1910
130
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
HIGHEST AND LOWEST POINTS IN THE WORLD.
CONTINENTAL ALTITUDES.
In order to compare the elevations in the
United States with those in foreign countries
the following list is given, but many ol the
figures, showing- feet above and below eea
level, must be considered as approximate
only:
Aoovft «"a Below sea
Continent. Highest point. level (ft.). Lowest point. level (ft.)
North America . Mount McKinley. Alaska 20,300. .Death valley. California 27ft*
South America . Mount Aconcagua, Chile-Argentina.23,080..Sea level V.*.'.".'.
Europe Mont Blanc. Prance 15, 782.. Caspian sea, Russia ".! * *86
Asia Mount Everest. India-China 29, 002.. Dead sea, Palestine.. 1290
Africa Kibo peak. German East Africa 19,320.. Desert of Sahara... ' '150
Australia Mount Kosciusko. New South Wales 7,328.. Lake Torrens. South Australia 25
HIGHEST MOUNTAINS.
Mountain.
Feet. I Mountain.
Feet.
Mt. Everest... 29,002
Godwin - Aus-
ten ......... 28,280
Kunchinginga.28,156
Gusherbrum .26,378
Dhawalagiri . . 26,826
Mountain.
Mercedario
Huascaran
Anconhuma
Feet.
..22,315
..22.188
.21 490
Mountain. Feet.
Chimborazo ..20.498
Tupungato ..20,286
Haina 20 171
niampu . . .
.21,192
San Jose 20 020
Huandoy . .
Ulimani ...
Pamiri . .
..20.847
.21.030
.,20.735
North America —
McKinley ....20.300
Kutha Kangir.24.740
Nanda Devi. .25,600
Mustaghata ..24.400
Chumalari ...23.946
South America-
Aconcagua ...23.080
HIGH MOUNTAINS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Alaska— Feet.
Mt. McKinley 20.300
St. Elias 18,026
California—
Mt. Whitney 14,501
Mt. Williamson 14.384
Mt. Shasta 14,380
Mt. Russell 14.190
Mt.Langley 14.042
Mt. Muir 14,025
Mt. Tyndall 14,025
Mt. Barnard 14.003
Colorado —
Mt. Elbert 14,436
Blanca peak 14.390
Mt. Harvard 14.375
Gray's peak 14.341
Feet.
Mt. Lincoln 14,297
Uncompahgre peak... .14,289
Long's peak 14,271
Mt. Princeton 14,196
Mt.Yale ., ...14.187
Pike's peak... 14.108
Mt. of Holy Cross. . . . .14,006
Spanish peaks 13.620
Idaho — Feet.
Hyndman peak 12,078
Montana —
Granite peak 12,850
Mt.Wood 12.750
Cold mountain 12,610
Mt. Villa 12,200
Mt. Hague 12,100
HIGHEST POINT IN EACH STATE AND TERRITORY.
[From table compiled by the United States geological survey.]
Feet.
Snobank Mt 12,000
Oregon— Mt. Hood 11,225
Utah— King's peak 13.49*
Mt. Emmons 13.428
Gilbert peak 13.422
Mt. Lovenia 13.250
Tokewanna peak 13.200
Wilson peak 13.095
Washington —
Mt. Rainier 14,363
Mt. Adams 12.470
Wyoming —
Gannett peak 13.785
Grand Teton 13,747
Fremont peak 13,730
Cloud peak 13.165
State and place.
Elevation.
Alabama. Che-aw-ha mountain 2.407
Alaska, Mount McKinley 20,300
Arizona, San Francisco peak 12.611
Arkansas, Magazine and Blue mountains 2.800
California, Mount Whitney 14,501
Colorado. Mounts Elbert and Massive 14,402
Connecticut, Bear mountain 2,355
Delaware. Centerville 440
District of Columbia, Tenley 420
Florida, Mount Pleasant 301
Georgia, Brasstown Bald mountain 4,768
Idaho, Hyndman peak 12,078
Illinois, Charles mound, Joe Daviess co.. 1,241
Indiana. Carlos, Randolph county 1,210
Iowa, five miles southeast of Sibley 1,670
Kansas, west boundary north of Arkan-
sas river 4,135
Kentucky, Big Black mountain, Harlan
county 4,100
Louisiana, summits in western parishes. 400
Maine, Mount Katahdin (west) 5,273
Maryland. Backbone mountain 3,340
Massachusetts, Mount Greylock 3.505 \
Michigan, Porcupine mountain 2,023
Minnesota, Mesabi range, St. Louis co. . 1,920
Mississippi. Holly Springs 600
Missouri, Tom Sauk mountain 1,750
Montana. Granite peak 12,850
Nebraska. Banner county 5.350
Nevada. Wheeler peak 13.058
New Hampshire, Mount Washington 6,293
New Jersey, High Point 1,809
New Mexico, North Truchas peak 13,306
New York. Mount Marcy 5.344
North Carolina. Mount Mitchell 6.711
North Dakota, south part of Bowman co. 3.500
Ohio. Campbell's hill. Logan county 1,550
Oklahoma, west end Cimarron county. . 4.750
Oregon. Mount Hood 11.225
Pennsylvania. Blue Knob 3.136
State and place. Elevation.
Rhode Island. Durfee hill 805
South Carolina. Sassafras mountain 3,548
South Dakota, Harney peak 7,242
Tennessee, Mount Guyot...
6.636
Texas, El Capitan, Guadaloupe mountain 9.020
Utah, King's peak 13,498
Vermont. Mount Mansfield 4,364
Virginia, Mount Rogers 5.719
Washington, Mount Rainier 14.408
West Virginia. Spruce Knob 4,860
Wisconsin. Rib hill. Marathon county... 1,940
Wyoming. Mount Gannett 13.785
Guam. Mount Jummulong Mangloc 1,274
Hawaii. Mauna Kea 13,823
Philippines, Mount Apo 9,610
Porto Rico, Luquillo mountains 3,532
AREAS OF OCEANS AND GREAT LAKES.
Oceans. Sq. miles. I Sq. miles.
Antarctic. 5.731,350 Great Slave. ...12 000
Arctic ... 4,781,000 I Huron 23,800
Atlantic. .34,801,400 : Michigan 22,450
Pacific ...67.699.610
Lakes— Baikal 13 000
Ontario 7.240
1 Superior 31 200
Chad 50.000
Erie 9,960
Great Bear 10,000
Tanganyika 15.000
Victoria Nyanza.26.500
Winnipeg 9,000
AVERAGE DEPTH OF
F«^t.
Antarctic 10,800
Arctic 5.160
Atlantic 12 200
OCEANS AND SEAS.
Feet.
Caribbean 7.614
China 402
Japan 7 320
Indian 11.136
Pacific 12 960
Mediterranean... 4.560
Mexico Gulf of 4 632
Baltic 122
North 300
Bering 900
The mean depth of i
is estimated to be fron
Okhotsk 5,040
ill the oceans and seas
L 2 to 2% miles.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
131
STATE MOTTOES.
Following- are the mottoes adopted by the
various states of the union and appearing- on
their state seals except as otherwise noted:
Alabama— Here we rest.
Arizona— Ditat Deus (God enriches).
Arkansas — Regnant populi (The people rule) .
California — Eureka (I have found it).
Colorado— Nil nisi numine (Nothing- without
Providence) .
Connecticut — Qui transtulit sustinet (Who
transplanted sustains) .
Delaware — Liberty and independence.
Florida — In God we trust.
Georgia— Wisdom, justice, moderation.
Idaho — Esto perpetua (May it be perpetual) .
Illinois — State sovereignty, national union.
Indiana — (No motto).
Iowa — Our liberties we prize and our rights
we will maintain.
Kansas— Ad astra per aspera (To the stars
through difficulties).
Kentucky— United we stand, divided we fall.
Louisiana — Union, justice, confidence.
Maine — Dirigo (I direct).
Maryland — Fa tti maschii, parole femine
(Deeds, men; words, women).
Massachusetts — Ense petit placidam sub lib-
ertate quietem (By the sword he seeks repose
settled under liberty) .
Michigan— Si quseris peninsulam amcenam,
circumspice (If you seek a delightful penin-
sula, look about you) .
Minnesota— L'etoile du nord (Star of the
north).
Mississippi — (No motto).
Missouri — Salus populi suprema lex esto (Let
the people's safety be the supreme law).
Montana— Oro y plata (Gold and silver).
Nebraska — Equality before the law.
Nevada — All for our country.
New Hampshire — (No motto).
New Jersey— Liberty and prosperity.
New Mexico — Crescit eundo (It increases as
it advances) .
New York— Excelsior (Higher).
North Carolina — lEsse quam videri (To be
rather than to seem).
North Dakota — Liberty and union, now and
forever, one and inseparable.
Ohio— (No motto).
Oklahoma — Labor omnia vincit (Labor con-
quers all things) .
Oregron — The union.
Pennsylvania— Virtue, liberty and independ-
ence.
Rhode IsL.nd — Hope.
South Carolina — Animis opibusque parati
(Ready in soul and resource) and Dum spiro
spero (While I breathe I hope).
South Dakota — Under God the people rule.
Tennessee— Agriculture, commerce.
Texas-^Has no official motto, but "Texas — one
and indivisible," adopted by the Daughters of
the Republic of Texas, is sometimes used.
Utah— Industry. (State seal indicates indus-
try and independence.)
Vermont — Freedom and unity.
Virginia— Sic semper tyrannis (Thus ever to
tyrants) .
Washington— (No motto).
West Virginia — Montani semper liberi (Moun-
taineers are always free) .
Wisconsin — Forward.
Wyoming— Equal rights.
United States — E pluribus unum (Out of
many, one) .
STATE NICKNAMES AND FLOWERS.
State.
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas. . . .
California
Coloradp
Connecticut. ..
Delaware.. . .- .
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois*
Indiana!
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana ....
Maine ,
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michig-an
Minnesota
Mississippi. . . .
Montana
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
Nickname. Flower.
Cotton state. . . . Goldenrod.
Sequoia cactus.
Bear state Apple blossom.
.Golden state.. . Poppy.
Centennial state Columbine.
Nutmeg state.. .Mountainlaurel.
Blue Hen state . Peach blossom.
Peninsula state.
Cracker state.. . Cherokee rose.
Syring-a.
Sucker state . . . Violet.
Hoosier state... Carnation.
.Hawkeye state. Wild rose.
Sunflower state. Sunflov.'er.
Blue Grass state. Blue grass.
Pelican state. . . Magnolia.
Pine Tree state. :?ine cone.
Old Line state.
Bay state.
Wolverine state.Apple blossom.
Gopher state. . . Moccasin.
Bayou state Magnolia.
Stub Toe state. Bitter root.
Goldenrpd.
Goldenrod.
Silver state.
State. Nickname. Flower.
N. Hampshire. Granite state.
New Jersey. . . . Jersey Blue state Sug-. maple (tree)
New York Empire state . . . Rose.
North Carolina Old North state.
North Dakota. Flickertail state. Goldenrod.
Ohio Buckeye state.
Oklahoma .- Mistletoe.
Oregon Beaver state. . . Oregon grape.
Pennsylvania . .Keystone state.
Rhode Island. . Little Rhody.. . Violet.
South Carolina Palmetto state.
South Dakota. Sunshine state. Pasqueflower.
Tennessee Big- Bend state .
Texas Lone Star state. Bluebonnet.
Utah Se&o lily.
Vermont Green Mountain
state Red clover.
Virginia The Old Dominion
Washington... Evergreen state. Rhododendron.
West Virginia. The Panhandle. Rhododendron.
Wisconsin Badger state. . . Violet.
Note — Only nicknames that are well known
and "state flowers" officially adopted or com-
monly accepted are given in the foregoing- list.
*Native state tree, the native oak. tOfficial
state song. "On the Banks of the Wabash."
FLOWER AND GEM SYMBOLS OF MONTHS.
Month. Flower. Gem.
January Snowdrop Garnet.
February Primrose Amethyst.
March Viplet Bloodstone.
April Daisy Diamond.
May Hawthorn Emerald.
June Honeysuckle. . . . Chalcedony.
July Water lily Ruby.
Aug-ust Poppy Sardonyx.
September Morning- glory . . Sardonyx.
October. Hops Aquamarine.
JNovemoer Chrysanthemum Topaz.
December Holly Turquoise.
The above grem symbols are those of Polish
tradition. The Jewish g-em symbols of the
months are: January, g-arnet: February, am-
ethyst: March, jasper; April, sapphire; May.
chalcedony, carnelian or agate; June, emerald:
July, onyx; August, carnelian: September,
chalcedony, carnelian or agate; June, emerald;
vember, topaz: December, ruby.
The birth stones authorized by the American
Jewelers' association are: January, g-arnet ;
February, amethyst ; March, aquamarine, blood-
stone; April, diamond; May, emerald: June,
pearl, moonstone; July, ruby; August, moon-
stone, peridot: September, sapphire; October,
opal, tourmaline; November, topaz: December,
turquoise, lapis lazuli.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
UNITED STATES CUSTOMS DUTIES.
Following- are the existing- tariff rates placed
by the Underwood-Simmons act of 1913 on
articles in common use or of extensive im-
portation. A list of the principal articles on
the free list is appended. Amounts given in
dollars and cents are specific and the percen-
ages are ad valorem duties. The abbreviation
"n. a. p." means "not specially provided for."
DUTIABLE LIST.
Schedule A— Chemicals, Oils and Paints.
Acids: Boracic, %c lb.: citric, 5c lb.; formic.
l%c lb.: gallic, (5c lb.; lactic and oxalic,
IJ/aC lb.; pyrogallic, 12c lb.; salicylic, 2Vfec
lb.; tannic, 5c lb.; tartaric, 3%c lb.; acids
n. s. p., 15%.
Albumen, dried egg, 3c lb.
Alkalies and compounds of, n. B. p., 15%.
Alumina and compounds, n. a. p., 15%.
Ammonia, carbonate and muriate, %c lb.;
liquid anhydrous, 2%c lb.; ammoniacal gas
liquor, 10%.
Argols, crude, and calcium tartrate. crude,
5%; with more than 90 per cent of potas-
sium bitartrate, cream of tartar, Rochelle
salts, 2%c lb.
Balsams, natural and crude, 10%; advanced
in value, 15%.
Barium, chloride of, */4c lb.; dioxide of, l^c
lb.: carbonate of, precipitated, 15%.
Blacking, all kinds, 15%.
Bleaching powder, chloride of lime. l-10c lb.
Caffein, $1 lb.; compounds of, 25%.
Calomel, corrosive sujblimate, 15%.
Chalk, manufactured, 25%.
Chemicnl and medicinal compounds, lOc lb.
and 20% to 40c lb. and 20%.
Chemical and medicinal compounds in in-
dividual packages of 2% Ibs. or less, 20%
to 25%.
Chloroform, 2c lb.
Coal tar dyes. n. s. p., 30%.
Coal tar products, not dyes, n. B. p., 5% to
15%.
Cobalt, oxide of, lOc lb.
Collodion, 15%; compounds, 25% to 40%.
Drugs, natural materials for, advanced in
value, 10%.
Dj'estuffs (see Emergency Revenue Act. thia
volume).
Ergot, lOc lb.
Ethers, 4c to 5c lb.: ethers n. s. p., 20%.
Extracts for dyeing, %c lb.
Formaldehyde, Ic lb.
Fusel oil, %c lb.
Gelatin, glue and glue size. Ic lb.; valued ax
above lOc lb., 15% to 25%.
Glycerin, crude, Ic lb.; refined. 2c lb.
Gums, crude, n. s. p., $1 lb.: arabic, %c lb.;
camphor, crude, Ic lb.; camphor, refined
5c lb
Ink and ink powders, 15%.
lodoform. 15c lb.
Leaves and roots, Me to lOc lb.
Licorice, extracts of, Ic lb.
Lime, citrate of, Ic lb.
Magnesia. l-10c to 3 l-3c lb.
Menthol. 50c lb
Oils, fish, n. s. p., 3c gal.; whale, 5c gal.:
snerm, 8c gal.; oils and greases, n. s. p.
15%.
Oils, expressed, castor. 12c gal.; flaxseed and
linseed, lOc gal.; olive. 20c to 30c gal.;
other exnressed oils n. s. p., 15%.
Oils, distilled and essential, 10% to 20% or
6c to 25c lb.
Opium, crude, $3 to $6 lb.; derivatives of,
S'3 to S3 oz.
Perfumery, cosmetics, dentifrices, if with al-
cohol, 40c lb. and 60% ; without alcohol,
60%: perfumes n. s. p., 20%.
Piements, 5% to 25%: lead, 25%; zinc oxide,
10% to 15%; varnishes, 10%; enamel paints,
n. s. p., 20%.
Plasters, curative, 15%.
Potash, bicarbonate and chloride of, Y2c lb.;
chromate or bichromate of, Ic lb.; salt-
peter, refined. $7 ion.
Soaps, perfumed, toilet, 30%; medicinal, 20%;
castile and unperfumed. 10%; others n. s.
P.. 10%.
Soda, benzoate of, 5c lb. ; alkalies and eul-
phites of, %c lb.; sal soda, %c lb.
Sponges, 10%; bleached, 15%.
Talcum, 15%.
Vanillin, lOc oz.; vanilla beans, 30c lb.
Schedule B— Earths, Earthenware and
Glassware.
Brick, 10%; glazed, decorated, 15%.
Cement, 10%.
Tiles, l%c to 5c sq. ft.; 20% to 30%.
Lime, 5%.
Gypsum, 10%.
Pumice stone, unmanufactured, 5%; manufac-
tured, %c lb. or 25%.
Clays, or earths, unmanufactured, n. s. p.,
50c ton; manufactured, $1 to $1.50 ton.
Mica, unmanufactured, 4c lb. to 25%; manu-
factured, 30%.
Earthenware, common, not ornamented, 15%;
ornamented, 20% to 30%.
Earthenware of nomitrified absorbent body,
35% to 40%.
China and porcelain wares, 50% to 55%.
Gas retorts, 10%.
Glass bottles, 30% to 45%.
Glass, window, %c to 2c lb. ; cylinder and
crown, 3c to lOc sq. ft.; cast plate. 6c to
12c sq. ft.; 4% additional if ground, frost-
ed, etc.
Spectacles. 35%.
Lenses, 25%.
Opera glasses, optical instruments, n. s. p..
35%
Telescopes, microscopes, photographic lenses.
25%.
Mirrors, stained glass windows, manufac-
tures of glass n. s. p., 30%.
Marble, breccia, onyx, rough. 50c cu. ft.:
dressed, 75c cu. ft.; paving tiles of, 6c to
lOc superficial foot: mosaic cubes. 20% to
35%.
Marble, breccia, onyx, alabaster, jet, manu-
factured into monuments, vases, etc., 45%.
Stone, building, manufactured, 25%; unman-
ufactured, 3c cu. ft.
Grindstones, $1 .f>O ton.
Slates, n. s p., 10%.
Schedule C— Metals and Manufactures Of.
Chrome metal and other alloys used in man-
ufacture of steel, n. s. p., 15%.
Bar and other rolled or hammered iron, n.
s. p., 5%.
Beams, tnrclers and other structural iron and
steel, 10%.
Boiler or other plate of iron and steel, n. 8.
p.. ,12%.
Iron and steel anchors, 12%; antifriction balls.
35%.
Hoop, band or scroll iron or steel n. s. p.
and barrel hoops of iron p.nd steel, 10%.
Railway fishplates and splice bars, 10%.
Iron or steel sheets with other metals im-
posed thereon, tin plates, terne plates. 15%.
Steel bars, mill shafting, castings, not con-
taining alloys. 15%.
Rivet, screw, fence, nail and other iron or
steel \yire rods, 10%.
Round iron or steel wire, 15%; wire rope,
30%.
Anvils. 15%.
Automobiles valued at $2,000 or more, 45%:
under $2,000. 30%: parts, 30%.
Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts, 25%.
\xles of iron and steel, 10%.
Blacksmiths' hammers and other tools of
iron and steel. 10%.
Nuts and washers. 5% to 30%.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
133
Cast iron pipe, 10%.
Chains, u. s. p., Z0%; sprocket and machine,
xiO'/c/.
Iron and steel tubing, n. s. p., 20%.
Knives, razors, etc., with folding blades, 35%
to 56(/c.
Knives, table, etc., with fixed blades, and
without handles, 25%; with handles, 30%.
Files and rasps, 25%.
Muskets ana rihes, muzzle loading, 15%;
breechloading guns, 35%.
Needles, 20%.
Fishhooks and fishing tackle, except lines and
nets, i>0%.
Steel plates for engraving, stereotype plates,
electrotype plates, 15%; lithographic plates
of stone, 25%.
Saws, 12%.
Screws. 25%.
Aluminum, crude, 2c lb.; in plates, bars,
rods, 3Vfec lb.
Antimony, 10/c to 25%.
Argentine, German silver, unmanufactured,
15%.
Bronze, 25%.
Copper, 5%.
Gold leaf, 35%.
Silver leaf, 30%.
Tinsel wire, 6% to 40%.
Buckles, metal, 15%.
Lead-bearing ores, %c lb. on lead therein.
Lead dross, bullion, in pigs and bars, 25^
on lead therein.
Metallic mineral substances n. s. p., 10%.
Nickel, 1070; in sheets or strips, 20%.
Pens, metallic, n. s. p., 8c gross.
Penholders, gold pens, combination penhold-
ers, 25%.
Pins, metal, not jewelry, 20%.
Type and type metal, 15%.
Watches and clocks, 30%.
Zinc- bearing ores, 1.0% on zinc therein; in
blocks, pigs or sheets. 15%.
Steam engines, locomotives, printing presses,
machine tools, 15%; lace-making machines,
25%.
Articles of gold, silver and platinum, n. s.
p., 50%; of iron, steel, lead, copper, brass,
nickel, pewter, zinc or aluminum, n. s. p.,
20%.
Schedule D — Wood and Manufactures Of.
Brier, ivy or laurel root, unmanufactured,
10%.
Cedar, lignum-yitae, ebony, box, mahogany,
rosewood, satinwood, in boards and planks,
10%; veneers of wood, 15%.
Paving posts, railroad ties, telegraph poles,
10%.
Casks, barrels, packing boxes. 15%.
Boxes for fruit, 15%.
Chair cane or reeds, 10%; manufactures of
osier or willow, 25%.
Toothpicks, 25%.
Blinds, screens of wood, bamboo, 20%; if
dyed or ornamented, 25%.
Furniture of wood, manufactures of wood, n.
s. p 15%.
Schedule* E — Sugar, "Molasses and Manufac-
. tures Of.
Sugars, sirupa and concentrated molass°s test-
ing not above 75 degrees, 71-100c lb.; for
every additional degree, 26-1000c lb.;
molasses not above 40 degrees, 15%; test-
ing above 40 degrees, 2%c to 4%c gal.
Maple sugar and sirup. 3c lb.: glucose or
grape sugar, l%c lb.; sugar cane in natural
state. 15%.
Saccharin, 65c lb.
Sugar candy and confectionery, n. s. p..
valued at 15c lb. or less, 2c lb.: valued at
more than 15c lb., 25%.
Schedule F— Tobacco and Manufactures Of.
Wrapper tobacco, leaf tobacco, unstemmed,
SI. 85 lb.; stemmed. $2.50 lb.
All other tobacco n. s. p., 55c lb.; scrap
tobacco, 35c lb.
Snuii, 55c lb.
Cigars and cigarettes, $4.50 lb. and 25%.
Schedule G—Agricultiiral Products and
Provisions.
Horses and mules, 10%.
Live animals n. s. p., 10%.
Barley, loc bu.; barley malt, 25c bu.; pearled
or hulled, Ic lb.
Macaroni, vermkeili, Ic lb.
Oats, tic lb.; oaimeai, 30c 100 Ibs.
Rice, cleaned, Ic lb.; uncieaned, %c ib.
Biscuits and cakes containing confectionery or
nuts, 25%.
Butter and butter substitutes. 2%c lb.
Cheese, 20%.
Beans and lentils n. s. p., 25c bu.
Beets. 5%.
Beans, peas, in tins, jars, etc., Ic lb.
Vegetables, prepared, 25%; in natural state,
n. s. p , 15%.
Pickles, n. s. p., 25%.
Cider, 2c gal.
Eggs, preserved, 2c lb.; dried, lOc lb.
Hay, $2 ton.
Honey. lOc gal.
Hops, 16c lb.
Garlic, Ic lb.
Onions, 20c bu.
Peas, green or dried, in bulk, lOc bu.; split
peas, 20c bu.; peas in packages, %c lb.
Orchids, palms, azalea indica, cut flowers,
25%; other flowers, $1 to $10 per 1,000.
Fruit plants, $1 per 1,000; rose plants, 4c
each; nursery and greenhouse stock, n. s. p.,
15%.
Seeds: Castor, 15c bu. ; oil seeds, n. s. p., 20c
bu.; poppy, 15c lb.; canary seed, %c lb.:
caraway, Ic lb.: anise, 2c lb.; carrot, par-
sley, parsnip, radish, turnip, rutabaga, 3c
lb.: other seeds. 5c to 6c lb.
Straw, 50c ton.
Fish packed in oil, 25%; in tin packages,
15%.
Apples, peaches, quinces, cherries, plums- and
pears, lOc bu.; berries, edible. jn natural
condition. %c qt.; cranberries, 10%; dried or
prepared fruits, n. s. p., Ic lb.
Figs, 2c lb.; plums, prunes, Ic lb.: raisins.
2c lb.; dates. Ic lb.; currants, l%c lb.:
olives, 15c gal.
Grapes in barrels, 25c cu. ft.
Lemons, limes, oranges in packages of 1% cu.
ft. or less, 18c per package; in larger pack-
ages up to 5 cu. ft., 35c to 70c per pack-
age: in packages exceeding 5 cu. ft. or in
bulk. %c lb.
Pineapples in packages, 6c cu. ft. of package;
in bulk, $5 per 1,000.
Almonds, not shelled, 3c lb.; shelled. 4c lb
Filberts, walnuts, not shelled, 2c lb.; shelled.
4c lb.
Peanuts, unshelled,. %c lb.; shelled, %c lb
Nuts, n. s. p., Ic lb.
Venison, game, l%c lb.; game birds, dressed,
30%.
Poultry, live, Ic lb.; dead, 2c lb.
Chicory root, unground, Ic lb. ; ground, 2c lb.
Chocolate and cocoa, unsweetened, n. s. p..
8%: sweetened, n. s. p., valued at 20c lb.
or less, 2c lb.; at more than 20c lb.. 25%.
Cocoa butter, 3%c lb.
Dandelion root, substitutes for coffee, 2c lb.
Starch, potato, Ic lb.; other starch. Mtc lb.
Spices, unground, Ic to 18c lb.; ground. 20%
additional.
Vinegar, 4c gal.
Schedule H— Spirits, Wines and Other Bever-
ages.
Brandy and other distilled spirits, $2.60 proof
gal.
Cordials, liqueurs, bitters, etc., containing- spir-
its, $2.60 proof gal.
Bay rum, $1.75 gal
134
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Champagrne in bottles of more than 1 pint to
1 quart, $9.60 doz.; of more than % pint
to 1 pint, $4.80 doz.; ^ pint or less, $2.40
doz.; more than 1 quart, in addition to
$9.60 doz. bottles, on excess quantity above
1 quart at rate of $3 gal.
Still wines, 45c to 60c gal. or $1.85 per cr.se.
Ale, porter, stout, beer, in bottles or jugs, 45c
gal.; not in bottles or jugs, 23c gal.
Malt extract, fluid, in casks, 23c gal.; in bot-
tles or jugs, 45c gal.; solid. 45%.
Fruit juices, 70c to 80c gal. and in addition
$2.07 proof gal. on alcohol.
Ginger ale or beer, lemonade, soda water,
containing no alcohol, 12c to 28c doz. bot-
tles according to size.
Mineral waters, lOc to 20c doz. bottles, ac-
cording to size; in bottles of more than 1
quart, 18c gal.; in bulk, 8c gal.
Schedule I— Cotton Manufactures.
Cotton thread, yarn, warps, not combed,
bleached, dyed, mercerized or colored, 5%
to 27%%, according to number.
Spool thread of cotton, crochet, darning and
embroidery cottons, 15%.
Cotton cloth, not bleached, dyed, printed, fig-
ured or mercerized, 7y2% to 30%, according-
to number.
Cloth of cotton and silk, 30%; waterproof
cloth of cotton, 25%.
Cotton handkerchiefs, not hemmed, n. s. p.,
25%; hemmed, 30%.
Cotton clothing, ready made, 30%.
Plushes, velvets, chiefly of cotton, 40%.
Curtains and other articles of cotton chenille,
35%.
Stockings, hose, of cotton, made on knitting
machines, n. s. p., 20%.
Stockings, hose, of cotton, made on machines
or knit by hand, valued at not more than
70c per doz. pair, 30%; valued at more
than 70c and not more than $1.20, 40%;
valued at more than $1.20. 50%.
Cotton gloves, 35%.
Cotton underwear, 30%.
Cotton bandings, belts, cords, suspenders, 25%.
Cotton table damask. 25%.
Cotton towels, quilts, blankets, 25%.
Cotton lace window curtains, 35% to 45%.
Cotton cloth, n. s. p., 30%.
Schedule J — Flax, Hemp and Jute and Manu-
factures Of.
Single yarns of jute, 15% to 20%.
Cables of istle, manila, etc., Ic Ib.
Threads of flax, hemp or ramie, 20% to 25%.
Sinarle yarns of flax, hemp or ramie. 10% to
20%.
Gill nettine-s. nets and seines of flax, hemp
or ramie. 25%.
Floor mattings of straw, 2%c sq. yd.
Carpets, mats, rusts of flax, hemp, jute, 30%.
Tapes of flax. 20%.
Linoleum. 20% to 35%.
Linen shirt collars and cuffs, 30%.
Wearing- apparel of flax, hemp or ramie, 40%.
Articles of flax, hemp or ramie, n. s. p.,
40%.
Handkerchiefs of flax, hemp or ramie, 35%
to 40%.
Plain woven fabrics of flax, hemp or ramie,
n. s. p., 30%.
Istle or tampico, dressed, dyed and combed,
20%.
Schedule ~K — Wool and Manufactures Of.
Combed wool or tops advanced beyond scoured
condition, n. s. p., 8%.
Yarns of wool, 18%.
Woolen cloth, 35%; cloth of cattle or horse
hair, 25%: plushes, velvets, etc.. of wool,
40%; stockings, hose, made on knitting ma-
chines, all wool. 20%; stockings, selvaged,
fashioned or shaped by machine or by
hand, valued at not more than $1.20 per
doz. pairs, 30%; valued at more than $1.20,
40%.
Blankets and flannels of wool, 25% to 30%.
Women's and children's dress goods of wool.
n. s. p., 35%.
Clothing, ready made, including shawls, of
wool, 35%.
Webbings, suspenders, beltings, cords, etc., of
wool, 35%.
Aubusson. Axminster, moquette and chenille
carpets, 35%.
Saxony, Wilton and Tournay velvet carpets.
Brussels carpets, 25%.
Tapestry Brussels carpets, 20%.
Treble ingrain, three-ply carpets, 20%.
Carpets and rugs woven whole for rooms,
50%.
Hair of Angora goat, alpaca, 15%; tops of,
20%; yarns of, 25%; cloth of. 40%; plushes
and velvets of, 45%.
Schedule L— Silks and Silk Goods.
Carded or combed silk, 20c Ib.
Spun silk or schappe silk yarn, 35%.
Velvets, plushes, chenilles of silk, 60%.
Silk handkerchiefs and mufflers. 40% to 50%.
Ribbons, etc., of silk, 45%.
Clothing of silk. 50%.
Woven fabrics of silk, n. s. p., 45%.
Artificial or imitation silk fabrics and arti-
cles, 35% to 60%.
Schedule M— Papers and Books.
Sheathing paper, roofing felt, paper-box board,
5%.
Printing paper, japan paper, suitable for books
and newspapers but not for covers or bind-
ings, n. s. p., valued above 5c Ib., 12%; in
in case of imports from countries charging
an export duty or export license fee on
printing paper or wood pulp an additional
duty equal to the highest export duty or
export charge shall be imposed. (See
Emergency Revenue Act, this volume.)
Copying paper, tissue paper, filtering paper,
30%.
Paper with surface coated in any way, 25%
to 40%.
Lithographed pictures, cards, booklets. 15c to
60c Ib.
Writing paper, 25%.
Paper envelopes, 15%.
Books of all kinds, bound or unbound, in-
cluding blank books, fengravings, photo-
graphs, etchings, maps, charts, music in
books or sheets, 15%.
Albums, 25%.
Playing cards, 60%.
Postcards, not including American views,
printed except by lithographic process, 25%.
Schedule N— Sundries.
Beads. 35%.
Braids, ramie hat, 40%.
Braids of straw, grass, willow, etc., suitable
for ornamenting hats, not trimmed, 15% to
25%; trimmed, 40%.
Brooms, 15%; brushes and feather dusters,
35%.
Bristles, sorted, 7c Ib.
Buttons, 15% to 40%.
Cork and articles of, 12c to 15c lb.; cork
paper, 35%; manufactures of cork, n. s. p.,
30%.
Dice, dominoes, chessmen, billiard balls, etc.,
of ivory, bone or other materials,, 50%.
Dolls, marbles and toys not of china, porce-
lain, earthen or stone ware, 35%.
Emery, Ic lb.; emery wheels, 20%.
Firecrackers, 6c lb.; fireworks, lOc lb.
Matches, 3c per gross of 144 boxes; not in
boxes, %c per 1,000 matches; wax match-
es, tapers, 25%; white phosphorus matches
not admitted.
Percussion caps, cartridges. 15%: blasting-
cans, $1 per 1,000; mining fuses, 15%.
Feathers, crude. 20%: dressed, 40%: suitable
for millinery, 60%: Importation of aigrettes.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
136
egret plumes, osp"rey plumes or feathers,
heads, wings, tails and skins of wild birds,
except for scientific purposes, forbidden.
Furs dressed on the skin, 30yc; manulactures
of furs, 40%.
Fans, except common palm leal, 50%.
Gun wads, 10%.
Hair, human, raw, 10%: drawn, 20%: manu-
factures of, n. s. p., 35%.
Hair for mattresses, 10%.
Hair cloth or crinolinei 6c sq. yd.
Hats of fur, 45%.
Jewelry, valued at above 20c per doz. pieces.
60%.
Diamonds and precious stones in the rough,
not set, 10%; cut but not set, 20%.
Laces, n. s. p., 60%.
Chamois skins, 15%.
Leather, manufactures of, 30%.
Gloves, leather, $1 IQ $2.50 doz. pairs.
Manufactures of amber, asbestos or wax, 10%
to 20%.
Manufactures of India rubber, 15%; of palm
leaf, 15%; of bone and horn, 20%; of grass
straw and weeds, 25%; combs of horn.
Ivory°'tusks in natural state, 20%; manufac-
tures of ivory, 35%; manufactures of shell,
25%.
Matting- of cocoa fiber or rattan, 5c sq. ft.
Moss and sea grass, manufactured or dyed,
Musical instruments and parts of, 35%.
Phonographs, graphophones. 25%.
Works of art, n. s. p., 15%.
Pencils of wood, lead pencils, 36c gross;
slate pencils, 25%.
Pencil leads, 10%.
Photographic cameras and dry plates, n. s. p.,
157C: moving- picture film, exposed but not
developed, 2c ft.; exposed and developed, 3c
ft.; film subject to censorship.
Clay pipes, 25%; other pipes and all smok-
ers' articles, 50%; meerschaum, 20%.
Hatters' plush, 10%.
Umbrellas, 35%; sticks for umbrellas, walk-
ing- canes, 30%.
ON THE FREE LIST.
Acids: Acetic, carbolic, muriatic, nitric, phos-
phoric, sulphuric.
Agricultural implements.
Alcohol, methyl or wood.
Alizarin.
Ammonia, sulphate, perchlorate, nitrate of.
Antimony ore.
Animals, pure bred, for breeding-.
Antitoxins, vaccine virus, serums.
Arsenic.
Art works — See works of art.
Asbestos, unmanufactured.
Asphaltum and limestone rock asphalt.
Bagging- for cotton.
Balm of Gilead.
Barks ( quini ne ) .
Beeswax.
Bibles.
Binding- twine.
Bismuth.
Bitumen.
Bolting- cloths for milling- purposes only.
Bones, crude.
Books printed more than twenty years.
Books in foreign languages.
Books for blind.
Boots and shoes, leather.
Borax.
Brass for remanufacture.
Bristles, crude.
Broom corn.
Buckwheat and buckwheat flour.
Bullion, gold or silver.
Cash registers.
Castor or castoreum.
Cement.
Chalk, crude
Charcoal.
Charts printed more than twenty years.
Liiromate of iron.
Coal, coal tar.
Cobalt.
Cochineal.
Coffee.
Coins.
Coke.
Copper ore.
Coral, unmanufactured.
Cork wood or bark, unmanufactured.
Corn or maize, corn meal.
Cotton and cotton waste or flocks.
Curling stones.
Cream separators.
Curry and curry powder.
Dandelion roots, unground.
Dragon's blood.
Drugs, crude materials for and nonalcoholic.
untompounded, n. 9. p.
Dyestuffs (see Emergency Revenue Act, this
volume).
Eggs.
Emery ore and corundum.
Engravings and etchings more than twenty
years old.
Fans, palm leaf.
Fish, fresh water; fish, n. n. p.
Flax straw.
Flint, flint stones, unground.
Fossils.
Fruits or berries, green, ripe or dried, n. s. p.
Fulminates.
Furs, undressed.
Gloves, leather, of horsehide, pigskins and
cattle hides, except ca'fsk;n.
Grasses and fibers, unmanufactured, n. B. p.
Grease for soap making, n. s. p.
Guano; manures.
Gunpowder for mining, blasting and artillery
purposes.
Gutta percha, crude.
Hair of animals, unmanufactured, n. s. p.
Hemp.
Hide cuttings, raw.
Hide rope.
Hides of cattle.
Hones and whetstones.
Hoop iron or steel, for baling cotton.
Ice.
India rubber, crude.
Indigo, indigo dyes.
Iodine, crude.
Ipecac.
Iron ore, pig iron, spiegeleisen. wrought iron,
ferro manganese; iron in slabs, blooms.
n. s. p.
Jalap.
Jet, unmanufactured.
Lard.
Leather, n. s. p.
Lemon juice.
Linotype machines.
Lithographic prints more than twenty years
old.
Lithographic stones.
Manuscripts.
Maps more than twenty years old.
Meats: Fresh beef, veal, mutton, lamb and
pork; bacon and hams; meats of all kinds,
n. s. p.
Medals.
Milk and cream.
Mineral salts from evaporation.
Minerals, crude, n. s. p.
Miners' rescue appliances.
Models of inventions.
Music more than twenty years old.
Nails, cut, of iron or steel, hobnails, all nails,
n. s. p.
Needles.
Newspapers and periodicals.
Nuts: Marrons, cocoanuts, palm nuts, not
prepared.
Oakum.
136
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Oil cake.
Oils: Cocoanut, cod, cod liver, cottonseed, cro-
ton, palm, nut; petroleum, crude or refined;
kerosene, benzine, naphtha, gasoline, paraf-
fin; fish oils of American fisheries.
Oleo stearin.
Ores of gold, silver, nickel, platinum.
Paper stock, crude, for paper making-.
Photographs printed more than twenty years
Printing- paper for book*? and newspapers.
n. s. p., valued at not above 2%c Ib.
Parchment and vellum.
Paris preen.
Phosphates, crude.
Phosphorus.
Photographic and moving" picture films, not
expooed or developed.
Platinum, unmanufactured.
Plumbago.
Potatoes.
Quinia, sulphate of.
Radium and salto of.
Railway bars of iron, or steel, T rails and
punched iron or flat steel rails.
Rags. n. s. p.
Rye and rye flour.
Sago, crude, and sago four
Salt.
Seeds: Cauliflower, celery, cotton, mustard,
sorg-hum, sugar beet; bulbs and bulbous
roots, not edible; all flower and grass needs.
Sewinr machines.
Shoea and boots, leather.
Shrimps, lobsters.
Silk cocoons.
Silk, raw, in skeins but not advanced in
manufacture.
Silkworm eggs.
Skins of hares, rabbits, dogs, goats and eheep.
Undressed .
Skins of all kinds n. B. p.
Soda.
Spikes, cut
Stamps.
Statuary for nso as models
Steel ingots.
Stone and sand.
Sulphur.
Swrne.
Tallow.
Tanning materials, not containing* alcohol.
Tapioca, tapioca flour.
Tar and pitch of wood.
Tea. n. s. p.; tea plants.
Teeth, natural.
Textbooks.
Tin ore. tin in bars, blocks or pigs.
Tobacco stems.
Tungsten-bearing ores.
Typewriters.
Uranium.
Wax. ve table or mineral.
Wearing apparel, articles of personal adorn-
ment, toilet articles and similar personal ef-
fects, not for sale or for other persons than
the owners. In the case of residents of the
United States returning from abroad all
wearing apparel, personal and household ef-
fects taken by them out of the United States
to foreign countries shall be admitted free
of duty, without regard to their value, upon
their identity being established under appro-
priate rules and regulations to be pre-
scribed by the secretary of the treasury. Up
to but not exceeding 5100 in value of arti-
cles acquired abroad by such residents of
the United States tor personal or household
use or as souvenirs or curios, but not
bought on commission or intended for sale,
shall be admitted free of duty.
Whalebone, unmanufactured.
Wheat and wheat flour except when imported
from a country imposing a duty on wheat
and wheat flour exported from the United
States.
Wire for fencing or baling purposes.
Wood: Logs, timber, pulp woods, kindling
wood, firewood, hop poles, hoop poles, fence
Eosts, hubs for wheels, posts, sawed boards,
iths, pickets, palings, staves, shingles, ship
timber, broom handles.
Woods: Cedar, lignum vita?, lancewood.
ebony, box, granadilla, mahogany, rosewood,
satin wood and other cabinet woods in the
log, rough or hewn only; red cedar timber,
hewn, sided, squared or round; sticks of
partridge hair wood, pimento, orange, myrtle
and other woods n. s. p.. in the rough.
Wood pulp, mechanically ground, chemical
and rasr pulp.
Wool of the sheep, hair of the camel and
other like animals.
Wool waste.
Works of art: Original paintings, drawings,
artists' proof etchings unbound, engravings
unbound, printed by hand, original sculp-
tures; works of art imported for exhibi-
tion purposes or for presentation to a pub-
lic institution.
Works of art (except rugs and carpets) which
shall have been produced more than 100
years prior to the date of importation.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS.
Trade Agreements.
For the purpose of readjusting the present
duties on importations into the United States
and at the same time to encourage the ex-
port trade of this country, the president of
the United States is authorized and empowered
to negotiate trade agreements with foreign na-
tions wherein piutual concessions are made
looking1 toward freer trade relations and fur-
ther reciprocal expansion of trade and com-
merce: Provided, however. That said trade
agreements before becoming- operative shall
be submitted to the congress of the United
States for ratification or rejection.
Marking and Branding.
All articles of foreign manufacture or pro-
duction which are capable of being marked,
stamped, branded or labeled, without injury,
shall be marked, stamped, branded or labeled
in legible English words, in a conspicuous
place that shall rot be covered or obscured by
any subsequent attachments or arrangements,
so as to indicate the country of origin. , All
packages containing imported articles shall be
marked, stamped, branded or labeled so as
to indicate legibly and plainly in English
words the country of origin and the quantity
of their contents.
Discriminating Duties.
A discriminating duty of 10 per centum ad
valorem, in addition to the duties imposed by
law. shall be levied, collected and paid on
all goods, wares or merchandise which shall
be imported in vessels not of the United
States, or which, being the production or
manufacture of any foreign country not con-
tiguous to the United States, shall come into
the United States from such contiguous coun-
try; but this discriminating duty shall
not apply to goods, wares or merchandise
which shall be imported in vessels not of the
United States entitled at the time of such im-
portation by treaty or convention or act of
congress to be entered in the ports of the
United States on payment of the same duties
as shall then be payable on goods, wares and
merchandise imported in vessels of the United
States, nor to such foreign products or manu-
factures as shall be imported from such con-
tiguous countries in the usual course of strict-
ly retail trade.
No goods, wares or merchandise, unless In
cases provided for by treaty, shall be import-
ed into the United States from any foreign
port or place, except in vessels of the United
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
137
States, or in such foreig-n vessels as truly and
wholly belong: to the citizens or subjects of
that country of which the goods are the
growth, production or manufacture, or from
which such goods, wares or merchandise can
only be. or most usually are. first shipped for
transportation. All goods, wares or merchan-
dise imported contrary to this section, and the
vessel wherein the same shall be imported,
shall be forfeited to the United States.
The preceding- subsection shall not apply to
vessels or goods, wares or merchandise im-
ported in vessels of a foreign nation which
does not maintain a similar regulation against
vessels of the United States.
Discount for American Ships.
A discount of 5 per centum on all duties im-
posed by this act shall be allowed on suck
goods, wares and merchandise as shall be im-
ported in vessels admitted to registration tin-
der the laws of the United States: Provided.
That nothing in this subsection shall be so
construed as to abrogate or in any manner
impair or affect the provisions of any treaty
concluded between the United States and any
foreign nation.
SYNOPSIS OF TARIFF LEGISLATION SINCE 1884.
Morrison Bills— First bill presented to 48th
congress during Chester A. Arthur's adminis-
tration; proposed a horizontal reduction of 20
per cent with free iron ore, coal and lumber:
defeated in house April 15, 1884. by vote of
159 and 155: house heavily democratic and
senate republican. Second bill presented to
49th congress during Grover Cleveland's first
administration: similar to first bill, proposing
free wool, salt and lumber; defeated in house
June 17, 1886. by a vote of 157 to 140:
house democratic, senate republican.
Mills Bill— Presented to 50th congress dur-
ing Cleveland's first administration; provided
for free lumlier and wool, reduction on pig
iron and abolition of specific duties on cotton;
passed by house July 21. 1888, by vote of
162 to 149. but failed in senate; house demo-
cratic, senate republican.
McKinley Bill— Passed by 51st congress dur-
ing Benjamin Harrison's administration; be-
came law Oct. 6, 1890; high protective meas-
ure, though remitting duties on sugar and pro-
viding for reciprocity treaties; both houses
of congress republican.
Wilson Bill — Passed by 53d congress during
Cleveland's second administration; became law
Aug. 17, 1894, without the president's sig-
nature; both houses democratic; measure re-
duced duties in some eases and made addi-
tions to free list, notably wool.
• ,Bin— Passed by 54th congress dur-
ing McKinley's administration; approved July
24, 1897; passed by house 205 yeas to 122
nays. 27 members not voting; passed by sen-
ate 38 yeas to 28 nays, 23 not voting; house
contained 206 republicans and 134 democrats
and senate 46 republicans and 34 democrats;
measure raised rates to produce more revenue,
but was similar in many respects to the Mc-
Kinley act.
Payne-Aldrich Bill— Passed at extra session
of 61st congress in first year of President
William H. Taft's administration: approved
Aug. 5, 1909; passed the house by a vote of
217 to 161 and the senate by a vote of 45 to
34. The conference vote in the house was
195 yeas to 183 nays, twenty republicans vot-
ing- in the negative and two democrats in the
affirmative. In the senate the vote on the
final conference report was 47 to 31, seven
republicans voting against it. In general the
revision of the Dingley act was in the direc-
tion of lower duties, but there were some in-
Underwood-Simmons Bill— Passed by 63d
congress at extra session called immediately
after President "Wilson's inauguration in 1913;
house and senate democratic. The bill made
many reductions in the tariff duties as fixed
by the Payne-Aldnch law and placed numer-
ous articles on the free list. It also con-
tained a section establishing- a tax on incomes.
AMERICAN HALL OF FAME.
"The Hall of Fame for Great Americans" is
the name of a building on University Heights
in New York city, in which are inscribed on
bronze tablets the names of famous American
men and women. Nominations for the honor
are made by the public and are submitted to
a committee of 100 eminent citizens. In the
case of men fifty-one votes are required and
in the case of women forty-seven. The first
balloting took place in October, 1900, when
the following were chosen:
George Washington.
Abraham Lincoln.
Daniel Webster.
Benjamin Franklin.
Ulysses S. Grant.
John Marshall.
Thomas Jefferson.
Ralph W. Emerson.
H. W. Long-fellow.
Robert Fulton.
Horace Mann.
Henry W. Beecher.
James Kent.
Joseph Story.
John Adams.
Washing-ton Irving.
Jonathan Edwards.
Samuel F. B. Morse.
David G. Farragut.
Henry Clay.
Nathaniel Hawthorne.
George Peabody.
Robert E. Lee.
Peter Cooper.
Eli Whitney.
John J. Audubon.
William E. Channing
Gilbert Stuart.
Asa Gray.
Chosen in 1905.
John Quincy Adams.
James Russell Lowell.
William T. Sherman
James Madison.
John G. Whittier.
Alexander Hamilton.
Louis Agassiz.
John Paul Jones.*
Mary Lyon.
Emma Willard.
Maria Mitchell.
* Reconsidered
of re-election.
Chosen in 1910.
g£vriet_Beecher_Stowe.
Roger Williams.*
James Fenimore Cooper.
Phi Hips Brooks.
William Cullen Bryant
Frances E. Willard.
Andrew Jackson.
George Bancroft.
John Lothrop Motley.
Chosen in 1915.
Francis Parkman.
Mark Hopkins.
Elias Howe.
Joseph Henry,
j Rufus Choate.
1 Daniel Boone.
tinder a new rule and failed
FARM FIREWOOD CROP.
Approximately 102.903,000 cords of fire-
wood were produced on farms of the United
States in 1918. with a value of $487,106.000.
or $4.73 per cord at the farm or near by
town. Of the total production, about 77,092,-
000 cords, or 75 per cent of the total, were
consumed on farms, or an average of about
11.5 cords per farm. On the basis of esti-
mates made for 1918. the farm fuel wood
crop is one of the important crops of the
farm, inasmuch as only five crops exceeded it
i^n value in 1918. namely com. wheat, oats.
138
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
SHIPPIN
[Compiled by Ch
SHIPPING MEASURE.
One register ton=100 cubic feet.
One United States shipping ton=40 cubic feet
or 32.14 United States bushels or 31.16 im-
perial bushels.
One British shipping ton=42 cubic feet or
32.72 imperial bushels or 33.75 United States
bushels.
MARINER'S MEASURE.
6 feet=l fathom.
120 fathoms=l cable length.
5,280 feet = l statute or land mile.
6.080 feet = l knot or nautical mile.
3 knots=l league.
CIRCULAR MEASURE.
60 seconds =1 minute.
60 minutes=l degree.
90 degrees=l quadrant.
4 quadrants or 360 degrees=l circumference.
SHIPPING WEIGHT.
16 ounces=l pound.
112 pounds=0ne hundredweight.
20 hundredweight or 2,240 pounds=l ton.
WEIGHTS OF MATERIALS IN POUNDS PER
CUBIC FOOT.
Material. Weight. Material. Weight.
Metals— Juniper 35
Wrought iron.. 480 Lignum vitae... 62
Cast iron....... 451 Linden 37
G DATA.
irles H. Hughes.]
STORAGE SPACE REQUIRED FOR DIFFER-
ENT MATERIALS.
Example— A steamer has a capacity of 180,-
000 cubic feet for carrying coal. How many
tons will she carry?
From the table, average American coal stows
43 cubic feet per ton of 2,240 pounds, so
I9$|fifc*c4,186 tons— the number she would
carry.
Note— The following table is based on a ton
of 2,240 pounds. If the cubic feet per ton of
2.000 pounds is required, multiply the figures
given by .892 :
*Cub. ft. *Cub. ft.
Material. per ton. Material. per ton.
Apples in boxes... 90 Maize in bags 50
Asphalt 17 Tinl lr 49
Ballast, sand 19
Barley in bulk 47
Bags 59
Marble 14
Meat— Beef , packed -
and frozen 93
Hung in quarters. 125
Mutton 110
Beans in bags 68
Beer in hogsheads. 54
Bottles and cases 80
Bran in bags 110
Millet in bags 50
Molasses in bulk. . 25
Oats in bags . 78
Compressed, bales 80
Brandy in casks. . . 80
Bottled in cases. . 55
Buckwheat in bags 65
Butter in cases or
kegs 70
Cement in casks. . . 46
Coal (American,
average) 43
Bulk 60
Oatmeal in sacks. 65
Oil — Lubricating,
in casks 60
Oranges in boxes. . 90
Paper in rolls 120
Peas in bags 50
Potatoes in bags. . 55
Barrels 68
Cast steel 490
Nickel steel.... 491
Brass 520
Locust 46
Mahogany ..... 51
Maple .. 42
Oak (live) 69
Oak (white)... 48
Poplar 30
Coffee in bags 61
Copper ore 15
Cotton, pressed, in
bales 130
Manganese
Rice in bags 48
Sago . . 55
Copper 650
Salt in barrels 52
Bulk 37
Sugar in casks.... 60
Bags 48
Tar in barrels 54
T^a in chests 100
Ties, railroad 50
Water, fresh 36
Salt 35
Aluminum 160
Lead 710
Spruce 28
Fish in cases 95
Sycamore 37
Teak 51
White pine 35
Yellow pine 38
Wnlnut 36
Iced 60
Gold (pure).... 1,200
Magnesium 109
Mercury 846
Flax 88
Flour in barrels... 60
Bags 47
Nickel 548
Platinum 1,347
Silver . . 655
Fuel oil 39
Willow 34
Miscellaneous —
Common brick. 113
Cement 78
Granite 14
Gravel ' 23
Tin 458
Hay. compressed. ..110
Hams in barrels. .. 70
Hemp, American,
in bales 105
Wheat in bags 52
Bulk 47
Woods — Sawed into
planks —
Ash 39
Zinc 436
Woods — Apple ... 47
Ash . . 45
Cellulose . . . 75
Concrete 130
Beech 46
Birch 41
Box 70
Granite 170
Herrings, in barrels 60
Hides in bales 120
Ice 39
Beech 51
Limestone 180
Marble 170
Elm 60
Fir 65
Cedar . ... 39
Iron, pig 10
Corrugated sheets 36
Kegs of nails 20
Jute bale 58
Cherry 41
Chestnut 35
Cork 15
Cypress 33
Sand 110
Mahogany . .rf . . . 34
Oak ..39
Sandstone 145
Stone 180
Wool in bales 100
*Ton of 2,240 pounds.
.TIONS.
amount of water dis-
a vessel is floating in
ter, the weight of the
aals the weight of the
"ything on board,
ubic feet when floating-
by 35 (36 if in fresh
weight of a ship and
35 cubic feet of salt
(2,240 pounds) and 36
e amount,
a strel vessel is calcu-
?s (that is, to the out-
I no allowance is made
.ness of the shell plat-
>ls (motor boats, tugs,
lacement is calculated
lanking.
carrying capacity of a
tons of cargo and coal,
mcnt is the measure-
: 2,240 pounds occupy-
Soapstone 170
Soft coal 55
Lead, pig. , 8
Pipes, diff't sizes 12
DEFINJ
Displacement is the
placed by a vessel. 11
equilibrium in still wa
water she displaces eqi
vessel herself with eve
The displacement in c
in salt water divided
water) gives the total
her cargo in tons, as
water weighs one ton
of fresh water the sam
The disnlacement of
lated to the molded lin
side of the frames) an(
as a rule for the thicl
ing. For wooden v^ss'
lighters, etc.) the disr
to the outside of the p
Dead weight is the
vessel and includes the
Register ton measure
ment based on a ton oJ
ing- 100 cubic feet.
Dogwood 47
Ebony 76
Elm . 38
Hard coal 60
Ice . 56
Fir 37
Fresh water. . . 62.5
Salt water 64
Crude oil aver-
age 63 5
Hackmatack . . 37
Hemlock 24
Hickory 48
Holly 47
US WEIGHTS.
Material and unit. Lbs.
Oats 32
MISCI:LLANEO
Material and unit. Lbs.
One keg — nails . . . 100
One barrel — flour 196
Pork or beef . . . 200
Salt 280
Potatoes 60
Rye . 56
Timothy seed. . 45
Wheat 60
One bu.— oysters. 80
Clams 100
One gallon— mo-
lasses 12
Seven bags of
sugar 2,240
Eleven bags of
potatoes 2,240
One bag of flour. 140
One gal. of crude
oil 8%
Barley 48
Beans 60
Buckwheat 48
Castor beans. . . 50
Clover seed 60
Corn (shelled). 56
Corn (on cob) . 70
Malt 34
Onions .. 57
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
139
Gross tonnage is the measurement in regis-
ter tons of the interior capacity of the entire
ship.
Net tonnage is the measurement in register
tons upon which payment is made, and is the
volume of the space available for cargo and
passengers.
Block coefficient is the ratio of the volume
of the displacement to the volume of a block
having1 the same length, breadth and draft as
the vessel. Cargo vessels have block coeffi-
cients ranging: from .75 to .85, while fast pas-
senger steamers have block -coefficients of
about .65.
If the length, width and draft of a vessel
are multiplied by the block coefficient and
this product divided by the weight of water
per ton (36 cubic feet for fresh and 35 for
salt water per ton of 2,240 pounds) the dis-
placement of the vessel will be obtained.
SHIPPING TERMS;
f . o. b. steamer (free on board steamer) ;
groods to be delivered on board steamer by
seller at no extra charge to purchaser.
f . a. s. steamer (free at side steamer) : goods
to be delivered at side of steamer by seller.
f. f. a. steamer (free from alongside steamer) :
the seller pays lighterage charges in the port
of destination from the steamer.
c. i. f . (cost, insurance and freight) ; the
groods are delivered to the purchaser with the
insurance and freight paid by the seller.
c. f. (cost and freight) : the goods are de-
livered to the purchaser with the freight paid
by the seller, but no insurance.
f. o. (free over side) : the goods are deliv-
ered over the side of a vessel: that is, to a
lighter or on to a pier, without any extra
charge to the purchaser.
Bill of lading (b. 1.) is a receipt for goods
delivered to a carrier for transportation. The
bills of lading of some steamship companies
contain the following clause: "Freight is to
be considered earned at time of receipt of
shipment and is to be paid whether vessel or
goods are lost or not." In foreign trade bills
of lading are generally made out in triplicate,
one for the shipper, one for the consignee and
one for the captain of the vessel.
"With exchange" on a draft means that the
party on whom the draft is drawn is to pay
the cost of collection.
Demurrage — A charge for delay in loading or
unloading a vessel.
, Lay days are the days agreed upon by the
shipper and captain or agent of a vessel for
loading1 and discharging a cargo, beyond which
a demurrage will be paid to the owners of the
vessel. Sundays and legal holidays do not
count unless the term "running days" is in-
serted, in which case all days are included.
Manifest — A document signed by the captain
of a vessel containing a list of the goods and
merchandise on board with their destination,
for the use of the custom house officials. By
United States Revised Statutes 2807 it is re-
quirrd to contain the names of the ports of
loading and destination, a description of the
vessel and her port, names of owners and
master, names of consignees and of passen-
gers and lists of the passengers' baggage and
of the sea stores.
Clearance papers — When ready for sea the
customs officials must be provided with a de-
tail manifest of the ship's cargo. If the port
charges have been paid and her cargo is
properly accounted for, then the collector of
the port will furnish the captain with clear-
ance papers, without which Uae vessel must
not leave port.
Drawback— A refund of duties paid on im-
ported material that is used in the manufac-
ture of goods that are exported. The United
States government allows the exporter the
import duty paid, less 1 per cent.
Salvage — The reward granted by law for eav-
ing life and property at sea.
Jettison— The throwing overboard of a part
of the cargo or any article on board of a
ship for the purpose of lightening the ship in
case of necessity.
Bill of health— A certificate stating that the
vessel comes from a port where no contagious
disease prevails, and that none of the pas-
sengers (if carried) nor the crew at the time
of departure was infected with any disease.
MARINE INSURANCE.
A contract of marine insurance is a con-
tract of indemnity whereby the insurer un-
dertakes to indemnify the insured in the man-
ner and to the extent agreed against marine
losses; i. e.. the losses incident to marine
adventure.
Unless specially mentioned in the policy,
goods are not insured until they are on boa-'d
of the vessel which is to carry them. Below
are brief outlines of clauses and terms occur-
ring in policies.
General average— Suppose a vessel springs a
leak and to save her from sinking the captain
throws overboard a portion of her cargo
The last shipment loaded on board is generally
the first to come out.
If the shipment is fully insured the under-
writers will pay the amount assessed against
the goods, but whether the goods are insured
or not the general average will make good to
the owner the value of the goods which were
jettisoned less the assessment which the owner
is called upon to pay. It is safe to figure that
all policies of insurance on goods cover and
protect the merchant against assessments in
general average.
Thus a merchant can suffer considerable loss
by reason of assessment levied against his
goods in general average, although the goods
amve.at their destination in a perfectly sound
condition— but such losses can be fully covered
by insurance.
Free of particular average (f. p. a.)— Under
American conditions it is understood that no
claim for partial loss or damage will be al-
lowed by the underwriters unless the loss or
damage is caused by the vessel's having been
burned, stranded, sunk or in collision.
With average (w. a.)— This means that no
claim will be made on the underwriters for
partial loss caused by sea perils unless the
damage amounts to 5 per cent or more of the
value of the shipment.
Free of all average (f. a. a.)— This, as the
clause signifies, means free of all average.
Collision or ruling or running down clause
(r. d. c.)— This is a clause in which the un-
derwriters take a burden of a proportion,
usually three-quarters, of the damage inflicted
on other vessels by collision for which the in-
sured vessel is held to blame. Sometimes this
clause is ext^nd^d to cover the whole of the
assured's liabilities arising out of the damage
done to property by the collision of the in-
sured vessel with another and the claus^ is
then known as the "four-fourths running down
clause."
Incharmee clause— This clause covers loss of
or damage to hull and machinery thrDugrh the
negligence of master, mariners, engineers and
pilots, or through exnlosions. bursting of h oil-
ers, breakage of shafts or through any latent
defect in the machinery or hull, provided such
loss or damage has not resulted from want
of due diligence by the owners of the ehip
or by the manager.
140
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN
The movement for building1 good roads in the
various states of the union, after a year or
more of delay owing1 to the world war. was
taken up again in 1919 with renewed zeal. The
number of contracts for new work was not as
large as expected owing to the high cost of
materials and labor, but plans were made on an
extensive scale not only for the immediate fu-
ture but for a number of years to come. In
several states, notably in the Mississ:ppi valley,
the legislatures made liberal provisions for
pushing1 work on good roads. Governors, high-
way associations and state and federal road de-
partments were active in stimulating- public in-
terest in the movement not only for the sake
States. 1919.
THE UNITED STATES.
of improving1 communications but for giving
employment to returned soldiers.
FEDERAL FUNDS FOR ROADS.
The postolnce appropriation bill for the fis-
cal year 1920 as passed contained an amend-
ment increasing1 the amount of federal-aid
funds by $200.000.000 and funds for forest
reservation roads by $9.000.000. This amend-
ment will be found under "Work of the 65th
Congress'' on another page in this volume. The
apportionment of funds made available in
1919 and succeeding years (fiscal years end-
ing June 30) for federal-aid roads among the
states was :
1921.
1920.
Total.
Alabama . 51.676,167.27 $1,995,501.79 $2,100,528.20 $5,772,197.26
Arizona 1,096.124.71 1301,582.79 1,370,087.15 3.767.794.65
1 596 436 11 1.680,459.06 4,615,210.47
2'896,071.77 3018,496.60 8.378.176.66
I 648 384.71 1.735.141.80 4,759,446.75
'583422.84 614.120.30 1,690,104.56
154630.46 162,768.90 447.748.91
1 090 214.68 1,147,594.40 3,150.258.97
2i557.485.02 2.692,089.50 7.402.517.16
1 159.967.62 1,221.018.55 3.355.357.49
4'l52 546.23 4.371.101 29 12,030,300.34
2'564,846.86 2,699.838.80 7.428,078.10
2 741 787.78 2,886.092 40 7944.106.79
2/728. 996,46 2.872.627.85 7.896.692.32
1 856.043.83 1,953.730.35 5,372.039 70
1.293.3S5.16 1.361,458.06 3,741.751.53
914.M30 95 962.463.11 2.648.196.53
826,000.34 869.474.04 2.393.224 49
1.400.078.27 1.473,766.60 4,053.542.87
3.749.706.23 2,894,427.60 7.964.055.15
2,699,471 61 2.841,549.06 7.814.642.78
1.709.027J70 1.798.976.53 4.942.961.61
3.221.096.78 3,390.628.19 9.324.804.29
1,898.987.59 1,998.934.31 5.490.771.51
2.026.619.93 2.133,284.14 5.866,303.82
1,221.573.56 1.285.866 90 3,536.798.63
394.839.72 415.620.76 1,143.870.83
1.128.696.52 1,188,101.60 3.265.844.18
1.517.692.98 1,597.571.56 4.388,898.30
4.727.117.16 4.975.912.80 13 692.821.37
2.165.957.19 2,279.954.94 6.271.591 83
1.459.884.53 1.539.720.56 4.222.980.46
3,523.478 70 3.708.924.95 10.205.625 80
2.190,805.45 2.306.111.00 6,341.878.29
1.496.172.29 1.574.918.20 4.330.944.44
4.362.544 11 4.592,151 69 12.632.849.94
221.408.81 233.06X.91 640,971.18
1,332.864.40 1,434.594.10 3.945.192.55
1,540.369.29 1,621.441 36 4.458.545.00
2,150.996.65 2.264.207.00 6.230.431.10
5.559.816.80 5.852,438.74 16.091,245.04
1.078.424.99 1.135,184.20 3.12281491
429.376.63 451.975.40 1.244.002.06
1.884.900.«1 1.984.105.91 5.458.162.37
1.372.497 77 1,444.734.49 3 971 782 54
1.010.817.29 1.064.018.20 2!926!369'86
2.418,598.40 2.545.893.O5 7 005 228 39
1.164.533 66 1.225.824.90 _3. 370.667 25
92.150000.00 97.000.000.00 266.750000.00
2.850.000.00 3.000.000.00 8.250.000.00
MI.OOO 000.00 95.000,000.00 100 000.000.00 275.000.000.00
MOTOR CAR LICENSE FEES PAID IN 1918.
Arizona
Arkansas
1.338.315.30
2.433,607.29
Colorado
1,375.920.24
Connecticut
492.552.42
Delaware
Florida
. . 130.349.55
912.44989
Georgia
Idaho
2.152.942.64
974.371.32
Illinois
3.506.652.82
Indiana
2.163.392.44
2.316.226.61
2.295.068.01
1.562.265.52
Louisiana
Maine
1.086,908.30
771,393.47
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
697.750.11
1.179.698.00
2.319.921.33
o 073 822 1 1
1.434,957.38
2.713.079.32
1.592.847.61
1.706.399.75
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
fYhin
1.029.358.17
333.410.35
949.046.06
1.273.633.76
3.989.791.41
1.825.679.70
1.226.375.37
2.973.222.15
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
1.844,961.84
1.259.853.95
3.678.154.14
186.500.46
1.147.73405
1.296.734.35
1.815.227.45
-1,678.989.50
909.205.72
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
362.650.03
1.589.155.85
1.154.550.28
SM -V91 .1<7
™*** ....... o^^^l
980.308.69
West
Wisconsin
TTT.. . «7OV/,»JWO.UIT
WySS2f . 77.600.000701)
Administration ' '-'- - '- ! -'-V. 2.400 000.00
Grand total
qtj>tp Fees.
*£s* f&M
irtSSSi -...'••• , iii^-9S
8SKS3X' ".-.•.•. 3-i3o:8S:S<S
SSSSS?.::. iM*i
Florida 335.000.00
Georgia . 349.000.00
Idaho ......... 575.242.21
Illinois 2.763.865.03
Indiana 1.293.12850
Iowa 2, 547.595. SO
Kansas 07.36100
Kentucky 402 234.28
Louisiana 240.000.00
Maine 570.119.50
State.
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan ...
Minnesota .
Mississippi .
Missouri ...
Montana ...
Nebraska . .
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey. .
New Mexico
New York ....
North Carolina
North Dakota.
Ohio ,
Oklahoma
Fees
$845.660.13
2.156.845.37
2.875.266 32
1.018.635.00
23,584.00
1.393.528.19
350,913.50
525,000.00
31.802.75
438. 756. 7'1
2.415.039 69
105,631.35
'394',728'.67
452 5^7.87
1.990.427.50
1.300.000.00
. State.
Oregon $461.422.00
Pennsylvan'a
Rhode Island..'.'
South Carolina
South Dakota..
Tennessee
Utah
Vermont
Vi-grinia
Washington ..
West Virginia.
Wisconsin
Wyoming ,
731.027.00
58.796.00
300.216.72
282.742.00
400.000.00
2.036.588.00
229.203.24
398.753.79
Total $44.496.232.33
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
141
Much of the revenue was converted into state
road building funds.
FEDERAL HIGHWAY COUNCIL.
The Federal Highway Council was formed
at a meeting held in Chicago April 7. 1919. by
representatives of 340 agencies which have
been urging the building of hard roads. Its
aim is to urge further federal aid for road
construction and to co-ordinate the efforts of
national, state and other organizations in
building highways. The officers of the coun-
cil are:
President— S. M. Williams. Lima. Ohio.
Secretary-Treasurer— H. G. Shirley. Baltimore.
Vice-Presidents — Gen. T. Ooleman Du Pont. Wil-
mington. Del.: David Jamison, president
, American Automobile association: Col. C.
Clifton, president National Automobile Cham
ber of Commerce, Cleveland. Ohio: Louis J.
Hill. Great Northern railway. St. Paul. Minn.:
A. H. Blanchard, president American Road
Builders' association. New York: C. F. Adams,
president Associated Highways, Chillicothe.
Mo.
ASSOCIATED HIGHWAYS OF AMERICA.
Delegates from thirty-seven good roads asso-
ciations held a conierence in Kansas City, Mo.,
Jan. 21. 1919. and perfected a permanent as-
sociation, choosing "The Associated Highways
of America" as the official title. The general
officers elected were:
President— C. F. Adams. Chillicothe. Mo., presi-
dent of the Pikes Peak ocean to ocean high-
way.
Secretary— Frank A. Davis. Kansas City. Mo.,
secretary of the National Old Trails associa-
tion.
Treasurer — H. L. Hutchings, Kansas City, Mo.,
president of the Kansas City Automobile club.
The aim of the organization is to promote
the construction of a well defined and con-
nected system of improved highways and also
to work for a national system of highways.
ILLINOIS HARD ROADS PLAN.
The act providing lor a statewide system of
durable hard roaus in liliuois was passed by
the legislature and approved by Gov. Lpwden
June 22. 1917. At the November election in
1918 it was approved by the electors of the
state by a majouty of 212.405 votes. The act
provided for a bond issue of $60.000,000 for
paying the cost of the system of roads, the
work to be under the supervision of the state
department of public works and buildings. In
order to test the validity of the act a friendly
suit was filed in the Circuit court of Sanga-
mon county by John M. Mitchell. Judge E. S.
Smith upheld the act and an appeal was taken
to the State Supreme court which on April
15. 1919. handed down an opinion that the
bond issue was valid.
The general location of the routes of the
proposed roads is described in the act. There
are to be forty-six of them, the terminals and
intervening towns being as follows:
1. Chicago to Metropolis through Chicago
Heights, Watseka. Danville, Paris, Marshall.
Robinson, Lawrencevilie, Mount Carmel.
Albion, Grayville. Carmi. Harrisburg and
Vienna.
2. Beloit, Wis.. to Cairo. 111., through Rock-
ford, Oregon, Dixon. Mendota, Peru. La Salle,
El Paso, Bloom ngton, Clinton, Decatur. Pana.
Vandalia, Centralia, Duquoin. Carbondale and
Anna.
3. Morrison to Chester through Prophetstown.
Moline, Rock Island. Aledo, 'Monmouth, Ma-
comb, Rushville. Beardstown, Virginia, Ash-
land, Alexander. Jacksonville. White Hall.
Carrollton, Jerseyville, Alton, East St. Louis
and Waterloo.
i. Chicago to East St. Louis through Berwyn.
Riverside. Lyons, Joliet, Dw.ght. Pontiac,
Bloomington, Lincoln, Elkhart, Williamsville,
Springfield. Carlinville. Edwardsville and
Granite City.
5. Chicago to East Dubuque through Elgin.
Marengo. Rockford. Freeport and Galena.
6. Chicago to Fulton through Wheaton.
Geneva. Elburn, De Kalb, Rochelle. Dixon.
Sterling and Morrison.
7. Joliet to East Moline through Morris. Otta-
wa. La Salle, Peru. De Pue, Princeton and
Geneseo.
8. Sheldon to Burlington. la., through Wat-
seka, Chenoa, El Paso, Eureka, Peoria.
Farmington. Elmwood. Yates City. Gales-
burg and Monmouth.
9. Hoopeston to Hamilton through Paxton.
Bloomington, Carlock. Goodfield. Deer Creek,
Morton. Peoria. Canton. Prairie City. Bush-
nell. Macomb and Carthage.
10j Danville to Jacksonville through Urbana,
Champaign, Monticello. Bement. Decatur and
Spring-field.
11. Marshall to East St. Louis through Green-
up. Effingham. Vandalia. Greenville. Baden
Baden and Highland.
12. Lawrenceville to East St. Louis through
Olney. Flora, Salem. Carlyle and Lebanon.
13. Shawneetown to East St. Louis through
Harrisburg-. Marion, Carbondale, Murphys-
boro, Pinckneyville. Sparta and Belleville.
14. Carmi to Duquoin through McLeansboro.
Benton and Christopher.
15. Albion to Belleville through Fairfield.
Mount Vernon, Ashley, Nashville and Okaw-
16. Pan; to Staunton through Charleston, Mat-
toon. Shelbyville. Pana. Hillsboro. Litch-
field and Mount Olive.
17. Grant Park to Lacon through Momence.
Kankakee. Dwight. Streator. Eagle Church
Corners. Gai field, Wenona. Custer and Lacon.
18. Chicago to Princeton through Aurora, ps-
wego, Yorkville. Piano. Sandwich. Earlville
and Mendota.
19. Chicago to Harvard through Barrington
and Woodstock.
20. Waukegan to Woodstock through Grays
Lake and McHenry.
21. Chicago to Wisconsin state line through
Libertyville and Antioch.
22. Chicago Heights to Lake Forest through
Joliet. Aurora. Geneva. Elgin. Dundee. Car-
pentersville and Barrington.
23. Wisconsin state line to Streator through
Harvard. Marengo. Sycamore. De Kalb and
24. Peoria to Pana through Pekin. Green Val-
ley, 'Mason City, Greenview. Athens and
25PKankakee to Fairfield through Gilman.
Paxton. Champaign. Tuscola. Mattoon. Ef-
fing-ham, Tolliver, Louisville and Flora.
26. Freeport to Dixon through Polo.
27. Polo to Savanna through Mount Carroll.
28 Galesburg to Sheffield through Kewanee.
29. Peoria to De Pue through Chillicothe and
30.epeoria to Galva through Princeville and
31WC°aIntcn' to Quincy through Lewistown.
Sullivan,
Lovington. Ulrich Station and Lake City.
33. Effingham to Robinson through Newton
34. Harrisburg to Elizabethtown and Gol-
35 Route 2 north of Cairo to Mound City.
36 Carthage to Jacksonville through Bowen
Ursa. Quincy. Payson. Barry. Pittsfield and
Winchester.
37. Mount Vernon to Marion through Benton.
38. Jerseyville to Hardin and Kampsville.
39. Champaign to Bloomington through Ma-
homet. Mansfield. Farmer City and Leroy.
40. Sterling to Milledgeville, Chadwick, Mount
Carroll and Stockton.
41. Galesburg to Abingdon. Avon and Praino
City,
142
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
42. Chicago to Wisconsin state line through
Waukegan and Zion City.
43. Havana to Mason City.
44. Joliet to Kankakee through Manhattan
and Wilton Center.
45. Garfield to Dana.
46. Arlington Heights to Oak Lawn through
Mount Prospect, Des Plaines. Franklin Park,
River Grove, Maywood. Broadview. La Grange
Park, La Grange, Lyons and Summit.
Contracts were let by the state department
of public works at Spr ngfiold on May 6, 1919.
for the improvement of 650 miles of road at
an average price of $27,900 per mile. The
cost of the sections awarded averaged about
40 per cent higher than it would have been
"before the war. The roads to be modernized
were the old Cumberland or1 National trail, in
the southern part of the state, running from
the state line near Terre Haute to St. Louis;
the Dixie highway, near the eastern line of the
state from Chicago Heights to Danville; the
Chicago, Joliet. Ottawa, La Salle. Peoria.
Springfield, Carlinville, Edwardsville. and East
St. Louis: the Lincoln highway, from Chicago
to Fulton; the Wiscons'n road from Niles to
the Wisconsin line north of Zion City.
GOOD ROADS LAW IN MISSOURI.
In April, 1919, the Missouri legislature
passed a good roads law in providing for a
system of 6,000 miles of graded highways in
the state.
MILLIONS FOR MINNESOTA ROADS.
The Minnesota legislature in February. 1919,
passed a bill providing for a bond issue of
S75.000.000 for the construction of trunk
roads and connecting links throughout the
state.
THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION.
The Rockefeller Foundation, with a fund of
approximately $100,000,000 donated by John
D. Rockefeller, was chartered by the state of
New York in 1913. The officers in 1918-1919
Chairman of Trustees— John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
President — George E. Vincent.
Secretary— Edwin R. Embree.
Treasurer— L. G. Myers.
Comptroller— Robert H. Kirk.
Headquarters — 61 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
During the calendar year 1918 the Rocke-
feller Foundation, through its own depart-
ments and by co-operation with seventeen in-
dependent agencies, engaged in the following
•work:
1. Extended the campaign against tubercu-
losis in France.
2. Conducted demonstrations of malaria
control in Arkansas and Mississippi.
3. Helped to check a yellow fever epidemic
in Guatemala*
. 4. Made investigations and surveys and in-
augurated measures against the same disease
in Ecuador.
5. Continued or began hookworm control
and encouraged sanitation in twenty-one for-
eign states and countries and twelve states of
the Union.
6. Entered into comprehensive co-operation
for improved health oiganization in Brazil and
Australia.
7. Supported a school of hygiene and pub-
lic health in connection with the Johns Hop-
kins university.
8. Continued to contribute to various war
•work agencies until the total given since 1914
reached nearly $22,500,000.
9. Pushed forward the fifteen buildings of
a new medical center in Pekin.
10. Increased the funds of twenty-four
missionary tmspitals, medical and pre-medical
schools in China.
11. Co-operated with South American insti-
tutions in establishing certain departments of
research and teaching.
12. Maintained sixty-eight fellows and
scholars from the United States, China and
Brazil, who were studying at American medi-
cal schools.
13. Supported studies in mental hygiene.
14. Continued appropriations for the care
of infantile paralysis cases-.
15. Made additional gifts to the Rockefel-
ler Institute for Medical Research.
16. Lent expert members of the Foundation
staff for various services.
17. Brought to an end studies in industrial
relations.
18. Made surveys for the American Red
Cross and for the American Social Hygiene
association.
The book value of the principal funds of
the Foundation on Jan. 1. 1919, were: Gen-
eral fund, $120.765,856: Laura S. Rockefel-
ler fund, $152.733; reserve, $1.258.036: spe-
cial designated funds. $116,800. Following is
a statement of the receipts and disbursements
of 1918:
RECEIPTS.
Income collected $7,610.827
Held from 3917 11.629.048
Gift from founder 1,000,000
Total .* 20,239,875
EXPENDITURES.
War work 11,105,226
Public health 1255990
Medical education 2,419.866
Miscellaneous 128,314
Administration 140,808
Pledged for 1919 5,189,673
Total 20,239,875
FOREIGN BIRTH
Rate
Country and year. Births,
United States (1916) 24.8
Australian Com. (1915) 27.3
Austria (1912) 31.3
Belgium (1912) 22.6
Bulgaria (1911) 40. 2>
Ceylon (1915) 37.0
Chile (1914) 37.0
Denmark (1915) 24.2
England and Wales (1915) 22.0
Finland (1914) 26.9
France (1912) 19.0
German empire (1913) 27.5
Hungary (1912) 36.3
Ireland (1915) 22.0
Italy (1913) 31.7
AND INFANT MORTALITY RATES.
per 1,000 population.
Deaths. Country and year. Births.
14.7 Jamaica (1915) .............. 346
Japan (1913) ..........
Netherlands (1915) .............. 26>2
New Zealand (1915) .......... 25.3
Norway (1915) ........ .. 252
Ontario (1915) ................... 24*2
Prussia (1912) ................... 28.9
Roumania (1914) ....... ..425
Russia (1909) .................... 44.0
Scotland (1915) ............... 23.9
Serbia (1911) ............... 36.2
Sv.eden (1913) ................. ... 23.2
Switzerland (1914) .............. 22.5
United Kingdom (1915) ......... 22.2
.
10.7
20.5
14.8
21.5
25.2
27.8
12.8
15.7
15.6
17.5
15.0
.3
23.
17.6
18.7
Deaths.
21.6
19.5
12.4
9.1
13.5
12.0
15.5
23.8
28.9
17.1
21.8
13.6
13.8
15.6
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
14S
COST OF LIVING IN
PRESIDENT WILSON'S MESSAGE.
The continued increase in the cost of food,
clothing', rents and the necessities of life gen-
erally compelled the government of the United
States to take radical action early in August.
1919. So numerous and bitter were the com-
plaints of the consumers and so threatening
had the labor situation become that President
Wilson finally took the matter up in earnest
with his cabinet and then appealed to con-
gress lor legislative aid in curbing the prof-
iteers and regulating prices. His address, de-
livered before a joint session of both houses
on Aug. 8, follows:
"Gentlemen of the Congress: I have sought
this opportunity to address you because it is
clearly my duty to call your attention to the
present cost of living and to urge upon you,
wiih all the persuasive force of which I am
capable, the legislative measures which would
be most effective in controlling it and bringing
it down.
"The prices the people of this country are
paying for everything that it is necessary for
them to use in order to live are not justified
by a shortage in supply, either present or
prospective, and are in many cases artificially
and deliberately created by vicious practices
which ought immediately to be checked by
law.
"They constitute a burden upon us which is
the' more unbearable because we know that it
is willfully imppsed by those who have the
power and that it can, by vigorous public ac-
tion, be greatly lightened and made to square
with the actual conditions of supply and de-
mand.
"Some of the methods by which these prices
are produced are already illegal, some of them
criminal and those who employ them will be
energetically proceeded against; but others
have not yet been brought under the law, and
should be dealt with at once by legislation.
"I need not recite the part culars of this
critical matter — the prices demanded and paid
at the sources of supply, at the factory, in
the food markets, at the shops, in the restau-
rants and hotels, alike in the city and in the
village. They are familiar to you. They are
the talk of every domestic circle and of every
group of casual acquaintances even.
"It is a matter of fam.liar knowledge also
that a process has set in which is likely, un-
less something is done, to push prices and
rents and the whole cost of living higher and
yet higher, in a vicious cycle to which there
is no logical or natural end.
"With the increase in the prices of the nec-
essaries of life come demands for increases in
wages— demands which are justified if there be
no other means of enabling men to live. Upon
the increase of wages there follows close an
increase in the price of the products whose
producers have been accorded the increase —
not a proportionate increase, ior the manufac-
turer does not content himself with that, but
an increase considerably greater than the added
wage cost and for which the added wage cost
is oftentimes hardly more than an excuse.
"The laborers who do not get an increase in
pay when they demand it are likely to strike,
and the strike only makes matters worse. It
checks production. It affects the railways: it
prevents distribution and strips the markets,
so that there is presently nothing to buy and
there is another excessive addition to prices
resulting frorr the scarcity.
"These are facts and forces with which we
have become only too familiar; but we are
not justified, because of our familiarity with
them or because of any hasty and shallow con-
clus'on that they are 'natural' and inevitable.
in sitting inactively by and letting them work
their fatal results if there is anything that we
can do to check, correct and reverse them.
I have sought this opportunity to inform
THE UNITED STATES.
the congress what the executive is doing- by
way oi remedy and control and to suggest
where effective legal remedies are lacking and
may be supplied.
"We must, I think, frankly admit that there
is no complete immediate remedy to be had
from legislation and executive action. The free
processes of supply and demand will not oper-
ate of themselves and no legislative or execu-
tive action can force them into full and nat-
ural operation until there is peace.
''There is now neither peace nor war. All
the world is waiting — with what unnerving1 ,
fears and haunting doubts who can adequately
say?— waiting to know when it comes— a peace
in which each nation shall make shift for it-
self as it can, or a peace buttressed and sup-
ported by the will and concert of the nations
that have the purpose and the power to do
and to enforce what is right.
"Politically, economically, socially, the world
is on the operating table, and it has not been
possible to administer any anaesthetic. It is
conscious. It even watches the capital oper-
ation upon wh:ch it knows that its hope of
healthful life depends. It cannot think ita
business out or make plans or give intelligent
and provident direction to its affairs while in
such a case.
"Where there is no peace of mind there can
be no energy in endeavor. There can be no
confidence in industry, no calculable basis for
credits, no confident buying or systematic sell-
ing, no certain prospect of employment, no
normal restoration of business, no hopeful at-
tempt at reconstruction or the proper reassem-
bling of the dislocated elements of enterprise
until peace has been established and. so far as
rr.ay be, guaranteed.
"Our national life has no doubt been less *
radically d sturbed and dismembered than the
national life of other peoples whom the war
more directly affected, with all its terrible rav-
aging and destructive force: but it has been,
nevertheless, profoundly affected and disar-
ranged and our industries, our credits, our
productive capacity, our economic processes,
are inextricably interwoven with those of other
nations and peoples — most intimately of all
with the nations and peoples upon whom the
chief burden and confusion of the war fell and
who are now most dependent upon the co-
operative action of the world.
"We are just now shipping more goods out
of our ports to foreign markets than we ever
shipped before^not foodstuffs merely, but
stuffs and materials of every sort; but this it
no index oi what our foreign sales will con-
tinue to be or of the effect the volume of our
exports will have on supplies and prices.
"It is impossible yet to predict how far OP
for how long foreign purchasers w.ll be able to
find the money or the credit to pay for OP
sustain such purchases on such a scale; how
soon or to what extent foreign manufacturers
can resume their former production, foreign
farmers get their accustomed crops from their
own fields, foreign mines resume their former
cut put, foreign merchants set up again theip
old machinery of trade with the ends of tho
earth. -
"All these things must remain uncertain
until peace is established and the nations of
the world have concerted the methods by
which normal life and industry are to be re-
stored. All that we shall do. in the mean-
time, to restrain profiteering and put the life
of our people upon a tolerable footing will be
makeshift and provisional.
'There can be no settled conditions here or
elsewhere until the treaty of peace is out of
the way and the work of liquidating the war
has become the chief concern of our govern-
ment and the other governments of the world.
Until then, business will inevitably remain
speculative and away now this way and again
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
that, with heavy losses or heavy gains as it
may chance, and the consumer must take care
of both the Rains and the losses. There can
be no peace prices so long1 as our whole finan-
cial and economic system is on a war basis.
"Europe will not. cannot, recoup her capital
or put her restless, distracted people to work
until she knows exactly where she stands in
respect of peace; and what we will do is for
her the chief question upon which her
quietude of mind and confidence of purpose de-
pend. While there is any possibility that
the peace terms may be changed or may be
held longr in abeyance or may not be enforced
because of divisions of opinion among- the
powers associated against Germany, it is idle
to look for permanent relief.
"But what we can do we should do. and
should do at once. And there is a great deal
that we can do. provisional though it be.
Wheat shipments and ered-ts t9 facilitate the
purchase of our wheat can and will be limited
and controlled in such a way as not to raise
but rather to lower the price of flour here.
The government has the power, within cer-
tain limits, to regulate that.
"We cannot deny wheat to foreign peoples
who are in dire need of it and we do not wish
to do so, but. fortunately, though the wheat
crop is not what we hoped it would be, it is
abundant if handled with provident care. The
price of wheat is lower in the United States
than in Europe and can, with proper man-
agement, be kept so.
"By way of immediate relief, surplus stocks
of both food and clothing in the hands of the
government will be sold, and, of course, sold
at prices at which there is no profit. And
by way of a more permanent correction of
prices surplus stocks in private hands will be
drawn out of storage and put upon the
market.
"Fortunately, under the terms of the food
control act, the hoarding- of foodstuffs can be
checked and prevented: and they will be, with
the greatest energy. Foodstuffs can be drawn
out of storage and sold by legal action which
the department of justice will institute wher-
ever necessary: but soon as the situation is
systematically dealt with it is not likely that
the courts will often have to be resorted to.
"Much of the accumulating of stocks has no
doubt been due to the sort of speculation
which always results from uncertainty. Great
surpluses were accumulated because it was
impossible to foresee what the market would
disclose and dealers were determined to be
ready for whatever might happen, as well as
eager to reap the full advantage of rising
prices. They will now see the disadvantage,
as well as the danger, of holding off from the
new process of distribution.
"Some very interesting and significant facts
with regard to stocks on hand and the rise of
prices in the face of abundance have been dis-
closed by the inquiries of the department of
agriculture, the department of labor and the
federal trade commission. They seem to jus-
tify the statement that in the case of many
necessary commodities effective means have
been found to prevent the normal operation of
Hie law of supply and demand.
"Disregarding the surplus stock in the hands
»f the government, there was a greater supply
•f foodstuffs in this country on June 1 of this
rear than at the same date last year.
"In the combined total of a number of the
most important foods in dry and cold storage
the excess is 19 per cent. And yet prices
kave risen. The supply of fresh eggs on hand
,n June of this year, for example, was greater
oy nearly 10 r»°r cent than the supply on hand
it the same time last year, and yet the whole-
sale price was 40 cents a dozen as against 30
jent.s a year ago.
"The stock of frozen fowls had increased
more than 298 per cent, and yet the price had
risen also from 34% cents per pound to 37%
cents. The supply of creamery butter had in-
creased 129 per cent and the price from 41 to
53 cents per pound.
"The supply of salt beef had been aug-
mented 3 per cent and the price had gone up
from $34 a barrel to $36 a barrel. Canned
corn had increased in stock nearly 92 per cent
and had remained substantially the same in
price.
"In a few foodstuffs the prices had declined,
but in nothing like the proportion in which
the supply had increased. For example, the
stock of canned tomatoes had increased 102
ppr cont and yet the price had declined only
25 cents per dozen cans. In some cases there
had been the usual result of an increase of
price following a decrease of supply, but in
almost every instance the increase of price
had been disproportionate to the decrease in
stock.
"The attorney-general has been making a
careful study of the situation as a whole and
of the laws that can be applied to better it
and is convinced that, under the stimulation
and temptation of exceptional circumstances,
combinations of producers and combinations
of traders have been formed for the control
of supplies and of prices which are clearly
in restraint of trade and against these prosecu-
tions will be promptly instituted and actively
pushed, which will in all likelihood have a
prompt corrective effect.
"There is reason to believe that the prices
of leather, of coal, of lumber and of textiles
have been materially affected by forms of con-
cert and co-operation among the producers and
marketers of these and other universally nec-
essary commodities which it will be possible
to redress.
"No watchful or energetic effort will be
spared to accomplish this necessary result. I
trust that there will not be many cases in
which prosecution will be necessary. Public
action will no doubt cause many who have
perhaps unwittingly adopted illegal methods to
abandon them promptly and of their own
motion.
"And publicity can accomplish a great deal.
The purchaser can often take care of himself
if he knows the facts and influences with
which he is dealing and purchasers are not
disinclined to do anything, either singly or
collectively, that may be necessary for their
self-protection.
"The department of commerce, the depart-
ment of agriculture, the department of labor
and the federal trade commission can do a
great deal toward supplying the public, sys-
tematically and at short intervals, with infor-
mation regarding the actual supply of particu-
lar commodities that is in existence and avail-
able, with regard to supplies which are in ex-
istence but not available because of hoarding,
and with regard to the methods of price
fixing which are being used by dealers in cer-
tain foodstuffs and other necessaries.
"There can be little doubt that retailers are
in part — sometimes in large part — responsible
for exorbitant prices; and it is quite prac-
ticable for the government, through the agen-
cies I have mentioned, to supply the public
with full information as to the prices at
which retailers buy and as to the costs of
transportation they pay. in order that it may
be known just what margin of profit they are
demanding. Opinion and concerted action on
the part of purchasers can probably do the
rest.
"That is. these agencies may perform this
indispensable service provided the congress
will supply them with the necessary funds to
prosecute their inquiries and keep their price
lists up to date.
"'Hitherto the appropriation committees of
the houses have not always, I fear, seen the
full value of these inquiries and the depart-
ments and commissions have been very much
straitened for means to give this service.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
145
That adequate funds be provided by appropri-
ation for this purpose and provided as prompt-
ly as possible, is one of the means of greatly
ameliorating: the present distressing: conditions
of livelihood that I have come to urg-e in this
attempt to concert with you the best ways to
serve the country in this emergency. It is one
of the absolutely necessary means, underlying:
many others, and can be supplied at once.
"There are many other ways. Existing- law
is inadequate. There are many perfectly legit-
imate methods by which the government can
exercise restraint and guidance.
"L»et me urge, in the first place, that the
present food control act should be extended
both as to the period of time during which
it shall remain in operation and as to the com-
modities to which it shall apply. Its pro-
visions against hoarding should be made to
apply not only to food but also to foodstuffs,
to fuel, to clothing and to many other com-
modities, which are indisputably necessaries of
"As it stands now, it is limited in operation
to the period of the war and becomes inopera-
tive upon the formal proclamation of peace.
But I should judge that it was clearly within
the constitutional power of the congress to
make similar permanent provisions and regu-
lations with regard to all goods dest ned for
interstate commerce and to exclude them from
interstate shipment if the requirements of the
law are not complied with.
"Some such regulation is imperatively nec-
essary. The abuses that have grown up in
the manipulation of prices by the withhold-
ing of foodstuffs and other necessaries of life
cannot otherwise be effectively prevented.
There can be no doubt of either the necessity
or the legitimacy of such measures. May I
not call attention to the fact. also. that, al-
though the present act prohibits profiteering,
the prohibition is accompanied by no penalty?
It is clearly in the public interest that a pen-
alty should be provided which will be persua-
sive.
"To the same end I earnestly recommend,
in the second place, that the congress pass a
law regulating cold storage as it is regulated,
for example, by the laws of the state of New
Jersey, which limit the time during which
goods may be kept in storage, prescribe the
method of disposing of them if kept beyond
the permitted period and require that goods
released from storage shall in all cases bear
the date of their receipt.
"It would materially add to the serviceability
of the law. for the purpose we now have in
view, if it were also prescribed that all goods
» released from storage for interstate shipment
should have plainly marked upon each pack-
age the selling or market price at which they
went into storage. By this means the pur-
chaser would always be able to learn what
profits stood between him and the producer
or the wholesale dealer.
"It would serve as a useful example to the
other communities of this country, as well as
greatly relieve 'local distress, if the congress
were to regulate all such matters very fully
for the District of Columbia, where its legis-
lative authority is without limit.
"I would also recommend that it be required
that all goods destined for interstate com-
merce should, in every case where their fprm
or package makes it possible, be plainly
marked with the price at which they left the
hands of the producer. Such a requirement
would bear a close analogy to certain pro-
visions of the pure food act, by which it is
required that certain detailed information be
given on the labels of packages of food and
drugs.
"And it does not seem to me that we can
C9nfine ourselves to detailed measures of this
kind, if it is indeed our purpose to assume na-
tional control of the processes of distribution.
I take it for granted that that is our pur-
pose and our duty. Nothing less will suffice.
We need not hesitate to handle a national
question in a national way.
"We should go beyond the measures I have
suggested. We should formulate a law re-
quiring a federal license of all corporations
engaged in interstate commerce and embody-
ing in the license, or in the conditions under
which it is to be issued, specific regulations
designed to secure competitive selling and pre-
vent unconscionable profits in the method of
marketing. Such a law would afford a wel-
come opportunity to effect other much needed
reforms in the business of interstate shipment
and in the methods of corporations which are
engaged in it. but for the moment I confine
my recommendations to the object immediate-
ly in hand, which is to lower the cost ol
living.
".May I not add that there is a bill now
pending before the congress which, if passed,
would do much to stop speculation and to pre-
vent the fraudulent methods of promotion by
which pur people are annually fleeced by
many millions of hard earned money? I refer
to the measure proposed by the capital issues
committee for the control of security issues.
It is a measure formulated by men who know
the actual conditions of business and its adop-
tion would serve a great and beneficent pur-
pose.
"We are dealing, gentlemen of the congress.
I need hardly say. with very critical and very
difficult matters. We should go forward with
confidence along the road we see, but we
should also se>ek to comprehend the whole of
the scene amidst which we act. There is no
ground for some of the fearful forecasts I
hear uttered about me, but the condition of
the world is unquestionably very grave and we
should face it comprehendingly.
"The situation of our own country is excep-
tionally fortunate. We. of all peoples, can af-
ford to keep our heads and to determine upon
moderate and sensible courses of action wh ch
will insure us against the passions and dis-
tempers which are working such deep unhap-
piness for some of the distressed nations on
the other side of the sea. But we may be in-
volved in their distresses, unless we help and
help with energy and intelligence.
"The world must pay for the appalling de-
struction wrought by the great war and we are
part of the world. We must pay our share.
For five years now the industty of all Europe
has been slack and disordered. The normal
crops have not been produced; the normal
quantity of manufactured goods has not been
turned out. Not until there are the usual
crops and the usual production of manufac-
tured goods on the other side of the Atlantic
can Europe return to the former conditions:
and it v/as upon the former conditions, not
the present, that our economic relations with
Europe were built up.
"We must face the fact that unless we
help Europe to get back to her normal life
and production a chaos will ensue there which
will inevitably be communicated to this coun-
try. For the present, it i= manifest, we must
quicken, not slacken, our own production. We.
and we almost alone, now hold the world
steady. Upon our steadfastness and self-pos-
session depend the affairs of nations every-
where. It is in this supreme crisis — this crisis
for all mankind — that America must prove her
mettle.
"In the presence of a world confused, dis-
tracted, she must show herself self-possessed,
self-contained, capable of sober and effective
action. She saved Europe by her action in
arms: she must now sav»e it by her act'on
in peace. In saving Europe she will save her-
self, as she d;d upon the battle fields of the
war. The calmness and capacity with which
she deals with and masters the problems of
peace will be the final test and proof of her
place among the peoples of the world.
146
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
"And. if only in our own interest, we must
help the people overseas. Europe is our big-
gest customer. We must keep her going- or
thousands of our shops and scores of our
mines must close. There is no such thing: as
letting- her go to ruin without ourselves shar-
ing1 in the disaster.
"In such circumstances, face to face with
such tests, passion must be discarded. Pas-
sion and a disregard for the rights of others
have no place in the counsels of a free
people. We need light, not heat, in these sol-
emn times of self-examination and saving- ac-
tion. There must be no threats. Let there
be only intell gent counsel and let the best
reasons win. not the strongest brute force.
"The world has just destroyed the arbitrary
force of a military junta. It will live under
no other. All that is arbitrary and coercive
is in the discard. Those who seek to employ
it only prepare their own destruction.
"We cannot hastily and overnight revolution-
ize all the processes of our economic life. We
shall not attempt to do so. These are days
of deep excitement and of extravagant speech,
but with us these are things of the surface.
Every one who is in real touch with the silent
masses of our great people knows that the
old strong fiber and steady self-control are
still there, firm against violence or any dis-
tempered action that would throw their af-
fairs into confusion.
"I am serenely confident that they will read-
ily find themselves, no matter what the cir-
cumstances, and that they will address them-
selves to the tasks of peace with the same
devotion and the same stalwart preference for
what is right that they displayed to the ad-
miration of the whole world in the midst of
"And I entertain another confident hope. I
have spoken to-day chiefly of measures of im-
perative regulation and legal compulsion, of
prosecutions and the sharp correction of self-
ish processes: and these no doubt are neces-
sary. But there are other forces that we may
count on besides those resident in the depart-
ment of justice. We have just fully awakened
to what has been going on and to the influ-
ences, many of them very selfish and sinister,
that have been producing high prices and im-
posing an intolerable burden on the mass of
our people. To have brought it all into the
open will accomplish the greater part of the
result we seek.
"I appeal with entire confidence to our pro-
ducers, our middlemen and our merchants to
deal fairly with the people. It is their oppor-
tunity to show that they comprehend, that
they intend to act justly and that they have
the public interest sincerely at heart. And I
have no doubt that housekeepers all over the
country and every one who buys the things
he daily stands in need of will presently ex-
ercise a greater vigilance, a more thoughtful
economy, a more discriminating care as to the
market in which he buys or the merchant with
whom he trades than he has hitherto ex-
ercised.
"I believe, too. that the more extreme leaders
of organized labor will presently yield to a
sober second thought and. like the great mass
of their associates, think and act like true
Americans. They will see that strikes under-
taken at this critical time are certain to make
matters worse, not better— worse for them
and for everybody else.
"The worst thing, the most fatal thing, that'
can be done now is to stop or interrupt pro-
duct'on or to interfere with the distribution of
goods by the railways and the shipping of the
country. We are all involved in the distress-
ing results of the high cost of living and we
must unite, not divide to correct it.
"There are many things that ought to be
corrected in the relations between capital and
labor, in re=pect of wages and conditions of
labor and other things even more far reaching.
and I, for one. am ready to go into confer-
ence about these matters \vith any group of
my fellow countrymen who know what they
are talking about and are willing to remedy
existing conditions by frank counsel rather
than by violent contest.
"No remedy is possible while men are in a
temper and there can be no settlement which
does not have as its motive and standard the
general interest. Threats and undue insist-
ence upon the interest of a single class make
settlement impossible.
"I believe, as I have hitherto had occasion
to say to the congress, that the industry and
life of our people and of the world will suffer
irreparable damage if employers and work-
men are to go on in a perpetual contest as
antagonists. They must, on one plane or an-
other, be effectively associated.
"Have we not steadiness and self-possession
and business sense enough to work out that
result? Undoubtedly we have, and we ehall
work it out. In the meantime — now and in the
days of readjustment and recuperation that are
ahead of us — l?t us resort more and more to
frank and intimate counsel and make ourselves
a great and triumphant nation, by making our-
selves a united force in the life of the world.
It will not then have looked to us for leader-
ship in vain."
INCREASE IN COMMODITY PRICES.
Until toward the close of 1919 the cost of
living in the United States, as in all other
countries of the world, continued to rise
steadily, causing discontent and unrest es-
pecially among workers. Strong efforts were
made by federal and state authorities and
also by local public and private agencies to
bring the prices of necessities down to a
normal level. Dun's Review for Sept. 13,
1919. said:
"With the widespread agitation against high
living costs, some commodity markets have
lately experienced sharp reaction, and Dun's
index number of wholesale quotations, after
five months of consecutive increase, declined
to 238.342 on Sept, 1 (On Oct. 1 the fig-
ure was 235.867.) This figure, which is
based on the estimated per capita consump-
tion of each of the many articles included in
the compilation, is 1.4 per cent under the
top point of 241.650 of Aug. 1. and all of
the seven groups into which the index num-
ber is separated, the miscellaneous class
alone excepted. disclose recession from the re-
cent record level. The yielding of prices has
been greatest in foodstuffs, meats being down
5.2 per cent: breadstuffs. 2.8 per cent: "other
food." 0.9 per cent, and dairy and garden
products 0.2 per cent, so that all foods to-
gether show a depreciation of 2.8 per cent
from the Aug. 1 basis. In clothing and
metals, where declines of 1.0 and 0.2 per cent,
respectively, appear, the changes are more
than offset by the rise of 2.9 per cent in the
miscellaneous division."
DUN'S INDEX NUMBER.
Dun's index number is computed in this
way: "On the nearest business day to the
first of every month about 300 wholesale
quotatipns are taken and these are separately
multiplied by a figure determined upon as the
estimated per capita consumption of each of
the many commodities embraced by the rec-
ord. The results are then grouped under
seven heads, the total of all representing the
actual cost of a given quantity of goods in
the wholesale markets at the specified dates.
By adopting the per capita consumption basis
in commuting the ind°x nnmhpr. no single
commodity has relatively more than its proper
weight in the aggregate: wide fluctuations,
therefore, in an article little used do not
materially affect the total, whereas changes in
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
147
the great staples have a larger bearing- on the
general result."
Breadstuffs include quotations of wheat,
corn oats, rye and barley, besides beans and
peas: meats include live hogs. beef, sheep and
various provisions, lard, tallow, etc.: dairy
and g-arden include butter, eggs, vegetables
and fruits: other foods include fish, liquors,
condiments, sugar, rice, tobacco, etc.: cloth-
ing- includes the raw material of each indus-
try, and quotations of woolen, cotton and
other textile goods, as well as hides and
break of the world war in July 1914. The
total increase for the five year period on
food was 85 per cent; shelter, 28 per cent;
clothing-, 100 per cent; fuel, heat and light.
57 per cent.
INCREASED COST OP CLOTHING.
The following- table compiled by one of the
largest retail ctothing establishments in New
York city showing the increase in the cost
of a man's ordinary outfit of clothing in 1919
as compared with 1914 is given merely as an
July 1—
1910
Breadstuffs
. $21.690
Record by
Dairy &
, Meat. garden.
$11.406 $14.663
9.414 17.473
10.715 15.501
13.090 13.039
12.979 17.244
12.134 15.563
14.400 19.435
18.824 26.449
23.719 24.750
25.660 26.160
Record by
$22.192 $27.138
21.530 24.705
22.027 22.937
22.892 24.440
24.362 26.120
24.712 26.901
25.660 26.160
25.105 26.877
23.790 26.293
20.084 27.983
Years Since
Other
food.
$10.556
11.384
11.828
10.213
10.449
10.724
12.156
14.225
21.929
23.342
Months in
$23.962
2 '1 .4 00
23.847
23.829
22.727
22.808
23.342
23.695
23.470
23.382
1910.
Clothing-
$21.173
19.324
20.449
20.534
20.834
20.902
25.800
36.527
45.238
45.623
1919.
$43.194
42 249
40i464
39.173
39.565
41.798
45.623
48.558
47.926
49.852
Metals.
$16.744
16.583
16.349
16.512
15.691
16.607
21.174
32.390
30.170
25.759
$28.762
28.587
28.217
25.637
25.796
25.559
25.759
26.606
26.533
26.578
Miscel-
laneous.
$22.936
22.669
21.471
21.739
21.425
22.561
25.799
29.617
35.349
35.435
$36.299
34.580
34.912
34.963
34.750
34.958
35.435
36.052
37.097
39.979
Total.
$119.168
118.130
122.277
116.319
119.708
124.958
145.142
211.950
232.575
233.707
$230.146
220.050
217.037
219.973
222.193
227.973
233.707
241.650
238.342
235.867
1911
21.283
19112
25.964
1913
21.192
1914
21 086
1915
26.467
1916
26 378
1917 .....
53.918
1918
51 420
1919 ...
51.738
Jan 1
...$48.599
Feb 1
44 999
Mar 1
.. 44.633
Apr 1
49 039
May 1
.. 48 873
51 237
July fl.
51 728
Aug 1
.. 54.757
Sept 1
53 233
Oat 1
48.009
leather: metals include various quotations of
pig iron, and partially manufactured and fin-
ished products, as well as minor metals, coal
and petroleum. The miscellaneous class em-
braces many grades of hard and soft lum-
ber, lath, brick, lime, glass, turpentine, hemp,
linseed oil. paints, fertilizers and drugs.
ANNALIST COMPUTATION.
The New York Annalist's "Curve in the
Cost of Living," or index number, which
shows the fluctuations in the average whole-
sale price of twenty-five food commodities
selected and arranged to represent a theoret-
ical family's food budget, indicated that
prices rose in the early part of January, 1919;
fell in the latter part of the month: rose
until May 1: declined to the end of June and
then rose until Aug. 1, when there was a
decline which was continuing when the rec-
ord closed Nov. 1. The index number pub-
lished Oct. 20. 1919. showed:
Base— averages 1890-99 = 100 per cent.
Weekly Averages.
Oct 18. 1919 277.028
Oct. 19. 1918 282.245
Oct. 20. 1917 280.205
Oct. 28. 1916 196.512
Yearly Averages.
1915 148.055
1914 146.069
1919* 298.619
1918 287.080
1917 261.796
1916 175.720
*To Oct. 18.
INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE BOARD
ESTIMATE.
The National Industrial Conference board in
Boston announced Aug. 8, 1919, that after a
feneral survey of conditions in the United
tates it had been found that the cost of liv-
ing for American wage earners was 71 per
cent higher in July, 1919, than at the out-
illustration of the price tendency in clothing
generally. Articles worn by women showed an
equal or even greater advance.
Article. 1914.
Suit $30.00
Shoes 6.50
Shirt 1.50
Undershirt 1.50
Drawers 1.50
Socks 50
Necktie 1.00
Hat, felt 3.50
Gloves 1.50
Collar
Handkerchief
Raincoat
.15
.25
15.00
Totals .. 62.90
1919.
$55.00
16.00
2.50
2 50
2.50
1.00
1.50
6.00
2.50
.25
.35
22.00
112.10
LABOR DEPARTMENT COMPUTATIONS^
The Monthly Labor Review published by the
department of labor in Washington, D. C., in
October, 1919, made public an estimate of the
change in the cost of living in the United
States from July, 1914, to June, 1919. Later
an estimate was made extending the compari-
son back to 1913. In July, 1914, retail
prices of food were 2 per cent higher than
the average for the year 1913.
Wholesale prices of commodities as a whole
in July, 1914, were at the same level as in
the year 1913. In the same period the whole-
1896 80.096 sale price of cloths and clothing decreased 1
1890 109.252 per cent: fuel and lighting. 6 per cent: and
I house furnishing goods. 1 per cent. It is
safe to assume therefore that there was no
increase in the retail price of articles of fam-
ily consumption other than food and that the
increase in the cost of living as a whole was
about 1 per cent.
Taking the increase in the cost of living be-
tween the year 1913 and the month of July,
1914, as 1 per cent and applying this figure
to the series of index numbers in the Octo-
148
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
ber Review, the following: index numbers re-
sult'
Average for 1913=100.
July 1914 101 June 1917 129
December 1914 103 December. 1917 142
June 1915 103 Tune 1918 158
December 1915 104 December. 1918 174
June 1916 110 June 1919 177
December 1916 118 Spring: 1919 175
Retail Prices of Food.
According- to the bureau of labor statistics
of the United States department of labor the
retail price of twenty-two of the main food
articles combined showed an increase during-
the six-year period July, 1913, to July, 1919,
of 92 per cent. The following- articles in-
creased 100 per cent or more; Ham, 101 per
cent; sug-ar, 102 per cent; bacon, 109 per
cent; pork chops, 114 per cent; corn meal,
117 per cent; flour, 127 per cent; potatoes,
153 per cent; lard, 164 per cent.
The following- table shows the averag-e re-
tail price of certain specified articles of food
on July 15 of 1913 and 1919 with the per-
centage of increase. The unit for each article
is one pound except where otherwise speci-
fied
1913. 1919. Pet.
Cts. Cts. inc.
Sirloin steak 26.5 43.4 + 64
Round steak 23.3 40.7 -f 75
Rib roast 20.1 33.5 + 67
tuck roast 164 27.7 + 69
ite beef 12.1 20.3 + 68
rk chops 21.6 46.2 4-114
con . . 27.8 58.1 +109
Ham . 28.2 567 +101
"Lamb .. . 19.7 38.2 + 94
Hens 21.7 42.0 + 94
Salmon (canned) 32.2
Milk, fresh, quart 8.8 15.0 + 70
Milk, evap., can . 15.9
Butter 34.7 62.8 + 81
Oleomargarine 41.9
Nut marg-arine 35.7
Cheese .. 21.9 43.0 + 96
r,ard 15.9 42.0 +164
Crisco . 38.9
56.6
8.7
10.0
7.5
6.5
+ 89
+ 79
+ 127
+ 117
rgs, fresh, doz 30.0
Tiolled oats
Bread 5.6
flour 3.3
Cornmeal 3.0
Corn flakes, 8-oz. pkg- 14.1
Cream of wheat, 25-oz.
pkg- 25.2
Macaroni 19.3
Rice 8.7 14.6 + 68
Beans, navy 12.1
Potatoes 1.9 4.8 +153
Onions 9.8
Cabbage 6.2
Beans, baked, No. 2 can 17 3
Corn, canned. No. 2 can 19.3
Peas, canned. No. 2 can 19.2
Tomatoes, No. 2 can 16.1
6ug-ar, granulated 5.4 10.9
Tea 54.4 70.5
Coffee 29.8 46.2
Prunes 26.5
Raisins 17.3
Bananas, doz 39.2
Orang-es, doz 53.4
Relative Retail Prices of Food.
The fpllowing table prepared by the bureau
of statistics of the department of labor.
Washing-ton. D. C., shows the relative retail
prices of food on July 15 of the years
specified. The -unit for each article is one
pound except where otherwise noted:
Article. '19. '13. '14. '15. '16. '17. '18,
Sirloin steak.. 171 104 106 105 113 129 166
Round steak... 183 104 109 107 116 137 180.
+ 102
+ 30
+ 55
Article. '19. '13. '14. '15. '16. '17. '18.
Rib roast 169 102 105 104 112 130 168
Chuck roast.. .173 103 106 103 112 137 182
Plate beef ...169 101 105 102 110 138 187
Pork chops ...220 103 106 100 111 151 180
Bacon 215 104 101 100 107 159 194
Ham 211 104 103 98 111 147 181
Lard 266 101 ^97
Hens 197 102 103
Eggs, doz 164 87 87
Butter 164 91 89
Cheese 195
Milk, qt 169
Bread
Flour
Cornmeal
Rice
Potatoes .
Sugar —
Tea
93 110 174 206
97 113 131 178
81 93 122 142
90 93 120 137
99 103 105 110 149 152
99 100 98 100 125 149
....175 100 110 126 124 176 174
....227 101 98 125 116 220 203
....217 98 103 108 108 195 223
....168 100 101 104 105 123 148
....282 110 155 85 134 246 229
....198 100 95 127 160 166 167
130 100 101 100 100 110 120
Coffee 155 100 100 101 100 103 101
Combined 190 100 102 100 111 146 167
Average Retail Prices of Food in Large Cities.
The following table shows the average re-
tail prices of food in New York city on the
Atlantic coast, in Chicago in the middle west
and in San Francisco on the Pacific coast, on
July 15. 1913 and i!919:
San
New York. Chicago. Francisco.
Article. '13. '19. '13. '19. '13. '19.
Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts.
Sirloin steak... 27.0 44.4 24.2 39.3 20.7 29.8
Round steak ...26.1 46.2 21.3 35.5 19.0 28.5
Rib roast 22.6 38.6 20.2 31.9 21.0 28.8
Chuck roast ....16.4 29.3 15.9 26.9 14.6 20.7
Plate beef 14.9 27.1 11.3 19.6 13.0 18.5
Pork chops ...22.6 47.5 20.4 41.7 23.2 46.1
Bacon 26.4 54.4 32.7 61.5 33.3 64.4
Ham 30.0 61.6 32.3 58.8 30.0 60.3
Hens 22.6 41.5 20.2 38.4 23.8 47.1
Milk '.. 9.0 16.0 8.0 14.0 10.0 14.0
Butter 34.4 61.3 32.3 57.1 36.4 64.7
Chuese 19.4 42.8 25.0 44.1 19.0 41.2
Lard 16.2 42.5 15.1 40.3 18.8 39.5
Eggs 35.9 66.4 25.3 53.2 31.4 56.6
Bread 6.4 10.0 6.1 10.0 5.9 10.0
Flour 3.3 7.8 2.9 7.2 3.4 7.6
Cornmeal 3.4 7.1 2.8 5.9 3.4 7.1
Rice 8.0 14.7 8.7 14.2 8.5 14.4
Potatoes 2.5 5.1 2.1 5.0 1.9 4.0
Sugar 4.9 10.0 5.1 10.9 5.4 10.2
Tea 43.3 57.0 53.3 63.9 50.0 58.3
Coffee 27.5 42.6 30.7 42.3 32.0 44.6
Percentage of Increase in Cost of Living.
The following table shows the percentage of
increase in the cost of living from December.
1914. to June, 1919, in New York city, Chi-
cago and San Francisco. The prices for 1914
are taken as a base:
New
Item.
Food 82.62
Clothing-— Male 126.39
Female 137.15
San Fran-
York. Chicag-o. cisco.
73.29 63.34
146.12 139.34
164.24 127.33
Total 131.25 157.07 134.64
Housing- 6.47 8.04 *3.48
Fuel, light 45.47 35.65 28.92
Furniture 126.51 126.94 116.56
Miscellaneous . .. 70.01 61.70 60.95
All items 77.28
*Decrease.
74.47 65.58
CAUSE OF HIGH PRICES.
Many theories as to the factors resulting:
in the phenomenal increase of the prices of
commodities were advanced in the course of
1919. Among them may be mentioned the
following-;
Excess of g-old and various instruments of
credit; in other words, inflation of the cur-
rency.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
149
Scarcity of commodities, or underproduction. I
Heavy increase of exports, especially of food-
stuffs and crude materials used in manufactur-
ing-.
Increase in wages and decrease in hours of
labor; multiplicity of strikes.
Waste during and after the period of the
war.
Profiteering-, intentional and unintentional;
hoarding-; manipulation by corporations.
Hig-h wages and salaries enabling- consumers
to pay high prices demanded and tending gen-
erally to encourage dealers to seek larger
profits.
REMEDIES PROPOSED.
Price fixing- or control by government in the
case of certain commodities like sugar, coal,
wheat, etc.
Stringent legislation against profiteering,
especially by large corporations; punishment
of hoarders and manipulators of markets.
Sale of government afmy supplies at cost
or less.
Public markets controlled by municipalities
and other local authorities.
Encouragement of increased production.
Closer co-operation and better relations be-
tween labor and capital.
Financial legislation to reduce inflation.
Careful buying and simpler living by indi-
viduals; prevention of waste and extrava-
gance.
ACTION BY THE GOVERNMENT.
In August, 1919, the government, recogniz-
ing that serious unrest was developing on ac-
count of the continued increase in the price
of the necessities of life, began a campaign
to combat the evil. The attorney-general of
the United States was instructed to enforce
strictly all existing laws again unlawful prof-
iteering, hoarding and manipulation; congress
was asked by President Wilson for laws en-
abling the executive department to deal more
effectively with the situation and, finally, as
a temporary expedient, the war department
was instructed to sel-l to the public at cost
price or less all the available army stores of
clothing, food and other supplies remaining
after demobilization.
These measures were effective to some extent
and, as shown by figures furnished by the
leading commercial agencies, the bureau of
labor statistics of the department of labor,
and the New York Annalist, wholesale prices
of commodities began to go down in Septem-
ber and October. The seizure of stocks of
sugar and other commodities illegally held
also had some effect. But possibly the main
factor in the decline was the sale to the pub-
lic of the government supplies through the
postoffice, private business houses and later in
stores operated by the government directly.
By this method many consumers were enabled
to buy articles of necessity at prices consider-
ably below those charged by dealers generally.
FOOD PRICES IN OTHER COUNTRIES.
According to a British ministry of labor re-
port issued in August, 19dL9, the percentage
of increase in retail food prices since July,
1914, in the countries named was:
Pet.
Country.
(Jnited States 80
United kingdom. ...104
France 148
Belgium 233
Italy 167
Portugal 151
Canada 81
Australia 35
Country. Pet.
New Zealand 42
South Africa 36
Norway 175
Sweden 234
Denmark 86
Holland 107
Switzerland 139
POSTMASTERS OF
Albany. N. Y.— William H. Murray.
Atlanta, Ga.— Boiling H. Jones.
Baltimore. Md. — Sherlock Swann.
Boston, Mass. — W. E. Hurley (acting) .
Bridgeport. Conn.— Charles F. Greene.
Buffalo. N. Y.— Charles F. Boine.
Camden. N. J.— Harry M. Knight.
Charleston. S. C.— Joseph M. Poulnot.
Chicago. 111.— William B. Carlile.
Cincinnati. O.— Joel C. Clore.
Cleveland. O.— William J. Murphy.
Columbus, O. — Samuel A. Kinnear.
Dayton, O.— Forrest L. May.
Denver. Col. — Benjamin F. Stapleton.
Des Moines, Iowa— G. A. Huffman.
Detroit. Mich.— William J. Nagel.
Duluth. Minn.— William F. Henry (acting)
Fall River. Mass.— James E. Hoar.
Fort Wayne. Ind.— Edward C. Miller.
Galveston. Tex.— E. R. Cheesborough.
Grand Rapids. Mich.-r^Jharles E. Hogadone.
Hartford, Conn. — David A. Wilson.
Indianapolis, Ind.— R. E. Springstein.
Jersey City. N. J.— Matt Ely.
Kansas City. Mo.— Bayless Steele.
Lincoln. Neb.— Samuel Hudson.
Los Angeles. Cal.— Harrington Brown.
Louisville. Ky.— E. T. Schmitt.
Lowell. Mass.— John F. Meehan.
Memphis. Tenn.— C. W. Metcalf.
Milwaukee. Wis.— Frank B. Schutz.
Minneapolis. Minn.— Edward A. Purdy.
Naahville. Tenn.— Eugene S. Shannon.*
LARGE CITIES (1919).
Newark, N. J.— John F. Sinnott (acting).
New Haven, Conn.— Philip Troup.
New Orleans. La. — Charles Janvier.
New York. N. Y.— Thomas W. Patten.
Omaha. Neb.— Charles E. Fanning.
Paterson, N. J.— James P. McNair.
Peoria. 111.— Claude U. Stone.
Philadelphia. Pa. — John A. Thornton.
Pittsburgh. Pa.— A. S. Guffey.
Portland. Me.— Oscar R. Wish.
Portland. Ore.— Frank S. Myers.
Providence. R. I.— Edward F. Carroll.
Reading, Pa.— Charles N. Seitzinger.
Richmond. Va.— Hay T. Thornton.
Rochester. N. Y.— George M. Staud.
St. Joseph. Mo. — Frank Freytag.
St. Louis. Mo.— Colin M. Selph.
St. Paul. Minn.— Otto N. Raths.
Salt Lake City. Utah— Noble Warrum.
San Antonio. Tex. — George D. Armistead.
San Francisco. Cal.— Charles W. Fay.
Seattle, Wash.— Edgar H. Battle.
Schenectady. N. Y. — Edward Clute.
tpringfield, 111.— James W. Patton.
yracuse. N. Y.— John J. Kesel.
Toledo. O.— George F. Parrish.
Trenton. N. J.— E. F. Hooper.
Troy. N. Y.— James H. Burns.
Washington. D. C. — Merritt O. Chance.
Wilmington, Del.— James J. English.
* Resigned. Successor not appointed up to
Oct. 15. 1919.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U. 8. A.
President— H. L. Ferguson. Newport News. Va.
General Secretary— Elliott H. Goodwin. Wash-
3D. C.
uarters— Riggs Bldg., Washington. D.
C.
Secretary Central District— John N. Van der
Vries. Chicago. HI.
Central District Office— 801 Otis Building. Chi-
Th-e Chamber of Commerce oi the United
States of America is a federation of trade and
commercial organizations of America.
150
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
COPYRIGHT LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES.
The act to amend and consolidate the acts re-
specting copyright, in force July 1, 1909, as
amended by the act approved Aug. 24, 1912, pro-
vides that any person entitled thereto, upon
complying with the provisions of the law, shall
have the exclusive right (a) to print, reprint,
publish, copy and vend the copyrighted work; (b)
to translate the copyrighted work or make any
other version of it if it be a literary wbrk; to
dramatize it if it be a noudramatic work; to
convert it into a novel or other nondramatic
work if it be a drama; to arrange or adapt it if
it be a musical work; to finish It if it be a
model or design for a work of art; (c) to deliver
or authorize the delivery of the copyrighted work
if it be a lecture, sermon, address or similar pro-
duction; (d) to perform the copyrighted work
publicly if it be a drama or, if it be a dramatic
work and not reproduced in copies for sale, to
vend the manuscript or any record thereof; to
make or to procure the making of any transcrip-
tion or record thereof by which it may in any
manner be exhibited, performed or produced, and
to exhibit, perform or produce it in any manner
whatsoever; (e) to perform the copyrighted work
publicly for profit if it be a musical composition
and for the purpose of public performance for
profit and to make any arrangement or setting of
it in 'any system of notation or any form of
record in which the thought of an author may
bo read or reproduced.
So far as it secures copyright controlling the
parts of instruments serving to reproduce me-
chanically the musical work the law includes
only compositions published after the act went
Into effect; it does not include the works of a
foreign author or composer unless the country of
which he Is a citizen or subject grants similar
rights to American citizens. Whenever the owner
of a musical copyright has used or permitted the
use of the copyrighted work upon the part of in-
struments serving to reproduce mechanically the
musical work, any other person may make a sim-
ilar use of the work upon the payment to the
owner of a royalty of 2 cents on each such part
manufactured. The reproduction or rendition of
a musical composition by or upon coin-operated
machines shall not be deemed a public perform-
ance for profit unless a fee is charged for ad-
mission to the place where the reproduction
occurs.
The works for which copyright may be secured
include all the writings of an author.
The application for registration shall specify
to which of the following classes the work in
which copyright is claimed belongs:
(a) Books, including composite and cyclopedic
works, directories, gazetteers and other compila-
tions.
(b) Periodicals, including newspapers.
(c) Lectures, sermons, addresses, prepared for
oral delivery.
(d) Dramatic or dramatic-musical compositions.
(e) Musical compositions.
(f) Maps.
(g) Works of art ; models or designs for works
of art.
(h> Reproductions of a work of art.
(i) Drawings or plastic works of a scientific
or technical character,
(j) Photographs.
(k) Prints and pictorial illustrations.
(1) Motion picture photo plays.
S) Motion pictures other than photo plays,
ese specifications do not, however, limit the
subject matter of copyright as defined in the law
nor does any error in classification invalidate the
copyright protection secured.
Copyright extends to the work of a foreign
author or proprietor only in case he is domiciled
In the United States at the time of the first pub-
lication of his work or if the country of which
he is a citizen grants similar copyright protec-
tion to citizens of the United States.
Any person entitled thereto by the law may
secure copyright for his work by publication
thereof with the notice of copyright required by
the act. and such notice shall be affixed to each
y published or offered for sale in the United
States. Such person may obtain registration of
his claim to copyright by complying with the
provisions of the act, including the deposit of
copies, whereupon the register of copyrights shall
issue to him a certificate as provided for in the
law. Copyright may also be had of the works of
an author of which copies are not reproduced foi
sale by the deposit with claim of copvright of
one complete copy, if it be a lecture or similar
production, or a dramatic or musical composi-
tion; of a title and description, with one print
taken from each scene or act. if the work be a
motion picture photo play; of a photographic
print if it be a photograph; of a title and de-
scription, with not less than two prints taken
fi-om different sections of a complete motion pic-
ture, if the work be a motion picture other than
a photo play, or of a photograph or other iden-
tifying reproduction thereof if it be a work
of art or a plastic work or drawing.
After copyright has been secured there must
be deposited in the copyright otfice in Washing-
ton, D. C., two complete copies of the best edi-
tion thereof, which copies, If the work be a book
or periodical, shall have been produced in ac-
cordance with the manufacturing provisions of
the act, or if such work be a contribution to a
periodical for which contribution special regis-
tration is requested one copy of the issue or
issues containing such contribution. Failure to
deposit the copies within a given time after
notice from the register of copyrights makes the
proprietor of the copyright liable to a fine of
$100 and twice the retail price of the work, and
the copyright becomes void.
The text of all books and periodicals specified
in paragraphs (a) and (b) above, except the orig-
inal text of a book of foreign origin in a lan-
guage other than English, must in order to secure
protection be printed from type set within the
limits of the United States, either by hand, ma-
chinery or other process, and the printing of the
text and the binding of the books must also be
done within the United States. An affidavit of
such manufacture is required.
The notice of copyright required consists either
of the word "copyright" or the abbreviation
"copr.," accompanied by the name of the copy-
right proprietor, and if the work be a printed
literary, musical or dramatic work, the notice
must also include the year in which the copy-
right was secured by publication. In the case,
however, of copies of works specified in para-
graphs (f) to (k) inclusive (given above) the no-
tice may consist of the letter C inclosed within
a circle, accompanied by the initials, monogram,
mark or symbol of the copyright proprietor, pro-
vided his name appears elsewhere on the copies.
In the case of, a book or other printed publica-
tion the notice shall be applied on the title page
or on the page immediately following, or if a
periodical either upon the title page or upon the
first page of text of each separate number or un-
der the title heading; or if a musical work upon
its title page or the first page of music.
Whore the copyright proprietor has sought to
comply with the law with respect to notice, the
omission of such notice by mistake from a par-
ticular copy or copies shall not invalidate the
copyright or prevent recovery for infringement
against any person who, after actual notice of
the copyright, begins an undertaking to infringe
it, but shall prevent the recovery of damages
against an innocent infringer who 'has been mis-
led by the omission of the notice.
In the case of a book in English published
abroad before publication in this country, the
deposit in the copyright ofiice within thirty days
of one copy of the foreign edition, with a re-
quest for the reservation of the copyright, se-
cures for the author or owner an ad interim
copyright for thirty days after such deposit ia
made.
The copyright secured by the act endures for
twenty-eight years from the date of the first
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
151
publication. In the case of any posthumous
work, periodical, encyclopedic or other composite
work upon which the copyright was originally
secured by the proprietor tuereof, or of any work
copyrighted by a corporate body, or by an em-
ployer for whom such work is made for hire, the
proprietor of such copyright shall be entitled to
a renewal of the copyright in such work for the
further term of twenty-eight years when appli-
cation 'for such renewal shall have been made
within one year prior to the expiration of the
original term. In the case of any other copy-
righted work, including a contribution by an in-
dividual author to a periodical or to a cyclopedic
or other composite work when such contribution
has been separately copyrighted, the author of
such work, if living, or the heirs, executors or
next of kin, if the author be dead, shall be en-
titled to a renewal of the copyright for a fur-
ther term of twenty-eight years. In default of
such application for renewal the copyright in
any work shall end at the expiration of twenty-
eight years
If any person shall infringe the copyright in
any work protected under the copyright laws of
the United States, such person shall be liable:
(a) To an injunction restraining such infringe-
ment.
(b) To pay to the copyright proprietor such
damages as the copyright proprietor may have
suffered due to the infringement, as well as all
the profits which the infriuger shall have made
from such infringement, and in proving profits
the plaintiff shall be required to prove sales only
and the defendant shall be required to prove
every element of cost which he claims, or in
lieu of actual damages or profits such damages
as to the court shall appear to be just, and in
assessing such damages the court may, in its
discretion, allow the amounts as hereinafter
stated (in numbered paragraphs), but in the case
of a newspaper reproduction of a copyrighted
photograph such damages shall not exceed the
sum of $200 nor be less than $50, and such dam-
ages shall in no other case exceed the sum of
$250 and shall not be regarded as a penalty. In
the case of the infringement of an undramatized
or noudramatic work by means of motion pic-
tures, where the infringer shows that he was
not aware that he was infringing, the damages
shall not exceed $100; in the case of the in-
fringement under like circumstances of a copy-
righted dramatic or dramatico-musical work the
entire sum recoverable shall not exceed $5,000
nor be less than $250.
1. In the case of a painting, statue or sculp-
ture, $10 for every infringing copy made or sold
by or found in the possession of the infringer or
his agents or employes.
2. In the case of any work enumerated in the
list (given above) of works for which copyright
may be asked, except a painting, statue or sculp-
ture, $l for every infringing copy.
3. In the case of a lecture, sermon or address,
$50 for every infringing delivery.
4. In the case of dramatic or dramatico-musi-
cal or a choral or orchestral composition, $100 for
the first and $50 for every subsequent infringing
performance; in the case of other musical com
positions, $10 for every infringing performance.
(c) To deliver up on oath all articles alleged
to infringe a copyright.
(d) To deliver up on oath for destruction all
the infringing copies or devices, as well as all
plates, molds, matrices or other means for mak-
ing such infringing copies, as the court may
order.
(e) Whenever the owner of a musical copy-
right has used or permitted the use of the copy-
righted work upon the parts of musical instru-
ments serving to reproduce mechanically the
musical work, then in case of infringement by
tho unauthorized manufacture, use or sale of in-
terchangeable parts, such as disks, rolls, bands
or cylinders for use in mechanical music-produc-
ing machines, no criminal action shall* be
brought, but in a civil action an injunction may
be granted upon such terms as the court may
impose and the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-
cover in lieu of profits and damages a royalty
as provided in the act.
Any person who shall willfully and for profit
nfriuge any copyright, or willfully aid or abet
such Infringement, shall be deemed guilty of a
lisdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall
be punished by imprisonment for not exceeding
one year or by a tine of not less than $100 nor
more than $1,000, or both, in the discretion of
the court. It is provided, however, that nothing
in the act shall prevent the performance of re-
ligious or secular works, such as oratorios, can-
tatas, masses or octavo choruses by public
schools, church choirs or vocal societies, pro-
vided the performance is for charitable or edu-
cational purposes and not for profit.
Any person who shall fraudulently place a
copyright notice upon any uucopyrighted article,
or shall fraudulently remove or alter the notice
upon any copyrighted article, shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to
a tine of not less than $100 nor more than $1,000.
Any person who shall knowingly sell or issue any
article bearing a notice of United States copy-
right which has not been copyrighted in this
country, or who shall knowingly import any arti-
cle bearing such notice, shall be liable to a fine
of $100.
During the existence of the American copyright
in any book the importation of any piratical
copies thereof or of any copies not produced in
accordance with the manufacturing provisions of
the copyright law, or of any plates of the same
not made from tvpe set in this countrv, or any
copies produced by lithographic or photo-engrav-
ing process not performed within the United
States, is prohibited. Kxcept as to piratical
copies this does not apply:
(a) lia works in raised characters for the
blind;
(b) To a foreign newspaper or magazine, al-
though containing matter copyrighted in the
United States printed or reprinted by authority
of the copyright owner, unless such newspaper or
magazine contains also copyright matter printed
without such authorization;
(c) To the authorized edition of a book in a
foreign language of which only a translation into
English has been copyrighted in this country;
(d) To any book published abroad with the au-
thorization of the author or copyright proprietor
under the following circumstances:
1. When imported, not more than one copy at
a time, for individual use and not for sale, but
such privilege of importation shall not extend to
a foreign reprint of a book by an American
author copyrighted in the United States;
2. When imported by or for the use of the
United States;
3. When imported for use and not for sale,
not more than one copy of any such book in any
one invoice, in good faith, by or for any society
or institution incorporated for educational, lit-
erary, philosophical, scientific or religious pur-
poses, or for the encouragement of the fine arts,
or for any college, academy, school or seminary
of learning, or for any state school, college, uni-
versity or free public library in the United
States;
4. When such books form parts of libraries or
collections purchased en bloc for the use of so-
cieties, institutions or libraries, or form parts of
the library or personal baggage belonging to per-
sons or families arriving from foreign countries
and are not intended for sale.
No criminal actions shall be maintained under
the copyright law unless the same be begun
within thr2e years after the cause of action
arose.
Copyright may be assigned, mortgaged or be-
queathed by will.
There shall be appointed by the librarian of
congress a register of copyrights at a salary of
$4,000 a year and an assistant register at $3,000
a year.
These with their subordinate assistants shall
perform all the duties relating to the registration
of copyrights. The register of copyrights shall
keep such record books in the copyright office as
152
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB. 1920.
are required to carry out the provisions of the
law, and whenever deposit has been made in the
copyright office of a copy of any work under the
provisions of the act he snail make entry thereof.
In the case of each entry the person recorded
as the claimant of the copyright shall be en-
titled to a certificate of registration under seal
of the copyright office.
The register of copyrights shall receive and the
persons to whom the services designated are ren-
dered shall pay the following fees: For the reg-
istration of any work subject to copyright. $1.
which sum is to include a certificate of registra-
tion under seal: Provided, That in the case of
photographs the fee shall be 50 cents where a
certificate is not demanded. For every additional
certificate of registration made, 50 cents. For
recording and certifying any instrument of writ-
ing for the assignment of copyright or license,
or for any copy of such certificate or license,
duly certified, if not over 300 words in length.
$1; If more than 300 and less than 1,000. $2: if
more than 1,000 words in length, $1 additional
APPLICATIONS
[Condensed from rules of practice
Business with the patent office should be
transacted in writing. All office letters must
be sent in the name of the "commissioner of
patents." On the propriety of making an ap-
plication for a patent the inventor must judge
for himself. The office is open to him and its
records and models may be inspected either
by himself or by any attorney or expert he may
call to his aid. Pending applications are pre-
served in secrecy, but after a patent has issued
the model, specification, drawings and all docu-
ments relating to the case are subject to general
inspection, and copies, except of the model, are
furnished at rates specified hereinafter.
An applicant may prosecute his own case, but
he is advised, unless familiar with such mat-
ters, to employ a competent patent attorney, as
the value of patents depends largely upon the
skillful preparation of the specification and
claims.
A patent may be obtained by any person who
has invented or discovered any new and useful
art. machine, manufacture or composition of
matter, or any new and useful improvement
thereof, not known or used by others in this
country before his invention or discovery thereof,
and not patented or described in any printed
publication in this or any foreign country before
his invention or discovery thereof, or more than
two years prior to his application, and not
patented in a country foreign to the United
States, on an application filed by him or his
legal representatives or assigns more than twelve
months before his application, and not in public
nse or on sale in the United States for more
than two years prior to his application, unless
the same is proved to have been abandoned, upon
payment of the fees required by law and other
due proceedings had.
In the case of the death of the inventor, the
application will be made by and the patent issue
to his executor or administrator.
Applications for patents must be made to the
commissioner of patents and must be signed by
the inventor or in case of his death by his
executor or administrator. A complete applica-
tion comprises the first fee of $15, a petition,
specification and oath, all of which must be in
the English language, and drawings when re-
quired. Papers for permanent record must be
legibly written or printed in permanent ink.
The application must be completed and prepared
for examination within one year. The petition
must be addressed to the commissioner of pat-
ents and must state the name, residence and
postoffice address of the petitioner, designate by
title the invention sought to be patented, con-
tain a reference to the specification for a full
lisclosure of such invention and must be signed
by the inventor.
for each 1.000 words or fraction thereof over 300
words. For recording the notice of user or ac-
quiescence specified in the act, 25 cents for each
notice of not over fifty words and an additional
25 cents for each additional 100 words. For com
paring any copy of an assignment with the rec-
ord of such document in the copyright office and
certifying the same under seal, $1. For record-
ing the extension or renewal of copyright, 5»
cents. For recording the transfer of the pro-
prietorship of copyrighted articles. 10 cents for
each title of a book or other article in addition
to the fee for recording the instrument of as-
signment. For any requested search of copyright
office records, indexes or deposits, 50 cents for
each full hour consumed In making such search.
Only one registration at one fee shall be required
in the case of several volumes of the same book
deposited at the same time.
For copyright blanks and additional informa-
tion as to copyright regulations address the reg-
ister of copyrights, library of congress. Wash-
ington. D. C.
FOB PATENTS.
in the United States patent office.]
The specification is a written description o*
the invention or discovery and of the manner
and process of making, constructing, compound-
ing and using the same, and is required to be
in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as
to enable any person skilled in the art or science
to which the invention or discovery appertains,
or with which it is most nearly connected, to
make, construct, compound and use the same.
In case of a mere improvement the specification
must particularly point out the parts to which
the improvement relates, distinguishing clearly
between what is old and what Is claimed as new.
The following order of arrangement should be
observed in framing the specification: (a) Pre-
amble stating the name and residence of the
applicant and the title of the invention. (b)
General statement of the object and nature of
the invention, (c) Brief description of the sev-
eral views of the drawing (if the invention ad-
mit of such illustration), (d) Detailed descrip-
tion, (e) Claim or claims. (f) Signature of
applicant.
Two or more independent inventions cannot be
claimed in one application ; but where several
distinct inventions are dependent upon each other
and mutually contribute to produce a single re-
sult they may be claimed in one application.
The applicant, if the inventor, must make oath
or affirmation that he does verily believe him-
self to be the original and first inventor or
discoverer of the art. machine, manufacture,
composition or improvement for which he solicits
a, patent; that he does not know and does not
believe that the same was ever known or used
before his invention or discovery thereof, and
shall state of what country he is a citizen and
where he resides and whether he is a sole or
joint inventor of the invention claimed in his
application. In every original application the
applicant must distinctly state under oath that
to the best of his knowledge and belief the in-
vention has not been in public use or on sale
in the United States for more than two years
prior to his application or patented or described
in any printed publication in any country before
his invention or more than two years prior to
his application, or patented in any foreign coun-
try on an application filed by himself or his
legal representatives or assigns more than
twelve months prior to his application in this
country. If any application for patent has been
filed in any foreign country by the applicant in
this country, or by his legal representatives or
assigns, prior to his application in this country,
he shall state the country or countries in which
such application has been filed, giving the date
of such application, and shall also state that
no application has been filed in any other coun-
try or countries than those mentioned, and if
no application for patent has been filed in any
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
163
foreign country he shall so state. This oath
most be subscribed to by the affiant.
The oath or affirmation may be made before
any person within the TTnited States authorized
by law to administer ou.ns, or, when the appli-
cant resides in a foreign country, before any
minister, charge d'affaires, consul or commercial
agent of the United States, or by any official
authorized to administer oaths in the country
in which the applicant may be.
Drawings must be made upon pure white paper
of a thickness corresponding to a two-sheet
or three-sheet Bristol board. The surface of
the paper must be calendered and smooth. India
ink alone must be used to secure perfectly black
and solid lines. The size of the sheet on which
a drawing is made must be exactly ten by
fifteen inches. One inch from its edges a single
marginal line is to be drawn, leaving the
"sight" precisely eight by thirteen inches. With-
in this margin all work and signatures must be
included.
A model will be required or admitted as a part
of the application only when on examination
of the case in its regular order the primary
examiner shall find it to be necessary or useful.
A design patent may be obtained by any per-
son who has invented any new, original and
ornamental design for an article of manufacture,
not known or used by others in this country
before his invention thereof, and not patented
or described in any printed publication in this
or any foreign country before his invention
thereof, or more than two years prior to his
application, and not caused to be patented by
him in a foreign country on an application filed
more than four months before his application in
this country and not in public use or on sale
In this country for more than two years prior
to his application, unless the same is proved
to have been abandoned, upon payment of the
fees required by law and other due proceed-
ings had, the same as in cases of inventions or
discoveries.
Patents for designs are granted for three and
one-half years, seven years or fourteen years
as the applicant may elect. The proceedings
in applications for patents for designs are sub-
stantially the same as in applications for other
patents. The design must be represented by a
drawing made to conform to the rules laid
down for drawings of mechanical inventions.
A reissue is granted when the original pat-
ent is inoperative or invalid by reason of a de-
fective or insufficient specification, or by reason
of the patentee claiming as his invention or
discovery more than he had a right to claim
as new. provided the error has arisen through
accident or mistake.
[For rules as to interferences, reconsideration
of cases, appeals, hearings, motions, testimony,
briefs and other technical or legal data, in-
ventors are referred to the "rules of practice,"
which may be obtained free from the United
States patent office.]
Every patent shall issue within a period of
three months from the date of the payment of
the final fee. A patent will not be antedated.
Every patent will contain a short title of the
invention or discovery indicating its nature and
object, and a grant to the patentee, his heirs
and assigns, for the term of seventeen years,
of the exclusive right to vend the invention or
discovery throughout the United States and its
territories.
Fees are payable in advance. Following IB
the schedule of fees and prices:
On filing each original application $15.00
On issuing each original patent 20.00
In design cases— For 3 years and 6 months. 10.00
For 7 years 15.00
For 14 years 30.00
On every application for reissue 30.00
On filing each disclaimer 10.00
On appeal from the primary examiner 10.00
On appeal from examiners in chief to com-
missioner 20.00
For certified copies of patents if in print—
For specification and drawing, per copy.. .05
For the certificate 25
For the grant &•
For certifying to a duplicate of a model. .60
For manuscript copies of records, for every
100 words or fraction thereof W
If certified, for the certificate additional. .25
For 20-coupon orders 1-00
For 100 coupons in stub book 5.00
For uncertified copies of specifications, etc. .05
For drawings, if in print 0&
For copies of drawings not in print, the
reasonable cost of making them.
For photo prints of drawings, for each
sheet of drawings— Size 10x15 in., per copy .25
Size 8x12% inches, per copy 15
For recording documents of 300 words or
under 1-00
Of over 300 and under 1.000 words 2.00
For each additional 1.000 words or frac-
tion thereof 1-00
For abstracts of title to patents or in-
ventions—For the search, one hour or less,
and certificate 1-00
Each additional hour or fraction thereof. .50
For each brief from digest of assign-
ments. 200 words or less 20
Each additional 100 words or fraction
thereof 10
For searching titles or records, one hour or
less 50
Each additional hour or fraction thereof. .50
For assistance to attorneys, 1 hour or loss 1.00
Each additional hour or fraction thereof. 1.00
For copies of matter in any foreign lan-
guage for every 100 words or a fraction
thereof •• 10
For translation, for every 100 words or
fraction thereof •£>
For Official Gazette, per year 5.00
PATENT OFFICE STATISTICS.
Yr. Applications.Issues.
1905 54.971
1906 56,482
1907 57,679
1908 60.142
1909 64.408
1910 63.293
1911 67,370
30.399
31.965
36,620
33.682
37.421
35.930
34.084
Yr. Applications. Issues.
1912 70.976
1913 70,367
1914 70,464
1915 70.069
1916 71,033
1917 70.373
37,731
35,788
41,850
44,934
45,927
42.76t
1918 60.616 39.941
REGISTRATION OF TRADE-MARKS.
Under the law passed by congress Feb. 20. 1905,
and effective April 1, 1905, citizens of the United
States, or foreigners living in countries affording
Bimilar privileges to citizens of the United
States, may obtain registration of trade-marks
used in commerce with foreign nations, or among
the several states, or with Indian tribes, by
complying with the following requirements:
First, by filing in the patent office an applica-
tion therefor in writing, addressed to the com-
missioner of patents, signed by the applicant,
specifying his name, domicile, location and cit-
izenship; the class of merchandise and the par-
ticular description of goods comprised in such
class to which the trade-mark is appropriated;
a statement of the mode in which the same Is
applied and affixed to goods, and the length of
time during which the trade-mark has been
used. With this statement shall be filed a
drawing of the trade-mark, signed by the appli-
cant or his attorney, and such number of speci-
mens of the trade-mark as may be required by
the commissioner of patents. Second, by paying
into the treasury of the United States the snm
of $10 and otherwise complying with the require-
ments of the law and such regulations as may
be prescribed by the commissioner of patents.
The application must be accompanied by a
written declaration to the effect that the applicant
believes himself to be the owner of the trade-
154
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
mark sought to be registered and that no other
person or corporation has the right to use it;
that such trade-mark is in use and that the de-
scription and drawing presented are correct.
Trade-marks consisting of or comprising immoral
or scandalous matter, the coat of arms, flag or
other insignia of the United States or of any
state 9f foreign nation cannot be registered.
Fees for renewal of trade-marks and for filing
opposition to registration are $10 each; tor ap-
peals from examiners to the commissioner of
patents. $15 each.
Further information may be had by applying to
the commissioner of patents, Washington, D. C.
TRADE-MARKS ISSUED.
1913 5,065
1914 6,817
1915 6,292
1916 6,791
1917 5 r^9
1918 4,061
EARTHQUAKES AND ERUPTIONS IN RECENT TIMES.
ST. PIERRE, MARTINIQUE
(Eruption of Mont Pelee.)
Date— May 8. 1902.
Lives lost— 30.000.
Property destroyed — Not estimated.
MOUNT VESUVIUS.
(Eruption.)
Date— April 8-11. 1906.
Lives lost— About 200.
Towns suffering damage— Torre del Greco. Torre
Annunziata. Boscotrecase. Ottajano, San <riu-
seppe. Portici. Caserta. Nola and San Giorgio.
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL.
(Earthquake and fire.)
Date— April 18. 1906.
Lives lost— 452.
Persons injured— 1.500.
Persons made homeless — 265, OOO.
Property loss-$350.000.000 (estimated).
Buildings destroyed— 6.000.
Blocks burned — 453.
Area of burned district— 3.96 square miles.
Relief by congress— 82.500.000
Relief subscription— $11,000.000.
VALPARAISO. CHILE.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Aug. 16, 1906.
Lives lost— 1.500.
Property loss— $100.000.000.
KINGSTON. JAMAICA.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Jan. 14, 1907.
Lives lost— 1.100.
Persons injured— 2,000.
Property loss— $25.000,000.
Buildings destroyed— 6.000.
Area of ruined district— 50 acres.
Area affected— 300 acres.
Duration of first shock— 38 seconds.
Duration of fire — 40 hours.
SICILY AND CALABRIA.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Dec. 28. 1908.
Day of week— Monday.
Hour— 5:23 a. m.
Duration— 35 seconds.
Lives lost— 76.483.
Persons injured— 95.470.
Persons homeless— 1,100,000.
Property destroyed— Not estimated.
Region affected — Northeastern Sicily and south-
western Calabria.
Chief cities and towns destroyed or damaged
—In Sicily : Messina, Faro, Santa Teresa, Scal-
leta. In Calabria: Reggio, Gallico, San Gio-
vanni San Eufemia, Pellaro, Palmi. Canni-
tello.
CARTAGO. COSTA RICA.
(Earthquake.)
Date— May 5. 1910.
Hour — 7 p. m.
Lives lost— 1.500.
TURKEY.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Aug. 9, 1912.
Lives lost— 3,000.
Persons injured — 6,000.
Persons homeless — 10.000.
SAKURA, JAPAN.
(Eruption and earthquakes.)
Date— Jan. 12, 1914.
Lives lost — 43.
Houses destroyed— 855.
Persons made destitute — 20.000.
Property loss— Not estimated.
SICILY.
(Earthquake.)
Date— May 8-9. 1914.
Lives lost — 200.
Persons injured — 1,000.
CENTRAL ITALY.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Jan. 13, 1915.
Hour — 7:55 a. m.
Duration — 30 seconds.
Lives lost — 29.978.
Provinces affected — Aquila. Caserta and Rome.
Communes damaged — 372.
Largest city destroyed— A vezzano.
GUATEMALA CITY.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Dec. 24-31, 1917.
Began— 11 p. m., Dec. 24.
Duration — One week.
Lives lost— 2,500.
Property loss— Not estimated.
JAVA.
(Eruption volcano Kalut.)
Date— May 20. 1919.
Place— Brengat and Blitar districts.
Villages destroyed — 31.
Lives lost— 5,100.
MUGELLO VALLEY, ITALY.
(Earthquake.)
Date— June 29. 1919.
Lives lost— 100.
Towns damaged— Vicchio. Dorgo San Lorenzo.
Tirli, Firenzaloa, Rapezzo, Casanuova. Ri-
fredo, Moscheta. Marradi. San Piero, Sieve.
Vaglia. Mcntorsoli, Dioomano. Covelia and
Lubiana.
City. No. hogs.
Chicago 2,895,846
Cincinnati 233.409
Indianapolis 534.559
Kansas City 1.044.898
Milwaukee (including Cudahy) . 491.004
South Omaha 805.675
St. Louis... ...1.060.902
PORK PACKING STATISTICS.
Season from Nov. 1 to March 1.
1917-18. 1916-17. 1915-16. 1914-15.
No. hogs. No. hogs. No. hogs.
3,339.072 3,623.682 2.871.328
268.366 283.584 225.673
732.416 762.824 684.247
1,137,394 1,234.916 1,100.581
550 021 688.905 765.820
964,173 952.746 789.423
1.105.887 1.249.145 771.990
1913-14.
No. hogs.
2.349,614
187.547
519.188
991.624
513.556
814.451
720,368
1912-13.
No. hogs.
2.364.363
212.072
571.773
1.099,985
513.637
809.443
890,850
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
155
MONEY ANI
WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND
SILVER IN 1917.
> FINANCE.
Silver
Calendar years. Gold. (coining value).
1811 — 1820 876 063 000 $°24 786 000
[From report of the director of the mint.]
1821—1830... 94.479,000 191,444000
Figures are for calendar year.
1831—1840 134841000 247930000
Country. Gold. Silver.
United States $83, 750, 700 $64,225,593
1841—1850 363.928,000 324,400,000
1851 — 1855 662 566 000 184 169 000
Canada 15.200.000 19,830,683
Mexico 9,000.000 27,944,333
1856—1860 670.415.000 188,092,000
1861 — 1865 614944000 228861000
Cent. American states 3 122,000 2,121,295
1866—1870 648.071.000 278313000
Argentina 4,600 25,292
1871—1875 577883000 409332000
Bolivia .. 5.000 2,180,113
1876—1880 572.931.000 509256*000
Brazil . 2,5°8.000 22,831
1881—1885 495.582000 594773000
Chile 310 000 1 497,037
1886 — 1890 564474000 704074000
Colombia 6 300 000 290,956
1891—1895 814.736.000 1 018'708'000
Ecuador 710.000 40,286
1896—1900 1 286.505.400 1.071.148.400
Peru 1 300 000 9 847 750
1901—1905 1,610.309.700 1 066 848 300
Uruguay 10000 ....
1906 402.503.000 213403600
Guiana British 600 000
1907 412966000 238166600
Dutch 4(1(1 UOO 7 16°
1908 443 006 °00 °62 634 500
1909 . . 454 059 100 274 °93 700
Vene/uela 637 000 2 955
1910 455259800 286652300
1911 461939700 292451*500
1912 ... 466 136 100 261 40° 300
1913 4C9 941 100 289497000
1Q14 439 078 °60 °07 678 038
Greece 313,337
1915 468.724.913 231*241*050
Italy 2.000 402,863
Norway 252.461
Russia 18,000.000 447.625
1917 423.590.200 212,030*965
Serbia 17.905
Spain 4,028,625
Sweden 10 000 31,334
PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY
Turkey 358,100
STATES AND TERRITORIES
New South Wales 1,698.400 2.506,700
Northern Territory 8000
[From report of the director of *he mint.]
Queensland 3.623.300
South Australia 103 200 214 860
Calendar years.
Gold
Victoria 4,119.700
Western Australia.... 20.130.800 25.962
State. 1917. 1918.
Alaska $14 671 400 $9108500
New Zealand 5,787.200 198,567
Arizona .... 5 180 600 5*760'°00
Tasmania 290.000 698,295
California °0 9°9 400 17*°07'000
Papua . 184900
Colorado 15 974*500 l'-''853'500
British India 10756.800 537,150
Georgia fi ^OO V*\nn
China 3600100 56759
Chosen 4444.000 25,067
Montana 3 673 °00 3 170 000
FederatedMalay States 342 300
Formosa (Taiwan)... 1,033.000 44,763
Indo-China 50 000 895
New Mexico. 1,085.400 638^00
Japan 4562200 6127538
Africa —
South' Carolina 1.700
Egypt 65,800 806
South Dakota 7,372,900 6,786 700
Texas 100 'lOO
French East Africa 31,000
Utah 3 522 100 3 14° ^00
Madagascar 950.900 17,095
Washington . 488 °00 342*300
Port. E. Africa.... 248.600 1.074
Rhodesia 17,245.000 189,793
Transvaal Cape Col-
Wyoming 8.70V '400
Philippine islands.. . 1.446.100 913700
Other . . 9 500 7 500
ony and Natal. ..186. 503.400 850.488
West Africa 7445 600
Total valup 83 750 700 68 493 500
Total 4°3 590 °00 146 814 465
WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND
Silver (Commercial Value).
State. 1917. 1918.
Alaska .. . $994100 $796836
SILVER SINCE 1492.
Arizona 5 733 400 6 77l'490
[From report of director of the mint, 1918.3
California 1 735*°00 1*555*417
Silver
Colorado ^ 6.004*500 6*98" 313
Idaho 9 390 000 10 188 056
149° 15°0 $107 931 000 $54 703 000
Michigan ... 563*400 '491*939
1521 1544 114 205 000 98 986 000
Montana 11986100 15341793
1545 1560 90 49° 000 °07 °40 000
Nevada 9237700 10113405
1561 — 1580 90 917 000 248 990 000
New Mexico 1264*700 '763*758
1581 1600 98 095 000 348 °54 000
North Carolina. 500 9
1601 16°0 113 °48 000 351 579 000
Oregon 141800 150207
1621—1640... . 110.324.000 327.221.000
1641 — 1660 116 571 000 304 5°5 000
South Dakota 156.800 165,865
Texas 484 °00 61° 436
1661 1680 1°3 048 000 °80 166 000
Utah 11 00° 700 13 439 811
1681 — 1700 143 088 000 284 °40 000
Washington 219100 302446
1701 — 17°0 170 403 000 °95 6°9 000
Wyoming 2 FOO 719
1721—1740 253.611.000 358.480.000
1741 — 1760 327161000 443 °32 000
Philippines 10.500 12,597
Other 150600 190109
1761 — 1780 275 °11 000 54° 658 000
1781 — 1800 °36 464 000 730 810 000
Tctal 50 078 ^ 00 67 879 206
1801—1810... . 118.152.000 371*677.000
Tot'l fine oz. (troy) 71.740.362
156
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR" 1920.
MONEY OF THE WORLD (DEC. 31. 1915).
Monetary systems and approximate stocks of money in the principal countries of the world
as reported by the director of the mint. No table for 1916 or 1917 prepared because of lack
Of sufficient data. Monetary Uncovered , Per capita
Country.
standard.
Monetary unit.
Gold.*
Silver.*
papor.*
Gold.Silver.
Paper. Tot.
United States
Gold...
Dollar
$2,299.454
$756,011
$965.039
$22.64
$7.44
$9.50
$39.58
Australia
Gold...
Pound sterling
249.527
10.000
41.41
1.66
43.07
Canada
Gold...
Dollar
170.560
2.835
134,233
21.12
.35
16.62
38.09
Ceylon
Gold...
Rupee
1,140
4,780
3,793
4.56
19.12
15.17
38.85
United kingdom...
Gold...
Pound sterling
661,944
204.393
451,013
14.26
4.40
9.72
28.38
India
Gold...
Pound sterling and
rupee
42.412
112.194
45.416
.13
.36
.14
.63
South Africa
...Gold...
Pound sterling
32.572
2.601
13.434
5.08
.41
2.09
7.58
Straits Settlement
Gold...
Dollar
1,665
10,792
13.827
2.22
14.39
18.44
35.05
Bulgaria
Gold...
Lev
19.569
11.580
59,368
4.16
2.46
12.63
19.25
Chosen (Korea)...
Gold...
Yen
1.256
3.326
16,027
.08
.21
1.03
1.32
Denmark
Gold...
Crown
31.168
12.854
28,435
10.67
4.41
9.74
24.82
Egypt
Gold...
Piaster
22.832
21,634
21,827
1.79
1.70
1.71
5.20
France
Gold...
Franc
1,384.125
411,090
1.502.511
34.86
10.35
37.85
83 06
Germany
Gold...
Mark
714.073
7,806
758.952
10.53
.12
11.19
21.84
Greece
Gold...
Drachma
11.518
65
14.034
2.23
2.72
4.95
Italy
Gold...
Lira
335.689
46,568
616.813
9.06
1.26
16.65
26.97
Japan
Gold...
Yen
143.128
71.507
40,738
2.58
1.29
.73
4.60
Morocco
Silver..
Rial
1.114
.22
.22
Netherlands
Gold...
Florin
172.536
195,968
57.709
27.21
30.91
9.42
67 54
Norway
Gold...
Crown
24.887
4,395
17,307
10.11
1.79
7.03
18.93
Portugal
Gold...
Escudo
17.794
41,646
111,316
2.99
6.99
18.68
28 66
Russia
Gold...
Ruble
1,058.480
171,465
2,046.461
5.93
.96
4.50
11 39
Siam
Gold...
Pical
7.549
5,393
.88
.63
1 51
Spain
Gold...
Peseta
167.375
241.811
92,648
8.22
11.88
4.55
24.65
Sweden
Gold...
Crown
43,542
10,492
52.399
7.72
1.86
9.29
18 87
Switzerland
Gold...
48.276
9.889
34,033
12 60
2 58
8 88
24 06
Turkey
Gold...
Piaster
291.197
56.805
129,888
13.69
2.67
6.11
22.47
Argentina
Gold...
Peso
223.939
741.166
29.04
94.02
123.06
Brazil
Gold...
Milreis
24.408
563,658
1.00
23 19
24 19
Guiana. British —
...Gold...
Pound 'sterling
36
975
849
.12
3.25
2 83
6.20
Guiana. Dutch
Gold...
Florin
95
188
134
.59
1.88
1.34
3 81
Paraguay
Peru
Gold...
Gold...
Peso
Libra
1.930
25.622
"£425
27,738
9.463
2.41
4.42
' .'59
34.67
1.63
37.08
6.64
Uruguay
Gold...
Peso
28.356
1.898
23.13
1.55
24 68
Venezuela
Gold...
Bolivar
2.057
1,464
.73
.52
1 25
Guatemala
Silver..
Peso
4,011
1.89
1 89
Nicaragua
Silver..
Peso
315
1.747
.53
2.91
3 44
Panama
Gold...
Balboa
51
13
.13
.03
16
Salvador
Silver-
Peso
1.554
1,412
1.22
1.11
2,33
Total 8.258,2132.441,0128.582,792
•Thousands of dollars. Blank spaces in table indicate no satisfactory information is available!
PRODUCT OF GOLD
CPor 1792-1873 i* by R. W.
Period
AND SILVER IN THE UNITED
Raymond, commissioner, and since
Gold.
STATES (1792
by the director
Silver.
-1917).
of the mint.]
April 2. 1792-July 31. 1834
July 31. 1834-Dec. 31. 1844.
$14.000.000
7.500.000
Insignificant
$250.000
$14.000.000
7.750.000
1845-1850
1851-1860
103.030.769
551.000.000
300.000
1.100.000
103.336.769
552.100.000
1861-1870
474.250.000
100.750.000
575.000.000
1871-1880
395.300.000
360.300.000
1881-1890
326.620.000
535.056.000
861.676!o"00
1891
33.175.000
75.417.000
108.592 000
1892
33.000.000
82.101.000
115.101 000
1893
35.955.000
77.576.000
113.531.000
1894
39.500.000
64.000 000
103,500,000
1895
46.610,000
72.051.000
118.661 000
53.088,000
76.069,000
129,157.000
189*7
57.363.000
69.637.000
127.000.000
1898 ..
64.463.000
70.384.000
134.847,000
1899 ..
71.053,000
70.80ROOO
141.859 000
1900
79.171.000
74,533.000
153.704.000
1901
78.667.000
71.388.000
150,055.000
1902
80.000.000
71.758.000
151,758,000
1903 ..
73.591.700
70.206.000
143.797.700
1904
80.464.700
57.682. 80O
13S. 147.500
1905 ..
8F.1F0.700
34.222.1,00
122.402.700
1906
94.373.800
38.256.400
13?. 630. 200
1907
90,435.700
37.299.700
127.735.400
1908
94.560.000
28.050.600
122.610.60C
1909
99.673.40O
28.455. f^OO
128.128.600
1910
96.269.100
30.854,500
127.123.600
1911
96,890.000
32.615.700
129.505.700
1912 ..
93.451,500
39.197.400
132.649.000
1913
88.884.400
40.348.100
129.232.500
1914
94.531.800
40.067.700
134.599.500
1915
101.035.700
37.397.300
138.433.000
1916
92.5fiO."00
48.953.000
141.543.300
1917
83,750.700
59.078.100
142.828.800
Total 3.912.797.900 1.898.013.700 5.807.721.600
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
157
STOCKS OP GOLD A:
Fiscal year ended Popula-
June 30. tion.
1873 4-1 R77 nnn
ND SILVER IN THE UNITED
, — Total coin and bullion. — ,
Gold. Silver.
§135,000.000 86.149,305
351.841.206 148,522.678
1,695.563.029 463,211.919
1,034.439,264 647.371.030
1.635.424.513 727.078.304
1,973,330.201 758,039.421
2.450,516.328 763,218,469
3,018.964,392 772.908.301
3.075.339,748 745,747.094
STATES.
. Per capita. N
Gold. Silver. Totametalll.
S3.23 $0.15 $3.38
7.01 2.96 9.97
11.10 7.39 18.49
13.45 8.42 21.87
18.10 8.05 26.15
19.59 7.53 27.12
23.92 7.45 31.37
28.99 7.42 36.41
29.06 7.04 36.09
1880
.. 50 155.783
1890
.... 6'2 622 250
1900
76 891 000
1910...
.. 90 363.000
1915
100 725 000
1916
102 431 000
1917...
...104,145,000
1918...
...105,869,000
PRICE OF BAR SILVER IN LONDON.
Higiiest, lowest and average price of bar silver per ounce British standard (.925) since 1872
and the equivalent in United States grold coin of an ounce 1.000 fine, taken at the average price.
CALENDAR
YEAR.
Lowest
quota-
tion.
Highest Average
quota-
tion.
quota-
tion.
Value of
a fine oz.
at av.
quotat'n
CALENDAR
YEAR.
Lowest
quota-
tion.
Highest Average
quota-
tion.
quota-
tion.
Value of
anneoz.
at av.
quotat'n
1884.
1891
1892
]S93
1894
1895....
$1.298
1.278
1.246
1.156
1.201
1.152
1.123
1.145
1.138
1.136
1.110
1.113
1.0045
.9946
.97823
.93897
.93512
1.04633
.98782
.87106
.78031
.63479
.65406
1896..
1897..
1898..
1899..
1900..
1901..
1904..
1905..
1906..
1907..
1908 .
1909..
1910. .
1911 .
1912. .
1913..
1915
1916
1917
1918....
29Md.
1*
2415-16
2111-16
21 11-16
24 7-16
25 7-16
29
22
233-16
23 11-16
25J^
26 7-16
22^
225-16
26 11-16
35 11-16
31 15-10 d.
29 13-lb
28*6
29 SM6
26 1-16
28Vt
88*18
305-16
33^
32 7-16
27
2413-16
26
26J^
29 11-10
27^
35 13-16
55
27 £-16
26 15-16
27 7-16
285-16
27 3-16
241-16
24%
26 13-32
27 27-32
2413-32
23.7024
24 21-32
24 19-32
28 3-64
27 9-16
2~>M
23 21-32
31M
40 13-16
47 17-32
$0.61
10
.60154
.62007
.59595
.52795
.54257
.57876
.61087
.67629
.66153
.53490
.52016 ,
.54077 I
.53928
.61470
.60458
.55312
.51892
.68047
.8952E
1.04181
BULLION VALUE OF 371% GRAINS OF PURE SILVER AT ANNUAL AVERAGE
PRICE OF SILVER.
Year.
1860
Value. 1 Year.
$1 045 1889
Value.
SO 723
Year.
1899
Value.
$0 465
Year.
1909
Value.
SO 402
1870
1 027 1890...
809
1900...
.. . 479
1910
418
1880
885 | 1891
764
1901
460
1911
419
1G8°
878
1 RQO
674
1902
408
1912
475
1883
' 857 1 803
603
1903...
419
1913
488
1884
859
1894
490
1904
447
1914
40 g
1885...
823
1895...
.505
1905...
472
1915
401
1886
769
1896
522
1906
523
1916
530
1887
757
1807
467
1907
511
1917
692
1888...
726
1898
V.. .456
1908...
414
1918...
.805
COINAGE OF GOLD AND SILVER OF THE WORLD (1902-1915).
CALEN-
DAR
YEAR.
GOLD.
SILVER.
CALEN-
DAR
YEAR.
GOLD.
SILVER.
Fine
ounces.
Value.
Fine
ounces.
Coining
value.
Fine
ounces.
Value.
Fine
ounces.
Coining
value.
1902.. . .
1903. . .
1904. .
1905. .
1906. .
1907. .
1908. .
10.002.U98
11,634.007
22.031.285
11.898.037
17,721.058
19.921.014
15,828.573
$220,405,125
240,496.274
455,427.085
245,954,257
306,330.450
411.803,902
327,205.649
149.826.725
161,159.503
145.332.335
73.371.385
120,339,501
171.561.490
151.352.824
$193,715,362
208.367.849
172.270.379
103,880.205
155.590,400
221,816.876
195.688.499
1909. . . .
1910
1911. .. .
1912. .. .
1913. .. .
1914. .. .
1015
15,153,116
23,004,542
18,002,444
17.447,478
15.494.784
12,025.303
8,887.712
$313,242,714
454.874,248
372.143,555
300.671,382
320.305,619
248,585,071
183,518.602
87,728.951
78.786,842
117.287,888
161,763,415
155.497.816
192.501,238
194.017,162
$113.427,331
108.915.627
148.156.282
171.293.019
155.265.702
106 J 78.285
100.079,385
GOLD AND SILVER COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES.
By calendar years.
YEAR.
Gold. 1 Silver.
YEAR.
Gold.
Silver.
YEAR.
Gold.
Silver. [(YEAR.
Gold.
Silver.
1879....
1880....
1881,. .
1844! '.
1885. .
1886. .
1887. .
1888.
$39,080,080
62.308.279
90.850.080
65.887.685
29.241.990
23,991.756
27,773.012
28.945,542
23.972.383
31,380,808
£27.509.776
27.411.694
27.940.104
27.9; 3.i:!2
29.246.908
28.534.806
2S.90%2.17C
32.080.7(19
35,191,081
33.025.60t;
1889....
1890. . . .
1891....
1892....
1893. . .
1894. .
1895...
1896...
1897. . .
1898...
£21.413,931
20.467,182
29.222.005
34.787.223
56.997.020
79.540.160
59.616.358
47.053.0tfl
70.028.485
77.985,757
$35,496.683
39.202,908
27,518,858
12,641.078
8.802.797
9,200.351
5,098.010
23,089,8'.W
18,487.207
23.034.033
Ib99....
1900....
1901...
1902...
1903...
1904...
1905...
1906....
IVOR ...
1908....
$111.344,220
99,272,942
101,735.168
47,184.932
43,683.970
33,402.428
249,638.441
77,538.045
131,907.490
231,638.032
$26,061,520 J1V.09.,..
36,295,321>!l910....
30,838.46l!|1911....
30.028.167]! 912....
19.874.440il913....
15,695610 1914....
6,332,187 1915....
10.051.087 1910....
13.178.4^5 1917....
12.391.7. 511918....
$88,776,907
104.723,735
56. 176.822
17,498,522
25.433,378
53.457,817
23.968,401
18,525,020
10,014
$8.087,852
3.740,468
6,457.301
7.340.995
3,184.229
6,083.823
4.114,082
8,880,800
29.412.800
25,473.029
158
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
COMMERCIAL RATIO OF SILVER TO GOLD.
?ear. Ratio.
700 14.81
1720 15.04
1740 14.94
1750 14.55
1760 14.14
1770 14.62
1780 14.72
1790.... 15.04
1800 15.68
1810 15.77
1820 15.62
1830 15.82
1840 15.62
1850 15.70
1860 15.29
1870 15.57
COINAGE
Year. Ratio.
1871 15.57
1872 15.63
1873 15.92
1874 16.17
1875 16.59
1876 17.88
1877 17.22
1878 17.94
1879 18.40
1880 18.05
1881 18.16
1882 18.19
1883 18.64
1884 18.57
1885 19.41
1886 20.78
OF GOLD AND SILVER
[From report of the director of the mint.]
Year. Ratio.
1887 21.13
1888 21.99
1889 22.10
1890 19.76
1891 20.92
1892 23.72
1893 26.49
1894 32.56
1895 31.60
1896 30.59
1897 34.20
1898 35.03
1899 34.36
1900 33.33
1901 34.68
1902 39.15
BY
Year. Ratio.
1903 .............. 38. 1O
1904 .............. 35.7O
1905 .............. 33.87
1906 .............. 30.54
1907 .............. 31.24
1908 .............. 38.62
1909.
.39.7
1910 .............. 38.22
1911 .............. 38.34
1912 .......... 33.64
19
1913 .............. 34.
1914 .............. 37.34
1915 .............. 39.84
1916 .............. 30.11
1917 .............. 23.09
1918 .............. 19.84
NATIONS IN 1916*
Fig-ures are for calendar year.
Country. Gold. Silver.
United States $18,525,026 $4,409,986
Philippines 101,346
Australia 6,198,184 1,385.565
British Honduras 700,295
Canada ., 29.739 540,198
Chile 1.328.644 167,035
China 12.067,501
Colombia 35.864
Costa Rica 4,654
Cuba 786,357
Denmark 4,274.600 398,366
Ecuador 198.630
France 14,216.065
Indo-China 214.520
Country. Gold. Silver.
Italy $2.182.022
Japan $20.911,925 1,745,855
Mexico 129.610 129.448
Morocco 56199
Netherlands 267.057 1.745,573
Panama 2,482
Peru 2,834.624 11.373,559
Serbia 146.232
Siam 2.850.440
Sweden 268,617
Switzerland 1,158.000 181,239
Tunis 249 652.144
Total 55.662.212 66.285.538
*No late figures are available.
BANKING STATISTICS.
[From reports of the comptroller of the currency.]
NATIONAL BANKS OF THE UNITED STATES.
uiyi. Banks. Capital. Surplus. di
1913.7,404 $1,051,720,675 $725,272,182 $11
1914 7453 1,063,978.175 714.117.131 12
1915.7.560 1,068.577,080 726,620,202 11
1916.7.579 1,066.208,875 731.820.305 11
1917 7589 1.081.670.000 765.918.000
1918.7,691 1,098,264,000 816,801,000 12!
NATIONAL BANK NOTES.
Bank notes outstanding by denominations and
amounts.
Denominations. Mar. 13, 1900. Oct. 31, 1918.
Ones $348.275 $342.072
vidends. earnings. ^apHai.'0 DftTiun-h*' Ea1E.*ro5!
?,906,0ol $160,980 084 o ofi fi *7^ * 1 1 4-fl
1.147.096 149.270 170 11 SQ fi 81 s'qQ
3.639.415 127.052973 1063 633 708
i.724.595 157.543.547 10.76 6.38 8.75
Mellon National, Pittsburgh, Pa., $6.000.000.
Wells Fargo-Nevada. San Francisco. $6.000.000.
First National, Cincinnati. O., $6.000.000
First National, Minneapolis. Minn.. $5.000.000.
American Exchange, New York, $5,000.000.
National Park, New York. N. Y.. $5.000.000.
First National. Detroit, Mich.. $5 000 000
Marine, Buffalo, N. Y.. $5,000,000. '
STOCK SAVINGS BANKS IN THE UNITED
STATES (JUNE 29, 1918).
State. Banks. Depositors. Deposits. *Av.
Ariz... 3 7.457 $3.550.871.48 $476.18
Cal.... 1171,109.138 579,459.793 49 522 44
D.ofC 24 138,620 21,122.183.55 152.*37
Fla... 3 6.525 $1,398,609.70 $214.31
Ga.... 23 48.000 11,874.016.08 247.38
Iowa.. 923 755,000 326,264.551.96 432.14
Kansa 2 1.804 714.949.11 396.31
La.... 14 100.000 33.863.885.07 338.64
Md.... 20 36.135 16,730.185.73 462.99
Mich.. 4 28.600 6,634.694.58 231.98
Minn. 2 19.687 8,873,293.19 450.69
Miss.. 11 *5.000 4,493,451.97 299.56
:Neb... 19 19.940 4,357.983.48 218.55
N. H.. 11 28.211 10.188.473.55 361.15
N. J... 1 39.573 15.623.812.32 394.80
N.Dak 4 11.405 3,017.223.24 264.55
Oresron 2 1.141 403.218.19 353.39
Wyo... 2 1.853 912.358.78 492.37
Twos 167466 163.393
Fives 79310710 117,927.615
Tens 79378160 290 87° 810
Twenties .. .. 58.770.660 248,561.040
Fifties 11784150 29884400
One hundreds 24.103.400 34,217.700
Five hundreds 104-.000 88.000
One thousands 27.000 21.000
Unredeemed fractions 32.409 56.811
Total 254 0°6 230 722 078 0°9
NATIONAL BANKS WITH LARGEST
CAPITAL.
The national banks having- $5,000,000 or
more capital in 1918 were.
Bank of Commerce, New York. $25.000.000.
National City, New York, N. Y.. $25.000.000.
Continental and Comm'l. Chicago. S21.500.000.
Nat'l Bank of Iowa. Des Moines, $12.000.000.
First National. New York. N. Y.. $10 000 000
First National. Chicago. 111., $10.000.000.
National Bank of Com.. St. Louis. $10000.000
Chase, New York. N. Y., SI 0.000. 000.
Shawmut. Boston, Mass., $10.000.000.
Bank of California. Ran Francisoo <SS 500 000
First National, Boston, Mass.. $7,500.000.
Mechanics and Metals. New York, $6 000 000
Farmers' Deposit. Pittsburgh, Pa., $6,000,000.
Total 1,194 2,368.089 1.049.483,555.47 443.17
* Average to each depositor.
Note— Returns from the banking- depart-
ments of several states include stock saving*
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
159
banks with commercial banks. It is estimated
that 300 stock saving's banks with 815.000
depositors and $250.000,000 deposits are in-
cluded with the figures furnished by the state
banking1 departments for state banks. This
estimate includes the so-called stock saving's
banks of Michigan.
MUTUAL SAVINGS BANKS OF THE UNITED
STATES (JUNE 29, 1918).
State. Banks.Depositors. Deposits. Av.
Cal.... 1 86.260 $68.021.042.45 $788.56
Conn.. 81 715.000 363.186.747.45 507.95
Del... 2 39.598 15.143.944.83 382.44
Ind.... 5 33.942 13.998.213.16 412.40
Maine. 45 236,820 94.141,542.57 397.52
Md..6.'
Mass.
Minn.
N. H..
N. J...
N. Y..
Ohio-
Pa....
R.I...
Vt....
W. Va
Wash.
Wis...
Total..
*Av
Banks.De'-'OS'tors. Denosits Av.
19 255.824 $101.660.778.78 $397.39
196 2,591.162 1,024,903.937.56 395.54
7 109.856 30.209.571.34 274.99
45 207.082 104.911,261.60 506.62
26 323.202 138,111,759.64 427.32
141 3,446.876 1,991.720.349.72 577.83
3 110,794 63.658.930.52 574.57
10 541,016 247.976.374.60 458.35
15 161.320 94.042.240.55 582.95
20 117.962 '58.368.453.17 494.81
1 7,002 1.817.801.53 259.61
1 17.354 7.486.068.52 426 95
7 10.214 2.737,375.16 268.00
625 9.011,464 4.422.096.393.15 490.72
erag-e to each depositor.
District.
1. Boston
2. New York ....
3. Philadelphia .
4. Cleveland
5. Richmond ....
6. Atlanta
7. Chicago
8. St. Louis
9. Minneapolis' . .
10. Kansas City ..
11. Dallas
12. San Francisco
FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS.
CONDITION JULY 4. 1919.
Gold reserve. Bills on hand.
$105.428.000 $172,407,000
656,095.000 853,170.000
127,492.000 189.316.000
202,564,000 154.302,000
66.527.000 94,995,000
75,690,000 88.948.000
421.900,000 284.413,000
92,970,000 62,298.000
82,822,000 61.217.000
81,460.000 84,832.000
32,334,000 55,050.000
183,664.000 124,759,000
Resources. Note circulation.
$373,711,000 $182.631,000
1,818,155.000 762,915,000
413,537,000 203.310,000
440,767,000 217,567,000
231,199.000 109.640.000
211.656.000 117,320.000
825.849.000 429,248,000
233.036.000 104.350.000
163,774.000 82.203.000
240.912.000 94,044,000
123.706.000 47,908,000
346,806.000 201.212.000
FEDERAL LAND BANKS.
On Oct. 31. 1918, the twelve federal land
banks had assets amounting- to $160,688,-
797.42. Their mortgrag-e loans amounted to
$140.883.000 and United States and farm loan
bonds to $830.000. The total paid in capital
was $15.975.220, of which $8.892.130 was
owned by the government. $6.963.140 by
national farm loan associations. $104.805 by
individual subscribers and $15,145 by bor-
rowers through ag-ents. The expenses and
interest charges exceeded the earning-s of the
banks by $211.609.09. There were 3.301
farm loan associations on the date named.
The number and amount of loans approved in
each federal land bank district were:
District. Number. .A nnrovd .
1. Spring-field, Mass 2.733 $7.111.195
2. Baltimore. Md 3.333
3. Columbia, S. C 6.218
4. Louisville. Ky 6.609
5. New Orleans, La 12.423
6. St. Louis, Mo 6.208
7. St. Paul. Minn 12.142
8. Omaha, Neb 5.035
9. Wichita. Kns.... 7.294
10. Houston, Tex
11. Berkeley, Cal
.12.364
,. 3.499
7,591.865
11.553.654
13.962.100
14.312.925
12.947.840
22.950.350
20.767.740
17.349.500
26.366.135
10.558,000
12. Spokane, Wash 12,615 20.225,120
Total 90.478 194,696,424
TOTAL RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES, ALL
BANKS, JUNE 29, 1918.
Resources.
Loans and discounts $22,514,602,064.81
Overdrafts 60.334.533.39
Investments 9,741.653.241.78
Furniture ami fixtures 737.147.869.04
Other real estate owned. .. 172.035,226.4?
Due from banks 5.136.603.795.91
Checks and other cash 323.244.504.95
Ex<?h. for clearing- house.. 359.833,619.62
Cash on hand 896.570.423.03
Other resources 784.413.235.56
Total resources 40^726,438,51.4^47
Liabilities.
Capital stock paid 2.351.587,559.45
Surplus 2,034.764.173.59
Undivided profits 684,259,780.74
National bank circulation..
Due to banks
Dividends unpaid
Deposits
U. S. deposits
Postal saving-s deposits
Notes and bills discounted.
Bills payable
Other liabilities. . .
$681.631,000.00
3,595.062,376.24
33,012,997.79
27,808,472,756 43
1,037.787,000.00
114,892.459.19
680.876.642.24
707,978,049.85
996.113,718.95
Total liabilities 40.726,438,514.47
Note— By including- the reports of the twelve
federal reserve banks with those of the other
banks it is found that the combined resources
of all the reporting- banks in the United States
agrgreg-ate $44,598,571,514.
SAVINGS-BANK STATISTICS OF UNITED
STATES FROM 1820.
Av. to each
Deposits. Depositor.
»,iiot> $1.138.576 $131.86
38.085 6.973,304 183.09
78.701 14.051.520 178.54
251.354 43.431.130 17278
i i§g-||§ m
2.335.582
4.258.893
6.107.083
9.142.908
9.794,647
Yr. Banks. Depositors.
1820.
1830.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1890.
10
36
61
108
278
517
629
921
1900.1.002
1910.1,759
1911.1.884
1912.1.922 10.010304
1913.1.978 10.766.936
1914.2.110 11,109.499
1915.2.159 11.285.755
1916.1.864 11 148 392
! 1917. 1,807 il,367!oi3
1918.1,819 11,379.553
6.973,304
14.051.520
43.431.130
149.277 504
549.874.358
819.106.973
1.524.844.506
2.449.547.885
4.070.486.246
4.212.583.598
4.451.818.522
4.727.403.951
4.936.591.849
4.997.706 013
5 038 587 294
5.418.022'.275
5.471,589,948
215.
337.17
350.71
358.03
401.10
445.20
430.09
444.72
439.07
444.03
442.83
446.58
452.15
466.94
INDIVIDUAL F>ET>0?TTS IN ALL BANKS.
JUNE 29. 1918.
Banks. Saving-s. Total
State .... $1.071.636.806.01 $6,114.198.976 67
: Stock sav. 1.001.573 414.15 1,049,483,555 47
i Mutual sav. 4,343,687,558.83 4,422,096,393.15
Lo?n and
trust ... 1,286.650.369.13 5.970.906.454.04
| Private .. 23,459,823.09 193.419.377.10
National 10.058.368.000.00
1 Total .. 7.727,007,971.212778087472,756743
160
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
UNITED STATES POSTAL SAVINGS
Fiscal Year Ending- June 30, 1918.
«sa:v.v.::::
Colorado
Connecticut
584,488.62
209,294.19
4.176,019.16
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho .
395.857
139,775
290,213
6,760,148
608,171.47
743,095.72
Maine
304,867
458,033
4,986,567
5,291.505
428.596.01
371,225.72
15.26
New Jersey:...::: 5,033,534
New Mexico 172,452
New York
North Carolina..
North Dakota...
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania . . .
Porto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina..
Texas
Utah
saw. = tatas
37.993.857
68,051
33,063
7,655,200
286,198
1.905,184
13.533,279
212,201
993,110
46.628
32,075
229,841
846,481
581,106
65,147
489,913.22
598.966.84
5,925,932.16
140,271.02
44,007,728.58
68,185.13
40.992.86
9,542,355.77
320,744.95
2,226,401.72
17.037,595.39
9.435.52
1.244.279.52
43 313.82
56,115.11
250,766.69
865.261.79
626,051.51
105,546.95
900.068.90
4,570,448.36
^uuuu. _l3d_7:s_44_ '330:417:63
T0tal 116,954.696 140.658.608.42
•During fiscal year. fTo credit of depositors
June 30. 1918.
BANKING POWER OF THE UNITED
STATES.
The banking power of the United States in
June, 1918, as represented by capital, sur-
plus and other profits, circulatipn and deposits
of national and other reporting banks, to-
gether with the estimated amount of funds of
this character in nonreporting banks, as well
as the paid-in capital, government and re-
serve deposits, and federal reserve notes in
circulation as shown by the statement of the
federal reserve banks as of June 28, 1918.
was $39.082.800,000.
The banking power of the United States alone
to-day is nearly two ^nd a half times as
great as the banking power of the world as
it stood in 1890 when Mulhall's estimate
placed the world's banking power at $15.985.-
000.000, and the banking power of the United
States is now more than seven times greater
than Mulhall's estimate of our banking powor
in 1890, which was given by him at $5,150,-
000 000.
•Total (1918).
National banks $14.209.400.000
State (etc.) banks 20,536,900.000
Nonreporting banks 477.100.000
Federal reserve banks 3.859.400.000
39,082.800,000
•Capital paid in. surplus and profits, de-
posits and federal notes in circulation.
BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS.
Jan.
State. No.
Pennsylvania ..2.089
Ohio 678
New Jersey.... 793
Massachusetts.. 184
Illinois 662
New York 253
Indiana 351
Nebraska 73
California 91
Michigan 72
Kentucky 125
Missouri 155
Kansas 72
Louisiana 67
District of Col. 19
Wisconsin 78
North Carolina. 140
Washington
Arkansas
Iowa
Minnesota
West Virginia..
Colorado
Maine
Oklahoma
Rhode Island...
Connecticut . . .
South Dakota.
New Hampshire
Tennessee
North Dakota..
Texas
Montana
New Mexico...
Vermont
Other States...
34
8
OO
14
22
13
10
28
16
13
6
856
Total ....... 7.269
1, 1918.
Members.
677,911
767.100
329.063
247,725
246.800
199,571
202,409
101.929
42,227
69,041
62.846
56,116
66.442
47.793
37,075
50,612
37.400
46,318
21.053
33.035
22,020
21.500
10.200
14,959
18,142
11,499
14,900
5,857
8.554
5,160
6,785
7.156
4,239
3,5-15
749
341.875
3,838,612
Assets.
$324.265.393
321,741.529
168,215,913
126,695.037
113.528,525
86,072.829
78,112,917
54,545,630
35,928,447
35,659,360
27,085.282
26.770.144
26,000,167
25,911,928
22,399,995
19,887,368
17.608.000
14.444,177
10,583,447
9.638,852
8.979,642
8,119,131
6.688,983
6,671,239
6,554,175
5,938,436
4.869.748
3,603.836
3,336.072
3,207,754
2,837.115
2,314,927
1,849.935
1.469,276
287,791
_157J319.173
1.769,142.175
MINERAL MONOPOLIES OF THE AMERICAS.
[From Bulletin of Pan-American Union.]
Mineral products of the American continents
in which practical mon9polies or market con-
trol exist and the countries which possess them :
Metallic— Vanadium Peru
Nickel Canada
Nonmetallio— Nitrates Chile
§Ss : .'.'.'. : : SSS. pem. u. s.,
Argentina, Bolivia
Black diamonds Brazil
Mon-1 zite Brazil
Zirconium minerals Brazil
Products possessed by the American coun-
tries in quantities sufficient to dominate and
control the world's markets:
Metallic-rRadium ores United States
Copper Q. S.. Chile, Peru
Bismuth Peru, Bolivia
Nonmetallic— Sulphur (T. s.. Chile
Petroleum Q. S.. Mexico
Gems — Emerald Colombia
Topaz Brazil
Amethyst Brazil
Graphite for pencils Mexico
LARGEST DRY DOCK IN THE UNITED STATES.
The largest dry dock in the United States is I S4. 000 000 and wHh a lenglh of 1.022 feet
it tho navy yard at Portsmouth, Va. It was and a depth of 43 feet it will accommodate
sompleted and opened Feb. 1, 1919. It cost I the largest vessel afloat.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
161
SAVINGS BANKS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
[From statistical abstract of the United
States.]
Country. Date.
Form of bank.
Depositors.
Deposits.
Aver P
er cap
Argentina .Oct. 18.1917.
Postal
212,881
$4,187,298
$19 67
$0 49
Austria Dec. 31.1913.
Communal & private
4,385,064
1.291,041,227
294.42
44.89
Austria Dec. 31.1917.
Postal.' savings dept.
2.495,584
57,235,850
22.93
1.99
Austria Dec. 31.1917.
Postal, check dept..
150,240
418,823,510
2.787.70
14.56
Belgium Dec. 31, 1912.
Government
3,013.296
204.147.391
67.75
26.96
Belgium Dec. 31.1912.
Communal & private
49.794
11,854.503
238.07
1.57
Bulgaria Dec. 31,1911.
Chile Dec. 31,1915.
Postal
Public
312,462
631,483
8.797.965
22,673,604
28.16
35.91
2.03
5.98
Denmark Mar. 31. 1916.
Communal and corp.
1,274,365
223.523.385
175.40
76.52
Egypt .Dec. 31.1917.
Postal
198.220
2,774,802
14.00
.22
France Dec. 31,1914.
Private
8,659,551
774,204,976
89.40
19.55
France Dec. 31.1915.
Postal
6,601,382
319,634,510
48.42
8.07
Algeria Dec. 31.1909.
19,427
1,309,769
67.42
.24
Tunis Dec. 31, 1916.
Postal
1,369
1,157.638
845.61
.59
Germany Dec. 31, 1915.
Public & corporate.
23,871,657
4,685.982,000
196.30
70.24
Hungary Dec. 31,1913.
Communal & private
1,149,251
428,023.064
372.44
19.99
Hungary Dec. 31,1917.
Postal, savings dept.
1.069,878
58.261,000
54.46
2.72
Hungary Dec. 31.1913.
I ostal. check dept..
25.630
23,286.942
908.58
1.09
Italy Dec. 31.1914.
Communal & corp. .
2,473,216
491,464,209
198.71
13.45
Italy Apr. 30. 1917 .
Postal
6,472,442
431.922.457
66.73
11.82
Japan Dec. 31.1914.
Private
9,688.958
82,489,620
8.51
1.50
Japan Mar. 31. 1916.
Postal
12.700.105
113,040,989
8.90
2.05
Formosa Mar. 31, 1916.
Postal
272,913
1,582,323
5.80
.43
Chosen Mar. 31, 1917.
Postal
1.069,312
5.073.831
4.74
.30
Luxemburg Mar. 31, 1914.
State
76,808
12,597,471
164.01
47.01
Netherlands . . .Dec. 31. 1915.
Private
512,060
48,650.442
95.01
7.39
Netherlands . . . June 30, 1917 .
Postal
1.744,804
84.538,307
48.41
12.84
Dutch E.Indies.Dec. 31. 1914.
Private
5,740
889,304
154.93
.02
Dutch E.Indies.Dec. 31. 1915.
Postal
130,909
4.306.061
32,89
.09
Dutch Guiana. Dec. 31, 1915 .
Postal
10.750
332.579
30.94
3.74
D'tch W.Indies.Dec. 31, 1916 .
Postal
4.580
97,253
21.23
1.71
Norway Dec. 31,1916.
Communal and priv.
1,334,485
255,228,079
191.26
101.40
Roumania July 1,1910.
Government
218,690
11,616.820
53.12
1.69
Russia Mar. 1, 1917 .
State, incl. postal...
12,488,000
2.133.233,000
170.82
11.92
Finland Dec. 31. 1914.
Private
361,662
60,844.408
168.24
18.61
Finland Dec. 31,1915.
Postal
73,237
1,843,339
25.17
.56
Spain Dec. 31. 1916.
Private
755,657
83.094.011
109.96
4.05
Spain ...Dec. 31, 1917.
Postal
228,444
7,182,571
31.44
.35
Sweden Dec. 31,1916.
Communal & trustee
1,803,901
323,544,968
176.84
56.20
Sweden Dec. 31,1916.
Postal
590,294
14,482,742
24.29
2.52
Switzerland Dec. 31, 1908.
Communal and priv.
1,963.417
307,386.431
156.56
86.47
United kingdom.Nov. 20. 1916.
2.015.894
261,739,826
129.80
5.99
United kingdom.Dec. 31, 1916 .
Postal
14,746.821
957,022,331
64.90
21.92
British India.. Mar. 31, 1916.
Postal
1,660,424
49.707.248
29.94
.20
Australia.Com.Mar. 31, 1918.
Government
2,720,007
548,285,108
201.57
111.10
New Zealand . .Dec. 31, 1917 .
Postal
566,341
142,084,232
250.88
129.40
New Zealand.. Mar. 31, 1918,
Private
85.191
13,240,330
155.42
12.06
Canada Mar. 31. 1916.
Postal
134.345
40,008,418
297.80
4.96
Canada Mar. 31. 1916.
30.618
13,520,009
441.57
1 67
Brit. S. Africa. 1914-15.
Government
260,164
28,823,428
110.79
3.92
Brit. W. Indies. 1914-15 .
97.465
6,438.165
66.06
3.61
Brit. col., n.e.s. 1914-15 .
269,486
14,480,853
53.74
.56
Total, foreign
..131,784,674 15,087,710,636
114.49
16.23
United States.. .June 30, 1918. Postal
612,188
148,471,499
242.53
1.41
United States. . .June 30, 1918 .
Mutual and stock. .
11.379,553
5,471,579,949
480.83
52.05
Philippines . ..June 30, 1918 .
Postal
73,600
2,234,010
30.35
.26
Grand total 143,850,015 20,709,996,094 143.97 19.84
MONEY IN CIRCULATION IN THE UNITED STATES JULY 1. 1918.
CLASSIFICATION.
General stock
of money
in the U.S.
July 1.1919.
Held in
treasury as
assets of the
government
July 1, 1919.
Held by fed-
eral reserve
banks
July 1, 1919.
MONEY IN CIRCULATION.
July 1,1919.
Julyl, 1918.
Jan.1,1879
Gold coin (inc. bullion intreas.)
•Gold certificates
$3.095,077,467
$360.604,070
$813.882.860
205,417,280
BU72.9534S9
542,219.728
81,576,350
169,939,003
232.147,836
1.745,230
332.938.544
2.493,992.4(52
163,682,696
649,831,150
11,107,531.343
828,231,744
77,341.545
381.806,776
217.206,560
1.851,130
339.936,233
1,711.411,695
15,343.975
704.137,008
$96.262,850
5,790!721
413,360
67,982.601
310,288,5*11
Standard silver dollars
308,978,930
55,718,347
Silver certificates
Subsidiary silver
243,235,661
11.087,825
Treasury notes of 1890
United States notes
346.681.016
2,687.556.985
187,666,980
719.276,732
13.742.472
44.2ti5.463
23.984,284
69.445.582
""149,299.060'
Federal reserve notes
Federal reserve bank notes —
National bank notes
314,339,398
Total
7,588,473,771
578,848.043
1,168,599,200
5,841,026,528
5,384.797,909
816.266,721
Population of continental United States July 1, 1919, estimated at 107,600,000; circulation per capita, $54.28.
162
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
COINS OF THE UNITED STATES (1793-1918).
Gold Coins.
Fifty Dollar Piece, Panama-Pacific Interna-
tional Exposition — Authorized Jan. 16, 1915;
weight. 1,290 grains; fineness, .900; total
amount coined to June 30, 1918. $150.950.
Double Eagles — Authorized to be coined, act
of March 3, 1849; weight, 516 grains; fine-
ness, .900. Total amount coined to June 30,
1918, 32.436.142.120. Full legal tender.
Eagles — Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 270 grains; fineness,
.916%; weight changed, act of June 28, 1834,
to 258 grains; fineness changed, act of June
28, 1834, to .899225; fineness changed, act of
June 18, 1837, to .900. Total amount coined
to June 30, 1918, $516,714,850.
tender.
Full legal
Half-Eagles — Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 135 grains; fineness,
.916%; weight changed, act of June 28, 1834,
to 129 grains; fineness changed, act of June
28. 1834, to .899225; fineness changed, act of
Jan. 18, 1837, to .900. Total amount coined
to June 30, 1918, $391,249,345.
tender.
Full legal
Quarter-E
uthorized to be coined, act
of April 2, 1792; weight. 67.5 grains; fineness,
.916%; weight changed, act of June 28, 1834,
to 64.5 grains; fineness changed, act of June
28, 1834, to .899225; fineness changed, act of
June 18, 1837, to .900. Total amount coined
to June 30, 1918, $44,641,475. Full legal
tender.
Quarter-Eagle, Panr.ma-Pacific International
Exposition — Authorized Jan. 16, 1915; weight.
64.5 grains; fineness,
coined, $25.000.
.900 ; total amount
Three-Dollar Piece — Authorized to be coined,
act of Feb. 21, 1853; weight, 77.4 grains;
fineness, .900; coinage discontinued, act of
Sept. 26, 1890. Total amount coined, $1,619,-
376. Full legal tender.
One Dollar — Authorized to be coined, r.ct of
March 3, 1849; weight, 25.8 grains; fineness,
.900;
18
o'inage discontinued, act of 'Sept. 26!
Total amount coined, $19,499,337. Full
legal tender.
One Dollar, Louisiana Purchase Exposition —
Authorized June 28, 1902; weight, 25. 8 grains;
fineness, .900. Total amount coined, $250,000.
One Dollar, Lewis and Clark Exposition —
Authorized April 13, 1904; weight, 25.8
grains; fineness, .900.
$60.000.
Total amount coined,
One Dollar, Panama-Pacific International Ex-
position— Authorized Jan. 16, 1915: weight,
25.8 grains; fineness, .900;
coined, $25,034.
total amount
One Dollar, McKinley Memorial — Authorized
Feb. 23, 1916; weight, 25.8; fineness .900;
total coined, $30.040.
Silver Coins.
Dollar — Authorized to be coined, act of April
2, 1792; weight, 416 grains; fineness, .8924;
weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837, to 412%
grains; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to .900; coinage discontinued act of Feb. 12,
1873. Total amount coined to Feb. 12, 1873,
$8.031,238. Coinage reauthorized, act of
Feb. 28, 1878; coinage discontinued after
July 1, 1891, except for certain purposes, act
of July 14, 1890. Amount coined to June
30. 1918, $578.303,848. Full legal tender ex-
cept when otherwise provided in the con-
tract.
Trade Dolla
•Authorized to be coined, act of
Feb. 12. 1873; weight, 420 grains; fineness,
.900; legal tender limited to $5, act of June
82, 1874 (rev. stat.) ; coinage- limited to ex-
port demand and legal tender quality repealed,
joint resolution, July 22, 1876; coinage dis-
continued, act of Feb. 19, 1887. Total
amount coined, $35.965.924.
Lafayette Souvenir Dollar — Authorized by
act of March 3, 1899; weight, 412% grains;
fineness .900. Total amount coined $50,000.
Half-Dollar— Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 208 grains; fineness,
.8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to 206% grains; fineness changed, act of Jan.
18, 1837, to .900: weight changed, act of Feb.
21, 1853. to 192 grains: weight changed, act
of Feb. 12. 1873. to 12% grams, or 192.9
grains Total amount coined to June 30, 1918.
$207,535,856. Legal tender. $10.
Columbian Half-Dollar — Authorized to be
coined, act of Aug: 5, 1892; weight, 192.9
grains; fineness, .900. Total amount coined,
$2,500,000. Legal tender, $10.
Half-Dollar, Panama-Pacific International
Exposition — Authorized Jan. 16, 1915; weight,
192.9; fineness, .900; total amount coined,
$30,000.
Quarter-Dollar — Authorized to be coined, act
of April 2, 1792; weight, 104 grains; fineness,
.8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to 103% grains: fineness changed, act of Jan.
18, 1837, to .900; weight changed, act of Feb.
21, 1853, to 96 grains; weight changed, act
of Feb. 12, 1873, to 6% grams, or 96.45
grains. Total amount coined to June 30,
1918. $120.720.789.50. Legal tender. $10.
Columbian Quarter-Dollar — Authorized to be
coined, act of March 3, 1893; weight, 96.45
grains: fineness, .900. Total amount coined,
$10,000. Legal tender, $10.
Twenty-Cent Piece — Authorized to be coined,
act of March 3, 1875; weight, 5 grams, or
77.16 grains; fineness, .900; coinage pro-
hibited, act of May 2, 1878. Total amount
coined, $271,000.
Dime — Authorized to be coined, act of April
2. 1792: weight, 41.6 grains: fineness, .8924:
weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837. to 41'"
grains; fineness changed, act o
8, 183
f Jan.
18, 183^
.
to .900; weight changed, act of Feb. 21, 1853.
to 38.4 grains; weight changed, act of Feb. 12.
1873, to 2% grams, or 38.58 grains. Total
amount coined to June 30. 1918. $94.345.-
879.70. Legal tender. $10.
Half-Dime — Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 20.8 grains; fineness.
.8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to 20% grains; fineness changed, act of Jan.
18, 1837, to .900; weight changed, act of Feb.
21, 1853, to 19.2 grains; coinage discontinued,
act of Feb. 12, 1873. Total amount coined.
r 4.880,219.40.
Three-Cent Piece — Authorized to be coined,
act of March 3, 1851; weight, 12% grains;
fineness, .750; weight changed, act of March
3, 1853, to 11.52 grains; fineness changed, act
of March 3, 1853, to .900; coinage discon-
tinued, act of Feb. 12, 1873. Total amount
coined, $1,282,087.20.
Minor Coins.
Five-Cent (nickel) — Authorized to be coined,
1918, $52.493,558.10. Legal tender for $1,
but reduced to 25 cents by act of Feb. 12.
1873.
Three-Cent (nickel) — Authorized to be
coined, act of March 3, 1865; weight, 30
grains; composed of 75 per cent copper and
25 per cent nickel. Total amount coined,
$941,349.48. Legal tender for 60 cents, but
reduced to 25 cents by act of Feb. 12, 1873.
Coinage discontinued, act of Sept. 26, 1890.
Two-Cent (bronze) — Authorized to be coined,
act of April 22, 1864; weight, 96 grains; com-
posed of 9"> per cent copper and 5 per cent tin
and zinc.
12. 1873.
Coinage discontinued, act of Feb.
Total amount coined, $912,020.
Cent (copper) — Authorized to be coined, act
of April 2, 1792; weight, 264 grains; weight
changed, act of Jan. 14, 1793, to 208 grains:
weight changed, by proclamation of the presi
dent, Jan. 26, 179
y pr
6, in
conformity with act of
, . , ,
March 3, 1795, to 168 grains; coinage discon-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
163
tinued, act of Feb. 21, 1857. Total amount
coined, $1,562,887.44.
Cent (nickel) — Authorized to be coined, act
of Feb. 21, 1857; weight, 72 grains; composed
of 88 per cent copper and 12 per cent nickel.
Coinage discontinued, act of April 22, 1864.
Total amount coined, $2,007.720.
Cent (bronze) — Authorized, act of April 22,
1864; weight, 48 grains; composed of 95 per
cent copper and 5 per cent tin and zinc. Total
amount coined to June 30. 1918, $31,058.-
413.83. Legal tender. 25 cents.
Half -Cent (copper) — Authorized to be coined,
act of April 2, 1792; weight, 132 grains;
weight changed, act of Jan. 14, 1793. to 104
grains; weight changed by proclamation of
the president, Jan. 26, 1796, in conformity
with act of March 3, 1795, to 84 grains; coin-
age discontinued, act of Feb. 21, 1857. Total
amount coined, $39,926.11.
* Total Coinage.
Gold ., ...$3,410.407,527.00
Silver ...................... 1,045.895.603.80
Minor .................... 89.015.874.96
Total .................... .. 4.545,319,005.76
^Coinage, 1911.
Gold ............................ $10,014.00
Silver ........................... 29,412.300.00
Minor .......................... 6.118.089.30
Total 35.540.403.30
*To end of fiscal year June 30, 1918. tCal-
endar year.
PROGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1800.
[From reports of the bureau of statistics, department of commerce and other sources.]
1800.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1900.
1918.
Area (Cont'l U.S.) sq.m.
Population
843,255
5 308 483
2.995,536
23 191 876
3.026,789
31 44S 3°1
3,026,789
38 558 371
3.026,789
50 155,783
3.026,789
75 994 575
3,026,789-
*105 118 467
Wealth dols.
Debt dols.
Money in circul'n.dols.
Deposits, b'k.n't'l dols.
82,976.294
2(5,500,000
7,135.780.000
63.452.774
278,761,982
16,159,616.000
59.964,402
435,407,252
30,068,^8.000
2.331.169.956
675.212.794
542 261 563
42.642,000,000
1.919\326.748
973,382,228
833,701,034
88,517,306,775
1,107,711.258
2.055.150.998
2 458 092 758
tl87.739,000.000
{10,924,281.355-
5,379,427,424
10 181 739 000
Deposits, savings. dols.
43 431 130
149 277 504
549 874 358
819,106,973
2,389,719,954
5 471 579 949
Dep'sits, uost'lsav.dols.
148 471 599
Farms, value dols.
Manuf act'res. val . dols.
3,967.343,58q
1 019 106 616
7,980.493,060
1 885 861 676
8,944.857,749
4,232.325 442
12,180,501,538
5,369,579,191
20,514.001.838
13,004,400.143
§40,991.449,096
§20 672 051 870
Receipts-Net ord.dols.
Customs dols.
Internal reven dols
10,848.749
9.080.933
80° 397
43.592,889
39,668,686
56,054,600
53,187,512
395.959,834
194.538.374
184899756
333.526.501
186.522.065
124 009 374
567.240,852
233,164.871
295 327 927
4,I74,010;58ft
182,758,989
3 696 043 485
Expend.— Net ord.dols.
War dols.
10.813.971
2 5(50 879
40.948.383
9687025
63,130.598
16 472 203
293.657.U05
57 655 675
264.847.637
38.116.916
487.713,792
134 774.768
8,966!632',266
§5 684 348 624
Navy dols.
3 448 716
7 C04 725
11 514 650
21 780 230
13.536.985
55,953.078
1 368 642"! 94
Pensions dols.
64 131
1 866886
1 100802
28,340 202
56,777,174
140.877.31b
181 137754
Imports, mdse dols.
Exports, mdse dols.
Product'n of gold. dols.
Silver dols.
Coal tons
91,252,768
70,971,780
173.509,526
144,375.72fa
50,000.000
50.900
6266233
353,616,119
333,576.057
46,000.000
156,800
13044 680
435.958.408
392,771,768
50,000,000
16.434,000
29496054
667.954.746
835,638,658
36,000.000
34.717.000
63.822 830
849.941.184
1,394.483,082
79,171.006
35.741.100
240 789 310
2.945.655.403
5,919,711,371
68,493.500
67.879,206
11581 609 26S
Petroleum .. . gallons
21 000000
220951 290
1,104.017,166
2,672 062 218
1114 083 255 ^42
Pig iron tons
Steel tons
563,755
821,223
1,665,179
68 750
3.835,191
1,247.335
13.789.242
10 188,329
39.051.991
145060607"
Copper tons
Wool ....Ibs.
Wheat . bushels
650
52.516,959
100 485 944
7.200
60,264.913
173 104 924
12.600
162,000.000
235 884 7(X
27,000
232,500.(XX
498 549868
270.588
288.636,621
522229505
1842.018
299,921,000
917 100 000
Corn bushels
Cotton bales
153 509
592,071.104
2 454 442
838,792.740
3 849 469
1,094.255.000
4 352 317
1,717.434.543
6,605,750
2,105,102.516
10,245.602
2,582.814.000
11 700 000
Railroads. . . v miles
Postofflces No.
P. O. receipts dols.
Patents issued No.
Immigrants .No.
""903
280,804
9,021
18.417
5,499,984
993
369.980
30,626
28,498
8,518,067
4.778
150.237
52,922
28.492
19.772.221
13,333
387.203
93.267
42.989
33,315.479
13.947
457.257
198,964
76,688
102,354,579
26.499
448,572
**266,031
54,345
344,475.962
39.941
HO.tilS-
*Estimated June 1. fin 1912. JNet debt, June 30. 1918. §Census of 1910. Bin 1917.
**In 1916. -
LARGEST LAKES IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From U. S. geological survey report.]
Following is a list of lakes in the United I Lake.
States each of which is more than 100 square
miles in area at high water:
Lake.
'Sa. miles.
Lake Superior. Wis., Minn, and Canada. 31, 200
Lake 'Huron, Mich, and Canada .......... 23,800
Lake Michigan, 111.. Wis., Mich., Ind. and
Ohio .................................. 22,450
Lake Erie. O., Pa.. N. Y. and Canada.. 9.960
Lake Ontario. N. Y. and Canada ......... 7,240
Great Salt lake. Utah (in 1912) ........ 1.800
Lake of the Woods, Minn, and Canada.. 1.500
Tulare lake. Cal ................ Nothing: to 800
Lake Okechobee. Fla .................. 730
Lake Pontchartrain. La ................. 626
Salton sea. Cal. (Jan. 1. 1909), shrinking 443
Red lake. Minn, (both lakes) ........... 441
Lake Champlain. N. Y. and Vt .......... 436
Lake St. Clair, Mich, and Canada ......
Rainy lake, Minn, and Canada
410
310
,
Leech lake. Minn, (high water) ........ 234
Leech lake. Minn, (low water)
Mille Lacs. Minn.
173
207
SQ. miles -
Lake Winnebago, Wis 215
Lake Tahoe, Cal
Flathead lake, Mont
Upper Klamath lake. Ore. (including
swamp )
Upper Klamath lake. Ore.
swamp)
Utah lake, Utah
Tule lake. Cal
Lake Pen d'Oreille. Idaho...
Lake Winnibigosliish, Minn..
Moosehead lake, Maine
(excluding
193
188-
156
87
145
144
124
117
115
BRITISH FOREIGN TRADE BY YEARS.
[From consular reports.]
Year.
Imports.
1913 ........... $3,741.047.608
1914 ........... 3,390,174.777
1915 ........... 4.145,738.988
1916 ........... 4,615,906,844
1917 ........... 5.178.757.405
1918... . 6.420,561.252
Exports
$3,089,353,116
2.560,730.513
2.355,048,406.
2.938.615,999
2,904,118,947
2,576,466,686.
164
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
NATIONAL DEBTS. REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES.
[From report of bureau of statistics, Washington. D. C.]
Total debt Bates of
in United State
s interes
t.
Country.
Argentina
Year.
1917
currency.
$804,598.000
Perct
4 -o
Bevenue.
$159,044.000
•3SS5&'.ffib
Australasia — Common-
wealth of Australi
i 1916-17
975,738,000
3%-5&
135.274.000
393.755,000
Australia, states..
1916-17
1,741,301,000
3 -5
246,532,000
254,306,000
New Zealand
1917-18
631,847,000
3 -4
98,334,000
73,583,000
Austria-Hungary
1914-15
1,040,338,000
3 -5
160,487,000
160,487,000
1917-18
15,807,071.000
3 -5%
986,735.000
4.838,058,000
Hungary
1917-18
8,138.848,000
3 -6
704,187,000
698.864,000
1914
825,518.000
2%-3
155,812,000
155,704.000
1918
54,741,000
3 -4
11,182,000
12,543.000
1916
20,716,000
3 -8
5,674,000
8,788,000
Brazil
1918
1,145,380.000
4 -6
171.030,000
194,301,000
1918
327.667,000
4%-6
92,852,000
92,527,000
Canada
1917-18
1,330,229,000
2%-5%
252,373,000
469,666.000
Central America:
1918
20,254,000
4 -5
4.265,000
4.250,000
Guatemala .'..
1916
16,230,000
4 -8
3,332,000
2,273,000
1917-18
130,758,000
5 -10
4.102,000
4,102,000
Nicaragua
1916-17
18,596,000
5 -6
2,302,000
1.981.000
1918
7,172,000
3,594,000
3,594,000
Salvador
1917
10,882,000
2 -6
4,861,000
4,934,000
Chile
China
1916
1916-17
1918-19
-225,664.000
^066,649,000
22,316,000
4%-5
M
66,964,000
283,628,000
17,179,000
59,090,000
310,182,000
16,649,000
Cuba
1918-19
65,923,000
4%-5
62,760,000
70,951,000
Denmark
1918-19
157,875,000
3 -5
51.635,000
34,844,000
Dominican Bepublic
1918
13.686,000
5
3.163,000
2,953,000
1918
24,952,000
4 -10
7,846 000
7 846 000
Finland
1917-18
1915
456,190,000
34.618.000
3 -4
3 -4%
96,512,000
37,891,000
96,512iOOO
38,387,000
France
Algeria
1918
1917
28,642,177.000
34,787,000
2%-5
3%
1.280,100,000
25,494,000
10,196,784,000
25,492,000
Tunis
French Indo-China.
1916
1917
68,936,000
47,461,000
3 -3%
2%-3fc
12,394,000
44,189,000
11.854,000
44,189,000
Fr. colonies, n.e.s...
1917
59,533,000
3 -4
34,089,000
34,089,000
Germany
1917-18
34,807,337.000
3 -5
1.196,618,000
8,338,349,000
German states
1913-14
3,854,795,000
3 -4
1 555 493 000
1 532 714 000
German colonies ....
1913-14
32,410,000
14,297,000
35,375 000
Greece
1918
259,725,000
S%-5
57,900,000
175,630,000
Haiti
1914-15
30,373,000
2%-5
5,724,000
6 164 000
India, British
1917-18
1,554,388,000
3 -3%
481,155,000
480,496,000
Italy
1916-17
9,270,986,000
3 -6
1,031,585,000
3,395 835 000
Japan
1918-19
1,244,375,000
4 -5
410,006,000
1918-19
27,520,000
27 520 000
Chosen
1918-19
46,652,000
5 -6%
32,122,000
32,122,000
Liberia
1915-16
1,658,000
5
295,000
282 000
Luxemburg-
Miontenegro
1917-18
1914-15
1914
8,831,000
377,333.000
1,218,000
3%
2 -5
5
3,606,000
72,687,000
1,900,000
6,971,000
75,798,000
• 2,455,000
Dutch East Indies. .
Dutch West Indies.
1918
1918
1918
91.'871,'000
3 -5
114,842,000
155,200,000
134,490,000
175,901,000
1917-18
122 075 000
3 -6
oVfi'so'ooo
1 1 s'^^fi'onn
Peru
1918
1918
12,045,000
3 -7
2,505,000
2,764,000
1917-18
1 059*588 000
3 -5
7^ 841 1 Oftft
"7^'!i<in'nnn
Colonies
1917-18
so'fiO"'ooo
^<*'si noon
1916-17
355,194,000
4 -5
lt?4<6°4'oOO
1 24fi'>4'oon
Bussia
Serbia
Siam
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Union of South Africa
United kingdom
Br. colonies, n.e.s..
United States
Philippine islands..
Uruguay
1915
1914
1917-18
1917
1918
1918
1916-17
1917-18
1918
1916-17
1917-18
1916
1917-18
1917-18
22,774.330,000
126,232,000
32,935,000
1.964,206,000
249,298,000
205,439,000
1,459,286,000
756,444,000
36,391,132.000
237.227,000
17,005,431.000
20,301,000
155.655.000
29,824,000
3 -6
2 -5
4%
4 -5
3 -5
3%-5
3%-5
3 -5
2%-6
3 -4
2 .4%
|»4)
L482'3761000
41.364,000
27,004,000
304,020,000
180,901,000
37,345.000
97,663,000
88,668,000
3,969.847,000
164.561,000
4,174,011,000
14.811,000
30.453,000
8,515,000
41.*364!oOO
27,004,000
38.923,000
180,901,000
48,799,000
272,973,000
90,075,000
13,221,210,000
140,029,000
8,966,532,000
12,492.000
30,525,000
8,515,000
Total „
199,123,787.000
.....j
21,366,499,000
63.137,919,000
PEB CAPITA.
Expend!-
In- .
Argentina
$43 60 $63 (
)9 $19
Debt. terest.
Commonwealth of Australia...
!New Zealand. „
.. 73.36 8l'l
.. 104.89 134.]
§7!2H 79^29 ]
4.62 63.32
96.29 14.'01
53.22 18.56
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
165-
Expendi-
In-
Country.
Imports. Exports. Reven
ue. ture. Debt.
terest.
Austria Hungary
$17.06 $5.87 $3.(
6 $3.06 $19.87
$0.92
Austria
31.*
7 156.28 510.60
20.ia
Hungary
32.*
9 32.64 380.14
16.23
Belgium
127.26 93.65 20.C
5 20.33 107.80
5.48
Kongo, Belgian
1.43 .77
'5 .84 3.65
.18
Bolivia
3.04 12.83 l.£
6 3.04 7.17
.67
Brazil
8.16 10.98 6.4
4 7.32 43.15
1.51
Bulgaria
6.97 6.28 16.8
3 16.77 59.38
4.48
Canada
Central American states: Costa
116.30 184.07 30.18 56.17 159.10
Rica 14.98 23.23 9.67 9.64 45.93
m
Guatemala
4.03 5.01 1.5
7 1.07 7.66
Honduras
10.45 5.59
0 7.30 232.67
.13
Nicaragua
9.08 8.49 3.2
7 28.14 20.41
.96
Panama
20.44 12.68 7.J
9 7.99 15.94
Salvador
4.46 7.84 4.3
4 4.31, 8.56
.47
Chile
31.95 66.30 17.J
0 15.30 58.31
4.04
China
1.72 1.45 .8
7 .95 3.28
.29
Colombia
5.27 5.63 3J
4 3.04 4.08
.69
Cuba
97.44 135.40 23.8
8 27.00 25.08
2.30-
Denmark
72.97 71.59 17.6
8 11.93 54.05
2 20
Dominican Republic
24.00 30.96 4.£
6 4.07 18.88
2.115
Ecuador
3.50 6.46 3.(
2 3.92 12.48
.78
Egypt —
11.93 14.73 7.6
8 7.68 36.29
r.si
Sudan
3 87 3 33
France
133.95 29.23 32.24 256.85 716.93
28.89-
Algeria
12.94 16.40 4.5
4.58 6.25
.73
Tunis
14.04 12.42 6.£
5 6.07 35.30
'1.47
French Indo-China
2.67 3.24 2.6
0 2.60 2.79
.13
French colonies (n.e.s.)
2.87 2.53 l.£
5 1.35 2.36
.09
German empire
... 17.7
0 123.33 514.81
20.80
German customs union
37.66 31.31 22.8
0 22.52 56.64
2.50
German States
22.8
8 22.60 56.85
2.50
German colonies
2.60 2.20 1.0
9 2.70 2.48
.19
Greece
6.91 4.76 11.7
0 35.48 52.47
2.48
Haiti
4.37 6.91 2.2
§2.47 12.15
1.61
India, British
1.54 2.40 1.5
1.52 4.93
.16
Italy
40.65 11.87 28.1
0 92.49 252.50
11.07
Eritrea
10 13 6 00 ....
Libia
5 11 69
Japan (including Pescadores)..
8.84 13.60 7.07 7.07 2T746
1.20
Formosa
14.47 8.53 7.4
7.42
Chosen
2.19 1.67 1.8
0 1.90 2.76
.23
Liberia
94 .74 .2
0 .19 1.11
.55
Mexico
6.00 8.38 4.6
1 4.89 24.34
1.00
Montenegro
3.79 1.11 4.3
5 5.62 2.79
.14
7 44 1 22
Netherlands
. 128.90 106.82 17.45 20.43 115.83
2.81
Dutch East Indies
3.12 6.36 3.2
4 3.67 1.92
.06-
Dutch possessions in America
i 28.80 28.44 9.7
7 15.14
Norway
..... 144.59 104.20 41.3
1 47.13 48.65
2.50
Paraguay
4.49 4.69 2.5
1 2.76 12.05
.77
Persia *
4 34 3 52
Peru
11.33 15.64 3.34 3.34 5.86 .09
Portugal (inc. Madeira and Az
ores) 12.57 4.00 12.7
3 12.66 177.84
5.03
Portuguese colonies
2.80 2.57 3.3
0 3.65
Roumania
15.17 17.24 16.6
0 16.60 47.31
2.34
Russia
3.22 1.13 8.1
4 33.12 125.01
2.04
Finland
34.07 15.07 11.5
6 11.71 10.56
.47
Serbia
4.43 3.52 8.£
5 8.60 27.31
1.92
Siam
4.07 5.10 3.C
6 3.06 3.73
.16
Spain
10.02 14.94 14.C
7 17.80 94.75
4.28
Sweden
5299 72.44 31.4
1 31.42 43.30
2.91
Switzerland
118.30 121.75 9.6
2 12.58 52.95
2.59
Turkey
9 07 4.98 4.5
9 12.83 68.59
4.34
Union of South Africa
25.59 18.99 13.4
2 13.63 114.46
4.77
United Kingdom
105.00 55.65 86.1
3 286.86 789.58
33.26
British colonies (n.e.s.) .'
12.09 12.51 3.5
4 3.01 5.10
.25
United States
27.62 54.75 39.1
3 84.07 159.45
6.14
Philippine Islands
9.30 12.94 1.6
4 1.39 2.25
.09
50 87 59 63
Uruguay
26.30 54.97 22.08 22.14 112.88
9.28
Venezuela
785 8.19 3.01 3.01 10.55
.60
FAMOUS WATERFALLS OF THE WORLD.
Height
Height
Height
Name and location. in fci.t.
Name and location. in f et.
Name and location.
in feet.
Gavarnie, France 1,385
Sohauffhausen. Switzerl'd 100
Yellowstone (lower) ,Moi
it. 310
Grand. Labrador 2,000
Skjaeggedalsfos, Norway 530
Ygnassu, Brazil
.. 210
Minnehaha, Minnesota... 50
Shoshone, Idaho 210
Yosemite (upper). Cali
!. 1,436
Missouri, Montana 90
Staubbach, Switzerland. .1,000
Yosemite (middle), Cali
f. 626
Montmorenci, Quebec 265
Stirling, New Zealand... 500
Yosemite (lower), Calil
.. 400
Multnomah, Oregon 850
Sutherland, New Zealand 1,904
Vettis. Norway
Murchison. Africa 120
Takkakaw, British Col. .1,200
Victoria, Africa
. 400
Niagara. New York-Ont.. 164
Twin. Idaho 180
Voringf os, Norway
.. 600
Rjukan. (Norway 780
Yellowstone (upper) .Mont. 110
166
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
NATIONAL POSTAL STATISTICS.
[From report compiled by bureau of statistics, Washington, D. C.]
Country.
Year.
...1918
Post-
offices.
No.
3,431
8,565
2,379
10,826
6.610
1,708
51
413
3,636
504
13,057
208
382
Postal
routes.
Miles.
51,284
147,427
Service
performed.
Miles.
26,649,956
42,885,944
Value money
, orders
Domestic.
$24. 865, 659
71,365,427
13.723,251
362,425,277
263,780,905
98,924.457
1,269.627
602,914
13,043,364
7.700,072
88,548,533
188,397
and postal
sent v
Foreign.
5243,282
4,312,989
2.607,624
73,068,222
57.834,624
12.333.540
50.675
1917
...1918
...1914
1914
111.221
50,921
5,828
28.405
13,867
§8:88
33,363
63,005,378
57,768,029
74,307,186
1,663,486
619,314
...1914
...1916
Bolivia
..1917
1917
1,193,782
2,342,889
18,688,289
3,722
...1916
7,904.909
61,818,400
.. 1916
1915
. 19(17
280
135
96
117
927
12,508
843
658
1,734
92
194
2,120
2,445
15.769
688
476
339
576
51,573
220
1,342
88
20.030
6,387
8,302
159
526
139
2,90.1
56
1,607
496
17
3.758
385
205
684
6.155
439
3,107
19.104
1,556
285
6,952
4,300
4,375
1,358
2,522
24,509
2,761
55,330
589
88
995
296
590
68,566
1,085
1913
1916
1915
1,848
32,712
153,037
36.601
8,861,979
79,398.571
143'.806
Chile
...1916
4,253,405
6,538,971
578,838
..1916
. 1915
1916
5,324
7,125
i-JiSiSii
...1917
1916
100,917,316
2,439,026
1917
Egypt
...1916
7,297
6,455,581
26,173.567
20,363,655
753,037,672
104.136,982
6,712,873
9,766,266
10,520.762
2,044,009,394
26,299,086
3,236,816
1,829,330
4,286,393
20,645.171
628,610
5,756,432
684,774
2.979,146
57,694,974
453,198
Finland
1916
...1914
81,792
9,083
5.743
21.197
43.611
91,276
166,598,520
7,844,623
3,265,685
7,927,906
5,003,148
...1914
...1918
1918
Colonies
...1914
...1914
1914
1913
Haiti ....
.. 1915
107,079
434,023.374
88,804,631
India British
1917
157,657
50,649
174,940,133
1,238,683,414
154,688.697
7.695,092
28,170,790
5,249.237
24,218,667
3,714,375
1,156,919
24,155,178
3,082
45,023
6,908,457
4,558,442
Italy'
...1917
1917
1917
8,668
18.102
662
51.679
.1918
8,800.289
62)1,717
23,121,371
1914
Mexico
...1914
.. 1914
1917
9,992
67,320
12,993,791
10,252.403
56.021,426
16,686.618
170,190
35,666,318
2,761,241
1,596,342
387,806
2,726.351
...1917
1915
1916
52,136
17,001.683
Paraguay
...1915
Persia
. . 1913
10,634
17,984
24,539
61,933
68,093
229,378
2,121
4,954
59.179
73,502
8,603
24,145
8,621
3,390,285
2,045,692
15,394.571
3,197.169
21,067.139
101.805,947
869.707
474,088
3i.302.665
19,072,794
7.236.293
13,734,812
1.270
5.318
62il,064
756,843
3,532,869
7,417,091
647,989
49,299
'2.962.446
12,400,852
211,243
2,467,997
14,548,655
Peru
1916
181,338
14,651,201
928,925
15,661,803
1, 615, 664, 531
7,080,257
531,817
26,632,347
148,339.897
270,145.240
34.144,740
19,661,935
421,553,365
Portugal
...1913
Colonies
...1913
1914
Russia
...1916
Serbia
...1934
Siarn . .
1916
1917
Sweden
. 1917
Switzerland
1917
Turkey
...1916
Union of South Africa..
...1918
1916
1911
United States
.. 1916
444,279
616,460,122
822,679.623
32,284,183
1916
Porto Rico
1916
Uruguay
...1915
24.448
3.056,360
6,935.871
241,306
Venezuela
...1917
Total 324,869 2,513,997 2,061,384.862 9,342,384,506 398.748,033
NATIONAL RAILWAY AND TELEGRAPH STATISTICS.
[From report compiled by bureau of statistics, Washington, D. C.]
Country.
Year.
Argentina 1918
Australia 1917
New Zealand 1918
Austria 1914
Hungary 1914
Rail-
ways.
Miles.*
21,880
24.769
2.983
15,739
13.589
Tele-
graphs.
Miles. t
164,461
133,491
50,322
168,059
99,862
Country. Year.
Belgium 1914
Kongo 11916
Bolivia 1917
Brazil 1917
Bulgaria 1916
Rail-
ways.
Miles.*
5,451
1.020
1,354
17,477
1,824
Tele-
graphs.
Miles. t
28.014
1.782
5.562
73.124
11.653
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
167
Rail- Tele-
ways, graphs.
Country. Year. Miles* Miles.f
Canada 1916 37 434 206 575
Rail- Tele-
ways, graphs.
Country. Year. Miles* Miles.f
Mexico 1914 15 840 68,727
Costa Rica ..1915 438 1.521
Montenegro ..: 1914 11 528
Guatemala 1915 613 4 045
Netherlands 1917 2 113 26 668
Honduras 1917 360 4.281
East Indies 1917 1,730 21,503
Nicaragua .. 1913 200 3 637
Poss in America. ..1915 117
Panama 1916 301 3,618
Norway 1916 1929 15151
Salvador . ...1915 267 2,412
Paraguay . ...1915 255 2,485
Chile ...1916 5105 32942
Persia 1913 34 10754
Colombia 1915 708 11 72-1
Peru 1916 1 724 78 510
China . ...1916 6467 56280
Portugal 1913 1,854 13415
€uba . 1916 2 359 6 184
Colonies 1913 1 069 11 941
Denmark . 1917 2 556 8 442
Roumania 1914 2 382 16 039
Dominican Rep 1916 408 1071
.Russia 1916 48955 537208
Ecuador 1917 365 4 370
Serbia 1914 977 6 421
Egypt 1916 4,416 25766
Siam 1916 1.210 6,204
Finland 1916 2 527
Spain .. . 1917 9354 65441
France . . 1914 31 958 152,192
Sweden 1917 9303 40,912
Algeria 1914 2793 25243
Switzerland 1917 3660 23108
Tunis 1918 1 232 5 596
Turkey 1916 3 842 44 206
Indo-China 1918 1282 19746
Union of So. Africa... 191 8 10,021 54,031
United Kingdom 1916 23,709 264,480
Colonies 1914 8 128 45 952
Colonies ... 1914 1 948 25 622
German Empire 1914 39 600 475 551
Colonies .. 1914 2866 8719
United States 1916 266031 1,627342
Greece 1913 1 396 10,253
Philippines 1916 757 6218
Haiti ...1915 140 124
Porto Rico 1916 340 1.545
India British 1917 36286 337720
Uruguay . ...1915 11601 6344
Italy . 1917 11 891 218,521
Venezuela 1917 633 5.443
Japan 1917 7 690 116 339
Formosa . 1917 319 2 760
Total 729845 5816219
Chosen 19U8 1 092 14 822
•Miles of line. fMiles of wire.
Luxemburg1 1914 *326 1514
TELEGRAPH STATISTICS
[From reports of fe<
The figures are for the year ending Dec. 31,
1912, and cover commercial operating companies
only.
LAND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.
OF THE UNITED STATES.
leral census bureau.]
Net income $4738
Expenses, total $664420
General operations and maintenance.. $588,712
Interest and taxes $7 826
All other expenses $67 882
Miles of pole line ." . . *247 528
Assets, total $10 377*197
Miles of single wire owned and leased tl,814,196
Number of messages . . . J103 536 418
Construction and equipment $1 205770
Cash and current assets $9171427
Liabilities, total $10 377 197
Income total . $56 293 469
Capital stock $9 602 570
Telegraph traffic $52337211
Floating debt and mortgages $18,483
All other sources $3956258
Accounts payable $583,160
Net income for the year . . §$3 431 044
Profit and loss surplus $172.984
Expenses total $52 862 425
Capitalization — Stock outstanding, par $9,602,570
Average number employes 958
General operation and maintenance.. $39,067,011
Salaries and wages $393606
All other expenses. $11 054 587
•Includes 5,013 land messages sent over a leased
land wire bv a wireless company doing land
telegraph business also.
OCEAN CABLE SYSTEMS (U. S.).
Number of companies or systems* 7
Nautical miles of ocean cable* 67676
Number of messages* f5 841 280
Income, total $8469374
Telegraph traffic $8.065,798
All other sources $403576
Assets total $191516700
Construction and equipment $143 910 631
Stocks and bonds $17122.592
Cash and current assets $29672528
Profit and loss deficit $810.949
Liabilities, total $191,516.700
Capital stock $104.274,435
Funded debt : $34.741.000
Reserves $5,254.329
Dividends, taxes and interest $1,460.733
Sundries $23.447.146
Profit and loss surplus $10.163.619
Net surplus $9.352.670
Capitalization— Stock outstanding, par 104,274.435
Dividends on stock $3,139.861
Net income $2.952.847
Interest and taxes $1.214554
All other expenses $293755
Assets, total $107,583,155
Funded debt $34,741,000
Average number employes 35,639
Stocks and bonds, treasury stock, etc. $16,811,087
Cash and current assets $12.635.953
•Exclusive of pole line wholly used by rail-
roads. tDoes not include 22.816 nautical miles of
ocean cable operated by one land telegraph com-
pany. Exclusive also of 314,329 miles of wire
wholly owned and operated by railway com-
panies for their own business. {Does not include
land messages sent over its 207 miles of leased
land wire by a wireless company, nor ocean cable
messages. §Exclusive of ocean cable messages.
WIRELESS TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.
Liabilities, total $107 583 155
Capital stock $55489400
Funded debt and reserves $43 549*451
Accounts parable.. .. .. $1459797
Dividends due and sundries $587,229
Profit and loss surplus $6497278
Capitalization— Stock outstanding, par $55.4S9.400
Dividends on stock $3040200
Average number employes 1 656
Salaries and wages . . $1 167 014
*Includes returns for Western Union Telegraph
company, but no segregation could be made of
financial statistics or employes for the cable
business of this company. tNumber for one com-
pany estimated by company reoortir*:.
Number of messages. .. . *285 091
Number of tower stations . °74
168
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
WESTERN UNION STATISTICS.
Miles of wires. Offices. Receipts.
Expenses. Profits.
$18 593 206 $6 165 364
1910 1429049 24 8°5 33889202
26 614 302 7 274 900
1917 . .1.626,963 25.466 78,480.223
62.783.006 15.697.217
UNITED STATES TELEPHONE STATISTICS.
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM STATISTICS.
[From annual report lor years ending Dec. 31, 1917 and 1918.]
1917.
351,222
Total miles pole lines.
Miles underground
conduit 51,208
Miles underground
wire 13,451,121
Miles sub marine
wire 46,868
Miles aerial wire 9,112.498
Total miles wire 22,610,487
Comprising- toll wire.. 3,088,808
Comprising exchange
wire 19,521,679
Total 22,610,487
Miles of phantom
circuit 281,016
Total exchange circuits 3,706,682
Number central offices 5,676
Number of Bell
stations (owned) 7,031,530
Number of Bell
connected stations... 3,444,148
Total stations 10,475,678
Number of employes.. 192,364
Number of connecting
lines 31,428
Exchange c o n nec-
tions daily 30,845,153
Toll connections daily. 1,009.205
*July 31, 1918.
Assets— Balance Sheet (1918.)
Stock of associated companies. $537,761, 845.61
Bonds and notes of associ-
ated companies ._104,256,700.00
Total .""642,018,545.61
Telephones 18,988.928.58
Real estate 509.267.36
Office furniture and fixtures... 288.162.33
Long1 lines telephone plant 75.450,890.20
1918.
354,936
62,010
13,967,496
53,361
9,260.293
23,281,150
3,333,920
19,947,230
23,281,150
305.400
3,763.689
5,742
7.201,757
3.790,568
10,992,325
*199,914
35,393
»31,263,611
*1,045,903
Total 95,237.248.53
Trustees— Employes stock pur-
chase plan 1,226,000.25
Special demand notes , 21,583.412.10
Current accounts receivable...
Accounts receivable — in sus-
pense
Deferred assets* ._
Total .
7.469,934.16
15,300,559.04
1.002.156.16
45,356,062.36
5.642,974.94
Temporary cash investments..
Cash and deposits 31.675J902.78
Total 37,318.877.72
Grand total 821,156,734.47
Liabilities—
Capital stock 441.947,100.00
Capital stock installments..... 238.00
Total 441,947,338.00
Bonds 230.335,024,04
Notes payable to bankers 4,000,000.00
Divid'd payable Jan. 15, 1919 8,838.942.00
Interest and taxes accrued 4,775,914.15
Current accounts payable 1,944,742.06
Total i T5.559. 598721
Employes Benefit Fund 2,000,000.00
Reserve for depreciation and
contingencies 43,900,076.83
Surplus (including capital
Btock premiums and exclud-
i n g debt discount and
expense) 83.414.697.43
Total $821,156,734.47
*Cash turned over to Postmaster General as
working capital.
Revenues and Expenses.
For seven months ending July 31, 1918.
Exchange revenues $127,859,363
Toll revenues 52,938,341
Miscellaneous revenues 2.005,326
Total operating revenues 182,803,030
Depreciation 27,555,197
Current maintenance 26,567,799
Traffic expenses 48,140,039
Commercial expenses 18,084,041
General and miscellaneous
expenses ... 8.899,376
Total operating expenses 129,246,452
Net operating revenues 53,556,578
Uncollectible revenues 768.167
Taxes 13,621,353
Operating- income 39,167058
Net non-operating revenues 5,128,757
Total gross income 44,295.815
Rent and miscellaneous deductions 2,686,813
Interest deductions 12.715.194
Total deductions 15,402,007
Balance net income 28,893,808
Deduct dividends 23,121,447
Surplus earnings 5,772,361
Revenue (Net) and Dividends.
Year. Revenue. Dividends.
1900 $5.486.058 $4,078,601
1901 7.398.286 5,050.024
1902 7.835,272 6,584.404
1903 10,564.665 8.619,151
1904 11.275,702 9.799.118
1905 13.034.038 9.866,355
1906... . 12,970.937 10.195.233
1907 16.269,388 10.943.644
1908 18.121,707 12,459,156
1909 23.095.389 17.036.276
1910 26,855,893 20,776,822
1911 27.733,265 22.169.450
1912 32.062.945 26,015.588
1913 32,920,090 27,454.037
1914 32.334.814 27.572.675
1915 34.618.638 29.100.591
1916 38.013.277 31.122,187
1917 38.471.106 32.481.614
1918 43,901.322 35,229.699
GOVERNMENT CENSUS STATISTICS.
Miles
Year. wire. Telephones. Messages.*
Bell system... 1912 15,133,186 5,087,027 9,133.226,836
1907 8,947,266 3,132,063 6,401.044.799
1902 3,387.924 1,317,178 3.074.530.060
Other systems.1912 5,115,140 3.642.565 4.602.431,409
1907 4,052,098 2,986.515 3,999.389,159
1902 1,512,527 1,053.866 1,996.024.493
U't'd States. 1912 20.248.326 8,729,592 tl3.735,658.245
1907 12,999,364 6.118,578 tlO.400,433.958
1902 4,900,451 2,371.044 5,070.554.553
*The number of messages reported by the Bell
telephone system includes only completed calls,
while the figures for all other companies may
include some original calls not necessarily com-
pleted: such as calls that the operator reports
as "Line busy" or "Does not answer." tEx-
clusive of companies with an annual income of
less than $5.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
169
Establishments ......
Salaried employes...
Wage earners* ......
275,793
964,217
7,036.337
268,491
790,267
6,615,016
1880.
J253.852
1870.
$252.148
MANUFACTURES IN THE UNITED STATES.
[Bureau of census report, 1917.]
COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, 1870-1914.
1914. 1910. 1900. 1890.
207,514 J355,415
364.120 461,009 ............................
4,712.763 4,251,613 2,732,595 2,053.996
Capital ............... $22,790,980,000 $18,428,270,000 $8,975,256.000 $6,525,156.486 $2,750,272,606 $2,118,208,769
Expenses ............. $19,735,338.000 $18,454,090,000 $9.870.425,000 $8,076,485,640 ......................... ....
Salaries ............ $1,287,917.000 $938,575.000 $380,771,000 $391,988.208 ............................
Wages .............. $4,079,332,000 $3,427,038.000 $2,008.361,000 $1,831,225*. 321 $947,953,795 $775,584,343
Materials ........... $14,368,089,000 $12,142,791.000 $6.575,851,000 $5.162,044,076 $3,396,823,549 $2,448,427,242
Miscellaneous ..................... $1.945,686.000 $905,442,000 $631,225.035 ............................
Value of productst. $24.246,323.000 $20.672.052.000 $11,406.927.000 $9,372.437.283 $5.369.579.191 $4.232.325,442
'Average number. tGross value at factory. Included neighborhood hand and building trades;
not included in 1900 and 1910. /
NOTE— The years are census years. The statistics are for the preceding calendar year in each case.
Decade.
1849-1859.
1859-1869.
1869-1879.
1889-1899..
1899-1909..
1909-1914*.
PER CENT INCREASE BY DECADES.
Ma- Products. Value
teri.ils. a.ldel
85.8 85.0 84.1
93.0 79.5 63.3
90.6 74.5 41.4
52.0 74.5 113.4
42.3 38.7 34.3
84.6 81.2 76.6
18.3 17.3 15.8
14.1
79.6
0.7
40.0
44.1
29.4
2.7
89.4 37.0 60.0
67.8 56.6 63.8
64.7 33.0 52.8
133.8 55.6 99.5
50.4 24.8 22.7
105.3 40.4 70.6
23.7 6.4 19.0
*Five year period.
BANK OF LEADING INDUSTRIES IN 1914.
r-Rank according to-^
Industry. *Men.tuatcria)8;product
Slaughtering, meat packing 19
Iron and steel 5
Flour and grist mills 42
Foundries, machine shops 3
Lumber and timber 1 11
Cotton goods 2
Cars ... 4 17 7
Automobiles 22 9
Boots and shoes 689
Newspapers, periodicals 15
Bread, bakery products 13
Clothing, women's 8 15 12
Clothing, men's 7 18 13
Copper, smelting, refining 74 5 14
Liquors, malt 24 30 15
Petroleum, refining 59
Woolen, worsted goods 9 16 17
Leather 25 10 18
Electrical machinery 14 23 19
Paper and wood pulp 21
Blast furnaces 50 13 21
Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes.. 10 29 22
Planing mill products 20 21 23
Book, job printing 16 39 24
Sugar refining 101 14 25
Furniture 12 33 26
Hosiery, knit goods 11 26 27
Silk goods 17 27 28
Butter 87 20 29
Rubber goods, n. e. s 31 32 30
Gas 38 43
Food preparations, n. e. s 70 25 32
Oil, cotton seed, cake 65 22 33
Liquors, distilled 155 68 34
Cars§ 27 28 35
Tobacco, chewing, smoking 58 44
Lead, smelting, refining 137 24 37
Confectionery 28 38 38
Agricultural implements 33 45 39
Brass, bronze, copper 41 35 40
Structural ironwork 35 42 41
Chemicals 46 40 42
Fertilizers 62 36 43
Coffee, spice, roasting 126 34 44
Canning, preserving 30 37 45
Brick, tile, terra cotta 18 65 46
Automobile bodies, parts 34 49 47
Soap 86 41 48
Glass 23 63 49
Millinery, lace goods 37 51 50
*Wage earners. tCost of. JValue of. §Cars
and general shop construction by steam railroad
companies.
INDUSTRIES BY GROUPS (1914).
Group. Capital. Product.
Food ...$2,174,387,000 $4,816,709,000
Textiles 2.810,848.000 3,414,615.000
Iron and steel 4,281,998,000 3,223,144,000
Lumber 1,723,456.000 1,599.710,000
Leather . . 743,347,000 1,104,595.000
Paper and printing.... 1,433,176.000 1,456,046,000
Liquors, beverages 1,015,715,000 772,080,000
Chemicals 3,034,209,000 2,001,634,000
Stone, clay, glass 987,328,000 614,162,000
Metals (not iron and
steel) 1,013,632,000 1,417,042,000
Tobacco 303,840,000 490,165,000
Vehicles, land transport 803,496,000 1,034.497,000
Railroad repair shops.. 417,706,000 552,618.000
Miscellaneous 2,047,842,000 1,74"9,418,000
All industries 22,790,980,000 24,246,435,000
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES.
Industry. Capital. Product.
Aeroplanes and parts.. $401,000 $790,000
Agricultural implements 338,532,000 164,087,000
Ammunition 37,454,000
Artificial flowers 3,349,000
Artificial limbs 1,003,000
Artists' materials 2,947,000
Asbestos products 3,520,000
Belting, hose, rubber... 22,437,000
Boots, shoes, rubber... 46,051,000
Brooms
Brushes
Buttons
Combs, hairpins
Dairy, poultry, apiary
supplies 21,281,000
Dental goods 10,949,000
Electrical machinery...
Enameling
Engravers' materials...
Fancy articles, n. e. s.
Feathers, plumes
Fire extinguishers, chem.
Fireworks
Foundry supplies
Fuel, manufactured
Fur goods
Furs, dressed
Graphite, refined
Hair work
Hand stamps
Hat, cap materials
Hats, straw .»
Housefurnishing goods.
Ice, manufacture
Instruments, scientific
etc 16,742,000
Ivory, shell, bone work 1,160,000
Japanning 261,000
Jewelry, instrument,
cases 2,187,000
Lapidary work 3,613,000
Mittrosses, spring beds 24,922,000
Models, patterns (not
paper) 5.534,000
Mucilage and paste 3,550,000
Musical instruments.... 3,858,000
14,333,000
19,075.000
2,959,000
355,725,000
2,128,000
352,000
11,879,000
5,396,000
675.000
2,162,000
2,814,000
1,771,000
29,677,000
2.490,000
3,059,000
2,543,000
2,273,000
6,417,000
12,589,000
19,014,000
17
7,614.000
1,498.000
3,238,000
2.814,000
23,561,000
53,822,000
14,085,000
17,894,000
20,712.000
5,478,000
18.950,000
16,160,000
335,170,000
2,166,000
768,000
17,659,000
11,451,000
1,298.000
2,296,000
2,013,000
863,000
43,633.000
2,875.000
1,724,000
3,335,000
3,383,000
25,444,000
26,453,000
60,386,000
17,495,000
1,896,000
381,000
3,621,000
5,360,000
38,717,000
8,605.000
5.695.000
3.625,000
170
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Industry.
Musical instruments,
Capital.
$8,042,000
101,746,000
21,201,000
17,011,000
57,432,000
10,670,000
3,270,000
33,771,000
4,397,000
31,991,000
3,232,000
23,645,000
199,183,000
5,279,000
132,712,000
23,348,000
21,288,000
10,419,000
8,468,000
18,186,000
17,708,000
863,000
11,883,000
266,000
10,484,000
9,649,000
7,298,000
3,050,000
6,426,000
11,526,000
3,481,000
Product.
$6,297,000
62,775,000
19,876,000
18,188,000
35,678,000
8,328,000
6,875,000
27,116,000
4,273.000
34,768,000
4,220,000
27,978,000
223,611,000
4,328,000
66,217,000
22,465,000
24,792,000
8,781,000
13,235,000
21,903,000
14,213,000
1,103,000
14,920,000
327,000
13,757,000
13,813,000
7,600,000
3,162,000
5,497,000
17,444,000
1,104,000
State.
West Virginia
Capital.
$175 995 000
Product.
S193.512.000
695,172,000
11,224,000
Wisconsin
. 754,287,000
Musical instruments,
Wyoming
Total, 1914...
29,270,000
Piano, organ materials
Optical goods
.22,790,980.000
24,246,435,000
Total, 1909 :.
Total, 1904
.18,428,270,000
12 675 581 000
20,672,052,000
14,793,903,000
(1914).
Product.
$122,292,000
25,211,000
41,279,000
215,172,000
23,248,000
98,234,000
18,360,000
43,144,000
284,802,000
85,126,000
247,516,000
71,824,000
57,484.000
43,713,000
34,989,000
21,021,000
1,483,498,000
28,869,000
210,860,000
352,418,000
57,608,000
31,065,000
71,071,000
46,982,000
400,348,000
19,729,000
41,624,000
26,905,000
31,228,000
29,447,000
31,427,000
64,663,000
23,983,000
53,375,000
30,205,000
49,792,000
20,584,000
42,831,000
23,461,000
44,041,000
25,868,000
139,700,000
164,528,000
50,974,000
30,091,000
20,214,000
159,700,000
60,953,000
28,341,000
26,984,000
73,178,000
29,110,000
103,458,000
105,223,000
56,049,000
69,783,000
50,800,000
33,743,000
39,133,000
16,746,000
223,555,000
187,854,000
19,125.000
33,276,000
210,601,000
65,575,000
38.385,000
57,752,000
60,814,000
2,292,832,000
44,817,000
66,438,000
28,522,000
53,268.000
78.439.000
Paving materials
MANUFACTURES
City.
IN CITIES
Capital.
Pens, 'fountain, stylo-
Phonographs
Photographic apparatus
Materials
Albany, N. Y
26,560,000
Pipes, tobacco
Roofing materials
Rubber goods, n. e. s.
Sand and emery paper.
Shipbuilding, iron, steel
Shipbuilding, wood
Signs, adv. novelties..
Soda water apparatus..
Sporting goods
Stationery goods, n. e. s.
Baltimore, Md
177 301 000
Battle Creek, Mich...
Bayonne, N. J
19,893,000
92 752 000
Binghamton, N. Y
Birmingham, Ala
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport Conn.
18,237,000
55,844,000
215,177,000
81 483 000
Buffalo, N. Y
243 290 000
Camden, N. J .
101 461 000
Cambridge, Mass..
48,999,000
Canton, O
37,986,000
Surgical appliances
Theatrical scenery
Cedar Rapids, Iowa...
Chester, Pa
20,322,000
25,148,000
Toys and games
Umbrellas and canes...
Washing machines, etc.
Whips
Chicopee, Mass
Cincinnati O.
23,501,000
157 468 000
Cleveland, O
. 312,909,000
Windmills
Window shades
All other
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, O
23,489,000
71,541,000
Total
MANUFACTURES
State.
2,047,842,000
BY STATES
Capital.
$227,505,000
40,300,000
77,162,000
736,106,000
1,749,418.000
(1914).
Product.
$178,798,000
64,090,000
83,940,000
712,801,000
136,839,000
545,472,000
56,035,000
28,978,000
81,112,000
253,271,000
28,454,000
2,247,323,000
730,795,000
310,750,000
323,234,000
230,249,000
255,313,000
' 200,450,000
377,749,000
1,641,373,000
1,086,163,000
493,354,000
79,550,000
637,952,000
84,446,000
221,616,000
16,083,000
182,844.000
1,406,633,000
9,320,000
3,814,661,000
289,412,000
21,147,000
1,782,808,000
102,006,000
109,762,000
2,832,350,000
279,546,000
138,891,000
24,139,000
212,071,000
361,279,000
87,112,000
76,991,000
264,039,000
245,326,000
Detroit, Mich...
Duluth, Minn
East Chicago, Ind
East St. Louis, 111....
Elizabeth, N. J.
. 293,493,000
19,617,000
38,706,000
28,322,000
32 244 000
Erie Pa
38 530 000
Evansville, Ind
24 666 000
Fall River Mass
89 290 000
California
Fitchburg, Mass
24 881 000
181,776,000
620,194,000
69,394,000
40,810,000
88,319,000
258,326,000
44,961,000
1,943,836,000
668,863,000
233,128,000
163,790,000
193,423,000
261,635,000
233,844,000
293,211,000
Flint Mich.
27 151 000
Connecticut
Fort Wavne, Ind
31 167 000
Grand ' Rapids, Mich...
Hammond, Ind
46,843,000
24,042,000
53 895 000
District of Columbia...
Hartford, Conn .
Hoboken N J
19 771 000
Idaho
Holyoke, Mass
51,668,000
25 443 000
Illinois
Indianapolis, Ind..
87 569 000
Jersey City, N. J
Johnstown, Pa
. 150,783,000
36 707 000
Kansas
Joliet 111
28 998 000
Kalamazoo, Mich
Kansas City, Kas
Kansas Citv, Mo
18,529,000
56.012,000
53,341,000
26 530 000
Maine . ...
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
1,396,722,000
869,143,000
354,434,000
81,006,000
522,548,000
79,246,000
121,008,000
13,591,000
156.749.000
1,352,382,000
8,984,000
3,334,278,000
Kenosha, Wis....
23,174.000
99,640,000
38 360 000
Minnesota
Lawrence, Mass
Lorain 0
Mississippi
Missouri
Los Angeles, Cal... .
101 681 000
Louisville Ky
89 957 000
Nebraska
Lowell, Mass
Lvnn Mass..
68,715,000
44 253 000
Nevada .
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Manchester, N. H
McKeesport, Pa
33,469,000
42,482,000
44,435,000
19 757 000
New York
Meriden, Conn... .
North Carolina. ...
253,842,000
14,213,000
1,677,552,000
65,478,000
139,500,000
3,149,411,000
308.445,000
203,211,000
Milwaukee Wis
240,780,000
. 109.040,000
34,179,000
28,966,000
214,169,000
88,244,000
26,872,000
65,746.000
53,989,000
1,026,104,000
64,221,000
51 264 000
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Minneapolis, Minn
Moline, 111
Nashville, Tenn
Newark N J.
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
New Bedford, Mass....
New Castle, Pa
New Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La
New York, N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y...
Omaha Neb
South Dakota
Tennessee
15,060,000
211,423,000
283,544,000
71,843,000
79,847,000
261,501,000
277,715,000
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Oakland Cal
36,411,000
48,659,000
74,161,000
Virginia .
Passaic ' N J
Washington
Paterson, N. j ..
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
171
City.
Pawtucket R I •
Capital.
$50 354 000
Product.
$42,029,000
City.
South Bend, Ind.
Capital.
$21 512 000
Product.
$31 180 000
Peoria 111
32,509,000
64,689,000
South Bethlehem. Pa...
68 793 000
40 179 000
Perth Amboy, N. J....
61,814,000
148,960,000
South Omaha, Neb
26,648,000
106,025,000
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh Pa
309,217,000
246,694,000
Springfield, Mass
18,891,000
45 753,000
16,636,000
44 429 000
Portland Ore
48 670 000
55,697,000
Springfield, O
32 401 000
27 72'* 000
119 673 000
115 335 000
Syracuse N Y
63 S^O 000
59 164 000
Racine Wis
67,635,000
43,632,000
Tacoma, Wash
28 287 000
27 708 000
45 334 000
53 232 000
Terre Haute Ind
13 920 000
25 699 000
39 940 000
69 491 000
Toledo O
91 149 000
115 049 000
Rochester' NY
127 489 000
140,697 000
Trenton, N. J
55 345 000
54 8°° 000
Rockford 111
38 853 000
26 371 000
Troy N Y
42 380 000
39 930 000
St. Paul, Minn
St. Louis. Mo
Salt Lake Citv Utah...
76,790,000
314,728,000
19,247,000
68,682,000
360,480,000
16,663 000
Utica, N. Y
Waterbury, Conn
Wheeling, W. Va
30,672,000
50,288,000
26 858,000
30,450,000
50,659,000
27 879 000
57 388 000
48 763 000
Wilkesbarre Pa
19 014 000
16 734 000
Scran ton Pa
25,152,000
28,722.000
Wilmington, Del
46 400,000
39 403 000
San Francisco, Cal
Seattle Wash
145,622,000
61 317 000
162,300,000
64 475 000
Winston-Salem, N. C...
Worcester Mas?,
25,703,000
79 243 000
37,288,000
82 829 000
21 481 000
17 509 000
Yonkers N Y
59 409 000
67 903 000
22 610 000
49 479 000
York P'a
29 362 000
22 043 000
20 896 000
43 971 000
130 102 000
99 in 000
GREAT OCEAN STEAMSHIPS.
Reg.L'th.B'th
Name. Ton'ge.Ft. Ft.
Leviathan 54.282 920100
Imperator 52,000 898 97
Europa 50,000 911 96
Aquitania 47.000 901 92
Olympic 45.000 890 92
Columbus 35.000 696 76
Mauretania 32.000 790 83
George Washington.25.570 722 78
K. Aug. Victoria.. 24. 581 677 77
Adriatic 24.541 726 75
Rotterdam 24.170 668 77
Baltic 23.876 726 75
France 23,666 720 75
America 22.622 687 74
Cedric 21.035 680 75
Celtic 20.904 680 75
Minnesota 20.718 622 73
Caronia 19.594 650 72
Carmnnia 19.524 650 72
Mt. Vernon 19.503 706 72
<5Dneas 19.500 500 60
Agamemnon 19.361 684 72
Lapland 18.694 620 70
President Lincoln.. 18,168 616 68
President Grant. ..18.072 616 68
Berlin 17.324 612 70
Pr. Fr. Wilhelm...l7.084 613 68
Cleveland 17,000 608 65
New Amsterdam. ..16. 697 600 69
Deutschland 16.502 661 67
Megantic 15.877 565 67
Republic 15.378 670 68
Von Steuben 14.908 637 66
La Provence 14.744 602 65
Nestor 14.500 500 66
Savannah 14.281 580 64
Empress of Britainl4.1S9 549 65
Ivernia 14.058 582 65
Canada 14.000 500 60
Name.
Reg.L'
Ton'ge
14.000
Verona ............. 14.000
Taormina .......... 14,000
Sant Anna ........ 14.000
Mongolia .......... 13.639
Carpathia ......... 13.603
Cretic .............. 13.507
Patricia ........... 13.424
Minnewaska ....... 13.401
Minnetonka ....... 13.398
Pennsylvania ...... 13.333
Andania ........... 13.300
Alaunia ............ 13.300
Pretoria ........... 13.234
Graf Waldersee ...13.193
Cymric ............. 13.096
Oceania ............ 13.000
Kenil worth Castle. 12.975
Campania .......... 12.950
,33olu& ........... ....13.102
Finland ............ 12.760
Kroonland ......... 12.760
Walmer Castle ---- 12.546
Noordam ........... 12.534
Rymlam ........... 12.527
Potsdam ........... 12.522
Suevic ............. 12.500
Runic .............. 12.482
Saxon .............. 12.385
Moltke ............. 12.335
Blueeher ........... 12,334
Ionic ............... 12,232
Corinthic .......... 12.231
Canopic ............ 12.097
Vaderland ......... 12.018
America ........... 12.000
Duca degli Abruzzil2.000
Duca d'Aosta ...... 12,000
Duca di Genova 1.. 12. 000
'th.B'
.Ft. I
485
til
't.
60
Name.
Cameronian
Reg.L'
Ton'ge
12 000
th.I
Ft.
540
t'th
Ft.
60
485
485
60
60
Frederick VIII
Bergensfjord ..
12.000
....12.000'
540
=>?<>
8
500
60
Medic
...11 985
550
63
600
65
Persic
... 11 973
550
63
540
W
Zeeland
11 905
561
60
582
560
60
6?
Haverf ord
St. Louis
....11.635
..11 629
531
5'5
59
63
600
66
St. Paul
11 629
5?5
63
600
66
Merion
...11 621
n?0
59
559
69
Bremen
....11 570
550
60
540
fi1
Batavia .... ..
...11 490
501
62
540
61
Corsican
...11 436
500
61
561
69
Romanic
11 394
550
59
561
6°
La Savoie ..
11 168
56?
60
585
61
La Lorraine
11 146
"fi?
60
477
^6
Chicago
11 103
59fi
57
• 570
fin
10 794
5°6
60
650
79
New York
10 798
517
63
560
578
62
60
Philadelphia ..
Virginian
....10.786
.. 10 754
527
5°0
63
60
560
60
Scotian ...
. 10 750
510
60
570
550
550
550
550
64
62
62
62
6?
Koenigin Luise
Huron
Koenig Albert
Victorian
10,711
....10.695
10,643
....10,629
10 606
523
523
499
520
510
60
60
60
60
59
550
6?
Tunisian
10 576
500
59
570
64
Hamburg
10 531
499
60
525
6?,
Marmora
.. 10 509
5?o
60
525
6?
Statendam
10 491
515
60
500
63
Devonian
...10 418
559
59
500
594
63
59
Winnifredian ..
Ultonia
10.405
.. 10 405
552
500
59
57
560
60
Bavarian
...10 387
501
59
506
56
Mniestic
... 10 147
565
58
476
54
Amazon
.. . 10 100
51"7
60
476
54
United States...
...10 091
515
gg
476
54
Helig Olav ..
...10.085
500
58
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION IN WASHINGTON.
The Smithsonian institution was established by
statute in 1846, under the terms of the will of
James Smithson, who bequeathed his fortune in
1826 to the United States for the "increase and
diffusion of knowledge among men." From the
income of the fund a building, known as the
Smithsonian building, was erected in Washing-
ton, D. C., on land given by the United States.
The institution is legally an establishment hav-
ing as its members th« president and vice-presi-
dent of the United States, the chief justice and
the president's cab'net. It is governed by a
board of regents consisting of the vice-president,
the chief justice, three members of the United
States senate, three members of the house of
representatives find six citizens appointed by
joint resolution of congress. It is under the im-
mediate direction of the secretary of the Smith-
sonian institution, who is the executive officer of
the board and the director of the institution's
activities. The institution aids investigators by
making grants for research and exploration, pro-
viding for lectures, initiating scientific projects
and publishing scientific papers. It has adminis-
trative charge of the national museum, the na-
tional gallery of art. the international exchange
service, the national zoological park, the astro-
physical observatory and the regional bureau for
the international catalogue of scientific litera-
ture. The institution's original endowment of
$541.000 has been increased by gifts and accu-
mulated interest. The secretary of the institu-
tion Is Charles D. Walcott.
172
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920
MINERAL PRODUCTS OF
THE UNITED
STATES.
[Prepared
by the United States geological survey.]
1916
Calendar years.
1917
Minerals.
Quantity. Value.
Quantity .""' Value.
833,900,000
$45.882,000
Asbestos
.short tons
1,479
448,214
1.683
506,056
.short tons
786.811
7,102,132
782,713
8,470.615
.short tons
221,952
1,011,232
206.888
1.171.184
4*25,100
2,296,400
568,690
3.119,058
Borax
.... pounds
103,525
2,409,451
108,875
3.609.632
95,394,433
104.689.090
91.342,930
123.210.458
Clay products
.short tons
207.260,091
248.023.368
Coal, anthracite
. . long tons
78,195.083
202.009,561
88.939.117
283.650.723
Coal, bituminous
.short tons
502.519,682
665,116,077
551.790.563
1,249.272.837
Coke
.short tons
54.533,585
170,841,197
55.606.828
298,243.017
1,927,850.548
474,288.000
1,886.120,721
514,911,000
Emery
.short tons
15.282
123.901
17.135
241,050
Feldspar
.short tons
132,681
702 278
141,924
728.838
Fluorspar
.short tons
155,735
922.654
218.828
2.287.722
Fuller's earth
.short tons
67.822
706.953
72.870
776.632
Garnet (abrasive) ....
.short tons
6.171
208.850
4,995
198.327
Gold (coining value) .
. . .troy oz.
4,479.056
92,590.300
4 051 440
83,750,700
Graphite (crystalline)
.... pounds
10,931,989
914,748
10.584.080
1,094.398
Grindstones
766,140
1,147.784
Gypsum
.short tons
2.757.730
7,959,032
2 096 226
10.495,343
.short tons
241,553
123 784
39,126,324
663,478.118
38.612,546
1,053.785,975
Iron ore
Lead
Manganese ore
Manganiferous ore. . .
.short tons
.short tons
.long tons
. .long tons
77.870.553
4.0831803
26.997
548,803
181.902.277
76.207.000
^8,618. 816
627,417
2,005,491
75,573.207
540.000
3.786.364
115.000
859.000
238.260,444
99.000,000
23.807.877
3.220,000
5,154,000
Mica, sheet
. . . .pounds
865.863
524.485
1.276.533
753.874
.short tons
4.433
69,906
3 429
52 908
.short tons
135,606
23,515.803
140 636
26 972 137
Mineral waters g
•aliens sold
55,928.461
5,735.035
46.784.419
4.931.710
Natural gas
120,227,468
140 000 000
Natural-gas gasoline. . .
gallons
103,492.689
14,331,148
217.884,104
40,188.950
Oilstones
154.573
168 704
300.767.158
1.982.385
330.899,868
5,896.993
335.315.601
2 584 287
522.635.213
7 771 084
Platinum
. . .troy oz.
28,088
2.307.762
38,831
4.023.757
Precious stones
217.793
131 012
.short tons
33.320
35 °93
84 814
Pyrite
Quartz (silica)
.short tons
423,556
88.514
1,965.702
242,786
462.662
14° 673
2.845,435
318 069
•Quicksilver
:Salt
Silver (com. value)..
flasks
29,932
45,449,329
74.414,802
2,576,547
13,645,947
48.953.000
35.954
49.844.121
71.740,362
3,786,675
19.940.442
59.078,100
Slate
5,338.837
5 749 966
Stone ,
79,041,699
8° Q 15 671
.short tons
119,725
1,292.293
144 177
1 411 416
Tin
. . . . pounds
280,000
121.744
180 000
111 000
Tungsten ore
Zinc
,. short tons
.short tons
5.923
563,451
12.075.417
151,005.000
6,144
584.597
6,783,000
119,258.000
Total* ,
i,i iiot
3.315.339,409
5,010,947,569
COAL PRODUCTION
In tons of 2.240 po
Anthracite.
State. Tons.
Pennsyl. . 88.939,117
Bituminous.
Alabama . 17.917.923
Arkansas. 1,913,910
Calif. . 53.909
Colo. .. 11,145,836
Georgia 106,275
Illinois . 76.963.738
Indiana 23.695.829
Iowa ... 8,005,205
Kansas . 6,415.156
Kentucky 24,828.546
Maryland 4,237.432
Michigan 1.227,506
Missouri . 5.062.990
Montana . 3.773,830
N. Mexico 3.571.899
COAL PRODUCTION B
Tons of 2,2
Year. Ant
1880.. . 25
BY STATES (1917).
unds. Calendar year.
State. Tons.
N. Dakota 705.847
Ohio 36.382,798
Okla 3,916.825
Year. Ai
1900 51
ithracite. Bituminous.
309,214 189.480.097
405.958 281.239.252
514.296 372.339,703
459.876 442.624,426
195.083 448.678.288
939.117 492,670.146
ON IN THE UNITED
TES.
s. Calendar year 1918.
State. Tons.
Ohio 8 764 132
1905 69
1010 75!
1915.. 79
1916. . . 78
1917 88
Penn. ..153.971,555
S. Dakota 7.180
Tenn. ... 5.530.555
Texas ... 2,103,406
Utah .... 3.363.241
Virginia . 9,006.331
Wash. ... 3.580.270
W. Va. .. 77.180,000
Wyoming. 7,656.803
PIG IRON PRODUCT!
STA
In tons of 2,240 pounc
State. Tons.
Alabama . 2,587.852
Colorado .. 502,810
Conn 11,485
Illinois .. 3.440.307
Kentucky 694.675
Maryland 373,817
Michig-an 3.073.599
N. Jersey. 2.871,118
NOTE — In the forego
eludes Missouri, Wash
Oregon; Connecticut i
Kentucky includes Mis
ginia; Georgia include
eludes Indiana; New Jei
and Wisconsin includes
Penn 15.198.271
Tennessee . 369.822
Virginia . . 513,737
Wisconsin . 750.360
Total bitu-
minous .492.670.146
Grand tot.581, 609.263
Y CALENDAR YEARS.
40 pounds,
hracite. Bituminous.
580,189 38,242.641
489,858 99.377.073
Total ....39,051.991
Tot. 1917.38,647.397
ing table Colorado in-
ington, California and
ncludes Massachusetts;
sissippi and West Vir-
9 Texas; Michigan in-
sey includes New York.
Minnesota.
1890.. . 4l!
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
MINES AND QUARRIES t
[From reports of census 1
In 1909 in the United States, exclusive of
Alaska. Hawaii. Porto Rico and other outlying
noncontiguous territory, 23,682 operators conduct-
ed 27.240 mines and quarries and 166,448 petro-
leum and natura' gas wells. Of the operators
3,749 were engaged solely in development work,
upon which, in 1909, the sum of $31.548,736 was
expended. In Alaska in 1909 there were 673 op-
erators, who employed 8,025 persons, in the mining
industry. The tital expenses of these operators
amounted to $13, 220,200, while the capital invested
was reported as $47,749,164. The total value of
products was $16,933,427, of which amount $16.-
327.752 consisted of gold and silver. In Hawaii
and Porto Ric<» the total value of product for
the eighteen operators reported was only $26,414.
The total nuoiber of persons engaged in connec-
tion with pro lucing mines, quarries and wells,
as reported on Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest repre-
sentative day. was 1.139,332. of whom wage earn-
ers numbered 1,065.283, proprietors and firm mem-
bers 29,922 and salaried employes 44.127. In
mines, quanies and wells for which development
work only was carried on there was a total of
27,616 persons, of whom 21,499 were wage earners.
Of the totil number of persons. 1,166,948, em-
ployed in productive and nonproductive mines,
1,158,775 V re men 16 years of age and over, and
8,173 were boys under 16 years of age. Distrib-
uted bv sex, 1,162.840 were male and 4,108 female,
the latte'' being employed in supervisory and
clerical t apacities.
The total capital invested in all mining enter-
prises 01 Dec. 31, 1909, as reported, was $3,662.-
527.064, of which $3,380.525,841 was invested in
productive enterprises and $282,001,223 in those
in whi<;h development work only was carried on.
SUMMARY BY INDUSTRIES.
Industry. Mines, Value. Persons
Fvf:ls — etc. Expenses. products, engaged.
Coal. anth... 423 $139,324,467 $149,180,471 178,004
Coa>, bitum.,6,013 395,907,026 427,962,464 592,677
Pe^rol'm and
nat. gas. 166,320 135,638.644 185,416,684 62,172
ST THE UNITED STATES.
jureau, 1912 and 1913.]
Mines, Valne Persons
Industry. etc. Expenses, products, engaged
Mica 78 $182,828 $206,794 608
Mineral p i g-
ments 26 115,860 151,015 245
Monazite and
zicron 4 50,909 64.472 34
Oil. scythe and
whetstones 45 99,259 206,028 230
P h o spha te
rock 153 7421430 10781192 8573
Prec'us stones 27 195,908 315,464 145
Pumice 4 6,087 30,097 - 25
Pvrite 12 734355 676984 1,160
Quartz .. 14 155 418 231 025 208
Sulphur 4 4,538,389 4,432,066 46o
Talc and soap-
stone 46 1,036,371 1,174516 1,452
Tripoli 7 42,493 66,557 73
Tungsten ... 116 365,780 563,457 22T
All other in-
dustries* .. 27 740,874 778,938 560
Total 1,042,642,693 1,238,410,322 1,139.332
•Includes enterprises as follows: Antimony, 1;
bismuth, 1; borax. 2; chromite, 2; manganiferons
iron, 2; nickel and cobalt, l; tin, 1.
SUMMARY BY STATES. Value
State. Mines. Wells. Expenses. product.
Maine 102 $1,876,341 $2,056,063
N Hampshire 53 .... 1204966 1,308597
Vermont 182 6,795.268 8,221,323
Massachusetts 147 2,987,175 3,467, 88g
Rhode Island 27 .. 673 877 897 606
Connecticut .. 75 1,158,491 1,375,765
New York.... 752 11,342 9,987.768 13.334.975
New Jersey... 151 4,507,940 8,347,501
Pennsylvania. 3,000 59,780 300.977,955 349,059, 78€
Ohio 964 35 067 53 852 530 63 767 11|
Indiana 480 10373 20,312,752 21.934,201
Illinois 759 10 918 68 718 121 76,658,974
Michigan .... 173 21 51,819,838 67.714.479
Wisconsin ... 286 5.508,751 7,459,404
Minnesota ... 250 38.574,180 58,664.852
Iowa 431 13,694,714 13,877,781
Iron6 a ..483 74,071,830 106.947,082 55,176
Missouri 1,224 39 27,515,101 31,667,525
North Dakota 53 6 570.140 564.812
Copper 368 107,679,212 134,616,987 55,258
Precious metals —
Deep mine.. 2,845 68.764,692 83.885,928 37.755
^lacT mines 880 6,810.482 10,237,252 5,436
Lead and zinc 1,142 24,453.299 31,363.094 24,397
"Quicksilver . 12 718.861 868,458 640
Manganese .. 8 21,725 20,435 65
Building stone —
Limestone ..1.916 23,875,507 29,832,492 41,029
Uranite 826 16,192.138 18,997.976 22.211
Sandstone .. 677 6,626.438 7,702,423 11,025
Marble ., .108 4,842.835 6,239,120 6.649
South Dakota 43 3 5,154,263 6.432,417
Nebraska .... 20 260,049 322.517
Kansas 582 3,402 15,831,787 18,722.634
Delaware .... 9 508,937 516.21S
Marvland 173 5,006,157 5,782,045
Virginia . , 244 8,863,954 8.795.64*
West Virginia 718 15,146 71.347,631 76,287,889
\orth Carolina 130 1 416 075 1,358,617
South Carolina 32 1,034, sis 1,252.792
Georgia . , 109 2,064,236 2,874.595
Florida .. 96 5,909,532 8,846.665
Kentucky .... 442 1,109 11,721.722 12,100,075
Tennessee ... 365 1 11,969.257 12.692,54?
Alabama 302 22 442 278 24 350 667
=!late 219 5,831.256 6,054,174 10,121
fraprock ... 220 5,090.538 5.578.317 6,748
Bluestone ... 637 1,182,873 1,588,406 3,020
Miscellaneous —
Asbestos .... 20 72,747 65,140 88
Asph'lt'm and
bitum. rock 19 301,673 466,461
Barvtes 42 176,967 224.766 372
Bauxite 10 316.221 ;670.829 726
Ruhr and mill
stones 14 18,354 34.441 79
Clay 336 2,289,198 2,945,948 4,351
Arkansas .... 146 62 4,309,211 4,603,845
Louisiana ... 2 246 6.641.555 6,547,050
Oklahoma ... 212 12,113 21,071,609 25,637,892
Texas . 92 2.279 8,177,783 10,742,150
Montana , 543 46,520.545 64,991,961
Idaho . ..'... 370 7,198,763 8,649,342
Wyoming .... 95 21 9,053.4.67 10,572,18g
Colorado 1,575 76 38,630,288 45,680,135
New Mexico 285 • 5 553 423 5 587 744
Arizona . , 251 28,608.216 34,217.651
I'tih 235 16 606 028 22 083 '82
Corundum and
emerv 6 7,459 18,185 19
Feldspar .... 28 238,896 271,437
Fluorspar ... 15 319,426 288,509
Fuller's earth 21 274,776 315.762
Garnet 4 98.206 101,920 120
Graphite ... 20 328.690 344,130 436
Grindstones.. 25 339,261 413.296 430
Gypsum 222 4,905,662 5,812,810 4,215
Infusorial
earth 16 61,083 75,503 99
Magnesite .. 13 62.444 68.463 84
Marl 3 17,812 13,307 38
Nevada . 374 14,415,728 23,271,597
Washington . 170 7,800,722 10,537.556
Oregon 161 1,223.468 1,191,512
California ... 1.279 4,316 52,565.278 63.382,454
Geographic divisions —
New England. 586 14,696.118 17.327,242
Mid. Atlantic 3,903 .71,122 315,473.663 370,742.262
EastN.Central2.662 56,379 200,211,992 237,534,170
WestN. Central 2,603 3.450 101,600.234 130,252.538
South Atlantiel,652 15,146 96,151.345 105,714,462
East S.Central 1,109 1,110 46,133,257 49,143,289
WestS. Central 452 14,700 40,200,158 47.530,937
174
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Geographic Value
divisions. Mines. Wells. Expenses, product.
Mountain .... 3.728 97 $166,586.458 $205.053,900
Pacific 1,610 4,316 61,589,468 75,111,522
Total U. S.. 18,164 166,320 1,042,642,693 1,283,410,322
The states leading in the number of persons
engaged in mining, quarrying, etc., were: Penn-
sylvania, 405,685; Illinois, 86,389; West Virginia,
82,808; Ohio. 62,874; Michigan, 42,133; Alabama,
32,643; Missouri. 32,462; Indiana, 31.292.
ACCIDENTS IN MINES, QUARRIES AND SMELTERS.
[From reports of bureau of mines, interior department.]
MINES.
J
Year.*
1904 . .
v xx -i-.fi. J JJ
No.
.1,995
Propor-
tion.!
3.48
Year.*
1911. .
No.
.2,656
Propor-
tion.!
3.65
07 A J. 4^Uft JL
Year.* '
1912. .
XJJJk? JL.L!
No.
. 661
683
1913. .
1905. .
1906 . .
. 2,232
.2,138
§.63
.39
1912 . .
1913..
.2,419
.2,785
3.35
3.73
1914
559
IK::
1909. .
. 3.242
. 2,445
.2.642
4.81
ffi
1914. .
1915. .
1916. .
.2.454
.2,269
2 226
3 22
3.09
3.09
ACCIDENTS
AT SI
1914.
1910. .
.2,821
3.89 1917..
.'2,'696
3.56
Killed
33
1914. .
FATALITIES IN QUARRIES.
. 180 2.05 1916... 173
1.91
Injured
R 673
* Calendar years. fN
1915. .
. 148
1.47
1917..
. 131
1.59 men employed.
FATALITIES IN METAL MINES.
Year.* No.
1915 553
1916 697
1917 852
SMELTING PLANTS.
1915. 1916. 191Y.
38 36 53
5,718 9.656 7.745
Number killed per 1,000
MERCHANT MARINE OF THE UNITED STATES.
[From the reports of the bureau of navigation.]
YKAR.
IN FOREIGN
TRADE.
IN COASTWISE
TRADE.
WHALE
FISHERIES.
Cod and
Mackerel
Fish-
eries.
Total.
Annual
inc. (+)
or
dec.(-)
Steam.
Total.
Steam.
Total.
Steam.
Total.
Tons.
97,296
192,544
146,604
192,705
337,356
533.468
720,609
1,346.164
1,573,705
1,855,484
3,013,603
Tons.
2,379.396
1.448.846
1,314,402
928.062
816,795
782,517
1,066,288
1,862.714
2,185,008
2,440,776
3.599,213
Tons.
770.641
882,551
1.064.954
1.661.458
2.289.825
4.330.896
4,688,240
4,578.567
4,315,579
4,559.008
4,433,337
Tons.
2,644.867
Tons.
Tons.
166.841
67.954
38.408
18.633
9.899
9.308
9,864
8.829
6,707
5,623
4,493
Tons.
162,764
91.460
77,538
68.367
51,629
47.291
26,700
31.502
33,384
16,619
22,196
Tons.
5,353,868
4.246.507
4.068,034
4,424.497
5,164.839
7.508.082
7,928.688
8,389.429
8,469.649
32,055
38,338
Percent.
4- 4.06
+ 2.41
1870
2,638.247
2,637,686
3,409,435
4,286.516
6.668.966
6.818.363
6.486,384
6,244.550
6.392.583
6,282,474
1890
4.925
3,986
3,509
4.265
3,682
1.789
2.250
2.178
- *,«
-2.71
-6.18
• 1.61
-2.23
-5.49
-0.95
-4.73
•11.87
1900
1910
1914
1915 .
1916
1917
1918
VESSELS BUILT IN THE UNITED STATES.
YEAR.
New
England
coast.
On entire
seaboard.
Mississippi
and tribu-
taries.
On great
lakes.
Total.
Sail.
Steam.
1890
1900
1910
1914
191?
1916
1917...
No.
208
199
111
,"9
89
62
84
105
Tons.
78.577
72.179
23,442
21.934
18.551
37,568
52.526
88,302
No.
768
1.107
887
887
777
609
993
1.225
Tons.
169,091
249.006
167,829
251,683
184.605
238.181
518,958
1.080.47H
No.
104
215
193
133
144
140
157
135
Tons.
16,506
14.173
5,488
8,018
5.499
4,973
6,185
5,409
No.
191
125
281
131
147
126
147
168
Tons-
108,526
130,611
168,751
5^549
16,467
44.691
139,336
215.022
No.
1.051
1,447
1,361
1,151
1,157
937
1,297
1.528
Tons.
294.123
393,790
342.068
316,250
225.122
325,113
664.479
1,800,868
N&
504
'15
51
34
4
3
Tons.
102,873
116.460
19.358
13,749
8,021
14,765
4,884
4,735
No.
410
422
936
778
751
129
114
229
Tons.
159,045
202,528
257,993
224,225
154,990
237,836
431.304
962,547
1918
SHIPS BUILT IN 1917.
Kind.
Wood— Sailing- 86 49,075 16
Steam 35 11.309 27
Gas 276 18.575 338
Unrigged 334 108,771 137
Total - 731 187,730 518
Steel— Sailing 3 3,383 ...
Steam 60 299,998 18
Gas 10 7.636 10
Unrigged 4 1,744 2
Total 77 312,761 ~~30
Totals— Sailing 89 52.458 16
Steam 95 311,307 45
Gas 286 26.211 348
Unrigged 338 110,515 139
^-Atlantic-^
and gulf. / Pacific. N lakes. rivers. " , Total.
No. *Tons. No. *Tons. No. *Tons. No. *Tons. No. *Tons.
19
471
17,582 1
23,487 10
51,229 77
13,723 35
9 345
1,081 76 1,182
4,874 25 873
103
81
767
531
106.021 123 6.445 110 2,400 1,482
O
1*19.381 '47 153,614 "6 1,937 131
3,526 1 2,124 5 121 26
1.814 9 1,970 2 1,399 17
124.721 "57 157,708 13) 3,457 177
17,582 1 19 ... 106
142,868 57 154,085 15 2,282 212
54,755 78 3,205 81 1,303 793
15,537 44 6.844 27 2,272 548
Grand total. 808 500,491. 548 230,742180 164.153 123 5,857 1,659 901.243
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
175
SHIPS BUILT IN 1918.
-Atlantic-^ , Grea t , ^- Western-^
Kind..
a:
No.
77
nd gulf.
*Tons.
59.428
183.550
24,425
78.303
, Pacific ,
No. *Tons.l
19 14.325
128 324.351
309 50,048
67 7.596
lakes. rivers,
tfo. *Tons. No. "Tons.
, Total. N
No. "Tons.
96 73.753
264 612,964
660 76,356
332 89,156
. 108
13
43
25
3.540
660
2,550
15
66
31
1
1
.523
,223
707
Gas
/.I... 242
. . 209
Total
.. 636
345,706
4,092
601,698
550
1,340
523
396,320
81
6.750
112
3,453
1,352
4
466
7
5
752,229
4,092
1.863,477
602
2,218
Steel Sailing1
4
132
3
f-155
871.561177
389,853
2
§4
335
52
Gas
Unrigrgred
2
tl
325
2
553
Total
.. 141
607.680
63,520
785.248
24.975
79/643
156
19
283
309
68
871,886
14.325
1,195.912
50.048
7,921
179
390,406
6
387
482i
100
730
667
337
1.870.359
77.845
2.376,411
76.958
91,374
Totals — Sailing; ....
81
,. 240
190
43
27
393,393
660
3.103
17
70
31
1
1
,858
,275
707
Gas
.. 245
. 211
Grand total 777 953,386 679) 1,268,206260 397,156 118 3,840 1,834 2.622.588
Note — In addition to the figures given, 44
vessels of 133.155 gross tons were built for
foreigners in 1917 and 48 wooden vessels of
98.693 gross tons in 1918. *Gross tons. tOne
vessel of 3,427 tons built of concrete. tOne
325 ton concrete vessel. §One 11 ton concrete
vessel.
from
WORLD'S SHIPS, RAILWAYS, TELEGRAPHS AND CABLES.
[Report of the bureau of statistics. Washington, D. C.]
Development by decades of carrying power, commerce and means of communication
1800 to 1916.
t Vessel tonnage, v Rail- Tele-
,-Commerce.^ Sail. Steam. Total, ways, graphs. Cables,
Year. *Total.Percap. tons. tons. tons. miles. miles. miles.
1800 $1.479 82.31 4.026,000 4,026.000
1820... 1.659 2.13 5.814.000
1830 1.981 2.34 7,100,000
1840... . 2.789 2.93 9,012.000
1850 4,049 3.76 11.470,000
1860... 7,246 6.01 14.890,000
1870 10.663 8.14 12.900,000
1880... . 14.761 10.26 14.400,000
1890 17,519 11.80 12.640.000
1900... .. 20,105 13.33 8.119.000
1910 33634 20.81 4.366.000
1917 52.781 31J.8 4.425,000
*Millions.
20,000
5.834,000
111,000
7.211,000
200
368,000
9,380,000
5 400
864,000
1,710.000
3,040,000
5,880.000
8,295,000
13,856,000
23.392.000
25.380,000
12.334,000
16.600,000
15,940,000
20.280,000
20,935.000
21.975.000
28.298.000
29,805,000
24.000
67.400
139.900
224.900
390.000
500.000
637.000
729.800
5.000
100.000
281.000
440.000
768.000
1,180.000
1.307.000
1.588,000
25
1.500
15.000
49.000
132,000
200,000
291.000
Year. Policies.
1850 29.407
I860 60.000
1870... 839.226
1880 679.690
1890 1,319,561
1900 3.176.051
1910 6.954,119
1917 11.581.701
LIFE INSURANCE
rdinary.
Amount.
$68,614.189
180,000,000
2.262,847,000
1,564.183,532
3.620,057.439
7.093.152,380
13,227,213,168
21,965,594,232
IN THE UNITED
-Industrial.-
Policies.
Amount.
STATES.
Total.
Policies. Amount.
Total income.
1890 . $196,938.069
1900.' 400,257,603
1910 . 781.011,249
1917 1.249,401,387
Corn-
Year panies. Income.
1901'. 489 $81.628,596
1910 497 128.631.649
1917 „ 527 155.089,965
236.674 $20,533.469
3.883.529 429.521.128
11,219.296 1.468.986.366
23,034.463 3.177.047.874
37,468,776 5,151,096,538
Payments to
policyholders.
$90.007.820
168.687.601 1.742.414.173
387,302.073 3,875.877.059
590,183,247 5,940,622.780
FRATERNAL LIFE INSURANCE.
Claims
Disbursement. paid.
$77.343.460 $64,128.047
110,168.334 92.279.662
134,938.381 97,398.076
916.364 $1.584.717.001
5.203.090 4,049,578.567
14.395,347 8.562.138.746
29.988.582 16.404.261,042
49.050,477 27.116.690.770
Assets. Liabilities. Surplus.
$770.972,061 $678,681.309 $92,290,752
1,493,378,709 249.035.464
3,325.878.366 549.998.693
5.335,513.267 605.109.513
Insurance Insurance
written. in force.
$799.626,678 $5,656.453,465
1.331.552.713 9,562.511.910
822,041.734 v 9.129,974.447
FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE.
Yr. panies. Income. Losses. Dividends.
1890 580 $157,857,983 $75.334.517 $5.334,495
1900 493 198,312,577 108,307,171 8,446,110
1910 597 381.545.814166.789.76320.709.261
1917 ! 636 681,921,547 293.842,174 23,805,644
ACCIDENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE.
Year. Premiums. Losses.
1914 $41,830.753 J18.361.764
1915... ,. 41,069,870 18.519,057
1016 47.505,091 20.631.083
1917 55.594.631 23,731.506
CASUALTY AND
Corn-
Year, panies.
1890 34
1900 62
1910 177
1917 181
OTHER INSURANCE.
Payments to
Income, policyholders.
$9,758.413 $2.933.306
32.309.619 10.166.796
111.041.748 41.465.472
257,517,978 104,986,320
UNITED STATES FIRE LOSSES BY YEARS.
[From the Insurance Press.]
1910 .. $214.003,300 I 19J.5 $172,033.200
1913 203.408.250 1916 214.530.995
1914... 221.439.35011917 260.753.640
176
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
NATIONAL WEALTH OF THE UNITED STATES (1912).
Geographic divi-
sion and state.
Heal prop-
erty and
improve-
ments.
Live
stock.
Farm im-
plements
and ma-
chinery.
Manufac.
machin'y,
tools and
implmts.
Gold and
silver coin
and
bullion.
Railroads
and their
equipment'
Street rail-
ways, ship-
ping, water-
works, etc.
New England
Maine
$7.243.043,478
$1 52.411 .703
$53.648.227
$766.480.256
$168.386,104
$501.391.191
$667.812,193
485.868.919
335.212,237
255.994.278
4,118,215.738
600,747.009
1,452,015,297
30.315,701.320
3-2.745,172
16.015.159
30.651,098
43.148,947
6,874,870
22,976,457
519,253,198
" 15,628.096
6.020,570
10,694,726
12,110,883
1,883,634
7,310,318
177,725,806
69,941.215
38,561,611
19.089.082
377,873,043
93,860.055
167,155,250
1.994.416.371
14.779.215
8,023,193
6,499.412
101,876.063
13,603,256
23,604,965
899.203.161
149.196,850
76,619.613
66.338,921
135,123,384
12,483,737
61,628,686
1,500,820,231
77.912.060
31.072.620
20,642.085
348.842.372
53,771.682
135,571,374
2,792,249,523
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic
New York
New J ersey
16,910.262.952
3.856,914.601
9,548,523,767
23.748.446.047
5,173708,410
2.957,867.352
10.046 319.512
3.067.378.894
2,503.171,879
18.690.288.308
263.577,707
45,847,959
209,827,532
1,301,591,448
89.172.586
13,865,402
74,687,818
289,229,016
813.601.441
303,596.418
877.218,512
1.415.243.372
632,554,526
54.897.349
211.751,286
488.763.883
553,314.487
165,778.631
781.727,113
3.079.251.197
1,787,201.570
302.215,110
702,832.843
2,035,016.810
584,792,833
286,566.614
748,7 13.023
268.201 .502
146,742,838
843,052,977
Pennsylvania
East North Central...
Ohio
273.611.491
227.006.381
386.701.265
184.782.900
229,489.411
1.838,987.471
54.181.255
43.733,375
79.473,427
54.t40,4f>6
57,700.493
403.249,087
423,068,286
178,384.997
451.299.0t*
199,266.379
163,224.642
363,455,087
112,275,002
57,444.477
205.185.274
63.658.411
50.200.719
285,898.127
607.038.239
480,251.:*',-.'
926,403,787
584.884.tU8
480,673,161
3.313.50o,472
Indiana
Illinois . ...
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central..
3.391.615,408
5.111,230,343
3.26l.058.8o9
1.261, 388. 140
639,661.792
2,316.850,464
2,705,483,302
7.536.324,781
217.832.281
491.613.546
308.100,681
l£i,614,381
145.815,404
265,473.943
284,537,235
485,664,137
56.775,152
102.98 1.40H
55,328.257
49.878.002
38.100,632
48.111.560
52,074,078
107.212.399
83,647.680
58,520,370
125.037.985
5.244,543
6,043.576
35,084,497
49,876.43b
545,733.504
51,531.987
49.566.432
93. 140.304
12.453.723
12.334.760
30,453,382
36,417.539
226.711.255
564,652.082
635.695,172
613.54H.4tW
277.S7ii.ti4U
258,641.210
884,43-,M. •-.>;>
578,665,874
1.976.695,855
231.846,178
138.831.854
267.556,780
17,051,547
25,801,674
79,476.484
87,488,460
680.270.319
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic
Delaware
Maryland .
172,148.377
1.345.483.922
902.023.891
1.136.103.685
1.*.I9.189.713
700.30(>.<I22
506.ti07.276
904.983.602
429,484,293
3.381.631.974
8.794.481
45.903,7«;
1.794,926
85.954.360
55.993.204
85.068,318
61,304.088
10(5,429.447
34.421.547
439.418.056
3.417,202
12,509.481
83,tiC8
19J56.852
7,405,732
20.315,423
15.604.670
23,176.865
4,942,566
80.653.752
21.961.843
22.504,071
17.812.825
18,375,013
128.079,443
16,693.931
85,042,692
13.785.676
66,657,021
60.271,939
85.119.rai
98.942.6tiO
90,428,881
28,791,073
222,238,538
3,936,059
28.722.913
£778.789
37.S56.727
23.590.424
37,626.636
25.507.035
45.623.056
15,089,626
149,234,864
20.908,048
91,591.546
19,468.338
298.128.318
232.87S.4-. 2
326,771.879
220.932,828
465.990. 38r>
302,026.041
1,137.275,275
20,411.455
165.625.265
64,167,592
103,841,555
67.305,992
44,410.575
55.766.258
129.508.626
29,233.001
304.130.933
. District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina. . .
South Carolina. . .
Georgia
Florida
East South Central. . .
Kentucky...
1,139,433.836
831.914.027
933.661.266
476,622.845
8/.66.784.508
136,524,104
126,175.142
86.921.130
89,797,680
722.172.650
41.218.821
50.W9.68I
»5,250,311
35,119.725
250.665.542
41.650.223
39,068.353
38.211,885
30.304.403
175.107.024
247.266.327
253.394.762
352.614.162
284,000,024
2.107.781 .380
91,799,742
118,787,097
65.268,571
28,275,523
346.620,452
Tennessee. .
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central..
Arkansas
890.976.538
1.028,988.975
3.138,755.256
3.608,063.739
2.799.845.396
88,301,395
64.772,977
174,193,995
394,904,283
460.554,283
18.487,026
17.065.106
30.404,140
62.123,171
55.554.446
30.524 .632
88.307.350
21.965.234
109,868.326
163.747.325
27.064.086
32,739.070
34.258.132
81,345,736
69.651,582
333.824,378
390.18ti.H48
883,688,745
1.000,081,309
1.499.071,030
32.908,222
93.342.172
48,415.760
171,954,298
564,515.334
Louisiana
Oklahoma.. .
Texas
Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado..
450.271.730
143,201.0til
90.280.515
1,223.511.598
147.056.6SO
183.408.911
376,008.261
186,106.640
8.289.267.259
91.707.546
58.398,555
54.434.914
88,059.546
55.0U3.870
43,997,536
39.3U1.735
29,650,581
318.336.039
11,913,204
11.912.252
4,128,753
14.400.570
4.716.452
1,992.308
4,777.304
1,713.603
72.872.372
6.199.272
18.598.415
3.043.914
91.353.941
3.664,788
12.609.832
24.491,145
3,786,018
369.471,279
11.119.466
7.757.979
3.593.443
23,t!96.056
6.644.604
4,729.163
9.580.423
2,530.448
153.386.734
275.535.572
159,755.166
103.078.595
369,238,739
187.64ti.yOo
130,657,476
129,582.931
143,575,646
1.032.742,871
106,010,526
95,201.419
26.723,620
197,641.592
18,070.248
37,982,596
57.9t>3,901
24,921,432
1,339,186.922
New Mexico .
Arizona
Utah...
Nevada
Pacific
Washington
Oregon
1,888.850.453
1.163.594.445
5.236.822.361
68.242.365
74.362,095
175.731,579
18,797,487
14.545,429
39,529,456
11 1.048,892
38.107,957
220.314.430
35,799.788
25.139,773
92,447,173
351.546,678
179,9 16.887
501,279.306
16.148.532.502
227.341.952
145.746.770
9tJ6.098.200
California
United States
110.676.333.071
6.238.388.985
1.368.224.548
6.091.451.274
2.616.642.734
10.2tJ5.207.322
Note— Total for street railways, shipping-,
waterworks, etc.. includes $402.351.858. value
of ships belonging: to the United States navy,
and $290.000,000. value of privately owned
water supply systems, not distributed by
states.
•JTie national wealth of the United States is
estimated by the United States census bureau
«t $187,739.000.000, or $1.965 for each man.
woman and child in the country. The total
includes the value of all kinds of real, per-
sonal and other property, taxable and exempt,
in the United States exclusive of Alaska,
Hawaii. Porto Rico and the Philippines.
Omitting- the value of property exempt from
taxation for the reason that it was not in-
cluded- in the figures for 1850. 1860 and
1870, the wealth for the several census years
is as follows:
Year. Total. Per cap.
1912 $175,426.000,000 $1.836
1904 100,273,000,000 1.234
1900 82,305.000.000 1,083
1890 61.204.000,000 975
1880 41.642,000.000 836
1870 24,055.000.000 624
1860 16,160,000,000 514
1850 7,136,000,000 308
Including- exempt property (1880 to 1912) :
1912 $187,739,000,000 $1.965
1904 107.104.000.000 1,318
1900 88.517.000.000 1,165
1890 65.037.000.000 1.036
1880 •. 43.642,000.000 870
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
177
WEALTH BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES (1912).
Geographic divi-
sion and state.
New Englatod
Total.
...811,805,422.012
Taxable.
810.922.179.117
r-Per capita 1912^
Tax- Ex-
Exempt. Total, able. empt.
8883,242.895 81.744 81.614 8131
Maine
1 069 594,027
1.030.366.547
39 227 480 1 4°0 1 368 52
New Hampshire
649.320.469
613.441.572
35,878,897 1 493 1 411 83
Vermont
5°7 °61 775
496 935 964
30 3°5 811 1 470 1 385 85
Massachusetts
6 302 988 392
5,735.230.115
567 758 277 1 805 1 642 163
Rhode Island
970 802 690
892 693 475
78 109 ^15 1 709 1 571 137
Connecticut
2 285.454.659
2.153,511.444
131,943 215 1 969 1*855 114
Middle Atlantic
... 46.211,667.778
41.411,819.840
4,799,847,938 2.290 2.052 238
New York
.. 25,011,105,223
21,912.629.507
3.098,475 716 2 626 2 300 325
New Jersey
, . 5 743 032 278
5.361.917 422
381 1,14 856 2 140 1 998 142
Pennsylvania
East North Central...
.. 15.457,530.277
... 39.502.313,584
14.137.272.911
37.551,136.365
1.320.257,366 1,939 1.'774 166
1.951.177,219 2.106 2,002 104
Ohio
8 908 432 943
8 552 130 667
356 302 276 1 817 1 744 73
Indiana
5 194 68° 500
4 951 061 490
243 621 010 -1 894 1 806 89
Illinois . .
. 15 484 450 232
14 596467 087
887 983 145 2 660 2 507 153
Michigan
5 427 0°° 651
5 169 022 582
258 000 069 1 873 1 784 89
Wisconsin
. . 4 487 725 258
4.282.454,539
205,270,719 1 875 1 790 86
West North Central
.. 31.208,417.942
29.617.836.203
1.590.581.739 2.617 2.483 133
Minnesota
5.547,327,017
5,266.950,787
280,376,230 2.582 2 452 131
Iowa
7 868 454 211
7 437 094 834
431 359,377 3 539 3 345 194
Missouri
5 842 017 009
5 546 493 103
''95 523 906 1 752 1 663 89
North Dakota
2,141 623 961
2.037.626,024
104,000,937 3.374 3,210 164
South Dakota
1 398 573 425
1 330 693 417
67 880 008 2 239 2 130 109
Nebraska
3 794 986 781
3 605 133 830
189 852 951 3 110 2 954 156
Kansas
. . 4 615 432 538
4 393,844,208
221.588,330 2,652 2 525 127
South Atlantic
.. 14.843,963.211
13.777.891.828
1,066,071.383 1,179 1.094 85
Delaware
307,948,613
293,721.979
14,226.634 1,493 1,424 69
Maryland
. 2 177 958 864
2 002 216 720
175,742,144 1,651 1,518 133
District of Columbia
Virginia
.. 1.173,857,112
2 289 913 786
767,316.951
2.174,685.192
406.540,161 3.425 2,239 1186
115.228.594 1,086 1,032 55
West Virginia
North Carolina
.. 2.303.571.209
1.807.573 780
2,179.527.639
1,745.233,696
124.043,570 1,800 1,703 97
62,340.084 794 767 27
South Carolina
. . 1 351 400 753
1 301,406.985
49,993.768 869 837 32
Georgia
2 38° 600 866
2 299 197 590
83 403,276 883 853 31
Florida
. . 1 049 138 228
1.014,585,076
34.553.152 1.307 1,264 43
East South Central...
. . 7.660,040.736
7.342,852,219
317.188.517 ' 890 854 37
Kentucky ,
~~2~,267.777,525~
2,152,097.565
115,679,960 977 927 50
Tennessee
1 920 348 261
1.834.354.927
85.993,334 864 826 39
Alabama
2 127 054 930
2 050 014.767
77 040,163 964 929 35
Mississippi
. . 1,344,860,020
1.306.384,960
38,475,060 726 705 21
West South Central
.. 15,434.960,541
14.687.498.597
747.461,944 1.662 1,581 80
Arkansas
1.829,521,736
1.757,533,669
71.988,067 1,120 1.076 44
Louisiana
. 2 164 437 746
2.056,572,346
107,865,400 1,260 1,197 63
Oklahoma
4 581 091 918
4 321 150,418
259,941.500 2 475 2 335 140
Texas
6 859 909 141
6 552 242 164
307 666 977 1 679 1 604 75
Mountain
.. 6.753.014.065
6.500,317,073
252.696.992 2,371 2,232 89
Montana .
1,149,732,986
1,113,008,146
36.724.840 2,834 2,743 91
Idaho
608 305 157
591,073.842
17,231,315 1.680 1,632 48
Wyoming
353 844 827
344 834.812
9,010.015 2.241 2,184 57
Colorado
2.386.923.583
2,286,478.777
100,444,806 2.785 2,668 117
New Mexico
Arizona
513.733,026
501 852 186
501.627.424
487,099,365
12,105,602 1.440 1,406 34
14,752,821 2,255 2,189 66
Utah
781 613 390
734,811.880
46.801,510 1.979 1,860 119
Nevada
457 008 910
441.382,827
15.626,083 5.038 4.865 172
Pacific
. 13.626,919.363
12,921,668.488
705.250.875 2.969 2,816 154
Washington
3 218 360 623
3,054.690,780
163,669.843 2.511 2,384 128
Oregon
1 944 354 463
1 843,542,127
100,812.336 2.661 2,523 138
California
. 8,464.204,277
8.023,435,581
440.768.696 3,284 3.113 171
The United States...
.187.739.071.090
175,425,551,588
12.313,519.502 1,965 1,836 129
Note— The totals at the head of the first
two columns include 8402.351,858, value of
ships belonging- to the United States navy,
and $290.000,000, value of privately owned
water supply systems, not distributed by
states.
CLASSIFICATION OF WEALTH (1912>.
Real property and improve- .
ments taxed .898,362,813.569
Real property and improve-
ments exempt 12,313,519,502
Live stock 6,238,388,985
Farm implements and machin-
ery 81.368.224.548
Manufacturing machinery, tools
and implements 6.091,451.274
Gold and silver coin and bul-
lion 2,616,642.734.
Railroads and their equip-
ment 16,148.532.503
Street railways, etc.:
Street railways 4,596.563,292
Telegraph systems 223,252.516
Telephone systems 1.081,433.227
178
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Pullman and cars not owned
by railroads $123.362.701
Shipping and canals 1.491.117.193
, Irrigation enterprises.. 360,865.270
Privately owned waterworks 290.000,000
Privately owned central elec-
tric light and power sta-
tions .. 2.098.613.122
Agricultural products . 5.240,019.651
Manufactured products. 14,693,861.489
Imported merchandise 826.632.467
Mining- products 815,552.233
Clothing- and personal adorn-
ments 4,295.008.593
Furniture, carriages and kin-
dred property 8.463.216.222
Total 187.739,071.090
COMPARATIVE WEALTH OF NATIONS.
In its report on the national wealth of the
United States in 1912 the census bureau
quotes the following- statement concerning- the
wealth of the principal nations as given by
Aug-ustus D. Webb, fellow of the Royal Statis-
tical society, and published in the New Dic-
tionary of Statistics for 1911:
Country. Amount.
United States (1904) *$107,104.192.410
British empire (1903) *108,279.625.000
'72,997.500,000
*6. 569.775.000
•5.353.150.000
'14.599,500.000
•2,919.900.000
•5.839.800.000
France ("recently") t46.798,500.000
United king-dom..
Canada
Australasia .
India
South Africa.
Rest of empire.
Denmark (1900)
Germany (1908)
Australia (1903)
New Zealand (1905)
Cape of Good Hope (1907) .
•Total wealth. tPrivate
property.
The
•1,946.600,000
•77.864,000.000
t4.578.903,000
•1.605.945.000
J428.939.492
wealth. tFixed
census bureau also quotes the follow-
ing- figures from Dr. Karl Helfferich's "Ger-
many's Economic Progress and Economic
Wealth" :
Country. Total Wealth.
German empire (1910-1911) . .$68.020.000,000
to 76.160.000.000
France (1908) 55,391.000.000
England (not stated) 54.740.000.000
United States (not stated) 119,000.000.000
WHEN AND HOW TO USE THE FLAG.
[By E. B. Wicklander.]
The flag should not be raised before sun-
rise and should be lowered at sunset, but may
fly at all times during- war if intended for
patriotic and not advertising- purposes. In
stormy weather it is considered unkind to
permit the flag to fly except in battle, where
it may wave night and day without regard
for weather.
The flag- in times of peace is not permitted
by correct usage to float all nig-ht except at
the grave of Francis Scott Key. author of
4 'The Star Spangled Banner."
Displaying1 the Flag- — The flag, out of doors,
should be flown from a pole whenever pos-
sible, or a wire or rope. In the United
States army all flag's are suspended from poles
and in no other way. The blue field is
placed farthest from the house displaying it.
except when facing1 a parade, with the flag-
suspended across the street with the stripes
perpendicular, in which case the blue field
goes in the upper left hand corner as viewed
by the parade.
While raising- or lowering- the flag1, it must
not touch the ground; care for it tenderly
and respectfully.
. Driving nails in the flag1 to hold it in place
is considered wrong. Preferably it should be
tied with red, white or; blue cord, or tri-
colored cord.
Colors on Parade — When the colors are pass-
ing- on parade or in review, the spectator
should, if walking-, halt: if sitting-, arise,
stand at attention and uncover: men to re-
move their hats and women to bow their
heads. All military men are required to
stand at salute.
Used in Decoration— When the flag is hung
vertically (so it can be viewed from one side
only) the blue field should be at the right as
one faces it. When hung- horizontally the
field should be at the left. The flag: should
never be placed below a person sitting-.
Desecration of the Flag— No advertisement
or lettering- of any sort should ever be placed
upon the flag-, or any object, especially mer-
chandise for sale, placed upon it; nor should
it ever be used as a trade mark. It should
not be worn as the whole or part of a cos-
tume, and when worn as a badge, it should
be small and pinned over the left breast or
to the left collar lapel.
When worn as an emblem on the coat or
other garment, no other token should be worn
above it.
The flag in any form should never appear
on towels, handkerchiefs, aprons or other utili-
tarian clothes of any kind, nor used as a table
scarf.
When Portrayed — The flag when portrayed
by an illustrative process should always have
the staff so placed that it is at the left of
the picture, the fabric floating to the right.
In crossing the flag with that of another na-
tion, the United States flag should be at the
right.
Used as a Banner — When the flag is used as
a banner, the blue field should fly to the
north in streets running east and west, and
to the east in streets running north and south.
Half-Mast or Used on a Bier— Before plac-
ing the flag at half-mast on Memorial day or
when officially required as a symbol of
mourning, it must have been raised to the top
of pole or staff and then lowered at or near
the center of the staff.
When the flag is placed over a bier or cas-
ket, the blue field should be at the head.
On Memorial day. May 30 — The national flag
should be displayed at half-mast until noon,
when hoisted to the top of the staff, where it
remains until sunset.
Days When the Flag Should Be Flown—
Washington's birthday, Feb. 22; Lincoln's
birthday, Feb. 12; Mothers' day, second Sun-
day in May; Memorial day, May 30; Flag day,
June 14; Independence day, July 4; also many
local patriotic anniversaries.
When a flag has become old and worn, it
should not be allowed to be thrown around
and treated with disrespect, but should be
burned.
HEIGHT OF SOME FAMOUS STRUCTURES.
Structure. Feet.
Amiens cathedral 383
Bunker Hill monument... .221
Capitol, Washington 288
City hall. Philadelphia 535
Cologne cathedral 512
Eiffel tower 984
Structure. Feet.
Florence cathedral 387
Fribourg cathedral 386
Milan cathedral 360
Pyramid. Great 451
Rouen cathedral 464
Structure. Feet.
St. Paul's. London 404
St. Peter's. Rome 433
Strassburg cathedral 465
St. Stephen's, Vienna 470
Washington monument 556
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
179
UNITED STATES LIFE TABLES.
[Computed by the bureau of the census.]
Based on the estimated population July 1.
1910, of the original registration states and
on the reported deaths in 1909, 1910 and
1911. Oriirinal registration states include
BOTH SEXES, ONE YEAR INTERVALS.
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu-
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York.
New Jersey. Indiana and Michigan and the
District of Columbia.
Age Exp't'n
Age
Exp't'n i Age
Exp't'n
interval.* No. No. of life.§
interval.* No. No.
of life.f
interval.* No.
No. of life.S
Years. living.t dying.* Years.
0-1 100.000 11.462 51.49
Years. living.t dying.* Years.
36-37.. 72,539 605 31.16
Years. living.t dying.* Years.
72-73. . 29.759 2.065 8.22
1-2. . .
88,538 2,446 57.11
37-38.. 71.924 61
7 30.42
73-74.
. 27,694
2,072 7.79
2-3. . .
86,092 1,062 57.72
38-39.. 71.317 63.
. 29.68
74-75.
. 25.622
2,070 7.38
3-4. .
85,030 666 57.44
39-40. 70,086 64-
t 28.94
75-76.
. 23,552
2.057 6.99
4-5. . .
84,364 477 56.89
40-41. 70,042 65
3 28.20
76-77.
. 21,495
2,028 6.61
5-6. .
83,887 390 56.21
41-42. 69,384 67
t 27.46
77-78.
. 19,467
1.981 6.25
6-7. .
83,497 327 55.47
42-43. 68,710 69
3 26.73
78-79.
. 17,486
1,920 5.90
7-8. . .
83.170 274 54.69
43-44. 68.017 71
3 25.99
79-80.
. 15,566
1,854 6.56
8-9. ..
82.896 234 53.87
44-45. 67.301 74
3 25.26
80-81.
. 13.712
1.786 5.25
9-10.. .
82.662 204 53.02
45-46. 66,561 76
3 24.54
81-82.
. 11.926
1,696 4.96
10-11..
82.458 187 52.15
46-47. 65,795 79
y 23.82
82-83.
. 10,230
1.565 4.70
11-12..
82.271 180 51.26
47-48. 65,000 82
I 23.10
83-84.
8,665
1,409 4.45
12-13..
§2.091 182 50.37
48-49.. 64,179 84
3 22.39
84-85.
. 7,256
1,255 4.22
13-14..
1.909 193 49.49
49-50.. 63.333 87.
i 21.69
85-86.
. 6,001
1.103 4.00
14-15..
81,716 210 48.60
50-51.. 62,460 89
7 20.98
86-87.
. 4.898
954 3.79
15-16..
81,506 232 47.73
51-52.. 61,563 921
) 20.28
87-88.
. 3,944
816 3.58
16-17..
81.274 256 46.86
52-53.. 60.634 97(
) 19.58
88-89.
. 3,128
689 3.39
17-18..
81,018 285 46.01
53-54... 59,664 l,02t
> 18.89
89-90.
. 2,439
571 3.20
18-19..
80,733 315 45.17
54-55... 58.639 1,084
t 18.21
90-91.
. 1.868
466 3.03
19-20..
80,418 344 44.34
55-56.. . 57,555 1,151
J 17.55
91-92.
1,402
371 2.87
20-21..
80,074 375 43.53
56-57.. . 56.402 1,22*
> 16.90
92-93.
. 1,031
289 2.73
21-22..
79,699 398 42.73
57-58.. . 55,177 1,281
> 16.26
93-94.
742
219 2.59
79.301 412 41.94
58-59... 53,888 1,34(
} 15.64
94-95.
523
162 2.47
23-24.'.
78.889 418 41.16
59-60... 52,542 1,40"
t 15.03
95-96.
361
117 2.35
24-25..
78,471 425 40.38
60-61.. . 51,138 1,465
3 14.42
96-97.
244
83 2.24
25-26. .
78,046 432 39.60
61-62.. . 49,676 1,521
I 13.83
97-98.
161
57 2.14
26-27..
77.614 440 38.81
62-63... 48,155 1.58'
r 13.26
98-99.
. ' 104
39 2.04
27-28..
77,174 451 38.03
63-64... 46,568 1.65(
5 12.69
99-100.. 65
25 1.95
28-29..
76.723 465 37.25
64-65.. . 44,912 1.71*
* 12.14
100-101. 40
16 1.85
29-30..
76,258 479 36.48
65-66.. . 43,194 1,771
I 11.60
101-102. 24
10 1.76
30-31 .
75,779 493 35.70
66-67.. . 41,421 1.82*
\ 11.08
102-103. 14
6 1.67
31-32..
75,286 511 34.93
67-68.. . 39,595 l,87r
f 10.57
103-104. 8
4 1.59
32-33..
74,775 530 34.17
68-69... 37,718 1,92*
J 10.07
104-105. 4
?1.50
33-34..
74.245 550 33.41
69-70.. . 35.790 1,974
9.58
105-106. 3
1.41
34-35... 73.695 56832.66
70-71.. . 33.816 2. OK
I 9.11
106-107. 1
1 1.33
35-36... 73,127 68831.90
71-72... 31,803 2,044 8.66
INFANT MORTALITY. ONE, MONTH INTERVALS.
Age Exp'tln
Age
Exp't'n
Age
Exp't'n
interval.* No. No. of life. §
interval.* No. No.
of life.§
interval.* No.
No. of life.§
Months, living.t dying.* Years.
0-1.. ..100.0004,377 51.49
Months, living.t dying.*
4-5... . 92,748 705
Years.
55.17
Months, living.t
8-9 90.296
dying.* Years.
492 56.33
1-2 95 623 1 131 53.76
5-6 92 043 635
55 51
9-10.. . . 89,804
456 56.56
2-3 " 94 492 943 54 32
6-7 91 408 579
55 81
10-11. . 89 348
421 56 76
3-4 93549 801 54.78
7-8.. . . 90 829 533
56.08
11-12... 88.927
389 66.95
EXPECTATION OF LIFE
BY SEX.
Age White White fe-
Age White White fe-
Age
White White fe-
Age i
iVhite White fe-
int'val.* males. t males.*
int' val.* males. t males.*
int'val.
* males. t males.*
int'val.*1
males. t males.*
Years. Years. Years.
Years. Years. Years.
Years.
Years. Years.
Years.
Years. Years.
0-1 50.23 53.62
27-28. .37.21 39.31
54-55.
.17.68 18.87
81-82..
4.81 5.05
1-2.. ..56.26 58.69
28-29
.36.43 38.52
55-56.
.17.03 18.18
82-83. .
4.56 4.78
2-3 56.88 59.24
29-30.
.35.65 37.74
56-57.
.16.39 17.50
83-84.
4.32 4.53
3-4 56.60 58.92
30-31.
.34.87 36.96
57-58.
.15.77 16.84
84-85 .
4.10 4.29
4-5 56.05 58.35
31-32.
.34.10 36.18
58-59.
.15.16 16.19
85-86.
3.88 4.06
5-6 . . .55.37 57.67
32-33 .
.33.33 35.40
59-60.
.14.57 15.55
86-87.
3.68 3.83
6-7.. ..54.63 56.93
33-34.
.32.58 34.63
60-61.
.13.98 14.92
87-88.
3.49 3.61
7-8 53.85 56.14
34-35 .
.31.82 33.86
61-62.
.13.41 14.31
88-89.
3.31 3.40
8-9 53.03 55.31
35-36 .
.31.08 33.09
62-63.
.12.85 13.70
89-90 .
3.15 3.19
9-10 52.19 54.45
36-37.
.30.34 32.33
63-64.
.12.31 13.11
90-91.
2.99 3.00
10-11. . .51.32 53.57
37-38.
.29.61 31.56
64-65.
.11.77 12.53
91-92.
2.84 2.83
11-12. . .50.44 62.68
38-39.
.28.88 30.80
65-66.
.11.25 11.97
92-93.
2.70 2.67
12-13. . .49.56 51.79
39-40.
.28.16 30.03
66-67.
.10.75 11.42
93-94 .
2.57 2.52
13-14. . .48.67 50.89
40-41.
.27.43 29.26
67-68.
.10.25 10.89
94-95 .
2.44 2.39
14-15. . .47.79 50.00
15-16. . .46.91 49.12
41-42.
42-43.
.26.71 28.50
.25.99 27.73
68-69.
69-70.
. 9.77 10.37
. 9.29 9.86
95-96.
96-97.
2.31 2.27
2.19 2.15
16-17. . .46.04 48.25
43-44 .
.25.27 26.97
70-71.
. 8.83 9.38
97-98.
2.06 2.05
17-18. . .45.18 47.39
44-45.
.24.56 26.21
71-72.
. 8.39 8.91
98-99.
1.93 1.94
18-19. . .44.34 46.54
45-46.
.23.86 25.45
7*^-73
. 7.95 8.46
99-100
1.80 1.84
19-20. . .43.52 45.71
46-47.
.23.16 24.70
73-74 '.
. 7.53 8.03
100-101
1.68 1.74
20-21. . .42.71 44.88
47-48.
.22.46 23.96
74-75.
. 7.13 7.61
101-102
1.56 1.65
21-22. . .41.92 44.07
48-49 .
.21.77 23.21
75-76.
. 6.75 7.20
102-103
1.45 1.55
22-23. . .41.13 43.26
49-50.
.21.08 22.48
76-77.
. 6.38 6.80
103-104
1.34 1.46
23-24. . .40.36 42.47
50-51.
.20.39 21.74
77-78.
. 6.04 6.41
104-105
1.25 1.37
24-25. . .39.57 41.67
51-52.
.19.70 21.02
78-79.
. 5.71 6.04
105-106
1.15 1.29
25-26. . .38.79 40.88
52-53 .
.19.02 20.29
79-80.
. 5.39 5.69
106-107
.... 1.21
26-27. . .38.00 40.09
53-54. . .18.35 19.58
80-81.
. 5.09 5.35
180
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
NEGRO EXPECTATION OF LIFE.
Age
Age
Age
Age
int'val.f Males. Females.
int'val.t Males. Females.
int'val.t Males.Females.
Int'val.t Males.Females,
Years.
0-1. .
§Years. fYears.
.34.05 37.67
Years.
28-29.
§Years. §Years.
.28.55 30.94
Years.
56-57.
§Years. §Years.
13.36 14.50
Years. §Years. §Years.
83-84. 4.84 5.4O
1-2. .
.42.53 45.15
29-30.
.27.94 30.27
57-58.
12.93 14.05
84-85 .
4.64 5.2a
2-3.
.44.55 46.95
30-31.
.27.33 29.61
58-59.
12.50 13.62
85-86 .
4.48 6.091
3-4. .
.45.01 47.12
31-32.
.26.74 28.96
59-60.
12.08 13.20
86-87.
4.36 4.97
4-5. .
.44.78 46.87
32-33 .
.26.16 28.33
60-61.
11.67 12.78
87-88.
4.26 4.8ft
5-6. .
.44.25 46.42
33-34.
.25.58 27.70
61-62.
11.27 12.37
88-89.
4.18 4.76
6-7. .
.43.62 45.81
34-35 .
.25.00 27.07
62-63 .
10.88 11.96
89-90.
4.10 4.64
7-8. .
.42.94 45.13
35-36.
.24.42 26.44
63-64.
10.49 11.56
90-91 .
4.01 4.5O
8-9. .
.42.20 44.39
36-37.
.23.84 25.81164-65;
10.11 11.18
91-92.
3.89 4.34
9-10 .
.41.44 43.62
37-38 .
.23.26 25.18165-66.
9.74 10.82
92-93.
3.75 4.14
10-11.
.40.65 42.84
38-39.
.22.69 24.56 1 66-67.
9.38 10.49
93-94.
3.57 3.92
11-12.
.39.85 42.06
39-40.
.22.12 23.94
67-68.
9.02 10.17
94-95 .
3.37 3.69
12-13.
.39.05 41.29
40-41 .
.21.57 23.34
68-69.
8.67 9.86
95-96.
3.15 3.45
13-14 .
.38.27 40.56
41-42.
.21.02 22.75
69-70.
8.33 9.54
96-97.
2.93 3.22
14-15.
.37.51 39.85
42-43 .
.20.48 22.16
70-71 .
8.00 9.22
97-98 .
2.72 2.99
15-16.
.36.77 39.18
43-44 .
.19.94 21.58
71-72.
7.69 8.89
98-99.
2.51 2.78
16-17.
.36.05 38.55
44-45 .
.19.39 21.00
72-73 .
7.39 8.55
99-100
2.32 2.58
17-18.
.35.37 37.95
45-46.
.18.85 20.43
73-74 .
7.11 8.21
100-101
2.14 2.39
18-19 .
.34.71 37.35
46-47.
.18.30 19.86
74-75 .
6.84 7.88
101-102
1.97 2.21
19-20.
.34.08 36.75
47-48.
.17.75 19.30
75-76 .
6.58 7.55
102-103
1.81 2.05
20-21 .
.33.46 36.14
48-49.
.17.22 18.75
76-77.
6.36 7.22
103-104
1.66 1.89-
21-22.
.32.86 35.53
49-50.
.16.71 18.20
77-78.
6.15 6.91
104-105
1.53 1.73
22-23 .
.32.26 34.90
50-51 .
.16.21 17.65
78-79.
5.96 6.61
105-106
1.40 1.59
23-24 .
.31.67 34.27
51-52 .
.15.72 17.10V
79-80.
5.76 6.32
106-107
1.27 1.43
24-25 .
.31.06 33.63
52-53.
.15.23 16.55^
80-81.
5.53 6.05
107-108
1.16 1.32
25-26 .
.30.44 32.97
53-54.
.14.75 16.01
81-82.
5.29 5.81
108-109 1.2a
26-27.
.29.81 32.29
54-55 .
.14.28 15.48
82-83 .
5.06 5.59
109-110 1.08-
27-28. . .29.18 31.61
55-56.
.13.82 14.98
•Period of lifetime between two exact ages.
tNumber of 100,000 persons born alive living
at beginning" of age interval. JNumber of
AMERICAN TABLE OF MORTALITY.
Used by insurance companies in computing- expectation of life.
100,000 born alive dying in age interval.
§ Average length of life remaining- to each one
alive at beginning of age interval.
No. No.
Exp't'n
No.
No. Exp't'n
No. No. Exp't'n
Aee. living, dying.
of life.
Ajre. living:
dying:, of life.
Ape. living, dying, of life.
10 100 000 749
48 72
39 78 8fi2
756 28 90
68. ..43.133 2.243 9.47
11 99,251 746
48.08
40.
.78,106
765 28.18
69.
...40,890 2,321 8.91
12 98,505 743
47.45
41.
.77,341
774 27.45
70.
...38,569 2,391 8.48
13 97 762 740
46 80
42
76 567
785 26 72
71.
. . .36,178 2,448 8.00
14 97,022 737
46.16
43'.
.75,782
797 26.00
72.
...33.730 2,487 7.55
15 96 285 735
45 50
44
74 985
812 25.27
73.
...31.243 2,505 7.11
16 95.550 732
44.85
45.
.74,173
828 24.54
74.
...28,738 2,501 6.68
17 94.818 729
44.19
46.
.73,345
848 23.81
75.
...26.237 2,476 6.27
18. . . 94.089 727
43.53
47.
.72.497
870 23.08
76.
...23,761 2,431 5.88
19 93.362 725
42.87
48.
.71,627
896 22.36
77.
...21,330 2,369 5.49
20 92.637 723
42.20
49.
.70,731
927 21.63
78.
...18,961 2.291 5.11
21 91,914 722
41.53
50.
.69,804
962 20.91
79.
...16,670 2.196 4.74
22 91,192 721
40.85
51.
.68.842
1,001 20.20
80.
..14,474 2,091 4.39
23 90.471 720
40.17
52.
.67,841
1,044 19.49
81.
...12,383 1,964 4.05
24 89.751 719
39.49
53.
.66,797
1,091 18.79
82.
...10.419 1,816 3.71
25 89,032 718
38.81
54.
.65.706
1,143 18.09
83.
. . . 8,603 1.648 3.39
26 88.314 718
38.12
55.
.64,563
1,199 17.40
84.
. . . 6.955 1,470 3.08
27 87,596 718
37.43
56.
.63,364
1,200 16.72
85.
. 5,485 1,292 2.77
28 86.878 718
36.73
57.
.62,104
1,325 16.05
86.
. . . 4,193 1,114 2.47
29 86,160 719
36.03
58.
.60.779
1,394 15.39
87.
. . . 3,079 933 2.18
30 85.441 720
35.33
59.
.59,385
1.468 14.74
88.
. 2,146 744 1.91
31. ... 84,721 721
34.63
60.
.57.917
1,546 14.10
89.
. . . 1.402 555 1.66
32. ... 84.000 723
33.92
61.
.56,371
1,628 13.47
90.
847 385 1.42
33. ... 83.277 726
33.21
62.
.54,743
1,713 12.86
91.
462 246 1.19
34. ... 82,551 729
32.50
63.
.53,030
1,800 12.26
92.
216 137 .98
35. ... 81,822 732
31.78
64.
.51.230
1,889 11.67
93.
79 58 .80
36. ... 81.090 737
31.07
65.
.49.341
1,980 11.10
94.
21 18 .64
37. ... 80,353 742
30.35
66..
.47,361
2,070 10.54
95.
3 3 .50
38. ... 79,611 749
29.62 67... .45,291
2,158 30.00
NORMAL HEIGHTS AND
WEIGHTS OF ADULTS.
Height. Weight.
Height. Weight.
Height. Weight. Height. Weight.
5 ft. 1 in.. 128 pounds
5 ft. 4 in.. 149 pounds
5 ft. 7 in.. 158 pounds 5 ft. 10 in.181 pounds
5 ft. 2 in.. 135 pounds
5 ft. 5 in.. 152 pounds
5 ft. 8 in.. 166 pounds 5 ft. 11 in.186 pounds
5 ft. 3 in.. 142 pounds
5 ft. 6 in.. 155 pounds
5 ft. 9 in.. 173 pounds 6 ft. 0 in. 190 pounds
HEIGHTS
Weight, ,
Height. Ibs. '
At birth 1 ft. 1 in. 8
6 months 2 ft. 0% in. 16
1 year 2 ft. 5 in. 24
1% years 2 ft. 8% in. 28
2 years 3 ft. 0 in. 32
AND WEIGHTS OF CHILDREN.
Weight,
Height. Ibs.
3 years 3 ft. 4 in. 36%
4 years 3 ft. 6 in. 41
5 years 3 ft. 8 in. 45
6 years 3 ft. 10 in. 49
7 years 4 ft. 0 in. 52^
Weight.
Height. Ibs.
8 years 4 ft. 2 in. 56te
9 years 4ft. 4 in. 62
10 years 4ft. 6 in. 68
11 years 4ft. 8 in. 74
12 years 4 ft. 10 in. 80
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
181
AGRICULTURAL,
WHEAT CROP OF COUNTED
1915.
Country. Bushels.
United States i O2S so i non
STATISTICS.
SS NAMED (1915-1918).
1916. 1917.
Bushels. Bushels.
636,318.000 636,655.000
242,000 192,000
17,931,000 16.318,000
29,667,000 41.040,000
147.559,000 117.921,000
65.088,000 52,992,000
2,294.000 5,280.000
1918.
Bushels.
917.100.000
*
*
*
*
Canada — New Brunswick
267,000
Ontario
30 252 000
Manitoba
96 425 000
Saskatchewan
195 168 000
Alberta
51 355 000
Other
. . '. . 2.837.000
Total Canada
376 304 000
262.781.000
11.468,000
233.743.000
*
189.301,000
•
Mexico
4.000.000
Total North America..
... 1 406 105 000
910,567,000
172.620,000
20,184,000
9.867,000
*
70.224,000
24.067.000
5.390,000
219,431.000
28,292,000
12.860,000
Argentina . .
168468000
Chile
19 002 000
Uruguay
3.596.000
Total South America
191 066 000
202.671.000
28,826.000
152,934.000
15.000.000
3.000,000
99,681,000
•
*
*
*
*
*
•
*
38 000 000
Hungary proper
. . .. 152 934 000
Croatia-Slavonia
15 000 000
3.000,000
Total Austria-Hungary
208 934 000
199.220,000
8.000.000
38,241,000
6,044.000
196.000
204.908,000
141,676.000
0 iMiO 01-0
170.530.000
403.000
4.035.1*00
.317.000
6.640.000
78.520,000
440,082,000
24,011,000
127,631.000
*
*
4.296,000
*
144,149,000
*
139.999,000
388,000
3,452,000
432.000
5,560.000
*
*
*
•
•
•
6.320,000
•
•
*
176,368,000
512,000
4.823,000
*
*
*
•
8 000 000
Bulgaria
. . .. 46 212.000
Denmark
7 979 000
Finland
130.000
France
225 132 000
Germany
141 676 000
6 000 000
Italy
170541*000
200 000
6 143 000
Norway ...
269 000
6 571 000
Roumania
. ... 80,241.000
Russia — Russia proper
525 450 000
Poland
Northern Caucasia
127.756,000
Total Russia (European) . .
Serbia
653,206.000
10.000 000
591.724.000
10,000,000
152,329,000
8,979,000
4,053.000
54.941.000.
1.466.000
2,336,000
2.916,000
g
142,674,000
6,864,000
4.556,000
57,397,000
1.726.000
2.510.000
4.717,000
135,709,000
135.709,000
6,616,000
7,095.000
*
*
Spain
139298000
§weden
9 170 000
tvitzerland
3 957 000
nited Kingdom — England
Wales
68,437,000
1 415 000
Scotland . .
3.053,000
3.238,000
Ireland
Total United Kingdom
Total Europe
76.143.000
1 808 802 000
61.659,000
1,699,504.000
323.008.000
1,924.000
30,137.000
138.000
6,146.000
16.000.000
44.132.000
50.308,000
126.000
66.350,000
*
379,232.000
34.739,000
*
•
*
*
93.099.000
379.829.000
31,127,000
*
•
•
*
•
British India
376 731 000
Cyprus ,
2 000 000
Japanese empire — Japan . . .
25 798 000
200 000
Korea
*
Persia
16 000 000
58 025 000
Siberia
50.321 000
Transcaucasia
Total Russia (Asiatic)
108346000
94.566,000
145,519.000
•
*
*
*
Turkey (Asia Minor)
35.000.000
Total Asia
Algeria
564,075.000
34 654 000
617,438,000
29.151.000
36.543.000
7,165.000
6,477,000
*
23,151,000
29,834,000
6,963,000
4.790.000
49.199,000
32,^55,000
8.451,000
8,833.000
Egypt '.....
39 148.000
Tunis . . ....
11 023 000
Union of South Africa ,
7.076.000
Total Africa
Australia — Queensland
91.901.000
1 635 000
79,336,000
427,000
68,869.000
60,366.000
35,210,000
18,811,000
1,025,000
2.463,000
36.585.000
51,162.000
45,745,000
16,103.000
348.000
*
*
*
*
*
*
•
New South Wales. . .
13 235 000
Victoria
4 065 000
South Australia
2 369 000
Western Australia
Tasmania
2.707.000
396.000
Total commonwealth
New Zealand
... 25.677.000
6.854.000
184,709.000
7.108.000
152,420.000
5.083.000
114,866.000
6.761,000
Total Australasia
•No official data.
32,531.000
191, 817,000
157.503,000
121.627,000
182
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CORN CROP OF COUNTRIES NAMED (1915-1918).
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918.
Country Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels.
United States... 2.994,793,000 2,566.927.000 3,065.233,000 2.582.814,000
Canada 14,368.000 6.282,000 7,763,000 6947000
Mexico . 60.000.000 110.065.000 • °,y*,,uu
167,307.000
4,050,000
180,550.000
25,000.000
7.000,000
222.550,000
35.000,000
14,000.000
121,824,000
9.275,000
86,412,000
44.655.000
18.743,000
220,600.000
35,000.000
17,104,000
81,547,000
9.275,000
86,412,000
62,207,000
18,520.000
Total North America 3,069,161,000 2,683,274,000
Argentina . 338,235,000 .161,133,000
Chile. 1.822.000 1,570!000
Uruguay 11.382.000 4.604,000
Total South America 351.439,000
Austria-Hungary— Austria 10.000,000
Hungary proper 180.550,000
Croatia-Slavonia 25.000,000
Bosnia-Herzegovina 7.000.000
Total Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
France
Italy
Portugal
Roumania
Russia— Russia proper
Northern Caucasia
Total Russia
Serbia
Spain
Switzerland
Total Europe
India
Japan
Philippines
Total Asia 100,523.000
Algeria .. 9,350,000 *
Egypt . 39.803,000 68302,000
Union of South Africa 30.750.000 26.304.000
Total Africa
Australian commonwealth
New Zealand
Total Australasia 9,005.000 7,134,000
Grand total 4.094.480.000 3.642.103,000
*No official statistica.
58.839,000 . 170,660.000
16.215.000
75 4 5;?, J 00
63,398,000
12.000.000
29.096.000
7,000
80,727.000
12,000.000
28,642,000
150.000
29.369.000
252 COO
24.141.000
358,000
593.555,000
82,200,000
3.570.000
14.753,000
571,457.000
100.080.000
4,102,000
14,083,000
93.760,000
3.705,000
13.441.000
118,265,000
110,906,000
302.000
63.757,000
36.516,000
29.708.000
70,903,000
8.721,000
284,000
94.666,000
6,794,000
340,000
100,575.000
8,527,000
274.000
425,000
8,801,000
OTHER CROPS BY COUNTRIES.
Figures incomplete on account of war.
Oats (1918).
Country. Bushels.
United States. . . 1,538,359,000
Canada 380,274,000
Argentina 75,783,000
Uruguay
Italy 41,336,000
Luxemburg 1,459,000
Netherlands
17,182,000
Spain 30,474,000
Sweden 64,684,000
United Kingdom 309,564,000
Algeria 26,564,000
Tunis 3,858.000
9,850,000
4,943,000
(1918).
256,375,000
77,290,000
9,186,000
Australasia . . .
New Zealand . .
Barley
United States..
Canada
Italy
Luxemburg —
Netherlands
136,000
2,176,000
Spain 90,496,000
Sweden 12,947,000
United Kingdom. 65,029,000
Japan 76,052,000
Algeria 58,422,000
Egypt 9,871,000
Tunis 9,186,000
Rye (1918).
United States... 89,103,000
Canada 10,376,000
Denmark 12,716.000
Italy 4.724,000
Luxemburg 422,000
Country.
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden . . .
Switzerland
Bushels.
10,207,000
30,445,000
25,648,000
1,850,000
Flaxseed (1917).
United States. .
Canada . .
Argentina
Uruguay
France
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
British India
Rice
Country.
9,164,000
5,935,000
• 3,996,000
122,000
134.000
323,000
222.000
22,000
21,040.000
(1917).
Pounds.
United States.... 964,972,000
Guatemala 20,733,000
Brazil 204,327,000
Peru 101,805,000
Italy 716.359,000
Spain 322,130,000
British India ...80,516.800,000
Japan 18,792,894,000
Philippines 1,671,684,000
Egypt 487,163,000
Potatoes (1917).
Country. Bushels.
United States... 438.618.000
Canada 79,892,000
Denmark 31,882,000
France 401.336,000
Italy 48,112,000
Luxemburg .... 5.925,000
Netherlands 89.-858.000
Country. Bushels.
Norway 42.584.000
|Pam 113.477,000
Sweden 83.700,000
Switzerland 38.580.000
United Kingdom. 321.209000
Japan
Algeria
Australia
New Zealand.
36,924,000
2,756,000
13,326,000
4.992,000
Cotton (1917).
Country.
United States...
Porto Rico . .
St. Croix '.
Barbados
British India
Korea
Egypt
Bales.
11.302.000
268
16
24
3,377.000
52,189
1.347.000
Tobacco (1917).
..Country. Pounds.
United States ...1.249,608,000
Porto Rico .... 17,114146
Canada 8.495.00Q
Dominican Rep. . 28,750 000
Brazil 56.788.527
Uruguay 558,425
France 17,142,308
Switzerland 881 840
Japan 91.766,475
Philippines 107,868,000
Algeria 36,155.000
Un. S. Africa.... 6.999,825
Hops (1917).
United States — 29,388.000
France 3.936.975
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
183
_ Country.
England
Pounds.
24.720,528
1.752.240
>17).
Bushels.
15.283,000
1.274,000
5,955,000
2.526,000
91.000
3.793.000
147,467,000
19.000
it).
3.026,000
463.000
2.529,000
2,225.000
567,000
242,000
Sugar (1917
Cane.
Country.
United States ....
1918).
Short Tons.
245,600
576,700
450,000
38,580
56,769
4,020,160
172,800
30,864
97,086
302,627
1,543
280,000
3,616,480
518,089
399,033
249,887
130.000
Beet (Ra
Country.
United States
Austria-Hungary
Denmark
*).
Short Tons.
765,207
584!219
147,708
220,752
220,434
1,373,400
1,904
917).
Pounds..
6.217.034
451,948
154,323
187.393
143.3OO
2.293,000
15.333,146
34.061,410
231.485
11. 02 A
Australia . .
Beans (li
Country.
United States....
Canada
Porto Rico
Netherlands ..
Russia
Australia
Raw Silk (1
Country.
Italy
France
Tobag-e
Cuba
Netherlands ....
Sweden
Dominican Rep..
Guadaloupe ....
Argentina ... ...
United Kingdom.
British India
France
Peas (19
Canada . .
Paraguay
Peru
Spain
Austria . . .
France
British India. . . .
Central Asia...
China
Japan
Netherlands
United Kingdom.
Australia
New Zealand . . .
Philippines
British India
Indo-China . .
Natal
State. *
Maine .....
New Hamp..
Vermont . .
Mass'ch'setts
Rhode Island
Connecticut .
New York..
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland .
Virginia . .
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina.
Georgia . . .
Florida
Ohio
'Acres.
27
28
45
40
13
56
820
279
1.560
lig
2.000
800
3,065
2.250
4,590
880
3,700
5,138
9,900
1,610
1,717
2,750
10,434
6,693
484
3,182
6.954
6,130
3.600
3.500
4.636
3.900
1.850
6.900
3.250
2.700
100
40
527
170
34
24
23
43
44
85
Corn
Yield,
bu.
45.0
45.0
38.0
52.0
44.0
50.0
36.0
41.0
40.0
31.0
35.0
28.0
31.0
21.0
17.0
15.0
16.0
36.0
33.0
35.5
30.0
40.5
40.0
36.0
20.0
19.0
34.0
17.7
7.1
26.0
24.0
14.6
17.0
16.0
10.0
7.5
13.0
21.0
25.0
21.0
25.0
28.0
28.0
32.0
40.0
38.0
31.0
35.0
(•
•Bushel.,
1,260
1.710
2.080
572
2,800
29,520
11,439
62,400
7,285
24,010
56,000
24,800
64,365
38,250
68,850
14,080
133,200
169,554
351,450
48,300
69,538
110,000
375.624
133,860
9.196
108.188
123,086
43,523
93,600
6874:608°a0
66.300
29,600
69,000
24,375
35,100
2,100
1,000
11,067
4,250
952
672
64
920
1.634
1,364
2.975
Indicates
•Value.
$2,029
1.890
2,907
3,536
1,030
4,788
51,660
17,158
96,720
9,908
32,414
89,600
44,640
113,926
74,588
113,602
19,430
173,160
201,769
421,740
62,790
90,399
122,100
458,261
191,420
11.955
119,007
157,550
64,849
136.656
121,800
100,175
100,113
47,656
121,440
39,975
63,180
2.835
1.400
14.940
7.650
1,999
1,216
134
1.684
2,778
2,114
5,742
000 omitted.)
State.
S. Carolina.
Georgia
•Acres.
205
356
2]346
2,524
715
58
69
300
3.074
115
3,016
7,217
933
750
140
30
892
2.611
254
682
80
430
127
38
160
5
298
401
635
506
Yield,
bu.
11.0
10.2
19.0
21.0
21.5
14.0
22.0
20.0
20.5
17.2
17.0
11.1
14.1
13.0
10.0
9.5
16.5
io.o
12.6
12.0
12.0
24.0
16.5
10.0
26.0
16.6
29.0
22.0
23.5
17.0
15.0
•Bushels.
2.255
3,631
43,225
49.266
54.266
10,010
1,276
1,380
6,150
52.873
1.955
33.478
101.760
12.129
7.500
1.330
495
8,920
32,899
3.048
8,184
1.920
7,095
'988
2,656
145
6,556
9.424
10.795
7,590
•Value.
$5.863
9,658
91,637
102,473
112.873
20,921
2,616
2,815
12.300
108.390
3,890
65.952
202,502
25.956
16,050
3,268
19^178
66,127
6.309
15.877
3.629
13,835
2,667
2,371
4,993
299
12,588
18,471
21,698
16,394
Indiana ....
Illinois
Michigan . .
Wisconsin ..
Minnesota .
Iowa . . .
Missouri . . .
S. Dakota. .
Nebraska . .
Kansas
Kentucky ..
Tennessee ..
Alabama . .
Mississippi. .
Texas
Oklahoma...
Arkansas . .
Montana ...
Wyoming ...
Colorado . . .
New Mexico
Arizona ....
Utah
Indiana . . .
Illinois ....
Michigan . .
Wisconsin .
Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri . .
N. Dakota.
3. Dakota. .
Nebraska ..
Kansas . . .
Kentucky .
Tennessee .
Alabama . .
Mississippi . .
Louisiana .
Texas
Oklahoma...
Arkansas ...
Montana . . .
Wyoming . .
Colorado . . .
New Mexico
Arizona ....
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington .
Oregon ....
California ,.
U. S
36,704 15.2 558.449 1.154,200
Spring Wheat.
23 22.0 506 J1.199
18 22.0 396 915
50 20.0 1,000 2,150
15 21.5 322 683
7 23.0 161 335
250 26.9 6,725 13 988
39 18.1 706 1,476
348 24.6 8,561 17.55O
3.730 21.0 78.330 159 793
750 18.0 13,500 27JOOO
18 15.6 281 576
7,770 13.0 101,010 205 05a
3,650 19.0 69,350 138,006
812 11.9 9,663 19,036
31 8.0 248 494
1,380 12.5 17.250 33,465
180 26.0 4,680 8845
312 20.0 6,240 12168
86 '£4.0 2.064 4,334
160 £3.8 3.808 7459
37 25.0 925 1,906
547 21.0 11.487 22055
1,790 9.5 17,005 33.330
403 11.0 4.433 8^10
Maine ..
Vermont ...
New York..
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois ....
Michigan . .
Wisconsin . .
Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri ...
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota. .
Nebraska ..
Kansas ....
Montana . .
Wyoming . .
Colorado . .
New Mexico
Utah
Nevada ....
[daho
Washington .
Oregon
U. S "
Nevada
Idaho
Washington .
Oregon
California .
US 1
07,494 24.0 2,582,814 3,528,313
Winter Wheat.
380 18.0 6.840 $14,706
100 17.0 1.700 3,655
1,454 17.0 24,718 52,897
133 13.0 1,729 3,838
732 15.5 11,346 24,848
1.300 12.0 15,600 34,164
348 14.2 4,942 10,922
1.015 7.0 7.105 16,342
New York..
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland . .
Virginia ....
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
22,406
16.0
358.651
720,423
184
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
r
State. *
Maine
Acres.
169
24
103
12
2
24
1,260
85
1.210
5
60
225
160
325
500
600
60
1.800
2.025
4.508
1.658
2.364
3.282
5,466
1,524
2.575
2,160
2.531
2.329
400
325
428
280
80
1.510
1.380
442
680
"45
11
98
14
237
310
361
175
Oats.
Yield.
4^6
38.0
41.0
40.0
42.0
38.0
41.0
40.0
39.0
35.0
33.0
23.0
27.0
20.0
2° 0
20iO
18.0
44.0
42.0
44.0
40.0
46.6
41.0
42.0
29.0
23.5
39.0
22.2
22.0
24.0
25.0
19.0
20.0
25.0
14.7
24.0
25.5
30.0
41.0
33.0
38.0
40.0
38 !o
40.0
27.0
25.0
32.0
•Bushels.
6.760
912
4.223
480
84
912
51.660
3.400
47.190
175
1.980
5,175
4,320
6,500
1 1.000
12,000
1,080
79.200
§5,050
8,352
66.320
110.162
134.562
229.572
44.196
60,512
84.240
56.188
61.238
9.600
8,125
8,132
5,600
2,000
22.197
' 33,120
11,271
20.400
11,685
9,669
1,260
440
4,410
532
9.480
8,370
9,025
5,600
1
*Value.
86,084
793
3.801
437
76
§21
94
2.686
37.752
152
1.703
5.175
3.931
7.020
12.980
14.280
1,242
55.440
56,984
132,896
45,761
73,809
84.774
146,926
30.93-7
36,912
49.702
36,522
37,404
8,640
7.556
8.701
6,992
1.980
20,421
27.821
9,918
16.320
9.348
7.735
1.121
628
4.278
628
8.911
8.203
8.664
5264
State. *Acres.
Oregon .... 178
California . 1.320
Yield,
bu.
25.0
26.0
*Bushels.
4.450
34.320
•Value.
$6,052
39,468
New Hamp.
Vermont . . .
Mass'ch'setts
.Rhode Island
Connecticut.
New York..
JSTew Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland . .
Virginia
W, Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina.
Georgia . . .
Florida ....
Ohio
U S 9679
26.5
Rye.
21.0
20.0
22.0
16.5
18.5
17.0
14.5
15.0
12.0
13.7
8.0
11.2
8.8
17.0
16.5
19.0
14.3
17.6
20.0
19.0
14.0
10.5
18.0
12.9
14.3
13.6
10.0
11.0
5.4
11.0
10.5
12.0
18.0
12.0
13.0
15.0
10.0
12.0
256,375
20
57
144
2.375
1.276
4.165
16
400
1.200
270
520
170
133
1.872
4,110
2.100
4,774
7.585
C.716
900
441
9,880
6.560
3,354
1,540
525
196
38
20
90
27
114
280
432
104
46
89
394
235,269
$35
182
496
3.179
2.336
7.012
24
765
2.100
542
950
596
370
2.830
10.283
5,700
10.125
11.511
13,050
1.508
776
29.612
14.594
6.757
4,133
1,423
576
115
52
165
44
346
684
454
374
99
140
1.009
Vermont ... 1
Mass'ch'setts 4
Connecticut. 11
New York.. 112
New Jersey. 73
Pennsylvania 250
Delaware . . 1
Maryland ... 30
Virginia . . . 100
W. Virginia. 22
N. Carolina . 60
S. Carolina. 18
Georgia ..... 20
Ohio 111
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan . .
Wisconsin ..
Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri . . .
N. Dakota . .
S. Dakota. .
Nebraska ..
Kansas ....
Kentucky . .
Tennessee ..
Alabama ...
Mississippi. .
Louisiana ..
Texas ....
Indiana 410
Illinois 200
Michigan .. 472
Wisconsin .. 436
Minnesota . 435
Iowa 54
Missouri .. . 34
N. Dakota.. 1.945
S. Dakota.. 575
Nebraska .. 388
Kansas .... 170
Kentucky .. 65
Tennessee .. 30
Alabama ... 4
Texas 4
Oklahoma .
Arkansas . . 2
Montana . . 20
Wyoming . . 25
Colorado .. . 27
Utah 16
Oklahoma .
Arkansas . .
Montana ...
"Wyoming . .
Colorado...
:New Mexico
Arizona ....
Utah ..
[daho 4
Washington .
Oregon .... 41
Nevada ....
Idaho
Washington.
Oregon
California ..
U. S 6.185
F
Minnesota .. 300
Iowa 13
14.4
laxseed
10.4
11.0
8.0
7.8
9:5
9.5
5.0
5.2
9.0
62.933
2,090
132
51
3.764
980
28
336
1.749
20
14
134.947
$10.639
458
144
23.681
4.446
125
676
9.613
88
Missouri ... 6
N. Dakota.. 880
S. Dakota.. 144
Nebraska .. 4
Kansas .... 41
Montana . . . 547
Wyoming . . 3
Colorado
u. s
Maine
44,400
12
1
16
•fl
6
12
100
45
250
275
711
1.400
360
10
1,734
1,400
343
604
7
8
10
8
87
30
176
14
30
32
12
175
173
34.6 1,538.359 1.092.423
Barley.
25.0 300 $447
32.0 32 48
31.0 496 759
31.5 3,938 4.962
28.0 420 504
31.0 186 223
27.0 324 518
§1.5 3,150 2,930
7.0 1.665 1.732
36.0 9.000 8.100
30.3 8.332 8.332
35.7 25.383 23.352
31.0 43,400 34.720
31.5 11.340 9.639
25.0 250 288
21.5 37,281 27.215
29.5 41,300 32,214
16.5 5,660 4.811
10.0 6,040 5,738
28.0 196 274
23.0 184 280
17.0 170 221
17.0 136 169
22.0 1,914 1.914
37.0 1.110 1,443
28.0 4,928 5.569
28.0, 392 431
34.0, 1.020 1.326
35.0. 1,120 1.568
34.0 408 628
28.0 4.900 6.370
15.2 2.630 3.024
Uew Hamp.
Vermont . . .
3Sew York..
Pennsylvania
Maryland . .
Virginia ...
Ohio
U S 1,938
7.6
Rice.
20.0
23.0
26.0
24.0
45.0
25.0
23.0
31.0
32.0
43.0
66.0
9.164
8
75
27
21
18
11
63
15,500
7,140
6,232
5,644
49.870
$20
203
54
41
104
35.061
15,445
13.158
13.321
N. Carolina, 500
S. Carolina. 4,500
Georgia .... 1,200
Florida 1.200
Missouri ... 550
Alabama . . 600
Mississippi.. 3,000
Louisiana ..580.000
Texas 245.000
Arkansas . .170.000
California ..106,220
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan . .
Wisconsin ..
Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri ...
N. Dakota . .
S. Dakota . .
Nebraska ...
Kentucky . .
Tennessee ..
Texas
Oklahoma ..
Montana ...
Wyoming . .
Colorado ...
New Mexico
Arizona . . .
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington.
U. S 1.112.770
Bu
Maine . . 21
36.3 34,739
ckwheat.
20.0 420
17.0 34
21.0 294
16.0 32
19.0 152
15.0 4.725
18.0 306
18.0 5.850
20.5 82
77.474
$630
68
470
63
319
8.269
520
9.360
117
New Hamp. 2
Vermont ... 14
Mass'ch'setts 2
Connecticut.
New York.. 315
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania 325
Delaware . . 4
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
185
Yield.
Yield.
State. *i
bu.
•Bushels.
•Value.
State. *Acres.
bu.
•Bushels.
•Value.
Maryland . .
14
20.0
280
$462
Kentucky . . 13
95
1.235
$2.161
Virginia . . .
38
21.0
% 798
1.301
Tennessee . . 30
98
2.940
3,998
W. Virginia.
47
19.5
916
1,585
Alabama . . 153
96
14.688
16.891
N. Carolina.
14
21.0
294
441
Mississippi.. 89
95
8.455
8,793
Ohio
28
16.0
448
699
Louisiana .. 65
75
4.875
6,240
Indiana ....
24
15.0
360
576
Texas 87
58
5.046
8.830
Illinois
4
17.8
71
128
Oklahoma . 15
65
975
2.145
Michigan . .
78
10.0
780
1,326
Arkansas . . 38
90
3,420
4.720
\Visconsin . •
40
15.9
636
1.049
New Mexico 2
125
250
625
Minnesota .
15
-i &
17.0
1 *^ A
255
434
432
California .. 6
170
1.020
1,530
Iowa .......
Missouri . .
lo
•7
-LO.U
13 0
~91
164
US... 922
93 6
86,334
116,867
Nebraska . .
2
14.0
28
46
Tnbacc.n
Tennessee ..
5
18.0
90
126
Yield.
U. S ~
T.040
16.5"
17,182
28,585
State. Acres.
Mass'ch'setts 10,000
Ibs.
1.500
•Pounds.
15,000
•Value.
$6.000
p
ytatoes
Connecticut. 25,000
1,500
37.500
16.500
"M" i t*
112
200
22,400
$26,880
New York.. 3.000
1.250
3.750
1,125
New Hamp.
Vermont
21
26
140
130
2,940
3,380
4,263
4.664
Pennsylvania 45.600
Maryland .. 28,600
1,420
830
64,752
23,738
16,188
7,121
Mass'ch'setts
Rhode Island
Connecticut .
New York. .
36
5
26
380
133
130
95
92
4,788
650
2.470
34.960
8.140
1,124
4.076
42,651
Virginia ...190.000
W. Virginia. 13,600
N. Carolina. 400.000
S. Carolina. 86,400
770
720
705
720
146,300
9,792
282,000
62,208
38.038:
2,546
101. 52O
18,662
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland
92
305
11
50
92
80
87
80
8,464
24,400
957
4,000
14,389
36,844
1.340
4,800
Georgia . . . 2.900
Florida .. 4,600
Ohio 115.600
Indiana . . . 16,300
920
960
980
930
2.668
4.416
113.288
15.159
1,334
2,031
30,588
3,032
Virginia
125
94
11,750
14,100
Illinois 700
V60
532
90
W. Virginia.
60
87
5.220
8.352
Wisconsin .. 49,000
1.330
65,170
19.551
N Carolina .
45
95
4.275
5.771
Missouri . . 3,300
900
2.970
742
S Carolina .
28
102
2.856
5.512
Kentucky . 475.000
900
427.500
98.325
Georgia . . .
23
70
1,610
2.978
Tennessee . 77,800
800
62.240
10,581
Florida
35
100
3,500
7,000
Alabama . . 1,000
700
700
210
Ohio
160
69
11,040
16,560
Louisiana .. 300
420
.126
82
97
80
7 760
10 476
Texas
Indiana . . .
Illinois
160
72
ll!520
17,050
°5 418
Arkansas . . 300
700
210
52
Michigan . .
Wisconsin . .
340
295
112
33!040
261432
U. S 1,549,000
865.1
1.340.019
374.31&
Minnesota . .
312
105
32,760
24.570
Hay (Tame).
Iowa . . . •> . • •
134
72
9,648
12.832
Yield
Missouri ...
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota . .
Nebraska . .
114
90
90
121
61
99
91
86
6,954
8.910
8,190
10.406
10,640
6,504
7,617
12.279
State. • Acres.
Maine 1,196
New Hamp. 472
Vermont ... 993
tons.
1.15
1.15
1.30
•Tons.
1.375
543
1,291
•Value,
$19.112
10.208
21.043
Kansas ....
Kentucky ..
Tennessee . .
Alabama . .
Mississippi. .
Louisiana . .
Texas
Oklahoma ..
Arkansas . .
Montana ...
Wyoming . .
Colorado .. .
New Mexico
80
75
50
60
20
55
60
37
48
52
30
72
10
53
75
70
80
80
79
55
34
50
135
150
158
100
4,240
5,625
3.500
4,800
1,600
4,345
3,300
1,258
2,400
7,020
4,500
11,376
1,000
9^281
5,775
8,688
2,640
6,518
6,600
2,453
4,416
5,616
3,825
11,262
1,600
Mass'ch'setts 469
Rhode Island 58
Connecticut . 403
New York . . 4,300
New Jersey. 350
Pennsylvania 3,030
Delaware . . 80
Maryland .. 473
Virginia ... 1,142
W. Virginia. 798
N. Carolina . 590
S. Carolina. 260
Georgia . . . 683
1.20
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.40
1.41
1.25
1.35
1.35
1.30
1.16
1.10
.90
563
75
524
5.375
490
4,272
100
639
1,542
1,037
684
286
615
14,638
1.912
12,576
109.650
13,720
101,246
2.800
17.125
35.466
24,370
14,364
7,465
14.452
Arizona . . .
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington .
Oregon ....
California ..
5
20
9
29
65
50
90
85
180
171
180
132
110
143
425
3.600
1,539
5,220
8.580
5.500
12,870
3,492
1.893
4.228
8.666
5.500
15,444
Florida .... 105
Ohio 2.925
Indiana . 2.210
Illinois 3.372
Michigan . . 2.598
Wisconsin .. 2,582
Minnesota . 1,850
1.14
1.40
1.45
1.35
1.03
1.37
1.40
120
4.095
3,204
4.552
2,676
3,537
2,590
2,220
90,909
63.439
95.592
62.886
76,399
36,519
U S
4,210
1)5.0
400,106
478.136
Iowa 3,297
Missouri 2 989
1.30
90
4,286
2,690
78,005
55 145
Sweet Potatoes.
N. Dakota!! '522
ji.'io
'574
8!380
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
23
1
5
125
120
2,875
• 120
600
$5,462
750
S. Dakota . . 772
Nebraska . . 1,701
Kansas ..... 1,869
; 1.60
,1.40
1.40
1.235
2.381
2.617
12.350
40.953
50,770
Maryland
11
130
1,430
2,145
Kentucky .. 1.072
1.30
1.394
33.038
Virginia . . .
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina.
Georgia ....
Florida ....
Ohio
«O
2
81
80
130
36
1
120
106
110
95
92
110
96
3,360
212
8.910
7.600
11.960
3.960
96
4,872
432
11.761
10.792
14.950
4,950
168
Tennessee .. 1.200
Alabama . . 1,596
Mississippi.. 347
Louisiana .. 200
Texas ,581
Oklahoma . 564
Arkansas ... 403
1.35
.81
1.20
1.30
1.00
1.20
,1.30
1.620
1,293
416
260
581
677
524
38.880
26.248
7.696
5,512
14.467
13.202
10,218
Indiana . . .
Illinois
3
8
108
82
324
656
632
1,148
Montana ... 767
Wyoming .. 580
' 1.60
.2.10
1.227
1.218
24,049
17.052
Iowa
3
93
279
586
Colorado . . 951
2.15
2.045
31.698
Missouri . . .
Kansas
8
4
91
80
728
320
1.354
710
New Mexico 164
Arizona ... 150
2.20
3.20
361
480
7,220
11.52O
186
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Yield.
State. *Acres. tons.
Utah 434 2.35
Nevada .... 221 2.60
Idaho 667 2 90
•Tons.
1.0.20
575
1.934
1.429
1.467
2.970
•Value.
$17.442
11.442
34,038
36,297
29.340
59.400
Broom Corn.
Yield,
State. Acres, tons. Tons. *Value.
Illinois .... 31.000 0.290 9.000 $3600
Kansas . . . 58,000 .147 8.500 1,488
Texas 74.000 .260 19.200 4.992
Oklahoma .140.000 .115 16.100 2608
Colorado . . 30,000 .175 5,200 910
Washing-ton 794 1.8Q'
Oreg-on .... 815 1.80
California 2,376 1.25
U s 55 971 1.35
75.459 1
* Bales.
26
870
1,500
2;iOO
25
820
1.210
525
2.580
330
70
550
100
51
8
522.473
*Value.
$3.445
114.840
207.000
288.750
5,375
110,700
168.190
72,188
363,780
129.965
44.055
9,450
70.125
15,000
12,240
1.104
Total 333,000 .174 58.000 13.598
Cranberries
Yield,
State. Acres. brls. Barrels. *Value.
Mass'ch'setts 14.000 14.3 200.000 $2,500
New Jersey. 11.000 10.4 114.000 969
Wisconsin . 2,200 16.4 36.100 325
Cotton.
Yield.
State. *Acres. Ibs.
Virginia .. 46 270
N. Carolina 1,565 265
S. Carolina 3,047 235
Georgia . . 5,338 188
Florida .... 154 78
Alabama .. 2.451 160
Mississippi. 3,132 185
Louisiana . 1.560 161
Texas 11,235 110
Arkansas . 2,888 155*
Tennessee . 940 168
Missouri .. 156 215
Oklahoma . 3,095 8,5
California 181 265
Arizona ... 87 280
Other 15 258
Total .... 27,200 12.9 350.100 3,794
Oranges.
•Boxes. * Value.
Florida 5265 $13952
California 14 322 78 771
Total 19 587 92 723
Grain Sorghums.^
Yield,
State. *Acres. bu. *Bushels. *Value.
Kansas 2,139 9.4 20,107 $30.160
Texas 1.605 15.0 24.075 36.112
Oklahoma . 1.526 10.0 15,260 22.890
Colorado . . 92 19.0 1,748 2,552
New Mexico 199 18.0 3,582 5.373
Arizona ... 58 28.0 1,624 2,761
U. S 35 890 155 9
11.700 1
*Pounds.
1.254
2.939
3.500
12\500
616.207
•Value.
$282
441
735
2,500
Hops*
Yield.
Acres. Ibs.
New York.. 3.800 330
Washing-ton. 3.100 948
Oregon 10.000 350
California . 11.000 1.136
Total 5,619 11.8 66.396 99,848
•000 omitted, t Kafirs, milo maize, feterita.
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS IN 1918.
Production. Farm value.
Apples, barrels 173.632.000 $220.990.000
Peaches, bushels.,.. 40.185.000 66.587.000
Pears bushels. . 10.342000 14,200,000
Total 27,900 723.8
Peanuts.
Yield.
State. Acres. bu. *
Virginia ...140.000 42
N. Carolina. 160. 000 45
S. Carolina.. 14.000 45
Georgia ...362,000 28
Florida 153,000 34
Missouri ... 400 40
Tennessee .. 18,000 38
Alabama ..747.000 23.4
Mississippi.. 5.000 31.5
Louisiana .. 4.500 24
Texas 647000 11
20.193
Bushels.
5.880
7,200
630
10,136
5,202
16
684
17.480
158
108
7.117
440
546
3,958
•Value.
$11.936
14,904
1.840
16.218
8,011
38
1,211
24,647
240
198
14,661
964
961
Cabbage, tons... 565.200 14.818.000
Onions bushels . 13,438 200 16,268.000
Broomcorn. tons 53.000 13.598.000
Sorghum sirup, gals. 29,224.000 28.035.000
Maple sugar, Ibs.... 53.512.000 12.074.000
Hay (wild), tons.... 14.374,000 219,185.000
RANK OF STATES BY CROP VALUES.
, — Rank. — ,
State. Value. 1918. 1918.1917.
Maine $79.410.000 37 37
Oklahoma . 20,000 22
Arkansas . . 21,000 26
Total ...2.291,900 24.3.
Clover Seed.
New York.. 5.000 2.8
Pennsylvania 12.000 1.3
Ohio 126 000 1 1
55,597
14
16
139
176
298
121
101
18
22
38
6
8
34
12
78
21
95.829
$252
304
2.850
3,485
5,662
2.493
2.101
324
438
654
102
136
666
216
1.599
504
Vermont 50 874 000 42 42
Massachusetts . .».. 70,204,000 38 38
Rhode Island 7 965 000 48 48
Connecticut . 59,964.000 40 39
New York 447.216.000 11 12
New Jersev 103.321.000 35 34
Pennsylvania 459,929,000 10 14
Delaware 26 290 000 46 45
Indiana ....135.000 1.3
Elinois 175,000 1.7
Michigan ... 93.000 1.3
Wisconsin .. 56.000 1.8
Minnesota . 16.000 1.1
Iowa 16.000 1.4
Missouri ... 29.000 1.3
Nebraska... 4.000 1.6
Kansas 6.000 1.3
Mao-land 127,231,000 32 31
Virginia 322.224.000 25 23
West Virginia 141.043.000 30 30
North Carolina.. .. 537.438.000 7 11
South Carolina 446,313.000 12 15
Georgia 590.292,000 4 4
Florida ' 103 144 000 36 35
Kentucky .. 23.000 1.5
Tennessee .. 6,000 2.0
Idaho 13 000 6 0
Ohio .. 541.400,000 6 5
Indiana 507.563,000 8 8
Illinois 879,679,000 1 1
Oreg-on 7.000 3.0
Total 722.000 1.5
Beans.
New York. .200. 000 8.3
Michigan ..543.000 9.0
Colorado . .252.000 6.5
N. Mexico.. 149. 000 4.0
Arizona ... 18,000 4.0
California .592.000 15.0
1.102
(1.660
4.887
1.638
596
72
8,880
21,786
$11.122
24.435
7.207
2.563
360
47.952
Michigan 336,669.000 22 19
Wisconsin . 417 888 000 15 17
Minnesota 562.545.000 5 9
Iowa 821,920,000 2 2
Missouri . 482 436 000 9 6
North Dakota.... 375,601,000 19 27
South Dakota 438,880,000 13 18
Nebraska 390.944.000 17 7
Kansas 424.298,000 14 13
Kentucky 385.066.000 18 20
rennessee . 324.256.000 24 24
Total ..1.754.000 10.1
17.733
93.639
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
187
^-- Rank.-^
State. Value. 1918. 1918.1917.
Alabama §366 677.000 20 25
^-Rank.-^
State. Value. 1918. 1918. 1917.
Arizona $42 267 000 43 44
Mississippi 403,789.000 16 21
Utah . 54,759.000 41 41
Louisiana 282 640 000 26 26
Nevada . . .24 536 000 47 47
Texas 695,651.000 3 3
Idaho 107,111,000 34 36
Oklahoma . 264.502,000 27 22
Arkansas 331 479 000 23 16
Washing-ton 135.255.000 31 29
Oreg-on . 122 481 000 33 32
Montana 146.713.000 29 33
California 365,028,000 21 10
Colorado 153.639.000 28 28
New Mexico 40,711,000 44 43
United States 14.090,769,000
PRINCIPAL FARM CROPS OF TI
[From tables prepared by the
Corn.
Year. Acres. Bushels. Value.
1909 98383000 2552190000
IE UNITED STATES BY YEARS,
department of agriculture.]
Rye.
Year. Acres. Bushels. Value.
1909 Q 196 000 29 5°0 000
1910.104.035,000 2, 886,260. 000$1,384,817.000
1911.105.825.000 2.531.488,000 1,565.258.000
1912.107,083.000 3,124.746.000 1,520,454.000
1913.105.820,000 2.446,988,000 1.692.092.000
1914.103.435,000 2.672,804,000 1.722,070,000
1915.106.197.000 2.994.793.000 1,722.680.000
1916.105.296.000 2,566.927.000 2,280.729.000
1917.116.730,000 3.065,233.000 3,920.228,000
1918.107.494,000 2.582.814,000 3,528,313,000
All Wheat.
1909. 44.261,000 683 350 000 .
1910. 2',185.000 34,897.000 $24,953,000
1911. 2.127.000 33,119,000 27.557.000
1912. 2.117.000 35.664.000 23.636,000
1913. 2,557.000 41.381,000 22.220.000
1914. 2.541.000 42.779.000 37,018.000
1915. 3.213.000 48.862.000 59.676.000
1916. 3.096.000 47.383.000 57,857,000
1917. 4.317.000 62.933.000 104.447.000
1918. 6,185.000 89,103,000 134,947,000
Barley.
1909 7 698 000 173 321 000 :
1910. 45,681,000 635,121.000 561,051.000
1911. 49,543.000 621.338.000 543,063.000
1912. 45.814.000 730.267,000 555,280,000
1913. 50.184,000 763.380,000 610,122.000
1914. 53,541,000 891,017.000 878,680.000
1915. 60,469,000 1.025,801,000 942,303,000
1916. 52,316,000 636.318,000 1,019,968.000
1917. 45.089,000 636,655.000 1,278,112,000
1918. 59,110.000 917.100,000 1,874.623.000
Oats.
1909. 35,157,000 1.007,129 000 .
1910. 7.743.000 173.832.000 100,426.000
1911. 7,627,000 160,240,000 139.182.000
1912. 7,530.000 223.824.000 112.957.000
1913. 7.499,000 178.189,000 95.731,000
1914. 7.565.000 194.953.000 105.903.000
1915. 7,148.000 228.851.000 118.172.000
1916. 7.757.000 182.309.000 160.646.000
1917. 8.933.000 211.759.000 240.758.000
1918. 9,679,000 256.375,000 235,269,000
Buckwheat.
1909 878 000 14 849 000
1910. 37.548,000 1.186,341.000 408.388.000
1911. 37,763.000 922,298,000 414,663.000
1912. 37.917.000 1.418,337,000 452 469 000
1913. 38.399.000 1.121,768.000 439,596.000
1914. 38,442.000 1,141.060,000 499,431,000
1915. 40,996,000 1,549,030,000 559 506 000
1916. 41,527,000 1.251.837.000 655,928,000
1917. 43,553.000 1,592,740.000 1,061,474,000
1918. 44,400,000 1,538,350,000 1,092,423.000
Cotton.
Year. Acres. Bales. Value
1910. 860,000 17.598.000 11,636.000
1911. 833.000 17.549.000 12,735.000
1912. 841.000 " 19.249,000 12.720.000
1913. 805.000 13.833.000 10.445.000
1914. 792.000 16.881.000 12,892.000
1915. 769.000 15.056.000 11.843.000
1916. 828,000 11.662.000 13,147.000
1917. 924.000 16.022,000 25,631,000
1918. 1.040.000 17.182,000 28.585,000
Potatoes.
1909 3 669 000 389 195 000
1910. 32,403,000 11.608,616 820,320 000
1911. 36,045.000 16,250.276 859,840.000
1912. 34,283,000 13.703.000 792,240.000
1913. 37.089,000 14,116.000 887,160.000
1914. 36,832,000 16,134.930 591.130.000
1915. 31.412.000 11.192.000 627.940.000
1916. 34,985,000 11,450.000 1,122,295.000
1917. 33,841,000 11.302.000 1.566.198,000
1918. 35.890.000 11,700,000 1,616,207,000
Hay.
Year. Acres. Tons. Value.
1910. 45.691.000 60.978.000 747.769,000
1911. 43,017.000 47,444.000 694.570 000
1912. 49.530,000 72.691.000 856,695.000
1913. 48.954.000 64.116.000 797.077.000
1914. 49.145,000 70.071.000 779.068.000
1915. 51.108.000 85.920.000 913.644 000
1916. 55.721.000 91.192.000 1.022.930.000
1917. 55.203,000 83,308.000 1.423.760.000
1918. 55,971,000 75.453,000 1,522,473,000
1910. 3.720.000 349.032.000 194.566.000
1911. 3,619.000 292.737.000 233,778.000
1912. 3.711.000 420.647.000 212.550.000
1913. 3.668.000 331.525.000 227.903.000
1914. 3.711.000 409.921.000 499,460.000
1915. 3,734.000 359.721.000 221.992.000
1916. 3.565.000 286.953.000 419.333.000
1917. 4,384.000 442.108,000 542.774.000
1918. 4,210,000 400,106,000 478,138,000
Tobacco.
Year. Acres. Pounds. Value.
1910. 1.366.000 1.103.415.000 102,142.000
1911. 1.013.000 905.109.000 85.210.000
1912. 1,226.000 962.855.000 104.063.000
1913. 1.216.000 953.734.000 122.481.000
1914. 1.224.000 1.034.679.000 101,411.000
1915. 1.370.000 1.062.237.000 96.281.000
1916. 1.412.000 1.150,622.000 169.008.000
1917. 1.518,000 1.249.608.000 300.539.000
1918. 1,549,000 1,340,019,000 374,318,000
AVERAGE FARM VALUE OF CROPS.
DEC.
1.
Wh't
Oats.
Corn
Rye.
Bar-
ley.
Bu'k-
wh't.
Pota-
toes.
Hay.
ton.
DEC.
1.
Wh't
Oats.
Corn
Rye.
"ctsT
t>{.4
8(5.5
83.4
122.1
KJfi.O
151.5
Bar-
ley.
Bu'k-
wh't.
Pota-
toes
Cts.
68.7
48.7
61.7
146.1
123.0
119.6
Hay.
ton.
1907..
1908..
1909 .
1910..
1911. .
1912. .
Cts.
87.4
92.4
99.0
88.3
87.4
76.0
Cts.
44.3
47.2
40.5
34.1
45.0
31.9
Cts.
51.6
60.6
59.6
48.0
61.8
48.7
Cts.
73.1
73.6
73.9
72.2
83.2
6*5.3
Cts.
06. 6
55.4
55.2
57.8
86.9
50.4
Cts.
69.8
75.6
«9.9
65.7
72.6
06.1
Cts.
61.7
70.6
54.9
55.7
70.9
50.5
DoN.
11.08
8.98
10. (!2
12.2I!
14.64
11.79
1913..
1914..
1915.
1916. .
1917..
1918. .
Cts.
79.9
98.6
91.9
160.3
200.8
204.4
Cts.
39.2
43.8
36.1
52.4
66.6
71.0
Cts.
69.1
64.4
57.5
88.9
127.9
136.6
Cts
53.7
54.3
51.6
88.2
113.7
91.8
Cts.
75.5
76.4
78.7
112.9
160.0
166.4
Dols.
12.43
11.12
10.63
11.21
n.09
20.18
188
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
BEET SUGAR PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From reports to U. S. department of agriculture. ]
STATE, AND YEAK OF
BEET CHOP.
Fac-
tor-
ies.
No.
Av.
length
of
ram-
paitrn.
Days.
Sugar
made.
Tons.*
BEETS USED FOR SUGAR.
ANALYSIS OF
BEETS.
Per-
c'tage
av. ex-
tract'n
of
sugar.
Area.
Acres.
Quantity worked.
Av.
price
per
ton.
Per-
c'tage
su-
crose. +
Per ct.
purity
coeffi-
cient.*
Tons.*
Av.
yield
acre.
California
13
loa.boo
182,700
44,100
117,600
51,300
43,100
118.000
14,300
59,700
102,400
126,500
32,600
108.200
42.800
33.300
83.600
12,600
50.100
843,700
1,912,200
336.600
893.700
446.100
328,900
1.012,900
110.410
458,100
8.24
11.16
10.34
8.08
10.04
9.88
12.11
8.76
9.14
$10.33
10.00
10.00
10.13
9.94
9.63
10.00
10.00
9.13
14
8
16
4
Idaho
Michigan
Nebraska
Ohio
5
Utah
16
4
Other states
12
United States. 1918
Total, 1917
?i
"••74"
80
740,100
765,207
820.657
592.100
664,797
665,308
5,822.600
5,625.545
5.919,673
9.83
8.46
8.90
10.02
7.39
6.12
16.28
16.3(1
83.89
84.74
83.54
85.03
Total, 1916
•Tons of 2.000 pounds. tBased upon weight of beets. ^Percentage of pure sugar in the
total soluble solids of the beets.
CENSUS REPORT OF BEET SUGAR MANUFACTURED.
1914. 1909.
Total acreage of beets planted -^39 491 4.1 ^ QR4
Total quantity of beets treated (tons of 2,000
Sugar — Quantity (tons of 2 000 pounds) .
Ibs.) . . 5 639 103 3 965,356
743 473 501 R82
Value *s« -^Qfi 4-Rft «4.a 037 fii>P
Granulated— Quantity (tons of 2,000 pounc
Value
Is) . . 739 233 496 807
. . R58 351 323 R45 R45 81 O
Raw — Quantity (tons of 2 000 pounds) 4 240 4 875
Value S239 142 8291,819
Molasses— Quantity (gallons of 12.2 pounds) 26 461 291 20 812 747
Value $1 536 192 $1 129 905
Pulp $2094,863 S795.900
All other products ---- S383 fi8P S258 949
$62,605.209 $48,122.383
LOUISIANA CANE SUGAR AND MOLASSES.
Factories. Sugar. Molasses.
Year. No. Tons.* Gals.
1918 263 540
Sheep, Wool,
State. Jan. 1 pounds
Kentucky 1 274 3 058
Tennessee 567 1,954
1917 140 243 600 30 7*'8 000
Alabama ... 140 368
1916 150 303 900 26 154 000
Mississippi 183 619
1915 136 137 500 12 743 000
Louisiana . . 230 594
1914 149 242 700 17 177 443
Texas 2,232 11,205
1913 153 292 698 24 046 320
Oklahoma 125 518
•Tons of 2,000 pounds.
SHEEP (1919) AND WOOL (1917).
(000 omitted).
Sheep. Wool.
State. Jan. 1. pounds.
Arkansas 147 402
Montana 2,984 23.342
Wvoming . 4 018 34,026
Colorado 2 303 9 261
New Mexico 3,135 17,132
Arizona 1 400 5 656
Utah 2,410 15.800
New Hampshire 39 192
Vermont 107 063
Nevada 1,520 10,000
Idaho 3.234 19,500
Washington 780 5.504
Rhode Island 7 24
Connecticut 24 76
New York 840 3,830
Oregon 2.497 12,500
California 2,943 12,545
New Jersey 29 88
Pennsylania 959 4 774
COTTON STATISTICS OF UNITED STATES.
In equivalent 500 pound bales.
Produc- Consump-
Year. tion. tion. Exports. Imports.
1790. 3,138 11.000 379 697
1800. 73.222 18.829 41.872 8,696
1810. 177,824 35.565 124.116 431
1820. 334.728 100.000 249,787 427
1830. 732.218 129,938 553,960 22
1840. 1.347.640 245.045 1,060,408 1,210
1850. 2,136,083 422,626 1.854,474 330
1860 3 841 416 841 975 615 032
Delaware 10 31
Maryland . 246 773
Virginia 713 1,918
West Virginia 789 2 830
North Carolina 138 5/0
South Carolina 29 103
Georgia ... . 144 478
Florida * 120 4° (5
Ohio 2 980 1° 600
Indiana ... 1 098 4 765
Illinois 1,028 4048
Michigan 2.119 8.7(55
Wisconsin 716 '.',850
Minnesota 642 3,112
Iowa 1,322 4.815
Missouri 1 539 5 532
1870. 4,024.527 1.026.583 2,922.757 1.802
1880. 6.356.998 1.805.922 4,453,495 5.447
1890. 8,562,089 2.604.491 5.850.219 45.580
1900.10.123.027 3.603.516 6,806.572 116,610
iniO.11.608.616 4.516.779 8.025.991 231.191
1915.16134.930 6.087.338 8.931.253 363.595
1916.11,191.820 7,326.598 6.405.993 420.995
1917.11.449.930 7.721.354 5963.682 288,486
1918.11.302.375 7.555.191 4.587.000 217.381
North Dakota 265 1 5*10
South Dakota 810 4*747
Nebraska 367 1,696
Kansas .. 460 1.624
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
189
LIVE STOCK IN TH
Department of agriculture estimate of live
stock on farms and ranges of the United States
on Jan. 1 of the years specified with value per
head and aggregate value:
Horses— Number. Per head. Total value.
1919 21.534.000 $98.48 $2.120.709.000
1918 21,555.000 104.24 2.246.970.000
1917 21.210.000 102.89 2,182.307.000
1916 21.159.000 101.60 2.149,786,000
1915 21.195.000 103.33 2.190.102.000
1914 20.962.000 109.32 2.291,638.000
1913. . . .20.567.000 110.77 2.278.222,000
1912 20.509.000 105.94 2.172.694.000
1911 20,277,000 111.46 2,259,981.000
Mules—
1919 4.925.000 135.59 667.767.000
1918 4.873.000 128.81 627.679.000
1917 4.723.000 118.15 558.006.000
1916 4,593.000 113.83 522,834.000
1915 4.479.000 112.36 503,271.000
1914 4.449.000 123.85 551.017.000
1913..,. 4,386.000 124.31 545.245.000
1912 4.362.000 120.51 525.657.000
1911 4,323,000 125.92 544,359,000
Milch cows—
1919 23.467.000 78.24 .836,055,000
1918 23.310,000 70.54 .644.231.000
1917 22.894.000 59.63 .365.251.000
1916 22.108.000 53.92 .191,955.000
1915 21.262.000 55.33 .176.338,000
1914 20.737,000 53.94 ,118.487,000
1913 20.497.000 45.02 922.783,000
1912 20.699.000 39.39 815.414.000
1911 20.823.000 39.97 832,209.000
Other cattle—
1919 44.399.000 44.16 .960.670.000
1918 44.112.000 40.88 .803.482.000
1917 41.689.000 35.92 .497,621.000
1916 39.812.000 33.53 .334.928.000
1915 37.067,000 33.38 .237.376.000
1914 35.855.000 31.13 ,116.333.000
1913 36.030,000 26.36 949.645,000
1912 37.260.000 21.20 790.064.000
1911 39.679,000 20.54 815,184,000
Sheep —
1919 49.863,000 11.01 579.016.000
1918 48.603.000 11.82 574,575.000
1917 47.616.000 7.13 339.529,000
1916 48,625,000 5.17 251.594,000
1915 49.956,000 4.50 224.687.000
1914.. . .49.719.000 4.02 200,045.000
1913 51,482,000 3.94 202.779.000
1912. .. .52,362.000 3.46 181.170,000
1911 53,633,000 3.91 209.535,000
Swine —
1919 75.587.000 22.04 1,665,987,000
1918 70.978.000 19.54 1.387.261,000
1917 67,503,000 11.75 792.898.000
1916. .. .67.766,000 8.40 569,573,000
1915. .. .64.618,000 9.87 637.479,000
1914 58.933,000 10.40 612,951.000
1913 61.178.000 9.86 603.109,000
1912. .. .65.410,000 8.00 523.328000
1911 65.620,000 9.37 615.170,000
The states having- the largest number of
farm animals of each of the above kinds Jan.
1. 1919, were:
Horses.
Iowa 1,583000 Minnesota . 950000
E UNITED STATES.
Wisconsin . . 694.000
Michigan ... 666,000
New York. . 578.000
Mu
Texas 792 000
Pennsylvania 578.000
Montana . . . 557.000
les.
Tennessee ...278.000
Kansas 260 000
Missouri 374 000
Georgia 344,000
Kentucky 231,000
N. Carolina... 208,000
S. Carolina.... 194. 000
Louisiana 164,000
Illinois 147 000
Mississippi ...316,000
Arkansas ....315,000
Alabama 304,000
Oklahoma ....288.000
Milch
Wisconsin ..1.803.000
New York... 1.478. 000
Iowa 1 381 000
Cows.
Kansas 964 000
Michigan 848,000
Indiana 713.000
Minnesota ..1.368.000
Illinois 1.060.000
Nebraska 662,000
Oklahoma . . .561,000
S. Dakota.. ..561.000
Texas 1.060.000
Ohio 1.030.000
Pennsylvania 979,000
Other
Texas 3.961.000
California ...561.000
Mississippi ...541.000
Cattle.
Oklahoma ..1.444.000
Illinois 1.367,000
Colorado .. .1.361,000
New Mexico.l. 325,000
Ohio 1,102.000
Arizona 1,100.000
Montana ...1,020.000
Wyoming- ...1.000,000
^Michigan ...2,119,000
Missouri ....1,539.000
Nevada 1,520,000
Iowa 1.322.000
Kentucky ...1.274.000
Indiana 1,098.000
Illinois 1,028.000
Wisconsin . . 716,000
Minnesota .. 642,000
'ne.
Tennessee . . 1,965.000
Kentucky .1,768.000
Arkansas ...1.725,000
S. Dakota... 1.654.000
Louisiana ..1,599.000
N. Carolina. 1,546, 000
Florida 1,512.000
Pennsylvanial.420,000
Michigan ...1,355.000
Virginia ...1,134,000
S. Carolina.. 1,056,000
Oklahoma ..1.036,000
California ..1.036.000
S~OF HORSES AND
,ES.
sreign and domestic
erce.]
-^ , Mules. v
No. Value.
34 65,788 $12,726,143
46 111,915 22,960,312
29 136.689 27.800.854
63 28,879 4,885.406
08 124 21.940
05 2,176 435,890
16 2.223 472,215
14 2.568 526.415
29 1.803 370.320
Nebraska ...2.940.000
Iowa 2 861 000
Kansas 2.401,000
Missouri ....1.782.000
California ..1.650.000
Minnesota ..1.632.000
S. Dakota. . . 1.496,000
Skt
Wyoming . .4.018.000
Idaho 3,234,000
New Mexico.3.135,000
Montana . . .2,984,000
Ohio 2.980,000
California ..2,943,000
Oregon 2,497,000
Utah 2.410.000
Colorado 2.303.000
Texas 2 232 000
Sw
Iowa 10,925.000
Illinois 5.724,000
Missouri ....4.943.000
Indiana 4,668.000
Ohio 4.266.000
Nebraska ..4.250.000
Georgia 3,043,000
Minnesota ..2.784.000
Kansas . ..2381000
Texas 2.320.000
Mississippi .2.282.000
Alabama . . .2.223.000
Wisconsin ..2,181,000
WAR TIME EXPORT
MUI
[U. S. bureau of f
comm
, Horses .
Year.* No. Value.
1915.289,340 $64.046,5
1916.357.553 73,531.1
1917.278.674 59.525,3
1918. 84.765 14,923,6
July.
1918. 2,966 549,2
Aug..
1918. 6.056 1,183,5
Sept..
1918. 3.509 828.0
Oct..
1918. 4.019 853.7
Nov..
1918. 2.707 482.1
•Ended June 30.
Illinois .. ..1467000 Ohio 891*000
Texas 1,164.000 N. Dakota... 8501000
Kansas 1,153.000 Indiana 829,000
Nebraska ...1.049,000 S. Dakota... 827.000
Missouri 1.040,000 Oklahoma .. 744,000
AVERAGE VALUE PER H
1919. 1918. 1917.
Horses $98 488104 28 $102 89 $
BAD OF FARM ANIMALS.
1916. 1915. 1900-9. 1890-9. 1880-9. 1870-9.
101.60 $103.33 $71.99 $48.24 $67.78 $62.07
113.83 112.36 84.98 58.79 76.63 75.65
53.92 53.33 30.12 23.35 26.65 27.27
33.53 33.38 18.09 16.53 19.77 17.54
5.17 4.50 3.13 2.23 2.21 2.32
8 4O fl.fi7 6.46 4.81 5.18 4.76
Mules 135 59 1°7 74 118 15
Milch cows 78i24 70.59 59^63
Other cattle 44 16 40 88 35 92
Sheep 11 '61 11 82 7'l3
Swine 22!04 19.51 11.75
190
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
Fig"ures are chiefly for calendar year 1917; fig-urea incomplete on account of war
Bushels.
57,014,000
Corn.
Exports-
United States .....
Norway* ' ' '.' '.'.'.'. '. 1 240,000
Sp£n ............. 2.179.000
Wheat.
...
uted States.. .. .106.202.000
rs.. 2,586,000
Italv .... 70,400,000
Spain ' '.'/.'. ......... 1,858,000
Wheat Flour.
rts — Barrels.
,138:888
Oats.
nited 'States ...... 98.689.000
19,802.000
691,000
200,000
illS.eOS.OOO
Norway
PhTlSines
Sited States. .. '. .
Barley.
........
United States ...... 17.859.000
Imports—
?taalyda. v:::::::::: 1.229:888
Norway ........... 2,115,000
Exports- V6' Bushels
Canada ......... ooo.ouu
UnHed States ...... 14.689.000
imports- ...... 1,440,000
:::.......: 5,095,000
Rice.
Exports— Pounds.
(No data available.)
Bushels.
542.000
1,311.624,000
Philippines ....... 324,045,000
United States ..... 266.471,000
Potatoes.
Exports—
Argentina .........
nited States .....
Imports—
Argentina ........
Canada ...........
Philippines .......
United States
888:888
2,425,000
15,000
463.000
287X300
3.182,000
Cotton Seed Oil.
Exports— Gallons,
'
'China ............. 1.38
Egypt ............ 648,000
Qnited States ...... 16.642.000
Imports —
Canada 4.371,000
Italy 71.000
Norway 3,635,000
Cotton.
Exports— Bales.
Brazil 27.000
China 235,000
Egypt 855,000
United States 5.180,000
Imports —
Canada 178,000
Italy 828,000
Spain 447.000
United States 290,000
Unmanufactured Tobacco.
Exports— Pounds.
Brazil 56,788,000
Philippines 15,134,000
United States 254,702.000
Imports —
Argentina 27,321,000
Canada *. 18,570,000
China >. 20,525.000
Egypt ., *.... 14.274.000
Italy 55,019.000
Norway 4,915.000
Spain 41,342,000
United States 57,960,000
Hops.
Exports — Pounds. '
United States 4,118,000
Imports —
British S. Africa.. 432,000
Canada 790,000
United States 194.000
Sugar.
Exports— Pounds.
Argentina 70.000
Brazil 289.925,000
China 30,871,000
Egypt . 57,296,000
Philippines •. 453,946,000
United Kingdom... 2.450,000
Import!- —
Argentina 353,127.000
British S. Africa.. 28.064,000
Canada 794,118.000
China 826,277.000
Egypt 24.077,000
Italy 123,964.000
Norway 124,377.000
United kingdom.. 2,413,410,000
United States 4,944,089.000
Tea.
Exports— Pounds.
China 149,342,000
Formosa 26.169.000
Imports —
British S. Africa.. 8,734,000
Canada 52,145,000
Chile 25.259,000
United States 126,795,000
Coffee.
Exports — Pounds.
Brazil 1.402.787,000
United States 50.062.000
Imports —
British S. Africa.
29.944.000
15,843,000
. 98,830,000
Norway ........... 32.901,000
Spain .............. 40,185,000
United States. ...1,286,524,000
Egypt
Italy
Oil Cake and Meal.
Exports— Pounds.
Canada 18,309,000
China 149,199,000
Egypt 181,434.000
[taly 22,885.000
United States 735,053,000
Imports — -
Canada 2,348,000
Italy 28,003
Norway 68,544,000
Rosin.
Exports— Pounds.
Spain 20,802,000
United States 417.664,000
Imports —
Canada 33,873,000
Italy 45.482,000
Norway 2,054,000
Spain 198,000
Turpentine.
Exports — Gallons.
Spain 1,260,000
United States 6.529,000
Imports —
Canada 1,039,000
Italy 702.000
Rubber.
Exports — • Pounds.
Brazil 74,912,000
Imports —
Canada 13,641,000
Italy 13,508.000
United States 405,638,000
Wood Pulp.
Exports— Pounds.
Canada 1.023,607,000
Norway 891,897.000
United States 77.717,000
Imports-
Italy 43,320.000
Spain 73,712.000
United States. .. .1.355.480,000
Butter.
Exports — Pounds.
Canada 4,345.000.
Italy 172,000
United States 7,196,000
Imports —
British S. Africa.. 27,000
Canada 466,000
Egypt 533.000
Switzerland 369.000
Cheese.
Exports— Pounds.
Canada 176.380.000
Italy 4,337,000
United States 53.510.00O
Imports —
British S. Africa.. 514,000
Egypt 148,000
Italy 9,000
Spain 411,000
Switzerland 214,000
United States 6,333,000
Wool.
Experts — Pounds.
British S. Africa. .121.348,000
China 51,564,000
Spain 18,339,000
Imports —
Canada 11.741,000
United States 420.995.000
$951.628,331
857.113,533
S7S.480.557
859.160,264
826,90^.777
'AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS BY YEARS.
1906.... $976.047.104
1907.... 1,054, 405, 416
1908 1,017,396,404
1909 903.238,122
1910.... 871,158,425
1911. ..$1,030, 794,402
1912. ...1.050. 627.131
1913.... 1.123, 021.469
1914.. ..1.113, 973. 635
1914 1.113,973.635 I 'Domestic, f
1915.... 1.475.937,607 ' United States.
1916.. .$1.518.071.450
1917.. ..1.968,253,288
1918.... 2.281.338.876
Domestic, from the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
191
ESTIMATED VALUE PER ACRE OF FARM LAND.
-Plow lands, 1919.-
-All farm lands.-
Av. for Av. for Av. for Without improvements. With improvements.
State or division. poor. good. all. 1917. 1916. 1912. 191?. 1916. 1912.
Maine ..................... $24.00 $50.00 $37.00523.00 $17.00 $15.00 $41.00 $37.00 $36.00
New Hampshire ............ 23.00 54.00 39.00 20.00 18.00 15.00 40.00 33.00 34.00
Vermont .................. 30.00 64.00 44.00 26.00 23.0.0 15.00 44.00 40.00 34.00
Massachusetts ............ 41.00 92.00 68.00 38.00 36.00 26,00 76.00 75.00 66.00
Rhode Island .............. 47.00 92.00 73.00 52.00 50.00 39.00 85.00 100.00 60.00
Connecticut ............... 37.00 80.00 55.00 36.00 33.00 28,00 62.00 62.00 55.00
New York ................. 38.00 80.00 60.00 46.00 42.00 36.00 72.00 67.00
New Jersey ................ 50.00 103.00 7600 60.00 55.00 516.00 105.00 100.00
Pennsylvania .............. 38.00 79.00 60.00 49.50 41.00 35.00 72.00 65.00 53.QO
65.00
93.00
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia ................... 3liOO
36.00 70.00 55.00 50.00 43.00 37.00 73.00 64.00 60.00
39.00 66.00 53 00 43.00 40.00 27.00 65.00 60.00 42.00
62.00 47.00 32.00 28.00 22.00 45.00 42.00 34.00
West Virginia ............. 29.00 64.00 44.00 30.00 27.00 21.00 42.50 39.00 32.00
North Carolina ............ 31.00 67.00 5000 30.00 23.00 17JOO 42.50 37.00 28.00
South Carolina ............ 27.00 56.00 45.0025.00 21.00 20.3)0 35.00 32.00 34.00
Georgia .................... 24.50 49.30 37.50 21.30 18.00 16.00 30.00 28.00 26.00
Florida .................... 21.00 48.00 33.00 25.00 23.00 21.00 55.00 52.00 45.00
Ohio ..................... 6300 11300 91.00 71.00 67.00 56.00 95.50 91.00 77.00
Indiana .................... 68.00126.00100.0081.00 78.00 64.00103.00 98.00 82.00
Illinois ..................... 100.00 170.00 144.00115.00 106.00 96,00 140.00 130.00 119.00
Michigan .................. 40.00 76.00 61.00 45.00 42.00 31.00 7Q.OO 65.00 54.00
Wisconsin ................. 60.00110.00 89.0068.00 62.00 43.00 95.00 90.00 63.QO
Minnesota ____ . ............. 59.00 88.00 78.00 60.00 54.00 41.0.0 83.00 75.00 56.00
Iowa ...................... 129.00 196.00 169.00128.00 125.00 83.00 156.00 153.00 106.00
Missouri .................. 51.00 91.00 72.00 54.00 50.00 37.00 69.00 65.00 54.00
North Dakota .............. 27.50 43.00 37.0031.00 29.00 24.00 39.00 37.00 30.00
South Dakota .............. 50.00 77.00 67.00 50.50 47.00 37.00 63.00 60.00 48.00
Nebraska ............ • ...... 67.00115.00 95.00 67.00 62.00 58.00 80.00 76.00 74.00
Kansas .................... 44.00 77.00 61.0047.00 45.00 39.00 60.00 58.00 53.00
Kentucky .................. 37.00 80.00 61.00 36.00 29.00 23.00 47.50 41.00 33.00
Tennessee ................. 31.00 75.00 53.00 35.00 29.00 20.00 46.00 42.00 33.00
Alabama ................... 17.00 33.00 24.0014.00 13.00 12.00 21.00 20.00 19.00
Mississippi ................. 16.00 33.50 25.5016.00 14.00 12.00 25.00 23.00 20.00
Louisiana .................. 25.00 44.00 33.00 22.00 19.00 20.00 33.00 27.00 35.00
58.00 46.00 32.00 28.00 22.00 45.00 39.00 36.00
.
Texas ..................... 27.00
Oklahoma ..
. . . . .
24.00 51.00 38.00 26.00 23.00 20.00 35.00 31.00 29.00
32.00 27.00 24. QO
Arkansas 22.00 50.00 38.00 22.00 16.00 12.00
Montana 21.00 45.00 34.00 25.00 24.00 21.00
Wyoming 26.00 53.00 43.0023.00 22.00 18.00 33.00 33.00 32. _
Colorado 36.00 80.00 60.00 45.00 42.00 40.00 62.00 60.00 66.00
New Mexico 30.00 60.00 45.00 35.00 30.00 23.00 50.00 45.00 48.00
Arizona 60.00 125.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 50.00 105.00 80.00 80.00
Utah 55.00 125.00 95.00 80.00 65.00 45.00 105.00 90.00 80.00
Nevada 50.00 110.00 85.00 65.00 55.00 31.00 90.00 8500 7000
Idaho 50.00 98.00 76.0055.00 49.00 45.00 71.00 64.00 66.00
Washington 60.00121.00 95.0075.00 64.00 50.00100.00102.0010000
Oregon 53.00 108.00 81.00 60.00 48.00 46.00 82.00 7000 75.00
California 69.00 165.00 121.00130.00 110.00 70.00 200.00 180.00 107.00
United States 51.26 91.83 74.31 50.54 45.55 36.23 74.52 69.45 57.89
.
35.00 34.00 36.00
.00
CROPS OF 1919.
[Department of agriculture estimate, Sept. 1.]
Cora bu. 2,857,692,000
Winter wheat bu.
Spring wheat bu.
All wheat .. ...bu.
715,301,000
208,049,000
923,350,000
Oats bu. 1,224,815.000
Barley bu. 195,297,000
Rye bu. 84,552,000
Buckwheat bu. 17,188,000
Potatoes bu. 349,194,000
Sweet potatoes bu. 100.320,000
Flaxseed bu. 10.195,000
Rice bu. 44,383,000
Tobacco Ibs. 1,279,012,000
Hay, tame tons 86,723.000
Hay. wild tons 16,821,000
All hay tons 103,544,000
Cotton bales 111. 230,000
Apples, total crop bu. 153,242,000
Apples, com'l crop brls. 23.072,000
Peaches bu. 50,446,000
Pears bu. 13,686,000
Kafirs, etc.-, 6 states bu. 129,509.000
.Peanuts bu. 52,783,000
Beans, dry. 6 states bu. 11.363,000
Sugar beets tons 7,265,000
Broom corn, 5 states tons 55,300
Sorghum, sirup gals. 34,011,000
Hops Ibs. 34.813,000
TRENDS IN AGRICULTURAL STATISTICAL
DATA.
Index numbers, basis 100=5 year
/ average 1909-1913.-
Year.
1918... 167 172
1917.
1916.
1915.
1914.
1913.,
1912..
1911.,
1910..
1909.,
1899.,
153 142 188 180 184 153 104
136 114 117 120 119 125 97
123 105 101 104 103 112 110
111 104 100 112 106 103 105
109 105 94 109 101 103 95
103 102 104 98 101 102 110
99 99 98 90 94 100 93
96 95 102 108 105 99 101
93 98 102 95 97
45 68 68
97 101
86
YEARLY PERCENTAGE CHANGE.
1918... + 9 +21 +10 +17 +14 +32 — 4
1917. .. + 13 +24 +61 +49 +55 +23 + 7
1916. ..+11 + 9 +15 +17 +16 +12 —12
1915. .. + 11 + 1 + 2 — 8 — 3 + 9 + 6
1914... + 2 — 2 + 6 + 3 + 5 0 +10
1913... + 5 + 3 —10 +12 0 + 1 —13
1912. ..+ 5 + 3 + 7 + 8 + 7+2 +19
1911... + 3 + 5 — 4 —16 —10 + 1 —
0 +
1910... + 3 — 4
+ 1
192
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From census bureau report.]
SUMMARY FOR 1910 AND 1900.
1910 (Apr. 15) . 1900 (June 1) .
Population I........ 91.972,266 75.994,575
Urban populationt ,.. 42.623.383 31.609.645
Rural population* '. 49.348.883 44,384.930
Number of all farms 6.361,502 5.737,372
Land area of the country, acres 1,903,289.600 1,903.461.760
Land in farms, acres 878.798.325 838.591.774
Improved land in farms, acres 478,451.750 414.498.487
Average acreage per farm*. 138.1 146.2
Average improved acreage per farm. 75.2 72.2
Per cent of total land area in farms. 46.2 44.1
Per cent of land in farms improved. 54.4 49.4
Per cent total land area improved. . 25.1 21.8
Value of farm property, total 540.991.449.090 $20,439.901.164
Land 28.475.674,169 13.058.007,995
Buildings 6.325.451,528 3.556.639.496
Implements and machinery.. 1,265.149.783 749.775.970
Domestic animals, poultry, bees... 4,925.173,610 3,075,477.703
Av. value of all property per farm. 6.444 3,563
Average value of all property per
acre of land in farms 46.64 24.37
Average value of land per acre 32.40 15.57
Increase. *-
Amount.
15,977.691
11.013.738
4,963.953
624,130
— 17" 1RO
40.206.551
63.953.263
—8.1
3.0
Pet.
21.0
34.8
11.2
10.9
' '4'.8
15.4
-S3
$20.551,547,926
15.417.666,174
2.768,812.032
515.373.813
1.849,695.907
2.881
22 °7
16.'83
77.8
68.7
60.1
80.9
91.4
108.1
•A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. tPop-
ulation of incorporated places having, in 1910.
2.500 or more inhabitants. The figure for
1900 does not represent the urban population
according to that census, but is the population
in that year of the territory classified as
urban in 1910. JTotal. exclusive of urban.
FARMS. FARM LAND AND FARM PROPERTY (1890 TO 1910).
1910.
1900
1890
Population
91.972,266
75,994.575
62.947,714
Number of all farms
6.361.502
5,737.372-
4.564.641
Land area of the country, acres
1,903.289.600
1,903,461.760
1.903.337.600
Land in farms, acres
878.798.325
838.591.774
623.218.619
Improved land in farms, acres
478.451,750
414,498.487
357.616,755
Average acreage per farm
138.1
146.2
136.5
Average improved acreage per farm
75 2
72.2
78.3
Per cent of total land area in farms
46 2
44.1
32.7
Per cent of land in farms improved
54 4
49.4
57.4
Per cent of total land area improved
25ll
21.8
18 8
Value of farm property, total
$40,991.449.090
$20.439.901,164
$16.082.267.689
Land and buildings
34,801,125.697
16,614.647.491
13,279,252,649
Implements and machinery
1.265.149.783
749.775.970
494,247.467
Domestic animals, poultry and bees
4.925,173,610
3,075,477.703
2.308.767.573
Average value of all property per farm...
6.444
3,563
3,523
Average value of all property per acre of
land in farms
46.64
24.37
25.81
Av. value of land and buildings per acre..
39.60
19.81
21.31
Period.
1900-1910
AGRICULTU1
Population.
. . 15 977 691
IAL INCR1
Farms.
624,130
1.172,731
555.734
1.348.922
615,908
595.004
2ASE SINCE
Acres.*
40,206.551
215.373.155
87,136,784
128,346,794
522.503
113.651.924
1850.
Improved. t Value, t
63.953,263 $20,551.547.926
56,881.732 4.357,633.475
72,845.713 3.901.766,151
95,849.943 3,235.643,789
25,810.379 964,364,686
50,078.106 4,013,149.483
1890-1900...
. . 13,046,861
1880-1890 ..
.. 12.791.931
1870-1880...
,..11 597 412
1860-1870 ..
. 7 115 050
1 850-1860
8 251 445
1880-1910— Ar
Per cent
aount . .
.. ..41 816 483
2,352.595
58.7
2,559.834
176.6
342,716,490
63.9
242,521.221
82.6
193.680.708
68.0
171.738.428
151.9
28,810.947.552
236.5
8,213,157.958
207.0
1850-1880— Ac
Per cent
26 963 907
116 3
1850-1910— Amount ..
Per cent.. . .r ---
68.780.390
296 6
4.912,429
339.0
ved land in
585,237,711
199.4
farms. JOf
365.419.136
323.3
farm property.
37,024.105.510
933.2
•In
farms, tlmpro
FARMERS BY STATES (1910).
State.
Alabama .
White.
152 458
Colored.
110 443
6 0°4
3 203
Arkansas
151085
63 593
California . . .
3 078
Colorado
45 596
574
Connecticut
26 702
113
Delaware
9914
922
District of Columbia..
Florida
205
35 °95
12
14 721
Georgia . .
. 168.468
122^59
State. White. Colored.
Idaho 30,402 405
Illinois . . 250,447 1,425
Indiana 214.680 805
Iowa 216,843 201
Kansas . 176.150 1,691
Kentucky 247.455 11,238
Louisiana 65.667 54,879
Maine 59.987 29
Maryland 42.551 6,372
Massachusetts 36.793 124
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
193
State White. Colored.
Michigan 206,014 946
Minnesota 155.844
Mississippi 109,645 164.737
Missouri . . 273,578 3.666
Montana 25.018 1,196
Nebraska 129.216 462
Nevada 2,528 161
New Hampshire 27.038 15
New Jersey 33.011 476
New Mexico 33,528 2,148
New York 214,658 939
North Carolina 188.069 65.656
North Dakota 73,617 743
Ohio . . 270.095 1,950
Oklahoma 169,521 20,671
Oregon 44,875 627
Pennsylvania 218,749 546
Rhode Island 5,251 41
South Carolina 70,636 96,798
South Dakota 74.836 2.808
Tennessee 207,704 33.308
Texas 347.852 69.918
Utah 21.400 276
Vermont .. ... 32,689 20
Virginia 135,904 48.114
Washington 55,067 1,125
West Virginia 95,977 708
Wisconsin 176,536 591
Wyoming 10,922 65
Total 5,440.619 920.883
Note— Colored farmers include 24.251 In-
dians. 760 Chinese and 2.502 Japanese. The
largest number of Indian farmers were found
in Oklahoma (7.459). Arizona (3.159). South
Dakota (2,740). New Mexico (2,087), North
Carolina (1,987), Montana (1,146), New York
(635). Washington (673), California (628)
and Wisconsin (541). There were 512 Chinese
and 1.816 Japanese farmers in California.
FARMERS AND FARM LABORERS BY
Class. CLASSES (1910). Number.
Dairy farmers 61,816
Farmers 5,865,003
Gardeners, etc 139.255
Stock raisers 52,521
Corn shellers, etc.
Apiarists ,
5,617
2,145
Class. Number.
Poultry raisers, etc 15,384
Others 5.894
Total farmers... ...6,147.635
Dairy laborers 36.014
Farm laborers 5.947,500
Foremen, etc 47.591
Garden laborers 133 927
Stock herders 62.975
Ditchers 15,198
Total farm laborers 6.242,205
NUMBER OF FARM OPERATORS (1910).
Division. Total. Owners.
New England 188.802 168.408
Middle Atlantic 468,379 355,036
East North Central 1.123.489 809.044
West North Central 1.109,948 758,946
South Atlantic. 1.111,881 593.154
East South Central 1.042,480 510.452
West South Central 943.186 440.905
Mountain 183,446 160.844
Pacific 189,891 151,933
United States 6,361.502 3,948.722
The North 2.890,618 2.091.434
The South 3.097,547 1.544.511
The West 373,337 312,777
East of Mississippi river. .3,935,031 2,436.094
West of Mississippi river. .2.426.471 1.512.628
Total number farm tenants, 2.354.676; farm
managers, 58,104; negro farmers, 920.883
(241,221 owners, 678.118 tenants and 1,544
managers) .
WHITE FARMERS BY NATIVITY.
Born in — Number.
Unit. States 4,763,256
Austria .
Hungary
England
Ireland .
Scotland
Wales ...
France ..
Germany
Holland
Italy ....
33,336
3.827
39,728
33,480
10,220
4,110
5,832
221.800
13,790
10,614
Born in—
Poland ....
Denmark .
Norway ...
Sweden ...
Switzerland
Other European 17,689
Canada .... 61.878
All other... 10.333
Not reported 7.807
Total 5.440.619
Number.
7.228
28,375
59.742
67,543
14,33
CROPS OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1909.
[Officially reported by the bureau of the census.]
Later and detailed figures on the principal I Crop. Production.
Tkna afft critr-on £»laonrVi£>T*0 in fViia TTr»lnTYi£»
crops are given elsewhere in this volume.
Crop. Production. Value.
Cereals, bu 4,512,564.465 $2,665,539,714
Corn, bu 2,552.189,630 1,438,553,919
Oats, bu 1.007,142,980 414.697,422
Wheat, bu 683.379,259 657.656.801
Barley, bu 173,344,212 92,458,571
Buckwheat, bu. 14,849.332 9,330.592
29,520,457 20.421,812
17.597.305 10,816.940
Rye, bu
Kafir corn, bu.
Emmer, spelt.
bu 12,702,710
Rough rice. bu. 21,838,580
Other grains,
seeds
Dry edible
beans, bu.... 11,251,160
Other beans,
bu 179.733
Dry peas. bu... 7,129.294
Peanuts, bu.. . 19,415,816
Flaxseed. bu... 19,512.765
Mis cellaneous
seeds
Grass seed. bu. 6,671,348
Flower, v e g e-
table seeds
Hay and forage.
tons 97.453,735
Tobacco. Ibs 1.065,764.806
Cotton, bales. . . . 10.649.268
Cotton seed, tons 5.324.634
Sugar crops
5.584.050
16,019.607
97.536.085
21,771.482
241,060
10,963,739
18,271,515
28,970,554
768,625
15,137.683
1,411.013
824.004.877
104.302,856
703,619.303
121.076,984
61.648.942
3.392.857
1,647.262
6.240.260
Sorghum cane.
tons
Sugar cane, tons
Maple sugar
and sirup
Minor crops
Broom corn,
Ibs 78,959.958
Hemp. Ibs 7.483,295
Hops, Ibs 40.718.748
All other
Vegetables
Potatoes, bu... 389.194.965
Sweet potatoes,
bu 59,232.070
Other v e g e-
tables
Fruits and nuts
Small fruits, qts. 426.565.863
S t r a wberries.
qts
Blackberries.qts.
Raspberries.qts.
Cranberries.qts.
All other, qts..
Apples, bu
Peaches, bu. . .
Pears, bu
Plums, prunes.
bu
Cherries, bu. . 4.126,099
255.702.035
55.343.570
60,918.196
38.243.060
16.359.002
147,522,318
35,470.276
8.840,733
Value.
$19,880,724
10.174,457
26.415.952
5.177.809
18.068.658
5,134.434
412,699
7,844.745
4.676.780
418,110.154
166,423.910
35.429.176
216,257.068
222,024.216
29,974.481
17.913,926
3.909.831
5,132.277
1.755.613
1.262.^
f3,231.4J
8.781.078
7.910.600
10.299.496
7,231.160
194
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Crop. Production. Value.
Apricots, bu.. 4,150,263 $2,884,119
All other, bu.. 493.836 529.403
Grapes. Ibs... .2,571.065.205 22,027.961
Tropical fruits 24 706 753
Crop. Production. Value.
Forest farm
products 8195,306.283
Total, all crops 5.487,161.223
Oranges, boxes 19.487.481 17,566.464
Lemons, boxes 2.770.313 2.993,738
G r a p e f r uit,
boxes . 1.189.250 2,060 610
Total. 1899 2,998.704,412
Kafir C'orn and Millo Maize*
State. Acres. Bu. Value.
Arkansas ... 1,294 15,284 812.074
California .. 44,308 938.049 725.704
Colorado ... 11,971 139,234 94.486
Kansas 388,495 5,115,415 3.046.799
Missouri ... 15.543 228,386 152,246
Nebraska .. 2.016 20,212 15.712
New Mexico 63.570 543,350 392.393
Oklahoma . 532.515 4,658,752 2.531.036
Texas 573 384 5 860 444 3 785 453
Figs. Ibs 35.060.395 803,810
Ore hard fruits.
bu 216083,695 140.857.347
Pi neapples,
crates . 778,651 734.090
Olives. Ibs 16.405.493 404.574
All other 143.467
Nuts. Ibs 62,328.010 4,447,674
Almonds. Ibs... 6.673.539 711.970
Pecans. Ibs 9,890.769 971.596
Walnuts. Ibs... 22.026.524 2.297.336
All other. Ibs. 23.617.178 466.772
Flowers plants 34 872 329
U. S 1635153 17597,305 10.816.940
Total. 1899 266.513 5.169,113 1.367.040
*Kaflr corn and millo maize are cereals be-
longing to the millet family and used in this
country mainly as feed for live stock. They
are making headway as dry farming crops.
DF FARM PRODUCTS. , Animals and v
f Crops. » animal products.
Value. tPct. Value. tPct.
82.759.569,547 63.6 81,579.376.282 36.4
2.998.704.412 63.6 1.718.365,561 36.4
3.191.941.763 63.7 1.817.653.243 36.3
3.385.179.114 63.8 1.916.940.925 36.2
3.578.416,465 64.0 2.016.228.607 36.0
3.771.653,816 64.1 2.115.516.288 35.9
3.981.675.866 65.0 2.140,102.135 35.0
4.012.652.758 64.0 2.261.344.604 36.0
4.263.134.353 63.0 2.501,076.070 37.0
4.761.111.839 63.6 2.726.876.783 36.4
5,098.292.549 64.6 2.792.332.973 35.4
5.487.161.223 64.1 3.071,000.000 35.9
5.486,373,550 60.7 3.551.017.194 39.3
5.562.058.150 63.1 3.257.116.809 36.9
5.842.220.449 62.5 3.500.569,700 37.5
6.132.758,962 62.3 3.716.753.549 37.7
6.111.684.020 61.8 3.783.276.511 38.2
6.907.187.000 64.1 3.868.304.000 35.9
9.110.868.000 67.7 4.338.442.000 32.3
14.222.000.000 66.5 7.164.000.000 33.5
13.479,000.000 69.7 6.582,000.000 30.3
BOUGHT BY FARMERS.
tnent of agriculture for 1918.]
Items. 1918 1914 1909
Manure spreaders. .each8178. 008106.708111. 60
Milk cans. 10 gal., each 5.70 2".45 2.40
Milk pails each .92 .45 .43
Nursery products 21 050 822
ESTIMATED VALUE
Year. Total.
1898 . 84 338 945 829
1899* , 4.717.069.973
1900... . . . 5009595006
1901 5 302 120 039
1902 5 594 645 072
1903... 5.887.170.104
1904. . 6 121 778 001
1905 6 273 997 362
1906. . . 6 764 210 423
1907 7487988622
1908 7 890 625 522
1909*... ... 8558161223
1910 . 9 037 390 744
1911... 8.819174959
1912 9342790149
1913 9 849 512 511
1914 9.894 960 531
1915 10775490000
1916 13449310000
1917 21386000000
1918 19331000000
•Census. tPercentage of whole.
PRICES OF ARTICLES 1
[From year-book of the depart
Items. 1918. 1914. 1909.
Axes each $185 8096 8089
Axle grease box 16 11 11
Barb wire 100 Ibs. 6.14 3.08 2.98
Barrels, for apples, each .51 .25
Baskets. % bushel, each .55 .38 .35
Bone meal ton 55.30 31.90 . ...
Mowers . ...each 80.00 46.50 44.30
Nails 100 Ibs. 6.35 3.40 3.34
Overalls pair 2 42 .89 .82
Buggies each 11000 7010 6490
Paint brushes each 1 06 54 .49
Buggy whips each .74 .42 .40
Calico yard 22 06 06
Paint, mixed gal. 3.55 1.74 1.62
Paris green lb 67 30 .29
Churns each 4.05 2.30 2,19
Picks each 1.28 .72 .71
Pincers each 97 51 .49
Coal oil ... . gal 19 13 15
Pitchforks each 1 °2 66 62
Coffee lb 28 24 21
Plows each 23.00 12.10 11.50
Portl'd cement. 100 Ibs. 1.10 .69 .70
Rain coats each 8.50 4.40 4.25
Rope, hemp lb. .37 .14 .13
Rubber boots pair 5.30 3.75 3.55
Corn knives... . each 57 *29
Cream separators, .each 89.00 59.30 63.10
Dung1 forks . . . each 1 32 76 70
Fertilizer, comm'l. ton 39.50 23.20 22.15
Flour brl 1230 640 630
Sacks grain each 46 16 .16
Fruit jars doz 1 10 74 73
Saddles each 37.80 20.35 17.45
Salt for stock brl 2 75 1 65 1 50
Gasoline gal 29 17 20
Halters each 1.75 95 85
Saw's buck each 1 58 .92 .89
Harness each 2530 1525 1350
Scythes each 1 70 1 06 1.02
Harrows each 26.20 11.60 1120
Sheeting yard 50 .18 .17
Hatchets each 1 14 62 59
Shingles 1.000 5.50 3.70 3.50
Shirts flannel each 3 25 1.41 1.34
Hoes each .80 !45 !41
Horse blankets each 4.70 2.40 2-25
Jumpers each 238 83 77
Shoes pair 4 05 2 30 2.00
Shovels each 1 50 78 74
Lamps each 92 52 *50
Staples . ...100 Ibs. 6.80 3.75 3.69
Steel wire 100 Ibs. 6.80 3.55 3.43
Stoves each 50.00 24.00 22.50
Lanterns each 1 .30 .80 !77
Lime brl. 2.41 1.36 1.29
Linseed oil pal. 2.17 .82 .79
Lumber, 1-inch. 100 ft. 3.65 2.10 1.95
Sugar ..lb i.ll 06 .06
Sulphur .. ...lb. .13 .08 .07
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
195
Items 1918 1914 1909
Tedders each $71.50 839.50 839.00
Tin pails each .60 .27 .25
. Twine, binder Ib. .28 .11 .10
Wasong. double.... each 125.00 73.25 66.00
Items. 1918 1914 1909
Wheelbarrows ....each 84.90 82.97 82.80
Wire fence rod .61 .31 .31
Wooden buckets. . .each .90 .35 .31
Wooden washtubs . each 1.65 .83 .77
WAGES OF MALE FARM LABOR.
[From, year-book of the department of agriculture for 1918.]
/ Per month. N ^-Per day at harvest.-^
With board. Without Withboard. Without
State and division. 1918. 1910. 1918. 1910. 1918. 1910. 1918 1910
Maine 846.50 823.50 865.50 834.5082. 70 81.50 83.70 81.95*
New Hampshire 42.50 23.50 63.50 35.50 2.80 1.35 3.55 1.84
Vermont 43.00 25.00 62.00 35.50 2.82 1.75 3.60 2.25
Massachusetts 43.00 22.75 66.50 37.20 2.77 1.42 3.45 1 92
Rhode Island 40.00 21.00 62.00 34.00 2.50 1.35 340 2*05
Connecticut 44.00 21.00 63.00 36.00 2.60 1.55 3.40 2X)0
New York 40.00
New Jersey 40.50
Pennsylvania 34.00
23.50 56.50 35.00 3.00 1.80 3.65 2.22
19.50 61.00 31.50 3.05 1.70 3.81 2.15
18.75 52.00 29.00 2.70 1.50 3.30 1.96
North Atlantic 38.95 21.65 57.24 33.19 2.85 1.63 3.52 2.08
Maryland
29 50
13.50 45.00 21.50
14.00 30.50 19.50
19.40 54.50 29.00
13.60 37.50 19.50
12.00 28.00 16.50
13.00 32.60 18.00
15.00 38.00 25.00
2.85 1.26 3.50 1.64
2.25 1.15 2.80 1.44
2.50 1.28 3.10 1.65
1.94 1.03 2.42 1.28
1.50 .96 1.75 1,12
1.62 .98 2.00 1.23
1.49 1.10 2.05 1.46
Virginia •
27 70
West Virginia
36 90
26 50
21 00
23 00
Florida
25.00
26 21
13.77 37.44 19.75
21.00 49.70 29.00
20.50 47.00 28.40
24.50 52.00 32.90
23.00 52.50 33.00
26.00 60.20 37.25
1.95 1.07 2.41 1.33
3.00 1.67 3.67 2.07
3.05 1.70 3.65 2.07
3.43 1.90 4.12 2.30
2.85 1.64 3.50 2.10
3.00 1.76 3.64 2.20
Ohio
35 50
34 00
Illinois
38 20
37.50
'Wisconsin
43.50
N. C. E. Mississippi I
i,iver 37 51
22.94 51.91 31.81
26.00 62.70 38.00
28.00 64.00 39.00
21.50 45.00 29.50
29.00 72.00 42.00
27.00 77.50 39.00
26.50 67.00 38.00
24.00 56.40 34.00
3.09 1.75 3.75 2.16
3.90 2.23 4.50 2.65
3.65 2.12 4.30 2.51
2.85 1.55 3.45 1.93
4.50 2.40 5.50 3.03
4.40 2.35 5.05 2.95
4.14 2.14 4.90 2.60
4.14 2.18 4.65 2.57
47 10
50.00
35 00
North Dakota
52.00
55.70
49 00
Kansas
40.80
N. C. W. Misissippi
River 44 68
25.10 49.32 35.45
16.00 41.00 23.10
14.00 35.70 20.00
13.00 30.00 18.50
13.30 30.50 19.50
13.50 35.90 20.25
18.00 43.00 24.50
19.10 50.00 28.10
16.25 40.50 24.00
3.72 2.01 4.36 2.43
2.40 1.36 2.90 1.71
1.95 1.14 2.45 1.44
1.40 .98 1.80 1.26
1.35 .93 1.75 1.22
1.70 .90 2.10 1.25
2.05 1.22 2.60 1.57
3.15 1.60 3.70 1.97
2.12 1.20 2.65 1.55
29.00
25.10
21.20
21.50
23.70
31.00
35.00
Arkansas
28.50
27.19
15.28 38.57 21.90
38.00 83.00 50.00
35.00 83.00 49.00
29.50 73.50 44.50
24.50 59.00 34.25
30.00 80.00 40.00
35.00 84.00 47.50
37.00 85.00 54.00
35.00 86.25 49.50
33.00 85.00 50.00
32.00 76.00 44.50
33.00 78.00 47.00
2.01 1.14 2.49 1.47
3.80 2.05 4.75 2.80
3.60 1.90 4.50 2.50
3.40 1.95 4.30 2.47
2.25 1.46 2.75 1.88
2.65 1.72 3.40 2.24
3.15 1.78 3.80 2.20
3.20 1.82 3.85 2.38
3.60 2.20 4.45 2.80
4.00 2.42 4.75 2.78
3.60 2.12 4.22 2.60
3.25 1.98 4.00 2.48
59 50
60 00
51.00
40.00
56.00
Utah
64.00
65.00
Idaho
64.00
63.00
58.00
54.20
56.68
32.69 78.64 46.48
19.21 47.07 27.50
SINCE 1866.
By the month.
With Without
Year. Board, board.
1911. ...820. 18 828.77
1912.... 20.81 29.58
1913.... 21.38 30.31
1914.... 21.05 29.88
Day labor at harvf
from 92 cents with bo
board in 1895 to 82.65
without board in 1918
3.39 2.02 4.14 2.52
2.65 1.46 3.22 1.82
By the month.
With Without
Year. board, board.
1915.. ..821.26 830.15
1916.... 23.25 32.83
1917.... 28.87 40.43
1918.... 34.92 47.07
,st time has advanced
ard and 81.14 without
with board and *3.22
United States
. . . . 34 92
By the month.
With Without
Year. board, board.
1866. 817.45 826.87
1869. 16.55 25.92
1875. 12.72 19.87
1879. 10.43 16.42
1882. 12.41 18.94
1885. 12.34 17.97
1888.. 12.36 18.24
1890.. 12.45 18.33
FARM WAGES
By the month.
With Without
Year. board, board.
1892. . 812.54 818.60
1893. 13.29 19.10
1894. 12.16 17.74
1895. 12.02 17.69
1898. 13.43 19.38
1899. 14.07 20.23
1902. 16.40 22.14
1910. .. 19.21 27.50
196
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia.
Florida
•Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa*
Kansas
Kentucky
Xiouisiana '.
*April 15. 1910;
2.395.270
272.034
1.792.965
3.119.412
1.014.581
1.286.268
216.941
374.584
938.877
2.935.617
461.766
6.317.734
2.854.167
2,224.771
1.874.195
2.408.547
1.884.778
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
UNITED STATES. JULY 1. 1918.
[United States census bureau estimate.]
decrease since 1900.
Maine 782.191
Maryland 1.384.539
Massachusetts .... 3.832.790
Michigan 3.133,678
Minnesota 2.345.287
Mississippi 2.001.466
Missouri 3.448,498
Montana 486.376
Nebraska 1.296.877
Nevada 114.742
New Hampshire . . . 446.352
New Jersey 3.080.371
New Mexico 437.015
New York 10.646.989
North Carolina.... 2.466.025
North Dakota 791.437
Ohio 5.273.814
Oklahoma 2.377.629
Oregon 888.243
Pennsylvania 8.798,067
Rhode Island 637.415
South Carolina.... 1.660.934
South Dakota 735.434
Tennessee 2.321.253
Texas 4.601.279
Utah 453.648
Vermont 366.192
Virginia 2.234,030
Washington 1.660.578
West Virginia 1.439.165
Wisconsin 2.553.983
Wyoming 190.380
Total 105.253.300
UNITED STATES AND POSSESSIONS.
{United States census bureau estimate as of
June 1. 1918.]
Continental United States 105.118,467
Alaska 64,984
Guam 14.142
Hawaii 223,099
Panama Canal Zone 23.295
Philippine islands 9.009,802
Porto Rico 1.246.361
Samoa 7,550
Total 115.707.700
WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION.
Estimated as of July 1. 1917.
State. White. Colored.
Alabama 1.395.028 968.911
Arizona 228,819 34.969
Arkansas 1.267,123 499,220
California 2.885,205 143.827
Colorado i.... 969,093 19,227
Connecticut 1,249,614 15,759
Delaware 183.602 31.558
Dist. of Columbia 268.681 100.601
Florida 550.427 365.758
Georgia -.1,614,663 1.281.178
Idaho 439,464 5,712
Illinois 6,105.154 129,841
Indiana 2.772.418 63,074
Iowa* 2.209.191 15.580
Kansas 1.793,506 58,364
Kentucky 2,148,863 245,230
Louisiana 1,095,453 761.501
Maine 774,863 2,477
Maryland a, 143, 092 250,581
Massachusetts 3.730,171 45,802
Michigan 3,067,511 26.755
Minnesota 2.294,413 18,032
Mississippi 891,890 1.084,680
Missouri 3,273,689 155,906
Montana 458,611 14,324
Nebraska 1,270.637 13,489
Nevada 102.650 8.088
New Hampshire 443.859 570
New Jersey 2,908,379 105,815
New Mexico 395,391 28,258
New York 10,288,042 172,140
North Carolina 1,673.443 760,938
North Dakota 758.289 7,030
Ohio 5.088.998 123.087
Oklahoma 2,009,758 280,097
Oregon 845,250 16.742
Pennsylvania 8.435.673 224,369
Rhode Island 615.300 10,565
South Carolina 767.745 875,460
South Dakota..., 697,394 19.578
Tennessee 1.836,433 468.196
Texas 3,204.848 742,537
Utah 435,286 8.580
"Vermont 362.711 2,235
Virginia 1.533.577 679.448
State. White.
Washington 1,556,433
West Virginia 1.333,163
Wisconsin 2.512.275
Wyoming1 177.740
Colored..
40.967
79.439
14.892
7.230
Total 92.624.941 11.010.365
*Population. April 15. 1910; decrease since
1900: no estimate made.
Colored Population of Cities.
Estimated as of July 1. 1917.
Atlanta 60.143. Los Angeles... 23.137
Baltimore. ...
Birmingham
Boston . . .
Charleston
Chicago ..
Cincinnati
Columbus
Houston
Indianapolis
Kansas City.
89,009
70,347
17.048
30.704
67.176
22.413
16,182
34.522
26,798
27,943
Memphis 54.37*
Nashville
J5.96J
New Orleans.. 98,075
New York 119.922
Philadelphia ..101.420
Pittsburgh .... 28,433
Richmond 66.478
St. Louis 50.882
San Francisco. 16,528
Washington ..100.601
METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS IN THE UNITED
STATES: (1910).
A metropolitan district is denned as consist-
ing of the city together with the urban por-
tion of the territory lying within ten miles of
the city limits. The following table shows the
metropolitan districts of cities having a popu-
lation Of 200,000 or more in 1910:
Metropolitan City
City. district, proper. Outside.
New York 6,474,568 4,766,883 1,707.685
Chicago 2,446,921 2,185,283 261,638
Philadelphia 1,972,342 1,549.008 423,334
Boston 1,520,470 670,585
Pittsburgh 1,042.855 533.905
St. Louis 828,733 687,029
San Francisco-Oakland 686,873 416,912
Oakland 150,174
Baltimore 658.715 558.485
Cleveland 613,270 560,663
Cincinnati 563,804 363,591
Minneapolis-St. Paul... 526,256 301,408
St. Paul 214.744
Detroit 500.982 465.766
Buffalo 488,661 423.715
Los Angeles 438.226 319.198
Milwaukee 427.175 373.857
Providence 395,972 224,326
Washington 367.869 331,069
New Orleans 348.109 339.075
Kansas City (Mo. and
Kas.) 340.446 248.381
Kansas City, Kas 82.331
Louisville 286.158 223,928
Rochester 248,512 218,149 30.363
Seattle 239.269 237.194 2.075
Indianapolis 237.783 233.650 4.133
Denver 219.314 213,381 6,933
Portland. Ore 215.048 207.314 7.834
508,950
141.704
119.787
166! 230
52,607
200,213
10.104
64,946
119,028
63.318
171.646
36.800
9,034
9,374
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
197
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS (1850-1910).
[From the reports of the superintendents of the census.]
STATE OR
TEURITOKY
1910.
]
181
25'.
21 ;
31
2!)
42 1
32
11
43
3
8
10
22
12
23
30
26
7
9
19
20
5
41
27
45
PR
M
1
»
39
4
900.
1890.
1880.
1870.
1860.
1850.
Alabama
Arkansas
California .
11
12
32 ;
31
44
33
10
43
1
15'
22
14
24
84
8
6
8
19
21
?
40
29
4>;
39
'i
IB
37
4
K
2.138.093
1,574.449
2.377.549
799.024
1,114.756
202.322
752.619
2,609.121
326.594
5.638.591
2.700,876
2.224.771
1.690.949
2.289.905
1.656 388
742.371
1.295.346
3.366.416
2.810.173
2.075.708
1.797.114
3.293.335
376.053
1.192.2H
81.87?
430.572
2.537.167
9.113.014
2,206.287
577,056
4.767.121
1 657 155
1.828.697
1.311,5fi4
1.485.053
539,700
908.420
184.735
528.542
2,216.331
161.772
4,821.550
2.516.462
2.231.853
1,470.495
2.147.174
1,381.695
694.466
1.188.044
2.805.346
2.420,982
1,751.394
1.551.270
3.106.665
243.329
1,066.300
42.335
411.588
1,RK?,««»
7.268.894
1,893.810
319.146
4,157.545
ir
24
22
31
29
41
32
12
43
10
19
11
25
80
27
1
9
20
21
5
42
26
45
33
18
1
16
80
4
1.513.017
1.128.179
1,208.130
412.198
746,258
168.493
391,422
1,837.3.53
84.385
3.826.351
2.192.404
1.911.896
1.427.0!*;
1,858.635
1,118.587
661.086
1.042.390
2.238.943
2.003.889
1.301.S26
1.289.600
2,679.184
132.159
1,058.910
45.761
376.530
1,444.933
5.997.853
1,617.947
182.719
3,672.316
17
25
24
35
28
37
34
18
1.262.505
802,525
864.K94
194.327
622,700
146.608
289.493
1,542,180
16
26
24
25 '
34
33
12
996,992
484.471
560,247
39,864
537.454
125.015
187.748
1,184,109
13
K
26
'ii'
32
31
11
964.201
435.450
379.994
34.277
460.147
112.216
140.424
1.057.286
12
26
29
21
30
31
9
771.623.
209.897
92,597
87'.445-
906,185>
Colorado
Connecticut
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
4
6
10
20
8
22
27
1
9
26
13
5
3.077,871
1,978.301
1.624.615
996.096
1,64S,C>90
939.946
648.936
934,943
1.78H.085
1,636.937
780.773
1.131.597
2,168,380
4
S
11
29
8
21
23
20
13
28
18
5
2,539.891
1.680.637
1,194.020
364.399
1,321,011
726.915
626.915
780.894
1.457.351
1.1P4.059
489.708
827,922
1,721,295
4
6
20
33
i?
22
19
Ifl
30
14
8
1.711.^51
1,350.428
674.913
107.206
1,1:>5.68J
6871649
1,231.066
749.113
172.023
1,182;012
11
7
27
988!416.
192',214
8
18
16
17
6
20
88
15
13
982,405-
517.762
583,169
583.034
994.514
397.654
6,077
606,526
682,044
Jjouisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts. .
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi. ...
30
38
31
19
,1
"9
452,402
62.266
346.991
1,131.116
5.082.871
1,399,750
35
37
31
17
1
14
122.993
42.491
318.300
906,096
4.382.759
1,671,361
35
86
27
2!
12
28,84i
6.857
326,073
672.035
3,880.735
992,622
New Hampshire.
New Jersey
Sew York
orth Carolina...
North Dakota —
Ohio
22
1
10
317.97&
489,655
3,097,394
869,039-
3,198,062
3
2.665.260
3
2,339.511
3
1,980,829-
**
£
26
36
17
5
41
42
20
30
2S
13
45
672.765
7,665.111
542,610
1.515.400
583.888
2.184.78!
3,896.542
373.351
355.956
2,061.612
1,141.990
1.221.119
2,333,860
145,965
35
2
34
24
37
13
t;
40
38
17
i
14
44
413,536
6,302.115
428.556
1,340.316
401.570
2.020.61P
3.048.710
276.749
343.641
1,854.184
518.1tt
95S.«(X
2,069.042
92,531
74,610,523
38
2
35
23
37
13
,1
3<!
15
34
28
14
44
313,76"
5,258.014
345.5%
1,151.149
328.808
1.767.518
2.235.523
207.905
332.422
1,655.980
349.390
762.794
1,6*6.880
60.705
36
2
33
21
'ii
11
174.768
4,282.891
276.531
995.577
1,542.359
1,591,749
K
I
22
•
19
90.923
3,521.951
217.353
705.606
' 1,258.526
818,579
34
it
18
'io
23
52,465
2,906.215
174,620
703.708
' iVmsoi
604,215
32
2!
14
"5"
25
13.294
2,311.786
147.54&
668,507
' I,002'.7i7
212,592
Pennsylvania..
Rhode Island
South Carolina..
South Dakota —
Tennessee
Utah
Vermont
32
14
332.286
1,512,565
30
10
330.551
1.225.163
28
5
315.098
1,596.318
23
4
314,120
1,421,661
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
The states
Alaska
29
16
618.457
1,315.497
27
15
442.014
1,054.670
'i£
'"775.881
'24'
'"305,391
49.371,340
38.155.505
11^
91.109.542
6^356
204,354
62.llfi.811
—
31,218.0-21
28.067,262-
5
3
7
6
63.592
122.98
4
59.62C
6
3
1
40.440
135,17"
177,624
8
1
9658
14.181
131,700
2
Dakota
4.837
75.080
Dist. of Columbia
Hawaii
Idaho
ji
asi,ow
191,909
3
5
278.718
154.00
1
230,392
2
"'5i',687-
8
32,610
"6
Indian Territory
2
392,060
14,999
7
4
39.15'
119.560
New Mexico
Oklahoma.. .
2
327,30
4
1
195.31(1
398,I>3
91.219
2
8
153.59T
61.834
5
1
20.59?
91,874
1
93.516
1
61.54T
Inserv. U.S. sta-
tioned abroad. .
Utah
55,608
2
5
9
143,96;
75.116
20,789
3
4
9
86,7*
23.95E
9.118
8
4
40.273
11,594
3
11.380-
VVastilneton .
Wyoming
Porto Rico 1.
1 1 IS 012
The territories
United States..
Per cent of gain.
2,292,60-
1.604,943
...
505.431
784,44:
402.8ft
225,30(1
124.614
...
93,402.15
...
70,303.38"
...
G2.C22,25C
50,155,78o
...
38.588,371
...
31.443,321
23,191,876
20.9
21
24.9
30.08
22.65
35.58
35.86
NOTE — The narrow column under each census I tories when arranged according to magnitude of
year shows the order of the states and terri- I population.
CENSUS OF 1910 AND 1900.
The thirteenth census of the United States -was
taken by the bureau of the census ns of April
15, 1910. It included continental United States.
thr> territories of Alaska and Hawaii and Porto
Rico; also persons in the military and naval
service who were stationed abroad. The popu-
Intion according to this division, compared with
that in 1900, was: 1910. 19^0.
Alaska 64.35*5 R? K92
Hawaii 191,909 154,001
1910. 1900.
Porto Rico 1,118,012 *953,243
Soldiers and sailors abroad.... 55.6U8 91.219
Noncontiguous territory 1,429,885 1,262,055
Continental United States .91.972.266 75.994.57S
United States (area of enu-
meration) 93.402,151 t77.256.63O
*Census of 1899. tlncludes 953,243 persons enu-
merated In Porto Rico in 1899.
198
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS (1790-1840).
[From the reports of the superintendents of the census.]
STATE OR TERRITORY.
1840.
1830.
1820.
1810.
1800.
1790.
Alabama
Arkansas .
12
"i
590,756
97,574
15
?7
309,527
30!388
«
127,901
14J273
California...
Colorado
•
Connecticut
?n
309,978
16
297,675
14
275.248
q
261,942
R
251,002
8
237964
Delaware
•>fi
78085
•><(
76,748
99
72749
iq
72674
17
64,273
Ifi
59 096
Florida
97
54,477
K
34,730
Georgia
q
691,392
in
516,823
11
340,98?
11
252 433
T>
162,686
T?
82 548
Idaho i
Illinois
14
476, 18J
w
157,445
?4
55,211
n
12,282
Indiana
in
685,866
18
343,031
18
147,178
?i
24,520
?n
5,641
?,R
43,112
Kansas
6
779.828
H
687,917
fi
564.317
7
406511
q
220955
11
73 677
Louisiana .
19
352,411
1M
215,739
17
153.407
18
76556
Maine..
13
501,793
]?,
399.455
1?
298,335
It
14
151 719
11
96540
Maryland
470,019
11
447,040
in
407.350
8
SSO'cifi
7
fi
319 728
Massachusetts
Michigan
?!
737.699
212,267
8
26
610,408
31,639
i
523.287
8,765
5
94
472.040
4.762
5
422,845
4
378,787
17
375.651
Wi
136,621
VI
75,448
9n
40352
iq
8850
Missouri
16
383,702
?,]
140,455
n
66,586
18
20845
Montana
Nebraska .»
Nevada
New Hampshire .
W.
284,574
1H
269,328
is
244,161
16
214,460
11
183,858
in
141885
18
373,306
14
320,823
is
277,575
I9
245562
in
211 149
q
184 139
New York
1
2,428,921
1
1,918,608
i
1,372,812
?,
959,049
3
689,051
5
34ai20
North Carolina
7
753,41S
5
737,987
4
638,829
4
555,500
4
478,103
3
393,751
North Dakota
Ohio.. .
a
1,519,467
4
937,903
5
581,434
n
230,760
18
45365
Oregon
Pennsylvania
?,
1,724.033
2
1,348,233
i
1,049,458
3
810.091
3
602,365
?
'"434,37s
Rhode Island
24
108,830
23
97J99
an
83.059
17
76,931
16
69.122
IIS
68825
South Carolina
11
594,398
9
581,185
8
502,741
6
415,115
6
345,591
7
249,073
South Dakota
Tennessee
ft
829,210
7
681,904
q
422,823
10
261,727
T)
105602
17
35691
Texas
Vermont . .
ii
291.948
17
280,652
16
235.966
15
235,981
13
154,465
T>
85425
Virginia
4
1,239,797
8
1,211,405
?,
1,065,366
1
974,600
SSOIZOO
1
747,610
West Virginia
Wisconsin
W
30,945
Wyoming
The states
17.019.641
12,820.868
9,600,783
~7,215,858
5,294,390
Alaska
Arizona.
Dakota
District of Columbia
1
43,712
1
39,834
1
33,039
1
24023
1
14093
Idaho
Indian Territory
Montana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Utah
Washington
The territories
43,712
39,834
....
33,039
24,023j
14,093
On public ships in service of
United States
6,100
5,318
United States
17,069,453
12,866,020
9,638,453
....
7,239,881
....
5,308.483
•_n
3,929,314
NOTE — The narrow column under each census
year shows the order of the states and terri-
tories when arranged according to magnitude of
population.
DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS.
Per cent of total population of continental United States in each of the nine geographic divisions:
Division. 1910. 1900. 1890. 1850.
New England 7.4 7.4 7.5 11.8
Middle Atlantic 21.0 20.3 20.2 25.4
East North Central 19.8 21.0 21.4 19.5
West North Central 12.7 13.6 14.2 3.8
South Atlantic 13.3 13.7 14.1 20.2
Bast South Central 9.1 9.9 10.2 14.5
West South Central 9.6 8.6 7.5 4.1
Mountain - 2.9 2.2 1.9 0.3
Pacific 4.6 3.2 S.O 0.5
Including the populatioa of the Philippines and
other possessions, the population living under the
American flag in 1910 was as follows:
United States 93,402,151
Philippines (1903) 7,635,426
Guam, estimated 9,000
Samoa, estimated 6,100
Panama Canal Zone, estimated 50.000
Total 101,102,177
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
199
GROWTH OF POPULATION OF
THE UNITED STATES.
Increase
States and 1900 to 1910. 1890 to 1900.
territories. 1910. 1900. 1890. Number. Perct. Number. Perct.
Alabama 2.138.093 1.828.697 1.513.401 309.396 16.9 315.296 20.
Arizona 204.354 122,931 88.243 81.423 66.2 34.688 39.
Arkansas 1.574.449 1.311.564 1.128.211 262.885 20.0 183.353 16.1
California 2.377.549 1.485,053 1.213.398 892.496 60.1 271.655 22.4
Colorado 799.024 539,700 413.249 259.324 48.0 126.451 30.6
Connecticut 1.114,756 908,420 746.258 206.336 22.7 162.162 21.7
Delaware 202.322 184,735 168,403 17.587 9.5 16.242 9.6
Dist. of Columbia 331,069 278.718 230.392 52.361 18.8 48.326 21.0
Florida 752.619 528,542 391.422 224.077 42.4 137.120 35.0
Georgia 2.609.121 2,216,331 1.837,353 392.790 17.7 378.978 20.6
Idaho 325.594 161.772 88.548 163.822 101.3 73.224 82.7
Illinois 5,638.591 4,821,550 3.826.352 817.041 16.9 995.198 26.0
Indiana 2.700.876 2.516,462 2,192.404 184.414 7.3 324.058 14.8
Iowa 2,224.771 2.231.853 1.912,297 •7,082 *0.3 319.556 16.7
Kansas 1.690,949 1,470,495 1.428.108 220.454 15.0 42.387 3.0
Kentucky 2.289.905 2,147,174 1,858.635 142.731 6.6 288.539 15.5
Louisiana 1.656.388 1.381,625 1.118.588 274.763 19.9 203.037 23.5
Maine 742.371 694.466 661.086 47.905 6.9 33.380 5.0
Maryland 1.295.346 1.188,044 1,042.390 107.302 9.0 145.654 14.0
Massachusetts .. 3.366.416 2.805.346 2.238.947 561.070 20.0 566.399 25.3
Michigan 2,810.173 2.420.982 2,093,890 389.191 16.1 327,092
Minnesota 2,075.708 1.751.394 1.310.283 324.314 18.5 441.111 33.7
Mississippi 1.797.114 1.551.270 1.289.600 245,844 15.8 261.670 20.3
Missouri 3.293.335 3.106.665 2.679.185 186,670 6.0 427.480 16.0
Montana 376.053 243,329 142.924 132.724 54.5 100.405 70.3
Nebraska 1.192.214 1.066.300 1,062,656 125.914 11.8 3.644 0.3
Nevada 81.875 42.335 47.355 39.540 93.4 t5,020 flO.6
New Hampshire. 430.572 411.588 376.530 18.984 4.6 35.058 9.3
New Jersey 2.537.167 1.883,669 1.144.933 653.498 34.7 438,736 30.4
New Mexico 327.301 195.310 160.282 131.991 67.6 35.028 21.9
New York 9.113.614 7.268,894 6.003.174 1.844.720 25.4 1.265.720 21.1
North Carolina.. 2.206.287 1.893.810 1.617.949 312,477 16.5 275.861 17.1
North Dakota... 577.056 319,146 190,983 257.910 80.8 128.163 67.1
Ohio 4.767.121 4.157,545 3.672.329 609.576 14.7 485,216 13.2
Oklahoma 1.657.155 790,391 258,657 866.764 109.7 531.734 2(
Oregon 672.765 413.536 317.704 259.229 62.7 95.832
Pennsylvania ... 7.665.111 6.302.115 5,258.113 1.362.996 21.6 1.044.002 19.9
Rhode Island.... 542.610 428.556 345.506 114,054 26.6 83.050 24.0
South Carolina.. 1.515.400 1.340.316 1.151.149 175.084 13.1 189.167 16.4
South Dakota... 583.888 401,570 348.600 182,318 45.4 52.970 15.2
Tennessee 2.184.789 2.020,616 1.767.518 164.173 8.1 253.098 14.3
Texas 3.896.542 3.048.710 2.235.527 847.832 27.8 813,183 36.4
Utah 373.351 276.749 210.779 96,602 34.9 65.970 31.3
Vermont 355.956 343.641 332.422 12.315 3.6 11.219 3.4
Virginia 2.061.612 1.854.184 1.655,980 207.428 11.2 198,204 12.0
Washington 1.141,990 518.103 357.232 623.887 120.4 160,871 45.0
West Virginia... 1.221.119 958.800 762.794 262.319 27.4 196.006 25.7
Wisconsin 2.333.860 2.069.042 1.693.330 264.818 12.8 375.712 22.2
Wyoming: 145.965 92.531 62.555 53.434 57.7 29.976 47.9
Continental U. S. 91.972.266 75.994,576 62.947.714 15.947.691 21.0 13.046.861 20.7
Alaska 64.356 63.592 32.052 764 1.2 31,540 98.4
Hawaii 191.909 154,001 89.990 37,908 24.6 64.011 71.1
Porto Rico 1.118.012 t953.769 . 164.769 17.3
48
JTotal U. S.... 93.346,543 77.165.937 63,069.75616.151.132 20.9 13.142.412 22.7
•Decrease, tin 1899. tDoes not include soldiers and sailors stationed abroad.
DECENNIAL INCREASE OF POPULATION.
Continental United States.
Census. Population. Increase. Percent,
1910 91,972.266 15,977,691 21.0
1900 75.994.575 13,046.861 20.7
1890 62,947,714 12.791.931
1880 50.155,783 11.597,412
1870 38.558,371 7.115.050
1860 31,443,321 8.251.445
1850 23.191.876 6.122.423
1840 17.069.453 4,203,433
1830 12.866.020 3,227.567
1820 9.638.453 2,398,572
1810 7.239.881 1.931,398
5.5
30.1
22.6
35.6
35.9
32.7
33.5
33.1
36.4
Increase. Percent.
1.379.269 35.1
Census. Population.
1800 5.308.483
1790 3.929.214
INCREASE (1900-1910).
Division. Number.
New England 960.664
Middle Atlantic 3.861.214
East North Central 2.265,040
West North Central 1.290.498
South Atlantic 1.751,415
East South Central 862.144
West South Central 2.252.244
Mountain 958.860
Pacific 1.775.612
CENTER OF POPULATION AND MEDIAN LINES.
The center of population, according to the
bureau of the census, may be said to represent
the center of the gravity of the population. If
the surface of the United States he considered as
a rigid plane without weight, capable of sustain-
ing the population distributed thereon, individu-
als being assumed to be of equal weight, and
each, therefore, to exert a pressure on any sup-
porting pivotal point directly proportional to his
distance from the point, the pivotal point on
which the plane balances would, of course, be
its center of gravity, and this Is the point re-
ferred to by the term "center of population" aa
used by the census bureau In Its reports.
The median point, which may be described an
the numerical center of population, is in no
200
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
CENTER OF POPULATION; -
AT EACH CENSUS
1790 TO 1910
MEDIAN POINT
1880 TO 1910 —
sense a center of gravity. In determining the
median point distance is not taken into account,
and the location of the units of population is
considered only in relation to the intersecting
median lines— as being north or south of the me-
dian parallel and east and west of the meridian.
The position of the center of population and its
movement during each decade since 1790 are
shown in the following table:
Cens
year
1790.
1800.
1810.
1820.
1830.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
North
us latitude.
D. M. S.
.39 16 ai
.39 16 6
.39 11 30
.39 5 42
.38 57 54
.39 2 0
.38 59 0
.39 0 24
.39 12 0
.39 4 8
.39 11 56
.39 9 36
.39 10 12
West
longitude.
D. M. S.
6 li 12
6 56 30
7 37 12
8 33 0
79 16 54
SO 18 0
81 19 0
82 4S 48
83 35 42
84 39 40
85 32 53
85 48 54
86 32 20
*West
Approximate location by important towns.
.23 mil^s east of Baltimore Md
Movement in miles duricg
, preceding decade. .
Direct Wesi- North- Bcutb-
line. ward. ward. ward.
40.6 40.6 .... 0.5
36.9 36.5 .... 5.3
50.5 50.1 .... 6.7
40.4 39.4 .... 9.0
55.0 54.8 4.7 ....
54.8 54.7 .... 3.5
80.6 80.6 1.6 ....
44.1 42.1 13.3 ....
58.1 57.4 .... 9.1
48.6 47.7 9.0 ....
14.6 34.4 .... 2.8
39.0 38.9 0.8 ....
.40 miles northwest by west of Washington, D. C.
.16 miles north of Woodstock, Va
.19 miles west-southwest of Moorefleld, W. Va.*.
.16 miles south of Clarksburg, W. Va.*
.23 miles southeast of Parkersburg, W. Va.*
20 miles south of Caillicothe O
.48 miles east by north of Cincinnati, O
8 miles west by south of Cincinnati O
20 miles east of Columbus Ind
.6 miles southeast of Columbus, Ind
In the citv of Bloomington Ind .
Virginia formed part of Virginia until 1863.
MRDIAN LINES.
In connection Tvith the definition of the median
point another method of presenting facts with
regard to the geographical distribution of the
population has been noted, involving the location
of median lines. A parallel of latitude is deter-
mined which evenly divides tne population so
tdat the population north of that parallel is the
same as that south. Similarly, a meridian of
longitude, is determined which divides the popu
lation evenly as between east and west. In cal-
culating these median lines It is necessary, in
the case of the square degrees of latitude and
longitude whioh are traversed by the lines them-
selves, to assume tmt tne ponulation is evenlv
distributed through these square degrees or to
make an estimated adjustment where this is ob-
vionsly not the case.
The eastern terminus of the median parallel
according to the census of 1910. is on the New
jersey coast near Seagirt. In its course west
this line passes through central New Jers'ey,
leaving the state near Burlington and entering
Pennsylvania a few miles north of Philadelphia.
tnence passing tnrough Norrtstown and continu-
ing through southern Pennsylvania and across
the northern extremity of West Virginia, leaving
the latter state at a point a few tnilp« north o'
Wheeling. It nearly bisects Ohio, Indiana and
Illinois, crossing about ten miles north of Colum-
bus, O.; twenty-five miles north of Indiananqlis.
Ind., and about twenty miles north of Spring-
field, Hi. Through Missouri it runs about thirty
miles south of the Iowa and Missouri line,
tnence passing through Nebraska about ten miles
north of its southern houndary, and ncross the,
northern part of Colorado, passing about five
miles north of Boulder City. Its lo^tion in Utah
is about forty-five miles south of Salt Lake City.
There are no large towns near its course across
the northern part of Nevada and California. The
western terminus of the median parallel Is on
the Pacific coast, in Humboldt county, California,
about five miles north of Point Delgada ana
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
201
twenty miles south of Cape Mendocino. the point
of continental United States extending farthest
west.
The median meridian starts at Whiteflsh point,
on the northern peninsula of Michigan, near the
eastern end of Lake Superior, thence passing
south about twenty-five miles west of Lansing
and through Indiana about ten miles west of the
Indiana-Ohio boundary and twenty-five miles west
of Cincinnati. South of the Ohio river it bisects
Kentucky, crosses eastern Tennessee and leaves
that state twenty miles east of Chattanooga.
Through Georgia it passes close to the Georgia-
Alabama line, about two miles west of Colum-
bus, Ga., leaving the state near the intersection
of the Alabama, Georgia and Florida boundary
lines. It then crosses the northwestern part of
Florida and terminates in the Gulf of Mexico at
the city of Apalachicola. The following tnblo
ehows the movement of the median lines from
1880 to 1910, inclusive:
Median me- Movement In miles
.west Median Median,
Median par-
allel.
Census north latitude:,
year u. M. s.
1S80...
1890...
1900...
1910...
. 39
. 40
. 40
24
6.6 27.0
2.4 10.8
2.3 7.5
MEDIAN POINT.
The exact location, of the median point is in-
dicated by the median lines already shown; in
the following table its approximate location with
reference to certain towns is described:
Approximate Location by Important Towns.
1880.... 16 miles nearly due west of Springfield, O.
1890.... 5 miles southwest of Greenville, O.
1900.... In Spartanburg, Ind.
1910.... 3 miles south of Winchester. Ind.
POPULATION BY COLOR OR RACE.
GENERAL SUMMARY.
Color or race. 1910. 1900.
White 81,731,957
Negro 9,827,763
Indiim 265,683
Chinese 71,531
Japanese 72,157
All other 3,175
237,196
89,863
24,326
Total 91,972,266 75,994,575
2,009
442,891
21,645
11,453
15.174
31,181
94,446
BY STATES (1910).
State. White. Negro.
Alabama 1,228,832
Arizona 171,468
Arkansas 1,131.026
California 2,259,672
Colorado 783,415
Connecticut 1,098,897
Delaware 171,102
District of Columbia 236,128
Florida 443,634
Georgia 1, 431, 802
Idaho 319,221
Illinois 5,526,962
Indiana 2.639.961
Iowa 2, 209, 191
Kansas 1,634,352
Kentucky 2.027,951
Louisiana 941,086
Maine 739,995
Maryland 1.0€2,639
Massachusetts 3.324.926
Michigan 2,785,247
Minnesota 2,059,227
Mississippi 7<=6.m
Missouri 3,134.932
Montana 360,580
Nebra ska 1, 1 SO. 293
Nevada 74.276
New Hampshire 429,906
New Jersey 2.44s 894
New Mexico 304.594
New York 8.9*6.845
North Carolina 1,500,511
North Dakota 569,855
1,176,987
651
109,049
60,320
14,973
54,030
261,656
713, 874
1,363
232,250
38,055
17,115
7.084
1,009,487
157,452
1,834
7,689
513
564
89,760
1.628
134,191
697,843
617
Indian.
909
29,201
460
16,371
1,482
152
5
68
74
95
3,488
188
279
471
2,444
234
780
7,519
9.053
1,253
313
10,743
3,502
5,240
34
Ifi8
20.573
6.046
7,851
6.846
State. White.
XPJO ...................... 4,654,897
Oklahoma ................. 1,444531
Oregon .................... 655,090
RhD28yTV?nl5 ............ 7,467,713
Rhode Island ........... , 532 492
South Carolina...
South Dakota .......... S|}8
Tennessee ............... 1,711 432
3,204,848
Negro. Indian.
...................... 366583
Vermont ................. 354298
Virginia ......... 1 389 80<»
Washington ...... ""I'.: iffiS
West Virginia ............ 1,156817
111,452
137,612
1.492
193,919
9,529
835,843
817
473,088
690.049
1,144
1,621
671,096
6,058
64,173
2.900
2,235
127
74,825
6.090
1,503
284
331
19.137
216
702
3,123
26
539
10,997
36
10.142
1,486
Total .................. 81.731.~957
9,827.763 265.683
Chinese. Japanese.Other.
Alabama 62
Arizona " 1,305
Arkansas 62
California i". "36,248
Colorado 373
Connecticut ' 462
Delaware
District of Columbia , 369
Florida 191
Georgia *.!..!'.'.'."• 233
Idaho 859
Illinois 2103
Indiana ." £76
Iowa 97
Kansas '.'.' ig
Kentucky 53
£f«>lana """. 507
Maine iog
Maryland 373
Massachusetts '.'.'."'. 2,582
Michigan 241
Minnesota 275
Mississippi 257
Missouri 535
Montana i,285
Nebraska 112
Nevada 927
New Hampshire .'.* 67
New Jersey 1,139
New Mexico 248
New York 5,266
North Carolina go
North Dakota 39
Ohio .'.'.'.' 569
Oklahoma 139
Oregon 7,353
Pennsylvania 1,784
Rhode Island £72
South Carolina 57
South Dakota 121
Tennessee 43
Texas 595
Utah 371
Vermont 8
Virginia 154
Washington 2,709
West Virginia 90
Wisconsin 226
Wyoming 246
Total 71,531 72,157
NEGROES IN LARGE CITIES.
City. 1910. 1900.
Albany, N. Y 1,037 1,178
Atlanta, Ga 51,902 35,727
Baltimore, Md 84,749 79258
Birmingham, Ala 52305 1-5,575
Roston, Mass 13.564 11591
Bridgeport. Conn 1.332 1449
Buffalo. N. Y 1.773 1,698
Cambridge. Mass 4. 707 3888
Chicago. Ill 44.103 30^150
Cincinnati, O 19,639 14482
Cleveland. 0 8,448 5,988
Columbus, 0 12,739 8201
Dayton. 0 4,842 3,387
4
371
9
41,356
2,300
71
4
47
60
4
1,363
285
38
38
107
12
31
13
24
151
49
67
2
99
1,585
590
864
206
258
1,247
2
69
76
48
3,418
190
33
8
42
8
340
2,110
3
14
12,929
3
34
1,596
2,257
1
110
312
2
186
'"3
84
3.175
Pet.
1910.
1.0
33.3
15.2
39.4
2.0
1.3
0.4
4.5
2.0
5.4
1.5
7.0
4.1
2C2
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
City. 1910. 1900.
Denver. Col 6,426 3,92*
Detroit, Mlcto 6,741 4,111
wall Kiver, Mass 355 824
arand Rapids, Mich 665 604
Indianapolis, lud 21,816 15,931
Jersey City, N. J 5,960 3,704
Kansas City, Mo 83.566 17,567
Los Angeles, Cal 7,599 2.131
Louisville, Ky 40,522 39,139
Lowell. Mass 133 136
Memphis, Tenn 52,441 49,910
Milwaukee, Wis 980 862
Minneapolis, Minn 2,592 1,548
Nashville, Tenn 36,523 30.044
New Haven, Couu 3,561 2,887
New Orleans, La 89,262 77,714
New York, N. Y 91,709 60,666
Newark, N. J 9,476 6,694
Oakland, Cal 3,055 1,026
Omaha. Neb 4,426 3,443
Paterson, N. J 1,539 1,182
Philadelphia, Pa 84,459 62,613
Pittsburgh, Pa 25,623 20,355
Portland, Ore 1,045 775
Providence, R. 1 5,316 4,817
Richmond, Va 46,733 32,230
Rochester, N. Y 879 601
St. Louis, Mo 43.960 35.516
St. Paul, Minn 3,144 2.263
San Francisco, Cal 1,642 1,654
Scranton, Pa 567 621
Seattle, Wash 2,296 40$
Pet.
1910.
S.6
1.2
O.I
0.6
9.3
2.2
9.5
2.4
18.1
0.1
40.0
0.3
0.9
33.1
2.7
26.3
1.9
2.7
2.0
3.6
1.2
6.5
4.8
0.5
2.4
36.6
0.4
6.4
1.5
0.4
0.4
1.0
1910.
Pet.
1900. 1910.
376 0.7
1,104 0.»
1.034
Spokane, Wash 723
Syracuse, N. Y ..1241
Toledo, 0 1,124
Washington, D. 0 94,446 86.702 28.6
Worcester, Mass 1,877 1,710 1.1
NEGRO POPULATION BY CENSUS YEARS.
1910 9,828.294
1900 8.840,789
1890 T.488.7S8
1880 6.580,793
1870 4.880,009
1860 4,441,830
1850 3,638,808
1840 2,873, 64S
1830 2,328,642
L820 1.771,656
1810 1,377,808
1800 1,002,037
1790 757,20ft
PER CENT INCREASE BY COLOR OR RACE
(1900-1910).
Division. White.Negro.'Other.
New England 17.3 12.2 t— 0.&
Middle Atlantic 24.9 28.2 — 1.»
East North Central 14.1 16.7 25.3
West North Central 12.8 2.0 —0.1
South Atlantic 20.4 10.3 28.5
East South Central 14.1 6.1 l.»
West South Central 40.9 17.1 17.1
Mountain 59.5 37.7 16.&
Pacific 75.4 99.1 28.4
United States 22.3 11.2 17\*
*Includes Indian, Chinese, Japanese and all
other. tMinus sign (— ) denotes decrease.
CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX.
GENERAL SUMMARY 1910. BY CENSUS YEARS.
Class. Male. Female. *Ratio. Year. Male. Female.
White 42,178,245 39.553,712 1066 1910 47332277 44639989
'Ratio.
106.0
104.4
105.0
103. R
102.2
104.7
104.*
103.7
103.1
103.2
emale.
90.059
57.72»
105.986
225.412
61.668
67.032
117.581
130.322
121,967
156.529
115.380
54.769
64.835
184.369
144.063
68.209
66.910
175,836
384.401
174.080
71,952
59,294
63.161
788.545
260,316
88.346
114.038
109.797
340.961
-02.935
180.011
64.276
100.421
46.889
68.443
83.80G
173.01*
72.562
Negro 4,885,881 4,941,882 98.9 1900 38,816448 37,178*127
Indian 135,133 130,550 103.5 1890 32237101 30710613
Chinese 66,856 4,675 1,430.1 1880. 25518820 24636963
Japanese 63,070 9087 694 1 1870 19493565 19'064'806
All other 3 092 83 1860 16'085'204 15'358'll7
Native white 34,654,457 3S.73l.9SR 102 7 isso.. . il'tor'ncn ii'ttu «i«
Native parentage.. .25, 229,218 J
Foreign parentage. 6,456,793
Mixed parentage... 2,968,446
Foreign born 7 523 788
4 259 357 104 0 1840 8 688 532 8 380*921
6,459.518 100.0 1830 6,532*489 6* 333*531
3.013,080 98.5 1820 , 4 89fi firtn 4 741 848
6,821,757 129.2
[4,639,989 106.0 *Males to 100
State. Male. Female.
Rhode Island.. 270.251 272.251
South Carolina 751.842 763,558
South Dakota. 317.101 266.787
Tennessee .... 1,103,491 1.081.298
Texas 2 017 612 1 878 930
females.
City. Male. E
Columbus, O 91.452
Dayton, O.... 58 848
Total population.... 47.332,277 4
BY STATES (1910).
State. Male. Female.
Alabama 1.074.209 1,063.884
Arizona 118.582 85.772
Arkansas 810.025 764.424
California 1.322.973 1.054.576
Colorado 430.697 368.327
Connecticut .. 563.641 551.11b
Delaware 103,435 98.887
Dist. Columbia 158.050 173.019
Florida 394.166 358.453
Georgia 1.305.019 1.304102
Denver. Col 107.395
Detroit. Mich... 240.354
Fall River, Mass. 67.627
Gr. Rapids, Mich. 65,539
Indianapolis, Ind. 116,069
Jersey City, N.J. 137.457
Kansas City. Mo. 126,414
Los Angeles.Cal. 162,669
Louisville. Ky.. 108,548
Lowell, Mass... 61.525
Memphis, Tenn. 66.270
Milwaukee, Wis. 189.488
Minneap's.Minn. 157.345
Nashville, Tenn. 52.155
NewHav'n.Conn. 66.695
New Orleans, La. 163.239
New York, N.Y. 2.382.482 2
Newark. N. J.. 173.389
Oakland, Cal... 78.222
Omaha. Neb 64.802
Paterson, N. J. 62.439
Philadelphia. Pa. 760.463
Pittsburgh, Pa.. 273,589
Portland, Ore... 118.868
Providence, R.I. 110.288
Rochester. N.Y. 108.352
St. Louis, Mo.. 346.068
St. Paul, Minn. 111,809
S.Frnncisco.Cal. 236.901
Scranton. Pa 65,!i91
Seattle. Wash.. 136.V73
Spokane. Wash. 57.513
Svraouse. N. Y. 68.806
Toledo. 0 84.691
Washingt'n.D.C. 158.050
Worcester, Mass. 73,424
Utah '196*857 'l76'494
Vermont 182*. 5.68 173*388
Virginia 1.035.348 1.026,264
Washington .. 658,650 483.340
West Virginia 644,044 577.075
Wisconsin 1,208.541 1.125.319
Wyoming 91.666 54.299
Idaho 185,546 140.048
Illinois 2.911,653 2,726.938
Indiana 1.383.299 1.317.577
Iowa 1.148.171 1,076.600
Kansas 885,912 805037
Total 47 332 122 44 640 144
BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS.
Division. Male. Female.
New England... 3.265.137 3.287.544
Middle Atlantic.9.813.181 9.502.711
East North Cent.9.393.792 8,857,829
West North Cent.6,092,869 5,545,052
South Atlantic.. 6. 134,600 6.060.29o
East South Cent. 4,245, 170 4,164,731
WestSouthCent.4. 544,485 4,240,049
Mountain 1.478,010 1.155.507
Torino 2.365.878 1.826.426
BY PRINCIPAL CITIES (1910)
Citv. Male. Female.
Albany. N. Y... 48,270 51.983
Atlanta. Ga 74.501 80.338
Baltimore, Md.. 268.195 290.290
Birmingham. Ala. 67.268 65.417
Boston. Mass... 329.703 340.882
Bridgeport.Conn. 52.549 49.505
Buffalo. N. Y... 212.502 211.213
Cambridge. Mass. 50,161 54.67S
Chicago. Ill 1.125.764 1.059.519
Cincinnati. O... 177.511 186.080
Cleveland. O.... 289.262 271.401
Kentucky .... 1.161.709 1.128.196
Louisiana 835.275 821.113
Maine 377.053 365.318
Maryland 644.225 651.121
Massachusetts. 1.655,226 1.711.190
Michigan 1.454.534 1.355.639
Minnesota .... 1.108.511 967.197
Mississippi ... 905,761 891,353
Missouri 1,687,838 1.605.497
Montana 226,866 149,187
Nebraska 627,782 564.432
Nevada 52,551 29.324
NewHampshire 216.290 214.282
New Jersey... 1,286.463 1.250,704
New Mexico.. 175.245 152.056
New York 4.584.581 4.529.033
North Carolina 1,098.471 1,107.816
North Dakota. 317.554 259.502
Ohio 2.434.765 2.332,356
Oklahoma .... 881.573 775.582
Oregon 384,255 288510
Pennsylvania.. 3.942.137 3.722.974
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
203
BY
MEN OF VOTING AGE— 31 YEARS AND OVER.
STATES.
State. *Total.
Alabama 513,111
Arizona 74,051
Arkansas 395,824
California 920,397
Colorado 271,648
Connecticut 347,692
Delaware 61,887
District of Columbia. 103,761
Florida 214,195
Georgia 620,616
Idaho 110,863
Illinois 1,743,182
Indiana 822,434
Iowa 663.672
Kansas 508,529
Kentucky 603,454
Louisiana 414,919
Maine 235,727
Maryland 367,908
Massachusetts 1,021,669
Michigan 870,876
Minnesota 642,669
Mississippi 426,953
Missouri 973,062
Montana 155,017
Nebraska 353.626
New Hampshire 136,668
Nevada 40,026
New Jersey 774,702
New Mexico 94,637
New York 2,836,773
North Carolina 506,134
North Dakota 173.890
Ohio 1,484.265
Oklahoma 447,266
Oregon 257,1
Pennsylvania ,
Rhode Island ,
South Carolina...
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah 104,115
Vermont 113,506
Virginia 523,532
Washington 441,294
West Virginia 338,349
Wisconsin 683,743
Wyoming 63,201
United States 26,999,151 24,357.514 2.458,873
•Includes 62,967 Indians. 60.421 Chinese and
66,638 Japanese.
BY PRINCIPAL CITIES.
City. *Total. White. Negro.
Albany, N. Y 32,000 31,586 379
Atlanta, Ga 44.510 30,577 13,865
Baltimore. Md 163,554 137,025 26,214
Birmingham, Ala 40,699 24,248 16,441
Boston, Mass 208,321 202,105 6,070
Bridgeport, Conn 32,991 32,461 471
Buffalo. N. Y 128,133 127,300 740
Cambridge, Mass 30.262 28,777 1,384
Chicago, 111 700,590 680,950 17,845
Cincinnati, 0 113,919 106,508 7,387
Clereland, 0 177,386 173,847 3,298
Columbus, 0 60,892 55,821 6,029
Dayton, 0 38.236 36,432 1,781
Denver, Col 71.990 69,256 1,199
Detroit, Mich 150,017 147,737 2,224
Fall River. Mass 31,647 31,441 133
Grand Ranids, Mich 34,295 34,008 264
Indianapolis, Ind 76,743 69,141 7,556
Jersey City, N. J 80,866 78,617 2,104
Kansas City, Mo 87,457 78,269 9.101
Los Angeles, Oal 114,889 107.633 2,571
Louisville, Ky 67,676 53,980 13.687
Lowell, Mass 31,300 31.206 44
Memphis. Tenn 44.309 27.031 17.238
Milwaukee, Wis 113,106 112,651 396
Minneapolis, Minn 105,305 103,961 1,227
163,834
335,046
178,189
552,668
1,003,357
White.
298,943
65,097
284,301
846,207
264,603
342,392
52,804
75,765
124,311
353,569
107,469
1,701,042
801,431
657,914
490,225
527,661
240,001
234,855
303,561
1,006.431
862,222
636,903
192,741
919,480
148,733
348,915
136.393
36,632
744,843
88,733
2,783,371
357,611
171,941
1,444,477
395,377
245,343
2,242,597
160,412
165,769
172,722
433.431
Negro.
213,923
764
111,365
8,143
4,283
4,765
9,050
27,621
89,659
266,814
328
39,983
20,651
5,443
17,588
75,694
174,211
476
63,963
12,591
6,266
3,390
233,701
62,921
851
3,225
200
229
28,601
644
45,877
146,752
311
36,841
766
64,272
3.067
169,155
341
119,142
100,436
112,513
363,659
422,679
315,498
679,841
568
975
159.593
3,170
22,757
1,082
1,325
1,191
25.269
30,855
3.015
1,238
1.885
453
28.120
City. *Totn!
Nashville, Tenn 30774
New Haven, Conn... , 40*510
New Orleans. La ge'gg?
K York N Y 1,433*749
Newark, N. J 103234
Om^VS1 »•'*
(Jmaha, Neb... 4? 21 R
Paterson, N. J .' J .' .' .' .' 36* 573
Philadelphia, Pa 468811
Pittsburgh, pa. ...:::; SS
Portland, Ore 8B'ltl
Providence, R. I gg 983
Richmond, Va...
Rochester, N. Y... 69* 56
St. Louis. Mo....
St. Paul. Minn '.'.'.'.
San Francisco, Cal 1751951
Scranton, Pa 37059
Seattle, Wash 101*685
Spokane. Wash 40254
Syracuse, N. Y 44*713
Toledo. O... 52 748
Washington, Di'c.':.'. '.'.:'. 103,761
Worcester, Mass 45601
•Includes Indians. Chinese, etc.
White. Negro.
28,023 9,713
39,233
71,387
1,397,766
99,998
49,163
41,263
36,343
439,654
156,818
81,921
66,948
23.911
69,217
205,065
70,439
164,127
36,837
85,052
44,261
51,990
75,765
45,147
525
1,765
13,279
305
16.381
1,573
831
216
1,204
305
437
719
27,621
384
CITIZENSHIP OF FOREIGN BORN
MALES (1910).
Twenty-one years of age and over.
By States.
Albania ........... ^"
Arizona .......... 6912
Arkansas ..........
California ............. uftfn
Colorado ............... 35 245
Connecticut ........... 60608
Delaware ............ 3*707
District of Columbia.. 6*474
Florida ................ 5;959
Georgia ................. 4>023
Idaho .................. 12 817
Illinois .................. 317;339
Indiana ................. 42,533
I°w» .................... 90,573
Kansas ................ 39 145
Kentucky ............... 13*225
Louisiana .............. 10 024
Maine ................... 14,994
Maryland .............. 24,256
Massachusetts .......... 189126
Michigan ............... 167.304
Minnesota ........... 179187
Mississippi ............. Jig
Missouri ................ 65612
Montana .............. 27*635
Nebraska ............... 57*270
Nevada ................. 5606
New Hampshire ........ 16,?415
New Jersey .............. 128,438
New Mexico ........... 4267
New York .............. 502*. 083
North Carolina .......... 1439
North Dakota ........... 46.636
WHITE
1,113
595
27,708
6.536
9,103
658
1,058
783
^625
2.478
43,482
13,320
6,654
6.173
815
1,166
1.490
3,278
30.016
26,235
26,222
257
10.117
6.749
9,924
1,282
1,421
24.511
709
Ohio
Oklahoma" ".'.'.'.'.
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island ..
South Carolina.
South Dakota..
Tennessee ..
142,465
12,074
29,675
248,827
32,040
1,602
32,495
5.444
exas .................. 43.383
Utah ................... 15351
Vermont ............... i0i811
...............
Washington ........... 68,895
194
9.824
17.509
1.477
7.591
46.416
5,314
184
8,020
4fi4
6,833
2,415
1,164
859
15,258
2,793
14,574
1,388
99,940
19,615
69,431
3,159
2,304
7,411
1,846
6,215
174.581
18.354
20,275
12,247
2,754
9,151
23,672
13,573
212.033
76.550
58,132
1,233
25,835
16,937
12,347
4,479
19,377
122.076
6,048
475,259
827
10,965
113,856
4,449
17.430
367,765
31,996
739
4,378
1.867
37,865
9.«26
9.652
4,«93
43,201
204
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
State. Naturalized. 1st papers
West Virginia 7 263 1 353
. Allen.
22,545
42.937
8,125
2.266,515
34.1
11.7 per
3 of age
. Alien.
1.661
565
9,559
839
40,516
8,136
16,255
5,866
124.553
6,250
40,221
2,349
2 964
3,801
28,733
10,594
3,301
1,795
14,404
2,564
8,662
1,152
9,897
808
14,435
10,305
170
7,693
3,703
339,473
19,204
5,968
2,868
6,029
63,156
28,439
City. Natui
Portland Ore
•alized. 1st papers. Allen.
11,251 3,058 7,097
12,988 2,815 14,910
943 123 503
13,003 2,947 8,361
33,081 7,049 15,918
17.071 2,586 ' 5,576
36,375 10,681 21,872
7,930 964 6,801
16,438 3,068 11,474
5,495 1,374 3,451
7,036 862 4,715
8,752 724 4,308
6,474 1,058 2,304
9,126 1.514 11,184
AGE AND OVER (1910).
State. Number.
New York 2,757.521
North Carolina 519,575
North Dakota.. 122,406
Ohio 1,398,341
Wisconsin 142.848 47,708
Wyoming 6 837 1 937
Providence, R. I
Richmond, Va
Rochester N Y
Total 3 034 117 570 772
St. Louis, Mo
Per cent 45.6 8.6
NOTE— The citizenship of 775.393, or
cent, of tlie foreign born males 21 yean
and over was not reported.
By Principal Cities.
City. Naturalized. 1st papers
Albany NY • 4 827 462
St. Paul, Minn
San Francisco, Cal
Scranton Pa
Seattle, Wash
Spokane, Wash
Syracuse, N. Y
Toledo 0 ...
Washington, D. C
Atlanta, Ga. 1,011 193
\VOMEX 21 YEARS OF
State. Number.
Alabama 501,959
Arizona 43,891
Arkansas 351,994
California 671,386
Baltimore Md 16 643 2 664
Birmingham, Ala 1,179 186
Boston, Mass 47,791 10,438
Bridgeport, Conn 6,563 1,038
Buffalo, N. Y 29,409 4,413
Cambridge, Mass 7,162 1,189
Chicago, 111 190,693 31,586
Cleveland, 0 40,482 7,826
Columbus, 0 4,453 414
Dayton, 6 3,451 396
Denver, Col 10,959 2,102
Colorado 213,425
Connecticut ... 335,131
Delaware 58,442
Dist. Columbia. 116,148
Oklahoma 356, 194
Oregon 168,323
Pennsylvania... 2,114,008
Rhode Island.. 166.391
South Carolina 343,358
South Dakota.. 134,187
Tennessee 542,408
Texas 884 918
Detroit Mich 32 891 7 271
Fall River Mass 8 368 732
Idaho 69.81S
Illinois 1 567 491
Indianapolis, Ind 6,088 1,189
Indiana 770,658
Utah 85,729
Jersey City, N. J 16,556 3,067
Iowa 603 644
Vermont 106 883
Kansas City, Mo 6,953 890
Los Angeles, Oal 14,097 2 730
Kansas 438 934
Virginia 518-173
Kentucky 579,756
Louisiana 395,354
Maine 225 73<i
Washington ... 277,727
West Virginia. 2S4.969
Wisconsin 611.157
Wvoming 28840
Louisville Ky 6704 380
Lowell Mass 7 028 427
Memphis Tenn 1 664 197
Maryland 373,819
Massachusetts. 1,074,485
Michigan .... 786,033
Minnesota .. . 512,411
Mississippi . . 412,941
Missouri .... 896,152
Montana .... 81,741
Nebraska .... 298,040
Nevada 18,140
New Hampshire 135,372
New Jersey. .. 736,659
New Mexico. .. 73,152
* Foreign or mixed pa
Milwaukee, Wis.... 26',l55 9,887
Minneapolis Minn 23 462 5 427
Unit'd States. 24.555. 754
White 22,059,281
Nashville Tenn 951 80
New Haven Conn 8628 1426
Native par-
entage 12,484.481
Foreign par-
entage* ... 4.567.647
Foreign born.. 5,007,108
Negro 2,427.742
Indian 60.169
Other 8 607
New Orleans, La 6,138 595
New York N Y 318 091 106 525
Newark N J 21,427 4982
Oakland Oal . ... 10237 2004
Omaha Neb . . . 7 079 2 103
Paterson, N. J 9,817 1,387
Philadelphia, Pa 69,415 15,533
Pittsburgh Pa .... 28 797 5 355
rentage.
MALES OF MILITIA AGE— 18 TO 44 YEARS (1910).
State.
Alabama
Number.
401,145
58,962
311,792
665,522
203,982
257,996
44,634
78,349
171,688
497.095
86,384
1,330,556
580,557
475.829
State.
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts ..
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi .. ..
Missouri
Number.
370,227
457,493
338,343
151,325
271,373
760,324
616,729
491,113
345,745
721,166
123,232
267,497
29,383
90.357
State. Number.
New Jersey 597,513
New Mexico 73,097
New York 2,156,361
North Carolina. 392,192
North Dakota... 145,628
Ohio 1,076,928
State. Number.
Texas 804 980
Utah 84 449
Arkansas
Vermont 73,685
Virginia 398,728
Washington .... 340,872
West Virginia.. 275,048
Wisconsin 497,922
Wyoming 54,654
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. Columbia.
Florida
Georgia
Oklahoma 357.933
Oregon 190,553
Pennsylvania ... 1,788,619
Rhode Island... 125,213
South Carolina.. 276,788
South Dakota... 140,635
Tennessee 423,088
*l'er cent of total pop
United States. 20,473,684
Total in 1900..16.182.702
Per cent 1910* 22.3
Per cent 1900* 21.3
ulation.
Idaho ...
Illinois
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
POPULATION BY AGE PERIODS.
Age period. Total.
Cnder l year 2,217,342
Under 5 years 10.631,364
,6 to 9 years 9,760,632
10 to 14 years 9,107,140
15 to 19 years 9,063,603
20 to 24 years 9,056,984
25 to 29 years 8,180,003
SO to 34 years 6,972,185
35 to 39 years 6,396,100
40 to 44 years 5,261,587
•45 to 49 years 4,469.197
£0 to 54 years 3,900,791
Male.
1,123,409
5,380.596
Female.
1.093,933
5,250,768
Age period.
55 to 69 years
60 to 64 years
66 to 69 years
Total.
2,786,951
2,267,150
1 679 503
Male.
1,488,437
1,185,966
863 994
Female.
1,298,514
1,081,184
815 509
4,924,123
4,601,753
4,527,282
4,836,509
4,505,387
4,536,321
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 to 84 years
1,113,728
667,302
321 754
561,644
331,280
153,745
552,084
336,022
168,009
4,580,290
4,476,694
85 to 89 years
122 818
56*335
66*483
4,244,348
3,656,768
3.367,016
2,786,850
2,378,916
2,110.013
3,935,655
3,315,417
3,029,084
2,475,237
2,090,281
1.790.778
90 to 94 years
95 to 99 years
100 years and
Age unknown.
All ages...
33,473
7,391
over... 3,555
169,055
...91,972,266
14*553
3,045
1,380
114,443
47,332.277
18.' 920
4,346
2,175
54,612
44,639.989
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
205
URBAN AND RURAL. POPULATION BY AGE
(1910).
Population. Pet. of total.
Age period. Urbau. Rural. Urban. Rural.
Under 5 years... 4,200,291 6,431,073 9.9 13.0
6 to 9 years 3,773,917 5,986,715 8.9 12.1
10 to 14 years... 3,627,408 5,479,732 8.5 11.1
15 to 19 years... 4,003,271 5,060,332 9.4 10.3
20 to 24 years... 4,570,558 4,486,426 10.7 9.1
25 to 29 years... 4,338,392 3,841,611 10.2 7.8
30 to 34 years... 3,697,202 3,274,983 8.7 6.6
35 to 44 years... 6,133,259 5,524,428 14.4 11.2
45 to 54 years... 4,185,722 4,184,266 9.8 8.5
55 to 64 years... 2,302.142 2,751,959 5.4 5.G
65 years aud over. 1,693,010 2,256,514 4.0 4.6
6 to 14 years 7,401,325 11.466,447 17.4 23.2
15 to 24 years... 8,573,829 9,546,758 20.1 19.3
25 to 44 years... 14, 168, 853 12,641,022 33.2 25.6
45 to 64 years... 6,487,864 6,936,225 15.2 14.1
Age period. White. Negro. Indian.
Under 5 years . 9 322 914 1,263,288 40,384
5 to 9 years 8,47o,173 1,246,553 36,541
10 to 14 years 7,918,408 1,155,266 31,393
15 to la years 7,968,391 1,060,416 28,486
20 to 24 years . . . 7 986 411 1,030,795 21,844
25 to 29 years 7 257 136 881 227 18 137
30 to 34 years 6 267 276 668 089 16 243
35 to 39 years 5,731,845 633449 14834
40 to 44 years .. 4 780 272 455 413 11 961
45 to 49 years 4 061 062 385 909 9 887
50 to 54 years 3 555 313 326 070 9 343
55 to 59 years 2,564,206 209,622 7,171
60 to 64 years . . 2 069 323 186 502 6 524
65 to 69 years 1 549 954 123 550 4 482
70 to 74 years . . . . 1 030 884 78 839 3 382
75 to 79 years 620 992 44 018 2 105
80 to 84 years 294555 25579 1565
85 to 89 years 110 936 11 166 691
90 to 94 years 27 161 5 850 458
All ages .. 42 623 383 49 348 883 46 3 63 7
95 to 99 years 4757 2447 187
AGE PERIODS BY COLOR (1910).
Age period. White. Negro. Indian.
Under 1 year 1 955 605 252 386 8 216
100 years and over.. 764 2,675 116
Age unknown . . 134 224 31 040 949
All BSTPS . R1 731 9K7 9.R27 7fi3 9fi=L Rfi3
POPULATION BY MARI1
UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE— ALL AGES.
Male. Female.
Condition. Number. Pet. Number. Pet.
Total . 47 332 277 100 0 44 639 989 100 0
"AJL CONDITION (1910).
Dl-
Single. Married. Widowed, vorced.
45 to 64— Male... 722,701 5,771,630 598,642 58.177
Female 499,564 4,383,497 l,324rS38 47,134
65 and over— Male 123,322 1,303.768 539,058 13.075
Female . 124 223 687 335 1 140 558 6 903
Siugle 27,455,607 58.0 23,522,121 52.7
Married 18,093,498 38.2 17,688,169 39.6
Widowed 1 471 472 31 3 176 426 7 1
MARITAL CONDITION BY NATIVITY AND
COLOR.
Population 15 Years of Age and Over.
Wid- Dl-
State and sex. Single. Married, owed. vorced.
Native white— Nat.
par'ntage— Male.6,185,324 9,144,099 728,883 87,456
Divorced '156*176 0.3 185101 0.4
Not reported 155524 03 68172 02
POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER.
Male. Female.
Condition. Number. Pet. Number. Pet.
Single 12550129 387 8933170 297
Married 18,092,600 55.8 17,684,687 58.9
Widowed 1,471,390 4.5 3,176,228 10.6
Native white— For- '
eign or mixed par-
entage-Male ..2,906.042 2,677.706 160,779 24.688
Female 2 453 017 3 008 623 382 318 30 206
Divorced 156,162 05 185068 06
Not reported 155 524 05 68 172 0 2
MARITAL CONDITION BY AGE PERI9DS.
Age period. Single. Married. Widowed. vorced.
15 to 19— Male... 4,448, 067 51,877 1,110 347
Female 3,985,764 513,239 10,261 3.650
20 to 24— Male... 3, 432, 161 1,100.093 18,815 6.732
Female 2,163,683 2,225,362 55,354 20,370
25 to 34— Male... 2,767,957 4,964,769 110,431 34,571
Female 1 516 726 5 443 894 294 327 57 262
Foreign born white
Male 2,268.9164,432,135 384.726 23.059
Female 9941103624003 800112 20542
Negro — Male 1 083 472 1 749 228 189 970 20 146
Female 823 996 1 775 949 459 S31 33 286
Indian— Male 27*,391 * 46*154 5*,319 '679
Female 16 324 49 095 10 071 959
Chinese— Male ... 34,330 26.449 1.139 45
Female 680 2.016 229 5
Japanese— Male .. 42,688 15,918 495 86
35 to 44— Male... 1,026,502 4*.873',153 198*701 42*,68?
Female 628,516 4,410,310 411896 49 ''eg
FOREIGN BORN POPULATION
TOTAL FOREIGN BORN. *pct. In-
Conntry of birth. 1910. 1900. crease.
Northwestern Europe.... 6,740,400 7,016,311 —3.9
* OF THE UNITED STATES.
^ *Pct. In-
Country of birth. 1910. 1900. crease.
Austria 1174973 491295 1392
Hungary . . 495 609 145 714 240 1
England '877*719 '840*513 4 4
Balkan peninsula 220,946
Roumanla 65,923 15032 3386
Wales . 82*488 93*586 119
Bulgaria 11,498
Ireland . 1 352*251 1 615*459 16 3
Serbia 4,639
Montenegro 5,374 ... .
Scandinavian countries.. l",25o!.733 1*072>,092 16.7
Norway 403,877 336,388 20.1
Greece 101 282 8 515 1089 5
Turkey in Europe 32,230 9,910
Sweden 665.207 582,014 14.3
Europe 11,791,841 8,871,780 32.9
Netherlands 120,063 94931 265
Belgium 49400 29757 660
France 117,418 104,197 12.7
Turkey in Asia 59,729
Other Asiatic 2 591 11 895 78 2
Switzerland 124.848 115.593 8.0
feouthern and Eastern Eu-
rope 5 048 583 1 832 894 175 4
Asia 191,484 120,248 59.2
Canada— Newfoundland . 1,209.717 1,179,922 2.5
Canada— French 385,083 395,126 — 2.6
Canada— Other 819,554 784,796 4.4
West Indies ... 47 635 25 435 87 3
Portugal ' 59*360 ' 30*608 93 9
Spain 2°'l08 7*050 2136
Italy 1343*125 484027 1775
Russia and Finland 1,732*,462 640^743 170.4
Russia . 1 602 782 578 102 177 °
Cuba ... 15 133 11*081 36 6
Other West Indies 32*,502 14',354 126.4
Finland 'l29*680 67*039 1070
Austria-Hungary 1,670,582 637*,009 162.3
Central America... 1.736 3.897 —55.5
206
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Country of birth.
South America
1910.
8,228
•Pet. in-
19QO. crease.
4,733 73.8
America 1,489,231 1,317,380 13.0
Africa 3,992 2,538 67.3
Australia 9,035 6,807 32.7
Atlantic islands 18,274 9,768 87.1
Pacific islands 2,415 2,013 20.0
Country not specified.... 2,687 2,546 6.5
Born at sea 6,927 8,196 —15.5
Total foreign born 13,515,886 10,341,276 30.7
*Mlnus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.
NOTE — The figures for Europe include 2,858
from countries not specified in 1910 aud 22,575 in
1900. Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro were in-
cluded under "country not specified" in 1900.
Turkey in Europe and Turkey in Asia were com-
bined in the 1900 census. Newfoundland was in-
cluded with Canada in 1900 census.
born.
1,174,924
49,397
21,451
POPULATION OF FOREIGN
ENTAGE (1910)
Foreign
Country of origin.
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria*
Canada— French ...
Canada— Other 810,987
Denmark 181,621
England 876,455
France 117,236
Germany 2,501,181
Greece 101,264
Hungary 495,600
Ireland 1,352,155
Italy 1,343,070
Mexico 219,802
Netherlands 120,053
Norway 403,858
Portugal 57,623
Roumania 65,920
Russia— Finland 1,732,421
Scotland 261,034
Spain 21,977
Sweden 665,183
Switzerland 124,834
Turkey in Asia 69,702
Turkey in Europe 32,221
Wales 82,479
Other for. countries.. 88,014
Mixed for. parentagef
BIRTH OB PAR-
. Both One
parents parent
foreign, foreign.
709,070 117,565
26,448
948
330,976
859,204
147,648
692,285
78,937
13,419
286
216,179
704,099
70,795
853,702
96,216
3.91M47 1,869,590
5,524 2,877
191,059 13,568
2,141,577
695,187
107,866
116,331
410,951
41,680
20,707
949,316
175,391
4,387
646,788
90,669
17,480
2,560
84,934
31,362
1,177,092
1,010,628
60,103
64,333
67,190
164,290
11,819
1,094
70,938
223,238
6,770
152,244
86,147
1,449
533
81,534
40,919
Total 13,345,145 12,916,311 6,981,526
•Includes Serbia and Montenegro.
tParentsborn in different foreign countries.
NOTE — The above table includes white residents
of the United States born abroad (foreign born),
those having both parents born in the country
specified (both parents foreign) and those having
one parent born in the country specified and the
other in the United States (one parent foreign).
POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OR PAR-
ENTAGE BY STATES (1910).
Parentage.—
Foreign fMixed
born. *Foreign. forei
19,286
48,765
17,046
586,432
15,477
42,578
State.
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado 129,587
Connecticut 329,574
Delaware 17,492
District of Columbia. 24,902
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois 1.205J314
Indiana 159,663
Iowa ^ 273,765
Kansas 135,450
Kentucky 40,162
Louisiana 62,766
Maine 110,562
Maryland 104,944
Massachusetts 1,059,245
Michigan 597,550
Minnesota 643,595
Missouri 229,799
Montana 94,713
Nebraska 176,662
Nevada 19,691
New Hampshire 96,667
New Jersey 660,788
New Mexico 23,146
New York 2,748,011
North Carolina 6,092
North Dakota 156.654
Ohio 698,374
Oklahoma 40,442
Oregon 113,136
Pennsylvania 1,442,374
Rhode Island 179,141
South Carolina 6,179
South Dakota 100,790
Tennessee 18.607
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington 256,241
West Virginia 67,218
Wisconsin 612,865
Wyoming
32,417
42,176
65,822
49,921
27,057
635,889
181,428
374,489
25,873
45,066
35,825
25,672
75,195
1,723,847
350,551
632,181
292,105
124,704
112,717
134,955
191,838
1,170,447
964,882
941,136
618,201
106,809
362,353
20,951
103,117
777,797
26,331
3,007,248
8,851
251.236
1,024,393
94,044
135,238
1,806,267
194,646
11,137
217,491
38,367
361,914
131,527
75,055
37,943
282,528
57,638
1,044,761
32,504
2.829
2,206
2,414
61.244
14,683
20,720
1,666
3,031
2,863
1,698
6,834
99,659
14,293
30,169
17,433
6.597
8,146
6,101
7,994
80,901
69,997
66.828
27,483
8,137
19,177
2,256
4,329
62,982
1,351
204,767
416
16,429
63,139
5,293
12,323
104,223
12,688
592
12,577
2.456
13,143
16,675
3,235
2,262
26,223
2,646
50,297
2,949
Total 13,515,886 18,897,837 1,177.092
*Native white persons having both parents
born in same country, or one parent born in
foreign country and the other in the United
States. fNative whites whose parents were born
in different foreign countries.
FOREIGN BORN POPULATION BY STATES (1910).
Classified by country of origin.
Canada.-
State.
Austria.]
904
Belgium. *Bulgaria. French.
45 106 96
50 371 177
111 17 119
1,464 880 3,109
375 609 789
330 69 18,889
8 1 63
41 10 109
60 14 151
27 6 70
94 676 796
9,399 1,875 7,440
2,298 676 789
929 635 944
1,703 118 1,087
73 77 98
292 25 250
30 32 35,013
69 31 110
Other.
737
1.650
955
41,568
8,792
7,868
441
1.052
1,577
731
4,575
38.311
5,049
10,675
6.101
972
941
41,210
1,320
China.
44
1,016
44
27,764
, 320
385
29
270
156
174
773
1,560
196
76
16
34
346
65
299
tCuba.Denm'rk.]
230 197
37 884
27 178
854 14,209
99 2,756
341 2,724
34 52
243 176
17,050 295
226 112
13 2,254
551 17,369
82 900
76 17,961
74 2,760
42 78
630 239
80 929
453 237
Engl'nd.Flnl'nd.
2,365 38
3,500 560
1,519 15
48,703 6,159
12,928 1,239
22,463 776
1,558 9
2,638 21
3,078 89
1,671 49
4.983 652
60.363 2,390
9,783 215
16,788 140
11.262 49
2.619 18
2.086 118
6,651 831
6,211 47
Arizona
1 483
Arkansas
1 268
California
Colorado
. 17,165
13 043
Connecticut ...
Delaware
Dist. Columbia.
Florida
. 23,642
. 992
459
228
Georgia
349
Idaho ..
1,561
Illinois
.163,025
11 831
Indiana
Iowa
15 967
12,094
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
. 1,032
. 1,597
831
Maryland
. 8,254
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
207
State.
Massachusetts . 35,455
Michigan 31,034
Minnesota 37,121
Missouri 16,222
Montana 8,350
Nebraska 24,362
Nevada 822
New Hampshire 2,438
New Jersey 56.779
New Mexico 1,233
New York .245,004
North Carolina.. 139
North Dakota... 5,149
Ohio 72,887
Oklahoma 3,8b9
Oregon 5,241
Pennsylvania ..251,774
Rhode Island.... 6,130
South Carolina. 222
South Dakota... 5,372
Tennessee 637
Texas 20,570
Utah 1,870
Vermont 1,087
Virginia 1,281
Washington 12, 745
West Virginia.. 8,360
Wisconsin ....
Wyoming
, Luuuda. N
Austria.Belgium. 'Bulgaria.Frencb. Other.
38,692
3,966
1,745
5,683
1,557
1,000
235
491
26
175
1,867
44
3,484
&
229
1,525
191
573
5,250
959
97
237
27
328
74
25
48
1,228
800
4,020
169
375
2,421
451
2,155
183
178
21
122
167
1,033
2
268
1,697
115
1,095
1,407
50
1
501
11
240
346
2
10
1,647
100
393
331
134,659
11,062
779
2,874
674
272
40,865
1,203
111
24,563
29
2,376
2,310
320
1.146
1,246
34,087
39
998
91
356
114
14,643
104
3,711
88
7,992
143
162,710
144,780
China. tCuba.Denm'rk.Eugl'nd.Finl'nd.
7,290
10.968
6,661
1,575
17,013
7,832
912
514
19,131
21,382
2,551
11.263
14.737
7,867
243
5.012
1,065
11,415
1,256
35,771
784
17,004
1,288
1,873
187
249
452
760
53
932
202
4,482
61
30
398
127
6,468
1,468
215
46
98
40
492
311
7
126
2,301
62
163
204
2,287
150
112
272
39
47
16
40
1,917
25
17,483
43
9
245
65
68
2,105
316
59
17
71
359
9
37
233
175
46
54
38
State.
Franc<
j.Germaj
592
3,603
323
1,846
Arkansas
387
5,815
California
17,407
76,307
Colorado
1,374
17,071
Connecticut ....
2,619
31,127
Delaware
170
2,573
Dist. Columbia.
611
5,179
Florida ........
285
2,446
Georgia
224
3,029
Idaho
333
5,049
Illinois .-
7,972
319,199
Indiana
2,388
62,179
Iowa
1,618
98,759
Kansas
2,657
34,508
Kentucky
645
19,351
Louisiana
5,345
8,926
Maine
290
1.282
Maryland
Massachusetts..
552
5,926
36,657
30,555
Michigan
2,421
131,586
Minnesota
1,460
109,628
Missouri
2,794
88,226
Montana <
639
8,669
Nebraska
639
57.302
Nevada
653
1,916
New Hampshire
169
2,046
New Jersey
6,240
122,880
New Mexico
326
1,746
New York
23,472
436,911
North Carolina.
114
1.074
North Dakota...
265
16,572
Ohio
4,838
175,095
Oklahoma
749
10,090
Oregon
1,159
17,958
Pennsylvania ..
10,003
195,202
Rhode Island —
1,711
4,459
South Carolina..
70
1,744
South Dakota..,
252
21.544
Tennessee
305
3,903
Texas
1,821
44,929
Utah
303
3,963
Vermont
219
798
Virginia
300
4,228
Washington
2,340
29,388
West Virginia...
535
6,327
Wisconsin
1,396
233.384
Wyoming
316
2,638
Including Serbia and Montenegro. tAnd other West Indies.
Ireland. Italy. Japan.
C33
585
1,167
10
22
1,159
179
285
1,079
372
799
44,476
2,272
1,632
8,710
1,074
13,855
58,458
34
247
3,985
342
155
5,347
886
79
1.069
941
230
1,655
1,843
202
1,782
10,031
39,859
93,455
1,370
14,370
11,266
3,356
1,178
17,756
1,410
1,078
8,100
273
725
6,914
237
397
3,757
579
157
7,890
463
2,089
9,705
11,413
1,996
222,867
1,196
11,597
20,434
1,660
5,582
15,859
2,790
11,532
23,297
1,905
1.486
9.469
3,459
1,453
8,124
1.051
44
1,702
2,634
66
10,613
1,575
47,610
82,758
167
209
644
10,097
96,843
367,889
174
37
306
1,083
2,855
2,498
2,555
85,881
40,062
590
348
1,801
3,555
1,160
4,995
4,221
123,498
165,109
951
294
29,718
282
40
676
231
594
2,980
374
376
2.296
756
926
5,357
4,039
171
1,657
113
539
4,940
721
1,784
2,450
4,187
1,160
10,180
787
5.939
2,292
2,764
10,554
14,049
1,915
437
1,359
2,696
699
1,699
22,777
14,375
56,954
2,893
2,761
4,538
545
2,067
72,163
6,911
5,845
3.520
1.316
20,333
3,468
6,969
85,056
16,861
9,669
12.984
6,592
3,799
2.831
2.071
115,446
1,959
472,201
521
1,262
41,620
2,564
.5,538
196,122
27,287
316
1,158
2,034
7,190
3,117
4,594
2,449
13,121
17.292
9,273
1,961
5
284
9
10,264
2,245
65
4
44
46
5
1,330
274
41
33
111
11
30
12
23
150
56
67
100
1,566
583
855
1
193
254
1,163
2
58
70
47
3,277
181
30
7
33
8
316
2,050
3
14
12,177
4
34
1,575
3,405 92,658
10,744
6,315
42,737
31,144
16,137
12,139
26,637
1,729
13,760
120
1,943
8,981
4,111
13,674
8.009
79
616
1.793
174
131
4,862
1,198
5,059
50,375
1,640
116
1,101
26
12,544
146,870
8,760
36
940
18
5,355
3,070
1,186
1,837
43,347
3,988
550
2,981
18
3,215
7,998
4,734
3,034
109,115
2,413
328
27,834
297
51
517
42
6,294
4,024
1 381
163
2,045
21
1,289
8,498
160
8,300
18,083
1,012
172
2,464
293
240
3,687
50
7,804
19,430
8,709
67
3,511
127
16,454
13,959
5,705
962
2.985
1,380
es.
Nether-
Nor-
Mexico.
lands.
way.
81
127
266
14,172
23
123
132
145
76
8,086
1,015
5,060
2,602
710
1,787
19
304
1,265
2
20
38
26
64
149
145
85
304
25
52
145
133
261
2,566
672
14,402
32,913
47
2,131
531
620
11,337
21,924
8,429
906
1,294
28
140
53
1,025
113
295
28
27
580
10
203
363
71
1.597
5,432
86
33,471
7,638
52
3,542
105,303
1,413
988
660
67
1,054
7,170
290
872
2,750
732
44
255
6
48
491
97
12,698
5,351
11,918
86
151
555
12,652
25,013
10
28
39
8
709
45,937
85
2,278
1,110
2,744
230
351
199
618
6,843
153
1,231
2,320
8
143
578
2
19
82
15
2,656
20,918
45
78
89
125,016
424
1,785
166
1,392
2,305
6
25
102
12
99
311
145
2,157
12,177
10
60
38
39
7,379
57,000
188
79
623
State.
Alabama
Arizona ..
Arkansas
California
Colorado .
Portugal. Roumania. Russia. Scotland.
4
29
1
22,539
43
1,120
334
1,531
311
760
16,610
13,618
1,120
576
442
13,695
4,269
Turkey Turkey
Spain. Sweden. Switzerland. (Asia). (Europe). Wales.
74
857
4,229
177
753
843
385
26.212
12,446
213
314
804
14,521
1,167
128
169
3,709
128
44
45
812
217
230
210
148
2,416
1,989
208
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
State.
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. Columbia.
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Portugal. Roumania. Russia. Scotland.
707
1
291
6
8
9
3
73
82
37
Massachusetts.. 26,437
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina.
North Dakota..
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ..
Rhode Island....
South Carolina..
South Dakota...
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington ...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin
Wyoming
20
16
44
31
7
305
110
145
10
660
20
3
182
19
174
225
6,501
3
2
2
89
8
79
85
179
3
9
60
718
19
4,306
709
384
67
100
111
20
220
858
510
2,008
1,522
266
26
2,208
6
34,443
7
1,070
3,974
27
258
7,752
415
9
55
77
259
18
17
72
211
259
446
57
54,121
3,429
3,393
547
3,224
743
149,016
9,599
6,310
15,311
3,222
1,805
4,752
27,537
117,261
37,978
17,541
21,402
2,228
13,020
135
4,345
93,567
228
558,956
711
31,910
48,756
5,807
5,321
9,765
786
13,189
2,484
5,739
568
2,455
4.379
10,961
5,143
29,644
763
6,750
344
705
606
527
1,282
20.765
3,419
5,162
3,591
641
455
2,389
1,955
28,416
9,952
4.373
3,651
3,373
2,242
469
1,979
17,512
509
39,437
435
1,696
10,705
1,218
3,387
32,046
6,272
239
1,102
561
2,038
2,853
2,615
1,246
7.101
1,812
Turkey Turkey
Spain. Sweden.Switzerland. (Asia). (Kurupe). Wales.
5
51
4,199
91
1,047
364
40
40
282
24
719
111
84
649
53
53
266
49
21
778
17
495
100
3,766
8
13
123
47
462
354
40
14
5
26
848
24
351
69
385
464
34
120
18,208
332
359
729
289
4,985
116,424
5,081
26,763
13,309
190
344
2,203
421
26,374
122,428
6,654
6,412
23,219
708
2,068
10,547
365
53,705
112
12,160
5,522
1,028
10,099
23.467
7,405
95
9,998
363
4,706
7,227
1,331
368
32,199
279
25,739
2,497
78
281
146
169
1,319
8,661
2,765
3,675
2,853
1,653
421
56
452
1,341
2,780
2,992
6,141
988
2,150
468
78
7,549
172
16,315
68
560
770
3,853
7,484
221
1,773
1,691
214
246
3,447
600
8,036
251
1,738
10
139
291
376
73
2,690
287
369
949
744
80
12,546
1,567
698
1,084
201
672
25
891
2,396
123
9,478
402
392
2,031
376
197
4,486
3,132
263
246
159
1,125
215
189
484
423
726
791
151
9
41
744
99
129
2,453
2,274
479
287
55
196
721
44
3,592
342
628
1,000
491
247
15
1,965
389
17
5,004
107
270
1,935
135
553
2,754
658
43
238
20
237
146
31
144
728
420
397
262
816
34
87
63
89
722
4,091
1,498
2,434
1,615
222
583
1,513
786
1,023
1,219
884
824
168
68
1,202
93
7,464
35
222
9,377
365
585
29,255
268
11
503
252
301
1,672
1,043
225
1,976
880
2,507
419
FOREIGN BORN IN .CITIES OF 250.000 OE MORE INHABITANTS (1910).
Balti-
Country of birth, more. Boston. Buffalo. Chicago.
Austria 6,540 2,413
Belgium 28
Bulgaria* 14
Canada — French 45
Canada— Other 752
China 245
Cubat 355
Denmark 132
Fnffland 2,698
Finland 36
France 357
Germany 26,024
Greece 347
Hungary 1,358
Ireland 6,*
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Roumania ...
5,043
12
6
106
199
26
216
24,803
518
49
237
228
60
24
99
3,098
47,802
819
1,070
1.031
13,671
455
1,081
8,701
1,497
426
66,041
9,284
37
10
566
16,868
67
45
200
7,070
58
684
Scotland
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland ....
Turkey (Asia)...
Turkey (Europe)
Wales
All other _
Total 77,ft62 243,365
Minne-
Country of birth. apolis.
Austria 6,075
Belgium 63
Bulgaria* 235
Canada— French 1,637
61
24
486
1,914
1,296
373
41,892
5,062
268
7,123
415
2,088
623
315
1,222
2,742
9.423
11,399
12
20
314
253
12
106
11,349
1,978
24
1,021
639
207
97
217
262
132,063
2,665
515
4,633
26,688
1,335
393
11.484
27,912
1,191
3,036
182,289
6,564 •
28,938
65,965
45,169
220
188
9,632
24,186
50
3,344
121,786
10,305
243
63.035
3,494
1,175
711
1,818
2,400
Cin-
cinnati.
1,638
24
184
73
887
16
40
79
1,872
10
665
28,426
180
6,344
6,224
2,245
15
322
37
8
454
4,999
458
20
114
696
245
280
177
121
Cleve-
land.
42,059
90
46
671
8,794
155
71
448
11,420
499
494
41,408
275
31,503
11,316
16
'18
1,076
512
3
761
25.477
2,880
28
1,657
1.373
4S7
251
1,298
339
Detroit.
14,160
2,237
65
4,166
38,648
24
58
411
9,038
59
636
44,675
5S5
5,935
5,584
5,724
28
27
584
225
5
313
16,644
3,320
18
601
595
561
125
170
311
Jersey
City.
4,978
173
7
107
1,010
132
212
346
4,632
681
596
16,131
179
1,084
16,124
12,060
5
14
243
1,360
25
196
13,667
1,668
72
1,280
653
103
38
139
172
Los Milwau-
Angeles.
2,510
213
116
592
7,686
1,481
119
1,096
7,581
261
1,916
9,684
361
820
3,878
3,802
3,931
6,632
408
1,003
128
297
4,758
1,589
384
3,414
828
385
120
414
11,653
86
64
218
1,671
39
31
619
2,086
110
251
64,818
1,104
5,571
1,966
3,374
726
615
2,144
1
267
11,992
647
21
781
833
78
147
231
195
118,689 783.428
New New
Orleans. York.
645 190,246
91 2,260
5 540
101 2,844
56,859
Newark.
12,963
70
10
'Including Serbia and Montenegro.
196,170 157,534 77,987 66,133 111.529
Phila- Pitts- St. S. Frnn- Wash.,
delphia. burgh. Louis.. Cisco. D. O.
19,860 21,400 11,171 9,641 45»
478 100 353 448 41
100 71 165 160 10
99 301 86 260 474 109
tAnd other West Indies.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
20&
Minne- New New
Country of birth. apolis. Orleans. York. 1>
Canada — -Other . 5 905 • 387 23 476
Phlla-
• ewark. delphia.
1,126 3,735
194 866
183 1,529
360 1,119
6,698 36,564
69 226
697 2,659
22,177 61,480
297 589
6,029 12.495
11,225 83,196
20,494 45,308
10 87
10 59
202 349
190 1,144
8 54
1,160 4,413
21,912 90,697
2,547 9,177
54 100
782 2,429
779 2,013
127 973
48 525
106 1,033
281 1,049
Pitts- St. S. Fran- Wash.,
burgh. Louis. Cisco. D. C.
1.741 2,256 5,701 1,052
197 351 6,914 270
124 141 291 243
110 441 3,119 176
9,528 5,226 9,821 2,63&
70 46 1,846 21
885 1,218 6,252 511
29,438 47,766 24,137 5.179
773 1,312 2,275 342
6,576 8,759 1.247 156
18,873 14,272 23,153 5,347
14,120 7,594 16,919 2,761
27 43 4,191 44
17 180 1,792 26
109 422 500 64
117 204 3,769 149
2 14 593 2
1,521 1,055 1 583 41
26,391 15,481 4,643 3,393
3,283 1,313 3,669 705
23 227 1,177 51
1,355 1,129 6,970 359
1,007 2,653 2,587 281
452 730 320 139
79 838 402 41
2,159 197 402 87
290 406 3.302 206
China 92 219 3936
Cubaf ••• • 24 468 16 415
Denmark . 2 030 117 7 997
England 2,799 1,356 78,483
Finland 875 34 7410
France . 293 3 671 18 293
Germany 8,650 6122 278137
Greece 463 175 8 038
Hungary ... 1 176 90 76 627
Ireland • 2 867 2 996 252 672
Italy 653 8066 340770
Japan 33 20 957
Mexico • 14 289 426
Netherlands 209 43 4193
Norwav 16402 181 22 281
Portugal 36 431
Roumania 1,412 93 33,586
Russia » 5,654 1254 484193
Scotland . 1 060 257 23 123
Spain 21 453 3359
Sweden .. 26,478 160 34952
Switzerland ... • 299 247 10 452
Turkey (Asia) 219 192 6,160
\Vales 213 20 1*779
All other 187 499 6.626
Total 86,099 28,333 1,944,357
111,007 384,707
140,924 126,223 142.298 24,902
ITANTS (1910). fScandi-
Ireland. Italy, navia. ^Russia.
4,545 2,205 188 2",460
302 95 102 1.342
309 1,360 183 592
5,085 5.022 2,200 4,142
10,637 1,545 2,131 3,735
1,809 1,619 168 1,534
976 356 80 1,527
3,965 2,664 6,029 5,627
5,194 1,025 189 2,182
871 319 1,366 3,622
3,255 658 436 1,255
3,267 2,579 2,666 3,431
2,700 654 137 2,014
9,983 259 ' 772 1.886
803 1,140 205 956
572 91 46 596
9,004 13,159 1,919 8,049
4.160 3,800 4,794 1,118
1,849 2.361 6,860 2,614
4,971 9,317 243 6,867
2,267 2,557 8,723 4,892
15,801 17,305 4,058 7,518
405 511 67 829
5.230 10,638 607 7,187
4,184 1,995 16,810 4,432
5,302 3,549 142 8,571
3,177 3,547 17,749 3,877
1,021 1,545 5,786 877
4.877 4,756 200 5.278
1,971 270 323 3.345
10,535 2,889 8,599 10,213
Denmark. ^Includes Finland.
FOREIGN BORN IN CITIES OF 100,000 T
C4ty. Total. Austria.Canada.*England.<
Albany, N. Y... 18,218 586 959 1,682
Atlanta. Ga.... 4,501 113 256 595
Birming'm.Ala. 5,730 134 239 1,343
Bridgep't.Conn. 36,264 3,858 1,277 3,901
Camb'ge.Mass.. 35,328 156 10,172 2.851
Columbus, O 16,363 818 696 1,335
Dayton, 0 13,892 660 407 620
Denver, Col 39,749 1,698 3,492 5,920
FallRlver.Mass. 50,958 2,614 16.260 11.964
G.Rapids.Mich.. 28,387 549 3,221 1,148
Indianap's.Ind.. 19,842 1,227 848 1,628
Kansasdty.Mo. 25,466 571 1,760 2,927
Louisville, Ky.. 17,473 316 371 938
Lowell, Mass... 43,494 1,948 16,342 5,751
Memphis, Tenn. 6,520 261 337 691
Nashville, Tenn. 3,017 91 135 366
N.Haven.Conn.. 42,989 1,109 1,335 2,663
Oakland. Cal... 40.846 1.267 3,150 5,304
Omaha, Neb 27,179 3,414 1,218 1,989
Paterson, N. J. 45,485 883 487 7,791
Portland. Ore.. 50,312 2,548 5,211 5,363
Providence.R.I. 76.999 1,574 8,835 12,676
Richmond, Va.. 4,136 118 122 652
Rochester, N.Y. 59.076 1,688 9,718 5,979
St. Paul, Minn.. 56,657 3,900 4,435 2,879
Scranton, Pa... 35,122 3.184 301 7.716
Seattle, Wash.. 67,456 2,025 10,708 8.553
Spokane, Wash. 21.820 712 4,450 2,898
Syracuse NY 30 848 1 265 3 257 2 942
0 250,000 INHAB
3ermany . Hungary.
4,620 67
729 92
706 78
2,811 6.975
728 102
8,722 970
5,817 2,761
6,636 465
234 3
4,546 209
7,518 852
5.354 332
8.471 441
205 24
1,429 71
554 177
4,115 473
5,546 248
4,861 554
5,741 483
7.490 584
2,076 126
892 36
14,624 415
14,025 1,989
4,325 1,214
6,176 345
2.755 126
6,903 212
15,308 2,927
580 20
vay, Sweden and
Toledo, 0 32,144 879 3,180 2,052
Worces'r.Mass.. 48,597 362 8,415 4,012
•Includes Scotland and Wales. tComprises Non
PERCENTAGES OF NATIVE A?
Born Born in For-
Total in other eign
State. population, state, states, born.
Alabama 2 138 093 86 9 12 0 09
JD FOREIGN BORN (1910). Born Born in For-
Total in other eign
State. population, state, states, born.
Maine 742.371 78.0 fi.7 14.9
Maryland
Massachusetts ..
.... 1.295,346 79.2 12.5 8.1
3,366,416 55.3 12.9 . 31.5
Arizona .. 204,354 38.6 36.6 23 9
Arkansas . 1 574 449 67 1 31 4 11
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
.... 2,810,173 62.7 15.5 21.3
.... 2,075,708 54.0 19.4 26.2
1 797 114 87 0 12 2 05
California 2,377,549 38.0 36.3 24.7
Colorado 799 024 29 2 53 8 16 9
Connecticut 1,114,756 54.5 15.7 29.6
Delaware 202 322 67 8 23 4 86
Missouri
3,293,335 67.5 250 7.0
Montana ...
376 053 26 4 47 3 25 2
District of Columbia 331,069 42.1 49.7 7.5
Florida 759 619 61 5 32 5 54
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina..
North Dakota...
Ohio
Oklahoma
.... 1,192,214 50.0 34.7 14.8
81,875 26.4 48.5 24.1
430.572 57.7 19.2 22.5
.... 2.537.167 53.0 20.7 26.0
.... 327,301 56.4 36.0 7.1
.... 9.113.614 62.0 7.5 30.3
.... 2,206,237 94.7 4.9 0.3
.... 577,056 34.3 37.6 27.1
.... 4,767,121 74.4 12.7 12.6
.. 1,657.155 31.1 65.9 2.4
Georgia 2,609121 90.6 8.5 0.1
Idaho .. 325594 277 584 13.1
Illinois 5 638 591 60 4 17 7 21.4
Indiana 2,700,876 75.2 18.6 5.9
Iowa . 2 2<>4 771 63 7 23 6 12.3
Kansas 1 690 949 48 7 42 8 80
Kentucky 2,289,905 88.7 9.4 1.8
Louisiana .. .. 1.656.388 84.9 11.5 3.2
210
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
State.
Oregon
Total
Population.
672 765
Born Born in For-
in other eign
state, states, born.
33.5 49.0 \6.8
73.6 7.4 18.8
49.2 17.5 33.0
94.4 5.1 0.4
38.6 43.6 17.3
85.7 13.1 0.9
70.1 23.3 6.2
65.1 16.2 17.6
70.4 14.7 14.0
89.4 9.2 1.3
23.0 53.3 22.4
76.2 18.8 4.7
Born Born in For-
Total in other eign
State. Population, state, states, born.
7 665 111
Wyoming 145,965 21.8 57.7 19.9
United States 91,972,266 66.5 18.4 14.7
NOTE— The total population includes persons
born in the United States, state of birth not re-
ported, persons born in outlying possessions o»
at sea under the United States nag, and Ameri-
can citizens born abroad. Their combined num-
ber was only 360,961. or 0.4 per cent of the total
population.
Rhode Island
542,610
South Carolina...
South Dakota
1,515,400
683 888
Tennessee
2,184,789
Texas
.. 3,896 542
Utah . .
373 351
255 956
Virginia
2,061,612
Washington . .
1 141 990
West Virginia...,
.. 1.221.119
MOTHER TONGUE OF FOREIGN WHITE STOCK (1910).
In the following tables, prepared by the federal
census bureau, the foreign white stock referred
to is the aggregate white population of the
United States which is foreign either by birth
or by parentage. It embraces all foreign born
whites and all native whites having one or both
parents foreign born. It must be remembered
that the foreign stock as here denned only in-
cludes the first and second generations— immi-
grants and native children of immigrants — and
does not include the grandchildren or great-
grandchildren of immigrants. In other words,
the figures do not include the exact relative im-
portance of the several ethnic stocks in the
total population.
The eight major mother-tongue stocks in the
United States, arranged in the order of their
importance, are shown in the following table:
Mother tongue.
Number. tPer cent.
English and Celtic* 10.037,420 31.1
German 8,817,271 27.3
Italian 2,151,422 6.7
?olish 1,707,640 5.3
iddish and Hebrew 1,676,762 6.2
Swedish 1,445.869 4.5
French 1,357,169 4.1
Norwegian 1,009,854 3.1
Total eight mother tongues... 28,203, 407 87.5
Other mother tongues 4,039,975 12.5
All mother tongues 32,243,382 loolo
*Includes persons reporting Irish, Scotch or
Welsh. fPer cent of distribution.
English-Celtic...
German
Italian
Polish
Yiddish-Hebrew.
Swedish
French
Norwegian
Diagram showing foreign white stock in the
United States in 1910, by principal native or
mother tongues.
FOREIGN STOCK IN DETAIL.
Foreign
Native i
Mother tongue.
Total.
born.
born.
English and Celtic..
..10,037,420
3,363,792
6,673,628
Germanic
.. 9,187,007
2,910,857
6,276,150
German
.. 8,817,271
2,759,032
6,058,239
Dutch
.. 324,930
126,045
198,885
Flemish
44.806
25.780
10.026
Scandinavian
.. 2,902,196
1,272,150
1,630.046
Swedish
Norwegian
.. 1,445,869
.. 1,009,854
683,218
402,587
762,651
607,267
Danish
.. 446,473
186,345
260,128
Latin and Greek
.. 4,279,560
2,385,388
1,894,172
Italian
.. 2,151,422
1,365,110
786,312
French
.. 1,357,169
528,842
828,327
Spanish
Portuguese
.. 448.198
.. 141,268
258,131
72,649
190,067
68.619
Roumanian
51,124
42,277
8,847
Greek
. . 130,379
118,379
12,000
Slavic and Lettish..
.. 3.240.467
1.831.666
1,408.801
Polish
.. 1,707,640
943,781
763,859
Bohemian
.. 539,392
228,738
310,654
Slovak
.. 284,444
166.474
117,970
Russian •
95,137
57,926
37,211
Ruthenian
35,359
25,131
10.228
.. 183,431
123,631
59.800
Mother tongue. Total.
Croatian 93,036
Dalmatian 5,505
Serbian 26,752
Montenegrin 3,961
Bulgarian 19,380
Slavic, other 35,195
Lithuanian 211,235
Yiddish and Hebrew.. 1,676,762
Magyar 320,893
Finnish 200,688
Armenian 30,021
Syrian and Arabic.... 46,727
Turkish 5,441
Albanian 2,366
All other 790
Unknown 313,044
Foreign
born.
Native
born.
74,036
19,000
4,344
1.161
23,403
3.349
3,886
75
18,341
1,039
21,012
14.183
140.963
70,272
1,051,767
624.995
229.094
91,799
120,086
80,602
23,938
6,083
32,868
13.859
4,709
732
2.312
54
646
144
116,272
196,772
All mother tongues. 32,243,382 13,345,545 18,897.837
NOTE— In the above table Celtic includes Irish,
Scotch and Welsh; Dutch includes Frisian; Bo-
hemian includes Moravian; Lithuanian includes
Lettish.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
211
URBAN AND RUI
The census bureau classifies as urban popula-
tion that residing in cities and other incorpo-
rated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more. The
proportion of the total population of continental
United States living in urban and rural territory
at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 was as follows:
1910. s , 1900. »
Population. Pr.ct. Population. Pr.ct.
Urban 42 623 383 46 3 30 797 185 40 5
IAL POPULATION.
Per cent.
State. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural.
South Dakota 76,673 607215 131 869
Nebraska 310852 881362 26*1 73*9
Kansas 493790 1197*159 29*2 70*8
Delaware 97 085 105*237 4s'o 62*0
Maryland 658*192 637*154 5o!s 49."2
Dist. of Columbia.. 331,069 . 100 0
Virginia 476,529 1,585,083 23.1 76*9
Rural 49,348,883 53.7 45,197,390 69.5
West Virginia 228,242 992,877 18.7 81.3
North Carolina 318,474 1,887,813 14.4 85.6
South Carolina 224,832 1,290,568 14.8 85.2
Total 91,972,266 100.0 75,994,575 100.0
In 1890 the per cent of urban population was
36.1 and of the rural 63.9; in 1880 the urban was
29.5 and the rural 70.5.
By geographic divisions the per cent of urban
and rural population in 1910 was as follows:
Division. Total. Urban. Rural.
New England 7.1 12.8 2.2
Kentucky 555*442 1734*463 24*3 75*7
Arkansas 202*681 1*371*768 12*9 87*1
Middle \tlantic ... 21.0 32.2 11.3
East North Central 19.8 22.6 17.5
Texas 938*104 2*958*438 24*1 75°9
West North Central 12.7 9.1 15.7
South Atlantic 13.3 7.3 18.4
East South Central 9.1 3.7 13.9
West South Central ..96 46 13.8
Utah 172934 200417 4fi i fit 7
By states the urban and rural population in
1910 was as follows : Per cent.
State. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural.
Maine .... 381,443 360,928 51.4 48.6
Oregon 307060 365*705 45*6 64*4
California 1 469*739 907*810 6l's 38*2
United States.... 42,623,383 48,348,883 40 63/7
INCREASE rapTOBANNAND BUBAL
Comparing the rate of growth in urban and
rural communities, it is shown by the census
bureau that during the period between the cen-
sus of 1900 and that of 1910 the increase in urban
population in continental United States was 11.-
013,738, or 34.8 per cent, while the increase in
rural population was 4.963.953. or 11.2 per cent.
There had been an increase in urban population
in every state, while in six states there had
been an actual decrease in rural population.
These states were: New Hampshire. 5.4 per
cent; Vermont, 4.2 per cent; Ohio, 1.3 per cent:
Indiana. 5.1 per cent ; Iowa, 7.2 per cent ; Mis-
souri, 5.1 per cent.
New Hampshire..... 255,099 175,473 59.2 40.8
Vermont 168,943 187,013 47.5 52.5
Massachusetts 3,125,367 241,049 92.8 7.2
Rhode Island 524,654 17,956 96.7 3.3
Connecticut 999,839 114,917 89.7 10.3
New York 7185494 1,928120 78.8 21.2
New Jersey 1 907 210 629 957 75 2 24 8
Pennsylvania 4,630,669 3,034,442 60.4 39.6
Ohio 2 665 143 2,101 978 55.9 44.1
Indiana . 1 143 835 1 557 041 42 4 57 6
Illinois 3,476929 2,161,662 61.7 38.3
Michigan 1327044 1,483129 47.2 52.8
Wisconsin 1 004 320 1 329 540 43 0 57 0
Minnesota 850 294 1 225 414 41 0 59 0
Iowa 680054 1544717 306 694
Missouri 1,398,817 1,894,518 42.5 57.5
North Dakota 63,236 513,820 11.0 89.0
POPULATION OF
BY RECORDER'S DISTRICTS.
District. Population. District. Population.
Aleutian islands.. 1,083 Hot Springs. ...„. 372
ALASKA (1910).
District. Population. District. Population.
Nulato . . 785 St Lawrence island 293
Ophir 564> St Michael 2 255
Otter 1.234 Tanana '430
Cape Nome 3.924 Juneau 6.854
Port Clarence 1.001 Unea peninsula 1.303
Chandalar 368 Kantishna 68
Circle 799 Kayak 623
Cook Inlet 677 Kenai 1.692
sound 210 Wrangell 1.652
Copper Center 553 Ketchikan 3.520
Cordova 1.779 Kodiak 2.44S
Council City 686 Kougarok 308
Skagway 1.980 Total, 1900 63,593
BY TOWNS.
Cordova . ... 1 152 I Nome 2,600
Eagle F>4- Kuskokwim 2 71 1
Fairbanks .....7,675 Koyukuk 455
Douglas 1 722 Treadwell 1,222
Fairhaven 643 Mount McKinlev 23°
Fairbanks . 3541 Valdez 810
Fort Gibbon 8T8 JVabesna 103
Juneau 1644 Wrangell 743
Fortymlle 341 Noatak-Kob'uk 2.262
POPULATION O
1910. 1899.
Territory of Porto Rico 1 118 012 9r>3 421
Ketchikan 1,613
F PORTO RICO.
1910. 1899.
Caguas city 10354 6450
San Juan city 48 716 32 048
Arecibo city ... 9 612 8 008
Ponce city 35*097 27*952
Guavama city 8321 6334
Mavaguez citv . . 16 591 15 187
HAWAH (1910).
Population.
Total, 1900 154.001
POPULATION OF
County. Population.
Hawaii 5n 382
Honolulu 82 028
Per cent increase 24 <
Kalawao 785
CITIES,
criifi £ 74*;
Kauai 23952
Maul 29.762
Total. 1910..., ...191.909
Honolulu . 52,183
212
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
POPULATION OF THE WORLD.
[Based upon Statesman's Year- Book for 0.919 and publications of the bureau of the census ]
BY GRAND DIVISIONS. Portugal (1911)... 5 957 PKfi
Africa ...138.217.263 w '" """*
Asia '.'.' 820,491,160
Europe' '.'.'.'.'.'.' 460,074.291
North America 144.944,384
Oceania 65,432,223
South America 59.777,029
Total 1,688,936.350
AFRICA.
Abyssinia (est. 1918) 8,000,000
British colonies, etc. (1918) 52,261,000
SSS,^Sa.(1(9i*>m8j::::::: "if:?!!
SSaA£SSi,(tSSit.19i19!iy.v-.v. ii:8~~:iS8
K^«r.v::::::.v.v::::::: 1:J88:888
tSSS&SfflKzzz 7iiit:78«
RouiSania 7f 91 2 >'
.
San Marino (1916) ................ l 648
Serbia (1914) ................ . 4615567
Spain (1917) ............ ............. 20842903
Sweden (1917) ................ 5800847
Switzerland (1916) ......... I!.". "I 3.937.000
Turkey (1914) ....................... 1.891000
United kingdom (1917)
460.074.291
•Includes all of former empire of Austria-
Total 138,217,263
* Before the war.
ASIA.
Afghanistan (est. 1918)..: 6,380.500
Bhutan (1918) 250.000
British colonies, etc. (1918) 9.305.000
China (1914) 320,650,000
French colonies (1913) 17,268.728
India, British (1914) 315,156,000
Japan (1917) 77,266.793
Kiaochow (1913) 168,900
Nepal (1918) 5.600,000
Oman (1918) 500,000
Persia (1916) 9,500,000
Portuguese Asia (1918) 1,001.153
Russia in Asia (1915) 29,141.500
Siam (1916) 8.819.686
Turkey in Asia (1912) 19.382,900
Total 820,491.160
OCEANIA.
Australian Federation (1917) 4.981.000
Borneo and Sarawak, British
(1917) 840,000
Dutch East Indies (1917) 47.000,000
Fiji islands (1915) 166,000
Guam (1916) 14.142
Hawaii (1918) 223,000
New Caledonia* (1914) 81.200
New Guinea. Germant (1913) 634.579
New Zealand (1917) 1,170.000
Papua (1914) 200.000
Philippine islands (1918) 9,009.8,02
Samoa (1916) 7.5OO
Solomon islands* (1914) 205.000
Total 65,432,223
"Including other French dependencies, tin-
eluding1 Samoan And other former German
islands in the Pacific. ^Including Gilbert and
Tonga islands.
EUROPE.
Albania (1914) 1,000,000
Andorra (1913) 5.231
Austria-Hungary* (1910) 51. 215. 727
Belgium (1912) 7,571,387
Bulgaria (1914) 5.517,700
Denmark (1916) 2^940.979
France (1911) 39.602,258
Germany (1914) 67.812.000
Greece (1914) 4,821,300
Iceland (1918) 92,000
Italy (1916) 36,546,437
Luxemburg- (1910) 259.891
Monaco (1913) 22.956
Montenegro (1917) 436.789
Netherlands (19(17) 6.724.662
Norway (1918) 2,632,010
NORTH AMERICA.
Bahamas (1917)... 60 OOO
Bermuda (1917) " !
Canada (1917) 8361000
Costa Rica (190.7).. 454995
Cuba (1916) ....I.": 2627536
Curacao (1917) 57619
French islands (1917) 459083
Greenland (1911).. ...... . 13459
Guatemala (1914) '.'.'. 2,003.579
Haiti (1914) 2500000
Honduras (1916) ...." 613758
Honduras. British (1917).... 43000
Jamaica (1917) 906000
Leeward islands (1917) 128-000
Mexico (1912) 15.501.684:
Newfoundland* (1917) 257000
Nicaragua (1917) 800.000
Panama (1917) 401554
Porto Rico (1918) 1.246.361
Salvador (1917) 1287722
Santo Domingo (1913) 708'000
United Stalest (1919) 106.287:984
Virgin islands of U. S. (1917).... 26.051
Windward islands (1917) 178:000
Total 144,944.384
Including- Labrador. t Including Alaska
(1918).
SOUTH AMERICA.
Argentine Republic (1D14) , 7,885,237
Bolivia (1915) 2,889,970
Brazil (1917) 27.473.579
Chile (1917) , 3870000
Colombia (1912) 5!o71,'l01
Ecuador (1915) . 2000000
Falkland islands (1917) 3.240
Guiana. British (1917) 314000
Guiana, French (1917) 49000
Guiana, Dutch (1918) 92.284
Paraguay (1917) 1,000000
Peru (190,8) 4,600000
Trinidad (1917) 377,000
Uruguay (1917) 1,407,000
Venezuela (1917) 2.844.618
Total 59.777,029
CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION OF THB
UNITED STATES.
Calendar year. *Tons.
Calendar year
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
*Tons.
68,750
1,247,335
4.277.071
10.188.329
13.859.887
20.023.947
23.398.136
23.362.594
14.023.247
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917...
•Tons of 2,240 pounds.
23.955.021
26.094.919
23.676.106
31.251.303
31.300.874
23.513.030
32,151.036
42.773,080
45.060.607
PRODUCTION OF STEEL RAILS IN THE
UNITED STATES.
Tons.
Year.
1913..
914 3.502.780
1915 1.945,095
..3.327.915
.3.502.
Year. Tons.
1916 2.204.203
1917 2.854.518
1918 2.204.203
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
213
AREA OF THE UNITED STAT1
Arranged according t
State. Rank. Gross. Land. Water.*
Texas 1 265 896 262 398 3 498
SS IN SQUARE MILES (1910).
o rank in gross area.
Accession. Area. Accession. Area.
Mexican ces- Guam, 1899 2>0
California 2 158*297 155*652 2,645
sion. 1848 529.180 Samoa, 1900 77
Montana 3 146997 146201 796
Gadsden pur- Panama canal
New Mexico . ..4 122 634 1" 503 131
chase, 1853.... 29.670 zone. 1904 436
Nevada 6 110,690 1091821 869
Total cont'l... 3,026.789 1917 140
Colorado 7 103,948 103,658 290
Wyoming . 8 97 914 97 594 3l/>0
Alaska. 1867 590.884
Hawaii, 1898.... 6.449 Total outlying 716,657
Oregon 9 96*699 95*607 1 092
Philippines. 1899 115.02S Grand total Unit-
Utah 10 84*990 82*184 2*806
Porto Rico. 1899 3.435 ed States 3.743,446
Minnesota .. .. 11 84*682 80*858 3*824
Idaho .... 12 83 888 83*354 *534
POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE.
Kansas 13 82*158 81*774 384
South Dakota 14 77*615 76!s68 747
Alabama 41 7 35 7 29 5 24 6
Nebraska 15 77,520 76,808 712
Arizona 18 11 08 04
North Dakota 16 70,837 70,183 654
Arkansas 30.0 25.0 21.5 15.3
Oklahoma 17 70,057 69,414 643
California 15.3 9.5 7.8 5.5
Missouri 18 69,420 68,727 693
Colorado 77 52 40 19
Washington 19 69,127 66,836 2,291
Connecticut 231 3 188 5 154 8 129 2
Georgia 20 59 265 58 725 540
Delaware 103 0 94 0 85 7 74 6
Florida 21 68666 54861 3805
District of Columbia 5517 8 4645 3 3972 3 3062 5
Michigan 22 57,980 57,480 500
Florida 13 7 96 71 49
Illinois 23 56,665 56,043 622
Georgia 44 4 37 7 31 3 26 3
Iowa 24 56147 55586 561
Idaho 39 19 11 04
Wisconsin 25 56,066 55,256 810
Illinois 100 6 86 1 68.3 55.0
Arkansas 26 53,335 52,525 810
Indiana 74 9 70 1 61 1 55 1
North Carolina 27 52,426 48,740 3,686
Iowa ... ... 400 40.2 34.4 29.2
Alabama 28 51998 51279 719
Kansas 20 7 18 0 17 5 12 2
New York 29 49,204 47,654 1,550
Kentucky 57 0 53 4 46.3 41.0
Louisiana 30 48506 45409 3097
Louisiana 36 5 30 4 24 6 20 7
Mississippi 31 46865 46362 503
Maine 24 8 23 2 22 1 21 7
Pennsylvania 32 45,126 44,832 294
Maryland 130 3 119.5 104.9 94.0
Virginia 33 42,627 40,262 2,365'
Massachusetts 418 8 349 0 278 5 221.8
Tennessee 34 42022 41,687 335
Michigan 48 9 42 1 36 4 28 5
Ohio 35 41040 40740 300
Minnesota 25 7 21 7 16 2 97
Kentucky 36 40,598 40,181 417
Mississippi 38 8 33 5 27.8 24.4
Indiana 37 36354 36,045 309
Missouri 47 9 45 2 39 0 31.6
Maine 38 33040 29895 3,145
Montana 26 17 10 03
South Carolina 39 30,989 30,495 494
Nebraska 15 5 13.9 13-8 6.9
West Virginia 40 24,170 24022 148
Nevada 07 04 04 0.6
Maryland 41 12,327 9941 2,386
New Hampshire 47 7 45 6 41 7 38.4
Vermont 42 9564 9124 440
New Jersey 337 7 250 7 192 3 150 5
New Hampshire 43 9,341 9,031 310
New Mexico 27 16 1.3 1.0
Massachusetts 44 8,266 8,039 227
New York 191 2 152 5 126 0 106.7
New Jersey 45 8,224 7,514 710
North Carolina 45 3 38.9 32.2 28.7
Connecticut 46 4,965 4,820 145
North Dakota 8 2 4.6 2.7 *
Delaware 47 2,370 1,965 405
Ohio " 117 0 102 1 90.1 78.5
Rhode Island 48 1,248 1,067 180
Oklahoma 23.9 tH-4 t3.7 $
District of Columbia.49 70 60 10
Oregon 7.0 4.3 3.3 1.8
Pennsylvania 171 0 140 6 117 3 95 5
Total 3,026,789 2,973,890 52,899
*Does not include water surface of oceans, the
Rhode Island 508.5 401.6 328.8 259.2
South Carolina 49.7 44.0 37.7 32.6
Gulf of Mexico or the great lakes lying within
South Dakota . ..'.... 76 5.2 4.6 *
the Jurisdiction of the United States.
Tennessee 52 4 48.5 42.4 37.0
Texas 14-8 11.6 8.5 6.1
AREA (SQUARE MILES) BY CENSUS YEARS.
Utah 4.5 3.4 2.6 1.8
Vermont 39 0 37.7 36.4 36.4
Virginia 51 2 46.1 41.1 37.6
1910 3.026,789 2,973,890 52,899
1900 3,026,789 2,974,159 52,630
Washington 17.1 7.8 5.8 1.1
West Virginia 60.8 39.9 31.8 25.7
1890... .. 3,026.789 2,973,965 52,824
1880 3,026.789 2.973,965 52,824
1870 3,QW,n9 2,973,965 52,824
Wyoming 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.2
United States 30.9 25.6 21.2 16.9
1850 i 2 997 119 2 944 337 52 789
Alaska with a gross area of 690 884 square
1840 . 1 792 223 1 753 588 38 633
1830. 1,792.223 1,753,588 38,635
Hawaii 6 449 square miles, 29.8 per square mile.
1820 1792223 1,753,588 38,635
and Porto Rico, 3,435 square miles, 325.5 per
1810 1,720,122 1,685,865 34.257
J800 . 892 135 867 980 24 155
square mile.
NOTE — The density of population is obtained bv
dividing the population of each state and of con-
The water area does not include the surface
of the oceans, the Gulf of Mexico or the great
lakes lying within the jurisdiction of the United
States.
INCREASE IN AREA OF THE UNITED
. STATES.
Gross area in square miles.
Accession. Area. Accession. Area
Area in 1790 892.135 Treaty with
tinental United States by its total land area in
square miles at each census.
•North Dakota territorv. 0.9. tOklahoma and
Indian Territory combined. JLess than one-tenth.
POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE.
Continental United States. persq.
Tear ' Population. Land area. mile.
1910 ' 91,972.266 *2,973.890 30.9
1900 75,994,575 2,974.159 25.6
Florida. 1819.... B8.6SS Oreson. 1846 286.541
1890 .. 62,947,714 2,973,965 21.2
214
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Persq.
Year. Population. Land area. mile.
1880 60,155783 2973965 169
State and div. Acres.
New \ork 31
State and div. Acres.
Georgia 14.4
New Jersey
1.9
3.7
3.3
5.5
8.5
6.4
13.1
15.2
8.6
24.9
16.0
13.4
77.8
84.3
41.?
31.0
1870 38 558 371 2 973 965 13 0
Pennsylvania
South Atlantic...
Kentucky
14TT
11.2
12.2
15.3
16.5
13.7
21.4
17.5
26.8
43.1
31.3
248.8
163.8
427.9
S3.0
239.5
356.4
140.9
858.4
208.8
37.5
91.0
41.9
48.6
20.7
I860 31 443 321 2 973 965 10 6
Middle Atlantic..
Ohio
1850 23 191 876 2 944 337 7 9
1840 17 069 453 1 753 588 9 7
1S30 12866020 1753588 73
Alabama
Mississippi
1820... 9638453 1753588 55
Indiana .
1810 7 239 881 1 685 865 4 3
Illinois
East South Central
1800 5,308,483 867,980 6.1
Michigan
1790 3,929,214 867.980 4.5
*Net reduction of 269 square miles of land due
to drainage of lakes and swamps in Illinois and
Indiana (201 square miles of land), the building
of the Roosevelt and Laguna reservoirs and the
overflow of the Colorado river into the Salton
sea in California (470 square miles of water sur-
face).
ACRES PER INHABITANT.
Census Continental United States. Perinhab-
year. Population. Acres land, itant.
1910 91 972 266 1 903 289 600 20 7
East North Central
Minnesota
Louisiana . .
Oklahoma
Texas
WestSouthCentral
Montana
Missouri
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
Kansas
New Mexico
WestNorthCentral
Delaware
28.1
6.2
4.9
0.1
12.5
12.6
14.1
12.9
Arizona
Utah
1900 75*994*575 1*903'461*760 25~0
1890 62.947.714 1.903.337.600 30.2
By States and Divisions (1910).
State and div. Acres. State and div. Acres.
Maine 25.8 Rhode Island 1.3
Maryland
Dist. of Columbia,
virginin
Washington
Oregon
New Hampshire 13.4 Connecticut 2.8
Vermont 16 4
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Pacific
Massachusetts 1.5 New England 6.1
Continental U.S..
DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES
In census usage a "dwelling" is any building
in which one or more persons reside. A mere
cabin, or room in a warehouse, occupied by a
single person, is a census dwelling, while, on the
other hand, an apartment house containing many
families constitutes only one dwelling. Only oc-
cupied dwellings are included in the following
tables. The term "family" as used in census
reports means a household or group of persons,
whether related by blood or not, who share a
common abode, usually also sharing the same
table. If one person lives alone he constitutes a
family, while, on the other hand, those who dwell
in a hotel or institution in which many people
live are also treated as forming a single family.
There is, however, no considerable difference be-
tween the average size of all families under the
census usage and the average size of what are
commonly termed families or households in popu-
lar speech. In 1900 the difference for the United
States as a whole was only 0.1 per cent.
At each census from 1850 to 1910 a decrease
was shown in the average number of persons per
dwelling and the average number per family.
The decrease in the average number per dwell-
ing has been due to the decrease in the average
per family, the influence of which has been
partly offset by the increased construction of
tenements and other dwellings containing more
than one family.
In 1910 there were 7,254,242 dwellings and 9,499,-
765 families In urban communities, while there
were 10,551,603 dwellings and 10,755,790 families
in rural communities. For urban communities the
number of persons to a dwelling averaged 5.9
and to a family 4.5; for rural communities the
number of persons to a dwelling averaged 4.7
and to a family 4.6.
BY STATES.
Dwell- *Per- Fam- tPer-
State. ings. sons. ilies. sons.
Alabama 441,249 5.0 454,767 4.7
Arizona 45,386 4.5 47,927 4.3
Arkansas 327,625 4.8 333,368 4.7
California 613,481 4.6 663,636 4.2
Colorado 183,874 4.3 194,467 4.1
Connecticut 181,911 6.1 246,659 4.5
Delaware 43,183 4.7 44,951 4.5
District of Columbia 58,513 5.7 71,339 4.6
Florida 165,818 4.5 171,422 4.4
Georgia 530,631 4.9 653,264 4.7
Idaho 71,830 4.5 73,669 4.4
Illinois 1,006,848 5.6 1,264,717 4.5
THE UNITED STATES (1910).
Dwell- *Per- Fam- fPer-
State. ings.
Indiana 631,554
Iowa 498,943
Kansas 385,672
Kentucky 469,669
Louisiana 331,220
Maine 159,437
Maryland 253,805
Massachusetts 611,926
Michigan 618,222
Minnesota 380,809
Mississippi 376,420
Missouri 677,196
Montana 82,811
Nebraska 258,967
Nevada 23,044
New Hampshire 88,871
New Jersey 407,295
New Mexico 75.888
New York 1,178,686
North Carolina 430,570
North Dakota 118,757
Ohio 1,024,800
Oklahoma 342.488
Oregon 144,832
Pennsylvania 1,507,483
Rhode Island 79,725
South Carolina 302,842
127,739
South Dakota
Tennessee 444,814
Texas 779,177
Utah 72,649
Vermont 77,466
Virginia 400,445
Washington 238,822
West Virginia 239,128
Wisconsin 462,355
Wyoming
4.3
4.5
4.4
4.9
5.0
4.7
5.1
6.6
4.5
5.5
4.8
4.9
4.5
4.6
3.6
4.8
6.2
4.3
7.7
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.8
4.6
5.1
6.8
5.0
4.6
4.9
5.0
5.1
4.6
5.1
4.8
5.1
5.0
4.7
ilies.
654,891
512,516
395,771
494,788
344,144
177,960
274,824
734,013
657,418
416,452
384,724
749,812
265,549
23,677
103,156
558,202
78,883
2,046,845
440,334
120,910
1,138,165
351.167
151,858
1,630,628
117,976
315,204
131,060
462,553
77,339
85,178
419,452
254,692
248,840
499,629
32.092
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.8
4.2
4.7
4.6
4.3
5.0
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.5
3.5
4.2
4.5
4.1
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.2
4.7
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.5
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.2
4.9
4.5
4.9
4.7
4.5
United States 17,805,842 5.2 20,255,555 4.5
In 1900 14,430,145 5.3 16,187,715 4.7
In 1890 11,483,318 5.5 12,690,152 4.9
*Persons to a dwelling. fPersons to a family.
BY PRINCIPAL CITIES.
Dwell- *Per- Fam- |Per-
City. ings. sons. ilies. sons.
Albany, N. Y 15,437 6.5 24,069 4.2
Atlanta, Ga 30,308 5.1 35,813 4.3
Baltimore, Md 101,905 5.5 118,851 4.7
Birmingham, Ala 26,989 4.9 31,050 4.3
Boston, Mass 73,919 9.1 139,700 4.8
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
215
Dwell- *Per- Fam- tPer-
State. ing-s. sons. ilies. sons.
Bridgeport. Conn 14,934 6.8 21,689 4.7
Buffalo, N. Y 62,335 6.8 91,328 4.6
Cambridge Mass 14 577 7.2 22,765 4.6
Dw
State. in£
New York. N. Y 305
Newark, N. J 38
Oakland, Cal 31
ell- *Per- Fam- tPer-
rs. sons. ilies. sons.
698 15.6 1,020,827 4.7
693 9.0 77,039 4.5
740 4.7 36,723 4.1
657 5.2 26,359 4.7
812 7.9 27,978 4.5
220 5.2 327,263 4.7
942 6.1 110,457 4.ff
436 5.5 42,029 4.9
705 7.8 49,129 4.6
205 5.7 26,914 4.7
860 5.6 46,787 4.7
650 6.5 155,555 4.4
,616 6.6 41.548 5.2
025 6.4 86,414 4.8
,143 5.9 26,312 4.9
,559 5.4 51,042 4.6
282 • 5.1 22,676 4.6
200 5.9 31,551 4.4
888 4.7 39,677 4.2
,513 6.7 71,339 4.C
109 9.7 30,743 4.7
. t Persons to a family.
, 1910.
Born In — No.
France . 402
Chicago, 111 246,744 8.9 473,141 4.«
Cincinnati O 49 525 7 3 87 541 4.2
Omaha, Neb 23
Paterson, N. J 15
Cleveland O ... 90,465 6.2 124,822 4.5
Philadelphia, Pa 295
Columbus O 39 580 4.6 42.645 4.3
Pittsburgh, Pa 86
Davton 6. .... 26,692 4.4 28,370 4.1
Portland, Ore 37
Providence, R. I .. 28
Denver.' Col 44,736 4.8 51,339 4.2
Detroit Mich 83,124 5.6 100,356 4.6
Fall River. Mass 10.962 10.9 24,378 4.9
Grand Rapids, Mich... 23,432 4.8 26,925 4.2
Indianapolis, Ind 53,359 4.3 58,645 4.0
Jersev City, N. J 27,805 9.6 56,790 4.7
Los Angeles. Cal 69,061 4.6 78,678 4.1
Louisville. Ky 41,686 5.4 52,155 4.3
I owell Mass . 15,056 7.1 21,932 4.8
Richmond Va 22
Rochester NY 38
St Louis, Mo 105
St Paul Minn. 32
San Francisco, Cal.... 65
Scranton, Pa 22
Seattle, Wash 43
Spokane, Wash 20
Syracuse, N. Y 23
Toledo 0 35
Memphis, Tenn 26,710 4.9 31,154 4.2
Milwaukee, Wis 60,724 6.2 80,566 4.R
Minneapolis, Minn .... 46,903 6.4 63,241 4.g
Nashville. Tenn 22,118 5.0 26,077 4.2
New Haven. Conn 17,466 7.6 29.271 4.6
New Orleans La 67,192 5.0 73,377 4.6
Washington, D. C.. ..58
Worcester, Mass 15
•Persons to a dwelling
ALMSHOUSES JAN. 1
census report.]
Born in— No.
Russia 431
PAUPERS ENUMERATED IN
[United States
State. Total. Male.Female
Alabama . 739 365 374
Arizona . 271 247 24
Scandinavia 1.891
Scotland 817
Germany 5 531
Arkansas 534 284 250
Ireland 11 90(>
California ... . 4,646 3.952 694
Switzerland 513
Other countries. . 623
Admitted in 1910.
Austria-Hungary . 1.666
Canada (English) . 1.837
Canada (French). . 505
England and Wales 2,945
Of the foreign -born
almshouses in 1910 26,470
States twenty-six years
three had been in the co
PAUPERS BY C<
White— Total 77,734
Male 53,149
Female 24.585
Italy ... i 139
Colorado 510 434 76
Poland . .. 979
Connecticut 2,244 1,571 673
Russia 1 315
Delaware 366 227 139
Scandinavia 1.947
Scotland 995
District of Columbia 276 163 113
Florida 207' 161 46
Switzerland 430
Other countries... 1.755
paupers enumerated In
had lived in the United
or more. Only thirty-
untry less than one year.
)LOR AND SEX
Male 3.763
Georgia 813 351 462
Idaho 97 85 12
Illinois 5 421 4 021 1.400
Indiana 3 114 2 1'2 992
Icwa 1 779 1 198 581
Kansas 735 502 233
Kentucky 1,522 871 651
Louisiana 187 112 75
Maine 945 529 416
Maryland 1 681 1 149 532
Massachusetts 6 555 4 418 2 137
Female 2.518
Michigan* 2,970 2,157 813
Indian 74
Minnesota 687 550 137
Mississippi 436 182 254
White Paupers by Na
Native— Total ....44,254
tivitv and Parentage.
Male 7 512
Missouri 2,388 1,533 855
Montana 415 383 32
Nebraska .. 551 449 102
Female 2.565
Par'tage unknown 1,719
Foreign born -33,125
Male 24.605
Tt'omoln fi ^9ft
Nevada 159 145 14
New Hampshire 991 557 434
Native parentage. 32.458
New Jersey 2,135 1,407 728
New York! 12,031 8,035 3,996
North Carolina 1,389 596 793
Foreign parentage. 10.077 Nativity unknown 355
Paupers Admitted to Almshouses in 1910.
Total 88,313 1 Negro 6.807
Male 67.195 Male 4.612
North Dakota 81 59 22
Ohio 8,078 5,638 2.440
Oklahoma 48 39 9
Oregon 352 328 24
Pennsvlvania 9 606 6 623 2 983
Rhode Island 768 401 367
South Carolina 478 219 259
South Dakota 145 109 36
Female 21.118
White 81,185
Male 62,262,
Female 18.873
DEFECTIVE PAUPEI
Enumerated Jan. 1 ,1910
Total number 53.619
Male 34.650
Female 2.195
Indian 130
Other colored 241
IS IN ALMSHOUSES.
Admitted in 1910.
Total number 32,519
Male 24.098
Tennessee •• 1,569 776 793
Texas 861 560 301
Utah .. 181 121 60
Vermont 383 222 161
Virginia •• • 1,688 883 805
Washington 564 493 71
West Virginia 808 462 346
Wisconsin 1,775 1,343 432
Wvoming 19 17
Female 18.9P9
Female 8.421
Insane 1,681
United States 84,198 57.049 27.149
Feeble-minded ... 9.813
Epileptic 1,289
Feeble-minded ... 3,601
FOREIGN-BORN PAUPERS IN ALMSHOUSES.
EnumeratedJan.1,1910 Born in— No.
Deaf mute 540
Blind 2.427
Epileptic 646
Deaf mute :
Crippled 10.823
Old and infirm.. ..14.066
Bedridden 1.591
Crippled 9.033
Old and infirm ... 9.772
Bedridden 4.960
Two or more de-
faota .. 1.839
Canada' (English).. 1.300 Ireland 14,177
Canada (French)... 528 Italy -
Paralytic 3.402
Two or more de-
England and Wales 2.922 Poland 613 i lee-is «.°*.
-216
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
AGE OF PAUPEB
Enumerated Jan. 1, 1910.
Under 5 years. . 1.186 50 to 54 years 7.113
5 to 14 years.. . 1.184 55 to 59 years 8.312
15 to 24 years.. 2.514 60 to 64 years 10.089
25 to 29 years.. 2,058 65 to 69 years 10.357
30 to 34 years.. 2.396 70 to 74 years 9.743
35 to 39 years.. 3.337 75 to 79 years 7.720
40 to 44 years.. 4.203 80 or more years.. 8.123
-45 to 49 years.. 5.188 Age unknown 675
ILLITERACY IN THE 1
The following statistics, except where other-
wise specified, relate only to persons 10 years of
age or over. The bureau of the census classifies
as illiterate all persons 10 years of age or over
who are unable to write, regardless of their
-ability to read.
PERCENTAGE OP ILLITERACY.
The following table shows the total population
10 years of age and over and the number and
percentage of illiterate by color or race, nativity
and parentage:
Class. Population. Illiterate. Pet.
TVhite ...63,933.870 3,184,633 5.0
S IN ALMSHOUSES.
Admitted in 1910.
Under 5 years 3.459 SO to 54 years 7.953
5 to 14 years 2.651 55 to 59 years 7.691
15 to 24 years 7.350 60 to 64 years 8.484
25 to 29 years 4,835 65 to 69 years 7.44«
35 to 39 years 5,656 75 to 79 years 3,986
40 to 44 years 5.883 80 years or more.. 3.365
45 to 49 years 6.579 Age unknown 1.923
JNITED STATES (1910).
ILLITERATES BY STATES.
, 1910. „ 1900. x
State. Number. Pet. Number. Pet.
\labama 352 710 22 9 443 590 34 0
Arizona 32,953 20.9 27,304 29.0
Arkansas 142 954 12 6 190 655 20 4
California 74,902 3.7 58,959 4.8
Colorado 23780 37 17779 42
Connecticut 53,665 6.0 42,973 5.9
Delaware 13.240 8.1 17,531 12.0
District of Columbia 13,812 4.9 20.028 8.6
Florida . . 77 816 13 8 84 '85 21 9
Georgia 389 775 20 7 480 420 30 5
Idaho 5 453 22 5 505 4u6
Native . ...50,989,341 1,534,272 3.0
Native parentage.... 37, 081,278 1,378,884 3.7
Foreign or mixed par-
entage 13,908,063 155.388 1.1
Illinois 168 294 3 7 157 958 4 2
Indiana 66213 31 90539 46
Iowa . 29889 17 40172 23
Foreign born 12,944,529 1,650,361 12.7
Hegro 7,317,922 2,227,731 30.4
Indian 188,758 85,445 45.3
-Chinese 68 924 10,891 15.8
Maryland 73,397 7.2 101,947 11.1
Japanese .. 67,661 6,213 9.2
All other 3,135 1,250 39.9
Michigan 74,800 3.3 80,482 4.2
United States 71,580,270 5,516,163 7.7
Minnesota 49,336 3.0 52,946 4.1
Mississippi 290 235 22 4 *51 461 32 0
The corresponding percentages of illiterates at
three previous censuses were: 1880, 17.0; 1890,
13.3; 1900, 10.7.
ILLITERACY BY SEX.
f Male. x , Female. N
Class. Illiterate. Pet. Illiterate. Pet.
White 1,662,505 5.0 1,522,128 4.9
Missouri 111,116 4.3 152.844 6.4
Montana 14457 48 11 C75 61
Nebraska . . 18 009 19 17 997 23
Nevada 4,702 6.7 4,645 13.3
New Hampshire 16,386 4.6 21.075 6.2
New Jersey 113,502 5.6 86.658 5.9
New Mexico 48,697 20.2 46,971 33.2
Native 796.055 3.1 738,217 2.9
Native parentage 715,926 3.8 662,958 3.7
Foreign or mixed
parentage 80,129 1.2 75,259 1.1
Foreign born 866,450 11.8 783.911 13.3
Negro I 096 000 30 1 1 131 731 30 7
North Carolina 291,497 18.5 386,251 28.7
North, Dakota 13,070 3.1 12.719 5.6
Ohio 124 774 3 2 131 541 4 0
Oklahoma 67,567 5.6 67,826 12.1
Oregon 10,504 1.9 10,686 3.3
Indian 40,104 41.5 45,341 49.2
Chinese .. 9 849 15 0 1 042 30 2
Pennsylvania 354,290 5.9 299,376 6.1
Rhode Island 33,854 7.7 29,004 8.4
South Carolina 276,980 25.7 338,659 35.9
South Dakota 12,750 2.9 14,832 5.0
Tennessee ?21.071 13.6 306,930 20.7
Texas . . . 282 904 9 9 314 018 14 5
Japanese 5,247 8.6 966 14.1
All other 1 245 40 5 5
United States.... 2,814,950 7.6 2,701,213 7.8
URBAN AND RURAL ILLITERACY.
(Per Cent.)
Class. Total. Urban. Rural.
"White » 50 42 58
Utah 6,821 2.5 6.141 3.1
Vermont 10806 37 16247 58
Virginia 232,911 15.2 312,120 22.9
Washington 18.416 2.0 12,740 3.1
West Virginia 74,866 8.3 80.103 11.4
Wisconsin 57 769 32 73 779 4 7
Native 30 0.8 4.8
Wyoming 3 874 33 2 878 40
Native parentage. 37 09 54
United States 5,516,163 7.7 6,180,069 10.7
ILLITERATES BY CITIES.
Cities of 100.000 or more population In 1910.
, 1910. ^ 1900. x
City. Number. Pet. Number. Pet.
Albany, N Y 2,762 32 2181 2.8
For. or mixed parentage.. 1.1 0.7 1.9
Foreign born • 12 7 12 6 13 2
Negro .,...304 176 36.1
All other 316 110 401
PERCENTAGE ILLITERATES BY SECTIONS.
Section. 1910. 1900.
New England 53 60
Atlanta Ga .. 10 813 86 11 406 15 8
Middle Atlantic 5.7 5.8
East North Central 3.4 4.3
West North Central ... 29 41
Baltimore, Md 20,325 4.4 29.148 7.2
Birmingham. Ala.... 11,026 10.4 5.986 19.1
Boston, Mass 24,468 4.4 23.320 54
Bridgeport, Conn 4,440 5.4 2.999 5.3
Buffalo. N. Y 12,745 3.7 13,152 4.8
Cambridge. Mass 2.540 3.0 3,388 4.6
Chicago 111 .. .. 79911 45 51142 39
South Atlantic . 16 0 23 9
Fast South Central 17 4 24 9
West South Central 13.2 20.5
Mountain 69 96
Pacific ... 30 42
Cincinnati, 0 9,576 3.1 8,848 3.4
Cleveland, 0 20.676 4.6 14,091 4.7
Columbus. 0 4.442 2.9 3.290 3.2
Davton, 0 2,224 2.3 1,797 2.6
Denver Col .... 3841 2.1 1979 IS
Northern states 43 50
Southern states ;-.6 23.3
"Western sta tes 44 63
United States... .. 7.7 10.7
Detroit. Mich.... 18.731 5.0 9.062 4.1
ALMAJXAU AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
217
, 1910. „ 1900. ,
State. Number. Pet. Number. Pet.
Fall River. Mass.... 12,276 13.2 12,110 14.9
Grand Rapids, Mich 2,271 2.5 2,136 3.1
Indianapolis, Ind.. 6,874 3.0 6,004 4.3
Jersey Citv, N. J. 11,797 5.6 7,171 4.5
Kansas City, Mo.. 4,937 2.3 6,258 3.9
Los Angeles, Cal.. 6,258 1.9 1,956 2.3
Louisville, Ky.... 9,866 5.3 14,567 8.8
Lowell, Mass 5,172 6.0 6,843 8.8
Memphis, Tenn... 8,855 8.0 14,989 18.3
Milwaukee, Wis... 10,765 3.6 8,243 3.8
Minneapolis, Minn 6,139 2.4 2.977 1.8
Nashville, Tenn... 7,947 8.8 9,460 14.4
New Haven. Conn. 7,502 7.0 4,875 5.6
New Orleans. La. . 18,987 6.9 30,820 13.6
New York, N. Y.. 254,208 6.7 181,835 6.8
Newark, N. J 16.553 6.0 11,715 6.1
Oakland Cal . 3,863 3.0 1,614 2.9 1
, is
City. Numb
Patergon, N. J.. .... 6,J
Philadelphia, Pa 57,
Pittsburgh, Pa 26
10. ^ 1900. ,
er. Pet. Number. Pet.
27 6.9 5,191 6.3
TOO 4.6 45,546 4.4
327 6.2 20,402 6.8
145 1.2 3,925 5.1
J36 7.7 10.029 7.9
341 8.2 9.501 13.7
>16 3.8 3,499 2.7
123 3.7 20,359 4.4
£1 2.1 3,956 3.1
597 2.1 8,960 3.1
33 8.9 6,814 8.8
217 1.1 901 1.3
123 1.3 554 l.g
S29 4.9 2,800 2.2
809 2.8 3,865 3.7
812 4.9 20,028 8.6
977 6.0 4,580 4.9
Portland. Ore 2
Providence, R. 1 14,!
Richmond Va 8
Rochester, N. Y 6J<
St. Paul, Minn 3'
San Francisco, Cal.. 7,
Scranton Pa 8
Seattle, Wash. 2*
Spokane Wash i
Svracuse NY 5*
Toledo 0 3*
Washington, D. C.... 13,
Worcester, Mass 5,
Omaha *Neb 2,798 2.7 1,662 2.0 1
INSANE ENUMERATED IN
[From United Sta1
State. Total. Male. Female
Alabama . *. 2 039 981 1,058
HOSPITALS JAN. 1. 1910.
es census report.]
Total. Male.Female.
Arizona 337 265 72
Jther colored 491 4*2 £
Arkansas 1 092 529 563
Insane Admitted to Hospitals in 1910.
California . . 6,652 4,115 2.537
Colorado 1,199 687 512
Connecticut 3,579 1,680 1,899
Jsatlve 39629 22190 1743ft
Delaware 441 237 204
District of Columbia 2,890 2,170 720
Florida 849 446 403
Georgia 3,132 1,531 1,601
Idaho 388 256 132
Foreign parentage 10,685 5996 4689
Foreignr-born 15.523 8,838 6685
Nativity unknown i,030 618 *412
Negro 4.384 9. sru <> nsn
Illinois 12,839 6,846 5,993
Indiana 4,527 2,235 2,292
Iowa .. 5.377 2,896 2.481
Kansas 2,912 1,694 1,218
Indian
Other colored
FOREIGN-BORN IN^SA
Enumerated J
Born in — Number.
Austria-Hungary... 3.477
Canada (English). 2,777
Canada (French). 972
England and Wales 3 706
51 32 ' 1»
152 134 18
NE IN HOSPITALS.
an. 1, 1910.
Born in— Number.
Italy 1.829.
Poland i.3i2
Russia 3,121
Scandinavia 6 442
Kentucky 3.538 1,968 1,570
Louisiana 2,158 1,070 1,088
Maine 1,258 693 565
Marvland 3.220 1,569 1,651
Massachusetts 11,601 5,633 5.968
Michigan 6,699 3,679 3.020
Minnesota 4,744 2,7o5 1.989
Mississippi 1,978 933 1,045
Missouri 6,168 3,231 2,937
Montana 697 531 166
Nebraska .. 1,990 1,141 849
France 614
Ireland 13.174
Admitted
Born in — Number.
Austria-Hungary... 1.402
Canada (English).. 1.030
Canada (French)... 266
Scotland 's49-
Switzerland 752.
f^ftir"™*8- 1>554
Born In— Number.
Italy 86?
Russia 1.518
Nevada 230 165 65
New Hampshire 909 463 446
New Jersey 6,042 2,913 '3,129
New Mexico 219 128 91
New York 31.280 14,955 16,325
North Carolina 2,522 1,032 1.490
North Dakota 628 407 221
Ohio 10,594 5,615 4,979
France - 146
Ireland 2.833
INSANE IN HOSP
Enumerated Jan. 1,
1910.
Under 15 years.... 341
15 to 19 years 2.312
20 to 24 years 7.801
25 to 29 years 11,083
Scotland 297
Switzerland 19t>
Other countries... 70?
ITALS BY AGES.
65 years or more.. 6,161
Oklahoma 1.110 651 459
Oregon 1565 1,088 477
Pennsylvania 15.058 7,919 7,139
Rhode Island 1,243 650 593
South Cirolina 1 541 708 833
When First Admitted.*
Under 15 years .. 1.079
15 to 19 years. .. 8,102
20 to 24 years. ..21.432
25 to 29 years. ..27.195
30 to 34 years. ..26. 655
35 to 39 years. ..24.225-
40 to 44 vears. . .18.764
45 to 49 years. ..14,784
50 to 54 years. ..11,167
55 to 59 vears. .. 6.922
60 to 64 years. .. 5.239
65 years or more.. 8.316
Age unknown 13 911
*Age of insane enu-
merated in hospitals
Jan. 1. 1910, when first
admitted to any hospi-
tal.
Residence Prior to
Admission.
In places having a pop-
ulation of—
Less than 2,500.. 20,442
2,500 to 10,000.. 5.942"
South Dikota 864 535 329
Tennessee 2.204 1,057 1,147
Texas 4,053 2,087 1,966
Vermont 990 528 462
35 to 39 years 22.856
40 to 44 years 23.321
45 to 49 years 22.874
50 to 54 years 20,885
55 to 59 years 16.383
60 to 64 years 12.729
65 years or more.. 21. 881
Age unknown 3.234
Admitted in 1910.
Under 15 years.... 327
15 to 19 years. ... 2.539
20 to 24 years. ... 5.701
25 to 29 vears. ... 7.027
30 to 34 years. ... 7.295
35 to 39 years. ... 7.495
40 to 44 years 6.469
45 to 49 years 5.681
50 to 54 years 4.877
55 to 59 years 3.368
60 to 64 years 2,872
Virginia 3635 1,779 1,856
Washington 1987 1,325 662
West Virginia . 1 722 900 822
Wisconsin • 6 587 3 743 2 844
Wyoming 162 105 57
United States 187,791 98,695 89.096
INSANE BY RACE, NATIVITY AND SEX.
Enumerated in Hospitals, Jan. 1, 1910.
Tnt-il. Malo.Femnlp
White •• 174,224 91.617 82,607
Native ..115 402 60,644 54,758
Native parentage 67 531 35 238 32 293
Foreign parentage 28.186 15,415 12,771
Foreign-born 54.096 28,415 25.681
Neero .. 12.910 6,536 6.374
218
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
10.000 to 25,000. 4,239
25,000 to 50,000. 3.515
50,000 to 100,000. 3,228
100,000 to 500.000. 7.901
500,000 or more... 11,829
•w
INSANE BY MAR
Enumerated
NOTE— These figures re-
fer to residence prior
to admission of insane
In hospitals enumerated
Jan. 1. 1910.
[TAL CONDITION.
Jan. 1, 1910.
female— Total 89.096
Single 37.115
Married 35 97")
FEEBLE MINDED
[From United
State.
California
IN INSTITUT
1910.
States census
Total.
854
[ONS JAN
report.]
Male.Feu
470
39
156
718
518
619
237
167
49
151
879
518
628
233
30
235
70
296
1,685
79
810
1,598
48
25
9
45
29
116
468
. 1.
lale.
384
25
138
547
617
570
183
•S
159
585
468
566
279
21
211
74
344
1.736
66
716
1,107
"-22
10
'"si
98
561
9,716
9,592
118
6
1 S98
Colorado
64
Connecticut ..
294
Illinois
1 265
Indiana
1 135
Iowa ....
1 189
Kansas
420
Male — Total 98.69o
Single 62.683
Kentucky
Maine
283
62
Widowed 5.405
Divorced 1.040
Unknown 3,520
Widowed 12.f>72
Divorced 1.368
Unknown 1,966
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
.... 310
1,464
986
INSANE BY
Insane at least 10 year
hospitals. J
Literate— Total ..142.315
Male 75,642
•MB
LITERACY.
s of age enumerated in
an. 1. 1910.
Native— Literate.. 94,896
Illiterate 16,669
Foreign— *Literate 40,452
Illiterate 10.224
* Foreign-born.
) DEATHS IN 1910.
Died.
White— Total ....16.868
Male 9 939
Missouri . .
1,194
512
Montana
51
Nebraska ..
446
New Hampshire
144
New Jersey
640
New York...
3 421
North Dakota
145
Female 66.673
Illiterate— Total.. 35.959
Male 17.896
Pennsylvania ...
1.526
2 705
Rhode Island
Tennessee
48
47
Female 18.063
DISCHARGES ANI
Discharged.
White— Total 27.614
Male 15.261
Texas
Utah
19
45
Virginia . .
60
West Virginia
214
Wisconsin
1 029
United States...
20,731
11,015
10,849
162
4
2.227
Female 12,353
Colored— Total .... 1.690
Male 932
Female 6 999
White
20 441
Colored— Total ... 2|o56
Male l 106
Negro
280
Other colored . .
10
Female . , 758
Female .. , '950
Admitted in 1910...
.. 3.825
BLIND POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES (1910).
*Per
State. Number. 100,000
Alabama • 1,572 73.5
*Per
State. Number. 100,000
Minnesota 881 42.4
•Per
State. Number. 100,000
Texas 2 439 69 6
Arizona 196 95.9
Mississippi 1,338 74.5
Utah ... . 'l88 50 4
Arkansas . • 1,201 76.3
Missouri . 2 442 74.1
Vermont 301 84 6
California 1,329 55.9
Montana 168 44.7
Virginia 1 649 80 0
Colorado .. 378 47.3
Nebraska 464 38.9
Washington 439 38 4
Connecticut 553 49.6
Nevada 97 118.5
West Virginia 797 65 1
Delaware 131 64.7
District of Columbia 223 67.4
New Hampshire 291 67.6
New Jersey 1,127 44.4
Wisconsin 1,321 56.6
Wyoming .... 48 32 9
Florida 402 53.4
New Mexico 554 169.3
Georgia 1 701 65.2
New York . 4 692 51.5
United States 57 °72 69 3
Idaho . 158 48.5
North Carolina 1,563 70.8
Illinois 2,975 52.8
North Dakota 167 28.9
*Per 100 000 of general popu-
Indiana . 2 121 78.5
Ohio 3,;40 78.5
lation
Iowa 1 388 62.4
Oklahoma . . . . 874 52.7
Kansas 1 069 63.2
Oregon 297 44.1
Kentucky 2.153 94.0
Pennsylvania 4,182 54.6
race and nativitv in 1900* White
Louisiana . . 1,107 66.8
Rhode Island 314 57.9
58.2* native white 55* foreign
Maine 585 78.8
South Carolina 1,011 66.7
born white. 74.5; colored. 94.6;
Maryland . . 802 61.9
South Dakota 268 45.9
negro, 90; Indian 302.6* Chinese
Massachusetts 2 016 60.8
Tennessee 1956 89.5
Japanese, etc. 23 °
Michigan 1 574 56.0
Some of the foreign countries
BLIND IN OTHER COUNTRIES.
Egypt (1907) . .. 1,3°5 "•
Hungary (1900) 100 6
in which the number of blind
Uganda (1911) 317.7
Ireland (1911) . 98 '
per 100 000 of general popula-
Number of blind in the lead-
Italy (1901) 117.5
tion is high are:
Bahamas (1901) 251.2
ing countries of Europe per
100000 of general population:
Netherlands (1909) 46.3
Norway (1910) 92.6
Danish Antilles (1901) 278 4
Austria (1910) 69.4
Portugal (1911) 132 8
Jamaica (1911) 209.3
Belgium (1910) 43.5
Roumanla (1899) 83.4
St Lucia (1901) 244 6
Bulgaria (1905) 132.4
Russia (1R97) 201 6
Cyprus (1901) 730.3
Denmark (1911) 52.7
Scotland (1911) 69.7
Malta and Oozo 201 2
England- Wnles (1911) 73.0
Serbia (190ft) . 94.1
Russia (European 1897) 201 6
Finland (1900) 119.0
Sweden (1900) 66 4
Formosa (190^) ' 515 7
France (1901) . 70 6
Switzerland (1896) 72 2
Philippines (1903) 226.3
Germany (1900) 60.9
State.
Alabama .................... 317
Arizona ...................... 16
Arkansas ..................... 336
California .................. 299
DEAF AND DUMB IN THE UNITED STATES (1910).
[From census bureau report, 1915.]
Total. Male.Female.
172 145
10 6
168
161
State. Total. Male.Female.
Colorado 109 68 41
Connecticut 181 102 79
Delaware 19 10 9
District of Columbia 56 31 25
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
219
State. Total. Male.Female.
Florida 86 48 38
Georgia 348 185 163
Idaho 41 22 19
Illinois 1,310 720 590
Indiana 634 351 283
Iowa 436 249 187
Kansas 470 264 206
Kentucky 664 350 314
Louisiana 254 143 111
Maine 166 95 71
Maryland 388 209 179
Massachusetts 566 306 260
Michigan 660 358 302
Minnesota 499 273 226
Mississippi 296 167 129
Missouri 872 478 394
Montana 48 25 23
Nebraska 280 155 125
Nevada 7 4 3
New Hampshire 99 53 46
New Jersey 324 188 136
New Mexico 59 36 23
New York.. 2,348 1,346 1,002
N«rth Carolina 504 278 226
Nerth Dakota 101 54 47
Ohio 1,154 601 553
State. Total.
Oklahoma 304
Oregon 130
Pennsylvania 1,461
Rhode Island _113
South Carolina 245
South Dakota 109
Tennessee 588
Texas 719
Utah 58
Vermont 62
Virginia 376
Washington '152
West Virginia 304
Wisconsin 572
Wyoming 14
Male.Female.
166 138
66 64
795
58
129
315
372
31
40
205
87
162
332
7
666
55
116
50
273
347
27
22
171
65
142
240
7
United States 19,154 10,504 8,650
Of the deaf and dumb population 18,017 were
white and 1,137 colored. Of the white 16,179 were
native born and 1,838 foreign born.
NOTE — The total number of deaf and dumb
reported in 1910 was 44,708, but satisfactory
schedules giving details were returned by only
19,154. The figures relate only to those who are
both deaf and dumb.
PRISONERS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Enumerated Jan. 1, 1910. [From report of United States census bureau.]
Total.
Alabama 3 858
Arizona '$92
Arkansas 1 351
California 4',900
Colorado 1,662
Connecticut 2218
Delaware . '391
District of Columbia 1,196
Florida \ 934
Georgia 5,078
Idaho 287
Illinois 7025
Indiana 3,969
Iowa 1,920
Kansas 1.971
Kentucky 3,564
Louisiana 2,514
Maine 1,073
Maryland 3.328
Massachusetts 8,212
Michigan 3,747
Minnesota 2.005
Mississippi 2,283
Montana 1,050
Nebraska 789
Nevada 289
New Hampshire 707
New Jersey 3,837
New Mexico 425
New York 16,082
North Carolina 1,420
North Dakota 419
Ohio 5,979
Oklahoma 1,668
Oregon 737
Pennsylvania 10,313
Rhode Island 1,088
South CaroMna 1,691
South Dakota 382
Tennessee 2,713
Texas 4,412
Utah 692
Vermont 568
Virginia 3.619
Washington 1,884
West Virginia 1,816
Wisconsin 2,281
Wyoming 287
United States prisons 1,904
United States 136,472
NOTE — Prisoners in above table in
delinquents.
JUVENILE DELINQUENTS.
Total 24.974 i White
Male 19.062 NPTO
Female 5,912 I Otner colored
3,674 184
682 10
1,308 53
4,740 160
1,513 149
1,844 374
344 47
1,014 182
1,850 84
4,854 224
286 1
6,173 852
3,465 504
1,687 233
1,725 246
3,299 265
2,401 113
878 195
2,946 382
7,193 1,019
3,308 439
1,858 147
2.194 89
1,032 18
720 69
285 4
612 95
3,444 393
415 10
14,254 1,828
1,331 89
410 9
5,190 789
1,630 38
729 8
9,315 99*
962 126
1,613 78
343 39
2,581 132
4,312 100
682 10
499 69
3,385 234
1,796 88
1,689 127
1.982 299
286 1
1,904
124,424 12.048'
elude juvenile
TS.
21.044
3,855
>red 75
White.
Total 93 841
Male 1S.450
Female 1,520
Male 85,218
Female 8.623
Native— Total . ...71.841
Male 64 807
Nativity unknown. 1,030
Negro.
Total 41 729
Male 38 346
Female 7 034
Female 3,383
Foreign— Total ... 20, 970
PRISONERS CLASS
Grave homicide... 6,904
Lesser homicide... 7,412
Major assaults 7,172
Minor assaults 2,870
Robbery . 4 937
Other colored 902
[FIED BY CRIMES.
Larceny 27,817
Fraud 1 518
Drunk, disorderly. 13, 914
Burglary 18.307
NOTE — Prisoners inclm
only principal offenses a
PRISONERS COM
Total 493 934
ie juvenile delinquents:
re given.
MITTED IN 1909.
White 381.498
Colored 112,436
PAROLED IN 1909.
White 365.010
Male 445 431
Female 48.503
DISCHARGED OR
Total 468.277
Male 422 258
Colored 103 "67
Female 46019
E UNITED STATES.
1908 100
LYNCHINGS IN TH]
1895 171
1896 . ...131
1909... .. 87
1897 106
1910... . 74
1898 127
1911 71
1899... ...107
1912 64
1913 ... .48
1900 115
1901 135
1902 96
1914... .. 59
1915... .. 69
1903 . 104
1916 55
1904... .. 87
1917... .. 38
1905 66
1918 67
1906 60
190.9 (6 mos.) 15
1907 v 63
According- to a report made by the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored
People, in the thirty -year period from 1889
throug-h 1918 the north had 219 lynchingrs.
the south 2.834, the west 156 and Alaska and
other localities 15. Georgia led the list with
386 victims, followed closely by Mississippi
with 373, Texas with 335. Louisiana with
313. Alabama with 276, Arkansas with 214.
Tennessee with 196, Florida with 178 and
Kentucky with 169.
220
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
PLACES W]
New York NY .5
POPULATION OF AMERICAN
TH MORE THAN 100.000 INH
•1917. 1910. 1900.
,737,492 4.766,883 3.437,202 1,
CITIES.
ABITANTS IN 1910.
1890. 1880. 1870.
515.301 1.206,299 942.292
838.547 599.495 419,921
099.850 503.298 298,977
046.964 847.170 674,022
451,770 350,518 310.864
448,477 362.839 250.526 '
261,353 160.146 92,829
434,439 332.313 267,354
343,904 156.389 86.076
205.876 116,340 79,577
255.664 155.134 117,714
298,997 233.959 149.473
204,468 115.587 71.440
296,908 255.139 216.239
181.830 136.508 105.059
242.039 216.090 191.418
230.392 147.293 109,199
50.395 11.183 5.728
164.738 46.887 13.066
163.003 120,722 -82,546
132,716 55,785 32,260
42.837 3.533 1.107
105.436 75.056 48.244
132.146 104.857 68.904
161.129 123,758 100.753
133.896 89,366 62.386
133.155 41.473 20.030
106.713 35.639 4.759
46.385 17.577 8.293
88.150 51,647 31,274
81,434 50.137 30.972
66.533 37.409 21.789
48.682 34.555 10,500
84.655 58.291 41.105
88,143 51.792 43.051
81.298 62.882 50.840
26 178 3 086
1860.
805.651
279.122
108.206
565.529
160.773
177.812
43,417
212,418
49,217
45,619
81.129
56.802
45.246
161.044
71.914
168.675
61.120
4.385
2.564
29.226
4.418
Brooklyn N Y
Chicago 111 2
.547,201 2.185,283 1.698.575 1,
.735,514 1.549.008 1.293.697 1,
768.630 687.029 575.238
767,813 670.585 560.892
692.259 560.663 381,768
594,637 558.485 508,957
586.196 533,905 451.512
619.648 465.766 285.704
475,781 423.715 352,387
471.023 416,912 342,782
445.008 373.857 285,315
414.248 363.591 325.902
418.789 347.469 246.070
377,010 339,075 287,104
369.282 331,069 278,718
535,485 319,198 102,479
373.448 301.408 202.718
312.557 267.779 206,433
305,816 248,381 163,752
366.445 237,194 80,671
283.622 233.650 169.164
259.895 224,326 175,597
240,808 223.928 204.731
264,714 218.149 162.608
252.465 214.744 163,065
268.439 213.381 133,859
308.399 207.214 90,426
220,135 181.511 125.560
202.010 168.497 131.822
196,144 154.839 89.672
206.405 150,174 66.960
166.106 145.986 118.421
158,550 137.249 108.374
152.275 133.605 108.027
189.716 132,683 38,415
151,877 131,105 102,320
149.541 129,867 102.026
158,702 127.628 85.050
140,512 125,600 105.171
177.777 124,096 102.555
129,828 119,295 104,863
128,939 116.577 85.333
132.861 112.571 87.565
118.136 110,364 80.865
114,366 106.294 94,969
114,293 104.839 91,886
157.656 104.402 36.848
124,724 102.054 70.996
106.633 100.253 94.151
y 1. The cities are arranged a
Philadelphia. Pa 1
St Louis Mo
Boston, Mass
Cleveland O
Baltimore Md
Pittsburgh, Pa
Detroit Mich
Buffalo. N. Y
San Francisco Cal .
Milwaukee, Wis
Newark N J
New Orleans La
Washington. D. C
Minneapolis,' Minn
Jersey City N J
Kansas City Mo
Seattle Wash
Indianapolis Ind
68,'033
48.204
10.401
18'. 564
13.768
9.554
1.543
24,960
28.119
39.267
Providence R I
Louisville Ky . ...
Rochester N Y
St. Paul, Minn
Denver Col
Portland Ore
Toledo O
Atlanta Ga
Oakland Cal
New Haven Conn
64.495 33,592 40.226
75.215 45.850 35.092
81.388 63,600 51.038
78,347 51.031 33.579
140,452 30.518 16,083
74,398 48,961 26,766
61,220 38,678 30,473
60.278 32.016 16.507
76.168 43.350 25.865
77,696 59.475 40.298
70.028 52.669 18,547
19,922 350 .
37',910
19.586
1.883
14.026
20,081
8.085
16.948
36.827
26.060
Scranton Pa
Richmond Va
Paterson N J
Omaha Neb
Fall River Mass
Dayton O
Grand Rapids, Mich ....
Nashville Tenn
Lowell Mass
Cambridge Mass
Spokane, Wash
Bridgeport Conn
48.866 27,643 18.969 13.299
94.923 90.758 69.658 62.367
ccording to their rank in 1910, the
Albany N Y
•Estimated as of Jul
latest census year.
POPU]
Manhattan 1910.
borough ...2.331.542
Bronx borough 430,980
Brooklyn
borough ...1.634.351
POP
Albany N Y
LATION 0
1900.
1.850,093
200.507
1,166.582
[JLATION
1850.
50,763
169,054
136.881
96,838
42.261
42.985
29.963
115.436
17.034
17.882
21.019
13.555
43.194
33,383
13.932
20.061
20.515
10.478
38.894
20.345
116.375
515.547
F NEW YC
1890.
1,441.216
88.908
838.547
OF PRINCl
1840.
33.721
102.313
18!213
29.261
4.479
46.338 t
6.071
6.048
9.102
12.793
21.210
20.796
3.235
)RK CITY BY BOROUGHS.
Richmond 1910. 1900.
borough ... 85.969 67,021
Queens bor'gh 284,041 152,999
1890.
51.693
87,050
Total
4 7fifi 883 a 437 9(\9. 9.
,507,414
1790.
3.498
13.503
18.038
l6,'359
[PAL CITIES. 1790-1850.
1830. 1820. 1810. 1800.
24.238 12.630 9,356 5,349
80.625 62.738 46.555 26.614
61,392 43.298 32.250 24.027
12.042 7.145 4.402 3,298
8,653 2.095 1.508
30,289 24,480 24.711 18.712
Baltimore Md . . .
Brooklyn N Y
Buffalo N Y
Charleston S C
24.831
1.076
2.435
2222
7.704
10.352
G.474
877
9.644 2.540 750
606 547
Cleveland O .. .
Detroit Mich
1.422
Hartford Conn
4 726 3 955
4.012 1.357
Lowell Mass
Manchester N H
761 615
Milwaukee, Wis
Mobile Ala
16.672
6 999
17.290
14.890
102.193
312.710
51566
10.953
10.180
46.310
203.007
Nashville Tenn...
Newark N J
6 507
few Haven. Conn
7.147 5.772
27.176 17.242
123.706 96.373 60.489
33!i3i
ew York, N. Y
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
221
Paterson N J
1850.
11.334
1840.
7.596
258.037
21.115
15.218
23,171
20.153
20.191
15.082
11,214
10.985
16.469
6.502
19.334
12.782
23.364
5.680
7.497
1830. 1820.
1810. 1800.
1790.
Philadelphia Pa
. 408.762
167.188 108.116
12,542 7.248
12.601 8.530.
16.832 11.767
16.060 12.046
9,269 1,502
13,886 12,721
9.748 7.523
6.784 3.914
5,852 4,598
06.664 70,287
4.768 1,565
7.169 3.677
10,071 7.614
9.735 5,537
42.520
46.601
20,815
Providence, R. I
41.513
36.403
20 264
12,613 9.457
7.921
. 15.312
77,860
22.271
2,767
Troy. N. Y
Utica N Y
28.785
17,565
8.'323 2.'972
18,827 13.247
1.620 ......
3.885 .III 1 1
"&208 "3.*2id
Washington. D. C
40.001
Williamsburg. N. Y....
Worcester. Mass
. 30.780
17.049
Note— In 1850: Los Angeles, 1.610: San
Francisco. 15.000: Jersey City, 6.856: In-
dianapolis. Ind., 8.091: St. Paul. Minn.. 1.112:
Portland, Ore., 821; Toledo, O.. 3.829: At-
lanta, Ga., 2,572:
Fall River, Mass., 11
Grand Rapids, Mich..
Memphis. Tenn.,
.524: Dayton. O..
2.686: Cambridge
rt. Conn.. 7.560.
8,841:
10.977:
. Mass.,
DECENNIAL INCREASE OF CITIES WITH MORE THAN 100.000 IN 1910.
^1900 to
1910-x
,-1890 to
1900^
,—1880 to
1890-^
City.
Number.
Per ct.
Number.
Per ct.
Number
Per ct
New York. N. Y ,
1,329.681
38.7
1.921.901
126.8
309.002
256
Chicago. Ill
486,708
28.7
598.725
54.4
596 665
118 6
Philadelphia. Pa ,
255,311
19.7
246.733
23.6
199.794
23.6
St. Louis. Mo
111.791
19.4
123,468
27.3
101.252
28 9
i 109.693
19.6
112.415
25.1
85.638
23'6
Cleveland. O ,
178.895
46.9
120,415
46.1
101.207
63.2
Baltimore. Md
49.528
§.7
74.518
17.2
102.126
30.7
Pittsburgh. Pa ,
82.393
.2
82.999
34.8
82.228
52 6
Detroit, Mich ,
180.062
63.0
79.828
38.8
89,536
77"0
Buffalo. N. Y
71.328
20.2
96.723
37.8
100 530
64 8
San Francisco. Cal.
74.130
21.6
43.785
14.6
65.038
27 8
Milwaukee. Wis
88.542
31.0
80.847
39.5
88.881
76 9
37.689
11.8
28.994
9.8
41 769
164
Newark. N. J
, 101,399
51.971
41.2
18.1
64.240
45.065
35.3
18.6
45.322
25.949
33.3
12 0
Washington. D. C
53.351
18.8
48.326
21.0
52.768
29 7
Los Angeles, Cal
216.719
211.5
52.084
103.4
39.212
350 6
98.690
43.6
37,980
23.1
117.851
251 4
Jersey City, N. J
61.346
29.7
43.430
26.6
42.281
35 0
84.752
51.7
31.036
23 A
76 931
137 9
Seattle. Wash
, 156.523
194.0
37.834
88.3
39.304
1112 5
64.486
38.1
63.728
60.4
30.380
40 5
, 48.729
27.8
43,451
39.9
27 289
26 0
Louisville. Ky
19.197
9.4
43.602
27.1
37.371
30 2
Rochester, N. Y ,
55.541
34.2
28.712
21.4
44.530
49 8
St. Paul. Minn
51.679
31.7
29.909
22.5
91 683
221 1
Denver. Col
79.522
59.4
27.146
25.4
71.084
199 5
Portland. Ore
116.788
140.2
44.041
94.9
28.808
163 9
55.951
44.6
37.410
42.4
36 503
70 7
Toledo. O
36.675
27.8
50.388
61.9
31.297
62 4
Atlanta. Ga
64.967
72.3
24,339
37.1
28,124
75 2
Oakland. Cal
83.214
124.3
18.278
37.5
14.127
40 9
Worcester, Mass
27.565
23.3
33.766
39.9
26.364
45 2
Syracuse. N. Y
28.875
26.6
20.231
23.0
36.351
70 2
25.578
23.6
26.729
32.9
18.416
293
Birmingham, Ala
94.270
245.4
12.237
46.7
23.092
748 3
28.785
28.1
37.825
58.6
30.903
92 0
Scranton, Pa
27.841
27.3
26.811
35.6
29.365
64 0
85.050
50.1
3.662
4.5
17.788
28 0
Paterson. N. J
20.429
19.4
26.824
34.2
27.316
53 5
Omaha. Neb
21.541
21.0
37.897
27.0
109.934
360 2
Fall River. Mass
14.432
13.8
26.824
34.2
27.316
53.5
Dayton. O
31.244
36.6
24.113
39.4
22.542
58 3
Grand Rapids. Mich
25.006
28.5
27.287
45.3
28.262
88 3
Nashville. Tenn
29.499
36.5
4.697
6.2
32 818
75 7
Lowell, Mass
........ 11.325
11.9
17.273
22.2
18.221
30.6
Cambridge. Mass
12.953
14.1
21.858
17,359
33 0
Spokane. Wash
67.554
183.3
19.572
-31.058
43.7
22.130
45.3
21.223
76.8
Albany. N. Y
6,102
6.5
•772
•0.8
4.165
4 6
•Decrease.
AMERICAN CITIES
WITH POPULATION OP
25.000 TO
100.000
IN 1910.
City. 1910. 1900.
Akron. 0 69,067 42.728
Allentown. Pa 51.913 35.416
Altoona, Pa 52.127 38.973
Amsterdam. N. Y.. 31. 267 20.929
Pr. ct. inc.
Population.-^ 1900- 1890-
1910. 1900.
61.6 54.8
46.6 40.4
33.8 28.5
49.4 20.7
Atlantic City. N. J.46.150 27.838 65.8 113.2
Auburn. N. Y 34.668 30.345 14.2 17.4
City. 1910. 1900.
Augusta. Ga ....... 41.040 39.441
Aurora, HI ......... 29.807 24.147
Austin. Tex ......... 29.86022.258
Battle Creek. Mich.25,267 18,563
Bay City, Mich.... 45. 166 27.628
Bayonne. N. J ..... 55.545 32.722
Pr. ct. inc.
pulations 1900- 1890-
1910.1900.
4.1 18.4
23.4 22.6
34.2 52.7
36.1 40.7
63.5 «0.8
69.7 71.9
222
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
,— Population.-^
City. 1910. 1900.
Berkeley, Cal 40.434 13,214
Binghamton, N. Y. 48,443 39,647
Blooming-ton. 111... 25,768 23,286
Brockton, Mass. . .56.878 40,063
Brookline. Mass.. .27,792 19,935
Butte. Mont 39,165 30,470
Camden, N. J 94,538 75.935
Canton, 0 50.217 30,667
Cedar Rapids, Iowa.32,811 25,656
Charleston, S. C... 58.833 55.807
Charlotte, N. C 34.014 18.091
Chattanooga. Tenn.44.604 30,154
Chelsea, Mass 32,452 34,072
Chester, Pa 38,537 33,988
Chicopee, Mass 25.401 19.167
Clinton. Iowa 25,577 22,698
Colorado SPSS., Col.29,078 21,085
Columbia. S. C.... 26.319 21,108
Council Bluffs. la.. 29,292 25,802
Sovington. Ky 53,27042.938
alias, Tex 92,104 42,638
Danville, 111 27,871 16,354
Davenport, Iowa . . .43,028 35,254
Decatur, 111 31.140 20,754
Des Moines. Iowa.. 86,368 62,139
Dubuque, Iowa 38,494 36,297
Duluth, Minn 78.466 52,969
Easton. Pa 28,52325,238
East Orange, N. J.,34,371 21,506
East St. Louis. HI. 58.547 29,655
El Paso. Tex 39,279 15,906
Elgin. Ill 25.976 22,433
Elizabeth, N. J.... 73,409 52,130
Elmira, N. Y 37,176 35,672
Erie, Pa 66.525 52,733
Evansville, Ind 69,647 59,007
Everett, Mass 33,484 24,336
Fitchburg, Mass.. .37,826 31,531
Flint, Mich 38.550 13.103
Fort Wayne. Ind. .63,933 45,115
Fort Worth. Tex. .73,312 26,688
Galveston, Tex... .36,981 37,789
Green Bay, Wis...25,236 18,684
Hamilton. 0 35,279 23.914
Harrisburg. Pa 64,186 50.167
Hartford, Conn 98.915 79,850
Haverhill. Mass. . .44,115 37,175
Pr. ct. inc.
1900- 1890-
1910. 1900.
206.0 159.0
22.2 13.3
10.7 13.7
42.0 46.8
39.4 64.7
28.5 184.2
24.5 30.2
63.7 17.1
27.9 42.4
5.4 1.6
24.1 14.9
. .
0.0 23.2
9.0 24.0
Hazleton, .
Hoboken, N. J.
Holyoke, Mass.
,25.452 14,230
.70,324 59,364
.57.730 45,71!
Houston, Tex 78,800 44,633
Huntington. W. Va.31,161 11,923
Jackson. Mich 31.433 25,180
Jacksonville, Fla. ..57,699 28,429
Jamestown, N. Y.. 31, 297 22,892
Johnstown, Pa 55,482 35,936
Joliet. Ill 34,670 29,353
Joplin, Mo 32,073 26,023
Kalamazoo, Mich.. 39,437 24,404
Kansas City, Kas. .82,331 51,41f
Kingston, N. Y..,
.
19.9
36.0
28.3
62.0
18.0
Knoxville, Tenn
LaCrosse, Wis
Lancaster. Pa
Lansing-, Mich
Lawrence, Mass.
ewiston, Me
25,908 24,53
36,346 32,637
30.417 28,895
47,22741,459
31,229 16,485
. .85.892 62.559
26,247 23,761
Lexington, Ky ..... 35,099 26,369
ima. 0 ............ 30,508 21,723
Lincoln. Neb ....... 43,973 40,169
Little Rock, Ark. .45,941 38.307
Lorain. 0 ........... 28,883 16,028
Lynchburg-, Va ..... 29,494 18,891
Lynn, Mass ....... 89,336 68,513
acon, Ga ......... 40.665 23,272
McKeesport. Pa.. ..42,694 34.227
^fadison, Wis ..... 25,531 19,164
Maiden. Mass ..... 44.404 33,664
Manchester, N. H... 70,063 56,987
Meriden. Conn ...... 27.265 24,296
Mobile. Ala ......... 51,521 38,469
ontgomery, Ala. .38.136 30.346
.
10.5
33.1 22.3
40.4 35.9
9.5 *27.2
19.9 48.1
80.2 229.6
56.1 , *4.2
30.4 22.9
74.7 2.3
24.7 65.0
33.2 42.7
31.9 46.2
22.9 29.1
12.2 12.2
33.9 23.8
25 7 38 7
Mt. Vernori.'N. Y..36!919 21,228 45/7 96.0
Muskogee. Okla . . . 25,278 4,254 494.2 t
r- Population.-^
City. 1910. 1900.
Nashua, N. H ..... 26,005 23.898
Newark. 0 ......... 25,404 18,157
New Bedford. Mass.96.652 62,442
New Britain. Conn. .43,916 25,998
Newburgh, N. Y... 27,805 24,943
Newcastle, Pa ..... 36,280 28.339
Newport, Ky ...... 30.30928.301
Newport, R. 1 ...... 27.149 22.441
New Rochelle. N. Y.28,867 14,720
Newton, Mass ..... 39.806 33,587
Niagara Falls, N. Y.30,445 19,457
Norfolk, Va ........ 67,452 46.624
Norristown. Pa ____ 27.875 22.265
Ogden, Utah ...... 25,58016,313
Oklahoma City, Ok..64,205 10,037
Orange, N. J ....... 29,630 24,141
Oshkosh, Wis ..... 33,062 28,284
Pasadena, Cal ____ 30,291 9,117
Passaic, N. J ....... 54,773 27,777
Pawtucket. R. I... 51, 622 39,231
Peoria, 111 ....... . 66,950 56,100
Perth Amboy, N.J.32, 121 17,699
Pittsfield. Mass ____ 32,121 21,766
Portland. Me ...... 58,571 50,145
Portsmouth, Va....33,190 17,427
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.27,936 24,029
Pueblo. Col ......... 44,395 28.157
Quincy, HI .......... 36,587 36,252
Quincy, Mass ..... 32,642 23,899
Racine. Wis ........ 38,002 29,102
Reading", Pa ........ 96,071 78,961
Roanoke, Va ...... 34,874 21,495
Rockford. Ill ....... 45,401 31,051
Sacramento. Cal... 44, 696 29.282
Saginaw, Mich ____ 50,51042.345
St. Joseph, Mo ..... 77,403 102979
Salem, Mass ....... 43,697 35,956
Salt Lake City. Ut.92.777 53,531
San Antonio, Tex. .96,614 53,321
San Diego, Cal ---- 39,578 17,700
San Jose. Cal ...... 28,946 21.500
Savannah. Ga ..... 65.064 54,244
Scheneatady, N. Y.72.826 31,682
Sheboygan. Wis. . .86,398 22,962
Shenandoah, Pa. . .25.774 20,321
Shreveport, La.... 28,015 16,013
Sioux City, Iowa. .47,828 33,111
Somerville. Mass. .77,236 61,643
South Bend, Ind... 53,684 35,999
t. Omaha. Neb ____ 26,259 26.001
pringfield. Ill ____ 51.67834,159
Springfield, Mass .. 88.926 62,059
§ pringfield. Mo ____ 35,201 23,267
pringfield, 0 ....... 46,921 38.253
Stamford. Conn. . .25,138 15,997
Superior, Wis ....... 40,384 31,091
Tacoma, Wash ____ 83,743 37,714
Tampa, Fla ....... 37,782 15,839
Taunton. Mass. .. .34.259 31.036
Terre Haute. Ind. ..58,157 36,673
Topeka. Kas ........ 43.684 33,608
Trenton, N. J ...... 96,815 73,307
Troy, N. Y ......... 76,81360,651
Utica. N. Y ......... 74,41956,383
Waco. Tex ........ 26,42520,686
Waltham, Mass ____ 27,83423,481
Warwick. R. 1 ..... 26.629 21,316
Waterbury, Conn.. 73, 141 45,859
Waterloo, Iowa. . .26,693 12,580
Watertown. N. Y.. 26.730 21,696
W. Heboken. N. J..35.403 23,094
Wheeling. W. Va...41,641 38,878
Wichita, Kas ....... 52,450 24,671
Wilkes-Barre. Pa. ..67, 105 51,721
Williamsport, Pa.. 31,860 28.757
Wilmington. Del... 87,411 76,508
Wilmington. N. C.. 25, 748 20,976
Woonsocket. R. I.. 38.125 28,204
Yonkers. N. Y ..... 79.803 47,931
York, Pa ........... 44,750 33,708
Youngstown. 0 ..... 79.066 44.885
Zanesville. 0 ....... 28,026 22,238
Pr. ct. inc.
1900-1890-
1910. 1900.
8.8 23.8
39.9 27.2
64.8 53.3
68.9 57.4
11.5 8.0
28.0 144.3
7.1 13.6
21.0 15.3
96.1 62.5
18.5 37.8
56.5 t
44.7 33.7
25.2 12.5
56.8 9.6
539.7 141.8
22.7 28.1
16.9 23.9
232.2 86.7
97.2 113.2
31.5 42.0
19.3 36.7
81.5 86.1
47.6 26.0
16.8 37.7
90.5 31.3
16.3 8.2
67.7 14.7
0.9 15.1
36.6 42.9
30.6 38.5
21.7 34.6
62.2 33.0
46.2 31.7
52.6 11.0
19.3 *8.6
*24.8 96.8
21.5 16.7
73.3 19.4
81.2 41.5
123.6 9.5
34.6 19.0
19.9 25.6
129.9 59.2
15.0 40.4
26.8 27.5
75.0 33.7
44.4 *12.4
25.3 53.5
49.1 65.0
1.0 222.5
61.3 36.8
43.3 40.5
51.3 6.5
22.7 19.9
57.1 t
29.9 159.5
122.0 4.7
138.5 186.3
10.4 22.0
f2.6 21.4
0.0
59.5
112.2 88.5
23.2 47.3
53.3 98.0
7.1 12.4
112.6 3.6
29.7 37.1
10.8 6.0
14.3 24.5
22.7 4.6
38.7 35.4
66.5 49.6
32.8 62.1
76.2 35.1
19.1 12.0
•Decrease, flncorporated since 1890.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
223
CITIES ©F FASTEST GROWTH. 1900 TO
1910.
Pop., Pet. inc.
Rank. City. 1910. 1900-1910.
1. Oklahoma City. Okla. . 64,205
2. Muskogee. Okia 25,278
3. Birmingham. Ala 132,685
4. Pasadena, Cal 30,291
5. Los Angeles, Cal 319,198
6. Berkeley, Cal 40,434
7. Flint, Mich 38,550
8. Seattle, Wash 237.194
9. Spokane, Wash 104,402
10. Fort Worth, Tex 73,312
11. Huntingdon. W. Va 31,161
12. El Paso, Tex 39,279
13. Tampa. Fla 37,782
14. Schenectady, N. Y 72,826
15. Portland, Ore 207,214
16. Oakland. Cal 150,174
17. San Diego. Cal 39,578
18. Tacoma. Wash 83,743
19. Dallas, Tex 92,104
539.7
494.2
245.4
232.2
211.5
206.0
194.2
194.0
183.3
174.7
161.4
146.9
138.5
129.9
129.2
124.3
123.6
122.0
116.0
Pop., Pet. inc.
Rank. City. 1910. 1900-1910.
20. Wichita, Kas 52,450 112.6
21. Waterloo. Iowa 26,693 112.2
22. Jacksonville, Fla 57,699 103.0
AREA OF CHIEF AMERICAN CITIES.
Land area in acres July 1, 1915.
New York. .183,555.0 New Orleans. 125,440.0
Chicago .... 121,502.6
Philadelphia. . 83,340.0
St. Louis.
Boston . .
Cleveland
Baltimore
Pittsburgh
.39,100.0
.27,612.0
..33,547.5
.19,290.0
.25,383.3
Detroit 26,726.4
Los Angeles. 183,464.0
Buff;
San Francisco.26, 632.0
Milwaukee ..32,069.0
Cincinnati . . .45,255.0
Newark, N. J.14,858.0
Washington .38,408.4
Minneapolis .32,069.0
Seattle 37,481.0
Jersey City... 8,320.0
Kansas City. .37.555.8
Portland. Ore.32.748.8
Indianapolis .22,165.1
Denver 37,028.0
Roch'ster,N.Y.14,876.3
.24.894.0 ' Providence ..11,353.0
. o« «oo n i st Paul ...33,388.0
Louisville ...15,368.4
Columbus, O.. 14,149.6
ELEVATION OF AMERICAN CITIES.
[From Henry Gannett's "Dictionary of Altitudes."]
Where two elevations in the same city are I officially recorded at or near the surface of
given they represent the lowest and highest | the ground.
Alabama— Feet.
Birmingham 591-606
Mobile 8-15
Montgomery 160-222
Arizona— Flagstaff 6.894
Phoenix 1,083-1.090
Tucson 2.37i
Williams 6.752
Arkansas— Fort Smith 423-448
Hot Springs 598-607
Little Rock 249-299
California— Alameda 12
Berkeley 29-183
Fresno 287
Long Beach 47
Los Angeles 256-338
Oakland 8-24
Pasadena 829
Sacramento 30
San Bernardino.. 1,011-1. 077
San Diego 6-46
San Francisco.. 6-85
San Jose 81-118
Stockton 11-19
Colorado-
Colorado Springs.5. 968-5, 982
Cripple Creek 9,591
Denver 5.183-5.279
Leadville 10.190
Pueblo 4.657-4.690
Connecticut— Bridgeport 9
Hartford 34-38
Meriden 150
New Britain 199
New Haven 6-38
Norwalk 39
Stamford 34
Waterbury 260
Delaware— Wilmington .. .8-134
District of Columbia —
Washington 10-34
Florida — Jacksonville 8
Pensacola 39
Tampa 15
Georgia— Atlanta .1.032-1,163
Augusta 143
Macon 311-334
Savannah 31
Idaho— Boise 2,695
Illinois— Aurora 647
Bloomington 781
Chicago , 590-652
Danville 598-602
Decatur 647
East St. Louis 415-420
Elgin 715
Evanston 601-603
Jacksonville 600-614
Feet.
Joliet 536-540
Moline 573-586
Oak Park 630
Peoria 453-468
Quincy 360-488
Rockford 716-730
Rock Island 540-569
Springfield 595-612
Indiana— Evansville . .318-383
Fort Wayne 763-788
Hammond ..: 589-597
Indianapolis 720-726
Muncie 935-950
South Bend 708-725
Terre Haute 485
Iowa— Burlington 511-533
Cedar Rapids 732-737
Clinton 566-589
Council Bluffs 962-984
Davenport 529-591
Des Moines 803-805
Dubuque 605-841
Sioux City 1,076-1.110
Waterloo 847-852
Kansas— Atchison 760-840
Hutchinson 1.523-1.530
Kansas City 750-779
Leavenworth 765-787
Topeka 880-934
Wichita 1.291-1.296
Kentucky— Covington 513
Lexington 946-980
Louisville 394-457
Newport 500-513
Louisiana — New Orleans. 6-15
Shreveport 182-240
Maine— Bangor 18-24
Lewiston 149-199
Portland 11-26
Maryland— Annapolis 2-42
Baltimore 63-92
Cumberland 609-776
Hagerstown 520-563
Massachusetts— Boston ..8-169
Brockton 128
Cambridge 22
Chelsea 11
Everett 12
Fall River 42
Fitchburg 438
Haverhill 35
Holyoke 115
Lawrence 65
Lowell 101-111
Lynn 26
Maiden 34
Medford . ..13
Feet.
New Bedford 17
Newton 33
Pittsfield 1.013
Salem 10
Somerville 13
Springfield 83
Taunton 54
Waltham 51
Worcester 469-477
Michigan— Ann Arbor. 611-771
Battle Creek 816-823
Bay City / 594
Detroit 579-635
Flint 711-712
Grand Rapids 610-641
Jackson 940-944
Kalamazoo 753-784
Lansing 828-845
Muskegon 592-619
Saginaw 593
Duluth 607-627
Minneapolis 816-848
St. Paul 683-935
Mississippi— Jackson . .283-298
Macon 175-179
Natchez 16-202
Vicksburg 43-197
Missouri-
Jefferson City 554-637
Joplin 983-1.114
Kansas City 742-811
St. Joseph 813-847
St. Louis ..413-487
Springfield 1.260
Montana— Butte ..5.534-5,713
Helena 3.913-4.157
Kalispell 2,946
Livingston 4.491
Nebraska-
Grand Island 1.858-1,864
Lincoln 1.148
Omaha 960-1,042
Nevada— Carspn City 4,660
New Hampshire —
Manchester 173
Nashua 150
New Jersey— Atlantic City 9-10
Bayonne 50
Camden 21-31
East Orange 173
Elizabeth 12-38
Jersey City 8-104
Newark 3-119
New Brunswick 18-97
Orange 187-193
Passaic 57
Paterson 82-193
Trenton 31-56
224
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Feet.
New Mexico—
Albuquerque . . . .4.493-5.008
Deming 4.325
Las Vegas 6.391
Santa Fe 6.947-6.956
New York— Albany 5-26
Amsterdam 264-280
Auburn 643-768
Bingrhamton 863-865
Buffalo 576-586
Elmira 836-858
Jamestown 1,317
Kingston 182-223
New York 8-72
Poughkeepsie 28-243
Rochester 505-514
Schenectady 233-241
Syracuse 403-431
Troy 23-35
Utica 406-548
Watertown 398
West Point 10
North Carolina —
Asheville 1.981-1,986
Charlotte 708-721
Wilmington 25
Winston-Salem 858-877
North Dakota-
Bismarck 1,618-1.672
Grand Forks 836-841
Minot 1.557
Valley City 1.221-1.311
Ohio— Akron 873-1.007
Canton 1,030-1.036
Cleveland 578-785
Cincinnati 481-545
Columbus 712-794
Dayton 739-745
Hamilton 591-605
Xima 833-880
Lorain 610
Newark 822
Portsmouth 468-525
rfield 980-987
...641-781
Feet.
Toledo 582-602
Youngstown 839-847
Zanesville 694-704
Oklahoma— Muskogee .588-611
Oklahoma City 1.197
Oregon— Portland 28-175
Salem 163
Pennsylvania —
Allentown 254-321
Altoona 1.161-1.192
Chester 22-24
Easton 211-364
Erie 575-713
Harrisburg 317-357
Hazleton 1.624
Johnstown 1.169-1.184
Lancaster 300-357
McKeesport 752
New Castle 806
Norristown 83
Philadelphia 26-408
Pittsburgh 731-756
Reading 206-264
Scranton 726-762
Wilkesbarre 532-643
Williamsport 520-528
York 370-371
Rhode Island— Central Falls.88
Cranston 84
Newport 6
Pawtucket 92
Providence 11
Woonsocket 162
South Carolina —
Charleston 10-15
Columbia 190-322
South Dakota-
Chamberlain ,....1.323-1.359
Deadwood 4.532-4.543
Pierre 1.440-1.441
Rapid City 3.196-3.244
Sioux Falls 1.389-1.420
Tennessee —
Chattanooga 631-690
Knoxville 807-933
Feet.
Memphis 117-273
Nashville 450
Texas— Austin 466-507
Beaumont 17-24
Dallas 425-448
El Paso 3.695-3.711
Fort Worth 534-620
Galveston 4-6
Houston 38-53
San Antonio 637-672
Waco 400-427
Utah— Ogden 4.296
Salt Lake City.. .4.224-4.253
Vermont^Montpelier 484
Virginia— Lynchburg ..517-526
Norfolk 12
Petersburg 11-85
Portsmouth 10
Richmond 15-206
Roanoke 423
Washington— Bellingham 60
Everett 7-21
Seattle 10
Spokane 1.879-1.935
Tacoma 12-210
West Virginia-
Charleston 602-603
Huntington 565
Wheeling 622-652
Wisconsin— Appleton ..709-719
Beloit 741-743
Eau Claire 788-841
Fond du Lac 747-775
Green Bay 590
Kenosha 611
LaCrosse 644-657
Madison 849-860
Milwaukee 579-636
Oshkosh 743-760
Racine 588-629
Sheboygan 589
Superior 606-671
Wyoming —
Cheyenne 6.062-6.101
Laramie 7.132-7.165
AMERICAN CITIES WITH 10,000 OR MORE INHABITANTS.
Arranged by states.
[Estimated by the United States census bureau as of July 1, 1917.]
San Jose . 39 810
Jacksonville 79 065
Evanston .... 29304
Bessemer .... 17.156
Birmingham 189.716
Gadsden 15.301
Mobile 59.201
Santa Ana 10,981
Santa Barbara 15,360
Santa Cruz.... 15,150
Stockton 36,209
Vallejo 13 803
Key West 22,011
Pensacola .... 26,802
Tampa 56,251
West Tampa. 12,566
Freeport 19.844
Galesburg ... 24,629
Granite City. 15,890
Jacksonville 15,506
Joliet 38 549
Selma 15.945
Colorado.
Albany 10 979
Kankakee .. . 14,270
Tuscaloosa . . 10,824
Boulder City 12 012
Athens 18319
Kewanee 13,607
Arizona.
Colorado Spgs. 38,965
Atlanta 196,144
La Salle 12,332
Lincoln 11 991
Phoenix 19,445
Tucson 17,324
Fort Collins... 11,973
Brunswick ... 10.984
Mattoon 12.764
Greeley 11 942
Columbus .... 26 306
May wood .... 10,903
A __.__*„ 1^^1*1
Pueblo 56 084
Macon . . 46 099
Moline 27.976
Trinidad 14 413
Rome 15 607
Monmouth"" . . 10,346
Helena .. 11 122
Connecticut.
Savannah 69,250
Mt. Vernon.. 10.043
Hot Springs. . 17,690
Ansonia 16,954
Waycross 20.737
Ottawa *9 535
Little Rock... 58.716
Pine Bluff 17 777
Bridgeport ...124,724
Bristol 16 318
Idaho.
Boise 35 951
Pekin 10.973
California.
Danbury 22,931
Pocatello 12,806
Quincy 36,832
Alameda 28,433
Bakersfield 17 543
Hartford . ...112,830
Meriden 29,431
Illinois.
Alton 23 783
Rock Island... 29.452
Berkeley 60 427
Middletown ... 13,502
Aurora . . . 34 795
Eureka 15 142
New Britain... 55,385
Belleville 21,154
Fresno 36,314
New Haven . . .152.275
Bloomington . 27.462
Frbina 10 146
Long Beach 29 163
New London.. 21,199
Cairo 15995
Los Angeles 535 485
Norwalk 27,332
Canton 13 674
Oakland 206,405
Pasadena .... 49.620
Pomona 13,624
Redlands 14.573
Riverside 20 496
Norwich 21,923
Stamford 31.810
Waterbury ... 80,201
Willimantic .. 12,902
Delaware
Centralia 11,838
Champaign ... 15,052
Chicago 2.547,201
Chicago Hghts. 22.863
Cicero 20 846
•Population in 1910,
showing decrease; no
estimate since.
Indiana.
Anderson ...... 24230
Sacramento ... 68.984
San Bernardino 17 616
Wilmington . . 95.361
District of Columbia.
Danville 32,969
Decatur .. 41483
Bedford 10,613
Bloomington . 11,661
,San Diego 56,412
Washington ..369,282
E. St. Louis. . 77.312
Brazil . . 10,472
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
225
Crawfordsville. 11.443
East Chicago. 30.286
Elkhart .. 22273
Monroe 13.698
New Orleans. .377.010
Shreveport . . . 37,064
Maine
Auburn 16,607
Aug-usta 14.325
SaultSte. Marie 14.130
Traverse City. 14.090
•Population in 1910.
showing- decrease from
1900; no estimate
since.
Minnesota.
Duluth 97 077
Englewood . . 12.603
Gloucester ... 11.375
Hoboken 78.324
Jersey City. ...312,557
Long- Branch.. 15,733
Millville 13,813
New Brunswick 25.855
Newark 418 789
Elwood *11 028
Evans ville .... 76.981
Fort Wayne... 78.014
Frankfort .... 10.103
Gary 56 000
Bangor .. .. 26,958
Biddeford 17.760
Lewiston 28,061
Portland 64.720
Sanford .. . 11,217
Hammond 27.016
Hunting-ton ... 10,982
Indianapolis ..283,622
Jeffersonville .'10.412
Kokomo 21,929
Hibbing- 17 550
Orange 33636
Mankato '10,365
Minneapolis ..373,448
Red Wing- . 10 158
Passaic ... 74 473
Paterson 140512
Perth Amboy. 42,646
Plamfield 24,330
Kahway . 10 361
Waterville . . . 12.903
Maryland.
Baltimore 667.442
Cumberland .. 26,686
Frederick .... 11,225
Hagerstown . . 26,125
Massachusetts.
Attleboro 19,776
Beverly 22,128
Boston 767.813
St. Cloud 12.013
3t. Paul 252.465
Stillwater *10,198
Virginia City.. 15.954
Winona 18 583
Lafayette 21.481
Laporte 13 572
Trenton 113 974
Log-ansport ... 21.338
Marion 19,923
New Mexico.
Albuquerque . 14,509
New York.
Albany . . 106 632
Michigan City. 21.913
Mishawaka ... 17.083
Muncie 25 653
•Population in 1910,
showing- decrease from
1900; no estimate
since.
Mississippi.
Columbus 10.815
Greenville . . . 11.045
Hattiesburg- .. 17.357
Jackson 31.104
Laurel 1° 313
New Albany.. 23.629
Newcastle .... 14,144
Peru 12 491
Amsterdam ... 38^043
Auburn 37 8°3
Brockton 60,152
Cambridge ....114,293
Chelsea 48,405
Chicopee 29,950
Everett 40,160
Fall River 129,828
Fitchburg- .... 42,419
Gloucester . . .* 24.398
Haverhill 49.180
Batavia ... 13*595
Richmond 25.080
Shelby ville ... 11,201
South Bend... 70.967
Terre Haute... 67,361
Vincennes 18,089
•Population in 1910.
showing1 decrease ; no
estimate since.
Iowa.
"Rnnnp 11 321
Beacon .. 11674
Binghamton .. 54! 864
Buffalo 475,781
Cohoes 25 292
Meridian ., .. 21,824
Natchez *ll 791
Corning 151676
Cortland 13,321
Vicksburg- .... 23.179
. *Population in 1910.
showing- decrease from
1900; no estimate
since.
Missouri.
Cape Girardeau.il, 146
Columbia 12,958
Hannibal 22,399
Independence . 11,964
Jefferson City. 13.712
Joplin 33 400
Dunkirk ... 21311
Elmira .. 38 °72
Holyoke 66,503
Fulton .. 12138
Lawrence 102,923
Leominster ... 21,365
Lowell 114,366
Lynn 104,534
Geneva 13.'915
Burlington ... 25.144
Cedar Rapids.. 38.033
Clinton 27 678
Glens Falls 17160
Gloversville . . 23 314
Hornell 14,857
Council Bluffs! 31.838
Davenport .... 49.618
Des Moines....l04.052
Dubuque 40,096
Fort Dodg-e.... 21.039
Iowa City 11.626
Maiden 52,243
Marlboroug-h . 15,285
Medford .. .. 26,681
Hudson 12,898
Ithaca ... 16 017
Jamestown . . . 37^431
Johnstown ... 10 678
Kingston 26,910
Melrose . . 17,724
New Bedford.. 121, 622
Newburyport.. 15.291
Newton 44,345
Kansas City... 305, 816
Moberly 13.047
St. Charles.... 10,498
St. Joseph 86.498
St. Louis 768.630
Sedalia 19 711
Lackawanna . 16.219
Little Falls... 13,653
Lockport 20,028
Middletown . . 15,810
Mount Vernon 37.991
New Rochelle. 29192
New York... 5. 737.892
Bronx 599 ''15
Keokuk * 14. 008
Marshalltown. 14.519
Mason City.... 14.938
Muscatine .... 17,713
Ottumwa 24,708
Sioux City 58,568
Waterloo 36.987
•Population in 1910.
showing- decrease; no
estimate since.
Kansas.
Atchison 16 785
North Adams. *22. 019
Northampton . 20,006
Pittsfield 39.678
Quincy 39.022
Revere 23,929
Salem 49 346
Springfield ... 41,'l69
Webb City 14,082
Montana.
Anaconda 10,631
Billings 15 1°3
Somerville. .. 88.618
Spring-field . . . 108,668
Taunton 36,610
Brooklyn .1,976,103
Manhattan.2,682.978
Queens ....379396
Richmond .. 99.800
Newburgh 29.893
Niagara Falls. 38,466
N. Tonawanda. 14,060
Ogdensburg . . 16,845
Waltham 31.011
Woburn 16 076
Butte .. .. 44.057
Worcester 166.106
•Population in 1910.
showing- decrease from
1900 ; no estimate since.
Michigan.
Adrian 11.570
Alpena 13.365
Ann Arbor 15.041
Battle Creek... 30.159
Bay City 48,390
Benton Harbor 11.099
Cadillac 10.158
Detroit 619,648
Great Falls.... •13,948
Helena . 13.789
Missoula 19.075
•Population in 1910.
showing decrease from
1900; no estimate
since.
Nebraska.
Beatrice 10 437
Chanute .. . 12.968
Coffey ville .. . 18,381
Fort Scott.... 10.564
Hutchinson .. 21,461
Independence 15.111
lola 11.396
Kansas City.. 102.096
Lawrence .... 13.477
Leavenworth * 19, 363
Parsons 15,952
Pittsburg- 18.340
Salina 12,470
Topeka 49 538
Oneonta ... 11200
Ossining 14.064
Oswego 24 2l9
Peekskill 19.034
Plattsburg . . 13 111
Port Chester. . 16.727
Poughkeepsie.. 30,029
Rensselaer ... 11,252
Rochester 264,714
Fremont 10.080
Grand Island.. 13.133
Hastings 11,292
Lincoln 46.957
Wichita 73,597
•Population in 1910.
showing1 decrease: no
estimate since.
Kentucky.
Ashland 12,195
Escanaba 15.854
Flint 57.386
Grand Rapids. 132.861
Hancock 12.578
Holland 12.459
Omaha 177,777
Nevada.
Reno 15,514
New Hampshire.
Berlin 13.892
Rome 24.259
Saratoga Spgs. 13.839
Schenectady ..103.774
Syracuse ... 158559
Troy 78.094
Ironwood 15.095
Ishpeming . . .* 12.448
Jackson 35.966
Concord 22.858
Dover 13 °76
Watertown . . . 30.404
Watervliet .... 15.622
White Plains.. 23.331
Yonkers 103,066
North Carolina.
Asheville 25.656
Charlotte 40.759
Durham 26 160
Covington 59.623
Frankfort 11.179
Henderson 12,312
Hopkinsville . 10,979
Lexington . . . 41.997
Louisville 240,808
Newport 32,133
Owensboro ... 18,070
Paducah 25,178
Louisiana.
Alexandria ... 16.232
Baton Roug-e.. 17,544
Lake Charles. 14.930
Keene 10.725
Laconia 11,745
Kalamazoo ... 50,408
Lansing- 44.499
Laurium 10.649
[Aldington 10.566
Nfanistee *12.381
tfarquette .... 12.555
VIenominee ...*10.507
Muskeg-on 27,434
Owosso 10.326
Pontiac .. 18006
Manchester ... 79.607
Nashua 27.541
Portsmouth .. 11,730
New Jersey.
Asbury Park.. 14.629
Atlantic City.. 59.515
Bayonne 72,204
Bridgeton 14.425
2amden 108.117
East Orange... 43.761
Elizabeth 88.830
Greensboro . . 20.171
High Point. . . 13.439
New Bern 10.509
Raleigh . . . 20 274
Port Huron.. . * 18,863
Saginaw 56.469
Wilmington . . 30.400
Winston-Salem. 33,136
226
North Dakota.
Fargo 17.87*3
Grand Forks.. 16.342
Ohio.
Akron 93,604
Pennsylvania.
Allentown .... 65,109
Wilkinsburg . 23,899
Williamsport . 34,123
York 52.770
•Population in 1910,
showing decrease from
1900; no estimate
since.
Rhode Island.
Central Falls.. 26,101
Cranston 26,773
Cumberland .. 10,968
E. Providence. 18,485
Lincoln 10 473
Vermont.
Barre 12,401
Beaver Falls... 13.749
Bethlehem 14.353
Braddock '2° 060
Burlington . . . 21,802
Rutland 15,038
Virginia.
Alexandria ... 17,939
Danville 20183
Lynchburg ... 33^97
Newport News 22,622
Norfolk' 91 148
Alliance 19,581
Bradford *14 544
Ashtabula .... 22,008
Barberton .... 14,187
Bellaire 14 575
Bristol .. .10 826
Butler 28 677
Carbondale ... 19,597
Carlisle 10,795
Cambridge . . . 13,804
Chillicothe ... 15,625
Cincinnati . . .414,2^8
Cleveland 692,259
Columbus . . . 220,1 35
Coshocton .... 11,887
Dayton 128,9.39
E. Cleveland.. 13,864
E. Liverpool.. 22,941
Elyria 19,508
Chambersburg . 12,475
Charleroi 12,304
Chester 41 857
Petersburg ... 25,817
Portsmouth .. 40,693
Richmond ...158,702
Roanoke 46,282
Staunton 11,823
Washington.
Aberdeen 21,392
Belling-ham ... 34,362
Newport 30,585
Coatesville ... 14,998
Columbia .... 11.454
Connellsville . 15.876
Dickson City.. 12,530
Du Bois . . 14 994
Pawtucket . . . 60,666
Providence ...259,805
Warwick 30.507
Woonsocket .. 45,365
South Carolina.
Anderson 12,687
Charleston ... 61,041
Columbia 35,165
Greenville . . . 18,574
Spartanburg .. 21,985
South Dakota.
Aberdeen 15,926
Sioux Falls... 16,266
Tennessee.
Chattanooga . 61,575
Jackson 17,946
Dunmore 21,286
Fostoria .... 10959
Duquesne 20.644
Easton 30,854
Edwardsville . 10,771
Erie 76,592
Hoquiam 12230
Seattle 366,445
Fremont 11 034
Hamilton 41,338
Spokane 157656
Ironton 14,079
Lakewood .... 23,813
Lancaster 16,086
Lima 37 145
Franklin 11,555
Gr.Punxsut'ney 10,745
Greensburg ... 15.881
Harrisburg ... 73.276
Hazleton 28.981
Homestead ... 23.071
Johnstown ... 70,473
Lancaster 51,437
Lansford 10,825
Vancouver . . . 13,805
Walla Walla.. 26,057
Yakima 22.058
Lorain 38,266
Mansfield 23,051
Marietta *14,785
Marion 24 1°9
West Virginia.
Bluefield .. .. 16 123
Johnson 11,885
Charleston . . . 31,060
Clarksburg . . 12,960
Fairmont .... 16,111
Huntington . . 47,686
Martinsbwrg . 12.984
Morgantown . 14,444
Moundsville .. 11,513
Parkersburg .. 21.059
Wheeling .... 43.657
Wisconsin.
Appleton 18.085
Ashland . *11 594
Martins Ferry. 10,135
Massillon 15,509
Middletown ... 16,384
Mount Vernon 10,877
New Phil'delp'a 10,133
Newark 30,317
Knoxville 59,112
Memphis 151,877
Lebanon 20,947
Nashville 118,136
Texas.
Abilene . . .14 954
Lewistown ... 11,126
McKees P.ocks. 20,795
McKeesport . . 48,299
Mahanoy City. 17,709
Meadville 13,968
Monessen 23,070
Mount Carmel. 20,709
Nanticoke .... 23,811
New Castle.... 41,915
Norristown . . . 31,969
N. Braddock... 15,684
Oil City 20 162
Amarillo 20,882
Austin 35612
Norwood 20,269
Piqua 14,275
Portsmouth ... 29,356
Sandusky 20,226
Spring-field ... 62,296
Steubenville .. 28,259
Tiffin 10 989
Beaumont . . . 28,851
Brownsville .. 13,590
Cleburne 12,553
Corpus Christi 10,789
Corsicana 10,066
Dallas 1°9 738
Beloit 18i547
Toledo 202,010
Warren 1-3, .308
Youngstown ..112,282
Zanesville .... 31.320
•Population in 1910,
showing1 decrease from
1900: no estimate
since.
Oklahoma.
Ardmorp 10,963
Denison .. . 14964
Eau Claire.. . . 18,887
Fond du Lac. . 21,486
Green Bay 30,017
Janesville . . . 14,411
Kenosha 32,833
LaCrosse 31,833
El Paso 69,149
Fort Worth... 109,597
Galveston 42,650
Greenville . . . 10,301
Houston 116,878
Old Forg-e 15,479
Olyphant 10,200
Philadelphia.1,735,514
Phoenix 11 871
Pittsburgh' ...586,196
Pittston 18 975
Laredo 15,894
Marshall 14,076
Madison 31,315
Manitowoc ... 13,931
Mnrinette • 14,610
Milwaukee .. .445,008
Oshkosh 36,549
Racine 47,465
Sheboygan . . . 28,907
Superior 47,167
Wausau 19.666
•Population in 1910,
showing decrease from
1900:. no estimate
since.
Wyoming.
Cheyenne *11,320
Sheridan 13,407
•Population in 1910.
showing decrease from
1900: no estimate
since.
stimates.]
Year. Pop.
(1913 348 130
Plymouth 19,439
Pottstown 16,987
Pottsville 2° 717
Palestine 12,075
Paris 12,663
San Angelo...*10,321
San Antonio. .128,215
Sherman 13,848
Temple 13 904
Chickasha .. . 16,234
Enid 21,356
Guthrie > 12,098
Reading- 111,607
Scranton 149,541
Shamokin .... 21,274
Sharon 19 156
McAlester .... 19,398
Muskogee 47,173
Oklahoma City 97.588
Sapulpa 13,678
Texarkana . . . 13,099
Tvler .. . 12,101
thenandoah .. 29,753
. Bethlehem. 24.886
Waco 34.015
Wichita Falls. 12,749
•Population in 1910.
showing decrease from
1900; no estimate
since.
Utah.
Ogden 32 343
Shawnee 19,051
TnlQa 3° ^07
unbury 16,661
Oregon.
Astoria 10,487
Tamaqua 11.062
Taylor 12 563
Uniontown ... 21.600
Warren 15,083
Washing-ton . . 22,076
West Chester.. 13,403
Wilkes-Barre . 78,334
Eugene .. . 14,257
Medf ord 14 932
Portland 308,399
Salem 21,274
Provo ... . 10 923
Salt LakeCity.121,623
LARGEST CITIES
[Population according- to latest ce
City. Year. Pop. City. "5
Aachen 1910 156 143 Amoy
OF THE WORLD.
tisus reports or official e
fear. Pop. City.
1917 114,000 Bahiat
19111 152,756 Baku
1917 640,993 Baltim
1912 312.884 Bangal
L913 162.482 Bangkc
1917 120,000 Barcelc
1907 H67.479 Baredllj
1917 196 144 Bari
Aberdeen 1918 166564 AmHtsar
1913 237000
Adelaide* 1917 2
Agra 1911 1
25,317 Amsterdam ...
85.449 Antwerp
15.835 Astrakhan ....
06.632 Asuncion
yre .1917 594.637
ore .1911 189,485
k . .1910 628,675
na .1917 621.419
r .. .(1911 129.462
1915 109 218
Ahmedabad ...1911 2
Albany 1917 1
Aleppot 1912 2
50.000 Athens
44.617 Atlanta
72.397 Auckland
71.697 Augsburg
72,628 Bagdad ..
Alexandria ....1917 4
Alg-er 1911 1
Allahabad ....1911 1
Altona . ...1910 1
1916 133.712 Banner
1910 102.487 Basel
1912 225.000 Batavij
i 1910 169.214
...1918 137100
i . ...1915 138.551
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
227
City. Year. Pop.
Beirutt 1912 150 000
City. Year. Pop.
Erfurt 1910 111 463
City. Year. POP.
Lynn 1917 104 534
Belem Braziit 1913 275,167
Essen 1910 294,653
Lyons 1911 523796
Belfast . .1917 393,000
Fall River 1917 129,828
Madras 1911 518 660
Benares ..1911 203.804
Ferrara 1915 102,550
Madrid 1917 648 760
Berlin 1910 2 071,257
Florence 1915 242,147
Madura '1911 134 130
Bern ...1918 105,000
Fort Worth ...1917 109,597
Magdeburg1 1910 279 629
Bilbao ........1917 100,461
Frankfort 1910 414,576
Mainz 1910 110 634
Birmingham,
Fuchowt 1912 624,000
Malaga 1917 140975
Eng- 1914 870,211
Fukuoka 1916 101,100
Malmo 1917 112 521
Binni rig-ham,
Ala ...1917 189,716
Bochutn. 1910 136,931
Gelsenkirchen .1910 169,513
Geneva 1918 139,500
Genoa 1915 300,139
Manchester,
England -1917 660,143
Mandalay 1911 138 299
Bogota . ...1912 139,237
Ghent 1912 167477
Manila 1910 ^34 409
Bologna 1915 189.770
Glasg-ow . ...1918 1,111,428
Mannheim 1910 193 902
Bolton 1911 180,851
Bombay .1911 979,445
Gomel 1913 104.582
Goteborg- 1917 196 994
Marseilles ....1911 550,619
Meerut '1911 116 °27
Bordeaux 1911 261,678
Boston 1917 767,813
Grand Rapids. .1917 132,861
Grazt 1914 156500
Melbourne ....1917 708,240
Memphis 1917 151 877
Bradford 1917 266,338
Guadalajara 1910 118 799
Messina 1915 150 000
Bremen . ...1910 247,437
Guayaquil 1915 105 000
Breslau !.:.... 1910 512,105
Hakodate 1916 102400
Milan 1915 663,059
BcSOTt'.....1917 124.724
Halifax, Eng-.. 1914 100,701
Halle 1910 180,843
Milwaukee ....1917 445,008
Minneapolis ...1917 373,448
Brighton. Eng.1917 113,635
Minsk . . 1913 117 600
Brisbane* '1917 173.504
Bristol. Eng-...1917 334,814
Brunnf 1914 131,800
Germany ....1910 101,703
Hamburg- 1910 931,035
Hang-chowt 1917 684 137
Montevideo ...1918 378,993
Montreal 1910. 470,480
Moscow 1915 1 817 100
Brunswick ....1910 143.552
Brussa.
Hankowf ...I'.! 1917 l,32l',284
Hanover 1910 302 375
Mukden 1911 158,132
Mulheim 1910 112 580
Turkeyf ....1912 110,000
Brussels* 1912 663,647
Hartford 1917 112,831
Havana 1916 360,517
Munich 1910 596,467
Murcia 1917 133,012
Bucharest 1917 308,628
Budapest 1910 880,371
Havre 1911 136,159
Helsingiors ...1915 176,521
Nag-asaki 1916 136,800
Nag-oya . . . 1916 389 272
Buffalo 1916 475,781
Hiroshima ....1916 167,400
Nagpur 1911 101,415
Cairo Egrpt...l917 790,939
Calcutta* ....1911 1,122,313
Cambridge. HAOQQ
Hongkong- 1911 366,145
Houston 1917 116,873
Huddersfield ...1914 111,031
Hull 1914 287,472
Nancy 1911 119,949
Nankingrt 1917 377,459
Nantes 1911 170,535
Naples 1915 697,917
Camden 1917 108,117
Cantont 1917 900,000
n^T-Hiff 1 Q1 7 169440
Hyderabad ....1911 500,623
Indianapolis ..1917 283,622
Irkutsk 1913 129,760
Nashville 1917 118,136
Neukolln. Ger.1910 237,289
Newark. N. J..1917 418,789
Carlsruhe ....1910 134,331
Cartag-ena ....1910 102,542
Onssel 1910 153 196
Ivanovo 1910 168,498
Jaipur 1911 137,098
Jersey City.... 1917 312,557
New Bedford.. 1917 12-1,622
Newcastle-upon-
Tyne 1913 266,551
Catania '".'..'. '...1915 217'.389
Johannesburg- .1918 255,000
New Haven ...1917 152,275
Cawnpore .....1911 178,557
Changshat ....1917 53o,800
Jubbulpore ...1911 100,651
Kanazawa,
Japan '1916 129 100
New Orleans... 1917 377,016
New York ....1917 5,737,492
Nice 1911 142 940
Charlottenburgl910 30o,978
Chemnitz 1910 287,807
Chicagot 1917 2 547,201
Kansas City.... 1917 305,816
Kansas City,Ks.l917 102,096
Nikolayer ....1913 106,279
Ningpot 1912 350,000
Ohinkiangf ....1917 168.309
Christiania ....1918 259,445
Chung-kingt ...1917 425,000
Cholon 1915 168.100
Cincinnati ....1917 414,248
Karachi 1911 151,903
Kazan 1913 195,300
Kharkov 1913 258,360
Kiel 1910 2.11,627
Kiev 1913 610,100
Nizhni-Novgorod
1913 112,300
Norwich. Eng-..1917 109.877
Nottingham ..1917 236.85a
Nurnberg- 1910 333,142
Oakland 1917 206405
Cleveland 1917 69-3. 2r>9
Colog-ne 1910 516,527
Colombo 1011 213 396
Hull 1917 246,357
Kishinev 1913 128,700
Odessa 1912 631.04O
Oldham 1917 133,721
Kobe 1916 498,315
Omaha . ..1917 177777
Kokand 1911 118 854
Omsk 1913 135 800
Konigsberg- .. 1910 245,994
Oporto 1911 194,009
Kure 1916 135 900
Oran 1911 123086
Kvoto ., ...1916 539,153
Orenburg- 1913 146,800
Lahore . 1911 228 687
Osaka . .. 1916 1 460 218
Cracowt 1914 171 000
La Pazt 5915 100.097
Padua 1915 105.135
Cre-feld 1910 129 406
La Plata 1912 106,382
Palermo 1915 345.891
Dacca 1911 108,551
Lawrence,
Paris 1911 2,888.110
DtiiTs. ::;... .1917 129,758
Mass 1917 102,923
Leeds 1914 457,507
Paterson 1917 140,512
Pa,tua 1911 136,153
Danzig- . ...1910 170,337
Leicester .1917 212,433
Pekin 1917 1,000,000
Davton 1917 i28,939
Leipsic 1910 589,850
Perm 1913 105,410
Delhi 1911 232,837
Lembergt 1914 212,000
Pernambucot .1913 216,484
Denver 1917 268,439
Des Moines....l917 104.052
Detroit 1917 619.648
Lille 1911 217,807
Lima 1913 143.500
Lisbon . ...1911 435,359
Australia ....1917 130,000
Petrograd 1915 2,318.645
Philadelphia .1917 1,735.514
Dresden 1910 548,308
Liverpool . ...1917 716,140
Pingyangt ....1912 146,000
Dublin 1917 393000
Livorno 1915 108.585
Pittsburgh ...1917 586.196
•niviaVvYiTvr IQIrt OOQ 4.8"*
Lodz 1913 4>15 604
Plauen 1910 121 272
Dundee 1918 181.777
Dusseldorf ....1910 358,728
Dvinsk . ...1910 110,912
Edinburg-h ....1918 333,883
viv.o~fai/l 1 Q1 O 1 7O 1 95
London.Greaterl917 6.726,753
Los Angeles... 191 7 535,485
Louisville 1917 240.808
Lowell 1917 114,306
Lucknow 1911 259.798
Plymouth, Eng.1917 179.375
Poona 1911 158.856
Port au Princel912 100.000
Porto Alegret.1913 150.343
Posen 1910 156.691
228
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
City. Year.
Portland. Ore.. 1917
Portsmouth.
England ....1917
Praguef .. •• 1914
POP.
308.399
198,527
541,500
118,118
259,895
101,214
179,600
293.310
lid, 607
115.178
137,600
158,702
569,100
1,128,637
264,714
590,960
222,592
204,725
640,993
122.723
124,987
105,089
100,000
148,656
768.630
252.465
232.970
120,904
160,000
121.623
144.000
128,215
471,023
397,550
450,000
100.600
235,300
172.823
149,541
City. Year.
Seattle 1917
Pop.
366,445
104,700
278,958
164.322
1,000,000
469,293
303,321
375,000
156,752
118,378
102,812
122.577
110.604
157,656
108.668
126,344
236.113
413,163
124,326
239,515
178,891
286,218
500,000
152.436
114.863
114,663
777,300
158,559
118.328
200,000
117,446
272.300
350.000
344.636
800,000
327,800
2,349,830
202.010
116.664
City. Year.
Toronto .1911
376,538
104.582
149.576
113,974
122.028
246,500
100.817
140,620
277.083
451.994
106,200
135,368
245.871
201,507
100,401
168,038
2,149,800
204.220
108.900
909,491
369.282
100,000
294.476
109,002
109,716
136.035
166,106
108,610
120,400
107,360
220,446
428.663
103, 066
112,282
124.455
213,900
Estimated.
Sendai . ...1916
Toulon 1911
Seoul 1912
Toulouse 1911
Trenton 1917
Seville 1917
Preston 1914
Shang-hait 1917
Sheffield . . 1917
Trichinopoly .1911
Trieste! 1914
Providence — 1917
Puebla 1910
Singapore 1911
Smyrnat 1912
Tsaritsyn
Puket 1910
Tula . 1913
Rangroon . 1911
Soerabaya 1915
Soerakarta ....1915
Sofia 1910
Tunist 1911
Reading-. Pa.... 1917
Reims 1911
Turin 1915
Ufa 1913
Utrecht 1917
Reval 1913
Southampton .1914
South Shiedds.1914
Spokane 1917
Richmond ....1917
Rigra 1913
Valencia 191 7
Valparaiso ...1916
Vancouver ....1911
Venice 1915
Rio de Janeiro 1911
Rochester, N.Y.1917
Rome 1915
Spring-field
Mass .1917
Srinagrar 1911
Vienna 1914
Rosariot 1918
Rostov-on.-Don.1913
Rotterdam ....1917
Roubaix 191CL
Stettin ...1910
Vilna 1913
Stockholm ....1917
Stockport 1914
St<oke-on-Trent 1 9 14
Strassfourg — 1910
Stuttg-art 1910
Suchowf 1917
Sunderland ...1914
Siirat .1911
Vitebsk .... 1913
Warsaw 1913
Washington ..1917
Wenchowf ....1912
West Ham 1914
Wiesbaden ....1910
Wilmersdorf ..1910
Winnipeg- 1911
Worcester,
Masis* 1917
Rouen 1911
Saarbrucken .1910
Saigon 1915
St. Etienne ...1911
St. Louis 1917
St Paul 1917
Swansea 1911
Sydney.N.S.W.*1917
Syracuse 1917
Salford . ..1914
Saliany, Rusi.. 19-13
Salonikif .. 1913
Wuhut 1917
Yaroslav 1913
Yekaterinodar.1913
Yekaterinoslav.1912
Yokohama ....1916
Yonkers .. 1917
Szeg-ed a910
Tabrizt 1918
Tacoma 1917
Salt Lake City.1917
Samara 1913
San Antonio.. 1917
San Francisco. 1917
Santiago, Chilel916
Sao Paulot....l911
Sapporo 1916
Tashkent 1913
Teherant 1918
The Hagrue ...1917
Tientsint 1912
Tiflis 1913
Youngstown ..1917
Zarog-oza,
Spain 1917
Saratov 1913
Tokyo 1917
Zurich 1918
*With suburbs, tl
Schoeneberg- ..1910
Scranton 1917
Toledo 1917
Tomsk . ...1913
RANK OF LARGEST CITIES.
opulation.
6,726,753
5.737,492
2,888,110
2,547,201
2.318,645
City.
Tokyo (1916)
Rank. Population.
6 2.244,796
Vienna (1914)
7 2,149 800
Berlin (1910)
. R 9. f»71 9.S7
* Greater. Estimated civil population in 1917.
tWithin limits.
City Ran
London* 1
New Yorkf (1917) 2
Paris (1911) 3
Chicag-o (1917) 4
Petrograd U915) 5
WORLD'S IRON AND STEEL OUTPUT.
[From the London ^Economist, May 31. 1919.]
United United
kingdom. States. Germany.*
Year. Pig- Iron. Long- tons. Lone" tons. Metric tons.
1900 t 8.960,000 13,789,000 8.521,000
1905 , 9.608.000 22,992.000 10.988,000
1910 10.012,000
1911
1912
1913 ,
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
Steel.
1900
1905
1910 ,
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916 ,
1917
1918
* Including- Luxemburg- up to October. 1918. I emburg-. Saar district, and the
•The returns lor November and December, Lorraine province. tNo return.
1918. do not include the production ol Lux- | steel castings.
27,304,000 14.793,000
9,526,000 23,650,000 15,534,000
8 751,000 29,727,000 17,753,000
10.'260,000 30.966,000 19,292,000
8,924.000 23.332,000 14,392,000
8.794,000 29,916,000 11.790,000
9.048,000 39.435,000 13,285,000
9.420,000 38,621,000 13,142,000
9,066,000 39.052,000 *11.590.000
4.901.000 10,188,000 6.646,000
5,812,000 20,024,000 10.067,000
6,374,000 26,095.000 13,699,000
6,462.000 23.676,000 15.019;000
6.796,000 31.261,000 17.302.000
7,664,000 31.301,000 18.959,000
7.885,000 23,513.000 14.973,000
t 8,550, 000 32,151.000 13.258.000
1 9.196.000 42.774,000 16.183,000
$9,804.000 45.061,000 16.587,000
t 9.591,000 45.073,000 *14. 874,000
France.
Metric tons.
2,714.000
3.077,000
4.032,000
4,426,000
4.939.000
5,207,000
t
t
1.447.000
1,684.000
1.297.000
1.565,000
2,240,000
3,390.000
3,681,000
4.428,000
4.687,000
t
1.952,000
2.232,000
1.912,000
disannexed
t Including-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
229
DISTANCES BETWEEN AMERICAN CITIES.
By the shortest usually traveled railroad routes. [Compiled from the war department's official
table of distances.]
FROM 8^
New York.
Chicago.
4
Xi
St. Louis.
a
Baltimore
Cleveland
n
I*
gl
CO
,-a
I5
ll
0
Milwau-
kee.
New Or-
leans.
Washing-
ton.
i.
1 ,
To
Albany
Mis.
145
876
188
21 r
442
912
Mis.
832
'525
MIS.
236
785
97
321
416
821
666
493
546
1,843
669
1,300
2.219
1.691
815
2,361
734
892
1.251
3,058
780
1,066
906
1.241
1,140
477
8:
2,315
1,314
'"353
436
3,113
28
62
25
36
1,30
97
1.23
1,85
3,09
3.0(iC
2,72
23
1,10
61
13
Mis.
1,028
611
934
1,230
731
284
341
548
428
916
488
728
1,245
860
465
1
2.084
274
311
369
586
647
1,051
1.056
1.141
699
1,065
1 414
Mis.
202
"499
1,034
926
682
820
2.056
750
1.513
2.414
2,012
878
2,574
965
1,213
1.466
3.273
1,040
1.387
1,119
1,454
1.461
330
221
160'
217
2.528
1,52"
32
674
11
3,32
4
402
57i
1.28
1.44
2.15C
3,306
3.2T
2,934
91
1,42
79
45.
Mis.
333
688
"iis
398
802
593
474
511
1,850
649
1.281
2.179
1,594
796
H
1,211
3,018
705
969
887
1,222
1,043
574
179
264
1,184
188
2,2%
1,295
531
3,094
378
718
155
354
1,26
934
1,21
1,755
3.07
2.94
2.70-
32
1.00
59
4
Mis.
480
736
474
682
183
357
244
"138
1,379
173
701
1,703
1,408
332
1,897
283
1,085
755
2,562
358
738
442
777
1,029
623
1
1,851
1,750
493
135
797
2,649
682
795
553
251
875
548
76"
1,468
2.63
2.59<
2,25-
583
1,29-
113
43"
Mis.
297
919
3i«
499
"525
427
183
321
1.537
251
1,004
1.915
1,591
379
2,065
466
1,193
967
2,774
541
921
610
945
1,212
434
405
445
2,01t
1,018
416
270
614
2,817
499
612
553
68
1,058
731
935
1.651
2,799
2.7t>4
2,425
400
1,405
296
438
Mis.
3.106
2,805
3.076
3.308
2,799
2,274
2.572
2.631
2.588
1.371
2,546
2.238
1.287
2.157
2.452
1.250
2.457
3.098
1,981
475
2.468
2.439
2.359
2.096
2.623
3.115
3.177
3.254
2.4J
1.781
3.09;
3.30*
3.281"
3,153
2.877
1.867
2,194
2.08fe
1,91
'"957
l,20a
3.20^
3.31
Mis.
567
805
334
674
270
468
313
135
947
1,866
1,481
462
2,008
381
1,057
898
2,705
427
807
55S
'704
435
520
1,142
444
1.982
961
353
'63<
876
41"
338
948
621
878
1.541
2.742
2.707
2,36*
58?
l,26i
261
305
Mis.
724
492
593
926
427
298
"244
116
1,257
263
777
1,586
1,157
308
1,838
111
841
&
114
494
383
718
785
826
748
833
829
'791
666
313
1.041
2,590
926
1,039
581
495
668
341
708
1,21'
2.575
2,53'
2,19*
82-
1,05:
20-:
5»;
Mis.
917
IS?
1,119
610
85
383
442
399
422
1.550
1,229
263
1,455
268
1,182
543
2,350
389
612
Mis.
1,517
496
1.184
1,602
1,256
912
829
1,073
935
1,347
1.092
1,447
1,195
410
LOW.
881
39t
997
1,285
141
1,655
1,363
1,448
T.372
1.89
1,080
128
1,14
1.71
2.74
1.56
1.827
1.04t
1.324
94
69J
1.27c
57
2.48',
2,93
2.53J
1,51
82J
1.03'
1.14-
Mis.
1,142
648
40
458
438
790
553
437
471
1,810
655
1,269
2,139
1,554
764
2,320
664
755
1,171
2,978
663
929
875
1,210
1,003
614
Mis.
1,252
1,158
1,2?2
1,454
945
420
718
777
734
884
692
162
1,521
1,840
598
1,119
603
1,61T
575
2,301
724
897
336
"i',233
1323
L400
l',332
1,316
381
1,241
888
1,569
2042
1,454
1,433
1,299
1,023
485
586
10
1.320
2,096
1,818
47S*
1,355
1,729
1.664
1.210
Buffalo
Chicago
757
584
687
1,934
693
1.391
2.310
'iff
2,4o2
825
983
1,342
3,149
871
1,157
997
1,332
1,23
1(
1,372
'2.496
1,405
9
444
332
3,20-
59
34
37
1.392
1.06
1.32
1.94
3,18f
3.15
2,81
13
'7ft
228
298
357
314
1,022
272
479
1.465
1,144
178
1,540
183
1,097
458
2,265
304
527
£
929
841
903
980
912
912
1,494
493
82
2>29<
1.034
1,013
87S
603
470
284
410
1,204
2,27
2.23
1,90*
935
1.30-
24
Cleveland
Detroit
Galveston
Grand Rapids.Micb
Helena
Indianapolis
Jacksonville, Fla...
Kansas City ....
Los Angeles
Louisville
Milwaukee
Minneapolis
335
1,014
926
988
1,065
997
997
1.579
578
906
553
1.234
2.378
I J.119
' 1,098
964
688
555
8C9
32o
1.28
2.K5
2.154
1.81
1.020
1.39
32<)
87
Mobile
Newark, N. J
New Haven
219
304
1,144
228
9&
'is
302
57
3,08
41
78f
11
39^
1,22
89
1.201
1.71
» 3.06
3,0?
) 2,691
L 36
$ 96
> 5'.
1
New York
Omaha
413
974
621
1.34S
2.212
1.23C
1,34.
91g
327
92C
2,liW
2,335
1,935
1.131
1,18'
437
894
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh ,.
Portland Me .
Portland. Ore
Providence
Quebec
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y....
St. Joseph, Mo
St Louis
St. Paul
San Antonio
San Francisco
Seattle
Spokane
Springfield. Mass..
Tampa, Fla..;
Toledo
Wnshington
DISTANCES BETWEEN
To Principal European Ports.
Distances in nautical miles traversed by full
powered steamships in traveling- from Boston.
New York. Philadelphia and Baltimore to Lon-
don, Liverpool. Glasgow, Antwerp, Hamburg and
Havre by northern and southern routes. [Com-
puted by United States hydrographic office.]
From— North- South-
Boston (Boston lightship) to— ern. ern.
London 3.139 3.258
Liverpool 2.896 3.033
* GR
Fn
GlE
An
Phil
Ha
Ha
Balti
Lo
Lh
Gls
An
Ha
Ha
Glas
Mo
St.
Bo
Ne
Ph
Ba
Ne
Ga
EAT
jm —
sg-ow
twerp
idelpl
mbur
vre .
SEAPORTS.
No
•
...3
rth-i
rn.
132
501
to—
763
307
606
363
282
651
913
457
s.
864
673
776
951
104
South-
ern.
3.295
3.611
3,873
3.417
3.716
3.491
3.445
3.761
4,023
3.567
2.864
2.830
2.934
3.099
3.252
3.406
3,283
4.532
4.708
3
iia (Market street wharf)
? 3
3
more
ndon
rerpoc
sg-ow
twerp
mbur
vre .
I
row (
ntrea
John
ston
w Yo
iladel
timor
wport
w Orl
Ivesto
(the basin) to —
3
i .:::.::::::::..:::::'&
3.
3.
Antwerp 3.1
Hamburg- 3.4<
"" Havre 2 fl
34 3.303
16 3.565
30 3,109
L3 3.423
70 3.198
S9 3.152
58 3.468
?0 3.730
34 3,274
to—
56 3.566
L3 3.341
? ...
'rom
Green
1 by s
, Ne\
(navy
rk (t
ahia
Othei
ock )
outh
f Brv
yarc
he BE
3.
3.
• European Port
to—
of Cape Race.2.
nswick 2,
) 2.
New York (the Battery) to— Londo
ti.3.3
.3.0
..2.9
Gla sg-ow
Hamburg"
.3.6
3 1
ittery) 2.
Havre
Q
Philadelphia (Market street wharf)
London 3.4
Liverpool . ...3.2
News J 3.135
eans 4.486
n . ,...4.662
230
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
From— North- South-
Southampton to— ern. ern.
Montreal 3059 3059
all-water routes. [From "Transportation Routes
and Systems of the World." by O. P. Austin of
the bureau of statistics, Washington. D. C.]
St. John, New Brunswick 2,817 2,923
New New San Pt Town-
Boston (navy yard) . 2 920 3 027
New York (the Battery) 3,095 3,192
Aden ' . 6.532 7,870* 11,500 'll,300
Philadelphia 3 248 3,345
Antwprn 3 358 4 853 13 671 14 446
Baltimore 3,402 3,499
Batavia ' *"lo'l8° 11598 7800 7600
Newport News , 3,279 3,376
Rnmbav " 8'l°0 9536 9780 9580
New Orleans 4 620 4,625
Brest ' °'954 4*458 13>009 13 984
Galveston 4 796 4 801
"Rnonr>c"Ai:rpc ' " ^'fifiS 6*318 7*511 8*286
Bremen to — Montreal 3.534 3,534
St. John, New Brunswick 3,292 3,398
Calcutta 9 830 11,239 8,990 8,896
Callao .. .::. 9.603 10.142 4,012 4,769
Boston (navy yard).. ...3.395 3.502
Cinp Tnwn 6815 7374 10454 11,229
New York (the Battery) 3570 3,667
Colombo ' S'610 10*146 8900 8700
Philadelphia * 3'.723 3,820
' l'981 1*380 *3*324 *4.090
Baltimore ., 3,877 3,851
rVhrpltVr'" ' S*°07 4*576 12734 13,509
Newport News 3 754 3,851
wSSHJ 3620 5*^43 13998 14773
New Orleans 5.095 5,100
' 1227 '597 12*900 13,675
Galveston 5.271 5,276
Havre . ::::::: 3:i<8 4,760 13:307 14,082
Hotterdam to— Montreal 3.293 3,293
St. John, New Brunswick 3051 3,157
-iV§S i§-?8 i'8S? I:I?8
Boston (navy yard) 3 154 3,261
Liv^rnool 3 070 4553 13503 14*278
New York (the Battery) .. ...3.329 3,426
Manila '"ll*556 12*946 6*,289 5,993
Philadelphia . ..3482 3,579
Makefiles 3876 5*66 13324 14,099
Baltimore 3 636 3 733
TVfpi>»mirnp ' " 1° 670 12933 7040 7,311
Newport News.. ...3.513 3,610
Naples 4 172 5 561 13,699 14,474
New Orleans.. . . ..4854 4,859
isr^w nripnns 1 741 13 539 14,298
Galveston 5.030 5,035
New York "i*74i 13,089 13,848
Copenhagen (via English channel) to —
Nome .V.'ilK^O 16!249 2,705
Montreal . . 3 834 3 834
rMttaiL fS 370 6 760 14 897 15,672
St John New Brunswick 3 592 3 698
Pprnambnoo''' 3696 3969 9439 10214
Boston (navy yard) 3.695 3.802
SSSSad 1 6223 1 14960 f!5 730
New York (the Battery) 3 870 3 967
Port Said 5122 6509 12810 12,610
Philadelphia.. ...4.023 4.120
Baltimore . 4 177 4,274
Pnnta Arena 6 890 7340 6199 6,958
Newport News 4 054 4 151
Eunta Arenas. b.»90 ^.||^ °'377 4 Q53
New Orleans... .5,395 5,400
R?n d£ Janeiro 4778 5 218 8*339 9,114
Galveston ... 5 571 5 576
Sn Franriseo 13 089 13 539 . 775
Marseilles to Montreal 3 873 3 873
n iS? P R 14*8 1 539 l2i99 12,974
St. John, New Brunswick 3.605 3,620
Boston (navy yard) 3.708 3.724
If! Ill
New York (the Battery) 3.883 3,889
Philadelphia 4 036 4 042
TShSantPwec ' 1^*036 ±812 1f2.189 H2.964
Genoa to— Montreal.. . ...4,040 4.040
SSSSSSS^ 8460 8733 5140 5.902
St John New Brunswick 3 772 3 787
Vladivostok" '17036 17445 4,706 4,357
Boston (navy yard) 3 875 3 891
VMltartn? 11 500 11773 5909 6,415
New York (the Battery) 4,050 4,056
General Table.
Nautical miles from New York. New Orleans,
San Francisco and Port Townsend by shortest
Yofohlma "JjSjSl liSl 4,536 4,240
*Via Panama canal. tApproximately. iEast-
ern end railroad. Western end.
GOVERNMENT RECLAMATION PROJECTS (1918). ^
State. Project. 192a677
Arizona. .* . ...................... ».Scilt lviV6r. .... rt* f\r\f\
Arizona-California Yuma HX'eoo
California Orland
vaicy..
Boise ......... ...................... 3?I'««2
Idaho ........................... King Hill ........................... ^if'flZS
^Minidoka ........................... ^i'SSn
fHuntley ................................
Milk river
*
Montana
..
Flathead .......................... 134.500
Fort Peck
Montana-North Dakota.. ...Lower Yellowstonj
Nebraska-Wyoming ............... North Platto
Nevada ............... . . Truckee-Carson ....................
New Mexico . ...Carlsbad
New Mexico-Texas ............... Rio Grande
North Dakota ......... .. .' ..... North Dakota pumping:
Oregon ............................ Umatilla
Oregon-California ................ Klamath
South Dakota ......... ..Belle Fourche ......................
Utah .............. ... Strawberry valley ...................
rOkanogan
Washine-tnti Mfakima — Storape unit
Washington ......... ........... J Sunnyside unit .....................
_ . I Tieton unit ........................
Wyoming ......................... Shoshone
152-?9g
60. 11'
nnn
206,000
24,775
26.273
36.300
141.682
97.916
50.000
10,099
110.828
33,422
147,228
Cost.t
$14.938,400
9.368,248
1.020,989
3.269,388
7.167,189
12,470,748
170,896
5.884,684
1,718.480
5,672,835
3.458.679
1,012,645
3,374,516
650,442
2,912,797
9.357,011
6,216,635
1,398,060
8.140,836
736,801
2.377,299
2,973,054
3.470,868
3.469,872
851,145
3.744.003
3,282,142
3,215.410
5,528,548
127,852,619
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
231
UNITED STATES MORTALITY STATISTICS.
[Bureau of the census report.]
DEATHS PER 1.000 OF POPULATION IN
THE REGISTRATION AREA.
Annual average.
1906-10.1914.1915.1916.1917.
Registration area 15.1 13.6 13.5 14.0 14.2
Registration states. ..15.0 13.4 13.3 13.9 14.0
.3 14.5 14.2 15.0 15.2
12.3 12.3 12.9 13.0
The registration area in 1916 included, twen-
ty-eight states and the District of Columbia,
containing- estimated population of 75,307,906.
The total number of deaths reported in this
area in 1917 was 1,066.942.
In Registration States.
Death rates per 1,000 population.
1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 191?.
California 14.2 14.5 13.6 13.7 13.5 13.8
Colorado 11.6 11.5 11.2 11.3 10.3 10.9
Connecticut ....14.9 15.0 15.1 14.9 16.J
Dist. of Col 18.3 17.3 16.6 18.1 17.*
16.5
17.9
Indiana 13.0 13.3 12.9 12.7 13.6 14.0
9.8 10.1 10.9 11.2
Kentucky ..I... 12.9 13.1 12.9 12.3 12.6 13.7
Maine 15.5 15.3 15.1 15.6 15.7 15.0
Maryland 15.5 16.2 15.9 15.8 16.5 17.1
Massachusetts .15.0 15.0 14.7 14.5 15.2 15.0
Michigan 13.4 13.9 13.4 13.4 15.1 15.2
Minnesota 9.5 10.4 10.6 10.1 10.7 10.3
Missouri . ...12.6 12.4 12.3 12.1 12.9 13.3
Montana 10.1 12.0 11.2 11.4 12.6 13.9
New Hampshire 16.4 17.1 16.3 16.1 16.1 16.8
New Jersey 14.1 14.3 14.2 13.8 15.0 14.5
New York 15.0 15.0 14.7 14.6 14.8 14.7
North Carolina. 17.3 16.8 19.0 17.3 13.1 14.0
Ohio .. ...13.4 13.8 13.0 13.1 14.4 14.8
Pennsylvania ..14.0 14.6 13.9 13.8 14.6 14.8
Rhode Island... 15.2 15.0 14.7 14.8 15.5 19.2
South Carolina 13.8 14.3
South Dakota
Tennessee 13.4
Utah 9.9 11.0 10.1 9.9 10.4 10.4
Vermont 15.2 15.8 15.0 14.7 15.6 15.0
Virginia 13.9 14.0 14.2 14.7 14.3
Washington 7.9 8.5 8
8.1 7.7 7.6
Wisconsin ...... 11.3 11.5 11.1 10.8 11.8 11.5
All reg\ states 14.6 14.7 13.4 13.9 13.9 14.0
Blanks indicate that the states concerned
were not registration states in the yearns speci-
fied. _
DEATH RATES IN AMERICAN CITIES.
Annual average per 1.000 of population.
City. 1906-10.1914.1915.1916.
Albany. N. Y ............ 18.6 19.4 20.0 19.3
Atlanta, Ga.* ........... 19.4 16.5 15.1
Baltimore. Md.* ........ 19.5 18.1 17.1
Birmingham. Ala.* ........ 17.5 15.6
Boston. Mass ........... 17.9 16.1 16.1
Bridgeport. Conn ....... 15.5 15.0 15.4
Buffalo. N. Y .......... 16.0 15.5 14.9
Cambridge. Mass ....... 15.1 13.2 13.1
Chicago. Ill ............. 14.9 14.2 14.3
Cincinnati. 0 ........... 18.1 16.0 15.6
Cleveland. 0 ............ 14.1 12.8 13.4
Columbus. 0 ............ 15.1 14.8 14.0
Dayton, 0 ............... 15.5 13.8 13.6
Denver. Col ............ 17.5 13.2 13.3
.
15.3
18.1
14.1
16.9
19.4
City.
Detroit, Mich 14.8
Fall River. Mass 19.7
Grand Rapids. Mich... 13.3
Indianapolis, Ind 15.2
Jersey City, N. J 17.7
Kansas City. Mo 14.6
Los Angeles. Cr.l 14.8
Louisville. Ky.* 17.4
Lowell. Mass 19.4
1906-10. 1914. 1915. 1916.
Memphis, Tenn.*.
Milwaukee. Wis
Minneapolis, Minn...
Nashville. Tenn.*
Newark. N. J
New Haven. Conn
20.6
.13.7
.11.0
.19.3
.17.2
.17.3
New Orleans. Ln.*... .21.7
New York, N. Y 16.9
Oakland. Cal 15.4
Omaha. Neb 13.8
Paterson. N. J. 15.7
Philadelphia. Pa 17.7
Pittsburgh. Pa 18.0
Portland. Ore 10.3
Providence, R. 1 17.6
Richmond, Va.* 22.5
Rochester. N. Y 14.7
St. Louis, Mo 15.6
St. Paul. Minn 11.0
San Francisco, Cal 16.1
Scranton, Pa 16.3
Seattle. Wash 9.8
Spokane. Wash 12.8
Syracuse. N. Y 15.2
Toledo, 0 14.9
Washington. D. C.* 19.6
Worcester. Mass 17.1
17.0
18.4
13.9
10.5
14.4
14.5
16.2
17.4
8.0
15.8
19.7
14.4
14.9
12.4
15.4
14.4
7.0
7.0
15.2
18.1
17.8
17.8
*Cities in which 10 per cent or more of the
population in 1910 were colored.
DEATHS FROM CERTAIN CAUSES. 1917.
Number in registration area and rate per
100.000 population.
Cause. Number.
Typhoid fever 10.095
2.385
204
10,446
3,125
7,837
12,444
12,967
8.091
6.925
13,223
61.434
12,199
Malaria
Smallpox
Measles ,\.
Scarlet fever
Whooping cough.
Diphtheria
Influenza
Epidemic diseases
Tuberculosis, lungs
Tuberculosis, other
Cancer
Diabetes
Diseases, nervous 100,304
Diseases, circulatory 151.708
Diseases, respiratory 133.955
Diseases, digestive 109,822
Suicide 9.996
Accidental 65,720
Homicide 5.758
Rate.
13.4
3.2
0.3
13.9
•4.1
10.4
16.5
17.2
10.7
128.7
17.6
81.6
16.9
133.2
201.5
177.9
145.8
13.2
87.3
7.6
All causes 1,066,942 1.416.8
Age. Number. Dist.
Under 1 year.. 171,024 160.3
1 year 37.638 35.3
2 years 16.893 15.8
3 years 10.520 9.9
4 years 7,633 7.2
Under 5 243,708 228.4
6 to 9 23,070 21.6
10 to 14 16.086 15.1
16 to 19 25.728 24.1
16.1
13.5
14.5
16.4
J|'| DEATHS BY SEX.
15.'2 Sex. Number. Rate. I Sex. Number. Rate.
Male... .585,319 548.6 \ Female.481,632 451.4
Dist.
67.7
69.6
61.8
45.4
23.7
8.4
2.0
0.7
1.9
DEATHS BY AGE.
Number and distribution per 1.000.
Age. Number.
20 to 24 38.224
25 to 29 41,285
30 to 34 42,984
35 to 39 47,498
40 to 44 48.619
45 to 49 52.445
50 to 54 57.306
55 to 59 62.413
60 to 64 67,496
Dist. I Age. Number.
35.8 65 to 69 ....... 72,220
38.7 70 to 74 ....... 74,303
40.3 75 to 79 ....... 65,890
44.5 80 to 84.... 48.469
45.6 85 to 89....
90 to 94....
95 to 99....
100 or more
Unknown ..
49.2
53.7
58.5
63.3
232
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
DEATHS BY COLOR AND
NATIVITY (1917).
Number and distribution
per 1,000.
Number. Dist.
White 949.555 890.0
Native white. ..706,214 661.9
Foreign white.. 227.816 213.5
Negro 113.277 106.2
Indian 1.590 1.5
Chinese and Jap 2,520 2.4
DEATH RATES IN FOREIGN
COUNTRIES (1915).
Per 1.000 inhabitants.
Country. Rate.
Australia 10.7
Austria* 22.3
Belgium* 15.9
Bulgraria* 23.8
Ceylon 25.2
Chilet 27.8
Denmark 12.8
England and Wales 15.7
Finlandt 15-6
France! 19-g
Germany* 17.5
Country. Rate.
Hungary* 25.0
Ireland . .17.6
Italy t 17.9
Jamaica 21.6
Japan* 21.0
Netherlands 12.4
New Zealand 9.1
Norway 13.3
Prussia* 17.3
Roumaniat 23.8
Russia in Europe! 30.9
Scotland 17.1
Serbia* 24.3
Spaint 22.1
Sweden 14.6
Switzerland' 13.3
•1906 to 1910. tin 1914.
DEATH RATES IN FOREIGN
CITIES.
City. Per'1.000. 1912. 1911.
Amsterdam 11.2 12.4
Belfast 18.1 17.2
Berlin 14.4 15.6
Breslau 18.4 19.5
Brussels 13.5 13.9
City. Per 1.000. 1912. 1911.
Budapest 18.5 19.4
Christiania 13.4 13.5
Copenhagen 14.1 14.8
Dresden 13.1 14:6
Dublin 20.5 21.4
Edinburgh 15.7 16.0
Glasgow 17.6 17.7
Hamburg 13.6 14.7
London 13.6 15.0
Melbourne 14.0 12.8
Milan 15.8 20.1
Montreal 20,0 21.4
Moscow 24.3 27.2
Munich 14.7 15.8
Paris 16.3 17.2
Petrograd 21.9 20.8
Prague 15.8 16.3
Rio de Janeiro 21.3 20.4
Rotterdam 11.3 12.1
Stockholm 14.2 12.7
Sydney 11.4 10.9
The Hague 10.9 12.7
Toronto 12.6
Trieste 21.1 24.0
Turin 12,9 14.2
Venice 20.9 22.8
Vienna .. ...15.4 16.4
AMERICAN BIRTH AND DEATH RATES.
Infant d'ths
The following table prepared by the federal
census bureau shows for the birth registration
area of the United States the number of births
in the calendar year 1916. the birth rate, the
death rate, the number of deaths of infanta
under 1 year of age and the infant mortality
rate. The states in the registration area had
in 1916 an estimated population of 33,013.280.
In the table stillbirths are excluded, and by in-
fants are mtant all children under 1 year of age.
Infant d'ths
Area. Births,, — *Rate — . Peri.oo.)
Reg. States— No. B'ths.D'ths
No.
born.
Connecticut 35.351
28.4
16.3
3.580
101
Maine . 16 033
20 8
15.7
1,735
108
Maryland 33,631
Massachusetts . 93.497
24.7
25.1
183
4,070
9,370
121
100
Michigan 86,840
28.4
15.1
8,342
96
Minnesota 55,549
24.3
10.7
3.865
70
New Hampshire 9,664
21.8
16.1
1,108
115
New York 241.450
23.5
14.8
22,717
94
Pennsylvania ..217.449
25.5
14.6
24,834
114
Rhode Island... 14.634
Vermont 7 768
23.8
21.4
li.i
1,627
723
111
93
Reg. area 818.983
24.8
14.7
82,734
101
Registration cities —
Connecticut —
Bridgeport 4,598
37.8
19.4
486
106
Harlford 3.925
35.4
20.4
396
101
New Haven 5,106
Waterbury 2,519
34.1
29.0
17.0
15.4
447
350
88
139
District of Columbia-
Wash'ton (total) 7.201
~19.8
17.8
763
106
White 4979
18.8
15.0
411
83
Colored 2.222
22.3
25.4
352
158
Maine-
Portland 1,371
21.5
18.3
161
117
Massachusetts —
Boston (total). 19.577
White 19.214
25.9
26.0
16.9
16.6
2,062
1,992
105
104
Colored 363
22.3
28.4
70
193
Brockton 1.471
21.8
11.6
135
92
Cambridge 2.691
23.8
13.5
246
91
Fall River 3,689
28.7
17.0
639
173
Area. Births,, — *Rate — N Her 1,000
Reg", cities— No. B'ths.D'ths. No. ^m.
Lawrence 2,848 28.3 13.3 330 116
Lowell .. 3.287 29.0 17.3 480 146
Lynn .. 2.206 21.5 12.3 192 87
New Bedford .. 3.499 29.6 15.3 488 139
Springfield 3,278 30.9 ld.4 311 95
Worcester 4,941 30.3 17.8 497 101
Michigan —
Detroit 24,289 42.1 19.0 2,727 112
Grand Rapids.. 3.131 24.4 12.2 235 75
Minnesota—
Duluth 2.176 23.0 11.2 176 81
Minneapolis .... 8,793 24.21 12.4 723 82
St. Paul 5,242 21.2 11.3 357 68
New Hampshire —
ManchPBter .... 2,166 27.7 15.4 340 157
New York-
Albany :. 2,280 21.5 19.3 221 97
Buffalo 13,088 27.9 16.1 1.491 114
New Y'k (total) 137, 923 24.6 13.9 12.860 93
13.7 12,385 92
2.804 24.0 23.1 475
1.436 38.4 18.1
6,816 26.3 14.4
2.138 21.5 9.6
3,853 24.8 15.2
1.335 17.1 19.4
2,441 27.9 18.7
2,503 25.1 12.3
17
190 132
584 86
168 79
384 100
128 96
271 111
225 90
White 135,119
Colored
Niagara Falls..,
Rochester
Schenectady . . .
Syracuse
Troy
Utica
Yonkers
Pennsylvania —
Erie 2.322 30.9 16.4 257 111
Harrisburg .... 1.455 20.2 15.7 102 111
Johnstown 2.348 34.3 15.8 309 132
Phila. (total).. 40,360 23.6 16.2 4,252 105
White 38.208 23.7 15.7 3,907 102
Colored 2.152 21.7 24.0 345 160
Pittsb'gh (total) 16.406 28.3 17.4 1,893 115
White 15.801 28.7 17.0 1.786 113
Colored 605 21.5 24.8 107 177
Reading 2.578 23.5 14.9 322 125
ficranton 3.623 24.7 14.4 476 131
Wilkes-Barre ... 1,986 25.9 14.5 221 111
Rhode Island —
Providence 5.981 23.5 15.8 657 110
*Per 1,000 population.
JOAN OF ARC CANONIZED.
Pope Benedict XV. and the highest digni-
taries of the Roman Catholic church took part
at the Vatican, on Sunday. April 6. 1919, in
the Roman curia in 1875. but it was not until
1909 that the first steps toward placing her
name in the calendar of saints were coin-
the ceremony of formally canonizing Joan of pleted, and she was beatified by Pope Pius
Arc, making her a saint of the church. The on April 11 of that year. That gave her the
question of her canonization first came before title of "Blessed."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
233
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From report of federal census bureau.]
STATE OR TERRITORY.
MARRIAGES.
DIVORCES.
Number.
1887-19U6.
Annual average
1898 to 19U2.
Annual average
1888 to 1892.
dumber
1887
to
1906.
Annual averaget
per 100.000 pop-
ulation.
Number
Per
10,000
Pop.
Number
Per
10,000
Pop.
1900.
1890.
1880.
870
10
24
52
60
",
30
23
10
fi
69
*49
51
28
5
61
12
25
II
12
29
73
29
99
53
9
'I
"37
Alabama
Arkansas. . .
372.525
310.767
189,539
98.877
136.984
25,374
50.244
114,486
401.206
23.330
861.717
493.890
67.412
366.350
275,062
359783
20,227
16.902
9.561
5.457
7,034
1.322
3,114
6,176
21,640
1,359
44,858
26,451
4,847
19.298
14,112
19,526
13,421
5,519
10,740
24.117
23,008
13,118
17.574
30,340
2,188
8,825
527
3,916
15,042
1,307
63,082
17,142
2.454
37,979
3,326
43,'726
Ill
129
64
101
77
72
112
117
98
IS
105
124
86
96
91
97
79
90
86
95
75
'8
90
83
124
95
80
8
91
77
91
83
85
76
87
15,727
13,217
7,167
4.261
6.216
983
1,512
4.314
16,541
705
38,421
22,453
736
16,474
12,795
15,399
10.150
5,726
7,916
21,031
18,726
10.275
11,778
25,700
1.294
8.337
238
3,720
15,740
1,018
49,584
13,074
1.339
32.984
347
2,801
39,059
3,214
104
117
59
103
83
58
66
110
IB
100
.102
41
86
90
83
91
87
76
94
89
78
91
96
91
78
50
99
109
64
83
81
70
90
44
88
74
93
22.807
29,541
25.170
15,844
9,224
887
2.325
7,586
10,401
3.205
82,209
60.721
6,751
34.874
28,904
30.641
9,785
14.194
7,920
22,940
42,371
15.646
19,993
54,766
6,454
16.711
1,045
8.617
7,441
2,437
29,125
7,047
4,317
63.982
7.669
10,145
39.686
6,953
69
136
108
158
50
16
58
79
26
120
100
142
113
93
109
84
41
'8
47
104
55
74
103
'1
111
112
23
g
24
88
91
129
134
33
47
IS
84
197
66
18
34
57
24
93
75
104
33
67
84
58
29
88
24
•72
41
48
71
139
71
97
100
18
46
17
12
47
64
18
21
32
27
53
84
138
61
10
31
53
14
58
68
70
"eo"
44
35
10
78
12
30
72
27
43
106
85
!!
'I
46
48
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia...
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana . . .
Indian Territory
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
243,881
86.592
195,875
468.267
424.096
242,147
313,500
579.807
36.362
170.820
7.073
77.764
335,809
25,625
1,205.655
313.725
44,022
727,408
45,415
67,475
8%,533
72,836
Maine .
Maryland.
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana .
.Nebraska .. .
Nevada
New Hampshire..
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
92
13
30
1
SO
£
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina*
South Dakota
64,782
39(5.990
620,445
51,259
58,472
295.377
87.182
170.810
337.583
13,509
3.094
20.975
34.965
2.789
2,977
16,386
9! 532
16,802
839
104
115
101
87
88
92
99
81
91
2,128
17,432
23.834
2,127
2,807
12,818
2,975
6,692
16,009
426
61
99
107
101
84
77
83
88
95
68
7,108
30,447
62,655
4.670
4,740
12.129
16,219
10.308
22.867
1,772
95
89
131
92
75
38
184
64
65
118
65
62
82
74
49
22
109
41
51
86
48
38
49
114
47
11
75
25
41
111
25
24
21
1
88
18
38
99
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia.
Wisconsin...
Wyoming
Total
12.832.044
945.625
*No record kept. tFor the five years of I Note— See also "Population by Marital Con-
whlch the year stated is the median year. | dition" this volume.
MARRIAGE STATISTICS FOR 1916.
[From U. S. cens-us report pub
State. Number.
Alabama 25 453
[ished in
Per
10.000
pop.
109
142
143
105
96
122
96
118
. 149
126
97
112
119
103
99
107
1919. Figures are for calendar year.]
State. Number.
Louisiana 1 R O49,
Per
10.000
pop.
107
85
150
92
131
101
134
109
176
101
94
101
106
91
95
100
Arizona ...
3 634
Maine
6,576
20,397
34 386
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
24,584
30.996
9.165
15.168
Maryland
Massachusetts .. .
Michigan .
40,112
22,800
23 927
36 827
Minnesota
Delaware
2,038
4,293
11 654
Mississippi
Missouri . .
District of Columbia . . .
Florida . .
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
8.108
. . . 12,786
1 001
Georgia
32 268
Idaho
3 840
Illinois
68,529
33 521
New Hampshire
4,491
31 169
Indiana
. 22)843
18.162
23,189
3 353
Kansas
Kentucky .
New York
97 454
North Carolina .
21.337
234:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
State. Number.
North Dakota . . 4 896
Per
100,000
P°P86
102
93
65
85
93
'80
126
124
117
145
100
90
119
73
99
100,000
State. Number* pop.
Missouri . 5 791 171
Ohio . 52 592
Montana 1*484. ^9<i
Oklahoma 20,049
Nebraska .'.V. 1675 132
Oregon 5 302
Pennsylvania 72,053
New Hampshire 698 158
Rhode Island 5,699
New Jersey 1 169 40
South Carolina*
New Mexico '387 102
South Dakota 5,581
New York *} ^RQ •*%
Tennessee 26 960
Texas . 54,103
North Dakota 478 65
Utah 5.036
8hio 7 607 148
Vermont . . 5 279
Virginia 21.329
Oregon . . 2*100 255
Washington 13,829
Pennsylvania 4*980 58
West Virginia 16 033
Rhode Island *623 101
Wisconsin 18,343
South Carolina!
Wyoming- 1,591
South Dakota 585 84
United States 1,040.778
105
luired.
16.
in 1919.
Per
100.000
pop.
101
240
217
190
113
77
9S
13
152
54
189
139
201
149
143
129
78
91
74
63
174
86
104
UNITED
can News
*Total.
209
28
83
302
142
40
100
200
325
38
157 p
1,836 ,
644
847
674
276
191
114
186
623
654
767
193
887
276
597
40
103 1
Tennessee 2,800 127
Texas 8504 198
*No data: marriage licenses not re<
DIVORCE STATISTICS FOR 19
IFrom U. S. census report published
Figures are for calendar year.]
State. Number.
Alabama . .... 2.265
Utah 661 162
Vermont 419 116
Virginia 1 886 91
Washing-ton 3*448 • 225
West Virginia *789 67
Wisconsin 1 721 69
Wyoming- 296 170
United States 112,036 112
Arizona . 613
Arkansas 3,747
tDivorce not permitted since 1878.
TO WHOM DIVORCES GRANTED.
To husband. To wife.
Year. No. P. ct. No. P. ct.
1916 33,809 31.1 74,893 68.9
California .... 5.573
Colorado 1,061
Connecticut 961
District of Columbia 47
Florida 1,334
Georgia 1,399
Idaho 797
1896 14,448 33.6 24,489 66.4
1887 to 1906.. 316,149 33.4 629,476 66.6
DIVORCES CLASSIFIED BY CAUSE (1916).
To husband. To wife.
Cause. No. P. ct. No. P. ct.
Adultery 6,850 20.3 5,636 7.5
Cruelty 5,895 17.4 24.857 33 2
Illinois 8.546
Indiana 5.636
Iowa . 3.309
Kansas 2.618
Kentucky 2.981
Louisiana . 1,343
Maine 702
Maryland ... 1,003
Desertion 16,908 50\0 23,082 308
Massachusetts ' 2 336
Drunkenness . . . 271 .8 3,381 4.5
Nonsupport 5 146 6 91
Michigan 5 327
Minnesota 1,956
Combination ... 1,440 4.3 7,'892 105
Other causes 2,445 7.2 4,899 6-5
STATES AND CANADA (1919).
paper Annual and Directory.]
State or territory. Daily. Weekly. *Total.
New Jersey. 35 280 364
Mississippi 1 893
NEWSPAPERS IN THE
[From Ayer's Ameri
State or territory. Daily. Weekly.
Alabama v . 23 163
Alaska 10 15
New Mexico 8 93 109
Arizona ... 20 53
New York 216 994i 2065
Arkansas 31 242
North Carolina 32 185 282
California 164 539
North Dakota 19 344 385
Colorado 40 301
Ohio 167 626 1 034
Connecticut 36 75
Oklahoma 56 427 *513
Oregon 31 199 277
Delaware 3 28
District of Columbia... 7
Flnr-ida 33 150
Pennsylvania 197 715 1215
Philippines 23 5 41
Georgia 28 225
Porto Rico 11 12 28
?&:::::::::::::::::: if i|
South Carolina 32 185 282
Illinois 164 932
Indiana 131 418
Iowa 52 678
Tennessee 18 206 298
Texas 108 731 935
Kansas 69 567
Kentucky 30 190
Utah 8 88 122
Vermont 10 76 93
Virgin Islands 41 5
Maine 12 77
Virginia 34 146
Maryland 17 105
Massachusetts 91 359
Michigan .... . . .. 67 487
Minnesota 49 624
Missis=ippi • 15 163
Washington 36 263
West Virginia... . .T. 32 148 193
Wisc«1n«in 56 483 620
Wyoming 8 77 92
Total in 1919 Q 4°8 14771 21664
Missouri 76 656
Montana 18 238
Nebraska 26 516
Nevada 10 27
Total in 1918 2.465 15.635 22.842
Decrease 37 854 1.178
'Includes all kinds of newspapers and peri-
odicals.
New Hampshire... 13 71
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
235
SUMMARY OF MARRIAGE LAWS.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
License re-
quired.
MARRIAGE PROHIBITED
BETWEEN—
MINIMUM
Ar.E.
PAK'NT'Lf
C« NPENT
11
ta
•§«
H
I8
d
*%
a>
O--
OQ
I
^.
£
"ft
H
I1
o
|
§
8
d
1
o>
9
a
•>
X
If
Alabama
Yes..
No
No...
Yes..
Yes-
No-
fes..
No...
No...
No...
No...
No...
17
21
18
IT
18
21
i.
16
IT
18
fs
18
16
17
14
14
r
18
18
21
fs
18
18
14
1
16
18
18
18
I
fs
18
:!,
If
14
14
18
14
14
15
I'J
fs
't
15
t
Hi
16
14
15
U
12
18
I
11
*0
16
S
i<
18
14
15
16
15
16
21
!•
15
{4
14
18
12
21
21
1!
I"
21
21
io
18
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
fs
21
• 21
21
21
18
18
21
I
21
21
21
21
21
21
18
21
16
21
21
21
21
18
fs
18
18
¥'
18
21
18
18
18
18
IS
13
H
18
21
18
lt>
!!
li
13
18
18
H
16
16
18
IS
fs
18
18
!!
16
!!
16
18
18
18
21
11
21
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
Yes..
Yes..
Yes
Yes..
Yes.
No...
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
No...
•io...
Yes
No...
No...
Yes .
s'o. ..
Yes..
..$..
No...
No...
Yes-
No...
Yes..
NO*:.
*o. .
No. .
. j
<Io-.
STO. . .
t es..
No...
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
No...
. t
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware ..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes
No...
No...
No...
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes..
Yes-
No.
District of Columbia
Florida
Yes..
Yes .
No...
Yes..
No...
No..
No..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
No...
Yes-
No...
Yes..
No...
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
No...
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
No...
No..
No-
Yes.
Yes.
Yes-
Yes.
Yes.
NO..
No-
Yes.
Yes.
No-
Yes.
IS:
No...
Yes-
Yes. .
No...
Yes..
No ..
yea-
No...
No...
Yes..
Yes-
No...
Yes..
No...
No...
No...
Yes-
fit
/es.
No
Yes-
Yes..
Yes .
So...
Yes..
No...
So..
So...
Yes..
Yes-
No...
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes..
NO...
Yes..
Ye's"
No..
No .
Yes.
Yes.
No.
No .
Yes.
...t.
No-
Yes.
No..
1
yes.
No-
Yes.
Yes.
No.. .
s'o...
No...
t
Yes .
Yes
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Yes..
Yes..
Yes
No-.
NO...
Yes-
No...
Yes-
No...
.4..
Yes..
NO*::
Yes-
No...
No...
.. ±..
No. .
No. .
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes..
Vel::
Mi*::
Yes-
No-
No...
..$.
NO!::
Yes.
Yes..
No...
?£:
Ve*,:
veV;
No-
Yes-
No-
No-
...±.
Indiana
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri.,
Montana
Nebraska
No-.
No...
%*,:
No-
ve*,:
Yes.
Yes.
No-
Yes.
Yes.
No-
No-
§Yes
Yes'.
No-
Yes.
NO-
NO..
Ve*,
No-
Ve*.
Yes.
NO-
NO. .
Yes.
Yes.
No-
No-
§Yes
Yet'.
No-
Yes.
Yes.
No..
vet
ve0*.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
§Yes
$1
No-
Yes.
Nevada
New Hampshire ,
New J ersey
No..
No-
No..
Yes.
Yes.
No..
Yes.
Yes.
No,.
No-
Yes.
Yet-
Yes.
Yes.
No-
Yes.
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota. .
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island ..
South Carolina
South Dakota •.
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Yes
Virginia
Yes
Washington
West Virginia
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
NO-
NO...
Yes.
Y^S.
No-
No-
...t.
No-
No-
No-
Yes.
...i
18
18
IS
16
15
16
18
21
21
Wisconsin
Wyomi ng
*At which marriag-e is leg-al. tAg-e below
which parental consent is necessary. $No
specific provision; common law usually ap-
plies. ^Prohibited when either of parties is
incapable of entering into a civil contract.
COFFEE AND TEA CONSUMED IN
THE UNITED
STATES.
Tea
Year ended
June 30.
1830...
Imports.
Pounds.
51,488.248
94,996.095
145.272,687
202.144,733
235,256,574
446.850,727
499,159.120
787,991.911
873,983.689
878,322.468
887.747.747
866.053.699
006.362.294
126.041.691
203X40.591
322.058.5°6
145.955,957
import price
Imports. *Price. tPeroap.
Value. Cents. Pounde.
54,227.021 8.3 2.98
8,546,222 8.8 5.06
11.234,835 7.6 5.60
21.883.797 10.8 5.79
24,234,879 10.3 6.00
60.360.769 13.5 8.78
78.267.432 16.0 7.83
52.467.943 7.5 9.81
69.504.647 7.9 9.33
90.949.963 10.3 9.27
118.233,958 13.3 9.23
119.449.045 13.8 8.85
111,454,240 11.1 10.06
107.794.377 9.6 10.52
115.905.134 96 10.97
133.513,226 10.1 12.22
103.355.279 9.0 10.29
per pound, t Consumption
Imports.
Pounds.
8,609.415
20.006,595
29,872.654
31,696,657
47.408.481
72.162.936
83,886.829
84.845.107
85.626.370
102.653.942
101.406.816
94,812,800
91. 130. SI 5
96.987.942
109.865.935
103.364.410
151.314.932
per capita based
Imports. *Price.
Value. Cents.
$2,425.018 23.3
5,427.010 24.1
4.719.232 14.1
8.915,327 26.3
13,863.273 29A
19,782.931 27.4
12,317.493 15.0
10.558.110 12.4
13.671.946 16.0
17.613.569 17.2
18.207.141 18.0
17,433.688 18.4
16.735.302 18.4
17.512.619 18.1
20.599.857 18.7
19.26rS.264 18.6
30,889. 03O 20M
on net imports.
tPer cap.
Pound».
.o3
1.22
.84
1.10
1.39
1.33
1.09
.89
1.04
1.05
.95
.90
1.07
iii
1840...
1850
Ifc60...
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1911
1912...
1913...
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918 1
* Average
236
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CAUSES FOR DIVORCE.
Summary of the laws in effect in the various states.
STATE OR TERRI-
TORY.
Residence
required.
1 Consan-
guinity.
tA
§
Drunken-
ness.
Fraud or
force.
Imprison-
ment.
cS ^
0 —
c
tS,
"o
a
i
Want of
age.
Adultery.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Ito3y.
2 yrs...
ijf::::
Void.
Void.
No...
Void.
Void.
\roid.
Yes'.'.
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes-
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
Ves"
2 yrs.
2 yrs.
lyr..
lyr..
I yr..
lyr.
Syrs.
2 yrs.
i'yr-
Hab'l-
2 yrs
Yes....
lyr....
Yes....
lyr. ..
lyr ..
lyr....
Yes....
2 yrs...
H'a'b'l"
Yes....
Void.. .
Yes....
Yes....
Void . .
Yes....
Void . .
Yes-..
Felony. .
Felony-
Yes......
Felony-
Felony. .
Yes
2 yrs
Yes,...
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
No
Void . .
Yes....
Yes....
No...
No...
No...
Yes-
Yes. .
Yes-
Void.
Yes-
No...
1 yr..
No...
No...
Yes-
Yes. .
No...
Yes....
Void...
Yes....
Yes....
Void . .
No
Yes....
Yes....
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia.
Florida
3 yrs...
2 yrs...
3 yrs..
2 yrs..
Georgia
HawSii
Idaho
Illinois
1 yr...
2yrs..
6mos.
1 yr .
Yes..
Void.
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
Yes
3 yrs.
yr..
lyr-
2 yrs
Yes....
Yes- .
'yrs'"
Yes....
Yes.:::
Yes
Yes
7 yrs
Felony-
Felony.
Yes....
Void . .
Yes'.:::
Yes. .
Void.
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Void"
Yes....
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Indiana
2yrs-
Void.
Void.
No...
No...
Yes .
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
2 yrs.
2 yrs.
1 yr..
1 yr..
Yes..
3 yrs
3 yrs
lyr"::
Hab'l..
Yes....
No
Yes....
Yes....
Yes- .
NO'.".::
Felony..
Felony-
Felony. .
Felony .
Felony.
Yes. ..
Void . .
Yes....
Yes....
No...
Void.
No...
No...
2 yrs.
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes
Void..
Void . .
Void . .
No
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Iowa.. .
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
lyr...
lyr...
i'yr'"
Yes
Yes. ..
No...
Yes-
Yes-
No
Yes.
Maryland
2yrs-
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota.
3to5y
lyr...
lyr...
2 yrs..
1 yr
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
Yes .
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
3 yrs
2 yrs
1 yr..
2 yrs
lyr..
lyr-
2 yrs
lyr.
Syrs
Yes-
Yes-
?5-
void : :
Felony..
3 yrs
Yes....
Yes. .
Void.
Yes..
Yes..
Void.
Yes'.'.
Yes..
Void.
Void.
Yes....
Yes-
Yes-
Yes ..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes::::
lyr....
lyr....
Yes....
Yes....
3 yrs. . .
Yes-..
Hab'l..
Void . .
Yes....
Yes.:::
Void..
Yes....
Yes....
No
Yes
Felony-
Yes
Yes
3 yrs
Felony. .
lyr
F'elony..
Felony..
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
Yes...
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
Yes. ..
No...
Yes-
No...
Yes-
No-:
No...
No...
No-
Y'es-
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
Yes.
Yes.
Yes
Void . .
No
No
Yes.. . .
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
Void . .
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
lyr...
lyr...
timos.
lyr...
lyr...
lyr...
Actua
2yrs..
lyr...
lyr...
lyr...
i'yr:::
2yrs-
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York*
North Carolina,
North Dakota
Oklahoma . . . . . . : : . . . . .
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island ..
South Carolina!
Yes
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Void.
No'.'.'.
No...
Yes..
Yes..
Yes,.
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
10 yrs
lyr-
3 yrs
lyr..
lyr..
2 yrs
Syrs
No....
lyr...
Syrs..
Yes...
lyr...
No-..
Hab'l..
No....
Void..
Ves.:::
Yes..:
Yes...>
Yes....
No....
Felony-
Yes
Felony. .
Felony. .
2 yrs
Felony. .
Yes....
Void .
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
No...
No...
No...
No...
No...
Yes..
Yes-
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes. .
Void..
Void . .
Yes....
No
Void . .
No
Void . .
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
lyr...
2 yrs..
6mos.
tyr...
2 yrs..
lyr...
1 yr.. .
1 yr...
2yrs..
lyr...
No...
No.'".
Yes..
No...
Yes'.'.
No...
Void.
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
lyr.
2yrs
lyr..
lyr.
3 yrs
Syrs
lyr..
3 yrs
lyr..
lyr..
lyr. ..
Hab'l..
Hab'l..
Yes....
No
No
Hab'l..
Yes....
lyr....
Hab'l..
Void . .
NO'.::::
Yes.::.
No
Void . .
Felony-
Felony. .
Felony..
Yes....
Yes....
Yes
No...
Yes..
No...
Yes..
fes.
Void . .
Yes.
Yes.
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming —
Felony-
3yrs
Feloijy..
Felony-
Felony. .
Syrs
Felony. .
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
Yes....
No
Void . .
Yes....
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
No...
No...
Void.
es-
Yes..
No...
Yes::
^es..
Yes..
No....
Yes....
Yes....
Yes"."
No
Void..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
'Yes."
Yes.
*Marriag-es may be annulled for causes mak- i as being- applicable under certain conditions.
ing them void from the beginning-. i The word "Void" may indicate that a mar-
tNo divorce allowed, but marriage may be j riage may be absolutely void for the cause
annulled. | named, that it may be voidable or that it
Note— The above table presents only the I may be annulled by court proceedings. Big-amy.
principal causes for divorce in the various I it may be added, is a cause for divorce or
states. The words "Yes" and "No" are not I annulment of marriage in practically all of
always to be taken without qualification, but ' the states.
MANUFACTURE OF AUTOMOBILES IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From U. S. census report. 1916.]
In 1914 there were in the United States 338
establishments manufacturing' complete auto-
mobiles, their output being- 573.114 machines,
valued at $465.642,474. as compared with 315
establishments in 1909 with an output of
127.287 machines valued at $165.099.404.
Following1 is a comparative summary of the
various kinds of machines made in 1914 and
1909 with the percentage of increase. Only
two establishments made steam automobiles in
1914, and to avoid disclosing- their operations
the statistics for these companies were con-
solidated with those for grasoline machines.
Type. 1914. 1909. Inc.
Gasoline and steam 568.399 123.452 360.4
Family and pleasure. .544.255 119.190 356.6
Type. 1914. 1909. Inc.
Touring: cars 454,876 76,189 497.0
Delivery wagons and
trucks 22.753 2.771 721.1
All other 1.391 1.491 6.7
Electric
4.715 3.835 22.9
Total 573.114 127.287 350.3
MOTORCYCLES AND BICYCLES.
There were manufactured in 1914 62.793
motorcycles valued at $12.306,447. and 398.-
899 bicycles, valued at $5.361.229. In 1909
the output was 18.628 motorcycles, valued at
$3.015.988. and 233.777 bicycles, valued at
$3.228.189. The number of establishments
reporting- in 1914 was 94 as compared with
122 in 1909.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK, FOR 1920.
237
STATISTICS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From bureau of education reports.]
STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS (1915-1916).
14:2,152
2So,483
2.336,165
707,229
Children.
State. * Number.
Maine 176,823
New Hampshire 98,192
Vermont 84,669
Massachusetts 830,115
i Rhode Island
Connecticut
I New York
I New Jersey
I Pennsylvania 2.123,686
[0hio 1.217,544
.Indiana 703,641
Illinois 1.514,070
Michigan 751,494
Wisconsin 686,346
Minnesota 617,316
Iowa 583.278
Missouri 890,190
North Dakota 208,011
South Dakota 193,417
Nebraska 345,051
Kansas 483.731
Delaware 52,769
Maryland 357,464
District of Columbia 72,432
Virginia 665,716
West Virginia 401,119
North Carolina 772.240
South Carolina 542,583
Georgia 912,227
Florida 256.522
Kentucky 699.376
Tennessee 687.087
Alabama 740,603
Mississippi 635,270
Louisiana 572.883
Texas 1,388.226
Arkansas 546,099
Oklahoma 675,598
Montana 98,883
Wyoming- 37,061
Colorado 225,122
New Mexico 118,941
Arizona 62,608
Utah 126,058
Nevada 17,515
Idaho 113,104
Washington 336,148
Oregon 183,445
California .. 571.274
Enrolled.
149,149
67,461
65,380
604,023
89,879
234,609
1.625,777
540,287
1,504,794
905,071
564,252
1.084,640
620,861
458.102
481,583
525,579
721.752
t!51,647
134.136
292,725
402.860
45,327
243.077
59,526
486,134
313,873
649,246
415,766
667,635
198,365
537,008
610.235
514.601
$492,756
320,300
1,017,083
1447,726
515,493
§102.768
32.630
184,471
77,062
51,077
,07^
:35<
108.359
13.358
95,772
245,419
142,365
539,688
Continental Un. States.26. 846.976 20.351.687
North Atlantic division. 6.784.514 4,881,359
North Central division.. 8.194,089 6,343,208
South Atlan ic division. 4,033.072 3,078,949
South Central division... 5,945.142 4.455,202
Western division 1,890,159 1.592,969
•School year 1915-1916: children 5 to 18
years of age. tStatistics of 1914-1915. $Statis-
tics of 1913-1914. §Exceeds estimated school
population.
Teachers.
State. Men. Women.
Maine 792 6,173
New Hampshire 269 2.814
Vermont 228 2.764
Massachusetts .. .. *1,784 *15,703
Rhode Island 233 2.540
Connecticut 410 6,013
New York 5,907 47.686
New Jersey 2.414 14,327
Pennsylvania 9,163 33,564
Ohio 7,852 23.967
Indiana 6,207 13,441
Illinois 6.192 27,172
Michigan 2.981 17,998
Wisconsin *1.759 *14,529
Minnesota 1.952 15,841
Iowa 2,858 24,372
Missouri 4.904 15.304
North Dakota tl,329 t6,764
Total.
6,965
3,083
2.992
17,487
2.773
6,423
53,593
16,741
42.727
31.819
19,648
33,364
20,979
16.28
17,79
27,230
20.208
t8,093
State. Men.
South Dakota 1,032
Nebraska 1,506
Kansas 2,806
Delaware 130
Maryland 966
District of Columbia. 222
Virginia 2.149
West Virginia 4,482
North Carolina 3,424
South Carolina 1,717
Georgia 3,039
Florida 1.354
Kentucky 4,384
Tennessee 4,170
Alabama 3,215
Mississippi $2,924
Louisiana 1,534
Texas 7,777
Arkansas f4,780
Oklahoma 3,790
Montana ,
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
Women.
6.025
J 1.100
2,437
932
5.494
1,565
10,971
5,842
11.126
6,616
12,007
4,380
8,486-
8.751
7,841
±8.029 $10.953
6.087 7.621
19.581 27.358
t5,882 tlO.662
'.931 12.721
4.731
1,735
6,573
1,944
l!539
3.205
657
3.506
Total.
7.057
12.606
15.243
1.062
6.460
1.787
13.120
10.324
14.55Q
8,333
15.046
5.73*
12,870
12.921
11.056
California 2,602
United States 123,038 499.333 622.371
North Atlantic 21,200 131.584 152,784r
North Central 41,378 188.950 230,328-
South Atlantic 17.483 58,933 76.416
South Central 32.574 73.588 106.162
Western 10,403 46.278 56,681
* Estimated. tStatistics of 1914-1915. $Sta-
tistics of 1913-1914.
School houses.
State. Buildings.
Maine 3.764
New Hampshire tl.634
Vermont tl.999
Massachusetts f 4.531
Rhode Island 520
Connecticut 1,515
New York 11,935
New Jersey 2,194:
Pennsylvania 15,375
Ohio 12,163
Indiana 8,376
Illinois 13.581
Michigan 8,840
Wisconsin 9.037
Minnesota 8,900
Iov.-a 13.485
Missouri 10.880
North Dakota (1915)... 5,421
South Dakota 5,298
Nebraska 7,709
Kansas 9,385
Delaware 672
Maryland 2.487
District of Columbia 152
Virginia 6,758
West Virginia 7,121
North Carolina 8,188
South Carolina 5,001
Georgia 7.985
Florida 2.714
Kentucky 8,406
Tennessee 7,042
Alabama 6,911
Mississippi (1913) 7.781
Louisiana 3,467
Texas 14,133
Arkansas (1915) 6.548
Oklahoma 6,891
Montana 2,738
•Value.
S10.597.424r
6.777.953
4.915.758
96,521.456
10,081.135
27.719.683
244.739.916
69.293.018
154,363.211
113,597.716
54.849,098
135,357.497
57.930.121
$24.141.885
50,459.377
39.356.618
54.882.805
12.115.050
10,994.385
23.644.515
31.168,702
1,650,000
12,000.000
12,309.995
16.004.359
15.599,531
11.489,882
8,117,280
15,048.880
7,409,947
15,521.654:
15,938.816
10,898,517
3,110,300
13,580,248
45,368.247
12.660,849
20,696,930
9,244.559
238
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
State. . Buildings. 'Value.
Wyoming1'.. 1,006 2,666,059
Colorado 3,099 15,364,405
New Mexico. . . 1.298 2,915,000
Arizona . 471 3.463,517
Utah 744 $11,619,642
Nevada .. 354 1,565.497
Idaho . 1,671 9,202,457
Washington 3.429 32.751.292
Oregon .. 2.774 18.019.464
California : 5.141 84,721.886
United States 281.524 1.662.446.536
North Atlantic 43,467 625.009,554
North Central 113,075
South Atlantic 41,078
South Central 61.179
Western ' 22.725
*Of all public school property
^Statistics of 1913-1914.
Elementary City Schools.
In places of 100.000 or more population.
City. Teachers. Pupils.
Alabama— Birmingham 540 23,375
California— Los Angeles 2.174
Oakland 610
San Francisco 1,314
Colorado— Denver 832
Connecticut— Bridgeport 484
New Haven 655
Dist. of Columbia— Washington 1,456
Georgia— Atlanta 596
Illinois— Chicago 6.728
Indiana— Indianapolis 929
Kentucky— Louisville 683
Louisiana— New Orleans 1.084
Maryland— Baltimore 1.924
608.497.769
99.629.874
137,775.561
191.533,778
t Estimated.
68,550
27.257
55,494
31,519
18,314
25.102
52.291
23.666
326,745
33.190
28.251
44,637
75.148
City. Teachers. Pupils.
Massachusetts— Boston 2.364 104,294
Cambridge 388 13.759
Fall River 515 15.822
Lowell 284 12.224
Worcester 623 23.395
Michigan— Detroit 1,807 84,663
Grand Rapids 501 15,615
Minnesota— Minneapolis 1.182 45.787
St. Paul 710 26.746
Missouri— Kansas City 1.008 39,661
St. Louis 1.952 90,418
Nebraska— Omaha* 753 23,754
New Jersey— Jersey City 837 37,936
Newark 1.575 66,955
Paterson 475 20,796
New York— Albany 349 12.092
Buffalo .. 1,771 60,337
New York 19,906 805,777
Rochester 891 29,676
Syracuse 522 19.207
Ohio— Cincinnati 1,496 43,235
Cleveland 3.033 92,053
Columbus 740 24.307
Dayton 406 16,264
Toledo 817 27.346
Oregon— Portland 729 28.370
Pennsylvania— Philadelphia ... 4,928 226,853
Pittsburgh 1.912 77.852
Scranton 562 22,848
Rhode Island— Providence 850 38.821
Tennessee— Memphis 484 19.553
Nashville 314 17,490
Virginia— Richmond 687 28,532
Washington— Seattle 841 30.749
Spokane 397 15.276
Wisconsin— Milwaukee 1.352 62.674
•Includes South Omaha.
COMMON
-Child ren.-
Year. *Number. Enrolled. tAttendance.
1870.12,055.443 6.871.522 4,077,347
1880.15.065.767 9.867,505 6.144.143
1890.18,543,201 12.722.581 8.153.635
1900.21.404.322 15,503,110 10.632.772
1910.24.360.888 17.813.852 12.827.307
1911.24,745.562 18,035.118 12.871,980
1912.25.167.445 18.182.937 13.302.303
1913.25.499.928 18.523.558 13,510.643
1914.26.002,153 19.153.786 14.216.459
1915.26.425.100 19.693.007 14.964.886
1916.26,846.976 20.351.687 15.358.927
SCHOOL STATISTICS BY YEARS.
Teachers. s
Men. Women. Total.
77.529 122.926 200.515
122.795 163,798 286.593
125.525 238,397 363,922
126.588 296.474
110.481 412,729
110,328 423,278
114.559 432.730
113.342 451.118
114.662 465.396 580.058
118.435 485.566 604.001
123,038 499.333 622,371
423.062
523.210
533,606
547,289
564.460
•Children 5 to 18 years of age. t Average daily attendance,
teachers.
HIGH SCHOOLS
Public.
Schools 12.003
Teachers— Men . .29,131
Women 39.146
Students-Boys 660.641
Girls 795.420
(1916).
Private.
Schools 2,201
Teachers— Men. . 5.821
Women 8,137
Students— Boys 73,415
Girls 81,706
NORMAL SCHOOLS
Public.
Schools 234
Teachers— Men. . 2,405
Women 4,237
Students— Men . .21,016
Women 83,698
(1916).
Private.
Schools
Teachers— Men..
Women
Students — Men .
45
295
369
1.924
Women 5.034
UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES AND TECHNO-
LOGICAL SCHOOLS (1916).
Institutions 574
Instructors — Men 28,472
Instructors— Women A 6,397
Preparatory students — Men 33,319
Preparatory students — Women 19,155
Collegiate students— Men 152.860
Collegiate students— Women 90,181
Colleges for men 144
Undergraduate students. 43,851
Colleges for women 89
Undergraduate students 20,638
Coeducational colleges 341
JSalaries. Total cost.
$37,832.566 $63,396,666
55.942,972 78.094.687
91,836,484 140,506.715
137.687,746 214,964,618
253.915.470 426.250.434
266.678.471 446.726,929
284.945.162 482.886.793
303.537.849 534.058.580
323,610.915 555.077.146
344,668.690 605,460.785
364,789.265 640.717,053
tOf superintendents and
Undergraduate students — Men 109.009
Undergraduate students— Women 69.543
Total students 178.552
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS (1916).
Theology-
Schools 169
Students 12.051
Law —
Schools 124
Students 22.993
Medicine —
Schools 92
Students 14.767
Dentistry-
Schools 48
Students 10.715
Pharmacy-
Schools 71
Students 6.034
Veterinary —
Schools 22
Students 3.064
SCHOOLS FOR BLIND AND DEAF (1916).
Public schools for blind... 61
Pupils 5.155
State schools for deaf 69
Pupils 11.784
Public schools for deaf 71
Pupils 2.362
Private schools for deaf 19
Pupils 687
SCHOOLS FOR FEEBLE-MINDED.
State— Number 38 I Pupils . . 890
Pupils 32.882 Public— Day . . . 118
Private— Number 281 Pupils 16,624
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Training: nurses 1.520
Students .... 47.611
Commercial ... 912
STL
Paris 17.556
OTHER SCHC
Students 192.388
Reform 121
>OLS (1916).
Agriculture ... 69
Students 130.499
Summer(1916)
Students 298
ES.
Genoa
734
.219
1.413
1,300
1.300
1.318
1.295
1,250
1,319
1.347
1M94
1.312
1.253
1.387
1.200
1 '12
Students 61.828
DENTS IN LEADING
[From Minerva
Halle .. . 2 982
FOREIGN UNIVE1
for 1913-1914.]
^Marburg .
Prague (German)..
Sendai
SSITI
2.072
2.053
1.915
1.993
1.64S
1.828
2.015
1.744
1.876
1.700
1.691
1.389
1.648
1.600
1.669
1.570
1.456
1.54S
1.500
1.440
1.426
1,746
1.4S1
2.021
1.496
1 694
Berlin
14 1 7s
Cracow 2 960
Moscow
Cairo
9.760
9.540
8.784
7,814
7.718
7.455
6,600
6.143
5.903
5.675
5.567
5.354
5.054
4.600
4.478
4.406
4.047
4.025
4.000
3.919
3.748
3.532
3.352
3.342
3,283
3.084
3.000
Toulouse 9 869
Tomsk
Dorpat 2 684
Poitiers
Vienna
Luttich .. .. 2.778
Athens 2 800
Durham
Lille
Erlangen
Glasgow 2,800
Bern
Konigsberg
Kiel
Melbourne
St. Petersburg . .
Naples
Breslau .. .. 2.684
Louvain . .. 2.630
Freiburg . .. 2,766
Strassburg . .. 2.485
Bordeaux .. 2.548
Gottingen .. 2.668
McGill (Montreal) 2.213
Barcelona 2.430
Heidelberg 2.466
Klausenburg 2.124
Odessa 2 0'3
Lund
Czernowitz
Leipzig
Toronto
Madrid
Valencia
Liverpool
Manchester
Wales, Univ. of .
Padua .
Ghent .. .
Grief swald
Salamanca
Leiden
Tokyo (Imperial).
Buenos Aires
Vallado'id
Bonn
Pa via ...
Palermo
Leeds
1.320
1,150
1.215
1,100
1.096
1.070
1.167
1.000
1.000
1,000
1,070
1.045
1,000
1,000
Pisa
Wurzburg
Kingston (Canada)
Christiania
Amsterdam
Seville
Prague (Bohemian)
Muenster (Germ'y) 2,368
Sofia 2 116
Utrecht
Oxford
Copenhagen
Algiers
Havana
Warsaw 2.257
IJpsala 2 419
Giessen ...
Belgrade
Grenoble
Dijon
Turin 2.199
Nancy 2.248
Graz 2.151
Geneva 1.858
Bo'ogna 2.000
Kasan 2 122
Zurich
Gothenburg
Svdney
Montreal (Laval)
Dub' in '
Helslngfors
Edinburgh
Charkow
Granada ...
Coimbra
1.350
1.365
1,254
Santiago (Chile)..
Birmingham (Eng.)
Innsbruck
Kiev
Tubingen 2,016
Lausanne
GIFTS AND BEQUESTS TO EDUCATION.
[From report of United States commissioner of education.]
820 310 124$30 196 006
1885
9 314 081
1902
20 348 739
Schools of theology .. .
1,467.055 2,257.359
90 576 128 588
1886
1887 .
.. 5.976.168
7 512 910
1903...
1904
... 17,915,075
. 17 261 375
2 661 076 2 253 598
1888
6 646 368
1905
21 827 875
Public normal schools
'449.992 758.998
168 479 143 012
1889
1890
.. 6.942.058
8 Oil 019
1906...
1907
... 23,347,070
28 585 780
Private high schools.. .
Total
875.944 1.357.719
26.023.246 37,095,280
1891
1892
1893...
.. 8.519.233
.. 8.721.902
.. 8.207.690
1908...
1909...
1910...
... 19.763.421
... 21.192.450
.. 24.755.663
Gifts bi
1871 S8.593.740
1872... . 10 072.540
/ Years.
1877 83.015.256
1878. . 3.103.289
1894
1895
1896
. . 10.855.365
.. 8.240.876
11 677 048
1911...
1912...
1Q13
... 27.634.029
.. 30.061.310
oq 65i 310
1873 11.225,977
1874 6.053.804
1875 4 1°6 562
1879. . .. 5.249.810
1880. . .. 5.518.501
1881 7 440 °°4
1897
1898
1899
. . 10.049.141
.. 10.981.209
1914...
1915...
1916
... 31.357.398
.. 26.023.246
37 095 °80
1876 4.691.845
1883. . .. 7.141.363
1900
.'.' isioeeisei
Total
...647.536,608
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND ESTIMATED COST.
[The figures are for 1916, the latest available.]
Per cap.
No
Public elementary 18.895.626
Public high : 1.456,061
Private elemental? 1 665 075
Private high 155.135
Other public and private secondary 89 641
Universities, colleges and professional schools 329.387
Normal 11 1 ,672
Commercial and business 192,388
Reform
Schools for the deaf
Schools for the blind
Schools for the feeble-minded
Government Indian
Schools in Alaska supported by the government
Other public schools in Alaska
Orphan asylums, etc —
Private kindergartens
Miscellaneous, music, art, etc
61.828
14.733
5.155
37.630
32,780
3.665
3.163
20.000
75.090
60.000
Total.
Cost.
Total cost.
$29.55
S558.391.364
56.54
82,325,689
32.00
53,282.400
94.10
14.598.204
157.47
14.115.768
335.57
110.532.396
158.34
17.682.144
50.00
9.619.400
157.92
9.763,878
300.80
4.431.686
498.34
2.568,943
555.42
20.900.455
116.69
3.825.098
56.13
205,716
50.00
158.150
200.00
4,000.000
32.00
2.402.880
100.00
6.000.000
39.37 914,804.171
240
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES.
Nonsectarian and undenominational schools marked with an asterisk (*).
Instruc- Sta-
School, location and date of founding-. President. tors, dents.
Adelphi college,* Brooklyn, N. Y. (1896)... Frank D. Blodgett. A.M., LL.D 30
Adrian college, Adrian, Mich
Ag-nes Scott college, Decatur,
Ag-. and Mech. Col. of Tex..*Col. S., Tex. (1876)
Alabama Poly. Inst.,* Auburn, Ala. (1872).. C C. Thach. M.A., LL.D 78
Albany college, Albany, Ore. (1866) Wallace H. Lee. A.M.. LL.D 10
Alcorn Ag. & Mech. Col * Alcorn, Miss. (1871) Lev! J. Rowan, Ph.D 25
Albion college, Albion, Mich. (1861) Hon. Samuel Dickie, M.S.. LL.D
Alfred university,* Alfred, N. Y. (1836)
Allegheny college, Meadville, Pa. (1815)
Alma college, Alma, Mich. (1887)
Amer. Inter. Col.,* Springfield, Mass. (1885)
Aiiier. iiiier. v/ui., spring .utuu, mass. i. oou;
Am'erican univ., Washington, D. C. (1913).
502
Harlan L. Feeman. A.M.. D.D....... 17 140
F H. Gaines. D.D.. LL.D 40 388
W. B. Bizzell. D.C.L.. LL.D 150 2,759
997
85
601
561
Boothe C. Davis. Ph.D.. D.D... . ... 50 417
W. H. Crawford, D.D.. LL.D 27 487
Harry Mears Crooks, LL.D....
Ark. Cumberland col., Clarksville, Ark.
Armour Inst. of Tech.,* Chicago, 111. (1893
Asbury college, Wilmore, Ky. (1890)
Atlanta university,* Atlanta, Ga. (1869)...
Auburn Theo. sem., Auburn, N. Y. 1819) . .
Augsburg- sem.. Minneapolis, Minn. (1869).
Augustana college. Rock Island, 111. (1860)
Austin college. Sherman, Tex. (1849)
Baker university, Baldwin, Kas. (1858)...
S. Stcwe McGowan (chancellor)
ohn W. Hamilton, LL.D., L.H.D... 7
Alexander Meikeljohn, A.M.. Ph.D. 44
George D. Blaok 17
W. S. Lacy D.D 11
Hubert S. 'Lyle. D.D 15
F W. Gunsaulus. D.D., LL.D....
H. C. Morrison, D. D
Edward T. Ware. A.B., D.D
G. B. Stewart, D.D., LL.D
Georg-e Sverdrup, D.D
Oustav Andreen. Ph.D.. D.D
T. S. Clyce, D.D.. C.L.D
Samuel A. Lough, A.M., Ph D
187
126
21
387
165
117
175
60 2.000
25 400
36 650
14 163
16 93
47 716
15 418
UCUVCJl Ulll VC1 Oll/J', J-»dJU Will, JA.CLB. V JLOC/O J OailAUtU ^i.. .L/I'U&IJ, .fl...lTJ.., JT 11 !_/...._... f*~X
Baldwin Wallace college, Berea. 0. (1845)... A. L. Breslich, A.B., D.D.. Ph.D.... 85
Barnard college,* New York, N. Y. (1889)... V.C.Gelderslceve, Ph D..LL.D (dean)102
Bates college,* Lewiston, Me. (1864) W.H. Hart shorn, (acting-), A.M..Ph.D. 40
Samuel P. Brooks. A.M.. LL.D 33
Chas. E. Baskerville. D.D.. (acting) 10
411
Baylor university, Waco, Tex. (1845)...
Bellevue college, Bellevue, Neb. (1880)..
Beloit college,* Beloit, Wis. (1846)
Benedict college, Columbia, S. C. (1871).
Berea college,* Berea, Ky. (1855)
Bethany college, Bethany, W. Va. (1840)
Bethany college, Lindsborg. Kas. (1881) . .
Bethel college, Russellville, Ky
1.547
135
339
741
(Vacancy) '. '..'I...'..'.'.....'..'.... 28
Ernest P. Pihlblad, AM 35
George F. Dasher 14
Birmingham college. Birmingham. Ala. (1897) C. C. Dnniels 14s
Bissell Col. of Photo-Engraving, Effingham, 111. L. H. Bissell 3
Blackburn college, Carlinville, 111. (1857) .... William M. Hudson. PhD.. D.D 10
Bonebrake Theo. Sem., The, Dayton. O. (1871) J. P. Landis. D.D.. Ph.D 7
Boston college, Boston, Mass. (1863) Very Rev. Charles W. Lyons. S.J... 30
Melvin A. Brannon. D.D.. LL.D 31
B. W. Valrntine. A.M.. D.D 36
W. G. Frost. Ph.D.. D.D.. LL.D 68 2,088
557
708
263
318
85
13
61
Boston university, Boston. Mass. (1869) Lemuel H. Murlin, D.D.. LL.D 262 4,256
Bowdoin college, Brunswick. Me. (1794) Kenneth C. M. Sills, LL.D 25 332
947
200
800
1,136
483
642
522
390
163
, , . . . ,
Bradley Polytechnic institute, Peoria, 111 Theodore C. Burgess. Ph.D 42
Bridgewater college, Bridgewater, Va. (1880) Paul H. Bowman, D.D 24
Brigham Young college, Logan, Utah (1877). Christian N. Jensen, Ph.D 35
Brown university,* Providence, R. I. (1764) . . Wilham H. P. Faunce, D.D., LL.D. 80
Bryn Mawr college,* Bryn Mawr, Pa. (1885) . ~
Bucknell university. Lewisburg, Pa. (1846) .
Butler college,* Indianapolis, Ind. (1850)...
Campion col.. Prairie du Chien, Wis. (1880) .
Canisius college, Buffalo, N. Y. (1870)
65
Miss . C.
John Howard Harris, LL.D ......... 36
Thomas C. Howe, Ph.D .............. 29
Rev. Albert C. Fox. A.M.. S.J ....... 35
Rev. L. M. Ahern, S.J.. A.M ....... 16
Carleton college, Northfield, Minn. (1866).... Donald G. Cowling-, D.D., Ph.D ..... 40
Carnegie Inst. Tech.,* Pittsburgh, Pa. <1905) A. A. Hammerschlag, Sc.D.. LL.D. .228 10
rroll college, Waukesha, Wis. (1846) ...... Herbert P. Houghton, Ph.D., LL.D.. 20
450
Carr
Carson & Neman col., Jeff. City, Tenn. (1851) W. L. Gentry 17
Carthage college,* Carthage, 111. (1870) H. D. Hoover. A3!., B.D., Ph.D 30 328
Case Sch. Ap. Science,* Cleveland, O. (1881) Chas. S. Howe. Ph.D., D.Sc.. LL.D. 50 550
Catawba college, Newton, N. C. (1851) A. D. Wolfinger, D.D 12 185
Cathedral college. New York, N. Y. (1903).. William F. Hughes. D.D 25 354
Cath. Univ. of Am., Washington, D. C. (1889) Thomas J Shahan, D.D 85 1.835
Cedarville college, Cedarville, O. (1887) W. R. McChesney. Ph.D 13 181
Centre college, Danville, Ky. (1819) William A Garfield. D D., LL.D 10 269
Central college, layette, Mo. (1857) Paul H. Linn, LL.B.. D.D 12 200
Central college. Tuscaloosa, Ala M. W. Hatton, Litt.M 12 125
Central Wesleyan col., Warrenton, Mo. (1864) otto E. Kriege, D.D.. A.M 25 . 325
Chicago Theological sem.. Chicago, 111. (1854) Ozora S Davis. Ph.D., D.D 10
Chilocco Indian school. Chilocco, Okla
Claflin university, Orangeburg-, S. C. (1869).
O. H. Lipps. (supt.) ............... 34
Lewis M. Dunton. A.M., D.D ....... 21
_____________ _. _. ______ ... . . .., .
Clark college,* Worcester, Mass. (1902) ...... Edmund G. Sanford, Ph.D., LL.D... 23
Clark university, Atlanta, Ga. (1870)
Clark university,* Worcester, Mass. (1889) .
Clarkson Col. Tech.,* Potsdam, N. Y. (1896).
Clemson Ag. col.,* Clemson Col.. S. C. (1896) ,
Coe college. Cedar Rapids, Iowa (1881) ....
Colby college, Waterville, Me. (1820) '.
Colgate university,* Hamilton, N. Y. (1819)
Hemy A. King. D.D. 15
G. Stanley Hall. Ph.D., LL.D 27
John P. Brooks. Sc.D 15
W. M. Rigsrs, E.M.E.. LL.D 58
John A. Marquis, D.D.. LL.D 54
Arthur J. Roberts. A.M 23
Elmer B. Bryan,. LL.D.. L.H.D 50
59
600
643
160
330
66
I
)57
1.037
360
650
_ 23 276
Col. of City of New York,""The, N. Y. (1847) Sydney ~E. MezesTPh'.D.. LL^D. '.'.'.'.'. .267 13,524
College of Hawaii. Honolulu (1908) Arthur L Dean AB, Ph.D 23 145
College of Idaho. Caldwsll. Idaho (1891) William J. Boorie 15 272
Collegreof N. Rochelle, N. Rochelle, N.Y. (19(M> Joseph F. Mooney, D.D 45 350
Colleg-e of the Pacific, San Jose. Cal. (1851 FT. Tully C. Knoles, D.D 25 350
College of Emporia, Emporia, Kas. (1882)... Frederick W. Lewis, D.D
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920. 241
School, location and date of founding-. President.
College of Wooster, Wooster, O. (1868) ...... Charles F. Wishart, D D 49
Colorado Agr. col.,* Ft. Collins, Col. (1871). Charles A. Lory. LL.D " 71 887
Colorado col.,* Colorado Springs, Col. (1874) . Cljde A. Dunaway. Ph.D. LLD '"40 60Q
Colorado Sch. of Mines,* Golden, Col. (1874) . Victor G. Aldc^son D Sc 20 279
Columbia univ.,* New York. N. Y. (1754).. N. M. 'Jutler. Ph.D.. LL.D "Litt'D 1048 19804
Concordia collegre, Bronxville, N. Y. (1881) . . . George A. Romoser. D.D... 8 103
Concordia college, Fort Wayne, Ind. (1839). . Rev. Martin Luecke... 11 237
Concordia college, Milwaukee. Wis. (1881)... M. J. F. Albrecht. D.D... '. 10 153
•Concordia college, St. Paul, Minn. (1893) .... Theodore Buenger ____ 7 153
[Connecticut Agr. col.,* Storrs, Conn. (1881).. Charles L. Beach. B.S., M.S...' '.'. 40 400
-Conn. Col. for Women, N. London (1915) ____ Benjamin T. Marshall M.A D D . 50 300
^Converse col.,* Spartanburg, S. C. (1890)..., Robert P. Pell. A.B.. Litt.D ...... 36 316
'Cooper college. Sterling, Kas. (1887) ........ R. T. Campbell, D.D ......... . 15 210
f Cornell college. Mount Vernon, Iowa (1853). diaries Wesley Flint, D.D.. LLD... 44 T23
Cornell university,* Ithaca, N. Y. (1868) .... Jacob G. Schurman, D.Sc.. LL.D... 776 5,297
fCotner university, Bethany, Neb. (1889) ..... Andrew D. Harmon, AM... .. 27 357
.Creighton university, Omaha, Neb. (1879).... Alex J. Burrows. S.J ........ ...140 1245
iCulver-Stockton col.. Canton, Mo. (1853) ... John H. Wood ....................... 17 158
Cumberland university. Lebanon, Tenn. (1842) Edward P. Childs, A.M ............... 19 211
'Dakota Wes. univ.. Mitchell. S.D. (1883)... Will.am D. Schermerhorn .......... 33 717
Dartmouth college,* Hanover, N. H. (1769). . Ernest M. Hopkins. Litt.D.. LL.D.. Ill 1,100
Davidson college, Davidson, N. C. (1837).... William J Ma'rtin PhD LLD.. . 15 350
'Defiance college. Defiance, O. (1902) ........ Albert G.'Caris, M.A., Litt. D ...... 43 525
Delaware college,* Newark, Del. (1833) ...... S. C Mitchell PhD .......... 51 50O
Denison university, Granville, O. (1831).... Clark W. Chamberlain. Ph.D ....... 40 950
De Paul university, Chicago, 111. (1898) ...... Very Rev. F.X.McCabe. C.M. LLD. 85 1.315
De Pauw university, Greencastle. Ind. (1837). Georgo R. Grose DD LLD.. ..45 1,062
Des Moines college, Des Moines, la. (1865). John A Earl D'D . . .. 35 1.550
Dickinson college, Carlisle, Pa. (1783) ....... James H. Morgan. LL.D... ......... 14 317
Doane college, Crete, Neb. (1872) ........... John N. Bennett ..................... 18 223
Drake university, Des Moines. Iowa (1881)... Arthur Holmes. Ph.D .............. 60 1,475
Drew Theo. seminary. Madison, N. J. (1866) Ezra S Tipples D D.,, LLD... ..... 18 242
Drury college, Springfield, Mo. (1873) ....... Thomas W. Nadal. Ph.D ............. 32 403
Dubuque college. Dubuque, Iowa (1873) ..... Joha C. Stuart. D.D ................. 45 1.02O
Earlham college, Richmond. Ind. (1847) ..... David M. Edwards .................. 34 300
Eastern college,* Manassas. Va. (1900) ...... Hervin U. Roop. Ph.D.. LL.D ....... 20 215
Ellsworth college. Iowa Falls, Iowa (1890)... Ida F. Meyer. Litt.M.. M.A ......... 20 412
Elmhurst academy. Elmhurst. 111. (1871) ...... D. Irion. D.D ....................... 8 145
Elmira college. Elmira, N. Y. (1855) ........ Frederick Lent. Ph.D ................ 32 323
Elon college. Elon College, N. C. (1890) ...... W. A. Harper. M. A.. Litt.D ........ 30 400
Emory and Henry college, Emory, Va. (1838) . Charles C. Weaver, A. M., Ph.D... 12 225
Emory university, Atlanta, Ga." (1836) ...... W. A. Candler. D.D.. LL.D ......... 54 654
Erskine college. Due West. S. C. (1839) ...... Jaines S. Moffat. D.D ................ 8 120
Eureka college. Eureka, 111. (1855) .......... L. O. Lehman (acting) ............. 28 383
Evansville college. Evansville. Ind. (1807).... A. E. Hughes. (Being reorganized.)
Fairmount college. Wichita, Kas. (1895).... W. H. Rollins. D.D .................. 26 43O
Fargo college, Fargo, N. D. (1888) .......... E. Lte Howard, LL.D ............... 31 587
Findlay college, Findlay. O. (1882) ........ William Harris Guyer. A.M.. D.D... 19 669
Fisk university, Nashville, Tenn. (1866) ..... F*yette A. McKenzie. Ph.D ......... 34 550
Fordham university. New York, N. Y. (1841) . Rev. E. P. Tivnan, S.J., Ph.D ...... 309 2.943
Frances Shimer sch.. Mt. Carroll. HI. (1853). Wm. P. McKee. A.M., B.D. (dean) 18 171
Franklin & Marshall col., Lancaster, Pa. (1887) Henry H. Apple, D.D.. LL.D ........ 15 300
Franklin college. Franklin, Ind. (1834) ...... W. R. Cornetet (acting) ............. 8 HO
Franklin college,* New Athens, O. (1825).... W. M. Hughesv A.M.. B.D .......... 7 107
Friends university, Wichita. Kas. (1898) ..... Edmund Stanley, A.M.. LL.D ........ 18 268
Furman university, Greenville, S. C. (1851). . W. J. McGlothlin. Ph.D.. D.D..LL D. 12 286
Gallaudet college, Washington, D. C. (1864).. Percival Hail, M.A.. Litt.D ......... 15 107
General Theo. sem.. New York, N. Y. (1817) Rev. H. Fosbroke, D.D (dean) ---- 16 54
George Peabody college. Nashville, Tenn ...... Bruce B. Payne. A.M.. Ph.D ......... 135 2,000
Geo. Washington U., The, Wash.. D. C. (1821) William M. Collier. LL.D ............ 259 3.15O
Georgetown college, Georgetown, Ky. (1829).. M. B. Adams, D.D., LL.D ........... 21 416
Georgetown univ., Washington, D. C., (1789) . .. John B Creeden ...................... 167 1.182
Georgia Sch.- of Tech. Atlanta. Ga. (1888).... Kenneth G. Mathesorv A.M.. LL.D. 8.9 3,017
Goshen college. Goshen, Ind. (1903) ........... Henry F. Reist ....................... 23 318
Goucher college. Baltimore. Md. (1888) ...... William W. Guth. Ph.D ............. 65 712
Graceland college,* Lamoni, Iowa (1895).... Georg-o N. Briggs, B.A.. B.D ......... 21 320
Grand Island col., Grand Island, Neb. (1892). Arthur T. Belknap ................ 13 135
Greenville college, Greenville, 111. (1892) ..... Eldon G. Burritt, A.M ............... 20 275
Grinnell college, Grinnell, Iowa (1847) ....... J. H. T. Main. Ph.D., LL.D ......... 63 876
Grove City college,* Grove City, Pa. (1876).. Weir C. Kei-tler ...................... 45 712
Guilford col., Guilford College, N. C. (1888). Raymond Bmford .................. 15 177
Gustavus Adolphus col., St. Peter, Minn. (1862) O. J. Johnson, B.D ................... 23
Hamilton college,* Clinton, N. Y. (1812) ..... Frederick C. Ferry. A. M.. Ph.D ..... 23 235
Hamline university, St. Paul, Minn. (1854)... Samuel F. Kerfoot, D.D ............. 36 550
Hamp.-Sidney col., Hampden-Sidney, Va. (1776) J. D. Eggelston, A.M.. LL.D ........ 9 158
Hampton institute,* Hampton, Va. (1868)... James E. Gregg. D.D ................. Ill 1.222
Hanover college, Hanover, Ind. (1832) ....... William A. Millis. LL.D ........... 15 281
Harvard university.* Cambridge, Mass. (1636) A. L. Lowell. M.A., LL.D.. Ph.D. ..814 4.515
Hastings college, Hastings, Neb. (1882).... R. B. Crone .......................... 21
Haverford college, Haverford, Pa. (1833)... William W. Comfort. Ph.D., LL.D.. . 25 200
Hedding college. Abingdon, 111. (1856) ...... William W. Ballingrer ................ 17 192
Heidelberg university, Tiffin. O. (1850) ....... Charles E. Miller, D.D.. LL.D ....... 27
Henderson-Brown col.. Arkadelphia. Ark. (1890) J. M. Workman. A.B.. LL.D ......... 21 253
Hendrix college, Conway, Ark. (1884) ....... J. H. Reynolds. A.M.. LL.D ......... 15 511
Henry Kendall college, Tulsa, Okla. (1895). . . Arthur Lee Odell. D.D ............... 19 313
Highland college, Highland, Kas. (1857) ..... W. Gilbert James, Ph.D ............. 8 68
242 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Instruc- Stu-
School. location and date of founding. President. tors, dents.
Hillsdale college, Hillsdaie, Mich. (1855) Joseph W. Mauck. A.M.. LL.D 14 344
Hiram college, Hiram, O. (185U) Miner Lee Bates. A.M., LL.D 22 354
Hiwasse college,* Madisonviile, Tenn. (1849). J. E. Lowry, A.M 9 198
HoDart college,* Geneva, N. Y. (18^2) Murray Bartlett. D.D 22 94
Holy Cross c-Cilege, Worcester, Mass. (1843).. Rev. James J. Carlin, S.J 32 575
Hope college. Holland, Mich. (18bb) Edward D. Dimnent. D.D 22 423
Howard college, Birmmgnam, Ala. (1889).... E. R. Eagles (acting) 15 422
Howard Payne col., Brownwood, Tex. (1890). J. A. Tolman, Ph.D 20 669
Howard univ.,* Washington, D. C. (1867)... J. Stanley Durkee. Ph.D 131 1,360
Hunter college,* New York, N. Y. (1870)... George S. Davis, LL.D 140 1.621
Huron college, Huron, S. D. (1883) Henry Morehouse Gage, LL.D 24) 392
Illinois college, Jacksonville. 111. (1829) C. H. Rammelkamp, Ph.D 25 499
Illinois Col. of Photography, Effingham, 111.. L. H. Bissell... 7 195
Illinois State Normal univ., Normal (1857).. David Felmly, LL.D 101 2.300
Illinois Wes. univ., Bloomington, 111. (1850).. The9dore Kemp, D.D., LL.D 40 606
Indiana university,* Bloomington, Ind. (1820) William Lowe Bryin. Ph D , LL.D. 150 3.210
£owa State Col. of Ag. & Mech. Arts, Ames C69) Raymond A. Pearson, LL.D 287 3,692
Iowa Wesleyan col., Mt. Pleasant, Iowa (1842) Edwin A. Schell, A.M., D.D.. Ph.D. 20 265
Jamestown college, Jamestown, N. D. (1909) .. Bareiid H. Kroeze, A.M.. D.D..LL.D. 23 303
James Milliken univ., Decatur, 111. ( 1901 ) A. R. Taylor 73 a. 538
John B. Stetson univ.,* DeLand, Fla. (1883). Lincoln Hullcy, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D. 34 649
Johns Hopkins univ.,* Baltimore, Md. (1876) Frank ^ Goodnow, LL.D 300 1,986
Judson college, Marion, Ala. (1838) Paul , . Bomar. A.B., D.D 26 335
Juniata college, Huntington, Pa. (1876) I. H. Brumbaugh, A.M 22 310
Kalamazoo college, Kalamazoo, Mich. (1833). H. L. Stetson, D.D 16 287
Kansas City univ., Kansas City, Kas. (1886) . . A. N. Yv'ard. D.D. .LL.D., (chancellor) 13 HO
Kansas Wesleyan univ., Salina. Kas. (1886).. A. H. King. D.D 21 362
Kemper Hall, Kenosha, Wis. (1871) Mother Mary Maude 17 100
Kentucky Wes. col., Winchester. Ky. (1866).. (Vacancy) 13 223
Kenyon college, Gambier, O. (1824) William F. Peirce, L.H.D.. D.D 14 115
Kingfisher college. Kingfisher, Okla. (1894). Henry W. TuUle 13 136
Knox college, Galesburg, 111. (1837) Jas. L. McConaughy. Ph.D 36 761
Knoxville college, Knoxville, Tenn. (1875). . . James K. Giffin 21 534
Lafayette college, Easton, Pa. (1832) J. H. McCraoken. Ph.D.. LL.D 47 462
LaGrange college, LaGrange, Mo . . Daniel J. Scott H 170
Lake Erie college,* Painesville, O. (1837) . . . Miss V. Small. M.A.. Litt.D., LL.D. 21 140
Lake Forest col.,* Lake Forest, 111. (1876) . . . Hcr.ry W. Wright (acting) 20 167
Lander college, Greenwood, S. C. (1872) John O. Willson. D.D 23 297
Lane college, Jackson, Tenn J. F. Lane, A.M.. Ph.D 19 400
Lane Theological sem.. Cincinnati, O. (1832). William McKibbin, D.D, LL.D 5 3o
LaSalle college, Philadelphia, Pa. (1867) Rev. Brother Richard. F.S.C 22
Lawrence college,* Appleton. Wis. (1847) Samuel Plantz. Ph.D., LL.D 57
Leander Clark college, Toledo, O. (1856).... Henry W. Ward (acting) 14 176
Lebanon university,* Lebanon, O. (1855) H. O.Cunningham. M.A 23 452
Lebanon Valley college. Annville, Pa. (1866). G. O. Gossard. D.D 20 443
Lehigh univ.* South Bethlehem, Pa. (1866). Henry S. Drinker E.M., LL.D 85 901
Leland Stanford. Jr., U.,* Stan. U., Cal. (1891) Ray L. Wilbur, A.M.. M.D 275 1,700
Lenox college, Hopkinton, Iowa (1856) J. F. Hinkhouse, D.D 10 102
Lewis institute, Chicago. 111. (1865) «. George N. Carman (director) 75 3,000
Lincoln univ., Lincoln Univ., Pa. (1857) John B. Rendall, D.D 12 136
Lincoln college, Lincoln, 111. (1865) H. L. Rickert (acting) 12 225
Lincoln Inst. .of Ky., Lincoln Ridge, Ky A. E. Thomson. D.D 15
Livingstone college, Salisbury, N. C D. C. Suggs. A.M, D.D 25 504
Lombard college,* Galesburg, 111. (1851) Joseph H. Tilden. A.M.. LL.D 20 200
Louisiana college. Pineville, Ala. (1906) C. Cottingham. M.A.. 16
Louisiana St. univ.,* Baton Rouge. La. (I860) Thomas D. Boyd. A.M., LL.D 75 1.857
Loyola university. Chicago, 111. (1869) John B. Furay, S.J 150 1.879
Luther college, Decorah, Iowa (1861) Rev. C. K. Preus, A.B 16 129
Macalester college, St. Paul, Minn. (1884)... E'mer Allen Bess 22 344
Manhattan college, New York, N. Y. (1863) . . Kev Brother Edward. F.S.C 20 25o
Marietta college,* Marietta, O. (1835).. . Edward S. Parsons. A.M., L.H.D... 20 300
Marquette univ., Milwaukee, Wis. (1864).... R?v. Herbert C. Noonan, S.J 259 2,020
Maryland St. Col. of Agr., Col. Pk., Md. (1856) Alfred F. Woods, D Sc 50 224
Maryville college, Maryville, Tenn. (1819)... Snmuel T. Wilson, D.D . LL.D 60 826
Mass. Agr. col.,* Amherst, Mass. (1863).. . Kenyon L. Bntterficld, A.M.. LL.D., 70 500
Mass. Inst. of Technology, Cambridge (1861) R. C. Maclaurin, A.M., LL.D.. D.Sc. 242 1,950
McCormick Theo. sem., Chicago, 111. (1829) . . James G. K. McClure, D.D.. LL.D... 16 143
McKendree college, Lebanon, 111. (1828) G. E. McCammon, D.D 15 232
McMinville college, McMinville, Ore. (1857).. Leonard W. Riley. D.D. 16 173
Mercer university, Mllcon. Ga. (1837)... . Rufus W Weaver, Th.D., D.D 35 443
Meredith college, Raleigh, N. C. (1899) Charles E. Brewer, LL.D 28 433
Miami university, Oxford, O. (1809) '.. R. M. Hughes, M.Sc 75 836
Michigan Agr. col.. East Lansing, Mich. (1857) Frank S. Kedzie 157 1,725
Mich. Col. of Mines,* Houghton, Mich. (1884) F. W. McNair, B.S.. B.Sc 23 143
Middlebury college,* Middlebury, Vt. (1800).. John M. Thomas. D.D.. LL.D 33 72b
Midland college, Atchison. Kas. (1887).. . E E. Stauffer 18 201
Milligan col., Milligan College, Tenn. (1882). H J. Derthick 12 145
Mills college,* Oakland, Cal. (1885) AiTrelia H. Reinhardt, Ph.D., LL.D 54 350
Millsaps college, Jackson, Miss. (1892) A. F. Watkms, A.B., D.D
Milton college, Milton, Wis. (1867) Rev. W. C Daland, M A., D.D
Milton university,* Baltimore, Md. (1847).... William H. Heaps, Ph.D., LL.D...
Milwaukee-Downer college, Milwaukee. Wis. . . Miss Ellen C. Sabin, M.A., LL.D..
15 224
14 178
12 250
36 269
Milwaukee-Downer seminary, Milwaukee, Wis. Macy D Rodman (dean) 23 273
Miss. A. & M. col.. Agricultural College, Miss. W. K. Smith. LL.D 86 2,163
Mississippi college, Clinton, Miss. (1826) J. W. Provine, D.D., Ph.D 12 575
Missouri Valley col.. Marshall, Mo. (1889)... W. H. Black. D.D., LL.D 13 232
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
243
School, location and date of founding.
Missouri Wesleyan col., Cameron, Mo. (1887).
Monmouth college, Monmouth, 111. (1857) ....
Montana State college,* Bozeman (1893) ....
Montana Wesleyan college, Helena (1889)
Morgan college, Baltimore, Md. (1867)
Morningside college, Sioux City, Iowa (1894).
Morris Brown university, Atlanta, Ga. (1885) .
Mount Angel col., Mount Angel, Ore. (1887) . .
Mount Holyoke col.,* S. Hadley. Mass. (1837)
Mount St. Mary's col., Emmitsburg, Md. (1808)
Mount Union college, Alliance, O. (1858) ....
Muhlenburg college, Allentown, Pa. (1867)..
Municipal Univ. of Akron, Akron, O. (1870) . .
Musking-um college, New Concord, O. (1837) .
Neb. Christian univ., Bethany, Neb. (1888)..
Neb. Wes. univ., Univ. Place, Neb. (1888)..
Newberry college, Newberry, S. C. (1856) . . ..
N H Col. of Ag. & Mech. Arts,* Durham < 1866)
New Orleans univ.. New Orleans, La. (1873) .
New Rochelle college. New Rochelle. N. Y .
Newton Theo. inst.. New. Center, Mass. (1825)
New York univ.,* New York, N. Y. (1830) . .
Niagara univ., Niagara Falls, N. Y. (1856)..
N.CSt.Col.of Ag.&Eng.,*W.Raleigh,NC.U889)
N. C. Col. for Women.* Greensboro.N.C. (1892)
N. Dakota Agricultural col..* Fargo (1890)..
Northland college, Ashland, Wis. (1892)
North-Western college, Naperville, 111. (1861).
N. W. Mil. & Nav. acad., Lake Geneva, Wis.
Northwestern univ., Evanston, 111. (1865) . . .
Norwich university, Northfield, Vt. (1819) . .
Oberlin college.* Oberlin. O. (1833)
Occidental college, Los Angeles. Cal. (1887) . .
Ohio Northern university. Ada. O. (1871)....
Ohio State university.* Columbus. O. (1870).
Ohio university,* Athens, O. (1804)
Ohio Wesleyan univ..* Delaware. O. (1842)..
Okla. Agr. & Mech. col.* Stillwater (1891)..
Oklahoma City col.. Okla. City C1881)
Oregon Agricultural col.,* Corvallis (1885)...
Oriental univ.,* Washington, D. C. (1903) ....
Ottawa university, Ottawa. Kas. (1865)
Otterbein college, Westerville, O. (1847)
Ouachita college. Arkadelphia. Ark. (1886)...
Pacific university. Forest Grove, Ore. (1849).
Paine college, Augusta, Ga, (1882)
Park college.* Parkville. Mo. (1875)
Parsons college, Fairfield, Iowa (1875)
Penn college, Oskaloosa, Iowa (1873)
Pennsylvania col., Gettysburg, Pa. (1832)...
Pennsylvania Col. for Worn.,* Pitts., Pa. (1869)
Pennsylvania Mil. col.* Chester, Pa. (1858)..
Pennsylvania State col.. The,* State Col., Pa.
Philander Smith col.. Little Rock, Ark. (1887)
Piedmont college, Demorest, Ga. (1897)
Polytechnic inst..* Brooklyn, N. Y. (1854) . . .
Pomona college,* Claremont, Cal. (1887)
Potomac univ.,* Washington, D. C. (1904) . . .
Pratt institute.* Brooklyn. N. Y. (1887)
Presbyt'n Col. of S. C.. Clinton. S. C. (1905) .
Princeton Theo. sem.. Princeton. N. J. (1812)
Princeton university.* Princeton, N. J. (1746)
Pritchett college,* Glasgow, Mo. (1868) ....
Purdue university.* Lafayette, Ind. (1874) . . .
Radcliffe college.* Cambridge. Mass. (1879)..
Rand.-Macon Col. for Men. Ashland, Va. (1830)
Rand -M aeon Wom.'s col., Lynchburg.Va.(1893)
Redfield college. Redfield. S. D. (1887)
Rensselaer Poly, inst..* Troy. N. Y. (1824)....
Rhode Island State col.,* Kingston, R. I. (1892)
Rice institute. Houston, Tex. (1912)
Richmond college. Richmond. Va. (1832) ....
Rio Grande college. Rio Grande. O. (1876) . . .
Ripon college.* Ripon, Wis. (1850)
Roanoke college, Salem. Va. (1853)
Rochester Mech. inst., Rochester, N. Y. (1885)
Rochester Theo. sem., Rochester. N. Y. (1850)
Rockford Col. for Worn..* Rockford, 111 (1847)
Rock Hill college. Ellicott City, Md. (1857)..
Rollins college.* Winter Park, Fla. (1885) . . .
Rose Poly, inst..* Terre Haute. Ind. (1883). .
Rust college. Holly Springs. Miss. (1868)
Rutgers college. New Brunswick, N. J. (1766)
St. Anselm's col.. Manchester, N. H. (1899)..
St. Benedict's college. Atchison, Kas. (1858) . .
St. Charles college, Catonsville. Md. (1848) . .
President.
Cameron Harmon, A.M., D.D.
T. H. McMichael, A.M., D.D 2(
James M. Hamilton, M.S
Leon H. Swoetland. M.A., B.D 20
John O. Spencer, Ph.D 31
Frank E. Mossman. D.D 34
W. A. Fountain. D.D.. PhD 30
Rov. Thomas Meier, O.S.B 20
MissM.E.Woolley.M.A.,Litt.D.L.H D.101
Very Rev. B. J. Bradley, A.M..LL.D. 42
W. H. McMaster, A.M.. D.D 28
John A W. Haas, D.D., LL.D... . 15
P;irko R. Kolbe, Ph.D 30
J. K. Montgomery. D.D 40
A. D. Harmon, A.M 27
I. B. Schreckengast, Ph.M 45
Sidney J. Devrick 10
Ralph D. Hetzel. LL B.. LL.D 58
Charles M. Melden, D.D.. Ph.D 18
Joseph F. Mooney. D.D 25
George F. Horr, D.D., LL.D 8
E. E. Brown, Ph D.. LL.D. (chan ) .433
Very Rev. Wm.E.Katzenberger, C.M. 18
W. C. Riddick, A.B.. C.E.. LL.D 60
Julius S. Foust, LL.D 83
Edwin F. Ladd. B.S., LL.D 59
Joseph D. Brownell 16
Edward E. Rail. Ph.D 26
Col. R. P. Davidson. A.M 16
Lynn Hough, D.D 444
H R. Roberts. D.C.L. (acting).... 20
Henry C. King, D.D., LL.D... ...132
Silas Evans, D.D.. LL.D 27
Albert E. Smith, D D.. Ph.D 35
William O. Thompson. D.D., LL.D.. 556
Alston Ellis. Ph.D., LL.D 120
John W. Hoffman, D D.. LL.D 78
J. W. Cantwell 112
E. G. Green
Edgar O. Lovett. Ph.D., LL.D .... 90
F. W. Boatwright. M.A.. LL.D 37
Simeon H. Bing, A.M... . 12
H. C. Culbcrtson. D.D., LL.D 28
J. A. Morehead. D.D 20
James F. Barker .. 60
Clarence A. Barbour, DD.. .15
William A. Maddox. Ph.D 30
Brother E. Pius. F.S.C 10
George M. Ward. D.D.. LL.D... 25
Carl L. Mees. Ph.D 22
George Evans. A.M.. D.D 24
W. H. S. Demarest. D.D.. LL.D 95
Abbot Ernest. O.S.B 15
Rt.-Rev. Innocent Wolf. O.S.B 23
Charles D. Hogue. S.S.. Ph.D 17
777
843
175
lit
!§g
529
1,046
351
854
218
607
385
25G
60
9,129
250
2.100
1.299
722
180
392
220
4,759
248
1.614
312
1.173
5.725
3.957
1,381
1.753
173
3.186
200
386
528
402
150
303
300
458
402
578
185
William J. Kerr, D.Sc... ...161
H. P. Holler. Ph.D., S.T.D 50
SiJcs Eber Price. D.D 28
W. G. Clippinger, A.B.. D.D 31
Charles E Dicken. A.M.. D.D 26
Robert F. Clark. A.M 14
Albert D. Betts. A.M.. D.D 20
Frederick W. Hawley. D.D.. LL.D.. . 15
R. Amos Montgomery, D.D.. LL.D.. 23
Henry E. McGrew. A.M., D.D 28
W. A. Granville, Ph.D.. LL.D 30
John C. Acheson. LL.D 23
Col. C. E. Hyatt, C.E., LL.D 25 15
Edwin Erie Sparks. Ph.D., LL.D.. .267 5.54i
Rev. James M. Cox, D.D 24
Frank E.Jenkins, D.D 27
Fred W. Atkinson. Ph.D 45
James A. Blaisdell, D.D 50
Ernest W. Porter, LL.D 20
C. L». Pratt. A.M. (director) 182
Davison McD. Douglas, M.A.. D.D.. 13
J. Ross Stevenson. D.D.. LL.D 14
John Grier Hibben. Ph.D.. LL.D 200
Osoar Dahlene. MS 8
W. E. Stone. Ph.D. LL.D 204
LeB. R. Briggs. A.M., LL.D., Litt.D.128
Robert E. Blackwoll. A.M.. LL.D... 14
William A. Webb, Litt.D 50
Edward A. Fath. Ph.D 8
P. C. Ricketts. C.S. E.D.. LL.D 60
Howard Edwards, LL.D 32
507
326
980
701
3,843
127
114
1.500
2,eol
561
262
610
83
623
254
678
500
415
380
297
1.777
97
216
120
193
200
407
1,104
186
244 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
School, location and date of founding. President. or
St. John's college, Annapolis, Md. (1784) Thomas Fell. PhD. LL D DCL °6
St. John's college, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1870) Very Rev. John W. Moore" C.M ' 30
St. John's college, Washington, D. C. (1866).. Brother D. E. Edward, LL D. ' 15
St. John's college, Winneld, Kas A. W. Meyer 9 iHs
St. John's Military academy, Delafield. Wis. . . Sidney T. Smythe. Ph.D. D.D " 25 400
St. John's univ., Collegevilie, Minn. (1857).. Rt. Rev. Peter Engel, O.S.B., PhD 51 402
St. Joseph's college, Collegeville, Ind. (1891). Rev. I. A. Wagner, C.P., P.S.. Ph.D'. 24 300
St. Lawrence university, Canton, N. Y. (1858) Richard E. Sykes, D.D... . 80 550
St. Louis university, St. Louis, Mo. (1818) . . . Very Rev. Bernard J. Otting s'.J.' 235 2 103
St. Mary college. Dayton. O. (1878) Joseph A. Tetzloff '. 40 *800
St. Mary's college, Oakland. Cal. (1863) Brother Gregory. F.S.C.. A.B... .. 30 310
St. Mary's college, St. Mary's. Kas. (1848).. Rev. W. E. Cogley. S.J... .. 25 400
St. Mary's college, St. Mary's. Ky, (1821).. .. Rev. M. Jaglowicz. C.R... . 10 120
St. Meinrad Seminary. St. Meinrad. Ind. (1857) Rt.-Rev. A. A. Abbot, O.S.B... . 20 180
St. Olaf college, Northfield, Minn. (1874) L. W. Boe. D.D ,. 40 6
St. Paul's college, Concordia, Mo J. H. C. Kaeppel 8 1
St. Stanislaus college, Chicago, 111. (1890)... Rev. L. G. Zapala. C.R., A.M 10 22-
St. Stephen's coL.Annandale on H'd'n.N.Y.C '60) I.F.Davidson (acting) 8 89
St. Viator college. Kankakee, 111. (1868) Rsv. James F. Ryan 53 300
Scarritt Morrisville col.. Morrisville, Mo. C46) A. M. Norton 7 70
Scotia Women's col.. Concord/N. C. (1870).... A. W. Verner. D.D 20 275
Seton Hall college,- South Orange, N. J. (1856) James F. Mooney. D.D.. LL.D 19 321
Shaw university, Raleigh, N. C. (1865) Charles F. Meserve. LL.D 23 408
Shorter college, Rome. Ga. (1877) A. W. Van Hoose, A.M.. LL.D 24 272
Shurtleff college, Alton, 111. (1827) George M. Potter. A.M 14- 198
Simmons college,* Boston, Mass. (1899) Henry Lafavour, Ph.D.. LL.D 125 1,406
Simpson colleere, Indianola, Iowa (1860) (Vacancy) 35 530
Sioux Falls college, Sioux Falls, S. D D. F. Charles (chancellor) 16 150
Smith college.* Northampton, Mass. (1872).. William A. Neilson. Ph.D.. LL.D...183 2.103
S. Dakota Sch. of Mines,* Rapid City (1885) C C O'Harra, Ph.D 12 100
S. Dakota State col.,* Brookings, S. D. (1871) W. E. Johnson. Ph.D.. LL.D 75 1.200
So. Baptist Theo. sem., Louisville, Ky. (1859) Edgar Y. Mullins. D.D.. LLJD 14 345
Southwestern college, Winfleld, Kas. (1885)... Albert E. Kirk, Ph.D.. D.D 22 406
S'thwest'n Pres. univ., Clarksville, Tenn. ( 1875) Charles E. Diehl (chancellor) 12 181
Southwestern univ., Georgetown, Tex. (1873) . Charles McT. Bishop, A.M., D.D 20 709
Spelman seminary, Atlanta, Ga Miss Lucy Hale Tapley 52 824
tpringhill college, Mobile, Ala. "(1830) J. C. Kearns, S.J 28 467
tate Col. of Wash.,* Pullman, Wash. (1892) E. 0. Holland. Ph.D 125 1.958
State Univ. of Iowa,* Iowa City, la. (1847). Walter A. Jessup. Ph.D 272 4.002
State university. Louisville, Ky C. H. Parrish. D.D.. F.R.G.S 14 181
State Univ. of Montana,* Missoula (1895).. Edward O. Sisson. Ph.D.., 62 1.134
Stevens Institute of Tech.,* Hoboken, N. J. . A. C. Humphreys. M.E.. Sc.D.. LL.D. 43 469
Straight college. New Orleans, La. (1869)... Howard A. M. Briggrs 30 535
Suomi college, Hancock. Mich. (1896) J. Margelin. A.B., D.D 10 130
Susquehanna univ., Sellinsgrove, Pa. (1869).. Charles T Aikens, D.D 4 14
Swarthmore college, Swarthmore. Pa. (1869).. Joseph Swain. B.L.. M.S.. LL.D... 40 487
Syracuse university,* Syracuse, N. Y. (1870).. James R. Day. LL.D. (chancellor) 35O 4,033
Tabor college. Tabor, Iowa (1866) Nelson W. Weihrhan, Ph.B.. B.D.... 14
TaUadega college.* Talladega. Ala. (1867).... Frederick A. Sumner. M.A 41 631
Tarkio college, Tarkio, Mo. (1883) Joseph A. Thompson, D.D.. LL.D... 23 268
Taylor university. Upland, Ind. (1848) Monroe Vayhinger. D.D 20 246
Teachers college.* New York. N. Y. (1888).. J. E. Russell. Ph.D.. LL.D, (dean) .215 2,363
Teach. Col. of Indpls., The.* Indpls.. Ind. (1882) Mrs. Eliza A. Baker. LL.D 35 1.034
Temple university,* Philadelphia, Pa. (1884). Russell H. Conwell, D.D.. LL.D 325 4.646
Texas Christian univ.. Ft. Worth. Tex. (1873) Edward McShane Waits. A.B 40
Throop Col. of Tech.* Pasadena, Cal. (1891).. James A. B. Scherer. Ph.D., LL.D... 47
Tillotson college. Austin, Tex. (1881) F.W.Fletcher 15
Tome school. The,* Port Deposit. Md .Murray P. Brush. Ph.D 19
Tougaloo college. Tougaloo, Miss. (1869).. . Wm. T. Holmes 26
Transylvania college. Lexington. Ky. (1793).. R. H. Crossfield. Ph.D., LL.D
Trinity college, Durham, N. C. 1838). . . William P. Few. A.M.. Ph.D
Trinity college.* Hartford. Conn. (1823) (Vacancy)
Trinity college, Washington, D C (1900) Sister Catherine Aloysius. S.N.D.
Trinity university, Waxahachie', Tex. (1869)' "S L. Hornbeak. Ph.D.. LL.D
Tufts college. Tufts College, Mass. (1852) H. C. Bumpus. Ph.D.. Sc.D., LL D.265 .
Tulane university,* New Orleans, La. (1834). A. B. Dinwiddie. LL.D 351 2.949
Tusculum college, Greenville, Tenn. (1794)... C. O. Gray. D.D 23 216
Tuskegee, institute,* Tuskegee, Ala. (1881) . . . Robert Bussa Moton, D.D 193 2,481
Union Christian college, Meron, Ind. (I860).. C. B. Hershey 12t
Union college, Barbourville, Ky .. Ezra T. Franklin, A.M 14
Union college. College View. Neb. (1891) Harvey A. Morrison 26
Union college,* Schenectady, N. Y. (1795)... Charles A. Richmond, D.D.. LL D. . 40
Union Theo. sem., New York, N. Y. (1836) . . Arthur C. McGiffert, D.D., LL.D 30
Union university, Jackson, Tenn. (1848) H. E. Watters 50
U. S. Mil. academy,* West Point, N. Y. (180'2) Brig.-Gen.D.M'^rthur, U.S.A. (supt.) 130
U. S. Naval academy,* Annapolis, Md. (1845) Rear-Ad.A. H. Scales. U.S.N. (s=upt.)207 1,586
University of Alabama,* Tuscaloosa (1831)... George H, Denny. LL.D., D.C.L 135 1.850
University of Arizona,* Tucson (1891) R. B. van Kleinsmid. LL.D 60 550
University of Arkansas,* Fayetteville (1871). John C. Futrall, M.A 85 2.330
University of Buffalo,* Buffalo, N. Y. (1846). Charles P. Norton (chancellor) 230 1,050
University of California.* Berkeley (1860) (Vacancy) 600 7,014
Univ. of Chat., Chattanooga, Tenn. (1867)... Frederick W. Hixson. LL.D 22
University of Chicago,* Chicago, 111. (1892).. Harry Pratt Judson, LL.D 344 8,635
Univ. of Cincinnati,* Cincinnati, O. (1870) . . . Charles M. Dabney. Ph.D.. LL.D 299 3,146
University of Colorado.* Boulder (1877) » George Norlin 200 1,500
University of Denver, Denver, Col. (1864) Henry A. Buchtel. D.D.. LL.D 110 1,450
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
245
School, location and date of founding-.
University of Detroit, Detroit, Mich (1879) . .
University of Florida, Gainesville (1905)
University of Georgia,* Athens (178o)
University of Idaho,* Moscow (1892) .
University of Illinois,* Urbana U867) . .
University of Kansas* Lawrebce (1866).....
University of Kentucky,* Lexington (4-865) . .
University of Maine,* Orono (186o) .. .......
University of Maryland * Baltimore (1784) ..
University of Michigan.* Ann Arbor (1837) ..
University of Minnesota,* Minneapolis (18bS)
University of Mississippi * University (1848) .
University of Missouri,* Columbia (1839)
University of Nebraska * Lincoln (1869)
Jniversity of Nevada, Reno (1886) ... ••••••
Jniv of New Mexico, Albuquerque (1892) ...
Jniv: of North Carolina,* Chapel Hill (1789) .
Univ of North Dakota, Grand Forks (1883) . .
Univ of Notre Dame. Notre Dame, Ind (1849)
University of Oklahoma * Norman (1892) ....
University of Oregon.* Eugene (1878) .....
Univ. of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia 1740 - .
Up?)'
°off IMI^SS SSB^l | }\
Univ of Southern Minnesota.* Austin 1896) .
Univ. of South Carolina,* Columbia U8O&) • •
Univ of South Dakota.* Vermilion 1882 . ..
Univ: of the South, Sewanee, Term. (1868)
University of Tennessee,* Knoxville (1794) . . .
University of Texas,* Austin (1883) .. ••••••
University of Utah,* Salt Lake City <18oO)
University of Vermont,: Burlington^ U791) . . .
University oi Wisconsin,^ JXL«*UIO -
University ef Wyoming* Laramie
Upper Iowa university, F^e4tevlo,w|qo
Upsala college, Kemlworth, N J. Uggp)
Ursinus college, Collegeville, Pa. <186%- vuy •
Utah Agricultural col.,* Logan, Utah (1«J«>-
Valparaiso university, Valparaiso Ind. 18/3
Vanderbilt university, Nashville. Term (1873)
Vassar college,* Poughkeepsie N. Y. (1851)..
Villanova college, Villanpva, Pa.. . . . .. • ••• •
Vincennes university * Vincennes, Ind. (1806)
Virginia Christian col., Lynchburg, Va. (19^)
Virginia Military inst.,* Lexington u Va - (1839)
Virginia Poly, inst..* Blackburg. Va. (1872).
vEgiSS Union university, Richmond, Va ...
Wabash college.* Crawl ordsville. Ind. (1832)
Wake Forest col.. Wake Forest, N C (1834)
Washburn college, Topeki KM. IJW&UfeV"
Wash. & Jefferson col.,* Wash., Pav<180£lqi
Wash and Lee univ.,* Lexington Va( 1749)
Washington college. Chestertown. Md (1782)
Wash, col..* Washington College. Tenn. I79o
Washington university, St. Louis, Mo. C185d)
Waynesburg college * Waynesburg. Pa. (18oO).
Wellesley college.* Wellesley. Mass. <187o) . ..
Wells college,* Aurora N. *. <18b8)....
Wesleyan univ., Middletown, Conn. (1831) ....
Western Col. for Women.* Oxford, O (1864)
West. Maryland col.. Westminster Md. (1867) .
Western Reserve univ.,* Cleveland^ O.<|gg9' •
Western Theo. sem., Pittsburgh, Pa (1825) . .
Westminster college, Fulton. Mo. llg/VoiwY
Westminster col.. New Wilmington Pa. 1852
West Virginia university. Morgantown ( Hh7)
W. Virginia Wesleyan col., Buckhannon (1890)
Wheaton college.* Norton, Mass (1834)
Wheaton college, Wheatoru 111. Q8®?' j-'
Whitman college.* Walla Wai a Wash (1
Whittier college. Whittier. Cal. (1001) ..-••••
Whitworth college, Spokane, Wash. (1883) ...
Wilberforce university. Wilberforce. O. (185b)
Wiley university. Marshall. Tex. (1873).
Willamette universitv. Salem. Ore. (1844) ....
Wm. & Mary col.,* Williamsburg, Va (1693)
William and Vashti college. Aledo. 111. (19 08)
William Jewell colleere. Liberty. Mo. (18401 ...
Williams college,* Williamstown, Mass <1703>
William Smith- college,* Geneva, N. Y. (1908)
President.
William T. Doran. S.J..
•J>.
Instruc- Stu-
tors. dents.
69 784
A. H. Murphree, LL.D...... " 43 QSR
David C. Barrow (chancellor) . LL.D 138 3 332
F. H. Lindley. D.D.. Ph.D 86 l'327
Edmund J. James, Ph.D.. LL.D 800 7157
Frank Strong. Ph.D.. LL.D.. (chan.) 220 3*916
Frank LeRond McVey, Ph.D.. LL.D.298 2*315
Robert J. Aley. Ph.D.. LL.D 112
J. M. H. Rowland (dean) 175
900
H. B. Hutchms, LL.D 725 9,546
Manon LeRoy Burton. LL.D 600 5.567
J. N. Powers. LL.D., (chancellor) . . 35 700
Albert Ross Hill. LL.D 288 3 972
S. Avery. Ph.D.. LL.D. (chancellor) 294 4.510
Walter E. Clark, Ph.D 55 400
David S. Hill. Ph.D.. LL.D...
H. W. Chase 125 1625
Thcmas F. Kane. Ph.D.. LL.D... .. 88 1*294
James A. Burns. A.M.. Ph.D 93 1,'433
Stratton D. Brooks. Ph.D.. LL.D. ..165 3683-
Prince L. Campbell. A.B., LL.D... 123 2'.058
E. F. Smith. Ph.D.. LL.D. (provost) 626 5 695
S. B. McCormick. LLJD, (chan.) .. .350 3.932
Paul G Miller. LL.D 82 803
Victor Leroy Duke. LL.D 20 230
Rush Rhees. D.D.. LL.D 45 637
Walter F. Thornton, S.J . 47 375*
G. F. Bovard. A.M.. D.D.. LL.D 310 3.969
L. R. Decker (acting) 28
W. S. Currell 451
Robert L. Sl?gle. M.A., Ph.D....
Albion W. Knight. D.D. (chan.) .
James D. Hoskins (acting)
85
25
.225
800
40
1,893
Robert E. Vinson. D.D.. LL.D 208 4.44o
John A. Widtsoe. A.M.. Ph.D 139 2.356
G. P. Benton. D.D., Ph.D., LL.D 120 896
Edwin A. Alderman, D.C.L.. LL.D.. 75> 2.361
Henry Suzzalo. Ph.D.. LL.D 236 6.007
Edw. A. Birge. Ph.D.. Sc.D.. LL.D.. 682 6 979
Aven Nelson 58 1201
Chauncey P. Colegrove. A.B.. A.M.. 22 '501
Frans Ericsson (acting) 12 60
George L. Omwake. Ph.D 18 224
E. G. Peterson. M.A.. Ph.D 92 2.649
Henry K. Brown. A.M 110 d 318
J. H. Kirkland. LL.D. (chancellor) .145 '785
H. N. McCracken. Ph.D.. LL.D 109 1.120
Rev. James S. Dean. O.S.A 42 611
William Halnow. AM., Ph.D 18 500
J. T. T. Hundley 18 165
Gen. E. W. Nichols (superintendent) 34 600
J. A. Beemuss 53 764
Wm. John Clark 15 293
George L. Mackintosh. D.D.. LL.D. . 2O 219
William L. Poteat. LL.D 40 387
Parley P. Womer, D.D 60 998
Samuel S. Black. D.D.. LL.D 18 321
Henry L. Smith. M.A.. Ph.D.. LL.D. 38 365
Clarence P. Gould. Ph.D 9 112
James T. Cooler, D.D 13 127
Fredk. A. Hall. LL.D.. (chancellor) .200 1,914
J. W. McKay. Ph.D.. LL.D 15 350
Ellen E. Pendleton. M.A.. Litt.D...137 1,594
Kerr D. Macmillan. B.D.. S.T.D 34 234
William A. Shanklin. D.D. LL.D.... 42? 436
W. M. Boyd. Ph.D 40 267
Thomas H. Lewis, D.D.. LL.D 21 274
Charles F. Thwing. D.D.. LL.D 360 4.033
James A. Kelso. Ph.D.. D.D 1* 48
E. E. Reed. M.A.. D.D 11 287
W. Charles Wallace. D.D 20 247
Frank B. Trotter. LL.D 12Q 1.513
Wallace B. Fleming, A.M.. D.D 30
tS. V. Cole. D.D.. LL.D 3O
Charles A. Blanchard, A.M.. D.D... 2Q
S. B. L. Penrose, D.D *, 2.1
Harry N. Wright. Ph.D 14>
Arthur Y. Beatie (closed 1918-19)
Wm S. Scarborough, Ph.D., LL.D-- 50
M. W. Dogan. A.M.. Ph.D 28
Carl G. Doney. Ph.D.. LL.D 22
J. A. C. Chandler. Ph.D 17
Ward L. Ray. A.M 14
John P. Greene. D.D.. LL.D 22
Sarry A- Garfield. LL.D 4
urray Bartlett. D.D 27
581
200
259
310
105
600
585
200
403
481
76
246
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Wilson college, Chambersburg, Pa. (1870) . . .
Winthrop college,* Rock Hill, S. C. (1886) ..
Wittenberg- colleg-e, Springfield, O. (1845) . .
Wofford college. Spartanburg, S. C. (1854)
E. D. Warfield. D.D.. LL.D.. Litt.D
David B. Johnson, LL.D
Charles G. Heckert. D.D....
H. N. Snyder, M.A.. Litt.D., LL.D.
vvonora conege, opanaiiuurs, o. v. VJLOU-*; a.. «< oi^u^*, « 72 1 —
Women's Col. of Delaware,* Newark (1914).. Winifred J. Robinson (dean)
TV uuicii a \-*vi. ux j-fc i ct w 0,1 c , j.i o »» c*j. n. \^.«^-^j./ .. i*"" ^ — ,; . — ~-~ --" — v TT T~*
Worcester Poly, inst.,* Worcester. Mass. (1865) Jra N. Hollis .A.M. L.H.D.. .......
Yale university.* New Haven, Conn. (1701) . .. Arthur T. Hadley, Ph.D. LL.D....
Yankton college, Yankton, S. D. (1881) Henry K. Warren, M.A LL.D
York college. York. Neb. (1890) M. O. McLaughlm. M.A.. D.D
30
12
29
44!
425
24
16
295
1,874
1.023
294
300
500
3.300
517
250
137
480
125
74,935
913
5,000
NATIONAL PARKS IN THE UNITED STATES.
.Under supervision of the secretary of the interior.
Abraham Lincoln Homestead* ..... Kentucky' ........................... July 17, 1916
Antietam ........................ Maryland ........................... Au&- 2°. 189°
Casa Grande Ruin ................. Arizona ............................. June 22.1892
Chickamauga and Chattanooga.... Georgia and Tennessee ............ Aug. 18. 1890
Crater Lake ........................ Oregon ............................. May 22.1902
General Grant ...................... California .......................... Oct. A Mg .............. 2«g°
Gettysburg ............. . ........... Pennsylvania ....................... Feb. 11. 189o .............. 877
Glacier ............................. Montana ............................ May 11.1910 .............. 981,681
-irand Canyon .................... Arizona ........................... Feb. 26 1919 ............ 806.400
Guilford Courthouse* ............... North Carolina ...................... Mar. 2. 191-
Hawaii ............................. Hawaii ............................. Aug. 1, 1916
Hot Springs Reservation ........... Arkansas ........................... June 16. 1880
Lafayette ........................ Maine ............................. Feb. 26. 1919 ...........
Lassen Volcanic ..................... California .......................... Aug. 9, 1916 ...... .
Mesa Verde ................ Colorado ............................ June 29. 1906
Mount McKinley .................... Alaska ............................. Feb. 26. 1917
Mount Rainier.: .................... Washington ......................... May 22. 1899
Platt ..... Oklahoma .......................... June 29. 1906
Rock Creek"" ......... District of Columbia .............. Sept. 27, 1890
Rockv Mountain .. ...... Colorado ............................ Jan. 26. 1915 .............. 230,000
Seauoia ....California .......................... Oct. 1.1890 .............. 160,000
Bhfloh .......... Tennessee ........................... Dec. 27.1894 .............. 3.000
Sully's Hill .................... North Dakota ...................... June 4, 1904 .............. 960
Vicksburg .......................... Mississippi ......................... Feb. 21.1899 .............. 1,233
Wind Cave .......................... South Dakota ....................... Jan. 9, 1903 .............. 10,522
Yellowstone ........................ Wyoming, Montana and Idaho.... Mar. 1. 1872 .............. 2,142,720
Yosemite . ............ California .......................... Oct. 1,1890 .............. 967.680
Zoological ......................... .District of Columbia ............... Mar. 2.1889 .............. 170
*In charge of secretary of war.
NOTES ON NATIONAL PARKS.
42,376
2.200
207,360
848
1,606
230,000
Abraham Lincoln Homestead— Farm near Hodg-
enville, Ky., with log cabin in which Abraham
Lincoln was born.
Antietam— Battle field of the civil war in Wash-
ington county. Maryland.
Casa Grande Ruin — Remains of a large prehis-
toric building near Florence. Ariz.
Chickamanga and Chattanooga — Battle fields of
the civil war in the vicinity of Chattanooga,
Tenn.
Crater Lake — Park contains remarkable moun-
tain, lake and fine scenery in the Cascade
range. Klamath county, Oregon; may be reached
from Klamath Falls or from Medford on the
Southern Pacific road.
General Grant— In Fresno and Tulare counties.
California: forest and mountain scenery;
reached from Sanger on the Southern Pacific
road.
Gettysburg— Battle field of the civil war in
southeastern Pennsylvania.
Glacier— Tract of mountainous country in north-
ern Montana with glaciers, lakes, forests and
peaks.
Grand canyon — In northwestern Arizona ; great-
est eroded canyon within the United States.
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park-
Scene of battle between Gen. Greene and Gen.
Cornwallis, near Greensboro, N. C., in war of
the revolution.
Hawaii — Includes celebrated volcanoes Kilauea,
Mauna Loa and Haleakala ; main feature is
Lava lake at Kilauea.
Hot Springs Reservation— Tract of land in Gar-
land county, Arkansas, noted for its springs
of warm mineral waters.
Lafayette — Lands on Mount Desert island,
Maine, which island was discovered by Sam-
uel de Champlain and upon which he first
landed when, acting under the authority of
Sieur de Monts, he explored and described the
present New England coast; the geology,
fauna and flora on the island are of great
scientific interest.
Lassen Volcanic — Contains volcanic and other
peaks, hot springs, mud geysers, ice caves,
lakes of volcanic glass, canyons and forests.
Mesa Verde — In the extreme southwestern part
of Colorado: contains pueblo and other ruins;
reached from Mancos on the Rio Grande South-
ern road.
Mount McKinley— Area of 2,200 square miles in
south central Alaska, containing Mount Mc-
Kinley, the highest mountain in America;
many large glaciers and beautiful lakes and
forests.
Mount Rainier— Mountain district in southern
Washington: reached from Ashford on the Ta-
coma Eastern railroad and from Fairfax on
the Northern Pacific road.
Platt — Tract of land containing sulphur springs
in Murray county. Oklahoma; reached by Santa
Fe and St. Louis & San Francisco railroads.
Rock Creek— Park in outskirts of Washington.
D. C.
Rocky Mountain — Tract of mountainous land of
great scenic beauty in Grand, Boulder and
Larimer counties, Colorado; contains forests,
lakes and peaks; reached by Union Pacific and
other roads.
Sequoia — Mountain tract in Tulare county, Cali-
fornia, containing forest of big trees; reached
from Visalia.
Shiloh— Battle field of civil -war in Hardin coun-
ty, southern Tennessee.
Sully's Hill— On the shore of Devil's lake. Nortfc
Dakota: contains elevation on which Gen.
Alfred Sully with a few men withstood a
band of Indians for several days in 1863:
reached from Devil's Lake, Narrows and Tokio
stations on the Great Northern road.
Vicksburg— Battle field of civil war near city
of same name in Mississippi.
Wind Cave— Canyon and extensive cave in Custet
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
247
county. South Dakota, twelve miles from Hot
Springs, on the Northwestern and Burlingtou
roads; in Black Hills region.
Yellowstone— Famous park in Wyoming, Montan»
and Idaho, containing geysers and many otbei
natural phenomena as well as beautiful moun-
tain, lake and river scenery: reached from
stations on the Northern Pacific. Burlingtoa
and Oregon Short Line roads.
Yosemite— Splendid valley in the Sierras in Marl-
posa county. California; reached from Merced
on the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific roadi
by way of the Yosemito Valley railroad.
Zoological— Park in Washington, D. O., devote*
to the zoological collection of the government:
adjoins Rock Creek park.
PRESERVATION OF AMERICAN ANTIQUL
TIES.
By law approved June 8, 1906, entitled "Af
act for the preservation of American antiqui-
ties." the president of the United States is au-
thorized, in his discretion, to declare by procla-
mation historic landmarks, historic and prehis-
toric structures and other objects of historic ot
scientific interest that are situated upon land*
owned or controlled by the United States, to b«
national monuments. Under such authority th»
following monuments have been created:
Name and state. Year. Acres.
Bandelier. N. M 1916
Big Hole battle field. Mont 1910 8
Cabrillo. Cal 1913 1.5
Capulin mountain, N. M 1916 680
Chaco canyon, N. M 1907 20.629
Cinder cone,* Cal 1907 5,120
Colorado, Col 1911 13,883
Devil's tower, Wyo 1906 1,152
Devil postpile,* Cal 1911 800
Dinosaur, Utah 1916
El Morro, N. M 1906 160
Gila cliff dwellings,* N. M 1907 160
Gran Quivira, N. M 1909 160
Jewel cave.* S. D 1908 1,280
Katmai, Alaska 1919 1088.000
Lassen peak,* Cal 1907 1,280
Lewis and Clark cavern, Mont 1908 160
Montezuma castle, Ariz 1906 160
Mount Olympus,* Wash 1909 608,640
Muir Woods, Cal 1908 295
Natural bridges. Utah 1909 2.740
Navajo. Ariz 1909 600
Oregon caves,* Ore 1909 480
Petrified forest, Ariz 1906 25.625
Shoshone cavern. Wyo 1909 210
Sitka. Alaska 1910 57
Tonto,* Ariz 1907 640
Tumacacori. Ariz 1908
Verendrye. N. D 1917 253
Walnut canyon, Ariz 1915
Wheeler.* Col 1908 300
Zion. Utah 1909 15.840
•Administered by department of agriculture:
others by interior department, except the Big
Hole battle field, which is under the war de-
partment.
NOTES ON NATIONAL MONUMENTS.
Bandelier— Prehistoric aboriginal ruins in San-
doval and Santa Fe counties, New Mexico,
with cliff dwellings, ceremonial caves and
other relics of a vanished people.
Big Hole battle field— Scene of fight at Big Hole
pass on Big Hole or Wisdom river. Aug. 9.
1877. between Nez Perce Indians under Chief
Joseph and a small force of soldiers com-
manded by Col. John Gibbon; in Silver Bow
county. Itfontana; reached from Melrose.
Cabrillo statue— At Point Loma, Cal.; land first
sighted by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, discoverer
of California, when he approached San Diego
bay. Sept. 28, 1542; site of about VA acres
set aside for heroic statue of Cabrillo.
Capulin mountain— Striking example of recent
extinct volcanoes in Union county, New Mex-
ico, near town of Des Moines.
Chaco canyon— Located in San Juan and McKin-
ley counties, New Mexico; contains extensive
prehistoric communal or pueblo ruins.
Cinder cone — An elevation in Lassen county in
northern California; is of importance as illus-
trating volcanic activity in the vicinity 200
years ago.
Colorado — Extraordinary examples of erosion in
Mesa county, western Colorado; reached from
Grand Junction.
Devil postpile — Natural formations, including
Rainbow waterfalls, within the Sierra national
forest in California; area set aside is on
middle fork of San Joaquin river.
Devil's tower— A lofty and isolated rock In
Crook county, Wyoming; is an extraordinary
example of the effect of erosion In the higher
mountains.
Dinosaur— Section in eastern Utah containing
an extraordinary deposit of dinosaurian and
other gigantic reptilian remains of the Jura-
Trias period, which are of great scientific in-
terest and value.
El Morro— An elevation near Wingate station on
the Santa Fe railroad in New Mexico; con-
tains prehistoric ruins and Interesting rock
inscriptions.
Gila cliff dwellings— In the Mogollon mountains.
New Mexico; known also as the Gila Hot
Springs cliff houses: are among the best pre-
served remains of the cliff dwellers of the
southwest.
Gran Quivira— Ruined town not far from Manzano
in the central part of New Mexico; remains
of large cathedral and chapel and of many
houses thought to date from prehistoric times.
Jewel cave — A natural formation of scientific
interest within the Black Hills national for-
est in Custer county. South Dakota.
Katmai— Belt of unusual volcanic activity on
the southern coast of Alaska, including
Mount Katmai and the "Valley of the Ten
Thousand Smokes," exhibiting1 remarkable
natural phenomena.
Lassen peak — In natural forest of same name in
Shasta county, northern California; marks the
southern terminus of the long line of extinct
volcanoes in the Cascade range, from which
one of the greatest volcanic fields in the
world extends.
Lewis and Clark cavern — An extraordinary lime-
stone cavern near Limespur, Jefferson county.
Montana.
Montezuma castle— Large prehistoric ruin or cliff
dwelling on Beaver creek. Arizona.
Mount Olympus — Mountain in the state of Wash-
ington; has extensive glaciers and on its slopps
are the breeding grounds of the Olympic elk.
Muir woods — In Marin county. California: an ex-
tensive growth of redwood trees of great age
and size; land presented to the government
by William Kent, formerly of Chicago.
Natural bridges — Rock formations in southeastern
Utah extending over streams or chasms; hav*>
loftier heights and greater spans than any
other similar formations known; reserved as
extraordinary examples of stream erosion.
Navajo-j-Within the Navajo Indian reservation
in Arizona: includes a number of prehistoric
cliff dwellings and pueblo ruins new to science.
Oregon caves — Within the Siskiyou national for-
est in Oregon; caves are of natural formation
and of unusual scientific interest and impor-
tance.
Petrified forest— Deposits of fossilized or mineral-
ized wood In Gila and Apache counties. Arizona.
Pinnacles — A series of natural formations of
rock with a number of caves underlying them:
located within Pinnacles national forest in
California.
Rainbow bridge — An extraordinary natural bridge
in southeastern Utah, having an arch which
in form and appearance is much like a rain-
bow; is 309 feet high and 278 feet span: of
scientific interest as an example of eccentric
stream erosion.
Shoshone cavern — A cave in Big Horn county,
Wyoming, of unknown extent, but of many
248
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
windings and ramifications and containing
vaulted chambers of large size, magnificently
decorated with sparkling crystals and beauti-
ful stalactites, and containing pits of un-
known depth.
Sitka— Tract of about fifty-seven acres within
public park, near Sitka, Alaska; battle ground
of Russian conquest of Alaska In 1804; site of
former village of Kiki-Siti tribe, the most
warlike of Alaska Indians; contains numer-
ous totem poles constructed by the Indians,
recording the genealogical history of their sev-
eral clans.
Tonto— Comprises two prehistoric ruins of ancient
cliff dwellings in Gila county. Arizona.
Tumacacorl — Ruin of an ancient Spanish mission
of brick, cement
county, Arizona.
and mortar in Santa Cruz
Verendrye — A high and imposing butte, locally
known as Crowhigh mountain, on the Missouri
river, near Spanish, N. D. ; used as observation
point by Verendrye, an explorer, between 1738
and 1742 ; place of historic interest.
Walnut canyon — Canyon eight miles southeast of
Flagstaff; contains ruins of cliff dwellings of
great ethnographic, scientific and educational
interest.
Wheeler— Volcanic formations illustrating erratic
erosion; in Rio Grande and Cochetopa national
forests in southwestern Colorado.
Zion — Canyon in southwestern Utah through
which flows the north fork of the Rio Vir-
gin or Zion river; an extraordinary example
of canyon erosion.
STATE
Alabama— Wetumpka.
Alaska— Sitka (U. S. jail).
Arizona— Florence.
Arkansas— Little Rock.
California — Folsom.
San Quentin.
Colorado— Canon City.
Connecticut — Weathersfield.
Delaware— Wilm'gton(w'khouse)
District of Columbia— D. S. jail.
Florida— Tallahassee (commis-
sion).
Georgia — Atlanta (commission).
Illinois— Joliet. Chester.
Idaho — Boise.
Indiana— Michigan City.
Indianapolis (women).
Icwa— Fort Madison, Anamosa.
Kansas — Lansing.
Kentucky— Frankfort.
Eddyville (branch).
Louisiana— Baton Rouge.
Maine — Thomaston.
Maryland— Baltimore.
PRISONS IN THE UNITED
Massachusetts— Charlestown.
Bridgewater.
South Framingham (women).
Michigan — Jackson.
Marquette (branch).
Minnesota— Stillwater.
Mississippi — Jackson.(comm'sion)
Missouri— Jefferson City.
Montana — Deer Lodge.
Nebraska — Lincoln.
Nevada — Carson City.
New Hampshire— Concord.
New Mexico — Santa Fe.
New Jersey— Trenton.
New York — Auburn.
Dannemora (Clinton).
Great Meadows (Oomstock).
Sing Sing lOssiniog).
North Carolina— Raleigh.
North Da kola- -Bismarck.
Ohio— Columbus.
0 klahoma— Me Alester.
Oregon — Salem.
Pennsylvania — Philadelphia.
STATES.
Allegheny (Pittsburgh).
RhoJe island — Howard.
South Carolina— Columbia.
South Dakota— Sioux Falls.
Tennessee— Nashville.
Petros (branch).
Texas— Huntsville.
Rusk.
Utah— Salt Lake City.
Vermont — Windsor.
Virginia— Richmond.
Washington— Walla Walla.
West Virginia— Moundsville.
Wisconsin — Waupitn.
Wyoming— Rawlins.
UNITED STATES PBISONS.
Atlanta. Ga.— Penitentiary.
Fort Leavenworth, Kas.— Pen!'
tentiary.
McNeil's Island. Wash.— Peni-
tentiary.
Mare Island, Cal. — Naval prison.
Boston, Mass. — Naval prison.
Portsmouth, N.H.— Naval prison.
IMPEACHMENT CASES 'IN THE UNITED STATES.
BEFORE UNITED STATES SENATE.
The senate has sat as a court of impeach-
ment in the cases of the following accused
officials, with the result stated:
William Blount. senator from Tennessee, in
1799: charg-es dismissed for want of juris-
diction, Blount having resigned previously.
John Pickering-, judge of the United States Dis-
trict court for New Hampshire; removed
from office in 1804.
Samuel Chase, associate justice of the Supreme
court of the United States: acquitted 1805.
James H. Peck, judge of the United States
District court for Missouri: acquitted 1831.
West H. Humphreys, judge of the United States
District court for Tennessee; removed from
office. 1862.
Andrew Johnson, president of the United
States: acquitted 1868.
William W. Belknap, secretary of war; ac-
quitted 1876.
Charles Swayne, judge of the United States
District court for the northern district of
Florida: acquitted 1905.
Robert W. Archbald. associate judge of the
United States Commerce court; convicted
1913.
AGAINST GOVERNORS.
Nine governors in the United States have
faced impeachment proceeding's. These men
and the results that followed were:
Charles Robinson. Kansas. 1862: acquitted.
Harrison Reed, Florida, 1868; charges dropped.
Wm. W. Holden. North Carolina, 1870: re-
moved.
Powell Clayton. Arkansas. 1871: charges
dropped.
David Butler. Nebraska. 1871: removed.
Henry C. Warmoth. Louisiana: 1872: term ex-
pired and proceeding's dropped.
Adelbert Ames. Mississippi. 1876: resigned.
William Sulzer, New York. 1913; removed.
James E. Ferguson, Texas, 1917; removed.
FATAL THEATER FIRES AND PANICS.
Theater or hall and date. Lives lost.
Banquet theater. Oporto, March 21. 1888. 200
Barnsley. England (hall). Jan. 11. 1908.. 16
Barraque theater, Belgium, Dec. 22. 1912. 12
Bologoe, Russia, March 6, 1911 120
Canonsburg, Pa., opera house. Aug. 26.
1911 26
Carlsruhe theater. Petr
;rad. 1847 200
2lphia. April 28.
6
Central theater. Phila
1892
Conway's theater. Brooklyn, Dec. 5, 1876 295
Exeter theater. England. Sept. 5. 1887.... 200
Flores theater, Acapulco, Mex., Feb. 14,
1909 250
Front street theater. Baltimore. Dec. 8.
1895 23
Houston Street theater. N. Y.. Feb. 2.
1913 2
Iroquois, Chicago, Dec. 30. 1903 575
Italian hall. Calumet, Mich., Dec. 24.
1913 72
Lehman's theater. Petrograd. 1836 700
Mayag-uez. Porto Rico, June 19, 1919 60
Opera-Comique, Paris. May 25. 1887 75
Rhode's opera house, Boyertown, Pa.,
Jan. 13. 1908 170
Richmond (Va.) theater. Dec. 26. 1811.. 70
Ring- theater. Vienna. Dec. 8. 1881 640
Surabaya theater. Java. Jan. 26. 1914... 75
Valence-sur-Rhone. France, June 1. 1919 80
Vervins. France. March 9. 1913 10
Villareal theater. Spain/May 27. 1912... 80
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
24»
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE.
Fiscal years ended June 30.
ir\i o
101'
Articles imported.
Quantities. Values.
Quantities.
Values.
Aluminum, crude Ibs.
Manufactures of
1,503.776
8480,786
49,452
6.822,616
$2,216,065
106,103
Animals
21.958,378
40,924,766
Antimony — Ore Ibs.
6,526.292
495,953
1,782,121
109,392
Matte, regulus Ibs.
33,934,515
3,939,174
25,294,702
2,153,774
Art works
10,365,813
6,947.363
Asbestos, unmanufactured tons
117,183
5,384,712
117.808
6,503,948
Asphaltum and bitumen tons
139.899
863.476
95,235
697,283
Beads and bead ornaments
1.773.280
2,357,325
Bones, etc., unmanufactured
1,374.546
28,113.123
475.202
Brass for remanufacture Ibs.
32.831.075
5.626,800
10,630,959
1,267,416
Breadstuff s
98.135,220
47,860,560
Bristles, prepared Ibs.
\ 3.936,667
4.894.046
4,177,019
5,649,025
Bronze, manufactures of
421.738
130,526
Brushes, dusters, hair pencils
3.170,148
58,379,689
2,815,013
Cars, etc. — Automobiles No.
50
52,578
89
40,625
Parts of
65.120
37,622
Chemicals, drug's, dyes —
152,236,065
•
150,225,186
Argols Ibs.
30.267,388
5,443.628
32.228,216
5,281,794
Quinia. sulphate of oz.
3.273,628
810.775
3,334,164
1.536,251
Colors or dyes
2,507.296
1,934,296
2,753,116
Creosote oil gals.
3.857.869
329.846
9,094,960
1,096,319
Tanning1 extracts Ibs.
106.097.925
5.137.205
143,497,440
6,023,133
Glycerin Ibs.
1,875,531
804.618
1.171.679
372,272
Gums.
22.089,638
76,669,119
21,786,997
Indigo Ibs.
3.125,497
3.895.114
1,590,176
1,551,467
Nitrate of soda tons
1.607,020
70.129,026
1,346,679
68.229,548
Potash Ibs.
25.106,688
4,977.409
37,192,069
2 022 320
China clay tons
194,225
1,322.603
146,416
1,438,031
Clocks and parts of
106,525
91,463
Watches and parts of
9,371.570
10,506,413
Coal, bituminous tons
1.391.535
6,147,596
1,008,250
5,514,564
Cocoa or cacao (crude) Ibs.
399.040.401
41,277,479
313.037.419
35,953,990
Coffee Ibs.
1.143,890,889
103.058.536
1,046,029,274
143.089,619
Copper — Ore tons
377.124
18.318.781
214,632
11,175,004
Concentrates tons
160.998
9,492.501
150,912
9,705,980
Matte and reg-ulus tons
21.658
5.279,976
40.743
8.761,995
Pigrs, ingots, bars, etc Ibs.
341.167.180
, 83,745.595
376,368,801
84.797,219
Cork, unmanufactured
3.061,827
26,505,971
1,736,102
Manufactures of
2.017,146
2,008.581
Cotton, unmanufactured Ibs.
103,325,647
36.020.483
103,592,194
37,633.612
Manufactures of
44,751.181
34,762.723
Diamonds, uncut carats
12.928,010
259.330
15,594.795
Cut, but not set carats
13.929.772
302,860
29,140,182
Dyewoods tons
87.476
2.018.122
27,510
550,244
Earthen, stone and china ware
6.824,612
6,498,081
Eggs of poultry doz.
1.619,069
483,636
847,671
233,003
8.297.149
16,284,790
Feathers, natural and artificial...
3.017.221
2,027,851
2,609.477
Fertilizers
5,356,061.
5,883,376
Fibers, unmanufactured tons
389.853
109,042,470
8,659
7,715,520
Manufactures of
92.530.957
98,924,770
Fish
26.190.515
28,058,506
Fruits and nuts
77.256.090
68,332.364
Furs, undressed No.
35.679.554
103,814,907
37,965,713
Manufactures of
2.709.818
2,873,468
Gelatin, unmanufactured Ibs.
365,586
133,057
74,933
44,811
Glass and glassware
1.723.014
4,110.604
Glue and glue size Ibs.
2.048.543
348.241
554,217
195,919
Gold and silver, manufactures of . .
1.954.030
1,371.001
Grease and oils Ibs.
28.000.428
3,343.565
29,073,540
2,980,185
Hair, unmanufactured Ibs.
9.963.291
2.687.673
8,619.270
2,310.712
Hats, bonnets, and materials for..
3.205,194
8,045,399
Hay tons
410,738
4.618,764
277,448
3,677,025
Hides and skins Ibs.
432.516.693
131.629,352
448.141,726
149,288,544
Hide cuttings, raw glue stock
21.710,205
936,393
8,833,386
518,266
Household goods, etc
3.778,811
5 375,222
India rubber, unmanufactured
207.562.458
161,'837,031
Iron — Ore tons
837.546
3.116,109
660,602
3.569.967
Iron and steel, manufactures of..
25.071.077
24 306 839
Ivory, animal and vegetable... Ibs.
1.887.148
31,201,991
1.678,542
Lead and manufactures of Ibs.
11.970.197
146,677,903
7 409,539
Leather and manufactures of
22.603.851
15,423,184
Matting- and mats sq. yds.
12,095.720
1.827.749
12 849,469
2.760,143
Meat and dairy products
38.866,771
60.445.083
Musical instruments
710.354
680 700
Nickel ore and matte tons
58.776
9.120.269
42,866
9,746,693
Oils of all kinds
117,928.119"
144 680 480
Paints, pigments and colors
961,047
997 624
Paper stock, crude
3.234.762
3,198,535
350
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1919
Articles imported.
Paper and manufactures of
Printing1 paper Ibs. 1
Quantities. Values.
542,955.817
,204,040.485 34,234,222
3 497 695
Quantities.
i,263',442',092
Values.
$46, 551. 731
38,565.487
3,670,577
1,525,486
6,764,259
2,363,553
4,057,849
2 222 519
35,212,664
1,710,559
217,517,484
29,349,198
316,183
12,190,560
28,911
51,317
2,039,194
131,094
603.315
7,471,060
309,403,314
2,018,447
687,777
24,390,722
65,285,801
66,329,689
9,983,622
769,465
33,687,305
92.289,532
28,581.103
224,410,062
13,279.481
718.609
1 322 044
9 268 525
3 327 697
Platinum and manufactures of .
4 575 161
25,825 6.127,887
60 841 623
18,671
Seeds
Shells unmanufactured . Ibs
2 227 610
7.148,041
188 454 812
35068958
Soap . Ibs
359 008
1,680,454
72,357,565
27,911
14.524
Spice Ibs.
78.071,170 11,519,214
762.066 708.907
1,377.096 4,331,483
4 447 076
Spirits — Malted liquors gals
Distilled spirits .. . gals
Wines .
Mineral waters
192.514 253,584
783067
103,256
ttone and manufactures of .
130,730,861 9,177,833
.903,327,249 237,015,371
810.075 4.522.335
1 287 593
130,074,717
5,836,047,722
370,272
Sugar Ibs 4
Sulphur ore ... . tons
Tea Ibs.
151.314.932 30,889.030
136.519,310 74,543.006
79,367.536 45,320.524
7.066.219
108,172,102
93,707,183
83,951,103
Tin . . Ibs
Tobacco — Unmanufactured Ibs.
Toys
2 028 745
Vegetables
95.714.268
Pulp' tons
504,128 31,589.090
379,129,934 198,545.911
27.476,798
475,691
422,414,664
"Wool, unmanufactured Ibs
Manufactures of .
102.234 2.499.468
39,630
Total value merchandise. { J^te ;
2,118.599.372
827,460,031
g
.230.222,338
865,654,244
Total value imports*
•Including articles not specified in
2,946,059.403
above table.
3,095.876,582
EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE.
Fiscal years ended June 30.
inio lOtrt
Articles exported!
Abrasives
Quantities. Values.
$6 469 108
Quantities.
Values.
$5,764.353
42.662,724
7,512,007
2,092,816
520,910
5,206,251
2,233,929
187,347
Agricultural implements
35 076 911
Aluminum and manufactures of
11 294 850
Animals — Cattle . . . . No
18.213 1.247,800
9.280 256,629
84.765 14,923.663
28.879 4,885.406
7.959 97.028
42.345
17,390
27,975
12,452
16.117
Hogs No.
Horses No
Mules No
Sheep No.
Total animals, including fowls. .
21733594
10,718,851
58,448
3,311,465
729,662
673,231
2,958,099
21,149,416
27,687,047
1,549,432
26,705.819
14,722.336
5,220,215
79,492,663
15,235,762
53,653,629
424,543,010
268,062,907
Art works
317 711
Asbestos, manufactures of
2 112 339
Asphaltum, unmanufactured. .tons
Manufactures of
22,052 548.271
488 892
22,767
Athletic and sporting goods
1 602 121
Brass and manufactures of
61 443 993
Breadstuffs — Barley bu
26,408.978 41,939.964
14,917,301 1,973.388
40.997,287 75,305,692
2.018.859 20,358.644
346,560.222 17,567.218
105,881.233 86.125.093
196,363,268 14,174,513
12.065.922 24.157.536
34,118.853 80.802.542
21.880.151 244.861.140
20,457,781
8,602,953
16,687,538
1,583.327
Bread and biscuit Ibs
Corn bu
Oatmeal Ibs
Oats bu
96.360.974
193.128,025
27,540,188
178.582,673
24.190.092
Rice Ibs
Rye bu
Wheat bu
Wheat flour brls.
Total breadstuffs (all kinds).. .,
Candles Ibs
633,309,485
5,530,017 900,514
20 8,652.197
64.507 77.173.499
30 933 006
0,305,651
51
54,196
954,779,894
1,901,536
12,861,401
79,047.767
116,266,550
32,407,827
3,715,015
545,665
Cars, etc.— Aeroplanes and parts of
Automobiles No
Parts of
Steam railroad cars No
11.070 13.077,122
10,746 2,373,396
10.389 719.625
14,560
14.214
5,680
Motorcycles No
Wagons No.
Total cars, etc. (all kinds)
Celluloid and manufactures of ,
156.774.448
, 3 744 745
198,191,866
6,571,002
5,871,902
148,051.419
4.851,695
106,989,501
Cement, hydraulic . brls
2,575,205 5.'989.'081
181,726.498
1,938.223
Chemicals
XJlocks and watches
Coal tons
25.894.166 111,825.165
22,438.067
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
251
1910
Articles exported.
Coke tons
Quantities. Values.
1.387.321 $10,155,047
Quantities. Values.
1,053,133 $8,499.102
Cocoa and chocolate
6.554.431
10,835,409
40.905.750
5,921,883
37,224,166
7.252,294
2,704.734
464,329
5,566,800
1.199,298
Confectionery
1,856,751
3,043,993
Copper, ore tons
51.545
984.709
10,821
335,218
Manufactures of.
269.546,619
144,349,605
Cotton, unmanufactured bales
4.528.844
665,024,655
5,295,711
863,161,409
169,398,420
232,680.723
1,753,446
2.460,011
Earthen, stone and china ware....
7.757,099
7,766,564
Egg's doz.
18.969.167
7,167,134
28,384,783
12,449.345
54.527,570
80,712.310
Explosives — Cartridges
13.672,371
8.776,736
Dynamite Ibs.
18.911,668
4,991,508
13,525,096
3,190,447
340.516,883
262,201.813
109.613,165
85,812,211
Shells, etc
40,130,298
835.171
All other
38.559.249
23.192,040
378,901.793
122.730.877
Fertilizers tons
252.924
5,840,139
346,949
9,407.217
Fibers
29,868,520
35,014,942
Fish
30.449.505
37,199,828
Fruits and nuts
34.480,678
71,292,813
13,903,631
14,612,015
Glass and glassware
14.012.756
21,898.185
Glucose and grape sugar Ibs.
97.858.301
5,994.671
136,230.373
7,464,052
Grease, lubricating
2,986,815
4,878,115
2,612,488
2,811,338
Hair and manufactures of
1,478 498
1,873.776
Hats and materials for
4.150,501
5.016,153
Hay tons
30.145
907,401
29,013
864,922
Hides and skins other than furs, Ibs.
12,144.817
4.089.493
14,790.673
5,579,103
Honey Ibs.
16,090.672
2,509.570
10.368.342
2,422.454
Hops Ibs.
3,494.579
993 773
7.466,952
2,333,850
Household and personal effects....
5,575,532
9,358,615
India rubber, manufactures of. . . .
33,343.181
43,856.588
Instruments, scientific, etc
4,872,902
5.445,896
Iron ore tons
1,185,769
4.877.380
1,356,602
5,969,853
Iron and steel and manufactures of
Firearms
1.125,889,371
49 159 271
1,064,974.299
18,886,091
Lamps, chandeliers, etc
3,826,594
4,478.884
19.108.238
12,579,633
Leather and manufactures of
100.920,272
182.908.949
Meat and dairy products —
97,366,983
30,051.507
108,489,472
44,320,197
Beef, fresh Ibs.
370,057,514
67,386,359
332,205,176
79,227,540
54,867,310
7,702,308
45,067,861
9.087,262
Oleo oil Ibs.
56,648,102
12,166,482
59,092,322
15,720,944
6,404,896
1,631.267
18,570,200
5,179,339
Tallow Ibs.
5,014.964
931.941
16,210.997
2,327,705
Bacon Ibs.
815,319,424
221,477,220
1,239,540,973
378.729,046
419.571,869
108,106,862
667.848,019
204,667.696
Lard Ibs.
392.498.435
98,214,348
725.577.868
210,417,859
Neutral lard Ibs.
4.258.529
1,074,603
17,395.888
5.392,710
5,194.468
1,731.835
5.273.508
1.997,386
Pork, pickled Ibs.
33,221,502
7,545,011
19,644,388
6,065,267
Pork, fresh Ibs.
21,390.302
5,225.987
31,504,497
7,444,532
Lard compounds Ibs.
31.278.382
6,613,640
131,750.503
32,036,692
Mutton Ibs.
2,098,423
453,232
2,173,994
511.065
Poultry and game
1.241,232
3,799,348
Sausage, canned Ibs.
5,787.108
1.487,874
8,503.580
2,782.551
All other Ibs.
9,232.341
3,232.681
9,721 925
3,882,751
Sausage casings Ibs.
6.281.086
3.039.369
13,524.093
4,938,202
Stearin Ibs.
10.252.522
2,180,485
11,537.284
2.309,979
Butter Ibs.
17.735.966
6,852.727
33,739.960
15.843,522
Cheese Ibs.
44.330.978
10.785,153
18,794.853
5.733,029
Milk, condensed Ibs.
529.750.032
68.039.597
728.740.509
99,970,769
Total meat and dairy products
679,848.942
1,167.850.576
Motor boats No.
218
2,460.583
151
2,301,454
Musical instruments
4,915 299
5,757,785
Naval stores (rosin, tar, etc.)
11.172.234
(17.777,497
Nickel, oxide and matte Ibs.
18.818.212
7,680.502
10,011.826
3.988,251
Oil cake and meal Ibs
201,403.956
4,994.193
575,421,159
16.668,973
Oils— Animal gals.
Mineral gals.
999.017
2,677.037,650
1.155.013
298.144.927
1.787.794
2,531,260,784
2.514,775
344,613,100
Vegetable
25.020 890
58 891,504
Paints, pigments and colors
16.894 154
23.227.108
Paper stock (ex. wood pulp). Ibs.
Paper and manufactures of
32,923.186
652.782
50 357 686
35,932,956
881,840
84 073 264
Paraffin and paraffin wax Ibs.
246.660.620
18.541.528
238,808.007
24.557,386
Perfumeries, cosmetics, etc
3.965.465
6 077,851
Phonographs, etc No.
91.267
2.610.866
12.290,317
49.717
4.543,332
16.943.127
252
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1020.
Articles imported.
Quantities.
Values.
Quantities.
Values.
$4,630.753
S3, 811, 369
Salt
. .Ibs.
267,045.840
1,416.798
242,143,146
1,541,766
Seeds
5.659,163
7,702,973
Silk, manufactures of
12,140.817
22,354.895
Soap
9.140.712
17,619,404
Spirits — Malt liquors
1,731.159
2,573,352
Distilled
.gals.
9,079.700
5,718,640
12,266,589
7,393,640
Wines
.gals.
2,765,395
1.389,319
3,447,862
2,944,976
Starch , ,
,lhs,
74.135.593
4,548.974
143,788,230
7.530,998
1.885,466
2,404,438
Sugar, etc.— Molasses
.gals.
3,811,341
847,692
6.123,765
1,277,980
Sirup
.gals.
7,690,074
4,823,912
10,842,832
6,117,329
Sugar, refined
Ibs
576,415,890
38,756,680
1,115,865,524
81,569,972
Surgical appliances
11,293,791
16,948,415
Tobacco, unmanufactured....
..Ibs.
289,170,793
69,699,725
625,304,513
189,806,797
Manufactures of
21,713,541
35,304,498
2,023,624
2,062,607
Vegetables
26.972,272
53,513,794
Wood and manufactures of ...
82.054,086
104,559,396
Wool, manufactures of
17,749,421
31,247,222
Zinc, manufactures of
31.573.770
24.569,818
Total domestic merchandii
se*...
5,847,159.678
7 074 Oil 529
Total foreign merchandise
81,125.963
151,072,728
Grand total
5.928.285,641
7,225,084,257
•Including articles not specified
in above table
SUMMARY OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF
Fiscal years ended June 30.
, 1918
Imports. Value.
Free of duty— Crude materials for use in man-
ufacturing $1,099,244,156
Foodstuffs in crude condition, and food ani-
mals
Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured..
Manufactures for further use in manufac-
turing
Manufactures ready for consumption
Miscellaneous
Total free of duty
Dutiable— :Crude materials for use in manu-
facturing
MERCHANDISE.
Per ct. Value. Per ct.
51.89 $1,108,865.243 49.73
14.76 319,887,378 14.34
3.57 92.422J1108 4.14
20.55 488,681.928 21.91
8,67 212,446,173 9.53
.56 7,919.508 .35
100,00
2,118,599.372 100.00 2.230.222,338
131,008,274 15.84 141,849.821 16.38
Jj'ooastuiis in cruae condition, ana looa am-
60 000 422
7.25
56,340,752
6.51
Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured..
Manufactures for further use in manufac-
304,602,543
105.338,410
36.83
12.74
363,819.240
1117,144.350
42.03
13.54
Manufactures ready for consumption
218,839.917
26.46
180,748,404
20.88
7,266,465
.88
5.751,677
.66
827,056.031
100.00
865,654,244
100.00
Free and dutiable — Crude materials lor use in
manufacturing
1,230.252,430
41.76
1,250,715.064
40.41
Foodstuffs in crude condition, and food ani-
372,681,751
12.65
376,228.130
12.15
Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured..
Manufactures for further use in manufac-
turing
380,227.084
540,742,182
12.91
18.36
456,241.348
605,826,278
14.73
19.57
402.670,415
13.67
393.194.577
12.70
19.081.541
.65
13,671,185
.44
Total imports of merchandise
2,945,655.403
100.00
71 9"
3,095,876.582
100.00
72 04
179,998,383
184,457,867
Average ad valorem rate of duty, based on
imports for consumption
6.28
' 6.08
Remaining in warehouse at the end of month
Exports.
Domestic-^-Crude materials for use in manu-
897.324.082
15.37
1,215,960.910
17.19
Foodstuffs in crude condition, and food ani-
374,978,216
6.42
719.715,994
lO.fl.7
Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured . .
Manufactures for further use in manufac-
1,153,702.460
1.201,439,423
19.76
20.57
1,785,179,560
952,775,871
25.24
13.47
2,185,420,221
37.43
2.384,801,297
33.71
25.7-87,655
.45
15,577,897
.22
5,838,652,057
100.00
7,074,011.529
100.00
Total foreign
Total exports .,
81,059,314
5,919.711.371
1511,072,728
7,225,084.257
4 129 °07 675
.'..!!.
Total imports and exports
8.865,366.774
10.320,960.839
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
263
TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS INTO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES.
From Oct. 1. 1790, to June 30, 1919.
FISCAL YEAR.*
MERCHANDISE.
^ ) SPECIE. «*"•
MDSE. AND SPECIE COMBINED.
Imports.
Exports.
Excess of im
ports (rom.
or exports
(italics).
Imports,
gold and
silver.
Exports,
gold and
silver.
Total ~-
imports.
Total
exports.
Excess of im-
ports (ronuui)
or export*
(Italics).
1790
$23,000,000
29,200,000
31,500.000
31,100,000
34,600,000
69,758,208
81496,164
75,379,406
68,551,700
79,069,148
91,252,768
111,363,511
76,333.33c
64,666,666
85,000,000
120,000,000
129,410,000
138,500,000
56,990,000
59.400,000
85,400.000
53,400,000
77,030,000
22.005,000
12,965,000
113,041,274
147,103.001
12li75o!oOC
87,125,000
74,450.000
54,520,834
79,871,695
72,481,371
72,169,172
90.189,310
78,093.511
71,332.938
81,020.083
67,088.915
62,720,956
95,885,179
95,121,762
101,047,943
108,609,700
136,764.296
176,579,154
130,472,803
95,970,288
156,490,956
98,258,706
122,957,544
96,075,071
42,433,464
102,604,606
113,184.322
117,914,065
122,424.349
148.638,644
141,206,199
173,509,526
210,771,429
207,440,398
2(53,777,265
297,803,794
257,808,708
310,432,310
348.428,342
263,338.654
331,333,341
353,616.119
289.310.542
189.356,677
316!447^283
238,745,580
434,812,066
395,761,096
357.436,440
417,506,379
435.958,408
520,223,684
626,595,077
$20,205,156
19,012,041
20,753,098
26 109 572
$2,794.844
10,187,959
10,746.902
4 990 428
$23,000,000
29,200.00(
89,756,26!
81,436,164
75,379,406
68,551,700
79,069.148
91,252,768
111,363,511
76,333,333
64,666.666
S&OOOOOI
120,600.000
129,410,000
138.500,000
56,990.000
59,400.000
85,400.000
53,400,(XK
113I0411274
147,103,000
99,250,000
n,4WW
62,585,724
83,241,541
77,579.267
80,548,142
96,340,075
84,974,477
79,484,068
88,509,824
74.492,527
70,876,920
103,191,124
101,029,266
108,118,311
126,521,332
149,895,742
189.980,035
140.989,217
113,717,404
162.092,132
107.141,519
127,946.177
100,162,087
64,753,799
108,435,035
117,254.564
121,691,797
146,545.638
154,998,928
147,857.439
178,138,318
216.224,932
212,945,442
267,978,647
304,562.381
261,468,520
314,639,942
360,890,141
282,613.150
338,768,130
362,166,254
335,050,153
205,771,729
252,919,920
329,562,895
248.555,652
445,512,158
417,831,571
371,624,808
437.314,255
462,377,587
541,493,708
640,338,766
$20,205,156
19,012,041
20,753,098
26 109 572
12,794.844
10,187,959
10,746,902
4,990,428
1,556.275
21,766,398
22,861,539
24,084,696
7,224,289
403,626
20,280,988
18,342,998
4,376,189
8,866.633
7,300,926
25,033,979
27,873,037
30,156,850
34,559,040
7,196,767
18,642,030
7,916.832
38,502,764
6,851,017
6,037,559
60,483,521
65.182,948
11.578,431
28,468.867
16,982,479
4,758,331
2,488,658
11.081,260
2.880,237
4,561,485
3,195313
7,379,125
2.840,759
16,245,138
2,133,868
2,972,588
21,880,541
13,852,323
17,977,878
22,184.359
28,202,165
61,316.995
23,569,841
6.230,788
41,063,716
24.944.427
6.094,374
4,529.447
19,592,681
2,765,011
2,607.958
8.203.281
12,102,984
966.797
2,101,619
26,239,598
2,163,079
3,287,076
37.002,490
26,237.113
13,688,326
12,324.968
2,070,541
42,031,271
16,021,333
37,956,042
86,305,240
21,786,412
15,201,138
65,328.366
14,883,123
10.608.565
J>2,457,058
> 4, 112, 193
94.058,178
11,450,153
231.542
116,283^48
1791
1792
1793
33,043,725
47,989,872
68,574,625
61,294,710
61,327,411
78,665,522
70,971,780
93,020,513
71,957,144
65.800.ft33
77.699,074
95.566,021
101,536,963
108,343,150
22,430,960
52,203,233
66,757,970
61,316,832
38,527.236
27,856.017
6,927,441
52,557,753
81,920,052
87,671,569
93,281,133
70,142,521
69,691,669
54,596.323
61,350,101
68,326.043
68,972,105
90,738,333
72,890.789
74,309,947
64,021.210
67,434,651
71,670,735
72,295,652
81,520,603
87,528,732
102,260,215
115,215,802
124,338,704
111.443,127
104,978,570
112,351,673
123,668,932
111.817.471
99,877,995
82,825,689
105,745,832
106,040;ill
109.583,248
156,741,598
138,190,515
140,351,172
144,375,726
188,915,259
166,984,231
203,489,282
237.043,764
218,909,503
281,219,423
272,011,274
292,90^,051
333.576,057
219.553.833
190.670,501
158lS37!988
166,029,303
348,859,522
294,506,141
281,952,899
286,117,697
392.771,768
442,820,178
444,177,586
1,556,275
21,766,396
22,861,539
24,084,696
7,224,289
4031626
20,280,988
18,342,998
4,376,189
8.866,633
7,300,9%
25,033,979
27,873,03"
30,156,850
34,559,040
7,193,76"
18,642.030
7,916,632
38,502,764
5,851,017
6,037,55!:
60,483,521
65,182,948
11.578.431
28.468,867
16,982,479
4,758,331
75,469
18,521,594
4,155,328
3,197,067
649,023
5,202,722
2,977,009
16,998,873
345,736
8.949,779
23,589,527
13,601,159
13,519,211
6,349,485
21,548,493
52,240.450
19,029,676
9,0083*2
44,245.285
25,410,226
11,140,073
3,802,924
40.392,225
3,141,226
7,144.211
8,330,817
34,317,249
1(i-IS:i?
29.133.800
21,856,170
40,456,167
60.287,983
60,760.030
38,899,205
29,212,887
54,604,582
8,672,620
38;43l|290
20.040.062
69.756.709
1.313.284
39,371.368
157.609,295
72,716,277
85,952,544
101.254.955
75,483,541
131.388.682
43,186.640
77,403,506
82,417,491
33I0431725
47,989,872
58,574,62o
51,294,710
61.327,411
78,665,522
70,971,780
93,020,513
71,957,144
55,800.033
77,699,074
95,566.021
101.536,963
108,343.150
22,430,960
52,203,233
66,757.970
61.316.832
38.527.236
27,856,017
6,927,441
52,557,753
81,920.052
87,671,569
93,281.133
70,142.521
69,691.669
65,074.382
72,160,281
74,699,030
75,986,657
99,535,388
77,595,352
82,324.827
72,264,686
72,358,671
73,849.508
61.310,583
87,176.943
90,140.433
104,336.973
121,693,577
128,663,040
117,419,376
108,486,616
121.028,416
132,085,946
121,851,803
104,691.534
84.346.480
111.200,046
114,646.606
113,488.516
158,648.622
154,032,131
145,755.820
151,898.720
218.388,011
209,658.366
230,976,157
278,325,268
275,166.846
326.964.908
362,960,682
324.644,421
356,789.462
400,122,290
249.344 913
227.558,141
268,121,058
264,234,529
233.672,529
434,903,593
355,374.513
375,737.001
343.256,077
450,927,434
541,262,166
524,055.120
1798
iRfln
1R01
1802....
1803
Specie included with
merchandise prior
to 1821.
•JQf|F
IfiOfi
1R07
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1R14
ifitfi
1816
1817
18,064,890
3,369,846
5,097,896
8,378,970
! 6.150,765
6,880.966
8,151,130
7,489,741
7,403,612
8,155,964
17,911,632
13.131,447
13,400,881
10,516,414
17,747,116
5,595,176
8,882,813
4.988.633
4,087.016
3J77,732
24,121,289
6,360,284
6,651,240
4,628,792
6,453,503
5.505,044
4,201,382
6,758,587
3,659,812
4,207,632
12,461,799
19,274,496
7,434,789
8,550,135
46,339,611
16,415,052
9,584,105
13,115.612
9,810.072
10,700,092
22,070.475
14,188.368
19,807,876
26,419,179
21,270,024
13,743,689
110,478,059
10,810,180
6,372,987
7,014,552
8,797.055
4,704,563
8,014,880
8,243,476
4,924,020
2,178,773
9,014,931
6,656,340
2,611,701
2,076,758
6,477,775
4,324.336
6,976,249
3,508,046
8,776,743
8,417,014
10,034,332
4,813.539
1,520,791
5,454,214
8,606,495
3,905,268
1,907,024
15,841,616
6,404,648
7,522,994
29,472,752
42,674.135
27,486.875
41.281,504
56,247,343
45,745,485
69,136,922
52,633.147
63,887,411
66.546.239
29,791.080
36,887.640
64,156,611
105,396,541
67.643.226
86,044.071
60,868,372
93,784,102
57,138,380
58,155,666
98,441,988
79,877,534
1822
1823
182JS
Igot*
1827
1828. . . .
1829
1830
1835
1836
183ft
•iQog
i84o:::;.":::::::.':
1841
1842
1844
1845
1846....
1847
1852. . . .
1853
1854
1855
1856 .
1857....
1858
1863....
1864
18fifi
1867
18fifl
1869....
1870
1871...
J872 :.::::::::::::
254
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS -CONTINUED.
FISCAL YEAR.*
MERCHANDISE.
SPECIE.
MDSE. AND SPECIE COMBINED.
Imports.
Exports.
Excess of im-
ports (rom.)
or exports
(italics).
Imports,
gold and
silver.
Exports,
gold and
silver.
Total
Imports.
Total
exports.
Excess of Im-
port* (rommn
(itftlici).
JUJ
$642,136,210
567,406,342
533.005,436
460,741,190
451,323,126
437.051.532
445,777.775
667.954,746
642.6tU.628
724.639.574
723.180.914
667,697.693
577,527,329
635.436,130
692.319,768
723,957.114
745.131,652
789.310.40!)
844.916.1116
827,402.46^
866.400.922
654.994.622
731,969.965
779,724,674
764.730.412
61S.049.654
697.148.489
849,941,184
823.172.165
903,320.948
1,023.719,237
991,087,371
1.117.513,071
1,226,568343
1.434,421,425
1 194 341 792
$522,479.922
586,283.040
513,442,711
540,384.671
602.475,220
694,865,766
710,439.441
835.638.658
902.377.346
750,542,257
323,839.402
740,513,609
742,189.755
679,524,830
716.183,211
695.954.507
742,401,375
857,828,684
884,480,810
1,030.278,148
847.665,194
892.140.572
807,538.165
882.606.938
1,050.993.556
1,231,482.330
1,227,023.302
1,394,483.082
1,487,764.991
1,381,719,401
1,420.141.679
1,460.827.271
1,518.561,666
1.743,864.500
1,880,853.078
1.860.773,346
1.663.011.104
1,744.984.720
2,049.320.199
2,204.322.409
2,465,884.149
2.364.579,148
2,768.589.340
4.33o.i;o8.St;o
>,m048.olM
5.919.711.371
7,225,084.257
$119.656.288
18,676.69*
19.562.725
79,643.4*1
1^1,152.094
257,814.234
264.661,666
167.683.912
259,712.718
25.902.683
100.658.488
72.815.916
164.662.426
44.088.694
23.H63.443
28.002.607
2.730.277
68,518.275
39,564.614
202.875.686
18,735.728
237.145.95tl
75.568.200
102.882.264
286.263.144
615.432.676
529,874,813
544,541,898
664.592.826
478,398.453
394,422.442
469,739,900
401,048.595
517,300,657
446,429.653
666.431,554
351,090,880
188,037.290
522.094.094
550,967,475
652.905,915
470,653,491
1,094.419,600
2,135,775355
3,630,693,209
2,974.055.968
4.129,207.675
821,480.937
28,454,906
20,900,717
15,936.681
40,V 74,414
29.821.314
20.296.000
93.034,310
110,575.497
42,472,390
28,489.391
37,426,262
43.242,323
38.593,656
60.170,792
59,337,986
28,963.073
33.976,326
36,259,447
69,654.540
44.367,633
85,735.671
56.595,939
62,302.251
115,548,007
151.319. 455
119,629,659
79,829.486
102,437.708
80,253.508
69.145.51»
126,824,182
81,133,826
140,664.270
157,456,873
192,995,418
87.958,799
88,557.099
119.544.262
95,986,719
110,462,541
96,865,263
200.679.078
528.163.676
1.012,179.589
194,741,636
141.188.999
$84.608.574
66,630.405
92,132.142
56.506.302
56.162.237
33.740,125
24.997.441
17,142,919
19,406,847
49,417.479
31,820,333
67,133,383
42.251,525
72.463,410
35.997,691
46,414,183
96,641.533
52,148,420
108.953,642
83.005,886
149,418,163
127,429,326
113,763,767
172,951.617
102.308,218
70.511,630
93.841,141
104.979,034
117,470,357
98,301,340
91.340.854
130,932,688
141.442,836
103.442,654
108.138,249
130,354,126
147,214,610
173.850,076
87,259,611
122.219,013
149.376,933
167,003.552
197,166,335
150.0U.071
570.201,158
330.033,623
417.750.085
$663,617,147
595,861,248
553,906.153
416,677.871
492,097,540
466.872.84j
466,073,775
760,989,056
753,'240,125
767,111.964
751,670.305
705,123,955
620,769,652
674,029,792
752,490.500
783,295,100
774.094,725
823286735
$607,088,496
652,913,445
605,574,853
596.890,973
658,037.457
728,605,891
735.430,882
852,781,577
921.784.193
799,956,736
855,659,735
807,646.992
784,421,280
751,988.240
752.180.902
742.368.690
839,042,908
909.977,104
993,434,452
1,113.284.034
997,083.357
1,019,569,898
921,301,932
1 .055.558.555
1.153.301.774
1.301.993.960
1.320.864.443
1,499,462,116
1,605.235,348
1,480,020,741
1.520,482,533
1.591,759,959
1.660,004,502
1.847,307,154
1,988,989,327
1.991.127,472
1.810.225.714
1.918.734,796
2,136,579,810
2,326,541.422
2,615.261.082
2,531.582.700
2,965.755.675
4,483,699,936
6.660.249,550
6.249.744.994
7.642.834.342
156,528,651
57,052,197
51,668,700
120,213,102
166.539,917
261,733,045
269,363,107
91,792,521
168.544.068
32.847,772
103.989,430
102.523^037
163.651,628
77.958,448
309.658
40,926,410
64,948,183
86,690,369
112,258,809
216,227,032
86,314.802
278.839,605
132,736.028
213,531,630
273,023,355
534.624.851
504.086,295
569.691.446
679,625,475
496,436.285
425,617,778
473,848,406
461.357,606
520.079.041
397,111.029
603,790.662
410,346.691
273.230267
489.809.443
577,199.769
691,820,307
540,791,780
1.090.906,857
1.757,652,750
2,988,714,776
3.108.347.955
4,405,768,761
187^
1876
187ft
1879
188(1
1881...
1882
188;)
1886 .
1887...
1888. . . .
1889
1890
1891
881,175,643
897,057,002
910,768.555
740,730.293
788,565,904
842,026.925
880,278.419
767.369.109
816,778,148
929,770.670
925,609.873
983,574,456
1,094,864.755
1,117,911,553
1,198,646.897
1,367,228,113
1,591,878.298
1,387.337,210
1,399,879,023
1,645,504.529
1.646,770.367
1,749,341,653
1.923.440.775
1.990.790.920
1.874.848,818
2.726,047,186
3,671.534,774
H, 140.397.039
S.237,065,581
1COJ
1895....
1896. . . .
1897
lgjj
1901
1 no-)
1903. . . .
1904...
1905. . . .
1906....
1907
1908
1909
1.311,920.224
1.556.947.430
1.527,226,105
1.653,354.934
1.812.978,234
1 ,893,925,657
1.674,169,740
2.197,883.510
2.659.355.185
> i) (5 (^5 40^
1910
1911 ..
1912....
1918
1914....
1915
1916
1917. . . ,
1918....
1919
3.095.876.582
* Fiscal year ended Sept. 30 prior to 1S43; since that date ended June 30.
Note— Merchandise and specie are combined I pose of showing- the total inward and cut-
in the columns at right of table ior the pur- | ward movement of values by years.
TONNAGE.
1918. 1919.
Entered— American 19.283,530 19,694.012
Foreign 26,172,407 25.259.605
Total 45.455,937 44.953.617
Cleared— American 19.261,733 21,326.734
Foreign 26.807,749 26,595,996
Total 46,069,483 47,922,730
GOLD AND SILVER.
Metal. 1918. 1919.
Gold— Imports $124,413,483 $ 62,263,733
Exports 190,852,224 116,575,535
Silver— Imports .... 70,328.153 78,825.266
Exports 139,181,399 301.174.550
DUTIES COLLECTED ON IMPORTS.
On principal articles or groups of articles
imported into the United States for consump-
tion.
Articles. 1917.
Animals $127,854
Ereadstuffs 2,506.972
Chemicals 6,479,307
Clocks, watches 1.585,279
Cotton* 19.370.102
Earthenware 2.752.027
Feathers 1.519,826
1918.
$85.633
1.378.234
5.994.932
2,593.069
14,032,346
3,089.443
971.793
Articles. 1917. 1918.
Fibers* $10,335,053 $9,478,857
Fish 769,115 230.978
Fruits and nuts 5,919,670 4.686.378
Furs* 1,170.935 612.055
Glass* 585,434 479.396
Hats, bonnets 2.401,959 1.809.924
Iron and steel 2.707.564 2.440.565
Leather* 1.729.897 1,535,771
Malt liquors 686,296 234.874
Meat, dairy products.. 949.997 764.508
Oils . . 2,897,628 2.250,102
Paints 195.116 110.060
Paper* . . 1,682.215 1.181,549
Perfumeries 1.980,031 1.774,782
Pipes . . 1.538.582 2,757.581
Precious stones 8,086,182 4.835,688
Seeds . . 2.739,698 2,978.315
Silk* 18,088.180 12.202.607
Spirits, distilled 7.946.343 3.758.234
Sugar . . . 55.382.140 48,980.573
Tobacco* 29.837.013 21,960.646
Toys 1.492,529 703.146
Vegetables 2.734.518 1.759,187
Wines . 4.758.385 2.976.154
Wood* 775.878 631.186
Woolt . 525,271 133.804
Wool* 6.590,475 8.829.508
*Including manufactures of. tUnmanufac-
i tured. {Manufactured.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
255-
VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE BY COUNTRIES.
Fiscal years ended June 30.
Countries.
1918 1919.
$12.766 $308,700
1,514.054 1.553.773
80.053 647.869
8 569 78.971
1.022.397 2,294,048
2 179 3U9.053
75.638,078 62.693.315
64,094 944,981
2212 13.912
18,481,432 22.876,904
777.663 905.774
30.014.349 21,573.527
4,171 3.656
16.396.633 30.652.531
3,235.020 3.219,245
5.030,633 4.427.723
1918.
1919.
$19.441. 60S
353,828
322.940,837
1,281.036-
93,167,530
9,509.167
976.696,797
8,843.882
39.979-L38
22.908.250
3.884,961
496.174.736
1.374.951
103.801^757
101.641.460
21,975,728
1,050,451
11,390,318
2,696.876
98,931,638
78,119,187
63,223.093
8,017.376
2.029.916.069
93,847,767
23.648.405
Azores and Madeira islands....
Belgium
$179.514
95.390,695
Denmark
" 4.969,542
68,360
883.734.921
France
Germany .
Gibraltar
6.488,618
2,573,882
2,014.288
477.898.774
147.785
6,381.964
25.216.242
21.681.537
310,774
116,705.346
17.497
67.163.288
4,122.550
21,246.078
Greece
Iceland and Faroe islands...
Italy .
Malta. Gozo. etc
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Russia in Europe
15.146,826
* '24,565.565
10.636.354
18,862,990
2.927.434
"30, 979'. 183
5.820,070
18.648.788
4.966.558
129,345.899
15,303.866
12.457.813
Serbia, Montenegro and Albania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey in Europe
United kingdom — England
150.403.714
18.792.315
20.886.427
1,849,341,528
136.084.411
10.437.358
Scotland
Ireland
Total united kingdom
190,082.456
157.107.578
1.995.863.297
2.147.412,241
Total Europe
North .America — Bermuda
4,11,578,494
704.540
0 361 358
372,953.593
1,475.954
2,729,655
468,954.818
8,222.108
11,115.721
6,259.412
4.596.303
8,301.179
5.273.599
3.732,174,352
2.279.606
2.420,184
778,490,022
1,903.224
5,563.493
4.618429
4.377,688
23.641.116
3.479.332
4.634,816.841
1.977.170
2,307.804
813,723,031
4,175.646
5,946,331
6,189.248
5,519,137
21,262.539
5.038.229
British Honduras.. ..
Canada
434,254,567
7,615,482
7 822 960
Central American states
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Honduras
5,437.809
4,590.037
7 845 390
Nicaragua
Panama
Salvador
6.870.432
Total Central Amer. states. . .
Greenland
40,182,110
218.513
140,659.542
3.191
6,218,304
685.102
3 °8° 98°
43.768.32^
97.500
157,693,451
40
6,032,781
539,158
3,377.210
4.964.791
2.301.621
43,582,982
13,192
107,077.033
262,327
9,656,144
2,701,156
7,834.096
6.999.946
5,389,838
48,131,130
7,730
119,962.982
373.581
14,545,065
3.752,541
7.579,635
7,041,495
4,459,773
Mexico
Miquelon. Langley. etc
Newfoundland and Labrador. .
West Indies-
British West Indies: Barbados
Jamaica
Trinidad and Tobago
Other British
7,144.415
3,009.956
Total British West Indies....
Cuba
14,122,455
264.024.006
8,061.412
1.056.622
122.960
4.815.544
1.542,222
11.182,780
337,654.142
9.801,954
2.240,746
61.128
9,496.037
1.380.888
22,925.036
235,469.608
16,011,690
1,622.796
6,381.127
8,359.922
1.807.344
22,833,444=
229.545.706
15,578,663
1,424,440
7,614,692
12,152,876
1,754.028
Dominican Republic
Dutch West Indies
French West Indies. . .
Haiti
Virgin islands of the U. S
Total West Indies
293,745,221
371.817,675
292,577.523
290.903.849
Total North America
South America— Argentina
918.347,346
195.633,348
122.917
113,511,954
141,075.704
25,975.988
10,887,968
400,000
364.002
972,395
4,991
69,797
41,580.773
23,530.682
13,287,738
1,052,570.196
166,061.539
700.253
125,283,489
135,602.542
28.267.604
9,009.005
1,236,359,013
109,373.150
3,581.395
66,270.046
63,529.124
10.994.199
4,924.544
30a,009
5,266.778
982.407
761,906
670.766
22,011,583
18,064,880
7.823.007
1,291,932,342
138,831,832
6,731, 918
93.294,275
70.288,581
13,441,256
5.017.686
81,493
5.921,229
2.087.1 J 6
1.270,616
734.379
26,149.900
27,775,692
9.275,680
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile ' '
Colombia
Ecuador
Falkland islands
Guiana : British. ....
310.863
868,064
16.778
363.159
34,835,636
47^23.263
19*732,709
Dutch
French .
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Total South America
Asia — Aden . ,
567.418.257
1.516.605
116.644.981
568,374,904
2,381.281
105.762.859
314.558.794
257,764
43 47fi fi23
400.901.601
326,313
R2 992 49.T
China
256
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Im ortg
Countries. r
China, leased territory:
1918. 1919.
1918.
$21,346
333,950
23.112
5.642.417
1919.
$12,417
64,265
24.055,680
$1,640
189,746
22,365,206
$7.720
87,606
9,408.291
140.777,343
10.082
105,277,743
159.188,127
32.140,262
128,319.451
298,973
125.471.468
137.576.918
24.327.632
49,497.448
1,068.735
42,395,622
8,810,297
1,087.024
92.496,112
3.411,371
50,501,740
12,200,452
1.570,695
East Indies:
British— British India
Other British
Total British East Indies.
296.606.132
79,314.233
332
404
18,086,274
284,945.439
888,084
3.649.663
156,981
222 039
20.031
287,376.018
71,036,606
492.950
** 26,066,355
303.993.041
447,675
2.736,841
173,231
7,567,652
13,927
52.292.943
19,777,504
316,790
8.663
20,275,638
267,641,212
119,714
34,718.541
1,148,484
305,557
274
64,272.887
44.845,561
<1.368,923
10,430
24,721,067
326.462,269
644,960
41,455,457
2.113.851
1,794.711
636
Other Asia
826,193,642
49,471,485
11,836.778
3,029.439
830,904,001
74,643,999
24.750,634
4.776.025
447,429,267
66,581,501
17.378,678
751.635
603,924,548
109,034.686
27,999,468
786,806
Oceania —
British Oceania: Australia....
64,337,702
2,834,673
931,920
78.101,412
104.170.658
1,878,593
1,468.118
82,490 760
84.711,814
1,266.965
487,321
48.425.088
137.820,960
1.225,897
273,760
69,030.876
146,205,707
190,008.129
134.891,188
2,000
333*970
8,029.263
35,199.720
1.518.891
208.351.493
14.809
16.761,226
33,295,835
440.394
865,053
14.598.023
36,388,174
863.370
2,731,839
9.120,488
44.841.871
1,382.091
British Africa : West
South
East
50.497,455
159,066
20,907,958
899,833
58,117
207.572
35,594
25.298
178,421
2,927.834
51,849.567
164,341
23,934,571
1,138,922
49.211
378.804
225.163
26,979
304.244
2.038.904
44,747,874
226,232
3,149,994
2,102,443
6,842
421
151,270
149,344
309,814
3,099,287
17,266
55*344,450
1,088.036
10,293,189
7.895.308
5.424
137,577
333.849
539,656
1.859,782
4,814.177
54.145
Liberia • ......
Spanish Africa
Total Africa
75.911,957
81.065.750
54.298.757
85,157.432
Grand total
2.945,655.403
3.095,876,582
5.919.711.371
7,225.084,257
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MERCHANDISE BY CONTINENTS.
Fiscal years ended June 30.
EXPORTS.
North
South
Asia and
Tear.
Europe.
America.
America.
Oceania.
Africa.
Total.
1912.
.$1.341,732,789
$516.837,597 !
5132,310,451
$189,398,148
$24.043,424
$2.204,322,409
1913.
. 1,479,074,761
617,413,013
146,147.993
194.159,465
29,088.917
2,465,884,149
1914.
. 1,486,498,729
528,644.962
124.539.909
196,994.033
27.901.515
2,364,579,148
1915.
. 1.971,434,687
477.075.727
99,323.957
192.235.218
28.519.751
2,768,589,340
1916.
. 2.999,305,097
733,024.674
180.175.374
377,386.709
43,591,031
4,333.482.885
1917.
. 4.324.512,661
1,163.758,100
259.480.371
489.564.198
52,733.064
6.290.048.394
1918.
. 3,738,231,162
1.237,720,614
314.564.482
582.346.015
55,423.368
5.928,285.641
1919.
4,634,816^841
1,291,932,342
400.901,601
812.276,041
85.157,432
7.225,084,257
IMPORTS
1912.
§19,585,326
334,072,039
215,089.316
261.932,365
22,585.888
1.653.264,934
1913.
92,866,384
361,943,659
217,734,629
314.038,218
26,425.344
1.813.008,234
1914 .
895.602,868
427,399,354
222,677.075
329.096.884
19,149,476
1.893.925,657
1915.
614.354,645
473.079,796
261.489.563
300,292.655
24.953.081
1.674.169.740
1916.
616,252,749
591.895.543
391.562.018
533.407.455
64.765.745
2.197.883.510
1917.
610.470.670
766.112,537
542.212.820
680.545.842
60.013.316
2.659.355.185
1918.
. 411.578.494
918.488.901
567.276.702
972.803.349
75.911.957
2.946.059.403
1919.
. 372.953,593
1,052,570,196
568,374,904
1.020.912,130
81.065,759
3.095,876,582
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
257
14,680,328.11
156,869.866.61
1.051,473.53
1.397.240.58
439,620.37
72,813,003.88
550,555.36
952,598.35
18,807.51
889,421.19
2,760.26
252,916.20
+ 47,657,564.93
— 8.223,685.09
— 222,570.35
INTERNAL REVENUE RECEIPTS.
Comparative statement showing- the receipts from the several objects of internal taxation in
the United States during the fiscal years ended June 30. 1918 and 1919.
Increase ( + ) or
Objects of taxation. 1918. 1919. decrease (— ).
Income and profits — Individuals.
partnerships, and corporations $2, 838,999.894.28 52.595,987,534.84 —$243,012,359.44
Alaska railroads (act July 18,
1914) 28,044.29 21.167.86 — 6.876.43
Total 2.839.027,938.57 2.596.008.702.70 — 243.019.235.87
Estates — Transfer of estates of
decedents 47.452.879.78 82.029.983J13 + 34.577.103.35
Distilled spirits — Distilled spirits
(act Aug-. 28. 1894) 54,850,656.36
Distilled spirits (nonbeverage) .. 11,699,701.06 26,380,029.17
Distilled spirits (beverage) 119,715,570.75 276,585,437.36
Rectified spirits or wines 3.912,380.71 4,963,854.24
Still or sparkling wines, cor-
dials, etc 9,124,368.56 10,521,609.14
Grape brandy used in fortifying
sweet wines 641,668.42 1.081,288.79
Floor taxes— Distilled spirits 113,727,536.32 40,914,532.44
Rectified spirits or wine* • 550.555.36
Still or sparkling wines, cordials* 952,598.35
Grape brandy used in fortifica-
tion* 18,807.51
Rectifiers: retail and wholesale
liquor dealers: manufacturers
of stills, etc. (special taxes).. 3,516,032.90 2,626,611.71
Stamps for distilled spirits in-
tended for export .12.585.25 9.824.99
Case stamps for distilled spirits
bottled in bond 353.187.00 606.103.20
Total 317.553.687.33 365.211.252.26
Fermented liquors — Fermented
liquors (barrel tax) tl25,727,581.16 117,503,896.07
Brewers: retail and wholesale
dealers in malt liquors (special
taxes) 558.276.49 335.706.14
Total 126,285.857.65 117,839,602.21
Tobacco — Cigars (large) 30,034,476.95 36,086,247.16
Cigars (small) 875.727.20 925,016.61
Cigarettes (large) 121,306.12 162,349.11
Cigarettes (small) 66,370,961.45 90,440,806.73
Snuff of all descriptions 4,049,402.14 5,134,366.30
Tobacco, chewing and smoking 47.485,437.44 57,491,383.95
Cigarette papers and tubes 431.382.24 1.020,532.02
Floor taxes (cigars, cigarettes,
tobacco, and snuff) 5.562.233.70 13,027,306.11
Additional taxes on cigar and
cigarette stamps 473,137.18 563,798.30
Additional taxes on tobacco and
snuff stamps 246,108.72 362.176.52
Manufacturers of cigars, ciga-
rettes, and tobacco (special
taxes) 538.486.76 789.109.03
Total 156,188.659.90 206,003.091.84
Revenue acts of 1917 and 1918.
Munition manufacturers' tax 13,296.927.32
Documentary stamps, etc. — Bonds
capital-stock issues, convey-
ances, etc 12,948,622.76 18,747,421.49
Capital-stock transfers 2,236,040.52 7,540.881.04
Sales of produce (future deliv-
eries) 2,353,888.98 7,263,571.00
Playing- cards 1,276,505.42 2.091,790.62
Perfumes, cosmetics, etc 1,500,018.93
Transportation of freight 30.002,163.38 116,345,976.85
Transportation of express 6.458.994.82 14,301,901.49
Transportation of persons 24.306,350.26 77,790,778.43
Seats, berths and staterooms 2.236.699.76 5,896.833.09
Oil by pipe lines 1.433,324.61 5,001.693.60
Telegraph, telephone and radio
messages 6,299.017.18 17,879.233.07
Leased wires or talking- circuits 23,155.77
Insurance (life, marine, inland.
fire and casualty) 6.492,025.48 14,508.881.31
Excise taxes (revenue act of 1917) 36,977,000.66 42.097.553.64
Manufacturers' excise tax — Auto- *
mobile trucks and automobile
wagons .".. t 1.934.222.51
8,446.255.44
6,051,770.21
49,289.41
41,042.99
24.069,845.28
1,084,964.16
10,005,946.51
589,149.78
7,465,072.41
90,661.12
116,067.80
250,622.27
49,814,431.94
13,296,927.32
5,798,798.73
5,304,840.52
4,909,682.02
815,285.20
1,500,018.93
86,343,813.47
7,842,906.67
53,484,428.17
3,660,133.33
4,168.368.99
11,580,215.89
23,155.77
8,016,855,83
5,120,552.98
1.934,222.51
AL.XLANAI, ANSJ YE^K'-BOOK FOB' 1920.
Objects of taxation.
Other automobiles and motor-
1918. „. 1919.
t $17 915 510 81
Increase ( 4- ) or
decrease ( — ).
4- $17 915 510 81
Tires, parts, or accessories for
490827618
+ 4 908 276 18
Pianos, organs, sporting goods,
chewing gum, cameras, etc
Motion picture films leased
t 8,584,194.92
2391598
+ 8,584,194.92
+ 23 915 98
Consumers' excise tax — Sculpture,
4- 112 770 67
Carpets and rugs, picture frames.
394 971 78
+ 394 971 78
Jewelry,' watches, clocks, opera
erla&ses. etc
1.794.247.50
4- 1.794.247.50
Beverages (nonalcohplic) , includ-
ing soft drinks, mineral waters.
etc
$2,215,181.03
7.182,219.25 -
}- 4,967,038.22
Opium, coca leaves, including spe-
cial taxes, etc ....
185.358.93
726,136.79 -
[- 540.777.86
Corporation, on value of capital
stock
24,996,204.54
28,775,749.66
f 3,779,545.12
Brokers, stock, etc
333.396.57
1,048,578.29
f 715,181,72
Theaters, museums, circuses, etc..
865,360.19
1,349,742.22
f 484,382.03
Bowling 'alleys, billiard and pool
tables
1,086,307.82
1,611,980.14
}- 525,672.32
Shooting galleries and riding
academies
12.512.05
f 12,512.05
Passenger automobiles for hire —
507,721.01
f 507,721.01
Yachts, pleasure boats, power
boats, etc
190,764.45 -
f 190,764.45
Admissions to theaters, concerts.
cabarets, etc
26,357,338.80
50,919,608.42 -
f 24,562,269.62
Dues of clubs (athletic, social and
sporting)
Unidentified collections (distribu-
2,259,056.57
4,072.548.59
f 1,813,492.02
tion by sources later)
4,775.200.00
f- 4,775,200.00
Total
Miscellaneous — Adulterated and
process or renovated butter
and mixed flour
Oleomargarine, colored
Oleomargarine, uncolored
Oleomargarine manufacturers and
dealers ( special taxes)
Sales of government property, re-
ceipts from sources no longer
taxable, etc
204,615,765.60
66,129.05
562,725.00
829,606.40
944,575.60
1,091,813.84
468,430',561.55 + 263,814,795.95
134,583.13
680,351.45
852,888.80
1,258,590.83
1,501,004.15
68.454.08
117,626.45
23,282.40
314,015.23
409,190.31
Total ,
Grand total.... ,
*Included in 1918 'with reg-ular taxes on
these products, tlncludes $1,462,827.51 from
floor tax. ^Consolidated and reported above
as excise taxes, revenue act 1917.
Note— Collections from sale of parcel post
3,494,849.89 4,427,418.36 + 932,56847
3,694,619.638.72 3,839,950,612.05 + 145,330,973.33
and other adhesive stamps for the fiscal year
1919 so far reported by the postmaster gen-
eral under the revenue act of 1918, but which
are not included in this statement, amounted
RECEIPTS ON PRODUCTS FRO:
Articles taxed.
Cigars (large)
M PHILIPPIN
1918.
$792,654.79
19.20
8,883.74
483.02
E ISLANDS.
1919.
$1,088,194.35
Increase ( + ) or
decrease ( — ).
+ $295,539.56
— 19.20
— 427.49
— 352.40
+ 1,316.40
+ 20,510.35
— .84
Cigarettes (large)
8,45625
130.62
1,316.40
22,368.64
Manufactured tobacco
Floor taxes — cigars, cigarettes, tobacco and
Additional taxes on cigar and cigarette stamps
held by manufacturers
1.858.29
.84
Total'
803,899.88 1,120.466.26 + 316,566.38
TAX ON PRODUCTS FROM PORTO RICO.
Articles taxed.
Distilled spirits (nonbeverage)
Distilled spirits (beverage)
Cigars (large)
Cigars (small)
Cigarettes (large)
Cigarettes (small)
Total
*Collection, act of Aug. 28, 1894.
1918.
$349,039.44
*954.91
680,937.96
4,532.50
2,812.20
7,642.05
1919.
$268,410.85
68,537.60
574,383.57
5, 5." 0.00
6,096.00
34,710.44
Increase ( + ) or
decrease ( — ) .
—$80,628.59
+ 67,582.69
—106,554.39
+ 1,017.50
+ 3,283.80
+ 27,086.39
1,049,919.06
957.688.46 — 88-230.60
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
259
WITHDRAWN FOR CONSUMPTION, AND ON WHICH TAX WAS PAID.
Articles taxed. 1918. 1919. Increase ( + ) or
Distilled spirits — Product withdrawn decrease ( — ).
(act Aug. 28, 1894) gals. 49,864.234 ,...'.. — 49,864.234
Nonbeverage gals. 5.318,046 11,990.922 + 6,672,876
Beverage sals. 37,411,116 72,595,062 + 35,183,946
Spirits or wines, rectified grals. 26,082.538 28,092,537 + 2.009,999
Fermented liquors brls. 50,184,594 30.093,159 — 20,091,435
Cig-ars (large)— Class A No. 3.177.044.080 1,363.576.905 —1,813,467,175
Class B No. 3,383,530,850 3,675,935,195 + 292,404.345
Class C... No. 1,194.267.843 2.025.514.847 + 831,247,004
Class D No. 12,903.957 20.905,797 + 8.001,840
Class E No. 16,553,450 24,944,856 + 8,391,406
Total No.
Cig-ars (small) No.
Cigarettes (large) No.
Cigarettes (small) No.
Snuff, manufactured Ibs.
Tobacco, chewing- and smoking1 — Ibs.
Oleomargarine — Colored Ibs.
Uncolored Ibs.
Adulterated butter Ibs.
Process or renovated butter Ibs.
Playing- cards packs
*Based on payments by assessment made
against the product found on the market,
which had not paid the tax.
Note— The above statement of withdrawals
for 1919 includes, on account of Philippine
products. 264.323.775 larg-e cigars, 1.173,930
large cigarettes, 2.407,054 small cigarettes, and
7,784,300.180 7,110,877,600
947,618,961 788.529,823
27,795,426 28.792.152
36.931.539.378 38,075.946,158
35.036.561 34 895.173
417,647.509 376,959.091
4.502.250 5,52)1 003
331,842.560 341.132.320
62,198 *541.039
19.056.092 17.504.724
23,004,671 28.600,796
1.004 pounds manufactured tobacco: on ac-
count of Porto Rican products. 143,423 gal-
lons distilled spirits, 121,284.760 large cigars,
5.550.000 small cigars, 1.120.000 large ciga-
rettes, and 16,922,654 small cigarettes: and
on account of products from the Virgin
islands, 1,931 gallons distilled spirits.
— 673,422,580
— 159,089,138
+ 996.726
+ 1,144,406.780
— 141.388
— 40,688.418
+ 1,018.753
+ 9,289.760
+ 478.841
— 1.551.368
+ 5,596,125
WITHDRAWALS TAX PAID.
Distilled
Tobacco.
spirits.
Fermented
dhewing and
Taxable
liquors.
Cigars.
Cigarettes.
smoking.
Snuff.
1913.
gallons.
143.220,056
Barrels.
65.245,544
Number.
8,732,815,703
ST umber.
14.294.895.471
Pounds.
404.362,620
Pounds.
33,209.468
1914.
139.138.-501
66.105.445
8.707.625,230
16,427.086.016
4a2.505.213
32.766.741
1915.
1916.
4 24. 155. 17.8
.136.226,528
59.746.701
58.564.508
8.030.385,603
8.337.720.530
16.756.179,973
21,087,757,078
402.474.245
417,235.928
29.839.074
33.170 680
1917.
.164.665.246
60.729,509
9.216.901,113
30.529,193,538
445.763.206
35.377.751
1918.
. 92,593.396
50.184.594
8.731.919.141
36.959.334.804
417.647.509
35.036.561
1919..
. 84,585,984
30.093.159
7.899.407,423
38.104,738,310
376.959,091
34.895,173
Total.884,584,889 390,669,460 59,656,774.743 174.159,185,190 2,876,947,812 234,295.448
RECEIPTS UNDER ACT OF FEB. 24, 1919.
Following is a statement of internal-revenue
receipts for the period March 1 to June 30,
1919. grouped as nearly as possible to corre-
spond with the designation of the taxes levied
under the revenue act of 1918, approved Feb.
24. 1919:
Title II. — Income tax "I
Title in.— War-profits and
excess-profits tax (from ^$2,262,976,826.16
corporations, partner-
ships and individuals) J
Title IV.— Estate tax: Trans-
fer of net estates of de-
cedents
Title V. — Tax on transporta-
tion and other facilities
and on insurance — Freight
transportation
Express transportation
Passenger transportation..
Seats, berths, and s'tate-
rooms
Oil by pipe lines
Telegraph, telephone and
radio messages
Leased wires or talking
circuits
Insurance
18,633,351.15
37,222,257.49
4.569.466.80
28,781.003.58
2.027,309.43
2,370,164.76
6,503,023.15
23.155.77
5,396.656.67
Title VI.— Tax on beverages-
Distilled spirits
Rectified spirits or wines..
86.893,037.65
95.378.254.58
1.601,494,18
Bottled-in-bond spirits
Export spirits stamps
Still or sparkling wines,
cordials, etc
Grape brandy us/ed in for-
tifying sweet wines
Rectifiers, retail and
wholesale dealers, manu-
facturers of stills, etc...
Fermented liquors
Brewers, retail and whole-
sale malt liquor dealers.
Floor tax on distilled
spirits, wines, etc., in-
cluding increased value
of beer stamps in hands
of brewers
Beverages (nonalcoholic),
including soft drinks, etc.
Title VII.— Tax on cigars, to-
bacco and manufactures
thereof — Cigars
Cigarettes
Tobacco
Snuff
Cigarette papers and tubes
Floor tax, including in-
creased value of stamps
in hands of manufac-
turers
841,027.00
4,226.84
3,996,101.30
107,946.71
714,428.33
50.408.887.46
64,156.89
42,742,234.55
4.193,556.66
199.252,314.50
14.966.817.16
37.290.440.49
22.273,364.22
2.111.448.65
277.497.47
13,862,065.60
90,781,633.59
260
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Title VIII.— Tax on admis-
sions and dues— Admis-
sions to places of amuse-
ment or entertainment...
Club dues
$21, 079.535.76
1.520.354.55
payments upon assessments made under the
revenue act of 1917.
The figures shown in the foregoing state-
ment (other than income and profits taxes
which embrace the first and second install-
ments), cannot be taken to represent the
average of such receipts for a full four
months period under the revenue act of 1918.
as many of the miscellaneous taxes were not
effective until April 1 and May 1. Further-
more, the collection of taxes effective on May
1 were, for the most part, deferred until after
June 30, owing to the granting of an ex-
tension of time to July 20 for filing returns.
Title IX.— Excise t a x es —
22,599,890.31
29.262,864.79
13.279,161.04
(1,500.018.93
23,915.98
112,770.67
394.971.78
1.794.247.50
Musical instruments, sport-
ing goods, chewing gum,
hunting and bowie knives,
articles made from fur,
yachts, motor boats, etc.,
if sold for more than
815
Perfumes, cosmetics, pro-
prietary medicines or
RECEIPTS BY STATES (1919).
Alabama $1287407598
Alaska ... .. 351*566'33
Positive motion-picture
Arizona .. 5706934*57
Arkansas ..... 7 515*009*09
California 122*438*202*64
Colorado 21*62110900
Carpets and rugs, picture
frames, trunks, valises,
purses, pocketbooks. um-
brellas, parasols, lighting
fixtures, certain grade of
wearing apparel, etc
Jewelry, watches, clocks.
Connecticut 79*618*864 15
Delaware 2244862849
District of Columbia 15,175,962*11
Florida 9 °29 464 00
Georgia 30 932'220'39
Hawaii 583193319
Idaho 3 603'l77 63
Illinois 323003*63370
Indiana 59.900i7il2.85
Title X. — Special taxes— Cor-
porations, on value of
capital stock
46.367.950.69
3,111,627.76
743,1:15.53
666,824.04
14,560.50
829.710.70
8.986.59
3.525.46
507,721.01
190.764.45
188.805.64
58,779.18
22,129.75
544.256.03
Iowa 27,564,892.12
Krnsaa f 29 381 39° 48
Kentucky 178927585*65
Louisiana 31.618i303.43
Maine 12 306 2*^0 75
Brokers
Theaters, museums and
concert halls, etc
Maryland 67,955,279.68
Massachusetts 245.731,169.36
Circuses. aggregation of
Michigan 134.413,873.47
Minnesota .; 5111995887
Bowling alleys, pool and
billiard tables
Mississippi 665658977
Missouri '.... 106,389,'806.03
Shooting galleries
Riding academies
Montana 7,007,314.07
Nebraska 1823720216
Passenger automobiles for
hire
Nevada 6,411,041.40
New Hampshire 9,440,214.72
Use of yachts, power and
New Jersey 101,900,845.05
Cigar manufacturers
Cigarette manufacturers...
Tobacco manufacturers....
I m porters, manufacturers
and compounders of. and
dealers and practi-
tioners in opium, coca
leaves, their salt deriva-
tives, etc., including tax
on the product
New York 9° 9 744 494 60
North Carolina 10127815298
North Dakota 295965655
Ohio 260*0058969°
Oklahoma 17661*70461
Oregon 1666879576
Pennsylvania 43765387707
Rhode Island 21 890 513 14
South Dakota 5,653,168.08
Title XI. — Stamp taxes-
Bonds, capital stock is-
sues, conveyances, etc...
Capital stock transfers ....
Sales of produce on ex-
change
6,890.806.64
7,498,050.50
3,654,937.68
2.991.997.11
Tennessee k 23,471,771.53
Virginia 4510854584
Washington 29 682*811 96
West Virginia 25,730955.09
Wisconsin 67,860,581.52
Playing- cards
Unidentified collections
Tax colleotions not provided
for in revenue act of
1918-nAlaska railroads
income tax (act of July
18 1914)
808.617.95
14.953,603.24
4,775.200.00
21.167.86
920,186.22
309.166.04
1,250.520.12
Wyoming 3,167,007.71
Total 383995061205
RECEIPTS BY COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
Increase ( -f- ) or
Districts. 1919. decrease ( — ).
Alabama ....$19,530.665.75 — $4,918.821.29
Arkansas ... 7,515,009.09 + 1,202,398.07'
1st California 99,179,853.66 + 13,132.655.49
6th California 29.669,390.38 + 5.033,019.32
Colorado ....24.788,116.71— 3,907.006.35
Connecticut .101,509,377.29 + 668791345
Florida 9,229,464.00 + 1.361.925.19
Georgia 30,932,220.39 + 11.916.520.34
Hawaii 95.831.933.19— 3.854,907.75
1st Illinois.. .254.053,348.91 — 50.321.581.42
5th Illinois.. 32,082,632.88 H- 3,168.649.54
Oleomargarine, adulterated,
and process or renovated
butter, and mixed flour..
Sales of condemned gov-
ernment property. re-
ceipts tinder repealed
Total from all sources... 2.755,375,134.05
Note— A number of items, especially under
Title IX. excise taxes, include some delayed
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920
Increase ( 4- ) or
8th Illinois.. 27,390,618.91 4- 9,158,339.97
i ofh Tllinois 947703300 — 1,455,892.22
6th Indiana 42 300',636.55 4- 6,305,414.94
? H£.: 7 i8:S8:St3|
products from Porto Rico are included as
follows: 1st Illinois. $20; 5th Kentucky,
$65.07; 1st New York, $335.843.32; 2d New
York $620,654.94, and 1st Pennsylvania.
$1,105.13.
N0te — Alabama and Mississippi compose the
district of Alabama; Colorado and Wyoming-,
the district of Colorado; Connecticut and
Rhode Island, the district of Connecticut;
Maryland, Delaware, District of Columbia and
the counties of Accomac and Northampton,
Virginia, the district of Maryland; Montana,
Idaho and Utah, the district of Montana: New-
Hampshire, Maine and Vermont, the district
of New Hampshire; New Mexico and Arizona,
the district of New Mexico; North Dakota
and South Dakota, the district of North and
South Dakota; Washing-ton and Alaska, the
district of Washington, and Nevada forms a
part of the 1st district of California.
INCOME AND EXCESS PROFITS RECEIPTS.
States and Increase ( + ) or
territories. 1919. decrease (— ).
Alabama ....$10,392,914.26 — $7.807,228.47
Alaska 282,287.27 + 12,942.69
Arizona 4,927,995.54 — 1,251,676.20
Arkansas .... 6,280.623.02 + 549,224.60
California ... 74.232,539.80 — 2,384.317.79
Colorado 17,650,463.23 — 5,540,039.43
Connecticut... 61.277,388.85 — 913,322.88
Delaware .... 20,262,707.69 — 7.148,025.67
District o f
Columbia... 7,323,728.29 — 1,498.844.94
Florida 4,450,886.54 — 188,829.55
Georgia .... 25,052,149.50 + 8,821.700.41
Hawaii 5.148,047.92 — 3,813,820.55
Idaho 3119,349.60 4- 1.05226053
IHLi^ «.!!27:t! i ..JISS&S!
Sth Kentucky 99 442 864.39 4- 46.256,897.98
&&&9$H8 * »:S8S:S?:88
Rth Kentucky 17 082 215.75 + 9.117.764.83
i^uisf 1^^31:618,303.43 - 3,548,114.46
Maryland . ,.105,638,20o.537 — J.,oyu,oyy.ott
3dv. ^Jia S a "94^ 731 169 36 4- 53.916,871.37
M *«SS? 1928265202 4- 2,803.673.77
Nebraska '"i 18,237,202.16 + 4,361,386.59
Nshire HamP" 25,872,675.45 + 867,378.01
1SsteyNeW ^ 18,075,249.93 — 5,805,721.90
5tsheyNeW..J^ 8?.825,595.12 + |f|0.675.74
N«w Mexico.. 6Z'5f£5'883.96 + 4.089.579.94
o!r TJ V *''V?l'594'977.55 4- 67.033.752.78
15 S' V "10438316550 + 24.400.795.72
?A«* W Y 53 8§1 272.37 + 8.624,507.71
ot1^ -w V " §9 559471.90 — 2.351,613.29
28th %. t.:: 63:199:724.32 - 7,814,380.88
^CaroUna1"1.1! 27,869,054.93 + 8,095,228.80
5tCaro?inart.h 73,409,098.05 4- 23,510,257.12
NQ r-n?kntaand 8612824.63 4- 3,695,773.47
J§1°£ :.:: = "Illtl
3ySffifc5K0""*1S'Sl"704l61 — 1,'873.'230.'85
UKianouidi ••• * A'X/fcQ'ryQ^ *7f? -i- £> 19*5 704 *^7
1Cnleli"^1"l84,918,797.22 - 15,585,572.60
9tvhaniaennSyl" 21,478,943.83 + 594,106.61
Illinois 201.213,091.83 — 74,365,964.57
Indiana .... 34,572.093.71 4- 5.517.149.07
Iowa . 22 324 925 26 4- 7,352 713 67
Kansas • 21 677 746 86 — 4 266 165 55
Kentucky .... 22'.05l'.296.30 + 1.104',347.49
Louisiana ... 19,079,461.59 — 2,727,880.26
Maine .. 10 063 350 83 — 1,952 734 67
Maryland .... 30,930,214.85 — 9,073,737.09
Massachusetts207.140.626.09 + 40.541.873.23
Miohig-an .... 90.665.964.08 + 19,604,655.96
Minnesota ... 30.651,657.90 — 27,566,476.58
Mississippi .. 5.873.160.53 + 917,897.01
Missouri 67,028,558.42 4- 7,015,605.00
Montana 5.443.404.42 4- 2,117.584.42
Nebraska .... 13.043,788.03 4- 1.708,705.82
Nevada 6.189,394.61 + 5.580,164.62
NewHampshire 8.177.113,25 4- 1.858,274.83
New Jersey... 67.826,787.27 — 3.984,697.61
New Mexico.. 1,102,408.02 — 700,241.77
New York.... 712,425, 702.94 4- 26,776,327.78
NorthCarolina 30.050,143.77 4- 9,802.108.03
North Dakota 2,563,333.96 + 734,476.75
Ohio ....^ 184,210.927.24 — 56.816.722.42
Oklahoma ... 14,754.148.75 — 3,509,113.32
Oreg-on 12 750 223 12 4- 2 680 143 66
12valnSfnn!y!' 24,191,845.29 — 11,318,526.02
23daT1£ennSyl~°07 064 290.73 —125,092.274.12
t
1
WinJtnn h *30 034.378.29 4- 8,689.655.90
W .^irVinia.: 25:730,955.09 — 22,281,410.10
1Ssin ^ °n" 5? 227 525.28 4- 9,687,359.18
Pennsylvania 30l!lll,410.79 —194,769.965:16
Rhode Island. 17,598,438.12 + 1,212,889.55
SouthCarolina 17,200,692.49 4- 9,316.598.18
South Dakota 3,693,765.95 4- 1.214,793.01
Tennessee ... 17,210.136.88 4- 3.037,418.26
2sin WlSC°n" 10,633,056.24 644.480.28
islands1* * U G tl 078 118 21 4- 292.667.29
Utah 6.346.347.35 + 243,172.14
Total $3,839,950,612.05 +145,330,973.33
*Includes $21,167.80 income tax on Alaska
tin addition to this amount reported by the
United States internal revenue stamp agent,
collections from sale of stamps affixed to
products from Philippine glands are includ-
ed as follows: 1st California. $7.883.41; 6th
California. $720.90: 6th Indiana. $1.945.70;
6th Missouri. $1.278.10; 2d New York $23.-
987.82: 1st Ohio. $351.70: Oreeron. SO .37:
Tennessee. $160.30: 3d Texas. $440.60 and
Washing-ton. $5.579.15.
JCollections from sale of stamps affixed to
Vermont 3.360.459.44 — 229,215.18
Virginia 23.851.930.36 + 2,365,777.98
Washing-ton . 25.996.295.61 + 6.662.211.77
West Virginia 21.357.100.27 — 24,191,730.19
Wisconsin ... 46.954.967.56 + 7,762,396.28
Wyoming- .... 2,215.977.39 — 469.312.26
Total ..2.596,008.702.70 —243,019,235.87
Note— income tax on Alaska railroads (act
of July 18, 1914), which is included in above
statement, amounted to $21,167.86 for 1919.
The receipts for 1919 do not include the third
and fourth installments of the tax, which
under provisions of the revenue act of 1918
are payable Sept. 15 and Dec. 15. respectively.
262
ALMANAC AiND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
PERSONAL INCOME TAX STATISTICS.
Returns filed.
Income classes. 1917.
t 1.000 to 82,000 1.640.758
2.000 to 83,000 U38.707
353.000 to $5.000 560,763
$5,000 to $10. 000. ...270,666
$10,000 to $25. 000.. .112. 502
$25.000 to $50.000... 30,891
$50.000 to $100.000.. 12,439
$100,000 to $150, 000.. 3,302
$150.000 to $300.000. . 2.347
$300.000 to $500.000 . . 559
8500.000 to $1.000.000 315
$1.000.000 and ove.r... 141
Net income repo~t~d.
1916. 1917. 1916.
t$2.461, 137,000
2.064,977.328
157,149 2,115.864,601 $624.669.015
150,553 1.827.508.0881,037,247,977
80,880 1.687.165,6191,235.015,786
1.042.320,083 822,661.658
846,894,335 722.795.474
400.492.040 357.355,318
474,651,960 505.859,406
209,904.969 271.938.017
214.6:il,270 256.771.325
306.835.914
Personal income tax yield.
23.734
10,452
2.900
2,437
714
376
203
1917.
'»9.'097',378
18.283,457
44.066.389
80.695,149
76.593.344
85,027,556
55.766.236
86,718.157
50.227.598
19-16.
$775,804
6,301,183
11.637.014
11,602.681
16,298,587
12,423,481
24,007.267
17,951,410
59,349.187 20.901,911
464.263.644 109.42^,999 51,487.356
Total 3.472,890 •437.03613,652,383.2076,298.577,620 675.249.450173.386,694
•Includes 7,635 returns of married women
making1 separate returns from husbands. Tho
net incomes shown by those returns were, for
statistical purposes, combined with husbands'
returns and in each case treated as one return
in its proper income class.
fDetermined on basis of the number of re-
turns filed and the average net income.
PERSONAL RETURNS BY YEARS.
Income classes.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
51.000 to $2.000
1.640,758
52.000 to $2,500 A
480.486
52.500 to $3.000
358.221
53.000 to $4,000
82.754
69.045
85.122
374,958
54.000 to So. 000
66.525
58.949
72,027
185,805
55.000 to $10,000
127.448
120.402
150.553
270,666
HO. 000 to $15,000
34.14-1
34,102
45,309
65,800
515.000 to $20,000
15.790
16.475
22.618
29,896
120.000 to $25,000
8.672
9.707
12.953
16.806
i25.000 to $30,000
5.483
6.196
8.055
10.571
iSO.OOO to $40.000
6.008
7.005
10.068
12.733
540.000 to $50.000
3.185
4.100
5.611
7.087
550.000 to $100,000
5.161
6,847
10,452
12,439
5100,000 to $150.000
1.189
1,793
2,900
3,302
5150,000 to $200.000
406
724
1.284
1,302
5200.000 to $250,000
233
386
726
703
5250,000 to $300,000
130
216
427
342
5300.000 to $400,000
147
254
469
380
B400.000 to $500,000
69
122
245
179
5500.000 to $1.000,000
114
209
376
315
51.000.000 and over
60
120
206
141
Total
Married women making- returns separate from husbands.
357.515
336.652
429.401
7.635
3.472.890
Total number of returns filed
357.515
336,652
437,036
3,472,890
NET INCOME FROM PERSONAL RETURNS.
Returns. Net income
1913 357.598 $3,900,000.000
1914 ; 357.515 4.000.000,000
1915 336.652 4.000.000 000
1916 437.036 6.300.000.000
1917 *3.472.890 13.700.000.000
•Returns reporting net incomes of $1.000 and more.
INCOME TAX YIELD FROM PERSONAL RETURNS.
24.486,669
43,947,818
121.946.136
433.345.732
Excess profit.
$101,249,781
41.046,162
67,943,595
173,386,694
679.249.450
Amount.
Year Normal tax. Surtax.
1913 .. $12,728,038
1914 16.559.493
1915 .. 23.995.777
1916 51.440.558
1917 140.653.937
INCOMES BY PRINCIPAL SOURCES. 1917.
Source.
Salaries and wages $3, tt48.437.902
Business 3.958.670.028
Property 4.469.901,354
PERSONAL INCOMES FROM BUSINESS. 1917.
Industries. Gross sales.
Agriculture $1.622,907 759
Mining
Manufacturing 1.271.122.965
Construction 349.592.997
Public utilities 196.283.538
Trade 6.026.670,809
Persona 1 service 1 . 1 98. 1 30. 773
Financs>— Banks, etc 114.246.119
•Total 12.489.359^068
•Including combination and special cases.
?s. Expense.
V59 $816,743,802
672 31,851.806
965 1,271,122,965
997 200,204.435
538 166,758,911
809 5,262.829.124
773 716,052,860
L19 94.607,003
Net income.
$806,163,957
13,898.866
144,242,512
59.388.562
20,524,627
763.841.685
482.077,913
19.639.116
9.837.913.235 2.651.445.883
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOS FOR 1920.
WAR RISK INSURANCE.
[By R. W. Emerson, assistant director of the bureau of war risk insurance, treasury depart-
ment, Washington, D. C.]
The bureau of war risk insurance had its
beginning in the bureau of marine insurance
of the treasury department. American ship-
ping-, menaced by the submarine, was the first
American interest endangered when Germany
went to war. If that shipping- were not to
be driven from the seas, insurance against
submarine dangers, backed by government
guaranty, had to be provided.
William Gibbs McAdoo. then secretary of
the treasury, asked of congress the right to
establish a marine insurance bureau under the
treasury department, and on Sept. 7. 1914.
the bureau began business with a staff of
five clerks in a subbasement room of the
treasury.
Nearly three years later in June. 1917. con-
gress grave the right to add a seamen's divi-
sion througrh which insurance could be writ-
ten on the lives of American ship's officers,
masters and seamen. When by reason of th.3
armistice the books of this gig-antic marine
and seamen's division were closed insurance
aggregating- $2,389.541,525 had been written
Premium payments on this business had
reached the tremendous figure of 847.593.555
and claims and operating- expenses had totaled
$30.548.663. The surplus of more than
$17,000.000 in receipts above expenses and
claims, tog-ether with the untouched sinking-
fund of $50.000.000 provided by congress,
constitute a fund of more than $67.000,000
to be returned to the United States.
On Oct. 6. 1917. the law was further
amended, and provision made for insuring
service men. providing- compensation for death
or disability sustained through military duties,
and paying- allowance to their dependents dur-
ing- their term of military service. This
amendment generally is referred to as the war
risk insurance act.
Under the war risk insurance act provision
•was made for the payment of an allotment
from the soldier's pay and an allowance from
the government to the dependents of service
men, compensation for death or disability sus-
tained in active service in line of duty, and
life insurance in multiples of $1,000 up to
$10,000 at minimum premium rates.
In the payment of the government allowance
to wife and children $15 was taken from the
service man's pay and a government allowance
added to bring- the monthly payments up to
$30 for a wife: $40 for a wife and one child:
$47.50 for wife and two children and an addi-
tional $5 a month for each additional child.
This was known as Class A allotment.
In making- allowance to other dependent rel-
atives, known as Class B. to the service man's
allotment there was added by the government
$10 for one parent: $20 for two parents and
$5 for each dependent sister, brother, grand-
child or grandparent.
Checks aggregating more than $600.000,000
were paid out on allotments and allowances.
These checks placed end to end would make a
string more than 2.300 miles long, or more
than four miles of checks for each working
day of the bureau up to July 1. 1919.
Insurance for about ninety-eight per cent of
men in service was written, policies averaging
nearly $9.000 each, and the amount totaling
$40.000,000.000. If this were turned into
one dollar bills placed end to end it would
reach more than nineteen times to the moon
and back, and if it were turned into silver
dollars and placed one on top of another it
would make 600,000' stacks of silver dollars
as high as Washington monument.
Premiums paid on this insurance approxi-
mate $200.000,000 and death awards made
up to Aug. 1. 1919. total over $1.015.000.000. ,
making the cost of war insurance to the gov-
ernment far more than $800.000,000.
By a campaign of contact it is hoped that
all of this enormous volume of war risk in-
surance may be continued active, as United
States gpvernment insurance.
War risk insurance may be converted into
United States government insurance at any
time within five years after the declaration
of peace by proclamation of the president.
The forms of United States government in-
surance include:
Ordinary life.
Twenty-payment life.
Thirty-payment life.
Twenty-year endowment.
Thirty-year endowment.
Endowment maturing at the age of 62 years.
Converted insurance is permanent government
insurance permanently administered by the
United States government. Provision for this
is made in the original war risk act. and gov-
ernment insurance will not be turned over to
commercial companies.
Because of the fact that the entire cost of
administration of the government insurance
is assumed by the bureau and is not included
in the premium, charged, the initial cost to
the assured is considerably below that of
commercial companies.
No charge is made for the total and per-
manent disability benefit and this benefit is
available to the insured throughout his life-
time instead of being limited to the age of
60 or 65.
Conversion of policies is available at any-
time within the five year period without medi-
cal examination, and reinstatement privileges,
according to the latest treasury decision, are
extended to eighteen months from the date
of discharge from the service, payment of
premiums covering the period of lapsation
being waived. '
If the premium on the converted policy for
the full $10.000 seems unreasonable in cer-
tain cases for the insured to pay, it is per-
missible to convert any part of the original
insurance in multiples of $500 for any amount
not less than $1,000 at a proportionate rate
of premium.
The premiums on converted policies may be
paid monthly as well as quarterly, semiannu-
ally and annually and the discounted value
of all premiums paid in advance of the month
in which the death of the insured occurs are
refunded at the settlement of the claim. "For
example, if the insured pays an annual pre-
mium and dies at any time before the expira-
tion of eleven months, the discounted vaiu»
of all premiums paid in advance of the cur-
rent month at the time of his death will be re-
funded. The same rule applies in the case of
semiannual and quarterly premium payments.
The government policies are nontaxable.
The policy grants to the insured the privi-
lege of changing the beneficiary at any time
without the knowledge or consent of the pre-
vious beneficiary.
Government policies are incontestable from
date of issue, except for nonpayment ol pre-
miums, and are issued free of restrictions as to
travel, residence, occupation, or military or
naval service.
Premiums due on the first of the month are
not overdue until the end of that month,
thirty-one days of grace being provided. If
premiums are not paid before the expiration
of this thirty-one days of grace, the insurance
has lapsed— the service man has ceased to be
insured.
Government term insurance may be rein-
stated at any time within eighteen months
264
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
MONTHLY PREMIUM RATES PER $1000 ON
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT INSUR-
ANCE POLICIES.
16. ' $1.06 $1.66 $1.32 $3.29 $2.04 $1.29 $0.63
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
1.08 1.68 1.34 3.30 2.04 1.32
1.10 1.71 1.36 3.30 2.05 1.36
1.12 1.73 1.38 3.30 2.05 1.40
1.15 1.76 1.40 3.31 2.06 1.44
1.17 1.79 1.43 3.31 2.06 1.48
1.20 1.82 1.45 3.31 2.07 1.53
1.23 1.85 1.48 3.32 2.07 1.58
1.26 1.88 1.51 3.32 2.08 1.63
1.29 1.91 1.53 3.33 2.09 1.68
1.32 1.95 1.56 3.33 2.10 1.74
1.35 1.98 1.59 3.34 2.11 1.80
1.39 2.02 1.62 3.34 2.12 1.87
1.43 2.06 1.66 3.35 2.13 1.94
1.47 2.10 1.69 3.36 2.15 2.01
1.51 2.14 1.73 3.37 2.16 2.09
1.55 2.19 1.77 3.38 2.18 2.18
1.60 2.23 1.81 3.39 2.20 2.27
1.65 2.28 1.85 3.40 2.22 2.37
1.70 2.33 1.90 3.41 2.24 2.48
1.76 2.38 1.95 3.43 2.27 2.60
1.81 2.44 2.00 3.44 2.30 2.72
1.88 2.50 2.05 3.46 2.33 2.86
1.94 2.56 2.11 3.48 2.36 3.01
2.01 2.62 2.17 3.51 2.41 3.18
2.09 2.69 2.23 3.53 2.45 3.36
2.16 2.76 2.30 3.56 2.50 3.56
2.25 2.83 2.38 3.60 2.55 3.79
2.34 2.91 2.46 3.63 2.62 4.04
2.43 2.99 2.54 3.68 2.68 4.31
2.53 3.08 2.64 3.72 2.76 4.63
2.64 3.18 2.73 3.78 2.84 4.98
.64
.64
.65
.65
.65
.66
.66
.67
.67
.68
.69
.69
.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
.77
.79
.81
.82
.84
.87
.89
.92
.95
J99
2.76 3.28 2.84 3.84 2.93 5.39 1.03
ANNUAL PREMIUM RATES PER $1000 ON
THE NEW GOVERNMENT POLICIES.
s
Co rt ai rt oi
i3 Is Is
16. 812.52 $19.61 $15.59 $38.86 $24.10 $15.24
17. 12.76 19.85 15.83 38.98 24.10 15.5&
12.99 20.20 16.07 38.98 24.22 16.07
13.23 20.44 16.30 38.98 24.22 16.54
13.58 20.79 16.54 39.10 24.33 17.01
13.82 21.14 16.89 39.10 24.33 17.48
14.18 21.50 17.13 39.10 24.45 18.07
14.53 21.85 17.48 39.22 24.45 18.66
14.88 22.21 17.84 39.22 24.57 19.25
15.24 22.56 18.07 39.34 24.69 19.85
15.59 23.04 18.43 39.34 24.81 20.55
. . .
27. 15.95 23.39 18.78 39.45 24.93 21.26
28. 16.42 23.86 19.14 39.45 25.04 22.0»
9.
. . . . .
16.89 24.33 19.61 39.57 25.16 22.92
30. 17.36 24.81 19.96 39.69 25.40 23.74
31. 17.84 25.28 20.44 39.81 25.52 24.69-
32. 18.31 25.87 20.91 39.93 25.75 25.75
33. 18.90 26.34 21.38 40.05 25.99 26.83
34. 19.49 26.93 21.85 40.16 26.22 28.0O
35. 20.08 27.52 22.44 40.28 26.46 29.3O
36. 20.79 28.11 23.04 40.52 26.82 30.71
37. 21.38 28.82 23.63 40.64 27.17 32.13
38. 22.33 29.53 24.22 40.87 27.52 33.78
39. 22.92 30.24 24.93 41.11 27.88 35.56
40. 23.74 30.95 25.63 41.46 28.47 37.56
41. 24.69 31.78 26.34 41.70 28.94 39.69
42. 25.52 32.60 27.17 42.05 29.53 42.05
43. 26.58 33.43 28.11 42.53 80.12 44.77
44. 27.64 34.38 29.06 42.88 30.95 47.72
45. 28.71 35.32 30.00 43.47 31.66 50.91
46. 29.89 36.38 31.19 43.94 32.60 54.69
47. 31.19 37.56 32.25 44.65 33.55 58.83
after discharge, or twelve months after lapsa-
tion. To reinstate it is necessary to pay only
two months' premiums — one premium for the
month in which the government carried the
insurance without pay and one for the month
in which application for reinstatement is made.
The stipulation is made the insured must be
in as good health as at date of discharge or
expiration of grace period, whichever is later
date.
A service man who has allowed his insur-
ance to lapse and who desires to reinstate,
should fill out the following- form and mail
it with check or money order for two months
premiums, made payable to the treasurer of
the United States. The envelope containing1
this form and check, or money order, should
be addressed to The Bureau of War Risk In-
surance. R. G. Cholmeley-Jones, Director. In-
surance Division. Treasury Department, Wash-
ington. D. C.
APPLICATION FOR REINSTATEMENT OF
WAR RISK YEARLY RENEWABLE 7N-
SURANCE.
Certificate No Date 19....
My full name is
(First name.) (Middle name.) (Last name.)
I hereby apply for the reinstatement of
$ insurance granted to me under
the provisions of the war risk insurance act.
now lapsed or canceled for nonpayment of
premium, and I do hereby certify that I am
now. to the best of my knowledge and be-
lief, in as good health as I was at the date
of my discharge or at the expiration of the
grace period, whichever is the later date.
(Signature of applicant.)
Address
Date discharged
Last month for which premium was paid
Amount inclosed $
Witness
Residence
Rank and organization of applicant at date of
application for this insurance:
(Rank.) ' (Organization.)
Under the compensation clause of the war
risk act, every man who wore the fighting
uniform of the United States is entitled to
compensation and free medical treatment if.
due to his military service, he has suffered
any disability not the result of his own willful
misconduct.
This disability may be due to wounds, acci-
dent or illness which occurred during military
service. Disability may be due to causes origi-
nating previous to his entry into service, but
latent at the time of entry, which were aggra-
vated or made active by reason of military
service.
Also, disability, incipient at the time of dis-
charge, may have become apparent several
months later. In this latter class of cases, the
service man must undergo physical examina-
tion, if his disability is the result of military
service, within one year after discharge, record
of this physical examination becoming the
basis of his claims to compensation. This ex-
amination will be given without charge by
any United States public health surgeon. In
the case of a man who takes this physical
examination within one year, and who secures
a certificate signed by the director to the effect
that the injured person at the time ol hia
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
265
discharge was suffering1 from an injury likely
to result in death or disability, compensation
is payable for death or disability whenever
occurring, if the proximate result of the in-
All men who have been discharged because
of disability and all those whose disability
due to service has developed since discharge
should apply at once to the home-service sec-
tion of the American Red Cross : to the nearest
district supervisor of the United States public
health service: or directly to the compensa-
tion and claims division, bureau of war risk
insurance. Washington. D. C.
To expedite handling the case, all letters
addressed to the bureau should contain the
following information:
Compensation and Insurance Claims Division
BUREAU OF WAR RISK INSURANCE.
Full name
(First namo.) (Middle name.) (Last name.)
1. Present address:
*' City or* town*. * ' * Street* and number'.
County. State.
R. F.D. No. if any.
2. Compensation Number
3. Date of Enlistment
4 Name of Army or Navy Organization....
e.'Rank'..' «. Army Serial
^Number, if in the army
7. Date of discharge from service, or death
8. Date of birth 9. Number of Insur-
ance Certificate (if any)
10. Full name of beneficiary
(First name'.)* (Middle name.) (Last name.)
11. Address of beneficiary
City or* town*. Street and number.
State.
R. F. D. if any.
County.
If there is need of immediate medical at-
tention the matter should be taken up with
the nearest district supervisor. The districts
of the United States public health service
and the addresses of the district supervisors
are:
District <No. 1— Maine. New Hampshire. Ver-
mont. Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Dis-
trict supervisor. U. S. public health serv-
ice. 51 Cornhill street, Boston, Massachusetts.
District No. 2 — Connecticut. New York and
New Jersey. District supervisor, U. S. pub-
lic health service. Broadway, New York
City.
District No. 3— Pennsylvania and Delaware.
District supervisor, U. S. public health serv-
ice. 410 Chestnut street. Philadelphia. Pa.
District No. 4— District of Columbia. Mary-
land. Virginia and West Virginia. Dis-
trict supervisor. U. S. public health service,
Washington. D. C.
District No. 5 — North Carolina. South Caro-
lina. Tennessee. Georgia, and Florida. Dis-
trict supervisor, U. S. public health serv-
ice, 5th floor, Chamber of Commerce build-
ing, Atlanta, Georgia.
District No. 6— Alabama. Mississippi and Lou-
isiana. District supervisor. U. S. public
health service, 409 Audubon building-. New
Orleans. La.
District No. 7— Indiana. Ohio and Kentucky.
District supervisor. U. S. public health serv-
ice. 705 Reave building. 4th and Race Sts..
Cincinnati. Ohio.
District No. 8— Illinois. Michigan and Wis-
consin. District supervisor. U. S. public
health service. 512 Garland building. Chi-
cago, 111.
District No. 9— Nebraska. Iowa. Kansas and
Missouri. District supervisor. U. S. public
health service, 160 Syndicate building-. St.
Louis. Mo.
District No. 10— Minnesota. North Dakota.
South Dakota and Montana. District su-
pervisor, U. S. public health service, 744
Lowry building. St. Paul. Minn.
District No. 11— Wyoming. Utah. Colorado
and New Mexico. District supervisor, U. S.
public health service. Mercantile building.
Denver. Colo.
District No. 12r-Arizona. Nevada and Cali-
fornia. District supervisor. U. S. public
health service. 14th avenue and Lake street.
San Francisco, Cal.
District No. 13 — Washington. Idaho and Ore-
gon. District supervisor, U. S. public health
service, Medical building, Portland, Ore.
District No. 14— Oklahoma, Texas and Arkan-
sas. District supervisor, U. S. public health
service. Houston. Texas.
ISLAND POSSESSIONS.
Philippine Islands — Passed Assistant Surgeon
L. R. Thompson. U. S. public health serv-
ice. Manila, P. I.
Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands— Assistant
Surgeon Carl Michel, U. S. public health
serviqe, San Juan, P. R.
Or write directly to Compensation and
Claims Division. Bureau of War Risk Insur-
ance. R. G. Cholmeley-Jones. Director. Treas-
ury department, Washington. D. C.
An appropriation of 89.000.000 was made
at the last session of^ congress for the pur-
chase, building and equipment of hospitals
to be owned by the treasury department. These
hospitals are operated by the United Sta-tes
public health service and are intended pri-
marily for the cure of war risk patients. Free
treatment will be given in these hospitals and
compensation will be paid for disabilities re-
sulting from military duty, no matter what
time may elapse after separation from the
military organization.
WAR RISK INSURANCE STATISTICS.
SOLDIERS AND SAILORS.
Applications to Oct. 31, 1918.. 4,099,031 | Average amount applied for...
Insurance applied for $35,762,516.000 ! Estimated premium income —
Expenditures.
(To Oct. 31. 1918.)
Branch. "Automatic. t Contract.
Army $885,600.00
Navy 233.580.86
Marine corps 8,692.16
Coast guard 1,928.23
142,543;i37
Total.
$2,474.318.23 $3,359,918.23
275,652.83 509,233.69
115,747.79 124,439.95
1,888.29 3,816.62
Total 1.129.801.25 2,867,607.14 3.997.408.39
had not applied for insurance. tThe law pro-
vides for the issuance of insurance contracts to
•Provision was made to insure automatically
any person in active service on or after April
6. 1917. who died or became permanently dis-
abled before Feb. 12, 1918, even though he ice.
officers, enlisted men and nurses in active serv-
266
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Allotments and Allowances.
(Oct. 31. 1918.)
The law requires an enlisted man to allot a
certain amount of his pay to certain classes of
dependents. To other classes of dependents he
may allot part of his pay. To these allot-
Branch.
Army
Navy
Marine corps
Coast guard
Total .
ments the government adds certain allowance*.
determined by the number of dependents and
the man's habitual contribution to them.
Allotment. Allowance. Total. N
$110,771,029.52 581,692,342.44 $192,463. 371.96
15,617.118.13 13,337,467.98 28,954,586.11
1,227,995.01 1,089,279.43 2. 317,274.44
640.931.78 632.067.77 1.272.999.66
....... ......... 128.257,074.44
SEAMEN'S SECTION.
(June 26. 1917. to Nov. 15, 1918.)
96,751,157.62 225.008.232.06
Polities (vessels) 4,402
Individuals 149,365
Earnings of complements 515,165,816.86
Gross insurance 5266,629,165.84
Canceled insurance $17,066,530.94
Net insurance 5249.562,634.90
Gross premiums 5895,186.80
Return premiums 583,487.71
Total net premiums 5811,699.09
Insurance at risk 540,811,483.84
Unearned premiums
Losses — Death
Detention
Injuries
Unlocated beneficiaries
524,194.17
5240,746.00
59,660.00
521.612-00
519.800.00
Beneficiaries, prisoners ......
Total paid ...................
Due on adjusted claims ......
Unadjusted claims ..........
Total determined losses .....
Claims awaiting- proof ......
MARINE SECTION.
(Sept. 2. 1914. to Nov. 15. 1918.)
58,220.00
572.219.00
544,324.00
8155,475.00
5272.018.00
5106,950.00
Policies written
26.203
.
Amount insured ............... $1.944.406.127
Premiums
Amount at risk.
Losses paid
Expenses
546,389.631
5151.491.151
529.774,497
5152.684
EUGENE V. DEBS SERVING PRISON SENTENCE.
Eugene V. Debs, four times socialist candi-
date for the presidency of the United States,
was arrested in Cleveland, O.. June 20. 1918.
by United States Marshal Charles W. Lapp
and Deputy Marshal Charles Boehme as he
was about to deliver a socialist address. The
arrest was made on a federal warrant in
connection with Debs' speech at the socialist
state convention in Canton. O.. on June 16.
He was brought to trial and on Sept. 12 was
found guilty by a federal jury. Of the orig-
inal ten counts of the indictment only four
remained when the jury retired to consider
the evidence. He was found guilty of at-
tempting to incite insubordination, disloyalty,
etc., in the military and naval forces r at-
tempting to obstruct recruiting and uttering
language tending to incite, provoke and en-
courage resistance to the United States and
to promote the cause of the enemy. The
count on which he was adjudged innocent
charged that he opposed the cause of the
United States.
On Sept. 14 Debs was sentenced to ten years
in the Moundsville (W. Va.) penitentiary on
each of three counts of the indictment by
Federal Judge D. C. Westenhaver. The sen-
tences will run concurrently. Motion for a
new trial was overruled and an exception on
behalf of the defendant was allowed. A mo-
tion for arrest of the sentence was also over-
ruled. The court admitted Debs to 510,000
bail, with permission to leave the northern
federal district of Ohio only to go to and
remain at his home.
The case was carried to the United States
Supreme court, which on March 10, 1919.
sustained the conviction and sentence by the
lower court. The constitutionality of the
espionage act itself was not passed upon, but
the members of the court were unanimous in
holding the enlistment section valid and in
declaring that the aci did not interfere with
the right of free speech.
In a speech in Cleveland, O.. March 12 Mr.
Debs said that the justices of the United
States Supreme court were fossils. "I am a
bolshevist." he declared. "I glory in the red
necktie and the red flag. With every drop
of blood in my veins I despise the selective
service law. Do I respect it? No."
Mr. Debs asked for a rehearing1 by the Su-
preme court on March 27, but his petition waB
denied March 31. When informed of the lact
Mr. Debs said that on May 1 p series ol
strikes would begin and that the miners in
Indiana, his own state, would dig no more
coal until he was released from the peniten-
tiary. The strikes, however, did not occur.
Mr. Debs began serving his sentence in the
West Virginia penitentiary at Moundsville,
April 13. Just before entering his cell he
issued a statement to the socialists of Amer-
ica in which he said among other things:
"These are pregnant days and promising-
ones. We are all on the threshold of tremen-
dous changes. The workers of the world are
awakening and bestirring themselves as never
before. All the forces that are playing upon
the modern world are making for the over-
throw of despotism in all its forms and for
the emancipation of the masses of mankind.
I shall be in prison in the days to come but
my revolutionary spirit will be abroad and I
shall not be inactive.
"I enter the prison door a flaming- revolu-
tionist, my head unbent, my spirit untamed,
my soul unconquerable."
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Acreage of unreserved and unappropriated
lands remaining in the public domain of the
United States in 1918. Of the total 80.216.925
acres are unsurveyed.
State. Acres.
Nebraska. 108.556
Nevada . 55,082,200
New Mex.. 19.115.554
N. Dakota 116,138
Oklahoma. 31. "£15
Oregon .. 14.325.591
S. Dakota 837,226
Utah 31.475.919
Wash. ... 1.259,983
Wisconsin. 6.146
Wyoming. 25,434,194
State.
Alabama .
Arizona .
Arkansas .
California
Colorado .
Florida .
Idaho ...
Kansas...
Louisiana
Miss. ...
Michigan.
Minnesota
Missouri .
Montana .
Acres.
35.220
21.256,010
288.476
20,529.034
10.271,955
114. 7C6
13,322.716
5,275
45.559
42.064
72.829
469,973
147
8.201.019
Total.... 222.448,225
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
26T
PRESIDENT WILSON IN EUROPE.
[Details of President Wilson's work at the be won in such
peace conference in Paris are given in con-
nection with the account of the German treaty
negro tiationfi.]
It was officially announced at the white
house in Washington Nov. 18. 1918. just a
week after the armistice in the world war was
signed, that President Wilson would go to
France immediately after the opening of the
regular session of congress in December for
the purpose of taking part in the discussion
and settlement of the main features of the
treaty of peace. On the evening of Nov.
29 it was further announced that the repre-
sentatives of the United States at the peace
conference would be President Woodrpw Wil-
eon. Secretary of State Robert Lansing. Ed-
ward M. House, Henry White and Gen. Tasker
H. Bliss.
On the afternoon of Dec. 2 the president ap-
peared before a joint session of congress and
delivered his annual message, in which he
gave his reasons for attending the peace con-
ference in person. He said that he considered
it his paramount duty to go and that he
realized the magnitude and difficulty of the
task he was undertaking1.
"I am the servant of the nation," he said.
"I can have no private thought or purpose of
my own in performing1 such an errand. I go
to give the best that is in me to the common
settlements which I must now assist in ar-
riving at in conference with the other work-
ing heads of the associated governments. I
shall make my absence as brief as possible
and shall hope to return with the happy as-
surance that it has been possible to translate
into action the great ideals for which Amer-
ca has striven."
President Wilson, accompanied by Mrs. Wil-
son, the other delegates to the peace confer-
ence with the exception of Gen. Bliss, who was
already in Prance, and with a large number of
specialists in international matters, sailed on
the transport George Washington from Ho-
boken. N. J., Dec. 4. The voyage was un-
eventful and the party arrived at Brest.
France, on Dec. 13 after having- been met by
a special escort of American warships and
escorted into the harbor. The 'George Wash-
ington was accompanied all the way across
by the battleship Pennsylvania, flying the flag"
of Admiral Henry T. Mayo, and by the de-
stroyers Wickes, Woolsey, Tarbell and Yarnell.
After brief welcoming ceremonies at Brest the
president and the members of his party board-
ed a special train which brought them to the
Bois de Boulogne station in Paris on Satur-
day morning. Dec. 14. President Wilson was
greeted warmly by President Poincare and
Mme. Poincare, Premier Clemenceau. Andre
Tardieu and other hierh French officials. He
was then conducted to the residence selected
for him. that of Prince Murat. in the Pare
Monceau.
Officially Welcomed.
Later in the day President and Mrs. Wilson
attended a luncheon given in their honor by
President Poincare. In his speech of wel-
come the head of the French republic said
that Paris and France had awaited him with
impatience eager to offer thanks, in his p^r-
scn. to the great republic for the invaluable
help which had be^n given spontaneously to
the defenders of ricrht and liberty. M. Poin-
care praised the American soldiers, comparing-
their enthusiasm with that of crusade^
ing for the holy land. Responding, President
Wilson said among other things:
"From the first the thought of the people
of the United States turned to something-
more than the mere winning of the war. It
turned to the establishment of eternal prin-
ciples of right and justice. It realized that
way and the questions
raised by it settled in such a way as to in-
sure the future peace of the world and lajr
the foundation for the freedom and happiness
of its many peoples and nations."
On the day of his arrival in Paris he received
a delegation of socialists, who presented him
with an address. In his reply he referred to
the formation of a league of nations as the
only means of preventing a repetition of the
wrongs committed in the world war. The day
before his arrival the municipal council of
Paris revived an old custom and conferred
upon President Wilson the title of "citizen of
Paris."
On Sunday. Dec. 15, President Wilson drove
to the Picpus cemetery and laid a wreath on
the tomb of Lafayette. Attached to the wreath
was the president's personal card, bearing- the
inscription: "In memory of the great Lafay-
ette. from a fellow servant of liberty."
Monday afternoon. Dec. 16, a luncheon wa»
given in honor of President and Mrs. Wilson
in the city hall, at which addresses were made
by Adrien Mithouard. president of the mu-
nicipal council of Paris: M. Autrand. prefect
of the Seine, and President Wilson. In the
course of the ceremonies a representative of
the council presented to President Wilson the
great gold medal of the city of Paris and to
Mrs. Wilson a diamond brooch.
On the evening of Dec. 17 President Wilson
attended a dinner given by the American am-
bassador. William G. Sharp, in honor of him-
selt and Mrs. Wilson and President and Mme.
Poincare. He also had conferences with.
Marshal Foch and other men of importance.
among them the Count di Cellere, Italian am-
bassador and high commissioner to the
United States, at which the Italian claims,
which were later to cause such a wide diver-
eence of views at the peace conference, were-
briefly discussed. The president also visited
for the first time the headquarters of the
American peace delegation. It was announced
that he would make visits to Italy and Eng-
land and later' Belgium, brit that they would
be of a social rather than of a political nature.
King Victor Emmanuel of Italy, accompa-
nied by the prince of Piedmont, heir to th«
Italian throne, and a small personal gnard,
arrived in Paris on Dec. 19. and after beimsr
warmly welcomed by President Poincar* and
other officials, called upon President Wilson
at the Murat mansion and officially invited
him and Mrs. Wilson to be his and Queen
Helena's guests at the Quirinal in Rome.
APPRECIATION BY MARSHAL JOFPR.E.
In the course of the day President and Mrs.
Wilson attended the ceremony makinBr Mar-
shal Joffre a memter of the French Academy.
In his inaugural speech as an Academician
Gen. Joffre said in part: .
"It is not without deep emotion that I
look back upon the time which I epent last
' ' people.
year in the
States. This people, by
the intensity of its affection for France, caused
one to sense the strength which it somehow
felt, but which it did not yet know how to
employ. It seemed that by its great love tTvs
people felt itself already doing1 something- noble
and comforting1 to the alMed armies. Itmnde
no mistake, for that love enabled France
overwhelmed by the defection of th« Russian
armies and by the great and weakening trials
of the spring- of 1917. to keep intact its con-
fidence and its courage.
"While in the midst of the American crowds
I was living hours which I number among-
the sweetest of my life. I had divined the
need for sacrifices on their part awakened in
the soul of this generous people by the hero-
ism of our soldiers and the justice of our
cause. In order that France might live in
to win the war was not enough: that it must ; prosperity, that Belgium might re-establish
368
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
"herself, that liberty might reign and that
right might be reinstated. America arose ana
resolved to throw into the furlit her last man
and her last dollar.
"History does not record a more marvelous
achievement than that of millions of men
Toluntarily breaking away from their peaceful
pursuits to cross the seas, where lurked death:
to oome thousands of miles from their coun-
try and give up their lives for a noble cause.
a great ideal. And as if the sacrifice was not
completed by sending1 the husbands and sons,
we have seen the wives, the fathers and the
mothers escorting' across the seas that pha-
lanx of warriors to alleviate our sufferings
and dresa our wounds. We have seen them
unsparingly giving1 their gold and the treas-
ures of their hearts, kneeling on the graves
of our sons and adopting our orphans.
"In a brotherly embrace France and Amer-
ica have given one another their faith, a
pledge for the present and the future."
ADDRESS AT THE SORBONNE.
President Wilson on Dec. 20 received Pre-
mier Orlando and Foreign Minister Sonnino of
Italy at the Murat mansion and later re-
turned the call made by King Victor Em-
manueL with whom he had a cordial inter-
view of three-auarters of an hour. On the
afternoon of the following day. in the amphi-
theater of the University of Paris (the Sor-
bonne). he received the degree of doctor,
honoris causa, in recognition of his work as
a jurist and historian. President Poincare.
the .presidents of the senate and chamber of
deputies, the diplomatic corps, members of the
government and the highest civil and military
authorities were present. Alfred Croiset. dean
of the faculty of letters, welcomed the presi-
dent and presented to him the diploma of a
doctor as a testimonial to his work as a his-
torian, and then Ferdinand Larnaude. dean of
the faenlty of law. bestowed upon him the
degree of doctor for his works on jurispru-
dence and political science. Lucien Poincare.
vice-rector of the university, paid a tribute to
Mr. Wilson's ability as a professor and told
of his work in the war. In acknowledging-
the honor conferred upon him President Wil-
son said:
"I feel very keenly the distinguished honor
which has been conferred upon me by the
great University of Paris, and it is very de-
lightful to me also to have the honor of be-
ing inducted into the great company of schpl-
ars whose life and fame have made the his-
tory of the University of Paris a thing ad-
mirable among men of cultivation in all parts
of the world.
"By what you have said, sir. of the theory
of education which has been followed in*~
France and which I have tried to promote in
the United States I am tempted to venture
upon a favorite theme. I have always thought
that the chief object of education was to
awaken the spirit, and that, inasmuch as a
literature whenever it has touched its great
and higher notes was an expression of the
spirit of mankind, the best induction into edu-
cation was to feel the pulses of humanity
which had beaten from age to age through
the universities of men who had penetrated
to the secrets of the human spirit.
"And I agree with the intimation which has
been conveyed to-day that the terrible war
through which we have just passed has not
been only a war between nations, but that it
has been also a war between systems of cul-
ture — the one system the aggressive system,
using science without conscience, stripping
learning of its moral restraints and using-
every faculty of the human mind to do wrong
to the whole race: the other system reminis-
•cent of the high traditions of men. reminiscent
<xf all these struggles, some of them obscure.
but others clearly revealed in history of men
of indomitable spirit everywhere struggling
toward the right and seeking above all iSnJI
6lS6 tO D6 irB^.
•i/T^t triumph of freedom in this -war means
that that spirit shall now dominate the world
There is a great wave of moral force moving
through the world and every man who op-
to that wave will go down in
The task of those who are gathered here
or will presently be gathered here to make
ir« £et{!em£nt9P °! J£is peace is ^eatly sim-
plified by th« fact that they are the masters
of no one: they are the servants of mankind
And if we do not heed the mandates of man-
kind we shall make ourselves the most con-
spicuous and deserved failures in the history
ol tna world.
• "MT>,?0n^'p*i0-11? <£ Jhe lea^e of nations is
just this— that it shall operate as the organ-
ized moral force of men throughout the world
and that whenever or wherever wrong and
«Jf£v^10,n r31^ Pl« nned or contemplated this
searching light of conscience will be turned
upon them and men everywhere will ash?
What are the purposes that you hold in your
heart against the fortunes of the world?'
Just a little exposure will settle most ques-
tions. If the central powers had dared to dis-
cuss the purposes of this war for a single
fortnight it .never would have happened: and
if. as should be. they were forced to discuss
conceivable6*1"' ^ W31> W°Uld haV6 been ln'
"So I feel that war is. as has been said
more than once to-day, intimately related with
the university spirit. The university spirit is
intolerant of all the thing's that put the hu-
man mind under restraint. It is intolerant of
everything that seeks to retard the advance-
«;«nt 0Vd4?ls< the acceptance of the truth.
the purification of life; and every univereitv
man can ally himself with the forcS? of th?
nnit ?£i?t-*0'Jlprile that I venture
.aa.n- it is that it has been my private
privilege in some measure to interpret the
university spirit in the pubic life of a great
nation, and I feel that in honoring me to-day
thia unusual and conspicuous manner you
have first of all honored the people whom I
represent. The spirit that I try to express I
know to be their spirit, and in proportion as
the
.
*L before- wish to thank you. sir, from
the bottom .of my heart for a distinction which
nag in a singular way crowned my academic
,
VISITS TO HOSPITALS.
More than four hours were devoted oy
President Wilson on Dec. 22 to a visit to
the Red Cross hospital at Neuilly aParif
SU-^r^' o™16^116 8hook hands and talked
with 1.200 badly wounded Americans, chief-
ly from the battles of the Chateau Thierrr
region. He entered every ward and -stopped
at every bedside. Later he visited the French
hospital at Val de Grace. Notwithstanding-
the. cheerfulness of the patients and the earl
which they were receiving, the president wit-
nessed many affecting scenes in the wards and
looked tired and worn when the visit was
over.
SPEECH TO AMERICAN ARMY.
On Christmas day. Dec. 25. 1918, President
Wilson visited the headquarters of the Amer-
ican expeditionary force in Chaumont. France.
and in the course of the day reviewed a large
number of trooi.s near the village of Humes.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Introducing- the president to the soldiers. Gen.
e"Mr.n President and Fellow Soldiers: We are
gathered here to-day to do honor to the com-
mander of our armies and navies. For the
first time an American president will review
an American army on foreign soil— the soil
of a sister republic beside whose gallant
troops we have fought to restore peace to
"Speaking for you and your comrades, I am
proud to declare to the president that . no
army has ever more loyally or more effective-
ly served ita country, and none has ever
fought in a nobler cause.
'•You Mr. President, by your confidence and
by your support, have made the success 9f
our army and to you. as our commander in
chief, may I now present the nation's vic-
torious army?"
SSLJ.'SS
oeive from those at home who love you
your duty and you have done it with a spirit
which gave it distinction and glory.
" now we are to hail the fruits
You conquered, when you came
And
Te? whl{ you "caS? tor. and you fii« done
what it wM-ggJt- '- .^/.''ine'a'yn
from one of the countries with
e are associated was discussing with
mp me moral aspects of this war and I
Sid that if we did not insist upon the high
purpose which we have accomplished the end
*v^&£!?$S£ i. pTdfVouff^
has followed every movement of this ffreat
other army, "because our country is like U-.
country? we have been so proud of the stand
taken, of the purpose for which this war
was entered by the United States.
"You knew what we expected of you and
you did it I know what you and the people
at home expected of me: and I am happy -to
say my fellow countrymen, that I do not fin
in the hearts of the great leaders with whom
it is my privilege now to co-operate any dif
ference of Principle or of fundamental pur
P°ItS' happened that
lormal speech like this, to show you my real
eart. You men probably do not realize with
what anxious attention and care we have fol-
owed every ftep you have advanced and how
roud we are that every step was in ad-
vance and not in retreat: that every time you
et your face in any direction you kept your
ace in that direction.
"A thrill has gone through my heart as it
has gone through the heart of every Ameri-
an, with almost every gun that was fired and
very stroke that was struck in the gallant
tenting that you have done, and there has
been only one regret in America, and that was
he regret that every man there felt that he
was not over there in France, too.
'It has been a hard thing to perform the
asks in the United States: it ha* been a
hard thing to take part in directing what you
did without coming over and helping you to
do it. It has taken a lot of moral courage to
stay at home.
"But we were proud to back you up every-
where that it was possible to back you up.
Ar-d new I am happy to find what splendid
names you have made for yourselves among the
civilian population of France as well as among
your comrades in the armies of the French,
and it is a fine testimony tb you men that
these people like you and love you and trust
you. and the finest part of it all is that you
deserve their trust.
"I feel a comradeship with you to-day which
is delightful, as I look down upon these un-
disturbed fields and think of the terrible
scenes through which you have gone and re-
alize how the quiet of peace, the tranquillity"
of settled hopes has descended upon us. And.
while it is hard far away from home con-
fidently to bid you a merry Christmas. I can.
I think, confidently promise you a happy New
Year, and I can from the bottom of my heart
say God bless you."
Address in Chaumont.
In response to an address presented at the
Hotel de Ville in Chaumont President Wilson
said:
"I feel that I have been peculiarly honored
in the generous reception you have given me.
and it is the more delightful because it so
obviously comes from the heart. And I can-
not but believe that it is an instinctive re-
sponse to the feeling that is in my own
breast because I think that even you, who feel
contact with our soldiers, cannot but realize
the depth and sincerity of the feeling- of the
United States for France.
'•Jt i? an ancient friendship, but it has been
renewed and has taken on a new youth. It
it was the privilege o
Americ'a"To""prcsent'the chart for peace, and
no^ the process of settlement has been mad
comparatively simple by the fact that all th
nations concerned have accepted that chart
and the application of these principles lam
down there will be their application.
"The world will now know that the nations
that fought this war, as well as the soldiers
who represented them, are ready to make good
make good not only in the assertion of their
own interests, but make good in the establish-
ment of peace upon the permanent foundation
of right and of justice.
"Because this is not a war in which the
soldiers of the free nations have obeyed mas-
ters You hove commanders, but you have
no masters. Your very commanders represent
you in representing the nation, of which you
constitute so distinguished a part.
"And everybody concerned in the settle-
ment knows that it must be a people s peace
and that nothing must be done in the settle-
ment of the issues of the war which is not as
handsome as the great achievements of the
armies of the United Stales and the allies.
"It is difficult, very difficult, men. in any
is not only tentative,
i communion of prin-
is a friendship which
but one based upon ;
ciplc.
"You have spoken generously and beauti-
fully of the relations which have sprung up
between yourselves and our soldiers. That is
because they came not only to associate them-
selves with you as the champions of liberty
but they came with personal affections in their
hearts for the people of France, and it must
have been that which you realized.
"They did not come as strangers in their-
thoughts. Th°y brought with them something
that made them feel at home the moment
they were at Havre or at Brest in France
"So I am very much moved by being thus
drawn, as they have been, into your midst
and into your conferences and wish to thank
you very warmly for them and the people of
the United States. I. like them, shall carry
away with me the most delierhtful recollec-
tions and in my heart shall always say as I
now say. 'Vive la France.' "
VISIT TO ENGLAND.
At Dover.
After taking their Christmas dinner at
Montigny-le-Roy and visiting a number of sol-
370
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
diera in their billets. President and Mrs. Wil-
£0n left Chaumont on a special train for Ca-
lais, arriving- there on the morning- of Dec.
26. They were met by Vice-Admiral Sir Roger
Keyes, commander of the British Dover pa-
trol, who escorted them aboard the hospital
ship Brighton. In crossing- the strait the
Brighton was escorted by British and French
destroyers and a British cruiser on the water
and by numerous airplanes flying above it. At
Dover President Wilson was met by the duke
of Connaught, who welcomed him in the name
of the king, by Baron Reading and other
-dignitaries, and children strewed flowers be-
fore the party. At the pier the mayor of the
city made an address of welcome to which
President Wilson responded as follows:
"Mr. Mayor, you have certainly extended to
me and to those who are accompanying me a
very cordial and gracious hand of welcome,
"Even the sea was kind to us this morning
and gave us a very pleasant passage, so that
it tallied perfectly with our expectati9ns of
the pleasure we should have in landing in
England.
"We have gone through many serious times
together, and, therefore, we can regard each
other in a new light as comrades and associ-
ates, because nothing brings men together like
a common understanding and a common pur-
pose. I think that in spite of all the terri
ble sufferings and sacrifices of this war we
shall some day. in looking back upon them,
realize that they were worth while, not only
because of the security they gave the world
against unjust aggression, but also because of
the understanding they established between
«reat nations which ought to act with each
other.
"It is. therefore, with emotions of peculiar
gratification that I find myself here. It af-
fords the opportunity to match my mind
with the minds of those who. with a like in-
tention, are purposing to do the best that
•can be done in the great settlements of the
struggla
"I thank you very warmly, gentlemen, for
your greeting, and - beg to extend to you in
the name of my countrymen the most cor-
dial greetings."
Reception in London.
When the ceremonies at Dover were con-
cluded the presidential party, accompanied by
Lord HerschelL lord in waiting to the king,
and Commander Sir Charles Cust, equerry to
the king, who were specially attached to the
president, traveled by special train to London,
where it arrived in the Charing Cross station
at 2:30 o'clock in the afternoon. The station
had been specially decorated for the occasion
with flags, green leaves and dark red curtains,
while the pl-jtform tvt which the train drew
up was covered with red matting. Among those
assembled to greet the American president
were the kin? and queen. Princess Mary,
Prime Minister Lloyd George, Bonar Law, Lord
Onrzon. Walter Long. Lord Robert Cecil. Gen.
Sir William Robertson. Admiral Sir Rosslyn
Weymss and many other dignitaries of the
empire. King George was in the uniform of a
field marshal.
"Punctually at half past 2." said the Lon-
don Times in describing the historic event,
"the president's special train arrived. A tiny
silken stars and stripes fluttered from the
front of the engine. There was a moment of
lieen expectation when the train was brought
to a standstill. Then as the president stepped
from his saloon the band broke the silence
with 'The Star Spangled Banner.' Officers
stood rigid and civilians bared their heads un-
til the last note had sounded. The king- and
<jueen greeted the president and Mrs. Wilson
with great cordiality. The duke of Connaught
and the members of the president's suite
swelled the ETOUP on the platform. Presently
the band began Sousa's 'Stars and Stripes'
and the king and president, attended by the
officers of their suites, walked across the plat-
form to inspect the guard of honor. The presi-
dent, walking beside the king, chatted with
animation as they went down the ranks. His
eyes twinkled merrily and his whole bearing
told of vigor and humor. The inspection over,
the president and king rejoined the group of
ministers and officers. There were presenta-
tions handshakings and greetings, all delight-
fully informal.
"The president shook hands with the prime
minister and a dozen members of the govern-
ment and seemed to have a cheery remark for
each. He shook hands with the British and
American officers. For at least five minutes he
was shaking hands and all the time he was
either talking hard or smiling. Mrs. Wilson,
who was carrying a bouquet of white flowers,
was also surrounded by a circle of ministers,
anxious to bid her welcome to London.
"Up to this point there had been no cheer-
ing. The president's welcome on the platform
had been partly ceremonial — the guard of
honor determined that — and partly personal,
for that was the meaning of the promiscuous
and unceremonial handgrips. The popular wel-
come was to come. The king and president,
still side by side, emerged from the group in
the inclosure and took their way up the plat-
form under the arch of leaves and berries,
across the curtained main hall of the station
and out into the station yard. There five royal
carriages were waiting. The king and the pres-
ident and the duke of Connaught took then*
places in the first and the queen. Mrs. Wilson
and Princess Mary in the second. Members of
the king's and president's suites occupied the
remaintpg carriages. A sovereign's escort of
household cavalry preceded and followed the
two leading carriages, each section carrying a
standard. As the procession started on its way
the crowd which choked the Strand on each
side of the station cheered with all its might,
rnd, punctuating the continuous roll of cheer-
ing, there came the clangor of church bells
and the booming1 of gruns.
"All along the route— Charing- Cross. Duncan-
non street. Trafalgar square. Pall Mall. St.
James street, Piccadilly and Constitution hill—
the road was bright with flags. They flew
from Venetian masts, from windows and para-
pets. They fluttered from staves. They were
festooned from side to side of the streets.
There was every shape of flag- adopted by
mankind in its festivals.
"A distant roar of cheers announced the ar-
rival of the procession in the Mall, in which
there were immense crowds. Queen Alexandra
and Prince Olaf camo outside the Marlborough
house together. The queen carried a small
union jack and the stars and stripes, such as
thousands in the crowd held. Soon afterward
the queen of Norway and Princess Victoria
joined them. Occasionally Queen Alexandra,
who appeared to be in excellent spirits, went
into the road to look for the procession. As it
drew nearer the royal group the king touched
Mr. Wilson on the arm and drew his atten-
tion to the queen mother. Mr. Wilson turned
sharply and took a keen look along the ave-
nue of people until he saw her. Then he
rose, waved his hat and bowed, the queen
responding by vigorously waving the Amer-
ican flagr. In a similar way the queen drew
Mrs. Wilson's attention to Queen Alexandra
and Mrs. Wilson waved her bouquet of
orchids in salutation, her majesty smilingly
returning the salutation.
"The crowd was thicker nowhere than at
Hyde Park corner and Constitution hill and the
cheers were correspondingly enthusiastic. In
salute to President Wilson the horse guards
Dand played 'The Star Spangled Banner' and
then, as «,he queen's coach followed, the mu-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
271
sic changed to the national anthem. There was
no break in the outburst of enthusiasm as the
procession made the last stag-es of its journey
along1 Constitution hill."
President and Mrs. Wilson were welcomed by
a vast crowd which had gathered outside of
Buckingham palace, at which they were the
guests of the king and queen while in Lon-
don. In response to loud demands for a
speech from the crowd, which included a num.
ber of wounded soldiers. President Wilson ap-
peared -vn a balcony of the palace with the
king and queen. Mrs. Wilson. Princess Mary
and the duke of Connaught. and leaning- over
the railing of the balcony said:
"I will not attempt to make a speech, but
I wish to say how deeply I honor you men
who have received wounds in this terrible war
for freedom which we have just concluded,
and to say how your splendid tribute to my
own dear country to-day is appreciated. I
hope you may live long to enjoy the fruits
of the victory you have achieved."
Later in the afternoon Mr. and Mrs. Wilson
drove out to pay calls on Queen Alexandra
and other members of the royal family not
resident within the palace. In the evening
they dined privately with the king and queen.
On Friday. Dec. 27. Premier Lloyd George
and Arthur J. Balfour. secretary of state for
foreign affairs, called at Buckingham palace
and conferred with President Wilson for some
time. Then the president went to the British
cabinet room at 10 Downing street, where
he was entertained at luncheon as Premier
Lloyd George's guest. Here the conference
was resumed, but was of a private na-
ture. Among those in attendance at the lunch-
eon and conference were Lord Reading. Mr.
Asquith, Lord Bryce. Lo^d Curzon. Lord Mor-
ley, Bonar Law and Arthur Henderson.
Buckingham Palace Banquet.
In the evening President Wilson and Mrs.
Wilson were entertained at a state banquet in
Buckingham palace, all the arrangements be-
ing of the most imposing and brilliant char-
acter. The guests numbered 120 and included
members of the royal family and some of the
most distinguished personages in the British
empire. The king and queen and the other
members of the royal house gathered in the
white drawing room, to which President and
Mrs. Wilson were conducted. As the other
guests arrived they were presented to the king
and aueen and the president and his wife,
after which they proceeded to their places in
the banqueting room, leaving the members of
the royal family and the principal guests to
follow in a procession attended by court offi-
cials in their state regalia.
President Wilson, conducting Queen Mary, led
the way. followed by King George with Mrs.
Wilson. Behind them came the duke of Con-
naught and Princess Mary and others of the
royal family in the order of their precedence.
At the table the king had on his right
President Wilson, the queen, the French am-
bassador Princess Christian, the Spanish am-
bassador, Pnncoss Patricia of Connaught and
the United States ambassador: on his left
were Mrs. Wilson, the duke of Connaught.
Princess Mary, the Italian ambassador. Prin-
cess Beatrice and the Japanese ambassador.
King George, proposing the health of the
principal guests, said:
"This is an historic moment and your visit
marks an historic epoch. Nearly 150 years
have passed since your republic began its in-
dependent life, and now for the first time
a president of the United States is our eruest
in England.
"We welcome you to the country whence
came your ancestors and where stand the
homes of those from whom sprang Washing-
ton and Lincoln. We welcome you for your-
self as one whose insight, calmness and dig-
nity in the discharge of his high duties we
have watched with admiration. We see in
you the happy union of the gifts of a scholar-
with those of a statesman. You came from
a studious, academic quiet into the full stream
of an arduous public life, and your deliver-
ances have combined breadth of view and
grasp of world problems with the mastery of
a lofty diction recalling that of your great
orators of the past and of our own.
"You come as the official head and spokes-
man of a mighty commonwealth bound to us
by the closest ties. Its people speak the
tongue of Shakespeare and Milton. Our
literature is yours, as yours is also ours, and
men of letters in both countries have joined
in maintaining its incomparable glones.
"To you. not less than to us. belong the
memories of our national heroes from King
Alfred down to the days of Philip Sidney and
Drake, of Raleigh and Blake and Hampden.
and the days when the political life of the
English stock in America was just beginning.
You share with us the traditions of free
self-government as old as the Magna Charta.
"We recognise the bond of still deeper sig-
nificance in the common ideals which our peo-
ple cherish. First among those ideals you
value, and we value, freedom and peace.
Privileged as we have been to be the exponents
and the examples in national life of the prin-
ciples of popular self-government based upon
equal laws, it now falls to both of us alike to
see how these principles can be applied be-
yond our own borders for the good of the
world.
"It was love of liberty, respect for law.
good faith and the sacred rights of human-
ity that brought you to the old world to
help in saving it from the dangers that were
threatening around and that - arrayed those
soldier citizens of yours, whose gallantry we
have admired, side by side with ours in the
war.
"You have now come to help in building up
new states amid the ruins of those that the
war has shattered and in laying the solid
foundations of a settlement that may stand
firm because it will rest upon the consent oi
the emancipated nationalities. You have elo-
quently expressed the hope of the American
people, as it is our hope, that some plan
may be devised to attain the end you have
done so much to promote by which the risk
of future wars may, if possible, be averted,
relieving the nations of the intolerable burden
which fear of war has laid upon them.
"The British nation wishes all success to
the deliberations on which you and we and
the great free nations allied with us are
now to enter, moved by disinterested good will
and a sense of duty commensurate with the
power which we hold as a solemn trust.
"The American and British peoples have
been brothers in arms and their arms have
been crowned with victory. We thank with
all our hearts your valiant soldiers and
sailors for their splendid part in that victory
as we thank the American people for their
noble response to the call of civilization and
humanity. May the same brotherly spirit
inspire and guide our united efforts to secure
for the world the blessings of an ordered
freedom and an enduring: peace.
"In asking you to join with me in drinking
to the health of the president. I wish to
say with what pleasure we welcome Mrs.
Wilson to this country.
"I drink to the health of the president of
the United States and Mrs. Wilson and to
the happiness and prosperity of the great
American nation."
During the delivery of the speech all the
guests stood. At the close of his remarks
the king and queen clinked glasses with their
guests. "The Star Spangled Banner" was
played, and then, with the company etilJ
272
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
standing, President Wilson replied as follows:
"I am deeply complimented by the gracious
words which you have uttered. The welcome
which you have given me and Mrs. Wilson
has been so warm, so natural, -so evidently
from the heart, that we have been more than
pleased.
"We have ibeen touched by it. and I be-
that I correctly interpret that welcome
as embodying1 rot only your own generous
spirit toward us personally, but also as ex-
pressing for yourself and the great nation
over which you preside that same feeling for
my people, for the people of the Unite<
States.
"For you and I, sir — I temporarily — embody
the spirit of two great nations, and what
rer strength I have and whatever authority
possess is only so long and so far as I
express the spirit and purpose of the Amer
ican people.
"Every influence that the American people
have over the affairs of the world is meas
ured by their sympathy with the aspiration
of free men everywhere.
"America does love freedom, and I believe
that she loves freedom unselfishly. But i:
she does not, she will not and cannot help
the influence to which she justly aspires.
"I have had the privilege, sir. of confer-
ring with the leaders of your own govern-
ment and with the spokesmen of the govern
ments of France and of Italy, and I am glad
to say that I have the same conceptions thai
they have of the significance and scope oJ
the duty on which we have met.
"We have used great words: all of us have
used the great words 'right' and 'justice,' and
now we are to prove whether or not we un-
derstand these words and how they are to be
applied to the particular settlements which
must conclude ihis war
"And we must not only understand them
but we must have the courage to act upon
our understanding.
"Yet after I have uttered the word 'cour-
age' it comes into my mind that it would
take more courage to resist the great moraj
tide now running in the world than to yield
to it. than to obey it.
"There is a great tide running- in the hearts
of men. The hearts of men have never beaten
so singularly in unison before.
'M^sn have never before been so conscious
of their brotherhood. Men have never before
realized how little difference there was be-
tween right and justice in one latitude and in
another, under one sovereignty and under an-
other.
"And it will be our high privilege, I be-
lieve, sir. not only to apply the moral judg-
ment of the world to the particular settle-
ments which we shall attempt, but also to
organize the moral force of the world to pre-
serve those settlements, to steady the forces
of mankind, and to make the right and the
justice to which great nations like our own
have devoted themselves, the predominant and
controlling force of the world.
"There is something inspiring in knowing
that this is the errand that we have come
on. Nothing less than this would have justi-
fied me in leaving the important tasks which,
fall upon me upon the other side of the sea —
nothing but the consciousness that nothing-
else compares with, this in dignity and im-
portance.
"Therefore, it is the more delightful to find
myself in the company of a body of men
united in ideal and purpose and to feel that
I am privileged to unite my thoughts with
yours in carrying1 forward these standards
which we are so proud to hold so high and to
defend.
"May I not, sir, with a feeling of profound
sincerity and friendship and sympathy, pro-
Pose your health and the health of the queen
and the prosperity of Great Britain?"
Their majesties and President and Mrs Wil-
son again clinked glasses and alter the' band
had played a few bars of the national anthem
the company proceeded to the state drawing
room, where coffee was served and conversa-
tion engaged in by the guests generally
Saturday, Dec. 28. was President Wilson's
6^d birthday anniversary, and in the morn-
ing King George went to his rooms and wished
him many happy returns of the day. At 10:30
the president went to the American embassy,
where he received various deputations who
presented addresses. The bodies represented
archbishop of Canterbury and Mr. Asquith
spoke for the last named.
Guest of City of London^
In the afternoon President and Mrs. Wil-
son drove to the Guildhall, where the Amer-
ican executive was the guest of the city of
London. Again the gathering included many
of the most distinguished statesmen of Britain.
The president's reception was spontaneous and
hearty, and when he i-ose to reply to the ad-
dress of welcome he was greeted with a pro-
longed outburst of hand clapping and cheer-
ing. He spoke as follows:
"Mr. Lord Mayor: We have come upon
times when ceremonies like this have a new
significance which most profoundly impresses
me as I stand here. The address which I
have just heard is most generously and gra-
ciously conceived, and the delightful accent
of sincerity in it seems like a part of that
voice of counsel which is now everywhere to
"I feel' that a distinguished honor has been
conferred upon me by this reception, and I
beg to assure you, sir, and your associates,
of my very profound appreciation, but I know
that I am only a part of what I may call
a great body of circumstances.
'I do not believe that it was fancy on my
oart that I heard in the voice of welcome ut-
tered in the streets of this great city and in
the streets of Paris something more than a
personal welcome. It seemed to me that I
heard the voice of one people speaking to an-
other people, and it was a voice in which
one could distinguish a singular combination
of emotions.
"There was surely there the deep grateful-
ness that the fighting was over. There was
the pride that the fighting had had such a
culmination. There was that sort of gratitude
that the nations engaged had produced such
men as the soldiers of Great Britain and of
he United States and of France and of Italy-
men whose prowess and achievements they
had witnessed with rising admiration as they
moved from culmination to culmination.
"But there was something more in it — the
onsciousness that the business is not yet
one, the consciousness that it now rests upon
ithers to see that those lives were not lost
n vain.
'I have not yet been to the actual battle
ield. but I have been with many of the men
vho have fought the battles, and the other
day I had the pleasure of being present at a
ession of the French Academy when they ad-
mitted Marshal Joffre to their membership,
'hat sturdy, serene soldier stood and uttered.
iot the words of triumph, but summed up in
, sentence which I will not try accurately to
uote but reproduce in spirit.
"It was that France must always remember
hat the small and the weak could never live
ree in the world unless the strong1 and the
•reat always put their power and their
trength in the service of right.
ALMANAC AND YEARBOOK FOR 1930.
37*
"That is the afterthought— the thought that
something must be done now; not only to
make the just settlements— that of course-
but to see that the settlements remained and
were observed and that honor and justice pre-
vail in the world.
"And as I have conversed with the soldiers
I have been more and more aware that they
fought for something that not all of them had
defined, but which all of them recognized the
moment you stated it to them.
"They fought to do away with an old order
and to establish a new one. and the center
and characteristic of the old order was that
unstable thing which we used to call the
'balance of power,' a thing in which the bal-
ance was determined by the sword which was
thrown in on the one side or the other, a
balance which was determined by the unstable
equilibrium of competitive interests, a bal-
ance which was maintained by jealous watch-
fulness and an antagonism of interests which,
though it was generally latent, was always
"The men' who have fought in this war have
been the men from the free nations who are
determined that that sort of thing shouloTend
now and forever. It is very interesting to me
to observe how from every Quarter, from
every sort of mind, from every concert of
counsel there comes the suggestion that there
must now be, not a balance of power, not
one powerful group of nations set up against
another, but a single, overwhelming, powerful
group of nations who shall be the trust of
the peace of the world.
"It has been delightful in my conferences
with the leaders of your government to find
how our minds moved along exactly the same
line and how our thought was always that
the key to the peace was the guaranty of
the peace, not the items of it; that the items
would be worthless unless there stood back
of them a permanent concert of power for
their maintenance. That is the most reas-
suring thing that has ever happened in the
world.
"When this war began the thought oi a
league of nations was indulgently considered
as the interesting thought of closeted stu-
dents. It was thought of as one of those
things that it was right to characterize by
a name which, as a university man. I have
always resented. It was said to be academic,
as if that in itself were a condemnation—
something that men could think about but
never get.
"Now we find the practical leading minds
of the world determined to get it. No such
sudden and potent union of purpose has ever
been witnessed in the world before. Do you
wonder, therefore, gentlemen, that in common
with those who represent you I am eager to
get at the business and write the sentences
down? And that I am particularly happy
that the ground is cleared and the foundation
laid— for we have already accepted the same
body of principles. Those principles are clear-
ly and definitely enough stated to make their
application a matter which should afford no
fundamental difficulty.
"And back of us is that imperative yearn-
ing of the world to have all disturbing ques-
tions quieted, to have all threats against peace
silenced, to have just men everywhere come
together for a common object. The peoples
of the world want peace and they want it
now. not merely by conquest of arms, but by
agreement of mind.
"It was this incomparably great object that
brought me overseas. It has never before
been deemed excusable for a president of the
United States to leave the territory of the
United States, but I know that I have the
support of the judgment of my colleagues, in
the government of the United States in saying
that it was my paramount duty to turn away
even from the imperative tasks at home to
lend such counsel and aid as I could to this
great, may I not say final, enterprise of hu-
manity."
At the conclusion of the speech, which was
frequently interrupted by applause, the com-
pany rose in a body _and cheered until the
guests of honor departed. It was said by per-
sons who had attended many receptions in
the Guildhall that none approached in mani-
fest good will and spontaneity that which was
accorded President Wilson on this occasion.
At the Mansion House.
From the Guildhall the president and Mrs.
Wilson drove to the Mansion house to attend
a luncheon given in his honor by Lord Mayor
Sir Horace Marshall. As on the drive from
Buckingham palace to the Guildhall the
streets through which his carriage and escort
passed were densely crowded with people,
cheering loudly, waving hats and handker-
chiefs and giving other manifestations of
pleasure at seeing the nation's guest. In
proposing the health of the president at the
luncheon the lord mayor paid a -tribute to
him as a man and a statesman. In his re-
sponse President Wilson said:
"Mr. Lord Mayor. Your Royal Highness,
Your Grace. Ladies and Gentlemen: You have
again made me feel. sir. the very wonderful
and generous welcome of this great city, -and
you have reminded me of what has perhaps
become one of the habits of my life.
"You have said that I have broken . all
precedents in coming across the ocean to join
in the counsels oi the peace conference, but
I think those who have been associated with
me in Washington will testify that that 19
nothing surprising. I said to the members
of the press in Washington one evening thartf
one of the things that had interested me
most since I lived in Washington was that
every time I did anything perfectly natural
it was said to be unprecedented.
"It was perfectly natural to break this prec-
edent— natural because the demand for inti-
mate conference took precedence over every
other duty. And. after all. the breaking of
precedents, though this may sound strange
doctrine in England, is the most sensible thing
to do.
"The harness of precedent is sometimes a
very sad and harassing trammel. In this case
the breaking of precedent is sensible for a
reason that is very prettily illustrated in a
remark attributed to Charles Lamb. One eve-
ning in a company of his friends they were
discussing a person who was not present, and
Lamb said, in his hesitating manner: 'I h-hate
that fellow.' 'Why, Charles.' one of his
friends said, 'I did not know 'that you knew
him.' 'Oh.' he said. 'I-I-I d-don't. I can't
h-hate a man I know.'
"And perhaps that simple and attractive
remark may furnish a secret for cordial in-
i ternational relationship. When we know one
I another we cannot hate one another.
"I haven't been very much interested before
coming here to see .what sort of person I
was expected to be. So far as I can make
out, I was expected to be a perfectly blood-
less thinking: machine, whereas. I am perfectly
aware that I have in me all the insurgent
elements of the human race. I am sometimes,
by reason of long Scotch tradition, able to
keep these instincts in restraint. The stern
covenanter tradition that is behind me sends
many an echo down the years.
"It is not only diligently to pursue busi-
ness, but also to seek this sort of comrade-
ship, that I feel it is a privilege to have
come across the seas, and in the welcome that
you have accorded Mrs. Wilson and me you
have made us feel that companionship was
accessible to us in the most delightful and
enjoyable form.
274
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
"I thank yon sincerely for this welcome,
sir. and am very happy to join in a love
feast which is all the moi*e enjoyable because
there is behind it a background of tragical
suffering1. Our spirits are released from tne
darkness of the clouds that at one time
seemed to have settled upon, the world in a
way that could not be dispersed, the suffer-
ing1 of your own people, the suffering of the
people of France, and the infinite suffering of
the people of Belgium. The whisper of grief
that has been blown all through the world is
now silent and the sun of hope seems to
spread its rays and to charge the earth with
a new prospect of happiness. So our joy is
all the more elevated because we know that
our spirits are now lifted out of that valley."
Among the guests at the lord mayor's
luncheon were the duke of Connaught and
Princess. Patricia. Premier and Mrs. Lloyd
ton station and
Northwestern train
. _.
George, the earl and countess of Rea<
miral and Mrs. David Beatty. Lord and Lady
Curzon. Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Asquith, Lord
Herschell, Field Marshal Sir Douglas and
Lady Haig. Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, Gen.
Louis Botha. Ambassador David R. Francis.
Ambassador and Mrs. John W. Davis. Gen. Sir
Henry Wilson, Gen. Sir William R. Robertson,
Sir Robert Borden, Andrew Bonar Law, Vis-
count Milner and many other men of inter-
national note.
In the afternoon the president had another
conference at 10 Downing street with Mr.
Lloyd George. Mr. Balfour and Mr. Bonar Law
and in the evening1 had dinner with the im-
perial war cabinet at the prime minister's resi-
dence. Late at night President Wilson and
Mrs. Wilson "went by automobile to the Eus-
oarded the London &
for Carlisle and Manches-
ter.
In Carlisle.
Carlisle was reached on Sunday morning in
the midst of rain and cold mist, but the
warmth of the greeting of the people of the
town, which was the girlhood home of the
president's mother, more than made up for
the disagreeable weather. The party was re-
ceived at the station by Mayor Bertram Carr
and other officials and escorted to the Crown
and Mitre hotel, where the president signed
the freeman's roll. Later he visited the site
of his grandfather's chapel and a house which
his grandfather had built. Afterward h<* at-
tended services in the Lowther Street Cong~e-
grational church, where, at the request of the
pastor, the Rev. Edward Booth, he made a
torief address to the congregation in the course
of "which he said:
"The feelings excited in me to-day are
really too intimate and too deep to permit of
jmblic expression. The memories that have
come of the mother who was born here are
affecting1. Her quiet character, her sense of
duty and her dislike of ostentation have come
back to one with increasing force as these
years of duty have accumulated.
"Yet perha.p9 it is appropriate that in a
place of worship I should acknowledge my in-
debtedness to her and her remarkable father.
because, after all, what the world now is
seeking to do is to return to the paths of
duty, to turn from the savagery of interests
to the dignity of the performance of right.
"I believe as this war has drawn nations
temporarily together in a combination of phys-
ical force we shall now be drawn together in
a combination of moral force that is irresist-
ible. It is moral force as much as physical
force that has defeated the effort to subdue
the world. Words have cut as deep as swords.
"The knowledge that wrong has been at-
tempted has aroused the nations. They have
pone out like men for a crusade. No other
cause could have drawn so many of the na-
tions together. They knew an outlaw waa
abroad and that the outlaw purposed un-
speakable things.
"It is from quiet places like this all over
the world that the forces are accumulated
that presently will overpower any attempt to
accomplish evil on a great scale. It is like
the rivulet that gathers into the river and the
river that goes to the sea. So there come
out of communities like these streams that
fertilize the conscience of men. and it is the
conscience of the world we now mean to .place
upon the throne which others tried to usurp."
The bishop of Carlisle read an address in
which he thanked the president for his visit
to his ancestral city and by his presence at
the services in a church hallowed to him by
association and bonds of filial piety.
In the afternoon President and Mrs. Wilson
proceeded by train to Manchester, where on
their arrival they were greeted by thousands
who filled the streets all the way from the
railroad station, to the official residence of
the lord mayor and cheered lustily from the
time the president's car started through the
troop-lined thoroughfares until he disap-
peared within the building.
Speeches in Manchester.
On the following day the president and Mrs.
Wilson, accompanied by the lord mayor and
the aldermen of the city, made a brief trip
on the Manchester ship canal, after which
they were taken to the Free Trade hall, where
representative citizens of the city were re<
ceived and addresses from various bodies were
read. The city council at a special meeting
conferred upon President Wilson the freedom
of the city, which was presented to him by
the lord mayor, in which he said that it af-
forded the city of Manchester supreme satis-
faction to have on its burgess roll the name
of the chief citizen of the American republic.
The bonds between England and America, the
lord mayor added, had been riveted with great
strength and made indestructible.
"When the complete history of the war is
written," he said, "the world will comprehend
more fully than it can to-day the stupendous
character of the effort which the United States
made to insure a right decision. The presi-
dent has come among us equally resolved that
the world shall henceforth be better and hap-
pier for a well-ordered peace."
Replying to the lord mayor's address. Presi-
dent Wilson said:
"My Lord Mayor, Ladies and Gentlemen—
perhaps I may be permitted to add. Fellow
Citizens: You have made me feel in a way
that is deeply delightful the generous welcome
which you have accorded me, and back of it I
know there lies the same sort of feeliner for
the great people whom I have the privilege of
representing.
"There is a feeling of cordiality, fraternity
and friendship between the two great nations,
and as I have gone from place to place and
been made everywhere to feel the pulse of
sympathy that is now beating between us 1
have been led to some very serious tb
as to what the basis of it all is. For
have been led to some very serious thoughts
. the basis of it all is. For I
think you will agree with me that friendship
is not a mere sentiment— patriotism is not a
mere sentiment. It is based upon a princi-
ple, upon the principle that leads a man to
give more than he demands.
"Similarly, friendship is based not merely
upon affection, but upon common service.
The man is not your friend who is not will-
ing to serve you, ?nd you are not his friend
unless you are willing to serve him. And
out of that impulse of common interest and
desire of common service arises that noble
feeling which we consecrate as friendship.
"And so it does seem to me that the theme
that we must have in our minds now in this
great day of settlement is the theme of com-
mon interest and the determination of what
it is that is our common interest. You know
that heretofore the world has been governed,
or at any rate the attempt has been made to
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
275
govern it, by partnerships of interest, and that
they have broken down. Interest does not
bind men together. Interest separates men.
For, the moment there is the slightest de-
parture from the nice adjustment of interests,
then jealousies begin to spring up. There is
only one thing that can bind peoples together,
and that is common devotion to right.
"Ever since the history of liberty began
men have talked about their rights, and it
has taken several hundred years to make them
perceive that the principal condition of right
is duty, and that unless a man performs his
full duty he is entitled to no right. It is a
fine correlation of the influence of duty that
right is the equipoise and balance of society.
"And so. when we analyze the present situ-
ation and the future that we now have to
mold and control, it seems to me there is
no other thought than that that can guide us.
You know that the United States has always
felt from the very beginning of her story
that she must keep herself separate from any
rnd of connection with European politics,
want to say very frankly to you that she
is not now interested in European politics,
but she is interested in the partnership of
right between America and Europe. If
the future had nothing for us but a new
attempt to keep the world at a right poise
by a balance of power, the United States
would take no interest, because she will join
no combination of powers which is not a com
bination of all of us. She is not interested
of E
peace of the world.
merely in the peace
urope, but in the
.
"Therefore it seems to me that in the set-
tlement which is just ahead of us something-
more delicate and difficult than was ever at-
tempted before has to be accomplished — a
genuine concert of mind and of purpose. But.
while it is difficult, there is an element pres-
ent that makes it easy. Never before in the
history of the world. I believe, has there been
such a keen international consciousness as
there is now.
"There is a great voice of humanity abroad
in the world just now which he who cannot
hear is deaf. There is a great compulsion of
the common conscience now in existence which
if anj- statesman resist will gain for him the
most unenviable eminence in history. We are
not obeying- the mandate of parties or of
politics. We are obeying the mandate of
humanity.
"That is the reason why it seems to me
that the thing's that are most often in our
minds are the least significant. I am not
hopeful that the individual items of the settle-
ment which we are about to attempt will be
altogether satisfactory. One has only to ap-
ply his mind to any one of the questions of
boundary and of altered sovereignty and of
racial aspirations to do something more than
conjecture that there is no man and no body
of men who know just how they ought to
be settled; and yet if we are to make unsatis-
factory settlements we must see to it that
they are rendered more and more satisfactory
by the subsequent adjustments which are
made possible. We must provide the ma-
chinery for readjustments in order that we
may have the machinery of good will and
friendship.
"Friendship must have a machinery. If I
cannot correspond with you. if I cannot
learn your minds, if I cannot co-operate with
you. I cannot be your friend; and if the world
is to remain a body of friends it must have
the means of friendship, the means of con-
stant friendly intercourse, the means for con-
stant watchfulness over the common interests.
"That makes it necessary to make some
great effort to have with one another an easy
and constant method of conference, so that
troubles may be taken when they are little
and not allowed to grow until they are big.
I never thought I had a big difference with
a man that I did not find when I came into
conference with him that, alter all. it was
rather a little difference, and that if we were
frank with one another and did not too much
stand upon that great enemy of mankind
which is called pride we could come together.
• It is the wish to come together that is
more than half of the process. It is a
doctrine which ought -to be easy of compre-
hension in a great commercial center like
this. You cannot trade with a man who
suspects you. You cannot establish commercial
and industrial relations with those who do
not trust you. Good will is the forerunner
of trade. Good will is the foundation of trade
and trade is the great amicable instrument of
the world on that account.
"I felt, before I came here, at home in
Manchester, because Manchester has so many
of the characteristics of our great American
cities. I was reminded of an anecdote of a
humorous fellow countryman of mine who
was sitting at luncheon in his club one day
when a man whom he did not like particularly
came up and slapped him on the shoulders and
said:
" 'Hello. Ollie! How are you?'
"He looked at him coldly and said:
" 'I don't know your face and I don't
know your name, but your manners are very
familiar.'
"I don't know your name, but your man-
ners are very familiar, and very delightfully
familiar, so that I felt that in the community
of interest and understanding which is estab-
lished in great currents of trade we are
enabled to see international processes perhaps
better than they can be seen by others. I
take it I am not far from right in supposing
that that is the reason why Manchester has
been the center of the great forward looking
sentiments of men who had the instincts of
large planning, not merely for the city itself
but for the kingdom and the empire and the
world. And with that outlook we can be
sure we can go shoulder and shoulder to-
gether.
"I wish it were possible for us to do some-
thing like some of my very stern ancestors
did, for among my ancestors are those very
determined persons who were known as the
covenanters. I wish we could, not for Great
Britain and the United States, but for France,
for Italy and the world, enter into a great
league and covenant declaring ourselves first
of all friends of mankind and uniting our-
selves together for the maintenance of the
triumph of right."
The cheering- before, during and after the
president's speech was prolonged and hearty.
When Mr. and Mrs. Wilson first appeared the
great gathering of citizens spontaneously
united in singing "For He's a Jolly Good
Fellow." after the great organ at the end
of the hall had pealed forth "The Star Span-
gled Banner."
After the ceremony at the Free Trade hall
the presidential party set out for another drive
through the streets- and all along the route
the dense crowds cheered with great hearti-
ness. A stop was made at the royal ex-
change, where the president and Mrs. Wilson
signed the visitors' book and from the
strangers' balcony looked down on the crowded
floor. The members applauded enthusiastical-
ly and called for a speech. The president in
response said he came from the cotton states
of America and knew therefore something of
the trade in which his hearers were deeply
interested. He gave them his warmest greet-
ings and bade them Godspeed in all their
undertakings.
From the exchange the president went to
the Midland hotel, where he took luncheon
with the lord mayor. For this affair more
than 300 eruests had gathered and Mr. and
Mrs. Wilson received yet another ovation
when they took their seats. In replying to
the toast "The President" Mr. Wilson said:
276
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
"You have again made mp feel the cordiality
of your friendship and I want to tell you how
much I appreciate it. not only on my own be-
half, but on behalf of my partner.
"It is very interesting- that the lord mayor
should have referred in his address to a very
vital circumstance in otfr friendship. He re-
ferred to the fact that our.men and your m-n
have fought side by side in the great battle.
"But there was more than that in it. For
the first time upon such a scala at any rate,
they have fought und-r a common commander.
That is an advance which we have made upon
the previous days, and what I have been par-
ticularly interested in hns been the generosity
of spirit with which that unity of command
h^IbnontaoSneiytehad-the pleasure of meeting
Marshal Foch. who confirmed my admiration
of hinr by the direct and simple manner with
which \e dealt with every subject we talked
about. >ut I had the pleasure of meeting- your
own c»mmander and I understand how they
co-operated because I saw that they were real
m"It takes a real man to subordinate himself
and it takes a real soldier to know that unity
of command is the secret of success. That
unity of command did swing the power of r
lions into a mighty force. I think we all must
have felt how the momentum which got into
all of the armies was concentrated into the
single army and we felt we had overcome all
"With ^ur unity of command there arose
a unity of spirit. The minute we consented to
co-operate our hearts were drawn closer to-
g-ether into co-operation and so. from the
military side, we had given ourselves an ex-
ample for the years to come. Hot that in the
years to come we must submit to a unity 91
command, but it does seem to me that ui
the years to come we must plan a unity of
purpose, and in that unity of purpose we
shall find a great recompense, a strengthening
of our spirit in everything that we do.
"There is nothing so hampering and nothing
so demeaning as jealousy. It is a cancer It
is a cancer in the heart: not only that, but in
the counting room. It is a cancer throughout
all the processes of civilization, and having
now seen we can fight shoulder to shoulder,
we will continue to advance shoulder to
shoulder, and I think you will find that the
people of the United States are not the least
eager for the purpose.
"I remember hearing the story of a warning
that one of your Australian soldiers gave to
one of ours. Our soldiers were considered by
the old men to be a bit rash when they, were
in the field, -t understand that one friendly
Australian said that our men were rather
"On one occasion an Australian said to one
of our men: 'Man, a barrage is not a thing
to lean up against.' They were a little bit
Inclined to lean up against the barrage and
yet I must confide to you that I was a bit
proud of them for it. They hnd come over to
get at the enemy and they didn t know why
they should delay.
"But now that there is no common enemy
except distrust and marring of plans, we can
all feel the same eagerness in the new combat
and feel • that there is a common enterprise
before us.
"We are not men because we have skill of
hand, but we are men because we have eleva-
tion of spirit. It is in this SDirit that we
live, and not in the task of the day. If it
is not that, why is it that you hang the
lad's musket or sword up above the mantel-
piece, but never hang the yardstick up? There
is nothing discreditable in the yardstick. It
is altogether honorable, but he is using it
for his own sake. But when he takes the
musket or the sword he is giving everything
and is getting nothing. It is honorable not
as an instrument but as a symbol of self-
ScicrificG.
"A friend of mine said very truly: 'When
peace is conducted in the spirit of war there
will be no war.' When business is done
with the point of view of the soldier who
is serving his country, then business will be
as histrionic as war. I believe that from
generation to generation steps of that sort
are gaining more and more and men are be-
ginning to see. not, perhaps, the golden age.
but an age which is conducting them from
victory to victory and may lead us to an
elevation from which we can see the things
for which the heart of mankind has longed."
Return to London and Paris.
From the luncheon the president and his
party drove to the railroad station, where a
special train was taken for London. While
in Manchester the president received a tele-
gram asking him to visit Southampton and
receive the freedom of the city. Replying
he expressed his cordial thanks for the honor,
but said it was absolutely necessary for him
to return to France on Tuesday.
Arriving in London in -the evening. Presi-
dent and Mrs. Wilson were given a dinner
party in Buckingham palace by King George
and Queen Mary, at which a number ^>f dis-
tinguished persons were present. Thf state
dining room, which is one of the finest apart-
ments in the palace, was used for the occa-
sion. There was no formal procession, the
diners, however, going in pairs, the king es-
corting- Mrs. Wilson and President Wilson
escorting the queen. No speeches were made.
On the following- morning the presidential
party left Buckingham palace at 9 o'clock and
drove in state landaus to the Victoria station.
The first carriage was occupied by King George
and President Wilson and the second by Queen
Mary, Mrs. Wilson and Princess Mary. The
other carriages were occupied by the dowager
countess of Airlie, Miss Benham. Lord Stan-
more, Commander Sir Charles Cust. Vice-Ad-
miral Gray son and Ma j. -Gen. Biddle. At the
station a number of cabinet members and
others, including the prime minister, had as-
sembled to say good-by to the president
and Mrs. Wilson. After hearty handshakes all
around the visitors boarded their train and
started on their journey to France and Italy.
Dover was reached at •!! o'clock, and half an
hour later the transport Brighton with the
presidential party aboard left for Calais. There
another train was taken for Paris, which
was reached the same evening.
VISIT TO ITALY.
New Year's day wns spent auietly by the
president and Mrs. Wilson and in the evening
they started out on their journey to Italy.
The Franco-Italian frontier was crossed at
Modane at 10:30 o'clock next day (Jan. 2)
and here the special train was met by Am-
bassador Thomas Nelson Page, Count Macchi
de Cellere. Italian ambassador to the United
States, the duke of Lante. and the prince of
Udine. who continued with the party to Rome.
At all the railroad stations large crowds were
gathered to greet the president with "vivas"
and other shouts of welcome. It was a con-
tinuous ovation all the way. In Turin the
president was met at the station by the pre-
fect of the province, the mayor and other
civil and military officials. In Genoa Mayor
Massone was at the station to meet. the. presi-
dent! and make arrangements for his visit on
the return trip from Rome.
In Some.
Rome was reached at 10:30 olclqck on the
forenoon of Friday. Jan. 3. Within the sta-
tion to meet the train were King Victor Em-
manuel. Queen Elena, all the members of the
cabinet headed by Premier Orlando and For-
eign Minister Sonnmo, members of Parlia-
ment, the diplomatic corps and military and
x ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
277
naval authorities.
Wil
The president and
son were first cordially greeted by the king
Mrs.
and queen and then by the other notables.
After a short conversation in the royal wait-
ing1 room the king1 and President Wilson ap-
peared in front <Jf the station, where a great
crowd had gathered. There was a burst of
cheering1, cannon were fired and the historic
bell on the capitol was rung:. With their
royal escort the visitors proceeded to the
Piazza Esedra. near the station, where Prince
Prospero Colonna. the mayor of Rome, sur-
rounded by aldermen and liveried servants.
delivered an address of welcome. Then the
procession turned down the Via Nazionale.
which was packed with people, who at the
sight of the smiling1 president cheered with
unaffected enthusiasm, the ovation increasing1
in volume until the Quirinal was reached.
From the windows flowers were showered on
Mrs. Wilson and Miss Margaret W. Wilson.
who had met the party at the station.
At the Quirinal the members of the party
were conducted to the throne room, where a
brief reception was held. Then other rooms,
used as wards for wounded soldiers, were
visited, the president waving1 greetings to the
men as he passed. It was explained that the
palace had not been used as a dwelling by
the royal family since the beginning1 of the
war. but had been given over to the Red
President and Mrs. Wilson later took lunch-
eon with the royal family at the Villa Sav9ia
and later called on Dowag-er Queen Margherita
and the duchess of Aosta. On his return to
the Quirinal the president received a deputa-
tion from the San Luca academy, which pre-
sented him with a diploma of honorary mem-
bership.
Honored by Parliament.
In the late afternoon the president arid
Mrs. Wilson drove to the parliament building1.
where for the first time a foreign guest was
greeted in joint session by the senate and
chamber of deputies. The occasion was made
notable by the presence in the tribune of
King1 Victor Emmanuel and Queen Elena, the
duchesa of Aosta. the duke of Genoa and mem-
bers of the diplomatic coups. When the presi-
dent entered the hall he was cheered for fully
five minutes. After the introductory remarks
by the presiding1 officer. President Wilson spoke
"Ybnr M«ja& and Mr. President of the
Chamber: You are bestowing1 upon me an un-
precedented honor which I accept because I
believe that it is extended to me as the rep-
resentative of the great people for whom I
speak. And I am going to take this first op-
portunity to say how entirely the heart of
the American people has been with the great
people of Italy.
"We have seemed, no doubt, indifferent at
times, to look from a great distance, but our
hearts have never been far away. All so-ts of
ties have long bound the people of our Amer-
ica to the people of Italy, and when the peo-
ple of the United States, knowing this people,
have witnessed its sufferings, its sacrifices, its
heroic actions upon the battle field and its
heroic endurance at home— its steadfast endur-
ance at home touching us more nearly to the
quick even, than its heroic action on the
battle field— we have been bound by a new
tie of profound admiration
"Then back of it all. and through it all.
running like the golden thread that wove it
together, was our knowledge that the people
of Italy had gone into this war for the same
exalted principle of right and justice that
moved our own people. And so I welcome this
opportunity of conveying1 to you the heartfelt
greetings of the people of the United States.
"But we cannot stand in the shadow of this
war without knowing there are things which
are in some senses more difficult than those
we have undertaken, because, while it is easy
to speak of right and justice, it is sometimes
difficult to work them out in practice, and
there will be required a purity of motives
and disinterestedness of object which the
world has never witnessed before in the coun-
cils of nations.
"It is for that reason that it seems to me
you will forgive me if I lay some of the
elements of the new situation before you for
a moment.
"The distinguishing fact of this war is that
great empires have gone to pieces. And the
characteristics of those empires are that they
held different peoples reluctantly together un-
der the coercion of force and the guidance
of intrigue.
"The great difficulty among such states as
those of the Balkans has been that they were
always accessible to secret influence, and they
were always being penetrated by intrigue of
spme sort or another; that north of them lay
disturbed populations which were held together
not by sympathy and friendship but by the
coercive force of a military power.
"Now the intrigue is checked and the bands
are broken, and what we are going to provide
is a new cement to hold the people together.
They have not been accustomed to being in-
dependent. They must now be independent.
"I am sure that you recognize the prin-
ciple as I do — that it is not our privilege to
say what sort of gpvernment they should set
up. But we are friends of those people, and
it is our duty as their friends to see to it
that some kind of protection is thrown around
them — something1 supplied which will hold
them together.
"There is only one thing1 that holds na-
tions together, if you exclude force, and that
is friendship and good will. The only thing
that binds men together is friendship, and by
the same token the only thins1 that binds na-
tions together is friendship. Therefore, our
task at Paris is to organize the friendship
of the world — to see to it that all the moral
iorces that make for right and justice and.
liberty are united and are given a vital or-
ganization to which the peoples of the world
will readily and gladly respond.
"In other words, our task is np less colos-
sal than this: To set up a new international
psychology; to have a new atmosphere.
"I am happy to say that in my dealings
with the distinguished gentlemen who lead
your nation, and those who lead France and
England. I feel that atmosphere gathering,
that desire to do justice, that desire to estab-
lish friendliness, that desire to make peace
rest upon right, and with this common pur-
pose no obstacles need be formidable.
"The only use of an obstacle is to be over-
come. All that an obstacle does with brave
men is not to frighten them, but to challenge
them. So that it ought to be our pride
to overcome everything that stands in the
way.
"We know that there cannot be* another bal-
ance of power. That has been tried and
lound wanting, for the best of all reasons,
that it does not stay balanced inside itself,
and a weight which does not hold together
cannot constitute a make-weight in the af-
lairs of men.
"Therefore there must be something sub-
stituted for the balance of power, and I am
happy to find everywhere in the air of these
great nations the conception that that thing-
must be a thoroughly united league of na-
tions.
"What men once considered theoretical and
idealistic turns out to be practical and neces-
sary. We stand at the opening of a new age.
in which a new statesmanship will. I am con-
fident, lift mankind to new levels of endeavor
and achievements."
278
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
State Dinner at the Quirinal.
Early in the evening: President Wilson, was
th« enest of honor at an official state dinner
Sven at the Quirinal. at which two addresses
wJre made-one by the king and the other
'You yourself. JVir. iresiueu*. uavo become
««
vicissitudes
an
the means of our ^01^ brought mt(
the common
into
.be
awaite(
torm aw?0expression alrpgst^ tangi ble t o^tl
«?l r^tirVp!
PP:
m
peoples
mor<
mor
intimate, and a ^-operauuu — duties im
Shaving reconquered the confim
o a
fitted
to
sins-le circle the civilized nations. 10
of creating in the supreme form
uc of nations the conditions most
safeguard and protect each ones
-iiaiy and America entered together into
the war through a rare act of will: they
were moved by the purpose to concur with
all their energies in an effort 'to prevent the
Jomination of the cult of force in the world:
they were moved by the purpose to reaffirm in
the scale of human values the principles of
liberty and justice. They entered into war to
aonauer the powers of war. Their accomplish-
ment is still unfinished, and the common work
•nust still be developed with firm faith and
with tenacious constancy for the purpose of
ffecting the security of peace.
"I lift my glass. Mr. President, in your
onor and in the honor of Mrs. Wilson,
rhpse gentle presence adds charm to your
visit; I drink to the prosperity and to the
ontinued and increasing prestig-e of the great
iimerican nation."
Replying, President Wilson said:
"Your majesty. I have been very much
^uched by the generous terms of the address
on have just read. I feel it would be dLffi-
ult for me to make a worthy reply, and yet
f I could speak simply the things that are
n my heart I am sure they could constitute
n adequate reply.
"I had occasion at the parliament this aft-
ernoon to speak of the strong sympathy that
had sprung up between the United States and
.taly during the terrible years of the war, but
>erhrips here I can speak more intimately and
say how sincerely the people of the United
States had admired your own course and your
own constant association with the armies of
[taly. and the gracious and generous and serv-
ing association of her majesty the queen.
"It has been a matter of pride with us that
so many Italians, so many men of Latin
origin, were in our own armies and associated
with their brethren in Italy itself in the great
enterprise of freedom. These are no small
matters, and they complete that process of the
welding together of the sympathies of nations
which has been going on so long between our
peoples.
The Italians in the United States have ex-
cited a particular degree of admiration. They,
I believe, are the only people of a given na-
tionality who have been careful to organize
themselves to see that their compatriots com-
ing to America were from month to month
and year to year guided to places in industries
most suitable to their previous habits. No
other nationality has taken such pains as that,
and in serving their fellow countrymen they
have served the United States, because these
people have found places where they would
be most useful and would most immediately
earn their own living and add to the prosperi-
ty of the country itself.
"In every way we have been happy in our
association at home and abroad with the peo-
ple of this great state. I was saying play-
fully to Premier Orlando and Baron Sonnino
this afternoon that in trying to put the peo-
ple of the world under their proper sover-
eignties we would not be willing to part with
the Italians in the United States because we
too much value the contribution that they
have made, not only to the industry of the
United States, but to its thought and to
many elements of its life.
"This is. therefore, a very welcome occa-
sion upon which to express a feeling that
goes very deep. I was touched the other day
to have an Italian, a very plain man, say to
me that we had helped to feed Italy during
the war, and it went to my heart, because
we had been able to do so little. It was nec-
essary for us to use our tonnage so exclu-
sively for the handling of troops and of the
supplies that had to follow them from tne
United States that we could not do half as
much as it was our desire to do to supply
grain to this country or coal or any of the
supplies which it so much- needed during the
progress of the war.
"And. knowing as we did in this indirect
way the needs of the country, you will not
wonder that we were moved by its steadfast-
ness. My heart goes out to the little poor
families all over this great kingdom who stood
the brunt and the strain of the war and gave
thfir men gladly to make other men free ana
other women and other children free. These
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
279
are the people and many like them to whom,
after all we owe the glory of this great
IcSevement, and I want to join with you*,
for I am sure of joining with you, in ex-
pressing my profound sympathy not only but
fnv very profound admiration as well.
•Itte my Privilege and honor to propose
the health of his majesty the king and her
mS?sty the queen and long prosperity to
Made Citizen of Rome. '
After the dinner at the Quirinal ^resident
and Mrs Wilson, accompanied by the king
''iS4ou0 have done me a very irreat honor
Perhaps you can imagine what a feeling it
£ for a citizen of one of the newest of the
CTeat nations to be made a citizen of this
ancient city. It is a distinction which I am
sure you are conferring upon me as a repre-
sentative of the great people for whom . I
Ipeak One who has been a student of hisr
tory cannot accept an honor of this sort
without having his memory run back .to 'the
extraordinary^ series jpf events *hich have
to-day I have been
changes have centered about Rome, from the
time when from a little city she grew to
be mistxess of a great empire. Change after
change has swept away many things, alterin
the very form of her affairs, but the thing
that has remained permanent has been the
spirit of Rome and the Italian people. That
spirit seems to have caught with each age
the characteristic purpose of the age.
"This imperial people now gladly presents
the freedom of nations. This people, which at
one time seemed to conceive the purpose ol
governing the world, now takes part in the
liberal enterprise of offering the world its
own government. Can there be a. finer or
more impressive illustration of the indestruc-
tible human spirit and of the unconquerable
spirit of liberty?
"I have been reflecting- in these recent days
about a colossal blunder which has been
made— the blunder of force by the central
empires. If Germany had waited a single
generation she would have had a commercial
empire of the world. She was not willing
to conquer by skill, by enterprise, by com-
mercial success. She must needs attempt
to conquer the world by arms, and the world
will always acclaim the fact that it is im-
possible to conquer by arms; that the only
thing that conquers it is the sort of service
which can be rendered in trade, in inter-
course, in friendship, and that there is no
conquering power which can suppress the
freedom of the human spirit.
"I have rejoiced personally in the partner-
ship of the Italian and American people,
because it is a new partnership in an old
enterprise, an enterprise predestined to succeed
wherever it is undertaken — the enterprise
which has always borne that handsome name
which we call 'liberty.' Men have pursued
it sometimes like a mirage that seemed to
elude them, that seemed to run before them
as they advanced, but never have they flagged
in their purpose to achieve it, and I believe
I am not deceived in supposing that in this
age of ours they are nearer to it than they
ever were before. The light that shone upon
the summit now seems to shine almost at
our feet, and if we lose it. it will only be
because we have lost faith. A uraath of
hope and of confidence has come into the
hearts and minds of men.
"I would not have felt at liberty to come
away from America if I had not felt that
the time had arrived when, forgetting local
interests and local ties and purposes, men
should unite in this great enterprise that will
ever tie free men together as a body of breth-
ren and a body of free spirits.
"I am honored, sir. to be taken into (tihis
ancient comradeship of the citizenship of
Rome."
At the Academy of the Lincei.
President Wilson's last day in Rome. Satur-
day, Jan. 4, was devoted to visiting the
Pantheon, where wreaths were laid on the
tombs of King Victor Emmanuel II. and King
Humbert, to an address before the Academy of
the Lincei and to a visit to Pope Benedict XV.
In accepting an honorary membership in the
scientific academy Mr. Wilson said:
"I have listened with the profoundest ap-
preciation to the beautiful address which you
have been kind enough to deliver, and I want
to say how deeply I appreciate the honor you
have conferred upon, me in permitting me to
become a member of this great academy, be-
cause there is a sense in which the con-
tinuity of human thought is in the care of
bodies like this.
"There is a serenity, a long- view on the
part of science, whioh seems to be of no age,
but to ca'ry human thought along from gen-
eration to generation, freed from the ele-
ments of passion. Therefore it is, I dare say,
with all men of science a matter of profound
regret and shame that science should, in a
nation which had made science its boast have
been put to such dishonorable uses in the re-
cent war.
'-Every just mind must condemn those who
debased the studies of men of science so as
to use them agramst humanity, and, therefore,
it .is part of your task and of ours to reclaim
science from this diserace. to show that she is
devoted to the advancement and interest of
n0t -to its embaiTassments and
I wish very much that I could believe that
JfWt>f«ln S0m* sense a worthy representative
of the men of science of the United States
I cannot claim to be in any proper sense a
man of science. My studies have been in th!
fitld of politics all my life. and. while politics
may by courtesy be called a science it is a
science which is often practiced without rule
and is ver* hard to set up standards for so
right Ocourse1 SUPa that °ne is steerinS' the
"At. ihe same time, while perhaps there i*
JHSLftSF* SB?.
^9S^DM9'JS6ffSJSi&
&sn •arSL.'ssSi.1' gss«to ^IS?
problem of politics ia to satisfy men in fhl
arrangements of their livesf is to realise. j&S
them so far as possible, the T objects ^ which
they have entertained generation after Jen
^fef^^^offin^oBaS11^^
K^a|%a^^iL :>s
.."ft is very delightful to draw apart for a
little while into this quiet place and feel
again that familiar touch of thought and of
knowledge which it has been my privilege
to know familiarly through so great a part
of my life. If I have come out on a more
adventurous and disordered stage. I hope th?t
[ have not lost the recollection and mavin
Snm« *»„*<> be assisted by councils such
At the meeting of the Academy of the Lin-
cei the president and Mrs. Wilson were seated
between the king and queen, while among the
others present were members of the diplomatic
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
corps and many noted Italian officials and sci
enlists.
Received at the Vatican.
After luncheon at the American embassy the
president drove to the Vatican, accompanied
by Mgr. Charles O'Hearn. rector of the Ameri-
can college in, Rome. At the foot of the
grand staircase leading1 tojthe pontifical apart-
ment the president was met by Mgr. Canati.
secretary of the congregation of ceremonials,
and formally welcomed, after which they pro-
ceeded to Clementine hall, where at the head
of numerous court officials the pope came for-
ward, holding- out his hand. A conversation
lasting: twenty minutes followed, after which
the president left to pay a visit to Cardinal
Gasparri, the papal secretary of state. Later
a visit was made to the American Protestant
Episcopal church. After an informal dinner
with the king- and queen at the Quirinal and
another call at the Villa Savoia. President and
Mrs. Wilson left Rome at 9 o'clock in the
evening- on the return trip to Paris by way of
Genoa. Milan and Turin.
Addresses in Genoa.
Genoa was reached early the next morning
in the midst of a heavy rain, which, however,
aid not dampen the enthusiasm of the people
who turned out in large numbers to greet thn
presidential party and to witness the various
events on the program for the visit. These
included the placing- by the president of
wreaths on the Columbus and Mazzini memo-
rials and the acceptance by Mr. Wilson of the
honorary citizenship of Genoa in the munici-
pal palace.
In an address at the Mazzini monument
President Wilson said:
"I am very much moved. «sir, to be in the
presence of this monument. On the other side
of the water we have studied the life of Maz-
zini with almost as much pride as if we
shared in the glory of his history, and I am
very glad to acknowledge that his spirit has
been handed down to us of later generation
on both sides of the water.
"It is delightful to me to feel that I am
taking- some part in accomplishing- the real-
ization of the ideals to which his life and
thought were devoted. It is with a spirit of
veneration, sir. and with a spirit, I hope, of
emulation, that I stand in the presence of this
monument and bring- my. greetings and the
greetings of America with our homage to the
great Mazzini."
In accepting- the gift of Mazzini's works
from the municipality, the president said:
"Mr. Mayor, it is with many feelings of a
very deep sort, perhaps too deep for ade-
quate expression, that I find myself in Genoa,
which is a natural shrine for Americans. The
connections of America with Genoa are so
many and so significant that in some sense
it may be said that we drew our life and be-
ginnings from this city.
"You can realize, therefore, sir. with what
emotions I receive the honor which you have
so generously conferred upon me in the citi-
zenship of this great city. In a way, it seems
natural for an American to be a citizen of
Genoa, and I shall always count it among the
most delightful associations of my life tha<t
you should have conferred this honor upon
me. and m taking away this beautiful edi-
T?nn°£ the work-s °? Mazzini, I hope that I
shall derive inspiration from this volume as
. already have derived guidance from the
pressed Mazzini -so eloquently ex-
"It is delightful to feel how the voice of
one people speaks to .another through the
mouths of men who have by some gift of
God be^n lifted above the common level, and.
!JS£^0r%thTes£ word,9 2* your P«n>net and
leader will. I hope, be deeply planted in the
hearts of my fellow countrymen. There is
already planted in those hearts, sir. a very
deep and genuine affection for the great
Italian people, and the thoughts of my own
nation turn constantly, as we read our his-
tory, to this delightful and distinguished city.
"May I not thank you, sir. for myself and
for Mrs. Wilson and for my daughter, for the
very gracious welcome you have accorded us.
and express my pride and pleasure."
The president, speaking at the Columbus
monument, said :
"Standing in front of this monument, sir. I
fully recognize the significance of what you
have said. Columbus did do a service to
mankind in discovering America, and it is
America's pleasure and America's pride that
she has been able to show that it was a serv-
ice to mankind to open that great continent
to settlement, the settlement of a free peo-
ple: of a people who. because they are free,
desire to see other people free and to share
their liberty with the people of the world.
"It is for this reason, no doubt, besides his
fine spirit of adventure, that Columbus will
always be remembered and honored, not only
here in the land of his birth, but throughout
the world, as the man who led the way to
those fields of freedom which, planted with a
great seed, have now sprung1 up to the
fructification of the world.'*
In Mian.
Prom Genoa the presidential party proceeded
to Milan the same day and here the scenes
at Rome and Genoa were repeated, the crowds
being so dense as to make the streets and
squares almost impassable. On his arrival
at the station, where he was met by a wel-
coming delegation, the president said:
"Ladies and Gentlemen: You make my heart
very warm, indeed, by a welcome like this,
and I know the significance of this sort of
welcome in Milan, because I know how the
hearts of Italy and of the Italian people
beat strong here. It is delightful to feel
how our thoughts have turned toward you.
from not a new but an ancient friendship,
because the American people have long felt
the pulse of Italy beat with their pulse, with
desire for freedom.
'We have been students of your history.
We know the vicissitudes and struggles
through which you have passed. We know
that no nation has more steadfastly held to
a single course of freedom in its desires and
its efforts than have the people of Italy, and
therefore I come to this place, where the
life of Italy seems to beat so strong, with
a peculiar gratification.
'I feel that I am privileged to come into
contact with you. and I want you to know
how the words I am uttering of sympathy
and of friendship are not my own alone, but
thev are the words of -the people whom I
represent.
"I was saying a little while ago at the
monument of Columbus that he did a great
thing, greater than was ever realized at the
time it was done. He discovered a new con-
tinent not only, but he opened it to the
hildren of freedom, and these children are
now privileged to come back to their mother
and to assist her in the high enterprise upon
which her heart has always been set. It is
therefore with the deepest gratification that
[ find myself here and thank you for your
generous welcome."
In the city hall, where the freedom of the
city was conferred upon him by the mayor,
he president said:
"May I not say to you as the representa-
ive of this great city that it is impossible
or me to put into words the impressions I
have received to-day. The overwhelming1 wel-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
281
come the spontaneous welcome, so evidently
coming from the heart, has been profoundly
moving- to me, sir. and I have not failed
to see the significance of that welcome. You
have yourself referred to it.
"I am as keenly aware. I believe, sir. as
anybody can be that the social structure rests
upon the great working- classes of the world
and that those working- classes in several
countries of the world have by their con-
sciousness of community of interest, by their
consciousness of community of spirit, done
perhaps more than any other influence has to
es'ablish a world opinion which is not of a
nation, which is not of a continent, but is
ihe opinion, one might say, of mankind; and
am aware, sir, that those of us now charged
with the very great and serious responsibility
of concluding peace must think, act and confer
in the presence of this opinion — that we are
not masters of the fortunes of any nation., but
are the servants of mankind: that it is
not our privilege to follow special interests,
but it is our manifest duty to study only the
g-eneral interest.
"This is a solemn thing, sir, and here in
Milan, where I know so much of the pulse
of international sympathy beats, I am glad to
stand up and say that I believe that that
pulse beats aleo in my own veins and that I
am not thinking of a particular settlement.
'/I am very much touched to-day, sir, to re-
ceive at the hands of the wounded soldiers
a memorial in favor of a league of nations and
to be told by them that it was that they had
fought fon— not meroly to win this war. but
tc secure something beyond, some guaranty of
justice, some equilibrium for the world as a
whole, which would make it certain that they
would never have to fight a war like this
again.
"This is an added obligation upon us who
make peace. We cannot merely sign a treaty of
_peace and. go home with a clear conscience.
May I suggest that this is a great deal in my
"The world is not going- to consist of great
smpireg. It is going- to consist for the most
>art of small nations apparently, and the only
hing that can bind small nations together -if
he knowledge that each wants to treat the
others fairly. That is the only thing. The
world has already shown that its progress is
ndustrial. You cannot trade with people
whom you do not trust and who do not trust
7 ^Confidence is the basis of everything that
we must do. and it is a delightful feeling that
hese ideals are sustained by the people of
itSy and by a wonderful body of people such
as vou have in the great city of Milan. It is
™HV, a sense of added encouragement and
of 'yoS Confidence, and I ^uld^hke^o
express to_ you fc_^fc2J. whO have suffered
iiy sig
i clea
j. We
We must do something more. We must add so"
far as we can the security which suffering men
everywhere demand.
"And when I speak of suffering- men I
think also of suffering women. I know that,
splendid as have been the achievements of
your armies and tremendous as have been the
sacrifices which they have made and great the
glory which they have achieved, the real hard
pressure of the burden came upon the women
at home, whose men had gone to the front,
and who were willing to have them stay there
until the battle was fought out. And I have
heard from your minister of food the story
how, for days together, there would be no
bread. And when they knew that there was
no bread the spirit of the people did not flag
"I take off my hat to the great people o:
Italy and tell them that my admiration is
merged into friendship and affection. It is
in this spirit that I receive your courtesy,
sir, and thank you from the bottom of my
heart for this unprecedented reception which
I have received at the hands of your gener
OU9 people."
From the city hall the president was taken
to the royal palace, where he received and
replied to addresses from various delegations
To a large delegation of citizens Mr. Wilson
said:
"I cannot tell you how much eomplimentec
I am by your coming in person to give thi
greeting. I have never known such a greeting
as the -people of Milan have given on thf
streets. It has brought tears to my eyes, be
cause I know that it comes from their hearts
"I can see in their faces the same thing:
fhat I feel toward them, and I know that i
s an impulse of their friendship toward th<
nation I represent, as well as a gracious wel
come to myself. I want to re-echo the hopf
that we may all work together for a grea
peace as distinguished from a mean peace
^°rn Salman: Asaln you ha™ been very
but we have a single sentiment in this war
and a single sentiment in the peace and in
that sentiment lies our feeling toward those
with whom we have been associated in the
great Struggle. At first the struggle seemed
to be a natural resistance to an aggressive
force, but as the consciousness of the nation
grew it became more and more apparent that
in the aggression of the central empires was
the spirit of militarism, the spirit of autoc-
racy, the spirit of force, and asrainst that
spirit there arose, as always in the past, the
spirit of liberty and justice.
"Force can always be conauered, but the
spirit of liberty can never be. and the beauti-
ful circumstance about the history of liberty
is that its champions have always shown the
power of self-sacrifice. They have always
been willing to subordinate their personal in-
terests to the common good and have not
wished to dominate their fellow men. but
have wished to serve them. This is what
gives imperishable victory, and with that vic-
tory have come about things that are exempli-
fied in scenes like this— the coming together
of the hearts of nations and the sympathy
of great bodies of people who do not speak
282
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
the same vocabulary, but speak the same
ideas. I am heartened by this delightful ex-
perience and hope that you will accept not
only many thanks for myself and for those
who are with me. but thanks on behalf of
the American people."
Leaving1 the royal palace the president and
his escort went to La Scala. where he dined
and attended the opera. Speaking from the
balcony of La Scala, Mr. Wilson said:
"I wish I could take you all to some place
where a similar body of my fellow countrymen
could show their heart toward you as you
have shown me your heart toward them, be-
cause the heart of America has 'gone out to
tha heart of Italy. We have been watchful of
your heroic struggle and of your heroic suf-
fering. and it has been our joy in these re-
cent days to be associated with you in the vic-
tory which has liberated Italy and liberated
the world. Viva Italy."
While the president was at the royal palace
the great square before the cathedral was so
packed with 'humanity that *he cathedral had
ts be closed. Wherever Mr. Wilson went it
was the same. The crowds were so great that
his car could hardly get through. It was one
of iho most strenuous days of his trip, and at
its close he was evidently much fatigued.
In Turin.
In Turin, which was reached the follow-
ing day, Monday. Jan. 6. the president was
received with the same tumultuous enthusi-
asm as in the other Italian cities visited. One
of the features of his visit here was the
gathering of more than 1.000 mayors from
the cities and towns of Piedmont to greet
him. They passed before Mr. Wilson in a
long line and each received a smile and a
handclasp. Each of the mayors wore a sash
of the national colors.
Responding to an address of welcome by
the mayor of Turin at a luncheon. President
Wilson said:
"Your Excellency and Fellow Citizens: You
show your welcome in many delightful ways.
and in no more delightful way than in which
you have shown it to-day. The words which
the mayor has uttered have touched me very
much, and I have been both touched and
stimulated by the words which the signor has
so kindly uttered in behalf of the govern-
ment of this great kingdom.
"It is very delightful to feel my associa-
tion with that government and with this
city, and I know how much and with what
vitality Italian effort comes out of this great
center of industry and thought. As I passed
through your streets I had this sensation, a
sensation which I have often had in my own
dear country at home, a sensation of friend-
ship and of close sympathetic contact. I could
have believed myself in an American city. I
felt more than that: I felt what I have also
felt at home, that the real blood of the re-
public flowed in the veins of these plain
people who more than some of the rest of
us have borne the stress and burden of war.
"Think of the price at which you and at
which I have purchased the victory which we
have won! Think of the price of blood and
treasure not only, but the price of tears and
the price of hunger on the part of little chil-
dren, of the hopes delayed or the dismayed
prospects that bore heavily upon the homes.
Those of us who plan battles and those of
us who conceive political movements do not
bear the burden of them. We direct, and the
others execute. We plan, and the others per-
form, and the conquest of spirit is greater
than the conquest of arms.
"These are the peonle that never let
go.
day
They say nothing. They live merely from day
to day. determined that the glory of Italy or
that the glory of the United States shall not
depart from her.
cannot trade with a man
!• its Hold, and therefore the
*
to a
to continue it We can start the peare but
m if yfi?r !duty to continue it. We can onYv
And so it is very delightful to me to stand
in this company and feel that we arp not
foreigners to each other. We think the sa™e
thoughts, we entertain the samT purposes
we have the same ideals, and this war ha?
done this inestimable service— it has brou#h<
f£6t Cations into close and vital contact so
that they feel the pulses that are in each
other and so that they know the purposes
by which each is animated.
"We know in America a great deal about
Italy because we have so many Italians. Fel-
low citizens, when Baron Sonnino was argu-
ing the other day for the extension of the
sovereignty of Italy over the Italian popula-
tions I said to him that I was sorry we could
not let you have New York, which. I under-
stand. is the greatest Italian city in the world
I am told that there are more Italians in
New York city than in any city in Italy and
I am proud to be president of a nation which
contains so large an element of the Italian
race, because as a student of literature I
know the genius that has originated in this
great nation, the genius of thought and of
aoetry, of philosophy and of music. I am
happy to be a part of the nation which is
enriched and made better by the introduc-
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
tion of such elements of genius and inspira-
ll°May I not again thank the representatives
of this great city and the representatives (
the government for the welcome they have
given me and say again— for I cannot say it
-Mr "" Mayor: Both on the streets of this
interesting city and ^here^ou^ ^je^ma dew™|
the people whom ^J6^^^' states were re-
•
^SVfi£KS^»3
therefore
thank you for
rf
to "me? and I am Particularly honored that
this distinguished tiniversity should have re-
ceived me amongr its sons. It will always
be a matter of pride with me to remember
this association and the very generous words
in which these honors have been conferred
"When 'l think seriously of the significance
of a ceremony like this, some very interesting
reflections come to my mind, because, after
all. the comradeship of letters, the intercom-
munications of thought, are among the per-
manent things of the world.
"There was a time when scholars, speak-
ng in the beautiful language in which the
ast address was made, were the only inter-
national characters of the world: the time
was when there was only one international
community, the community of scholars. As
ability to read and write was extended, inter-
national intercommunication has extended. But
one permanent common possession has re-
mained, and that is the validity of sound
thinking. When men have thought along the
lines of philosophy, have had revealed to
them the visions of poetry, have worked out
n their studies the permanent lines of law.
have realized the great impulses of humanity,
they then begin to advance the human web
which no power can permanently tear and
"And so in being- taken into the comrade-
ship of this university I feel that I am be-
ing taken into one of those things which will
always bind the nations together. After all.
when we are seeking- peace, we are seeking
nothing else than this, that men shall think
the same thoughts, govern their conduct by
the same impulse, entertain the same pur-
poses, love their own people, but also love
humanity and. above all else, love that erreat
and indestructible thing which we call jus-
tice and right.
'These things are greater than we are.
These are our real masters, for they domi-
nate our spirits, and the universities will have
forgotten their duty when they cease to weave
this immortal web. It is one of the chief
griefs of this great war that the universities
of the central empires used the thoughts of
science to destroy mankind.
"It is the duty of the great universities of
Itaiy and of the rest of the world to rpdeem
science from this disgrace, to show that the
pulse of humanity also beats in the class-
room, that the pulse of humanity also beats in
the laboratory, and that there are sought out.
not the secrets of death, but the secrets of
life"
Speaking from the balcony of the Philhar-
monic hall the president said:
"It is very delightful to feel your friend-
ship, given so cordially and so graciously, and
I hope with all my heart that in the peace
that is now about to be concluded Italy may
find her happiness and her prosperity. I am
sure that I am only speaking the sentiments
that come from the heart of the American
people when I say, 'Viva Italia!'"
The hours spent in Turin practically con-
cluded President Wilson's Italian trip, which
had been in the nature of a triumphal proces-
sion from start to finish The next morning.
Jan 7. found the American executive back in
P.iris. ready to resume his work in the peace
conference.
VARIOUS SPEECHES IN PARIS.
From this time on President Wilson was
constantly occepied with conferences and
meetings with the other delegates engaged in
the arduous ar.d complicated work of framing
the covenant of the league of nations and
other important features of the treaty of
peace with Germany. On a number of occasions,
however, he made several public addresses
bearing upon but not directly connected with
the framing of the peace treaty. These are
given herewith in the order in which they
were delivered.
Before the French Senate.
President Wilson was the giiest of honor
at a luncheon given him by the French sen-
ate in the palace of Luxembourg. Paris, on
Jan. 20, 1919. In his address of welcome
Antonin Dubast. president of the senate, said:
"We welcome here, Mr. President, you and
your ideas. Nowhere could your splendid
ambition to substitute for the periodically
broken equilibrium of material forces the def-
inite award of moral forces elicit more en-
284
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
thusiasm than in France and nowhere more
than in the senate since the statute of inter-
national peace has been first of all and for
a loner time prepared by some of its most
eminent members.
"Our national problem consists, therefore,
in combining- our European past and our
actual material security with the conditions
of the new order for which you have given
so noble a formula, because this new order
will ever have to lean on some force for
which France will, when all is told, stand the
most advanced and exposed sentinel."
In his response President Wilson said:
"We know the loner period of peril through
which France has gone. France thought us
remote in comprehension and sympathy, and
I dare say there were times when we did
not comprehend, as you comprehended, the
stood61" m the presence of which the world
''I 'fully understand, sir. that throughout
these tryiner years, when mankind has waited
for the catastrophe, the anxiety of France
must have been the deepest and most constant
of all. for she did stand at the frontier of
freedom. She had carved out her own for-
tunes through a long period of eager strug-
gle. She had done great things in building
up a great new France.
"And just across the border, separated from
her only by a few fortifications and a little
country whose neutrality, it has turned out.
the enemy did not respect, lay the shadow
cast by the cloud which enveloped Germany,
the cloud of intrigue, the cloud of dark pur-
pose, the cloud of sinister design. This
shadow lay at the very borders of France.
"And yet it is fine to remember here that
for France this was not only a peril but a
challenge. France did not tremble. France
Quietly and in her own way prepared her sons
for the struggle that was coming. She never
took the initiative or did a single thing that
was aggressive. She had prepared herself for
defense, not in order to impose her will upon
other people. She had prepared herself that
no other people might impose its will upon
her.
"As I stand with you and as I mix with the
delightful people of this country I see this is
their thought: 'America always was our
friend. Now she understands. Now she com-
prehends, and now she has come to bring us
this message: and that, understanding, she will
always be ready to help.' And while, as you
say. sir, this danger may prove to be a con-
tinuing danger, while it is true that France
will always be nearest this threat, if we can-
not turn it from a threat into a promise, there
are many elements that ought to reassure
France.
"There is a new awakened world. It is not
ahead of us. but around us. It knows that
its dearest interests are involved in its stand-
ing together for a common purpose. It knows
that the peril of France, if it continues, will
be the peril of the world. It knows that
not only France must organize against this
peril, but that the world must organize
against it.
"So I see in these welcomes not only hos-
pitality, not only kindness, not only hope, but
a purpose, a definite, clearly defined purpose,
that men. understanding one another, must
now support one another, and that all the
sons of freedom are under a common oath to
see that freedom never suffers this danger
again. That, to my mind, is the impressive
element of this welcome. I know how much
of it. sir. and I know how little of it to ap-
propriate to myself.
"I know that I have the very distinguished
honor to represent a nation whose heart is
in this business and I am proud to speak
for the people whom I represent. But I
know that you honor me in a representative
capacity. I delight in this welcome, there-
fore, as if I had brought the people of the
United States with
in your faces what
welcome and affection.
5 and they could see
see in the tokens of
he sum of the whole matter is that
France has earned and has won the brother-
hood of the world. She stood at the chief
post of danger, and the thoughts of man-
kind and- her brothers everywhere, her broth-
ers in freedom, turn to her and center upon
her. If this be true, as I believe it to be.
France is fortunate to have suffered. She is
fortunate to have proved her mettle as one
of the champions of liberty, and she has tied
to herself, once and for all. those who love
freedom and truly believe in the progress and
rights of man."
To "French "Women.
Speaking to a, delegation of French women
who called upon him at the Villa Murat Jan.
25 to urge upon him the inclusion of woman
suffrage in the peace conference program.
President Wilson said:
"Mdlle. Thomson and Ladies: You have not
only done me a great honor but you have
touched me very much by this unexpected
tribute. And may I add that you have fright-
ened me. because, realizing the great confi-
dence you place in me. I am led to the ques-
tion of my own ability to justify that con-
fidence ?
"You have not placed your confidence
wrongly in my hopes and purposes, but per-
haps not all of those hopes and purposes can
be realized in the great matter that you have
so much at heart — the right of women to
take their full share in the political life of
the nations to which they belong.
"That is necessarily a domestic question for
the several nations. A conference of peace
settling the relations of nations with each
other would be regarded as going very much
outside its province if it undertook to dictate
to the several states what their internal pol-
icy should be.
"At the same time these considerations ap-
ply also to the conditions of labor, and it
does not seem to be unlikely that the con-
ference will take some action by way of ex-
pressing its sentiments, at any rate with re-
gard to the international aspects at least of
labor, and I should hope that some occasion
might be offered for the case, not only of
the women of France but of their sisters all
over the world, to be presented to the con-
sideration of the conference.
"The conference is turning out to be a
rather unwieldy body, a very large body rep-
resenting a great many nations, large and
small, old and new. and the method of or-
g-inizingr its work successfully, I am afraid,
will have to be worked out stage by stage.
Therefore. I have no confident prediction to
mako as to the way in which it can take
up questions of this sort.
But what I have most at heart to-day is
to avail myself of this opportunity to express
my admiration for the women of France and
my admiration for the women of all the na-
tions that have been ensraered in the war.
By the fortunes of this war the chief
burden has fallen upon the women of France,
and they have borne it with a spirit and a
devotion which has commanded the admira-
tion of the world.
I do net think that the people of France
fully realize, perhaps, the intensity of the
sympathy that other nations have felt for
them. They think of us in America, for ex-
ample, as a long way off. And we are in
space, but we are not in thoxight. You must
remember that the United States is made up
of the nations of Europe: that French sym-
pathies run straight across the seas, not mere-
ly by historic association, but by blood con-
nection and that these nerves of sympathy
are quick to transmit the impulses of
the one nation to the other.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
285
"We have followed your suffering's with a
feeling1 that we were witnessing1 one of the
most heroic and. may I add at the same
time, satisfactory things in the world —
satisfactory, because it showed the strength of
the human spirit, the indomitable power of
women and men alike to sustain any burden
if the cause is great enough.
"In an ordinary war there might have been
some shrinking, some sinking of efttft; but
this was not an ordinary war. This was a
war not only to redeem France from an enemy
but to redeem the world from an enemy.
And France, therefore, and the women of
France strained their hearts to sustain the
world. I hope that the strain has not been
in vain. I know that it has not been in vain.
"This war has been" popular and unlike other
•wars, in that it seemed some time as if the
chief strain was behind the lines and not at
the lines. It took so many men to conduct
the war that the older men and the women
at home had to carry the nation. Not only
so. but the industries of the nation were al-
most as much a part of the fighting1 as the
things that took place at the fronts.
"So it is for that reason that I have said
to those with whom I am at present associ-
ated that this must be a people's peace, be-
cause this was a people's war. The people
won this war. not the governments, and the
people must reap the benefits of the war.
At every turn we must see to it that it is
not an adjustment between governments
merely, but an agreement for the peace and
security of men and women everywhere.
"The fittle obscure sufferings and the daily
Unknown privations, the unspoken sufferings
of the heart, are the tragical things of this
war. They have been borne at home, and the
center of the home is the woman. My heart
goes out to you. therefore, ladies, in a very
unusual degree, and I welcome this opportu-
nity to bring you this message, not from my-
self merely, but from the great people whom
I represent."
In French Chamber of Deputies.
In an address before the French chamber of
deputies in Paris Feb. 3. 1919, President Wil-
son said:
"I am keenly aware of the unusual and
distinguished honor you are paying me by
permitting me to meet you in this place and
to address you from this historic platform.
"Indeed, sir. as day has followed day and
•week has followed week in this hospitable
land of France I have felt the sense of com-
radeship ever become more and more inti-
mate, -and it has seemed to me that the
making of history was becoming singularly
"We knew before this war began that
France and America "were united in affection.
We knew the occasions which drew the two
nations together in the years, which now seem
so far away, when the world was first be-
ginning to thrill with the impulse of human
liberty, when the soldiers of France came to
help the struggling little republic of America
to get on its feet and proclaim one of the
first victories of freedom.
"We had never forgotten that, but we did
not see the full meaning of it. A hundred
years and more went by and the spindles
were slowly weaving the web of history. We
did not see it to be complete, the whole of
the design to be made plain.
"Now look what has happened. In that far
off day when France came to the assistance
of America. America was fighting Great Brit-
' ' linked ' ' '
ain. And now she is
Great Britain as she '
to France.
y to
e see
now how these apparently diverging lines of
history are coming together. The nations
which once stood in battle array against one
another are now shoulder to- shoulder fighting
a common enemy.
"It was a lone: time before we saw that.
And in the last four years something has
happened that is unprecedented in the history
of mankind. It is nothing less than this—
that bodies of men on both sides of the sea
and in all parts of the world have come to
release their comrades in freedom
"France, meantime, as we have 'so often
said, stood at the frontier of freedom. Her
lines lay along the very lines that divided
the home of freedom from the home of mili-
tary despotism. Hers was the immediate
peril. Hers was the constant dread. Hers was
the most pressing necessity of preparation and
she had constantly to ask herself this ques-
tion: 'If the blow falls, who will come to
our assistance?'
"And the question was answered in the
most unexpected way. Her allies came to
her assistance, but many more than her al
lies. The free people of the world came
to her assistance.
"And in this way America paid her debt
of gratitude to France by sending her sons
to fight upon the soil of France. She did
more. She assisted in drawing the forces
of the world together in order that France
might never again feel her isolation; in order
that France might never feel that hers was
a lonely peril and would never again have
to ask the question who would come to her
assistance.
"For the alternative is a terrible alterna-
tive to France. I do not need to point out
to you that east of you in Europe the fu^
ture is full of question. Beyond the Rhine,
across Germany, across Poland, across Rus-
sia, across Asia, there are questions unan-
swered, and they may be for the present un-
answerable.
"France still stands at the frontier. France
still stands in the presence of those threaten-
ing and unanswered questions^— threatening be-
cause unanswered: stands waiting for the so-
lution of matters which touch her directly and
intimately and constantly, and if she must
stand alone what must she do? She must put
upon her people a constant burden of taxa-
tion. She must undergo sacrifice that may
become intolerable.
"And not only she but the other nations
of the world must do the- like. They must
be ready for any terrible incident of injus-
tice. The thin£- is not inconceivable.
"I visited the other day a portion of the
devastated region of France. I saw the noble
city of Reims in ruins and I could not help
saying to myself: 'Here is where the blow
fell because the rulers of the world did not
sooner see how to prevent it.'
"The rulers of the world have been thmk-
-ng of the relations of governments and for-
getting the relations of peoples. They have
>een thinking of the maneuvers of interna-
tional dealings, when what they ought to have
been thinking of was the fortunes of men
and women and the safety of home and the
care that they should take that their people
should be hapoy because they were safe.
"They knpw that the only way to do this
is to make it certain that the same thing can-
not always happen that has happened this
time, that there never shall be any doubt,
or waiting, or surmise, but that whenever
France or any free people is threatened the
whole world will be ready to vindicate its
liberty.
"It is for that reason. I take it, that I find
such an intelligent enthusiasm in France for
the society of nations — France with her keen
vision. France with her prophetic vision.
"It seems to be not only the need of France,
but the need of mankind. And France sees
the sacrifices which are necessary for the
establishment of the society of nations are
not to be compared with the constant dread
of . another catastrophe falling on the fair
cities and areas of France.
"There was a no more beautiful country.
~ere was a no more prosperous country
- was a no more free-spirited people. '
286
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
"All the world admired France and none of
the world grudged France her greatness and
her prosperity, except those wh9 grudged her
liberty and her prosperity. And it has profited
us terrible as the cost has been, to witness
what has happened, to see with the physical
eye what has happened, because injustice was
wrought.
"The president of the chamber has pictured,
as I cannot picture, the appalling sufferings,
the terrible tragedy of France, but it is a
tragedy which could not be repeated. As the
pattern of history has disclosed itself, it has
disclosed the hearts of men drawing toward
one another. Comradeships have become vivid.
The purpose of association ha-s become evident.
"The nations of the world are about to
consummate a brotherhood which will make
it unnecessary in the future to maintain those
crushing armaments which make the peoples
suffer almost as much in peace as they suf-
"When the 'soldiers of America crossed the
ocean they did not bring with them merely
knew that they had come to do a thing which
the heart of America had long wished to do.
When Gen. Pershing stood at the tomb of La-
fayette and said. 'Lafayette, we are here!' it
was as if he had said 'Lafayette, here is the
completion of the great story whose first
chapter you assisted to write.'
'The world has seen the great plot worked
out and -now the people of France may rest
assured that their prosperity is secure because
their homes are secure, and men everywhere
not only wish her safety and prosperity, but
are ready to assure her that with all the force
ana wealth at their command they will guar-
antee her security and/ safety.
"So as we sit from day to day at the Quai
d'Orsay I think to myself we might, if we
could gain an audience- of the free peoples
of the world, adopt the language of Gen.
Pershingr and say, 'Friends. men, humble
women, little children, we are here; we are
here as your friends, as your champions, as
your representatives. We have come to work
out for you a world which is fit to live in
and in which all countries can enjoy the
heritage of liberty, for which France and
America and England and Italy have paid so
dean' "
Miracles Wrought by the War.
President Wison. in addressing on Feb. 13
in Paris a delegation from the French Associa-
tion for a Society of Nations, said:
"I appreciate very deeply what has been
said, and I take it that the kind of sug-
gestion is that some time after my return we
should arrange a public meeting, at which,
I am quite confident, we may celebrate the
completion of the work, at any rate up to a
certain very far advanced stage, the consum-
mation of which we have been working and
hoping for for a long time.
"It would be a very happy thing if that
could be arranged. I can only say for my-
self that I sincerely hope it can be. I should
wish to lend any assistance possible to so
happy a consummation.
"I cannot help thinking- of how many
miracles this war has already wrought,
miracles of comprehension as to our interde-
pendence as nations and as human beings;
miracles as to the removal of obstacles which
seemed big, and now have grown small, in the
way of active and organized co-operation of
nations: in regard to the establishment and
maintenance of justice.
"And the thoughts of the people having
been drawn together, there has already been
created a force which is not only very great,
but. very formidable, a force which can be
rapidly mobilized, a force which is very" ef-
fective when mobilized, namely^ the moral
force of the world.
"Oae adyinlaere in seeing one another and
talking with one another is to find that,
after all. we all think the same way.
"We may try to put the result of the think-
ing into different forms, but we start with
the same principles.
"I have often been thought of as a man
more interested in principles than an prac-
tice, whereas, as <a matter of fact, I can
say thwt, in one sense, principles have never
interested me. Because principles prove them-
selves when stated. They do not need any
debate. The thing that is difficult and in-
teresting is how to put them into practice.
Large discourse is not possible on the prin-
ciples, but large discourse is necessary on
the matter of realizing them.
"So that, after all, principles until trans-
lated into practice are very thin and ab-
stract, and. I may add. uninteresting things.
It is not interesting to have far away visions,
but it is interesting to have near by visions
of what it is possible to accomplish. And
in a meeting such as you are projecting per-
haps we can record the success that we shall
have then achieved of putting a great prin-
ciple into practice, and demonstrated that it
can be put into practice, though only, let us
say, five years ago it was considered an im-
practical dream.
"I will co-operate with great happiness in
the plan that you may form after my return,
and I thank you very warmly for the com-
pliment of this personal visit."
Message to French People.
Just before sailing from France Feb. 14
President Wilson issued the following state-
ment to the French people:
"I cannot leave France without expressing
my profound sense of the hospitality of the
French people and the French government.
They have received and treated me as I most
desired to be treated — as a friend; a friend
alike in spirit and in purpose.
"I am happy to think that I am to return
to assist with all nay heart in completing the,
ju^t settlements which the conference is seek-
ing, and I shall carry with me during my
absence very happy memories of the two
months I have spent here.
'*! have been privileged to see near at hand
what my sympathy had already conceived of
the sufferings and problems of France, and
every day has deepened my interest in the solu-
tion of the ?p*ave question upon whose proper
solution the future prosperity of France, and
of her associates, and of the whole world, de-
pends.
'May I not leave my warm and affectionate
farewell greetings?"
Brief Visit to America.
Though the work of the peace conference
was far from concluded. President Wilson
found it necessary to leave Paris for a short
visit to the United States, where his presence
during the closing hours of the sixty-fifth con-
gress was urgently required. Accompanied by
Mrs. Wilson and Ambassador David R. Francis,
he left Paris on the evening of Feb. 14 for
Brest, where on the following day he boarded
the liner George Washington and sailed for
Boston. The escorting war vessel this time
was Admiral Wilson's flagship, the New Mex-
ico. On the George Washington, in addition
to the presidential party, were eighty officers
and 2,000 soldiers returning home from
i ranee. On the voyage home the president
by the advice of his physician spent much
time in resting. The voyage was a rather
rough one. but without anything untoward
happening except that the liner came near run-
ning ashore at Thatcher's island. Cape Ann.
The George Washington arrived in Boston har-
bor late in the afternoon of Feb. 23 and the
president did not land until the following
forenoon. The citizens of Boston gave him
a warm welcome as he passed through the
streets with his escort to the Copley plaza,
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOK
»»'/
where he took luncheon, and immediately aft-
erward to Mechanics' hall, where he made a
speech to an audience of 7.000 persons. In-
troductory remarks were made by Mayor An-
drew J. Peters and by Gov. Calvin Coohdge,
who presided.
In Mechanics' Hall, Boston.
President Wilson said:
"Gov. Coolidgre, Mr. Mayor, Fellow Citizens:
I wonder if you are half as glad to see me
as I am to see you. It warms my heart to
see a great body of my fellow citizens again,
because in some respects during the recent
months I have been very lonely indeed with-
out your comradeship and counsel, and I
tried at every step of the work which, fell
to me to recall what I was sure would be
your counsel with regard to the great matters
which were under consideration.
"I do not want you to think that I have
not been appreciative of the extraordinarily
g-enerous reception which was given to me on
the other side in saying that it makes me
happy to get home again. I do not mean
to say that I was not deeply touched by
the cries that came from the great crowds
on the other side. But I want to say to
you in all honesty that I felt them to be
a call of greeting to you rather than to me.
"I did not feel that the greeting was per-
sonal. I had in my heart the ever growing
pride of being your representative and of re-
ceiving the plaudits of men everywhere who
felt that your hearts beat with theirs in the
cause of liberty.
"There was no mistaking1 the tone in the
voices of those great crowds. It was not
a tone of mere greeting, it was not a tone of
mere generous welcome: it was the calling of
comrade to comrade — the cries that come from
men who say: 'We have waited for this day
when the friends of liberty should come across
the sea and shake hands with us, to see
that a new world was constructed upon a
new basis and foundation of justice and right.'
"I can't tell you the inspiration that came
from the sentiments that came out of those
simple voices of the crowd. And the proud-
est thing I have to report to you is that this
great country of ours is trusted throughout
the world.
"I have not come to report the proceedings
or the results of the proceedings of the peace
conference; that would be premature. I can
say that I have received very happy impres-
sions from this conference: the impression
that while there are many differences of judg-
ment, while there are some divergences of ob-
ject, there is nevertheless a common spirit and
a common realization of the necessity of set-
ting up new standards of right in the world.
"Because the men who are in conference in
Paris realize as keenly as any American can
realize that they are not the masters of their
people; that they are the servants of their
oeople. and that the spirit of their people
has awakened to a new purpose and a new
conception of their power to realize that pur-
pose, and that no man dare go home from
that conference and report anything less noble
than was expected of it.
"The conference seems to you to go slowly:
from day to day in Paris it seems to go
slowly: but I wonder if you realize the com-
plexity of the task which it has undertaken.
"It seems as if the settlements of this war
affect, and affect directly, every great, and T
sometimes think every small nation in the
world, and no one decision can prudently be
made which is not properly linked in with the
great series of other decisions which must ac-
company it. And it must be reckoned in with
the final result if the real quality and char-
acter of that result is to be properly jnde-ed.
"What we are doing is to hear the whole
case: hear it from the mouths of the men
most interested: hear it from those who are
officially commissioned to state it: hear the
rival claims: hear the claims that affect new
nationalities, that affect new areas of the
world that affect new commercial and eco-
nomic connections that have been established
by the great world war through which we
^nd I have been struck by the moderate-
ness of those who have represented national
claims. I can testify that I have nowhere
seen the gleam of passion. I have seen ear-
nestness, I have seen tears come to the eyes
of men who pleaded for downtrodden people
whom they were privileged to speak for; but
they were not the tears of anguish; they were
the tears of ardent hope.
"And I don't see how any man can fail to
have been subdued by these pleas, subdued to
this feeling, that he was not there to assert
an individual judgment of his own. but to
try to assist the case of humanity.
"And in the midst of it all every interest
seeks out first of all. when it reaches Paris,
the representatives of the United .States.
Why? Because— and I think I am stating the
most wonderful fact in history— because there
is no nation in Europe that suspects the mo-
tives of the United States.
"Was there ever so wonderful a thing-
seen before? Was there ever so moving a
thing? Was there ever any fact that so
bound the nation that had won that esteem
forever to deserve it?
"I would not have you understand that the
great men who represent the other nations
there in conference are disesteemed by those
who know them. Quite the contrary. But
you understand that the nations of Europe
have again and again clashed with one an-
other in competitive interest. It is impossible
for men to forget those sharp issues that
were drawn between them in times past.
"It is impossible for men to believe that
all ambitions have all of a sudden been fore-
gone. They remember territory that was cov-
eted: they remember rights that it was at-
tempted to extort; they remember political
ambitions which it. was attempted to realise—
and. while they believe that men have come
into a different temper, they cannot forget
these things.
"And so they do not resort to one another
for a dispassionate view of the matters in
controversy. They resort to that nation which
has won the enviable distinction of being1
regarded as the friend of mankind.
"Whenever it is desired to send a small
force of spldiers to occupy a piece of territory
where it is thought nobody else will be wel-
come, they ask for American soldiers. And
where other soldiers would be looked upon
with suspicion and perhaps met with resist-
ance, the American soldier is welcomed with
acclaim.
"I have had so many grounds for pride on
the other side of the water that I am very
thankful that they are not grounds for per-
sonal pride. Otherwise I'd be the most stuck
up m-an in the world. And it has been an
infinite pleasure to me to see those gallant
soldiers of ours, of whom the constitution of
the United States made me the proud com-
mander. You may be proud of the 26th di-
vision, but I commanded the 26th division,
and see what they did under my direction!
"And everybody praises the American sol-
dier with the feeling that in praising him he
is subtracting from the credit of no one else.
"I have been searching for the fundamental
fact that converted Europe to believe in us.
Before this war Europe did not believe in us
as she does now. She did! not believe in us
throughout the first three years of the war.
She seems really to have believed that we
were holding off because we thought we could
make more by staying out than by going in.
"And all of a sudden, in a short eighteen
months, the whole verdict is reversed. There
can be but one explanation for it. They saw
what we did— that without making a single
claim we put all our men and all our means
at the disposal of those who were fightimr for
288
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
their homes, in the first instance, but for
cause, the cause of human rig-hts and justice
and that we went in not to support thei
national claims but to support the great caus
•which they held in common.
"And when they saw that America not only
held ideals, but acted ideals, they were con
verted to America and became firm partisan
of those ideals.
"I met a group of scholars when I was i
Paris — some gentlemen from one of the Gree
universities who had come to see me. and in
whose presence, or rather in the presence o
those traditions of learning:. I felt young- in
told them that I had one of the delight
ful revenges that sometimes come to a man
All my life I had heard men speak with
sort of condescension of ideals and of idealists
and particularly those separated, encloisterec
persons whom they choose to term academic
who were in the habit of uttering ideals i
the free atmosphere when they clash with
nobody in particular.
"And I said I have had this sweet revenge
Speaking with perfect frankness, in the nam
of the people of the United States. I hav<
uttered as the objects of this great war ideals
and nothing but ideals, and the war has been
won by that inspiration.
"Men were fighting with tense muscle an<
lowered head until they came to realize those
things, feeding they were fighting for their
lives and their country, and when these ac-
cents of what it was all about reached them
from America they lifted their heads, they
raised their eyes to heaven, when they saw
men in khaki coming across the sea in the
spirit of crusaders, and they found that these
were strange men. reckless of danger not only
but reckless because they seemed to see some
thing that made that danger worth while.
"Men have testified to me in Europe that our
men were possessed by something that they
could only call a religious fervor. They were
not like any of the other soldiers. They
had a vision, they had a dream, and they were
fighting in the dream, and. fighting in the
dream, they turned the whole tide of battle
and it never came back.
"One of our American humorists, meeting
the criticism that American soldiers were
not trained long enough, said: 'It takes only
half as long to train an American soldier as
any other, because you only have to train
him one way, and he did only go one way,
and he never came back until he could do
it when he pleased."
"And now do you realize that this confi-
dence we have established throughout the
world imposes a burden upon us — if you
choose to call it a burden? It is one of those
burdens which any nation ought to be proud
to carry. Any man who resists the present
tides that run in the world wiM. find himself
thrown upon a shore so high and barren
that it will seem as if he had been separated
from his human kind forever.
"The Europe that I left the other day was
lull of something that it had never felt fill
its heart so full before. It was full of
hope. The Europe of the second year of the
war, the Europe of the third year of the war
was sinking to a sort of stubborn despera-
tion.
"They did not see any great thing to be
achieved even when -the war should be won.
They hoped there would be some salvage; they
hoped that they could clear their territories of
invading armies: they hoped they could set up
their homes and start their industries afresh.
But they thought it would simply be the re-
sumption of the old life that Europe had led
—led in fear, led in anxiety, led in constant
suspicious watchfulness. They never dreamed
that it would be a Europe of settled peace
and of justified hope.
"And now these ideals have wrought this i
new magic, that all the peoples of Europe
are buoyed up and confident in the spirit
of hope, because they believe that we are at
the eve of a new age in the world when na-
tions will understand one another, when na-
tions will support one another in every just
cause, when nations will unite every moral
and every physical strength to see that the
right shall prevail.
"If America were at this juncture to fail
the world, what would come of it? I do
not mean any disrespect to any other great
people when I say that America is the hope
of the world: and if she does not justify that
hope the results are unthinkable. Men will
be thrown back upon the bitterness of dis-
appointment not only, but the bitterness of
despair.
"All nations will be set up as hostile camps
again; the men at the peace conference will
go home with their heads upon their breasts,
knowing that they have failed— for they were
bidden not to come home from there until
they did something more than sign a treaty of
peace.
"Suppose we sign the treaty of peace and
that it is the most satisfactory treaty of peace
that the confusing elements of the modern
world will afford and go home and think
about our labors; we will know that we have
left written upon the historic table at Ver-
sailles, upon which Vergennes and Benjamin
Franklin wrote their names, nothing but a
modern scrap of paper; no nations united to
defend it, no great forces combined to make
it good: no assurance given to the down-
trodden and fearful peoples of the world that
they shall be safe.
"Any man who thinks that America will
take part in giving the world any such rebuff
and disappointment as that does not know
America.
I invite him to test the sentiments of the
nation. We set this up to make men free and
we did not confine our conception and purpose
to America, and now we will make men free.
If we did not do that the fame of America
would be gone and all her powers would be
dissipated. She then would have to keep her
power for those narrow, selfish, provincial
purposes which seem so dear to some minds
that have no sweep beyond the nearest hori-
zon. I should welcome no sweeter challenge
than that.
"I have fighting blood in me and it is
sometimes a delight to let it have scope, but
.i it is a challenge on this occasion it will
je an indulgence.
Think of the -picture, think of the utter
blackness that would fall on the world.
America has failed! America made a little
essay at generosity and then withdrew. Amer-
ca said. *We are your friends.' but it was
only for to-day, not for to-morrow.
"America said. 'Here is our power to vin-
dicate right.' and then the next day said, 'Let
•ight take care of itself and we will take care
)f ourselves.' America said, 'We set up a
_ight to lead men along the paths of liberty,
but we have lowered it. It is intended only
o light our own path.' We set up a great
deal of liberty and then we said, 'Liberty is
a thing that you must win for yourself. Do
lot call upon us,' and think of the world that
e would leave.
"Do you realize how many new nations are
going to be set up in the presence of old
md powerful nations in Europe .and left
here, if left by us, without -a disinterested
"ito'you believe In the Polish cause as I
o? Are you going to set up Poland, im-
lature. inexperienced, as yet unorganized, and
eave her with a circle of armies around her?
"Do you believe in the aspirations of the
zecho-Slovaks and the Jugo Slavs as I do?
/o you know how many powers would be
uick to pounce upon them if there were not
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
289
the guaranties of the world behind their lib-
er'l-H?ave you thought of the suffering of
Armenia? You poured out your money to help
succor the Armenians after they suffered: now
set your strength so that they shall never
8U-?TheagaTrangements of the present peace
cannot stand a generation unless they. are
guaranteed bv the united forces of the civil-
ized world. And if we do not guarantee them,
cannot you see the picture? Your hearts
have instructed you where the burden of this
war fell. It did not fall upon the national
treasuries: it did not fall upon the instru-
ments of administration : it did not fall upon
the resources of the nations. It fell upon the
victims' homes everywhere. where women
were toiling- in hope that their men would
I think of the homes upon which
dull despair would settle were this great hope
disappointed I should wish for my part never
to have had America play any part whatever
in this attempt to emancipate the world. But
I talk as if there were any question. I have
no more doubt of the verdict of America in
this matter than I have doubt of the blood
"And so. m'y fellow citizens. I have cpme
back to report progress and I do not believe
that the progress is going to stop short of
the goal. The nations of the world have set
their heads now to do a great thing and they
are not going to slacken their purpose. And
when I speak of the nations of the world I
do not speak of the governments of the world.
"I speak of the peoples who constitute the
nations of the world. They are in the saddle
and they are going to see to it that if their
present governments do not do their will some
other governments shall. And the secret is
out and the present governments know it.
"There is a great deal of harmony to be got
out of common knowledge. There is a great
deal of sympathy to be got out of living in
the same atmosphere, and except for the dif-
ferences of languages, which puzzled my
American ear very sadly. I could have believed
I was at home in France, or in Italy, or in
England when I was on the streets, when I
was in the presence of the crowds, when I was
in great halls where men were gathered to-
gether, irrespective of class.
"I did not feel Quite as much at home there
as I do here, but I felt that now at any rate.
after this storm of war had cleared the air.
men were seeing eye to eye everywhere and
that these were the kind of folks who would
understand what the kind of folks at home
would understand and that they were think-
ing the same things.
"I feel about you as I am reminded of a
story of that excellent wit and good artist,
y of tat exceent wt an goo artst,
Oliver Herford. who one day. sitting at lunch-
t his ,
back by a man whom he did not know well.
.
eon at his club, was clapped vigorously on the
find that I am a typical American, and if I
sample deep enough and get down to what is
probably tip true stuff of a man, then I have
hope th.it it is part of the stuff that is like
the niher fellow's at home.
"And. therefore, probing deep in my heart
and trying- to see the things that are right!
without regard to the things that may be
debated as expedient. I feel that I am inter-
preting the purposes and the thought of Amer-
ica, and in loving America I find I have joined
He said, 'Oliver, old boy, how are you?" He
looked at him rather coldly. He said. *I don't
know your name. I don't know your face, but
your manners are very familiar.' And I must
say that your manners are very familiar, and,
let me add. very delightful.
"It is a great comfort. for one thing, to
realize that you all understand the language I
am speaking. A friend of mine said that to
talk through an interpreter was like witness-
ing the compound fracture of an idea. But
the beauty of it is that, whatever the impedi-
ments of the channel of communication, the
idea is the same: that it gets registered, and
it gets registered in responsive hearts and
receptive purposes.
"I have come back for a strenuous attempt
to transact business for a little while in
America, but I have really come back to say
to you. in all soberness and honesty, that J
have been trying my best to speak your
thoughts. When I sample myself I think I
the great majority of my fellow men through-
out the world.
President Wilson left Boston soon after
making his speech in Mechanics' hall and ar-
rived in Washington early on the morning of
Feb. 25. One of his first acts was to summon
a conference in the capital of governors and
mayors to consider reconstruction measures.
He also announced that no extra session or
congress would be called until after his final
return from Paris, his aim being to have the
65th congress pass certain appropriation and
other vital measures which it was alleged by
the democrats had been obstructed by repub-
lican opposition in order to have an extra
session of the 66th congress, with its repub-
lican majority, pass upon them.
On the evening of FeTx 26 President Wilson
gave a dinner at the white house which was
attended by the members of the foreign rela-
tions committees of the senate and house, and
at which the peace treaty and particularly
the league of nations provisions were dis-
cussed, after the president had made a gen-
eral statement of the work of the delegates
at the peace conference.
To Governors and Mayors.
Speaking: before the conference of governors
and mayors in the white house in Washing-
ton. D. C., March 3, President Wilson said:
'I wish that I could promise myself the
pleasure and the profit of taking- part in your
deliberations. I find that nothing deliberate
is permitted me since my return. I have
been trying under the guidance of my secre-
tary. Mr. Tumulty, to do a month's work in
a week, and I am hoping that not all of it
has been done badly, but inasmuch as there
is a necessary pressure upon my time I know
that you will excuse me from taking a part
in your conference, much as I should be
profited by doing so.
"My pleasant duty is to bid you a hearty
welcome and to express my gratification that
so many executiyes of cities and of states
have found the time and inclination to come
together on the very important matter we
have to discuss.
"The primary duty of caring for our peonle
in the intimate matters that we want to dis-
cuss here, of course, falls upon the states and
upon the municipalities, and the function
of the federal government is to do what it is
trying to do in a conference of this sort —
draw the executive minds of the country to-
g-ether so that they may profit by each other's
suggestions and plans and so that we may
offer our services to co-ordinate their efforts
in any way that they may deem it wise to
co-ordinate. In other words, it is the priv-
ilege of the federal government in matters
of this sort to be the servants of the execu-
tives of the states and municipalities and
counties, and we shall perform that duty
with the greatest pleasure if you will gruide
us with your suggestions.
"I hope that the discussions of this confer-
ence will take as wide a scope as you think
necessary. We are not met to discuss any
single or narrow subject. We are met to
discuss the proper method of restoring all the
labor conditions of the country to a normal
basis as soon as possible, and to effect such
fresh allocations of labor and industry as the
circumstances may make necessary.
"I think I can testify from what I have
seen on the other side of the water that we
are more fortunate than other nations in re-
290
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
spect to these great problems. Our industries
have been disturbed and disorganized— dis-
organized as compared with a peace basis
very seriously indeed, by the war — and it
seems to me, therefore, that we should ap-
proach these problems that we are about to
discuss with a good deal of confidence — with
a good deal of confidence that if we have a
common purpose we can realize that coin-non
purpose without serious or insurmountable
difficulties.
"The thing that has impressed me most.
fntlemeu. not only in the recent weeks when
have been in conference on the other side
of the water, but for many months Deiore 1
went across the water, was this:
"We ere at last learning: that the business
of government is to take counsel for the av-
erage man. We are at last learning that the
whole matter of the prosperity of peoples
runs down into the great body of the men and
women who do the work of the world and
that the process of guidance is not completed
by the mere success of great enterprises— it is
completed only by the standard of the benefit
that it confers upon those who, in the obscure
ranks of life, contribute to the success of
these enterprises.
'The hearts of the men and women and
children of the world are stirred now in a
way that has never been known before. They
not only are stirred by their individual cir-
cumstances, but they are beginning to get a
vision of what the general circumstances of
the world are. and there is for the first time
in history an international sympathy which is
quick and vital — a sympathy which does not
display itself merely in the contact of govern-
ments, but displays itself in the silent inter-
course of sympathy between great bodies that
constitute gre?t nations, and the significance
of a conference like this is that we are express-
ing in it, and will. I believe, express in the
results of this conference, our consciousness
that we are servants of this great silent mass
of people who constitute the United States
and that as their servants it is our business,
as it is pur privilege, to find out how we can
best assist in making their lives what they
wish them to be, giving- them the opportunities
that they ought to have, assisting by public
counsel in the private affairs upon which the
happiness of men depend?.
"And so I am the more distressed that I
cannot take part in these councils because
my present business is to understand what
Plain men everyhere want. It is perfectly
understood in Paris that we are not meeting
there as the masters of anybody — that we
are meeting there as the servants of, I be-
lieve it is. about 700,000.000 people, and
that unless we show that we understand the
business of servants, we will not satisfy them
and we will not accomplish the peace of ths
world, and that if we show that we want to
serve any interest but theirs we will have be-
come candidates for the most lasting dis-
credit that will ever attach to men in history.
"And so it is with this profound feeling of the
significance of the things you are undertak-
ing that I bid you welcome, because I believe
you have come together in the spirit which
I have tried to indicate and that we will to-
gether concert methods of co-operation and in-
dividual action which will really accomplish
what we wish to see accomplished in steady-
ing and easing and facilitating the whole la-
bor processes of the United States."
Metropolitan Opera House Speech.
Congress adjourned on March 4. after a
filibuster by Senators Sherman of Illinois, L,a-
Follette of Wisconsin and France of Maryland
had prevented the passage of the general
deficiency bill and other legislation. This
caused the president to criticize the obstruc-
tionists severely, but did not change his de-
termination not to call an extra session of
congress. He left the same afternoon for
Mew York city, where in the evening at the
Metropolitan opera house he made a speech
in which he defended his course in the Paris
negotiations and attacked the arguments of his
critics.
The meeting in New York was arranged by
a nonpartisan citizens' committee formed by
Gov. Alired E. Smith, who presided. Ex-
President Taft. who next to President Wilson
was the main speaker of the occasion, defended
the league and denied that the Monroe doctrine
was impaired. Following is the text of Presi-
dent Wilson's speech:
"My Fellow Citizens: I accept the intima-
tion of the air just played. I will not come
back 'till it's over over there.' And yet I pray
God. in the interests of peace and of the
world, that that may be soon.
"The first thing I am going1 to tell the peo-
ple on the other side of the water is that an
overwhelming majority of the American people
is in favor of the league of nations. I know
that that is true: I have had unmistakable
intimations of it from all parts of the coun-
try, and the voice rings true in every case.
"I count myself fortunate to speak here un-
der the unusual circumstances of this evening.
I am happy to associate myself with Mr. Taft
in this great cause. He has displayed an ele-
vation of view and a devotion to public duty
which is beyond praise.
"And I am the more happy because this
means that this is not a party issue. No
party has the right to appropriate this issue,
and no party -will in the long: run dare op-
pose it.
"We have listened to so clear and admirable
an exposition of many of the main features of
the proposed covenant of the league of na-
tions that it is perhaps not necessary for me
to discuss in any particular way the contents
of the document. I will seek rather to give
you its setting.
"I do not know when I have been more im-
pressed than by the conferences of the com-
mission set up by the conference of peace to
draw up a covenant for the league of nations.
"The representatives of fourteen nations sat
around that board — not young- men. not men
inexperienced in the affairs of their own coun-
tries, not men inexperienced in the politics of
the world: and the inspiring influence of
every meeting was the concurrence of purpose
on the part of all those men to come to an
agreement and an effective working agreement
with regard to this league of the civilized
world.
''There was a conviction in the whole im-
pulse: there was a conviction of more than
one sort: there was the conviction that this
thing ougrht to be done, and there was also the
conviction that not a man there would ven-
ture to go home and say that he had not tried
to do it.
"Mr. Taft has set the picture for you of
what a failure of this great purpose would
mean. We have been hearing for all these
weary months that this asony of war has
lasted because of the sinister purposes of the
central empires, and we have made maps of
the course that they meant their conquests to
take.
"Where did the lines of that map lie. of that
central line that we used to call from Bremen
to Bag-dad?
"They lay through these very regions to
which Mr. Taft has called your attention, but
they lay then through a united empire — the
Austro-Hungarian empire, whose integrity Ger-
many was bound to respect as her ally, lay
in the path of that line of conquest: the
Turkish empire, whose interests she professed
to make her own, lay in the direct path that
she intended to tread.
"And now what has happened? The Aus-
tro-Hungarian empire has gone to pieces and
the Turkish empire has disappeared^ and the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
291
nations that eflected that great result— for
it was a result of liberation— are now le-
sponsible as the trustees of the assets of those
great nations.
"You not only would have weak nations
lying- in this path, but you would have na-
tions in which that old poisonous seed of in-
trigue could be planted with the certainty {hat
the crop would be abundant; and one of the
things that the league of nations is intended
to watch is the course of intrigue.
"Intrigue cannot stand publicity, and if the
league of nations were nothing but a great
debating society it would kill intrigue.
"It is one of the agreements of this cove-
nant that it is the friendly right of every na-
tion a member of the league to call atten-
tion to anything that it thinks will dis-
turb the peace of the world, no matter where
that thing- is occurring.
"There is no subject that may touch the
peace of the world which is exempt from
inquiry and discussion, and I think every-
body here present will agree with me that
Germany would never have gone to war if
she had permitted the world to discuss the
aggression upon Serbia for a single week.
"The British foreign office suggested, it
pleaded, that there might be a day or two delay
so that the representatives of the nations of
Europe could get together and discuss the
possibilities of a settlement. Germany did
not dare permit a day's discussion.
"You know what happened. So soon as
the world realized that an outlaw was at
large, the nations began one by one to draw
together against her.
"We know for a certainty that if Germany
had thought for a moment that Great Britain
would go in with France and Russia, she neve
would have undertaken the enterprise, and the
league of nations is meant as a notice to all
outlaw nations that not only Great Britain
but the United States and the rest of th':
world will go in to stop enterprises of that
sort.
"And so the league of nations is nothing
more nor less than the covenant that the
world will always maintain the standards
which it has now vindicated by some of .the
most precious blood ever spilt. •
"The liberated peoples of the Austro-Hunga-
rian empire and of the Turkish empire call
out to us for this thing. It has, not arisen
in the counsel of statesmen.
"Europe is a bit sick at heart at this very
moment, because it sees that statesmen have
no vision, and that the only vision has been
the vision of the people. Those who suffer
see. Those against whom wrong- ia wrought
know how desirable is the right and the
righteous.
"The nations that have long been under the
heel of the Austrian, that have long cowered
before the German, that have long suffered
the indescribable agonies of being governed by
the Turk, have called out to the world, gen-
eration after generation, for justice, for lib-
eration, for succor, and no cabinet in the
world has heard them.
"Private organizations, pitying hearts, phil-
anthropic men and women have poured out
their treasure in order to relieve these suffer-
ings: but no nation has said to the nations
responsible. 'You must stop; this thing is in-
tolerable, and we will not permit it..' And the
vision has been with the people.
"My friends. I wish you would reflect upon
this proposition. The vision as to what is
necessary for great reforms has seldom come
from the top in the nations in the world. It
has come from the need and the aspiration
and the self-assertion of great bodies of men
who meant to be free.
"And I can explain some of the criticisms
which have been leveled against this great en-
terprise only by the supposition that the men
who utter the criticisms have never felt the
great pulse of the heart of the world.
"And I am amazed— not alarmed, but
amazed — that there should be in some quar-
ters such a comprehensive ignorance of the
state of the world. These gentlemen do not
know what the mind of men is just now.
Everybody else does. I do not know where
they have been closeted: I do not know by
what influences they have been blinded; but I
do know that they have been separated from
the general currents oi the thought of man-
kind.
"And I want to utter this solemn wa-n-
ing. not in the way of a threat; the forces
of the world do not threaten, they operate.
The great tides of the world do not give
notice that they are going to rise and run;
they rise in their majesty and overwhelming
might, and those who stand in the way are
overwhelmed. Now the heart of the world is
awake, and the heart of the world must be
satisfied.
"Do not let yourselves suppose for a mo-
ment that the uneasiness in the populations
of Europe is due entirely to economic causes
or economic motives; something very much
deeper underlies it all than that.
"They see that their governments have never
been able to defend them against intrigue or
aggression, and that there is no force of fore-
sight or of prudence in any modern caoin/et to
stop war. And therefore they say. 'There must
be some fundamental cause for this,' and the
fundamental cause they are beginning to per-
ceive to be that nations have stood singly
or in little jealous groups against each other,
fostering prejudice, increasing the danger of
war, rather than concerting measures to pre-
vent it; and that if there is right in the
world, if there is justice in the world, there
is no reason why nations should be divided
in the support of justice.
"They are therefore saying if you really be-
lieve there is a right, if you really believe
•yars ought to be stopped, stop thinking about
the rival interests of nations, and think about
men and women and children throughout the
"Nations are not made to afford distinction
to their rulers by way of success in the ma-
neuvers of politics: nations are meant, if they
are meant for anything, to make the men and
women and children in them secure and hap-
py and prosperous, and no nation has the
right to set up special interests against the
interests and benefits of mankind, least of
all this great nation which we love.
"It was set UP for the benefit of mankind:
it was set up to illustrate the highest ideala
and to achieve the highest aspirations of men
who wanted to be free, and the world — the
world of to-day— believes that and counts on
us. and would be thrown back into the black-
ness of despair if we deserted it.
"I have tried once and again, my fellow
citizens, to say to little circles of friends oi
to larger bodies, what seems to be the real
hope of the peoples of Europe, and I tell you
frankly I have not been able to do so because
when the thought tries to crowd itself into
speech, the profound emotion of the thing is
too much: speech will not carry.
''I have felt the tragedy of the hope Of
those suffering peoples. It is tragedy because
it is a hope which cannot be realized in its
perfection, and yet I have felt besides its trag-
edy, its compulsion, its compulsion upon every
living man to exercise every influence that ho
has to the utmost to see that as little aa pos-
sible of that hope is disappointed, because if
men cannot now, after this agony of bloody
sweat, come to their self-possession and see
how to regulate the affairs of the world we
will sink back into a period of struggle in
which there will be no hope, and therefore no
mercy.
"There can be no mercy where there is no
lope, for why should you spare another if
ou yourself expect to perish? Why should
_ ou be pitiful if you can get no pity? Why
should you be just if, upon every hand, you
are put upon?
292
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
''There is another thing1 which I think the
critics of this covenant have not observed.
They not only have not observed the temper
of the world, but they have not even observed
the temper of those splendid boys in khaki
that they sent across the seas. I have had
the proud consciousness of the reflected glory
of those boys, because the constitution made
me their commander in chief, and they have
tauerht me some lessons.
"When we went into the war we went into
it on the basis of declarations which it was
my privilege to utter, because I believed them
to be an interpretation ol the purpose and
thought of the people of the United States.
"And those boys went over there with the
feeling- that they were sacredly bound to the
realization of those ideals: that they were not
only going over there to beat Germany: they
were not going over there merely with resent-
ment in their hearts against a particular out-
law nation: but that they were crossing those
three thousand miles of sea in order to show
to Europe that the United States, when it
became necessary, would go anywhere where
the rights of mankind were threatened.
"They would not sit still in the trenches.
They would not be restrained by the prudence
of experienced continental commanders. They
thought they had come over there to do a
particular thing, and they were going to do
it and do it at once.
"And juist as soon as that rush of spirit
as well as rush of body came in contact with
the lines of the enemy they began to breafe.
and they continued to break until the end.
They continued to break, my fellow citizens,
not merely because of the physical force of
those lusty youngsters, but because of the ir-
resistible spiritual iorce of the armies of the
United States. It was that they felt. It was
that that awed them. It was that that made
them feel, if these youngsters ever got a foot-
hold they could never be dislodged and. there-
fore, every foot of ground that they won was
permanently won for the liberty of mankind.
"And do you suppose that having felt
-that crusading: spirit of these youngsters, who
went over there not to glorify America, but
to serve their fellow men, I am going to
permit myself for one moment to slacken in
my effort to be worthy of them and their
cause? What I said at the opening I said
with a deeper meaning than perhaps you have
caught ; I do mean not to come back until
'it's over over there,' and it must not be over
until the nations of the world are assured
of the permanency of peace.
"Gentlemen on this side of the water would
be very much profited by getting into com-
munication with some gentlemen on the other
t-ide of the water. We sometimes think, my
fellow citizens that the experienced statesmen
of the European nations are an unusually
hard headed set of men, by which we gener-
ally mean, although we do not admit it, that
they are a bit cynical: that they say, "This is
a very practical world,* by which you always
mean that it is not an ideal world: that they
do not believe that things can be settled upon
an ideal basis.
"Well. I never came into intimate contact
with them before, but if they used to be that
way, they are not that way now. They have
been subdued, if that was once their temper,
by the awful significance of recent events and
the awful importance of what is to ensue; and
there is not one of them with whom I have
come in contact who does not feel that he
cannot in conscience return to his people from
Paris unless he has done his utmost to do
something more than attach his name to a
treaty of peace.
"Every man in that conference knows that
the treaty of peace in itself will be inopera-
tive, as Mr. Taft had said, without the con-
-stant support and energy of a great organiza-
tiong8Uch as is supplied by the league of na-
in their JmI?««eaP£ E° co"nsel of generosity
'Trom being what I will venture to call
the most famous and the most powerful na-
tion in the world we would of a imriAZn
have become the most contemptibll. So I dfd
not need to be told, as I have been told t*22
Pte^le °f the* United States would {££-
Amerlcan *nd
did not mean our professions of principles
They thought so until April of 1917 if was
™E« flSrfSS t0 Vhem that we would do
more than send a few men over and go
£wU£hitWori59 of ^P™*. and when thly
saw multitudes hastening across the sea and
saw what those multitudes were eager to do
when they got .to the other side, they stood
amazed, and said: 'The thing is real: this
nation is the friend of mankind, as it said
it was.' The enthusiasm, the hope the trust
the confidence in the future, bred by that
change of view, is indescribable
'Take an individual American and you may
often find him selfish and confined to Ms
special interests: but take the American in
the mass and he is willing to die f or an^idea
The sweet revenge, therefore, is this that
we believed in righteousness, and now we are
ready to make the supreme sacrifice for it-
the supreme sacrifice of throwing in our for-
iunesrr,^lth the fort"nes of men everywhere.
Mr. Taft was speaking of Washington's ut-
terance about entangling alliances and if he
will permit me to say so. he put the exactly
right interpretation upon what Washington
said, the interpretation that is inevitable if
you read what he said, as most of these gen-
tlemen do not. and the thing that he longed
for was just what we are now about to sup-
SflS aKncfsmfnntthriCSrldWi11 ********
"Nothing entangles, nothing enmeshes a man
except a selfish combination with somebody
else Nothing entangles a nation, hampers it
or binds it, except to enter into a combina-
tion with some other nation against the other
nations of the world. And this great dis-
entanglement of all alliances is now to be ac-
complished. by this covenant, because one of
the covenants, is that no nation shall enter
into. any relationship with another nation in-
cor Distent with the covenants of the league of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
293
"Nations promise not to have alliances. Na-
tions promise not to make combinations
against each other. Nations agree that there
shall be but one combination and that is the
combination of all against the wrongdoer. And
so I am going1 back to my task on the other
side with renewed vigor. I had not forgotten
what the spirit of the American people is,
but I have been immensely refreshed by
coming in contact with it again. I did not
know how good home felt until I got there.
"The only place a man can feel at home
is where nothing has to be explained to him.
Nothing has to be explained to me in Amer-
ica, least of all the sentiment of the American
people. I mean about great fundamental
things like this. There are many differences
9f judgment as to policy— and perfectly legit-
imate. Sometimes profound differences of
judgment, but those are not differences of sen-
timent: those ire not differences of purposes;
those are not differences of ideals. And the
advantage of not having to have anything ex-
plained to you is that you recognize a wrong
explanation when you hear it.
-In a certain rather abandoned part of the
frontier at one time it was said they found a
man who told the truth. He was not found
telling it. but he could tell it when he heard
it. and I think I am in that situation with
regard to some of the criticisms I have heard.
They do not make any impression on me. be-
cause I Know there is no .medium that will
transmit tnem. that the sentiment of the coun-
try is proof against such narrowness and such
selfishness as that. I commend these gentle-
men to communion with their fellow citizens.
"What are we to say. then, as to the fu-
ture? I think, my fellow citizens, that we
can look forward to it with great confidence
7v> nave, "card cheering- news since I came to
.this side of the water about the progress that
« being made in Paris toward the discussion
and clarification of a great many difficult
matters, and I believe that settlements will
begin to be made rather rapidly from this
time on at those conferences.
"But what I believe— what I know as well
as believe— is this: That the men engaged in
those conferences are gathering- heart as they
go. not losing it: that they are finding com-
munity of purpose and community of ideal
l<> an extent that perhaps they did not expect
and that amidst all the interplay of influence
-because it is infinitely complicated-amidst
all the interplay of influence, there is a for-
ward movement which is running toward the
right. Men have at last perceived that the
only permanent thing in the world is the right
and that a wrong settlement is bound to be
a temporary settlement for the very best rea-
son of all— that it ought to be a temporary
settlement. And the spirits of men will rebel
thT'sadd'le SDiritS °f men are nOw in
"When I was in Italy a little limping group
of wounded Italian soldiers sought an inter-
view with me. I could not conjecture what
lt-*Haf>, they were ?oin? to say to me- an<J
with the greatest simplicity— with a touching
simplicity— they presented me with a petition
in lavor of the league of nations. Their
wounded limbs, their impaired vitality were
the only argument they brought with 'them
It was a simple request that I lend all the
influence that I might happen to have to re-
lieve future generations of the sacrifices that
they had been obliged to make.
"That appeal has remained in my mind as
I have ridden along the streets in European
capitals and heard cries of the crowd — cries
for the league of nations— from lips of people
who. I venture to say, had no particular no-
tion of how it was to be done: who were
not ready to propose a plan for a league of
nations, but whose hearts said that some-
thing by way of a combination of all men
everywhere must come out of this.
"As we drove along country roads weak
old women would come out and hold flowers
to us. Why should they hold flowers up to
strangers from across the Atlantic? Only be-
cause they believed that we were the mesaen-
erers of friendship and of hope, and these
lowers were their humble offerings of grati-
tude that friends from so great a distance
should have brought them so great a hope.
It is inconceivable that we should disap-
point them, and we shall not. The day win
come when men in America will look back
with swelling hearts and rising pride that they
should have been privileged to make the sac-
rifice which it was necessary to make in order
to combine their might and their moral powei
with the cause of justice for men of every
kind everywhere.
"God give us strength and vision to do it
wisely. God give us the privilege of knowing
that we did it without counting the cost, and
because we were true Americans, lovers of
liberty and of doing right."
More Speeches in France.
On the morning of March 5 President and
Mrs. Wilson again boarded the transport
George Washington, which sailed for Brest.
France, convoyed by the battleship Montana.
The, French port was reached March 13 and
on the following morning the presidential
party reached Paris, whers it was welcomed by
President and Mme. Poincare, Premier Clemen-
ceau and other officials. There was no demon-
stration such as attended the arrival of the
president in the French capital, yet the wel-
come was cordial both on the part of the
French officials and on that of the public.
President and Mrs. Wilson took up their abode
I in the Hotel Boschoffsheim, a private residence
in the Place des Etats-Unis, which they oc-
cupied as the guests of the French govern-
ment during the remainder of their stay in
From this time on until the signing of the
peace treaty with Germany the president de-
voted nearly all his time and energy to con-
ferences with the other leading peace dele-
gates in an effort to overcome the many and
serious obstacles in the way of an agreement.
An outline of his activities in this direction
will be found in the history of the peace con-
ference itself. He found time, however, from
his arduous duties to make a limited number
of addresses not directly connected with his
work as a peace delegate.
Spirit of America.
In a speech before the International Law
association in Paris. France. May 9. President
3
_ have tried to do and what I have
said in speaking for America was to. speak
the mind of America, to speak the impulse
and the principles of America. And the only
proof I have of my success is that the spirit
of America responded without stint or limit
and proved that it was ready to do that thing
which I was privileged to call upon it to do.
"And we have illustrated, in this spirit of
America, something which perhaps may serve
as a partial guide for the future. May I
say that one of the things that have disturbed
me in recent months is the hope that men
have entertained everywhere of immediate
emancipation from the things that have ham-
pered them and oppressed them? You cam
in human experience, rush into the light.
"You cannot throw off the habits of
ciety immediately any more than you can
throv off the habits of the individual im-
mediately. They must be slowly got rid of. or.
rather, they must be slowly altered. They
must be slowly adapted, they must be slowly
shaped to the new ends for which we would
use them.
"Your studies are devoted to one of th0
things which will be of most consequence to
men in the future, the intelligent develop-
ment of international law. In one sense this
great unprecedented war was fought to give
validity to international law, to prove that
had a reality which no nation could afford
cannot.
it
to
294
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
disres-ard- that while it did not have .the or-
dinal sanctions. while there was no interna-
tional authority to enforce it. it nevertheless
had something behind it which was greater
than that, the moral rectitude of mankind.
"'If we can give to international law the
kind of vitality which it can have only if it
is a real Expression of our moral judgment we
shall have completed in some sense the work
which this war was intended to emphasize.
'•International law has perhaps sometimes
been a little too much thought out in the
closet. International law has been handled too
exclusively by lawyers. Lawyers like definite
lines They like systematic arrangements
They are uneasy if they depart from what was
done yesterday. They dread experiments. They
like charted seas, and if they have no charts
hardly venture to undertake the voyage.
"Now we must venture upon uncharted seas.
In the new league of nations we are starting
out on uncharted seas, and therefore we must
have steadiness of purpose. And we must not
be afraid of new things, at the same time that
we must not be intolerant of old things.
"The heart of the world is under plain
ckets. The heart of the world .is. at simple
. ..
firesides. The heart of the world is in humble
circumstances, and unless you know the pres-
sure of life of the humbler classes you 'know
nothing of life whatever
whom you are not *~ -r-. -- — -- ~f --
to them. To live and let live, to work for
people and with people, is at the bottom of
the kind of experience which must underlie
"In a sense the old enterprise of national
law is played out. I mean that the future of
mankind depends more upon the relations of
nations to one another, more upon the realiza-
tion of the common brotherhood of mankind,
than upon the separate and selfish develop-
ment of national systems of law: so that the
men who can, if I may express it so. think
without language, think the common thoughts
of humanity, are the men who will be most
serviceable in the immediate future.
"God grant that there may be many of
them, that many .men may see this nope ana
wish to advance it."
America for Justice.
Speaking in Paris, France. May 10. at a
session of the Academy of Moral and Political
Sciences, of which he was elected a member
in 1918, President Wilson said:
"I have had in recent months one very deep
sense of privilege. I have been keenly aware
that there have been times when the peoples
of Europe have not understood the people of
the United States. We have been too often
supposed to have been devoted chiefly, if not
entirely, to material enterprises. We have been
supposed, in the common phrase, to worship
the almighty dollar.
"We have accumulated wealth, we have de-
voted ourselves to material enterprises with
extraordinary success, but there has underlain
all of that, all the time, a common sense of
humanity and a common sympathy with the
high principles of justice which has never
grown dim.
"A great many of my colleagues in Amer-
ican university life got their training, even in
political science, as so many men in civil
circles did, in German universities. I have
been obliged at various times to read a great
deal of bad German, difficult German, awk-
ward German, and I have been aware that
the thought was as awkward as the phrase,
that the thought was rooted in a fundamental
misconception of the .state and of the political
life of peoples.
"And it has been a portion of my effort
to disengage the thought of American uni-
versity tochers from the misguided instruc-
tion which they had received on this side of
the sea. Their American spirit anticipated
most of them, as a matter of course, but the
form of thought sometimes misled them. They
speak too o^ten of the state as a thing which
would ignore the individual, as a thing- which
was privileged to dominate the fortune of men
by a sort of inherent and sacred authority.
"Now as an utter democrat. I have never
been able to accept that view of the state.
My view of the state is that each man has
the right to have his voice heard and his
counsel heeded, in so far as it is worthy of
him.
. "I have always been among those who be-
lieve that the greatest freedom of speech was
the greatest safety, because if a man is a
fool the best thing to do it to encourage him
to advertise the fact by speaking. It cannot
be so easily discovered if you allow him to
remain silent and look wise, but if you let
him speak, the secret is out and the world
knows that he is a fool."
Speech at Pessoa Dinner.
Speaking at a dinner given by the Pan-
American ueace delegation in honor of Dr.
Epitacio Pessoa, president-elect of Brazil, in
Fans on the evening of May 26, President
Wilson said:
"The honor has been accorded me of making
the first speech to-night, and I am very glad
to avail myself of that privilege. I want
to say that I feel very much at home in
this company, though, after all. I suppose no
one of us feels thoroughly at home except on
tha other side of the water. We all feel in
a very real sense that we have a common
home, because we live in the atmosphere ol
the same conceptions and. I think, with the
same political ambitions and principles.
"I am particularly glad to have the oppor-
tunity of paying my respects to Mr. Pessoa. It
is very delightful, for one thing, if I may
say so, to know that my presidency is not
ahead of me and that his presidency is ahead
of him. I wish him every happiness and
every success with the greatest earnestness,
and yet I cannot, if I may judge by my own
experience, expect for him a very great ex-
hilaration in the performance of the duties
of his office, because, after all, to be the head
of an American state is a task of unrelieved
responsibility. American constitutions as a
rule put so many duties of the highest sort
upon the president, and so much of the
responsibilty of affairs of state is. centered
upon him. that his years of office are apt to
be years a little weighted with anxiety, a
little burdened with the sense of the obliga-
tion of speaking for his people, speaking what
they really think and endeavoring1 to ac-
complish what they really desire.
"I suppose no more delicate task is given
any man than to interpret the feelings and
the purposes of a great people. I know that,
if I may speak for myself, the chief anxiety
I have had has been to be the true interpreter
of a national spirit, expressing no private and
peculiar views, but t^ing to express the gen-
eral spirit of a nation. And a nation looks
to its president to do that: and the comrade-
ship of an evening like this does not consist
merely of the sense of neighborhood. We are
neighbors. We have always been friends. But
that is all old. Something new has hap-
pened. I am not sure that I can put it
into words, but there has been added to the
common principles which have united the
Americas time out of mind a feeling that the
world at large has accented those principles,
that there has gone a thrill of hope and of
expectation throughout the nations of the
world which somehow s^pms to have its source
and fountain in the thiners we always be-
lieved in. It is as if the pure waters of the
fountains we had always drunk from had now
nepn nnt to the lips of pll Peoples, and the*
had drunk and were refreshed.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
295
"And it is a delightful thought to believe
that these are fountains which sprang1 up out
of the soil of the Americas. I am not. of
course, suggesting; or believing1 that political
liberty had its birth in the American hemi-
sphere, because of course it had not, but the
peculiar expression of it characteristic of the
modern time, that broad republicanism, that
genuine feeling and practice of democracy, that
is becoming characteristic of the modern world,
did have its origin in America: and the re-
sponse of the peoples of the world to this
new expression is, we may perhaps pride our-
selves, a response to an American suggestion
''If that is true, we owe the world a pecul-
iar service. If we originated great practices
we must ourselves be worthy of them. J
remember not long ago attending a very in-
teresting meeting which was held in the in-
terest of combining Christian missionary effort
throughout the world. I mean eliminating
the rivalry between churches and agreeing that
Christian missionaries should not represent
this, that or the other church, but represent
the general Christian impulse and principlt
of the world. I said I was thoroughly ir
sympathy with the principle, but that I hoped
if it was adopted, the inhabitants of the
heathen countries would not come to look
at us, because we were not ourselves united,
but divided: that while we were asking them
to unite, we ourselves did not set the example.
"My moral from that recollection is this:
We. among other friends of liberty, are asking
the world to unite in the interest of brother-
hood and mutual service and the genuine ad-
vancement of individual and corporate liberty
throughout the world; therefore we must set
the example.
"I will recall here to some of you an effort
that I myself made some years ago, soon after
I assumed the presidency of the United States,
to do that very thing. I was urging the other
states of America to unite with the United
States in doing something which very closely
resembled the formation 'of the present league
of nations. I was ambitious to have the
Americas do the thing first and set the exam-
ple to the world of what we are now about
to realize. I had a double object in it; not
only my pride that the Americas should set
the example and show the genuineness of their
principles, but that the United States should
have a new relation to the other Americas.
The United States upon a famous occasion
warned the governments of Europe that i'
would regard it as an unfriendly act if they
tried to overturn free institutions in the west-
ern hemisphere and to substitute their own sys-
tems of government, which at that time were
inimical to those free institutions: but, while
the United States thus undertook of its own
motion to be the champion of America against
such aggressions from Europe, it did not givn
any conclusive assurance that it woula never
itself be the aggressor. What I wanted to do
in the proposals to which I have just referred
was to offer to the other American states our
own bond that they were safe against us. and
any illicit ambitions we might entertain, as
well as safe, so far as the power of the
United States could make them safe, against
foreign nations.
J<Of course I am sorry that happy consum-
mation did not come, but. after all, no doubt
the impulse was contributed to by us which
has now led to a sort of mutual pledge on
the part of all the self-governing nations of
the world that th°y will be friends to each
other, not only, but tha. they will take pains
to secure each other's safety and independ-
ence and territorial integrity.
"No greater thing has ever happened in the
political world than that, and I am particu-
larly gratified to-night to think of the hours
I have had the pleasure of spending- with Mr.
Pessoa as a member, along with him, of the
commission on the league of nations which
prepared the covenant which was submitted
to the conference I have felt as I looked
flown the table ana caught his eye, that we
had the same American mind in regard to the
business, and when I made suggestions or
used arguments that I felt were character-
istically American I would always catch sym-
pathy in his eyes. When others perhaps did
not catch the point at once, he always caught
it, because, though we were not bred to the
same language literally, we were bred to the
same political language and the same polit-
ical thought, and our ideas were the same.
"It is, therefore, with a real sense of com-
munication and of fellowship and of some-
thing more than neighborly familiarity that I
find myself in this congenial company and
that I take my part -with you in paying my
tribute and extending my warmest, best wishes
to the great country of Brazil and to the gen-
tleman who will worthily represent her in her
presidential chair."
Memorial Day Cable.
President Wilson on May 29 cabled the fol-
lowing message to* the American people:
"My Fellow Countrymen: Memorial day
wears this year an added significance and I
wish, if only by a message, to take part with
you in its observation and in expressing the
sentiments which it inevitably suggests. In ob-
serving the day we commemorate not only the
reunion of our own country but also now
the liberation of the world from one of the
most serious dangers to which free government
and the free life of men were ever exposed.
We have buried the gallant and now immortal
men who died in this great war of liberation
with a new sense of consecration. Our
thoughts and purpose now are consecrated to
the maintenance of the liberty of the world
and of the union of its people in a single
comradeship of liberty and of right. It was
for this that our men conscientiously offered
their lives. They came to the field of
battle with the high spirit and pure heart
of crusaders. We must never forget the
duty that their sacrifices have laid upon us
ot fulfilling their hopes and their purpose
to the utmost. This, it seems to me, is the
impressive lesson and the inspiring mandate
of the day. WOODROW WILSON."
Memorial Day Address.
On May 30 President Wilson attended the
Memorial day exercises in the American ceme-
tery at Suresnes. near Paris, and in the Pres-
ence of a large number of soldiers and civil-
ians, including many American and French of-
ficials, one of the latter being Marshal Foch.
made the following address:
"Mr. Ambassador, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Fellow Countrymen: No one with a. heart in
his breast, no American, no lover of humanity,
can stand in the presence of these graves
without the most profound emotion. These
men who lie here are men of a unique breed.
Their like has not been seen since the far days
of the crusades.
"Never before have men crossed the seas
to a foreign land to fight for a cause of hu-
manity which they did not pretend was par-
ticularly their own, but knew was the cause
of humanity and of mankind. And when, they
came they found comrades for their courage
and their devotion. They found armies al-
rendy in the field— men who. thoue-h they had
gone through three years of fiery trial, seemed
only to be just discovering, not for a moment
losing, the high temper of the great affair-
men seasoned in the bloody service of liberty.
Joining hands with these, the men of Amer-
ica gave that greatest of all gifts, the gift
of life and the gift of spirit.
"It will always be a treasured memory on
the part of those who knew and loved these
men that the testimony of everybody who saw
them in the field of action was- their unflinching
courage, their ardor to the point of audacity,
their full consciousness of the high cause
they had come to serve and their constant
vision of the issue.
"It is delightful to learn from those who
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
saw these men fight and saw them waiting
in the trenches lor the summons to the fight,
that they had a touch oi the high spirit ol
religion, that they knew they were exhibit-
ing a spirit as well as a physical might, and
those ot us who know and love America know
that they were discovering to the whole world
the true spirit and devotion of their mother-
land It was America who came in the per-
sons' of these men and who will forever be
grateful that she was so represented.
'•And it is the more delightiul to entertain
these thoughts because we know that these
men. though buried in a foreign land, are not
buried in an alien soil. They are at home,
sleeping with the spirits of those who thought
the same thoughts and entertained the same
aspirations.
"The noble women of Suresnes have given
evidence of the loving sense with which they
received these dead as their own, for they
have cared for their graves, they have made
it their interest, their loving interest, to see
that ther-3 was no hour of neglect and that
constantly through all the months that have
gone by the mothers at home should know
that there were mothers here who remem-
bered and honored their dead.
"You have just heard in the beautiful let-
ter from M. Clemenceau what I believe to be
the real message of France to us on a day
like this, a message of genuine comradeship, a
doubt that if our British comrades were here
they would speak in the same spirit and in
the same language. For the beauty of this
war is that it has brought a new partnership
and a new comradeship and a new understand-
ing1 into the fi?ld of the effort of the nation.
"But it would be no profit to us to eulogize
these illustrious dead if we did not take to
eart the lesson which they have taught us.
hey are dead; they have done their utmost
to show their devotion to a great cause and
they have left us to see to it that that cause
shall not be betrayed, whether in war or
peace. It is our privilege and our high duty
to consecrate ourselves afresh on a day like
this to the objects for which they fought. It
is not necessary that I should rehearse to you
what these objects were.
"These men did not come across the sea
merely to defeat Germany and her associated
powers in the war. They cpme to defeat for-
ever the things for which the central powers
stood, the sort of power they meant to assert
in the world, the arrogant, selfish domination
which they meant to establish, and they came,
moreover, to see to it that there should never
a war like this again.
civi
and agreement to see to it that there never
is such a war again. The nation that should
now fling ou* of this common concord of coun-
sel would betray the human race.
"So it is our duty to take and maintain the
safeguards which will see to it that the moth-
ers of America and the mothers of France
ind England and Italy and Belgium and ali
"It is for us. particularly for us who are
vilized. to use our proper weapons of counsel
other suffering- nations should never be call:
upon for this sacrifice again. This can b
done. It must be done. And it will be don' .
thing that these men left us., though
they did not in their counsels conceive it. is
the great instrument which we have just
erected in the league of nations. The league
of nations is the covenant of government that
these men shall not have died in vain.
"I like to think that the dust of those sons
of America who were privileged to be buried
in their mother country will mingle with the
dust of the men who fought for the preser-
vation of the union, and that as those men
gave their lives in order that America might
be united, these men have given their lives
in order that the wo-ld might be united.
Those men gave their lives in order to secure
the freedom of a nation. These men have
given theirs in order to secure the freedom
of mankind, and I look forward to an age
when it will be just as impossible to regret
the results of their labor as it is now impossi-
ble to regret tfce result of the labor of those
men who lought lor the union oi the states.
"I look for the time when every man who
now puts his counsel against the united serv-
ice of mankind under the league of nations
will be just as ashamed oi it as if he now
regretted the union oi the states.
"You are aware, as I am aware, that the
airs of an older day are beginning to stir
again, that the standards of an old order are
trying to assert themselves again. There is
here and there an attempt to insert into the
counsel of statesmen the old reckoning ol
selfishness and bargaining and national ad-
vantage which were the roots of this war,
and any man who counsels these thing's advo-
cates a renewal of the sacrifice which these
men have made; for if this is not the final
battle for right there will be another that
will be final.
"Let these gentlemen who suppose that it is
possible for them to accomplish this return '
to an order of which we are ashamed and
that we are ready to forget, realize they can-
not accomplish it. The peoples of the world
are awake and the peoples of the world are
in the saddle. Private counsels of statesmen
cannot now and cannot hereafter determine
the destinies of nations.
"If we are not the servants of the opinion
of mankind we are of all men the littlest,
the most contemptible, the least gifted with
vision. If we do not know courage we can-
not accomplish our purpose, and this age is
an age which looks forward, not backward:
which rejects the standard of national selfish-
ness that once governed the counsels of na-
tions and demands that they shall give way
to a new order of things in which only the
questions will be, 'Is it right?' 'Is it just?*
'Is it in the interest of mankind?'
"This is a challenge that no previous gen-
eration ever dared give ear to. So many
things have happened, and they have hap-
pened so fast, in the last few years that .1
do not think many of us realize what it is
that has happened. Think how impossible
it would have been to get a body of responsi-
sle statesmen seriously to entertain the idea
of the organization of a league of nations
Eour years ago I And think of the change
that has taken place !
I was told before I came to France that
there would be confusion of counsel about
this thing, and I found unity of counsel,
was told that there would be opposition, and
this thing, and I found unity of coui
was told that there would be oppositu .
I found union of action. I found the states-
men with whom I was about to deal united
in the idea that we must have a league of
nations; that we could not merely make a
peace settlement and then leave it to make
itself effectual, but that, we must conceive
some common organization by which we
should give our common faith that this peace
would be maintained and the conclusions at
which we had arrived should be made as
secure as the united counsels of all the great
nations that fought against Germany could
m"We have listened to the challenge and that
is the proof that there shall never be a war
like this again.
"Ladies and gentlemen, we all believe. I
hope, that the spirits of these men .are not
buried with their bones. Their spirits live.
I hope— I believe— that their spirits are present
with us at this hour. I hope that I feel the
compulsion of their presence. I hope that 1
realize the significance of their presence.
"Think soldiers, of those comrades of yours
who are gone. If they were here what would
they say? They would not remember what
you are talking about to-day. They would
remember America, which they left with their
high hope and purpose. They would remem-
ber the terrible fi°ld of battle. They would
remember what they constantly recalled in
times of danger, what they had come for and
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
297
how worth while it was to give their lives
f°"And they would say: 'Forget all the little
'°
who left me under eternal bonds of fidelity.
VISIT TO BELGIUM.
From the beginning of his stay in. Europe
4nffnntrelpon°se fo^n^A&Ji™ fr^om
Wi1«on were met by King Albert and Queen
El izabeth Brand Whitlock. . the American
minuter to Belgium, also joined the Party
he^e and continued with it during the Bel-
£?an visit. The members of the Party en-
tered motor oars and made a trip of about
110 miles visiting- Fumes. Wulpen, Nieuoort.
Dixmude. Houthulst forest Poelcapelle. Jpres.
Menin. Roulers. Ostend and Zeebrugge At the
last named place a train was . taken for
Brussels, whifh was reached late in the eve-
ning President Wilson rode to the palace in
an automobile amid the cheers of an enormous
CTThVnext day the president motored to
Charleroi with King Albert and then returned
for a luncheon given by Minister Whitlock .at
the American legation. Here he made a brief
address, speaking as follows:
"I want to express my pleasure not only
at being in Belgium, but to be personally asso-
ciated with the king and queen. We have
found them what all the world had told us
that they were, perfectly genuine, perfectly
delightful and perfectly devoted to the inter-
ests of the people, and not only so. but. what
is very rare just now, very just in their judg-
ments of the events of the past and of the
events that are now taking place.
"I could not help expressing the opinion
which I did yesterday— namely, that that must
arise from the fact that they had intimately
associated themselves in life with their peo-
ple.
"If you live with the talkers, you get one
impression: if you live with th« livers, you
get another impression. You come into con-
tact with the realities, and only realities make
you wise and just.
"I want, with this very brief preface in
which I am speaking- from my heart, to pro-
pose the health and long life of his majesty
the king and her majesty the queen."
Later President Wilson received a number of
journalists and then visited the chamber of
deputies, where Paul Hymans. the Belgian for-
eign minister, gave an address of welcome.
Replying, the presidpnt said:
"Your Majesty and Gentlemen: It is with
such profound emotion that I express my
deepest appreciation of the generous welcome
you have given me that I am not at all sure
that I can find the words to say what is in
my heart to say.
"M. Hymans has repeated to you some of
the things which America tried to do to show
her profound friendship and sympathy with
Belgium, but M. Hymans was not able to tes-
tify as I am to the heart of America that was
back of her efforts, for America did not do
those things merely because she conceived it
her duty to do them, but because she re-
joiced in this way to show her real humanity
and her real knowledge of these needs of an
old and faithful friend, and these things, I
hope, will be dearer in your memory because
of the spirit which was behind, them. They
were small in themselves.
"It is very delightful to find myself at last
in Belgium. I have come at the first moment
that I was relieved from imperative duty. I
could not come for my own pleasure and in
neglect of duty to a country where I knew I
should meet a sovereign who had constantly
' "entified himself with the interests and the
.e of his people at every necessary sacrifice
to himself: where I should be greeted by a
burgomaster who never allowed the enemy to
thrust him aside and always asserted the
majesty and authority of the municipality
which he represented: where I should have the
privilege of meeting a cardinal who was the
true shepherd of his flock and the majesty of
whose spiritual authority awed even the un-
scrupulous enemy himself, who knew that
they did not dare lay a hand upon this serv-
ant of God. and where I should have the priv-
ilege of graspine: the hand of a general who
never surrendered, and on every hand should
meet men who had known their duty and had
done it.
"I could not come to Belgium until I felt
that I was released from my duty. I souerht
in this way to honor you by recognizing the
spirit which I knew I should meet with here.
When I realize that at my back are the
fighting standards of Belgium it pleases me to
think that I am in the presence of those
who knew how to shed their blood as well as
do their duty for their country. They need
no encomium from me.
"I would rather turn for a moment with you
to the significance of the place which Belgium
bears in this contest, which, thank God. is
ended.
''I came here because I wished to associate
myself in counsel with the men who I knew
had felt deeply the pulse of this terrible strug-
gle, and I wanted to come also because I real-
ized. I believe, that Belgium and her part in
the war is in one sense the key of the whole
straggle, because the violation of Belgium was
the call to duty which aroused the nations.
"The enemy committed many qutrag-es in
this war. erentlemen. but the initial outrage
was the fundamental outrag-e of all. They,
with an insolent indifference, violated the sa-
credness of treaties.
"They showed that thev did not care for the
independence of any nation, whether it had
raised its hand ag-ainst them or not: that they
were ruthless in their determination to have
their whim at their pleasure
Therefore, it was the violation of Belenum
that awakened the world to its realization
of the character of the struggle. A very in-
teresting thing- came out of that struggle,
which seems almost like an illogical conse-
"One" of the first things the representatives
298
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
of Belgium said to me after the war began
was that they did not want their neutrality
guaranteed: they did not want any neutrality.
They wanted equality, not because, as I under-
stood them, their neutrality was insecure, but
because their neutrality put them upon a dif-
ferent basis oi action from other peoples in
their natural and proper pride.
"They desired a place that was not ex-
ceptional, but iri the ranks of free peoples un-
der all governments. I honored this instinct
in them and it was for that reason that the
first time I had occasion to speak of what the
war might accomplish for Belgium I spoke of
her winning a place oi equality among the
nations.
• So Belgium has. so to say, once more come
into her own through this deep valley of suf-
fering through which she has gone; not only
that, but her cause has linked the govern-
ments of the civilized world together as if in-
stinctively into a league of rights.
"They have put the whole power of organ-
ized mankind behind this conception of jus-
tice which is common to mankind.
"That is the significance, gentlemen, of the
league of nations. The league of nations was
an inevitable consequence of this war. It was
a league of rights, and no thoughtful states-
man who let his thought run into the future
could wish for a moment to slacken those
"His first thought would be to strengthen
them and to perpetuate this combination of
the great governments of the world for the
maintenance of justice. The league of na-
tions is a child of this great war. for it is
the expression of those prevalent resolutions
which grew out of the temporary necessities
of this great struggle, and any nation which
declines to adhere to this covenant deliber-
ately turns away from the most telling ap-
peal that has ever been made to its con-
science and to its manhood.
"The nation that wishes to use the league
of nations for its convenience and not for the
service of the rest of the world deliberately
chooses to turn back to those bad days of
selfish contest when every nation thought first
and always of itself and not of its neighbors:
thought of its rights and forgot its great
moral power, and overlooked its responsibilty.
"Those bad days, I hope, are gone, and the
great moral power backed, if need be. by the
gr'jat physical power of the civilized nations
of the world will now stand firm for the
maintenance of the fine partnership which we
have thus inaugurated.
"It cannot be otherwise. Perhaps the con-
science of some chancelleries was asleep and
the outrage of Germany awakened it. You
cannot see one great nation violate every prin-
ciple of right without beginning to know what
the principles of right are. and to love them,
to despise those who violate them, and to
form the firm resolve that such a violation
shall now be punished and in the future be
prevented.
"These are the feelings with which I have
come to Belgium, and it bas been my thought
to propose to the congress of the United
States as a recognition, as a welcome, of Bel-
gium into her new status of complete inde-
pendence, to raise the mission of the United
States of America to Belgium to the rank oi
an embassy and send an ambassador.
This is the rank which Belgium enjoys in
our esteem. Why should she not enjoy it in
form and in fact? So. gentlemen, we turn to
the future. M. Hymans has spoken in true
terms of the necessities that lie ahead of Bel-
gium and of mnny another nation that has
come through this great war.
It is now our duty to organize our friend-
ship along new lines. The Belgian people and
the Belgian leaders need only the tools to re-
store their life. Their thoughts are not
crushed, their purposes are not obscured, their
Flans are complete and their knowledge of
what is involved in industrial revival is com-
plete.
"What her friends must do is to see to
it that Belgium gets the necessary priority
with regard to obtaining raw materials, the
necessary priority in obtaining the means to
restore the machinery by which she can use
these raw materials and the credit by which
she can bridge over the years which it will
be necessary for her to wait to begin again.
"These are not so much tasks for gov-
ernments as they are tasks for thoughtful
business men and financiers and those who
are producers in other countries. It is a
question of shipping also, but the shipping
of the world will be relieved of its burdens
of troops in a comparatively near future, and
there will be new bottoms in which to carry
the cargoes and the cargoes ought readily to
impel the master of the ship to steer for
Belgian ports.
"I believe, after having consulted many
times with my very competent advisers in
the matter, that an organized method of ac-
complishing these things can be found. It
is a matter of almost daily discussion in
Paris and I believe that as we discuss it
from day to day we come nearer and nearer
to a workable solution and a probable plan.
"I hope not only, but I believe, that such
a plan will be found, and you may be sure
that all America will be pleased. I will not
say more than any other friend of Belgium,
but as much as any other friend of Bel-
gium.
"This is the healing- peace of which M.
Eymans so eloquently spoke. You heal the
nations by serving the nations, and you serre
them by thinking of mankind."
President Wilson and the king, with their
wives, made a fast motor run to ?f alines,
where they had tea with Cardinal Me jier in
his partly ruined residence. Louvain was also
visited, 'Where the university conferred upon
the president a doctorate of laws. While re^
spending to Mgr. Ladeuse. rector of the uni-
versity. President Wilson, glancing- at the ruins
about him. said with emotion :
"I think the nation that has done this has
takenf itself from the brotherhood of echolar-
6hAt'"the Hotel de Ville in Brussels a warm
welcome was given the visitors by. the famous
Burgomaster Max. A vast crowd m the beau-
tiful square in front of the .city hall sane
for them, led by a huge trained chorus of
men. "The Star Spangled Banner1' and the
Belgian national hymn. "La Brabanconne,
After a gala dinner in the king's palace Presi-
dent and Mrs. Wilson boarded their train for
Paris, arriving there the following morning.
LAST DAYS IN FRANCE.
Address at Poincare Dinner.
President Wilson's sojourn in Europe was
drawing to a close, as the treaty of peace
with Germany had been concluded and only
awaited signature. This ceremony took place
on Saturday. June 28. Prior to that time, on
June 26, President Poincare gave a dinner to
President Wilson and all the delegates to the
peace conference. Responding to an P^lreea
made by the French executive. President Wil-
S°"I Sthadnk you most sincerely for the words
that you have uttered. I cannot Preten.clVo^
that .the prospect of going home is not very
ha iyea™lrly generous w
come here, and it has been pleasing for me
to feel that that welcome was intended not eo
much for myself as for the people whom i.
represented.
"Sometimes the work of the conference has
seemed to go very slowly* indeed. Sometimes
it has seemed as if there were unnecessary ob-
stacles to agreement, but as the weeks have
lengthened I have seemed to see the profit
that came out of that. Quick conclusions
would not have produced that intimate knowl-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
299
edge of each other's mind which I think has
come out of these daily conferences.
"These six months have been six months
which have woven new fibers of connection
between the hearts of our people. And some-
thing1 more than friendship and intimate sym-
pathy has come out of this intercourse.
"A new thing- that has happened is that
we have translated our common principles and
our common purposes into a common plan.
"When we part, we are not going to part
with a finished work, but with a work one
portion of which is finished and the other por-
tion of which is only begun.
"We have finished the formulation of the
peace, but we have beerun a clan of co-opera-
tion which I believe will broaden and
strengthen as the vears so by.
"We shall continue to be coworkers in
tasks which, because they are common, will
weave out of our sentiments a common con-
ception of duty and a common conception of
the rights of men of every race and of every
clime if it be true that that has been ac-
complished. it is a Vfry erreat thine.
T A911I gx?- away from these scenes. I think
I shall realize. that I have been present at one
of the most vital things that has happened in
the history of nations. Nations have formed
contracts with each other before but they
never have formed partnerships. They have
associated themselves temporarily, but they
have never before associated themselves per-
manently.
"The wrong- that was done in the waging- of
this war was a erreat wrong-, but it wakened
,
the world to a great moral necessity of seeing
that it was necessary that men should band
themselves tog-ether in order that such a
wrong- should never be perpetrated again
'Merely to beat a nation that was wrong-
once. is not enoturh. There must follow the
warning; to all other nations that would cfo
like thing-s that they in turn will be van-
attempt a
Bids France Goodby.
™e -Sve .of ni9 departure from France on
re WilS°n iSSUed the
"As I look back over the eventful months
I have spent in France, my memory is not
of conferences and hard work alone, but also
of innumerable acts of generosity and friend-
ehip which have made me feel how grenuine
the sentiments of France are toward the peo-
Ple of America and how fortunate I have been
to be the representative of our people in the
midst of a nation which knows how to show
us kindness with so much charm and so much
open manifestion of what is in its heart.
. '/Deeply happy as I am at the prospects of
joining- my own countrymen again. I leave
X ranee with g-enuine regret, my deep sympathv
for her people and belief in her future con-
firmed: my thought enlarg-ed by the privilege
of association with her public men. conscious
of more than one affectionate friendship
formed, and profoundly grateful for unstinted
hospitality and for countless kindlinesses
which have made me feel welcome and at
nom6.
"I take the liberty of bidding France God-
speed as well as good-by. and of expressing
once more my abiding- interest and entire con
fidence in her
Message to Americans.
On the same day (June 28) the following
message from President Wilson was given out
by Secretary Tumulty in Washington:
"My Fellow Countrymen: The treaty ol
peace has been signed. If it is ratified and
acted upon in full and sincere execution of
its terms it will furnish the charter for a
new order of affairs in the world.
"It is a severe treaty in the duties and pen-
alties it imposes upon Germany, but it is se-
vere only because great wrong's done by Ger-
many are to be rig-hted and repaired; it im-
poses nothing- that Germany cannot do; and
she can regain her rightful standing1 in the
world by the prompt and honorable fulfillment
of its terms.
'And it is much more than a treaty of
peace with Germany. It liberates great peo-
ples who have never before been able to
find the way to liberty.
It ends, once for all, an old and intolerable
order under which small groups of selfish men
could use the peoples of great empires to
serve their ambition for power and domin-
ion.
"It associates the free governments of the
world in a permanent league in which they
are pledged to use their united power to
maintain peace by maintaining- right and jus-
tice.
'It makes international law a reality, sup-
ported by imperative sanctions.
"It does away with the rig-ht of conquest
and rejects the policy of annexation and sub-
stitutes a new order under which backward
nations — populations which have not yet come
to political consciousness and peoples who are
ready for independence, but not yet quite
prepared to dispense with protection and guid-
a nee— shall no more be subjected to the
domination and exploitation of a stronger na-
tion but shall be put under the friendly di-
rection and afforded the helpful assistance of
g-overnments which undertake to be responsi-
ble to the opinion of mankind in the execu-
tion of their task by accepting- the direction
of the league of nations.
"It recognizes the inalienable rights of na-
tionality, the rights of minorities .and the
sanctity of religious belief and practice.
"It lays the basis for conventions wnica
shall free the commercial intercourse 9f .tne
world from unjust and vexatious restrictions
and for every sort of international co-opera-
tion that will serve to cleanse the life of the
world and facilitate its common action in
beneficent service of every kind.
"It furnishes guaranties such as were never
given or even contemplated for the fair treat-
ment of all who labor »i the daily tasks of
the world.
"It is for this reason that I have spoken
of it as a great charter for a new order of
affairs. There is ground here for deep satis-
faction, universal r
RETURN TO AMERICA.
President and Mrs. Wilson left Paris at
9.45 p. m.. June 28, on the first stage of their
homeward journey. They were accompanied to
Brest by Gen. Leorat and Col. Lobez. the presi-
dent's French aids, and by Stephen Pichon,
French foreign minister; George Leygues,
French minister 'of marine, and Capt. Andre
Tardieu. a member of the French peace delega-
tion. The president was cheered by a crowd
of about 1.000 persons who gathered to wit-
ness his departure. Brest was reached the
next morning and after the presidential party
had boarded the George Washington the voy-
age across the Atlantic was begun. Many of
the civilian attaches of the American delega-
tion were in the party returning to America.
Some 2.500 American troops were carried, in-
cluding a part of the president's guard of
honor in Paris. The ship was escorted by the
euperdreadnought Oklahoma and four destroy-
ers.
July 4 Speech to Troops.
The Fourth of July was spent at sea and
the president took occasion to celebrate the
day by a brief address to the soldiers aboard
his ship. He said :
"It is very delightful to find myself here
and in this company. I know that a great
many of you have been homesick on the
other side of the water, but I did not be-
lieve a man among you has been as home-
sick as I have, and it is with profound de-
light that I find myself bound westward again
for the country we all love and are trying
300
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
to serve, and when I was asked to make
a speech and sat down and tried to think
of what I should say, I found that the sug-
gestions of this Fourth of July crowded into
my mind in such a way that they could not
be set in order, because this Fourth of July
has a significance that no preceding .Fourth
of July ever had. not even the first. I think
that we can look back upon the history of
the years that separate us from the first
Fourth of July with very great satisfaction,
because we have kept the vision in America,
we have kept the promise to ourselves that
we would maintain a regime of liberty and
constitutional government.
"We have made errorg of judgment, we
have committed errors of action, but we
have always tried to correct the errors when
we have made them. We have always triea
to get straight in the road again lor that
goal for which we set out in those famous
•days when America was made a government.
So there has always been abundant justifi-
cation for what was not self-glorification, but
self -congratulation in our Fourth of July cele-
brations.
"I was proud of our men when I could not
see them, and now that I have mixed with
them and have seen them I am prouder of
them still, lor they are men to the core and
I am glad to have had Europe see this speci-
men of our manhood.
"I am proud to know now the men who
performed the least conspicuous services and
the humblest services, and performed them
just as well as the men who performed the
conspicuous services and the most complicated
and difficult. I will not say that the men
were worthy of their officers: I will say that
the officers were worthy of their men. They
sprang out of the ranks, they were like the
ranks, and all, rank and file, were specimens
of America.
"And you know what has happened.! Hav-
ing sampled America that way, Europe be-
lieves in ahd trusts America. Is not that
your own personal experience and observa-
tion? In all the counsels at Paris, whenever
they wanted to send soldiers anywhere and
not have the people jealous of their presence
they suggested that we should send Americans
there, because they knew that everywhere in
Europe we were believed to be the friends of
the countries where we sent garrisons and
where we sent forces of supervision. We were
welcomed. Am I not, therefore, justified in
eaying that we have fulfilled our pledge to
humanity? We have proved that we were
the champions of liberty throughout the
world, that we did not wish to keep it as a
selfish and private possession of our own.
but wanted to share it with men everywhere
and of every kind. When you look forward
to the future do you not see what a com-
pulsion that puts upon us?
"You cannot earn a reputation like that
and then not live up to it. You cannot reach
a standard like that and then lay it down
by never so little. Every man of us has to
live up to it. The welcome that was given
to our arms and the cheers that received us
are the compulsion that is now put upon us
to continue to be worthy of that welcome
and of those cheers.
"We must continue to put America at the
service of mankind, not for any profit we
shall get out of it. not for any private benefit
we shall reap from it. but because we be-
lieve in the right and mean to serve it wher-
ever we have a chance to serve.
"I was thinking- to-day that a new freedom
"has come to the peoples of the world out of
this war. It has no date. It has no Fourth
of July. There has nowhere been written a
declaration of independence. The only date I
can think of for this is the llth of last
November, when the central powers admitted
they were beaten and accepted an armistice.
From that time they knew they had to sub-
mit to the terms of liberty, and perhaps some
of these days we shall date the freedom of
the peoples from the llth of November. 1'918.
"And yet if that be not the date of it. it
interests my thoughts to think that as it has
no date for beginning we should see to it
that it has no date 'lor ending. If it began
without term it should end without term, and
that in every counsel we enter into, in every
force we contribute to, we shall make it a
condition that the liberty of men throughout
the world shall be served and that America
shall continue to redeem her pledge to hu-
manity and to mankind.
"Why. America is made up of mankind.
We do not come from any common stock. We
do not ccme from any single nation. The
character of America is that it is made up of
the best contributed out of all nations. Some-
times when I am in the presence of an Amer-
ican citizen who was an immigrant to Amer-
ica, I think that he has a certain advantage
over me. I did not choose to be an Ameri-
can, but he did. I was born to it. I hope if
I had not been I would have had sense
enough to choose it. But the men who <:ame
afterward deliberately chose to be Ameri ans.
"They came out of other countries and said:
'We cast our lot with you, we believe in you.
and will live with you.' A country made up
like that ought to understand other nations. It
ought to know how to fraternize with and
assist them. It is already the friend of man-
kind, because it is made up put of all people,
and it ought to redeem its lineage. It ought
to show that it is playing for no private hand.
It ought to show that it is trying to serve all
the stocks of mankind from which it itself is
bred. And, more than that, my fellow coun-
trymen, we ought to continue to prove that
we know what freedom is.
"Freedom is not a mere sentiment. We all
feel the weakness of mere sentiment. If a
man professes to be fine, we always wait for
him to show it. We do not take his word
for it. If he professes fine motives, we expect
him thereafter to show that he is acting upon
fine motives. And the kind of freedom that
America has always represented is a freedom
expressing itself in fact. It is not the pro-
fession of principles merely, but the redemp-
tion of those principles, making good on
those principles, and knowing how to make
good on those principles.
"When I have thought of liberty I have
sometimes thought of how we deceived our-
selves. In the war we talked about it. Some
people talk as if liberty meant the right to
do anything you please. Well, in some sense
you have that right-^you have the right to
jump overboard, but if you do. this is what
will happen: Nature will say. 'You fool,
didn't you know the consequences? Didn't
you know that water will drown you?' You
can jump off the top of the mast, but when
you get down your liberty will be lost and
you will have lost it because it was not an
accident: you made a fool of yourself. The
sailor, when he is sailing a ship, talks about
running her free in the wind. Does he mean
that she is resisting the wind? Throw her
up into the wind and see her canvas shake,
see her stand still, 'caught in irons,' as the
sailor says. But let her fall eff: she is free.
Free, why? Because she is obeying the laws
of nature, and she is a slave until she does.
And no man is free until he obeys the laws
of freedom. .
"The laws of freedom are these: Accommo-
date your interests to other people's interests:
that you shall not insist on standing in the (
light of other people, but that you shall make
a member of a team of yourself and nothing
more or less, and that the interests of the
team shall take precedence in everything that
you do to your interest as an individual.
"That is freedom, and men who live under
autocratic governments are not free, because
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 19:20.
the autocrat arranges the government to suit
himself. The minute he arranges it to suit
his subjects, then his subjects are free.
"But if I disobey the laws of freedom, if I
infringe on the rights of others, then I pres-
ently find m.vself deprived of my freedom.
"I am clapped in jail, it may be, and if my
Jailer is a philosopher he will say. 'You
broue-ht it upon yourseif. my dear fellow.
You were free to do rierht but you were not
is not so much your malice as your ignorance.'
"One reason why America has been free. I
take leave to say. is that America, has been
intelligent enouerh to be free. It takes a lot
of intelligence to be free. Stupid people do
not know how. and we all go to the school of
intelligence that comes put of the discipline
of our own self-chosen institutions.
"That is what makes you free, and my con-
fident ambition for the United States is that
Bhe will know in the future how to make
each Fourth of July as it comes grow more
distinguished and more glorious than its pred-
ecessor by showing that she. at any rate, un-
derstands the laws of freedom by understand-
ing the laws of service, and that mankind
may always confidently look to her as a
friend, as a co-operator, as one who will stand
shoulder to shoulder with free men everywhere
to assert the right. That is what I meant at
the outset of these few remarks by saying
that the suggestion of this Fourth of July
crowd was too thick and fast to be set in or-
der. This is the most tremendous Fourth of
July that men ever imagined, for we have
opened, its franchises to all the world."
Carnegie Hall Speech.
New York was reached July 8 and the presi-
dent after a welcome from the warships that
went out to sea to meet him, from government
and state officials and from craft in the har-
bor, landed at Hoboken. N. J.. and then pro-
ceeded to Carnegie hall in New York city, ar-
riving there at about 5:30 P. m. Mayor Hylan
and Gov. Smith extended to him the greetings
of New York city and state, after which the
president spoke as follows:
"Fellow Countrymen: I am not going to
try to make you a Teal speech. I am a bit
alarmed to find how many speeches I have in
my system undelivered, but they are all
speeches that come from the mind and I want
to say to you this afternoon only a few words
from the heart.
"You have made me deeply happy by the
generous welcome you have extended to me,
but I do not believe that the welcome you
extended to me is half as great as that which
I estend to you. Why, Jerseyman though I
am this is the first time I ever thought that
Hoboken was beautiful.
"I have really, though I have tried on the
other side of the water to conceal it. been
the most homesick man in the American ex-
peditionary force, and it is with feelings that
it would be vain for me to try to express that
I find myself in this beloved country again.
I do not say that because I lack admiration
of other countries.
"There have been many things that soft-
ened my homesickness. One of the chief
things that softened it was the very generous
welcome that they "extended to me as your
representative on the other side of the water.
And it was still more softened by the pride
that I had in discoveriner thnt America h<"d at
last convinced the world of her true char-
"I was welcome because they had seen with
their own eyes what America had done for
the world. They had deemed her selfish. They
had deemed her devoted to material interests.
And they had seen her boys come across the
water with a vision even more beautiful than
that which they conceived when they had
entertained dreams of liberty and peace.
"And then I had the added pride of finding
out by personal observation the kind of men.
we had sent over. I had crossed the seas
with the kind of men who had taken them
over, without whom they could not have
gone to Europe, and then when I got there I
saw that army of men. that army of clean
men, that army of men devoted to the high
interests of humanity, that army that one
was glad to point out and say: These are
my fellow countrymen.'
"It softens the homesickness a good deal
to have so much of home along with you. and
these boys were constantly reminding me of
home. They did not walk the streets like
anybody else. I do not mean that they
walked the streets self-assertively. They did
not.
"They walked the streets as if they knew
that they belonged wherever free men lived,
that they were welcome in the great republic
of France and were comrades with the other
armies that had helped to win the great bat-
tle and to show the great sacrifice. Because
it is a wonderful thing for this nation, hith-
erto isolated from the large affairs of the
world, to win not only the universal confi-
dence of the people of the world but their
universal affections.
"And that, and nothing less than that, is
what has happened. Wherever it was sug-
gested that troops should be sent and it was
desired that troops of occupation should ex-
cite no prejudice, no uneasiness on the part
of those to whom they were sent, the men
who represented the other nations came to
me and asked me to send American soldiers.
They not only implied but they said that the
presence of American soldiers would be known
not to mean anything except friendly protec-
tion and assistance. Do you wonder that it
made our hearts swell with pride to realize
these things?
"But while these things 5n some degree
softened my homesickness they made me all
the more eager to get home, where the rest
of the folks live: to get home where the great
dynamo of national energy was situated: to
get home where the great purposes of na-
tional action were formed and to be allowed
to take part in the counsels and in the ac-
tions which -were formed and to be taken
by this great nation, which from first to last
has followed the vision of the men who set
it up and created it.
"We have had our eyes very close upon our
task at times, but whenever we lifted them
we were accustomed to lift them to a distant
horizon. We were aware that the peoples of
the earth had turned their faces toward us as
those who were friends of freedom and of
right, and whenever we thought of national
policy and of its relation upon the affairs of
the world we knew we were under bonds to
do the large thing and the right thing.
"It is a privilege, therefore, beyond all com-
putation for a man. whether in a great capac-
ity or a small, to take part in the counsels
and in the resolutions of a people like this. I
am afraid some people, some persons, do not
understand that vision. They do not see it.
They have looked too much upon the ground.
They have thought too much of their neigh-
bors. I have never had a moment's doubt as
to where the heart and purpose of this people
lay
"When any one on the other side of the
water has raised the question. 'Will America
come in and help?' I have said: 'Of course
America will come in and help. She cannot
do anything else: she will not disappoint any
high hope that has been formed of her. Least
of all will she in this day of newborn liberty
all over the world fail to extend her hand to
support and assist those who have been made
free.'
"I wonder if at this distance you can have
got anv oonception of the tragio intensity
of the feeling of those peoples in Europe who
302
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
have just had yokes thrown off of them. Have
you reckoned up in your mind how many peo-
ples, how many nations, were held unwillingly
under the yoke of the Austro-Hungarian em-
pire, under the yoke of Turkey, under the
yoke of Germany?
"These yokes have been thrown off. These
people breathe the air and look around to see
a new day dawn about them and whenever
they think of what is going- to fill that day
with action they think first of us. They
think first of the friends who through the long
years have spoken for them, who were privi-
leged to declare that they came into the war
to release them, who said that they would not
make peace upon any other terms than their
liberty, and they have known that America s
presence in the war and in the conference was
the guaranty of the result.
"The governor has spoken of a great task
ended. Yes. the formulation of the peace is
ended, but it creates only a new .task just be-
guu. I believe that if you will study the
peace you will see that it is a just peace
and a peace which, il it can be preserved, will
save the world from unnecessary bloodshed.
"And now the great task is to preserve it.
I have come back with my heart full of en-
thusiasm for throwing everything that I can.
by way of influence or action, in with you to
see that the peace is preserved: that when the
long reckoning comes men may look back
uoon this generation of America and say:
"TLey were true to the vision which they saw
at their birth.1 "
Arrival in Washington.
After the bpeech in Carnegie hall President
Wilson and his p^rty boarded a special train
and left for Washington. The capital was
reached at a late hour, but a crowd estimated
at 100,000 was in and around the Pennsyl-
vania railroad station to greet the returning
executive, who had been away for seven
mouths, with the exception of a few days at
the end of February and the beginning of
March. Responding to an address of welcome
the president said:
"I came home confident that the people of
the United States were for the league of na-
tions, but to receive this immediate assur-
ance of it in to-night's reception is particu
larJy. pleasing to me. It makes, my homecom-
ftt
iui
this time, and everything I have seen since I
sighted land until now has made me gladder
ing just that much more delightful. I never
have been quite so eager to get home as I was
rythim "
and gladder that I am home. No country
can possibly look so good as this country
looks to me.'1
Thus ended President Wilson's memorable
European campaign in the interest of world
democracy and world peace.
EUROPEAN GIFTS TO PRESIDENT WILSON.
Reports circulated by persons inimical to
the president and referred to by his oppo-
nents in the United States senate that he and
Mrs. Wilson while in Europe had received
gifts from royal and other personages amount-
ing in value to millions of dollars led him to
direct his secretary to prepare and publish an
itemized list of the presents received. The
list, made public by Joseph P. Tumulty Oct.
6. 1919, was as follows:
"Outside of a considerable number of small
gifts, such as books, walking sticks, an old
silver dish found in the ruins of Louvain.
war souvenirs made by soldiers or out of war
material, and numerous medals struck off in
hie honor, the following are the only im-
portant gifts received by the president in Eu-
rope:
"In England— Photograph of the king- and
queen of England.
"A book relating1 to Windsor castle.
"The freedom of the city of London, pre-
sented in a gold casket, by the lord mayor
at the Guildhall.
"In Italy — A water color picture on bronze
easel, presented by the queen of Italy.
"A bronze figure presented at the capitol
in Rome (a gift from the people).
"A figure of 'Italia Victoria,' sent to the
train at Genoa, either by a school or by
the citizens of Genoa.
"A set of books from the citizens of Genoa.
"A mosaic, presented by the pope.
"In France— A bronze figure, presented by a
body of students.
"Knowing that there is a constitutional in-
hibition against the president's receiving- gifts
from foreign rulers or states, the president,
after consulting the secretary of state, was
preparing a list of the presents he intended to
ask the permission of congress to retain just
before he started on his western tnip.
"In addition to the gifts received by the
president, the following tokens were presented
to Mrs. Wilson while she was in Europe:
"In France— A pin of Parisian enamel with
tiny diamond chips, presented in the hotel de
Ville by the city of Paris.
"Linen hand embroidered luncheon set
(small cloth and dozen napkins) in a case,
presented through Mme. Poincare and Mme.
Pichon by the working women of France.
"In Belgium— A small medal by Cardinal
Mercier.
"A Belgian lace table cover, presented by
the queen.
"A complete file of the Libre Belgique
( the paper publi shed during the German oc-
cupation), presented by the king, in leather
folder.
"In Italy— A reproduction of the 'Wolf and
Romulus and Remus,' in gold, presented by
the people through private subscription.
"A piece of lace in leather case, presented
by Sigr. Orlando in behalf of 'his colleagues.'
"A small reproduction in silver of a
pitcher found in the ruins of Pompeii."
Dec.
CHRONOLOGY.
1918.
-President Wilson sails for Europe.
Dec. 13 — Arrives at Brest, France.
Dec. 14— Arrives in Paris; welcomed by Presi-
dent Poincare.
Dec. 15 — Lays wreath on tomb of Lafayette.
Dec. 16 — Given official luncheon in city hall.
Dec. 17— Confers with Marshal Foch.
Dec. 18— Holds first conference with American
Dec. lf£-Receives visit from King Victor Em-
manuel of Italy.
Dec. 20 — Returns visit of king of Italy.
Dec. 21 — Delivers address at the Sorbonne.
Dec. 22 — Visits Red Cross hospitals.
Dec. 25— Reviews and addresses American
troops at Humes: leaves for Lpndon.
Dec. 26— Arrives in London and is welcomed
by King George and Queen Mary.
Dec. 27— Has conference with Premier Lloyd
George and Foreign Minister Balfour; given
state banquet in Buckingham palace.
Dec. 28— Makes addresses in Guildhall and
Mansion House, London.
Dec. 29— Visits Carlisle and arrives in Man-
Dec. 30— Makes address in Free Trade hall.
Manchester.
Dec. 31— Returns to Pans.
1919.
Jan. 1— Leaves Paris for Rome. Italy.
Jan. 2— Arrives at Genoa.
Jan. 3— Arrives in Rome; made citizen of City:
makes address in parliament.
Jan. 4— Visits pope, addresses Academy of Sci-
ence: lays wreaths on tombs of King Victor
Emmanuel II. and King Humbert.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
303
of
Jan. 5— Welcomed in Milan: lays wreaths on
Columbus and Mazzini monuments in Genoa
Jan. 6— Visits Turin; greeted by 1.000 mayors
of Italian towns.
Jan. 7 — Arrives in Paris.
Jan. 20 — Addresses French senate.
Jan. 25 — Makes address to delegation
French working- women.
Jan. 26— Visits battle fields at Chateau Thierry
•and Reims.
Feb. 3— Makes address before chamber of
deputies.
Feb. 14— Leaves Paris for a brief visit to the
United States.
Feb. 15 — Sails on the George Washington for
Boston.
Feb. 2-1— Arrives at Boston and speaks in
Mechanics' hall.
Feb. 25 — Arrives in Washington. D. C.
March 3— Speaks at conference of governors
and mayors in Washington.
March 4 — Attends closing session of congress:
epeaks at Metropolitan opera house in New
York in evening.
March 5 — Sails from New York on the George
Washington for Europe.
March 13— Arrives at Brest. France.
March 14 — Arrives at Paris.
March 15-June 28— Continues peace conference
work.
May 9-;-Addresses International Law associa-
tion in Paris.
May 10— Speaks at session of Academy ol
Moral and Political Sciences.
May 26— Speaks at dinner given to President-
Elect Pessoa of Brazil.
May 29— Sends Memorial day message to
America.
May 30— Makes Memorial day address at
American cemetery at Suresnes. near Paris.
June 17— Leaves Paris for visit to Belgium.
June 18— Motors with King Albert through
large part of Belgium; arrives in Brussels.
June 19— Visits Charleroi, Louvain and other
places: meets Cardinal Mercier. Burgamaster
Max and others; speaks in Belgian chamber
of deputies.
June 26— Speaks at dinner given in his honor
by President Poincare.
June 28 — Attends signing of peace treaty:
issues statements to the people of France
and America; leaves for Brest.
June 29— Sails on the George Washington for
New York.
July 4 — Makes July 4- address to soldiers on
the Georg-e Washington.
July 8— Arrives at New Yo»-k and speaks in
Carnegie hall; arrives in Washington.
MODERN SUPERSTITIONS.
Prof. Edmund S. Conklin. al
inquiries to the students of th
Oregon as to superstitions infh
any degree, received 557 rep
tabulated thus:
Total.
No. Pet. ]
Knocking on wood 92 31
Sour leaf clover 79 26
reams prophetic 59 9ft
ter senc
e Unive
icncing
lies, wl
Male.
Sfo. Pet.
20 19
7 7
9 8
21 20
7 7
5 5
0 0
11 10
9 8
5 5
5 5
12 10
0 0
0 0
7 7
7 7
1 . .
3 3
4 4
0 0
1 - -
ing
rsity
them
lich
Fern
No.]
72
72
5O
17
27
29
'29
17
16
20
15
8
14
13
6
5
8
6
5
6
5
2
out
of
in
he
ale.
?ct.
37
37
26
9
14
15
15
9
io8
8
4
7
7
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
1
Total.
No. Pet.
Five leaf clover un-
Male. 1
No. Pet. ]
0 0
1
"•ems
<Jo.I
5
4
0
4
3
1
3
2
2
3
0
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
lie.
>ct.
3
2
0
2
2
2
1
1
2
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wish upon simultaneous
remark 5
2
Third smoke lighted
from same match 5
Spilling of salt cause of
quarrel .... 4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
0
1
3
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
I
2
2
2
2
7
5
0
'3
0
'6
3
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
7
Number 13 ...38
13
11
11
10
9
8
8
7
7
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
Sing before breakfast
cry before night 4
Horseshoe 4
Opening umbrella in
house 34
Fortune telling (cards,
tea cup palm) 34
Dog howling at night
death sign .... 3
Sleep on wedding cake. 29
Black cats 28
Drop fork, company
coming (or knife)... 3
Cutting finger nails on
Sunday 3
Post coming between
two walking 25
Picking1 up pins 25
Opals lucky or unlucky 3
Fear cemetery after
dark 3
Friday or Friday the
13th 20
Walking under a lad-
der 20
Removing another's ring
breaks friendship 2
Knife cuts friendship.. 2
Bird entering house-
death or bad luck 2
Flipping coin for de-
cision 2
Breaking wish bone.... 14
Wishing on stars 13
Moon over shoulder,
through trees, etc. . . 13
Premonitions 12
Breaking mirrors 9
Hoodoos. jinxes and
Toe stubbed, unlucky.. 2
Number 23 ... 2
'4
Good beginning, bad
ending 2
Number 3 9
Wishing on load of hay. 6
Weather signs (ground-
hog etc) 6
Lending to player in
same poker game .... 2
Moon phase affecting
vegetable growth 2
Not definitely stated... 11
Carrying implement
through house 6
2
4
4
HENRY FORD-CHICAGO TRIBUNE LIBEL CASE.
On June 23. 1916, The Chicago Tribune
printed an editorial entitled "Ford Is an An-
archist" in which Henry Ford of Detroit was
criticized for views and actions concerning
military preparedness, pacifism and recruiting
for the national guard and army. The manu-
facturer filed suit in the Federal court in
Chicago, claiming 51,000,000 damages. Later
his counsel withdrew it and instituted pro-
ceedings in the state court at Detroit. The
Tribune applied for a change of venue and
Judge James G. Tucker of the Circuit court
of Macomb county, at Mount Clemens. Mich
was agreed upon to hear the case. The selec-
tion of the jury, which began May 12, 1919
the taking of testimony and the arguments'
consumed almoat exactly three months and it
was not until Aug. 14 that the trial ended.
After being out twelve hours the jury, which
was composed of eleven farmers and one road
maker, returned a verdict awarding Mr. Ford
6 cents damages. The transcript of the testi-
mony in the case approximated 2,000 000
304
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
[Compiled by the
State.
Election
POPULAR VOTE FOR
bureau Of statistics from
Washin^tor
Rep. Dem. Prog
Hughes. Wilaon. <
22 809 99 409
Returns.
PRESIDENT (1916).
reports on file in the department of state,
i. D. C.]
Pro. Soc. S.-L. . ^-Pluralities-^ tTotal
Hanly. Benson, beiuiir Deill. Kep. VOtf
1.034 1.925 76.600 131.177
1.153 3.174 12.646 58.021
2015 6,999 65.000 .. IRS sin
20.524 33.170
47 148 112 148
462 394 466 200
27 698 43 259
3 806 999*551
102 308 178 816
2.793 10.049
1.789 5.179 606
566 480
76.508 293*966
6.728 213.874
1,258 51 810
106 514 99 786
26011 24753
Florida
14 611 55 984
4 855 6 353
41 373 . . 80 808
11.225 125,845 20.653
*967 .
114.620 158*690
14.686 . . 134 615
Idaho
55 368 70 054
1127 8.066
Illinois
. . 1 152 549 950 229
26.047 61.394 2,488
16.368 21.855 1.659
3 371 10 976
202 320 2 192 707
341 005 334 063 3 898
. 6 942 718 848
280 449 221 699
58 750 516 495
.... 277 658 314 588
12.882 24.685
3,036 4.734 333
....... 292
36.930 ...!... 629*813
28.136 519947
241.854 269990
6466 79875 6349
73.409 . . 92 982
Maine
69 506 64 127
597 2 177
5 379 136 407
117 347 138 359
2.903 2.674 756
2.993 11.058 1.097
8 139 16 120 ....
21 012 262 059
„ 268784 247885
20 899 531 817
Michigan
.... 339 097 285 151 . .
53 946 648 507
179 544 179 152 290
7.793 20.117 468
1.484
3.884 14.612 902
... 9 564
39° 387 364
Mississippi .. ..
4.253 80,422
76.169 . 86*159
369 339 398 025 . . .
28 686 786*763
. . 66 750 101 063 298
34.313 177*675
41 570 286 177
Nebraska
117 257 158 827
2 952 7 141
12 127 17 776 . ...
348 3065
5 649 33*316
43723 43779
303 1 318 ... .
56 89*123
269 352 211 645
3,187 10.462 890
112 1.999
19,031 45.944 2,666
51 490
57 707 495 536
31 163 33 693 ....
2.530 ...!... 66.' 967
. 109 689 1 706 354
New York
869 115 759 426 10 172
North Carolina
120 988 168 383
47.395 ...I... '2891912
North Dakota ....
53471 55.206
Ohio
514753 604161
8 080 38 092 . ,
89 408 1 165 086
Oklahoma
97 ?33 148 113 234
1 646 45 190
50.880 ' 292, 418
6 726 261 340
126813 120,087
4.729 9,711
703 734 521 784
28.525 42.637 417
470 1.914 180
135
181 950 1 297 097
44 gag 40 394
4.464 87,816
60.296 63,531
5 026 128 942
1 550 61 846
South Dakota .. ..
64 217 59,191
1.774 3,760
116 223 153 282
147 2.542
1.985 18.963
149 4.460 144
709 798 ...
37.059 ...'.... 272'.194
221.515 372.461
29 888 142 918
64 999 286 514
Utah
54 137 84 025
Vermont . .
40 250 22 708
17 542 64 465
Virginia
49 356 102 894 . ,
783 1.060 67
6.868 22,800 730
175 6.140
53 468 153*990
Washington
167.244 183,388
16 144 381 030
West Virginia
143.124 140.403
221 323 193 042
2 721 289 842
7.166 27.846
373 1.453
28.281 449.377
6.618 51,840
Wyoming
21.698 28.316
Total
8 538 221 9 199 606 41 894
220.506 585.113 13.403
or void ballots or vot
n the table.
jn, 1917, 2,363,939)
Popu' t-on.
35964 Cullman
25467 Dale .
1.362.105 770.720 18.528.743
es cast for names not ap-
Wilson. Hughes. Benson. H&nlr
1396 1351 9 7
1260 597 4 9
T565 23 7 4
1787 1190 33 14
1631 147 9 7
t82 108 3 —
83 862 73 7
1026 697 18 15
1044 984 39 7
'tl 71g 22 »
795 15 1 2
860 141 27 5
1670 466 46 14
lfX)7 567 32 16
10677 2052 296 95
1299 303 4 29
1678 369 47 13
995 43 4 116
1369 42 30 5
1450 92 19 13
540 911
575 43 2
Plurality
591.385
tFigures do not include blank
the electoral tickets specified i
ALABAMA (Populati
/ President 1916 \
Dem. Rep. Soc. Pro.
Wilson. Hughes. Benson. Hanly
.... 773 99 11 5
.... 766 216 148 10
1235 45 13 12
*No candidate,
pearing on any of
Counties.
PopU,a«cn (67)
21589 Autaugrn .
21816 Baldwin . .
32728 Barbour
53401 Dallas .
31693 DeKalb
29810 Elmore
25926 Bibb ..
. 1247 217 106 17
24413 Escambia
47685 Etowah .
17792 Fayette .
21456 Blount .
. 1488 1229 26 6
30196 Bullock ..
31417 Butler ....
42210 Calhoun ..
38612 Chambers .
20226 Cherokee .
28053 Chilton
743 42 —
... 1162 78 6 3
. . . 2231 4*2 29 25
... 1679 168 7 14
... 1136 508 27 5
881 1363 40 14
21454 Franklin .
30915 Geneva
22717 Greene ..
27883 Hale
24684 Henry
38204 Houston
34678 Jackson
289293 Jefferson ...
18512 Lamar
34130 Lauderdale .
23341 Lawrence ...
33626 Lee ..
18736 Choctaw .
33321 Clarke .,
23857 Clay
13516 Cleburne .
29876 Coffee .
... 765 21 12 2
,. 1397 25 12 —
... 1196 677 1 3
... 760 578 5 9
.. 2029 426 17 4
26598 Colbert ..
1132 352 44 1
24294 Conecuh .
16992 Coosa
44372 Coving-ton
25974 Crenshaw .
... 1036 42 17 2
.... 867 485 34 3
... 1738 305 107 24
.... 1427 139 5
30161 Limestone ..
31894 Lowndes
28184 Macon .
ALMANAC, AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
305
.
2206
1491
1325
944
2968
1029
3316
2120
895
1179
1789
1324
752
1311
987
770
1539
1892
2437
2314
500
866
727
Ihirhrr
215
19
807
1183
832
17
106
364
20
218
50
652
3
1428
851
8
447
129
218
1860
32
1
1107
Benson.
45
1
1
33
75
2
19
44
12
18
11
4
4
8
53
6
4
33
41
107
6
Hani?
8
1
8
10
21
1
11
38
1
4
Population.
49478 Madison
41097 Marengo
19684 Marion
32395 Marshall
94074 Mobile
29700 Monroe
89573 Montgomery
37400 Morgan
31222 Perry
25531 Pickets
32012 Pike
26858 Randolph
25937 Russell
29331 Shelby
20715 St. Clair
28699 Sumter
39488 Talladegra ..
32025 Tallapoosa ..
55888 Tuscaloosa .
45663 Walker
16876 "Washington.
33810 Wilcox ....
15263 Winston
Total 9940928809 1925 1102
Plurality 70600
Per cent ....75.7521.96 1.47 .82
Total vote... 131245
For president in 1912 Wilson. Dem., received
82.438 votes: Roosevelt. Prog.. 22.680: Taft.
Rep.. 9.732 and Debs. Soc.. 3.029.
In 1918 Thomas E. Kirby. Dem., was elected
governor and J. H. Bankhead, Dem., U. S.
senator.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Choctaw, Clarke, Marengo.
Mobile. Monroe and Washington.
John McDuffie. Dem ....3,721
2. The counties of Baldwin, Butler. Conecuh,
Covington, Crenshaw, Escambia, Montgomery,
Pike and Wilcox.
S. H. Dent. Jr.. Dem 5,717
3. The counties of Barbour, Bullock. Coffee. Dale,
Geneva. Henry. Houston, Lee and Russell.
Henry B. Steagall, Dem 5.868
4. The counties of Calhoun, Chilton, Cleburne,
Dallas. Shelby and Talladega.
Fred L. Blackmon, Dem 4,266
J. A. Bingham, Rep 2,183
5. The counties of Autauga, Chambers. Clay,
Coosa, Elmore, Lowndes. Macon, Randolph and
Tallapoosa.
J. Thomas Heflin, Dem 6,254
6. The counties of Bibb, Greene, Hale, Perry,
Sumter and Tuscaloosa.
W. B. Oliver. Dem 2,741
7. The counties of Cherokee, Cullman, DeKalb,
Etowah, Blount. Marshall and St. Clair.
John L. Burnett. Dem 7.221
O. D. Street, Rep 5,622
8. The counties of Colbert, Lauderdale, Lawrence,
Limestone, Madison, Morgan and Jackson.
E. B. Almon. Dem 5,598
9. The county of Jefferson.
Georg-e Huddleston, Dem 6,338
J. O. Thompson, Rep 1,051
10. The counties of Pickens, Fayette, Franklin,
Lamar, Marion, Winston and Walker.
W. B. Bankhead. Dem 5.765
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 34 100 134
Republicans 1 5 6
State Officers. (All democrats.)
overnor — Thomas E. Kilby.
Secretary of State— William P. Cobb.
State Treasurer— R. L. Bradley.
ARIZONA (Population, 1917, 263,788).
Counties. , President 1916
Population (14) Dem. Rep. Soc. Pro
in !• 17. Wi son Hughes. Beuson.
9853 Apache 648 311 16
53089 Cochise 61H5 3203 694
1004 J Coconino 1171 802 77
22993 Gila 3686 1495 510
11707 Graham 1597 497 119
18894 Greenlee 1492 672 156
44731 Maricopa 7634 5747 574
4026 Mohave 1335 643 243
13399 Navajo 1240 574 25
28751 Pima 2079 2616 150
9968 Pinal 1232 855 60
8387 Santa Cruz 726 666 42
17598 Yavapai 2«93 1716 331
10391 Yuma 1322 727 177
anly
5
120
22
42
44
14
685
5
42
77
32
8
43
14
Total 33170 20524 3174 1153
Plurality 12646
Per cent 56.16 35.37 5.47 1.98
Total vote 58021
For president in 1912 Wilson. Dem., received
10.174 votes; Taft, Rep.. 2.975: Roosevelt,
Prog-.. 6,881: Debs, Soc.. 3,139: Chafin, Pro..
265.
For Governor, 1918.
Thomas B. Campbell, Rep 25,927
Fred T. Colter. Dem 25,588
George D. Smith, Soc 444
For Representative in Congress, If) IS
Carl Hayden. Dem 26.885
Thomas Maddock. Rep 16.822
P. T. Robinson, Soc 754
Legislature.
Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 14 26
Republicans 5
State Officers.
Governor — Thomas E. Campbell, Rep.
Secretary of State— Mit Simms, Dem.
State Auditor— Jesse L. Boyce. Dem.
State Treasurer— Harry S. Ross, Dem.
Attorney -General— Wiley E. Jones, Dem.
Supt. Public Instruction— C. O. Case. Dem.
State Mine Inspector— G. H. Boliu. Dem.
ARKANSAS (Population, 1917,
Counties.
(75)
134
18021
23792
•25845
23034,
12193
34781
10705
28870
31339
16681
18958
26397
15331
leveland . . .
lumbia . . .
nway
raighead ..
rawf ord
rittenden . . ,
ross
alias
Desha
Drew
Faulkner
Franklin
Fulton
Garland
Grant
Greene
Hempstead . ,
Hot Spring- .
Howard
Independence
Izard
1,766,343).
-Pres. 1916-^
Dem. Rep.
Wilson Huehes
1119 613
1518 462
908 316
3106 1289
1412 598
1159 314
929 273
1512 1034
561 473
1797 824
1949 971
862 271
1126 230
2073 720
1401 1030
1951 543
1623 1195
562 89
927 252
1146 524
960 369
1626 836
2030 81.6
1671 582
1096 388
1669 1055
954 188
2283 529
2097 1225
l-i29 645
1317 545
19.S7
1267
285
306
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
\Vi!i
27236 Jackson 1349
61320 Jefferson 2172
21341 Johnson 1477
14946 Laiayette
22562 Lawrence
j.^ t
ifo
06
2770& Lee 848
16380 Lincoln 884
13597 Little River 842
30173 Logan 2016
31954 Lonoks 2176
16056 Madison 1456
10203 Marion 781
21012 Miller 1418
40748 Miss.ssippi 1249
22164 Monroe 741
13346 Montgomery 937
21342 Nevada 1375
1061-3 Newton 550
22417 Ouachita 1390
10940 Perry 976
38625 Phillips 1466
14217 Pike 1177
17001 Poinsett 1174
17216 POlk 1240
26580 Pope 2147
15296 Prairie 1061
106083 Pulaski 6004
20323 Randolph 1553
17117 Saline 1567
15520 Scott 1362
16894 Scarcy 629
63478 Sebastian 3716
16818 Sevier 1262
11688 Sharp 971
26483 St. Francis 960
9563 Stone 681
36728 Union 1689
15179 Van Buren 1269
33889 Washington 2922
31281 White 2815
22781 Woodruff 935
28930 Yell .. 2099
Total 111957 47148
Plurality 64809
Percent 66.65 28.04
Total vote 168780
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
68.838: Tail, Rep.. 24,467. and Roosevelt.
Pros., 21.673 votes.
For president in 1916 Benson. Soc.. received
6.999 votes and Hanly. Pro., 2.015. For presi-
dent in 1912 Chafin. Pro., received 898 votes
and Debs. Soc., 8,153.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Joe T. Robinson. Dem 78,377
For Governor, 1918.
Charles H. Brough. Dem 68.192
Clay Fulks, Soc 4.792
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Clay. Craighead. Crittenden, Cross,
Greene, Lee. Mississippi, Phillips, Poinsett, St.
Fraacis and Woodruff.
T. H. Caraway. Dem 10.343
2. Counties of Stone, Sharp, Randolph, Lawrence,
Fulton, Izard, Independence, White. Cleburue.
Jackson, Prairie and Monroe.
W. A. Oldfifld. Dem 10,775
3. Counties of Washington. Benton. Madison
Carroll, Newton. Boone, Searcy, Baxter, Marion
and Van Buren.
J. N. Tillman. Dem 14,995
4. Counties of Crawford. Logan, Sebastian, Scott.
Polk. Sevier, Howard. Pike, Little River.
Miller and Montgomery.
Otis A. Wingo. Dem 12,279
6. Counties of Franklin, Johnson, Pope. Yell,
Oonway. Faulkner, Perry and Pulaski.
H. M. Jacoway. Dem 11,045
6. Counties of Desha, Garland, Hot Springs, Sa-
line. Dallas. Grant, Cleveland. Lincoln, Drew.
Jefferson, Arkansas and Lonoke.
Samuel M. Taylor, Dem 10,443
7. Counties of Hempstead. Clark, Nevada, Colum-
bia. Union. Ouachita, Calhoun. Bradley. Ash-
ley. Chicot and Lafayette.
W. 8. Goodwin. Dein ........................ 8.962
Legislature.
The legislature has four republicans ; remainder
democrats.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — Charles H. Brough.
Secretary of State — Tom J. Terral.
Treasurer — Joe Ferguson.
CAJLFORNIA (Population, 1917, 3,029,039).
Counties. . , - President 1916 - N
Population ioa> Rep. Dem. Soc.
330758 Alameda ..... 51417
309 Alpine ......... 60
9086 Amador ........ 1209
34734 Butte ........... 3956
9171 Calaveras ....... 1175
8000 Colusa .......... 1011
41623 Contra Costa... 5731
499
1068
11707
1342
43748
23
1766
4888
1524
1998
6092
471
1755
14241
1797
4103
3273
966
9566
2905
1164
1323
5439
2424 Del Noite
7492 El Dorado
103245 Fresno
8648 Glenn
38787 Humboldt ...... 5786
22286 Imperial ....... 2694
8871 Inyo ............ 846
53215 Kern ............ 5611
20872 Kings ........... 2221
5526 Lake ........... 791
5014 Lassen .......... 877
447816 Los Angeles ____ 135554 114070
9831 Madera ......... 1323 1880
31895 Marin .......... 4328 3789
3956 Mariposa ...... 451 802
26458 Mendocino ..... 3494 3371
19479 Merced ......... 2132 2637
7005 Modoc .......... 768 1222
2042 Mono ........... 137 158
27624 Monterey ...... 3599 3878
22244 Napa ............ 3914 3088
14955 Nevada ......... 1586 2548
45195 Orange ......... 10609 6474
20025 Placer .......... 1954 3375
5699 Plumas ......... 663 1025
46957 Riverside ....... 7452 4561
83784 Sacramento .... 10696 14538
9068 San Bonito ...... 1440 1688
77711 San Bernardino. 11932 9398
82288 San Diego ....... 16978 H6815
471023 San Francisco.. 63093 78225
61882 San Joaquin.... 7861 11454
21387 San Luis Obispo 2854 3539
37162 San Mateo ...... 5207 4485
34164 Santa Barbara.. 4453 5198
100563 Santa Clara ..... 16592 14185
20517 Santa Cruz ...... 4228 4511
20088 Shasta .......... 2008 2828
4156 Sierra ........... 360 594
20142 Siskiyou ....... 2059 3447
30053 Solano ......... 3536 5678
55630 Sonoma ......... 9733 8377
31990 Stanislaus ..... 4401 5490
6650 Sutler .......... 1211 1543
11697 Tehama ........ 1739 2534
3301 Trinity ......... 424 661
47896 Tulare .......... 6845 7299
9979 Tuolumne ...... 1057 1584
21252 Ventura ........ 3980 2835
14150 Yolo ............ 2334 2922
11080 Yuba ....... 1530 1980
136
445
136
129
912
141
186
1675
109
1070
368
153
567
259
182
146
8097
187
425
Total 462516 466289 43263
Plurality 3773
Per cent 46.26 46.64 4.33
Total vote 999781
For president in 1916, Hanly, Pro., received
27.713 votes.
For president in 1912 Roosevelt, Prog., re-
ceived 283,616 votes: Wilson. Dem., 283.436:
Debs, Soc., 79,201: Chafin, Pro.. 23,326; Tr»ft.
Rep., 3,914.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
307
For Governor. 1918.
William D. Stephens, Rep.. Prog., Pro 387.547
Henry H. Roser. Soc 29.003
Theodore A. Bell. Ind 251.189
James Rolpn. Jr.. Write-in zu.buo
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino,
Glenn, Butte, Lake, Colusa, Yuba, Sutler, Sono-
ma and Marin.
Clarence F. Lea. Dem..-. 42.063
2. Counties of Modoc. Siskiyou, Trinity, Shasta,
Lassen. Tehama, Plumas, Sierra, Nevada,
Placer, El Dorado, Amador, Calaveras, Alpine.
Tiolumne and Mariposa.
John B. Raker. Dem 28,249
3. Counties of Yolo, Napa. Sacramento. Soiano,
Contra Costa and San Joaquin.
O. F. Curry. Rep. -Dem 51.690
A. K. Clifford. Soc 4.746
4. San Francisco (part).
Julius Kahn. Rep 33.476
William Short. Soc 30.745
5. San Francisco (parti.
John I. Nolan, Rep. -Dem 40,375
Thomas F. Feeley, Soc 6,032
6. County of Alameda.
J. A. Elston. Rep.-Dem 57.087
Luella Twining. Soc 7,721
f. Counties of Stanislaus, Merced. Madera, Fres-
no, Kings, Tulare and Kern.
H. B. Barbour, Rep 33,476
Henry Hawson, Dem 30.745
&. Counties of San Mateo, Santa Cruz, Santa
Clara, San Benito, Monterey, San Luis Obispo,
Santa Barbara and Ventura.
Bveris A. Hayes. Rep 27,641
Hugh S. Hersman. Dem 7 31,167
9. Los Angeles (part).
Charles H. Randall. Pro.-Dem 38,782
Montaville Flowers. Rep 31.689
Grace S. Henry. Soc 2.718
10. Los Angeles (part).
H. Z. Osborne, Rep. -Dem. -Pro 72,773
James H. Ryckman, Soc 9,725
11. Counties of San Bernardino, Mono, Inyo,
Riverside. Orange, San Diego and Imperial.
William Kettner, Dem.-Rep.-Soc 45,915
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 30 72 102
Democrats 9 8 17
Independents 1 0 1
State Officers.
Governor— William D. Stephens. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — C. C. Young, Rep.
Secretary of State — Frank C. Jordan, Rep.
Controller— John S. Chambers. Rep.
Treasurer— Friend William Richardson, Rep.
Attorney-General— U. S. Webb. Rep.
Surveyor-General— W. S. Kingsbury, Rep.
COLORADO (Population, 1917, 988,330).
Counties , President 1916 ^
Population (63) Dem. Rep. Soc.
in 1917. Wilson
11905 Adams 1308
6340 Alamosa 2652
13740 Arauahoe 2120
4167 Archuleta 830
3799 Baca 1294
6499 Bent 1473
30742 Boulder 7419
8012 Chaffee 2546
6012 Cheyenne 802
5001 Clear Creek ... 1289
7835 Conejos 1721
5056 Costilla 1028
5501 Crowley 1160
1947 Custer 539
19673 Delta 2817
268439 Denver 43029
642 Dolores 251
3243 Douglas 820
2985 Eag-le 1136
6958 Elbert 1230
60674 El Paso ...... 8381
Fremont . . .
Garfield ....
Gilpin
Grand
Gunnison . .
Hinsdale . . .
Hueriano . . .
Jackson
Jefferson
Kiowa
Kit Carson .
Lake
La Plata . . .
Larimer
Las Animas
Lincoln
Logan
Mesa
Mineral
Moffat
Montezuma
Montrose . . .
Morgan
Otero
)uray
>ark
hiiiips
Pitkm
Prowers
Pueblo
Rio Blanco
Rio Grande. .
Routt
Saguache . . .
San Juan . . .
San Miguel
Sedg-wick . .
Summit
Teller
Washington
Weld
Yuma
Total 178816 102308 10049
Plurality ., .. 76508
Per cent 60.75 34.75 3.41
Total vote .... 294375
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
2.793 votes. The progressive vote in 1916 was
For president in 1912 Wilson. Dem., received
114.332 votes; Roosevelt. Prog.. 72.806; Taft.
Rep.. 58,386; Debs. Soc.. 16,418; Chafin. Pro..
5.063: Reimer. Soc.-Lab., 475.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Lawrence C. Phippg. Rep .....107,726
John F. Shafroth. Dem 104.347
Richardson. Soc 5.606
For Representatives in Congress. 1918.
1. City and county of Denver.
Benjamin C. Hilliard, Ind 6,112
William N. Vaile. Rep 27.815
Stack. Dem 16.364
Underbill. Soc 1.039
2. Counties of Adanis. Arapahoe, Boulder, Chey-
enne, Douglas, El Paso, Kit Carson, Larimer,
Lincoln Logan, Morgan, Phillips, Sedgwick,
Washington, Weld and Yuma.
Charles B. Timberlake, Rep 41,562
R. E. Jones. Dem 26.044
3. Counties of Alamosa. Baca, Bent, Clear Creek,
Conejos, Costilla, Crowley, Custer, Fremont,
Gilpin, Huerfano, Jefferson, Kiowa, Mineral,
Otero, Park, Prowers, Pueblo, Rio Grande,
Saguache and Teller.
Edward Keating, Dem 29,075
Guy W. Hardy, Rep 31.715
Holcomb. Soc 1.453
4. Counties of Archuleta. Chaffee, Delta, Dolores,
Eagle. Garfield, Grand. Gunnison, Hinsdale.
Jackson, Lake, Da Plata. Mesa, Moffat, Monte-
zuma, Montrose, Ouray, Pitkin. Rio Blanco,
Routt, San Juan, San Miguel and Summit.
Edward T. Taylor. Dem 22,423
Logan, Rep 11.695
308
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 17 37 54
democrats 17 28 45
Progressive 1 .. 1
State Officers.
Governor— O. H. Shoup, Rep.
Secretary of State — James R. Noland, Dem.
Treasurer — Harry E. Mulnix, Rep.
Attorney-General—Victor E. Keyes. Rep.
CONNECTICUT (Population, 1917, 1,265.373).
Counties. ^-Pres. 191 6->
Population (8) Dem. Rep.
289939 Fairfield .. ...20873 25962
290111 Hartford ...24398 23265
75069 Litchfield 6183 7288
48467 Middlesex 3765 4524
387006 New Haven 30416 30175
97453 New London 8322 8283
27872 Tolland 2032 2758
49456 Windham .. 3797 4259
Total 99786 106514
. Plural ty 6728
Percent 46.6 49.8
Total vote 213874
For president in 1916 Benson, Soc., received
5,179 votes: Hanly. Pro., 1,789, and Reimer,
Soc. -Lab.. 606.
For president in 1912 Wilson. Dem., received
74561 votes: Taft. Rep , 68,324; Roosevelt.
Prog., 34.129: Chafin. Pro. 2.068: Debs, Soc..
10.056; Reimer. Soc.-Lab., 1,260.
For United States Senator, 191S.
McLean. Rep 107.020
Cummings, Deui 98,649
Plunkett, Soc 5,279
Manchester, Pro 1,768
Huckser, Soc. -Lab 619
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. County of Hartford.
Augustine Lonergan, Dem 21,169
George A. Quigley, Rep 16.868
2. Counties of Tollund, Winclliam, New London
and Middlesex.
Richard P. Freeman? Rep 16.251
Frank P. Fenton. Dem 13.467
3. County of New Haven (except twelve towns*.
John Q. Tilson, Rep 17.401
Arthur B. O'Keefe. Dem 15.711
4. County of JTairfiehl.
Schuyler Merritt, Rep 19.008
Lester O. Peck. Dem 15.386
5. County of Litchfield and twelve towns of New
Haven county.
James P. Glynn, Rep 13,455
James L. Seery, Dem 12,640
Legislature.
The legislature is republican in botli branches.
State Officers.
Governor — Marcus H. Holcomb, Rep.
Secretary— Frederick L. Perry, Rep.
Treasurer — J. Harold Gilpa trick, Rep.
Comptroller— Morris C. Webster. Rep.
DELAWARE (Population, 1917, 215,160).
Counties. ^-Pres. 1916^
Population (3) Dem. Rep.
Ami. Wison. Hnifc
32721 Kent 4210 3815
133035 Newcastle 14894 16166
49432 Sussex.. 5649 6032
Total 24753 26013
Plurality 1260
Percent 47.71 50.14
Total vote 51876
For president in 1916, Hanly, Pro., received
630 votes and Ben?on. 'Soc.. 480; in 1912.
Roosevelt received 8,887; Debs, Soc.. 556 and
Chafin, Pro.. 623 votes.
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
22,631; Taft, Rep.. 15.000 and Roosevelt.
Prog1.. 8,887 votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Lewis Heisler Ball. Rep 21519
Willard Saulsbury, Dem . 20*113
William H. Conner. Soc '420
For Representative in Congress, 1918.
Albert F. Polk. Dem... 19632
Caleb R. Lay ton. Rep
William H. Crawford. Soc '...'.'. '420
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 5 jo 17
Republicans 12 23 35
State Officers.
Governor— John G. Townsend. Rep.
State Treasurer— George M. Fisher, Rep.
Auditor — Daniel Thompson, Rep
Attorney-General— David G. Reinhardt. Rep.
FLORIDA (Population, 1917, 916,185).
Counties. , President 1916 „
Tin00 (o4) Df™- jgep- So?
35808 Alachua *203Q Hu'440 BeU33
5015 Baker 439
13518 Bay 705 279 9Q
16SGO Bradford "... 1302 153 13
7270 Brevard 599 174 7«
4763 Broward 382 158 lift
7468 Calhoun ..'. 539 209 68
7709 Citrus 601 46
6467 Clay 380 79
18123 Columbia 861 226
24530 Dade , 1654 629 ^m
18697 DeSoto \ '. \ 1 755 385 228
101026 Duval 5456 133 ?8?
45129 Escambia 2183 416 99
Flagler • — _„
5427 Franklin 312 81 32
27238 Gadsdcn 875 57 40
12484 Hamilton .. 675 113 is
5989 Hernando 446 38 38
83682 Hillsborough 4627 691 R22
14327 Holmes 763 427 1&>
34525 Jackson 1975 410 34
17951 Jeflereon 646 104
7967 Lafayette 849 45 30
11000 Lake 886 330 68
8646 Lee 751 167 IS?
20135 Leon 875 191 42
1164o Levy 712 216 25
5973 Liberty 280 57 14
17994 Madison .. 721 22 22
13118 Manatee 1033 289 116
28795 Marion 1567 462
24159 Monroe 730 345 249
11160 Nassau 420 94 40
6352 Oskaloosa 603 303 29
Okeechobee — — _
15397 Orange 1261 415 51
10937 Osccola 511 453 100
9669 Palm Beach 725 311 194
8559 Pasco 779 236 82
18814 Pinnllas 1503 555 173
32670 Polk 2574 578 158
14158 Putnam 879 418 93
16158 St. Johns 1133 326 136
8859 St. Luci? 703 134 HO
20745 Santa Rosa 896 111 19
9453 Seminole 706 155 80
7068 Sumter 599 70 30
21559 Suwanee 1209 56 126
9366 Taylor 547 51 11
21259 Volusia 1541 886 109
7604 Wakulla 387 121 32
16473 Wr.lton 753 549 79
11123 Washington 626 159 144
Total 55984 14611 5353
Plurality 41373
Percent 69.34 18.09 6.63
Total vote 80734
For president in 1912 Wilson. Dem., received
36.417 votes: Taft. Rep.. 4.279; Roosevelt.
Prog-.. 4,535: Debs. Soc., 4,806; Chafin, Pro..
1.854.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
For United States Senator. 1916.
Popnlttion.
11166 Emngrham ...
27334 Elbert
25140 Emanuel ....
9639 Evans
13568 Fannin
11587 Fayette
39380 Floyd
Wilion.
450
1756
11500
334
720
494
2137
1146
1540
8945
742
126
477
1010
675
676
1528
1032
1662
562
837
550
in
868
806
503
1185
537
299
588
402
715
398
1269
316
245
333
1870
455
440
1241
330
466
114
1118
464
462
921
721
1002
643
1162
1833
943
497
657
670
497
489
766
1172
383
462
125
633
645
2708
490
22-2
625
835
500
474
1065
511
255
574
405
773
677
1298
1034
111
Hughes.
8
28
34
166
25
50
166
44
1311
258
8
45
190
39
53
222
48
141
30
137
23
22
11
78
52
31
71
14
14
63
7
20
27
64
26
5
60
55
21
19
42
70
18
15
11
41
52
21
59
301
110
102
18
10
420
85
65
13
8
8?
43
238
73
2
36
41
15
23
38
17
7
49
57
25
40
42
42
33
481
Pro* BenBoa
64 —
183 —
266 —
58 —
993 —
70 —
386 —
236 —
206 —
1040 124
560 —
156 —
36 1
242 —
84 —
153 —
270 1
406 —
367 18
22 —
779 8
31 —
237 2
62 —
89 —
12 1
24 —
102 10
6 —
56 13
145 —
20 —
150 —
143 ~5
4 —
103 —
56 —
88 8
171 —
97 —
181 —
11 -
a! -
7 105
H =
65 3
66 -
58 —
136 16
44 77
39 —
166 —
42 3
783 3
344 -
25 -
106 -,
713 —
23 —
15 —
181 —
23 —
524 10
56 —
14 —
40 —
14 —
14 ~
200 —
113 —
29 —
13 —
173 —
173 —
86 —
6 —
W R O'Neal Rep 8,774
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Citrus. Sumter. Hernando. Pasco.
Pinellas. Hillsboro, Polk. Manatee. DeSoto. Lee
and Lake. 0 ....
12224 Forsyth .
20126 Franklin ....
«. Counties of Hamilton. Suwanee. Columbia.
Baker Bradford. Nassau, Alachua. Jefferson.
Lafayette. Levy. Madison. Marion and Taylor
221800 Fulton ... .,
9237 Gilmer
4780 Glascock ....
16745 Glynn
9 Counties of Bay.'Escambla. Santa Rosa. Wai-
ton. Holmes. Washington. Oskaloosa. Jackson
Calhoun. Franklin. Liberty. Gadsden. Leon and
Wakulla. ...
17132 Gordon
21279 Grady
19949 Greene
26983 Gwinnett ....
11398 Habersham .
29364 Hall
4. Counties of Brevard. Broward. Clay, Dade,
Duval. Monroe. Orange. Osceola. Palm Beach,
Putnain, St. John. St. Lucie. Seminole and
Tolusla. ,. ,,A1
19854 Hancock ....
14676 Haralson ....
17886 Harris
17474 Hart
Legislature.
The legislature is solidly democratic.
State Officers.
Governor— S. J. Catts, Pro.
slcr/tary Of State-H. Clay Crawford. Dem.
Attorney-General—Van O. Swearingen. Dem.
Treasurer— J. C. Luning. Dem.
Comptroller— Ernest Amos. Dem.
GEORGIA (Population. 1917. 2,895,841).
Counties. /• President 1916——%
12318 Applm* W413 ' *44 117 4
5505 Bacon 287 46 — —
11197 Heard
20894 Henry
24316 Houston
13087 Irwin
24846 Jackson
17661 Jasper ..
7344 Jeff Davis...
23692 Jefferson ....
13157 Jenkins
13983 Johnson
13103 Jones
42 502 Laurens
12653 Lee...
12924 Liberty
9852 Lincoln
27648 Lowndes
5444 Lumpkin ....
10706 Macon
8899 Baker 435 — 94 —
18781 Baldwin 579 65 42
11755 Banks 989 126 118
19497 Madison
9147 Marion
17346 Barrow 712 148 102 —
9871 Q Bartow 1325 92 o/5o o
10706 McDuffle ....
6442 Mclntosh ....
26523 Meri wether...
9202 Miller
7585 Milton
27477 Mitchell
20450 Monroe
14841 Ben Hill • 627 8 134 —
28488 Berrien 2102 32 49 2
61lP Bibb ": 2048 201 58 25
11302 Bleckley 362 6 14 -
27646 Brooks 969 103 25 -
26464 Sen"".:::: ilS5 29 8? -
19638 Montgomery..
22565 Morgan
10593 Murray
40891 Muscogee ...
19699 Newton
12928 Oconee
19263 Oglethorpe....
14967 Paulding- ....
§Sl44 Burke 673 19 14 -
12837 Calhoun 265
7705 Oamden ^51 4 g —
18454 clndler ."'.'. 442 - 28 -
33977 Carroll 1621 118 413 31
8179 Catoosa 624 32 210 2
5547 Charlton «±XS ooo a} a OQ
85859 Chatham .... 3797 368
5586 Chattahoochee 156 5 4
14087 Chattoog-a ... 1006 20 240 1
17096 Cherokee .... 855 292 461 50
27334 Clarke lOoo llo
12282 Pierce
20028 Pike ..
21916 Polk
14706 Pulaski
14195 Putnam
4594 Quitman ....
5562 Rabun
20297 Randolph
62645 Richmond ...
9938 Rockdale ....
5213 Schley
O94fi Clav 225 9 10 —
11077 Cllyton ':..... 517 3 75 -
R494 Plinth 374 53 8 —
^1123 Cobb '"". 1750 137 434
giiiS PnfffU "091 120 29 84
24281 Colquitt 1305 53 171 5
13551 Columbia .... 521 6 18
23074 Screven
21290 Spalding
10941 Stephens
8310 Crawford .... 411 2 4 -
20545 Crisp 577 4 100 1
13437 Stewart
31193 Sumter
11696 Talbot
4139 Dade 616
9388 Taliaferro...
18569 Tattnall
32821 DeKalb 1690 12 197
24619 Dodg-e 788 64 3o
OK1?!** Tlrw»lv 7^7 — 31 —
11563 Taylor
15627 Telfair .,
24178 Terrell
UoTio uooiy '•'< Q 17
17755 Dougherty ... O.-JD o/ JL<
9105 Douglas 41( "° —
33517 Thomas
14370 Tift
127P9 Toombs
3932 Towns
3382 EcaolB 173 — — —
310
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
^7851 Troup .
12604 Turner
12210 Twigga
6918 Union ,
12757 Upson ,
)5 Walker
400
365
734
1305
1066
292
954
15710 Wayne £60
6151 Webster 248
Wheeler 372
5110 White 639
16973 Whitfield 1093
16871 Wilcox 590
25320 Wilkeg 785
10078 Wilkinson 371
23953 Worth 690
142§
523
439
16
12
17
31
172
15
300
91
59
707
58
26
Legislature.
The legislature consists of 44 senators and 185
representatives. There are no divisions on party
'ines.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — Hugh Dorsey.
Secretary of State— S. Guyt McLendon.
Treasurer — W. J. Speer.
Comptroller— W. A. Wrigrht.
Total ..122907 d!227 20670 969
?er^r".::::::1171sTo *&J**> •«
Soc 1,026.
For United States Senator, 1918.
W. J. Harris. Dem
G. H. Williams, Rep •••;•«
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
IDAHO (Population, 1917, 445.176)
Counties. , President 1916-
popuiation (42) Rep. Dem. Soc.
.7. Hughts.
41884. Ada 5299
6700 Adams , 667
24746 Bannock 2950
8223 Bear Lake ... 1229
4500 Benewah 935
13604 Bing-ham 1885
10933 Elaine 1231
13100 Boise 657
15813 Bonner 1417
19370 Bonneville ... 1736
4893 Boundary .... 598
Butte —
Camas —
24100 Canyon 3570
9763 Cassia 1320
4068 Clearwater ... 839
3695 Custer 454
6610 Elmore 658
7500 Franklin 1089
12167 Fremont 1654
.
WiJaon.
5207
645
4084
1566
1374
2306
1830
1048
2003
2341
653
359
129
298
31
337
145
173
113
409
lo5
Pro.
Hanly
101
3
24
3
21
13
16
15
26
9
7
4478 645
1629- 289
678 242
879
1104
1425
2695
63
82
30
L9t
us
12
14
18
25
11
Dem
r
tiP« ofBen Hill Clay. Crisp. Dooly, Leo.
T Randolph Quitman. Schley. Stewart.
nd Webster.
3.244
anop .
Ta?lor ^Terrell. Turner an
es "of" CarrSt Chattahoochee, Coweta,
HaSs. Heard Marion. Meriwether. Muscogee,
Talbot and Troup. . qgl
S.^i.eTiffeaSur&KiibrK^^u.-
ton and Rockdale.
W D Upshaw, Dem
.Counties of Bibb, Butts. Clayton -.
Fayette. Henry. Jasper. Jones. Monroe. Pike.
.4,707
pson.
6754 Lincoln
1121
1084
95
7
9545 Madison
6338 Minidoka
21742 Nez Perce ...
7750 Oneida
1132
963
1753
1014
1371
1135
2675
1298
21
540
245
29
21
65
2
4219 Owyhee
Payette
594
775
82
18
7750 Power
16464 Shoshone
3502 Teton
23232 Twin Falls ..
Valley
4479 Washington ..
Yellowstone pk
1024
2431
650
3083
1545
1079
4239
726
3974
1802
50
592
109
16
3
52
21
ing. Polk. Walker and Whitfield.
Gordon Lee, Dem
T R Glenn, Rep ;•••
^teEtt&nSSSlK0*
thorpe. Putnam. Walton and Wilkes.
•FoTsyth Gilmo-r Gwinnett. Habersham Hall,
Jackson. Lumpkin. Milton Pickens. Rabun.
Stephens. Towns. Union and White.
Thomas M. Bell. Dei
6,911
Glascock.
mond
Wilkinson.
Carl Vinson. Dem . . .
Warren, Washington and
, Bacon. Berrien.
Clinch. Coffee. Echols,
Davis. Lowndes, Pierce,
.4,959
•ijuii. 'Irwin, Jeff
.7ayne and Ware.
'm /i Tjnikford. Dorn
12. Counties of BleckleyY "Dodge'.'Emanuel. Hous-
ton. Johnson. Laurens. Montgomery. Pulaski.
Telfair. Toombs. Twiggs, Wilcox and Wheeler.
W. W. Larsen. Dem.
Total 55368 70054 8066 1127
Plurality 14686
Percent 41.21 51.97 5.98 .84
Total vote 134615
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received
32.810 votes; Wilson. Dem.. 33,921: Roose-
velt, Prog-., 25,527; Debs, Soc.. 11,960, and
Chafin, Pro., 1,537.
For United States Senator, 1918.
For term expiring March 4, 1925.
W. E. Borah, Rep 63,587
Frank L. Moore, Dem 31.018
For term expiring March 4, 1921.
Frank R. Gooding, Rep 47.497
John F. Nugent, Dem 48,467
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Burton L. French, Rep 27,084
L. I. Purcell, Dem 15,672
2. Addison T. Smith. Rep 32.274
C. R. Jeppeson, Dem 18.827
For Governor, 1918.
D. W. Davis. Rep 57.626
H. F. Samuels. Dem 38,499
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republican 30 46 76
Democratic 11 18 29
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
311
Governor— D. W. Davis. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — C. C. Moore, Rep,
Secretary of State— Robert O. Jones, Rep.
ILLINOIS <P<
Counties f U.
Hopu,at,on (102) Jfteg^
64588 Adams .... 44fi3
State Officers.
State Treasurer-
Attorney-Genera
jpulation7l917, 6.234.J
S. Senator 1918. ,
Dem. Soc. Pro
Lewie. Llojd. ' Vennun
5547 453 107.
1324 1-2 11.
870 48 55.
484 44 4
1015 5 4
2752 123 35
712 9 8.
621 60 11.
1959 80 17
3151 97 51
3369 132 31
21188 21 24
1480 40 6
1350 689 11.
2992 39 26.
201219 22563 433
2263 50 34
1374 18 12
1146 105 38
1686 39 14.
1348 39 15.
1829 306 28.
2963 45 27.
473 4 15.
1679 63 1'3.
2229 101 32.
695 53 15.
2805 245 31.
3278 267 38.
1199 38 12.
1955 36 8.
814 25 11.
1570 35 18.
3025 86 42.
570 11 6.
533 16 12.
2077 221 24.
1847 86 17.
2580 86 9.
1674 9 11.
2623 52 18.
1215 '14 8.
1478 124 17.
716 23 5.
4376 590 54.
2306 67 23
345 6 7
2160 104 30
2381 219 30
6918 479 61
1919 30 32.
1497 94 17.
2234 63 20 .
2198 .104 25
3670 222 49
4501 417 44.
6141 863 48.
3029 168 46.
1313 36 18.
1631 4 17.
354 15 8.
2065 60 38.
1609 96 25.
4067 176 90.
1231 12 10.
1235 32 22.
840 76 3.
3562 119 61.
2948 64 11 .
1347 9 It.
1204 43 31.
7577 327 33.
,1805 78 79.
981 18 10.
2772 39 72.
420 10 1.
848 7 3.
356 7 1 .
—John W. Eagleson, Rep.
1— Roy L. Black, Rep.
06).
, President 1916.-
Dem. Rep. Soc.
i. Wilson. Huch g. Bonson.
. 14268 11858 389
, 3940 5395 116
2652 3626 38
. 1211 5181 190
2856 1579 17
5793 8213 249
. 1181 1168 29
1980 4496 94
, 4485 3193 152
. 9601 14632 254
7982 6923 421
5311 4936 51
3574 3879 145
. 4201 3423 302
7772 8314 88
.379438 435695 32471
5570 5084 142
2960 2879 41
. 3386 9764 3:16
4460 4380 99
3768 4564 150
. 4816 9610 378
6710 6099 136
1389 2885 6
. 4529 5316 72
. 5669 3207 72
. 2054 4670 125
. 6419 6371 704
8686 9735 1175
. 2920 1985 85
6150 3400 —
2241 4811 101
3644 3239 75
7711 6472 166
1181 1168 29
1611 2528 60
5220 11401 620
4977 8503 87
6780 8356 185
3884 3110 57
6685 6028 101
3052 2644 20
3505 6775 143
1822 3273 69
9895 23868 906
6096 10594 91
1008 3316 19
6785 10918 435
5447 12905 715
14625 20602 851
5052 4481 190
4087 7985 144
6462 9801 97
5726 5933 310
11181 13997 632
10012 8875 1089
16302 175;)1 1091
7892 6434 425
2593 3579 110
3886 3029 63
1236 3926 38
5740 71192 250
3278 9024 58
11699 14988 450
2689 2693 60
3430 6308 69
2104 2825 27
7903 7065 607
7104 7536 157
3370 2963 65
3207 8639 69
18718 18615 718
4445 4796 170
3028 4012 88
7005 6293 239
1158 2924 57
2159 3863 87
785 1444 42
Prol
Htnly
263
47
394
91
120
335
30
137
236
799
339
142
83
100
177
2309
181
2!f
204
259
480
202
133
131
205
189
114
401
, 89
94
38
367
30
119
27(5
342
122
117
182
112
199
64
555
ail
56
417
184
321
353
263
350
310
617
328
287
209
121
168
117
364
172
1016
106
199
Bl!
191
161
368
344
214
98
249
25
49
4O
2519H
17801
15481
10397
46063
8610
18035
17480
54900
35909
23517
18661
26026
34787
2818751
34121
14281
34697
18906
19951
37252
27336
10049
20055
280S2
17096
30517
51993
14628
22363
24180
18227
30638
7015
9724
42968
35543
36071
18157
29825
13954
22657
14331
101402
43376
10777
48018
70060
91851
27141
27750
40465
31335
61618
56837
89847
35094
15679
17377
14200
26887
34515
68127
12796
19723
13508
38576
34420
14630
27864
108756
23735
16376
28622
11215
16450
9615
Alexander
2267
Bond
1808
Boone
1845
621
615
Carroll
Caes
..... 1459
5735
Christiaa
Clark
Clay
Coles
3645
Cook
158883
2576
Cumberland
1522
DeKalb
3815
DeWitt
2251
DuPage
3951
Edgrar
Edwards
Effingham
1839
Fayette
Ford
2085
Franklin
3944
Fulton
Gallatin
962
Greene
1535
Grundy
;....;; 2091
Hamilton
1583
Hancock
3173
Hardin
Henderson
1196
Iroquois
§716
Jackson
Kane
8509
Kendall
1351
Knox
5209
Lake
LaSalle
888°
Lawrence
2153
Lee
34°4
Livingston
.... 4614
Logan
.... 2982
Macon
5708
Macoupin
4095
Madison
7790
Marion
. 2879
Marshall
1855
Mason
1598
Massac
162*8
McDonough
3381
McHenry
3578
McLean
6102
Menard
.... 1329
Mercer
.... 2495
Monroe
d.840
Montgomery ....
3411
Morgan
.... 3363
Moultrie
1474
Ogle
3819
Peoria
9313
Perry
.... 2503
Piatt
.... 1819
Pike
2331
Polk
1167
Pulaski
1507
Putnam ..
768
313
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 19CO.
29935
15970
81466
36422
105206
14852
10067
31693
10098
144092
38198
34614
21856
87018
16613
24421
18759
25697
23052
34507
91383
57727
74326
20506
Randolph . .
McOormiclc.
3082
Lewia.
209«
1421
4643
2117
7887
1515
'1146
2950
563
8767
2481
2748
1862
5333
1268
1653
984
1727
2038
1411
4929
2965
2579
1339
Lloyd.
103
26
1343
192
440
23
12
46
15
1154
290
131
33
157
60
46
169
26
41
89
407
lit
43
31.
34.
61.
26.
53.
24.
5.
44.
3.
55.
23.
*9.'
107.
11.
25.
11.
15.
12.
29.
34..
29.
53.
23.
Wilson.
5397
. 3431
10914
5930
17958
3392
2457
7515
1390
00522
5463
6743
5171
13864
3264
4498
2794
4934
5066
3839
11378
8172
6198
3619
Huzh.-».
5517
2993
16169
7061
20900
2595
2826
5911
2887
22144
8620
6662
3135
16330
2600
6294
4657
5383
4.137
100 15
19S81
10263
14893
1273
Benson.
132
79
2855
787
1001
36
21
83
31
1152
433
341
60
605
86
154
105
59
351
127
317
530
1439
87
lian'.v
181
132
384
176
576
215
46
357
28
423
228
258
74
1673
179
199
85
173
83
482
171
124
352
192
Richland
Rock Island
1457
6701
Saline
3452
Schuyler
Scott
9666
1437
3046
Shelby
2766
Stark .
1282
St Clair
9490
Stephen son
3953
Tazewell
3423
Union
1225
Vermilion
7403
Waba sh
1266
Warren
Washington
2854
2274
Wayne
2485
White
2076
Whiteside
4307
Will .
7837
Williamson
4828
Winnebagro
6618
Woodford
Total 479967 426943 37167 3151.. 950229 1152549 01.384 26074
Plurality 53024 202320
Per cent 50.50 44.92 3.91 .33.. 43.33 52.57 2.80 1.19
Total vote 950496 2)192734
For U. S. senator in 1918. Francis. Soc.-
Lab.. received 3.268 votes.
For president in 1916. Reimer, Soc.-Lab..
received 2,488 votes.
For president in 1912, Taft. Rep., received
253, 593" votes: Wilson. Dem., 405.048: Roose-
velt, Progr., 386,478;' Debs. Soc., 81,278:
Ohafln, Pro.. 15,710, and Reimer, Soc.-Lab.,
4.066.
For State Treasurer. 1918.
Fred E. Sterling, Rep 506,038
James J. Brady, Dem 364,235
Robert L. Harv<-y, Soc 34,241
Orrin L. Dayton, Pro 3.116
For Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1918.
Francis G. Blair, Rep 508.769
Edwin Strauss, Dem 354,405
Emma Pischel, Soc 36,69*
Eldon G. Burritt. Pro 3,140
For University Trustees, 1918.
Cairo A. Trimble,* Rep 573,434%
John M. Herbert.* Rep 563,312%
Mrs. Margaret Day Blake,* Rep 565,573%
John M. Crebs, Dem 425,267%
S. B. Montgomery, Dem 418,897
Mrs. Mary Onahan Gallery, Dem 418.193
•Elected.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
At Large— Richard Yates, Rep 501,974
William E. Mason, Rep 479,533
William Elza Williams. Dem 361,505
Michael H. Cleary, Dem 356,168
Clarence C. Brooks. Soc 33,835
Frank Watts. Soc 32,065
Charles P. Corson, Pro 3,110
Edward E. Blake, Pro 3,187
1. City of Chicago (part).
Martin B. Madden, Rep 12,580
George Mayer, Dem 9,776
G. J. Carlisle. Soc 381
2. City of Chicago (part).
James R. Mann, Rop 29099
Leo S. LeBosky, Dem 17,895
Robert H. Howe, Soc 1.927
3. City of Chicago (part) and towns of Lemont.
Palos. Worth. Orland. Bremen, Thornton, Rich.
Bloom and Calumet, in Cook county.
William W. Wilson. Rep ". 24.011
Fred J. Crowley. Dem 19 372
Joseph A. Ambrose, Soc 1,989
4. City of Chicago (part).
John W. Rainey, Dem 15514
Oarl G. Hoffman. Soc 886
, 5. City of Chicago (part).
Louis C. Mau, Rep 3,789
Adolph J. Sabath, Dem 10.517
Emil Jaeger, Soc -.. 919
6. City of Chicago (part) and towns of Pro-
viso. Cicero, Oak Park. Berwyn. Riverside.
Stickney and Lyons, in Cook county.
Hervey C. Foster, Rep 22.692
James McAndrews. Dem 32,638
William F. Kruse, Soc 3.101
7. City of Chicago (part) and towns of Han-
over. Schaumberg, Elk Grove, Maine, Leyden.
Barrington. Palatine, Wheeling and Norwood
Park, in Cook county.
Niels Juul, Rep 35,428
Frank M. Paddcn. Dem 26.261
J. Louis Engdahl, Soc 7,387
8. City of Chicago (part).
Dan Parillo. Rep 3,201
Thomas Gallagher, Dem 11,472
9. City of Chicago (part).
Fred A. Britten, Rep 12,654
James H. Poage, Dem 10,074
Charles Kissling. Soc 1,131
10. City of Chicago (part). Lake county and
towns of Evanston. Niles, New Trier and
Northfield. in Cook county.
Carl R. Chindblom. Rep 33,094
Philip J. Finnegan, Dem 16,933
Irwin St. John Tucker. Soc 3.284
11. Counties of DuPage, Kane, McIIenry and
Will.
Ira C. Copley, Rep 25,744
Carl F. Schultz. Soc 1,954
12. Counties of Boone. DeKalb, Grundy, Kendall.
LaSalle and Winnebago.
Charles E. Fuller, Rep 25,623
Oscar Ogren. Soc 1,895
13. Counties of Carroll. Loo. Jo Diiviess, Ogle,
Stephenson and Whiteside.
John C. McKenzie, Rep 20,861
Shep. H. Zimmerman. Soc 809
14. Counties of Hancock, Henderson, McDonough,
Mercer, Rock Island and Warren.
William J. Graham, Rep 20,635
Edmond B. Passmore. Soc 1,791
15. Counties of Adams, Fulton, Henry, Knox
and Schuyler.
Edward J. King, Rep 21,334
Edward P. Allen. Dem 13,148
J. W. Connery, Soc 942
16. Counties of Bureau. Marshall, Peoria, Put-
nnm. Stark and Tazewell.
Clifford Ireland, Rep 20.617
Leander O. Eagleton, Dem 14,759
J. J. Van Huss. Soc 611
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
313
17. Counties of Ford,
Lean and Wood ford.
Livingston, Logan. Mc-
.
Frank L. Smith, Rep ....................... 19.123
0. S. Schneider. Dem ........................ 8,321
18 Counties of Clark. Cumberland, Edgar, Iro-
quois. Kankakee and Vermilion.
Joseph G. Cannon, Rep ..................... 22.427
Frank M. Crangle. Dem .................... 14,402
Peter N. Christensen. Soc ................... 371
19. Counties of Champaign. Coles . Do Witt. Doug-
las. Macon. Moultrie. Sliolby and Piatt.
William B. McKinley. Rep ................. 26.^y
Thomas B. Jack^Dem ....................... 16,4^4
:0T'ctun?ietaCf ^owii;' Calhoun;''^^
Jersey, Mason, Menard. Morgan, Pike and
?ra"k E. Blane. Rep ........................ 14,184
MonigoSy
^ __ Rep..
Janies *M. Graham. Dem 19'ooi
o/'SSmS"^ rnd.-MadUoi:-M«nro4; St.
" &!U*A.WriS!SS; Rep tJ-JS
J. Nick Perrin. .Dem.
Jefferson. Lawrence. Marion.
Fayette, Jasper. Jene
Richland and Wabash.
E. B. Brooks. Rep....
Martin D. Foster. Dem ",»i
Wayne and White
Thomas S. Williams Rep ».J-
James R. Campbell. Dem »-jg
J. J. McGuinn. Soc »
25. Counties of Alexander. Franklin, Jackson.
Perry. Pulaski, Randolph, Union and William-
son.
Edward E. Denison, Rep 22.S8&
D. T. Woodard. Dem 15,000
Vote on Propositions. 1918.
Calling a constitutional convention to prepare
a new constitution to be submitted to the
voters for their approval. This proposition
required a majority of all the votes cast at
the election. For the proposition, 662,012 ;
against the proposition, 162,202 ; total number
of votes cast at the election, 975,545; majority
for the proposition, 74,240.
The act providing that all private banks' shall
become state banks. This proposition, required
a majority of all the votes cast on the propo-
sition. For the proposition. 403,458 ; against
the proposition, 83,704 ; majority for the propo-
sition. 319,754.
The $60,000,000 bond issue to construct good roads,
the interest and principal to be paid out of
the automobile license paid into the secretary
of state's office. This proposition required a
majority of all the votes cast for members
of the general assembly. Total number of
votes cast for members of the general assem-
bly, 898,821; for the proposition. 661,815; against
the proposition, 154,396; majority for the prop-
osition. 212.405.
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 34 91 125
Democrats 17 62 1&
State Officers.
Governor — Frank O. Lowden, Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — John G. Oglesby, Rep.
Secretary of State — Louis L. Emmerson, Rep.
Auditor— Andrew Russel. Rep.
Treasurer — Fred E. Sterling, Rep.
Attorney-General—Edward J. Brundage, Rep.
INDL1NA (Population. 1917, 2,835,493).
Counties.
(92)
President 1916— x
Dem.
1508
m
3372
5946
3072
5723
AioW Adams 2875
105149 Allen 9470
24971 Bartholomew . 3441
12688 Benton 1502
15820 Blackford 1867
24673 Boone ,%}%
!?1?8 SSffi •••••:•: §?
iS8& •:.•:."•.•.: ||||
t2535 Clay v?^?
6674 Clinton ..
12057 Crawford
27747 Daviess .
21396 Dearborn
18793 Decatur .
25054 Dekalb .
52718 Delaware
19843 Dubois ..
51894 Elkhart OA_.
15085 Fayette 2074
30421 Floyd 38oO
20439 Fountain 2437
15335 Franklin
16879 Fulton 2~ol
30164 Gibson 37b5
51426 Grant 58-7
42963 Greene 3900
27026 Hamilton 2799
19030 Hancock '
20232 Harrison 2373
20840 Hendricks .... 2*53
33167 Henry 3»60
36536 Howard :
29040 Huntington ... 38.-M
24727 Jackson 331 2
13044 Jasper
21961 Jay ™70
3108
64
88
265
43881 Knox 5380
27936 Kosciusko 3447
15148 Lagrangre 1512
118691 Lake 9946
51205 Laporte 5276
34198 Lawrence 3108
65224 Madison 8106
312153 Marion 3oQ43
24175 Marshall 3221
12950 Martin 1549
30084 Miami 3854
25288 Monroe 2796
29296 Montgomery .. 4107
21709 Morgan 2616
10543 Newton 1278
24355 Noble 30G9
4329 Ohio 632
17437 Orange 2001
14053 Owen 1812
22214 Parke 2329
18078 Perry 20C!9
19684 Pike 2212
21535 Porter 1871
21670 Posey 2722
13312 Pulaski 1%87
20520 Putnam 2965
29275 Randolph 2682
19452 Ripley 2549
19349 Rush 26C9
8334 Scott 1068
27027 Shelby 3900
20676 Spencer 2335
10666 Starke 1334
14274 Steuben 1427
102874 St. Joseph 9709
37135 Sullivan 3880
9914 Switzerland
410«7 Tippecanoe
6260 Union
1?
20517 Johnson
53 106830 Vigo
V^milion
491^8
826
100°8
23*3
11165
314:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ifenititbm Wilson. Huzhes. Benson
26926 Wabash 3168 3849 277
Andrew J. Hickey, Rep 27269
Warren Evans. Soc i'o96
JSSSS SH&v.v.::: 1
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
17445 Washington .. 2414 1871 /J
22418 Wells . 2928 1947 56
17f?0'> White 2263 244xJ
State Officers.
Governor— James P. Goodrich. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor—Edgar D. Bush Rep
Secretary of State— Wm. A. Roach. Rep.
Treasurer— U. McMurtrie, Rep.
Attorney-General— E. Stansbury, Rep.
IOWA (Population, 1916, 2,220,321).
Counties. , President 1916 *
population (99) Rep. Dem. So£
14420 Adair 1902' 1619 "Tv"
16893 Whitley. 2510 2191 26
Total . ...334063 341005 21855
?£rcen? El 45.47 ™£ 3.04
Total vote ... 718848
For president in 1916 the progressives cast
3898 votes; Hanly, Pro., received 16.368 and
Reimer, Soc.-Lab.. 1.659 votes.
For president in 1912 Wilson, ^em received
o»i son- Taft Rep 151.267; Cnann, rro.,
19/248?R?olvelf Prog.. 162.007: Debs Soc..
36!931 and Reimer. Soc.-Lab.. 3.130 votes.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1 The counties of Gibson. Pike, Posey, Spencer,
'lTo?KbT£ut™TS™ 18.837
17328 Allamakee ... 2411 1714 24
30725 Appanoose ... 3327 2510 461
12G71 Audubon . 1581 1^47 7
• 23156 Benton 3189 2556 106
50962! Black Hawk . 6742 4270 247
27626 Boone 2955 2338 256
15843 Bremer 2684 1132 19
ittiiSffSte&'&s&g^
roe, Martin, Morgan, Owen and Sullivan
19748 Buchanan .... 3000 1808
15981 Buena Vista . 2045 1454 48
17119 Butler 27°2 977
17090 Calhoun 2276 1515
SscarVB&d^Eip.:... 23.943
20117 Carroll 2408 2085 18
iW-?Laaili'&a;i-«Bg»".S5*
Floyd, Harrison, Lawrence, Orange, Perry.
Scott and Washington.
19047 Cass 2763 1801 51
17765 Cedar . . . 2862 1595 30
2&176 Cerro Gordo .. 3556 2289 105
10863 Cherokee 1578 1646
15375 Chickasaw .... 1999 3697 20
10736 Clarke 1507 1175 19
12766 Clay .. . 1649 1°34
4 The counties of Bartholomew, Brown. Dear-
horn Deootur, Jackson. Jefferson, Jennings,
Johnson. Ohio, Ripley and Switzerland.
25576 Clayton 3347 2379 72
46532 Clinton 5576 3903 291
20041 Crawford 2756 1919 44
24042 Dallas 2900 2495 95
13315 Davis 1476 1811 39
5. The counties of Clay, Hendricks. Parke, Put-
nara. Vermilion and Vigo.
16347 Decatur .. 196° °111 36
17888 Delaware 2837 1332 49
36257 Des Moines ... 4132 3827 292
8238 Diok'nson .... 1249 893 35
Everett Sanders. Rep 20,271
J Harvey Caldwell, Soc ot>»
««. The counties of Fayette. Franklin. Hancock,
Henry, Rush. Shelby, Union and Wayne.
Harry G. Strickland, Dem 17.755
Richard N. Elliott, Rep 21.266
9816 Emmet .. 1409 809 34
27919 Fayette 3872 2311 140
17119 Floyd 2691 1250 99
14780 Franklin 2464 691 22
John Nipp, Soc 206
7. The county of Marlon.
Chalmer Schlosser. Dem 20,284
15623 Fremont 1732 2085 45
16023 Greene 2345 1455 8
13574 Grundy 2127 1015 14
17374 Guthrie 2316 1805 37
Merrill Moores, Rep 29,714
Wm H Henry Soc 1,010
19242 Hamilton 3037 1125 78
8. The' counties of Adams. Delaware. Jay, Madi-
son. Randolph and Wells.
Wm. H. Eichhorn. Dem 19,421
20921 Hardin 3335 1481 46
23162 Harrison „.... 2610 2932 96
18640 'Henry 2470 1728 24
George S. Martin. Soc 1.548
D. The counties of Boone. Carroll. Clinton. Foun-
tain, Hamilton, Howard. Montgomery and Tip-
Cha'rles F. Howard. Dem 18,948
Fred S. Purnell. Rep 25,486
12920 Howard 1562 1560 34
12182 Humboldt .... 1676 809 20
li°96 Ida 1412 1244 9°
18409 Iowa 2484 1763 18
21258 Jackson 2533 2186 66
27076 Jasper 3092 3282 141
15951 Jefferson 2167 1734 29
James Horn, Pro 568
John E. Broshear. Soc 583
10. The counties of Benton. Jasper, Lake. New-
ton, Porter, Tippecanoe. Warren and White.
26714 Johnson 2704 3650 82
19050 Jones 28*8 1966 26
21160 Keokuk .. .. 2822 2486 51
21971 Kossuth . . 2647 1748 26
36702 Lee 4395 3993 139 *
64607 Linn 8°J2 6131 278
Wm. R. Wood. Rep 26.384
Erwin S Whitmer Soc 504
12855 Louisa 1876 1081 37 -
13462 Lucas 1672 1536 234 ;
11. The counties of Blnckford. Cass. Grant.
Huntington, Miami, Pulaski and Wabash.
George W Rauch Dem 19.849
50688 Lyon 1760 1137 46 i
156°1 Mladi«on 1871 1711 25 -
Milton W Krauss Rep 24358
°9860 Mahaska 3143 3151 98
George Lanning Soc 905
2r>9Q5 Marion 2459 3094 145 -
12. The counties of Allen, Dekalb. Lagrange. No-
hie. Stenben and' Wbirley.
Harry W. Hilgeman. Dem 17,538
30488 Marshall 4172 2414 224 '
15811 Mills .. 1707 1600 38
13435 Mitchell . 1963 1033 37
16633 Monona . .. 1777 1910 25
30862 Monro^ 2144 2095 451
16604 Montgomery . 2333 1431 82
30427 Muscatine .... 3929 2694 573
17464 O'Brien 2021 1787 29
13. The counties of Flkhart. Fulton. Kosciusko.
T.aporte. Marshall. St. Joseph and Starke.
Henry A. Barnhart. Dem... 23.274
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
316
fopuation. Hughe-. Wilton. Benson
9123 Osceola 1258 874 28
10. Counties of Boone, Calhoun, Carroll, Craw-
24002 Page 2993 1747 106
13845 Palo Alto 1594 1630 40
23799 Plymouth 2666 2258 30
Webster and Winnebago.
L. J. Dickinson, Rep 23635
14808 Pocahontas ... 1808 1658
J. R. Files, Dem , 13,153
56922 Poitawattamie. 5992 6263 187
19717 Poweshiek .... 2748 1880 99
12904 Ringgold 1733 1351 25
16555 Sac 2057 1629 35
11. Counties of Buena Vista, Cherokee. Clay,
Dickinson. Ida, Lyon, Monona, O'Brien, Osce-
ola, Plymouth, Sac, Sioux and Woodbury.
William D. Boies, Rep 21.665
16552 Shelby 1898 2060 25
26642 Sioux 2261 2049 37
G. F. Dietrich, Soc *308
24757 Story 3722 1772 49
22156 Tama 3061 2572 67
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 45 93 138
16312 Taylor 2219 1775 44
16616 Union .. 2050 1985 30"
State Officers
15020 Van Buren . 1994 1735 32
39433 Wapello .... 4398 3994 786
18194 Warren 2182 1910 30
19925 Washington . 2745 2139 34
16184 Wayne .... 1936 1935 71
Governor— William L. Harding-, Rep.
Secretary of State — W. C. Ramsay, Rep.
Auditor of State— Frank S. Shaw, Rep.
Treasurer of State — Edwin A. Hoyt, Rep.
36726 Webster 3917 3196 151
11914 Winnebago . 1713 584 23
21729 Winneshiek 2876 1956 121
77109 Woodbury .. 5735 8819 212
9950 Worth 1463 566 34
Attorney-General— H. M. Havner. Rep.
KANSAS (Population, 1917, 1,851,870).
Counties. , President 1916 >
17951 Wright . .. 2599 1135 65
Population (105) Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro.
Soldiers 1108 1102 23
Hughes. Wilson. B«nson. Hanly
33577 Allen ... 4120 4043 354 105
Total . ...280449 221699 10976
13829 Anderson. 2385 2739 227 77
Plurality .. 58750
28107 Atchison. 4624 4634 101 153
Per cent 54 04 42.73 1.92
12340 Barber ... 1632 2061 172 118
Total vote ... 518745
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
3.371, and Reimer, Soc.-Lab., 459 votes.
Foir president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
185,325; Taft, Rep., 119,895; Roosevelt, Prog.,
161,819; Debs, Soc.. 16,967, and Chafin, Pro.,
8.440 votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
William S Kenyon Rep 230,264
20862 Barton .. 2883 3281 211 106
24007 Bourbon.. 3370 5209 302 86
21314 Brown .. 4282 3503 190 125
23059 Butler ... 3614 4248 296 215
7527 Chase .... 1356 1583 80 51
11429 Cha't'qua 2085 1737 345 29
38162 Cherokee. 4350 6188 931 116
5422 Cheyenne. 498 787 177 105
5838 Clark ... 653 1102 59 85
Charles R Keyes Dem 121,830
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Des Moines. Henry, Jefferson, Lee,
Louisa, Van Buren and Washington.
Charles A. Kennedy, Rep 15,921
15205 Coffey .. 2799 3121 161 61
4494 Comanche 730 963 111 93
32982 Cowley .. 5282 5943 612 204
60207 Crawford. 7067 8064 3279 129
8976 Decatur.. 1007 2431 146 47
2. Counties of Clinton, Iowa, Jackson, Johnson/
Muscatine and Scott.
Harry E. Hull, Rep 19,95*
26220 Dickinson. 4322 4971 180 116
14422 Doniphan. 2826 1916 91 35
24724 Doug-las . 4968 3831 171 255
9479 Edwards.. 1157 1431 90 159
William E Alclntosb Soc 2 140
1012 Elk 1769 2051 163 41
3. Counties of Black Hawk. Bremer, Buchanan,
Butler, Delaware, Dubuque, Franklin, Hardin
and Wright.
Burton E Sweet Rep 22,997
14758 Ellis 1186 2335 55 32
11041 Ellsworth 1944 1936 74 69
9418 Finney .. 1234 1370 185 103
15697 Ford .... 2336 3043 185 235
20884 Franklin . 3883 4128 304 284
1. Counties of Allamak'ee, Cerro Gordo, Chicka-
saw, Clayton, Fayette, Floyd, Howard, Mitch-
ell. Winneshiek, and Worth.
Gilbert N Haugen Rep 20,643
14095 Geary .... 1730 1740 97 23
8675 Gove 642 861 55 43
11274 Graham . 1150 1801 241 36
1571 Grant ... 200 208 32 9
J eph C Campbell Dem . 11 283
4477 Gray 660 889 90 68
B. Counties of Bento'n. Cedar. Grundy, Jones,
Linn. Marshall and Tama.
J^mes W Good Rep .... 20 655
1949 Greeley . 210 168 69 35
16060 Greenw'od 2957 2948 174 53
4772 Hamilton. 511 522 101 26
Sherman W DeWolf Dem , 11,078
17987 Harper .. 1797 2648 195 244
6. Counties of Davis, Jasper, Keokuk, Mahaska,
Monroe, Poweshiek and Wapello.
20376 Harvey .. 3468 3129 332 161
1383 Haskell .. 248 349 57 31
3587 Hodg-eman 564 761 45 136
Buell McCash Dem 12988
16861 Jackson.. 3439 2896 34 60
H Grimes Soc 397
15820 Jefferson 3162 2904 116 77
7. Counties of Dallas. Madison. Marion, Polk,
Story and Warren.
18148 Jewell ... 2021 4180 135 248
18422 Johnson . 3767 3928 137 68
4737 Kearny .. 538 488 109 51
H. C Evans Dem 8.493
15374 Kingman. 1891 2626 167 259
Charles Gay Soc . . . 560
8954 Kiowa . 901 956 40 302
9. Counties of Adams, Appanoose, Clarke, De-
catur, Fremont, Lucas. Page. Ringgold. Taylor,
Union and Wayne.
Horace M Towner Rep . 20 409
34368 Labette .. 5327 6421 656 99
3361 Lane .... 363 659 81 29
41402 L'av'nw'rth 5534 6002 536 104
103°8 Lincoln 1716 2il06 54 64
D Fulton Rice Dem 11 258
14735 Linn .... 2699 2930 256 51
9. Counties of Adair. Audubon, Cass. Guthrie,
Harrison. Mills. Montgomery. Pottawattamie
and Shelby.
William R. Green. Rep..., 22.234
5901 Logan ... 590 709 70 37
24927 Lyon .... 4210 5581 356 308
23684 Marion .. 3453 2789 274 105
23880 Marshall.. 4581 4275 185 106
316
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Peculation.
21593
Hnche*.
1593 M'Phers'n 3791
7590 Meade ... 972
88
VTilion.
3730
977
188
Benson. H»n!y
238 213
71 143
S? ?i
2083 Morton .. 405
19072 Nemaha . 3591
27037 Neosho . 4052
6866 Ness .... 927
Ili823 Norton .. 1616
19905 Osage ... 3770
13544 Osborne . 2149
12269 Ottawa .. 2003
11613 Pawnee .. 1484
14150 Phillips . 2271
17522 Pot'w't'mi' 3688
14126 Pratt .... 1820
7209 Rawlins.. 803
44295 Reno .... 6832
17447 Republic.. 2882
15369 Rice .. .. 2493
17210 Riley . .. 3320
13705 Rooks .. 1621
9060 Rush . .. 1223
12487 Russell .. 2011
22718 Saline .. 3976
4468 Scott . .. 415
94305 Sedg-wick 10871
6477 Seward .. 678
67821 Shawnee.. 12597
6987 Sheridan.. 760
5428 Sherman.. 582
15365 Smith ... 2605
14465 Stafford . 1811
1549 Stanton . 180
3790 Stevens . 391
34320 Sunmer . 4078
6435 Thomas . 641
7351 Tre&o ... 867
12721 Waba'nsee 2640
3912 Wallaces . 381
20229 Wash'gt'n 3765
2597 Wichita . 318
22866 Wilson .. 2970
9450 Woodson.. 1861
119660 Wy'ndo'tel3863
Soldier vote 286
457
3579
4890
1213
2876
4276
2621
2691
2124
2912
2834
2607
1271
6649
3805
2800
2637
2394
1478
1934
4846
684
13368
1103
9452
1189
1196
3431
2148
170
646
5518
1299
1094
1706
497
3316
333
3493
1794
17850
235
51
61
238
177
173
287
82
117
120
149
61
130
165
941
147
188
299
111
173
79
225
110
868
97
510
55
87
175
174
22
46
458
101
68
89
79
127
43
553
161
1028
2
42
69
57
147
49
103
229
123
121
96
43
241
52
425
85
369
87
108
62
90
143
45
924
84
402
23
23
131
194
32
85
305
JI
41
73
28
87
380
2
Total.. 277658 314588 24685 12882
Plurality. 36930
Per cent. 44.09 49.95 3.92 2.04
Total vote 629813
For president in 1912. Taft. Rep., received
74.845 votes: Wilson. Dem.. 143,663: Roose-
velt, Prog.. 120.210: Debs. Soc., 26.779.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Arthur Capper, Rop 280.476
William H. Thompson, Dem 148,565
Eva Harding, Soc 11.400
For Governor, 1918.
Henry J. Allen. Rep 286.484
W. C. Lansdon. Dem 132.444
George W. Kleihege, Soc 12,703
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Atchison. Brown, Doniphan, Jack-
Bon. Jefferson, Leavenwortn, Nemaha and
Shawnee.
D. R. Anthony, Jr., Rep 33.573
Frank E. Whitney, Dem 17.020
George Stahlman. Soc 1.802
t. Counties of Allen, Anderson. Bourbon, Donglns,
Franklin. Johnson. Linn. Miami and Wyandotto.
Edward C. Little, Rep 32.510
H. S. Martin. Dem 23,145
Gertrude C. Hnrmnn. Soc 1,153
5. Counties of Chautauqua, Cherokee. Cowley.
Crawford. Elk. Labette. Montgomery. Neosho
and Wilson.
P. P. Campbell, Rep , 32,721
O. E. Pile, Dem 22.779
8. J. Mattox. Soc 2.810
B. T. Herrick. Ind 1,408
4. Counties of Cbase, Coffey, Greenwood, Lyon,
Marion, Morris. Osage. Pottawatomie. Wabaun-
see and Woodson.
Homer Hoch, Rep 26,800
Dudley Doolittle, Dem 17,697
W. S. Armour, Soc 1,011
5. Counties of Clay. Cloud. Geary. Dickinson.
Marshall, Ottawa. Republic, Riley, Saline and
Washington.
James G. Strong, Rep 29.567
Guy T. Helvering, Dem 17,950
Jacob Myers, Soc 1,069
6. Counties of Cheyenne. Decatur. Ellis. Ells-
worth. Gove. Graham. Jewell. Lincoln. Logan.
Mitchell. Norton. Osborne. Phillips. Rawlins.
Rooks. Russell. Sheridan. Sherman. Smith.
Thomas, Trego and Wallace.
Hays B. White, Rep 30299
J. R. Connelly, Dem 22.740
Daniel Beeby, Soc 1,594
7. Counties of Barber. Barton, Clark. Comanche.
Edwards. Finney. Ford. Grant. Gray. Greeley.
Hamilton. Harper. Hodgeman. Haskell. King-
man. Kiowa. Kenrny. Lane. Meade. Morton.
Ness. Pa\vnee. Pntt. Reno. Rice. Rush, Scott
Seward. Stafford. Stevens. Stanton and Wichita.
J. N. Tincher. Rep 37722
Jouett Shouse, Dem 27,535
Mrs. C. C. Jeffrys. Soc 1,811
8. Counties of Butler. Harvey, McPherson, Sedg-
wick and Sumner.-
W. A. Ayers, Dem 22,044
C. C. Mack, Rpp 20209
S. O. Coble. Soc '820
T ff?f stature.
The legislature is republican.
State Officers.
Governor— Henry J. Allen. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor—Charles S. Huffman Rep
Secretary of State— L. J. Pettijohn. Rep.'
Treasurer— Walter L. Payne. Rep.
Auditor— Fred W. Knapp, Rep.
Attorney-General— Richard J. Hopkins. Rep
Supt. Public Instruction— Miss L. E Wooster
Reo.
KENTFCKY (Population, 1917, 2,394,093).
Counties. , President 1916
Population (,120) Dam.
In 1917. Wilson
17682 Adair 1675
15047 Allen 1647
10215 Anderson 1521
14098 Ballard 2222
26822 Barren 3370
13988 Bath 1796
37751 Bell 1373
9420 Boone 2008
17462 Bourbon 2715
26809 Boyd 2738
15289 Boyle 2052
10308 Bracken . 1676
fRfhg: &
1863 1
2147 4
1065 1
692 75
2462 23
1360 8
3321 54
19890 Breathitt
21399 Breckinridge
9487 Bullitt
5805 Butler
^.Lt}*/ v/auo
63126 Camr
9048 Carlis
8110 Carro
2067
2172
1508
1158
1605
3334
7290
1646
1
757
14063 Caldwell ...
21497 Calloway ..
Campbell ..
sle ----
roll ..... ,
23236 Carter .......... 1954
15725 Casey ......... 1352
39489 Christian ...... 3644
18931 Clark .......... 2620
19558 Clay ............ 8^0
8358 Clinton ........ 379
13296 Critt-nd«n ..... 1455
10490 Cumberland . . . 653
42736 Daviess ....... 5396
10751 Fdmnnson ..... 935
9814 Elliott ......... 1151
12713 Estill .......... 1180
51834 Fayette ........ 6348
16066 Fleming- ....... 2°*0
20865 Floyd .......... 2217
21341 Franklin ...... 3345
45988 Fulton ......... 2200
4697 Gallatin ....... 1060
13
1
10
49
135
513
19
8
54
19
2~9
7
1
19
1
16
12
17
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
917
Population. Wilson.
11894 Garrard 1375
105&1 Grant 1841
33784 Graves 6197
20016 Grayson, 1953
11871 Green 1239
20695 Greenup 1820
8512 Hancock 833
22696 Hardin 3£72
11096 Harlan 690
16873 Harrison 2778
18173 Hart 2048
29352 Henderson 3699
13716 Henry 2595
11752 Hickman 1982
36696 Hopkins 37o7
10859 Jackson 252
285089 Jefferson 28840
13115 Jessamine 1727
20220 Johnson 1253
75293 Kenton 10402
12312 Knott 1454
25577 Knox 1126
10701 Larue 1350
21536 Laurel 1371
20399 Lawrence 1910
10659 Lee 793
10598 Leslie 133
11682 Letcher 1121
16887 Lewis 1276
18508 Lincoln 2212
10627 Livingston 1287
24977 Logan 3373
9498 Lyon 1191
27931 Madison 3295
14857 Magoffin 1433
16359 Marion 206J
17287 Marshall 2263
8394 Martin 280
18611 Mason 2820
39685 McCracken 4356
8000 McCreary 324
13818 M,cLean 1589
9783 Meade 1317
6153 Menifee 730
14063 Mercer 2093
10792 Metcalfe 1046
14108 Monroe 882
12892 Montgomery ... 1705
18789 Morgan 2319
34332 Muhlenburg ... 2900
17006 Nelson 2639
10601 Nicholas 1829
27902 Ohio 2723
7371) Oldham 1455
14248 Owen 2911
?784 Owsley . 197
985 Pendleton 1728
13429 Perry 904
38243 Pike 3414
6268 Powell
38110 Pulaski
4121 Robertson
15972 Rockcastle ....
10285 Rowan
11712 Russell
16956 Scott
18041 Shelby ...
11460 Simpson 1887
7682 Spencer 1271
12608 Taylor 1360
16488 Todd 20al
14878 Trigg 1722
6512 Trimble 1319
19886 Union 2754
31023 Warren 422:
13940 Washington .... 1654
18434 Wayne 1373
21614* Webster 2673
31366 Whitley
10665 Wolfe
12571 Woodford <
156
Total ........ 269990 241854 4734
4.59 .91
Total vote ..... 518028
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
3.036 votes: the progressives cast 122 vote
and Reimer Soc.-Lab.. received 321 votes.
For president in 1912 Wilson. Dem., received
519.584 votes: Taft, Rep.. 115.512: Roosevelt.
Prog.. 102.766: Debs. Soc., 11.647; Chafin,
Pro.. 3.233: Reimer. Soc.-Lab.. 956.
For United States Senator, 1918.
A. O Stanley. Dem 184.385
Ben L. Brunei1. Rep 178.797
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
. The counties of Ballard, Caldwell. Galloway
Carlisle, Crittenden, Fulton, Graves. Hickman!
Lyon. Livingston. Marshall, McCracken and
Trigg.
Allen W. Barkley, Dem 19998
W. G. Howard, Rep 9*947
2. The counties of Christian. Daviess Hancock,
Henderson. Hopkins, McLean. Union and Web-
ster.
David H. Kincheloe. Dem 18.749
Ben T. Robinson. Rep 13.740
. The counties of Allen. Barren. Butler. Edmon-
son, Logan. Metcalfe. Muhlenburg, Simpson,
Todd and Warren.
R. Y. Thomas, Jr., Dem 18.032
Bishop S. Huntsman. Rep 16.443
4. The counties of Breckin ridge, Bullitt, Grayson,
Green, Hardin, Hart, Larue. Marion, Meade
Nelson. Ohio. Taylor and Washington.
Ben Johnson, Dem 18.834
John P. Haswell, Jr., Rep 17.075
5. The county of Jefferson.
Charles F. Ogden. Rep 21.788
Swager Sherley. Dem 20.703
6. The counties of Boone, Campbell, Carroll. Gal-
latin, Grant. Kenton. Pendleton and Trimble.
Arthur B. Rouse. Dem 19,039
Virgil Weaver, Rep 8,842
7. The counties of Bourbon. Clark. Estill. Fay-
ette. Franklin, Henry. Lee. Oldham. Owen.
Powell. Scott and Woodford.
J. C. Cantrill. Dem 19,612
A. B. Hammond, Rep 12,590
8. The counties of Adair, Anderson, Boyle, Casey,
Garrard. Jessamine. Lincoln, Madison, Mercer.
Shelby. Spencer.
Harvey Helm, Dem 15.270
Robert L. Davidson. Rep 13,673
9. The counties of Bracken. Bath, Boyd. Carter.
Elliott. Fleming. Greenup. Harrison, Lewis,
Lawrence, Mason, Menefee. Morgan. Nicholas.
Robertson. Rowan. Wolfe, Montgomery. Breath-
W.' J. Fields. Dem ,...21.810
Trumbo Sindegas, Rep 18.106
10. The counties of Floyd, Jackson, Johnson,
Knott. Letcher. Martin. "Magoffin. Owsley. Pike
and Perry (Knott county missing).
John W. Langley, Rep 13.284
David Hays. Dem 6.511
11. The counties of Bell. Clay, Clinton, Cumber-
land, Harlnn. Knox. Leslie. McCreary. Monroe,
Pulaski. Russell. Rockcastle. Wayne. Whitley
and Laurel.
J. M. Rohison, Rep 24.730
Nat W. Elliott, Dem 7.656
Legislature. Senate. House. J. B.
Democrats 20 46
Republicans 18 54 72
State Officers.
Governor— Edwin F. Morrow. Rep.
Secretary of State— Fred A. Vaughn, Rep.
Treasurer— James A. Wallace, Rep.
Auditor— John G. Graig. Rep.
Attorney-General—Charles I. Dawson. Rep.
LOUISIANA (Population. 1917, 1,856,954).
Parishes. ,-President, 1916-p
*W <64> £?£, 8SS: ^
37953 Acadia 202 1165 22
14139 Allen 81 708 J
23887 Ascension 106 531 »1
25959 Assumption 221 489 373
818
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Population. Hughes.
37315 Avoyelles 44
19589 Beaure§rard 59
24833 Bienville 20
21738 Bossier 9
68200 Caddo 151
31974 Calcasieu 165
9816 Caldwell 20
4534 Cameron 10
11745 Catahoula 20
26525 Claiborne 15
14803 Concordia 10
29606 DeSoto 17
37082 East Baton Rouge.. 130
11831 East Carroll 3
20055 East Feliciana 21
Evangeline 26
14251 Franklin 10
18188 Grant 31
32901 Iberia 134
33836 Iberville 160
17248 Jackson 27
20382 Jefferson 56
20681 Jefferson Davis .... 200
33045 Lafayette 73
36197 La Fourche 157
10603 LaSalle 20
20375 Lincoln 42
12471 Livingston 3o
10676 Madison 1
20357 Morehouse 3
38820 Natchitoches 45
377010 New Orleans (city) .2581
29394 Ouachita 35
12524 Plaquemines 43
25289 Pointe Coupee 37
48172 Rapides 134
11402 Red River 4
19165 Richland 7
23125 Sabine 30
5457 St. Bernard 23
12764 St. Charles 30
9677 St. Helena 9
25061 St. James 185
15802 St. John the Baptist 115
55186 St. Landry 117
26083 St. Martin 36
43181 St. Mary 162
22990 St. Tammany 95
37579 Tangipahoa 159
17060 Tensas 5
31133 Terre Bonne 113
21860 Union 22
30538 Vermilion 78
22534 Vernon —
25643 Washing-ton 66
22149 Webster 6
14352 West Baton Rouge.. 28
8120 West Carroll 14
13449 West Feliciana 8
24714: Winn 50
Wilson.
1253
968
1229
675
3109
1798
554
163
459
1276
264
1104
1482
219
489
Total 6466 79875 6349
Plurality 73409
Per cent 6.98 85.95 6.74
Total vote 92974
For president in 1916 Benson. Soc., re-
ceived 284 votes.
For United States Senators, 1918.
Edward J. Gay, Dem. (short term) 44,345
J. E. Ransdell, Dem. (long term) 44,224
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Parishes of Orleans (half), St. Bernard and
Plaquemines.
Albert Estopinal, Dem 11,060
2. Parishes of Orleans (half), Jefferson, St.
Charles, St. John the Baptist and St. James.
H. Garland Dupre, Dem 10,391
8. Parishes of Assumption, Iberia, Lafayette,
La Fourche. St. Martin, St. Mary, Terre Bonne
and Vermilion.
Whit P. Martin. Dem 2,888
4. Parishei of Caddo, DeSoto. Bossier. Red River,
Webster. Bienville, Claiborne.
John T. Watkins. Dem 5,299
5. Parishes of Catahoula, Jackson, Caldwell,
West Carroll, Concordia. East Carroll, Frank-
lin, Madison, Morehouse, Ouachita, Richland.
Tensas. Union and Lincoln.
Riley J. Wilson, Dem 3,831
6. Parishes of Ascension, Iberville, East Baton
Rouge, East Feliciana, Livingston, St. Helena,
St. Tammany, Taugipahoa, Washington, West
Baton Rogue, West Feliciana and Pointe
Coupee.
Jared Y. Sanders, Dem 3,659
7. Parishes of Acadia. Calcasieu, Cameron,
Evangeline, St. Landry, Allen, Beauregard,
Jefferson Davis.
L. Lazaro, Dem 3,584
8. Parishes of Avoyelles, Grant. Rapides, Nat-
chitoches. Winn, Sabine, LaSalle, Vernon.
J. B. Aswell, Dem 4,082
Legislature.
Both branches of the legislature are democratic.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — Ruffin G. Pleasant.
tieutenant-Governor— Fernand L. Mouton.
Secretary of State — James J. Bailey.
Treasurer — Henry Hunsicker.
MAINE (Population, 1917, 777,340).
Counties. , — President 1916 — *
Population (16) Rep. Dem. Soc.
in 1917. Hughes. 'Wilson- Benson.
63890 Androscoggin 4496 5464 279
84825 Aroostook 5775 2420 48
120281 Cumberland 11768 9795 321
19611 Franklin 1988 1908 63
35575 Hancock 3191 3303 125
65595 Kennebec 6731 5527 223
28981 Knox 2211 3434 179
18216 Lincoln 1781 1718 51
E 91 89 Oxford 4026 3615
1882 Penobscot 7322 7395
22030 Piscataquis 2141 1763
18574 Sag-adahoc 1828 1791 91
38089 Somerset 3567 3134 236
23383 Waldo 2418 2539 104
42905 Washing-ton 3890 3459 63
71184 York 6373 6853 142
Total 69506 64118 2186
Plurality 5388
Per cant 50.96 47.00 1.60
Total vote 136405
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
595 votes.
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem. received
51.113 votes; Roosevelt. Prog:., 48.493. Taft.
Rep., 26,545: Debs, Soc.. 2,511; Chafin. Pro.,
For United States Senator, 1918.
Bert M. Fernald. Rep 67,431
Elmer E. Newbert. Dem 54,839
For Governor, 1918.
Carl E. Milliken. Rep 64,069
Bertrand G. Mclntire, Dem 58,918
For Representatives in- Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Cumberland and York.
Louis B. Goodall, Rep 15,565
Lucius B. Swett. Dem 13,389
2. Counties of Androscoggin, Franklin, Knox, Liu
coin, Oxford and Sagadahoc.
Wallace W. White. Jr., Rep 17,928
D. J. McGillicuddy, Dem 15.144
3. Counties of Hancock, Kennebec, Somerset,
Waldo and Washington.
John A. Peters, Rep 20,293
Edward Chase, Dem ,..14.930
4. Counties of Aroostook, Penobscot and Pisca-
taquis.
Ira G. Kersey, Rep 14,275
Leon G. C. Brown. Dem 10.S1S
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 29 110 139
Democrats 2 41 43
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
319
State Officers.
Governor— Carl E. Milliken. Rep.
Secretary— Frank W. Ball, Rep.
Treasurer— Joseph W. Simpson, Rep.
MARYLAND (Population, 1917, 1,373,673)
Counties. /• - President 1916^ — •1
(23)
68774 Allegany ....... 4859
39558 Anne Arundel.. 4111
145-ill Bait. more ...... 152^6
10398 Calvert ........ 910
21382 Caroline ....... 1965
33986 Carroll ........ 4016
23759 Cecil ........... 2587
16386 Charles ........ 1363
29184 Dorchester ..... 2750
53221 Frederick ...... 6094
21859 Garrctt ........ 1031
27965 Harford ....... 3345
16196 Howard ........ 1913
16957 Kent ........... 1886
33284 Montgomery ... 3805
40708 Prince Georges. 3493
16839 Queen Annes .. 2206
17030 St. Man's ...... 1443
26843 Somerset ...... 1885
19620 Talbot ......... 2180
52890 Washington .... 5642
29706 Wicomico .....
22554 Worcester .....
694637 Baltimore city
Soc.
3285
2138
60226
49805 1216
Total 138359 117347 2674
Plurality 21012
Per cent 52.80 44.78 1.02
Total vote 262039
For president in 1916 Reimer, Soc.-Lab.. re-
ceived 756 votes: Hanly. Pro., rece ved 2.903.
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., had
112,674 votes; Roosevelt, Prog., 57.789; Taft.
Rep.. 54,956; Debs. Soc... 3.996; Chafin. Pro..
2,244; Reimer. Soc. -Lab.. 322.
For Governor, 1919.
Albert C. Ritchie. Dem 112.240
Harry W. Nice, Rep , 112,075
For United States Senator, 1916.
Joseph Irwin France, Rep 113,662
David J. Lewis, Dem 109.740
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Worcester. Somerset. Wicomico.
Dorchester, Talbot, Queen Anne, Caroline,
Kent and Cecil.
William N. Andrews. Rep 14,219
Jesse D. Price, Dem 13.913
2. Baltimore city, wards 15 and 16: counties of
Carroll. Harford and Baltimore.
Carville D. Benson. Dem 17,985
Charles J. Hull, Rep 14,758
William H. Champlin, Soc 568
3. Baltimore city, wards 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 and
22 and the 9th, 10th. llth and 13th precincts of
the 18th ward.
Charles P. Coady, Dem 12,422
Charles A. Jording. Rep 8,244
William A. Toole. Soc 604
4. Baltimore city, wards 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 17,
19 and 20 and the 1st. 2d. 3d and 12th precincts
of the 18th ward.
J. Charles Linthicum, Dem 14.689
Walter E. Knickham. Rep 10,718
Charles B. Lazzell. Soc 368
5. Baltimore city, wards 21. 23 and 24 and the
4th. 5th. 6th. 7th and 8th precincts of the ISth
ward, counties of St. Mary. Charles, Calvert,
Prince George. Anno Arundel and Howard.
Sydney E. Mudd, Rep 13.266
Frank M. Duvall. Dem 10,987
James L. Smiley, Soc 464
6. Counties of Allocany. Garrett, Washington,
Monteomery. and Frederick.
Frederick M. Zihlman. Rep 14.872
Henry D. Etchison. Dem 11,469
S. L. V. Young, Soc 708
Legislature. Senate. Hou^e. J.B.
Republicans 11 44 55
Democrats 16 56 72
People's 2 2
State Officers.
Governor — Albert C. Ri'chie. Dem.
Secretary — Thomas W. Simmons.
Treasurer— William P. Jackson.
Comptroller— E. Brook Lee, Dem.
Attorney-General — Alexander Armstrong, Rep.
MASSACHUSETTS (Pop., 1917, 3,775,973).
Counties.
Population (14)
27542 Barnstable
112260 Berkshire .
367147 Bristol ....
4504 Dukes
:h s.
2836
9787
22578
464
404469 Essex 35909
45345 Franklin 4353
273076 Hampden 18207
66618 Hampshire ... 5748
745992 Middlesex 60802
2962 Nantucket .... 249
196601 Norfolk 19284
166492 Plymouth 13515
836119 Suffolk 42192
438124 Worcester 32541
Absent voters 19
Presid3.nl 1916 %
Rep. Dem. Soc.
1892
8357
18065
309
484
3054
17028
4202
49844
307
12702
11009
61047
27540
40
2093
166
761
190
1660
6
615
1041
1998
1064
Total 268784 247885 11058
Plurality 2CC99
Percent 50.54 46.61 2.08
Total vote 531817
For governor in 1917 McCall. Rep., received
226,145 votes: Mansfield. Dem.. 135.666:
Hayes. Soc.-Lab.._5.243; McCarthy. Soc.. 16,-
608; Lawrence, Pro.. 4.265.
For Governor, 1919.
Calvin Coolidge. Rep 317,608
Richard H. Long. Dem 193,335
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Berkshire. Franklin (part), Hamp-
den (part) and Hampshire (part).
Allen T. Treadway. Rep 15,953
Thomas F. Cassidy, Dem 11,394
2. Counties of Franklin (part), Hampden (part)
and Hampshire (part).
Frederick H. Gillett, Rep 20,277
3. Counties of Franklin (part), Hampden (part),
Hampshire (part), Middlesex (part) and Worces-
ter (part).
Calvin D. Paige. Rep 15,267
Eaton D. Sargent, Dem 9,982
4. Counties of Middlesex (part) and Worcester
(part).
Samuel E. Winslow, Rep 14,141
John F. McGrath, Dem 12,792
5. Counties of Essex (part), Middlesex (part) and
Worcester (part).
John J. Rogers, Rep 20,496
6. County of Essex- (part).
Wilfred W. Lufkin. Rep 21,147
Estus E. Eames. Soc 2,648
7 County of Essex (part).
Charles C. Johnson, Rep 16.754
Michael F. Phelan. Dem 14,437
8. County of Middlesex (part).
Frederick W. Dallingpr. Rep 16,234
James F. Aylward, Dim 11,717
9. Counties of Middlesex (oart) and Suffolk (partK
Alvan T. Fuller. Rep 17,597
Henry C. Rowland, Dem 8,022
10. Wards 1, 2. 3, 4. 5, 6. 7. S. 9 and 11 (precincts
1 and 2^ of Boston, in Suffolk county.
John F. Fitzgerald. Dem 7,241
Peter F. Tague, Tnd 7,003
H. T. Fletcher. Rep 1,071
11. Wards 10. 11 (precincts 3, 4, 5, 6. 7, 8, 9), 12.
18. 19. 21. 22. 23 of B^'on, in Suffolk county.
George H. Tinkham. Rep 13.644
Francis J. Horgan, Dem 10,529
320
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
12. Wards 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20 and 24 of Boston,
In Suffolk county.
James A. Gallivan, Dem 18.349
Harrison H. Atwood, Rep 7,709
13. Counties of Middlesex (part), Norfolk (part),
Suffolk (ward 25 in Boston) and Worcester
(part).
Robert Luce, Rep 18.257
Aloysius J. Doon, Dem 12,538
14. Counties of Bristol (part), Norfo'k rpart),
Plymouth (part) and Suffolk (ward 26 in Bos-
ton).
Richard Olney II., Dem 18,009
Louis P. R. Langelier, Rep 13,832
15. Counties of Bristol (part) and Plymouth
(part).
William S. Greene, Rep 12,952
Arthur J. B. Cartier, Dem 8,031
16. Counties of Barnstable. Bristol (part). Dukes.
Nantucket. Norfolk (part) and Plymouth (part).
Joseph Walsh. Rep 13.874
Frederick Tudor, Dem 8,357
Legislature. Senate.House. J B.
Republicans 30 181 211
Democrats 10 59 69
State Officers.
Governor— Alvin Coolidge. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor— Charming- H. Cox, Rep.
Secretary of State — Albert P. Langtry, Rep.
Treasurer and Receiver-General—Fred J. Bur-
rell. Rep.
Auditor — Alonzo B. Cook. Rep.
Attorney-General— J. Weston Allen, Rep.
MICHIGAN (Population, 1917, 3,094,266).
Counties. / Presidsnt 1916 »
population (83) Rep. Dem. Soc.
in 1917. HughM. \>i,i>un B.usou
6711 Alcona 573 453 38
8995 Alger 687 650 65
40555 Allegan 4803 3591 223
21213 Alpena 2020 1392 61
15692 Antrim 1336 932 150
9640 Arenac 911 938 59
7447 Baraga 748 462 88
22791 Barry 3157 2491 112
72515 Bay 6708 5996 317
11333 Benzie 900 770 159
56874 Bernen 7511 6054 231
S5605 Branch. 3100 3062 93
61984 Calhoun 6484 8037 648
20624 Cass 2518 2666 142
22954 Charlevoix .... 1877 1152 307
19592 Cheboygan ... 1576 1389 89
26759 Chippewa 2365 1768 140
9883 Clare 1049 769 76
23129 Clmton 3381 2094 39
4656 Crawford 409 450 19
34653 Delta 3088 1781 244
22448 Dickinson 2393 1291 213
30499 Eaton 3802 3461 107
20749 Emmet 1724 1363 290
81163 Genesee 9353 9311 416
9762 Gladwin 935 729 62
28147 Gogebic 2204 1540 123
26197 Grand Traverse 1917 1848 331
28820 Graitiot 3434 2960 60
29673 Hill5cl?!e 3463 3424 43
104181 Houghton .... 8013 4615 273
35192 Huron 4743 1816 74
63157 Ingham 7846 7664 623
33550 Ionia 3950 3911 139
9753 losco 984 729 24
19669 Iron 2139 877 125
23207 Isabella 2700 2143 73
57225 Jackson 6938 8058 203
72191 Kalamazoo ... 5951 7164 794
8800 Ealkaska 724 430 80
180626 Kent 16095 20364 939
10031 Keweenaw ... 860 194 21
4939 Lake 588 347 29
26033 Lapeer 3345 1937 23
10644 Leelanau 984 763 56
47907 Lenawee 6247 5519 78
Population.
17736
4748
10377
32606
26688
50753
23981
19466
25648
14005
11551
33035
32069
4135
43161
20348
53066
19645
9740
10439
17011
2434
6826
49412
13021
2627
95179
33930
9258
33246
52341
26674
34913
33185
44714
665025
23631
Livingston . ,
Luce
Mackinac ....
Macomb
Manistee ....
Marquette ...
Mason
Mecosta
Menominee . .
Midland
Missaukee ...
Monroe
Montcalm . . .
Montrnorency
Muskegon ...,
Newaygo
Oakland
Oceana
Og-emaw
Ontonagron . .
Osceola
Oscoda
Otsego
Ottawa
Presque Isle.
Roscommon
Saginaw .
Sanilac
Schoolcraft .
Shiawassee . .
St. Clair
St. Joseph ...
Ttiscola
Van Buren . ,
Washtenaw .
Wayne
Wexf ord
527
1082
5263
2198
2455
2671
2104
1160
3787
3894
396
5692
2417
7730
1957
878
2193
1235
245
1407
311
9544
4639
994
3926
6538
3132
4461
4302
2333
.
2297
257
908
3108
2177
2625
1689
1478
1854
1454
917
4202
2801
272
4465
1625
6659
1387
743
1285
888
175
8434
1867
623
3308
4617
3567
2329
3225
5279
60935
1683
3]
42
331
175
255
117
60
26
47
108
54
601
292
170
42
18
122
5
9
244
60
24
312
38
45
180
129
191
52
167
136
3204
115
283993 16012
Total 337955
Plurality 5395J
Per cent
Total vote 646873
For president in 1916 Reimer, Soc -Lab re-
ceived 831 and Hanly. Pro., 8.085 votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Truman HNewberry, Rep 220.054
Henry Ford, Dem 21*487
Edward O. Foss, Soc...
William J. Faull, Pro '..'.'.'.'.'.'. 1.133
For Governor, 1918.
Albert E. Sleeper. Rep... 266 7S8
John W. Bailey, Dem..
Ernest J. Moore, Soc ' J'QKS
John S. McColl. Pro
Paul O. Hinds, Soc.-Lab ...I'.!!!'.!'. *790
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Wayne county (part).
Frank E. Doremus, Dem 22549
James W. Hanley, Rep w'ofil
Nathan N. Welch, Soc... ....!!;..!!."*.;'.;:: 752
2. Jackson, Washtenaw, Wayne (part), ' Lenawee
and Monroe counties.
Earl C. Michener. Rep 20831
Samuel W. Beskes. Dem le'^TG
Milton V. Breitmeyer. Soc *247
Ernest J. Moore, Soc.-Lab 39
3. Branch, Calhoun, Eaton, Hillsdale and Kala-
mazoo counties.
John M. C. Smith. Rep 15.418
Howard W. C.-n-nnaph. Dem 8891
Will H. Ressequie, Soc 281
4. Allegan, Barry, Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph and
Van Buren counties.
Edward L. Hamilton. Rep 20.904
James O'Hara, Dem 10,842
5. Kent and Ottawa counties.
Carl E. Mapes. Rep 22.917
Peter J. Danhoff. Dem 10.783
George W. Eldridge, Soc 585
6. Genesee. Inghara. Livingston, Oakland and
Wayne (part^ counties.
Patrick H. Kelley, Rep 29.183
Oscar Sand. Soc 801
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
321
7. Huron, Lapeer, Macomb, Sanilac, St. Clair
and Tuscola counties.
Louis C. Crampton, Rep 20.573
John W. Scully. Dem 7.155
John Dubel, Soc 344
8. Clinton. Gratiot, Ionia, Montcalm, Saginaw
and Sliiawassee counties.
Joseph W. Fordney, Rep 22,240
Miles J. Purcell. Dem 13,153
9. Benzie, Grand Traverse, Lake, Leelannu, Man-
istee. Mason, Missaukee, Muskegon, Newaygo,
Oceana and Wexford counties.
James C. McLaughlin, Rep 17,624
Charles M. Black. Dem 8.317
Edward Genia, Soc 604
10. Alcona, Arenac. Bay, Clare, Crawford. Glad-
win, losco, Isabella, Mecosta, Midland, Oge-
maw, Osceola, Oscoda and Roscommon coun-
ties.
Gilbert A. Currie. Rep 18,409
Henry C. Haller, Dem 8.312
George A. Alpin 362
11. Alger, Alpena, Antrim, Charlevoix, Cheboy-
gan, Chippewa, Delta, Emmett, Kalkaska,
Luce, Mackinac, Menominee, Montmorency,
Otseeo, Presque Isle and Schoolcraft counties.
Frank D. Scott, Rep 16.365
Michael J. Doyle. Dem 8.183
12. Baraga, Dickinson. Gogebic, Houghton. Iron,
Keweenaw, Marquette and Ontonagon counties.
W. Frank James. Rep 17,315
Albert S. Ley, Dem 6.681
John Kuskila. Soc 804
13. Wayne county (part).
Charles A. Nichols, Rep 24,525
Louis W. McLear, Dem 11,617
Maurice Sugar, Soc 516
Legislature. Senate.House.J.B.
Republicans 32 98 130
Democrats 022
State Officers.
Governor— Albert E. Sleeper, Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — L. D. Dickinson, R<ep.
Treasurer— Frank E. Gorman, Rep.
Secretary of State — Coleman C. Vaughan, Rep.
Attorney-General—Alexander J. Groesbeck, Rep.
Auditor-General— Oramel B. Fuller. Rep.
MINNESOTA (Population, 1917, 2,312,445).
Counties. ,-^President 1916 x
Population (86)
13019 Aitkin 1122
13354 Anoka 1262
20994 Becker 1761
27341 Beltrami 1831
12857 Benton 1020
9830 Big Stone 810
29337 Blue Earth .... 2864
20387 Brown 2078
23065 Carlton 1096
17455 Carver 1950
14425 Cass 982
14158 Chippewa 1311
13747 Chisago 1749
20881 Clay 1549
9713 Clearwater 493
1719 Cook 125
13076 Cottonwood ... 1425
18766 Crow Wing1 .... 1715
27681 Dakota 1881
12094 Dodge 1260
17669 Douglas 1709
19949 Faribault 2184
25680 Fillmore 2950
22606 Freeborn 2418
32001 Goodhue 3471
9244 Grant 878
410227 Hennepln 27957
14297 Houston 1783
12204 Hubbard 685
13300 Isanti 1123
27338 Itasca 1163
14491 Jackson 1503
7809 Kanabeo 776
Dem.
Wilson.
877
1171
1453
1913
945
869
2211
1101
1115
9«0
1260
1134
944
1716
544
162
763
1568
2373
895
1398
• 1123
1315
1347
1875
778
36395
744
799
935
1504
1272
608
181
716
81
77
95
252
425
34
281
261
130
104
158
63
116
445
176
76
92
106
122
66
3302
23
171
217
429
75
174
Population
19373
10967
10217
16271
10462
18609
10536
16546
18691
3249
16805
17943
17022
13630
24901
22S61
11755
14125
15412
13446
32497
46519
10983
(rhe«.
1612
709
474
1614
401
1430
777
1389
1772
262
1461
1741
1780
1127
1887
2520
1137
128
141
104
Kandiyohi .
Kittson
Koochiching- .
Lac qui Parle
Lake
Le Sueur
Lincoln
Lyon . .
McLeod
Myhnomen
Marshall
Martin
Meeker
Mille Lacs
Morrison ,
Mower . . .
Murray . .
Nicollat
Nobles
Norman
Olmsted
Otter Tail
Pennine-ton
Pine
Pipestone .
Polk
Pope
Ramsey
Red Lake
Redwood
Renville
Rice . . .
Rock ..
Roseau
St. Louis
Scott
Sherburne
Sibley
§ teams
teele
Stevens
Swift
Todd ...
Traverse
Wabasha
Wadena
Waseca
Washing-ton
Watonwan
Wilk'n
Winona
Wright
Yellow Medicine
36419
12869
262450
7689
19274
23123
25911
10626
14509
221920
14888
8759
15540
50119
16146
8293
12949
24277
8395
18554
9185
13466
26013
11383
9780
33398
28082-
15991
Per cent 46.35 46.24 5.19
Total vote 387378
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received
64.334 votes; Wilson, Dem.. 106.426- Roose-
velt, Prog.. 125.856; Debs, Soc 27 505 •
Chafin, Pro.. 7.886; Reimer, Soc.-Lab 2 212*
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
7,793 votes, Reimer. Soc,-Lab.t 468 and
Meier, Pro. (elector), 290.
For Governor, 1918.
Joseph A. A. Burnquist, Rep M 166.515
rred E. Wheaton, Dem 75 79?
Olaf O. Stageberg, National... ' 6*648
L. P. Berot. Soc mm" 7)794
David H. Evans, Farmer-Labor . ...!!lll,948
For United States Senator, 1918.
Knute Nelson, Rep 206555
Willis G. Calderwood, National '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.Itf'.ZU
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Dodge, Fillmcre. Freeborn. Hous-
ton, Mower, Olmsted, Steele, Wabasha. Waseca
and Winona.
Sydney Anderson, Rep 29,337
2. Counties of Blue Earth. Brown. Cottonwood.
F.irihault. Jackson. Lincoln, Martin, Murray,
Nobles. Pipestone, Redwood, Rock and Waton-
wan.
323
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Franklin F. Ellsworth, Rep 24,
Frank Simon, Dem 11,161
3. Counties of Carver. Dakota, Goodhue. Le
Sueur. McLeod, Nicollet. Rice. Scott. Sibluy
and Washington.
Charles R. Davis. Rep 20,092
John J. Farrell. Dem 17,530
4. County of Ramsey.
Carl C. Van Dyke, Dem 18,736
Walter Mallory, Rep 11.498
5. First, 2d, eth, Cth, 7th, 8th. llth, 12th and
13th wards of the city of Minneapolis and the
township of St. Anthony, ail in Hennepin
county.
Walter H. Newton, Rep 21,607
W. C. Robertson. Dem 15,912
6. Counties cf Aitkin, Bentou, Boltrami, Cass.
Crow Wing, Hubbarcl. Morrison, Sherburne,
Stearns, Todd and Wadena.
Harold Knutson, Rep 22,633
P. J. Russell. Dem 8.660
7. Counties of Big Stone. Chippevva, Douglas.
Grant, Kandiyohi, Lac qui Parle, Lyon, Meeker.
Pope, Renville, Stevens, Swift, Traverse and
Yellow Medicine.
Andrew J. Volstead, Rep 21,406
B. E. Lobeck, National 16.587
8. Counties of Carlton, Cock, Itasca, Koochioh-
ing, Lake and St. Louis.
W. L. Carss, Ind 17,266
Clarence B. Miller, Rep 12,964
9. Counties of Becker, Clay, Clearwater, Kittson,
Mahnomen, Marshall, Norman, Otter Tail, Pen-
niugton. Polk, Red Lake. Roseau and Wilkin.
Halvor Steenerson, Rep 26,303
10. Counties of Anoka. Chisago, Isanti. Kanabec.
Mille Lacs, Pine, Wright and Hennepin (except
township of St. Anthony) and 3d, 4th and 10th
wards of Minneapolis.
Thomas D. Schall, Rep 25,866
Henry A. Finlayson, Dem 10,534
Legislature
There are no party divisions. Under the law
every legislator is elected as a nonpartisan.
State Officers.
Governor— J. A. A. Burnquist. Ren.
Lieutenant-Governor — Thomas Frankson, Rep.
Secretary of State— Julius A. Schmahl, Rep.
Auditor— Jacob A. O. Preus. Rep.
Treasurer — Henry Rines. Rep.
Attorney-General—Clifford L. Hilton, Rep.
MISSISSIPPI (Population,
Counties.
*«' (82)
25265 Adams
20474 Alcorn
24592 Amite
S0751 Attala
10245 Bcnton
58744 Bolivar (no election)
18613 Calhoun
23886 Carroll
25002 Ch ckasaw
15322 Choctaw
17403 Claiborne
24469 Clarke
20671 Clay
40000 Coahoma
37023 Copiah
21135 Covintrton
23130 De Soto
2SO'U Forrest
16298 Franklin
7420 George
6303 Grsene
16906 Grenada
11207 Hancock
37096 Harrison
71S65 Hinds
40738 Holmes
Humphreys
10676 Issaquena
15243 Itawamba
17374 Jackson
20762 Jasper
1917, 1,976,570).
^President 1910^
Dem. Rep. Soc.
Wi'.son. liughea. Be:.J
42 1
125 13
16 6
110
671
1452
1267
1,607
718
1225
9-13
1215
873
435
1093
832
697
14C6
8C6
861
1K:6
7C9
341
399
649
512
1395
2220
1070
47
53
5
49
27
21
20
63
12
54
22
I!
28
68
197
97
21
25
94 8 2
1407 184 1
743 87 22
1040 38 37
Population
28221
16074
38073
20348
21883
15748
Wilson.
Jefferson 456
Jefferoon Davis 634
Jones 1664
Kcmper 9^9
Lafayette 1370
Lamar
uderdale
wrencs
ake ..
1877
34243
15922
26796
38070
18559
21816
2551
28503
19676
37917
14208
10395
29372
20719
17765
16087
26124
18479
18260
20413
19191
7531
8058
3058
725
1434
16G3
e Flore 853
incoln 12G2
Lowndes 1028
Madison 782
Marion 792
Marshall 1017
Monroa 1684
Montgomery 997
Ncshoba 1459
Newton 1341
Noxubee 656
Oktibbeha 911
Panola 1262
Pearl River 521
Perry 395
Pike 1451
Pontotoc Iol4
Prcntiss 1342
Quitman 272
Rankin 1104
Scott 1106
Sharkey 246
Simpson 966
Smith 1271
Stone 451
Sunflower 879
Tallahatch'e 10<31
^ate 1074
ippah 1547
ishomingo 1031
Tunica 173
Union 1666
Walthall 665
Warren 1204
Washington 836
Wayne 787
Webster 9-14
Wilkinson 460
Winston 1152
Yalobusha 1175
Yazoo 1146
n
Total 80422 4253 1469
Plurality 70169
Percent 92.82 4.91 1.70
Total vote 86612
For president in 1916 the progressives re-
ceived 498 votes.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Alcorn. Itawamba. Lee. Lown-
des, Monroe, Oktibbeha. Prenti&s, Noxubee and
Tishomiuso.
E. S. Gaudier, Dem 4,037
2. The counties of Benton. De Soto. Lafayette
Marshall, Panola, Tallahatchie, Tate, lipu^lj
and Union.
H. D. Stephens. Dem 4,270
3. The counties of Bolivar, Coahoma. Issaquena,
Le Flore. Quitman, Sharkey, Sunflower. Tunica
Holmes and Washington.
B. G. Humphreys, Dem 2,339
4. The counties of Calhoun. Carroll, Chickosaw.
Choctaw, Clay, Grenada, Montgomery, Ponto-
toc. We^strr, Yalobusha and Attala.
T. U. Sisson. Dem 4,135
J. G. Adams, Soc 160
5. The counties of Winston. Clarke. Jasper, Lau-
derdile, Leake, Neshoba, Newton, Scott, Smith
nnd Kemner.
W. W. Venable. Dem 6,174
6. The counties of Co"ington, Forrest, Grorge,
Grrene, Hancock, Harrison, Jefferson Davis,
Jackson, Jonps, Lawrence, Man'on, Perry,
Wayne, Simpson, P'one and Pearl River.
B. P. Harrison. Dem 5,029
F. T. Maxwell. Soc 246
7. The counties of Claiborne, Gooiah. Franklin.
A.LMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Jefferson, Lincoln. Adams, Pike, Amite and
Wilkinson.
Percy E Quin Dem 3 092
Population
Wilton. HughM. Beaxoa
1042 1733 28
1395 1862 88
1874 1330 48
1675 1748 36
3738 742 85
2715 2039 99
2158 2929 249
3874 3540 41
1799 660 83
1383 1769 24
2447 2076 95
4665 4319 252
1887 1487 3O
3344 2322 25
2974 921 11
2149 2613 6»
1339 1003 40
1035 2106 69
1994 826 9
5080 2111 46
1325 1053 105
1924 3518 36
1881 1718 114
3675 3015 157
1218 1137 14
7587 12485 451
74053 83798 3482
4503 2966 24
1341 995 15
1592 1243 61
2816 2285 203
1212 788 141
2550 1195 21
3274 2482 314
622 1525 118
2446 2420 40
678 1123 34
2290 1809 80
3779 2211 195
487 1762 41
1394 1657 24
1594 1528 91
1593 2176 77
J97908 369339 14608
28659
50.64 47.01 1.88
785736
Hanly. Pro., received
Wilson. Dem., received
).. 207.821; Roostvelt.
ro., 5,380; Debs, Soc.,
1.778.
Senator, 1918.
302.680
17833 Miller
J. B. Sterngerger, -Soc 220
16540 Mississippi
6. The counties of Warreu, Yazoo, Madisou,
Hir.ds and Rankin.
J. W. Collier, Dem 2.376
14375 Mon;teau
18304 Monroe
15604 Montgomery . . .
13365 Mlorgan
W. T. Roberts, Soc t 29
Legislature.
The members of the legislature are demo-
crats.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
25478 New Madrid ...
27234 Newton
28833 Nodaway
14420 Osage
11926 Ozark
Lieutenant-Governor— H. H. Casteel.
Secretary — J. W. Power.
Treasurer— L. S. Rodgers.
Attorney-General—Frank Roberson.
MISSOURI (Population, 1917, 3,429,595).
Counties. / President 1916 ,
p.jmi»t,on (114=) Dem. Rep. Soc.
Snlsil,-. V.i.-u. hu..,.j. fcenjwn
23407 Adair 2275 2681 243
24992 Pemiscot
14898 Perry . ....
34988 Pettis
16964 Phelps
22556 Pike . .
14429 Platte
21561 Polk
12199 Pulaski
14308 Putnam
13368 Rails
E7451 Randolph . ,
15"82 Anorew 1853 2087 16
4151 Ray
13004 Atchison 1697 1626 27
10637 Reynolds
22069 Audrain 3572 1741 " 26
13099 Ripley
23869 Barry 2752 2683 148
24854 St. Charles
16412 St. Clair
16747 Barton 2217 1597 153
25869 Bates 3255 2597 129
44467 St. Francois ...
10857 Ste. Genevieve .
106049 St. Louis
768630 St. Louis City..
14881 Benton 1285 1842 26
14576 Bellinger 1538 1624 69
31911 Boone 6601 2180 30
101331 Buchanan 10973 7761 279
23435 Butler 2135 2717 173
14G05 Caldwell 1683 2069
9062 Schuyler
11869 Scotland
29145 Scott
24400 Callaway 3882 2009 16
11582 Camden 930 1261 41
30033 Cape Girardeau 2993 3753 75
23098 Carroll 2822 2978 43
5504 Carter 586 469 66
11585 Shannon
14864 Shelby
30097 Stoddard
12775 Stone
22973 Cass 3337 2104 60
9134 Taney ...,
23503 Chariton 3135 2183 22
21458 Texas
28827 Vcrnon
15832 Christian . .. 938 1978 141
9123 Warren
13378 Washington ...
12811 Clark .. 1692 1782 28
21323 Clay , 3902 1307 37
15297 Clinton 2153 1551 18
17914* Webster
20311 Cooper 2537 2830 19
8007 Worth
18895 Wright
14025 Crawford 1312 1642 47
Total
15613 Dade 1618 1941 54
13181 Dallas 1022 1428 46
Plural1 tv
17605 Daviees 2375 2342 12
Per cent
13432 Dent . 1457 1252 66
Total vote ,
For president in 1916
3.881 votes.
For president in 1912 ^
330,746 votes; Taft. Re]
Prog., 124,371; Chafln, P
28,466: Reimer, Soc. -Lab.,
For United States
Selden P. Spencer, Rep
16664 Douglas . 737 1730 164
36621 Durkiin .. . 3723 1924 375
29830 Franklin 2408 4325 94
13247 Gasconade 510 2513 19
16«'70 Gentry 2404 1823 33
71946 Greene . 7179 7534 540
16744 Grundy 1789 2401 46
20466 Harrison . 2205 2741 62
5741 Hickory
^.539 Holt
.. 1615
15653 Howard 2866
21065 Howell 1861
8563 Iron 1027
347997 Jackson 44556
93799 Jasper 10513
29458 Jefferson 3021
26297 Johnson 3701
12403 Knox 1657
17976 Laclede 1755
30154 Lafayette 4073
26583 Lawrence 2809
15514 Lewis 2357
17033 Lincoln 2468
25253 Linn 3447
19453 Livingston .... 2609
13539 McDonald 1631
30868 Macon 3805
12218 Madison 1310
10432 Maries 1319
23666 Marion „ 4534
2030
1121
2132
9358
3310
2966
1460
1877
4049
3229
1429
1642
2801
2424
1414
2034
1230
725
2759
1095
911
1?
93
260
24
11
81
39
93
162
21
20
52
,Joseph W. Folk, Dem 267.397
Caleb Lipscomb. Soc 6,725
W. W. Cox. Soc.-Lab 804
For Representatives in Congress. 1918.
1. The counties of Adair. Clark. Knox. Lewis.
Macon. Marion. Putnam. Schuyler. Scotland.
Shelby.
M. A. Rpmjue, Dem 17,184
F. C. Millspaugh, Rep 14.255
Edward H. Willey, Soc 272
2. Ihe counties of Carroll, Chariton, Grundy,
Linn, Livingston. Monroe. Randolph. Sullivan.
W. W. Rucker. Dem 19,769
George H. Cox, Soc 179
3. The counties of Caldwell, Clay, Clinton, Da-
vioss, DeKalb. Gentry, Harrison. Mercer. Ray.
Worth.
J. W. Alexander. Dem ........ .15.810
John E. Frost, Rep 14.117
William Garrett. Soc 55
4. The counties of Andrew, Atchison, Buchanan,
Holt. Nodaway. Platte.
C. F. Booher. Dem 16.701
324
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
J. C. McNeeley. Rep 14.597
Joseph Kunzelman. Soc 94
5. Jackson county.
W. T. Bland. Dem 31.561
A. L. Reeves. Rep 18.540
W. J. Adams. Soc 227
6. The counties of Bates. Cass. Cedar, Dade.
Henry. Johnson. St. Cluir.
Clement C. Dickinson. Dem 14.898
William O. Atkeson. Rep 13.188
Louis Schneider. Soc 177
7. The counties of Benton, Greene, Hickory. How-
ard. Lafayette. Pettis. Polk. Saline.
Sam C. Majors, Dem 20.300
James D. Salts, Rep 20.222
J. H. Allison. Soc 281
8. The counties of Boone, Camden, Cole, Cooper.
Miller. Moniteau. Morgan. Osage.
W. L. Nelson. Dem 13.326
North T. Gentry. Rep 13.133
9. The counties of Audrain. Callaway. Franklin.
Gasconade. Lincoln. Montgomery. Pike. Rails.
St. Charles. Warren.
Champ Clark. Dem 18.248
B. H. Dyer. Rep 16.719
Henry Schumaker, Soc 341
10. The county of St. Louis and the 1st. 7th.- 8th,
9th. 10th. lltfi. 12th. 19th. 24th. 27th (precinct
11). 28th wards of the city of St. Louis.
For long term —
Harlow B. Reed. Dem 30.080
Cleveland A. Newton. Rep 50,400
W. M. Brandt. Soc 2.981
Ernest Snavely, Soc. -Lab 289
For short term-
Fred Essen. Rep 49.416
Harlow E. Reed. Dem 30,536
11. The 2d. 3d. 16th. 17th. 18th. 20th. 21st. 26th.
27th (except precinct 11) wards of the city of
St. Louis.
W. L. Igoe, Dem 16.229
W. O. Long. Soc 631
13. The 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th (only precinct 12). 12th
Corny precincts 11 and 12). 13th. 14th. 15th (ex-
cept precincts 2, 3 and 4>. 20th (only precinct
1). 21st (only precincts 1 and 2>. 22(1. 231. 24th.
26th (only .precincts from 1 to 6, inclusive), 28th
(only precincts 1 and 2) wards of the city of
St. Louis.
Samuel Rosenfeld. Dem 8,538
L. C. Dyer. Rep 12,612
Chris Rocker, Soc 225
13. The counties of Bellinger. Carter. Iron, Jef-
ferson. Madison. Perry, Reynolds, St. Francois.
Ste. Genevieve. Washington. Wayne.
Arthur T. Brewster. Dem 13.773
Mnrion E. Rhode". Rep 14.776
William Cunningham. Soc 191
14. The counties of Butler. Cape Girardeau.
Christian. Douglas. Dunklin. Howell. Missis-
sippi, New Madrid. Oregon. Ozirk. Pemiscot.
Ripley. Scott. Stoddard. Stone. Taney.
Joseph J. Russell, Dem 21.001
Edwin D. Hayes, Rep 21,471
James Campbell, Soc 22
15. The counties of Barrv. Barton. Jasper. Law-
rence. McDonald. -Newton. Vernon.
Perl D. Decker. Dem 17.826
I. V. MePherson. Rep 19.13"?
David Lnndes, Soc 557
16. The counties of Crawford. Dallas. Dent. La-
clede. Maries. Phelps. Pulaski. Shannon. Texas.
Webster. Wrierht.
Thomas L. Rubey, Dem 13.490
S. A. Shelton. Rep 13.?26
H. M. Fonty. Soc 253
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 26 77 103
Republicans 8 65 73
State Officers.
Governor — Frederick D. Gardner, Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor — Wallace Crossley. Dem.
Secretary of State — John L. Sullivan, Dem.
Auditor— George E. Hackmann, Rep.
Treasurer — George H. Middelkamp, Dem.
Attorney-General— Frank W. McAllister Dem.
State Superintendent of Public Instruction— Sam
A. Baker. Rep.
1917, 472,935).
^-President 191 6->
Dem. Rep. Soc.
\»,.-,,n liu lies UVIIBOB
1463 1455 89
740 506 16
1261 857 77
1100 584 53
1926 1726 380
MONTANA (Population,
Counties.
Population (44)
7200 Beaverhead .
4950 Big Horn
7900 Blaine
3812 Broadwater .
9200 Carbon
Carter
29063 Cascade
17700 Chouteau .
13450 Custer
31600 Dawson
6250 Deer Lodge ....
10150 Fallen
21950 Fergus
11800 Flathead
16281 Gallatin
2742 Granite
11100 Hill
5399 Jefferson
22211 Lewis and Clark.
8500 Lincoln .
6729 Madison .
6850 Meag-her
2600 Mineral
13450 Missoula .
11450 Musselshell .
12405 Park .
8500 Phillips
6600 Powell .
4950 Prairie
13571 Ravalli .
6250 Richland
10850 Rosebud
4950 Sanders .
12150 Sheridan ....
59574 Silver Bow .
6850 Stillwater
6250 Sweet Grass
10500 Teton
5900 Toole
4250 Valley
Wheatland
4950 Wibaux
12150 Yellowstone
Yellowstone Park
(part)
Total 101104 66909 9467
Plurality 34195
Per cent 56.97 37.69 5.34
Total vote 177480
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., re-
ceived 27.941 votes: Roosevelt, Prog-.. 22,456:
Taft, Rep., 18,512; Debs, Soc.. 10,885. and
Chafin, Pro., 32.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Thomas J. Walsh. Dem 46.160
0. M. Landstrum. Rep 40229
Jeannette Rankin, Nat 26,013
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. John M. Evans. Dem 25528
Frank B. Lind^rman. Rep 22.398
2. Carl W. Riddick. Rep 24.959
Harry B. Mitchell. Dem 22,825
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 30 63 93
Democrats 13 32 45
State Officers.
Governor— Samuel V. Stowart. Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor — William W. McDowell, Dem.
Secretary of State— Charles T. Stewart, Rep.
Attornp^-General — S. C. Ford. Rep.
State Treasurer — H. L. Hart. Pep.
State Auditor— George E. Porter. Rep.
Supt. Public Instruction — May Trumper, Rep.
6612
2738
2602
2835
4171
1845
5749
2978
3661
812
3242
1124
4337
1186
1672
1482
788
4069
2036
2050
1252
1373
622
1967
1947
1608
1178
3264
13084
1197
839
2273
1075
2102
3253
1486
1591
2105
1860
1169
3290
2913
2527
574
1709
712
3423
807
1279
1158
*§g§
1738
1957
999
939
539
1623
1223
1337
793
1724
6784
1042
• 890
1603
698
1111
758
187
144
190
109
550
116
89
428
104
201
292
67
47
188
562
274
300
104
83
22
233
184
95
151
371
1563
69
44
292
195
56
585 466 56
4259 3281 251
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
NEBRASKA (Population
Counties.
cpuUtfcm (93)
22403
15943
375
1684
2452
14208
6539
9916
7990
23113
12726
15403
19786
17180
4382
13241
548
, 1917, 1,284,126) .
—President 1916 x
Dem. ReP; £°c.
2657 2041 ^OT
1881 1495 32
286 143 9
166 142 17
246 184 13
2005 1225 35
591 28
2216
1508
1120
J5 1927
1715 1727
351 369
1734 1091
834 563
1975 1737
1628 897
1424
3609
1032
1088
1989
340
1350
2644
24796 145
1425
8272
9539
2047 227
612 2-3
751 49
1444 60
181 16
120*
•2446
WilBon.
if5
Population.
I0k$99 Thurston ....
11042 Valley 1388
1^738 Washington looo
10786 Wayne Iu06
12290 Weoster 1469
2970 Wheeler kJ70
19096 York 2206
Hughto, Benson
717 26
840 51
1297 76
1208
1191
163
2011
19
61
59
48
Total 15«o27 117771 7141
Plurality 41056
Per cent 5o.~t» 40.97 2.49
Total vote 287270
Foi president in 1916 Haniy, Pro., received
2.907 votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
G. W. Morris. Rep 120,086*
John H. Morehead. Dem 99.690
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Cass. Johnson. Lancaster. Ne-
maha. Otoe, Pawnee and Richardson.
C. F. Reavis. Rep 18.(
Frank A. Peterson, Dem 10,1
2. Counties oi Douglas, barpy and Washing!
A. W. Jefferies. Rep la.J
C. O. Lobeck. Dem 12.}
3. Counties of Antelope, Boone. Burt, Cedar.
Coif ax, Cuming. Dakota. Dixon. Dodge, Knox,
Madison. Merrick. Nance. Pierce, Platte, Stan-
ton. Thurston and Wayne.
R. E. Evans. Rep 22,654
D. V. Stephens. Dem 20.903
4. Counties of Butler. Fillmore. Gage, Hamil-
ton. Jefferson, Polk. Saline, tsaunders. Seward.
Thayer and York.
M. O. McLauphlin, Rep 21.041
W. H. Smith." Dem.... 14.763
5. Counties of Adams. Chase. Clay. Dundy.
Franklin. Frontier. Furnas, Gosper. Hall.
'Harlan. Hayes, Hitchcock. Kearney. Nuckolls.
Perkins, Phelps. Red Willow and Webster.
W. E. Andrews. Rep 17,819
A. C. Shallenberger. Dem 17.268
6. Counties of Arthur. Banner. Biaine. Box
Butte, Boyd, Brown, Buffalo. Cheyenne.
Cherry. Custer. Dawes. Dawson. Deuel. Gar-
den, Garfi:ld. Grant. Greeley. Holt. Hooper.
Howard. Keith. Keyapaha, Kimball, Lincoln,
Logan, Loup, McPherson, .Morrill. Rock.
Scotts Bluff. Sheridan. Sherman. Sioux*
Thomas. Valley and Wheeler.
Moses P. Kinkaid, Rep 28,563
C. W. Pool. Dem 17.820
Legislature (1916). Senate. House. J. B.
Democrats 23 60 83
Republicans 10 40 6a
State Officers.
Governor— S. R. McKelvie. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — P. A. Barrows, Rep.
Secretary— D. M. Amsbery. Rep.
Auditor— G. W. Marsh, Rep.
Treasurer— Dan B. Cropsey. Rep. .
Attorney-General—Clarence A. Davis, Rep.
NEVADA (Population, 1917, 110,738).
Counties. ,-President 1916-v
?«puia«on (16) Dem. Rep. Soc.
Wiliwn.
4257 Churchill 831
4576 Clark 1115
2159 Douglas 301
9918 Elko 2020
7385 Esmeralda 1135
1830 Eureka 263
8549 Humboldt 1681
1970 Lander 473
4808 Lincoln 634
4516 Lyon 769
7384 Mineral 617
12163 Nye 1601
3796 Ormsby 610
3045 Storey 463
23487 Washoe 3341
11441 White Pine 1922
Hugli
531 184
629 194
337 43
1072 225
709 418
239 15
1004 291
321 130
202 51
669 174
385 99
1019 636
534 63
403 ft
3225 397
948 239
Total !77i7766 "12127 3065
Plurality 5639
Percent 53.34 36.49.19-
Total vote 33306
326
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
348 votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Charles B. Henderson, Dem ............... ^'i?-7,
E. E. Roberts, Rep ....................... 8,0o3
Anne Martin, Ind ........................ 4,603
Martin J. Scanlan. Soc .................... 710
For Representative in Congress, 1018.
Charles R. Evans, Dem ................... 12,670
S. S. Downer, Kep ...................... 10,660
H. H. Cordill, Soc ........................ 1,377
Legislature. Senate. House. J. B.
Bepublicans ................. 12 27 30
Democrats ................. 9 25 34
Socialists ................... 112
State Officers.
Governor — Emmitt D. Boyle. Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor — Maurice J. Sullivan, Dem.
Secretary of State— George Brodigan. Dem.
Treasurer— Ed Malley, Dem.
Comptroller— George A. Cole, Dem.
Attorney-General — Leonard B. Fowler, Dem.
ttEW HAMPSHIRE (Pop., 1917, 444,429).
Counties. ,-Pres.
population (10) Dem.
in 1917. \> i.BOD. H
'2261J. Belknap ................. 2310
16316 Carroll .................. 2003
30659 Cheshire ................ 2779
31691 Coos ..................... 3247
42242 Grafton .................. 4644
135875 Hillsborough ........... 10937
53995 Merrimack ............. 5967
52968 Rocking-ham ............ 5637
38951 Strafford ................ 4040
2579
2259
3337
2762
4795
9927
5970
5865
4037
20305 Sullivan 2215 2192
Total . ...43779 43723
Plurality 56
Per cent 50.03 49.97
Total vote 87502
For president in 1916 Hanly (Pro.) re-
ceived 296 votes.
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received
32.927 votee; Wilson, Dem., 34,724; Roose-
velt. Prog., 17.794; Debs, Soc., 1,981. and
Chafin, Pro.. 535.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Henry W. Keyes, Rep 37,787
Eugene E. Reed, Dem 32,7
To fill vacancy.
George H. Moses, Rep 35.528
John B. Jameson, Dem 34,459
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Belknap, Oarroil, Rockingham.
Strafford, Hillsborough (part) and Merrimacb
(parti.
Sherman E. Burroughs, Rep 18,658
William N. Rogers, Dem 17.122
2. The counties of Cheshire, Coos, Grafton, Sulli-
van, Ilillsborough (part) and Merrimack (part).
Edward H. Wason, Rep 19,343
Harry F. Lake, Dem 14,923
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 19 247 266
Democrats 6 159 164
State Officers.
Governor— John H. Bartlett. Rep.
Secretary of State— Edwin C. Bean, Rep.
Treasurer— John W. Plunimer, Rep.
NEW JERSEY (Population, 1917, 3,014,194) .
Comities. , President 1916 .,
regulation (21) Rep. Soc. JUem.
90501 Atlantic .. , 97*13 '
181478 Bergen . . 1
72642 BurLngton .
167129 Camden ........ 1831
24521 Cape May 29
58046 Cumberland . . 66
625178 Essex 541
Population
41355
647589
33569
147769
139728
103988
81673
22465
260212
28072
43106
28714
170012
47132
5467
115JO
6535
14010
2097
4573
34596
Hu-hes.
Gloucester ... . 5ik>2
Hudson ....... 42518
Hunterdon .... 3408
Mercer ........ 14213
Middlesex .... 11851
Monmouth ... . 11624
Morris ......... 8530
Ocean .......... 3386
Passaic ........ 18754
Salem .......... 4080
Somerset ...... 4707
Sussex ........ 2461
Union .......... 16705
Warren ........ 3302
Total 268982 10405 211018
Plurality . ... 57964
Per cent 54.40 2.11 42.68
Total vote 494442
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
3,182 and Reimer. Soc.-Lab., 855 votes.
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received
88,834 votes: Roosevelt. Prog.. 145.409: Wil-
son. Dem.. 178.282; Debs. Soc.. 15,900: Chafin.
.Pro., 2,87o«
For Governor, 1919.
Edward I. Edwards. D^m 216,244
Newton A. K. Bugbee, Rep 202.166
For United States Senator, 1918.
Walter E. Edge, Rep 175.20*
George M. LaMonte, Dem 151,454
James M. Reilly, Soc 14,648
To fill vacancy.
David Baird, Rep 166.924
Charles O'Connor Hennessy, Dem 162,237
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Cpuntieg of Camden, Gloucester and Salem.
William J. Browning, Rep 23,296
Edwin S. Dickersou, Dem 10.65T
George F. Noftsker, Soc 1.051
Charles E. Lane. Nat. Pro 1.815
2. Counties of Cape May, Cumberland, Atlantic
and Burlington.
Isaac Bacharach, Rep 20.802
John T. French, Dem 8*49S
Levi B. Sharp, Nat. Pro 1,191
3. Counties of Middlesex. Monmouth and Ocean
Thomas J. Scully, Dem 19,518
Robert E. Carson, Rep ...16824
Gilbert E. Mason, Nat. Pro 581
«. Counties of Hunterdon. Somerset and Mercer.
Elijah C. Hutchinson, Rep 17,48»
George O. Vanderbilt. Dem 14.371
5. Counties of Union and Morrig.
Ernest R. Ackerman, Rrp 17.200
Richard E. Clement. Dem 13,297
James B. Furber. Soc 1,737
William H. C. Clarke, Nat. Pro... . 445
5. (To fill vacancy.)
William F. Birch, Rep 17,170
Richard E. Clement. Dem 13520
James B. Furber. Soc 1,747
6. Counties of Bergen, Sussex, Warren and Pas-
saic (part).
John R. Ramsey, Rep 18.374
Robert A. Sibbald, Dem 15285
Charles P. DeYoe. Nat. Pro 812
I. Part of Passaic county.
Amos H. Radcliffe, Rep 12,291
Joseph A. Delaney, Dem 8461
William H. Derrick. Soc 1.645
Charles M. Berdan. Nat. Pro 394
George T. Anderson, National 198
8. Counties of Essex (part) and Hudson (part).
Cornelius A. McGlennon. Dem 12,315
William B. Ross, Rep 12.045
William Kane Tallman. Soc 952
9. County of Essex (part).
Daniel F. Minahan. Dem 10,797
Richard Wayne Parker, Rep 9.220
Stephen Bircher. Soc 1.30«
Benjamin F. Biershing. Ind 16»
10. County of Essex (part).
Frederick R. Lehlbach. Rep 12,40»
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
327
Dallas Flanagan. Dem 11,826
Charles H. Poole. Soc 1.445
11. County of Hudson (part).
John J. Egan, Dem 14,136
Edward C. Brennan. Rep 4,916
Gertrude Reilly. Soc 1,891
12. County of Hudson (part).
James A. Hamill, Dem 17,677
Theodore Bicrch, Rep 6,028
Valentine Bausch, Soc 1,277
Legislature, 1918. Scnate.House. J.B.
Republicans 15
Democrats 6 30 36
State Officers.
Governor — Edward I. Edwards. Dem.
Secretary of State— Thomas F. Martin, Dem.
Treasurer— William T. Re?d, Rep.
Comptroller— Newton A. Bugbee, Rep.
NEW MEXICO (Population, 1917, 423,649).
Counties. / — President 1916 — ,
fopulation
in 1U17.
26606
16850
21068
11443
15567
19094
17568
10927
7822
4794
12963
14295
8731
ie^f
12064
8579
8504
23570
14770
3811
14761
18824
10119
11404
13320
(28)
Dem.
Soc.
Bernalillo 2399
Chaves 2279
Colfax 2024
Curry 1205
DeBaca —
Dona Ana 1079
Eddy 1405
Grant 2305
Guadalupe 1173
Lea —
Lincoln 870
Luna 796
McKinley 564
Mora 1505
Otero 824
Quay 1562
Rio Arriba 1528
Roosevelt 1088
Sandoval 734
San Juan 637
San Miguel 2263
Santa Fe 1406
Sierra 493
Socorro 1573
Taos 910
Torrance 679
Union 1996
Valencia .. ,394
1606
Total 33691 31161 1999
lurality 2530
>er cent 50.31 46.54 2.98
Jotal vote 66963
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
112 votes.
For president in 1912 Wilson. Dem., received
20,407 votes; Taft. Rep.. 17.733; Roosevelt.
Prog.. 8,347. and Debs. Soc., 2,859.
For United States Senator t 1918.
Albert B. Fall. Rep ...24,322
W. B. Walton. D:m 22.470
For Representative in Congress, 1918.
Benigno C. Hernandez. Rep 23.752
G. A. Richardson. Dem 22,627
Legislature.
The legislature is republican in both houses.
State Officers.
Governor— Octaviano A. Larrazola. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — Benjamin F. Pankey, Rep.
Secretary of State—Manuel Martinez, Rep.
Treasurer— Charles U. Strong. Rep.
Auditor— Edward H. Sargrert. Rep.
Attorney-General— O. O. Askern. Rep.
NEW YORK (Population, 1917, 10,460,182).
Counties. , President 1916 — ^
<900.'
50 = 01
Cattaraugus . . 8680
Cayuea 7816
Chautauqua . . 14280
Chemung 6348
Chenango 5150
Clinton 4960
Columbia .... 5227
Co-Hand 4473
D-laware 6202
Dutchess 10879
Erie 52718
Essex 4605
Franklin 5084
Fulton 56GO
Genesee 5535
Greene 3616
Hamilton 609
Herkimer 7641
Jefferson 11105
Kings 118962
Lewis 3400
Liv ngston ... 5108
Madison 5813
Monroe 39016
Montgomery .. 6644
Nassau 13746
New York ....111047
Niagara 11939
Oneida 185^9
Onondaga 27477
Ontario 7489
Orange 13119
Orleans 4854
Osweso 9846
Otsego 5859
Putnam 1703
Queens 34609
Rensselaer .... 146°9
Richmond .... 7174
Rockland 4977
St. Lawrence
Saratoga ....
tchenectady .
choharie ...
Schuyler ....
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk 12649
Sullivan 4328
Tioga 3330
Tompkins 4659
Ulster 10680
Warren 4835
I Washington . 7287
Wayne 7341
W«stchester ... 33688
Wyoming1 .... 4893
Yates 2920
1025
235
154
(62)
fail' 17. Hmrhw.
179575 Albany ....... 26416
41412" Alleg-any ...... 6208
599215 Bronx ........ 40192
85860 Broome ....... 11316
Dem. Soc.
Wil-m. Benson
18754 285
3191 94
47564 6995
209
7564
8865
Total 865851 756880 45985
Plurality 118630
P:r cent 50.93 44.52 2.71
Total yot^ 1700071
For president in 1916 Hughes. Rep., received
.9.659 votes on the American ticket; Hanly.
! Pro., received 19,031 votes; Reimer. Soc.-Lab..
2.665.
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
555.475 votes; Tnft, Rep.. 455.428; Debs, Soc.,
63.3S1; Chafin, Pro., 19,427; Roosevelt, Prog.,
390,021.
For Governor, 1918.
Alfred E. Smith. Dem 993.362
Charles S. Whitman, Rep 985,047
Charles W. Erwin, Soc 123,071
Olive M. Johnson, Soc.-Lab 5.13«
For United States Senator, 1916.
William M. Calder, Rep 836.301
William F. McCombs. Dem 604.051
B.iinbridge Colby, Prog 15.16*
<"olvin. Pro 19.42S
Cannon, Soc 61.15$
Gillhaus. Roc.-Lah 4.084
For Representatives in Conaress. 1918.
1. rv>nnt1«»«j of S'iffolk. Nassau and Queens (nart).
Frederick C. Hicks. Rep 53.160
George Seeburg, Soc 1.850
328
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
2. County of Queens (part).
Charles P. Caldwell. Dem 53.593
William Burkle. Soc 8.900
5. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
John MacCrate, Rep. -Dem 14.472
Joseph A. Whitehorn. Soc 5.075
Michael Forgarty. Bus. Men, 10.222
William A. Ross, Sue 1,552
4. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
Thomas H. Cullen. Dem 22.804
R. W. Bowman, Rep. and Pro 6,527
George S. Rumpler. Soc 1.026
6. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
George B. Green, Rep 23,589
John B. Johnston, Dem 31.677
Hugo Peters. Soc 1.524
t. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
Frederick W. Rowe. Rep 26.547
Franklin Taylor, Dem 26.105
Bernard J. Riley, Soc 4.261
7. Part of Kiugs county (Brooklyn).
James P. Maher. Dem 19.453
John Hill Morgan. Rep 9.212
James O'Neal. Soc 4.486
8. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
William E. Cleary. Dem 23.745
Allison L. Adams. Rep i4'
Abraham H. Shulman. Soc 6.
Albert E. Neidy. Pro 192
9. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
Oscar W. Swift, Rep. and Pro 27,174
David J. O'Connell, Dem 28,427
W. B. Robinson. Soc 6.728
10. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
Reuben L. Haskell. Rep 17.301
George W. Martin. Dem , 15.630
A. S. Shiplacoff, Soc 9.941
11. County of Richmond (Staten island) and part
of lower New York city.
Daniel J. Riordan. Dem 21.196
William H. Michales, Rep 6.988
Elinor Byrns, Soc 889
George Weber. Pro 724
12. Part of New York city (New York county).
Meyer London, Soc 6,519
Henry M. Goldfogle, Rep.-Dem 7.269
Wilbur F. Rawlius. Pro 16
Benjamin W. Burger, Ind 2
13. Part of New York city (New York county).
Christopher D. Sullivan, Dem. -Rep 6,813
Algernon Lee. Soc 3.471
Flavius G. Perry. Pro 27
14. Part of New York city (New York county).
Fiorello H. La Guardia, Rep.-Dem 14.209
Scott Nearing, Soc 6.157
Alfred H. Saunders. Pro 89
IK. P*rt of New York city (New York county).
Peter J. Dooling, Dem 23,143
Jacob J. Wiener. Rep 5.324
Fanny Witherspoon. Soc 939
Herbert D. Burnham. Pro 140
16. Part of New York city (New York county).
Thomas Rock. Rep 6.090
Thomas F. Smith. Dem 20.911
Samuel E. Beardsley, Soc 2.044
17. Part of New York city (New York county).
Herbert C. Pell. Jr.. Dem 19.225
Frederick C. Tanner, Rep 17,522
Julius Halpern, Soc 1,445
Richard G. Green. Pro 119
18. Part of New York city (New York county).
John F. Carew, Dem 20.445
John M. Leder, Rep 4,742
Pauline Newman. Soc 4,721
Claude Maybell. Pro 74
19. Part of NPW York city (New York county).
Walter M. Chandler, Rep 22.817
Joseph Rowan. Dem 24.431
Theresa Malkiel. Soc 3.278
Ralph E. Myers, Pro 240
80. Part of New York city (New York county).
Isaac Siegel, Rep 9,191
Charles H. Simmons. Pro 36
Morris Hillquit, Soc 5,974
21. Part of Now York city (New York conntW
John A. Bolles. Rep 25.434
Jerome F. Donovan, Dem 32,716
George F. Miller, Soc 3,140
Edward A. Packer. Pro 205
22. Part of New York city (New York county).
Anthony J. Griffin, Dem 22.374
Sadie Kort, Rep 5.213
Patrick J. Murphy, Soc .. 3,331
John G. Tait, Pro 1,145
23. Part of New York city (New York county).
Owen A. Haley, Rep 17.750
Richard F. McKinney, Dem 38,852
Max Geisler, Soc 14.057
24. Part of New York city (New York and West-
chester counties).
James V. Ganly, Dem 28,209
Benjamin L. Fairchild, Rep 26,793
Irvin E. Klein, Soc 8.940
25. Counties of Rocklaiid and YVestchester (part).
James W. Husted. Rep 22.156
Arthur O. Sherman. Dem 16.117
Bradford Jones, Soc 1,017
Collin F. Jewell, Pro 320
26. Counties of Orange, 1'utuam auJ Dutchess.
George A. Coleman, Dem 20,603
Edmund Platt, Rep 29,793
Alfred E. Perkins. Soc 880
Elbert Knapp, Pro 969
27. Countie.s of Sullivan. Ulster, Greene, Colum-
bia and Schoharie.
Charles B. Ward. Rep ; 31.724
John K. Evans. Dem. -Pro 26.526
Rolland E. Miles. Soc 803
28. County of Albany and part of city of Troy, in
Rensselaer county.
Rollin B. Sanford, Rep 41.759
Joseph A. Lawson, Dem 31.468
Allin Depew, Soc 1,358
29. Counties of Rensselaer (part), Washington.
Saratoga and Warren.
James S. Parker. Rep 41,848
Gustavus A. Rogers, Dem 23.014
D. V. Linehan. Soc 944
Charles E. Robbins. Pro 1.358
30. Counties of Schenectady. Montgomery. Fulton
and Hamilton.
George R. Lunn, Dem 23.591
Frank Orowther, Rep 24.263
Herbert M. Merrill. Soc 2.769
31. Counties of Essex. Clinton. Franklin and St.
Lawrence.
Bertrand H. Snell, Rep 30.558
Elizabeth Arthur. Dem 10.383
Franklin D. Wallace. Pro 1.565
Samuel G. Cline. Soc 141
32. Counties of Jefferson. Lewis, Oswego and
Madison.
Luther W. Mott. Rep 36.889
Charles A. Hitchcock. Dem 17.655
Stephen R. Lockwood. Pro 3.261
George H. Rockburn, Sr., Soc 592
33. Counties of Oneida and Herkimer.
Clarence E. Williams, Dem 23.1T7
Homer P. Snyder, Rep 30,937
John Latimore. Soc.. 1,438
Enoch Ohnstrand. Pro 1.690
34. Counties of Otsego. Delaware. Broome and
Chen an go.
William H. Hill, Rep 38,443
L. P. Butts. Dem 21,628
A. G. Breckinridge. Soc 495
Julius E. Rogers, Pro 6,366
35. Counties of Onondaga and Cortland.
Walter W. Magee, Rep 42.538
Ben Wiles. Dem 23.198
Frank Heck. Soc 2,789
Edward G. Dietrich. Pro 3,202
36. Counties of Cayuga. Wayne, Seneca. Yates
and Ontario.
Norman J. Gould, Rep 40.857
Everett E. Caiman. Dem 16,774
37. Counties of Tompkins. Tioga. Chemung.
Sohuyler and Steubon.
Alanson B. Honghton, Rep 38,137
Frederick W. Palmer. Dem 21.664
Chnuncey L. Hurlbut. Soc 828
38. Monroo county (part).
Thomas B. Dunn, Rep 36,773
Jacob Gerling, Dem 16,404
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOR FOR 1920.
329
Jolm W. Dennis. Soc 4,086
Algernon S. Crapsey. Pro 1,906
89. Counties of Monroe (part). Orleans. Genesee.
Wyoming and Livingston.
Archie D. Sanders, Rep 35,330
Clara B. Mann. Dem 14.731
George Weber. Soc 1,223
40. Counties of Niagara and Erie (part).
S. Wallace Dempsey. Rcjp 35,480
Matthew D. Young. Dem 17.782
Lee P. Smith. Soc 3,038
41. County of Erie (part).
Charles B. Smith. Dem 16,241
Clarence MacGregor, Rep 16,364
Franklin P. Brill. Soc 7,023
42. County of Erie (part).
James M. Mead, Dem 16,270
William F. Waldow. Rep 15.293
Hattie Krueger, Soc 3.087
Jolm H. Stoody. Pro 652
43. Counties of Allegany. Cattaraugus aud Chau-
tauqua.
Daniel A. Reed, Rep 35.564
Frank H. Mott. Dem 11,280
Gust. C. Peterson, Soc 1.696
Legislature. Senate.Honse.J.B.
Republicans 29 94 123
Democrats 22 54 76
Socialists — 2 2
State Officers.
Governor — Alfred B. Smith. Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor— H. C. Walker. I -m.
Secretary of State— Francis M. Hugo. ilep.
Comptroller— Eugene M. Travis, R"p.
Attorney-General — Charles D. Newton, Rep.
Treasurer — James L. Wells. Rep.
NORTH CAROLINA (Pop., 1917, 2,434,381).
Cov.nti.es. ^-Pres. 1916-,,
Population (100) Dem. Reip.
1917. \»ils».i. JiuchM
30935 Alamance 2476 2278
12054 Alexander 954 1187
7745 Alleg-hany 796 61.1
28090 Anson 2046 301
19074 Ashe 1898 1939
11479 Avery 360 1158
34143 Beaufort 1957 1274
24864 Bertie 1461 116
18246 Bladen 1261 651
15728 Brunswick 810 989
53821 Buncombe 4229 3830
24115 Burke 1621 1474
29002 Cabarrus 2080 2314
23290 Caldwell 1725 1659
5762 Camden 368 86
15211 Carteret 1165
14858 Caswell 849
32)141 Catawba 2569
23764 Chatham 1839
lf.797 Cherokee 1362
12066 Chowan 610
3909 Clay 400
32717 Cleveland 2764
32944 Columbus 2143
26640 Craven 1780
33719 Cumberland 1971
8543 Currituck 945
4902 Dare 470
33785 Davidson 2675
14327 Davie 910
27659 Duplin 1824
41877 Durham 2463
35906 Edg-ecombe 2028
56106 Fors.vth 4115
24692 Franklin 2057
43749 Gaston 3019
10485 Gates 826
6046 -Graham 476
26444 Granville 1713
13846 Greene 1066
76134 Guilford 4616
42650 Halifax 2312
26089 Harnett 1992
24523 Haywood 2403
17837 Henderson 1166
16270 Hertford 977
1246
338
2624
1501
1362
91
453
1497
1327
542
1217
87
363
2801
1245
1527
1837
135
3585
396
2542
309
460
648
294
3670
299
1603
1523
1705
209
Population. Wi'»on Hught*
13400 Hoke 780 110
8840 Hyde 840 277
38148 Iredell 3335 2073
13834 Jackson 1306 1288
48080 Johnston 3468 2857
9082 Jones 712 233
11944 Lee 1054 573
25783 Lenoir 1666 667
18324 Lincoln 1521 1369
12255 Macon 1146 1069
20132 Madison 972 1965
19ao8 Martin 1472 281
14245 McDowell 1274 1218
75617 Mecklenburg- 4508 1257
10263 Mitchell 462 1298
15530 Montgomery 1222 1196
17859 Moore 1337 1047
30747 Nash 2189 826
36601 New Hanover 2355 492
23180 Northampton 1518 45
15719 Onslow 1197 785
15338 Orange 1230 1158
11368 Pamlico 710 527
18907 Pasquotank 1177 270
16997 Fender '.'.. 970 400
117o7 Perquimans 645 288
17846 Person 953 917
40320 Pitt :::;::: zlU 719
8103 Polk 679 760
30409 Randolph 2747 3031
27460 Richmond 1553 650
52964 Robeson 2894 1433
38836 Rockingham 2316 1957
42232 Rowan 3053 2320
30781 Rutherford 2445 1871
32619 Sampson 1369 2727
17413 Scotland 938 137
23332 Stanly 2110 1941
20360 Stokes 1569 1852
3~7b2 Surry 2029 2977
11864 Swam 829 1128
7608 Transylvania 821 841
5392 Tyrrell 416 392
37744 Union .• 2662
8183 S3?. ::::::::::::::::::: !f Jf
21080 Warren 1217 227
11394 Washington 651 48fi
11493 Watauga 1,141 1352
38867 Wayne 2625
32770 Wilkes 1632 3470
31679 Wilson 2052 730
16408 Yadkin 879 1721
12515 Yancey 1273 1082
-Total 168383 120890
Plurality 47493
Percent 58.05 41.71
Total vote 289837
For president in 1916 Benson. Soc.. m-
ceived 509 votes and Hanly, Pro., 55.
For United States Senator, 1918.
F. M. Simmons, Dem 143524
John M. Morehead. Rep '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 93.*W7
For Representatives in Congress, 1918. '
1. Counties of Beaufort. Camden. Chowan Curri-
tuck. Dare. Gates. Hertford. Hyde. Martin
Pasquotank. Perquimans. Pitt. Tyrrell and
John H. Small. Dem 10427
C. R. Pugh, Rep 3-40i
2. Counties of Bertie. Edgecombe. Greene. Hall-
fax, Lenoir, Northampton, Warren and Wilson
Claude Kitchin. Dem 9986
3. Counties of Carteret. Craven, Duplin. Jone«,
Onslow. Pamlico. Pender. Sampson and Wiyne.
Samuel M. Robinson. Dem 10.205
Claude R. Wheatley, Rep 7.000
4. Counties of Chathnm. Franklin. Johnston.
Nash. Vance and Wake.
Edward W. Pou. Dem 12,853
Robert H. Dixon, Rey 6.028
5. Counties of Alamnnce, Caswell. Durham For-
syth. Granville. Guilford. Orange, Person, Rock-
inpham. Stokes and Surry.
330
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Charles M. Stedman. Dem 21,076
John W. Kurfees, Rep 16,635
6. Counties of iUadeu. Brunswick, Columbus,
Cumberland. Harnett. New Hanover and Robe-
son.
H. P. Godwin, Dem 9,575
Alexander L. McCaskill. Rep 3.702
7. Counties of Ansoii, Davidson, Davie, Hope,
Lee. Montgomery. Moore, Randolph. Richmond.
Scotland. Union, Wilkes and iadkin.
Leonidas D. Robinson. Dem 18,275
James D. Gregg, Rep 14,116
S. Counties of Alexander, Alleghany, Astie. Ca-
barrus. Caldweil. iredell. Rowan. Stanly and
Watanga.
Robert L. Dough ton, Dem 16,105
Frank A. Lium-y. Rep 13,826
9. Counties of Avery. Burke. Catawba. Cleveland,
GastOu, Lincoln, Madison, Mecklenburg. Mitch-
ell and Yancev.
B. Y. Webb, Dem 16,982
Charles A. Jonas, Rep 12,830
10. Counties of Buncombe. Cherokee. Clay, Gra-
ham, Haywood. Henderson. Jackson, McDowell.
Ma con, Polk, Rutherford, Swain and Transyl-
James J. Britt. Rep 15,271
Zebulon Weaver, Dem 16,323
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 43 96 139
Republicans 7 24 31
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — rhomas W. Bickett.
Lieutenant-Governor — O. Max Gardner.
Secretary of State — J. Bryan Grimes.
Treasurer— B. B. Lacy.
NORTH DAKOTA (Pop., 1915, *636,994).
C'v-nties. ,-President 1916^
Population (53) Rep. Dem. Soc.
& 1.15 H...-h,s. \.i ,., l,en
4728 Adams 469 532 63
18706 Barnes 1467 1678 75
12705 Benson 1210 922 101
3250 Billing-s 306 276 36
17337 Bottineau 1294 1471 329
5041 Bowman 374 685 88
9097 Burke 518 922, 197
14157 Burlaig-h 1182 1267 129
40436 Cass 3093 3303 157
15811 Cavalier 3502 1149 68
10094, Dickey 1037 920 99
8894 Divide 707 950 126
8156 Dunn 566 1208 46
5684 Eddy 505 650 89
10323 Emmons 1090 609 25
6054 Foster 549 662 14
6038 Golden Vrlley 499 697 63
28658 Grand Forks 2159 2814 125
Grant
6567 Grigg-s 521 668 27
7711 Retting-— 856 661 67
6948 Kidder 604 650 134
11453 LaMoure 1045 990 141
7037 Lognn 567 260 51
16950 MeHenry 1349 1456 200
8020 Mclntosh 950 270 7
10809 McKenzie 692 1316 185
15879 McLean 1054 1210 247
6790 Mercer 730 353 52
26717 Morton 2785 1835 299
11135 Mountrail 740 1263 231
10381 Nelson 1013 861 77
4058 Oliver 346 327 48
14341 Pembina 1469 1400 16
9703 Pierce 703 789 74
15070 Ramsey 1169 1331 90
11045 Ransom 1093 1121 45
8098 Benville 532 1012 119
21265 Richlsnd 2097 1772 41
9694 Bolette 600 762 132
9634 Sargent 1050 868 67
8249 Sheridan 807 310 25
2135 Sioux 232 200 24
5059 Slope 516 867 91
14247 Stark 1409 953 57
Population Hushes. Wilson. Denloa
7016 Steele 676 575 71
2409)1 Stutsman 1664 1846 109
9147 T owner 665 769 77
12838 Traill 1423 664 72
20373 Walsh 1670 2003 126
28068 Ward ,1743 2791 301
13204 Wells 1226 810 48
18143 Williams 903 1780 495
Total 53471 55206 5706
Plurality 2620
Per cent 45.94 48.23 4.9
Total vote 114603
*Statte census. No later estimate made.
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
997 votes.
For Governor, 1918.
Lynn J. Frazier, Rep.-Nonp 54,517
Joseph Doyle. Dem.-lnd 36.733
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Oass, Cavalier, Grand Forks.
Nelson, Pembina, Ramsey. Ransom, RicMand.
Sargent, Steele. Tradll, Townar and Walsh.
John M. Baer, Rep 16,433
Fred Bartholomew. Dem 13,416
2. Counties of Barnes. Benson, Bottineau. Bur-
leigh. Dickey. Eddy, Emmons, Foster. Grig-g3,
Kidder, LaMoure, Logan. MeHenry, Mclntosh.
Pierce, Rolatte, Sheridan, Stutsman and Wells.
George M. Young, Rep 20.516
L. N. Torson. Dem 7.038
3. Counties of Adams, Billings. Bowman,
Burke. Divide. Dunn, Golden Valley. Het-
tinger, Mercer. Morton, Mountrail, McKenzie,
McLean. Oliver. Renville, Stark, Ward, Wil-
liams, Sioux and Slope.
J. H. Sinclair, Rep 17.564
H. Halvorson, Dem 7,951
Legislature. Senate. House. J. B.
Republicans 43 96 139
Democrats 6 16 22
State ' Officers.
Governor— Lynn J. Frazier, Rep.-Nonp.
Lieutenant-Governor — Howard R. Wood, Rep.
Secretary of State — Thomas Hall, Rep.-Nonp.
Treasurer— Obert A. Olson. Rep-Noir>.
Attorney-'General — William Langer, Rep.
OHIO (Population
Counties.
ation (88)
1917, 5,212,085).
-President 1916 — •N
24755
62860
24281
65459
54416
31285
§fj§°>
80054
15761
26351
71907
26551
23680
82480
30693
34124
782179
43225
24498
27751
38819
42806
21757
263253
24725
25745
14670
29733
48767
498143
37860
30407
Adams ...
Allen
Ashland .
Ashtabula
Athens
Auglaize
Belmont . .
irown ....
Sutler
iarroll
Champaign
ilark
llermont . .
ilinton
Columbiana
Coshocton
Crawford .
Cuyahoga .
Darke
Defiance . .
Delaware .
Erie
Fairfield .
Fayctte ...
Franklin . .
Fulton . . .
Gallia
Geauga . .
Greene . . .
Guernsey .
Hamilton .
Hancock .
Hardin
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
831
Population.
19076 Harrison
25119 Henry ..
28711 Highland
23650 Hocking
17909 Holmes
Hughei.
2517
2482
3727
2357
955
35576 Huron 4048
30791 Jackson 3116
80798 Jeiferson 6658
31940 Knox 3646
23835 Lake 2887
39488 Lawrence 4363
61809 Licking 5935
30084 Logan 4345
01497 Lorain 6868
221olS Lucas 16711
19902 Madison 2809
149742 Mahoning- 11256
37835 Marion 4264
24795 Medina 2754
25594 Meigs 3184
27536 Mercer 2065
46464 Miami 5772
24244 Monroe 1504
188300 Montgomery .. 19683
16097 Morgan 2136
16815 .Morrow 2062
60C28 Mupkingum .. 7597
18601 Noble 2290
22467 Ottawa 1793
22730 Pauldirff 2647
37991 Perry 3953
26158 Pickaway 2629
15723 Pike 1616
31079 Portage 3142
23921 Preble 2881
29972 Putnam 2243
50132 R:chland 4886
40069 Ross 4857
35798 Sandusky 3557
63924 Scioto 6356
43338 Seneca 4301
24690 Shelby 2352
143600 Stark 14159
134924 Summit 11593
57271 Trumbull 6167
59430 Tuscarawas ... 5-104
21871 Union 3182
29119 Van Wert 3802
13096 Vinton 1420
24497 Warron
45422 Washington ..
38195 Wayne
25376 Williams
46330 Wood
20760 Wvandot
Total
Plurality
Per cent
Total vote
3610
4745
3676
3132
5034
2078
514753
3322
24339
1833
2345
6328
2175
3347
2313
3860
3820
2091
4269
3387
4294
6985
5154
5264
4808
6451
3C01
15016
19313
6091
7608
2747
3753
1433
2937
5267
5930
3552
5796
3250
60*161
90408
51.86
44.18 51.86 3.27
* .„ 1165086
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
8.080 votes.
For United States Senator. 1916.
Myron T. Herrick. Rep S?5H!£
Atlee Pomerene. Dem oil, 488
C. E. Ruthenberg. Soc 38,187
Aaron S. Watkins. Pro 12,060
Jacob S. Coxey, Ind 2.96o
For Governor, 1918.
James M. Cox. Dem 486.403
Frank B. Willis, Rep 474,459
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Part of Hamilton county.
Nicholas Longworth, Rep 27,030
Sidney G. Strieker, Dem 20,826
2. Part of Hamilton county.
A. E. B. Stephens, Rep 25,406
Richard A. Powell. Dem 21.868
John Gartleman. Soc l,49o
3. Counties of Butler. Montgomery and Preble.
Charles W. Dustin. Rep 26.625
Warren Gard. Dem 29,653
4. Counties of Allen, Auglaize, Darke, Mercer,
Miami and Shelby.
J. E. Russell. Rep 22.136
B. F. Welty. Dem 22.580
5. Counties of Defiance, Fulton, Henry, Pauld-
in~, Putnam, Van Wert and Williams.
John S. Snook. Dem 17,162
Charles J. Thompson, Rep 19,071
6. Counties of Adams, Brown, Clermont, High-
land. Pike and Scioto.
Charles C. Kearns, Rep 18,592
A. G. Turnipseed, Dem 16,591
7. Counties of Champaign, Clark. Clinton, Fay-
ette, Greene, Logan, Madison. Union and War-
ren.
Simeon D. Fess, Rep 34,594
George Thome, Dem 21,04$
John A. Rehm, Soc 486
8. Counties of Crawford, Hancock, Hardin, Ma-
rion, Morrow and Wyandot.
John A. Key, Dem 18,441
E. Clint Cole. Rep 20,688
9. Counties of Lucas and Ottawa.
Isaac R. Sherwood, Dem 22,848
James M. Ashley. Rep 18,398
Solon T. Klotz. Soc 2,085
10. Counties of Athens, Gallia, Jackson, Lawrence,
Meigs and Vinton.
Israel M. Foster, Rep 18,438
11. Counties of Fairfield, Hocking. Perry, Pick-
away and Ross.
Edwin D. Ricketts, Rep 17,608-
H. C. Claypool, Dem 15.287
12. County of Franklin.
Clement L. Brumbaugh, Dem 23,441
John C. Speaks, Rep 22,216
Jacob L. Bachman. Soc 799
13. Counties of Erie, Huron. Sandusky, Seneca
and Wood.
James T. Begg, Rep 21.522
Arthur W. Ovcrmeyer, Dem 18,775
William O. McClory, Soc 341
14. Counties of Lorain, Medina, Portage and
Summit.
Martin I/. Davey, Dem 25,933
Charles Dick, Rep 24,170
Cyrus M. Mantell. Soc 1.490
15. Counties of Guernsey. Monroe, Morgan, Mus-
kinprum. Noble and Washington.
C. Ellis Moore, Rep 20,063
George White, Dem 18,169
16. Counties of Holmes, Stark. Tuscarawas and
Wayne.
Roscoe C. McCullogh, Rep 29.803
J. C. Breitenstein. Dem 17,694
Joseph Bower, Soc 1,157
17. Counties of Ashland, Coshocton, Delaware,
Knox, Lickin? and Richland.
William A. Ashbrook, Dem 24.438
William M. Morgan, Rep 22,499
18 Counties of Bolmont. Carroll, Columbiana,
Harrison and Jefferson.
Frank Murphy, Rep 22,899
William B. Francis. Dem .S 20,272
19. Counties of Ashtabula, Mahoning and Trum-
bull.
John G. Cooper, Rep 26,857
Joseph Cooke, Soc 1,224
20. Part of Cuyahoira county.
Charles A. Mooney, Dem 19,776
Jerry R. Zmunt, Rep 13,759
C. E. Ruthenberg, Soc 2,429
21 Part of Cuvahocra county.
John J. Babka. Dem 15,511
Harry L. Vail, Rep 10.417
Tom Clifford, Soc 1.829
22. Part of Ouyahoga county and Geauga and
Lnke counties.
Henry I. Emerson, Rep 32,735
Legislature. Sonate.House.J.B.
Republicans 21 77 98
Democrats 12 47 59
State Officers.
Governor — James M. Cox. Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor — Clarence J. Brown, Rep.
Secretary of State— Harvey C. Smith, Rep.
Auditor — A. V. Donahey. Dem.
Treasurer— R. W. Archer, Rep.
Attorney-General—John 'G. Price, Rep.
332
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
OKLAHOMA (Population,
Counties. ^—
°" (77)
Adair
Alfalfa .,
Atoka
Beaver
Beckham ..
Blaine
Bryan
Caddo
Canadian
Carter
Cherokee
Choctaw
Oimarron
Cleveland
Coal
Comandhe
Cotton
Craig
Creek
Custer
Delaware
Dewey ...*
Ellis
Garfield
Garvin
Grady
Grant
Greer
Harmon
Harper ...,
Haskell
Hughes
Jackson
Jefferson
Johnson
Kay
Kingfisher
Kiowa
Latimer ..
LePlore .
Lincoln
Logan
Love
Major
Mayes ....".*.".*.
McClain
McCurtain .
Mclntosh.
Murray
Muskogee
Noble
Nowata
Okfuskee
Oklahoma
Okmulgee
Osaeo
Ottawa
Pawnee
Payne
Pittsburg
Pontotoc
Pottawatomie
Pushmatrha
Roger Mills
Rogers
Scminole
Sequoyah
Stephens
Texas
Tillman
Tulsa
Wagoner
Washington
Washita
Woods
Woodward .
1917, 2,289,855) .
-President 1916 N
Dem. Rep. Soc.
\> iisuu. l»..^.tj. brnson
1190 1010
1390 1378
925
18
27
212
471
524
436
890
678
787
2735 2272 1112
2200 11590
2949 1013
1594 1379
37
1480
1382
1850
1214 1341
2974 1267
1945
388 238
1753 885
1418 824
2130 1221
1500 685
1901
1227
1000
1960
2347
2697
3243 .1272
1706 1517
36£
1364 1728
458
625
4497 3S57
16-10 749
423
935
273
614
138
579.
567
790
366
189
3496 2820 128
1771 1507 595
839 221
796 891
983 590
2854
804 1001
298
482
257
408
477
793
684
621
671
373
417
2279 1017 1111
950 668 335
2576 1944 643
2258 2338 1047
1701 2270 557
1125 268 365
763 946 636
1352 449 618
1574 1229
1541 678
176"
174
130
4009 2532
1346 1243 216
1355 1334 178
1337 670 526
7971 5291 1215
2406 18CO 754
2052 1528 423
1877 1642 215
1491 13C6 528
176T 833
1909
12
)21
524
607 1027
811 295
367
849
299
1839 1728 3181
2107 958 703
1417 1358 473
1130 1092 605
Total 149748 97299 48001
lurality 52449
cent 50.74 32.99 16.27
?otal vote 295048
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
1.646 votes.
I
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Craig, Delaware, Mayes. Nowata,
Osage, Ottawa, Pawnee, Rogers, Tulsa, Wash-
ington.
T. A. Chandler, Rep 14,506
E. B. Howard. Dem 15,394
E. Sonnanstiue. Soc 550
2. Counties of Adair, Cherokee, Haskell, Mcln-
tosh, Muskogee, Okmulgee, Sequoyah, Wagoner.
W. W. Hastings', Dem 11.601
Tinch, Rep 7.685
J. A. Lewis. Soc 415
3. Counties of Atoka, Bryan, Carter. Choctaw,
Latimer, LeFlore. Love, McCurtain, Marshall,
J'ittsburg, Pushmataha.
C. D. Carter. Dem 15.624
Fowler, Rep .' 6.982
Price, Soc 791
4. Counties of Coal, Craig. Hughes, Johnson, Lin-
coln, Okfuskee, Pontotoc, Pottawatouue. Sem-
inole.
Tom D. McKeown, Dem 13,881
Waite, Rep 9.687
Conley, Soc 772
5. Counties of Cleveland, Garvin, Logan, Mc-
Clain, Murray, Oklahoma. Payne.
Joe B. Thompson. Dem 13,297
McAleer, Rep 9.20*
Langston, Soc 68«
Turner, Ind II
6. Counties of Blaine, Cotton. Caddo, Canadian,
Comanche, Grady, Jefferson, Kingfisher. Ste-
phens.
Scott Ferris, Dem 12,621
Holmes, Rep 8,925
Diehl. Soc 1,051
7. Counties of Beckham, Custer, Dewey, Ellis,
Greer, Harmon, Jackson, Kiowa, Roger Mills,
Tillman. Washita.
Jim McClintic. Dem 11.190
Leedy, Rep 6,014
Enfield, Soc 6,014
8. Counties of Alfalfa. Beaver, Cimarron, Gar-
field, Grant, Kay, Major. Noble, Texas. Wood-
ward and Woods.
Dick T. Morgan, Rep 15,349
Hyde, Dem 10,630
Braham, Soc 1,181
Herrick. Ind 68
Legislature.
Legislature is democratic.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— J. B. A. Robertson.
Lieuteuant-Governor— M. E. Trapp.
Secretary of State — J. S. Morris.
Attorney-General— S. P. Freeling.
Treasurer — A. N. L^ecraft.
Superintendent Public Instruction— R. H. Wilson.
Examiner ami Inspector— Fred Parkinson.
Commissioner Labor— Claude E. Connally.
Commissioner Charities— William D. Mathews.
OREGON (Population,
Counties.
Population (36)
19886 Baker ...."?
13551 Benton
37429 Clackamas
18543 Clatsop
13751 Columbia
23532 Coos
4108 Crook
2174 Curry
3536 Deschutes
23402 Douglas
4066 Gilliam
5607 Grant
5127 Harney
11223 Hood River
34558 Jackson
5578 Jefferson
11003 Josephine
11900 Klamath
5979 Lake
1917, 861,992).
^-President
Rep. Dem. So«.
\Vi'eon.| B«nso«
3897 324
2488 120
5334 556
2239 320
1451
iughes.'
2541
2902
6349
2568
2023
3209
1675
541
3922
557
941
872
1314
3538
581
1660
1631
793
182
3352 708
2699 209
512 118
3679
870
1210
1239
1188
4874
904
1656
1853
971
420
26
145
189
158
321
62
230
170
98
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
333
44133
7056
25626
11810
48590
4508
316114
16058
4800
7677
21959
16279
10427
21169
26672
?513
835
Wil»on. Hughe*. Senior
Lane 7253 5880 607
Lincoln 1167 915 190
Linn 4524 4675 318
Malheur 1682 1937 293
Marion 8316 5699 473
Morrow 748 830 92
Muitnomah 41458 35755 1852
Polk 2899 2844 187
Sherman 717 747 18
Tillamook 1547 1175 95
Umatilla 3664 4606 256
Union 2253 3086 259
Wallowa 1198 1960 165
Wasco 2243 2287 103
Washington 4888 3363 219
Wheeler 629 570 10
Yamhill 4010 3342 219
Total 126813 120087 9711
Plurality 6726
Per cent 48.39 45.82 3.71
Total vote 261651
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
4.729 vote*.
For president in 1912 Taft. Rep., received
34.673 votes; Wilson. Dem., 47,064; Chafin,
Pro.. 4,360; Debs. Soc., 13,213. and Roose-
velt. Prog., 37,600.
For Representatives in Congress. 1918.
1. The counties of Benton, Clackamas, Clatsop,
Columbia. Coos. Curry, Douglas. Jackson, Jose-
phine, Lane, Lincoln. Linn, Marion Polk,
Tillamook. Washington and Yamhill.
W. C. Hawley, Rep 57,345
Harlin Talbert, Soc 6,624
2. The counties of Baker, Crook, Deschutes. GU-
liam. Grant, Harney, Hood River, Jefferson,
Klamath, Lake, Malheur. Morrow, Sherman,
Umatilla, Union. Wallowa. Wasco and Wheeler.
N. J. Sinnot. Rep 18.312
James H. Graham, Dem 10,461
H. Warmholtz. Soc 1,107
3. The county of Mnltnomah.
O. N. McArthur. Rep 23277
John S. Smith. Dem 15728
A. W. Lafferty. Rep.-Natl 7,661
Legislature, 1918. Senate.House.J.B.
Republicans 24 54 78
Democrats 3 6 9
Independents 303
State Officers.
Governor— Ben W. Olcott. Rep.*
Secretary of State— Ben W. Olcott, Rep.
Treasurer— O. P. Hoff, Rep.
Attorney-General — George M. Brown. Rep.
*Fills vacancy. Holds two offices.
PENNSYLVANIA (Pop., 1917, 8,660,042).
Counties. , President 1916 N
Pepuiation (67) Dem. Rep. Soc.
In 1917. Wi'o n Hughes Benson
34319 Adams 3963 3290 82
1196138 Allegheny 52833 77483 7815
79068 Armstrong ... 3590 6024 316
94355 Beaver 5805 6864 904
38879 Bedford 3263 3729 238
200454 Berks 19267 11937 3146
126202 Blair 7002 9893 491
54526 Bradford 3635 6178 200
80428 Bucks 7494 9280 238
84169 Butler 4544 5458 211
210874 Cambria 9416 10688 725
8079 Cameron 452 713 15
58931 Carbon 4099 4275 179
48810 Center 4120 4392 122
119082 Chester 8514 11845 204
38356 Clarion 3269 2595 175
103371 Clearfield .. 6180 5676 816
32259 Clinton 2967 2794 344
64725 Columbia 5785 3013 116
61565 Crawford 5814 5487 526
57497 Cumberland .. 6432 5296 167
168998 Dauphin 11483 13954 841
Population.
134800
38038
127960
209083
9435
63331
9703
29320
40971
83474
65992
15013
307556
172712
79512
63753
137035
406009
84571
47868
,92526
31160
24239
191779
14868
148089
126300
24136
1735514
8033
29729
233419
16800
81042
11293
37746
Delaware ....
Elk
Erie
Fayette
Forest
Franklin
Fulton
Greene
Huntingdon .
Indiana
Jefferson
Juniata
Lackawanna
Lancaster ....
Lawrence ....
Lebanon
Lehigh
Lucerne
Ly coming ...
McKean
Mercer
Mifflin
Monroe
Montgomery
Montour
Northampton
Northumb'l'd
Perry
Philadelphia .
Pike
Potter
Schuylkill ....
Snyder
tomerset
ullivan
Susquehanna
16315
2829
8833
9838
617
5674
802
2096
3806
4887
4332
1254
17658
20292
5134
6876
10588
25348
6010
4300
5866
2105
1456
20431
1068
9610
8722
2575
194163
17806
1797
6008
388
3891
61257 . „-
40029 Warren ....... 2628
181271 Washington .. 7747
29236 Wayne 2019
283255 Westmoreland 13829
i vsina Wyoming 1s,t
York 16314
10:
150£
12276
Total 521784 703734 42637
3«L"": 40.33 3& 3.S9
Total vote 1297097
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro received
28525 votes: Reimer, Soc.-Lab., 417. .
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received
273 305 votes; Wilson. Dem., 395.619; Roose-
velt Prog., Bull Moose and Washington. 447.-
426; Chafln, Pro.. 19.553.
For Governor. 1918.
William C. Sproul, Rep 552.447
Eugene C. Bonniwell, Dem 3?H£|
Charles Sehl. Soc J8.J06
E. J. Fithian, Pro 27.360
R. C. Macauley, Single Tax — *»W8
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
At large— *William J. Burke, Rep
*Thomas S. Orago, Rep '
*Mahlon M. Garland, Ren £29,510
*Anderson H. Walters, Rep SSS'SS
Joseph F. Gorman, Dem 276.836
Fred Ikeler, Dem
J. Calvin Strayer, Dem
Samuel R. Tamer. Dem on™
Socialist (highest) 23.273
Prohibition (highest) 29,309
Single Tax (highest) 2,217
•Elected.
1. Philadelphia county (part).
William S. Vare, Rep 26,120
John Leonard Slivey, Soc J51
Paul B. Cassidy, Dem 7,146
2. Philadelphia county (part).
George S. Graham. Rep 20.578
John H. Berkley, Dem 4.2%
Harry Seidman, Soc 3<«
3. Philadelphia county (part).
J. Hampton Moore, Rep
334:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
William A. Hayes, Dem 5.646
4. Philadelphia county (part).
George W. Edmonds, Rep 19,187
Jacob H. Root, Soc 685
Joseph E. Fabian, Dem 7,874
6. Philadelphia county (part).
Peter E. Costello. Rep 25,169
Emanuel R. Clinton, Dem 10.987
fl. Philadelphia county (part).
George P. Darrow, Rep 42,376
John K. Laughlin, Dem 15.722
John A. Fisler, Wash 643
7. Chester and Delaware counties.
Thomas S. Butler, Rep 23.882
James G. Milbourn, Dem 6,702
Howard B. Melody, Soc 227
Luther S. Kaufman, Pro 583
8. B«cks and Montgomery counties.
Henry Winfield Watson, Rep 23,127
Harry E. Grim. Dem 12,213
Elmer S. Young, Soc 607
Theodore Koons, Pro 526
D. Lancaster coucty.
William W. Griest. Rep 17.398
Austin E. McCullough. Dem 4,537
S. S. Watts, Pro 618
10. Lackawanna county.
John R. Farr, Rep 11.564
Patrick M. Lane, Dem 11.762
Edward Robling, Soc 217
11. Luzerne county
John J. Casey, Dem 16,547
B. N. Carpenter, Rep 16,505
12. Schuylkill county.
John E. Reber. Rep 13,500
James J. Moran, Dem 9,712
F. C. Clarke, Soc 353
13. Berks and Lehisrh counties.
Arthur G. Dewalt, Dem 19.776
J. Wilmer Fisher. Rep 15.608
L. Birch Wilson, Jr., Soc 2,397
B. J. Fithian. Pro 338
14. Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne and Wyoming
counties.
Louis T. McFadden, Rep 11.257
A. M. Cornell, Dem 4.873
Edwin P. Young, Pro 807
William Shellenberger. Soc 117
15. Clinton, Lycoming, Potter and Tiuga coun-
ties.
Edgar R. Kiess, Rep 14.153
P. A. McGowan. Soc 653
Charles E. Spotts, Dem 7,372
16. Columbia. Montour. Northumberland and Sul-
liTan counties.
John V. Lesher, Dem 11.782
Albert W. Day. Rep 11.599
J. 8. Ray, Soc 351
W. W. Haffner, Pro 546
17. Franklin, Fulton. Huntingdon, Juninta, Mif-
flin. Perry, Sn.vder and Union counties.
Benjamin K. Focht, Rep 16,762
Scott S. Leiby, Dem 11,348
George Bingham, Soc 298
18. Cumberland, Dauphin and Lebanon counties.
Aaron S. Kreider. Rep 24,981
John W. Coldren. Soc 1.023
J. A. Sprenkel, Pro 2,905
19. Bedford. Blair and Cambria counties.
John M. Rose, Rep 19,846
Bernard J. Clark, Dem 11.857
B. G. Seaman, Soc 722
20. Adams and Yo^k counties.
Andrew R. Brodbeck, Dem 13,525
Edward S. Brooks, Rep 15,362
O. W. Thompson, Soc 394
21. Cameron, Center, Clearfleld and McKean
countios.
William B. Tobias, Dem 8.966
Evan J. Jones. Rep 12.678
Harry W. Brown, Rep 809
22. Butler and Westmoreland coun'.ios.
Edward E. Bobbins', Rep 17,160
George H. MeWherter. Dem 9,904
Max Cenis, Boc 1.627
23. Fayette, Greene and Somerset counties.
Bruce F. Sterling, Dem 14,029
Samuel A. Kendall, Rep 14,550
Louis L. Mellinger, Soc 459
Daniel Sturgeon, Pro 822
24. Beaver, Lawrence and Washington counties.
Henry W. Temple, Rep 18.851
William M. Hartman, Dem 7398
Walter V. Tyler, Soc 1.033
15. Crawford and Erie counties.
Charles N. Crosby, Dem 8.763
Milton W. Shreve, Rep 11.137
Ralph W. Tillotson, Soc 1.068
William H. Kerschner, Pro 900
26. Carbon. Monroe, Northampton and Pike
counties.
Henry J. Steele, Dem 11,872
Francis A. March, Jr., Rep 9,781
D. S. Bachman, Pro 2,035
27. Armstrong. Clarion, Indiana and Jefferson
counties.
Nathan L. Strong, Rep 14.804
Don C. Corbett, Dem 5.686
F. H. Brantlinger, Soc 444
28. Elk, Forest. Mercer, Venango and Warren
counties.
E. H. Beshlin. Dem 10.387
Willis J. Hulings, Rep 13.451
M. V. Ball. Soc M7
29. Allegheny county (part). •
Stephen Geyer Porter, Rep 19,048
Henry Peter, Soc 1.138
C. G. Porter, Pro 1,222
30. Allegheny county (part).
M. Clyde Kelly. Rep 21.559
H. J. Lohr. Soc 2,262
31. Allegheny (part).
John M. Morin. Dem 14.081
William \. Prosser, Soc 772
F. C. Brittain. Pro 660
32. Allegheny (rarn.
Guy E. Campbell, Dem 20.567
John W. Slayton, Soc 1.553
William O. Wallace, Pro 1,458
Legislature.
The legislature is republican.
State Officers. (All republican.)
Governor— William C. Spronl.
Lieutenant-Governor—Edward E. Beidelman.
Secretary of State— Cyrus E. Woods.
Treasurer— Harmon M. Kephart.
Secretary Internal Affairs— James F. Woodward.
RHODE ISLAND (Pop., 1917, 625,865).
Counties. ,-President 1916->
nnmMiw (5) Rep. Dem. So?
In 1917. Hu;hM. Wilson. B.iuon
20856 Bristol 1576 1306 43
41051 Kent 6069 4498 173
44252 Newport 3317 2556 38
494188 Providence 32263 27630 1486
25518 Washington 2633 2055 18
Total 44858 38045 1758
Plurality 6813
Per cent 52.62 44.63 £.06
Total vote 85249
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
429 votes: Reimer. Soc.-Lab., 159.
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received
27.703 votes: Wilson. D~m.. 30.412: Chafin.
Pro.. 616: Debs. Soc.. 2.049; Reimer. Soc.-Lab..
236. and Roosevelt. Prog:.. 16.878 votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Le Baron B. Colt. R^p 42.682
A. A. Archambault. Dem 36.031
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Newport, Bristol and Providenca
(part).
Clark Burdick. Rep 14.478
T. F. Green, Dem 11.556
2. Counties of K>ent, Washington and Providence
(part).
Walter R. Stinoss. Rep 14.710
Stephen J. Casey. Dem 10.914
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
335
3. County of Providence (part).
Ambrose Kennedy. Rep ...................... 14,037
William G. Troy. Dem ...................... 12.176
Legislature, 1916. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans ..................... 25 63 88
Democrats ....................... 13 35 48
State Officers. (All republicans.)
Governor— R. Livingston Beeckman.
Secretary of State— J. Fred Parker.
Treasurer— Richard W. Jenningrs.
(Pop.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Counties.
Portion (45)
27935 Abbeville "'906
43904 Aiken 1750
79670 Anderson 2609
19454 Bamberg 820
34209 Barn well 1454
29602 Beaufort 376
23487 Berkeley 457
18682 Calhoun 665
89022 Charleston 1929
29698 Cherokee 1271
30017 Chester 1182
30607 Chesterfield 1883
35110 Clarendon 894
36804 Colleton 974
39879 Darlington 1462
25682 Dillon 972
19058 Dorchester 716
28096 Edgefield 959
i'9454 Fairfieid 726
40925 Florence 1912
22270 Georgetown 470
79244 Greenville 3384
32636 Greenwood 1636
18545 Hampton 852
29646 Horry 1638
7593 Jasper 243
29991 Kershaw 989
28358 Lancaster 1426
44593 Laurens 1895
28025 Lee 779
§85 Lexington 2060
90 Marion 1019
80 Marlboro 1071
16008 McCormick .. 637
37801 Newberry 1719
30041 Oconee 885
62775 Orangeburg 2641
29836 Pickens 1139
62115 Richland 2283
22385 Saluda 1227
96534 Spartanburg 4503
42586 Sumter 1357
33129 Union 1476
41962 Williamsbunr 1212
62122 York 1393
1917, 1,643,205).
—President 191 6-^
Dem. Rep. Soc.
HnftM*. Beuoou
8
26
6
21
105
6
41
44
_5
2~6
I
13
14
ii
14
31
3
2
19
59
159
292
1
112
143
57
23
20
Total 61846 1550 135
Plurality 60296
Per cent 96.71 2.42 .21
Total vote 63951
In 1916 162 votes were cast for '•progres-
sive" tlectors" and 258 for "progressive repub-
lican" electors.
In 1918 Robert A. Cooper, Dem., was elected
governor without opposition. Nat B. Dial.
Dem., was elected United States Senator for
the long- term and W. W. Pollock. Dem., for
the short term. They had no opposition.
For Representatives in Congress, 19'18.
1. Berkeley. Charleston. Clarendon. Colleton and
Dorchester counties.
R. S. Whaley, Dem 2.328
2. Alken, Bamberg. Barnwell. Beaufort, Edgefield.
Hampton, Jasper and Saluda counties.
James F. Byrnes, Dem 3,155
3. Abbeville, Anderson, Greenwood, McCormick,
Newberry, Oconoe and Pickens counties.
Fred H. Dominick. Dem 3,698
4. Greenville, Laurens, Spartanburg and Union
counties.
8am J. Nichols. Dem 4,069
5. Cherokee. Chester. Chesterfield. Fairfieid. Ker-
slia\v, Lancaster and York counties.
W. F. Stevenson. Dem ...................... 3,64»
6. Darlington. Dillon. Florence, Georgetown, Hor-
ry. Marion. Marlboro and Williamsburg coun-
ties.
J. W. Ragsdale, Dem ....................... 3,626
7. Calhoun, Lee, Lexington. Orangeburg, Rich-
land and Sumter counties.
A. F. Lever, Dem ........................... 4,761
R. H. Richardson. Rep ...................... 176
Legislature.
The legislature is democratic.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— R. A. Cooper.
Secretary of State— W. Banks Dove.
State Treasurer— S. T. Carter.
Attorney-General— S. M. Wolfe.
SOUTH DAKOTA (Pop., 1917, 716,973).
Counties. ^President 1916-s
Population (70) Rep. Dem. Soc.
iul'jir. Hughes. \Vi.son. Bcaaoa
231 Armstrong- .......... — — —
7700 Aurora ... .......... 735 793 23
21392 Beadie ................ 1662
1488 Bennett ............. 67
793
1828
222
11559 Bon Homnii ........ 1231 1278
15350 Brookings .......... 1628 1385
33590 Brown ..... ......... 2659 2676
7216 Brule ............... 729 975
1589 Buffalo 80
5894 Butte 537
5767 Campbell 644
19571 Charles Mix 1450
13792 Clark 1226
8711 Clay 1000
17977 Codington 1550
3858 Corson 603
5721 Custer 392
14647 Davison 1516
15917 Day 1758
8579 Deuel 908
1933 Dewey 352
7412 Doug-las 815
9652 Edmunds 894
10845 Fall River 668
9030 Faulk 759
11179 Grant 1098
20981 Gregory 1434
3553 Haakon 399
8592 Hamlin 1039
10313 Hand 801
7179 Hanson 767
4827 Harding 520
8161 Hughes 611
12627 Hutchinson 1636
4632 Hyde 438
2077 Jackson 283
6815 Jerauld 612
2378 Joiies —
14527 Kingsbury 1339
11859 Lake 1398
21000 Lawrence 2074
13115 Lincoln 1591
7412 Lyman 981
10246 McCook 1194
7131 McPherson 992
9538 Marshall 808
18285 Meade 858
3427 Mellette 379
8973 Miner 1006
33795 M'nnehaha 4318
8963 Moody 973
17449 Pennington 1108
7641 Perkins 890
5544 Potter 512
10853 Roberts 1259
8172 Sanborn 711
Shannon —
20721 Spink 1660
2251 Stanley 254
3007 Sully 281
2403 Todd —
10262 Tripp 1074
14323 Turner 1573
10676 Union 1108
182
930
163
2011
1016
1207
1344
641
488
1374
907
584
379
597
634
46
472
40
1
135
li
28
42?
41
50
66
*a
14
3
41
922 44
629 25
772
48
1396
72
475
86
692
26
905
49
712
9
597
119
536
39
519
53
305
40
279
589
5
1096
70
1027
92
2157
114
936
62
1052
97
1021
48
224
16
885
56
1224
430
*»
880
24
3494
197
898
89
1339
122
118
408
7
1191
187
898
28
1622
74
381
19
268
8
1341
4~0
1134
18
1313
19
336
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Peculation Hughoi Wilson Benson
2420 Walworth 761 590 28
Population.
16228 Crockett
WU*>n.
1608
428
8958
887
1407
2105
1997
1812
348
2469
3412
3209
843
2254
736
741
5828
386
1724
979
1142
1677
978
2988
1479
627
1148
1506
230
520
263
4214
727
1572
1787
387
2791
423
980
1090
1461
2659
1155
1652
2169
541
1263
1976
722
563
3170
1512
663
418
767
2100
661
669
2106
2941
206
335
301
10967
2196
1711
2601
2565
2035
688
226
389
405
1860
1831
1855
3609
1407
2036
2536
Hughes.
1144
924
3168
893
1343
1008
459
116
925
711
1410
1488
1529
3055
319
795
4697
1229
485
1811
1739
i&\
137o
1393
1026
207
452
740
606
1648
1812
5791
130
532
1837
414
552
698
1600
1726
1618
1149
1432
461
720
608
1459
9?i
1265
591
1030
483
501
887
1383
768
1395
733
1116
1486
238
2837
4515
941
591
1776
627
383
217
961
1490
151
632
2723
624
1768
587
600
839
Censoa
3
194
17
10
40
36
2
44
65
32
5
103
31
166
~7
10
16
11
6~0
28
42
17
"5
106
12
2
xg
10
3
^—
1
70
19
62
40
29
1
17
2
31
66
82
"I
202
31
76
70
~4
12
20
8
Jl
34
10
10068 Cumberland ....
168942 Davidson . .
13488 Yankton 1429 1438 46
10093 Decatur
15434 DeKalb
2517 Ziebach 275 211 10
6367 Pine Ridge Res — — —
20919 Dickson
Total . 64261 59191 3760
30662 Fayette
Plurality ., .. 5070
84°4 Fentress
Per <~nt ., , 49.91 45.85 2.89
20564 Franklin
Total vote 128986
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
1.774 votes.
For president in 1912 Roosevelt. Prog., re-
ceived 58,811 votes; Wilson, Dem.. 48.942:
Chafin. Pro.. 3,910. and Debs. Soc.. 4.662.
For Governor. 1918.
32629 Giles
13888 Grainger
14321 Hamblen
109393 Hamilton
10778 Hancock
James B. Bird, Dem 17.346
Mark P. Bates. Nonp 24.919
24036 Hardeman
17521 Hardin
23587 Hawkins
O. S. Anderson. Soc 711
Knute Lewis. Ind 1,344
For United States Senator, 1918.
26436 Hay wood
17030 Henderson
26328 Henry
16642 Hickman
Orville V Rinehart Dem 35 535
6224 Houston
W. T. Rafferty, Ind 6.164
14279 Humphreys
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Aurora. Bon Homme, Brule, Buffa-
lo. Charles Mix. Clay, Davison. Douglas. Han-
BOD. Hutchinson. Jerauld, Lake. Lincoln. Miner.
Moody, Minnehaha, McCook, Sanborn, Turner.
Union and Yankton.
15036 Jackson
5°10 James
108702 Knox
9677 Lake
21105 Lauderdale
Robert E Dowdell Dem 14752
J D Wipf Ind . 1 333
9. Counties of Beadle. Brookings. Brown. Camp-
bell. Clark. Codineton. Day. Deuel. Edmunds.
Faulk. Grant. Hamlin. Hand. Hughes. Hyde.
Kingsbury. Marshall, McPhcrson. Potter. Rob-
erts. Spink, Sully and Walworth.
15783 Macon . .
41563 Madicon
E F Atwood Pro . 1 592
6131 Meigs
3. Counties of Armstrong. Bennett. Butte, Cor-
Bon. Custer, Dewey, Fall River, Gregory, Hard-
ing, Hankon, Jackson, Jones, Lawrence, Ly-
man, Meade, Mellette, Pennington, Perkins,
Stanley, Todd, Tripp, Washabaugh, Washing-
ton and Ziebach.
22'>71 Monroe
33672 Montgomery ....
31157 Obion
17678 Overton
88°5 Perry
Harry A Atwater, Rep .17.703
5087 Pickett
J E Basford Soc ........ . . 210
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 42 85 127
°2308 Putnam
16206 Rliea
22948 Roane
State Officers. (All republicans.)
Governor — Peter Norbeck.
Lieutenant-Governor — W. H. McMaster.
Secretary of State— C. A. Burkhart.
Treasurer — G. H. Helgerson.
Attorney-General — Byron S. Payne.
TENNESSEE (Population, 1917, 2,304,629).
Counties. , President 1916 \
Population (96) Dem. Rep. Soc.
l£l917. Wilson. Hushes. li.OR n
17777 Anderson 540 1733 20
°°667 Bedford. °310 1360 -
33199 Rutherford
13310 Scott
4840 Sequatchie . . . .
2°496 Sevi°r . .
219090 Shelby
18548 Smith
30444 Sullivan
°-j6°l Sumner . .. ..
29594 Tipton .
5874 Trou^dale
8185 Unicoi
11414 Union
2784 Van Buren
12864! Bcnton . 1313 805 24
6329 Bledsoe 423 681 —
21979 Blount 1015 2462 1
16624 Warren
33611 Washington .....
12062 Wayne
31929 Weakley .
16756 Bradley 784 1482 18
34788 Campbell 485 1670 46
10825 Cannon 930 456 24
23971 Carroll 2001 2217 40
16342 White
24213 Williamson
25394 Wilson
10851 Cheatham 1117 439 6
9090 Chester 862 645 42.
25553 Claiborne 1053 1398 19
Total
Plurality
Per cent
150966 115641 2538
35325
56.06 42.95 .94
269289
Hanly, Pro., received
9437 Clay 680 578 17
10580 Cocke 695 1478 13
Total vote
For president in 1916
144 votes.
15662 Coffee .. 1837 489 20
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
337
For United States Senator. 1918.
J. K. Shields Dem.... .99677
Population.
4539 Calhoun .,
wn»on.
338
959
1260
721
326
1505
176
239
2002
948
1324
48~4
1700
4141
589
1041
432
1494
418
2273
1802
455
6~5
456
124
363
13410
288
356
1254
2844
1056
389
193
636
597
1086
120
299
4718
3603
2024
2037
3493
1902
950
600
475
788
684
1575
410
80
3543
330
405
96
605
1675
482
5093
820
1108
830
908
925
1231
166
932
1279
10131
1374
161
1200
995
496
1790
1364
3951
693
2568
1730
Hugh...
84
74
420
206
78
707
69
101
241
t/1
177
2~9
96
594
31
358
742
148
36
353
188
12
16
31
2
81
2554
14
77
72
451
1068
15
74
42
37
!«,
73
324
1770
184
729
471
1212
46
48
41
329
62
637
55
1263
14
1463
8
548
649
69
1024
159
108
1812
80
49
201
47
94
158
3009
173
30
95
123
141
268
260
382
64
218 *
373
Ben»on
it
25
35
7
Ti
«»
54
42
182
190
54
76
38
301
53
106
72
1
"6
46
1
39
184
14
16
115
157
21
39
54
3
294
~6
74
111
287
IB!
40
229
78
88
16
42
98
4
4
73
14
12
6f
51
35
285
25
25
7
43
88
f!
123
4§§
60
1
369
10
23
354
27
86
84
231
162
H. O. Evans, Bep 61093
16044 Callahan
For Governor. 1918.
A. H. Roberts. Dem 99,680
32764 Cameron
9848 Camp
3338 Carson
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Carter. Ciai borne. Cocke.
Griinger, Greene. Hancock. Hawkins, Johnson,
Sevier. Sullivan, Unicoi and Washington.
Sam R. Sells, Rep 12,853
31051 Cass
2910 Castro
5101 Chambers
31873 Cherokee
14939 Childress
2. The counties of Anderson. Blount. Campbell.
Hamblen. Jefferson, Kuox, Loudon, Roane,
Scott and Union.
J. W. Taylor, Rep 13.868
22746 Clay t..
8589 Coke
31774 Coleman
490° 1 Collin
I. The counties of Bledsoe. Bradley. Franklin.
Grundy. Hamilton. James, McMinn, Mariou.
Meigs. Monroe. Polk. Sequatchie. Van Buren.
Warren and White.
John A. Moon. Dem 12,568
8137 Colling-sworth ...
18897 Colorado
9474 Comal
30236 Comanche ......
10468 Concho
4. The counties of Clay. Cumberland. Feutress,
Jackson, Macon, Overton, Pickett, Putnam,
Rhea. Smith. Sumner. Trousdale and Wilson.
Cordell Hull Dem 11 646
26602 Cooke
21992 Coryedl ....
6874 Cottle ..
534 Crane
6. The counties of Bedford, Cannon, Coffee, De-
Ealb. Lincoln. Marshall. Moore and Ruther-
ford.
Edwin L Davis Dem 11 089
1296 Crockett
§479 Crosby
172 Culberson . .
6814! Dallam ..
6. The counties of Cheatham. Davidson, Mont-
gomery, Robertson and Stewart.
Joseph W Byrus Dem ... 10 794
174451 Dallas
3986 Dawson
6204 Deaf Smith
14566 Delta
7. The counties of Diekson. Giles. Hickman.
Houston, Humphreys, Lawrence. Lewis, Maury,
Wayne and Williamson.
L. P. Padgett, Dem 10,178
33404 Denton
25HOO DeWitt
8. The counties of Benton. Carroll. Chester. De-
catur. Hardin. Henderson. Henry. Madison, Mc-
Nairy and Perry.
T W Sims Dem . .. .... 9010
5177 Dimmit
9100 Duval
^7400 Eastland
9. The counties of Crockett, Dyer. Gibson. Hay-
wood, Lake. Lauderdale, Obion and Weakley.
F J Garrett Dem 11.129
^764 Edwards
56°35 Ellis
10. The counties of Fayette. Hardeman. Shelby
and Tipton.
70801 El Paso
33649 Erath
07000 Ifnlla
Legislature.
The legislature is democratic OB joint ballot.
State Officers.
Governor — A. H. Roberts. Dem.
Secretary of State— I. B. Stevens, Dem.
Treasurer— Hill McAlister. Dem.
TEXAS (Population, 1917, 4,515,423).
Counties. , President 1916 — %
Population (253) Dem. Rep. Soc.
Inl..,;. V,,..«n. Hu he*. benso
30844 Anderson 1984 501 187
44801 Fannin . •
19085 Fisher
6549 Floyd
8762 Foard
19358 Fort Bend
9810 Franklin
2il760 Freestone
1°321 Frio
2131 Gaines
44744 Galveston
3315 Garza
10336 Gillespie
1624 Andrews 71—3
1769 Glasscock
20789 Angelina .. 1344 75 335
11077 Golirfti
2390 Aransaa 179 24 6
28055 Gonzales
9458 Archer 527 104 34
5540 Gray
3759 Armstrong- . 352 43 6
67699 Grayson . .
12092 Atascosa .. 635 119 44
15452 Gregg1
17699 Austin ... 960 673 10
21205 Grimes
537 Bailey — — —
27487 Guadalupe
4507 Bandera 537 168 44
11863 Hale
25344 Bastrop . . . . 1335 550 21
13102 Hall
12322 Baylor 711 47 74
166°6 Hamilton
15280 Bee .. 584 152 29
1496 Hansford
61851 Bell . . 3615 356 162
16745 Hardeman
156360 Bexar 7008 5483 187
18713 Hardin
4311 Blanco . 628 235 19
153582 Harris
1832 Borden 84 1 3
41158 Harrison
20197 Bosque 1561 379 73
1969 Hartley
40776 Bowia 1941 414 273
26184 Haskell
13299 Brazoria . .. 1033 581 80
16521 Hays
18963 Brazos 1027 273 3
4888 Hemphill
7316 Brewster ., 207 43 7
20247 Henderson ..
2826 Briscoe 260 4 22
17565 Hidalgo
4580 Brooks . 101 63 1
50704 Hill
27982 Brown 1986 181 104
204 Hockley
18920 Burleson 1208 2 262
10636 Hood
10922 Burnet 913 115 23
33°97 Hopkins
26040 Oaldwell ., 1216 225 15
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
PvpuUtlon.
13517 Howard
\Vil3on.
747
Hughes.
30
Benson
99
Population. \Hlwn. Hughe*. Benson
O^ljS Runnels 1487 195 133
1152 Hudspeth ..
27564 Rusk 1849 521 196
48715 Hunt
4242
424
155
10177 Sabine 681 22 54
1321 Hutchinson
1601 Irion .....
114
150
28
5
6
11
13329 San Aug-ustine .. 682 18 51
9542 San Jacinto . .. 442 255 1
12979 Jack
862
121
115
10909 San Patricio .... 594 130 65
• 6746 Jackson
403
123
65
13927 San Saba .... 995 66 90
906
75
41
2898 Schleicher 163 10 1
°063 Jeff Davis
234
74
1
15862 Scurry 994 40 78
3082'
488
155
5470 Shackleford .. 378 51 36
^745 Jim Hog"g"
187
ill
30781 Shelby 1767 131 175
10436 Jim Wells
335
100
35
2304 Sherman .. s!52 39 9
30A0
275
170
44939 Smith 2422 773 270
36888 Jones
1798
114
214
4246 Somervell 278 20 84
19513 Karnes
889
238
5
7603 Starr .. 516 115 —
2780
427
172
9084 Stephens 572 12 103
48°0 Kendall
232
590
5
1760 Sterling- 205 6 —
3937 Kent
5413 K-irr
3815 Kimble
<1043 King-
212
6211
223
^47
2
272
*t
25
30
13
7608 Stonewall 502 21 119
1569 Sutton 130 13 —
6045 Swisher 381 62 10
149593 Tarrant 10269 1551 329
4097 Kinney
4319 Kleberg-
14956 Knox
46544 Lamar
233
427
884
3412
201
106
64
309
7
44
105
96
37820 Taylor 2134 120 118
1770 Terrell 181 59 2
25113 Terry 146 1 —
6616 Throckmorton ... 330 10 76
150
14
4
19435 Titus 1164 189 95
10194 Lampasas
6530 LaSalle
2641i8 Lavaca
13132 Lee
848
340
1784
571
Q7Q
113
40
936
836
335
31
3
241
82
16^
26073 Tom Green 1243 92 63
61631 Travis 3682 690 71
14074 Trinity 906 156 91
10250 Tyler 635 24 3.1
22656 Upshur . 1346 198 121
12573 Liberty
36115 Limestone
3980 Lipscomb
4300 Live Oak
6520 Llano
704
2188
350
397
716
224
225
116
119
72
82
107
47
51
23
831 Upton 42 6 —
16041 Uvalde 728 92 13
11057 Valverde 446 135 5
25774 Van Zandt 20^0 232 648
15947 Victoria 897 476 35
1624H Walker 763 315 24
6054 Lubbock
633
331
34
15
27
«
12138 Waller ., 635 182 6
3074 Ward 178 23 8
10318 Madison
H0472 Marion
0407 MTrtin
730
445
1°5
120
166
14
41
2*3
25561 Washing-ton 1119 1306 3
22979 Webb 676 472 —
24173 Wharton 948 351 85
5763 Mason
19066 Matag-orda
5944 Maverick
386
748
192
157
252
246
32
79
2
8632 Wheeler 554 56 83
23603 Wichita 2108 347 94
16556 Wilbargrer 1242 99 116
2468 Willacy 110 10
20298 McCulloch
83089 McLennan
847
4979
61
940
117
122
*?V>61 Williamson 2701 656 80
19331 Wilson 869 345 30
1140 McMullen
17526 Medina
3°ll4 Mrnard
758
267
650
44
26
32
719 Winkler 21 —
26^50 Wise 2023 263 9
251^6 Wood 1719 218 416
36780 Milam
11039 Mills
13411 Mitchell
2198
6*0
803
576
129
39
2SO
106
80
10°0 Yo.?l:um 85 1 1
18851 Young- 1175 71 71
2972 Zapata 26 214
25360 Montag-ne
15679 Montgromsry
817 Moore
1803
880
103
2A5
179
6
242
141
Total 285124 64356 19135
12060 Morris
3226 Motley
689
393
163
9
52
Psr cent 76.92 17.36 5.17
29409 Nacog-docb.cs ....
49767 Navarro
13453 Nc>wton ..
1766,
3527
493
92
294
34
141
100
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
2,054 votes.
18851 Nolan
10A8
91
79
For United States Senator, 1918
1RPO
401:
14°
Morris Sheppard, Dem 248742
2576 Oohiltree
238
41
g
J. Webster Flnnag-an, Rep... 36164
11^1 OIHhpm
118
4°
M. A. Smith Soc . . 1° 362
12172 Orang-e
24778 Palo Pinto
758
1-131
92
124
2^3
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
TMst-ict.
20424 Panola
1^28
1°5
71
1. Counties of Bowie, Camp Cass Delta
26702 Parker
1707
173
240
Franklin Honkins Lamar Marion Morris
2666 Farmer
194
64
10
Red River and Titus.
2564 Pecos .
394
96
o
E^g-cne Black D~m . 9 640
19659 Polk
918
307
0.13
20165 Potter
1288
166
99
Harrison Jasper Jefferson N^cogxioches
6345 Presidio ..
2"5
27
Newton Orang-° Panola Sabine San Aug"us-
7268 Rains
509
71
tin° Shelby and Tyler '
50°0 Randall
341
63
6
John C Bex DTI 10 474
578 Reag-an .
59
2
3. Counties of GrQtrtr Henderso'n" ''Kaufman
2077 Real
OAO
14
25
28564 Red River
20°1
356
141
6250 Reeves
3A6
43
5
3670 Refugio
1(189 Roberts
408
220
232
27
47
v 3
and Rains.
Sam Ravburn, Dem 9758
27454 Robertson
1313
218
44
8072 Rock-wall
828
27
Hatton W. Summers. 'Dem. .. ...6.964
ALMANAC AND YEAS-BOOK FOR 1920.
0. Counties of Brazos, Freestone. Hill, Leon,
Limestone. Madison. Milam, Navarro and
Robertson.
Rufus Hardy. Dem 11.396
Charles W. Beck. Rep 1.577
7. Counties of Anderson, Chambers, Galves-
ton, Houston, Liberty, Montgomery, Polk,
San Jadnto, Trinity and Walker.
Clay Stone Briggs. Dem 6.671
8. Counties of Fort Bend, Grimes, Harris and
Waller.
Joe Henry Eagle. Dem 7.554
9. Counties of Brazoria. Calhoun, Colorado,
Dewitt, Fayette, Goliad, Gpnzales, Jackson,
Lavaca. Matagorda, Refugio, Victoria and
Wharton.
Joseph JT. Mansfield, Dem 8,696
10. Counties of Austin, Bastrop, Burleson.
Caldwell. Hays. Lee. Travis, Washington and
Williamson.
James P. Buchanan, Dem 8.576
11. Counties of Bell, Bosque, Coryell, Falls,
. Hamilton and McLennan.
Tom Connally, Dem 9.304
12. Counties of Erath, Hood. Johnson, Parker,
Somervell and Tarrant.
James C. Wilson, Dem 9,307
13. Counties of Archer. Baylor. Clay. Cooke,
Denton, Jack. Montague, Throckmorton,
Wichita, Wilbarger. Wise and Young.
Lucian W. Parrish. Dem 9.700
14. Counties of Aransas. Bee. Bexar. Blanco,
Comal, Guadalupe. Karnes, Kendall. Nueces.
San Patricio and Wilson.
Carlos Bee. Dem 8.038
John D. Hartman, Rep 3.717
15. Counties of Atascosa, Brooks, Cameron.
Dimmit. Duval. Frio. Hidalgo. Jim Hogg, Jim
Wells, Kinney. Kleberg. Lasalle, Live Oak.
Maverick. M'cMullen. Medina. Starr. Uvalde.
TilJacy, Zapata and Zavalla.
John "Nance Garner, Dem 6,814
16. Counties of Andrews. Bandera. Brewster.
Coke. Crane. Crockett. Culberson. Ector. Ed-
wards, El Paso. Gillcspie. Glasscock. Howard.
Hudspeth. Iripn. J^ff Davis. Kerr. Kimble.
Loving1. Martin. M
ason. Menard. Midland,
. Presidio. Reagan. Real.
Reeves. Schleicher, Sterling1, Button, Terrell.
Valverde. Ward
Mitchell, Pecos.
J.C11.
Tom Green. Upton. Valverde. Ward and
Winkler.
C. B. Hudsoeth. Dem 6,211
17. Counties of Brown. Burnet. Callahan. Cole-
man, Comanche. Concho, Eastland. Jones,
Lampasas. Llano, McCulloch, Mills, Nolan.
Palo Pinto. Runnels. San Saba, Shackelford,
Stephens and Taylor.
James L. Blanton. Dem 11.212
18. Counties of Armstrong, Bailey. Borden.
Bri?coe. Cnrson. Castro. Childress, Cochran.
Collinsworth, Cottle. Crosby. Dallam. Dawson.
Deaf Smith. D ckens, Donley. Fisher. Floyd.
Foard. Gaines. Garza. Gray. Hale. Hall. Hans-
ford. Haoxleman, Hartley, Haskell, Hemphill,
Hockley, Hutchinson. Kent. King. Knox.
Lamb. Lipscomb, Lubbock, Lynn, Moore,
Motley. Oohiltree. Oldham. Farmer. Potter.
Randall. Roberts. Scurry, Sherman, Stone-
wall. Swi?her. Terry. Wheeler and Yoakum.
Marvin Jones, Dem 10,479
Hugh E. Exum. Rep 513
Legislature. Spnate.House. J.B.
Democrats 31 142 173
Republican j. 1
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — W. P. Hobby.
Lieutenant-Governor — W. A. Johnson.
Treasurer— J«hn W. Baker.
Com. General Land Office — J. T. Robison.
Attorney-General— C. M. Cureton.
Commissioner of Agriculture — Fred Davis.
UTAH (Population, 1917, 443,866).
Counties. ^President 1916— ^
f.pnUHon (29) Dem. Rep. Soc.
fa 1917. Wilson. Hughes. Benson
10729 Box Elder".'! '.', 2954 2414 34
Population.
26655
11266
11792
6564
8278
3848
1920
4215
11155
1652
6438
2775
1734
1883
170626
3366
16988
10741
8200
8335
7483
41946
5406
5495
1749
42434
.
Cache 5314
Carbon 1472
Daggett —
Davis 2124
Duchesne 1450
Emery 1401
Garfield , 843
Grand 307
Iron 1151
Juab 2214
Kane 327
Millard 1781
Morgan 484
Piute 419
Rich 456
Salt Lake 30682
San Juan 445
Sanpete 3385
Sevier -2031
Summit 1495
Tooele 1531
Uinta 1459
Utah 8203
Wasatch 881
Washington 1397
Wayne 393
Weber 8139
3757 75
1291 147
1644
685
879
517
212
829
1247
304
1299
464
268
323
17637
213
2910
1722
1190
1125
712
5202
818
701
223
4704
22
410
88
16
19
76
151
14
94
8
65
1778
15
78
67
240
113
94
410
14
4
9
Total 84025 54136 4460
Plurality 29889
Per cent 58.84 37.92 3.18
Total vote 142770
^ For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
149 votes.
For president in 1912 Taft. Rep., received
42.100 votes; Wilson, Dem., 36.579- Roose-
velt, Progr., 24,174; Debs, Soc., 9,027.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Beaver. Box Elder, Cache. Carbon. Duchesne,
Emery, Grand, Garfield. Iron. Juab, Kane,
Millard. Morgan, Piute. Rich, San Juan. San-
pete. Sevier, Summit. Uinta, Wasatch, Wash-
ington. Wayne and Weber.
Milton H. Welling, Dem 25327
Wattis, Rep '.^TS
Keer. Soc 347
2. Davis, Salt Lake, Tooele and Utah.
James H. Mays, Dem.-Prog 23.93*
Spry, Rep 16.134
Kempton, Soc 721
Legislature. Senate.House.J.B.
Dem.-Prog 16 44 60
Republicans 4—4
State Officers.
Governor— Simon Bamberger, Dem.
Secretary of State— Hardin Bennion, Dem.
Treasurer— Daniel O. Larson. Dem.
Attorney-General— Dan B. Shields.
VERMONT (Population, 1917, 364,946).
Counties. ^-President 1916-^
o?ui.tion (14) Rep. Dem. Soc.
in 1917. H<i-lKi Wi'g-m Benwn
20010 Addison 2765 874 ill
21378 Bennington 2602 1590 83
27235 Caledonia 3024 1887 24
44524 Chittenden 3786 2772 43
7384 Essex 734 544 7
29866 Franklin 2796 2107 11
3761 Grand Isle 407 434 3
12801 Lamoille 1474 643 27
18703 Orange 2151 1379 51
24296 Orleans 2758 1047 7
51007 Rutland 5926 2785 84
45422 Washington 4216 2732 335
27130 Windham 3375 1698 42
34743 Windsor 4236 2216 70
Total 40250 22708 798
Plurality 17542
Per cent 62.45 35.231.23
Total vote 64465
840
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., reoeired
709 votes.
For president in 1912, Taft, Rep., received
23.305 votes: Roosevelt, Prog., 22,070: Wil-
•on, Dem.. 15,350; Chafln, Pro., 1,154.
For United States Senator. 191V.
Carroll S. Page, Rep 47,362
Oscar C- Miller Dem 14,956
N. E. Greenslet, Soc 1,366
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Addison. Bennington, Chittenden,
Franklin. Grand Isle. Lamoille and Rutland.
Frank L. Greene, Rep 16,309
John Biggins. Dem 5,179
2. Counties of Caledonia, Essex, Orange, Orleans,
Washington. Windham and Windsor.
Porter H. Dale, Rep 16,145
J. B. Reardon, Dem 5,618
For Governor, 1918.
Percival W. Clement. Rep 28,358
William B. Mayo, Dem 13.859
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 30 220 350
Democrats 26 26
Independent 11
State Officen. (All republicans.)
Governor — Percival W. Clement.
Lieutenant-Governor—Mason S. Stone.
Treasurer— Walter F. Scott.
Secretary of State— Harry A. Black.
Auditor — Benjamin Gates.
VIRGINIA (Population. 1917.
Counties.
tsffi- (118)
39628 Accomac
25868 Albemarle
17939 Alexandria city
11791 Alexandria
0.5212 Alleghany
8490 Amelia
19712 Amherst
8352 Appomattox
33700 Augusta
7226 Bath
29549 Bedford
5154 Bland
18140 Botetourt
7465 Bristol city
19995 Brunswick
14263 Buchanan
15204 Bucking-ham
3870 Buena Vista city
26624 Campbell
16596 Caroline
22439 Carroll
5409 Charles City
16108 Charlotte
12020 Charlottesville city
18197 Chesterfield
7468 Clarke
7330 Clifton Forge city
5016 Craig
13472 Culpeper
9340 Cumberland
20183 Danville city
10260 Dickenson
15491 Dinwiddie
22513 Elizabeth City
9105 Essex
21154 Fairfax
22526 Fauquier
14092 Floyd
8323 Fluvanna
26864 Franklin
12787 Frederick
6461 Fredericksburg1 city
12230 Giles
12477 Gloucester
9237 Goochland
S2048 Grayson
7464 Greene
13447 Greenesville
42122 Halifax
2,213,035).
-Prr-s. 1916-^
§f!
900
*??
Population.
16S97
16439
18459
6317
16264
3624
6779
9802
8669
10337
26746
21167
16621
13564
33497
10055
9419
30711
9313
18300
29665
17365
4682
22622
91148
49686
18790
11455
14262
14152
14404
18501
25817
64154
40693
6099
14266
40000
11769
12691
19171
4828
8044
158702
7653
46282
20742
21171
35905
27446
24630
65
28823
10441
8070
11823
10623
14817
260S5
8589
4880
35627
9363
6376
44751
20372
7957
Wilson.
760
690
851
370
24
679
127
223
271
342
461
1287
22<
Hanover ,
Henrico
Henry
Highland
Hopewell c ty ,
Isle of Wight
James City
King1 George
King- and Queen ,
King William
Lancaster
Lee
Loudoun '.'.'..'.'.'. 1490
Louisa 710
Lunenburg 814
Lynchburg city 1465
Madison 572
Mathews 549
Mecklenburg 1317
Middlesex 373
Montgomery 765
Nansemond 663
Nelson 1063
New Kent 192
Newport N?ws city 939
Norfolk city 3234
Norfolk 1612
Northampton 802
Northumberland 503
Nottoway 608
Orange 608
Page 842
Patrick 872
Petersburg city 1155
Pittsylvania 2012
Portsmouth city 1368
Powhatan 233
Prince Edward 668
Prince George 258
Princess Anne 515
Prince William 754
Pulaski 1057
Radford city 206
Rappahannock 401
Richmond city 6987
Richmond ' 329
Roanoke city 2246
Roanoke 850
Rockbridge 1049
Rockingham 1650
Russell 1570
Scott 1319
Shenandoah 1440
Smyth 1134
Southampton 1045
Spotsylvania 398
Stafford 444
Stauntou city 511
Surry 430
Sussex 486
Tazewell 1108
Warren 583
Warwick 97
Washington 1863
Westmoreland 338
Winchester city 468
Wise 1468
Wythe 1334
York , 247
Hughe*
102
140
667
31O
140-
127
119
68
1569
110
353
348
90
222
69
465
963
684
109
153
613
815
161
112
108
31
192
721
1210
180
610
460
601
1322
1410
1743
1425
1321
128
249
422
311
1591
1717
126
196
1862
1370
61
Total 102824 49358
Plurality 53466
Percent ' 66.76 32.07
Total vote 153994
For president in 1916 Benson. Soc.. received
1,062 votes: Hanly. Pro.. 683, and Reimer.
Soc.-Lab.. 67. •
For United States Senator, 1918.
Thomas S. Martin, Dem « 40,403
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Accomac, Caroline, Elizabeth
City, Essex, Gloucester, Hampton, King and
Queen, Lancaster, Mathews. Middlesex. North-
ampton, Northumberland, Richmond, Spottsyl-
vania, Warwick. Westmoreland. York and
cities of Newport News and Fredericksburg.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
341
8. O. Bland. Dem 4.835
2. The counties of Isle of Wight. Nansemond,
Norfolk Princess Anne, Southampton arid cities
of Norfolk, Portsmouth and Suffolk.
Edward E. Holland. Dem 3.420
3. The counties of Charles City, Chesterfield,
Goochland. Hanover, Henrlco. James City.
King Willinm. New Kent and cities of Rich-
mond and Williamsburg.
Andrew J. Montague, Dem 3.073
4. Thi counties of Amelia. Brunswick, Dinwiddie,
Greeiiesville, Lunenburg. Mecklenburg. Notto-
way. Powhatan. Prince Edward, Prince George.
Surrey Sussex and city of Petersburg.
Walter A. Watson. Dem 2.506
6. Counties of Carroll. Charlotte, Franklin.
Grayson, Halifax. Henry, Patrick, Pittsylvauia
and the city of Danville.
E. W. Saunders, Dem .3.880
6. Counties of Bedford. Campbell. Floyd. Mont-
eomery. Roanoke and the cities of Radford,
Ronnoke and Lynchburg.
Carter Glass, Dem .. 2.705
7 The counties of Albemarle, Clarke. Frederick,
'Greene. Madison. Pace, Rappahannoek. Rocking-
ham Shenar.doah. Warren and the cities of
Charlottesville. Winchester and Harrisonburg.
Thomas W. Harrison. Dem ....3.767
8. The counties of Alexandria. Culpeper, Fairfax.
Fauquier, King George, Loudoun, Louisa. Or-
ange. Prince William. Stafford and the city of
Alexandria.
E. C. Carlin, Dem 4.»U
9. The counties of Bland. Buchanan. Dickenson,
Giles. Lee. Pulaski. Russell, Scott, Smyth.
Tazewell. Washington. Wise, Wythe and the
city of Bristol.
C. Bascom Slemp. Rep - 8,089
10. The counties of Alleghany, Amherst. Appo-
mattox. Augusta. Bath, Botetourt, Bucking-
ham, Craig. Cumberland, Fluvanna. Highland,
Nelson, Rockbridge and the cities of Buena
Vista. Staunton and Clifton Forge.
H. D. Flood. Dem 4.699
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Democrats 36 88 124
Republicans 4 12
Democratic majority 32 76
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — Westmoreland Davis.
Lieutenant-Governor — B. F. Buchanan.
Attorney-General— John R. Saunders.
Secretary of Commonwealth — B. O. James.
Treasurer — Charles A. Johnston.
Auditor— C. Lee Mocre.
1C8
WASHINGTON (Pop., 1917.
Coimties.
million (39)
15359
7631
11806
23261
7595
35383
7042
15980
14111
4974
8559
4403
13302
50530
6774
10253
412077
25589
25027
15142
44514
21606
6137
18871
Adams
Asotin
Benton
Chelan
Clallam
Clarke
Columbia
Cowlitz
Douglas
Ferry
Franklin
Garfield
Grant
Grays Harbor
Island
Jefferson
King-
Kitsap
Kittitas
Klickitat
Lewis
Lincoln
Mason
Okanogran
1,597,400) .
^-Pres. 1916-^
Dem.
1287
1125
1298
2757
1328
3720
1156
1280
1914
908
1105
722
1555
4978
854
8H4
52246
3496
2505
1470
4321
2816
780
2882
1235
992
1411
3004
1455
4413
1144
2107
1124
580
671
843
1207
4987
802
1090
38679
2630
2286
1552
§161
354
759
1881
Population.
17312
7655
168476
4095
40168
3761
84946
199160
28412
23168
3625
41604
68048
39062
62043
Pacific ................. 2662
Pend d'Oreille ..... 915
Pierce ................. 16737
San Juan ............... 586
Skagit ................ 4120
Skamania .............. 484
Snohomish ............. 8598
Spokane ............... 19475
Stevens ................ 2677
Thurston .............. 3209
Wahkiakum ........... 489
Walla Walla ........ 4403
Whatcom .............. 7597
Whitman .............. 4927
Yakima ................ 7153
1539
1081
18943
005
4927
453
8398
21305
3181
2666
340
4421
5636
5866
6116
Total 166399 182993
Per cent 44.74 49.19
Plurality 16594.
Total vote 371936
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
6.868 votes; Benson, Soc.. received 22,544
votes.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. City of Seattle and Kitsap county.
John F. Miller. Rep 23.326
J. M. Hawthorne. Dem ..20488
Hulet M. Wells. Soc
2. Counties of Clallam. Island. Jefferson, King
(outside Seattle), San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish
and Whatcom.
Lindley H. Hadley. Rep 19,797
Joseph A. Sloan, Dem 15059
James M. Salter. Soc 2045
3. Counties of Clarke, Cowlitz. Grays Harbor.
Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, Skamania,
Thurston and Wahkiakum.
Albert Johnson, Rep ..29.178
Theodore Moss. Dem 12407
O. T. Clark. Soc 2.243
4. Counties of Adams, Asotin, Bonton Columbia,
Franklin. Garfield, Grant, Kittitrs, Klickitat,
Walla Walla, Whitman and Yakima.
John W. Summers. Rep 17.439
William E. McOroskey, Dem 13.335
Walter Price, Soc 778
5. Counties of Chelan. Douglas. Ferry. Lincoln,
Okanooran, Pend d'Oreille, Spokane and Stevens.
J. Stanley Webster, Rep 22.426
C. C. Dill. Dem 20.061
Legislature. Senate.Honse.J.B.
Republicans 39 87 126
Democrats 3 10 13
State Officers.
Governor — ( Vacancy. )
Lieutenant-Governor (Acting Governor)—
Louis F. Hart. Rep.
Secretary of State— I. M. Howell. Rep.
State Treasurer— W. W. Sherman. Rep..
Attorney-General — L. L. Thompson, Rep.
WEST VIRGINIA (Pop.
Counties. f
Population (55)
in 1917.
17070 Barbour
23845 Berkeley
11890 Boone
26030 Braxton
13930 Brooke
59409 Cabell
11981 Calhoun
11683 Clay
12672 Doddridgre
66441 Fayette
11379 G:lmer
8250 Grant
27862 Greenbrier
11694 Hampshire
13220 Hancock
9684 Hardy
63484 Harrison
20956 Jackson
1917, 1,412,602).
-President 1916 — ..
Rep. Soc.
HuZ' M. -
2083
2802
Dem.
Wileon.
1848
2938
1397
2957
1261
6448
1317
1047
1061
5377
1695
391
3170
2181
ill
2032
842
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Population. V ilson. Hughtg. Benson
15889 Jefferson 2544 1181 44
100992 Kanawha 10276 10096 598
19231 Lewis 2248 2263 102
State Officers.
Governor— John J. Cornwell. Dem.
Secretary— Houston Golf Young, Rep.
24183 Lincoln 2113 2104 59
19966 Logan 3270 2107 62
§349 Marion 5493 4443 443
Treasurer — William S. Johnson, Rep.
727 M'arshall 2997 3699 229
WISCONSIN (Population, 1917, 2,537,167).
019 Mason 2336 2454 101
49574 Mercer 4836 4788 55
19442 Mineral . 1747 1965 79
Counties. , President 1916 N
Prur (71) Dem. ^y. ^oc.
25322 Ming-o 2472 2223 10
28192 Monong^ha .. 2227 3412 297
03-771 Ashhmd .. ... 1582 1998 187
13055 Monroe .. 1609 1584 8
33083 BaFron ... 1863 2746 138
8253 Morgan . 666 1208 30
171^1 Bavfleld 996 1320 226
69105 McDowell . .. 3692 7086 26
£q747 Brown . 5771 4132 220
22295 Nicholas 2467 2050 69
16006 BUS*:::: 1043 1492 eK
64541 Ohio 6074 7349 509
10156 Burnett . 638 1007 169
9482 Pendleton 1276 888 9
16701 Calumet . 1382 1979 76
8074 Pleasants 899 876 7
S7642 Chippewa 2233 3324 71
19241 Pocahontas 1849 1550 53
33159 Clark 1614 3371 130
28979 Preston 1694 3838 105
<:511S5 Columbia 2°99 3395 82
19503 Putnam .. 1837 1925 131
1 fV'Sft Crawford 1764 1883 34
35264 Raleigh 3319 3791 151
^75 Dane 9859 6931 192
32127 Randolph 3024 2165 253
48U'-3 Dodge 4519 4887 112
17875 Ritchie . . 1657 2225 89
1QV34 Door 1204 1656 39
22776 Roane .. 2186 2406 38
fi^ll Doug-las" 2940 3007 801
19991 Summers . . 2389 1781 24
254*0 : 1447 2556 171
17703 Taylor .. 1672 2002 87
:^477 EaS Claire 2290 2922 187
29502 Tucker 1388 1531 158
^^1 ^ "Flnrpnp^ 162 412 9
16211 Tyler 1336 1900 68
18039 Upshur .. 1019 2553 68
54545 FonTduLac.:: 5021 5781 128
1 071 ^ "Pnrpst 637 738 17
24418 Wayne 2989 2215 43
39099 G?ant .'.'.' 3459 4718 72
10276 Webster 15l3 854 14
*>1 £54. 1 Prppn 1687 24°2 66
24567 Wetzel 2797 1910 77
^4Q1 CreeS Lake"" 1352 1647 34
9047 Wirt .. 1072 951 12
^497 Iowa 2230 2271 20
40590 Wood , 4817 4521 142
^Q^Q Trrvn "'I' 475 6?2 43
11860 Wyoming 1199 1484 7
17075 Jackson 963 1866
Total ...140403 143124 6150
34306 Jefferson 3o45 xXx« i£J?
19569 Juneau 1442 2292 109
Plurality 2721
4.1 11Q TC>nn<=ha 2816 3537 501
Per cent . 48.46 49.44 2.10
16784 Kewaunee"'"" 2011 1104 17
Total vote 289677
44794 LaCrosse 4123 3597 278
20075 Lafayette 2059 2544 19
°0352 "L,an"-lade 1755 1538 81
Hep* 56 667** Debs Soc* 15336 and 6liafi.ii'
21104 Lfncoln ..'.'.'.... 1282 2189 100
Pro.',' 4,534. '
46960 Manitowoc 4338 4224 469
63665 Marathon .. 3677 5838 607
For United States Senator, 1916.
35994 Marinette 2205 2767 145
W E Chilton Dem 138,585
10909 Marquette 923 1377 15
For Representatives in Congress 1918.
508496 Milwaukee .... 34812 27821 Io94.
29448 Monroe 1991 3013 123
29146 Oconto 1892 2570 70
>>• VAiunties o *i xiaiicycK, JSTOOKC, vjiiiu, u.idr
13300 Oneida 1054 1089 254
Charles J. Schuck. Rep 15.330
51185 Outagamie 4442 5302 164
17677 Ozaukee 1577 1610 51
I. Counties of Monongalia. Preston. Barbour,
7577 Pepin 622 766
2^079 Pierce .. 1650 1945 73
Randolph. Tucker. Pendleton, Grant, Hardy,
23969 Polk 1713 2080 196
Mineral, Hampshire, Morgran, Berkeley and
S^OIS Portage .. 3000 2520 71
Jefferson
17017 price . 1049 1620 147
George M. Bowers. Rep 18,444
60023 Racine 5081 4495 606
18809 Richland 1845 2051 89
9. Counties of Ritchie, Doddridge. Harrison,
58702 Rock 4015 7011 224
13086 Rusk 926 989 115
Calhoun, Gilmer, Lewis. Upshur, Braxton,
25910 St Croix., 2352 2731 178
Clay, Nicholas and Webster.
Qoefjo Rauk 2257 3779 43
Stuart F Reed Rep 19 414
8150 Sawyer .. 562 550 52
Ernest Randolph D2m 16 254
35101 Shawano ...... 1367 3415 131
4. Counties of Tyler, Pleasants, Wood. Wirt.
Jackson, Roane. Mason. Putnam and Cabell.
S H Bowman, Dem 22,855
58204 Sheboygan 3885 5562 983
15378 Taylor 845 Io44 135
22928 Trempealeau ... 1578 2138
28116 Vernon 1830 2912 49
Harry C. Woodyard, Rep 19,679
6813 Vilas 467 531 82
°9874 Walworth 2440 3988 58
o. v./ounties uivv a. ne, .Lincoln, J.YLIIJ&O, j-jOban,
10147 Wa=hburn 644 938 78
Monroe.
W W. McNeal Dem 16368
23936 Washington ... 2732 2892 76
38464 Waukesha 4192 3768 151
Wells Goodykoontz, Rep 19,304
(J. Counties of Kanawha. Boone, Raleigh, Fay-
ette, Greenbrier and Pocahontas.
21012 Waushara lOlo 7o
64956 Winnebag-o 5242 5923 406
34026 Wood 2625 2954 200
L. S. Echols, Rep 19.851
Militia vote 1090 1087
Adam B. Littlepage, Dem 18.018
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 20 42 62
Total . ...193042 221323 27802
I^ILS :::.v.: ^.m *&*$k 6.19
Total vote 449333
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK
343
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
7.168 votes.
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
164.228 votes: Chafin. Pro., 8.586; Taft. Rep..
130.695; Debs. Soc., 33.481: Roosevelt. Pros.,
62.460: Reimer. Soc.-Lab.. 522.
Fcr United State* Senator, 1918.
April 2. to fill vacancy.
Irvine L. Lenroot, Rep 163,983
Joseph B. Davies. Dem 148,923
Victor Berger, Soc 110,487
A. J. Benjamin, Pro 233
For Representatives in Congress. 1918.
1. Counties of Kenosha. Racine, Rock, Walworth
and Waukesha.
Calvin. Stewart, Dem 6,295
Clifford B. Randall. Rep 11.418
Samuel B. Walkup, Soc 3,197
Henry Allen Cooper. Ind 10.245
». Counties of Columbia. Dodge. Jefferson. Ozau-
kee. Sheboygan and Washington.
John Clifford, Dem 12,532
Edward B. Voigt, Rep 15.289
Oscar Ameringer, Soc 6,936
8. Counties of Crawford. Dane, Grant, Green,
Iowa. Lafayette and Richland.
James G. Monahan, Rep 18,398
Ernest N. Warner. Ind 4,o97
Edward J. Reynolds. Ind 2.232
4. The 3d. 4th. 5th. 8th. llth. 12th. 14th. 16th. 17th.
23d and 24th wards of the city of Milwaukee,
towns of Wauwatoga. Greenfield. Franklin. Oak
Creek and Lake; village of West Milwaukee
and cities of West Allis. South Milwaukee.
Cudahy and Wauwatosa, all in Milwaukee
county.
John G. Klecaka. Rep 16,524
Edmund Meliiis. Soc 11,890
B. The 1st, 2d. 6th. 7th. 9th. 10th. 13th. 15th.
18th. 19th. 20th. 21at. 22d and 25th wards of
the city of Milwaukee ; towns of Granville and
Milwaukee, and villages of North Milwaukee.
East Milwaukee and Whitefish Bay.
Joseph P. Carney, Dem 12,450
William H. Stafford, Rep 10.678
Victor L. Berger, Soc 17.920
I. Counties of Calumet. Fond du Lnc, Grern
Lake. Manitowoc, Marquette and Winnebago.
To fill vacancy—
Bondeul A. Husting. Dem 10.621
Florlan Lampert. Rep 12,363
G. H. Thompson, Boc 7,009
General election —
Bondeul A. Busting. Dem 10,856
Byron E. Van Keuren, Pro 318
Florian Lampert. Rep 12.723
G. H. Thompson. Soc 6,737
7. Counties of Adams. Clark. Jackson, Juneau,
LaOrosse. Monroe. Sank and Vernon.
Arthur A. Bentley. Dem 6.109
Oliver Needham. Pro 501
John J. Esch. Rep 16.140
I. Counties of Marathon. Portage, Shawano,
Waupaca. Waushara and Wood.
John W. Brown. Dem 6,862
Edward E. Browne. Rep 13755
Leo Kraycki, Soc 5.904
t. Counties of Brown. Door. Florence, Forest.
Kewaunee. Langlade. Marinette. Oconto and
Outagamie.
Andrew R. McDonald. Dem 10.702
David G. Classon, Rep 16,352
10. Counties of Barron, Buffalo, Chippewa. Dunn,
«au Claire, Pepin, Pierce. St. Croix and Trem-
pealeau.
James A. Prear, Rep 16.900
William H. Frawley, Ind 1,814
11. Counties or Ashland, Bayfield, Burnett,
Douglas, Iron. Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price,
Rusk, Sawyer. Taylor, Vilas und Washburn.
To fill vacancy —
Adolphus P. Nelson, Rep 15.769
J. P. Jenson. Soc 168
General election —
Adolphus P. Nelson, Bep 16,418
John P. Jenson, Soc 2.97«
Legislature. Scnate.House. J.B.
Republicans 27 77 104
Democrats 2 6 7
Socialists 4 17 21
State Officers . (All republicans.)
Governor — Emanr.el L. PhJlipp.
Lieutenant-Governor — Edward F. Dithmar.
Secretary of State— Merlin Hull.
State Treasurer — Henry Johnson.
Attorney-General — John J. Elaine.
Superintendent of Schools — Charles P. Cary.
WYOMING (Population, *1915, 141,705).
Counties. ^-President 1916->
population (21) Rep. Dem. Soc.
in i\ilb. Hath"!.
8194 Albany 1313
6815 Biff Horn 123£
2316 Campbell 44f
8412 Carbon 121r,
3626 Converse 766
E117 Crook 848
633 Fremont 1407
5035 Goshen 770
3191 Hot Springs 623
3238 Johnson 814=
14631 Laramio 2428
13581 Lincoln 1426
5398 Natrona 912
3488 Niobrara 533
3473 Park 1093
5277 Platte 808
15429 Sheridan 1914
10642 Sweetwater 1287 1
6031 Uinta 822
1744 Washak e 344
4414 Weston 791
519 Yellowstone Nat. pk.
(part) —
1295
455
734
Total 21698 28316 1453
Plurality 6618
Per cent 41.66 54.62 2.8
Total votp 51840
•State census 1915; no estimate made.
For president in 1912 Taft, R«p., received
14.560 votes; Wilson, Dem.. 15,310; Roosevelt,
Prog., 9,232. and Debs, Soc.. 2.760.
For president in 1916 Hanly. Pro., received
373 votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Francis E. W-irren. Rep 23.975
John E. Osborne, Dem 17,528
For Representative in Congress. 1918.
Frank W. Mondell. Rep 26.244
Ilayden M. White. Dem 14.639
For Governor, 1918.
Robert D. Carey. Rep 23.725
Frank L. Houx. Dem 18.640
Legislature. Senate.Honse. J.B.
Republicans 17 43 W
Democrats 10 11 21
State Officers.
Governor— Robert D. Carey. Rep.
Secretary of State— W. E. Chaplin. Rep.
Treasurer— A. D. Hoskins. Rep.
Auditor — I. C. Jefferis. Rep.
Supt. Public Instruction— Katherine Morton.
Rep.
Attorney-General— W. L. Walls. Rep.
344
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
RAILROADS OF THE UNITED STATES.
OPERATING STATISTICS OF PRINCIPAL SYSTEMS.
Calendar year 1918.
Mileage Operating Operating
operated, revenues. expenses. Taxes.
Operating
income.
Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe
Atlantic Coast Line
4,820
56.992,329
42,663,304
2,495.000
11,827.096
Baltimore & Ohio
Bangor & Aroostook
4,997
632
7.258
174.191.448
4.863,223
69,911.393
160,592.180
4.239,517
64,430,772
4.784.146
213,418
2,190.399
8.795,392
410,066
3.290.098
Central of New Jersey
Chesapeake & Ohio Lines
684
2.479
44,790,671
73.720,797
36.369.271
54,143.002
1,899,983
1,920.000
6.516.526
17.654,994
Chicago & Alton
Chicago & Eastern Illinois
Chicago & Northwestern
1.050
1.131
8.090
9,373
24.358,662
26,753,092
127,295,079
144.172.769
20,677.429
24,085.560
109,498,572
112.067,616
713.002
940,350
5.497.481
6.511,594
2.965,623
1.723,130
12.272,957
26.577.201
Chicago Great Western
1.496
19,116,925
17.783,098
671,092
657.671
Chicago. Indianapolis & Louisville.
Chicago Milwaukee & St. Paul
657
10,302
11.017.274
132\894,455
9,241,784
121,196.105
391.453
6,185,936
1,333,253
467.774
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific
Chicago St Paul.Minneapolis. Omaha
7.794
1,749
99,869.557
24,829.981
86.098,574
20.884.199
4,302,863
1,288.404
9.458,589
2,651,913
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St.L.
2.392
71.403,970
51.895.289
3,538,917
15.962.011
Colorado & Southern
1.100
12,955,827
9.376.990
564.000
3,013.803
Delaware & Hudson Co
Delaware. Lackawanna & Western...
902
955
34.789,864
68.740.076
31.353.784
49.925,685
848.987
2.941.212
2,585.426
15.853.90S
2,611
31.357.214
25,293,475
1.197.000
4.858.526
Duluth Messabe & Northern
411
21,545,271
7,957,433
1,339.765
12,248,073
Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic
601
4.824.187
4.263.021
223.923
337,209
Elgin Joliet & Eastern
806
20.685,049
14.785.277
599.057
5.300.713
El Paso & Southwestern Co
1,028
14.790,468
8.629.020
1.210,901
4,950,259
Erie
1,989
87,855,461
87,663.773
2.331.677
•2.147.226
Florida East Coast
764
8.841.222
6,742.703
420.396
1.676.243
Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio
1,371
21,273.847
14.986.130
622.288
6,659,579
Grand Rapids & Indiana
569
7,207.727
6,474,945
273.782
458,671
Grand Trunk Western
1.017
19.376.033
17.240.052
601.682
1.530,188
Great Northern
8,258
100,661,067
84.389.570
6.626,103
10,639,228
Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe
1.934
18,885,098
14.829,929
853.696
3.196.933
Hocking- Valley
349
13,155,861
10,448,792
483.590
2,223.365
Houston & Texas Central
928
9,041.981
6,397.911
406,118
2.236,113
Illinois Central
4,778
107,320,261
90.184.411
6.036.610
12.085.072
International & Great Northern
1.159
13,476,888
11.643.003
396,000
1,441.843
Kansas City Southern
Lake Erie & Western
774
900
15,250,406
9,343,905
11.525.000
8,440.012
694,447
340.066
3,028,667
562.339
Lehigh Valley
1,442
65,586.769
57.346.025
1.874.237
6.364.383
Long Island
398
22.213,444
16,717,484
1.069.859
4.422.788
Los Angeles & Salt Lake
Louisville & Nashville
1,167
5,023
14,517.378
101.392,792
10.871.687
79,556.970.
717.990
3,322.221
2.926,058
18,500.668
Maine Central
1.216
16.415,178
16,029,745
803.928
•418.773
Michigan Central
1.861
68,520.087
51.070.072
1.899.790
15,542.761
Minneapolis & St. Louis
1,646
12,028.300
11.371.096
648,298
5.173
Minneapolis, St. P. & Sault Ste. Marie
4.239
85,930,293
29.690.608
2,185.260
4.054.092
Missouri Pacific
7,221
89,612.397
73.231,738
3.144.291
13.218.384
Mobile & Ohio
1,096
14.840,901
14,131,172
525.234
182.246
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis.
1.239
21,757.403
17,623.564
399.730
3.732.570
New York Central
6,079
294,691.313
232.403,705
11,964,360
60,299,060
New York. Chicago & St. Louis
572
22,656.381
17,489.757
647,530
4.518.937
New York. New Haven & Hartford
1,992
102.294,312
87.746,523
13.216.375
11,315.322
New York. Ontario & Western
567
10,895.005
9.974.524
297.124
621,908
Norfolk & Western
2.083
82,004.034
61,579,297
2.904.000
17.510.838
Northern Pacific
6,584
102.908.259
71.516,302
6.499.718
24,586,629
Northwestern Pacific
507
5.702,398
3,973.768
263.477
1.465.119
Oregon Short Line
Oregon-Washington R. R. & Nav. Co.
2.326
2,066
34.136.854
26,264.957
21,609.487
19.717.609
2.025.043
1.512.046
10.496,119
5,033,013
Pennsylvania company
Pennsylvania railroad
1.754
5.403
95,530.322
367,414,695
86.550.257 3,480,625
353.624.524 10.611.131
5,498,652
23,149.178
Pere Marquette
2.238
28.955.012
23.315.552
697.135
4,940,823
Philadelphia & Reading...
1,126
80.769,564
65.889,372
1,718.737
13.161.126
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie...
224
32.992,272
22.365.184
884.277
9.742,766
Pittsburgh. Cincinnati. Chi. & St. L.
2.394
87,224,888
79.131.535
2,879.068
5.211,211
St. Louis-San Francisco
4,761
69,812,604
55.251.965
2,735.673
11,801,893
St. Louis Southwestern
968
13.035.153
8,890,788
519.409
3,623,198
Seaboard
3.561
38.923.106
33.346,793
1,469.435
4.096.959
Southern
0.982
126.574.297
91.810.425
3.472.144
30,976.625
Southern Pacific
7.049
153.948.642
113.652.898
7,127,320
33,127.096
Texas & Pacific
1.946
27.294,833
21.900.380
1.086.634
4,301.253
Union Pacific
3.624
98.443.365
59,877.810
3,446.321
35,114,379
Western Maryland
2.591
707
48.246411
15,402.35?.
40.124.609
15,526,447
1.328.591
518.400
6.790.910
•642,929
Western Pacific
Wheeling & Lake Erie . .
Yazoo & Mississippi Valley...
*LOS8.
1,011
511
1.382
11,065,963
13.592.172
22,477,009
7,891.618
11.265,852
16.731,537
600.876
662.017
812.300
2,571,610
1.663,663
4.930,718
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
345
NET OPERATING INCOME IN
The "standard return" is approximately the
average net operating- income for the three
years ending- June 30, 1917, used as the basis
for the rentals to be paid by the government
for the use of the railway property. Accord-
ing to a table compiled by the bureau of rail-
way economics, comparing- the net operating-
income for 1918 with the standard return,
119 railroads out of a list of 184 Class 1
roads under federal control earned less than
the amount of their standard return, while
sixty-five roads earned net operating- income
greater than their standard return and so con-
tributed some $80. 000,000 toward making- up
the deficiency in meeting: the standard return
of the other roads, although the net result
1918 AND STANDARD RETURN,
was a deficiency for all Class 1 roada of $202.-
135,602 as compared with the standard return
for those roads of $890,335,685.
First Six Months of 1919.
In the first six months of 1919 the Class 1
railroads under feduial control earned 39. d per
cent of their standard return as compared with
38.4 per cent during1 the first half of 1918.
The net federal income for the six months was
S156.827.416. as compared with 5151.319.830
in the first half of 1918 and as compared with
the standard return for this period of $393.-
975,779. The central western region came
nearer earning1 its standard return than the
others, but its percentag-e was only 63.1.
RAILROAD REVENUES AND EXPENSES.
[From report of interstate commerce commission for calendar years 1917 and 1918 and
first six months of 1919.3
1918.
1917.
•1919.
Average number of miles operated
234.022.91
232.694.53
233.558.05
Revenues— Freight
Passenger
83.450.094.040
1.031.229.266
S2.834.119.707
827,216,574
$1,613,365,4:135
642.809.826
Mail
53.502.591
58,793.643
25.790.449
Express
126.059.306
106,924.818
52.815.186
All other transportation
124.157.423
115.344.764
57,998.562
Incidental
124.033.427
105.288.617
61.631.485
Joint facility — Cr
6.014.508
4.384.489
3.267.367
Joint facility— Dr
1.760,957
1.609,033
993.010
4.913.319.604
4.050,463.579
2.356.685.330
Expenses — Maintenance of way and structures
653.868,469
445.735.253
370.823J|55
Maintenance of equipment
1.108.030.396
690.826,898
572.951.370
Traffic
48.702.051
65.099,358
22.447.290
Transportation
2.051.193.850
1,534.221.310
1.043.210.690
39.107.149
34.008.525
22,712.035
General
112,048.965
96.876.352
61.427.854
6.056,118
8.555.486
3.026.290
Operating- expenses
4.006.894,763
2.858.212.210
2.090.546.274
Net revenue
Railway tax accruals (excluding- '"war taxes.")
906.424,842
186.652.095
1.192.251.369
182,778.423
266.139.05&
91.663.514
Uncollectible railway revenues
613.206
697.093
369.021
Operating- income
719.159.540
1.008.775.853
174.106,521
Equipment rents (Dr. Bal.)
15.080.404
20.322.069
9,600.353
Joint facility rents (Dr. Bal.)
13.660.358
13.674.847
7.157,499
Ratio of operating- expenses to operating
81.55
70.57
88.71
•First six months.
ELECTRIC RAILROADS IN THE UNITED STATES (1918).
fl
7
2
8
9
16
5
State. Comp's.
Alabama 15
Arizona 4
Arkansas 10
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois 70
Indiana 41
Iowa 24
Kansas 17
Kentucky 10
Louisiana 11
Maine 16
Maryland 12
Massachusetts 39
Michigan 26
Minnesota 14
Mississippi 11
Missouri 22
Montana 9
Nebraska 6
Miles.
365
54
122
3.313
494
1,608
153
425
191
499
185
3.757
2.463
885
546
535
685
3.227
1,736
737
120
1,137
663
253
Comp's. Miles..
248
State.
Nevada 2
New Hampshire 14
New Jersey . 29 1,595-
New Mexico 2 11
New York ...105 5.633
North Carolina 12 285
North Dakota 4 2T
Ohio 72 4.254
Oklahoma 16 312
Oregon 10 682
Pennsylvania 122 4,74ft
Rhode Island 3 428
South Carolina 6 129
South Dakota 3 25
Tennessee 14 482
Texas 34 1.001
Utah 5 453
Vermont 10 12S
Virginia 13 581
Washington 20 1,069
West Virginia 21 652
Wisconsin 18 763
Wyoming 2 22>
Total 991 48.484
CRUDE PETROLEUM PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES.
Gallons. I Year. Gallons. I Year. Gallons. I Year. Gallons.
9.328.755.156 1914 .11,162.026,470 1916 .12.632.220,636
9.258.874.42211913 .10.434.741,660 1 1315 .11.806,372,36811917 .^4.083.255,242
>
1910ar'. 8,801.354,016 I 1912 .
1911
346
ALMANAC AiND YEAR-BOOK FOR 19~>0.
CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. Philadelphia. Pa... John J. McCort (auxiliary)
Apostolic Delegate— Most Reverend John Bon- I Pittsburgh, Pa J. F. Reg-is Canevin
zano. D. D.
Cardinals — James Gibbons. Baltimore, Md.;
William H. O'Connell, Boston, Mass.
Archdiocese. Archbishops. Name.
Chicago. Ill George W. Mundelein
Cincinnati. O Henry Moeller
Dubuque, Iowa James J. Keane
Manila. P. I Michael J. O'Doherty
Milwaukee. Wis Sebastian G. Messmer
New Orleans, La John W. Shaw
New York. N. Y Patrick J. Hayes
Oregon City. Ore Alexander Christie
Philadelphia, Pa Denis J. Dougherty
St. Louis. Mo John Joseph Glennon
St. Paul, Minn Austin Dowling
San Francisco, Cal Edward J. Hnnna
Santa Fe. N. M John Baptist Pitaval
Diocese
Bishops.
Name.
Albany, N. Y Edmund F Gibbons
Alexandria, La Cornelius Van de Ven
Alton. Ill James Ryan
Altoona. Pa Eugene A. Garvey
Baker City, Ore Joseph F. McGrath
Baltimore. Md...Owen B. Corrig-an (auxiliary)
Belleville. Ill Henry Althoff
Bismarck, N. D Vincent Wehrle
Boise, Idaho Daniel M. Gorman
Boston, Mass.. .Joseph G. Anderson (auxiliary)
Brooklyn, N. Y Charles E. McDonnell
Buffalo, N. Y William Turner
Burlington, Vt Joseph J. Rice
Charleston. S. C William T. Russell
Cheyenne, Wyo Patrick A. McGovern
Chicago. HI Alexander J. McGavick
Cleveland. O John P. Farrelly
Columbus. O James J. Hartley
Concordia, Kas John F. Cunningham
Corpus Christi, Tex Paul Joseph Nussbaum
Covington, Ky Ferdinand Brossart
Crookston. Minn Timothy Corbett
Dallas. Tex Joseph Patrick Lynch
Davenport. Iowa J-^mes Davis
Denver. Col J. Henry Tihen
Des Moines, Iowa Thomas W. Drumm
Detroit. Mich Michael J. Gallagher
Duluth. Minn John T. MoNicholas
El Paso, Tex Anthony J. Schuler
Erie. Pa J. E. Fitz Maurice
Fall River, Mass Daniel F. Feehan
Fargo. N. D James O'Reilly
Fort Wayne, Ind Herman J. Alerding
Galveston, Tex Christopher E. Byrne
Grand Island. Neb James Albert Duffy
Grand Rapids, Mich Edward D. Kelly
Great Falls. Mont Mathias C. Lenihan
Green Bay, Wis Paul P. Rhode
Harrisburg. Pa Philip R. McD-^vitt
Hartford. Conn John Joseph Nilan
Hawaiian islands Libert H. Boeynaems
Helena, Mont John P. Carroll
Indianapolis, Ind Joseph Chartrand
Kansas City. Mo Thomas F. Lillis
La Crosse. Wis James Schwabach
Lafayette. Ind Jules B. Jeanmard
Lead. S. D John J. Lawler
Leavenworth, Kas John Ward
Lincoln. -Neb Charles J. O'Reilly
Little Rock. Ark John B. Morris
Louisville, Ky Denis O'Donaghue
Manchester, N. H George Albert Guertin
Marquette, Mich Frederick Eis
Mobile, Ala Edward P. Allen
Monterey-Los Angeles, Calif. ..John J. Cantwell
Nashville, Tenn Thomas Sebastian Byrne
Natchez. Miss John Edward Gunn
Newark, N. J John J. O'Connor
New Orleans. La J. M. Laval' (auxiliary)
Ogdensburg, N. Y Henry Gabriels
Oklahoma Theophile Meerschaert
Omaha, Neb Jeremiah J. Harty
Peoria, HI Edward Michael Dunne
Portland. Me.. '.'.'.'. ".".Y.Y.V.V. .'. . .Louis S. Walsh
Porto Rico. William A. Jones
Providence. A R. I Matthew Harkina
Richmond, Va Denis Joseph O*Connell
Rochester, N. Y Thomas F. Hickey
Rockford, 111 Peter James Muldoou
Sacramento, CW Thomas Grace
St. Augustine. JFla Michael J. Curley
St. Cloud, Minn Joseph F. Busch
St. Joseph, Mo Maurice F. Burko
Salt Lake City, Utah Joseph S. Glass
San Antonio, Tex Arthur Drossaerts
Savannah. Ga Benjamiu J. Keiley
Scranton. Pa Michael John Hoban
Seattle, Wash Edward John O'Dea
Sioux City. Iowa (Vacancy)
Sioux Falls. S. D Thomas O'Gorman
Spokane, Wash Augustine F. Schinner
Springfield. Mass Thomas D. Beaven
Superior. Wis Joseph M. Koudelka
Syracuse. N. Y John Grimes
Toledo, O . Joseph Schremba
Trenton, N . J ..-. Thomas J. Walsh
Tucson. Ariz Henry Granjon
Wheeling, W. Va Patrick James Donahue
Wichita. Kas John J. Hennessy
Wilmington, Del John J. Monaghan
Winona, Minn Patrick R. Heffron
Catholic Church Statistics.
[From the Official Catholic Directory for
1919.]
Figures are for the United States.
Cardinals— 2.
Archbishops — 14.
Bishops— 97.
Secular clergy —
15.052.
Religious clergy—
5,536.
Total clergy— 20.588.
Churches with resi-
dent priests —
10.460.
Missions with church*
es— 5.537.
Total churches-
Seminaries— 110.
Students— 7,865.
Colleges for boys—
215.
Academies for girls—
674.
Parishes with schools
—5,788.
Children attending —
1.633.599.
Orphan Asylums — 294.
Orphans — 46.069.
Homes for aged — 116.
Catholic population of
U. S.— 17.549.324.
15,997.
Pope and College of Cardinals.
Pope — Benedict XV.. born Nov. 21. 1854:
elected 1914.
Papal Secretary — Cardinal Pietro Gasparri.
Cardinal bishops. Created cardinal.
Vannutelli. Vincent, b. Dec. 5. 1836 1889
De Lai Cajetan, b. July 26. 1853 1907
Vico. Antonio, b. Jan. 9. 1847 1911
Granito, Pignatelli di Gennaro. b. 1851... 1911
Pompili. Basilius, b. April 16, 1858 1911
Cardinal priests.
Almaraz y Santos, Enriquez, b. Sept. 22,
1847 1911
Amette, Leone .Adolfo, b.
t. 6. 1850. .1911
Andrieu, Paul Pierre, V.' Dec.1 '8?' 1849... .1907
Ascalesi, Alexius, b. Feb. 15. 1859 1916
Bacilieri. Bartholomew, b. March 27.1842.1901
Begin, Louis N.. b. Jan. 10. 1840 1914
Boggiani. Thomas P.. b. 1863 1916
Boschi. Julius, b. March 2, 1838 1901
Bourne. Francis, b. March 23. 1861 1911
Cabrieres. Francis M. D. de, b. Aug. 30.
1830 191J
Cagiano de Azevedo. Ottavius, b. Nov. 7.
1845 1905
Cagliero. John. b. 1838 1915
Cavalcanti, Joachim A. de A., b. Jan. 17,
1850 1905
Cos y Machio, Giuseppe, b. Aug. 6. 1838.1911
Csernoch, John. b. Jan. 18, 1852 1914
Doubourg. Augustus, b. 1842 1916
Dubois. Louis Ernest, b. 1856 1916
Ferrari. Andrew, b. Ausr. 18. 1850 1894
Francisca-Nava di Bontife. J., b. July 23.
1899
ALMANAC AiND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
347
Fruhwirth. Andrew, b. 1845 1915
Gasparri. Peter, b. May 5. 1852 1907
Gibbons. James, b. July 23. 1834 1895
Guiasola y Meridez, V., b. Apr. 21. 1852 . 1914
Gusmini. George, b. 1855 191
Hartmann. Felix de. b. Dec. 15, 1851.... 1914
Herrera. Joseph M. M.. b. Aug. 26. 1835.1897
La Fontaine. Peter, b. 1860 1916
Logue. Michael, b. Oct. 1. 1840 1893
Lualdi. Alexander, b. Aug. 12. 1858 1907
Lucon. Louis Henry, b. Oct. 28, 1842 190
Maffl. Peter, b. Oct. 12. 1858 190
Maurin, Louis J.. b. 1859 1916
Mendes. Bello Anthony, b. Aug. 25. 1842.1907
Mercier. Desideratus. b. Nov. 21. 1851... 1907
Merry del Val. Raphael, b. Oct. 10, 1865 . :
Mistrangelo, Alphonsus. b. 1852 1915
Netto. Joseph Sebastian, b. Feb. 8. 1841.1884
O'Connell. William H.. b. Dec. 8. 1859... 1911
Piffl, Frederick G.. b. Oct. 15, 1864 1914
Frisco. Joseph, b. Sept. 18. 1836 1896
Ranuzzi de Blanchi. V. A., b. 1857 1916
Richelmy. Augustinus. b. Nov. 29. 1850. .1899
Rinaldini. Aristides, b. Feb. 5, 1844 1907
Sbarretti. Donatus. b. 1856 1916
Scapinelli di Leguigno. Raphael, b. 1858.1915
fkrbensky. Leo de. b. June 12, 1863.'... .1901
onti. Julius, b. 1844 1915
Van Rossum. William, b. Sept. 3, 1854.. 1911
Cardinal deacons.
Billot. Louis, b. Jan. 22. 1846 1911
Bisleti. Cajetan. b. March 20, 1856 1911
Gasquet. Francis A., b. Oct. 5. 1846 1914
Giorgi. Orestes, b. May 19. 1856 1916
Giustini, Philipp. b. May 8. 1852 1914
Lega. Michael, b. Jan. 1. 1860 1914
Marini. Nicholas, b. Aug. 20. 1843 1916
Catholic Educational Association.
Honorary President— James Cardinal Gibbons.
Baltimore. Md.
President-General— The Rt.-Rev. Thomas J.
Shahan. D. D.. Washington, D. C.
Vice-presidents-General— Very Rev. E. A. Pacfl.
D. D.. Washington. D. C.: Rt. Rev. Msgr.
John B. Peterson. Ph.D.. Boston, Mass.: Rev.
P. C. Yorke. D. D.. San Francisco, Cal.
Secretary-General— The Rev. Francis W. How-
ard. LL. D., 1651 East Main street, Colum-
bua. O.
Treasurer-General— The Rev. Francis T. Moran.
D. D.. Cleveland, O.
Office of Association— 1651 East Main street,
Columbus. O.
The Catholic Church Extension Society cf the
United States of America.
750 McCormick building. Chicago. HI.
Chancellor Board of Governors — The Most Rev-
erend George W. Mundeleih. D. D.. Arch-
bishop of Chicago.
Vice-Chancellor Board of Governors — The Most
Reverend S. G. Messmer, D. D.. D. C.- L..
Archbishop of Milwaukee.
President— The Rt.-Rev. Msgr. Francis C.
Kelley. D. D.. LL. D.
Vice-President and General Secretary— The Rt.-
Rev. Msgr. E. B. Ledvina.
Vice-President and Director Child Apostles and
Order of Martha— The Rev. W. D. O'Brien.
Vice-President and General Counsel— Joseph D.
Daly.
Treasurer— John A. Lynch.
Recording Secretary Board of Governors— War-
ren A. Cartier.
Superintendent Chapel Cars — George C. Hennes-
sey.
Executive Committee— The Most Reverend
George W. Mundelein. D. D.: the Rt.-Rev.
Ms*-. Francis C. Kelley, D. D.. LL. D.: Leo
J. Doyle. Richmond Dean, Warren A. Car-
tier. Edward F. Carry.
Board of Auditors— The Rev. R. F. Flynn. the
Department— Brooks building-. Chi-
Rev. F.
Scotten.
. . . .
J. O'Reilly. J. J. Fleming. S. C.
Extension Magazine.
The official organ of the Catholic Church
Extension Society of the United States ol
Editorial
cago.
; ?re l"-'11^- MsfiT' Francis C. Kelley.
*-f. j->.. LL. D.
Associate Editor— Rev. William D. O'Brien.
Managing Editor— Simon A. BalJus.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Residences and Assignment of Bishops.
Atlanta. Ga.— Frederick D. Leete.
Buenos Aires. S. A.— William P. Oldham.
Buffalo. N. Y.— William Burt.
Chattanooga. Tenn.— Frank M. Bristol.
Chicago. HI.— Thomas Nicholson.
Cincinnati. O.— William F. Anderson.
Denver. Col.— Francis J. McConnell.
Detroit. Mich.— Theodore S. Henderson.
Shanghai. Chinr— Wilson S. Lewis.
Helena. Mont.— Richard J. Cooke.
Maiden, Mass.— Edwin H. Hughes.
New Orleana. La.— Wilbur P. ThirkieM.
New York. N. Y.— Luther B. Wilson.
Omaha. Neb. — Homer C. Stuntz.
Philadelphia. Pa.— Joseph F. Berry.
Portland. Ore.— Matthew S. Hughes.
St. Louis. Mo.— William A. Quayle.
St. Paul. Minn.— Charles B. Mitchell.
San Francisco. Cal.— Adna W. Leonard.
Seoul. Korea— Herbert Welch.
Washington. D. C. — William F McDowell
Wichita. Kas.— William O. Shepard.
Zurich. Switzerland— John L Nuelson.
Tokyo, Japan— Merriman C. Harris.
Missionary Bishops.
Vfeadville. Pa.— James M. Thoburn (retired)
Cincinnati. O.— Joseph C. Hartzell (retired),
420 Plum street,
ucknow, India— Frank W. Warne
Nashville. Tenn.— Isaiah B. Scott (retired) . 126
14th avenue.
Seoul. Korea— Merriman C. Harris (retired),
bangalore. India— John W. Robinson.
Monrovia. Liberia — Alexnndor P. Camphor
Umtali, Rhodesia, So. Africa— Eben S. Johnson.
Corresponding Secretaries— Elected bv th*
General Conference.
Board of Foreign Missions — S. Earl Taylor-
Frank Mason North, 150 6th avenue. New
York. N. Y.
Board of Home Missions and Church Exten-
sion—D. D. Forsyth. 17th and Arch streets,
Philadelphia. Pa.
Treedman's Aid Society — Patrick J. Maveety.
I. Garland Penn. 420 Plum street. Cincin-
nati. O.
Board of Education— A. W. Harri». 150 5th
avenue. New York. N. Y.
Board of Sunday Schools— Edgar Blake, 58
East Washington street. Chicago. 111.
Board of Conference Claimants— Joseph "B.
Hingeley 820 Garland building. Chicago. Ill,
Epworth League. General Secrpt->.ry— Charles E.
Guthrie, 740 Rush street. Chicago, 111.
Board of Temperance. Prohibition and Public
Morals — Clarence Tru« Wilson. 204 Pennsyl-
vania avenue. S. E.. Washington, D. C.
General Deaconess Board — Daniel W. Howell.
675 Ellicott square. Buffalo. N. Y.
Commission on Finance— Joseph W. Van
740 Rush street. Chicago. 111.
Epworth League.
Organized at Cleveland. O.. May 15. 1889.
President— Bishop A. W. Leonard. San Fran-
cisco. Cal.
General Secretary— Charles E. Guthrie. 740
Rush street. Chicago. HI.
German Assistant Secretary— Rev. A. C. Bucher,
420 Plum street, Cincinnati, O.
548
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Assistant Secretary for Colored Conferences-
Rev. W. W. Lucas, Meridian, Miss.
Editor Epworth Herald— Rev. Dan B. Brum-
mitt. D. D., 740 Rush street. Chicago. 111.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH.
Bishops.
Eugene R. Hendrix, Kansas City, Mo.
Joseph S. Key, Sherman. Tex.
Warren A. Candler. Atlanta. Ga.
Henry C. Morrison. Leesburgr. Fla.
Jamea Atkins. Waynesville, N. C.
Collins Denny. Richmond, Va.
John C. Kileo. Charlotte. N. C.
William B. Murrah. Memphis. Tenn.
W. R. Lambuth. Oakdale. Cal.
E. D. Mouzon. Dallas. Tex.
B. G. Waterhouse, Emory. Va.
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Presiding Bishop — D. S. Tuttle. Bishop of Missouri.
Diocese. Bishop and residence.
Alabama C. M. Beckwith, Montgomery
Alaska Peter Trimble Howe. Seattle. Wash.
Albany R. H. Nelson. Albany. N. Y.
Arizona J. W. Atwoocl. Phoenix
Arkansas James R. Winchester, Little Rock
Suffragan Edwin W. Saphore, Little Rock
Buff, for col. race, E. T. Demby, Keeling, Tenn.
Asheville Junius M. Homer. Asheville, N. C.
Atlanta Henry J. Mikell. Atlanta
Bethlehem B. Talbot, South Bethlehem, Pa.
California William F. Nichols. San Francisco
Central New York Charles T. Olnisted, Utica
Coadjutor Charles Fiske, Syracuse, N. Y.
Chicago C. P. Anderson, Chicago
Suffragan Sheldon M. Griswold. Chicago
Colorado Irving P. Johnson. Denver
Connecticut C. B. Brewster, Hartford
SufTragan..Edw. C. Acheson. Middletown, Conn.
Dallas A. C. Garrott. Dallas. Tex.
Coadjutor Harry T. Moore. Dallas
Delaware (Vacancy)
Duluth Jaunes D. Morrison, Duluth, Minn.
East Carolina.. Thos. C. Darst, Wilmington, N.(5.
Eastern Oklahoma. T.P.Thurston, Muskogee, Okla.
Eastern Oregon.Robert L.Paddock.Hood River.Ore.
Easton William F. Adams. Easton. Md.
Erie Rogers Israel, Erie, Pa.
Florida E. G. Weed. Jacksonville
Fond du Lac..R. H. Weller, Fond du Lac, Wis.
Georgia Frederick F. Reese. Savannah
Harrishurg....J. H. Darlington, Harrisborg. Pa.
Honolulu H. B. Restarick. Honolulu, H. I.
Idaho James B. Funsten, B >isa
Indianapolis J. M. Francis, Indianapolis
Iowa T. N. Morrison. Davenport
Coadjutor Harry S. Longloy. Dos Moinos
Kansas .Tamos Wise. Toppka
Kentucky Charles E. Woodcock. Louisville
Lexington L. W. Burton. Lexfngton, Ky.
Long Island F. Burgess. Garden City, L. I.
Los: Angeles J. H. Johnson, Pasadena. Cal.
Louisiana Davis Sessums, New Orleans
Maine Benjamin Brewster. Portland
Marquette (Vacancy)
Maryland John G. Murray Baltimore
Massachusetts William Lawrence, Boston
Suffragan Samuel G. Babcock, Boston
Michigan Charles D. Williams, Detroit
Michigan City....J. H. White, South Bend, Ind.
Milwaukee.. William W. Webb. Milwaukee, Wis.
Minnesota Frank A. McElwain. Minneapolis
Mississippi T. Du B. Brntton. Jackson
Missouri D. S. Tuttle. St. Louis
Coadjutor F. F. Johnson, St. Louis
Montana William F. Fnber. Helena
Nebraska Ernest Vincent Shayler. Omnha
Nevada George O. Hunting, Reno
Newark E. S. Lines. Newark. N. J.
Coadjutor.... Wilson R. Stearly. Newark. N. J.
New Hampshire — Edward M. Parker. Concord
Hew Jersey Paul Matthews. Trenton
New Mexico... F. B. Howden, Albuquerque, N. M.
New York Charles S. Burch. New York
Diocese. Bishop and residence.
North Carolina J. B. Cheshire. Raleigh
Suffragau ..Henry B. Delany, Raleigh
North Dakota J. P. Tyler. Fargo
North Texas E. A. Temple, Amarillo, Tex.
Ohio William A. Leonard. Cleveland
Coadjutor Frank Du Moulin. Toledo
Oklahoma (Vacancy)
Olympia F. W. Keator. Tacoma. Wash.
Oregon Walter T. Sumner, Portland
Pennsylvania. Philip M. Rhinelander, Philadelphia
Suffragan Thomas J. Garland. Philadelphia
Philippines G. F. Mosher
Pittsburgh C. Whitehead, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Porto Rico C. B. Colmore. San Juau
Quincy M. E. Fawcett. Quincy, 111.
Rhode Island J. De Wolfe Perry, Providence
Sacramento W. H. Morelaud, Sacramento
Salina (Vacancy)
San Joaquin L. C. Sanford, Fresno. CaL
South Carolina W. A. Guerry. Charleston
South Dakota Hugh L. Burleson. Sioux Falls
Suffragan William P. Remington
Southern Fiorida Cameron Mann, Orlando
Southern Ohio Boyd Vincent, Cincinnati
Coadjutor Theodore I. Reese. Columbus
Southern Virginia Beverly D. Tucker, Norfolk
Suffragan Arthur C. Thomson. Portsmouth
Spokane Herman Page, Spokane, Wash.
Springfleld.Granville H. Sherwood, Springfield. 111.
Tennessee Thomas F. Gailor, Memphis
Texas ...G. H. Kiusolving, Austin
Coadjutor Clinton S. Quin
Utah (In charge of bishop of W. Colorado)
Vermont A. C. A. Hall, Burlington
Coadjutor Geonre Y. Bliss. Burlington. Vt.
Virginia Robert A. Gibson. Richmond
Coadjutor William Cabell Brown. Richmond
Washington, D. C... Alfred Harding, Washington
Western Colorado F. Touret. Grand Junction
Western Massachusetts.. T. F. Davies. Worcester
West Missouri S. C. Partridge, Kansas City
Western Michlgan.J. N. McCormick, Grand Rapids
Western Nebraska G. A. Beecher, Hastings
Western N. Y Charles H. Brent. Buffalo
West Texns William T. Capers, San Antonio
West Virginia — William L. Gravatt. Charleston
Wyoming N. S. Thomas, Cheyenne
Foreign missions:
West Africa (Vacancy)
China (Shanghai) F. R. Graves, Shanghai
China (Anking) D. T. Huntington, Anking
China (Hankow) L. H. Roots. Hankow
Japan (Tokyo) John McKim. Tokyo
Japan (Kyoto) Henry St. G. Tucker, Kyoto
Cuba H. R. Hulse. Havanr
Haiti In charge of bishop of Porto Rico
South'n Brazil. L.L.Kinsolving. Porto Alcgre. Brazil
European churches— G. Mott Williams, bishop in
charge.
Mexico.. H. D. Aves. Guadalnlnra, Jal.. Mexico
Nondiocesan — Arthur S. Lloyd. Anson F
Graves. William M. Brown, William C. Gray.
A. W. Knitrht. L. H. Wells. J. S. Johnston.
E. W. Osborne, Paul Jones.
General Convention.
House of Bishops.
Chairman— Rt.- Rev. Thomas F. Gailor. Memphis.
Tenn.
Secretary — Rev. Samuel Hart, Middletown, Conn.
Assistant Secretary — George T. Nelson, New
York, N. Y.
House of Deputies.
President— Rev. Dr. Alexander Mann, Boston,
Mass.
Secretary — Rev. Henry Anstice. New York. N. Y.
Assistant Secretaries— Rev. C. M. Davis. St.
Louis. Mo.; Rev. W. C. Front. Herkimer, N.
Y. ; Rev. James G. Glass, Anniston, Ala.
BAPTIST DENOMINATION. •
Baptist World Alliance— President. Dr. Robert
S. MacArthur. New York. N. Y.: secretaries.
Rev. J. H. Shakespeare. London. England:
Rev. Dr. R. H. Pitt. Richmond. Va.
General Convention of Baptists of North Amer-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
349
ica— President. Hon. E. W. Stephens. Colum-
bia. Mo.: recording1 secretary. Prof. W. O.
Carver. Louisville. Ky.: corresponding- secre-
tary. Prof. Spencer W. Meeser, Chester. Pa
Northern Baptist Convention— President. D. C
Shull, Sioux City, Iowa: corresponding- sec-
retary. Rev. W. C. Bitting1. D. D.. St. Louis.
American Baptist Publication Society— Presi-
dent. W. G. Brimson, Chicag-o, 111.; secretary,
Gilbert N. Brink. D. D., 1701 Chestnut street.
Philadelphia. Pa.
American Baptist Historical Society— President
Spenser B. Meeser. D. D., Upland. Pa.; sec-
retary, John W. Lyell, D. D., Camden, N. J.
American Baptist Foreign Mission Society-
President. Thomas J. Villers, D. D., Detroit.
Mich.; home secretary. John Y. Aitchison;
associate secretary. William B. Lipphard:
foreign secretaries. James H. Franklin. D. D.;
Joseph C. Robbins, D. D.: candidate secre-
tary. Rev. P. H. J. Lerrig-o, M. D.: treas-
urer, Georg-e B. Huntington; address, Ford
building, Boston, Mass.
American Baptist Home Mission Society— Pres-
ident. Charles R. Brock, Denver. Col.: treas-
urer, Samuel Bryant. New York, N. Y.:
executive secretary. Charles L. White, 23 East
26th street. New York. N. Y.: headquarters
23 East 26th street. New York, N. Y.
Department of Missionary Education— Rev
John M. Moore, secretary, 23 East 26th
street. New York. N. Y.
Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission
Society — President, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery;
recording- secretary, Mrs. T. E. Adams, for-
eig-n department. Ford building, Boston,
Mass.: vice-presient, Mrs. Henry W. Pea-
body: honorary foreign secretary. Mrs. H.
G. Safford: foreign secretary, Mrs. N. G.
Prescott: treasurer. Miss A. E. Stedman.
Home administration department. 1433
Stevens building, Chicago. 111.: vice-presi-
dent, Mrs. Andrew MacLeish; secretary, Miss
Eleanor More.
Woman's American Baptist Home Mission So
ciety — President. Mrs. John Nuveen, 5312
Hyde Park boulevard. Chicago. 111.: execu-
tive secretary. Mrs. Katherine S. Westfall,
2969 Vernon avenue, Chicago, 111.; recording-
secretary, Mrs. S. C. Jennings, 1312 Oak
avenue, Evanston, 111.; treasurer. Mrs. Wash-
ington Laycock. 6437 Green street. Chicago,
Baptist Young1 People's Union of America —
President. Dr. D. J. Evans, Liberty, Mo.;
recording secretary, J. C. Dance, Fairmont,
Va.: general secretary. Dr. James Asa White,
125 North Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.
Baptist Board of Education— Chairman, Prof.
Ernest D. Burton. 5525 Woodlawn avenue.
Chicag-o, HI.; executive secretary. Rev. F.
W. Padelford. D. D.. 706 Ford building-,
Boston. Mass.
UNITARIAN CHURCH.
American Unitarian Association.
President— Samuel A. Eliot, D. D., LL. D.,
Boston, Mass.
Vice-Presidents—William Howard Taft. New
Haven, Conn.; Clarence E. Carr, Andover, N.
H.; George Soule, New Orleans, La.; Frank
H. Hiscock, Syracuse, N. Y.; John Laurence
Mauran, St. Louis, Mo.; Charles A. Lory,
Fort Collins, Col.; Milton L. Hersey, Mon-
treal, Canada; William H. Carruth, Palo
Alto, Cal.
Secretary— Louis C. Cornisli. 25 Beacon street,
Boston, Mass.
Assistant Secretary— W. Forbes Robertson, Ar-
lington, Mass.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA.
Moderator— John Willis Baer. LL. D.. Pasa-
Stated' Clerk— Rev. William H. Roberts. D. D.,
LL. D.. 515 Witherspoon building. 1319 Wal-
nut street. Philadelphia. Pa.
Permanent Clerk— Rsv. Edward L. Warren. .D.
D.. Louisville, Ky.
Assistant Clerk— Rev. James M. Hubbert, D. D.
Trustees.
President — George Stevenson, Philadelphia, Pa.
Corresponding- Secretary— Rev. Alexander
Henry, D. D.
Recording- Secretary— Harry Pringle Ford.
Treasurer — The Philadelphia Trust company.
Office— 1319 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Board of Home Missions.
President— Rev. Wilton Merle Smith. D. D.
General Secretary— Rev. John A. Marquis. D. D.
Secretaries — Rev. B. P. Fullerton, D. D.; Rev.
John McDowell. D. D.: Rev. W. R. King.
D. D.: W. R. Patterson. Ph. D.
Office— 156 5th avenue, New York, N. Y.
Board of Foreign Missions.
President— Rev. George Alexander. D. D.
Corresponding- Secretaries— Dr. Robert E. Speer.
Rev. Arthur J. Brown. D. D.: Rev. A. Wood-
ruff Halsey, D. D.: Rev. Stanley White, D. D.
Treasurer— Dwight H. Day.
Office— 156 5th avenue, (New York, N. Y.
Board of Education.
President— Rev. Charles Wadsworth, Jr., D. D..
Philadelphia. Pa.
Secretary— ( Vacancy. )
Treasurer — Edward R. Sterrett.
Office— 1319 Walnut street, Philadelphia. Pa.
Board of Publication and Sabbath, School
Work.
President— William H. Scott, Philadelphia. Pa.
Secretary — Rev. Harold McAfee Robinson, D. D.
Business Superintendent — Frank M. Braselman.
Editor— Rev. John T. Faris. D. D.
Superintendent of Missions-^John M. Somern-
dike.
Secretary Religious Education— Rev. Robert
W. Veach. D. D.
Manufacturer — Henry F. Scheetz.
Treasurer— M. S. Collingwood.
Office— 1319 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Chicago Office— 509 South Wabash avenue.
Board of Church Erection.
President— Rev. Ford C. Ottman. D. D.
Recording- Secretary— William K. Gilchrist.
General Secretary— Rev. David G. Wylie. D. D.
Field Secretary— Rev. Jesse C. Bruce. D. D.
Treasurer— Rev. George R. Brauer.
Office— 156 5th avenue. (New York. N. Y.
Board of Ministerial Relief and Sustentation.
President— Rev. George Francis Greene, D. D..
Cranford, N. J.
General Secretary — Rev. Henry B. Master.
Associate Secretary— Rev. Robert Hunter. D. D.
Treasurer — Rev. William W. Heberton. D. D.
Office— 1319 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Board of Missions for Freedmen.
President— Rev. Samuel J. Fisher, D. D., Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
General Secretary and Treasurer — Rev. John
M. Gaston. D. D.
Office— Bessemer building1. 6th, street. Pitts-
burgh. Pa.
College Board.
President— Rev. Edwin A. McAlpin. Jr.
Secretary— Rev. Robert Mackenzie. D. D., LL.D.
Associate Secretaries — Rev. Jam°s E. Clarke.
D. D.: Rev. Louia E. Holden. D. D.
Treasurer— Edward R. Sterrett.
Office— 156 5th avenue. 'New Yo-k. N. Y.
General Board of Education.
President— Rev. Hugh T. Kerr. D. D.
Vice-President—Thomas W. Synnott, Philadel-
phia. Pa.
General Secretary— Rev. Edfrar P. Hill. D. D.
Recording- Secretary— Rev. Robert W. Macken-
zie. D. D.. New York. N. Y.
Treasurer — Edward R. Sterrett.
Office— 156 5th avenue. -New York. N. Y.
350
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
The Board of Temperance.
President— Rev. Thomas Walters. D. D.
General Secretary— Prof . Charles Scanlon, LL. D.
Assistant Treasurer— A. M. Wycoff.
Office— Columbia Bank building-. Pittsburgh,
Pa.
New Era Magazine.
Continuing- the Assembly Herald.
Editor — James B. Wootan, 1201 Presbyterian
building-, 156 5th avenue. New York. N. Y.
Business Manager — Horace P. Camden. 1328
Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Pa.
Christian Life and Work.
Chairman— John Willis Baer. LL. D.
Secretary— Rev. William H. Roberts, D. D.,
Witherspoon building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Men's Work.
Chairman— Rev. John Timothy Stone, D. D.
Secretary— Rev. William F. Weir, D. D.
Treasurer— Robert R. Woods.
Office — 1245 Beall avenue, Wooster, O.
Presbyterian Historical Society.
President— Rev. Henry van Dyke. D. D.. LL. D.
.General Secretary— Rev. Joseph B. Burner.
Treasurer— J. Lewis Twaddell.
Honorary Librarian— Rev. Louis F. Benson,
D. D.
Library. Museum. Etc.— Witherspoon building1.
Philadelphia. Pa.
THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES.
American Congregational Association.
President— Arthur S. Johnson. Boston, Mass
Vice-Presidents—William F. Whittemore. Bos-
ton, Mass.; Peter C. Jones. Honolulu, H. I.
Secretary— Thomas Todd, Jr., Concord. Mass.
Treasurer— A. S. Lovett, Brookline, Mass.
Headquarters— Congregational House. Boston.
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions.
President— Prof. Edward C. Moore, D. D.
Treasurer— Frank H. Wig-grin.
Secretaries— Rev. James L. Barton, D. D.: Rev.
Cornelius H. Patton. D. D.: Rev. E. L..
Smith, D. D.
Editorial Secretary— Rev. W. E. Strong-, D. D.
District Secretaries— Rev. C. H. Patton, D. D.
(in charge), Boston, Mass.; Rev. E. L.
Smith. D. D. (in charge). New York. N. Y.:
Rev. A. N. Hitchcock. D. D., Chicago, II.;
Rev. H. H. Kelsey, D. D., Sen Francisco, Cal.
Headquarters— Congregational House, Boston.
American Missionary Association.
President— Nehemiah Boynton, D. D.
Treasurer — Irving C. Gaylord.
Secretary— Rev. George L. Cady, D. D.
Headquarters — 287 4th avenue. New York city.
District Secretaries — Rev. George H. Gutterson,
D. D., Congregational House, Boston. Mass.;
Rev. Frank Newhall Whito. D. D., 19 South
LaSalle street. Chicago, 111.; R«v. G-o-ge W.
Hinman, 21 Brenham place, San Francisco.
• Sunday School Extension Society.
President— Rev. Rockwell Harmon Pother. D. D.
General Secretary— Rev. C. E. Burton. D. D.
Extension Secretary— Rev. W. Knighton Bloom.
Treasurer — Charles H. Baker.
Headquarters — 287 4th avenue. New York.
Publishing Society.
President— Rev. Clarence F. Swift, D. D.
Treasurer — Harry M. Nelson.
General SecretaT— Rev. F. M. Sheldon.
Headquarters — 14 Beacon street, Boston, Mass.
Church Building Society.
President— "Pev. Pookwell H. Potter. D. D.
Treasurer — Charles H. Baker.
General Secretary— RPV. Charles E. Burton. D. D.
Chnrch Building Secretary— Rev. James R.
Smith. D. D.
Associate Secretary— Rev. Charles H. Richards,
D. D.
Field Secretaries— John P. Sanderson, D. D.,
Chicago. 111.; William W. Leete, D. D., Bos-
ton, Mass.
Assistant Field Secretary— Mrs. C. H. Taintor,
Clinton, Conn.
Headquarters— 287 4th avenue. New York.
Home Missionary Society.
President — Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, D. D.
Treasurer— Charles H. Baker.
Secretaries— Rev. Charles E. Burton, D. D.;
Rev. William S. Beard.
Headquarters— 287 4th avenue. New York city.
Education Society.
Chairman— Rev. Charles R. Brown D D
Secretary— Rev. Frank M. Sheldon.' Boston.
Mass.
District Secretary (Chicago)— Rev. R. W. Gam-
mon. D. D., 19 West Jackson boulevard
Treasurer— Harry M. Nelson.
Headquarters— 14 Beacon street, Boston, Mass.
Ministerial Relief.
Chairman— Rev. H. A. Stimson, D. D.. New
York city.
Corresnonding Secretary— William A Rice D
D., New York city.
Western Secretary— Rev. F. S. Hayes D D
Chicago, 111.
Treasurer— B. H. Fancher, 287 4th avenue,
New York city.
National Council (Biennial).
Moderator— Rev. Henry C. King, LL. D. Ober-
lin, O.
Secretary— Rev. Hubert C. Herring, 287 4'.h
avenue, New York, N. Y.
Treasurer— Rev. John J. Walker. 287 4th ave-
nue, New York, N. Y.
Woman's Board of Missions.
Secretary— Miss Helen B. Calder, Congrega-
tional House, Boston, Mass.
Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior
Secretary— Mrs. L. O. Lee. 1315. 19 South La
Salle street. Chicago. 111.
Woman's Board of Missions of the Pacific
Secretary— Mrs. H. M. Tenney, 311 East Lake
avenue, Watsonville. Cal.
The Woman's Home Missionary Federation
President— Mrs. Hastings H. Hart. 7 Colden
avenue. White Plains, N. Y.
General Secretary— Miss Miriam F. Choate 289
4th avenue. New York city.
Treasurer— Mrs. Harry E. Smith. 105 Mama-
roneck avenue. White Plains, N. Y.
LUTHERAN DENOMINATION.
Treasurer— Henry M. Williams, Cambridge
General Synod of Lutheran Church of the
United States.
President— Rev. V. G. A. Tressler D D
Springfield, O.
Secretary— Rev. F. P. Manhart, D. D., Selins-
grove. Pa.
Treasurer— Geo. H. Knollenberg, Richmond,
Ind.
Missouri Synod.
President— Rev. F. Pfotenhauer, 415 West 62d
street, Chicago. 111.
Secretary— Prof. R. D. Biedermann. Concordia
Theological seminary. Springfield. 111.
The official title of this organization is: The
Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri,
Ohio and other states.
Norwegian Lutheran Church of America.
President— Rev. H. F. G. Stab. St. Paul,
Minn.
Vice-President—Prof. J. P. Kildahl, D. D.. St.
Paul, Minn.
Secretary— Rev. N. J. Lohre, M. A., Mayville,
N. D.
Treasurer— Erik Waldeland. 425 4th street,
south, Minneapolis, Minn.
ALMANAC
T~EvA.R-BOOK FOR 1920.
351
The Luther League of America.
President— C T A. Anderson, Chicago, HI.
General Secretary-Harry Hodges. 846 Drexel
r
district and 1,400 local organizations.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CHURCH.
The Christian Science church was founded
in 1879 by Mary Baker Eddy, the discoverer
Christian Science and author of its text-
ST
S.
a
Church. «Tl2 inSnt officers ol The Mother
Church are :
President— John W. Doorley.
derk-Charles E Jarv",
Le H™aut de Christian Science and The
ChrisUan Science Monitor .< ^n international
daily newspaper) are published by The Chris-
- tv in Bos*n.
Christian Science. e
bers of this board are free to the public.
CHURCH OF THE NEW JERUSALEM
[Swcdenborgian.]
The General Convention,
President-Rev. Julian K Smyth, 230 West
Fair-
; T. 246 Devon,
shire street. Boston. Mass.
FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF
CHRIST IN AMERICA.
Organized in December. 1908.
A federation officially organized and includ-
ing1 the following- denominations: Baptist
churches (north). National Baptist conven-
tion Free Baptist churches. Christian church
Christian Reformed Church in N. A.. Churches
of God in the U. S. (general eldership) Con
greg-ational churches. Disciples of Christ
Friends. Evangelical synod of N. A.. Evangeli
cal association. Methodist Episcopal church
Methodist Episcopal Church South. African
Methodist Episcopal church. African Methodisl
Episcopal Zion church. Colored Methodisl
Episcopal Church in America, Methodisl
Protestant church. Moravian church. Presby-
terian Church in the United States of America
Presbyterian Church in the United States
(south). Primitive Methodist church. Protest -
rnt Episcopal church (commissions on Chris-
iian unity and social service) , Reformed Church
in America, Reformed Church in the United
States. Reformed Episcopal church. Reformed
Presbyterian church (general synod). Seventh
Day Baptist church. United Brethren church.
United Evangelical church. United Presbyterian
church, Welsh Presbyterian church.
Officers — President, Rev. Frank Mason North:
general secretary. Rev. Charles S. Macfarland:
treasurer, Alfred R. Kimball; chairman of the
executive committee. Rev. James I. Vance:
chairman of the administrative committee. Rev.
Albert G. Lrwson.
The council meets Quadrennially and its
executive committee annually. Its work is
carried on through the following commissipns:
The church and social service, evangelism,
Christian education, temperance, church and
country life, interchurch federations, interna-
tional justice and goodwill relations with the
orient, relations with France and Belgium
and the following committees: Foreign mis-
sions, home missions and family life and reli-
gious rest dny.
The national offices are at 105 East 22d
street. Now York. N. Y.
An office is maintained in the Woodward
building. Washington. D. C.
THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN
ASSOCIATION.
International Committee of Young Men's
Christian Associations of United States and
Canada— Alfred E. Marling, chairman: William
Sloane. William D. Murray, James M. Speers,
vice-chairmen: B. H. Fancher, treasurer; John
R. Mott, general secretary. General office, 347
Madison avenue. New York, N. Y.
The annual report of 1919 for the regular
home work of North America shows 2.077
local associations: 739,438 members: $107.-
830,300 net property and funds: 5.076 em-
ployed secretaries and officers; 269,731 dif-
ferent men in regular gymnasium classes: 86,-
734 men in educational classes, and 129.638
in bible classes. Included in the above are
239 railroad associations with 86.339 mem-
bers: 777 student associations with 58,209
members: 239 local organizations in 143 coun-
ties: 157 associations among colored men with
20.654 members, and thirty-seven organiza-
tions among the regular men of the army and
navy.
YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHRISTIAN UNION OF
THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH.
President— Samuel C. Gushing-, 70 Newport
street, Arlington, Mass.
Secretary-Treasurer—Ralph W. E. Hunt, 150
Clark avenue, Portland, Me.
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.
Organized Feb. 12, 1903.
President— A. C. McGiffert, LL. D., New York.
N. Y.
Recording- Secretary— Chailes M. Stuart, Litt.
D., Evanston. 111.
General Secret ary— Henry Frederick Cope,
D. D.. Chicago, 111.
Treasurer — David R. Forg-an, Chicago. 111.
Chairman Executive Board— Hon. Jesse A.
Baldwin, Chicago. 111.
Executive Offices— 1440 East 57th street, Chi-
cago, 111.
The purpose of the association is to pro-
mote the improvement and extension of moral
and religious education through existing
asrencies in the churches, schools, etc.. by
serving as a center, a clearing house and »
bureau of information and promotion. Tn«
352
ALMANAC AiND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
association publishes a bimonthly magazine,
maintains a permanent library and exhibit,
superintends local guilds, holds general con-
ventions and local conferences. It enrolls in
its membership any persons interested in
moral and religious education regardless of
sectarian or theologrical lines.
AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION.
Headquarters, 1816 Chestnut street, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
President — Martin L. Finckel.
Recording- Secretary— "William H. Hirst.
Treasurer-^John E. Stevenson.
Secretary of Missions— Rev. George P. Wil-
liams, D. D.
Secretary of Publications— James McCon-
aughy, Litt. D.
UNITED SOCIETY OF CHRISTIAN EN-
DEAVOR.
Presidert— Rev. Francis E. Clark, D. D.,
LL. D.
General Secretary— Dr. William Shaw, Chris-
tian Endeavor headquarters, Boston, Mass.
Editorial Secretary— Rev. R. P. Anderson.
Treasurer and Publication Manager — A. J.
Shartle.
Manager Western Office— R. A. Walker. 405.
19 South LaSalle street, Chicago.
THE SALVATION ARMY.
Founded in London, July, 1865; organize*!
in the United States in New York. N. Y.. in
March, 1880.
Commander in Chief— Gen. Bramwell Booth.
International Headquarters — London, England.
American National Headquarters— 120 West
14th street. New York, N. Y.
Commander of United States Forces — Evan-
greline C. Booth.
Western Territorial Headquarters— 108. 114
North Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.
Western Territorial Commissioner — Thomas
Estill.
Posts in World— 9.859.
Social Institutions— 1.231.
Officers and Cadets— 17.374. .
THE VOLUNTEERS OF AMERICA.
Organized March 6, 1896; incorporated Nov.
6, 1896.
Commanders— Gens. Ballington and Maud B.
Booth.
National Headquarters— 34 West 28th street.
New York. N. Y.
Northwestern Headquarters— 1201-1213 Wash-
ington boulevard, Chicago, 111.
Territorial Commander — Maj. -Gen. Edward
Fielding.
National Secretary— J. W. Merrill. New York.
N Y
National Treasurer— W. J. Crafts. New York,
N. Y.
NATIONAL SPIRITUALISTS' ASSOCIATION.
President— Dr. George B. Wnrne. Chicago. HI.
Vice-President—Joseph P. Whitwell, St. Paul.
Minn.
Secretary — George W. Kates, 600 Pennsylvania
avenue. S. E., Washington. D. C.
Treasurer— Cassius L. Stevens, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Trustees — I. C. I. Evans, Washington, D. C.:
Mrs. Eliza Harlow Goetz, Baltimore, Md.:
Mark A. Barwise, Bangor, Me.: Alonzo M.
Griffon. Chicago, HI.: D. A. Herrick, San
Diego. Cal.
AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY.
Organized 1825.
President— Willram Phillips Hall.
General Secretary— Judson. Swift. D. D.
Treasurer— Louis Tag.
Offices— Park avenue and 40th street, New
York. N. Y.
THE FAMILY ALTAR LEAGUE.
The Family Altar league is a worldwide
company of people who have made a cov-
enant to maintain a family altar in their
homes. Covenant cards are furnished free on
request, and to all who enroll by signing the
covenant a wall card certificate of membership
is sent without cost. In 1919, 330.000 cards
had been sent out. It is estimated that more
than 70.000 new family altars have been es-
tablished and 250.000 lives are being touched
and influenced every day in the home because
of the league. The headquarters are at 402
Marquette building. Chicago, 111. The officers
are: The Rev. W. E. Biederwolf, D. D.. pres-
ident; Henry P. Crowell, vice-president; the
Rev. J. W. Nicely, D. D.. recording secretary;
E. O. Excell. treasurer: the Rev. William Mat-
thew Holderby, general secretary.
INTERNATIONAL ORDER OF THE KING'S
DAUGHTEP.S AND SONS.
Headquarters— 280 Madison avenue. New York,
N. Y.
Honorary President— Miss Kate Bond, New
York. N. Y.
President— Mrs. Robert J. Reed. 100 12th
street. Wheeling, W. Vn..
First Vice-President—Miss Annie M. Brown.
Toronto, Ont.
Second Vice-President — Miss Jennie C. Bene-
dict. Lpuisville. Ky.
Third Vice-President — Miss Susan R. Broken-
shire. Waltham, Mass.
General Secretary— Miss Clara Morehouse. 280
Madison avenue. New York, N. Y.
Recording Secretary — Mrs. Fred Derby. Nar-
berth. Pa.
Treasurer — Mrs. K. M. Farnsworjh, Nashua.
Editor— Mrs. R. L. McLaurin. Vicksburgr. Miss
AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY.
Bible House. Astor Place, New York. N. Y.
President — Churchill Cutting.
General Secretaries— Rev. William L. Haven,
D. D.: Frank H. Mann.
Recording- Secretary— Rev. Lewis B. Chamber-
lain, M. A.
Treasurer— William Foulke, Bible House. New
York. N. Y.
Agency Secretaries in the United States— Rev.
S. H. Kirkbride. D. D.. McCormick building.
332 South Michigan avenue. Chicago. 111.;
Rev. J. P. Wragg, D. D.. 35 Gammon ave-
nue. Atlanta. Ga.: Rev. M. P.' Porter. 313A
East Grace street. Richmond. Va.; Rev.
Arthur F. Ragatz. D. D.. Y. M. C. A. build-
ing. Lincoln and 16th streets. Denver. Col.:
Rev. A. Wesley Mell. 122 McAllister street.
San Francisco, Cal.: Rev. J. J. Morgan. 1304
Commerce street. Dallas, Tex.; Rev. F. P.
Parkin, D. D.. 701 Walnut street, Philadel-
phia. Pa.; R^v. Frank Marston, D. D.. 424
Elm street, Cincinnati. O.: Rev. H. J. Scudder,
B. D.. 137 Montague street. Brooklyn, N. Y
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD.
[F^om Whitaker's Almanack. 1
Roman Catholic 272,860,000
Eastern churches 120,000000
Protestant churches 171,650,000
Total Christians 564.510,000
•T^ws 12.205.000
Mohammedans 221825000
Buddhists 138.031.000
Hindus 210.540.000
Confucianists and Taoists 300,830.000
Shintoists ... 25.000.000
Animists 158.270.000
Unclassified 15280000
Total non-Christian 1,081.981,000
Grand total 1 .646.491 .000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
353
CHURCHES AND MEMBERSHIP IN 1916 AND 1906
[From report of the govern merit census bureau, 1918.
]
1 — 1006 '" -"
Denominations.
Organi-
zations.
228.007
2.694
534
2.038
22
13
87
29
if!
57
58.780
8.178
23,692
21.754
10
if!
HE
12
518
46
383
255
117
2.282
317
i.*8
«04
202
13
458
161
118
17
72
80
10
112
72
9
f!
Members.
42.044,374
118.225
30.975
82.287
848
658
3.457
611
27.450
6,716
2,884
7.236,650
1,227.448
2,711,591
3.018.341
456
7.980
12.257
54.812
14.183
33.427
3.902
20.046
23,266
6.872
87,359
14.847
679
134.373
105.649
3,399
24.260
136
929
13,244
3.896
5,455
476
1,389
1.820
208
5,389
3.805
432
1,152
5.639
Min-
isters. :
191,722
1.463
770
582
46
15
50
30
17
600
'48.'992
8,631
15.946
19.423
9
75
l?l
294
3
589
47
494
393
110
1.292
600
35
3.636
3.054
215
351
7
9
Organi-
zations.
212.230
2.551
1.889
10
12
Io2
73
Members.
32.936.445
93,735
26.799
62.211
354
509
2.124
436
19.889
Min-
isters.
164.830
1.152
528
488
20
!°6
59
12
Advent Christian
Seventh-Day Adventist
Church of God (Adventist)
Life and Advent Union
American Rescue Workers
Assemblies of God. General Council*
Bahaisf
24
54,880
8.272
21.104
18,534
16
77
1.346
608
251
15
518
76
1.280
5.662.234
1.052.105
2.009.471
2.261.607
685
8,381
81.359
40.280
14.489
298
30.097
5.180
'4:3. 790
7.360
13,316
17.117
8
90
1.160
600
136
526
100
Baptist bodies
Southern Convention
National Convention (Colored) . .
General Six Principle
Seventh-Day •
Free
Free Will
Free Will (Colored) . ..
Free Will (Bullockites)
General
Separate
Regular*
United
196
93
2.922
797
55
1.097
822
68
2°63
13.698
6.416
102.311
35.076
781
97.144
76.547
3.388
17.042
167
••'266
99
1.500
1.480
35
2.255
1.784
195
269
7
Duck River etc
Primitive
Colored Primitive
Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit
Brethren (German Baptist Dunkers)
Church of the Brethren (Cons.) . . .
Old Order German Baptist
Brethren Church (Progressive) . . .
German Seventh-Day Baptists
Church of God (New Dunkers)*..
Brethren (Plymouth)
403
134
128
10.566
2.933
4 752
Brethren Plymouth I
Brethren Plymouth II ...
Brethren Plymouth III
81
60
1.724
1.157
Brethren. Plymouth IV
Brethren. Plymouth V*
Brethren Plymouth VI*
Brethren (River)
248
203
25
12
111
74
2t
74
62
12
24
11
13
70
4.569
3.397
423
749
3.165
216
170
1!
15
1
14
33
i
Brethren in Christ
Old Ordpr or Yorker . .
United Zion's Children
Buddhists
Japanese Temples
13
20
M5
168
220
1.274
5.639
6.596
2.768
3.828
2.922
10,104
13.692
117,853
13
20
3JL65
4.927
2.907
2.020
1.412
Catholic Apostolic Churches .
Catholic Apostolic
Christadelphians
Christian and Missionary Alliance*..
Christian Union
114
ijn
217
1.379
638
48
13.905
110,117
85,717
1.823
295
1.011
1.276
75
Christian Church (Amer. Conv.)
Church of Christ Scientist!
Church of God and Saints of Christ
Church of Messianic Message*....
95
51599|
443
192
28
154
10
123
108
15
19
12
5.844
8.255
303
4
88
2
169
3.311
266
319,211
7.721
28,376
11.607
1.743
9.598
266
7.085
6.353
733
1,901
1.534
367
790,163
1.231,404
250.340
410
1.992
120.371
1.994
99.681
14.301
101
2.507
477
427
344
30
300
14
122
§7
5
Churches of Christ . .
2.649
159.658
2.100
Churches of God. Gen. Assembly* . .
Churches of God. Gen. Eldership...
Churches of the Living- God (Col.).
Church of the Living God*
518
68
24.356
4.276
482
101
Church of the L. G. (C. W. F. F.).
Church of the L. G. (Assembly) . . .
Churches of the New Jerusalem
44
15
133
119
14
22
7
2'?I1
7.247
6.612
635
2.272
1 756
51
30
130
108
22
General Church
Communistic Societies
Amana Society
Shakers
15
5.713
8.293
411
516
700.480
982.701
129.606
' '5!S03
6.641
108
Congregational Churches
6.040
5.938
356
3
3
125
2
164
29
Disciples of Christ
Eastern Orthodox Churches
Albanian Church*
Bulgarian Church*
Greek Church (Hellenic)
334
90.751
35
Roumanian Church*
Russian Church
59
10
19.111
15.742
5i
Serbian Church. . .
354
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
i m fi
1906
(
Denominations. 2
>rgani-
;ations.
25
Members.
11 591
Min- " '(
isters. 2
30
)rgani-
;ations.
Members.
4.002
Min- '
isters.
&
1fi17
120 756
1 051
1 760
104 898
942
Evangelical Protestant Church.
37
17 962
34
66
34 704
69
Evangelistic Associations. .
207
13 933
444
182
10 842
356
Apostolic Church*
2
112
5
Apostolic Christian Church
54
4 766
50
42
4 558
Apostolic Faith Movement
24
2 196
26
6
538
ig
Christian Congregation
rf
645
32
9
395
26
Church of Daniel's Band
393
14
4
92
16
Ch. of God as Organized by Christ*
17
227
16 ,
Church Transcendent* . ...
91
2
Hephzibah Faith Missionary Assn.
Lumber River Mission
*1
352
434
38
10
293
265
3t
Metropolitan Church Association. .
Missionary Church Association
Peniel Missions
7
2§
704
1.554
257
122
si
11
466
1.256
703
29
35
30
Pentecost Bands of the World
Pillar of Fire (Pentecost Union) ..
Voluntary Missionary Soc. (Col.) .
Free Christian Zion Church (Col.)..
10
21
4
35
1 008
218
1,129
855
6.225
114 714
40
26
11
29
1 282
16
f
15
1 147
487
230
425
1,835
113 772
50
35
11
20
1 479
790
94 111
1 232
*873
91 161
1 325
Friends (Hicksite)
166
17 170
218
18 560
' 97
Friends (Wilburite) ..
50
3373
50
48
3 880
47
Friends (Primitive)
2
' 60
8
171
1O
German Evangelical Synod
1 349
342 788
"i'078
1 205
293 137
972
Holiness Church*
32
908
28
Independent Churches
559
53433
64
1 079
73 673
International Apost. Holiness Church
Jacobite Church Assyrian* .
170
15
5.276
7A8
259
1
74
2.774
178
Jewish Congregations
1 897
359 998
719
1 769
101 457
1.084
Latter-Day Saints .
1 531
462 332
5 990
l'l84
256 647
1 774
'906
403 391
4 790
(3o3
215 796
824
Reorganized Ch. of Jesus Christ...
Lithuanian National Catholic Ch.*..
565
7
58,941
7 343
1.200
501
40.851
950
13 916
2 463 265
9,232
12,703
2.112 494
7,841
General Synod
1 8-*5
370 616
1 514
1 734
270 221
1.311
United Synod South ...
492
66 656
259
449
47 747
226
2 389
535 108
1 664
2 146
462 177
1 393
Synodical Conference
3 017
777 438
2 918
3 301
648 529
2,385
2 743
320 129
1 166
2 376
326 007
934
29 893
121
272
33 °68
122
Synod for Norwegian Church
United Norwegian Church
1 399
112.773
177 463
447
598
927
1 177
107.712
185 027
359
453
827
165 116
567
772
123 408
647
Synod of Buffalo
42
6 128
38
33
5.270
27
Eielsen's Synod
20
1 206
6
26
1 013
6
965
130 793
586
828
110'254
483
102
14 562
71
92
12 541
68
Icelandic Synod
14
l'830
5
14
2 101
10
15
2 978
23
11
3 275
17
135
18 881
32
105
12 907
24
Luth. Free Church (Norwegian)..
United Danish Lutheran Church...
Finnish Lutheran National Church
Finnish Apostolic Luth. Church. . .
Lutheran Brethren
378
194
28,180
17,324
7,933
6.664
169
l|
36
320
198
66
68
16
26.928
16.340
10.111
8.170
482
140
7
Jehovah Conference
Q
QO-J
9
735
9
840
79 591
1 398
604
54 798
1 006
Mennonite Church
307
34 965
509
220
18 674
346
Hutterian Brethren*
17
982
Conservative Amish .
14
1 066
30
Old Order Amish
90
7 893
253
46
5 043
141
Church of God in Christ
21
1 125
17
18
562
17
Old Order Mennonite (Wisler)
Reformed Mennonite
22
25
1.608
1 281
32
26
&
655
2 079
18
34
General Conference of Mennonites.
Defenseless Mennonites
117
11
15,407
854
194
24
90
14
11.661
967
143
26
Mennonite Brethren in Christ
110
53
4.737
5.127
95
81
68
2.801
70
13
894
34
Q
708
17
Kleine Gemeinde*
3
171
7
Central Conference of Mennonites.
Conf . of Defenseless Mennonites. . .
17
15
5
2.101
1.171
209
33
22
9
13
8
1.363
545
18
17
Methodist bodies
65 537
7 165 986
45 801
64 701
5 749 838
39 737
29 377
3 718 396
18 GA2
29 943
2 986 154
17 479
Methodist Protestant
2 464
186 873
1 340
2 8^3
178 544
1 852
Wesleyan M°thodist
585
20 846
436
594
20 0^3
553
Primitive Methodist
94
§44-2
74
96
7 558
80
Methodist. Episconp 1, South
19.122
197
.061
12 503
7.498
250
17.831
305
1.638,480
14 7°9
5.811
324
Free Methodist
1.605
35.287
1,397
1 553
32 838
1 270
New Congregational Methodist
24
1.256
27
' 35
1.782
59
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
355
• -1916 1906
Organi-
Denominations. rations.
Min- ^ Organi- Min-
Memberg. isters. rations. Members, isters.
552.265 8.175 6.647 494.777 6.200
258.433 3.962 2.204 184.542 3.082
2 017 33 . .
African Meth. Episcopal. Zion 2,738
Colored Methodist Protestant*
Union American Meth. Episcopal.. 67
Afiican Union Meth. Proiustant.. . 59
Colored Methodist .Episcopal 2,621
3.624 205 77 4.347 64
3.751 260 69 5.592 187
245,749 3.402 2.381 172,996 2.671
3.977 40 45 3.059 33
1.310 35 .,
Reformed Zion Union Apostolic... 47
African American Meth. .Episcopal* 28
Reformed Meth. Union Episcopal..
2.196 25 58 4.397 72
28.407 185 132 17.926 128
26.373 138 117 17.155 126
1.714 44 15 771 3
320 3 . .
Moravian Church ( Unitas Pratrum) 110
Bohemian and Moravian Brethren. 23
Independent Bohem. and Morav*..
Nonsectarian Churches of Bible Faith
Old Catholic Churches in America*..
Old Roman Catholic Church* 12
2.273 26 204 6,396 50
14200 31
4 700 12
475 7 . .
Catholic Church of N A * 6
9 025 12 .
Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene. 879
32.475 897 100 6.657 170
5.473 278 . .
Polish National Church 34
28.245 45 24 15.473 24
2.257.439 13.602 15.506 1.830,555 12.456-
1.613.056 9.299 7.936 1.179.566 7.603
72.056 728 2.850 195.770 1.514
13.314 430 196 18.066 375
14.536 67 147 13.280 87
160.726 995 968 130.342 994
357.566 1,820 3.104 266.345 1.606-
490 7 22 786 12
15,124 106 141 13,201 111
8.185 135 114 9.122 128-
2.386 15 27 3.620 26
1.098.173 5.544 6.845 886.942 5.368-
533,356 2.212 2.535 449.514 2.03&
144.166 756 659 124.938 710
340,671 1.242 1.736 292,654 1,180-
38.668 185 174 26.669 131
9,851 29 16 5.253 18
11.050 88 81 9,682 84
5.742.263 20.287 12.482 12.079.142 15.177
35,975 2.848 694 22.908 3.030
37,748 495 408 27.712 495
29.096 331 281 20,760 347
6.208 96 127 6.952 148
2 444 68
Presbyterian bodies 15,812
Presbyterian in the USA .. 9,648
Cumberland Presbyterian 1,269
Colored Cumberland Presbyterian . . 140
Welsh Calvinistic Methodist . 134
United Presbyterian 991
Presbyterian in the United States . 3.368
Associate Synod of North America
Associate Reformed Presbyterian . . 133
Reformed Presbyterian Synod 103
Reformed Presbyterian. Gen. Synod 14
Protestant Episcopal Church ... 7,425
Reformed bodies 2.711
Reformed in America 708
Reformed in the United States 1.731
Christian Reformed 226
Hungarian Reformed 46
Reformed Episcopal Church . ... 75
Roman Catholic Church .. 17.621 ]
Salvation Army 751
Scandinavian Evangelical Bodies 459
Swedish Mission Covenant . . 325
Swedish Free Church 102
Norwegian-Danish Free Church*... 32
Schwenkf elders 6
1.127 4 8 725 6
950 10 17 1.262 15
2,850 6 5 2.040 t
Social Brethren 19
Society for Ethical Culture 5
Spiritualists .... S69
28.983 620 455 35.056 185
23.152 600 455 35.056 185
6.831 20 ...
Spiritualists (National Assn.) 348
Progressive Spiritualist Church*... 11
Temple Society in the United States.
Theosophical Societies 176
260 2 3 376 3-
6.368 2 85 2 336
Theosophical Society 17
199 1 14 166
Theosophical Society. New York. . .
Theosophical Soc.. Amer. Section.. 157
Universal Brotherhoodt 1 .
72 1 1 90
5097 69 2080
Unitarians 414
82.315 531 461 70.542 541
367.620 2.319 4.304 296,050 2.435
348.490 1.912 3.732 274,649 1.936
19,130 407 572 21,401 500
90,007 610 978 69,882 553
68.433 561 846 64.158 724
190 3 4 340
10.204 307 71 2.194 302
available.
THE UNITED STATES (1917).
311 for The Christian Herald.]
Corn-
Denominations. Churches, municants.
6. Free 280 16,380
United Brethren bodies 3.881
United Brethren in Christ 3.478
United Brethren (Old Constitution) 403
United Evangelical Church 954
Universalists 638
Vedanta Society! 3
Volunteers of America 97
•Hot in 1906 census. tFull statistics not
STATISTICS OF CHURCHES OF
1 Compiled by Dr. H. K. Caxr
Corn-
Denominations. Churches, municants.
Adventists— 1. Evangelical.. *18 *481
2. Advent Christians 640 30,316
7. Freewill .. 8b4 67.231
3. Seventh Day... 2.076 83.239
8. General 645 34000
4. Church of God.. 22 800
9. Separate ... *76 *5 180
5. Life and Advent Union *12 *509
0. Churches of God in
Christ Jesus 66 2.224
10. United . *196 *13 698
11. Baptist Church of Christ *93 *6,416
12. Primitive *2 922 »102 311
Total Adventists ! £,C34 117.5R9
Baptists— 1. Baptist (North) 9,703 1.368.046
2. Baptist (South).. .. 23,376 2.592,558
13. Primitive (Colored).... *797 *35.076
14. Old Two -Seed -in- tho-
Spirit Predestinarian . *55 *781
16. Church of God and
Saints of Christ.. . *48 *1 823
3. Baptist (National) 18,600 2.200.000
4 Six Principle 13 731
6. Seventh Day. .. 67 8,162
Total Baptists 57.604 6.442.393
856
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Corn-
Denominations. Churches, municants.
Brethren (Dunkards) —
1. Conservative .. 992 100.000
Denominations. Churches.
Faith Associations—
1. Apost. Faith Movement *6
Com-
municants.
*538
2. Old Order. . . 70 3 500
2. Peniel Missions *11
»7no
3. Progressive . 206 24 679
3. Metrop Church °A°ssn* *" *6
•4-fift
4. Seventh Day (German) 3 184
4. Hephzibah Faith Assn. »10
*293
Tot Dunkard Brethren 1 271 128 363
6. Heavenly Recruit . . *27
*938
Brethren (Plymouth) —
1. Brethren I... *134 *2 933
7. Apostolic Christian *42
8. Christian Congregation. *9
•4.558
•395
2. Brethren II • 128 »4.752
9. Voluntary Soc. (Col.) , *3
•425
3. Brethren III *81 *1,724
4. Brethren IV *60 *1.157
Total Faith Association 146
9.672
Friends— 1. Orthodox... 748
*1,835
97 514
Tot. Plymouth Brethren 403 10.566
2. "Hicksite" . 159
17 698
Brethren (River) —
3. "wiiburite" ........::. its
*3 880
1 Brethren in Christ . . 68 3 731
*171
2. Old Order (Yorker) *9 *423
3 United Zion's Children *28 *749
Total Friends 963
119 °63
Friends of Temple *3
• 070
Total River Brethren. . 105 4.903
Buddhists—
German Evang. Protestant. *66
German Evangelical Synod. 1.419
Jewish Congregations 1,769
•34.704
279,964
143,000
2. Japanese Temples *12 *3.165
Latter-Day Saints —
1. Utah Branch 913
345.000
Total Buddhists 24 3,165
2. Reorganized Branch.... 835
75,000
Catholic Apostolic—
1. Catholic Apostolic *11 *2.907
2 New Apostolic *13 *° 0°0
Tot. Latter-Day Saints. 1.748
Lutherans —
1. General Synod 1.857
420.000
364 072
2. United Synod South.. . 404
63 226
Total Catholic Apostolic 24 4.927
Catholics (Eastern Orthodox) —
1. Armenian Apostolic — 55 65.000
2. Russian Orthodox 260 100.000
3. General Council 2 457
4. Synodical Conference... 3.639
5. Norwegian of America. 3.378
(Independent Synods)
6. Ohio 916
507,966
807,017
300,000
138 542
3. Greek Orthodox 70 ' 175.000
7. Buffalo 49
7 395
t. Syrian Orthodox 32 50.000
8. Eiclsen's 26
1 232
. Serbian Orthodox 44 76,000
9. Iowa 1056
125 458
6. Roumanian Orthodox... *5 *20.000
10. Danish 'l!2
14 463
7. Bulgarian Orthodox.... 4 4,500
11. Icelandic 55
4 598
12. Immanuelo 26
19 000
Total Eastern Catholics 470 490 500
13. Suomi (Finnish) . 151
16 511
Catholics (Western) —
1. Roman Catholic 15.670 14,618,197
14. Finnish Apostolic 309
15. Finnish National 72
16. Norwegian Free , 420
22.000
2o!536
3. American Old Catholic. 42 25,000
17. Danish United 185
18. Lutheran Brethren 18
14.996
2.000
Total Western Catholics 15.757 14.663.342
Independ't Congregat'ns 257
33.925
Christadelphiana 70 1500
Total Lutherans 15 517
2 460 937
Christians . . 1.360 106 159
Scandinavian Evangelical bodies —
Christian Catholic (Dowie), *17 *5.865
Christian Union 330 16.825
1. Swedish Ev. Miss. Cov. 279
2. Swedish Ev. Free Miss. 154
40.000
18 500
Church of Christ. Scientist. 1,569
Churches of God 514 28 575
3. Norwegian Evang. Free 153
4.400
Churches of the Living- God (Colored) —
1 Christian Workers .. *44 *2 676
Total Scand. Evang 586
Mennonites — 1. Mennonite.. 257
62.900
14 148
2 Apostolic *15 *752
2. Bruderhoef 20
3 Church of Christ in God *9 *858
3. Amish 64
QOQQ
Tot. Ch. of Living God. 68 4.286
4. Amish (Old Order) 60
5. Amish (Conservative) . 23
6. Reformed 15
5.496
2.619
1 189
Churches of New Jerusalem—
1. General Convention 124 8.500
2 General Church 22 1 272
7. General Conference. . . . 130
8. Church of God 9
17.037
300
Total New Jerusalem... 146 9,772
10. Bundes Conference 27
11. Defenseless 14
1,421
2i425
824
Church Transcendent 3 148
12. Mennonite Brethren.... 140
Miscellaneous 48
5.616
4 646
1. Shakers .... 6 233
2 Amana *7 *1 756
Total Mennonites 828
66 542
Total Communistic Soc. 13 1,989
Congregationalists . ... 6089 807993
Methodists—
1. Methodist Episcopal.... 28.410
2. Union American M. E. 225
3.886.586
20.000
Disciples of Christ—
1. Disciples of Christ 8.961 1.236,808
2. Churches of Christ *2,649 *159.658
Total Disciples .11 610 1 396 466
3. African M. E 6.000
4. African Union M. Prot. 125
5. African M. E. Zion 3.180
6. Methodist Protestant... 2.400
7. Wesleyan Methodist 2.600
620.000
4,000
668,608
201.110
20.500
Evangelical bodies—
8. Methodist Epis. South. 17.015
9. Cong. Methodist... 333
2,143.395
15 529
1. Evangelical Association 1.597 119.855
2. United Evangelical Ch.. 947 89.628
Total Evaner. bodies. . . 2.544 209.483
10. New Cong'l Methodist. *35
11. Zion Union Apostolic. . »45
12. Colored Meth. Epis 3.285
13. Primitive Methodist.... 294
•1.782
•3.059
251,660
28.600
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
35T
Corn-
Denominations. Churches, municants.
14. Free Methodist ......... 1.175 34.956
15. Ref. Meth. Union Epis. 5230
M
. . .
16. Independent Methodist.
1.161
j.
Mara,
Total Methodists ....... 62.954
.vians— 1. Moravians... 125
FnionBohem. & Morav. 21
Total Moravians ...... .
onsectar'n Bible Faith Chs.
2. Apostolic
146
204
041
72
7,782.018
2}-535
1.000
22.535
6.396
33.419
2.700
Tot. Pentecostal bodies. 1.013 36.119
9.831
Mai
142
982
8.120
80
Presbyterians —
1. Northern .............
2. Cumberland ........ ....
3. Cumberland (Colored) .
4. Welsh Calvinistic ......
5. United ................
6. Southern ..............
7. Associate ..............
§. Associate Ref.. South..
. Reformed (Synod).....
10. Reformed (Gen. Synod)
11. Reformed Covenanted..
Total Presbyterians...,
Protestant Episcopal—
1. Protestant Episcopal..,
2. Reformed Episcopal —
Total Protestant Epis..
Reformed—
1. Reformed (Dutch) .....
2. Reformed (German) . . .
3. Christian Reformed .....
4. Hungarian Reformed...
Total Reformed ........
Reformed Catholic .........
Salvation Army .............
Schwenkf elders .............
Social Brethren .............
Society for Ethical Culture
Spiritualists ...............
Theosophical Society .......
Unitarians .................
United Brethren—
1 . United Brethren . . . ..... .
2. Unit. Breth. (Old Cons.)
Total United Brethren
Universalists .......... . .....
Independent Congregations .
Grand total in 1917 . . .226.609
Grand total in 1916. . .225.603
•Census of 1906.
MINISTERS (1917) .
Denomination.
1,581.443
65.644
18.066
14.668
158,460
359.335
3.625
40
1^6.372 2.225.879
1.071.901
11.465
8.200 1.083.366
132.172
327.508
39.381
15.000
40.515.126
39.941.811
42 2^9
Brethren '(Dunkards) '.'. '.*.*.'. *.'..'.'.'.'.'. '.!... 3.687
Brethren (River)
Buddhists
Catholic Apostolic
Catholics (Eastern) ........... -- ....... nn A.
Catholics (Roman) ..................... 20,4
Catholics (other)
Christian Catholic' (Dowie)
Christian Union.. ........... . • o i o
Church of Christ (Scientist) ............ 3.138
Churches of God.... .................... f£l
Churches Living God. .................. 1O1
Churches New Jerusalem ................ R i« J
Congregationalisms ...................... 6.660
Disciples of Chnst ...................... 8.057
Evangelical Bodies ...................... 1.576
Faith Associations ..................... 241
Free Christian Zion ..................... , 20
Friends ................................ W79
Social Brethren
Society Ethical Culture
Denomination. Number.
Friends of Temple ...................... 3
German Evangelical Protestant ......... 69
German Evangelical Synod ............. 1.096
Jewish Congregations ................. .. 1.084
Latter-Day Saints ....................... 4.460
Lutherans ........................ •••».. 0.823
candinavian Evangelical.. .............. 661
lennonites ............................. 1.521
lethodists ............................ 42.176
Moravians ......................... . ... 146
Nonsectarian Bible Faith Churches ..... 60
Pentecostal Bodies ...................... 1.011
Presbyterians .......................... 14.124
Protestant Episcopal ................... 6.704
Reformed .............................. 2.224
Reformed Catholic ............ . .........
Salvation Army .............. ........... 3.072
Schwenkfelders .................... .... 6
15-
7
Unitarians
United Brethren.
Universalista ...
Independent ...
Total in 1917 .......................... 181.808
Total in 1918 .......................... 180.664
TOTAL BY TEARS.
Year. Communicants. Increase.
1917 .................... 40.515.315 673.315
1916 .................... 39.941.811 756.867
1915 ................ 39.184.944 542.962
1914 .................... 38.641.982 782.007
1913 .................... 37.859.975 1.235.513
1912 .................... 36.624.462 528.777
Average annual gain in this period. 736.642.
SUNDAY SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED
STATES (1916).
[Report of government census bureau, 1918.J
Schools. Scholars.
All denominations .......... 195.276 19.951.675
99.
South .................... 18.438
Colored .................. 20.333
Other (14 bodies) ........ 1.196
Adventists (5 bodies) 2.396
Baptists— North 8.291 1.024.1
1.656.324
1.204.328
70.445
Brethren (Dunkards) —
Ch. of Brethren (Conser.) 1.288 112.287
Other (4 bodies) 209 24.789
Christian Church 1.075 89.853
Church of Christ 3.456 168164
Congregationalists 6.680 654.102
Disciples ol Christ 7.753 953.618
Eastern Orthodox-
Greek Church 18 1123
Russian Church 128 6.'783
Other (5 bodies) 22 1.291
Evangelical Association 1.573 172129
Friends— Orthodox 723 65^54
Other (3 bodies) 115 6.540
German Evangelical Synod. 1.243 146081
Jewish Congregations 700 67.035
Latter-Day Saints-
Church of Jesus Christ . . . 1.084 162 924
Reorganized Church _ 558 28.222
Lutherans— General Synod. . 1.806 311 291
General Council 2,383 306.785
Synodical Conference 1.583 110098
Synod for Norwegian 465 24.313
United Norwegian 897 44.645
Synod of Ohio 717 66.867
Synod of Iowa 808 38.120
Other (14 bodies) 1.621 9&.Q98
Mennonites (16 bodies).... 665 79.621
Methodists—
Methodist Episcopal 28.54
Methodist Episcopal. South 1
Methodist
Other white ..
African Meth.
=atant
bodies)...
iscopal..
16.668
2.104
1.973
6,373
858
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
Schools.
African Meth. Epis. Zion 2.565
Colored Meth. Episcopal.
Other Colored (6 bodies)
Presbyterians—.
Presbyterian in U. S. A..
Presbyterian in U. S .....
United Presbyterian ...... .
Other (7 bodies) .......... 1.
Protestant Episcopal ........ 5.80.
2^543
203
9.713
3.258
1.019
in America ..... 790
Reformed in US ......... 1.712
Other (2 bodies) ..........
Roman Catholic ............ 12.761
United Brethren in unnsi 3,294
Unit. Brethren (OldConst.) 381
United Evangelical 943
All other (81 bodies) 5.812
Total number of officers and
1.959.918.
CONSTITUENT BODIES OF THE
COUNCIL.
Denominations. Churches.
Baptist Churches. North.... 8.J78
National Baptist Convention 21.754
Free Baptist Churches 171
Christian Church. i'Sll
Congregational Churches... 5.844
Disciples of Christ 8.255
GUmanEVangeiicaiSynbd: 1.349
Evangelical Association.....
Lutheran Ch.. Gen. Synod..
Methodist Episcopal Church r--y- •
Methodist Episcopal. South 19.122
AfricnnMeth, Epis, Church 6.454
Scholars.
135,930
167.880
9.119
1.387.938
312,952
156.072
96,683
493.080
122.111
302,200
26.757
1.853.245
402.656
24.219
129.717
390.997
teachers,
l!637
1.845
can . . .
Af r. Meth. Epis. Zion Ch. .. 2.738
Colored M^th. Epis. Church 2.621
Methodist Protestant Church 2.464
Moravian Church 1J-U
FEDERAL
Members.
1.227.448
3.018.341
12.257
117.853
790.163
1.231.404
94.111
342.788
120.756
370.616
3.718.396
2.108.061
552.265
258.433
245.749
186.873
26.373
Denominations. Churches.
Presbyterian Ch. in U. S. A. 9,648
Presbyterian Ch. in U. S....
Primitive Methodist Church
Protestant Episcopal
Reformed Ch. in America...
Reformed Church in U. S...
Reformed Episcopal Church
Ref. Presbyte'n. Gen. Synod
Seventh-Day Baptist Church.
United Brethren Church....
United Evangelical Church.
United Presbyterian Thurch
Welsh Presbyterian Church.
Totals, 1916 census 142.671 18.620.136
Totals. 1906 census 137.460 14,888,273
CHURCHES AND CHURCH PROPERTY.
According- to the census of 1916 the total
number of church edifices in the United State*
was 203.432 as against 192.705 in 1906. Only
a building owned and used by a denomination
for church purposes is included in the term
church edifice. The Methodist Episcopal
church had 28.406 such buildings in 1916 and
ranked first in this respect. The Methodist
denomination as a whole had 61,467 churches.
Following is a table showing the number of
churches owned by the leading denomination*
in 1916, with the value of the church prop-
erty of each:
Denomination. Churches. Property.
All denominations ....203,432 $1.676.600,582
Baptist 51.803
Congregational 5,744
Lutherans 12.722
Methodists 61,467
i Presbyterians 15.060
'Protestant Episcopal.. 6,726
I Roman Catholic 15.120
Unitarians 399
Universalists 620
198.364.747
80.842.813
109.415.163
317.916.402
192.989.599
164.990.150
374,206.895
15.247.349
7,876.103
AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION.
Organized 1876.
To promote the welfare of libraries
in America and secure public library service
for all Americans everywhere,
President— Chalmers Hadley. Denver Public li-
H. Locke. Public
i
library, Toronto, Canada.
Second Vice-President— Cornelia Marvin, Oregon
78 East Washing-
East Washington
street. Chicago. 111.
Membership 4.000. .
The association provided library service for
the army, navy and marine corps during the
war Dr! Herbert Putnam, librarian of con-
gress, was general director of this service.
This library work was taken over in Novem-
ber. 1919. by the war and navy departments.
The association is continuing to provide li-
brary service for the coast guard and light-
house service, United States public health
service hospitals and United States shipping
board and other merchant marine vessels.
These activities are included in an enlarged
program which is aiming also to provide li-
brary service for all districts and communities
lacking in library facilities. Carl H. Milam is
general director of the enlarged program. The
association assists in the organizing of libra-
ries in states lacking "library extension agen-
cies; publishes books and pamphlets on library
work, selection of books, etc. and serves as a
clearing house for general library information.
ROCKEFELLER FUND FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION.
John D. Rockefei:er gave to the general edu-
cation board on Sept. 26, 1919, the sum of
$20 000 000 to be used for the improvement
of medical education in the United States.
The board announced the gift in New York
city on the date named as follows:
"The general education board announces
the gift from John D. Rockefeller of $20.-
000,000. the income to be currently used, and
the entire principal to be distributed within
fifty years for th° improvement of medical
education in the United States."
Abraham Flexner. secretary of the board.
said the entire sum, principal and interest,
would be devoted to the upbuilding of medi-
cal schools, since such was the desire of the
donor. In other words, none of the money
will go to educational propaganda, but all
of it will be expended directly and practi-
cally. Asked what preliminary work would
be undertaken before the distribution of the
$20.000.000 was started. Mr. Flexner said
there would be a general survey of the
schools of the country which would determine
not only which ones could be improved to
the general good of the country but also
what were the specific needs in each instance.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
358
FRATERNAL AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
GRAND LODGES A. F. & A. M.
Names and Addresses of Grand Secretaries.
October, 1918.
Alabama — George A. Beauchamp, Montgomery.
Alberta— S. Y. Taylor. Calgary.
Arizona — George J. Roskruge, Tucson.
Arkansas— Fay Hempstead, Little Rock.
British Columbia— W. A. de W. Smith, West-
minster.
California-rJohn Whicher. San Francisco.
Canada — William McGregor Logan, Hamilton,
Ont.
Colorado — Charles H. Jacobson, Denver.
Connecticut— George A. Kies, Hartford.
Cuba— F. N. Preval. Havana.
Delaware — Harry J. Guthrie, Wilmington.
District of Columbia— A. W. Johnston. Wash-
ington.
England— P. Colville Smith, London.
Florida— W. P. Webster, Jacksonville.
Georgia — Frank F. Baker, Macon.
Holland— H. P. Van Nieuwenburg, The Hague.
Idaho— George E. Knepper, Boise.
Illinois — Isaac Cutter, Camp Point.
Indiana— Calvin W. Prather, Indianapolis.
Iowa — Newton R. Parvin, Cedar Rapids.
Ireland— Lord W. L. Plunket. Dublin.
Kansas— Albert K. Wilson, Topeka.
Kentucky — Dave Jackson, Louisville.
Louisiana— John A. Davilla, New Orleans.
Maine— Charles B. Davis. Portland.
Manitoba— James A. Ovas, Winnipeg.
Maryland — George Cook, Baltimore.
Massachusetts— Frederick W. Hamilton, Boston.
Michigan — Lou B. Winsor, Grand Rapids.
Minnesotar-John Fishel, St. Paul.
Mississippi — Frederic G. Speed, Vicksburar.
Missouri — John R. Parson, St. Louis.
Montana— Cornelius Hedges. Jr., Helena.
Nebraska— Francis E. White, Omaha.
Nevada— E. D. Vanderlieth. Reno.
New Brunswick— J. Twining Hartt, St. John.
New Hampshire — H. M. Cheney, Concord.
New Jersey— Isaac Cherry. Trenton.
New Mexico— Alpheus A. Keen, Albuquerque.
New South Wales— Arthur H. Bray. Sydney.
New York — Robt. Judson Kenworthy, New York.
New Zealand— Malcolm Niccol, Wellington.
North Carolina— William W. Willson, Raleigh.
North Dakota— Walter L. Stockwell, Fargo.
Nova Scotia — James C. Jones, Halifax.
Ohio— J. H. Bromwell, Cincinnati.
Oklahoma— Wm. M. Anderson, Oklahoma City.
Oregon— James F. Robinson, Portland.
Pennsylvania— John A. Perry, Philadelphia.
Philippines— N. C. Comfort, Manila.
Porto Rico — Jose G. Torres. San Juan.
Prince Edward Island— W. P. Doull. Charlotte-
town.
fuebec— W. W. Williamson. Montreal,
ueensland — Charles H. Harley, Brisbane,
hode Island— S. Penrose Williams, Providence.
Saskatchewan — W. B. Tate, Regina.
Scotland — David Reid, Edinburgh.
South Australia— C. R. J. Glover. Adelaide.
South Carolina— O. Frank Hart. Columbia.
South Dakota— George A. Pettigrew, Sioux
Falls.
Tasmania— John Hamilton, Hobart.
Tennessee— Stith M. Cain (acting). Nashville.
Texas— W. B. Pearson, Waco.
United Grand Lodge of Victoria— Charles J.
Barrow, Melbourne.
Utah— Freeman A. McCarty, Salt Lake City.
Vermont — Henry H. Ross, Burlington.
Victoria— C. J. Barrow, Melbourne.
Virginia— Charles A. Nesbit, Richmond.
Washington — Horace W. Tyler. Tacoma.
Western Australia — J. D. Stevenson, Perth.
West Virginia— John M. Collins. Charleston.
Wisconsin— William W. Perry, Milwaukee.
Wyoming— J. M. Lowndes. Lander.
ROYAL AKCH MASONS.
General Grand Chapter.
General Grand High Priest— Frederick W.
Craig. Des jnoineo, J.UWA.
Deputy General Grand High Priest— William
F. Kuhn, Kansas (Jay, Aio.
General Grand Scribe— Charles N. Rue. Hot
Springs. Ark.
General Grand Treasurer— Gustav A. Eitel.
Baltimore. Md.
General Grand Secretary— Charles A. Conover.
Coldwater, Mich.
Headquarters— Coldwater, Mich.
Number of grand chapters — 47.
ROYAL AND SELECT MASTERS.
General Grand Council. 1918-1921.
General Grand Master — George A. Newell.
Medina. N. Y
General Grand Deputy Master— Fay Hempstead,
Little Rock, Ark.
General Grand Principal Conductor— Joseph C.
Greenfield, Atlanta. Ga.
General Grand Treasurer— Thomas E. Shears,
Denver. Col.
General Grand Recorder— Henry W. Mordhurst.
Fort Wayne, Ind.
General Grand Captain of Guard— Bert S. Lee.
Springfield, Mo.
General Grand Conductor of Council— O. Frank
Hart. Columbia. S. C.
General Grand Marshal— William H. L. Odell.
Boston, Mass.
General Grand Steward— Warren S. Seipp. Bal-
timore, Md.
KNIGHTS TEMPLARS.
Grand Officers.
Grand Master— M. E. Sir Joseph K. Orr. At-
lanta. Ga.
Deputy Grand Master— R. E. Sir Jehiel W.
Chamberlain. St. Paul. Minn.
Grand Generalissimo— R. E. Sir Leonidas P.
New-by, Knightstown. Ind.
Grand Captain General— R. E. Sir William P.
Norris, Manchester. Iowa.
Grand Senior Warden— R. E. Sir George W.
Vallery, Denver, Col.
Grand Junior Warden-R. E. Sir William L.
Sharp, Chicago, 111.
Grand Prelate— R. E. Sir and Rev. Troy Bsatty.
Memphis. Tenn.
Grand Treasurer— R. E. Sir H. Wales Lines.
Meriden, Conn.
Grand Recorder— R. E. Sir Frank H. Johnson
201 Masonic Temple, Louisville, Ky.
Grpnd Standard Bearer— R. E. Sir Perry W.
Weidner. Los Angeles, Cal.
Grand Sword Bearer — R. E. Sir Robert S.
Teague, Montgomery. Ala.
Grand Warder — R. E. Sir Charles C. Homer.
Baltimore, Md.
Grand Captain of the Guard— R. E. Sir George
T. Campbell, Owosso. Mich.
ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITB
MASONS.
Northern Masonic Jurisdiction.
M. P. Sovereign Grand Commander— Barton
Smith, Toledo, O.
Grand Lieutenant-Commander—Leon M. Ab-
bott, Boston, Mass.
Grand Minister of State— Amos Pettibone. Chi-
cago, 111.
Grand Treasurer-General — Leroy A. Goddard.
Chicago, 111.
Grand Secretary-General — Robert A. Shirrefs.
New York. N. Y.
Southern Masonic Jurisdiction.
The supreme council, 83d degree, of the
Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Free-
masonry for the southern jurisdiction of the
United States of America:
360
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Sovereign Grand Commander— George Fleming:
Moore, Wasmngton. D. C.
Lieutenant Grand Commander— Charles E. Ro-
senbaum, Little Rock, Ark.
Grand Prior— (Vacancy.)
Grand Chancellor— Ernest B. Hussey, Seattle,
Grand Minister of State— Trevanion W. Hug-o.
Secretary-General—John H. Cowles, Washing-
ton. D. C.
Treasurer-General— Garnett N. Morgan, Nash-
ville, Tenn.
Grand Almoner— Adolphus L. Fitzgerald. Eu-
reka, Nev.
ANCIENT ARABIC ORDER NOBLES OF THE
MYSTIC SHRINE.
First temple founded Sept. 26. 1872.
Imperial Council. 1918-1919.
Imperial Potentate— W. " Freeland Kendrick,
Philadelphia. Pa.
Imperial Deputy Potentate— Ellis L. Garretson.
Tacoma. Wash.
Imperial Chief Rabban— Ernest A. Cutts, Sa-
vannah. Ga.
Imperial Assistant Rabban— James S. McCand-
less. Honolulu. H. I.
Imperial High Priest and Prophet— Conrad V.
Dykeman. Brooklyn, N. Y.
Imperial Treasurer— William S. Brown, 523
Wood street. Pittsburgh. Pa.
Imperial Recorder— Benjamin W. Rowell. 206
Masonic Temple, Boston, Mass.
Imperial Oriental Guide— James E. Chandler,
Kansas City. Mo.
Imperial First Ceremonial Master — James C.
Burger, Denver, Col.
Imperial Second Ceremonial Master — David W.
Crosland. Montgomery, Ala.
Imperial Marshal— Clarence M. Dunbar, Provi-
dence, R. I.
Imperial Captain of the Guards— Frank C.
Jones, Houston. Texas.
Imperial Outer Guard— Leo V. Youngworth,
Los Angeles. Cal.
GENERAL GRAND CHAPTER ORDER OF
THE EASTERN STAR.
Organized Nov. 16. 1876.
Officers for 1919-1922.
Most Worthy Grand Matron— Mrs. Ellie Lines
Crapin. Pine Meadow. Conn.
Most Worthy Grand Patron— Alfred C. McDan-
iel. M.D.. San Antonio, Tex.
Right Worthy Assistant Grand Matron — Mrs.
Cora R. Franz. Jacksonville, Fla.
Right Worthy Assistant Grand Patron— Will
W. Grow, D. O., St. Joseph. Mo.
Right Worthy Grand Secretary— Mrs. Minnie
E. Ke.ves. Lansing, Mich.
Right Worthy Grand Treasurer — Mrs. Alcena
Lamond. Takoma Park, D. C.
Right Worthy Grand Conductress — Mrs. Clara
L. Henrich, Newport. Ky.
Right Worthy Assistant Grand Conductress —
Mrs. Emma P. Chadwick, Seattle. Wash.
Right Worthy Grand Trustee— A. H. Turrittin,
Minneapolis. Minn.
Right Worthy Grand Trustee— Mrs. Amalia
Huehl. Chicago, 111.
Right Worthy Grand Trustee— J. Ernest Teare.
Cleveland, Ohio.
Worthy Grand Chaplain— Mrs. Helen Budd Tay-
lor. Lancaster, Wis.
Worthy Grand Marshal— Mrs. Harriet I. Bur-
well. Winsted, Conn.
Worthy Grand Organist — George J. Kurzen-
knabe, Chicago, 111.
Worthy Grand Adah, Mrs. A. May Ralston,
Ont.. Canada.
Worthy Grand Ruth— Mrs. Ophelia J. Allan.
Hartsville. Tenn.
Worthy Grand Esther— Mrs. Marie L. Sum-
merfield. Reno. Nev.
Worthy Grand Martha— Mrs. Mabel L. Eldridge,
San Antonio. Tex.
Worthy Grand Electa— Mrs. Lotta M. Armi-
stead. Greenville, Miss.
Worthy Grand Warder— Mrs. Phyllis M. Bur-
ditt, Springfield, Vt.
Worthy Grand Sentinel — Philip A. Jer&uson.
West Medford. Mass.
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS.
Sovereign Grand Lodge.
Grand Sire— Henry V. Borst, Amsterdam, NY.
Deputy Grand Sire— Joseph Oliver, Toronto, Ont.
Grand Secretary— John B. Goodwin. 25 Nortn
Liberty street, Baltimore, Md.
Grand Treasurer-Wm. H. Cox Maysville. Ky.
Membership Dec. 31. 1918, 2,226.562.
Total paid for relief 1830 to 1918. inclusive.
$186.895,751.85.
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.
Supreme Lodge.
Supreme Chancellor— Charles S. Davis. Denver,
Supreme Vice-Chancellor—William Ladew, New
Supreme Prelate— Fred S. Attwood. Minneap-
Supreme^eeper of Records and Seal— Fred E.
Wheaton. Minneapolis. Minn.
Supreme Master of Exchequer— Thomas D.
Meares, Wilmington. N. C
Supreme Master at Arms— Fred J. G. Me-
Arthur. Winnipeg, Man
Supreme Inner Guard— Douglas S.
. M. Wadsworth. Phil-
MaforSteneraf Military Department— William H.
Loomis. Grand Rapids. Mich.
President Insurance Department— Harry Wade.
lodges. 55: subordi
nate lodges. 6.989.
Total membership. 698.840.
Total assets, $21.776.287.51.
ROYAL ARCANUM.
Organized June 23. 1877.
Supreme Council.
Supreme Regent— L. R. Geisenberger. Lancaster.
Supreme Vice-Regent — Carleton E. Hoadley,
New Haven, Conn.
Supreme Orator— Richard E. Kropf . Chicago. 111.
Supreme Secretary— Samuel N. Hoag, 407 Shaw-
mut avenue. Boston, Mass
Supreme Treasurer— A. S. Robinson. St. Louis,
Head" office at 407 Shawmut avenue, Boston.
Number of subordinate councils, 1.476: state
MenSeS11^2!, 1919. 133.619.
UNITED ORDER OF FORESTERS.
Executive Council.
Supreme Ranger— R. C. Sherrard, suite 660. 17
North LaSalle street. Chicago. 111.
Supreme Vice-Ranger— J. B. McGilligan. 758
West 5th street. Superior, Wis.
Supreme Secretary— George W. Blann. 301
Colby-Abbot building. Milwaukee, Wis.
Supreme Treasurer— William A. Stolts, State
Life building, Indianapolis. Ind.
Supreme Counselor-blames Scl^onmaker, Op-
penheim building. St. Paul. Minn.
Supreme Physician— Dr. S. T. Richman, 5659
Wentworth avenue, Chicago. HI.
WOODMEN OF THE WORLD.
Organized June 6, 1890.
Sovereign Commander— W. A. Fraser. Omaha.
Neb.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
361
Sovereign Escort— B. W. Jewell, Omaha, Neb.
Sovereign Clerk-^John T. Yates, W. O. W. build-
ing1, Omaha, Neb.
Sovereign Banker — Morris Sheppard, Texarkana,
Tex.
Sovereign Escort — S. A. Ferrell, Johnstown. Pa.
Sovereign Watchman— C. D. Mills, Jacksonville,
Fla.
Sovereign Sentry — S. L. Caine, Columbus. Miss.
Sovereign Physicians — Dr. A. D. Cloyd and Dr.
Ira W. Porter, Omaha. Neb.
General Attorney— D. E. Bradshaw, Omaha,
Neb.
Headquarters — Omaha, Neb.
Membership of sovereign jurisdiction June 1.
1919. 949.350.
MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA.
Founded in 1883.
Head Officers.
Head Consul— A. R. Talbot. Lincoln, Neb.
Assistant to Head Consul— J. G. Pace. Lincoln.
Neb.
Head Clerk— A. N. Bort. Rock Island, 111.
Assistant Head Clerk— J. G. Ray. Rock Island.
Head Adviser— Dan B. Home, Davenport. Iowa.
Head Banker— O. E. Aleshire. 175 West Jack-
son boulevard. Chicago, 111.
Head Escort— R. C. Bellew, Westhope, N. D.
Head Sentry— Frank L. Bennett, Hagerstown.
Md.
Head Watchman— Dr. T. B. Hughes, Afton, Tenn.
Head Chaplain — Rev. Henry E. Dunnack. Au-
gusta. Me.
Editor— John F. Harris, Rock Island, HI.
Board of Directors — E. E. Murphy, chairman,
Leavenworth, Kas.: R. R. Smith. 1310 Com
Trust building-. Kansas City, Mo.; F. R.
Korns. Des Moines, Iowa; S. S. Tanner,
Minier. 111.: J. D. Volz. 810 State Life build-
' ing, Indianapolis, Ind.: E. J. Bullard. 305
Gladwin building, Detroit. Mich.: F. B. East-
terly. 211 Commonwealth building. Denver.
Col. These with the head consul and head
clerk constitute the executive council of nine.
Supreme Medical Director?! — Dr. E. W. Cook,
chairman. Rock Island, HI.: Dr. B. E. Jones,
Rock Island, 111.; Dr. E. A. Anderson. Rock
Island. 111.
Board of Auditors — Henry F. Turner, chairman.
Frankfort. Ky. : George L Bowman, secretary.
Kingfisher, Okla.: W. D. Nelson, Pierre. S. D.:
Ambrose S. Havey. 78 North Broadway, Yon-
kers. N. Y.: J. G. Tate. 436 E-ist 44th street,
Portland, Ore.: C. F. Londerback. Fort Scott,
Kas.: H. S. Green. Bloomfield, Mo.
Membership Aug. 1, 1919, not including social.
1,057.012.
Death claims paid to Aug. 1, 1919, 8216,624.-
909.03.
Home Office— Rock Island. 111.
Next head camp convenes June. 1921.
BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER
OF ELKS.
Grand Exalted Ruler— Frank L. Rain. Fair-
bury, Neb.
Grand Esteemed Leading Knight — George A.
Falkenstein, McKeesport, Pa.
Grand Esteemed Loyal Knight— Charles A.
Bookwalter, Indianapolis, Ind.
Grand Esteemed Lecturing Knight— C. C.
Bradley, Portland. Ore.
Grand Secretary— Fred C. Robinson, Dubuque,
Iowa.
Grand Treasurer — P. J. Brennan, Denison,
Tex.
Grand Tiler— Frank Hurley, Birmingham, Ala.
Grand Inner Guard— W. B. Merrimon, Greens-
boro. N. C.
Membership 1919. 600,000. Lodges 1919
1.374.
NATIONAL UNION.
Officers of the Senate.
President — D. A. Helpman, Toledo, O.
Vice-President—Harry S. Anderson. 405 13t*
street. Oakland. Cal.
Secretary— E. A. Myers, P. O. box 933, To-
ledo, O.
Treasurer— C. G. Bentley, Cleveland, O.
General Counsel — George P. Kirby. Toledo, O.
Medical Director— Dr. Tracy H. Clark. Chicago,
Executive Committee — E. J. Smejkal. D. A.
Helpman, H. S. Anderson. E. A. Myers. C. G.
Bentley, Leo Canman. M. G. Jeffris.
Total membership, 55.000.
KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.
Organized Feb. 2. 1882.
Supreme Knight — James A. Flaherty, drawer
1670. New Haven, Conn.
Deputy Supreme Knight— Martin H. Carmody.
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Supreme Secretary — William J. McGir. jy, draw-
er 1670. New Haven, Conn.
Supreme Treasurer— D. J. Callahan, postoffice
box 1722. Washington, D. C.
Supreme Physician— E. W. Buckley, M. D..
Lowry building, St. Paul, Minn.
Supreme Advocate— Joseph C. Pelletier, Barris-
ters' hall. Boston. Mass.
Supreme Chaplain— Rev. P. J. McGivney, Bridge-
port. Conn.
Supreme Warden — Thomas J. McLaughlin, New-
ark. N. J.
THE ROYAL LEAGUE.
Incorporated Oct. 26. 1883.
Officers for 1917-1919.
tupreme Archon— W. E. Hyde, Chicago. 111.
upreme Vice-Archon— Thomas V. Dally. Mil-
waukee. Wis.
Supreme Orator— H. P. Rountree, Chicago, 111.
Supreme Scribe— C. E. Piper, 1601 Mesonic
Temple. Chicago, 111.
Supreme Treasurer — J. W. Fernald, First Na-
tional bank. Chicago. 111.
Supreme Prelate— Andrew McOarry. Chicago, HI.
Supreme Guide— Harry M. Strawn, Cleveland. O.
Supreme Warder — (Vacancy.)
Supreme Sentry — A. D. Marshall, New York.
Membership Dec. 31, 1918. 23,058.
ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN.
Founded 1868.
Supreme Lodge Officers, 1919-1921.
Past Supreme Master Workman — Edward E.
Hohmann, Johnstown. Pa
Supreme Master Workman— Will M. Narvis.
Muscatine, Iowa.
Supreme Foreman — John R. Frazier. A. O.
U. W. building. Little Rock. Ark.
Supreme Overseer — Dr. L. Heisler Ball. Mar-
shallton. Del.
Supreme Recorder— E. J. Moore, Fargo. N. D.
Supreme Treasurer — E. F. Danforth. Skowhe-
Supreme Guide — G. Herbert Bishop. 28 Peart
street. New Haven, Conn.
Supreme Watchman— C. C. Rhodes, Pawtucket.
R I
Board' of Directors— Will M. Narvis. president.
Muscatine. Iowa : John R. Frazer, Little Rock.
Ark.: Dr. L. Heisler Ball. Marshallton. Del.;
E. J. Moore, secretary. Fargo. N. D.: E. F.
Danforth, treasurer. Skowhegan, Me.: B. F.
Carroll, Des Moines. Iowa: F. C. Wetmore.
Cadillac. Mich.
ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS.
General Officers.
President — John E. Deery, Indianapolis, Ind.
Vice-President—Patrick F. Cannon, Clinton.
Miss.
Canadian Vice-President—Peter J. Doyle, Mo»-
t;eal. Que.
362
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Secretary— John O'Dea, 1344 Colwyn street,
Treasurer— John Sheehy, Montgomery, Minn.
FRATERNAL, ORDER OF EAGLES.
Officers of the Grand Aerie, 1919-1920.
Grand Worthy President— Elbert D. Weed.
Oshkosh, Wis. . •«• -M- •
Grand Worthy Vice-President—John M. Morin.
Gr?ndSbW?r1thy?aChaplam-WUliain G. Doherty,
New Haven, Conn.
Grand Secretary— J. S. Parry, Kansas City, Mo.
Grand Treasurer— Jos. H. Dowlmg, Dayton, O.
Grand Worthy Conductor-John B. Henderson.
Gran<?' 'inside ^uard — John J. Rice. South
Framingham. Mass.
Grand Trustees— A. B. Duncan, St. Joseph, Mo.,
Henry A. Beck. Seattle. Wash.: George E.
Morgan. Buffalo. N. Y.: John H. Gundaker.
Davenport, Iowa:, John W. Heller. Jr., York.
Pa.
INTERNATIONAL ORDER OF GOOD
TEMPLARS.
Organized in 1851.
National Grand Lodge (U. S.).
National Chief Templar— Ben D. Wright, Lock-
NaUonafs^cretary—Willard O. Wylie. Beverly,
Matfonal Treasurer— A. E. Thulander, East
Orange, N. J.
TRIBE OF BEN-HUR.
Founded March 1. 1894.
Supreme Officers.
Supreme Chief— R. H. Gerard. Crawfordsville,
Supreme Scribe— John C. Snyder. Crawfords-
Supi^emeVeeper of Tribute— S. E. Voris. Craw-
SuSremf Vdical Examiner-J. F. Davidson.
M D Crawioidsville. Ind.
Mfmbership Jan. 1, 1919 70 520.
Surplus Jan. 1. 1919, $1,778.886.54.
Home Office— Crawfordsville. Ind.
THE MACCABEES.
Instituted 1878; reorganized 1883.
Officers 1919-1923.
Past Supreme Commander— D. D. Aitken. Flint.
Supreme Commander— D. P. Markey. Detroit,
Supreme Lieutenant-Commander— A. W. Frye,
Supreme 'Record Keeper— Thomas Watson, 1021
Woodward avenue. Detroit, Mich.
Supreme Chaplain— W. F. Trader. Chicago. 111.
Supreme Sergeant-S. C. C. Ward. Augusta.
Supreme Master at Arms— J. W. Sherwood.
Supreme President— Mrs. Martha A. Sandiforti,
North Adams. Mass.
Supreme Vice-President—Mrs. Nellie Kenyon,
Paterson, N. J.
Supreme Financial Secretary— Harriet E. Boyd.
Joliet, 111.
Supreme Recording Secretary— Eliza Connell.
100 Whittier avenue. Providence, R. I.
Supreme Treasurer— Emily Frr>y. Cleveland, O.
Supreme Chaplain— Emily Millman, Negaunee,
Mich.
Supreme First Conductor — Emily E. Brown.
Bristol, Conn.
Supreme Second Conductor— Mary Ingram, Chi-
Supreme Inside Guard — Maud Smith, Chicago,
Supreme Outside Guard — Annie Marshall,
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Supreme Trustee— Annie Parsons, Jamestown,
N. Y.
ORDER SONS OF ST. GEORGE.
Founded 1871.
Supreme President— J. Henry Perkins. Portland.
Ore.
Supreme Secretary—Walter Willis. Calumet Na-
tional Bank building, 9117 Commercial ave-
nue, South Chicago, 111.
Supreme Treasurer— William H. Penney, New
York. N. Y.
Number grand bodies, 10 ; subordinate bodies.
283.
Members, 1917. 30.224.
Benefits disbursed since organization. $4.198.-
692.
Benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $193,354.36.
JUNIOR ORDER UNITED AMERICAN ME-
CHANICS.
Founded 1853.
Officers of the National Council.
National Councilor — H. F. Lochner. Louisville.
Ky.
National Vice-Councilor — George A. Davis. Bal-
timore, Md.
National Secretary — Martin M. Woods. P. O. box
874. Philadelphia. Pa.: office 727 and 729
Stephen Girard building. Philadelphia. Pa.
National Treasurer— Charles Reimer. 301 Cham-
ber of Commerce, Baltimore, Md.
National Warden — C. W. Varnum, Denver, Cal.
National Conductor— R. F. Lambert. Hunting-
ton. W. Va.
National Inside Sentinel — John A. Bonham*
Hartford City. Ind.
National Outside Sentinel— A. A. Baker, Dan-
bury, Conn.
National Chaplain— Rev. W. B. Duttera, Salis-
bury. N. C.
STOieFi' Master of the Guards-F. O.
Croy, Birmingham. Ala.
Supreme Second Master of the Guards— R. P.
Kuntz. Baltimore, Md.
Supreme Sentinel— J. C. Bartram. Little Rock,
Supreme Picket— H. A. Becker, Rochester. N. Y.
Membership Aug. 31, 1919. 305912
Benafits paid to Aug. 31. 1919, $106,284.-
043.69.
ORDER DAUGHTERS OF ST. GEORGE.
Supreme Lodge.
Supreme Past President— Mrs. Mary E. Jones,
Buffalo. N. Y.
PATRIOTIC ORDER SONS OF AMERICA,
Organized Dec. 10, 1847.
National Camp Officers.
President — Gabriel H. Moyer, Lebanon, Pa.
Vice-President— J. H. Patton, Washington, D. C.
Master of Forms— J. W. White. Jacksonville.
Fla.
Secretaiy— Herman A. Miller, 1157 Butler
street. Easton, Pa.
Treasurer— John W. Reese. St. Clair, Pa.
Assistant Secretary — Thomas Knowles, Potts*
ville. Pa.
C9nductor— T. L. Stevens, Dayton, 0.
Inspector — E. E. Adams, Chincoteague, Va.
Guard— H. H. Kontz. North Carolina.
Medical Examiner in Chief— A. A. Wertman.
M. D.. Tannersville. Pa.
Place of meeting in 1921. Allentown, Pa.
Membership. 295.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
383
IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN.
Founded 1763 and 1834.
Great Chiefs of the Great Council of the
United States.
Great Incohonee — James T. Rogers, Binghamton,
N. Y.
Great Senior Sagamore— A. G. Rutherford. Nash-
ville. Tenn.
Great Junior Sagamore — John E. Sedwick, Mar-
tinsville, Ind.
Great Prophet— Thomas H. Jeffries. Atlanta, Ga.
Great Chief of Records— W. B. Macferran. 230
South LaSalle street. Chicago, 111.
Great Keeper of Wampum— D. K. Reed. Clarks-
burg. W. Va.
Number of great councils. 62.
Subordinate branches and councils. 4,395.
Number of members Jan. 1. 1919. 436.700.
Benefits disbursed in '1918, $1,774,886.77.
Benefits disbursed since org-anization, $44,-
395,368.76.
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF FORESTERS.
Founded 1874.
Supreme Officers.
Supreme Chief Rangrer— William H. Hunter. B.
A.. Toronto.
Past Supreme Chief Ranger — Victor Morin,
K. C.. Montreal.
Supreme Vice-Chief Ranger— Frank E. Hand.
California.
Supreme Secretary — Fred J. Darch. Temple
building. Toronto.
Supreme Treasurer— Robert Mathison. M. A.,
Temple building. Toronto.
fupreme Physician— Thos. Millman. Toronto,
upreme Counselor— J. D. Clark, Dayton. O.
Total number of members, 186,103.
Benefits disbursed since organization to Dec. 31,
1916. S53.465.512.73.
NATIONAL FRATERNAL CONGRESS OF
AMERICA.
Directory for 1919-1920.
Officers.
President— Hill Montague (Order of the Golden
Seal), Travelers building, Richmond, Va.
Vice-President—George P. Kirby (National
Union Assurance Society), 923 Ohio build-
ing. Toledo, Ohio.
Secretary — W. E. Futch (Locomotive Enginers
Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Asso-
ciation). 1136 B. of L. E. building, Cleve-
land. Ohio.
Treasurer — A. E. King (Brotherhood of Rail-
road Trainmen) , American Trust building,
Cleveland. Ohio.
Executive Committee — The president and vice-
president and A. C. McLean (Protected Home
Circle), P. H. C. Temple, Sharon, Pa.: Henri
Roy (La Societe des Artisans Canadiens-
Francais), 20 St. Denis, Montreal, P. Q.,
Canada: John J. Hynes (Catholic Mutual
Benefit association), Brisbane building, Buf-
falo. N. Y.: F. T. McFaden (Royal Arca-
num). 807 West Grace street, Richmond. Va.:
W. R. Shirley (Brotherhood of American
Yeomen), New Phoenix building, Muskogee.
Okla. ; Harry Wade (Knie-hts of Pythias, in-
surance department). Indiana Pythian build-
ing, Indianapolis, Ind.
Officers of Sections.
Presidents' Section— President, John R. Frazer
(Ancient Order United Workmen of Arkan-
sas). A. O. U. W. building. Little Rock. Ark.:
vice-president. Dr. A. V. Lodge (Sons and
Daughters of Justice), Kansas City. Kas.:
secretary-treasurer, Harry J. Green (Home-
steaders), Securities building. Des Moines.
Secretaries' Section— President. H. V. Davis
(Fraternal Brotherhood). F. B. building. Los
Angeles. Cal.: vir>"-n^«id°nt. Mrs. Dora
Alexander Talley (Woodman Circle). W. O.
W. building. Omaha. Neb.: secretary-treas-
Frye (New England Order of
W. building,
urer, D. M.
Protection). 18 Tremont street. Boston. Mass.:
executive committee. S. A. Oscar (Beavers
Reserve Fund Fraternity). Gay building
Madison. Wis.; John R. Walsh (Mystic
Workers of the World). Fulton 111.
Medical Section— President, Dr. C. Day Clark
(Independent Order of Foresters). Temple
building. Toronto, Ont.. Canada; first vice-
president, Dr. Arthur M. Corwin (North
American Union), 56 West Randolph street.
Chicago, 111.; second vice-president. Dr. wa-
rn"1 ?• Pa;ker (Order of the Golden Seal).
Travelers building. Richmond. Va.: secre-
tary Dr. George G. McConnell (Knights of
Pythias, insurance department). Indiana
Pythian building, Indianapolis, Ind : treasv
urer, Dr. J. P. Smyth (Catholic Order of
Foresters). 5458 State street. Chicago. 111.
Law Section— President. George R. Allen (Fra-
ternal Aid Union). Kansas City, Kas.: vice-
president J. D. Clark (Independent Order of
Foresters), Dayton, Ohio: secretary-treas-
urer A. W. Fulton (National Council of the
Knights and Ladies of Security). Chicag-o.
Press Section— President. Mrs. Elizabeth M
Mehan (Women's Catholic Order of Fores-
ters). 3601 Highland boulevard. Milwaukee
Wis : vice-president. Rev. Alex. McGillivray!
(Independent Order of Foresters). Temple
building, Toronto, Ont.. Canada: secretary-
treasurer. Mrs. Mary MacEachern Baird
(Women's Benefit Association of the Macca-
bees). Home Office building. Port Huron
Mich.: executive committee. Dr. Emma E
Bower (Ladies of the Maccabees), Modern
Maccabee Temple. Port Huron. Mich.; Gil-
bert Howell (Supreme Tribe of Ben-Hur)
Ben-Hur building. Crawfordsville. Ind • A J
Temple. (SPha^TikHOme ^^ ' ^ *' *
W. W. Bryant, chairman, committee on statu-
tory legislation. 412 Grand Avenue Temple
Kansas City. Mo.
W. E. Futch. secretary, committee on statu-
Affiliated Societies.
Following is a list of societies or organiza-
tions affiliated with the National Fraternal
Congress of America with the name and ad-
uress of the secretary or corresponding official
and the benefit membership of each Jan. 1.
1019 '
Alianza Hispano-Americana — E. V
Anaya, P O, box 367, Tucson. Ariz 3488
Alliance Nationale— G. Monet, 395
Viger avenue. Montreal. P. Q., Can. 27,262
American Insurance Union — Dr. George
W. Hoglan. A. I. U. Temple, Colum-
bus, Ohio ................................ 69,829
Ancient Order of Gleaners — Grant Slo-
cum. National Gleaner Temple. De-
troit. Mich ............................. 63947
Ancient Order of United Workmen—
E. J. Moore, Fargo. N. D .........
Ancient Order of United Workmen of
Arkansas — J. R. Frazer. A. O. U W
building. Little Rock. Ark .............. 8623
Ancient Order of United Workmen of
Iowa— W. H. Stowcll. Equitable build-
ing, Des Moinrs. Iowa .................. 11.278
Ancient Order of United Workmen of
Massachusetts — Charles C. Fearing.
H2 Walnut street. Boston. Mass ....... 22,401
Artisans Order of Mutual Protection —
Allen P. Cox, Penn Square building.
Philadelphia. Pa ........................ 15.985
Association Canado-Americaine — Henri
Lang^lier. 1034 Elm street. Manches-
ter, N. H ................................. 12.874
Beavers Reserve F"nd Fraternity — S A.
Oscar. Gay building, Madison. Wis. 22,594
Beneficial Union — Joseph Klaus, 1505-7
Carson ctreet. Pittsburgh. Pa ......... 33,028
364
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Brotherhood of American Yeomen—
W. E. Davy. Yeomen building:. Des
Moinee. lowal 246,661
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen
and Enginemen— A. H. Hawley. Guar-
dian building:, Cleveland, Ohip 108.971
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen —
A. E. King:, American Trust building:,
Cleveland. Ohio 170,601
Catholic Knights of America — Henry
Siemer. 606-610 Mercantile National
Bank building-. St. Louis, Mo 18.459
Catholic Knig-hts of Ohio — C. J.
Anthony. 815 Rose building-. Cleve-
land. Ohio 7,995
Catholic Mutual Benefit Association-
Martin A. Cameron. 188 Main street.
Hornell, N. Y 42,989
Catholic Mutual Benefit Association of
Canada — J. E. H. Howison, Kingston,
Ont., Canada 9.583
Catholic Order of Foresters — Thomas
F. McDonald. 1226-35 Chicag-o Stock
Exchange building-. Chicag-o, 111 150.450
Catholic Women's Benevolent Leg-ion —
Mrs. Sarah E. Skelly. 175 5th ave-
nue. New York. N. Y 14.666
Columbian Circle— N. J. Hein. 704
Masonic Temple. Chicagro, 111 20.271
Columbian Woodmen— E. E. Temple,
Hurt building. Atlanta, Ga 17,330
Court of Honor— W. E. Robinson.
Springfield. Ill 73.935
Degree of Honor. Superior Lodge— ,
Mrs. Kate S. Holmes. 580 Shubert
building. St. Paul. Minn 47,153
Degree of Honor, Grand Lodge of Kan-
sas—Mrs. Georgia Notestine. 915
Mansfield street. Winfield, Kas 7,244
Eastern Star Benevolent Fund of Amer-
ica—Miss M. E. Crowe. 922 Case ave-
nue. Detroit. Mich 1,449
Equitable Fraternal Union — Orrin
Thompson, E. F. U. building. Neenah,
Wis 27,768
First Catholic Slovak Ladies' Union of
the U. S. A.— Maria E. Grega. 9619
Orleans avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 28,697
First Catholic Slovak Union of the
U. S. A.— Michael Senko. 1129 Guar-
dian building. Cleveland. Ohio 51.189
Fraternal Aid Union— L. D. Roberts,
F. A. U. building. Lawrence. Kas.. .104.255
Fraternal Brotherhood— H. V. Davis.
845 South Figueroa street, Los
Angeles, Cal 22.612
Fraternal Mystic Circle — J. D. Myers,
1913 Arch street. Philadelphia. Pa.. 17.252
Fraternal Reserve Association — C. M.
Robinson. F. R. A. building, Osh-
kosh. Wis 11.986
Grand Fraternity— W. E. Gregg, 1626-
28 Arch street. Philadelphia, Pa 11,633
Heralds of Liberty— Emanuel Barrick,
4010-12 Chestnut street. Philadel-
phia, Pa 26,841
Home Benefit Association— W. S. Hali-
burton. 1 Beacon street, Boston. Mass. 4,560
Homesteaders — A. H. Corey, Securities
building. Des Moines, Iowa 28,182
Independent Order Free Sons of Israel
—Henry J. Hyman. 21 West 124th
street. New York. N. Y 7.081
Independent Order of Foresters — F. J.
Darch, Temple building. Toronto,
Ont.. Canada 175,100
Independent Workmen's Circle of
America — Samuel Egdall, 9 Cam-
bridge street. Boston, Maes 5,541
Knights and Ladies of Security — J. V.
Abrahams. Security building, Topeka,
Kas 204.795
Knights of Columbus — William J. Mc-
Ginley, drawer 1670. New Haven,
Conn 128,935
Knights of Pythias. Insurance Depart-
ment— W. G. Powers, Pythian build-
ing, Indianapolis, Ind 72.547
Ladies' Catholic Benevolent Association
—Mrs. J. A. Royer, 443 West llth
street, Erie, Pa 143,151
Ladies of the Maccabees— Miss Emma
E. Bower. M.D., Maccabee Temple,
Port Huron. Mich 42,765
Locomotive Engineers' Mutual Life and
Accident Insurance Association — W.
E. Futch, president, 1136 B. of L. E.
building. Cleveland, Ohio 77,226
Loyal American Life Association — H. D.
Cowan, 35 West Jackson boulevard,
Chicago, 111 16,298
Loyal Association— Frank S. Fetter,
310-12 Union Trust Co. building.
Jersey City, N. J 3,306
La Societe des Artisans Canadiens-
Francais— Henri Roy. 20 St. Denis
street, Montreal. P. Q.. Canada 44,618
L'Union St. Jean-Baptiste d'Amerique
— Elie Vezina. P. O. box 1001. Woon-
socket. R. 1 32.520
L'Union St. Joseph du Canada — Charles
Leclerc. 325 Dalhousie street. Ottawa.
Ont.. Canada 21,708
Maccabees — Thomas Watson, 1021
Woodward avenue. Detroit, Mich .294,800
Masonic Life Association — Nelson O.
Tiffany, president. Masonic Temple.
Buffalo. N. Y 15.400
Masonic Mutual Life Association— Wil-
liam Montgomery. 1621 H street.
Washington. D. C 15.372
Modern Brotherhood of America — E. L.
Balz. Mason City, Iowa 50,216
Modern Order of Praetorians — George
G. Taylor. Praetorian building. Dallas.
Texas 27.923
Modern Samaritans — C. E. Lovett,
Christie building. Duluth. Minn 6.518
Mystic Workers of the World — John
R. Walsh. Fulton. HI 95,294
National Americans — W. H. Luthy,
1020-22 McGee street, Kansas City.
Mo 6.955
National Croatian Society of the U. S.
A.— Joseph Marohnic. 1012 Peralta
street. N. S.. Pittsburgh. Pa 41.727
National Protective Legion— George A.
Scott, Waverly. N. Y 22,129
National Slovak Society of the U.S.A.
—Joseph Durish, 524 4th avenue.
Pittsburgh. Pa 41.997
National Union Assurance Society —
E. A. Myers. National Union build-
ing, Toledo, Ohio 51,212
Neighbors of Woodcraft— J. L. Wright.
394 Taylor street. Portland, Ore 45,585
New England Order of Protection —
D. M. Frye. 18 Tremont street. Bos-
ton. Mass 26,542
North American Union — C. A. Gillespie,
1002 Randborn building, Chicago, 111. 22.533
Order of the Golden Seal — Arthur F.
Bouton. Roxbury, N. Y 9,846
Order of Mutual Protection — G. Del
Vecchio. 1523 Masonic Temple. Chi-
cago. Ill 5,767
Order of United Commercial Travelers
of America— W. D. Murphy. 638
North Park street, Columbus, Ohio.. 75,641
Polish National Alliance of the U. S. A.
—John S. Zawilinski. 1406-8 West Di-
vision street. Chicago, 111 122.952
Polish Union of America — Jacob Dom-
biec. Miners Bank building. Wilkes-
Barre. Pa 19.375
Protected Home Circle— W. S. Palmer.
P. H. C. Temple. Sharon. Pa 102.056
Royal Arcanum — Samuel N. Hog, box
B. Sta. A. Boston. Mass 135.751
ALMANAC AND YE^R-BOOK FOR 1920.
305
Royal League— Charles E. Piper. 1601
Masonic Temple. Chicago. Ill 23.058
Royal Neighbors of America— Dr. Hada
M. Carlson. Rock Island. Ill 371,690
Slovenic National Benefit Society —
John Verderbar. 2657-59 Lawndale
avenue, Chicago, 111.; 18,326
Slovenic Progressive Benefit Society —
William Rus. 1541 West 18th street.
Chicago. Ill 4.754
Sons and Daughters of Justice — Walen
Shaw. Crawford building. Topeka,
Kas 12.709
Sons of Norway— L. Stavnheim. 905
New York Life building. Minneapolis.
Minn 5,754
South Slavonic Catholic Union oi the
U. S. A.— George L. Brozich, Ely,
Minn 7.844
Supreme Tribe of Ben-Hur— John C.
Snyder. Ben-Hur building. Crawfords-
ville. Ind 76.520
Switchmen's Union at North America
— M. R. Welch. 326 Brisbane build-
ing. Buffalo. N. Y 11.301
United American Mechanics. Benevolent
Degree. Junior Order— Stephen Col-
hr.P. box 595. Pittsburgh. Pa 12.378
United. Artisans— G. L. McKenna. 521
Beck building. Portland. Ore 17,004
United Order of Foresters— G. W. Blann.
301 Coiby-Abbott building. Milwau-
kee. V\is 11.682
United Order of the Gplden Cross—
W. R. Cooper. Empire building.
Knoxville. Tenn 15.949
Western CatUolic Union— W. K. Ott.
Illinois State i*?,iik building. Quincy,
111 11.495
Woman's Benefit Association of the
Maccabees— Miss Frances D. Part-
ridge. Home Office building, Port
Huron. Mich 183.56O
Women's Catholic Order cf Foresters-
Miss Anna E. Phelan. 140 North
Dearborn street. Chicago. Ill 75.113
Woodmen Circle — Mrs. Dora A. Talley.
W. O. W. building. Omaha. Neb 208,271
Woodmen of the World — I. I. Boak.
W. O. W. building. Denver. Col 114.166
Zivena Beneficial Society — Mr*. Lud-
mila Rehak. 1118 Braddock avenue.
Braddock. Pa 6.590
Port . Year.
Adelaide. Aus 1916
Aden. Arabia 1917
Alexandria, Egypt. 1916
PRINCIPAL SEAPORTS OF THE WORLD.
NET VESSEL TONNAGE IN FOREIGN TRADE.
[From statistical abstract of the United States.]
Entered. Cleared. Port. Year.
423.000 156,000 Liverpool. Eng.... 1916
1.640.000 1,650.000 London, England.. 1916
967.000 1.344,000 Marseilles. France.1916
Antwerp. Belgium. 1912 13.757.000 13,722.000 , Melbourne, Aus. ..1916
Archangel, Rus... 1915
Baltimore. Md....l918
Barcelona. Spain.. 1916
Bilbao. Spam 1916
Bombay. India.. ..1917
Bordeaux. France.1916
Boston. Mass 1918
Boulogne. France.1916
Bremen, Germany. 1913
Bremerhaven, Ger.1913
Buenos Aires. Arg.1917
Calcutta. India.... 1917
C. Town, U. of S. A. 1917
Cardiff. Wales 1916
Cherbourg. Fr....l916
Colombo. Ceylon.. 1916
939.000
1.797.571
1,760.000
1,380.000
1.698,000
2,824.000
1.487,316
613.000
1,511.000
2,038,000
2.606.000
5,999.000
230.000
4.215,000
Entered.
7,159.000
7.745.000
5.299,000
716,000
4.001,000
6.459.000
1.898,000
2.240.000
5.120,000
3.153,208
861.000 Moji, Japan ....... 1917
1,575,730 Montevideo, Urug.1915
1,422.000 Montreal, Canada.1917
1,364.000 Nagasaki, Japan.. 1917
1.451.0UQ Naples. Italy ..... 1914
1,014,000 New Orleans. La.. 1918
1.045.811 New York. N. Y.1918 10;943;689
317,000 Odessa. Russia. ...1914 1,044.000
1.506.00Q Petrograd. Rus... 1914
1,945,000 Philadelphia. Pa. .1918
3.909,000 ........... ! Piraeus. Greece. ..1914
1.390.000 1.715.000 Port Natal ...... 1917
2.997.000 Riga. Russia ...... 1914
6.163,000 I R. de Janeiro. Bral917
57.000 Rotterdam. Hoi... 1916
4.199.000 S. Francisco. Cal..l918
Cleared.
6.658,000
6.335.000
3.402.000
375,000
4.060,000
6.473,000
1.961.000
2.245.000
5.033.000
3,068.12»
Const'nople. Tur..l913 14,319.000 Santos, Brazil 1917
Copenhagen. Den. .1916
Cork, Ireland 1914
Dunkerque. Fr 1916
Fiume, Austria. ..1912
Fremantle, Aust.,1916
Salveston, Tex.. ..1918
Genoa, Italy 1914
Gibraltar 1915
Glasgow. Scot 1916
Hamburg, Ger 1913 12.997.000 13.192.000
Havana, Cuba 1917 3.698.000 3.692.000
Havre. France 1916 2.642.000 1,112,000
Hongkong-Victoria 1915 9,777.000 9,798.000
Kobe. Japan 1917 5.335.000 5.182,000
Lisbon. Portugal. .1914 9.337.000 9.206.000
1,4'^y.OOO 441.000 Shanghai. China.. 191T
3.120.000 2.954.000 Singapore. Sts. Setsl916
1,201,000 109.000 S'thampton. Eng..l914
2,125,000 2,144,000 Swansea, Eng 1916
736.000 759.000 Sydney, Aust 1916
924,804 999.316 Tampico. Mexico.. 1912
5,336.000 5.119.000 Trieste. Aust 1913
7.158.000 5,553.000 , Tyne Ports. Eng. .1916
1,928.000 2.962.000 ' Valencia. Spain... 1916
Valetta, Malta. ...1915
Vancouver, Can... 1917
Vera Cruz. Mex..l912
Victoria. Canada.. 1917
Vladivostok. Rus. 1915
Yokohama, Japan.1917
1.117.000
1.965.581
4.067.000
2,242.000
772.000
3.067,000
3,192.000
1,173.361
2.034,000
7.810,000
6.602,000
4,652,000
1,631,000
1.079,000
1.521.000
3.466.000
4,358,000
1.144.000
2.373.000
2.043.000
1.447.000
1.976.000
1.246.000
3.348,000
1.081.000
1.067.000
2.118,575
4.055.000
1.839.000
823.000
3.031.000
5.331,000
1.364.803
2.037.000
7.906.000
6.612,000
4.655,000
1.825.000
1,102.000
1.516,000
3.460.000
5,257.000
1,162.000
2.366.000
1,770.000
1.427,000
2.232,000
1,216.000
3,359.000
NATIONAL HYMNS OF
Following Is a list of songs used as national
hymns or anthems in various countries of the
world :
United States— "The Star Spangled Banner."*
"America" and "Hail, Columbia," are also
used as national songs.
Great Britain — "God Save the King."
Germany— "Deutschland Uber Alles" (Germany
Over All) and "Die Wacht am Rhein" (The
Watch on the Rhine).
France — "La Marseillaise."
Austria (before the revolution)— "Gott Erhalte
Unsern Kaiser" (God Preserve Our Emperor) .
Hungary— "Isten Aid Meg a Magyart" (Lord,
Bless the Hungarian).
VARIOUS COUNTRIES.
Belgium— "La Brabanconne" (Son* of the Bra-
bantines).
Denmark— "Kong Kristlan Stod Ved Holen
Mast" (King Christian Stood Beside the ~«fty
Mast).
Norway— "Ja, VI Elsker Dette Landet" (Yes.
We Love This Land).
Sweden— "Foster jorden" (Land of My Birth).
Finland— "Vaart Land" (Our Land).
Italy— "Marcia Reale Italiana" (Royal Italian
March).
Mexico— "Mexicanoa. al Grito de Guerra" (Mex
leans, at the Cry of War).
Wales— "Land of My Fathers."
•Official in navy.
366
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
LEARNED SOCIETIES OF AMERICA.
Aiuld Medical Associations of America-Presi-
dent. Dr. Ignatz Mayer: secretary-treasurer,
Dr L M Ottofy, St. Louis. Mo.
an Academy of Arts and Letters-Presi-
William Dean Howells: chancellor. .Wil-
M. D.. 8037 Jenkins Arcade
University of Pennsylvania
O Howa. Smithsonian
ash
.
Mo
Dr.
A BuUook. 211
it. Mien.
and GaylordLee Clark.
Y • secretary. Charles L Parsons.
Brown. Saranac Lake. N. Y
K Stone. Framingham Center, Mass
lee of Surgeons— President. Dr
Baltimore Md: secretary. Dr. Percy W. Long
Warren House. Harvard university. Cam
AmeriCanM Economic
Prof Henry B. Gardner, Brown university
ro . ,
Providence. R. I.:, secretary Prof Allyn A
ronS. Price, 17 East 38th street. New York
American Folk-Lore Society-President C M
Barbeau- secretary, Dr. Charles
.Peabooy
Soei.ety-President Job
B
Bociety has 3,800 members, 53.600 books and
41.600 maps. It issues two monthly maga-
zines, the Geographical Review and the
Journal of Geography. Its publications also
include a series of monographs (one volume
a year) and occasional special maps. It
maintains a program of semimonthly lectures
from November to April.
American Historical Association— President,
William Roscoe Thayer. Cambridge. Mass.:
secretary. Waldo G. Leland, Carnegie institu-
tion, Washington, D. C.
American Institute of Actuaries— President.
Charles H. Beckett. State Life building.
Indianapolis, Ind.: secretary. Carroll B.
Carr. 600 American Central Life building.
Indianapolis, Ind.
American Institute of Architects— President.
Thomas R. Kimball. Omaha. Neb.: secretary.
William Stanley Parker. 120 Boylston street.
Boston, Mass.: executive secretary, Edward
C. Kemper. the Octagon. Washington. D. C.
merican Institute of Criminal Law and Crimi-
nology— President. Judge Hugo Pam, Chicago,
111.: secretary. Edwin M. Abbott. 1028 Land
Title building, Philadelphia. Pa.
American Institute of Electrical Engineers-
President, Calvert Townley, New York. N.
Y.: secretary. F. L. Hutchinson. 33 West
39th street. New York. N. Y.; membership.
10.787 (Sept. 8. 1919).
American Institute of Homeopathy — Secretary-
treasurer. T. E. Costain. M. D., 829 Marshall
Field building. Chicago. 111.
American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical
Engineers— Secretary. Bradley Stoughton, 29
West 39th street. New York, N. Y.
American Library Association — President.
Chalmers Hadley, public library, Denver,
Col.: secretary and executive officer. George
B. Utley. 78 East Washington street. Chi-
cago. 111.
American Mathematical Society. 501 Weit
116th street. New York. N. Y.— President, L.
E. Dickson. University of Chicago, Chicago,
111.: secretary. F. N. Cole. Columbia univer-
sity. New York, N. Y.: Chicago section, sec-
retary, Arnold Dresden, University of Wis-
consin: San Francisco section, secretary, B. A.
Bernstein, University of California: south-
western section, secretary, O. D. Kellogg.
American Medical Association— President. Alex-
ander Lambert. New York, N. Y.: secretary,
Alexander R. Craig. 635 North Dearborn
street. Chicago. 111.: editor and general man-
ager. George H. Simmons. 535 North Dear-
born street. Chicago. 111.
American Medico-Psychological Association —
President, Henry C. Eyman. M. D.. Massillon.
O.; secretary-treasurer. H. W. Mitchell. M
D., Warren. Pa.
American Microscopical Society — President. L.
E. Griffin, University of Pittsburgh. Pitts-
burgh. Pa.: secretary. Paul S. Welch. Uni-
versity of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich.: treas-
urer, William F. Henderson. Milliken uni-
versity. Decatur, 111.
American Nnture Study Society— President, S.
C. Schmucker, West Chester. Pa.: secretary-
treasurer. Mrs. Anna B. Comstock. Ithaca,
N. Y.: official organ. Nature Study Review.
American Numismatic Society. The— President.
Edward T. Newell; treasurer. John Reilly.
Jr.; curator, Howland Wood: secretary. Syd-
ney P. Noe: society founded 1858: museum.
1907, Broadway at 156th street. New York.
American OpMhalmolopieal SociPtv— President.
Dr Hiram Woods, Baltimore Md.: secretary,
Dr T B Holloway. 1819 Chestnut street.
Philadelphia. Pa.
American Oriental Society— President. Prof.
Charles R. Lannan. Harvard university. Cam-
bridge. Mass.: corresponding1 secretary. Prof.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
367
American Pediatric Society— President. Thomas
S. South-worth, M. D.. New York, N. Y.;
secretary. Howard Childs Carpenter, M. D.,
1805 Spruce street, Philadelphia, Pa.
American Philatelic Society— President, H. H.
Wilson, Brooklyn, N. Y.: secretary. Dr. H.
A. Davis, 3421 Coif ax avenue, Denver, Col.;
organized 1886; it publishes the American
Philatelist, a monthly.
American Philosophical Society (founded 1727)
—President. William B. Scott, vice-presi-
dents. George Ellery Hale. Arthur A. Noyes,
Hampton L. Carson: secretaries. I. Minis
Hays. Arthur W. Goodspeed. Bradley M.
Davis, Harry F. Keller. 104 South 5th street.
Philadelphia, Pa.
American Physical Society— President. Prof. J.
S. Ames, Johns Hopkins university, Baltimore,
Md.: secretary. Prof. Dayton C. Miller. Case
Schpol of Applied Science. Cleveland. O.
American Political Science Association — Presi-
dent. Prof. Henry Jones Ford. Princeton uni-
versity, Princeton, N. J.; secretary and treas-
urer. Prof. Chester Lloyd Jones. University
of Wisconsin. Madison. Wis.
American Public Health Association— President.
Dr. Lee K. Frankel, New York. N. Y.; sec-
retary. A. W. Hedrich, 169 Massachusetts
avenue. Boston. Mass.
American Railway Engineering1 Association-
President. Earl Stimson. Baltimore. Md.;
secretary E. H. Fritch, Chicago. 111.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers —
President, Raymond Olney. St. Joseph. Mo.:
secretary-treasurer, Frederick W. Ives. Ohio
State university. Columbus. O.
American Society of Biological Chemists — Presi-
dent, Carl L. Alsberg. bureau of chemistry.
Washington, D. C.: secretary, Stanley R. Ben-
edict, Cornell University Medical college. New
York, N. Y.
American Society of Civil Engineers— President,
F. S. Curtis: secretary, Charles Warren
Hunt. 33 West 39th street. New York. N. Y.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers —
President, Mortimer E. Cooley: secretary,
Calvin W. Rice, 29 West 39th street. New
York. N. Y.
American Society of Naturalists — President,
Prof. Edward M. East, Harvard university.
Cambridge. Mass.; secretary. Prof. B. M.
Davis. University of Michigan. Ann Arbor,
Michigan.
American Society of Zoologists — President,
C. M. Child. University of Chicago, Chicago,
111.; vice-president, H. H. Wilder, Smith col-
lege. Northampton Mass.; secretary-treasurer,
W. C. Allee. Lake Forest college. Lake For-
est. 111.
American Sociological S9ciety — President.
Frank W. Blackmar, University of Kansas,
Lawrence. Kas.; secretary, Scott E. W. Bed-
ford, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
American Statistical Association — Secretary,
Robert E. Chaddock, Kent hall. Columbia uni-
versity. New York, N. Y.
American Surgical Association — President, Dr.
George E. Brewer. New York, N. Y.; secre-
tary. Dr. John H. Gibbon, 1608 Spruce
street, Philadelphia. Pa.
Archaeological Institute of America (incorpo-
rated by act of congress) — President, Prof. J.
& Egbert, Columbia university. New York,
. Y.: general secretary, Prof. G. M.
Wheeler. Columbia university. New York.
N. Y.
Association of American Law Schools— Presi-
dent, Harlan F. Stone. Columbia university.
New York, N. Y.; secretary-treasurer, F. E.
Gilmore, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Wis.
Franklin Edgerton. University ol Pennsyl-
vania. Philadelphia. Pa.
American Osteopathic Association — President.
Dr. H. W. Conklin. Battle Creek. Mich : sec-
retary. Dr. W. A. Gravatt. Dayton. O.
Botanical Society of America— President, Prof.
G. C. Arthur. Purdue university. Lafayette.
Ind.; secretary. Prof. R. Schramm. Cornell
university. Ithaca. 'N. Y.
Clinical Congress of Surgeons — President. Dr.
William J. Mayo. Rochester. Minn.: secretary-
general. Dr. Franklin H. Martin, Chicago, 111.
Commercial Law League of America— President.
George A. Bacon. Springfield, Mass.; secre-
tary William C. Sprague. Chicago. 111.
Geological Society of America. The— President.
John C. Merriam. Berkeley. Cal.; secretary.
Edmund Otis Hovey. American Museum of
Natural History, New York. N. Y.
International Union of Criminal Law — Secre-
tary of American group. Edwin R.- Keedy.
University of Pennsylvania Law school. Phil-
adelphia. Pa.
National Academy of Sciences — President. Chas.
D. Walcott. Washington. D. C.: home secre-
tary, Charles G. Abbott: assistant secretary.
Paul Brockett. Washington. D. C.: foreign
secretary. George E. Hale. Pasadena, Cal.:
membership, 180 active; 34 foreign (asso-
National Tuberculosis Association— Executive
office. 381 4th avenue. New York. N. Y.:
managing director. Dr. Charles J. Hatfield.
2008 Walnut street. Philadelphia. Pa.: presi-
dent. Dr. Victor C. Vaughan. Ann Arbor,
Mich.; secretary. Dr. Henry Barton Jacobs,
11 Mount Vernon place. West Baltimore. Md.
National Dental Association— President, John
V. Conzett. Dubuque. la.; secretary. Dr.
Otto U. King. Chicago; membership. 25.000.
National Education Association — President.
Josephine Corliss, Olympia, Wash.; secre-
tary . J. W. Crabtree. 1400 Massachusetts
avenue N. W.. Washington, D. C.
National Eclectic Medical Association— Presi-
dent. O. S. Coffin, M. D.. Indianapolis, Ind.:
corresponding secretary. Dr. William N.
Mundy, Forest. O.
National Geographic Society— President, Rear-
Admiral John E. Pillsbury: secretary, O. P.
Austin: director and editor, Gilbert H. K-JroB-
venor; office. National Geographic building,
16th and M streets, Washington. D. C.:
members. 700.000.
National Historical Society. The— President.
Frank Allaben, New York, N. Y.; secretary.
Mabel T. R. Washburn: magazine of the so-
ciety, the Journal of American History,
editor-in-chief, Frank Allaben; genealogical
editor. Mnbel T. R. Washburn. 37 West 39th
street. New York. N. Y.
National Institute of Arts and Letters-^Presi-
dent. Augustus Thomas. New York. N. Y. :
secretary. Ashley H. Thorndike. Columbia
university. New York. N. Y.
National Philatelic Society— President. J. W.
Taylor: secretary -treasurer. A. M. Wrierht.
47 Court street. Boston. Mass. It publishes
its own bulletin, the National Philatelist, a
monthly: membership. 310.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engi-
neers— President, Washington L. Capps: secre-
tary, Daniel H. Cox, 29 West 39th street.
New York. N. Y.
The Mathematical Association of America-
President, H. E. Slaught; vice-presidents.
R. G. D. Richardson and H. L. Rietz: secre-
tary. W. D. Cairns. 27 King street. Oberlin. O.
Western Economic Society — President, Shailer
Mathews. Chicago. 111.: secret -try. H. G. Moul-
ton. University of Chicago. Chicago. 111.
GENERAL NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS.
American Bankers' Association — President.
Richard S. Hawes, St. Louis, Mo.; general
secretary Fred E. Farnsworth, 5 Nassau
street. New York. N. Y.
American Civic Association— President. J. Hor-
ace McFarland. Harrisburg. Pa.: treasurer.
Karl V. S. Rowland. New York. N. Y.: sec-
retary. Eleanor E. Marshall. 913-914 Union
Trust building. Washington. D. C.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
American Humane Association— President. Dr.
William O. Stillman. Albany. N. Y.: secre-
tary. N. J. Walker. Albany. N. Y.: field secre-
tary. S. H. Coleman. Albany. N. Y. : treas-
urer. H. P. Schoenberner. Brooklyn. N. Y.
American National Red Cross— President. Wood-
row Wilson: vice-president. Robert W. De
Forest; chairman executive committee. Liv-
ingston Farrand: treasurer, John Skelton
Williams: counselor, Alexander C. King;
general manager, Frederick C. Munroe; sec-
retary. Stockton Axson.
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals— President. Alfred Wagstaff: sec-
retary. Richard Welling-: general manager.
William K. Horton: office. 50 Madison ave-
nue. New York. N. Y.
Anti-Saloon League of America — President.
Bishop Luther B. Wilson. New York. N. Y.:
secretary. S. E. Nicholson. Richmond. Ind. :
treasurer. Foster Copcland. Columbus. O.:
superintendent, the Rev. Dr. Purley A. Baker.
Bell building. Montgomery, Ala.
Board of Temperance. Prohibition and Public
Morals of the Methodist Episcopal Chuch—
President. Bishop William F. McDowell: gen-
eral secretary. Clarence True Wilson. 204
Pennsylvania avenue. S. E.. Washington. D. C.
General Federation of Women's Clubs— Presi-
dent. Mrs. Josiah Evans Cowles. Los Angeles.
Cal. : recording secretary. Mrs. Adam Weiss.
Del Norte, Col.; corresponding secretary, Mrs.
Mary I. Wood. Portsmouth. N. H.: treasurer.
Mrs. Benjamin B. Clark. Red Oak. Iowa:
auditor. Mrs. William P. Harper. Seattle.
Wash.
Indian Rights Association — President. Herbert
Welsh. Philadelphia. Pa. : corresponding and
recording secretary. Matthew K. Sniffen. 995
Drexel building, Philadelphia, Pa.
International Reform Bureau — 206 Pennsylvania
avenue. S. E.. Washington. D. C.: superin-
tendent and treasurer. Dr. Wilbur F. Crafts:
devoted to suppression of intemperance, im-
purity, sabbath breaking, gambling and kin-
dred evils: also to constructive forms of rec-
reation, bible reading in schools and civic
evangelism.
Investment Bankers Association of America —
President, George H. Hodges. New York.
N. Y.; secretary, Frederick B. Fenton. Fen-
ton, Corrigan & Boyle, Chicago, 111.; assist-
ant secretary. Clayton G. Schray. Chicago. 111.
Lake Mohonk Conferences — Secretary, H. C.
Phillips. Mohonk Lake. N. Y.
League of American Municipalities— President.
Martin Behrman. New Orleans. La.: secretary-
treasurer. Robert E. Lee. Baltimore. Md.
National American Suffrage Association — Presi-
dent. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt: correspond-
ing secretary. Mrs. Frank J. Shuler. 171 Mad-
ison avenue. New York. N. Y.
Natipnal Child Labor Committee— Chairman.
Felix Adler; general secretary. Owen B. Love-
ioy. 105 East 22d street. New York. N. Y.
National Civic Federation. The — Chairman ex-
ecutive council. Ralph M. Easley. 33d floor
Metropolitan tower. New York. N. Y.
National Conference of Social Work (formerly
Charities and Correction) — President. Owen
B. Lovejoy, New York. N. Y.; general secre-
tary. William T. Cross. 315 Plymouth court.
Chicago. 111.
National Council of Women — President. Mrs.
Philip N. Moore. St. Louis. Mo.: correspond-
ing secretary. Miss Lila Taylor, Washington.
D. C.
National Safety Council— President, B. C. Bich-
ards Chicago & Northwestern Railroad com-
pany. Chicago, HI.; general manager. C. W.
Price. 168 North Michigan avenue. Chicago.
111.: secretary. S. J. Williams, 168 North
Michigan avenue, Chicago, ail.; treasurer. K.
A. Hunt. 168 North Michigan avenue. Chi-
cago. 111.; secretary and general manager.
W. H. Cameron 804, 208 South LaSalle
street, Chicago. 111.
National Congress of Mothers and Parent-
Teacher Associations — President. Mrs. Frederic
Schoff. Philadelphia. Pa.: corresponding sec-
retary, Mrs. David O. Mears; executive sec-
retary. Mrs. Arthur C. Watkins; national
headquarters. 1314 Massachusetts avenue.
Washington. D. C.
National Municipal League — President. Lawson
Purdy. New York. N. Y.; secretary. Clinton
Rogers Woodruff. North American building.
Philadelphia. Pa. Purpose : The scientific in-
vestigation by experts of the conditions which
best promote good government.
National Short Ballot Organization — Secretary
and treasurer. Richard S. Childs. New York.
N. Y.: field director. Dr. A. R. Hatton, 8
West 9th street. New York. N. Y.
National Tax Association — President, Nils P.
Haugen, Madison. Wis.; vice-president. Zenas
W. Bliss, Providence, R. I.: secretary and
treasurer, Alfred E. Holcomb. 195 Broadway.
New York, N. Y.
National Woman's Christian Temperance Union
— President. Miss Anna A. Gordon; corre-
sponding secretary. Mrs. Frances P. Parks.
Evanston. 111.
Playground and Recreation Association of
America — President, Joseph Lee. Boston.
Mass.; secretary, H. S. Braucher. 1 Madison
avenue. New York, N. Y.
Press Humorists— ^President. Douglas Malloch.
Chicago. 111.: secretary. Grif Alexander. Phil-
adelphia. Pa.
Year.
WINES AND LIQUORS CONSUMED IN
, wines v , Malt 11
Consump- Per Consump-
tion, capita. tion.
Gallons. Gallons. Gallons.
THE UNITED STATES.
1840 4,873,096 .29 23,310,843
1850 6,315,871 .27 36.563,009
1860 11,059,141 .35 101,346,669
1870 12,225,067 .32 204,756,156
1880 28,098,179 .56 414,220,165
1890 28,945.993 .46 855,792.335
1900 29.988,467 .39 1,221,500,160
1906 46,485,223 .53 1.699,985,642
1907 57,738,848 .65 1,821,867.627
1908 52,121,64fi .58 1,828,732,448
1909 61.779,549 .67 1.752,634,426
1910 60,548,078 .65 1,851,340,256
1911 63,859,232 .67 1,966,911,744
1912 56,424,711 .58 1,932,531,184
1913 55,327,461 .56 2,030,347.372
1914 52,418,430 .52 2,056,407,108
1915 32,911,909 .32 1,855,524,284
1916 47,587.145 .46 1,818,266,448
1917 42,723,376 .41 1,884,265,377
1918 29,702,070 .28 1,556,378,953
S-—-N/-
Per
—Distilled spirits — v
Consump- Per
,— Wines & liquors-N
Per
capita.
tion.
capita.
Total.
capit*.
Gals.
Pf. gallons.
Pf. gals.
Gallons.
Gallons.
1.36
43.060,884
2.52
71,244.823
4.17
1.58
51.833,473
2.23
94,712,353
4.08
3.22
89,968.651
2.86
202,374,461
6.43
5.31
79,895,708
2.07
296,876,931
7.70
8.26
63,526,694
1.27
506,076,400
10.08
13.67
87,829,562
1.40
972,578,878
15.53
16.01
97.248,382
1.27
1,349,176,033
17.79
19.54
127,754,544
1.47
1,874,225,409
21.55
20.56
140.084.436
1.58
2,019,690,911
22.79
20.26
125.379,314
1.39
2,006,233.408
22.22
19.07
121,130,036
1.32
1,935,544.011
21.0«
19.79
133,538,684
1.42
2,045,427,018
22.19
20.66
138,585,989
1.46
2,169.356,695
22.79
19.96
139,496.331
1.44
2,128.452,226
21.98
20.62
147.745,628
1.50
2,233.420,461
22.68
20.54
143,447,227
1.43
2,252,272,765
22.50
18.24
127.159,098
1.25
2,015,595,291
19.80
17.59
139,958,732
1.35
2,005,812,325
19.40
17.94
167,740,325
1.60
2.094,729,078
19.95
14.59
119,926,258
1.12
1,706,007,281
1600
ALMANAC AND rBAR-BOOK *OR 1920.
369
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
September 17. 1787.
PREAMBLE. We. the people of the United
States in order to form a more perfect union,
establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity,
provide for the common defense, promote the
general welfare and secure the blessing's of lib-
erty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain
and establish this constitution for the United
States of America:
ARTICLE I.
Section I. All legislati.ve powers herein grant-
ed shall be vested in a congress of the United
States, which shall consist of a senate and
house of representatives.
Sec. II. 1. The house of representatives shall
be composed of members chosen every second
year by the people of the several states, and
the electors in each state shall have the Qual-
ifications requisite for electors of the most
numerous branch of the state legislature.
2. No person shall be a representative who
shall not have attained to the age of 25 years
§nd been seven years a citizen of the United
tates. and who shall not. when elected, be an
inhabitant of that state in which he shall be
chosen*
3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be
apportioned among: the several states which
may be included within this union, according1
to their respective numbers, which shall be
determined by adding- to the whole number of
free persons, including- those bpund to service
for a term of years, and excluding- Indians not
taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The
actual enumeration shall be made within three
years after the first meeting- of the congress
of the United States, and within every subse-
quent term of ten years, in such manner as
they shall by law direct. The number of rep-
resentatives shall not exceed one for every
80.000. but each state shall have at least one
representative, and until such enumeration
shall be made the state of New Hampshire
shall be entitled to choose three: Massachu-
setts, eight: Rhode Island and Providence Plan-
tations, one: Connecticut, five; New York, six:
New Jersey, four; Pennsylvania, eight; Dela-
ware, one'; Maryland, six; Virginia, ten: North
Carolina, five: South Carolina, five, and Geor-
gia, three.
4. When vacancies happen in the representa-
tion from any state the executive authority
thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such
vacancies.
5. The house of representatives shall choose
their speaker and other officers and shall have
the sole power of impeachment.
Sec. III. 1. The senate of the United States
shall be composed of two senators from each
state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for
six years, and each senator shall have one vote.
2. Immediately after they shall be assembled
in consequence of the first election they shall
be divided, as equally as may be, into three
classes. The seats of the senators of the first
class shall be vacated at the expiration of the
second year: of the second class, at the ex-
piration of the fourth year, and of the third
class at the expiration, of the sixth year, so
that one-third may be chosen every .second year,
and if vacancies happen by resignation or
otherwise, during1 the recess of the legislature
of any state, the executive thereof may make
temporary appointments until the next meet-
ing of the legislature, which shall then fill
such vacancies.
3. No person shall be a senator who shall
not have attained the age of 30 years and
been nine years a citizen of the United States,
and who shall not. when elected, be an inhab-
itant of that state for which he shall be
chosen.
4. The vice-president of the United States
shall be president of the senate, but shall
have no vote unless they be equally divided.
5. The senate shall choose their other offi-
cers and also a president pro tempore in the
absence of the vice-president or when he shall
exercise the office of president of the United
States.
6. The senate shall have the sole power to
try all impeachments. When sitting: for that
purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation.
When the president of the United States is
tried the chief justice shall preside, and no
person shall be convicted without the con-
currence of two-thirds of the members present.
7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall
not extend further than to removal from office
and disqualification to hold and enjoy any
office of honor, trust or profit under the United
States, but the party convicted shall, neverthe-
less, be liable and subject to indictment, trial,
judgment and punishment according1 to 'law.
Sec. IV. 1. The times, places and manner of
holding1 elections for senators and represent-
atives shall be prescribed in each state by the
legislature thereof, but the congress may at
any time, by law, make or alter such regula-
tions, except as to the places of choosing-
senators.
2. The congress shall assemble at least once
in every year, and such meeting- shall be on
the first Monday in December, unless they
shall, by law, appoint a different day.
Sec. V. 1. Each house shall be the judge
of the elections, returns and qualifications of
its own members, and a majority of each shall
constitute a quorum to do business, but a
smaller number may adjourn from day to day.
and may be authorized to compel the attend-
ance of absent members, in such manner and
under such penalties as each house may pro-
vide.
2. Each house may determine the rules of
its proceedings, punish its members for dis-
orderly behavior, and. with the concurrence of
two-thirds, expel a member.
3. Each house shall keep a journal of its
proceedings, and from time to time publish
the same, excepting- such parts as may. in
their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas
and nays of the members of either house, on
any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth
of those present, be entered on the journal.
4. Neither house, during the session of con-
gress, shall, without the consent of the other,
adjourn for more than three days, nor to any
other place than that in which the two
houses shall be sitting1.
Sec. VI. 1. The senators and representatives
shall receive a compensation for their serv-
ices, to be ascertained by law and paid out of
the treasury of the United States. They shall,
in all cases, except treason, felony and breach
of the peace, be privileged from arrest during-
their attendance at the session of their respec-
tive houses and in going- to or returning1 from
the same, and for any speech or debate in
either house they shall not be questioned in
any other place.
2. No senator or representative shall, during'
the time for which he was elected, be ap-
pointed to any civil office under the authority
of the United States which shall have been
created, or the emoluments whereof shall have
been increased, during- such time, and no per-
son holding1 any office under the United States
shall be a member of either house during1 his
continuance in office.
Sec. VII. 1. All bills for raising1 a revenue
shall originate in the house of representatives,
but the senate may propose or concur with
amendments, as on other bills.
2. Every bill which shall have passed the
house of representatives and the senate shall,
before it becomes a law. be presented to the
president ol the United States; if he approve,
he shall sign it. but if not, he shall return it.
370
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
with his objections, to that house in which it
shall have originated, who shall enter the ob-
jections at large on their journal and proceed
to reconsider it. If. alter such reconsideration,
two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass
the bill, it shall be oent, together with the
objections, to the other house, by which il
shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved
by two-thirds of that house it shall become a
law. But in all such cases the votes of both
houses shall be determined by yeas and nays
and the names of the persons voting for and
against the bill shall be entered on the journal
of each house respectively. If any bill shall
not be returned by the president within ten
days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have
been presented to him, the same shall be a
law. in like manner as if ha h-id signed it.
unless the congress, by their adjournment, pre-
vent its return, in which case it shall not be
3. Every order, resolution or vote to which
the concurrence of the senate and house of
representatives may be necessary (except on
question of adjournment) shall be present
to the president of the United States, and be-
fore the same shall take effect shall be ap-
proved by him. or. being disapproved by him*,
shall be repassed by two-thirds of the senate
and house of representatives, according to the
rules and limitations prescribed in case of a
bill.
Sec. VIII. The congress shall have power—
1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts
and excises, to pay the debts and provide for
the common defense and general welfare of the
United States, but all duties, imposts and ex-
cises shall be uniform throughout the United
States.
2. To borrow money on the credit of the
United States.
3. To regulate commerce with foreign na-
tions and among the several states and with
the Indian tribes.
4. To establish a uniform rule of natural-
ization and uniform laws on ilie subject of
bankruptcies throughout the United States.
5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof
and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of
weights and measures.
6. To provide for the punishment of coun-
terfeiting the securities and current coin of the
United States.
7. To establish postoffices and postroads.
8. To promote the progress of science and
useful arts by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to
their respective writings and discoveries.
9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the
Supreme court. To define and punish piracies
and felonies committed on the high seas and
offenses against the law of nations.
10. To declare war, grant letters of marque
and reprisal and make rules concerning cap-
tares on land and water.
11. To raise and support armies, but no ap-
propriation of money to that use shaU be for
a longer term than two years.
12. To provide and maintain a navy.
13. To make rules for the government and
regulation of the land and naval forces.
14. To provide for calling forth the militia
to execute the laws of the union, suppress in-
surrections and repel invasions.
15. To provide for organizing, arming and
disciplining the militia and for governing such
part of them as may be employed in the serv-
ice of the United States, reserving to the states
respectively the appointment of the officers and
the authority of training the militia accoj cl-
ing to the discipline prescribed by congress.
16. To exercise exclusive legislation in all
cases whatsoever over such district (not ex-
ceeding ten miles square) as may. by cession
of particular states and the acceptance of
congress, become the seat of government cf
the United States, and to exercise like author-
ity over all places purchased, by the consent of
the legislature of the state in which the sam«
shall be. for the erection of forts, magazines,
arsenals, dockyards and all other needful build-
ings; and.
17. To make all laws which shall be neces-
sary and proper for carrying into execution the
foregoing powers and all other powers vested
by this constitutipn in the government of the
United States or in any department or officer
thereof.
Sec. IX. 1. The migration or importation
of such persons as any of the states now ex-
isting shall think proper to admit shall not be
prohibited by the congress prior to the year
one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a
tax or duty may be imposed on such importa-
tion, not exceeding 810 for each person.
2. The privilege of the writ of habeas cor-
pus shall not be suspended, unless when, in
cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety
may require it.
3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law
shall be passed.
4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be
laid, unless in proportion to the census or
enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.
6. No tax or duty shall be laid on article*
exported from any state. No preference shall
be given, by any regulation of commerce or
revenue, to the ports of one state over those
of another: nor shell vessels bound to or from
one state be obliged to enter, clear or pay
duties in another.
6. No money shall be drawn from the treas-
ury but in consequence of appropriations mad*
by law, and a regular statement and account
of receipts and expenditures of all public
money shall be published from time to time.
7. No title of nobility shall be granted by
the United States, and no person holding any
office of profit or trust under them shall, with-
ov.t the consent of congress, accept of any
present, emolument, office or title of any kind
whatever from any king, prince or foreign
state.
Sec. X. 1. No state shall enter into any
treaty, alliance or confederation: grant letters
of marque and reprisal: coin money; emit bills
of credit: make anything but gold and silver
coin a tender in payment of debts: pass any
bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law
impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant
any title of nobility.
2. No state shall, without the consent of
the congress, lay any imposts or duties on
imports or exports except what may ba abso-
lutely necessary for executing its inspection
laws, and the net produce of all duties and
imposts laid by any state on imports or ex-
ports shell be for the use of the treasury
of the United States, and all such laws shall
be subject to the revision and control of the
congress. No state shall, without the consent
of congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep
troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter
into any agreement or compact with another
state or with a foreign power or engage in
war, unless actually invaded or in such im-
minent danger as will not admit of delay.
ARTICLE H.
Section I. 1. The executive P9wer shall be
vested in a president of the United States of
America. He shall hold his office during the
term of four years, and together with the vice-
president, chosen for the same term, be elected
as follows:
2. Each state shall appoint, in such manner
as the legislature thereof may direct, a number
of electors, equal to the whole number of
senators and representatives to which the state
may be entitled in the congress, but no senator
or representative or person holding an office of
trust or profit under the United States shall be
appointed an elector.
3. The electors shall meet in their respective
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
371
states and vote by ballot for two persons, of
whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant
of the same state with themselves. And they
shall make a list of all the persons voted for
and of the number of votes for each, which
list they shall sign and certify and transmit
sealed to the seat of government of the United
States, directed to the president of the senate.
The president of the senate shall, in the pres-
ence of the senate and house of representa-
tives, open all the certificates and the votes
shall then be counted. The person having1 the
greatest number of votes shall be the presi-
dent, if such number be a majority of the
whole number of electors appointed, and if
there be more than one who have such major-
ity and have an equal number of votes, then
the house of representatives shall immediately
choose, by ballot, one of them for president;
and if no person have a majority, then from
the five highest on the list the said house
shall, in like manner, choose the president. But
in choosing1 the president the votes shall be
taken by states, the representation from each
state having1 one vote: a quorum for this pur-
pose shall consist of a member or members
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority
£f all the states shall be necessary to a choice.
D every case after the choice of the president
the person having- the greatest number of
votes oi the electors shall be the vice-president.
But if there should remain two or more who
have equal votes the senate shall choose from
them, by ballot, the vice-president. [The fore-
going* provisions were changed by the 12th
amendment.]
4. The congress may determine the time of
choosing the electors and the day on which
they shall give their votes, which day shall be
the same throughout the United States.
6. No person except a natural-born citizen
or a citizen of the United States at the time
of the adoption of this constitution shall be
eligible to the office of president: neither shall
any person be eligible to that office who shall
not have attained to the age of 35 years and
been fourteen years a resident within the
United States.
6. In case of the removal of the president
from office or of his death, resignation or in-
ability to discharge the powers and duties of
the said office, the same shall devolve on the
vice-president: and the congress may, by law.
provide for the case of removal, death, resig-
nation or inability both of the president and
vice-president, declaring what officer shall then
act as president, and such officer shall act ac-
cordingly, until the disability be removed or a
president shall be elected.
7. The president shall, at stated times, re-
ceive for his services a compensation which
shall neither be increased nor diminished dur-
ing the period for which he shall have been
elected, and he shall not receive within that
period any other emolument from the United
States or any of them. •
8. Before he enters on the execution of his
office he shall take the following oath or
affirmation :
I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will
faithfully execute the office of president of
the United States, and will, to the best of my
ability, preserve, protect and defend the con-
stitution of the United States.
Sec. II. 1. The president shall be commander
in chief of the army and navy of the United
States and of the militia of the several states
when called into the actual service of the
United States. He may reuuire the opinion, in
writing, of the principal officer in each of the
executive departments upon any subject relat-
ing to the duties of their respective offices,
and he shall have the power to grant re-
Srieves and pardons for offenses against the
nited States except in cases of impeachment.
2. He shall have power, by and with the
advice and consent of the senate, to make
treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators
present concur, and he shall nominate, and.
by and with the advice and consent of the
senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other pub-
lic ministers and consuls, judges of the Su-
preme court and all pther officers of the United
States whose appointments are not herein
otherwise provided for and which shall be es-
tablished by law. But the congress may. by
law. vest the appointment of such inferior
officers as they shall think proper in the
president alone, in the courts of law or in
the heads of departments.
3. The president shall have power to fill up
all vacancies that may happen during the re-
cess of the senate by granting commissions,
which shall expire at the end of their next
Sec. m. He shall, from time to time, give
to the congress information of the state of
the union and recommend to their considera-
tion such measures as he shall judge necessary
and expedient. He may. on extraordinary occa-
sions, convene both houses or either of them,
and in case of disagreement between them,
with respect to the time of adjournment, he
may adjourn them to such time as he shall
think proper. He shall receive ambassadors
and other public ministers. He shall take care
that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall
commission all officers of the United States.
Sec. IV. The president, vice-president and all
civil officers of the United States shall be re-
moved from office on impeachment for and
conviction of treason, bribery or other high
crimes and misdemeanors.
ARTICLE in.
Section I. The judicial power of the United
States shall be vested in one Supreme court
and in such inferior courts as the congress
may, from time to time, ordain and establish.
The judges, bolh of the Supreme and inferior
coiirts, shall hold their offices during good
behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for
their services a compensation which shall npt
be diminished during their continuance in
office
Sec. n. 1. The judicial power shall extend
to all cases, in law and equity, arising under
this constitution, the laws of the United States
and treaties made or which shall be made,
under their authority: to all cases affecting
ambassadors, other public ministers and con-
suls: to all cases of admiralty and maritime
jurisdiction: to controversies to which the
United States shall be a party; to controversies
between two or more states; between a state
and citizens of another state; between citizens
of different states: between citizens of the
same state claiming lands under grants of dif-
ferent states, and between a state or the citi-
zens thereof and foreign states, citizens or
2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other
public ministers and consuls and those in
which a state shall be a party the Supreme
court shall have original jurisdiction. In all
the other cases before mentioned the Supreme
court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as
to law and fact, with such exceptions and
under such regulations as the congress shall
3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of
impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trials
shall be held in the state where the said
crimes shall have been committed, but when
not committed within any state the trial shall
be at such place or places as the congress may
by law have directed. •
Sec. III. 1. Treason against the United
States shall consist only in levying war
against them or in adhering to their enemies,
giving them aid and comfort. No person shall
be convicted of treason unless on the testimony
of two witnesses to the same overt act or on
confession in open court.
372
ALMANAC AND YE&R-BOOK FOR 1920.
2. The congress shall have power to de-
clare the punishment of treason, but no at-
tainder of treason shall work corruption of
blood or forfeiture except duringr the life of
the person attainted.
ARTICLE IV.
Section I. Full faith and credit shall be
given in each state to the public acts, records
and judicial proceeding's of every other state.
And the congress may, by general laws, pre-
scribe the manner in which such acts, records
and proceedings shall be proved and the effect
thereof.
Sec. II. 1. The citizens of each state shall
be entitled to all privileges and immunities of
citizens in the several states.
2. A person charged in any state with trea-
son, felony or other crime., who shall flee
from justice and be found in another state,
shall, on demand of the executive authority
of the state from which he fled, be delivered
up, to be removed to the state having juris-
diction of the crime.
3. No person held to service or labor in
one state under the laws thereof, escaping into
another, shall, in consequence of any law or
regulation therein, be discharged from such
service or labor, but shall be delivered up on
claim of the party to whom such service or
labor may be due.
Sec. III. 1. New states may be admitted
by the congress of this union, but no new
state shall be formed or erected within the
jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be
formed by the junction of two or more states
or parts of states, without the consent of the
legislatures of the states concerned as well
as of the congress.
2. The congress shall have power to dis-
pose of and make all needful rules and reg-
ulations respecting: the territory or other prop-
erty belonging- to the United States, and noth-
ing in this constitution shall be so construed
as to prejudice any claims of the United States
or ( f any particular state.
Sec. IV. The United States shall guarantee
to every state in this union a republican form
of government, and shall protect each of them
against invasion, and on application of the
legislature or of the executive (when the legis-
lature cannot be convened) against domestic
violence.
ARTICLE V.
The congress, whenever two-thirds of both
bouses shall deem it necessary, shall propose
amendments to this constitution, or, on the
application of the legislatures of two-thirds of
the several states, shall call a convention for
proposing amendments, which, in either case,
shall be valid to all intents and purposes as
part of this constitution when ratified by the
legislatures of three-fourths of the several
states or by conventions in three-fourths
thereof, as the one or the other mode of rati-
fication may be proposed by the congress: pro-
vided, that no amendment which may be made
prior to the year one thousand eight hundred
and eight shall in any manner affect the first
and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the
first article, and that no state, without its con-
sent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in
"" Senate' ARTICLE VI.
Section I. 1. All debts contracted and en-
gagements entered into before the adoption of
this constitution shall be as valid against the
United States under this constitution as under
the confederation.
2. This constitution and the laws of the
United States which shall be made in pursu-
ance thereof, and all treaties made or which
shall be made under authority of the United
States, shall be the supreme law of the land,
and the judges in every state shall be bound
thereby, anything in the constitution or laws
of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.
3. The senators and representatives before
mentioned and the members of the several
state legislatures and all executive and judicial
officers, both of the United States and of the
several states, shall be bound, by oath or
affirmation, to support this constitution, but
no religious test shall ever be required aa a
qualification to any office or public trust tinder
the United States.
ARTICLE VH.
The ratification of the conventions of nine
states shall be sufficient for the establishment
of this constituion between the states so rati-
fying the same.
Done in convention, by the unanimous con-
sent of the states present, the seventeenth day
of September, in the year of our Lord one
thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and
of the independence of the United States of
America the twelfth.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
Proposed by congress and ratified by the
legislatures of the several states, pursuant to
article V. of the original constitution. The
dates given are those showing when each
amendment went into effect or was proclaimed.
I. Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom
of speech or of the press, or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble and to petition
the government for a redress of grievances.
(Dec. 15. 1791.)
II. A well regulated militia being necessary
to the security of a free state, the right of
the people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed. (Dec. 15. 1791.)
III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be
quartered in any house without the consent of
the owner: nor in wartime but in a manner to
be prescribed by law. (Dec. 15. 1791.)
IV. The right of the people to be secure
in their persons, houses, papers and effects
against unreasonable searches and seizures
shall not be violated, and no warrants shall
issue but upon probable cause, supported by
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing
the place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized. (Dec. 15, 1791.)
V. No person shall be held to answer for a
capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on
a presentment or indictment of a grand jury,
except in cases arising in the land or naval
forces or in the militia, when in actual serv-
ice, in time of war or public danger; nor shall
any person be subject for the same offense
to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb:
nor shall he be compelled in any criminal case
to be a witness against himself, nor be de-
prived of life, liberty or property without due
process of law; nor shall private property be
taken for public use without just compensa-
tion. (Dec. 15, 1791.)
VI. In all criminal prosecutions the accused
shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public
trial by an impartial jury of the state and
district wherein the crime shall have been
C9mmitted, which district shall have been pre-
viously ascertained by law. and to be informed
of the nature and cause of the accusation;
to be confronted with the witnesses against
him; to have compulsory process for obtaining
witnesses in his favor, and to have the assist-
ance of counsel for his defense. (Dec. 15,
1791.)
VII. In suits at common law, where the
value in controversy shall exceed $20. the
right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and
no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-
examined in any court of the United States
than according to the rules of the common
law. (Dec. 15. 1791.)
VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required,
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un-
usual punishments inflicted. (Dec. 15. 1791.)
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
373
IX. The enumeration in the constitution of
certain rights shall not be construed to deny
or disparage others retained by the people.
(Dec. 15, 1791.)
X. The powers not delegated to the United
States by the constitution nor prohibited by
it to the states are preserved to the states re-
spectively or to the people. (Dec. 15, 1791.)
XI. The judicial power of the United States
shall not be construed to extend to any suit
in law or equity commenced or prosecuted
against one of the United States by citizens
of another state or by citizens or subjects of
any foreign state. (Jan. 8, 1798.)
XII. Section 1. The electors shall meet in
their respective states and vote by ballot for
president and vice-president, one of whom at
least shall not be an inhabitant of the same
state with themselves: they shall name in
their ballots the person voted for as president,
and in distinct ballots the person voted for
as vice-president, and they shall make distinct
lists of all persons voted for as president and
of all persons voted for as vice-president, and
of the number of votes for each, which list
they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed
to the seat of the government of the United
States, directed to the president of the senate;
the president of the senate shall, in the pres-
ence of the senate and house of representa-
tives, open all the certificates and the votes
shall then be counted: the person having- the
greatest number of votes for president shall
be the president, if such number be a major-
ity of the whole number of electors appointed,
and if no person have such majority, then
from the persons having the highest numbers,
not exceeding three, on the list of those voted
for as president, the house of representatives
ehall choose immediately, by ballot, for presi-
dent. But in choosing the president the votes
ehall be taken by states, the representation
from each state having1 one vote; a quorum
for this purpose shall consist of a member or
members from two-thirds of the states, and a
majority of all the states shall be necessary
to a choice. And if the house of representa-
tives shall not choose a president whenever
the right of choice shall devolve upon them
before the fourth day of March next follow-
ing, then the vice-president shall act as presi-
dent, as in the case of the death or other
constitutional disability of the president.
Sec. 2. The person haying the greatest num-
ber of votes as vice-president shall be the vice-
president, if such number be a majority of the
whole number of electors appointed, and if no
person have a majority, then from the two
highest numbers on the list the senate shall
choose a vice-president. A quorum for the
purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the
whole number of senators and a majority of
the whole number shall be necessary to a
choice.
Sec. 3. But no person constitutionally in-
eligible to the office of president shall be eligi-
ble to that of vice-president of the United
States. (Sept. 28, 1804.)
XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor invol-
untary servitude, except as a punishment for
crime, whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the United States
or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Sec. 2. Congress shall have the power to
enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
(Dec. 18. 1865.)
XIV. Section 1. All persons born or natural-
ized in the United States and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United
States and of the state wherein they reside.
No state shall make or enforce any law which
shall abridge the privileges or immunities of
citizens of the United States, nor shall any
state deprive any person of life, liberty or
property without due process of law, nor deny
to any person within its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the laws.
Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned
among the several states according- to their re-
spective numbers, counting the whole num-
ber of persons in each state, excluding Indiana
not taxed. But when the right to vote at any
election for the choice of electors for presi-
dent and vice-president of the United States
representatives in congress, the executive and
judicial officers of a state or the members of
the legislature thereof is denied to any of the
male inhabitants of such state, being 21 years
of age and citizens of the United States, or
in any way abridged, except for participation
in rebellion or other crime, the basis of rep-
resentation therein shall be reduced in the pro-
portion which the number of such male citi-
zens shall bear to the whole number of male
Citizens 21 years of age in such state.
Sec. 8. No person shall be a senator or rem
resentative in congress or elector of president
and vice-president, or hold any office, civil or
military under the United States, or under
any state, who. having previously taken the
oath as a member of congress or as an officer
of the United States, or as a member of any
state legislature, or as an executive or judi-
cial officer of any state, to support the con-
stitution of the United States, shall have en-
gaged in insurrection or rebellion against the
same or grven aid or comfort to the enemies
lh?wT° * But congress may, by a vote of two-
thirds of each house, remove such disability.
*i,SeCrT t' J^e validity of the public debt of
the United . States, authorized by law, includ-
ing- debts incurred for payment of pensions
and bounties for services in suppressing insur-
R6,?t Ori-n,r ?%S*il&tl£Sa& not be Questioned.
But neither the United States nor any state
shall assume or pay any debt or obligation
incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion
against the United States or any claim for the
10S1 °Ji eman«Pation of any slave, but all
SSwNi&fr orations and claims shall be
held illegal and void.
Sec. 5. The congress shall have the power
to enforce by appropriate legislation the pro-
visions of this article. (July 28, 1868.)
rrS&a Scetct*ion +1' The rigrht of citizens of the
HSL*?" States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or any state on
of Servitude raCC> C0l°r °r previous condition
Sec. 3. The congress shall have power to
Odarch 8t?1870? * appropriate legislation.
XVI. The congress shall have power to lay
and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever
source derived, without apportionment among-
the several states, and without regard to any
census or enumeration.
XVn. Section 1. The senate of the United
States shall be composed of two senators from
each state, elected by the people thereof, for
six years: and each senator shall have one
vote. The electors in each state shall have
the qualifications requisite for electors of the
most numerous branch of the state legislature.
Sec. 2. When vacancies happen in the rep-
resentation of any state in the senate, the
executive authority of such state shall issue
writs of election to fill such vacancies: pro-
vided, that the legislature of any state may
empower the executive thereof to make tem-
porary appointment until the people fill the
vacancies by election as the legislature may
direct.
Sec. 3. This amendment shall not be so con-
strued as to affect the election or term of any
senator chosen before it becomes valid as part
of the constitution. (May 31. 1913.)
XVm. Section 1. After one year from the
ratification of this article, the manufacture,
sale or transportation of intoxicating- liquors
within, the importation thereof into, or the
exportation thereof from the United States and
374
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof
for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Sec. 2. The congress and the several states
shall have concurrent power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
Sec. 3. This article shall be inoperative un-
less it shall have been ratified as an amend-
ment to the constitution by the legislatures
of the several states, as provided in the con-
stitution, within seven years from the date of
the submission hereof to the states by con-
gress.
[The foregoing- article was ratified Jan. 16.
ly ly .J
THE AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
The unanimous declaration of the thirteen
United States of America, in congress, July 4,
1776.
When, in the course of human events, it be-
comes necessary for one people to dissolve the
political bands which have connected them
•with another, and to assume among the powers
of the earth the separate and equal station to
which the laws of nature and of nature's God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions
of mankind requires that they should declare
the causes which impel them to the separatior
We hold these truths to be self-evident: Tha
all men are created equal: that they are en
dowed by their Creator with certain inalienabl
rights: that among these are liie. liberty an
the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these
rights, governments are instituted among men
deriving their just powers from the consen
of the governed: that, whenever any form o
government becomes destructive of these ends
it is the right of the people to alt.r or t
abolish it. and to institute a new government
laying its foundation on such principle:!, anc
organizing its powers in such form, as to them
shall seem most likely to effect their safety
and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictau
that governments long established should no
be c. anged for light and transient causes
and accordingly all experience hath shown tha
mankind are more disposed to suffer, whili
evils are sufferable. than to right themselve
by abolishing the forms to which they are
accustomed. But when a long train of abuse
and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same
object, evinces a design to reduce them undei
absolute despotism, it is their right, it is thei
duty, to throw off such government and to pro
vide new guards for their future security
Such has been the patient suffering of these
colonies, and such is now the necessity which
constrains them to alter their former systems
of government. The history
king of Great Britnin is a hi
injuries and usurpations.
of the present
tory of repeated
having in direcl
of an absolute
prove this, lei
world,
to laws the most
the public good.
object the establishment
tyranny over these states. To
facts be submitted to a candid
He has refused his assent
wholesome and necessary for
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws
of immediate and pressing importance, unless
suspended in their operation till his assent
should be obtained, and. when so suspended,
he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the
accommodation of large districts of people, un-
less those people would relinquish the right of
representation in the legislature— a right ines-
timable to them and formidable to tyrants
only.
He has called together legislative bodies, at
Places unusu?l. uncomfortable and distant
from the repository of their public records,
for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into
compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved r-presentative houses re-
peatedly for onposing with manly firmness his
invasions on the rights of the p<*opl«
j-i 3s re*U9ed for a long time after such
dissolutions to crmse others to be elected:
wh^r^y .the Tgislativ« powers, incapable of
annihilation, have returned to the p^onle at
larg° for th"ir exercise: the state remaining,
in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers
Of Invasion from without and convulsions
within.
.He has endeavored to prevent the popula-
tion of these states: for thnt purpose ob-
structing th° .laws for naturalization of for-
eigners: refusing to pass others to encourage
their migration hither, and raising the con-
ditions 01 new appropriations of lands
He has obstructed the administration 'of jus-
tice by refusing his assent to laws for estab-
lishing his judiciary powers
He has made judges dependent on his will
alone for the tenure of their office" and The
amount and payment of their salaries
He has erected a multitude of new"' offices
and sent hither swarms of officers to hara«
our people and eat out thei? substance ^
He has kept among us. in times of r>pa™>
WUhOUt the «5BUr of our
rJ^ kas /ffected to render the military inde-
pendent of and. superior to the civil power
°f
For protecting them by a mock trial
Punishment for any mu-dera i which th<
should commit on the inhabitanTs of thew
the0wo°riaVnfir °fl OUr trade ^ih aU parts of
nt0-1" imposin8r taxes on us without our con-
Cases of the *»-
seas to be
law°sr in ao?ngf ^ro^cT
therein an arbitrary government, and enlar?
ing its boundaries so as to render it at once
an example and fit instrument for introducing
the same absolute rule into these colonies-
For taking away our charters abolishing
our most valuable laws and altering funda^
mentally the forms of our governments-
For suspending our own legislatures and de-
claring themselves invested with power to leg-
islate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here by de-
claring us out of his protection and wag-ing
war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our
coasts, burnt our towns and destroyed the
lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large armies
of foreign mercenaries to complete the work
of death, desolation and tyranny already be-
gun. with circumstances of cruelty and per-
fidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous
ages and totally unworthy the head of a
civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow citizens taken
captive upon the high seas to bear arms
3gainst their country, to become the execu-
ioners of their friends and brethren or to
all themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrection amongst
s. and has endeavored, to bring on the in-
labitants of o^.ir frontiers the merciless In-
ian sa-t-ag°s. whose known rule of warfare is
n urdi=ti-g"i-h'd destruction of all ages.
exes and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions we have
>etitioned for redress, in the most humble
erms: our repeated petitions have been an-
wered only by repeated injury. A prince
/hose character is thus marked by every act
which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the
uler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to
ur British brethren. We have warned them.
rom time to time, of attfmnts V>y thHr l^g.
ture to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
375
over us. We have reminded them of the cir-
New Hampshire:
Benjamin Rush.
cumstances of our emigration and settlement
Josiah Bartlett.
Benjamin Franklin.
here. We have appealed to their native jus-
William Whipple.
John Morton.
tice and magnanimity, and we have conjured
Matthew Thornton.
George Clymer.
them by the ties of our common kindred, to
disavow these usurpations, which would in-
evitably interrupt our connections and cor-
respondence. Ihey, too. have been deaf to
the voice of justice and consanguinity. We
must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity
which denounces our separation, and hold
them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies
in war: in peace, friends.
Massachusetts Bay:
Samuel Adams.
John Adams;
Robert Treat Paine.
Elbridge Gerry.
Rhode Island. Etc.:
Stephen Hopkins.
William Ellery.
James Smith.
George Taylor.
James Wilson.
George Ross.
Maryland:
Samuel Chase.
William Paca.
Thomas Stone.
We. therefore, the representatives of the
United States of America, in general congress
Connecticut :
Roger Sherman.
Charles Carroll of
Carrollton.
assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of
the World for the rectitude of our intentions.
Samuel Huntington.
William Williams.
Virginia :
George Wythe.
do. in the name and by the authority of the
good people of these colonies, solemnly pub-
lish and declare that these united colonies are.
and of right ought to be. free and independent
states: that th~y are absolved from all alle-
giance to the British crown, and that all po-
litical connection between them and the state
Oliver Wolcott.
New York:
William Floyd.
Philip Livingston.
Francis Lewis.
Lewis Morris.
§;hard Henry Lee.
omas Jefferson,
njamin Harrison,
omas Nelson. Jr.
ancis Lightf oot Lee.
Carter Braxton.
North Carolina:
of Great Britain is. and ought to be. totally
dissolved: and that as free and independent
states they have full power to levy war. con-
clude peace, contract alliances, establish com-
merce and to do all other acts and things
which independent states may of right do.
And for the support of this declaration, with a
firm reliance on the protection of Divine Prov-
New Jersey :
Richard Stockton.
John Witherspoon.
Francis Hopkinson.
John Hart.
Abraham Clark.
Delaware: ^
Ca3sar Rodney.
William Hooper.
Joseph Hewes.
John Penn.
South Carolina:
Edward Rutledge.
Thomas Heyward. Jr.
Thomas Lynch. Jr.
Arthur Middleton.
idence, we mutually pledge to each other our
lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.
George Read.
Thomas McKean.
Georgia :
Button Gwinnett.
The foregoing declaration was, by order of
Pennsylvania :
Lyman Hall.
congress, engrossed and signed by the follow-
ing members: JOHN HANCOCK.
Robert Morris.
George Walton.
LEADING ART GALLERIES OF THE WORLD.
The following list includes only the principal collections of paintings and sculptures readily
accessible to the public in Europe and America.
EUROPE.
Austria-Hungary.
Academy of Art, Vienna.
Albertina, Vienna.
Imperial art gallery, Vienna.
Liechtenstein gallery, Vienna.
National gaJery. Budapest.
Belgium.
Museum, Antwerp.
Palace of Fine Arts, Brussels.
Musee Wiertz, Brussels.
Denmark.
Thorvaldsen museum, Copen-
Ny-lfarlsberg Glyptothek, Co-
penhagen.
National art gallery, Copen-
hagen.
France.
Louvre,* Paris.
Luxembourg, Paria.
Museum, Versailles.
Germany.
National gallery. Berlin.
Old and New museums, Ber-
lin.
Pergamon museum, Berlin.
Emperor Frederick museum,
Berhn.
Dresden gallery,* Dresden.
Old and New Pmakothek,*
Munich.
Glyptothek, Munich.
Holland.
Ryks museum. Amsterdam.
Fodor museum, Amsterdam.
Six Collection, Amsterdam.
Townhall, Haarlem.
Lakenhal, Leyden.
Boymans* museum, Rotterdam.
Mauritshuis, The Hague.
Italy.
Vatican.* Rome.
Uffizi gallery.* Florence.
Pitti gallery,* Florence^
Drera gallery, Milan.
Poldi museum, Milan.
National museum, Naples.
Academy of Fine Arts. Venice.
Noncay.
National gallery. Christiania.
Russia.
Hermitage, Fetrograd.
Spain.
Museo del Prado.* Madrid.
Museo Provincial. Seville.
Sweden.
National gallery, Stockholm.
United Kingdom.
British museum, London.
National gallery.* London.
Dore gallery. London.
Walker art gallery, Liverpool.
Art galleries. Glasgow.
AMERICA.
Canada.
Fraser institute. Montreal.
The Basilica, Quebec.
Mexico.
National museum. City of
Mexico.
United States.
Art institute, Chicago, HI.
Art museum, Cincinnati. O.
Art museum. Cleveland. Ohio.
Art museum, Worcester. Mass.
Carnegie institute, Pittsburgh.
Pa.
Corcoran art gallery, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Layton art gallery, Milwau-
kee, Wis.
Lenox collection, public li-
brary. New York. N. Y.
Metropolitas Museum of Art.*
New York, N. Y.
Museum of Art, Toledo. O.
Museum of Fine Arts. Boston,
Museum of Fine Arts, St.
Louis, Mo.
New York Historical society,
New York, N. Y.
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine
Arts. Philadelphia, Pa.
*Of first rank.
ALASKAN SEAL
From the 1918 census of the fur seal on
the Pribilof islands. Alaska, it appears that
the herd is increasing. In 1917 the total
number of animals in the herd was 468.692.
while in 1918 the approximate number was
496600. In 1888 it was estimated that the
number of seals on the PribO of islands alone
amounted to about 2.500.000. The killing of
HERD CENSUS.
seals was carried on at such rate both at
sea and on land that the herd decreased so
rapidly as to threaten its extinction. In 1911
a treaty was negotiated between the United
States, Great Britain and Russia suspending
pelagic sealing for a period of fifteen years
and land sealing entirely for five years and to
a limited extent for nine years longer.
376
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS.
Following are the closing: paragraphs of
Washington's farewell address tc the people of
the United States Sept. 17. 1796. on his ap-
proaching- retirement from the presidency.
They relate more particularly to international
"Observe good faith and justice toward all
nations. Cultivate peace and harmony with
all Religion and morality enjoin this con-
duct. And can it.be that good policy does not
equally enjoin it? It will be worthy .of a
free enlightened, and at no distant period .a
treat nation to give to mankind the magnani-
mous and too novel example of a people
always guided by an exalted justice and benev-
olence. Who can doubt that in the course of
time and things the fruits of such a plan
would richly repay any temporary advantages
which might be lost by a steady adherence to
it? Can it be that Providence has not con-
nected the permanent felicity of a nation with
its virtue? The experiment, at least, is recom-
mended by every sentiment which ennobles
human nature. Alas! is it rendered impossi-
ble by its vices?
"In the execution of such a plan nothing0 is
more essential than that permanent, inveterate
antipathies against particular nations and pas-
sionate attachments for others should be ex-
cluded, and that in place of them just and
amicable feelings toward all should be culti-
vated. The nation which indulges toward an-
other an habitual hatred or an habitual fond-
ness is in some degree a slave. It is a slave
to its animosity or to its affection, either of
which is sufficient to lead it astray from its
duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation
against another disposes each more readily to
offer insult and injury, to lay hold of slight
causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and
intractable when accidental or trifling occa-
sions of dispute occur.
"Hence frequent collisions, obstinate, en-
venomed and bloody contests. The nation
prompted by ill will and resentment sometimes
impels to war the government centre ry to the
best calculations of policy. The government
sometimes participates in the national propen-
sity and adopts through passion what reason
would reject. At other times it makes the
animosity of the nation subservient to projects
of hostility, instigated by pride, ambition and
other sinister and pernicious motives The
peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty, of
nations has been the victim.
"So. likewise, a passionate attachment of
one nation for another produces a variety of
evils. Sympathy for the favorite nation,
facilitating the illusion of an imaginary com-
mon interest in cases where no real common
interest exists, and infusing into one the
enmities of the other, betrays the former into
a participation in the quarrels and wars of
the latter without adequate inducement or
justification. It leads also to concessions to
the favorite nation of privileges denied to
others, which is apt doubly to injure the na-
tion making the concessions by unnecessarily
parting with what ought to have been re-
tained, and by exciting jealousy, ill will, and
a disposition to retaliate in the parties from
whom equal privileges are withheld: and it
gives to ambitious, corrupted or deluded citi-
zens (who devote themselves to the favorite
nation) facility to betray or sacrifice the in-
terests of their own country without odium,
sometimes even with popularity, gilding with
the appearances of a virtuous sense of obli-
gation, a commendable deference for public
opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good,
the base or foolish compliances of ambition,
corruption or infatuation.
"As avenues to foreign influence in innu-
fierable ways, such attachments are particu-
larly alarming: to the truly enlightened and in-
dependent patriot. How many opportunities do
they afford to tamper with domestic factions,
to practice the arts of seduction, to mislead
public opinion, to influence or awe the public
councils ! Such an attachment of a small or
weak toward a great and powerful nation
dooms the former to be the satellite of the
latter. Against the insidious wiles of for-
eign influence (I conjure you to believe me,
fellow citizens) the jealousy of a free people
ought to be constantly awake, since history
and experience prove that foreign influence is
one of the most baneful foes of republican
government. But that jealousy, to be useful
must be impartial, else it becomes the instru-
ment of the very influence to be avoided, in-
stead of a defense against it. Excessive par-
tiality for one foreign nation and excessive dis-
like of another cause those whom they actu-
ate to see danger only on one side, and serve
to veil and even second the arts of influence
on the other. Real patriots who may resist
the intng-ues of the favorite are liable to be-
come suspected and odious, while its tools and
dupes usurp the applause and confidence of tha
people to surrender their interests.
"The great rule of conduct for us in regard
to fpreign nations is in extending our com-
mercial relations to have with them as little
political connection as possible. So far as we
have already formed engagements let them be
fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us
stop.
"Europe has a set of primary interests which
to us have none or a very remote relation.
Hence she must be engaged in frequent con-
troversies, the causes of which are essentially
foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it
must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves
by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of
her politics or the ordinary combinations and
collisions of her frendships or enmities.
"Our detached and distant situation invites
and enables us to pursue a different course. If
we remain one people, under an efficient gov-
ernment, the period is not far off when we
may defy material injury from external an-
noyance; when we may take such an attitude
as will cause the neutrality we may at any
time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected;
when belligerent nations, under the impossibil-
ity of making acquisitions upon us, will not
lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when
we may choose peace or war. as our interest,
guided by justice, shall counsel.
"Why forego the advantages of so peculiar
a situation? Why quit our own to stand upon
foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our
destiny with that of any part of Europe, en-
tangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of
European ambition, rivalship. interest, humor
or caprice?
"It is our true policy to steer clear of perma-
nent alliances with any portion of the f9reign
world, so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty
to do it: for let me not be understood as
capable of patronizing infidelity to existing-
engagements. I hold the maxim no less ap-
plicable to public than to private affairs that
honesty is always the best policy. I repeat,
therefore, let those engagements be observed
in their genuine sense. But in my opinion it is
unnecessary and would be unwise to extend
them.
"Taking care always to keep ourselves by
suitable establishments on a respectable de-
fensive posture, we may safely trust to tem-
porary alliances for extraordinary emergencies.
"Harmony, liberal intercourse with all na-
tions are recommended by policy, humanity and
interest. But even our commercial policy
should hold an equal and impartial hand, nei-
ther seeking nor granting exclusive favors or
preferences; consulting the natural course of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
377
thing's: diffusing and diversifying by gentle
means the streams of commerce, but forcing
nothing; establishing with powers so disposed.
in order to give trade a stable course, to de-
fine the rights of our merchants, and to enable
the government to support them, conventional
rules of intercourse, the best that present cir-
cumstances and mutual opinion will permit,
but temporary and liable to be from time to
time abandoned or varied as experience and
circumstances shall dictate: constantly keeping
in view that it is folly in one nation to look
for disinterested favors from another; that it
must pay with a portion of its independence
for whatever it may accept under that char-
acter; that by such acceptance it may place
itself in the condition of having given equiva-
lents for nominal favors, and yet of being re-
proached with ingratitude for not giving more.
There can be no greater error than to expect
or calculate upon real favors from nation to
nation. It is an illusion which experience
must cure, which a just pride ought to dis-
card.
"In offering to you. my countrymen, these
counsels of an old and affectionate friend. I
dare not hope they will make the strong and
lasting impression I could wish — that they will
control the usual current of the passions or
prevent our nation from running the course
which has hitherto marked the destiny of na-
tions. But if I may even flatter myself that
they may be productive of some partial bene-
fit, some occasional good— that they may now
and then recur to moderate the fury of party
spirit, to warn against the mischiefs of for-
eign intrigue, to guard against the impostures
of pretended patriotism — this hope will be a
full recompense for the solicitude for your
welfare by which they have been dictated.
"How far in the discharge of my official du-
ties I have been guided by the principles which
have been delineated the public records and
other evidences of my conduct must witness to
you and to the world. To myself, the as-
surance of my own conscience is that I have
at least believed myself to be guided by them.
"In relation to the still subsisting war in
Europe my proclamation of the 22d of April.
1793. is the index to my plan. Sanctioned by
your approving voice and by that of your rep-
resentatives in both houses of congress, the
spirit of that measure has continually gov-
erned me, uninfluenced by any attempts to
deter or divert me from it.
"After deliberate examination, with the aid
of the best lights I could obtain. I was well
satisfied that our country, under all the cir-
cumstances of the case, had a right to take
and was bound in duty and interest to take a
neutral position. Having taken it, I deter*
mined as far as should depend upon me to
maintain it with moderation, perseverance and
firmness.
"The considerations which respect the right
to hold this conduct it is not necessary on
this occasion to detail. I will only OLserva
that, according to my understanding of the
matter, that right, so far from being denied
by any of the belligerent powers, has been vir-
tually admitted by all.
"The duty of holding a neutral conduct may
be inferred, without anything more, from the
obligation which justice and humanity impose-
on every nation, in cases in which it is free
to act. to maintain inviolate the relations of
peace and amity toward other nations.
"The inducements of interest for observing*
that conduct will best be referred to your own
reflections and experience. With me a pre-
dominant motive has been to endeavor to gain
time to our country to settle and mature its
yet recent institutions, and to progress with-
out interruption to that degree of strength and
consistency which is necessary to give "it. hu-
manly speaking, the command of its own
fortunes."
LINCOLN'S GETTYSBURG SPEECH.
(Address at the dedication of Gettysburg1
cemetery. Nov. 19. 1863.)
Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent a new na-
tion, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war.
testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
We are met on a great battle field of that
war. We have come to dedicate a portion of
that field as a final resting place of those
who here gave their lives that that nation
might live. It is altogether fitting and proper
that we should do this.
But. in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate —
we cannot consecrate — we cannot hallow — this
around. The brave men. living and dead.
who struggled here have consecrated it. far
above our poor power to add or detract. The
world will little note, nor loner remember what
we say here, but it can never forget what
they did here. It is for us the living, rather,
to be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus far so
nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be
here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us — that from these honored dead we
take increased devotion to that cause for which
they gave the last full measure of devotion —
that we here highly resolve that these d.ead
shall not have died in v;.in — that this nation,
under God. shall have a new birth of freedom
—and that government of the people, by the
people, for the people shall not perish from
the earth.
THE INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC OF 1918.
In an article published Aug. 8. 1919, on
certain general statistical aspects of the 1918
epidemic of influenza, Raymond Pearl, profes-
sor of biometry and vital statistics at the
Johns Hopkins university, says: "The pandemic
of influenza which swept over the world in
1918 was the most severe outbreak of this
disease which has ever been known and it
takes an unpleasantly high rank in the roster
of epidemics generally. It is certainly impos-
sible now and perhaps always will be to make
any precise statement of the number of people
who lost their lives because of this epidemic.
But it is certain that the total is an appalling
one. Undoubtedly a great many more people
died from this cause than from all causes di-
rectly connected with the military operations
of the great war. In the United States alone
conservative estimates place the deaths from
the influenza epidemic at not less than 550, 000.
which is approximately five times the number
(111.179) of Americans officially stated
(April 30. 1919) to have lost their lives from
all causes in the war. And the end of the
epidemic is by no means yet reached. In
England and Wales the curve of mortality from
influenza was even in 1907. seventeen years
after the epidemic of 1890. higher than it
was in any of the forty years preceding 1890.
The decline in the mortality rate after the
1848 epidemic in Great Bntain was similarly
slow. There is no evident reason to suppose
that the conditions following the first explo-
sion of the present epidemic will be essen-
tially different from those which obtained in
the earlier cases."
378.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO
May 20. 1919.
CONGRESS.
Owing to his absence in Paris, France, as
a delegate to the peace conference President
Wilson cabled his message to the 66th con-
gress, called into special session by him. It
was read in both houses on May 20, 1919,
and was as follows:
"Gentlemen of the Congress:
"I deeply regret my inability to be present
at the opening of the extraordinary session
of congress. It still seems to be my duty to
take part in the councils of the peace con-
ference and contribute what I can to the so-
lution of the innumerable questions to whose
settlement it has had to address itself. For
they are questions which affect the peace of
the whole world and from them, therefore,
the United States cannot stand apart.
"I deemed it my duty to call the congress
together at this time because it was not wise
to postpone longer the provisions which must
be made for the support of the government.
Many of the appropriations which are abso-
lutely necessary for the maintenance of the
frovernment and the fulfillment of its varied
obligations for the fiscal year 1919-1920 have
not yet been made: the end of the present
fiscal year is at hand, and action upon these
appropriations can no longer be prudently
delayed. It is necessary, therefore, that I
should immediately call your attention to this
critical need. It is hardly necessary for me
to urge that it may receive your prompt at-
tention.
TO DISCUSS TREATY LATER.
"I shall take the liberty of addressing- you
on my return on the subjects which have
most engrossed our attention and the atten-
tion of the world during these last anxious
months, since the armistice of last November
was signed, the international settlements
which must form the subject matter of the
present treaties of peace and of our national
action in the immediate future. It wou'.d be
premature to discuss them or to express a
judgment about them before they are brought
to their complete formulation by the agree-
ments which are now being sought at the
table of the conference. I shall hope to lay
them before you in their many aspects so
soon as arrangements have been reached.
"I hesitate to venture any opinion or press
any recommendation with regard to domestic
legislation while absent from the United States
and out of daily touch with intimate sources
of information and counsel. I am conscious
that I need, after so long an absence from
Washington, to seek the advice of those who
have remained in constant contact with do-
mestic problems and who have known them
close at hand from day to dsy: and I trust
that it will very soon be possible for me to
do so. But there are several qu°stions press-
ing for consideration to which I feel that I
may. and indeed must, even now di^ct your
attention, if in only general terms. In sp°nk-
ing of them I shall. I dare sa.v. be doing little
more than speak your own though* s. I hope
that I shall speak your own judgment also.
LABOR QUESTION FIRST.
"The question which etands at the front
of all others in eve;-y country amidst the
present great awakening is the question of
labor; and perhaps I can speak of it with as
great advantage while engrossed in the con-
sideration of interests which affect all conn-
tries alike as I could at home and amidst the
interests which naturally most affect my
thought, because they are the interests of our
own people.
"By the question of labor I do not mean
the question of efficient industrial production,
the question of how labor is to be obtained
and made effective in the great process of
sustaining populations and winning- success
amidst commercial and industrial rivalries I
mean that much greater and more vital ques-
tion. How are men and women who do the
daily labor of the world to obtain progressive
improvement in the conditions of their labor
to be made happier and to be served better-
by the communities and the industries which
their labor sustains and advances? How are
they to be given their right advantages as
citizens and human beings?
"We cannot go any farther in our present
direction. We have already gone too far.
We cannot live our right life as a nation or
achieve our proper success as an industrial
community if capital and labor are to continue
to be antagonistic instead of being partners:
if they are to continue to distrust one another
and contrive how they cm get the better of
one another: or. what perhaps amounts to
the same thing, calculate by what form and
degree of coercion they can manage to
extort on the on3 hand work enough to make
enterprise profitable: on tha other, justice and
fair treatment enough, to make life tolerable
That bad roa.d has turned out a blind all*"/.
It is no thoroughfare to real prosperitv. We
must find another, leading- in another direction
r.nd to a very different destination. It
must lead not merely to accommodation but
clso to a genuine co-operation and partner-
ship based v-son a rcrl community of inter-
est and participation in control.
"There is now. in fact, a real comnvm'ty of
interest between capital and labor, bvt it has
never been made evident in action. It c n be
made operative and manifest only in a new
organization of industry. The genius of our
business men and the sound, practical senso of
our workers can certainly work such a partner-
ship out when once they realize exactly what
it is that they seek and sincerely adopt a
common purpose with regard to it.
"Labor legislation lies, of course, chiefly
witk the states: but the new spirit and meth-
od of organization which must be effected are
not to be brought about by legislation BO
much as by the common counsel and volun-
tary co-operation of capitalist, manager and
workman. Legislation can go only a v^ry
little way in commanding what shall be done.
The organizntion of industry is a matter of
corporate p.nd individual initiative and of
practical business arr-ngem^nt. Those who
really desire a now relationship between cap-
ital and labor can readily find a wny to bring
it about and perhaps federal legislation can
help more than state legislation could.
"The object of all reform in this essential
matter must be the genuine democratization of
industry, based x^pon a full recognition of the
right of those who work, in whatever rank.
to participate in some organic way in every
decision which directly affects their welfare or
the part th~v ?~e to play in industry. Some
positive legislation is practicable.
"The coner^ss h?>s already shown the way
to one reform which should be worldwide, by
establishing the eirnt hour day as the pt->nd-
ard day in every fi~ld of labor over which it
can exercise control. It has sought to find
the way to prevent child labor and will. I hope
?nd believe, presently find it. It has served
the whole country by leading- the way in
developing the means of preserving1 and safe-
guarding life and health in dane-erous indus-
tries. It can now help in the difficult task of
giving a new form and spirit to industrial
organization by co-ordinating the several
agencies of conciliation and pdinstment which
hnve been brought into existence by the
difficulties and mistaken policies of the present
management of indrst**v and by settiner up
and developing new federal agencies of advice
and information which may serve as a clearing
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
379
house for the best experiments and the best
thought on this great matter, upon which
every thinking man must be aware that the
future development of society directly depends.
"Agencies of international counsel and sug-
gestion are presently to be created in con-
nection with the league of nations in this
very field; but it is national action and the
enlightened policy of individuals, corpora-
tions and societies within each nation that
must bring about the actual reforms. The
members of the committees on labor in the
two houses will hardly need suggestion from
me as to what means they shall seek to
make the federal government the agent of
the whole nation in pointing out and. if need
be, guiding the process of reorganization and
reform.
SOLDIERS MUST BE ASSISTED.
"I am sure that it is not necessary for me
to remind you that there is one immediate
and very practical question of labor that we
should meet in the most liberal spirit. We
must see to it that our returning soldiers are
assisted in every practicable way to find the
places for which they are fitted in the daily
work of the country. This can be done by
developing and maintaining upon an adequate
scale the admirable organization created by
the department of labor for placing men seek-
ing work: and it can also be done, in at least
one very great field, by creating new opportu-
nities for individual enterprise.
"The secretary of the interior has pointed
out the way by which returning soldiers may
be helped to find and take up land in the
hitherto undeveloped regions of the country
which the federal government has prepared
or can readily prepare for cultivation and for
many of the cutover or neglected areas which
lie within the limits of the older states; and
I once more take the liberty of recommending
very urgently that his plans shall receive the
immediate and substantial support of the con-
MUST REBUILD TRADE.
"Peculiar and very stimulating conditions
await our commerce and industrial enterprise
in the immediate future. Unusual opportuni-
ties will presently present themselves to our
merchants and producers in foreign markets
and large fields for profitable investment will
be opened to our free capital. But it is not
only of that that I am thinking; it is not
chiefly of that that I am thinking. Many
great industries prostrated by the war wait
to be rehabilitated in many parts of the
%vorld. where what will be lacking is not
brains or willing hands or organizing- capacity
or experienced skill, but machinery and raw
materials and capiial.
"I believe that our business men, our mer-
chants, our manufacturers and our capitalists
will have the vision to see that prosperity in
one part of the world ministers to prosperity
everywhere; that there is in a very true sense
a solidarity of interest throughout the world
of enterprise and that our dealings with the
countries that have need of our products and
our money will teach them to deem us more
than ever friends whose necessities we seek
in the right way to serve.
"Our new merchant ships, which have in
some quarters been feared as destructive
rivals, may prove helpful rivals, rather, and
common servants, very much needed and very
welcome. Our great shipyards, new and old,
will be so opened to the use of the world that
they will prove immensely serviceable to every
maritime people in restoring much more rap-
idly than would otherwise have been possible
the tonnage wantonly destroyed in the war.
I have only to suggest that there are many
points at which we can facilitate American
enterprise in foreign trade by opportune legis-
lation and make it easy for American mer-
chants to go where they will be welcomed
as friends rather than as dreaded antagonists.
America has a great and honorable service to
perform in bringing the commercial and in-
dustrial undertakings of the world back to
their old scope and swing again, and putting
a solid structure of credit under them. All
our legislation should be friendly to such
plans and purposes.
URGES TAX RECONSIDERATION.
"And credit and enterprise alike will be
quickened by timely and helpful legislation
with regard to taxation. I hope that the con-
gress will find it possible to undertake an
early reconsideration of federal taxes in order
to make our system of taxation more simple
and easy of administration and the taxes
themselves as little burdensome as they can
be made and yet suffice to support the grov-
ernment and meet all its obligations. The fig-
ures to which those obligations have arisen
are very great, indeed, but they are not so
great as to make it difficult for the nation to
meet them, and meet them, perhaps, in a
single generation, by taxes which will neither
crush nor discourage.
"These are not so great as they seem, not so
great as the immense sums we have had to
borrow, added to the immense sums we have
had to raise by taxation, would seem to in-
dicate; for a very large proportion of those
sums was raised in order that they might
be loaned to the governments with which we
were associated in the war. and those loans
will, of course, constitute assets, not liabili-
ties, and will not have to be taken care of by
our taxpayers.
"The main thing1 we shall have to care for
is that our taxation shall rest as lightly as
possible on the productive resources of the
country, that its rates shall be stable, and
that it shall be constant in its revenue yield-
ing nower. We have found the main sources
from which it must be drawn. I take it for
granted that its mainstays will henceforth be
the income tax, the excess profits1 tax and
the estate tax. All these can so be adjusted as
to yield constant and adequate returns and
yet not constitute a too grievous burden on
the taxpayer.
"A revision of the income tax has already
been provided for by the act of 1918, but I
think you will find that further changes can
be made to advantage both in the rates of
tax and the method of its collection. The
excess profits tax need not long be maintained
at the rates which were necessary while the
enormous expenses of the war had to be borne;
but it should be made the basis for a perma-
nent system which will reach undue profts
without discouraging- the enterprise and activ-
ity of our business men. . The tax on inher-
itances ought, no doubt, to be reconsidered in
its relation to the fiscal systems of the several
states, but it certainly ought to remain a
permanent part of the fiscal system of the
federal government also.
"Many of the minor taxes provided for in the
revenue legislation of 1917 and 1918. though no
doubt made necessary by the pressing neces-
sities of the war time, could hardly find
sufficient justification under the easier cir-
cumstances of peace and can now happily
be got rid of.
"Among these, I hope you will agree, are
the excises upon various manufacturers and
the taxes upon retail sales. They are un-
equal in the incidence on different industries
and on different individuals. Their collection
is difficult and expensive. Those which are
levied upon articles sold at retail are largely
evaded by the readjustment of retail prices.
On the other hand. I should assume that it is
expedient to maintain a considerable range of
indirect taxes; and the fact that alcoholic
liquors will presently no longer afford a source
380
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
of revenue by taxation makes it the more
necessary that the field should be carefully
restudied in order that equivalent sources of
revenue may be found, which it will be
legitimate and not burdensome to draw upon.
"But you have at hand in the treasury
department many experts who can advise you
upon the matters much better than I can. I
can only suggest the lines of a permanent
and workable system, and the placing of the
taxes where they will least hamper the life
° "Therels^fortunately. no occasion for under-
taking in the immediate future any. general
revision of our system of import duties. No
serious danger of foreign . competition now
threatens American industries. Our country
has emerged from the war less disturbed and
less weakened than any of the European coun-
tries which are our competitors in manufa(
ture. Their industrial establishments have
been subjected to greater strain than ours,
their labor force to a more serious disorgani-
zation and this is clearly not the time to seek
an organized advantage. The work of mere
reconstruction will. I am afraid, tax the
capacity and the resources of their people for
y^So farC°from there being any danger or
need of accentuated foreign competition, it
is likely that the conditions of the next few
years will greatly facilitate the marketing
of American manufactures abroad. Least of
all should we depart from the policy adopted
fn the tariff act of 1913 of permitting the
See entry into the United States of the raw
materials needed* to supplement and enrich our
own abundant supplies.
TARIFF CHANGES NEEDED.
"Nevertheless, there are parts of .our tariff
system which need prompt attention.. The
experiences of the war have made it plain that
in some cases too great reliance on foreign
supply is dangerous, and that in determining
certain parts of our tariff policy. Domestic
considerations must be borne in mind which
are political as well as economic. .
"Among the industries to . which special
consideration could be given is that of the
manufacture of dyestuffs and related chemicals.
Our complete dependence upon German sup-
plies before the war made the interruption of
trade a cause of exceptional economic disturb-
ance. The close relation between the manufac-
turer of dyestuffs on the one hand, and of ex-
nlosives and poisonous gases on the other,
moreover, has given the industry an excep-
tional significance and value.
'^Although the United States will gladly and
nnhestitatingly join in the program of inter-
national disarmament, it will, nevertheless,
i policy of obvious prudence to make
certain of the successful maintenance of many
Strong and well equipped chemical plants.
The German chemical industry, . with which
wo will be brought into competition, was and
may well be again, a thoroughly knit monoply
capable of exercising a competition of a
peculiarly insidious and dangerous kind.
"The United States should, moreover, have
the means of properly protecting itself when-
ever our trade is discriminated against by
foreign nations, in order that we may be
assured of that equality of treatment which
we hope to accord and to promote the world
over. Our tariff laws as they now stand pro-
vide no weapon of retaliation in case other
governments should enact legislation unequal
in its bearing on our products) as compared
with the products of other countries. Though
we are as far as possible from desiring to
enter upon any course of retaliation, we must
frankly face the fact that hostile legislation
by other nations is not beyond the range of
ibility and that it may have to be met
ha^'fortunately. been exhaus
tively investigated by the United States tariff
commission. A recent report of that commis-
sion has shown very clearly that we lack
and that we ought to have the instruments
necessary for the assurance of equal and
eauable treatment. The attention of the con-
gress has been called to this matter on past
occasions and the past measures which are
now recommended by the tariff commission
are substantially the same that have been
suggested by previous administrations. I rec-
ommend that this phase of the tariff question
receive _the early attention of the congress.
SPEAKS FOR SUFFRAGE.
"Will you not permit me. turning from these
matters, to speak once more and very earnestly
of the proposed amendment to the constitution
which would extend the suffrage to women and
which passed the house of representatives at
the last session of the congress?
"It seems to me that every consideration of
justice and of public advantage calls for the
immediate adoption of that amendment and its
submission forthwith to the legislatures of
the several states. Throughout all the world
this long delayed extension of the suffrage is
looked for; in the United States longer, I
believe, than anywhere else, the necessity for
it, and the immense advantages of it to the
national life, have been urged and debated by
women and men who saw the need for it
and urged the policy of it when it required
steadfast courage to be so much beforehand
with the common conviction; and I. for one.
covet for our country the distinction of being1
among the first to act in a great reform.
WIRES TO BE RETURNED TO OWNERS.
"The telegraph and telephone lines will, of
course, be returned to their owners so soon
as the retransfer can be effected without ad-
ministrative confusion; so soon, that is. as
the change can be made with least possible
inconvenience to the public and to the own-
ers themselves. The railroads will be handed
over to their owners at the end of the calen-
dar year; if I were in immediate contact with
the administrative questions which must gov-
ern the retransfer of the telegraph and tele-
phone lines I could name the exact date for
their return also.
"Until I am in direct contact with the prac-
tical questions involved I can only suggest
that in the case of the telegraphs and tele-
phones, as in the case of the railways, it is
clearly desirable in the public interest that
some legislation should be considered which
may tend to make of these indispensable in-
strumentalities of our modern life a uniform
and co-ordinated system which will afford those
who use them as complete and certain means
of communication with all parts of the coun-
try as has so long been afforded by the postal
system of the government and at rates as
uniform and intelligible. Expert advice is. of
course, available in this very practical matter
and the public interest is manifest.
"Neither the telegraph nor the telephone
service of the country can be said to be in
any sense a national system. There are many
confusions and inconsistencies of rates. The
scientific means by which communication by
such instrumentalities can be rendered more
thorough and satisfactory has not been made
full use of. An exhaustive study of the whole
question of electrical communication and of
the means by which the central authority of
the nation can be used to unify and improve
it, if undertaken by the appropriate commit-
tees of the congress, would certainly result,
indirectly even if not directly, in a great pub-
lic benefit.
WOULD LIFT BEER BAN.
"The demobilization of the military forcea
of the country has progressed to such a point
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
381
that it seems to me entirely safe now to re-
move the ban upon the manufacture and sale
of wines and beers, but I am advised that
without further legislation I have not the
legal authority to remove the present restric-
tions I therefore recommend that the act
approved Nov. 21, 1918, entitled, 'An act to
enable the secretary of agriculture to carry
out, during- the fiscal year ending June 30,
1919, the purposes of the act entitled. "An act
to provide further for the national security
and defense by stimulating agriculture and
facilitating- the distribution of agricultural
products," and for other purposes,' be amend-
ed or repealed in so far as it applies to wines
and beers.
"I sincerely trust that I shall very soon be
at my post in Washington again to report
upon the matters which made my presence at
the peace table apparently imperative and
to put myself at the service of the congress
in every matter of administration or counsel
that may seem to demand executive action or
advice. WOODROW WILSON."
UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE.
Civil service act approved Jan. 16, 1883.
Officers— Three commissioners are appointed by
the president to assist him in classifying the
government offices and positions, formulating
rules and' enforcing the law. Their office is in
Washington, D. U. The chief examiner is ap-
pointed by the commissioners to secure accuracy,
uniformity and justice in the proceedings of the
examining boards. The secretary to the com-
mission is appointed uy the president.
General Rules— The fundamental rules govern-
ing appointments to government positions are
found in the civil service act itself. Based upon
these are many other regulations formulated by
the commission and promulgated by the president
from time to time as new contingencies arise.
The present rules were approved March 20, 1903.
and went into effect April 15, 1903. In a general
way they require that there must be free, open
examinations of applicants for positions in the
public service; that appointments shall be made
from those graded highest in the examinations;
that appointments to the service in Washington
shall be apportioned among the states and terri-
tories according to population; that there shall
be a period (six months) of probation before any
absolute appointment is made ; that no person in
the public service is for that reason obliged to
contribute to any political fund or is subject to
dismissal for refusing to so contribute; that no
person in the public service has any right to use
his official authority or influence to coerce the
.political action of any person. Applicants for
positions shall not be questioned as to their
political or religious beliefs and no discrimina-
tion shall be exercised against or in favor of any
applicant or employe on account of his religion
or politics. The classified civil service shall in-
clude all officers and employes in the executive
civil service of the United States except laborers
and persons whose appointments are subject to
confirmation by the senate.
Examinations— These are conducted by boards
of examiners chosen from among persons in gov-
ernment employ and are held twice a year in all
the states and territories at convenient places.
In Illinois, for example, they are usually held
at Cairo, Chicago and Peoria. The dates are an-
nounced through the newspapers or by other
means. They can always be learned by applying
to the commission or to the nearest postoffice or
custom house. Those who desire to take exami-
nations are advised to write to the commission
in Washington for the "Manual of Examina-
tions," which is sent free to all applicants. It
is revised semiannually to Jan. 1 and July 1.
The January edition contains a schedule of the
spring examinations and the July edition con-
tains a schedule of the fall examinations. Full
information is given as to the methods and rules
governing examinations, manner of making appli
cation, qualifications required, regulations for
rating examination papers, certification for and
chances of appointment, and as far as possible
it outlines the scope of the different subjects of
general and technical examinations. These are
practical in character and are designed to te
the relative capacity and fitness to discharge the
duties to be performed. It is necessary to obtain
an average percentage of 70 to be eligible for
appointment, except that applicants entitled to
preference because of honorable discharge from
the military or naval service for disability re
suiting from wounds or sickness Incurred in the
g
btates; who is not within the age
prescribed- who is physically disqualified for •
service which he seeks; who has been guiltv of
criminal infamous, dishonest or disgraceful con-
duct.; who has been dismissed from the public
service for delinquency and misconduct or has
failed to receive absolute appointment after pro-
bation; who is addicted to the habitual use of
intoxicating liquors to excess, or who has made
ffmitl8te- sta*emt?t In his application. The age
limitations in the more important branches of
the public service are: PostoWe, is to 45 years-
rural letter carriers, 17 to 55: internal revenue
21 years and over; railway mail, 18 to 35- liehtl
house, 18 to 50; life saving, 18 to 45- eene'ml I dl
partmental 20 'and over. gThese age limiSions
are subject to change by the commission They
do not apply to applicants of the preferred class.
Applicants for the position of railway mail clerk
must be at least 5 feet 6 inches in height ex-
clusive of boots or shoes, and weigh not llss than
13o pounds in ordinary clothing and have no
physical defects. Applicants for certain other
positions have to come up to similar physical re-
Method of Appointment-Whenever a vacancy
exists the appointing officer makes requisition
upon the civil service commission for a certiflca
tion of names to fill the vacancy, specifying th
V8C-an the
desired and the
brv Th* - e an e
salary. The commission thereupon takes from
the proper register of eligibles the names of
three persons standing highest of the sex rail PY?
for and certifies them to^ the appointing officer
who is required to make the selection. He mar
choose any one of the three names, returning the
other two to the register to await further clrtifi-
Tv, 6 J1™6 ?*, examination is not consid-
as the highest in average percentage on the
register must le certified first If aftfr a pro
bationary period of six months the name of the
appointee is continued on the roll of the depart
Removals— No person can be removed from a
competitive position except for such cause as will
?™mr the .efflciency of the public service and
for reasons given in writing. No examination of
witnesses nor any trial shall be required except
movaf dlscretion of the officer making the re-
n ih, the dePartment service is
usually in the lowest grades, the higher erades
being generally filled hv promotion The wn*
entrance grade is about $900. but the annlicant
may be appointed at $840. $760 or even $600
EMPLOYES IN THE FEDERAL CIVIL
SERVICE.
June 30, 1917.
In Washington.
White house ....... on
State department .......... 37*
Treasury department
War department
ar eparmen ................ 455«
Navy department .................... '" 1*741
382
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Postoffice department 1.555
Interior department 5.147
Department of justice 1.500
Department of agriculture 5/-J51
Department of commerce and labor.... 3,176
Interstate commerce commission 978
Civil service commission 240
Bureau of efficiency
Smithsonian institution 778
State, war and navy department bids.. 258
Panama canal 135
Government printing; office 4.593
Federal trade commission 244
Total 41.417
Outside Washington. m
Treasury department-
Janitor service, etc 6.441
Mint and assay service 908
Subtreasury service 400
Public health service 3.618
Coast guard 54
Customs service 6.461
Internal revenue service 4.927
Miscellaneous 432
War department-
Quartermaster's corps 10.545
Ordnance department „ 11.387
Engineer department 15.767
Miscellaneous , 3,305
Navy department-
Trade and labor positions 40,000
Exclusive of trade and labor positions 4,679
Postoffice department —
Postoffice service 187.982
Fourth class postmasters 45.079
Rural carrier service 43,339
Railway mail service 21,191
Interior department-
Land service 1,311
Pension examining1 service 4,502
Indian service 7,665
Reclamation service 3,853
Miscellaneous 969
Department of justice 3.012
Department of agriculture 15.018
Departments of commerce and l^bor 204
Ligrhthouse service 6,655
Immigration service 1.919
Steamboat inspection service 371
Miscellaneous 2,068
Interstate commerce commission 1.392
Civil service commission
Panama canal service 938
Total 456.450
Grand total* 517,805
* Includes 19.938 unclassified employes of
isthmian canal commission.
ELECTORAL VOTE BY STATES (1904-1916).
STATE.
1916.
1912.
1908.
1904.
1916.
1912.
Taft, R. L-
I s
«.
1904.
I-
1
I-
_-
5
3
if
tf
§-'
pj
«a
a
at
?2
CQ
Roose-
velt, R.
Q
L *
&
STATE.
a
£-
I
I
£~
Roose-
velt. Prog.
J
g~
1
&G
39
.ri
s*i
o"®
«•*
ri
^
Alabama
12
g
12
H
...
...
11
...
11
3
4
T
3
3
4
12
New Hampshire
New Jersey
4
,1
Arkansas ... .
q
q
q
9
14
14
^
1^
California
13
(\
...
2
6
11
10
"V
10
8
j
New York
45
45
12
<s
99
39
Connecticut —
Delaware
Florida
'fi
7
3
7
7
North Carolina-
North Dakota
12
T
....
....
4
12
'i
23
12
^
3
*i
5
13
Ohio
»
M
a
Georgia
Idaho
11
4
14
4
"i*
13
^
Oklahoma
in
10
7
5
38
<s
5
"J"
4
4
Illinois
29
15
13
29
15
IS
10
1 1
10
'.'.'.'.
.'.'.'.
27
IS
1 1
27
15
13
....
Pennsylvania...
38
34
|
34
4
....
10
11
Iowa
q
q
q
9
'ia'
18
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
...
IJ
'ij'
q
10
'is'
SouthDakota....
Tennessee
5
•fv
5
4
'l-j'
4
Texas
u
20
18
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
"8
'j j
18
6
'is'
15
12
6
8
18
'id
18
B
fi
Utah
4
4
g
3
....
2
1 '5
u
ll
7
Vermont
4
4
4
4
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia....
Wisconsin
12
7
1
I
12
'$
3
*Y
"5'
7
12
"5'
7
Li
it
It
11
'is
'ij'
1 1
11
'i,V
'16'
!?
13
8
Wyoming
8
Montana
Nebraska
4
8
4
8
8
8
8
8
Total
277
i'.>4
4 5
83
S
ra
1C.2
SB
140
PARTY LINES IN CONGRESS SINCE 1881.
Congress.
47th
Years.
1881-1883
Senate.
Rep.Deia.
37 38
40 36
42 34
39 37
39 37
47 39
33 44
42 39
46 34
53 26
56 29
58 32
58 32
Ind
1
'2
3
5
10
11
3
f H
Rep. I
146
194
juse
>em.
138
198
204
168
159
236
220
104
134
163
153
174
136
Ind.
10
1
1
4
*8
8
7
16
9
5
2
, Senate. „ House. x
Congress. Years. Rep. Dem. Iud.Rep.Dem.Ind.
60th 1907-1909 61 31 .. 222 164 ..
48th
1883-1885
61st 1909-1911 60 32 .. 219 172 ..
62d 1911-1913 51 41 .. 162 228 *1
49th
1885-1887
120
153
166
88
1?6
246
206
185
198
206
250
50th
IssT-ls^g
63d 1913-1915 51 44 tl 127 290 J18
51st .
..1889-1891
1891-1893
64th 1915-1917 39 56 tl 193 231 §8
65th 1917-1919 42 53 tl 216 210 §9
52d .
53d
1893-1895
66th 1919-1921 48 47 tl 237 191 §7
54th
1895-1897
•Socialist. tProgressive. ^Includes 9 progres-
sives, 7 progressive republicans, 1 independent
and 1 vacancy. § Includes progressives, socialists
and vacancies. Figures in table are for begin-
ning of each congress.
55th
56th
57th
68th ..
..1897-1899
..1899-1901
..1901-1903
..1903-1905
..1905-1907
59th ..
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
(.opyrlght. Underwood i- Cndenrood
CARTER GLASS.
Secretary Treasury.
(Resig-ned Nov. 17.)
Copyrijht, Harris & Ewing. Washington
A. S. BURLESON,
Postmaster-General.
Photo by American Press Association.
DAVID F. HOUSTON.
Secretary of Agriculture.
Copyright, Cllnedinit.
EOBT. LANSING,
Secretary of State.
Copyright.Harris iEwinj.Washington
WOODROW WILSON,
^ident.
Copyright, Harris tEwing, Washington.
THOS. R. MARSHALL,
Vice-President.
Copyright, Harris* Ewing.
W. B. WILSON,
Secretary of Labor.
Moffett Photo, Chicago.
FRANKLIN K. LANE, secretary "oT'Co'Sierce.
Secretary of the Interior. SeC(rReSned Oct. 31.)
THE PRESIDENT AND HIS CABINET.
Photo 1 j Am Press Ass*n.
A. M. PALMER,
Attorney-General.
384
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
£fje National (KobernntEnt.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
President— Woodrow Wilson (N. J.) ....$75.000
Secretary to the President-Joseph P.
Tumulty (N. J.) ............... v;-"V';; 7>o0°
Vice-President—Thomas R. Marshall
I TnH 1 .................. iJC.UUU
I TnH 1
Executive' Clerk-Rudolph Forster (Va.) 6,00;
Chief Clerk— T. W. Brahany (Wis.).... 4,000
DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
Secretary-Robert Lansing (N. Y.) ..$12.000
Under Secretary-Frank Lyon Polk ? ^
Assistant* Secretary-Wimam"Phimp4 ^ QQQ
'
Third Assistant'Secretary-Breckinridge
4.500
!
Acting Chief of Consular Bureau-Her-
bert C. Hengstler (O.) ...... .. ........ ••
Acting Chief of Bureau of Indexes and
Archives-David A. Salmon (Conn.)..
Chief of Bureau of Accounts and Dis-
bursing Clerk-Wm. McNeir (Mich.) . .
Chief of Bureau of Rolls and Library—
John A. Tonner (O.) ............... ••••
Chief of Bureau of Appointments—
Miles M. Shand (N. J.) ................
Acting Chief of Passport Control—
Richard W. Flournoy (Md.)..... ......
Acting Chief of Division of Latin-Amer-
ican Affairs-Jordan Herbert Stabler
(Md ) ......................
Chief of 'Division of Far Eastern Affairs
—John Van A. MacMurray (D. C.)..
Acting Chief of Division of Western
European Affairs-Albert B. Ruddock
(nu
3.000
2.500
2,300
2,100
2.250
3,000
4.500
4,500
TREASURY DEPARTMENT.
Secretary-Carter Glass (Va.) ..$12.000
Secretary to the Secretary— Herbert L.
Russell C. Leffingwell (N. Y.) ........
Jouett Shouse (Kas)..... ...............
Albert Rathbone (N. Y.) ............ ...
Assistant to the Secretary— George R.
PnolrsPV CD C) ..............
Chief cferk-Paul F" Myers (N. J ) ....
Chief of Appointment Division— James
E. Harper (S. C.) ............ ... ...... ••
Chief of Bookkeeping and Warrants
Division— Charles H. Miller (Mass.).
Chief of Public Moneys Division-
Harry P. Huddleson (Ind.) .. ........ .. .
Chief of Customs Division— George W.
Ashworth (Md.) .................... .....
Chief of Division of Printing and Sta-
tionery— Frederick F. Weston (Iowa) .
Chief of Loans and Currency Division—
William S. Broughton (111.) ........ ...
Chief of Mail and Files Division— S. M.
Gaines (Ky.) .............. .............
Chief of Secret Service Division— W.
Herman Moran (D. C.) ................
Supervising Architect's Office.
Supervising Architect— J. A. Wetmore. .
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Director— James L. Wilmeth (Ark.)....
Assistant Director-J. M. Fisher (Va.)
5000
5.000
5.000
5,000
5,000
5,OOU
4,000
3,000
3,500
3.000
4.500
2,500
3,500
2.500
4,000
6,000
6.000
3,500
Coast Guard. Salary.
Captain Commandant — Col. William E.
Reynolds $5,000
Assistant— Oliver M. Maxim (Ind.) 2,500
Register of the Treasury.
Register— H. B. Teehee (Okla.) 4.000
Assistant— James W. McCarter (S. D.) . 2,500
Comptroller of Treasury.
Comptroller— Walter W. Warwick (O.) . 6.000
A ssistant— Charles M. Foree (Ky.) 4,500
Assistant to Comptroller — Wilmer G.
Platt (Ind.) 4.000
Attorney— Rudolph H. Golze (Pa.) 4.000
Auditors for Departments.
Treasury — Samuel Patterson (Neb.) 4,000
War— James L. Baity (Mo.) 4.000
Navy— Edward L. Luckow (Wis.) 4,000
Interior— David C. Reay (W. Va.) 4,000
State and Other Departments— Edward
D. Hearne (Del.) 4.000
Postoffice— Charles A. Kram (Pa.) 5,000
Treasurer of the United States.
Treasurer— John Burke (N. D.) 8,000
Assistant Treasurer— R. G. Hand (Miss.) 3. GOO
Deputy— F. J. F. Thiel ON. Y.) 3,200
Comptroller of the Currency.
Comptroller-John Skelton Williams
(Va.) *5,000
Deputies— Thomas P. Kane (D. C.)
and Willis J. Fowler (Ind.) each.... 3,500
Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
Commissioner Daniel C. Roper (S. C.) . 10,000
Assistant to Comm.— J. H. Callan (D. C.) 5.000
Deputy— H. M. Gaylord (Conn.) 5.000
Deputy— James Hagennan (Mo.) 5.000
Deputy— C. B. Hurrey (D. C.) 5.000
Deputy— Jas. M. Baker (S. C.) 5.000
Director of the Mint.
Director— Raymond T. Baker (Nev.)... 5.000
Public Health Service.
Surgeon-General—Rupert Blue (S. C.). 6,000
'Federal Farm Loan Bureau.
Chairman (ex officio)— Carter Glass ( Va.)
Commissioner and Executive Officer —
George W. Norris (Pa.) 10.000
Commissioner — Herbert Quick (W. Va.) 10,000
Commissioner— W. S. A. Smith (Iowa) . 10.000
Commissioner— Charles E. Lobdell (Va.) 10,000
Secretary— William W. Flannagan
Bureau of War Risk Insurance.
Director— Col. R. G. Cholmeley- Jones.. 5,000
Asst.— R. W. Emerson (111.) 5.000
Asst.— Leon O. Fisher (N. Y.) 10.000
*As a member of the federal reserve board
the comptroller of the currency gets $7,000,
making- the total annual salary $12,000.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
Secretary— Newton D. Baker (O.) $12,000
The Assistant Secretary — Benedict Cro-
well (O.) 5,000
Assistant and Chief Clerk— John C. Sco-
fi°ld 4.000
Chief of Staff— Gen. Peyton C. March.. 10,000
The Adjutant-General's Office.
The Adjutant-General— Ma j. -Gen. P. C. Harris.
Chief Clerk— A. W. Shunk.
Inspector-General's Department.
Inspector-General— Maj.-Gen. John L. Cham-
berlain.
Senior Assistant— Brig.-Gen. W. T. Wood.
Chief Clerk— John D. Parker.
Judge-Advocate General's Office.
Judge-Advocate ' General — Maj.-Gen. E. H.
Crowder.
Assistant— Brig.-Gen. E. A. Kreger.
Chief Clerk and Solicitor— F. M. Smith.
Quartermaster's Corps.
Chief of Quartermaster's Corps— Maj.-Gen. H.
L. Rogers.
Chief Clerk— F. M. Cunley.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
385
Medical Department.
Burgeon-General— Ma j. -Sen. Merritte W. Ire-
Executive Officer— Col. M. A. Delaney.
Chief Clerk— John J. Pringle.
Corps of Engineers.
Chief of Engineers— Maj.-Gen. Wm. M. Black.
Chief Clerk— P. J. Dempsey.
Ordnance Department.
Chief of Ordnance— Maj.-Gen. C. C. Williams.
Chief Clerk— Nathan Hazen.
Bureau of Insular Affairs.
Chief of Bureau— Col. Charles C. Walcutt. Jr.
Chief Clerk— L. V. Carmack.
\ Signal Office.
Chief Sigrnal Officer— Maj.-Gen. Geo. O. Squier.
Executive Officer— Col. C. R. Darnall.
Chief Clerk— Herbert S. Flynn.
Field Artillery.
Chief— Maj.-Gen. W. J. Snow.
Coast Artillery.
Chief— Maj.-Gen. F. W. Coe.
Chief Clerk— Thomas A. O'Brien.
Aircraft Service.
Director of Bureau — Maj.-Gen. Charles T.
Memoher.
Executive Officer— Col. Milton F. Davis.
Aircraft Production.
Director— Lieut.-Col. J. A. Mars.
Chief Clerk— M. W. Perley.
Chemical Warfare Service.
Director— Maj.-Gen. William L,. Sibert.
Tank Corps.
Director— Col. Ira C. Welborn.
Militia Bureau.
Chief— Maj.-Gen. Jesse Mel. Carter.
Assistant— Col. John W. Heavey.
Chief Clerk — W. A. Saunders.
Provost Marshal-General.
Provost Marshal-General— Maj.-Gen. Enoch H.
Crowder.
NAVY DEPARTMENT. Salary.
Secretary— Josephus Daniels (N. C.).. $12,000
Assistant Secretary— Franklin D. Roose-
velt (N. Y.) 5,000
Private Secretary to Secretary of Navy
—Edward E. Britton.
Chief Clerk— 3\ S. Curtis.
General Board.
Admiral W. S. Benson. Rear-Admirals E. A.
Anderson. F. F. Fletcher. A. G. Winterhalter,
C. J. Badger. Capt. L. A. Cotton. Lieut^nant-
Commanders H. F. Fingman. F. L. Sandoz.
Secretary— Capt. H. J. Zieg-emeier.
Chief Clerk— E. W. Collamore.
Office of Naval Operations.
Chief of Naval Operations — Rear-Admiral Rob-
ert E. Coontz.
Assistant — Capt. Volney O. Chase.
Chief Clerk— John T. Cuthbert. *
Office of Naval Intelligence.
Director — Rear-Admiral A. P. Niblack.
Assistant Director— Commander Edward Mc-
Cauley, Jr.
Bureau of Yards and Docks.
Chief— Rear-Admiral C. W. Parks.
Assistant Chief— Capt. R. E. Bakenhus.
Chief Clerk— William M. Smith.
Bureau of Navigation.
Chief — Rear-Admiral T. Washington.
Aid— Lieutenant-Commander W. C. Barker. Jr.
Assistant to Bureau — Commander Thomas J.
Senn.
Chief Clerk— F. L. Ballpntine.
JJiiflroorfirtf>ir. Office.
Hydmr^jpher— Cant. Edward Simpson.
Clerk— H. A. Babcock.
Naval Observatory.
Superintendent — Rear-Admiral J. A. Hoogre-
werff.
Librarian — W. D. Horigan.
Bureau of Ordnance.
Thief — Rear-Admiral Ralph Earle.
Assistant— Capt. C. C. Bloch.
Chief Clerk— E. S. Brandt.
Bureau of Construction and Repair.
Chief— Chief Constructor David W. Taylor.
Assistant— Naval Constructor Robert Stocker.
Chief Clerk — Michael D. Schaefer.
Bureau of Steam Engineering.
^hief— Engineer in Chief Robert S. Griffin.
Chief Clerk — Augustus C. Wrenn.
Bureau of Supplies and Accounts.
^hi^f— Paymaster-General Samuel McGowan.
Assistant — Paymaster Christian J. Peoples.
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.
Chief— Surgeon-General William C. Braisted.
Assistant to Bureau— Capt. J. A. Murphy.
Chief Clerk— Dr. W. S. Gibson.
Naval Medical School.
Medical Director— E. R. Stitt.
Naval Disr>en?ary.
Medical Director— Rear-Admiral C. Grayson. \
Office of the Judge-Advocate General.
Judgre- Advocate General— Rear-Admiral G. R.
Clark.
Assistant— Commander F. B. Freyer.
Nai-al Retiring Board.
President— Rear-Admiral H. P. Norton.
Recorder — John C. Brennan.
Board of Inspection and Survey for Ships.
President — Rear-Admiral George W. Kline
Recorder— Lieutenant-Commander L. H. Lacy.
Headquarters Marine Corns.
Commandant— Maj.-Gen. George Bamett.
Assistant to Commandant — Brig.-Gen. Charles
G. Long.
Adjutant and Inspector — Brig.-Gen. Charles H.
Lauchheimer.
Quartermaster— Brig.-Gen. Charles L. McCaw-
l?y.
Paymaster— Brig.-Gen. George Richards.
Compensation Board.
Senior Member — Rear- Admiral W. L. Capps.
Chief Clerk— William J. Graham.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
Salary.
Secretary— (Vacancy) $12.000
Assistant Secretary — E. F. Sweet
(Mich.), acting- secretary 5,000
Private Secretary to the Secretary —
Victor L. Lowe (D. C.) 2,500
Private Secretary to the Assistant Sec-
retary—Alfred E. Wild. Jr. (D. C.).. 2.100
Chief Clerk— E. W. Libbev (D. C.).... 3.000
Disbursing Clerk— C. E. Molster (O.).. 3,000
Chief of Appointment Division — Clifford
Hastings (Wash) 2,500
Chief of Division of Publications— T. F.
McKeon (N. Y) 2.500
Chief of Division of Supplies— Francis
M. Shore (O.) 2,100
Bureau of Census.
Director— Samuel L. Rogers (N. C)... 7,500
Chief Clerk— Thomas J. Fitzgerald
(N. Y.) 4,000
"Rnreau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.
Director— Philip B. Kennedy (N. Y.).. 6.000
First Asst. Director— Roy S. MacElwee
(N. Y.) 3.500
Second Asst. Director— H e r m a n G.
Brock (Maes)' 3.000
Bureau of Standards.
Director — S. W Stratton (Til) 6.000
Editor— H. D. Hiibhard (PI) 2.500
Bureau of Fish trie*
Ccmmissioner— Hugh M. Smith (D. C.) . 6.000
386
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Deputy Commissioner — Dr. H.
Moor* (Pa.)
Bureau of Lighthouses.
Commissioner— G. R. Putnam (Iowa)..
Deputy Commissioner— J. S. Conway
(Mont.)
Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Supt.— Ernest Lester Jones (Va.)
Assistant— Robert L. Fans (Mo.)
Bureau of Navigation.
Commissioner— E. T. Chamberlain
Frank Salary.
.. $3,500
(N. Y.)
Deputy 'Commissioner— A.
(Ws
J. T y r e r
5,000
4,000
6.000
4,000
4,000
2,750
4,000
~ 3.000
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.
— William B Wilson (Pa.) . ...$12.000
rela^Louis F. Post (HI).. 5,000
Chief Clerk— S. J. Gompers ( N. Y .) , .. 3,000
Solicitor-John WAbercrombie (Ala). 5,000
Disbursing Clerk— Geo. W. Love (O.) .. 3,000
Private Secretary to the Secretary— Ed-
win S. McGraw (Pa.) ..... ...... ...... 2,500
Private Secretary to Asst. Secretary—
Steamboat Inspection Service.
Supervising- Inspector-General — Georg-e
Deputy Supervising- 'inspector-General—
D. N. Hoover, Jr. (D. C.)..:
Bureau of immigration.
Commissioner General of Immigration—
A. Caminetti (Cal.) ......... WiVA '
Assistant Commissioner General— Alfred
Hampton (S. C.) ................ : ...... ,*,5OO
Bureau of Naturalization.
Commissioner of Naturalization— Rich-
ard K. Campbell (Va. )...... ..... ..... 4,000
Deputy Commissioner of Naturaliza-
tion— Thomas B. Shoemaker (Pa.).. 3,250
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Commissioner of Labor Statistics—
Royal Meeker (N. J.) .................. 5,000
Chief Statistician-Charles E. Baldwin
(Iowa) .................................. 3-000
Children's Bureau.
Chief— Julia C. Lathrop (HI.) ..... :.... 5,000
Assistant Chief-Caroline Fleming-
' United'siatesEmployment service.
Director-General— J.B.Densmore (Mont.) 5,000
Assistant Director-General—Wade H.
Skinner (W. Va.) ..................... 4,500
Division of Conciliation.
Director— Hugh L. Kerwin (Pa.) ........ 5,000
Women's Bureau.
Director— Mary Anderson (111.) ........ . 5,000
Industrial Honsinp and Transportation
Director— L. K. Sherman (111.) ......... 5,00'
POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Postmaster-General — A. S. Burleson
(Tex.) .......................... ......$13,000
Chief Clerk and Superintendent— Ruskin
MeArdle (Tex.) .................. ••••• 4,000
Private Secretary to Postmaster-Gen-
eral— Robert E. Cowart (Tex.) ....... 2,500
Assistant Chief Clerk— T h o m a s J.
Howell (Mass.) .......... ............. 2,000
Solicitor for the P. O. D.— William H.
AsirTttorley-John 'AY Nash" (Pa.*) '. '. 2,750
Purchasing Agent— J. A. Edgrerton
(N. J.) ................. . ..... ......... 4,000
Chief Clerk to Purchasing- Agent —
Thomas L. Degnan (Pa.) ............. 2,000
Chief Inspector — Georg-e M. Sutton
/jfo ) ................ 4,000
Chief Clerk! 'Division Post office Inspec-
tora-J. Robert Cox (N. C.) .......... 2,000
Appointment Clerk — Robert. S. Regar Salary.
(Pa.) $2,000
Disbursing Clerk— William M. Mooney
(O.) 2,250
Office First Assistant Postmaster-General.
First Assistant Postmaster-General—
John C. Koons (Md.) 5,000
Chief Clerk— John W. Johnston (N. Y.) 2,600
Superintendent Post office Service—
Goodwin D. Ellsworh (N. C.) 4,000
Assistant Superintendent Post office
Service — William S. Ryan (N. Y.)... 3,000>
Superintendent Division Postmaster's
Appointments— Charles R. Hodgres
(Tex.) 3.00O
Assistants Division Postmasters' Ap-
pointments—Simon E. Sullivan (Md.).
Lorel N. Morgan ( W. Va. ) 2,000
Superintendent Divis;on of Dead Let-
ters—Marvin M. McLean (Tex.)....» 2.500
Office Second Assistant Postmaster-General.
Second Assistant Postmaster-General —
Otto Praeger (Tex.) 5,000
Chief Clerk— E. Russell White (N. C.) 2.600
Superintendent Railway Adjustments —
Jamas B. Cordon (D. C.)
Assistant Superintendent Railway Ad-
justments—George H. Grayson (N. C.)
General Superintendent Railway Mail
Service— Wm. I. Denning- ( Ga. )
Assistant General Superintendent Rail-
way Mail Service— George F. Stone
(N. Y.)
Chief Clerk Railway Mail 'Service-
Chase C. Gove ( Neb.)
Superintendent Foreign Mails— Robert
L. Maddox (Ky.) 3,000
Assistant Superintendent— Stewart M.
Weber (Pa.) 2,000
Office Third Assistant Postmaster-General.
Third Assistant Postmaster-General—
Alexander M. Dockery (Mo.)
Chief Clerk— William J. Barrows (Mo.)
Superintendent Money Order Division —
Charles E. Matthews (Okla.)
Chief Clerk Money Order Division —
Francis H. Rainey (D. C.)
Superintendent Registry System— Leigh-
ton V. B. Marschalk (Ky.) 2,500
Superintendent Division of Finance —
William E. Buffing-ton (Pa.) 2,250
Superintendent Divis:on of Stamps —
William C. Fitch (N. Y.) 2.750
Superintendent Classification Division —
William C. Wood (Kas.) 2,750
Stamped Envelope Agent — William W.
Barre (Neb.) 2.600
Office Fourth Assistant Postmaster-General.
Fourth Assistant Postmaster-General —
James I. Blakslee (Pa.) 5,000
Chief Clerk— Lansing M. Dow (N. H.). 2,500
Superintendent Rural Mails — George L.
Wood (Md.)
Chief Clerk Division Rural Mails-
Walter I. Villepigue (S. C.)
Superintendent Equipment and Sup-
plies—J. King Pickett ( Ala. )
Chief Clerk Division Equipment and
Supplies— Geo. J. Schoeneman (R. I.)
Postal Savings System.
Director— Carter B. Keene (Me.) 4,800
Assistant Director— Charles H. Fullaway
(Pa.) 3.000
Office of Auditor for PostofHce Department.
Auditor— Charles A. Kram (Pa.) 5,000
Assistant and Chief Clerk— T. H. Swee-
ney (Minn.)
Law Clerk— Faber Stevenson (O. )
Expert Accountant — L. M. Bartlett
(Mass.)
Sunerintenrtent Electrical Accounting-
System — Louis Brehm (HI.)
Chiefs— Joshua H. Clark (Md.). Jas.
R. White (D. C.). Jasper N. Baker
(Kas.) and Ray Grinstead, (Mo.)... 2,250
3,000
2,260
4.00Q
3,500
2,000
5.000
2,500
2,750
2,250
3,000
2,000
2,750
2,000
3.000
3,000
3,000
3,000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
387
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.
Attorney-General— A. Mitchell Palmer Salary.
(Pa.) $12.000
Secretary to Attorney-General— Robert
T. Scott (Va.) 3.000
Solicitor-General—Alex C. King- (Ga.).. 10,000
Assistant to the Attorney-General — C.
B. Ames (Okla.) 9.000
Assistant Attorney-General — Frank K.
Nebeker (Utah) 7.500
Assistant Attorney-General — Frank Da-
vis. Jr. (O.) 7.500
Assistant Attorney-General — Vacancy... 7,500
Assistant Attorney - General — LaRue
Brown (Mass.) 7,500
Assistant Attorney-General — William L.
Frierson (Tenn.) 7,500
Assistant Attorney-General — Robert P.
Stewart (S. D.) 7,500
Solicitor for Department of Interior-
Charles D. Mahaffie (Ore.) 5,000
Solicitor for Department of State —
Lester Hood Woolsey (N. Y.) 5,000
Chief Clerk and Superintendent of
Building:— Chae. E. Stewart (Ala.).. 3.500
Disbursing: Clerk— J. H. Mackey (Col.). 2.750
Appointment Clerk— C.B.Sornborger(Vt.) 2,000
Attorney in Charg-e of Pardons— James
A. Finch (N. Y.) 3.000
Solicitor of Treasury (Treasury De-
partment)— Lawrence Becker (Ind.).. 5,000
Assistant Solicitor— Felix A. Reeve
(Tenn.) 3.000
Solicitor (Department of Commerce) —
Albert Lee Thurman (O.) \ 5,000
Solicitor (Department of Labor)— John
W. Abercrombie (Ala.) 5,000
Assistant Solicitor (Department of
Commerce)— E. T. Quigley (N. Y.).. 3,000
Solicitor (Postoffice Department)— Wil-
liam H. Lamar (Md.) 5,000
Solicitor Internal Revenue— Robert N.
Miller (Ky.) 5.000
Director. Division of Investigation —
William J. Flynn (N. Y.) 7,500
Superintendent of Prisons and Prison-
ers— Denver S. Dickerson (Nev.) 4,000
Chief Division of Investigation — Frank
Burke (N. Y.) 4.000
Chief of Division of Accounts — Calvin
Satterfield (Pa.) 3.000
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Secretary— David F. Houston (Mo.) ...$12.000
Assistant Secretary— James R. Riggs
(Ind.) 5.000
Assistant Secretary— (Vacancy) 5,000
Assistant to Secretary— Alonzo E. Tay-
lor (Cal.) 2,750
Assistant to Secretary— Floyd R. Harri-
son (Va.) 3.600
Chief Clerk— Robert M. Reese (D. C.) . 3,500
Private Secretary to the Secretary of
Agriculture— Harrison F. Fitts (N.Y.) 2,500
Appointment Clerk — P. L. Gladmon
(D. C.) 2,000
Solicitor— William M. Williams (Ala.) . 5,000
Chief. Forest Service — Henry S. Graves
(Conn.) 5,000
Chief, Weather Bureau — Charles F. Mar-
vin (O.) 5,000
Chief, Bureau of Animal Industry-
John R. Mohler (Pa.) 5,000
Chief. Bureau of Plant Industry— Wil-
liam A. Taylor (Mich.) 5,000
Chief. Bureau of Chemistry — Carl L.
Alsberg (Mass.) 5.000
Chief. Bureau of Soils — M. Whitney
(Md.) 4.000
Chief. Bureau of Entomology — L. O.
Howard (N. Y.) 5.000
Chief. Bureau of Biological Survey — E.
W. Nelson (Ariz.) 4,000
Chief. Bureau of Crop Estimates— Leon
ibrook (Tex.) 4.000
Salary,
Chief. Division of Accounts and Dis-
bursements—A. Zappone (D. C.) $4.000
Chief. Division of Publications— Edwy
B.Reid (Mass.) 3,500
Acting- Chief. Bureau of Markets-
George Livingston (O.) 4.000
Director, States Relations Service— A.
C. True (Conn.) 4,600
Chief. Bureau of Public Roads— Thomas
H. MacDonald (Iowa) 6,000
INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
Secretary— Franklin K. Lane (Cal.) ...$12,000
First Assistant Secretary— Alexander T.
Vogelsang (Cal.) 5,000
Assistant Secretary— Selden G. Hopkins
(Wyo.) 4,500
Assistant to the Secretary— John W.
Hallowell (Mass.) 2 75O
Chief Clerk— Ezekiel J. Ayers (N. J.).. 4.000
Administrative Assistant — Joseph J.
Cotter (D. C.) 3,600
Solicitor— Charles D. Mahaffie (Ore.)... 5,000
General Land Office.
Commissioner— Clay Tallman (Nev.)... 5,000
Assistant Commissioner — Charles M.
Bruce (Va.) 8.500
Chief Clerk— Frank Bond (Wyo.) 8.750
Office of Indian Affairs.
Commissioner— Cato Sells (Tex.) 5,000
Assistant Commissioner — E. B. Meritt
(Ark.) 3,500
Chief Clerk— Charles F. Hauke (Wash.) 3.750
Pension Office.
Commissioner— GaylordM.Saltzgaber(O.) 5 000
Deputy Com'r— Edward C. Tieman(Mo.) 3,600
Chief Clerk— Frank D. Byington (Md.) . 2.500
Medical Referee— John F. Keenaa (Md.) 3.000
Patent Office.
C9mmissioner— James T. Newton (Ga.) 5,000
First Assistant Commissioner— Robert
F. Whitehead (Va.) 4,500
Assistant Commissioner — Melvin H.
Coulston (N. Y.) 3,500
Bureau of Education.
Commissioner — Philander P. Claxton
(Tenn.) 5000
Chief Clerk— James F. Abel (Nev.).... 2^000
Geological Survey.
Director— George Otis Smith (Me.).... 6,000
Chief Clerk— Henry C. Rizer (Kas.)... 2.500
Reclamation Service.
Director and Chief Engineer — Arthur P.
Davis (Kas.) 7500
Chief Counsel— Will R. King (Ore.)... 6000
Chief Clerk— Charles H. Fitch (Ariz.).. 2,160
Bureau of Mines.
Director— Van H. Manning (Miss.) 6.000
Assistant to the Director — Frederick J.
Bailey (Vt.) 3,500
Chief Clerk— Harrison E. Meyer (Utah) 2,600
National Park Service.
Director— Stephen T. Mather (111.) 4.500
Assistant Director — Arno B. Cammerer
(Wis.) 2,500
Chief Clerk— Frank W. Griffith (N. Y.) 2.000
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION.
Chairman— Clyde B. Aitchison (Ore.) .. $10. 000
Commissioner— Edgar E. Clark (Iowa) 10.000
Commissioner— Chas. C. McChord (Ky.) 10,000
Commissioner — Balthasar H. Meyer
(Wis.) 10.000
Commissioner— Henry C. Hall (Col.)... 10.000
Commissioner— W. M. Daniels (N. J.) 10.000
Commissioner— Robert W. Woolley(Va.) 10.000
Commissioner — Jos. B. Eastman (Mass.) 10.000
Secretary— George B. McGinty (Ga.)... 5.000
Asst. Secretary— Alfred Holmead (D.C.) 3.600
Chief Clerk and Purchasing Agent— W.
M. Lockwood (D. C.)... , 3.000
Asst. to the Secretary— T.A.Gmi* <PaJ 2,640'
388
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
Public Printer— Cornelius Ford (N. J.) $5,500
Deputy Public Printer— D. V. Chisholm
(g c) 4,500
Chief Clerk— John L. Alverson (Ky.).. 2.750
Private Secretary— Joseph P. O'Lone ^ ^^
Superintendent' of ' Work— T.' F'. Morgan
Superintendent" 'of Documents— J. H.
Brinker (Miss.) 3,500
Purchasing Agent— Edward S. Moores
(Wis.) 3,600
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EFFICIENCY.
Chief— Herbert D. Brown.
Senior Accountant— Victor G. Croissant.
Labor Saving Devicos— Wilson E. Wilmot.
Efficiency Ratings— William H. McReynolds.
Chief Clerk — Jane Ash.
FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION.
Chairman— The secretary of agriculture.
Vice-Chairman—James P. Munroe. representing
commercial and manufacturing interests;
term expires 1021; salary $5.000. .
Calvin F. Mclntosh, representing agricultural
interests; term expires July 17, 1919; sal-
Arthur E. Holder, representing1 labor; term
expires 1920; salary $5.000.
Director— Charles A. Prosser.
Secretary— E. Joseph Aronoff.
The secretaries of agriculture, commerce and
labor and the commissioner of education are
ex officio members.
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION.
Salary of members. $10.000; secretary. $5.000.
Commissioners-William B. Colver. chairman;
John Franklin Fort. Victor Murdock snd
Huston Thompson.
Secretary— J. P. Yoder.
Assistant Secretary— Warren R. Choate.
Custodian— Charles H. Becker. .
Chief Division of Personnel— Luther H. Waring.
Auditor— C. G. Duganne.
Chief Economist— Francis Walker.
UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE
COMMISSION.
Commissioners — Martin A. Morrison
(Ind.). president $5.000
George R. Wales (VtV).
( Vacancy )
Chief Examiner — (Vrcancy)
Secretary— John T. Doyle (N. Y.)
ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN.
Custodian — Francis P. Garyan.
Managing Director — Frederick J. Home.
General Counsel — Mansfield Ferry.
5.000
5,000
3.roo
2;500
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Salary of members. $7,500.
Chairman — (Vacancy) .
David J. Lewis. Dem.. Md.
William Kent. Ind.. Cal.
Thomas W. Page. Dom.. Va.. vice-chairman.
E. P. Costigan, Prog.. Col.
W. S. Culberson, Rep.. Kas.
Secretary— John F. Bethune. Va.
FEDERAL BOARD OF MEDIATION AND
CONCILIATION.
Salary of commissioners. $7.500; assistant
commissioner. $5.000.
Commissioner of Mediation — William L. Cham-
bers.
Assistant Commissioner of Mediation — G. W.
W. Hangar.
Board of Mediation and Conciliation — Martin
A. Knapp. chairman; William L. Chambers.
G. W. W. Hangar. s°cretary.
Secretary — William H. Smith.
Office — Southern building. Washington. D. C.
BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS.
Commissioners— George Vaux. Jr.. Philadelphia,
Pa., chairman; Merrill E. Gates, Washington,
D. C.; Warren K. Moorehead. Andover, Mass.;
Samuel A. Eliot, Boston, Mass.; Frank
Knox, Manchester. N. H.; William H. Ket-
'cham, Washington. D. C.; Daniel Smiley.
Monk Lake. N. Y.; Isidore D. Dockweiler.
Los Angeles, Cal.; Hugh L. Scott. Prince-
ton. N. J.
Secretary— Malcolm McDowell. Interior Depart-
ment. Washington, D. C.
GOVERNMENT RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS BY FISCAL YEARS.
1914. 1917. 1918. 1919.
.B734673>1 66.71 $1.118.174.126 $4.174.010.586 $5.145.882.546.40
.. 700'.254,489.71 1.147,898.991 8.966.532266 14.935.848.739.63
« ,vr,,TO
Ordinal sbsements
SX
34.826.04.76
—29.724.865
6.150.669
19,262.798
t, 792, 521. 680 —9.789.966.193.22
6.414.570 6.374.590.03
20.787.625 13.195.522.37
—6,820.932.34
PiiMip"d£bt receipts*... 23.021.222.50 t2.428.017.800 il 6. 974.889. 210 §29.355.787.355.08
PuHic debt dis^%ements* 26.961.327.00 H677.544.782 **7.706.879.075 16.326.506.560.41
E disbur^enTeS *(— )+ ? . —3.940.104.50 +1.750.473.018 +9.268.010.135+13.029.280.794.67
Special disbursements n.e.s tt918.880.315 m. 804.588. 004 §83.565.835.693.04
^r^lll disbursements ( — ) — 1,348,369.26 +788.755.709 —343.472.504 —333,372.023.93
*Issues and redemptions ptf certificates and
notes not affecting the o?.Rh in general fund are
excluded from the public debt figures in this
tlncludes $1.466.335.095. sale of liberty loan
bonds: $918,205.000. sale of certificates of in-
debtedness: and $37.273 045. bank note fund.
tlncludes $7.574.020.854. liberty loan bonds;
«9 017 648 5OO. sale of certificates of indebted-
ness: and $352.769,265. sale of war savings
Ce«I>icl"des' $11 367.447.913.30. liberty loan
bonds and victory notes; $17.182.244 390 sale
of certificates of indebtedness: and S783.177,-
fiOFi 90 pale of war savings and thrift Ptamns.
^Includes $632,572,268 certificates of indebt-
fund.
redeemed and $40,564,115 bank notes
**Tnclndes bonds, interest bearing notes and
certificates retired.
ttlnclndes $25.000.000. payment for Wept
Indian islands: $885.000.000. purchase of obli-
gations of
governments; and $8.880,-
315. subscription to stock, federal land banks.
ttlncludes $4.739.434.750. purchase of o>>li-
gations of foreign governments: and $65,153,-
254. purchase of farm loan bonds.
SSInclndes $3.479.255.265.56. purchasA of
obligations of foreign povernments. and $86.-
580.427.48. purchase of farm loan bonds and
accrued interest.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
389
Cfje jfa&eral jfuUtdarg.
SUPEEME COURT.
Salaries: Chief justice. $15.000: Justice*).
814500: clerk. $6,000: marshal. $4.500: re-
Chief Juslicf-Edward D White. ^......'1910
Associate Justices— Joseph McKenna. Cal. .1898
Oliver W. Holmes. Massachusetts ........ 1902
William R. Day. Ohio ...... .. ............ 1903
Willis Van Devanter. Wyoming ........... 1910
Mahlon Pitney. Naw Jersey ............. 191-;
James C. McReynolds. Tennessee ......... 1914
::::: i i
r,n
Reporter— Ernest Knaebel. Colorado
•Appointed associate justice, 1894.
COURT OF CLAIMS.
Salaries of judgres. $7,500 each: chief jus-
ChTef^uSe-Edward K Campbell. Ala.. 1913
judges— Fenton W. Booth. Illinois ......... 1905
Georire E. Downey.. Indiana ............... 1915
James Hay. Virginia .................... 1916
(One vacancy.)
COURT OF CUSTOMS APPEALS.
Acts of Aug. 5. 1909. and Feb. 25. 1910.
Salaries: Judges. $8,500 each: marshal. $3,-
. M. Montgomery. Mich.1910
Associate Judges-James F Smith. Cal... 1910
Orion M. Barber. Vermont. ............... 1910
Marion De Vries. California ...... . ...... 1910
George E. Martin. Ohio ................. 1911
Marshal— Frank H. Briggs, Maine..... .....1911
Clerk— A. B. Shelton. Dist. ol Columbia. .1910
CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS.
For salaries of judges see supreme court
Justices, circuit court judges and district court
Firs?SCircuit— Judges : Mr. Justice Oliver W.
Holmes: circuit judges. George H. Bingham,
Charles F. Johnson. Geo. W. Anderson: dis-
trict judges. Clarence Hale. Arthur L. Brown,
Edgar Aldrich. James M. Morton, Jr.
Second Circuit— Judges : Mr. Justice Louis D.
Brandeis: circuit judges. Henry G. Ward.
Henry Wade Rogers. Charles M. Hough. Mar-
tin T. Manton: district judges. Julius M.
Mayer. George W. Ray. John R. Hazel. Thom-
as I. Chatfleld. Learned Hand, Edwin S.
Thomas. Augustus N. Hand. Harland B.
Howe. John Clark Knox. Edwin L. Garvin.
Third Circuit— Judges : Mr. Justice Mahlon Pit-
ney: circuit jvderes. Victor B. Woolley, Joseph
Buffington. Thomas G. Haight; distnct
judges. J. W. Thompson. John Rellstab.
Charles P. Orr. Charles B. Witmer. Oliver B.
Dickinson. W. H. Seward Thompson. J. War-
ren Davis.
Fourth Circuit— Judges: Mr. Chief Justice Ed-
ward D. White: circuit judges, Jeter C.
Pritchard. Charles A. Woods. Martin A.
Knapp: district judges. Benjamin F. Keller.
Henry G. Connor. James E. Boyd. Edmund
Waddill, Jr., H. Clny McDowell. Alston G.
Dayton, John C. Rose. Henry A. M. Smith.
Fifth Circuit — Judges: Mr. Justice James C.
McReynolds: circuit judges. D. A. Pardee.
Robert Lynn B?tts. Richard W. Walker: dis-
trict judges. W. T. Newman. Edward R.
Meek. William I. Grubb, Rufus E. Foster,
William B. Sheppard, Gordon Russell, Rhy-
don M. Call. Henry D. Clayton. Robert T. Er-
vin. DuVal West. W. R. Smith. Beverly D.
Evans. George W. Jack. Joseph C. Hntche-
aon. Jr., Edwin R. Holmes. James C. Wilson.
Sixth Circuit— Judges: Mr. Justice William R.
Day; circuit judges, Arthur C. Denison. Loyal
E. Knappen. John W. Warrington: district
judges. Walter Evans. A. M. J. Cochran. John
E. McCall. John E. Sater. Edward T. Saniord.
Clarence W. Sessions. J. M. Killits. H. C. Hoi-
lister. Arthur J. Tuttle. D. C. Westhaver.
Seventh Circuit-^ Judges : Mr. Justice John H.
Clarke: v circuit judges. Francis E. Baker.
Samuel Alschuler. Julian W. Mack. Evan A.
Evans, George T. Page; district judges. Albert
B. Anderson. K. M. Landis, A. L. Sanborn,
George A. Carpenter. Ferdinand A. Geierer.
George W. English, Louis FitzHenry.
Eighth Circuit — Judges: Mr. Justice Willis Van
Devanter: circuit judges. W. H. Sanborn. Wil-
liam C. Hook, Kimbrough Stone. Walter I.
Smith. John E. Carland: district judges. Page
Morris. Jacob Triebor, J. A. Riner. Charles F.
Amidon. Henry T. Reed. J. C. Pollock. D. P.
Dyer. J. H. Cotteral, Robert E. Lewis. Wilbur
F. Booth. A. S. Van Valkenburgh, Frank A.
Ypumans, James D. Elliott. Martin J. Wade.
Tillman D. Johnson. Thomas C. Mungrer.
Joseph W. Woodrough. Colin Neblett. R. L.
Williams.
Ninth Circuit—Judges: Mr. Justice Joseph Mc-
Kenna: circuit judges. E. M. Ross. William B.
Gilbert. W. W. Morrow. William H. Hunt:
district judges. C. E. Wolverton. William C.
Van Fleet. E. S. FaTington. F. S. Dietrich. R.
S. Bean, E. E. Cushman. Frank H. Rudkin.
George M. Bourquin. Jeremiah Neterer. Mau-
rice T. Dooling, William H. Sawtelle. Benja-
min F. Bledsoe, Oscar A. Trippet.
CIRCUIT COURT JUDGES.
Salaries of circuit judg-es. $8,500 each.
First Judicial Circuit — Districts of Maine. New
Hampshire. Massachusetts, Rhode Island. Por-
to Rico. Circuit judges. George H. Bingham,
Concord. N. H.. Juns 5. 1913: Charles F.
Johnson, Portland. Me.. Oct. 1. 1917: George
W. Anderson, Boston. Mass.. Oct. 24. 1918.
Second Judicial Circuit — Districts of Vermont,
Connecticut. New Yo-k. Circuit judges. Henry
G. Ward. New York. N. Y.. Dec. 17. 1907:
Henry Wade Rogers. New Haven. Conn.. Sept.
28. 1913: Charles M. Hough. 1916: Martin
T. Manton. Brooklyn. N. Y.. March 18. 1918.
Third Judicial Circuit— Dist' icts of New Jer-
sey, Pennsylvania. Drliware. Circuit judges.
Joseph Bxiffington, Pittsburgh. Pa.. Sept. 25.
1906: Victor B. Woolley, Wilmington. Del..
Auer. 12. 1914: Thomas G. Haight, Newark.
N. J.. April 1. 1919.
Fourth Judicial Circuit— Districts of Maryland.
Virginia. West Virginia. North Carolina. South
Carolina. Circuit judges. Jete- C. Pritchard.
Asheville. N. C.. April 27. 1904: Charles A.
Woods. Marion. S. C.. June 5. 1913: Martin
A. Knapp. Washington. D. C.. Dec. 20. 1910.
Fifth Judicial Circuit — Districts of Georgia.
Florida. Alabama. Mississippi. Louisiana, Tex-
as. Canal Zone. Circuit judges. Don A. Par-
dee. Atlanta. Ga.. May 13. 1881: Richard W.
Walker. Huntsville. Ala.. Oct. 5. 1914: Rob-
ert Lynn Batts. Austin. Tex.. Feb. 5. 1917.
Sixth Judicial Circuit— Districts of Ohio. Mich-
igan. Kentucky. Tennessee. Circuit judges.
Arthur C. Denison, Grand Rapids. Mich.. Oct.
3, 1911: John W. Warrington. Cincinnati. O..
March 16. 1909: Loyal E. Knappen, Grand
Rapids. Mich.. Jrm. 31, 1910.
Seventh Judicial Circuit — Districts of Indiana,
Illinois, Wisconsin. Circuit judges, Francis E.
Baker. Indianapolis. Ind.. Jan. 21. 1902:
Julian W. Mack. Chicago. 111.. Jan. 31. 1911:
Samuel Alschuler. Chicaero. 111., Aug. 16.
1915: Evan A. Evans. Madison. Wis.. May
10. 1916: George T. Page, Peoria, 111., March
1. 1919.
Eighth Judicial Circuit—Districts of Minnesota,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming. Iowa.
Missouri. Kansas. Arkansas. Nebraska. Colo-
rado, Utah, New Mexico. Oklahoma. Circuit
390
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
judges. W. H. Sanborn, St. Paul, Minn.. March
17. 1892; William C. Hook. Leavenworth.
Kas.. Nov. 17. 1903; John E. Garland. Wash-
ington. D. C.. Jan. 31. 1911; Walter I. Smith.
Council Bluffs. Iowa. Jan. 31. 1911; Kim-
brough Stone. Kansas City. Mo., Dec. 21. 1916.
Ninth Judicial Circuit— Districts of California,
Montana. Washington. Idaho. Oregon. Nevada.
Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii. Circuit judges, E..
M. Ross. Los Angeles. Cal.. Feb. 22. 1895:
W. B. Gilbert. Portland. Ore.. March 18. 1892;
William W. Morrow. San Francisco. Cal.. May
20. 1897; William H. Hunt. Washington.
D. C.. Jan. 31. 1911.
JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS.
With date of commission. Salaries. $7,500 each.
Alabama— Northern and middle dists.Henry D. Clayton .......... Montgomery ...May 2, 1914
Southern district .............. Kobert T. Ervin .......... Mobile ....... Jan. 23, 1917
Northern district ............... William I. Grubb .......... Birmingham . : .May 30, 1908
Alaska— First district ............ Robert W. Jennings ........ Juneau ....... June 8, 1917
Second district ............. William A. Holzhelmer ...... Nome ........ Oct. 5, 1917
Third district ................. Frederick M. Brown ....... Valdez ....... July 12, 1917
Fourth district ......... . ....... Charles E. Bunnel ......... Fairbanks . . . .Jan. 5, 1915
. ....... .
Arizona ....................... William H. Sawtelle ....... Tucson ....... Aug. 18, 1913
Arkansas— Eastern district ......... Jacob Trieber ............ Little Rock. . . .Jan. 9,
Western district ............... Frank A. Youmans ....... Fort Smith ..... June 20, 1911
1901
............... . ....... ..... ,
California— Northern district ......... Maurice T. Dooling ....... San Francisco. .July 28, 1913
William C. Van Fleet ..... San Francisco. . Dec. 17, 1907
Southern district. . .' ........... Benjamin F Bledsoe ....... Los Angeles. . ..Oct. 16, 1914
Oscar A. Trippett .......... Los Angeles ---- Mar. 3. 1915
Canal Zone .......................... John W. Hanan ....... ... Ancon ........ Oct. 28, 1918
Colorado .................... ... Robert E. Lewis ........... Denver ........ Apr. 10, 1906
Connecticut ............ ...Edwin S. Thomas ......... New Haven. . . .Nov. 17, 1913
Delaware ...................... . .Hugh M. Morris ............... Wilmington ..... Jan. 27, 1919
Florida— Northern district ........... William B. Sheppard ....... Pensacola ..... May 20, 1908
Southern district ................... Rhydon M. Call ............ Jacksonville ...Apr. 24. 191:
Georgia— Northern district ........... William T. Newman ....... Atlanta ....... Aug. 13, 1886
Southern district ............... Beverly D. Evans ............. Savannah ..... Aug. 15, 1917
Hawaii ..................... ........ James L. Coke ............ Honolulu ..... Mar. 3. 191
Idaho ......................... Frank S. Dietrich ......... Boise ......... Dec. 17, 1907
Illinois— Northern district ........... Kenesaw M. Landis ........ Chicago ...... Mar. 18, 190o
George A. Carpenter ....... Chicago ...... Jan. 11, 1910
Eastern district ................ George W. English ........ Danville ...... May 3. 191
Southern district ............... Louis FitzHenry ............... Peoria ........... Tuly 6. 191
Indiana .................. ...... A. B. Anderson ........... Indianapolis . . .Dec. 8, 190'
Iowa— Northern district ........... Henry T. Reed ........... Cresco ........ Mar. 7, 1904
Southern district ............... Martin J. Wade ...... * . . . .Davenport . . . .Mar. 3, 1915
Kansas ........................ John C. Pollock ........... Kansas City . . . .Dec. 1, 1901
Kentucky— Eastern district ......... A. M. J. Cochran .......... Maysville ..... Dec. 17. 1901
Western district ................ Walter Evans ............ Louisville ..... Mar. 3, 189:
Louisiana— Eastern district ........ Rufus E. Foster .......... New Orleans. . .Feb. 2, 190:
Western district ................ George W. Jack .......... Shreveport . . . .Mar. 16. 191
Maine ............................... Clarence Hale ............ Portland ...... July 1, 19°*
Maryland .......................... John C. Rose ............. Baltimore .... Apr. 4, 1!
Massachusetts .................... James M. Morton, Jr ...... Boston ....... Aug. 12. 191'
Michigan— Eastern district .......... Arthur J. Tuttle .......... Detroit ....... Aug. 6, 1913
Western district ................... C. W. Sessions ............ Grand Rapids. .Oct. 3, 1911
Minnesota ....... . .Wilbur F. Booth .......... rmiulh ....... July 1. 1908
Page Morris ............... Minneapolis . . .May 4, 1914
Mississippi— Two districts ......... Edwin R. Holmes ............. Jackson ......... Oct. 24.19:
Misaouri— Eastern district ....... David P. Dver ............ St. Louis ...... Mar. 1. 3 £07
Western district ................ A. S. Van Valkenburgh. . . . Kansas City. . ..June 25. 1910
Montana ....................... George M. Bourquin ....... Butte ......... Mar. 8. 1
Nebraska ...................... T. C. Munprer ............ .Lincoln ....... Mar. 1. 1907
Joseph W. Woodrough ...... Omaha ....... Apr. 3. 3916
Nevada ........................ E. S. Farrinston ......... .Carson ........ Jan. 10, 1907
New Hampshire ............... Edgar Aldrich ............ Littleton ...... F*b. 20, 1891
New Jersey ..................... John Rellstab ............. Trenton ....... May 18. 1909
J. Warren Davis .......... Trenton ...... May 15. 3
New Mexico .................... Colin Neblett .............. Santa Fe ...... Feb. 5, 191'
New York— Northern district ....... George W. Ray ............ Norwich ...... Dec. 8, 3 £08
Southern district ............... Julius M. Mavcr ......... New Yo-k c«v . ."F>b. 26, 1912
Augustus N. Hand ........ N^w Yory city.. Sent. .SO. 1914
John Clark Knox ......... New York c;ty..Anr. 12. V
Learned Hand ............ NPW York city.. Apr. 26. 1909
Eastern district ................ Thomas I. Chatfield ....... ProoVivn ...... Jan. 9. 1907
Edwin L. Garvin .......... Brooklyn ...... Mar. 21. 19
Western district ................ John R. Hazel ............ -Rnffaio ....... -T"ne ft. 3 '•
North Carolina— Eastern district. . . .H»nry G. Connor ......... .Wilson ....... May 25. 1<
Western district ................ James E. Boyd ........... Greensboro ---- -Tin. 9, 1!
North Dakota ................... Charles F. Amidon ......... Far<ro ........ TVb. 18, J8ft7
Ohio— Northern district ........... D. C. Westhaver .......... rioVPiand ..... Mar. 14. 1!
John M. Killits ........... Toledo ....... June 24. 3910
Southern district ............... H. C. HoHister ........... Cincinnati ..... Mar. 7. 3'
John E Sater ............. Cohimbus ..... May 30. 3 OOR
Oklahoma— Eastern district ........ R.L.Williams ................. Mnskosree ..... Jan. 7.1939
Western district ................ John H. Cotteral .......... Gntprie ....... Jan. 13, 3908
Oregon ........................ C E Wolvprton ......... Portland ...... Jan. 3 0, 3 006
Pohert S P-an ........... Poi-tland ...... Ar»r. 28. 3 909
Pennsylvania— Eastern district ..... Olivor p. DioVinnon ........ pwia^oirVMa . ..Ar«r. 28. 3«14
J Whitaker Thomnson ..... PMliuWpW* . .v.Tnly 16. 3913
Middle district ................. Charles B. Witmer ........ Sunbury ...... May 2. 1911
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
391
Western district W. H. S. Thompson Pittsburgh . . . .July 21, 1914
Charles P. Orr Pittsburgh . . . .Apr. 8. 1909
Porto Rico Jose C. Hernandez, Ch. J. . .San Juan Apr. 9, 1909
Rhode Island Arthur L. Brown Providence Oct. 15, 1896
South Carolina— Eastern district. . . .Henry A. M. Smith Charlenton . . . .June 7, 1911
Western district
South Dakota James D. Elliott Sioux Falls. . ..June 7, 1911
Tennessee — Eastern and middle dists.. Edward T. Sanford Knoxville May 18, 1908
Western district John E. McCall .Memphis Jan. 17, 1905
Texas — Eastern district Gordon Russell Tyler June 6, 1910
Western district DuVal West San Antonio . . . .Dec. 21. 1916
W. R. Smith El Paso Apr. 12, 1917
Northern district Edw. R. Meek Dallas Feb. 15, 1899
James C. Wilson Fort Worth Mar. 5, 1919
Southern district J. C. Hutcheson, Jr Houston Apr. 6, 1918
Utah Tillman D. Johnson Salt Lake City . .Jan. 18, 1916
Vermont Harland B. Howe Windsor Feb. 22, 1916
Virginia— Eastern district Edmund Waddill. Jr Richmond Mar. 22, 1898
Western district H. Clay McDowell Big-stone Gap. . .Dec. 18, 1901
Washington— Western district Edward E. Cushman Tacoma May 1, 1912
Jeremiah Neterer Seattle July 21. 1913
Eastern district Frank H. Rudkin Spokane Jan. 31, 1911
West Virginia— Northern district Alston G. Dayton Phillippi Mar. 14. 1905
Southern district Benjamin F. Keller Bramwell July 1. 1901
Wisconsin— Eastern district Ferdinand A. Geig-er Milwaukee Mar. 20. 1912
Western district A. L. Sanborn Madison Jan. 9, 1915
Wyoming . ..".'.'.'. ..'....... . .John A. Riner. . Cheyenne Sept. 22, 1890
TINITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS.
Alabama— .Northern district. Fric Pettus. Bir- Louis: western district. Francis M. Wilson,
mingham; middle district, Thomas D. Sam-
ford. Montgomery: southern district, Alexan-
der D. Pitts. Mobile.
Alaska— First division. James A. Smiser. Ju-
neau: second division, Gudbrand J. Lomen,
Nome: third division, William A. Munly,
Valdez: Fourth division. R. F. Roth. Fair-
banks.
Arizona— Thomas A. Flynn, Phoenix.
Arkansas— Eastern district, William H. Martin,
Little Rock; western district, E. O. Mahoney,
Fort Smith.
California— Northern district, Mrs. Annette A.
Adams. S?n Francisco: southern district,
John R. O'Connor, Los Angeles.
Canal Zone— A. C. Hindman, Ancon.
Colorado — Harry B. Tedrow, Denver.
Connecticut— John F. Crosby, Hartford.
Delaware— Charles F. Curley. Wilmington.
District of Columbia— John E. Laskey, Wash-
ington.
Florida— Northern district, John L. Neeley, Pen-
sacola: southern district, Herbert S. Phillips,
Tampa.
Georgia— Northern district. Hooper Alexander,
Atlanta; southern district. Earl M. Donalson,
Ma con.
Hawaii— S. C. Huber, Honolulu.
Idaho— James L. McClear, Boise.
Illinois— Northern district, Charles F. Clyne,
Chicago: eastern district. Jpmes G. Burnside,
Danville: southern district, Edward C.
Knotts. Springfield.
Indiana — L. E. Slack. Indianapolis.
Iowa— Northern district. Frank A. O'Connor.
Sioux City; southern district, Edwin G. Moon,
Ottumwa.
Kansas — Fred Robertson, Topeka.
Kentucky— Western district. Perry B. Miller,
Louisville: eastern district, Thomas D. Slat-
tery. Coving-ton.
Louisiana — Eastern district, Henry Mooney,
New Orleans; western district, Joseph Moore,
Shrevenort.
.rfaine— John F. A. Merrill. Portland.
Maryland — Samnel K. Dennis. Baltimore.
Massachusetts— Thomas J. Bnynton. Boston.
Michigan — Eastern district. John E. Kinnane,
Detroit: western district, Myron H. Walker,
Grand Rapids.
Minnesota— Alfred .Taqnes. St. P-".il.
Mississinpi— Northern district. Wilson S. Hill,
Oxford: southern district. Julian P. Alexan-
der. Jackson.
Missouri— Eastern district. W. L. Hensley. St.
Kansas City.
Montana — Edward C Day. Helena.
Nebraska— Thomas S. Allen. Omaha.
Nevada — William Woodburn, Carson City.
New Hampshire— Fred H. Brown. Concord.
New Jersey — Charles F. Lynch, Newark.
New Mexico — Summers Burkhart, Albuquerque.
New York — Northern district, Dennis B. Lucey.
Utica: southern district, Francis G. Caffey.
New York city; eastern district. James D.
Bell. Brooklyn: western district, Stephen T.
Lockwood. Buffalo.
North Carolina— Eastern district. Thomas D.
Warren. New Bern; western district, William
C. Hammer. Ash^o^o.
North Dakota— Melvin A. Hildreth. Fargo.
Ohio— 'Northern district. Edwin S. Wertz. Cleve-
land: southern district, Stuart R. Bolin, Co-
lumbus.
Oklahoma — Eastern district, W. P. McGinnis,
Muskogee; western district. John A. Fain,
Guthrie.
Oregon— Bert E. Haney, Portland.
Pennsylvania — Eastern district. Francis F.
Kane, Philadelphia; middle district, Rogers
L. Burnett, Scranton: western district, R. L.
Crawford. Pittsburgh.
Porto Rico— Miles M. Martin, San Juan.
Rhode Island — Harvey A. Baker, Providence.
South Carolina — Eastern district. Francis H.
Weston. Charleston: western district, J. Wil-
liam Thurmond, Greenville.
South Dakota— Robert P. Stewart, Sioux Falls.
Tennessee— Eastern district. Wesley T. Ken-
nerly, Knoxville; middle district. Lee Doug-
las. Nashville; western district, W. D. Kyser.
Memphis.
Texas — Eastern district, Clarence Merritt,
Paris: northern district. Wilmot M. Odell.
Fort Worth: western district, Hugh. R. Rob-
ertson, San Antonio: southern district. John
E. Green. Jr., Houston.
Utah— William W. Ray. Salt Lake City.
Vermont — Vernon A. Bullard, Burlington.
Virginia— Eastern district. Hirrm M, Smith.
Richmond: western district. Richard E. Byrd.
Roanoke.
Washington— Western district, Robert C. Saun-
ders. Seattle; eastern district, Francis A.
Garrecht. Spokane.
W-st Virginia— Northern district, Stuart W.
Walker. Parkersbnrg; southern district, L.
H. Kelly. Huntington.
Wisconsin— Eastern district. H. A. Sawyer. Mil-
waukee: western district. Albert C. Wolfe.
La Crosse.
Wyoming— Charles L. Rigdon. Cheyenne.
392
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
UNITED STATES MARSHALS,
Alabama— Northern district. Henry A. Skeg-gra,
Birmingrham; middle district, McDuffie Cain.
Montgomery; southern district, Christopher
G. Gewin. Mobile.
Alaska — First division. J. M. Tanner, Juneau:
second division. Emmet R. Jordan, Nome:
third division, F. R. Brenneman, Valdez;
fourth division, Lewis T. Erwin, Fairbanks.
Arizona — Joseph P. Dillon. Tucson.
Arkansas— Eastern district. A. Jackson Walls,
Little Rock: western district, John H. Par-
ker. Fort Smith.
California— Northern district. James B. Holo-
han. San Francisco: southern district, Charles
T. Walton. Los Angeles.
Canal Zone — Miguel A. Otero. Ancon.
Colorado— Samuel J. Burris. Denver.
Connecticut— C. C. Middle-brooks. Hartford.
Delaware— Martin F. Farry. Wilmington.
District of Columbia — Maurice Splain, Wash-
ington.
Florida — Northern district. James B. Perkins,
Pensacola: southern district, Nathan H. Bos-
well. Jacksonville.
Georgia— Northern district. Howard Thompson.
Atlanta: southern district. Joseph S. Davis,
Macon.
Hawaii— Jerome J. Smiddy, Honolulu.
Idaho— Lero.v C. Jones. Boise
Illinois— Northern district. John J. Bradley. Chi-
cago: eastern district, Cpoper Stout. Dan-
ville: southern district. Vincent Y. Dallman.
Springfield.
Indiana— Mark Storen. Indianapolis.
Iowa — Northern district. E. R. Moore, Du-
buque; southern district. Nicholas F. Reed.
Des Moines.
Kansas— Otho T. Wood. Topeka.
Kentucky — Western district, Edgar H. James,
Louisville: eastern district, Henry M. Cox,
Covmgton.
Montana — Joseph L. Ashbridge, Helena.
Nebraska — Thomas J. Flynn, Omaha.
Nevada — Joseph McEachin. Carson City.
New Hampshire— Charles J. O'Neill. Concord.
New Jersey — Albert Bollschweiler, Trenton.
New Mexico— Andrew H. Hudspeth, Santa Fe.
New York — Northern district, Clayton L.
Wheeler. Utica; southern district, Thomas D.
McCarthy, New York city; eastern district,
James M. Power, Brooklyn: western district,
John D. Lynn. Rochester.
North Carolina— Eastern district, George H.
Bellamy, Raleigh: western district. Charles
A. Webb, Asheville.
North Dakota— Stephen J. Doyle. Fargo.
Ohio — Northern district. Charles W. Lapp,
Cleveland: southern district. Michael Devan-
ny. Cincinnati.
Oklahoma — Western district, John Q. Newell.
Oklahoma City: eastern district, A. B. Enloe.
Jr.. Muskogee.
Oregon — George F. Alexander, Portland.
Pennsylvania — Eastern district. Frank J.
Noofian, Philadelphia: middle district, James
S. Magee. Scranton: western district, John F.
Short. Pittsburgh.
Porto Rdco— William R. Bennett, San Juan.
Rhode Island — John J. Richards, Providence.
South Carolina— Eastern district, Jamos L.
Sims. Charleston: western district, C. J. Lyon.
Greenville.
South Dakota — William Hickey, Sioux Falls.
Tennessee — Eastern district, J. R. Thompson,
Knoxville: middle district, George B. Witt.
Nashville: western district, Stanley H. Trere-
vant. Memphis.
Texas— Eastern district. Benjamin F. Sherrill,
Sherman: northern district, James A. Ba»-
! gett, Dallas: western district. John H. Rogeri.
San Antonio: southern district. Jacob A.
Herring, Galvestcn.
! Utah— Aquila Nebeker. Salt Lake City.
i Vermont— Arthur P. Carpenter. Rutland,
pat^ck. tsnreveport^ Virginia— Eastern district. John G. Saundert.
Maine — John S. P. H. Wilson, Portland. Norfolk- wp^tprn rtistriot T C "RnrnK
Maryland— Wilham W. Stockham. Baltimore. S,ann'on western <tlstnct' T- G- Burcn.
Massachusetts-^Iohn J. Mitchell, Boston. w t? ? -p ^ ^ +r^t T m a v •»,„
Michigan— Eastern district. Henry Behrendt. De- Washington— Eastern district James E Mc-
troit: western district. Herman O'Connor. S^T™^ sP°kane: western district. John M.
Grand Rapids. _Boyle< Tacoma-
Minnesota— Joseph A. Wessell, St. Paul. West Virginia— Northern district. Clarence E.
Smith. Parkersburgr: southern district, Wil-
liam Osborne, Huntington.
Mississippi— Northern district. Bruce Alexander,
Oxford: southern district. Floyd Loper, Jack-
sou. _
Missouri— 'Eastern district, John F. Lynch. St.
Louis: western district. William A. Shelton,
Kansas City.
Wisconsin — Eastern district, Samuel W. Ran-
dolph, Milwaukee: western district. Frank
O'Connor, Madison.
Wyoming — Daniel F. Hudson, Cheyenne.
Country.
Britain 10.105
United States 4.929
Argentina 215
Austria-Hungary 339
Belgium 152
Brazil 428
Chile 114
China 102
Cuba 51
Denmark 645
Finland 338
France 1.140
Germany 1.768
Greece 312
Solland 931
aly 858
MERCHANT MARINE OF THE WORLD.
[From Lloyd's Register for 1919-20.3
Ships.
t Tonnage.
18.607.875
Country.
Japan
•Ships
. 1.418
tTonnage.
2.325.266
13,091,773
Mexico ....
47
35.593
154.441
1.629
1,857.829
714.617
Peru . .
63
79,342
313 276
Portugal
227
261.212
512.675
Roumania
35
63,792
101 647
Russia
618
541,005
132,515
Spain
576
750,611
47 29?
Sweden
. 1,263
992,611
702 436
Turkey .
161
116 249
180,962
Uruguay
43
44,499
2 233 631
Other countries
250
128.455
3,503,380
Flag not recorded. . . .
198
140 477
323.796
1 591 911
Total
29 255
50 919 273
l!370.'097
•Ships of 100 tons
and upward.
t Gross.
John Dryden. 1670-1 fit
Thomas Shadwell. 1689-1692.
Nahum Tate. 1692-1715.
Nicholas Rowe. 1715-1718.
Laurence Eusden, 1718-1730.
POETS LAUREATE OF ENGLAND.
Colley Cibber, 1730-1757.
William Whitehead. 1758-1785.
Thomas Wharton. 1785-1790.
Henry James Pye. 1790-1813.
Robert Southey. 1813-1843.
William Wordsworth. 1843-
1850.
Alfred Tennyson. 18BO-1892.
Alfred Austin. 189P-1913.
Robert Bridges. 1913.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Congress.
From March 4. 1919. to March 3. 1921.
SENATE.
President. Thomas R. Marshall, vice-president of the United States: compensation. 812.000
a year. Republicans. 49; democrats. 47. Compensation of senators. $7.500 a year, term six
years.
NEBRASKA.
ALABAMA.
Oscar W. Underwood. Dem. .Birmingham.. 1921
John H. Bankhead. Dem Jasper.. 1926
ARIZONA.
Heury F. Ashurst. Dem Prescott.,1923
Marcus A. Smith. Dem Tucson. .1921
ARKANSAS.
WiUiam F. Kirby, Dem Little Rock.. 1921
Joseph T. Robinson, Dem Lonoke..l925
CALIFORNIA.
James D. Phelan. Dem... San Francisco.. 1921
Hiram W. Johnson, Rep Sacramento. .1923
COLORADO.
Lawrence C. Phipps, Rep Denver. .1925
Charles S. Thomas. Dem Denver.. 1921
CONNECTICUT.
Frank B. Brandegee. Rep.. New London.. 1921
George P. McLean. Rep Simsbury..l923
DELAWARE.
Josiah O. Wolcott. Dem Dover. .1923
L. Heisler Ball. Rep Marshalltown..l925
FLORIDA.
Duncan U. Fletcher. Dem.. Jacksonville. .1921
Park TrammeU. Dem Lakeland. .1923
GEORGIA.
William J. Harris. Dem Cedartown. .1925
Hoke Smith. Dem Atlanta.. 1921
IDAHO.
John F. Nuirent. Dem Boise. .1921
William E. Borah. Rep Boise.. 1925
ILLINOIS.
Medill McCormick. Rep Chicago. .1925
Lawrence Y. Sherman. Rep. .Springfield.. 1921
INDIANA.
Jamef E. Watson. Rep Rushville. .1921
Harry S. New. Rep Indianapolis.. 1923
IOWA.
Albert B. Cummins. Rep Des Moines..l921
William S. Kenyon. Rep Fort Dodge.. 1925
KANSAS.
Charles Curtis. Rep Topeka.,1921
Arthur Capper. Rep Topeka. .1925
KENTUCKY.
J. C. W. Beckham. Dem Frankfort. .1921
Augustus O. Stanley. Dem. . .Henderson.. 1925
LOUISIANA.
Edward J. Gay. Dem Plaquemine. .1921
Joseph E. Ransdell. D. .Lake Providence. .1925
MAINE.
Frederick Hale. Rep Portland.. 1923
Bert M. Fernald, Rep West Poland.. 1925
MARYLAND.
John Walter Smith. Dem Snow Hill.. 1921
Joseph I. France, Rep Port Deposit. .1923
MASSACHUSETTS. ..
Henry Cabot Lodge. Rep Nahant.,1923
David I. Walsh. Dem Fitchburg. .1925
MICHIGAN.
Charles E. Townsend. Rep Jackson. .1923
Truman H. Newberry. Rep Detroit.. 1925
MINNESOTA.
Frank B. Kellogg. Rep St. Paul.. 1923
Knute Nelson, Rep Alexandria.. 1925
MISSISSIPPI.
John Sharp Williams. Dem...Yazoo City.. 1923
Pat Harrison. Dem Gulf port.. 1925
MISSOURI.
Selden P. Spencer. Rep St. Louis.. 1921
James A. Reed. Dem Kansas City.. 1923
MONTANA.
Henry L. Myers. Dem Hamilton. .1923
Thomas J. Walsh. Dem Helena.. 1926
. .1921
. .1923
Gilbert M. Hitchcock. Dem ...... Omaha.. 1923
George W. Norris. Rep .......... McCook.,1925
NEVADA.
Charles B. Henderson, Dem ......... Elko.,1921
Key Pittman, Dem ............. Tonopah.,1923
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
George H. Moses. Rep ............ Concord.. 1921
Henry W. Keyes. Rep.. North Haverhill.,1925
NEW JERSEY.
Walter E. Etipro. Rep ....... Atlantic City. .1925
Joseph S. Frelinghuysen. Rep... Raritan. .1923
NEW MEXICO.
Andreius A. Jones. Dem. .E. Las Vegas.. 1923
Albert B. Fall. Rep ........ Three Rivers.. 1925
NEW YORK.
James W. Wadsworth. Rep.... Groveland. .1
William M. Calder. Rep ...... Brooklyn
NORTH CAROLINA.
Lee S. Overman. Dem .......... Salisbury.. 1921
F. M. Simmons. Dem .......... Newbern. .1925
NORTH DAKOTA.
Porter J. McCumber. Rep. ...Wahpeton. .1923
Asle J. Gronna. Rep .............. Lakota.,1921
OHIO.
Warren G. Harding. Rep ......... Marion.. 1921
Atlee Pomerene. Dem ............ Canton. .1923
OKLAHOMA.
Thomas P. Gore, Dem ........... Lawton.,1921
Robert L. Owen. Dem ......... Muskogee.,1926
OREGON.
George E. Chamberlain. Dem ____ Portland. .1921
Charles L. McNary. Rep .......... Salem.. 1926
PENNSYLVANIA.
Boies Penrose. Rep .......... Philadelphia.. 1921
Philander C. Knox. Rep ...... Pittsburgh.. 1923
RHODE ISLAND.
Peter Goelet Gerry. Dem ........ Warwick. .1923
leBaron B. Colt. Rep ............. Bristol. .1926
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Ellison D. Smith. Dem .......... Florence. .1921
Nathaniel B. Deal. Dem .......... Laurens. .1925
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Edwin S. Johnson. Dem ........ Yankton. .1921
Thomas Sterling, Rep ........ Vermilion. .1926
TENNESSEE.
Kenneth D. McKellar. Dem ..... Memphis. .1923
John K. Shields. Dem .......... Knoxville. .1926
TEXAS.
Charles A. Culberson, Dem ....... Dallas.. 1923
Morris Sheppard. Dem ........ Texarkana.,1925
T-rm A TT
Reed Smoot, Rep ......... '. . .Provo City.. 1921
William H. King. Dem ____ Salt Lake City.. 1923
VERMONT.
William P. Dillingham. Rep. .Montpelier. .1921
Carroll S. Page, Rep ........ Hyde Park.. 1923
VIRGINIA.
Claude A. Swanson, Dem ....... Chatham. .1923
Thomas S. Martin, Dem. .Charlottesville. .1926
WASHINGTON.
Wesley L. Jones. Rep .............. Seattle. .1921
Miles Poindexter. Rep ........... Spokane. .1923
WEST VIRGINIA.
Howard Sutherland. Rep .......... Elkins.,1923
Davis Elkins. Rep ...... ----- Morgantown. .1926
WISCONSIN.
Irvine L. Lenroot, Rep .......... Superior.. 1921
Robert M. LaFollette. Rep ...... Madison. .1923
WYOMING.
John B. Kendrick. Dem ....... Sheridan.. 1923
Francis E. Warren, Rep ...... Cheyenne.. 192 »
394
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Speaker, Frederick H. Gillett. Rep.: repub-
licans, 240; democrats, 191: independent, 2;
prohibition 1: socialist 1; total 435. Asterisk
(*) after name indicates that members served
in 65th congress. tAt large. Compensation
of speaker, 512,000; of other members,
$7.500 a year. Term, two years.
ALABAMA.
1. John McDuffle, Dem Monroeville
§. S. Hubert Dent, Jr.,* Dem Montgomery
. Henry B. Steagall,* Dem Ozark
4. Fred L. Blackmon,* Dem Anniston
5. J. Thomas Heflin,* Dem Lafayette
6. William B. Oliver,* Dem Tuscaloosa
7. L. B. Radney, Dem Gadsde-n
8. Edward B. Almon.* Dem Tuscumbia
9. Georg-e Huddleston,* Dem Birmingham
10. William B. Bankhead.* Dem Jasper
ARIZONA.
Carl Hayden,*t Dem Phoenix
ARKANSAS.
1. Thaddeus H. Carnway,* Dem Jonesboro
2. William A. Oldfield,* Dem Batesvills
3. John N. Tillmnn,* Dem Fayetteville
4. Otis Wingo.* Dem De Queen
5. Henderson M. Jacoway.* Dem. . ;Dardanelle
6. Samuel M. Taylor,* Dem Pine Bluff
7. William S. Goodwin.* Dem Warren
CALIFORNIA.
1. Clarence F. Lea,* D?m Santa Rosa
2. John E. Raker.* Dem Alturas
3. Charles F. Curry.* Rep Sacramento
4. Julius Kahn,* Rep San Francisco
5. John I. Nolan,* Rep San Francisco
6. John A. Elston,* Rep B"rkel?y
7. H. E. Barbour, Rep Fresno
8. Hug-h S. Hersman. Dem Gilroy
9. Charles H. Randall,* Pro Los Angeles
10. Henry Z. Osborne, Rep Los Angeles
11. William Kettner.* Dem San Diego
COLORADO.
1. William N. Vaile, Rep Denver
2. Charles B. Timb^rlnke,* Rep Sterling
3. Guy W. Hardy, Rep Canon City
4. E. T. Taylor,* Dem Glenwood Springs
CONNECTICUT.
1. Augustine Lonergan,* Dem Hartford
2. Richard P. Freeman,* Rep New London
3. John Q. Tilson,* Rep New Haven
4. Schuyler Merritt. Rep Stamford
5. James P. Glynn,* Rep Winsted
DELAWARE.
Caleb R. Layton.t Rep ,.. Georgetown
FLORIDA.
1. Herbert J. Drane,* Dem Lakeland
2. Frank Clark,* Dem Gainesville
3. J. H. Smithwick, Dem Pensacola
4. William J. Sears,* Dem Kissimmee
GEORGIA.
1. James W. Overstreet,* Dem Sylvania
2. Frank Park,* Dem Sylvester
3. Charles R. Crisp,* Dem Americas
4. W. C. Wrig-ht,* Dem Newnan
5. William D. TJpshaw,* Dem Atlanta
6. James W. Wise.* Dem Fayetteville
7. Gordon Lee,* Dem Chickamauga
8. Charles H. Brand,* Dem Athens
9. Thomas M. Bell,* Dem Gainesville
10. Carl Vinson.* Dem Milledgeville
11. W. C. Lankford, Dem Douglas
12. William W. Larsen,* Dem Dublin
IDAHO.
Addison T. Smith.*t Rep Twin Falls
Burton L. French, *t Rep Moscow
ILLINOIS.
Richard Yates.f Rep Springfield
William E. Mason, *f Rep Chicago
1. Martin B. Madd?n,* Rep Chi-ago
2. Jnmes R. Mann,* Rep Chicago
3. William W. Wilson,* Rep Chicago
4. John W. Rainey.* Dem Chicago
5. Adolph J. Sabath,* Dem Chicago
6. James McAndrews,* Dem Chicago
7. Niels Juul,* Rep Chicago
8. Thomas Gallagher,* Dem Chicago
9. Fred A. Britten,* Rep Chicago
10. Carl R. Chindbloom. Rep Chicago
11. Ira C. Copley,* Rep Aurora
12. Charles E. Fuller,* Rep Belvidera
13. John C. McKenzie,* Rep Elizabeth
14. William J. Graham,* Rep Aledo
15. Edward J. King,* Rep Galesburg
16. Clifford Ireland,* Rep Peoria
17. Frank L. Smith, Rep Dwight
18. Joseph G. Cannon,* Rep Danville
19. William B. McKinley,* Rep Champaign
20. Henry T. Rainey,* Dem Carrollton
21. Loren E. Wheeler.* Rep Springfield
22. Wm. A. Rodenberg,* Rep... East St. Louis
23. E. B. Brooks, Rep Newton
24. Thomas S. Williams,* Rep Louisville
25. Edward E. Denison.* Rep Marion
INDIANA.
1. O. R. Luhring, Rep Evansville
2. Oscar E. Bland,* Rep Linton
3. J. W. Dunbar. Rep New Albany
4. J. S. Benham, Rep Benham
5. Everett Sanders,* Rep Terre Haute
6. Richard N. Elliott,* Rep Connorsville
7. Merrill Moores.* Rep Indianapolis
8. Albert H. Vestal.* Rep Anderson
9. Fred S. Purnell,* Rep Attica
10. William R. Wood,* Rep Lafayette
11. Milton Kraus.* Rep Peru
12. Louis W. Fairfield,* Rep Angola
13. A. J. Hickey, Rep Laporte
IOWA.
1. Charles A. Kennedy,* Rep Montrose
2. Harry E. Hull.* Rep Williamsourg
3. Burton E. Sweet.* Rep Waverly
4. Gilbert N Haugen,* Rep Northwood
5. James W. Good,* Rep Cedar Rapids
6. C. William Ramseyer.* Rep Bloomfield
7. Cassius C. Dowell.* Rep Des Moines
8. Horace M. Towner.* Rep Corning-
9. William R. Green,* Rep Council Bluffs
10. J. L. Dickinson. Rep Algona
11. W. D. Boies, Rep Sheldon
KANSAS.
1. Dan'l R. Anthony. Jr.,* Rep. .Leavenworth
2. Edward C. Little.* Rep Kansas City
3. Philip P. Campbell,* Rep Pittsburg
4. Homer Hoch, Rep Marion
5. J. C. Strong, Rep Blue Rapids
6. Kays B. White. Rep Mankato
7. J. N. Tincher. Rep Medicine Lodge
8. William A. Ayres,* Dem Wichita
KENTUCKY.
1. Alben W. Barkley,* Dem Paducah
2. David H. Kincheloe,* Dem Madisonville
3. Robert Y. Thomas, Jr.,* Dem. .Central City
4. Ben Johnson.* Dem Bardstown
5. Charles F. Ogden, Rep Louisville
6. Arthur B. Rouse,* Dem Burlington
7. James C. Cantrill,* Dem Georgetown
8. King Swope. Rep Danville
9. William J. Fields.* Dem Olive Hill
10. John W. Lpngley.* Rep Pikeville
11. J. M. Robison, Rep Barbourville
LOUISIANA.
1. James O'Cornor, Dem New Orleans
2. H. Garland Dupre.* Dem New Orleans
3. Whitmell P. Martin.* Dem Thibodaux
4. John T. Watkins,* Dem Minden
5. Riley J. \7ilson.* Dem Harrisonburg
6. Jared Y. Sander,* Dem Bogalusa
7. Ladislas Lazaro,* Dem Washington
8. James B. Aswell,* Dem Natchitoches
MAINE.
1. Louis B. Goodall.* Rep Sanford
2. Wallace H. White. Jr.,* Rep Lewiston
3. John A. Peters.* Rep Ellsworth
4. Ira G. Hersey,* Rep Houlton
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
395
MARYLAND
1. William N. Andrews. Rep ....... Cambridge
§. Carville D. Benson, Dem ......... Halethorp
. Charles P. Coady,* Dem .......... Baltimore
tj Charles Linthicum.* Dem ..... Baltimore
! Sydney E. Mudd.* Rep ............ La Plata
6. Frederick N. Zihlman,* Rep ____ Cumberland
MASSACHUSETTS.
1. Allen T. Treadway.* R~p ....... Stockbridge
2. Frederick H. Gillett,* Rep ...... Springfield
3. Calvin D. Paige,* Rep .......... South! rids:,
4. Samuel E. Winslow.* R<:p ....... Worcester
5. John Jacob Rogers,* Rep ........... Lowel
6. Willfred W. Lufkin.* Rep ............. Ess 3
7. Michael F. Phelan.* Dem ............. Lynn
8. Frederick W. Dallinger,* Rep. .Cambridge
9. Alvan T. Fuller.* Rep .............. Maiden
10. John F. Fitzgerald.* Dem ........... Boston
11. George Holden Tinkhrm.* Rep ...... Boston
12. James A. Gallivan,* Dem ........... Boston
13. Robert Luce, Ren ................. Waltham
14. Richard Olney, II,* Dem ........... Dedham
15. William S. Greene,* Rep ........ Fall River
16. Joseph Walsh,* Rep .......... New Bedford
MICHIGAN.
1. Frank E. Doremus.* Dem .......... Detroit
2. Earl C. Michener. Ren ............... Adrian
3. John M. C. Smith,* Rep ........... Charlotte
4. Edward L. Hamilton,* Rep ............ Nilea
5. Carl E. Mapes.* Rep ......... Grand Rapids
6. Patrick H. Kelley,* Rep ............ Lansing
7. Louis C. Cnmton,* Rep ............ Lapeer
8. Joseph W. Fordney.* Rep .......... Saginaw
9. James C. McLaughlin.* Rep ..... Muskegon
10. Gilbert A. Currie.* Rep ........... Midland
11. Frank D. Scott.* Rep ............... Alper.a
12. W. Frank James.* Rep ............ Hancock
13. Charles A. Nichols.* Rep ............ Detroit
MINNESOTA.
1. Sydney Anderson,* Rep .......... Lanesboro
2. Franklin F. Ellsworth.* Rep ..... Mankato
3. Charles R. Davis.* Rep ............ St. Pet:r
4. O.scar Keller, Ind ................... St. Pav.l
5. W. H. Newton. Rep ............ Minneapolis
6. Harold Knutson.* Rep ............ St. Cloud
7. Andrew J. Volstead.* Rep ____ Granite Falls
8. W. L. Carrs, Ind .................... Proctor
9. Halvor Steenerson,* Rep ......... Crookotcn
10. Thomas D, Schall.* Rep .......... Excelsior
MISSISSIPPI.
1. Ezekiel S. Candlcr,* Dem ..... . ..... Corinth
2. Hubert D. Stephens.* Dem...fNew Albany
3. Benjamin G. Humphreys,* Dem. .Greenville
4. Thomas U. Sisson.* Dem ........... Winor.a
5. William W. Venable,* Dem ....... Meridirn
6. P. B. Johnson, D°m ............ Ilattiesburg
7. Percy E. Qnin.* Dem ......... McComb City
8. James W. Collier.* Dem ......... Vicksburgr
MISSOURI.
1. Milton A. Romjue,* Dem ............ Macon
2. William W. Rucker.* Dem ...... Keytesvill}
3. Joshua W. Alexander.* Dem ....... Gallatin
4. Charles F. Booher.* Dem ........ Savan-.r.h
5. W. T. Bland. Dem ............. Kansas City
6. Clement C. Dickinson,* Dem ........ Clinton
7. Sam C. Major. Dem ................. Fayetto
S. William L. Nelson. Dem .......... Columbia
. Champ Clark.* Dem ......... Bowling Green
10. Cleveland Newton. Rep ........... St. Louis
11. Williem L. Igoe,* Dem ............ St. Loui3
12. Leonidas C. Dyer.* Rep ........... St. Lou a
13. Marion E. Rhodes. Rep ............. Potosi
14. Ed D. Havs. Rep ........... Cape Girerdeau
15. Isaac V. McPherson. Rep ............ Aurora
16. Thomas L. Rubey.* Dem..... ...... Lebanon
MONTANA.
John M. Evans.* t D~m ............ Missoula
Le
NEVADA.
Charles R. Evans, T Dem Goldfield
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
1. Sherman E. Burroughs,* Rep.. Manchester
2. Edward H. Wason,* Rep Nashua
NEW JERSEY.
1. William J. Browning,* Rep Camden
2. Isaac Bacharach, Rep Atlantic City
3. Thomas J. Scully,* Dem South Amboy
4. Elijah C. Hutchinson,* Rep Trenton
5. Ernest R. Ackerman, Rep Plainfield
6. John R. Ramsey,* Rep Hackensack,
7. Amos H. RadcHffe, Rep Paterson
8. Cornelius J. McGlennon, Dem . East Newark
9. Daniel F. Minahan, Dem Orange
10. Frederick R. Lehlbach,* Rep Newark
11. John J. Eagan,* Dem Weehawken
12. James A. Hamill,* Dem Jersey City
NEW MEXICO.
Benito C. Hernandez,! Rep..Tierra Amarilla
NEW YORK.
1. Frederick C. Hicks,* Rep . Port Washington
§. Chas. Pope Caldwell,* Dem .. .Forest Hills.
. Jolin McCrate, Rep....*. Brooklyn
4. Thomas H. Cullen, Dem Brooklyn
5. John B. Johnston, Dem Brooklyn
6. Frederick W. Rowe,* Rep Brooklyn
7. J. P. Maher, Dem Brooklyn
8. William E. Cleary,* Dern Brooklyn
9. David J. O'Connell, Dern Brooklyn
10. Reuben L. Haskell,* Rep Brooklyn
11. Daniel J. Riordan,* Dem.. . .Now York city
12. Henry M.. Goldfogle, Dem... New York city
13. C. D. Sullivan.* Dem Now York city
14. F. H. LaGuardia,* Rep New York city
' Peter J. Dooling,* Dem New York city
Thomas F. Smith,* Dem. . ..New York city
17. Herbert C. Pell, Dem New York city
18. John F. Carew,* Dem New York city
! 0. Joseph Rowan, Dem New York city
"0. Isaac Siegel,* Rep New York cily
21. Jerome F. Donovan.* Dem .. New York city
22. Anthony J. Griffin,* Dern. ...Now York city
°3. Richard F. McKiniry, Dem.. New York city
14. James V. Ganly. Dem New York city
:5. James W. Husted,* Rep Peekskill
26. Edmund Platt,* Rep Poughkeepaie
27. Charles B. Ward,*
28. Rollin B. Sanford,
.Debruce
ep Albany
. Riddick. t Rep ........... Lewiston
Carl
1. Charles F. Reayia.* Rep ......... Falls City
2. Albert W. J^fferis, Rep .............. Omfiha
3. RobTt E. Evans. Ren ......... Dakota City
4. M. O. MoLanerhlin. R*>n ............... York
5. William E. Andrews. Rep ......... Hpstinga
6. Moses P. Kinkaid.* Rep ............ O'Neill
29. James S. Parker,* Rep Salem
*>0. Frank Crowther, Rep Scheneciady
11. Bertrand H. Sne1!,* Rep Potsdam
2. Luther W. Mott.* R^n.... Oswego
3. Homer P. Snvder,* Rep Little Falls
:4. William H. Hill, Ren Johnston City
5. Walter W. Magee,* Ren Syracuse
.6. Norman J. Gould.* Ren Seneca Falls
7. Alanson B. Houghton, Rep Corning
8. Tbomas B. Dunn.* R~n Rochester
f). Archie D. Sanders.* Ren .Stafford
0. S. Wallace Dempsey,* Rep Locknort
1. Clarence MacGregor. Rep Buffalo
*?. Jrmr>s M. M?r»d. D"m Buffalo
43. Daniel A. Reed. Rep Dunkirk
NORTH CAROLINA.
1. John H. Small,* "D~-\ Washington
2. Claude Kitchin,* Deni Scotland Neck
3. S. M. Brinson, Dem Newhe-n
4. Edvard W. Pou,* Dem Smithfield
5. Charles M. Stedman,* Dem Greensboro
6. Hannibal L. Godwin.* Dem Dunn
7. Leonidas D. Robinson,* Dem ...Wadesboro
8. Robert L. Dousrhton.* Dem. .Laurel Snringo
9. Edwin Y. Webb.* Dem Shelby
10. Zeb Weaver,* Dem Asheville
NORTH DAKOTA.
1. John M. Baer.* Ren Fargo
2. George M. Youner,* Rep Valley City
3. J. H. Sinclair, Pen Kenmare
OHIO.
1. Nicholas Longworth.* Rep Cincinnati
2. A. E. B. Stephens, Rep North Bend
396
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
3. Warren Gard,* Dem Hamilton
t. Benjamin F. Welly,* Dem Lima
. C. J. Thompson, Kep Defiance
6. Charles C. Kearns,* Rep Batavia
7 Simeon D. Fess,* Rep Yellow Springs
8. R. Clint Cole. Rep FindJay
9. Isaac R. Sherwood,* Dem Toledo
10. I M. Foster, Rep Athens
11- Edwin D. Ricketts, Rep Logan
12. Clement Brumbaugh,* Dem Columbus
13. J. T. Begg, Rep Sandusky
14. Martin L. Davey. Dem Kent
15. C. Ellis Moore, Rep Cambridge
16. Roscoe C. McCullocli,* Rep Canton
17. William A. Ashbrook,* Dem Johnstown
18. Frank Murphy. Rep Steubenville
19. John G. Cooper,* Rep Youngstown
20. Charles A. Mooney, Dem Cleveland
21. John J. Babka, Dem Cleveland
22. Henry I. Emerson.* Rep Cleveland
OKLAHOMA.
1. E B. Howard. Dem Tulsa
2. William W. Hastings.* Dem Tahlequah
3. Charles D. Carter,* Dem Ardmoro
4. Tom D. McKeown.* Dem Ada
5. J. W. Harreid.'Rep Oklahoma City
6. Scott Ferris,* Dem Lawton
7. James V. McClintic.* Dem Snyder
8. Dick T. Morgan.* Rep Woodward
OREGON.
1. Willis C. Hawley,* Rep Salem
2. Nicholas J. Smnott,* Rep The Dalles
3. Clifton N. McArthur,* Rep Portland
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas S. Crago.*t Rep Waynesburg
Mahlon M. Garland. *t Rep Pittsburgh
William J. Burke.t Rep Pittsburgh
Anderson H. Walters,! Rep Johnstown
1. William S. Vare,* Rep Philadelphia
George S. Graham.* Rep.
J. Hampton Moore.* Rep.
4. George W. Edmonds,* Re
6. Peter E. Costello.* Rep.
6. George P. Darrow.* Rep.
7. Thomas S. Butler.* Rep.
...Philadelphia
...Philadelphia
...Philadelphia
...Philadelphia
...Philadelphia
...West Chester
8. Henry W Watson,* Rep Langhorne
9. William W. Griest.* Rep Lancaster
10. Patrick McLane. Dem Scranton
11. John J. Casey, Dem Wilkes-Barre
12. John Reber. Rep Pottsville
13. Arthur G. Dewalt.* Dem Allentown
14. Louis T. McFadden.* Rep Canton
15. Edgar R. Kiess,* Rep Williamsport
16. John V. Lesher.* Dem Sunbury
17. Benjamin K. Focht.* Rep Lewisburg
18. Aaron S. Kreider,* Rep Annville
19. John M. Rose,* Rep Johnstown
20. Edward S. Brooks. Rep York
21. Evan J. Jones. Rep Bradford
22 John H. Wilson. Dem Butler
23. S. A. Kendall. Rep Meyersdale
24. Henry W. Temple,* Rep Washington
25. Milton M. Shreve. Rep Erie
26. Henry J. Stoele.* Dem Eas*on
27. Nathan L. Strong,* Rep Brookville
28. Willis J. Hulinsrs, Ren Oil City
29. Stephen G Porter.* Rep Pittsburgh
30. M. Clyde Kellv.* Rep Braddonk
31. John M. Morin,* Rep Pittsburgh
32. Guy E. Campbell,* Dem Crafton
RHODE ISLAND.
1. Clark Burdiok. Rep Newport
2. Walter R. Stiness.* Rep Cow^ett
3. Ambrose Kennedy,* Rep Woonsocket
SOUTH CAROLINA.
1. Richard S Whaley,* Dem Charleston
2. James F. Byrnes.* Dem Aiken
3. Fred H. Dominick.* Dem Newberry
4. Samuel J Nirholls.* Dem Spartanbur?
5 William F. Stevenson.* Dem Cheraw
6. J Willard Raersdale.* Dem Florence
7. Asbury F. Lever,* Dem Lexington
10.
SOUTH DAKOTA.
C. Christopherson, Rep ...... Sioux Falls
Royal C. Johnson,* Rep .......... Aberdeen
Harry L. Gandy,* Dem .......... Rapid City
TENNESSEE.
Sam R. Sells,* Rep ............ Johnson City
J. Will Taylor, Rep ............. LaFollette
John A. Moon,* Dem .......... Chattanooga
Cordell Hull,* Dem ............ Carthage
E. L. Davis, Dem .............. Tullahoma
Joseph W. Byrns,* Dem ......... Nashville
Lemuel P. Padgett,* Dem ........ Columbia
Thetus W. Sims,* Dem ............ Linden
Finis J. Garrett,* Dem ............ Dresden
Hubert F. Fisher,* Dem ........... Memphis
TEXAS.
Eugene Black,* Dem ............ Clarksville
John C. Box, Dem ............ Jacksonville
James Young,* Dem ............. Kaufman
Sam Rayburn.* Dem ............. Bonham
Hatton W. Summers,* Dem ........ Dallas
Rufus Hardy,* Dem ............. Corsicana
Clay S. Briggs, Dem ............ Galveston
Joe H. Eagle,* Dem .............. Houston
Joseph J. Mansfield,* Dem ...... Columbus
James P. Buchanan,* Dem ....... Brenham
Tom Connally,* Dem ............... Marlin
Fritz G. Lanham. Dem ......... Fort Worth
Lucien W. Parrish, Dem ......... Henrietta
Carlos Bee, Dem .............. San Antonio
John N. Garner,* Dem .......... Uvald*
Claude Hudspeth, Dem ............. El Paso
Thoma* L. Blanton.* Dem ......... Abilene
Marvin Jones,* Dem ............ AmariUo
UTAH.
Milton H. Welling,* Dem ...... Fielding
James H. Mays.* Dem ____ Salt Lake City
VERMONT.
Frank L. Greene,* Rep ........ St. Albana
Porter H. Dale,* Rep .......... Island Pond
VIRGINIA.
Schtiyler Otis Bland,* Dem. .Newport New»
Edward E. Holland,* Dem .......... Suffolk
Andrew J. Montague,* Dem ...... Richmond
W. A. Watson,* Dem ---- Jennings Ordinary
Edward W. Saunders.* Dem. .Rockymount
James P. Woods. Dem ............. Roanoke
Thomas W. Harrison.* Dem ____ Winchester
. Robert* W. Moore. Dem ............ Fairfax
C. Bascom Slemp,* Rep ...... Big Stone Gap
Henry D. Flood,* Dem ........ Appomattoz
WASHINGTON.
John F. Miller.* Rep ................ Seattle
Lindley H. Hadley.* Rep ...... Bellingham
Albert Johnson.* Rep ............. Hoquiam
J. W. Summers, Rep ......... Walla Walla
J. S. Webster, Rep ............... Spokane'
WEST VIRGINIA.
M. M. Neely.* Dem .............. Fairmont
George M. Bowers.* Rep ..... Martinsburgr
Stuart F. Reed.* Rep .......... Clarksburg1
Harry C. Woodyard,* Rep ......... Spencer
Wells Goodykountz. Rep ...... Williamson
L. S. Echols, Rep ................ Charleston
WISCONSIN.
. C. E Randall, Ren ................ Kenosha
. Edward Voigt,* Rep .......... Sheboygan
. J. G. Monahan, Rep ............ Darlington
. John C. Kleczka. Rep ............ Milwaukee
. Victor Berger. Soc .............. Milwaukee
. Fiona n La mpert. Rep .............. Oshkosh
. John J F«=ch * Ren ............... LaCrosse
. Edward E. Browne.* Rep ........ Waupaca
. David G. Classon.* Rep ............. Oconto
. James A. Frear.* Rep ............. Hudson
. A. P. Nelson. Rep ............... Grantsbunr
WYOMING.
Frank W. Mondell.*t Rep ........ Newcaitl*
Geo. B. Grig-sby (deleg-ate).
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
397
HAWAII.
J. Kuhio Kalanianaole.* Rep Waikiki
PHILIPPINES.
Jaime C. De Veyra.* Nat Leyte
Teodoro R. Yang-co.* Nat Zambales
PORTO RICO.
Felix Cordova Davila.* Un Manati
OFFICERS OF THE SENATE.
President — Thomas R. Marshall.
President Pro Tempore — Albert B. Cummins.
Chaplain— The Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman.
Secretary — George A. 'Sanderson.
Sergeant at Arms— David S. Barry.
OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE.
Speaker— Frederick H. Gillett.
Chaplain— The Rev. Henry N. Coudon.
Clerk— William Tyler Page.
Sergeant at Arms — J. G. Rogers.
Doorkeeper— Bert W. Kennedy.
SENATE COMMITTEES.
Only the chairmen are named except in the
ease of 3 few of the more important commit-
tees, of which the full membership is given.
Agriculture — Asle J. Gronna. (N. Dak.).
Appropriations — Francis E. Warren. (Wyo.),
chairman: Reed Smoot. Wesley L. Jones.
Charles Curtis, William S. Keny on, Lawrence Y.
Sherman. Asle J. Gronna. Frederick Hale. Sel-
den P. Spencer." Lawrence C. Phipps. Truman
H. Newberry. Thomas S. Martin. Lee S. Over-
man. Robert L. Owen. John W. Smith. Charles
A. Culberson. Oscar W. Underwood. Marcus A.
Smith. Edward J. Gay. William J. Harris.
Audit and Control— William M. Calder (N. Y.) .
Banking and Currency— George P. McLean
(Connj.
Canadian Relations— Frederick Hale (Me.).
Census— Howard Sutherland (W. Va.).
Civil Service and Retrenchment— Thomas
Sterling (S. Dak.).
Claims— Selderi P. Spencer (Mo.).
Coast and Insular Survey— Walter E. Edge
(N. J.).
Coast Defenses — Joseph S< Frelinghuysen
(N. J.).
Commerce— Wesley L. Jones (Wash.), chair-
man; Knute Nelson, Lawrence Y. Sherman,
Warren G. Harding, Bert M. Fernald. William
M. Calder, Irvine L. Lenroot, LeBaron B.
Colt. Charles L. McNary. L. Heisler Ball. Walter
E. Edge. Duncan U. Fletcher. George E. Cham-
berlain, Joseph E. Ransdell, Morns Sheppard.
Thomas S. Martin. John H. Bankhead. Furni-
fold M. Simmons, James A. Reed. William F.
Kirby.
Conservation and National Resources— Ellison
D. Smith (S. C.) .
Cuban Relations— Hiram W. Johnson (Calif.).
District of Columbia — Lawrence Y. Sherman
Education and Labor— William S. Kenyon
(Iowa).
Expenditures — Agriculture. Arthur Capper
(Kan.) ; commerce, Davis Elkins (W. Va.) ; in-
terior department, John H. Bankhead. Ala-
bama ; department of justice, -Thomas P. Gore
lOkla.) : department of labor, Med 11 McCo~-
mick (111.) : navy department. Claude A. Swan-
son (Va.) ; postoffice department. Henry W.
Keyes (N. H.) ; department ol state. Lawrence
C. Phipps (Col.) ; treasury department. Hoke
Smith (Ga.) : war department. George E.
Chamberlain (Ore.).
Finance— Boies Penrose (Pa.), chairman; Por-
ter J. JVlcCumber, Reed Smoot, Robert M. La
Follette. William P. Dillingham. Gaorge P. Mc-
Lean. Charles Curtis. James E. Watson. Wil-
liam M. Calder. Howard Sutherland, Furnifold
M. Simmons. John Sharp WilLams, Charles S.
Thomas. Thomas P. Gore, A. A. Jones. Peter
G. Gerry. John F. Nugent.
Fisheries— Truman H. Newberry (Mich.).
Five Civilized Tribes of Indians— Robert L.
Owen (Okla.).
Foreign Relations — Henry Cabot Lodge,
(Mass.). chairman: Porter J. McCumber. Wil-
liam E. Borah. Frank B. Brandegee, Albert B.
Fall. Philander C. Knox, Warren G. Harding.
Hiram W. Johnson. Harry S. New. George E.
Moses. Gilbert M. Hitchcock. John Sharp Wil-
liams. Claude A. Swanson, Atlee Pomerene,
Marcus A. Smith, Key Pittman. JohnK. Shields.
Forest Reservations and Protection of Game
—Gilbert M. Hitchcock (Neb.).
Geological Survey — Majrcus A. Smith (Ariz.).
Immigration — LeBaron B. Colt (R. I.).
Indian Affairs— Charles Curtis (Kas.).
Indian Depredations — Henry L. Myers (Mont.).
Industrial Expositions — Key Pittman (Nev.).
Interoceanic Canals— William E. Borah.
(Idaho).
Interstate Commerce — Albert B. Cummins
(Iowa).
Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands —
Charles L. McNary (Ore.).
Judiciary— Knute Nelson (Minn.).
Library— Frank B. Brandegee (Conn.).
Manufactures-^Robert M. La Follette (Wis.) .
Military Affairs — James W. Wadsworth. Jr.
(N. Y.). chairman: Francis E. Warren. How-
ard Sutherland. Harry S. New. Joseph S. Fre-
linghuysen. Hiram W. Johnson. Philander C.
Knox. Irvine L. Lenroot. Selden P. Spencer.
Arthur Capper. George E. Chamberlain. Gilbert
M. Hitchcock. Duncan U. Fletcher, Henry L.
Myers. Charles S. Thomas. Morris Sheppard.
J. C. W. Beckham, William F. Kirby. Kenneth
Mines and Mining— Miles Poindexter (Wash.).
Mississippi River and Its Tributaries — Joseph
E. Ransdell (La.).
National Banks— Frank B. Kellogg (Minn.).
Naval Affair*-Carroll S. Page (Vt ). chair-
man; Boies Penrose, Henry Cabot Lodge. M lea
Poindexter. Frederick Hale. L. Heisier Ball.
Medill McCormick. Truman H. Newberry.
Henry W. Keyes. Claude A. Swanson. John
Walter Smith. James D. Phelan. Key Pittman.
Thomas J. Walsh, Peter G. Gerry. Park Tram-
mell. William H. King.
Pacific Islands and Porto Rico— Albert B.
Pacific Railroads — Charles S. Thomas (Col.).
Patents — George W. Norr s (Neb.).
Pensions— Peter J. McCumber (N. Dak.),
chairman: Reed Smoot, Miles Poindexter. Law-
rce Y. Sherman. Harry S. New. Davis Elkins.
Heisler Ball. Thomas J. Waksh. Edwin S.
Johnson. James D. Phelan. William H. King1.
Edward J. Gay. David I. Walsh.
Philippines— William G. Harding (Oh:o).
Postoffices and Post Roads — Charles E.
Townsend CMich.).
Printing— George H. Moses (N. H.).
Private Land Claims — Charles A. Culberson,
(Tex.).
Privileges and Elections— William P. Dilling-
ham (Vt.).
Public Buildings and Grounds — Bert M. Fer-
nald (Me.).
Public Health and National Quarantine-
Joseph I. France (Md.) .
Public Lands— Reed 'Smoot. Utah.
Railroads— Irvine L. Lenroot (Wis.). chair-
man; Henry Cabot Lodge. Francis E. Wa/rren.
W;lliam P. Dillingham, Lawrence C. Phipps.
Truman H. Newberry, Peter G. Gerry. James
A. Reed. Marcus A. Smith. John Sharp Wil-
liams, Ellison D. Smith.
Revolutionary Claims — Morris Sheppard
Rules— Philander C. Knox (Pa.).
Standards. Weights and Measures— James A.
Reed (Mo.).
Territories — Harry S. New (Ind.).
Transportat.on Routes to Seaboard — Duncan
U. Fletcher (Fla.).
Transportation and Sale of Meat Products-
John K. Shields (Tenn.) .
University of the United States-^John Sharp
Williams' (Miss.).
Woman 'Suffrage-^James E. Watson (Ind.).
chairman: Wesley L. Jones. Knute Nelson. Al-
bert B. Cummins. Hiram W. Johnson. A. A,
.398
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Jones. Robert L. Owen. Joseph E. Ransdell,
Edwin S. Johnson.
COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE.
Accounts — ciiiioid Ireland (lil.j.
Agriculture— Gilbert N. Haugen (Iowa).
AiconoiiC .Luiuor Traihc — Acioieon T. Smith
(Idaho), chairman; J. M. C. Smith. Thomas D.
Schall. James H. Sinclair, James G. btrong.
William D. Upehaw, John C. Box
Appropriations — James W.
Good (Iowa),
illi,
chairman; Charles R. Davis, William S. Vare,
Joseph G. Cannon, J. Baecom biemp. William
R. Wood, Louis C. Cramton, Edward H. Mason,
Wai tec W. Magee. George H. Tinkham. Burton
L. French. MLton W. Shrove, Charles F. Ogd n,
Joseph W. Byrns, Taomas U. Siseon, James Mc-
Andrews, John M'. Evans. John J. Eagan,
James P. Buchanan. James A. Gallivan, James
F. Byrnes.
Banking and Currency— Edmund Platt (N. Y.) .
Census— Charles A. Nichols (Mich.).
Claims — George W. Edmonds (Pa.).
Coinage. Weights and Measures— Albert H.
Vestal (Ind.).
District of Columbia— Carl E. Mapes (Mich.) .
Education — Simeon D. Fcss (Ohio) .
Election of President. Vice-President and Rep-
resentatives in Congress— Florian Lamport
(Wis.).
Elections No. 1— Frederick W. Dallinger
(Mass.).
Elections No. 2— Louis B. Goodall (Me.).
Elect ens No. 3— Cassius C. Dowell (Iowa).
Enrolled Bills— John R. Ramsey (N. J.).
Expenditures — Department of agriculture,
John M. Baer (N. Dak.) ; departnvent of com-
merce. Thomas S. Williams (111.) ; interior de-
partment. Aaron S. Kreidcr (Pa.) : department
of justice. Wallace W. White, Jr. (Me.) • de-
partment of labor, Anderson H. Walters (Pa.) ;
navy department, Reuben L. Haskell (N. Y.) :
postofnce department. Frederick N. Zihlman
(Md.) ; state department. Richard N. Elliott
(Ind.) ; treasury department. Porter H. Dale
(Vt.) ; war department, William J. Graham
(111.) ; public bu Idings, Ira G. Kersey (Mr) .
Flood Control— William A. Rodenberg (111.).
Foreign Affairs— Stephen G. Porter (Pa.).
chairman; John Jacob Rogers, Henry W. Tem-
ple. Ambrose Kennedy. Edward E. Brown?,
Merrill Moores. William E. Mason. William H.
Newton. L. J. Dickinson, Ernest R. Ackerman,
Frank L. Smith, James T. Begg, Alanson B.
Houghton. Henry D. Flood, J. Charles Linthi-
cum. William S. Goodw.n. Charles M. Sted-
man, Adolph J. Sabath, George Huddleston.
Tom Connally, Them: s F. Smith.
Immigration and Naturalization— Albert John-
son (Wash.).
Indian Affairs— Homer P. Snyder (N. Y.) .
Industrial Arts and Expositions— Oscar E.
Bland (Ind.).
Insular Affairs — Horace M. Towner (Iowa).
Interstate and Foreign ^Commerce — John J.
Each (Wis.) .
Invalid Pensions — Charles E. Fuller (HI.),
chairman: John W. Langley. Moses P. Kinkaid,
Reuben L. Haskoll, Oscar E. Bl^nd, Thonms S.
Williams, Edwin D. Ricketts. Willis J. Hulings,
Edward D. Hayes. Isaac R. Sherwood, William
A. Ashbrook, Augn&t.ne Lonergan. David J.
O'Connell, William T. Bland, Patrick McLane.
Irrigation of Arid Lands— Moses P. Kinkaid
(Neb.).
Judiciary— Andrew J. Volstead (Minn.)
Labo^-J. M. C. Smith (Mich.).
Library — Norman J. Gould (N. Y.).
Merchant Marine and Fisheries — Will' am S.
Oneene (Mass.). chairman ; George W. Ed-
monds, Frederick W. Rowe. Frank D. Scott.
Wallace H. White. Jr.; Frederick R. Lehlbach.
Sherman E. Burroue-hs, Charles F. Curry. Ed-
win D. Ricketts, Carl R. Chindblom, Frank
Crowther. Clifford E. Randall. William N.
Andrews. Joshua W. Alexander, Rufus Hardy,
Edward W. Saunders, Peter J. Dooling. Ladislas
Lazaro. David H. Kincheloe. William B. Bank-
head. William C. Wright.
Mileage-^Iohn A. Elston (Calif.).
Military Affairs— Julius Kahn (Calif.), chair-
man; Daniel R. Antnony. John C. McKenzie.
Frank L. Greene. John M. Morin. Thomas S.
Crago. Harry E. Hull. Rollin B. Sanford, W.
Frank James. Charles C. Kearns. Aivan T.
Fuller. Fiorello H. LaGuard.a. John F. Millir.
S. Hubert Dent. Jr.; William J. Fields, Percy
E. Quin. Charles P. Caldwell. James W. Wise,
Richard Olney. Thomas W. Harrison, Hubert
F. Fisher.
Mines and Mining— Mahlon M. Garland (Pa.).
Naval Affairs— Thomas S. Butler (Pa.), chair-
man; William J. Browning, Fred A. Bntten.
Patrick H. Kelley, Sydney E. Mudd. John A.
Peters. Frederick C. Hicks. Clilton N. McAr-
thur. George P. Darrow, Milton Kraus. W. W.
Lufkin. Ambrose E. B. Stephen. Isaac V. Me.
Pherson. Lemuel P. Padgett, Daniel J. Riordan.
William B. Oliver, William W. Venable. Carl
Vinson, William Kettner. William A. Ayres.
Samuel J. Nichols.
Patents— John I. Nolan (Calif.).
Pensions— Sam R. Sells (Tenn.). chairman:
Edgar R. Kiess, Harold Knutson. Anderson H.
Walters. Wallace H. White. Jr.; John M. Robi-
son. R. Clint Cole, Jonn C. Kloczka. James V.
•McClintic. James M. Mead, Cornelius A. Me.
Glennon. John H. Wilfon, John H. Smithwick.
William D. Upshaw, Willi?m L. Carss.
Postoffice and Poet Roads— Halvor Steener-
son (Minn.) .
Prnting— Edgar B. Kiess (Pa.).
Public Buildings and Grounds — John W.
langley (Ky.).
Public Lands— Nicholas J. Sinnott (Ore.) .
Railways and Canals— Loren E. Wheeler
(HI.), chairman: Louis B. Goodall. Frederick
R. Lehlbach. John S. Benham. James G. Mona-
hant FdwaM S. Brooks, Charles J. Thompson.
Benjamin F. Welty. Herbert J. Drane. Hanni-
bal L. Godwin. Thomas H. Cullen. Patrick
McLane.
Reform in the Civil Service— Fred*rick R.
Lehlbach (N. J.).
Revision of the Laws— Edward C. Little
(Kas.).
Rivers
Roads— Thomas B. Dunn (N. Y.).
Rules— PhiliD P. 'Campbell (Kas.).
Territories— Charles F. Curry (Calif.).
War Claims— Benjamin K. Focht (Pa.).
War Department (Select Committee on Ex-
pend tures in)— William J. Graham (HI.).
Water Power (Select)— John J. Esch (Wig.).
W?ys and Means— ^Joseph W. Fordney
(Mich.), chairman: J. Hampton Moore. Wil-
Mam R. Green. Nicholas Long-worth. Willis C.
Hawley. Allen T. Treadway, Ira C. Copley.
Luther W. Mott. George M. Young. James A.
Frear. John Q. Tilson. Isaac Bacharach. Lind-
ley H. Hadley. Charles B. Timbarlake, George
M. Bowers. Clande Kitchin. Henry T. Rainey.
Cordell Hull. John M. Garner. James W. Col-
lier. Clement C. Diekinson. Will' am A. Oldfield.
Charles R. Crisp, John F. Carew. Whitmell P.
M-^tin.
Woman Suffrage — James R. Mann (HI.).
ehairman: Edward C. Little, Richard N. Elliott.
John I. Nolan. Geo^e W. Edmonds, Sherman
E. Burroughs, -Arlolrhus P. Nelson. John Mae-
Crate. John E. Raker. Frank Clark. James H.
Mays. Christopher D. Sullivan, Thomas L.
Blanton.
AMERICAN TRADE COMMISSIONER TO
POLAND.
Louis E. Van Norman was appointed the first
trade commissioner to Poland by the bureau
of foreign and domestic commerce, department
of commerce. Washington. D. C., Oct. 13, 1919.
Mr. Van Norman had just completed a survey
of the situation in Roumania. He is the au-
thor of "Poland, the Knight Among Nations,"
and numbers among his personal friends some
of the best known Polish leaders. Duringr the
war he WPS identified with the war trade board
in Washington.
and Harbors— Charles A. Kennedy
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
399
SJnitcU States Qiplomattc anS Consular Scriricc.
Explanation— A. E. & P.. ambassador ex-
traordinary and plenipotentiary: .E. E. & M.
P envoy extraordinary and minister pleni-
potentiary; M. R.. minister resident; M. R.
Country. Representative.
DIPLOMATIC SERVICE (NOV. 1, 1919).
& C.-G , minister resident and consul-general.
Appointed by the president and confirmed by
the senate.
Location. Appointed from. Salary.
. . . .
Argentine Republic Fredk. J. Stimson, Mass., A. E. & P. .Buenos Aires ..... Maryland $17.500
Sumner Welles, 2d Sec ................. Buenos Aires.... New York
Belgium .......... Brand Whitlock, A. E. & P ............ Brussels ................ Ohio
Norman Armour, 2d Sec ............... Brussels ......... New Jersey
Bolivia ....... (Vacancy) .............................. La Paz ........................
Brazil '. ....... .Edwin V. Morgan, A. E. & P ....... Rio de Janeiro. .New York
G. Cornell Tarler. Sec. of Emb ..... Rio de Janeiro.. New York
Craig- W. Wadsworth, Sec. of Emb. ..Rio de Janeiro.. New York
Bui-aria • • Charles J. Vopicka. E. E. & M. P ---- Bukhareet ........... Illinois
2.000
17,500
2.000
10,000
17.500
2.625
2,625
10.000
17,500
2.625
12,000
2.625
. . Joseph H. Shea. A. E. & P Santiago Indiana
W. D. Robbins. Sec. of Emb Santiago ....Massachusetts
China (Vacancy), E. E. & M. P Pekin
Willing Spencer, Sec. of Emb Pekin Pennsylvania
Com. I. V. G. Gillis. Nav. Att Pekin Navy
Lieut.-Col. W. S. Drysdale, Mil. Att. .Pekin Army
Colombia Hoffman Philip. E. E. & M. P Bogota New York 10,000
Costa Rica Edward J. Hale. E. E. & M. P San Jose North Carolina 10.000
Cuba William E. Gonzales. E. E. & M. P. . . Havana South Carolina 12,000
Rutherford Bingham, 2d Sec. of Leg. Havana.. Dist. of Columbia 2.000
Czecho-Slovakia Richard Crane. E. E. & M. P Prague Illinois 12.000
Denmark Norman Hapgood. E. E. & M. P Copenhagen New York 10.000
U. Grant Smith, Couns. of Leg Copenhagen ..Pennsylvania 3,000
Robert B. Davis. 2d Sec. of Leg Copenhagen Virginia 2.000
Dominican Republic Wm. W. Russell. M. R. & C -G Santo Domingo. Dist. Col'bia 10.000
VniTador Charles S. Hartman, E. E. & M. P... Quito Montana 10.000
Prance .".. Hugh C. Wallace. A. E. & P Paris Washington 17.500
R. W. Bliss. Couns. of Emb Paris New York 3,000
A. H. Frazier, Couns. of Emb Paris Pennsylvania 8.000
Hugh S. Gibson, Sec. of Emb Paris California 3,000
William W Andrews, Sec of Emb... Paris Ohio 2.625
Jefferson Caffrey. Sec. of Emb Paris Louisiana 2,625
Frederick A. Sterling. Sec. of E,nb.. Paris Texas 2.625
Benjamin Thaw. Jr.. 2d Sec. of Emb. Paris Pennsylvania 2,000
Maj. B. H. Warburton. Mil. Att Paris Army
Rear-Admiral A. T. Long. Nav. Att.. Paris Navy
Great Britain John William Davis. A. E. & P London Weet Virginia 17.500
I. B. Laughlin, Couns. of Emb London Pennsylvania 3.000
J. Butler Wright. Couns. of Emb London New York 3.000
Edward Bell. Sec. of Emb London Nevada 2,625
E. C. Shoecraft. 2d Sec. of Emb. ... London Missouri 2.000
John F. Martin. Jr., 2d Sec. of Emb. London Florida 2,000
Fred L. Mayer. 2d Sec. of Emb London Indiana 2,000
Rear-Admiral H. S. Knapp, Nav. Att. London Navy
Col. O. N. Solbert, Mil. Att London Army
Greece Garett Droppers, E. E. & M. P Athens Mappr-chusetts 10.000
Guatemala William H. Leavell, E. E. & M. P.. .Guatemala Mississippi 10.000
Haiti Arthur Bailly-Blanchard. E. E. & M. P.Port au Prince. ..Louisiana 10.000
Honduras T. Sambola Jones. E. E. & M. P Tegucigalpa Louisiana 10,000
Italy Thomas Nelson Page, A. E. & P Rome Virginia 17,500
Peter A. Jay. Couns. of Emb Rome Rhod? Island 3.000
N. Richardson. Sec. of Emb Rome Mississippi 2.625
Sheldon L. Crosby. Sec. Emb Rome New York 3.000
Capt. Joseph M. Reeves, Nav. Att. ..Rome Navy
Lieut.-Col. M. C. Buckey. Mil. Att ... Rome Army
Japan Roland S. Morris. A. E. & P Tokyo Pennsylvania 17.500
John Van A. MacMurray. Couns. Emb. Toyko ...Dist. of Columbia 3.000
Capt. E. H. Watson. Nav. Att Tokyo Navy
Lieut.-Col. Karl F. Baldwin. Mil. Att. Tokyo Army
Liberia Jqs°rh L. Johnpon. M. R. & C.-G Monrovia Ohio 5.000
Pichard C. Bundy. 2d Snc. of Leg. .. Monrovia Ohio 2.000
Mai. John E. Green. Mil. Att Monrovia Army
Luxemburg Tohn W. Garrett, E. E. & M. P The Hague Maryland 12.000
Mexico Henry P. Fletcher. A. E. & P Mexico .-.Pennsylvania 17.500
Geo. T. Summerlin. Couns. of Emb..Mpxico Louisiana 3.000
Alexander Benson. SPC. of Emb M>xico Pennsylvania 2,625
Lieut.-Col. R. M. Campbell, Mil. Att..Mpxico Army
Montenegro Garett Dronnprs. E. E. & M. P Athpns Mass^r-hns^tts 10.000
Morocco Maxwell Blakp. Agt. & C.-G Tangier Missouri 7.500
Netherlands John W. Garret. E. E. & M. P The Hierue M-^-yland 12.000
Frpnklin M. Gunther. Sec. of Leg The H^eme Virginia 2,625
Liput.-Col. Edward Davis. Mil. Att. .. The Hague Army
F.ieut. E. D. MrCormick. Nav. Att. ..The Haerue Navy
Nicaragua R^iiamin L Jeffpreon. E. E & M. P. . Man?ema Polo»-pdo 10000
Norway Aihprt G. Sohmedpman. R. E. & M. P. Phriptiania Wisconsin 10.000
rh'j'-lpp B. Curtis, SPP. of L^g- Phri«=tiania New York 2625
Ti^t.-Pol. R. F. Maddux. Mil. Att..Phristiania Army
fnl. Arthur T. Manx. Nav. Att Phristiania Navy
Panama William J. Price, E. E. & M. P Panama Kentucky 10000
400
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Country.
Paraguay .
Persia. . . .
Peru
Poland.
Location. Appointed from. Salarv.
.Asuncion Ohio $10,000
. Teheran Kansas
.Lima Tennessee
Portugal
Eoumama. Serbia
and Bulg-aria. . .
Russia
Salvador.
Serbia
(see Roumania).
Siam ,
Representative.
.Daniel F. Mooney. E. E. & M. P.
John L. Caldwell, E. E. & M. P.
B^nton McMillin. E. E. & M. P.
William W. Smith. Sec. of Leg Lima Ohio
. Hug-h S. Gibson. E. E. & M. P Warsaw California
Frederick R. Dolbeare, 2d Sec. of Leg-. Warsaw New York
.Thomas H. Birch, E. E. & M. P Lisbon New Jersey
Charles J. Vopicka. E. E. & M. P. . . Bukharest Illinois
.David R. Francis. A. E. & P Archang-el Missouri
1. J. A. Rugg-les. Mil. Att Petrograd Army
W. Long, E. E. & M. P. San Salvador.. New Mexico
.Maryland
Spain .
10.000
10,000
2 625
10.000
2.000
10,000
10,000
17.500
ioiobo
10.000
2.000
500
17.500
2.625
Sweden .
Switzerland
Uruguay
Venezuela
Note — Diplomatic
Turkey withdrawn
. (Vacancy)-2^!. E. & Itt. "P ^anglcok ...
John C. White. 2d Sec. of Leg- Bang-kok ...
Leng Hui, Int Bang-kok . .
Joseph E. Willard. A. E. & P Madrid Virginia
Alex. R. Magruder, Sec. of Emb. .. .Madrid Maryland
Capt. Chester Wells. Nav. Att Madrid Navy
Lieut.-Col. T. S. Van Natta. Mil. Att. Madrid ...Army
Ira Ne'son Morris. E. E. & M. P. .. Stockholm Illinois
'Post Wheeler. Couns. of Emb Stockholm Washington
Maj. Wm. M. Colvin, Mil. Att Stockholm Army
Col. Arthur T. Marix. Nav. Att Stockholm Navy
Pleasant A. Stovall, E. E. & M. P.... Bern Georgia
Hugh R. Wilson. 2d Sec. of Leg Bern Illinois
Robert E. Jeffery. E. E. & M. P. ... Montevideo Arkansas
Preston McGoodwin, E. E. & M. P. ..Caracas Oklahoma
representatives of the United States in Austria-Hungary, Germany and
on account of war.
10,000
3.000
10.000
2.000
10.000
10,000
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE.
Abbreviations: tJ.-G., consul-general : C.. consul; V.-C., vice-consul; C. A., commercial
CONSULS-GENERAL AT LARGE.
Stuart J. Fuller, Wis $5.000
Nathaniel B. Stewart, Ga 5,000
Ralph J. Totten, Tenn 5,000
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
Buenos Aires— Wm. H. Robertson, Va., -^
C -G 8,000
Rosario— Wilbert L. Bonney, 111., C 3,000
BOLIVIA.
Oruro— Rosa Hazletine, Ind., C 3,500
BRAZIL.
Bahia— Edward Higgins. Mass.. C 4,000
Para— George H. Pickerell. O.. C 4.500
Pemambuco— A. T Haeberle. Mo.. C.. 4,500
Porto Alr-gre— 'Samuel T. Lee. Mich., C.. 4.500
Rio de Janeiro— C. C. Eberhardt, C.-G. 6.
Santos— Carl F. Deichman. Minn., C. . .
Sao Paulo-^Charles L. Hoover, Mo.. C.. 4.000
BULGARIA.
Sofia— (Vacancy). C.-G 6.500
CHILE.
Antofagasta— Thos. W. Voetter. N. M., C. 4,000
Punta Arenas — E. V. Richardson, N. Y.,
C 2,500
Valparaiso— Leon J. Keena, Mich., C.-G. 5,500
CHINA.
Amoy— Clarence E. Gauss. Conn.. C 3.500
Antung— John K. Davis.. O.. C 3,000
Canton— Albert W. Pontius. Pa., C.-G.... 4.500
Changsha— M. H. Perkins. Cal., C 3,500
Chefoo— Lester Maynard, Cal., C.-G 4,500
Chungking— Paul R. Josslyn. Iowa, C 2.500
Fuchau— George C. Hanson. Conn.. C 3,000
Hankow— E. S. Cunningham. Tenn.. C.-G. 5,500
Harbin— Charles K. Moser. Va.. C 4,500
"ukden — E. Carleton Bafter, Cal.. C.-G.. 4,500
agent.
Nueva Geroma— Wm. Bardel. N Y C...$3f>00
1.500
.500
Nuevitas— John S. Calvert. N. C.. C...
Santiago— Harold D. Clum. N. Y.. C...
CZECHO-SLO V AKIA .
Pragma— Wallace J. Young. 111.. C 4.500
DENMARK.
Aalborg-— Geo. M. Hanson. Utah, C 3,500
Aarhus— John E. Kehl. O.. C 4,500
Copenhagen— William H. Gale, Va., C.-G. 4 500
Esbjerg:— R. Wormuth. N. Y., C 2.500
Odense— Maurice P. Dunlap, Minn.. C... 2,500
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
Puerta Plata— W.lliam A. Bickers. D.
C.. C 2.000
Santo Domingo — C. S. Edwards, Minn., C. 3.000
ECUADOR.
4.000 I Guayaquil— F. W. Goding. 111.. C.-G 4,500
Tanking— J. Paul Jn meson. Pa.. C.
!,500
Shanghai— Thomas Sammons. Wash.,C.-G. 8.000
Swatow— Myrl S. Mv^rs. Pa.. C 3.5OO
Tientsin— P. S. Heintzl^man. C.-G 5.500
Tsinanfu— George F. Bickford, Wash.. C. 2.500
COLOMBIA.
Barranquilla— Claude E. Guyant, HI.. C. . 3.000
Cartagena— A. J. Lespinasse. N. Y.. C.... 3,000
COSTA RICA.
Port Limon— S. E. McMillin. Kas.. C.... 2.500
San Jose— Benjamin F. Chase, Pa., C. . . . 3.500
CUBA
Cienfuegos— Frank Bohr, Kas.. C 4,500
Havana— Heaton W. Harris. C. G 5.500
FRANCE.
Algiers— Arthur C. Frost. Mass.. C
Bordeaux— Theodore Jaeckel. N. Y.. C.
Brest— Sample B. Forbus, Miss., C.
:&::
Calais — John Y. Jordan. Jr., Tenn.. C...
Cette— Paul H. Cram. Me.. C
Goree-Dakar — Wm. J. Yerby. Tenn.,
Grenoble— Thomas D. Davis. Okla..
Guadeloupe— Henry T. Wilcox. N. C.. C.
Havre — John B. Osbonie. Pa.. C
La Rochelle — W. W. Brunswick. Kas., C
Limoges— Eugene I. Belisle, Mass., C....
Lyons^— Clarence Carrig-an. Cal., C
Marseilles — Alnhonse G^ulin, R. I.. C.-G.
Martinique— Thos. R. Wallace, Iowa, C..
Nantes— (Vacancy) . C.-G
Nice— W. D. Hunter. Minn., C.
Paris— A. M. Thackera. Pa.. C.-G
Rouen— Albro L. Burnell, Me., C
Saigon — Horace RemilHrd. C
St. Etienne— William H. Hunt. N. Y.. C.
St. Pierre-Miouelon — (Vacancy), C
Tahiti— Thomas B. L. Lpyton. La., C
Tananarive— James G. Carter, Ga., C
Tunis— Edwin C. Kemp, Fla.. C
BRITISH EMPIRE.
Adelaide— Henry P. Starrett. Fla., C
Aden— A. E. Southard. Ky., C
Auckland— Alfred A. Winslow. Ind.. C.^G.
Barbados— C. L. Livingston. Pa.. C
Belfast— Hnnter Sharp. N. C., C
Relive— William L. A very. Mont.. C
Birmingham — Wilbur T. Gracey. Cal.. C.
Bombay— Stuart K. Lupton, Tenn.. C
3.000
4.500
2.500
3.000
2.500
3.000
2.500
2.500
5.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
6.000
2.500
8.000
2,500
12.000
2.500
2.500
2.500
3,000
3.000
2.500
2.500
3,000
2,500
4.500
3.000
5 000
siooo
4.500
4.000
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
401
Bradford— A. E. Ingram. Cal.. C
Bnstol— Robertson Honey. N. Y., C
Calcutta— James A. Smith. Vt.. C.-G
Calgary— Samuel C. Real. 111.. C
Campbellton— G. C. Woodward, Pa., C. . .
Cape Town— G. H. Murphy. N. C., C.-G..
Cardiff— Wm. F. Doty. N. J.. C
Charlottetown— Wm. A. Pierce. Miss.. C.
Colombo — Walter A. Leonard. HI.. C
Cork— Charles M. Hathaway. Pa.. C
Cornwall— Thomas D. Edwards, S. D., C.
Dublin— Edward L. Adams. N, Y.. C
Dundee-^Henry A. Johnson. D. C.. C... .
Dunfermline— -H. D. Van Sant. N. J.. C.
Durban — William W. Mastarson, Ky.. C
Edinburgh — Rufus Fleming1. O.. C
Fernie— Norton F. Brand. N. D.. C
Fort William— T. R. Taegart. N. J.. C...
Georgetown — G. E. Chamberlin. N. Y., C
Gibraltar— R. L. Sprague. Mass.. C
Glasgow— John N. McCunn. Wis.. C
Halifax— Evan E. Young. D. C.. C.-G
Hamilton. Ber.— (Vacancy) . C
Hamilton. Ont.— J. de Olivares, Mo.. C. .
Hongkong — Geo. E. Anderson. HI.. C.-G.
ull—
H
Karachi
Homer M^Byington, Conn.. C.
D. Fisher. Ore., v
ott V. Richardson. N.Y..
Johannesburg — Fred D. Fisher. Ore.. C...
—Elliott V. Richardson. N.Y.. C.
Kingston. Jam.— C. L. Latham. N. C., C.
. wasmngton. ij. u.. v...
P. Skinner, O.. C.-G. . . .
Memminger. Fla.. C
Jeblinger. W. Va.. C
. . . . , . .. ~.
Kingston. Ont.— F. S. S. Johnson. N. J.. C
Leeds— Percival Gassett. D. C.. C .........
Liverpool — H. L. Washington. D. C.. jO. ..
London — Robert P. Skinner,
Madras — Lucien 3
Malta— Wilbur Ke_
Manchester— Ross E. Holaday. O.. C ......
Melbourne— W. C. Magrelssen. Minn., C.-G.
Moncton— B. M. Rasmussen, Iowa, C ----
Montreal— James L. Rogers. O.. C.-G .....
Nairobi— Stillman W. Eels, N. Y.. C .....
Nassau — Lorin A. Lathrop. Calif.. C ____
Newcastle, N.S.W.— L. N. Sullivan. Pa.. C.
Newcastle-on-Tyne— W. C. Hamm., Pa., C.
Niagrara Falls— James B. Miln?r, Ind.. C.
Nottingham— Calvin M. Hitch. Ga.. C... .
Ottawa— John G. Foster, Vt.. C.-G .......
Penangr— ( Vacancy) . C ....................
Plymouth— J. G. Stephens. Ind.. C .......
Port Antonio — Charles E. Asbury. Ind.. C.
Port Elizabeth— John W. Dye. Minn., C..
Prescott— Frank C. Denison. Vt.. C ......
Prince Rupert— E. A. Wakefield. Me.. C.
Quebec — E. H. Denn:&on, O.. C ...........
Rangoon — Lawrence P. Briggrs, Mich..C. .
Regina— J. H. Johnson, Tex.. C ..........
Riviere du Loup — B. S. Rairden, Me., C. ..
St. John. N. B — Hen'-y S. Culver. O.. C. .
St. John's. N. F.— J. S. Benedict. N. Y.. C.
St. Stephen— Alonzo B. Garrett. W.Va.. C.
Sarnia— Fred C. Sinter. Kas.. C ..........
Sault Ste. Marie— G. W. Shotts. Mich.. C.
Sheffield— John M. Savage. N. J.. C ......
Sherbrooke — Chester Donaldson. N. Y.. C.
Singapore— E. N. Gunsaulus. O., C.-G ____
Southampton — A. W. Swalm, Iowa, C...
Stoke-on-Trent— R. S. S. Berg'h. N. D., C.
Swansea — (Vacancy) , C ...................
Sydney, N. S.— C. M. Freeman. N. H.. C.
Sydney. N. S. W.— J. I. Brittain. O., C -G.
Toronto— Chester W. Martin. Mich.. C...
Trinidad— Henry D. Baker. 111.. C ........
Vancouver— George N. West. D. C., C.-G.
Victoria— Robert B. Mosher, D. C., C .....
Windsor. Ont.— M. J. Hendrick. N. Y.. C.
Winnipeg— Fredk. M-. Ryder. Conn., C.-G.
Yarmouth — J. J. C. Watson, Ky., C ......
.000
2.500
4.000
3.000
3.000
4.000
. 3.500
. 2,500
2.500
4.000
2.500
4,500
5.500
5,500
3.500
8,000
3.500
5.000
2.500
4.000
3,000
3.000
8,000
12,000
3,000
3,000
6,000
4.500
3.000
8,000
2.500
3,500
3.000
3.000
3,000
4.500
8,000
2.500
2 500
2.500
2.500
2,500
3.500
3,500
2.500
2.500
3.000
3,500
2.500
2.500
2.500
2 500
Athens— Alex. W. Weddell, Va.. C.-G....
Patras^Arthur B. Cooke. S. C.. C ........
Salonika — George Horton, HI., C ..........
4.500
3.000
4.500
GUATEMALA.
Guatemala— Ezra M. Lawton. O., C.-G.. 3,000
HAITI.
Cape Haitien— L. W. Livingston. Fla.. C.
Port au Prince— John B. Terres. N. Y., C.
.000
.000
HONDURAS.
Ceiba — Charles N. Willard. Kas.. C S2.500
Puerto Cortes— (Vacancy). C 2,500
Tegucigalpa— Geo. K. Donald. Ala.. C... 2.500
ITALY.
Catania— Robert B. Bradford. Neb.. C.. 2.500
Florence— F. T. F. Dumont, Pa.. C 3.500
Genoa— David F. Wilber, N. Y.. C.-G 5.500
Leg-horn— William J. Grace, N. Y.. C 3.000
Milan— North Winship. Ga.. C 4.000
Naples— B. Harvey Carroll. Tex.. C 3.000
Palermo— Samuel H. Shank. Ind.. C 3.500
Rome— Francis B. Keene. Wia., C 4.500
Turin— Joseph E. Haven. 111.. C 3.000
Venice-^John S. Armstrong, N. C.. €...'. 2.600
JAPAN.
Dairen— A. A. Williamson. D. C.. C 4.000
Kobe— Robert Frazer. Jr.. Pa.. C 5.000
Nagasaki— Edwin L. Neville. O.. C 3.500
Seoul— Leo A. Bergholz. N. Y.. C.-G 4.500
Taihoku.Taiwan— M.D.Kirjassoff.Conn.,C. 2,500
Yokohama— Geo. H. Scidmore. Wis.. C.-G. 8.000
KONGO.
Boma— Harry A. McBride. Mich., C.-G. . . 2.500
LIBERIA.
Monrovia— (Vacancy). C.-G 6.000
MEXICO.
Acapulco; — John A. Gamon. HI., C.
Aguascalientes — (Vacancy). C
Chihuahua— James B. Stewart, N. M., C. 2,
Ciudad Juarez— Edward A. Dow. Neb.. C.
Durango — (Vacancy). C
Ensenada— Sydney Smith. Texas, C
Frontera — Thomas D. Bowman, Mo.. C.
Guadalajara— (Vacancy) . C
Guaymas — Barliey F. Yost. Kas.. C.
Manzanillo— Harry L. Walsh. Md.. C...
Matam or os— Gilbert R. Wilson. Tex.. C.
Mazatlan— Wm. E. Chapman. Okla.. C. .
Mexican— Walter F. Boyle. Ga.. C
Mexico— G. A. Chamberlain. N. M.. C.-G. 6.0(
Monterey— P. C. Hanna. Iowa. C.-G 4.5(
Nogales— (Vacancy). C 2-2
Nuevo Laredo— (Vacancy). C 3.000
Piedras Negras— (Vacancy). C 2.500
Progreso-0. G. Marsh. Wash.. C 2,500
Salina Cruz— L. Burlingham. N. Y., C... 2.500
Saltillo— Harry C. Morgan. HI.. C 2.oOO
San Luis Potosi-Cornelius Ferris. Col.,C. 3.500
Tampico-^laude I. Dawson. S. C., C 3.50i
Torreon— Henry M. Walcott. N. Y., C.... 3.000
Vera Cruz— Paul H. Foster. Texas. C.... 2,500
MOROCCO.
Tangier— Maxwell Blake, Mo., C.-G 3.500
NETHERLANDS.
Amsterdam— Frank W. Mahin. Iowa, C.. 5.000
F.atavia— John F. Jewell. HI.. C B-°2£
Curacao — Charles Forman. La.. C S-5xS
Mendan— A. E. Carleton, Vt.. C... ....... 2.500
Rotterdam— Soren Listoe. Minn.. C.-G 5.500
Soerabaya— Henry Campbell. Kas.. C 2.500
NICARAGUA.
Blueflelds— John O. Sanders. Tex., C 2.500
Corinto— A. J. McConnico. Miss.. C 3.000
NORWAY.
Bergen— Georg-e N. Ifft. Idaho. C 4.500
rhristiania— Marion Letcher. Ga.. C.-G. '
5.500
3.000
3.500
4,000
5,500
3,000
Stavang-er— Henry C. A. Damm. Tenn.. C
Trondhjem— Milo A. Jewett. Mass.. C...
PANAMA.
Colon— Julius H. Dreher. S. C.. C
Panama— A. G. Snyder. W. Va., C.-G...
PARAGUAY.
Asuncion— Henry H. Balch. Ala.. €
PERSIA.
Tabriz— Gordon Paddock. N. Y., C 3,500
Teheran— Ralph H. Bader. Va.. C 2.500
"P'F'R.TT
Callao— William W. Handley. N. Y., O... 5.500
PORTUGAL.
Funchal — G. H. Kemper. Ky., C 3.000
Lisbon— Will L. Lowne. 111.. C.-G 4.500
Lourenco Marques — John A. Ray. Tex., C. 3.500
St. Michels— Robert L. Keiser. Ind.. C... 2.500
402
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
RUSSIA AND FINLAND.
Archangel— (Vacancy) , C
Helsingfors— Thornwell Haynes. Ala.. C.
Irkutsk— Ernest L. Harris. 111.. C.-G
Moscow — (Vacancy) . C.-G
Murmansk— Maurice C. Pierce. Wis.. C...
Odessa — (Vacancy) . C
Omsk— Arthur L. Dille. N. Y., C
Petrogrrad— R. C. Tredwell. -Ind., C
Riera— (Vacancy) . C
Tiflis»— John A. Wood. H. L, C
Vladivostok— John K. Caldwell. O., C
Warsaw — (Vacancy), C
. SALVADOR.
San Salvador— (Vacancy). V.-C
SERBIA.
Belgrade— (Office temporarily closed).
SIAM.
Bangkok— Carl C. Hansen. Cal., V.-C. ...
SPAIN.
Almeria — Gaston Smith. La., C
Barcelona— Carl B. Hurst. D. C., C.-<3-
Bilbao— (Vacancy), C
Cadiz— (Vacancy). C
Gijon— David C. Kerr. N. Y.. V.-C
Madrid— Ely E. Palmer. R. L. C
Malaga— Louis G. Dreyfus. Cal., C
Palma de Malorca— J. H. Goodier. N.Y.. C.
Santander— John H. Grout. Mass., C
Seville— (Vacancy) . C
$2,500
4.500
5.500
2.500
3.500
2.500
3,500
3.500
4.000
1:888
Teneriffe— George K. Stiles, Md.. C $3,000
Valencia— John R. Putnnm. Ore.. C 2.500
Vig-o— Edward I. Nathan. Pa.. C 3. 000
SWEDEN.
Gothenburg— Walter H. Sholee. Okla.. C. 3.500
Malmo — P. W. Burnham. Va.. C 2.500
Stockholm— Albert Halsted. D. C.. C.-G.. 8,000
SWITZERLAND.
Basel— Philip Holland. Tenn.. C 4.000
Bern— William P. Kent. Tenn.. C 4 500
Geneva— T>wis W. H^skell, S. C., C 3.500
St. Gall— William J. Pike, Pa., C 4.500
Zurich— Leo J. Keena, Mich., C.-G 6,600
URUGUAY.
Montevideo— William Dawson. Minn., €. . 4,000
VENEZUELA.
La Guaira— Homer Brett, Miss., C 3 500
Maracaibo— Emil Sauer, Tex.. C 3.500
Puerto Cabello— -Frank A. Henry. Del., €. 2.500
NOT ELSEWHERE LISTED.
Aleppo-^J-fese B. Jackson. O.. C , ,. 3.500
Alexandria— Arthur Garrels. Mo.. C. ..„. 5.500
Apia— Mason Mitchell, N. Y.. C... . 3.500
Bagdad— Oscar S. Heizer. Iowa., C... . 3000
Cairo— Hampson Gary. Texas. C>G 6.500
Constantinople— G. Bie Ravndal, S. B.,
C.-G 8.000
Jerusalem— Otis A. Glazebrook, Va.. C.. 3500
Tsingtau— Willys R. Peck, Cal., C 4,000
FOREIGN EMBASSIES AND LEGATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Argentine Republic — Dr. Thomas A. Le Breton,
A. E. and P.
Mr. Federico M. Quintana, counselor.
Austria-Hungary— (Diplomatic relations sev-
ered.)
Belgium— Baron E. de Cartier Marchienne. E. E.
and M. P.
Charles Symon, counselor.
Bolivia— Senor Don I. Calderon, E. E. and M. P.
Brazil— Mr. Domicio da Gama. A. E. and M. P.
Mr. Alberto de I. Moreira, first secretary.
Bulgaria— (Mr. Stephan Panaretoff, E. E. and
M P
Dr. George N. Poulieff, secretary.
Chile — Senor Don Beltran Mathieu. A. B. and
Senor Don Gustavo Munizapa Varela, coun-
selor.
China— Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo.
Mr. Yung Kwai, counselor.
Colombia— Sen or Dr. Carlos Adolfo Urueta. E.
E. and M. P.
Senor Don Alfonso Delgado, secretary.
Costa Rica— (Absent.)
Cuba— Dr. C. M. de Cespedes. E. E. and M. P.
Dr. Arturo Padro y Almeida, secretary.
Denmark— Mr. Constantin Bran, E. E. and M. P.
Pftter Schou. secretary.
Dominican Republic— Senor Dr. Luis Galvan. E.
E. and M. P.
Ecuador — Senor Dr. Don Rafael H. Elizalde,
E. E. and M. P.
Finland— Mr. Armas H. Saastamoinen, E. E.
and M. P.
Mr. E. lives, secretary.
France — Mr. J. J. Jusserand. A. E. and P.
Mr. Charles de Chambrun. counselor.
Germany — (Diplomatic relations severed.)
Great Britain— Viscount Edward Grey. A. E.
and M. P.
Mr. Colville Barclay, M. P. and counselor of
embassy.
Mr. Henry G. Chilton. secretary
Greece— Mr. George Rousses. E. E. and M. P.
Guatemala— Senor Don Joaquin Mendez, E. E.
and M. P.
Senor Don Francisco Sanchez Latour, eecre-
Haiti— Mr. Charles Moravia. E. E. and M. P.
Mr. Albert Blanchet. secretary.
Honduras— S«nor Don Jose A. Lopez Gutierrez,
E. E. and M. P.
Senor Don R. Camilo Diaz, secretary.
Italy— Baron Rom::no Avezzano. A. E. and P
Baron Pietro Arove di Valentine, secretary.
Japan— Kijuro Shidehara. A E. and P Mr
Katsui Debuchi. counselor.
Mexico— Senor Ignacia Bonillas.
Senor Dr. Juan B. Rojo. counselor
Montenegro— Gen. Antoine Gvosdenovitch. E. E.
•and M. P.
Netherlands— Mr. J. T. Cremer. E. E. and
Johnkeer Dr. W. A. de Beaufort, counselor
Nicaragua— Senor Don Manuel de Chamorro.
Senor Don Manuel Zavala. secretary.
Norway— Mr. H. H. Bryn, E. E. and M P.
Mr. Erik K. Birkholm, secretary
Panama— Senor Dr. Don Belisario Porras. E. E
and M. P.
Paraguay— Mr. Manuel Gondra. E. E. & M. P.
Persia— Sadigh-el-Suelanes, E. E. and M. P.
Mirza Ah Kuh Khan, counselor
Peru— Sono-Dr. Don Francisco Tudela y Varela
A. E. and M. P.
Poland— Prince Casimir Lubomirski. E. E. and
Portugal— Viscount de Alte. E. E. and M P
Roumania— Mr. N. H. Lahovary, counselor and
charge d'affaires.
Russia— Mr. Boris A. Bakhmetieff. A. E and P
Salvador— Senor Dr. Don Salvador Sol M.. E. E.
and M. P.
Serbs. Ooats and Slovenes— Dr. Slavko Y
Grouitch, E. E. and M. P.
Siam— Prince Phya Prabha Karavonese. E. E
and M. P.
Mr. Edward H. Loftus. secretary.
Spain— Spnor Don Juan Riano y Gayangos. A.
E. and P.
iSenor Don Juan Francisco de Cardenas, coun-
selor.
Sweden— Mr. W. A. F. Ekengren. E. E. & M. P.
Judge Erik Sjobergr, counselor of legation
Switzerland— Mr. Marc Peter. E. E. and M. P.
Turkey— (Diplomatic relations severed)
Uruguay— Mr. Pedro Cosio. E. E. and M P.
Venezuela— Senor Dr. Santos A. Dominici E E
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 19°0.
403
The apportio
grress, under 1
1840. inclusiv
by a separate
census of 18.f
permanent, pr<
fixed the nun
at 233, and d
terior thereaft
The apportion
under this In1
1862. fix^d tl
tives at 241. s
apportioned tl
The apportion
BUS of 1870 vi
a separate act
the power cor
interior by th<
State. If
Alabama
nment of
he first
e — was rr
act. T
>0. whicl
sented a
iber of i
irected tl
er to ma
ment of
w, but c
le total
nd the s
le new
ments fr<
'ere mad
; hence i
ferred 01
5 act of .
EEPB
)10. 1900
10 9
•1 ....
7 7
LI 8
4 3
5 5
1 1
4 3
12 11
2 1
APPORTIONMENT OF
[From census
representatives in con-
six censuses — 1790 to
tade by congress, each
tie law for taking- the
i was intended to be
rule of apportionment,
nembers of the house
le secretary of the in-
ke the apportionment.
1860 was also made
ongress, on March 4,
number of representa-
gcretary of the interior
quotas to the states.
5m and after the cen-
s by congress, each bj
t may be assiimed tha
i the secretary of the
May 23. 1850. was re-
ESENTATIVES TJNDEI
. 1890. 1880. 1870. 1860
9886
REPRESEN
bureau repor
rivaled by ir
the dates of
ratio of por
Census. Dat
1910— Aug-. f
1900— Jan. 1
1890— Feb. 1
1880— Feb. 2
1870— Feb. 2
3860— May 2
1850— May S
i 8*0— June
1830— May $
1820— May •/
1810— Df>c. 2
1800— Jan. 1
1790— April
. . . . — Consti
I EACH API
1850.1840.1
7 7
TAT
t.l
npli
th<
;ulat
»
?.' If
6. 3
. IS
5. 3
. 18
3. 3
3. I
?5.
2. 1
. If
1. 3
4. ]
14.
tuti<
>OR'
830
5
IVES.
nation.
1 appo
ion to
11..
901
The following1
rtionment p<-ts ar
each representati
21
shows
d the
ve:
Ratio.
1.877
)4,182
r3,901
.1,911
51.425
7.381
>3,423
r0680
t7.700
0.000
(5.000
53 000
If
91 . . . .
...1"
882..
. 11
72..
ir
R50 . .
850..
3«"2
15
j
832 . .
.. A
4
2°
811 .
{
802
\
1792.
>n, 175
riONM
1820.
3
... c
t3.000
50.000
1789.
39
L
[ENT.
1810.
*1
1800. 1790.
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut..
Delaware
Florida •
6
7
2
4
1
2
11
1
5
6
1
4
1
2
10
•1
4
4
•1
4
1
2
9
3
3
2
1
*2
•1
4
1
1
7
4
1
1
8
4
1
•1
8
6
1
6
1
7
2
7
1
7
1
{
Georgia
Idaho
9
7
0
4
2
3
Illinois
27
13
11
8
11
6
16
18
10
8
16
2
6
1
2
12
•1
43
10
3
25
13
11
8
11
6
34
12
9
8
16
1
6
1
f>
10
'37
10
o
13
11
8
11
6
13
12
7
7
15
1
6
1
o
8
'34
9
1
20
13
11
7
6
12
11
5
7
14
*1
3
1
7
*34
9
*1
19
13
9
6
5
6
11
9
3
6
13
14
11
6
5
10
6
o
g
9
9
11
2
7
10
*2
3
7
1
3
•1
*1
Maryland".'.".".
Massach'ts..
Michigan.. . .
Minnesota.. .
Mississippi...
Missouri.. . .
Montana
Nebraska...
Nevada
N. Hamp're.
New Jersey.
New Mexico
New York. .
N. Carolina.
N Dakota
10
4
6
6
11
4
*2
5
7
10
4
7
6
10
3
13
3
8
8
12
•1
12
3
7
9
13
10
•1
7
9
13
6
2
9
17
8
14
6
8
4
5
2
2
1
1
*1
....
1
1
3
7
•1
*1
3
5
3
5
4
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
4
5
3
33
8
31
7
33
8
34
9
40
13
n
27
13
37
12
10
10
6
6
Ohio
Oklahoma. .
22
8
3
36
3
7
8
10
18
2
2
10
5
6
11
1
21
•5
2
32
7
2
10
16
2
10
3
5
11
1
21
' ' '6
30
21
'"i
28
20
19
21
21
19
14
6
*1
1
27
1
24
*1
25
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
S. Carolina..
S.Dakota....
Tennessee. . .
24
28
2
9
26
2
9
23
9
18
o
8
13
2
6
8
1
5
7
10
31
*1
o
10
4
10
1
7
10
11
"2
30
•1
4
9
•1
5
4
6
7-
10
6
8
4
10
o
11
13
9
6
3
•i
....
3
9
3
8
a
11
8
13
4
15
5
21
•»6
6
23
4
09
2
19
"io
Virginia ....
Washington..
W. Virginia..
Wisconsin...
Wyoming
"6
3
*2
Total 4
:33
to
380 356
5 1
new states
325
7
after
292 241 234 223
1239
apportionment. Included
240
2
in
213
tatle.
181 141
5 1
but not in
105
1
total
65
under
Added* ....
•Assigned
apportionment
FASTEST TRIPS AROUND THE WORLD.
Made by John Henry Mears in 1913 — 35 Made by Henry Frederick in 1903—54 day*
days °1 hours 36 minutes.
7 hours 20 minutes.
.
Made by Andre Jaeger-Schmidt in 1911—39 Made by Nellie Ely (Mrs. Nellie Seaman) in
days 42 minutes 38 seconds. 1889—72 days 6 hours 11 minutes.
404
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
PRESIDENTS AND THEIR CABINETS.
PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT.
Secretary of state
Secy, of treasury.
Secretary of war.
•George Washington.* John Adams 1789
T.Jefferson 1789
E. Randolph. 1794
T. Pickering 1795
Alex. Hamilton.. 1789
Oliver Wolcott.,1795
Henry Knox... 1789
T. Pickering... 17U5
Jas.McHenry..l79«
John Adams Thomas Jefferson. .1797
T. Pickering 1797
John Marshall...] SOU
Ol i ver Wol cott. . . 1797
Samuel Dexter . .1801
Jas.McHenry..l797
John Marshall. 1800
Sam'l Dexter.. 1800
R. Griswold....l801
•Thomas Jefferson ..Aaron Burr 1801
•George Clinton. . . .1805
James Madison.. 1801
Samuel Dexter.. 1801
Albert Gal latin. .1801
H. Dearborn... 1801
•James Madison tGeorge Clinton. . . .1809
Elbridge Gerry 1813
Robert Smith.... 1809
J ames Monroe. . .1811
Albert Gal latin. .1809
G.W.Campbell.. 1814
A.J.Dallas 1814
W. H. Crawford. 1816
Wm.Eustls....l809
J. Armstrong.. 1813
Tames Monroe. 1814
W.H.Crawford 1815
•James Monroe *D. D. Tompkins . . .1817
J.Q.Adams 1817
W.H. Crawford. 18 17
Isaac Shelby... 1817
Geo. Graham.. 1817
J. C. Calhoun.. 1817
John Q Adams . .*JohnC. Calhoun.. 1825
Henry Clay 1825
Richard Rush.... 1825
Jas. Barbour...l825
Peter B. Porter. 1828
Andrew Jackson. . . .tTohn C. Calhoun . .1829
Martin Van Buren. 1833
M. Van Buren.... 1829
E.Livingston.... 1831
Louis McLane.... 1833
John Forsyth....l834
Sam. D. Ingham.1829
Louis McLane. . ..1831
W.J. Duane 1833
Roger B. Taney.,1833
Lev! Woodbury..l834
John H.Eaton. 1829
LewisCass 1831
B. F. Butler. .. .1837
Martin Van Buren . . . R. M. Johnson 1837
John Foray th... 1837
Levi Woodbury.,1837
JoelR.Poinsettl831
Wm. H. Harrison.. .John Tyler 1841
Daniel Webster.. 1841
Thos. Ewing 1841
John Bell 1841
John Tyler 1841
Daniel Webster.. 1841
Hugh S. Legare..l843
AbelP.Upshur.,1843
John C. Calhoun.1844
Thos. Ewing 1841
Walter Forward. 1841
John C. Spencer..l843
Geo.M. Bibb 1844
John Bell 1841
John McLean.. 1841
J.C. Spencer... 1841
Jas.M. Porter.. 1843
Wm. Wilkins.,1844
James K. Polk George M. Dallas.. 1845
JamesBuchananl845
Robt. J.Walker. 1845
Wm. L. Marcy. 1845
tZachary Taylor Millard Fillmore . .1849
John M. Clayton.1849
Wm. M.Meredith 18 fti
G.W.Crawford.1849
Millard Fillmore 1850
Daniel Webster.,1850
Edward Everett.,1852
Thomas Corwin.. 1850
C. M.Conrad... 1850
Franklin Pierce tWilliam R. King . .1853
W. L. Marcy 1853
Tames Guthrie. ..185.1
Jefferson Davis 1853
James Buchanan ... J. C. Breckinridge. .1857
LewisCass 1857
J. S. Black I860
Howell Cobb 1857
Philip F.Thomas.lS60
John A. Dix 1861
JobnB. Floyd.. lavr
Joseph Holt.... 18B1
•tAbraham Lincoln.. Hannibal Hamlin..lB(>1
Andrew Johnson... 18(55
W. H. Seward. . ..1861
Salmon P. Chase.lStll
W. P. Fessenden.l8T4
HughMcCulloch.lSCo
S.Cameron 1861
E. M. Stanton.,1862
Andrew Johnson lU5o
W. H. Seward. . . .1865
HughMcCulloch.1865
K. M.Stanton..l865
U. S. Grant 1867
L. Thomas 1868
J. M.Schofield.1868
•Ulysses S. Grant Sehnyler Colfax . . .1'3R°
tHenry Wilson loTJ
IS. B.Washburne.1869
Hamilton Fish.. .1809
Geo.S.Boutwell 1869
W.A.Richardson.1873
Benj. H. Bristow.!S74
Lot M.Morrill...l87b
J. A. Rawlins.,1869
W T.Sherman. 1869
W.W. Belknap.1869
Alphonso Taft. 1876
J. D. Cameron. 1876
Hutiieriord B.Hayes. Wm. A. Wheeler.. .18; .
W. M. E vans.... 1877
John Sherman. .1877
G. W.McCrary.1877
Alex.Ramsev. 1879
tJaraes A. Garlield . .Chester A. Arthur.,1881
James G. jLnaiue.iooi
Wm. Windom 1881
li. T. Lincoln. .1881
Chester A. Arthur 18*
F. T. Frelinghuy-
sen 1881
Chas. J. Folger...l881
W.Q. Gresham..l884
Hugh McCulloch.1884
R. T.Lincoln... 1881
Qrover Cleveland fT.A.Hendricks — 1885
Thos. F. Bayard. 1885
Daniel Manning. 1885
Chas.S. Fail-child 1887
W. C. Endicott. 1885
Benjamin Harrison.. Levi P. Morton 1881)
James G. Elaine. 1889 Wm. Windom....l889
John W. Foster. .1892; Charles Foster. . .189J
R. Proctor 1889
S. B Elkins....l891
Grover Cleveland. . . . Adlai E. Stevensonl893
W. Q. Gresham.,1893
Richard Olney. . .1S95
John G. Carlisle.,1893
D. S. Lament... 1893
•tWilliamMcKinley.tGarret A. Hobart ..1897
TheodoreRooseveltl901
John Sherman. . . lbt»7
Wm. R. Day 1897
John Hay 1898
Lyinan J. Gage . .1897
K A.Alger 1897
Elihu Root 1899
Theodore Roosevelt 11)01
Chas.W. Fairbanksl905
John Hayt. 1901
Elihu Root 190;')
Robert Bacon.... 1909
Lyman J. Gage . . 1901
Leslie M. Shaw.. 1!K)2
G B.Cortelyou..l907
Klihu Hoot 1901
Wm. H. TaTt...l904
Luke TC.Wrightl908
William H. Taft tJames S. Sherman.1909 P. C. linox 11)09
F.MacVeagh 1909
.I.M.Dickinson. 1909
H.L Stimson. 1911
•Woodrow Wilson. . . .*Thos. R. Marshall 1913 Wm. J. Brvan .... 1913 W. G. McAdoo. . .1913
1 Robert Lansing.. 1915jCarter Glass. . . . 1918
L.M. Garrison. 1913
N. D. Baker.... 1916
*Elected two consecutive terms. tDied while in office. JResigned.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
406
PRESIDENTS AND THEIR CABINETS.-CONTINUED.
Secretary of navy. | Secretary of interior.
Postmaster-general. | Attorney-general. Sec. agriculture.
K^fnnlishod
> art a : 1849.
^amuel Ospood 1789
Timothy Pickeringl791
I os. Habersham....l795
E. Randolph 1789
Wm. Bradford.. .1794
Charles Lee 17(.>5
Established
Feb. 11.1889.
,
Benj. Stoddert 171*
Jos. Habersham. ...1797
Charles Lee 179"
Theo. Parsons. . .1801
Benj. Stoddert 1801
Robert Smith 1801
J. Crowninshield...l805
Jos. Habersham... 1801
Gideon Granger... 1801
Levi Lincoln 1801
Robt, Smith 1805
J. Breckinridge..l805
C.A.Rodney 1807
Paul Hamilton 18W
William Jones 1813
B.VV.Crowninshield.'U
Gideon Granger. . . 1809
R.J. Meigs.Jr 1814
C.A.Rodney 180!
Wm. Pinckney...l811
William Rush. ...1814
B.W.Crowninshield.'l?
Smith Thompson. .1818
S. L. Southard 1823
LI. J.Melgs, Jr 1817
J ohn McLean 1823
William Rush... .181"
William Wirt.... 181"
S.I,. Southard 182f
John McLean 1825
William Wirt.... 1825
John Branch ls'^1
Lev! Woodburv. . . .1831
Mahlon Dickefson.1831
Wm. T.Barry 1829
Amos Kendall 1835
John M. Berrien. 1829
Roger B.Taney..l83
B. F.Butler 1833
Matalon Dickerson.lSo?
Amos Kendall.... 1837
John M. Niles 1840j
B. F. Butler 183"
Felix Grundy... .1838
H. D. Gllpin 1840
George E. Badger.. 1841
Panels Granger. ..1841
J. J. Crittenden.184
George E. Badger.. 1841
Abel P. Upshur .. .1841
David Hen8baw...l8ti
Thomas W.Gilmer.1814
John V. Mason. ...1844
Francis Granger.. .1841
C. A. Wickliffe 1841
J. J. Crittenden.184
Hugh S.Legare.. 184
John Nelson 1843
George Bancroft... 1846
John Y. Mason 184t
Cave Johnson 1845
John Y. Mason.. 1845
Nathan Clifford.. 184(
Isaac Toucey 1848
William B. Preston. lS4<j
Thomas Ewing ItUi
Jacob Collamer 184S
Reverdy Johnsonl84i)
William A. Graham. 'oO-Thomas A.Pearce..l85C
John P. Kennedy.. 185* T. M. T. McKernonl85(J
A. 11. H.Stuart.... 185C
Nathan K. Hall.. ..185C
Sam D Hubbard... 1852
J. J. Cnttenden..l85C
James C Dohhin... 1353 Robt. McClelland.. 1853
James Campbell. . .185o Caleb Cushing. . .1853
Jacob Thompson.. 185"
Aaron V. Brown. .1857
Joseph Holt 185^
J.S. Biack 1857
Edw. M. Stanton.l86(]
Gideon Welles 1801 Caleb B. Smith 1861
John P. Usher 1863
Montgomery Blair.1861
William Dennison.1864
Edward Bates... 186
Titian J. Coffey..l8txi
JamesSpeed 1864
Gideon Welles 1865John P. Usher 18»o
James Harlan 18(J5
|O. H. Browning. . . .1866
William Dennison.1865
A. W Randall 1866
James Speed 1865
Henry Stanbery .18*'*
Wm.M. Evarts...l868
Adolph E. Borie...l86y| Jacob D. Cox 18tfJ
George M.Robesonl869;Columbus Delano.. 1871
Zach Chandler 1875
J. A. J. Creswell...l869
Tas. W.Marshall.. .1874
Marshall Jewell... 1874
James N. Tyner...l87b
E. R. Hoar 1861
A. T. Ackerman.,1870
Geo.H. Williams. 187
Edw. Pierrepont.1875
Alphonso Taft...l876
R. W. Thompson.. 1877
NathanGoff. Jr.... 1881
Carl Schurz 1ST
David M. Key 1877jChas.Devens 187"
Horace Maynard.,1880^
W. H. Hunt Io81 S. J. Kirkwood 1881
T. L. James 1881 W.Mac Veagh.... 188
W. E. Chandler. . . .ISSJjHenry M.Teller. . . .188J
T. O Howe 1881 B.H.Brewster... 1881
W.Q.Gresham 1883
Frank Hatton 1884
W. C. Whitney 1885IL. Q. C. Lamar 1885
Wm. F. Vilas 1888
Wm. F. Vilas 1885.A.H. Garland.... 1885
D.M.Dickinson 1888
N. J. Colman.1889
Benj. F. Tracy 1889'john W. Noble 1889
J. Wanamaker 1889W.H.H. Miller.. 188v
.M. Rusk ..1889
Hilary A. Uerbertl893iHoko Smith 1898
D. R. Francis 1896
W. S. Bissell 1893R.01ney 189:
W. L. Wilson 1895J. Harmon 1895
. S. Morton. 18U3
John D. Long 1897
;. N. Bliss 1897
E A Hitchcock.... 1899
Tames A.Gary 1897
Chas.E. Smith 1898
l.McKenna 18;i7
J. W. Griggs 1897
P.C. Knox 1901
. Wilson 1897
John D Long 1901
E.A.Hitchcock 1901
I. R. Garfleld 1907
Chas.E. Smith 1901
Henry C. Pa vne.... 1902
Robt. J.Wynne 1904
j.B Cortelyou 1SX)5
J. von L.Meyer.. 1907
t .C. Knox 1901
W.H. Moody 1904
C. J.Bonaparte.. .1907
J.Wilson 1901
Wm . 1 1 . Moody 1902
Paul Morton 1004
C.J. Bonaparte.... 1905
Victor H. Metcalf.1907
T. H. Newberry...l908
G. von L. Meyer ... 1909
R. A. Ball inger. ...1909
rt^.L. Fisher 1911
F. H.Hitchcock.... 1909
G.W.Wickersh'ml909
.Wilson 19W
Josephus Daniels. 1913, F. K.Lane 1913
A.. 8. Burleson 1913
J.C.Mcfieynolds.l'Jlo
Thos. W.Gregory. 1914
A.M. Palmer.... 1919
D.F.Houston.1918
Secretary of commerce and labor (department established Feb. 14. 19Ub)— George B. Cortelyon.
1903; Victor H. Metcalf, law-l'JOB; Oscar S. Straus. 1907-1909; Charles Nagel. 1909. Secretary of Commerce,
Wm. C. liedneld, 1913. Secretary of labor (dept. established March 4, 1913)— William B. Wilson, 1913.
406
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE.
REQUIREMENTS
FOR VOTERS IN THB
VARIOUS STATES
AND IN ALASKA.
Stite Co. Tn. Prot.
3m 3m
2y.
>0d
30d30d
Gm30d30d
90d
30 d
6m
30 d
M
JM
ALABAMA— Citizens of good char-
acter and understanding; aliens
who have declared intention;
must, show poll-tax receipt.
ALASKA— Citizens, male and f e- 1 y. 30 d
ARIZONA— Male and female citi- 1 y
zens of the United States.
ARKANSAS— Like Alabama, ex- ly
cept as to "good character."
CALIFORNIA-Citizens. male and ly
female; naturalized for 90 days.
or treaty of Queretaro.
COLORADO-Citizens,ma
male; aliens who declared inten-
tion 4 months before election.
CONNECTICUT — Citizens who ly
can read English.
DELAWARE— Citizens paying $1
registration fee.
FLORIDA— Citizens of the U. S.
GEORGIA— Citizens who can read
andhavepaid all taxessince 1877.
IDAHO — Citizens, male and fe- 6m30d3mlO«
ILLINOIS— Citizens, male and fe- ly. 90d30d30d
male (restricted), of the U. S.
INDIANA — Citizens; aliens who 6m!60d|fiOd30d
have declared intention and re-
sided 1 year in United States.
IOWA— Citizens of United States. 6m Wd I0< JOd
KANSAS — Citizens; aliens who 6m 30 d 30 d 10 d
have declared intention; women
vote at general as well as school
KENTUCKY— Citizens of the U. S. 1 y. 6m60d!fiOd
LOUISIANA — Citizens who areSy.ly
able to read and write, who own
$300 worth of property or whose
father or grandfather was en-
titled to vote Jan. 1, 1867.
_A1NE— Citizens of the U.S.
MARYLAND— Citizens of United
States who can read
MASSACHUSETTS-Citizenswho ly
can read and write English.
MICHIGAN-Citizens; aliens who
declared intention prior to May
MINNESOTA — Citizens of the 6m 30d30d30d
United Stales.
MISSISSIPPI — Citizens who can
read or understand the constitu-
tion of the state.
MISSOURI — Citizens, aliens who
have declared intention not
less than 1 nor more than 5 years
before offering to vote.
MONTANA— Citizens of United
States, male and female.
NEBUASKA-Citizens;alienswho 6
have declared intention 30 days
before election.
NEVADA — Citizens of United
States, male and female.
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Citizens of 6 n
United States.
NEW .lERSEY-Citizens of Unit- ly
ed States.
NEW MEXICO— Male citizens U.S.
NEW YORK — Male and female ly
citizens; 90 days.
NORTH CAROLINA— Citizens of 2y.
United States who can read.
NORTH DAKOTA— Citizens; male ly.
and female (restricted); civil-
ized Indians.
OHIO- Citizens of the U. S. 1 y.
Residence re-
quired before
election day.
3 m 3 m 3
ly
Yes.
30dNo.
3m
Um6ml d.
Rm20d20d20d
fiOd60d60d
30d30d30d
40dlOdlOd
Iy.90d30d30d
" . 4m30d~"
S0d20d20d
ly.
°>0d30d30d Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
res.
....4m
90 d
Yes.
Persons under guardianship, non compos mentis,
insane or convicted of treason or felony.
Idiots, insane, convicts until pardoned, nonpay-
ment of poll tax.
Yes. Chinese, insane, embezzlers of public moneys,
convicts.
No.
res.
Yes.
(a)
Yes.
Yes.
No.
r'el
Yes.
Yes.
Yea.
Yes.
(d)
Yes.
(e)
Yes.
(6)
Excluded from
voting.
If convicted of treason, embezzlement of public
funds, malfeasance in office or other peniten-
tiary offenses, idiots or insane.
Persons under guardianship, insane, idiots, pris-
oners convicted of bribery.
Convicted of felony or other infamous crime
unless pardoned.
Insane, idiots, felons, paupers.
Persons not registered, insane, convicts.
Persons convicted of crimes punishable by lm«
prisonment. insane, delinquent taxpayers.
Chinese, Indians, insane, felons, polygamists,
bigamists, traitors, bribers.
Convicts of penitentiary until pardoned.
Convicts and persons disqualified by judgment
of a court, United States soldiers, marines and
sailors.
Idiots, insane, convicts.
Insane, persons under guardianship, convicts,
bribers, defrauders of the government and per-
sons dishonorably discharged from service of
United States.
Treason, felony, bribery, idiots, insane.
Idiots, insane, all crimes punishable by impris-
onment, embezzling public funds unless par-
doned.
Paupers, persons under guardianship, Indians
not taxed.
Persons convicted of larceny or other infamous
crime, persons undergunrdianship, insane, idiots.
Paupers (except United States soldiers), persona
under guardianship.
Indians holding tribal relations, duelists and
their abetters.
Treason, felony unless pardoned, insane, persons
under guardianship, uncivilized Indians.
Insane, idiots, felons, delinquent taxpayers.
Paupers, persons convicted of felony or other
infamous crime or misdemeanor or violating
right of suffrage, unless pardoned; second con-
viction disfranchises.
Indians, felons, idiots, insane.
Lunatics, persons convicted of treason or felony,
unless pardoned, United States soldiers ana
sailors.
Insane, idiots, convicted of treason or felony, un-
amnestied confederates against the United
States, Indians and Chinese.
Paupers (except honorably discharged soldiers),
persons excused from paying taxes at own request
Paupers, insane, idiots and persons convicted of
crimes which exclude them from being witness-
es, unless pardoned.
Insane, idiots, convicts and Indians not taxed.
Convicted of bribery or any infamous crime, unless
pardoned, betters on result of election, bribers
for votes and the bribed.
Idiots, lunatics, convicted of felony or other infa-
mous crimes, atheists.
Felons, idiots, convicts, unless pardoned, United
States soldiers and sailors.
Idiots, insane. United States soldiers and sailors,
felons, unless restored to citizenship.
(a) Registration required in some counties. (6) In I class, (d) Required in cities of 1.200 inhabitants or
all cities, (c) In the cities of first, second and third j more, (e) In cities of 100,000 population or more.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
407
Residence re-
(3
REQUIREMENTS
ouired before
FOH VOTERS IN THE
election day
AS
Erchi'lort from
VARIOUS STATES.
fr-
<Mgk voting.
State
Co. 1 Tn.
>rct
(§*•
OKLAHOMA — Citizens or the
United States and native Indians
iy
Gm
30d
*)d
Felons, paupers, idiots and lunatics.
OREGON —White male and fe-
male citizens; aliens who have
declared intention 1 year before
G oi
No.'
Idiots, insane, convicted felons, Chinese, United
States soldiers and sailors.
election.
PENNSYLVANIA — Citizens at
lease 1 month, and if 22 years old
must have i<aid tax within 2 yrs.
iy.
2 m
Yes.
Persons convicted of some offense forfeiting right
of suffrage, nontaxpayers.
RHODE ISLAND — Citizens o±
United States.
SOUTH CAROLINA— Citizens of
United States who can read.
SOUTH DAKOTA- Citizens; al-
iens who have declared intention
TENNESSEE-Citizens who have
paid poll tax preceding year.
3y.
2y.
Gm
iy.
30d
Gm
6 m
4m
10 d
4m
10 d
(c)
Yes.
(d)
Paupers, lunatics, idiots, convicted of bribery orin
famous crime until restored.
Paupers, insane, idiots, convicted of treason duel-
ing or other infamous crime.
Persons under guardian, idiots, Insane, convicted
oi treason or felony, unless pardoned.
Convicted of bribery or other infamous crime, fail,
ure to pay poll tax.
TEXAS — Citizens; aliens who
have declared intention 6 months
iy.
Gm
Gm
....
(/)
Idiots, lunatics, paupers, convicts, United States
soldiers and sailors.
before election.
UTAH— Citizens of United States,
male and female.
iy.
4m
...
GOd
Idiots, insane, convicted of treason or violation of
election laws.
VERMONT — Citizens of United
States.
VIRGINIA— Citizens U.S. of F<HK]
understanding who have paid
iy.
2y.
3m
iy
3m
iy
3m
30 d
Yes.
Yes.
Unpardoned convicts, deserters from United State*
service during the war, ex-confederates.
Idiots, lunatics, convicts, unless pardoned by the
legislature.
poll tax 3 yrs.and all ex-soldiers.
W ASHlNGTOJX-Citizens of Unit- Iy
90 d
30d
30d
Indians not taxed.
ed States, male and female.
1
WEST VIRGINIA — Citizens of
the state.
iy.
GOd
10 d
No.
Paupers, idiots, lunatics, convicts, bribers, United
States soldiers and sailors.
WISCONSIN— Citizens;aliens who
havedeclared intention.
iy.
10 d
10 a
10 d
(a)
Insane, under guardian, convicts, unless pard oned
W YOM1 N ti-Citizens,male and fe-
iy.
60d|iOd
10 (L
Yes.
Idiots, insane, felons, unable to read the state con
male.
I
stltution.
(a) In cities of 3.000 population or over.
(b) In cities of not less than 9,000 inhabi-
tants, (c) Nontaxpayers must register yearly
before Dec. 31. (d) In towns having: 1,000
voters and counties where registration has
been adopted by popular vote, (e) All coun-
ties having 50,000 inhabitants or over. (/)
In cities of 10.000 or over.
Notes — The word "citizen" as used in above
table means citizen of the United States in
all cases.
The residence requirement is continuous resi-
dence immediately prior to election day.
CITIZENSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES.
All persons born or naturalized in the
United States and subject to the jurisdiction
thereof are citizens of the United States and
of the state wherein they reside. (Fourteenth
amendment to the constitution.)
All persons born in the United States and
not subject to any foreign power, excluding
Indians not taxed, are declared to be citi-
zens of the United States. (Sec. 1992, U. S.
Revised Statutes.)
All children heretofore born or hereafter born
out of the limits and jurisdiction of the
United States, whose fathers were or may be
at the time of their birth citizens thereof, are
declared to be citizens of the United States;
but the rights of citizenship shall not descend
to children whose fathers never resided in the
United States. (Sec. 1993, U. S. Revised
Statutes.)
Any woman who is now or may hereafter
be married to a citizen of the United States
and who might herself be lawfully naturalized
shall be deemed a citizen. (Sec. 1995, U. S.
Revised Statutes.")
Children born in the United States of alien
parents are citizens of the United States.
When any alien who has declared his inten-
tion to become a citizen of the United States
die* before he is actually naturalized the
widow and minor children of such alien may,
by comrjlyinar with the other provisions of this
act (June 29, 1906), be naturalized without
making any declaration of intention. If a
widow files an application for citizenship based
on her husband's declaration of intention, the
children who are unuer the age of 21 at the
time she is naturalized will be citizens
through her naturalization, but if the chil-
dren are past the age of 21 and were born in
a foreign country, it will be necessary for
them to file petitions for naturalization in
their own right, using their deceased father's
declaration of intenuon, provided they were
under the age of 21 at the time oi his death.
Children of Chinese parents who are them-
selves aliens and incapable of becoming-
naturalized are citizens of the United States.
Children born fti the United States of per-
sons engaged in the diplomatic service of for-
eign governments are not citizens oi th«
United States.
Children born of alien parents on a vessel
of a foreign country while within the waters
of the United States are not citizens of the
United States, but of the country to which
the vessel belongs.
Children born of alien parents in the United
States have the right to make an election of
nationality when they reach their majority.
Minors and children are citizens within the
meaning of the term as used in the constitu-
tion.
Deserters from the military or naval service
of the United States are liable to loss of citi-
zenship.
Any alien being a free white person, an
alien of African nativity or of African descent
may become an American citizen by comply-
ing with the naturalization laws.
"Hereafter no state court or court of the
United States shall admit Chinese to citizen-
ship; and all laws in conflict with this »ct
are repealed." (Sec. 14. a^t of May 6. 1882.)
The counts have held that neither Chinese.
Japanese. Hawaiians, Burmese nor Indians can
be naturalized.
The naturalization laws apply to women se
well as men. An alien woman who marries
108
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
a citizen, native or naturalized, becomes a
naturalized citizen of the United States.
Aliens may become cuizens ot the United
States by treaties with foreign powers, by
conquest or by special acts of congress.
In an act approved March 2, 1907, it is
provided that any American citizen shall have
expatriated himself when he has Deen natural-
ized in any foreign state in conformity wuh
its laws, or when he has taken an oath of
allegiance to any foreign state.
When any naturalized citizen shall have re-
sided for two years in the foreign state Irom
which he came, or five years in any other
foreign state, it shall be presumed that he has
ceased to be an American citizen, and Ihe
place of his general abode shall be deemed his
place of residence during said years: Pro-
vided, however, that such presumption may be
overcome on the presentation of satisfactory
evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of
the United States, under such rules and reg-
ulations as the department of state may pre-
scribe; and provided, also, that no American
citizen shall be allowed to expatriate himself
when this country is at war.
Any American woman who marries a for-
eigner shall take the nationality of her hus-
band. At the termination of the marital re-
lation she may resume her American citi-
zenship, if abroad, by registering as an Amer-
ican citizen within one year with a consul of
the United States, or by returning- to reside in
the United States, or. if residing- in the
United States at the termination of the mari-
tal relation, by continuing to reside therein,
Any foreign woman who acquires Amer-
ican citizenship by marriage to an American
citizen shall be assumed to retain the same
after the termination of the marital relation
if she continue to reside in the United States,
unless she makes formal renunciation there-
of before a court having- jurisdiction to nat-
uralize aliens, or, if she resides abroad, she
may retain her citizenship by registering as
such before a United States consul within one
year after the termination of such marital re-
lation.
A child born without the United States of
alien parents shall be deemed a citizen of the
United States by virtue of the naturalization
of or resumption of American citizenship of
the parent: Provided, that such naturaliza-
tion or resumption takes place during- the
minority of such child: fcnd provided, fur-
ther, that the citizenship of such minor
child shall begin at the time such minor child
begins to reside permanently in the United
States.
All children born outside the limits of the
United States, who are citizens thereof in ac-
cordance with the provisions of section 1993
of the Revised Statute's of the United States
(see above), and who continue to reside out-
side of the United States, shall, in order to
receive the protection of the government, be
required, upon reaching- the age of 18 years,
to record at an American consulate their in-
tention to become residents and remain citi-
zens of the United States and shall further
be required to take the oath of allegiance to
the United States upon attaining- their
majority.
Any alien of the ag-e of 21 years and up-
ward who may. under existing- law, become
a citizen of the United States, who has served
or may hereafter serve for one enlistment
of not less than four years in the United
States navy, naval auxiliary, marine corps or
revenue cutter (coast guard) service and re-
ceived an honorable disrhare-e with recom-
mendation for re-enlistment, shall be admitted
to become a citizen of the United States upon
his petition without previous decoration of
intention to become such, and without proof
of residence on shore. (Act of June 30,
1914.)
NATURALIZATION LAWS.
Approved June 29, 1906.
Exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens
resident in their districts is conferred upon
the United States Circuit and District courts
and all courts of record having- a seal, a cierk
and jurisdiction in actions in law or equity
or botn in which the amount in controversy
is unlimited.
An aiien may be admitted to citizenship in
the following, manner and not otherwise:
1. He shail declare on oath before the clerk
of the proper court at least two years be-
lore his aurnission, and after he has reached
the age of 18 years, that it is bona fide his
intention to become a citizen of the United
biaies and to renounce allegiance to any for-
eign state or sovereignty. Such declaration
snail set forth the same facts as are registered
at the time of his arrival.
2. Not less than two years nor more than
seven after he has made such declaration he
snail fiie a petition, signed by himself and
verified, in which he shall state his name,
place of residence, occupation, date and place
of birth, piace from which he emigrated, name
of the vessel on which he arrived, the time
when and the place and name of the coilrt
where he declared his intention of becoming
a citizen; if he is married, he shall state
the name of his wife, the country of her
nativity and her place of residence at the
time the petition is filed, and if he has chil-
uren, the name, date and place of birth and
place of residence of each child living. The
petition shall a.so set forth that he is not
a disbeliever in or opposed to organized gov-
ernment or a member of any body of per-
sons opposed to organized government, and
that he is not a polygamist or a believer in
polygamy; that he intends to become a citi-
zen of and to live permanently in the United
States, and every other fact material to his
naturalization and required to be proved upon
the final hearing of his application. The peti-
tion shall be verified by the affidavits of at
least twp credible witnesses who are citizens.
At the time of the filing of the petition there
shall be a^so filed a certificate from the de-
partment of commerce and labor stating the
date, place and manner of his arrival in the
United States and the declaration of intention
of such petitioner, which certificate and dec-
laration shall be attached to and be a part
of his petition.
3. He shall, before he is admitted to citi-
zenship, declare on oath in open court that
he will support the constitution of the United
States, and that he absolutely renounces all
allegiance to any foreign prince, potentate,
state or sovereignt?'.
4. It shall be made apparent to the satis-
faction of the court admitting any alien to
citizenship that immediately preceding the
date of his application he has resided con-
tinuously within the United States five years
at least, and within the state or territory
where such court is at the time held one year
at least, and that during that time he has
behaved as a man of good moral character,
attached to the principles of the constitution.
In addition to the oath of the applicant, the
testimony of at least two witnesses, citizens
of the United States, as to the facts of resi-
dence, moral character and attachment to the
principles of the constitution shall be required.
5. He must renounce any hereditary title or
order of nobility which he may possess.
6. When any alien who has declared h.' 5 in-
fention dies before he is pctually naturalized
the widow and minor children may, by com-
plying with the other provisions of the act.
be naturalized without making any declara-
tion of intention.
Immediately after the filing of the petition
the clerk of the court shall give notice there-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
409
of by posting: in a public place the name,
nativity and residence of the alien, the date
and place of his arrival in the United States
and the date for the final hearing- of his peti-
tion and the names of the witnesses whom the
applicant expects to summon in his behalf.
Petitions for naturalization may be filed at
any time, but final action thereon shall be
had only on stated days and in no case until
at least ninety days have elapsed after the
filing1 of the petition. No person shall be
naturalized within thirty days preceding- a
general election within the territorial juris-
diction of the court.
No person who disbelieves in or who is op-
posed to organized government, or who is a
member of or affiliated with any organization
entertaining- and teaching- such disbelief in or
opposition to organized government, or who
advocates or teaches the duty, necessity or
propriety of the unlawful assaulting- or kill-
ing- of any officer or officers of the govern-
ment of the United States, or of any other
organized government, because of his or their
official character, or who is a polygamist,
shall be naturalized.
No alien shall hereafter be naturalized or
admitted as a citizen of the United States
who cannot speak the English language. This
requirement does not apply to those physically
unable to comply with it, or to those making-
homestead entries upon the public lands of
the United States.
IMMIGRATION LAW.
Effective since May 1, 1917.
The word "alien" as used in the act includes
any person not a native born or naturalized citi-
zen of the United States, but it does not in-
clude Indians of the United States not taxed or
citizens of the islands under the jurisdiction of
the United States. The term "United States"
means the United States and any waters, ter-
ritory or other place subject to the jurisdiction
thereof except the Isthmian Canal Zone; but if
any alien shall leave the Canal Zone or any
insular possession and attempt to enter any
other place under the jurisdiction of the United
States he is not to be permitted to enter under
any other conditions than those applicable to
all aliens.
There shall be collected a tax of $8 for every
alien, including alien seamen regularly admit-
ted, entering the United States. Children under
16 accompanying father or mother are not sub-
ject to the tax. The tax shall not be levied
on aliens who enter after an uninterrupted res-
idence of at least one year preceding such en-
trance in Canada, Newfoundland, Cuba or Mex-
ico for a temporary stay, nor upon aliens in
transit, nor upon aliens who, having been law-
fully admitted, shall go from one part of the
United States to another, although through con-
tiguous foreign territory.
Excluded Aliens.
The following classes of aliens are excluded
from the United States: Idiots, imbeciles,
feeble minded, epileptics, insane persons; per-
sons who have had one or more attacks of in-
sanity previously; persons of constitutional
psychopathic inferiority: persons with chronic
alcoholism; paupers; professional beggars; va-
grants; persons afflicted with tuberculosis in any
form or with a loathsome or dangerous conta-
gious disease; persons not comprehended within
any of the foregoing excluded classes who are
found to be and are certified by the examining
surgeon as being mentally or physically defec-
tive, such physical defect being of a nature
which may affect the ability of such alien to
earn a living; persons who have been convicted
of or admit ha vine committed a felony or other
crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpi-
tude ; polygamlsts. or persons who practice
polygamy or believe in or advocate the practice
of polygamy; anarchists, or persons who believe
in or advocate the overthrow by force or vio-
lence of the government of the United States
or of all forms of law, or who disbelieve In
or are opposed to organized government, or who
advocate the assassination of public officials, or
who advocate or teach the unlawful destruction
of property; persons who are members of or
affiliated with any organization entertaining and
teaching disbelief in or opposition to organized
government, or who advocate or teach the duty,
necessity, or propriety of the unlawful assault-
ing or killing of any officer or officers, either
of specific individuals or of officers generally,
of the government of the United States or of
any other organized government, because of his
or their official character, or who advocate or
teach the unlawful destruction of property:
prostitutes, or persons coming into the United
States for the purpose of prostitution or any
other immoral purpose; persons who directly or
indirectly procure or attempt to procure or im-
port prostitutes or persons for the purpose of
prostitution or any other immoral purpose;
persons who are supported by or receive in
whole or in part the proceeds of prostitution;
Contract laborers, who have been induced or
assisted to migrate to this country by offers or
promises of employment, whether such offers
or promises are true or false, or in consequence
of agreements, oral, written or printed, express
or implied, to perform labor in this country
of any kind, skilled or unskilled; persons who
have come in consequence of advertisements for
laborers printed, published or distributed in a
foreign country; persons likely to become a
public charge; persons who have been deported
under any of the provisions of this act, and who
may again seek admission within one year from
the date of such deportation, unless prior to
their re-embarkation at a foreign port or their
attempt to be admitted from foreign contiguous
territory the secretary of labor shall have con-
sented to their reapplying for admission; per-
sons whose ticket or passage is paid for with
the money of another, or who are assisted by
others to come, unless it is satisfactorily shown
that such persons do not belong to one of the
foregoing excluded classes; persons whose ticket
or passage is paid for by any corporation, as-
sociation, society, municipality, or foreign gov-
ernment, either directly or indirectly; stow-
aways, except that any such stowaway, if other-
wise admissible, may be admitted at the dis-
cretion of the secretary of labor; all children
under 16 years of age unaccompanied by or not
coming to one or both of their parents, except
that any such children may, in the discretion
of the secretary of labor, be admitted if, in his
opinion, they are not likely to become a public
charge and are otherwise eligible; unless other-
wise provided for by existing treaties, persons
who are natives of islands not possessed by the
I'nited States adjacent to the continent of Asia,
situate south of the 20th parallel latitude north,
west of the 160th meridian of longitude east of
Greenwich, and north of the 10th parallel lati-
tude south, or who are natives of any country,
province, or dependency situate on the continent
of Asia west of the 110th meridian of longitude
east from Greenwich and the 24th and 38th
parallels of latitude north, and no alien now in
any way excluded from, or prevented from en-
tering, the United States shall be admitted to
the United States.
The provision next foregoing, however, shall
not apply to persons of the following status or
occupation: Government officers, ministers 01
religious teachers, missionaries, lawyers, physi-
cians, chemists, civil engineers, teachers, stu-
dents, authors, artists, merchants, and travelers
for curiosity or pleasure, nor to their legal
wives or their children under 16 years of age
who shall accompany them or who may subse-
quently apply for admission to the United
Stntes, hut such persons or their legal wives or
foreign born children who fail to maintain in
the United States a status or occupation placing
them within the excepted classes shall be
410
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
deemed to be in the United States contrary to
law and shall be subject to deportation.
Literacy Test.
After three months from the passage of this
act, in addition to the aliens who are by law
now excluded from admission into the United
States, the following persons shall also be ex.
eluded from admission thereto, to wit:
All aliens over 16 years of age, physically
capable of reading, who cannot read the Eng-
lish language, or some other language or dia-
lect, including Hebrew or Yiddish: Provided,
that any admissible alien, or any alien here-
tofore or hereafter legally admitted, or any citi-
zen of the United States, may bring in or send
for his father or grandfather over 55 years of
Age, his wife, his mother, his grandmother or
his unmarried or widowed daughter, if otherwise
admissible, whether such relative can read or
not; and such relative shall be permitted to
enter. That for the purpose of ascertaining
whether aliens can read the immigrant inspect-
ors shall be furnished with slips of uniform
size, prepared under the direction of the secre-
tary of labor, each containing not less than
thirty nor more than forty words in ordinary
use, printed in plainly legible type in some one
of the various languages or dialects of immi-
grants. Each alien may designate the particu-
lar language or dialect in which he desires the
examination to be made, and shall be required
to read the words printed on the slip in such
language or dialect. That the following classes
of persons shall be exempt from the operation
•of the literacy test, to wit: All aliens- who
shall prove to the satisfaction of the proper
immigration officer or to tlie secretary of labor
that they are seeking admission to the United
States to avoid religious persecution in the
country of their last permanent residence,
whether such persecution be evidenced by overt
acts or by laws or governmental regulations
that discriminate against the alien or the race
to which he belongs because of his religious
faith ; all aliens who have been lawfully ad-
mitted to the United States and who have re-
sided therein continuously for five years and
who return to the United States within six
months from the date of their departure there-
from; all aliens in transit through the United
States; all aliens who have been lawfully admit-
ted to the United States and who later shall
go in transit from one part of the United States
to another through foreign contiguous territory:
Provided, that nothing in this act shall exclude,
if otherwise admissible, persons convicted, or
who admit the commission, or who teach or
advocate the commission, of an offense purely
political: Provided further, that the provisions
of this act relating to the payments for tickets
or passage by any corporation, association, soci-
ety, municipality or foreign government shall
not apply to the tickets or passage of aliens in
immediate and continuous transit through the
United States to foreign contiguous territory:
Provided further, that skilled labor, if otherwise
admissible, may be imported if labor of like
kind unemployed cannot be found In this coun-
try, and the question of the necessity of im-
porting such skilled labor ia any particular in-
stance may be determined by the secretary of
labor upon the application of any person inter-
ested, such application to be made before such
Importation, and such determination by the sec-
retary of labor to be reached after a full hear-
ing and an investigation into the facts of the
case: Provided further, that the provisions of
this law applicable to contract labor shall not
be held to exclude professional actors, artists,
lecturers, singers, nurses, ministers of any reli-
gious denomination, professors for colleges or
seminaries, persons belonging to any recognized
learned profession, or persons employed as do-
mestic servants: Provided further, that when-
ever the president shall be satisfied that pass-
ports issued by any foreign government to ita
citizens or subjects to go to any country other
than the United States, or to any of its insular
possessions or the Canal Zone, are being used
lor the purpose of enabling the holder to come
to the continental territory of the United States
to the detriment of labor conditions therein,
the president shall refuse to permit such persons
to enter the United States or its possessions:
Provided further, that aliens returning after a
temporary absence to an unrelinquished United
States domicile of seven consecutive years may
be admitted at the discretion of the secretary
of labor and under such conditions as he may
prescribe: Provided further, that nothing in the
contract-labor or reading-test provisions of this
act shall be construed to prevent any alien ex-
hibitor or holder of any concession for any fair
or exposition authorized by congress from bring-
ing into the United States, under contract, such
otherwise inadmissible alien mechanics, artisans,
agents or other employes, natives of his coun-
try, as may be necessary for installing or con-
ducting his exhibit or business, under such rules
as the commissioner-general of immigration with
the approval of the secretary of labor may pre-
scribe, both as to the admission and return of
such persons: Provided further, that the com-
missioner-general of immigration with the ap-
proval of the secretary of labor shall issue rules
and prescribe conditions, including exaction of
such bonds as may be necessary, to control and
regulate the admission and return of otherwise
inadmissible aliens applying for temporary ad-
mission: Provided further, that nothing in this
a;-t shall be construed to apply to accredited
officials of foreign governments, nor to their
suites, families or guests.
The importation of any alien into the United
States for any immoral purpose is punishable by
imprisonment for not more than ten years and
by a fine of not more than $5.000. Violations
of the contract-labor section of the act are
punishable by fines of $1,000 or by imprisonment
for not less than six months nor more than
two years. The act provides fior the fining or im-
prisonment of persons engaged in the transpor-
tation of aliens into the United States who en-
conrnge or help persons excluded under the pro-
visions of the law to enter the country.
DISASTERS TO SHIPPING.
On and near the coasts and on the rivers of the United States and American vessels at
and on the coasts of foreign countries.
YEAR.
Wrecks.
Lives
lost.
Loss on
vessels.
Loss on
cargoes.
YEAR.
Wrecks.
Lives
lost.
Loss on
vessels.
Loss on
cargoes.
1896
1 392
3o9
$6,485,595
$2,018.140
1908
J o41
374
$M 655 825
18S/7. ..
1 206
299
6.442.175
1,731.766
1909 .
] 317
403
9 491 635
3 '330' 8^5
1898
1 191
743
10 728 2oO
1 740515
1910
1 493
403
i89y
1 574
742
8,932 835
2 451 905
1911
lV'7
262
9i665,995
1900
1234
252
7,186900
3,350,500
1912
1 447
195
8 213 375
1901
1 313
452
7 094 345
2 147 675
1913
1 265
283
1902
1 359
531
8 823 920
2 3U9335
1914
1 210
421
1903 . ..
1 704
376
7 Oil 775
1 722 210
1915
1 0>S8
277
10* 199 560
1904
1 182
1.454
r,628 556
1 634 615
1916
1 14Q
1 364
12 (i7 1 040
1905
1 209
267
8,187.500
2 263,795
lfi]7
1072
*490
33 708 710
1906 .
1 326
499
10 OSl) 610
2 245305
1918
976
398
1907
1,670
624
13.709,915
3,062.110
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
411
PAST POLITICAL COMPLEXION OF THE STATES (1838-1916).
R.. republican: W.. whig; D.. democratic: U.. onion; A.. American: A. M.. anti-Masonic; N.
R.. national republican: P.. populist: Pr.. progressive.
STATE.
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Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
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New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina-
North Dakota....
Ohio
Oklahoma
11.
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Rhode Island —
South Carolina..
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In live states in 1892 the electoral vote was
divided: California _gave I electoral votes for
Cleveland and 1 for Harrison and Ohio gave 1 for
Cleveland and 22 for Harrison; in Michigan, by
act of the legislature, each congressional district
voted separately for an elector; in Oregon 1 of
the 4 candidates for electors on the people's
party ticket was also on the democratic ticket;
in North Dakota 1 of the 2 people's party elec-
tors cast his vote for Cleveland, this causing the
electoral vote of the state to be equally divided
HOMESTEAD LAWS OF
For full information as to the method of ac
quiring homesteads on unappropriated public
lands of the United States apply at the nearest
federal land office or write to the general land
office in the department of the interior. Wash-
ington D. C In general, it may be said that
any person who is the head of a family or is
21 years old and a citizen of the United States,
or has declared his intention to be such, ana wno
is not the proprietor of more than 160 acres of
land, is entitled to enter 160 acres of public
land as a homestead. He is obliged to pay
certain fees and commissions, ranging from $7
to $18. according to the amount of land entered
a«d its location, to live upon the land for a
certain length of time and to cultivate a certain
amount of it. Recent laws provide for enlarged
homesteads of 320 acres in Arizona. California.
Colorado. Idaho. Montana. Nevada, New Mexico.
among Cleveland, Harrison and Weaver. In 189$
California gave 8 electoral votes to McKinley
and 1 to Bryan; Kentucky gave 12 to McKiuley
and 1 to Bryan. In Maryland in 1904 1 of the
presidential electors chosen were democrats and
1 republican. In 1908 Maryland elected 6 demo-
cratic and 2 republican electors. In 1912 California
elected 11 progressive and 2 democratic electors.
In 1916 West Virginia elected 1 democratic and
7 republican electors.
THE UNITED STATES.
North Dakota, South Dakota, Oregon, Utah,
Washington and Wyoming, on nonmiueral, non-
irrigable and nontimbered land ; also for stock
raising homesteads of 640 acres on land fit only
for grazing or forage growing purposes.
UNITED STATES ARSENALS.
The largest of the United States arsenals are
located at Rock Island. 111., and Springfield.
Mass. Others are at Pittsburgh, Pa.; Augusta,
Ga.; Benicia, Cal. ; Columbia. Tenn.; Port Mon-
roe. Va. ; Philadelphia. Pa.; Indianapolis. Ind.:
Governor's island, N. Y. : -Jefferson barracks.
Mo.; Sandy Hook, N. Y.: San Antonio. Tex.;
Dover, N. J. : Watertown. Mass.. and Waterrliet.
N. Y. Some of the above are merely powder de-
pots, the principal manufacturing: plants being
at Rock Island. Springfield and Watervliet. The
nayy yards are also arsenals.
413
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE (1828-1916).
YR.J Candidate.
Party.
Popular
vote.
Per
cent.
E lec-
torai
vote
FR.
Candidate.
Party.
Popular
vote.
Per
cent.
Elec-
toral
vote.
1*8
1828
1832
1832
1832
1836
183b
1830
1840
184U
1840
1844
1844
1844
1848
1852
1852
1852
1856
1856
185(1
1860
1860
1860
186G
188
Hi?
1872
1872
187C
187f
1876
187(
1876
1880
1881
1880
1SSO
18SO
1S81
1881
1884
1881
Jackson
Adams
Jackson
Clay
Floyd
win
democrat..
Federal....
Democrat. .
Whig
Whig
Anti-M
647,231
• 509,097
687.502
53q,189
I 33,108
761,549
736,656
J 1,128,702
""MS
]SS
62,300
1,360.101
L220.544
291,263
1,601,474
1,380,678
156,149
1,838,169
1,341,264
874,534
1,375,157
845.763
1,866.352
589.581
I,e08,725
2.216,067
2.709,613
3.015.071
2,834,079
29,408
3,597,070
5.608
4,284,885
4'f?3
9522
55.97
44.03
54.96
42.39
2.65
50.83
49.17
46.82
52.89
.39
49.55
48.14
2.31
47.36
42.50
10.14
51. as
43.99
4.98
45.34
33.09
21.57
29.40
18.08
39.91
12.61
4J.94
55.06
47.33
52.67
43.83
.45
55.63
.09
50.94
47.95
.97
.11
.03
43.23
48.31
3.34
:J!
48.89
48.27
1.33
1.51
178
83
219
49
11
4
26
14
11
60
234
'"ifo
105
'"i63
107
""254
42
'"i74
114
8
12
72
180
39
21
216
80
214
*66,
292
"'184
185
'"155
214
"*2'i9
182
1888
1888
1888
18S8
1888
1802
1892
1892
1892
1892
1890
1896
1896
1896
l-'.'.l
1896
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1904
1904
1904
1904
1904
1904
1904
1908
1908
1906
1908
1908
1908
1908
1908
1912
1912
1912
1912
1912
1912
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
Cleveland
Harrison
Streeter
Fisk
Democrat. .
Republican
Union Lab.
5,540,05ol
5,444.337
146,897
250,125
2,808
5,554.414
5,190.802
271,058
1,027,329
21.164
7,035,638
6,467,946
141.676
13,969
36.454
131.529
7.219.530
6,358.071
209.166
50.232
94,76b
32,751
518
5.098
7,628.834
5,084.491
259.257
402.460
114,753
33,724
830
7,679.006
6,409.106
252.U83
420.820
28.131
83,562
13,823
461
6,286.214
4,126.020
3,483.922
897.01]
208.923
29.079
9.129.606
8,538,221
220.506
685. Hi
13.403
41.894
48.K6
47.82
1.29
2.20
.03
46.04
43.02
2.24
8.51
.19
50.88
46.77
1.03
.10
.27
.95
51.69
45.51
':£
.67
.23
.00
.04
56.41
37.60
1.91
2.98
.85
.25
.00
51.58
43.05
18
.19
1.56
.10
.00
ss
IS
1.39
.20
49.28
46.07
1.19
3.16
.(T
.23
168
233
'1
"'22
"27J
176
"292
155
"336
140
"32*1
162
-436
1
"'277
254
United Lab
Democrat..
Republican
Prohibition
People's....
Socialist....
Republicac
Democrat..
Prohibition
National...
Soc Labor
Cleveland
Harrison
Bidwell
Weaver
Wing
McKinley
Bryan
Levering
Bentley
Matchett
Palmer
Van liuren....
Harrison
White
Webster
Mangum
Van Buren..,
Harrison
Birney
Democrat..
Whig
Whig
Whig
Whig
Democrat. .
Whig
Liberty
Democrat. .
Whig
Liberty
Whig
Democrat. .
Free Soil...
Democrat. .
Whig
Free Soil...
Democrat. .
Republican
American..
Democrat. .
Democrat..
Republican
Union
Democrat. .
Republican
Democrat..
Republican
Democrat. .
[nd. Dem...
Republican
T'mpera'ce
Democrat. .
Republican
Greenback.
Prohibition
American..
Democrat..
Republican
Sreenback.
Prohibition
American..
Democrat. .
Republican
Greenback.
Prohibition
Polk...
Clay
Nat Dem
McKinley
Bryan
Republican.
Democrat..
Prohibition
People's....
Soc. Dem... .
Soc. Lab....
United Chr.
Union R....
Republican
Democrat . .
Prohibition
Socialist....
People's....
Soc. Lab....
Continental
Republican
Democrat...
Prohibition
Socialist....
People's —
Taylor
Cass
Van Buren....
Pierce
Woolley
Barker
Debs
Malloney
Leonard
Ellis
Scott
Hale
Buchanan —
Fremont,
Fillmore ,
Douglas
Breckinridge
Lincoln •
Roosevelt
Parker
Swallow
Debs
Watson
Corregan
Holcomb
Taft
Bell
McClellan
Lincoln
Seymour.
Bryan
Chatin
Greeley
Debs
Watson
Hisfjen
O'Conor.
Grant
Black
Gillhaus
Turney
Wilson
Soc. Lab....
Untd. Chr..
Democrat...
Progressive
Republican
Socialist...
Prohibition
Soc. Lab...
Democrat. .
Republican
Tilden
Hayes
Roosevelt
Taft
Smith
Walker
Ma
4,442,035
4,449,053
307.306
10«
4,911.017
4,848.334
133,825
151,809
Debs
Chafln
Hancock
Garfleld ....
Ileimer
Wilson
Weaver
Dow
Hughes
Hanly
Phelps
Prohibition
Socialist...
Cleveland....
Blaine
Benson
Soc.-Labor.
Progressive
Butler
St. John
'Owing1 to the d«\ith of Mr. Greeley, the 66 electoral votes were variously cast. Thomas
A. Hendricks received 42, B. Gratz Brown 18, Horace Greeley 3. Charles J. Jenkins 2, David
Davis 1.
PARTY PLURALITIES AND TC
, Plurality . %
Year. Republican. Democratic.
1828... 138,134
1832 157,313
1836 24,893
TAL» VOTE.
Total vote.
1.156.328
1.250.799
1,498,205
2.410.778
2.698.611
2.871.928
3.138.301
4.053,967
4.676.863
4.024.792
5,724.684
6.466.165
8.412.733
9.209.588
10.044.985
11.384.216
12.064.767
13.827.212
13,970.134
13,524.349
tl4.887.594
15.031.169
18.528.743
at lor united
THE ELECTOR
[Based on cen
State. Vote.
Alabama 12
Arizona 3
AL COLLEGE.
sus of 1910.]
State.
Nevada
New Hampshire
Vote.
... 3
... 4
...14
1840 146.315*
1844 38,175
1848 139,557*
1852 220.796
1856 496 905
Florida
, 13
.. 6
.. 7
, 3
New York
North Carolina..
North Dakota...
Ohio
...45
...12
-4
1860... . 491.195
1864 407 342
Idaho
.. 14
^
Oregon
10
... 5
1868 305,458
Illinois
.. 29
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island
... 38
1872 762«991
1876 250,935
Iowa
13
South Carolina.
South Dakota...
Texas
20
1880 7,018
1884 62.683
1888 95.713
10
.. 13
.. 10
1892 363,612
1896 567,692 :....
1900 861.459
1904 2 544 343
Maryland
Massachusetts ..
.. 6
.. 8
.. 18
1*5
Virginia
Washington ....
:::i|
... 7
1908 1.269,900
.. 12
West Virginia...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
::: i|
1912 .. 2 160 194
Mississippi
.. 10
18
1916 591 385
*Whig. tlncludes 461 votes ca
Christian party.
4
Total
5"3T
Nebraska ..
8
Nee. to choice..
...266
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
413
HISTORICAL DATA AS TO STATES AND TERRITORIES.
STATE cm TERRITORY.
Admitted to
the union.
Popula-
tion,
1910.
Area.
Sq.M.
Settled at.
Date
By whom.
Rep.
in
cong.
Elee*
toral
votd.
Alabama
Alaska Territory
Dec. 14,1819..
:. July 27, 1868.
June 20, 1910..
2,138.093
64.856
204,854
1.574.449
2,377,549
799024
1,114.756
202.322
331.069
752.619
2,609 121
9,000
191.1)09
325.594
5,638.5?!
2.700,876
2,224,771
1.690.949
2.2S9.903
1,056.388
742,371
1.295,3-16
3.366,413
2.810,173
2,075,708
1.797,114
3,293,3o5
L192.214
81 ,8'. 5
430,572
2,537,167
827.EOI
9,113.614
2,20(5,217
577,056
4.767,121
1,657,155
672,765
7.665,111
7,635.4^(5
1,118,012
542,610
1,515,400
583,883
2,184,789
3,896,542
373,551
2,061,612
L22U19
2,8o3,860
145.531
51.998
590.884
113.956
53,335
158.297
103.948
4,965
2,370
59^265
150
6,449
83.888
56,655
36.254
56,147
82,158
40.598
48.506
33.040
12.327
8.266
57,980
84,682
46,865
69,420
146,997
77.520
110,090
9.341
8,224
122.C34
49,204
52.426
70,837
41.040
70.057
96,699
45.126
114,000
3,435
1,248
30.989
7r,615
42,022
265,896
84.990
Jg
69,127
24,170
56.066
97.914
Mobile....,
Sitka
Tucson.. ..
1702
1801
1580
1685
1769
1858
1635
1C27
1660
1565
1733
French
Russians
Spaniards ....
French
Spaniards.. ..
Americans....
Puritans
Swedes
English
10
*{
11
J
12
" '3
9
13
6
7
3
June 15, 1836.
Sept. 9, 1850..
Aug. 1, 1876...
'Tan. 9, 1788...
'Dec. 7,1787...
Mulyl6,1790..
March 3, 1845
Man. 2, 1788...
Ark'nsasPost
San Diego....
Near Denver.
Windsor. ..
California
Connecticut
C.Henlopen..
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
St. Augustine
Savannah....
Spaniards
English
Spaniards....
4
12
6
14
Guam Colony
Hawaii Territory
Aug. 12, 1698.
April oO. 1900.
July3, 1890...
Dec. 3, 1818...
Dec. 11, 1816..
March 3, 1845
Jan. 29, 1861..
Feb. 4, 1792...
April8, 1812..
March 3, 1820
* April 28, 1788.
'Feb. 6, 1788. .
Jan. 26, 1837.
May 11, 1858..
Dec. 10, 1817..
March 2, 1821.
Nov. 8, 1889...
March 1,1807.
"Oct. 13, 1364...
Mune 21, 1788.
-Dec. 18, 1787. .
June 20, 1'JIO.
Muly26.1788..
Nov. 2 1,1789..
Agana
Iflaho
Cceurd'Alent
Kaskaskia....
Vincenncs... .
1842
1720
1730
Americans....
French
2
27
13
11
8
4
6
16
13
10
8
'i
6
1
2
12
1
43
10
3
22
8
3
36
4
29
15
13
10
6
8
18
3
10
4
8
3
4
14
3
45
12
4
10
5
38
Illinois
Burlington. . .
Lexington —
Ibervllle
Bristol
1788
1831
]'*99
i;24
1620
3650
1805
1716
1764
1809
1847
1850
1023
1620
1537
1C.14
U30
1780
1788
1889
1810
1682
1570
1510
1636
1G70
1856
1757
1686
1847
1764
1607
1811
1774
1670
French
Kansas
Kentucky.
Americans....
From Va
French
Maine
Jt. Mary's
Plymouth
Near Detroit.
St. Peter's 11..
Natchez
St. Louis
English
Massachusetts
Puritans
French
Americans....
From S. C
Mississippi
Americans....
Americans
Americans....
Puritans
Swedes
Spaniards
Dutch
Bellevue
Nevada
JJDover
New Jersey
Bergen
Santa Fe
Manhattan I.
Albemarle
Pembina
Marietta
New York
English
French
Americans....
Americans....
Americans....
English
North Dakota
Nov. 2, 1889...
Ohio
Nov. 29, 1802..
Nov. 16, 1907..
Fob. 14, 1859..
*Dec. 12, 1787. .
"Nov. 28,1898.
TAug. 12,1898.
•May 29, 1790. .
'May 23, 1788..
Nov. 2, 1889...
June 1,1196...
Dec. 29, 1845..
Jan. 4, 1896...
Oklahoma
Oregon
Astoria
Delaware B..
Manila
Philippines
Porto Rico
Caparra
Providence...
Port Royal...
Sioux Falls...
Ft. Loudon...
Matagorda B.
Salt Lake City
Ft. Dummer..
Jamestown,..
Astoria
Spaniards....
English
Huguenots...
Americans . . .
English
French
Americans...
English
English
Americans....
English
French
Americans... .
1
3
10
18
2
2
10
6
6
11
1
5
9
g
12
20
4
4
12
7
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Fob. 18. 1791..
Virginia
Mune26,1788..
Nov. 11. 1889..
Dec. 31, 1862..
Ma y 29, 18-18...
JtilyllJSIX)..
West Virginia
Wheeling
Green Bay....
Ft. Laramie..
Wisconsin ..
Wyoming
*Ratified the constitution. fOrganized as
territory. ^Delegate. ^Signing- of protocol re-
linquishing- sovereignty. ** Yielding sover-
eignty. Population in 1903. ttCommissioner.
JJAlso Portsmouth.
Historians do not all agree as to some of
the dates in the above table. The dates given
are from the statistical abstract of the United
States published by the government and are
well supported in all disputed cases.
Cong-. Years.
1.
2. .
3. .
4-5.
Name.
SPEAKERS OF
Born .Died.
1789-91 F.A.Muhlenberg(Pa.) 1750 1801
. 1791-93 J. Trumbull (Conn.). 1740 1809
. 1793-95 F.A.Muhlenberg* Pa.) 1750 1801
. 1795-99 J. Dayton (N. J.)..1760 1824
. 1799-01 T. Sedgwick (Mass.). 1746 1813
7-9. ..1801-07 N. Macon (N. C.)..1757 1837
10-11.1807-11 J. B. Varnum (Mass.) 1750 1821
12-13. 1811-14 Henry Clay (Ky.)...1777 1852
13. . . 1814-15 LangrdonCheves(S.C-) 1776 1857
14-16. 1815-20 Henry Clay (Kv.)...1777 1852
10. . .1820-21 J. W. Tavlor (N. Y.)1784 1854
17. . .1821-23 P. P. B^rbour (Va.).1783 1841
18. . .1823-25 Henry C'ay (Ky.)...1777 1852
19. . .1825-27 J. W. Taylor (N. Y.)1784 1854
20-23. 18<>7-34 A. Stevenson (Va.) . 1784 1857
23. . .3834-35 John PHI (T<>nn.) . . .1797 1869
24-25.1835-39 J. F. Polk (Tenn.) .. 1795 1849
26 ... 1 839-41 R. M. T. Hunter ( Va.) 1809 1887
27. . .1841-43 John White (Ky.) . .. .1805 1845
28. . .1843-45 J. W. Jones (Va.)..1805 1848
29. . .1845-47 J. W. Davis (Ind.) . .1799 1850
THE HOUSE.
Cong:. Years. Name. Born.Died.
30. . . 1847-49 R.C.Winthrop (Mass.) 1809 1894
31. ..1849-51 Howell Cobb (Ga.)..1815 1868
32-33.1851-55 Linn Boyd (Ky.) ... 1800 1859
34. . .1856-57 N. P. Banks (Mass.). 1816 1894
35. . .1857-59 James L. Orr (S. C.K1822 1873
36. . .1860-61 W.Pennington (N.J.) .1796 1862
37. . .1861-63 G. A. Grow (Pa.).. 1823 1907
38-40.1863-69 S. Coif ax (Ind.) 1823 1885
41-43.1869-75 J. G. Blaine (Me.).. 1830 1893
44. . .1875-76 M. C. Kerr (Ind.).. 1827 1876
44-46.1876-81 S. J. Randall (Pa.). 1828 1890
47. . .1881-83 J. W. Keifer (O.) . . .1836 .
48-50.1883-89 J. G. Carlisle (Ky.).1835 1910
51. . .1889-91 Thos. B. Reed (Me.). 1839 1902
52-53.1891-95 C. F. Crisp (GO.. 1845 1896
54-55.1895-99 Thos. B. Reed (Me.) . 1839 1902
56-57. 1899-03 D.B.Henderson (Ta.) .1840 1906
58-61.1903-11 J. G. Cannon (111.). .1836 ....
62-65.1911-19 Champ Clark 'Mo.). 1850
66. . .1919-21. P. H. Gillett (Mass.) 1851
414
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
POSTAL INFORMATION.
DOMESTIC RATES.
blind. (Books are included in fourth-class or
First-Class Matter.
parcel post mail.)
Rates of postage — Letters and other first-class
The limit of weight ^
>f third-class matter is
matter, 2 cents for each ounce or fraction there-
four pounds.
of. Postcards and postal curds, 1 cent each.
"Drop letters," addressed for delivery at the
office where mailed. 2 cents for each ounce or
fraction thereof when deposited at postoffices
whore letter carrier service is not established.
Fourth-Class Matter (Domestic Parcel Post).
Fourth-class matter embraces that known as
domestic parcel post mail and includes farm and
factory products (and books), not now embraced
There is no drop rate on mail other than letters.
,,
The limit of weight of first-class matter is four
1st. 2d. 3d. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th.
pounds.
First-class matter includes written matter,
Up to 50 to 150 to 300 to 600 to 1000 to 1400 to Over
Weight Lo- 60 150 300 600 1000 1400 1800 1800
namely, letters, postal cards, postcards (private
mailing cards) and all matter wholly or partly
in Ibs. oal. miles, miles, miles, miles, miles, miles, miles, mile*
l...$0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06 $0.07 $0.08 $0.09 $0.11 $0.12
in writing, whether sealed or unsealed (except
2... .06 .06 .06 .08
.11 .14 .17 .21 .24
manuscript copy accompanying proof sheets or
3... .06 .07 .07 .10
.15 .20 .25 .31 .36
corrected proof sheets of the same and the writ-
4... .07 .08 .08 .12
.19 .26 .33 .41 .48
ing authorized by law on matter of other class-
5... .07 .09 .09 .14
.23 .32 .41 .51 .60
es). Also matter sealed or otherwise closed
6... .08 .10 .10 .16
.27 .38 .49 .61 .72
against inspection.
7... .08 .11 .11 .18
.31 .44 .57 .71 .84
Second-Class Matter.
8... .09 .12 .12 .20
.35 .50 .65 .81 .96
Rate of postage — Newspapers and periodical
9... .09 .13 .13 .22
.39 .56 .73 .91 1.08
publications of the second class, when sent un-
10... .10 .14 .14 .24
.43 .62 .81 1.01 1.20
sealed by others than the publisher or a news
11... .10 .15 .15 .26
.47 - .68 .89 1.11 1.32
agent, 1 cent for each four ounces or fraction
12... .11 .16 .16 .28
.51 .74 .97 1.21 1.44
thereof on each separately addressed copy or
13... .11 .17 .17 .30
.55 .80 1.05 1.31 1.56
package of unaddressed copies. To be entitled
14... .12 .18 .18 .32
.59 .86 1.13 1.41 1.68
to this rate the copies must be complete. In-
15... .12 .19 .19 .34
.63 .92 1.21 1.51 1.80
complete copies are third-class matter.
16... .13 .20 .20 .36
.67 .98 1.29 1.61 1.92
Second-class matter includes newspapers and
17... .13 .21 .21 .38
.71 1.04 1.37 1.71 2.04
periodicals bearing notice of entry as second-class
18... .14 .22 .22 .40
.75 1.10 1.45 1.81 2.16
matter. No limit of weight is prescribed.
19... .14 .23 .23 .42
.79 1.16 1.53 1.91 2.2S
On and after July 1, 1918, the rates of postage
'40... .15 .24 .24 .44
.83 1.22 1.61 2.01 2.40
on publications entered as second-class matter,
21... .15 .25 .25 .46
.87 1.28 1.69 2.11 2.52
when sent by the publisher or a news agent to
22... .16 .26 .26 .48
.91 1.34 1.77 2.21 2.64
subscribers or to other agents for the purpose of
23... .16 .27 .27 .50
.95 1.40 1.85 2.31 2.76
sale, on the portion of a publication devoted to
24... .17 .28 .28 .52
.99 1.46 1.93 2.41 2.88
other matter than advertisements, shall be 1%
25... .17 .29 .29 .54
1.03 1.52 2.01 2.51 3.00
cents per pound or fraction thereof until July 1,
26... .18 .30 .30 .56
1.07 1.58 2.09 2.61 3.12
1919 ; after that 1% cents per pound or fraction
27... .18 .31 .31 .58
1.11 1.64 2.17 2.71 3.24
thereof; on the portion of a publication devoted
28... .19 .32 .32 .60
1.15 1.70 2.25 2.81 3.36
to advertisements the rates per pound or fraction
29... .19 .33 .33 .62
1.19 1.76 2.33 2.91 3.48
thereof for delivery within the several zones de-
30... .20 .34 .34 .64
1.23 1.82 2.41 3.01 3.60
voted to fourth-class matter shall be: From
31... .20 .35 .35 .66
1.27 1.88 2.49 3.11 3.72
July 1, 1918, to July 1, 1919, for the 1st and 2d
32... .21 .36 .36 .68
1.31 1.94 2.57 3.21 3.84
zones, 1*4 cents ; 3d zone, 1% cents ; 4th zone, 2
33... .21 .37 .37 .70
1.35 2.00 2.65 3.31 3.96
cents; 5th zone, 2V4 cents; 6th zone, 2l/2 cents;
34... .22 .38 .38 .72
1.39 2.06 2.73 3.41 4.08
7th zone, 3 cents ; 8th zone, 314 cents ; between
35... .22 .39 .39 .74
1.43 2.12 2.81 3.51 4.20
July 1, 1919. and July 1, 1920, for 1st and 2d
36... .23 .40 .40 .76
1.47 2.18 2.89 3.61 4.32
zones, 1% cents ; 3d zone, 2 cents, 4th zone, 3
37... .23 .41 .41 .78
1.51 2.24 2.97 3.71 4.44
cents ; 5th zone, 3V<> cents ; 6th zone, 4 cents ; 7th
38... .24 .42 .42 .80
1.55 2.30 3.05 3.81 4.5&
zone, 5 cents ; 8th zone, 5% cents ; from July 1,
39... .24 .43 .43 .82
1.59 2.36 3.13 3.91 4.68
1920, to July 1, 1921, for 1st and 2d zones, 1%
40... .25 .44 .44 .84
1.63 2.42 3.21 4.01 4.80
cents ; 3d zone, 2% cents ; 4th zone, 4 cents ; 6th
41... .25 .45 .45 .86
1.67 2.48 3.29 4.11 4.92
zone, 4% cents; 6th zone, 5% cents; 7th zone, 7
42... .26 .46 .46 .88
1.71 2.54 3.37 4.21 5.04
cents; 8th zone, 7% cents; 'after July 1, 1921, for
43... .26 .47 .47 .90
1.75 2.60 3.45 4.31 5.16
the 1st and 2d zones, 2 cents; 3d zone. 3 cents;
44... .27 .48 .48 .92
1.79 2.66 3.53 4.41 5.28
4th zone, 5 ents ; 5th zone, 6 cents ; 7th zone, 9
45... .27 .49 .49 .94
1.83 2.72 3.61 4.51 5.40
cents ; 8th zone, 10 cents.
46... .28 .50 .50 .96
1.87 2.78 3.69 4.61 5.52
In the case of newspapers entitled to be en-
47... .28 .51 .51 .98
1.91 2.84 3.77 4.71 5.64
tered as second-class matter and published in
48 .. .29 .52 .52 1.00
1.95 2.90 3 85 4.81 5 76
the interest of religious, educational, scientific,
40... .29 .53 .53 1.02
1.99 2.96 3.93 4.91 5.88
philanthropic, agricultural, labor or fraternal or-
50... .30 .54 .54 .04
2.03 3.02 4.01 5.01 6.00
ganizations, not organized for profit, the rates,
51... .30 .55 .55 .Ofi
irrespective of the zone in which delivered (ex-
52... .31 .56 .56 .08
cept where the same are deposited in a letter
53... .31 .57 .57 .10
by law in either the
carrier office for delivery by its carrier, in which
54... .32 .58 .58 .12
first or second class
case the old rate prevails), shall be 1% cents a
55... .32 .59 .59 .14
or (with the excep-
pound or fraction thereof between July 1, 1918,
56... .33 .60 .60 .16
tion of books) in the
and July 1, 1919, and after that 1% cents.
57... .33 .61 .61 .18
third class, not ex-
Third-Class Matter.
58... .34 .62 .62 .20
ceeding- seventy pounds
Rate of postage — On unsealed third class mat-
59... .34 .63 .63 .22
in w e i g h t (when
ter the rate is 1 cent for each two ounces or
60... .35 .64 .64 .24
mailed for delivery
fraction thereof on each individually addressed
61... .35 .65 .65 .26
within the first or sec-
piece or package.
62... .36 .66 .66 .28
ond zon^s, nor exceed-
Third-class matter embraces circulars, news-
63... .36 .67 .67 .30
ing- fifty pounds in
papers and periodicals not admitted to the sec-
64... .37 .68 .68 1.32
weight when mailed
ond class, nor embraced in the term "book,"
65... .37 .69 .69 1.34
for delivery within
miscellaneous printed matter on paper not having
66... .38 .70 .70 1.36
any of th« other
the nature of an actual personal correspondence,
67... .38 .71 .71 1.38
zones), nor greater in
proof sheets, corrected proof sheets and manu-
68... .39 .72 .72 1.40
size th?n 84 inche? in
script copy accompanving the same, and matter
69... .39 .73 .73 1.42
length and girth com-
in point print or raised characters used by the 70... .40 .74 .74 1.44
bined, nor in form or
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
416
kind likely to injure the person of any postal
employe or damage the mail equipment or other
mall matter and not of a character perishable
wit biu a period reasonably required for trans-
portation and delivery.
Rates of postage — To be fully prepaid — unsealed
— are as follows:
(a) Parcels weighing 4 ounces or less, except
books, seeds, plants, etc., 1 cent for each ounce
or fraction thereof, any distance.
(b) Parcels weighing 8 ounces or less contain-
ing books, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions,
and plants, 1 cent for each 2 ounces or frac-
tion thereof, regardless of distance.
(c) Parcels welshing more than 8 ounces, .con
taining books, seeds, plants, etc., parcels of mis-
cellaneous printed matter weighing more than
4 pounds, and all other parcels of fourth-class
matter weighing more than 4 ounces are charge-
able, according to distance or zone, at the pound
rates shown in the zone table, a fraction of. a
pound being1 considered a full pound.
Zones— Parcel Post Guide and Maps.
For (parcel post purposes the United States
IB divided into units of area thirty minutes
square. Such units form the basis of the
eight postal zones. To ascertain in which zone
a postoffice is located from the office of mail-
ing1, a parcel post guide. costing1 55 cents, and
map. costing- 20 cents, are jointly used. The
gTiide applies to all offices, but a separate map
is required for each unit. A zone key is fur-
nished with the guide for use in the units
of area in which some of the largest postof-
fices are located, and makes the map for those
units unnecessary. The g-uide and maps may
be purchased by sending a money order to the
third assistant postmaster-general. Washing-
ton. D. C. Stamps are not accepted.
Insurance of Fourth-Class Mail.
Fees and conditions — Fourth-class or domestic
parcel post mail (but no other) may not be
registered, but may be insured against loss in an
amount equivalent to its actual value, but not
to exceed $5 in any one case, on payment of a
fee of 3 cents ; not to exceed $25 on payment of
a fee of 5 cents; not to exceed $50 on payment
of a fee of 10 cents, or not to exceed $100 on
payment of a fee of 25 cents, in addition to the
postage, both to be prepaid by stamps affixed.
Collect-on-Delivery Service.
Conditions and fee— Parcels of fourth-class or
parcel post matter (but no other) may be sent
C. O. D. from one domestic money order post-
office to another, including those in the Canal
Zone, on payment of a fee of 10 cents in ad-
dition to the postage, both to be prepaid with
stamps affixed. The amount to be collected and
remitted to the sender must not exceed $100. The
remittance is made by postoffice money order,
the fee therefor being included in the amount
collected from the addressee. A C. O. D. tag
furnished by the postmaster must be filled in
by the sender and attached to the parcel. The
C. O. D. fee also covers insurance against loss
up to $50.
Postal Cards.
Postal cards are furnished at the postage value
represented by the stamp inipressed thereon ;
single postal cards for domestic and foreign cor-
respondence at 1 cent and 2 cents each, respec-
tively, and reply (double) postal cards at 2
cents and 4 cents each, respectively.
Special Delivery Service.
Special delivery service is the prompt delivery
of mail by messenger during prescribed hours to
persons who resid" within the carrier limits of
city delivery offices, to patrons of rural serv-
ice who reside more than one mile from post-
offices but within one-half mile of rural routes,
and to residents within one mile of any post-
office
This service is obtained by placing on any letter
or article of mail a special delivery stamp or
10 cents' worth of ordinary stamps in addition
to the lawful postage. When ordinary stamp*
are used the words "Special Delivery" must be
placed on the tuvelope or wrapper directly un-
der, but never on the stamps; otherwise the
letter or article will not be accorded special
delivery service.
Beoistry System.
Any matter, properly addressed and bearing
the name and address of the sender, admissible
to the domestic mails (except fourth-class mail,
which may be insured), or to the postal union
mails (except foreign "parcel post" packages
for Barbados, Curacao, Dutch Guiana. France.
Great Britain, Guadeloupe, Martinique, the
Netherlands and Uruguay), may be registered.
Foreign "parcel post" mail must be taken to
the postoffice to be registered, but other m«il
ru.iy bo registered at any postoffice or postoffiVe
station by rural carriers, and, when sealed and
not cumbersome, by city carriers in residential
districts.
The registry fee for each separate article, for-
eign or domestic, is 10 cents In addition to
the postage, both to be fully prepaid.
Indemnity for lost registered mail will be
paid as follows:
Domestic mail, first class (sealed), up to $50.
actual value; third class (unsealed), up to $25,
actual value.
Foreign mail, amount claimed within limit of
50 francs ($9.65), for total loss (not partial loss
or rifling) of a registered article exchanged
between the United States and a postal union
country, except foreign parcel post matter, and
losses beyond control ("force majeure").
Application for a money order must be made
on a form fuinished for that purpose and be
presented at the money order window of the
postoffico or one of its stations. Money orders
are issued for any desired amount from 1 cent
to $100, and when a larger sum than $100 is
to be sent any number of additional orders
may be obtained. Applications may be made
through rural carriers, who will furnish the nec-
essary forms and give receipts for the amounts.
International money orders, payable in almost
any part of the world, may be obtained at all
of the larger postoffices and at many of the
smaller ones.
Fees for money orders payable in the United
States (which includes Hawaii. Porto Rico and
the Virgin islands) and its possessions, compris-
ing the Canal Zone. Guam, the Philippines and
Tutuila. Samoa ; also for orders payable in Ber-
muda, British Guiana. British Honduras, Canada,
Cuba, Mexico, Newfoundland, at the United
States postal agency at Shanghai (China), in
the Bahama islands and in certain other islands
in the West Indies:
For orders from $0.01 to $2.50 3 cents
For orders from 2.51 to 5.00 5 cents
For orders from 5.01 to 10.00 8 cents
For orders from 10.01 to 20.00 10 cents
For orders from 20.01 to 30.00 12 cents
For orders from 30.01 to 40.00 15 cents
For orders from 40.01 to 50.00 18 cents
For orders from 50.01 to 60.00 20 cents
For orders from 60.01 to 75.00 25 cents
For orders from 75.01 to 100.00 30 cents
The fees for foreism money orders payable
in auy country on which a money order may be
drawn, other than those named above, may be
ascertained upon inquiry at the postoffice,
FOREIGN MAIL MATTER.
Rates of Postage.
The rates of postage applicable to articles
for foreign countries are as fo'lows: Cents.
Letters for Canada, Cuba, Mexico. Re-
public of Panama, city of Shanghai
(China). Ensrland. Ireland. Newfound-
land. Santo Dominpro. Scotland. Wales,
the Bahamis, Barbados, British Gui-
ana. British Honduras, Dutch West
Indies. Leeward islands. New Zealand,
Trinidad, (including Tobago \ and the
416
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Windward islands (including- Grenada,
St. Vincent, the Grenadines and St.
Lucia), per ounce
Letters for Germany by direct steamers,
per ounce
letters for all other foreign countries,
and Germany when not dispatched by
direct steamers :
For the first ounce or fraction of an
ounce
For each additional ounce or fraction
of an ounce
Single postcards (including souvenir
cards), each
Reply postal cards, each
Printed matter of all kinds, for each two
ounces or fraction of two ounces
Commercial papers, for the first ten
ounces or less
For each additional two ounces or
fraction of two ounces
Samples of merchandise, for the first four
ounces or less 2
For each additional two ounces or
fraction of two ounces 1
Registration fee in addition to postage.. 10
Foreign Parcel Post.
Postage rates— Postage must be prepaid in full
by stamps affixed at the rate of 12 cents a
pound or fraction of a pound. Registry fee 1«
cents in addition to postage.
Dimensions — To all countries named packages
are limited to three and one-half feet in length
and to six feet in length and girth combined,
except that packages for Colombia and Mexico
are limited to two feet in length and four feet
in girth.
Weight — Packages to certain postoffices in
Mexico must not exceed four pounds six ounces
in weight, but those for all other countries
named may weigh up to but not exceeding eleven
pounds.
NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.
Established by act of Congress March 21. 1866.
Names and Location of Branches — Central.
Dayton, O.; Northwestern. Milwaukee, Wis.:
Southern. Hampton. Va.: Eastern. Togus. Me.;
Western. Leavenworth, Kas.: Marion, Marion.
Ind.; Pacific. Santa Monica. Cal.: Danville.
Danville. 111.: Mountain. Johnson City. Tenn.;
Battle Mountain Sanitarium. Hot Springs, S. D.
Board of Managers— The president of the Unit-
ed States, the chief justice of the Supreme
court, the secretary of war ex officiis, Wash-
ington. D. C.; president. Capt. John C. Nelson,
Logansport, Ind.; first vice-president, Maj.
James W. Wadsworth. Geneseo, N. Y.j secre-
tary, James S. Catherwood, Hoopeston, 111.;
Col. H. H. Markham, Pasadena, Cal.; Menan-
der Dennett. Lewis* on. Me.; Col. George Black.
Olathe, Kas.: Gen. George H. Wood, Dayton, O.
General treasurer— Col. C. W. Wadsworth.
Inspector-general
James E. Miller.
and chief surgeon— Col.
Requirements for Admission.
1. Honorable discharge from the United States
2. Disability which prevents the applicant from
earning a living by labor.
3. Applicants for admission will be required to
abide by all the rules and regulations made by
the board of managers, perform all the duties
required of them and obey all the lawful orders
of the officers of the home.
4. A soldier or sailor to be admitted must for-
ward with his application his discharge paper.
Ms pension certificate if he is a pensioner and
his discharge from a state home if he has been
an inmate of such home. These papers are re-
tained at the branch to which he is admitted
to prevent their loss or fraud, but are returned
to him when he is discharged. Soldiers or sail-
ors whose pensions exceed $16 a month are not
admitted to the home except for special reasons.
The National Home for Disabled Volunteer
Soldiers is supported by the United States gov-
ernment. The annual appropriation for that pur-
pose is about $4.000.000.
STATE SOLDIERS' HOMES.
There are a number of state homes for dis-
abled volunteer soldiers who, for various reasons,
are unable to obtain admission to the national
homes. The federal government contributes to-
ward the support of the state homes the sum of
California— Yountville.
New Jersey— Kearny and
Colorado — Monte Vista.
Vineland.
Connecticut — Noroton
New Hampshire— Tilton.
Heights.
Illinois— Quincy.
New York— Bath and
Oxford.
Idaho — Boise.
North Dakota— Lisbon.
Indiana — Lafayette.
Ohio — Sanduskv.
Iowa — Marshalltown.
Oregon— Roseburg.
Kansas— Fort Dodee.
Pennsylvania — Erie.
Massachusetts— Chelsea.
Rhode Island— Bristol.
Michigan— Grand Rapids.
S. Dakota— Hot Springs.
Minnesota— Minnehaha.
Vermont— Bennington.
Missouri — St. James.
Washington— Orting ani
Montana — Columbus
Port Orchard.
Falls.
Wisconsin— Waupaca.
Nebraska — Grand Island
Wyoming — Cheyenne.
and Milford.
$100 for each soldier, based npon the average at-
tendance for ihe vear: the remainder of the ex-
penses is paid by the states themselves. Some
of these homes are on the cottage plan. Follow-
ing is a list of the state homes:
HOME FOR REGULAR ARMY SOLDIERS.
The United States maintains a home for 'dis-
abled and discharged soldiers of the regular
army at Washington. D. C. All soldiers who
have served twenty years in the army and all
soldiers who have incurred such disability, by
wounds, disease or injuries in the line of duty
while in the regular army, as unfits them for fur-
ther service are entitled to admission to the
home. The home is in charge of a board of
commissioners, consisting of the governor of the
home, the adjutant-general of the army, the
judge-advocate, the commissary-general, the quar-
termaster-general. the chief of engineers and the
surgeon-general. The present governor is Lieut.-
Gen. S. B. M. Young (retired).
CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS' HOMES.
Confederate veterans of the civil war have a
home at Beauvoir. near Biloxi. Miss. The resi-
dence there of Jefferson Davis in his last vears
was secured in 1902 as a refuge for helpless old
southern soldiers by the United Sons of Confed-
erate Veterans. It is supported by that society
and the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
Another home for confederat *etera"
opened in Washington. D.
the women of the Southern
Ma2413
lief association.
DEATH OF ADELINA PATTI.
Adelina Patti. one of the world's most fa-
mous singers, died at her home. Craig-y-Nos
castle. Penycae. Wales. Sept. 27. 1919. in her
77th year. She was born in Madrid. Spain.
Feb. 19. 1843. daughter of Salvatore Patti
of Catania. Sicily, and of Caterina Chiesi. an
opera singer. She made her debut in the
Academy of Music in New York city in No- strom.
vember. 1-859. and in London in May. 1861. '
winning fame she appeared at all tho
chief musical centers of the old and new W9rld
nnd it was generally agreed that in her prime
she was without pn equal as an ooera singer.
She was married three times, her first husband
b°ins- the Marqnis d*
the second Sig.
Nicolini. and the third. Baron Rolf Ceder-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
417
NATIONAL PROHIBITION
The house of representatives in Washington,
D. C.. by a vote of 282 to 128 adopted. Dec.
17, 1917, the senate joint resolution submit-
ting1 to the states an amendment providing: for
the suppression of the liquor traffic one year
after the ratification of the amendment Vy
the required thirty-six state legislatures and
also providing that the amendment shall be
inoperative unless ratified within seven years
from the date of submission. The resolution
had passed the senate Aug. 1, 1917, by a
vote of 65 to 20. It was amended in the
house and the senate accepted the resolution
as amended Dec. 18 by a rising- vote of 47
yeas to 8 nays.
Following: is the joint resolution as adopted
by the house and senate:
"Article — . Section 1. After one year from
the ratification of this article the manufacture,
sale or transportatipn of intoxicating- liquors
within, the importation thereof into, or the ex-
portation thereof from the United States and
all territory subject to the jurisdiction there-
of for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
"Sec. 2. The congress and the several
states shall have concurrent power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
"Sec. 3. This article shall be inoperative
unless it shall have been ratified as an amend-
ment to the constitution by the legislatures of
the several states, as provided in the consti-
tution, within seven years from the date of
the submission hereof to the states by the
congress."
The proposed amendment was submitted to
state legislatures for ratification and by Jan.
16. 1919. more than thirty-six, the number re-
quired for making an amendment to the con-
stitution valid, had taken affirmative action.
The dates on which the various states ratified
the amendment were as follows:
1918.
Mississippi. Jan. 9.
Virginia, Jan. 10.
Kentucky, Jan. 14.
South Carolina, Jan. 23
North Dakota, Jan. 25
Maryland, Feb. 13.
Montana, Feb. 19.
Texas, March 4.
Delaware. March 18.
So. Dakota, March 20
Massachusetts, April 2
Arizona, May 24.
Georgia. June 26.
Louisiana, Aug. 8.
Florida. Nov. 27.
Oregon. Jan. 15.
Utah, Jan. 15.
Nebraska. Jan. 16.
Missouri, Jpn. 16.
Wyoming. J?n. 16.
Wisconsin. Jan. 17.
Nevada. Jan. 21.
Vermont. Jan. 29.
New York, Jan. 29.
Pennsylvania, Feb. 25.
1919.
Michigan, Jan. 2.
Ohio. Jan. 7.
Oklahoma, Jan. 7.
Idaho. Jan. 8.
Tennessee. Jan. 8.
W. Virginia, Jan. 9.
California, Jan. 13.
Washington. Jan. 13.
Illinois, Jan. 14.
Indiana, Jan. 14.
Arkansas, Jan. 14.
Kansas. Jan. 14.
No. Carolina. Jan. 14.
Alabama. Jan. 14.
Colorado, Jan. 15.
Iowa, Jan. 15.
New Hampshire, Jan. 15
Connecticut, New Jersey and Rhode Island
refused to ratify the federal prohibition
amendment.
The states dry prior to December. 1917. were:
Alabama.
Arizona.
Arkansas.
Colorado.
Georgia.
Idaho.
Iowa.
Kansas.
Maine.
Michigan.
Mississippi.
Montana.
Nebraska.
Oregon.
South Carolina.
South Dakota.
Tennessee.
Utah.
North Carolina. Virginia.
North Dakota. Washington.
Oklahoma. West Virginia.
Prohibition bills were passed by Ohio. Texas,
Missouri and Delaware in 1919. A proposed
amendment to the Michigan constitution per-
mitting the sale and manufacture of beer and
vine was defeated at the state election April
7. 1919.
AMENDMENT RATITIED.
RATIFICATION PROCLAIMED.
Ratification of the prohibition amendment to
the federal constitution was formally pro-
claimed Jan. 29, 1919. by Frank L. Polk,
acting secretary of state in the absence of
Secretary Robert Lansing, who was attending
the peace conference in Paris. Though the
document was dated the 29th, legal authori-
ties in the department held that the ratifica-
tion was accomplished when the thirty-sixth
state acted affirmatively on Jan. 16 and that
under the terms of the amendment itself pro-
hibition would become effective one year from
that date, or Jan. 16. 1920.
The proclamation was signed by Mr. Polk
at 11 :20 a. m. in the presence of Senator
Sheppard of Texas, author of the amendment
resolution: Former Secretary Bryan, Repre-
sentative Randall of California, prohibitionist
member of the house, and officials of the
Anti-Saloon League of America, the Woman's
Christian Temperance union and other anti-
saloon organizations.
Mr. Polk used several pens in affixing- his
signature and presented them to Senator Shep-
pard, Mr. Bryan, Representative Randall and
others.
The proclamation follows:
"To all to whom these presents shall come,
greeting :
"Know ye, that the congress of the United
States at the second session 65th congress
begun at Washington on the 3d day of De-
cember in the year 1917, passed a resolution
in the words and figures following— to wit:
" 'Joint resolution, proposing an amendment
to the constitution of the United States:
" 'Resolved by the senate and house of rep-
resentatives of the United States of America
in congress assembled, (two-thirds of each
house concurring therein) : That the follow-
ing amendment to the constitution be. and
hereby is, proposed to the states to become
valid as a part of the constitution when rati-
fied by the legislatures of the several states
as provided by the constitution:
" 'Article — . Section 1. After one year from
the ratification of this article the manufacture,
sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors
within, the importation thereof into or the ex-
portation thereof from the United States and
all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof
for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
" 'Section 2. The congress and the several
states shall have power to enforce this article
by appropriate legislation.
" 'Section 3. This article shall be inopera-
tive unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the constitution by the legisla-
tures of the several states, as provided in
the constitution, within seven years from the
date of the submission hereof to the states by
the congress.'
"And, further, that it appears from official
documents on file in this department that the
amendment to the constitution of the United
States proposed as afortsaid has been ratified
by the legislatures of the states of Alabama,
Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware. Flor-
ida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massa-
chusetts, Michigan, Minnesota. Mississippi.
Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire. North
Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ore-
gon, South Carolina. South Dakota, Texas,
Utah. Virginia, Washington, West Virginia,
Wisconsin and Wyoming.
"And, further, that the states whose legis-
latures have so ratified the said proposed
amendment constitute three-fourths 'of tho
whole number of states in the United States.
"Now. therefore, be it known that I, Frank
L. Polk, acting secretary of state of the
418
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
United States, by virtue and in pursuance of
section 205 of the revised statutes of the
United States, do hereby certify that the
amendment aforesaid has become valid to all
intents and purposes as a part of the consti-
tution of the United States.
"In testimony whereof I have hereunto set
my hand and caused the seal of the depart-
ment of state to be affixed.
"Done at the city of Washington this 29th
day of January, in the year of our Lord one
thousand nine hundred and nineteen.
"FRANK L. POLK,
"Acting Secretary of State."
PROHIBITION DURING WAR AND
DEMOBILIZATION.
In an act passed by congress and approved
Nov. 21, 1918, the following provisions were
made :
After June 30, 1919, until the conclusion of
the present war and thereafter until the ter-
mination of demobilization, the date of which
shall be determined and proclaimed by the
president of the United States, for the pur-
pose of conserving the man power of the na-
tion, and to increase efficiency in the produc-
tion of arms, munitions, ships, food and
clothing for the army and navy, it shall be
unlawful to sell for beverage purposes any
distilled spirits, and during said time no dis-
tilled spirits held in bond shall be removed
therefrom for beverage purposes except for
export. After May 1. 1919, until the conclu-
sion of the present war and thereafter until
the termination of demobilization, the date
of which shall be determined and proclaimed
by the president of the United States, no
grains, cereals, fruit or other food product
shall be used in the manufacture or produc-
tion of beer, wine or other intoxicating malt
or vinous liquor for beverage purposes. After
June 30. 1919, until the conclusion of the
present war and thereafter until the termina-
tion of demobilization, the date of which
shall be determined and proclaimed by the
president of the United States, no beer, wine
or other intoxicating malt or vinous liquor
shall be sold for beverage purposes except for
export. The commissioner of internal revenue
is hereby authorized and directed to prescribe
rules and regulations, subject to the approval
of the secretary of the treasury, in regard to
the manufacture and sale of distilled spirits
and removal of distilled spirits held in bond
after June 30. 1919. until this act shall cease
to operate, for other than beverage purposes:
also in regard to the manufacture, sale and
distribution of wine for sacramental, medicinal
or other than beverage uses. After the ap-
proval of this act no distilled, malt, vinous.
or other intoxicating liquors shall be imported-
into the United States during the continuance
of the present war and period of demobiliza-
tion: Provided. That this provision against
importation shall not apply to shipments en
route to the United States at the time of the
passage of this act.
Any person who violates any of the fore-
going provisions shall be punished by impris-
onment not exceeding one year, or by fine not
exceeding SI. 000, or by both such imprison-
ment and fine: Provided. That the president ol
the United States be, and hereby is. authorized
and empowered, at any time after the passage
of this act, to establish zones of such size; as
he may deem advisable about coal mines,
munition factories, shipbuilding plants and
such other plants for war material as may
seem to him to require such action whenever
in his opinion) the creation of such zones is
necessary to, or advisable in, the proper pros-
ecution of the war, and that he is hereby au-
thorized and empowered to prohibit the sale,
manufacture or distribution of intoxicating
liquors in such zones, and that any violation
of the president's regulations in this regard
shall be punished by imprisonment for not
more than one year, or by fine or not more
than §1, 000 or by both such fine and impris-
onment: Provided further. That nothing in this
act shall be construed to interfere with the
power conferred upon the president by section
fifteen of the food-control act. approved Aug".
10, 1917. (Public No. 40, 65th congress).
. PROHIBITION ACT ENFORCED.
The act quoted above was rigidly enforced
in most states beginning July 1, 1919, and
thereafter there was no open sale of wines
and liquors, though beer containing not more
than 2% per cent of alcohol continued to be
sold in some states. There was, however,
much illicit selling of the prohibited spirits
and many arrests were made by the federal
authorities, especially in the large cities.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
Steps were taken early in the year by dis-
tillers and brewers to test the constitutionality
both of the war time prohibition act and the
constitutional amendment providing for na-
tional prohibition. Many of them met in Chi-
cago Jan. 7 and decided to fight the dry
forces in every state in the union and before
the United States Supreme court. Levy Mayer
of Chicago was retained as chief counsel.
One of their contentions was that the amend-
ment was unconstitutional under article X,
which provides that powers not delegated to
the United States by the constitution nor pro-
hibited by it to the states shall be reserved
to the states respectively.
On the same day that the distillers met in
Chicago the United States Supreme court sus-
tained the constitutionality of the Webb-Ken-
yon act forbidding the shipment of liquor into
dry territory. The decision made it evident
that the same conclusions would apply to the
prohibition amendment to the constitution
when brought up for review.
Preliminary action toward testing the war
time prohibition act was taken in New York
city by the filing of a suit to restrain the
Everard Brewery company from suspending its
manufacturing activities May 1 and its sales
July 1. The complaint, which was drawn up
by Elihu Root, alleged that the emergency pro-
hibition clause of the agricultural bill adopted
on Nov. 21, 1918, is unconstitutional as a
measure intended to safeguard the national se-
curity and defense, the armistice having been
signed, hostilities ceased, and orders given pre-
liminary to reduction of the military forces
before that date.
On March 19 William D. Guthrie, Elihu Root
and William L. Marbury, representing the
United Brewers' association, applied to the fed-
eral District court in New York city for an
injunction restraining the collector of inter-
nal revenue and the United States district
attorney from beginning any proceedings to
interfere with the Jacob Hoffman Brewing
company's contemplated production of beer of
2% per cent alcoholic content.
The complaint not only challenged the rev-
enue department's definition of intoxicants as
without legal authority, but also attacked the
constitutionality of the war time prohibition
net forbidding the manufacture after May 1
and the sale after July 1 of intoxicants. It
alleged "purpose, intent and threat" on the
part of the commissioner of internal rev-
enue and the department of justice to en-
force against the complainant and its officers
and employes the various penalties established
for violations of the revenue rulings.
Federal Judge Mayer on May 23 granted the
injunction asked for by the United Brewers'
association until the court had passed upon
the legality of the emergency prohibition act.
Gov. Beeckman of Rhode Island signed a
resolution passed by the general assembly di-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
419
reeling- the attorney-general to secure from
the United States Supreme court a determina-
tion of the constitutionality of the prohibition
amendment.
Attorney- General A. Mitchell Palmer on June
30 announced that the department of justice
would enforce the war time prohibition act.
but that until the courts determined whether
beer containing1 less than 2% per cent alco-
hol was or was not intoxicating: no arrests ex-
cept in test cases would be made for its sale.
In Boston, Mass., Federal Judge George W.
Anderson held on July 15 that the sale of
nonintoxicating beer was not illegal. On the
same day in Pittsburgh, Pa., Federal Judge
W. H. S. Thomson overruled the demurrers of
the Pittsburgh and Independent brewing com-
panies to charges of violating the war time
prohibition act. In New Orleans, La., on the
same day Federal Judge Rufus E. Foster sus-
tained a demurrer filed by the American Brew-
ing company to an indictment charging that
the manufacture of beer of more than one-
half of one per cent of alcoholic content was
in violation of the war time prohibition act.
Beer of 2% per cent alcoholic content was
held to be intoxicating in a decision handed
down by Federal Judge Thomas Ives Chatfield
of Brooklyn, N. Y.. July 24, in a test case
brought by the government against Martin
Schmauder of New Haven, Conn.
Manufacture or sale of malt beverages con-
taining one-half of 1 per cent or more of
alcohol was held illegal by Federal Judge
George T. Page in Chicago, July 25, when he
upheld District Attorney Clyne in the test
beer suit as against the Stenson Brewing com-
pany, overruling the demurrer of the def end-
ant to the bill of information filed by the
government.
"In stating1 that no beer or other intoxicat-
ing liquors could be manufactured, congress
obviously meant that beer or other beverages
containing one-half of 1 per cent or more
alcohol were intoxicating," said Judge Page.
"In the revenue section of the act a tax is
provided on all liquors of less than one-half
of 1 per cent as unfermented."
July 24 Levy Mayer, as counsel for the
Association Opposed to National Prohibition
issued a statement taking the ground that
forty-five state legislatures having ratified the
prohibition amendment, it will be void if the
people in ten of the states where the ref-
erendum has been instituted should reverse
the action of their legislatures.
In those states whose constitutions reserve
to the people the right to referendum there is
a provision, in substance, that "all acts, bills,
and resolutions adopted by the legislature shall
not take effect until a specified time after the
legislature has adjourned," Mr. Mayer said.
"During that time all such acts, bills, and
resolutions are suspended and do not have the
force of law. If during that time the people
petition for a referendum, the act, bill or
resolution is entirely suspended until the peo-
ple have voted either in favor or against the
proposition. The right of referendum exists
in fifteen states.
"To date, legislatures of forty-five states
have ratified the eighteenth amendment. The
federal constitution requires thirty-six states.
Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Jersey
have not ratified. If the people in ten of the
referendum states that are included among
the forty-five do not approve of the ratifica-
tion resolutions of their respective legislatures,
then only thirty-five states will have ratified
the amendment and the amendment will not
have received the ratification of the requisite
three-fourths, and, therefore, the amendment
will not have been adopted. The states in
which the referendum proceedings have been
invoked are:
"Michigan, Ohio, Missouri, Arkansas, New
Mexico, Colorado, Nebraska, Washington, Cal-
ifornia, Nevada, Maine, Oklahoma, Oregon.
Utah and Idaho. Of these fifteen, the pe-
titions were thrown out in Oregon. Utah and
Idaho. An appeal from the decisions of the
highest courts of Oregon. Utah and Id^ho
may be taken to the United States Supreme
court."
In Ohio, Sept. 30, the state Supreme court
affirmed a decision of the lower courts dis-
missing a petition seeking to compel the sec-
retary of state to refuse to accept petitions
filed by the Ohio Home Rule association call-
ing for a referendum at the November elec-
tion on the ratification of the prohibition
amendment.
PROHIBITION ENFORCEMENT.
For congressional legislation to enforce the
prohibition amendment to the constitution see
"Work of the Sixty-Sixth Congress," in this
volume.
LIQUOR PROHIBITION IN NORWAY.
In Norway a plebiscite to determine the
question of national prohibition of alcohol
was taken Oct. 6, 1919, and resulted in a
vote of 528.455 for snch prohibition and
284.137 against. The measure applies only
to whisky, brandy and other strong- liquors
and does not affect wines and beers.
CENTENARIANS IN THE UNITED STATES.
According to the census of 1010 there were
then in the United States 3.55o persons 100
years of age or over. Of these. 1.380 were men
and 2,175 were women. Classified according .to
the color they were: White men. 326: white
women, 438: total. 764: negro men. 1.004: ne-
gro women, 1.671; total, 2,675: Indian men,
50: Indian women. 66: total, 116. Classified
as to place of birth. 439 were native white
and 293 foreign bom white. The number of
centenarians reported by the census of 1900
was 3,504. "It mrty be noted." says a census
report in commenting on these figures, "that
the proportion of centenarians according- to the
census returns was less in 1910 than in 1900.
In fact, the proportion has steadily decreased
from census to census for over half a ce
The number of centenarians reported in
was equal to 4 for each 100,000 of the total
population, while the corresponding1 ratio in
1850 was 11. It is improbable that any such
decrease in longevity has actually occurred. By
no means have all those who report themselves
as 100 years old or more, in fact, reached that
age. and the apparent reduction in the propor-
tion of centenarians is probably due to greater
accuracy in the returns."
Deaths of centenarians reported from Nov. 1,
1918. to Nov. 1. 1919:
Cohen, Abraham, 101, Chicago. Sept. 20.
Cushing, Mrs. Sarah L.. 101. Lockport, N. Y..
March 12.
Goodrige, Mrs. Eliza. 100. Chicago. 111..
March 28.
Johnson. James M., 102. Cincinnati. O., July 26.
Newman, Russell, 108, Midvale. Idaho, April 7.
Wielski, Katherine. 109, Milwaukee, Wis..
Sept. 2.
INC03FEJ TAX COLLECTED IN BRITAIN.
Yeai
1907-
Total tax.
Tear.
Total tax.
1908 $159.391,900 I 1911-1912 $221,670.200
1908-1909 1fi8.540.700 1912-1913
1909-1910 S63.7R0.450 1913-1914
1910-1911 316,982.150 I 1914-1915
223.561,900
236,205.000
346.990,000
Ypar.
Total tax.
1915-1916 $641,600,000
1916-1917 1.025.165.000
1917-1918 1,197.545.000
1918-1919 (est.) 1.337.500.000
420
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Sporting
BASEBALL SEASON OF 1919.
In the National baseball league the cham
Dionship for 1919 was won by the Cincinnat
team (Reds) for the first time since th
league was organized on its present basis
In the American league the winning team wa
the White Sox of Chicago.
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
Standing of the Clubs.
Club.
141316141596
11 12 14 14 14 87 .621
11 11 13131375 .536
.. 111111-1471 .511
9 .. 13 11 12 69 .491
8 7 .. 10 15 57 .41(
9 9 10 . . 7 54 .394
6 8 5 10 . . 47 .343
Cincinnati • .
New York...
Chicago ....
Pittsburgh . .
Brooklyn ...
Boston
St. Louis ...
Philadelphia
Lost 44 53 65 68 71 82 83 90
Twenty Leading Batsmen in 1919.
Playing in forty or more g-ames.
Matter and club. G. AB. R. H. TB. SB. Pet
•Cravath. Phil.... 83 215 34 73 137 8 .340
Thorpe. Bos 62 159 16 52 68 7 .327
Roush, Cin 133 503 73 161 217 21 .320
Hornsby, St. L.. 137 609 68 161 218 17 .316
Barber. Chi 75 229 26 72 89 7 .314
Groh Cin..., ...122 448 79 140 194 22 .313
•Carey. Pgh 66 244 39 75 89 18 .307
Meusel. Phil.... 134 516 65 128 213 25 .306
Myers. Bklyn....l33 612 62 156 221 13 .305
Young. N. Y 129 485 73 148 197 24 .305
ftock. St.L 134 491 56 150 175 17 .305
onetchy, Bklyn.132 486 46 145 189 13 .298
Z. Wheat, Bklyn.136 530 66 156 214 12 .294
Flack. Chi 116 471 71 138 384 19 .293
Whitted. Pgh.. ..Ill 420 49 123 169 12
Holke. Bos 137 515 47 151 176 18 .293
Burns. N. Y 139 534 86 156 207 29
Deal. Chi 116 405 36 117 155 11
Stengel, Phil 89 323 38 93 136 12 .288
Doyle. N. Y 112 380 60 109 163 13 .:
Champion Batters Since 18V6.
Batter and club. Average.
1876— Barnes, Chicago 403
1877— White, Boston 385
1878— Dairymple. Milwaukee 380
1879— Anson. Chicago 407
1880— Gore, Chicago 365
1881— Anson, Chicago 393
1882— Brouthers, Buffalo .367
1883— Brouthers, Buffalo 371
1884— O'Rourke, Buffalo 350
1885— Connor, -•lew York 371
1886— Kelly, Chicago 388
1887— Maul. Philadelphia 343
1888— Anson, Chicago 343
1889— Brouthers. Boston 313
1890— Luby, Chicago 342
1891— Hamilton, Boston 338
1892— Brouthers. Boston 335
1893— Stenzel. Pittsburgh 409
1894— Duffy. Boston . .438
1895— Burkett. Cleveland 438
1896— Burkett. Cleveland 419
1897— Keeler, Baltimore 417
1898— Keeler. Baltimore 387
1899— D^lehanty. Philadelphia 408
1900— Warner, Pittsburgh 384
1901 —Burkett. St. Louis 1382
1902— Beaumont. Pittsburgh 367
1903— Warner, Pittsburgh 355
1904— Wagner, Pittsburgh 349
agner. Pittsburgh
1909— Wagner. Pittsburgh . .
1910— Magee, Philadelphia..
1911 -Wagner, Pittsburgh
1912— Zimmerman, Chicago
1913— Daubert. Brooklyn
1914— Daubert, Brooklyn . .
1915— Doyle. New York
1916— Chase. Cincinnati . .
1917— Roush. Cincinnati
1918— Wheat. Brooklyn. . . .
1919— Cravath. Philadelphia
Championship Record.
I«T« Club. Won. Lost
If76— Chicago 62 14
1877 — Boston 31 17
1878 — Boston 41 19
1879 — Providence .... . 55 23
1880— Chicago , 67 17
1881— Chicago 56 28
1882-Chicago 65 29
1883— Boston 63 35
1884— Providence 84 28
1 885 — Chicago 87 25
1886-Chicago 90 34
1887— Detroit 79 45
1888— New York . 84 47
1889— New York . 83 43
1890-Brooklyn I i 86 43
1891— Boston 87 51
1892— Boston .... 102 48
1893— Boston 86 44
1894— Baltimore 89 39
1895 — Baltimore 87 43
1896— Baltimore 90 39
1897— Boston 93 39
1898— Boston . 91 47
1899— Brooklyn 101 47
1900— Brooklyn 82 54
1901— Pittsburgh 90 49
1902— Pittsburgh .'103 36
1903-Pittsburfh 91 49
1904— New York . 106 47
1905-New York 105 48
1906— Chicago 116 36
L907-Chicago 107 45
1908-Chicago I.....: 99 55
1909— Pittsburgh 110 42
1910— Chicago . 104 50
1911-New York ! 99 54
1912— New York 103 48
1913— New York 101 51
1914— Boston 94 59
L915— Philadelphia 90 62
L916— Brooklyn 94 60
L917— New York 98 56
19 J 8— Ohiras-o 84 45
1919— Cincinnati 96 44
AMERICAN LEAGUE.
Standinn of th" PJi/bs
•*
Pet.
.788
.648
.707
.705
.798
.667
.655
.643
.750
.776
.725
.637
.641
.659
.667
.630
.680
.662
.695
.669
.698
.795
.659
.682
.603
.647
.741
.650
.693
.686
.763
.704
.643
.725
.675
.647
.682
.664
.614
.592
.610
.636
.651
.686
Chicago
leveland
"Jew York
Detroit
Boston
Louis
Washington
Philadelphia
12 12 11 11 11 14 17 88 .629
8 . . 13 81511131684.604
8 7 . . 12 912141880 576
912 8 . . 11 14 12 14 80 !571
9 410 9.. 9111466.482
998 6 10 .. 12 13 67 .482
67689 8 .. 12 56 .400
342 6678. .36 .257
Lost _______ 52 54 59 60 71 72 84 104
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
42X
Twenty Leading Batsmen in 1919.
Playing in forty games or more.
Batter and club G. AB. R. H. TB. SB. Pet.
Cobb Det 124 499 90 190 255 30 .381
Chicago. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
Wilkinson, p. 1000000000
Lo'd'rmilk. p.O 000000010
'McMullin ..1011000000
Ja.ck.son Giii»«»139 518 79 180 260 10 .347
PlSratead' Det'. 96 287 42 95 138 4 !331
Tobin St. L..126 483 54 159 210 8 .325
Ruth' Bos 130 432 103 140 283 8 .324
Jac'bsoS St. L.120 454 68 146 205 10 .32*
Rice Wash 141 557 79 179 230 27 .321
Herman, Det 139 536 74 172 257 7 .321
E Collins Chi. 140 518 87 lob 211 o4 .d^l
Peck'pa'h N.Y.122 453 89 139 184 12 .307
Totals ...31 1 6 6 1 1 0 24 14 1
*McMullin batted for Wilkinson in eighth.
Cincinnati. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
Rath. 2b 3212010430
Daubert. lb.4 135000900
Groh, 3b 3111100030
Roush. cf....4 0 0 01 0 0 8 0 0
Duncan, If . ..4 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0
Kopf, ss 4 100000121
Neale. rf 4 233000300
Wingo. c 3111010120
Ruether, p. ..3 1 3 100020
Johnston Clev.102 332 41 101 127 22 .304
McSmisT Bos.. 121 447 31 135 162 8 .302
Shorten. Det... 96 272 36 82 97 4 .302
Leibold, Chi... 122 438 81 132 154 17 .301
Champion Batters Since 1900.
Batter and club. Aver337
Totals ....32 9 14 21 3 2 0 27 12 1
Chicago 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0—1
Cincinnati ...1 0 0 5 0 0 2 1 *— 9
Two base hit— Rath. Three base hits— Rue-
ther 2. Daubert. Struck out— By Cicotte. 1;
Wilkinson. 1; Ruether, 1. Bases on balls —
Off Cicotte. 2: Wilkinson, 1: Ruether. 1.
Double plays— Risberg to E. Collins. Risberg to
E Collins to Gandil Hits — Off Cicotte 7 in
3 2-3 innings' off Wilkinson 5 in 3 1-3 in-
In Cincinnati, Oct. 2.
Chicago. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
i ooo Pnhb* Detroit 375
J. Collins, rf.4 000000200
E.Collins. 2b.3 000100230
1911— Cobb, Detroit j~"
Weaver, 3b..4 023000300
1912— Cobb, Detroit |*JJ
Felsch, cf...2 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 1 0
Gandil, lb.. .4 0 1 1 0 0 1 7 0 O
Risberg. ss. .4 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 1
Schalk. c.... 4123000220
Williams, p.. 3 Ol 1000020
1918— Cobb, Detroit «°f
*McMullin ..1000000000
1919— Cobb, Detroit rf81
Championship Record.
Club Won.Loat. Pet
Totals ...33 2 10 13 1 2 1 24 10 1
*Batted for Williams in ninth.
Cincinnati. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH SB. PO. A. E.
1900 Chicago ° ".3 '«i X
Rath 2b 3100100120
1901 Chicago 83 53 .oi O
Daubert lb 3000010 12 20
1 Q0<> PhiladelDhia 83 53 .olO
Groh 3b 2100200010
1903 Boston 91 47 •}£%
Roush cf 2111200500
1904 Boston 95 59 .Oil
Duncan IfllOOllOlOO
1905— Philadelphia 92 56 .6^2
IQO« Chicago 93 58 .bio
Kopf, ss 3 0 1 3 0 0 0 3 6 0
1907 Detroit "^ *-* ««
Rariden c 3011000300
1908-Detroit 90 63 .588
Sallee. p 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0
1909— Detroit 98 54 .0*0
1Q10 Philadelphia • • -102 48 .bol
Totals ...23 4 4 6 6 2 0 27 14 1
1911 Philadelphia 101 50 .66£
Chicago . 00000020 0— 2
191° Boston 105 47 .691
Cincinnati 00030100 * — 4
•fo-To Philidplnhia - - 96 57 .627
-1014 Philadelohia ....... "" 5o -oo
Two base hits — Jackson, Weaver, Schalk.
1915HBoston . '. '. . 101 50 .669
igig Boston 91 63 .o91
1917 Chicago 100 54 .641
1918— Boston 75 51 .595
1919 Chicago "" "" -o/4i
Kopf-Daubert. Balk — Sallee. Time, 1 :42. Um-
pires — Evans at plate: Quigley at first; Nallin
WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES-
The Chicag-o American (White Sox) anc
Cincinnati National (Reds) league baeebjul
teams champions of their respective associa-
tions played for the 1919 championship of
the world with the following result:
In Cincinnati, Oct. 1.
,.<« r, A4B- 5- BFTf -sf • f f f • B8
^aSS-igS 8 M ? o
at second; Rigler at third.
In Chicago, Oct. 3.
Chicago. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
Leibold. rf...4 000000200
Collins. 2b...4 011000150
Weaver. 3b..4 011000O40
Jackson. If. .3122000100
Felsch, cf....2 100100100
Gandil. lb. ..3 O 1 1 O 0 0 14 1 0
Risberg. as.. .2 1131O046O
Schalk. c 30 1 1 0 0 0 4 0 0
Kerr. p 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
agS%£:J 5 8 8 ! HI 11
SS3£Jr.1Si.:i 8 § 8 ? 8
88355: £:.v.? 8 8 § 8 8 8 I I 8
Totals ...28 3 7 9 2 0 0 27 16 0
Cincinnati. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
Rath. 2b 4000000330
Daubert. lb.4 000000 14 10
Groh, 3D 3 0001O0250
422
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Cincinnati.AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
Roush. cf.. ..3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Duncan, If.. .3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kopf, ss 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
Neale. rf 3 000000100
Rariden, C...3000O00230
Fisher, p 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 1
Luque, p 0 O O 0 0 0 O 1 0 0
*Magee 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Two base hit—Eller. Three base hits— Roush.
Weaver. Struck out— Williams. 3: Eller, 9.
Bases on balls— Williams, 2: Mayer. 1; Eller.
1. Hits— Williams. 4 in 8 innings. Passed ball
—Schalk. Umpires— Rigler at plate; Evans at
first; Quigley at second; Nallin at third.
In Cincinnati, Oct. 7.
Chicago. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
J. Collins, rf.3 000000200
Leibold, rf... 1000101000
E. Collins. 2b4 000010460
Weaver. 3b...5 2 5 5 0 0 0 2 1 0
Jackson. If. ..4 122100110
Felsch, cf....5 1 2 3 0 0 0 2 0 1
Gandil. lb....4 011100 11 00
Risberg. ss.,.4 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 5 2
Schalk, c 2 011201420
Kerr, p 3 011010140
Totals ...29 0 3 3 1 0 0 24 18 1
*Magee batted for Fisher in eighth.
Cincinnati ...000000000—0
Chicago 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 *— 3
Three base hit— Risberg. Struck out— Kerr,
4; Fisher. 1: Luque. 1. Bases on balls— Kerr.
1: Fisher. 2. Double plays— Groh-Rath-Dau-
bert; Risbergr-E. Collins. Hits— Fisher. 7 in 7
innings. Umpires — Quigley at plate: Nallin at
first; Rigler at second: Evans at third.
In Chicago, Oct. 4.
Chicago. • AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
Leibold. rf...5 000000000
Collins. 2b...3 000000350
Weaver, 3b..4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
Jackson. If... 4 012000300
Felsch. cf...3 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Gandil. lb...4 0 1 1 0 0 0 14 0 0
Risberg, ss...3 000101340
Schalk, c 1 00 0 2 0 0 4 3 0
Cicotte. p.. ..3000 000 02 2
*Murphy . . . 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals ....35 5 10 13 6 2 2 30 19 3
Cincinnati. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB PO A E
Rath, 2b 5 0 1 1 0 0 1 4 1 0
Daubert. lb..4 1 2 2 0 1 1 8 0 0
Groh. 3b 4 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 2 0
Roush, cf....4 1 1 1 0 0 & 7 2 0
Duncan. If.. .5 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 0
Kopf ss 4000100150
Neale. rf 4 135000300
Rariden, C....4 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 0
Ruether, p... 2 112000000
Ring, p 2 000000010
Totals ...31 0 3 4 3 1 1 27 17 2
*Murphy batted for Cicotte in ninth.
Cincinnati. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
Rath. 2b 4 0 1 1 00 0 5 2 1
Daubert. lb.4 000000 10 00
Groh. 3b 4 000000231
Roush. cf....3 000000200
Duncan, If . . . 3 1 00 0 0 0 1 0 0
Kopf ss... 3111000120
Totals ....38 4 11 16 2 1 2 30 11 0
Chicago ..000013000 1—5
CincinnatiO 022000000—4
Two base hits— Groh. Duncan. Ruether.
Weaver (2). Felsch. Three base hit— Neale.
Struck out— Kerr. 2: Ring-. 2. Bases on balls
—Kerr, 2: Ruether. 3: Ring. 3. Double plays
— Roush-Groh; Jackson-Schalk; Risberg-E. Col-
lins-Gandil; Roush-Rath Kopf -Rath. Hits
—Off Ruether. 6 in 5 innings: Ring. 4 in 5
innings. Hit by pitcher— By Kerr (Roush).
Losing pitcher— Ring. Time. 2:06. Umpires
—Evans behind plate: Quigley at first; Nallin
at second; Rigler at third.
In Cincinnati, Oct. 8.
Chicago. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
J. Collins, cf.5 2340O0100
E.Collins. 2b.4 122010361
Weaver, 3b..4 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0
Jackson, If... 4 0 2 2 0 0 0 3 O 0
Fclsoh. rf.... 4 022000200
Gandil. lb....4 000000900
Risberg. SS...4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0
Schalk. c 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 4 10
Cicotte. p 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Neale, rf 3 0 1 2 O 0 0 4 0 0
Wingo. c 3022000200
Ring, p 3 0000000 !!0
Totals ...30 2 5 6 0 0 0 27 9 2
Cincinnati ...000020000—2
Chicago 0 00000000—0
Two base hits— Jackson. Neale. Struck out
— Cicotte. 2: Ring. 2. Double plays— E. Col-
lins-Risberg-Gandil : Cicotte-Risberp-Gfrndil. Hit
by pitcher — By Ring. E. Collins. Schalk. Passed
ball— Wingo. Umpires— Nallin at plate. Rigler
at first base, Evans at second base, Quigley at
third base.
In Chicago, Oct. 6.
Chicago. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
:Leibold, rf. ..3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Collins, 2b....4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1
Weaver. 3b.. 4024000120
Jackson, If.. 4000000310
Felsch. cf. ..3 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 O 0
Gandil, Ib. ..3 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0
Risberg. ss.. 3 000000122
Schalk. c.. ..20 11 000320
Lynn, c 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Williams, p... 2 000000100
Mayer, p 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*Murphy ....1 OOOOOOOOO
Totals ....37 4 10 11 0 1 0 27 13 1
Cincinnati. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB PO. A. E.
Rath. 2b 5011000331
Daubert. Ib .4 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1
Groh, 3b.. .4 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 1
Roush. cf.. .4 0 O 0 0 0 0 3 1 1
Duncan. If.. .4 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
Kopf. ss 4 011000260
Neale, rf 4 011000300
Wingo. c 1 011300510
Sallee p 1OO0000010
Fisher, p 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
*Ruether ....1000000000
Luque. p 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
fMagee ....1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 30 0 3 5 1 0 0 27 10 4
*Murphy batted for Williams in eighth.
Cincinnati. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E.
Rath. 2b 3111100031
Daubert. lb..2 0 0 0 0 2 0 11 0 0
Groh. 3b 3 1001O0120
Roush. cf 4 213OO1200
Duncan. If ....3 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0
Kopf, ss 3 011010040
Neale. rf 4 0 0 O O O O 1 O 0
Rariden. C....4 0 0 0 O O 0 10 O 0
Eller. ib 3 11200O020
JSmith 0 OOOOOOOOO
Totals ....34 1 7 8 3 0 0 27 16 4
*Batted for Fisher in fifth. tBatted for
Luque in ninth. JRan for Magee in ninth.
Chicago 1 0 1 0 20 0 0 0 — 4
Cincinnati ...0 0000100 0—1
Two base hits— J. Collins. Groh. Struck out
—Cicotte. 4; Fisher. 1; Luque. 5. Bases on
balls— Cicotte. 3. Double plays— Kopf-Daubert.
Hits— Sallee. 9 in 41-3 innings; Fisher, none
in 2-3 innings; Luque, 1 in 4 innings. Losing
pitcher— Sallee. Time. 1 :47. Umpire— Quigley
Totals ....29 547331 27 111
Cincinnati ...0 0 0 0 0 4 0 O 1—5
Chicago 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0—0
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
423
at plate: Nallin at first; Rigler at second:
Evans at third.
In Chicago, Oct. 9.
Chicago. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. P0. A. E.
Leibold, cf. .5 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 0
Collins, 2b. .5 1 3 4 0 0 1 4 1 0
Weaver. 3b. 5 123000150
Jackson. If. .5 2 2 6 0 0 0 1 0 0
Felsch, rf.. .4 0 00 0 0 0 2 0 (
Gandil. lb.. .4 1 1 3 0 0 0 9 0 0
Risberg, ss. .3 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 (
Schalk. c.... 4 011000621
Williams. p.OOOOOOOOOC
James, p 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (
Wilkinson. p.!00000002(
*Murphy — 0 000100000
Summary.
Total receipts $72241400
Winning team 117 157*68
Losing team 7810470
Players' share 260*34970
Each Cincinnati player's «share.... 5.20701
Each Chicago player's share 3,254.36
Attendance and Receipts in 1919.
Attendance. Receipts.
Oct. 1, in Cincinnati. .. 30,511 $98,778.00
Oct. 2, in Cincinnati. .. 29.690 9713600
Oct. 3, in Chicago 29,126 90.569.00
Oct. 4, in Chicago 34.363 9780700
Oct. 6, in Chicago 34.379 97,'839.00
Oct. 7. in Cincinnati. . 32,006 *101,768 00
Oct. 8, in Cincinnati. . 13.923 46 968 00
Oct. 9. in Chicago 32.930 91,549ioO
Totals ....38 5 10 18 2 0 1 27 15 1
*Murphy batted for Wilkinson in ninth.
Cincinnati. AB. R. BH.TB.BB.SH. SB. PO. A. E
Rath. 2b 4 122201220
Daubert. lb..4 22 1 1 0 8 0 C
Groh. 3b 6 222000110
Roush cf....5 2 3 5 0 0 0 3 0 1
Duncan. If. ..4 123010100
Kopf. ss 3 113200130
236.928 $722,414.00
Fielding— Ch icago .
Pos G PO A E Pet
Neale rf. 3011201400
Rariden. c... 5 022001701
Eller p 4 111000000
Williams P 3 1 2 0 1 000
Kerr p 2 1 4 0 1 000
Totals ....38 10 16 21 7 2 3 27 6 2
Cincinnati ..41001301 0—10
Chicago 001000040—5
Two base hits— Weaver. Jackson, Roush (2),
Duncan. Collins. Three base hits— Kopf. Wea-
ver. Gandil. Home run— Jackson. Struck out-
James. 2; Wilkinson, 2: Eller, 6. Bases on
balls— James. 3; Wilkinson. 4: Eller, 2. Hits
— Williams, 4 in 1-3 inning- ; James. 8 in 4 2-3
innings; Wilkinson, 4 in 4 innings. Hit by
pitcher— By James (Eller); by Wilkinson
(Roush). Umpires— Nallin at plate: Rigler at
first base: Evans at second base; Quigley at
third base.
Batting Averages.
Chicago. AB. H. 2B. 3B.HR.TB. Pet.
McMullin 210001 500
Lowdermilk . . P 10101 000
Lynn C 11001 000
Gandil IB 8 79 2 1 '987
E. Collins 2B 8 21 30 2 *963
Weaver 3B 8 9 18 0 1000
Risberg .... SS 8 23 30 4 9°9
J. Collins CF -RF 1500 1000
Leibold RF -CF 55201 000
Felsch CF -RF 8 23 1 2 *9°3
Jackson LF 8 16 1 0 I'OOO
Fielding— Cincinnati.
Pos. G.PO. A. E. Pet.
Sallee P 2 1 4 0 1 000
Jackson 3° 12 3 0 1 18 375
Weaver 34 11 4 1 0 17 321
Ring P 2130 1000
Schalk °3 7 0 0 0 7 .304
J Collins 16 1 1 0 0 5 250
Fisher P 2 0 6 1 857
Gandil 30 7 0 1 0 9 233
Wingo C 38301 000
E Collins 32 7 1 0 0 8 .219
Rariden C 5 25 3 1 965
Williams 510001 200
Daubert . IB 8 81 5 2 977
Felsch . . 27 5 1 0 0 6 .186
Rath 2B 8 22 17 2 *950
Kerr 610001 167
Groh 3B 8 8 18 2 9°8
Risberg .. 25 2 0 1 0 4 .080
Kopf SS. 8 10 29 1 966
Leibold ..18 1 0 0 0 1 .056
Duncan LF 8910 1000
Cicotte 800000 000
Uoush . . . CF 8 30 3 2 943
Murphy 200000 .000
Wilkinson 200000 .000
Team Fielding.
TC. PO. A. E. Pet.
Lowdermilk 000000 000
Mayer 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
James 200000 .000
Cincinnati. AB. H. 2B. 3B.HR.TB. Pet.
Ruether 6 4 1 2 0 9 .667
Chicago 340 213 115 12 .965
Cincinnati 324 216 96 12 963
Pitching— Chicago.
W. L. IP. AB. SO. BB.R.BH.
Cicotte 1 2 23 84 758 19
Wingo 740004 571
Fisher 210001 500
Magee 210001 .500
Neale 28 10 1 1 0 13 .357
Williams 0 3 17 66 4 8 11 12
Filer 721003 .286
Kerr 2 0 19 72 63 4 14
Daubert 29 70109 .241
Wilkinson 0 0 8 34 3 4 7 9
Lowdermilk 0 0170212
Kopf 27 60108 .222
James 0 0 6 23 2 3 3 8
Mayer 0 0150110
Roush 28 6 2 1 0 10 .214
Rariden 19 4 0 0 0 4 °11
Pitching— Cincinnati.
W. L. IP. AB. SO. BB.R.BH.
Ruether 1 0 15 56 1 4 4 12
Groh 29 52007 172
Ring 500000 .000
Sallee 400000 .000
Luque 100000 .000
Team Batting. AB. H. Pet
Fisher 0 1 8 29 2 2 3 7
Lnque 005 14 5001
Ring 1 1 14 57 4 6 2 7
Cincinnati 251 64 .255
Eller .. ...2 0 18 71 15 2 6 13
424
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
Attendance and Receipts by Years.
Championship Record.
Attend- Players'
1902— Ind'apolis.. .682
1911— Min'apolis.. .600
Year aiue. Receipts. pool.
1903— St. Paul... .657
1912— Mm'apolis.. .636
1905 (5 games).. 91,033 $08,405 327,391
1904— St. Paul... .646
1913— Milwaukee. .599
1906 (6 games).. 99.864 106.550 33,401
1905— Columbus. .658
1914— Milwaukee. .5S>0
1907 (5 games).. 78,068 101.728 54,933
1906 — Columbus. .616
1915— Min'apolis.. .597
1908 (5 games).. 62.232 94.975 46,173
1907— Columbus. .584
1916— Louisville.. .605
1909 (7 games) . .145,807 188,862 66,925
1908— Ind'apolis. .601
1917— Ind'apolis.. .588
1910 (5 games) . .124,222 179,980 79.072
1909— Louisville. .554
1918— Kan. City.. .595
1911 (6 games).. 179.851 342.364 127,910
1910— Min'apolis .637
1919— St. Paul... .610
1912 (8 games) . .252.237 490.833 147,572
1913 (5 games). .150.992 325.979 135,164
1914 (4 games). .111.009 225.739 121.899
1915 (5 games).. 143.351 320,361 144,899
1916 (5 games).. 162.359 385.590 162,927
1917 (6 games).. 185.691 425,878 152.888
1018 (6 lames) 128.483 179.619 69,527
Internatioi
Club. W. L. Pet.
Baltimore 100 49 .671
Toronto .. 93 57 .620
Buffalo .. 81 67 .547
Bing'ton . 76 71 .514
lal League.
Club. W. L. Pet.
Newark .. 71 80 .470
Rochester. 65 86 .430
Jer. City.. 56 93 .376
Reading .. 53 91 .368
1919 (8 games)'.. 236.928 722.414 260,349
Championship Record.
Record of World's Series.
1903 — Games won, Boston Americans, 5: Pitts-
1892— Providence. .616
Bing'ton 667
1893— Erie 606
1906— Buffalo 607
1907— Toronto 619
1908— Baltimore. .593
burgh Nationals, 3. Winning pitchers.
1894— Providence. .696
1909— Rochester. .596
Dineen, 3; Young. 2: Phillippi. 3
1905 — Games won. New York Nationals. 4;
Philadelphia Americans. 1. Winning
1895— Springfield. .687
1896— Providence. .602
1897— Syracuse... .632
1910— Rochester. .601
1911— Rochester. .645
1912— Toronto... .595
xntchers. Mathewson. 3: McGinmty. 1:
1898— Montreal... .586
1913 — Newark... .625
Bender. 1.
1906— Games won, Chicago Americans, 4; Chi-
1899— Rochester.. .626
1900— Providence. .623
1914— Providence .617
1915— Buffalo 632
cago Nationals. 2. Winning pitchers.
1901— Rochester.. .645
1916— Buffalo 586
Walsh. 2: White. 1: Altrock. 1: Brown.
1902— Toronto 669
1917— Toronto... .604
1: Reulbach. 1.
1907— Games won. Chicago Nationals. 4: De-
troit Americans. 0: draw. 1. Winning
1903— Jersey City. .736
1904— Buffalo 736
1905— Providence. .638
1918— Toronto... .682
1919— Baltimore.. .671
pitchers. Brown. 2: Reulbach. 1: Over-
all 1
Western League.
1908— Games won. Chicago Nationals. .4: De-
troit Americans. 1. Winning pitchers,
Club. W. L. Pet.
St. Joseph. 78 57 .578
Club. W. L. Pet.
Okla. City. 69 69 .500
Brown. 2: Overall. 1: Reulbach. 1.
Tulsa 77 63 .550
Sioux City. 68 70 .486
1909 Games won Pittsburgh Nationals. 4:
Wichita ...75 65 .536
Joplin 57 78 .422
Detroit Americans. 3. Winning pitchers.
Des Moines71 67 .514
Omaha ....56 80 .412
Adams. 3: Willis. 1: Mullin. 2: Dono-
Championship Record.
1910— Games' won. Philadelphia Americans. 4;
Chicago Nationals. 1. Winning pitchers.
Bender. 1: Coombs, 3: Cole. 1.
1911 — Games won. Philadelphia Americans, 4:
New York Nationals. 2. Winning pitch-
ers. Blank, 1; Coombs, 1; Bender, 2;
Year. Club. Pet.
1900— Denver 581
1901— Kan. City.. .648
1902— Kan. City.. .603
1903— Milwaukee. .659
1904— Omaha 600
1905— Des Moines .646
Ypar. Club. Pet.
1910— Sioux City .643
1911— Denver 671
1912— Denver 611
1913— Denver 628
1914— Sioux City .636
1915— Des Moines .621
Mathewson 1: Crandall. 1.
1906— Des Moines .606
1916— Omaha 617
1912 — Games won. Boston Americans. 4: New
1907— Omaha 571
1917— Hntchinson .571
York Nationals. 3: tied game. 1. Win-
1908— Sioux City .607
1918— Wichita 667
ning pitchers. Wood. 2: Bedient. 1: Col-
1909— Des Moines .612
1919— St. Joseph. .578
lins. 1: Marquard. 2: Tesreau. 1.
1913— Games won. Philadelphia Americans. 4:
New York Nationals. 1. Winning pitch-
ers. Bender. 2 : Bush. 1 : Plank, il ;
Southern
Club. W. L. P^t.
Atlanta ...85 53 .616
League.
Club. W. L. Pet.
Memphis ..66 73 .475
Mathewson. 1 .
Lit. Rock.. 74 56 .569
Chatt'ga ..65 73 .471
1914 — Games won. Boston Nationals. 4: Phila-
delphia Americans. 0. Winning pitchers.
N. Orleans. 74 61 .548
Mobile ....67 69 .493
Birm'ham 59 77 .434
Nashville ..55 83 .399
Rudolph. 2: Tyler. 1: James. 1.
Eastern League.
1915 — Games won. Boston Americans. 4: Phil-
Club. W. L. Pet.
Club. W. L Pet
adelphia Nationals. 1. Winning pitchers.
Alexander (Pa.). 1; Foster. 2; Leonard.
Pittsfield.. 64 44 .593
Worcester. 61 44 .581
Springfield 54 62 .509
Waterbury 46 59 .438
1; Shore. 1.
Providence 61 45 .575
NewHaven 47 62 .431
1916— Games won. Boston Americans. 4:
Bridgeport 59 47 .657
Hartford.. 34 73 .318
Brooklyn Nationals. 1. Winning pitch-
ers. Shore, 2; Ruth, 1; Coombs. 1:
South Ath
Club. W. L. Pet.
in tic League.
Club. W. L. Pet.
Leonard, 1.
1917 — Games won. Chicago Americans, 4; New
York Nationals. 2. Winning pitchers. Ci-
cotte, 1; Faber, 3; Benton, 1; Schupp. 1.
Columbia. 55 39 .585
Charlotte. 55 41 .573
Greenville 52 45 .536
Charleston 49 48 .505
Augusta... 45 52 .464
Spartanb'g 33 64 .344
1918-j»-Games won. Boston Americans. 4: Chica-
go Nationals. 2. Winning pitchers. Ruth.
2 : Mays. 2 : Vaughn. 1 : Tyler. 1.
7. 7. 7.
Club. W. L. Pet.
Bloom'ton. 80 41 .662
League.
Club. W. L. Pet.
Rockford.. 63 60 .512
1919 — Games won. Cincinnati Nationals. 5:
Peoria.... 68 54 .557
Ter. Haute 50 70 .417
Chicago Americans. 3. Winning pitch-
Evansville 63 68 .521
Moline 40 81 .331
ers. Ruether. 1: Sallee. 1: Ring, 1; El-
Virginia J.ennue.
ler, 2; Kerr, 2; Cicotte, 1.
Club. W. L. Pet.
Club. W. L. Pet
RESULTS OF OTHER LEAGUES.
Richmond. 40 19 .678
Petersburg- 27 31 .466
A.7n-€riccm Association.,
Norfolk... 33 27 .550
New. News 24 36 .400
Club. W. L. Pet. Club. W. L. Pet.
Portsm'th. 31 27 .534
Suffolk.... 22 37 .373
St. Paul.... 94 60 .610 Min'apolis .72 82 .468
Western Canada League.
Kan. City.. 86 65 .570 Columbus .70 84 .455
Club. W. L. Pet.
Club. W. L. Pet.
Louisville .86 67 .562 Toledo ....59 91 .393
Saskatoon 36 17 .679
Winnioeer. 21 33 .389
Ind'apolis .85 68 .556 Milwaukee 68 93 .384 Regina.... 29 23 .558 Moose" Jaw 19 32 .373
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
425
Texas League.
(Season as a whol
Club. W. L. Pet. Club.
Ft. Worth 94 60 .610 Dallas..
Bhreveport 82 63 .566 S. Anto
Houston.. 89 71 .557 Galvest
Beaumont 78 71 .523 Waco...
Michigan won the conference
pionship in 1919 without losin
ing the season with a percei
Illinois was second. Iowa
fourth. Ohio fifth Indiana si
Michigan Op. Mich.
April 19 Case ... 0 10
Pa
W. L. Pet. Club. W.
... 73 74 .497 Vernon. ..Ill
nio 65 88 .425 Los Angr.108
3n. 63 88 .417 Salt Lake 88
... 59 88 .401 Sacram'to 85 (
COLLEGE BASEBALL,
baseball cham- seventh and Pi
g a game, end- had perhaps tl
itage of 1.000 the scores of
third, Chicago games in 1919
xth. Wisconsin
Wisconsin. Op. Wis.
April 19— Notre Dame 4 3
April 2 6 — Chicago .... 4 0
May 3— Indiana .... 6 1
May 5 — Indiana .... 3' 4
May 16— Illinois 9 4
May 17— Illinois 11 4
May 23— Illinois 8 3
May 31— Chicago .... 4 3
Purdue. Op. Pur.
April 23 — Iowa . . 7 6
ciflc Coast League.
L. Pet. Club. W. L. Pet.
?0 .613 Oakland.. 86 96 .473
72 .600 S.Fran'co 84 94 .472
33 .515 Portland. 78 96 .448
33 .506 Seattle... 62108 .366
irdue eighth. In the east Yale
le best record. Following are
some of the important college
Princeton. Op.Prin.
May 21— Dartmouth ..3 4
May 24— Harvard .... 5 4
May 31— Yale 0 1
April 26— Indiana ... 0 6
May 2 — Chicago ... 3 7
May 17— Chicago ... 3 4
May 19 — Iowa 1 8
June 7 — Pennsylvania 1 3
June 11— Harvard .... 8 0
June 3 4 — Yale 5 3
May 24 — Iowa 1 11
May 26— Purdue .... 0 10
May 28 — Notre Dame 3 2
May 31— Illinois 0 7
June 3 Ohio . . 0 5
June 21 — Yale . . 6 1
Pennsylvania. Op. Pa,
April 19— Holy Cross. 4 2
May 11— Princeton ..4 2
May 14— Haverford . 2 19
May 20— Dartmouth.. 4 2
May 21— Columbia ..1 6
May 27— Delaware ... 8 3
May 30— Lehigh 7 6
May 31— Cornell 0 5
June 7— Princeton ..3 l
June 14 — Cornell 6 2
June 21— Cornell 5 3
Cornell. Op. Cor.
April 19— Lafayette . . 3 2
May 3— Princeton ..6 3
June 6— Brown 4 l
June 7— Illinois 0 4
Illinois. Op. Dl.
April 12— St. Viator.. 0 11
April 19— Milliken ... 0 6
April 26— Iowa 4 3
May 2— Notre Dame 3 5
May 3— Notre Dame 5 9
May 7— Chicago .... 2 3
May 10 Iowa 2 4
May 3— Ohio 7 0
May 10— Chicago .... 7 6
May 13— Illinois 3 1
May 24— Notre Dame.13 1
May 26— Michigan ..10 0
May 29— Chicago .,..19 5
June 5— Illinois 16 2
Notre Dame. Op. N. D.
April 19— Wisconsin ..3 4
April 25— Indiana .... 5 6
April 30— Mich. Ags . 2 1
May 2— Illinois .... 5 3
May 3— Illinois 9 5
May 5— Wabash .... 0 13
May 10— Indiana .... 1 2
May 17 — Iowa 3 4
May 13— Purdue .... 1 3
May 16— Wisconsin . 4 9
May 17— Wisconsin . 4 11
May 23— Wisconsin ..3 8
May 24— Chicago ... 7 2
May 30— Michigan ..7 0
June 5 — Purdue 2 16
June 7— Michigan ... 4 0
Iowa. Op. Iowa.
April 5— Coe 2 5
April 18— Chicago ... 5 6
April 21— Coe 2 6
June 7— Yale l 3
June 14— Pennsylvania 2 6
June 21— Pennsylvania 3 5
Brown. 0p. Br.
May 3— Yale . 1 o
May 23— Iowa 0 8
May 24— Purdue 1 13
May 27— Mich. Ags. . 3 12
May 28— Michigan ..2 3
Yale. €p. Yale.
April 9— Springfield . 0 2
April 12— Fordham . . 7 8
April 19— J. Hopkins. 5 9
April 30 Tufts 6 2
May 14— Yale .
May 24— Columbia ..2 3
Mav ^1 Pnlhtr A
April 25— Purdue ... 6 7
April 26— Illinois .... 3 4
May 9— Illinois ... 4 2
May 17— Notre Dame 4 3
May 19— Michigan ..8 1
Day 23— Notre Dame 8 0
May 24— Michigan ...11 1
May 30— Indiana 3 7
May 31— Indiana .... 3 5
Chicago. Op. Chi.
April 18— Iowa 6 5
April 26— Wisconsin ..0 4
April 30— Lake Forest 0 10
May 2— Michigan ... 7 3
May 7— Illinois 3 2
May 10— Purdue 6 7
May 17— Michigan ..4 3
May 24 — Illinois .... 2 7
May 29— Purdue 5 19
May 31— Wisconsin ..3 4
Ohio. Op. Ohio.
April 19— W. Virgnia. 3 2
May 3— Purdue 0 7
May 16— Indiana 2 1
May 23— Indiana .... 0 2
June 3— Michigan ..5 0
Indiana. Op. Ind.
April 25 — Notre Dame 6 5
April 26— Michigan ..6 0
May 2— Wisconsin ..1 6
May 5— Wisconsin ..4 3
May 16— Ohio 1
June 6— Cornell 1 4
June 7— Syracuse ... 4 H
Army. Op.Army.
April 5— Boston col.. 1 3
April 9— Manhattan 1 6
April 12— Lafayette . 1
April 19-Tufts .... .12 1
April 23— Lehigh ... 2 12
April 30— Union 7 13
May 3 — Villa Nova. 1 2
May 30— Holy Cross.. 1 11
May 31 — Navy . 10 6
May 3— Brown 2 1
May 14 Brown ... 5 1
May 30— Fordham ... 4 3
May 31— Princeton ..1 0
June 7— Cornell 2 1
June 14— Princeton ..3 5
june is— Harvard .... 8 10
June 21— Princeton ... 1 6
Harvard. Op. Ear.
April 9— Bowdoin ... 3 4
April 12— Bates 9 7
April 23— Colby ..0 6
Navy. Op. Navy.
April 9-St. Mary's.. 2 4
April 12— Dickinson . 0 16
April 19— Maryland ..5 2
April 23— Fordham . . 6 9
Anril 30— N. Carolina 3 5
May 3— Va.Mil.Inst. 0 4
May 14— Johns H'pk's 9 33
May 24— XJuantico Mr. 6
May 31 — Army . 6 10
May 3— Pennsylv'ia.. 6 2
May 10— Dartmouth.. 9 0
May 14— Williams 4 11
May 19 — Princeton.... 4 3
May 21— Amherst 0 5
May 24— Princeton.... 4 5
June 7 — Holy Cross. . 2 0
June 11 — Princeton.... 0 8
June 14— Princeton.... 3 5
June 17 — Yale 2 1
Holy Cross. Op. H. C.
April 19— Penn 2 4
April 22— Columbia ..6 12
April 23— Princeton ..2 5
May 20— Army . ,.1 H
June 18 Yale 10 8
Princeton. Op.Prin.
April 12— Swarthmore 0 6
April 25 — Holy Cross 5 2
Anril 30— Lafayette 1 5
May 3— Cornell .... 3 6
May 14— Fordham . 7 1
Mav IP — TTa.rva.rrt <l A.
May 31— Williams ... 4 9
June 6 — Syracuse ... 2 4
June 7— Harvard ... 0 2
Fordham. Op.Ford.
April 1° Yale 8 7
May 23— Ohio 2 0
April 19— Lehigh .... 2 9
April 23— Navy 9 6
ATM-I! Oft T<a*V>nl{,n T7 A. 1R
May 30 — Iowa 7 3
May 31— Iowa 5 3
426
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
May 14— Princeton
May 24— Rutgers ..
Mav 30— Yale
Op. Ford.
. 1 7
.. 1 9
..3 4
Dartmouth. Op.Dart.
May 10— Harvard ... 0 9
May 20 — Pennsylvania 2 4
May 21— Princeton ..4 3
May 24— Penn
May 31— Wesleyan .
June 7— Tufts
Op.Dart.
4 6
8 7
. 3 12
LONGEST GAMES IN BIG LEAGUES
American League.
Twenty-Four Innings.
Sept. 1, 1906— Philadelphia. 4; Boston. 1.
Twenty Innings.
July 4, 1905— Philadelphia. 4; Boston. 2.
Nineteen Innings.
Sept 27. 1912— Washington, 5: Philadelphia. 4.
June 24. 1915— Chicago. 4: Cleveland. 3.
Eighteen Innings.
June 25. 1903— Chicago. 6: New York. 6.
July 19, 1909— Detroit. 0: Washington, 0.
May 15. 1918— Washington. 1: Chicago. 0.
Seventeen Innings.
Aug 9. 1900— Milwaukee, 3; Chicago. 2.
Sept. 21. 1901— Chicago. 1: Boston. 0.
May 18, 1902— Chicago. 2: St. Louis. 2.
July 9. 1902— Philadelphia. 4: Boston. 2.
Sept 30 1907— Detroit. 9: Philadelphia, 9.
May' 13. 1909— Chicago. 1: Washington. 1.
May 25. 1912— Chicago. 5: Detroit. 4.
May 21. 1915— Chicago. 3; Boston. 2.
July 14. 1916— Boston. 5: Chicago. 4.
July 10. 1917— New York. 7; St. Louis. 5.
National League.
Twenty-Two Innings.
Aug. 22. 1917— Brooklyn. 6: Pittsburgh. 5.
Twenty-One Innings.
July 17 1914— New York, 3: Pittsburgh, 1.
July 17. 1918— Chicago. 2: Philadelphia. 1.
Aug. 1. 1918— Pittsburgh. 2; Boston. 0.
Twenty Innings.
June 30. 1 892— Chicago. 7: Cincinnati. 7.
Aug. 24. 1901— Chicago. 2: Philadelphia, 1.
April 30, 1919— Philadelphia, 9: Brooklyn. 9.
Nineteen Innings.
June 22. 1902— Chicago. 3: Pittsburgh. 2.
July 31. 1912— Pittsburgh. 7: Boston, 6.
June 17. 1915— Chicago. 4: Brooklyn. 3.
June 13. 1918— Philadelphia, 8; St. Louis. 8.
Eighteen Innings.
Aug. 17. 1 882— Providence, 1: Detroit. 0.
Aug 17. 1902— Brooklyn, 7: St. Louis. 7.
June 24. 1905— Chicago. 2; St. Louis. 1.
June 28. 1916— Pittsburgh. 3: Chicago. 2.
June 1. 1919— Philadelphia. 10; Brooklyn. 9.
Seventeen Innings.
June 26, 1893— Cincinnati. 5: New York. 5.
Aug 11 1904— St. Louis. 4; Brooklyn, 3.
Sept. 18. 1904— Chicago. 2: Cincinnati. 1.
June 4. 1908— Chicago. 1: Boston. 1.
Au?. 22. 1908— Pittsburgh. 1; Brooklyn. 0.
~ it 2 1908— Philadelphia. 3: Brooklyn. 2.
1909— New York. 3: Boston. 3.
ay 28. 1913— Chicago. 8: St. Louis. 7.
In Other Leagues.
May 31. 1901— Three-I league: Decatur. 2:
Bloomington, 1, twenty-six inning's.
Sept 10. 1911— Pacific Coast league: Port-
land, 1; Sacramento, 1. twenty- four innings.
RECORD OF NO-HIT GAMES.
1879— "Richmond (Worcester) vs. Cleveland.
1880— Corcoran (Chicago) vs. Boston.
Galvin (Buffalo) vs. Worcester.
1882 — Corcoran (Chicago) vs. Worcester.
1883— Radbourne (Providence) vs. Cleveland.
Daly (Cleveland) vs. Philadelphia.
1884 — Corcoran (Chicago) vs. Providence.
Galvin (Buffalo) vs. Detroit.
1885 — Clarkson (Chicago) vs. Providence.
Ferguson (Philadelphia) vs. Providence.
1887 — S»wnrd (FhilpdflnVpn) vs. Brooklyn.
\7-VMner (Philadelphia) vs. Baltimore.
1891— T,ovett (Brooklyn) vs. N^w York.
"Rnsie (New York) vs. Brooklyn.
1892— Stivetts (Boston) vs. Brooklyn.
1893— Hawke (Baltimore) vs. Washington.
1897 — Young (Cleveland) vs. Cincinnati.
1898— Hughes (Baltimore) vs. Boston.
Breitenstein (Cincinnati) vs. Pittsburgh.
Donahue (Philadelphia) vs. Boston.
1899— Phillippi (Louisville) vs. Washington.
Willis (Boston) vs. New York.
1900— Hahn (Cincinnati) vs. Philadelphia.
1901— Mathewson (New York) vs. St. Louis.
1902— Callahan (Chicago) vs. Detroit.
1903— Fraser (Philadelphia) vs. Chicago.
1904— Young (Boston) vs. Philadelphia.
Tannehill (Boston) vs. Chicago.
1905 — Mathewson (New York) vs. Chicago.
Henley (Philadelphia) vs. St. Louis.
Smith (Chicago) vs. Detroit.
Dineen (Boston) vs. Chicago.
1906— Eason (Brooklyn) vs. St. Louis.
Lush (Philadelphia) vs. Brooklyn.
1907— Pfeffer (Boston) vs. Cincinnati.
Maddox (Pittsburgh) vs. Brooklyn.
1908— Young (Boston) vs. New York.
Wiltse (N"w York) vs. Philadelphia.
Rucker (Brooklyn) vs. Boston.
Rhoades (Cleveland) vs. Boston.
Smith (Chicago) vs. Philadelphia.
Joss (Cleveland) vs. Chicago.
1910— Joss (Cleveland) vs. Chicago.
Bender (Philadelphia) vs. Cleveland.
1911— Wood (Boston) vs. St. Louis.
Walsh (Chicago) vs. Boston.
1912— Mullin (Detroit) vs. St. Louis.
Hamilton (St. Louis) vs. Detroit.
Tesreau (New York) vs. Philadelphia.
1914— Scott (Chicago) vs. Washington.
Benz (Chicago) vs. Cleveland.
Davis (Boston) vs. Philadelphia.
1915 — Marquard (New York) vs. Brooklyn.
Lavender (Chicago) vs. New York.
1916— Foster (Boston) vs. New York.
Hughes (Boston) vs. Pittsr-urgh.
Leonard (Boston) vs. St. Louis.
Bush (Philadelphia) vs. Cleveland.
1917— Toney (Cincinnati) vs. Chicago.
Cicotte (Chicago) vs. St. Louis.
Koob (St. Louis) vs. Chicago.
Leonard (Boston) vs. New York.
Groom (St. Louis) vs. Chicago.
Ruth (Boston) vs. Washington.
1918—Leonard (Boston) vs. Detroit.
1919— Eller (Cincinnati) vs. St. Louis.
SALES OF BASEBALL CLUBS.
The Boston National league baseball club
was sold by James E. Gaffney and Robert Da-
vis Jan. 8, 1915, to Percy D. Haughton and
Arthur C. Wise for $500.000.
The Chicago National league baseball club
(Cubs) was sold by Chprlrs P. Taft of Cin-
cinnati Jan. 5. 1916. to Charles H. Weephman
and partners of Chicago for $500,000 for 90
per cent of the stock.
The St. Louis American league baseball club
(Browns) was sold by Robert
ue
Hedge?, Jan.
4. 1916. to Phil Ball. James W. Garneau and
Otto Stifel for
BASEBALL THROWING RECORD.
The world's record for the long distance
throwing of a baseball was broken at Cin-
cinnati. O.. Oct. 10. 1910. when Sheldon Le-
j?une of the Evansville (Ind.) club. Central
league, threw the snhere 426 feet 6% inches.
The old record, made in Brooklyn. N. Y.. Oct.
15. 1872. by John Hatfield, was 400 feet 7%
inches.
HIGH PRICES PAID FOR BASEBALL
PLAYERS.
1919— Arthur Nehf. New York $40.000
1915— E. Collins. Chicago 50.000
1914— Evers. Boston 25.000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
427
1913— Chappell. White Sox 18.000
1911— Marty O'Toole. Pittsburgh 22.500
1910— "Lefty" Russell. Athletics 12.000
1910— Fred Hunter. Pittsburgh 10.000
1910— "Lena" Blackburne, White Sox. 10.000
1908— Rube Marquard. New York 11,000
1906— Spike Shannon. New York 10.000
lggg_Clarkson and Kelly. Boston 20,000
CONSECUTIVE HIT RECORD.
Joe Wilhoit. outfielder of the Wichita. (Kas.)
Western Leagrue team in 1919 hit safely in
sixty-nine consecutive games. Jack Ness, first
baseman of the Oakland (Cal.) team in 1015
hit safely in forty-nine consecutive games. The
former record was held by Ty Cobb, who hit
safely in forty consecutive games.
RECORD FOR CONSECUTIVE VICTORIES.
The mark of twenty consecutive victories set
by the Providence club of the National
league in 1884 was beaten by the New York
National league team in 1916, when it scored
twenty-six straight victories.
HOME RUN RECORD.
George (Babe) Ruth, pitcher in the Boston
American league baseball team, set a new rec-
ord in home run hits in the course of the sea-
son of 1919. He registered thirty, or three
more than were made by Ed Williamson of
the Chicago National league team in 1884 and
five more than were made by John (Buck)
Freeman in 1899 while a member of the old
Washington (D. C.) National league team. The
record now stands:
1919— Babe Ruth. Boston Americans 30
1884— Ed Williamson. Chicago Nationals.... 27
1899— Buck Freeman, Washington Nationals. 25
Consecutive Home Huns.
Babe Ruth in six successive times at bat.
four in an exhibition game with the Baltimore
Internationals on April 18 and two with the
same club on the following day at Baltimore
Md.. scored home runs, breaking1 the world's
record.
PLAYS IN 533 CONSECUTIVE GAMES
Fred Luderus. first baseman of the Philadel-
phia National league team had up to the end
of the 1919 season played in 533 consecutive
games of baseball. The former record of 478
games, held by Eddie Collins of the Chicago
White Sox in 1914 to 1918 inclusive, was
passed by Luderus on Aug. 3 when Luderus
played his 479th straight game and received
the congratulations of John Heydler. president
of the National league, on his record.
GOLF.
NATIONAL OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP.
Walter C. Hagen. professional, of the Oak-
land Hills club. Detroit, Mich... won the open
soli championship of the United States in the
annual tournament at the Brae Burn Coun-
try club, at West Newton. Mass.. June 10-12.
1919. In the regular seventy-two holes of
the play he tied with Michael J. Brady of the
Oakley Country club, Waverly, Mass.. each
having 301. In the play-off. Hagen won by
77 to 78. Charles Evans. Jr.. of the Edge-
water club. Chicago, led the amateurs with a
score of 313. Winners of the event to date:
1894— Willie Dnnn (New York). St. Andrew's
links, won bv 2 up.
1895— H. Rawlins (Newport), Newport links, 173.
1896— James Foulis (Chicago), Shinnecock Hills,
1897— Joe Floyd (Essex), Wheaton links, 162.
1898— Fred Herd (Washington Park). Myopia
links. 328.
1899— W. Smith (Midlothian), Baltimore links,
315.
1900— H. Vardon (Ganton, England), Wheaton
links. 313.
1901— Willie Anderson (Pittsfield, Mass.), Myopia
1902— Lawrence Auchterlonie (Glen View). Garden
City links. 307.
1903— Willie Anderson (Apawamis), Baltusrol
1904— Willie" Anderson (Apawamis), Glen View,
1905^-Willie Anderson (Apawamis), Myopia linkf,
1906— Alexander Smith (Nassau), ©nwentsia links.
1907— Alec Ross (Brae Burn). Philadelphia Cricket
1908— Fred ' McLeod (Midlothian), Myopia Hunt
club 322.
1909— Georee Sargent (Hyde Manor). Englewood
1910-f-Alexander Smith (Wykagyl). Philadelphia
1911— J. J. McDermott (Atlantic City). Chicago
19?2^J.ClJ. 'McDermott (Atlantic City), Buffalo
Country club. 294.
1913— Francis Ouimet (Woodland). Brookline Ooun-
1914^WaUe?°C. Hagen (Rochester, N. Y.). Mid-
, N. J.), Bal-
tusrol Country club, 297.
1916— Charles Evnns, Jr. (Edgewater), Mimkahda,
Minneapolis. Minn., 286.
1918— Tournament omitted on account of war.
1919— Walter C. Hagen (Oakland Hills), Brae
Burn Country club, West Newton, Mass., 301.
WESTERN OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP.
Winners of western open golf championship to
1899— Will Smith (Midlothian). Glen View.
1900— No championship meet held.
1901— Lawrence Auchterlonie (Glen View), Mid-
lothian, 160.
1902— Willie Anderson (Pittsfield), Euclid 299
1903— Alexander Smith (Nassau), Milwaukee. 318
(72 holes).
1904— Willie Anderson (Apawamis), Kent Country
(Grand Rapids, Mich.), 304.
1905— Arthur Smith (Columbus.O.), Cincinnati, 278.
1907— Robert Simpson (Omaha), Hinsdale, 111., 307.
1908 — Willie Anderson (Onwentsia), St. Louis, 299
1909— Willie Anderson (St. Louis), Chicago, 288.
1910— Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Chicago,
151 (36 holes).
1911 — Robert Simpson (Kenosha), Grand Rapids,
146 (36 holes).
1912— MacDonald Smith (Del Monte, Cal.), Idle-
wild, Chicago, 299.
1913— John J. McDermott (Atlantic City), Mem-
phis, 295.
1914— James M. Barnes (Philadelphia), Intef-
lachen, Minneapolis, 293.
1915 — Thomas L. McNamara (Boston), Glen Oak,
Chicago. 304.
1916— Walter Hagen (Rochester, N. Y.), Blue
Mound, Milwaukee. 287.
1917— James M. Barnes (Philadelphia), West-
moreland, Chicago, 283.
1918 — No tournament on account of war.
1919— James M. Barnes (St. Louis). Mayfield,
Cleveland, O., 283.
AMERICAN AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP.
The annual tournament to decide the amateur
golf championship of America took place on
the links of the Oakmont Country club at
Pittsburgh. Pa., Aug. 16-25. 1919. The title
was won by Davidson Herron of Pittsburgh,
who defeated Bobby Jones of Atlanta, Ga..
5 and 4, in the final round. Record of events
to date:
1894— At Newport. R. I.— W. G. Lawrence. New-
port, medal play, 188.
1895— At Newport Golf clnb— 0. B. Macdonald.
Chicago Golf club. won.
1896— At Shinnecock Hills Golf club— H. J. Whiff-
428
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
ham. Onwentsia,^ won. Low score in qualify-
ing round. H. J Whigham. 163.
1897— At Chicago Golf club— H. J. Whigham. On-
wentsia. won. Low score in qualifying round.
H. J. Whigham. 177.
1898— At Morris County. N. J.— F. S. Douglas.
Fairfield. won. Low score in qualifying round.
J. H. Choate. Jr.. Stockbridge. 175.
1899— At Onwentsia— H. M. Harriman, Meadow-
brook, won. Low score in qualifying round.
C. B. Macdonald. Chicago. 168.
1900— At Garden City— W. J. Travis. Garden City,
•won. Low score in qualifying round. W. J.
Travis. 166.
1901— At Atlantic City— W. J. Travis won. Low
score in qualifying round. W. J. Travis. 157.
1902— At Glen View. 111.— L. N. James. Glen
View, won. Low score in qualifying round,
G. A. Ormiston. Pittsburgh, and W. J. Travis
tied at 79. the latter winning the playoff.
1903— At Nassau. L. I.— W. J. Travis. Garden
City. won. All match play.
1904— At Short Hills. N. J.— H. Chandler Egan.
Exmoor Country club. won. Low score in
qualifying round. H. C. Egan. 242 for 54 holes.
1905— At Wheaton. 111. — H. Chandler Egan. Ex-
moor, won. Low score in qualifying round.
Dr. D. P. Fredericks. 155 for 36 holes.
1906— At Englewood. N. J.— Eben M. Byers of
Pittsburgh won. Low score in qualifying round,
W. J. Travis. 152 for 36 holes.
1907— At Cleveland. O.— Jerome D. Travers of
Montclair, N. J., won. Low score in qualify-
ing round. W. J. Travis. 146 for 36 holes.
1908— At Garden City. N. Y.— Jerome D. Travers
of Montclair. N. J., won. Low score in qual-
ifying round. Walter J. Travis. 153 for 36 holes.
1909— At Chicago Golf club— Robert A. Gardner.
Hinsdale. won. Low score in qualifying round.
Charles Evans. Jr.. Thomas M. Sherman and
Robert A. Gardner tied with 151 for 36 holes.
Evans won the playoff.
1910— At Brookline. Mass.— W. C. Fownes. Pitts-
burgh, won. Low score in qualifying round.
Fred Herreshoff. Ekwanok. 152 for 36 holes.
1911— At Rye. N. Y.— Harold H. Hilton. England,
won. Low score in qualifying round. Harold
H. Hilton. 150 for 36 holes.
1912 — At Chicago Golf club — Jerome D. Travers
of Montclair, N. J.. won. Low score In qual-
ifying round. Harold Hilton and Charles Evans.
Jr., 152; in playoff, eighteen holes, Evans won,
72 to 75.
1913— At Garden City. N. Y.— Jerome D. Travers
of Montclair, N. J.. won. Low score in qual-
ifying round. Charles Evans. Jr.. 148 for 36
« holes.
1914— At Manchester. Vt.— Francis Ouimet of Bos-
ton won. Low score in qualifying round. Rae
G. Gorton and W. C. Fownes. 144 for 36 holes.
191S— At Detroit, Mich.— Robert A. Gardner of
Chicago won. Low score in qualifying round,
Dudley Mudge of St. Paul, 152 for 36 holos.
1916— At Merion Cricket club, Philadelphia, Pa.—
Charles Evans, Jr., Chicago, won. Low score
In qualifying round. W. C. Fownes, Jr., of
Pittsburgh. 153 for 36 holes.
1917— No contest on account of war.
1918 — No contest on account of war.
1919— At Oakmont Country club, Pittsburgh-
Davidson Herron of Pittsburgh won. Low
score in qualifying round. J. S. Manion, St.
Louis, D. Herron, Pittsburgh and P. Tewkes-
bury, Aronimink, tied with 158.
WESTERN AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP.
The annual western g-olf championship tour-
nament was held on the links of the Sunset
Hill club at St. Louis. Mo.. June 16-21. 1919.
and was won by Harry G. Leg-gr of the Mini-
kahda (Minneapolis) club. In the deciding-
round he defeated Richard E. Bockenkamp of
the Forest Park club, St. Louis, 2 up. Cham-
pionship record to date:
18S9— David R. Forgan (Onwentsia). Glen View,
1900— William Waller (OnwentBla), Lake Forest.
1 up.
Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Flossmoor
1901— Phelps B. Hoyt (Glen View), Midlothian,
6 up.
1902— H. C. Egan (Exmoor), Wheaton, 1 up.
1903— Walter E. Egan (Exmoor), Cleveland, 1 up.
1904— H. C. Egan (Exinoor), Highland Park, 6
up, 5 to play.
1905— H. C. Egan (Exmoor), Glen View. 3 up, 2
to play.
1906— D. E. Sawyer (Wheaton). Glen Echo, 5 up,
4 to play.
1907— H. C. Egan (Exmoor), Wheaton, 5 up, 4 to
play.
1908— Mason Phelps (Midlothian), Rock Island, 6
up, 6 to play.
1909— Charles Ev
1910-^Mason Phelps (Midlothian), Minikahda. 2
up, 1 to play.
1911— Albert Seckel (Riverside), Detroit, 8 up, 7
to play.
1912— Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Denver, 1
1913 — Warren K. Wood (Homewood), Homewood,
4 up, 3 to play.
1914— Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Grand
Rapids, 11 up, 9 to play.
1915— Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Cleveland,
O., 7 up, 5 to play.
1916— Heinrich Schmidt (Claremont, Oakland,
Cal.), Del Monte, Cal.. 7 up. 6 to play.
1917— Francis Ouimet (Woodland), Midlothian, 1
1918— No contest on account of war.
1919— Harry G. Legg (Minikahda), Sunset Hill,
St. Louis, 2 up.
WOMEN'S NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.
Miss Alexa Stirling1 of Atlanta. Ga.. was the
winner of the 1919 contest for the title of
woman grolf champion of America. The an-
nual tournament after an intermission of two
years on account of the war was held on the
links of the Shawnee Country club, at Shaw-
nee-on-the-Delaware. Pa., Sept. 29-Oct. 4. Miss
Stirling's opponent in the final was Mrs. Wil-
liam Gavin of New York. N. Y.. whom she
defeated 6 and 5. Championship record to
date:
1895— Beatrix Hoyt. on Meadowbrook Country
club links.
1S96— Beatrix Hoyt, Morris Country club, 2 up.
1 to nlay.
1897— Beatrix Hoyt, Essex Country club, 5 up,
4 to play.
1898— Beatrix Hoyt. Ardsley club. 5 up. 3 to play.
1899— Ruth Unuerliill. Philadelphia Country club,
2 UP. 1 to play.
1900— Frances Griscom, Shinnecock Hills, 6 up,
4 to olay.
1S01— Genevieve Hecker. Baltusrol Golf club. S
up, 3 to play.
1902— Genevieve Hecker. Brookline. 4 up 3 to
Play.
1903— Bessie Anthony, Chicago Golf club, 7 up, €
to play.
1904— Georgeanna Bishop, Philadelphia, 5 up, 3
to play.
1905— Pauline Mackay. Oakley Country club. 1 up.
1906— Harriet S. Curtis, Brae Burn Country club,
2 up, 1 to play.
1907— Margaret Curtis. Midlothian. 7 up. € to
olay.
1908— Catherine O. Harley, Fall River, 6 up, 6
to play.
1909— Dorothy Campbell (North Berwick. Scot-
land). Merion Cricket club. 3 up. 1 to play.
1910— Dorothy Campbell (Hamilton. Ont.). Home-
wood Country club. 2 up. 1 to play.
1911 — Margaret Curtis (Boston). Baltusrol Golf
club. 5 UD. 3 to play.
1912— Margaret Curtis (Boston), Essex Country
club, S up, 2 to play.
1913— Gladys Ravenscroft (Bromborough dob. Eng-
land). Wilmington (Del.) Country club, 2 up.
1914— Mrs. H. Arnold Jackson. Nassau Country
club. 1 un.
1915— Mre. C. H. Vanderbeck (Philadelphia). On-
wentsia club. 3 up, 2 to play.
ALMANAC AND TIZAIl-EOOK FOR 10r!0.
1916— Miss Alexa Stirling (Atlanta, Ga.), Belmont
Springs Country club, 2 tip, 1 to play.
1917-1918 — No contest on account of wnr.
1919— Miss Alexa Stirling (Atlanta, Ga.), Shaw-
nee Country club, 6 up, 5 to play.
WOMEN'S WESTERN CHAMPIONSHIP.
Mrs. Perry Fisk of De KMb. 111., won the
nineteenth annual championship of the Wom-
en's Western Golf association on the links of
the Detroit Country club at Detroit, Mich.,
Aug. 25-30. 1919. by defeating- Mrs. F. C.
Letts. Jr.. of Indian Hill 3 and 2. Winners
of event:
1901— Miss Bessie Anthony (Glen View). Onwent-
sia, 3 up. 1 to play.
1302— Miss Bessie Anthony (Glen View), Onwent-
sia, 1 up.
1903— Miss Bessie Anthony (Glen View), Exmoor,
3 up, 2 to play.
1904— Miss Frances Everett (Exmoor), Glen View,
1905— Mrs. Charles L. Bering (Midlothian), Home-
woofl. 4 up. 2 to play.
1306— Mrs. Charles L. Dering (Midlothian), Ex-
IWl— Ni'iss Lillian French (Windsor), Midlothian.
1908-^-Mrs. W. Frances Anderson (Hinsdale), St.
Louis Country club, 3 up, 2 to play.
1909— Miss Vida Llewellyn (LaGrange), Home-
wood, 6 up, 5 to play.
1910— Mrs. Tlmrston Harris (Westward Ho), Sko-
1911— Miss Caroline Painter (Midlothian), Midlo-
thian. 3 up. 2 to play.
1912— Miss Caroline Painter (Midlothian), Hins-
19lSilissUMyra Helmer (Midlothian), Memphis,
1914-^Mrs. Harry 'D. Hammond (Highland, In-
dianapolis). Hinsdale. 5 up, 3 to play.
1915-Miss Elaine Rosenthal (Ravisloe), Midlo-
thian, 4 up. 3 to play.
1916-Mrs. Frank C. Letts (Cincinnati) Kent
Country club, Grand Rapids, Mich., 4 up,
1917— Mrs^'Frank C. Letts (Indian Hill, Chi-
cago), Flossmoor, 5 up, 4 to play.
1918— Miss Elair.e Rosenthal (Ravisloe, Chicago).
1919-Mrl t Perry 'Fiek. De Kalb, 111., 3~up-and
2 to play.
PROFESSIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.
James Barnes of the Sunset Hill Country club
of St Louis. Mo., won the championship of
the Professional Golfers' association on the
links of the Engineers' Country club at Roslyn.
NY Sept. 20, 1919. by defeating: Fred Mc-
Leod in the final round 6 up and 5 to play.
NORTH AND SOUTH CHAMPIONSHIPS
James M. Barnes of the Sunset Hill club
of St. Louis. Mo., won the North and South
professional championship at Pinehurst, N C..
March 29. leading- the field by a margin of two
etrokes and finishing with a total of 298 for
the 72 holes. Michael J. Brady of the Oakley-
Country club, Boston, Mass.. was second with
a total of 300.
Edward C. Beall of Uniontown, Pa., won the
North and South amateur golf championship
at Pinehurst. N. C.. April 5 by defeating F. C.
Newton of Brookline 4 and 3 in a thirty-six
hole match.
ILLINOIS PROFESSIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.
The title of professional golf champion of
Illinois was contested for on the links of the
Flossmoor Country club near Chicago for the
first time Oct. 1 and 2. 1919. The winner
was Jock Hutchinson of the Glen View club
with a score of 303 for 72 holes. Bob Mc-
Donald of Evanston and Eddie Loos of Beverly
tied for second and third money with 305.
while Lloyd Gullickson. Lake Shore, and Will
Hunter. Onwentsia, each had 30L4. dividing-
fourth money.
CANADIAN OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP.
The Canadian open golf championship was
won at Hamilton. Ont.. July 29-30, 1919. by
Douglas Edgar of the Druid Hills Golf club of
Atlanta. Ga., with a score of 278 on the
course of the Hamilton Golf and Country
club. This score for 73 holes competitive
play constitutes a world's record. Edgar is
a professional golf player.
OLYMPIC CUP.
The annual competition for the Olympic cup
took place on the links of the Sunset Hill
club at St. Louis. Mo.. June 15, 1919. and
resulted in a victory for the St. Louis Golf
nssociation with a score of 321 for eighteen
holes. The Chicago District Golf association
team was second with 323. Winners of event
to date:
1904— At St. Louis. Western G. A.. 1749.
1905— At Chicago, Western Pa. A., 655.
1906— At St. Louis, Western G. A., 635.
1907— At Cleveland, Metropolitan G. A., 64L.
1908— At Rock Island, Western G. A., 6C2.
1909— At Chicago, Western G. A.. 623.
1910— At Minneapolis, Western G. A., 615.
1911— At Detroit, Western G. A.. 60G.
1912— At Chicago, Western G. A., 622.
1913— At Chicago, Western G. A., 628.
1914— At Grand Rapida, Chicago Dist. G. A., 628L
1915— At Cleveland, Chicago Dist. G. A.. 65L
1916— At Del Monte. California G. A., 588.
1917— At Chicago, Western G. A., 655.
1918— No contest.
1919— At St. Louis. St. Louis G. A.. 321 (1*
holes).
COOK COUNTY OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP.
Thomas Thompson of the Garfield Golf club
won the Cook county open golf championship
rt Garfield park July 18, 1919. by defeating-
Rockton A. Bowker of the Belmont club 1 up
in the thirty-six hole final.
CHICAGO WOMEN'S CHAMPIONSHIP.
Miss Elizabeth Klotz. a 17 year old player
from Indian Hill, won the Chicago Women'*
championship of the Western Golf association
Aug. 1. 1919. by defeating- Mrs. H. Arnold
Jackson of Onwentsia, 1 up at the Skokie
Country club.
BRITISH AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP.
Year. Winner. Runner up.
1886— H. Hutchinson Henry Lamb 7 and 9
1887— H. Hutchlusoii John Ball. Jr 1 hole
1888— J. Ball, Jr J. E. Laidlay 5 and 4
1889— J. E. Laidlay L. W. Balfour....2 and 1
1890— J. Ball, Jr J. E. Laidlay 4 and 3
1891— J. E. Laidlay H. H. Hilton 1 hole
1892-J. Ball, Jr H. H. Hilton 3 and 1
1893— Peter Anderson J. E. Laidlay 1 hole
1894-J. Ball, Jr S. M. Ferguson....! hole
1S95— L. B. Melville J. Ball, Jr *1 hole
1896— F. G. Tait H. H. Hilton 8 and 7
1897— A. J. T. Allan J. Robb 4 and 2
1898— F. G. Tait S. M. Ferguson... 7 and 5
1899— J. Ball, Jr F. G. Tait *1 hole
1900— H. H. Hilton J. Robb 8 and T
1901— H. H. Hilton J. L. Low 1 hole
1902— C. Hutchings S. H. Fry; 1 up
1903— R. Maxwell H. Hutchinson.... 6 and 5
1904— W. J. Travis E. Blackwell 4 and 3
1905— A. G. Barry Hon. O. Scott 3 and 2
1906— James Robb C. C. Lengen 4 and 3
1907— J. Ball, Jr A. Palmer 6 and 4
1908 — E. A. Lasson H. F. Taylor 7 and 6
1909— R. Maxwell O. K. Hutchinson. .1 hole
1910— John Ball C. Aylmer 10 and 9
1911— H. H. Hilton F. A. Lasaen 4 and 8
1912— John Ball H. A. Mitchell.. ..1 hole
1913— H. H. Hilton R. Harris 6 and 5
1914— J. L. C. Jenkins. ..C. L. Hezlet 3 and »
No contest since 1914.
*After a tie.
BRITISH OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP.
1890— John Ball. Jr.,* (R. L. G. C.), Prestwlck.
164.
430
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
1891— H. Kirkcaldy (St. Andrew's), St. Andrew's,
166
1892— H. H. Hilton* (R. L. G. C.). Muirfleld, t305.
1893— W. Auchterlonie (St. Andrew's). Prestwick.
1894_lj. H. Taylor (Winchester), Sandwich, 325.
1895— J. H. Taylor (Winchester). St. Andrew's.
18fj6^-H. Vardon (Scarborough), Muirfleld. 316.
1W7-H. H. Hilton* (R. L. G. C.). Muirfleld, 305.
1898— H Vardon (Scarborough), Prestwick, 307.
1899— H. Vardon (Ganton), Sandwich, 310.
1900— J H. Taylor (Richmond), St. Andrew's, 309.
1901— James Braid (Romford). Muirfield, 309.
1902— Alex Herd (Huddersfield), Hoylake, 307.
1903— Alex. Herd (Huddersfield).
1104— J. White (Sunningdale), Sandwich. 29€.
1905— Jas. Braid (Walton Heath), St. Andrew s. 318.
1906— James Braid (Walton Heath), Muirfleld, 300.
1907— Arnaud Massey (France), Hoylake, 317.
1908— James Braid (Walton Heath). Prestwick. 291.
1909— J. H. Taylor (Mid-Surrey), Sandwich, 295.
(. 1910— James Braid (Walton Heath), St. Andrew's,
1911— H. Vardon (South Herts). Sandwich, 303.
1912— Edw. Ray (Ganton). Mnirfield, 294.
1»13— J. H. Taylor (Mid-Surrey), Hoylake, 304.
1914— H. Vardon (South Herts). Prestwick. 306.
No contest sine* 1914.
•Amateur. fChanged to 72 holes.
MISCELLANEOUS TOURNAMENTS (1919).
Among the winners in state and other tour-
naments in 1919 were the following:
Indiana— Burr S. Swezey.
Iowa— Robert McKee.
Massachusetts— Francis Ouimet.
Michigan (Amateur)— Louis Breden.
Michigan (Open)— Leo Diegel.
Minnesota (Women)— Mrs. Bergmann Richards.
Missouri— James C. Ward.
Nebraska— Sam W. Reynolds.
New Jersey— Maxwell Marston.
Wisconsin— Ned Allis.
Chicago (Men)— George Hartman.
Cook County— George West.
Eastern (Women)— Mrs. Ronald H. Barlow.
Florida East Coast— Mike Brady.
Interallied (Paris)— Arnaud Massey.
Intercollegiate— Princeton.
Metropolitan (Amateur)— Oswald Kirby.
Metropolitan (Open)— Walter Ha gen.
Metropolitan (Women)— Miss Marion Hollins.
Southern (Men)— Nelson Whitney.
Southern (Open)— James Barnes.
Southern ( Women )-Miw Alexa Stirling.
Trans-Mississippi—Nelson Whitney.
CHICA-GO DISTRICT GOLF CLUBS.
In the following list of golf clubs in the
Chicago district the names of the president
and secretaries are given in order:
Bevprlv" C C — G J. L. Janes; secretary. S.
Shollenberger. 102 South Market street.
Bob o* Link Club— Walter W. Ross: secretary.
G F Goodnow. 108 South La Salle street.
Calumet C. C.— William Hough: secretary. F. E.
Bell. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad,
547 West Jackson boulevard.
Chicago G. C.— Frank O. Wetmore: secretary,
A? Dyrenforth. 914 Marquette building
Exmoor C. C.— Percy B. Eckhart: secretary.
James L. Martin. 715 the Rookery.
EdleVater G. C.-Walter W. Gillette; secretary.
Walter G. Young. 4606 Broadway.
Flossmoor C. C.— W. H. Rock wood: secretary,
F. L. Horton. care of Swift & Co.. Union
en.' C.-J. S. Wayman; secretary. R.
E. Doonan. 122 North State street.
Glen View G. C.-XJeorge F. Henneberry; secre-
tary. J. H. Fall Jr.. 806 West Washington
HiSle G. C.-A. O. Keuhmsted: secretary.
E T Snohr. 20 South Dearborn street
Idlewild C. C.-H. M. Goldsmith: secretary.
M. Rothschild. 712 Federal street.
Imdian Hill Club— John Stuart; secretary, J. C.
Harding, 209 West Jackson boulevard.
'Lake Shore C. C. — Moise Dreyfus; secretary,
H. Sonnenschein. 30 North La Salle street.
La Grange C. C. — Edward Barrett: secretary.
W. E. Godso. 1521 Harris Trust building.
Lincoln Park G. C.— Robert K. Preston; secre-
tary. B. F. Pilgrim. 1522 Belle Plaine avenue.
Midlothian C. C.— Frank B. Stone: secretary.
John H. Merrell. 1838 Peoples Gas building.
Northmoor C. C. — Nathan Klee; secretary, Allan
I. Wolff.
North Shore G. C. — Arthur J. Taylor; secre-
tary. R. S. Baker. Wilmette. 111.
Oak Park C. C.— E. P. Waud; secretary. F. O.
Southbrook. Oak Park. 111.
Olympia Fields C. C.— A. Alonzo Stagg; secre-
tary. J. C. Carter. 1646 Monadnock build-
ing.
Onwentsia Club— Wallace C. Winter; secretary,
C. T. Atkinson, stock exchange, Rookery
building.
Old Elm Club— Edward F. Carry; secretary.
Charles W. Folds. 208 South LaSalle street.
Park Ridge C. C.— Walter J. Raymer; secretary.
Arthur W. Kimbell. 1623 Chase avenue.
Ridgemoor C. C.— August Semvard; secretary.
J. C. Kirchner. 117 North Wells street.
Ravisloe C. C.— Clarence Lowenstein: secretary.
F. H. Greenebaum, 9 South LaSalle street
Ridge C. C.— Arthur D. White; secretary. A.
J. Buffington. Swift & Co.. U. S. yards.
Riverside G. C.— Henry B. Babson; secretary.
A. D. Dorman. 129 South Jefferson street.
Skokie C. C. — Louis Mowry; secretary, E. R.
Johnson. 11 South LaSalle street.
South Shore C. C. — Everett C. Brown; secre-
tary. C. C. Fitzmonis. 5533 Hyde Park boule-
vard.
Westward Ho C. C.— George H. Mason; secre-
tary. J. L. Davidson. 112 West Adams street.
Westmoreland C. C.— George W. Springer: sec-
retary, J. Medloc, 1310 Corn Exchange bldg.
Windsor G. C.— W. C. Hill: secretary. A. Dyren-
forth. 914 Marquette building.
PUBLIC GOLF COURSES IN
CHICAGO PARKS.
Jackson Park — Two separate courses. 18 holes
and 9 holes. Courses are situated in park
just off East 63d street and Stony Island
avenue.
Marquette Park — One 18 hole course.
Garfield Park — 9 hole course, situated in park
about one block south of West Madison street
and Hamlin avenue.
Lincoln Park— 9 hole course, situated on lake
shore, starting at Diversey boulevard.
GOLF OFFICIALS. 1919.
United States Golf Association.
President— Frederick S. Wheeler, Apawamis
club. Rye. N. Y.
Vice-Presidents — Dr. Walter S. Harban, Colum-
bia Country club. Washington. D. C., and
Sterling E. Edmunds. St. Louis Country club.
Secretary— Howard F. Whitney. Nassau Coun-
try club. New York. N. Y.
Treasurer — Mortimer N. Buckner. Garden City
Golf club. New York. N. Y.
Executive Committee— Frank E. Miller. Old
Elm club. Fort Sheridan. 111.: J. F. Byers.
Allegheny Country club, Sewickley, Pa.: Wil-
liam P. Stewart. Audubon Golf club. New
Orleans. La.; Thomns B. Paine, Atlanta
Athletic club, and Elmer E. Mitchell. Wil-
mington. (Del.) Country club.
Western Golf Association.
President — Charles F. Thompson, Flossmoor
Country club, Chicago, HI.
Vice-President—Charles W. German. Blue Hills
club. Kansas City. Mo.
Secretary— James H. Barnard. Glen Vievr club.
Chicago. 111.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
431
Treasurer— Guy F. Gregg:, Blue Mound Coun-
try club, Milwaukee, Wis.
Directors — Horace F. Smith. Nashville Golf and
Country club; Wilbur H. Brooks. Mayfield
Country club: S. G. Strickland, Westmore-
land Country club: John W. Hughes. Omaha
Field club: A. M. Parry. Indianapolis Coun-
try club.
TENNIS.
NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS.
In the tournament held at Forest Hills. L. I..
Aug. 25-Sept. 4, 1919. William M. Johnston
of San Francisco won the national champion-
ship in sing-les by defeating- William T. Tilden.
Jr., of Philadelphia in the final match 6-4.
6-4. 6-3. The national junior singles was won
by Vincent Richards of Yonkers, N. Y., who
defeated A. H. Chapin, Jr.. of Springfield,
Mass., 6-2, 7-5, 6-1.
The contests for the doubles championship
of the United States took place on the grounds
of the Longwood Cricket club at Newton.
Mass.. Aug. 11-19. 1919. The title was won
by Norman E. Brookes and Gerald Patterson
of Australia, who in the challenge round de-
feated William T. Tilden. Jr., of Philadelphia
and Vincent Richards of Yonkers 8-6. 6-3.
4-6. 4-6. 6-2.
National Tennis Champions in Singles.
1881— R. D. Sears.
1882— R. D. Sears.
1883— R. D. Sears.
1884— R. D. Seare.
1885— R. D. Sears.
1886— R. D. Sears.
1887— H. W. Slocum.
1888— H. W. Slocum.
1889— H. W. Slocum.
1890— O. S. Campbell.
1891— O. S. Campbell.
1892— O. S. Campbell.
1893— R. D. Wrenn.
1894— R. D. Wrenn.
1895— F. H. Hovey.
1896 — R. D. Wrenn.
1897— R. D. Wrenn,
1898— M. D. Whitman.
1899— M. D. Whitman.
1900— M. D. Whitman.
1901— W. A. Larned.
1902— W. A. Larned.
1903— H. L. Doherty.
1904— H. Ward.
1905— B. C. Wright.
1906— W. J. Clothier.
1907— W. A. Larned.
1908— W. A. Larned.
1909— W. A. Larned.
1910— W. A. Larned.
1911— W. A. Larned..
1912— M. E. McLough-
lin.
1913— M. E. McLough-
lin.
1914— R. N. Williams.
1915 — W. M. Johnston.
1916— R.N.Williams.
1917— R. L. Murray.
1918— R. L. Murray.
DAVIS INTERNATIONAL CUP.
The Davis international tennis challenge cut)
was taken from the United States by Austra-
lasia as the result of the games played in 1914.
Year. Winner. Score
1908— Australasia. . 3-2
1909— Australasia. . 5-0
1911— Australasia. . 5-0
1912— British Isles.3-2
1913— America ...3-2
1914— Australasia. .3-2
Year. Winner. Score
1900— America ...3-0
1902— America . . . 3-2
1903— British Isles.4-1
1904— British Isles.5-0
1905— British Isles. 5-0
190fi— British Isles. 5-0
1907— Australasia. .3-2
INTERNATIONAL GAMES IN ENGLAND.
International tennis games took place at
Wimbledon, England, in June and July. 1919.
The championship in singles was won by G.
L. Patterson of Australia, who defeated Nor-
man E. Brookes, also of Australia, in the
finals July 7. 6-3. 7-5. 6-2.
In the women's singles the victor was Su-
zanne Lenerlen of France, who defeated Mrs.
Lambert Chambers of England in the finals
July 4. 10-8. 4-6. 9-7.
In the men's doubles R. V. Thomas and
O'Hara Wood defeated Randolph Lycett and
H. Heath in the finals July 8. 6-4, 6-2. 4-6,
6-2.
In the women's doubles Suzanne Lensrlen of
France and Miss "Buddy" Ryan of California
defeated Mrs. Larcombe and Mrs. Chambers
4-<5. 7-5. 6-3.
INTERALLIED GAMF.S IN FRANCE.
In the interallied tennis games in Paris in
June. 1919. the doubles championship was
won for Australia by O'Hara Wood and Ran-
dolph Lycett, while Andre Gobert won the
singles championship for France.
At Deauville. France. Aug. 7. Andre Gobert
and W. H. Laurentz. the French team, defeated
the British team. H. R. Barnett and R. K.
Trumbull. in the Davis cup elimination, 6-0.
6-1. 12-10. On the same day and date Davi-
son and Kinscote. English, defeated in single*
Laurentz and Gobert. French.
INTERNATIONAL GAMES IN AMERICA.
At Forest Hills. N. Y.. Sept. 5 and 6, 1919.
an American team, consisting of William M.
Johnston, William T. Tilden, Jr., R. Norris
Williams and Wallace F. Johnston, defeated an
Australian team, consisting of Norman E.
Brookes. Gerald E. Patterson. Randolph Lycett
and R. V. Thomas, taking four singles and
two doubles contests, without losing a game.
In Chicago Sept. 12 and 13. 1919. the Aus-
tralian team— Patterson. Brookes, Lycett and
Thomas — playing against Johnston. Griffin. Wil-
lis E. Davis. Sam Hardy. Ralph H. Burdick
and Walter T. Hayes, won two singles con-
tests and one in doubles. Hardy and Burdick
defeated Lycett and Thomas in one doubles
match and Hayes and Burdick defeated th«
same pair in another doubles match.
WESTERN CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The annual western tennis championship
tournament for men and women took place in
Kansas City. Mo.. July 28-Aug. 4. 1919. on
the courts of the Rockhill Tennis club. In
the men's singles Willis E. Davis of San Fran-
cisco was the victor, defeating Ralph H. Bur-
dick of Chicago in the finals, 10-8. 4-6. 6-3.
2-6. 6-3. In the women's doubles Miss Mar-
jorie Hires and Miss Evelyn Seavey of Kansas
City defeated Miss Carrie B. Neely of Chicago
and Miss Mary K. Voorhees of Evanston, HI..
7-5. 4-6, 7-5.
In the men's doubles the winners were Wil-
lis E. Davis and H. Van Dyke of California,
who defeated Fred Josties and Theodore
Drewes of St. Louis 6-2. 6-1. 4-6, 6-3. The
women's championship in singles was won by
Miss Corinne Gould of St. Louis, who defeated
Miss Marguerite Davis of St. Paul 4-6, 6-0.
6-1. Miss Voorhees and H. Van Dyke Jones
won the mixed doubles title by defeating Mrs,
Ralph Peer. Kansas City, and Charles Speire,
Kingfisher. Okla.. 6-2. 6-3.
MIDDLE ATLANTIC CHAMPIONSHIPS.
William Tilden. Jr.. of Philadelphia and Vin-
cent Richards of New York won the Middle
Atlantic indoor tennis doubles championships
at Philadelphia Feb. 27. 1919. by defeating
Wallace Johnson and Craig Biddle. both of
Philadelphia. 6-8. 8-6. 6-1. 6-3.
In the finals for the championship in sin-
gles William T. Tilden II. of Philadelphia
was the winner, defeating Vincent Richards
of New York 6-3. 5-7. 6-2. 7-5.
NORTH AND SOUTH TOURNAMENT.
In the 1919 north and south tennis tourna-
ment at Pinehurst. N. C.. the finals of which
were played April 12. William T. Tilden, Jr..
won the singles championship by defeating
Ichya Kumagae 1-6. 6-2, 6-3. 6-4. In the
doubles Tilden and Vincent Richards won
from Kumagae and Howard Voshell 6-3. 7-3.
1-0. 6-3.
In the women's singles Miss Marion Zinder-
stein defeated Mrs. Marion Vanderhoff Morse
6-1. 6-4.
WOMEN'S NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.
The finals in the women's national lawn
tennis tournament of 1919. held at Phila-
delphia and ending June 21. resulted as fol-
lows:
Women's singles— Mrs. George Wijrhtman.
Longwood Cricket club, defeated Miss Ma-
rion Zinderstein. Longwood Cricket club.
6-1. 6-2.
432
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Women's doubles — Miss Marion Zinderstein nnd
Miss Eleanora Goes defeated Mrs. George
Wightman and Miss Eleanora Sears 0-7. 9-7.
Mixed doubles — Miss Marion Zinderstein and
Vincent Richards defeated Miss Florence Bal-
lin and William T. Tilden II. 2-6. 11-9. 6-2.
Girls' doubles— Miss Elizabeth Warren and Miss
Penelope Anderson. Country Club of Vir-
ginia, defeated Miss Mary Heaton and Miss
Katherine Lauder. Greenwich Field club. 6-2.
6-2.
Miss Molla Bjurstedt. champion for four
years, was defeated by Miss Zinderstein in the
semifinals. 4-6. 6-1. 6-2.
WOMEN'S INDOOR CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Mrs. George H. Wightman of "Boston won
the women's national tennis indoor champion-
ship in singles in New York. N. Y., March
14. 1919. by defeating- Miss Marion Zind-r-
stein, also of Boston, in the final round 2-6.
<J-1. 6-4. These two. as partners, won the
doubles championship by defeating- Mrs. Al-
bert Humphries and Miss Bessie Holden of
New York 6-1. 6-1.
ARMY CHAMPIONSHIPS,
The singles and doubles tennis champion-
ships of the American expeditionary force in
France and Germany were decided at Cannes.
France. April 4. 1919. In the final for the
singles, Capt. R. N. Williams II.. Pennsylvania,
defeated Capt. W. M. Washburn by 6-2. 7-5.
6-2. In the doubles final. Capt. Williams and
Capt. Washburn defeated Lieut.-Col. D. F.
Davis and Chaplain W. M. Dell.
ILLINOIS STATE CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The Illinois state tennis championship tourna-
ment took place on the courts of the Chicago
Tennis club Aug. 30-Sept. 8. 1919. The title
in men's singles was taken by Lucian E. Wil-
liams, who in the final match defeated Ralph
H. Burdick 3-6. 6-2, 6-8. 6-4, 7-5. The men's
doubles championship was taken by Burdick
and Charles L. Johnston. Jr.. who defeated
Walter T. Hayes and Arthur P. Hubbell 6-3,
6-1. 6-0. In the women's singles Miss Carrie
B. Neely was the victor. Her opponent in the
final was Mrs. S. H. Adams of Centralia,
whom she defeated 6-1. 10-8. Miss Neely and
Miss Mary K. Voorhees took the doubles title
by defeating- Mrs. S. H. Adams and Miss
Elizabeth Qualey.
CHICAGO CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Men's singles, final mntch. June 15— A. L.
Green. Jr.. defeated Walter T. Hayes 4-6,
6-8. 7-5, 6-0. 6-0.
Women's singles, final match, June 14 — Mrs.
Malcolm M?cNeil. Jr.. defeated Miss Carrie
B. Neely 8-6. 4-6. 7-5.
Men's doubles, final match. June 16 — A. L.
Green. Jr.. and Ralph H. Burdick defeated
Samuel T. Hardy and W. S. Miller 6-3. 6-0,
8-6.
INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAMPIONSHIPS.
New England — Herman Broockman, Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology.
Eastern — Yale university team.
Western conference — Singles. Walter K. Wes-
brook. Michigan: doubles. Wesbrook and N.
B. Bartz. Michigan.
OTHER TENNIS WINNERS IN 1919.
Women's Metronolitan — Miss Eleanora Goss and
Miss Marion Zinderstein.
Pacific coast — Singles. W. M. Johnston: dou-
bles. Howard and Robert Kinsey.
Canada— S. S. Kashio. singles, and Holmes and
Bennett, doubles.
New York state— Ichya Kumagae, singles;
Clarence J. Griffin and Charles S. Garland.
derbies.
Northwestern sectional— William M. Johnston,
singles: Johnston and Clarence Griffin, dou-
bles: Miss Marguerite Davis, women's sin-
ffles.
. Alexander and S.
New England sectional— R. Norris Williams
Jr.. and Watson M. Washburn
Longwood bowl— W. M. Johnston.
Seabnght doubles— William T. Tilden. Jr and
Vincent Richards.
Casino club invitation— Norman E. Brookes and
Gerald Patterson, doubles; William T Til-
den. Jr., singles.
Michigan state— Walter T. Hayes, singles-
, Hayes and Vincent Vernon. doubles.
Meadow club— Charles S. Garland, singles;
Garland and William T. Tilden, Jr.. doubles.
Long-wood women's— Mrs. George W. Wightman.
INDOOR TENNIS.
Champions in Singles.
1900— J. A. Allen.
1901— Holcombe Ward
1902— J. P. Paret.
19Q4-W:c.'Grln1:
. Dewhurst.
'. Grant.
[-T, R. Pell.
1909-*. £&¥*•
1910— G. F. Touchard.
1911— T. R. Pell.
1912— W. C. Grant.
1913— G. F. Touchard.
1914— G. F. Touchard.
1915— G. F. Touchard.
1916— R. L. Murray.
1917— S. H. Voshell.
1918— S. H. Voshell.
1919— V. Richards.
Champions in Doubles.
1900— J. P. Paret and C. Cragin
1901—0. M. Bostwick and C. Cragin
1902— W. C. Grant and Robert LeRoy.
1903— W. C. Grant and Robert LeRoy
1904— W. C. Grant and Robert LeRoy
1905— T. R. Pell and H. E. Allen
inXS~H- 2' A]exander and H- H- Hackett.
1907— F. B. Alexander and H. H. Hackett
1908— F. B. Alexander and H. H Hackett
1909-T. R. Pell and W. C. Grant
1910— G. F. Touchard and C R Gardner
191 1-T. R. Pell and F. B. Alexander
1912— T. R. Pell and F. B. Alexander.
1913— W. C. Grant and G. C. Shafer.
1914— W. C. Grant and G. C. Shafer
)15— G. F. Touchard and W. M. Washburn.
916— Dr. W. Rospnbaum and A. M. Lovibond
917— Dr. W. Rosenbaum and F. B. Alexander
918— G. C. Shafer and King Smith.
1919— V. Richards and W. T. Tilden. Jr.
SQUASH TENNIS.
Amateur Championship.
John W. Appel. Jr.. of the Harvard club
won the national amateur squash tennis cham-
pionship at New York, March 21. 1919, by de-
feating Harold Tobey of the Princeton club in
the final match of the tournament by scores
of 15-2, 15-6. 15-6. The winner in 1918 was
Fillmore Van S. Hyde of the Harvard club.
He did not defend his title in 1919.
PROFESSIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.
.Walter A. Kinsella won the world's profes-
sional championship at squash tennis in New
York. N. Y.. March 29. 1919. bv defeating1
James T. Reid 15-7. 18-14 and 15-14.
CLAY COURT CHAMPIONSHIPS.
In the national clay court tennis tournament
of 1919. held in Chicago. July 12-20. William
M. Johnston of San Francisco won the cham-
pionship in singles by defeating- William T.
Tilden. Jr.. of Philadelphia in the finals 6-0
6-1. 4-6, 6-2. The doubles title was won by
Johnston and Sam Hardy of Chicago, who de-
feated Robert G. Kinsey of San Francisco and
Axel Gravem of Berkeley, Cal.. 6-3. 6-1. 2-6.
6-3. In the woman's singles Miss Corinne C.
Gould of St. Louis defeated Miss C. B. Neely
of Chicago 6-4. 6-2. In the women's doubles
Miss Neply and Mis? Mary K. Voorhees de-
f^ated Miss Gould and Mrs. Harry Peters of
Cleveland 6-3. 0-6. 6-0. In the mixed dou-
bles Miss Marion Leighton of Chicago and
Robert G. Kinsey defeated Mrs. Ralph Field
of Cincinnati and Axel Gravem 6-3. 6-2.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
433
COURT TENNIS.
Open Professional Champions.
Open professional court tennis champions
since 1871:
1871-1885— G. Lambert. England.
1885-1890— Tom Pettit. America.
1890-1895— C. Sanders. England.
1895-1905— Peter Latham. England.
1905-1907— C. J. Fairs. England.
1907-1908— Peter Latham, England.
1908-1912— C. J. Fairs. England.
1912-1914 — George F. Covey. England.
1914 — Jay Gould. America.
1915-1919— No contests.
TENNIS OFFICIALS.
U. S. National Lawn Tennis Association.
President— G. T. Adee. New York, N. Y.
Vice-President— J. S. Myrick. New York. N. Y.
Secretary— E. T. Torrey. Clinton. N. Y.
Treasurer — A. S. Chapin, Springfield, Mass.
Western Lawn Tennis Association.
President— Harry L. Waidner. Winnetka. 111.
Vice- President s—R. L. Van Arsdale, Chicago;
Pierre R. Porter. Kansas City. Mo.
Secretary— J. C. Stewart. Chicag-o.
Treasurer— Reginald F. Woods. Chicag-o.
HORSE RACING.
METROPOLITAN HANDICAP.
Belmont park. New York ; distance, 1 mile.
1903— GunUre, 1:38%; 511.080.
1904— Irish Lad, 1:40; $10,880.
1905— Sysonby and Race King, 1:41% (dead heat).
$9.230.
1906— Grapple, 1:39; $10,850.
1907— Gloriner, 1:40%; $10,570.
1908-^Tack Atkiii, 1:38%; $9,620.
1909— King Jumes, 1:40; $3,875.
1910— Fashion Plate, 1:37%; $5,000.
1911-1912— No race.
1913— Whisk Broom, 1:39; $3,475.
1914— Buskin, 1:37%; $4,100.
1915— Stromboli, 1:39%; $2,325.
1916— The Finn, 1:38; $3.500.
1917— Ormeadale, 1:39%; $5.000.
1918— Trompe-La-Morte, 1:38%; $5,000.
1919— Lanius, 1:45%; $3,865.
THE FUTURITY.
Belmont park, New York ; distance, 6 furlongs.
1890— Potomac, 1:14%; $77,000.
1891— His Highness, 1:15%; $72,000.
1892— Morello, 1:12%; $41.375.
1893— Domino, 1:12%; $45,000.
1894— Butterflies, 1:11; $63.830.
1895— Requital, 1:11%; $69,770.
1896— Ogden, 1:10; $56,970.
1897— L'Alouette, 1:11; $43,300.
1898— Martimas, 1:12%; $46,840.
1899— Chacornac, 1:10%; $41,000.
1900— Ballyhoo Bey, 1:10; $42.000.
1901— Yankee, I:09y5; $46.210.
1902— Savable, 1:14; $56,660.
1903— Hamburg Belle, 1:13; $46,550.
1904— Artful, 1:11%; $52,900.
1905— Ormondale, 1:11%; $43,680.
1906— Electioneer, 1:13%; $44,070.
1907— Colin, 1:11%; $32,930.
1908— Maskette. 1:11%; $33,360.
1309— Sweep, 1:11%; $33,660.
1910— Novelty, 1:12%; $25,360.
1913— Pennant, 1:15; $15,060.
1914— Trojan, 1:16%; $22,110.
1915— Thunderer, 1:11%; $16,500.
1916— Campfire, 1:13%; $22,950.
1917— Papp, 1:12; $15,450.
1918— Dmiboyne, 1:12%; $30,280.
1919— Man o' War, 1:11%; $26.650.
KENTUCKY DERBY.
For 3-year-olds. Louisville. Ky. Distance
changed in 1896 from iya to 1% miles.
1890— Riley. llSlbs. 2:45; $5,460.
1891— Kingman, 122lb«. 2:52%; $4.680.
1892— Azra. 1221bs, 2 *1%; $4.230.
1893— Lookout. 122lbs. 2:39%; $4.090.
1894— Chant. 122lbs, 2:41; $4,000.
1895— Halma. 1221bs. 2:37%.
1896— Ben Brush. 117lbs. 2:07%. •
1897— Typhoon II.. 1171bs. 2:12%.
1898— Plaudit. 1171bs. 2:08.
1899— Manuel. 117lbs. 2:12.
1900— Lieut. Gibson, llTlbs. J:06%.
1901- His Eminence, 1171bs, 2:07%.
1902— Alan a-Dale. 1171bs. 2:08%; $6,000.
1S03— Judge Himes. 1171bs, 2:09; $6.000.
1904— El wood. 117lbs. 2:08%; $6,000.
1905— Agile. 1221bs, 2:10%; $6,000.
1906— Sir Huon. 117lbs. 2:08%; $5,000.
1907— Pink Star. 117lbs. 2:12%; $5,000.
1908— Stone Street. 1171bs. 2:15%; $6,000.
1909— WIntergreen. 1171bs. 2:08%; $6,000.
1910— Donan. 1121bs, 2:06%; $6,000.
1911— Meridian. 117lbs. 2.05%: $6.000.
1912— Worth. 117lbs. 2:09%; $6.000.
1913— Donerail, 1171bs, 2:04%; $6.000.
1914— Old Rosebud, H41bs. 2:03%: $13.350.
1915— Regret. 1121bs, 2:05%; $14.900.
1916— George Smith. 1171bs. 2:04; $9.750.
1917— Omar Khayyam. 1171bs. 2:04%; $16,600.
1918— Exterminator. 1141bs, 2:10%; $15,000.
1919— Sir Barton, llOlbs, 2:09%; $20,825.
BROOKLYN HANDICAP.
Gravesend, New York; distance. 1% miles.
1905— Delhi, 2:06%; $15,800.
1906— Tokalon, 2:05%; $15,800.
1907— Superman, 2:09; $15,800.
1908— Fair Play, 2:04%; $19,750.
1909— King James, 2:04; $3,850.
1910— Fitz Herbert, 2:05%; $6,000.
1913— Whisk Broom, 2:03%; $3,025.
1914*— Buckhorn, 2:08; $3,350.
19151— Tartar, 1:50%; $3,950.
1916J— Friar Rock, 1:50; $5,000.
1917*— Borrow, 1:49%; $6,000.
1918§— Cudgel. 1:50%; $4.850.
I919f— Eternal. 1:49%; $4,850.
•Run at Belmont park, L. I. tRun at Belmont
park, L. I.; distance 1V6 miles. JRun at Aque-
duct. N. Y. ; distance 1% miles. SRun at Queeni
County Jockey club track ; distance 1% miles.
ENGLISH DERBY.
First race run at Epsom May 4. 1780. IH 1784
distance was increased from 1 mile to 1% miles.
1890— Sain Foln. by Springfield, 2:49%.
1891— Common, by Isonomy. 2:56%.
1892— Sir Hugo, by Wisdom, 2:44.
1893— Isinglass, by Isouomy, 2:43.
1894— Ladas, by Hampton, 2:45%.
1895— Sir Visto, by Barcaldine. 2:43%.
1896— Persimmon, by St. Simon. 2:42.
1897— Galtee Moore, by Kendal. 2:47.
1898— Jeddah. by Janissary. 2:37.
1899— Flying Fox. by Orme. 2:38%.
1900— Diamond Jubilee, by St. Simon, 2:42.
1901— Volodyovski. by Florizel. 2:40%.
1902— Ard Patrick, by St. Florian, 2:42%.
1903— Rock Sand, by Sain Foin-Roquebrune.
1904 — St. Amant, by Frusquin-Loverule. 2:45%.
1905— Cicero, by Cyllene, 3:11.
1906— Spearmint, by Carbine, 2:36%.
1907— Orby. by Orme, 2:44.
19^8- Slgnonnetta, bv Chalereux-Signorina. 2 :39H.
1909— Minoru, by Cyllene-Mother Siegel, 2:45%.
1910— Lemberg, by Cyllene-Galicia, 2:35%.
19H— Sunstar. by Sumlriclge-Norris. 2:36%.
1912— Tagalle. by Cyllene-Tagale. 2:38%.
1913— Aboyeur, by Desmond-Pa\vky, 2:37%.
1914 — Durbar II., by Rabelais-Armenia, 2:38.
1915*— Pommern, by Polyuielus-Murry Agnes;
2:32%.
1916*— Fifinella. (Time not reported.)
1917-1918— No race.
1919— Grand Parade, by Orby-Grand Geraldine;
2 '35^-
*Run°'at Newmarket as substitute for regular
Derby.
GRAND PRIX DE PARIS.
First race run In 1863. Distance about 1 mile T
furlongs, for 3 year olds.
1901— Cheri. by St. Damien.
\
434
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
1902— Kizil-Kourgan.
1908— Quo Vadis.
1904 — Ajax. by Flying Fox-Amle.
1905— Fiuasseur.
1906— Spearmint.
1907-Sans Souci II.
1908— Northeast (value of race, $72.000).
1909— Verduit, $74.155.
1910— Nuage, $60,000.
1811— As d'Atout. $70,200.
1912— Houll, $73.000.
1913— Bruleur, $72.000.
1914— Sardanople. $60.000.
1915-1918— No racing.
1919— Galloper Light, $48,000.
AMERICAN DERBY.
' The American Derby, formerly run at the
Washington park racetrack, was renewed in 1916
at the Hawthorne racetrack, when Dodge, carry
ing 126 pounds and lidden by F. Murphy, won In
2:04%. The value of the stake was $10,000, the
winner getling $6.850. The record of winners in
the American Derby, 1% miles (1% in 1916), for
3 year olds, Is as follows— year, winner, weight,
time and value of stake being given in order:
1884— Modesty. 117; 2:42%; $10.700.
1885— Volante. 123; 2:49%: $9.570.
1886— Silver Cloud. 121; 2:37%; $8.160.
1887-0. H. Todd. 118; 2:38%: $13.690.
1888— Emperor of Norfolk. 123: 2:40%; $14,340.
188<j— Spokane. 121; 2:41%; $15.440.
1890-Uncle Bob. 115%: 2:55%: $15.200.
1891— Strathmeath. 122: 2:49%: $18.610.
18^?— Carlsbad. 122; 3:04%; $16.930.
1893- Boundless. 122; 2:36; $49,500.
1894— Rey el Santa Anita, 122; 2:36; $19,750.
1895-1897— No racing.
189£-Pink Coat. 127; 2:42%; $9,425.
1900— Sidney Lucas, 122; 2:40%; $9.425.
1901— Robert Waddell, 119; 2:33; $19,326.
1902— Wyeth. 123; 2:40; $20.125.
1903— The Picket. 115; 2:33; $27.275.
1904— Highball. 122; 2:33; $26.325.
1905-1915— No racing.
1916-Dodge. 126; 2:04%; $6.850.
No race since 1916.
OTHER RACING CLASSICS (1919).
Latonia Derby— Won by Be Frank ; value of
stake, $16,160.
Kentucky Futurity— Won by Periscope; stake,
Saratoga Grand Union Hotel— Won by Man
o' War; stake, $10,000.
Suburban Handicap— Corn Tassel; stake, $5,200.
BEST TROTTING RECORDS.
i/ mlle— :27. Uhlan. Lexington. Ky.. Oct. 2. 1913.
U mile— :55%, Directum I. (paced by runner),
Syracuse. NY., Sept. 14, 1916; :58%, Lou Dil-
lon, at Cleveland, Sept. 17, 1904; in race, 1:01,
Major Delmar, Memphis, Oct. 23, 1903; by 2-
year-oli.^ 1:02%, Mr. Dudley, Cleveland, July
8, 1919.
1 mile— 1:54%, Uhlan. Lexington, Ky., Oct. 9.
1918 (with running mate): 1:58. Uhlan. Lexing-
ton. Ky., Oct. 8. 1912 (without wind shield);
1:58%. Lou Dillon, Memphis. Tenn.. Oct. 24.
1903 (with wind shield). By a stallion, 1:58%,
Lee Axworthy, Lexington. Ky., Oct. 7, 1916.
1 mile, yearlings— Best mile by a filly, 2:19%.
Miss Stokes. Lexington. Ky.. Sept. 17. 1909.
Best mile by a colt. 2:15%. Airdale. Lexington.
Ky.. Oct. 2. 1912, race record. 2:26. Adbell.
Woodland, Cal.. Aug. 27. 1894.
1 mile, 2-year-olds— 2:04%, The Real Lady, Lex-
ington, Ky., Oct. 7, 1916. Best mile by a geld-
ing, 2:11%, Henry Todd, Lexington, Ky., Oct.
1 mile. 3-year-olds— 2:03%. Miss Bertha Dillon,
Atlanta. Ga., Oct. 18, 1917; fastest four heat
race, 2:10%, 2:09%. 2:10, 2:10%. Day Star,
Lexington. Ky.. Sept. 29. 1919.
1 mile, 4-year-olds— 1:59%, Lee Axworthy. Lex-
ington, Ky., Oct. 4, 1916.
I mile, 5-year-olds— 1:58%. Lou Dillon. Memphis,
Tenn.. Oct. 24. 1903.
1 mile, fastest two-heat race— 2:01%. 2:01%, Ham-
burg Belle. North Randall. O.. Aug. 25, 1909.
By a stallion, 2:02%. 2:02%. Lu Princeton, at
Hartford. Conn., Sept. 2, 1918.
1 mile, fastest three-heat race— 2:01%. 2:04%,
2:03. St. Frisco, Belmont. Pa., Aug. 16, 1918;
by filly, 2:05%; 2:03%; 2:04%, Miss Bertha
Dillon. Columbus. O.. Sept. 25. 1917.
1 mile, fastest four-heat race — 2:03% (Billy
Burke). 2:06%, 2:04%. 2:06%. Dudie Archdale.
Columbus. O.. Oct. 1. 1912.
I mile, fastest five-heat race— 2:05%, 2:03%,
2:04%, 2:05%, 2:09, Mabel Trask. Columbus,
O., Aug. 17, 1916. (St. Frisco won first two
heats. )
1 mile, fastest six-heat race— 2:05%, 2:04%, 2:04%.
2:06%, 2:07%, Bertha McGuire. Toledo. O..
July 24. 1918.
1 mile, fastest sixth heat, 2:05%, Wilkes Brewer.
Columbus, O.. July 30, 1919.
1 mile, over half-mile track— 2:02%, Uhlan, Go-
shen, N. Y.. Aug. 24. 1911.
Trotting to Waoon.
% mile— :56%. Uhlan (paced by runner), Cleve-
land. O.. Aug. 11, 1911.
1 mile — 2:00, Lou Dillon, Memphis, Tenn., Oct.
23, 1903. and Uhlan. Cleveland. O., Aug. 8,
1911; by stallion. 2:02%, Lee Axworthy, Lex-
ington. Ky., Oct. 12. 1916; by team, 2:10%.
Roy Miller and Lucy Van, at Syracuse, N. Y.,
Sept. 11. 1918.
Teams to Pole.
I mile— 2:03%. Uhlan and Lewis Torrent, Lexing-
ton, Ky., Oct. 11, 1912.
Trotting to High Sulky.
I mile— 2:05, Lon Dillon. Cleveland. O.. Sept. 11.
1903; 2:07, Major Delmar, Memphis. Tenn., Oct
26. 1904 (non ball-hearing sulky); 2:08%. Maud
S.. Glenville. 1885.
BEST PACING RECORDS.
% mile— :27%. Dan Patch. Memphis, Tenn.. Oct
27. 1903; :28. Star Pointer. Sept. 28. 1897
(against time, accompanied by a running horse).
% mile— :56. Dan Patch, Memphis. Tenn.. Oct.
27, 1903 (against time).
% mile— 1:26%. Prince Alert (with wind shield).
Empire track. New York. Sept. 23. 1903.
1 mile— 1:55. Dan Patch, St. Paul. Sept. 8. 190«
(with dust shield, a runner in front and at
one side) ; 1:56%, Directum I. (without wind
shield), Syracuse, N. Y., Sept. 15, 1915. Fastest
in competition, 1:58, by Directum I., Columbus,
O., Sept. 30. 1914.
1 mile, yearlings— 2:20%, Belle Acton, Lyons.
Neb.. Oct. 14. 1882.
1 mile. 2-year-olds— 2:07%, Directly, Galesburc.
111.. Sept. 20. 1894.
1 mile, 3-year-olds — 2:00%. Anna Bradford, Co-
lumbus. O., Sept. 29, 1914; by colt. 2:03, Peter
Look, Lexington. Ky., Oct. 7, 1916.
1 mile, 4-year-olds — 2:00. William. Grand Rapids.
Mich., Aug. 5. 1914: race record, 2:04%. Search-
light. Dubnque. Iowa, Aug. 23. 1898: Be Sure.
Terre Haute. Ind., Aug. 9. 1895. and Ananias.
Terre Haute. Ind.. Sept. 29. 1897.
1 mile, 5-year-olds— 2:02%. Braden Direct, Hart-
ford, Conn.. Sept. 1. 1913.
1 mile, fastest two-heat race— 1:58. 2:00. Direc-
tum. Columbus. O.. Sept. 30. 1914.
1 mile, fastest three-heat race— 2:02%. 2:00. 2:00.
Directum, Syracuse, N. Y., Aug. 31, 1914.
1 mile, fastest four-heat race— 2:00%, 2:00%,
2:00%, 2:05%, Russell Boy, Lexington. Ky.,
Oct. 7, 1916. (Second heat taken by Braden
Direct, and third heat by Judge Ormonde.)
mile, fastest five-heat race— 2:01%. 2:03%.
2:01%. 2:03%, 2:04%. Evelyn W. and Earl. Jr..
Colnmbus. O.. Oct. 8. 1912. (Evelyn W. won
the first, third and fourth heats.)
mile, fastest six-heat race— 2:03%, 2:03%, 2:02%.
2:04%, 2:03%. 2:03%, Russell Boy, Columbus, O.,
Sept. 80. 1915.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
435
1 mile, fastest seven-heat race— 2:00%. 2:02.
2:05%. 2:08%. 2:06%. 2:06%. 2:07% (first two by
Minor Heir, third by The Eel. fourth by Cona
de Oro and last three by Jersey B.), Lexing-
ton. Ky.. Oct. 6, 1908.
1 mile, fastest third heat in race— 1:59%. Direc-
tmn I.. Lexington, Ky.. Oct. 7. 1914.
1 mile, fastest seventh heat-2:05%. R. H. Brett.
Columbus, O.. Oct. 2. 1914.
1 mile, half-mile track— 2:02. Dan Patch, Allen-
town, Pa., Sept. 21. 1905.
Pacing to Waaon.
1 mile— 1:57^. Dan Patch. Memphis. Tenn.. Oct.
27, 1903; 1:59%, William. Syracuse, N. Y., Sept.
16 1915 (amateur driving) : best three heats in
race 2-06V4. 2:04%. 2*06i4. An^is Pointer.
Memphis, Tenn., Oct. 20, 1904 (Baron Grattan
won first heat).
Teams to Pole.
U. mile— :29%. Hontas Crooke and Prince Direct.
Cleveland, O.. July 22. 1905.
% mile— 1:00%. Prince Direct and Morning Star.
Memphis. Tenn.. Oct. 21, 1904.
1 mile— 2:02. Minor Heir and George Gano, Co-
lumbus. O.. Oct. 1. 1912.
BEST RUNNING RECORDS.
^4 mile — :21*4. Bob Wade. 4yrs, Butte. Mont..
Aug. 20. 1890.
2% furlongs— :29%, Nash Cash, 2yrs, 1121bs,
Charleston, S. C., Feb. 5. 1912.
% mile— :33%, Atoka, 6yrs, lOSlbs, Butte, Mont..
Sept. 7. 1906.
3% furlongs— :39, Joe Blair, 5yrs, 1151bs, Jaurez,
Mex., Feb. 6. 1916.
% mile— :46, Geraldine, 4 yrs, 1221bs, straight
course. Morris Park. Aug. 30. 1899.
% mile— :46%, Donau, 2yrs, llolbs, Los Angeles,
Cal March 13, 1909. and Amon, 2yrs, 1151ks.
Juarez, Mex., Feb. 9, 1911.
4% furlongs— 51%. Tanya. 2yrs. 1071bs, Morris
Park, straight course. May 12. 1904.
i furlongs— :56%i. Maid Marian, 4yrs, llllbs, Mor-
ris park, straight course. Oct. 9, 1894.
6% furlongs— 1 :02%. Plater, 2yrs, 1071bs. Morris
park, straight course. Oct. 21. 1902; 1:03%. Iron
Mask, 6yrs. 1501bs. Juarez, Mex.. March 8. 1914.
« furlongs, less 170 feet (Futurity course)— 1:08.
Kingston, aged, 1391bs. Sheepshead Bay. L. I.,
June 22. 1891.
6 furlongs— 1:08. Artful, 2yrs. ISOlbs, Morris park,
straight course. Oct. 15, 1904: 1:09%, Iron Mask.
6yrs. 1151bs. Juarez. Mex., J*n. 4. 1914.
1% furlongs— 1:16%, Lady Vera. 2yrs. 901bs. Bel-
mont park, straight track, Oct. 19. 1906.
% mile— 1:22. Roseben, Byrs. 1261bs, Belmont
park, New York, Oct. 16. 1906.
7% furlongs— 1:31%, Restigouche, Syrs. 1061bs. Bel-
mont park, May 29. 1908.
J mile— 1:34, Sun Briar, at Saratoga, N. Y., Sept.
11. 1918.
1 mile and 20 yds.— 1:39, Froglegs, 4yrs, 1071bs,
Churchill Downs, Ky., May 13, 1913 and Sena-
tor James, 8yrs, lOSlbs, Havana, Cuba, Feb.
15, 1918.
1 mile and 25 yds.— 1:45%. Ruperta, 3yrs, 1071bs,
Latonia. Ky., July 4. 1890. •
1 mile and 50 yards— 1:40%. Vox Populi, 4yrs,
1041bs, Seattle, Wash., Sept. 5, 1918.
1 mile and 70 yards— 1:41%, Pif, Jr., 6yrs, I201bs,
Louisville, Ky., May 29, 1918.
1 mile and 100 yards— 1:44%, Rapid Water, 6yrs,
1141bs, Oakland, Cal., Nov. 30, 1907.
1 1-16 miles— 1:42%. Celesta, 4yrs, lOSlbs, Syra-
cuse, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1914.
1% miles— 1:49%, Borrow, Syrs, 1171bs, Aque-
duct, N. Y., June 25, 1917, and Boots, 6yrs,
1271bs, Aqueduct, N. Y.. June 7, 1917.
1 3-16 miles— 1:56. Cndgel, 4 yrs.. 131 Ibs., at
Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Aug. 16, 1918.
1^4 miles— 1:49%, Boots, 3 yrs.. 127 Ibs., Aque-
duct. July 7, 1917.
1 mile and 500 yards— 2:10%, Swiftwing, 5yrs,
lOOlbs, Latonia, Ky., July 8, 1905.
1 5-16 miles— 2:09%. Ballot, 4yrs. 1261bs. Sheeps-
head Bay. July 1. 1908.
1% miles— 2:17%. Irish Lad. 4yrs. 1261bs. Sheeps-
head Bay, June 25. 1904.
1% mile— 1:29%. Thunderclap, Syrs. lOSlbs.,
Laurel. Md., Oct. 11, 1919.
1% miles— 2:45. Fitz Herbert, Syrs. 122lbs, Sheeps-
head Bay. Jnly 13. 1909: 2:45%. Africander. 3
yrs. 126lbs. Sheepshead Bay, July 7, 1903.
1% miles— 2:57, Major Daingerfield, 4yrs, 1201bs,
Morris park. Oct. 3, 1903.
1% miles— 3:17%. Orcagna, Oakland. Cal., March
2. 1909.
2 miles— 3:25%, Everett, Syrs, 1071bs, Baltimore,
Md., Oct. 31, 1910.
2% miles— 3:42. Joe Murphy. 4yrs. 991bs. Harlem.
Aug. 30. 1894.
2% miles— 3:49, Ethelbert, 4yrs, 1241bs. Brighton
Beach. Aug. 4, 1900.
2% miles— 4:24%. Kyrat. 3yrs, 881bs. Newport
Ky., Nov. 8. 1899.
2% miles— 1:58%. Ten Broeck. 4yrs. HOlbs. Lex-
ington. Ky., Sept. 16, 1876.
2% miles— 4:58%, Hubbard. 4yrs. 1071bs. Saratoga,
Aug. 9, 1873.
8 miles— 5:19. Mamie Algol. Syrs, lOSlbs. City
park, New Orleans, Feb. 16, 1907.
4 miles— 7:1046. Sotemia. 1191bs. Louisville. Ky..
Oct. 7. 1912.
10 miles— 26:18. Mr. Brown. 6yrs. 160lbs. Ranco-
cas. N. J.. March 2. 1880.
Heat Racing.
V4 mile— :21%. :WA. Sleepy Dick. aged. Kiowa.
Kas., Nov. 24, 1888.
% mile— :47%. :47%. Quirt. 3yrs. 1221bs. Vallejo.
Cal.. Oct. 5, 1894; :48. :48. :48. Eclipse. Jr.. 4
yrs., Dallas, Tex., Nov. 1, 1890.
% mile— 1:00. 1:00. Kittie Pease. 4yrs. Dallas.
Tex.. Nov. 2. 1887.
6% furlongs— 1:09, l:08Vi. 1:09. Dock Wick. 4yrs,
lOOlbs. St. Paul. Minn.. Aug. 5. 1891.
% mile— 1:10%. 1:12%. Tom Hayes. 4yrs. 1071bs.
Morris park, straight course, June 17. 1892;
l:13Vi. I:13i4. Lizzie S., Syrs. llSlbs. Louisville.
Ky.. Sept. 28. 18S3.
1 mile— 1:41%. 1:41. Gnido. 4vrs. HTlbs. Washing-
ton park. Jnly 11. 1891; 1:43, 1:44. 1:47%. L'Ar-
gentine. 6yrs. 1151bs. St. Louis, Mo.. June, 1879.
1 1-16 miles— 1:50%. 1:48. Slipalong. 5yrs. llSlbs.
Washington park. Sept. 25. 1SS5.
1% milos— 1:56. 1:54%. Whnt-pr-Lou. Syrs. 1191bs.
San Francisco. Feb. 18. 1899.
114 miles— 2:10. 2:14. Glenmore. Syrs. 144lbs.
Sheepshead Bay, Sept. 25. 1880.
1% miles— 2:41%. 2:41. Patsy Duffy, aged. llSlbs.
Sacramento, Cal., Sept. 17. 1884.
2 miles— 3:33. 3:3lVi. Miss Woodford. 4yrs. 107%
Ibs, Sheepshead Bay, Sept. 20. 1884.
3 miles— 5:27%. 5:29%. Norfolk. 4yrs, lOOlbs. Sac
ramento. Cal.. Sept. 23. 1865.
4 miles— 7:23%. 7:41. Ferida, 4yrs. lOSlbs, Sheeps-
head Bay. Sept. 18. 1880.
Long-Distance Riding.
10 miles — 20:02. Miss Belle Cook. 5 horses, chang-
ing five times. Minneapolis, Minn, Sept. 10.
1882.
20 miles— 40:59. Little Cricket, changing horses
at will. Minnpnpolis. Minn., Sept. 7, 1882.
50 miles— 1:50:03%, Carl Pugh. ton horses, chang-
ing at will, match race. San Bernardino. Cnl..
July 7. 1883. Woman: 2:27:00. Miss Nellie
Bnrke. Galveston. Tex., Feb. 24. 1884.
60 miles— 2:33:00. George Osbaldiston. 11 horses,
Newmarket. England, Nov. 5. 1831.
100 miles— 4:19:40. George Osbaldiston. 16 horses,
as above.
480
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
Illinois.
Oct. 11— Purdue ...
Oct. 18— Iowa
Oct. 25 — Wisconsin
Nov. 1 — Chicago . . .
Nov. 8— Minnesota
Nov. 15— Michigan ..
Nov. 22— Ohio State.
Oct. 4— Wesleyan .
OP. in.
. 7 14
. 7 9
.14 10
. 0 10
. 6 10
FOOTBALL RESULTS IN 1919.
Notre Dame. Op.N.D.
Oct. 4 — Kalamazoo .. 0 14
Oct. 11— Mount Union. 7 60
0 38
Ohio State. op. O.
Oct. 11— Cincinnati .... 0 46
Oct. 18— Kent'cky State 0 49
Oct. 25— Michigran .... 3 13
Nov. 8 — Purdue 0 20
Nov. 15— Wisconsin ... 0 3
Nov. 22— Illinois 9 7
Chicago Op. Chi
Oct. I'l— Great Lakes.. 0 123
Oct. 18— Purdue 0 16
Oct. 25— Northwestern. 0 41
Nov. 1— Illinois 10, 0
Nov. 8— Michigran .... 0 13
Nov.15— Iowa 6 9
Nov. 22— Wisconsin ..10 3
Wisconsin. ^ Wig
Oct. 11— Marquette ... 0 13
Oct. 18 — Northwestern. 6 10
Oct. 25— Illinois 10 14
Nov. 1— Minnesota ...19 7
Nov. 15— Ohio 3 0
Nov. 22— Chicago 3 10
Minnesota. O»JVIinn.
Oct. 4— N. Dakota ..0 39
Oct. 11— Nebraska .... 6 6
Oct. 18— Indiana 6 20
Oct. 25 — Iowa 9 6
Nov. 1— Wisconsin ..7 19
Nov. 8— Illinois 10 6
Nov. 22— Michig-an .... 7 34
Iowa. op Ia
Oct. 4— Nebraska .... 0 18
Oct. 18— Illinois 9 7
Oct. 25— Minnesota ..6 9
Nov. 1— S. Dakota.... 14 26
Nov. 8— Northwestern. 7 14
Nov.15 — Chicago 9 6
Nov. 22— Ames 0 10
Northwestern QP. N.W.
Oct. 11— D^Pauw . ..0/20
Oct. 18— Wisconsin ...10 6
Oct. 25— Chicago 41 0
Nov. 1— Michigan ....16 13
Nov. 8— Iowa 14 7
Nov. 15— Indiana 2 3
Nov. 22 — Rutgers 28 0
Michigan. Qp.Mich.
Oct. 4 — Case 0 34
Oct. 18— Mich. Ags.... 0 26
Oct. 25— Ohio State.... 13 3
Nov. 1— Northwestern. 13 10
Nov. 8 — Chicago 13 0
Nov. 15— Illinois 29 7
Nov. 22— Minnesota ...34 7
Indiana. Op Ind
Sept. 27— Wabash 7 27
Oct. 4 — Center 12 3
Oct. 11— Kent'cky State 0 24
Oct. 18— Minnesota ...20 6
Nov. 1— Notre Dame.. 16 3
Nov. 15— Northwestern 3 2
Nov. 22— Syracuse .... 6 12
Oct. 18— Nebraska .... 9 14
Oct. 25— W. Normal... 0 53
Nov. 1— Indiana ..... 3 16
Nov. 8— Army ........ 9 12
Nov. 15— Mich. Ags.... 0 13
Nov. 22— Purdue ...... 13 33
Nebraska. Op. Neb.
Oct. 4— Iowa ........ 18 0
Oct. 11— Minnesota ... 6 6
Oct. 18— Notre Dame.. 14 9
Oct. 25— Oklahoma ... 7 7
Nov. 1— Ames ......... 3 0
Nov. 8— Missouri ..... 5 12
Nov. 15— Kansas ...... 7 19
Purdue. Op p^.
Oct. 4— Franklin ..... 14 14
Oct. 11— Illinois ....... 14 7
Oct. 18 — Chicago ..... 16 0
Nov. 1— Mich. Ags.... 7 13
Nov. 8— Ohio State.... 20 0
Nov. 15— DePauw ..... 0 24
Nov. 22— Notre Dame.. 33 13
DePauw. OpJDeP.
Oct. 11— Northwe-atern.20 0
Oct. 25— Mich. Ags. ...27 0
Nov. 15— Purdue ...... 24 0
Harvard. Op.Har.
Sept. <2 7— Bates ........ 0 52
Oct. 4— Boston Col... 0 17
Oct. 11— Colby ........ 0 35
Oct. 18— Brown ....... 0 7
Oct. 25— Virginia ..... 0 47
Nov. 1— Springfield Y. 0 20
Nov. 8— Princeton ...10 10
Nov. 15— Tufts ......... 0 23
Nov. 22— Yale ......... 3 10
Op. Yale.
Oct. 4— Springfield Y. 0 20
Oct. 11— N. Carolina... 7 34
Oct. 18 — Boston Col... 5 3
Oct. 25 — Tufts ........ 0 37
Nov. 1— Maryl'nd State 0 31
Nov. 8— Brown ....... 0 14
Nov. 15— Princeton ... 13 6
Nov. 22— Harvard ..... 10 3
Princeton. Op. Pr.
Oct. 4— Trinity ....... 0 28
Oct. 11— Lafayette .... 6 9
Oct. 18— Rochester ... 0 34
Oct. 25-<!olgate ....... 7 0
Nov. 1— W. Virginia.. 25 0
Nov. 8— Harvard ....10 10
Nov. 15— Yale ......... 6 13
Op.Army.
Sept. 27— Middlebury . 0 14
Oct. 11— Syracuse .... 7 3
Oct. 18— Maine ....... 0 6
Oct. 25— Boston Col.. 0 13
Nov. 1— Tufts ........ 13 24
Nov. 8— Notre Dame.. 12 9
Nov. 15— Villa Nova... 0 62
Qp.Navy.
Oct. 4— N. Carolina... 9 49
Oct. 11— Johns Hopkins 0 66
Oct. 25— Bucknell .... 6 21
Nov. 15— Colby ........ 0 121
Brown. Op Br
Sept. 27— R. Island .... 0 27
Oct. 4— Bowdoin 0 7
Oct. ll^Colgate 14 0
Oct. 18— Harvard .... 7 0
Oct. 25— Norwich 0 20
Nov. 1 — Syracuse 13 0
Nov. 8— Yale 14 0
Nov. 15— Dartmouth . 6 7
Syracuse. Op. gyr
Oct. 4— Vermont 0 27
Oct. 11— Army 3 7
Oct. 18— Pittsburgh ... 3 24
Nov. ]— Brown 0 13
Nov. 8— Bucknell 0 9
Nov. 22— Syracuse .... 6 12
Pennsylvania. Qp Pa
Sept. 27— Bucknell .... o' 16
Oct. 11— Delaware .... 0 89
Oct. 25— Lafayette ... 0 23
Nov. 1— Penn. State.. 10 0
Nov. 8 — Dartmouth ..20 19
Nov. 15— Pittsburgh >^ 3 3
Dartmouth. Qp.Dar.
Sept. 27— Springfield ..0 40
Oct. 4— Norwich 0 1»
Oct. 11— Mass. Ags.... 7 27
Oct. 18— Penn. State.. 13 19
Oct. 25— Cornell 0 9
Nov. 1— Colgate 7 7
Nov. 8— Pennsylvania. 19 20
Nov.15 — Brown 7 6
Cornell. Op. Cor.
Oct. 4— Oberlin 0 9
Oct. 11— Williams .... 0 3
Oct. 18--Colgate 21 0
Oct. 25— Dartmouth ..9 0
Nov. 1— Lafayette ....21 2
Nov. 8— Carnegie Tech. 0 20
Nov. 15— Penn. State.. 20 0
Colgate. Qp. Col.
Oct. 11— Brown 0 14
Oct. 18— Cornell 0 21
Oct. 25— Princeton 0
Nov. 1— Dartmouth .. 7
Nov. 8— Rochester ... 0 21
Amherst. Op. Am.
Sept. 27— Bowdoin .... 0 3
Oct. 4— New York.... 0 2
Oct. 11— Union 0 12
Oct. 18— Trinity 7 48
Nov. 8— Wesleyan .... 7 9
Nov. 15— Williams .... 30 0
Bowdoin. Op. Bow.
Sept. 27— Amherst .... 3 0
Oct. 4— Brown 7 0
Oct. 18— Ft. McKinley. 0 73
Nov. 1— Bates 13 14
Williams. Qp Wms.
Oct. 4— Union 0 23
Oct. 11— Cornell 3 0
Oct. 18— Columbia 0 25
Oct. 25— Hamilton ... 0 13
Nov. 1 — Wesleyan ...16 0
Nov. 8— Middlebury ..0 19
Nov. 15— Amherst 0 30
Holy Cross. Op. H.C.
Oct. 4— Army 9 0
Oct. 11— Bowdoin 0 14
Oct. 27— Conn. Ags 0 69
Nov. 8— Colby 0 41
AZMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920. 437
PUGILISM.
Following- is & list of the most noteworthy ring- battles in the United States since 1882. the
heavy weight championship contests being- the first given:
Date. Winner. Loser. Place. Rounds.
Feb. 7, 1882 John L. Sullivan Paddy Ryan Mississippi City 9
July 8. 1889 John L. Sullivan Jake Kilrain Richburg. Miss 75
Jan. 14, 1891 Bob Fitzsimnious Jack Deuipsey New Orleans. La 13
Sept. 7, 1892 James J. Corbett John L. Sullivan New Orleans, La 21
Jan. 25, 1896 James J. Corbett Charles Mitchell Jacksonville, Fla 8
Feb. 21, 1896 Bob Fitzsimmons Peter Maher Mexico 1
March 17, 1897 Bob Fitzsimmons James J. Corbett Carson City, Nev 14
June 9, 1899 James J. Jeffries Bob Fitzsimmons Coney Island, N. Y 11
Nov. 3, 1899 James J. Jeffries Thomas J. Sharkey Coney Island, N. Y 25
Nov. 15, 1901 James J. Jeffries Gus Ruhlin San Francisco, Cal
July 25, 1902 James J. Jeffries Bob Fitzsimmons San Francisco, Cal
Aug. 14, 1903 James J. Jeffries James J. Corbett San Irancisco, Cnl 1
Aug. 26, 1904 James J. Jeffries Jack Monroe San Francisco, Cal
July 4, 1907 Tommy Burns Bill Squires San Francisco, Cal
July 17, 1907 Jack Johnson Bob Fitzsimmons Philadelphia, Pa
Feb. 10. 1908 Tommy Burns Jack Palmer London, England
Dec. 26, 1908 Jack Johnson Tommy Burns Sydney, N. S. W 14
March 26, 1909 Stanley Ketchel Jack O'Brien New York, N. Y 10
July 5, 1909 Stanley Ketchel Billy Papke San Francisco, Cal 20
Sept. 9, 1909 Jack Johnson Al Kaufman San Francisco, Cal 10
Oct. 16, 1909 i Jack Johnson Stanley Ketchel San Francisco, Cal 12
July 4, 1910 Jack Johnson James J. Jeffries Reno, Nev IB
Sept. 5, 1910 Al Kaufman Bill Lang Philadelphia, Pa 6
Feb. 21, 1911 Sam Langford Bill Lang London, England 6
Aug. 9, 1911 Bill Lang Bill Squires Sydney, N. S. W 5
Sept. 15, 1911 Jim Flynn Carl Morris New York. N. Y 10
April 8, 1912 Sam Langford Sam McVey Sydney, N. S. W 20
July 4, 1912 Jack Johnson Jim Flynn Las Vegas, N. M 9
Jan. 1, 1913 Luther McCarty Al Palzer Los Angeles, Cal 18
April 16, 1913 Luther McCarty Jim Flynn Philadelphia, Pa 6
May 24, 1913 Arthur Pelkey *Luther McCarty Calgary. Man 1
Jan. 1, 1914.. "Gunboat" Smith Arthur Pelkey Daly City, Cal.., 16
June 27, 1914 Jack Johnson Frank Moran Paris, France 20
July 16, 1914 Georges Carpentier.... "Gunboat" Smith London, England «
April 5, 1915 Jess Willard Jack Johnson Marianao, Cuba 26
March 25. 1916 Jess Willard Frank Moran New York. N. Y 10
June 4, 1917 Carl Morris Frank Moran New York. N. Y 10
June 19. 1917 Fred Fulton Sam Langford Boston. Mass... 7
July 9. 1917 Fred Fulton Jack Moran St. Louis. Mo 3
Sept. 4. 1917 Fred Fulton Carl Morris Canton. 0 6
Feb. 25. 1918 Jack Dempsey Bill Brennan Milwaukee. Wis 6
May 3. 1918 Jack Dempsey Bill Miske St. Paul. Minn 10
July 27, 1918 Jack Dempsey Fred Fulton Harrison, N. J «... 1
July 4, 1919 Jack Dempsey Jess Willard Toledo, 0 3
ApHl 30, 1901 Terry McGovern Oscar Gardner . San Francisco, Cal 4
May 31, 1901 Terry McGovern Aurelio Herrera San Francisco, Cal 5
Nov. 28. 1901 Young Corbett Terry McGovern Hartford, Conn 2
Feb. 22, 1902 Terry McGovern Dave Sullivan Louisville, Ky 15
May 23, 1902 Young Corbett Kid Broad Denver, Col 10
March 31. 1903 Young Corbett Terry McGovern San Francisco, Cal 11
July 4. 1903 George Gardner Jack Root Buffalo. N. Y 12
Nov. 25, 1903 Bob Fitzsimmons George Gardner San Francisco, Cal 20
Feb. 29, 1904 Young Corbett Dave Sullivan San Francisco, Cal 11
March 25, 1904 Jimmy Britt Young Corbett San Francisco, Cal 20
July 29, 1904 Battling Nelson Eddie Hanlon San Francisco. Cal 19
Feb. 28,1905 Battling Nelson Young Corbett San Francisco, Cal 9
Sept. 9, 1905 Battling Nelson Jimmy Britt Colma. Cal 18
Sept. 3, 1906 Joe Gans Battling Nelson Ooldtield, Nev , 42
Jan. 1, 1907 Joe Gans Kid Herman Tonopah, Nev 8
July 31, 1907 Jimmy Britt Battling Nelson San Francisco, Cal 20
Sept. 9, 1907...... Joe Gans Jimmy Britt San Francisco, Cal 5
Feb. 4, 1908. Rudolph Unholz Battling Nelson Los Angeles, Cal 10
April 11, 1908 Packey McFarland.... Jimmy Britt San Francisco, Cal 6
June 4, 1908 Stanley Ketchel Billy Papke Milwaukee, Wis 10
July 4, 1908 Battling Nelson Joe Gans San Francisco, Cal 17
Sept. 7, 1908 Billy Papke Stanley Ketchel Los Angeles, Cal 12
Sept. 9, 1908 Battling Nelson Joe Gans San Francisco, Cal 21
Jan. 15. 1909 Packey McFarland.... Dick Hyland Sam Francisco, Cal 10
Feb. 19, 1909 Jem Driscoll Abe Attell New York, N. Y 10
Feb. 22, 1909 Johnny Summers Jimmy Britt London, England 20
May 29, 1909 Battling Nelson Dick Hyland San Francisco, Cal 23
Feb. 22. 1910 Ad Wolgast ..Battling Nelson San Francisco, Cal 40
Feb. 26, 1911 Johnny Coulon Frankie Conley New Orleans, La 20
July 4, 1911 Ad Wolgast Owen Moran San Francisco, Cal 13
Sept. 20. 1911 Matt Wells Abe Attell Vow York, N. Y 10
Jan. 11, 1912 Johnny Coulon George Kitson South Bend, Ind S
an. 22, 1912 Johnny Coulon Harry Forbes Kenosha, Wis 3
Feb. 3. 1912 Johnny Coulon Frank Conley Los Angeles, Cal 20
Feb. 14, 1912 Packey McFarland.... Eddie Murphy South Bend, Ind 10
Feb. 18, 1912 Johnny Coulon Frankie Burns New Orleans, La 20
"{. 1912 Johnny Kilbane.. Abe Attell Los Angeles, Cal 20
438
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Date. Winner. Loser. Place. Rounds.
March 15, 1912 Packey McFarland....Kid Burns Kenosha, Wis 8
April 26, 1912 Packey McFarland....Matt Wells New York, N. Y 19
July 4, 1912 Ad Wolgast Joe Rivers Los Angeles, Cal ,...13
Oct. 23, 1912 Billy Papke Georges Carpentier.... Paris, France 17
March 7, 1913 Packey McFarland Jack Britton., New York, N. Y 10
April 19, 1913 T. Murphy Ad Wolgast San Francisco, Cal 20
July 4, 1913 Willie Ritchie Joe Rivers San Francisco, Cal 11
March 12, 1914 Willie Ritchie Ad Wolgast Milwaukee, Wis 10
April 17, 1914 Willie Ritchie Tom Murphy San Francisco, Cal 28
May 26. 1914 Charley White Willie Ritchie Milwaukee, Wis 10
June 9. 1914 Kid Williams Johnny Coulon Los Angeles, Cal 3
July 7, 1914 Freddie Welsh Willie Ritchie London, England 20
Jan. 21, 1915 Mike Gibbons Jimmy Clabby Milwaukee, Wis 10
Feb. 25, 1915 Freddie Welsh Charley White .Milwaukee, Wis 10
March 2, 1915... Mike Gibbons Eddie McGoorty Hudson, Wis 10
March 11. 1915 Willie Ritchie Freddie Welsh New York, N. Y 10
Sept. 10. 1915 tJohnny Ertle Kid Williams St. Paul, Minn 10
Sept. 11, 1915 tPackey McFarland... Mike Gibbons Brighton Beach, N. Y 10
Feb. 7, 1916 $Kid Williams Kid Herman Now Orleans. La 20
April 24, 1916...: Ever Hammer Freddie Welsh Milwaukee, Wis 10
April 24, 1916 Jack Britton. ..< Ted Lewis New Orleans, La 20
Aug. 1, 1916 Johnny O'Leary Ever Hammer Boston, Mass 12
Sept. 4, 1916 Freddie Welsh Charley White Colorado Springs, Col 20
Jan. 16. 1917 tRichie Mitchell Freddie Welsh Milwaukee. Wis 10
April 19, 1917 Benny Leonard Richie Mitchell Milwaukee, Wis 7
May 28. 1917 Benny Leonard Freddie Welsh New York. N. Y 9
July 25, 1917 Benny Leonard Johnny Kilbane Philadelphia, Pa 3
April 2S, 1919 -.... Benny Leonard Willie Ritchie Newark, N. J 8
•Luther McCarty died in the ring- from dislocation of the neck caused by a Wow on th»
jaw. tNo decision. Winners uamed by majority of experts. JFight a draw.
JACK DEMPSET VS. JESS WILLAED.
Time and place— July 4. 1919. at Toledo. O.
Winner and rounds— Jack Dempsey, challenger,
in three rounds.
Loser— Jess Willard. champion heavyweight.
Purse— SI 00.000 to Willard; $27.500 to Demp-
sey; picture rights to be shared by boxers
and Tex Rickard.
Referee— Ollie Pecord. Toledo. O.
Judges— Tex Rickard and Maj. A. J. Biddle.
Attendance— 19.650.
Receipts— $452.522.10.
The conditions of the contest called for
twelve rounds to a decision. Willard was
almost put out in the first round, but was able
to resume. According to Referee Pecord Wil-
lard was knocked down five times before he
grave up as the fourth round was about to
begin. The following table shows age, weight,
height, reach and other details of the men:
Willard. Dempsey.
35 Age 23
243% Weight 197
6 ft. 6 in Height 6 ft. 1% in.
83 in Reach 78 in.
46 in Chest (normal) 42 in.
49% in Chest (expanded) 46 in.
17% in Neck 17 in.
38 in Waist 32 in.'
25 in Thigh 23 in.
17%, in Calf 15 in.
9 in Ankle ......9 in.
16 in Biceps
14 in Forearm
8% in... . Wrist .
.14 in.
.14 in.
,.9 in.
A. E. F. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The winners of championship honors in box-
ing in the American expeditionary force in
France and Germany were determined by the
outcome of the final matches which were
staged in the Cirque de Paris. Paris, France,
April 26. 1919. The following were awarded
the title in various classes:
Featherweight— John Fundy, Pittsburgh. Pa.
Bantamweight— "Babe" Asher. Detroit, Mich.
Lightweight — Leo Patterson, Joplin. Mo.
Welterweight — William Kleck. New Orleans,
La.
Middleweight— John Clark. New York. N. Y.
Light Heavyweight — Eugene Tunny, New York,
Heavyweisrht— Robert Martin. New York. N. Y.
YACHTING.
THE AMERICA'S CUP.
Record of Races.
1851 — Aug. 22. In this, the year of the great exhi-
bition in London, the Royal Yacht Club of Eng-
land offered a cup to the winner of a yacht
race around the Isle of Wight. The course
was 60 miles in length. The race was won by the
schooner yacht America, designed by George
Steers for John C. Stevens of the New York
Yacht club. The America was 94 feet over all.
88 feet on the water line, 22^ feet beam and
11^4 feet draft. There was no time allowance
and the competing yachts ranged in size from
a three-masted 392-ton schooner, the Brilliant,
to the 47-ton cutter the Aurora, which came
in second in the race. The time of the Amer-
ica was 10 hours and 34 minutes: that of the
Aurora was 24 minutes slower. The cup after
that became known as the America's cup and
has now been successfully defended for sixty-
right years.
1870— Aug. 8. New York Yacht club course;
Magic. 3:58:21: Cambria. 4:37:38.
1871— Oct. 16, New York Yacht club course: Co-
lumbia. 6:19:41: Livonia. 6:46:45. Oct. 18, 20
miles to windward off Sandy Hook and return i
Columbia, 3:07:41%; Livonia. 3:18:15%. Colum-
bia disabled in third race Oct. 19. Oct. 21. 20
miles to windward off Sandy Hook and return:
Sappho. 5:39:02; Livonia. 6:09:23. Oct. 23. New
York Yacht club course: Sappho. 4:16:17; Li-
vonia. 5:11:55.
1876— Aug. 11, New York Yacht club course:
Madeleine, 5:23:54; Countess of Dufferin, 5:34:53,
Aug. 12, 20 miles to windward off Sandy Hook
and return: Madeleine, 7:18:46; Countess of
Dufferin, 7:46:00.
1881— Nov. 9. New York Yacht club course: Mis-
chief. 4:17:00; Atalanta. 4:45:391xl. Nov. 10. 16
miles to leeward off Sandy Hook and return;
Mischief, 4:54:53; Atalanta. 5:33:47.
1885— Sept. 14. New York Yacht club course!
Puritan. 6:06:05; Genesta. 6:22:24. Sept. 16. 20
miles to leeward off Sandy Hook light and re-
turn: Puritan, 5:03:14; Genesta. 5:04:52.
1886— Sept. 9, New York Yacht club course: May-
flower. 5:26:41; Galatea. 5:38:43. Sept. 11, 20
miles to leeward off Sandy Hook light and re-
turn: Mayflower, 6:49:10: Galatea. 7:18:09.
1887— Sept. 27, New York Yncht club course: Vol-
unteer. 4:53:18; Thistle. 5:12:41%. Sept. 30. 20
miles to windward off Scotland light and re-
turn: Volunteer. 5:42:5614; Thistle, 5:54:45.
1893— Oct. 7. 15 miles to windward off Sandy
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
439
Hook light and return: Vigilant. 4:05:47: Val-
kyrie. 4:11:35. Oct. 9, triangular 30-mile course,
first leg to windward: Vigilant. 3:25:01: Val-
kyrie. 3:35:36. Oct. 13. 15 miles to windward off
Sandy Hook light an* return: Vigilant, 3:24:39;
Valkyrie. 3:25:19.
1895— Sept. 7, 15 miles to windward and return,
east by south off Point Seabright, N. J.: De-
fender. 4:57:55: Valkyrie III.. 5:08:44. Sept. 11.
triangular course. 10 miles to each leg: Val-
kyrie III.. 3:55:09; Defender. 3:55:56; won by
Defender on a foal. Sept. 13 Defender sailed
over the course and claimed cup and race;
claim allowed.
1899— Oct. 16, 15 miles to windward and return,
off Sandy Hook: Columbia. 4:53:53; Shamrock.
5:04:07. Oct. 17, triangular course. 10 miles to
a leg: Columbia. 3:37:00; Shamrock snapped its
topmast. Oct. 20, 15 miles to leeward and re-
turn: Columbia. 3:38:09: Shamrock, 3:43:26.
1901 — Sept. 28, 15 miles to windward "and return,
off Sandy Hook: Columbia, 4:30:24; Shamrock
II., 4:31:44. Oct. 3. triangular course: Colum-
bia. 3:12:35; Shamrock II.. 3:16:10. Oct. 4. 15
miles to leeward and neturn; Columbia. 4:32:57;
Shamrock II., 4:33:38.
1903 — Aug. 22, 15 miles to leeward and return, off
Sandy Hook: Reliance, 3:31:17; Shamrock III..
3:41:17. Aug. 25. triangular course, 10 miles to
leg: Reliance, 3:14:54; Shamrock III.. 3:18:10.
Sept. 3, 15 miles to windwnrd and return: Re-
liance. 4:28:04; Shamrock III. did not finish.
Owing: mainly to a disagreement as to the
proper size of the competing1 yachts no races
were arranged after 1903 until 1913. when
an agreement was reached, between the New
York Yacht club and the Royal Ulster club
to hold a race in 1914. Sir Thomas Lipton
sent over the Shamrock IV. as challenger for
the cup, but the great war in Europe put a
stop to all further proceeding's until Oct. 5.
1919, when Sir Thomas renewed the challenge
for a race in 1920. which it was then thought
would be -accepted by the New York Yacht
club.
THE LIPTON CUP.
Record of Winners.
1902— La Rita, Chicago.
1909— Spray, Chicago.
1910— Spray», Chicago.
1911— Columbia, Chicago.
1912— Susan II., Chicago.
1913— Susan II., Chicago.
1914, 1915. 1916, no race.
1917— Mebleh, Cleveland.
1918— No race.
la!9— Sari, Chicago.
Time.
.1:45:50
.1:49:03
1903— La Rita, Chicago.
1904— Ste.Claire, Detroit.
IPOfi— ste.Claire, Detroit.
1905— Cherry Circle,
Chicago.
1907— Cherry Circle,
Chicago.
1908— Chicago, Chicago.
THE LIPTON TROPHY.
Record of Winners.
Winner. Time. I Winner.
1910— Valmore ....3:24:10 I 1913— Polaris
1911— Valmore ....2:35:28 I 1914— Valiant
1912— Michicago... 2:45:05 I 1315-1919— No races.
SIR JOHN NUTTING CUP.
Record of Winners.
1906— Pequod. 1912— Invader.
1907 — Pequod. 1913 — No race.
1908— No race. 1914— No race.
1909— Sand Dab. 1915— Banshee.
1910— Invader. 1916— Banshee.
1911— Invader. I3l7-l9i9— No races.
MACKINAC CUP RACE.
The Chicago Yacht club suspended racing in 1917
and 1918 on account of war and, did not renew it
in 1919. Winners of the Mackinac race to date:
1904— Vencedor.
1905— Mistral.
1906— Vanadis.
1907— Vencedor.
1908— Valmore.
1909— Valmore.
1910— Valmore.
*To 1'etuskey. Mich.
The best record to Mackinac island, 28:21:51 for
the 331 miles, was made by the Mavourneen in
1911.
1911— Mavourneen.
1912— Polaris.
1913— Olympian.*
1914— Olympian.
1915— Leda.
) 916— Intrepid.
1*17-1919— No races.
4:53:02
TRISTATE RACE WINNERS.
1912— Michicago. I 1915— Josephine.
1913— Michicago. 1916— Aiiuieuk.
1914r-No race. 1 1917-1919— No races
MICHIGAN CITY RACE.
Aug. 30, 1919.
25 Foot Sloops and Small Yawls.
Start 10 A. M.
Name. Clubs. Finish. Elapsed. Corrected.
Diamond ...L.P. 2:42:47 4:42:47 3:46:47
Dolphson ..L.P. 3:28:49 5:28:40 4:54:52
Quest L.P Disabled
SO Foot Sloops and 35 Foot Yawls.
Start lO.-JfS A. M.
Valkyrie ....J.P. 3:12:16 5:07:16
Chaperon ...J.P. 3:24:05 5:19:05
Pilot J.P
St. Claire. ..LJP
Neogra J.P. 2:58:02
Omoo J.P. 3:06:38
21 Foot Raceabout Class.
Invader . . . .L.P
Lipton Class. Start,
Edith n. ...J.P. 2:41:35
Spray J.P. 2:43:16 ,
Cherry J.P Disabled
35 Foot Sloops. Start, 10:20 A. M.
Larikin ....L.P. 2:43:36 4:23:36 4:15:53
Intrepid ....J.P. 2:44:03 4:24:03 4:23:03
Illinois L.P. 3:01:25 4:41:25 4:30:04
Prairie J.P Disabled
INTERLAKE YACHTING ASSOCIATION.
Class winners for sailing1 season at Put-in-
Bay, O.. ending1 July 18, 1919:
Class Q— Arvia, Buffalo Yacht club. Class F —
Camille, Detroit Country club. Yawls— June.
Detroit Boat club. Class J — Spook. Cleveland
Yacht club. Star class— Shadow, Toledo Yacht
club. Privately owned catboats— Tifco, Toledo
Yacht club. Class R— Mebleh. Cleveland Yacht
club.
LINCOLN PARK T. C. OPEN REGATTA.
Sept. 13, 1919.
20 Foot Sloops. Start 2:00.
Name. Clubs. Finish. Elapsed. Corrected.
Diamond ...L.P. 3:49:00
Hondhon .Chgo. ,4:23:00
4:32:25
4:50:14
Disabled
Disabled
4 :44 :14
5:01:38 Disq'fled
Start 10:10 A. M.
Disabled
10:15 A. M.
4:26:35 3:55:14
4:28:16 3:57:21
1:49:00 1:34:11
2:23:00 2:23:00
.un . v/u&u* rr .^o iw -- - - -
Yawls and Schooners. Start 2:05.
Omoo J.P. 4:08:50 2:03:50 1:59:41
Dolphin ....L.P. 4:20:00 2:15:00 2:06:01
Raceabouts. Start 2:10.
Invader ....L.P. 3:49:20 1:39:20
Rival L.P. 3:54:25 1:44:25 3
21 Foot Cabin Class. Start 2:15.
Edith n J.P. 3:53:40 1:38:40 1:30:09
Spray J.P. 3:59:07 1:44:07 1:35:56
SO Foot Sloops. Start 2:15.
Mildred II.. J.P. 3:52:10 1:37:10
Chaperon, ..J.P. 3:53:00 1:38:00
Sari L.P. 4:04:40 1:49:40
Valkyrie ....J.P. 4:08:02 1:53:02
35 Foot Sloops. Start 2:20.
Intrepid ....J.P. 3:54:40 1:34:40
Illinois L.P. 3:56:40 1:36:40
Larikin Col. 3:58:40 1:38:40
1:27:23
1 :31 :38
1 :28 :25
1 :30 :54
1:39:07
1:43:49
Mavourneen J.P. 4:06:45 1:46:45
1 :34 :40
1:33:40
1:36:35
1 :45 :33
ROWING.
HARVARD- YALE RACES.
University Eights. Loser's
Year. Winner. Time. time.
1876— Yale 22:02 22:33
1877— Harvard 24:36 24:44
1878— Harvard 20:44% 21:29
1879— Harvard 22:15 23:58
1880— Yale 24:27 25:09
1881-- Yale 22:13 22:19
1882— Harvard 20:47 20:50^
1883— Harvard 24:26 25:59
1884— Yale 20:31 20:46
1885— Harvard 25:15^ 26:30
440
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Loser's
Year. Winner. Time. time.
1886— Yale 20:41% 21:05%
1887— Yale 22:56 23:14%
1888— Yale 20:10 21:24
1889— Yale 21:30 21:55
1890— Yale 21:29 21:40
1891— Harvard 21:23 21:57
1892— Yale 20:48 21:40
1893— Yale 25:01% 25:15
1894— Yale 22:47 24:40
1895— Yale 21:30 25:15
1899— Harvard 20:52% 21:13
1900— Yale 21:12% 21:37%
1901— Yale 23:37 23:45
1902— Yale 20:20 20:33
1903— Yale * 20:19% 20:29%
1904— Yale 21:40% 22:10
1905— Yale 22:33% 22:36
1906— Harvard 23:02 23:11
1907— Yale 21:10 21:13
1908— Harvard 24:10 *
1909— Harvard 21:50 22:10
1910— Harvard 20:46% 21:04
1911— Harvard 22:44 23:40
1912— Harvard 21:43% 22:04
1913— Harvard 21:42 22:20
1914— Yale 21:16 21:16%
1915-Yale 20:52 .21:13%
1916— Harvard 20:02 20:17
1917 — No racing on account of war.
1918— Harvard! 10:58 11:04
1919— Yale -...21:42% 21:47%
•Time not taken. Yale stroke onr collapsed nt
end of 2% miles. tWartime substitute race on
2-mile course on the Housatonic river near New
Haven. Conn. t
Of the above races the first two were rowed on
the Springfield (Mass.) course and the remainder
(except the 1918 race) on the New London course,
which is four miles straightaway. There were
no dual races in 1896. 1897 and 1898. The Har-
vard-Yale frt-shman and junior varsity races are
rowed at the same time and place as the eight
oared races.
Harvard-Tale Freshman Eights.
Two miles. Loser's
Year. Winner. Time. time.
1901— Yale 10:37% 10:58
1902— Dead heat 10:13 10:13
1903— Yale 9:43% 9:48%
1904— Yale 10:20 10:20%
1905— Harvard 9:59 10:04
3906— Yale 10:39% 10:41
1907— Harvard 11:15 11:19
1908— Harvard 9:38% 9:47%
1909— Harvard 11:32 12:09
1910— Harvard 11:54% 12:02
1911— Yale 11:53 11:59%
1912— Harvard 10:52 10:54%
1913— Harvard 10:41 10:45
1914— Harvard i 11:49 12:04
1915— Yale (1% miles) 8:06 8:10
1916— Harvard 10:36% 10:39
1917 and 1918 — No racing on account of war.
1919— Harvard 10:36 10:37%
Harvard-Tale Junior Eights.
Two miles. Loser's
Year. Winner. Time. time.
1901— Harvard 11:49VR 12:02%
1902— Harvard 11:19% 11:25%
1903— Yale 10:59% 11:10%
1904— Harvard 12:12 12:15
1905— Harvard 11:22 11:27
1906— Yale 12:15 12:21
1907— Yale 12:33 13:15
1908— Yale 10:33% 10:43
1909— Harvard 13:14 13:23
1910— Harvard 13:02% 13:18
1911— Harvard 13:37% 13:52
1912— Harvard 11:24 11:55
1913— Harvard . 11:52 12:11
1914— Harvard 11:34 12«:02
1915— Yale 10:40 10:43
1916— Harvard 10:25 10:27
1917 nnd 1918— No racing on account of war.
1919— Harvard 10:40% 10:41%
INTERUNIVERSITY RACES.
University Eight Oared.
In 1898 the race took place on Saratoga lake
over a three mile course: the other contests
were on the four mile course at Poughkeepsie.
June 26. 1896— (1) Cornell. 19:59: (2) Harvard.
20:08: (3) Pennsylvania. 20:18: (4) Columbia.
21:25.
July 2. 1898— (1) Pennsylvania. 15:51%; (2) Cor-
nell. 16:06: (3) Wisconsin. 16:10: (4) Columbia.
June 27. 1899— (1) Pennsylvania. 20:04: (2) Wis-
consin. 20:05%: (3) Cornell. 20:13: (4) Colum-
bia. 20:20.
June 30. 1900— (1) Pennsylvania. 19:44%; (2) Wis-
consin. 19:46%: (3) Cornell. 20:04%: (4) Colum-
bia. 20:08%: (5) Georgetown. 20:19%.
Jul/ 2. W°l-(l) Cornell. 18:53%; (2) Columbia.
18:58: (3) Wisconsin. 19:06%; (4) Georgetown.
19:21; (5) Syracuse, distanced: (6) Pennsyl-
vania, distanced.
June 21. 1902— (1) Cornell. 19:05%: (2) Wisconein.
19:13%; (3) Columbia. 19:is-^; (4) Pennsylvania.
19:26; (5) Syracuse. 19:31%; (6) Georgetown.
19:32.
June 26. 1903— (1) Cornell. 18:57; (2) Georgetown.
\l:ZJL <3) Wisconsin. 19:29%: (4) Pennsylvania.
19-54 Syracuse. 19:36%; (6) Columbia.
June 28. 1904— (1) Syracuse. 20:22%: (2) Cornell.
20:31%; (3) Pennsylvania. 20:32%; (4) Columbia.
20:45%; (5) Georgetown. 20:52%; (6) Wisconsin.
June 28.' 1905— (1) Cornell. 20:29%; (2) Svracuse.
21:47%: (3) Georgetown. 21:49: (4) Columbia
8in5322-06% PeDDSylvania- 21:59%! (6) Wisconl
June' 23.' 1906— (1) Cornell. 19:36%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 19:43%; (3) Syracuse. 19:45%: (4) Wis-
consin. 20:13%: (5) Columbia. 20:18%; (6)
Georgetown. 20:35.
June 26. 1907— (1) Cornell. 20:02%; (2) Columbia.
20:04: (3) Navy. 20:13%; (4) Pennsylvania!
20:33%: (5) Wisconsin (no time): (6) George-
town (no time); (7) Syracuse (shell snnk).
June 27. 1908— (1) Syracuse. 19:34%; (2) Columbia
19:35%: (3) Cornell. 19:39: (4) Pennsylvania.
19:52%; (5) Wisconsin. 20:00%.
July 2. 1909— (l) Cornell. 19:02; (2) Columbia
19:04%; (3) Syracuse. 19:15%; (4) Wisconsin.
19:24%; (5) Pennsylvania. 19:32%.
June 26. 1910— (1) Cornell. 20:42%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 20:44%; (31 Columbia. 20:54%; (4) Syra-
cuse. 21:13: (5) Wisconsin 21:15%
June 27. 1911— (l) Cornell. 20:10%; (2) Columbia
20:16%; (3) Pennsylvania. 20:33; (4) Wisconsin'
20:34; (5) Syracuse. 21:03%.
June 29. 1912— (1) Cornell. 19:21%; (2) Wisconsin.
19:25: (3) Columbia. 19:41%: (4) Syracuse 19:47:
(5) Pennsylvania. 19:55; (6) Stanford. 20:25.
June 21. 1913— (1) Syracuse. 19:28%: (2> Cornell.
19:31: (3) Washington. 19:33: (4) Wisconsin
19:36: (5) Columbia. 19:38%; (6) Pennsylvania.
June 26."l9l4— (1) Columbia. 19:37%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 19:41; (3) Cornell, 19:44^: (4) Syracuse.
19:59%; (5) Washington. 20:01%: (6) Wiscon-
sin. 20:20.
Jnne 28. 1915— m Cornell. 20:36%; (2) Leland
Stanford. 20:37%; (3) Syracuse. 20:43%; (4)
Columbia. 21:00; (5) Pennsylvania. 21:10%.
June 17. 1916— fl) Syracuse. 20:15%: (2) Cornell.
20:22%; (3) Columbia, 20:41%; (4) Pennsylva-
nia, 20:52%.
1917, 1918 and 1919— No races.
Four Oared P""e8.
Poughkeepsie course, two miles.
July 2. 1901— (I) Cornell. 11:39%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 11:45%: (3) Columbia. 11:51%.
Tnne 21. 1902— (1) Cornell. 10:43%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 10:54%: (3) Columbia. 11:08.
June 26. 1903— (1) Cornell. 10:34: (2) Pennsylvania.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
441
10:35%; (3) Wisconsin. 10:55%; (4) Columbia.
June^S. 1904— (1) Cornell. 10:53%: (2) Colombia.
11-12%: (3) Pennsylvania. 11:15%: (4) Wiscon-
sin, 11:18%: (5) Georgetown. 11:34%.
June 28. 1905— (1) Syracuse. 10:15%: (2) Cornell.
10:17%; (3) Pennsylvania. 10:33%: vi) Colum-
bia io'to: (5) Wisconsin. 10:52.
June' 28. 1906— (1) Cornoll. 10:34: (2) Syracuse.
10:48%: (3) Columbia. 10:55%: (4) Pennsylvania.
June°626.' 1907— (1) Syracuse. 10:37ys: (2) Cornell.
10:40; (3) Pennsylvania. 10:49; (4) Columbia.
10:59%.
June 27. 1908— (1) Syracuse. 10:52%: (2) Columbia.
11:06%; (3) Pennsylvania (disqualified for foul).
10:57%. (Cornell did not finish.)
July 2. 1909 — (1) Cornell. 10:01: (2) Syracuse.
10:10: (3) Columbia, 10:12: (4) Pennsylvania.
10:27.
.
June 26. 1910— (1) Cornell. 11:37%: (2) Syracuse.
. ll:48lf.; (4)
19-92
"
.
11:43%: (3) Columbia.
Pennsylvania.
June 2"?. 1911— (1) Cornell: (2) Syracuse: (3) Co-
lumbia: (4) Pennsylvania. No official time
June 29*. 1912— (1) Cornell. 10:34y5; (2) Columbia,
10:41%: (3) Syracuse. 10:58%: (4) Pennsylvania.
11:23%.
June 21. 1913— (1) Cornoll. 10:47%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 10:52%: (3) Columbia. 10:54%: (4) Wis-
consin. 10:58%: (5) Washington. 12:08%; (6)
Syracuse (no time taken).
June 26. 1914— (1) Cornell. 11:15%: (2) Columbia.
11:25%: (3) Pennsylvania. 11:33%: (4) Syracuse.
11 *5o4^
(Four" oared event discontinued after 1914.)
Junior Elahts.
Poughkeepsie course, two miles.
June 28, 1913— (1) Cornell. 10:00y5; (2) Pennsyl-
vania, 10:05, (3) Columbia, 10:07%.
June 17, 1916— (11 Syracuse, Il:15y2; (2) Cornell,
11:20; (3) Columbia, 11:21; (4) Pennsylvania,
12:06%.
1917, 1918 and 1919— No races.
University Freshman Eiahts.
Poughkeepsie course, two miles.
June 30, 1900— (1) Wisconsin, 9:45%; (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 9:54%; (3) Cornell. 9:55%; (4) Columbia.
10:08.
July 2, 1901— (1) Pennsylvania. 10:20%; (2) Cor-
nell. 10:23: (3) Columbia. 10:36ys: (4) Syracuse.
10:44.
June 21. 1902— (1) Cornell. 9:34%; (2) Wisconsin.
9:42%; (3) Columbia. 9:49: (4) Syracuse. 9:53;
(5) Pennsylvania. 10:05.
June 26. 1903— (1) Cornell. 9:18: (2) Syracuse.
9:22%: (3) Wisconsin. 9:32; (4) Columbia. 9:41:
(5) Pennsylvania. 9:45.
June 28. 1904— (1) Syracuse. 10:01: (2) Cornell.
10:12%: (3) Pennsylvania. 10:18%; (4-) Columbia.
10:28V£.
June 28. 1905— (1) Cornell. 9:35%; (2) Syracuse.
9:49: (3) Columbia. 9:53: (4) Pennsylvania.
9:58%.
June 23. 1906— (1) Syracuse. 9:51%; (2) Cornell.
9:55: (3) Wisconsin. 9:55%; (4) Columbia. 10:C7%:
(5) Pennsylvania. 10:13%.
June 26. 1907— (1) Wisconsin, 9:58; (2) Syracuse.
10:03: (3) Pennsylvania. 10:04: (4) Columbia.
10:05%; (5) Cornell, 10:07%.
June 27. 1908— (1) Cornell. 9:29%: (2) Syracuse.
9:38%: (3) Columbia. 9:43: (4) Wisconsin. 9:55%:
(5) Pennsylvania. 10:42.
July 2. 1909— (1) Cornell. 9:07%; (2) Syracuse.
9:14%; (3) Pennsylvania. 9:21: (4) Wisconsin.
9:22%: (5) Columbia. 9:26.
June 26. 1910— (1) Cornell. 10:40%: (2) Columbia.
10:53%; (3) Syracuse. 10:53%: (4) Pennsylvania.
11:00%: (5) Wisconsin 11:15%.
June 27. 1911— (1) Columbia. 10:13%: (2) Cornell.
10:20%: (3) Syracuse. 10:23%: (4) Pennsylvania.
10:24%: (5) Wisconsin. 10:38.
June 29. 1912— (1) Cornell. 9:31%: (2) Wisconsin.
9:35%; (3) Syracuse. 9:42%; (4) Pennsylvania,
9:46%: (5) Columbia. 9:47.'
June 21, 1913— (1) Cornell, 10:04% ; (2) Wisconsin,
10:07%: (3) Syracuse. 10:14%: (4) Pennsylvania.
10:25%: (5) Columbia. 10:29.
June 26. 1914— (1) Cornell. 10:26: (2) Syracuse.
10:50y5; (3) Pennsylvania. 10:50%; (4) Columbia.
10:56%: (5) Wisconsin. 10:59.
June 28, 1915— (1) Syracuse, 9:29%; (2) Cornell,
9:43; (3) Columbia, 9:47%; (4) Pennsylvania,
10:01%.
June 19, 1916— (1) Cornell. 11:05%; (2» Syracuse.
11:15%; (3) Pennsylvania, Il:16y5; (4) Colum-
bia, 11:29%.
1915-1916-1917-1918-1919— No races.
OXFORD-CAMBRIDGE RECORD.
Course from Putney to Mortlake, London.
Year. Winner. Time.
1S80 Oxford 21:23
1S81 Oxford ...21:51
1882 Oxford ...20:12
1883 Oxford 21:08
1884 Cambridee 21:39
1885 Oxford ...21:36
1886 Cambridge 22:29\4
1887 Cambridee 20:52
1888 Cambridee 20:48
1889 Cambridge 20:14
1890 Oxford 22:05
Oxford 21:4&
1892 Oxford
1893 Oxford
1894 Oxford
1895 Oxford
1896 Oxford
1897
19:21
1S:4T
21:39
20:50
20:01
Oxford 19:12
Oxford 22*15
1899........ ....... Cambridge ..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. "!21:04
1900 Cambridge 18:4T
1901 O ford 22:31
1902 (March 22)...
1903 ( April 1)
1904 (March 25)...
1905 (April 1)
1906 (April?)
1907 (March 16)...
1908 (April 4)
1909 (April 3)
1910 (March 23)...
1911 (April 1)
1912 (April 1)
1913 (March 13)..,
1914 (March 28)... Cambridge
Cambridge 19:09
Cambridge 19:32V4
Cambridge 21:36
. Oxford 20:35
Cambridge 19:25
Cambridge 20:26
Cambridge 19:19
. Oxford *. 19:50
. Oxford 20:14
. Oxford 18:29
.. Oxford ...22:05
Oxford 20:53
20:23
1915-1919— No races.
NOTE — The race of 1914 was the seventy-first
In the history of the event. The first contest
took place in 1845.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION REGATTA.
The forty-fifth annual regatta of the Na-
tional Association of Amateur Oarsmen took
place on Lake Quinsigamond at Worcester,
Mass.. Aug. 2. 3, 1919. with the following- re-
sults:
Intermediate single sculls— Won by Robert Dun-
can. Potomac B. C., Washington. D. C. No
time taken.
Association senior single sculls — Won by Paul
Costello. Vesper B. C.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Time. 7:39.
Senior single shells, quarter mile dash — Won
by J. B. Kelly, Vesper B. C. Time, <1 :15%.
Invitation eight oared shells— Won by Norton
Co. No. 2. Worcester, Mass. Time. 6:25.
Senior international four oared shells— Won by
Duluth B. C.. Duluth, ?Iinn. Time not
taken.
Canoe club fours, double blades — Won by
Washington Canoe club. Washington, D. C.
Time not taken.
Intermediate four oared shells— Won by Du-
luth B. C. (Only one starter).
Intermediate eight oared shells— Won by Du-
luth B. C. Time. 6:15.
Canoe club fours, single blades — Won by Wash-
ington C. C. (No time taken).
Senior eight oared shells— Won by Duluth B. C.
Time. 6:26.
Junior eight oared shells— Won by Duluth B. C.
Time. 6:35.
442
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Senior quadruple sculls — Won by New York
Aquatic club. Time, 6 :52%.
Championship senior single sculls — Won by
John B. Kelly. Vesper B. C. Time. 7:35.
Special four oared gigs for men who had been
in service— Won by Union B. C., New York.
Time. 7:41.
Senior double sculls — Won by Riverside B. C.,
Cambridge, Mass. Time. 7:45.
Senior four oared shells — Won by Century B. C.,
St. Louis. Mo. Time. 6:56.
Intermediate double sculls — Won by Duluth
B. C. Time. 7:27.
Duluth was awarded the Julius Barnes trophy
emblematic of the association championship.
AMERICAN ROWING ASS'N REGATTA.
The fifteenth annual regatta of the American
Rowing1 association took place at Philadelphia,
Pa., on the 1 mile 550 yard straightaway
course on the Schuylkill river May 31, 1919.
Summary:
Freshman eight oared race — Won by Syracuse:
Yale, second: Annapolis (navy) disqualified.
Time. 6:49.
Special eight oared shells (150 pound crew) —
Annapolis, first; Pennsylvania, second. Time,
7 :02%.
Eig-ht oared shells— Annapolis, first: Pennsyl-
vania, second. Time. 6:35.
Junior varsity collegiate eight oared shells —
Annapolis, first: Princeton, second: Syracuse,
third. Time. 6:43%.
Senior double sculls — Vesper Boat club. Phil-
adelphia, first; Nonpareil Rowing1 club, New
York, second. Time. 7:57%.
NORTHWEST INTERNATIONAL REGATTA.
The annual Northwest International rowing
reg-atta took place at Duluth. Minn., with the
following1 results:
Junior singles— Duluth Boat club, first: Ban-
dette. second: Lincoln Park, Chicago, third.
Time. 9:07.
Senior double's — Duluth Boat club, first; Spring-
field. 111., second: only two starters. Time,
9:06.
Junior eight— Duluth Boat club, first, second,
third, fourth: Lincoln Park. Chicago, fifth:
Springfield. 111., sixth. Time. 7:58.
Senior single scull— Hoover. Duluth. first: B.
Bresnahan. Springfield, second.
Junior double sculls— Duluth crew No. 1. first;
Duluth crew No. 2,. second; Lincoln Park,
Chicago, dropped out.
Lanstreak four — Thunder Bay Rowing club.
Fort William, first: Minnesota Boat club,
St. Paul, second. Time. 4:08.
Four oared shell — Duluth No. 1. first: Duluth
No. 2. second: Lincoln Park. Chicago.
scratched.
Battle royal— Won by Lincoln Park. Chicago.
ARMY REGATTA ON THE SEINE.
Half a million spectators witnessed a regatta
on the Seine river. Paris, France. April 27.
1919, between soldier crews. Six teams of
eights were entered and the leaders in the first
two heats took part in the final. In the first
heat the French team finished first. Newfound-
land second and Portugal third. In the sec-
ond New Zealand finished first, America sec-
ond and Alsace-Lorraine third. The distance
rowed was about one mile and a half, from
the Font Royal to the Alma bridge. The N°w
Zealanders nosed out the Americans in a heart
breaking sprint in the last fifty yards of the
final. The Newfoundland and French crews
were distanced.
REGATTA AT ANNAPOLIS.
The varsity and freshman crews of the
United States naval academy. Harvard and
Princeton engaged in a regatta over a course
of 1 7-8 miles on the Severn river at An-
napolis, Md.. April 19. The navy won both
contests with ease. The Navy varsity finished
nearly fourteen lengths ahead of the Crimson,
with Princeton three lengths behind Harvard.
In the freshman event the Navy plebes crossed
the finish line eight lengths ahead of Harvard
and nearly ten lengths ahead of the Princeton
freshmen. The time of the crews at the finish
was as follows: Varsity, Navy. 10:51%: Har-
vard. 11:31; Princeton. 11:41. Freshmen.
Navy plebes. 11:24; Harvard, 11:49: Prince-
ton. 11:54.
ANNAPOLIS VS. PENNSYLVANIA.
Three boat races between crews representing-
the United States naval academy and the
University of Pennsylvania were rowed on the
Henley course of 1 5-16 miles on the Severn
river at Annapolis, Md.. April 12. 1919. The
Navy's first crew defeated the Pennsylvania
eight, the time of the winners being 7:17 and
of the losers 7:34. The navy plebe crew de-
feated the Pennsylvania freshmen by covering
the course in 7:35 to 7:52 by the freshmen.
The Pennsylvania second crew defeated the
Navy second crew in a close race. Time.
Pennsylvania. 7:35: Navy, 7:39.
ANNAPOLIS VS. SYRACUSE.
The navy academy varsity and plebe eights
defeated the Syracuse varsity and freshman
rights over a mile course at Annapolis, Md.,
May 3. Time. Navy, 12:44; Syracuse. 13:30.
Navy plebes. 13:11; Syracuse freshmen, 13:23.
PACIFIC COAST UNIVERSITY RACES.
In a triangular boat race over a three-mile
course at Oakland. Cal., May 3. 1919. the Uni-
versity of Washington eight defeated the Cali-
fornia and Stanford university crews by a few
feet. Time. Washington, 16:44: California.
16:45: Stanford. 17:44. The University of
California freshman crew won the annual two
mile triangular race in 11:41%.
PENNSYLVANIA VS. YALE.
The Pennsylvania varsity crew defeated Yale
on the Housatonic river at Derby, Conn., April
19. 1919. Time. Pennsylvania. 6:20%: Yale.
6:31%. In the race between the junior eights
of the same universities Yale won in 6:27% to
Pennsylvania's 6:30%. The Henley distance of
1 5-16 miles was rowed.
YALE VS. PRINCETON.
In a dual regatta over a two-mile course on
the Housatonic river at Derby, Conn.. May 3.
1919. the Yale varsity eight defeated Prince-
ton. Both crews broke the record for the
course. Yale's time was 10:16%, Princeton's
10:20%. It was the first victory for a Yale
varsity crew on the Housatonic. In the fresh-
man race the Tigers won from Yale by a
quarter of a length. The time was: Prince-
ton. 10:34: Yale. 10:35.
CORNELL VS. PRINCETON.
Cornell crews defeated Princeton eights in
varsity and freshman races on Cayuga lake at
Ithaca. N. Y.. May 24, 1919. In the varsity
race Cornell's time was 10:37 and Princeton's
10:45. In the freshman race Cornell's time
was 10:47 and Princeton's. 11:01.
HARVARD VS. YALE (JUNIOR CLASSES) .
Harvard's junior class crew defeated Yale's
junior class eight in the annual spring regatta
on New Haven harbor. May 24. 1919. winning
by ten lengths in 7:50. The race was over a
course of 1 mile and 550 yards. The Yale
second varsity crew won from the first fresh-
man crew by one length in 7:15.
CHILDS CUP RACE.
The University of Pennsylvania eight won
the Childs cup race on Lake Carnegie at
Princeton. N. J.. May 17. 1919. with Prince-
ton second and Columbia third. Pennsylvania's
time for the mile and seven-sixteenths was
9:25 and Princeton's 9:41. No time was
given for Columbia.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
443
•ENGLISH HENLEY REGATTA.
(1 mile 550 yards.)
In the English Henley regatta. July 2-5. 1919.
the King's cup was won by the Australian
army crew from the Oxford crew by a length
in 7:07. The Leander cup, for which the
contenders in the final were Leander and the
American army crew fours, was won by the
former in 7 :45. In the university eights
event Cambridge defeated Oxford in 7:21.
The Fawley cup was won by the Thames
Rowing- club, the Elsenham cup by Shrews-
bury, the Temple cup by Caius college, the
Wargrave manor cup by Leander and the
Kingswood sculls by D. C. Hadfield of New
Zealand.
CENTRAL STATES REGATTA.
In the Central States rowing- regatta at
St. Louis, Mo.. July 26 and 27, 1919. the
Central Rowing club of St. Louis led in the
junior and senior contests with 32 points.
The Mound City and Western clubs, also of
St. Louis, were second and third with 26 and
16 points. The St. Louis Rowing club and
the Lincoln Park (Chicago) Rowing club tied
for fourth place with 9 points each. In the
six-oared barge event, distance % mile, the
central states record was lowered to 3:59%.
ROWING RECORDS.
^4 mile — *:57, single scull, straightaway, Edwin
Henley, Newark, N. J., July 11, 1901.
% mile— *2:08y5, single scull, straightaway, Ed-
win Henley, Newark, N. J,, July 11, 1893.
1 mile — 4:28, single scull, straightaway, James
Stansbury, with tide, Thames river, England.
July 11, 1896; *4:48, single scull, straightaway.
Rupert Guiness, Thames river, England, 1893.
2 miles— *9:18, eight oars, straightaway, Cornell
freshmen, Poughkeepsie. N. Y., June 26, 1903.
3 miles— *14:27%, eight oars, straightaway, Cornell
varsity, New London, Conn., June 25, 1891.
4 miles — *18:53%, straightaway, eight oars, Cor-
nell university, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., July 2,
*Performance by amateurs.
POWER BOAT RACING.
GOLD CHALLENGE CUP WINNERS.
Year. Boat. Speed.
1904 — Standard . . .23 6
1904— Vingt-et-un 25.3
1905 — Chip . 15 9*
1906— Chip II , ...20.6*
1907— Chip II ...20.8*
1908— Dixie II ...30.9
1909— Dixie II.. ..32.9
1910— Dixie III 33.6
1911— Mit II ...36.1
1912— P. D. Q. H... ...368
1913— Ankle Deep 44.5
1914— Baby Speed Demon 50.49
1915 — Miss Detroit 48.5
1916— Miss Minneapolis 49.7
1917— Miss Detroit II 56.5
1918— Miss Detroit III... ..52.0
1919— Miss Detroit III 55.0
•Winner on corrected time.
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY REGATTA.
The Mississippi Valley Power Boat associa-
tion held a regatta at Moline. 111.. July 4-6,
1919. Miss Quincy II.. owned by C. E. Pad-
gett of Quincy, 111., took first place and the
honors of the meet after several contests with
Miss Ethel VII., owned by C. P. Hanley of
Muscatine, Iowa. The best time, however, was
made by the latter boat when on July 4 it
registered 33.32 miles an hour on one lap.
On July 5 Miss Quincy II. averaged 33 miles
an hour over the two-mile triangle.
RACE OF SUBMARINE CHASERS.
Six American submarine chasers left Ber-
muda Aug. 16. 1919. on a race to the port
of New York. The SC-131, commanded by
Lieut. Joseph L. Day, U. S. N.. led all the
way and reached the finish line at the statue
of Liberty in New York harbor at 2:19 a. m.
Aug. 19, having covered the distance of 600
miles in 58 hours 32 minutes. The old rec-
ord of 67 hours for motor boats was held
by the Ailsa Craig. The SC-217 and the
SC-351 finished second and third only an hour
later than the winner.
SWIMMING.
NATIONAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Indoor.
50 yards— Won by Perry McGillivray. Great
Lakes, in C. A. A. tank. Chicago, Feb. 19,
1919. Time. :24.
200 yards, breast stroke— Won by Herbert Tay-
lor, C. A. A., in C. A. A. tank. Chicago,
Feb. 19. 1919.
100 yards— Won by Perry McGillivray. Great
Lakes, in Allegheny Mountain A. C. tank.
Pittsburgh. Feb. 21. 1919. Time. :55%.
Water polo— Won by Great Lakes team in
Great Lakes training station pool. March
17, 1919. Score: Great Lakes, 5: I. A. C., 1.
150 yards, back stroke— Won by Norman Ross,
unattached, in the Detroit Athletic club tank.
March 29. 1919. Time. 1:14%.
220 yards, free style— Won by Norman Ross,
unattached, in the Detroit Athletic club tank,
March 29. 1919. Time. 2:27%.
500 yards— Won by Leo Geibel, New York A.
C.. in New York A. C. tank. April 25. 1919.
Time. 6:23%.
Outdoor.
10 miles— Won by Eugene T. Bolden, Great
Lakes Naval Training station, in Delaware
river. Riverton. N. J.. Aug. 16. Time,
1:59:18.
100 yards— Won by Perry McGillivray, I. A.
C.. in Lincoln park lagoon, Chicago. Aug1.
30. Time. 1:05%.
440 yards— Won by W. L. Wallen. I. A. C., in
Lincoln park lagoon, Chicago. Aug. 31.
Time. 5:45.
880 yards— Won by W. L. Wallen. I. A. C., at
Pittsburgh. Pa., Sept. 1, Time. 12:36V5.
1 mile— Won by William L. Wallen. I. A. C.,
at Portland. Ore.. Aug. 2. Time. 25:37%.
CENTRAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Indoor.
440 yards, free style— Won by W. L. Wallen,
Great Lakes, in the Detroit A. A. tank. Feb.
22. Time, 5:37% (new association record).
220 yards, free style— Tie between D. L. Jones
and D. Brenner, both of Great Lakes, in De-
troit A. A. tank. Feb. 22. Time. 2:32%.
150 yards, back stroke— Won by Perry McGil-
livray. Great Lakes, in Detroit A. A. tank,
Feb. 22. Time. 1:49%.
200 yards, breast stroke— Won by Michael Mc-
Dermott, Illinois A. C., in Detroit A. A.
tank. Feb. 22. Time. 2:50%.
100 yards, free style, for women — Won by
Miss Thelma Darby, Indianapolis, in Detroit
A. A. tank. Feb. 22. Time. 1 :16.
50 yards, back stroke, for women — Won by
Miss Darby, in Detroit A. A. tank. Feb. 22.
Time. :41%.
50 yards, breast stroke, for women — Won by
Miss Essie Harrison. Detroit, in Detroit A.
A. tank. Feb. 22. Time. :42%.
Fancy diving, for women — Won by Mrs. Bon-
nie Malcolmson. Detroit, in Detroit A. A.
tank. Feb. 22.
50 yards^— Won by Perry McGillivray. Great
Lakes, in Minneapolis A. C. tank. Feb. 26,
Time. :23%.
100 yards, back stroke — Won by Bonner Mil-
ler, Illinois A. C.. in Minneapolis A. C. tank.
Feb. 26. Time. 1:15.
Plunge for distance — Won by G. Ferrell, Min-
neapolis A. C.. in Minneapolis A. C. tank.
Time. :24%.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
400 yards relay — Won by Great Lakes (Jones,
Bennett. Wallen, McGillivray). in I. A. C.
tank. Chicago, March 6. Time, 3:47%.
Fancy diving— Won by Arthur Hartun^. I. A.
C.. in I. A. C. tank. March 6. Points, 262.
100 yard swim, lor women— Won by Miss
Hazel Bilty. in I. A. C. tank. Chicago. March
6. Time. 1:28%.
100 yards, 'breast stroke, for women— Won by
Miss Helen Thomsen. Milwaukee A. C., in
I. A. C. tank. Chicago. March 6. Time.
•I -Q4.4£
880 yards— Won by Wallen. Great Lakes, in
Hamilton club tank. March 15. Time,
12 '0"1%
100 yards— Won by Clark Leach, Great Lakes.
in Hamilton club tank. March 15. Time,
:57%.
Outdoor.
880 yards— Won by Eugene T. Bolden. Great
Lakes Training station, at Chicago, Aug. 30.
Time. 12:39%.
100 yards, back stroke— Won by Siegel, I. A.
C., at Chicago. Aug. 30. Time, 1:18%.
100 yards, breast stroke— Won ly Ray White,
Hamilton club, at Chicago. Aug.. 30. Time.
1:19%.
Plunge for distance— Tie between Ray White,
Hamilton club, and Richard Delmar. I. A.
C. Distance. 58 feet in 1 minute.
400 yards relay— Won by I. A. C. team. Edge-
water beach. Chicago, Aug. 23. Time, 4:07.
220 yards, free style— Won by Perry McGil-
livray. I. A. C.. at Detroit, Aug. 2. Time,
p -Q7
60 yards free style— Won by Perry McGil-
livray. I. A. C.. at Detroit. Aug. 2. Time,
:24.
In the senior swimming and diving cham-
pionships the Illinois Athletic club took first
place with 38 points. The Great Lakes sta-
tion and the Hamilton club had 4 points each
and the Minneapolis A. C. 3 points.
WOMEN'S SWIMMING EVENTS.
Contests by women were a feature of the
swimming season in 1919, many creditable
records being made. Following is a list of
some of the events attracting the most at-
tention : %
100 yards, breast stroke — Won by Miss Ruth
Smith. Columbus A. C.. in the C. A. A. pool,
Chicago, May 7. Time. 1:29.
Fancy diving — Won by Miss Eleanor Smith,
Columbus A. C.. in C. A. A. tank. Chicago.
May 7.
880 yards (Women's Metropolitan champion-
ship)— Won by Charlotte Boyle, in Alamac
A. A. pool. Lake Hopatcong. N. J., July 18.
Time. 18:08.
High diving (A. A. U. championship)— Won by
Alice Lord at Rye Beach, N. Y., July 19.
100 yards, free style— Won by Frances Bilsbar-
row. Indianapolis. Ind., at Edgewater beach.
Chicago, July 26. Time not taken.
100 yards, breast stroke— Won by Lillian Mil-
ler, Chicago, at Edgewater beach. Chicago,
July 26. Time not taken.
100 yards, back stroke— Won by Sibyl Bauer
at Edgewater beach. Chicago, July 26. Time
not taken.
100 yards, breast stroke (Central A. A. U.
championship) — Won by Miss Dorothy
O'Brien, I. A. C., at Edgewater beach, Chi-
cago. Aug. 6. Time. 1:34%.
100 yards, back stroke (Central A. A. U.
championship)— Won by Miss Thelma Darby.
Indianapolis, at Edgewater beach, Aug. 6.
Time. 2:00%.
50 yards, free style— Won by Miss Helen Fitz-
simmons, Detroit, in Lincoln park lagoon.
Chicago. Aug. 9. Time. :33%.
50 yards, breast stroke— Won by Miss Essie
Harrison. Detroit, in Lincoln park lagoon,
Aug. 9. Time. :43%.
220 yards— Won by Miss Thelma Darby. In-
dianapolis, in Lincoln park lagoon, Aug. 9.
Time. 2:23.
100 yards, back stroke— Won by Miss Loi»
Barry. Milwaukee, in Lincoln park lagoon,
Aug. 9. Time. 1:48%.
100 yards, breast stroke — Won by Miss Wil-
helmina Wylie. Australia, in Lincoln park
lagoon, Aug. 10. Time. 1:34.
400 yard swim — Won by Miss Fanny Durack.
Australia, in Lincoln park lagoon, Aug. 10.
Time. 6:11.
100 yard swim— Won by Miss Helen Fitzsim-
mons, Detroit, in Lincoln park lagoon, Auff.
10. Time. 1:22%.
High diving (National A. A. U. champion-
ship)—Won by Miss Betty Grimes, Minne-
apolis, in Lincoln park lagoon, Aug. 10.
50 yards— Won by Miss Florence Gaither, I. A.
C.. foot of Randolph street. Chicago. Aug.
30. Time. :35%.
2% miles (about) (National A. A. U. long
distance swim)— Won by Miss Charlotte
Boyle. New York, at South Shore Country
club. Aug. 30. Time. 32:30%.
Fancy diving— Won by Miss Assays Smith, New
Trier H. S., at South Shore Country club.
Aug. 23.
50 yards, back stroke — Won by Miss Marie Cur-
tis. Detroit Northern High school, at De-
troit, Aug. 2. Time, :38%.
400 yards (National A. A. U. championship)
—Won by Ethel Bleibtrey. New York, at
Manhattan beach, N. Y., Aug. 16. Time,
6:30%.
50 yards — Won by Betty Grimes at Omaha
A. C., Omaha, Neb., May 17. Time. :31%.
100 yard dash — Won by Mrs. Frances C.
Schroth. Alameda. Cal.. Oct. 12. Time.
1:17%.
CHICAGO RIVER SWIM.
The twelfth annual Chicngo river swim un-
der the auspices of the Illinois Athletic club
took place July 26. 1919. It was won by
William Wallen. Jr.. I. A. C.. in 30:28%.
Herman Laubis of the Missouri Athletic club.
St. Louis, was second. The distance was 1%
miles. Record of winners and time:
1908— S. C. Jensen. I. A. C 44:41%
1909— H. J. Handy. I. A. C 36:12%
1910— Perry McGillivray. I. A. C
1911 — Joseph Steuer, unattached.
1912— W. R. Vosburg, Univ. of 111.... 1:03:22
1913— Perry McGillivray. I. A. C 46:54%
1914— Perry McGillivray. I. A. C 40:02
1915 — No contest account Eastland disaster.
1916— W. L. Wallen. Hamilton club.... 35:17
1917— W. L. Wallen. Hamilton club.... 35:55
1918— P. McGillivray. Great Lakes 33:44
1919— W. L. Wallen. I. A. C 30:28%
Note— Prior to 1912 the course used was
about 1V> miles in length; in 1912 it was 2%
miles, in 1913. 2 miles: in 1914, 1% miles: in
1916. 2% miles; in 19-18. 2 miles: in 1919.
1% miles.
RIVER SWIM ACROSS PARIS. FRANCE.
In a swimming match in the Seine river
across Paris, France, July 20, 1919. Norman
Ross. American, was the winner, making the
distance of about 6.500 meters in 1:30:00. Ba-
cigralupo, Italian, was second, and Morris, Aus-
tralian, third.
MISSISSIPPI RIVER SWIM.
In the Western Rowing club's annual five
mile swim in the Mississippi river at St.
Louis. July 20. H. F. Witte, with a 7 minute
handicap was the winner in 1:05:24. Herman
Laubis, scratch, won the time prize in 1 :01 :38.
NEW WORLD'S RECORD BY McGILLIVRAY.
In the Hamilton club tank, Chicago. March
15, 1919. Perry McGillivray of the Great
Lakes Training station swam 440 yards, back
stroke, in 6:02%— a world's record. In the
same race McGillivray swam 200 meters in
2:52%: 300 meters in 4:26 and 400 yards in
'.38':03
.43:21
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
445
6:30. There being- no prior official records for
those distances McGillivray was given credit
for establishing new marks.
NEW WORLD'S RECORD BY NORMAN ROSS.
In an open swimming- meet at the Illinois
Athletic club, Chicago, April 3, 1919. Norman
Ross, formerly of the Olympic club. San
Francisco, but competing unattached, estab-
lished a new world's half mile indoor record
of 10:55%, and in doing so established seven
intermediate records, breaking previous marks
for the distances. The following table shows
the old records and the new ones made by
New.
7:26%
8:04
8:12
8:42
9:18%
9:56%
10:33%
10:55%
Distance. Old.
600 yards 7:31
650 yards 8:10%
660 yards 8:19%
700 yards 8:51%
750 yards 9:31
800 yards 10:11%
850 yards 10:50%
880 yards 11 :14y5
At the Omaha Athletic club, May 17, 1919,
Norman Ross broke the world's record for the
300 yards open swim in a seventy-five foot
tank, covering the distance in 3 :27}4.
WORLD'S SWIMMING RECORDS.
25 yards— :11.3, Duke Kahanamoku (U. S.).
40 yards— :18%. Perry McGillivray (U. S.).
50 yards — :23, Duke Kahanamoku (U. S.).
60 yards— :29%, Duke Kahanamoku (U. S.).
75 yards— :38%, Duke Kaiiaiiamoku (U. S.) and
Robert Small (U. S.).
100 yards— :54. Perry McGillivray (U. S.).
110 yards— 1:02% H. Hebner (U. S.).
120 yards— 1.08% Perry McGillivray (U. S.).
150 yards— 1:29% H. E. Vollmer (U. S ).
200 yards— 2:06%
220 yards— 2:20%
300 yards— 3:16%
Norman Ross (U. S.)
Norman Ross (U. S.)
Norman Ross (U. S.)
440 yards— 5:08% Norman Ross (U. S.)
500 yards — 5:53%, Norman Ross (U. S.)
880 yards^ll:ll%. B. Kieran (Aus.).
1 mile— 23:16%. B. Kieran (Aus.i.
2 miles — 54:54, George Read (Aus.).
AMERICAN SWIMMING RECORDS.
25 yards — :11.3, Duke Kahanamoku.
40 yards— :19, A. C. Raithel. I. A. O.
50 yards— :23.4, Duke Kahanamoku.
75 yards — :38.4, Duke Kahanamoku.
80 yards— :41%, P. McGillivray, I. A. 0.
100 yards— :54\ P. McGillivray. I. A. C.
120 yards— 1:07%, Norman Ross, O. A. O.
150 yards— 1:29%. H. E. Vollmer, N. Y. A. O.
200 yards — 2:04, Norman Ross, O. A. C.
220 yards— 2:19, Norman Ross, O. A. C.
250 yards-2:53%, P. McGillivray, I. A. C.
300 yards— 3:16%, Norman Ross, O. A. C.
330 yards— 3:54, W. L. Wallen, I. A. C.
440 yards — 5:08%, Norman Ross, O. A. C.
500 yards— 5:53%. Norman Ross, O. A. C.
880 yards— 11:14%, H. J. Hebner, I. A. C.
1 mile— 23:40%, C. M. Daniels. N. Y. A. C.
100 yards back stroke— 1:07%, Perry McGillivray,
I. A. C.
100 yards, breast stroke— 1:11%, M. McDermott,
I. A. C.
150 yards, feack stroke— 1:50%, H. J. Hebner, I.
A. C.
160 yard, relay— 1:17. I. A. C. team (P. McGilli-
vray, A. C. Raithel, R. B. Foster, H. J. Heb-
ner).
200 yard relay— 1:41, Yale team.
200 yards, breast stroke— 2:36%, Lester White,
Hamilton club.
BOO yards, relay— 4:40%. I. A. C. team (Perry
McGillivray. William Vosburgh, A. C. Raithel,
Harry Hebner, D. C. Jones).
400 yards, relay— 3:42%. I. A. C. team (A. C.
Raithel, Perry McGillivray, William Vosburgh,
H. Hebner).
Plunge for distance (1 minute time limit)— 75
feet in :40%, Ben Princell, Chicago; 60
feet in :18. D. V. A. Smith and Ben Princell,
Chicago.
Under water swim— 320 feet, E. P. Swatek, L
A. C.
RIFLE SHOOTING.
CLASSIC EVENTS.
Following1 is a list of the men and teams win.
ning important events at national rifle association
tournaments in recent years:
President's Match,.
1909 — Midshipman Andrew D. Denny, U. S. navy.
1910— Sergt. W. A. Fragner, U. S. marine corps.
1911— Corp. C. A. Lloyd. U. S. marine corps.
1912— Corp. Cedric B. Long, 5th Massachusetts
infantry.
1913— Capt. W. H. Clopton, Jr., U. S. infantry.
1914— No contest.
1915— Andrew Hagen, gunnery sergeant, U. S.
marine corps.
1916— Capt. W. Garland Fay, U. S. marine corns.
1917— No contest.
1918— Sergt. H. J. Hoffner. U. S. M. C. : score,
285.
1919— Sergt. J. B. Rhine, U. S. M. C. ; score,
Wimbledon Cup.
1909— First Sergeant Victor H. Czegka, U. S. ma-
rine corps; score, 98.
1910— Capt. C. H. Emerson, 6th Ohio infantry;
score, 99.
1911— Capt. C. H. Emerson. 6th Ohio infantry;
score, 98.
1912— Capt. A. L. Briggs, 26th U. S. infantry;
score, 97.
1913— Corp. Thomas E. Verser, 14th U. S. in-
fantry; score, 99.
1914 — No contest.
1915— Color Sergeant, J. E. Jackson, 1st Iowa in-
fantry; score, 98.
1916— Sergt. J. J. Andrews, U. S. marine corps;
score. 99.
1917— No contest.
1918— Corp. F. L. Branson. U. S. M. O.: score,
92.
1919— J. W. Hession, New York A. C. ; 99.
Leech Cup.
1909— Lieut. J. L. Topham, 13th U. S. infantry;
score, 103.
1910— Lieut. C. L. Sturdevant, U. S. Eng.; score,
105.
1911— Lieut. S. W. Anding, 13th U. S. Infantry;
score, 103.
1912— Serjrt. F. H. Kean. Massachusetts volun-
teer militia; score, 104.
1913— George W. Chesley, W. R. and G. club;
score, 105.
1914— No contest.
1915— Quartermaster Sergeant J. M. Thomas, 3d
U. S. cavalry; score. 102.
1916— W. H. Richards, Quinipiac club; score, 104.
1917— No contest.
1918 — S. A. McKone. Lawrence, Kas. ; score, S3.
1919 — William H. Richards, Winchester Arms
company ; 1C3.
Marine Corps Cup.
1909— Capt. Douglas G. McDougal, U. 8. marine
corps; score, 187.
1910— Corp. O. A. Schofleld. Massachusetts volun-
toer militia; score. 192.
1911— Lieut. II. E. Simon, Ohio N. G.; score, 195.
1912— Capt. G. H. Emerson, Ohio N. G.; score,
194.
1913— John W. Hessian, N. R. A.; score, 195.
i914 — No contest.
1915— Sergt. E. J. Blade, 1st Minnesota Infantry;
score, 197.
1916— Capt. D. A. Preussner, Iowa infantry;
score, 196.
1917— No contest.
1918— Corp. F. L. Branson, U. S. M. C. ; score,
183.
1919— Sergt. C. D. Thompson, U. S. M. O. ; score,
193.
4:46
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Enlisted Men's Team Match.
1911— IL S. navy; score. 562 (first competition).
1912 — Massachusetts; score, 549.
1913— U. S. cavalry; score, 571.
1914— No contest.
1915— Massachusetts, second team.
1916— 4th U. S. M. C. team; score, 557.
1917-1918— No contests.
1919— U. S. M. C. Team No. 1; score, 536.
PALMA TROPHY.
Owing to the European war there has been no
contest for the Palrna trophy since 1913. Record
of event to date:
Year. Country. Score.
1876— United States
1877— United States.3,334
18SO— United States.1,292
1901— Canada 1.522
Year. Country. Score.
1903 — United States. 1.570
1907— United Slates.1,712
1912— United States.1,720
1913— United States.1,714
1902— Britain 1,447
SHOOTING AT CALDWELL. N. J.
The matches of the National Rifle Associa-
tion of America were shot at the navy rifle
range at Caldwell. N. J., Aug. 6-24 and the
national matches Aug. 25-29. 1919. The win-
ners and scores in the principal events were
National team match— United States Marine
corps- 3 329
National individual match— Sergt. T. B. Crow
ley, A. E. F.: 289x300.
United service match— United States Marine
corps; 4.374.
International small-bore team match — Ameri-
can team. 7.617 points: British team, 7.523.
Hilton trophy— Connecticut civilian team,
3 216.
Leech cup — William H. Richards: 103.
Enlisted men's team match— United States
Marine corps (No. 2 team). 536.
Marine corps cup (free for all)— Sergt. C. D.
Thompson. U. S. M. C.. 193x200.
Rapid fire match— Corporal R. C. Coulter. U.
S. M. C.: 100.
State matches— Connecticut team No. 11. 640.
President's match— Sergt. J. B. Rhine, U. S.
M. C.: 289x300.
Grand aggregate match— Lieut. J. A. Zimmer-
man, U. S. M. C.; 611x700.
National Team Match.
The detailed scores of the national team
match, shot at 200, 500 and 1.000 yards, and
regarded as the premier event of the Caldwell
meet, follow:
U. S. Marine corps (first prize) 3,329
A. E. F. team 3.282
U. S. cavalry 3.272
U. S. infantry 3.245
U. S. navy 3.224
Connecticut civilian team (second prize) 3,216
Massachusetts civilian team 3,190
Texas civilian team 3.179
District of Columbia civilian team 3,175
Missouri civilian team 3.164
U. S. N. T. S., Great Lakes 3,161
Philippine "couts 3.140
Iowa civilian team 3,137
Michigan civilian team 3,136
New York civilian team 3.130
Arizona civilian team 3,128
Wisconsin civilian team 3,126
R. O. T. C., Presidio of San Francisco
(third prize) 3.107
Pennsylvania civilian team 3.101
R. O.T. C.. Camp Custer. Mich 3.097
Ohio civilian team 3.097
Grand Rapids. Mich., civilian team 3.083
California civilian team 3.081
R. O. T. C.. Camp Taylor. Ky 3.071
Utah civilian team 3.070
Maryland civilian team 3/>69
Florida civilian team 3.060
R. O. T. C.. Camp Lee. Va 3.066
Kansas civilian team 3.058
Citadel Military academy. S. C 3,047
SHOOTING AT SEA GIRT. N. J.
The twenty-sixth annual interstate shooting-
tournament at Sea Girt. N. J.. took place Sept.
1-6, 1919. Winners and scores of the princi-
pal events were:
Columbia trophy team— Sixth New Jersey in-
fantry: 1.567.
National guard trophy— Third battalion, state
militia; 1,425.
Hayes match— Corporal Raymond Coulter, U.
S. M. C.: 119.
Meany match— Sergt. Morris Fisher, U. S. M.
C.; 129.
Spencer match— Capt. Eugene L. Mulally. U. S.
M. C.; 67.
Liberty match— Corporal Raymond Coulter.
U. S. M. C.; 95x100.
Sea Girt championship— Private Roy Moore.
U. S. M. C.: 194x200.
Dryden match— U. S. M. C.: 1.122.
McAlpin match— U. S. M. C.. (No. 2) ; 1.114.
Sadler trophy— U. S. M. C.; 1,716.
PISTOL SHOOTING.
At Caldwell, N. J., Aug. 27. Lieut. C. J.
Christofferson. U. S. A., won the national pis-
tol match with a score of 292 out of a pos-
sible 300.
TRAP SHOOTING.
GRAND AMERICAN HANDICAP.
The twentieth annual Grand American hand-
icap shoot at inanimate targets took place
on the grounds of the South Shore Country
club. Chicago, Aug. 11-15, 1919. The main
event, the grand handicap, was won by G.
William Lorimer of Troy, O., after shooting
off a triple tie with W. E. Gordon of Mobile.
Ala., and J. Edward Hellyer of Alexandria.
Pa., each having a score of 98. Lorimer shot
from eighteen yards. Gordon from nineteen
and Hellyer from twenty-one yards. In the
shootoff Lorimer broke eighteen targets, Gor-
don seventeen and Hellyer sixteen.
Winners of other events decided at or in
connection with the tournament were:
National amateur championship single target.
18 yards rise— Frank Troeh, Vancouver.
• Wash.; 200 (perfect score).
National amateur championship at single tar-
gets, 16 yards rise (open to state champions
only)— Frank S. Wright of Buffalo. N. Y.;
199 out of 200 targets.
American professional championship, singles.
18 yards rise — Bart Lewis, Albany, HI.; 200
(perfect score).
National amateur championship at double tar-
gets—Nicholas Airie of Menard, Tex.; 91
out of 100.
American junior amateur championship — Geo.
A. Miller, aged 10, Brewton. Ala.: 49 out
of 50.
Veteran's championship— Any Mayer. Madison,
Wis.: 46 out of 50.
Woman's amateur championship— Mrs. A. H.
Winkler. Chicago: 90 out of 100.
Army and navy championship — Commander
E. P. Williams. U. S. N.. Washington, D. C.:
99 out of 100.
East vs. West team race — Eastern team; 962
out of 1,000.
Class competition— Class A. C. M. Powers. D*
catur. 111.. 100 (perfect score) ; Class B,
E. P. Williams. Washington. D. C., 99 out
of 100: Class C, E. C. Wheeler, Pawhuska,
Okla.. 98 out of 100: Class D. I. C. Harris.
Fairbury. 111., 95 out of 100.
Grand Handicap Winners.
Year. Winner. Score.
1900 — R. O. Heikps... 91
1901— E. C. Griffith... 95
1902 — C. W. Floyd 94
1903— M. FHefenderfer 94
1904— R. D. Ountill... 96
1905— R. R. Barber... 99
Year. Winner.
Score.
1906— S. E. Rogers.... 94
1907— J. J. Blanks.... 96
1908— F. Harlnw 92
1909— Fred Shattnok. 96
1910— R. Thompson... 100
1911— Harvey Dixon.. 99
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
447
Year. Winner. Score.
1912— W. E. Phillips. 96
1913— M. S. Hootman 97
1914— W. Henderson.. 98
1915-Louis B. Clarke 96
Year. Winner. Score.
1916— J. P. Wulf 99
1917— Chas. H. Larson.98
1918— J. D. Henry.... 97
1919— G. W. Lorimer..98
Tom Marshall won the Grand American handi-
cap in 1897-1899 at Eldwood Park. N. J.
NATIONAL AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP.
The fourteenth annual trap shooting tourna-
ment under the auspices of the New York
Athletic club for the amateur championship
of America took place at Travera island.
N. Y.. May 2 and 3. 1919. The champion-
ship was a.gain taken by Fred Plum of Atlan-
tic City, N. J.. by a score of 194 out of a
possible 200.
In an interclub match between teams of
five representing the Chicago Athletic and the
New York Athletic clubs, the men repre-
senting Chicago won by the following score:
Chicago Athletic Club.
Ben S. Donnelly 192
N. Y. Athletic Club
Fred Plum 194
G L Becker 190
Chauncey Powers ...190
G. A. Smith 189
W. H. Yule 187
A L Burns . ... ..186
Mark Arie 189
D I Bradley 185
Total 950
Total 94R
Amateur champions
Year. Winner. Score.
1912— B. M. Higgins..l85
1913— C. H. Newcomb.179
1914— Ralph L. Spotts.188
1915— Geo. L. Lyon...l92
since 1912:
Year. Winner. Score.
1916— R. L. Spotts...l96
1917— C. H. Newcomb.191
1918— Fred Plum 197
1919— Fred Plum 194
WESTY HOGAN TOURNAMENT.
The thirteenth annual Westy Hogan shoot-
ing tournament took place at Atlantic City,
N. J.. Sept. 8-13. 1919. The high average
was won by Woolfolk Henderson of Kentucky
with a total of 472 targets out of 480 shot
at. The handicap was won by George Me-
Cutcheon of the New York Athletic club after
a shootoff with H. J. Thielman and G. W.
Blake. The Westy Hogan championship was
won by Frank S. Wright of Buffalo, N. Y.,
after a shootoff with Woolfolk Henderson
and S. M. Crothers, each having made 99 out
of a possible 100. In the shootoff Wright
made 20 straight while the other two scored
19 each. In the east vs. west match the
western team won with a score of 2,311 to
2.291 for the eastern team.
ILLINOIS STATE SHOOT.
IPhe forty-third annual tournament of the
Illinois State Sportsmen's association was held
in Galesburg June 11-13. 1919. The amateur
championship was won by Mark Arie of
Thomasboro. 111., with a score of 295 out of
a possible 300. A. D. Sperry of Rock Island
and C. A. Carroll of Joliet were tied for sec-
ond with 294 hits each. H. C. Daley of Car-
linville made the longest continuous run, 170.
B. C. Meents of Kankakee. with a score of 20
in a shootoff. won the Jefferson Hotel CUP.
The Chicago Board of Trade diamond badge
was won by Frank Remy of Indianapolis, Ind.,
with 98 from the 19-yard mark. Mrs. How-
ard Almert of Chicago won the women's state
championship with 261. The hierh average
for women on all targets during the tourna-
ment was won by Mrs. A. H. Winkler of
Chicago.
The 1920 meet will be held in Chicagp.
The president of the association is Louis
Clark of Chicago and James Groves of Chi-
cago is the secretary-treasurer.
CHICAGO GRAND HANDICAP.
Year. Winner. Score1.
1910— Albert Southward. Pecatonica. HI.... 94
1911— W. F. Riley. Chicago. Ill 93
1912— Henry Carstens, Lowell, Ind 93
Year. Winner. Score.
1913— J. F. Caldwell. Concordia. Kas 98
1914— Sam Hunter, Vancouver. B. C 90
1915— P. J. Krueger. Blue Island. Ill 95
1916— John Kammerman. Grant Park. 111. .95
1917— J. H. May. Chicago, 111 98
1918-1919— No contests.
HERCULES AMATEUR TROPHY.
Mark Arie of Thomasboro, 111., won perma-
nent possession of the Hercules amateur all-
around championship in trap shooting by de-
feating Frank Troeh of Vancouver, Wash.
Forrest McNeir of Houston, Tex., and A. H.
Winkler of Chicago at the South Shore Coun-
try club, Chicago, Aug. 9, 1919. The total
score of each contestant was: Arie, 195;
Troeh, 190; McNeir, 183; Winkler, 176. For-
rest McNeir won the right to shoot in the
match by defeating- Frank Troeh at the same
traps on Aug. 7 by a score of 184 to 183.
HERCULES OPEN TROPHY.
Frank Troeh of Vancouver, Wash., re-
tained possession of the Hercules open trophy
by defeating at the South Shore Country club,
Chicago, on Aug. 9. 1919. J. R. Graham of
Ingleside, 111,. Homer Clark, Alton. 111., and
Bart Lewis of Auburn, 111. The scores were:
Troeh, 190: Graham, 173: Clark, 171; Lewis,
168.
CHICAGO A. A. VS. NEW YORK A. C.
The Chicago Athletic association team of
five trapshooters defeated a similar team from,
the New York Athletic club in a match at
the South Shore Country club on Aug. 10.
1919. The score was 974 to 934 in favor
of the western team.
STATE CHAMPIONS IN 1919.
Alabama— W. E. Gordon.
Arizona — T. L. Edens.
Arkansas— J. E. Chatfield.
California— J. F. Dodds.
Colorado-New Mexico— W. R. Thomas.
Connecticut— H. C. Barstow.
Delaware— William Foord.
District of Columbia— R. D. Morgan.
Florida— W. N. Boyleston.
Georgia— H. D. Freeman.
Idaho— Charles Hahn.
Illinois— Mark Arie.
Indiana— M. E. Dewire.
Iowa— B. F. Elbert.
Kansas— J. F. Cairns.
Kentucky— Woolfolk Henderson.
Maine— A. H. Waldron.
Maryland — R. D. Morgan.
Massachusetts— G. L. Osborn.
Michigan — J. A. Skinner.
Minnesota— J. E. Harker.
Missouri — William Akard.
Montana— E. L. Robbins.
.Nebraska— Ed Varner.
New Hampshire— E. E. Reed.
New York— Frank Wright.
North Carolina — H. A. Morson.
North Dakota— A. R. Chezik.
Ohio— L. M. Weeden.
Oklahoma— V. H. Francis.
Oregon — J. W. Seavey.
Pennsylvania— Ed Hellyer. Jr.
Rhode Island— C. H. Dillon.
South Carolina — P. R. Earle,
South Dakota— Frank Hughes.
Tennessee — O. Williams.
Texas— Nic Arie.
Utah— C. H. Reilly.
Vermont — C. H. Burr.
Virginia— H. C. Laird.
Washington — F. M. Troeh.
West Virginia— R. Gerstell, Jr.
Wisconsin— F. G. Fuller.
Wyoming— A. C. Rice.
Canada— W. Hamilton and S. G. Vance.
448
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
MOTORING.
WORLD'S SPEED CLASSICS.
Vandcrbilt Cup.
Tear. Winning driver and car. Miles. Time.
1904— Heath, Panhard, France ...... 284.40 6:26:4i
1»05— Hemery, Darracq, France ____ 283.00 4:S6:08
1906— Wagaer. Darracq, France.. ..29/.10 4:i>0:10%
1908 — Robertson, Locomobile, Amer-
ica ........................... 258.60 4:00:4Sys
19«9— Grant, Alco, America ........ 278.08 4:25:42
1910— Grant. Alco, America ......... 278.08 4:15:58
1911— Mulfor.l. Loaier. America ..... 291.38 3:56:00%
1913— De Palma. Mercedes, Ger-
many ......................... 300.00 4:20:31
1914— De Palma, Mercedes, Ger-
many ........................ 295.00 1:53:41
1915— Resta. Peugeot, France ....... 300.30 4:27:37
1916— Resta, Peugeot, France ...... 294.00 8:22:48
No races since 1916.
American Grand Prize.
1908— Wagmer. Fiat. Italy ........... 402.08 6:10:31
1910 — Bruce-Brown, Benz, Germany.4i5.20 6:03:05
1911— Bruce-Brown, Fiat, Italy ..... 411.36 5:31:29
1912— Brag?, Fiat. Italy ............ 409.00 5:59:27
1914— Pollen, Mercer. America ...... 403.24 5:13:"0
1915— Resta, Peugeot. France ....... 400.28 7:07:57
1916— Aitken, Peugeot. France ..... 403.25 4:42:47
No races in 1909, 1913 or since 1916.
French Grand Prix.
190*-Szis*. Renault, France ...... 774.00 12:14:05
1907— Nazzaro. Fiat. Italy ......... 478.30 6:45:33
1905— Lnutensohlager, Mercedes,
Germany .................... 478.30 6:53:43
1912— Boillot, Peu-eot, France.... 956.00 13:53:02
1913— Boillot, Peugeot, France ..... 300.00 6:07:00
1914 — Lautenschlager, Mercedes,
Germany ................... 467.00 T:08:18
No races since 1914.
Gordon Bennett Cup.
1900— Charron. Panhard, France.. 351. 00 9:09:39
1901— Girardot, Panhard, France... 327.00 8:50:30
1902— Edge, Napier. England ....... 383.00 10:42:00
1903 — Jenatzy, Mercedes, Germany.386.00 8:36:00
1904— Thery, Brasier, France ....... 350.00 5:40:03
1905— Thery, Brasier, France ...... 342.00 7:02:42
190ft— Race discontinued.
Elgin Trophy.
1919— Mulford, Lozier, America... 805.20 4:52:29.84
1911— Zengle, National, America.. 305.20 4:35:39.08
1912— R. de Palma, Mercedes, Ger-
many ........................ 254.00 3:42:20
1918— Anderson. Stutz. America... 301.68 4:13:38
1914— R. de Palma, Mercedes, Ger-
many ........................ 301.68 4:06:18
1915— Anderson. Stutz. America.... 301. 84 8:54:25
1916-1917-1918— No races.
1919— Milton, Duesenberg Special.
America .................... 301 , 4:05:17
Chicago Automobile Club Cup.
1918 — R. de Palma, Mercer, Amer-
ica .......................... 801.68 4:31:56
1914— R. de Palma, Mercedes, Ger-
many ........................ 301.68 4:03:01
1915— B. Cooper. Stut*. America.. 301.84 4:01:32
1916-1919— No contests.
Indianapolis Speedway Race.
1911 — Harroun, Marmon, America ..... 500 1:42:08
1912— Dawson. National. America ..... 500 6:21:03
1913— Goux, Peugeot, France .......... 500 6:33:05
1914— Thomas. Delate. France ....... ROO 6:03:45
1915— De Palma. Mercedes. Germany.500 5:33:55
1916— Resta. Peugeot. France ......... 800 3:34:17
1917-1918— No race*.
1919— Wilcox, Peugeot, France ....... 500 B:44:21
Chicago Derby.
1917— Cooper, Stu+z, AmericT ........ 250 2:23:"9
1913— Chevrolet. Frontenac. America. 100 65:29.60
1919— Race discontinued.
R HOUR RECORD.
Joe Dawton ia a Chalmers car made a BOW
world's record for twenty-four hours by running
l.dOOtt miles) oil the Sheepshead Bay speedway
Aug. 2. 1917. The best previous record was 1,819
miles by Ralph Mulford on tiie same track May
1-2. 1916.
ONE-HOUR RECORD.
Driving a Packard oa the Bheepshead Bay
speedway at New York Nov. 12. 1917, Ralph
De Palma made 112.4 miles in one hour. The
best previous record wns 107 miles by Jeaa
Chassagne on the Urooklands track, England,
ia 1910.
TRANSCONTINENTAL RECORDS.
The coast to coast records were established Jn
•"916. In the order of their occurrence the per-
formances were as follows:
Robert Hammond in an Empire car drove from
San Francisco to New York, a distance by the
route taken of 8.384 miles, in 6 days 10 hours
59 minutes May 16-23. This lowered the rec
ord set the previous week by a Cadillac ei?ht
cylinder car. which made the trip from Los An
celes to New York In 7 days 11 hours 52 minutes.
Driving a Mannon 84, 8. B. Stevens arrived
In San Francisco at 5 p. m.. Jnly 29. just 6
days 18 hours 30 minutes out from New York
city.
W. P. Sturm, drlvlnjc a Hudson Super-Sir, madu
the distance from San Francisco to New York in
exr.ctly 5 days 3 hours 81 minutes Sept. IS-
IS and then made the return trip in 5 days 17
hours 82 minutes, mtkin? the time for the
round trip 10 days 21 hours 3 minutes. The dis-
tance traveled was 6,592 miles.
CHICAGO-NEW YORK RECORD.
B. F. Durham and Al Walden drove from Chi-
cago to New York in 31 hours flrt June 6-7, 1916.
the total mileage by the route taken being 1,047.
SPEEDWAY RACING IN 1919.
Following1 were the results of the principal
automobile speedway races in 1919:
Uniontown, Pa.. May 19 — 112.5 mile race won
Vy Tommy Milton in 1 :10 9-32.
Indianapolis. Ind.. Mry 31 — 500 mile race won
by "Howdy" Wiloox in 6:44:21.75. (Two
drivers and a mechanician were killed in this
race.)
Sheepshead Bay. N. T.. June 14 — 50 mile race
won by Ralph de Palma in 26:23% (world's
record) : 10 mile race won by Tom Milton in
6:20%: 30 mile race won by Ralph Mulford
in 16:203-10: 10 mile race won by Mulford
in 5:23%.
Sheepshead Bay. N. T., July 4—100 mile *n-
tomobile Derby won by Gaston Chevrolet
in 54:17% (wood's roco-d) .
Tscoma. Wash.. July 4 — 40 m^le r?ce won by
Ralph Mulford in 24:02%: 60 mile race won
by Louis Chevrolet in 36:47%.
Uniontown. Pa.. July 19 — 22.5 mile race won
hy Tommy Milton.
Uniontown. Pa.. Sept. 1 — 225 mile race won
by Joe Boyer in 2 :24 19-68.
Johnstown. Pa.. Sept. 6 — 26 mile race for
85,000 puree won by Gaston Chevrolet, iwho
was matched against Omrr Toft.
Sheepshead Bay. N. T.. Sept. 20—150 mile
race won by Gaston Chevrolet in 1 :22 :34%
(world's record).
Cincinnnti. O.. Oct. 12—250 mile race -won by
Joe Boyer *t an average speed of 101.69
miles an hour. -
ROAD RACING IN 1919.
Only a few road rac-s r-«re run in 1819.
At Santa Monica. Cal.. March 15. Cliff Durant
won a 270.34 mile race in 3:04:45. J. R.
Copes won the 110 mile Denver-Cheyenne road
racs. July 22. in 2:11:59. The Elgin road
race of 801 miles was run Aug. 23 and was
won by Tom Millon in 4:05:17.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
449
AMERICAN SPEEDWAY RECORDS, REGARD LESS OF CLASS.
Distance.
% mile
H mile
1 kilometer
1 mile
2 miles
3 miles
5 miles
10 miles
20 miles
SO miles
40 miles
60 miles
100 miles
150 milea
200 miles
850 miles
300 miles
350 miles
400 miles
450 miles
500 miles
5 miles
10 miles
15 miles
20 miles
50 miles
100 miles
150 miles
200 miles
250 miles
Time. Driver. Car. Place.
8.16 ...... Burman ........ Blitzen-Benz ...Indianapolis _____
16.60 ...... Oldfield ........ Christie ......... Tacoma ........
21.40 ...... Burman ........ Blitzen-Benz ...Indianapolis ____
31.60 ...... Oldfield ........ Christie ......... Tacoma ........
58.20 ____ ..Rader ........... Packard ........ Sheepshead Bay.
1:54.83 ...... Bragg: .......... piat ............ Los Angeles .....
3:00.00 ...... Orr ............. Maxwell ........ Omaha .........
4:55.75 ...... Rader .......... Packard ........ Sheepshead Bay.
10:58.80 ...... De Palma ..... Packard ........ New York .......
16:20.30 ...... Mulford Frontenac ...... Sheepshead Bay.
21:52.00 ...... Aitken " . .Peugeot ........ Sheepshead Bay.
26:23.20 ...... De Palma ...... Packard ........ Sheepshead Bay.
54:17.12 ...... Chevrolet ...... Frontenac ...... Sheepshead Bay.
1:22:20.00 ...... Chevrolet ...... Frontenac ...... Sheepshead Bay.
1:56:21.40 ...... Aitken ......... P«nppot ......... Sheepshead Bay.
2 :23 :04.02 ...... Aitken ......... Peugeot ......... Sheepshead Bay.
2 :55 :32.23 ...... Anderson ...... Stutz ............. Sheepshead Bay.
3 :24 :42.00 ...... Anderson ...... Stutz ............. Sheepshead Bay.
4:04:49.09 ...... Resta ......... Peugeot ........ Chicago ........
4:34:05.78 ...... Resta ......... Peugeot . ....... Chicago ........
Resta ......... Peugeot ........ Chicago ........
RECORDS. REGARDLESS OF
Car. Plt.ce.
.Packard ........ Daytona ........
.Packard* ........ Daytona ........
.Packard ........ Daytona ........
.Packard ........ Daytona ........
.Packard ........ Daytona ........
2:04.58 ...... De Palma ...... Packard ........ Daytona ...
4:09.31 ...... De Palma ...... Packard ........ Daytona ...
6:48.75 ...... De Palma ...... Packard ........ Daytona ....
8:54.20 ...... De Palma ...... Packard ........ Daytona ...
35:52.31 ...... Burman ...... Buick Bug ...... Jacksonville
1:12:45.20 ...... Bernin ........ Renault ........ Daytona ...
1:55:18.00 ...... Disbrow ...... Special ......... Jacksonville
2:34:12.00 ...... Disbrow ...... Special ......... Jacksonville
3:14:55.00 ...... Disbrow ...... Special ......... Jacksonville
..5:07:26.00..
STRAIGHTAWAY FREE-FOR-ALL
Distance. Time.
1 kilometer ..... 15.86
1 mile ........... 24.02
2 miles .......... 49.54
3 miles .......... 1:15.04
4 miles .......... 1:39.77
De Palma
De Palma
De Palma
De Palma
De Palma
Disbrow ......
300 miles ........ 3:53:33.50 ...... Disbrow ...... Special ......... Jacksonville
81.65 miles ...... 1:00:00.00 ...... Disbrow ...... Special ......... Jacksonville
(Standing start)
1 mile ........... 38.83 ...... De Palma ...... Packard ........ Daytona
•Special twelve cylinder aviation engine.
ONE MILE CIRCULAR DIRT TRACK RECORDS.
Date.
.May 29, 1911
.July 5. 1915
.May 29, 1911
.July 5. 1915
.July 25. 1917
.May 5, 1913
.July 5. 1915
.July 25. 1917
.Aug. 18. 1917
.Aug. 17. 1918
.Oct. 28. 1P16
.June 14. 1919
. Sept. 22. 1917
.Sept. 20, 1919
.Oct. 9. 1915
.Sept. 30. 1916
.Oct. 9. 1915
.Oct. 9. 1915
June 26. 1915
'.June 26. 1915
.June 26, 1915
CLASS.
Date.
.Feb. 12. 1939
.Feb. 12. 1919
.Feb. 16. 1919
.Feb. 16. 1919
.Feb. 16. 1919
.Feb. 16. 1919
.Feb. 16. 191&
.Feb. 17. 1919
.Feb. 17. 1919
. Mar. 28, 1911
.Mar. 6. 1908
.Mar. 31. 1911
.Mar. 31. 1911
.Mar. 31. 1911
.Mar. 31. 1911
.Mar. 28. 1911
Feb. 17. 1019
Distance.
1 mile
2 miles ,
3 miles.
4
Time. Driver.
46.20 Disbrow
1:32.60 Disbrow
2:27.81 Disbrow
iles! ......... 3 :17.02 Disbrow
miles 4 :06.58 Disbrow
10 miles 8:16.40 Burman
15 miles 12:23.20..
20 milts 16:25.60..
25 miles 20:28.80..
50 miles 40:57.80..
75 miles 1:08:56.00..
100 miles 1:31:30.00..
150 miles 2:30:51.00..
200 miles 3:21:48.00..
Car. Place. . Date.
...Simplex St. Louis, Mo . Aug. 8. 1914
...Simplex St. Louis. Mo. ...Aug. 8, 1914
...Simplex Cleveland. O Sept. 14, 1912
Simplex Cleveland, O Sept. 14, 1912
Simplex Cleveland. O Sept. 14, 1912
Peugeot Bakersfield, Cal.. Jan. 3. 1915
Peugeot Bakersfield. Cal. .Jan. 3, 1915
Peugeot Bakersfield, CaL.Jan. 3, 1915
Peugeot Bakersfield, CaL.Jan. 3. 1915
Peugeot Bakersfield, CaL.Jan. 3. 1916
Peugeot Galesburg, 111.... Oct. 22. 1914
Alley Duesenberg Hamline. Minn... Oct. 24. 1914
Wishart Mercer Columbus, O.... Aug. 25. 1912
'"Mulford Mason Special... Columbus, O July 4, 1913
.Burman
, Burman
.Burman
.Burman
. Burman
MOTORCYCLING.
NEW RECORDS.
Two new world's records in long distance
motorcycling were made at the Sheepshead
Bay (N Y.) races Oct. 11, 1919. Albert
Burns of Los Angeles. Cal.. rode 100 miles
in 1:07:57 and Ray Wishaar of Bridgeport,
Conn., made 50 miles in 32:57%.
Wells Bennett of Los Angeles. Cal.. estab-
lished a new "three flag" motorcycle record
July 25 1919 when he completed a ride from
the Canadian border at Elaine, Wash., to
Pia Juana. Mex., a distance of 1.714 miles in
53 hours 28 minutes.
NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The long distance motorcycle championship
contests of 1919 took place at the Sheeps-
head Bay (N. Y.) speedway Oct. 11. 1919.
with the following results:
10 miles— Won by Eugene Walker (Indian) :
second. Ray Wishaar (Harley-Davidson) :
third, Teddy Carrol (Indian); fourth, L. E.
Parkhurst (Harley-Davidson). Tim^. 6:19%.
10 miles side car— Won by S. J. Riddle (In-
dian) : second, F. H. Dreyer (Indian) : third,
William Brazenor (Harley-Davidson): fourth.
Mike Costello (Harley-Davidson) . Time.
8:55%.
2 miles — Won by Otto Walker (Harley -David-
son) ; second. Eugene Walker (Indian) : third.
Teddy Carrol (Indian) : fourth. Ray Wishaar
(Harley-Davidson). Time. 1:14%.
10 mile Metropolitan championship— Won by
E. H/ Farrell (Harley-Davidson) ; second.
Mike Costello (Harley-Davidson) : thiad, F.
H. Dreyer (Indian) : fourth, S. J. Riddle
(Indian). Time. 6:47%.
25 mile side car championship— Won by Teddy
Carrol (Indian-Flexible) ; second. Eugene
450
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
Walker (Indian-National) : third. Albert
Burns (Harley -Davidson-Flexible). Time not
announced.
50 mile national championship— Won by Ray
Wishaar (Harley-Davidson) ; second. Fred
Nixon (Indian): third. Albert Burns (Har-
ley-Davidson). Time. 32:57% (world's rec-
ord).
100 mile championship — Won by Albert Burns
(Harley-Davidson) ; second. Maldwin Jones
(Harley-Davidson) : third. Fred Nixon (In-
dian) ; fourth. L. G. Buckner (Indian):
fifth. John H. Linder (Harley-Davidson) :
sixth. Ralph Hebron (Harley-Davidson) :
seventh. A. Barnes (Indian) . Time. 1 :07 :57.
20 mile stock championship— Won by Albert
Burns (Harley-Davidson): second. Eugene
Walker (Indian) : third. Maldwin Jones (Har-
ley-Davidson). Time. 14:24.
BOWLING.
AMERICAN BOWLING CONGRESS.
Leading1 winners in the nineteenth annual
tournament of the American Bowling- congress
held in Toledo. O.. March 8-April 1, 1919:
Five-Man Teams.
Athearn Hotel. Oshkosh 2.992
Gregg- All Star. Cleveland 2.983
Lincoln Life Ins. Co.. Fort Wayne 2,959
Birk Bros. No. 1. Chicago 2.930
Potter Shoes. Cincinnati 2.922
Schwabl No. 1. Buffalo 2.918
St. Louis Cardinals. St. Louis 2.900
Burrell Belting- Co., Chicago 2.890
Bicycle Playing- Cards. Cincinnati 2.890
Kramer Atlantic Garden. Pittsburgh 2.880
Two-Man Teams.
Kallusch-Barnes. Rochester 1 .305
Krapp-Hahn, Chicago 1.275
Pekie-Lellinger. Chicago 1.258
Davies-Mitchell. Chicago 1.257
Schwoegler-Kartheiser. Madison 1.256
Smart-Boyle. Cleveland 1,249
Daiker-Wetterman. Cincinnati 1.248
Heller-Bugenhagen. Chicago 1.247
Hand-Dengwell. Detroit 1 .245
Ralson-Smith. Detroit 1.244
Moede-Haller, Milwaukee 1 .244
Singles.
H. Cavan. Pittsburgh 718
A. Polard. Indianapolis 714
Joe Rivest. Chicago 690
D. Devito. Chicago 690
M. Lindsey. New Haven 690
J. Schliemer. Cleveland 688
W. Scully, Detroit 685
P. Miller. Toledo 683
J. Reilly. Chicago 672
H. Yockey, Cincinnati 672
J. Smith. Milwaukee 670
All Events.
H. Lindsey. New Haven *. 1.933
F. Caruana. Buffalo 1.928
J. Reilly. Chicago 1.917
Hess. Chicago 1.909
H. Cavan. Pittsburgh 1.910
J. Schliemer. Cleveland 1.890
J. Genal. Oshkosh 1.897
H. Yockey, Cincinnati 1.881
J. Smith. Milwaukee 1.866
Championship Records.
Five-Man Teams.
Year. Team and city. Score.
1901— Standards. Chicago
1902— Fidelias, New York
1903— O'Learys, Chicago
1904— Ansons, Chicago
1905— Gunthers No. 2, Chicago
1906— Centurys No. 1, Chicago
1907— Furniture Citys, Grand Rapids. .
1908— Bonds, Columbus, O
1909— Lipmang, Chicago
.720
.792
,819
,737
.795
.794
.775
.9-27
,962
1910 — Cosmos, Chicago .
.2.1
1911— Fieiiners, Chicago, 2,924
1912 — Brunswick All Stars. New York. . .2.904
1913— Flor de Knispeis, St. Paul 3,006
1914— Monko club. New Haven 2,944
1915— Barry-Kettelers, Chicago 2.907'
1916— Commodore Barrys, Chicago 2.905
1917— Birk Brothers. Chicago 3.061
1918— Aquillas, St. Paul 3.022
1919— Athearn Hotel. Oshkosh 2.993
Two-Man Teams.
1901— Voorhees-Starr. New York 1,203
1902— McLean-Steers. Chicago 1,237
1903— Collins-Selbach. Columbus 1,227
1904— Kraus-Spies. Washington 1,184
1905— Stretch-Rolf e, Chicago 1,213
1906— Hamilton-Husey, Philadelphia 1,268
1907— Richter-Bigley, Louisville 1,164
1908— Kiene-Chalmers. Chicago 1,254
1909— Schwoeg-ler Brothers. Madison, Wis. 1.304
1910— Daiker-Wetterman, Cincinnati .... 1,231
1911— Hartley-Seiler. East Liverpool. 0. 1,246
1912— Owen-Sutton, Louisville, Ky 1,259
1913— Schultz-Koster, Newark. N. J 1,291
1914— Negley- Van Ness, Newark 1,245
1915— Allen-Allen. Detroit 1,297
1916— Thoma-Marino, Chicago 1,297
1917— Satorius-Holzschuh, Peoria, 111... 1,346
1918 — Steers-Thoma, Chicago 1.335
1919— Kallusch-Barnes. Rochester 1,305
Singles.
1901— Frank H. Brill. Chicago 648
1902— Fred Strong, Chicago 649
1903— David A. Jones, Milwaukee 683
1904— Martin Kern. St. Louis 647
1905 — C. Anderson, St. Paul 651
1906— Frank T. Favour, Oshkosh 669
1907— M. Levey. Indianapolis 624
1908— A. Wengler, Chicago 699
1909— Larry Sutton, Rochester, N. Y....691
1910— Thomas Haley, Detroit 705
1911— J. Blouin, Chicago 681
1912— Larry Sutton. Rochester. N. Y....679
1913 — F. Peterson. Columbus, O 693
1914— William Miller, Detroit 675
1915— W. H. Pierce. Pueblo. Col 711
1916— Sam Schliman, Toronto 685
1917— Otto Kallusch, Rochester, N. Y 698
1918— C. Styles. Detroit 702
1919— H. Cavan. Pittsburgh 718
All Events (9 Games).
1901— Frank H. Brill. Chicago
1902— John Roster, New York
1903 — Fred Strong, Chicago
1904— Martin Kern, St. Louis
1905— J. G. Reilly, Chicago
1906— J. T. Leacock. Indianapolis
1907— Harry Ellis. Grand Rapids
1908— R. Crabe. East Liverpool, O
1909— James Blouin, Chicago...
.737
.841
.896
,804
.791
.794
.767
.910
.909
1910— Thomas Haley, Detroit 961
1911— James Smith. Buffalo,
1912— P. Sutton, Louisville.
1913— E. Herrman. Cleveland 972
897
876
919
.919
.843
1914— William Miller, Detroit
1915— Mattie Faetz. Chicago....
1 916— Frank Thoma, Chicago . . .
1 917— Henry Miller. Detroit 1.945
1 918— H. Steers. Chicago 1.952
1919— H. Lindsey. New Haven 1.933
Officers of the American Bowling- congress
1919-1920: President, Robert Brown. Louis-
ville. Ky.: secretary. Abe Lang-worthy, Mil-
waukee. Wis.: treasurer. F. L. Pasdeloup. Chi-
cago, m.
WOMEN'S CHAMPIONSHIPS.
In the championship tournament held by
the Women's National Bowling association in
Toledo, O.. April 2-3, 1919, the five-woman
event was won by the Minor Butlers of To-
ledo with a mark of 2.436 and the double
event by Mrs. G. Butterworth and Mrs. F.
Steib of Chicago with 1.042 points. Mrs. B.
Husk of Newark. N. J . took the champion-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
451
ship in sing-lea with a score of 594. Mrs. Z.
Quinn of Chicago was elected president for
1919-1920. The 1920 tournament was as-
signed to Chicago.
INTERNATIONAL BOWLING ASSOCIATION.
The International Bowling- association tour-
nament of 1919 was held in St. Paul. Minn..
Feb. 11-21 inclusive. Event winners to date:
Five-Man Teams. ^
Year. Team and city. Score.
1903— Acmes, St. Paul 2.726
1904— Capitols. St. Paul 2.694
1905 — Courts. St. Paul 2,820
1906— Capitols, St. Paul 2,746
1907— Pfisters. St. Paul 2,781
1908— Anheuser-Busch. St. Paul 2.789
1909— Doris. St. Paul 2,653
' 1910— Chalmers-Detroits, Chicago 2.760
1911— Capitols, St. Paul 2,849
1912— Americans. St. Paul 2.905
1913— Blatz, Chicago 2,916
1914— Flor de Knispels, St. Paul 2.910
1915— Doris. St. Paul 3,014
1916— Centrals, Minneapolis 2,880
1917— Fiat. Minneapolis 2,822
1918— Schmidts. St. Paul 2,928
1919-Schmidts. St. Paul 2,815
Two-Man Teams.
1903— Alness-Wooley, Minneapolis 1,213
1904— Hansen-Parker, Minneapolis 1,174
1905— Wooley-Garland, Minneapolis.. ..1,277
1906— Gosewich-Muggley. St. Paul 1,160
1907— Listy-Fergruson, Duluth 1,196
1908— Moshofsky-Hinderer, St. Paul 1.246
1909-Yost-Miller, St. Paul. 1.195
1910— Martin-Vandertunk, St. Paul 1,243
1911— Martin- Vandertunk. St. Paul 1.308
1912— Lee-De Vos. Milwaukee 1,222
1913— Klaes-Klaes. Duluth 1,221
1914 — Gibson-Robler. Winnipeg 1.258
1915— Tennyson-Newhouse, Minneapolis. .1,265
1916— Miller-Nystrom. St. Paul 1.201
1917— Wagner-Karlicek. Chicago 1,234
1918— Wilke-Wolfe. Minneapolis 1,309
1919— Metcalf-Matak. St. Paul 1.204
Singles.
1903— Skorish. St. Paul 674
1904— Alness. Minneapolis 658
1905— Kampman, St. Paul 636
1906— G. Olson. Duluth 589
1906— Werner. Winona 589
1907— Wooley, Minneapolis . . 617
1908— Campbell. Duluth 622
1909— Dolan, Minneapolis 636
1910— Johnson. Minneapolis 618
1911— Con Sandblom. St. Paul 693
1912— F. L. Trainer, Sioux City 642
1913— Harry Steers. Chicago 654
1914— Victor Weber. Le Mars, Iowa 671
1915— H. Marino, Chicag-o 679
1916— W. C. Fust. Minneapolis 687
1917— J. N. Deller. Duluth ..705
1918— Joe Shaw. Chicago 669
1919— E. Baumg-arten, Chicago 631
ILLINOIS STATE CHAMPIONSHIP.
The twenty-second annual tournament of the
Illinois Bowling- association was held in Chi-
cago April 25-May 21. 1919. The five-man
event was won by the Americus team of
Chicago with a score of 2.956 points, the
two-man event by Eddie Kelly and Al Toemmel
of Chicago with 1,299 points, the singles by
E. Paul of Peoria with 679 points and the
"all events" by Al Sindelar of Chicago with
1.882 points. Record of winners to date:
Five-Man Teams.
Year. Team and city. Score
1898— Interclub league. Chicago 2,426
1899— Interclub league, Chicago 2.581
1900— Chicago league, Chicago 2,574
1901— Chicago league, Chicago 2,944
1902— Chicago league, Chicago 2,900
1903— South Chicago league. Chicago. . .2.875
1904— Chicago league, Chicago 2,853
Year. Team and city. Score.
1905— W. Side Bus. Men's league. Chi. . .2,855
1906— Bensingers, Chicago 2,882
1907— Lake View league, Chicago 2,920
1908— Howard Majors, Chicago.. ..2,857
1909— Lincolns No. 1, Chicago 2.960
1910— Lipmans, Chicago 2,977
1911— Chalmers-Detroits 2,865
1912— Bruck'8 league, Chicago 2,884
1913— Concordia Reds, Chicago 2.878
1914— Blatz, Chicago 2.975
1915— Chalmers, Chicago 2,893
1916— Mendels. Chicago 2,955
1917— Blouin-Brucks, Chicago 2.964
1918— John Bergs, Chicago 2,915
1919— Americus, Chicago 2,956
Two-Man Teams.
1904— O. W. Schmidt-H. Steers.. ..1.269
1905— P. Ward-D. McGuire 1.216
1906— C. H. Wood-F. Bartsch 1,270
1907— F. Bomer-G. Bomer 1,223
1908— Jack Hoffenkamp-H. Glassner 1,339
1909— J. J. Zust-W. P. Gomph 1,249
1910— Phil Wolf-Jack Reilly 1,218
1911-Louis Levine-Fred Bliss 1,269
1912— Harry Ruth-Fred Collins 1,256
1913— James Stevens-John Rosendal .... 1,243
1914— Paul Holden-Peter Kerpen 1,273
1915— J. and F. Kartheiser 1,251
1916— Bob Wagner-Phil Wolf 1,313
1917— George Hansen-Edward Hunolt. .. .1,209
1918— Edward Hanniford-Pat. Mitchell. .1,242
1919— E. Kelly-A. Toemmel 1,299
Singles.
1898— W. B. Hanna, Chicago *172 5-6
1899— H. E. Shepard, Chicago *190
1900— W. V. Thompson. Interclub .* 197 11-12
1901— Fred Worden, Anson *201 7-9
1902— J. E. Berlin, Sheridan *201 7-9
1903 — Fred Worden, Star 643
1904— Andrew Hall, Chicago 630
1905— R. Wienold. Monroe 711
1906 — James Foley. Union 662
1907— C. Heitschmidt, Lake View 649
1908— Dan Ward, Tosettis 687
1909— Otto A. Kupfer. Southwest 678
1910— Andrejsv Hall, Chicago 725
1911— Arthur Anderson, Lake View 665
1912— George Haug, Chicago 671
1913— Arthur Lutz, Berghoffs 721
1914 — Al Toemmel, Planters 684
1915— H. M. Lampert, Ellis. . . 700
1916— Chris Kaad, Hotel Planters 694
1917— Al Gaul. Jewelers 680
1918— Al Toemmel. Planters t695
1919— E. Paul. Peoria 679
•Averages.
tAfter roll-off with C. Mathiesen.
All Events.
1904— H Steers, Chicago 1.803
1905 — Al Toemmel. Chicago 1,769
1906— D. Woodbury, Chicago ..1.826
1907— August Trapp, Chicago 1.851
1908— Eddie Meyer, Indianapolis 1.854
1909— Sylvester A. Murray, Chicago. .. .1.841
1910— Phil Wolf. Chicago . .1.836
1911— W. V. Thompson. Chicago 1.882
1912— Fred Collins. Chicago.. ..1,826
1913— Al Toemmel. Chicago 1,877
1914— George Ahrbeck. Cappers 1,883
1915— J Danek. Flenners 1.855
1916— Jule Lellinger, Chicago 1,890
1917— Hank Marino, Jeffersons 1.849
1918— Al Toemmel. Chicago 1.918
1919— Al Sindelar, Chicago 1,882
CHICAGO CHAMPIONSHIP RECORD.
Year. Team. Five-Man Teams. Score.
1904-5— Hoffmans . ..2,885
1905-6— Kloempkens . .2.874
1906-7— Quirk No. 1.. ..2,890
1907-8-Eclipse \.. .2,827
1908-9— Lederers 2.865
1909-10— Boiler Pianos 4 .2.961
1910-11— Seng's Springs 2,899
452
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Year Team Scores.
1911* (December)— Goodfrienda ......... 2,990
1912— El Utilas ..................... 2.960
1913— O'Learys ..................... 2,876
1914— O'Learys ..................... 2,906
1915— Nienstadts ................... 2,957
1916— Kleker Plumbers .............. 2,983
1917— Birk Brothers ................. 2,938
1918— Americus .......................... 2,908
Two-Man Teams.
1904-5— Meyer-Peterson .............. 1,283
1905-6— Faetz-Schneider ............. 1,221
1906-7— Woodbury-Stoike ............. 1,246
1907-8— Ehlman-Weeks .............. 1,240
1908-9— Peifer-Steers ................ 1,250
1909-10— Flenner-Collier ............. 1,298
1910-11— Nelson-Metcalf ..................... 1.303
1911 (December)— Blouin-Rolfe ........ 1,312
1912— Toemmel-Kelly ................ }'2}°,
1913— Meyer-Bang-art ................ }«2i?
1914— Gaede-Arnhorst ................ t'ZZZ
1915— Hahn-Trapp .................. t'oa?
1916— Chabot-Siska . ................ 1-261
1917— Geiser-Trapp .................. Voc?
1918— Kelly -Toemmel .................... 1.251
Singles.
1904-5— Georg-e A. Rost ................ 671
1905-6— Robert Wienold ................ 659
1906-7— James Hartwell ................ b78
1907-8— Charles Nelson ................ 684
1908-9— E. D. Peifer .................. 6o9
1909-10-H. A. Walker ................ 697
1910-11— R. Kirch ..................... 676
1911 (December)— Ned Nelson ........... 711
1912— Joe Shaw ...................... 674
1913— Jay Thompson .................. 67<J
1914— P. McGuire ..................... °7b
1915_Frank Kafora ................... 71 0
1916— John Brichetto .................. 662
1917— Chris Kaad .......................... 677,
1918— H. Lehmpuhl ....................... '&•
All Events.
1905— Eddie Meyer .............. . ---- l.|4o
1906— Matt Faetz .................... 1.876
1907— D. Woodbury .................. r «?A
1908— James Blouin .................. 1.9-U
1909— Charles Langmeyer ...... . ...... J'5?3,
1910— H. A. Walker ........... . ...... 1.942
1 911— Al Toemmel
1911 (December)— Ned Nelson
1912— Al Toemmel
1913_William Metcalf
1914-M. Faetz ...................... 1.892
1915— Frank Kafora ................. r|2t
1916— Marvin Erickson ............... 1.875
1917— Chris Kaad .................... 1.903
1918— F. Hoffman ....... ................ 1.870
SKATING.
WESTERN CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The western skating championship races
were held in Washington park. Milwaukee.
Wis Feb. 9, 1919. The Franklin Skating
and" Athletic club of Chieaeo was first in
points with 26. the Northwest Sportsmen's
club of Chicago second with 8 and the Illi-
nois Athletic club third with 5. Summary of
20n yards— Won by Charlie Fisher, Franklin
Skating and A. C.: Roy McWhirter. I A. C..
second; Julian Steinmetz. Franklin Skating
and A. C., third. Time. :22%.
V2 mile— Won by William Steinmetz. Franklin
Skating and A. C.: Julian Steinmetz.Frank-
lin Skating and A. C.. second: McWhirter.
I. A. C.. third. Time. 1:34.
1 mile— Won by Fisher, Franklin Skating and
A C.; William Steinmetz. Franklin Skat-
ing and A. C.. second: Julian Steinmetz,
Franklin Skating and A. C.. third. Time,
Q *~1 Q
2 mile's— Won by William Steinmetz, Franklin
Skating and A. C.: Julian Steinmetz^frank-
lin Skating and A. C.. second: McWhirter,
I. A. C.. third. Time. 6:35%.
1 mile, class B— Won by Zimmerman. Frank-
lin Skating and A. C.: Jac9bson, Norwegian-
American A. A., second: Nielsen, Norwegian-
American A. A., third. Time, 3:36V5.
% mile, class C— Won by Harry, Northwest
Sportsmen's club: Maertz, Northwest Sports-
men's club, second: Nelson, Sleipner A. C..
third. Time, 1:42%.
NORTHWESTERN CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The northwestern skating championships
were decided at Minneapolis, Minn., March 2,
1919. Summaries:
% mile— Won by C. Fisher. Milwaukee: C.
Jewtraw, Lake Placid, second; Ed Horton.
Saranac Lake, third. Time :40.
% mile— Won by Jewtraw: C. Fisher, second;
H. Thome. Toronto, third. Time. 1:30%.
1 mile— Won by Fisher; L. Grieb. Milwaukee,
second: J. Hennessy, Lake Placid, third.
Time. 2:54.
2 miles— Won by Jewtraw: M. Topper. Chi-
cago, second: C. Fisher, third. Time, 6:05%.
% mile for boys under 17— Won by Gus Fetz,
Chicago: T. Norris, St. Paul, second; Morris
Baker. Chicago, third. Time, 1 :46V5.
EASTERN CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The eastern skating championships were de-
cided on Lake Placid. N. Y.. Feb. 21. 22.
1919. Charles Jewtraw of Lake Placid proved
the star of the meet, taking all of the honors
in the senior events. Summaries:
220 yard senior— Won by Charles Jewtraw.
Lake Placid: Ed Horton, Saranac Lake, sec-
ond; Charles Fisher, Milwaukee, third. Time.
:20.
"Vz mile senior — Won by Charles Jewtraw:
Charles Fisher, second: Joe Moore. New
York, third. Time. 1:20.
440 yards senior— Won by Charles Jewtraw:
second, Ed Horton: third, Russell Wheeler.
Montreal. Time. :38%.
1 mile, senior — Won by Charles Jewtraw: sec-
ond. David Shultz, Chicago: third. James
Hennessy. Lake Placid. Time 2:53%.
3 miles, senior— Won by Charles Jewtraw:
second, Ray Bryant, Lake Placid; third.
Charles Fisher. Time, 9:15%.
Ed Horton of Saranac Lake clipped another
two-fifths of a second from his previous rec-
ord of 220 yards over four hurdles, doing it
in 21% seconds.
SLEIPNER SKATING DERBY.
The twenty-third annual skating Derby of
the Sleipner Athletic club took place in Hum-
boldt park. Chicago. Jan. 5, 1919. In the
Class A. 1 mile event, William Steinmetz of
the Franklin Skating club won in 3:19. The
class B, 1 mile race was won by Wallace
Fee of the Swift playground in 3:37 and the
class C, 1 mile race, by Henry Quirk of the
Northwest Skating club in 4:29. The Herlihy
cup for the winner of the 2-mile team relay
race was taken by the Franklin club skating
team, consisting of J. and W. Steinmetz.
Charles Fisher and M. Topper.
FRANKLIN 'SKATTNG DERBY.
The annual skating Derby of the Franklin
Skating and Athletic club, held in Humboldt
park, Chicago. Jan. 26. 1919. was won by the
home club, which made 33 points to 8 by its
nearest competitor, the Lightning Athletic club.
The 1-mile class A race was won by J.
Steinmetz in 3:56%. The 1-mile class B
race by Berg of the Norwegian A. A., and
the 1-mile class C race by A. C. Topper of
the Franklin club. The half mile race for
Great Lakes jackies was won by Arthur Staff
in 2:04. The 2-mile handicap race was won
by W. Steinmetz in 8:33. The 2-mile team
race was won by Paul Quirk and Schultz of
the Lightning club.
ALVERNO SKATING DERBY.
In the annual skating Derby of the Alverno
A. A. in Humboldt park. Chicago, Jan. 19.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
453
1919, the 1-mile class A race was won by
William Steinmetz in 3:30. The 1-mile class
B race was won by Huske in 4:03% and the
1-mile class C race by Kaskey in 4:02%. The
meet was won by Franklin club with a total
of thirty points.
SILVER SKATES DERBY.
Charles Fisher of Milwaukee, competing1 un-
der the colors of the Franklin Skating1 and
Athletic club of Chicago, won the third an-
nual Tribune Silver Skates Derby in Humboldt
park. Chicago. Jan. 26, 1919, taking the final
heat of 2 miles in 8:20. Julian Steinmetz
was second. The Junior Silver Skates Derby,
1 mile, was won by Julian Steinmetz in 4:12.
Winners of the Silver Skates Derby to date:
1917— Art Staff. I L919— Charles Fisher.
1918— Sigurd Larsen. I
NORTHWEST S. C. DERBY.
The Northwest Sportsmen's club held its
twenty-eighth annual ice skating Derby at
Humboldt park, Chicago. Feb. 8. 1919. The
Franklin Skating and Athletic club won with
27 points. The Delano playground was sec-
ond with 7 points and the Northwest Sports-
men's club third with 6 points. William Stein-
metz of the Franklin club won the ^ mile
class A race in :42% and the 1% mile class
A race in 5:06%. The % mile race class C,
was won by Zimmerman. Franklin S. and A.
C.. in 2 :36V5. and the 1 mile class B race was
taken by Kaskey. Corkery playground, in
3:39%. The % mile handicap for women
•was won by Miss Rose Johnson from scratch
in 1:59.
NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN A. A. DERBY.
The Norwegian-American A. A. skating1
Derby, held at the Chicago Arena. Feb. lo,
1919. was won by the Franklin Skating and
A C . with 32 points. The Norwegian-
American A. A. was second with 7 Points.
The 1 mile class A race was won by Charles
Fisher in 3:01%, the 1 mile class B race by
Paul Horrigan in 3:17. He also won the J
mile class C race, his time being 3:14%. The
2 mile handicap race was won by David
Schultz of the Lightning- A. C. with a handi-
cap of 100 yards. Time. 6:14%.
MATHISEN VS. NELSON.
Oscar Mathisen of Norway defeated Charles
Nelson of St. Paul, champion skater of the
northwest, in three races at Eau Claire Wis..
Feb. 23. His time was: Half mile. I:2iy5;
mile. 2:56%: 2 miles. 6:32. The compara-
tively slow time was due to soft ice.
BILLIARDS.
18-2 CHAMPIONSHIP.
In an 18-2 billiard tournament held in New
York city and ending Oct. 25, 1919. Willie
Hoppe easily retained the championship. Stand-
ing of the players:
Hoppe 6* 0*
Morningstar 4 '
Cochran 4 2
Schaefer 3 3
Button 2 4
Yamada 2 4
Slosson 0 6
AMATETJR CHAMPIONSHIP.
Dave McAndless of the Chicago Athletic as-
sociation won the national amateur balkline
billiard championship of the United States- in
the nineteenth annual tournament which was
held in the rooms of the Chicago Athletic as-
sociation Feb. 27-March 8. 1919. Percy Col-
lins of the Illinois A. C. was second, Robert
Lord of the Chicago Elks third and Corwin
Huston of Detroit fourth. H. C. Allison of
Detroit. J. E. C. Morton of Philadelphia and
H.R.
164
149
265
155
148
115
95
G.A.
45 5-53
26 3-76
21 47-83
22 44-92
1843-113
16 3-100
12 27-99
Percy P. Trump of Pittsburg followed in the
order named. The standing of the players at
the close of the tournament, the play off of a
tie between McAndless and Collins being in-
cluded :
WX.HR. H.A. G.A.
McAndless. Chi. ...5 1 77 12 9108-184
Collins. Chi 5 1 85 15 5-19 9 54-171
Lord, Chi 4 2 84 12 12-24 8157-197
Huston. Det 4 2 69 9 21-31 7 16-227
Allison. Det 2 4 54 11 2-25 6 17-240
Morton. Phil 1 5 36 8 4-26 5110-122
Trump, Pitts 0 6 28 5 25-40 4 lbU-~79
Champions flip List.
1901— A. R._Townsend. .1911— J. F. Poggen-
1902— E. W. Gardner.
1903— W. P. Foss.
1904— J. F. Poggen-
burg-.
1905— C. F. Conklin.
1906— E. W. Gardner.
burg1.
1912— Morris Brown.
1913— Joseph Mayer.
1914— E. W. Gardner.
1915— Joseph Mayer.
1916— E. W. Gardner.
1917— Nathan Hall.
1918— Corwin Huston.
1919— D. McAndless.
1907— C. Demarest.
1908— C. Damarest.
1909— H. A. Wright.
1910— E. W. Gardner.
In 1909 the play was changed from 14-2 to
18-2 balk line.
AMATEUR THREE-CUSHION CHAMPION-
SHIP.
Arthur Newman of Brooklyn won the first
three-cushion championship of the National
Association of Amateur Billiard Players in th&
first annual tournament held in New York,
N. Y.. in April. 1919. The standing of the
players at the close of the tournament on
April 10 was:
Player. Won. Lost. H.R. Pet.
Arthur Newman 4 0 8 l.OOO
Earl Patterson 2 2 5 .500
W. H. Finn 2 2 5 .500
Harry Levine . ...1 3 4 .250
Gus Gardner 1 3 4 .250
CLASS B CHAMPIONSHIP.
In the national amateur Class B 18-2 balk-
line billiard championship tournament played
in the Brooklyn (N. Y.) Academy and ending-
Feb. 22, 1919, George T. Moon. Jr., former
president of the National Association of
Amateur Billiard Players, was the winner. The
final standing- of the players was:
W. L. H.R. Ave.
George T. Moon, Jr... 4 0 56 8
Chas. P. Matthews.... 2 2 *35 432-42
Julian Rice 2 2 35 614-31
Fred'k C. Burnham....2 2 39 618-24
Herbert G. Merrill.... 0 4 23 416-27
'Unfinished.
COCHRAN VS. JAKE SCHAEFER. JR.
Walker Cochran of New York defeated Jake
Schaefer, Jr.. of San Francisco in a 4.20O
point 18-2 balkline billiard match played in
Detroit, Mich., Jan. 6-12, 1919. by making the
total required while his opponent acvum^ated
3.855. The winner's high run was 188 and his
grand average 31-.81.
In a 3.600 point match played in Chicago
and ending Jan. 18, 1919, Schaefer was the
winner, reaching the required number of
points while Cochran was making 3,100.
Schaefer's grand average was 26 90-135 and
Cochran's 22 130-135.
KIECKHEFER VS. MAUPOME.
In a three-block three-cushion billiard game
for the world's championship, played in Chi-
cago Jan. 6. 7 and 8, 1919, Augie Kieckhefer
of Chicago defeated Pierre Maupome of Mil-
waukee by a total score of 150 to 141 in
191 innings. High runs: Kieckhefer, 8:
Maupome, 5.
DE ORO VS. KIECKHEFER.
Alfredo de Oro of New York defeated Augie
Kieckhefer of Chicago in a three-block match.
454
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
of three-cushion billiards played in Chicago
Feb. 14. 15 and 16. 1919, by a total score
of 150 to 148. The contest was for the
world's championship at that style of play.
DE ORO VS. COPULOS.
In Detroit, Mich., March 27-29. De Oro de-
feated Gus Copulos in a three-block three-
cushion match for the world's championship
by a score of 150 to 94.
CANNEFAX VS. DE ORO.
In a three-block match for the championship
at three-cushion billiards played in New York,
N. Y., May 2, 3 and 4, 1919. Robert L. Can-
nefax of St. Louis. Mo., defeated Afredo de
Oro by a total score ol 150 to 141.
HIGH RUN AT 18-2 BALKLINE BILLIARDS
In the course of a balkline 18-2 billiard
match with Walker Cochran in Chicago Jan.
17, 1919, Jake Schaefer made a run of 307,
equaling the record held by Cochran and com-
ing within one point of that made by Willie
Hoppe in the 18-2 handicap tournament played
in New York in November, 1915.
POCKET BILLIARDS.
Amateur Championship.
J. Howard Shoemaker successfully defended
his title to the amateur championship title at
pocket billiards in the tournament held at the
New York Athletic club and ending March 25,
1919. His opponent in the deciding1 game was
William A. Tilt, whom he defeated by a score
of 125 to 25.
FLY AND BAIT CASTING.
NATIONAL AMATEUR CASTING ASSOCIA-
TION RECORDS.
Light tackle accuracy fly— 100% : F. E. Moffett.
J. E. Amman and I. H. Bellows.
Light tackle dry fly accuracy— 100% : I. H. Bel-
Heavy" tackle accuracy fly— 100%: Dr. C. O.
Dorchester.
Salmon fly, longest cast— 157 feet; Dr. Halford
J. Morlan.
Salmon fly. average for five casts— 142 feet:
Dr. Halford J. Morlan.
Salmon fly, average for three casts — 147%
feet; Dr. Halford J. Morlan.
Hobble distance fly. average for five consecu-
tive shoots— 32 feet; Dr. Halford J. Morlan.
Hobble distance fly. longest single shoot — 46
feet: Dr. H. J. Morlan.
Hobble distance fly. longest cast— 115 feet: Dr.
H. J. Morlan.
Light tackle distance fly. longest cast— 125 feet:
Dr. H. J. Morlan.
Light tackle distance fly. average for five casts
— 110 feet: L. E. DeGarmo.
Light tackle distance fly. average for three
casts— 119 feet: Dr. Halford J. Morlan.
Delicacy and accuracy fly— 99 20-30%: L. E.
DeGarmo.
% ounce accuracy bait— 99.7%; F. E. Moffett,
L. E. DeGarmo and J. Ev Amman.
% ounce accuracy bait— 99.7%; F. E. Moffett.
Pork chunk, fishing tackle, heavy line— 98.6%;
L. E. DeGarmo.
% ounce accuracy bait (unknown distances) —
99.6%; J. E. Amman.
% ounce distance bait (average five casts) —
217% feet: F. E. Moffett.
% ounce distance bait (longest cast)— 229
feet: W. O. Holton.
?4 ounce distance bait (average five casts) —
168% feet: F. E. Moffett.
% ounce distance bait (longest cast)— 195 feet;
F. E. Moffett.
All around American champion— Dr. Halford J.
Morlan.
National Amateur Casting Association— President,
Dr. H. J. Morlan. 30 North Michigan avenue.
Chicago ; secretary. F. E. Moffett, 225 East Illi-
nois street. Chicago.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION RECORDS.
[Compiled by Fred N. Peet. 214 West Huror
street. Chicago. 111.]
Following are the records made tinder the
rules of the National Association of Scientific
Angling Clubs:
All round championship fly and bait casting —
William Stanley. 26 demerits. Chicago. Aug
29 to Sept. 1. 1919.
Salmon casting— Fred N. Peet, 162 feet (rod
15 feet), San Francisco, Cal., Aug. 13. 1915
Long distance fly— Walter D. Mansfield. 134
feet (rod unlimited), San Francisco. Cal.,
Aug. 15, 1915.
Long distance fly— H. C. Golscher, 116 feet (5
ounce rod), San Francisco, Cal., Aug. 12.
Long distance fly— C. J. McCarthy and W. C.
Luebbert, 115 feet (4 ounce rod). Chicago,
Aug. 31, 1919.
Dry fly delicacy and accuracy at buoys 35. 40
and 45 feet— Fred N. Peet, 99 7-30%, Racine
Wis., Aug. 15. 1907.
Distance and accuracy at buoys 50, 55 and 60
feet— T. A. Forsyth, 99 13-15%. Chicago
Aug. 18, 1910.
Dry fly accuracy at buoys 20. 27*, 35, 42*.
50 feet— F. Kleinfeldt, 99 10-1570 (5 ounce
rod), Chicago. Sept. 6. 1914, and William
Stanley, 99 10-15%, Chicago. Aug. 23. 1918.
% ounce accuracy bait at buoys 60. 70, 80
90 and 100 feet— F. A. Smithby. 99 7-10%.
Chicago, Aug. 25, 1918.
14 ounce accuracy bait at buoys 60, 65 70.
75, and 80 feet— William Stanley. 99 6-10%.
Chicago, Sept. 1, 1919.
% ounce long distance bait— B. F. Flegel, 222
feet, 1 inch (average 6 casts). Chicago,
Sept. 7, 1914.
*4 ounce long distance bait— B. F. Flegel, 177
feet 5 inches (average 5 casts). Chicago,
Sept. 5, 1914.
% ounce long distance bait casting, longest
cast — C. E. Lingenfelter, 274 feet, Chicago
Aug. 30, 1919.
% ounce slam event (longest cast in five) —
Oscar Lane. 240 feet, San Francisco, Cal.,
Aug. 14. 1915.
V± ounce slam event (longest cast in five) — Fred
N. Peet. 153 feet, San Francisco, Cal., Aug.
13. 1915.
Two handed surf casting. 2% ounce — F. B.
Rice, 269% feet, New York. Aug. 21, 1909.
American Records.
Salmon casting (world record) — Fred N. Peet,
162 feet (15 foot rod), San Francisco, Cal.,
Aug. 13. 1915.
Switch fly casting— H. W. Hawes. 102 feet.
Central park. New York, 1887.
Long distance fly casting (heavy rod) — W. D.
Mansfield, 134 feet; rod 11 feet, 10 ounces;
San Francisco. 1915.
Long distance fly casting (5 ounce rod) — W. D.
Mansfleld, 129 feet 6 inches; San Francisco,
1902.
Dry fly casting for delicacy and accuracy at
buoys 35, 40 and 45 feet— Fred N. Peet.
99 5-15%. at Kalamazoo, Mich.. Aug. 3,
1906.
Long distance bait casting, % ounce, longest
cast— B. F. Flegel, 193 feet 4 inches. Chicago
Sept. 5. 1914.
Long distance bait, % ounce, longest cast—
C. E. Lingenfelter. 274 feet. Chicago. Aug.
30. 1919.
National Association of Scientific Angling
Clubs — President, E R. Letterman, Chicago;
secretary, J. E. Lane. Chicago.
ATHLETICS.
NATIONAL A. A. U, CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The annual championship contests of the
Amateur Athletic Union of the United States
took place on Franklin field. Philadelphia.
Sept. 12-13. 1919. In the junior events the.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
455
New York Athletic club led with 34 points
The Boston Athletic association was secon
with 20 points, while the Meadowbrook club o
Philadelphia and the Multnomah A. A. C. o
Portland. Ore., tied for third with 18 point
each. One record was bettered — that for th
javelin throw. Arthur Tuck of the Multnoma
club setting the mark at 178 feet 4% inches
In the senior athletic contests first place wa
taken by the New York Athletic club with 4
points. The Chicago Athletic club was sec
ond with 40 and the Illinois Athletic clu"
third with 26 points. The feature was th
mile run by Joie Ray of the Illinois A. C.
who covered the distance in 4:14%, bettering'
his own record by 4 seconds.
Summary of the Senior Contests.
440 yard low hurdles— Won by F. G. Smart
Chicago A. A.; William H. Meanix. Bosto.
A. A., second: John R. Sellers, New York
A. C.. New York, third: J. F. Murray, Jr
New York A. C., New York, fourth. Tim
:55%.
100 yard dash— Won by William D. Hayes, Bos-
ton A. A.; Loren Murchison. N. Y. A. C
New York, second; Henry Williams. Spokan
A. A. C.. third: Peter J. White, Salem
Crescent A. C.. New York, fourth. Time
:10V5.
120 yard high hurdles— Won by Robert I
Simpson. Illinois A. C.. Chicago: Fred W
Kelly. N. Y. A. C.. second: Harold E. Bar
ron. Meadowbrook club. Philadelphia, third
Time :15M>.
One mile run— Won by Joie Ray. Illinois
A. C.. Chicago: E. H. Fall, Jr.. Chicago A. A
second: James W. Connolly. Boston A. A.
third; Clyde Stout. Illinois A. C.. fourth
Time. 4:14% (new record).
440 yard run— Won by Frank J. Shea. Pitts
burgh A.: James J. O'Brien. Loughlin Lyce
um, Brooklyn, second; J. W. Driscoll, Boston
A. A., third: P. S. Spink. Chicago A. A
fourth. Time. :50y5.
200 yard dash— Won by Henry Williams. Spo
kane A. A. C., Washington; Loren Murchison
N. Y. A. C.. New York, second: Morris M
Kirysey, Olympic club, San Francisco, third
William D. Hayes. Boston A. A., fourth
Time. :21%.
5 mile run— Won by Charles Pores. Melrose
A. A.. New York: Patrick Flynn. Paulist A.
C.. New York, second: Max Bohland, Paul-
ist A. C.. New York, third; H. C. Ackerman.
Meadowbrook club, Philadelphia, fourth.
Time. 26:02.
220 yard low hurdles— Won by Robert I. Simp-
son. I. A. C., Chicago; Earl J. Thompson,
Boston A. A., second: Jo Loomis. Chicago
A. A., third: Willard Wells, Multnomah A.
C., Portland, Ore., fourth. Time, 24%.
3 mile walk— Won by William Plant. Morning-
side A. C.. New York: J. Pearman. N. Y. A.
C.. second: Richard F. Remer. unattached,
New York, third: E. Renz. N. Y. A. C..
fourth. Time. 22:01%.
880 yard run— Won by Joie Ray. Illinois A. C..
Chicago: E. H. Fall. Chicago A. A., second:
Homer Baker. Glencoe A. C.. New York,
third: Sandy Evans. Salem Crescent A. C.,
New York, fourth. Time 1:56.
High jump — Won by John Murphy. Multnomah
A. A. C.. Portland. Ore., height 6 feet 3 3/16
inches (new record) : Harry Barwise, Boston
A. A.. 6 feet 2% inches, second: Walter
Whalen. Boston A. A.. 6 feet 1% inches,
third: R. Landon. New York A. C.. 6 feet
1% inches, fourth.
Running broad jump — Won by F. J. Smart.
Chicago A. A.. 22 feet 7% inches: S. G. Lan-
ders. Chicago A. A.. 21 feet 10% inches, sec-
ond: Dave Politzer. Mohawk A. C.. 21 feet
10 inches, third: M. Whitehouse. Glencoe A.
C.. New York. 21 feet, fourth.
16 pound hammer— Won by Patrick Ryan.
Hop. step and jump-Won "by S. G. Landers.
A* A " 47 feet 8^ inches: E Almlof N v
lh^™^TCOIld',26,?eet 4^ ^ches: Dan F
16 pound shotput— Won by Patrick McDonald
c:xdlltanf2 I5 &\ s. inche3: A. 3;
YwsfejWiSejwB*
r C
(Loren Murchison. Fred >W. Kell? A ' B
y.L. B. Patterson): Meadowbrook club
Timp S 'ft'72£ ^^** ciuOf JriiiiEQ.6lpiiia, third.
. H. Meanix) ; Chicago A A second •'
Loughlin Lyceum. N-w York * third- M°"d
. fourth ' Time\
Illinois A. C.. Chi-
2'
ALL AROUND CHAMPIONSHIP
6HariS° T11011180" of Los Angel
'^^A*1*?!*' Mic£" was second with 5,592%.
> 0391T Roberts of Boston, third with
Record of Champions and Points.
le~ ™- 5? Thompson. Montreal 5.304
8§o— M. W. Ford. New York 5.045
~ -T- ^' Ford. New York.'.'. .'.'Viei
889— A. A. Jordan. New York 5.'520
456
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1890— A. A. Jordan. New York 5.358
1891— A. A. Jordan. New York 6.189
1892— E W. Goff. New York 5.232
1893— E. W. Goff, New York 4,860
1894— E. W. Goff. New York 5.748
1895— J. Cosgrrove. Albany 4.406%
18&6— L. P. Sheldon. Yale 5.380
1897— E. H. Clark. Boston 6,244%
1898— E. C. White. New York 5.243
1899— J. F. Powers. Worcester 6.203
1900— Harry Gill. Toronto 6.360%
1901— A. B. Gunn. Buffalo 5.739
1902— A. B. Gunn. Buffalo 6.260%
1903— E. H. Clark. Boston 6.318%
1904— Thomas F. Kieley. Ireland 6.086
1905— Martin J. Sheridan. New York.. 6. 820%
1906— Thomas F. Kieley. Ireland 6.274
1907— Martin J. Sheridan. New York.. .7.130%
1908— J. L. Bredemus. Princeton 5.809
1909— Martin J. Sheridan. New York.. 7.385
1910— F. C. Thomson, Los Angeles 6.991
1911— F. C. Thomson. Los Angeles 6.709
1912— James Thorpe, Carlisle 7,476
1913— F. C. Thomson. Los Angeles 7.411%
1914— A very Brundage. Chicaero 6.999
1915— Alma W. Richards. Chicago*.... 6. 858.8
1916— A very Brundagre. Chicago 6.468%
1917— Harry Goelitz, Chicago 5.702
1918— A very Brundage. Chicago 6.708%
1919— Sr>m'l H. Thomson. Los Angeles. 6.133%
*In decathlon. San Francisco exposition.
CENTRAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The Central A. A. U. senior outdoor track
and field championships for 1919 were decided
at the lake front "stadium," Chicago. Aug. 16,
The Chicago Athletic association's team took
first place with 117 points. The Illinois
Athletic club was second with 73. Logan
Square A. C.. third with 12 and the Univer-
sity of Chicago fourth with 11 points. Event
winners :
100 yard dash-^To Loomis, C. A. A. Time,
:10%.
220 yard dash— Feuerstein. I. A. C. Time. 23%.
440 yard run— Curtis. U. of C. Time. :51%.
880 yard run— Ray. I. A. C. Time. 1:58%.
1 mile run— Ray, I. A. C. Time. 4:18M>.
1 mile relay— C. A. A. Time. 3 :30.
6 mile run— Henkel. Logan Square A. C. Time,
27:34%.
120 yard high hurdles — Loomis, C. A. A.
Time. :15%.
220 yard low hurdles — Loomis. C. A. A. Time,
:26.
440 yard hurdles— Smart, C. A. A. Time. :59%.
3 mile walk— Zeller. C. A. A. Time, 24:47.
Pole vault— Foss. C. A. A. Height. 12 feet
9 inches.
Shotput. 16 pounds— Gorgas. C. A. A.. Dis-
tance, 41 feet 5 inches.
Running high jump — Krogness, Jr.. C. A. A.
Height, 5 feet 11 inches.
Running broad jump — Lowrie. C. A. A. Dis-
tance. 21 feet 8% inches.
Hammer throw, 16 pounds — Benson, C. A. A.
Distance. 149 feet 5 inches.
Discus throw — Brundage, C. A. A. Distance,
126 feet 4% inches.
56 pound weight for distance — Shanahan, I. A.
C. Distance. 32 feet.
Javelin throw— Angrier, I. A. C. Distance, 171
feet 5 inches. ,
Running hop. step and jump — Distance. 46 feet
6% inches.
EASTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAMPION-
SHIPS.
Harvard stadium. Cambridge. Mass., May 31.
1919.
100 yard dash— W. C. Haymond, Pennsylvania.
Time. :10.
220 yard dash — W. C. Haymond. Pennsylvania.
Time. :2>1%.
440 yard run— K. A. Mayer. Cornell. Time.
:49%.
Broad jump — Carl Johnson. Michigan: 23 feet
10% inches.
880 yard run— K. A. Mayer, Cornell; 1:56%.
1 mile run— D. F. O'Connell. Harvard; 4:23%.
2 mile run— Ivan C. Dresser, Cornell; 9:22%.
High j ump— Richmond Landon, Yale; 6 feet 2
inches.
Pole vault — E. E. Meyers, Dartmouth; 12 feet
6 inches.
16 pound shotput— W. H. Allen, Maine; 44
feet 6% inches.
Hammer throw— L. F. Weld. Dartmouth; 143 ,
feet 2% inches.
220 yard low hurdles— Walter Smith. Cornell;
120 yard high hurdles— Walter Smith, Cornell;
:15y5.
In points Cornell was the winner with 39%.
Pennsylvania was secon.d with 29, Michigan
third with 25% and Harvard fourth with 23.
Eastern Intercollegiate Records.
Made in annual championship meets.
100 yard dash— :09%, B. J. Wefers, George-
town. 1896: R. C. Craig, Michigan. 1911. and
J. E. Patterson. Pennsylvania. 1913.
220 yard dash— :21%. R. C. Craig. Michigan.
1910 and 1911, and Don Lippincott. Penn-
sylvania. 1913.
440 yard run— :47%. J. E. 'Meredith. Pennsyl-
880 yard run— 1:53. J. E. Meredith. Pennsyl-
vania. 1916.
1 mile run— 4:14%. J. P. Jones. Cornell. 1913
(world's amateur reoord).
2 mile run— 9:22%, I. C. Dresser. Cornell, 1919.
120 yard high hurdles— :15. F. S. Murray. Le-
land Stanford. Jr., 1916.
220 yard hurdles— :23%. A. C. Kraenzlein. Penn-
sylvania. 1898, and J. Wendell. Wesleyan.
1913.
High jump— 6 feet 4% inches, W. M. Oler. Yale.
1915.
Broad jump— 24 feet 4% inches, A. C. Kraenz-
lein. Pennsylvania. 1899.
Pole vault— 13 feet 1 inch. Robert Gardner.
Yale. 1912.
16 pound hammer— 165 feet % inch, H. T.
Bailey. Maine. 1915.
16 pound shot — 48 feet 10% inches. R. L, Beat-
ty. Columbia, 1912.
1 mile walk— 6:45%, W. B. Fetterman, Jr..
Pennsylvania. 1898.
WESTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAMPION-
SHIPS.
Stagg field. Chicago, June 7, 1919.
100 yard dash— W. J. Hayes, Notre Dame;
:9%.
220 yard dash— W. J. Hayes. Notre Dame;
•22%
440 "yard run— E. C. Curtiss. Chicago; :49V5.
880 yard run— S. H. Speer, Chicago; 1:57%.
1 mile run— H. H. McCosh. Chicago; 4:32%.
2 mile run— W. T. Foreman. Kansas State;
9:50%.
120 yard high hurdles— C. E. Johnson, Michi-
gan; :15%.
220 yard low hurdles— C. E. Johnson, Michi-
gan: :25.
Running high jump — C. E. Johnson, Michigan;
6 feet 2M, inches.
Running broad jump — C. E. Johnson, Michi-
gan: 24 feet 1 inch.
Pole vault— P. W. Graham. Chicago, and G. C.
Bucheldt. Illinois, tied for first: 12 feet.
Discus throw— E. N. Gilfillan. Notre Dame;
133 feet % inch.
Shotput-J. L. Baker. Michigan; 42 feet 2%
inches.
Hammer throw— C. C. Smith. Michigan; 136
feet 3 inches.
Mile relay— Nebraska: 3:24%.
In points Michigan was first with 44%; Chi-
cago second. 34; Illinois third. 22; Notre
Dame fourth. 21; Kansas State A. C. fifth. 12:
Iowa State sixth, 8; Nebraska and Wisconsin
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
457
tied for seventh. 7 each; Wabash. American S. \JL. C., 18; Northwestern, 13; Ames college 5'
of O.. Northwestern, State University of Iowa > Great Lakes. 3; Wabash Y. M. C. A., 2; Nor-
and Indiana tied for eighth. 3 each.
Western Intercollegiate ftecords.
Made in annual championship meets.
100 yard dash— :09%. Blair, Chicago. 1903: W.
W. May. Illinois. 1907 and 1908: Ward,
Chicago, 1915 and W. J. Hayes, Notre Dame,
1 Q1 Q
220 yard dash— :21%, Hahn, Michigan. 1903;
Ward. Chicago, 1915, and Smith, Wisconsin.
440 yard run — :47%, Disirrond. Chicago, 1916.
880 yard run— 1:53%. Camppell, Chicago. 1915,
and Scott. Mississippi Aggies, 1916.
1 mile run— 4:15%. Fall. Oberlin. 1917.
2 mile run— 9:29%. Stout. Chicago. 1916.
120 yard high hurdles— :14%, Simpson. Mis-
souri. 1916.
220 yard low hurdles— :23%, Simpson. Missouri.
Running high jump— 6 feet 2% inches, C. E.
Johnson. Michigan, 1919.
Running broad jump— 24 feet 1 inch, C. E.
Johnson, Michigan, 1919.
Pole vault— 12 feet 8& inches. J. Gold, Wis-
consin. 1913.
16 pound hammer — 160 feet 4 inches, K. Shat-
tuck. California. 1913.
16 pound shot — i7 feet
'
inch, Rose. Michi-
Di^cu's throw— 155 feet 2 inches. Mucks, Wis-
consin, 1916.
Javelin throw— 194 feet 11 inches, Higgins. Chi-
cago. 1917.
1 mile relay— 3:21%. Chicago. 1915.
INDOOR CHAMPIONSHIPS.
National.
The National Amateur Athletic union's an-
nual senior indoor track and field champion-
ship meet was held in the 13th regiment
armory in New York city, March 8. 1919.
Lieut William H. Taylor of the Marietta (O.)
Y. M. C. A. broke a world's record with a
standing high jump of 5 feet 4% inches. The
best previous record was 5 feet 4% inches
made by Platt Andrews of New York. In
points the Boston Athletic association was first
with 13. The Marietta Y. M. C. A. and the
St. Louis A. A. were tied for second place
•with 10 points each. Summary of winners:
60 yard run— Won by Loren Murchison, St.
Louis A. A. Time. :06%.
300 yard run— Won by Loren Murchison. Time,
:32^.
600 yard run— Won by John R. Sellers, unat-
tached. Time. 1:15%.
1,000 yard run— Won by Joie Ray, I. A. C.
2 mile run— Won by Gordon Nightingale. Nfew
Hampshire State college. Time, 9:28%.
70 yard high hurdles— Won by Walker Smith.
Cornell university. Time, :09% (equaling
world's record).
16 pound shotput— Won by Patrick J. McDon-
ald, unattached. Distance, 44 feet 7 inches.
Standing high jump— Won by Lieut. William H.
Taylor, Marietta Y. M. C. A. Height, 5 feet
4^4 inches (world's record).
Standing broad jump — Won by Lieut. William
H. Taylor. Distance, 10 feet 5% inches.
CENTRAL A. A. U.
The Central A. A. U. indoor championship
meet of 1919 was held in the Coliseum. Chi-
cago, April 10, 11 and 12 and resulted in a
victory for the Chicago Athletic association
with 52 points in the senior contests and 30
Soints in the junior contests. The final stand-
is: in the senior contests was: Chicago A. A.,
52; Illinois A. C.. 34; University of Chicago.
22: Northwestern, 4; Great Lakes, 2; Logan
Square A. C., 2; Ames college. 1: unattached.
1. Final standing in junior contests: Chicago
A. A., 30; University of Chicago, 30; Illinois
wegian-American, A. C., 2: Logan Square A
C., 1. Oak Park won the high school con-
tests with 44 points to 40 for Hyde Park
and 10 for Crane.
The feature of the meet was the breaking of
the world's indoor record for 1 mile by Joie
W. Ray of the Illinois A. C., on the opening
night, when he made the distance in 4:14%,
the former record, held by Johnnie Overton of
Yale, being 4:16. Tom Campbtll of the Uni-
versity race ran 600 yards in 1:13%, beating
the former world's record of 1:13%. made by
Tom Halpin of New York in 1914. Ray made
a new Central A. A. U. record for half a mile
when he covered the distance in 1:57%. Sum-
mary of winners in senior events:
60 yard dash— J. Loomis. U. of C. Time, :06%.
440 yard run— Kennedy. U. of C. Time. :52%.
880 yard run— Ray, I. A. C. Time, 1:57%
(new Central A. A. U. record).
1 mile run— Ray, I. A. C. Time. 4:14% (new
world's indoor record).
2 mile run— Ray, I. A. C. Time, 9:16% (new
Central A. A. U. record).
1 mile relay— Chicago U. Time, 3:27% (new
Central A. A. U. record).
60 yards, low hurdles— J. Loomis. Time. :07%.
60 yards, high hurdles — Frank Loomis, C. A. A.
Time. :08.
Running high jump — J. Loomis. Height, 6
feet.
Pole vault— Foss. C. A. A. Height, 13 feet
2 inches.
16 pound shotput— Kimball, U. of C. Distance,
43 feet 6 inches.
Western Conference.
The University of Michigan won the ninth
annual indoor track and field meet of the
Western Intercollegiate Conference Athletic
association in the Patten gymnasium, Evans-
ton. ILL. March 22, 1919. with a total score
of 36V2 points. Chicago university was second
with 34% points. The other contestants fin-
ished in the following order: Illinois, 18;
Northwestern, 13; Purdue, 4%; Minnesota. 2;
Iowa, 1V2; Wisconsin, 1. The winners in the
various events were:
50 yard dash— Won by Johnson. Michigan.
Time, :05%. (Ties world's record.)
440 yard run— Won by Kennedy, Chicago.
Time, :53%.
mile run— Won by Speer, Chicago.
2:04.
Time.
1 mile run— Won by McCosh, Chicago. Time,
4:40.
2 mile run— Won by McCosh, Chicago. Time
9:48.
1 mile relay— Won by Chicago team. Time,
3:35%.
Pole vault — Won by Eielson, Northwestern.
Height, 12 feet 4 inches.
Running high jump — Won by Johnson, Michi-
gan. Height, 5 feet 11 inches.
60 yard high hurdles — Won by Johnson, Michi-
gan. Time. :08.
Shotput — Won by Smith, Michigan. Distance,
41 feet 2% inches.
Championship Eecord.
Winner. Points.
1911— Chicago 36
1912— Illinois . ..31
1913— Wisconsin 3316
1914— Illinois 36
1915— Chicago 37^4
1916— Illinois 41%
1917-Chicago 38
1918— Michigan 42
1919— Michigan 36^
FRANKLIN FIELD RELAY RACES.
The national championship relay races, for
colleges and high schools were run on Frank-
458
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
lin field. Philadelphia. Pa.. April 25-26. 1919.
with the following results:
American collegre championship distance med-
ley relay race, %. %, % mile — Won by Chicago
(Harris. Speer. Moore. McCosh) : Princeton,
second: Iowa State, third; Syracuse, fourth.
Time. 10:45%.
American college championship sprint medley
relay race, first and second men each ran
220 yards, third man 440 yards, fourth man
880 yards— Won by Pennsylvania (Davis.
! Haymond. Smith. Gustafson) : Pennsylvania
' State (Taylor. Hocker. Demming. Orr), sec-
ond: Dartmouth (Davis. Carto. Marto, Coak-
ley). third: Lehigrh (Schultz. Pengelly. Doan.
Grace), fourth. Time. 3:38%.
2 mile college relay— Won by Chicago (Mc-
Cosh. Moore, Lewis. Speer) : Harvard, sec-
'» ond (Duggan. Goodwin, Douglass, O'Con-
nell) ; Notre Dame, third (Meredith. Sweeney,
McDonough, Meehan) : Columbia, fourth
(Knox, Turner. Huelsenbeck. Shaw). Four
starters. Time. 8:11.
4 mile college relay — Won by Cornell (Abra
hams, Oleary. McDermott. Dresser) : Syra-
cuse, second (Rose. Simmons. Fellman.
Moore) : Princeton, third (Foresman. Pen-
field. McCulloch. Raymond) : Iowa State,
fourth (Merriam. Smith, Stone. Mitchell) :
Pennsylvania, fifth: Lafayette, sixth. Time.
18:41%.
1 mile college relay— Won by Pennsylvania
(Haymond. Davis. Gustafson. Smith) ; Ne-
braska, second (Gibbs. Fuchs. Smith. Mc-
Mahon) : Cornell, third (Mayer. Coltman.
Robinson, Watt): Missouri, fourth (Syl-
vester. Parlow. Edwards, Parker.) Time.
3:25.
High School Events.
1 mile preparatory school relay, championship
of America — Won by Mercersburg (Kimble
Hunt. Wright. Spackman) : Exeter, second:
Hill school, third. Time. 3:35%.
1 mile high school relay, championship of
America — Won by Baltimore Polytechnic
(Andrews. McPhail. Callis. Thompson) : New-
ark (N. J.) Central, second; Marsten Park.
Buffalo, third; Boston Latin, fourth. Time,
3:35%.
1 mile relay— Won by Haverford, Pa.: Blair.
Blairstown, N. J.. second; Tome institute,
Port Deposit. Md.. third; Bethlehem, Pa.,
fourth. Time. 3:37%.
1 mile relay— Won by Gillman Country school,
Rolland Park. Md.: George school. George.
Pa., second: Roman Catholic High, Phila-
delphia, third. Time. 3:41%.
1 mile relay— Won by Baltimore Friend, York,
Pa.; Collegiate institute, second: Pennsylvania
Deaf, Philadelphia, third. Time, 3:58%.
DRAKE RELAY MEET.
Des Moines. Iowa, April 19, 1919.
Universal Relays.
4 mile— Won by Chicago (Lewis. Long. Moore.
McCosh) : Iowa State, second; Drake, third.
Time. 18:56%.
2 mile— Won by Notre Dame (Meredith.
Sweeney, McDonough, Meehan) : Chicago,
second: Illinois, third; Wisconsin, fourth.
Time. 8:02.
1 mile— Won by Nebraska (Gibbs. Gillilan.
Fuchs. McMahon) ; Missouri, second: Kan-
sas third: Grinnell, fourth. Time, 3:26.
% mile university. Missouri valley section-
Won by Grinnell, (Haas. Vinsell. Minty. Cow-
den) : Kansas, second: Nebraska, third:
Drake, fourth. Time. .1 :31.
% mile university. Big Ten section— Won by
Michigan (Meese. Butler. Loseh. Johnson) ;
Illinois, second: Iowa, third; Minnesota,
fourth. Time. 1:29%.
College Relays.
2 mile— Won by Morningside (Lee, Myers.
Shafenberg, Hunt) : Cornell, second: Coe,.
third: Simpson, fourth. Time. 8:23%.
1 mile— Won by Wabash (Manley. B°ck,
Brown. Nicholson) : Coe. second: Hamline.
third; Parsons, fourth. Time. 3:33%.
% mile — Won by Dubuque (Duke Arembs.
Bergman. Butler): Coe. second: South Da-
kota, third; Simpson, fourth. Time. 1:34%.
INTERALLIED GAMES IN PARIS.
Interallied championship games took place
in a stadium, named after Gen. Pershing. in
Paris. France, beginning in June and ending
July 5. 1919. America was an overwhelming-
winner, the points being distributed as fol-
lows:
America 92
Australia 5
France 12 Canada 4
New Zealand 6 Greece 1
Following is a recapitulation of the results:
Track and field events— America, first; France,
second: New Zealand, third.
Distance running (cross-country and modified
marathon) — France, first; America and Bel-
gium tied for second. -
Horse events — Italy, first; France, second,
Roumania. third.
Fencing— France, first; Italy, second: Portugal.
third.
Shooting— America, first: France second; Italy
and Canada tied for third.
Swimming — America, first; Australia, second;
Italy, third.
Boxing— America, first; France. Italy. Canada
and Australia tied for second.
Wrestling— America, first: France and Belgium
tied for second.
Golf— France, first: America, second.
Water Polo — Belgium, first; France, second.
Baseball— America, first.
Basket ball— America, first: Italy, second.
Rugby football — Czecho-Slovakia, first: France.
second.
LONG DISTANCE RUNNING (1919).
March 29 — Chicago. HI.: 20 miles; George
Hankel: 2:02:22.
March SO-'-Chicago, HI.; 6 miles; Frank Koch-
anski: 31:40.
April 13 — Chicago, 111.; 10 miles; Henry G.
Dobler: 56:40.
April 19— Boston. Mass.: 25 miles: Carl W.
A. Linder; 2:29:13%.
April 26 — Chicago. HI.; 3 miles; Frank Koch-
anski; 15:39.
May 3— Chicago. 111.: 9 miles: Frank Kock-
anski: 50:46.
May 4— Chicago. 111.: 10 miles; Joe Stout:
58:15.
May 25 — Chicago. HI.; 10 miles; Giacomo Cla-
rizio: 1:00:52.
June 1— New York. N. Y.: 15 miles: Charles
Pores; 1:23:24%.
June 7 — Denver. Col.: 10% miles: Robert S.
Martin: 1:03:22.
June 21— Chicago. HI.: 6% miles; Joie Ray:
35:42:02.
July 4— Chicago. HI.: 14 miles: George Hankel:
1:32:00.
July 5— Chicago, HI.: 12 miles: Giacomo Cla-
rizio: 1:13:00.
July 19— Pittsburgh. Pa.: 10 miles; Jack
Weber: 1:08:11.
Aug. 10 — Chicago, HI.: 8 miles: August Kraut;
51:58.
Sept. 27— Kenosha. Wis.: 5 miles; Al Parker;
31:36.
Oct. 11— Chicago. 111.: 26 miles. 385 yards;
Edwin Carlson: 3:14:48.
Oct. 12— Chicago. HI.; 9 miles: 59:06%.
NEW RECORD FOR 1.000 YARDS.
In the 13th regiment armory, Brooklyn, N.
Y., April 28. 1919. Joie Ray of the Illinois
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
459
Athletic club. Chicago, ran 1,000 yards in
2:13%. breaking the world's record lor the
distance.
New Record for Low Hurdles.
In Baltimore. Md.. March 22. 1919. F. Pol-
lard of the Meadowbrook club. Philadelphia,
made a new world's indoor record for 100
yards over low hurdles. His time was :11%.
NEW WORLD'S RECORD FOR POLE VAULT,
Frank Foss of the Chicago Athletic asso-
ciation established a new world's record in
the pole vault Aug. 23, 1919, at Sears, Roe-
buck & Co.'s annual field meet in Chicago.
He cleared the top bar at 13 feet 3 9-16 inches.
The former record of 13 feet 2% inches was
held by M. S. Wright of the Boston A. C.
RECORD FOR DAN O'LEARY.
Dan O'Leary. the noted pedestrian, walked
100 miles at the Cub ball park. Chicago, July
19-20. 1919, in 23 hours and 42 minutes, set-
ting a record for 78 year old pedestrians.
OLYMPIAN RECORDS.
Olympian records to date are as follows:
60 meter run— :07. A. C. Kraenzlein." Archie
Hahn, W. Hogenson (1904).
100 meter run— :10%. S. F. Lippincott (1912).
200 meter run— :21%. Archie Hahn (1904).
400 meter run— :48. James E.Meredith (1912).
1,500 meter run — 3:56%, A.S.Jackson (1912).
800 meter run— 1 :51 9-10, James E. Meredith
(1912).
2,600 meter steeplechase— 7:34. G. W. Orton.
4.000 meter steeplechase— 12:58%. C. Reinmer,
England.
Marathon race. 25 miles— 2 :36 :54%. K. K. Mc-
Arthur (1912).
1.600 meter relay— 3:16%, America (1912).
110 meter hurdle race — :15. F. C. Smithson
(1908).
200 meter hurdle race— :24%. H. Hillman
(1904).
400 meter hurdle race— :55. C. J. Bacon
(1908).
Running high jump — 6 feet 4 in€he.s, Alma W.
Richards (1912).
Running broad jump— 24 feet 11% inches. L.
Gutterson (1912).
Standing high jump— 5 feet 4 inches. Platt
Adams (1912).
Standing broad jump — 11 feet 4% inches, Ray
C. Ewry (1904).
Standing triple jump — 36 feet 1 inch. Peter
O'Connor (1906).
Pole vault— 12 feet 11 inches. Harry S. Bab-
cock (1912).
Running hop, skip and jump — 48 feet 11%
inches, Ahearne. England (1908).
Putting 16-pound shot— 50 feet 4 inches. P.
J. McDonald (1912).
Throwing 16-pound hammer — 180 feet 5 inch-
es. M. J. McGrath (1912).
Throwing discus (Greek style)— 148 feet 1%
inches. A. R. Taipale (1912).
Throwing javelin (free style)— 199 feet 11%
inches, E. V. Lemming (1912).
Throwing javelin (middle)— 179 feet 10%
inches, E. V. Lemming (1908).
It was announced April 10. 1916, by Baron
Pierre de Coubertin, president of the Interna-
tional Olympian games committee, that no
Olympian games would be held until after the
close of the European war.
WORLD'S ATHLETIC RECORDS.
100 yard dash— :09%. R. E. Walker.*
150 yard dash— :14. Jack Donaldson.
180 yard dash— :17%. R. E. Walker.*
220 yard dash— :20%. Arthur Robinson.*
300 yard run— :29%. Jack Donaldson.
440 yard run— :47. M. W. Long.*
880 yard run— 1 :52V5. James E. Meredith.*
1.000 yards— 2:13%. Joie Ray.*
1 mile run— 4:12%, N. S. Taber.f
2 mile run— 9:09%, A. Shrubb.
4 mile run— 19:23%. A. Shrubb.
5 mile run— 24:18. H. Kohlemainen.*
2 mile walk— 13:37. George H. Goulding.*
Marathon— 2 :29 :39y5, H. Kohlemainen.
50 mile run— 6:13:58. E. W. Lloyd.
100 mile run— 13:26:30. C. Rowell.
120 yard high hurdles— :14%. R. Simpson.*
220 yard low hurdles— :23%. A. C. Kraenz-
lein.*
High jump— 6 feet 7 5-16 inche9, Edward
Beeson.*
Broad jump — 24 feet 11% inches. P. O'Connor.
Standing broad jump — 11 feet 6 inches. Ray
C. Ewry.*
Pole vault— 13 feet 3 9-16 inches. Frank Foss.*
Throwing 16-pound hammer— 189 feet 3 inch-
es. Pat Ryan.
Putting 8-pound shot — 67 feet 7 inches, Ralph
Putting 12-pound shot — 55 feet 11% inches.
Ralph Rose.*
Putting 14-pound shot— 53 feet 4 inches, Ralph
Putting 16-pound shot— 54 feet 4 inches. Ralph
Rose.*
Putting 18-pound shot— 46 feet 2% inches, P.
J. McDonald.*
Putting 21-pound shot — 40 feet 3% inches.
Putting 24-pound shot — 39 feet % inch, Ralph
Throwing discus— 155 feet 8 inches. Arlie
Mucks.*
*Amateur.
tMade in Harvard stadium July 16, 1915.
Old record was 4:12^. made by W. C. George,
professional, in 1886.
AIRPLANE RECORDS.
HIGHEST ALTITUDES REACHED.
The record for height attained by airplane is
held by Roland Rohlfs. who. at Mineola. N. Y..
Sept. 18, 1919. rose to a height of 34.610 feet.
Following is a list of notable altitude flights
since 1910:
Georges Legagneux. Pau. France. Dec. 9.
1910. 10.499 feet.
Arch Hoxsey. Los Angeles. Cal.. Dec. 26,
1910, 11,474 feet (unofficial).
Capt. Felix. Etampes, France, Aug. 5, 1911.
11.330 feet.
Lincoln Beachey, Chicago, 111.. Aug. 20. 1911.
11,642 feet.
Roland G. Garros, Parame. France, Nov. 7,
1911, 13.943 feet.
Lieut. Blaschke. Vienna. June 29. 1912, 14,-
300 feet.
Roland G. Garros. Houlgate. Sept. 6, 1912,
16.076 feet.
Georges Legagneux, Villacoublay. Sept. 17,.
1912, 17,881 feet.
Edmond Perreyon. Buc aerodrome. France,
March 11. 1913, 19.650 feet.
Georges Legagneux, St. Raphael. France.
Dec. 27. 1913. 19,300 feet.
Theodore MacCauley, San Diego. Cal., Feb.
25, 1914. 12,120 feet.
Herr Linnekogel. Johannisthal. Germany,
March 31. 1914, 20.564 feet.
Heinrich Oelreich. Leipzig, Germany, July
14. 1914, 24.606 feet.
De Lloyd Thompson. Kansas City. Mo., Aug.
6. 1914. 15,600 feet.
Capt. H. LeR. Muller, San Diego. Cal.. Oct.
8, 1914. 17,441 feet.
H. G. Hawker, Hendon. England. 'June 5,
1915. 20,000 feet.
H. G. Hawker, Brooklands, England. April
26. 1916. 24,408 feet.
Capt. W. A. Robertson. Jr., San Diego. Gal..
May 12. 1917, 16.400 feet.
Miss Ruth Law, Peoria, 111.. Sept. 27, 1917,
14,701 feet (record for women).
Caleb Bragg. Port Washington. N. Y.. Sept.
7, 1917. 12,900 feet, in hydroaeroplane carry-
ing two passengers.
460
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Lieut. M. B. Kelleher, with one passenger,
Chicago, 111.. Sept. 8, 1918. 23.500 feet.
Capt. A. R. Schroeder, Dayton. O.. Sept. 13.
1918, 28.900 feet.
Sable Lecointe, Villacoublay. France, May
20, 1919, 28,871 feet.
Lieut. Casale, prance. May 28. 1919. 31,000
ffcPt
Lieut. Casale. France, June 7, 1919, 31,168
feet
Lieut. Casale, France. June 14, 1919. 33,136
Roland Rohlfs, Mineola, N. T.. July 25.
1919, 31,100 feet.
Roland Rohlfs, Mineola, N. Y., Sept. 13.
1919. 34,000 feet.
Roland Rohlfs, Mineola, N. T.. Sept. 18,
1919. 34.610 feet.
LONG NONSTOP FLIGHTS.
Capt. John Alcock and Lieut. Arthur W.
Brown. British aviators, hold the record for
the longest nonstop flight in a heavier-than-air
machine. They crossed the Atlantic ocean
June 14-15. 1919. from Newfoundland to
Ireland, covering- a distance estimated at 1,960
miles. Lieut. Roget of France made a flighl
of 1,375 miles on May 25. 1919. The NC-4 of
the American navy made a flight of 1,219
miles in crossing the Atlantic from New-
foundland to the Azores May 16-17, 1919.
The British dirigible R-34. which crossed the
Atlantic from east to west and wesr to east
in July, 1919. holds the record for the long-
est nonstop flight by a craft of that type-
more than 3,200 miles.
RECORD FOB SPEED.
Records for speed by airplanes are to be
accepted in most cases with reserve, as they
are not always official. Sable Lacointe. a
French aviator, was reported on Oct. 3, 1919,
as flying three miles in one minute in a new
type Monocoque at an altitude of 2.000 feet.
In a flight from Dayton to Cleveland, O., Jan.
7. 1919, Pilot Eric Springer and Mechanician
Ernest Longchamp flew at the rate of 172
miles an hour.
RACQUETS.
NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Winners in Singles.
1901— Quincy A. Shaw, Boston.
1902— C. H. Mackay, New York.
1903— Payne Whitney, New York.
1904— George A. Brooke, Philadelphia.
1905— Lawrence Waterbury, New York.
1906 — Percy D. Haughton, Boston.
1907— Reginald R. Fincke, New York.
1908— Quincy A. Shaw, Boston.
1909— Harold F. McCormick, Chicago.
1910 — Quincy A. Shaw, Boston.
1911— Reginald R. Fincke, New York.
1912— Reginald R. Fincke, New York.
3913— Lawrence Waterbury, New York.
1914 — Lawrence Waterbury, New York.
1915— Clarence C. Pell, New York.
1916— Stanley G. Mortimer, New York.
1917— Clarence C. Pell, Tuxedo, N. Y.
Gold Racquet Champions.
1911— J. Gordon Douglas. New York. N. Y.
1912— J. Gordon Douglas. New York. N. Y.
1913— Harold F. McCormick. Chicago. 111.
1914— Clarence C. Pell. New York. N. Y.
1915— Clarence C. Pell, New York, N. Y.
1916— Clarence C. Pell, New York, N. Y.
1917— Clarence C. Pell, Tuxedo, N. Y.
CANOEING.
L. B. Friede, international canoe champion,
won the American championship trophy at
Thousand Islands. N. Y., Aug. 17. 1919. by
outsailing his competitors on every leg of a
six mile triangular course. His time was 1:17.
Ralph Britton. Canadian champion, was second.
SKI JUMPING.
CARY (ILL.) TOURNAMENT.
i^ anmial ski Jumping tourney of
Carv Tl T£ *8SP •&iS**S!£0 took place at
Lary, 111., Feb. 23, 1919. The course was in
pod shape but the weather conditions dur
mg the preceding week were unfavorable and
mPmtPer%£Pm 0tHer Cities did not atten<J the
meet. The amateur contest was taken bv
Einar Jensen of the Great Lakes trainin-
station with 285 points. Fred Brunn took
the professional event with 245 points. He
naa no competition. Summary:
Amateurs.
Won by Einar Jensen. Great Lakes— First
StS Pohfts. Ilk SeC°nd JUmP> 16° leet"
S'-m™imV& ^°^e Ski dub- second-First
ToTaT pofnVfsi. SeC°nd JUmP' 133 feet«
A1- ^Shn.son- Norge Ski club, third— First jump
points 1^6 S6COnd JUmP< 124 feet Totai
Arne Signer.' Norge Ski club, fourth— First
George Ortensen Norge Ski club, fourth-
fee^ TTaTpoii.^.8600^ jump- 12°
Professionals.
Won by Fred Brunn— First jump. 134 feet:
second jump. 130 feet. Total points. 249.
(Only one starter.)
Long Standing Jump.
138 feet- (t**y <"*' to
Old Timers.
Won by D. Lunde— Distance. 140 feet.
Twin Jump.
Won by Jensen and Sletner.
COLORADO MEET.
In a ski jumping tournament held at Steam-
boat Springs. Col.. Feb. 28. Einar Jensen ol
the Great Lake naval training station won
the amateur event with 265 points. His
longest jump was 118 feet. In the profes-
sional event Anders Haugen of St. Paul. Minn.
was the winner with 349 poim». He made a
leap of 205 feet but fell. Lars Haugen of
Chippewa Falls Wis.. made jumps of 209 and
212 feet but fell in each instance. Edward
Trinder of Steamboat Springs and Nels Ruud
were second and third respectively in the ama-
teur event.
'Einar Jensen won the amateur ski jumping
championship of the Rocky mountain region
at Steamboat Springs, Col.. March 1 with a
jump of 128 feet and 241 points.
CHAMPIONSHIP RECORD.
Following is a list of the professional
champions in the annual tournaments or the
National Ski associations:
1909— John Evanson. Duluth. Minn.
1910 — Anders Haugen. Cbjippewa Falls Wis
1911— Francis Kempe. Red Wing. Minn.
1912— Lars Haugen. Chippewa Falls. Wis
1913— Ragnar Omtvedt, Chicago. 111.
L914— Ragnar Omtvedt. Chicago. 111.
L915 — Lars Haugen. Chippewa Falls Wis
1916— Henry Hall. Ishpeming. Mich.
L 91 7— Ragnar Omtvedt. Chicago. 111.
1918— Lars Haugen. Chippewa Falls. Wu
1919— No tournament.
ILLINOIS TOURNAMENT.
The fourth annual ski tourney of Illinois
was held at Gary, March 9. 1919, and was
won by Sig Steinwall of the Norge club, Chi-
cago, with 305% points. Einar Jensen estab-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
46L
lished a new record for the slide by making
a leap of 151 feet. Summary of the meet:
Longest
jump. Score.
Sig Steinwall, Norge 138 305y3
Arne Sletner, Norge 128 287%
Einar Jensen. Great Lakes 149 241
Carl Nilson, Nerge 96 216%
George Ortensen. Norge 104 190%
LONGEST JUMP ON RECORD.
Anders Haugen of St. Paul, Minn., made a
new world's ski record at a one-day tourna-
ment held at Dillon, Col.. March 9, 1919.
when he cleared 213 feet without falling. On
March 2, 1917. at Steamboat Springs. Col.,
Henry Hall of that place made a jump of 203
feet, beating the record of 192 feet 9 inches
made at the same place by Ragnar Omtvedt
of Chicago. Feb. 19, 1916.
ROQUE.
AMERICAN LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP.
The eighth annual tournament of the Amer-
ican Roque league was held on the Washing-
ton park courts. Chicago. July 21-27. 1919.
Final standing:
Champion Division.
Won. Lost.
Harold Walker, Chicago 6
Joseph Kennedy, Chicago 5 4
F. C. Turner. Pasadena 4 5
H. E. Lyman, Kansas City 3 6
Standings in the different divisions follow:
First Division. Points.
H. Sime, Chicago 347
F C. Jones, Chicago 313
C. G. Carlson, Chicago 286
A. B. Argenbright, Kansas City 274
F. C. Koch. Chicago 263
J. P. Shelley, Oxford. Ind 255
J. C. Lathrop, Chicago 247
C. W. Davis, Newcastle, Pa 241
W. H. Hoagland, Peoria..... 229
W. A. Rounds. Cleveland. 0 207
Joseph Matousek. Cleveland 203
O. H. Hinds, Iowa 192
Second Division.
L. A. Carr, Chicago 278
B. E. Euchner. Chicago 271
A. P. Goodhue, Chicago 266
James Wood, Chicago 243
M. T. Reeves, Columbus. Ind 240
F. M. Kile. Decatur 233
A. G. Griffith. Cleveland 231
J. O. Henry. Decatur 230
L. A. Chamberlain. Pittsfield. Ill 210
W. O. Smith, Chicago 207
M. H. Pence. New Paris. 0 195
G. H. Lyon. Chicago 137
Third Division.
W. Myers. Newport. Ind 245
E. M. Robbins, Kansas City 212
A. Jacobson, Chicago 206
William Blashfield, Hartford. Mich... 187
B. E. Neel, Newport. Ind 187
T. I. Wasson, Marshalltown, Iowa 183
E. Conklin. Hartford, Mich 181
L. V. Barber. Decatur 133
R. Glendenning. Chicago 123
W. Wiley. New Paris, 0 88
LINCOLN PARK TOURNAMENT^
In a roque tournament held in Lincoln
£ark, Chicago. July 29-Aug. 7. 1919. J. C.
athrop was the winner in the fi>st division,
L. L. McDermott in the second division and
D. Sandberg in the third division.
NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.
Edward Clark of Springfield. Mass.. won the
national championship at roque in the tourna-
ment of the National association held at Nor-
wich. Conn., and ending Aug. 23. 1919. his
score being eleven games won and one lost.
His opponent in the final game was C. G.
Wilhams of Washington. D. C.. holder of the
WRESTLING.
LEWIS VS. STECHER.
In a contest for the heavyweight wrestling-
^"S1"8^^1 l^e Coliseum. Chicago, March 3.
1919. Edward Lewis defeated Joe Stecher after
a struggle lasting 2:12:37. A single fall de-
termined the contest as it had been agreed
that if the wrestling proceeded more than an
hour and a half without a fall one flattening
hold should decide the issue.
ZBYSZKO VS. LEWIS.
Wladek Zbyszko defeated Edward Lewis at
Madison Square garden. New York N Y
March 21. 1919, after 1:34:37 of hard wres-
tling. Though nearly used up. the Polish
wrestler in a last desperate effort grabbed
Lewis about the body, lifted him high in the
air and throwing him down landed him square-
ly on his back.
In the Coliseum. Chicago. April 28, 1919.
Zbyszko defeated Lewis after 2:14:09 of high
grade wrestling. Lewis had apparently had
the best of the contest until his grip on his
opponent slipped off and he fell on his side.
The Pole leaped on him and held him down
with a body scissors hold until the referee
gave him the victory.
Zbyszko and Lewis met again in the Coliseum
May 19. 1919. and this time Lewis was the
winner, taking two falls out of three. The
first was won by Zbyszko in 1:36:52 with a
reverse body lock. Lewis won the second and
third f alls in 48 :35 and 12 :56 with head locks I
STECHER VS. ZBYSZKO.
Joe Stecher defeated Wladek Zbyszko in
Louisville. Ky.. May 9, 1919. in a one-fall
match in 1:45:15. Stecher used the body
scissors and bar arm holds.
BASKET BALL.
CONFERENCE CHAMPIONSHIP.
The University of Minnesota basket ball
team won the "Big 10" or conference cham-
pionship of 1919 with a percentage of 1.000
The University of Chicago was second with a
percentage of .833, having lost two games out
of twelve, one to the Northwestern team and
one to Wisconsin. Team standing at close of
Won. Lost. Pet.
Minnesota 10 0 l.OOO
Chicago 10 2 .833
Northwestern 6 4 .600
Michigan 5 4 .555
Illinois 5 7 417
Purdue 4 7 !364
Wisconsin 3 g 273
Iowa 4 7 .364
Indiana 3 6 25O
Ohio state ::::.:; z § .250
Championship Record.
1908— Chicago. 1914— Wisconsin.
1909— Chicago. 1915— Illinois.
1910— Chicago. 1916— Wisconsin
1911— Minnesota.* 1917— Minnesota *
Purdue.* Illinois *
1912— Wisconsin.* 1918— Wisconsin
Purdue.* 1919— Minnesota.
1913— Wisconsin.
*Tied in percentage.
EASTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE.
Pennsylvania won the eastern intercollegiate>
basket ball championship in the league season
which closed March 15. 1919. with Yale in
second and Cornell in third place.
CENTRAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIP.
The Olympic club of Madison, Wis., won the
Central A. A. U. basket ball championship of
462
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1919 by defeating the Edison Athletic club of
New London. Wis.. in Chicago, March 14.
1919. by a score of 32 to 22. The Camp
Grant team won third place.
FENCING.
INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAMPIONS.
1894— Harvard.
1895^Harvard.
1896— Harvard.
1 897— Harvard.
1898— Columbia.
1899— Harvard.
1900— Harvard.
1901— Annapolis.
1902— West Point.
1903— West Point.
1904— West Point.
1905— Annapolis.
1906— West Point.
1907— Annapolis.
1908— West Point.
1909— West Point.
1910 — Annapolis.
1911— Cornell.
1912— West Point.
1913— Columbia.
1914— Columbia.
1915— Annapolis.
1916— Annapolis.
1917— Annapolis.
1918— Columbia.
1919-Columbia.
POLO.
AMERICAN CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The contests for the junior and senior polo
championships of the United States took place
on the grounds of the Philadelphia Country
club beginning: Sept. 13. 1919. The Meadow-
brook second team of Westbury, L. I., won
the junior title by defeating the Philadelphia
Country club team in the final match 4%
goals to 3%. The senior title went to the
Rockaway Hunt club team by default, the
deciding contest between that quartet and
the Philadelphia Country club first team, which
was to have taken place on Sept. 23. being
called off on account of the unavoidable ab-
sence of Thomas Stokes, the forward of the
Philadelphias.
WESTERN GAMES.
June 22— Miami Valley Hunt and Polo club.
8% goals: Onwentsia club. Chicago. 2% goals.
Game played at Dayton. O.
June 28— Miami Valley Hunt and Polo club.
11; Onwentsia, 3. Game played at Dayton. O.
June 29— Miami Valley Hunt and Polo club,
13; Onwentsia, 2%. Game played at Day-
ton. O.
July 12— Miami Valley Hunt and Polo club.
4%: Onwentsia, 4. Game played at Day-
ton. O.
July 19— Onwentsia. 5; Miami Valley Hunt
and Polo club, 2%. Game played at Lake
Forest. 111.
Oct. 11— Onwentsia. 9: Miami Valley Hunt and
Polo club. 8. Game played at Lake Forest.
111.
DOG RACING.
HUDSON BAY DERBY.
The Hudson Bay Derby race of 100 miles for
dog teams was won March 19. 1919, by Bates
Campbell in 15:35. His team covered the
course, which began and ended at The Pas.
Manitoba, without stopping. Bates Campbell
drove the same team that his brother. Albert
Campbell, piloted to victory in the Winnipeg-
St. Paul race in 1917. The trail was banked
high with snow in places and was badly cut
up in others.
EDITH CAVELL BURIED IN ENGLAND.
Edith Cavell. the English nurse whose exe-
cution by the Germans was one of the saddest
tragedies of the world war, received extraordi-
nary honors when her remains were brought
to England for burial May 15.1919. Her
body was exhumed on March 17 from the
unmarked grave in which the Germans had
buried her after they had shot her to death
early on the morning of Oct. 12. 1915, within
a building at Schaerbeek, a suburb of Brus-
sels, used in connection with the national
shooting ground at that place. An examina-
tion revealed that she had been struck by
four bullets, two of which entered her right
side and two the left, one piercing the heart
and causing instantaneous death. The body
was well preserved and the features were
perfectly recognizable.
Encased in a double coffin of oak and zinc
the remains were permitted to rest in the Tir
National cemetery until May 13. when they
were placed on a gun carriage drawn by six
"black horses and taken to the Gare du Nord
in Brussels. Both at the cemetery and the
station military honors were paid to the
martyred nurse by detachments of British and
Belgian troops. A funeral service was con-
ducted in the railroad station by the Rev. H.
S. T. Gahan. the British chanlain who was
with Miss Cavell on the evening before her
execution. The coffin was then taken by train
to Ostend. where it was placed on board the
destroyer Radiant and conveyed to Dover,
England. It arrived there on May 14 and
was received by a special committee having
charge of the funeral arrangements in England.
On the arrival of the body in London on
May 15 a public funeral was held. The
streets through which the cortege moved were
congested with crowds and the vicinity of
Westminster abbey, in which an impressive
memorial service was held, was packed with a
great multitude gathered to do reverent homage
to the brave nurse who. as the bishop of Lon-
don said, "deserved much from the British
empire." In the abbey the services were
conducted by the dean of Westminster in the
presence of a large congregation of high Brit-
ish officials, representatives of foreign coun-
tries and persons prominent in many walks of
life. The choir sang the 23d psalm, Sulli-
van's anthem. "Yea, though I walk through
the valley of the shadow of death" and "I
Heard a Voice from Heaven." The litany, the
Lord's prayer and two collects were repeated,
followed by the hymn, "Abide With Me." The
benediction was then pronounced and the last
post and reveille sounded. The services lasted
half an hour, after which the procession left
the abbey to the strains of Chopin's funeral
march.
The body was then taken by train to Nor-
wich, the home of Miss Cavell. The coffin
was placed upon a gun carriage and carried
to Norwich cathedral, where another service
officially designated as the "funeral of Edith
Cavell. a nurse who gave her life for her
countrymen." was held. At the grave the
latter portion of the burial service was con-
ducted by the bishop and the hymn "Abide
With Me." which Miss Cavell repeated shortly
before her execution, was eung.
On the coffin in which she was buried was
the simple inscription: "Edith Cavell. Born
December 4, 1865. Died October 12. 1915."
CAPT. CHARLES FRYATT ALSO BURIED
IN ENGLAND.
The remains of Capt. Charles Fryatt, who
was executed by the Germans in Bruges, Bel-
gium. July 27. 1916, on the charge of having
attempted to ram a German submarine, were
brought to England in July, 1919. and were
buried with honors similar to those paid to
Edith Cavell. The body was brought to Dover
on a destroyer with a naval escort on July 7
and on the following day was taken by train
to London, where national memorial s^rvicps
were held in St. Paul's cathedral. The in-
terment took place at Dovercourt July 8.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
463
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE U. S. GOVERNMENT (APRIL 30. 1919).
Formerly issued as "Statement of the Public Debt."
CASH AVAILABLE TO PAY MATURING OBLIGATIONS.
Balance held by the treasurer of the United States as per daily treasury
statement for April 30. 1919 .7. 81.052,633.836.80
Deduct— Net excess of disbursements over receipts in April reports subse-
quently received 98.169.159.51
Total 954.464.677.29
Settlement warrants, matured interest obligations and checks outstanding—
Treasury warrants... 1.282.839.39
Matured interest obligations* '....'..* 95.615.905.41
Disbursing officers' checks 165.540,912.20
Balance free of current obligations 692.025.020.29
Total 954.464,677.29
•The unpaid interest due on liberty loans is estimated in cases where complete reports
have not been received.
PUBLIC DEBT.
Debt Bearing No Interest,
Payable on presentation.
Obligations required to be reissued when redeemed— United States notes $346,681.016.00
Less gold reserve 152,979,025.63
Excess of notes over reserve • . . . 193,701.990.37
Obligations that will be retired on presentation— Old demand notes 53.012.50
National bank notes and federal reserve bank notes assumed by the
United States on deposit of lawful money for their retirement 39.210.572.00
Fractional currency 6.844.417.82
Total 239.809.992.69
Debt on Which Interest Has Ceased dtnce Maturity.
Payable on presentation.
Funded loan of 1891, continued at 2 per cent, called for redemption May
18. 1900: interest ceased Aug. 18. 1900 S4.000.00
Funded loan of 1891. matured Sept. 2. 1891 , 19.950.00
Loan of 1904, matured Feb. 2. 1904... 13.050.00
Funded loan of 1907. matured July 2. 1907... 410.700.00
Refunding certificates, matured July 1, 1907 10.930.00
Old debt matured at various dates prior to Jan. 1. 1891, and other items
of debt matured at various dates subsequent to Jan. 1. 1861
Certificates of indebtedness, at various interest rates, matured
Loan of 1908-18
1919
$646,250,150.00 $599,724,050.00
162,315,400.00 118,489,900.00
54,631,980.00
30,000,000,00
50,000,000.00
28,894,500.00
48,954,180.00
26,947,400.00
50,000,000.00
28,894.500.00
900.330.26
1.534.500.00
1.198.680.00
Total ,. 4.092,140.26
Interest Bearing Debt.
Payable on or after specified future dates. Tot. outstanding
Title of loan. Authorizing act. Rate. Issued. Amount issued. April 30,
Consols of 1930 March 14, 1900 2 per cent. 1900....
Loan of 1925 Jan. 14, 1875 4 per cent. 1895-96.
Panama canal loan:
Series 1916-36 June 28. 1902, and Dec.
21. 1905 2 per cent. 1906....
Series 1918-38 June 28. 1902. and Dec.
21. 1905 2 per cent. 1908....
Series 1961 Aug. 5, 1909. Feb. 4,
1910, & March 2, 19113 per cent. 1911....
Conversion bonds Dec. 23. 1913...* 3 per cent. 1916-17.
Certificates of indebted-
ness (various) Sept, 24, 1917, as
amended Various ...1918-19. 6,592,357,800.00 6,099,475,800.00
Certificates of indebtedness Sept. 24, 1917, as
amended Apr. 23, 19182 per cent. 1918-19. 156.683,000.00 166,683,000.00
First Liberty loan April 24, 1917 &/z per cent 1917.... 1,989,455,550.00 1,410,071,600.00
First Liberty loan conv't'd Apr. 24, 1917; Sept. 24,
1917 !..... .4 per cent. 1917..
First Liberty loan conv't'd. April 24, 1917; Sept.
24, 1917. as amended 4*4 per cent 1918..
First Liberty loan, second
converted Apr. 24, 1917; Sept. 24,
1917, as amended.... 4% percent 1918.
Second Liberty loan Sppt. 2-4, 1917 4 per cent. 1917.
Second Liberty loan conv'td Sept. 24, 1917. nsamended 4^ percent 1918.
Third Liberty loan Sept. 24,1917, as amended 4% per cent 1918.
Fourth Liberty loan Sept. 24,1917, asamended 4% per cent 1918.
Victory Liberty loan Sept. 24,1917, asamended 3% and 4%
per cent .1919..
War savings & thrift stamps Sept. 24,1917, as amended t* per cent 1917-8 9 $f,084,l39,840.30
Postal savings bonds —
(1st to 16th series).... June' 25, 1910 2^ percent 1911-19.
Aggregate of Interest-bearing debt 29,786,307,537.17 24.577.056,717.10
*This amount represents receipts of the , to April 30. tThe average issue price of war
treasurer of the United States on account of I savings stamps for the years 1918 and 1919
principal of bonds of the fourth liberty loan | with interest at 4 per cent per annum coir
568,318,450.00
183,167,200.00
390,068,700.00
888,065,650.00
3,492,050.00
3,807,864,150.00
3,492,050.00
784,770,250.00
2.954,043.900.00
2.781,703,900.00
4,174,147,750.00
*6,959,422,886.87
3,973,191,8)0.00
6,809,422,886.87
§122,871,470.00
$1,084,139,840.30
122,871,470.00
980,781,070.23
11,349,960.00
11,349,960.00
464
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
pounded quarterly for the average period to count of proceeds of sales of war savings cer-
maturity will amount to $5 on Jan. 1. 1923, and I tificate stamps and U. S. thrift stamps. §This
Jan. 1. 1924. respectively. Thrift stamps do not | nmotint represents receipts of the treasurer of
bear interest. JThis amount represents receipts the United States on account of principal of
of the treasurer of the United States on ac- ' bonds of the Victory Liberty loan to April 30.
RECAPITULATION.
Gross Debt. Xet Debt.
Debt bearing- no interest.... $239,809.992.69 I Gross debt (above) $24.820.958.850.05
Debt on which int. has ceased. 4.092,140.26 Deduct— Balance free of cur-
Interest bearing debt 24,577.056.717.10
rent obligations.
692.025.020.29
'Gross debt 24.820.958.850.05 tNet debt 24,128,933,829.76
*Total gross debt April 30. 1919. on the basis of daily treasury state-
ments •••-.•••-. :.- $24,824,345,946.09
3,387.096.04
Net amount of public debt payments in transit, etc., April 30, 1919
tThe amount of $8,872.623.158.27 has been
expended to above date in this and preceding
fiscal years from the proceeds of sales of bonds
authorized- by law for purchase of the obliga-
tions of foreign governments.
are received from forei
24,820,958,850.05
When payments
PAY WARRANTS DRAWN.
are received from foreign governments on ac-
count of the principal of their obligations, they
must be applied to the reduction of the inter-
est bearing debt of the United States.
Fiscal year 1918
Fiscal year 1919 to correspond-
to April 30. ing date
Ordinary— Legislative establishment $14,846,098.96 $1288178236
Executive proper 27.827,057.49 8467'099'85
State department 12.101,046.29 9 315'o°4'39
Treasury department— Excluding public buildings *321, 734. 263.11 *l°o'S24'764'<>
Public buildings 14,281.024.79 14'995>5'>l'63
War department— Military establishment t8,651, 330. 819.57 t4.06l'°0l'836'85
Civil establishment— War department proper 17.634.894.09 14,114-240'43
Miscellaneous wir. civil 10.281.244.22 7.682870*80
Rivers and harbors 27.344,464.90 23,288 836*03
Department of justice 14.175.401.60 11,027.672'82
Postoffice department— Excluding postal service 1.699.839.26 1 643 911 47
Postal deficiencies 343.511.15
Navy department— Naval establishment Jl. 806,806. 145.08 jl.057.624 374 69
Civil establishment 7.622.746.99 1.4?0,965.'53
Interior department — Excluding pensions and Indians — 26.637.384 92 32 081 801 71
Pensions 182.243.740.04 146.'284.'256.97
Indians' 31.502.756.95 26.000565.01
Department of agriculture 36.449.069.68 38620,808.65
Department of commerce 13.374.395.90 11.299.377.29
Department of labor 11.739.545.04 4.793,07963
Federal control of transportation systems 349.456,445.69 83,964.000.00
War finance corporation 295.000.0.00.00
United States shipping board 1,676.906,203.09 594,221,787.36
Other independent offices and commissions 193.861.100.41 65.338,515.35
District of Columbia 14.177.293.20 12.349,547.08
Interest on the public debt 420.741.448.44 66,001,952.27
Total ordinary 14.180.117.940.86 6.430,455,092.39
Panama canal— Pay warrants for construction, etc 10.926.230.21 17,945.089.58
Special— Purchase of obligations of foreign governments.. 3.228.188.408.27 4,082.329.750.00
Purchase of farm loan bonds 55.664.821.17 54.000.000.00
Total warrants drawn on general fund, exclusive of
public debt 17.474,897.400.51 10.584,729.931.97
*Includes all warrants drawn for payments by the bureau of war risk insurance except
for army, navy and marine corps allotments of pay. tlncludes warrants for allotments of
army pay paid by the treasury department under the war risk insurance act. ^Includes war-
rants for allotments of navy and marine corps pay paid by the treasury department under the
war risk insurance act.
MEMORANDA.
Amount due the United States from the central branch of the Union Pacific
railroad on account of bonds issued— Principal $1,600.000.00
Interest 1.976,305.31
Total 3.576,305.31
Note— The public debt on June 30. 1919, was $25,484,506.160.
OUTSTANDING PRINCIPAL OF PUBLIC DEBT.
On Jan. 1 of each rear from 1791 to 1843. inclusive, and on July 1 of each year sinco.
Tear. Amount. Tonr. Amnnnf. Year. Amorni- I Yonr. Amoint
1791 $75,463.476.52 1796 $83,762,172.07 1801 ?83,03<?.0"0.8n | ISOS ?73, 723.270.66
1792 77.?27.9°4 66 1797 82.0flt. 479.33 1«02 80,712.632.25 1907... 69.218,39864
1793 RO.3-8.fTC4.04 179S 79.2?S.R29.12 1803. 77,064,686.40 1*08 6^.1^.317.97
1794 78,427.404.77 1799 7S.-iOS.PR9. 77 1804 86.427,120.88 1809 57.023.192.09
1795 80,747.587.39 1SOO 82.976.294.35 1805 82.312,150.50 1810 53.173,217.52
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
465
Year.
1811
Amount.
$48.005,587.76
45,209,737.90
55.962.827.57
81,487,846.24
99,833,660.15
127,334,933.74
123,591,965.16
103,466,633.83
95.529,648.28
91,015,566.15
89.987,427.66
93.546.676.98
90 875 877.28
Year.
1839
1840
Amount.
$10.434,221.14
3,573.343.32
5.250.875.54
13,594.480.73
20.201.226.27
32,742,922.00
23.461,652.50
15.925.303.01
15.550.202.97
38,826.534.77
47.044.S62.23
63.061,858.69
63.452,773.55
68.304.796.02
66.199.341.71
59 803.117 70
Year.
1865...
1866
Amount.
.... 2,680,647,869.74
2 773 236 173 69
Year.
1892
1893....
1894....
1895....
1896....
1897....
1898....
1899....
1900....
Amount.
. $1,588,464, 144.63
1,545.985,686.13
1.632,253,636.68
1.676.120,983.25
1.769,840.323.40
1,817.672.665.90
. 1.796.531,995.90
1,991,927,306.92
2 136,961.091.67
1812
1813
1814
1815
1841
1867...
1868 ..
....2,678,126,103.87
.... 2,611,687,851 19
1842
1843
1843
1844
1869
2 588 452 213 94
1816
1817
1870...
1871...
....2,480.672,427.81
. ... 2 353 211 332.32
1818
1845
1872
2 253 251 328 78
1819
1820
18<>1
1846
1847
1848 ....
1873...
2,234,482,993.20
1874...
.... 2,251,690,468.43
1901....
1902....
1903....
1904....
1905....
1906....
1907....
1908....
1909....
1910....
1911....
1912....
1913....
1914....
1915.. .
1916....
1917....
1918. . .
2,143.326.933.89
2.158.610,445.39
2.202.464,781.89
2,264.003.585.14
2.274.615,063.84
2.337.161.839.04
2.457.188.061.54
2 626 806 271 54
1875
2 239 284 531 95
1822
1823
1849
1876...
1877 ..
.... 2.180.S95. 067.15
2 205 301 392 10
1850
1824
1S95
90.269,777.77
83,788,332.71
81.955,059.99
73.987.357.20
67.475,043.87
58.421.413.67
48.565.406.50
39.123,191.68
24.322.235.18
7,001,698.83
4,760,082.08
33.733.05
37.513.05
336.957.83
3.308,124.07
1851
1878
2 256 205 892 53
1852
1879...
1880.
....2.34C.567, 232.04
.. 2 120 415 370 63
1896
1853
1827
1854
42.242.222.42
35.586.956.56
31.932.537.90
28.699.831.85
44.911.881.03
58.496.837.88
64.842,287.88
90,580,873.72
524,176.412.13
1.119.772,138.63
1,815,784,370.57
1881
2 069 013 569 58
1828
1829
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1882...
1883...
....1,918,312,994.03
1 884,171,728 07
2,639,546,241.04
2,652,665,838.04
2.765.600,606.69
2.868,373.874.16
2.916.204,913.66
2.912.499,269.16
3.058,136.873.16
3.609.244.262.16
5.717.770,279.52
.14,592,161,414.00
1830
1831
1884...
1885...
1886...
1887
....1,830,528,923.57
....1,863,964,873.14
... 1,775.063.013.78
1 657 602 592 6?
1832
1833
I860
1834
1S61
1862
1863...
1888...
.. 1.692.858.984.58
1835
1836
1889...
1890...
1891...
... 1.619,052.922.23
... 1,552,140.204.73
.. 1.545.996.591.61
1837
1864
1838...
ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT.
JULY 1.
Debt on
which in-
terest has
ceased.
Debt bear-
ing no
interest.*
Outstanding
principal.
Cash in the
treasury.
Total of
debt less cash
in treasury.
Popula-
tion
of the
United
States.
Debt perl
capita.
Interest
per
capita.
1890
$1,815,805.2*
I.til4,705.2(
2,785.870.20
2.094,060.2t>
1.851.240.26
l,721.590.2f
1,600.890.2*'
l.34B.880.2b
1.262.680.00
1.218.300.26
1 176 320 26
$825,011,289.47
933,852.766.35
1.000,648.939.37
958.S54.5-25.87
995.360.506.42
958.197,331.99
920,839.543.14
968,960.655.64
947,901.845.64
944.660.256.6b
1,112.305.911.41
1.154.770.273.63
1.226.259,245.63
1,286,718.281.63
1,366.875.224.88
1.378.086.478.58
1,440,874.563.78
1.561,266.966.00
1,725. 172.26ti.28
1,723,344.895.78
1,737,223.452.78
1.848.367,586.43
1,902.836.653.90
1.948.618.753.40
1,942.993.3'J8.90
2,086.570.522.90
2.636.208.571.90
2.990.988.572.65
2.586.036.427.o2
$1,552.140,204.73
1,545,996.591.61
1,558.464,144.63
1,545.985,686.13
1,632.253.636.68
1.675,120.983.25
1,769,840.323.40
1,817.672.665.90
1,796.531.995.90
1.991.927,306.92
2.136.861.091.67
2.143.326.933.89
2,158,610,445.89
2,202,464.781.89
2.264.003.585.14
2.274,615.063.84
2.337,161.839.04
2.457.188.061.54
2.626.806.271.54
2,639.546.241.04
2.652.665.838.04
2.765,600.606.69
2.868.373.874.16
2.916,204.913.66
2,912,499.269.16
3.058.136.873.16
8,609,244.262.18
5.717.770,279.52
14,502.161,414.00
$661 .355.834 .20
694,083,839.83
746,937.681.03
707,016.210.89
732.940,256.13
811.061.686.46
853,905,635.51
325.649.765.87
769.446.503.76
836.607.071.73
1,029.249.833.78
1,098,587.813.92
1,189.153.204.85
1,277.453.144.58
1,296.771.811.39
1.365.467.439.06
1,372.726.152.25
1.578.591.306.51
1.688,673,862.16
1,615,684,710.25
1.606.216.652.79
1.749.816.268.23
1.840.799.176.88
1,887,640.858.52
1.885,242.259.60
1.967.988,867.16
2.620.024.tf40.5U
3.809.135.055.70
3.667.8S0.058.77
$924,465.218.53
851,912,751.78
841,526,463.6$
838.969,475.75
899.313.380.55
864.059.314.78
915,934,687.89
992.022.900.aS
1.027,085.492.14
1.155,320,235.19
1,107,711.257.89
1,044,739.119.97
969.457.241.04
925,011,637.31
967.231.773.75
909.147.624.78
964,435.686.79
878.596,755.03
938.132,409.38
1,023.861.530.79
1.046.449.185.25
1.015,884,338.46
1,027,574.697.28
1.028,564.055.14
1,027,257.0<*9.56
1.090.14S.OU6.00
989.219,621.85
1.908.635.223.82
10.024.281.355.28
62.947.714
63,844.000
65.OSfi.000
66.349.000
67.632.000
68.aS4.000
70.254.000
71.592.900
72.947.000
74.318.000
75.994.575
77.612.569
79,230.563
80.848.557
82,466.551
84.084.545
85.702.539
87.320.Jj33
88.938.527
90.556.521
92.174.515
93.792.509
95.410.603
97,337,000
98.646.491
100.264.485
101.882.479
03.500.473
n5.ii8.4t™
814.22
13.34
12.93
12.64
13.30
13.08
13.60
13.78
14.08
15.55
14.58
13.46
12.24
11.44
11.73
11.77
11.25
10.06
10.55
11.31
11.35
10.83
10.77
10.60
10.41
10.87
9.71
18.44
113 9-'
$0.47
.37
.35
.35
:2
.49
.48
.47
.54
1
.32
:S
.27
.25
!23
.23
.24
.24
.23
.23
.23
.81
4.44
1891
1892 .
1893 ...
1894
1895
1896
1897
J898
1899
1901...
1,415.620.26
1.280,860.26
1,205,01)0.26
1.970.920.21?
1.370.245.26
1,128.135.26
1.086.815.26
4.130,015.26
2,883.855.26
2.124,895.26
1.879.830.26
1,760.450.26
1.639.550.26
1.552.5B0.26
1,507.260.26
1.473.10C.26
4.232,230.26
?0.242.550.26
1902
1903
1904
1905....
1906....
1907...,
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913 j....
1914
1915
1916
1917....
!l8 1
•Includes certificates issued against gold, silver and currency deposited in the treasury.
GREAT MINING DISASTERS IN RECENT YEARS.
In which 100 or more lives were lost.
Birmingham, Ala.. May 5. 1910: 175 dead.
Bolton. England, Dec. 21, 1910: 300 dead.
Briceville, Tenn.. Dec. 9. 1911: 100 dead.
Butte. Mont.. June 9, 1917: 156 dead.
Cherry. 111.. Nov. 13. 1909: 289 dead.
Cheswick. Pa., Jan. 25, 1904; 182 dead.
Coahuila, Mex., Feb. 1, 1902: 102 dead.
Coal Creek. Tenn., May 19. 1902: 227 dead.
Courriere, France. March 10. 1906: 1.060 dead.
Dawson. N. M.. Oct. 22. 1913: 261 dead.
Eccles. W. Va., April 28, 1914: 181 dead.
Ennis. W. Va.. Dec. 30. 1908: 100 dead.
Finleyville, Pa., April 23, 1912: 115 dead.
Gerthe, Germany, Aug-. 8. 1912: 103 dead.
Hamm. Germany, Nov. 12, 1908: 300 dead.
Hanley, England. Jan. 12, 1918; 160 dead.
Hanna. Wyo.. June 30, 1903; 235 dead.
Jacob's Creek. Pa., Dec. 19. 1907: 230 dead.
Johnstown. Pa., July 10, 1902: 113 dead.
Khartsisk, Russia, June 18, 1905: 500 dead.
La Esperanza, Mex.. Feb. 19. 1907; 123 dead.
Littleton. Ala., April 8, 1911: 128 dead.
Marianna. Pa.. Nov. 28. 1908: 154 dead.
Monongah, W. Va., Dec. 6. 1907; 360 dead.
Newcastle. England, Feb. 16, 1909; 100 dead.
Seng-henydd. Wales. Oct. 14. 1913: 423 dead.
Telluride. Col., Nov. 20, 1901; 100 dead.
Toyooka. Japan. July 20. 1907: 400 dead.
Virginia City. Ala., Feb. 20. 1905; 160 dead.
Watertown, Wales, July 11. 1905: 144 dead.
Welongong, Australia, July 31, 1902; 120 dead.
Whitehaven, England. May 12, 1910: 137 dead.
466
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
DATES OF RECENT HISTORICAL EVENTS.
Agruinaldo captured. March 23. 1901.
Alaska boundary award made. Oct. 17. 1903.
Albert I. ascended throne of Belgium. Dec. 17.
1909.
Alfonso XIII. ascended throne of Spain, May
17,' 1902: attempted assassination of. in
Paris. June 1. 1906: shot at by anarchist
in Madrid. April 13. 1913.
Amundsen. Roald. completes northwest
sage. 1906: reaches south pole. Dec. 16. 1911.
Anarchists. Chicago, hanged. Nov. 11. 1887.
Anarchists pardoned by Altgeld, June 26. 1893.
Andree began arctic balloon trip, July 11.
1897.
Anglo-American arbitration treaty signed, Jan.
11. 1897.
Anglo-Boer war began, Oct. 10. 1899: ended
May 31. 1902.
Anglo-Japanese treaty signed. Jan 30, 1902.
Arabic sunk. Aug. 19. 1915.
Archbald, Robert W., judge of United States
Circuit court, impeached and removed from
office, Jan. 13, 1913.
Arizona admitted as a state. Feb. 14. 1912.
Armenian massacres began in 1890; culminat-
ed in 1895. 1896 and 1897.
Atlanta. Ga. (Cotton States and Industrial)
exposition. Sept. 15 to Dec. 31. 1895.
Australian commonwealth inaugurated, Jan. 1,
1901.
Austria surrenders to allies. Nov. 3, 1918:
signs peace treaty, Sept. 10, 1919.
Balkan-Bulgarian war began. May 23. 1913;
ended. Aug. 10, 1913.
Balkan-Turkish war began Oct. 8, 1912;
ended. May 30. 1913.
Balloon disaster, Chicago. July 21, 1919.
Baltimore fire. Feb. 7. 1904.
Battle ship cruise, American. Dec. 16. 1907.
to Feb. 22. 1909.
Bennington gunboat disaster. July 21, 1905.
Bering sea seal treaty signed, Nov. 8. 1897,
Bismarck resigned chancellorship. March 18.
1890: died July 30. 1898.
Borda. President, assassinated. Aug. 25. 1897.
Bosnia and Herzegovina annexed by Austria,
Oct. 6. 1908.
Boxer outbreak in China began. May, 1900.
Boyertown (Pa.) theater fire and panic, Jan.
13. 1908.
Brazil proclaimed a republic. Nov. 15, 1889.
Brest-Litovsk peace treaty signed. March 3.
1918.
Buffalo (Pan-American) exposition, May 1 to
Nov. 2. 1901.
Bulgaria proclaims independence. Oct. 5. 1908;
surrender to allies. Sept. 29, 1918.
Cable. Pacific, laying of, begun at San Fran-
cisco. Dec. 14. 1902.
California Midwinter exposition, Jan. 1 to July
4. 1894.
Calumet (Mich.) hall panic, Dec. 24. 1913.
Campanile in Venice fell. July 14. 1902.
Canadian reciprocity bill passed by congress
and signed by President Taft. July 26. 1911:
rejected by Canada. Sept. 21.
Carlos I., king of Portugal, assassinated. Feb.
I. 1908.
Carnot. President, assassinated, June 24. 1894.
Cartago. Costa Rica, destroyed by earthquake.
May 5. 1910.
Caroline islands bought by Germany, Oct. 1,
1899.
Charles I. of Austria-Hungary abdicates, Nov.
II, 1918.
Charleston. S. C. (Interstate and West Indian),
exposition, Dec. 1. 1901. to May 20, 1902.
Chelsea (Mass.) fire. April 12. 1908.
Cherry (111.) mine disaster. Nov. 13. 1909.
Chicago race riots. July 27-Aug. 2, 1919.
China, revolution begins Sept. 7. 1911: repub-
lic proclaimed Dec. 29. 1911;
dynasty abdicates Feb. 12. 1912.
Manchu
Cholera epidemic in Hamburg. Germany. Aug-
ust. 1892: in Russia and Italy, summer of
1910.
Christian IX.. king of Denmark, died Jan. 29.
1906.
Christian X. proclaimed king of Denmark. May
15. 1912.
Coal (anthracite) strike began. May 12. 1902:
ended. Oct. 21, 1902.
Constantine. king of Greece, deposed. June 12
1917.
Constitution. U. S. 16th amendment to. pro-
claimed. Feb. 25, 1913: 17th amendment to.
proclaimed. May 31, 1913.
Corinth ship canal open. Aug. 6, 1893.
Corpus Christi (Tex.) storm and tidal wave.
Sept. 14. 1919.
Courriere mine disaster, March 10. 1906.
Crib disaster. Chicago. Jan. 20. 1909.
Cronin murder. May 4. 1889.
Cuba under sovereignty of United States Jan.
1. 1899.
Cuban constitution signed. Feb. 21. 1901.
Cuban-United States reciprocity treaty ratified.
March 19, 1903; bill to carry treaty into
effect passed by congress, Dec. 16. 1903.
Cuban republic inaugurated. May 20. 1902:
President Palma and cabinet resigned and
American control established. Sept. 29. 1906;
Gen. Jose Miguel Gomez elected president,
Nov. 14, 1908: American control relin-
quished, Jan. 28. 1909.
Cuban revolt began. Feb. 24. 1895.
Currency law enacted. Dec. 23. 1913.
Czolgosz, McKinley's assassin, tried and sen-
tenced. Sept. 24, 1901; executed. Oct. 29.
1901.
De Lesseps, Ferdinand, convicted of Panama
fraud. Feb. 9. 1893.
Delyannis, Grecian premier, assassinated. June
13. 1905.
Dewey's victory at Manila. May 1. 1898.
Diaz. Porfirio, forced by revolutionists to re-
sign presidency of Mexico. May 25. 1911.
Dingley tariff bill signed. July 24. 1897.
Dom Pedro exiled from Brazil, Nov. 16. 1889.
Draft for American national army: regisj~a-
tion day June 6. 1917; numbers drawn July
20. 1917.
Dreyfus, Capt.. degraded and sent to Devil's
island. Jan. 4, 1895: brought back to France.
July 3. 1899: new trial begun. Aug. 7: found
guilty, Sept. 9: pardoned. Sept. 19. 1899: re-
stored to rank in army. July 12, 1906. ly
decision of Supreme court of France: deco-
rated with cross of Legion of Honor, July
21. 1906.
Earthquake in India, April 4. 1905: in Cala-
bria, Italy, Sept. 8, 1905, and Dec. 28, 1908.
(See also San Francisco, Valparaiso. Kings-
ton, Messina and Cartago.)
Eastland steamship disaster in Chicago. July
24. 1915.
Edward VII. proclaimed king. Jan. 24. 1901:
crowned. Aug. 9. 1902: died. May 6. 1910.
Elizabeth, empress of Austria, assassinated.
Sept. 10. 1898.
Empress of Ireland sunk. May 29. 1914.
European war began, Aug. 1, 1914; armistice
signed, Nov. 11, 1918.
Fallieres. C. A., elected president of France,
Jan. 17. 1906.
Ferdinand Archduke Francis, and consort as-
sassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia. June 28. 1914.
Ferrer. Francisco, executed in Spain. Oct. 13.
1909.
Field. Marshall, died. Jan. 16. 1906.
Fisheries (Atlantic) dispute settled by The
Hague court. June 1. 1910.
Floods in Ohio and Indiana. March 25-27.
1913.
Formosa transferred to Japan, June 4. 1895.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
407
Frederick VIII. succeeded to throne of Den-
mark. Jan. 29. 1906: died. May 14. 1912.
Galveston tornado. Sept. 8, 1900.
General Slocum disaster, June 15. 1904.
George I., king of Greece, assassinated in
Saloniki. Macedonia. March 18. 1913.
George V. succeeded to British throne. May 6,
1910: crowned. June 22. 1911.
Germany, revolution in. Nov. 9, 1018: new
constitution proclaimed. Aug. 13. 1919:
signs peace treaty. June 28. 1919.
Gladstone resigned premiership. March 2. 1894 :
died May 19. 1898.
Goebel. Gov. William, shot. Jan. 30, 1900: died
Feb. 2.
Greco-Turkish war began. April 16. 1897:
ended, May 11. 1897: peace treaty signed,
Sept. 18. 1897.
Haiti. President Lecomte and 400 persons
killed by explosion in palace. Aug. 8. 1912.
Halifax disaster. Doc. 6. 1917.
Harriman, E. H. died. Sept. 9, 1909.
Harrison. Benjamin, died. March 13. 1901.
Harrison. Carter. Sr., assassinated, Oct. 28,
1893.
Hawaii made a republic, July 4, 1894: an-
nexed to United States. Aug". 12, 1896: made
a territory. June 14. 1900.
Haymarket riot. Chicago. May 4. 1886.
Hay-Pauncefote isthmian canal treaty signed.
Nov. 18. 1901.
Homestead (Pa.) labor riot. July 6. 1892.
Humbert. King, assassinated. July 29. 1900.
Idaho admitted as a stato, July 3. 1890.
Income tax amendment to constitution of the
United States proclaimed. Feb. 25. 1913.
Irish land purchase law in force. Nov. 1, 1903.
Iroquois theater fire, Dec. 30. 1903: lives lost.
575.
Italian army routed in Abyssinia, March 1,
1896.
Italian prisoners lynched in New Orleans.
March 14, 1891.
Italy declares war on Turkey over Tripoli dis-
pute. Sept. 29, 1911: formally annexes Trip-
oli. Feb. 23. 1912: war ended. Oct. 18.
1912.
Ito. Prince, assassinated. Oct. 26, 1909.
Jameson raiders in Transvaal routed, Jan. 2,
1896.
Jamestown (Va.) tercentennial exposition.
April 26 to Nov. 30. 1907.
Japan, battle of Sea of. May 27-28, 1905.
Japan declared war on China, Aug. 1. 1894;
war ended. April 17. 1895.
Japan-Russia war began, Feb. 7, 1904; ended
Sept. 5. 1905.
Jerusalem captured by British, Dec. 11, 1917.
Johnstown flood. May 31. 1889.
Jutland naval battle. May 31-June 1. 1916.
Ketteler. Baron von. killed in Peking, June 30.
1900.
Kingston (Jamaica) earthquake and fire. Jan.
14. 1907.
Kishinev massacre, April 20. 1903.
Kitchener. Lord, drowned June 5, 1916.
Koch's lymph cure announced. iNov. 17. 1890.
Kongo Free State annexed by Belgium. Aug.
20. 1908.
Korea annexed by Japan. Aug. 29. 1910.
Kossuth. Louis, died. March 20. 1894.
Labor department (U. S.) created March 4,
1913.
Lawton. Gen. H. W.. killed. Dec. 19. 1899.
Leiter wheat deal collapsed. June 13. 1898.
Leopold n., king of Belgium, died. Dec. 17,
1909.
Liliuokalani, queen of Hawaii, deposed. Jan.
16. 1893: died Nov. 11. 1917.
Louisville tornado. March 27. 1890.
Luiz Philippe, crown prince of Portugal, as-
sassinated. Feb. 1. 1908.
Lusitania sunk. May 7. 1915.
Madagascar annexed to France, Jan. 23, 1896
Maine blown UP. Feb. 15. 1898: raised In
1911-1912 and sunk in the open sea off
Havana. March 16, 1912.
Manuel II., king of Portugal, deposed. Oct. 3-4.
1910.
Marconi signals letter ' "S" across Atlantic. Dec.
11. 1901.
Messina destroyed by earthquake, Dec. 28,
1908.
Mexican revolution. Nov. 18. 1910. to May
25. 1911: President Diaz forced to resign.
May 25. 1911.
Mexican-American crisis: Americans occupy
Vera Cruz. April 21. 1914: eighteen Amer-
ic&as killed by Villa bandits. Jan. 10, 1916;
Villa raids Columbus, N. M.. and kills seyen-
• teen persons, March 9. 1916. American
troops invade Mexico from north; President
Wilson calls out national guard. June 18.
1916.
Meyerbeer centenary celebrated in Berlin, Sept.
5. 1891.
Morocco conference began. Jan. 16. 1906.
Mukden, battle of. Feb. 24-March 12. 1905.
McKinley. President, shot by anarchist Sept. 6.
1901; died. Sept. 14. 1901.
Nansen arctic expedition started. July 21.
1893: returned Aug. 13. 1896.
Nashville. Tenn. (Tennessee Centennial), ex-
position. May 1 to Oct. 31. 1897.
New Mexico admitted as a state. Jan. 6. 1912.
Nicholas II. proclaimed czar of Russia. Nov.
2. 1894; crowned, May 26. 1896: attempted
assassination of, Jan. 19. 190o: deposed.
March 15, 1917: put to death. July 16.
1918.
Norge disaster. June 28. 1904.
North Collinwood (O.) school disaster, March
4. 1908.
North pole reached by Commander Robert E.
Peary, April 6. 1909.
North sea naval battle (see Jutland).
Norway dissolved union with Sweden, June 7
1905.
Oklahoma and Indian Territory admitted to
union as state of Oklahoma, Nov. 16, 1907.
Omaha race riots. Sept. 28, 1919.
Omaha tornado. March 23. 1913.
Omaha. Neb. (Trans-Mississippi), exposition.
June 1 to Nov. 1, 1898.
Omdurman, battle of, Sept. 4. 1898.
Oscar II., king of Sweden, died, Dec, 8, 1907.
Otto, insane king- of Bavaria, deposed Nov. 6.
1913; died. Oct. 11, 1916.
Panama canal property bought by the United
States, Feb. 16, 1903.
Panama fraud trials in Paris, Jan. 10 to
March 21, 1893.
Panama revolution, Nov. 3, 1903.
Pan-American congress, first, began, Oct. 2,
1889; second. Oct. 23, 1902.
Parcel post established in United States, Jan.
Paris1expbsition, 1878. 1889, 1900.
Paris flood. Jan. 20-Feb. 1, 1910.
Peate conference called by czar, Aug. 24.
1898: opened at The Hague, May 18, 1899:
closed, July 29. 1899: second peace con-
ference, June 15-Oct. 18. 1907.
Peace conference in Paris and Versailles.
France, began Jan. 18, 1919; German peace
treaty signed June 28. 1919: Austrian peace
treaty signed. Sent. 10. 1919.
Peace palace at The Hague dedicated, Aug.
Peking captured by the allies. Aug. 15. 1900.
Petrograd riots, Jan. 22, 1905.
Philippine- American war began, Feb. 4, 1899;
ended April 30. 1902.
Philippines ceded to the United States. Dec.
10 1 fiOH
Pope Benedict XV. elected, Sept. 3. 1914.
Pope Leo XIII. died. July 20, 1903.
Pope Pius X., elected, Aug. 4, 1903: died
Aug. 20, 1914.
468
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Portland, Ore. (Lewis and Clark), exposition,
June 1 to Oct. 14, 1905.
Port Arthur captured by the Japanese from
the Chinese, Nov. 21, 1894; from Russians,
Jan. 1, }905.
Porto Rico ceded to the United States, Dec.
10, 1898.
Porto Rico hurricane, Aug. 8, 1899.
Portugal, King- Carlos, and Crown Princ- Luiz
assassinated, Feb. 1. 1908; Manuel II. de-
posed and republic declared, Oct. 3-4, 1910.
Postage between United States and Britain re-
duced to 2 ccnts, Oct. 1, 1908.
Postal banks established in United States, Jan.
3, 1911.
Preparedness campaign in United States, 1915-
1916.
Pretoria captured by British, June 4, 1900.
Prohibition amendment to United States con-
stitution proclaimed Jan. 29, 1919.
Pullman strike began. May 11. 1894; bovcott
l>egan, June 26; rioting in Chicag-o and vi-
cinity, June and July; strike and boycott
enaed Aug-ust.
Race riots. Chicago. July 27-Aug-. 2, 1919;
Omaha. Sept. 28, 1919; Washington, D. C.,
July 19-22, 1919.
Reciprocity (with Canada) bill passed by con-
gress and signed by President Taft. July 26,
1911; rejected by Canada. Sept. 21, 1911.
Rhodes. Cecil, died, March 26, 1903.
Roentgen ray discovery made public, Feb. 1,
1896.
Roosevelt, Theodore, became president of the
United States on death of McKinley. Sept.
•14, 1901; elected to same office, Nov. 8.
1904; attempted assassination of, Oct. 14,
1912; died Jan. 6, 1919.
Russia- Japan war began, Feb. 7, 1904; ended
Sent. 5, 1905.
Russian revolution overthrows czarism, March
12, 1917.
Sakurajima, eruption of, Jan. 11-13, 1914.
Salem (Mass.) fire, June 25, 1914.
Salisbury. Premier, resigned, July 13, 1902:
died, Aug-. 22, 1903.
St. Louis clubhouse (Missouri Athletic) fire.
March 9, 1914; lives lost, thirty.
St. Louis cyclone. May 27, 1896.
St. Louis (Louisiana Purchase) exposition,
April 30 to Dec. 1. 1904.
St. Pierre, Martinique, destroyed. May 8, 1902.
San Francisco earthquake and fire, April 18-
20, 1906.
San Juan and El Caney, battles of, July 1,
1898.
Santiago de Cuba, naval battle of, July 3,
1898.
Santiago de Cuba surrendered, July 17, 1898.
Schley inquiry ordered, July 26, 1901; berrcn,
Sept. 20; ended, Nov. 7; verdict announced.
Dec. 13.
Schurz, Carl, died. May 14, 1906.
Scott, Robert F., explorer, perished in bliz-
zard after reaching south pole, March 29.
1913. •
Seattle. Wash. (Alaska-Yukon), exposition,
June 1 to Oct. 16, 1909.
Senators, U. S.. direct election amendment
proclaimed. May 31, 1913.
Sersrius. Grand Duke, assassinated, Feb. 17,
1905.
Serbia, king- and queen of, assassinated, June
11. 1903.
Shah of Persia assassinated, M-ay 1. 1896.
Simplon tunnel completed, Feb. 25, 1905.
Skager-Rak naval battle (see Jutland).
Somme, battle of, began July 1. 1916.
South pole reached by Capt. Roald Amundsen,
Dec. 1(5, 1911; reached by Capt. Robert F.
Scott. Jan. 17, 1912.
Spanish-American war began, April 25, 1898;
peace protocol signed, Aug. 12, 1898; Paris
peace treaty signed, Dec. 12; peace treaty
ratified, Feb. 6, 1899.
Springfield (111.) riots and lynchings, Aug.
Standard Oil decision by United States Su-
preme court. May 15, 1911.
Stolypin, premier of Russia, shot by assassin,
Sept. 14. 1911; died Sept. 18.
Stone. Ellen M., captured by brigands, Sept.
3, 1901; released. Feb. 23. 1902.
, Suffrage (see Woman Suffrage.)
Sulzer, William, governor of New York im-
peached and removed from office, Oct. 17,
1913.
Sussex sunk, March 24, 1916.
Taft, William H., elected president of the
United States. Nov. 3, 1908.
Tariff ( Payne- Aldrich ) act approved. Aug. 5,
1909; (Underwood-Simmons) act approved,
Oct. 3, 1913.
Titanic steamship sunk, April 15, 1912.
Tobacco trust decision. May 29, 1011.
Transvaal republic annexed to Great Britain.
Sopt. 1, 1900.
Turkey, sultan of, proclaimed constitution,
July 24, 1908: Sultan Abdul Hamid deposed,
April 27, 1909.
Turkey, war with Italy over Tripoli began,
Sept. 29, 1911; ended, Oct. 18, 1912.
Turkey, war with Balkan states began, Oct.
8. 1912; Nazim Pasha assassinated, Jr-n. 23,
1913: surrenders to allies Oct. 30, 1919.
Union of South Africa proclaimed. May 31,
1910.
United States entered European war, April
6, 1917.
Utah admitted as a state, Feb. 4, 1896.
Valparaiso earthquake, Aug. 16, 1906.
Venezuelan blockade by England, Germany
and Italy began in first part of December,
1902; ended, Feb. 13. 1903.
Verdun, battle of, began, Feb. 22, 1916.
Vesuvius, great eruntion of, April 1-10, 1906.
Victor Emmanuel III., king of Italy, crowned,
Aug-. 11, 1902; attempt to assassinate,
March 14, 1912
Victoria, queen of England, died, Jan. 22,
1901.
Victory parade in London, England, July 19,
1919.
Victory parade in Paris, France, July 14.
1919.
Volturno disaster, Oct. 9, 1913.
War, great European, besran. Aug. 1. 1914;
United States entered, April 6, 1917; armi-
stice signed, Nov. 11, 1918.
Washing-ton, D. C., race riots, July 19-22, 1919.
Wilhelmina proclaimed queen of Holland, Aug.
31. 1898.
William II., emperor of Germany, flees to Hol-
land Nov. 10, 1919; abdicates Nov. 28.
1919.
Wilson, Woodrow, elected president of the
United States, Nov. 5, 1912; re-elected, Nov.
7, 1916.
Windsor hotel, New York, burned, March 17,
1899.
Woman suffrage amendment to constitution
approved by congress and submitted to the
states for ratification June 4, 1919.
World's Fair in Chicago opened. May 1, 1893;
ended. Oct. 30, 1893.
World war (see European war).
Wyoming- admitted to statehood. July 10. 1890.
Yalu, battle of, Sept. 17, 1894.
President — Samuel Gompers.
Secretary — Frank Morrison.
Treasurer — Daniel J. Tobin.
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR.
I Headquarters— 801-809 G street CT. W., Wash-
ington, D. C.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
GENERAL EVENTS OF 1919.
FIRE LOSSES AND CASUALTIES.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa. May 22— Explosion and
fire in Douglas starch works cause loss of
forty lives and $3.000,000 damage. _
Chicag-o Feb. 25 — Building: at 323-25 West
Lake street burned: loss, §200,000.
March 2— Fire in Morris & Co. packing1 plant
causes loss of one life and property dam-
age of 8500.000.
March 22— Western Electric company store-
house burned; loss, $300,000. •
April 7— Independent Packing1 company's
plant damaged by fire: loss. $100.000.
April 7— Barker's bakery. 1018 E. 63d street.
burned: loss, $100.000.
July 23— Sixteen frame houses burned in
South Chicago: one fireman killed and five
injured: loss, $200,000.
Aug 2— One hundred houses destroyed near
stockyards by incendiary fires: 2.000 per-
sons made homeless; loss. $350000.
Aug 9— Fire in roofing plant of the F. Beck-
er Co. causes loss of $150,000.
Oct. 3-One fireman killed and $100.000 dam-
ages caused by fire in Heisen building. 347
Union Park place.
Columbus O., May 5— Nine rersons killed and
rS.- of StandanJ
Guano Co damaged by fire: loss. $1.500.000.
Detroit, Mich.. Aug. 1— Wadsworth Manufac-
turing company's plant burned, causing loss
East ^Chicago. Ind., Sept. 4— Part of General
American Tank corporation plant burned.
Aug. 19-Thirty houses
burned- loss. $200.000.
Liverpool. England, June 16— Dock warehouses
burned, causing $5,000.000 loss
Long Island City. N. Y.. Sept. 13-?ire causes
$5,000.000 damage to Standard Oil company
OtUwa. HI., Feb. 7-Klapper & Klapper de-
partment store burned: loss. $100,000.
Peoria. 111.. Jan. 1— American Milling company
plant damaged by fire: loss. $600 000.
Petersville, Ky.. July 5— Five children lose
their lives in farmhouse fire.
Philadelphia. Pa.. July 12— Five firemen killed
and 'thirty-one injured by falling- walls at
warehouse fire. , ,
Pittsburgh, Pa.. Jan. 7— Ten persons killed and
a score hurt in film exchange building; prop-
erty loss. $1.000.000.
Platteville. Wis., Feb. 8— Gasoline explosion
causes ten deaths and $200,000 loss to
Put^Bay'. O.. Aug1. 14— Hotel Victory burned:
St.°Jovile. Que.. 'Feb. 20— Eight persons perish
Savannah! ?a.'. Feb. 14— Southern Fertilizer
and Chemical company's plant burned; loss.
SR° OOO OOO
Sioux City, ' Iowa, Jan. 19— Business block
burned: loss. $1.000.000. •
Watertown N. Y.. July 10— Taggart block
burned: loss. $450,000.
Yokohama, Japan. April 28— Two thousand
houses burned: two persons killed and thirty
injured: property loss. $7,470,000.
MARINE DISASTERS.
Castalia. American steamer, wrecked off Sable
island, Jan. 11— Five lives lost. .
Chaproi. French liner, sunk by striking- mine
in Straits of Messina. Jan. 16— Five hundred
CittaSdi°SMilano. Italian steamship, sunk off
Sicily. June 1 7— Twenty-three lives lost
City of Muskegon. lake steamer, sunk m Mus-
kegon. (Mich.) channel Oct. 28— Twenty -one
lives lost.
Clan Gordon, British steamer, lost off Cape
Hatteras. July 29— Three lives lost.
Corydon. American steamer, lost in Bahama
channel, Sept. 9 — Twenty-seven lives lost.
Delta, schooner, wrecked at Macatawa, Mich..
Aug. 21— No lives lost.
Endurance, British exploring steamer, wrecked
off Yarmouth, England. Jan. 30— Ten lives
lost.
Farnam. American steamer, sunk by mine off
Swedish coast. June 23 — No lives lost.
Gallia, Canadian schooner, sunk in collision
near St. Pierre. Aug. 6— Twenty lives lost.
Helene. French bark, wrecked off coast o'
Virginia. Feb. 22. in collision— Sixteen lives
lost.
Hughli, British naval tug-, sinks off Nieuport,
Belgium. April 28 — Twenty-two lives lost.
lolaire, British steam yacht, wrecked off Stern-
oway, Scotland, , Jan. 1 — 270 lives lost.
Lake Placid. American steamer, sunk by mine,
near Swedish coast. May 19— No lives lost.
Lord Buffering Canadian freight ship, sunk in
collision in New York harbor, Feb. 28 — One
life lost.
Melville. U. S. S. vessel at sea. July 26— Five
men killed by boiler explosion.
Piave. American steamer, wrecked off Deal.
England. Jan. 30— No lives lost.
Richard H. Buckley, American mine sweeper.
sunk by mine in North, sea. July 12 — Seven
lives lost.
Shijiki Maru, Japanese transport, foundered
Aug 15. off Sanegashima— 110 lives lost.
supply
sunk at Hoboken (N. J.) pier. Feb. 23 — Pwo
g
ola.
Sixaola. American supply ship, burned and
lives lost; property loss, $3.000.000.
Valbanera. Spanish steamer, lost in hurricane,
off Key West, Fla.. Sept. 10—488 lives lost.
Yankee. U. S. steamship, sunk in collision off
Fire island. N. Y.. June 12— No lives lost.
Yselhaven, U. S. transport, sunk by mine in
North sea. March 14— Nine lives lost.
STORMS AND FLOODS.
Argentina, S. A.. July 10-14— One million sheep
and 100.000 cattle drowned in flood in
Buenos Aires province.
Chile. S. A.. July 11-12— Hurricane sweeps
coast: eighty-seven lives lost; property loss.
$200.000,000.
Corpus Christi. Tex.. Sept. 14—500 lives lost
and $25.000,000 worth of property destroyed
by storm and tidal wave.
Durant, Okla., April 8 — Eleven persons killed
by storm.
Eufaula, Ala., March 4— Tornado causes four
deaths and property loss of $1.000.000.
Fergus Falls, Minn.. June 22— Sixty persons
killed and 150 injured by tornado; property
loss. $4.000,000.
Florida. Sept. 10— Southern coast visited by
severe hurricane: property loss heavy.
Fu Chow, China, Sept. 8— Typhoon on south-
eastern coast of island of Amoy kills 3,000
persons.
Havana. Cuba, Sept. 9-<)ity hit by hurricane
and tidal wave: five lives lost.
Hoisington. Kas.. Oct. 8— Tornado kills two
persons and injures twenty-five; property
loss, $200.000.
Key West. Fla., Sept. 10— City badly damaged
by hurricane: loss, $2.000.000.
Melbourne. Australia, March 8 — Much damage
done by heavy rainstorm in city and country.
Mineola, Tex., April 8— Eleven lives lost in
storm.
Newsome. Tex.. April 8 — Six lives lost in
storm.
Ogden. Ark.. April 8— Five persons killed in
storm,
4TO
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Ohio. Aug. 5 — Storm sweeps through northern
part of state: loss. $2,000.000.
Oklahoma and Texas. April 8— One hundred
persons killed by tornadoes.
Omaha. Neb.. April 6— Sixty houses demolished
by storm; loss. $250.000.
Texas and Oklahoma, April 8— One hundred
lives lost in storms.
Tundra. Tex.. April 8— Eight persons killed by
tornado.
Winsboro. Tex., April 8— Fourteen lives lost
. in storm.
RAILROAD WRECKS.
Baltimore & Ohio line in Pittsburgh. Pa.. Feb.
22— Nine persons killed and seventy-five in-
jured in collision.
Buffalo-Lake Erie traction line. Oct. 4— Five
persons killed and thirteen injured in col-
lision between Dunkirk and Fredonia.
New York Central line at Dunkirk. N. Y..
July I—Nine persons killed and twenty seri-
ously injured.
New York Central line at South Byron. N. Y..
Jan. 12 — Twenty-one persons killed in col-
lision.
Pere Marquette line at Grawn. Mich.. AUK. 20
—Six persons killed and eighteen injured in
collision.
Philadelphia & Reading road at Fort Wash-
ington station. Pa.. Jan. 13 — Nine persons
killed and twenty injured in collision.
MINE DISASTERS.
Aguilar. Col.. March 31— Thirteen men killed
by explosion in coal mine.
Birmingham. Ala.. April 29— Seventeen men
killed by gas explosion in a mine of the
Majestic Coal Mining- company.
Chelsea. Okla. April 29— Ten persons killed by
coal .oil explosion in farmhouse near the city.
Kimball. W. Va., July 18— Six men killed by
g-as explosion in Tazewell Creek company
coal mine.
La Veta. Col.. Aug. 18— Eighteen men killed
by explosion in Oakview Coal company s
mine.
Wilkes-Barre. Pa.. June 5 — Eighty-three men
killed and fifty hurt in Delaware & Hudson
Coal company's mine by powder explosion.
TRAIN-AUTOMOBILE COLLISIONS.
Del Roy. 111.. July 4— Five persons killed when
train hits automobile.
Donnellsville. O.. Oct. 5— Family of five killed
in collision between automobile and inter-
urban car.
Hastings, Neb.. Oct. 25— Five persons killed
and two injured by train smiung taxicab.
Lawton. Mich.. Aug. 10 — Five persons in auto-
mobile killed on railroad crossing:.
Milwaukee. Wis.. July 20— Family of six killed
in collision between automobile and train.
West Springfield, Pa.. Aug. 16— Family of
eight killed by train striking automobile.
Wpodbury. N. J., Nov. 1 — Eleven persons killed
in collision of train and truck.
MISCELLANEOUS ACCIDENTS.
Baltimore. Md.. July 1— Navy dirigible C-8 ex-
plodes, injuring1 seventy- five persons.
Boston. Mass.. Jan. 15— Nine persons killed
and fifty injured by explosion of molasses
tank.
East Otis. Mass.. July 25— Eleven boys
drowned by upsetting of boat in Big pond.
Kingsbury, Ind.. April 18— Six children killed
by train at John Hewsman crossing-.
Milwaukee. Wis.. June 5— Sixty-five persons in-
jured by street car's jumping- the track on
hill and overturning.
Montreal. Que.. Aug. 10— Seven persons killed
in scenic railway disaster at amusement park.
Parmanco, W. Va.. Aug. 14— Collision between
engine and trolley car results in death of
eight and injury of twenty persons.
Port Colborne. Ont.. Aug. 9— Eight persons
killed by explosion in grain elevator.
Tuscaloosa. Ala.. June 15 — Nineteen persons
drowned by upsetting of launch.
DEATH BOLL OF
From Dec. 1, 1918
UNITED STATES.
Abbott. Bessie (Mrs. F. Waldo Story), opera
singer, in New York. N. Y., Feb. 9.
Abbott. Richard H. (1870), colonel. I. N. G..
in Springfield. 111.. May 3.
Abeles. Edward S. (1870), actor, in New York.
N. Y.. July 10.
Adams, Oscar Fay. author, at North Truro.
Mass.. April 30.
Addicks. J. Edward (1841). financier, in New
York. N. Y., Aug. 7.
Alden. Henry Mills (1836), editor, in New
York. N. Y.. Oct. 7.
Alexander. James L. (1835). Standard Oil
company official, in Elizabeth, N. J.. Feb. 18.
Anderson. H. Aug. (1839). actor, in Westville.
N. J.. March 20.
Aronson. Rudolf (1856). composer, in New
' York. N. Y.. Feb. 5.
Ashley. Miss Jessie, suffragist and lawyer, in
New York. N. Y.. Jan. 20.
Aspinwall. Homer F. (1846), former state
senator, in Freeport, 111.. Feb. 23.
Avery, Mrs. R. F., suffragist, in Doyleston, Pa..
Oct. 26.
Ayres. Brown (1857), educator, in Knoxville,
Tenn.. Jan. 28.
Bacon. Robert (1860), diplomat, in New York,
N. Y.. May 29.
Barr. Amelia E. (1831). author, in New York.
N. Y.. March 10.
Barrett. Nathan Franklin C1846), landscape
architect, in New Rochelle, N. Y.. Oct. 17.
Bashford. James W. (1849), bishop, in Los
Angeles. Cal.. March 18.
THE YEAR 1919.
to Nov. 10. 1919.
Bates. John C. (1840), lieutenant-general, U.
S. A., retired, in San Diego. Cal., Feb. 4.
Battle. Klempp P. (1822). educator, in Ra-
leigh, N. C.. Feb. 4.
Baum. L. Frank Wright (1856). author and
playwright, in Los Angeles, Cal.. May 6.
Baume. James S. (1857), judge, in Rockford.
111.. July 20.
Bell, James D. (1845). G. A. R. commander.
in Brooklyn. N. Y.. Nov. 1.
Bell. J. Franklin (1856). major-general. U. S.
A., in New York. N. Y.. Jan. 8.
Belmont. August (1853), banker, in New York,
N. Y.. March 29.
Blakelock. Ralph (1847), artist, in the Adiron-
dacks. N. Y.. Aug. 10.
Blakey. Leonard, educator, in Chicago, Oct. 4.
Bliss. Howard F. (1844). publisher, in Janes-
ville. Wis.. July 24.
Blossom. Henry (1866). playwright, in New
York. N. Y.. March 23.
Bond. Henry W. (1848). jurist, in Jefferson
City. Mo.. Sept. 28.
Borland. William P. (1867), congressman, in
France. Feb. 22.
Bourne. Frederick G.. financier and yachtsman
at Oakdale. L. I.. March 9.
Braley. Theodore O., editor, in Chicago. March
16.
Braham, John, J., composer, in Brooklyn N.
Y,. Oct. 28.
Burnett. John L. (1854), congressman, in
Gadsden. Ala.. May 13.
Burt. Wellington R. (1831). capitalist and
pioneer, in Saginaw, Mich., March 2.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
471
Cadv,, ,. C.eve,and |18ST>. architect, in New
E. (1836)
lawyer **
in La-
.. in HubbanJ Woods.
Cobb.' Darius (1835) artist, in Newton Upper
(manufacture, in
CuNdahYy: Paatrick'17(1849). packer, in Milwau-
kee. Wis.. July 25.
Dady. Robert (1840). land owner, in Wau-
: France! fiftM*. financier, in Ham-
Wmiamllys"(1854) former chief of
police, at Far Rockaway, N. Y.. June 20.
Doble. Budd. turfman, in Los Angeles. Cal..
oSldNo-wnsend. colonel. U. S. A., near Phila-
nSlP^E* (1837). financier and at-
torney. in Bethlehem, Pa., July 3.
Duke. Brodie L. (1849). tobacco magnate, in
educator, in At-
e N.
El WnY ^eorge W (1858), financier and ; .a-
lanthropist. at Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 23.
Estopinal. Albert (1845). congressman, in New
FieTdeaRosweaii MPn(llli), author, in Morris-
n' (1867), bishop, in Philip-
or. treasury official, in
Washington, D. C., March 25.
Foster. Martin D. (1861). former congressman.
Fo£.°John. Jr. (1865). author, at Biff Stone
?' CharleSl5L8'(1856). capitalist, in De-
>. bishop, in Boise,
Idaho. Dec. 2, 1918.
Gardiner. Asa Bird (1839). lieutenant-colonel,
U S A., retired, in Suffern. N. Y.. May 28.
Garrigan P. J. (1810), bishop, in Sioux City.
Gaspaard°Jtule194*(1862). artist, in New York.
Gin! HfwSffc. (1«8«>, former mayor, in Seat-
Goodwin3 'WhTrnel^ C. (1857). comedian, in
New York. N. Y.. Jan. 31.
Green. Warren L. (1865). banker, in New
York. N. Y.. Aug. 12.
Greer. David H. (1844). bishop, in New rork.
N. Y.. May 19.
Griffin. Gerald (1854). actor, in Venice. Cal..
March 16.
Hammerstein. Oscar (1847), theater builder
and opera producer, in New York. N. Y.,
Aug. 1.
Hanan. Alfred P.. shoe manufacturer, at Sea-
gate. N. Y.. Sept. 26.
Hanna. Leonard C. (1850), ship owner, in
Cleveland. O.. March 23.
Hanrahan. John E. (1860), inventor, in Balti-
more. Md.. March 12.
Harben. Will N. (1858). author, in New York.
N. Y.. Aug. 7.
Harkness. Harry S. (1881). sportsman, in
New York. N. Y.. Jan. 23.
Harkness. William L., capitalist, in New York,
N. Y.. May 10.
Hay, Henry G., Sr. (1847), U. S. Steel corpora-
tion official, in Gary. Ind.. Aug. 18.
Hearst, Mrs. Phoebe A. (1842), in Pleasanton.
Cal.. April 13.
Hegeman, John R. (1845), insurance official,
at Mamaroneck. N. Y.. April 6.
Heinz, Henry J. (1844). head of pickling- con-
cern, in Pittsburgh, Pa.. May 14.
Herbert, Hilary A. (1834). former secretary
of the navy, in Tampa, Fla., March 6.
Hinds, Asher C. (1863). parliamentarian, in
Washingt9n. D. C.. May 2.
Hoard. William D. (1836), former governor, in
Fort Atkinson, Wis., Nov. 22, 1918.
Hood. John (1857). rear-admiral. U. S. N..
retired, in Annapolis. Md., Feb. 12.
Hopkins. Cyril G. (1866), educator, at Gib-
raltar. Oct. 8.
Horlick, George W. (1845), manufacturer, in
Racine, Wis., Aug. 31.
Hoss. F. Embree (1849), bishop, in Tuskegee.
Ala.. April 23.
Hough, Mrs. Anna Gould (1830), in Los An-
geles. Cal., April 29.
Hughes. John J., head of Paulist order in the
United States, in New York. N. Y., May 6.
Ide. George Edward (1860). insurance official.
at Locust Valley, L. I., July 10.
Jacobi. Abraham (1830), physician, at Lake
George. N. Y.. July 10.
Jacobs, Joseph W., theatrical manager, in New
York. N. Y.. Feb. 5.
Jefferson. Joseph W.. Jr. (1869). actor.
in New York. N. Y.. May 1.
Johnston. Julia H. (1849), hymn writer, in
Jone9.nCharles W^ "Buffalo") (1841). buffalo,
hunter, plainsman, in Topeka, Kas.. Oct. 1.
Jones. Pembroke, financier, in New York.
N. Y.. Jan. 24.
Kearney. Edward F. (1865). railroad presi-
dent, in St. Louis. Mo.. March 10.
Lackaye. Mrs. Wilton, at Long Beach, L. I..
Layton. Frederick (1827), philanthropist, in
Milwaukee, Wis.. Aug. 16.
Leary. Miss Annie, papal countess, in New
York. N. Y.. April 26.
Lebaudy Jacques, eccentric millionaire, in-
Westbury. N. Y.. Jan. 11.
Lister, Ernest (1870), governor, in Seattle.
Lubffn." David (1841). founder of interna-
tional institute of agriculture in Rome.
Italy. New York. N. Y.. J?n. 1.
MacCracken. Henry M. (1840), educator, m
Orlando. Fla.. Dec. 24. 3918.
Mallory. Henry R. (1848), steamship official,
in Winter Park. Fla.. March 4.
Msrkham. Paulin* (Mrs Jp"n g*»J*«). **>-
tress, in New York. N. Y.. March 20.
Marsh Charles W. (1834), inventor, in.
DeKalb. 111. Nov. 9. 1918.
472
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
Mason, John (1858), actor, in Stamford.
MStTeson^A. 'I'. (1842) professor of den-
tistry in Galesburg, 111., April 18.
McCabe Mrs. Harriet C. (1827), temperance
, near
, capitalist, in
cne- U846), judge in Phil*
delphia. Pa., Jan. 20.
Meek, Samuel W. (1864), publisher, in New
Merriam, ' Jonathan ' (1834). pioneer, at
). capitalist, in St.
Mitchell. ^John^Tslo1).. labor leader, in New
MunS'W.' MaxSe(P1862). orientalist, at Wild-
Nesmith, Blanche v7'(1858), actress, in New
NoSon', ArthuVABPrV856), oculist, in New
York, N. Y., June 18.
Oakes T. F. (1833), former railroad official,
ns. base-
ball umpire, in Boston, Mass., Dec. 20, 1918.
Page, Edward D. (1856), scientist, in Oakland,
J W.' (1870), highway engineer, in
), diplomat and
publisher, in Pinehurst, Ala.. Dec. 22. 1918.
Parsons William (1878). comedian, in Los
eMi833>. maio^e nera. In
civU war. in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 3.
Pendleton Edwin C. (1847), rear-admiral,
U. I N.. retired, in Philadelphia. Pa.. Sept.
Pettit, Frederick R. (1884), manufacturer, in
Kenosha Wis., June 14.
Pickering-, Edward C. (1846), astronomer, in
Cambridge, Mass.. Feb. 3.
Pleasants, William H. U8C4), transportation
official, in New York. N. Y., March 18.
Polgary. Gezade (1862), artist, in Atlantic
Popef'j?mes Wn'(1846), major-general U. S.
A retired, in Denver, Col.. Aug. 23.
Primrose; George H. (1853), minstrel, in* San
188), soldier, in New York,
QuteffY'Lenmel1 Ely' (1863), former, congress-
man in New York, N. Y., July 2.' .
Quincy, Josiah (1859), former mayor, in Bos-
ton, Mass., Sept. 8.
Reed Verner Z. (1863), author, capitalist,
Ftt^k ^'engineer, in New
; ATed Tulles), circus owner, in
Robbing Edward^. 2(1861), representative in
edl^a^^-; manufacturer, in
#"(1836). manufacturer, in
ooe Dormer president
of the United States, in Oyster Bay, N. Y.,
Ross"' Duncan C., wrestler and broad swords-
Ro^VwSfil^
U. S. A., retired, in New Brighton, N. Y..
?yt- David T.. judge, in Los Angeles. Cal..
March 5.
Ryan, John (1835). merchant, in Joliet, HI.,
May 26.
Sage, Mrs. Russell (1828), in New York,
N. Y.. Nov. 4, 1918.
Schinasi. Solomon, former tobacco dealer, in
New York, N. Y., Oct. 4.
Scrogin, Austin H., Masonic official, in Lex-
ington, 111., April 26.
Seligman, Minnie, actress, in Atlantic City,
N. J., March 1.
Shatter, Cornelius T. (1847), bishop, in Lan-
sing, Mich., March 28.
Shanley, Andrew (1870), restaurateur, in New
York, N. Y., Jan. 27.
Shaw, Anna (1848), suffragist leader, in
Moylan, Pa., July 2.
Sheldon, George R. (1857). banker, repub-
lican leader, in Carbondale, 111., Jan. 14.
Shepherd, Frederick M., Jr. (1858), manu-
facturer, in East Orange, N. J., Sept. 17.
Shonts, Theodore P. (1856), railroad builder
and official, in New York, N. Y., Sept. 21.
Silliman, John R. (1855), consul, in Guadala-
jara. Mexico. Jan. 17.
Smith. A. F. (1849). editor, in St. Louis.
Mo.. Aug. 16.
Smith, Joseph F. (1838), president of Mor-
mon church, in Salt Lake City, Utah. Nov.
19, 1918.
Spooner. John C. (1843), lawyer and former
United States senator from Wisconsin, in
New York. N. Y.. June 11.
Steinway. Charles H. (1857), piano manufac-
turer, in New York. N. Y.. Oct. 30.
-tephjns. Ferny M. (1857), educator and au-
thor, in San Francisco, Cal., April 16.
Stephens, John E., brigadier-general, U. S. A.,
in France, Jan. 4.
Stern, Ben, theatrical manager, in New York.
N. Y.. March 27.
Stewart. Allison V. (1856), publisher, in
Miami, Fla., March 14.
Story. Julian (1857). artist, in Philadelphia,
Pa.. Feb. 24.
Straight, Maj. Willard D. (1880), financier
and diplomat, in Paris. France, Dec. 1. 1918.
Strong, Henry A., capitalist, in Rochester,
N. Y.. July 26.
Swobe, Col. Thomas (1843), civil war vet-
eran, in Berkeley, Cal., Jan. 21.
Tanner, Henry S. (1831), physician, noted
for fast of forty days, in San Diego, Cal.,
Dec. 28, 1918.
Tawney, James A. (1855), former congress-
man, at Excelsior Springs, Mo., June 12.
Thomas, Chauncey (1850). rear-admiral. U. S.
N., retired, in Pacific Grove, Cal., May 11.
Thompson, Frederick, theatrical manager, in
New York, N. Y., June 6.
Thompson, Joseph B.. congressman, on train
near Martinsburg, W. Va.. Sept. 18.
Thompson, William B. (1838), banker and
political leader, at Haven, Me., Aug. 14.
Thum, William, metallurgist, in Hammond.
Ind., June 28.
Tiffany, Annie Ward, actress, in Syracuse,
N. Y., Dec. 31, 1918.
Titsworth. Judson (1845), clergyman, at Day-
tona. Fla., April 9.
Tod, David (1877), capitalist, in Youngstown.
O May 14.
Toy, Crawford H. (1836), educator, in Cam-
bridge, Mass., May 12.
Turner. Walter V., inventor, in Pittsburgh,
Pa., Jan. 9.
Van Dyke, Carl C. (1881), congressman, in
Washington, D. C., May 20.
Van Fleet, Frank, surgeon, in New York,
Van Hi'se, Charles R. (1857), educator, in
Milwaukee. Wis., Nov. 19. 1918.
Van Loan, Charles E. (1876). novelist and
humorist, in Abington, Pa.. May 2.
Van Wyck. Robert A. (1849). former mayor,
in New York, N. Y., Nov. 15. 1918.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
473
Very, Samuel W. (1846). rear-admiral, U. S.
N., retired, in Boston, Mass.. Jan. 3.
Warren, Edward K. (1847), manufacturer, in
Evanston, 111., Jan. 16.
Walker, Dr. Mary E. (1832), suffragist, sur-
geon in civil war, near Oswego, N. Y.,
Feb. 21.
Washburn, John S. (1858), miller, at Liver-
more Falls, Me.. Sept. 25.
Weisse, Charles H. (1868), former congress-
man, in Sheboygran. Wis., Oct. 8.
Wheeler, Van R., comic opera writer, in New
York. N. Y.. Feb. 15.
Whitaker, Herman (1867), author, in New
York, N. Y., Jan. 20.
White, Andrew D. (1832), statesman and edu-
cator, in Ithaca. N. Y., Nov. 4, 1918.
White, Howard (1881), singer, in New York,
N. Y., Jan. 23.
White, Joseph N. (1851), manufacturer, in
Winchendon, Mass.. March L3.
Wilcox. Ella Wheeler (1855). poet and au-
thor, in Brandford. Conn.. Oct. 30.
Williams, John E. (1842), arbitrator, in
Streator, 111., Jan. 2.
Williams, Arthur L. (1856), bishop, in Omaha,
Neb., Jan. 28.
Wilson, John M. (1838). brigadier-general U.
S. A., retired, in Washington. D. C.. Feb. 1.
Wise, Mrs. Sarah G., sculptress, in New York,
N Y May 11
Wool worth, Frank W. (1852), merchant, at
Glen Cove, L. I., April 8.
Wright, Cameron, lieutenant U. S. A., and
aviator, at St. Paul, Neb., Oct. 17.
Withycombe, James (1854), governor, in Sa-
lem, Ore., March 3.
Young, Bennett H. (1843). confederate gen-
eral in civil war, in Louisville. Ky., Feb. 23.
Zelaya, Joseph S.. -former president of Nica-
ragua, in New York, May 18.
FOREIGN.
Allan, Andrew (1860), ship owner, in Mon-
treal, Que., Feb. 11.
Alvez, Rodriguez, president-elect of Brazil, in
Rio Janeiro. Jan. 16.
Arnim. Gen. Count Sixt von. at Asch, Bo-
hemia. March 16.
Astor. William Waldorf (1848), capitalist, in
London, England. Oct. 18.
Ayling. Herbert (1853), actor, in New York.
N. Y.. Aug. 29.
Ballin. Albert (1857), shipping magnate, in
Berlin. Germany. Nov. 9. 1918.
Barnardiston. N. W. (1858), major-general in
British army, at Felixstowe, England. Aug. 18.
Beresford. Admiral Baron Charles W. (1846),
at Langwell. Scotland, Sept. 6.
Bilac, Olavo (1865). poet. o"ator and educa-
tor, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Dec. 28. 1918.
Botha. Louis (1863). soldier and statesman,
in Pretoria. U. of S. A., Aug. 28.
Cameron. Violet (1862). actress, in Worthing.
England. Oct. 25.
Cassetta. Francis de Paula (1845), cardinal,
in Rome. March 24.
Cellere. V. Maechidi. diplomat, in Washing-
ton. D. C.. Oct. 20.
Colonna, Princess Stagliano, in Santa Mar-
gherita. Italy. March 21.
Cottenham. Earl of (1874), in London, Eng-
land. April 22.
Cowles. Mrs. Frances (1862). author, in To-
ronto. Ont., Sept. 6.
Crookes. Sir William (1832), chemist and
physicist, in London. England. Ap il 4.
Davidson. Sir James Mackenzie (1856), sur-
geon, in London, England, April 2.
Deakin. Alfred 01856), former premier, in
Sydney. N. S. W.. Oct. 7.
Drummond. George E., Montreal iron merchant,
in London. England. Feb. 17.
Eisner. Kurt (1867). premier of Bavaria, in
Munich. Feb. 21.
Erlanger, Camille (1863), composer, in Paris.
France. April 24.
Festetics. Count Tassilo (1850), diplomat, in
Budapest. April 9.
Figgis, John N. (1866). theologian and his-
torian, in London, England, April 16.
Fischer. Emil (1852), professor of chemistry,,
in Berlin. Germany. July 16.
Fukushima. Yasumasa (1853), soldier, in
Tokyo. Japan. Feb. 18.
Gould. Nathaniel (1857), novelist, in New-
haven. England, July 25.
Grossmith. Weedon (1852). actor, in Lon-
don. England. June 14.
Haase. Hugo (1863), socialist leader, in Ber-
lin. Germany, Nov. 7.
Haeckel. Ernst H. (1834). zoologist, in Jena.
Germany. Aug. 9.
Habibullah Khan (1872). emir of Afghan-
istan, in Kabul. Feb. 20.
Hertling. Count G. F. von (1843). former im-
perial German chancellor, in Ruhpolding.
Bavaria. Jan. 4.
Holden. Sir Edward H. (1848), financier, in
Scotland. July 23.
Holtzendorff. Henning von (1853), admiral, in
Berlin. Germany. June 9.
Inverclyde. Baron (1864). ship owner, in
Glasgow. Scotland. Aug. 16.
Irving. Henry B. (1870), actor, son of Sir
Henry Irving, in London. England, Oct. 17.
Itagaki. Count Taisuke (1837). statesman, in
Tokyo. Japan. July 23.
John Charles (1905). prince, at Sandringham,
England. Jan. 18.
Kiralfy. Imre (1845). actor and manager, in
Brighton. England. April 27.
Laurier. Wilfrid (1841). statesman, in Ottawa.
Ont.. Feb. 17.
Leoncavallo. Ruggiero (1856). composer, in
Rome. Italy. Aug. 9.
Leroux. Xavier H. (1863). composer, in Paris.
France. Feb. 3.
Liebknecht. Karl (1871), socialist leader, in
Berlin. Germany. Jan. 15.
Louis Victor. Austrian archduke (1842), in
Salzburg. Austria. Aug. 23.
Luxembourg. Rosa, revolutionist, in Berlin,
Germany. Jan. 15.
Meyer. Kuno (1858). philologist, in Leipsic.
Germany. Oct. 15.
Navarre. Jean. French aviation "ace," near
Versailles. France. July 10.
Novelli. Ermeti (1851), actor and manager, in
Paris. France. Jan. 30.
Paget. Lady Arthur, in Paris. France, May 20.
Palma. Ricardo. author, in Lima. Peru, Oct. 6.
Paris. Countess of (1849). in Madrid, Spain.
April 24.
Patti. Adelina (1843). singer, at Craig-y-nos
castle. Penycae. Wales. Sept. 27.
' Poynter. Sir Edward John (1836), artist, in
London. England. July 26.
Rayleigh. Lord John W. S. (1842), scientist,
in London. England. June 30.
Roche. Baroness de la, aviator, at Crotoy.
Fiance. July 18.
Rock. Charles (1866). actor, in London. Eng-
land. July 12.
Rossetti. William M. (1829). author, in Lon-
don. England, Feb. 5.
Rothschild. Baron Lamber. banker, in Paris,
France. Jan. 30.
Schreiner. William P. (1857), former premier
of Cape Colony, in London. England. June 28.
Shaw. J. Byam (1872). illustrator, in London.
England. Jan. 26.
Steele. Samuel B. (1849). soldier, in Putney.
England, Jan. 30.
Stefanik. Milan. Czeoho-Slovak minister of
war, in Hungary, May 4.
Stengel. Baron H. G. L. von (1837), financier,
in Berlin. Germany. May 6.
Storey. George A. (1834). artist, in London.
England. July 29.
474
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Sylva. Eloi (1846). singer, in Berlin, Ger-
ThereS. Maria8"(.1849). former queen of Ba-
varia, in Munich. Germany, Feb. 3.
Vedrines. Jules, aviator, near St. Rambert-
d'Alon. France, April 21.
Vickers. Albert (1838). manufacturer, in East-
bourne, England. July 12.
Waterlow. Ernest A. (1850). painter, at
Hampstead. England. Oct. 25.
Wyndham. Sir Charles (1837), actor, in Lon-
don. England. Jan. 12.
Yi Heui (1851). former emperor of Korea, in
Seoul. Jan. 21.
Zapata, Emileano, rebel leader, at Cuautla.
Mexico. April 9.
NOTABLE GIFTS AND
Carnegie. Andrew. New York. N. Y.. by will to
Cooper Union. New York. $600.000: Univer-
sity of Pittsburgh. $200.000: Hampton insti-
tute. $300.000: Stevens institute. $100.000:
St. Andrew's Society of New York $100.000:
relief fund of Authors' club. New York,
$100 000: residue of estate of between $25,-
000.000 and $30,000.000 to Carnegie cor-
poration of New York.
Cassel. Sir Ernest, London, England, tor edu-
cational purposes. $2.000.000.
Colgate. Richard M.. West Orange, N. J.. by
will to Yale and Colgate universities, $200.-
000.
Couzens. James. Detroit, to home for nurses
of Harper hospital. Detroit. $300,000.
Donovan. Mrs. Anna. Iroquois county. Illinois,
by will to religious and educational . institu-
tions. $200,000.
Drumm, Andrew. Kansas City. Mo., by will to
Andrew institute for waifs. $1.800.000.
Du Pont, Pierre S., Wilmington, Del., to pub-
lic schools of Delaware, $2,000,000.
Eastman. George. Rochester. N. Y., to Univer-
sity of Rochester for school of music,
$3.500,000.
Eckhapt. Bernard A.. Chicago, to Visiting-
Nurses' Association and Lewis institute of
Chicago, $25.000.
Finley. J. B.. Pittsburgh, by will to religious
and educational charities, $2.000.000.
Harris. Mrs. Emma Gale. Chicago, by will to
benevolent and public objects. $100.000.
Harrison. Thomas S.. Philadelphia, Pa., by
will, to city of Philadelphia for good gov-
ernment, $1,000,000.
Jackson. John L.. Fort Worth. Tex., by will
to Spiritualists of the United States.
$500.000.
Hearst. Mrs. Phoebe A.. San Francisco, by will
to the University of California. $60.000.
Huntington. Henry E.. Los Angeles and New
BEQUESTS IN 1919.
York, to people of Los Angeles, books and
art objects valued at $2.500.000.
Juillard. Augustus J.. New York, N. Y.. ty
will for establishing the Juillard Musical
foundation, $5.000.000.
Keep. Mr. and Mrs. Chauncey. Chicago, to
infirmary for Yale university. $54.000.
Lehmann, Mrs. Augusta, Chicago, by will
for hospital for crippled soldiers, $100,000-
for other institutions. $100.000.
McCormick. Mrs. Cyrus, Chicago, to Olivet in-
stitute. $100.000.
Nolan. J. G., Rushville. 111., by will to the
Northwestern university. $200,000.
Noyes. La Verne W.. Chicago, by will to Uni-
versity of Chicago for education of students
who served in the war and of their children
$1.000.000.
Rockefeller foundation for research in physics
and chemistry. $500.000.
Rockefeller. John D.. New York, for aged
Baptist ministers, $250,000; to the northern
Baptist convention. $2.000.000: to Chau-
tauqua institution (conditional). $100.000:
to the northern Baptist convention, $2,000,-
000: to medical education. $20.000.000; to
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
$10.000.000.
Rosenwald. Julius. Chicago, to negro Y.M.C.A..
Columbus. O., $25.000.
Searles. Edward. Massachusetts, to University
of California. $1.500.000.
Stambaugh. John, Youngstown. O., to Cornell
university. $100.000.
Swift. Mrs. G. F.. Chicago, to Methodist cen-
tenary fund. $100.000.
Tiffany. Louis C.. New York, for Loins Com-
fort Tiffany foundation, $1,000.000 and
estate at Cold Spring- Harbor. L. I.
To Johns Hopkins university by anonymous
giver. $400.000.
To Northwestern university by unnamed
givers. $550.000.
WHEAT HARVEST CALENDAR.
January — Australia, New Zealand, Chile. Ar-
gentine Republic.
February and March — Upper Egypt, India.
April — Lower Egypt, India. Syria, Cyprus,
Persia, Asia Minor, Mexico, Cuba.
May — Texas, Algeria, Central Asia, China,
Japan. Morocco.
June — California, Oregon. Mississippi, Ala-
bama, Georgia, North Carolina. South Caro-
lina. Tennessee, Virginia. Kentucky, Kansas,
Arkansas. Utah. Colorado. Missouri, Turkey,
Gr-^ece, Italy, Snain. Portugal, south of France.
July — New England, New York, Pennsyl-
vania, Ohio. Indiana. Michigan, Illinois, Iowa,
Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, Nebraska, up-
per Canada. Roumania. Bulgaria, Austria,
Hungary, south of Russia, Germany, Switzer-
land, south of England.
August — Central and northern Minnesota.
Dakotas, Manitoba, lower Canada. British Co-
lumbia, Belgium. Holland. Great Britain. Den-
mark. Poland, central Russia.
September and October — Scotland, Sweden.
Norway, north of Russia.
November — Peru. South Africa.
December — Burma, New South Wales.
LLOYD'S.
Lloyd's is an association of underwriters in
London. England. Its name is derived from
a coffee house kept by Edward Lloyd in
Tower street in the l?th century, where
underwriters met to transact business. They
remained there until 1774, when they re-
moved to the Poval Exchange, where they
have since remained. Lloyd's was incorpo-
rated in 1871 by an art of parliament, the act
being amende in 1911. It do«s not under -
iike insurance business as a corporation This
ia conducted by its members on their own
account but in accordance with the rules of
the society. Lloyd's is also an organization
for the collection and distribution of mari-
time intelligence which is published in
Lloyd's List. This paper, originally es-
t-> Wished in 1696 as Lloyd's News, is the
oldest newspaper in Europe with the exception
of the London GazeWe. Various works are
published by the corporation for the benefit
of the mercantile community.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
475
ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.
Commander-in-Chief-President Woodrow Wil- Arthur W.
GENERAL OFFICERS.
Generals.
John J. Persians. I Peyton C. March.
Lieutenant-Generals.
Hunter Liggett. 1 Robert L. Bullard.
Major-Generals.
jh. Morrisn. Henry G. Sharpe.
Brigadier-Generals.
Clarence R. Edwards.
Charles J. Bailey.
George Bell. Jr.
Harry F. Hodges.
John W. Ruckman.
Francis H. French.
Charles G. Treat.
Joseph E. Kuhn.
Francis J. K-rnan.
Edwin F. Glenn.
John Biddl".
Henry C. Hodges. Jr.
Josenh T. Dickman.
Adelbert Cronkhite.
F^nry T. Allen.
William H. Sage
Chase W. Kennedy.
Omar Bundy.
Harry C. Hale.
Richard M. Blatchford.
Samuel D. Sturgis.
David C. Shanks.
William M. Wright.
Edwin B. Babbitt.
John D. Barrette.
William S. Scott.
George W. Read.
Charles H. Muir
Charles T. Menoher.
James W. McAndrew.
William G. Haan.
John L. Hines.
James G. Harbord.
Charles P. Summerall.
GENERAL STAFF CORPS.
General, Chief of Staff.
Peyton C. March.
Major-Generals.
Frank Mclntyre. assistant to chief.
W Coe chief of coast artillery.
McJ. Carter, chief of militia bureau.
Colonels.
P D. Lochridge. 1 Edward D. Anderson.
Francis E. Lacy. Jr. I
L ieu tenant-Colonels.
Ralph H. Van Deman. I Robert E. Wyllie.
John McA. Palmer. 1 Frank J. Morrow.
Majors.
Charles H. Hilton.
Harry H. Tebbetts.
Monroe C. Kerth.
Percy P. Bishop.
Samuel G. Shartle.
William S. Browning.
Daniel I. Sultan.
Jacob M. Coward.
Fred E. Buchan.
H. B. Myers.
Henry C. Merriam.
Douglas McCaskpy.
Daniel Van Voorhis.
Joseph R. McAndrews.
Harry N. Cootes.
George T. Bowman.
Robert I. Rees.
Robert Whitfield.
Constant Cordier.
Kenneth C. Masteller.
Edwin S. Hartshorn.
William R. Standiford.
Frederick S. Young.
Walter S. Grant.
Walter H. Johnson.
Frank T. Hines.
Walter K. Wilson.
William B. Graham.
Clifford Jones.
Frederic G. Kellond.
Alexander B. Coxe.
Chauncey L. Fenton.
Fulton Q. C. Gardner.
A. Owen Seaman.
George P. Tyner.
VT»"UIBC r . X .V IIT^I ,
William W. Tavlor. Jr.
Roscoe H. Hearn.
Oliver P. Robinson.
Captains.
Benjamin H. WiTliams
Francis W. Honeycutt
William B. Wallace.
George C. Marshall, Jr
Sherman Miles.
Fred T. Cruse.
Charles H. Mason.
Klvid Hunt.
Philip H. Baghy.
•w D. Chaffin.
Charles W. TrtfOTXl.
Merrill F. Snalding.
Thomas W. Hammond.
Homer M. GT»ninger.
Franz A. Doniat.
David McCoach. Jr.
DEPARTMENT AND BUREAU HEADS.
Adjutant-General— Maj.-Gen. Peter C. Harris.
Inspector General— Maj.-Gen. John L. Chamber-
lain.
Judge Advocate — Maj.-Gen. E. H. Crowder.
Quartermaster Corps, Quartermaster General—
Maj.-Gen. Harry L. Rogers.
Military Storekeeper— Capt. Charles P. Daly.
Medical Department. Surgeon General — Maj.-
Gen. M. W. Ireland.
Corps of Engineers. Chief of Engineers — Maj.-
Gen. W. M. Black.
Ordnance Department. Chief of Ordnance—
Maj.-Gen. Clarence C. Williams.
Sigaal Corps. Chief Signal Officer— Maj.-Gen.
George O. Squier.
3ureau of Insular Affairs. Chief— Maj.-Gen.
Frank Mclntyre.
Militia Bureau. Chief-Ma j. -Gen. Jesse I. Mc-
Carter.
DEPARTMENTS (GEOGRAPHICAL).
The Northeastern Department — Includes the
North Atlantic coast artillery district and the
states of Maine. New Hampshire. Vermont,
Massachusetts. Connecticut and Rhode Is-
land: headquarters. Boston. Mass. Command-
er, Maj.-Gen. Clarence R. Edwards.
The Eastern Department— Includes the middle
Atlantic coast artillery district and the states
of New York. Pennsylvania. New Jersey.
Delaware. Maryland. Virginia, District of Co-
lumbia and Porto Rico, and the islands and
keys 'adjacent thereto: headquarters. Gover-
nors Island. N. Y. Commander, Maj.-Gen.
Thomas H. Barry.
The Southeastern Department — Includes the
south Atlantic coast artillery district and the
states of North Carolina. South Carolina.
Georgia. Florida. Tennessee. Alabama. Mis-
sissippi. Louisiana and Arkansas: also the
coast defenses of Galveston: headquarters,
Charleston. S. C. Commander, Lieut.-Gen.
Robert L. Bullard.
The Central Department — Includes the states
of West Virginia. Ohio, Michigan. Indiana.
Kentucky. Wisconsin, Illinois. Minnesota.
Iowa. Missouri, North Dakota. South Dakota,
Nebraska. Kansas and Colorado: headquar-
ters. Chicago. 111. Commander, Maj.-Gen.
Leonard Wood.
The Southern Department— Includes the states
of Texas (excepting coast defenses of Gal-
veston). Oklahoma. New Mexico and Arizona:
headquarters. Fort Sam Houston, Tex. Com-
mander, Maj.-Gen. Joseph T. Dickman.
The Western Department— Includes the north
Pacific coast artillery district, the south Pa-
cific coast artillery district and the states of
Montana. Wyoming. Idaho, Utah. Nevada,
Washington. Oregon. California and the ter-
ritory of Alaska: headquarters. San Fran-
cisco. Cal. Commander. Lieut.-Gen. Hunter
Liggett.
The Hawaiian"Department— Includes the Ha-
waiian islands and their dependencies: head-
quarters. Honolulu. Hawaii. Cemmander.
Maj.-Gen. Charles G. Morton.
The Philippine Department— Includes all of the
Philippine archipelago and troops in China:
headquarters. Manila. P. I. Commander.
Brig.-Gen. Francis H. French.
The Panama Canal Department— Includes the
entire canal zone: headquarters. Ancon. Canal
Zone. Commander. Maj.-Gen. Chase W. Ken-
nedy.
47«
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
AUTHORIZED COMMISSIONED STRENGTH OF THE REGULAR ARMY.
Arm or corp».
c a> oo
" gg
2 |g ife
5 ^5 £ o c
J5 p /T> .X S
I 3" %«
226
Brigadier-
£ generals.
Colonels.
Lieutenant
colonels.
Majors.
Captains.
First lieu-
tenants.
Second lieu
tenants.
1
44
General staff*
10
12
3°
34
88
Adj. -Gen. 's dept
. . . 1
7
13
30
* " * *
....
51
*
4
3
16
29
Judge- Advocate dept...
1
4
7
20
32
Quartermaster's dept..
Medical corps
1
1
2
2
21
49
24
84
68
368
181
tl 050
65
302
1 554
7
13
55
+ 158
233
Veterinary corps
17
22
71
118
Engineers corps
. . . 1
23
30
72
152
148
79
505
• • •
10
15
32
4°
42
14°
Signal corps
1
3
g
10
30
75
* * * *
1°7
• • •
1
1
8
24
114
• * •
148
Insular bureau
'.'.'. '.'.'. "i
1
1
3
Militia bureau
i
• • .
....
1
'"3
•vJ
10
27
9
2
53
15
23
156
194
4
3
• ...
7
Cavalry
25
25
75
375
400
400
1 300
Field artillery....
21
21
47
236
294
257
876
Coast artillery
24
24
72
360
360
360
1 °01
Infantry
64
64
192
960
1 024
960
3 264
Porto Rico regiment..
1
3
15
16
15
50
Additional officers
i
1
29
2
12
14
59
Detached officers
30
30
86
435
441
....
1,022
Total
2 2 18
39
.'MO
387
1 °3°
2 9°5
4 309
2 °09
11 -*03
Philippine scouts
86
103
103
292
Aggregate .
2 2 18
3ft
340
387
1.232
3.011
4.412
2.312
11 75ft
•Strength authorized by act of May 12. 1917. tCaptains and first lieutenants.
ENLISTED STRENGTH OF ARMY.
The number of enlisted men to serve in the
permanent regular army had not been deter-
mined up to the time this record was prepared
(Nov. 1. 1919). The number provided for by
the appropriation bills was only 225.000 men,
but congress had under consideration measures
contemplating a force of about 500.000 men.
MILITARY POSTS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Oct. 1. 1919.
Aberdeen Proving Ground— Thirty-five miles
northeast of Baltimore. Md.
Adams, Fort— Near Newport. R. I.
Alcatraz Island — Ner./ San Francisco. Cal.
Allen. Fort Ethan— Near Essex Junction. Vt.
Andrew. Fort-^n an island nine miles from
Boston. Mass.
Apache, Fort — Ninety miles south of Holbrook-.
Ariz.
Arcadia— Arcadia. Cal.
Armistead. Fort— Eight miles southeast of Bal-
timore, Md.
Army Reserve Depot — Seven miles east of Co-
lumbus. O.
Army Reserve Depot— New Cumberland. Pa.
Army Reserve Depot — Seven miles south of
Schenectady, N. Y.
Aviation General Supply Depot— Middletown.
Pa.
Baker. Fort — Six miles northwest of San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Baldwin. Fort— Sixteen miles from Bath, Me.
Banks, Fort — Two miles north of Boston. Mass.
Barrancas, Fort — Seven miles from Pensacola,
Fla.
Barren Field— Everman. Tex.
Barry. Fort — Seven miles from Sausalito, Cal.
Bayard. Fort— One mile north of Central, -N. M.
Beauregard, Camp — Five miles northeast of
Alexandria. La.
Benning, Camp — Near Columbus. O.
Boise Barracks— Near Boise. Idaho.
Boiling Field— Washington. D. C.
Bowie. Camp— Two miles west of Fort Worth.
Tex.
Boyd. Camp— Fort Bliss. Tex.
Brady, Fort— Near Sault Ste. Marie. Mich.
Bragg. Camp — Ten miles northwest of Fayette-
ville, N. C.
Brooks Field— Seven miles southeast of San
Antonio. Tex.
Brown. Fort — Brownsville. Tex.
Call Field— Six miles southwest of Wichita.
Falls. Tex.
Canby, Fort— Mouth of Columbia river. Wash.
Carlstrom Field — Seven miles southeast of Ar-
cadia, Fla.
Carroll. Fort— Eight miles southeast of Balti-
more. Md.
Carruthers Field — Eleven miles west of Fort
Worth. Tex.
Casey. Fort— Five miles from Port Townsend.
Wash.
Caswcll. Fort — Two miles from Southport. N. C.
Chanute Field— One mile southeast of Rantoul,
111.
Charleston. S. C.— Headquarters Southeastern
department, etc.
Clark, Fort— Ten miles west of Spofford. Tex.
Cody. Camp — Deming-, N. M.
Columbia, Fort — Mouth of
Wash.
Columbia river.
Columbus Barracks — Columbus, O.
Constitution. Fort— Three miles north of Ports-
mouth, N. H.
Crockett. Fort — Two miles southeast of Gal-
veston. Tex
Crook, Fort— Near Omaha. Neb.
Custer. Camp— Four miles west of Battle
Creek. Mich.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
477
Dade. Fort — Thirty-five miles southwest of
Tampa. Fla.
Davis, Fort — Mouth of Nome river, Alaska.
Delaware. Fort— One mile east of Du Pont, Del.
Des Moines. Fort— Five miles south of Des
Moines. Iowa.
De Soto. Fort — Near Tampa, Fla.
Devens. Camp— One mile south of Ayer, Mass.
Dix. Camp— Near Wrightstown, N. J.
Dodge, Camp — Eleven and a half miles north
of Des Moines. Iowa.
Dorr Field — About twelve miles east of Ar-
cadia, Fla.
Douglas, Ariz.— On Mexican border.
Douglas, Fort— Four miles southeast of Salt
Lake City, Utah.
Du Pont. Fort— Near Delaware City, Del.
Eagle Pass, Tex. — On Mexican border.
East Potomac Park— Washington, D. C.
Eberts Field— Twenty-two miles east of Little
Rock, Ark.
Edgewood Arsenal — Edgewood, Md.
Ellington Field— Sevei-teen miles southeast Of
Houston, Tex.
El Paso, Tex. — Near Mexican border.
Eustis, Abraham, Camp — Eighteen miles north-
west of Newport News, Va.
Flagler. Fort— Five miles northwest of Port
Washington. Wash.
Forrest. Camp — Ten miles south of Chatta-
nooga, Tenn.
Fremont, Camp — One mile west of Palo Alto,
Cal.
Fremont. Fort— On St. Helena island, four miles
from Port Royal. S. C.
Front Royal— At Front Royal. Va.
Funston, Camp — Between Manhattan and Junc-
tion City, Kas.
Funston. Fort — San Francisco, Cal.
Furlong, Camp — Seventy-three miles west of
El Paso, Tex.
Gaines, Fort— Thirty miles south of Mobile,
Ala.
General Hospitals: Army and Navy— Hot
Springs. Ark.
U. S. A.— Fort Bayard, N. M.: Hoboken. Pa.:
White Plains, N. Y.
Letterman — Presidio, San Francisco.
Walter Reed— Takoma Park. Washington,
D. C.
No. 1— Williamsbridge, N. Y.
No. 2— Fort McHenry. Md.
.No. 3— Rahway, N. J.
No. 4— Font Porter. N. Y.
No. 5— Fort Ontario, N. Y.
No. 6— Fort McPherson, Ga.
No. 7 — Baltimore, Md.
No. 8— Otisville, N. Y.
No. 10— Boston, Mass.
No. 12— Biltmore, N. C.
No. 13— Dansville, 'N. Y.
No. 16— New Haven, Conn.
No. 19— Oteen, N. C.
No. 20— Near Prescott, Ariz.
No. 21— Denver, Col.
No. 25— Fort Benjamin Harrison, Aid.
No. 26 — Fort Des Moines, la.
No. 27— Fort Douglas, Ariz.
No. 28— Fort Sheridan, 111.
»No. 29— Fort Snelling, Minn.
No. 30— Plattsburg, N. Y.
No. 31— Carlisle. Pa.
No. 34— East Norfolk. Mass.
No. 36— Detroit, Mich.
No. 38— East View, N. Y.
No. 41— Staten Island, N. Y.
No. 42— Near Spartanburg, S. C.
No. 43— Hampton, Va,
Gerstner Field— Seventeen miles southeast of
Lake Charles, La.
Getty. Fort— Near Newport. R. I.
Gibbon. Fort— Near Tanana, Alaska.
Gordon. Camp — Thirteen miles northeast of
Atlanta, Ga.
Grant, Camp— About four miles south of Rock-
ford. 111.
Greble, Fort— Five miles from Newport. R. I.
Greene, Camp— Two and a half miles west of
Charlotte. N. C.
Greenleaf. Camp— Ten miles southeast of Chat-
tanooga, Tenn.
Hachita. N. M.— Twenty-five miles west of
Hermanas. N. M.
Hamilton, Fort — Brooklyn, N. Y.
Hancock, Camp — Wheless, Ga.
Hancock, Fort— Four miles from Highland
Beach. N. J.
Harrison, Benjamin, Fort— Ten miles northeast
of Indianapolis, Ind.
Harrison, William Henry. Fort— Six miles west
of Helena, Mont.
Hawaiian Department — All posts on island of
Oahu.
Hawaii Arsenal.
Honolulu. Headquarters.
De RuBsy, Fort.
Ford's Island.
Kamehameha, Fort.
Ruger, Fort.
Schofield Barracks.
Shafter, Fort.
Hazelhurst Field— Mineola, L. I.
Heath. Fort— Near Highlands. Mass.
Holabird, Camp — About five miles southeast of
Baltimore, Md.
Houston. Sam. Fort — Near San Antonio. Tex.
Howard. Fort— Seventeen miles southeast of
Baltimore, Md.
Huachuca. Fort — Arizona, near southern border.
Humphreys, A. A., Camp— Fifteen miles south-
west of Washington, D. C.
Hunt, Fort— Eleven and a half miles south of
Washington, D. C.
Jacinto. Fort— Galveston, Tex.
Jackson, Camp — Six miles east of Columbia.
S. C.
Jackson Barracks— Six miles southeast of New
Orleans, La.
Jackson. Fort— (Subpost of Jackson Barracks).
Jay. Fort— Governors Island. N. Y.
Jefferson Barracks — Thirteen miles south of
St. Louis, Mo.
Jesup, Camp — Three and a half miles south of
Atlanta, Ga.
Johnston, Joseph E., Camp— Twelve miles from
Jacksonville, Fla.
Kearny, Camp— Fifteen miles north of San
Kearny.' Philip, Fort— Thirty miles south of
Providence, R. I.
Kelly Field— Five miles south of San Antonio,
Tex
Keough, Fort— Two miles south of Miles City,
Mont.
Key West Barracks— Key West, Fla.
Knox, Henry, Camp— Thirty-one miles south*
west of Louisville, Ky.
Langley Field — Hampton, Va.
Lawton, Fort— Six miles south of Seattle.
Wash.
Leavenworth, Fort— Leavenworth, Kas.
Lee. Camp — Three miles east of Petersburg,
Va.
Lee Hall— Lee Hall. Va.
Lewis, Camp — American Lake, Wash.
Levett, Fort— Portland. Me.
Lincoln. Fort — Four miles southeast of Bis-
marck, N. D.
Liscum. Fort— Alaska.
Logan, Camp — Five miles west of Houston,
Tex.
Logan, Fort— Near Denver. Col.
Love Field— Five miles north of Dallas. Tex.
Lyon. Fort— Four miles from Portland, Me.
MacArthur, Camp — Waco, Tex.
MacArthur, Fort— Near San Pedro, Cal.
McClellan. Camp— Five miles north of Annis-
ton. Ala.
478
ALMANAC AND V EAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
McDowell. Fort— Seven miles from San Fran-
cisco. Cal.
McHenry. Fort — Near Baltimore. Md.
Mclntosh. Fort— Near Laredo. Tex.
Mackenzie. Fort— Three miles from Sheridan.
Wyo.
McKinley. Fort— Five miles from Portland. Me.
McPherson, Fort— Three miles southeast of
Atlanta. Ga.
McRee, Fort — Ten miles from Pensacola. Fla.
Madison Barracks— Sackett Harbor, N. Y.
Mansfield. Fort— Seven miles from Westerly.
R. I.
March Field— Ten miles southeast of Riverside.
Cal.
Marfa. Camp— Marfa. Tex.
Mason, Forl--San Francisco. Cal.
Mather Field— Thirteen miles east of Sacra-
mento. Cal.
Meade. Camp — Admiral. Md.
Meade. Fort— Near Sturgis, S. D.
Meigs. Camp— Washington, D. C.
Merritt. Camp — Fifteen miles northwest of
Jersey City, N. J.
Michie. Fort— Eleven miles from New London,
Conn.
Middletown— Middletown. Pa.
Miley. Fort— San Francisco. Cal.
Mills. A. L.. Camp— Near Garden City. L. I.
Missoula— Four miles from Missoula. Mont.
Mitchell Field— Near Garden City. L. I.
Monroe, Fort — Point Comfort, Va.
Morgan. Fort— In Mobile bay. Ala.
Morrison. Camp— Morrison. Va.
Mott. Fort— Six miles from Salem. N. J.
Moultrie, Fort — Six miles from Charleston,
S. C,
Myer, Fort— Four miles west of Washington.
D. C.
New York Arsenal— On Governors island, N.Y.
Niagara, Fort — On Lake Ontario, mouth of Ni-
agara river.
Nogales — Southern Arizona.
Normoyle. Camp — San Antonio, Tex.
Oglethorpe. Fort— Eight miles south of Chatta-
nooga. Tenn.
Omaha. Fort— Five miles from Omaha, Neb.
Ontario. Fort— Oswego. N. Y.
Panama Canal Zone — Amador. Fort.
Ancon.
Balboa.
Chagres.
Corozal.
Cristobal.
De Lesseps, Fort.
Empire.
France Field.
Gaillard, Camp.
Gatun.
Grant, Fort.
Pedro Miguel.
§uarry Heights,
andolph. Fort.
Sherman. Fort.
Park Field— Millington, Tenn.
Payne Field — Four and a half miles north of
West Point, Miss.
Philadelphia General Supply Depot— 2620 Gray's
Ferry road, Philadelphia, Pa.
Philippine Department— Manila. P. I.
Cuartel de Espana.
Santiago, Fort.
Drum, Fort.
Eldridge. Camp.
Frank. Fort.
Hay. John. Camp.
Hughes, Fort.
Mills, Fort.
McGrath, Camp.
McKinley, William. Fort.
Nicholls, Camp.
Petit Barracks.
Stotsenberg, Camp.
Tientsin. China.
Wint. Fort.
Picatinny Arsenal — Five miles from Dover. Del.
Pickens. Fort — Fort Barrancas, Fla.
Pig point General Supply Ordnance Department
— Near Newport News. Va.
Pike. Camp — Eight miles northwest of Little
Rock. Ark.
Plattsburg Barracks— Platt sburg. N. Y.
Polk. Camp— Raleigh. N. C.
Porter, Fort— Three miles from Buffalo, N. Y.
Porto Rico — San Juan.
Las Casas, Camp.
San Juan. Fort.
Post Field— Fort Sill. Okla.
Prebel. Fort— Three miles from Portland. Me.
Presidio of Monterey — Monterey. Cal.
Presidio of San Francisco— San Francisco. Cal.
Raritan Arsenal— Near New Brunswick, N. J.
Reno. Fort — Fort Reno. Okla.
Revere. Fort— Nine miles from Boston.
Rich Field— Waco. Tex.
Riley. Fort— Near Junction City. Kas.
Ringgold, Fort — Near Mission. Tex.
Robinson. Camp— Five miles from Sparta, Wis.
Robinson. Fort — Fort Robinson. Neb.
Rock Island Arsenal— Near Rock Island, 111.
Rockwell Field— Near San Diego. Cal.
Rodman. Fort— Four miles from New Bedford,
Mass.
Roots. Logan H.— Four miles east of Little
Rock. Ark.
Rosecrans, Fort— Six miles from San Diego.
Cal.
Russell. D. A. Fort— Near Cheyenne. Wyo.
St. Michael. Fort— Alaska.
St. Philip. Fort— Fort St. Philip, La.
San Antonio Arsenal — San Antonio. Tex.
Sandy Hook Proving Ground— Sandy Hook.
N. J.
San Jacinto. Fort— ^alveston. Tex.
Saulsbury, Fort — Six and a half miles east of
Milford, Del.
Schuyler. Fort— Three miles from Winchester.
Scott Field— Belleville. 111.
Scott. Winfield. Fort— San Francisco bay. Cali-
fornia.
Screven. Fort — Six miles east of Savannah. Ga.
Selfridge Field— Mount Clemens. Mich.
Sevier, Camp — About six and a half miles from
Greenville. S. C.
Seward. William H.— Alaska.
Shelby. Camp— Ten and a half miles south of
Hattiesburg. Miss.
Sheridan. Camp — Near Montgomery, Ala.
Sheridan. Fort— Fort Sheridan. 111.
I Sherman, Camp — Three miles from Chillicothe.
Ohio.
Sill. Fort— Fort Sill. Okla.
Slocum. Fort— Near New Rochelle. N. Y.
Smallwood. Fort— Eleven miles southeast of
Baltimore. Md.
Snelling. Fort— Near St. Paul. Minn.
Souther Field — Four miles north of Americus.
Fla.
Springfield Armory— Near Springfield. Mass.
Standish, Fort — Seven miles from Boston.
Stanley, Camp — Near Leon Springs. Tex.
Stark. Fort— Three miles from Portsmouth.
N. H.
Stevens. Fort— At mouth of Columbia river.
Oregon.
Story. Fort— Cape Henry. Va.
Strong. Fort — In Boston harbor.
Sumter. Fort— Moultrieville. S. C.
Taliaferro Field— Fourteen miles north of Fort
Worth. Tex.
Taylor. Zachary. Camp— Five miles south of
Louisville, Ky.
Taylor Field — Eighteen miles southeast of
Montgomery, Ala.
Taylor, Fort— Key West. Fla.
Terry. Fort — In Long Island sound.
Thomas. Fort— Newport. Ky.
Tilden, Fort— Near Rockaway Park. L. I.
Totten. Fort— Two miles from Whitestone. N.Y.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Travis. Camp — Three miles from San An-
tonio, Tex.
Travis, Fort— Seven miles from Galveston, Tex.
Upton. Camp— Long- Island, N. Y.
Vail, Alfred, Camp — Four miles northwest of
Long1 Branch, N. J.
Valdez— Alaska.
Vancouver Barracks— Vancouver. Wash.
Wadsworth, Camp— Calvert, S. C.
Wadsworth, Fort— Staten Island. N. Y.
Ward, Fort— Nine miles west of Seattle, Wash.
Warren, Fort — Seven miles from Boston.
Washington Barracks— Washington, D. C.
Washington, Fort— Twelve miles south of
Washington. D. C.
Watertown Arsenal— Watertown, Mass.
Watervliet Arsenal— Watervliet, N. Y.
Wayne. Fort— Near Detroit. Mich
West Point— West Point. N. Y.
Wetherill. Fort— Near Newport. R. I.
Wheeler, Camp— Seven miles southeast of
Macon, Ga.
Whitman, Fort — LaConner, Wash.
Williams, Fort— Four miles from Portland, Me
Wingate, Fort— Gallup, N. M.
Wise. John. Camp— Near San Antonio, Tex.
Wood, Fort— New York harbor.
Wool. Fort — Fort Monroe, Va.
Worden, Fort— Puget Sound, Wash.
Wright, George, Fort— Four miles west of
Spokane. Wash.
Wright, H. G., Fort— Eight miles from New
London, Conn.
Wright, Wilbur, Field— Fairfield, O.
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.
[From chart prepared by military intelligence section, general staff.]
COMMANDER AND STAFF.
Commander-in-Chief-^Gen. _John_J. Pershing.
Chief of Staff— Maj. -Gens. J. G. Harbord and J.
Secretary of General Staff— Brig.-Gen. F. R. Mc-
Coy. Lieut.-Cols. J. L. Collins, T. W. Ham-
mond and A. S. Kuegle (temp.)
Deputy Chief of Staff— Brig.-Gen. LeRoy El-
G-l. Wholesaler— Col. James A. Logan. Jr..
Brig.-G«n. Avery D. Andrews. Col. C. S. Lin-
coln.
G-2. Information about Enemy — Brig.-Gen.
Dennis E. Nolan.
G-3. Operations — Cols. John McA. Palmer and
Kirby Walter (acting-). Brig-.-Gens. Fox Con-
ner and LeRoy Eltinge (acting). Col. Upton
Birnie (acting).
G-4. Distributor— Brig.-Gens. W. D. Connor and
G. V. H. Moseley, Col. H. H. White (acting).
G-5. Training— Brig-.-Gens. Paul B. Malone and
H. B. Fiske.
Arms Having Large Reserve Directly Under
G. H. Q.
Chief of Artillery— Maj. -Gen. Ernest Hinds.
Chief of Air Service— Brig-.-Gens. William
Mitchell. B. D. Foulois and W. L. Kenly.
Maj. -Gen. Mason M. Patrick.
Chief of Tank Corps— Brig.-Gen. S. D. Rocken-
bach.
Administration and Records.
Commanding General. Service of Supply— Brig.-
Gen. R. M. Blatchford. Maj.-Gens. F. J. Ker-
nan and J. G. Harbord.
Provost Marshal General. Military Police— Maj.-
Gen. H. E. Ely. Brig.-Gen. W. H. Allaire.
Lieut. -Col. John S. Groome. Brig.-Gen. H. H.
Bandholtz.
Judge Advocate— Brig.-Gen. W. A. Bethel.
Inspector General. Investigation— Maj .-Gen. A.
W. Brewster.
Adjutant General. Records. Personnel— Brig.-
Gens. Benjamin Alvord and R. C. Davis.
Service of Supply.
G-l. Service of Supply— Brig.-Gen. A. D. An-
drews, Col. James B. Cavanaugh.
G-4. Service of Supply — Cols. Henry C.
Smither, J. C. Rhea and D. E. McCarthy.
Chemical Warfare Service— Brig.-Gen. A. A.
Fries, Col. Edward N. Johnston.
Medical Department — Brig.-Gen. A. E. Bradley,
Maj. -Gen. M. W. Ireland, Brig.-Gen. W. C.
McCaw.
Corps of Engineers — Brig.-Gen. Harry A. Tay-
lor, Maj.-Gen. William C. Langfitt.
Ordnance Department— Mai. -Gen. C. C. Wil-
liams. Brig.-Gens. C. B. Wheeler and John H.
Rice.
Signal Corps — Brig.-Gen. Edgar Russell.
General Purchasing Agent— Brig-Gen. Charles G.
Dawes.
.
Remounts— Cols. Lawrence
Frank S. Armstrong.
J. Fleming and
. .
Quartermaster Department — Maj.-Gen. H. L.
Rogers Brig.-Gen. John M. Carson. Col. John
T. Knight.
Air Service (Supply)— Brig.-Gens. William
Mitchell. B. D. Foulois and W. L. Kenlv.
Maj.-Gen. Mason M. Patrick.
Department of Light Railways and Roads—
Brig -Gen. Charles H. McKinstry. Col. Edward
M. Markham (office transferred to Depart-
ment of Construction and Forestry — Gen. Jad-
Renting. Requisition and Claims— Cols. John A.
en
H
Requisi
ull and Blanton Winship.
Transportation Corps— Brig.-Gen. W. W. Atter-
bury.
Motor Transport Corps— Col. F. W. Pope. Brig.-
Gen. M. L. Walker.
ARMY. CORPS AND DIVISION
COMMANDERS.
Dates are 1918 where not otherwise noted
The generals whose names appear last under
each corps or division, where the date is fol-
lowed by an asterisk (•). were in command
when hostilities ceased Nov. 11. 1918.
Armies.
Gen. Hunter Liggett; Lieut"
Corps.
1st Corps— Maj.-Gen. Hunter Liggett. Jan. 20.
1918-Oct. 11. 1918: Maj.-Gen. Joseph T
Dickman. Oct. 12. 1918.*
2d Corps— Maj.-Gen. George W. Read. June 12 *
3d Corps— Maj.-Gen. William M. Wright. June
17-July 11; Maj.-Gen. Robert L. Bullard July
14-Oct. 11; Maj.-Gen. John L. Hines, Oct.
4th 'Corps— Maj.-Gen. John T. Dickman. Aug
18-Oct. 11; Maj.-Gen. Charles H. Muir, Oct.
5th~ Corps— Maj.-Gen. William M. Wright. July
10-Aug. 18; Maj.-Gen. George H. Cameron.
Aug. 21-Oct. 11; Maj.-Gen. Ch
merall, Oct. 18.
arles P. Sum-
.
6th Corps— Maj.-Gen. Omar Bun
ept. 12: Maj.-Gen. Charles C
3-Nov. 9: Maj.-Gen. Charles
. 27-
Oct.
Menoher.
I. Wright. Aug.
undy. Sept. 13-
undy. Aug
C. Ballou.
es T. Me
Nov. 10-11.
7th Corps— Maj.-Gen. William
22-Sept. 4; Mai-Gen. Omar
Oct. 24.
Divisions.
1st Division— Maj.-Gen. William L. Sibert.
25-Dec. 12. 1917: Maj.-Gen. Robert L.
lard. Dec. 13. 1917-June 30. 1918: Maj.
Charles P. Summerall, July 1-July 6' "
Gen. Robert L. Bullard. July 7-July 17;
2d Division— Maj. -Geu Omar Bundy. Oct. 25.
1917-June 30. 1918: Mai.-Gen. James Har-
bord, July 1-July 5; Maj.-Gen. Omar Bundy.
180
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
July 6- July 19; Maj.-Gen. James Harbord.
July 20-Aug. 2; Brig. -Gen. John A. Le Jeune,
Aug. 3, 1918.* (Promoted to major-general
Aug. 31. 1918.)
3d Division— Maj.-Gen. Joseph T. Dickman,
March 30. 1917-Aug. 23. 1918; Brig.-Gen.
Fred W. Sladen, Aug. 24-Aug. 30. 1918 (di-
vision, in reserve) ; Maj.-Gen. Beaumont Buck.
Aug. 31-Oct. 17. 1918; Briff.-Gen. P. Brown,
Oct. 18.*
4th Division— Maj.-Gen. George H. Cameron.
May 25-Aug. 23, 1918; Brig.-Gen. Benjamin
A. Poore. Aug. 24-Aug. 30, (Division in
reserve.) Maj.-Gen. John L. Hines, Aug. 31-
Oct. 11; Maj.-Gen. George H. Cameron. Oct..
12-Oct. 24; Brig.-Gen. Benjamin A. Poore,
Oct. 23-Oct. 30 (division in reserve) ; Maj.-
Gen. Mark L. Mersey. Oct. 31.* (Division in
reserve.)
5th Division— Maj.-Gen. John E. McMahon,
April 9-Oct. 17. 1918; Maj.-Gen. Hanson E.
Ely. Oct. 18.*
6th Division— Brig.-Gen. James B. Erwin, July
18-July 31. 1918 (division not in line) ;
Maj.-Gen. Walter H. Gordon, Aug. 1.*
7th Division— Brig.-Gen. Charles H. Earth, Aug
17-Oct. 24, 191 S; Brig.-Gen. Lutz Wahl. Oct.
25-Oct. 26; Maj.-Gen. Edmund Wittenmeyer,
26th "Division— Maj.-Gen. Clarence B. Edwards,
Dec. 8. 1917-Oct. 24. 1918; Brig.-Gen. Frank
E. Bamford, Oct. 25.*
27th Division— Mai. -Gen. John F. O'Byan. May
28th Division— Maj.-Gen. Charles H. Muir, May
18-Oct. 25; Maj.-Gen. William H. Hay. Oct.
26.*
29th Division— Maj.-Gen. Charles G. Morton,
30th Division— Maj.-Gen. George W. Bead. May
24-June 28. 1918 (division not in line) ;
Maj.-Gen. Edward M. Lewis. June 25-July 5.
1918 (division not in line) : Brig.-Gen. Sam-
son L. Falcon, July 6-20; Maj.-Gen. Edward
M. Lewis. July
32d Division— Maj.-Gen. William G. Haan, Feb
1(3.*
33d Division— Maj.-Gen. George Bell. Jr.. May
25 1918 *
35th Division— Maj.-Gen. William M. Wright.
May 4. 191b-June 21. 1918 (division not in
line) ; Biig.-Oten. Nathaniel F. McCiure. June
22-28 (division not in line) ; Maj.-Gen. Peter
E. Traub. June 29-July 5; Brig.-Gen. Na-
thaniel F. McCiure, July 6-July 19; Maj.-Gen.
Peter E. Trauu. July 20.*
36th Division— Maj. -Gen. William B,. Smith,
Aug. 3. 1918.*
37th Division— Maj.-Gen. Charles S. Farns-
worth. July 6. 1918.
42d Division— Maj.-Gen. Charles T. Menoher.
Nov. 1. 1917-Noy. 4, 1918.
77th Division — Brig.-Gen. Evan M. Johnson,
April 19-May 25. 1918 (division not in
line); Maj.-Gen. George B. Duncan, May 26-
Aug. 23, 1918; Brig.-Gen. Evan M. Johnson,
Aug. 24-Sept. 6; Maj.-Gen. Bobert Alexander.
Sept. 7.*
78th Division— Maj.-Gen. James H. McBae. Mas
25. 1918.*
79th Division— Maj.-Gen. J. E. Kuhn. July 28.*
80th Division— Maj.-Gen. Adelbert Cronkhite,
June 22, 1918.*
81st Division— Maj.-Gen. Charles J. Bailey.
Sept. 7. 1918.*
82d Division— Maj.-Gen. William P. Burnham.
May 17-Oct. 14, 1918; Maj.-Gen. George B.
Duncan Oct. 15.*
88th Division— Brig.-Gen. William D. Beach.
Aug. 16-Nov. 4. 1918; Maj.-Gen. William
Weigel, Nov. 5.* (Division not in line.)
89th Division— Maj.-Gen. Frank L. Winn. July
13-Sept. 30: Maj.-Gen. William M. Wright.
Oct 1 *
90th Division— Maj.-Gen. Henry T. Allen. July
6, 1918.*
91st Division— Maj.-Gen. William H. Johnston.
Aug. 31.*
92d Division— Maj.-Gen. Charles G. Ballou.
July 6.*
ARMY ORGANIZATION.
When the United States entered the Euro-
pean war the army was entirely reorganized
to conform to modern conditions of warfare.
The number of men in each infantry regi-
ment was increased, for example, to 3,500 men
or more and that of an infantry division to
more than 27,000 men. The new organiza-
tion has been retained both in respect to the
regular army and the national guard. Details
of this organization follow:
Strength of Infantry Regiment.
At maximum strength an infantry regiment
comprises 103 officers and 3,652 men. It is
made up as follows, the figures including of-
ficers and men :
1 headcrJarters and headquarters company 303
3 battalions of 4 rifle companies each 3,078
1 supply company 140
1 machine gun company 178
1 medical detachment 56
3,755
Each rifle company has a strength of 250
men and 6 officers. It is composed of a com-
pany headquarters (2 officers and 18 men)
and four platoons. Each platoon includes:
1 headquarters 2
1 section bombers and rifle grenadiers 22
2 sections riflemen, 12 each 24
1 section auto riflemen (4 guns) 11
59
The machine gun company has 6 officers
and 172 men. It consists of the headquarters
(8 officers and 21 men), 3 platoons (each
with 1 officer and 46 men), and a train (13
men). Its armament is 12 machine guns of
heavy type and 4 spare guns.
Transportation and Equipment.
The transportation equipment of the regi-
ment is: 22 combat wagons, 16 rolling kitch-
ens, 22 baggage and ration wagons, 16 ration
carts. 15 water carts, 3 medical carts, 24 ma-
chine gun carts, 59 riding horses, 8 riding
mules, 332 draft mules, 2 motorcycles with
side cars, 1 motor car, 42 bicycles.
Fighting equipment for each regiment, in
addition to the usual rifles, bayonets, pistols,
etc., includes 480 trench knives (40 to each
company), 192 automatic rifles (16 to each
company), and 3 one-pounder cannon manned
by the one-pounder cannon platoon of the
regimental headquarters company.
Headquarters Company.
Each regimental headquarters company is
made up of 7 officers and 294 men, as f ollowe :
One headquarters platoon (93 officers and
men) including 1 staff section (36 officers and
men), 1 orderlies section (29 men), 1 band
section (28 men).
One signal platoon (77 officers and men)
including 1 telephone section (51 men), 1 sec-
tipn with headquarters (10 men), 1 section
with 3 battalions (16 officers and men).
One sappers' and bombers' platopn (43 offi-
cers and men) including 1 section sappers
(9 men) for dig-ging and special work, 1 sec-
tion bombers (34 officers and men).
One pioneer platoon (55 officers and men)
for engineer work.
One one-pounder cannon platoon (33 officers
and men).
Infantry Divisions.
The following summary of the organization
of an infantry division completes the general
outline of organization of the United States
army for service in Europe. The figures are
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
481
the total of officers and men for each entry.
Each infantry division comprises:
1 division headquarters 164
1 machine sun battalion of 4 companies 768
2 infantry brigades, each composed of
2 infantry regiments and 1 machine
gun battalion of 3 companies 16.420
1 field artillery brigade composed of 3
field artillery regiments and 1 trench
/ mortar battery 5,068
1 field signal battalion 262
1 regiment of engineers 1,666
1 train headquarters and military police
1 ammunition train 962
1 supply train 472
1 engineer train 84
1 sanitary train composed of 4 field
hospital companies and 4 ambulance
companies 940
27,152
Artillery and Machine Gun Strength.
The new organization increases the ratio of
artillery and machine gun strength of in-
fantry. In place of the old division of three
brigades with three infantry regiments in each
are two brigades with two infantry regiments
in each. But in the new as in the old organ-
ization there are three regiments of field artil-
lery in each division, making the ratio of artil-
lery to infantry regiments three to four, in
place of three to nine. A trench mortar bat-
tery, added to the artillery brigade, and a one-
pounder platoon, attached to each infantry
regiment headquarters company, adds to the
gun strength of the division.
A division now includes a total of fourteen
machine gun companies. Each of the four
infantry regiments has one; each of the two
brigades has a machine gua battalion of three
companies and the division has a machine gun
battalion of four companies. This gives each
division a mobile machine gun strength of ten
companies, which can be used as special needs
require, while each regiment still has its
own machine gun equipment in one of its
component companies. And, in addition, there
are forty-eight sections of auto-riflemen, each
section carrying four light machine guns (au-
tomatic rifles), one section in each of the
four platoons making up each rifle company.
REORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL GUARD.
The national guard of the United States was
reorganized in 1919 on a sixteen division
basis in accordance with plans approved by
Secretary of War Baker on July 16. In a cir-
cular letter giving the details of the reorgan-
ization Maj.-Gen. J. Mel. Carter, chief of the,
militia bureau, said that the national guard I
which existed prior to the war with the cen-
tral European powers was drafted into the
federal service and "after performing- its duty
with great honor and fidelity" had been dis-
charged from its obligation and the time had
arrived for its reorganization under the pro-
visions of law. The infantry divisional dis-
tricts, which are substantially the same as
those in which the national guard was formed
for service in the United States army, are:
51 — 'Maine. New Hampshire. Vermont. Massa-
chusetts. Rhode Island and Connecticut.
52— New York.
53 — Pennsylvania.
54 — New Jersey, Delaware. Maryland, District
of Columbia and Virginia.
55 — North Carolina. South Carolina and Ten-
nessee.
56— Alabama. Georgia and Florida.
57 — Arkansas. Louisiana and Mississippi.
58— Ohio.
59— Indiana, Kentucky and West Virginia.
60 — Illinois.
61 — Mjchigan and Wisconsin.
62 — Minnesota. Nebraska and Iowa.
63 — Kansas and Missouri.
64— Texas and Oklahoma.
65 — California. Utah. Nevada. Colorado. Ari-
zona and New Mexico.
66— North Dakota. South Dakota, Montana.
Idaho. Wyoming, Washington and Oregon.
There is one cavalry division of the na-
tional guard. It is assigned to the entire
United States at large.
The plan as further outlined in Maj-Gen.
Carter's circular provides:
"In accordance with the act of June 3.
1916. as amended by the act of July 11. 1919.
the total strength of the national guard is to
be obtained in annual increments, commenc-
ing with 200 men for each senator and rep-
resentative in congress and increasing each
year by not less than fifty per centum until a
total peace strength of 800 enlisted men for
the above representation has been reached.
"The appropriation for the support of the
national guard for the fiscal year 1920 is
based on 200 enlisted men for each senator
and representative in congress, and provides
lor the maintenance of a total of 106.200 en-
listed men. who have been prorated on this
basis to the states and territories of the
United States. The militia bureau in desig-
nating the number and kind of national guard
units to be organized by the several states
has been guided by the necessity of forming
larger units, useful in the event of a federal
emergency, while at the same time consider-
ing the interests of the states by providing
for them a force capable of maintaining law
and order.
"The plan comprising sixteen infantry di-
visions and one cavalry division cannot be
completely realized during the fiscal year 1920
owing to the limitation of existing appropri-
ations, but the organization of the national
guard will be such as to form the necessary
units for eight partially complete infantry
divisions and one skeleton cavalry division
which could be mobilized in an emergency by
a combination of national guard districts.
"The secretary of war has decided that the
fine services of the national guard divisions
in the world war should receive the greatest
recognition that it is possible to accord them.
Their services and fine records are a national
asset and the recogrv.tion accorded them should
be of the same character. As a part of the
army of the United States they won many of
the laurels of that army. It has. therefore,
been decided to perpetuate as many as possi-
ble of the natior-al guard and national army
units which took part in the war with Ger-
many by continuing their designations in the
permanent military establishment and in such
a manner as to give representation to every
state. Those divisions which cannot be in-
corporated in the permanent military estab-
lishment will be perpetuated by announcing
them as reserve divisions, to be organized
whenever a national emergency should require.
"You are therefore informed that designa-
tions other than those used in the war with
Germany will be selected for all new national
guard divisions, and the units which compose
them."
UNITS ASSIGNED TO STATES.
Alabama — 2 companies coast artillery. 1 regi-
ment infantry. 1 squadron cavalry, 1 ma-
chine gun troop. 1 battalion field artillery.
1 signal company (radio), 1 ambulance
company.
Arizona— 1 squadron cavalry, 1 battalion field
artillery.
Arkansas — 1 regiment infantry. 1 battalion
engineers, 1 ambulance company
482
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
California — 8 companies coast artillery, 1 regi-
ment infantry, 1 battalion field artillery.
1 battalion engineers. 1 signal company
(radio). 1 field hospital company. 1 ambu-
lance company. 2 troops cavalry.
Colorado — 1 regiment infantry, 1 troop cav-
alry. 1 battalion field artillery. 1 company
engineers, 1 signal company (outposts), 1
engineer train. 1 ambulance company.
Connecticut— 6 companies coast artillery, 1 bat-
talion infantry, 2 troops, cavalry. 1 battalion
field artillery. 1 ambulance company.
Delaware— 2 companies coast artillery, 1 bat-
talion infantry.
District of Columbia — 1 battalion and 2 com-
panies infantry. 1 battery field artillery. 1
signal company (outposts). 1 headquarters
company infantry.
Florida — 2 companies coast artillery. 2 bat-
talions infantry, 1 machine gun company.
Georgia-
companies coast artillery, 1 regi-
tment and 1 battalion infantry, 1 squadron
cavalry, 1 battalion field artillery, 1 com
pany engineers, 1 field hospital company.
Hawaii — 2 companies coast artillery, 1 battal
ion infantry, 1. machine gun company, '.
supply company.
Idaho— 1 battalion infantry. 1 machine gun
company, 1 company engineers.
Illinois — 3 regiments infantry, 1 squadron cay
airy, 1 regiment and 1 battalion field artil
Icry, 1 battalion engineers. 1 signal company
(wire). 1 engineer train, 2 field hospita
companies, 2 ambulance companies.
Indiana — 1 regiment infantry, 1 squadron cav
airy, 1 regiment field artillery. 1 battalion
engineers. 1 signal company (radio). 1 field
hospital company, 1 ambulance company.
Iowa — 1 regiment infantry, 1 squadron cav
airy, 1 machine gun troop, 1 battalion ficlc
artillery. 1 battalion engineers, 1- field hos-
pital company, 1 ambulance company.
Kansas — 1 regiment infantry. 1 squadron cav-
alry, 1 battalion field artillery. 1 signal com-
pany (outpost), 1 engineers' train. 1 field
hospital company, 1 ambulance company.
Kentucky — 1 regiment and 1 battalion infan-
try. 1 squadron cavalry, 1 machine gun
troop. 1 battalion field artillery. 1 field hos-
pital company, 1 ambulance company.
Louisiana — 1 regiment infantry. 1 battalion
field artillery, 1 signal - company (wire) 1
field hospital company.
Maine— 1 regiment infantry.
Maryland — 1 regiment infantry, 2 battalions
field artillery, 1 field hospital company.
Massachusetts— 8 companies coast artillery. 1
regiment infantry. 2 troops cavalry, 1 regi-
ment field artillery, 1 battalion engineers, 1
signal company (wire), 1 engineer train, 1
field hospital company, 1 ambulance com-
pany.
Michigan — 1 regiment infantry, 1 squadron
cavalry, 1 regiment field artillery, 2 com-
panies engineers. 1 signal company (radio).
1 field hospital company. 1 ambulance com-
pany.
Minnesota — 2 regiments infantry, 1 regiment
field artillery. 1 ambulance company. 1 in-
fantry regiment to be converted to field ar-
tillery.
Mississippi — 1 regiment infantry, 1 battalion
field artillery. 2 troops cavalry.
Missouri — 2 regiments infantry, 1 squadron
cavalry. 1 regiment field artillery, 1 battal-
ion engineers, 1 signal company (wire) , 1
field hospital company. 1 ambulance com-
pany.
Montana— 2 battalions infantry.
Nebraska — 1 regiment infantry, 1 signal com-
pany (radio). 1 field hospital company.
Nevada — 1 squadron cavalry.
New Hampshire — 2 companies coast artillery,
1 battalion infantry. 1 battalion field artil-
lery. 1 field hospital company.
New Jersey — 2 companies coast artillery, 1 reg-
iment infantry. 1 squadron cavalry, 1 ma-
chine gun troop, 1 battalion field artillery,
1 battalion engineers, 1 signal company
(radio). 1 field hospital company.
New Mexico— 1 squadron cavalry. 1 machine
gun troop, 1 battalion field artillery
New York— 12 companies coast artillery 4
regiments infantry. 1 squadron cavalry, 1
regiment. field artillery, 1 regiment engineers.
1 field signal battalion. 1 engineers train 1
sanitary train complete.
North Carolina — 4 companies coast artillery 1
regiment infantry. 2 troops cavalry, 1 bat-
talion, field artillery. 1 company engineers.
1 engineers train. 1 field hospital company
1 ambulance company.
North Dakota— 1 regiment infantry. 1 field
hospital company.
Ohio— 2 regiments infantry, 2 troops cavalry
1 regiment imd 1 battalion field artillery 1
battalion engineers. 1 signal company (out-
post). 1 signal company (wire). 2 field hos-
P'.tals, 2 ambulance companies
Oklahoma— 2 regiments infantry, 1 battalion
held artillery 1 company engineers. 1 signal
company (radio). 1 field hospital company
Oregon — 4 companies coast artillery, 1 regi-
ment infantry. 1 battery field artillery 1
company engineers. 1 ambulance company
1 troop cavalry. *">•.*•
Pennsylvania— 4 regiments infantry, 1 squad-
ron cavalry, 1 regiment fie:d artillery, 1 bat-
talion engineers, 1 field signal battalion 1
engineers train. 1 sanitary train complete
Porto Rico— (Information later.)
Rhode Island — (J companies coast artillery 2
troops cavalry, 1 battery field artillery,' 1
ambulance company.
South Carolina— 2 companies coast artillery 1
regiment infantry, 1 company engineers. 1
field hospital company.
South Dakota— 1 regiment infantry. 1 ambu-
lance company.
Tennessee— 1 regiment and 1 battalion infan-
try, 2 troops cavalry, 1 battalion field ar-
tillery, 1 signal company (outposts), 1 am-
bulance company.
Texas— 3 regiments infantry. 6 regiments cav-
alry. 1 regiment field artillery. 1 company
engineers. 1 signal company (wire), 1 field
hospital company. 1 ambulance company.
Utah— 1 battalion field artillery. 1 field hos-
pital company. 1 squadron cavalry.
Vermont— 2 battalions infantry, 1 machine
gun company.
Virginia — 4 companies coast artillery, 1 regi-
ment infantry, 2 troops cavalry, 1 battalion
field artillery. 1 ambulance company.
Washington — 1 companies coast artillery, 1
regiment infantry. 1 battery field artillery. 1
signal comnar.y (wire), 1 field hospital com-
pany, 1 machine gun troop.
West Virginia— 1 regiment and 1 battalion in-
fantry.
Wisconsin— 1 regiment and 1 battalion infan-
try. 1 squadron cavalry, 1 machine gun
troop. 1 battalion field artillery, 1 company
engineer?, 1 signal company (outposts). 1
field hospital company, 1 ambulance com-
pany.
Wyoming— 1 squadron cavalry. 1 battalion
field artillery.
RANK OF GENERAL.
The rank of general in the United States
uau* j.i.00 ILM^CH ucju UJ
George Washington.
Ulysses S. Grant.
William T. Sherman.
Philip H. Sheridan.
RANK OF LIEUT
The rank of lieutena
states army has been
George Washington.
Ulysses S. Grant.
William T. Sherman.
Philip H. Sheridan.
John M. Schofield.
Nelson A. Miles.
H1C J.VM1UW1U& .
John J. Pershing1.
Tasker H. Bliss.
Peyton C. March.
ENANT-GENERAL.
nt-general in the United
held by the following:
Samuel B. M. Young.
Adna R. Chaffee.
John C. Bates.
Henry C. Corbin.
Hunter Liggett.
Robert L. Bullard.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
483
RANK AND DISTINGUISHING HARES IN THE NAVY AND MARINES.
STAFF OFFICERS.
SUM as equal rank of line officers, but corps devices appear in place of anchors.
IH. »A»Al COH«.r^oCTt
(r-ARRAHT OFFICERS. WARRANT OFFICERS, MATES.
L S3
F1CERS. MATES. .
Zlfmff™
SLEEVE MARKS OF COMMISSIONED AND WARRANT OFFICERS— NAVY.
c* M Cbrx colorr Kedxal. maroon. Pay. wb4r Prof. HalA . dnc |rera.— Staff officers same stripes, but instead of Stars, §H|
,e^^i »rps colon arc used with stripes.-C«pi color, CM EM.. bhr.W R«..amM. DtMl.m^t.
CBIKA'l0s'wTS;^ t'^ DICERS
(Also used on shoulder devices for ranks below Commodore.)
Jt i -L JL X JLK X JSl A X. X
J... •sr"?r ir I
l^ls. -sr
RATINGS AND A FEW SPECIALTY MARKS-NAVY.
£.%Y
SERVICE ARM AND RANK IN THE ARMY.
COLLAR INSIGNIA.
Plain for officers and enlisted dress uniform. Buttons enlisted service uniform.
FIELD ARTILLERY. MEDICAL DEPARTMEHT. TODCE A^OCAT^CEIIWIAL'S '«30ABTE^IAST«l GENERAl-S
COAST ARTILLERY. ADJUTANT GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT RSPECTOR CENE PAL'S
CORPS OF ERCWEERS.
ustmHAKT cnroui.
CAVALRY. OftDSABCE DEPARTMEUTi
COMMISSIONED OFTICERS— INSIGNIA ON SHOULDER IOOPS,
MAJOR OENERAk BRIGADIER CEBERA1, COLONEL.
f S1CHAI CORPS.
UEOTENANT COLOKEL.
RST LIEOTENA1CT On. iJm bai. SECOND LIEUTENANT - W« loop h
CHEVRONS AND SPECIALTY MARKS
The more frequent chevrons, only, arc given.
The colors of the hat cords are used in the chevrons.
A few of the specialty marks are given
f«ST SE«OEAHT. SERGEANT. C
ATE, IsiClwi. CimNER. EUCTBICUN. KECHAIIIC BASDSKAH. COOL
484
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
RANK AND INSIGNIA OF ARMY AND NAVY OFFICERS.
NAVY.
Admiral.
Vice-admiral.
Rear-admiral.
Commodore.
Captain.
Commander.
Lieutenant-commander.
Lieutenant.
Lieutenant, jr. grade.
Ensign.
The following table shows the rank of commis-
sioned officers in the United States army and ma-
rine corps and the corresponding grades in the
ARMY AND MARINE
CORPS.
General.
Lieutenant-general.
Major-general.
Brigadier-general.
Colonel.
Lieutenant-colonel.
Major.
Captain.
First lieutenant.
Second lieutenant. -----
Commissioned army officers wear the following
insignia on the shoulder loop.
RANK AND INSIGNIA.
General— Four silper stars.
Lieutenant-general— Three silver stars.
Major-general— Two silver stars.
Brigadier-general— One silver star.
Colonel— Silver eagle.
Lieutenat-colonel— Silver oak leaf.
Major— Gold oak leaf.
Captain — Two silver bars.
First lieutenant— One silver bar.
Second lieutenant— No insignia.
Chaplain — Cross.
Commissioned officers of the navy wear the fol-
lowing devices on the collar:
Admiral— Anchor and four stars.
Vice-admiral— Anchor and three stars.
Rear-Admiral—Anchor and two stars.
Captain— Anchor and silver eagle.
Commander — Anchor and silver leaf.
Lieutenant-commander— Anchor and gold leaf.
Lieutenant — Anchor and two bars.
Lieutenant, Junior grade — Anchor and one bar.
Ensign— One bar.
Following are the army service insig-nia:
Infantry— Crossed guns.
Cavalry— Crossed sabers.
Field artillery— Crossed cannon and numbers.
Coast artillery— Crossed cannon.
Engineer corps— Castle.
Aviation corps— Globe with wings.
Medical corps— Winged staff and serpents.
Signal corps — Crossed flags.
Quartermaster corps— Eagle on wheel.
Motor transport corps — Winged hat on bronze
Hat Cords.
Generals wear hat cords the color of gold, while
those of other officers are gold and black. The
branch of the service to which each enlisted man
belongs is indicated by the color of the hat cord
he wears:
Infantry-Light blue.
Cavalry— Yellow.
Artillery— Scarlet.
Engineers corps— Scarlet intertwined with white.
Signal corps— Orange intertwined with white.
Medical department— Maroon.
Quartermaster corps— Buff.
Ordnance department— Black intertwined with
white.
Motor transport corps— Purple.
Chevrons.
First class privates wear on their coat sleeves
or shirts the design of the department or service
to which they belong. The designs or chevrons
sewn on the sleeves of noncommissioned officers
are as follows:
Lance corporal— One inverted V-shaped bar.
Corporal— Two bars.
Sergeant— Three bars.
First sergeant— Diamond mark under bars.
Stable sergeant— Horse's head under bars.
Color sergeant— Star under bars.
Battalion quartermaster sergeant— Three hori-
zontal bare.
Chief trumpeter— One bar and bugle.
War Service Chevron.
A gold chevron of standard material and de-
sign, to be worn on the lower half of the left
sleeve of all uniform coats, except fatigue
coats, by each officer and enlisted man who
has served six months in the zone of the ad-
vance in the war. and an additional chevron
for each six months of similar service there-
after. Silver chevrons of similar design are
worn by officers and men who were in the
army during the war but did not see service
overseas.
Wound Chevrons.
A gold chevron of pattern identical with that
of the war service chevron, to be worn on the
lower half of the rig-ht sleeve of all uniform
coats, except fatigue coats, by each officer and
enlisted man who has received a wound in ac-
tion with the enemy which necessitates treat-
ment by a medical officer, and an additional
chevron for each additional wound, but not
more than one chevron will be worn for two
or more wounds received at the same time.
Disablement by gas necessitating treatment by
a medical officer shall be considered to be a
wound within the meaning1 of this order.
Honorable Discharge Chevrons.
As a recognition of duties performed in the
service of the country each soldier on being
discharged is furnished with two scarlet chev-
rons to be worn on the left sleeves, point
up, midway between the elbow and the shoul-
der, one on the coat and one on the overcoat.
These chevrons will serve to indicate to the
country while the uniform is being: worn that
the wearer responded to the demands of the
country, performing- creditable service in the
army, and finally received honorable discharge
therefrom.
DECORATIONS AND MEDALS FOR VALOR.
Capt. Georg-e W. Brush, commander of the
Army and Navy Leg-ion of Valor, U. S. A.,
in an article contributed to the Army and
Navy Journal, March 29, 1919, described the
chief decorations and medals of valor and their
origin as follows:
In these days when our boys are coming-
home from the greatest war in history wear-
ing1 the decorations and medals awarded for
acts of valor and heroism, it may be well to
know a little of their meaning. The medals
bestowed on our soldiers for acts of heroism
should not be C9nfounded with the medals of
our various patriotic org-anizations such as the
Grand Army of the Republic, the Loyal Le-
g-iota, the Spanish War Veterans and the Sons
and Daughters of the Revolution. These are
adopted by these org-anizations and have no
significance except to identify them as belong-
ing to a particular organization.
It has long- been the custom to reward sol-
diers who have performed special deeds of
valor or heroism. The various countries have
adopted medals to express different degrees of
such service. The United States has its con-
gressional medal of honor, and recently two
additional decorations, the distinguished serv-
ice cross and the distinguished service medal.
England has her • Victoria cross, the Dis-
tinguished Service Order and its military medal ;
France, the Legion of Honor, its croix de
guerre and medaille militaire: Italy its Order
of the Crown and Order of St. Maurice: Bel-
fium its Order of Leopold and croix de guerre;
apan, the Order of the Rising Sun of various
degrees: and Germany the iron cross of two
classes and the grand cross.
Gen. Washington near the close of the revo-
lutionary war established a badge of "military
merit" and he himself received a gold medal,
with the thanks of congress. It was not un-
til the civil war that definite action was taken.
Congress, in 1862, passed a law providing for
a medal of honor for its soldiers in the ranks.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB,
485
and in 1863 amended it so as to include of-
ficers. It also provided a medal of honor for
the navy, but singularly did not include the
officers. Recently this defect was remedied.
The navy medal is different in design from
that of the army.
The congressional medal of honor is the
most difficult to win of any military decora-
tion in the world. The requirements are so
stringent that comparatively few are seen. So
far as can be ascertained only twenty-four
medals of honor have thus far been issued in
the war just closed, while over 1,200 dis-
tinguished service crosses have been awarded.
The requirements for our medals are given in
concise form in Gen. Pershing's bulletin No.
25 to our army abroad. He says:
"The following instructions are published as
a guide to all concerned in the manner of
American awards for gallantry in action and
exceptionally meritorious service and to set a
standard for such awards. 1, The medal of
honor, and 2. the distinguished service cross
are awarded for gallantry in action.
"Medal of Honor— The award of the medal
of honor is confined to officers and soldiers
of the American army whose action complies
with the following tests: (a) who have per-
formed in action deeds of most distinguished
bravery and self-sacrifice: (b) above and be-
yond the call of duty; (c) so conspicuous as
to clearly distinguish them for gallantry and
intrepidity above their comrades: (d) which
involve risk of life or the performance of
more than ordinarily hazardous service: (e)
' the omission of which would not justly subject
the person to censure or for shortcoming or
failure in the performance of his duty.
"Distinguished Service Cross— The award of
the distinguished service cross is confined to
any one who may distinguish himself or her-
self by extraordinary heroism in connection
with military operations against an armed en-
emy of the United States under circumstances
which do not justify the award of the medal
of honor, and may be awarded to any person
who while serving in any capacity with the
army shall hereafter distinguish himself or
herself or who since April 6. 1917, has dis-
tinguished himself or herself.
"Distinguished Service Medal— The award of
the distinguished service medal will be confined
to any one distinguishing himself or herself
by exceptionally meritorious service to the
government in a duty of great responsibility
in time of war or in connection with or against
an armed enemy of the United States."
There are other medals issued by the gov-
ernment representing service of various kinds,
but the three described are the most impor-
tant. The distinguished service medal may be
awarded to civilians not engaged in military
operations, but not the other two named.
The Victoria cross, the highest military dec-
oration of Great Britain, was established Jan.
29. 1856, by Queen Victoria, "for conspicuous
bravery or devotion in presence of the enemy."
Second in importance is the Distinguished Serv-
ice Order and third the military medal. Eng-
land has also the royal red cross for women.
The origin of the most important French
decoration, the Legrion of Honor, is described in
a translation from the French of Jules Martin,
made by Miss M. Murphy for the Army and
Navy Legion of Valor. In the period of the
consulate, the year eight, it was designated
as a national recompense to warriors who
rendered distinguished service in battle for the
republic: also to citizens who by their learn-
ing, talents or virtues contributed in estab-
lishing or defending the principles of the re-
public. In time of war heroic deeds were rec-
ognized: in time of peace it required twenty-
five years of military service to be entitled
to the decoration. In the period of the empire '
the Legion of Honor comprised four classes,
grand officer, commandant, officer, legionary.
By a decree of Jan. 30. 1805. Napoleon in&ti-
tuted a fifth degree, the "great decoration"
or "great eagle." which since has taken the
name of "grand croix." The imperial decree
of March 1. 1808. which related to titles of
nobility, gave future members of the legion
the title of knight, to be transmissible to
their descendants, and granted a net revenue
of at least 3.000 francs.
Various changes have been made from time
to time. The government of the national de-
fense decreed Oct. 28. 1870, that the Legion
of Honor be exclusively reserved as a recom-
pense for military service and for acts of
bravery and devotednees. The law of July 25
1873. abrogates this.
The iron cross of Germany was instituted
by royal decree of March 10. 1813. as a spe-
cial decoration for patriotic services, to be
"earned during the impending war in battle
with the enemies or in the field or at home."
It consists of two classes and a "grand cross "
Originally instituted for one war only, it was
reinstituted July 19. 1870. for the Franco-
Prussian war and has existed since that time.
The grand cross may be awarded only "to the
commanding officer for winning a decisive bat-
tle through which the enemy was forced to
give up his position." The iron cross, it wa.»
decreed in 1870. is to be bestowed "regardless
of rank and position as a reward for meri-
torious services rendered either in actual bat-
tle with the enemy or at home in connection
with this struggle." In the great world wa*
just closed the iron crosses have been dis-
tributed to the German army in lavish pro-
fusion.
THE VICTORY MEDAL.
The secretary of war through Gen. Peyton
C. March, chief of staff, issued the following-
order June 30. 1919:
1. A war service medal, to be known as the
victory medal, will be awarded to all officers
and enlisted men who served on active duty in
the army of the United States at any time
between April 6. 1917. and Nov. 11, 1918.
and whose service was honorable.
2. Battle clasps will be awarded for each
of the major operations and for the occupation
of a defensive sector. Only one defensive
sector clasp will be awarded to any one indi-
vidual. To be eligible for a battle clasp the
officer or enlisted man must have been actually
present, under competent orders, in the sector
of the army, corps, division or similar inde-
pendent organization during the period in
which the organization was engaged. The of-
ficer or enlisted man may have belonged to
the organization in question, been attached to
it or have served it in some independent ca-
pacity. The authorized presence of the per-
son in the locality at the time of operation
will be the determining factor in the award
of clasp. Each officer or enlisted man serving
in the 1st army area between Aug. 30 and
Nov. 11. 1918. or in the 2d army area be-
tween Oct. 12 and Nov. 11. 1918. will be
entitled to the defensive sector clasp, irre-
spective of awards for major operations. Each
officer or enlisted man serving in the area of
corps, divisions, or smaller independent organi-
zations under French, British, Belgian or Ital-
ian commands, between April 6. 1917, and
Nov. 11. 1918. will be entitled to the de-
fensive sector clasp, irrespective of awards for
major operations. Each officer or enlisted man
present in an engagement in European Russia
since An ST. 1. 1918. or in Siberia since Aug1.
15, 1918. will be entitled to a defensive sector
clasp. The following operations are announced
as ma.ior operations:
a. Cambrai— Between May 12-Dec. 4. 1917.
486
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
b. Somme. defensive — Between March 2.1-
April 6. 1918.
c. Lys— Between April 9-27, 1918.
d. Aisne — On the Chemin des Dames and
northeast of Reims between May 27-June 5,
1918.
e. Montdidier-Noyon — Between June 9-13,
f. Champagne-Marne — Between July 15-18,
1918.
g-. Aisne-Marne— -Between July 18-Aug. 6,
1918.
h. Somme. offensive— Between Aug. 8-Nov.
11. 1918.
i. Oise-Aisne— Between Aug-. 18-Nov. 11,
1918.
j. Ypres-Lys— Between Aug. 19-Nov. 11. 1918.
k. St. Mihiel— Between Sept. 12-16. 1918.
1. Meuse-Arg-onne— Between Sept. 26-Nov. 11.
1918.
m. Vittorio-Veneto— Between Oct. 24-Nov. 4,
1918.
3. Clasps will be awarded to each officer and
enlisted man who served overseas and is not
entitled to a battle clasp under paragraph 2
as follows:
a. France — For service in France between
April 6. 1917-Nov. 11. 1918.
b. Italy— For service in Italy between April
6. 1917-Nov. 11. 1918.
c. Siberia— For any service in Siberia.
d. Russia — For any service in European Rus-
sia.
e. England — For service in England between
April 6. 1917-Nov. 11. 1918. The clasp for
this service will only be awarded to officers and
enlisted men who served in England and are
not entitled to one of the other clasps enu-
merated in this paragraph.
4. Officers and enlisted men forming' part of
the personnel of the crews of army and com-
mercial transports operating' between the United
States and Europe will be included among' those
authorized to wear one of the clasps enu-
merated in paragraph 3. depending1 on the Eu-
ropean country for which the transport sailed.
Not more than one such clasp, however, will
be awarded to any one individual under this
authority.
5. A bronze star, three-sixteenths inch in
diameter, will be placed on the service ribbon
for each battle clasp awarded under the pro-
visions of paragraph 2. When an officer or
enlisted man has been cited in orders issued
from the headquarters of a force commanded
by a general officer for gallantry in action not
justifying the award of a medal of honor,
distinguished service cross or distinguished
service medal, he will wear a silver star on
the ribbon of the medal and on the service
ribbon for each such citation.
VICTORY LAPEL BUTTON.
The victory lapel button is for wear on
•civilian clothing by honprably discharged sol-
diers. It is made of
bronze for all soldiers
who saw service abroad
or at home, and of sil-
ver for those who were
wounded. It is in the
shape of a five pointed
star superimposed on a
conventional laurel
wreath with the letters
U. S. in the center of
the star. The button,
which was designed
under the general di-
rection of the com-
mission of fine arts, was issued in July. 1919,
and subsequently to all applicants presenting1
their discharge papers.
DETAILS OF CERTAIN DECORATIONS.
The war department in an order issued May
5. 1919. gave the following technical descrip-
tions of the distinguished service medal, the
distinguished service cross and the victory
medal :
Distinguished Service Medal.
The coat of arms of the United States in
bronze surrounded by a ring in dark blue en-
amel bearing the inscription "For Distinguished
Service. MCMXVIII." Suspended by a bar
from a silk ribbon. 1% inches long and 1%
inches wide, consisting of a white center (%
inch wide) with a scarlet band on each edge
and a narrow dark-blue stripe between the
scarlet and white, according to standard sample.
Distinguished Service Cross.
A cross of bronze with an eagle on the cen-
ter and a scroll below the eagle, bearing the
inscription "For Valor." Suspended by a ring
from a silk ribbon. 1% inches long and 1%
inches wide, composed of a band of red ( 4
inch), white (1/16 inch), blue (1 inch)
white (1/16 inch), and red (% inch).
Victory Medal.
(a) A bronze medal 36 mm. in diameter. On
the obverse a Victory winged, standing, full
length and full face. On the reverse the in-
scription "The Great War for Civilization"
and a representation of the various allied and
associated nations. Suspended by a ring from
a watered silk ribbon, 1% inches long and 36
mm. wide, representing two rainbows placed
in juxtaposition and having the red in the
middle, with a white thread along- each edge,
according to standard sample.
(b) Bronze clasps— Bronze bars, % inch
wide, to be placed on the ribbon of the medal
and bearing the following inscriptions:
(1) Somme. defensive. (10) St. Mihiel.
(2) Lys. (11) Mouse-Argonne.
(3) Aisne. (12) Vittorio-Veneto
(4) Montdidier-Noyon. (13) France.
(5) Champagne-Marne. (14) Italy.
(6) Aisne-Marne. (15) Siberia.
(7) Somme. offensive. (16) Russia.
(8) Oise-Aisne. (17) England.
(9) Ypres-Lys.
(c) Stars 3/16 inch in diameter. Citation
stars to be silver: stars to denote possession
of clasps to be of bronze.
OTHER AMERICAN DECORATIONS.
In addition to the decorations provided for
soldiers in the war in Europe there are many
other medals and badges worn by men who
distinguished themselves in other wars or by
g-ood conduct, marksmanship, etc. These in-
clude the following-:
Medal commemorating- the battle of Manila
bay. May 1, 1898.
Medal commemorating- the naval engage-
ments in the West Indies during the war with
Spain, 1898.
Special meritorious medal for services dur-
ing- the war with Spain, other than in battle.
Certificate of merit medal.
Civil war campaign medal.
India.n campaign medal.
Spanish war campaign medal.
Congressional medal for Philippine service.
Philippine insurrection campaign medal.
Army of Cuban occupation medal, 1898-
1902.
China relief expedition medal.
GoM life-saving medal.
Silver life-saving- medal.
Cuban pacification medal. t
Nicaraguan campaign medal.
Haitian campaign medal, 1915.
Good-conduct medal. U. S. navy.
Good-conduct medal. U. S. marine corps.
Medals and badges for excellence in gunnery.
Expert rifleman's badge, army and marine
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
487
Sharpshooter's medal, navy and marine
corps.
Expert rifleman's bar badge, navy.
Pistol expert badg-e, army and marine corps.
Expert pistol-shot's bar badge, navy.
Distinguished marksman's medal, marine
corps.
Sharpshooter's badg-e. army and marine
corps.
Marksman's badge, army and marine corps.
COLORED RIBBON BARS.
The various medals are suspended from rib-
bons of distinctive colors. Bars of ribbon of
the same color are worn by officers and men
upon whom the medals have been conferred
with their uniforms. There are as many dif-
ferent kinds as there are medals.
MEXICAN SERVICE BADGE.
The following order was issued by the war
department in February. 1918:
By authority of the presid> nt, a service badge
with ribbon, to be known as the Mexican serv-
ice badge, will be issued to all officers and en-
listed men who are now or may hereafter be
in the military service of the United States.
and whose service has been under the follow-
ing- conditions:
(a) In Mexico, afloat or ashore, as members
of the Vera Cruz expedition, between April 24,
1914. and Nov. 26. 1914.
(b) In M xico as members of the punitive or
other author: zed expeditions between March
14. 1916. and Feb. 7, 1917.
(c) Those who were actually present and
participated in an engagement against Mexicans
between April 12. 1911. and Feb. 7. 1917, in
which there were casualties on the side of the
United States troops.
(d) Those who were present as members of
the Mexican border patrol between April 12,
1911. and Feb. 7. 1917. in proximity to an en-
gagement between Mexicans which resulted in
casualties among their own company, troop,
battery or detachment.
The distribution of this badge will be gov-
erned by the provisions of article VIII., com-
pilation of general orders, circulars and bulle-
tins, war department. 1881-1915. No individ-
ual will be entitled to more than one Mexican
service badge.
Persons not now in the army of the United
States, who if they had remained in the serv-
ice would be entitled to this badge and whose
separation from the serv;ce has been honor-
able, may apply to the adjutant-general of the
army for authority to purchase and wear the
Mexican service badge.
WOUND AND SERVICE CHEVRONS IN NAVY.
Wound and service chevrons for men in the
naval service, afloat or ashore in Europe, were
authorized by the secretary of the navy Sept.
25. 1918. The chevrons are similar to those
worn in the army and take the form of a V-
shaped bar of gold braid for blue uniforms
and yellow silk lace or braid for white. Serv-
ice chevrons are worn on the lower half of the
left sleeve and wound chevrons on the right
sleeve.
War service chevrons will be given as fol-
lows:
Served three months or more since April 6.
1917. afloat or ashore, on duty east of the
thirty-seventh meridian west of Greenwich.
Served afloat three months or more since May
25. 1918. on vesse's thpt have cruised on the
high seas of the Atlantic ocean north of the
equator.
Served on vessels that have been torpedoed or
fired upon.
Served on aviation duty in the United States,
making actual flights in search of enemy ves-
sels since May 25. 1918.
Service on transports and convoying ships
shall be included.
BRITISH WAR LEADERS REWARDED.
The leaders of the British land and sea forces
were liberally rewarded with titles and money
grants, as the following table will show:
Admiral Sir David Beatty.. . Earldom.. 5500,000
Admiral Viscount Jellicoe.. .Viscounty 250.000
Admiral Sir C. Madden Baronetcy 50.000
Admiral Sir D. Sturdoe 50.000
Vice-Admiral Sir R. Keyes. . Taronetcy 50.000
Resolutions voted by parliament:
That the thanks of this house be given to
the officers, petty officers, and men of the navy
and of the royal marines ior their sleepless
watch over the seas and for the courage, re-
source and devotion with which, during four
years of constant peril, they have maintained
the blockade of the enemy's coast, convoyed
Rear-Admiral de Robeck. .'.'. Baronetcy 50.000 armies drawn from the most distant .lands, and
" ** "*-* «.*-.. m m J-»o»l W1«3H_,7 w»w j j * j jj *Vio, ststrvtrviofsm f\-f + !-»» ^ri-rri H rrs\A wr r^WI A
Commander Sir R. T. Tyr-
whitt ...............Baronetcy
50,000
Field Marshal Sir D. Haig. . Earldom.. 500.000
FieldMnrehpl Si"JohnFrench.Vii?rounty 250.000
Field Marshal Sir E. AllenbyV ipcrmnty 250.000
Field Marshal Sir H. Plumer Barony... loO.OOO
Gen. Sir H. Rawlinson Barony... 150,000
Gen. Sir J. Byng Parcny... 150,000
Gen. Sir H. Home Barony. . . 150.000
Field Marshal Sir H. Wilson Baronetcy 50.OOO
Gen. Sir W. Robertson "Unronrtcy 50.000
~ir W. Birdwood "Rpronetcy
Gen. Sir T
Air V. M.
Sir H. Trenchard."naronetcy
50.000
50.000
Lieut. -Col. Sir M. Hankey..G. C. &.. 125.000
defended the commerce of the civilized world
against the craft and subtlety of a lawless
That the thanks of this house be given to
the officers, noncommissioned officers, and men
of the armies in the field for the matchless
valor and endurance with which, amid cir-
cumstances of unexampled hardship, they have
sustained the shock of war in many climes,
for the good humor, clemency and patience of
their bearing and for the undaunted spirit
which has carried them through four years of
strenuous toil to a complete and splendid vic-
tory.
GRAVES OF AMERICAN
Up to June 30, 1919. 57,919 graves of Amer-
ican soldiers had been registered by the graves
registration service in Europe. They are dis-
tributed as follows:
Country. Cemeteries,
France — American 230
French, local 558
Great Britain 93
Germany 31
Belgium 2
Russia
Luxemburg 8
Italy 12
The work of recording graves and placing
Graves.
47.236
6.779
2.073
1,053
403
189
110
76
SOLDIERS IN EUROPE.
crosses in Great Britain had been completed
before June 30. The seventy-six bodies in
Italy were concentrated in a cemetery at Genoa,
this W9rk being completed July 15. The
bodies in Russia, it was decided, should be
removed to a cemetery in France while those
in Luxemburg and Germany were also to find
a resting place in France. In October it was
decided by the war department that bodies of
American soldiers buried in Italy, Belgium.
Germany, Great Britain. Luxemburg and north
Russia were to be brought home as soon as
possible without waiting on the action of the
French government with respect to the army
dead in France.
488
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CLOTH SHOULDER INSIGNIA WORN BY AMERICAN SOLDIERS.
ARMY INSIGNIA.
R
1st Army.
2d Army.
CORPS INSIGNIA.
3d Army.
(Army of Occupation )
A e
1st Corps.
2d Corps.
3d Corps.
4th Corps
5th Corps. 6th Corps. 7th Corps. 8th Corps. 9th Corps.
DIVISIONAL INSIGNIA.
m
1st Div. 2d Uiv. 3d Div. 4th Div. :>th Div. 6th Div.
7th Div. 0.1th Div. 12th Div. 19th Div. 26th Div. 27th Div.
28th
Div. 29th Div. 30th Div. 31st Div. 32d Div. 33d Div. 34th Div. 35th Div.
36th Div. 37th Div. 38th Div. 39th Div. 40th Div. 41st Div.
42d Div. 76th Div. 77th Div. 78th Div. 79th Div. 80th Div.
AI MANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
489
CD
gist Div. 82d Div.
Div. 85th Div. 86th Div. 87th Div.
88th Div.
89th Div. 90th Div. 91st Div. 92d Div.
PRINCIPAL MEDALS WORN BY AMERICAN SOLDIERS.
93d Div.
Distinguished Service
Medal— American.
Distinguished Service Naval Medal of Honor
Cross— American. —American.
Croix de Guerre— Legrion of Honor— Disting-uished Service Croix de Guerre —
Franc*. Prance. Cross — Britain. Belgium.
490
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
NICKNAMES AND INSIGNIA OF AKMY DIVISIONS.
Following- is a list of the better known di-
visional nicknames, with brief descriptions of
the cloth shoulder insignia worn on the uni-
forms. The number of the division: home
state or states of troops, nickname (if any)
and insignia (if any) are given in order:
1. Regulars: "First division" (first in France):
crimson figure 1 on background of khaki.
2. Regulars: Indian head with background of
star and shield: colors varying according to
3. Regulars: "Marne division": three white
stripes diagonally superimposed upon a
square field of blue.
4. Regulars: four green leaves of ivy super-
imposed upon a diamond of olive drab.
5. Regulars: "Ace of Diamonds": a red dia-
6. Regulars: six pointed star of red with fig-
ure "6" in blue.
7. Regulars: two equilateral black triangles
superimposed on a red circle.
8. Regulars.
9. Regulars.
10. Regulars: Roman numeral X in gold in-
closed by ring of same color on a field of
marine blue contained in a square.
11. Regulars: "Lafayette division": head of
Lafayette.
12. Regulars: "Plymouth division": figure
"12" in red on blue ground, pierced by
bayonet: gold border and two gold stars.
13. Regulars; circular disk of blue cloth on
which is superimposed a red horseshoe with
black cat and numeral 13 in white block
figures.
14. Regulars:
'Wolverine division*
shield
shaped panel of dark green on which is
superimposed a disk of yellow with black
rim and silhouette of head, shoulders and
paw of a wolverine: across the shield the
word "Wolverine."
15. 16 and 17. Regulars.
18. Regulars: "Cactus": figure "18" in white
'on green cactus plant with motto, "Noli me
19. Regulars: "Twilight division."
20. Regulars.
26. New England troops: "Yankee division":
dark blue monogram "YD" superimposed on
diamond of khaki cloth.
27. New York troops; "New York division":
circle of black with band of red inside of
which on a black field are seven stars and
"N. Y." in monogram, the stars represent-
ing the constellation of Orion in honor of
the commander. Gen. J. F. O'Ryan.
28. Pennsylvania troops; "Keystone division":
red keystone.
29. Troops from New Jersey, Delaware. Dis-
trict of Columbia and Virginia: "Blue and
Gray division": Korean symbol of good luck
in blue and gray symbolical of reunion of
nprth and south.
30. Troops from North and Sovith Carolina and
Tennessee: "Old Hickory division": mono-
gram in blue, the letter "O" surrounding the
letter "H* with three Xs (Roman numerals
for 30). all on a maroon background.
31. Troops from Alabama. Georgia and Florida;
"Dixie division': the letters "D. D." super-
imposed on a trianerle of red and blue.
32. Troops from Wisconsin and Michigan:
"Iron Jaws division": barred arrow of red.
33. Troops from Illinois and Virginia : "Prairie
division": yellow cross on black circle.
34. Troops from Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska
and North Dakota: "Sandstorm division":
black circle encircling- a red bovine sknll.
35. Troops from Missouri and Kansas: Santa
Fe cross within two circles of varying col-
ors, the outer one divided into four arcs.
36. Troops from Texas and Oklahoma: "Lone
Star division" (sometimes called "Panther
upon which is superimposed an arrowhead
of cobalt blue and within the arrowhead is
the olive drab letter "T," representing Texas,
the arrowhead representing Oklahoma.
37. Troops from Ohio: "Buckeye division";
red circle superimposed on white circle.
38. Troops from Indiana and Kentucky;
"Cyclone division": shield of red and blue on
which is superimposed the monogram "CY."
39. Troops from Louisiana. Mississippi and
Arkansas: "Bull's-eye division"; a bull's-eye
on khaki square with inner circle of red,
middle circle of white and outer circle of
black.
40. Troops from California. Nevada. Utah and
Arizona: "Sunset division"; golden sun en
blue square.
41. Troops from Washington. Oregon. Mon-
tana, Idaho and Wyoming; "Sunset divi-
sion": golden sun superimposed on field of
red setting- behind blue hills.
42. National guard troops from twenty-six
states and District of Columbia: "Rainbow
division": particolored arc with colors of
rainbow.
76. Troops from New England: "Liberty Bell
division": blue bell on buff field.
77. Troops from New York city and vicinity:
"Metropolitan division"; statue of Liberty
on blue background.
78. Troops from New Jersey and New York;
"Lightning division": red cloth semicircle
crossed diagonally by white bolt of light-
ning.
79. Troops from Maryland. District of Co-
lumbia and Pennsylvania: "Liberty division":
gray Lorraine cross on blue shield.
80. Troops from Virginia, West Virginia and
Pennsylvania: "The Blue Ridge division":
shield of olive drab cloth with three blue hills.
81. Troops from North Carolina. South Caro-
lina. Florida and Porto Rico: "Stonewall di-
vision": black wildcat on yellow background
in circle.
82. Troops from Georgia. Alabama and Ten-
nessee: "All American division": letters
"A. A." in gold on circle of blue superim-
posed on red square.
83. Troops from Ohio: golden monogram "O.
H. I. O." on black triangle.
84. Tro9ps from Indiana and Kentucky; "Lin-
coln division": red hatchet with blue handle
inside red circle: word "Lincoln" in blue
letters and numeral "84" also in blue.
85. Troops from Michigan and Wisconsin:
"Custer division": scarlet letters "C. D."
mounted on circle of khaki cloth.
86. Troops from Chicago and northern Illi-
nois: "Blackhawk division": monogram "B.
H." on red shield superimposed on a black
hawk, the whole superimposed on a red
shield.
87. Troops from Arkansas. Louisiana and Ala-
bama: "Acorn division": acorn superimposed
on dark green circle.
88. Troops from Minnesota. North Dakota,
Iowa and Illinois: two figures "8" crossing
at right angles, giving appearance of a
clover leaf, one leaf for each state: varying
colors.
89. Troops from Kansas. Missouri. Nebraska,
South Dakota, Colorado and New Mexico:
"Middle West division": black letters "M.
W," surrounded by circle of black.
90. Troops from Texas and Oklahoma: "Alamo
division": monogram "T. O." in red, for
Texas and Oklahoma.
91. Troons from California, Oregon. Washing-
ton. Idaho. Nevada. Montana. Wyoming.
Utah and Alaska: "Wild West division":
green fir tree,
92. Colored troops from various states: buffalo,
color varying: usually red.
93. Colored troops from various sections: blue
division"); circular disk of olive drab cloth ' French steel helmet on a dark blue circle.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
491
UNITED STATES ARMY PAY.
Statement of the system of pay of the army
authorized by the quartermaster-general:
Commissioned Officers.
Rank Per year.
General $10.000
vreilcl dl •• •••••••••••••••••••
Lieutenant-general
Major-general ..
Brigadier-general
rnlrmel 4.000
V^oionei ...•.•••••••••• Q r nn
Lieutenant-colonel o'nnn
^aaSnV:"v:::v.v::v:::.v.v.:::::::: l:°8o
First lieutenant ?'2RS
Second lieutenant 1.700
In the cases of colonels and other commis-
sioned officers of lower rank an increase of 10
per cent, known as longevity pay. is allowed
for each period of five years of service, pro-
vided that such increase shall not exceed 40
per cent. Officers of higher rank than colonel
receive no increase for continuous service.
All officers are entitled to be furnished pub-
lic quarters, with fuel and light, but if these
cannot be provided the officers receive a com-
muted money value of the same. The allow-
ance for quarters for a second lieutenant is
2 rooms, or 824 per month: for a first lieu-
tenant, 3 rooms or commutation of 836 per
month: a captain. 4 rooms or commutation
of 848: major, 5 rooms or commutation of
860: lieutenant-colonel. 6 rooms or commuta-
tion of 872; colonel. 7 rooms or commutation
of 884: brigadier-general, 8 rooms or commu-
tation of 896: major-general, 9 rooms or com-
mutation of 8108; lieutenant-general. 10 rooms
or commutation of 8120, and a general. 11
rooms or commutation of 8132. All receive a
suitable allowance for heat and light, de-
pendent upon the locality of their stations and
the season. While on foreign service officers
receive an increase of 10 per cent of their
base pay and longevity pay.
Aerial Flight Increases.
Aviation officers of the signal corps, or offi-
cers attached to the signal corps, while on
duty which requires them to participate reg-
ularly and frequently in aerial flights, are en-
titled to an increase in the pay of their grade,
under their commissions, as follows: Aviation
officers, 25 per cent: junior military aviators,
50 per cent: military aviators, 75 per cent.
Each junior military aviator and each mili-
tary aviator duly qualified and serving has the
rank, pay and allowances of one grade higher
than that held by them under their commis-
sions, provided that the ranks under their com-
missions are not higher than that of captain.
Pay of Enlisted Men.
The pay of enlisted men depends on their
grades, ratings and length of service. From
June 1, 1917, and continuing during and
after the war in Europe the pay of enlisted
men is as follows
Men receiving 830: All privates, the. army
entering grade.
Men receiving 833 : First-class privates, men
promoted to act in minor noncommissioned
officer capacity.
Men receiving 836 : Corporals, saddlers, me-
chanics, farriers and wagoners, and musicians
of the third class.
Men receiving 838: All sergeant grades in
the line, which include infantry, field artillery,
coast artillery and cavalry; cooks, horseshoers.
band corporals and musicians of the second
class.
Men receiving 844: Sergeants of the various
corps of the engineers, ordnance, signal corps,
quartermaster corps and medical department:
band sergeants and musicians of the first class.
Men receiving 848: Battalion sergeant majors,
squadron sergeant majors, sergeant majors
(junior grade), sergeant buglers, master gun-
ners and assistant band leaders of the line.
Men receiving 851 : Regimental sergeant
majors, regimental supply sergeants, sergeant
majors (senior grade), quartermaster sergeants
of the quartermaster corps, ordnance sergeants,
first sergeants, electrician sergeants of the first
class, assistant engineers and battalion sergeant
majors and battalion supply sergeants of the
engineers.
Men receiving 856: Sergeants, first class, of
the medical department.
Men receiving 871 : Hospital sergeants, mas-
ter engineers of the junior grade and engi-
neers.
Men receiving 881: Quartermaster sergeants
of the senior grade of the quartermaster corps,
band leaders, master signal electricians, master
electricians, master engineers of the senior
grade and master hospital sergeants.
Assignment to Special Duties.
These are the established grades of the en-
listed men, but they may variously be assigned
to such special duties as chauffeurs, switch-
board operators, cobblers, clerks, camoufleurs.
sanitary inspectors, draftsmen, stevedores, ac-
countants, plumbers and such other occupa-
tions and trades as are necessary to meet the
requirements of- army service.
In addition to the rates of pay for enlisted
men heretofore mentioned, supplemental pay
or allowances are made as follows:
(1) Increased pay is allowed for continuous
service, computed under what is known as "en-
listment period." An enlistment period ordi-
narily represents a period of three or four
years, dependent upon the law in effect at
date of enlistment. There are seven such
periods, covering a period of service of from
1 year to more than 18 years, provided for,
and the increases range from 83 to 824 per
month, according to the grade and length of
service. Men in the grade of private calling
for 830 per month are increased 83 per month
during the second enlistment period, an addi-
tional 83 during the third enlistment period,
and 81 per month for each additional enlist-
ment period to include the seventh enlistment
period. Men above the 830 grade and up to-
and including the 838 grade are entitled to-
83 per month additional pay for each enlist-
ment period from the second to the seventh.
Men above the 838 grade are entitled to 84
per month additional pay for each enlistment
period from the second to the seventh.
Some Additional Ratings.
(2) Enlisted men of the coast artillery, be-
low the grade of mess sergeant, are entitled to*
the following additional ratings, according to
established individual qualifications: Casement
electricians, observers of the first class, plot-
ters and coxswains, 89 per month: chief plant-
ers, observers of second class, chief loaders,
gun commanders and gun pointers, 87 per
month: enlisted men of the field artillery —
expert first-class gunners, 85 per month: first-
class gunners, 83 per month, and second-class
gunners, 82 per month: enlisted men of the
cavalry, engineers and infantry— expert rifle-
men. 85 per month: sharpshooters. S3 per
month, and marksmen, 82 per month: enlisted
men of the medical department — surgical as-
sistants, 85 per month: nurse (enlisted man).
S3 per month, and dispensary assistant, $2
per month.
(3) Enlisted men of the signal corps, while-
on duties which require them to participate
regularly in aeroflights, assuming that they
have rating of aviation mechanician, receive
50 per cent increase in their monthly pay.
Housing and Subsistence.
(4) All enlisted men, while on detached dutjr
not in the field where there are no army quar-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ters available, receive in addition to their pay
$15 per month to cover the expense of housing
and also a suitable allowance for subsistence
and for heat and light.
(5) Enlisted men, if serving1 in a foreign
country or beyond the continental limits of
the United States (Porto Rico. Hawaii and
Panama Canal Zone excepted) receive 20 per
cent increase in pay computed on the base
pay and service pay prevailing prior to June
1, 1917.- when an act of congress increased,
for the "term of the emergency." the pay of
all enlisted men in amounts ranging from 50
per cent to 8 per cent.
(6) Enlisted men attached to the United States
military academy are entitled to the same pay
and allowances as other enlisted men of the
regular army of the same grade and additional
compensation provided for performing certain
duties upon detail therefor in orders.
For deeds of valor, recognized by acts of
congress, officers and enlisted men receive cer-
tificates of merit which entitle them to an ad-
ditional compensation of $2 per month.
Allowances at Retirement.
Enlisted men can apply for retirement after
30 years of service. They are retired on 75
per cent of the monthly pay drawn at the
time of retirement, and $15.75 a month addi-
tional in lieu of allowances.
Officers are retired for disability or after 04
years of age, and receive 75 per cent of the
pay of the grade held at date of retirement.
An enlisted man in active service has no
necessary personal expenses except for barber
and laundry. Uniforms, underclothing, shoes,
hats, quarters, medical attendance and sub-
sistence are supplied them at government ex-
pense. Such materials as tobacco, postage,
confectionery and incidentals of individual
taste may be purchased at the post exchange
at cost.
Officers, while in hospital, are charged $1
per day for subsistence. They are not en-
titled to clothing or equipment and are re-
quired to subsist themselves, purchasing their
supplies either from the quartermaster or
through the ordinary channels of trade.
NAVY PAY TABLE.
All commissioned officers of the active list
of the navy receive the same pay and allow-
ances according to rank and length of service.
Officers of the medical, pay and construction
corps, chaplains, civil engineers and professors
of mathematics have the relative ranks of the
various grades of the line, the annual base
pay of each grade being as follows:
Admiral (in command of fleet) $10,000
Vice-admiral (second in command of
fleet) 9,000
Rear-admiral, upper half 8,000
Rear-admiral, lower half 6,000
Commodore 6.000
Captain 4,000
Commander 3,500
Lieutenant-commander •. 3,000
Lieutenant 2,400
Lieutenant (junior grade) 2,000
Ensign 1.700
To each commissioned officer below the rank
of rear-admiral is allowed 10 per cent of his
.yearly base pay "for each five years of service
in the army, navy and marine corps, but not
exceeding in all 40 per cent. Additional pro-
vision is made by law that the pay of a
captain shall uot exceed $5,000, a commander
$4,500, and a lieutenant-commander $4,000 per
annum.
Sea and Foreign Shore Duty.
An officer on sea or on shore duty beyond
the continental limits of the United States re-
ceives while so serving 10 per cent additional
of his pay.
An officer on shore duty where no govern-
ment quarters are furnished is paid $12 per
month for each of the number of rooms to
which his rank entitles him. that is:
Rooms.
Rear-admiral, upper half 9
Rear-admiral, lower half 8
Captain 7
Cpmmander 6
Lieutenant-commander 5
Lieutenant 4
Lieutenant (junior grade) 3
Ensign, warrant officer and nurse 2
Varying allowances for heat and light, de-
pending upon the month and place of duty,
are made for the number of rooms actually
occupied, but not exceeding the number to
which an officer's rank entitles him.
Aids to rear-admirals of the upper half are
each paid $200 per annum and aids to rear-
admirals of the lowei half $150 each per
annum.
Student Naval Aviators.
Officers of the navy appointed student naval
allowances of the rank plus 35 per cent in-
crease thereof, and those officers who have
qualified as naval aviators shall, while so de-
tailed, receive the pay and allowances of their
rank plus 50 per cent thereof.
Boatswains, gunners, pay clerks, machinists,
carpenters, sailmakers and pharmacists are
known as warrant officers and are paid aa
follows : On Waiting
At sea. shore, orders.
First 3 years' service... .$1,500 $1,125 $875
Second 3 years' service.. 1,625 1,250 1.000
Third 3 years' service... 1.750 1,625 1.125
Fourth 3 years' service.. 2,000 1.750 1.250
After 12 years' service. . 2.250 2.000 1.500
Warrant officers on shore duty receive the
same allowances for quarters and heat and
light as an ensign.
After six years from date of warrant these
officers are, if duly qualified, commissioned
chief warrant officers and receive the pay and
allowances of ensign. After six years from
date of commission each commissioned war-
rant officer with a creditable record receives
the pay and allowances of a lieutenant (junior
grade), and after twelve years from date of
commission the pay and allowances of a lieu-
tenant.
Warrant officers while attached to a sea-
going ship are paid a ration allowance of 40
cents per day.
All officers in the regular navy are required
to provide their own uniforms and to pay for
subsistence both ashore and afloat.
The Enlisted Personnel.
The enlisted personnel of the navy is of vari-
ous classifications, depending upon their duties.
Entry into the service is usually made in the
lower ratings and the men are advanced upon
the establishment of qualifications for the
higher ratings. The following tables show
the classifications and the base monthly pay
of each rating during the present war as pro-
vided by the act of May 22, 1917:
Chief Petty Officers.
Chief master at arms $77.50
Chief boatswain's mates 61.00
Chief gunners' mates 61.00
Chief turret captains 72.00
Chief quartermasters 61.00
"hief machinists' mates 83.00
Chief electricians 72.00
Chief carpenters' mates 61.00
Chief water tenders 61.00
Chief yeomen 72.00
Chief storekeepers 61.00
Chief pharmacists' mates 72.00
Bandmasters
63.20
aviators and while detailed for duty involving : Chief commissary stewards 83.00
actual flying in aircraft receive the pay and Chief printers 72.00
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
493
Any of the above-named chief petty officers
who has served as such for one year with
credit is given what is known as a "per-
manent appointment," which increases his base
pay to $83 per month.
Petty Officers, First Class.
Master at arms, first class $52.00
Boatswain's mates, first class. . .\ 52.00
Gunners' mates, first class 52.00
Turret captains, first class 61.00
Quartermasters, first class 52.00
Boilermakers 77.50
Machinists' mates, first class 66.50
Coppersmiths 66.50
Shipfitters. first class 66.50
Electricians, first class 61.00
Blacksmiths 61.00
Plumbers and fitters 55.50
Sailmakers' mates 52.00
Carpenters' mates, first class 52.00
Water tenders 52.00
Painters, first class 52.00
Storekeepers, first class 52.00
Pharmacists' mates, first class 52.00
Yeomen, first class 52.00
First musicians 47.60
Commissary stewards 72.00
Ships' cooks, first class 66.50
Bakers, first class 55.50
Printers, first class 52.00
Petty Officers. Second Class.
Master at arms, second class $46.50
Boatswain's mates, second class 46.50
Gunners' mates, second class 46.50
Quartermasters, second class 46.50
Machinists' mates, second class 52.00
Electricians, second class 52.00
Shipfitters. second class 52.00
Oilers 48.70
Carpenters' mates, second class 46.50
Printers, second class 46.50
Painters, second class 46.50
Storekeepers, second class 46.50
Yeomen, second class 46.50
Ships' cooks, second clnss 52.00
Pharmacists' mates, second ci~oa 46.50
Petty Officers, Third Class.
Master at arms, third class $41.00
Coxswains 41.00
Gunners' mates, third class 41 .00
Quartermasters, third class 41.00
Electricians, third class 41.00
Carpenters' mates, third class 41.00
Painters, third class 41.00
Storekeepers, third class '..... 41.00
Yeomen, third class 41.00
Pharmacists' mates, third class 41.00
Seamen, First Class.
Seamen gunners $36.60
Seamen 38.40
Firemen, first class 46.50
Shipwrights 35.50
Musicians, first class 43.20
Ships' cooks, third class 41.00
Bakers, second class 40.50
Hospital apprentice, first class 38.40
Seamen, Second Class.
Seamen, second class $35.90
Firemen, second class 41.00
Musicians, second class 41.00
Buglers 41.00
Ships' cooks, fourth class 35.50
Hospital apprentice, second class 35.90
Seamen, Third Class.
Apprentice seamen S32.60
Firemen, third class 36.20
Landsmen 32.60
Hessmen Branch.
Stewards to commanders in chief $72.00
Cooks to commanders in chief 61.00
Stewards to commandants 72.00
Cooks to commandants 61.00
Cabin stewards 61.00
Cabin cooks /. . 55.50
Wardroom stewards 61.00
Wardroom cooks 55.50
Steerage stewards $46.50
Steerage cooks tl.OQ
Warrant officers' stewards 46.60
Warrant officers' cooks 41.00^
Mess attendants, first class (United
States citizen) 41.00
Mess attendants, second class (United
States citizen) 35.50
attendants, third class (United
States citizen) 37.0O
Mess attendants, first class (not United
States citizen) 38.4O
Mess attendants, second class (not Unit-
ed States citizen) 37.0O
Mess attendants, third class (not United
States citizen) 32.60-
In addition to the pay as provided in the
above tables the following amounts are also
paid monthly to each enlisted man who is
qualified to receive them:
$1.50 for each successive re-enlistment lor
four years within four months of date of
honorable discharge from previous enlistment.
$5.50 for first re-enlistment and $3.30 for
each subsequent re-enlistment, if citizen of the
United States and completed previous enlist-
ment.
$2.20 if a seaman gunner.
$2.20 if a graduate of a petty officers' school.
$5.50 to a steward or cook who holds a cer-
tificate of qualification and is a citizen of
the United States.
83 cents for each good conduct medal a man
holds.
Extra Monthly Compensation.
The following extra monthly compensations
are paid to men who perform the transient
duties specified:
$5 to a seaman in charge of hold.
$5 to a coxswain of a steam or motor launch.
$5 to a captain of a gun's crew.
$5 to a jack-of-the-dust.
$5 to a lamplighter.
$5 to a messman.
From $10 to $30 to a mail clerk, the
amount depending upon the complement of
the ship.
From $2 to $10 to a man who qualifies at
target practice as a gun pointer, the amount
depending upon the caliber of the gun.
From $1 to $3 to a signalman.
From $10 to $20 to a tailor or tailor's
helper, the amount depending upon the com-
plement of ship.
Pay for Special Duties.
For special duties or details the following
compensations are paid:
$1.20 per hour to divers for the actual
time spent under water.
33 cents per day to seamen detailed for duty
as firemen.
$5 per month for submarine service.
$1 per day (but not exceeding $15 per
month) spent submerged in submarine, if
qualified for torpedo work.
A man detained beyond the expiration of
his enlistment receives one-fourth additional
of all pay while so detained.
A man receives a gratuity of four months'
pay if he re-enlists within four months and
presents an honorable discharge from his last
enlistment.
Each enlisted man receives on first enlist-
ment an outfit of clothing: and small stores
free of charge. Any articles subsequently
drawn are issued at cost price.
Enlisted men are subsisted by the govern-
ment. Men on detached duty are furnished
cash in lieu of subsistence.
Men discharged are either furnished trans-
portation to their homes and all expenses while
494
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
en route or are paid 4 cents per mile for the
total number of miles from place of discharge
to their homes.
On board each ship of the navy and at each
station on shore is maintained a commissary
store at which may be purchased at cost price
sucii articles as are usually sold in civilian
stores and shops.
Officers on the retired list receive three-
fourths of their active duty pay.
Enlisted men are retired after 30 years'
service and are paid three-fourths of total
pay and allowances they received at date of
retirement and cash in lieu of quarters and
subsistence.
Officers and men of the naval reserve force
and the national naval volunteers while on
active duty receive the same pay and allow-
ances as those of same rank and length of
service in the regular navy.
When first called into active service in time
of war or national emergency a uniform gra-
tuity of $150 is allowed each officer of the
naval reserve and $60 each enlisted man.
UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY.
Annapolis, Md.
The United States naval academy is a school
for the practical and theoretical training- of
young1 men for the naval service of the United
States. The students are styled midshipmen.
The course of study is
four years. Midship-
men who graduate are
appointed to fill va-
cancies in the lower
grade of the line of
the navy, and occa-
sionally to fill vacan-
cies in the marine
fo\ corps and in certain of
the staff corps of the
navy.
Appointments — Five
midshipmen are al-
lowed for each sena-
tor, representative and
delegate in congress,
five for the District of
Columbia, fifteen each
year from the United
States at large and
100 from enlisted men
of the navy. The appointments from the Dis-
trict of Columbia and from the United States
at large are made by the president. Enlisted
men of the navy are appointed by the secre-
tary of the navy after competitive examination.
One midshipman is allowed from Porto Rico,
who must be a native of that island. The
appointment is made by the president on the
recommendation of the governor of Porto Rico.
Candidates must be actual residents of the
districts from which they are nominated.
Examinations — Two examinations for the ad-
mission of midshipmen are held each year.
The first is held on the third Wednesday in
February and the other on the third Wednes-
day in April under the supervision of the
civil service commission at certain specified
points in each state and territory. All those
qualifying mentally, who are entitled to ap-
pointment in order of nomination, will be
notified by the bureau of navigation, navy de-
partment. Washington, D. C., when to report
at the academy for physical examination, and
if physically qualified will be appointed. Al-
ternates are given the privilege of reporting
for mental examination at the same time as
the principals. Examination papers are all
prepared at the academy and the examinations
of candidates are finally passed upon by the
academic board. Certificates from colleges and
high schools will not be accepted in lieu of the
entrance examinations at the naval academy.
Mental Requirements — Candidates will be ex-
amined in punctuation, spelling, arithmetic, ge-
ography. English grammar. United States his-
tory, world's history, algebra through quad-
ratic equations and plane geometry (five books
of Chauvenet's geometry or an equivalent) .
Physical Requirements— All candidates are re-
quired to be citizens of the United States and
must be not less than 16 years of age nor
more than 20 years of age on April 1 of the
calendar year in which they enter the naval
academy. A candidate is eligible for appoint-
ment the day he becomes 16 and is ineligible
on the day he becomes 20 years of age. Can-
didates are required to be of good moral char-
acter, physically sound, well formed and of
robust constitution. The height of candidates
for admission must not be less than five feet
two inches between the ages of 16 and 18
years, and not less than five feet four inches
between the ages of 18 and 20 years. The
minimum weight at 16 years is 105 pounds,
with an increase of five pounds for each ad-
ditional year or fraction of a year over one-
half. Candidates must be unmarried.
Pay— The pay of a midshipman is $750 a
year, beginning at the date of his admissipn.
Midshipmen must supply themselves with
clothing, books, etc.. the total expense of
which amounts to $350. Traveling expenses
to the academy are paid by the government.
Enlistment — Each midshipman on admission
is required to sign articles by which he binds
himself to serve in the United States navy
during the pleasure of the president of the
United States.
UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY.
West Point. N. Y.
The United States military academy is a
school for the practical and theoretical train-
ing of cadets for the military service of the
United States. When any cadet has completed
the course of three
rears satisfactorily he
is eligible for promo-
tion and commission
as a second lieutenant
in any arm or corps
in the army in which
there may be a va-
cancy, the duties of
which he may have
been judged compe-
tent to perform.
Appointments — Each
congressional district and territory, including
Porto Rico. Alaska and Hawaii, is entitled to
have two cadets at the academy. The District
of Columbia has two. Each state is also en-
titled to have four cadets from the state at
large and eighty-two are allowed from the
United States at large, two of whom are ap-
pointed upon the recommendation of the vice-
president and twenty from among honor grad-
uates of "honor schools." The president is
also authorized to appoint not to exceed 180
men from the regular army and national
guard who have served for one year. The total
number in the academy in September, 1919.
was 909. The appointments from a congres-
sional district are made upon the recommenda-
tion of the representative in congress from
that district and those from the state at largf
upon the recommendations of the senators of
the state. The appointments for the United
States at large are made by the president upon
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
4S5
his own selection. The appointments from the
District of Columbia are made on the recom-
mendation of the district commissioners and
those from Porto Rico on the recommendation
of the resident commissioner. As far as prac-
ticable appointments are made one year in
advance of admission. For each candidate ap-
pointed two alternates should be nominated.
Four cadets from the Philippines are admitted.
Examinations— On the third Tuesday in Feb-
ruary of each year the candidate selected for
appointment must appear for mental and phys-
ical examination before boards of army of-
ficers at such places as the war department
may designate. Candidates who pass will be
admitted to the academy on June 14 following-.
Mental Requirements— Each candidate must
show that he is well versed in algebra, to in-
clude quadratic equations and progressions,
plane geometry. English grammar, composition
and literature, and general and United States
history. Under certain conditions fully ex-
plained in the war department circular of in-
formation relative to the appointment and
admission of cadets, a copy of which may be
obtained upon application to the adjutant of
the academy, candidates may. upon presenta-
tion of satisfactory high school or college
certificates, be excused from the mental exami-
nation.
Physical Requirements— No candidate will be
admitted who is under 17 or over 22 years of
age, or less than five feet four inches in
height at the age of 17, or five feet five
inches at the age of 18 and upward, or who
is deformed or afflicted with any disease or
infirmity which would render him unfit for
military service. Candidates must be unmar-
ried.
Pay— The pay of a cadet is $780 a year and
one ration a day or commutation therefor at
68 cents a day. The total is $1. 028.20 to be-
gin with his admission to the academy. No
cadet is allowed to receive money or other
supplies from his parents or from any other
person without the sanction of the superin-
tendent.
Enlistment— Before receiving: his warrant of
appointment a candidate for admission is re-
quired to sign an agreement to serve in the
army of the United States eight years from
the time of his admission to the academy.
PRISON TERMS FOB SOCIALIST LEADERS.
On March 9, 1918, it was made public that
five of the most prominent socialists in the
country had been indicted by a federal grand
jury in Chicago on Feb. 2. They were:
Victor L. Berger, Milwaukee, former con-
gressman and then candidate for the United
States senate from Wisconsin.
Adolph Germer, Chicago national secretary
of the socialist party.
J. Louis Engdahl, Chicago editor of the
American Socialist.
William F. Kruse, Chicago, of American Lib-
erty Defense league.
Irwin St. John Tucker, Chicago, of "peace
party" fame and author of "The Price We
Pay" and other antiwar literature. ,
The indictments dated back to activities in
opposition to the draft and other alleged ef-
forts to defeat the policies of the government
in connection with the war. The defendants
were accused of disloyalty and obstructing re-
cruiting work and by public utterances and
writings to have interfered with the :
tary plans of the United States. The men
were not indicted as socialists or because oi
their connection with the socialist party, t-acn
was indicted for individual acts alleged to have
beTheCindfcimeednt set forth that the speeches
articles, pamphlets, pictures, etc., were sucn
as persistently dwelt upon the evils and hor-
rors of the war without mentioning any con-
sideration in favor thereof and "upon the de-
sirability and necessity of avoiding and stop-
ping the war and opposing the further prose-
cution thereof at all costs and regardless . of
the patriotic duty of the persons constituting
the military and naval forces of the United
States."
The indictment set forth twenty-six overt
acts alleged to have been done in furtherance
of the unlawful conspiracy. Among these
were the printing and distributing of "Proc-
lamation of War Program" and other pam-
phlets, the printing of different items in the
American Socialist and the Milwaukee Leader.
The defendants were brought t9 trial in the
United States Circuit court, Chicago, before
Judge Kenesaw M. Landis Dec. 6, 1918. The
testimony was concluded Jan. 4. 1919, and
after arguments by counsel the case was given
to the jury on Jan. 9. On the same day the
jurymen returned a verdict finding all the de-
fendants guilty as charged in the indictment.
They were released under $10,000 bonds each
pending the hearing of a motion for a new
trial on Jan. 23. Sentence was withheld by
Judge Landis until that time.
Some delay occurred, but the defendants had
a hearing before Judge Landis the first week
in February. On Feb. 20 he denied a writ
for a supersedeas and sentenced each of the
defendants to twenty years' imprisonment in
the federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kas.
After remaining seven hours in the custody of
the United States marshal the defendants were
released on $25,000 bonds each by Judge Sam-
uel Alschuler in the United States Circuit
Court of Appeals, to which tribunal they had
appealed on a writ of error. Before accepting1
the bonds Judge Alschuler made each of the
defendants give a pledge that neither by word
nor deed would he do any of the things for
which he had been convicted.
MOTOR CARS AND TRUCKS IN THE UNITED
STATES.
On July 1, 1919. there were in the United
States 6.353,233 registered motor cars and
trucks. Estimating their average value at
$1.20Q each, the total value of all the cars
then in use was more than $7,623.879.000.
The cars were distributed among- the states aa
follows:
Ohio 464,826
New York 436,932
Pennsylvania .407,923
Illinois 401.371
California ....349,734
Iowa 276,500
Michigan 273,396
Texas 249,346
Indiana 246.000
Minnesota ....229,570
Wisconsin ....212.490
Massachusetts.31 0.063
Kansas 206,033
Missouri 201,484
Nebraska 183.000
New Jersey. ...144, 763
Washington ..125.219
Oklahoma 124,501
Georgia
South Dakota
Colorado
Connecticut .
Tennessee . . .
115.454
91.808
88.315
85.200
84.000
82,000
Virginia
North Carolina 79.475
Maryland 75,590
Kentucky 75259
North Dakota 73.015
Oregon 65.417
South Carolina 59.000
Alabama 55.403
Montana 53.420
Florida 48.598
Louisiana 46,150
West Virginia 45.019
Maine 43.656
Arkansas 43,238
Mississippi ... 39,399
District of
Columbia .. 37,928
Idaho 35,817
Utah 30.760
NewHampshire 26,230
Rhode Island. 26.112
Total
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
OFFICERS OF THE NAVY AND MARINE CORPS.
Oct. 1. 1919.
Commander-in-chief— President Woodrow Wil- W. S. Smith.
Secretary of the Navy — Josephus Daniels.
Assistant Secretary of the Navy— Franklin D.
Roosevelt.
SECRETARY'S ADVISORY COUNCIL.
The assistant secretary and Admiral W. S.
Benson, chief of naval operations.
Rear-Admiral T. Washington, chief of bureau
of navigation.
Rear-Admiral R. S. Griffin, chief of bureau of
steam engineering1.
Rear-Admiral R. Earle. chief of bureau of
ordnance.
Rear-Admiral W. C. Braisted. chief of bureau
of medicine and surgery.
Rear-Admiral S. MeGowan. chief of bureau of
T. Snowden.
E. R. Stitt.
J. Strauss.
D. W. Taylor.
R. Welles.
H. A. Wiley.
S. S. Wood.
MARINE CORPS.
Commandan t .
Mai .-Gen. George Barnett.
George Barnett.
Major-Generals.
Littleton W. T. Waller.
John A. Lejeune.
Brigadier-Generals.
Wendell C. Neville.
Joseph H. Pendleton.
Cyrus S. Radford.
George Richards.
chief of bureau
of construction and repair.
Rear- Admiral C. W. Parks, chief of bureau of
yards and docks.
Rear-Admiral G. R. Clark, judge-advocate gen-
eral.
Commander P. W. Foote, aid.
Ensign F. Eggert.
Maj.-Gen. Commandant G. Barnett, command-
ant of marine corps.
GENERAL BOARD.
Admiral W. S. Benson, chief of naval opera-
tions.
Admiral H. T. Mayo.
Rear-Admiral F. F. Fletcher.
Rear-Admiral A. G. Winterhalter.
Rear-Admiral C. J. Badger (retired).
Capt. L. A. Cotton.
Lieut.-Comdr. H. F. Kingman (aid).
Lieut.-Comdr. F. L. Sandoz (retired), secretary.
Lieut.-Col. L. C. Lucas (retired) .
JOINT BOARD.
Admiral W. S. Benson.
Rear-Admiral F. F. Fletcher.
Rear-Admiral J. S. McKean.
Rear-Admiral J. H. Oliver.
Rear-Admiral C. J. Badger (retired).
Capt. C. T. Owens.
Lieut.-Comdr. F. L. Sandoz (retired), recorder.
NAVY.
Admirals.
W. S. Benson. H. Rodman.
A. Gleaves. H. B. Wilson.
V ice- Admirals.
W. L. Rogers.
H. P. Jones.
C. S. Williams.
Rear- A dm irals.
E. A. Anderson. J^ A. Hpogewerff.
G. H. Barber.
F. B. Bassett.
W. C. Braisted
M. L. Bristol.
B. C. Bryan.
W. H. G. Bullard.
G. H. Burrage.
W. B. Caperton.
W. L. Capps.
G. R. Clark.
T. J. Cowles.
B. C. Decker.
H. O. Dunn.
Charles L. Dyson.
R. Earle.
E. W. Eberle.
A. F. Fechteler.
W. B. Fletcher.
J. H. Glennon.
A. W. Grant.
C. T. Grayson.
R. S. Griffin.
A. S. Halstead.
J. M. Helm.
W. L. Howard.
C. F. Hughes.
J. L. Jayne.
M. Johnston.
R. M. Kennedy.
T. W. Kinkaid
G. W. Kline.
H. S. Knapp.
A. T. Long.
D. J. McDonald.
S. MeGowan.
J. S. McKean.
A. P. Niblack.
H. P. Norton.
J. H. Oliver.
J. W. Oman.
C. W. Parks.
C. J. Peoples.
C. P. Plunkett.
A. R. Robertson.
S. F. Robinson.
H. H. Rousseau.
A. H. Scales.
W. S. Sims.
Albertus W. Cathn.
Eli K. Cole.
C. H. Lauchheimer.
Charles G. Long.
Charles L. McCawley.
UNITED STATES FLEETS AND STATIONS.
Oct. 1, 1919.
Atlantic Fleet— Commander-in-chief, Admiral H.
B. Wilson (flag. Pennsylvania).
Battle Ship Squadron Two— Commander. Vice-
Admiral H. P. Jones (flag. Connecticut).
Battle Ship Squadron Three— Commander. Ad-
miral H. B. Wilson (flag. Pennsylvania).
Cruiser Division One— Commander. Rear-Admiral
E. A. Anderson (flag. Huntington).
Destroyer Squadron Three (active)— Command-
er. Rear-Admiral C. P. Plunkett (flag.
Rochester) .
Destroyer Squadron One (reserve)— Command-
er. Rear-Admiral C. P. Plunkett (flag. Ches-
Mine Detachment— Commander. Rear-Admiral
J. Strauss (flag, San Francisco).
Train— Commander. Rear-Admiral H. McL. P.
Huse (flag. Columbia).
Pacific Fleet— Commander-in-chief, Admiral H.
Rodman (flag. New Mexico).
Battle Ship Squadron One— Commander. Vice-
Admiral C. S. Williams (flag. Vermont).
Battle Ship Squadron Four— Commander. Ad-
miral H. Rodman (flag. New Mexico).
Cruiser Division Two— Commander, Capt. J. R.
Y. Blakely (flag-, Seattle).
Destroyer Squadron Four (active) — Command-
er. Rear- Admiral H. A. Wiley (flag; Birming-
ham).
Destroyer Squadron Two (reserve)— Command-
er, Rear-Admiral H. A. Wiley (flag-, Salem).
Train — Commander, Rear-Admiral S. S. Wood
(flag. Minneapolis).
United States Naval Forces in European Wa-
ters—Commander, Rear-Admiral H. S. Knapp
(flag, Chattanooga).
United States Asiatic Fleet — Commander-in-
chief. Admiral A. Gleaves (flag. South Da-
kota) .
NAVAL TRAINING STATIONS.
Newport, R. I.— Capt. E. H. Campbell, com-
manding.
Pelham Bay Park. N. Y.— Capt. J. W. Tim-
mons. commanding.
Hampton Roads, Va. — Capt. M. W. Crose. com-
mandant.
Great Lakes, El.— Rear-Admiral F. B. Bassett.
commandant.
San Francisco, Cal. — Capt. H. B. Price, com-
mandant.
UNITED STATES NAVY YARDS.
Washington. D. C.— Rear-Admiral A. W. Grant,
commandant.
Boston, Mass. — Rear-Admiral S. F. Robinson,
commandant.
Portsmouth, N. H.— Rear-Admiral C. J. Boush.
commandant.
New York. N. Y.— Rear-Admiral J. D. Mc-
Donald, commandant.
Philadelphia, Pa.— Rear-Admiral C. F. Hughes,
commandant.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
407
Norfolk, Va.— Capt. B. P. Hutchison, com-
mandant.
Charleston. S. C.— Rear-Admiral B. C. Bryan.
Commandant.
Mare Island, Cal.— Capt. E. L. Beach, com-
mandant.
Bremerton. Wash. — Capt. H. A. Field, com-
mandant.
ARMAMENT OF BIG FIGHTING SHIPS
The United States battle cruisers when built
will, unless the plans are changed, carry eight
16-inch and fourteen 6-inch guns each. The
latest battle ships are armed with from twelve
14-inch to twelve 16-inch guns. The battle
ships built between 1902 and 1910 have four
12-inch and eight 8-inch guns, while those in
commission built since then have from eight
12-inch to twelve 14-inch guns. The armored
cruisers are armed chiefly with 8-inch, 10-inch
and 6-inch guns.
PERSONNEL OF U. S. NAVY.
In October, 1918. the strength of the vari-
ous branches of the naval service was as fol-
lows:
Service. Men. Officers. Total.
Regular navy 218.322 9,411 227,733
Naval reserve force.... 270.424 19,619 290.043
Marine corps 66.105 2.271 68.376
Coast guard 6,106 665 6,771
Total officers and
men 560.957 31,966 592,923
By Oct. 1. 19.19. the number of enlisted men
had been cut down to 191,000. In the naval
appropriation act approved July 11, 1919, it
•was provided:
"The total authorized enlisted strength of
the active list of the navy is hereby tempo-
rarily increased from 131,485 during the pe-
riod from July 1. 1919, to Sept. 30. 1919, to
241.000 men. and from Oct. 1, 1919, to Dec.
31. 1919. to 191.000 men. and from Jan. 1.
1920, to June 30, 1920, to 170.000 men, and
the president is hereby authorized, whenever in
fcis judgment a sufficient national emergency
exists, to increase the authorized enlisted
strength of the navy to 191,000 men, and the
secretary of the navy is hereby authorized to
call to or continue on active service on strictly
naval duties, with their consent, such numbers
of the male members and nurses of the naval
reserve force in enlisted ratings as may be
necessary to supply deficiencies to maintain the
total authorized strength for the periods herein
authorized. The foregoing total authorized
strength shall include the hospital corps, ap-
prentice seamen, those sentenced by court-
martial to discharge, enlisted men of the fly-
ing corps, those under instruction in trade
schools, and members of the naval reserve
force so serving. That during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1920, no member of the naval
reserve force shall be recalled to active duty
for training or any other purpose except as
hereinbefore provided : Provided, That the aver-
age number of commissioned, officers of the
line, permanent, temporary and reserves on
active duty, shall not exceed during the pe-
riods aforesaid. 4 per centum of the total
temporary authorized enlisted strength of the
regular and temporary navy, and members of
the naval reserve force in enlisted ratings on
active duty, and the number of staff officers
shall be in the same proportion as provided
under existing- law: Provided further. That
nothing herein shall be construed as affecting
the permanent, commissioned or enlisted
strength of the regular navy as authorized by
existing law."
UNITED STATES NAVAL STATIONS.
Cavite. P. I.
Newport, R. I.
Guantauamo bay, Olongapo, P. I.
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
San Juan. P. R.
Tutuila, Samoa. «
Virgin islands.
Cuba.
Guam.
Key West, Fla.
New London, Conn.
New Orleans, La.
SUBMARINE BASES.
Cavite. P. I. New London, Conn.
Coco Solo. C. Z. Pearl Harbor. Hawaii.
Hampton Roads, Va. San Pedro, Cal.
Key West, Fia.
TORPEDO STATIONS.
Alexandria. Va. Keyport, Wash.
Newport, R. I.
B
Name.
Alabama
A.TTLI
Built.
1900
1917
1912
SHIPS OF TE
: SHIPS.
tTons. $ Speed.
11,552 17.01
34,400 21.0
26,000 21.0
32,300 21.0
32.600 21.0
16,000 18.78
20,000 21.56
21,825 21.04
14.948 19.2
32.000 21.0
11,552 17.45
10,288 15.55
11.340 17.1
16,000 18.1
11,520 16.8
11.520 16.9
16,000 18.82
12.500 18.0
32,600 21.0
10,288 16.21
16.000 18.79
16,000 18.85
32,000 21.0
12,500 18.15
43,200 23.0
14,948 19.06
27,500 20.53
16,000 18.16
14,948 19.18
32,000 21.0
IE UNI
Oct. 1
§Men.
592
1,630
1,594
1,630
1,630
1,304
1,384
11,384
812
1,600
861
851
886
1,333
883
883
1,305
960
1,600
851
1,156
1,323
1,600
1,098
i.iis
1,598
1,344
1,118
1,560
FED STATES NA
1919.
Name. *
New York
North Carolina 1).
North Dakota...
Ohio
VY.
Built.
1914
igio
1904
1915
1896
1916
1906
1910
19A3
1911
1907
tTons. t Speed.
27,000 21.47
43,200 23.0
20,000 21.01
12,500 17.82
27,500 20.58
10,288 16.79
31,400 21.05
14.948 19.01
16,000 18.86
43,200 23.0
32,300 21.0
27,000 21.05
21.825 21.04
16,000 18.33
14.948 19.01
32.600 21.0
32,600 21.0
11,552 17.17
26,000 22.22
CRUISERS.
9,700 22.04
13,680 22.41
13,680 22.15
14.500 22.26
14,500 21.91
13,680 22.44
13.680 22.24
9.700 22.13
14,500 22.27
13,680 22.24
§Men.
1,546
1,286
960
1,628
851
1,560
1,142
1,356
1,628
1,384
1,344
1,143
'834
1,594
795
1,125
1,125
1,151
1,151
1,125
1,125
799
1,151
1.125
Arizona
Arkansas
California!!
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island
South Carolina..
South Dakota))..
Tennessee ||
Texas
Colorado ||
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
19Q6
1910
1911
1906
1919
1901
1895
1897
1907
1899
1899
1906
1902
Idaho
Illinois
Utah ... .
Iowa ...
Vermont
Virginia . .
Kearsarge
Washington II ...
West Virginia!)..
Wisconsin
d9oi
1912
ORED
1906
190.",
1905
1908
1908
1905
1905
1906
1906
1907
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine ....
Wyoming
ARM
Charleston . .
Frederick
Huntington ....
Montana
North Carolina.
Pittsburgh
Pueblo
St. Louis
Maryland!)
Massachusetts ..
Michigan
1896
1910
1907
1917
1903
1907
1915
1908
1906
1918
Mississippi
Missouri . .
Montana II
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire.
New Jersey
New Mexico
Seattle
South Dakota...
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOB 1920.
CBUISEBS— I
Name. *Built.
'IBST CLASS.
fTons. iSpeed. §Men.
9.215 21.91 702
8.200 21.0 627
:COND CLASS.
4,500 19.0 433
7.350 22.80 480
7.350 23.07 489
5,865 21.69 439
'HIBD CLASS.
3.430 20.53 338
2,089 18.9 275
3.750 24.33 422
3,200 16.65 311
3.750 26.52 404
3.183 19.91 329
3,200 16.45 311
3.200 16.75 330
3.200 16.65 330
3,200 16.41 349
§.430 20.00 338
.183 21.12 294
3,750 25.95 404
3.200 16.58 311
cement. $ Knots. §In-
er construction or au-
CBUISEBS.
Tons. Speed.
35.300 35.0
35,300 35.0
35.300 35.0
Name.
Sreene
Tons.
1,215
1,165
1,185
1,185
1,154
1,213
1,185
1,185
1,185
742
1,213
1,185
1,215
1,185
742
742
742
1,185
1,154
1,154
1,185
1,213
1,185
1 215
1,165
Name. Tons.
Stevens 1,189
Rochester H893
CBUISEBS— SI
Chicago 1887
Columbia 1893
Gridley .
Stribling l',l85
Stringham "l 185
Hale
Haraden
Talbot 1,165
Talbot, J Fred 1 165
Minneapolis .... 1894
OlymDia 1894
Hart
Hazlewood ....
Henley
Tarbell l!l62
Tatnall d 213
Taylor . 1 152
CBUISEBS—1]
Albany 1900
Hopewell
Ingraham
Terry '744
Thatcher 1 185
Anniston 1893
Ingram
Thomas 1,213
Birmingham .... 1908
Chattanooga .... 1904
Chester 1908
Jenkins
Jouett
Thornton 1,215
Tingey 1,215
Trippe 740
Cincinnati 1894
Cleveland 1903
Denver 1904
Kalk
Kennison
Kilty
Twiggs 1,211
Upshur 1,165
Wadsworth .... 1,060
Wainwright ... 1,150
Walke 742
Walker 1,185
Ward 1,154
Galveston 1904
New Orleans 1898
Baleigh 1893
Salem 1908
Kimberley
Lamberton
LaYisdale
Laub
Lea
Tacoma 1904
•'Completed. fDispla
eluding- officers. UUnc
thorized.
BATTLE
Name.
Constellation
Saratoga
Little
Luce
Ludlow
MacDonough . .
Mackenzie ....
Maddox
Mahan
1,185
1,165
1,185
400
1.185
1,185
1,135
1,085
1,185
742
742
1,215
1,215
1,215
1,020
1,185
1,185
1,215
1,185
742
1,213
1.215
1.185
1.185
1,050
1,050
1,815
1,036
742
740
742
1,154
1,090
1,213
1,213
1.165
1.185
1,185
1.185
1,185
746
Waters '.'.'.'. 1,165
Wickes 1,154
Wilkes 1 100
Williams 1 185
Winslow 1,053
Woolsey 1154
Yarnall 1,165
Lebanon (am-
munition
Banger 35.300 35.0
Constitution 35.300 35.0
United States 35,300 35.0
Note— No start had been made on the battle
cruisers up to Oct. 1, 1919. The plans for
their construction were being- revised.
MONITOBS.
Name. Tons. Speed.
Amphitrite 3,990 10.50
Cheyenne 3.225 11.80
Monadnock 3,990 11.63
Monterey 4,084 13.60
McCall
McCalla
McCook
McDermut ....
McDougal
ship) 3,285
Mallard 1 009
Oriole 1,009
Ortolan 1,009
Osprey .. 1 009
Owl l'.009
McKee
Partridge 1,009
Patapgco 755
Patuxent 755
Pelican 1,009
Penguin 1.009
Pigeon 1.009
Prometheus ...12,585
McLanahan ...
Meredith
Monaghan
Montgomery ...
Morris
Tonopah
TOBPEDO VESS3
In commission
Name. Tons.
Aaron Ward ... 1.154
Abbott 1.213
Allen 1.071
3,225 12.40
3,225 13.04
3L DESTBOYEBS.
L Oct. 1, 1919.
Name. Tons.
Chester
Chew 1,185
Cole 1.165
Calhoun 1.185
Murray
Nicholson
O'Brien
Palmer
Parker
Quail 1,009
Rail 1,009
Robin 709
Samoa
Sanderling- 1,009
San Francisco
(mine depot
ship) 4.083
|ea Gull 1,009
Shawmut
Patterson .....
Paulding-
Philip
Porter
Anthony 1,185
Aylwin 1.036
Badger 1.165
Bailey 1,215
Conner 1,121
Conyngham .... 1,090
Cowell 1,185
Crane 1,185
Badford
Bamsay
Bathburne
Renshaw
Snail 1.009
Supply 4.325
Swallow 1.009
Swan 1.009
Balch 1.036
Ballard 1,215
Bancroft 1,215
Barney 1,165
Beale 742
Craven 1,085
Crosby 1,185
Crowninshield... 1,154
Cummings 1,020
Cushing 1,050
Pinggold
Rizal
Rochester
Roe
Teal 1,009
Tern 1,009
Thrush 1.009
Turkey 1,009
Belknap 1,215
Bell 1.184
Benham 1,036
Bernadou 1.165
Biddle . 1 165
Davis 1,071
Delphy 1,215
Dent ... .. 1,165
Dorsey 1.165
Roper
Sampson
Schley
«h a, w
1.165
1.120
1.125
1.180
1.115
1,215
1.180
70?
1.185
745
TRAW
Vestal (repair
ship) 12.585
Vesuvius (tor-
pedo practice
ship) 930
Whippoorwill .! 1.009
Widg-eon 1,009
Bittern . . 1.009
PTinbnck
Blakely . . . 1 165
S's-onrney
Smith
Boggs 1,154
Dupont 1 165
Breckenridge .. 1,165
Breese 1 213
Dyer 1 185
Snroston
Woodcock 1,009
LERS.
Duffy, Sam
Edwards 1,215
Elliot 1 165
Sterett
Buchanan 1,154
Burns 1,185
Buckley. Thos.
Blackhorn, Thos.
Caldwell, Wm..
SI
Culgoa
Ellis 1.165
Bush . ..1.185
Caldwell 1.085
Cassin 1,020
Evans 1,154
Lantry. Thos
Fairfax 1.154
JPPLT SHIPS.
fVlti/»
Fanning- 742
Poote 1.185
Gamble 1,213
Champlin 1.185
Chauncey 1,215 '
Bappahannock..
Glacier ..
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
SUBMARINES.
There were eighty-six submarines in commis-
sion in the United States navy Oct. 1. 1919.
They are not named but are distinguished by
letters and numbers, as B-l. C-5, etc.
GUNBOATS.
In commission Oct. 1. 1919.
Name. Tons. Name. Tons.
Dolphin 1,486 Sacramento 1.422
Name. Tons.
Sagamore . . 1 000
Name. Tons.
Tatnuck . .
Sonoma
Uncas 441
Sea Rover
Undaunted 450
Wando 575
Standish 450
Tapousac ...... .
Wompatuck «. 462
TUGS.
Penacook . . 232
YARD
Accomac 187
Alida
Rapido 186
Elcano 620
Helena .. .. 1,392
Samar 245
Topeka 2,250
Green. Howard. 241
Samoset 225
Machias 1 177
Vicksburg 1,010
Villalobos .. 370
Hiawatha 164
Sotoyomo 230
Tecumseh 231
Traffic 417
Monocacy 190
Palos 190
Wheeling 990
Lively 296
Wilmington .... 1,392
PORTS.
Luckenbach.K.I.18,000
Luckenbach.
Katrina
Massasoit 202
Modoc 241
Transfer 684
Unadilla 355
Vigilant 300
TRANS
Aeolus ...
Mohawk 4°0
Narketta 192
Nyack 155
^-hneta 192
America 13 637
Amphion
Pawtucket 225
COLLIERS— I
Abarenda 6.880
TTEL SHIPS.
Nanshan 5,140
Neptune * 19,480
Arcadia
Ma rtha Washing-
ton
Arizonian .19,419
Artemis
Canandaigua ... 7,620
Cap Finisterre
Mobile
Caesar
Montpelier
Cuyama
Nereus
DeKalb
Mount Vernon.,29,650
Ohioan 14,375
Fuel oil ship
Orion 19.250
Finland
Pn stores
Saturn 4 840
DESTROYED
Black Hawk... 13. 320
Bridgeport
Buffalo 6 000
. TENDERS.
Leonidas 4.025
Melvill* 7.150
George Washing-
ton
Graf Waldersee
Plattsburg 15,390
Pocahontas 10,899
Harrisburg 15.HOO
Henderson 10.000
Imperator 10.000
Pretoria
Prinz Friedrich
Wilhelm
Dixie 6,114
TENDERS TO
Alert 1,110
Prairie 6,620
SUBMARINES.
Fulton 1,408
Radnor
Kaiserin Augusta
Beaver
Bushnell 3,580
Rainbow 4.360
Savannah 10,800
Koningen d e r
Nederlanden .
Santa Malta. ...17.837
Santa Rosa
Camden
HOSPITA
Comfort
L SHIPS.
Solace 5,700
Kroonland °2 ?00
Panta Teresa
Sierra 10 000
TYPES.
Eagle No. 23.. 615
Eagle No. 24
Leviathan 15 000
Sol Navis . .
SPECIAL
Aroostook 4,413
Auk 1,009
Ed. F. Lucken-
Von Steuben
CONVERTE
Carols IV
Isabel
D YACHTS.
P.smlik
Baltimore (mine
depot ship)... 5,484
Bittern 1,009
Eag-le No. 27..
Eagle No. 28
Eagle No. 29
May 1,000
Pirlia
Bobolink 1,009
Eagle No. 30
Mayflower 2.690
Svlph 152
Vixen 806
Wasn 630
Cardinal 1,009
Eagle No. 32
Eagle No. 33
Chewink 1.009
Eambler Yankton 975
TUGS.
Allegheny .... 1000 TTapfcptt F "R
Curlew 1 009
Ea^le No 35
Cuyama 14,500
Eagle No 36 .
Eagle No. 1.... 615
Eag-le No. 2.... 615
Eagle No. 3.... 615
Eag-le No. 11.. 615
Eagle No. 13.. 615
Eagle No 14
Eagle No. 37
Eagle No. 38
Eagle No. 39
Eider 1.009
Falcon 1.009
Finch 1 009
Iroquois 702
Arapahoe 900
I vkens
Barneerat 900
Mohave . 575
Challenge
Mohican
Montank 800
Concord
Moosehead 710
Nahant
Eag-le No. 15
Eagle No. 16.. 615
Ea°-le No 17
Flamingo 1.009
Gannet .. 1 009
Ontario
Orebe 1 009
Dreadnaught
Osborne. Chas.S.
Osceola 571
Eas-le No 18 ...
F<-ron 1 009
Eagle No. 10
Eas-le No. 20
Eagle No. 21
Eagle No. 22
Kingfisher 1.000
Lanwing 1 009
General Alava.. 1,115
Penobscot
Piscataqua 854
Potomac 785
L,ark 1,009
Goliah .
VESSELS IN NAVY NOV. 1. 1918.
[From summary in navy year-book for 1917-1918.]
Type No. *Tons.
Battle ships, single caliber 16 403.450
Battle ships, mixed caliber 23 308,146
Armored cruisers 8 111.900
Monitors 7 24.964
Cruisers, first class 4 36.766
Subtotal, armored ships.... 58 885.°°,5
Cruisers, second class 4 25.065
Cruisers, third class 15 47.8°0
Destroyers 93 94.583
Type. No. *Tons.
Coast torpedo vessels 15 6.275
Torpedo boats 17 3.146
Submarines 79 29,886
^-nnboats 37 34.410
Patrol vesselst 2 1.000
Submarine chasers 300 23.100
Subtotal unarmored fight-
in? ships 562 265.285
Tenders 17 98,860
500
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Type. No.
Mine sweepers! 14
Converted yachtst 12
Transports 5
Supply shirs 5
Hospital ships 6
Fuel ships 21
Special service 13
*Tons.
13,300
8,711
57,295
33,900
34,097
248,989
83.891
Type.
Tugs
Unserviceable for war.
No.
50
15
'Tons.
22,573
43.356
Subtotal, nonfighting ships. 158 644.971
Total 778 1,795,481
'Displacement. tDoes not include com-
mandeered or chartered vessels.
RELATIVE STANDING OF THE WORLD'S NAVTES.
[From table prepared ty the bureau of navigation, navy department, Feb. 4, 1919.
Battle ships
^-Great Britain.-^ ,
No. Tons.
55 1.103,900
9 205,500
24 . 300,150
73 296.045
32 8.590
369 350.020
34 9.576
140 O)
—United States.-^
No. Tons.
39 711,596
"8 I'll. 900
13 55.160
4 12.900
105 109,060
*84 32.1 76
, G
No.
30
1
29
Germany. .,
Tons.
464.777
27.000
127,629
f Japan . s
No. Tons.
13 273.427
7 152,950
12 113,242
9 34,845
Battle cruisers
Cruisers
Light cruisers
Coast defense vessels.
Destroyers
173
101
116
41.800
18.857
116.545
65
24
16
37,177
2.984
3.414
Submarines
Total ...
736
2,273.781
253
13
46
'io
237
1,032.792
485.600
•211.416
63.966
286.779
450
22
53
54
64
826.637
56,000
146
34
618,039
128.000
Building1 or projected
4
21
115
164.800
125.235
141.855
Light cruisers
'16.666
7
<>' *9
' 14
24,500
'11,766
(7)
Submarines
79
66.871
»83
68.694
3 4.800
ii
3,000
(l)
Total
219
'NO.
18
498.761
France. s
Tons.
338,976
349 1,116.389
f Russia. ^
No. Tons.
13 220,502
13
'NO.
11
96.800
-Italy. ,
Tons.
177.350
24 167.200
Austria-
/ — Hungary. — x
No. Ton-s.
11 138,501
Battle cruisers..
18
1
185.957
2.421
12
93,050
5
6
1
47
96
78
45.696
19.538
1.630
34.950
15,148
(?) 21.645
8
*2i
50
12
21,452
ll',57i
10,397
3,465
Light cruisers
Coast defense vessels.
Destroyers
65
79
58
37.505
7.312
22.026
100
44
67.180
i'9',533
Submarines
Total 239
Building1 or projected.
Battleships r- i
594.197
124.150 I
* 83.600 )
169
1
400,265
27,300
248
(?)315.977
102
4
185,386
96.452
Battle cruisers .
4
8
17
130,200
57.600
21,650
'16
4
6
19,950
Light cruisers
Destroyers
1
890
19.435
640
3.399
Submarines
8
O)
1
650
11
Total
14
125,000
31
237.400
31
23.474
10
116.402
aUnknown. 2Four authorized, not laid down. sOne laid down. 4Not laid down. 5Laid
down; tonnage unknown. "Four mine laying cruisers laid down. 7Tonnage unknown. "In-
cluding" nine not laid down.
Notes — Battle ships, battle cruisers, cruisers,
light cruisers and coast defense vessels over
twenty years of age not included. Torpedo
boat destroyers, torpedo boats and submarines
over fifteen years of age not included.
German vessels surrendered to the allies not
included in the above compilation. Russian
vessels in the hands of the Germans not in-
cl"d°d in German or Russian figures.
The entire navy of Austria-Hungary, accord-
ing to the best information on file in the
bureau, is in the hands of the Jugo Slavs. The
ships are being paid off and rendered harmless.
The warship construction of the Russian
navy has ceased and little work has been done
since June. 1917.
While Germany ranks third according to
tonnage, her real position, according to fight-
ing ships and gun power, is fifth.
The Turkish navy is in the hands of the
allies.
LIBRARY OF
The library of congress was established in
1800 in the city of Washington, D. C. It was
burned in 1814, and in 1851 lost 35,000
volumes by fire. The present library building,
which cost S6. 347,000, was opened to the pub-
lic in November, 1897. It is located a short
distance east of the capitol and is the largest
and finest building of its kind in the world.
June 30. 1916, the library contained 2,451.-
974 books and pamphlets, 154.200 maps. 770,-
248 pieces of music and 392,905 photographs,
CONGRESS.
prints, engravings and lithographs. The copy-
right office is a, distinct division of the library
with its own force of employes. The total
number of employes in the library is 551 and
the annual cost of maintenance is now about
$850. 000, including- $200,000 for printing and
binding.
The librarian of congress is Herbert Putnam,
salary. S6.500: chief assistant librarian, Ap-
pleton P. C. Griffin. $4,000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
501
(Srcat JE2Rar.
War began— Aug. 1, 1914.
Armistice sigrned— Nov. 11, 1918.
Duration of war — i years. 3 months, 11 days.
United States entered— April 6. 1917.
Paris peace conference began— Jan. 18. 191P.
German peace treaty signed— June 28, 1919.
Austrian peace treaty signed— Sept. 10. 1919.
Nations involved — 27.
Killed to Nov 11. 1918—7,450.200.
Cash cost to April 30, 1919— $186,000,-
000.000.
NATIONS DIRECTLY INVOLVED.
UNITED STATES
GREAT BRITAIN
CANADA
INDIA
AUSTRALIA
NEW ZEALAND
SOUTH AFRICA
FRANCE
RUSSIA
BELGIUM
SERBIA
MONTENEGRO
GERMANY JAPAN
AUSTRIA-HUNGABT I .... •{ ITALY
TURKEY f V8> ROUMANIA
BULGARIA PORTUGAL
CUBA
PANAMA
GREECE
LIBERIA
CHINA
SAN MARINO
SIAM
BRAZIL
GUATEMALA
COSTA RICA
NICARAGUA
HAITI
DECLARATIONS OF WAR.
Austria against Belgium, Aug. 28, 1914
Austria against Japan, Aug. 27, 1914
Austria against Montenegro, Aug 9 1914
Austria against Russia, Aug. 6, i914
Austria against Serbia, July 28, 1914
Brazil against Germany, Oct. 26, 1917
Bulgaria against Roumania, Sept. 1, 1916
Bulgaria against Serbia, Oct. 14. 1915.
China against Austria, Aug. 14, 1917
China against Germany. Aug. 14. 1917.
Costa Rica against Germany and Austria-Hun-
gary, May 24, 1918.
Cuba against Germany, April 7, 1917
Cuba against Austria, Dec. 16, 1917. '
Prance against Austria. Aug. 12, 1914.
France against Bulgaria, Oct. 16, 1915.
France against Germany, Aug. 3, 1914
France against Turkey, Nov. 5, 1914
Germany against Belgium, Aug. 4, 1914.
Germany against France, Aug. 3, 1914
Germany against Portugal, March 9, 1916.
Germany against Roumania, Aug. 28. 1916.
Germany against Russia, Aug. 1, 1914.
Great Britain against Austria, Aug. 13. 1914
Great Britain against Bulgaria, Oct. 15, 1915.
Great Britain against Germany. Aug. 4, 1914.
Great Britain against Turkey, Nov. 5, 1914.
Greece against Bulgaria, Nov. 23, 1916 (pro-
visional government ) .
Greece against Bulgaria, July 2, 1917 (gov-
ernment of Alexander).
Greece against Germany, Nov. 28, 1916 (pro-
visional government ) .
Greece against Germany, July 2. 1917 (gov-
ernment of Alexander).
Guatemala against Germany, April 21, 1918.
Haiti against Germany, July 12. 1918.
Honduras against Germany, July 19, 1918.
Italy against Austria, May 24, 1915.
Italy against Bulgaria, Oct. 19. 1915.
Italy against Germany, Aug. 28, 1916.
Italy against Turkey, Aug. 21. 1915.
Japan against Germany, Aug. 23, 1914.
Liberia against Germany. Aug. 4, 1917.
Montenegro against Austria, Aug. 8, 1914.
Montenegro against Germany, Aug. 9, 1914.
Nicaragua against Austria, May 6. 1918.
Nicaragua against Germany, May 7, 1918.
Panama against Germany, April 7, 1917.
Panama against Austria, Dec. 10. 1917.
Portugal against Germany, Nov. 23, 1914 (res-
olution passed authorizing military interven-
tion as ally of England).
Portugal against Germany, May 19, 1915 (mil-
itary aid granted).
Roumania against Austria, Aug. 27, 1916
(allies of Austria also consider it a declara-
tion).
Russia against Bulgaria, Oct. 19, 1915.
Russia against Turkey, Nov. 3. 1914.
San Marino against Austria, May 24. 1915.
Serbia against Bulgaria, Oct. 16, 1915.
Serbia against Germany. Aug. 6, 1:
1914.
Serbia against Turkey, Dec. 2, 1914.
Siam against Austria, July 22. J917.
Si am against Germany, July 22. 1917.
Turkey against allies, Nov. 11. 1914.
Turkey against Roumania, Aug. 29. 1916.
United States against Germany, April 6. 1917.
United States against Austria-Hungary, Dec.
7. 1917.
SEVERANCE OP DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS
Austria with Japan, Aug-. 26. 1914.
Austria with Portugal. March 16. 1916.
Austria with Serbia. July 26, 1914.
Austria with United States. April 8. 1917.
Belgium with Turkey. Oct. 30. 1914.
Bolivia with Germany. April 14, 1917.
Brazil with Germany. April 11. 1917.
China with Germany. March 14, 1917.
Costa Rica with Germany. Sept. 21. 1917.
Ecuador with Germany. Dec. 7, 1917.
Egypt with Germany, Aug. 13, 1914.
France with Austria. Aug. 11. 1914.
France with Turkey. Oct. 30. 1914.
Germany with Italy. May 23, 1918.
Great Britain with Turkey. Oct. 30. 1914.
Greece with Turkey. July 2, 1917 (government
of Alexander) .
Greece with Austria, July 2. 1917 (government
of Alexander) .
Guatemala with Germany, April 27. 1917.
Haiti with Germany. June 16. 1917.
Honduras with Germany. May 17. 1917.
Japan with Austria. Aug. 25, 1914.
Liberia with Germany, May 8. 1917.
Nicaragua with Germany, May 18, 1917.
Peru with Germany. Oct. 5. 1917.
Roumania with Bulgaria. Aug. 30. 1916.
Russia with Bulgaria. Oct. 5, 1915.
Russia with Turkey. Oct. 30. 1914.
Turkey with United States. April 20, 1917.
United States with G<°nnany. Feb. 3. 1917.
Uruguay with Germany. Oct. 7. 1917.
SURRENDER DATES.
Russia to Germany and her allies, Dec. 16,
1917.
Roumania to Germany (treaty signed). May
Bulgaria to France and allies, Sept. 29. 1918.
Turkey to Britain and allies. Oct. 30. 1918.
Austria-Hungary to allies and United States.
Nov. 3, 1918.
Germany to allies and United States, Nov. 11
1918.
502
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORLD WAR.
BY COL. LEONARD P. AYRES.
^ok^ftki?* a9 the most reliable and UP date available,
i taking- ?s tney have been subjected to repeated check-
ing1 and revision. 1
fin response to a reauest by
Baker, secretary of war. for a stock taking-
of the efforts made and the results achieved
by the United States in the war," Col. Leonard
P. Ayres. chief of Che statistics branch of the
g-eneral staff, collected, classified and published.
on May 31. 1919, the most important official
data relating: to American participation in the
t"bJ
European war. It should be noted that the
facts relate chiefly to the activities of the war
department and that some of the figrures.
especially relating" to casualties, have been
modified by later developments. Most of the
facts and figures, however are to be accepted
AMERICAN EFFORT IN WAR.
Total armed forces
Total men in the army
Men who went overseas
Men who foug-ht in France...
Greatest number sent in one
month
Greatest number returning- in
one month
4.800.000
4.000.000
2.086.000
1.390.000
306,000
333. OOO
tfew York
Ohio
Texas
Michigan
Massachusetts
Missouri
California
Indiana
Hew Jersey
Minnesota
Iowa
Wisconsin
Georgia
Oklahoma
Tennessee*
Kentucky
Alabama
Virginia*
N. Carolina
Louisiana
Arkansas
I. Virginia
Mississippi
S. Carolina
Connecticut
Hebraska
Maryland
Washing ton
Uoatana
Colorado
Florida
Oregon
S. Dakota
N. Dakota
Rhode Island
Porto Bico
Diet, of Col*
H. Hampshire
Hew Mexico
Wyoming
Arizona
6.68
7.93
Per cent
19.79
161 065
135,485
132,610
128,544
112,514
106,581
105,207
99| 116
98,781
98 211
85,506
80*169
75; 825
75,043
74 I 678
73,062
73,003
65 988
63)428
61,027
55,777
54,295
53 482
47,054
45,154
36 293
34,393
33,331
30,116
29 686
25,603
24,252
16,861 H.45
16,538 • .44
15,930 «.42
14 374 • .38
.33
Ari
Vermont
Delaware
Hawaii
Nevada
Alaska
A.B.F.
Hot allocated
Philippines
Total 3, 757 ,"624
TABLE SHOWS NUMBER OF
12,439
11V393
10,492
9)336
7^484
5 644-
5jl05 i.14
2,1-02 1.06
1,499 1.04
1,318 1.04
255 I .01
wnonAL ARMY
77%
.30
.28
.25
.20
.15
TOTAL FOR WAR
SOLDIERS FURNISHED BY EACH STATE. DIAGRAM!
SHOW SOURCES OF ARMY IN APRIL, 1917. AND TOTAL FOR THE WAR.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
503
Tons of supplies shipped to
France
Total registered in draft
Total draft inductions
Greatest number inducted in
one month
Graduates of line officers' train-
ins: school
Cost of
Cost of
7.500.000
24.234.021
2.810.296
400.000
80.468
EkE -
war to April 30." 1919 .'S21.850.000OOO
1919 ........................ 813.930.000.000
Battles fousrht by American
troops
Months of American •participa-
tion in the war
Days of battle
Days of duration of Meuse-Ar-
gonne battle
Americans in Meuse-Arsonne
battle
American casualties in Meuse-
Arsronne battle
American battle deaths in war
American wounded in war. . . .
American deaths from disease.
Totals deaths in the army
13
19
200
47
1.200.000
100
000
56.000
56.991
112.422
SOURCES OF THE ARMY.
When war was declared there were only 200,-
000 men in the army. Two-thirds of these
were regulars and one-thud national sruards-
men who had been called into the federal
eervice for duty on the Mexican border. When
ihe war ended this force had been increased to
twenty times its size and 4.000.000 men had
eerved. More than half a million came in
through the regular army. Almost 400.000
more or nearly 10 per cent entered through
the national guard. More than three-quarters
of all came in through the selective service
or national army enlistments.
The selective service law was passed on May
19. 1917. and as subsequently amended it
mobilized all the man power of the nation
from the ages of 18 to 45 inclusive. Under
this act 24.234.021 men were registered and
slightly more than 2.800,000 were inducted
into the military service. The first registra-
tion, June 5. 1917. covered the ages from
21 to 31: the second registration, June o. 1918
and Aug. 24. 1918. included those who had
become 21 years old since the first registra-
tion, and the third registration. Sept. 12. 1918.
extended the age limits down to 18 and up-
ward to 45.
Men Registered and Inducted.
Registration. Registered. Inducted.
3R ^. .^--"iiillfli 2«l
A1lichoa\?.^?^°?°._325.«5 23.373
Total .*. 24.234.021 2.810.296
Physical Examinations.
Registrants were given two physical exam-
inations— one by the local board and the other
by the camp physicians. From the examina-
tion data comparisons have been made which
show the standing of the various states with
respect to the fitness of the men registered
for military duty. The results are presented
in the accompanying map, which shows four
classifications of the states. The states shown
in outline only are those which sent men
of so high an order of physical condition that
from 70 to 80 per cent of them were ac-
cepted for service. It is noteworthy that
these states constitute about one-quarter of
all and are mostly located in the middle west.
Next come the states from which 65 to 69
pr.r rent passed, and thes^ are indicated by light
cross lines. This group is almost equal to
the first and the states are contiguous to the
first group either on the east or the west.
In the third group, indicated by heavy diag1-
"4 per cent of the
of them are in the
,
lines, from 60 to 64 per cent of the
. Most of them are in the
In the last group are
young men. passed
south and far west.
Summary
accompl
4. Of
r6't£ l^^EiB1 -^^e110™ th«l s^tes
the best showing,
city boys, w" "
native born
thls wa
were re-
as
gost
8. There were 200.000 army officers. Of
every six officers one had previous military
with troops, three were graduates of
nd tw° came
TRAINING OF THE TROOPS.
The average American soldier who went to
France received six months of training in the
United States before he sailed. After 1
landed overseas he had two months of train-
ing before entering the battle line in a quiet
sector, where he remained one month before
going into an active sector and taking part in
hard fighting. The infantry soldier was
trained in the division, which was our typical
combat unit. In the American army it was
composed of about 1,000 officers and 27000
men. Training and sorting organizations of
about 10.000 men. known as depot brigades,
were also utilized. Before the signing of the
armistice there were trained and sent overseas
forty-two American divisions. The training of
twelve more was well advanced and there
were four others that were being organized.
The pl^n on which the army was acting
called for eighty divisions overseas before
July. 1919, and 100 divisions by the end of
that year.
The following table shows the place of
organization of divisions and sources by
states:
1st— F
2d— F
ranee,
ranee.
Regulars.
3d— Greene. N. C.
4th— Greene. V. C.
604
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
5th— Logan, Tex. 13th— Lewis. Wash.
6th— McClellan. Ala. 1-ith^Custer. Mich.
7th— MacArthur. Tex. 15th— Logan. Tex.
8th— Fremont, Cal. 16th— Kearny. Cal.
17th — Beauregard. La.
18th— Travis. Tex.
19th— Dodge. Iowa.
9th— Sheridan. Ala.
Kas.
10th— Funston.
llth— Msade. Md.
12th— Devens. Mass.
20th— Sevier. S. C.
National Guard.
>th (Devens, Mass.)— From New England.
rth (Wadsworth, S. C.)— From- New York.
i.) — From
(McClellan, Ala.)— Fr
Pennsylvania.
rom New Jersey.
yland. District of
!8th (Hancock, Ga.
Delaware, Virginia. Mary!
Columbia.
30th (Sevier. S. C.)— From Tennessee, North
Carolina, South Carolina, District of Colum-
bia.
77th (Upton. N. Y.)— From New York city.
78th (Dix. N. J.)— From western New York.
New Jersey. Delaware.
79th (Meade, Md.) — From northeastern Penn-
sylvania. Maryland, District of Columbia.
80th (Lee. Va.)— From Virginia. West
,
81st (Jackson. -S. C.)— Fro
South Carolina. Florida.
82d (Gordon. Ga.)— From
. . Vir-
ginia, western Pennsylvania.
North Carolina.
rto Rico.
. orgia, Alabama,
Tennessee.
83d (Sherman. O.) — From Ohio, western Penn«
sylvania.
84th (Zaohary Taylor, Ky.)— From Kentucky,
Indiana, southern Illinois.
85th (Ouster. Mich.)— From Michigan, east-
ern Wisconsin.
86th (Grant. 111.)— From Chicago, northern
Illinois.
PER CENT OF DRAFTED MEN PASSING~PHYSICAL EXAMINATION BY STATES.
31st (Wheeler. Ga.) — From, Georgia, Alabama.
Florida.
32d (MacArthur, Tex.)— From Michigan, Wis-
consin.
33d (Logan. Tex.)— From Illinois.
Nebr
. Tex.) .
34th (Cody, N. M.)— From Nebraska. Iowa,
South Dakota. Minnesota.
55th (Doniphan, Okla.)— From Missouri, Kan-
*
6th (Bowie. Tex.)— From Texas. Oklahoma.
7th (Sheridan. O.)— From Ohio.
8th (Shelby. Miss.)— From Indiana,
, Tex.)— Fn
an. O.)— Fr__
y. Miss.)— From Indiana, Ken-
tucky. West Virginia.
39th (Beauregard. La.)— From Alabama. Mis-
sissippi. Louisiana.
(Kearny. Cal.)— From California, Colo-
40th
rado. Utah, Arizona. New Mexico.
41st (Fremont. Cal.)— From Washington, Ore-
gon. Montana. Idaho. Wyoming.
42d (Mills. N. Y.)— From various states.
National Army.
76th (Devens, Mass.)— From New England,
New Y« '
fork.
87th (Pike. Ark ) — From Arkansas. Louisiana.
Mississippi, southern Alabama.
88th (Dodge, Iowa) — From North Dakota.
Minnesota, Iowa, western Illinois.
89th (Funston. Kas.)— From Kansas, Missouri
South Dakota, Nebraska.
90 tli (Travis, Tex.)— From Texas Oklahoma.
91st (Lewis. Wash.)— From Alaska. Washing-
ton. Oregon. California, Idaho, Nebraska,
Montana Wyoming. Utah.
92d (Funston, Kas.) — Colored, from various
states.
93d (Stuart, Va.)— Colored, from various
states.
The regular army divisions were originally
made up from regular army units plus vol-
untary enlistments and selective service men.
The national guard divisions came largely
from the militia of the several states. The
national army divisions were made up almost
wholly of men called in by the selective serv-
ice law. The 42d division, called because of
its composite character the "Rainbow divi-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
505
sion" was made up of selected groups from
the entire country and sent to Prance early.
The 41st. called the "Sunset division," was
a composite of troops from many western
states. Four divisions were made up from
one state each: The 27th, 28th. 33d and
37th.
Camps and Cantonments.
To carry forward the training: program shel-
ter was constructed in a few months for
1.800,000 men. For the national guard and
national army divisions sixteen camps and six-
teen cantonments were built. The national
guard units organized during- the summer of
1917 were put under canvas in tents in the
south. The building- of the cai>tonments was
authorized in May. 1917. The last site was
secured July 6 and on Sept. 4 accommodations
were ready for 430.000 men. The capacity
was soon increased to 770,000. an average
capacity per cantonment of 48.000. Troops
had to be accommodated at many other points
also. There were schools for training: men
for special services, such as the artillery, avia-
tion, engineer corps, chemical warfare, tank
corps and quartermaster corps. There were
proving grounds and testing fields. For these
training schools, but only of schools train-
ing officers for line duty.
When the new camps had been established
France and England sent experienced officers
to the United States to assist in training the
men in modern methods of war. France sent
286 such officers and England 261.
Summary.
1. The average American soldier who fought
in France had six months of training here,
two months overseas before entering the line
and one month in a quiet sector before going
into battle.
2. Most soldiers received their training in
infantry divisions which are the typical train-
ing- units and consist of about 1,000 officers
and 27.000 men.
3. Forty-two divisions were sent to France.
4. More than two-thirds of our line officers
were graduates of the officers' training camps.
5. France and England sent to the United
States nearly 800 specially skilled officers and
noncommissioned officers who rendered most
important aid as instructors in the training
camps.
8UJSIAN .-BRITISH COXTROL),
FRENCH, 47.000— 2?i A
TROOP SAILINGS FROM AMERICAN PORTS AND LANDINGS IN ENGLAND AND FRANCE.
DIAGRAM IN CENTER SHOWS NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF TROOPS CARRIED
BY SHIPS OF EACH NATION.
purposes housing- was constructed for more
than 300.000 men. including accommodations
at the large embarkation camps at New
York and Newport News. ^
Officers and Instructors.
Some 200,000 officers were required for the
army of 4.000.000 men. there being in the
American army one officer for each twenty
men When war was declared there were
6,000 officers in the regular army and the na-
tional guard divisions were able to furnish
most of their own officers. After this source
of supply had been exhausted it was still nec-
essary to secure 180,000 officers elsewhere.
The officers' training camp was the instru-
mentality that solved the problem. The suc-
cessful precedents of the Flattsburg camps
were followed. Three months of intensive
training put the prospective officers through
all the tasks required of enlisted men and the
duties of the platoon and company command-
er By ranks the officers commissioned from
the training camps were: Colonels, 2; lieu-
tenant-colonels. 1; majors. 294; captains,
5,429; first lieutenants, 12.397; second lieu-
tenants, 62,445; total. 80,568. This total is
not the grand total of graduates of officers
TRANSPORTATION OF ARMY.
During the nineteen months of the American
participation in the war. more than 2.000 000
soldiers were carried from the United States
to France. Half a million went over in the
first thirteen months and 1,500.000 in the last
six months. At first the movement. was not
rapid. We had only a lew Af^I^t^Qg
British troopships chartered directly pom Uagi
owners. Later, as more ships came into the
service the embarkations increased to a rate
of neaVly 50.000 a month a nd by the > end I of
1917 had reached a total of 194 000 The
figures from January to November,
47,893 July
49.110' August ..
84 860 Sentember
118.642 October ..
245 94r November
278,664
18.
308,350
257,457
180,326
30.201
January
February
March ..
April ...
May ....
June
During many weeks in the summer num-
ber carried was more than 10.000 men a
day, and in July the total landed averaged
more than 10.000 for every day of the
month. No such trocp movement had eve?
been contemplated, and no movement of any
such number of persons by water for such
a distance and such a time had every pre-
506
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
vlously occurred. The record has been excelled
only by the achievement in bringing the same
men back to the shores of the United States.
The necessity for creating a great transport
fleet came just at the time when the world
was experiencing its most acute shortage of
tonnage. The start was made by chartering
a few American merchant steamers and by
July 1, 1917, there were in service seven
troopships and six cargo ships with a total
deadweight capacity of 94,000 tons.
There was developed from these small begin-
nings
by the end
tons of shipping.
During these same months another great
a great transport fleet which aggregated *f
e end of 1918 3.250,000 deadweight / P*
ican ships, three in Italian ships, two ir
French ships and one in shipping under Eng-
lish control.
Cargo Movement.
The first shipment of cargo to support the
forces abroad was made in June. 1917. and
amounted to 16,000 tons. After the first
two months the shipments grew rapidly until
they were in excees of 800.000 tons in the
last month of the war. They were made
almost entirely by American ships. The fol-
table shows the number of short tons
for each army supply serv-
Tons. Percent.
ice to April 30, 1919:
Service.
American transport fleet was created with Quartermaster 3.606.000 48.39
almost equal rapidity. This was the cross- < Engineer ..1.506.000 2021
channel fleet which earned cargo and men (Ordnance 1189000 15"96
from England to France. Beginning- with I Food relief 285*000 3~82
7.000 tons in October, 1917. this fleet by the ( Motor transport 214*000 2*87
end of 1918 consisted of 324,600 tons. About , Trench material 208,000 2i79
one-fourth of the vessels were Norwegian or Sier.al corps 121000 362
Swedish, while the rest were American. This] Medical lllioOO l!49
f er cent
Quartermaster
Engineer
Ordnance
Food relief
Short tons
3,606,000
1,506,000
1,189,000
285,000
3*82
JBdotor Transport 214,000 • 2l8?
French material 208,000 | 2.7$
Signal Corps*
fiedical
Aviation
Bed Cross
Y.M.O.A.
Miscellaneous
Chemical Warfare
121,000
111,000
61,000
60,000
45,000
35,000
1.62
1.49
.82
.81
.60
.47
11,000 (.15
7,452,000
TONS OF CARGO SHIPPED FOB EACH ARMY
SUPPLY SERVICE TO APRIL 30, 1919.
service utilized large numbers of small wood
and steel vessels built by the emergency
fleet corporation at the yards of the great
lakes and along the coast.
In building up the transatlantic and cross-
channel fleets every possible source of ton-
nage had to be called on for every ship that
could be secured. The first great increment
was the seized German vessels, which came
into service during the fall of 1917. The
taking over of Dutch steamers in the spring
of 1918 and the chartering of Scandinavian
and Japanese tonnage accounted for great in-
creases in the cargo fleet.
Most of the troops who sailed for France
left from New York. Half of them landed
in England and the other half landed in
France. Most of those who landed in England
went directly to Liverpool and most of those
who landed in France went to Brest.
Of every 100 men who went over, forty-
nine went in British ships, forty-five in Amer-
Aviation 61.000
Red Cross 60,000
Y. M. C. A 45,000
Miscellaneous 36,000
Chemical warfare 11.000
a
.60
.47
.15
Totals ................... 7.452.000 100.00
Included in the cargo strip ment were 1,791
consolidation locomotives of the 100 ton type.
Of these 650 were shipped set up on their
own wheels. The army also shipped 26.9S4
standard gauge freight cars and 47,018 motor
trucks. There were also shipped 68.694
horses and mules.
During the whole period of active hostili-
ties the army lost at sea only 200,000 dead-
weight tons of transports. Of this total
142,000 tons were sunk by torpedoes. No
troop transport was l
voyage. For this credit
American troop transport was lost on its
eastward voyage. For this credit is due to
the navy, which armed, manned and convoyed
the transports.
When the armistice was eigned prepara-
tions were at once made to return the troops
to the United States in the shortest possible
time. The British ships were not avail-
able, as these had to be used for the return of
troops to Canada. Australia and South Africa.
The situation was met by the army transport
service, which immediately began the con-
version of large cargo ships into troop carry-
ing vessels. By means of these cargo ships.
by the assignment of German liners and also
by the aid of the navy, which put cruisers
and battle ships at the command of the army.
the army was brought back to America even
more rapidly than it was taken to France.
Summary.
1. During- our nineteen months of war more
than 2,000.000 American soldiers were car-
ried to France. Half a million of these went
over in the first thirteen months and a mil-
lion and a half in the last six months.
2. The highest trooo carrying- records were
those of July. 19J.8. when 306.000 soldiers
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
607
were carried to Europe, and May, 1919, when
330,000 were brought home to America.
3. Most of the troops who sailed for Eu-
rope left from New York. Half of them
landed in Engrland and half in Prance.
4. Among1 every 100 Americans who went
over, forty-nine went in British ships, forty-
five in American ships, three in Italian, two
in French and one in Russian shipping- under
English control.
5. Our cargo ships averaged one complete
trip every seventy days ajid our troopships
one complete trip every thirty-five days.
6. The cargo fleet was almost exclusively
American. It reached the size of 2.600.000
deadweight tons and carried to Europe about
7.500.000 tons of cargo.
1. The greatest troop carrier among all the
ehips was the Leviathan, which landed 12,000
men. or the equivalent of a German army di-
vision, in Prance every month.
8. The fastest transports were the Great
Northern and the Northern Pacific, which
m^rJe compete turnarounds, took on new
troops and started back again in nineteen days.
POOD. CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT.
Commercial articles purchased by the army
were of about 30.000 different kinds and in-
cluded such articles as food, forage, hardware,
coal furniture, wagons, motor trucks lumber,
locomotives, cars, machinery, medical insUru-
ments hand tools and machine tools. In one !
way or another the army at war drew upon
almost every one of the 344 industries recog-
nized by the United States census. In the
of some articles all the difficulties of
450
the service of supply 386,000 soldiers, be-
sides 31.000 German prisoners and tnousanda
of civilian employes furnished by the ailiea.
At the same time there were in the zone of
the armies 160.000 noncombatant troops, tho
majority of whom were keeping in operation
the lines of distribution of supplies to tha
front. The proportion of nonp£>rn.batant9 ii*
the American army never fell below 28 per-
cent. When there was the greatest pressure
for men at the front the work back of the*
" r Sen Oct. HOT Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Pet No? Dec Jan Feb liar Apr
SS *\9^ 1918 1919
TONS OP ARMY CARGO SHIPPED TO FRANCE EACH MONTH. FIGURES IN THOU-
SANDS OF SHORT TONS.
quantity production were combined with the
problems of making something not before
manufactured. Typical instances are the
5.400.000 gas masks and the 2.728.000 steel
helmets produced before tho end of November.
1918.
In France a complete new organization was
necessary for the distribution of munitions
and supplies. It was called the service of
supply (S. O. S.) and had its headquarters
at Tours. It was an army behind the army.
On the day the armistice was signed there
were reporting to the commanding general of
lines took roughly one man out of every
three. A list of the total deliveries from
April 6. 1917. to May 31. 1919. of some com-
mon articles of clothing given herewith gives
an idea of the task of supplying the army:
Articles. Delivered.
Wool stockings, pairs 131.800.000
Undershirts 85.000,000
Underdrawers 83600.000
Shoes, pairs 30.700.000
Flannel shirts 26.500.000
Blankets . . 21.700.000
508
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Articles. Delivered.
Wool breeches ...... *............. 21.700.000
Wool coats ....................... 13.900,000
Overcoats .............. ..... ...... 8.300.000
The value of the above articles was more
than 81.000. 000.000.
Distributing: supplies to the American forces
in France was in the first place a problem
of ports, second a problem of railroad, third
a problem, of motor and horse-drawn trans-
portation. and fourth, a problem of storage.
It was not necessary to build new ports, but
Americans added eighty-three new berths, to-
grether with warehouses and dock equipment,
It was not necessary .to build new railroads,
but it was desirable to increase the carrying
capacity by nearly 1,000 miles of new track-
age. by switching facilities at crucial points.
by new repair shops and new rolling1 stock.
These things were done by the engineers. The
problems were not wholly solved. There were
never enough docks to prevent some loss of
time by vessels waiting- to dock, but the ca-
pacity for handling American cargo was trip-
led, from 10,000 tons per day in the spring1 of
1918 to 30.000 tons by Nov. 11. and the
waiting time of ships was shorter than in
commercial practice. There were never wholly
adequate railway facilities, but with the help
of locomotives and freight cars shipped from
this side freight was carried inland about as
fast as it was landed. The main railway lines
connected the principal ports at which the
army fleet docked with the headquarters of
the service of supply at Tours and with the
Toul-Verdun sector, where the American
armies operated.
Railroads carried American supplies from the
ports in France to intermediate or advance
depots. Railroad lines roughly paralleled the
front. Spurs led up to the front, but beyond
a certain distance the standard-gauge railroad
did not go. Where the danger of shelling be-
gan or where the needs changed rapidly as
the battle activity shifted from this front to
that, the place of the heavy railway was
taken by other means of distributing supplies.
First came the narrow-gauge railroad, with
rails about two feet apart, much narrower
than the usual narrow -gauge road in this
8
country.
engineers built 538 miles
of these roads, for which 406 narrow-gauge
locomotives and 2.385 narrow-gauge cars were
shipped from this country in addition to the
standard-gauge equipment.
Beyond the range of the narrow-gauge rail-
way came the motor truck. The truck could
go over roads that were under shell fire.
Trucks were used on a larger scale in this
war than was ever before thought possible.
The American infantry division on the march
with the trucks, -wagons and ambulances of
its supply, ammunition and sanitary trains
stretches for a distance of thirty miles along
the road. The 650 trucks which the tables of
this organization of the division provide are
a large factor in this train. The number of
trucks s^nt overseas prior to the armistice
was 40.000 and of these 33.000 had been
received in France. They ranged in size from
three-quarters of a ton to five tons.
Telephone and Telegraph Lines.
In order to operate the transportation of
supplies in France the American signal corps
strung its wires over nearly every part o
France. At the time the armistice was sign
the signal corps was operating 28^ '
exchanges and 133 complete tel<
tions. The telephone lines numbe
reaching 8.959 stations. More than 100.000
miles of wire had b^en stning. The peak In^d
of on«ration reached 47.555 telegrams a day.
averaging sixty wo^ds each.
Other Construction.
To build factories and storage warehouses
for supplies, ^s well as housing for troops.
200.000 wo'-kmpn in the United States were
kept continuously occupied during the war.
phone
Housing constructed had a capacity of 1 800 .
000 men. The total expenditures in this m
^"sejo Novell. lj»j^e^wii}1llffi:
all the construction work was
I-.-* .iv-* .**CTJ i/y the corps of engineers under
tho service of supply. Up to the signing of
the armistice the construction projects un-
dertaken in France numbered 831.
No Food or Clothing Shortage.
At no time was there a food shortage Sol-
diers sometimes went hungry, but thfcondL
tion was local and temporary. It occurred
because of transportation difficulties during
periods of active fighting or rapid movement
when the units advanced faster than their
rolling kitchens. The stocks of food on hand
in the depots in France were always adequate
In the matter of clothing also the supply
services rose to the emergency of combat
J^^^^.-PFi?.^ in the history of many
. Was *• "
The records of the quartermaster show that
during- the six months of hard fighting, from
June to November. 1918. the enlisted man ir
the A. E. F. received on the average:
Slicker and overcoat every 5 months.
Blanket, flannel shirt and breeches every 2
months.
Coat every 79 days.
Shoes and puttees every 61 days.
Drawers and undershirt every 34 days.
Woolen socks every 23 days.
Summary.
1. The problems of feeding and clothing the
army were difficult because of the immense
quantities involved rather than because of
the difficulty of manufacturing the articles
needed.
2. Requirements for some kinds of clothing
for the army were more than twice as great
as the prewar total American production of
the same articles.
3. To secure the articles needed for the
army the government had to commandeer all
the wool and some other staple articles in the
United States and control production through
all its stages.
4. The distribution of supplies in the expe-
ditionary forces required the creation of an
organization called the service of supply, to
which one-fourth of all the troops who went
overseas were assigned.
5. American engineers built in France 83
new ship berths. 1.000 miles of standard
gauge track and 538 miles of narrow gauge
6. The signal corps strung in France 100.-
000 miles of telephone and telegraph wire.
7. Prior to the armistice 40.000 trucks were
shipped to the forces in France.
8. Construction projects in the United States
cost twice as much as the Panama canal and
construction overseas was on nearly as large a
9. The army in France always had enough
food and clothing.
RIFLES AND MACHINE GUNS.
Rifles.
When the United States entered the war there
were on hand nearly 600.000 Springfield
rifles of the model of 1903. or sufficient for
the initial equipment of an army of about
1.000.000 men. The available Spnngfieldg
were used to equip the regular army and the
national gruard divisions that were first or-
ganized. There were also in stock .some
^OQ 000 Kr?>g-Jc-rgensen rifles in sufficiently
crood condition to be used for training- pur-
PORPS. It was found that the output of
Springfield rifles could not be increased to
much beyond 1.000 a day. which was Lot
enough There were in the country several
plants just completing large orders for t
Enfield rifle of the British firovernment. A new
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOlfc 1920.
509
rifle, model of 1917. waa designed, which
•Was enough like the British weapon to make
it possible to convert the plants equipped for
making- Enfields to the manufacture of the
new rifle chambered to use the same ammuni-
tion as is used in the Springfield and in
American machine guns.
Beginning with slightly less than 600.000
Spring-fields at the outbreak of the war, the
total at the end of the war had increased to
nearly 900.000. The Enflelds first came into
duction in August. 1917. After, their manu-
pro
fac
,
acture had actually begun the output in-
creased rapidly until it totaled at the end o'f
the war. in November. 1918. nearly 2.300.000.
It is a fact that about half the rifle ammu-
nition used against the enemy by American
troops was shot from Springfield rifles. Both
the Springfield and the American Enfield rifles
proved superior in the test of battle to the
small arms used by the enemy or the other
allies in accuracy and rapidity of fire.
Machine Guns.
In accordance with the recommendations of
the secretary of war 4.000 Vickers machine
suns were ordered in December. 1916. and by
the end of 1917, 2.031 of them had been
delivered. It could not. however, be put on
a Quantity production basis because of tech-
nical difficulties in manufacture. Fortunately.
a new gun well adapted to quantity produc-
tion was presented for trial. This g-un. the
heavy Browning, performed satisfactorily in
all respects and was adopted as the ultimate
standard heavy machine gun. The lighl
Browning, designed by the same expert, was
easily in the lead as an automatics rifle, weigh-
ing only fifteen pounds. The Lewis gun, too
heavy for satisfactory use as an automatic
rifle, and not capable of the long-sustained
fire necessary in a heavy gun. was very well
suited, with slight modification, for use as a
so-called flexible gun on aircraft. A smal"
number (2.500) of these guns was ordered
for training purposes for ground use. but the
bulk of the possible production of this gun
was assigned to aircraft purposes. In addition
to the flexible type, airplanes require also a
synchronized gun: that is. a gun whose time
of firing is so adjusted that the shots pass
between the propeller blades The Vickers
gnn had been used successfully for this pur-
pose in Europe and the call was insistent lor
their diversion to this use, both for our own
planes and for those of the French. After
many trials and adjustments, however, the
Marlin gun. a development of the old Colt.
was adapted to this purpose, releasing part of
the early production of Vickers guns for
ground use. A subsequent development was
the design of a modified form of the heavy
Browning for aircraft use as a synchronized
g-un.
The earliest needs of our troops in France
were met by French Hotchkiss machine guns
and Chauchat automatic rifles. A little later
divisions going- over were provided with Vick-
ers heavy guns and Chauchat automatic rifles.
After July 1 divisions embarking- were
equipped with light and heavy Brownings.
Both Browning- guns met with immediate suc-
cess and with the approval of foreign officers
as well as with that of o\\r own.
The total number of machine guns of Amer-
ican manufacture produced to the end of
1918 is shown in the following- table:
Heavy Browning- field ................. 66.612
Vickers field . . 12.125
Other field ........................... 6.366
Lewis aircraft ........................ 39.200
Browning- aircraft ..................... 580
Marlin aircraft .... ................... . 38,000
Vickers aircraft ...................... 3.714
Light Browning1 ..................... .. 69,960
Total .......... ... .................. 226.557
IB addition there were secured from the
French and British 5,300 heavy machine guns,
of which nearly all were French Hotchkiss
guns, and 34.000 French Chauchat automatic
rifles.
When troops embarked for France they ear-
ned with them their rifles and sometimes
their machine guns and automatic rifles. If
appropriate allowance is made for such troop
property in addition to what was shipped in
bulk for replacement and reserves, it is found
that about 1.775.000 rifles. 29.000 light
Brownings and 27.000 heavy Brownings and
1.500,000.000 rounds of rifle and machine gur
ammunition were shipped to France from this
country before Nov. 1. These supplies were
supplemented by smaller amounts received
from the French and British, as already men-
tioned. The actual use of American made
France
Used at Total,
the including
frnnt. training
17.664
3.528
2,860
3,930
3-084
1.625
Light Browning ..........
Heavy Browning- ...i........ . .1.168
Vickers ground gun _____ ..2340
Lewis aircraft ............... 1:393
Marlin aircraft ........ OQQ
Vickers aircraft ............ .'.'l.'320
Pistols and Revolvers.
From the beginning of the war the call for
Pistols was insistent. In this case the Amer-
ican army was fortunate in having in the
Browning-Colt a weapon already in production
and more effective than the correspond ng
weapon used by any other army. But white
there never was any question as to the quality
of the pistol, there was much trouble in SP-
curmg them In numbers adequate to meet the
demands. To help meet the situation a re^
tinn61^*8 desi?,ned usiQg- the same ammuni-
tion and placed in production In October.
iSiZ' 1-1 i a result .the troops in France who
ZSS Sie'cf wr?,r
nm™n
000.000
Small-Arms Ammunition.
A sufficient supply of small-arms ammunition
was. always available to provide for troop" to
service. The complication due to the use of
machine guns and automatic rifles of French
caliber was successfully met. To meet the
special needs of the air service and of anti-
aircraft defense new types of ammunition
were designed and produced, the purposes of
which are indicated by their names-^rmor
Piercing tracer and incendiary. Before the
•^ "f *he war American production of rifle
ion amounted to approximately 3,500 -
rounds, of which 1.500.000.000 were
overseas. In addition 100,000,000
British W6re secured frorn tne French and
Summary.
1. When war was declared the army had on
hand nearly 600.000 Springfield rifles Their
ma21\*actu,re was continued, and the American
» nS. "fie designed and put into production.
2. The total production of Springfield and
Enfield rifles up to the signing of the armi-
stice was over 2,500.000.
3. The use of machine guns on a large
scale is a development of the European war.
In the American army the allowance in 1912
was four machine guns per regiment. In 1919
the new army plans provide for an equip-
ment of 336 guns per regiment, or eighty-four
times as many.
4. The entire number of American machine
guns produced to the end of 1918 was 227.-
000»
5. Ouriner the war the Browning- automatic
rifle and the Browning machine grin were de-
veloped, put into quantity production and used
in large numbers in the final battles in
6. The Browning- machine guns are believed
to be more effective than the corresponding1
weapons used in any other army.
510
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
7. American production of rifle ammunition
amounted to approximately 3,500,000,000
rounds, of which 1,500.000.000 were shipped
overseas. ARTILLERY.
When the United States declared war on
Germany in 1917 there were 900 pieces of field
artillery available. The gun on hand in "
largest Quantities was the 3-inoh Afield piece.
the
of which we had 544. of which filty are re-
quired for one division. This was a sufficient
number to equip eleven divisions. The initial
plan called for the formation of forty-two
divisions, which would require 2.100 3-inch
field pieces almost at once. To meet the situ-
ation the decision was made in June, 1917,
to allot our own grins to training purposes
and to equip our forces in France with artil-
lery conforming to the French and British
standard calibers. The arrangement was to buy
from the British and French the artillery
n^fVied for our first divisions and ship to
them in return equivalent amounts of steel,
Heary artillery shells
British
.American
and smokeless powder were all required by
the hundreds of million pounds^ As no firm*
were prepared to manufacture complete rounds
it was necessary for the ordnance department
to make contracts for each component and
assume the burden of directing the distribu-
tion of these components between the manu-
lacturers. For the shrapnel it was possible
to use the design substantially as had pre-
viously been used in this country, but the
high explosive and gas shell proved more
troublesome. A large supply of American
sheila was produced, however, before the sign-
ing of the armistice and shipment to Europe
in quantity had begun. The ammunition
actually^ used against the enemy at the front
was nearly all of French manufacture, but the
approaching supply from America made pos-
sible a, more free use of the French and British
reserves. Our monthly production of artillery
ammunition rose to over 2,000.000 complete
rounds in August and over 3,000.000 rounds
e U
in October if we inclu
,.
nited States cali-
Light artillery shells
British .""
American
Heavy artillery
.328. OOP B
Light artillery
.British
l&ericaa
BRITISH AND AMERICAN PRODUCTION OF ARTILLERY AND AMMUNITION FOR FIRST
TWENTY MONTHS OF WAR.
copper and other raw materials to manufac-
ture new guns. With no serious exceptions,
the guns from British and French sources
were secured as needed, but our own plants
were slower in producing complete units
ready for use than had been hoped and
planned.
In our factories the 3-inch guns of improved
model which had been ordered in September.
1916, were changed in caliber to use standard
French ammunition and became known as 77
mm. guns, model 1916. The British 18-
pounder then being produced in this country
was similarly redesigned and became known
as the 75 mm. gun, model 1917. Work was
immediately begun also on the plans for the
French 75 mm. gun, so as to make it possi-
ble to produce it in American factories. For
this gun. however, it was necessary to de-
velop new manufacturing capacity. In the
case of other calibers of artillery the same
means in general were taken to secure a
supply.
Artillery Ammunition.
In the magnitude of the quantities involved
the artillery ammunition program was the
biggest of all. Copper, steel, high explosives
bers. By the end of 1918 the number of
rounds of complete artillery ammunition pro-
duced in American plants was in excess of
20.000,000, as compared with 9.000, 000
rounds secured from the French and British.
Smokeless Powder and High Explosives.
From April 1. 1917. to Nov. 11. 1918, the
production of smokeless powder in the United
States was 632,000.000 pounds, which was
almost exactly equal to the combined pro-
duction of France and Great Britain. This
was not all for American use. About half the
British supply in 1917 was drawn from this
country and in 1918 more than one-third of
the French supply was made in America. In
the mutter of high explosives, such as TNT.
ammonium nitrate, picric acid and others, the
United States was poorly prepared and it be-
came necessary to erect new plants. As the
result of the efforts made the rate of pro-
duction at the close of the war was more -than
40 per cent larger than Great Britain's and
nearly double that of France. The, averages
for the three countries in August. September
and October. 1919. were: —
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
611
Country-
eat Britai
Pounds.
Great Britain 30957000
France *.., 22.802,000
United States 43.888,000
Poison Gases.
In tfc£ Ypres salient early in 1915 the Ger-
mans introduced poison gas as a weapon in
warfare. When America entered the war there
were no facilities for producing toxic gases in
large quantities. The government found it
necessary to build its own chemical plants and
to finance certain private firms. The majority
of these plants were at what became known
as Edgewood Arsenal, Md. The increase in
production was rapid and steady during1 1918
and before the armistice was signed more
than 10,000 tons had been manufactured.
That eras is a powerful weapon in war is
shown by the fact that in 1918 from 20 to 30
per cent of all the American casualties were
caused by gas. At the close of the war the
United States was equipped to produce gas
at a more rapid rate than France. England
or Germany.
American Artillery in France.
When the armistice came in November the
American forces not only had a sufficient
number of 75s for the twenty-nine combat
divisions, but in addition enough mere for
twelve other divisions.- A careful study of
the battle records of all the divisions shows
that if all the days in the line of all the
combat divisions are added together, the total
is 2,233- The records further show the num-
ber of days that each division was in line
with its own artillery, with British artillery,
with French, or without any.
The result of the compilation is to show
that in every 100 days that our combat divi-
sions were in line they were supported by
their own artillery for seventy-five da vs. by
rritlph artillery for five days, by French for
one and one-half days, and were without artil-
lery for eighteen and one-half days out of
100. Of these eighteen and one-half days,
however, eighteen days were in quiet sectors
and only one-half of one day in active sec-
tors. There are only three records of Amer-
ican divisions being in an active sector with-
out artillery support. The total of these three
cases amounts to one-half of 1 per cent, or
about fourteen hours out of the typical 100
days just analyzed.
The most significant facts about our artillery
in France are presented in summary in the
following- table, which takes into account only
light and heavy field artillery and dees not
include either the small 37-millimeter eruns or
the trench mortars:
Total pieces of artillery received to
Nov. 11 3.499
Number of American manufacture...
American made pieces used in battle 130
Artillery on firing- line 2.251
Rounds of artillery ammunition ex-
pended 8.116.000
Rounds of ammunition of American
manufacture expended 208.327
Rounds of American made ammuni-
tion expended in battle 8.400
Tractors and Tanks.
An innovation in this war. development of
what in the future promises to be even more
Important, was the increased use of motor
transportation. As applied to the artillery,
this meant the use of caterpillar tractors to
haul the big: grins, especially over rough
ground. TThen we entered the war no suitable
designs existed for caterpillar tractors of size
appropriate for the medium heavy artillery.
But new 5-ton and 10-ton types were per-
fected in this country. Put into production,
and 1.100 shipped overseas before Nov. 1.
About 300 larger tractors were also shipped
and. 350 more secured from the French and
The tank was an even more important appli-
Stion of the caterpillar tractor to war uses,
the case of the small 6-ton tanks, the
efforts of this country were largely concen-
trated on improvement of design and on de-
velopment of large scale production for the
1919 campaign. Up to the time of the armi-
stice sixty-four had been produced in this
country, and the rate at which production was
getting- under way is shown by the fact that
in spite of the armistice the total completed
to March 31. 1919. was 778. The burden
of active service in France was borne by
227 of these tanks received from the French.
The efforts of this country in the case of
heavy thirty-ton tanks were concentrated on
a co-operative plan by which this country was
to. furnish liberty motors and the rest of the
driving- mechanism and the British the armor
pl*te for 1.500 tanks for the 1919 campaign.
It has been estimated that about one-half the
work on the American components for this
project had been completed before Nov. 11
and the work of assembly of the initial units
was well under way1. For immediate use in
Fr?nce this country received sixty-four heavy
tanks from the British.
Summary.
1. When war was declared the United States
nad sulncient light artillery to equip an army
of 500.000 men. and shortly found itself con-
ted with the problem of preparing- to eauio
men.
2. To meet the situation it was decided in
June. 1917. to allot our sruns to tra:ninsr pur-
poses and to equip our forces in France with
artillery conforming1 to the French and British
standard calibers.
3. It was arranged that we should purchase
from the French and British the artillery
needed for our first divisions and shin them in
return eauivalent amounts of steel, cooper and
other raw materials so that they could either
manufacture guns for us in their own fac-
tories or give us grins out of their stocks
and replace them by new ones made from our
materials
4. UD to the end of April. 1919. the number
of complete artillery units produced in Amer-
ican plants was more than 3.000. or eaual to
all those purchased from the French aad Brit-
dnriner the war
5. The number of rounds, of complete artil-
lery ammunition produced in American tuants
was in excess of 20.000.000. as compared with
9.000.000 rounds secured from the French and
6. In the first twenty months afte
r'pclarption of war by each country the ]
did better than we did in the production o
rit
lierht artillery, a
ducing heavy artillery and both light
nd we excelled them in pro
rtill
heavy ammunition
and
.
7. So far as the allies were concerned the
European war was in larere measure foueht
with American powder and high explosives.
8. At the end of the war American produc-
tion of smokeless powder was 45 per cent
greater than the French and British produc-
tion combined.
9. At the end of the war the American pro-
£E hierh explosives was 1. _
an Great Britain's and nearly dou-
.
duction
40 per cent
ble that of France
10. During- the war* America produced 10.000
tons of eras, much of which was sold to the
French and British.
11. Out of every hundred days that our com-
bat divisions were in line in France they were
-upported by their own artillery for seventy-
five days, by British artillery for five days and
by French for one and one-half days. Of the
remaining- eierhtepn and on^-half dn:-« thnt they
were in line without artillery, eighteen days
were in quiet sectors, and only one-half of one
day in each hundred was in active sectors.
12. In round numbers, we had in France
3.500 pieces of artillery, of which nearly 500
were made in America, and we used on the
firing1 line 2.250 pieces, of which over 100
were made in America.
Airplanes, Motors and Balloons.
When the war was declared in April. 1917.
512
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
the United States had two aviation fields and
fifty -five serviceable airplanes. The national
advisory committee on aeronautics, which had
been conducting a scientific study of the prob-
lems of fliffht. advised that fifty-one of these
airplanes ware obsolete and the other four ob-
6°Teheret'were three primary requisites for
bringing into existence, an elementary aviation
service? These were training planes, aviators
and service planes. All of them had to be
shortage of instructors and the
opening- of new fields made it necessary to
retain a considerable proportion of the early
graduating- classes as instructors.. At the date
of the armistice there were thirty-four fields
in operation, with 1.063 instructors: 8.602
men had been graduated from elementary
training-, and 4.028 from advanced training.
There were then actually in training 6.528
men of whom 59 per cent were in elementary
and 41 per cent in advanced training schools.
There had been sent to the expeditionary
forces more than 5.000 pilots and observers.
of whom, at the date of armistice. 2.226 were
still in training and 1.238 were on flying duty
The total ' personnel of our air service, in-
cluding flying and nonflying officers, students
and enlisted men. increased from about 1.200
at the 6utbreak of the war to nearly 200.000
at the close.
Training Planes and Engines.
With 4.500 aviators demanded and only
fifty-five training planes on hand, the Pro-
duction of training planes was the problem
of greatest immediate concern. A few planes
provided for in the 1917 fiscal appropriation
were on order. Other orders were rapidly
placed. Deliveries of primary training planes
were begun in June. 1917. To the date of
the armistice over 5.300 had been produced.
including 1.600 of a type which was aban-
doned on account of tinsatisfactoT engines.
Advanced training planes reached quantity
production early in 1918: up to the armistice
about 2.500 were delivered. Approximately
the same number were purchased overseas for
training the units with the expeditionary
force.
European experience had demonstrate that
the maintenance of a squadron, whether in
training- or in service, requires more engines
than planes for replacements. Pending th^ re-
sults of American experience. British figures,
requiring an average production of two engines
per plane, were adopted as standard for Amer-
ican computations. Extensive orders were
placed for two types of elementary and three
types of advanced training engines.
Quantity production of training engines was
reached in 1917 and by the end of November.
1918. a total of nearly IS, 000 training engines
and more than 9.500 training- planes had been
delivered Of the engines, all but 1.346 wre
built in the United States; and of the P. POO
elementary training plan°s more than 8.000
were of American manufacture.
Service Planes.
On our entry into the war it became possi-
ble for American officers and engineers to
learn the secret s of the great improvements
that had b°en d«vplooed during the war in air-
planes used in battle service. A commission
was sent abroad to select types of foregn
service planes for production in the United
Strifes. The commission selected four types.
with a view to their adaptability to a new
type of motor. These were the De Haviland-4
(British) observation and day bombing ma-
chine. the Handley Pag* (British) night
bomber, the Caproni (Italian) night bomber
and the Bristol (British), two seater fighter.
At the time of the armistice the De Haviland
plane was being produced at th° rate of about
1.100 a month. A total of 3.?.?.7 had been
completed. 1.885 had been shipped to Prance
and 667 to the zone of the advance. The
Handley Page was redesigned to take two high
powered American motors, passed its tests and
on the date of the armistice parts lor 100
bad been shipped abroad for assembly.
Delay in the receipt of plans for the Ca-
proni greatly retarded the redesign of this
machine. Successful tests of the new model
were, however, completed previous to the ar-
mistice. The Bristol fighter was a failure.
The total production of service planes at the
end of November. 1918, was nearly 7.900. of
which nearly 4.100 were of American manu-
facture, and remaining 3,800 were of foreign
manufacture. In other words, of every 100
battle planes which we received up to the
end of November, 1918. fifty-two were of
American manufacture and forty-eight were
made in foreign factories.
Two new models — the Le Pere two-seater
fighter and the Martin bomber— were designed
around the standard American motor, and
in tests prior to the armistice each showed
a performance superior to that of any known
ma-chm9 of its class. Neither, however, wag
completed in time for use in actual service.
Service Engines.
The rapid development of the heavier type*
of airplane, together with the pressing need
for large scale production, made necessary the
development of a high powered motor adapta-
ble to American methods of standardized quan-
tity production. Thia need was met in the
Liberty twelve cylinder motor, which was
America's chief contribution to aviation.
After this standardized motor had passed the
experimental stage production increased with
rapidity, the October output being over 4,200.
The total production of Liberty engines to
the date of the armistice wjis 13.574. Of this
production 4,435 were shipped overseas to
the expeditionary forces and 1,025 were de-
livered to the British, French and Italian air
services.
Other types of service engines, including the
Hispano-Suiza 300 horse power, the Bugatti
and the Liberty eight cylinder, were undor de-
velopment when hostilities ceased. The His-
pano-Suiza 180 horse power had reached quan-
tity production: 469 of this type were pro-
duced, of which about one-half wrre shipped •
overseas for use in foreign built pursuit
Up to the end of November, 1918, the to-
tal number of service engines aecured was
in exc"=s of 22.000. Of this number more
than 16.000. or 73 per cent were from
American sources and Jess than 6,000 from
foreign sources.
Accessories.
In the line of aviation accessories some
notable results were achieved by intensive re-
search. Among them may be mentioned the
oxygen mask with telephone connections, en-
abling the flyer to endure the rarefied air at
high altitudes and ?t the same time pe-mitting
him to h?ve sneaking contact with his com-
panions: the military parachute, which was
made safe: not a single American casualty oc-
curring through parachute failure: electric
heatea clothing for aviators on high altitude
work: loner focus cameras, enabling obse-vers
to take photographs from altitudes of three
mile? or more: and the wireless telephone, en-
abling aviators to talk easily with other
pilots in the air and with the ground sta-
tions. Much of the credit for the invention
or -imnrovement -of these accessories is due
the Americans.
Balloons
In no field did American manufacturing ca-
pacity achieve a greater relative success tnan
In the production of observation balloons.
Before the armistice we had produced 642
observation balloons and had received twenty
from the French. Forty-three of our balloons
had been destroyed and forty-five given to the
French and British. This left MS with 574
balloons at the end of the war or nearly
twice as many as the enemy and the allies
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
513
combined had on the western front. The Bel-
gian army had six. the British forty-three, the
French seventy-two and the Germans 170.
Squadrons at the Front,
The American pilots of the Lafayette esca-
drille were transferred from the French to the
American service Dec. 26. 1917. flying- as
civilians until formally commissioned in late
January. 1918. They were then attached to
and served with the French 4th army, operat-
ing over Reims.
In addition to the purely American opera-
tions, two full squadrons were attached to the
British Royal air force in March and June
respectively pi 1918. remaining: with the Brit-
ish throughout the war. and participated in
the following engagements: The Picardy drive.
Ypres. Noyon-Montdidier. Villers, Bray-Rosi-
eres-Roye, Arras, Bapaume, Canal du Nord and
Lambrai.
The strictly American aviation operations
started in th3 middle of March. 1918, with the
patrolling of the front from Villeneuve-les-
Vertus by an American pursuit squadron
using- Planes of the French built Nieuport-28
type. These operations were in the nature
of a tryout of the American trained aviators,
and their complete success was followed by an
immediate increase of the aerial forces at
the front, with enlargement of their duties and
field of action. By the middle of May squad-
rons of all types— pursuit, observation and
bombing— as well as balloon companies were
in operation over a wide front. These squad-
rons were equipped with the best available
active sectors had three squadrons, two for
observation and one foi pursuit. Their
strength totaled thirty-five planes. In May
the squadrons were increased to nine. The
most rapid growth occurred after July, when
American De Haviland planes were becoming
available in quantity for observation and day
bombing service, and by November the number
of squadrons increased to forty-five, with a
total of 740 planes in action.
Of the total of 2,698 planes sent to the zone
of action. 667 were of American make and the
proportion was rapidly increasing- when the
Apr May
Jon
Jnl
Aog
Oct
Nor
1918
AMERICAN AIR, SQUADRONS IN ACTION EACH MONTH.
types of British and French built service
planes.
The squadrons were of four types: Obser-
vation squadrons, whose business it is to make
observations, take photographs and direct ar-
tillery fire; pursuit squadrons, using light
fighting' planes to protect the observation
planes at their work, to drive the enemy from
the air, or to "strafe" marching columns by
machine-gun fire; the day bombers, whose
work was the dropping of bombs on railways
or roads: and the night bombers, carrying
heavier bomb loads for the destruction of
etrategic enemy works.
In April the American forces just going into
armistice came. Of the 2.031 planes from for-
eign sources, nine-tenths were French. At the
sierniner of the armistice only 1.162 planes of
the 2.698 sent to the zone of advance re-
mained, so rapid was the rate of destruction.
Important Operations.
Three major operations furnish a compari-
son indicating the growth of the American
air forces in actton. Th^y are: The second
battle of the Marne. St Mihiel and the Meuse-
Are-onne. ,
Chateau Thierry— July.
^On the Chateau-Thierr.v-Soissons front the
Germans at the start had a pronounced aui>«-
514
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
riority in the air. The American service, how-
ever, succeeded in establishing- the lines of con-
tact with the enemy airmen from three to ten
miles within the enemy's line, photographed
the entire front and the terrain deep behind the
lines and played an important part in Duttiner
the German air forces on the defensive. The
German concentration for the attack of July
15 was reported in detail and the location of
the German reserves established, while the se-
crecy of the allied mobilization for the coun-
terattack was maintained and the Germans
were surprised. The American force employed
consisted of four pursuit squadrons, three ob-
servation sauadrons and two balloon com-
St. Mihiel— September.
In capturing1 the St. Mihiel salient the Amer-
ican 1st army was aided and protected by the
largest concentration of air force ever made,
of which approximately one-third were Amer-
ican and the other two-thirds were French,
British and Italian sauadrons operating: under
American command. Throughout this opera-
tion the German back areas were kept under
bombardment day and night- their reserves
and ammunition dumps were located for the
American loner-range artillery: propaganda de-
signed to disaffect enemy personnel was
dropped: record was made by photograph of
every movement of the enemy's lines and re-
serves, such information being1 frequently de-
livered to headquarters in finished photographs
within half an hour of its occurrence: the
pursuit planes armed with machine gruns
low over the German lines, firing directly into
Day bombers and corps and artillery observ-
ers were forced to fly low on account of the
fog1 which hampered all the day operations,
greatly reduced the visibility and made in-
fantry liaison especially difficult. This ac-
counts for the fact that some trouble was
experienced by the infantry with German
"strafing" planes.
The American air force employed consisted
of twelve pursuit squadrons, twelve observa-
tion squadrons, three bombing squadrons and
fifteen balloon companies. This large force
performed an amount of flying approximately
three times as great as was done during the
Chateau Thierry operations. During the last
two weeks of July the flying- time was more
hours per week. The week of the
offensive it rose to nearly 4,000
hours.
Meuse-Argonne— September to November.
Because the Meuse-Argonne engagement cov-
ered a wider front and a more extended period
of time, against an enemy who had improved
his distribution of air force along the entire
southern section of the front, no such heavy
instantaneous concentration of planes as was
made at St. Mihiel was possible. In this
operation, moreover, less assistance was ren-
dered by French and British flyers. The
American force used during the engagement
was considerably larger than at St. Mihiel.
On the signing of the armistice there were
twenty pursuit squadrons, eighteen observa-
tion smiadrons and seven squadrons of bomb-
ers with 1.238 flying1 officers and 740 service
planes. There were also twenty-three balloon
companies.
Test of Battle.
In the course of their few months of active
service American aviators brought down 755
enemy planes. Their own losses were 357
planes. Forty-three American and seventy-one
German balloons were destroyed.
Summary.
1. On the declaration of war the United
States had fifty-five training airplanes, of
which fifty-one were classified as obsolete and
the otn»r four as "
two weeks
than 1.000
St. Mihiel
owu manufacture 3.800 service
.
. Aviation training- schools in the United
States graduated 8.002 men from the ele-
mentary course and 4.028 from the advanced
and observers
tnth w*eiS prod,uced ^ the United States
to the end of Nov. 30. 1918. more than 8.000
in! engines * m°re than 16'000 ™*
6. The De Haviland-4 observation and day
bombing plane was the only plan's the United
States put into quantity production. Beiore
the signing1 of the armistice 3 227 had been
completed and 1,885 shipped ovtrseS Tte
0068 USed at the lront lor
2. Whm we entered the war the allies made
the designs of their planes available to us
and before the end of hostilities furnished us
T,-LThe Production of the twelve cylinder
Liberty engine was America's chief contribu-
tion to aviation. Befon the armistice
"^" K_r c» viuiiuii. rseion me armistice IS ^74
had been completed. 4.435 shipped t? the ex-
'""-ary forces and 1.025 delivered to the
8. The first flyers in action wearing the
American uniform were members- of the La-
fayette squadron, who were transferred to the
American service in December. 1917
*«& Th£ A°aerican air force at the front grew
from three squadrons in April to forty-five
in November. 1918. On Nov. 11 the forty-
squadrons had an equipment of 740
10. Of the 2,698 planes sent to the zone of
advance for American aviators 667. or nearly
one-fourth, were of American manufacture.
11. American air squadrons played impor-
tant roles in the battles of Chateau Thie^yT
St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne They
brought down in combat 755 enemy planes
while their own losses were only 357.
AMERICANS IN BATTLE.
Two out of every three American soldiers
who reached France took part in battle The
number who reached France was 2.084 000
and of these 1.390,000 saw active service in
the front line. American combat forces were
organized into divisions, each consisting of
some 28.000 officers and men. The British di-
vision numbered about 15.000 and those of
the French and Germans about 12.000 each.
Of the forty-two divisions that reached
France twenty-nine took part in active com-
bat service, while the others were used for
replacements or were just arriving when the
war ended. The battle record of the Uni'.ed
States army in this war is largely the history
of these twenty-nine combat divisions Seven
of them were regular army divisions, eleven
were organized from the national guard and
eleven from the national army troops.
American combat divisions were in battle
for 200 days from April 25, 1918. when the
1st regular division, after long: training in
quiet sectors, entered an active sector on the
Picardy front, until the signing- of the armi-
stice. During these 200 days they were en-
gaged in thirteen major operations, of which
eleven were joint enterprises with the French.
British and Italians and two were distinctly
American.
At the time of their greatest activity, in
the second week in October, all twenty-nine
-American d'visions were in action. They
then held 101 miles of front, or 23 per cent
of the entire allied battle line. From the
middle of August until the end of the war
they held, during* the greater part of the tjme.
a front longer than that held by the Brit-
ish. Their strength tir>ped the balance of
man power in favor of the allies, so tn*T,
from tho middle of Jimp. 1918. to the end
of the war the allied forces were superior in
number to those of the enemy.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
515
1917
1918
s I *
GQO£iQ
11111111111111111
222222222222222
26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26
42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42
41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41
32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
55555555
33333333
77 77 77 77 77 77 77
82 82 82 82 82 82
35 35 35 35 35 35
282828282828
444444
27 27 27 27 27 27
666666
33 33 33 33 33 33
30 30 30 30 30 30
80 80 80 80 80 80
78 78 78 78 78
83 83 83 83 83
89 89 89 89 89
9292929292
9090909090
3737373737
29 29 29 29 29
76 76 76 76
79 79 79 79
91 91 9191
36363636
85 85 85
777
81 81 81
88 88 88
39 39 39
40 40 40
8787
8484
8686
3434
31
38
8
NUMERICAL DESIGNATIONS
OP AMERICAN DIVISIONS
IN FRANCE EACH MONTH.
The total battle advances of all tlie American
divisions amount to 7b2 kilometers, or 485
miles, an average advance lor each division of
seventeen milea. nearly all of it asrainst des-
perate enemy resistance. They cautured 63 -
000 prisoners, 1,378 pieces of artillery; 708
trench mortars and 9.650 machine sruns. In
June and July they helped to shatter the en-
emy advance toward Paris and to turn retreat
into a triumphant offensive. At St. Mihiel
they pinched off in a day an enemy salient.
which had been a constant menace to the
French line for four years. In the Argonne
and on the Meuse they carried lines which
the enemy had determined to hold at any cost
and cut the enemy lines of communication and
supply for half of the western battle front.
Another measure of American participation
is the effect caused by the raoid arrivals of
American troops on the rifle strengrth of the
allied armies. On April 1 the Germans had
an actual superiority of 324.000 riflemen on
the . western front. Their strenerth increased
during1 the next two months, but began to
drop during June. At the same time the al-
lied strength, with the constantly trrowinu
American forces, was showing a steadv in-
crease, so that the two lines crossed during
June. From that time on allied strength was
always in the ascendancy and since the French
and British forces were weaker in October and
November than they were in April and May.
this growing- ascendancy of the allies was due
entirely to the Americans. By Nov. 1 the
allied rifle etrenerth had a superiority over the
German of more than 600.000 rifles.
THIRTEEN BATTLES.
American troops saw service on practically
every stretch of the western front from Br t-
ish lines in Belsrium to inactive sectors in the
Vasgea. On Oct. 21. 1917. Americans entered
uly 18 to Aue. 6.. 2
8 to Nov. 11......
g-. 18 to Nov. ll.
r. 19 to Nov. 11... 1
I the 1'ne in the auiet Toul sector. From that
date to the armistice American units were
somewhere in line almost continuously.
It is difficult to cut UP the year and twenty-
two days which intervened into well defined
battles, for in a sense the entire war on the
western front was a sinerle battle. It is pos-
sible, however, to distinguish certain major
operations or phases of the ereater strusrcrle.
Thirteen such operations have been reoosrnized
in which American units were encaeed. of
which twelve took place on the western front
and one in Italy. These battles are named
and the number of Americana ensaeed ia
shown herewith:
Americana
Operation. engaged.
West front— Campaign of 1917:
Cambrai. Nov. 20 to Dec. 4
West front— Camnaiern of 1918:
German offensives. March 21 to
July 18—
Somme. March 21 to April 6....
LVB. April 9 to 27
Aisne. May 27 to June 5
Noyon-Montdidier, June 9 to 15.
Cham-paerne-Marne. July 15 to 18.
Allied offensives. July 18 to
Nov. 11—
Aisne-Marne. July 18 to Aufir. 6..
Somme. Auer. 8 t
Oise-Aisne. Aug
Ypres-Lys, Aug.
St. Mihiel. Sept. 12 to 16. ...... .
Meuse-Argonne. Sept. 20-Nov. 11..1,
Italian front— Campaign of 1918:
Vlttorio-Veneto. Oct. 24 to Nov. 4. 1.200
The first major operation in which Ameri-
can troops were engaged was the Cambrai
battle at the end of the campaign of 19-17.
Scattering medical and engineering detach-
ments serving with the British were present
in the action, but sustained no serious casu-
German Offensives.
The campaign of 1918 opened with the
Germans in possession of the offensive. In a
series of five drives of unpiecedented violence
the imperial great staff sought to break the
allied line and end the war. These five drive*
took place in five successive months so as to
take advantage of the light of the moon for
that month. The first drive opened on March
21 on a fifty mile front across the old battle
field of the Somme. In seventeen days of
fighting the Germans advanced their lines
beyond Npyon and Montdidier and were within
twelve miles of the important railroad center
of Amiens with its great stores of British
supplies. In this battle, also known as the
Picardy offensive, approximately 2.200 Amer-
ican troops, serving with the British and
French, were engaged.
The attack upon Amiens had been but par-
tially checked when the enemy struck again
to the north in the Armentieres sector and ad-
vanced for seventeen miles up the valley ol
the Lys. A small number of Americana,
serving with the British, participated in the
Lys defensive.
For their next attack (May 27) the Ger-
mans selected the French front along the
Cnemin des Dames north of the Aisne. The
line from Reims to a little east of Noyon
was forced back. Soissons- fell and on May
31 the Germans reached the Marne valley,
down which they were advancing in the direc-
tion of Paris. At this critical moment our 2d
division, together with elements of the 3d and
28th divisions, was thrown into the line. By
blocking the advance at Chateau Thierry they
rendered great assistance in stopping- perhaps
the most dangerous of the German drives.
The 2d division not only halted the enemy
on its front, but also recaptured from him
the strong tactical positions of Bouresches.
Belleau wood and Vaux.
The enemy had by his offensives established
two salients threatening Paris. He now
sought to convert them into one by a fourth
516
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
terrific blow delivered on a front of twenty-
two miles between Montdidier and Noyon. The
re-eniorced French army resisted firmly and
the attack was halted after an initial advance
of about six miles. Throughout this opera-
tion (June 9-15) the extreme left line ol the
salient was defended by our let division. Even
before the drive beg-an the division had dem-
onstrated the fig-hting qualities of our troops
by capturing- and holding1 the town of Cantigny
(May 28).
There followed a month of comparative
?uiet during1 which the enemy reassembled his
orces for the fifth onslaught. On July IB
The moment chosen by Marshal Foch lor
launching" tne first counteroffensive was July
18, when it was clear that the German Cham-
pagne-Marne drive had spent its force. The
place chosen was the uncovered west flank
of the German salient from the Aisne to the
Marne. The 1st. 2d. 3d. 4th. 26th. 28th.
32d and 42d American divisions, together with
selected French troops, were employed. When
the operation was completed (Aug. 6) the
salient had been flattened out and the allied
line ran from Soissons to Reims along- the
Vesle.
Two days later the British struck at the
AISNE- MARNE
JULY M-AUC £
»VtMOnS IM6AGCD l-Z-Z-4 U-J8-3J
42
o
PARIS
-S9-32-33-35-3r-42-rr-78-79-aO
62-89-90-91 (6 II RESERVE)
5TMIHIEL sot
OfViStOtti CMGACCO 1-2-4-5-2
^RESERVE 3-33-35-78-60-91)
AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE ALLIED OFFENSIVES OF 1918.
h<9 attacked simultaneously on both sides of
Reims, the eastern corner of the salient he
had created by the Aisne drive. To the east
of the city he gained little. On the west he
crossed the Marne, but made slight progress.
His path was everywhere blocked. In this
battle 85.000 American troops were\ engaged
—the 42d division to the extreme east in the
Champagne and the 3d and 28th to the west
near Chateau Thierry.
Allied Offensivet.
The turning1 point of the war had come.
The great German offensives had been stopped.
The initiative now passed from Ludendorff to
Marshal Foch and a series of allied offensives
began, destined to roll back the German
armies beyond the French frontier. In this
continuous allied offensive there may be dis-
tinguished six phases or major operations in
which the American expeditionary forces took
part.
Spmme salient, initiating an offensive which,
with occasional breathing spells, lasted to the
date of the armistice. American participation
in this operation was intermittent. From
Aug. 8 to 20 elements of the 33d division,
which had been brigaded for training- with the
Australians, were in the line and took part
in the capture of Chipilly ridgre. Later the
27th and 30th divisions, who served through-
out with the British, were broug-ht over frpm
the Ypres sector and used in company with
Australian troopa to break the Hindenburg line
at the tunnel of the St. Quentin canal (Sept.
20-Oct. 20).
In the meantime simultaneous assaults were
In progress at other points on the front. On
Aug. 18 Gen. Mangin begran the Oise-Aisne
Phase of the great allied offensive. Starting-
from the Soissons-Reims line, along- which
they had come to rest Aug. 6. the French
armies advanced by successive stages to the
Aisne. to Laon. and on, Nor. 11 were close
ALMANAC AND TEAK-BOOK FOE 1920.
617
to the frontier. In the first stagres of this
advance they were assisted by the 28th. 32d
«*nd 77th American divisions, but by Sept. 15
all of these were withdrawn for the coming-
Meuse-Arg-onne offensive Ql the American
army.
The day after the opening: of the Oise-Aisne
offensive the British launched the first of a
series of attacks in the Ypres sector, which
continued with some interruptions to the time
of the armistice and may be termed the
"Ypres-Lys offensive.'1 Four American divi-
sions at different times participated in this
operation. The 27th and 30th were engraged
in the recapture of Mount Kemmel Augr. o5l
to Sept. 2. The 37th and 91st were with-
Battle of St. Mihiel.
The first distinctly American offensive was
the i eduction of the St. Mihiel salient carried
through from Sept. 12 to Sept. 15. larsrely by
American troops and wholly under the oidera
of the American commander in chief. The
American divisions were aided by French colo-
nial troops and also by French and British
air sauadrons.
Tho attack beeran at 5 a. m., after four
hours of artillery preparation of srreat sever-
ity, and met with immediate success. Before
noon about half the distance between the t ases
of the salient had been covered and the next
moraine: the troops of the 1st and 26th divi-
DiTl-
sion
let
26th
42nd
2nd
77th
5th
62nd
35th
32nd
3rd
89th
29th
26th
90th
37th
33rd
27th
30th
92nd
79th
4th
6th
78th
7th
eist
91st
68th
36th
80th
Total
127
148
125
71
47
71
70
92
60
0
55
59
31
42
50
32
0
0
51
28
7
40
17
31
31
15
28
0
1
1,329
Act!
905
Active
DAYS. SPENT BY EACH DIVISION IN
QUIET AND ACTIVE SECTORS.
drawn from the Meuse-Arg-onne battle and
dispatched to Belgium, where they took part
in tne i
(Oct. 31
With t
•here
> YP
the last stag-es of the Ypres-Lya offensive
~1 to Nov. 11).
the org-anization of the American 1st
army on Aug". 10,
mand of Gen. Pe
. under the personal com-
rshing-. the history of the
American expeditionary forces entered upon a
new stagre. The St. Mihiel (Sept. 12-16) and
Meuse-Arg-onne (Sept. 26-Nov. 11) offensives
were major operations planned and executed
by American g-enerals and American troops.
In addition to the twelve operations ab
mentioned. American troops participated in
the battle of Vittorio-Veneto (Oct. 24 to Nov.
4). which ended in the rout of the Austrian
army.
ove
. met at Vismeulles. cuttinsr off the salient
in twenty-four hours from the besMmin*
ol the movement. Two comparisons between
this operation and the battle of Gettysburg
emphasize the magnitude of the action,
bout 550.000 Americans were engaged at St.
lihiel: the union forces at Gettysburg- num-
bered approximately 1QO.OOO. St Mihiel set
a record for concentration of artillery fire by
a four hour artillery preparation, consuming
more than 1.000.000 rounds of ammunition.
In three days at Gettysburg1 union artillery
fired 33.000 rounds.
The St. Mihiel offensive cost only about
7.000 casualties, or less than one-third the
union losses at Gettysburg-. There were cap-
tured 16.000 prisoners and 443 gnns. A
dangerous enemy salient was reduced, and
American commanders and troops demonstrated
their ability to plan and execute a biff Amer-
ican operation.
Battle of the Meuse-Argonne.
The object of the Meuse-Anronne offensi
aad Gen. Pershine in his report of Nov
«roa "to draw the best German divi
" This
said
1918
to our front and to consume them
nsive,
. 20.
ivision*
____
tence expresses better than any long- description
not only the object but also the outcome of the
battle. Every available American division was
thrown ae-ainst the enemy. Every available
German division was thrown in to meet them.
At the end of forty-seven days of continuous
battle our divisions had consumed the German
divisions.
The g-oal of the American attack was the
S«dan-Mezieres railroad, the main line of sup-
ply for the German forces on the major part
«rf the western front. If this line were cut a
retirement on the whole front would be
forced. This retirement would include, more-
over. evacuation of the Briey iron field*.
518
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
which the Germans had been using to great
advantage to supplement their iron supply.
The defense of the positions threatened was
therefore of such importance as to \yarrant
the most desperate measures for resistance.
When the engagement was evidently impending
the commander of the German 5th army sent
word TO his forces, calling 9n them for un-
yielding resistance and pointing out that de-
feat in this engagement might mean disaster
for the fatherland.
On the first day, the 26th of September, and
the next day or two after that, the lines were
Xltri*. mo-
tion meters
skirts of Sedan ami cut the Sedan-Mezierea
railroad, making the German line untenable
In the meantime (Oct. 2 to 2b) our 2d and
36th divisions had been sent west to assist
the French who were advancing in Champagne
beside our drive in the Argonne. The liaison
detachment between the two armies was for
a time furnished by the 92d division.
In some ways the Meuse-Argonne offers an
interesting resemblance to the Battle of the
Wilderness, fought from May 5 to 12. 1864.
in the civil war. Both were fought over a
terrain covered with tangled woods and under-
Per
cent
9.14
The Wilderness was regarded as a long
Total
KILOMETERS ADVANCED BY EACH DIVI-
SION AGAINST THE ENEMY. ONE KILO-
METER EQUALS 62 MILES.
considerably advanced. Then the resistance
became more stubborn. Each side threw in
more and more of its man power until there
were no more reserves. Many German divi-
sions went into action twice, and not a few
three times, until through losses, they were
far under strength. All through the month
of October the attrition went on. Foot by
loot American troops pushed back the best
of the German divisions. On Nov. 1 the
last stage of the offensive began. The enemy
power began to break. American troops forced
their way to the east bank of the Meuse.
Toward the north they made even more rapid
progress, and in seven days reached the out-
battle, marked by slow progress against obsti-
nate resistance, with very heavy casualties.
Here the similarity ends. The Meuse-Argonn«
, lasted six times as long as the Battle of the
Wilderness. Twelve times as many American
troops were engaged as were on the Union
side. They used in the action ten times a»
many guns and about 100 times as many
rounds of artillery ammunition. The actual
weight of the ammunition fired was greater
than that used by the union forces during
the entire civil war. Casualties were perhaps
four times as heavy as among the northern
troops in the Battle of the Wilderness.
The battle of the Meuse-Argonne was. be-
yond compare, the greatest ever fought by
American troops, and there have been few. if
any. greater battles in the history of the
world. Some of the more important statistical
of the combat are presented in the following
table:
Days of battle 47
American troops engaged 1.200.000
Guns employed in attack 2.417
Rounds artillery ammunition used. .4.214.000
Airplanes used
Tons explosives dropped on enemy...
Tanks used
Miles advanced, maximum .....
Square kilometers of land taken.
Villages and towns liberated .
Prisoners captured . . ,
Artillery pieces captur
Machine gune capture- -.-
Trench mortars captured „
American casualties 120.000
Summary.
1. Two out of every three American soldiers
who reached France took part in battle. The
number who reached France was 2.084.000,
and of these 1.390.000 saw active service at
the front.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
519
2. Of the forty-two divisions that reached
Prance twenty-nine took part in active com-
bat service. Seven of them were regular army
divisions, eleven were organized from the na-
tional iruaid and eleven were made up of na-
tional a^my troops.
3. American divisions were in battle 200
days and engaged in, thirteen major operations.
4. From the middle of August unhl the end
of the war the American divisions held dur-
7. In the battle of St. Mihiel 550.000 Amer
icang were engaged and the artillery fired more
than 1,000.000 shells in four hours, which is
the most intense concentration of artillery fire
recorded in history.
8. The Meuse-Argonne battle lasted for for-
ty-seven days, during1 which 1,200,000 Ameri-
can troops were engaged.
9. The American losses of the war were
49.000 killed and 230.000 wounded.
Per oent,
19.07.
6?,079
GERMAN PRISONERS CAPTURED BY
EACH DIVISION.
lnjr the greater part of the time a front longer
that
than
5. In
held by the British.
October the American divisions held
101 miles of line, or 23 per cent of the en
tire
,
western front.
6. On April 1 the Germans had a superior-
y of 324.000 in rifle strength. Due to Amer-
n arrivals the allied strength exceeded that
the Germans in June and was more than
.000 above it in November.
Casualties and Health.
Of every 100 American soldiers and sailors
who took part in the war with Germany two
were killed or died of disease during tha
period of hostilities. In the northern army
during1 the civil war the number was about
ten. Among the other great nations in this
war. between twenty and twenty-five in each
100 called to the colors were killed or died.
To carry the comparison still further. Amer-
ican losses in this war were relatively one-
fifth as large as during the civil war and
less than one-tenth as large as in the ranks
of the enemy or among- the nations associated
with us.
The war was undoubtedly the bloodiest
which has ever been fought. One possible
competitor might be the Crimean war. in
which the casualty rate per 100 men was
equally heavy. The British forces in the
Crimean war lost twenty-two of every 100
men. the French thirty-one, the Turkish twen-
ty-seven and the Russian forty-three. More
than four-fifths of the losses were, however,
deaths from disease, while in the recent war
with Germany disease deaths were inconsid-
erable as compared with battle deaths. The
forces engaged in the Crimean war were,
moreover, much smaller.
Battle Deaths in World War, 1914-1918.
Russia 1.700000
•: i-goc
Great Britain".'.'."! '. '900000
Austria . 800000
"taly 33(
' rkey 25(
erbia and Montenegro l25.uuu
elgium 102.000
Roumania 100. 000
Bulgaria 100.000
United States ;-, 48.900
Portugal' ' .'.*.* .*.'.' * ! *. ". '. '. .' .'.'.'.'.'.' .' .* .'.*. '..'!! 2!000
Total .7.450.200
The total battle deaths in the recent war
were greater than all the deaths in all the
wars for more than 100 years previous.
From 1793 to 1914 the total deaths in war
may be safely estimated at something under
6.000.000. Battle deaths alone from 1914 to
1918 totaled about 7.450.000.
Russia had the heaviest losses, in spito of
the fact that she withdrew from the war after
the fall of 1917. American losses were third
from the bottom of the list. German losses
were thirty-two times as great as the losses
of the United States, the French, twenty -eight
and the British eighteen times as large.
That American battle losses were not more
severe was> due to the fact that our armies
were in the heavy fighting for only 200 days.
Germany
France
520
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
The heaviest losses were in the Meuse-Argonne
drive from the last week of September until
Nov. 11. The weekly deaths during- a part of
that period were around the 6.000 mark.
Battle Deaths by Services.
The chances of death are much heavier in
the infantry than in any other branch of the
wounds was only 6 per cent as large as the
number who were wounded. The hospital rec-
ords show that about 85 per cent of the men
sent to hospitals on account of injuries re-
turned to duty. About half the wounded were
reported
them wo;
slightly wounded and many of
not have been recorded aa casual-
DiTi-
eion
1st
3rd
28th'
42nd
26th
4th
82nd
77th
27th
50th
6th
33rd
69th
62nd
78th
90th
35th
79th
60th
91st
29th
37th
36th
' 7th
92nd
61st
6th
88th
Total
Other units
Grand total
Battle
deaths
4,419
4,204
3,102
2,531
2,713
2,168
2,587
2,898
,990
.791
,652
,308
,002
,419
1,333
1,359
1,387
960
1,396
'1.141
1,390
940
992
691
302
185
250
.97
27
46,739
2,170
48,909
Total casualties
20,657
19,141
15,052
13,746
13,292
13,000
11,596
10,986
9,966
9,427
9,429
7,975
8,251
7,394
6,890
6,800
6,623
6,894
6,194
6,622
6,106
6,219
4,931
2,119
1,516
1,495
801
479
63
230,664
6,471
237,135
Killed
Wounded
18,154
16,277
16,005
15,168
14,183
13,884
11,956
11,218
11,081
9,883
9,253
8,813
8,228
6,159
8,010
7,854
7,590
6,763
6,496
6,159
5,923
125,076
23,345
0 576
90
[The above figures showing- American casual-
ties in the war were compiled about June 1,
1919. Later figures making- some slight
changes and also giving* additional details will
be found on another pace.]
CASUALTIES SUFFERED BY EACH AMERICAN DIVISION.
. The following table shows tfce num-
ber of battle deaths in each 1.000 men in the
ber of -------- ________
various services who reached F
Service.
Infantry
'ranee:
Officers. Men.
,...55 46
Air 31 1
Tank corps 16 7
Engineer corps 10 6
Artillery 8 6
Cavalry 6 8
Signal corps 5 8
Medical department 4 6
Ordnance 2 3
Quartermaster 1 1
Wounded, Prisoners and Missing.
For every man who was killed in battle,
•even others were wounded, taken prisoner or
reported missing. The total battle casualties
in the expeditionary forces are shown in the
table appended. The number who died of
ties in previous wars. Except for 297 who
died all the prisoners shown in the table re-
turned.
Killed in action... .. 34.180
Died of wounds 14.729
Total dead 48.909
Wounded severely 80.130
Wounded slightly 110.544
Wounded, degree undetermined 39.400
Total wounded 2J
Missing in action
Taken prisoner
Grand total 286.330
The number of men reported as mL
been steadily reduced from a total ol
exclusive of prisoners, to the figure 2.913
shown in the table. This reduction has srona
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
621
on without clearing: any case as dead, except
on evidence establishing beyond doubt the fact
of death. Only 22 per cent of those who were
originally reported as missing- in action have
now been returned as dead. The largest num-
ber have been found in hospitals, while a con-
siderable number have returned to duty after
being1 lost from their units
The work of the central records office of the
American expeditionary forces in clearing- UP
the cases of men listed as missing has been
more successful than that done in any of the
other armies or in any previous great war.
When the records are finally completed there
will be very few American soldiers unac-
1700
ItOO
ease. If the comparison between disease and
battle losses is limited to the expeditionary
forces, battle losses appear more than twice as
large as deaths from disease.
This is the first war in which the United
States has been eng-aged that showed a lower
death rate from disease than from battle.
In previous wars insctnitary conditions at
camps and the ravages of epidemic diseases
have resulted in disease deaths far in excess
of the number killed on the battle field.
Since the time of the Mexican war a steady
improvement has been made in the health of
troops in war operations. The death rate
from disease in the Mexican war was 110 per
year in each 1.000 men: in the civil war this
was reduced to 65: and in the Spanish war
to 26; while the rate in the expeditionary
forces in this war was 19. The battle rate of
53 for the overseas forces is higher than in
any previous war. It is higher than in the
civil war because all of the fighting was con-
centrated in one year, while in the civil war
it stretched over four years. The rates in this
war for the total forces under arms both in
the United States and France from the begin-
ning of the war to May 1. 1919, were 13 lor
battle and 15 for disease.
Control of Disease.
Outstanding causes of the low disease deatk
rate in the war against Germany were: (1)
A highly trained medical personnel. (2) com-
pulso'-y vaccination of the entire army against
typhoid fever. (3) thorough camp sanitation
and control of hospital facilities. There were
at the beginning of the war 2.089 commi*-
sioned medical officers, including the reserve*
During the year 31.251 physicians from aril
IBS
TOTAL BATTLE DEATHS OF ARMIES IN THE EUROPEAN WAR (7,582,000). FIGURES
FOR DEATHS BY COUNTRIES IN THOUSANDS.
counted for. The missing lists of the other
nations still run into the hundreds of thou-
sands.
Battle and Disease Losses.
The total number of lives lost in both the
army and navy from the declaration of war to
May 1. 1919. was 122.500. Deaths in the army,
including marines attached to it. were 112.-
422. About two-thirds of these deaths oc-
curred overseas. Of the 112.422 deaths 43
per cent, or 48.909. were battle deaths: 51 pe-
cent, or 56,991. were deaths from disease, and
6 per cent, or 6.522. were from accident, etc.
There were 768 lost at sea. of which 381 are
included, in the battle deaths, since their loss
was the direct result of submarine activity.
Almost exactly half the losses were from dis-
life were commissioned in the medical corps.
Intestinal diseases such as dysentery, the
typhoids, bubonic plague, cholera and typhus
have ravaged and even obliterated armies '
the past. In the war with Spain typhc
fever alone caused 85 per cent of the tot
deaths. In the war with Germany these
diseases were practically eliminated as causes
of deaths. During the entire war up to May
1. 1919. a total of only 2 328 cases of typhoid
fever were reported and only 227 deaths from
this cause.
Pneumonia was the greatest cause of death
m disease. More than 40.000 died of the
isease. Of these probably 25.000 resulted
from the influenza-pneumonia pandemic which
swept through every camp and cantonmeni
in this country and caused thousands of
fro
dise
522
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
deaths in the expeditionary forces. Up to
Sept. 14. 1918. oaly 9.8iO deaths from dis-
ease had occurred in the army and the death
rate for the period of the war up to that
time was only 5 per year for each 1.000 men.
During the eight weeks from Sept. 14 to the
8th of November 316.089 cases of influenza
and 53,449 cases of pneumonia were reported
among troops in this country. The disease
reached its high point the second week in
October, when four out of each 1.000 troops
under arms in this country died. The rate
subsided at the end of October, but during
ing months remained somewhat
Jin it had been previous to the epi-
[easlee was prevalent during the first
war and was particularly danger-
predecessor of pneumonia. After
vigorous efforts to control it. the number of
cases was greatly reduced. Meningitis caused
nearly 2.000 deaths, ranking next to pneu-
monia. Both of these contagious diseases
were largely the result of bringing numbers of
men together in the confinement of camps
and cantonments where the control of conta-
gion is difficult.
Hospitalization.
At the beginning of the war what was then
considered an extravagant program of hospital
fstruction was entered upon, with the in-
t that in no case should the army lack fa-
ties for the care of the sick. The 1 ollow-
table summarizes the hospital construction
in the United States:
No. Beds.
,1s . 62 88,468
•8 ., ..39 29,383
»OBt hospitals" 48 6.056
Totals ., 149
123.899
The figures aro exclusive of very numerous
mall hospitals alrerdy
dition more than 200 hospitals were put in
hospitals alrerdy in army use. In ad-
operation overseas. On Dec. 1. 1918. then
were available in army hospitals 399,510 beds
in the army Of
9 and 112.220 In
OP 1 bed for every 9 men
these 287.290 were overseas _
this country. The hospital capacity was ex-
ceeded in this country only during the influ-
enza epide.mic. when it became necessary; to
n oetter. natcept dur-
two weeks1 in October, at the height of
take over barracks for hospital purposes. The
overseas record was even better. Ex<
ing- two weeks* in October, at tl
the attack on the Hindenbursr lin_.
ber of patients did not exceed the normal bed
capacity of the hospitals _
there were approximately
emergency beds.
Over 130.000
at that tim-.
30.000 unused
patients have been evacuated
from the expeditionary forces to hospitals in
this country. They have been distributed to
hospitals in this country in accordance with
twofold plan permitting1 the specialization o
hospitals for the most efficient treatment o_
the various kinds of cases and placing- the
convalescents near their homes.
Summary.
1. Of every 100 American soldiers and sail-
ors who served in tiie war with Germany two
were killed or died of disease during the period
of hostilities.
2. The total battle deaths of all nations in
this war were greater than all the deaths In
all the wars in the previous 100 years.
3. Russian battle deaths were 34 times as
heavy as those of the United States, those of
Germany 32 times as great, the French 28
times and the British 18 times as large.
4. The number of American lives lost was
122.500. of which about 10.000 were in the
navy and the rest in the army and the ma-
rines attached to it.
6. In the American army the casualty rate
in the infantry was higher than in any other
•ervice and that for officers was higher than
lor men.
6. For every man killed in battle seven were
ve out of every six men sent to hos-
rounded.
war actually involved. ,_
In addition to this huge
were advanced to the all
pitals on account of wounds were cured and
returned to duty.
8. In the expeditionary forces battle losses
were twice as large as deaths irom disease.
9. In this war the death rate from disease
was lower and the death rate from battle was
higher than in any other previous American
10*. Inoculation, clean camps and safe drink-
ing water practically eliminated typhoid fever
among our troops in this war.
11. Pneumonia killed more soldiers than
were killed in battle. Meningitis was the next
most serious disease.
12. Of each 100 cases of venereal disease
recorded in the United States. 96 were con-
tracted before entering the army and only 4
1 13. During the entire war available hospital
facilities in the American expeditionary forces
were in excess of the needs.
WAR EXPENDITURES.
For a period of twenty-five months, from
April. 1917. through April. 1919. the war cost
the United States considerably more than
81.000.000 an hour. Treasury disbursements
during the period reached a total of $23.j>GO.-
000000. of which $1.650.000.000 may be
charged to the normal expenses which would
have occurred in time of peace. The balance
may be counted as the direct money cost of
the war to the end of April. 1919. a sum of
$21 850.000.000. The figure is twentv times
the prewar national debt. It is nearly large
enough to pay the entire cost of our govern-
ment from 1791 UP to the outbreak of the
European war. Our expenditure in this war
waa sufficient to have carried on the revolu-
tionary war continuously for more than 1.000
years at the rate. of_ expenditure which that
e expenditure loans
lies at the rate of
nearly half a million dollars an hour. Con-
gress authorized lor this purpose $10.000.000.-
000. and there was actually paid to various
governments the sum of $8.850.000.000.
Of the United States erovernment war costs,
the army was responsible for the expenditure
of 64 per cent, or just short of two-thirds of
the entire amount. Through April 30. 1919.
there had been withdrawn from the treasury
on the army account $14.244.061.000. If
there is deducted from this figure what would
bo the normal expenditure for a peace time
army for a similar period there remains a
total of $13.930.000.000 directly chargeable to
the war.
The rate of expenditure for the army and
for the entire government increased rapidly as
the war progressed. During the first »hree
months war expenditures were at the rate of
5?2. 000.000 a day. During- the next year
they averaged more 'than $22.000.000 a day.
For the final ten months of the period the
daily total reached the enonnoxis sum of over
$44.000.000. The very high daily average in
the last period, most of which is in the
months after the termination of hostilities, ia
surprising until we consider that the building-
of ship? for the emergency fleet corporation,
the construction and operation of naval ves-
sels, the food, clothing, pay and land and
ocean transportation of the army have had to
go forward at about the same rate as during-
the war. The srreat flow of munitions and
supplies for the army and navy could not. out
of regard for the industrial balance of the
country, be stopped with too great abruptness.
A considerable number of war time activities
and purchases had still to be paid for as well.
Army Expenditures.
The following table shows the amounts ex-
pended by each important army bureau to
April 30. 1919:
Bureau. Amount. Pet.
Quartermaster corps, pay. $1.831, 273, 000 12.9
Other 6.242.745.000 43.8
Ordnance department 4.087,347.000 28.7
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOH FOE 1920.
623
Bureau. Amount. Pet.
Air service $859,291.000 6.0
Engineer corps 638.974,000 4,5
Medical department 314,544,000 2.2
Sig-nal corps 128 920 000 9
Chemical warfare 83,299,000 .6
Provost marshal 24,301.000 .2
Secretary's office 33,367,000 .2
Totals 14.244.061,000 100.0
The total of our army expenditures equals
the value of all the erold produced in the
whole world from the discovery of America
up to the beginning of the European war.
The single item of pay for the army is larger
th".n the combined salaries of all the public
ammunition, light and heavy artillery and
| ammunition tanks and tractors, of these we
i have a supply more than sufficient to equip
fully an army of a million men and maintain
them in active combat for six months These
munitions are of the best quality and latest
design— Springfield and Enfield rifles. Brown-
ing1 machine guns and automatic rifles, field
guns and howitzers of tried French design.
.
Articlea of miscellaneous equipment are avail-
in like quantity
Liberty
ely
able
Thousands of
e quantity and quality.
s of Liberty motors and service
Planes are immediately available for any
emerg-ency. Engineer. signal and medical
equipment is on hand to the value of million!
of dollars.
WAR EXPENSES OF ALL NATIONS.
The following1 table gives the war expendi-
tures of all nations ut» to May, 1919. The
fisrures are believed to be substantially relia-
ble:
Country. Amount.
Great Britain and dominions. $38.000.000.000
France ...................... 26 000.000 000
Knited States ................ 22.00.0.000.000
ussia ....................... 18.000,000,000
Belsrium. Rqumania. Portugal.
Jug-o Slavia ............... 5.000.000.000
Italy ........................ 13.000.000.000
Japan and Greece ............. 1.000.000.000
Total allies and U. S... . ."^123.000,000,000
Germany .................. .. 39.000,000.000
Austria-Hungary ____ ." ....... 21.000.000.000
Turkey and Bulgaria ......... 3.000.000.000
Total central empires 63
Grand total ...186.0
I
,*£/
TOTAL EXPENDITURES OF BELLIGERENTS IN THE EUROPEAN WAR. FIGURES A1
THE HEAD OF EACH COLUMN INDICATE BILLIONS OF DOLLARS.
school principals and teachers in the United
States for the five years from 1912 to 1916.
Permanent Assets.
As a result of the war efforts large quanti-
ties of munitions, supplies and equipment
have been secured which will be of value for
many years to come. The army now owns
some of the finest docks in the world. The
sixteen national army cantonments and three
of the national guard camps will be retained
permanently as training- camps. A number of
first class aviation fields and depots and bal-
loon schools will be a permanent asset. We
have stocks of most articles of clothing1 suffi-
cient to last our army for a number of years.
There is a large supply of standardized trucks.
As to rifles and machine guns and their
It is noteworthy that the United States spent
about one-eierhth of the entire cost of the war
and something1 less than onf-fifth of the ex-
penditures on the allies side.
Summary.
1. The war cost th« United States consider-
ably more than SI. 000. 000 an hour for over
tW2° TherSdirect cost was about $22.000.000.-
000. or nearly enough to pay the entire cost
ot running1 the United States government from
1791 UP to the outbreak of the Euronean war.
3. Our expenditure in this war was suffi-
.
cient to have carried on the revolutionary war
years at the
war actually
continuously for more than 1.000 years at the
rate of expenditure which that
involved.
524
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Elflea
Great Britain
France
United States
1,963,514
1,396,938
2,505,910
Machine Guns and Automatic Rifles
Great Britain 179,127
France 223,317
United States
181,662
Elfle and Machine Gtm Arammition
Great Britain 3,428^195,000
France 2,959,285,000
United States 2,879,148,000
Smokeless Powder
Great Britain-
Franca
United State?
High Explosive
Great Britalz*
France
United .States
291,706,000
342,155,000
632,504,000
765,110,000.
702,964,000
375,656.000
PRODUCTION OF ARTICLES OP ORDNANCE FROM APRIL 6. 1917, TO NOV. 11. 1918.
April. 1919. the daily average was over S44.-
COO. 000.
7. Although the army expenditures are lew
than two-thirds of our total war costs, they
are nearly eaual to the value of all the gold
produced in the world from the discovery of
America UP to the outbreak of the European
war*
8. The pay of the army during- the war
cost mom than the combined salaries of all
the public school principals and teachers in
4. In addition to this huge expenditure
nearly $10.000.000,000 has been loaned by
the United States to the allies.
5. The army expenditures have been over
S14.000.000.000. or nearly two-thirds of our
total war costs.
6. During the first three months our war
expenditures were at the rate of S2.000.000
per day. During the next year they averaged
more than $22,000.000 a day. For the final
ten months of the period from April. 1917. to
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS.
10.
11.
12.
if:
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Allied and associated nations.
Duration of the War
War declared War declared
by central against central
powers. powers.
Serbia July 28, 1914.. Aug. 9. 1914
Russia* Aug. 1. 1914. .Nov. 3. 1914
France Aug. 3, 1914 .Aug. 3. 1914
Belgium Aug. 4, 1914. .Aug. 4. 1914
Great Britain Nov. 23. 1914. .Aug. 4. 1914
Montenego Aug. 9, 1914 .Aug. 6. 1914
Japan Aug. 27. 1914. .Aug. 23. 1914
Portugal Mar. 9, 1916. .Nov. 23. 1914
Italy May 23. 1915
San Marino June 6, 1915
Roumaniat Aug. 29. 1916. .Aug. 27. 1916
Greece .7. Nov. 23. 1916
United States Apr. 6. 1917
Panama Apr. 7. 1917
Cuba Apr. 7. 1917
Siam July 22, 1917
Liberia Aug. 4. 1917
China ...Aug. 14, 1917
Brazil Oct. 26. 1917
Guatemala Apr. 21. 1918
Nicaragua May 6. 1918
Haiti July 12, 1918
Honduras July 19. 1918
•Treaty March 3, 1918. fTreaty March «, 191&
Duration of war.
Teare.Months.Days.
4 3
14
3 7
3
3
8
3
7
3
7
3
6
2
19
11
19
19
1
4
10
11
18
7
5
7
4
7
4
3
20
3
8
2
28
16
0
21
«
:: I
aS
23
ALMANAC AND TEAS-BOOK FOB 1920.
52ft
6E16UN
CgftlSR AHTRiUH
JEli%g%8gg88%^^
i*j%£22%32%3%2^^
Uii^%%%^%^^%^^
81
23
90
Apr. 20
Apr* 20
Apr.. 90
Bay 10
Hay 20
Hay 90
June 10
June 2Q
90
10
July 20
July 90
Aug. 10
lug. 20
Aug. 90
Sept. 10
Sept. 20
Sept. 90
Oot. 10
}0ot. 20
Oct. 30
•or. 11
PBB CENT OF FRONT LINE HELD BY EACH ARMY IN 1918. ITALIAN TROOPS ABB
INCLUDED WITH THE FRENCH AND THE PORTUGUESE WITH THE BRITISH.
United States for the five years from
a%%8%s%%0%!^^
1912 to 1916.
9. The total
war costs of all nations were
.
about 8186.000.000.000. of which the allies
and the United States spent two-thirds and
the
my one-third.
'he three nations spending the greatest
amounts were Germany. Great Britain and
'o?n*g
France, in that order. After them come t&«
United States and Austria-Hungary, with sub-
stantially equal expenditures.
11. The United States spent about one-eighth
of the entire cost of the war. and something
less than one-fifth of the expenditures of th«
Gen. John J. Pershing1. who arrived in France
June 13. 1917. to prepare the way for the
American expeditionary forces, returned to
America Sept. 8, 1919. Both before and after
his return he was the recipient of many signal
marks of honor because of the distinguished
part he and the great army under his com-
mand had taken in the war resulting in the
defeat of the central powers and their allies.
Bulgaria and Turkey. Riding at the head of
picked American troops, he was acclaimed by
millions in the victory celebrations in Paris
July 14 and London July 19, 1919, as the
chief representative of America's share in the
victory. All of the allied countries awarded
him the highest military decorations in their
power to give. King Albert of Belgium be-
stowed upon him the Order of Leopold. April
4, 1919: England made him a knight of the
grand cross of the Order of the Bath, July 17,
1919: France gave him the grand cross of
Legion of Honor Aug. 3. 1918: King Victor
Emmanuel conferred upon him the grand crosa
of the Military Order of Savoy Aug. 18, 1919:
Roumania gave him the decoration of the
Order of Michael the Brave in December. 1918,
and he was also decorated by Belgium, Monte-
negro, Panama and other countries.
June 25. 1919, Oxford university conferred
upon Gen. Pershing the degree of doctor of
HONORS FOB GEN. JOHN J. PEBSHING.
honored in a similar way by Cambridge uni-
versity. He was awarded the gold medal of
the city of Paris July 3. 1919 and on July
18, 1919. the city of London presented him
with a gold mounted and jeweled sword of
honor bearing the inscription:
"Presented by the corporation of the city of
London to Gen. John J. Pershing, G. C. B..
commander in chief of the American expedi-
tionary forces, in testimony of its high appre-
ciation of the valuable services rendered by
him and the troops under his command in the
cause of freedom in the great war just con-
cluded."
On July 26, 1919. Gen. Pershing was pre-
sented by the Franco-American committee in
Paris with an artistic plate inspired by his
historic words, "Lafayette, we are here." ut-
tered at the time he laid a wreath on the
tomb of America's great friend June 15. 1917.
soon after his arrival in France.
After the conclusion of the armistice on Nov.
11, 1918. Gen. Pershing first devoted his ener-
gies to organizing the American army of occu-
pation in Germany and then to the sending
home for demobilization as rapidly as possible
of the soldiers under his command. This
work was practically accomplished in the sum-
mer of 1919 and by the end of September only
civil lawa and on July 24 following he was those forces assigned to remain for an
626
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
inite time in the occupied area remained in
Europe. On July 12 Gen. Pershing transferred
his headquarters from Chaumont to Paris and
on Aug1. 22 these headquarters were also def-
initely closed.
On Sept. 1 Gen. Pershing1 sailed for America
on the Leviathan. Just before leaving- he
made an address of farewell to France — "to
her gallant poilus. to her patriotic men and
to her noble women." "The American army."
he said, "in fulfillment of the will of the
people came to France because we stood for
the same principles of right and because the
common ideals of the two countries called for
mutual action upon this foundation. Close
comradeship and co-operation rapidly moluoti
our fresh and aggressive young1 manhood into
a army which under you [Marshal Foch] as
the allies' leader wag to turn the tide of the
war. In leaving1 with France our dead we are
consoled that their graves will be tenderly
cared for and become a sacred shrine that will
still more firmly bind us together."
The address was in reply to one by Marshal
Foch. who came aboard the transport a little
while before it sailed. "In leaving- France,"
the marshal said, "you leave your dead in our
hands. On our soil we will care for them
religiously and zealously, as bearing- witness
to the powerful aid you brought us. These
dead bind still more strongly our already close
Union."
The Leviathan arrived at New York Sept. 8
and all the way up the harbor and on landing-
Gen. Pershing- was greeted with popular enthu-
siasm as well as with official greetings deliv-
ered personally or by message from innumer-
able personages. Mayor Hylan of New York.
Secretary of War Baker and Chief of Staff
March were among- the most notable of the
men who personally bade him welcome home.
President Wilson who had already begun his
Bpeechmaking- tour of the country in defense
of the league of nations, sent a telegram in
which he said: "You have served the coun-
try with fine devotion and admirable efficiency
in a war forever memorable as the world's
triumphant protest against injustice and its
vindication of liberty— the liberty of peoples
and of nations."
On the afternoon of Sept. 9 Gen. Pershing-
appeared before 30.000 school children of New
York in Central park, each waving a small
American flag-. Brief exercises were held and
the g-eneral thanked the children for their pa-
triotism during- the war. The next day Gen.
Pershing- led 25.000 veterans of the 1st divi-
sion of reg-ularg on a parade down Fifth ave-
nue. New York, with some 2.000.000 persons
crowding up to the line of march to see him
and them. On the llth the general attended
a mass meeting- and reception given in his
honor at Madison Square Garden and on the
following1 day left for Washington, where he
was given another hearty -welcome home. In
the capital on Sept. 17 he led another parade
of the 1st division down Pennsylvania avenue
and was again applauded by hundreds of thou-
sands of spectators.
The final mark of honor bestowed upon Gen.
Pershing by his own country was when con-
gress at a joint session of the house and sen-
ate formally thanked him for his services in
the war. He had b^en given the distinguished
service medal on Nov. 16. 1918. and by au-
thority granted to the president Sept. 4 had
been given the rank and title of "general of
the armies of the United States" and the only
remaining distinction that could be conferred
upon him by congress was the vote of thanks.
The resolution as passed by both houses and
presented to him in person at a joint session
on Sept. 17 was as follows:
"The thanks of the American people and
the congress of the United States are due. and
are hereby tendered, to Gen. John J. Pershinff
for his highly distinguished services as com-
mander in chief of the American expeditionary
forces in Europe and to the officers and men
under his command for their unwavering duty
and valor throughout the war."
The program for the joint session consisted
of speeches of welcome and congratulation
by Senator Albert B. Cummins of Iowa (in
the absence of the vice-president), for the
senate. Speaker Frederick H. Gillett for the
house and Champ Clark for Missouri, the
R-eneral's native state, and a response by Gen.
Pershing1.
Having- received by name the thanks of con-
gress Gen. Pershing- is entitled to admission
to the floor of the house of representatives.
HONORED BY CONGRESS.
Following- is a list of officers of the army
who have by name been thanked or presented
with medals or swords by congress:
Thanks of Congress.
Lieut.-Col. Joseph Bailey... ...June 11. 1864
Maj.-Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks. .. .Jan. 28. 1864
Maj.-Gen. Jacob Brown Nov. 3. 1814
Maj.-Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside..Jan. 28. 1864
Maj.-Gen. E. P. Gaines Nov. 3. 1814
Maj.-Gen. U. S. Grant Dec. 17. 1863
Maj.-Gen. W. S. Hancock April 21. 1866
Maj.-Gen. W. H. Harrison April 4, 1818
Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker Jan. 28. 1864
Maj.-Gen. O. O. Howard Jan. 28. 1864
Maj.-Gen. Andrew Jackson Feb. 27. 1815
Brig-.-Gen. Nathaniel Lyon Dec. 24. 1861
Maj.-Gen. Alexander McComb Nov. 3, 1814
Maj.-Gen. George G. Meade Jan. 28. 1864
Maj.-Gen. John J. Pershing Sept. 18. f919
Maj.-Gen. W. S. Rosecrans- March 3, 1863
Maj.-Gen. Winfield Scott March 9. 1848
Maj.-Gen. P. H. Sheridan Feb. 9. 1865
Maj.-Gen. W. T. Sherman Feb. 19. 1864
Maj.-Gen. W. T. Sherman Jan. 10, 18t>5
Maj.-Gen. Zachary Taylor July 16. 1846
Maj.-Gen. Zachary Taylor March 2, 1847
Maj.-Gen. Zachary Taylor March 9. 1848
Bvt.-Maj.-Gen. Alfred H. Terry. ..Jan. 24, 1865
Maj.-Gen. Georpe H. Thomas. .March 3. 1865
Bvt.-Maj.-Gen. J. E. Wool Jan. 24. 1854
Gold Medals.
Maj.-Gen. Jacob Brown Nov. 3, 1814
Col. George Crogan Feb. 13. 1835
Maj.-Gen. E. P. Gaines Nov. 3, 1814
Maj.-Gen. U. S. Grant Dec. 17. 1863
Maj.-Gen. W. H. Harrison April 4, 1818
Maj.-Gen. Andrew Jackson Feb. 27. 1815
Maj.-Gen. Alexander McComb Nov. 3. 1814
Brig-.-Gen. James Miller Nov. 3, 1814
Brig-.-Gen. E. P. Porter...' Nov. 3, 1814
Brig-.-Gen. E. W. Ripley Nov. 3. 1814
Maj.-Gen. Winfield Scott Nov. 3, 1814
Maj.-Gen. Winfield Scott March 9. 1848
Maj.-Gen. Zachary Taylor July 16. 1846
Maj.-Gen. Zachary Taylor March 2. 1847
Maj.-Gen. Zachary Taylor March 9. 1848
Swords.
Lieut. Cyrus A. Baylor Feb. 13, 1835
Maj.-Gen. W. O. Butler March 2, 1847
Ensig-n Joseph Duncan Feb. 13. 1835
Brig.-Gen. T. L. Hamer March 2. 1847
Maj.-Gen. J. P. Henderson March 2, 1847
Capt. James Hunter Feb. 13. 1835
Lieut. Benjamin Johnston Feb. 13, 1835
Col. Richard M. Johnson April 4, 1818
Lieut. John Meek Feb. 13, 1835
Brip.-Gen. J. A. Quitman March 2. 1847
Ensign Edmond Shipp Feb. 13. 1835
Brig-.-Gen. T. E. Twiprgs March 2, 1847
Bvt.-Maj.-Gen. John E. Wool Jan. 24, 1854
Brig.-Gen. W. J. Worth March 2. 1847
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
627
WORK OF THE RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL.
Following1 is the fu11 text of a statement
issued by Henry P. Davison, chairman of the
war council of the American Bed Cross, Feb.
28, 1919:
The war council of the American Bed Cross
appointed by President Wilson on May 10,
1917, to carry on the work of the American
Bed Cross during- the war, will at its re-
quest and by vote of the central committee
cease to exist to-morrow.
Immediately the armistice was signed the
war council instituted studies to determine
when the strictly war work of the organiza-
tion would have been sufficiently matured to
enable the direction of affairs to be resumed
by the permanent staff. Henry P. Davison,
being in Paris when the armistice was signed,
summoned a conference there of the heads of
all the Bed Cross commissions in Europe to
canvass the situation. After considering all
the factors it was concluded to make the tran-
sition on March 1. The very fortunate choice
of Dr. Livingston Farrand as the new chair-
man of the central committee, and thereby
the permanent chief executive of the Bed
Cross, makes possible the consummation of
this plan under the most favorable condi-
tions.
Detailed reports to congress and a complete
audit of its accounts by the war department
Will constitute the final record of Bed Cross
activity during the war. Although it has been
the rule to make public all expenditures when
authorized and to give detailed information
relative to all work undertaken, the war coun-
cil in /turning over its responsibilities to Dr,
Farrand and his associates desires to give a
brief resume of Bed Cross war time activities
to the American people, to whom the Bed
Cross belongs and whose generous contribu-
tions have made possible all that has been
accomplished.
During1 the last twenty-one months the
American people have given in cash and sup-
plies to the American Bed Cross more than
$400.000.000. No value can be placed upon
the contributions of service which have been
given without stint and oftentimes at great
sacrifice by millions of our people.
The effort of the American Bed Cross in
this war has constituted by far the largest
voluntary gifts of money, of hand and heart,
ever contributed purely for the relief of hu-
man suffering. Through the Bed Cross the
heart and spirit of the whole American peo-
ple have been mobilized to take care of our
own. to relieve the misery incident to the war.
and also to reveal to the world the supreme
ideals of our national life.
Every one who has had any part in this war
effort of the Bed Cross is entitled to congratu-
late himself. No thanks from any one could
be equail in value to the self-satisfaction every
one should feel for the part taken. Fully
8,000.000 American women have exerted them-
selves in Bed Cross service.
When we entered the war the American Bed
Cross had about 500,000 members. To-day,
as the result of the recent Christmas mem-
bership roll call, there are upward of 17.-
000 000 full-paid members, outside of the
members of the junior Bed Cross, numbering1,
perhaps, 9,000.000 school children additional.
The chief effort of the Bed Cross during1 the
war has been to care for our men in service
and to aid our army and navy wherever the
Bed Cross may be called on to assist. As
to this phase of the work. Surgeon-General
Ireland of the United States army recently
said: "The Bed Cross hps been an enterprise
as vast as the war itself. From the begin-
ning it has done those things which the army
medical corps wanted done but could not do
itself."
Red Cross Endeavor in France.
The Bed Cross endeavor in France has nat-
urally been upon an exceptionally large scale
where service has been rendered to the Amer-
ican army and to the French army and the
French people as well, the latter particularly
during the trying period when the allied world
was waiting for the American army to arise
in force and power. Hospital emergency serv-
ice for our army in France has greatly dimin-
ished, but the Bed Cross is still being called
upon for service upon a large scale in the
great base hospitals, where thousands of Amer-
ican sick and wounded are still receiving at-
tention. At these hospitals the Bed Cross
supplies huts and facilities for the amusement
and recreation of the men as they become con-
valescent. Our army of occupation in Germany
was followed with medical units prepared to
render the same emergency aid and supply
service which was the primary business of the
Bed Cross during hostilities. The army can-
teen service along the lines of travel has actu-
ally increased since the armistice.
As for work among the French people, now
that hostilities have ceased the French them-
selves naturally prefer as far as possible to
provide for their own. It has accordingly
been determined that the guiding1 principle of
Bed Cross policy in France henceforth shall
be to have punctilious regard to its every
responsibility, but to direct its efforts prima-
rily to assisting French relief societies. The
liberated and devastated regions of France
have been divided by the government into
small districts, each officially assigned to a
designated French relief organization.
The American Bed Cross work in France
was initiated by a commission of eighteen
men who landed on French shores June 13.
1917. Since then some 9.000 persons have
been upon the rolls in France, of whom 7,-
000 were actively engaged when the armistice
was signed. An indication of the present
scale of the work will be obtained from the
fact that the services of 6.000 persons are
still required.
Our American expeditionary force having
largely evacuated England, the activities of
the Bed Cross commission there are naturally
upon a diminishing- scale. Active operations
are still in progress in Archangel and Siberia.
The work in Italy has been almost entirely
on behalf of the civilian population of that
country. In the critical hours of Italy's
smuggle the American people, through their
Bed Cross, sent a practical message of sym-
pathy and relief, for which the government
and people of Italy have never ceased to ex-
press their gratitude.
In the Near East.
The occasion for such concentration of ef-
fort in Italy. Ehgland. Belgium, and even in
France, having naturally and normally dimin-
ished, it has been possible to divert supplies
and personnel in large measure to the aid of
those people in the near east who have hither-
to been inaccessible to outside assistance, but
whose sufferings have been upon an appalling-
scale. The needs of these peoples are so vast
that grovernment alone can meet them, but
the American Bed Cross is making an effort
to relieve immediately the more acute distress.
An extensive group of American workers
has been dispatched to carry vitally needed
supplies, and to work this winter in the va-
rious Balkan countries. In order to co-ordi-
nate their activities, a Balkan commission has
been established, with headquarters at Borne,
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Italy, from which point alone all the Balkan
centers can be reached promptly.
A commission has just reached Poland with
doctors and nurses, medical supplies, and food
for sick children and invalids. An American
Bed Cross commission has also been appointed
to aid in relieving1 the suffering: of Russian
prisoners still confined in German prison
camps.
An important commission is still working: in
Palestine. Through the war special co-opera-
tion has been given to the Armenian and
Syrian relief commission, which was the only
agency able to carry relief in the interior of
Turkish dominions.
Red Cross effort is thus far-flung-. It will
continue to be so. But the movement repre-
sented in this work has likewise assumed an
intimate place in the daily life of our people
at home. The army of workers which has
been recruited and trained during- the war
must not be demobilized. All our experience
in the war shows clearly that there is an un-
limited field for service of the kind which
can be performed with peculiar effectiveness
by the Red Cross. What its future tasks may
be it is yet impossible to forecast. We know
that so long- as there is an American army in
the field the Red Cross will have a special
function to perform.
Nothing could be of greater importance to
the American Red Cross than the plans just
eet in motion by the five great Red Cross
societies of the world to develop a program
of extended activities in the interest of hu-
manity. The conception involves not alone
efforts to relieve human suffering, but to pre-
vent it: not alone a movement by the people
of an individual nation, but an attempt to
arouse all people to a sense of their respon-
sibility for the welfare of their fellow beings
throughout the world. It is a program both
ideal and practical. Ideal in that its supreme
aim is nothing less than veritable "Peace on
earth, good will to men," and practical in that .
it seeks to take means and measures which '
are actually available and make them effective
in meeting without delay the crisis which is
daily recurrent in the lives of all peoples.
For accomplishing its mission in the years
of peace which must lie ahead of us the Red
Cross will require the ablest possible leader-
ship, and must enjoy the continued support,
sympr-thy and participation in its work of the
whole American people. It is particularly
fortunate that such a man as Dr. Livingston
Farrand should have been selected as the per-
manent head of the organization. The un-
stinted fashion in which all our people gave
of themselves throughout thfe war is the best
assurance that our Red Cross will continue to
receive that co-operation which will make its
work a source of pride and inspiration to
every American.
COMMISSIONER IN EUROPE.
In conformity with plans for carrying: out
of Red Cross postwar activities abroad, the
office of commissioner in Europe was created
in March. 1919. to take the place of the com-
mission for Europe, a body established in No-
vember. 1918. Robert E. Olds, one of the pio-
neers of the commission for France, was ap-
pointed to the new position with the assimi-
lated rank of lieutenant-colonel.
RECORD OF THE BRITISH GUARDS.
The following- figures will indicate the losses
sustained and honors won by some of the fa-
mous British guard regiments (foot) in the
fig-hting in France from August, 1914. to Nov.
Grenadier Guards— Killed. 203 officers. 4.436
other ranks.
Wounded, 242 officers. 6,934 other ranks.
Missing, two officers. 85 other ranks
Decorations won— V. C.. 7; D. S. O.. 51: mil-
itary cross. 137; D. C. M.. 152: military
Coldtst^am6Guards— Killed. 158 officers. 3.448
Woundedai324 officers, 9.435 other ranks.
Missing. 3 officers. 110 other ranks.
Decorations won— V. C.. 7: D. S. O.. 40: mil-
itary cross. 121: D. C. M.. 152; military
Scots^Guards— Killed. 108 officers. 2.026 other
Wounded, 149 officers. 4,002 other ranks.
Missing, 595 N. C. O.'s >and men. No of-
ficers.
Decorations won— V. C., 5; D. S. O.. 24: mil-
itary cross. 97: D. C. M., 89: military
medal. 332.
Irish Guards— Killed. 108 officers. 2.149 other
ranks.
Wounded, 199 officers. 5.540 other ranks.
Missing. 7 officers, 100 other ranks.
Decorations won— V. C.. 4; D. S. O.. 15: mil-
itary cross. 63; D. C. M.. 75; military
medal. 195.
Welsh Guards— Killed. 33 officers. 820 other
ranks.
Wounded. 55 officers. 1.700 other ranks.
Missing, no officers, 2 other ranks.
Decorations won— V. C., 1 ; D. S. O.. 10: mil-
itary cross. 30; D. C. M.. 20; military
medal. 147.
Guards Machine Gun Regiment (4th Bn.)—
Killed. 6 officers. 174 other ranks.
Wounded, 19 officers. 1,579 other ranks.
Missing. 1 officer.
Decorations won— D. S. O., 2: military cross.
25; D. C. M.. 23; military medal. 67.
DEMOBILIZATION
Immediately after the armistice on Nov.
11 1918, the work of sending back to
America the officers and men of the army of
more than 2,000,000 sent to France was be-
g%m. It was done as expeditiously as pos-
sible, all available transports and warships
being used for the purpose. The main ports
of debarkation were Brest and St. Nazaire in
France, though other ports in that country
and in England were used. No serious mis-
haps occurred, and by Nov. 1, 1919, the task
had been almost completed. Only a few
thousand men and officers, mostly regulars,
remained in France and the occupied part of
Germany.
OF THE ARMY.
On their arrival in the United States the
soldiers were sent to the camps nearest -their
homes and given their discharge papers. The
system of demobilizing the men prevented
any great parade like that which took place
in Washington at the close of the civil war.
Divisional parades were held in New York
and Washington. Parades by smaller units
took place by the hundreds in all the chief
cities of the United States and continued
throughout the spring and summer until most
of the troops had returned home. Every ef-
fort, was made to show honor to the men
who had fought for their country on the
battle fields of France.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN
FINANCIAL, STATEMENT.
The following financial statement covering
the period from April 26. 1917. to March 31.
1919 was issued by the national war work
council of the Young Men's Christian associ-
ations of the United States on July 7. 1919:
Receipts.
Contributions— First campaign. 85.100.005.22
Second campaign 53.110.030.27
Third campaign 65.037.410.80
Overseas 92.455.80
123.346.508.09
1.113.009.90
481.009.00
130.955.50
203.851.05
125.282.859.54
7.887.633.36
20.225.947.96
570.493.56
1.503.033.95
Total
Miscellaneous donations
Interest balances ,
Interest securities
Miscellaneous income
Total receipts ,
Expenditures.
United States^Buildings ,
Camp activities
Local war work
Military dept. headquarters.
Total
Overseas— Buildings
Field activities
Gibraltar and Corfu
Headquarters expenses
Total 43.089.242.07
Loss on operations 1.478.084.14
Loss on foreign exchange 2.432.089.70
Work with allied armies, etc.. 14.409.175.95
New York headquarters 8.104.802.40
Recruiting: secretaries 2.452.196.36
Training secretaries 604.306.05
Total expenditures 97.817.005.50
Balance 27.465.854.04
Current Assets.
Accounts receivable 9.735.366.75
Canteen supplies 6,992.591 .90
Liberty bonds, certificates 7.650.00
Cash 27.597.558.07
30.187.108.83
10.453,727.38
30.769.351.66
68.957.12
1.797.205.91
Total assets 43.333.166.72
Current Liabilities.
Accounts payable (U. S.)
Accounts payable, overseas....
Remittances for transfer
Reserve for leased properties..
For trucks, supplies, etc
Insurance, freight, etc
2.792.964.94
6.594.720.13
1.627.285.92
597.471.76
3.022.533.71
1.232.331.22
Total liabilities 15.867.312.68
DETAILS OF EXPENDITURES.
Work With, Allied Armies, 1917-1919.
France $6.738.744.31
Great Britain 497.369.79
Italy 3.139.951.68
Russia 4.805.935.77
Other allies 860,694.41
Total 16.042.095.96
With Prisoners of War.
In Germany 117.988.68
In Denmark 99.087.34
In Austria-Hungary 140.812.49
In Switzerland 247.9.~>0.81
In Turkey 56.200.41
In other countries 390.545.39
Total 1.058.591.12
New York Headquarters.
Office expenses 323,657.32
Comptroller's department 119.965.65
Purchasing division 141.097.41
Office equipment 105,094.48
Religious bureau 93.272.38
Construction department 20.191.28
ASSOCIATION WAR WORK.
Treasurer's department
Interest on loans
Insurance premiums
Conference expenses
Executive department
Intelligence department
Educational bureau
Accounting bureaus
Other bureaus
Unclassified
$77.276.50
77.155.83
63.584.83
58.546.74
45.770.40
20.396.30
32,974.29
110.186.53
270.549.66
347.705.79
Total 1.913.425.48
WAR WORK SUMMARIZED.
Figures arc now available showing: the quan-
tity of some of the materials required and
purchased by the Y. M. C. A. during the pe-
riod beginning with July. 1917. and ending
with March. 1919. to carry out the program of
giving pleasures, luxuries and conveniences to
more than 4,000.000 men mobilized at home
and abroad. The materials reached the men
through nearly 1.000 Y. M. C. A. huts in the
home camps and through 1.965 Y. M. C. A.
buildings in France.
To transport supplies and facilities the Y. M.
C. A. used approximately 1.300 automobiles
and trucks. Of these 916 were bought in
America at an expense of more than $1.000.-
000 and shipped abroad.
Equipment was provided for baseball, box-
ing, football, volley ball, basket ball and other
games. Among the articles bought and sent
abroad or to the home camps were the follow-
ing:
Baseballs 1,197,768
Bats (for overseas) 155.293
Mitts 44.278
Fielders' gloves 91.060
Catchers' ma:^ks 21.875
Sets of bases 1.658
Pairs of boxing gloves 69.296
Footballs 122.788
Volley balls 43.096
Basketballs 42.941
Medicine balls 9.405
Religious and Other Literature.
In the camps at home and in the work over-
seas, the Y. M. C. A., from the time America
entered the war until the end of the period
under review. March 31. 1919. distributed 5.-
500.000 copies of the new testament, the bible
and other scripture portions and also 20.-
000.000 copies of religious pamphlets, book-
lets and books, or a grand total of 25,500 000.
The Y. M. C. A. expended almost $1.500.000
in the purchase of 6.803.178 books and pam-
phlets for distribution abroad, a portion of
which were textbooks necessary to its educa-
tional program. Ultimately these textbooks
were taken over, with the educational work,
by the army. In addition the Y. M. C. A. ex-
pended $228.405.45 for hundreds of thousands
of copies of American magazines for the men.
To keep a steady flow of letters from the
men in service to the relatives and friends at
home, the Y M. C. A. provided almost a mil-
lion and three quarters of pen points for the
use of the men abroad and more than a mil-
lion for the men in the United States. More
than 360.000 penholders were required and
more than 2.000.000 pencils.
To the men abroad the Y. M. C. A gave
more than 400.000.000 sheets of letter paper,
almost half as many envelopes and 16.000,000
postcards. It has been estimated that the en-
velopes sent to France would have reached
five times the distance from New York to
Brest. The envelopes alone suppli-ed the home
camps totaled 270.000.000. All Y. M. C. A.
stationery was distributed without charge.
In addition to subscribing to American mag-
azines for the men. the Y. M. C. A began
Oct. 8. 1917. the publication of periodicals at
the various home camps. In tbe beginning it
published thirty-two, but this number had in-
630
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
creased at the time of the signing of the
armistice to forty -five. The total weekly cir-
culation of these periodicals was approxi-
mately 700.000.
Entertainment.
The entertainment phase of the Y. M. C. A.
war work was made up of two distinct divi-
sions. The first of these was devoted to that
type of entertainment which necessitated the
sending to the home camps and abroad actors,
musicians, vaudeville performers, dramatic di-
rectors for training: soldier talent, lecturers
and theatrical supplies.
In carrying out this part of its program, the
Y. M. C. A. sent 675 lecturers and entertainers
overseas and made possible the presentation
of more than 34.000 entertainments under its
auspices, in Europe, to audiences varying from
a few hospital pat.ents to 5,000 men. Y. M.
C. A. entertainments of this type in the home
camps totaled 97.521. with an aggregate at-
tendance estimated at approximately 43.-
600.000.
Motion Pictures.
The other division of this work was the field
of the motion picture. Prom May 15. 1917,
to March 31. 1919, the cinema department of
the Y. M. C. A. gave the following showings:
In France and occupied Germany ...... 114,000
On transports and in the navy ........ 98,400
In home camps ........................ 109,5(58
In the West Indies ..................... 10,600
In England ............................ 12,500
Among allied armies and prisoners ..... 40,000
Total ................................ 385,068
The Y. M. C. A. sent more than 1,600 mo-
tion picture machines to Europe and used ap-
proximately 800 in this country. More than
13,000.000 feet of film were sent or purchased
abroad and shown repeatedly. The total at-
tendance of soldiers in France alone between
August, 1917 and April, 1919, was in excess
of 60,000,000. Not a cent was charged for
any of the entertainment provided.
Remittance Service.
For the convenience of the men in the serv-
ice the Y. M. C. A. conducted in this period
a banking business which involved handling
approximately $38,000,000. It sold postal and
express money orders at regular rates. In
February. 1918. the Y. M. C. A. organized a
soldiers' remittance bureau for transmitting
money from the soldiers and sailors overseas
to their families in this country. The service
was conducted without charge to the men.
The New York office up to March 31, 1919,
disbursed 306,486 remittances, representing
$18,159,929.84, or an average of $59.25 per
remittance. On July 1, 1919, only 585 remit-
tances, or less than one-fifth of 1 per cent.
remained undelivered due to incorrect addresses
of payees or the impossibility of locating the
original remitters.
Post Exchanges and Canteens.
On Aug. 20. 1917, the commander-in-chief
of the A. E. F.. asked the organization to
undertake the management of the post ex-
changes in order to release for combat soldiers
who would otherwise be needed to conduct the
.
''Inasmuch as this exchange service has been
entlAelyvVOTirUnXa1^ and as the Principal object
of the Y. M. C. A. is to minister to the needs
of our soldiers it is not believed that any reg-
ulations are necessary which would fix the
percentage of Profits The history and repu-
tation of the Y. M. C. A. are sufficient guar-
antees against any unreasonable conduct of the
exchanges. Sales will be made at a slight
r cost plus cost of operations of
o ?£ the army authorities it was
arranged that the post exchanges should be
made as nearly self-supporting as possible.
Under the original army authorization the Y.
M. C. A. was directed to ship all canteen or
post exchange supplies by regular merchant
marine. The army arrangement provided that
on this basis retail prices should be reckoned
to include the cost of the merchandise, plus
ocean freight, insurance, receiving, storage and
delivering expenses in France, plus an item to
cover losses due to shrinkage, wastage, dam-
aged goods, etc. Later, through the assistance
given by the army, the Y. M. C. A. was en-
abled to ship much of these supplies by gov-
ernment transports. This reduced the cost of
transportation and made it possible to lower
retail prices, which was done.
The National War Work council decided that
the post exchanges should be permitted to use
the Y. M. C. A. huts and abris and that no
charge should be made for the service given
by secretaries.
Men who have organized huge undertakings
are best qualified to appreciate the task under-
taken. So far as possible wherever the army
went the Y M. C. A. endeavored to push
ahead with it. Buildings were taken over at
every possible point where service could be
given. By September, 1918, there were ap-
proximately 1.500 service centers. In more
than 1,000 of these the post exchange service
had been set up, as well as in many of the
1.000 or more foyers du soldat with the
French army.
Within a few months there had been reared
a large chain store system in the face of the
most trying obstacles. Experts in this work
had been called from America to supervise the
task of organization and operation. These
men found themselves supervising a merchan-
dising system which in the eleven months
ended March 31. 1919. had totakd over $37.-
000,000 in gross sales in France and in ten
months over $2,600,000 in England.
While the bulk of the merchandise disposed
of 'at the post exchanges came from America,
the difficulties of ocean transportation made
it impossible to obtain a sufficient supply to
meet rapidly growing demands. As a solution,
the Y. M. C. A., through the courtesy and
assistance of the French government, suc-
ceeded in reopening forty-four disus-ed French
factories for the manufacture of necessary
materials. The Y. 'M. C. A. supplied the raw
materials, supervised the manufacture and
took the entire product. The twenty biscuit
factories, thirteen chocolate factories, three
candy factpries and eight jam factories oper-
ated in this fashion, when working at their
maximum. produced monthly: 10.160,000
packages of biscuits; 7.400,000 tablets of
drinking chocolate: 3,500,000 bars of sweet
chocolate; 1,000,000 bars of milk chocolate;
3,800,000 bars of chocolate cream: 1,500.000
nut-covered chocolate rolls; 3,100,000 cartons
of caramels and 2.000,000 tins of jam.
For the manufacture of chocolate, the Y. M.
C. A had to transport cocoa beans and at
times even the lumber for the cases in which
the chocolate was packed, as well as the paper
in which it was wrapped. For the manu-
facture of biscuits, it had to transport in-
gredients such as flour, sugar, bicarbonate of
soda, almonds, peanuts, figs, etc., as well as
lumber for packing cases. For the manufac-
ture of confiture, fruit pulp was brought from
Spain and southern France. For the manu-
facture of cans, tin was brought from Bor-
deaux. For the manufacture of paper and
envelopes, it was necessary at times to trans-
port the pulp of which the paper was made,
the machinery for its manufacture, lamp-black
for the printing-ink, gum arabic for the mu-
cilage on the envelopes, and talc with which
to surface the paper. The Y. M. C. A. also
had to manufacture writing paper and other
supplies. For example, it employed the paper
factories in Tolosa. Spain, to manufacture
paper. One hundred million sheets were made
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
531
there. This employed practically the entire
town's population of men, women and chil-
dren, for a considerable period of time.
In addition to these products manufactured
abroad, the Y. M. C. A. in equipping its over-
seas canteens with supplies purcnased 25.-
000.000 pounds of sugar. It further met the
demand for sweets by the purchase of 2,000,-
000 cans of jam, 1,320,000 pounds of choco-
late. 1,000,000 packages of cough drops,
2,500.000 packages of biscuits and crackers,
and approximately 1,250.000 pounds of hard
candy. Chewing gum was especially in de-
mand and the Y. M. C. A. supplied 30.232,000
packages, enough, it might be said, to provide
almost a stick and a half of gum to every
man. woman and child in the United States.
At its overseas canteens the Y. M. C. A.
served cocoa, sometimes free and sometimes
at a nominal charge. To supply this service
it purchased 1.873.000 pounds of cocoa pow-
der. Although the soldiers were given coffee
at their regular mess, there was a sufficient
demand to necessitate the purchase of 393,000
pounds for use abroad. Fresh milk was prac-
tically impossible to obtain in France. The
Y. M. C. A. bought and sent overseas approxi-
mately 4,500.000 cans of condensed milk, and
3,400 cases of dry, powdered and malted m Ik.
The supply of flour for overseas aggregated
more than 22,000.000 pounds, purchased at a
cost of more than $1,250.000.
Tobacco was one of the largest single items
in the Y. M. C. A. purchases for the men over-
seas. From July. 1917. to March 31. 1919.
there were either sold at canteens or distrib-
uted as gifts 1,906,186.664 cigarettes, and in
addition 50,000,000 cigars and approximately
5,250.000 pounds of smoking and chewing
tobacco.
Secretaries were instructed by the Y. M.
C. A. to make no charge whatever for any
supplies distributed to men going into or com-
ing out of combat. The total valuation of
supplies thus distributed was $1,794,771.16.
In February, 1919, the Y. M. C. A., at its
own request, was relieved by the army of the
post exchange service because of "the in-
creased responsibilities in promoting educa-
tional, athletic and entertainment activities,
which are placing a rapidly increasing burden
on our personnel." az the ch.ef secretary of
the A. E. F.-Y. M. C. A. expressed it. The
commander-in-chief, in directing that the army
resume control of the service, wrote:
"In making this change, permit me to thank
you for the very valuable services and assist-
ance which the Y. M. C. A. has rendered to
the American expeditionary force in handling
these exchanges. Handicapped by a shortage
of tonnage and land transportation, the Y. M.
C. A. has by extra exertion served the army
better than would have been expected, and
you may be assured that its aid has been a
large factor in the final great accomplishments
of the American army."
KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS WAR ACTIVITIES.
RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS FOR FIS-
CAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1919.
Receipts.
Balance. July 1. 1918 $5.287.969.00
Miscellaneous contributions 5.699,005.14
Interest on bank balances 86,241.65
Interest on investments 141,389.19
Salvage
Miscellaneous refunds..
2-1,344.86
108,950.01
United war work campaign 17,000,000.00
Total 28,344.899.85
Disbursements.
Activities in United States 6,338,780.13
Activities overseas 10,455,772.28
Total disbursements 16,794.552.41
Balance unexpended 11,550,347.44
Disbursements in the United States.
1919 1918.
Building program... $1,730, 616. 19 $860,547.00
Personnel expense.. 1,193,060.18 261,564.07
Activities— Athletics 96,989.01 7,536.69
Motion pictures... 663,485.60 101,626.14
Educational, social 93.455.02 10,422.06
Employm't service 13,243.12
Total activities.. 867,172.75 119,584.89
Motor transport 215,956.25 47,558.82
Supplies (free) —
Papers, etc $346.228.36 $65.475.39
Tobacco 101,856.75
Food and candy.. 120.286.54
Miscellaneous 555.623.63
Total supplies... 1.123,995.28 65,475.39
113.514.74 26,893.18
166.616.76 63.387.83
927.847.98 39,690.63
Freight & insurance
Gen'l administration
Other disbursements
Total 6.338.780.131,484,701.80
Disbursements Overseas.
Bldg. & equipment.. 69.289.89 2,918.86
675.386.35 21,302.72
416.975.42 1.884.43
. ..
Personnel expense...
Activities —Athletics
Motion pictures,
etc
Total activities..
Motor transport
Supplies (free) —
Papers, etc
Writing material..
38,552.51
1,860.30
455,527.93
138.957.90
34,498.39
13,634.35
,.
Tobacco ............ 3,477,249.27
Food and candy... 863,136.51
Miscellaneous ..... 435,773.97
3,744.73
3,248.65
103.30
92.90
55.00
Total supplies... 4.824.292.49 251.20
Freight & insurance 191,456.71 7.830.74
Gen'l administration 130,022.71 951.5/1
Other disbursements 3.970.298.30 694.942.25
Total 10.445.772.28 735.190.66
STRENGTH OF AMERICAN ARMY NOV. 11, 1918.
[From war department summary.]
Officers. Men. Total.
Army personnel in Europe 80,842 1,868,474 1,949,316
At sea, en route to Europe 1.162 21,072 22,234
Total 82,004 1,889,546 1,971,550
Marines (on duty with army in Europe) 1,002 31,383 32,385
Total, including marines 83,006 1,920,929 2,003,935
Siberian expedition 298 8,806 9,104
Total A. E. F. in Europe and Siberia 83,304 1,929.735 2,013,039
In United States 104,155 1,530.344 1.634.499
In insular possessions, Alaska, etc 1.977 53,758 55,735
Grand total in army excluding marines 188.434 3.482,454 3,670.888
Grand total in army including marines 189,436 3,513,837 3,703,273
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
UNITED STATES VICTORY AND LIBERTY LOANS.
Up to the close of 1919 the United States
had issued five liberty loans— two in 1917.
two in 1918 and one in 1919, the last beinar
known as the victory liberty loan. The fol-
lowing' tables show the treasury allotment to
each federal reserve district and the actual
subscription :
First Liberty Loan (1917).
District. Allotment. Subscriptions.
Mew York $600.000,000 $1,186.788,400
Chicago 260.000.000 357.195,950
Boston 240.000,000 332.447.600
Cleveland 180.000.000 286.148.700
Philadelphia .... 140.000,000 232.309.250
San Francisco.... 140,000.000 175.623.900
Richmond 80.000,000 109,737.100
Kansas City 100.000.000 91.758.850
Bt. Louis 80.000.000 86.134.700
Minneapolis 80.000,000 70,255.500
Atlanta 60.000,000 57.878.550
Dallas 40.000.000 48.948,350
Total 2,000.000,000 3.035,226.850
Second Liberty Loan (1917).
District. Allotment. Subscriptions.
Boston $300,000,000
New York 900,000,000
Philadelphia .... 250.000.000
Cleveland 300.000.000
Richmond 120,000.000
Atlanta 80.000,000
Chicag-o 420,000,000
St. Louis 120.000.000
Minneapolis
Kansas City
Dallas
105.000.000
120,000,000
75,000,000
San Francisco...! 210,000,000
$476.950.050
1,550,453.450
380.350,250
486.106.800
201.212.500
90,695.750
585,853,350
184,280.750
140,932.650
150,125.750
77,899.850
292,671.150
Total 3.000.000.000 4.617.532.300
Third Liberty Loan (1918).
District. Allotment. Subscriptions.
Boston $250,000.000 $354,537,250
New York .. . 900.000.000 1.115.243,650
Philadelphia 250.000,000 391.963,500
Cleveland 300.000.000 405.051,150
Richmond 130.000.000 186.259.050
Atlanta 90.000,000 137,(549.450
Chicago 425.000.000 608.878.600
St. Louis 130.000.000 199.835.900
Minneapolis 105.000,000 180,892.100
Kansas City 130,000,000 204,092,800
Dallas 80.000.000 116.220.650
San Francisco.... 210.000,000 287,975,000
Total 3.000.000,000 4,158,599.100
Fourth Liberty Loan (1918).
District. Allotment. Subscriptions.
Boston $500.000.000 $632,221,850
Richmond 280,000.000 352,688,200
Philadelphia 500.000.000 598.763.650
Cleveland 600.000.000 702,059,800
Dallas 126,000,000 145,944,450
Minneapolis 210.000.000 241.628.300
San Francisco.... 402.000.000 459,000,000
St. Louis 260,000.000 296,388,550
New York 1,800,000,000 2.044,778,600
Atlanta 192,000.000 217.885.200
Kansas City 260.000,000 294,649.450
Chicag-o 870.000,000 969.209.000
Total 6,000.000,000 6,954,875,200
Fifth. "Victory" Liberty Loan (1919).
District. Allotment. Subscriptions.
New York $1.350.000.000 $1.762.684.900
Chicagro 652.500.000 772.046,550
Boston 375.000.000 425.259.950
Philadelphia ... 375.000.000 422 756,100
Minneapolis .... 157.500.000 176,114.850
Cleveland 450.000.000 496,750.650
St. Louis 195,000,000 310,431,950
District. Allotment. Subscriptions.
Richmond $210.000.000 $225,146850
San Francisco.. 301,500.000 319,120 800
Kansas City 195.000.000 197.989'lOO
Atlanta 144,000.000 143,062.050
Dallas 94.500.000 87,5041250
Total 4.500,000.000 5,249,908,300
THE VICTORY LIBERTY LOAN.
Congress in an act known as the "Victory
liberty loan act," approved March 3. 1919.
authorized the secre-
tary of the treasury to
borrow on the credit
of the United States
not to exceed $7,000 -
000.000 and to issue
notes therefor from
time to time in such
forms and on such
terms as he miprht
prescribe. The full
text of this act will be
found beginning- on
pag-e 91 of this vol-
ume. The amount and
the terms of the bond
issue were announced
by Secretary Glass on
April 13. The total
amount was fixed at
$4.500.000,000 and the
bonds were to -be of
two classes of short
term notes bearing- 4% and 3% per cent inter-
est, respectively. The two classes of securi-
ties were further described thus:
"The 4% per cent convertible g-old notes of
the United States are exempt from state and
local taxes, except estate and inheritance
taxes, and exempt from normal federal in-
come taxes, but not exempt from federal in-
come surtaxes. These notes will mature in
four years, be redeemable in three years, and
will be convertible into the following- class
at any time during- their life at the option
of the holder.
"The 3% per cent convertible g-old notes of
the united States are exempt from all federal,
state and local taxes, except estate and in-
heritance taxes. These notes will mature in
four years, be redeemable in thrp>e years and
will be convertible into notes of the foregroing
class at any time during- their life at the
option of the holder.
"Oversubscriptions will be rejected and al-
lotments made on a graduated scale similar i«
its general plan to that adopted in connection
with the first liberty loan. Allotment will
be made in full on subscriptions up to and
including- $10,000.
"The notes of both series will be dated and
bear interest from May 20, 1919. and will
mature on May 20, 1923. Interest will be
payable on Dec. 15, 1919. and thereafter s«mi-
annually on June 15 and Dec. 15, and at
maturity. All or any of the notes may be
redeemed before maturity at the option of the
United States on June 15 or Dec. 15. 1922.
at par and accrued interest."
The "drive" for the loan began April 21
and closed May 10. It was conducted in
the same manner as were the previous cam-
paigns by means of posters, advertisements,
speeches, personal canvassing-, the giving- of
Victory buttons and "plus" chevrons and by
other methods. It was perhaps less spec-
tacular than on former occasions while the
war was still in progress but it was equally
successful and the issue was heavily over-
subscribed.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
635
DETAILS OF LOANS.
First liberty. 30 year 3% per cent loan-
Subscriptions began May 11. 1917. and ended
June 16; bonds issued June 15, 1917; ma-
turity, June 15, 1947; interest payable June
15 and Dec. 15 each year; convertible into
higher rate bonds but not into short term
obligations; exempt from all taxation, except
inheritance and estate taxes, both as to
principal and interest; redeemable by the
government on and after June 15, 1932.
Second liberty. 15 and 30 year, 4 per
cent loan— Subscriptions began Oct. 1, 1917,
and ended Oct. 27; bonds issued Nov. 15;
maturity Nov. 15, 1942. and June 15, 1947;
interest payable Nov. 15 and May 15; con-
vertible into subsequent issues of bonds bear-
ing interest at a higher rate than 4 per
cent; exempt from state and local taxes
and from normal income tax but not from
estate, inheritance, supertax, excess and war
profits taxes on all incomes above $5,000;
redeemable by the government on or after
Nov. 15. 1927.
Third liberty, 10 year. 4% per cent loan-
Subscriptions began April 6, 1918. and ended
May 4; issued May 9, 1918; maturity. Sept.
15, 1928; interest payable Sept. 15 and
March 15; exemptions same as in second
loan; not convertible into future issues and
not redeemable until maturity.
Fourth liberty, 15 and 20 year, 4% per
cent loan— Subscriptions began Sept. 28, 1918.
and closed Oct. 18; issued Oct. 24, 1918;
maturity, Oct. 15, 1933 and Oct. 15. 1938;
interest payable April 15 and Oct. 15; ex-
emption practically the same as in case of
second and third loans; not convertible into
future issues; redeemable at government's
option on and after Oct. 15, 1933.
Fifth victory, 3 and 4 year, 3% and 4%
per cent loan— Subscriptions began April 21,
1919. and ended May 10: issued May 20,
1919; maturity, May 20, 1923; interest
payable Dec. 15 and June 15; 3% notes ex-
empt from all except state and inheritance
taxes; 4% no tea exempt from all except in-
heritance, graduated additional income taxes
or surtaxes and excess profits and war profits;
two series convertible and reconvertible into
each other before maturity or call for re-
demption; redeemable after June 15, "1922.
upon four months' notice.
LIBERTY LOAN EXEMPTIONS FROM FED-
ERAL INCOME TAXES.
The bond department of the Merchants Loan
and Trust company of Chicago in the fall of
1919 prepared the following list of liberty
and victory loan exemptions from federal
income taxes :
1. Any issue 4% and 4%% during
life of bonds $ 5.000
2. Any issue 4% and 4%% for five
years after close of war 30,000
3. Any issue 4% and 4%% provided
% of amount is subscribed for
in victory loan notes and still held 20,000
4. Fourth loan 4%% for two years
after close of war 30,000
5. Original subscriber holding $30.000
4th loan 4%% receives 150% ad-
ditional exemption in any other
issue of 4% and 4%% bonds for
two years after close of war 45,000
6. First loan 4%%. 2nd converted.
for two years after close of war 30,000
Total possible exemption $160.000
Note— First loan 3%% and victory loan
3%% exempt from all income taxes. Victory
loan 4%% exempt from normal income tax
only.
AMERICAN WAR EXPENSE.
Secretary Glass of the treasury department
sent a communication July 9. 1919, to Sena-
tor Penrose of the senate finance committee
and to Representative Fordney a letter in
which he set forth the manner in which the
United States provided the necessary finances
for taking part in the world war from April
6. 1917. to June 30.
In his letter to
Mr. Fordney the secretary said:
"I take pleasure in handing you herewith
for your information and that of the com-
mittee on ways and means the following'
statements:
"A. Preliminary financial statement of the
United States government for the period from
April 6. 1917. to June 30. 1919.
"B. Preliminary statement of the public
debt on June 30. 1919.
"C. Statement showing classified receipts,
exclusive of the principal of the public debt,
by months from April 6. 1917. to June 30.
1919, as published in daily treasury state-
ments.
"D. Statement showing classified disburse-
ment, exclusive of the principal of the pub-
lic debt; by months from April 6. 1917, to
June 30, 1919, as published in daily treas-
ury statements.
"Expenditures in the month of June just
ended amounted in round figures to $809.-
000,000, or less than for any month since
September. 1917.
"Expenditures lor the fiscal year just
ended amounted to $18.514.000.000.
"Expenditures for the war period amounted
to $32.427.000.000 and of these more than
$9.384.000.000, or about 29 per cent, were
met out of tax receipts and other revenues
than borrowed money, although payment of
nearly half of the income and profits taxes
made, such payment being deferred until
the fiscal year 1920.
"In this calculation no deduction is made
of expenditures for loans to the allies, which
on June 30 amounted to $9.102.000.000. or
for other investments, such as ships, stocks
of the war finance corporation, bonds of the
federal land banks, etc.
"If we assume that the expenditures ol
the government on a peace basis would have
been at the rate of $1,000.000.000 a year.
or for the period under discussion of nearly
twenty-seven months would have equaled
$2.250.000,000, then we may estimate the
gross cost of the war to June 30, 1919, at
$30.177,000.000.
"The gross public debt (without any de-
duction for loans to the allies or other in-
vestments) amounted on June 30. 1919. t«
$25.484.000.000. Of this sum only $3.634.-
000.000 was in the form of treasury cer-
tificates, or floating debt. Of such certifi-
cates more than $608,000.000 matured or
were reduced on July 1, 1919. and were
paid out of the net balance in the general
fund on June 30. 1919, which amounted to
$1.251.000.000. Deducting the certificate*
last referred to. the floating debt on June
30, 1919, was little more than $3,000.000.-
000. which is roughly the estimated amount
of the deferred installments of the income
and profits taxes for the fiscal year 1919
and of the deferred installments of the
victory loan subscriptions.
"In the announcement given to the prem
on April 14. 1919. of the terms of the
victory liberty loan. I made the following
statement with reference to financing the
future requirements of the government:
" 'This will be the .last liberty loan. Al-
*IC7CU ijr XlChlJL VA V11Y7 UXWBUV CtlJU |MVJ*MB VCfcACTO * J. 111D Will l_tt_- LllC i rt-3 L UWBfU 1UCH1. A.A"
lor the fiscal year 1919 has not ye* been ' though aa the remaining war billa are pre-
534
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
sented further borrowing- must be done, I
anticipate that the requirements of the
government in excess oi the amount of
taxes and other incomes can, in view of the
decreasing- scale of expenditure, be readily
financed by the issue of treasury certificates
from time to time as heretofore, which may
be ultimately refunded by the issue of notes
or bonds without the aid of another great
popular campaign such as has characterized
tho liberty loans.'
"I confirm the statement above quoted.
The decision then taken has been fully sus-
tained by the experience of the last three
months.
"The successful flotation of the victory
loan and the adjustment of the amount and
terms of the issue have resulted, as I hoped
they would, in a strong- market at about
par for these notes, without the necessity
of government support, and in an improving
market for the bonds of the second, third
and fourth liberty loans, evidenced not only
by the firm market quotations but by strong-
undercurrents of investment buying-, which
give reason for the hope that, with the con-
tinuance of favorable general conditions,
there will be consistent appreciation in the
market prices of these bonds.
"I do not now think it will be wise to
make any further issues of long- term bonds
before the maturity or redemption of the
victory notes, when there will have been
such an interval in government offerings of
all kinds as must inevitably result in marked
improvement of the market prices of the
existing- issues, with corresponding- decreases
in the interest bases at which they are sell-
ing-, and consequent assurance that the gov-
ernment will be able to finance itself for a
longer period upon better terms.
"It is not possible at this time, when ap-
propriations for the coming- year are under
consideration by the congress, when contract
claims by and against the United States are
still in process of settlement, when demobili-
zation is still incomplete, when the extent
of the liability on the wheat guaranty is
unascertained, and when the business upon
•which the income and profits tax receipts
in the first half of the calendar year 1920
are to be based is still only half transacted,
to make a formal estimate of the receipts
and expenditures of the United States during
the fiscal year 1920.
"But so large a part of the war expendi-
tures has been paid or provided for out of
taxes and the issues of bonds or notes al-
ready sold, and so small a Dart is unfunded,
that I confidently expect that the government
will be able not only to meet its further
temporary requirements for the decreasing
scale of expenditure by the sale of treasury
certificates of indebtedness bearing interest
at the rate of 4^ per cent, in moderate
amounts, at convenient intervals, when mar-
ket conditions are favorable, and upon terms
advantageous to the government.
"It will not be desirable to fund all the
certificates of indebtedness, for the issue of
certificates of indebtedness in anticipation of
income and profits tax installments not only
furnishes a means of financing the require-
ments of the government temporarily on easy
terms, but constitutes an almost necessary
financial expedient to enable the taxpayer
to save and to prepare gradually for the
great tax payments, and to relieve banking
machinery of the government of the great
strain which would be imposed upon it if
these tax installments had to be paid on a
single day without such preparation. * * *
"I need scarcely say to you that the reali-
zation of these sanguine expectations is con-
tingent upon the practice of the most rigid
economy by the government and the con-
tinuance of ample revenues from taxation.
&ucn a course, accompanied by the practice
of sober economy and wise investment by
our people, and strict avoidance of waste
and speculation, will make it possible for
the American people to respond to the de-
mands to be made upon them privately for
capital and credit by the nations and peoples
of Europe — demands which are re-enforced by
the strongest and most vital ties of sympa-
thy for the allies who fought and won the
war with us, as well as by the most obvious
dictates of self-interest.
"I am writing a similar letter to the Hon.
Boies Penrose, chairman of the committee
on finance.
"It haa seemed to me only proper at the
end of the last fiscal year of the war
period to lay these facts and opinions be-
fore the committee on ways and means and
the finance committee, which bear so large
a measure of responsibility for the war loan
legislation; and to make them public also,
since they vitally concern the millions of
Americans whose purchases of government
securities, and tax payments, made this record
of war finance possible. CARTER GLASS."
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
Totals of receipts and disbursements for
the period from April 6. 1917, to June 30.
1919, on the basis of daily treasury state-
ments: Receipts.
Net balance in the general
fund April 5, 1917 $92,317.710.27
Receipts, exclusive of prin-
cipal of public debt, April
6. 1917, to June 30, 1919 9.384,278,708.22
Public debt receipts, April
6. 1917, to June 30, 1919 48.385.572.063.47
Total 57,862,168,481.96
Disbursem ents.
Disbursements, exclusive of
principal of public debt,
April 6. 1917. to June
30, 1919 f 32,427.469,054.72
Public debt disbursements,
April 6. 1917, to June
30, 1919 24,183,034,599.70
Net balance in the general
fund June 30, 1919 1.251.664.827.54
Total 57,862,168,481.96
DEBT AND EXPENDITURES.
These tables are presented by the treasury
department under the heading, "Public debt
and expenditures":
Total disbursements for war
period $32.427,469,054.72
Total receipts for war pe-
riod, exclusive of princi-
pal public debt 9.384.278.708.22
Excess of disbursements
over receipts for war
period 23,043,190,346.50
Total gross debt June 30,
1919 25,484.506,160.05
Total gross debt April 5,
1917 1,281,968,696.28
Gross debt increase for war
period 24,202,537.463.77
Net balance in the general
fund June 30, 1919 1.251,664,827.54
Net balance in the general
fund April 5, 1917 92,317,710.27
Net increase in balance in
general fund 1.159,347.117.27
Net debt increase for war
period 23.043.190.346.50
RECEIPTS OUTSIDE WAR LOANS.
Statement showing receipts in detail of the
United States government exclusive of the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
535
frindpai of the public debt, from April 6,
917, to June 30. 1919:
Customs— April 6, 1917, to
June 30, 1917 $65,210,500.96
Fiscal year 1918 179,998.383.49
Fiscal year 1919 184,457.867.39
Total since April 6, 1917,
to June 30. 1919 429,666,751.84
Income and profits tax —
April 6, 1917, to June 30,
1917 35146,533.426.49
Fiscal year 1918 2,314.006,291.84
Fiscal year 1919 3,018.783,687.29
Total 5,479,323,405.62
Miscellaneous internal revenue-
April 6, 1917, to June 30,
1917 $322,764.537.75
Fiscal year 1918 872.028.020.27
Fiscal year 1919 1,296,501,291.67
Total 2,491,293,849.69
Miscellaneous revenue-
April 6. 1917, to June 30.
1917 $31,286.970.82
Fiscal year 1918 202.513,814.82
Fiscal year 1919 646.139.700.05
Total 969,940,48569
Panama canal —
April 6, 1917, to June 30.
1917 $1643,271.07
Fiscal year 1918 6,036,354.28
Fiscal year 1919 6.374.590.03
Total 14,054.215.38
The total of all these receipts combined is
as follow*:
April 6, 1917, to April 30,
1917 -. ' $567,438,707.09
Fiscal year 1918 3.664,582,864.70
Fiscal year 1919 5,152.257,136.43
Grand total 9,384.278.708.22
TABLE OF DISBURSEMENTS.
Classified disbursements of the United States
g-overnment, exclusive of the principal of the
public debt, from April 6, 1917, to June 30,
1919.
Ordinary.
April 6, 1917, to June 30,
1917 $317,118.665.99
Fiscal year 1918 7.874.386.324.91
Fiscal year 1919 14.935.848.739.62
Total 23,127,353,730.52
Foreign Loans.
April 6. 1917. to June 30,
1917 $885.000.000.00
Fiscal year 1918 4,738,029,750.00
Fiscal year 1919 3.479.255.265.56
Total 9,102,285.015.56
Other Special.
April 6. 1917, to June 30,
1917 13,767.962. 56
Fiscal year 1918 84,286,396.23
Fiscal year 1919 99,775,949.85
Total 197,830.308.64
The total of these disbursements combined
is as follows:
April 6, 1917, to June 30,
1917 $1.215,886,628.55
Fiscal year 1918 12,696.702.471.14
Fiscal year 1919 18,514,879.955.03
Grand total 32.427,469.054.72
PUBLIC DEBT AND LIBERTY LOANS.
Preliminary statement of the public debt of
the United States government June 30. 1919:
Bonds:
Consols of 1930 $599.724.050.00
Loan of 1925.
Panamas of 1916-36". '.'.".".". '.'.
Panamas of 1918-38
Panamas of 1961
Conversion bonds
Postal saving-s bonds
Total ~
First liberty loan
Second liberty loan
Third liberty loan
Fourth liberty loan
Total "
Total bonds
Notes:
Victory liberty loan
Treasury certificates:
Loan and tax
Pittman act
Special issues
118.489.90000
48.954.180.00
25.947.400. OO
50.000.000.00
28,894.500.00
11.349.960.00
883,359.990.00
1,984.796.730.00
3,566.464.969. OO
3,958.560.357,50
6,794.504,557.00
16,304.326,613.50
17,187,686,603.60
3,467,840,956.77
3,273.000.000.00
178.723,000.00
182.494.490.00
Total
War saving's certificates
< net cash receipts )
Old debt on which interest
has ceased
Noninterest bearing- debt...
3.634,217,490.00
956,023,121.45
2.355,250.26
236.382,738.07
Total gross debt 25,484.506.160.05
AMERICAN AVIATION ACES.
Following- is an official list of American
aviators who g-ained five or more air victories
in the war. with the number credited to each:
Capt. Edward V. Rickenbacker. 26. 1334
East Livingston avenue. Columbus. O.
First Lieut. Frank Luke, Jr. (deceased).
18. 2200 West Monroe s.reet. Phoenix, Ariz.
Maj.- Victor Raoul Lufbery (deceased),
17. Dieppe, France.
First Lieut. David E. Putnam (deceased),
12. 47 Eng-lewood avenue, Brookline. Mass.
Maj. Reed G. Landis, 12. Hotel Winder-
mere. Chicag-o, 111.
First Lieut. Fields Kinley, 10, Grave tte.
Ark.
First Lieut. George A. Vaughn, Jr., 10,
441 Washing-ton avenue. Brooklyn. N. Y.
First Lieut. Jacques Michael Swaab. 10.
Sixteenth and Diamond streets. Philadelphia.
First Lieut. Thomas G. Cassady, 9. (No
home address.)
First Lieut. Chester E. Wright. 9, 41
Dana Hall, Cambridge, Mass.
First Lieut. William P. Erwin. 9. 814
Fine Arts building, Chicago, 111.
Capt. Elliott W. Springs. 9, Lancaster, Pa
First Lieut. Henry R. Clay, Jr., 8. 1703
Summit avenue. Forth Worth. Tex.
Maj. James A. Meissner, 8, 45 Lenox
road, Brooklyn. N. Y.
Capt. Hamilton Coolidge (deceased), 8. 10
West place. Boston. Mass.
Capt. G. DeFreest Larner, 8, Highland
apartments, Washington. D. C.
First Lieut. Paul Frank Baer, 8, 1304
Maud street. Fort Wayne. Ind.
First Lieut. Frank O. D. Hunter, 8, 21S
Gaston street, Savannah, Ga.
First Lieut. Wilbert Wallace White (de-
ceased). 8. 541 Lexington avenue. New
York city.
Second Lieut. Clinton Jones, 8, 2617
Buchanan street, San Francisco, Cal.
Capt. Reid M. Chambers, 7. 276 Monro*
street. Memphis, Tenn.
First Lieut. Harvey Cook, 7, Toledo. O.
536
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
First Lieut. Lansing- C. Holden. 7, 103
Park avenue, New York, N. Y.
First Lieut. Karl Harold J. Schoen (de
ceased), 7, 5001 College avenue, Indianap-
olis, Ind.
First Lieut. Wendel A. Robertson, 7, Fort
Smith, Ark.
First Lieut. Leslie J. Rummell, 7, 798
South Eleventh street, Newark, N. J.
First Lieut. Lloyd A. Hamilton (deceased),
7, Burlington. Vt.
First Lieut. Jesse O. Creech, 6, 6614 Har-
lan place, Takoma Park, Wash.
Second Lieut. Howard Burdick, 6, 175
Remsen street. Brooklyn, N. Y.
First Lieut. Clayton L. Bissell. 6. 114
Janeway street. Kane. Pa.
Maj. Harold E. Hartney, 6, care of R
Hartney, Esq., Saskatoon, Sask., Canada.
Capt. Douglas Campbell, 6. Lick Observa-
tory, Mount Hamilton, Cal.
Capt. Jerry Cox Vasconcelles. 6, 1925 East
llth avenue, Denver. Col.
Capt. Edgar Gardner Tobin, 6, San An-
tonio, Tex.
First Lieut. E. P. Curtis. 6, 8 North.
Goodman street, Rochester, N. Y.
First Lieut. Sumner Sewell, 6. (No ad-
dress.)
First Lieut. Ralph A. O'Neill, 6. 218
Sonoita street. Negates, Ariz.
First Lieut. Donald Hudson, 6, 4119 Wal-
nut street, Kansas City, Mo.
First Lieut. Murray K. Guthrie, 6, Mo-
bile, Ala.
First Lieut. William H. Stovall, 6, Sto-
rall. Miss.
First Lieut. James D. Beane (missing- in
action). 6, Concord, Mass.
First Lieut. Arthur R. Brooks, 6, New
Kendall hotel, Framingham, Mass.
First Lieut. Robert O. Lindsay, 6, Madi-
son, N. C.
First Lieut. Martinus Stenseth, 6, Twin
Valley, Minn.
Second Lieut. Frank K. Hays, 6, 2000
West 101st place, Chicago, 111.
First Lieut. Howard C. Klotts, 5. (No
address.)
Lieut.-Col. William Thaw. 5. care of
Equitable Trust company. 123 Rue de la Paix.
Paris France; Pittsburgh, Pa.
Maj. David McK. Peterson, 5, Honesdale,
Pa.
Capt. H. R. Buckley, 5, Federal street,
Agawan, Mass.
Maj. Charles J. Biddle, 5, 505 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia. Pa.
First Lieut. James Knowles, 5, Cambridge,
Mass.
First Lieut. James A. Healey, 5, 361
Union Street, Jersey City, N. J.
First Lieut. Innes Potter, 5. (No ad-
dress.)
First Lieut. Francis M. Symonds. 5, 20
West 8th street. New York. N. Y.
First Lieut. Joseph Fritz Wehner (de-
ceased), 5. 124 East 28th street. New York.
First Lieut. John J. Seerley, 5, 5747 Uni-
versity avenue, Chicago, HI.
First Lieut. Edward M. Haight, 5, As-
toria, N. Y.
First Lieut. Harold H. George, 5, 421
Jefferson avenue, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
First Lieut. George W. Furlow. 5, 504
West College street, Rochester, Minn.
First Lieut. Arthur E. Esterbrook. 5
(Maj. E. P. Esterbrook), Fort Flagler. Wash.
First Lieut. Byrne V. Bancom. 5, Mil-
ford, Tex.
Second Lieut. Harold McArthur. 6. (No
address. )
Second Lieut. J. Sidney Owens, 5. 15 For-
rest Vieco avenue, Raspburg postoffice, Bal-
timore county. Md.
AVIATION LOSSES IN THE WAR.
American.
Casualties in the United States air service
personnel, serving with the armies of the
United States and the allies at the front, num-
bered 554. Of the total. 171 men were killed
in combat. 135 were taken prisoners, 129
wounded, 73 missing. 42 killed in accidents
and four met their deaths from other causes.
The record by months shows the rapid rise in
casualties as the American flyers began to get
into action. It follows: March. 1918. 2; April.
0: May, 27; June. 29: August. 65: September,
181; Ootober. 125: November to the llth. 43.
In a statement issued by the war department
in Washington June 5. 1919. these figures were
given, the killed including training casualties
and deaths from accident and the missing in-
cluding also prisoners: Killed. 509. or 50 per
cent of the total: wounded. 241. or 23 per
cent: missing. 277. or 27 per cent of the
actual casualties of American airmen.
French.
Statistics of the losses in French aviation in
the war showed that this branch of the French
army had proportionately the heaviest casual-
'ties of any of the services. The numb?r
killed was 1.945. This included pilots and ob-
servers. In the battle zone 1.461 were missing
and 2.922 were wounded. In the interior zone
1.927 were lost. The total loss was 7.757. or
61 per cent of the total effectives. The total
number of airmen in the French aviation serr-
ice Dec. 1. 1918. was 19.219.
British.
The British aviation casualties were: Killed,
2.680. or 36 per cent: wounded. 2.988. or
40 per cent; missing, 1,837. or 23 per cent.
The casualties include both those .killed in
combat and those killed in accidents.
STRENGTH OF ARMIES ON WESTERN
FRONT.
In February, 1919, the statistics branch
of the American expeditionary force gen-
eral staff gave the rifle strength of the al-
lied and German armies on the western front
from April 1 to Nov. 1, 1918, by months,
as follows:
Date. Allies. German.
Apr. 1 1.245,000 1,569,000
May 1... . 1,343.000 1,600,000
June 1 1,496,000 1,639.000
July 1... . 1,556,000 1.412.000
Aug. 1 1,672,000 1.395,000
Sept. 1 1.682.000 1.339.000
Oct. 1 1,594.000 1.223.000
Nov. 1 1,485,000 866,000
By "rifle strength" is meant the "number
of men standing in the trench ready to go
over with the bayonet." There are 12,250
rifles in an American division.
AMERICAN TROOPS IN GERMANY.
The American troops remaining in the oc-
cupied part of Germany after Sept. 30, 1919.
consisted of the following units: ;
Unit. Officers. Men. •
8th infantry 114 3,720
7th machine gun battalion 16 379
2d battalion. 6th F. A 20 620 j
35th field signal battalion 15 473 I
1st supply train 16 485..
1st mobile ordnance repair shop.. 3 45 •
Company A, 1st engineers 6 250 j
Field hospital No. 13 6 82 f
Ambulance company No. 26 5 153 V
Total . . .. 201 6,207
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
637
FINAL FIGURES ON AMERICAN CASUALTIES IN THE WAR.
The war department on Sept. 1 issued its
final report on the casualties of the Amer-
ican army in the European war. These in-
cluded casualties in th« Archang-el and Vladi-
vostok expeditions and were as follows:
Killed in action 35,585
Died of wounds 14,742
Total battle deaths 50.327
Died of disease 58.073
Died from accident, etc 8.092
Total all deaths 116,492
Wounded in action .. .. 205,690
Total casualties 322,182
Note — Under the head of "missing1" the de-
partment announced that all had been ac-
counted for and that no one belong-ed under
that classification.
CASUALTY RATES BY ARM OF SERVICE.
Based on the final returns of the central
records office the battle deaths and wounded
are measured agrainst the total number of
troops in each service reaching- France.
Dead
Service. <
Marines
Infantry and M. G...C
Tank corps
ind wounded. Per :
3fcrs. Men. Ofcrs.
350 9.806 402.3
.982211,119330.2
50 354 82.0
328 187 57.5
290 8.237 523
592 11,557 47.3
4 154 29.4
41 1.817 2o.8
11 376 19.0
62 313 15.6
5 40 15.2
161 1.656 10.4
8 218 8.1
.000.
Men.
313.7
262.8
38.4
2.5
43.2
33.5
43.5
50.4
24.0
31.fi
6.4
12.6
7.3
Brit
i:
;
2'
(
fr
1<
5(
2"
sei
ba
5
45
on
off
kil
fiC(
•J
Ag
Fe
CUI
cer
19
lin.
J
5
7
5
t
)
)
r
Engineer and gas . . .
Artillery and am. tr.
Antiaircraft
Signal
Police and hdqrs. tr.
Headquarters
Cavalry ....
Medical
Motor transport
Battle ships
Battle cruisers
Cruisers
Monitors
Destroyers
Torpedo boats
tubmarines
mall craft ..
Dead and wounded. Per 1.000.
Service. Ofcrs. Men. Ofcrs. Men.
Quartermaster 10 128 1.8 .7
Pioneer infantry 4 299 1.7 3.6
Ordnance 29 1.4
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
CASUALTIES.
Reported by Maj.-Gen. Commandant Barnett,
March 24. 1919.
Officers. Men.
Killed in action 48 1,459
Died of wounds 29 694
Died of disease 18 260
Accidentally killed 1 4
Died (other causes) 2 3
Total.
1,507
723
278
5
5
Total 98 2,420 2,518
Wounded (severely) 92 1.950 2,042
Wounded (slightly) 578 578
Wounded (undetermined) ..146 5,810 5,956
Total 238 8^338 8,576
Missing 215 215
Total casualties 11.309
BATTLE DEATHS OF OFFICERS.
Of the 11.000 regular army officers who
served in the war 148 died on the field of
battle. This number included 1 greneral officer.
5 colonels. 11 lieutenant-colonels, 16 majors,
45 captains, 55 first lieutenants and 15 sec-
ond lieutenants. Of the 189.000 emergency
officers who served in the war, 2,043 were
The deaths per 1.000 of regular of-
ficers were 13.5 and of emergency officers 10.8.
NAVAL VESSELS LOST IN THE WAR.
The following: figures obtained by Router's
Agency from an authoritative source in Paris.
Feb. 28. 1919. show the total war losses in-
curred by the navies of the allies and the
central powers in the period between Aug. 1.
1914. and Nov. 11. 1918:
Total tonnage 550.000
France.
4
14
8
14
9
11 0.000
Italy.
3
Japan.
1
Total for all the allies— 803.000 tons.
8
76.000 50!000
U.S.
*i
i
17,000
Germany.
1
1
24
Battle ships
Battle cruisers ....
Cruisers ,
Monitors
Destroyers 72
Torpedo boats 61
Submarines 205
Total tonnage 350.000
Austria-
Hungary.
3
'2
3
5
4
65.000
Total for the central powers — 415,000 tons.
These figures include vessels lost through
accident as well as those sunk throug-h enemy
action. This fact accounts for the large num-
ber of battle ships figuring- in Great Britain's
losses.
The total casualties in the British navy were
39,766. of whom 33.361 were killed or died
from wounds and other causes.
SCUTTLING OF GERMAN
Moat of the German warships surrendered to
the allies under the terms of the armistice and
delivered to the British Nov. 20. 21. 24 ajid
Dec. 1. 1918. were sunk by the German offi-
cers and crews aboard on June 21. 1919. In
accordance with the armistice, ships had been
interned with skeleton crews and with no
British guards aboard. Immediately after the
surrender they were taken to Scapa Flow, a
landlocked harbor in the Orkney islands, about
200 miles north of Edinburgh. Scotland. Ac-
cording to a statement made subsequently by
the British admiralty ten battleships were
FLEET IN SCAPA FLOW.
sunk, one (the Baden) remaining afloat: five
light cruisers were sunk and three beached:
thirty destroyers were sunk, eighteen were
beached and two remained afloat.
Admiral von Reuter of the German navy,
who was in charge of the shii 3. admitted that
he had given orders to sink the ship*. His
excuse was that he thought the armistice had
been terminated and that he acted in obedi-
ence to orders given by the emperor early in
the war that no German warship should be
surrendered. He was placed under arrest and
the men under him were interned until the
538
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
responsibility for the affair could be placed. It
was agreed later that the German government
must make reparation for the sinking of the
^Th'ere was from the first a division of opin-
ion as to the disposition of the captured Ger-
man warships, some being in favor of sinking
them all in the ocean, while others thought
they should be retained and allotted propor-
tionately to the allied powers. No conclusion
had been reached by the peace conference at
the time when the Germans took matters into
their own hands. The vessels surrendered to
the British Nov. 21. 1918. were:
Battle ships-Friedrich der Grosse.
Koenig Albert.
Kaiser.
Kronprinz Wilhelm.
Kaiserin.
Bayern.
Markgraf.
Prinzregent Luitpold.
CASUALTIES IN PARIS BOMBARDMENT.
Official statistics published early in 1919
showed that in the various bombardments
from the air and by the long range gun from
the beginning to the end of the war the Ger-
mans killed 522 and wounded 1.223 persons in
Paris and it* suburbs. The number of pro-
jectiles that fell on the city was 1-049 The
casualties caused by airplane bombs and gun
shell* were divided as follows:
Proi ectiles .Killed .Wounded .
Airplanes and Zeppelins. 746 266 603
Long distance shells 303
Total 1,049 522 1,223
The raids by airplane* and Zeppelins con-
tinued more or less frequently throughout the
war. The bombardment by the long range
*un began March 23, 1918 and ended Aug.. 9.
the same year. The days on which casualties
from the shelling1 occurred were:
Date Killed. Wounded.
March 23 15
March 24 11
March 25 1
March 29 88
March 30 10
March 31 1
April 1 8
April 2
April 6 •
April 11 9
April 12 .2
April 16 17
April 25 1
3
21
14
114
Grosser Kurfuerst.
Battle Cruisers— Seydlitz.
Derfflinger.
Von der Tann.
Hindenburg.
Moltke.
Light Cruisers— Karlsruhe.
Frankfort.
Emden.
Nuernberg.
Brummer.
Koeln.
Bremse.
On Dec. 4, 1918. to make up for deficiencies
in the list of the ships surrendered, the bat-
tle ship Koenig, the light cruiser Dresden and a
destroyer were turned over and on Jan. 10.
1919, the Baden battleship was sent to tike
the place of the battle cruiser Mackensen
which had not reached Scapa Flow.
Fifty destroyers of the latest type and 114
submarines were surrendered.
AMERICAN MERCHANT VESSELS SUNK
BY ENEMY.
Prior to April 6, 1917. Gross
No. tons.
Torpedoed 6 25,988
Mined 5 11,579
Gunfire, etc 8 29.576
Total 19 67,143
April 6, 1917, to Nov. 11. 1918.
Gross
No. tons.
Torpedoed 45 190.357
Mined 2 8.116
Gunfire, etc 79 88,833
Total 126 287.306
Grand total 145 354.449
In the destruction of these vessels a total
of 775 lives were lost— 703 by torpedoes. 38
by gunfire and 34 by drifting mines. Sixty-
seven lives were lost prior to April 6, 1917,
when America entered the war.
TRANSPORTATION OF U. S. TROOPS
TO EUROPE.
Vessels Troopi
Month. sailed. carried.
Ma£
•Mav
28
1
May
May
June
June
29
30
3
4
r.v.v::::::1!
June
7
.. 1
June
June
8
9
3
1
June
10
ftS
15
16
...: 3
Aug.
5
32
Aug
6
8
Aug
7
7
Aug.
8
1
Aug.
9
3
Total 256 620
" T/he heaviest loss of life in one place was in
the church of St. Gervais in the Place Lobau
tack of the hotel de ville or city hall. It
was Good Friday (March 29) and services were
in progress when a shell pierced the roof,
killing and wounding many of the worshipers.
May. 1917..
June, 1917..
I July. 1917
[Aug., 1917
I Sept., 1917
Oct.. 1917
Nov.. 1917
Dec.. 1917
Jan.. 1918..
Feb.. 1918
Mar.. 1918
April. 1918
May. 1918
June,
July,
Aug..
Sept..
5
18
15
17
27
24
19
22
45
141
1918...... 128
1918 , 147
1918 - 140
1918 129
1918 127
1918 24
1,543
15.091
12.876
19.40S
33.588
40.027
23.728
48.815
48.055
49.230
85.710
120.072
247.714
280.434
311.359
286. 37i
259.670
184.06*
12.124
Oct..
Nov..
Total 1.142 2.079.880
Of the American troops transported acroM
the Atlantic in 1917 and 1918 912.082 were
carried on United States naval transports, and
40.499 on other United State* vessels, or 46%
per cent of the total. British vessels carried
1,006.987 or 48% per cent, while the re-
mainder of the troops were carried on British-
leased Italian vessels (3 per cent) and oth«r
vessels (2*£ per cent). Classified according to
the nationality of the naval escort the United
States carried 1,720.360 troops, or 82% per
cent: the British. 297.903. or 14%. and the
French 61.617. or 3% per cent.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
539
CHRONOLOGY OF THE WORLD WAR.
1914.
June 28— Archduke Francis Ferdinand and
wife assassinated in Sarajevo. Bosnia.
July 28 — Austria-Hungary declares war on
Serbia.
Aug. 1— Germany declares war on Russia: gen-
eral mobilization begun.
Aug. 3 — Germany declares war on France.
Aug. 4 — State of war between Great Britain
and Germany is declared: Germany declares
war on Belgium.
Aug. 8— Germans capture Liege.
Aug. 20— German troops enter Brussels.
Aug. 23 — Japan declares war on Germany:
Russians victorious in East Prussia.
Aug. 26— Large part of Lou vain destroyed by
Germans.
Aug. 28— British win naval battle near Helgo-
Aug. 29— Germans inflict heavy defeat on Rus-
sians at Allenstein: Germans occupy Amiens.
Sept. 1 — Germans win decisive victory at Tan-
nenberg. East Prussia: cross the Marne in
France.
Sept. 2— Lemberg captured by Russians: seat
of French government transferred from Paris
to Bordeaux.
Sept. 5— England. France and Russia sign com-
pact not to conclude peace separately.
Sept. 6— Allies win battle of Marne.
Sept. 7 — Germans retreat from the Marne: cap-
ture Maubeuge.
Sept. 7-10— Germans retreat to the Aisne.
Sept. 14— Battle of Aisne begins: pursuit by
allies halted.
Sept. 15— First battle of Soissons fought.
Sept. 18— Germans bombard Reims and dam-
age cathedral.
Sept. 19— Battle of Aisne develops into con-
tinuous trench fighting.
Sept. 20 — Russians capture Jaroslau and begin
siege of Przemysl.
Sept. 22— British cruisers Cressy. Aboukir and
Hogue torpedoed and sunk in the North sea.
Oct. 9-10— Germans capture Antwerp.
Oct. 12— Germans capture Ghent.
Oct. 20— Fighting along Yser river begins.
Oct. 29 — Turkey begins war on Russia.
Nor. 1 — British cruisers Good Hope and Mon-
mouth sunk off coast of Chile.
Nov. 7— Tsingtao captured by Japanese.
NOT. 9 — German cruiser Emden destroyed.
Dec. 8— German cruisers sunk near Falkland
islands by British fleet.
Dec. 9— French government officials return to
Paris.
Dec. 14— Belgrade recaptured by Serbians.
Dec. 17— Britain formally assumes a protec-
torate over Egypt.
Dec. 25— Italy occupies Avlona. Albania.
1915.
Jan. 1 — British battle ship Formidable sunk.
Jan. 11 — Heavy fighting northeast of Soissons.
Jan. 24-rBritish win naval battle In North
sea. sinking the German cruiser Bluecher
and damaging two other cruisers.
Feb. 11— Germans evacuate Lodz.
Feb. 12 — Germans drive Russians from posi-
tions in East Prussia, taking 26.000 pris-
oners.
Feb. 19— British and French fleets bombard
Dardanelles forts.
March 1 — Premier Asquith announces blockade
by allies of all German. Austrian and Turk-
ish ports.
March 10— Battle of Neuve Chapelle begins.
March 14 — German cruiser Dresden sunk.
March 18— British battle ships Irresistible and
Ocean and French battle ship Bouvet sunk
in Dardanelles strait.
March 22— Fortress of Przemysl surrenders to
Rriteians.
April 23— Germans force way across Ypres
canal at Steenstraate and Het Sas.
May 2 — Austro-Hungarian and German forces
repulse Russians along the entire front of
Malatow, Gorlice, Gromik and north of these
places in West Galicia.
May 7— Liner Lusitania torpedoed and sunk by
German submarine.
May 23 — Italy formally declares war on Aus*
tria and orders mobilization of army.
June 3-7-PrzemyBl recaptured by Germans and
Austrians.
June 22 — Germans and Austrians capture Lena*
berg.
July 3 — Tolmino falls into hands of Italians.
July 29— Warsaw evacuated: Lublin captured
by Austrians.
Aug. 2— Germans occupy Mitau.
Aug. 3-9— Battle of Hooge.
Aug. 4 — Germans occupy Warsaw.
Aug. 5— Ivangorod taken by Germans.
Aug. 6— British land at Suvla bay. Gallipoli.
Aug. 17 — Germans capture Kovno.
Aug. 19-20— Germans take Novo Georgievsk.
Aug. 26— Germans take Brest-Litovsk.
Sept. 2 — Germans capture Grodno.
Sept. 5— Grand Duke Nicholas sent to the Cau-
casus.
Sept. 8 — Russians stop Germans at Tarnopol.
Sept. 19— Germans capture Vilna.
Sept. 20— Austrians and Germans begin driv«
on Serbia.
Sept. 25-30— Battle of the Champagne.
Oct. 9-10— Austro-Germans capture Belgrade.
Oct. 12— Edith Cavell executed by Germans.
Oct. 13 — Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.
Oct. 22— Bulgarians occupy Uskub.
Nov. 7 — Italian liner Ancona sunk.
Nov. 22 — British victory near Bagdad.
Nov. 30— Bulgarians take Prizrend.
Dec. 1— British retreat from near Bagdad.
Dec. 8-9— Allies defeated in Macedonia.
Dec. 15 — Sir John Douglas Haig succeeds Sir
John French.
Dec. 27-30 — Heavy Russian offensive in Galicia
and Bessarabia.
Dec. 30— Liner Persia sunk in Mediterranean.
1916.
Jan. 6 — Russians capture Czartorysk.
Jan. 8— British troops at Kut-el-Amara stir-
rounded.
Jan. 9 — British evacuate Gallipoli peninsula.
Jan. 10 — Austrians capture Mount Lovcen in
Montenegro; predreadnought King Edward
VII. sunk.
Jan. 13 — Cetinje. capital of Montenegro, cap-
tured by Austrians.
Jan. 23 — Scutari, capital of Albania, captured
by Austrians.
Feb. 15— Erzerum captured by the Russians.
Feb. 21 — Germans under crown prince
attack on Verdun defenses.
Feb. 26 — Germans capture Fort Douaumont:
French transport La Provence sunk.
March 2 — Bitlis captured by Russians.
March 16 — Admiral von Tirpitz resigns.
March 24 — Sussex torpedoed and sunk.
April 5-7— Battle of St. Eloi.
April 17 — Trebizond captured by Russians.
April 18 — President Wilson sends final not* to
Germany.
April 19— President Wilson explains diplomatic
situation in speech before congress in joint
session.
April 24 — Insurrection in Dublin.
April 29— British force at Kut-el-Amara §nr-
renders to the Txjrks.
April 30— Irish insurrection suppressed.
May 3 — Several leaders of Irish revolt exe-
cuted.
May 15— Austrians begin offensive against Ital-
ians in Trentino.
May 31 — Great naval battle off Danish coast.
June 3— Germans assail British at Ypres: Rus-
sians under Gen. Brussiloff begin successful
offensive.
June 5— Lord Kitchener lost with cruiser Hamp-
shire.
640
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
June 6— Italians stop enemy in Trentino.
June 11— Russians capture Dubno.
June 18— Russians capture Czernowitz.
June 25— Gen. Brussiloff s army completes pos-
session of Bukowina.
July 1— Battle of Somme begins.
July 25— Erzingan captured by the Russians.
July 26— Pozieres taken by British.
July 27— British take Delville wood: Serbs be-
g-in attack on Bulgars in Macedonia.
Aug.. 2— French take Fleury.
Aug-. 3— Sir Roger Casement executed for trea-
Autr. '5— British win victory north of Pozieres.
Aug. 9— Italians take Goritz by assault.
Aug-. 15— Russians capture Jablonitza.
Aug 18— Serbs capture Fiorina from Bulgars.
Aug. 24— French take Maurepas.
Aug. 27— Italy declares war against Germany.
Aug. 28— Roumania declares war against Aus-
tria-Hungary.
Aug. 30— Roumanians take Kronstadt in Tran-
sylvania: Bulgars seize Drama.
Sept. 2— Roumanians take Orsova and Her-
mannstadt.
Sept. 3— Allies take Guillemont and Clery.
Sept. 7— Germans capture Tutrakan.
Sept. 9— French recapture Fort Douaumont.
Sept. 10— German-Bulgar forces take Silistria.
Sept. 15— British take Flers. Martinpuich and
Courcelette: French reach outskirts of Ran
court.
Sept. 17— French take Vermandovillers and
Sept. 25— British capture Morval and Les
Bo3ufs.
Sept. 26— French and British take Combles:
British take Thiepval and Guedecqurt.
Sept. 28 — Venizelos proclaims provisional gror-
ernment in Greece: to aid allies.
Sept. 30— Germans defeat Roumanians at Her-
mannstadt.
Oct. 8— Germans recapture Kronstadt from
Roumanians.
Oct. 11 — Germans defeat Roumanians in Alt
valley and begin invasion of Roumania.
Oct. 18— Italians win victory on Carso plateau.
Oct. 28 — Germans capture Constanza.
Oct. 24 — Germans take Predeal.
Oct. 25— Germans capture Vulcan pass.
Nov. 3— French reoccupy Fort Vaux.
Nov. 12— French take all of Saillisel.
Nov. 13— British win battle of Ancre.
Nov. 19 — Monastir taken by Serbs. French
and Italians.
Nov. 24— Germans capture Orsova and Turnu-
Severin.
Nov. 25— Venizelist provisional government in
Greece declares war on Germany.
Nov. 28— Seat of Roumanian government re-
moved from Bukharest to Jassy.
Dec. 3— Battle of Argesu won by Germans.
Dec. 6— British cabinet resigns.
Dec. 6 — Bukharest occupied by German forces.
Dec. 10— New British cabinet formed with
David Lloyd George at its head.
Dec. 11— Italian battle ship Regina Margherita
sunk.
Dec. 12— Germany proposes peace negotiations.
Dec. 15— French recapture Vacherauville.
Louvemont and Fort Hardaumont.
Dec. 18— President Wilson sends note to bel-
ligerent nations asking them to make known
their peace terms and to neutral nations
suggesting that they support America's ac-
tion.
Dec. 27— Rimnik Sarat taken by Germans.
Dec. 28 — Germany replies to President Wilson
saying a direct exchange of views would be
best way to bring about peace: gives no
terms.
Dec. 30— Allies make joint reply to Germany's
peace proposal rejecting- it as a war
maneuver.
1917.
Jan. 5 — Germans capture Braila.
Jan. 7— Russians take offensive along Seretfc
river.
Jan. 8 — Germans capture Focsani fortress.
Jan. 9— British battle ship Cornwallis sunk.
Jan. 10 — Allies make joint reply to President
Wilson and give their peace terms.
Jan. 11 — German government issues note com-
menting on entente's reply of Dec. 30.
Jan. 17 — British advance on both sides of
Ancre creek.
Jan. 22— President Wilson addresses United
States senate on subject of world peace and
the establishment of a league of nations.
Jan. 23— Battle between British and German
destroyers in North sea.
Jan. 3-1 — Ambassador Count von Bernstorff
hands note to Secretary Lansing in Washing-
ton announcing the inauguration by Ger-
many of an unrestricted submarine warfare
on Feb. 1; Germany proclaims boundaries
of blockade zones.
Feb. 1 — Germany begins unrestricted submarine
warfare.
Feb. 3— President Wilson orders that Ambas-
sador Count von Bernstorff be handed his
passports, directs the withdrawal of Am-
bassador James W. Gerard and all American
consuls from Germany and announces his
action in a speech before congress: sug-
gests to neutral countries that they follow
America's example.
Feb. 3 — American steamer Housatonic torpe-
doed and sunk.
Feb. 7— United States senate indorses presi-
dent's action in breaking with Germany:
British capture Grandcourt; German ships
interned in American ports found crippled
by crews.
Feb. 8 — Germany detains Ambassador Gerard
in Berlin: liner California torpedoed and
sunk with loss of forty-one lives.
Feb. 9— European neutrals decline to break
with Germany: British take Sailly-Saillisel.
Feb. 13— Ambassador Bernstorff sails for Ger-
many via Halifax and Norway.
Feb. 15— Germans under crown prince take a
mile and a half of French trenches between
Reims and Verdun.
Feb. 17— British troops capture enemy posi-
tions along a front of two miles on both
sides of the Ancre.
Feb. 25 — "Hindenburg retreat" from Somme
sector in full progress: British win at San-
naiyat on the Tigris: British take Serre and
Butte de Warlencourt.
Feb. 26— President Wilson appears before con-
gress and asks authority to supply merchant
ships with defensive arms and to employ
other methods to protect American ships
and citizens: British capture Kut-el-Amara.
Feb. 27— British take Gonnecourt.
Feb. 28— The Associated Press reveals German
plot to bring Mexico and Japan in alliance
against the United States: letter from the
German secretary of foreign affairs. Dr. Al-
fred Zimmermann. to the German minister
to Mexico suggesting the plan published.
March 1 — President Wilson, at request of sen-
ate, confirms existence of German plot in
Mexico: house grants president power to
arm merchant ships.
March 3— Foreign Secretary Zimmermann ad-
mits authenticity of letter to German min-
ister to Mexico suggesting alliance against
the United States.
March 4— Filibuster by Senator La Follette and
others prevents passage by senate of bill giv-
ing president power to arm ships; president
rebukes senate for its lack of power to
legislate.
March 5— President Wilson inaugurated for
second term in office: outlines American pol-
icy for foreign relations.
March 6— British
sh invade Palestine and eap-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
541
ture Hebron: United States Supreme court
decides Appam ca.se in favor of owners.
March 9— President Wilson calls a special ses-
sion of congress for April 16: issues orders
for the arming' of American merchant ships.
March 10— Belgian relief steamer Storstad tor-
pedoed.
March 11 — Successful revolution in Russia:
British capture Bagdad: Ambassador Gerard
reaches Havana.
March 12— French capture Hill 185 in Cham-
pagne: state department in Washington gives
formal notice of arming of American ships;
American steamer Algonquin sunk without
warning by German submarine: China breaks
relations with Germany.
March 15— Extra session of United States een-
ate ends: Czar Nicholas II. of Russia abdi-
cates throne for himself and his son.
March 16— American steamer Vigilancia tor-
pedoed with loss of fifteen lives.
March 17— British take Bapaume; French take
Roye: American ship City of Memphis sunk.
March 18 — British and French take Peronne.
Chaulnes. Nesle and Noyon; make ten mile
gain on seventy mile front: Germans destroy
everything in abandoned territory: Ameri-
can ship Illinois sunk by submarine.
March 19— American oil ship Healdton tor-
pedoed with loss of a score of lives: French
battle ship Danton torpedoed with loss of
296 men: British and French continue ad-
vance
March 21— President Wilson calls extra ses-
sion of congress to begin April 2 instead of
April 16: "state of war" admitted to exist.
March 22— America recognizes new govern
ment in Russia.
March 24 — Washington announces withdrawal
of Minister Brand Whitlock and American
relief workers from Belgium; constitutional-
ist party in Russia votes for republican
form of government.
March 26— British defeat large force of Turks
at Gaza. Palestine: President Wilson calls
into federal service 20,000 guardsmen in
eighteen central states.
March 30 — Foreign Secretary Zimmermann. in
reichstag, explains his effort to embroil
Mexico and Japan with the United States:
President Wilson and cabinet decide that war
with Germany is the only honorable recourse
left to the United States.
April 1— The Aztec. an armed American
steamer, sunk by submarine: Russian armies
invade Turkey from Persia.
April 2 — Special session of American congress
ooens: president in address asks that exist-
ence of a state of war with Germany be
declared.
April 4 --Senate passes war resolution: Ameri
can steamship Missourian sunk in Mediter-
ranean.
April 6— House passes war resolution: presi-
dent signs resolution and issues war procla-
mation: all American naval forces mobi-
lized; German vessels in American ports
seized.
April 8— Austria-Hungary announces break in
relations with the United States.
April 9 — Canadians take Vimy ridge in great
British offensive north and south of Arras.
April 15 — Great French offensive between Sois-
sons and Reims begins; British transports
Cameronia and Arcadian sunk with heavy
loss of life.
April 20 — "America day" in Britain: special
services held in St. Paul's cathedral: Berlin
admits retirement to "Hindenburg line" in
face of allied attacks: two German destroyers
sunk off Dover.
April 21— Turkey breaks off relations with the
United States.
April 22— British mission arrives in Washing-
ton; "United States day" celebrated in Paris.
April 23 — British begin new attack on Arras
front: British capture Samara.
April 24 — Joffre-Viviani French mission arrives
in America.
April 25 — Joffre-Viviani mission given ovation
in Washington; president appoints Elihu
Root head of mission to visit Russia.
April 26 — Vacuum. American steamship, tor-
pedoed, thirty lives lost.
April 28 — Senate and house pass army draft
bill.
May 3— Canadians take Fresnoy; United States
begins making- large loans to allies.
May 4— American destroyers arrive in British
waters and begin patrol work; Russian coun-
cil of workmen and soldiers declares for
peace without annexations or indemnities
but sustains provisional government; British
transport Transylvania sunk with loss of
413 lives.
May 5— Great Britain joins French in asking
that American troops be sent to France at
once. Marshal Joffre speaks in Chicago.
May 7— War department in Washington an-
nounces that nine regiments of engineers are
to be organized and sent to France.
May 17— First American Red Cross hospital
unit arrives in England for service with the
British in France.
May 18— President Wilson orders the sending
SI a division of regulars to France under
aj.-Gen. J. J. Pershing: announces that
he will not sanction raising of volunteer
troops by Theodore Roosevelt for service in
Europe.
May 19— President Wilson asks Herbert C.
Hoover to take charge of food administra-
tion in America during the war.
May 24 — Rear-Admiral W. S. Sims appointed
vice-admiral; plan of raising $100.000.000
for Red Cross announced by Henry P. Davi-
son.
May 25— German aircraft raid England, kill-
ing seventy-six persons and injuring 174.
May 26— Italians storm second Austrian line
on Carso plateau.
June 5 — Military registration day under selec-
tive draft law in the United States; ap-
proximately 10.000,000 men register.
June 7— British begin great offensive at Mes-
sines, storming Wytschaete ridge and explod-
ing great mines.
June 8 — Gen. Pershing with staff and clerical
force reaches London: force of 100 American
aviators reach France.
June ] 0 — British gain more ground around
Messines in Ypres region.
June 11— American tank steamer Petroli te tor-
pedoed; British take German trench system
on mile front east of Messines ridge.
June 12— King Constantino of Greece forced
to abdicate his throne. \
June 13 — Gen. Pershing lands in France; Ger-
man airplanes raid London, killing 167
persons and wounding 430.
June 17— Two Zeppelins raid British coast:
one burned: Londoners demand reprisals for
air raids: Germans attack French positions
on the Chemin des Dames.
June 20— Canadians capture trenches before
Lens.
June 27 — American troops arrive in France:
French cruiser Kleber sunk by mine.
June 29 — Greece severs relations with Germany
and her allies.
June 30 — Russians open new offensive in Gali-
cia: eighty-seven German ships seized in
American ports turned over to shipping
board for operation.
July 9 — President Wilson proclaims mobiliza-
tion of national guard.
July 10— Russians reach Halicz.
542
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
July 12— Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollwegr re-
signs.
July 14— Georg Michaelis becomes German
chancellor.
July 20— Draft day in the United States.
July 22— Germans capture Tarnopol.
July 31— British drive in Flanders begun, ex-
tending from Warneton to Dixmude.
Aug. 2— Germans advance in Bukowina.
Aug. 3— Austrians take Czernowitz; Russians
evacuate Kiiiipolung.
Aug. 10— British drive Germans back on a
two-mile front between Frezenberg and
Ypres-Menin road: British take Westhoek
ridge.
Aug. 14— China declares war on Germany and
Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 16— British and French gain on nine mile
front east and north of Ypres; British take
Langemarck.
Aug. 20 — French attack on both sides of
Meuse in Verdun region, taking Avocourt
wood. Le Mort Homme. Corbeaux wood,
Cumieres, Talou ridge. Hills 240 and 244.
Mormont farm and 4.000 prisoners.
Aug. 21— Canadians take 2.000 yards of Ger-
man trenches in outskirts of Lens. ,
Aug. 24— Italians take Monte Santo: French
take Hill 304 near Verdun.
Aug. 29 — Italians gain complete control of
Bainsizza plateau.
Sept. 3— Riga captured by the Germans.
Sept. 4 and 5 — German airplanes drop bombs
on American hospital camp in France, kill-
ing -five and wounding ten persons; Italians
take Monte San Gabriele.
Sept. 7— American liner Minnehaha sunk.
Sept. 13 — State department reveals secret aid
giyen by Swedish charge d'affaires in Mex
ico to Germany.
Oct. 4 — British win on an eight mile front
north of Langemarck.
Oct. 6 — Extra session of congress ends.
Oct. 9 — British drive Germans from Poelca-
pelle: mutiny on German fleet made public.
Oct. 17 — United States transport Antilles sunk.
Oct. 23— French capture Malmaison fort and
four villages.
Oct. 24 — Big Austro-German drive against Ital-
ian front begun: part of Bainsizza plateau
taken.
Oct. 26 — Italians evacuate Bainsizza plateau.
Oct. 27 — Austrian and German troops advance
through Julian Alps: 2d Italian army de-
feated; American troops in French trenches
for practice.
Oct. 28 — German-Austrian forces take Monte
Santo. Goritz and Cividale; United States
transport Finland torpedoed, but returns to
port: nine men killed.
Oct. 29— Whole Italian Isonzo line falls: Ital-
ians retreat to the Tagliamento river.
Oct. 30— Germans and Austrians take Udine.
Nov. 1 — Germans advance southeastward from
Udine: British take Beersheba.
Nov. 2 — American steamship Rochester tor-
pedoed and sunk: Italians abandon eastern
bank of the Tagliamento river.
Nov. 6— Italians abandon the Tagliamento
line.
Nov. 7— Austro-Germans reach the Livenza
river: British take Gaza.
Nov. 9 — Gen. Armando Diaz made commander-
in-chief of Italian army in place of Gen.
Cadorna: Italians make stand on the Piave
river: interallied military council formed.
Nov. 11 — Austro-Germans take Belluno, the
Vidor bridgehead and attack Italian positions
in the Sette Comuni plateau.
Nov. 18— British take JaJa.
Nov. 21— British under Gen. Byng take Ger-
mans by surprise in Cambrai region, ad-
vancing five miles and taking thousands of
prisoners.
Nov. 23— Battle of Cambrai continues: Ger-
man emissaries sent to parley with Russian
peace faction.
Nov. 28— Armistice negotiations begun with
Germany by bo.sheviki.
Nov. 30— The Germans in a determined attack
drive the British back from their positions
at Cambrai.
Dec. 1— British succeed in regaining nearly a
mile of the front lost near Gouzeaucourt :
several American engineers killed in German
attack.
Dec. 3 — London announces officially that "East
Africa has been completely cleared of the
enemy"; every German colony is now oc-
cupied by allied forces: armistice arranged
between Russians and Germans.
Dec. 4— President Wilson asks congress to de-
clare war on Austria-Hungary.
Dec. 6— Great disaster caused at Halifax by
explosion of munitions ship; United States
destroyer Jacob Jones torpedoed and sunk.
Dec. 7 — Congress passes resolution declaring
state of war to exist between the United
States and Austria-Hungary.
Dec. 9 — Jerusalem captured by Gen. Allenby.
Dec. 11— Gen. Allenby formally enters Jeru-
salem.
Dec. 15 — Armistice signed by Russia and cen-
tral powers at Brest-Litovsk.
Dec. 19— Gen. Sarrail recalled from Saloniki.
Dec. 26— The United States takes over all
railroad lines (beginning Dec. 28) : Secretary
of the Treasury McAdoo appointed director-
general.
1918.
Jan. 4 — President Wilson at joint session ol
houses of congress asks for railroad legis-
lation: shipping board asks power to con-
tract for $2,000.000.000 worth of ships;
hospital ship Rewa torpedoed and sunk.
Jan. 7— Earl Reading appointed British high
commissioner and ambassador to the United
States.
Jan. 8— President Wilson in address before
joint session of houses of congress gives war
aims of the United States in detail.
Jan. 14 — Britain calls for 500,000 more men
for the army.
Jan. 16 — Fuel Administrator Garfield orders
manufacturing concerns to shut down five
days and also on Mondays until the end
of March to save coal.
Jan. 18— Fuelless period under Garfield order
goes into effect: approved by President Wil-
son in statement to public.
Jan. 20 — Turkish cruiser Breslau sunk in bat-
tle at entrance to the Dardanelles: battle
cruiser Goben runs aground.
Jan. 21 — Americans take informal charge of
sector of French front.
Jan. 23— Germany demands all of Baltic prov-
inces from Russia; all-Russian convention
of Soviets begins sessions in Petrograd.
Jan. 27 — President Wilson issues proclamation
asking people to save more food: Ma j. -Gen.
Leonard Wood and two other American offi-
cers wounded in explosion in France; Cu-
nard liner Andania sunk by submarine.
Jan. 29— Eastern England raided by German
airplanes.
Jan. 31— Americans hold sector on French
front.
Feb. 3— Sector of Lorraine front officially an-
nounced to have been taken over by Ameri-
can troops: United States and allies agree on
unified campaign.
Feb. 5— Transport Tuscania. carrying Ameri-
can troops, torpedoed and sunk with large
loss of life: American general takes com-
mand of sector of front in France.
Feb. 9— Peace agreement between central pow-
ers and the Ukraine signed.
Feb. 10— Russian delegates at Brest-Litovsk
declare state of war at end; Russian armies
to be demobilized.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
543
Feb. 11— President Wilson addresses congress
in reply to German and Austrian peace
speeches: text of Ukraine-German peace
treaty is made public.
Feb. 13 — Suspension of fuelless Monday order
announced by Dr. Garfleld.
Feb. 15— Capt. Vernon Castle killed in flying
accident near Fort Worth. Tex.: all United
States foreign trade put under license.
Feb. 16— President Wilson issues proclamation
requiring- licenses for all imports and ex-
ports.
Feb. 18 — Germans resume operations on the
Russian front, crossing1 the Dvina.
Feb. 19— Germans occupy Dvinsk and Lutsk
and press on into Russia: Lenin and
Trotzky sign statement announcing- surrender
of Russia.
Feb. 22 — British capture Jericho: heavy bom-
bardment .along- whole of French front: Rus-
sian soviet orders "defense to the death"
against Germans.-
Feb. 26— Five American soldiers killed and
100 or more disabled by German gas at-
tack; U. S. naval tug- Cherokee founders in
storm; twenty-nine lives lost.
March 1— Americans in Toul sector repulse
heavy German raid, killing- many of the
enemy.
March 2 — Germans capture Kiev in the
Ukraine; Germans occupy Aland islands:
Russian deleg-ation at Brest-Litorsk accepts
German peace terms.
March 4 — Roumania accepts German armistice
conditions: Russians stop fighting-.
March 6 — Announcement made that Americans
hold eight-mile front in France.
March 7 — Finland and Germany sign peace
treaty.
March 11 — American troops make successful
raid on German trenches in Lorraine.
March 14— American troops in Luneville sec-
tor occupy German trenches northeast of
Badenvillers ; allies decide to commandeer
1,000,000 tons of Dutch shipping;' congress
of Soviets in Moscow ratifies German peace
terms.
March 15— Hindenburg- and Ludendorff threat-
en big offensive on west front if allies are
not responsive to peace overtures.
March 16 — Germans make strong attack on
American lines north of Toul, but are de-
feated.
March 20— The United States and Britain req-
uisition all Dutch ships in their waters:
total tonnage taken about 1,000.000.
March 21-r-Germans begin heavy offensive
along British front from the Oise to the
Scarpe. a distance of fifty miles; British
bombard Ostend from the sea; four Ger-
man destroyers and torpedo boats sunk by
British and French destroyers off Dunkerque;
Americans smash German first and second
line defenses at Luneville.
March 22— British line bent back in some
places by Germans, who claim to have taken
16.000 prisoners.
March 23— Germans drive the British back
over a front of about twenty-one miles to a
depth of four or five miles west of Cambrai ;
Berlin claims that large part of British army
is beaten and that 25.000 enemy troops have
been captured; Paris is bombarded by Ger-
man gun seventy-four miles away.
March 24 — Germans capture Chauny, Ham.
Peronne and the heights of Mpnchy and
cross the River Somme; British line after a
retreat of about fifteen miles holds fast.
March 25 — Germans capture Bapaume, Nesle
and Guiscard: French take over part of front
in southern Somme region.
March 26— Germans take Rove and Lihons
and cross the Bar, aume- Albert road near
Conrcelette and Pozieres; French, British
and American troops fight side by side in
and
up
American sector without success
between Moreuil and Lassigny on a
fr°nt' but *ain only7 minor
rivers and advance slightly near Hamel • Ger
mans attack Americans holding sector on
hei?hts 80uth of Verdun but are re-
April 7— Two German raids on American
trenches northwest of Toul repulse? w^th
o^The wSalliS:«??il!fllA re*^e positions
of Albert cre river> north
nk' Dart °< #
Apnl 10— North of Armentieres the British
troops are pressed back to the line of
Wytschaete. Messmes ridge and Ploesrsteert
Americans beat off heavy attack inToui
tiaTTt, to evacuate Armen-
tieres, but hold Messmes ridge after heavy
Slf!^ire52£SSe ^o Germans on north front
stiffening: violent fighting near Montdidier;
French government pubhshes letter showing
S«atnrEfmPer0/ ACharles of Austria SSSSS
A^H IIP °v- ?^ $lsace-^orraine to France.
Apnl 12— Field Marshal Haig issues order to
out" to the end: Ameri-
rn -m longr figrht on Toul
A i « Sf , irty-8'x prisoners.
April 13— British retake Neuve Eglise and post
recapture
April 14— Heavy fighting about Neuve Eglise
and m the neighborhood of Bailleul • Ger-
mans take Merris and Vieux Berquin'- Ger-
^an5-u°n,tmue attack on Americans north of
St. Mihiel and are repulsed with heavy loss
Apnl 15 — Germans again take Neuve Eglise-
seven assaults against British trenches at
Merville repulsed.
April 16— Germans capture Bailleul. Wulver-
ghem, Wytschaete and the greater part of
Messmes ndge.
April 17— French troops come to aid British
line in north, co-operating on the Meteren-
Merns line; Germans announce capture of
Poelcapelle. Passchendaele and Langemarck:
Bntish gain ground at Meteren. but are
forced back.
April 18— British repel attacks on a twelve-
mile front from St. Venant to Givenchy:
German attempts' to cross La Bassee canal
in the direction of Bethune fail with heavy
544
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
loss: French forces gain ground on a two
mile front on the Avre river.
April 20— Twelve hundred German shock
troops attack Americans near Benners forest
and take village of Seicheprey from them;
all the lost ground recovered by counterat-
tack; German raid near St. Mihiel easily
repulsed by Americans.
April 23— British and French attack Zeebrugge
and Ostend and sink five old cruisers in
harbor channels to bottle up "U" boat
April 24 — Germans attack French and Ameri-
cans in vicinity of Hangard and press them
back slightly; also attack British front south
of the Somme. capturing Villers-Bretonneux.
April 25— Germans occupy part of Mont Kem-
mel after heavy fighting: British recapture
Villers-Bretonneux: French forced out of
Hangard. but hold ground in vicinity.
April 26 — Germans complete capture of Mont
Kemmel and take Dranoutre and St. Eloi;
allies retake some ground at Hangard. oc-
cupying part of the town: battle continu-
ing with extreme violence: tanks taking part
in strug-ple on both sides.
April 28— Hard fighting continues about Locre
and Voormezeele; British withdraw over the
Steenbach river east of Ypres: Germans take
Hill 60: violent bombardments from Villers-
Bretonneux to the Luce river and in regions
west of Novon.
April 29— British positions from Meteren to
Zillebeke heavily attacked but are unshaken:
attacks on Belgian front also repulsed: Ger-
mans fail in attacks on Scherpenberg and
Mont Rouge: presence of American troops
on line defending Amiens and Paris an-
nounced.
April 30— French recapture Locre.
May 6— Australians drive Germans back near
Morlancourt. between the Ancre and Somme
rivers: Canadian line extended in vicinity
of NeuviUe-Vitasse. Mercatel and Boisleux-
St. Marie: Germans rain mustard shells on
American troops on Picardy front.
May 7— American troops arriving on French
front in force.
May 8— Germans take parts of allied front
trenches in the Voormezeele-La Clytte sector,
near Ypres. but are driven out by counter-
attack: Germans also attack on the Flan-
ders front north of Kemmel and suffer
heavy casualties: American patrol wiped out
in Toul sector.
May 10— Old cruiser Vindictive sunk by the
British at entrance to Ostend harbor, block-
ing the channel.
May 14 — Italians torpedo Austrian dread-
nought in Pola harbor.
May 17— Announcement made that American
troops have joined the British in Picardy:
Sinn Fein leaders arrested and discovery of
German plot in Ireland proclaimed.
May 19— Maj. Raoul Lufbery. American ace
aviator, killed in aerial fight: Australian
troops take Ville-sur-Ancre with 380 Ger-
mans and twenty machine guns.
May 20 — French advance on a two-mile front
near Mont Kemmel and take 400 prisoners.
May 21— Savage fighting on the northern side
of the Lys salient in Flanders; Americans
take prisoners in reconnoissance combats in
Lorraine.
May 23— Troopship Moldavia torpedoed with
loss of fifty-three American soldiers.
May 27— Germans begin second great offensive,
taking the Chemin des Dames from the
French and crossing the Aisne: also attack
British divisions at Berry-au-Bac. forcing
the troops on the left to fall back: French
repulse Germans on Lys battle front.
May 28 — American troops northwest of Mont-
t didier attack German line on a front of one
and one-auarter miles, capture village of
Cantigny and take 200 prisoners.
May 29— Soissons taken by the Germans, but
allies hold outskirts of that city and also
Reims, giving ground slowly without using
many reserves: Americans consolidate their
positions at Cantigny and repel several coun-
terattacks.
May 30— Germans approach close to the Marne
at a ppint about fifty-five miles from Paris,
occupying Fere-en-Tardenois and Vezilly;
French hold enemy back near Soissons and
Reims: enemy attacks on Americans at
Cantigny repulsed.
May 31 — Germans reach Chateau Thierry and
other points on the Marne. where they
are halted by the Americans and French: at-
tacks near Blerancourt and Neuilly-St. Front
broken up: Americans in Woevre region de-
stroy advanced enemy positions: submarine
sinks United States transport President Lin-
coln, westbound from European port.
June 1 — Germans capture Chouy and Neuilly-
St. Front; fierce fighting on both sides of
the Ourcq river.
June 2— French resist successfully strong
enemy attacks north of the Ourcq and the
Marne and recapture several small villages,
including Long-pent. Corey and Troesnes;
halt Germans at Chateau Thierry; German
submarines on coast of United States sink
several American vessels.
June 3— Ten American ships sunk on At-
lantic coast by German submarines be-
tween about May 26 and June 3.
June 4 — Germans take Pernant: Gen. Per-
shing reports that Americans brigaded with
French troops helped to repulse Germans at
Chateau Thierry, Veuilly-la-Poterie and
Jaulgonne.
June 5— French repulse attacks at Monta-
lagache. Vingre and Chavigny farm; Amer-
ican patrols in Picardy and Lorraine pene-
trate enemy positions and inflict losses in
killed and wounded.
June 6 — American marines gain two miles on
a two and a half mile front and take 100
prisoners near Veuilly. northwest of Chateau
Thierry; take Hill 142 near Torcy and enter
Torcy itself; Germans repeatedly thrown
back in attempting to cross the Oise river
south of Noyon.
June 7 — French and Americans complete cap-
ture of Vilny, Veuilly-la-Poterie. Bussaires.
Torcy, Belleau and the heights southeast of
Haute Vesnes: Americans in second battle
northwest of Chateau Thierry advance nearly
two and a half miles on a six-mile front and
take 300 prisoners.
June 9— ^rmans begin new offensive between
Montdidier and the Oise and advance about
four miles, reaching villaeres of Ressons-sur-
Matz and Mareuil. but making little progress
elsewhere; Americans beat off attacks on
Hill 204: American steamer Pinar del Rio
sunk by submarine off coast of Maryland.
June 10 — Germans advance two miles and take
villages of Mery. Belloy and St. Maury.
claiming the capture of 8.000 French: Ital-
ians torpedo and sink Austrian battle ship
Szent Istvan.
June 11— French inflict severe defeat on Ger-
mans on a front of seven miles between
Rubescourt and St. Maur. taking 1.000
prisoners: Americans complete capture of
s Belleau wood, taking 300 prisoners and sev-
eral machine guns and mortars.
June 12— Germans cross the Matz river and
take the village of Melicocq and the heights
of Croix Ricard; French retire from salient
south of Noyon and east of the Ois* river,
giviner up positions in Carlenont wood.
June 15 — Austrians beein offensive against
Italians along 100-mile front, crossing the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
645
Piave in several places and obtaining: other
small successes.
June 16 — Italians in counterattacks drive back
the Austrians in most places and take 3,000
prisoners.
June 17— Allies on the Italian front take the
offensive.
June 18— Austrians halted with enormous
losses on most parts of the front.
June 23— On the Piave river front in Italy
from the Montello to the Adriatic the Aus-
trians retreat in disorder, abandoning1 many
guns and much war Material; Italians, pur-
suing- vigorously, capture thousands of
prisoners; Americans clear out remainder of
Belleau wood, taking five machine guns.
June 24 — Losses of Austrians on Piave front
enormous; 40,000 prisoners taken by the
Italians.
June 26-TIn battle beginning1 June 25 Ameri-
cans kill 700 Germans and capture more
than 250 out of 1,200 on a ridge north of
the Bois de Belleau.
June 28 — First American troops arrive in
Italy.
June 30— Italians take the -whole of Val Bella,
Rosso and Echele mountains, with 2,000
prisoners.
July 1— American troops capture village of
Vaux, west of Chateau Thierry, with more
than 300 prisoners, including five officers;
complete unit of 220,000 Americans guard-
ing- road to Paris, it is announced: United
States transport Covington torpedoed and
sunk.
July 2 — Germans make counterattack near
Vaux and Hill 204 but lose heavily, one
regiment being- nearly annihilated by the
Americans.
July 3 — Germans make further futile counter-
attacks against Americans at Vaux, their
losses being- estimated at 3.000; heavy bom-
bardment of American positions continues;
Italians attack on the lower Piave between
Capo Sile and Zenson. taking 1,900 prisoners.
July 4 — American Independence day celebrat-
ed in England, France and Italy as well as
in the United States.
July 6 — Count von Mirbach. German ambassa-
dor to Russia, assassinated in Moscow; John
Purroy Mitchel, former mayor of New York,
killed in airplane accident near Lake Charles,
La.
July 9 — Dr. Richard von Kuehlmann's resig-
nation as German foreign secretary accepted.
July 10 — Italian forces in Albania advance on
a forty mile front between the middle Osuna
river and the Adriatic: Admiral von Hmtze
appointed German foreig-n secretary.
July 11 — Austrians retreat from Berat and
Fieri in Albania toward the Skumbi river
and Elbassan; French forces west of Lake
Ochrida in Serbian Macedonia make progress
against the Bulgarians.
July 13— War department in Washington an-
nounces formation of three army corps in
France; President Wilson given authority by
congress to take over telegraph wires.
July 14— Lieut. Quentin Roosevelt killed in
aerial battle.
July 15 — Germans begin big offensive from
Chateau Thierry on the west to Main de
Massig-es. farther east, along- a sixty-five-mile
front, crossing the Ma me at various places;
Americans in the Chateau region retire a
short distance but by a strong- counterattack
drive the e::emy back across the Marne with
heavy losses.
July 16— German offensive west and east of
Reims continues; allied lines hold at all im-
portant points: Festig-ny the farthest point
reached bv the Germans.
July 17— Battle continues violently on both
sides of Peims.
July 18— Gen. Foch delivers heavy counter-
attack against the western side of the Ger-
man salient along a line Iroin the Marne to
the Aisne; takes Germans by surprise and
captures more than a score of towns ana
many heavy cannon; Americans take part
in drive and with the French advance -six
miles; cavalry and tanks used in the battle.
July 19 — French and Americans continue of-
fensive between the Aisne and the Marne.
taking 17.000 prisoners and 360 guns.
July 20 — German troops south of the Marne
forced to retreat to north side; French and
American troops between the Aisne and the
Marne continue to press forward; French.
British, American and Italian forces attack
and gain ground along the line extending:
from Chateau Thierry east to Reims; num-
ber of prisoners taken by the allies increased
to more than 20.000; transport Justicia.
32.234 tons, torpedoed and sunk.
July 21— Germans driven out of Chateau
Thierry by French and Americans: subma-
rine sinks four coal barges and a tug off
coast of Massachusetts.
July 23— Allies take more towns on north side
of the Marne. including Jaulgonne. Buzancy.
Oulchy-le-Chateau. Marfaux and Mailly-Rain-
eval; German losses since July 15 estimated
at 180.000.
July 24— Americans take Epieds and advance
toward Fere-en-Tardenois.
July 26 — French and American troops capture
Oulchy-le-Chateau: Gen. Mangin's forces take
Villemontoire ; French also recapture Main
de Msssis'es.
July 27— Germans retreat all along- the line
north of the Marne. the allies reaching- a
point ten miles from Chateau Thierry:
American troops capture Le Channel and
cross the Ourca east of Fere-en-Tardenois.
July 28— Allies force the Germans across the
Ourcq in many places, driving the Germans
five miles; allies enter Fere-en-Tardenois and
reach Ville-en-Tardenois.
July 29— Allies advance to within ten miles
of Fismes on the Vesle river; take Grand
Rozy and Cugny by storm: Americans take
Seringes-et-Nesle, Sergy and Roncheres.
Aug-. 2— Allies capture Soissons. cross the
Crise and progress widely north of the
Ourcq : they also take Goussaincourt. Villers-
Agron. Ville-en-Tardenois. Gueux and Thil-
loy; German crown prince's army in full re-
treat everywhere: American troops advance
with the French five miles north of Fere-
en-Tardenois.
Aug;. 3— American troor»s enter suburbs of
Fismes after taking- Cohan and other towns;
French and American troops continue ad-
vancing- on a, forty-five-mile front.
Augr. 4— Americans take whole of Fismes:
British troops advance in Picardy; Germans
evacuate Albert.
Aug-. 7— American infantry cross to north bank
of Vesle river at various places: Maj.-Gen.
William S. Graves made commander of
American military expedition to Siberia.
Aug-. 8— British and French begin great of-
fensive in Picardy east of Amiens.
Aug-. 10— French recapture Montdidier; British
and American troops capture Morlancourt.
Aug-. 11— Organization of first American field
army in France announced.
Aug1. 13— Czecho-Slovaks recognized as a na-
tion by Great Britain. t
Aug-. 14— Germans fall back on five-mile front
north of Albert; French capture Ribecourt.
Aug. 15 — American troops arrive at Vladivo-
stok. Siberia.
Aug-. 19— British strike in the Lys salient and
the French between the Aisne and the Oise;
British enter Merville; French capture Fres-
nieres
Aug. 20 — Gen. Mangin's 4th French army
takes 8.000 Germans in smash between the
546
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Oise and the Aisne.
Aug-. 21— Gen. Mangin takes Lassigny and ad-
vances over a front of fifteen miles to a
depth of five miles: British attack on a ten-
mile front from the Ancre river to the vi-
cinity of Moyenviiie, taningr seven vihag-es.
Aug. 22— British capture Albert with 1.400
prisoners .
Aug. 23 — Gen. Byngr advances on six-mile front
from southeast of Albert to the vicinity of
Grandcourt; British take Aehiet-le-Grand and
Gomiecourt; Gen. Mangin drives the Ger-
mans across the valley of the Aiiette.
Aug. 24— Americans advance to the Soissons-
Reims road; British capture Bray and
Thiepval.
Aug. 25 — British hold road from Albert to
Bapaume and reach outskirts of Bullecourt.
Aug1. 26 — Canadian and other British troops
capture Monchy-le-Preux : French capture
Fresnoy-le-Roy and St. Mard.
Aug-. 27— British capture section of Hinden-
burg- line and occupy Cherisy, Vis-en-Artoia
and Bois du Sart: Americans make attack
on Bazoches.
Aug. 28— Chaulnes taken by the French.
Aug. 29— Noyon captured by French: Ba-
paume taken by the British: Americans and
French with the assistance of numerous
tanks drive Germans from Juvigny.
Sept. 1— Americans in Belgium capture Voor-
mezeele* Australian troops capture Peronne
and 2.000 prisoners.
Sept. 2— English. Scotch and Canadian troops
carry the Queant^Drocourt "switch line."
Sept. 3 — British troops push forward to Ba-
ralle. eight miles from Cambrai. driving- the
Germans to the Canal du Nord: a dozen vil-
lages taken in an advance along- a twenty-
mile front to a maximum depth of six
miles: 10.000 Germans taken prisoners.
Sept. 4— Germans retreat on Vesle front before
Americans and French.
Sept. 7 — Allies advance on fifty-mile front
from Havrincourt wood to the Chemin des
Dames; Americans reach the Aisne in the
vicinity of Vieil Arcy.
Sept. 8 — British clear Germans out of Havrin-
court wood: reach line held at beginning- of
German offensive March 21.
Sept. 12— Gen. Persians attacks St. Mihiel
salient after heavy artillery preparation:
takes many towns and a large number of
prisoners: advances five miles at some
points; French occupy town of St. Mihiel.
Sept. 13 — American troops wipe out remainder
of St. Mihiel salient, forcing- Germans back
on Wotan line.
Sept. 14— Americans take 150 square miles of
territory in St. Mihiel offensive, with 15,000
prisoners.
Sept. 15 — French and Serbians pierce Bulgarian
front for a width of ten miles.
Sept. 17 — Allies continue their successful of-
fensive in Macedonia: Germans rush up
heavy reserves to oppose the Americans.
Sept. 18— British and French pierce Hinden-
burg line on a twenty-two-mile front, taking
ten towns and 6.000 prisoners in St. Quen-
tin sector: Bulgarian resistance on Mace-
donian front weakening-.
Sept. 19— French fight their way over the St.
Quentin canal, capturing- Contescourt and
Castres: Field Marshal Haig reports capture
of 10.000 prisoners and sixty grins.
• Sept. 23 — French forces reach the Oise river
between Vandeuil and Travecy; Germans
start evacuating- Cambrai: Germans and Bul-
g-arians in flight through Serbia.
Sept. 24— French cavalrymen take Prilep in
Sept. 25 — Bulgrar armies on Macedonian front
split into groups: Gen. Allenby in Palestine
reports capture of 40.000 Turks and 265
guns in great offensive.
Sept. 26 — Gen. Pershing-'s 1st army smashes its
way seven miles deep into the German lines
over a front of twenty miles from the Meuse
westward through the Argonne forest, cap-
turing- twelve towns, 5.000 prisoners and
twenty large guns: Varennes. Montblainville.
Vauquois and Cheppy taken by storm:
French attack from Auberive eastward to
Main Massiges: Serbians capture Veles
Sept. 27— Bulgarians ask for armistice and
terms of peace; British take Strumnitza
Sept. 28— Americans repulse German counter-
blows north of Dannevoux; French capture
Fort Malmaison; Belgians begin offensive in
Dixmude-Ypres area and with the British
take Houthulst forest.
Sept. 29 — Armistice between allies and Bul-
garians signed: French capture Urvillers and
Cerizy and break Hindenburg line between
St. Quentin and La Fere; Americans and
French take western part of the Chemin dea
Dames: Americans capture Montfaucon; en-
tire department of the Somme liberated from
the Germans: American troops help British
to take Bellicourt. Nauroy and other places
on the Hindenburg- line where the Scheldt
canal passes through a tunnel ; Belgians
drive close to Roulers. taking Dixmude.
Moorslede. Passchendaele and other towua
with more than 5.000 prisoners.
Sept. 30— British enter part of Cambrai: cap-
ture Thorigny. Le Tronquoy and Gonnelieu;
Belgians enter Roulers: French cavalry enter
Uskup in Serbia.
Oct. 1— French troops enter St. Quentin as far
as canal: heavy fighting by British all along-
the Cambrai-St. Quentin sector; Belgians
clear Roulers of foes.
Oct. 2— St. Quentin taken by the French.
Americans cut off for two days in advanced
position between Cambrai and St. Quentin
rescued: heavy German artillery fire on
American front between the Aisne and the
Meuse.
Oct. 3— King- Ferdinand of Bulgaria abdicates
in favor of Prince Boris: British smash large
and vital section of Hindenburg line be-
tween St. Quentin and Cambrai. taking- many
small towns and 5.000 prisoners: French
advance from one to two miles north, east
and south of St. Quentin and also in the
Champagne region.
Oct. 4 — American troops resume offensive west
of the Meuse. advancing their lines from one
to three miles, taking Hill 240 and the vil-
lages of Gesnes. Fleville. Chehery and La
Forges, attaining all their objectives
Oct. 5 — Germans hurriedly evacuating Lille and
beginning a movement to abandon the Bel-
gian coast region: British troops enter Lens;
Germans retreat on a twenty-eight-mile front
north of Reims: French take Fort Brimont.
Oct. 6— Germany sends appeal for peace: Ger-
mans fire Bruges docks and withdraw stores
from Ghent: fighting by Americans west of
the Meuse declared to be bloodiest in their
experience, the Germans using their best
troops against them
Oct. 7 — Americans win hot battle for posses-
sion of north end of Areronne forest.
Oct. 8 — British. French and American troops
deliver assault on twenty-mile front between
Cambrai and St. Quentin. taking thousands
of prisoners; Americans take Brancourt and
Premont; in Verdun region the Am°rican3
continue fight for remainder of Argonne
forest; Franco-American forces advance two
miles on a seven-mile front east of the
Meuse.
Oct. 9— Americans reach southern outskirts of
Sivry and enter Chaune wood; penetrate Ger-
man main lines west of the Meuse between
Cunel and Romagne: British-American lines
sweeping through twenty-mile gap between
Cambrai and St. Quentin almost to the line
of the Selle and Sambre risers ; Cambrai
fully occupied.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
547
Oct. 10 — British take Le Cateau and drive
Germans many miles: French advance four
miles east of St. Quentin.
Oct. 11 — Argonne forest completely cleared oi
Germans by the American troops.
Oct. 12 — Germans fall back on Champagne
front from Laon to the Argonne; French
drive forward on a front of seventy-five
miles from La Fere to the Argonne: vast
quantities of ammunition captured by Ameri-
cans and British in Bohain region: Germany
accepts peace terms laid down by President
Wilson Jan. 8: Washington finds flaws in
reply.
Oct. 13— Americans advance on both sides of
the Meuse. taking all their objectives: Laon
taken by the French without a fight.
Oct. 14— French. British and Belgian troops
take many villages in Belgium, with 7.000
prisoners: American troops advance beyond
Cunel and Romagne west of the Meuse and
•farther west reach St. Georges and Landres-
et-St. Georges.
Oct. 15 — American troops hit the German line
north of Verdun, taking St. Juvin and Hill
299 west of Bantheville: left wing crosses
Aire river and approaches Grandpre: in
Flanders the British advance to the vicinity
of Courtrai: capture Gull^ghem and Heule
and advance to suburhs of Lille.
Oct. 16— Americans capture Grandpre; Ger-
mans continue their great retreat from
northern Belgium.
Oct. 17— Belgians enter Bruges and Zeebrugge
and British occupy Ostend. Lille and Douai:
King Albert enters Ostend: Americans take
Cote Chatillon.
Oct. 18 — Belgian flags fly over every town on
the Belgian coast: French occupy and
beyond Thielt; French drive on Guise:
evacuated by the Germans and entered by
British: Americans take Bantheville.
Oct. 22— British troops enter suburbs of Valen-
ciennes.
Oct. 23— Americans advance on fifteen-mile
front, taking Brieulles, Tamla farm and
other places north of Bantheville.
Oct. 24— Americans attack east of the Meuse
and reach the Freya position: British drive
Germans back along whole front between
the Sambre and the Meuse.
Oct. 25— British, French and Italian troops be-
gin new offensive on Italian front between
the Brenta and Piave rivers, taking: 3,000
prisoners.
Oct. 26 — British troops advance south of Val-
enciennes: French pierce the Hunding line:
Italians gain in attacks on Austrian defenses
on Piave line.
Oct. 27— Gen. Ludendorff resigns as first
quartermaster-general of German army:
French gain five miles on Serre front and
take ten towns: Italian forces cross the
Piave and take 9,000 Austrians and fifty-
one guns.
Oct. 28— Austria again urgently asks for peace;
French continue drive beyond the Oise: Ger-
man administration moves from Brussels.
Oct. 29 — Allied forces in Italy capture Conegli-
ano. five miles from the Piave, and push on
along a front of thirty-seven miles: Rhine
Germans in wild flight.
Oct. 30— German note seeks to hasten de-
cision on armistice terms: Czechs take over
rule of Prague: Italians capture Vittorio and
drive the Austrians back along the Piave
from the mountains to the sea: taking of
33.000 Austrians in drive announced
Oct. 31— Turkey makes full surrender; Aus-
trian collapse on Italian front: troops aban-
don everything in flight to escape.
Nov. 1 — Armistice terms given to Austria*
Americans advance four miles in new drive
east of the Argonne: British get grip on
Valenciennes: allies in Belgium take nine-
teen towns and gain ten miles; Americans
capture Landres-et-St. Georges, Remonville.
Clery le Grand and other towns with 2.000
prisoners.
Nov. 2— British take Valenciennes: Americans
break through the Freya line and take
Champigneulle, Buzancy. Fosse. Baricourt and
Doulcon. •
Nov. 3— Italians capture Trent and Udine:
whole Austrian front smashed
Nov. 4— Austria makes complete surrender:
Americans advance toward Sedan, reaching-
Stenay; British in advance between the
Scheldt and the Oise-Sambre canal and with
the French co-operating take 10.000 prison-
ers and 200 guns.
Nov. 5 — German armies on western front re-
treat everywhere.
Nov. 6— French win on 100-mile front, taking-
Vervins. Montcornet and Rethel: Americans
enter Sedan: cross the Meuse river: Germans
give up Ghent: Germans seeking truce reach
French lines.
Nov. 7— Passage of German peace envoys to
French headquarters arranged; allied armies
drive along 'whole front.
Nov. 8 — British. French and American armies
press forward along whole of long line from
extreme north to east of the Meuse: scores
of towns taken: German plenipotentiaries ar-
rive at Marshal Foch's headquarters and are
given armistice terms fixed by allied war
council with time limit for acceptance fixed
lor 11 o'clock Monday morning. Nov. 1 1 :
German socialists demand abdication of Em-
peror William: revolution in Berlin: Bavaria
deposes king and proclaims a republic.
Nov. 9 — Chancellor Prince Maximilian of Ger-
many announces that kaiser and crown prince
have decided to renounce the throne; Deputy
Ebert made imperial chancellor.
Nov. 10 — First and 2d American armies ad-
vance along the Moselle and the Meuse on a
front of about seventy-one miles: capture
Stenay and numerous fortified positions in
Lorraine: Gen. Gouraud makes official entry
into Sedan: Emperor William takes refuge in
Holland.
Nov. 11 — German envoys sign armistice t^rme
and fighting ceases at 11 a. m. all along
the line: President Wilson announces to con-
gress that "the war thus comes to an end":
great peace celebration held in all the allied
countries with scenes of unparalleled en-
thusiasm.
CHRONOLOGY OF OTHER RECENT WARS.
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 1898.
Maine blown up Feb. 15
Diplomatic relations broken April 21
Cuban blockade declared April 22
War declared by Spain April 24
War declared by United States April 25
Dewey's victory at Manila May 1
Hobson's Merrimac exploit June 3
U. S. army corps lands in Cuba June 21
Battle at El Caney and San Juan July 1
Cervera's fleet destroyed July 3
Santiago de Cuba surrenders July 17
Peace protocol signed Aug. 12
Surrender of Miniln Aug. 13
Peace treaty signed in Paris Dec. 12
PHILIPPINE WAR. 1899-1002.
Hostilities begun Feb. 4. 1 8P9
Battles around Manila Feb. 4-7. 1899
Battle at Pasig March 13. 1899
Santa Cruz captured April 25. 1899
San Fernando captured May 5. 1 899
Battle of Bfcoor June 13. 1 899
Battle of Imus June 16. 3899
Battle of Colamba July 26.1899
Battle of Calulut Aug. 9.1899
Battle of Angeles Aug. 16.1899
548
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Maj. John A. Logan killed Nov. 11. 1899
Gen. Gregorio del Pilar killed Dec. 10, 1899
Gen. Lawton killed Dec. 19, 1899
Taft commission appointed Feb. 25. 1900
Aguinaldo captured March 23. 1901
End of war April 30. 1902
Military governorship ended July 4. 1902
ANGLO-BOER WAR. 1899-1902.
Boers declare war Oct. 10. 1899
Boers invade Natal Oct. 12. 1899
Battle of Glencoe Oct. 20. 1899
Battle of Magersf ontein Dec. 10, 1899
Battle of Colesburg Dec. 31. 1899
Spion Kop battles Jan. 23-25, 1900
Kimberley relieved Feb. 15, 1900
Gen. Cronje surrenders Feb. 27, 1900
Ladysmith relieved March 1. 1900
Mafeking relieved May 17. 1900
Johannesburg captured May 30, 1900
Orange Free State annexed May 30. 1900
Pretoria captured. June 4. 1900
South African Republic annexed.. .Sept. 1. 1900
Gen. Methuen captured March 7. 1902
Treaty of peace signed May 31. 1902
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR. 1904-1905.
Hostilities begun by Japan Feb. 8. 1904
War declared Feb. 10. 1904
Petropavlovsk sunk April 13, 1904
Battle of the Yalu May 1. 1904
Battle ship Hatsuse sunk May 15. 1904
Cruiser Yoshino sunk May 15, 1904
Nanshan hill battles May 21-27. 1904
Dalny captured May 30. 1904
Vafangow battle June 14. 1904
Kaiping captured July 8. 1904
Port Arthur invested July 20-31. 1904
Newchwang evacuated July 25. 1904
Haicheng evacuated Aug. 3. 1904
Port Arthur naval battle Aug. 10. 1904
Battle of Liaoyang Aug. 26-Sept. 4. 1904
Battle of Sha river Oct. 12-19. 1904
Dogger bank affair Oct. 22. 1904
203-Meter hill captured Nov. 30. 1904
North Keekwan captured Dec. 18. 1904
Ehrlungshan captured Dec. 25. 1904
Sungshushan captured Dec. 31. 1904
Kilkish is captured July 4. 1913
Port Arthur surrendered Jan. 1-2. 1905
Battle of Heikoutai Jan. 27-Feb. 4. 1905
Battle of Mukden Feb. 24-March 12. 1905
Battle of Sea of Japan May 27-28. 1905
Roosevelt peace proposal June 7, 1905
Sakhalin captured July 31. 1905
Portsmouth peace conference. ..Aug. 9-29. 1905
Peace treaty signed Sept. 5, 1905
ITALIAN-TURKISH WAR. 1911-1912.
War declared by Italy Sept. 29, 1911
Tripoli bombarded Oct. 3, 1911
Tripoli captured Oct. 5. 1911
Turks repulsed by Italians Oct. 30, 1911
Seven Turkish gunboats sunk. . . .Jan. 7, 1912
Beirut bombarded i. . . .Feb. 24. 1912
Tripoli annexed Feb. 25. 1912
Island of Rhodes seized May 4. 1912
Battle of Zanzur oasis June 9. 1912
Town of Sidi Ali captured July 14. 1912
Peace treaty signed Oct. 18. 1912
BALKAN-TURKISH WAR. 1912-1913.
Balkan-Turkish war begun Oct. 9. 1912
War formally declared Oct. 18, 1912
Battle of Kirk Kilesseh Oct. 24. 1912
Battle of Lule Burgas Oct. 29-31, 1912
Saloniki captured .Nov. 8, 1912
Monastir captured Nov. 18. 1912
London peace conference Dec. 16. 1912
Peace conference ended Jan. 29. 1913
War resumed Feb. 3, 1913
Janina captured March 6. 1913
Adrianople captured March 27. 1913
Scutari captured April 23, 1913
Powers occupy Scutari May 14, 1913
Peace treaty signed May 30. 1913
BALKAN-BULGARIAN WAR. 1913.
Fighting is begun May 23. 1913
Battle of Makres June 10, 1913
Seres and Kavala are captured July 9, 1913
Roumania wars on Bulgaria July 12, 1913
Turks attack Bulgaria July 12. 1913
Turks reoccupy Adrianople July 21, 1913
Peace treaty signed Aug. 10. 1913
Note — For chronology of world war see spe-
cial account in this volume.
TRANSCONTINENTAL, AIRPLANE RACE.
Many of the best military aviators in the
United States took part in a twice across the
American continent race beginning simultane-
ously on the Atlantic and Pacific coast on
Oct. 8 and ending Nov. 1. 1919. It was
under the auspices of the army air service in
conjunction with the American Flying Club of
New York city. Trophies for the beet time
made were offered by various chambers of
commerce in the cities selected as stopping
places or controls. Each flyer had to make a
stop of half an h«ur at each halting place and
flying after dark, except where unavoidable,
was prohibited. There was an observer as
well as a pilot on each machine. The distance
to be covered in the round trip was 5.400
miles. The official stops and the distance to
the next control follow:
Mineola. N. Y., zero: Binghamtcm. N. Y.,
142: Rochester. N. Y., 125: Buffalo. 56: Cleve-
land. O.. 180: Bryan. O.. 147: Chicago. 160:
Rock Island. 111.. 155: Des Moines, Iowa. 158:
Omaha. Neb., 118: St. Paul. Neb.. 132: North
Platte. Neb., 118: Sidney. Neb.. 112: Chey-
enne. Wyo., 93: Rawlins. Wyo.. 113: Green
River. Wyo., 137: Salt Lake City. Utah. 137:
Salduro. Utah, 100: Battle Mountain. Nev..
162: Reno. Nev., 169: Sacramento, Cal., 112:
San Francisco. Cal.. 75.
Sixty-three aviators started in the race on
Oct. 8 and several others of more than eighty
who had entered started later. Forty-eight
asc^ndpd from Roosevelt fi>ld at Mineola. L. I..
and fifteen from San Francisco. Cal. Not a1!
finished. Some met with mishaps of va~ir>us
kinds, which took them out of the race, and a
number, unfortunately, were killed by falls or
collisions.
The aviator making the most spectacular
race and finishing first in the west bound and
the round trip race was Lieut. Belvin W.
Maynard. a Baptist minister and winner of
trip contest between New York and Montreal.
Of the sixty-odd who started only eight com-
pleted the entire race. These in the order of
finish were: Lieut. B. W. Maynard. Capt. J.
O. Donaldson. Capt. Lowell H. Smith, Lieut.
Alexander Pearson, Jr., Lieut. Earl Manzel-
man, Lieut.-Col. Hartney, Lieut. R. H. Bagby
and Lieut. Robert Worthington.
Race officials in Washington announced un-
officially Oct. 23. that Lieut. Alexander Pear-
son had completed the double trip across the
continent in the best time. Pearson, fourth to
finish, made the 5,400 miles in 48 hours. 37
minutes and 16 seconds, ten hours less than
the time of Capt. Lowell H. Smith or Capt.
J. O. Donaldson and better than Lieut. B. W.
Maynard's record, even after subtracting
eighteen hours spent by Maynard in replacing
his motor at Wahoo. Neb.
Those who lost their lives in the race were:
Maj. D. H. Crissy. pilot, and Sergt. Virgil
Thomas, at Salt Lake City. Utah. Oct. 8:
Sergt. W. H. Nevitt at Port Deposit. N. Y .
Oct. 8: Lieut. E. V. Wales, pilot, near Chey-
enne. Wyo., Oct. 9; Worth D. McClure. pas-
senger, at Buffalo. N. Y.. Oct. 10: Lieut.
French Kirby. pilot, and Lieut. Stanley C.
Miller, observer, in Summit county. Utah.
Oct. 15.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
549
TREATY OF PEACE WITH GERMANY.
Following; is the complete text of the treaty
of peace with Germany as finally adopted and
signed at Versailles. France. June 28, 1919:
THE_ UNITED STATES . OF AMERICA. THE
EMPIRE.
IA^ANAMA; PI
FA.
iERB-CROAT-SLOVENE STAT
^ZECHO-SLOVAKIA and URUGUAY.
IQUMANLl
FRANCE. ITALY and
JAPA
These Powers being described in the present
Treaty as the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers.
BELGIUM. BOLIVIA. BRAZIL.
CUBA. ECUADOR. GREECE. GUA
HAITI. THE HEDJAZ, HOND
LAND,
i
These Powers constituting with the Princi-
pal Powers mentioned above the Allied and
Associated Powers,
And GERMANY. °f ^ One Part!
of the other part:
Bearing in mind that on the request of the
Imperial German Government an Armistice was
granted on November 11. 1918. to Germany by
the Principal Allied and Associated Powers in
order that a Treaty of Peace might be con-
cluded with her. and
The Allied and Associated Powers being equal-
ly desirous that the war in which they were
successively involved directly or indirectly and
which originated in the declaration of war
by Austria-Hungary on July 28. 1914. against
Serbia, the declaration of war by Germany
against Russia on August 1. 1914, and against
France on August 3. 1914. and in the invasion
of Belgium, should be replaced by a firm,
just and durable Peace.
For this purpose the HIGH CONTRACTING
PARTIES -represented as foUows:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
The Honourable Woodrow Wilson. President
of the United States, acting in his own
name aod by his own proper authority:
The Honourable Robert Lansing. Secretary
of State;
The Honourable Henry White, formerly Am-
bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of the United States at Rome and Paris;
The Honourable Edward M. House:
General Tasker H. Bliss. Military Representa-
tive of the United States on the Supreme
War Council:
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE UNITED
KINGDOM OF GR^AT BRITAIN AND IRE-
LAND AND OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS
BEYOND THE SEAS. EMPEROR OF INDIA.
by:
The Right Honourable David Lloyd George.
M. P.. First Lord of His Treasury and
Prime Minister:
The Right Honourable Andrew Bonar Law,
M. P.. His Lord Privy Seal:
The Right Honourable Viscount Milner. G.
C. B., G. C. M. G.. His Secretary of State
for the Colonies:
The Right Honourable Arthur Jameg Bal-
four. O. M.. M. P.. His Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs:
The Right Honourable George Nicoll Barnes.
M. P.. Minister without portfolio:
And
for the DOMINION OF CANADA, by:
The Honourable Charles Joseph Doherty,
Minister of Justice:
The Honourable Arthur Lewis Sifton. Min-
ister of Customs:
for the COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRA-
The' Right Honourable William Morris
Hughes. Attorney General and Prime
Minister;
The Right Honourable Sir Joseph Cook. G.
C. M. G.. Minister for the Navy;
for the UNION CF SOUTH AFRICA, bv
General the Right Honourable Louis Botha
MiSlr- °f Nattve Affair9 and ™»
Lieutenant-General the Right Honourable
Defence'-18113311 Smuts- K> c- Minister of
^TvP16!?0^1^101* OF ,NEW ZEALAND, by;
^.^k^r^LS^*^
for INDIA. 'by:
The Right Honourable Edwin Samuel Mon-
indYa- Secretary of State lor
Major-General His Highness Maharaja
IS^a-W^S*?: Mart 8'
v. o.. K. c. B. A "D c :
THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUB-
-L/J.U by :
Pichon<
of Foreign Af-
Mr. Louis-Lucien Klotz. Minister of Finance:
Mr. Andre Tardieu. Commissary General for
Franco-American Military Affairs;
Mr. Jules Cambon. Ambassador of France:
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY by
Baron S. Sonnino. Deputy;
Marquis G. Imperiali. Senator. Ambassador
of^His Majesty the King of Italy at Lon-
Mr. S. Crespi, Deputy;
HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN.
Marquis Saionzi. formerly President of the
Council of Ministers;
Baron Makino. formerly Minister for For-
eign Affairs. Member of the Diplomatic
Council ;
Viscount Chinda. Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor
of Japan at London:
Mr- A, M.atsui. .Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor
of Japan at Paris:
Mi\ H. Ijuin. Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor of
Japan at Rome:
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BEL-
GIANS, by:
Mr. .Paul Hymana. Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs. Minuter of State:
.Mr. Jules van de Heuvel. Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Minister
of State:
Mr. Emile Vandervelde. Minister of Justice
Minister of State:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
BOLIVIA, by:
Mr. I?mael Montes. Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary of Bolivia at Paris-
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
BRAZIL, by:
Mr Joao Pa-ndia Calogeras. Deputy, formerly
Minister of Finance;
Mr. Paul Fernandes. Deputy;
Mr. Rodrigo Octavio de L. Menezes. Pro-
fessor of International Law of Rio de
Janeiro:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHINESE RE-
JT UBLIC. Dy *
Mr. Lou Tseng-Tsiang. Minister for Foreign
Affairs:
Mr. Chengting Thomas Wang, formerly Min-
ister of Agriculture and Commerce;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CUBAN REPUB-
LIC. by :
Mr. Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante. Dean
of the Faculty of Law in the University of
Havana. President of the Cuban Society
of International Law:
OF THE EEPUBLIC OF
£50
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
MALA, by;
Mr. Enriaue Dorn y de Alsna, Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of
Ecuador at Paris;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEL-
Mr. Eleftherios K. yeniselos. President of
the Council of Ministers:
Mr. Nicolas Politis. Minister for Foreign Af-
lairs ;
'TGUATE
Mr. JoaQuin"Mendez, formerly Minister of
State for Public Works and Public In-
struction, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary of Guatemala at
Washington, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary on special mission
at Paris;
THE PRESDDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
Mr. Tertuliien Guilbaud. Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of
Haiti at Paris;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEDJA2L
Mr*. Rustem Haidar;
Mr. Abdul Hadi Aouni:
E PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
'. Policarpb Bonilla, on special mission to
Washington, formerly President of the Re-
public of Honduras, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary;
PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
^EKIA. by:
e Honourable Charles Dunbar Burgess
King, Secretary of State;
E PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
!r. Salvador' Cha'morro. President of the
Chamber of Deputies;
E PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
ANAHA. by:
!r. Antonio Burgos. Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary of Panama at
Madrid;
5SIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OP
THE
LIB
The
.
[r. Carlos G Candamo, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru at
Paris;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE POLISH REPUB-
T<IC. by :
Mr. Ignace J. Paderewski, President of the
Council of Ministers. Minister for Foreign
Affairs :
Mr. Roman Dmowski. President of the Pol-
ish National Committee;
THEpPRESrDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE
Dr. Affoneo Augusto da Costa, formerly
President of the Council of Ministers:
Dr. Augusto Luiz Vieira Scares, formerly
Minister for Foreign Affairs;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ROUMANIA,
fe:
Ir. Ion I. C. Bratiano. President of the
Council of Ministers. Minister for Foreign
Affairs:
General Constantin Coanda. Corps Comman-
der. A. D. C. to the King, formerly Presi-
dent of the Council of Ministers;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE SERBS.
THE CROATS AND THE SLOVENES, by :.
Mr. Nicholas P. Pachitch. formerly Presi-
dent of the Council of Ministers;
Mr. Ante Trumbic. Minister for Foreign Af-
fairs :
Mr. Milenko Vesnitch. Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary of H. M. the
King of the Serbs, the Croats and the
Slovenes at Pans:
KS MAJESTY THE KING OF SIAM. by:
His Highness Prince Charoon, Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of
H. M. the King of Siam at Paris;
His Serene Highness Prince Traidos Prab-
andhu. Under Secretary of State for For-
eign Affairs;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHO-SLOVAK
.REPUBLIC, by:
Mr. Karel Kramar, President of the Council
of Ministers;
Mr. Eduard Benes, Minister for Foreign Af-
fairs; '
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
URUGUAY, by;
Mr. Juan Antonio Buero. Minister for For-
eign Affairs, formerly Minister of Industry:
GERMANY, by:
Mr. Hermann Muller, Minister for Foreign
Affairs of the Empire;
Dr. Bell, Minister of the Empire;
Acting in the name of the German Empire
and of each and every component State.
WHO having: communicated their full pow-
ers found in good and due form have
AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
"From the coming into force of the present
Treaty the state of war will terminate. From
that moment and subject to the provisions of
this Treaty official relations with Germany,
and with any of the German States, will be
resumed by the Allied and Associated Powers.
PART I.
THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NA-
TIONS.
The High Contracting Parties.
. In order to promote international co-opera-
tion and to achieve international peace and se-
curity
by the acceptance of obligations not to
resort to war.
by the prescription of open, just and hon-
ourable relations between nations,
b.v the firm establishment of the under-
standings of international law as the
actual rule of conduct among Govern-
ments, and
by the maintenance of justice and a
scrupulous respect for all treaty obliga-
tions in the dealings of organised peoples
with one another.
Agree to this Covenant of the League of Na-
tions.
Article 1.
The original Members of the League oJt Na«
tions shall be those of the Signatories which
are named in the Annex to this Covenant and
also such of those other States named in the
Annex as shall accede without reservation
to this Covenant. Such accession shall b«
effected by a Declaration deposited with the
Secretariat within two months of the coming
into force of the Covenant. Notice thereof
shall be sent to all other Members of the
Any fully self-governing State. Dominion or
Colony not named in the Annex may become
a Member of the League if its admission is
agreed to by two-thirds of the Assembly, pro-
vided that it shall give effective guarantee*
of its sincere intention to observe its inter-
national obligations, and shall accept such
regulations as may be prescribed by the League
in regard to its military, naval and air forces
and armaments. ,
Any member of the League may. after two
years' notice of its intention so to do, with-
draw from the League, provided that all iti
international obligations and all its obligations
under this Covenant shall have been fulfilled
at the time of its withdrawal.
Article 2.
The action of the League under this Cove-
nant shall be effected through the instrumen-
tality of an Assembly and of a Council, •with
a permanent Secretariat.
Article S.
The Assembly shall consist of Representa-
tives of the Members of the League.
The Assembly shall meet at stated intervals
and from time to time as occasion may re-
quire at the Seat of the League or at tuck
other place as may be decided upon.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
551
The Assembly may deal at its meetings with
any matter within the sphere of action of the
League or affecting the peace of the world.
At meetings of the Assembly each Member
of the League shall have one vote, and may
have not more than three Representatives.
Article, 4.
The Council shall consist of Representatives
of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers,
together with representatives of four other
Members of the League. These four members
of the League shall be selected by the Assem-
bly from time to time in its discretion. Until
the appointment of the Representatives of the
four Members of the League first selected by
the Assembly, Representatives of Belgium,
Brazil, Spain and Greece shall be members of
the Council.
With the approval of the majority of the
Assembly, the Council may name additional
Members of the League whose Representatives
shall always be members of the Council: the
Council with like approval may increase the
number of Members of the League to be se-
lected by the Assembly for representation on
the Council.
The Council shall meet from time to time
as occasion may require, and at least once a
year, at the Seat of the League, or at such
other place as may be decided upon.
The Council may deal at its meetings with
any matter within the sphere of action of the
League or affecting the peace of the world.
Any Member of the League not represented
on the Council shall be invited to send a Rep-
resentative to sit as a member at any meeting
of the Council dunng the consideration of mat-
ters specially affecting the interests of that
Member of the League.
At meetings of the Council, each Member
of the League represented on the Council shall
have one vote, and may have not more than
one representative.
Article 5.
Except where otherwise expressly provided
in this Covenant or by the terms of the pres-
ent Treaty, decisions at any meeting of the
Assembly or of the Council shall require the
agreement of all the Members of the League
represented at the meeting.
All matters of procedure at meetings of the
Assembly or of the Council, including the ap-
pointment of Committees to investigate par-
ticular matters, shall be regulated by the As-
sembly or by the Council and may be decided
Dy a majority of the Members of the League
represented at the meeting.
The first meeting of the Assembly and the
first meeting of the Council shall be sum-
moned by the President of the United States
of America.
Article 6.
The permanent Secretariat shall be estab-
lished at the Seat of the League. The Secre-
tariat shall comprise a Secretary General and
such secretaries and staff as may be required.
The first Secretary General shall be the per-
son named in the Annex: thereafter the Secre-
tary General shall be appointed by the Council
with the approval of the majority of the As-
sembly.
The secretaries and staff of the Secretariat
shall be appointed by the Secretary General
with the approval of the Council.
The Secretary General shall act in that ca-
pacity at all meetings of the Assembly and
of the Council.
The expenses of the Secretariat shall be
borne by the Members of the League in ac-
cordance with the apportionment of the ex-
penses of the International Bureau of the
Universal Postal Union.
Article 7.
The Seat of the League is established at
Geneva.
The Council may at any time decide that the
Seat of the League shall be established else-
All positions under or in connection with the
League, including the Secretariat, shall be open
equally to men and womeu.
Representatives of the Members of the League
and officials of the League when engaged on
the business of the League shall enjoy diplo-
matic privileges and immunities.
The buildings and other property occupied
by the League or its officials or by Represent-
atives attending its meetings shall be invio-
lable.
Article 8.
The Members of the League recognise that
the maintenance of peace requires the reduc-
tion of national armaments to the lowest point
consistent with national safety and the en-
forcement by common action of international
obligations.
The Council, taking account of the geo-
graphical situation and circumstances of each
State, shall formulate plans for such reduction
for the consideration and action of the several
Governments.
Such plans shall be subject to reconsidera-
tion and revision at least every ten years.
After these plans shall have been adopted
by the several Governments, the limits of
armaments therein fixed shall not be exceeded
without the concurrence of the Council.
The Members of the League agree that the
manufacture by private enterpiise of muni-
tions and implements of war is open to grave
objections. The Council shall advise how the
evil effects attendant upon such manufacture
can be prevented, due regard being had to the
necessities of those Members of the League
which are not able to manufacture the muni-
tions and implements of war necessary for
their safety.
The . Members of the League undertake to
interchange full and frank information as to
the scale of their armaments, their military.
naval and air programmes and the condition
of such of their industries as are adaptable
to war-like purposes.
Article 9.
A permanent Commission shall be constituted
to advise the Council on the execution of the
provisions of Articles 1 and 8 and on mili-
tary. naval and air questions generally.
Article 10.
The Members of the League undertake to
respect and preserve as against external ag-
gression the territorial integrity and existing
political independence of all Members of the
League. In case of any such aggression or
in case of any threat or daoger of such ag-
gression the Council shall advise upon th»
means by which this obligation shall be ful-
Any war or threat of war. whether imme-
diately affecting any of the Members of the
League or not. is hereby declared a matter of
concern to the whole League, and the League
shall take any action that may be deemed
wise and effectual to safeguard the peace of
nations. In case any such emergency should
arise the Secretary General shall on the re-
quest of any Member of the League forthwith
summon a meeting of the Council.
It is also declared to be the friendly right
of each Member of the league to bring to the
attention of the Assembly or of the Council
any circumstance whatever affecting interna-
tional relations which threaten to disturb
international peace or th« good understanding
between nations upon which peace depends.
Article 12.
The Members of the League agree that if
there should arise between them any dispute
likely to lead to a rupture, they will submit
the matter either to arbitration or to inquiry
by the Council, and they agree in no case to
resort to war until three months after the
award by the arbitrators or the report by tn»
C°InnCa1ny case under this Article the award of
the arbitrators shall be made within a reason-
652
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
able time, and the report of the Council shall
be made within six months alter the submis-
sion of the dispute.
Article IS.
The Members of the League agree that when-
ever any dispute shall arise between them
which tney recognise to be suitable tor sub-
mission to arbitration and winch cannot be
satisfactorily settled by diplomacy, they will
BUumit the whole subject-matter to arbitra-
tion.
Disputes as to the interpretation of a treaty.
as to any question of international law. as to
tiie existence 01 any fact wnich 11 established
would constitute a breach of any international
obligation, pr as to the extent and nature of
the reparation to be made lor any such breach,
are declared to be among: those whicn are gen-
erally suitable for submission to arbitration.
For the consideration of any such dispute
the court of arbitration to which the case is
referred shall be the Court agreed on by the
parties to the dispute op stipulated in any
convention existing between them.
The Members of the League agree that they
will carry out in full good faith any award
that may be rendered, and that they will not
resort to war against a Member of the League
which complies therewith. In the event of any
failure to carry out such an award, the Coun-
cil shall propose what steps should be taken
to give effect thereto.
Article 14.
The Coiincil shall formulate and submit to
the Members of the League for adoption plans
for the establishment of a Permanent Court
of International Justice. The Court shall be
competent to hear and determine any dispute
of an international character which the par-
ties thereto submit to it. The Court may also
Sive an advisory opinion upon any dispute or
question referred to it by the Council or by
the Assembly.
Article 15.
If there should arise between Members of the
League any dispute likely to lead to a rup-
ture, which is not submitted to arbitration in
accordance with Article 13. the Members of
the League agree that they will submit the
matter to the Council. Any party to the dis-
pute may effect such submission by giving no-
tice of the existence of the dispute to the
Secretary General, who will make all neces-
sary arrangements for a full investigation and
consideration thereof.
For this purpose the parties to the dispute
will communicate to the Secretary General, as
promptly as possible, statements of their case
with all *he relevant facts and papers, and
the Council may forthwith direct the publica-
The Council shall endeavour to effect a set-
tlement of th» dispute, and if such efforts are
•uccessful. a statement shall be made public
giving1 such facts and explanations regarding
tne dispute and the terms of settlement there-
of as the Council may deem appropriate.
If the dispute is not thus settled* the Council
either unanimously or by a majority vote shall
make and publish a report containing a state-
ment of the facts of the dispute and the recom-
mendn.ions which are deemed just and proper
in regard thereto.
Any Member of the League represented on
the Council may make public a statement of
the facts of the dispute and of ita conclusions
regarding the same.
If a report by the Council is unanimously
agreed to by the members thereof other than
the Representatives of one or more of the par-
tie* to Ihe dispute, the Members of the League
agree that they will not go to war with any
party to the dispute which complies with the
recommendations of the report.
If the Council fails to reach a report which
is unanimously agreed to by the members
thereof, other than the Representatives of
one or more of the parties to the dispute, the
Members of the League reserve to themselves
the right to take such action as they shall
consider necessary for the maintenance of right
and justice.
If the dispute between the parties is claimed
by one of them, and is found by the Council,
to arise out of a matter which by interna-
tional law is solely within the domestic juris-
diction of that party, the Council shall so re-
port, and shall make no recommendation as to
its settlement.
The Council may in any case under this Ar-
ticle refer the dispute to the Assembly. The
aitipute snail be so referred at the request of
eitner party to the dispute, provided that such
request be made within fourteen days after the
submission of the dispute to the Council.
In any case referred to the Assembly, all the
provisions of this Article and of Article 12
relating to the action and powers of the Coun-
cil shall apply to the action and powers of the
Assembly, provided that a report made by the
Assembly, if concurred in by the Representa-
tives of those Members of the League repre-
sented on the Council and of a majority of
the other Members of the League, exclusive in
each case of the Representatives of the par-
ties to the dispute, shall have the same force
as a report by the Council concurred in by all
the members thereof other than the Repre-
sentatives of one or more of the parties to
the dispute.
Article 16.
Should any Member of the League resort to
war in disregard of its covenants under Ar-
ticles 12. 13 or 15. it shall ipso facto be
deemed to have committed an act of war
against all other Members of the League,
which hereby undertake immediately to sub-
ject it to the severance of all trade or financial
relations the prohibition of all intercourse be-
tween their nt tionals and the nationals of the
covenant-breaking State, and the preventipn of
all financial, commercial or personal inter-
course between the nationals of the covenant-
breaking State and the nationals of any other
State, whether a Member of the League or
It* shall be the duty of the Council in such
rase to recommend to the several Govern-
ments concerned what effective military, naval
or air force the Members of the League shall
severally contribute to the armed forces to
be used to protect the convenants of the
The Members of the League agree, further,
that they will mutually support one another
in the financial and economic measures which
are taken under this Article, in order to
minimise the loss and inconvenience resulting
from the above measures, and that they will
mutually support one another in resisting any
special measures aimed at one of their num-
ber by the covenant-breaking State, and that
they will take the necessary steps to af-
ford passage through their territory to the
forces of any of the members of the League
which are co-operating to protect the cov-
enants of the League.
Any Member of the League which has vio-
lated any covenant of the League may be de-
clared to be no longer a Member of the
League by a vote of the Council concurred
in by the Representatives of all the other
Members of the League represented thereon.
Article 17.
In the event of a dispute between a Mem-
ber of the League and a State which is not
a Member of the League, or between States
not Members of the League, the State or
States not Members of the League shall be
invited to accept the obligations of mem-
bership in the League for the purposes of
such dispute, upon such conditions as the
Council may deem just. If such invitation
is accepted, the provisions of Articles 12
to 16 inclusive shall be applied with such
modifications as may be deemed necessary by
the Council.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
553
Upon such invitation being- given the Coun-
cil shall immediately institute an inquiry into
the circumstances of the dispute and recom-
mend such action as may seem best and
most effectual in the circumstances.
If a State so invited shall refuse to ac-
cept the obligations of membership in the
League for the purposes oi such dispute, and
shall resort to war against a Member of the
.League, the provisions of Article 16 shall
be applicable as against the State taking
If
both parties to the dispute when so in-
vited refuse to accept the obligations of
membership in the League for the purposes
of such dispute, the Council may take such
measures and make such recommendations as
will prevent hostilities and will result in the
settlement of the dispute.
Article 18.
Every treaty or international engagement
entered into hereafter by any member of the
League shall be forthwith registered with the
Secretariat and shall as soon as possible be
published by it. No such treaty or interna-
tional engagement shall be binding until eo
registered.
Article 19.
The Assembly may from time to time ad-
vise the reconsideration by Members of the
League of treaties which have become in-
applicable and the consideration of interna-
tional conditions whose continuance might
endanger the peace of the world.
Article 20.
The Members of the League severally agree
that this Covenant is accepted as abrogating
all obligations or understandings inter se
which are inconsistent with the terms thereof.
and solemnly undertake that they will not
hereafter enter into any engagements incon-
sistent with the terms thereof.
In case any Member of the League shall.
before becoming a Member of the League.
have undertaken any obligations inconsistent
with the terms of this Covenant, it shall be
the duty of such Member to take immediate
steps to procure its release from such obli-
gations.
Article 91.
Nothing1 in this Covenant shall be deemed
to affect the validity of international engage-
ments. such as treaties of arbitration or re-
gional understandings like the Monroe doctrine.
for securing- the maintenance of peace.
Article 22.
To those colonies and territories which as
a consequence of the late war have ceased to
be under the sovereignty of the States which
formerly governed them and which are inhab-
ited by peoples not yet able to stand by them-
selves under the strenuous conditions of the
modern world, there should be applied the
principle that the well-being and development
of such peoples form a sacrpd tTist of civ-
ilisation and that securities for the perform-
ance of this trust should be embodied in this
Covenant.
The best method of giving1 "practical effect
to this principle is that the tutelage of such
peoples should be entrusted to advanced na-
tions who by reason of their resources, their
experience or their geographical position can
best undertake this responsibility, and who
are willing to accept it. and that this tutelage
should be exercised by them as Mandatories
on behalf of the League.
The character of the mandate must differ
according to the stage of the development of
the people, the geographical situation of the
territory, its economic conditions and other
similar circumstances.
Certain communities formerly belonging to
the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of
development where their existence as inde-
pendent nations can be provisionally recog-
nised subject to the rendering of administra-
tive advice and assistance by a Mandatory r
til such time as they are able to stand alone.
The wishes of these communities must be a
S-mcipal consideration in the selection of the
andatory.
Other peoples, especially those of Central
Africa, are at such a stage that the Man-
datory must be responsible for the adminis-
tration of the territory under conditions which,
will guarantee freedom of conscience and re-
ligion, subject only to the maintenance of pub-
lic order and morals, the prohibition of abuses
such as the slave trade, the arms traffic and
the liquor traffic, and the prevention of the
establishment of fortifications or military and
naval bases and of military training of the
natives for other than police purposes and the
defence of territory, and will also secure equal
opportunities for the trade and commerce of
other Members of the League.
There are territories, such as South -West
Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands,
which, owing to the sparse-ness of their popu-
lation or their small size, or their remote-
ness from the centres of civilisation, or their
geographical contiguity to the territory of the
Mandatory, and other circumstances, can be
best administered under the laws of the Man-
datory as integral portions of its territory,
subject to the safeguards above mentioned in
the interests of the indigenous population.
In every case of mandate the Mandatory
shall render to the Council an annual report
in reference to the territory committed to its
The degree of authority, control, or adminis-
tration to be exercised by the Mandatory
shall, if not previously agreed upon by the
Members of the League, be explicitly defined
in each case by the Council.
A permanent Commission shall be consti-
ti:ted to receive and examine the annual re-
ports of the Mandatories and to advise the
Council on all matters relating- to the observ-
ance of the mandates.
Article 23.
Subject to and in accordance with the pro-
visions of international conventions existing- or
hereafter to be agreed upon, the Members of
the League:
(a) will endeavor to secure and maintain
fair and humane conditions of labour for men.
women, and children, both in their own coun-
tries and in all countries to which their com-
mercial and industrial relations extend, and
for that purpose will establish and maintain
the necessary international organisations:
(b) undertake to secure just treatment of
the native inhabitants of territories under
their control:
(c) will entrust the League with the gen-
eral supervision over the execution of agree-
ments with regard to the traffic in women and
children, and the traffic in opium and other
dangerous drugs :
(d) will entrust the League with the gen-
eral supervision of the trade in arms and
ammunition with the countries in which the
control of this traffic is necessary in the com-
mon interest:
(e) will make provision to secure and main-
tain freedom of communications and of transit
and equitable treatment for the commerce of
all Members of the League. In this con-
nection, the special necessities of the regions
devastated during the war of 1914-1918 shall
be borne in mind:
(f) will endeavour to take steps in matters
of international concern for the prevention and
control of disease.
Article 24.
There shall be placed under the direction
of the League all international bureaux al-
ready established by ereneral treaties if th»
pnrties to such treaties consent. All such
international bureaux and all commissions for
the regulation of matters of international In-
terest hereafter constituted shall be placed un-
Cer the direction of the League.
554
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
In all matters of international interest which
are regulated by general conventions but
which are not placed under the control of in-
ternational bureaux or commissions, the Secre-
tariat of the League shall, subject to the
consent of the Council and if desired by the
parties, collect and distribute all relevant .in-
formation and shall render any other assist-
ance which may be necessary or desirable.
The Council may include as part of the ex-
penses of the Secretariat the expenses of any
bureau or commission which 19 placed under
the direction of the League.
Article 25.
The Members of ths League agree to encour-
age and promote the establishment and co-
operation of duly authorised voluntary na-
tional Red Cross organizations having as pur-
poses the improvement of health, the preven-
tion of disease and the mitigation of sufienng1
throughout the world.
Article 26.
Amendments to this Covenant will take effect
when ratified by the Members of the League
whose Representatives compose the Council
Ind by a majority of the Members of the
League whose Representatives compose the As-
§6No ^iach amendment shall bind any Member
of the League which signifies its dissent there-
from, but in that case it shall cease to be
a Member of the League.
ANNEX.
7. Original Members of the League of Na-
tions Signatories of the Treaty of Peace.
United States of Amcr- Haiti.
ica Hcdjaz.
Belgium. Honduras.
Bolivia. Italy.
Brazil. Japan.
British Empire. Liberia.
Canada. Nicaragua.
Australia. Panama.
South Africa. Peru.
New Zealand. Poland.
India. Portugrl.
China. Roumania.
Cuba Serb-Croat-Slovene
Ecuador. State.
Siam.
Czecho-Slovakia.
Guatemala. Uruguay.
States Invited to Accede to the Covenant.
Argentine Republic. Persia.
Chili. Salvador.
Colombia. Spain.
Denmark. Sweden.
Netherlands. Switzerland.
Norway. Venezuela.
Paraguay.
77. First Secretary General of the League of
Nations.
The Honorable Sir James Eric Drummond,
K. C. M. G., C. B.
PART H.
BOUNDARIES OF GERMANY.
Article 27.
The boundaries of Germany will be deter-
mined as follows"
7. With Belgium.
From the point common to the three fron-
tiers of Belgium, Holland and Germany and
in a southerly direction:
the north-eastern boundary of the former
territory of neutral Moresnet. then the eastern
boundary of the Kreis of Eupen, then the
frontier betwf»en Belgium and the Kreis of
Montjoie. then the north-eastern and eastern
boundary of the Kreis of Malmedy to ita junc-
tion with the frontier of Luxemburg.
t . With Luxemburg:
The frontier of August 3. 1914, to its junc-
tion with the frontier of France of the 18th
July. 1870.
S With France:
The frontier of July 18. 1870. from Luxem-
burg to Switzerland with the reservations
nado in Article 48 of Section IV (Saar
Basin) of Part HI.
If. With Switzerland:
The present frontier.
5. With Austria:
The frontier of August 3, 1914, from
Switzerland to Czecho-Slovakia as hereinafter
denned. ,
6. With Czecho-Slovakia:
The frontier of August 3, 1914, between
Germany and Austria irom its junction with
the old administrative boundary separating
Bohemia and the province of Upper Austria
to the point north of the salient of the old
province of Austrian Silesia situated at about
8 kilometres east of Neustadt.
7. With Poland:
From the point defined above to a point to
be fixed on the ground about 2 kilometres
east of Lorzendorf :
the frontier as it will be fixed in accordance
with Article 88 of the present Treaty;
thence in a northerly direction to the point
where the administrative boundary of Pos-
nania crosses the river Bartsch:
a line to be fixed on the ground leaving the
following places in Poland: Skonschau.
Reichthal. Trembatschau. Kunzendorf, Schieise
Gross Kosel. Schreibersdorf. Rippin, Furstlich-
Niefken. Pawelau. Tscheschen. Konradau, Jo-
hanmsdorf, Modzenowe. Bogdaj. and in Ger-
many: Lorzendorf. Kaulwitz. Glausche. Dal-
bersdorf. Reesewitz, Stradam, Gross Warten-
berg. Kraschen. Neu Mittelwalde. Domasla-
witz. Wedelsdorf. Tscheschen Hammer;
thence the administrative boundary of Pos-
nania north-westwards to the point where it
cuts the Rawitsch-Herrnstadt railway;
thence to the point where the administrative
boundary of Posnania cuts the Reisen-Tschir-
nau road:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
west of Tnebusch and Gabel and east of
Saborwitz;
thence the administrative boundary of Pos-
nania to its junction with the eastern admin-
istrative boundary of the Kreis of Fraustadt-
thence in a north-westerly direction to a
point to be chosen on the road between the
villages of Unruhstadt and Kopnitz:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
west of Geyersdorf, Brenno. Fehlen, Altklos-
ter. Klebel. and east of Ulbersdorf. Buchwald.
Ilgen. Weine, Lupitz. Schwenten;
thence in a northerly direction to the north-
ernmost point of Lake Chlop:
a line to be fixed on the ground following
the median line of the lakes: the town and
the station of Bentschen. however (including
the junction of the lines Schwiebus-Bentschen
and Zullichau-«Bentschen) , remaining in Pol-
ish territ9ry;
thence in a north-easterly direction to the
point of junction of the boundaries of the
Kreise of Schwerin. Birnbaum and Meseritz:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
east of Betsche:
thence in a northerly direction the bound-
ary separating the Kreise of Schwerin and
Birnbaum, then in an easterly direction the
northern boundary of Posnania to the point
where it cuts the river Netze;
thence upstream to its confluence with the
Kuddow :
the course of the Netze:
thence upstream to a point to be chosen
about 6 kilometres southeast of Schneide-
muhl:
the course of the Kuddow :
thence north-eastwards to the most south-
ern point of re-entrant of the northern
boundary of Posnania about 5 kilometres
west of Stahren:
a line to be fixed on the ground leaving the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
555
Schneidemuhl-Konitz railway in this area en-
tirely in German territory;
thence the boundary of Posnania north-
eastwards to the point of the salient it makes
about 15 kilometres east of Flatow:
thence north-eastwards to the point where
the river Kamionka meets the southern bound-
ary of the Kreis of Konitz about 3 kilometres
northeast of Grunau:
a line to be fixed on the ground leaving- the
following- places to Poland: Jasdrowo. Gr.
Lutau, Kl. Lutau. Witkau, and to Germany;
Gr. Butzig. Cziskowo, Battrow. Bock Grunau;
thence in a northerly direction the bound-
ary between the Kreise of Konitz and Schlo-
chau 10 the point where this boundary cuts the
river Brahe;
thence _to a point on the boundary of Pom-
crania lo kilometres east of Rummelsburg:
a line to be fixed on the ground leaving the
following- places in Poland: Konarzin, Kelpin.
Adi. Briesen. and in Germany; Sampohl. Neu-
. Steinfort. Gr. Peterkau;
then the boundary of Pomerania in an east-
erly direction to its junction with the boundary
between the Kreise of Konitz and Schlochau;
thence northwards the boundary between
Pomerania and West Prussia to the point on
the river Rheda about 3 kilometres north-west
of Gohra where that river is joined by a
tributary from the north-west:
thence to a point to be selected in the bend
of the Piasnitz river about 1% kilometres
north-west of Warschkau:
a line to be fixed on the ground:
thence this river downstream, then the
median line of Lake Zarnowitz, then the old
boundary of West Prussia to the 'Baltic Sea.
8. With Denmark:
The frontier as it will be flxed in accord-
ance with Articles 109 to 111 of Part III.
Section XIJ (Schleswig) .
Article 28.
The boundaries of East Prussia, with the
reservations made in Section IX (East Prus-
sia) of Part III. will be determined as fol-
lows:
from a point on the coast of the Baltic Sea
about 1H kilometres north of Probbernau
church in a direction of about 159 degrees
East from true North:
a line to be fixed on the ground for about
2 kilometres:
thence in a straight line to the light at the
bend of the Elbing Channel in approximately
latitude 54 degrees 19% minutes North, longi-
tude 19 degrees 26 minutes East of Green-
wich:
thence to the easternmost mouth of the
Nogat River at a bearing of approximately
209 degrees East from true North;
thence up the course of the Nogat River to
the point where the latter leaves the Vistula
(Weichsel) :
thence up the principal channel of naviga-
tion of the Vistula, then the southern boundary
of the Kreis of Marienwerder. then that of
the Kreis of Rosenberg eastwards to the point
where it meets the old boundary of East
Prussia.
thence the old boundary between East and
West Prussia, then the boundary between the
Kreise of Osterode and Neidenburg-. then the
course of the river Skottau downstream, then
the course of the Neide upstream to a point
situated about 5 kilometres west of Bialutten.
being the nearest point to the old frontier of
Russia :
thence in an easterly direction to a point
immediately south of the intersection of the
road Nridenburg-Mlava with the old frontier
of Russia:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
north of Bialutten ;
thence the old frontier of Russia to a point
east of Schmalleningken, then the principal
channel of navigation of the Niemen (Memel)
downstream, then the Skierwieth arm of the
delta to the Kurisches Haff:
thence a straight line to the point where
the eastern shore of the Kurische Nehrung
meets the administrative boundary about 4
kilometres southwest of Nidden.
thence this administrative boundary to the
western shore of the Kurische Nehrunff.
Article 2"9.
The boundaries as described above are drawn
in red on a one-in-a-million map which is an-
nexed to the present Treaty (Man No. 1).
In the case of any discrepancies between the
text of the Treaty and. this map or any other
map which may be annexed the text will be
final.
Article SO.
In the case of boundaries which are defined
by a waterway the terms "course" and "chan-
nel" used in the present Treaty signify; in
the case of non-navigable rivers the median
line of the waterway or of its principal arm,
pnd.in the case of navigable rivers, the median
line of the principal channel of navigation.
It will rest with the Boundary Commissions
provided by the present Treaty to specify in
each case whether the frontier line shall fol-
low any changes of the course or channel
which may take place or whether it shall be
definitely flxed by the position of the course
or channel at the time when the present
Treaty comes into force.
PART m.
POLITICAL CLAUSES FOB EUROPE.
Section /.
BELGIUM.
Article SI.
Germany, recognising that the Treaties of
April 19. 1839. which established the status
of Belgium before the war, no longer conform
to the requirements of the situation, consents
to the abrogation of the said Treaties and
undertakes immediately to recognise and to
observe whatever conventions may be entered
into by the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers, or by any of them, in concert with
the Governments of Belgium and of the Neth-
erlands, to replace the said Treaties of 1839.
If her formal adhesion should be required to
such conventions or to any of their stipula-
tions. Germany undertakes immediately to
give it.
Article S2.
Germany recognises the full sovereignty of
Belgium over the whole of the contested ter-
ritory of Moresnet (called Moresnet neutre).
Article S3.
Germany renounces in favour of Belgium all
rights and title over the territory of Prussian
Moresnet situated on the west of the road
from Liege to Aix-la-Chapelle: the road will
belong to Belgium where it bounds this terri-
^ Article U.
Germany renounces in favour of Belgium aU
rights and title over the territory comprising
the whole of the Kreise of Eupen and of Mal-
mr-dy.
During the six months after the coming:
into force of this Treaty registers will be
opened by the Belgian authority at Eupen and
Malmedy in which the inhabitants of the
sbpve territory will be entitled to record in
writing a desire to see the whole or part of
it remain under German sovereignty.
The results of this public expression of opin-
ion will be communicated by the Belgian gov-
ernment to the League of Nations, and Bel-
gium undertakes to accept the decision of the
League.
Article S5.
A Commission of seven persons, five ol
whom will be appointed by the Principal
Allied and Associated. Powers, one by Germany
656
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
and one by Belgium, will be set up fifteen
days alter the coming into force of the
present Treaty to settle on the spot the new
frontier line between Belgium and Germany.
taking into account the economic factors
and the means of communication.
Decisions will be taken by a majority and
will be binding on the parties concerned.
Article S6.
When the transfer of the sovereignty over
the territories referred to above has become
definite German nationals habitually resi-
dent in 'the territories will definitively acquire
Belgian nationality ipsp facto, and will lose
^SSSSS. ^mtn^nationals who be-
came resident in the territories, after August
1? 1914. shall not obtain Belgian nationality
without a permit from the Belgian govern-
ment.
Article 37.
Within the two years following the definUive
transfer of the sovereignty over the terri-
tSfes assigned to Belgium under the present
ssgne o
Treaty. German nationals over 18 years of
h
. erman naon
abitually resident in those territories
entitled to opt for German nationality.
^v^xercfsld the above right
The will
entitled to retain their
SponYhem in connection with the removal of
such property.
Article 38.
The German Government will hand over
wUhout delay to the Belgian Government the
Trchives. registers. Plans, title deeds and docu-
man Government will likewise re-
to the Belgian Government the
Brussels.
Article S9. .
The proportion and nature of the . financial
liabilities of Germany and of Prussia which
Belgium will have to bear on account of the
territories ceded to her shall be fixed in con-
formity with Articles 254 and 256 of Part
EX. (Financial Clauses) of the present .treaty,
Section II.
LUXEMBURG.
Article 40.
With regard to the Grand Duchy of Luxem-
Germany renounces the benefit of all
man recognizes that the Grand Duchy
of Luxemburg ceased to form part of the
German Zollverein as from January 1. 1919.
renounces all rights to the exploitation of
the railways, adheres to the termination i ol
the regime of neutrality of the Grand Duchy.
and accepts in advance all international ar-
rangements which may be concluded by the
Allied and Associated Powers relating- to the
Grand Duchy.
Article 41.
Germany undertakes to grant to the Grand
Duchy of Luxemburg, when a demand to that
effect is made to her by the Principal Allied
and Associated Powers, the rights and ad-
vantages stipulated in favour of such Powers
or their nationals in the present Treaty with
regard to economic questions, to questions
relative to transport and to aerial naviga-
tion.
Section III.
LEFT BANK OF THE RB3NE.
Article 42.
Germany is forbidden to maintain or con-
struct any fortifications either on the left
bank of the Rhine or on the right bank to
the west of a line drawn 60 kilometres to
the East of the Rhine.
Article 4S.
In the area defined above the maintenance
and the assembly of armed forces, either
permanently or temporarily, and military ma-
noauvres of any kind, as well as the upkeep
of all permanent works for mobilization, are
in the same way forbidden.
Article 44.
In case Germany violates in any manner
whatever the provisions of Articles 42 and
43. she shall be regarded as committing a
hostile act against the Powers signatory of
the present Treaty and as calculated to dis-
turb the peace of the world.
Section IV.
SAAR BASIN.
Article 45.
As compensation for the destruction of the
coal-mines in the north of France and as part
payment towards the total reparation due
from Germany for the damages resulting from
the war, Germany cedes to France in full and
absoluU possession, with exclusive rights of
exploitation, unencumbered and free from all
debts and charges of any kind, the coal-mines
situated in the Saar Basin as defined in Arti-
cle 48.
Article 46.
In order to assure the rights and welfare
of the population and to guarantee to Franc*
complete freedom in working the mines. Ger-
many agrees to the provisions of Chapters I
and II of the Annex hereto.
Article 47.
In order to make in due time permanent
provision for the government of the Saai-
Basin in accordance with the wishes of the
populations, France and Germany agree t«
the provisions of Chapter III of the Annex
Article 48.
The boundaries of the territory of the Saar
Basin, as dealt with in the present stipulations.
will be fixed as follows:
On the south and south-west: by the fron-
tier of France as fixed by the present Treaty.
On the north-west and north; by a line fol-
lowing the northern administrative boundary
of the Kreis of Merzig from the point where
it leaves the French frontier to the point
where it meets the administrative boundary
separating the commune of Saarho^bach from
the commune of Britten: lollowir this com-
munal boundary southwards and inching the
administrative boundary of the canton ol
Merzig so as to include in the territory - oi
the Saar Basin the canton of Mettlach with
the exception of the commune of Britten fol-
lowing successively the northern administra-
tive boundaries of the cantons of Merzig ana
Ranptadt which are incorporated in the
aforesaid Saar Basin, then successively the
administrative boundaries
ar
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
657
of the plateau which is traversed by the
from M:mbach to Boekweiler ( so as to
and the Principality of Birkenfeld as far a_
a point situated about 500 metres north of the
village of Furschweiler (viz., the highes
point of the Metzelberg) .
On the north-east and east: from the las
point denned above to a point about 3tt kilo
metres east-north-east of Saint-Wendel :
a line to be fixed on the ground passing1
east of Furschweiler. west of Roschberg, easi
of points 418. 329 (south of Roschberg)
west of Leitersweiler, north-east of point 464
and iollowing tne line of the crest south-
wards to its junction with the administrative
boundary of the Kreis of Kusel:
thence in a southerly direction the boundary
of the Kreis of Kusel. then the boundary of
the Kreis of Homburg towards the soutli-soutn
east to a point situated about 1000 metres
west of Dunzweiler:
thence to a point about 1 kilometre south
of Hornbach:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through point 424 (abo-it 1000 meters south-
east of Dunzweiier), point 3t>3 (Fuchs-lieig),
point 322 (south-west of Waldmohr), then
east of Jagersburg and Erbach. then
encircling- Homburg, passing through the
points 361 (about 2% kilometres north-east
by east of that town). 342 (about 2 kilome-
tres south-east of that town), 347 (Schrein
era-Berg) ; 356. 350 (about 1% kilometres
eouth-east of Schwarzenbach) . th
east of Emod. south-east of points 322 and
333. about 2 kilometres east of Webenheim.
about 2 kilometres east of Mimbach, passing
east
road ._ ._- __ -
include this rp-id in the territory of the Saar
Baain). passing immediately north of the
junction of the roada from Bockweiler and
Altheim situated about 2 kilometres north of
Altheim. then passing- south of Ring-weilerhof
and north of point 322. rejoining the frontier
of France at the angle which it makes about
1 kilometre south of Hornbach (see Map No.
iJ scale 1(100,000 annexed to the present
treaty).
A Commission composed of five members,
one appointed by France, one by Germany,
and three by the Council of the League of Na-
tions, which will select nationals of other
Powers, will be constituted within fifteen days
from ihe coming1 into force of the present
Treaty, to trace on the spot the frontier line
described above. ,
In those parts of the preceding1 line which
do not coincide with administrative boundaries,
the Commission will endeavour to keep the
line indicated, while taking- into consideration,
so far as is possible, local economic interests
and existing1 communal boundaries.
The decisions of this Commission will be
taken by a majority and will be binding on the
parties concerned.
Article 49.
Germany renounces in favour of the Leagnie
of Nations, in the capacity of trustees, the
grovernment of the territory defined above.
At the end of fifteen years from the com-
ing into force of the present Treaty the in-
habitants of the said territory shall be called
upon to indicate thf> sovereignty under which
they desire to be placed.
Article 50.
The stipulations under which the cession of
the mines in the Saar Basin shall be carried
out. tog-ether with the measures intended to
guarantee the rights and the well-being ol the
inhabitants and the government of the terri-
tory, as well as the conditions in accordance
with which the plebiscite hereinbefore provided
for is to be made, are laid down in the Annex
hereto. This Annex shall be considered as an
integral part of the present Treaty, and Ger-
many declares her adherence to it.
ANNEX.
In accordance with the provisions of Articles
45 to 50 of the present Treaty, the stipula-
tions under which the cession by Germany to
France of the mines of the Saar Basin will
be effected, as well as the measures intended
to ensure respect for the rights and well-
being- of the population and the government
of the territory, and the conditions in which
the inhabitants will be called upo. to indicate
the sovereignty under which they may wish to
be placed, have been laid down as follows:
Chapter 1.
CESSION AND EXPLOITATION OF MINING
PROPERTY.
1.
From the date of the coming- into force of
the present Treaty, all the deposits of coal
situated within the Saar Basin as defined
in Article 48 of the said Treaty, become the
complete and absolute property of the French
State.
The French State will have the right of
working or not working1 the said mines, or
of transferring to a third party the right of
working1 them, without having to obtain any
previous authorization or to fulfil any formal-
ities.
The French State may always require that
the German mining laws and regulations re-
ferred to below shall be applied in order to
ensure the determination of its rights.
2.
The right of ownership of the French State
will apply not only to the deposits which
are free and for which concessions have not
yet been granted, but also to the deposits
lor which concessions have already been
granted, whoever may be the present proprie-
tors, irrespective of whether they belong to
the Prussian State, to the Bavarian State, to
other States or bodies, to companies or to in-
dividuals, whether they have been worked or
not, or whether a right of exploitation distinct
from the right of the owners of the surface
of the soil has or has not been recognized.
3.
As far as concerns the mines which are be-
ing- worked, the transfer of the ownership to
tne French State will apply to all the acces-
sories and subsiuiariea of the said mines, in
particular to their plant and equipment both
on and below the surface, to their extracting
machinery, their plants for transforming coal
into electric power, coke and by-products,
their workshops, means of communication,
electric lines, plant for catching- and dis-
tributing water, land, buildings such as offices,
managers', employees' and workmen's dwell-
ings, schools, hospitals and dispensaries, their
stocks and supplies of every description, their
archives and plans, and in general everything
which those who own or exploit the mines
possess or enjoy for the purpose of ex-
ploiting the mines and their accessories and
subsidiaries.
The transfer will apply also to the debts
owing for products delivered before the entry
into possession by the French State, and alter
the signature of the present Treaty, and to
deposits of money made by customers, whose
rights will be guaranteed by the French State.
4.
The French State will acquire the property
free and clear of all debts and charges. Never-
theless, the rights acquired, or in course of
being acquired, by the employees of the mines
and their accessories and subsidiaries at the
date of the coming into force of the present
Treaty, in connection with pensions for old
age or disability, will not be affected. In re-
turn. Germany must pay over to the French
State a sum representing the actuarial
amounts to which the said employees are en-
.itled.
5.
The value of the property thus ceded to
he FrencM State will be determined by tb«
558
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Reparation Commission referred to in Article
233 of Part VIII (Reparation) of the present
Treaty.
This value shall be credited to Germany in
part payment of the amount due for repara-
tion
It will be for Germany to indemnify the
proprietors or parties concerned, whoever they
may be.
6.
No tariff shall be established on the German
railways and canals which may directly or
indirectly discriminate to the prejudice of the
transport of the personnel or products of the
mines and their accessories or subsidiaries, or
of the material necessary to their exploita-
tion. Such transport shall enjoy all the rights
and privileges which any international railway
conventions may guarantee to similar prod-
ucts of French origin.
7.
The equipment and personnel necessary to
ensure the despatch and transport of the
products of the mines and their accessories
and subsidiaries, as well as the carriage of
workmen and employees, will be provided by
the local railway administration of the Basin.
8.
No obstacle shall be placed in the way of
euch improvements of railways or waterways
as the French State may judge necessary to
assure the despatch and the transport of the
products of the mines and their accessories
and subsidiaries, such as double trackage, en-
largement of stations, and constructipn of
yards and appurtenances. The distribution of
expenses will, in the event of disagreement, be
submitted to arbitration.
The French State may also establish any
new means of communication, such as ro^d?.
electric lines and telephone connections, which
it may consider necessary for the exploitation
of the mines.
It may exploit freely and without any re-
strictions the means of communication of
which it may become the owner, particularly
those connecting the mines and their acces-
sories and subsidiaries with the means of com-
munication situated in French territory.
The French State shall always be entitled
to demand the application of the German min-
ing1 laws and regulations in force on November
11. 1918. excepting provisions adopted ex-
clusively in view of the state of war. with a
view of the acquisition of such land as it may
judge necessary for the exploitation of the
mines and their accessories and subsidiaries.
' The payment for damage caused to immov-
able property by the working of the said
mines and their accessories and subsidiaries
shall be made in accordance with the German
mining laws and regulations above referred to.
10.
Every person whom the French State may
substitute for itself as regards the whole or
part of its rights to the exploitation of the
mines and their accessories and subsidiaries
shnll enjoy the benefit of the privileges pro-
vided in this Annex.
11.
The mines and other immoyable property
which become the property of the French
State may never be made the subject of
measures of forfeiture, forced sale, expropri-
ation or requisition, nor of any other measure
affecting the right of property.
The personnel and the plant connected with
the exploitation of these mines or their ac-
cessories and subsidiaries, as well as the prod-
uct extracted from the mines or manufactured
in their accessories and subsidiaries, may not
at any time be made the subject of any
measures of requisition.
The exploitation of the mines and their
accessories and subsidiaries, which become the
property of the French State, will continue
subject to the provisions of paragraph 23 be^
low. to be subject to the regime established
by the German laws and regulations in force
on November 11. 1918. excepting provisions
adopted exclusively in view of the state of
Wctr.
The rights of the workmen shall similarly be
maintained, subject to the provisions of the
said paragraph 23. as established on Novem-
ber 11. 1918, by the German laws and regu-
lations above referred to.
12.
No impediment shall be placed in the way
of the introduction or employment in the
mines and their accessories and subsidiaries
of workmen from without the Basin.
The employees and workmen of French na-
tionality shall have the right to belong to
.trench labour unions.
13.
The amount contributed by the mines and
their accessories and subsidiaries, either to
the local budget of the territory of the Saar
Basin or to the communal funds, shall be
fixed with due regard to the ratio of the
value of the mines to the total taxable wealth
of the Basin.
14.
The French State shall always have the
right of establishing and maintaining, as in-
cidental to the mines, primary or technical
schools for its employees and their children,
and of causing instruction therein to be
given in the French language, in accordance
with such curriculum and by such teachers as
it may select.
It shall _ also have the right to establish
and maintain hospitals, dispensaries, workmen's
houses, and gardens and other charitable and
social institutions.
15.
The French State shall enjoy complete lib-
erty with respect to the distribution, dis-
patch and sale prices of the products of the
mines and their accessories and subsidiaries.
Nevertheless, whatever may be the total
product of the mines, the French Government
undertakes that the requirements of local
consumption for industrial and domestic pur-
poses shall always be satisfied in the pro-
portion existing in 1913 between the amount
consumed locally and the total output of the
Saar Basin.
Chapter II.
Government of the Territory of the Saar Basin.
16.
The Government of the territory of the
Saar Basin shall be entrusted to a Commis-
sion representing the League of Nations. This
Commission shall sit in the territory of the
Saar Basin.
17.
The Governing Commission provided for by
paragraph 16 shall consist of five members
chosen by the Council of the League of Na-
tions, and will include one citizen of Frnnce.
one native inhabitant of the Saar Basin,
not a citizen of France, and three members
belonging to three countries other than France
or Germany.
The members of the Governing Commission
shall be appointed for one year and may be
re-appointed. They can be remoYed by the
Council of the League of Nations, which will
provide for their replacement.
The Members of the Governing Commission
will be entitled to a salary which will be
fixed by the Council of the League of Na-
tions, and charged on the local revenues.
18.
The Chairman of the Governing Commis-
sion shall be appointed for one year from
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
559
among- the members of the Commission b;
the Council of the League of Nations and
may be re-appointed.
The Chairman will act as the executive oj
the Commission.
19.
Within the territory of the Saar Basin the
Governing1 Commission shall have all the
powers of government hitherto belonging to
the German Empire. Prussia, or Bavaria, in-
cluding the appointment and dismissal ol
officials, and the creatioji of such adminis-
trative and representative bodies as it may
deem necessary.
It shall have full powers to administer anc
operate the railways, canals and the different
public services.
Its decisions shall be taken by a majority.
20.
Germany will place at the disposal of the
Governing Commission all official documents
and archives under the control of Germany
of any German State, or of any local author
ity, which relate to the territory of the Saar
Basin or to the rights of the inhabitants
thereof.
21.
It will be the duty of the Governing Com-
mission to ensure by such means and under
such condition as it may deem suitable, the
protection abroad of the interests of the in-
habitants of the territory of the Saar Basin
'6'6.
The Governing Commission shall have the
full right of user of all property, other than
mines, belonging, either in public or in pri-
vate domain, to the Government of the Ger-
man EmpLe, or the Government of any Ger-
man State, in the territory of the Saar Basin.
As regards the railways an equitable appor-
tionment of rolling stock shall be made by a
mixed Commission on which the Government
of the territory of the Saar Basin and the Ger-
man railways will be represented.
Persons, goods, vessels, carriages, wagons and
maili coming from or going to the Saar Basin
shall enjoy all the rights and privileges relat-
ing to transit and transport which are specified
in the provisions of Part XII (Ports, Water-
ways and Railways) of the present Treaty.
23.
The laws and regulations in force on No-
vember 11, 1918. in the territory of the Saar
Basin (except those enacted in consequence
of the state of war) shall continue to apply.
If. for general reasons or to bring these
laws and regulations into accord with the pro-
visions of tho present Treaty, it is necessary
tr. introduce modifications, these shall be de-
cided on and put into effect by the Governing
Commission, after consultation with the elect-
ed representatives of the inhabitants in such
a manner as the Commission may determine.
No rrcdification may be made in the legal
regime for the exploitation of the mines, pro-
vided for in paragraph 12. without the French
State being previously consulted, unless such
modification results from a general regulation
respect'ng labour.
In fixing *he conditions and hours of labour
for men, women and children, the Governing
Commission is to take into consideration the
wishes expressed by the local labour organisa-
tions, as well as the principles adopted by the
League of Nations.
24.
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 4. no
rights of the inhabitants of the Saar Basin
acquired or in process of acquisition at the
date of the coming into force of this Treaty,
in respect of any insurance system of Ger-
many or in respect of any pension of any kind,
are after-ted by any of the provisions of the
present Treaty.
Germany and the Government of the terri-
tory of the Saar Basin will preserve and con-
tinue all of the aforesaid rights.
25.
The civil and criminal courts existing in the
territory of the Saar Basin shall continue.
A civil and criminal court will be established
by the Governing Commission to hear appeals
from the decisions of the ?aid courts and to
<*» matters for which these courts are not
£c™$?£. ^"l8?*™.*™ be^ respqn-
°f the
26.
.
The Governing Commission will alone have
nd auee ln thl
.
of .
i.! fis<r,al system existing on November 11.
1918. will be maintained as far as possible
and no new tax except customs duties may
be imposed without previously consulting the
elected representatives of the inhabitants.
27.
The present stipulations will not affect the
°f the
No hindrance shall be placed in the way ol
those who wish to aco.uire a different na-
tionality. but in such case the acquisition of
the new nationality will involve the loss of
any other.
28.
Under the control of the Governing Com-
mission the inhabitants will retain their local
assemblies their religious liberties their
schools and their language.
The right of voting will not be exercised for
any assemblies otner than the local as-
semblies, and will belong to every inhabitant
over the age of twenty years, without dis-
tinction of sex.
29.
Any of the inhabitants of the Saar Basin
who may desire to leave the territory will
have full liberty to retain in it their im-
n-ovable property or to sell it at fair prices
and to remove their movable property free of
any charges.
30.
There will be no military service, whether
compulsory or voluntary, in the territory of
the Saar Basin, and the construction of for-
tific~tions therein is forbidden.
Only a local gendarmerie for the maintenance
of order may be established.
It will be the duty of the Governing Com-
mission to provide in all cases for the pro-
tection of persons and property in the Saar
Basin.
31.
The territory of the Saar Basin as defined
by Article 48 of the present Treaty shall be
subjected to the French customs regime. The
receipts from the custom? duties on goods in-
tended for local consumption shall be included
in the budget of the said territory after de-
duction of all co«ts o< collection.
No export tax shall be imposed upon metal-
urgical products or coal exported from the
said territory to Germany, nor upon German
exports for the use of the industries of the
territory of the Snar B-'Sin.
Natural or manufactured products originat-
ng in the Bnsin in t-ansit over German terri-
ory and. similarly. German products in transit
over the territory of the Basin shall be free
of all customs duties.
Products which both originate in and pass
'rom the Basin into Germany shall he fre» of
mport duties for a period of five years from
he date of the coming into force of the pres-
ent Treaty, and during1 the same period arti-
860
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
«les imported from Germany into the territory
•f the Basin for local consumption shall Like-
wise be free of import duties.
During these five years the French Govern-
ment reserves to itself the rig-fat of limiting:
to the annual average of the Quantities im-
ported into Alsace-Lorraine and I ranee in the
years 1911 to 1913 the quantitie3 which may
be sent into France of all articles eoming
from the Basin which include raw materials
and semi-manufactured groods imported duty
free from Germany. Such average shall be
determined after reference to all available of-
ficial information and statistics.
32.
No prohibition or restriction shall be im-
posed upon the circulation of French money in
the territory of the Saar Basin.
The French State shall have the right to
mse French money in all purchases, payments
and contracts connected with the exploitation
•f the mines or their aeeessones and subsid-
iaries.
33.
The Governing Commission shall have power
to decide all questions arising from the in-
terpretation of the preceding provisions.
France and Germany agree that any dis-
pute involving a difference of opinion as to
the interpretation of the said provisions shall
In the same way be submitted to the Govern-
ing Commission, and the decision of a major-
ity of the Commission shall be binding1 on both
counwe8- en,** m.
Plebiscite.
34.
At the -termination of a period ol fifteen
yeara from the coming1 into force of the pres-
ent Treaty, the population of the territory of
the Saar Basin will be called upon to indi-
cate their desires in the following manner:
A vote will take place by communes or dis-
tricts, on the three following alternatives:
(a) maintenance of the regime established by
the present Treaty and by this Annex: (b)
union with France: (c) union with Germany.
All persons without distinction of sex, more
than twenty years old at the date of voting,
resident in the territory at the date of the
signature of the present Treaty, will have the
right to vote.
The other conditions, methods and the date
of the voting shall be fixed by the Council of
the League of Nations in such a way as to
secure the freedom, secrecy and trustworthi-
ness of the voting.
35.
The League of Nations shall decide on the
sovereignty under which the territory is to be
placed taking into account the wishes of the
inhabitants as expressed by the voting:
(a) If. for the whole or part of the terri-
tory, the League of Nations decides in favour
of the maintenance of the regime established
by the present Treaty and this Annex. Ger-
many hereby agrees to make such renuncia-
tion of her sovereignty in favour of the League
of Nations as the latter shall deem necessary.
It will be the duty of the League of Nations
to 'take appropriate steps to adapt the regime
definitely adopted to the permanent welfare
of the territory and the general interest:
(b) If, for the whole- or part of the terri-
tory the League of Nations decides in favour
of union with France, Germany hereby agrees
to cede to France in accordance with the de-
cision of the League of Nations all rights
and title over the territory specified by the
League:
(c) If for the whole or part of the terri-
tory the League of Nations decides in favour
of union with Germany it will be the duty of
the League of Nations to cause the German
Government to be re-established in the govern-
ment of the territory specified by the League.
36.
If the League of Nations decides in favour
of the union of the whole or part of the ter-
ritory of the Saar Basin with Germany,
France's rights of ownership in the mines sit-
uated in such part of the territory will be
repurchased by Germany in their entirety at a
price payable in gold. The price to be paid
will be fixed by three experts, one nominated
by Germany, one by France and one. who shall
be neither a Frenchman nor a German, by the
Council of the League of Nations: the de-
cision of the experts will be given by a ma-
jority.
The obligation of Germany to make euch
payment shall be taken into account by the
Reparation Commission, and for the purpose
of this payment Germany may create a prior
charge upon her assets or revenues upon such
detailed terms as shall be agreed to by the
Reparation Commission.
If. nevertheless. Germany after a period of
one year from the date on which the payment
becomes d"e shall not have effected the sai<J
payment, the Reparation Commission shall do
so in accordance with such instructions as
may be given by the League of Nations, and.
if necessary, by liquidating that part of the
mines which is in question.
37.
If. in consequence of the repurchase pro-
vided for in paragraph 36, the ownership of
the mines or any part of them is transferred
to Germany the French State and French na-
tionals shall have the right to purchase such
amount of coal of the Saar Basin as their
industrial and domestic needs are found at
that time to require. An equitable arrange-
ment regarding amounts of coal, duration of
contract and prices will be fixed in due time
by the Council of the League of Nationg.
38.
It i3 understood that France and Germany
may. by special agreements concluded before
the time fixed for the payment of the price
for the repurchase of the mines, modify the
provisions of paragraphs 36 and 37.
39.
The Council of the League of Nations shall
make such provisions as may be necessary
for the establishment of the regime which is
to take effect after the decisions of the League
of Nations mentioned in paragraph 35 have
become operative, including an equitable ap-
portionment of any obligations of the govern-
ment of the territory of the Saar Basin aris-
ing from loans raised by the Commission or
from other causes.
From the coming into force of the new re-
gime the powers of the Governing Commis-
sion will terminate, except in the case pro-
vided for in paragraph 35 (a).
40.
In all matters dealt with in the present An-
nex the decisions of the Council of the League
of Nations will be taken by a majority.
Section V.
ALSACE-LORRAINE.
The High Contracting Parties, recognizing
the moral obligation to redress the wrong
done by Germany in 1871 both to the rights
of France and to the wishes of the popula-
tion of Alsace and Lorraine, which were sep-
arated from their country in spite of the
solemn protest of their representatives at the
Assembly of Bordeaux,
Agree upon the following Articles:
Article 51.
The territories which were ceded to Germany
in accordance with the Preliminaries of Peace
signed at Versailles on February 26. 1871. and
the Treaty of Frankfort of May 10. 1871, are
restored to French sovereignty as from the
date of the Armistice of November 11. 1918.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
561
The provisions of the Treaties establishing
the delimitation ol the frontiers before 1871
shall be restored.
Article 52.
The German Government shall hand over
without delay to the French Government all
archives, registers, plans, titles and documents
of every kind concerning: the civil, military,
financial, judicial or other administrations of
the territories restored to French sovereignty.
If any of these documents, archives, registers,
titles or plans have been misplaced they will
be restored by the German Government on the
demand of the French Government.
Article 53.
Separate agreements shall be made between
France and Germany dealing- with the interests
of the inhabitants of the territories referred to
in Article 51. particularly as regards their
civil rights, their business and the exercise of
their professions, it being1 understood that
Germany undertakes as from the present date
to recognise and accept the regulations laid
down in the Annex hereto regarding' the nation-
ality of the inhabitants or natives of the said
territories, not to claim at any time or in
any place whatsoever as German nationals
those who shall have been declared on any
ground to be French, to receive all others in
her t.-rritory. and to conform, as regards the
property of German nationals in the terri-
tories indicated in Article 51, with the pro-
viaions of Article 297 and the Annex to Sec-
tion IV of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the
present Treaty.
Those German nationals who without acquir-
ing French nationality shall receive permis-
sion from tho French Government to reside
in the said territories shall not be subjected to
the provisions of the said Article.
Article 54.
Those persons who have regained French
nationality in virtue of paragraph 1 of the
Annex hereto will be held to be Alsace-Lor-
rainers for the purposes of the present Section.
The persons referred to in paragraph 2 of
the said Annex will from the day on which
they have claimed French nationality be held
to be Alsace-Lorrainers with retroactive effect
as from November 11. 1918. For those whose
application is rejected., the privilege will ter-
minate at the date of the refusal.
Such juridical persons will also have the
status of Alsace-Lorrainers as shall have been
recognized as possessing this quality, whether
by the French administrative authorities or by
a judicial decision.
Article 55.
The territories referred to in Article 51 shall
return to France free and quit of all public
debts under the conditions laid down in Ar-
ticle 255 of Part IX (Financial Clauses) of the
present Treaty.
Article 56.
In conformity with the provisions of Article
256 of Part IX. (Financial Clauses) of the
present Treaty. France shall enter into posses-
sion of all property and estate, within the
territories referred to in Article 51, which be-
long to the German Empire or German States,
without any payment or credit on this account
to any of the States ceding1 the territories.
This provision applies to all movable or
immovable property of public or private do-
main together with all rights whatsover. be-
longing to the German Empire or German
States or to their administrative areas.
Crown property and the property of the
former Emperor or other German sovereigns
shall be assimilated to property of the public
domain.
Article 57.
Germany shall not take any action, either
by means of stamping or by any other legal or
administrative measures not applying equally to
! the rest of her territory which may be to the
detriment of the legal value or redeemability
ol uerman monetary instruments or monies
which, at the date of the signature of the
present Treaty, are legally current and at that
date are in the possession of the French Gov-
ernment.
Article 58.
A special Convention will determine the con-
ditions for repayment in marks of the ex-
cept, onal war expenditure advanced during the
course of the war by Alsace-Lorraine or by
the public bodies in Alsace-Lorraine on ac-
count of the Empire in accordance with Ger-
man law. such as payment to the families of
persons mobilised, requisitions, billeting of
troops and assistance to persons who have
been evacuated.
In fixing the amount of these sums Germany
shall be credited with that portion which
Alsace-Lorraine would hare contributed to the
Empire to meet the expenses resulting from
the«e payments, this contribution being calcu-
lated according to the proportion of the Im-
perial revenues derived from Alsace-Lorraine in
1913.
Article 59.
The French Government will collect for its
own account the imperial taxes, duties and
dues of every kind leviable in the territories
referred to in Article 51 and not collected at
the time of the Armistice of November 11.
1918.
Article 60.
The German Government shall without de-
lay restore to Alsace-Lorrainers (individuals,
juridical persona and public institutions) all
property, rights and interests belonging to
them on November 11. 1918. in so far as
these are situated in German territory.
Article 61.
The German Government undertakes to con-
tinue and complete without delay the execu-
tion of the financial clauses regarding Alsace-
Lorraine contained in the Armistice Conven-
tions.
Article 62.
The German Government undertakes to bear
the expense of all civil and military pensions
which had been earned in Alsace-Lorraine on
date of November 11. 1918. and the mainte-
nance of which was a charge on the budget
of the German empire.
The German Government shall furnish each
year the funds necessary for the payment in
francs, at the average rate of exchange for
that year, of the sums in marks to which per-
sons resident in Alsace-Lorraine would hare
been entitled if Alsace-Lorraine had remained
under German jurisdiction.
Article 63.
For the purposes of the obligation assumed
by Germany in Part VIII (Reparation) of the
present Treaty to give compensation for dam-
ages caused to the civil populations of the
Allied and Associated countries in the form
of fines, the inhabitants of the territories
referred to in Article 51 shall be assimilated
to the above-mentioned populations.
Article 64
The regulations concerning the control of
the Rhine nnd of the Mo«elle are laid down
n Part XH (Ports. Waterways and Bail-
ways) of the present Treaty.
Article 65.
Within a period of thjee weeks after the
coming into force of the present Treaty, the
port of Strasburg and the port of Kehl shall
be constituted, for a period of seven years, a
Single unit from the point of view of ex-
ploitation.
The administration of this single unit will
be carried on by a manager named by the
Central Rhine Commission, which shall also
have power to remove him.
562
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
This manager shall be of French nationality.
He -will reside in Strasburg and will be
subject to the supervision of the Central
Rhine Commission.
There will be established in the two ports
free zones in conformity with Part Xll (Ports.
Waterways and Railways) of the present
Treaty.
A special Convention between France and
Germany, which shall be submitted to the ap-
proval of the Central Rhine Commission, will
fix the details of this organisation, particu-
larly as regards finance.
It is understood that for the purpose of the
present Article the port of Kehl includes- the
•whole of the area necessary for the movements
of the port and the trains which serve it.
including the harbour, quays and railroads,
platforms, cranes, sheds and warehouses, silos,
elevators and hydro-electric plants, which
make up the equipment of the port.
The German Government undertakes to carry
out all measures which shall be required of
it in order to assure that all the makmg-
up and switching of trains arriving at or de-
parting from Kehl, whether for the right bank
or the left bank of the Rhine, shall be car-
ried on in the best conditions possible.
All property rights shall be safeguarded. In
particMlar the administration of the ports shall
not prejudice any property rights of the
French or Baden railroads.
Equality of treatment as respects traffic shall
be assured in both ports to the nationals, ves-
sels and goods of every country.
In case at the end of the sixth year France
shall consider that the progress made in the
improvement of the port of Strasburg still re-
quires a prolongation of this temporary regime,
she may ask for such prolongation from the
Central Rhine Commission, which may grant
an extension for a period not exceeding three
Throughout the whole period of any such
extension the free zones above provided for
shall be maintained.
Pending appointment of the first manager by
the Central Rhine Commission a provisional
manager who shall be of French nationality
may be appointed by the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers subject to the foregoing pro-
For all purposes of the present Article the
Central Rhine Commission will decide by a
majority of votes.
Article' €6.
The railway and other bridges across the
Rhine now existing within the limits of
Alsace-Lorraine shall, as to all their parts and
their whole length, be the property of the
French State, which shall ensure their up-
keeP' Article 67.
The French government is substituted in all
the rights of the German Empire over all the
railways which were administered by the Im-
perial railway administration and which are
actually working or under construction.
The same shall apply to the rights of the
Empire with regard to railway and tramway
concessions within the territories referred to
in Article 51.
This substitution shall not entail any pay-
ment on the t>art of the French State.
The frontier railway stations shall be es-
tablished by a subsequent agreement, it being
stipulated in advance that on the Rhine fron-
tier they shall be situated on the right bank.
Article 68.
In accordance with the provisions of Article
268 of Chapter I of Section I of Part X
(Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty, for
a period of five years from the coming into
force of the present Treaty, natural or manu-
factured products originating in and coming
from the territories referred to in Article 51
shall, on Importation into German customs
territory, be exempt from all customs duty.
The French government may fix each year,
by decree, communicated to the German Go^-
ernment, the nature and amount of the prod-
ucts which shall enjoy this exemption.
The amount of each product which may be
sent annually into Germany shall not exceed
the average of the amounts sent annually in
the years 1911-1913.
Further, during the period of five years
above mentioned, the German Government shall
allow the free export from Germany and the
free reimportntion into Germany, exempt from
all customs duties and other charges (includ-
ing internal charges), of yarns, tissues! and
other textile materials or textile products 01
any kird and in any condition* sent from Ger-
many into the territories referred to in Ar-
ticle 51. to be subjected there to any finishing
process, such as bleaching, dyeing-, printing,
mercerization gassing, twisting- or dressing.
Article 69.
During a period of ten years from the com-
ing into force of the present Treaty, central
electric supply works situated in German ter-
ritory and formerly furnishing electric power
to the territories referred to in Article 51 or
to any establishment the working of which
passes permanently or temporarily from Ger-
many to France, shall be required to continue
such supply up to the amount of consumption
corresponding to the undertakings and con-
tracts current on November 11, 1918.
Such supply shall be furnished according to
the contracts in force and at a rate which
shall not be higrher than that paid to the said
works by German nationals.
Article 70.
It is understood that the French Government
preserves its right to prohibit in the future
in the territories referred to in Article 51
all new German participation:
(1) In the management or exploitation of
the public domain and of public service, such
as railways, navigable waterways, water
works, gas works, electric power, etc.;
(3) In the ownership of mines and quarries
of every kind and in enterprises connected
therewith:
(3) ID metallurgical establishments, even
though their working may not be connected
with that of any mine.
Article 71.
As regards the territories referred to in
Article 51, Germany renounces on behalf of
herself and her nationals as from November
11. 1918. all rights under the law of May
25. 1910. regarding the trade in potash salts,
and generally under any stipulatipns for the
intervention of German organisations in the
working of the potash mines. Similarly, she re-
nounces on behalf of herself and her na-
tionals all rights under any agreements, stipu-
lations or laws which may exist to her benefit
with regard to other products of the aforesaid
territories.
Article 12.
The settlement of the questions relating to
debts contracted before November 11, 1918,
between the German Empire and the German
States or their nationals residing in Germany
on the one part and Alsace-Lorrainers residing
in Alsace-Lorraine on the other part shall
effected in accordance with the provisions ol
Section HI of Part X (Economic Clauses) o
the present Treaty, the expression "b
the war" therein being replaced by the
the present Treaty, the expression "before
being replaced by the ex-
pression "before November 11. 1918." The
.
rate of exchange applicable in the case of
such settlement shall be the average rate
qiioted on the Geneva Exchange during the
month preceding November 11. 1918. ,
There may be established in the territories
referred to in Article 51. for the settlement
of the aforesaid debts under the conditions laid
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
down in Section III of Part X (Economic
Clauses) of the present Treaty, a special
clearing1 office, it being- understood that this
office shall be regarded as a "central office"
under the provisions of paragraph 1 of the
Annex to the said Section.
Article 73.
The private property, rights and interests
of Alsace-Lorrainers in Germany will be regu-
lated by the stipulations of Section IV of Part
X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty.
Article 7-J.
The French government reserves the right to
retain and liquidate all the property, rights
and interests which German nationals or so-
cieties controlled by Germnny possessed in
the territories referred to in Article 51 on
November 11, 1918, subject to the conditions
laid down in the last paragraph of Article
63 above.
Germany will directly compensate her na-
tionals who may have been dispossessed by
the aforesaid liquidations.
The product of these liquidations shall be ap-
plied in accordance with the stipulations ol
Sections III and IV of Part X (Economic
Clauses) of the present Treaty.
Article 75.
Notwithstanding the stipulations of Section
V of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the pres-
ent Treaty, all contracts made before the date
of the promulgation in Alsace-Lorraine of the
French decree of November 30, 1918. between
Alsace-Lorrainers (whether individuals or
juridical persons) or other resident in Alsace-
Lorraine on the one part and the German
Empire or German States and their nationals
resident in Germany on the other part, the
execution of which has been suspended by the
Armistice or by subsequent French legislation,
shall be maintained.
Nevertheless, any contract of which the
French Government shall notify the cancella-
tion to Germany in the general interest within
a period of six months from the date of the
coming into force of the present Treaty shall
be annulled except in respect of any debt or
other pecuniary obligation arising out of any
act done or money paid thereunder before
November 11. 1918. If this dissolution would
cause one of the parties substantial prejudice,
equitable compensation, calculated solely on
the capital employed without taking account
of loss of profits, shall be accorded to the
pr°indiced party.
With regard to prescriptions, limitations and
forfeitures in Alsace-Lorraine, the provisions
of Articles 300 -^nd 301 of Section V of Pa^t
X (Economic Clauses) shall be applied with
the substitution for the expression "outbreak
of war" of the expression "November 11.
1918." and for the expression /'duration of
the war" of the expression ' period from No-
vember 11. 1918, to the date of the coming
Into force of the present Treaty."
Article 76.
Questions concerning rights in industrial,
literary or artistic property of Alsace-Lorrain-
ers shall be regulated in accordance with the
general stipulations of Section VII of Part X
(Economic Clnn^s) of the present Treaty it
being understood that Alsace-Lorrainers hold-
ing rights of this nature under German legis-
lation will preserve fnll and entire enjoyment
of those rights on German territory.
Article 77.
The German Government undertakes to pay
over to the French Government such propor-
tion of all reserves accumulated by tne J^m
pire or by public or private bodies dependent
upon it. for the purposes of disability and old
age insurance, as would fall to the disability
and old age insurance fund at Strasburg.
The same shall apply in respect of the cap-
ital and reserves accumulated in Germany fall-
ing legitimately to other social insurance
funds, to miners' superannuation funds, tc
the fund of the railways of Alsace-Lorraine,
to other superannuation organisations estab-
lished i'9r the benefit of the personnel of pub-
lic administrations and institutions operating1
in Alsace-Lorraine, and also in respect of the
capital and reserves due by the insurance fund
of private employees at Berlin, by reason of
engagements entered into for the benefit of
insured persons of that category resident in
Alsace-Lorraine.
A special Convention shall determine the
conditions and procedure of these transfers.
Article 78.
With regard to the execution of judgments,
appeals and prosecutions, the following rules
shall be applied:
(i) All civil and commercial judgments
which shall have been given since August 3,
1914. by the Courts of Alsace-Lorraine be-
tween Alsace-Lorrainers. or between Alsace-
Lorrainers and foreigners, or between foreign-
ers, and which shall not have been appealed
from before November 11. 1918, shall be re-
garded as final and susceptible of immediate
execution without further formality.
When the judgment has been given between
Alsace-Lorrainers and Gr^mr-ns or tetwe^n Al-
sace-Lorrainers and subjects of the allies ol
Germany, it shall only be capable of execution
after the issue of an exequatur by the corre-
sponding new tribunal in the restored ter-
ritory referred to in Article 51.
Cx5) All judgments given by German Courts
since August 3, 1914, against Alsace-Lorrain-
ers for political crimes or misdemeanors shall
be regarded as null and void.
(3) All sentences passed since November 11,
3918. by the Court of the Empire at Leipzig
on appeals against the decisions of the Courts
of Alsace-Lorraine shall be regarded as null
and void and shall be so pronounced. The
papers in regard to the cases in which such
sentences have been given shall be returned
to the Courts of Alsace-Lorraine concerned.
All appeals to the Court of the Emnire
against decisions of the Courts of Alsace-Lor-
raine' shnll be suspended. The papers shall
be returned under the aforesaid conditions for
transfer without delay to the French Cour de
Cassation, which shall be competent to decide
them.
(4) All prosecutions in Alsace-I/orraine for
offenses committed during the period between
November 11. 1918. and the coming into
force of the present Treaty will be conducted
under German law except in so far as this
has been modified by decrees duly published
on the snot by the French authorities.
(5) All other questions as to competence,
procedure or administration of justice shall be
determined by a special Convention between
France and Germany.
| Article 79.
The stipulations as to nationality contained
in the Annex hereto shall be considered as
of equal force with the provisions of the
present Section.
All other questions concerning Alsace-Lor-
raine which are not regulated by the present
Portion and the Annex thereto or by the
general provisions of tho present Treaty will
form the subject of further conventions be-
tween France and Germany.
ANNEX.
1.
As from November 11, 1918. the following1
persons are ipso facto reinstated in French
nationality:
(1) Persons who lest French nationality
by the application of the Franco-German
Treaty of Mpy 10. 1871. and who have not
since 'that date acquired any nationality other
than German :
564
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
(°) The legitimate or natural descendants of
the' persona referred to in the immediately pre-
ceding paragraph, with the exception of those
whose ascendants in the paternal line include
a Geiman who migrated into Alsace-Lorraine
after July 15. 1870:
(3) All persons born in Alsace-Lorraine 01
unknown parents, or whose nationality is Tin-
known.
Within the fleriod of one year from the com-
ing- into force of the present Treaty, persons
included in any of the following- categories
may claim French nationality:
(1) All persons not restored to French na-
tionality under paragraph 1 above, whose as-
cendants include a Frenchman or French wom-
an who lost French nationality under the con-
ditions referred to in the said paragraph:
(2) All foreigners, .not nationals of a Ger-
raine. if they have been so domiciled since a
date previous to July 15. 1870. or if one
of their ascendants was at that date domiciled
in Alsace-Lorraine: . . . ,
(4) All Germans born or domiciled in Al-
sace Lorraine who have served in the Allied
or Associated armies during- the present war.
in Alsace-Lorraine be-
fore May 10, 1871, of foreign parents, and
the descendants of such persons:
(6) The husband or wife of any person
whoso French nationality may have been re-
stored under paragraph 1. or who. may have
claimed and obtained French nationality in
accordance with the preceding- provisions.
The legal representative of . a minor may
exercise on behalf of that minor the right
to claim French nationality: and if that right
his not been exercised, the minor may claim
French nationality within the year following
his majority. __ _
Except in the cases provided for in HOj.CC
of the present paragraph, the French authori-
ties reserve to themselves the .right, in in-
dividual cases, to reject the claim to French
nationality.
o.
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2.
Germans born or domiciled in Alsace-Lorraine
shall not acquire French nationality by reason
of the restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to
France, even though they may have the status
of citizens of Alsace-Lorraine.
They may acquire French nationality only
by naturalisation, on condition, of having-
been domiciled in Alsace-Lorraine Irom a
date previous to August 3. 1914. and of sub-
miUin? proof of unbroken residence within the
restored territory for a period of three years
from November 11, 1918.
France will be solely responsible for their
diplomatic and consular protection from the
date of their application for French naturali-
The French Government shall determine the
procedure by which reinstatement in French
nationality as of right shall b^ effected, and
the conditions under which decisions shall be
giv°n upon claims to such nationality and ap-
plications for naturalisation, as provided by
the present Annex.
Section VI.
AUSTRIA.
Article 80.
Germany acknowledges and _will respect
strictly the independence of Austria, within the
frontiers which may be fixed in a Ireaty be-
tween that State and the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers: she agrees that this in-
dependence shfvll be inalienable, except with the
cpn<«nt of tho Council of the League of Na-
tions.
Section VII.
CZECHO-SLOVAK STATE.
Article 81.
Germany, in conformity with the action al-
ready taken by the Allied and Associated Pow-
ers, recognises the complete independence of
the Czecho-Slovak State which will include the
autonomous territory of the Ruthenians to the
south of the Carpathians. Germany hereby
recognises the frontiers of this State as de-
termined by the Principal Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers and the other interested States.
Article 82.
The old frontier as it existed on August 3.
1914, between Austria-Hungary and the Ger-
min Empire will constitute the frontier De-
tween Germany and the Czecho-Slovak State.
Article 83.
Germany renounces in favour of the Czecho-
slovak State all rights and title over the por-
tion of Silesian territory defined as follows:
starting- from a point about 2 kilometres
south -cast of Katocher. on the boundary be-
tween the Kreise of Leobschutz and Ratibor:
the boundary between the two Kreise ;
then, the former boundary between Germany
and Austria-Hungary up to a point on the
Oder immediately to the south of the Rati-
bor-Oderber? mil way
thence, towards the north-west and up to a
point about 2 kilometres to the south-east
of Ka tocher:
a line to be fixed on the spot passing to the
west of ffranowitz.
A Commission composed of seven members,
five nominated by the Principal Allied and As-
sociated Pow?rs. one by Poland and one by
the Czecho-Slovak State, will be appointed
fifteen days after the coming- into force of
the present Treaty to trace on the spot the
frontier line between Poland and the Czecho-
slovak State.
The decisions of this Commission will be
taken by a majority and shall be bindinr on
the parties concerned.
Germany hereby agrees to renounce in favour
of the Czecho-Slovak State all rights and
title over the Dart of the Kreis of Leobschutz
comprised within the following boundaries in
case after the determination of the frontier
between Germany and Poland the said part of
that Kreis should become isolated from Ger-
many:
from the south-eastern extremity of the
salient of the former Austrian frontier at
about 5 kilometres to the west of Leobsehutz
southwards and up to the point of junction
with the boundary between the Kreise of
Leobschutz and Ratibor:
the former frontier between Germany and
Austria-Hungary :
then, northwards, the administrative bound-
ary between the Kreise of Leobschutz and
Ratibor up to a point situated about 2 kilo-
metres to the south-east of Katscher:
thence, north-westwards and up to the start-
ing--point of this definition:
a line to be fixed on the spot passing to the
east of Katscher.
Article 8%.
German nationals habitually resident in any
of the territories recognised as forming part
of the Czecho-Slovak State will obtain Czecho-
slovak nationality ipso facto and lose their
German nationality.
Article 85.
Within a period of two years from the com-
ing into force of the present Treaty. German
nationals over eighteen years of age habitually
resident in any of the territories recongised as
g part of the Czecho-Slovak Stnte will
be entitled to opt for German nationality.
Czecho-Slovaks who are German nationals
and are habitually resident in Germany will
have a similar right to opt for Czecho-Slovak
nationality.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
565
Option by a husband will cover his wife and
option by parents will cover their children
under eighteen years of age.
Persons who have exercised the above right
to opt must within the succeeding1 twelve
months transfer their place of residence to the
State for which they have opted.
They will be entitled to retain their landed
property in the territory of the other State
where they had their place of residence before
exercising: the right to opt. They may carry
with them their movable property of every
description. No export or import duties may
be imposed upon them in connection with the
removal of such property.
Within the same period Czecho- Slovaks who
are German nationals and are in a foreign
country will be entitled, in the absence of
any provisions to the contrary in the foreign
law. and if they have not acquired the for-
eign nationality, to obtain Czecho-Slovak na-
tionality and lose their German nationality by
complying1 with the requirements laid down by
the Czecho-Slovak State.
Article 86.
The Czecho-Slovak State accepts and agrees
to embody in A Treaty with the Principal Al-
lied and Associated Powers such provisions
as may be deemed necessary by the said Pow-
ers to protect the interests of inhabitants of
that State who differ from the majority of
the population in race, language or religion.
The Czecho-Slovak State further accepts and
agrees to embody in a Treaty with the said
Powers such provisions as they may deem nec-
essary to protect freedom of transit and
equitable treatment of the commerce of other
nations.
The proportion and nature of the financial
obligations of Germany and Prussia which the
Czecho-Slovak State will have to assume on
account of the Silesian territory placed under
its sovereignty will be determined in accord-
ance with Article 254 of Part IX (Financial
Clause-?) of the present Treaty.
Subsequent agreements will decide all ques-
tions not decided by the present Treaty which
may arise in consequence of the cession of the
eaid territory.
Section V1IL
POLAND.
Article 87.
Germany, in conformity with the action al-
ready taken by the Allied and Associated
Powers, recognizes the complete independence
of Poland, and renounces in her favour all
rights and title over the territory bounded by
the Baltic Sea, 'the eastern frontier of Ger-
many as laid down in Article 27 of Part 11
(Boundaries of Germany) of the present
Treaty up to a point situated about 2 kilo-
metres to the east of Lorzendorf, then a line
to the acute angle which the northern bound-
ary of Upper Silesia makes abflut 3 kilome-
tres north-west of Simmenau, then the bound-
ary of Upper Silesia to its meeting point
with the old frontier between Germany and
Russia, then this frontier 'to the point where
it crosses the course of the Niemen, and then
the northern frontier of East Prussia as laid
down in Article 28 of Part II aforesaid.
The provisions of this Article do not. how-
ever, apply to the territories of East Prussia
and the Free City of Danzig, as defined in
Article 28 of Part H (Boundaries of Ger-
many) and in Article 100 of Section XI (Dan-
zig) of this Part.
The boundaries of Poland not laid down in
the present Treaty will be subsequently de-
termined by the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers.
A Commission consisting1 of seven members,
live of whom shall be nominated by the Prin-
cipal Allied and Associated Powers, one by
Germany and one by Poland, shall be consti-
tuted fifteen days after the coming into force
of the present Treaty to delimit on the epot
the frontier line between Poland and Ger-
many.
The decisions of the Commission will be
taken by a majority of votee and shall be
binding upon the parties concerned.
Article 88.
In the portion of Upper Silesia included
within the boundaries described below, the in-
habitants will be called upon to indicate by
a vote whether they wish to be attached to
Germany or to Poland:
starting from the northern point of the
salient of the old province of Austrian Silesia
situated about 8 kilometres east of Neustadt.
the former frontier between Germany and
Austria to its junction with the boundary be-
tween the Kriese of Leobschutz and Ratibor:
thence in a northerly direction to a point
about 2 kilometres south-east of Katscher;
the boundary between the Kreise of .Leob-
schutz and Ratibor:
thence in a south-easterly direction to a
point on the course of the Oder immediately
south of the Ratibor-Oderberg railway:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing-
south of Kranowitz :
thence the old boundary between Germany
and Austria, then the old boundary between
Germany and Russia to its junction with the
administrative boundary between Posnania and
Upper Silesia;
thence this administrative boundary to its
junction with the administrative boundary be-
tween Upper and Middle Silesia:
thence westwards to the point where the ad-
ministrative boundary turns in an acute angle
to the south-east about 3 kilometres north-
west of Simmenau:
the boundary between Upper and Middle
then 'in a westerly direction to a point to be
fixed on the ground about 2 kilometres east
of Lorzendorf:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing1
north of Klein Hennersdorf;
thence southwards to the point where the
boundary between Upper and Middle Silesia
cuts the Stadtel-Karlsruhe road:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
west of Hennersdorf, Polkowitz. Noldau, Stein-
ersdorf and Dammer, and east of Strehlitz.
Nassadel. Eckersdorf, Schwirz and Stadtel;
thence the boundary between Upper and
Middle Silesia to its junction with the east-
ern boundary of the Kreis of Falkenberg:
thence the eastern boundary of the Kreis oJ
Falkenberg to the point of the salient which
ia 3 kilometres east of Puschine:
thence to the northern point of the salient
of the old province of Austrian Silesia sit-
uated about 8 kilometres east of Neustadt:
a line to be fixed on the ground passing east
of Zulz.
The regime under which this plebiscite will
bo taken and given effect to is laid down in
the Annex hereto.
The Polish and German Governments here-
by respectively bind themselves to conduct no
prosecutions on any part of their territory
and to take no exceptional proceedings for any
political action performed in Upper Silesia
dviring the period of the regime laid down in
the Annex hereto and up to the settlement
of the final status of the country.
Germany hereby renounces in favour of Po-
l^nd all rierhts and title over the portion of
Upper Silesia lying beyond the frontier line
fixed by the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers as the result of the plebiscite.
ANNEX.
1.
Within fifteen days from the coming into
force of the present Treaty the German troops
and such officials as may be designated by
the Commission eet up under the provisions
of paragraph 2 shall evacuate the plebiscite
area. Up to the moment of the completion
of the evacuation they shall refrain from any
566
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
form of requisitioning' in money or in kind and
from all acts likely to prejudice the material
interests of the country.
Within the same period the Workmen's and
Soldiers' Councils which have been constituted
in this area shall be dissolved. Members of
such Councils who are natives of another
region and are exercising- their functions at
the date of the coming into force of the
present Treaty, or who have gone out of
office since March 1. 1919. shall be evacuated.
All military and semi-military unions formed
in the said area by inhabitants of the district
shall be immediately disbanded. All mem-
bers of such military organisations who are
not domiciled in the said area shall be required
to leave it.
The plebiscite area shall be immediately
placed under the authority of an International
Commission of four members to be designated
by the following Powers: The United States
of America. France, the British Empire and
Italy. It shall be occupied by troops belong-
ing to the Allied and Associated Powers and
the German government undertakes to give
facilities for the transference of these troops
to Upper Silesia.
3.
The Commission shall <mjoy all the powers
exercised bv the German or the Prussian Gov-
ernment, except those of legislation or taxa-
tion. It shall also be substituted for the
Government of the province and the Regie-
It s-xall be within the competence of the
Commission to interpret the powers hereby
conferred upon it and to determine to what
extent it shall exercise them and to what
extent they shall be left in the hands of the
existing- authorities.
Changes in the existing1 laws and the exist-
ing1 taxation shall only be brought into force
with the consent of the Commission.
The Commission will maintain order with
the help of the troops which will be at its
disposal and to the extent which it may deem
necessary by means of gendarmerie recruited
among- the inhabitants of the country.
The Commission shall provide immediately
for the replacement of the evacuated German
officials and. if occasion arises, shall itself or-
der the evacuation of such authorities and
proceed to the replacement of such local au-
thorities as may be required.
It shall take all steps which it thinks proper
to insure the freedom, fairness and secrecy of
the vote. In particular it shall have the
right to order the expulsion of any person
who may in any way have attempted to dis-
tort the result of the plebiscite by methods of
corruption or intimidation.
The Commission shall have full power to
settle all questions arising- from the execiition
of the present clauses. It shall be assisted
by technical advisers chosen by it from among1
thi local population.
The decisions of the Commission shall be
taken by a majority vote.
4.
The Tote shall take place at such date as
may be determined by the Principal Allied
and Associated Powers, but not sooner than
six month* or later than eighteen months after
the establishment of the Commission in the
ax?a.
The rigrht to vote shall be given to all per-
sons without distinction of sex who:
(a) Have completed their twentieth year on
the 1st January of the year in which the
plebiscite takes place;
(b) Were born in the plebiscite area or
have been domiciled there since a date to be
determined by the Commission, which shall
not be subsequent to January 1. 1919. or who
have been expelled by the German authorities
and havo not retained their domicile there.
Persons convicted of political offences shall
be enabled to exercise their right of voting.
Every person will vote in the commune
where he is domiciled or in which he was
born, if he has not retained his domicile in
the area.
The result of the vote will be determined by
communes according- to the majority of votes
in each commune.
5.
On the conclusion of the voting- the number
of votes cast in each commune will be commu-
nicated by the Commission to the Principal
Allied and Associated Powers, with a full re-
port as to the taking- of the vote and a recom-
-mendation as to the line which ought to be
adopted as the frontier of Germany in Upper
Silesia. In this recommendation regard will
be paid to the wishes of the inhabitants as
shown by the vote, and to the geographical
and economic conditions of the locality.
6.
As soon as the frontier has been fixed by
the Principal Allied and Associated Powers
the German authorities will be notified by
the International Commission that they are
iree to take over the administration of the ter-
ritory which it is rep9grnised should be Ger-
man: the said authorities must proceed to do
so within one month of such notification and
in the manner prescribed by the Commission..
Within the same period and in the manner
prescribed by the Commission the Polish Gov-
ernment must proceed to take over the ad-
ministration of the territory which it is rec-
ognised should be Polish.
When the administration of the territory haa
been provided for by the German and Polish
authorities respectively the powers of the
Commission will terminate. N
The cost of the army of occupation and ex.
penditure by the Commission, whether in dis-
charge of its own functions or in 'the admin-
istration of the territory, will be charge on
the area.
Article 89.
Poland undertakes to accord freedom of
transit to persons, goods, vessels, carriages,
wagons and mails in transit between East
Prussia and the rest of Germany over Polish
territory, including territorial waters, and to
treat them at least as favourably as the per-
eons, goods, vessels, carriages, wagons and
mails respectively of Polish or of any other
more favoured nationality, origin, importation,
starting point, or ownerships as regards facil-
ities, restrictions and all other matters.
Goods in transit shall be exempt from all
customs or other similar duties.
Freedom of transit will extend to telegraphic
and telephonic services under the conditions
laid down by the conventions referred to in
Article 98.
Article 90.
Poland undertakes to permit for a period
of fifteen years the exportation to Germany
of the products of the mines in any part of
Upper Silesia transferred to Poland in accord-
ance with the present Treaty.
Such products shall be free from all export
duties or other charges or restrictions on ex-
portation.
Poland agrees to take such steps as may be
necessary to secure that any such products
shall be available for sale to purchasers in
Germany on terms as favourable as are appli-
cable to like products sold under similar con-
ditions to purchasers in Poland or in any
other country.
Article 91.
German nationals habitually resident in ter-
ritories recognised as forming part of Poland
will acquire Polish nationality ipso facto and
will lose their German nationality.
German nationals, however, or their descen
ants who became resident in these territories
after January 1, 1918, will not acquire
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
567
Polish nationality without a special authorisa-
tion irorn the Polish State.
Within a period of two years after the com-
ing: into force of the present Treaty. Ger-
man nationals over 18 years of age habitu-
ally resident in any of the territories recog-
nised as forming1 part of Poland will be en-
titled to opt for German nationality.
Poles who are German nationals over 18
years of age and habitually resident in Ger-
many will have <a similar right to opt for
Polish nationality
Option by a husband will cover his wife
and option by parents will cover their chil-
dren under 18 years of age.
Persons who have exercised the above right
to opt may within the succeeding twelve
months transfer their place of residence to
the State for which they have opted.
They will be entitled to retain their immov-
abla property in the territory of the other
State where they had their place of residence
before exercising the right to opt.
They may carry with them their movable
property of every description. No export or
import duties or charges may be imposed upon
them in connection with the removal of such
property.
Within the same period Poles who are Ger-
man nationals and pro in a foreign country
will be entitled, in the absence of any provi-
sions to the contrary in the foreign law. and
if they have not acouired the foreign nation-
ality, to obtain Polish nationality and to 1930
their German nationality by complying with
the requirements laid down by the Polish
In the portion of Upper Silesia submitted
to a plebiscite the provisions of this Article
shall only come into force as from the
definite attribution of the territory.
Article 92.
The proportion and the nature of the finan-
cial liabilities of Germany and Prussia which
are to be borne by Poland will be determined
in accordance with Article 254 of Part IX
(Financial Clauses) of the* present Treaty.
There shall be excluded from the share of
such financial liabilities assumed by Poland
that portion of the debt which, according to
the finding1 of the Reparation Commission re-
ferred to in the above-mentioned Article, arises
from measures adopted by the German and
Prussian Governments with a view to German
colonisation in Poland.
In fixing- under Article 256 of the present
Treaty the value of the property and posses-
sions belonging to the German Empire and to
the German States which pass to Poland with
the territory transferred above, the Reparation
Commission shrll exclude from the valuation
buildings, forests and other State property
which belonged to the fo-mer Kingdom of
Poland: Poland shall acauire these proper-
ties free of all costs and charges.
In all the Germin territory transferred in
accordance with the •nr^s^nt Treaty pnd recosr-
nised a a forming definitively p?rt of Poland,
the property, rights and interests of German
nntionala shall not be linrMdated under Article
297 by the Pol'sh Government except in ac-
cordance with the following provisions:
(1) The proceeds of the liquidation shall be
Paid direct to the owner:
(?) If on his annlication the Mixed Arbi-
tral Tribunal provided for by Section VI of
Part X (Economic Clauses) of the present
Treaty, or an arbitrator appointed by that
Tribunal, is satisfied th^t the conditions of
the sale or me? sures taken by the Polish Gov-
ernment outside . its general lec'slation were
unfairly prejudicial to the price obtained, they
•hall have discretion to award to the owner
•qnitable rorrmersation to be paid by the
Polish Gov°mm«nt.
Further agreements will regulate all ques-
tions arising1 out of the cession of the above
regulated
Article 93.
Poland accepts and agrees to embody in a
Treaty with the Principal Allied and Associ-
ated Powers such provisions as may bo deemed
necessary by the said Powers to protect the
interests of inhabitants of Poland who differ
from the majority of the population in race.
language or religion.
Poland further accepts and agrees to embody
in a Treaty with the said Powers such pro-
visions as they may deem necessary to pro-
tect freedom of transit and equitable treat-
ment of the commerce of other nations.
Section IX.
EAST PRUSSIA.
Article 94.
In the area between the southern frontier of
East Prussia, as described in Article 28 of
Part II (Boundaries of Germany) of the pres-
ent Treaty, and the line described below, the
inhabitants will be called upon to indicate
by a vote the State to which they wish to
belong :
The western and northern boundary of Re-
gierungsbezirk Allenstein to its junction with
the boundary between the Kreise of Oleteko
and Angerburg; thence, the northern boundary
of the Kreis of Oletsko to its junction with
the old frontier of East Prussia.
Article 95.
The German troops and authorities will be
withdrawn from the area defined above within
a period not exceeding fifteen days after the
coming into force of the present Treaty. Until
the evacuation is completed they will abstain
from all requisitions in money or in kind and
from all measures injurious to the economic
interests of the country.
On the expiration of the above-mentioned
period the said area will be placed under the
authority of an International Commission of
live members appointed by the Principal Allied
and Associated Powers. This Commission
will have general P9wers of administration
and, in particular, will be charged with the
duty of arranging for the vote and of taking
such measures as it may deem necessary to
ensure its freedom, fairness and secrecy. The
Commission will have all necessary authority
to decide any questions to which the execu-
tion of these provisions may give rise. The
Commission will make such arrangements as
may be necessary for assistance in the exer-
cise of its functions by officials chosen by itself
from the local population. Its decisions will
be taken by a majority.
Every person, irrespective of sex, will be
entitled to vote who:
(a) Is 20 years of age at the date of the
coming into force of the present Treaty, and
(b) Was born within the area where the
vote will take place or has been habitually
a resident there from a date to be fixed by
the Commission.
Every person will vote in the commune
where he is habitually resident or. if not ha-
bitually resident in the area, in the commune
where he was born.
The result of the vote will be determined
by communes (Gemeinde) according to the ma-
jority of the votes in each commune.
On the conclusion of the voting the num-
ber of votes ca?t in each commune will be
communicated by the Commission to th^ Prin-
cipal Allied and Associated Powers, with a
full report as to the taking of the, vote and
a recommendation as to the line which ought
to be adopted as the boundary of East Prus-
sia in this region. In this recommendation
regard will be pMd to the wishes of the in-
habitants as fhown by the vote and to the
geographical and economic conditions of the
locality. The Principal Allied and Associated
668
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Powers will then fix the frontier between East
Prussia and Poland in this region.
If the line fixed by the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers is such as to exclude from
East Prussia any part of the territory defined
in Article 94. the renunciation of its rights
by Germany 3n favour of Poland, at provided
in Article 87 above, will extend to the ter-
ritories BO excluded.
As soon as the line has been fixed by the
Principal Allied and Associated Powers, the
authorities administering- East Prussia will be
notified by the International Commission that
they are free to take over the administration
of the territory to the north of the line so
fixed, which they shall proceed to do within
one month of such notification and in the
manner prescribed by the Commission. Within
the same period and as prescribed by the
Commission, the Polish Government must pro-
ceed to take over the administration of the
territory to the south of the line. When the
administration of the territory by the East
Prussian and Polish authorities respectively
has been provided fpr. the powers of the
Commission will terminate.
Expenditure by the Commission, whether in
the discharge of its own functions or in the
administration of the territory, will be borne
by the local revenues. East Prussia will be
required to bear such proportion of any deficit
as may be fixed by the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers.
Article 96.
In the area comprising1 the Kreise of Stuhm
and Rosenberg: and the portion of the Kreis
of Marienburg which is situated east of the
Nogat and that of Marienwerder east of the
Vistula, the inhabitants will be called upon
to indicate by a vote, to be taken in each
commune (Gemeinde). whether they desire the
rarious communes situated in this territory
to belong" to Poland or to East Prussia.
Article 97.
The German troops and authorities will be
withdrawn from the area defined in Article 96
within a period not exceeding- fifteen days
after the coming1 into force of the present
Treaty. Until the evacuation is completed
they will abstain from all requisitions in
money or in kind and from all measures in-
jurious to the economic interests of the
country.
On the expiration of the above-mentioned
period, the said area will be placed under
the authority of an International Commission
of five members appointed by the Principal
Allied and Associated Powers. This Commis-
sion, supported if occasion arises by the neces-
sary forces, will have general powers of ad-
ministration and in particular will be charged
•with the duty of arranging for the vote and
ol taking1 such measures as it may deem neces-
sary to ensure its freedom, fairness and
secrecy. The Commission will conform as far
as possible to the provisions of the present
Treaty relating1 to the plebiscite in the Allen-
etein area: its decisions will be taken by a
majority.
Expenditure by the Commission, whether In
the discharge of its own functions or in the
administration of the territory, will be borne
by the local revenues.
On the conclusion of the voting1 the num-
ber of votes cast in each commune wi'l be
communicated by the Commission to the Prin-
cipal Allied and Associated Powers with a full
report as to the taking of the vote and a
recommendation as to the line which ought to
be adopted as the boundary of East Prus-
sia in this region. In this recommendation
regard will be paid to the wishes of the in-
habitants as shown by the vote ?nd to the
geographical and economic conditions of the
locality. The Principal Allied and Associated
Powers will then fix the frontier between East
Prussia and Poland in this region, leaving in
any case to Poland for the whole of the sec-
tion bordering on the Vistula lull and com-
plete control of the river including the east
bank as far east of the river as may be
necessary for its regulation and improve-
ment. Germany agrees that in any portion
of the said territory which remains German,
no fortifications shall at any time be erected.
The Principal Allied and Associated Powers
will at the same time draw UP regulations
for assuring to the population of East Prus-
sia to the fullest extent and under equitable
conditions access to the Vistula and the use
of it for themselves, their commerce and their
boats.
The determination of the frontier and the
foregoing regulations shall be binding upon
all the parties concerned. '
When the administration of the territory has
been taken over by the East Prussian and
Polish authorities respectively, the powers of
the Commission will terminate.
Article 98.
Germany and Poland undertake, within one
jear of the coming into force of the Treaty.
to enter into conventions of which the terms,
in case of difference, shall be settled by the
Council of the League of Nations, with the
object of securing, on the one hand to Ger-
many fuU and adequate railroad, telegraphic
and telephonic facilities for communication be-
tween the rest of Germany and East Prussia
over the intervening Polish territory, and on
the other hand to Poland full and adequate
railroad, telegraphic and telephonic facilities
lor communication between Poland and the
Free City of Danzig over any German territory
that may. on the right bank of the Vistula.
intervene between Poland and the Free City ol
Danzig.
Section X.
MEMEL.
Article 99.
Germany renounces in favour of the Prin-
cipal Allied and Associated Powers all rights
and title over the territories included between
ttia Baltic, the north-eastern frontier of East
Prussia as defined in Article 28 of Part II
(Boundaries of Germany) of the present
Treaty and the former frontier between Ger-
many and Russia.
Germany undertakes to accept the settle-
ment made by the Principal Allied and Asso-
ciat*d Powers in regard to these territories,
particularly in so far as concerns the nation-
ality of the inhabitants.
Section XI.
FREE CITY OF DANZIG.
Article 100.
Germany renounces in favour of the Prin-
cipal Allied and Associated Powers all rights
and title over the territory comprised within
the following limits:
from the Baltic sea southwards to the point
where the principal channels of navigation of
the Noarat and the Vistula (Weichsel) meet:
the boundary of East Prussia as described in
Article 28 of Part II (Boundaries of Germany)
of the present Treaty.
thence the principal of navigation of the
Vistuala downstream to a point about 6%
kilometres north of the bridge of Dirschau:
thence north-west to point 5. 1% kilometres
south-east of the church of Guttland.
• a line to be fixed on the ground:
thence In a general westerly direction to the
salient made by the boundary of the Kreis
of Berent 8# kilometres north-east of Scho-
a line to be fixed on the ground passing be-
tween Muhlbanz on the south and Ram-
beltsch on the north:
tiience the boundary of the Kreisi of Berent
westwards to the re-entrant which, it forma 6
kilometres north-north-west of Schoneck:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
669
thence to a point on the median line of
Lonkener See: ground passing
orth 'of NeuVand Schatarpi and south
Lonkener See to its
end of Pollenziner
nort
to
the present Treaty (Map No. d).
Article 101.
A Commission composed of three
the Principal Allied I and
as President one member av^w-""'^*
many and one membor appointed by
all be constituted
ing communal boundaries.
Article 102.
be placed under the protection of the League
of Nations.
A constitution for the Free City of Danzig1
shall be drawn UP by the duly appointed rep-
resentatives of the Free City in agreement
with a High Commissioner to be appointed by
the League of Nations. This constitution shall
be placed under the eruarantee of the League
°fThea High Commissioner will also be entrusted
with the duty of dealing in the first instance
with all differences arising between Poland and
the Free City of Danzig in regard to this
Treaty or any arrangements or agree
'"TheHSh'c^mmissioner ghall reside at Dan-
Zifir' Article 104.
The Principal Allied and Associated Powers
undertake to negotiate a Treaty between the
Polish Government and the Free City of Dan.
zig1. which shall come into force at the same
time as the establishment of the said Free
City, with the following objects:
(1) To effect the inclusion of the Free City
of Danzig within the Polish Customs fron-
tiers. and to establish a free area In the
P°(2) To ensure to Poland without any re-
striction the free use and service of all water-
ways. docks, basins, wharves and .other works
within the territory of the Free City necessary
for Polish imports and exports:
(3) To ensure to Poland the control and
administration of the Vistula rind of the whole
railway system within tha Free City, exeep
snch street and other railways as serve
primarily the need? of the Free City. and. of
postal telegraphic and telephonic commumoa-
ti^n between Poland and the port of Danzig;
(4> To enpure to Poland the right to de-
velop and improve the waterways, docks.
basins, wharves, railways and other works and
means of communication mentioned in this
Article, as well as to lease or purchase
through appropriate processes such land and
other property as may be necessary for these
purposes ;
(5) To provide against any discrimination
within the Free City of Danzig to the detri-
ment of citizens of Poland and other persona
of Polish origin or speech;
(6) To provide that the Polish Government
shall undertake the conduct of the foreign re-
lations of the Free City of Danzig as well as/
the diplomatic protection of citizens of that
city when abroad.
Article 105.
On the coming into force of the present
Treaty German nationals ordinarily resident
in the territory described in Article 100 will
ipso facto lose their German nationality in or-
der to become nationals of the Free City of
Danzig
Article 106.
Within a period of two years from the
coming into force of the present Treaty Ger-
man nationals over 18 years of age ordinarily
resident in the territory described in Article
100 will have the right to opt for German na-
tionality.
Option by a husband will cover his wife and
option by parents will cover their children
less than 18 years of age.
All persons who exercise the right of option
referred to above must during the ensuing-
twelve months transfer their place of resi-
dence to Germany.
These persons will be entitled to preserve
the immovable property possessed by them
in the territory of the Free City of D-nzig.
They may carry with them their movable
property of every description. No export or
import duties shall be imposed upon them
in this connection.
Article 107.
All property situated within the territory
of the Free City of Danzig belonging to the
German Empire or to any German State shall
pass to the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers for transfer to the Free City of Danzig1
or to the Polish State as they may consider
equitable.
Article 108.
The proportion and nature of the financial
liabilities of Germany and of Prussia to be
borne by the Free City of Danzig shall be
fixed in accordance with Article 254 o* Part
IX (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.
All other questions which may arise from
the cession of the territory referred to in
Article 100 shall be settled by furtl
ments.
urther agree-
Section XII.
SCHLF.SWTQ.
Article 109.
The frontier between Germany and Denmark
shall be fixed in conformity with the wishea
of the population.
For this purpose the population inhabiting
the territories of the former German Empire
situated to the north of a line from East to
West (shown by a brown line on the map No.
4, annexed to the present Treaty) :
leaving the Baltic Sea about 13 kilometres
east-north-east of Flensbunr,
running
south-west so as to pass south-east of: »y-
gum. Ringsberg. Munkbrarup. Adelby. Tastruo.
Jarolund. Oversee and north-west of: Lang1-
balligholz. Langballig. Bonstrup. Rullschau.
Weseby. Kleinwolstrup. Gross-Solt.
thence westwards passing south of Frorup
and north of Wanderup.
thence in a south-westerly direction. passing1
south -»ast of Oxlund. Stieglund and Oatenau
and north-west of the villages on the Wan-
derup-Kollund road.
570
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
thence in a north-westerly direction, passim?
south-west of Lowenstedt. Joldelund. Golde
lund and north-east of Kolkerheide and Ho
g-el to the bend of the Soholmer An, about 1
kilometre east of Soholm, where it meets the
southern boundary of the Kreis of Tondern.
following this boundary to the North Sea
passing south of the islands of Fohr aut
Amrum and north of the islands of Oland am
.Langeness.
shall be called upon to pronounce by a vote
which will be taken under the following con
ditions :
(1) Within a period not exceeding ten days
from the coming into force of the present
Treaty, the German troops and authorities
(including the Oberprasidenten. Regierungs-
prasidenten. JLandrathe, Amtsvorsteher, Ober-
burgermeister) shall evacuate the zone lying
to the north of the line above fixed.
Within the same period the Workmen's and
Soldiers' Councils which have been constituted
in this zone shall be dissolved: members of
Such Councils who are natives of another re-
Ifion and are exercising their functions at the
date of the coming into force of the present
Treaty or who have gone out of office since
March 1. 1919. shall also be evacuated.
'ihe said zone shall immediately be placed
tinder the authority of an International Com-
mission, composed of five members, of whom
three will be designated by the Principal Al-
lied and Associated Powers: the Norwegian
and Swedish Governments will each be re-
quested to designate a member: in the event
of their failing to do so these two members
•will be chosen by the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers.
The Commission, assisted in case of need
by the necessary forces, shall have genera
powers of administration. In particular it
shall at once provide for filling- the places of
the evacuated German authorities, and if nec-
essary shall itself give orders for their evac-
uation, and proceed to fill the places of such
local authorities as may be required. It shall
take all steps which it thinks proper to in-
sure the freedom, fairness and secrecy of the
vote. It shall be assisted by German and
Danish technical advisers chosen by it from
among the local population. Its decisions will
be taken by a majority.
One-half of the expenses of the Commis-
sion and of the expenditure occasioned by the
plebiscite shall be paid by Germany.
(2) The right to vote shall be given to all
persons, without distinction of sex. who:
(a) Have completed their twentieth year at
the date of the coming into force of the pres-
ent Treaty: and
(b) Were born in the zone in "which the
plebiscite is taken, or have been domiciled
there since a date before January 1. 1900. or
had been expelled by the German authorities
•without havinsr retained their domicile there.
Every person will vote in the commune
(Gemeinde) where he is domiciled or of which
he is a native.
Military persons, officers, non-commissioned
officers and soldiers of the German army, -who
are natives of the zone of Schleswig in which
the plebiscite is taken, shall be given the op-
portunity to return to their native place in
order to take part in the voting there.
(3) In the section of the evacuated zone
lying to the north of a line, from East to
West (shown by a red line on map No. 4
which ie annexed to the present Treaty) :
passing south of the island of Alsen and fol-
lowing the median line of Flensburg Fjord.
leaving the fjord about 6 kilometres north
of Flensburg and following the course of the
stream flowing past Kupfermahle upstream to
a point north of Niehuus.
passing north of Pattburg and Ellund and
south of Froslee to meet the eastern bound-
ary of the Kreis of Tondern at its junction
•with, the boundary between the old jurisdic-
following the latter boundary to where it
meets the Scheidebek.
following the course of the Scheidebek (Alt*
Au). Suder Au and Wied Au downstream suc-
cessively to fhe point where the latter bends
northwards about 1,500 metres west of Rutte-
bull,
thence, in a west-north-westerly direction to
meet the North Sea north of Sieltoft.
thence, passing north of the island of Sylt:
the vote above provided for shall be taken
within a period not exceeding three weeks
after the evacuation of the country by the
German troops and authorities.
The result will be determined by the major-
ity of votes cast in the whole of this sec-
tion. This result will be immediately commu-
nicated by the Commission to the Principal
Allied and Associated Powers and proclaimed.
If the vote results in favour of the reincor-
poration of this territory in the Kingdom of
Denmark, the Danish Government in agreement
with the Commission will be entitled to effect
its occupation with their military and ad-
ministrative authorities immediately after the
proclamation.
(4) In the section of the evacuated zone
situated to the south of the preceding section
and to the north of the line which starts
from the Baltic Sea 13 kilometres from Flens-
burg and ends north of the islands of Oland
and Langeness. the vote will be taken within
a period not exceeding five weeks after the
plebiscite shall have been held in the first
section.
The result will be determined by commune*
(Gemeinden). in accordance -with the majority
of the votes cast in each commune (Ge-
meinde) .
Article 110.
Pending a delimitation on the spot, a fron-
tier line will be fixed by the Principal Allied
and Associated Powers according to a line
based on the result of the voting, and pro-
posed by the International Commission, and
taking into account the particular geograph-
ical and economic conditions of the localities
in question.
From that time the Danish Government may
effect the occupation of these territories with
the Danish civil and military authorities, and
the German Government may reinstate up to
the said frontier line the German civil and
military authorities whom it has evacuated.
Germany hereby renounces definitely in fa-
vour of the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers all rights of sovereignty over the ter-
ritories situated to the north of the frontier
line fixed in accordance with the above pro-
visions. The Principal Allied and Associ-
ated Powers will hand over the said territo-
ries to Denmark.
Article 111.
A Commission composed of seven members,
five of whom shall be nominated by the
Principal Allied and Associated Powers, one
jy Denmark, and one by Germany, shall be
constituted within fifteen days f^om the date
when the final result of the vote is known,
,o trace the frontier line on the epot.
The decisions of the Commission will b«
aken by a majority of votes and shall \M
winding on the parties concerned.
Article lit.
All the inhabitants of the territory -which la
returned to Denmark will acquire Danish na-
tionality ipso facto, and will lose their Ger-
man nationality.
Persons, however, who had become habitu-
ally resident in this territory after October 1.
.918. will not be able to acquire Danish na-
lonality without permission from the Danith
Government.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
671
Article 113.
Within two years from the date on which
the sovereignty over the whole or part of the
territory of Schleswig subjected to the plebi-
scite is restored to Denmark:
Any person over 18 years of age, born in
the territory restored to Denmark, not habitu-
ally resident in this region, and possessing
German nationality, will be entitled to opt for
Denmark ;
Any person over 18 years of age habitually
resident in the territory restored to Denmark
Will be entitled to opt for Germany.
Option by a husband -will cover his wife
and option by parents will cover their chil
dren less than 38 years of age.
Persons who have exercised the above right
to opt must within the ensuing twelve months
transfer their place of residence to the State
in favour of which they have opted.
They will be entitled to retain the immov-
able property winch they own in the territory
of the other State in which they were habitu-
ally resident before opting. They may carry
with them their movable property of every
description. No export or import duties may
be imposed upon them in connection with the
removal of such property.
Article Ilk.
The proportion and nature of the financial
Or other obligations of Germany and Prussia
which are to be assumed by Denmark will be
fixed in accordance with Article 254 of Part
IX (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.
Further stipulations will determine any
Other questions arising out of the transfer to
Denmark of the whole or part of the terri-
tory ^of which she was deprived by the
Treaty of October 30. 1864.
Section XIII.
i HELIGOLAND.
Article 115.
The fortifications, milltaf? establishments,
and harbours of the Islands of Heligoland and
Dune shall be destroyed under the supervision
of the Principal Allied Governments by Ger-
man labour and at the expense of Germany
within a period to be determined by the said
Governments.
The term "harbours" shall include the north-
east mole, the west wall, the outer and inner
breakwaters and reclaimed land within them,
end all naval and military works, fortifications
and buildings, constructed or under construc-
tion, between lines connecting the following
positions taken from the British Admiralty
chart No. 126 of April 19. 1918.
(a) lat. 54° 10' 49" N.: long. 7° 53' 39" E.
(b) lat. 54° 10' 35" N.: long. 7° 54' 18" E.
(c) lat. 54° 10' 14" N.: long. 7° 54' 00" E.
<d) lat. 54° 10' 17" N.: long. 7° 53' 37" E.
(e) lat. 54° 10' 44" N.: long. 7° 53' 26" E.
These fortifications, military establishments
and harbours shall not be reconstructed nor
shall any similar works be constructed in
future.
Section XIV.
RUSSIA AND RUSSIAN STATES.
Article 116.
Germany acknowledges and agrees to respect
as permanent and inalienable the independence
of all the territories which were part of the
former Russian Empire on August 1. 1914.
In accordance with the provisions of Article
259 of Part IX (Financial Clauses) and Arti-
cle 292 of Part X (Economic Clauses) Ger-
many accepts definitely the abrogation of the
Breut-Litovsk Treaties and of all other treaties,
conventions and agreements entered into by
her with the Maximalist Government in Rus-
sia.
The Allied and Associated Powers formally
reserve the rights of Russia to obtain from
Germany restitution and reparation based on
the principles of the present Treaty.
Article 117.
Germany undertakes to recognise the full
force of all treaties or agreements which may
be entered into by the Allied and Associated
Powers with States now existing or coming
into existence in future in the whole or part
of the former Empire of Russia as it existed
on August 1. 1914. and to recognise the fron-
tiers of any such States as determined therein.
Part IV.
GERMAN EIGHTS AND INTERESTS OUT-
SIDE GERMANY.
Article 118.
In territory outside her European frontier*
as fixed by the present Treaty, Germaey re-
nounces all rights, titles and privileges what-
ever in or over territory which belonged to
her or to her allies, and all rights, titles and
privileges whatever their origin which she
held as against the Allied and Associated
Powers.
Germany hereby undertakes to recognise and
to conform to the measures which may be
taken now or in the future by the Principal
Allied and Associated Powers, in agreement
where necessary with third Powers, in order
to carry the above stipulation into effect.
In particular Germany declares her accept-
ance of the following Articles relating to cer-
tain special subjects.
Section 1.
GERMAN COLONIES.
Article 119.
Germany renounces in favour of tile Prin-
cipal Allied and Associated Powers all her
rights and titles over her oversea possessions.
Article 119.
All movable and immovable property in BUch
territories belonging to the German Empire
or to any German State shall pass to the Gov-
ernment exercising authority over such ter-
ritories, on the terms laid down in Article
257 of part IX (Financial Clauses) of the
present Treaty. The decision of the local
courts in any dispute as to the nature ol
such property shall be final.
Article 121.
The provisions of Sections I and IV of Part
X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty
shall apply in the case of these territories
whatever be the form of Government adopted
for them.
Article 182.
The Government exercising authority over
such territories may make such provision» ag
it thinks fit with reference to the repatriation
from them of German nationals and to the
conditions upon which German subjects of
European origin shall, or shall not, be al-
lowed to reside, hold property, trade or exer-
cise a profession in them.
Article 12S.
The provisions of Article 260 of Part EC
(Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty
shall apply in the case of all agreement*
concluded with German nationals for the con-
struction or exploitation of public works in
:he German oversea possessions, as well a*
any sub-concessions or contracts resulting
therefrom which may have been made to or
with such nationals.
Article IB}.
Germany hereby undertakes to Pay, in ac-
cordance with the estimate to be presented
by the French Government and apprpved by
he Reparation Commission, reparation for
damage suffered by French nationals in the
Jameroons or the frontier zone by reason of
the acts of the German civil and military
authorities and of German private individuals
during the period from January 1. 1900, to
August 1. 1914.
572
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Article 125.
Germany renounces all rights under the Con-
ventions and Agreements with France of No-
vember 4. 1911, and September 28. 1912. re-
lating- to Equatorial Africa. She undertakes
to pay to the French Government, in accord-
ance with the estimate to be presented by
that Government and approved by the Repara-
tion Commission, all the deposits, credits, ad-
vances, etc.. effected by virtue of these in-
struments in favour of Germany.
Article 126.
Germany undertakes to accept and observe
the agreements made or to be made by the
Allied and Associated Powers or some of them
with any other Power with regard to the
trade in arms and spirits, and to the matters
dealt with in the General Act of Berlin of
February 26, 1885. the General Act of Brus-
sels of July 3. 1890. and the conventions com-
Dieting1 or modifying- the same.
Article 127.
The native inhabitants of the former Ger-
man oversea possessions shall be entitled to
the diplomatic protection of the Government
exercising1 authority over those territories.
Section II.
CHINA.
Article 128.
Germany renounces in favour of China all
benefits and privileges resulting from the pro-
visions of the final Protocol signed at Peking
on September 7. 1901. and from all annexes,
notes and documents supplementary thereto.
She likewise renounces in favour of China
any claim to indemnities accruing- thereunder
subsequent to March 14. 1917.
Article 129.
From the coming into force of the present
Treaty the High Contracting Parties shall ap-
ply, in so far as concerns them respectively:
(1) The Arrangement of August 29. 1902.
regarding the new Chinese customs tariff;
(2) The Arrangement of September 27.
1905, regarding Whang--Poo. and the pro-
visional supplementary Arrangement otf April
4. 1912.
China, however, will no longer be bound to
grrant to Germany the advantages or privileges
which she allowed Germany under these Ar-
rangements.
Article ISO.
' Subject to the provisions of Section Vin ol
this Part. Germany cedes to China all the build-
ings, wharves and pontoons, barracks, forts,
arms and munitions of war, vessels of all
kinds, wireless telegraphy installations and
other public property belonging to the German
Government, which are situated or may be in
the German Concessions at Tientsin and Han-
kow or elsewhere in Chinese 'territory.
It is understood, however, that premises
nsed as diplomatic or consular residences or
offices are not included in the above cession,
and. furthermore, that no steps shall be taken
by the Chinese Government to dispose of the
German public and private property situated
within the so-called Legation Quarter at Pe-
king without the consent of the Diplomatic
JfcCepresentatives of the Powers which, on the
coming- into force of the present Treaty, re-
main Parties to the Final Protocol of Sep-
tember 7. 1901.
Article 131.
Germany undertakes to restore to China
within twelve months from the coming into
force of the present Treaty all the astronomi-
cal instruments which her troops in 1900-1901
carried aw.ay from China, and to defray all
expenses which may be incurred in effecting
such restoration, including the expenses of
dismounting, packing, transporting, insurance
and installation in Peking.
Article 132.
Germany agrees to the abrogation of the
leases from the Chinese Government under
which the German Concessions at Hankow and
Tientsin are now held.
China, restored to the full exercise of her
sovereign rights in the above areas, declares
her intention of opening them to international
residence and trade. She further declares that
the abrogation of the leases under which
these concessions are now held shall not affect
the property rights of nationals of Allied and
Associated Powers who are holders of lots in
these concessions.
Article IS 3.
Germany waives all claims against the
Chinese Government or against any Allied or
Associated Government arising out of the in-
ternment of German nationals in China and
their repatriation. She equally renounces all
claims arising out of th.3 capture and con-
demnation of German ships in China, or the
liquidation, sequestration or control of Ger-
man properties, rights a.nd interests in that
country since August 14. 1917. This provi-
sion, however, shall not affect the rights of
the parties interested in th^ proceeds of any
such liqindation. which sh^ll be governed by
the provisions of Part X (Economic Clauses)
of the present Treaty.
Article IS*.
Germany renounces in favour of the Gov-
ernment of His Britannic Majesty the German
State property in the British Concession at
Shameen at Canton. She renounces in favour
of the French and Chinese Governments con-
jointly the property of the German school
situated in the French Concession at Shanghai.
Section III.
SIAM.
Article 135.
Germany recognises that all treaties, con-
ventions and agreements between her and
Siam. and all rights, title and privileges de-
rived therefrom, including all rights of ex-
traterritorial jurisdiction, terminated as from
July 22. 1917.
Article 136.
All goods and property in Siam belonging:
to the German Empire or to any German
Staite, with the exception of premises used
as diplomatic or consular residences or offices,
pass ipso facto and without compensation to
the Siamese Government.
The goods, property and private fights of
German nationals in Siam shall be dealt with
in accordance with the provisions of Part X
(Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty.
Article 137.
Germany waives all claims against the Si-
amese Government on behalf of herself or
her nationals arising out of the seizure or con-
demnation of German ships, the liquidation
of German property, or the internment of Ger-
man nationals in Siam. This provision shall
not affect the rights of the parties interested
in the proceeds ol any such liquidation, which
shall be governed by the provisions of Part
X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty.
Section IV.
LIBERIA.
Article 138.
Germany renounces all rights and privileges
arising from the arrangements of 1911 and
1912 regarding Liberia, and particularly the
right to nominate a German Receiver of Cus-
;oms in Liberia.
She further renounces all claim to partici-
pate in any measures whatsoever which may
be adopted for the rehabilitation of Liberia.
Article 139.
Germany recognizes that all treaties and
arrangements between her and Liberia termi-
nated as from August 4. 1917.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
673
Article HO.
The property, rights and interests of Ger-
mans in Liberia shall be dealt with in accord-
ance with Part X (Economic Clauses) of the
present Treaty.
Section V.
MOROCCO.
Article HI.
Germany renounces all rights, titles and priv-
ileges conferred on her by the General Act of
Algeciras of April 7. 1906. and by the
Franco-German Agreements of February 9,
1909, and November 4. 1911. All treaties,
agreements, arrangements and contracts con-
cluded by her with the Sherifian Empire are
regarded as abrogated as from August 3. 1914.
In np case can Germany take advantage of
these instruments and she undertakes not to
intervene in any way in negotiations relating
to Morocco which may take place between
France and the other Powers.
Article 142.
Germany having recognized the French Pro-
tectorate in Morocco, hereby accepts all the
consequences of its establishment, and she re-
nounces the regime of the capitulations
therein.
This renunciation shall take effect as from
August 3, 1914.
Article 14S.
The Sherifian Government shall have com-
plete liberty of action in regulating the status
of German nationals in Morocco and the condi-
tions in which they may establish themselves
th're.
German protected persons, semsars and "as-
eocies agricoles" shall be considered as having-
ceased, a-s from August 3, 1914. to enjoy the
privileges attached 10 their status and shall
be subject to the ordinary law.
Article 144.
All property and possessions in the Sherifian
Empire of the German Empire and the German
States pass to the Maghzen without payment.
For this purpose, the property and posses-
sions of the German Empire and States shall
be deemed to include all the property of the
Crown, the Empire or the States, and the
private property of the former German Em-
peror and other Royal personages.
All movable and immovable property in the
Sherifian Empire belonging to German nation-
als shall be dealt with in accordance with
Sections III and IV of Pnrt X (Economic
Clauses) of tKe present Treaty.
Mining- rights which may be recognised as
belonging to German nationals by the Court of
Arbitration set up under the Moroccan Mining
Regulations shall form the subjpct of a valua-
tion, which the arbitrators shall be requested
to make, and these rights shall then be treated
in the same way as property in Morocco be-
longing to German nationals.
Article 145.
The German Government shall ensure the
transfer to a person nominated by the French
Government of the shares representing Ger-
many's portion of the capital of the State
Bank of Morocco. The value of these shares,
as assessed by the Reparation Commission,
shall be paid to the Reparation Commission for
the credit of Germany on account of the
suras due for reparation. The German Gov-
ernment shall be responsible for indemnifying
its nationals so dispossessed.
This transfer will take place without preju-
dice to the repayment of debts which German
nationals may have contracted towards the
State Bank of Morocco.
Article 146.
. Moroccan goods entering Germany shall en-
joy the treatment accorded to French goods.
Section1 VI.
EGYPT.
Article 147.
Germany declares that she recognises the
Protectorate proclaimed over Egypt by Great
Britain on December 18. 1914, and that she
renounces the regime of the Capitulations in
Egypt.
This renunciation shall take effect as from
August 4. 1914.
Article 148.
All treaties, agreements, arrangements and
contracts concluded by Germany with Egypt
are regarded as abrogated as from August 4,
1914.
In no case can Germany avail herself of v
these instruments and she undertakes not to
intervene in any way in negotiations relating
to Egypt which may take place between
Great Britain and the other Powers.
Article U9.
Until an Egyptian law of judicial organiza-
tion establishing courts with universal juris-
diction comes into force, provision shall be
made, by means of decrees issued by His
Highness the Sultan, for the exercise of juris-
diction over German nationals and property
by the British Consular Tribunals.
Article 150.
The Egyptian Government shall have com-
plete liberty of action in regulating the status
of German nationals and the conditions un-
der which they may establish themselves in
Egypt.
Article 151.
Germany consents to the abrogation of the
decree issued by His Highness the Khedive on
November '28, 1904, relating to the Commis-
sion of the Egyptian Public Debt, or to such
changes as the Egyptian Government may
think it desirable to make therein.
Article 152.
Germany consents, in so far as she is con-
cerned, to the transfer to His Britannic Maj-
esty's Government of the powers conferred
on His Imperial Majesty the Sultan by the
Convention signed at Constantinople on Oc-
tober 29. 1888. relating to the free navigation
of the Suez Canal.
She renounces all participation in the San-
itary. Maritime, and Quarantine Board of
Egypt and consents, in so far as she is con-
cerned, to the transfer to the Egyptian Au-
thorities of the powers of that Board.
Article 159.
All property and possessions in Egypt of
the German Empire and the German States
pass to the Egyptian Government without pay-
ment.
For this purpose, the property and posses-
sions of the German Empire and States shall
be deemed to include all the property of the
Crown, the Empire or the States, and the
private property of the former German Em-
peror and other Royal personages.
All movable and immovable property in
Egypt belonging to German nationals shall be
dealt with in accordance with Sections III and
IV of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the
present Treaty.
Article 154.
Egyptian goods entering Germany shall en-
joy the treatment accorded to British goods.
Section VII.
TURKEY AND BULGARIA.
Article 155.
Germany undertakes to recognise and accept
all arrangements which the Allied and As-
sociated Powers may make with Turkey and
Bulgaria with reference to any rights, inter-
ests and privileges whatever which might
be claimed by Orermany or her nationals in
574
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Turkey and Bulgaria and which are not dealt
with in the provisions of the present Treaty.
Section VIII.
SHANTUNG.
Article 156.
Germany renounces, in favour of Japan, all
her rights, title and privileges— particularly
those concerning1 the territory of Kiaochow,
railways, mines and submarine cables — which
she acquired in virtue of the Treaty concluded
bv her with China on March 6. 1898. and of
all other arrangements relative to the Province
of Shantung.
All German rights in the Tsingtao-Tsinanfu
Railway, including its branch lines, together
with its subsidiary property of all kinds, sta-
tions. shops, fixed and rolling- stock, mines,
riant and material for the exploitation of the
mines. yre and remain acquired by Japan, to-
gether with all rights and privileges attaching
thereto.
The German State submarine cables from
Tsingtao tp Shanghai and from Tsingtao to
Chefoo, with all the rights, privileges and
properties attaching thereto, are similarly ac-
quired by Japan, free and clear of alV charges
and incumbrances.
Article 157.
The movable and immovable property owned
by the German State in the territory of Kiao-
chow. as well as all the rights which Ger-
many might claim in consequence .of the
works or improvements made or of the ex-
penses incurred by her. directly or indirectly.
in connection with this territory, are and re-
main acquired by Japan, free and clear of
all charges and incumbrances.
Article 158.
Germany shall hand over to Japan within
three months from the coming into force of
the present Treaty the archives, registers.
plans, title-deeds and documents of every kind.
wherever they may be. relating to the admin-
istration. whether civil, military, financial, ju-
dicial or other, of the territory of Kiaochow.
Within the same period Germany shall give
particulars to Japan of all treaties, arrange-
ments or agreements relating to the rights.
title or privileges referred to in the two pre-
ceding articles.
MILITARY. NAVAL AND AIR CLAUSES.
In order tp render possible the initiation of a
general limitation of the armaments of all
nations Germany undertakes strictly to ob-
serve the military, naval and air clauses which
follow.
Section I.
MILITARY CLAUSES.
Chapter I.
Effectives and Cadres of the German Army.
Article 159.
The German military forces shall be demo-
bilized and reduced as prescribed hereinafter.
Article 160.
(1) By a date which must not be later
than March 31. 1920. the German Army must
not comprise more than seven divisions of in-
fantry and three divisions of cavalry.
After that date the total number of effec-
tives in the Army of the States constituting
Germany must not exceed one hundred thousand
men. including officers and establishments of
depots. The Army shall be devoted exclusive-
ly to the maintenance of order within the ter-
ritory and to the control of the frontiers.
The total effective strength of officers, in-
cluding the personnel of staffs, whatever
their composition, must not exceed four thou-
sand.
(2) Divisions and Army Corps headquarters
starts shall be organised in accordance with
Table No. I annexed at this Section.
. The number and strength of the units of
infantry, artillery, engineers, technical serv-
ices and troops laid down in the aforelaid T!-
c,on,stitute maxima which must not be
6XC66QCCI.
The following units may each have their
own depot :
An Infantry regiment:
A Cavalry regiment:
A regiment of Field Artillery;
A battalion of Pioneers.
(3) The divisions must not be grouped un-
der more than two army corps headquarters
The maintenance or formation of forces dif-
ferently grouped or of other organisations for
the command of troops or for preparation for
war is forbidden.
.The Great German General Staff and all
similar organisations shall be dissolved and
may not be reconstituted in any form.
Ihe officers, or persons in the position of
officers, in the Ministries of War in the differ-
ent States in Germany and in the Administra-
tions attached to them, must not exceed three
hundred in number and are included in the
maximum strength of four thousand laid down
in the third sub-paragraph of paragraph (1)
of this Article.
Article 161.
Army administrative service consisting of
civilian personnel not included in the number
of effectives prescribed by the present Treaty
will have such personnel reduced in each
gass to one-tenth of that laid down in the
udget of 1913.
Article 162.
^The, number of employees or officials of
the German States, such as customs officers,
forest guards and coastguards, shall not ex-
ceed that of the employees or officials func-
tioning in these capacities in 1913.
The number of gendarmes -and employees or
officials of the local or municipal police may
only be increased to an extent corresponding
tp the increase of population since 1913 in the
districts or municipalities in which they are
employed.
These employees and officials may not be as-
sembled for military training.
Article 16S.
The reduction of the strength of the Ger-
man military forces as provided for in Arti-
cle 160 may be effected gradually in the fol-
lowing manner:
Within three months from the coming into
force of the present Treaty the total number
of effectives must be reduced to 200.000 and
the number of units must not exceed twice
the number of those laid down in Article 160.
At the expiration of this period, and at the
end of each subsequent period of three
months, a Conference of military experts of
the Principal Allied and Associated Powers
will fix the reductions to be made in the en-
suing three months, so that by March 31.
1920. at the latest the total number of Ger-
man effectives does not exceed the maximum
number of 100.000 men laid down in Article
160. In these successive reductions the same
ratio between the number of officers and of
men. and between the various kinds of units,
shall be maintained as is laid down in that
Article.
Chapter II.
Armament, Munitions and Material.
Article 161,.
Up till the time at which Germany is ad-
mitted as a member of the League of Nations
the German Army must not possess an arma-
ment greater than the amounts fixed in Table
No. II annexed to this Section, with the ex-
ception of an optional incense not exceeding1
one-twenty-fifth part for small arms and one-
fiftieth part for guns, which shall be exclU'
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
675
sively used to provide for such eventual re-
placements as may be necesary.
Germany agrees that after she has become
a member of the League of Nations the arma-
ments fixed in the said Table shall remain in
force until they are modified by the Council
of the Leagrue. Furthermore she hereby agrees
strictly to observe the decisions of the Coun-
cil of the League on this subject.
Article 165.
The maximum number of guns, machine
guns, trench-mortars, rifles and the amount of
ammunition and equipment which Germany is
allowed to maintain during the period between
the coming into force of the present Treaty
and the date of March 31, 1920, referred to
in Article 160, shall bear the same propor-
tion to the amount authorized in Table No.
Ill annexed to this Section as 'the strength
of the German Army as reduced from time
to time in accordance with Article 163 bears
to the strength permitted under Article 160.
Article 166.
At the date of March 31, 1920. the stock
of munitions which the German Army may
have at its disposal shall not exceed the
amounts fixed in Table No. Ill annexed to this
Section.
Withip the same period the German Govern-
ment will store these stocks at points to be
notified to the Governments of the Principal
Allied and Associated Powers. The German
Government is forbidden to establish any other
stocks, deposits or reserves of munitions.
Article 167.
The r.umber and calibre of the guns consti-
tuting at the date of the coming- into force of
the present Treaty the armament of the forti-
fied works, fortresses, and any land or coast
forts which Germany is allowed to retain must
be notified immediately by the German Gov-
emment to the Governments of the Principal
Allied and Associated Powers, and will consti-
tute maximum amounts which may not be
exceeded
Within two months from the coming1 into
force of the present Treaty, the maximum
stock of ammunition for these guns will be re-
duced to, and maintained at. the following
uniform rates :— fifteen hundred rounds per
piece for those the calibre of which is 10.5
cm. and under: five hundred rounds per piece
for those of higher calibre.
Article 168.
The manufacture of arms, munitions, or any
war material, shall only be carried out in
factories or works the location of which shall
be communicated to and approved by the Gov-
ernments of the Principal Allied and Associat-
ed Powers, and the number of which they
retain the right to restrict.
Within three months from the coming into
force of the present Treaty, all other estab-
lishments for the manufacture, preparation,
storage or design of arms, munitions, or any
war material whatever shall be closed down.
The sf.me applies to all arsenals except those
used as depots for the authorised stocks of
munitions. Within the same period the per-
sonnel oi these arsenals will be dismissed.
Article 169.
Within two months from the coming into
force of the present Treaty German arms, mu-
nitions and war material, including- anti-air-
craft material, existing in Germany in excess
of the quantities allowed must be surr^nderpd
to the Governments of the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers to be destroyed or rendered
useless. This will also apply to any special
plant intended for the manufacture of mili-
tary material except such as may be recog-
nised as necessary for equipping the authorised
strength of the German ?miy.
The surrender in question will be effected
at such points in German territory as may
be selected by the said Governments.
r thei same, Period arms, munitions and
war mr.terial. including antiaircraft material
of origin other than German, in whatever state
they may be will be delivered to the said Gov-
ernments. who will decide as to their disposal
Arms and munitions which on account of
the successive reductions in the strength of
the German army become in excess of the
amounts authorised by Tabled II and III an°
nexed to this Section must be handed over in
manner laid down above within such
by the
Article 170.
Importation into Germany of arms mu-
of eveiy *** shai1
The same applies to the manufacture for/
and export to. foreign countries of arma. mu-
nitions and war material of every kind
Article 171.
The use of asphyxiating, poisonous or other
gases and all analogous liquids, materials or
devices being prohibited, their manufacture.
and importation are strictly forbidden in Ger-
many.
* T£*, same applies to materials specially in-
tended for the manufacture, storage and use
of the said products or devices.
The manufacture and the importation into
Germany of armoured cars, tanks and all simi-
lar constructions suitable for use in war ar«
also prohibited.
Article 172.
Within a period of three months from the
coming into force of the present Treaty, the
G-rman Government will disclose to the Gov-
ernments of the Principal Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers the nature and mode of manu-
facture of all explosives, toxic substances or
other like chemical preparations used by them
in the war or prepared by them for the pur-
pose of being- so used.
Chapter III.
Recruiting and Military Training.
Article 17S.
Universal compulsory military service shall
be abolished in Germany.
The German Army may only be constituted
and recruited by means of voluntary enlist-
ment.
Article 174.
The period of enlistment for non-commis-
sioned officer? and privates must be twelve
consecutive years.
The number of men discharged for any rea-
son before the expiration of their term of en-
listment must not exceed in any year 5 per
cent, of the total effectives fixed by the second
sub-paragraph of paragraph (1) of Article
160 of the present Treaty
Article 175.
The officers who are retained in the Armv
must undertake the obligation to serve in it
UP to the a?,1 of forty-five years at least.
Officers newly appointed must undertake to
serve on the active list for twenty-five con-
secutive years at least.
Officers who have previously belonged to anr
formations whatever of the Army, and who
are not retained in the units allowed to be
maintained, must not take part in any mili-
tary exercise whether theoretical or practical
and will not be under any military obliea-
tions whatever.
The number of officers discharged for any
reason before the expiration of their term of
service must not exceed in any yepr five per
C^*A 2f *^e *total effectives of officers pro-
ArrV°irftnn lhev third sub-paragraph (1) of
Article 160 of the prpspnt Treaty.
Article 176
On the expiration of two months from th«
coming into force of the present Treaty there
676
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
must only exist in Germany the number of
military schools which is absolutely indispen-
sable for the recruitment of the officers of the
units allowed. These schools will be exclu-
sively intended for the recruitment of officers
of each arm. in the proportion of one school
per arm.
The number of students admitted to attend
the courses of the said schools will be strictly
in proportion to the vacancies to be filled in
the cadres of officers. The students and the
cadres will be reckoned in the effectives fixed
by the second and third sub-paragraphs of par-
agraph (1) of Article 160 of the present
Treaty.
Consequently, and during- the period fixed
above, all military academies or similar insti-
tutions in Germany, as well as the different
military schools for officers, student officers
(Aspiranten), cadets, non-commissioned offi-
cers or student non-commissioned officers
(Aspiranten), other thnn the schools above
provided for. will be abolished.
Article 177.
Educational establishments, the -universities,
societies of discharged soldiers, shooting- or
touring- clubs and. generally speaking, associa-
tions of every description, whatever be the
age of their members, must not occupy them-
selves with any military matters.
In particular they will be forbidden to in-
struct or exercise their members, or to allow
them to be instructed or exercised, in the pro-
fession, or use of arms.
These societies, associations, educational es-
tablishments and universities must have no
connection with the Ministries of War or any
other military authority.
Article 178.
All measures of mobilisation or appertain-
ing- to mobilisation are forbidden.
In no case must formations, administrative
services or General Staffs include supplemen-
tary cadres.
Article 179.
Germany agrees, from the coming into force
of the present Treaty, not to accredit nor to
send to any foreign country any military,
naval or air mission, nor to allow any such
mission to leave her territory, and Germany
further agrees to take appropriate measures
to prevent German nationals from leaving hei
territory to become enrolled in the Army,
Navy or Air Service of any foreign Power,
or to be attached to such Army. Navy or
Air service for the purpose of assisting- in
the military, naval or air training thereof, or
otherwiso for the purpose of giving military,
naval or air instruction in any foreign coun-
try.
The Allied and Associated Powers agree, so
far as they are concerned, from the coming
into force of the present Treaty, not to en-
rol in nor to attach to their armies or
naval or air forces any German national
for the purpose of assisting in the military
training of such armies or naval or air forces,
or otherwise to employ any such German
nation3l as military, naval or aeronautic in-
structor.
The present provision does not. however.
affect the right of France to recruit for the
Foreign Legion in ?ceo*-dpnce with French
military laws and reg-ulations.
Chapter IV.
Fortifications.
Article 180.
All fortified works, fortresses and field works
situated in German territory to the west of
a line drawn fiity kilometres to the east of
the Rhine shall be disarmed and dismantled.
Within a period of two months from the
coming into force of the present Treaty such
of the above fortified works, fortresses and
field works as are situated in territory not
ig^^jsteunettsatt
four months they shall be dismanti^ Those
Table No. I.
State and Establishment of Armii /*/„.„,
Headquarters Staffs andoflffantn**
and Cavalry Division. injanlry
I.-Army Corps Headquarters Staffs.
Maxi- Maximum
mm strengths
Army
ters Sta
Total for Headquar-
ters Staffs
30
1'50
........... 60 300
II.— Establishment of an Infantry Division
Maximum Maximum
No of such strengths
e ~~°f Cach unit~
Ofl5oers-
sional infantry .
Headquarters of divi-
sional artillery
Regiment of infantry. !
(Each regiment com-
prises 3 battalions
of infantry Each
battalion comprises
3 companies of in-
fantry and 1 ma-
chine gun com-
pany.)
Trench mortar company
Divisional squadron. . .
Field artillery regiment
(Each regiment com-
prises 3 groups of
artillery. Each
group comprises 3
batteries.)
Pioneer battalion
(This battalion com-
prises 2 companies
of pioneers. 1 pon-
toon detachment.
1 searchlight sec-
tion.)
Signal detachment
(This detachment
comprises 1 tele-
phone detachment,
1 listening section.
1 carrier pigeon
section.)
Divisional medical serv-
ice
Parks and convoys
70
V
,~
,
2 Son
3.300
4 i.f°
'18
00
Total for infantry
division
409
12 300
20 400
14 800
410 10.83f
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920,
577
III.— Establishment of a Cavalry Division.
Maximum Maximum
No. of such strengths
units in — of each unit —
„ ., ' a single N. C. O.'s
Unit. division. Officers, and men
Headquarters of a cav-
alry division 1 15 50
Cavalry regiment 6 40 800
(Each regiment com-
prises 4 squadrons.)
Horse artillery group
(3 batteries) 1 20 400
Total for
division .
cavalry
275 5.250
man Navy, including- the manning- of the fleet,
coast defences, signal stations, administration
and other land services, must not exceed fif-
teen thousand, including officers and men of
all grades and corps.
The total strength of officers and warrant
officers must not exceed fifteen hundred.
Within two months from the coming into
force of the present Treaty the personnel in
excess of the above strength shall be demo-
bilized.
No naval or military corps or reserve force
in connection with the Navy may be organ-
ized in Germany without being included in
the above strength.
infantry Cavalry
divisions, division.
Table No. II.
Tabular Statement of Armament Establishment for
Three Cavalry Divisions and Two Army
Inf an- For 7
try di-
Material. vision.
Rifles 12.000
Carbines
Heavy machine guns ]08 756
Light machine guns 162 1,134
Medium trench mortars. ., 9 63
Light trench mortars ... . 27 189
7.7-cm. guns 24 168
10.5-cm. howitzers. .. 12 84
a Maximum of Seven Infantry Division*,
Corps Headquarters Staffs.
(2)
84,000
(3)
6,000
12
For 3
cavalry
divisions.
(4)
i8,6bo
30
Two army corps
headquarteis
staffs. !
(5)
This establishment
must be drawn
from the in-
creased arma-
ments of the di-
visional infantry.
Total of
columns
84.000
18.000
793
1,134
204
84
Table No. III.
Maximum Stocks Authorised.
Max'mum Estab-
number lish- Maxi-
of arms ment. mum,
author- per unit. totals.
Material. ised. Rounds. Rounds
Artr.
40°
Rifles ............. 84.000?
Carbines ......... 18.000 $
Heavy machine guns 79'2 >
Light machine guns 1.134 5
Medium t r e r c h
mortars ........ 63
Light trench mor-
tars ............. 189
Field artillery:
7.7-cm. guns... 204 '1,000
10.5-cm,
howitzers . . 84
400
800
800
25.200
151.200
204,000
67.200
Section II.
NAVAL CLAUSES.
Article 181.
After the expiration of a period of two
months from the coming into force of the
present Treaty the German naval forces in
commission must not exceed:
6 battleships of the Deutschland or Loth-
ilngen type.
6 light cruisers,
12 destroyers.
12 torpedo boats.
or an eaual number of ships constructed to
replace them as provided in Article 190.
No submarines are to be included.
All other warships, except where there is
provision to the contrary in the present
Treaty, must be placed in reserve or devoted
to commercial purposes.
Article 182.
Until the completion of the minesweeping
prescribed by Article 193 Germany will keep
in commission such number of minesweeping
vessels as may be fixed by the Governments
of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers.
Article 18 S.
After the expiration of a period of two
months from the coming into force of the
present Treaty the total personnel of the <jrer- ,
Article 18 4.
From the date of the coming Into force of
the present Treaty all the German surface
warships which are not in German ports cease
to belong to Germany, who renounces all
rights over them.
Vessels which, in compliance with the Ar-
mistice of November 11, 1918. are now in-
terned in the ports of the Allied and Associated
Powers are declared to be finally surrendered.
Vessels which are now interned in neutral
ports will be there surrendered to the Gov-
ernments of the Principal Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers. The German Government musi
address a notification to that effect to the
neutral Powers on the coming into force of
the present Treaty.
Article 185.
Within a period of two months from the
coming into force of the present Treaty tne
German surface warships enumerated below
will be surrendered to the Governments of the
Principal Allied and Associated Powers in
such Allied ports as the said Powers may.
direct.
These warships will have been disarmed aa
provided in Article XXIII of the Armistice of
November 11. 1918. Nevertheless, they musj
have all their guns on board.
Battleships.
Oldenburg. Posen.
Thuringen. Westfalen.
Dstfriesland. Rheinland.
Helgoland. Nassau.
Light Cruisers.
tettin. Stralsund.
Danzig. Augsburg.
Munchen. Kolberg.
Lubeck. Stuttgart,
and, in addition, forty-two modern destroyers
•*nd fifty modern torpedo boats, as chosen by
,he Governments of the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers.
Article 186.
On the coming into force of the present,
treaty the German Government must under-
ake, under the supervision of the Govern-
ments of the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers, the breakingr-up of all the German
urface warships now under construction.
Article 187.
19 German auxiliary cruisers «j><^ fleet
578
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
auxiliaries enumerated below will be disarmed
and treated as merchant ships:
Interned in Neutral Countries.
Berlin. Seydlitz.
Santa Fe. Yorck.
In Germany.
Ammon. Furst Bulow.
Answald. Gertrud.
Bosnia. Kigoma.
Cordoba. Rugia.
Cassel. Santa Elena.
Dania. Schleswigr.
Rio Negro. Mowe.
Rio Pardo. Sierra ventana.
Santa Cruz. Chemnitz.
Schwaben. Emil Georg von Strauss
Solingren. Habsburg.
Steigrerwald. Meteor.
Franken. Waltraute.
Jundomar. Scharahorst.
Article 188.
On the expiration of one month from the
ccming into force of the present Treaty all
German submarines, submarine salvage ves-
sels and docks for submarines, including the
tubular dock, must have been handed over to
the Governments of the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers.
Such of these submarines. vessels and docks
as are considered by the said Governments to
be fit to proceed under their own power or
to be towed shall be taken by the German
Government into such Allied ports as have
been indicated.
The remainder, and also those in course
of construction, shall be broken up entirely
by the German Government under the super-
vision of the said Governments. The break-
ing-up must be completed within three months
at the most after the coming into force ol
the present Treaty.
Article 189.
Articles, machinery and material arising1 from
the breafcn>g-up of German warships of all
kinds, whether surface vessels or submarines,
may not be used except for purely industrial
or commercial purposes. They may not b«
sold or disposed of to foreign countries.
Article 190.
Germany is forbidden to construct or acquire
any warships other than those intended to re-
place the units in commission provided for In
Article 181 of the present Treaty.
The warships intended for replacement pur-
poses as above shall not exceed the following-
displacement .
Armoured ships 10.000 tons
Light cruisers 6,000 tons
Destroyers 800 tons
Torpedo boats 200 tons
Except where a ship has been lost, units
of the different classes shall only be replaced
at the end of a period of twenty years in the
case of battleships and cruisers, and fifteen
years in the case of destroyers and torpedo
boats, counting1 from the launching1 of the
ship.
Article 191.
The construction or acauisition of any sub-
marine, even for commercial purposes, shall
be forbidden in Germany.
Article 192.
The warships in commission of the German
fleet must have on board or in reserve only
the allowance of arms, munitions and war
material fixed by the Principal Allied and As-
sociated Powers.
Within a monjji from the fixing1 of the
quantities as above, arms, munitions and war
material of all kinds, including- mines and tor-
pedoes, now in the hands of the German
Government and in excess of the said quan-
tities shall be surrendered to the Govern-
ments of the said Powers at places to be
indicated by them. Such arms, munitions
and war material will be destroyed or ren-
dered useless.
All other stocks, depots or reserves of arms,
munitions or naval war material of all kind*
are forbidden.
The manufacture of these articles in Ger-
man territory for. and their export to. for-
eign countries shall be forbidden.
Article 19S.
On the coming into force of the present
Treaty Germany will forthwith sweep up the
mines in the following1 areas in the North
Sea to the eastward of longitude 4 degrees
0 minutes E. of Greenwich:
(1) Between parallels of latitude 63 de-
grees 0 minutes N, and 59 degrees 0 min-
utes N.; (2) To the northward of latitude 60
degrees 30 minutes N.
Germany must keep these areas free from
mines.
Germany must also sweep and keep free
from mines such areas in the Baltic as may
ultimately be notified by the Governments of
the Principal Allied and Associated Powers.
Article 194.
The personnel of the German Navy shall
be recruited entirely by voluntary engagements
entered into for a minimum period of twenty-
live consecutive years for officers and war-
rant officers; twelve consecutive years lor
petty officers snd men.
The number engaged to replace those dis-
charged for any reason before the expiration
of their teym of service must not exceed live
per cent, per annum of the totals laid down
in this Section (Article 183).
The personnel discharged from the Navy
must not receive any kind of naval or military
training1 or undertake any further service in
the Navy or Army.
Officers belonging to the German Navy
and not demobilised must engage to serve till
the age of forty-five, unless discharged for
sufficient reasons.
No officer or man pf the German mercan-
tile marine shall receive any training in the
Navy.
Article 195.
In order to ensure free passage into the
Baltic to all nations. Germany shall not erect
any fortifications in the area comprised be-
tween latitudes 55 degrees 27 minutes North
and 54 degrees 0 minutes N, and longitudes 9
degrees 0 minutes E, and 16 degrees 0 minutes
E. of the meridian of Greenwich, nor instal
any guns commanding the maritime routes
between the North Sea and the Baltic, The
lortincations now existing in this area shall be
demolished and the guns removed under the
supervisions of the Allied Governments and
in periods to be fixed by them.
.The German Government shall place at the
disposal of the Governments of the Principal
Allied and Associated Powers all hydrograph-
ical information now in its possession con-
cerning the channels and adjoining waters be-
tween the Baltic and the North Sea.
Article 196.
All fortified works and fortifications, other
than those mentioned in Section XIII (Heli-
goland) of Part III (Political Clauses for
Europe) and in Article 195. now established
within fifty kilometres of the German coast
or on German islands off that coast shall be
considered as of a defensive nature and may
remain in their existing condition.
No new fortifications shall be constructed
within these limits. The armament of these
defense's shall not exceed, as regards the num-
ber and calibre of guns, those in position at
the date of the coming into force of the
present Treaty. The German Government
shall communicate forthwith particulars there-
of to all the European Governments.
On the expiration of a period of two months
from the coming1 into force of the present
Treaty the stocks of ammunition for these
guns shall be reduced to and maintained at a
maximum figure of fifteen hundred rounds per
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
579
mece fo" calibres of 4.1-inch and under, and
five hundred rounds per piece for higher cah-
bres' Article 197.
During- the three months following- the
coming into force of the present Treaty the
German high-power wireless telegraphy sta-
tions at Nauen. Hanover and Berlin shall not
he used for the transmission of messages con-
cernfn? naval, military or political questions
of interest to Germany or any State which
has been allied to Germany in the war. with-
out the assent of the Governments of ^the Pnn
stations in her own territory or that oi AUB
tria. Hungary, Bulgaria or Turkey.
Section III.
AIR CLAUSES.
Article 198.
addition to the engines installed
Tea or "flying1 boats above mentioned, one
ngine may be provided for each engine
of each of these craft.
No dirigible shall be kept.
Article 199.
Within two months from the cominsr into
force of the Present Treaty the personnel of
air fords on the rolls of the German land a^
t"a forces shall be demobilised. Up to Octo-
ber 1 1919 however. Germany may keep and
maintain a total number of one thousand [men
including officers, for the whole of the cadres
and personnel flying;, and non-flying, of all
formations and establishments. . .
Article 200.
Until the complete evacuation of German ter-
ri*o?v by the Allied and Associated trooos. th*
3r°5ft of the Allied and Associated Power*
shall enjov in Germany freedom of passage
th?oughthe air. freedom of transit and of
landing.
During1 the six months following- the corn-
in? into force of the present Treaty, the
Manufacture and importation of aircraft, parts
of aircraft, engines for aircraft, and parts of
engines for aircraft, shall be forbidden in all
German
On the coming into force of the present
Trr^ty all military and naval aeronautical ma-
terial except the machines mentioned in the
second and third paragraphs of Article 198.
m^st be delivered to the Governments of the
Principal Allied acd Associated Powers.
Delivery must be effected at such places
as the sa'id Governments may select, and must
be completed within three months..
In particular this material will include all
items under the following heads which .are or
have been in use or were designed for warlike
Complete aeroplanes and seaplanes, as well
' as those being manufactured, repaired or as-
^Dirigibles able to take the air. being manu-
factured, repaired or assembled.
Plant for the manufacture of hydrogen.
Dirigible sheds and shelters of every kind
for aircraft.
Pending their delivery, dirigibles will, at the
expense of Germany, be maintained inflated
with hydrogen; the plant for the manufacture
of hydrogen, as well as the sheds for dirigi-
bles, may, at the discretion of the said Pow-
ers, be left to Germany until the time when
the dirigibles are handed over.
Engines for aircraft.
Nacelles and fuselages.
Armament (guns, machine guns, light ma-
chine guns, bomb-dropping apparatus, torpedo-
dropping1 apparatus, synchronization appara-
tus. aiming1 apparatus) .
Munitions (cartridges, shells, bombs loaded
or unloaded, stocks of explosives or of ma-
terial for their manufacture) .
Instruments for use on aircraft.
Wireless apparatus and photographic or
cinematograph apparatus for use on aircraft.
Component parts of any of the items under
the preceding heads.
The material referred to above shall not be
removed without special permission from the
said Governments.
Section IV.
INTER-ALLIED COMMISSIONS OF CONTROL.
Article 20S.
All the military, naval and air clauses con-
tained in the present Treaty, for the execution
of which a time-limit is prescribed, shall be
executed by Germany under the control of
Inter-Allied Commissions specially appointed
for this purpose by the Principal Allied and
Associated Powers.
Article 204.
The Inter-Allied Commissions of Control will
be specially charged with the duty of seeing
to the complete execution of the delivery, de-
struction, demolition and rendering things use-
less to be carried out at the expense of the
German Government in accordance with th»
present Treaty.
They will communicate to the German au-
thorities the decisions which the Principal Al-
lied and Associated Powers have reserved the
right to take, or which the execution of the
military, naval and air clauses may necessitate.
Article SOS.
The Inter-Allied Commissions of Control may-
establish their organisations at the seat of
the central German Government.
They shall be entitled as often as th»y
think de?irable to proceed to any point what-
ever in German territory, or to send subcom-
missions, or to authorise one or more of
their members to go. to any such point.
Article 206.
The German Government must give all nee-
| essary facilities for the accomplishment of
their missions to the Irter-Allied Commissions
of Control and to their members.
It shall attach a qualified representative to
each Inter-Allied Commission of Control for
the purpose of receiving the communications
which the Commission may have to address
to the German Government and of supplying-
or procuring for the Commission all informa-
tion or documents which may be required.
The German Government must in all case*
furnish at its own cost all labour and materi-
al required to effect the deliveries and the
works of destruction, dismantling, demolition.
i and of rendering1 things useless, provided for
in the present Treaty.
Article 207.
The upkeep and cost of the Commissions of
Control and the expenses involved by their
work shall be borne by Germany.
Article 208.
The Military Inter-Allied Commission of
Control will represent the Government? of
580
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
the Principal Allied and Associated Powers in
dealing1 with the German Government in all
matters concerning: the execution of the mili-
tary clauses.
In particular it will be its duty to receive
from the German Government the notifications
relating- to the location of the stocks and
depots of munitions, the armament of the
fortified works, fortresses and forts which
<3«rmany is allowed to retain, and the location
of the works or factories for the production
of arms, munitions and war material and their
operations.
It will take delivery of the arms, munitions
and war material, will select the points where
such delivery is to be effected, and will super-
vise the works of destruction, demolition, and
of rendering1 thing's useless, which are to be
carried out in accordance with the present
The German Government must furnish to the
Military Inter- Allied Commission of Control all
such information and documents as the latter
may deem necessary to ensure the complete
execution of the military clauses, and in par-
ticular all legislative and administrative docu-
ments and regulations.
Article 209.
The Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Con-
trol will represent the Governments of the
Principal Allied and Associated Powers in
dealing- with the German Government in all
matters concerning1 the execution of the naval
C In9 particular it will be its duty to proceed
to the building: yards and to supervise the
breaking-up of the ships which are -under con-
struction there, to take delivery of all surface
ships or submarines, salvage •ships, docks and
the tubular docks, and to supervise the de-
struction and breaking-up provided foi\
The German Government must furnish to the
Saval Inter-Allied Commission of Control all
snch information and documents as the com-
mission may d^em necessary to ensure the
complete execution of the naval clauses, in
particular the designs of the warships, the
composition of their armaments, the details
and models of the g;uns, munitions, .torpedoes.
mines explosives, wireless telegraphic appara-
tus and. in sreneral, everything1 relating- to
naval war material, as well as all legislative
or administrative documents or regulations.
Article 210.
The Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commission of
Control will represent the Governments of the
Principal Allied and Associated Powers in
dealing- with the German Government in all
matters concerning the execution of the air
it will be its duty to make an
inventory of the aeronautical material existing1
in German territory, to inspect aeroplane, bal-
loon and motor manufactories, and factories
producing- arms, munitions and explosives
capable of being- used by aircraft, to visit all
aerodromes, sheds, landing- grounds, parks and
depots, to authorise, where necessary, a re-
moval of material and to take delivery of
such material.
The German Government must furnish to the
Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commission of Con-
trol all such information and legislative, ad-
ministrative or other documents which the
Commission may consider necessary to ensure
the complete execution of the air clauses, and
in particular a list of the personnel belonging
to all the German Air Services, and of the
existing material, as well as of that in proc-
ess of manufacture or on order, and a list of
all establishments working: for aviation of
their positions, and of all sheds and landing
Section V.
GENERAL ARTICLES.
Article til.
After the expiration of a period of three
months from the coming into force 01 tne
present Treaty the German laws must have
)een modified and shall be maintained by the
German Government in conformity with this
Part of the present Treaty.
Within the same period all the administra-
ive or other measures relating- to the exe-
cution of this Part of the Treaty ^nust have
>een taken.
Article 212.
The following- portions of the Armistice of
November 11. 1918: Article VI. the first two
and the sixth and seventh paragraphs of Ar-
ticle VII: Article IX; Clauses I. II and V of
Annex No. 2. and the Protocol, dated April 4.
1919. suplementing the Armistice of Novem-
Der 11, 1918. remain in force so far as they
are not inconsistent with the above stipula-
tions.
Article 213.
So long1 as the present Treaty remains in
force Germany undertakes to give every facil-
ity for any investigation which the Council of
the League of Nations, acting if need be by
a majority vote, may consider necessary.
PART VI.
PRISONERS OF WAR AND GRAVES.
Section 7.
PRISONERS OF WAR.
Article 21k.
The repatriation of prisoners of war and in-
terned civilians shall take place as soon as
possible after the coming into force of the
present Treaty and shall be carried out with
the greatest rapidity.
Article 215.
The repatriation of German prisoners of war
and interned civilians shall, in accordance with
Article 214. be cirried out by a Commission
jf representatives of
Associated Powers on the one part and of the
composed of representatives of the Allied and
German Government on the other part.
For each of the Allied and Associated Pow-
ers a Sub-Cpmmission, composed exclusively of
Representatives of the interested Power and
of Delegates of the German Government, shall
regulate the details of carrying into effect the
repatriation of the prisoners of war.
Article 216.
From the time of their delivery into the
hands of the German authorities the prisoners
of war and interned civilians are to be re-
turned without delay to their homes by the
said authorities.
Those amongst them who before the war
were habituaUy resident in territory occupied
by the troops of the Allied and Associated
Powers are likewise to be sent to their homes,
subject to the consent and control of the mil-
tary authorities of the Allied and Associated
armiea of occupation.
Article 217.
The whole cost of repatriation from the mo-
ment of starting1 shall be borne by the Ger-
man Government, who shall also provide the
land and sea transport and staff considered
necessary by the Commission referred to in
Article 215. fflvo
Article 218.
Prisoners of war and interned civilians
awaiting disposal or undergoing sentence for
offenses against discipline shall be repatriated
irrespective of the completion of their sen-
tence or of the proceedings pending against
1 This stipulation shall not apply to prisoners
of war and interned civilians punished for I
offenses committed sxibsequent to. May 1, 1919.
During the period pending their, repatriation
all prisoners of war and interned civilians shall
remain subject to the existing regulations,
more especially as regards work and discipline.
Article 219.
Prisoners of war and interned civilians who
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
581
are awaiting- disposal or undergoing- sentence
for offences other than those against discipline
may be detained.
Article 220.
The German Government undertakes to ad-
mit to its territory without distinction all per-
sons liable to repatriation.
Prisoners of war or other German nationals
who do not desire to be repatriated may be
excluded from repatriation; but the Allied and
Associated Governments reserve to themselves
the right either to repatriate them or to take
them to a neutral country or to allow them
to reside in their own territories.
The German Government undertakes not to
institute any exceptional proceeding's against
these persons or their f amil es nor to take any
repressive or vexatious measures of any kind
whatsoever against them on this account.
Article 221.
The Allied and Associated Governments re-
serve the right to make the repatriation of
German prisoners of war or German nationals
in their hands conditional upon the immediate
notification and release by the German Gov-
ernment of any prisoners of war who are na-
tionals of the Allied and Associated Powers
and may still be in Germany.
Article 222.
Germany undertakes :
(1) To give every facility to Commissions
to enquire into the cases of those, who cannot
be traced: to furnish such commissions with
all necessary means of transport: to allow
them access to camps, prisons, hospitals and
all other places; and to place at their disposal
all documents, whether public or private,
which would facilitate their enquiries:
(2) To impose penalties upon any German
officials or private persons who have concealed
the presence of any nationals of any of the
Allied ana Associated Powers or have neglected
to reveal the presence of any such after it
had come to their knowledge.
Article 22 S.
Germany undertakes to restore without delay
from the date of the coming into force of the
present Treaty all articles, money, securities
and documents which have belonged to na-
tionals of the Allied and Associated Powers
and which have been retained by the German
authorities.
Article 22%.
The Hig-h Contracting Parties waive recip-
rocally all repayment of sums due for the
maintenance of prisoners of war in their re-
spective territories.
Section II.
GRAVES.
Article 225.
The Allied and Associated Governments and
the German Government will cause to be re-
spected and maintained the graves of the sol-
diers and sailors buried in their respective ter-
ritories.
They agree to recognise any commission ap-
pointed by an Allied or Associated Government
for the purpose of identifying, registering, car-
ing for or erecting suitable memorials over the
said graves and to facilitate the discharge of
its duties.
Furthermore they agree to afford, so far as
the provisions of their laws and the require-
ments of public health allow, every facility
for giving effect to requests that the bodies
of their soldiers and sailors may be trans-
ferred to their own country.
Article 226.
The graves of. prisoners of war and interned
civilians who are nationals of the dmerent bel-
ligerent 'States and have died in captivity shall
be properly maintained in accordance with
Article 225 of the present Treaty.
The Allied and Associated Governments on
the one cart and the German Government on
the other part reciprocally undertake also lo>
furnish to each, other:
A complete list of those who have died,
together with all information useful for identi-
fication:
(2) All information as to the number and
position of the craves of all those who have
been buried without identification.
Part VII.
PENALTIES.
Article 227.
The Allied and Associated Powers publicly
arraign William II of Hohenzollern. formerly
German Emperor, for a supreme offense
against international morality and the sanctity
of treaties.
A special tribunal will be constituted to try
the accused thereby assuring- him the guaran-
tees essential to the right of defence. It will
be composed of five juderes. one apoointed by
each of the following Powers: namely, the
United States of America, Great Britain.
France. Italy and Japan.
In its decision the tribunal will be eruided by
the highest motives of international policy,
with a view to vindicating- the solemn obliga-
tions of international undertakings, and the
validity of international morality. It will be
its duty to fix the punishment which it con-
siders should be imposed
The Allied and Associated • Powers will ad-
dress a request to the Government of the
Netherlands for the surrender to them of the
ex-Emperor in order that he may be out on
Article 228.
The German Government recognises the right
§' the Allied and Associated Powers to brine-
fore military tribunals persons accused of
iving committed acts in violation of the
ws and customs of war. Such persons shall,
if found eruiltv. be sentenced to nunishments
laid down by law. This provision will apply
notwithstanding- any proceeding's or prosecu-
tion before a tribunal in Germany or in the
territory of her allies.
The German Government shall hand over to
the Allied and Associated Powers, or to such
one of them as shall so request, all persons
accused of having- committed an act in viola-
tion of the laws and customs of war. who are
Esified either by name or by the rank of-
or employment which they held under the
man authorities.
Article 229.
Persons guilty of criminal acts against the
nationals of one of the Allied and Associated
Powers will be brought before the military
tribunals of that Power-
Persons s-uiltv of criminal acts against the
nationals of more than one, of the Allied and
Associated Powers will be brought before mil-
itary tribunals composed of members of the
military tribunals of *^» Powers concerned.
In every case the accused will be entitled to
name his own counsel.
Article 2SO.
The German Government undertakes to fur-
ish all documents and information of everr
kirid. the production of which mav be consid-
nis
ered necessary to ensure thp full knowledge of
the incriminating acts, the discovery of offend-
ers and the iust appreciation of responsibility.
PART VHI.
REPARATION.
Section I.
GENERAL PROVISIONS.
Article 2S1.
The Allied and Associated Governments af-
firm and Germany accepts the responsibility
of Germany and her allies for causing all the
loss and damage to which the Allied and Asso-
ciated Governments and their nationals have
been subjected as a consequence pf the war
imposed upon them by the aggression of Ger-
many and her allies.
582
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Article 232.
The Allied and Associated Governments rec-
ognise that the resources of Germany are not
adequate, after taking- into account permanent
diminutions of such resources which will re-
sult from other provisions of the present
Treaty, to make complete reparation for all
such loss and damage.
The Allied and Associated Governments,
however, require, and Germany undertakes,
that she will make compensation for all dam-
age done to the civilian population of the Al-
lied and Associated Powers and to their prop-
erty during the period of the belligerency of
each as an Allied or Associated Power against
Germany by such aggression by land, by sea
and from the air, and in general all damage
as defined in Annex I hereto.
In accordance with Germany's pledges, al-
ready given, as to complete restoration for
Belgium, Germany undertakes, in addition to
the compensation for damage elsewhere in
this Part provided for, as a consequence of
the violation of the Treaty of 1839. to make
reimbursement of all sums which Belgium has
borrowed from the Allied and Associated Gov-
ernments up to November 11, 1918, together
with interest at the rate of five per cent.
(5%) per annum on such sums. This amount
shall be determined bv the Reparation Com-
mission, and the German Government under-
takes thereupon forthwith to make a special
issue of bearer bonds to an equivalent amount
payable in marks gold, on May 1. 1926. or
at the option of the German Government, on
the 1st of May in any year up to 1926. Sub-
ject to the foregoing, the form of such bonds
shall' be determined by the Reparation Com-
mission. Such bonds shall be handed over to
the Reparation Commission, which has au-
thority to take and acknowledge receipt
thereof on behalf of Belgium.
Article 233.
The amount of the above damage lor which
compensation is to be made by Germany shall
be determined by an Inter-Allied Commission.
to be called the Reparation Commission and
constituted in the form and with the powers
set forth hereunder and in Annexes II and
VII inclusive hereto.
This Commission shall consider the claims
and give to the German Government 3- Just
opportunity to be heard.
The findings of the Commission as to the
amount of damage defined as above shall be
concluded and notified to the German Gov-
ernment on or before May 1. 1921. as rep-
resenting the extent of that Government's
obligations.
Th» Commission shall concurrently draw tip
a schedule of payments prescribing the time
and manner for securing and discharging the
entire obligation within a period of thirty
years from May 1. 1921. __.
the period mentioned Germany fails to dis-
E. however, within
charge her obligations, any balance remaining
unpaid may. within the discretion of the Com-
mission, be postponed for settlement in subse-
quent years, or may be handled otherwise in
such manner as the Allied and Associated Gov-
ernments, acting in accordance with the pro-
cedure laid down in this Part of the present
Treaty, shall determine.
Article 23.$.
The Reparation Commission shall after May
1, 1921. from time to time, consider the re-
sources and capacity of Germany, and. after
giving her representatives a just opportunity
to be heard, shall have discretion to extend
the date, and to modily the form of payments,
such as are to be provided for in accordance
with Article 233; but not to cancel any part
exc pt with the specific authority of the sev-
eral Governments represented upon the Com-
mission.
Article 235.
In order to enable the Allied and Associ-
at d Powers to proceed at once to the restora-
tion of their industrial and economic life,
pending the full determination of their claims.
Germany shall pay in such instalments and
in such manner (whether in gold, commodi-
ties, ships, S--CU ities or otherwise) as the
Reparation Commission may fix. during 1919,
19^0 and the first four months of 1921. the
equivalent of 20.000,000,000 gold marks. Out
01 this sum the expenses of the armies of oc-
cupation subsequent to the Armistice of No-
vember 11. 1918. shall first be met. and such
supplies of food and raw materials as may. be
judged by the Governments of the Principal
Allied and Associated Powers to be essential
to enable Germany to meet her obligations for
reparation may also, with the approval of
the said Governments, be paid for out of the
above sum. The balance shall be reckoned
toward liquidation of the amounts due for
reparation. Germany shall further deposit
bonds as prescribed in Paragraph 12 (e) of
Annex JI hereto.
Article 236.
Germany further agrees to the direct appli-
cation of her economic resources to reparation
as specified in Annexes III. IV. V. and VI.
relating respectively to m rchant shipping, to
physical restoration, to coal and derivatives of
conl and to dyestufis and other chemical prod-
ucts- provided always that the value of the
property transferred and any services ren-
dered, by her under these Annexes, assessed in
the manner therein prescribed, shall be cred-
it d to h"r toward liquidation of her obliga-
tions under the above Articles.
Article 237.
The successive instalments, including1 the
above sum. paid over by Germany in satisfac-
tion of the above claims will be divided by
the Allied nnd Associated Governments in pro-
portions which have been determined upon by
them in advance on a basis of general equity
and of the rights of each.
For the purposes of this division the value
of property transferred and services rendered
under Article 243. and under Annexes III.
IV. V. VI and VII. shall be reckoned .in the
same manner as cash payments effected in that
year.
Article 238.
In addition to the payments mentioned above
Germany shall effect, in accordance with the
procedure laid down by the Reparation Com-
mission, restitution in cash of cash taken
away, seized or sequestrated, and also resti-
tution of animals, objects of every nature and
securities taken away, seized or sequestrated,
in the case in which it proves possible to
identify them in territory belonging to Ger-
many or her allies.
UrnVl this procedure is laid down, restitu-
tion will continue in accordance with the pro-
visions of the Armistice of November 11. 1918.
and its renewals and the Protocols thereto.
Article 239.
The German Government undertakes to make
forthwith the restitution contemplated by
Article 238 and to make the payments and
deliveries contemplated by Articles 233. 234.
235 and 236.
Article 2}0.
The German Government recognises the Com-
mission provided for by Article 233 as the
same may be constituted by the Allied and
Associated Governments in accordance with
Annex II and agrees irrevocably to the pos-
session and exercise by such Commission of
the power and authority given to it under
the present Treaty.
The German Government will supply to the
Commission all the information which the
Commission may require relative to the finan-
cial situation and operations and to the prop-
erty, productive capacity, and stocks and cur-
rent production of raw materials and manu-
factured articles of Germany and her nation-
als, and further any information relative to
military operations which in the judgment of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
583
the Commission may be necesary for the as-
sessment of Germany's liability for reparation
as defiiud in Annex I.
The German Government will accord to the
members of the Commission and its authorised
agents the same rights and immun'ties as are
enjoyed in Germany by duly accredited diplo-
matic agents of friendly Powers.
Germany further agrees to provide for the
salaries and expenses of the Commission and
of such staff as it may employ.
Article 241.
Germany undertakes to pass, issue and main-
tain in force any legislation, orders and decrees
that may be nscessary to give complete effect
to these provisions.
Article 242.
The provisions of this Part of the present
Treaty do not apply to the property, rigrhts
and interests referred to in Sections III and
IV of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the
present Treaty, nor to the product of their
liquidation, except so far as concerns any final
balance in favor of Germany under Article 243
(a).
Article 24S.
The following shall be reckoned as credits
to Germany in respect of her reparation obli-
gations :
(a) Any final balance in favour of Germany
fler Section V (Alsace-Lorraine) of Part
(Political Clauses for Europe) and Sections
and IV of Part X (Economic Clauses)
the present Treaty;
(b) Amounts due to Germany in respect of
transfers under Section IV (Saar Basin) of
Part III (Political Clauses for Europe). Part
IX (Financial Clauses), and Part XII ^Ports,
Waterways and Railways) :
(c) Amounts which in the judgment of the
Reparation Commission should be credited to
Germany on account of any other transfers
under the present Treaty of property, rights,
concessions or other interests.
In no case however shall credit be given for
property restored in accordance -with Article
238 of the present Part.
Article 244.
The transfer of the German submarine
cables which do not form the subject of par-
ticular provisions of the present Treaty is
regulated by Annex VII hereto.
ANNEX I.
Compensation may be claimed from Germany
under Article 232 above in respect of the total
damage under the follow'ng categories:
(1) Damage to injured persons and to sur-
viving- dependents by personal injury to or
death of civilians caused by acts of war, in-
cluding bombardments or other attacks on
land, on sea. or from the air, and of all the di-
rect consequences thereof, and of all opera-
tions of war by the two groups of belligerents
wherever arising.
(2) Damasre caused by Germany or her al-
lies' to civilian victims of acts of cruelty, vio-
lence or maltreatment (including- injuries to
life or health as a consequence of imprison-
ment, deportation, internment or evacuation.
of exposure at sea or of being forced to la-
bour) wherever arising-, and to the surviving1
dependents of such victims
(3) Damage caused by Germany or her al-
lies in their own territory or in occupied or
invaded territory to civilian victims of all acts
injurious to health or capacity to work, or to
honour, as well as to the surviving- depend-
ents of such victims
(4) Damage caused by any kind of mal-
treatment of prisoners of war.
(5) As damaere caused to the peoples of the
Allied and Associated Powers, all pensions and
compensation in the nature of pensions to na-
val and military victims of war (including
memb^s of the air fo**ce). whpt>^r mutilated
wounded, sick or invalided, and to the depend-
ents of such victims the amount due to the
Allied and Associated •Governments beiner cal-
culated for each of them as beinar the capital-
ised cost of such pensions and compensation
at the date of the coming; into force of the
present Treaty on the basis of the scales in
force in France at such date.
(6) The cost of assistance by the Govern-
ment of the Allied and Associated Powers to
prisoners of war and to their families and de-
(7) Allowances by the Governments of the
Allied and Associated Powers to the families
and dependents of mobilised persons or persona
serving with the forces, the amount due to
them for each calendar year in which hostili-
ties occurred being; calculated for each Govern-
ment on the basis of the average scale for
such payments in force in France during that
year.
(8) Damage caused to civilians by being
forced by Germany or her allies to labour
without Just remuneration.
(9) Damage in respect of all property wher-
ever situated belonging- to any of the Allied or
Associated States or their nationals, with the
exception of naval and military works or ma-
terials. which has been carried off. seized, in-
jured or destroyed bv the acts of Germany x or
her allies on land, on sea or from the air. or
damae-e directly in consequence of hostilities
or of any operations of war.
(10) Damage in the form of levies, fines
and other similar exactions imposed by Ger-
many or 'her allies upon the civilian PODula-
ANNEX H.
1.
The Commission referred to in Article 233
shall be called "The Reparation Commission"
and is hereinafter referred to as "the Commis-
sion."
2.
Delegates to this Commission shall. b* nomi-
nated by the United States of America. Great
Britain. France. Italy. Japan Belsrium and the
Serb-Croat-Slovene State. Each of these Pow-
ers will appoint one Delegate and also one As-
sistant Delegate, who will take his place in
case of illness or necessary absence, but at
other times will only have the right to be
present at proceedings without taking any Dart
therein
On no occasion shall the Delegates of 'more
than five of the above Powers have the rierht
to take part in the proceedings of .the Com-
mission and to record their votes. The Dele-
gates of the United States. Great Britain
France and Italy shall have this right on all
occasions. The Delegate of Belgium shall
have this right on all occasions other than
those referred to below. The Delegate of
Japan shall have this rierht on occasions when
questions relating to damage at eea and ques-
tions arising tinder Article 260 of Part IX
(Financial Clauses) in which Japanese inter-
ests are concerned are under consideration.
The Delegate of the Serb-Croat-Slovene State
shall have this rierht when auctions relftiner
to Austria. Hungary or Buleraria are under
consideration. _
Each Government represented on the Com-
mission -shall have the rierht ,to withdraw
months' notice filed
fi
therefrom upon twelve
with the Commission and con
rmed in
course of the sixth month after the date of
the
the original notice.
Such of the
owers as ma
right to appoint a
other .Allied and Associated
Powers as may be interested shall h
ave the
legate to be. present nnd
act as Assessor only while their respective
Del
nly
claims and interests are under examination or
discussion, but without the right to vote.
4.
In case of the death, resignation, or recall
of any Delegate. Assistant Delegate or Asses-
sor. a successor to him shall be nominated as
eoon as possible.
The Commission will' have its principal per-
manent Bureau in Pans and will hold its first
684
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
meeting: in Paris as soon as practicable after
the coming- into force of the present Treaty,
and thereafter will meet in such place or
places and at such time as it may deem
convenient and as may be necessary for the
most expeditious discharge of its duties.
6.
At its first meeting- the Commission shall
elect, from among' the Delegates referred to
above, a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman, who
old o:
Chairmanship or Vice-Chairmanship" should
shal] "hold office for one year and shall be
eligible ior re-election. If
a vacancy in the
occur during the annual period, the Commis-
sion shall proceed to a new election for the
remainder of the said period.
7.
The Commission is authorised to appoint
all necessary officers, agents and employees
who may be required for the execution of its
functions, and to fix their remuneration: to
constitute committees, whose members need
not necessarily be members of the Commis-
sion, and to take all executive steps neces-
sary for the purpose of discharging its duties:
and to delegate authority and discretion to
officers, agents and committees.
8.
All proceedings of the Commission shall be
private, unless, on particular occasions, the
Commission shall otherwise determine for spe-
cial reasons.
The Commission shall be required, if the
German Government so desire, to hear, within
a period which it will fix from time to time,
evidence and arguments on the part of Ger-
many on any question connected with her
capacity, to pay.
The Commission shall consider the claims
and give to the German Government a just
opportunity to be heard, but not to take any
part whatever in the decision* of the Com-
mission. The, Commission shall afford a
similar opportunity to the allies of Germany
when it shall consider that their interests are
in question. ,
The Commission shall not be bound by any
particular code or rules of law or by any
particular rule of evidence or of procedure
but shall be guided by justice, equity and
good faith. Its decisions must follow the
same principles and rules in all cases where
they are applicable. It will establish rules
relating to methods of proof of claims. It
may act on any trustworthy modes of com-
putation. o
The Commission shall have all the powers
conferred upon it. and shall exercise all the
functions assigned to it. by the present Treaty.
The Commission shall in general have wide
latitude as to its control and handling of the
whole reparation problem as dealt with in this
Part of the present Treaty and shall have
authority to interpret its provisions. Sub-
ject to the provisions of the present Treaty,
the Commission is constituted by the several
Allied and Associated Governments referred
to in paragraphs 2 and 3 above as the ex-
clusive agency of the said governments re-
spectively for receiving, selling, holding and
distributing the reparation payments to be
made by Germany under this Part of the
present Treaty. The Commission must com-
ply with the following conditions and pro-
visions :
(a) Whatever part of the full amount of
the proved claims is not paid in gold. or. in
ships, securi'.i a and commodit'es or otherwise.
Germany shall be required. und°r such con-
ditions as the Commission may determine to
cover by way of gua-antee by an equivalent
issue of bonds, obligations or otherwise, in
order to constitute an acknowledgment of the
said part of the debt.
(b) In periodically estimating Germany's ca-
pacity to pay. the Commission shall examine
the German system of taxation first, to the
, that the sums for reparation which Ger-
many is required to pay shall become a charge
upon all her revenues prior to that for the
service or discharge of any domestic loan,
and. secondly, so as to satisfy itself that, in
general, the German scheme of taxation is
iully as heavy proportionately as that of any
of the powers represented on the Commission.
(c) In order to facilitate and continue the
immediate restoration of the economic life of
the Allied and Associated countries, the Com-
mission will as provided in Article 235 take
from Germany by way of security for and
acknowledgment of her debt a first instalment
of gold bearer bonds free of all taxes and
charges of every description established or to
be established by the Government of the Ger-
man Empire or of the German States, or by
any authority subject to them: these bonds
will be delivered on account and in three por-
tions, the Marks gold being payable in con-
formity with Article 202 of Part IX (Finan-
cial Clauses) of the present Treaty as fol-
(1) To be issued forthwith. 20.000.000.000
Marks gold bearer bonds, payable not later
man May 1. 1921. wilhout interest. There
shall be specially applied towards the amorti-
sation of these bonds the payments which.
Germany is pl-dged to make in conformity
with Article 235. aft r d-duction of the sums
used for the reimbursement of expenses of the
armies of occupation and for payment of food-
stuffs and raw mate-ials. Such bonds as
have not been redeemed by May 1. 1921, shall
then be exchanged for new bonds of the same
type as those provided for below (paragraph
12, (c) (2).)
(2) To be issned forthwith, further 40.000.-
000.000 Marks gold bearer bonds, bearing in-
terest at 2 Vi per cent, per annum between 1921
and 1926. and thereafter at 5 per cent, per
annum with an additional 1 per cent, for
amortisation beginning in 1926 on the whole
amount of th'* issu"1.
(3) To be delivered forthwith a covering un-
dertaking in writing to issue when, but not
until, the Commission is satisfied that Ger-
many can meet such int^r^st and sinking fund
obligations, a further instalment of 40.000.-
000.000 Marks gold 5 per cent, bearer bonds,
the time and mode of payment of principal
and interest to be determined by the Commis-
The dates for payment of interest, the man-
ner of applying th<? amortisation fund, and all
other questions relating to the issue, manage-
ment and regulation of the bond issue shall
be determined by the Commission from time
to time.
Further issues by way of acknowledgment
and security mny be required as the Commis-
sion subsequently determines from time to
time.
(d) In the event of bonds, obligations or
other evidence of indebtedness issued by Ger-
many by way of security for or acknowledg-
ment of her reparation d bt being disposed of
outright, not by way of pledge, to persons
other than the several Governments in whose
favour Germany's original reparation indebted-
ness was created, an amount of such repara-
tion indebtedness shall be deemed to be ex-
tinguished, corresponding to the nominal value-
of the bonds, etc., so disposed of outright, and
the obligat on of Germany in respect of such
bonds shall be confined to her liabilities; to>
the holders of the bonds, as expressed upon
their face.
(e) The damage for repairing, reconstruct-
ing- and rebuilding property in the invaded a...
devastated districts, including- reinstallation o
furniture, machinery and oth^r eau'nment. wil
be calculated according- to the cost at
dates when the work is done.
(f) Decisions of the Commission relatinsrto
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
585
the total or partial cancellation of the capital
or interest of any verified debt of Germany
must be accompanied by a statement of its
reasons.
13.
As to voting-, the Commission will observe
the following rules:
When a decision of the Commission is taken.
the votes of all the Delegates entitled to vote,
or in the absence of any of them, of their As-
sistant Delegates, shall be recoided. Absten-
tion from voting- is to be treated as a vote
ag-ainst the proposal under discussion. Asses-
sors have no vote.
On the following- questions unanimity is nec-
essarv :
(a) Questions involving- the sovereis-ntv of
any of the Allied and Associated Powers or
the cancellation, of the whole or any Part of
the debt or obligations of Germany:
(b) Questions of determining- the amount
and condit ons of bonds or other obligations
to be issued by the German Government and
of fixing- the time and manner for selling-,
negotiating- or distributing- such bonds:
(c) Any postponement, total or Partial be-
yond the end of 1930. of the payment of in-
stalments falling- due between May 1. 1921.
and the end of 1926 inclusive:
(d) Any postponement, total or partial, of
any instalment falling- due after 1926 for a
period exceeding- three years:
(e) Questions of applying- in any particular
case a method of measuring1 damag-es different
from that which has been previously rpplied
i similar oase-
f) Questions of the r'nterpretation of the
in a similar oase
(f) Questions of the r'nterpretation of the
provisions of this Part of the present Treaty.
by the
All other Questions shall be decided
vote of the majority.
In case of any difference of opinion among-
the Deleg-ates. which cannot be solved by
reference to their Governments, upon, the
cuestion whether a given case is one which re-
ouires a unanimous vote for its decision or
not. such difference shall be referred to the
immediate arbitration of some impartial per-
son to be agreed upon by their Governments,
whose award the Allied and Associated Gov-
ernments agree to accept.
14.
Decisions of the Commission, in accordance
with the powers conferred upon it, shall forth-
with become binding; and may be put into im-
mediate execution without further proceedings.
15.
The Commission will issue to each of the in-
terested Powers in such form as the Com-
mission shall fix:
(1) A certificate stating- that it holds for
the account of the said Power bonds of the
issues mentioned above, the said certificate, on
the demand of the Power concerned, being- di-
visible in a number of parts not exceeding-
five:
(2) From time to time certificates stating-
the g-oods delivered by Germany on account of
her reparation debt which it holds for the ac-
count of the said Power.
The said certificates shall be ree-istered. and
upon notice to the Commission, may be trans-
ferred by endorsement.
When bonds are issued for sale or negotia-
tion, and when g-oods are delivered by the
Commission, certificates to an eauivalent value
must be withdrawn
16.
Interest shall be debited to Germany as from
May 1. 1921. in respect of her debt as de-
termined by the Commission, after allowing- for
sums already covered by cash payments or
their equivalent, or by bonds issued to the
Commission, or under Article 243. The rate
of interest shall be 5 per cent, unless the
Commission shall determine at some future
time that circumstances justify a variation of
this rate.
The Commission, in fixing- on May 1. 1921.
the total amount of the debt of Germany,
may take account of interest due on sums
arising out of the reparation of material
damage as from November 11, 1918. up to
May 1. 1921.
In case of default by Germany in the per-
formance of any obligation under this Part of
the present Treaty, the Commission will
forthwith give notice of Buch default to each
of the interested Powers and may make such
recommendations as to the action to be taken
in consequence -of such default as it may
think necessary,
18.
The measures which the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers shall have the right to take,
in case of voluntary default by Germany,
and which Germany agr ees not to reg-ard as
acts of war. may include economic and finan-
cial prohibitions and reprisals and in general
such other measures as the respective Gov-
ernments may determine to be necessary in
the circumstances.
19.
Payments required to be made in /old or
its equivalent on account of the proved claims
of the Allied and Associated Powers may at
any time be accepted by the Commission in
the form of chattels, properties, commodities,
businesses, rig-hts. concessions, within or with-
out German territof-y. ships, bonds, shares or
securities of any kind, or currencies of Ger-
many or other States, the value of such sub-
stitutes for erold beimr fixed at a fair and
just amount by the Commission itself.
The Commission, in fixing- or accepting- pay-
ment in specified properties or rights, .shall
have due reg-ard for any legal or equitable
interests of the Allied and Associated Powers
or of neutral Powers or of their nationals
herein. ^
No member of the Co'mmission shall be .re-
sponsible, except to the Government appoint-
ing- him. for any action or omission as such
member. No one of the Allied or Associated
Governments assumes any responsibility in
respect of any other Government.
22.
Subject to the provisions of the present
Treaty this Annex may be amended by the
unanimous decision of the Governments repre-
sented from time to time upon the Com-
mission. 23
When all the amounts due from Germany
and her allies under the present Treaty or
the decisions of the Commission have been
discharged and all sums received, or their
equivalents, shall have been distributed to the
Powers interested, the Commission shall be
ANNEX m.
Germany recognises the rig-ht of the Allied
and Associated Powers to the replacement,
ton for ton (gross tonnage) and class for
cl^ss. of all merchant ships and fishing- boats
lost or damag-ed owing- to the war.
Nevertheless, and in spite of the fact that
the tonnag-e of German shipping- at present
in existence is much less than that lost by
the Allied and Associated Powers in conse-
quence of the German ag-gression. the right
thus recognised will be enforced on German
ships and boats under the following- condi-
tions:
The German Government, on behalf of
themselves and so as to bind all other per-
sons interested, cede to the Allied and Asso-
ciated Governments the property in all the
German merchant ships which are of 1.600
tons gross and upwards, in one-half, reckoned
in tonnag-e. of the ships which are between
1.000 tons and 1.600 tons gross: in one-
quarter, reckoned in tonnage, of the steam
trawlers, and in one-quarter, reckoned in ton-
nag-e. of the other fishing- boats.
2.
The German Government will, within two
months of the coming into force of the pros-
686
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
ent Treaty, deliver to the Reparation Com-
mission all the ships and boats mentioned in
paragraph 1. g
The ships and boats mentioned in paragraph
1 include all ships and boats which (a) fly.
or may be entitled to fly. the German mer-
chant 'Rag: or (b) are owned by . any uer-
man national, company or corporation or by
any company or corporation belonging1 to a
country other than an Allied or Associated
country and under the control or direction
of German nationals: or (c) are now under
construction (1) in Germany. (2) in other
than Allied or Associated countries for the
account of any German national, company or
corporation.
For the purpose of providing1 documents of
title for the ships and boats to be handed
over as .above mentioned the German Govern-
m1a) Deliver to the Reparation Commission
in respect of each vessel a bill of sale or
other document of title evidencing1 the trans-
fer to the Commission of the entire prop-
erty in the vessel, free from all encum-
brances, charges and liens of all kinds, as
the Commission may require:
(b) Take all measures that may be indi-
cated by the Reparation Commission for en-
suring that the ships themselves shall be
placed at its disposal.
5.
As an additional part of reparation. Ger-
many agrees to cause merchant ships to be
built in German yards for the account of
the Allied and Associaved Governments as f ol-
(a) Within three months of the coming1
into force of the present Treaty, the Repa-
ration Commission will notify to the German
Government the amount of tonnage to be laid
down in German shipyards in each of the
two years next succeeding the three months
mentioned above.
(b) Within two years of the coming into
force of the present Trea/ty the Reparation
Commission will notify to the German Gov-
ernment the amount of tonnage to be laid
down in each of the three years following
the two years mentioned above.
(c) The amount of tonnage to be laid down
in each year shall not exceed 200.000 tons,
gross tonnage.
(d) The specifications of the ships to be
built, the conditions under which they are
to be built and delivered, the price per ton
at which they are to be accounted for by the
Reparation Commission, and all other ques-
tions relating to the accounting, ordering,
building and delivery of the ships, shall be
determined by the Commission.
Germany undertakes to restore in kind and in
normal condition of upkeep to the Allied and
Associated Powers, within two months of the
coming into force of the present Treaty, in
accordance with procedure to be laid down by
the Reparation Commission, any boats and
other movable appliances belonging to inland
navigation which since August 1. 1914. have
by any means whatever come into her posses-
sion or into the possession of her nationals,
and which can be identified.
With a view to make good the loss in in-
land navigation tonnage, from whatever cause
arising, which has been incurred during the
war by the Allied and Associated Powers, and
vhich cannot be made good by means of the
restitution prescribed above. Germany agrees
to cede to the Reparation Commission a por-
tion of the German river fleet up to the
amount of the loss mention-ed above, provided
that such cession shall not exceed 20 per cent.
of the river fleet as it existed on November
11. 1918.
The conditions of this cession shall be set-
tled by the arbitrators referred to in Article
339 of Part XII (Ports. Waterways and Rail-
ways) of the present Treaty, who are charged
with the settlement of difficulties relating to
the apportionment of river tonnage resulting
from the new international regime applicable
to certain river systems or from the territorial
changes affecting- those systems.
Germany agrees to take any measures that
may be indicated to her by the Reparation
Commission for obtaining the full title to the
property in all ships which have during the
war been transferred, or are in process of
transfer, to neutral flags, without the consent
of the Allied and Associated Governments.
8.
t Germany waives all claims of any descrip-
tion against the Allied and Associated Gov-
ernments and their nationals in respect of the
detention, employment, loss or damage of any
German ships or boats, exception being made
of payments due in respect of the employ-
ment of ships in conformity with the Armi-
stice Agreement of January 13, 1919. and
subsequent Agreements.
The handing over of the ships of the Ger-
man mercantile marine must be continued
without interruption in accordance with the
said Agreement.
9.
Germany waives all claims to vessels or car-
goes sunk by or in consequence of naval ac-
tion and subsequently salved, in which any
of the Allied or Associated Governments or
their nationals may have any interest either
as owners, charterers, insurers or otherwise,
notwithstanding any decree of condemnation
which may have been made by a Prize Court
of Germany or of her allies.
ANNEX IV.
1.
The Allied and Associated Powers require.
and Germany undertakes, that in part satisfac-
tion of her obligations expressed in the pres-
ent Part she will, as hereinafter provided, de-
vote her econonrc resources directly to the
physical restoration of the invaded areas of
the Allied and Associated Powers, to the ex-
tent that these Powers may determine.
2.
The Allied and Associated Governments mar
file with the Reparation Commission lists
fihowiner :
(a) Animals machinery, equipment, tools
and like articles of a commercial character.
which have been seized, consumed or destroyed
bv Germany or destroyed in direct consequence
of military operations, and which such Gov-
ernments. for the purpose of meet'ner imme-
diate and urgent needs, desire to have replaced
b.v animals and articles of the same nature
which are in being in German territory at the
date of the coming into force of the present
Treaty •
(b) Reconstruction materials (stones bricks
refractory bricks, tiles, wood, window-glass
steel lime, cement, etc ) machinery, heating
apparatus, furniture and like articles of a
commercial character which the spid Govern-
ments desire to have produced and manufac-
tured in Germany and delivered, to them to
permit of the restoration of the invaded areas.
3.
The lists relating to the articles mentioned
in 2 (a) above shpll be fi ed within sixty days
after the date of the coming into force of the
The lists relating to the articles in 2 (b)
above shall be filed on or before December 31.
'The lists shall contain all such details as
are customary in commercial contracts de/Umer
with the subject manner, including specifica-
tions. dates of delivery (but not extendmer
over more than four years) and places of de-
livery. but not price or value which shall
fixed a^ hereinafter provided by the Commis-
sion
Immediately upon the filing of. 'such lists
with the Commission, the Commission shall
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
587
consider the amount, and number of the ma-
terials and animals mentioned in the lists pro-
vided for above which are to be reauired of
Germany. In reaching: a decision on this mat-
ter the Commission shall take into account
*uch domestic reauirements of Germany as it
deems essential for the maintenance oi Ger-
many's social and economic life, the t>riees and
dates at which similar articles can be obtained
in the Allied and Associated countries as com-
nared with those to be fixed for German art>-
cles. and the ereneral interest of the Allied an^
Associated Governments that the industrial
life of Germany be not so disorganized as to
affect adversely the ability of Germany to per-
form the other acts of reparation stipulated
for
Machinery, eauipment. tools and like arti-
cles of a commercial character in actual in-
dustrial use are not. however, to be demanded
of Germany unless there is no free stock of
such articles respectively which is not in use
rand is available, and then not in excess of
'thirty per cent of the quantity of such arti-
cles in use in any one establishment or under-
taking1.
The Commission shall give representatives
of the German Government an opportunity
and a time to be heard as to their capacity
to furnish the said materials, articles and
animals.
The decision of the Commission shall there-
upon and at the earliest possible moment be
communicated to the German Government
and to the several interested Allied and Asso-
ciated Governments.
The German Government undertakes to de-
liver the materials, articles and animals asi
specified in the said communication, and the
interested Allied and Associated Governments
severally agree to accept the same, provided
they conform to the specification given, or
are not. in the judgment of the Commission,
unfit to be utilized in the work of repara-
tion.
5.
The Commission shall determine the value
to be attributed to the materials, articles
and animals to be delivered in accordance
with the foregoing-, and the Allied or Asso-
ciated Power receiving- the same agrees to be
charged with such value, and the amount
thereof shall be treated as a payment by
Germany to be divided in accordance with
Article 237 of this part of the present Treaty.
In cases where the right to require phys-
ical restoration as above provided is exer-
cised, the Commission shall ensure that the
amount to be credited against the reparation
obligation of Germany shall be the fair value
of work done or materials supplied by Ger-
many, and that the claim made by the inter-
ested Power in respect of the damage so re-
paired by physical restoration shall be dis-
charged to vhe extent of the proportion which
the damage thus repaired bears to the whole
of the damage thus claimed for.
6.
As an immediate advance on account of the
animals referred to in paragraph 2 (a) above.
Germany undertakes to deliver in equal
monthly instalments in the three months fol-
lowing- tho Doming into force of the present
Treaty the following- quantities of live stock:
(1) To the French Government.
500 stallions (3 to 7 years) :
30.000 fillies and mares (18 months to 7
years), type: Ardennais. Boulon-
nais or Belgian;
2.000 bulls (18 months to 3 years) :
90.000 milch cows (2 to 6 years) •
1.000 rams:
100.000 sheep;
10,000 goats;
(2) To the Belgian Government.
200 stallions (3 to 7 years), large Bel-
gian type;
5.000 mares (3 to 7 years), large Belgian
5.000 fillies '(18 months to 3 years) large
Belgian type:
2.000 bulls (18 months to 3 years) ;
50.000 milch cows (2 to 6 years) :
40.000 heifers:
200 rams;
20.000 sheep;
15,000 sows:
The animals delivered shall be of average
health and condition.
To the extent that animals so delivered can-
not be identified as animals taken away or
seized, the value of such animals shall be
credited asainst the reparation obligations of
Germany in accordance with paragraph 5 of
this Annex.
Without waiting for the decisions of the
Commission referred to in paragraph 4 of this
Annex to be taken. Germany must continue
the delivery to France of the agricultural ma-
terial referred to in Article III of the renewal
dated January 16. 1919. of the Armistice.
ANNEX V.
1.
Germany accords the following1 options for
the delivery of coal and derivatives of coal to
the undermentioned signatories of the present
Treaty.
Germany undertakes to deliver to France
seven million tons of coal per year for ten
years. In addition, Germany undertakes to
deliver to France annually for a period not
exceeding ten years an amount of coal equal
to the difference between the annual produc-
tion before the war of the coal mines of the
Nord and Pas de Calais, destroyed as a result
of the war. and the production of the mines
of the same area during- the years in question :
such delivery not to exceed twenty million
tons in any one year of the first five years,
and eiprht million tons in any one year of the
succeeding five years.
It is understood that due dilig-ence will bp
rxnrcised in the restoration of the destroyed
mines in the Nord and the Pas de Calais.
3.
Germany undertakes to deliver to Belgium
eight million tons of coal annually for ten
years.
Germany undertakes to deliver to Italy up
to the following quantities of coal.
July. 1919. to June. 1920 4. 500^00
July. 1920. to June. 1921 6.000,000
July. 1921. to June. 3922 7.500,000
July. 1922. to June 1923 8.000, OOO
July, 1923. to June. 1924 8.500.000
and each of the following- five years. 8,500,000
At least two-thirds of the actual deliveries
to be land-borne.
5.
Germany further undertakes to deliver annu-
ally to Luxemburg, if directed by the Repara-
tion Commission, a quantity of coal equal to
the pre-war annual consumption of German
coal in Luxemburg.
6.
The prices to be paid for coal delivered un-
der these options shall be as follows:
(a) For overland delivery, including1 deliv-
ry by barge, the German pithead price to
German nationals, plus 'the freight to French.
Belgian. Italian or Luxemburg frontiers, pro-
vided that the pithead price does not exceed
the pithead price of British coal for export,
[n the case of Belgian bunker coal, the price
shall not exceed the Dutch bunker price.
Railroad and barge tariffs shall not be high,
r than the lowest similar rates paid in Ger-
many
(b) For sea delivery, the German export
price f. o. b. German ports, or the British
588
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
export price f. o. b. British ports, whicheve:
may be lower.
The Allied and Associated Governments in
lerested may demand the delivery in place
of coal, of metallurgical coke in the proper
tion of three tons of coke to four tons o:
coal.
o.
Germany undertakes to deliver to France
and to transport to the French frontier by
rail or by watep. the follow"
three ye
.__ following- products, dur
ing each of the three years following the
coming into force of this Treaty:
Tons
Benzol 35.000
Coal tar 50.00C
Sulphate of ammonia 30.000
All or part of the coal tar may. at the
option of the French Government, be re-
placed by corresponding quantities of prod-
ucts of distillation, such as light oils, heavy
oils, anthracene, naphthalene or Ditch.
9.
The price paid for coke and for the articles
referred to in the preceding paragraph shall
be the same as the price Paid by German
ship-
Ger-
and shall be subject "to "any ad-
rhich may_ be accorded similar
nationals under the same conditions p
ment to the French frontier or to
man ports.
vantages whic
products furnished to German nationals.
10.
The foregoing options shall be exercised
through the intervention of the Reparation
Commission, which, subject to the specific
provisions hereof, shall have power to deter
mine all questions relative to procedure and
the qualities and quantities of products, the
quantity of coke which may be substituted
for coal, and the times and modes of delivery
and payment. In giving notice to the Ger-
man Government of the foregoing options the
Commission shall give at least 120 days' notice
of deliveries to be made after January 1.
1920. and at least 30 days' notice of de-
liveries to be made between the coming into
force of this Treaty and January 1. 1920.
Until Germany has received the demands re-
ferred to in this paragraph, the provisions
of the Protocol of December 25. 1918 (Exe-
cution of Article VI of the Armistice of
November 11. 1918) remain in force. The
notice to be given to the German Government
of the exercise of the right of substitution
accorded by paragraphs 7 and 8 shall be such
as the Reparation Commission may consider
sufficient. If the Commission shall determine
that the full exercise of the foregoing options
would interfere unduly with the industrial
requirements of Germany, the Commission is
authorised to postpone or to cancel deliveries,
and in so doing to settle all questions of
priority: but the coal to replace coal from
destroyed mines shall receive priority over
other deliveries.
ANNEX VI.
1.
Germany accords to the Reparation Com-
mission an option to require as part of rep-
aration the delivery by Germany of such
quantities and kinds of dyestuffs and chem-
ical drugs as the Commission may designate,
not exceeding 50 per cent, of the total stock
of each and every kind of dyestuff and chem-
ical drug in Germany or under German con-
trol at the date of the coming into force of
the present Treaty.
This option shall be exercised within sixty
•days of the receipt by the Commission of
such particulars as to stocks as may be con-
sidered necessary by the Commission.
Germany further accords to the Reparation
Commission an eption to require delivery dur-
ing the period from the date of the coming
into force of the present Treaty until January
1. 1920. and during each period of six months
thereafter until January 1. 1925. of any speci-
nea kind of dyestuff and chemical drug up
to an amount not exceeding- 25 per cent of
the German production of such dyestuffs and
chemical drugs during the previous six months
period. If in any case the production during-
such previous six months was. in the opinion
of the Commission, less than normal, the
amount required may be 25 per cent, of the
normal production.
Such option shall be exercised within four
weeks after the receip.t of such particulars
as to production and in such form as may
be considered necessary by the Commission-
these particulars shall be furnished by the
German Government immediately after the ex-
piration, of each six months period.
o
For dyestuffs and chemical drugs delivered
under paragraph 1. the price shfll be fixed
by the Commission, having regard to pre-war
f export prices and to subsequent increases
For dyestuffs and chemical drugs delivered
under paragraph 2. the price shall be fixed
Commission, having ^egard to pre-war
net export prices and subsequent variations
i °r * l «e lowest net selling price of
other purchaser! &nd chenucal *™** to any
^ • detaijs- including* mode and times of
exercising the options, and making delivery
and all other questions arising under • this
arrangement shall be determined by the Repa-
ration Commission: the German Government
will furnish to the Commission all necessary
information and other assistance which it may
require.
5.
sale.
present
ANNEX VII.
Germany renounces on her own behalf and
(n behalf of her nationals in favour of the
"htTrt !Allied and Associated Powers all
ights. titles or privileges of whatever
set out
Teneriffe to
Germai
Vigo- ">: fr°m the Straits of D»ver to
Jen-Brest: from off Cherbourg to Brest-
^nenffe: from off Dunkirk to off
(1) : from the Straits of
from the Straits of
ew York (1): from Fayal to New
eneriffe;
Emden-j
Azores
Dover to Fayal ;
Emden-Azores (2) :
)over to Fayal-
Azores-Ne1
brk;
Monrovia-Lome :
from about.... {jj^
to about ) jo^o
and from about
:2° 30' N- :
Lome-Duala: from Lome to Duala-
from °ff '
from
Yap-Shanerhai
(Cele
Yap-G
rom Y
from Yap Island to Guam
sl
Yao
fro
land
and to Mena-do
uam a
ap Islan
ado
nd Yao-Menad
nd to Shanghai
Island, and fro
-
,£*£. valUe of -the above mentioned cables or
portions thereof in so far as they are privately
owned, calculated on the basis of the original
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
589
' Section II.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS.
Article 245.
Within six months after the coming- into
force of the present Treaty the German Gov-
ernment must restore to the French Govern-
ment the troohies. archives, historical souve-
nirs or works of art carried away from France
b.v the German authorities in the course of the
war of 1870-1871 and during this last war. in
accordance with a list which will be communi-
cated to it by the French 'Government; partic-
ularly the French flag's taken in the course
of the war of 1870-1871 and all the political
papers taken by the German authorities on
October, 10. 1870, at the chateau of Cercay
near Brunoy (Seine-et-Oise), belonging; at the
time to Mr. Rouher. formerly Minister of
Article 246.
Within eix months from the coming: into
force of the present TieaLv. Germany will re-
store to His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz
the original Koran of the Caliph Othman.
which was removed from Medina by the Turk-
ish authorities and is stated to have been pre-
sented to the ex-Emperor William II.
Within the same period Germany will hand
over to Eis Britannic Majesty s Government
the skull of the Sultan Mkwawa. which was
removed from the Protectorate of German
East Africa and taken to Germany.
The delivery of the articles above referred to
will be effected in -such place and in such con-
ditions as may be laid down by the Govern-
ments to which they are to be restored.
Article 247.
Germany undertakes to furnish to the Uni-
versity of Louvain. within three months after
a request made by it and transmitted through
the intervention of the Reparation Commis-
sion manuscripts, incunabula, printed hooks,
maps and objects of collection corresponding
in number and value to those destroyed in the
burning by Germany of the Library of Lou-
vain. All details regarding1 such replacement
w;ill be determined by the Reparation Commis-
Germany undertakes to deliver to Belgium,
through the Reparation Commission, within
six months of the coming into force of the
present Treaty, in order to enable Belgium to
reconstitute two great artistic works:
(1) The leaves of the triptych of the Mys-
tic Lamb painted by the Van Eyck brothers,
formerly in the Church of St. Bavon at
Ghent, now in the Berlin Museum:
(2) The leaves of the triptych of the Last
Supper, painted by Dierick Bouts, formerly
in the Church of St. Peter at Louvain. two
of which are now in the Berlin Museum and
two in the Old Pinakothek at Munich.
PART IX.
FINANCIAL CLAUSES.
Article 248.
Subject to such exceptions as the Repara-
tion Commission may approve, a first charge
upon all the assets and revenues of the Ger-
man Empire and its constituent States shall
be the cost of reparation and all other costs
arising under the present Treaty or any trea-
ties or agreements supplementary thereto or
under arrangements concluded between Ger-
many and the Allied and Associated Powers
during the Armistice or its extensions.
Up to May 1. 1921. the German Govern-
ment shall not export or dispose of. and
shall forbid the export or disposal of erold
without the previous approval of the 'Allied
and Associated Powers acting through the
Reparation Commission.
Article 249.
There shall be paid by the German Gov-
ernment the total cost of all armies of the
md Associated Governments in occu-
pied German territory from
signature of the Armistice of
the date of the
Nc
1918. including the keep of "men and beasts!
lodging and billeting, pay and allowances
salaries and wages, bedding, heating, lighting
clothing, equipment, harness and saddlery
armament and rolling stock, air services'
treatment of sick and wounded, veterinary and
remount services, transport service of all sorts
(such as by rail, sea or river, motor lorries)
communications and correspondence, and in
general the cost of all administrative or tech-
nical services the working of which is neces-
sary for the training of t;oops and for keep-
ing their numbers up to strength and preserv-
ing their military efficiency.
The cost of such liabilities under the above
heads so far as they relate to purchases or
requisitions by the Allied and Associated Gov-
ernments in the occupied territories shall be
paid by the German Government to the Allied
and Associated Governments in marks at the
current or agreed ^fe of exchange. All other
of the above costs shall be paid in gold marks.
Article 250.
Germany confirms the surrender of all ma-
terial handed over to the Allied and Associated
Powers in accordance with the Armistice of
November 11, 1918, and subsequent Armistice
Agreements, and recognises the title of the
Allied and Associated Powers to such ma-
terial.
There shall be credited to the German Gov-
ernment, against the sums due from it to the
Allied and Associated Powers for reparation,
the value, as assessed by the Reparation Com-
mission, referred to in Article 233 of Part
VIII (Reparation) of the present Treaty, of
the material handed over in accordance with
Article VII of the Armistice of November 11,
1918. or Article III of the Armistice Agree-
ment of January 16, 1919. as well as of any
other material handed over in accordance with
the Armistice of November 11. 1918. and of
subsequent Armistice Agreements, for which.
a,s having nonmilitary value, credit should in
the judgment of the Reparation Commission be
allowed to the German Government.
Property belonging to the Allied and Asso-
ciated Governments or their nationals restored
or surrendered under the Armistice Agreements
in specie shall not be credited to the German
Government.
Article 251.
The priorit
Article 248
made below, be as
(a) The cost of the armies of occupation as
defined under Article 249 during the Armistice
and its extensions:
(b) The cost of any armies of occupation as
defined under Article 249 after the coming-
into force of the present Treaty: ^
(c) The cost of reparation arising' out of
the present Treaty or any treaties or conven-
tions supplementary thereto:
(d) The cost of all other obligations incum-
bent on Germany under the Armistice Con-
ventions or under this Treaty or any treaties
or conventions supplementary thereto.
The payment for such supplies of food and
raw material for Germany and such other pay-
ments as may be judged by the Allied and As-
sociated Powers to be essential to enable Ger-
many to meet her obligations in respect of
reparation will have priority to the extent
and upon the conditions which have been or
may be determined by the Governments of the
said Powers.
Article 252.
.The right of each of the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers to dispose of enemy assets and
property within its jurisdiction at th-e date of
the com'ng into force of the present Treaty i»
not affected by the foregoing provisions.
Article 258.
Nothing in the foregoing provisions shall
prejudice in any manner charges or mort-
gages lawfully effected in favour of the Allied
ity of the charges established by
shall, subject to the qualifications
"ollo\
590
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
or Associated Powers or their nationals re-
spectively, before the date at which a state
of war existed between Germany and the Al-
lied or Associated Power concerned, by the Ger-
man Empire or its constituent States, or by
German nationals, on assets in their owner-
fchip at that date.
Article 251.
The Powers to which German territory is
ceded shall, subject to the Qualifications made
in Article 255, undertake to pay:
(1) A portion of the debt of the German
Empire as it stood on August 1. 1914. cal-
culated on the basis of the ratio between the
average for the three financial years 1911.
1912. 1913, of such revenues of the ceded
territory, and the average for the same years
of such revenues of the whole German Empire
as in the judgment of the Reparation Com-
mission are best calculated to represent the
relative ability of the respective territories to
make payment:
(2) A portion of the debt as it stood on
August 1. 1914, of the German State to
which the ceded territory belonged, to be de-
termined in accordance with the principle
stated above.
Such portions! shall be determined by the
Reparation Commission.
The method of discharging- the oblig-ation
both in respect of capital and of interest, so
assumed shall be fixed by the Reparation Com-
mission. Such method may take me form,
inter alia, of the assumption of the Power to
which the territory is ceded of Germany's lia-
bility for the German d~bt held by her na-
tionals. But in the event of the method
adopted involving1 any payments to the, Ger-
man Government, such payments shall
transferred to the Reparation Commission on
account of the sums due for reparation so long-
as any balance in respect of such sums re-
mains unpaid.
Article 255.
(1) As an exception to the above provision
and inasmuch as in 1871 Germany refused to
undertake any portion of the burden of the
French debt. France shall be. in resnect of Al-
sace-Lorraine, exempt from any payment under
Artio e_~. ...^ ^^ ^f Poland that portion of
'n the opinion of the Reoai
mission. is_attributable_to the mea'9-
(2) In the ca
the debt which,
tioa Commission
ra-
„..„„ „ ,
ures taken by the German and Prussian Gov-
ernments for the German colonisation of Po-
land shall be excluded from the apportionment
to be made under Article 254.
in the opinion of the Reparation Commission
by the Government
>r States upon the
represents expenditure by the Governments of
Empire or States upon the Gov-
ernment properties referred to in Article 256
the German Empire
shall be excluded from the apportionment to
be made under Article 254.
Article 256.
Powers to which German territory is ceded
shall acauire all property and possessions sit-
uated therein belonerinar to the German Em-
pire or to the German States, and the value of
such acquisitions shall be fixed by the Repara-
tion Commission, and paid by the State ac-
auiriner the territory to the Reparation Com-
mission for the credit of the German Govern-
ment on account of the sums due for repara-
tion.
For the purposes of this Article the property
Germajn Empire and
e_prop-
States shall be deemed to include _
erty of the Crown, the Empire or the States
and the private property of the former Ger-
man Emperor and other Royal personages.
In view of, the terms on which Alsaoe-Lor-
in 1871.
raine was ceded to Germany
Franc
shall be exempt in respect thereof from mak-
iner any payment or credit under this Article
for anv property or possessions of the German
Empire or States situated therein.
Belsrium also shall be exempt from making-
any payment or credit under this Article for
any property or possessions of the German
Empire orStates situated in German territory
ceded to Belgium under the present Treaty.
Article 257.
In the case of the former German terri-
tories, including- colonies protectorates or de-
pendencies, administered by a Mandatory un-
der Article 22 of Part I (League of Nations)
of the present Treaty, neither the territory
nor the Mandatory Power shall be charged
with any portion of the debt of the German
Empire or States.
All property and possessions belonging to
the German Empire or to the German States
situated in such territories shall be trans-
ferred with the territories to the Mandatory
Power in its capacity as such and no payment
shall be made nor any credit given to those
Governments in cons.deration of this transfer.
For the purposes of this Article the prop-
erty and possessions of the German Empire
and of the German States shall be deemed to
include all the property of the Crown, the
Empire or the States and the private property
of the Former German Emperor and other
Royal personages.
Article 258.
Germany renounces all rights accorded to
her or her nationals by treaties, conventions
or agreements, of whatsoever kind, to repre-
sentation upon or participation in the con-
trol or administration of commissions, state
banks, agencies or other financial or economic
organisations of an international character,
exercising- powers of control or administration,
and operating1 in any of the Allied or Asso-
ciated States, or in Austria. Hungary. Bul-
g-aria or Turkey, or in the dependencies of
these States, or in the former Russian Em-
pire.
Article 259.
(1) Germany agrees to deliver within one
month from the date of the coming into force
of the present Treaty, to such authority as
the Principal Allied and Associated Powers
may designate the sum in gold which was
to be deposited in the Reichsbank in the name
of the Council of the Administration of the
Ottoman Public Debt as security for the first
issue of Turkish Government currency notes.
(2) Germany recognises her obligation to
make annually for the period of twelve yeara
the payments in gold for which provision i«
made in the German Treasury Bonds deposit-
ed by her from time to time in the name of
the Council of the Administration of the Otto-
man Public Debt as security for the second
and subsequent issues of Turkish Government
currency notes.
(3) Germany undertakes to deliver, within
one month from the coming- into force of the
present Treaty, to such, authority as the Prin-
cipal Allied and Associated Powers may des-
ignate, the gold deposit constituted in the
Reichsbank or elsewhere, representing the resi-
due of the advance in gold agreed to on May
5. 1915. by the Council of the Administra-
tion of the Ottoman Public Debt to the Im-
perial Ottoman Government.
(4) Germany agrees to transfer to the Prin-
cipal Allied and Associated Powers any title
that she may have to the sum in gold and
silver transmitted by her to the Turkish Min-
istry of Finance in November. 1918. in an-
ticipation of the payment to be made in May.
1919. for the service of the Turkish Inter-
n (5) Germany undertakes to transfer to the
Principal Allied and Associated Powers, with-
in a period of one month from the coming
into force of the present Treaty, any sums in
gold transferred as pledge or as collateral se-
curity to the German Government or its na-
tionals in connection with loans made by them
to the A.ustro-Hungarian Government.
(6) Without prejudice to Article 292 of Part
X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty,
Germany confirms the renunciation provided for
in Article XV of the Armistice of November
11. 1918, of any benefit disclosed by th«
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
591
Treaties of Bucharest and of Brest-Litovsk and
.-"^TV™ * ««;Qa o,ir>i-,io»np>ntarv thereto.
sums of money and all ri
ers in a manner hereafter to
these Powers.
determined
Without prejudice to the renunciation of any
riehts by Germany on behalf of nerseii or 01
hlr nationals in the other provisions of the
Sresent Treaty, the Reparation Commission
may within one year from the coming into
force of the present Treaty demand that tl
German Government become possessed of any
rights and interests of German nationals in
any Public utility undertaking or in any con-
cession operating in Russia, China, Turkey,
Austria. Hungary and Bulgaria, or in the
possessions of dependencies of these States or
in any territory formerly ^J°ngingr _to <*«£
many or her allies, to be ceded by Germany
or her allies to any Power or to be adminis-
tered by a Mandatory under the present
Treaty, and may require, that the German Gov-
ernment transfer, within six months, of the
date of demand, all such rights and interests
and any similar rights and interests the Ger-
man Government may itself possess to the
*8£S£g s^an^'^sponsible for indemnify-
ing her nationals so dispossessed, and the Rep-
aration Commission shall credit Germany, on
account of sums due for reparation, with
such sums in respect of the value of the
transferred rights and interests as may be
assessed by the Reparation Commission, and
the German Government shall, within six
months from the coming into force of the
present Treaty, communicate to the Reparation
Commission all such rights and interests.
whether already granted, contingent or not
yet exercised, and shall renounce on behalf of
itself and its nationals in favour of . the
Allied and Associated Powers, all such nghts
and interests which have not been so com-
municated.
Article 261.
Germany undertakes to transfer to the Allied
and Associated Powers any claims she may
have to payment or repayment by the govern-
ments of Austria. Hungary, Bulgaria or Tur-
key, and. in particular, any claims which may
arise, now or hereafter, from the fulfilment
of undertakings made by Germany during the
war to those Governments.
Article 262.
Any monetary obligation due by Germany
arising out of the present Treaty and ex-
pressed in terms of gold marks shall be pay-
able at the option of the creditors in pounds
sterling payable in London: gold dollars of
the United States of America payable in New
York; gold francs payable in Paris; or gold
lire payable in Rome.
For the purpose of this Article the gold
coins mentioned above shall be defined as be-
ing of the weight and fineness of gold as
enacted by law on Jan. 1, 1914.
Article 26S.
Germany gives a guarant?e to the Brazilian
Government that all sums representing the
«ale of coffee belonging to the State of Sao
Paolo in the ports of Hamburg Bremen Ant-
werp and Trieste, which were deposited with
tho Bank of Bleichroeder at Berlin, shall be
reimbursed together with interest at the rate
or rates agreed upon. Germany having pre-
vented the transfer of the sums in question to
the State of Sao Paolo at the proper time.
guarantees also that the reimbursement shall
effected at the rate of exchange of the
day of the deposit.
PART X.
ECONOMIC CLAUSES.
Section 1.
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS.
Chapter I.
Customs Regulations, Duties and Restriction*.
Article 264.
Germany undertakes that goods the produce
or manufacture of any one of the Allied or
Associated States imported into German terri-
tory, from whatsoever place arriving, shall
not be subjected to other or higher duties or
charges (including internal charges) than those
to which the like groods the produce or manu-
facture of any other such State or of any
other foreign country are subject.
Germany will not maintain or impose any
prohibition or restriction on the importation
into German territory of any goods the prod-
uce or manufacture of the territories of any
one of the Allied or Associated States, from
whatsoever place arriving, which shall not
equally extend to the importation of the like
goods the produce or manufacture of any other
such State or of .any other foreign country.
Article 265.
Germany further undertakes that, in the
matter of the regime applicable on importa-
tion, no discrimination against the commerce
of any of the Allied and Associated States as
compared with any other of the said States or
any other foreign country shall be made,
even by indirect means, such as customs regu-
lations or procedure, methods or verification
or analysis conditions of payment of duties,
tariff classification, or interpretation. Or the
operation of monopolies.
Article 266.
In all that concerns exportation Germany
undertakes that goods, natural products or
manufactured articles, exported from German
territory to the territories of any one of the
Allied or Associated States shall not be sub-
jected to other or higher duties or charges
( including internal charges) than those paid
on the like goods exported to any other euch
State or to any other foreign country.
Germany will not maintain or impose any
prohibition or restriction on the exportation
of any goods sent from h^r territory to any
one of the Allied or Associated States which
shall not equally extend to the exportation
of the like goods, natu-al products or manu-
factured articles, sent to any other Such State
or to any other foreign country.
Article 267.
Every favour, immunity or privilege in re-
gard to the importation, exportation or transit
of goods granted by Germany to any Allied
or Associated State or to any other foreign
country whatever shall simultaneously and un-
conditionally, without request and without
compensation, be extended to all the Allied
and Associated States.
Article 268.
The provisions of Articles 264 to 267 in.
elusive of this Chapter and of Article 323 of
Part XII (Ports. Waterways and Railways)
of the present Treaty are subject to the fol-
Ir.wing exceptions:
(a) For a period of five years from the
coming into force of the present Treaty, nat-
ural or manufactured products which, both
originate in and come from the territories of
Alsace and Lorraine reunited to France shall,
on importation into German customs territory,
be exempt from all customs duty.
The French Government shall fix each year,
by decree communicated to the German Gov-
ernment the nature and amount of the prod-
ucts which shall enjoy this exemption.
592
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
The amount of each product which may be
thus sent annually into Geimany shall not ex-
ceed the average of the amounts sent annually
in the years 1911-1913.
Further during- the period above mentioned
the German Government shall allow the free
export from Germany and the free re-importa-
tion into Germany, exempt from all customs
duties and other charges (including- internal
charges), of yarns, tissues and other textile
materials or textile products of any kind and
n any condition, sent from Germany into the
territories of Alsace or Lorraine, to be sub-
jected there to any finishing- process, .such as
bleaching; dyeing, printing, memorisation, gras-
sing, twisting cr dressing. .
(b) Durine: a period of three years from the
coming into force of the Present Treaty natu-
ral or manufactured products which both, orig-
inate in and come from Polish
_ am territories
which before the war were part of Germany
shall, on importation into German customs
territory, be exempt from all customs duty.
The Polish Government shall fix each year,
iff
"whichTshall enioy this exemption.
e amount of each product which
thus sent annually into Germany shall not
by decree communicated to the German Gov-
ernment the nature and amount pi the prod-
ucts which shall enio.v this exemc'
The amount of each product w
thus sent annually into Germany
may be
of the amounts sent annually
sociated Powers re-
Germany to accord
ity, on importation
into German customs territory to na
products and manufactured articles whic
originate in and come from the Grand
of Luxemburg- for a period of five years from
the comine into force of the present Treaty.
The nature and amount of the products
which shall enjoy the benefits of this regime
shall be communicated each year to the Ger-
each product which may be
thus sent annually into Germany shall not ex-
ceed the averaee of the amounts sent annually
in the years 1911-1913.
Article 269.
During- the first six months after the comins:
into force of the present Treaty, the duties
imposed by Germany on imports from Allied
and Associated States^ shall not be higher than
the most favourable duties which were applied
to imports into Germany on JuLv 31. 1914.
During a further period of thirty months
after the expiration of the first six months,
this provision shall continue to be applied ex-
clusively with regard to products which, beiner
comprised in Section A of the First Cateerory
of the German Customs Tariff of December 25.
1902, en j eyed at the above-mentioned date
(July 31^ 1914) rates conventionalised by
treaties with the Allied and Aesociated Powers
with the addition of all kinds of wine and
vegetable oils, or artificial silk and of washed
or scoured wool, whether or not they were the
subject of special conventions before July 81.
Article 270.
The Allied and Associated Powers reserve the
right to apply to German territory occupied
by their troops a special customs regime as
regards imports and exports, in the event .of
euch a measure being necessary in their opin-
ion in order to safeguard the economic inter-
ests of the population of these territories.
Chapter 11.
SHIPPING.
Article 271.
As regards sea fishing, maritime coasting
trade and maritime towage, vessels of the
Allied and Associated Powers shall enjoy, in
German territorial waters, the treatment ac-
corded to vessels of the most favoured na-
tion.
Article 272.
Germany agrees that, notwithstanding any
stipulation to the contrary contained in the
Conventions relating to the North Sea fish-
eries and liquor traffic, all rights of inspec-
tion and police shall, in the case of fishing1
boats of the Allied Powers, be exercised sole-
ly by ships belonging to those Powers.
Article 273.
In the case of vessels of the Allied or As-
sociated Powers, all classes of certificates or
documents relating; to the vessel, which were
recognised as valid by Germany before the
war. or which may hereafter be recognised as
valid by the principal maritime States, shall
be .recognised by Germany as valid and as
equivalent to the corresponding- certificates
issued, to German vessels.
A similar recognition shall be accorded to
the certificates and documents issued to their
vessels by the Governments of new States,
whether they have a sea-ooast or nrt. pro-
vided that such certificates and documents
shall be issued in conformity with the gen-
eral practice observed in the principal mari-
time States.
The High Contracting- Parties agree to rec-
ognise the flag flown by vessels of an Allied
or Associated Power having1 no sea-coast which
are registered at some one specified place
situated in its territory: such place shall serve
as the port of registry of such vessels.
Chapter 111.
Unfair Competition.
Article 271.
Germany undertakes to adopt all the nec-
essary legislative and administrative measures
to protect goods the produce or manufacture
of any one of the Allied and Associated Pow-
ers from all forms of unfair competition in
commercial transactions.
Germany undertakes to prohibit and repress
by seizure and by other appropriate remedies
the importation, exportation, manufacture.
distribution, sale or offering for sale in its
territory of all goods bearirg upon themselves
or their usual get-up or wrappings any marks,
names, devices or description whatsoever
which are calculate/! to convey directly or
indirectly a false indication of the origin.
type, nature or special characteristics of euch
Article 275.
Germany undertakes on condition that reci-
procity is accorded in these matters to re-
Bpect any law. or any administrative or ju-
dicial decision given in conformity with such
force in any Allied or Associated
dicial decision given in conformity with such
Itw. in force in any Allied or Associated
State and duly communicated to her by the
proper authorities, defining or regulating the
right to any regional appellation in respect
of .wine or spirits produced in the State to
which the region belongs, or the conditions
under which the use of any such appellation
may be permitted, and the importation, ex-
portation. manufacture, distribution, sale or
offering for si-le of products or articles bear-
ing regional appellations inconsistent with
such law or order shall be prohibited by the
German Government and reprec«ed by the
measures prescribed in the preceding article.
Chapter IV.
Treatment of Nationals of Allied and
Associated Powers.
Article 276.
Germany undertakes:
(a) Not to subject the nationals of the
Allied and Associated Powers to any prohi-
bition in regard to the exercise of occupa-
tions. professions, trade and industry, which
shall not be equally applicable to all aliens
without exception:
(b) Not to subject the nationals of the
Allied and Associated Powers in regard to
the rights referred to in paragraph (a) to
any regulation or restriction which might con-
travene directly or indirectly the stipulations
of the said paragraph, or which shall be
other or more disadvantageous than those
which are applicable to nationals of the most
favoured nation:
(c) Not to subject the nationals of the
Allied and Associated Powers, their property,
rights or interests, including companies and
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
593
associations in which they are Interested, to
aiiv charge. tax or impost, direct or indirect,
is? SraBjr.rffl?
of any
Jubr 1 1914 to the nationals of .such Pow-
efs unless s^ch%tr1ction is likewise imposed
on her own nationals.
Article 277.
The nationals of the Allied and Associated
Powers shall enjoy in German territory a con-
eitant protection for their persons and for
their property rights and interns, and shall
have free access to the courts of law.
Article 278.
Germany undertakes to recognise any new
giance to their country of origin.
Article 279.
The Allied and Associated Powers may ap-
consuls, vice-consuls.
a
•^eSsasJW
with the usual rules and customs.
Chapter V.
General Articles.
Article 280.
«v« wars from the date of the coming into
f(£ceyof the Present Treaty, unless otherwise
iSovided in the text, or unless the tCouP^}
of the League of Nations shall, at least
twelve months before the expirntion of that
period, decide that these obligations shall be
maintained for a further penod with or with-
Aroo Chanter IV shall remain in
operation, with or without amendment after
the period of five years for such further pet
riod. if any. not exceeding- five years, as may
be determined by a majority of the Council
of the League of Nations.
Article 281.
If the German Government engages in in-
ternational trade, it shrll not .in respect there-
of have OP be de^m^d to have any rights.
privileges or immunities of sovereignty.
Section II.
TREATIES.
Article 282.
From the coming in,to force of. the present
Treaty and subject to the provisions thereof
the' 'multilateral treaties, conventions and
agreements of an economic or technical char-
a^ter enumerated below and in the subsequent
Articles shall alone be applied as between. Ger-
many and those of the Allied and Associated
Powers party thereto:
(1) Conventions of March 14. 1884, Decem-
ber 1 1886, and March 23
14. 18,
, 1887. and Final
ber , an arc , .
Protocol of July 7. 1887. regarding the pro-
tection of submarine cables. -„/»« •,
C8J Convention of October 11. 1909. regard-
ing the international circulation of motor-cars.
(3) Agreement of May 15. 1886. regarding
the sealing of railway trucks subject to cus-
toms' inspection, and Protocol of May 18.
19(°47) Agreement of May 15. 1886 regarding
the technical standa
.
rdisation of railways.
(5) Convention of July 5. 1890, regarding
the publication of customs tariffs and the or-
ganisation of an International Unton for the
pxiblication of customs tariffs.
(C5) Convention of .December 31. 1913. re-
garding the unification of commercial statis-
tics.
(7) Convention of April 25. 1907, regarding
the raising of the Turkish customs tariff.
(8) Convention of March 14. 1857. for the
redemption of toll dues on the Sound and
Belts.
(9) Convention of June 22, 1861. for the
redemption of the Stacfe Toll on the Elbe
(10) Convention of July 16. 1863, for 'the
redemption of the toll dues on the Scheldt.
(11) Convention of October 29. 1888, re-
garding the establishment of a definite ar-
rangement guaranteeing- the free use of the
Suez Canal.
(12) Conventions of September 23. 1910.
respecting1 the unification of certain regula-
tions regarding1 collisions and salvage at sea.
(13) Convention pf IDecember 21. 1904, re-
garding. the exemption of hospital ships from
dues ana charges in ports.
(14) Convention of February 4. 1898. re-
garding the tonnage measurement of vessels
for inland navigation.
(15) Convention bf September 26. 1906, for
the suppression of night work for women.
(16) Convention of September 26. 1906. for
the suppression of the use of white phos-
phorus in the manufacture of matches.
M (17) Conventions of May 18. 1904. and May
4, 1910. regarding- the suppression of the
White Slave Traffic.
flS) Convention of May 4 1910. regarding-
the suppression of obscene publications.
(19) Sanitary Conventions of January 30.
1892. April 15. 1893, April S. 1894, March
19. 1 897. and December 3, 1903.
(20) Convention of May 20. 1875. regard-
e- unification and i
c system.
.
ing- t
metri
. .
improvement of the
.
(21) Convention of November 29. 1906. re-
garding1 tha unification of pharmacopoeia!
formula? for potent drugs.
(22) Convention of November 16 and 19,
1855. regarding1 the establishment of a concert
pitch.
(23) Convention of June 7. 1905. regarding1
the creation of an International Agricultural
Institute at Rome.
(24) Conventions of November 3. 1881. and
Anril 15. 1889. regarding- precautionary meas-
ures against phylloxera.
(25) Convention of March 19. 1902.
gafding the protection of birds useful to agri-
12. 1902. as
culture.
(26) Convention of June
to
the protection of minors.
Article 28 S.
From the coming into force of the present
Treaty the High Contracting- Parties shall
apply the conventions and agreements herein-
after mentioned, in sr> far as concerns them,
on condition that the special stipulations con-
tained in this Article are fulfilled by Germany.
Postal Conventions:
Conventions and agreements of the Universal
Postal Union concluded at Vienna. July 4.
Conventions and agreements of the Postal
Union signed at Washington June 15. 1897.
Conventions and agreements of the Postal
Union signed at Rome May 26. 1906.
Telegraphic Conventions:
International Telegraphic Conventions signed
at St. Petersburg July '
10-22. 1875.
ind Tariffs drawn up
'elegraphic Conference.
by the
Lisbon.
Regulations
International '
June 11, 190£
Germany undertakes not to refuse her ae-
sent to the conclusion by the n*>w States of
the special arrangements referred to in the
conventions and arrangements relating- to the
Universal Postal Union and to the Interna-
tional Telegraphic Union, to which the said
new States have adhered or may adhere.
594
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Artidle 1884.
From the coming1 into lorce of the present
Treaty the High Contracting Parties shall ap-
ply, in eo far as concerns them, the Interna-
tional Radio-Telegraphic Convention of July o.
1912. on condition that Germany fulfils the
provisional regulations which will be indi-
cated to her by the Allied and Associated
Powers.
If within five years after the coming- into
force of the present Treaty a new convention
even if Germany should refuse either to take
part in drawing up the convention, or to sub-
scribe thereto.
This new convention will likewise replace
the provisional regulations in force.
Article 285.
From the coming into force of the present
Treaty the High Contracting Parties shall
apply in so far as concerns them <and under
the conditions stipulated in Article 272 the
conventions hereinafter mentioned:
(1) The Conventions of May 6. 1882. and
February 1. 1889. regulating the fisheries in
the North Sea outside territorial
(2) The Conventions and Prot
vember 16. 1887. February 14
April 11. 1894. regarding- the
liauor traffic.
Article 286.
The International Convention of Paris of
March 20. 1883. for the protection of in-
dustrial property, revised at Washington on
June 2. 1911: and the International Conven-
tion of Berne of September 9, 1886. for the
protection of literary and artistic works, re-
vised at Berlin on November 13. 1908. and
completed by the additional Protocols signed
at Berno on March 20. 1914. will again come
into effect as from the coming into force of
the present Treaty, in so far as they are not
affected or modified by the exceptions and re-
strictions resulting1 therefrom.
Article 287.
From the coming into force of the present
Treaty the High Contracting Parties shall ap-
ply in so far as concerns them, the Conven-
tion of the Hague of July 17. 1905. relating-
to civil procedure. This renewal, however, win
not apply to France, Portugal and Roumania.
Article 288.
rhts and privileges granted to
ial rig
>y Article 3 of the Convention of
1899. relating to Samoa shall be
o have terminated on August 4.
The
Germany
December
considered
I14< Article 289.
Each of the Allied or Associated Powers,
being guided by the general principles or
special provisions of the present Treaty, shall
notify to Germany the bilateral treaties or
conventions which such Allied or Associated
Power wishes to revive with Germany.
The notification referred to in the present
Article shall be made either directly or
through the intermediary of another Power.
Receipt thereof shall be acknowledged in writ-
ing1 by Germany. The date of the revival
shall be that of the notification.
The Allied and Associated Powers undertake
among themselves not to revive with Germany
any conventions or treaties which are not in
accordance with the* terms of the present
The notification shall mention any provisions
of the said conventions and treaties which,
not being in accordance with the terms of the
present Treaty, shall not be considered as re-
in case of any difference of opinion, the
League of Nations will be called on to decide.
A period of six months from the coming
into force of *,he present Treaty is allowed
to the Allied and Associated Powera within
which to make the notification.
Only those bilateral treaties and conventions
which have been the subject of such a notifl-'
cation shall be revived between the Allied and
Associated Powers and Germany; all the others
are and shall remain abrogated.
The above regulations apply to all bilateral
treaties or conventions existing between all
the Allied and Associated Powers signatories
to the present Treaty and Germany, even if
the said Allied and Associated Powers have
not been in a state oi war with Germany.
Article t90.
Germany recognises that all the treaties,
conventions or agreements which she has coo-
cluded with Austria. Hungary, Bulgaria or
Turkey since August 1. 1914. until the com-
ing into force of the present Treaty are and
remain abrogated by the present Treaty.
Article 291.
Germany undertakes to secure to the Allied
and Associated Powers, and to the officials
and nationals of the said Powers, the enjoy-
ment of all the rights and advantages of any
kind which she may have granted to Austria,
Hungary. Bulgaria or Turkey, or to the offi-
cials and nationals of these States by treaties,
conventions or arrangements concluded before
August 1. 1914, so long as those treaties, con-
ventions or arrangements remain in force.
The. Allied and Associated Powers reserve
the right to accept or not the enjoyment of
these rights and advantages.
Article £98.
Germany recognises that all treaties, con-
ventions or arrangements which she concluded
prei
a part of Russia, or with Roumania, before
with Russia, or with any State or Govern-
ment of which the territory previously formed
August 1. 1914, or after that date until com-
ing1 into force of the present Treaty, are and
remain abrogated.
Article S9S.
Should an Allied or Associated Power. Rus-
sia, or a State or Government of which the
territory formerly constituted a part of Russia
have been forced since August 1. 1914, by rea-
son of military occupation or by any other
means or for any other cause, to grant or
to allow to be granted by the act of any
public authority, concessions, privileges and
favours of any kind to Germany or to a
German national, such concessions, privileges
and favours are ipso facto annulled by the
present Treaty.
No claims or indemnities which may result
from this annulment shall be charged against
the Allied or Associated Powers or the Powers,
States, Governments or public authorities
which are released from their engagements
by the present Article.
Article 294.
From the coming into force of the present
Treaty Germany undertakes to give the Allied
and Associated Powers and their nationals
the benefit ipso facto of the rights and ad-
vantages of any kind which she has granted
by treaties, conventions, or arrangements tc
non-belligerent States or their nationals since
August 1, 1914, until the coming into force of
the present Treaty, so long as those treaties,
conventions or arrangements remain in force.
Article 295.
Those of the High Contracting Parties who
have not yet signed, or who have signed but
not yet ratified, the Opium Convention signed
at The Hague on January 23. 1912. agree tc
bring the said Convention into force, and for
this purpose to enact the necessary legisla-
tion without delay and in any case within a
period of twelve months from the coming into
force of the present Treaty.
Furthermore, they agree that ratification of
tho present Treaty should in the case of Pow-
ers which have not yet ratified the Opium Con-
vention be deemed in all respects equivalent
to the ratification of that Convention and to
the signature of the Special Protocol whi«h
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
595
waa opened at The Hague in accordance with
the resolutions adopted by the Third Opium
Conference in 1914 lor bringing the said Con-
vention into force.
For this purpose the Government of the
French Republic will communicate to the Gov-
ernment of the Netherlands a certified copy
of the protocol of the deposit of ratifications
of the present Treaty, and will invite the
Government of the Netherlands to accept and
deposit the said certified copy as if it were
a deposit of ratifications of the Opium Con-
vention and a signature of the Additional
Protocol of 1914.
.Section 111.
DEBTS.
Article 296.
There shall be settled through the inter-
vention of clearing1 offices to be established
by each of the High Contracting Parties with-
in three months of the notification referred
to in paragraph (e) hereafter the following1
classes of pecuniary obligations:
(1) Debts payable before the war and due
by a national of one of the Contracting Pow-
ers, residing within its territory, to a na-
tional of an Opposing Power, residing within
(2) Debts' which became payable during the
war to nationals of one Contracting Power
residing within its territory and arose out of
transactions or contracts with the nationals
of an Opposing Power, resident within its
territory, of which the total or partial exe-
cution was suspended on account of the dec-
laration of war.
(3) Interest which has accrued due before
ind during the war to a national of one of
the Contracting Powers in respect of securi-
ties issued by an Opposing1 Power, providod
that the payment of interest on such securi-
ties to the nationals of that Power or to
neutrals has not been suspended during the
war.
(4) Capital sums which have become pay-
able before and during the war to nationals
of one of the Contracting Powers in respect
of securities issued by one of the Opposing
Powers, provided that the payment of such
capital sums to nationals of that Power or
to neutrals has not been suspended during
the war.
The proceeds of liquidation of enemy prop-
erty, rights and interests mentioned in Sec-
tion IV and in the Annex thereto will be
accounted for through the Clearing Offices.
in the currency and at the rate of exchange
hereinafter provided in paragraph (d). and
disposed of by them under the conditions pro-
vided by the said Section and Annex.
The settlements provided for in this Article
shall be effected according to the following
principles and in accordance with the Annex
to this Section:
(a) Each of the High Contracting Parties
shall prohibit, as from the coming into force
of the present Treaty, both the payment and
the acceptance of payment of such debts, and
also all communications between the inter-
ested parties with regard to the settlement of
the said debts otherwise than through the
clearing offices.
(b) Each of the High Contracting Parties
shall be respectively responsible for the pay-
ment .of such debts due by its nationals ex-
cept in the cases where before the war the
debtor was in a state of bankruptcy or fail-
ure, or had given formal indication of in-
solvency or where the debt was due by a
company whose business has been liquidated
under emergency legislation during the war
Nevertheless, debts due by the inhabitants on
territory invaded or occupied by the enemy
before the Armistice will not be guaranteed
by the States of which those territories form
*(cl\, Thr?- !Pms due to th« nationals of one
of the High Contracting Parties by the na-
tionals of an Opposing State will be debited
to the Clearing Office of the country of the
debtor, and paid to the creditor by the Cltur-
ng Office of the country of the creditor.
(d) Debts shall be paid or credited in the
currency of such one of the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers, their colonies or protectorates
or the British Dominions or India, as may be
concerned. If the debts are payable in some
other currency they shall be paid or cred-
ited in the currency of the country con-
cerned, whether an Allied or Associated Pow-
er. Colony. Protectorate, British Dominion or
India, at the pre-war rate of exchange.
For the purpose of this provision the pre-
war rate of exchange shall be defined as the
average cable transfer rate prevailing in the
Allied or Associated country concerned during
the month immediately preceding the outbreak
of war between the said country concerned
and Germany.
If a contract provides for a fixed rate of
exchange governing the conversion of the cue-
rency in which the debt is stated into the
currency of the Allied or Associated country
concerned, then the above provisions concern-
ing the rate of exchange shall not apply.
In. the case of new States the currency in
which and the rate of exchange at which debts
shall be paid or credited shall be determined
by _the Reparation Commission provided for
in Part VIII (Reparation) i
,_. The provisions of this Ar _
the Annex hereto shall not apply as between
(e)
v J.J.J. v j-vcMcii aiiiwu/ .
ie provisions of this Article and of
Germany on the one hand and any one of the
Allied and Associated Powers, their colonies
or protectorates or any one of the British Do-
minions or India on the other hand, unless
within a period of one month from the de-
posit of the ratification of the present Treaty
by the Power in question, or of the ratifica-
tion on behalf of such Dominion or of In-
dia. notice to Jhat effect is given to Ger-
f such Allied ojr
Associated Power or of such Dominion or ol
many by the Government of such Al
India as the case may be:
(f) The Allied and Associated Powers who
have adopted this Article and the Annex
hereto may agree between themselves to ap-
ply them to their respective nationals estab-
lished in their territory so far as regards
matters between their nationals and German
nationals. In this case the payments made
by application of this provision will be sub-
ject to arrangements between the Allied and
Associated Clearing Offices concerned.
ANNEX.
1.
Each of the High Contracting Parties will,
within three months from the notification pro-
vided for in Article 296. paragraph (e). estab-
lish a Clearing Office for the collection and
payment of enemy debts.
Local Clearing Offices may be established for
rny particular portions of the territories of the
Hifrh Contracting: Parties. Such local Clearing:
Offices may perform all the functions of a
central Clearing Office in their respective dis-
tricts. except that all transactions with the
Clearing Office in the Opposing State must be
effected through the central Clearing Office.
2.
In this Annex the pecuniary obligations re-
ferred to in the first paragraph of Article 293
are described as "enemy debts", the persons
from whom the same are due as "enemy
debtors", the persons to whom they are due
as "enemy creditors", the Clearing Office in
the country of the creditor is called the
"Creditor Clearing Office", and the Clearing
Office in the country of the debtor is called
the "Debtor Clearing Office."
3.
The High Contracting Parties will subject
contraventi
296
ons of paragraph (a) of Article
o the same penalties as are at present
n
provided by their legislation for trading with
the enemy. They will similarly prohibit with-
in their territory all legal process relating to
payment of enemy debts except in accoraancc
with the provisions of this Annex.
596
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
4.
The Government guarantee specified in par-
agraph (b) of Article 296 shall take effect
whenever for any reason, a debt shall not be
recoverable, except in a case where at the
date of the outbreak of war the debt was
barred by the laws of prescription in force
in the country of the debtor, or where the
debtor was at that time in a state of bank-
ruptcy or failure or had given formal indica-
tion of insolvency or where the debt was due
by a company whose business has been liqui-
dated under emergency legislation during- the
war. In such case the procedure specified by
this Annex shall apply to payment of the
dividends.
The terms "bankruptcy" and "failure" refer
to the application of legislation providing- for
such juridical conditions. The expression
"formal indication of insolvency'' bears the
same meaning1 as it has in English law.
5.
Creditors shall give notice to the. Creditor
Clearing1 Office within six months of its estab-
lishment of debts due to them, and shall fur-
nish the Clearing1 Office with any documents
and information reauired of them.
The High Contracting- Parties will take all
suitable measures to trace and punish col-
lusion between enemy creditors and debtors.
The Clearing- Offices will communicate to one
another any evidence and information which
might help the discovery and punishment of
such collusion.
The High Contracting- Parties will facili-
tate as much as possible postal and tele-
graphic communication at the expense of the
parties concerned and through the interven-
tion of the Clearing- Offices between debtors
and creditors desirous of coming- to an agree-
ment as to the amount of their debt.
The Creditor Clearing Office will notify the
Debtor Clearing- Office of all debts declared
to it. The Debtor Clearing Office will, in due
course, inform the Creditor Clearing Office
which debts are admitted and which debts
are contested. In the latter case the Debtor
Clearing Office will give the grounds for the
non-admission of debt.
6.
When a debt has been admitted, in whole
or in part, the Debtor Clearing Office will
at once credit the Creditor Clearing- Office
with the amount admitted, and at the same
time notify it of such credit.
7.
The debt shall be deemed to be admitted
in full and shall be credited forthwith to
the Creditor Clearing Office unless within three
months from the receipt of the notification
or such longer time as may be agreed to
by the Creditor Clearing- Office notice has been
given by the Debtor Clearing Office that it is
with regard to which his refusal shall be dis-
allowed.
Such interest shall run from the date of
expiration of the period provided for in para-
graph 7 until the date on which the claim
shall have been disallowed or the debt paid
Each Clearing- Office shall in so far as it
is concerned take steps to collect the finea
above provided for. and will be responsibll
if such fines cannot be collected.
. The fines will be credited to the other Clear-
mg- Office which shall retain them as a con-
tribution towards the cost of carrying- out the
present provisions.
11.
The balance between the Clearing- Offices
shall be struck monthly and the credit bal-
ance paid in cash by the debtor State within
Nevertheless, any credit balances which may
be due by one or more of the. Allied and
Associated Powers shall be retained until com-?
plete payment shall have been effected of the
cums due .to the Allied or Associated Pow-
ers or their nationals on account of the war.
12.
. To facilitate discussion between the Clear,
ing- Offices each of them shall have a rep-
resentative at the place where the other is
established.
"I ^?
. Except for special reasons, all discussions
in reg-ard to claims will, so far as possible
take place at the Debtor Clearing- Office.
14.
<3f.
not admitt
8.
When the whole or part of a debt is not
admitted the two Clearing- Offices will exam-
ine into the matter jointly and will endeavour
to bring- the parties to an agreement.
9.
The Creditor Clearing- Office will pay to
the individual creditor the sums credited to
it out of the funds placed at its disposal
by the Government of its -country and in ac-
cordance with the conditions fixed by the said
Government, retaining; any sums considered
necessary -to cover risks, expenses or com-
missions.
10.
Any person having- claimed payment of an
enemy debt which is not admitted in whole
or in part shall pay to the Clearing- Office.
by way of fine, interest at 5 per cent, on
the part not admitted. Any person having- un-
duly refused to admit the whole or part of
a debt claimed from him shall pay. by way
of fine, interest at 5 per cent, on the amount
The Debtor Clearing Office will therefore
credit the Creditor- Clearing- Office with aU
debts admitted, even in case of inability to
collect them from the individual debtor Tha
Governments concerned will, nevertheless in-
vest their respective Clearing Offices with all
necessary powers for the recovery of debts
which have been admitted.
Aa an exception, the admitted debts owing1
by persons having suffered injury from acts
of war Phall only be credited to the Creditor
Clearing- Office when the compensation due to
*he person concerned in respect of such in-
ury shall have been paid.
Each Government will defray the expenses
of the Clearing Office set up in its terri-
tory, including the salaries of the staff.
16.
Where the two Clearing Offices are unable to
agree whether a debt claimed is due, or in
case of a difference between an enemy debtor
ana an enemy creditor or between the Clearing-
Offices, the dispute shall either be referred
to arbitration if tbe parties so agree under
conditions fixed by agreement between them,
or referred to the - Mixed Arbitral Tribunal
provided for in Section VI hereafter.
At the request of the Creditor Clearing Office
the dispute may. however, be submitted to
the jurisdiction cf the Courts of the place of
domicile of the debtor.
17.
Recovery of sums found by the Mixed Ar-
bitral Tribunal, the Court, or the Arbitration
Tribunal to be due shall be effected through
the Clearing- Offices as if these sums wer»
debts admitted by the Debtor Clearing Office.
18.
Each of the Governments concerned shall
appoint an agent who will be responsible for
the presentation to the Mixed Arbitral Tribu-
ml of the cases conducted on behalf of its
Clearing Office. This agent will exercise a
general control ov«>r the representatives or
counsel employed by its nationals.
Decisions will be arrived at on documentary
evidence, but it will be open to the Tribunal
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
697
to hear the parties in person, or according
to their preference by their representatives
approved by the two Governments, or by the
agent referred to above. I who shall be com-
petent to intervene along- with the party or
to reopen and maintain a claim abandoned
by the same.
19.
The Clearing1 Offices concerned will lay be-
fore the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal all the In-
formation and documents in their possession,
so as to enable the Tribunal to decide rapidly
on the cases which axe brought before it.
20.
Where one of the parties concerned appeals
against the joint decision of the two Clearing-
Offices he shall make a deposit against the
costs which deposit shall only be refunded
when the first judgment is modified in favour
of the appellant and in proportion to the suc-
cess he may attain, his opponent in case of
such a refund being- reauired to pay an
equivalent proportion of the costs and ex-
penses. Security accepted by the Tribunal
may be substituted for a deposit.
A fee of 5 per cent, of^the amount in dis-
pute shall be charged in respect of all cases
brought before the Tribunal. This fee shall,
unless the Tribunal directs otherwise, be borne
by the unsuccessful party. Such fee shall be
added to the deposit referred to. It is also
independent of the security.
The Tribunal may award to one of the
parties a sum in respect of the expenses of
the proceedings.
Any sum payable under this paragraph shall
be credited to the Clearing Office of the suc-
cessful party as a separate item.
21.
With a view to the rapid settlement of
claims due regard shall be paid in the ap-
nntment _pf all persons connected , with the
Clearing Offices or with the Mixed Arbitral _.
bunal to thrir knowledge of the language of
the other country concerned.
Each of the Clearing Offices will be at liber-
ty to correspond with th» other and to forward
documents in its own language.
22.
Subject to any special agreement to the
contrary between the Governments concerned,
debts shall carry interest in accordance with
the following provisions:
Interest shall not be payable on sums of
money due by way of dividend, interest or
other periodical payments which themselves
represent interest on capital.
The rate of interest shall be 5 per cent, per
annum except in cases where, by contract, law
or custom, the creditor is entitled to payment
of interest at a different rate. In such cases
the rate to which he is entitled shall prevail.
Interest shall run from the date of com-
mencement of hostilities (or. if the sum of
money to be recovered fell due during the
war from the date at which it f"ll due) nn
til the sum is credited to the Clearing Office
of the creditor.
Sums due by way of interest shall be treat-
ed as debts admitted by the Clearing- Offices
and shall be credited to the Creditor Clear-
ing- Office in the same way as such debts.
23.
or
held
Where by decision of the Clearing Offices
the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal a claim is h
not to fall within Article 296, the creditor
shall be at liberty to prosecute the claim be-
fore the Courts or to take such other pro-
ceedings as may be open to him.
The presentation of a claim to the Clearing
Office suspends the operation of any period of
prescription.
24.
The High Contracting- Parties agree to re-
gard the decisions of the Mixed Arbitral Tri-
bunal as final and conclusive, and to render
them binding upon their nationals.
25.
In any case where a Creditor Clearing Of-
fice declines to notify a claim to the Debtor
Clearing Office, or to take any step provided
for in this Annex, intended to make effective
in whole or in part a request of which it has
received due notice, the enemy creditor shall
be entitled to receive from the Clearing Office
a certificate setting out the amount of the
claim, and shall then be entitled to prosecute
the claim before the courts or to take such
other proceedings as may be open to him.
Section IV.
PROPERTY, RIGHTS AND INTERESTS.
Article 297.
The question of private property, rights and
interests in an enemy country shall be set-
tled according to the principles laid down in
this Section and to the provisions of the An-
nex hereto.
(a) The exceptional war measures and
measures of transfer (defined in paragraph. 3
of the Annex hereto) taken by Germany
with respect to the property, rights and in-
terests of nationals of Allied or Associated
Powers, including companies and associations
in which they are interested, when liquida-
tion has not been completed, shall be immedi-
ately discontinued or stayed and the property,
rights and interests concerned restored to their
owners, who shall enjoy full rights therein
in accordance with the provisions of Article
298.
(b) Subject to any contrary stipulations
which may be provided for in the present
Treaty the Allied and Associated [.Powers re-
serve the nght to retain and liquidate all
property, rights and interests belonging at the
date of the coming into force of the present
Treaty to German nationals, or companies
controlled by them, within their territories,
colonies, possessions and protectorates, in-
cluding territories ceded to them by the pres-
The liquidation shall be carried out in ac-
cordance with the laws of the Allied or As-
sociated State concerned. and the German
owner shall not be able to dispose of such
property, rights or interests nor to subject
them to any charge without the consent of
thGermtaanenationals who acquire ipso facto the
nationality of an Allied or Asspciated Power
in accordance with the provisions of the
present Treaty will not be considered as Ger-
man nationals within the meaning of this
paragraph.
(c) The price or the amount of compensa-
tion in respect of the exercise of the right
referred to in the preceding paragraph (b)
will be fixed in accordance with the methods
of sale or valuation adopted by the laws of
the country in which the property has been
retained or liquidated.
(d) As between the Allied and Associated
Powers or the*r nationals on the one hand and
Germany or her nationals on the other hand,
all the exceptional war measures, or meas-
ures of transfer, or acts done or to be done
in execution of such measures as defined in
paragraphs 1 and 3 of the Annex hereto shall
be considered as final and binding upon all
persons except as regards the reservations laid
down in the present Treaty.
(e) The nationals of Allied and Associated
Powers shall be entitled to compensation m
respect of dairnpre or injury inflicted upon their
property, rights or interests, including any
company or association in which they are 11
terested. in German territory as it existed on
August 1. 1914. by the application either of
the exceptional war measures or measures o
transfer mentioned in paragraphs 1 .and .3 of
the Annex hereto The claims made in this re-
spect by such nationals shall be investigated,
and the total of the compensation shall be de-
termined by the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal pro-
598
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
vided for in Section VI or by an Arbitrator
appointed by that Tribunal. This compensa-
tion shall be borne by Germany, and may be
charged upon the property of German nation-
als within the territory or under the control
of the claimant's State. This property may
be constituted as a pledge for enemy lia-
bilities under the conditions fixed by Para-
graph 4 of the Annex hereto. The payment
of this compensation may be made by the Al-
or Associated State and the amount will
debited to Germany.
(f) Whenever a national of an Allied or
Associated Power is entitled to propea-ty which
has been subjected to a measure of transfer
in German territory and expresses a desire fpr
its restitution, his claim for compensation in
accordance with paragraph (e) snail oe
satisfied by the restitution of the said prop-
erty if it still exists in specie.
In such case Germany shall take all neces-
sary steps to restore the evicted owner to the
possession of his property, free from .all en-
cumbrances or burdens with which it may
have been charged after the liquidation, and
to indemnify all third parties injured by the
reff * the°restitution provided for in this para-
graph cannot be effected, private agreements
arranged by the intermediation of the Powers
concerned or the Clearing Offices provided for
in the Annex to Section III may be made,
in order to secure that the national of the
Allied or Associated Power may secure com-
pensation for the injury referred to- in para-
graph (e) by the grant of advantages or
equivalents which he agrees to accept in
place of the property, rights or interests of
which he was deprived.
Through restitution in accordance with
this Article, the price or the amount of com-
pensation fixed by the application of paragraph
(e) will be reduced by the actual value of
the property restored, account being taken of
compensation in respect of loss of use or
deterioration.
(g) The rights conferred by paragraph (f)
are reserved to owners who are nationals of
Allied or Associated Powers within whose
territory legislative measures prescribing the
general liquidation of enemy property, rights
or interests were not applied before the signa-
ture of the Armistice.
(h) Except in cases where, by application
of paragraph (f). restitutions in specie have
been made, the net proceeds of sales of enemy
property, rights or interest wherever situated
carried out either by virtue of war legislation,
or by application of this Article, and in gen-
eral all cash assets of enemies, shall be dealt
with as follows:
(1) As regards Powers adopting Section HI
and the Annex thereto, the said proceeds and
c?sh assets shall be credited to the Power of
which the owner is a national, through the
Clearing Office established thereunder; any
credit balance in favour of Germany result-
ing therefrom shall be dealt with as provided
in Article 243.
(2) As regards Powers not adopting Section
III and the Annex thereto, the proceeds of the
property, rights and interests, and the cash
assets, of the nationals of Allied or Associated
Powers held by Germany shall be paid im-
mediately to the person entitled thereto or to
his Government: the proceeds of the property,
rights and interests, and the cash assets, of
German nationals received by an Allied or As-
sociated Power shall be subject to disposal
by such Power in accordance with its laws
and regulations and may be applied in pay-
hient of the claims and debts defined by this
Article or paragraph 4 of the Annex hereto.
Any property, rights and interests or proceeds
thereof or cash assets not used as above pro-
vided may be retained by the said Allied or
Associated Power and if retained the cash
value thereof shall be dealt with as pro-
vided in Article 243.
In the case of liquidations effected in new
States which are signatories of the present
Treaty as Allied and Associated Powers, or in
States which are not entitled to share in the
reparation payments to be made by Germany,
the proceeds of liquidations effected by such
States shall, subject to the rights of the Rep-
aration Commission under the present Treaty,
particularly under Articles 235 and 260. be
paid direct to the owner. If on the appli-
cation of that owner, the Mixed Arbitral Tri-
bunal, provided for by Section VI of this
Part, or an Arbitrator appointed by that Tri-
bunal, is satisfied that the conditions of the
sale or measures taken by the Government of
the State in question outside its general legis-
lation were unfairly prejudicial to the price
obtained, they shall have discretion to award
to the owner equitable compensation to be
paid by that State.
(i) Germany undertakes to compensate her
nationals in respect of the sale or retention
of their property, rights or interests in Allied
or Associated States.
(j) The amount of all taxes and imposts
upon capital levied or to be levied by Ger-
many on the property, rights and interests
of the nationals of the Allied or Associated
Powers from November 11. 1918. until three
months from the coming into force of the
present Treaty, or. in the case of property,
rights or interests which have been subjected
to exceptional measures of war, until resti-
tution in accordance with the present Treaty,
shall be restored to the owners.
Article 298.
Germany undertakes, with regard to the
property, rights and interests, including com-
panies rnd associations in which they were
interested, restored to nationals of Allied and
Associated Powers in accordance with the
provisions of Article 297. paragraph (a) or
(a) to restore and maintain, except as ex-
pressly provided in the present Treaty, the
property, rights and interests of the nation-
als of Allied or Associated Powers in the
legal position obtaining in respect of the
property, rights and interests of German na-
tionals under the laws in force before the
war:
. (b) not to subject the property, rights or
interests of the nationals of the Allied or
Associated Powers to any measures in dem-
otion of property rights which are not ap-
plied equally to the property, rights and in-
terests of German nationals, and to pay adet
ouate compensation in the event of the ap-
plication of these measures.
ANNEX.
1.
In accordance with the provisions of Article
?97. paragraph (d). the validity of vesting-
orders and of orders for the winding up of
businesses or companies, and of any other or-
ders, directions, decisions or instructions of
any court or any department of the Govern-
ment of any of the High Contracting Parties
made or given, or purporting to be made or
given, in pursuance of war legislation with
regard to enemy property, rights and inter-
ests is confirmed. The interests of all per-
sons shall be regarded as having been ef-
fectively dealt with by any order, direction,
decision or instruction dealing with property
in which they may be interested, whether or
not such interests are specifically mentioned
in the order, direction, decision or instruc-
tion. No question shall be raised as to the
regularity . of a transfer of any property,
rights or interests dealt with in pursuance of
any such order, direction, decision or instruc-
tion. Every action taken with regard to any
property, business, or company, whether as
regards its investigation, sequestration, com-
pulsory administration, use. requisition su-
pervision, or winding up. the sale or manage-
ment of property, rights or interests, the col-
lection or discharge of debts, the payment of
costs, charges or expenses, or any other mat-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
699
ter whatsoever, in pursuance of orders, direc-
tions. decisions or instructions of any court
or of any department of the Government of
any of the High Contracting Parties, made
or given. or purporting to be made or given
an pursuance of war legislation with regard
to enemy property, rights or interests, is con-t
firmed. Provided that the provisions of this
paragraph shall not be held to prejudice the
titles to property heretofore acquired in good
oun?yd fi SSSf
nati°nals Of the A
provisions of this paragraph do not ap-
ply to such of the above-mentioned measures
as have been taken by the German authorities
m invaded or occupied territory, nor to such
of the above-mentioned measures as have been
taken by Germany or the German authorities
since November 11, 1918. all of which shall
be void.
2.
No claim or action shall be made or brought
against any Allied or Associated Power or
against any person acting on behalf of or un-
der the direction of any legal authority or De-
partment of the Government of such a Power
by Germany or by any German national
wherever resident in respect of any act or
omission with regard to his property, rights or
interests during the war or in preparation for
the war. Similarly no claim or action shall be
made or brought against any person in re-
spect of any act or omission under or in ac-
cordance with the exceptional war measures,
laws or regulations of any Allied or Associ-
J Power.
ated
'
In Article 297 and this Annex the ex-
pression "exceptional war measures" includes
measures of all kinds, legislative, adminis-
trative, judicial or others, that have been tak-
en or will be taken hereafter with regard to
enemy property, and which have had or will
have the effect of removing from the propri-
etors the power of disposition over their
property, though without affecting the own-
ership. such as measures of supervision, of
compulsory administration, and of sequestra-
tion; or measures which have had or will
have as an object the seizure of. the use of,
or the interference with enemy assets, lor
whatsoever motive, under whatsoever form or
in whatsoever place. Acts in the execution of
these measures include all detentions, instruc-
tions, orders or decrees of Government depart-
ments or courts applying- these measures to
enemy property, as well as acts performed by
any person connected with the administration
or the supervision of enemy property, such as
the payment of debts, the collecting of cred-
its. the payment of any costs, charges or ex-
penses. or the collecting of fees.
Measures of transfer are those which have
affected or will affect the ownership of enemy
property by transferring' it in whole or in
part to a person other than the enemy owner,
and without his consent, such as measures di-
recting the sale, liquidation, or devolution of
ownership in enemy p
of titles or securities.
property, or the cancelling
All property, rig-hts and interests of Ger-
man nationals within the territory of any Al-
lied or Associated Power and the net proceeds
of their sale, liquidation or other dealing there-
with may be chargred by that Allied or Asso-
ciated Power in the first place with payment
of amounts due in respect of claims by tne
nationals of that Allied or Associated Power
with regard to their property, rights and in-
terests, including companies and associations in
which they are interested, in German territory,
or debts owing to them by German nationals,
and with paymerrt of claims growing out of
arts committed by the German Government or
by any German authorities since July 31, 1914,
and before that Allied or Associated Power en-
tered into the war. The amount of such
claims may be assessed by an arbitrator ap-
pointed by Mr. Gustavo Ador. if he is willing,
or if no such appointment is made by him,
by an arbitrator appointed by the Mixed Ar-
bitral Tribunal provided for in Section VI.
They may be charged in the second place
with payment of the amounts due in respect
of claims by the nationals of such Allied or
Associated Power with regard to their prop-
erty, rights and interests in the territory of
other enemy Powers, in so far as those claims
are otherwise unsatisfied.
5.
Notwithstanding1 the provisions of Article
297 where immediately before the outbreak
of war a company incorporated in an Allied or
\ssociated State had rights in common with
a company controlled by it and incorporated
in Germany to the use of trade-marks in third
countries, or enjoyed the use in common
with such company of unique means of re-
production of goods or articles for sale in
third countries, the former company shall
alone have the right to nse these trade-marks
in third countries to the exclusion of the Ger-
man company, and these unique means of re-
production shall be handed over to the former
company, notwithstanding any action taken
under German war legislation wifh regard to
the latter company or its business, industrial
property or shares. Nevertheless, the former
company, if requested, shall deliver the lat-
ter company derivative copies permitting the
continuation of reproduction of articles for use
within German territory.
6.
Up to the time when restitution is carried
put in accordance with Article 297. Germany
is responsible for the conservation of property,
rights and interests of the nationals of Allied
or Associated Powers^ including companies and
associations in which they are interested that
have been subjected by her to exceptional
war measures.
7.
Within one year from the comingr into force
of the present Treaty the Allied or Associated
Powers will specify the property, rights and
interests over which they intend to exercise
the right provided in Article 297. paragraph
8.
The restitution provided in Article 297 will
be carried out by order of the German Gov-
ernment or of the authorities which have been
substituted for it. Detailed accounts of the
action of administrators shall be furnished
to the interested persons by the German au-
thorities upon request, which may be made at
any time after the coming into force of the
present Treaty.
9.
f Until completion of the liquidation provided
for by Article 297, paragraph (b), the prop-
rt.v. rights and interests of German nationals
will continue to be subject to exceptional war
measures that have been or will be taken with
regard to them.
10.
Germany will, within six months from the
coming into force of the present Treaty, de-
liver to each Allied or Associated Power all
securities, certificates, deeds, or other docu-
ments of title held by its nationals and re-
lating to prooerty. rights or interests situated
in the territory of that Allied or Associated
Power, including1 any shares, stock, debentures,
debenture stock, or other obligations of any
company incorporated in accordance with the
laws of that Power.
Germany will at any time on demand of any
Allied or Associated Power furnish soich in-
formation as may be required with regard to
tho property, rights and interests of German
nationals within the territory of such Allied
or Associated Power, or with regard to any
transactions concerning1 such property, rights
or interests effected since July 1, 1914.
600
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
11.
The expression "cash assets" includes all
deposits or funds established before or after
the declaration of war. as well as all assets
coming1 from deposits, revenues or profits col-
lected by administrators, sequestrators or oth-
ers from funds placed on deposit or otherwise.
but does not include sums belonging1 to the
Allied or Associated Powers or to their com-
ponent States. Provinces, or Municipalities.
12.
All investments wheresoever effected with
the cash assets of nationals of the High Con-
tracting" Parties, including1 companies and as-
sociations in which such nationals were in-
tere'sted. by persons responsible for the ad-
ministration of enemy properties or having1
control over such administration, or by order
of such persons or of any authority whatso-
ever shall be annulled. These cash assets shall
be accounted for irrespective of any such in-
vestment.
13.
Within one month from the coming1 into force
of the present Treaty, or on demand at any
ill de
time. Germany wi
Associated Powers all accounts, vouchers, rec-
liver to the Allied and
accounts, vouchers, rec-
ords, documents and information of any kind
which may be within German territory ana
which concern the property, rights and inter-
ests of the nationals of those Powers, includ-
ing companirs and associations in which they
are interested, that have been subjected to an
exceptional war measure, or to a measure of
transfer either in German territory or in ter-
ritory occupied by Germany or her allies.
The controllers, supervisors, managers, ad-
ministrators. sequestrators. liquidators and re-
ceivers shall be personally responsible under
guarantee of the German Government for the
immediate delivery in full of these accounts
and documents, and for their accuracy.
14.
The provisions of Article. 297 and this Annex
relating to property, rights and interests in
an enemy country, and the proceeds of the
liquidation thereof, apply to debts, credits and
accounts. Section III regulating1 only the
method of payment.
In the settlement of matters provided for
in Article 297 between Germany and the Al-
lied or Associated States, their colonies or
protectorates, or any one of the British Do-
minions or India, in respect of any of which
a declaration shall not have been made that
they adopt Section III. and between their re-
spective nationals the provisions of Section
III revspec'ing the cuirency in which payment
is to be made and the rate of exchange and
of interest shall apply unless the Government
of the Allied or Associated Power concerned
shall within -six months of the coming into
force of the present Treaty notify Germany
that the said provisions are not to be ap-
plied.
15
The provisions of Article 297 and this An-
nex apply to industrial, literary and artistic
property which has been or will be dealt with
in the liquidation of property, rights, interests,
companies or businesses under war legislation
by the Allied or Associated Powers, or in ac-
cordance with the stipulations of Article 297.
paragraph (b) .
Section V.
CONTRACTS, PRESCRIPTIONS. JUDGMENTS.
Article 299.
(a) Any contract concluded between enemies
shall be regarded as having been dissolved as
from the time when any two of the parties
became enemies, except in respect of anv debt
or other pecuniary obligation arising 6ut of
any act done or money paid thereunder, and
subject to the exceptions and special rules with
regard to particular contracts or classes of
hereto0 contained herein or in the Annex
(b) Any contract of which the execution
-
Pe8o
ance with a contract between
Article SOO.
* P°r
3
en nmanntooe
a national of an Allied or Associ-
ated Power the claim of such national shall.
f the matter does not fall within the com^
petence of the Courts of an Allied or Asso-
ociated Power be heard by the Mixed Arbitral
Tribunal provided for by Section VI.
(c) Upon the application of any interested
person who is a national of an Allied or As-
sociated Power the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal
shall order the restoration of the rights which
have been prejudiced by the measures of exe-
cution referred to in paragraph (b), wherever.
having regard to the particular circumstances
of the case, such restoration is equitable and
possible.
If such restoration is inequitable or impos-
sible the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal may grant
compensation to the prejudiced party to be
t>aid by the German Government.
(d) Wh^T-p a contract Iv^'een enemies has
been dissolved by reason either of failure on
the part of either party to carry out its pro-
visions or of the exercise of a right stipulat-
ed in the contract itself th<> party prejudiced
may apply to the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal for
relief. The Tribunal will have the powers
prov:d°d for in paragraph (c).
(e) The provisions of the preceding para-
graphs of this Article shall apply to the na-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
601
tionals of Allied and Associated Powers who
have been prejudiced by reason of measures
referred to above taken by Germany in in-
vaded or occupied territory, if they have not
been otherwise compensated.
(f) Germany shall cpmpensate any third
party who may be prejudiced by any restitu-
tion or restoration ordered by the Mixed Ar-
bitral Tribunal under the provisions of the
preceding- paragraphs of this Article.
(g) As regards negotiable instruments, the
period of three months provided under para-
graph (a) shall commence as from the date
on which any exceptional regulations applied
in the territories of the interested Power with
regard to negotiable instruments shall have
definitely ceased to have force.
Article SOI.
As between enemies no negotiable instru-
ment made before the war shall be deemed
to have become invalid by reason only of
failure within the required time to present
the instrument for acceptance or payment or
to give notice of non-acceptance or non-pay-
ment to drawers or indorsers or to protest the
instrument, nor by reason of failure to com-
plete any formality during the war.
Where the period within which a negotiable
instrument should have been presented for ac-
ceptance or for payment, or with:n which
notice of non-acceptance or non-payment should
have been given to the drawer or indorser. or
within which the instrument should have been
protested, has elap?ed during1 the war, and the
party who should have presented or protested
the instrument or have given notice of non-
acceptance or non-payment has failed to do so
during the war. a period of not less than three
months from the coming into fq^ce of the
present Treaty shall be allowed within which
presentation, notice of non-acceptance or non-
payment or protest may be made.
Article 502.
Judgments given by the Courts of an Allied
or Associated Power in all cases, which,
under the present Treaty, they are competent
to decide, shall be recognised in Germany
aa final, and shall be enforced without it
being- necessary to have them declared execu-
If" a judgment in respect to any dispute
which may have arisen has been given dur-
ing1 the war by a German Court against a
national of an Allied or Associated State in
a case in which he was not able to maKe
his defence, the Alli-d or Associated na-
tional who has suffered prejudice thereby
"hall be entitled to recover compensation, to
be fixed by the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal pro-
vided for in Section VI.
At the instance of the national of the Allied
or Associated Power the compensation above-
mentioned may. noon ordor to that effect
of the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal, be effected
where it is possible by replacing- the parties
in the situation which they oeoup'rd befo-e
the judgment was given by the German .Court.
The above compunction mpy HjurwlM be
obtained before the M'xed Arbitral Tribunal
by the nationals of Allied or Associated Pow-
ers who have suffered prejudice by judioisl
measures taken in jnv-dod or occupied terri-
tories, if they have not been otherwise com-
pensated. AftMe s()g
For the purpose of Sections HI. IV. V and
VIE. the expression "during the war" means
for each Allied or Associ?'t**d Power the pe-
riod between the commencement of the state
of war between that Power and Germany and
the coming into force of the present Treaty.
ANNEX.
7. General Provisions.
Within the meaning of' Articles 299. 300 and
301. the parties to a con'.ract shall be re-
g-arded as enemies when trading between them
shall have been prohibited or otherwise be-
came unlawful under laws, orders or regula-
tions to which one of those parties was sub-
ject. They shall be deemed to have become
enemies from the date when such trading-
was prohibited or otherwise became unlawful.
2.
The following- classes of contracts are ex-
cepted from dissolution by Article 299 and,
without prejudice to the rights contained in
Article 297 (b) of Section IV. remain in
force subject to the application of domestic
laws, orders or regulations made during the
war by the Allied and Associated Powers and
subject to the terms of the contracts:
(a) Contracts haviog1 for their object the
transfer of estates or of real or personal
property where the property therein had
passed or the object had been delivered be-
fore the parties became enemies:
(b) Leases and agreements for leases ol
land and houses:
(c) Contracts of mortgag-e. pledge or lien;
(d) Concessions concerning- mines, quarries
or deposits:
(e) Contracts between individuals or com-
panies and States, provinces, municipalities,
or other similar juridical persons charged
with administrative functions, and concessions
granted by States, provinces, municipalities, or
other similar juridicial persons charged with
administrative functions.
3.
If the provisions of a contract are in part
dissolved under Article 209. the remaining-
provisions of that contract shall, subject to
the concurrence of the original insurer, be
provided for in paragraph 2. continue in force
if they are severable. but where they are not
severable the contract shall be deemed to
have been dissolved in its entirety.
11. Provisions Relating to Certain Classes of
Contracts.
Stock Exchange and Commercial Exchange
Contracts.
4.
(a) Rules made during- the war by any rec-
ognised Exchange or Commercial Associatien
providing- for the closure of contracts en-
tered into before the war by an enemy are
confirmed by the High Contracting- Parties, as
also any action taken thereunder, provided:
(1) That the contract was expressed to be
made subject to the rules of the Exchange or
Association in question:
(2) That the rules applied to all persons
(3) That the conditions attaching to the
closure were fair and reasonable.
._, >h shall not ap-
ply to rules made during the occupation by
(b) The
ling paragraph shall not
Exchanges or Commercial Associations in the
districts occupied by the enemy.
vc) The closure of contracts relating to cot-
ton "futures." which were closed as on July
31, 1914, under the decision of the Liverpool
Cotton Association, is also confirmed.
Security.
6.
The sale of a security held for an unpaid
debt owing by an enemy shall be deemed to
have been valid irrespective of notice to the
owner if the creditor acted in good faith and
with reasonable care and prudence, and no
claim by the debtor on the ground of such
sale shall be admitted.
This stipulation shall not apply to any sale
of securities effected by an enemy during the
occupation in regions invaded or occupied by
the enemy.
Negotiable Instruments.
6
As regards Powers which adopt Section IU
and the Annex thereto the pecuniary obliga-
tions existing between enemies and resulting
Irom the issue of negotiable instruments shall
be adjusted in conformity with the said An-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
nex by the instrumentality of the Clearing
Offices, which shall assume the rights of the
holder as regards the various remedies open
to him.
7.
If a person has either before or during the
war become liable upon a negotiable instru-
ment in accordance with an undertaking given
to him by a person who has subsequently be-
come an enemy, the latter shall remain liable
to indemnify the former in respect of his
liability notwithstanding the outbreak of war.
///. Contracts of Insurance.
8.
Contracts of insurance entered into by any
person with another person who subsequently
became an enemy will be dealt with in ac-
cordance with the following paragraphs.
Fire Insurance.
9.
Contracts for the insurance of property
against fire entered into by a person inter-
ested in such property with another person
who subsequently became an enemy shall not
be deemed to have been dissolved by the out-
break of war. or by the fact of the person be-
coming an enemy, or on account of the failure
during the war and for a period of three
months thereafter to perform his obligations
under the contract, but they shall be dissolved
at the date when the annual premium becomes
payable for the first time after the expiration
of a period of three months after the com-
ing into force of the present Treaty.
A settlement shall be effected of unpaid
premiums which became due during the war,
or of claims for losses which occurred dur-
ing the war.
Where by administrative or legislative action
an insurance against fire effected before the
war has been transferred during the war
from the original to another insurer, the
transfer will be recognised and the liability
of the original insurer will be deemed to have
ceased as from the date of the transfer. The
original insurer will, however, be entitled to
receive on demand full information as to the
terms of the transfer, and if it should ap-
pear that these terms were not equitable they
shall be amended so far as may be necessary
to render them equitable.
Furthermore, the insured shall, subject to
the concurrence of the original insurer, be
entitled to retransfer the contract to the
original insurer as from the date of the de-
mand.
Life Insurance.
11.
Contracts of life insurance entered into be-
tween an insurer and a person who subse-
quently became an enemy shall not be deemed
to have been dissolved by the outbreak of
war. or by the iact of the person becoming an
Any 'sum which during the war became due
upon a contract deemed not to have been dis-
solved under the preceding provision shall be
recoverable after the war with the addition
of interest at five per cent, per annum from
the date of its becoming due up to the day of
payment.
Where the contract has lapsed during the
war owing to non-payment of premiums, or
lias become void from breach of the conditions
of the contract, the assured or his representa-
tives or the person entitled shall have the
right at any time within twelve months of
the coming into force of the present Treaty to
claim from the insurer the surrender value
of the policy at the date of its lapse or
avoidance.
Where the contract has lapsed during the
war owing to non-payment of premiums the
payment of which has been prevented by the
enforcement of measures of war. the assured
or his representative or the persons entitled
shall have the right to restore the contract on
payment of the premiums with interest at
five per cent, per annum within three months
from the coming into force of the present
Treaty.
12.
Any Allied or Associated Power may within
three months of the coming into force of the
present Treaty cancel all the contracts of in-
surance running between a German insurance
company and its nationals under conditions
which shall protect its nationals from any
prejudice.
To this end the German insurance company
will hand over to the Allied or Associated
Government concerned the proportion of its
assets attributable to the policies so can-
celled and will be relieved from all liability
in respect of such policies. The assets to be
handed over shall be determined by an actu-
ary appointed by the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal.
13.
Where contracts of life insurance have been
entered into by a local branch of an insur-
ance company established in a country which
subsequently became an enemy country, the
contract shall, in the absence of any stipula-
tion to the contrai > in the contract itself, be
governed by the local law. but the insurer
shall be entitled to demand from the insured
or his representatives the refund of sums paid
on claims made or enforced under measures
taken during the war. if the making or en-
forcement of such claims was not in accord-
ance with the terms of the contract itself or
was not consistent with the laws or treaties
existing at the time when it was entered into.
14.
In any case where by the law applicable to
the contract the insurer remains bound by
the contract notwithstanding the non-payment
of premiums until notice is given to the in-
sured of the termination of the contract, he
shall be entitled where the giving of such
notice was prevented by the war to recover
the unpaid premiums with interest at five per
cent, per annum from the insured.
15.
Insurance contracts shall be considered as
contracts of life assurance for the purpose of
paragraphs 11 to 14 when they depend on
the probabilities of human life combined with
the rate of interest for the calculation of the
reciprocal engagements between the two par
Marine Insurance,
16. \
Contracts of marine insurance including time
policies and voyage policies entered into be-
tween an insurer and a person who subse-
quently became an enemy, shall be deemed
to have been dissolved on his becoming an
enemy, except in cases where the risk under-
taken in the contract had attached before (he
became an enemy.
Where the risk had not attached, money
paid by way of premium or otherwise shall be
recoverable from the insurer.
Where the risk had attached effect shall be
given to the contract notwithstanding the
party becoming an enemy, and sums due under
the contract either by way of premiums or
in respect of losses shall be recoverable after
the coming into force of the present Treaty.
In the, event of any agreement being come
to for the payment of interest on sums due
before the war to or by the nationals of
States which have been at war and recov-
ered after the war, such interest shall in the
case of losses recoverable under contracts of
marine insurance run from the expiration of
a period of one year from the date of the
loss.
• No contract of marine insurance with an
insured person AW'IO subsequently became an
enemy shall be deemed to cover losses due
to belligerent action by the Power of which
the insurer was a national or by the allies or
associates of such Power.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
603
18.
Where it is shown tnat a person who had
before the war entered into a contract oi
marine insurance with an insurer who sub-
sequently became an enemy entered alter the
outbreak of war into a new contract covering'
the same risk with an insurer who was not
an enemy, the new contract shall be deemed
to be substituted for the original contract as
from the date when it was entered into, and
the premiums payable shall b5 adjusted on the
basis of the original insurer having1 remained
liable on the contract only up till the time
when the new contract was entered into.
Other Insurances.
19.
Contracts of insurance entered into before
the war between an insurer and a person who
subsequently became an enemy, other than
contracts dealt with in paragraphs 9 to 18.
shall be treated in all respects on the same
footing as contracts of fire insurance between
the same persons would be dealt with under
the said paragraphs.
He-Insurance.
20.
All treaties of re-insurance with a person
who became an enemy shall be regarded as
having been abrogated by the person becoming
an enemy, but without prejudice in the case
of life or marine risks which had attached
before the war to the right to recover pay-
ment after the war for sums due in respect
of such risks.
Nevertheless if. owing to invasion, it has
been impossible for the re-insured to find an-
other re-insurer, the treaty shall remain in
force until three months after the coming into
force of the present Treaty.
Where a re-insurance treaty becomes void
under this paragraph, there shall be an ad-
justment of accounts between the parties in
respect both of premiums paid and payable
and of liabilities for losses in respect of life
or marine risks which had attached before
the war. In the case of risks other than
those mentioned in paragmnhs 11 to 18 the
adjustment of accounts shall be made as at
the date of the parties b°coming enemies with-
out regard to claims for losses which may
have occurred since that date.
21.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph
will extend equally to re-insurances existing at
the date of the parties becoming enemies 9!
particular risks undertaken by the insurer in
a contract of insurance against any risks
other than life or marine risks.
22.
Re-insurance of life risks effected by par-
ticular contracts and not under any general
treaty remain in force.
The provisions of paragraph 12 apply to
treaties of re-insurance of life insurance con-
tracts in which enemy companies are the re-
insurers.
23.
In case of a re-insurance effected before the
war of a contract of marine insurance, the
cession of a risk which had been ceded to
the re-insurer shall, if it had attached before
the outbreak of the war, remain valid and
effect be given to the contract, notwithstand-
ing the outbreak of war; sums due under the
contract of re-insurance in respect either of
premiums or of losses shall be recoverable
after the -war.
24.
The provisions of paragraphs 17 and 18 and
the last part of paragraph 16 shall apply to
contracts for the re-insurance of marine risks.
Section VI.
MIXED ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL.
Article SO*.
(a) Within three months from the date of
the coming into force of the present Treaty,
a Mixed Arbitral Tribunal shall be established
between each of the Allied and Associated
Powers on the one hand and Germany on the
other hand. Each such Tribunal shall con-
sist of three members. Each 01 the Govern-
ments concerned shall appoint one of these
members. The President shall be chosen by
agreement between the two Governments con-
cerned.
In case of failure to reach agreement, the
President of the Tribunal and two other per-
sons either of whom may in case of need
take his place, shall be chosen by the Coun-
cil of the League of Nations, or. until this
is set up. by M. Gustave Ador if he is willing.
These persons shall be nationals of Powers
that have remained neutral during the war.
If any Government does not proceed within
a period of one month in case there is a
vacancy to appoint a member of the Tribunal,
such member shall be chosen by the other
Government from the two persons mentioned
above other than the President.
The decision of the majority of the members
of the Tribunal shall be the decision of the
(b) The Mixed Arbitral Tribunals estab-
lished pursuant to paragraph (a) shall decide
all questions within then- competence under
Sections III. IV. V and VII.
In addition, all questions, whatsoever their
nature, relating to contracts concluded beiore
the coming into force of the present Treaty
between nationals of the Allied and Associ-
ated Powers and German nationals shall be
decided by the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal, al-
ways excepting questions which, under the laws,
of the Allied. Associated or Neutral Powers,
are within the jurisdiction of the National
Courts of those Powers. Such questions shall
be decided by the National Courts in ques-
tion, to the exclusion of the Mixed Arbitral
Tribunal. The party who is a national of an
Allied or Associated Power may nevertheless
bring the case before the Mixed Arbitral
Tribunal if this is not prohibited by the laws
of his country.
(c) If the number of cases justifies it. ad-
ditional members shall be appointed and each
Mixed Arbitral Tribunal shall sit in divisions.
Each of these divisions will be constituted as
3 (cTf'Each Mixed Arbitral Tribunal will set-
tle its own procedure except in so far as it
is provided in the following Annex, and it is
empowered to award the sums to be paid by
the loser in respect of the costs and expenses
of the proceedings.
(e) Each Government will pay the remunera-
tion of the member of the Mixed Arbitral
Tribunal appointed by it and of any agent
whom it may appoint to represent it before
the Tribunal. The remuneration of the Presi-
dent will be determined by special agreement
between the Governments concerned: and this
remuneration and the joint expenses of each
Tribunal will be paid by the two Govern-
ments in eoual moieties
(f) The High Contracting Parties agree that
their court* and authorities shall render to the
Mixed Arbitral Tribunals direct all the as-
sistance in their power, particularly as regards
transmitting1 notices and collecting evidence.
(?) The High Contracting Parties agree to
regard the decisions of the Mixed Arbitral
Tribunal as final and conclusive, and to render
them binding upon their nationals.
ANNEX.
1.
Should one of the members of the Tribunal
either die. retire, or be unable for any reason
whatever to discharge his function, the same
procedure will be followed for filling the va-
cancy as was followed for appointing him.
2
The Tribunal may adopt such rules of pro-
cedure as shall be in accordance with justice
604
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
and equity and decide the order and time at
which each party must conclude its arguments,
and may arrange all formalities required for
dealing with the evidence.
3.
The agent and counsel of the parties on
each side are authorized to present orally and
in writing to the Tribunal arguments in sup-
port or in defence of each case.
4.
The Tribunal shall keep record of the ques-
tions and cases submitted and the proceedings
thereon, with the dates of such proceedings.
5.
Each of the Powers concerned may appoint
a secretary. These secretaries shall act to-
fir£th,erLas J0mt secretaries of the Tribunal and
shall be subject to its direction. The Tribunal
may appoint and employ any other necessary
officer or officers to assist in the performance
6.
The Tribunal shall decide all questions and
matters submitted upon such evidence and in-
formation as may be furnished by the parties
COnC6FD6<l.
Germany agrees to give the Tribunal all
facilities and information required by it for
carrying out its investigations.
8.
The language in which the proceedings shall
be conducted shall, unless otherwise agreed
be English. French. Italian or Japanese, as
may be determined by the Allied or Associ-
ated Power concerned.
9.
The place and time for the meetings of
each Tribunal shall be determined by the
President of the Tribunal.
Article SOS.
Whenever a competent court has given or
fives a decision in a case covered by Sections
II, IV, V. pr VII, and such decision is in-
consistent with the provisions of such Sec-
tions, the party who is prejudiced by the de-
cision shall be entitled to obtain redress which
shall be fixed by the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal.
At the request of the national of an Allied or
Associated Power, the redress may whenever
possible, be effected by the Mixed Arbitral
Tribunal directing the replacement of the
parties in the position occupied by them be-
fore the judgment was given by the German
court.
Section VII.
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY.
Article SO 6.
Subject to the stipulations of the present
Treaty, rights ot industrial, literary and ar-
tistic property, as such property is defined by
the International Conventions of Paris and of
Berne, mentioned in Article 286. shall be re-
established or restored, as from the coming
into force of the present Treaty, in the terri-
tories of the High Contracting Parties, in
favour of the persons entitled to the benefit
of them at the moment when the state of war
commenced or their legal representatives.
Equally, rights which, except for the war,
would have been acquired during the war in
consequence of an application made for the
protection of industrial property, or the pub-
lication of a literary or artistic work, shall
be recognised and established in favour of
those persons who would have been entitled
thereto, from the coming into force of the
present Treaty.
Nevertheless, all acts done by virtue of the
special measures taken during the war under
legislative executive or administrative author-
ity of any Allied or Associated Power in re-
§ard to the rights of German nationals in m-
ustrial. literary or artistic property shall re-
main in force and shall continue to maintain
their full effect.
No claim shall be made or action brought by
Germany or German nationals in respect of
the use during the war by the Government
of any Allied or Associated Power, or by any
persons acting on behalf or with the assent
of such Government, of any rights in indus-
trial, literary or artistic pioperty, nor in re-
spect of the sale, offering ior sale, or use of
any products, articles or apparatus whatsoever
to which such rights applied.
Unless the leg.slation of any one of the
Allied or Associated Powers in force at the
moment of the signature of the present Treaty
otherwise directs, sums due or paid in virtue
of any act or operation resulting from the
execution of the special measures mentioned in
paragraph I of this Article shall be dealt with
in the same way as other sums due to German
nationals are directed to be dealt with by the
present Treaty: and sums produced by any
special measures taken by the German Gov-
ernment in respect of rights in industrial,
literary or artistic property belonging to the
nationals of the Allied or Associated Powers
shall be considered and treated in the same
way as other debts due from German nationals.
Each of the Allied and Associated Powers re-
serves to itself the right to impose such limi-
tations, conditions or restrictions on rights of
industrial, literary or artistic property (with
the exception of trade-marks) acquired before
or during the war, or which may be subse-
quently acquired in accordance with its legis-
lation, by German nationals, whether by
granting licences, or by the working, or by
preserving control over their exploitation, or
in any other way. as may be considered neces-
sary for national defence, or in the public in-
terest, or for assuring the fair treatment by
Germany of the rights of industrial, literary
and artistic property held in German terri-
tory by its nationals, or for securing the due
fulfillment of all the obligations undertaken
by Germany in the present Treaty. As re-
gards rights of industrial, literary and artistic
property acquired after the coming into force
of the present Treaty, the right so reserved
by the Allied and Associated Powers shall only
be exercised in cases where these limitations,
conditions or restrictions may be considered
necessary for national defence or in the public
In the event of the application of the pro-
visions of the preceding1 paragraph by any Al-
lied or Associated Power, there shall be paid
reasonable indemnities or royalties, which shall
be dealt with in the same way other sums due
to German nationals are directed to be dealt
with by the present Treaty.
Each of the Allied or Associated Powers re-
serves the right to treat as void and of no
effect any transfer in whole or in part of or
other dealing with rights of or in respect of
industrial, literary or artistic property effected
after August 1. 1914, or in the future, wh ch
would have the result of defeating the objects
of the provisions of this Article.
The provisions of this Article shall not apply
to rights in industrial, literary or artistic prop-
erty which have been dealt with in the liqui-
dation of businesses or companies under war
legislation by the Allied or Associated Powers,
or which may be so dealt with by virtue of
Article 297, paragraph (b).
Article 807.
A minimum of one year after the coming
into force of the present Treaty shall be ac-
corded to the nationals of the High Contract-
ing Parties, without extension fees or other
penalty, in order to enable such persons to ac-
complish any act, fulfil any formality, pay
any fees, and generally satisfy any obligation
prescribed by the laws or regulations of the
respective States relating to the obtaining,
preserving, or opposing rights .to, or in re-
spect of, industrial property either acquired
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
605
before August 1, 1914. or which, except for
the war. might have been acquired since that
date as a result of an application made be-
fore the war cr during- its continuance, but
nothing- in this Article shall give any right to
reopen interference proceedings in the United
States of America where a final hearing- has
taken place.
All rig-ht in, or in respect of. such property
which may have lapsed by reason of any fail-
ure to accomplish any act. fulfil any formality,
or make any payment, shall revive, but sub-
ject in the case of patents and designs to the
imposition of such conditions as each Allied
or Associated Power may deem reasonably nec-
essary for the protection of persons who have
manufactured or made use of the subject
matter of such property while the rights had
lapsed. Further, where rights to patents or
designs belonging- to German nationals are re-
vived under this Article, they shall be subject
in respect of the grant of licences "to the
same provisions as would have been applicable
to them during- the war, as well as to all the
provisions of the present Treaty.
The period from August 1. 1914. until the
coming- into force of the present Treaty shall
be excluded in considering- the time within
which a patent should be worked or a trade-
mark or design used, and it is further agreed
that no patent, registered trade-mark or de
sig-n in force on August 1. 1914, shall be sub-
ject to revocation or cancellation by reason
only of the failure to work such patent or
use such trade-mark or design for two years
after the coming- into force of the present
Article ,08.
The rig-hts of priority, provided by Article 4
of the International Convention for the Pro-
tection of Industrial Property of Paris. oJ
March 20. 1883, revised at Washington in
1911 or by any other Convention or Statute,
for the filing- or registration of applications
for patents or models of utility, and for the
registration of trade-marks. designs anc
models which had not expired on August 1,
1914, and those which have arisen during the
war or would have arisen but for the war,
shall be extended by each of the High Con-
tracting- Parties in favour of all nationals of
the other High Contracting- Parties for -a peri-
od of six months after the coming- into force
of the present Trea-ty.
Nevertheless, such extension shall in no way
affect the right of any of the High Contracting
Parties or of any person who before the com-
ing- into force of the present Treaty was bona
fide in possession of any rights of industrial
pVoperty conflicting- with rights applied for by
another who claims rights of priority in re-
spect of them, to exercise such rights by itself
or himself personally, or by such agents or li-
cencees as derived their rights from it or him
before the corcin? into force of the present
Treaty; and such persons shall not be ame-
nable to any action or other process of law
in respect of infringement.
Article 309.
No action shall be brought and no claim
made by persons residing- or carrying- on busi-
ness within the territories of Germany on the
one part and of the Allied or Associated Pow
ers on the other, or persons who are nation
als of such Powers respectively, or by any one
deriving- title during- .the war from such per.
sons, by reason of any action which has tak
en place within the territory of the other
party between the date of the declaration of
war and that of the coming- into force of the
present Treaty, which might constitute an in-
fringement of the rights of industrial proper
ty or rights of literary and artistic property,
either existing- at any time during- the war
or revived under the provisions of Articles
307 and 308.
Equally, no action for infnng-ement of in-
dustrial literary or artistic property rights
by such persons shall at any time be permis
sibie in respect of the sale or offering for
sa'.e for a period of one year after the signa-
ture of the present Treaty in the territories
of the Allied or Associated Powers on the one
land or Germany on the other, of products or
articles manufactured, or of literary or artistic
works published, during1 the period between
iho declaration of war and the signature of
tha present Treaty, or against those who have
acquired and continue to use them. It is un-
derstood, nevertheless, that this provision shall
not apply when the possessor of the rights was
domiciled or had an industrial or commercial
establishment in the districts occupied by Ger-
many during- the war.
This Article shall not apply as between the
United States of America on the one hand and
Germany on the other.
Article S10.
Licences in respect of industrial, literary
or artistic property concluded before the war
between nationals of the Allied or Associated
Powers or persons residing- in their territory
or carrying- on business therein, on the one
part, and German nationals, on the other part,
shall be considered as cancelled as from the
date of the declaration of war between Ger-
many and the Allied or Associated Power.
But. in any case, the former beneficiary of
a contract of this kind shall have the rig-ht,
within a period of six months after the com-
ing- into force of the present Treaty, to de-
mand from the proprietor of the rights the
grant of a new licence, the conditions of
which, in default of agreement between the
parties, shall be fixed by the duly qualified
tribunal in the country under whose legisla-
tion the rights had been acquired, except in
the case of licences held in respect of rights
acquired under German law. In such cases
the conditions shall be fixed by the Mixed
Arbitral Tribunal referred to in Section VI
of this Part. The Tribunal may, if neces-
sary, fix also the amount which it may deem
just should be paid by reason of the ~
of the rights during- the war.
just should be paid by reason of tl
: the rights during- the war.
No licence in respect of industrial, literary
or artistic property, granted under the spe-
cial war legislation of any Allied or Asso-
ciated Power, shall be affected by the con-
tinued existence of any licence entered into
before the war. but shall remain valid and
of full effect, and a licence so granted to .the
former beneficiary of a licence entered into
before the war shall be considered as substi-
tuted for such licence.
Where sums have been paid during- the war
by virtue of a licence or agreement concluded
bpfore the war in respect of rights of indus-
trial property or for the reproduction or the
representation of literary, dramatic or artistic
works, these sums shall be dealt with in the
same manner as other debts or credits of
German nationals, as provided by the present
TThis' Article shall not apply as between the
United States of America on the one hand
and Germany on the other.
Article 311.
The inhabitants of territories separated from
Germany by virtue of the present Treaty shall,
notwithstanding- this separation and the
chang-e of nationality consequent thereon, con-
tinue to enjoy in Germany all the rights in
industrial, literary and artistic property to
which they were entitled under German legis-
lation at the time of the separation.
Rierhts of industrial, literary and artistic
property which are in force in the territories
separated from Germany under the present
Treaty at the moment of the separation of
these territories from Germany., or which will
be re-established or restored in accordance
with the provisions of Article 306 of the pres-
ent Treaty, shall be recognised by the State
to which the said territory is transferred and
shall remain in force in that territory for
the same period of tune given them under
the German law.
606
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Section VIII.
SOCIAL AND STATE INSURANCE IN CEDED
TERRITORY.
Article S12.
Without prejudice to the provisions con-
tained in other Articles of the present Treaty,
the German Government undertakes to trans-
fer to any Power to which German territory
in Europe is ceded, and to any Power admin-
istering1 former German territory as a man-
datory under Article 22 of Part I (League of
Nations), such portion of the reserves accu-
mulated by the Government of the German
Empire or of German States, or by public or
private organisations under their control, as
is attributable to the carrying- on of Social
or State Insurance in such territory.
The Powers to which these funds are trans-
ferred must apply them to the performance
of vthe obligations arising from such insur-
The conditions of the transfer will be de-
termined by special conventions to be con-
cluded between the German Government and
the Governments concerned.
In case these special conventions are not
concluded in accordance with the above para-
graph within three months after the coming
into force of the present Treaty, the condi-
tions of transfer shall in each case be re-
ferred to a Commission of five members, one
of whom shall be appointed by the German
Government, one by the other interested Gov-
ernment and three by the Governing- Body of
the International Labour Office from the na-
tionals of other States. This .Commission
shall by majority vote within three months
after appointment adopt recommendations for
submission to the Council of the League of
Nntions. and the decisions of the Council
shall forthwith be accepted as final by Ger-
many and the other Government concerned.
PART XI.
AERIAL NAVIGATION.
Article SIS.
The aircraft of the Allied and Associated
Powers shall have full liberty of passage and
landing over and in the territory and ter-
ritorial waters of Germany, and .shall enjoy
the same privileges as German aircraft, par-
ticularly in case of distress by land or sea.
Article SU.
The aircraft of the Allied and Associated
Powers shall, while in transit to any foreign
country whatever, enjoy the right of flying
over the territory and territorial waters of
Germany without landing, subject always to
any regulations which may be made by Ger-
many and which shall be applicable equally
to the aircraft of Germany and to those or
the Allied and Associated countries.
Article S15.
All aerodromes in Germany open to national
public traffic shall be open for the aircraft of
the Allied and Associated Powers and in any
such aerodrome such aircraft shall be treated
on a footing of equality with German aircraft
as regards charges of every description, in-
cluding charges for landing and accommoda-
Article S16.
Subject to the present provisions, the rights
of passage, transit and landing, provided
for in Articles 313. 314 and 315 are subject
to the observance of such regulations as Ger-
many may consider it necessa^ to enact but
such regulations shall be applied without dis-
tinction to German aircraft and to those of
the Allied and Associated countries.
Article S17.
Certificates of nationality, airworthiness, or
competency, and licences, i^ned or recognised
as valid by any of the Allied or Associated
Powers shall be rproernised in Germany as
valid and as eauiv^ent to the certificates and
licences issued by Germany.
Article S18.
As regards internal commercial air traffic, the
aircraft of the Allied and Associated Powers
shall enjoy in Germany most favoured nation
treatment.
Article S19.
Germany undertakes to enforce the necessary
measures to ensure that all German aircraft
flying over her territory shall comply with
the Rules as to lights and signals. Rules of
the Air and Rules for Air Traffic on and in
the neighbourhood of aerodromes which have
been laid down in the Convention relative to
Aerial Navigation concluded between the Al-
lied and Associated Powers.
Article S20.
The obligations imposed by the preceding
? revisions shall remain in force until January
. 1923. unless before that date Germany
shall have been admitted into the League of
Nations or shall have been authorised, by
consent of the Allied and Associated Powers,
to adhere to the Convention relative to Aerial
Navigation concluded between those Powers.
PART XII.
PORTS. WATERWAYS AND RAILWAYS.
Section I.
GENERAL PROVISIONS.
Article S21.
Germany undertakes to grant freedom of
transit through her territories on the routes
most convenient for international transit,
either by rail, navigable waterway, or canal,
to persons, goods, vessels, carriages, wagons
and mails coming from or going to the ter-
ritories of any of the Allied and Associated
Powers (whether contiguous or not) : for this
purpose the crossing of territorial waters shall
be allowed. Such persons, goods, vessels, car-
riages, wagons and mails shall not be sub-
jected to any transit duty or to any undue
delays or restrictions, and shall be entitled
in Germany to national treatment as regards
charges, facilities, and all other matters
Goods in transit shall be exempt from all
Customs or other similar duties.
All charges imoosed on transport in transit
shall be reasonable, having- regard to the con
ditions of the traffic. No charge, facility or
restriction shall depend directly or indirectly
on the ownership or on the nationality of
the ship or other means of transport on
which any part of the through journey has
been, or is to be. accomplished.
Article S22.
Germany undertakes neither to impose nor
to maintain any control over transmigration
traffic through her territories beyond measures
necessary to ensure that passengers are bona
fide in transit: nor to allow any shipping
company or any other private body, corpora-
tion or person interested in the traffic to take
any part whatever in. or to exercise any di-
rect or indirect influence over, any adminis-
trative service that may be necessary for this
purpose.
Article S2S.
Germany undertakes to make no discrimi-
nation or preference, direct or indirect, in
the duties, charges and prohibitions relating
to importations into or exportations from her
territories, or. subject to the special engage-
ments contained in the present Treaty, in the
charges and conditions of transport of goods
or persons entering or leaving her territories,
based on the frontier crossed: or on the kind,
ownership or flag of the means of transport
(including aircraft) employed: or on
the original or immediate place of departure
of the vessel, wagon or aircraft or other
means of transport enrmloyed. or its ultimate
or intermediate destination: or on the route
of or places of trans-shipment on the journey;
or on whether anv port through which the
goods are imported or exported is a German
port or a port belonging to any foreign coun-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
607
try or on whether the goods are imported or
exported by sea, by land or by air.
Germany particularly undertakes not to es-
tablish against the ports and vessels of any
of the Allied and Associated Powers any sur-
tax or any direct or indirect bounty for ex-
port or import by German ports or vessels,
or by those of another Power, for example by
means of combined tariffs. She further under-
takes that persons or goods passing- through
a port or using a vessel of any of the Allied
and Associated Powers shall not be subjected
to any formality or delay whatever to which
such persons or goods would not be subjected
if they passed through a German port or a
port of any other Power, or used a German
vessel or a vessel of any other Power.
Article S2&.
All necessary administrative and technical
measures shall be taken to shorten as much
as possible the transmission of goods across
the German frontiers and to ensure their for-
warding and transport from such frontiers,
irrespective of whether such goods are com-
ing from or going to the territories of the
Allied and Associated Powers or are in transit
from or to those territories, under the same
material conditions in such matters as rapidity
of carriage and care en route as are epioyed
by other goods of the same kind carried on
German territory under similar conditions of
transport.
In particular, the transport of perishable
goods shall be promptly and regularly carried
out, and the customs formalities shall be
effected in such a way as to allow the goods
to be carried straight through by trains
which make connection.
Article S25.
The seaports of the Allied and Associated
Powers are entitled to all the favours and
to all reduced tariffs granted on German rail-
ways or navigable waterways for the benefit
of German ports or of any port ol another
Power.
Article S26.
Germany may not refuse to participate in
the tariffs or combinations of tariffs intended
to secure for ports of any of the Allied and
Associated Powers advantages similar to those
granted by Germany to her own ports or the
ports of any other Power.
Section II.
NAVIGATION.
Chapter I.
FREEDOM OP NAVIGATION.
Article 527.
The nationals of any of the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers as well as their vessels and
property shall enjoy in all German ports and
on the inland navigation routes of Germany
the same treatment in all respects as German
nationals, vessels and property.
la particular the vessels of any one of the
Allied or Associated Powers shall be entitled
to transport goods of any description, and
passengers, to or from any ports or places in
German territory to which German vessels
may have access, under conditions which shall
not be more onerous than those applied in the
case of national vessels: they shall be treated
on a footing of equality with national ves-
sels as regards port and harbour facilities and
charges of every description, including facili-
ties for stationing, loading and unloading, and
duties and charges of tonnage, harbour, pilot-
age, lighthouse, quarantine, and all analogous
duties and charges of whatsoever nature,
levied in the name of or for the profit of
the Government, public functionaries, private
individuals, corporations or establishments of
3ny Kino..
In the event of Germany granting a prefer-
ential regime to any of the Allied or Asso-
ciated Powers or to any other foreign Power,
this regime shall be extended immediately and
unconditionally to all the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers.
There shall be no impediment to the move-
ment of persons or vessels other than those
arising from prescriptions concerning customs,
police, sanitation, emigration and immigra-
tion. and those relating to the import and ex-
port of prohibited goods. Such regulations
must ^ reasonable and uniform and must not
impede traffic unnecessarily.
Chapter II.
FREE ZONES IN PORTS.
Article 328.
The free zones existing in German ports on
August 1. 1914. ghall be maintained. These
iree zones, and any other free zones which
may be established in German territory by the
present Treaty, shall be subject to the regime
provided for in the following Articles.
Goods entering or leaving a free zone shall
not be subjected to any import or export duty,
other ihan those provided for in Article 330.
Vessels and goods entering a free zone may
be subjected to the charges established to
cover expenses of administration upkeep and
improvement of the port, as well as to the
charges for the use of various installations,
provided *hat these charges shall be reasonable
g regard to tne expenditure incurred, and
°f
Goods shall not be subjected to any other
charges except a statistical duty which shall
v? n iSS6* * ?e^ mill° ad valorem, and which
shall be devoted exclusively to defraying the
fie In^the 0^?tmplhnsr statements of the traf-
Article 329.
The facilities granted for the erection of
warehouses for packing and for unpacking-
nS8' Shta11, be^n accordance with trade re-
quirements for the time being. All goods al-
lowed to be consumed in the free zone shall
be exempt from duty, whether of excise or
of any other description, apart from the
above y provided for in Article 328
There shall be no discrimination in regard
to any of the provisions of the present
Article between persons belonging to different
°°** °f
Article SSO.
Import duties may be levied on goods leav-
JS? * fre+eu zone *for consumption in the
country on the territory of which the port is
situated. Conversely, export duties may be
levied on goods coming from such country
and brought into the free zone. These im-
port and export duties shall be levied on the
same basis and at the same rates as similar
duties levied at the other Customs frontiers
of the country concerned. On the other
hand. Germany shall not levy, under any
denomination, any . import, export or transit
duty on goods earned by land or water across
her territory to or from the free zone from
or to any other State.
Germany shall draw up the necessary regu-
lations to secure and guarantee such freedom
of transit over such railways and waterways
I? ner territory as normally give access to
the free zone.
Chapter HI.
Clauses Relating to the Elbe, the Oder, the
Niemen ( Russstrom-Memel-Niemen)
and the Danube.
(1)— General Clauses.
Article SSI.
The following rivers are declared interna-
tional:
the Elbe (Labe) from its confluence with
the Vltava (Moldau). and the Vltava
(Moldau) from Prague:
608
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
the Oder (Odra) from its confluence with
the Oppa;
the Niemen (Russstrom-Memel-Niemen)
from Grodno ;
the Danube irom Ulm;
and all navigable parts of these river
^sterns which naturally provide more tha
one State with access to the sea. with or with
out transshipment from one vessel to an
other; together with lateral canals and chan-
nels constructed either to duplicate or to im-
prove naturally navigable sections of the
specified river systems, or to connect two
naturally navigable sections of the same
river.
The same shall apply to the Rhine-Danube
navigable waterway, should such a waterway
be constructed under the conditions laid down
in Article 353.
Article 332.
On the waterways declared to be interna-
tional in the preceding Article, the nationals,
property and flags of all Powers shall be
treated on a footing of perfect equality, no
distinction being made to the detriment o
the nationals, property or flag of any Power
between them and the nationals, property or
flag of the riparian State itself or of the
most favoured nation.
Nevertheless. German vessels shall not be
entitled to carry passengers or goods by regu-
lar services between the ports of any Allied
or Associated Power, without special authority
from such Power.
Article 333.
Where such charges are not precluded by
any existing conventions, chareres varying: on
different sections of a river may be levied on
vessels usinsr the navigable channels or their
accroaches, provided that they are intended
solely to cover equitably the cost of maintain-
ing in a navigable condition, or of improving
the river and its approaches, or to meet ex-
penditure incurred in the interests of naviga-
tion. The schedule of such charges shall be
calculated on the basis of such expenditure
and shall be posted up in the ports. These
charges shall be levied in such a manner as to
render any detailed examination of cargoes un-
necessary, except in cases of suspected fraud
or contravention.
Article 334.
The transit of vessels, passengers and goods
on these waterways shall be effected in ac-
cordance with the general conditions pre
scribed for transit in Section I above.
When the two banks of an international river
are within the same State goods in transit
may be placed under seal or in the custody of
customs agents. When the river forms a fron-
tier goods and passengers in transit shall be
exempt from all customs formalities: the load-
ing and unloading of goods, and the embarka-
tion and disembarkation of passenerers shall
only take place in the ports specified by the
riparian State.
Article 335.
No dues of any kind other than those pro-
vided for in the present Part shall be levied
along the course or at the mouth of these
rivers.
This provision shall not prevent the fixing
by the riparian States of customs, local octroi
or consumption duties, or the creation of rea-
sonable and uniform charges levied in the
ports, in accordance with public tariffs, for
the use of craves, elevators. Quays, ware-
houses, etc.
Article 336.
In default of any special organisation for
carrying out the works connected with the up-
keep and improvement of the international
portion of a navigable system, each riparian
State shall be bound to take suitable measures
to remove any obstacle or danger to naviga-
tion and to ensure the maintenance of good
conditions of navigation.
If a State neglects to comply with this ob-
ligation any riparian State, or any State rep-
resented on the International Commission, if
. !bs*one- may appeal to the tribunal in-
stituted for this purpose by the League of Na-
tions.
Article 337.
The same procedure shall be followed in the
case of a riparian State undertaking any
works of a. nature to impede navigation in
the international section. The tribunal men-
J*?,11!?1*111 the Preceding Article shall be en-
titled to eniorce the suspension or suppres-
sion of such works, making due allowance in
its divisions for all rights in connection with
irrigation, water power, fisheries and other na-
tional interests, which, with the consent of all
the riparian States or of all the States repre-
sented on the International Commission, if
there is one. shall be given priority over the
requirements of navigation.
Appeal to the tribunal of the League of
Nations does not require the suspension of the
works.
Article 338.
The regime set out in Articles 332 to 337
above shall be superseded by one to be laid
down in a General Convention drawn up by
the Allied and Associated Powers, and ap-
proved by tho League of Nations, relating to
the waterways recognised in such Convention
as having- an international character. This
Convention shall apply in particular to the
whole or part of the above mentioned river
stems of the Elbe (Labe). the Oder (Odra),
the Niemen (Russstrom-Memel-Niemen). and
the Danube, and such other parts of these
river systems as may be covered by a general
definition.
Germany undertakes, in accordance with the
provisions of Article 379. to adhere to the
said General Convention as well as to all proj-
ects prepared in accordance with Article 34«*
below for the revision of existing1 interna-
tional .agreements and regulations.
Article 339.
Germany shall cede to the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers concerned, within a maximum
period of three months from the date on which
notification shall be given her, a proportion of
the tugs and vessels remaining registered in
the ports of the river systems referred to in
Article 331 after the deduction of those sur-
rendered by way of restitution or reparation.
G-rmany shall in the same way cede material
of all kinds necessary to the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers concerned for the utilisation of
those river systems.
The -number of the tugs and boats, and the
amount of the material so c^ded. and their
distribution, shall be determined by an ar-
bitrator or arbitrators nominated by the
United States of America, due regard being
had to the legitimate needs of the parties
concerned and particularly to the shipping
traffic during the five years preceding the war.
All craft so ceded shall be provided with
their fittings and gear, shall be in a good
state of repair and in condition to carry goods
and shall be selected from among those most
rerently built.
Th.- cessions provided for in the present Ar-
ticle shall entail a credit of which the total
amount settled in a lump sum by the arbitra-
tor or arbitrators, shall not in any case ex-
ceed the value of the capital expended in the
initial establishment of the material ceded.
and shall be s^t off against the tot-1 sums due
from Germany: in consequence the indemni-
fication of the proprietors shall be a matter
for Germany to deal with
(2) Special Clauses Relating to the Elbe, the
Oder and the Niernen (Russstrom-
Nemel-Niemen) .
Article 3-40.
The Elbe (Labe) shall be placed under the
administration of an International Commission
which shall comprise:
4 representatives of the German States bor-
dering on tho river:
2 representatives of the Czecho-Slovak States:
1 representative of Great Britain:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1 representative of France:
1 representative of Italy ;
1 reoresentative of Belgium.
Whatever be the number of members present.
each delegation shall have the right to record
a number of votes eaual to the number of rep-
resentatives allotted to it.
If certain of these representatives cannot be
appointed at the time of the coming- into force
of the present Treaty, the decisions of the
Commission shall nevertheless be valid.
Article 341.
The Oder (Odra) shall be placed under the
administration of an International Commission.
which shall comorise:
1 representative of Poland:
3 representatives of Prussia:
1 representative of the Czecho-Slovak State:
1 representative of Great Britain:
1 representative of France;
1 representative of Denmark:
1 representative of Sweden.
If certain of these representatives cannot be
aopointed at the time of the coming into force
of the present Treaty, the decisions of the
Commission shall nevertheless be valid.
Article 342.
On a reauest being- made to the LeagTie of
Nations by any riparian State, the Niemen
(Russstrom-Nemel-Niemen) shall be placed un-
der the administration of an International Com-
mission. which shall comprise one representa-
and three repre
States specified by the
tive of each riparian State,
sentatives of other "
Leaerue of Nations.
Article S4S.
The International Commissions referred to in
Articles 340 and 341 shall meet within three
months of the date of the coming- into force
of the present Treaty. The International Com-
mission referred to in Article 342 shall meet
within three months from the date of the re-
ouest made b.v a riparian State. Each of these
Commissions shall proceed immediately to pre-
pare a project for the revision of the existing-
international agreements and regulations, drawn
UP in conformity with the General Convention
referred to in Article 338 should such Con-
vention have been already concluded. In the
absence of such Convention, the project for
revision shall be in conformity with the prin
ciples of Articles 332 to 337 above.
Article 344-
The projects referred to in the preceding
Article shall, inter alia:
(a) designate the headauarters of the In-
ternational Commission, and prescribe the man
ner in which its President is to be rominated.
(b) specil.v the extent of the Commission's
powers, particularly in regard to the execu-
tion of works of maintenance, control and im-
provement on the river system, the financial
regime, and fixing- and collection of charg-es.
and regulations for navigation:
(c) define the sections of the river or its
tributaries to which the international regime
shall be applied.
Article 345.
The international agreements and regula-
tions at present governing the navigation oJ
the Elbe (Labe). the Oder (Odra). and the
Niemen (Russstrom-Nemel-Niemen) shall be
provisionally maintained in force until the rat-
ification of the above-mentioned projects
Nevertheless, in all cases where such agree-
ments and regulations in force are in conflict
with the provisions of Articles 332 to 337
above, or of the General Convention to be
concluded, the latter provisions shall prevail
(3) Special Clauses Relating to the Danube
Article 346.
The European Commission of the Danube
reassumes the powers it possessed before the
war. Nevertheless, as a provisional measure
only representatives of Great Britain. France
Italy and Roumania shall constitute this
Commission.
Article 347.
From the point , where the competence of
he European Commission ceases, the Danube
system referred to in Article 331 shall be
placed under the administration of an Inter-
national Commission composed as follows:
2 representatives of German riparian States:
1 representative of each other riparian State:
1 representative of each non-riparian State
represented in the future on the European
Commission of the Danube.
If certain of these representatives cannot
be. appointed at the time of the coming into
force of the present Treaty, the decisions of
the Commission .shall nevertheless be valid.
Article S48.
The International Commission provided for
in the preceding Article shall meet as soon
as possible after the coming- into force of
the present Treaty, and shall undertake pro-
visionally the administration of the river in
conformity with the provisions of Articles 332
to 337. until such time as a definite statute
regarding- the Danube is concluded by the
Powers nominated by the Allied and Associated
Powers.
Article S49.
Germany agrees to accept the regime which
shall be laid down for the Danube by a Con-
ference of the Powers nominated by the Allied
and Associated 'Powers, which shall meet with-
in one year after the coming into force of
the present Treaty, and at which German rep-
resentatives may be present.
Article 350.
The mandate given by Article 57 of the
Treaty of Berlin of July 13. 1878. to Austria-
Hungary, and transferred by her to Hungary,
to carry put works at the Iron Gates, is
abrogated. The Commission entrusted with
the administration of this part of the river
shall lay down provisions for the settlement
of accounts subject to the financial provisions
of the present Treaty. Charges which may be
necessary shall in no case be levied, by
Hungary.
Article 351.
Should the Czecho-Slovak State, the Serb-
Croat-Slovene State or Roumania with the
authorisation of or under mandate from the
International Commission, undertake mainte-
nance, improvement, weir, or other works on
a part of the river system which forms a
frontier, these States shall enjoy on the oppo-
site bank, and also on the part of the bed
which is outside their territory, all necessary
facilities for the survey, execution and main-
tenance of such works.
Article 352.
Germany shall be oblig-ed to make to the
European Commission of the Danube all res-
titutions, reparations and indemnities for dam-
ages inflicted on the Commission during- the
war.
Article 353.
Should a deep draught Rhine-Danube navi-
§able waterway be constructed. Germany un-
ertakes to apply thereto the regime pre-
scribed in Articles 332 to 338.
Chapter IV.
Clauses Relating to the Rhine and the Moselle.
Article 354.
As from the coming into force of the present
Treaty, the Convention of Mannheim of Oc-
tober 17. 1868. together with the Final Pro-
tocol thereof, shall continue to govern navi-
gation on the Rhine, subject to the conditions
hereinafter laid down.
In the event of any provisions of the said
Convention being in conflict with those laid
down by the General Convention referred to
in Article 338 (which shall apply to the
Rhine) the provisions of the General Conven-
tion shall prevail.
Within a maximum period of six months
from the coming into force of the present
610
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Treaty, the Central Commission referred to in
Article 355 shall meet to draw up a project
of revision of the Convention of Mannheim.
This project shall be drawn up in harmony
with the provisions of the General Convention
referred to above, should this have been
concluded by that time, and shall be sub-
mitted to the Powers represented on the Cen-
tral Commission. Germany hereby agrees to
adhere to the project so drawn up.
Further, the modifications set out in the
following1 Articles shall immediately be made
in the Convention of Mannheim.
The Allied and Associated Powers reserve
to themselves the right to arrive at an under-
standing- in this connection with Holland, -and
Germany hereby agrees to accede if required
to any such understanding.
Article 355.
The Central Commission provided for in the
Convention of Mannheim shall consist of nine-
teen members, viz:
2 representatives of the Netherlands:
2 representatives of Switzerland:
t representatives of German riparian States;
representatives of France, which in addi-
dition shall appoint the President of the
commission :
2 representatives of Great Britain:
2 representatives of Italy:
2 representatives of Belgium.
The headauarters of the Central Commission
shall be at Strasburg.
Whatever be the number of members pres-
ent, each Delegation shall have the right to
record a number of votes equal to the num-
ber of representatives allotted to it.
If certain of these representatives cannot be
appointed at the time of the coming into force
Treaty, the "
the
of the present Treaty, the decisions of
Commission shall nevertheless be valid.
Article 356.
Vessels of all nations, and their cargoes,
shall have the same rights and privileges as
those which are granted to vessels belonging
to the Rhine navigation, and to their cargoes.
None of the provisions contained in Articles
15 to 20 and 26 of the above-mentioned Con-
vention of Mannheim, in Article 4 of the
Final Protocol thereof, or in later Conven-
tions shall impede the free navigation of ves-
sels and crews of all nations on the Rhine
and on waterways to which such Conventions
apply, subject to compliance with the regula-
tions concerning pilotage and other police
measures drawn UP by the Central Commis-
S1The provisions of Article 22 of the Conven-
tion of Mannheim and of Article 5 of the
Final Protocol thereof shall be applied only to
vessels registered on the Rhine. The Central
Commission shall decide on the steps to be
taken to ensure that other vessels satisfy the
conditions of the general regulations applying
to navigation on the Rhine.
Article 357.
Within a maximum period of three months
from the date on which notification shall be
given Germany shall cede to France tugs and
vessels, from among those remaining registered
in German Rhine ports after the deduction of
those surrendered by way of restitution or
reparation, or shares in German Rhine naviga-
tion companies.
When vessels and tugs are ceded, such ves-
sels and tugs, together with their fittings and
gear, shall be in good state of repair, shall
be in condition to carry on commercial traffic
on the Rhine, and shall be selected from
among those most recently built.
The same procedure shall be followed in
the matter of the cession by Germany to
France of :
(1) the installations, berthing and anchor-
age accommodation, platforms, docks, ware-
houses, plant, etc.. which German subjects or
German companies owned on August 1. 1914.
in the port of Rotterdam, and
(2) the shares or interests which Germany
b) the ' exclusive right to the power de-
ed from works of regulation on the river.
or German nationals possessed in such in-
stallations at the same date.
The amount and specifications of such ces-
sions shall be determined within one year of
the coming into force of the present Treaty
by an arbitrator or arbitrators appointed by
the United States of America, due regard be-
ing had to the legitimate needs of the parties
concerned.
The cessions provided for in the present Ar-
ticle shall entail a credit of which the total
amount, settled in a lump sum by the arbi
trator or arbitrators mentioned above, shall
not in any case exceed the value of the cap-
ital expended in the initial establishment of
the ceded material and installations, and shall
be set off against the total sums due frpm
Germany: in consequence, the indemnification
of the proprietors shall be a matter for Ger-
many to deal with.
Article 358.
Subject to the obligation to comply with the
provisions of the Convention of Mannheim
or of the Convention which may be substi-
tuted therefor, and to the stipulations of the
present Treaty, France shall have on the
whole course of the Rhine included between
the two extreme points of the French fron-
tiers:
(a) the right to take water from the Rhine
to feed navigation and irrigation canals (con-
structed or to be constructed) or for any
other purpose, and to execute on the German
bank all works necessary for the exercise of
thlA right:
riv_
subject to the payment to Germany of" the
value of half the power actually produced,
this payment, which will take into account
the cost of the works necessary for producing
the power, being made either in money or
in power and in default of an agreement be-
ing determined by arbitration. For this pur-
pose France alone shall have the right to carry
out in this part of the river all works of
regulation (weirs or other works) which she
may consider necessary for the production of
power. Similarly, the right of taking- water
from the Rhine is accorded to Belgium to
feed the Rhine-Meuse navigable waterway pro-
vided for below.
The exercise of the rights mentioned under
(a) and (b) of the present Article shall not
interfere with navigability nor reduce the fa-
cilities for navigation, either in the bed of
the Rhine or in the derivations which may
be substituted therefor, nor shall it involve
any increase in the tolls formerly levied un-
der the Convention in force. All proposed
schemes shall be laid before the Central Com-
mission in order that that Commission may
assure itself that these conditions are com-
plied with.
To ensure the proper and faithful execution
of the provisions contained in (a) and (b)
above, Germany :
(1) binds herself not to undertake or to
allow the construction of any lateral canal
or any derivation on the right bank of the
river opposite the French frontiers:
(2) recognises the possession by France of
the right of support on and the right of way
over all lands situated on the right bank
which mas' be required in order to survey, to
build, and to operate weirs which France, with
the consent of the Central Commission, may
subsequently decide to establish. In accord-
ance with such consent. France shall be en-
titled to decide upon and fix the limits of the
necessary sites, and she shall be permitted to
occupy such lands after a period of two
months after simple notification, subject to
the payment by her to Germany of indemnities
of which the total amount shall be fixed by
the Central Commission. Germany shall make
it her business to indemnify the proprietors
whose property will be burdened with such
servitudes or permanently occupied by the
Should Switzerland so demand, and if the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
611
Central Commission approves, the same rights
shall be accorded to Switzerland for the part
of the river forming her frontier with oilier
riparian States;
(3) shall hand over to the French Govern-
following th
into force of the present Treaty, all projects.
3 s
nt, du
ring the month following the coming
, .
designs, drafts of concessions and of specifica-
tions concerning the regulation of the Rhine
for any purpose whatever which have been
drawn up or received by the Governments of
Alsace-Lorraine or of the Grand Duchy of
Article 359.
Subject to the preceding provisions, no
works shall be carried out in the bed or on
either bank of the Rhine where it forms the
boundary of France and Germany without the
previous approval of the Central Commission
or of its agents.
Article 860.
France reserves the option of substituting
herself as regards the rights and obligations
resulting from agreements arrived at between
the Government of Alsace-Lorraine and the
Grand Duchy of Baden concerning the works
to be carried ovit on the Rhine; she may also
denounce such agreements within a term of
five years dating from the coming into force
of the present Treaty.
France shall also have the option of caus-
ing works to be carried out which may be
racognised as necessary by the Central Com-
1 mission for the upkeep or improvement of the
navigability of the Rhine above Mannheim.
Article S61.
Should Belgium within a period of 25 years
from the coming into force of the present
Treaty decide to create a deep-draught Rhine-
Meuse navigable waterway, in the region of
Ruhrort, Germany shall be bound to construct.
in accordance with plans to be communicated
to hep by tho Belgian Government, after agree-
ment with the Central Commission, the por-
tion of this navigable waterway situated with-
in her territory.
The Belgian Government shall, for this pur-
pose. have the right to carry out on the
ground all necessary surveys.
Should Germany fail to carry out all or
Part of these works, the Central Commission
shall be entitled to carry them out instead;
?jid. for this purpose, the Commission may
decide upon and fix the limits of the neces-
sary sites and occupy the ground after a pe-
riod of two months after simple notification.
subject to the payment of indemnities to be
fixed by it and paid by Germany.
This navigable waterway shall be placed
under the same administrative regime as the
Rhine itself, and the division of the cost
of initial construction, including the above in-
demnities. among the States crossed thereby
shall be made by the Central Commission.
Article 362.
Germany hereby agrees to offer no objection
to any proposals of the Central Rhine Com-
mission for extending its jurisdiction:
(1) to the Moselle below the Franco-Luxem-
burg frontier down to the Rhine, subject to
the consent of Luxemburg;
(2) to the Rhine above Basle up to the
Lake of Constance, subject to the consent of
Switzerland:
(3) to the lateral ca/nals and channels which
may be established either to duplicate or to
improve naturally navigable sections of the
Rhine or the Moselle, or to connect two natu-
rally navigable sections of these rivers, and
also any other parts of the Rhine river sys-
tem which may be covered by the General
Convention provided for in Article 338 above.
Chapter V.
Clauses Giving to the Czecho-Slovak State the
; Use of Northern Ports.
Article 363.
In the ports of Hamburg and Stettin Ger-
many shall lease to the Czecho-Slovak State,
for a period of 99 years, areas which shall
be placed under the general regime of free
zones and shall be used for the direct transit
of goods coming from or going to that State.
Article 864.
The delimitation of these areas, and their
equipment, their exploitation, and in general
all conditions for their utilisation including
the amount of the rental, shall be decided by
a Commission consisting of one delegate of
Germany one delegate of the Czecho-Slovak
Mate and one delegate of Great Britain These
conditions shall be susceptible of revision
every ten years in the same manner.
Germany declares in advance that she will
adhere to the decisions so taken.
Section III.
RAILWAYS
Chapter I.
Clauses Relating to International Transport.
Article 365.
Goods coming from the territories of the
Allied and Associated Powers and going to
Germany, or in transit through' Germany from
or to the territories of the Allied and Associ-
ated Powers, shall enjoy on the German rail-
ways as regards charges to be collected (re-
bates and drawbacks being taken into ac-
count), facilities, and all other matters, the
most favourable treatment applied to goods of
the same kind carried on any German lines,
either in internal traffic, or for export, import
or in transit, under similar conditions of
transport, for example as regards length of
route. The
same rule shall be ap
1 — ,_ more of the 1.
Associated Powers, to goods specia
— Applied, on
the request of one or more of the Allied and
Powers, to goods specially desig-
nated by such Power or Powers coming from
Germany and going to their territories.
International tariffs established in accord-
ance with the rates referred to in the preced-
ing paragraph and involving through waybills
shall be established when one of the Allied
and Associated Powers shall require it from
Germany.
Article S66.
From the coming into force of the present
Treaty the High Contracting Parties shall re-
new, in so far as concerns them and under
the reserves indicated in the second paragraph
of the present Article, the conventions and
arrangements signed at Berne on October 14.
1890. September 20. 1893. July 16. 1895.
June 16. 1898, and September 19. 1906. re-
garding the transportation of goods by rail.
If within five years from the date of the
coming into force of the present Treaty a new
convention for the transportation of passen-
gers, luggage and goods by rail shall have
been concluded to replace the Berne Conven-
tion of October 14. 1890. and the subsequent
additions referred to above, this new conven-
tion and the supplementary provisions for in-
ternational transport by rail which may be
based on it shall bind Germany, even if she
shall have refused to take part in the prep-
aration of the convention or to subscribe to
it. Until a new convention shall have been
concluded. Germany shall conform to the pro-
visions of the Berne Convention and the sub-
sequent additions referred to above, and to
the current supplementary provisions.
Article 867.
Germany shall be bound to co-operate in the
establishment of through ticket services (for
passengers and their luggage' which shall be
required by any of the Allies and Associated
Powers to ensure their communication by
rail with each other and with all other coun-
tries by transit across the territories of Ger-
many; in particular Germany shall, for this
purpose, accept trains and carriages coming
from the territories of the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers and shall forward them with a
speed at least equal to that of her best long-
distance trains on the same lines. The rates
applicable to such through services shall not
in any case be higher than the rates collected
on German internal services for the same dia-
612
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
t?moe. under the same conditions of speed and
comfort.
The tariffs applicable under the same condi-
tions of speed and comfort to the transporta-
tion of emigrants going to or coming- from
ports of the Allied and Associated Powers and
usinsr the German railways shall not be at a
higher kilometric rate than the most favour-
able tariffs {drawbacks and rebates being
taken into account) enjoyed on the said rail-
ways by emigrants going to or coming from
any other ports. A
Article 368.
Germany shall not apply specially to such
through services, or to the transportation of
emigrants eroinsr to or cominer from the ports
of the Allied and Associated Powers, any tech-
nical. fiscal or administrative measures, such
as measures of customs examination, general
police, sanitary police, and control, the result
of which would be to impede or delay such
Article 369.
In case of transport partly by rail and partly
by international navigation, with or without
through way-bill, the preceding- Article shall
apply to the part of the journey performed by
rail.
Chapter II.
Rolling-Stock.
Article 370.
Germany undertakes that German wagons
shall be fitted with apparatus allowing1:
(1) of their inclusion in goods trains on the
lines of such of the Allied and Associated
Powers as are parties to the Berne Convention
of May 15. 1886. as modified on May 18.
1907. without hampering the action of the
continuous brake which may be adopted in
such countries within ten years of the coming'
into force of the present Treaty, and
(2) of the acceptance of wagons of such
countries in all goods trains on the German
The rolling stock of the Allied and Associ-
owers shall en Joy on the German lines
the same treatment as German rolling-stock as
ated P
regards movement, upkeep and repairs.
Chapter III.
Cessions of Railway Lines.
Article S71.
Subject to any special provisions concerning-
the cession of ports, waterways and railways
situated in the territories over which Germany
abandons her sovereignty and to the financial
conditions relating- to the concessionnaires and
the pensioning of the personnel, the cession of
railways will take place under the following
conditions:
(1) The works and installations of all the
railroads shall be handed over complete and
in g-ood condition
(2) When a railway system possessing- its
own rollingsstock is handed over in its entirety
by Germany to one of the Allied and Associ-
ated Powers, such stock shall be handed over
complete, in accordance with the last inven-
tory before November 11. 1918. and in a
normal state of upkeep.
(3) As regards lines without any special
rolling-stock. Commissions of experts desig-
nated by the Allied and Associated Powers, on
which Germany shall be represented shall fix
the proportion of the stock existiner on the
system to which those lines belong- to be
handed over. These Commissions shall have
regard to the amount of the material regis-
tered on these lines in the last inventory be-
fore November 11. 1918. the lenerth of track
(sidings included) and the nature and amount
of the traffic. These Commissions shall also
specify the locomotives, carriag-es and w^erons
to be handed over in each case: they shall de-
cide upon the conditions of their acceptance.
and shall make the provisional arrangements
necessary to ensure their repair in German
workshoos
(4) Stocks of stores, fittings and plant shall
be handed ov°r under the same conditions as
the rolling-stock.
sliafl6 De"°SSSnd °o ^a1ras'raphs 3 a"d 4 above
sian Poland1" Converted6 by ^eVmln^to Kthe"
German gauge, such lines being regarded al
detached from the Prussian State SystenT
Chapter IV.
Provisions Relating to Certain Railway Lines
Article 372.
When as a result of the fixing of new fron
tiers a railway connection between tw£ pa°?s
of the same country crosses another country
or a branch line from one countrv haV ita
terminus in another the conditions of work-
P'rfseni T^at^Th^fc LTd^oVTn £&
=edbetirt1ine
to an agreement as to the terms of such co^
ZSSS°Ki the PC!in*s of difference shall be de-
cided by commissions of experts composed a <*
provided in the preceding Article
Article 378.
Within, a period of five years from the
Loming .into force of the present Treaty the
State may require the con-
Article 374.
Germany undertakes to accept within tpn
ssAS-rSssw sa t
s=i *$z aaasEHr*1®
national Convention of October 13. 1909. rela-
tive to the St. Gothard railway. In the ab^
ff^h6^0 agreement as to the conditions of
such denunciation, Germany hereby agrees to
°T?ihl TVe-*dHdli°? of J*1 arbitrator designated
r the United States of America.
Chapter V.
Transitory Provisions.
Article 375.
.Germany shall carry out the instructions
given .her. in regard to transport by an
authorised body, acting on behalf of the
Allied and Associated Powers:
(1) .For the carriage of troops under the
provisions of the present Treaty, and of ma-
terial, ammunition and supplies for army
(2) As a temporary measure, for the trans-
portation of supplies for certain regions as
well as for the restoration, as rapidly as pos-
sible, of the normal conditions of transport,
and for the organisation of postal and tele-
graphic services.
Section IV.
Disputes; Revision of Permanent Clauses.
Article 376.
Disputes which may arise between interested
Powers with regard to the interpretation and
application of the preceding Articles shall be
settled as provided by the League of Nations.
Article 377.
At any time the League of Nations may rec-
ommend the revision of such of these Articles
as relate to a permanent administrative re-
gime.
Article 378.
The stipulations in Articles 321 to 330 332
365. and 367 to 369 shall be subject to
revision by the Council of the League of
Nations at any time after five years from the
coming into force of the present Treaty.
Failing such revision, no Allied or Associ-
ated Power can claim a.fter the expiration
of the above period of five years the benefit
of any of the stipulations in the Articles enu-
merated above on behalf of any portion of
its territories in which reciprocity is not
accorded in respect of such stipulations. The
period of five years during which reciprocity
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
613
cannot be demanded may be prolonged by the
Council of the League of Nations.
Section V.
Special Provision.
Article 579.
Without prejudice to the special obligations
imposed on her by the present Treaty for the
benefit of the Allied and Associated Powers.
Germany undertakes to adhere to any General
Conventions regarding the international regime
of transit, waterways, ports or railways which
may be concluded by the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers, with the approval of the
League of Nations, within five years of the
coming into force of the present Treaty.
Section VI.
Clauses Relating to the Kiel Canal.
Article 380.
The Kiel Canal and its approaches shall be
maintained free and open to the vessels of
commerce and of war of all nations at peace
with Germany on terms of entire equality.
Article 881.
The nationals, property and vessels of all
Powers shall, in respect of charges, facilities,
and in all other respects, be treated on a foot-
ing of perfect equality in the use of the Canal,
no distinction being made to the detriment
of nationals, property and vessels of any
Power between them and the nationals, prop-
erty and vessels of Germany or of the most
favoured nation.
No impediment shall be placed on the move-
ment of persons or vessels other than those
arising out of police, customs, sanitary, emi-
gration or immigration regulations and those
relating to the import or export of prohibited
goods. Such regulations must be reasonable
and uniform and must not unnecessarily im-
pede traffic
Article 382.
Only such charges may be levied on ves-
sels using the Canal or its apr *oaches as are
intended to coyer in an equitable manner the
cost of maintaining in a navigable condition,
or of improving, the Canal or its approaches,
or to meet expenses incurred in the interests
of navigation. The schedule of such charges
shall be calculated on the basis of such ex-
penses, and shall be posted up in the ports.
These charges shall be levied in such a
manner as to render any detailed examination
of cargoes unnecessary, except in the case of
suspected fraud or contravention.
Article 38S.
Goods in transit may be placed under seal
or in the custody of customs agents; the load-
ing and unloading of. goods, and the em-
barkation and disembarkation of passengers,
shall only take place in the ports specified
by Germany.
Article 384.
No. charges of any kind other than those
provided for in the present Treaty shall be
levied along the course or at the approaches
of the Kiel Canal.
Article 385.
Germany shall be bound to take suitable
measures to remove any obstacle or danger
to navigation, and to ensure the maintenance
of good conditions of navigation. She shall
net undertake any works of a nature to im-
pede navigation on the Canal or its ap
proaches.
Article 386.
In the event of violation of any of the con-
ditions of Articles 380 to 386. or of dis-
putes as to the interpretation of these Arti-
cles, any interested Power can appeal to the
jurisdiction instituted for the purpose by the
League of Nations
In order to avoid reference of ^mall ques-
tions to the League 01 Nations Germany will
establish a local authority at Kiel qualified tc;
deal with disputes in the first instance anc
to give satisfaction so far as possible to com-
plaints which may be presented through the
consular representatives of the interested Pow*
PART XIII.
Labour.
Section 1.
Organisation of Labour.
Whereas the League of Nations has lor itg
object the establishment of universal peace
and such a peace, can be established only if
t is based upon social justice;
And whereas conditions of labour exist in-
volving such injustice. Hardship and priva-
tion to large numbers of people as to pro-
duce unrest so great that the peace and har-
nony of the world are imperiled: and an im-
provement of those conditions is urgently re-
quired; as. for example, by the regulation of
the hours of work, including the establish-
ment of a maximum working day and week.
;he regulation of the labour supply, the pre-
vention of unemployment, the provision of an
adequate living wage, the protection of the
worker against sickness, disease and injury
arising out of his employment, the protection
of children, young persons and women, pro-
vision for old age and injury, protection of
the interests of workers when employed in
countries other than their own. rec9gnition of
the principle of freedom of association, the
organisation of vocational and technical edu-
cation and other measures:
Whereas also the failure of any nation to-
adopt humane conditions of labour is an ob-
stacle in the way of other nations which de-
sire to improve the conditions in their own
countries;
The High Contracting- Parties, moved by-
sentiments of justice and humanity as well
as by the desire to secure the permanent peace
of the world, agree to the following:
Chapter I.
Organisation.
Article 387.
A permanent organisation is hereby estab-
lished for the promotion of the objects set
forth in the Preamble.
The original Members of the League of Na-
tions shall be the original Members of this
organisation, and hereafter membership of
the League of Nations shall carry with it
membership of the said organisation.
Article 388.
The permanent organisation shall consist of:
(1) a General conference of Representatives
of the M:mbers and.
(2) an international Labour Office controlled
by tho Governing- Body described in Article
393.
Article 389.
The meetings of the General Conference of
Representatives of the Members shall be held
from time to time as occasion may require,
and at least once in every year. It shall be
composed of four Representatives of each of
the Members, of whom two shall be Govern-
ment Delegates and the two others shall be
Del gates representing respectively the em-
ployers and the workpeople of each of the
Members.
Bach Delegate may be accompanied by ad-
visers, who shall not exceed two in number
for each item on the agenda of the meeting.
When questions specially affecting women are
to be considered by the -Conference one at
least of the advisers should be a woman.
The Members undertake to nominate non-
Government Delegates and advisers chosen in
agreement with the industrial organisations,
if such organisations exist, which are moet
representative of employers or workpeople, as
the case may be. in their respective countries.
Advisers shall not speak except on a re-
quest made by the Delegate whom they ac-
614:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
company and by the special authorisation of
the President of the Conference, and may not
vote.
A Delegate may by notice in writing1 ad-
dressed to the President appoint one of his
advisers to act as his deputy, and the adviser.
while so acting:, shall be allowed to speak and
The names of the Delegates and their ad-
visers will be communicated to the Interna-
tional Labour Office by the Government of
each of the Members.
The credentials of Delegates and their ad-
visers shall be subject to scrutiny by the
Conference, which may. by two-thirds of the
votes cast by the Delegates present, refuse to
admit any Delegate or adviser whom it deems
not to have been nominated in accordance
with this Article.
Article 39 0.
Every Delegate shall be entitled to vote in-
dividually on all matters which are taken
into consideration by the Conference.
If one of the Members fails to nominate
one of the non-Government Delegates whom
it is entitled to nominate, the other non-Gov-
ernment Delegate shall be allowed to sit and
speak at the Conference, but not to vote
If in accordance with Article 389 the Con-
ference refuses admission to a Delegate of one
of the Members, the provisions of the pres-
ent Article shall apply as if that Delegate had
not been nominated
Article S91.
The meetings of the Conference shall be
held at the seat of the League of Nations or
at such other place as may be decided by the
Conference at a previous meeting by two-
thirds of the votes cast by the Delegates pres-
Article 392.
The International Labour Office shall be
stablished at the seat of the .Leagne of Na-
ions as part of the organisation of the
Article 393.
The International Labour Office shall be
under the control of a Governing Body con-
eisting of twenty-four persons, appointed in
accordance with the following provisions:.
The Governing Body of the International
Labour Office shall be constituted as follows:
Twelve persons representing the Govern-
persons elected by the Delegates to the
Conference representing the employers:
Six persons elected by the Delegates to the
Conference representing the workers.
Of the twelve persons representing the Gov-
ernments eight shall be nominated, by the
Members which are of the chief industrial
importance, and four shall be nominated by
the Members selected for the purpose by the
Government Delegates to the Conference ex-
cluding: the Delegates of the eight Members
mentioned above. ,, .
Any Question as to which are the Members
of the chief industrial importance shall be
decided by the Council of the League of Na-
1The period of office of the Members of the
Governing Body will be three years. . The
method of filling vacancies and other similar
questions may be determined by the Govern-
ing- Body subject to the approval of the
Ther Governing Body shall, from time to
time elect one of its members to act as its
Chairman, shall regulate its own procedure
and shall fix its own times of meeting. A
special meeting shall be held if a written
request to that effect is made by at least ten
members of the Governing Body.
Article 39%.
There shall be a Director of the Interna-
tional Lshour Office, who shall be appointed
by the Governing Body. and. subject to the
instructions of the Governing Body, shall be
responsible for the efficient conduct of the In-
ternational Labour Office and for such other
duties as may be assigned to him.
The Director or his deputy sh "
meetings of the Governing Body.
?he Director or his deputy shall attend all
Article 395.
The staff of the International Labour Office
shall be appointed by the Director, who shall
so far as is possible with due regard to the
efficiency of the work of the office, select per-
sons of different nationalities. A certain num-
ber of these persons shall be women.
Article 396.
The functions of the International Labour
Office shall include the collection and distri-
bution of information on all subjects relating
to the international adiustment of conditions
of industrial life and labour, and particularly
the examination of subjects which it is pro-
P9sed to bring before the Conference with a
view to the conclusion of international con-
ventions, and the conduct of such special in-
vestigations as may be ordered by the Con-
ference.
It will prepare the agenda for the meetings
of the Conference.
It will carry out the duties reauired of it
by the provisions of this Part of the present
Treaty in connection with international dis-
putes.
It will edit and publish in French and Eng-
lish, and in such other languages as the Gov-
erning- Body may think desirable a periodical
paper dealing with problems of industry and
employment of international interest
Generally, in addition to the functions set
out in this Article, it shall have such other
powers and duties as may be assigned to it
by the Conference.
Article 397.
The Government Departments of any of the
Members which deal with questions of in-
dustry and employment may communicate
directly with the Director through the Rep-
resentative of their Government on the Gov-
erning Body of the International Labour
Office, or failing any such Representative,
through such other qualified official as the
Government may nominate for the purpose.
Article 398.
The International Labour Office shall be
entitled to the assistance of the Secretary-
General of the Leagne of Nations in any
matter in which it can be given.
Article 399.
. Each of the Members will pay the travel-
ling and subsistence expenses of its Dele-
gates snd their advisers and of its Repre-
sentatives attending1 the meetings of the Con-
ference or Governing Body, as the case
may be.
All the other expenses of the Internationa!
Labour Office and of the meetings of the Con-
ference or Governing Body shall be paid to
the Director by the Secretary-General of the
League of Nations out of the general funds of
th« League.
Tho Director shall be responsible to the
Secretary-General of the League for the proper
expenditure of all moneys paid to him in pur-
suance of this Article.
Chapter 77.
Procedure.
Article 4 00.
The agenda for all meetings of the Confer-
ence will be settled by the Governing- Body,
who shall consider any suggestion as to the
agenda that may be made by the Government
of any of the Members or by any representa-
tive organisation recognized for the purpose
ol Article 389.
Article 401.
The Director sha.ll act as the Secretary of
I the Conference, and shall transmit the agenda
I so as to reach the Members four months be-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
615
fora the meeting of the Conference and.
through them, the non-Government Delegates
when appointed.
Any of the Governments of the Members may
formally object to the inclusion of any item
or items in the agenda. The grounds for such
objection shall be set forth in a reasoned
statement addressed to the Director, who shall
circulate it to all the Members of the Perma-
nent Organisation.
Items to which such objection has been made
shall not. however, be excluded from the
agenda, if at the Conference a majority of
two-thirds of the votes cast by the Delegates
present is in favour of considering them.
If the Conference decides (otherwise than
under the preceding paragraph) by two-thirds
of the votes cast by the Delegates present
that any subject shall be considered by the
Conference, that subject shall be included in
the agenda for the following meeting.
Article 403.
The Conference shall regulate its own pro-
cedure, shall elect its own President, and may
appoint committees to consider and report on
Except as otherwise expressly provided in
this Part of the present Treaty, all matters
shall be decided by a simple majority of the
votes cast by the Delegates present.
The voting is void unless the total number
of votes cast is eaual to half the number of
the delegates attending the Conference.
Article 40}.
The Conference may add to any committees
which it appoints technical experts, who shall
be assessors without power to vote.
Article 405.
When the Conference has decided on the
adoption of proposals with regard to an item
in the agenda, it will rest with the Conference
to determine whether these proposals should
take the form; (a) of a recommendation to be
submitted to the Members for consideration
with a view to effect being given to it by na-
tional legislation or otherwise, or (b) of a
draft international convention for ratification
by the Members.
In either case a majority of two-thirds of
the vctes cast by the Delegates present shall
be necessary on the final vote for the adop-
tion of the recommendation or draft conven-
tion as the case may be by the Conference.
In framing any recommendation or draft
convention of general application the Confc-r-
ence shall have due regard to those countries
in which climatic conditions, the imperfect
development of industrial organisation or
other special circumstances make the indus-
trial conditions substantially different and
shall suggest the modifications, if any. which
it considers may be required to meet the case
of such countries.
A copy of the recommendation or draft
convention shall be authenticated by the sig-
nature of the President of the Conference and
of the Director and shall be deposited with the
Secretary-Genera1 of the League of Nations.
The Secretary-General will communicate a cer-
tified copy of the recommendation or draft
convention to each of the Members.
Each of the Members undertakes that it
will, within the period of one year at most
from the closing of the session of the Con-
ference. or if it is impossible, owing to ex-
ceptional circumstances, to do so within the
period of one year, then at the earliest prac-
ticable moment and in no case later than
eighteen months from the closing of the ses-
sion of the conference, bring the recommen-
dation or draft convention before the author-
ity or authorities within whose competence
the matter lies, for the enactment of legisla-
tion or other action.
In the case of a recommendation, the Mem-
bers will inform the Secretary-General of the
action taken.
In the case of a draft convention, the Mem-
ber will, if it obtains the cpnsent of the au-
thority or authorities within whose compe-
tence the matter lies, communicate the for-
mal ratification of the convention, to the Sec-
retary-General and will take such action as
may be necessary to make effective the pro-
visions of such convention.
If on a recommendation no legislative or
other action is taken to make a recommenda-
tion effective, or if the draft convention fails
to obtain the consent of the authority or au-
thorities within whose competence the matter
lies, no further obligation shall rest upon the
Member.
In the case of a federal State the power of
which to enter into conventions on labour mat-
ters is subject to limitations it shall be in the
discretion of that Government to treat a draft
convention to which such limitations apply as
a recommendation only, and the provisions of
this Article with respect to recommendations
shall apply in such case.
The above Article shall be interpreted in ac-
cordance with the following principle:
In no case shall any Member be asked or
required, as a result of the adoption of any
recommendation or draft convention by the
Conference, to lessen the protection afforded
by its existing legislation to the workers con-
cerned.
Article 406.
Any convention so ratified shall be regis-
tered by the Secretary-General of the League
of Nations, but shall only be binding1 upon
the Members which ratify it.
Article 407.
If any convention coming before the Con-
ference for final consideration fails to secure
the support of two-thirds of the votes cast
by the Delegates present it shall nevertheless
be within the right of any of the Members
of the Permanent Organisation to agree to
such convention among themselves.
Any convention so agreed to shall be com-
municated by the Governments concerned to
the Secretary-General of the League of Na-
tions, who shall register it.
Article 408.
Each of the Members agrees to make an
annual report to the International Labour
Office on the measures which it has taken to
give effect to the provisions of conventions to
which it is a party. These reports shall be
made in such form and shall contain euch
particulars as the Governing Body may re-
quest. The Director shall lay a summary of
these reports before the next meeting of the
Conference.
Article 409.
In the event of any representation being
made to the International Labour Office by an
industrial association of employers or of
workers that any of the Members hns failed
to secure in any respect the effective ob-
servance within its jurisdiction of any con-
vention to which it is a party the Governing
Body may communicate this representation to
the Government against which it is made and
may invite that Government to make such
statement on the subject as it may think fit.
Article 4*0.
If no statement is received within a reason-
able time from the Government in question,
or if the statement when received is not
deemed to be satisfactory by the Governing
Body, the latter shall have the right to pub-
lish the representation and the statement, if
any^made in reply to it.
Article 411.
Any of the Members shall have the right to
file a complaint with the International Labour
Office if it is not satisfied that any other
616
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Member is securing1 the effective observance of
any convention which both have ratified in.
accordance for the foregoing1 Articles..
The Governing Body may. if it thinks fit,
before referring such a complaint to a Com-
mission of Enquiry, as hereinafter provided
for. communicate with the Government in
question in the manner described in Article
409
if the Governing Body does not think at
necessary to communicate the complaint to
the Government in question, .or if. when they
have made such communication, no statement
in reply has been received within a reasonable
time which the Governing Body considers to
be satisfactory, the Governing Body may ap-
ply for the appointment of a Commission of
Enquiry to consider the complaint and to re-
The Governing Body may adopt the same
procedure either of its own motion or on re-
ceipt of a complaint from a Delegate to the
matter arising out of Articles 410
or 411 is being considered by. the Governing
Body the Government in question shall, if not
already represented thereon, be entitled to send
a representative to take part in the proceed-
ings of the Governing Body while the matter
is under consideration. Adequate notice of the
date on which the matter will be considered
shall be given to the Government in question.
Article 412.
The Commission of Enquiry shall be con-
stituted in accordance with the following-
provisions:
Each of the Members agrees to nominate
within six months of the date on which the
present Treaty comes into force three persons
of industrial experience, of whom one shall
be a representative of employers, one a rep-
resentative of workers and one a person of
independent standing, who shall together form
a panel from which the members of the Com-
mission of Enquiry shall be drawn.
The qualifications of the persons so nomi-
nat-d shall be subject to scrutiny by the Gpv-
e-.-ning Body which may by two-thirds of the
votes cast by the representatives present re-
fuse to accept the nomination of any person
whose qualifications do not in its opinion com-
ply with the requirements of the present
AUpon the application of the Governing Body.
the Secretary-General of the League of Na-
tions shall nominate three persons, one from
each section of this panel, to constitute the
Commission cf Enquiry .and shall designate
one of them as the President of the Commis-
sion. None of these three persons shajl be
a person nominated to the Panel by any
Member directly concerned in the complaint.
Article 413.
The Members agree that, in the event of
the reference of a complaint to a Commis-
sion of Enquiry under Article 411, they will
each whether directly concerned in the com-
plaint or not, place at the disposal of the
Commission all the information in their pos-
session which bears upon the subject-matter
of the complaint.
Article 414.
When the Commission of Enquiry has fully
considered the complaint, it shall prepare a re-
port embodying its findings on ail questions of
fact relevant to determining the issue between
the parties and containing such recommenda-
tions as it may think proper as to the steps
which should be taken to meet the complaint
and the time within which they should be
It shall also indicate in this report the
measures, if any. of an economic character
against a defaulting Government which it con-
siders to bo appropriate, and which it consid-
ers other Governments would be justified in
adopting.
Article 415.
The Secretary-General of the League of Na-
ions shall communicate the report of the
Commission of Enquiry to each of the Gov-
ernments concerned in the complaint, and shall
causo it to be published.
Each of these Governments shall within one
month inform the Secretary-General of the
L«eague of Nations whether or not it accepts
he recommendations contained in the report
of the Commission, and if not, whether it
3roposes to refer the complaint to the
Permanent Court of International Justice of
the League of Nations.
Article 416.
In the event of any Member failing to take
the action reauired by Article 405, with re-
gard to a recommendation or draft Convention,
any other Member shall be entitled to refer
the matter to the Permanent Court of Inter-
national Justice.
Article 417.
The decision of the Permanent Court of In-
ternational Justice in regard to a complaint
or matter which has been referred to it in
pursuance of Article 415 or Article 416 shall
be final.
Article 418.
The Permanent Court of International Justice
may affirm, vary or reverse any of the find-
ings or recommendations of the Commission
of Enquiry, if any, and shall in its decision
indicate the measures, if any, of an economic
character which it considers to be appropriate,
and which other Governments would be jus-
tified in adopting against a defaulting Gov-
ernment.
Article. 419.
In the event of any Member failing to carry
out within the time specified the recommen-
dations, if any. contained in the report of the
Commission of Enquiry, or in the decision
of the Permanent Court of International Jus-
tice as the case may be. any other Member
may take against that Member the measures of
an economic character indicated in the report
of the Commission or in the decision of the
Court as appropriate to the case.
Article 420.
The defaulting Government may at any time
inform the Governing Body that it has taken
the steps necessary to comply with the recom-
mendations of the Commission of Enquiry or
with those in the decision of the Permanent
Court of International Justice, as the case
may be, and may request it to apply to the
Secretary-General of the Leagne to constitute
a Commission of Enquiry to verify its con-
tention. In this case the provisions of Ar-
ticles 432. 413. 414. 415. 417 and 418 shall
apply, and if the report of the Commission of
Enquiry or the decision of the Permanent
Court of International Justice is" in favour
of the defaulting Government, the other Gov-
ernments shall forthwith discontinue the
measures of an economic character that they
have taken agrainst the defaulting Government.
Chapter III.
General.
Article 421.
The Members engage to apply conventions
which they have ratified in accordance with
the provisions of this Part of the present
Treaty to their colonies, protectorates and
possessions which are not fully self-governing:
(1) Except where owing to local condi-
tions the convention is inapplicable, or
(2) Subject to such modifications as may
be necessary to adapt the convention to local
conditions.
And each of the Members shall notify to the
International Labour Office the action taken
in respect of each of its colonies, protecto-
rates and possessions which are not fully self-
governing.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
617
Article 422.
Amendments to this Part of the present
Treaty which are adopted by the Conference
by a majority of two-thirds of the votes
cast by the Delegates present shall take ef-
fect when ratified by the States whose repre-
sentatives compose the Council of the League
of Nations and by three-fourths of the Mem-
Article 423.
Any Question or dispute relating to the in-
terpretation of this Part of the present Treaty
or of any subsequent convention concluded
by the Members in pursuance of the pro-
visions of this Part of the present Treaty shall
be referred for decision to the Permanent
Court of International Justice.
Chapter IV.
Transitory Provisions.
Article 4%4-
The first meeting- of the Conference shall
take place in October. 1919. The place and
agenda for this meeting1 shall be as specified
in the Annex hereto.
Arrangements for the convening and the
organisation of the first meeting- of the Con-
ference will be made by the Government
designated for the purpose in the said Annex.
That Government shall be assisted in the
preparation of the documents for submission
to the Conference by an International Com-
mittee constituted as provided in the said
Tnlfexpenses of the first meeting- and of all
subsequent meetings held before the League
of Nations has been able to establish a gen-
eral fund, other than the expenses of Dele-
g-ates and their advisers, will be borne by the
Members in accordance with the apportion-
ment of the expenses of the International Bu-
reau of the Universal Postal Union.
Article 425.
Until the Leagnie of Nations has been con-
stituted all communications which under the
provisions of the foregoing- Articles should be
addressed to the Secretary-General of the
League will be preserved by the Director of
the International Labour Office, who will
transmit them to the Secretary-General of the
Article ««.
Pending- the creation of a Permanent Court
of International Justice disputes which in
accordance with this Part of the present
Treaty would be submitted to it for decision
will be referred to a tribunal of three per-
sons appointed by the Council of the League
of Nations.
First Meeting of Annual Labour Conference,
1919.
The place of meeting- will be Washing-ton.
The Government of the United States of
America is requested to convene the Confer-
The International Organising Committee will
consist of seven Members, appointed by the
United States of America. Great Britain.
France. Italy. Japan Belgium and Switzerland.
The Committee may. if it thinks necessary.
invite other Members to appoint representa-
tives.
Agenda:
(1) Application of principle of the 8-hours
day or of the 48-hours week.
(2) Question of preventing- or providing-
against unemployment.
(3) Women's employment:
(a) Before and after child-birth, in-
cluding- the question of maternity
benefit :
(b) During- the night:
(o) In unhealthy processes.
(4) Employment of children:
(a) Minimum age of employment:
(b) During- the night;
(c) In unhealthy processes.
(5) Extension and application of the Inter-
national Conventions adopted at Berne in 1906
on the prohibition of night work for women
employed in industry and the prohibition of
the use of white phosphorus in the manufac-
ture of matches.
Section II.
General Principles.
Article 42T.
The High Contracting Parties, recognising-
that the well being-, physical, moral and in-
tellectual, of the industrial wage-earners is of
supreme international importance, have framed,
in order to further this erreat end. the per-
manent machinery provided for in Section I
and associated with that of the League of
Nations.
They recognise that differences of climate,
habits and customs, of economic opportunity
and industrial tradition, make strict uniformity
in the conditions of labour difficult of immedi-
ate attainment. But. holding- as they do
that labour should not be regarded merely as
an article of commerce, they think that there
are methods and principles for regulating la-
bour conditions which all industrial communi-
ties should endeavor to apply, so far as their
special circumstances will permit.
Among these methods and principles, the
following- seem to the High Contracting Parties
to be of special and urgent importance:
First.— The g-uiding- principle above enunci-
ated that labour should not be regarded merely
as a commodity or article of commerce.
Second.— The right of association for all law-
ful purposes by the employed as well as by
the employers.
Third.— The payment to the employed of a
wage adequate to maintain a reasonable stand-
ard of life as this is understood in their
time and country.
Fourth.— The adoption of an eight hours day
or a forty-eight hours week as the standard
to be aimed at where it has not already
been attained.
Fifth.— The adoption of a weekly rest of at
least twenty-four hours, which should include
Sunday wherever practicable.
. Sixth,— The abolition 9f child labour and the
imposition of such limitations on the labour
[i young persons as shall permit the con-
tinuation of their education and assure their
proper physical development.
Seventh.— The principle that men and women
should receive equal remuneration for work
of equal value.
Eig-hth.— The standard set by law in each
country with respect to the conditions of la-
bour should have due reg-ard to the equitable
economic treatment of all workers lawfully
resident therein.
Ninth.— Each State should make provision
2r £, Astern of inspection in which women
should take part, in order to ensure the en-
forcement of the laws and regulations for
the protection of the employed.
Without claiming- that these methods and
principles are either complete or final, the
High Contracting Parties are of opinion that
they are well fitted to guide the policy of
the Learu^ of Nations: and that, if adopted
by the industrial communities who are mem-
bers of the League, and safeguarded in prac-
tice by an adequate system of su^h inspec-
tion, they will confer lasting- benefits upon
the wage earners of the world.
PART XIV.
Guarantees.
Section 1.
Western Europe.
Article 428.
As a eruarantee for the execution of the
present Treaty by Germany, the German ter-
ritory situated to the west of the Rhine, to-
gether with the bridgeheads, will be occu-
pied by Allied and Associated troops for a
618
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
period of fifteen years from the coming into
force of the present Treaty.
Article Jt%y.
If the conditions of the present Treaty are
faithfully carried out by Germany, the occu
patipn referred to in Article 428 will be sue
oessively restricted as follows:
(1) At the expiration of five years there
will be evacuated: The bridgehead of Co
losrne and the territories north of a line run
nine: along- the Ruhr, then along- the railwaj
Julich. Duren. Euskirchen. Rheinbach, thence
along1 the road Rheinbach to Sinzig. anc
reaching1 the Rhine at the confluence with the
Ahr; the roads, railways and places men
tioned above being1 excluded from the area
evacuated.
(2) At the expiration of ten years there
will be evacuated: The bridg-ehead of Co
blenz and the territories north of a line to
be drawn from the intersection between the
frontiers of Belgium. Germany and Holland
running- about from 4 kilometres south of
Aix-la-Chapelle, then to and following- the
crest of Forst Gemund. then east of the rail
way of the Urft Valley, then along- Blanken-
heim. Valdorf. Dreis. Ulmen to and follow
ing1 the Moselle from Bremm to Nehren. then
passing1 by Kappel and Simmern. then follow-
ing- the ridg-e of the heights between Sim-
mern and the Rhine and reaching this river
at Bacharach: all the places, valleys, roads
and railways, mentioned above being excluded
from the area evacuated.
(3) At the expiration of fifteen years there
will be evacuated: The bridgehead of Mainz,
the bridgehead of Kehl and the remainder of
the German territory under occupation.
If at that date the guarantees against un-
provoked aggression by Germany are not con-
sidered sufficient by the Allied and Associ-
ated Governments, the evacuation' of the oc-
cupying troops may be delayed to the extent
regarded as necessary for the purpose of ob-
taining the required guarantees.
Article 480.
In case either during the occupation or
after the expiration of the fifteen years re-
ferred to above the Reparation Commission
fii;ds that Germany refuses to observe the
whole or part of her obligations under the
present Treaty with regard to reparation, the
whole or part of the areas specified in Article
429 will be re-occupied immediately by the
Allied and Associated forces.
Article 431.
If before the expiration of the period of
fifteen years Germany 'complies with all the
undertakings resulting from the present Treaty
the occupying forces will be withdrawn im-
mediately.
Article 482.
All matters relating to the occupation and
not provided for by the present Treaty shall
be regulated by subsequent agreements, which
Germany hereby undertakes to observe.
Section II.
Eastern Europe
Article 433.
.As a guarantee for the execution of the Pro-
visions of the present Treaty, by which Ger-
many accepts definitely the abrogation of the
Brest-Litovsk Treaty, and of all treaties, con-
ventions and agr ements entered into by her
with the Maximalist Government in Russia,
and in order to ensure the restoration of peace
and good government in the Baltic Provinces
and Lithuania, all German troops at present
m the s?id territori s shall return to within
i frontiers of Germany as soon >as the Gov-
ernments of the Principal Allied and Associ-
ated Powers shall think the moment suitable,
having regard to the internal situation of
thepo territonps. These troops shall abstain
from all requisitions and seizures and from
any other coercive measures, with a view to
obtaining supplies intended for Germany and
shall in no way interfere with euch measure*
for national defence as may be adopted by tne
Provisional Government of Esthonia. Latvia
and Lithuania.
No other German troops shall, pending the
evacuation or after the evacuation is com-
plete, be admitted to the said territories.
PART XV.
Miscellaneous Provisions.
Article 434.
Germany undertakes to recognise the full
force of the Treaties of Peace and Additional
Conventions wnich may be concluded by the
Allied and Associated Powers with the Pow-
ers who fought on the side of Germany and
to recognise whatever dispositions may be
made concerning the territories of the former
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy of the Kingdom
of Bulgaria and of the Ottoman Empire, and
to recognise the new States within their fron-
tiers as there laid down.
Article 435.
The High Contracting1 Parties, while they
recognise the guarantees stipulated by the
Treaties of 1815. and especially by the Act of
November 20, 1815. in favour of Switzerland,
the said guarantees constituting international
obligations for the maintenance of peace, de-
clare nevertheless that the provisions of these
treaties, conventions, declarations and other
supplementary Acts concerning the neutral-
ised zone of Savoy, as laid down in paragraph
1 of Article 92 of the Final Act of the Con-
gress of Vienna and in paragraph 2 of Ar-
ticle 3 of the Treaty of Paris of November
20. 1815, are no longer consistent with pres-
ent conditions. For this reason the High
Contracting Parties take note of the agree-
ment reached between the French Government
and the Swiss Government for the abrogation
of the stipulations relating to this zone which
are and remain abrogated.
The High Contracting Parties also agree
that the stipulations of the Treaties of 1815
and of the other supplementary Acts <~oncern-
ng the free zones of Upper Savoy and the
Gex district are no longer consistent with
present conditions, and that it is for France
and Switzerland to come to an agreement to-
gether with a view to settling between them-
selves the status of these territories under
such conditions as shall be considered suitable
by both countries.
ANNEX.
I.
The Swiss Federal Council has informed the
Vench Government on May 5, 191 P. that after
'xamining the provisions of Article 435 in a
ike spirit of sincere friendship it has happily
•cached the conclusion that it was possible
o acquiesce in it under the following condi-
ions and reservations:
(1) The neutralised zone of Haute-Savoie :
(a) It will be understood that as long as
he Federal Chambers have not ratified the
greement come to between the two Govern-
aents concerning the abrogation of the stipula-
ions in respect of the neutralised zone of Sa-
oy. nothing will be definitely settled on one
ide or the other in regard to this subject.
(b) The assent given by the Swiss Govern-
ment to the abrogation of the pbove mentioned
;ipulations presupposes, in conformity with the
ext adopted, the recognition of the guaran-
ees formulated in favour of Switzerland oy
he Treaties of 1815 and particularly by the
)eclaration of November 20, 1815.
(c) The agreement between the Governments
f France and Switzerland for the abrogation
f the above mentioned stipulations will only
e considered as valid if the Treaty of Peace
ontains this Articl0 in its present wording,
iddition the parties to the Treaty of Peace
nould endeavour to obtain the assent of the
[gnatory Powers of the Treaties of 1815 and
f the Declaration of November 20, 1815.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
619
which are not signatories of the present
Treaty of Peace.
(•J) Free zone of Haute-Savoie and the dis-
trict of Gex :
(a) The Federal Council makes the most ex-
press reservations to the interpretation to be
givon to the statement mentioned m the last
paragraph of the above Article for insertion
in the Treaty of Peace, which provides that
"the stipulations of the Treaties of 1815 and
other supplementary acts concerning- the free
zones of Haute-Savoie and the Gex district
are no longer consistent with present condi-
tions." The Federal Council would not wish
that its acceptance of the above wording
should lead to the conclusion that it would
agree to the suppression of a system intended
to give neighbouring1 territory the benefit of
a special regime which is appropriate to the
geographical and economical situation and
which has been well tested.
In the opinion of the Federal Council the
question is not the modification of the cus-
toms system of the zones as set up by the
Treaties mentioned above, but only the regu-
lation in a manner more appropriate to the
economic conditions of the present day of the
terms of the exchange of goods between the
regions in auestion. The Federal Council
has been led to make the preceding observations
by the perusal of the draft Convention con-
cerning1 the future constitution of the zones
which was annexed to the note of April 26
from the French Government. While making
the above reservations the Federal Council
declares its readiness to examine in the
most friendly spirit any proposals which the
French Government may deem it convenient
to make on the subject.
(b) It is conceded that the stipulations of
the Treaties of 1815 and other sunplementary
ar-ts relative to the free zones will remain in
force until a new arrangement is come to be-
tween France and Switzerland to regulate
matters in this territory.
n.
The French Government have addressed to
the Swiss Government on May 18. 1919. the
following note in reply to the communication
set out in the preceding paragraph:
In a note dated May 5 the Swiss Legation
in Paris was good enough to inform the Gov-
ernment of the French Republic that the Fed-
eral Government adhered to the proposed
Article to be inserted in the Treaty of Peace
between the Allied and Associated Governments
and Germany.
The French Government have taken note
with much pleasure of the agreement thus
reached, and. at their reauest. the proposed
Article, which has been accepted by the Al-
lied and Associated Governments, has been in-
serted under No. 435 in the Peace conditions
presented to the German Plenipotentiaries.
The Swiss Government, in their note of May
5 on this subject, have expressed various Tiews
and reservations.
Concerning" the observations relating to the
free zones of Ha.ute-Savoie and the Gex dis-
trict, the French Government have the honour
to observe that the provisions of the last
paragraph of Article 435 are so clear that
their purport cannot be misapprehended,
especially where it implies that no other
Power but Franco and Switzerland will in fu-
tu»-e bo interested in that question.
The French Government, on their part, are
anxious to protect the interests of the French
territories concerned, and. with that object,
having their special situation in view, they
bear in mind the desirability of assuring them a
suitable customs resrime and determining, in a
manner better suited to present conditions, the
methods of exchancr-s between these territories
and the adjacent Swiss territories, while taking
into .Account the reciprocal interests of both
regions.
It is understood that this must In no way
prejudice the rierht of France to adjust her
customs line in this region in conformity
with her political frontier, as ib done on the
other portions of her territorial boundaries,
and as was done by Switzerland Ions ago on
her own boundaries in this region.
The French Government are pleased to note
on this subject in what a friendly disposi-
tion the Swiss Government take this oppor-
tunity of declaring their willingness to con-
sider any French proposal dealing with the
system to be substituted for the present
reg-ime of the said free zones, which the
French Government intend to formulate in
the same friendly spirit.
Moreover, the French Government have no
doubt that the provisional maintenance of the
regime of 1815 as to the free zones referred
to in the above mentioned paragraph of the
note from the Swiss Legation of May 5,
whose object is to provide for the passage
from the present regime to the conventional
regime, will cause no delay whatsoever in the
establishment of the new situation which "has
been found necessary by the two governments.
This remark applies also to the ratification
by the Federal Chambers, dealt with in para-
graph 1 (a), of the Swiss note of May 5.
under the heading "Neutralized zone of Haute-
Savoie."
Article 48 6.
The High Contracting Parties declare and
place on record that they have taken note
of the Treaty signed by the Government of
the French Republic on July 17. 1918. with
His Serene Highness the Prince of Monaco de-
fining the relations between France and the
Principality.
Article 487.
The High Contracting Parties agree that,
in the absence of a subsequent agreement to
the contrary, the Chairman of any Commis-
sion established by the present Treaty shall
in the event of an equality of votes be en-
titled to a second vote.
Article 1,88.
The Allied and Associated Powers agree that
where Christian religious missions were being1
maintained by German societies or persons
in territory belonging to them, or of which
the government is entrusted to them in ac-
cordance with the present Treaty, the property
which these missions or missionary societies
possessed, including that of trading societies
whose profits were devoted to the support of
missions, shall continue to be devoted to mis-
sionary purposes. In order to ensure the
due execution of this undertaking the Allied
and Associated Governments will hand over
such property to boards of trustees appointed
by or approved by the Governments and com-
posed of persons holding the faith of the
mission whose property is involved.
The Allied and Associated Governments,
while continuing to maintain full control as
to the individuals by whom the missions are
conducted, will safeguard the interests of such
missions.
Germany, taking note of the above under-
taking, agrees to accept, all arrangements made
or to be made by the Allied or Associated
Government concerned for carrying- on the
work of said missions or trading societies
and waives all claims on their behajf.
Article 489.
Without prejudice to the provisions of the
present Treaty, Germany undertakes not to
put forward directly or indirectly against any
Allied or Associated Powers, signatory of the
present Treaty, including those which, without
having declared war. kave broken off diplo-
matic relations with the German Empire, any
pecuniary claim based on events which oc-
curred at any time before the cominar into
force of the present Treaty.
The present stipulation will bar completely
620
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
and finally all claims of this nature, which
will be thenceforward extinguished, whoever
may be the parties in interest.
Article 440.
Germany accepts and recognises as valid
and binding all decrees and orders concerning
German shops and goods and all orders relat-
ing1 to the payment of costs made by any
Prize Court of any of the Allied or Associated
Powers, and undertakes not to put forward
any claim arising- out of euch decrees or or-
ders on behalf of any German national.
The Allied and Associated Powers reserve
the right to examine in such manner as they
may determine all decisions and orders of
•German Prize Courts, whether affecting the
property rights of nationals of those Powers
or of neutral Powers. Germany agrees to
furnish copies of all the documents consti-
tuting the record of the cases, including the
decisions and orders made, and to accept and
give effect to the recommendations made aft-
er such examination of the cases.
The present Treaty, of which the French
and English texts are both authentic, shall
be ratified.
The deposit of ratifications shall be made
at Paris as soon as possible
Powers of which the seat of the Government
is outside Europe will be entitled merely to
inform the Government of the French Repub-
lic through their diplomatic representative at
Paris that their ratification has been given;
in that case they must transmit the instru-
ment of ratification as soon as possible.
A first proces-verbaJ of the deposit of rati-
fications will be drawn up as soon as the
Treaty has been ratified by Germany on the
one hand, and by three of the Principal Allied
and Associated Powers on the other hand.
From the date of this first proces-verbal
the Treaty will come into force between the
High Contracting Parties who have ratified it.
For the determination of all periods of time
provided for in the present Treaty this date
will be the date of the coming- into force of
the Treaty.
In all other respects the Treaty will enter
into force for each Power at the date of the
deposit of its ratification.
The French Government will transmit to
all the signatory Powers a certified copy of
the proces-verbaux of the deposit of ratifica-
tions.
IN FAITH WHEREOF the above-namsc"
Plenipotentiaries have signed the presenv
Treaty.
Done at Versailles, the twenty-eighth day of
June, one thousand nine hundred and nine-
teen, in a single copy which will remain
deposite4 in the archives of the French Re-
public, and of which authenticated copies
will be transmitted to each of the signatory
Powers.
TREATY WITH POLAND.
Under article 93 of the featy of peace with
Germany, Poland was asked to sign a treaty
submitted by the supreme
principal allied and associat
treaty was transmitted to "'
council of the
J powers. This
Paderewski on
June 24. 11)19. accompanied by a letter from
M. Clemenccau explaining the considerations
by which the allied and associated powers
"were guided in dealing with the Question. In
the letter the president of the conference
pointed out that the treaty did not constitute
any Iresh departure. "It has for a long
time," wrote M. Clemenceau, "been the es-
tablished procedure of the public law of
Europe that when a state is created, or even
when large accessions are made to an es-
tablished state, the joint and formal recogni-
tion by thy great powers should be accom-
panied by the requirement that such state
should, in the form of a binding interna-
tional convention, undertake to comply with
certain principles of government.
"In this connection I must also recall to
your consideration the fact that it is to the
endeavors and sacrifices of the powers in
whose name I am addressing you that the
Polish nation owes the recovery of its inde-
pendence. It is by their decision that Polish
sovereignty is being re-established over the
territories in question and that the inhabi-
tants of these territories are being incorpo-
rated in the Polish nation. It is on the
support which the resources of these powers
wih afford to the league of nations that for
the future Poland will to a large extent de-
torles*°r secure Possession of these terri-
• ^explaining some of the individual clauses
in the treaty M. Clemenceau wrote: "Article
2 guarantees to all inhabitants those elemen-
tary rights, which are. as a matter of fact
secured in every civilized state. Clauses 3 to
6 are designed to insure that all the genuine
residents in the territories now transferred to
Polish sovereignty shall in fact be assured of
of citizenship. Articles 7
accordance with prece-
'any discrimination
citizens who by their re-
« or their race differ f roll
the large mass of the Polish population
RU U
' ~ •£ are
againstPth°nVcldeT> i?
against those Polis
the:r l
n
, Causes 10 and 12 deal specifically with the
Jewish citizens of Poland. The information
at the disposal of the principal allied and as-
sociated power? as to the existing relations be-
tween the Jews and the other Polish citizens
has led them to the conclusion that, in view
of the historical development of the Jewish
question and the great animosity aroused by
it. special protection is
Jews in Poland. These
necessary for the
clauses have been
limited to the minimum which seems neees-
of the present
Jewish schools
sary under the circumstances
day. viz., the maintenance of _______ ________
and the protection of the Jews in the re
ligious observance of their sabbath. It is
believed that these stipulations will not create
any obstacle to the political unity of Poland.
They do not constitute any recognition of the
Jews as a separate political community within
the Polish state. The educational provisions
contain nothing beyond what is in fact pro-
vided in the educational institutions of many
highly organized modern states. Ample safe-
guards against the use of non-Polish lan-
guages to encourage a spirit of national
separation have been provided in the express
acknowledgment that the provisions of this
treaty do not prevent the Polish state from
making the Polish language obligatory in all
its schools and educational institutions."
TEXT OF THE TREATY.
"The United States of America, the British
empire, France. Italy and Japan the princi-
pal allied and associated powers, on the one
hand: and Poland on the other hand-
Whereas the allied and associated powers
have by the success of their arms restored to
the Polish nation the independence of which
it ( had been unjustly deprived: and
Qr> i oe1r-?a9iJ)y tne Proclamation of March
*J?' A?17' tne, government of Russia assented
Polish state6-3 and8 °f &n independent
"Whereas 'the Polish state, which now in
fact exercises sovereignty over those portions
of the former Russian empire which are in-
habited by a majority of Poles, has already
been recognized as a sovereign and inde-
pendent state by the principal allied and as-
sociated powers: and
"Whereas under the treaty of peace con-
cluded with Germany by the allied and asso-
ciated powers, a treaty of which Poland is
a signatory, .certain portions of the former
incorporated
trritory
the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
621
"Whereas under the terms of the said
treaty of peace, the boundaries of Poland not
already laid down are to be subsequently
determined by the principal allied and associ-
ated powers ;
"The United States of America, the British
empire. France. Italy and Japan, on the one
hand, confirming- their recognition of the Po-
lish state, constituted within the said limits
as a sovereign and independent member of the
family of nations, and being1 anxious to insure
the execution of the provisions of article 93
of the said treaty of peace with Germany;
"Poland, on the other hand, desiring to con-
form her institutions to the principles of lib-
erty and justice, and to give a sure guaranty
to the inhabitants of the territory over which
she has assumed sovereignty :
"For this purpose the high contracting1
parties represented as follows:
"The president of the United States of Amer-
"The Honorable Woodrow Wilson, president
of the United States, acting- in his own
name and by his own proper authority;
"The Honorable Robert Lansing, secretary of
"The Honorable Henry White, formerly am-
bassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary
of the United States at Rome and Paris:
"The Honorable Edward M House;
"Gen. Tasker H Bliss, military representa-
tive of the United States on the supreme
war council;
"His majesty the king1 of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Brit-
ish, dominions beyond the seas, emperor of
'Tho' Right Honorable David Lloyd George.
M. P.. first lord of his treasury and prime
"The Right Honorable Andrew Bonar Law,
M. P.. his lord privy seal:
"The Right Honorable Viscount Milner. G. C.
B G C M. G.. his secretary of state for
the colonies:
"The Right I
four, O. M.. M.
le Right Honorabl
1 Arthur James Bal-
is secretary of state
for foreign affairs:
"The Right Honorable George Nicpll Barnes.
M. P. minister without portfolio:
"And
"For the Dominion of Canada, by;
"The Honorable Charles Joseph. Doherty,
minister of justice:
"The Honorable Arthur Lewis Sifton, min-
ister of customs:
"For the Commonwealth of Australia, by:
"The Right Honorable William Morris
Hug-hes. attorney-general and prime min-
"The Right Honorable Sir Joseph Cook. G.
C. M. G.. minister for the navy:
"For the Union of South Africa by;
"Gen. the Right Honorable Louis Botha,
minister of native affairs and prime min-
ister:
"Lieut.-Gen. the Right Honorable Jan
Christiaan Smuts. K. C., minister of de-
fense:
"For the Dominion of New Zealand, by:
"The Right Honorable William Ferguson
Mnssey. minister of labor and prime min-
ister:
"For Indin. bv:
"The Right Honorable Edwin Samuel Mon-
tagu, M. P., his secretary of state for
dia:
"Ma j. -Gen. his highness Maharaja Sir
Gangra Sing-h Bahadur, maharaja of
Bikaner. G. C. S. I.. G. C. I. E.. G. C. V.
O.. K. C. B.. A. D. C.
"The president of the French republic, by:
"Mr. George* Clemenceau. president of the
council, minister of war;
"Mr. Stephen Pichon minister of foreign af-
"Mr. 'Lcuis Lucien Kletz. minister of fi-
nance;
"Mr. Andre Tardieu. commissary general for
Franco-American military affairs;
"Mr JuLs Cambon. ambassador of France*
His majesty the king of Italy, by:
"Baron S. Sonnino. deputy; i
"Marquis G. Imperial!, senator, ambassador
Jf his majesty the king1 of Italy at Lon-
on:
r. S. Crespi. deputy;
•'His majesty the emperor of Japan, by:
"Marquis Saionzi. formerly president of
the council of ministers;
"Baron Makino, formerly minister of for-
eign affairs, member of the diplomatic
council :
"Viscount Chinda. ambassador extraordinary
and plenipotentiary of H. M. the emperor
of Japan at Paris;
"Mr. K. Matsui. ambassador extraordinary
and plenipotentiary of H. M. the emperor
of Japan at London:
"Mr. H. Ijuin. ambassador extraordinary and
plenipotentiary of H. M. the emperor of
Japan at Rome:
"The president of the Polish republic, by:
"Mr. Ignace J. Paderewski, president of the
cil of ministers, minister of foreign
r. Roman Dmowski. president of the Po-
lish national committee;
"After having exchanged their full powers,
found in good and due form, have agreed
as follows:
Chapter I.
Article 1.
"Poland undertakes that the stipulations con-
tained in articles 2 to 8 of this chapter shall
be recognized as fundamental laws, and that
no law, regulation or official action shall con-
flict or interfere with the stipulations, nor
shall any law, regulation or official action
prevail over them.
Article 2.
'Poland undertakes to assure full and com-
plete protection of life and liberty to all in-
habitants of Poland without distinction of
birth, nationality, language, race or religion.
"All inhabitants of Poland shall be entitled
to the free exercise, whether public or private,
of any creed, religion or belief whose practices
are not inconsistent with public order or pub-
lic morals.
Article 3.
"Poland admits and declares to "be Polish
nationals ipso facto and without the requir*-
ment of any formality German. Austrian. Hun-
garian or Russian nationals habitually resident
at the date of the coming into force of the
present treaty in territory which is or may be
recognized as forming part of Poland, but sub-
ject to any provisions in the treaties of peace
with Germany or Austria respectively relating-
io persons who became resident in such ter-
ritory after a specified date.
"Nevertheless, the persons referred to above
who aro over 18 years of aere will be en-
titled under the conditions contained in the
.laid treaties to opt for any other nationality
which may be open to them. Option by a hus-
band will cover his wife and option by parents
will cover their children under 18 years of age.
"Persons who have exercised the above right
to opt must, except where it is otherwise pro-
vided in the treaty of peace with Germany,
transfer within the succeeding twelve months
their place of residence to the state for which
they have opted. They will be entitled to re-
tain the'r immovable property in Polish tprri-
tory. They may carry with them their mov-
able pron^rty of every description. No; export
dxiti?s may be imposed upon them in con-
nection with the removal of such property.
Article %.
"Poland admits and declares to be Polish
nationals ipso facto and without the require-
ment of any formality persons of German. Aus-
trian. Hungarian or Russian nationality who
were born in the said territory of parents
habitually resident there, even if at the date
622
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
of the coming1 into force of the present treaty
they are net themselves habitually resident
"Nevertheless, within two years after the
coming into force of the present treaty, these
persons may make a declaration before the
competent Polish authorities in the country
in which they are resident, stating- that they
abandon Polish nationality, and they will then
cease to be considered as Polish nationals. In
this connection a declaration by a husband will
cover his wife, and a declaration by parents
•will cover their children under 18 years of ag-e.
Article 5.
"Poland undertakes to put no hindrance in
the way of the exercise of the right which the
persons concerned have, under the treati<
con-
and
eluded or to be concluded by the alii
associated powers with Germany. Austria.
Hungary or Russia, to choose whether or not
they will acquire Polish nationality.
Article 6.
"All persons born in Polish territory who are
not born nationals of another state shall ipso
facto become Polish nationals.
Article 7.
"AH Polish nationals shall be equal before
the law and shall enjoy the same civil and
political rights without distinction as to race,
language or religion. .
"Differences of religion, creed or confession
shall not prejudice any Polish national in
matters relating to the enjoyment of civil or
political rights, as for instance admission to
public employments, functions and honors, or
the exercise of professions and industries.
"No restriction shall be imposed on the free
Use by any Polish natipnal of any language
in private intercourse, in commerce, in reli-
gion, in the press or in publications of any
kind or at public meetings.
"Notwithstanding any establishment by the
Polish government of an official language,
adequate facilities shall be given to Polish
nationals of non-Polish speech for the use of
their language, either orally or in writing.
before the courts.
Article 8.
"Polish nationals who belong to racial, re-
ligious or linguistic minorities shall enjoy the
same treatment and security in law and in
fact as the other Polish nationals. In par-
ticular they shall have an equal right to es-
tablish, manage and control at their own ex-
pense charitable, religious and social institu-
tions, schools and other educational estab-
lishments, with the right to use their own
language and to exercise their religion freely
therein.
Article 9.
"Poland will provide in the public educa-
tional system in towns and districts in which
a considerable proportion of Polish nationals
of other than Polish speech are residents ade-
quate facilities for insuring that in the pri-
mary schools the instruction shall be given
to the children of such Polish nationals
through the medium of their own language.
This provision shall not prevent the Polish
government from making the teaching of the
Polish language obligatory in the said schools.
"In towns and districts where there is a
considerable proportion of Polish nationals be-
longing to racial, religious or linguistic
minorities, these minorities shall be assured an
equitable share in the enjoyment and appli-
cation of the sums which may be provided
out of public funds under the state, munic-
ipal or other budget, for educational, religious
or charitable purposes.
"The provisions of this article shall apply
to Polish citizens of German speech only in
that part of Poland which was German terri-
tory on Aug. 1. 1914.
Article 10.
"Educational committees appointed locally by
the Jewish communities of Poland will, sub-
ject to the general control of the state, pro
vide for the distribution of the proportional
share of public funds allocated to Jewish
schools in accordance with article 9 and for
the organization and management of these
schools.
"The provisions of article 9 concerning the
use of languages in schools shall apply to
these schools.
Article 11.
"Jews shall not be compelled to perform any
act which constitutes a violation of their
Sabbath, nor shall they be placed under any
disability by reason of their refusal to at-
tend courts of law or to perform any legal
business on their Sabbath. This provision.
ho\yever, shall not exempt Jews from such
obligations as shall be imposed upon all other
Polish citizens for the necessary purposes of
military service, national defense or the pres-
ervation of public order.
"Poland declares her intention to refrain
from ordering or permitting elections, whether
general pr local, to be held on a Saturday, nor
will registration for electional or other pur-
poses be compelled to be performed on a
Saturday.
Article 12.
"Poland agrees that the stipulation in the
foregoing articles, so far as they affect per-
sona belonging to racial, religious or linguistic
minorities, constitute obligations of interna-
ional concern and shall be placed under the
guaranty of the League of Nations. They shall
not be modified without the assent of a ma-
jority of the council of the League of Nations.
The United States, the British empire, France.
Italy and Japan hereby agree not to withhold
their assent from any modification in these
articles which is in due form assented to by a
majority of the council of the League of Na-
"Poland agrees that any member of the
council of the League of Nations shall have
the right to bring to the attention of the coun-
cil auy infraction, or any danger of infraction,
of any of these obligations, and that the coun-
cil may thereupon take such action and give
uch direction as it may deem proper and
effective in the circumstances.
Poland further agrees that any difference
of opinion as to questions of law or fact aris-
ing cut of these articles between the Polish
government and any of the principal allied and
associated powers or any other power, a mem-
ber of the council of the League of Nations,
shall be held to be a dispute of an international
character under article 14 of the covenant of
the League of Nations. The Polish govern-
ment hereby consents that any such dispute
shall, if the other party thereto demands, be
referred to the permanent court of interna-
tional justice. The decision of the permanent
court shall be final and shall have the same
force and effect as an award under article 13
of the covenant.
Chapter II.
Article IS.
"Each of the principal allied and associated
powers on the one part and Poland on the
other shall be at liberty to appoint diplomatic
representatives to reside in their respective
capitals, as well as consuls-general, consuls,
vice-consuls and consular agents to reside in
the towns and ports of their respective terri-
tories.
"Consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls and
consular aerents. however, shall not enter upon
their duties until they have been admitted in
the usual manner by the government in the
territory of which they are stationed.
"Consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls and
consular agents shall enjoy all the facilities,
privileges, exemptions and immunities of every
kind which are or shall be granted to consular
officers of the most favored nation.
Article 1%.
"Pending the establishment of an import
tariff by the Polish government, goods originat-
ing in the allied nnd associated states shall not
be subject to any higher duties on importa-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
623
tion into Poland than the most favorable
rates of duty applicable to g-oods of the same
kind under either the German. Austro-Hun-
g-arian or Russian customs tariffs on July 1,
1914' ' Article IB.
"Poland undertakes to make no treaty, con-
vention or arrangement and to take no. other
action which will prevent her from Joining-
in any general agreement for the equitable
treatment of the commerce of other states that
rnav be concluded under the auspices of the
League of Nations within five years from the
coming- into force of the present treaty*
"Poland also undertakes to extend to all the
allied and associated states any favors or
privileges in customs matters which she may
grant during- the same period of five years
to any state with which since August, 1914.
the allies have been at war. or to any state
which may have concluded with Austria spe-
cial customs arrangements as provided for 11
the treaty of peace to be concluded witn
Austria.
Article 16.
"Pending- the conclusion of the g-eneral
agreement referred to above. Poland under-
takes to treat on the same footing- as national
vessels or vessels of the most favored nation
the vessels of all the allied and associated
states which accord similar treatment to
Polish vessels.
"By way of exception from this provision,
the right of Poland or of any other allied
or associated state to confine her maritime
coasting- trade to national vessels is expressly
reserved.
Article 17.
"Pending- the conclusion under the auspices
of the league of nations of a general con-
vention to secure and maintain freedom of
communications and of transit. Poland under-
takes to accord freedom of transit to per-
sons, goods, vessels, carriages, wagons and
mails in transit to or from any allied or
associated state over Polish territory, in-
ciuding1 territorial waters, and to treat them
at least as favorably as the persons, goods,
vessels, carriages, wagons and mails respective-
ly of Polish or of any other most favored
nationality, origin, importation or ownership
as regards facilities, charges, restrictions and
all other matters.
"All charges imposed in Poland on such
traffic in transit shall be reasonable, having
regard to the conditions of the traffic. Goods
in transit shall be exempt from all customs
or other duties. Tariffs for transit traffic
across Poland and tariffs between Poland and
any allied or associated power involving-
through tickets or waybills shall be estab-
lished at the request of that allied or as-
sociated power.
"Freedom of transit shall extend to postal;
telegraphic and telephonic services.
"It is agreed that no allied or associated
power can claim the benefit of these provisions
on behalf of any part of its territory in which
reciprocal treatment is not accorded in respect
to the same subject matter.
"If within a period of five years from the
coming1 into force of the present treaty no
g-eneral convention as aforesaid shall have been
concluded under the auspices of the League of
Nations. Poland shall be at liberty at any time
thereafter to give twelve months' notice to
the secretary-g-eneml of the League of Nations
to terminate the obligations of this article-
Article 18.
"Pending1 the conclusion of a general con-
vention on the international regime of water-
ways, Poland undertakes to apply to the
river system of the Vistula (inclrdiner the
Bug- and the Narev), the regime applicable to
international waterways set out in »rti"1es
332 to 337 of the treaty of peace with Ger-
many.
Article 19.
"Poland undertakes to adhere within twelve
months of the coming into force of the pres-
ent .lr^at.y to the international conventions
specified in Annex I.
"Poland undertakes to adhere to any new
convention, concluded with the approval of
the council of the league of nations within
five years of the coming- into force of the
present treaty, to replace any of the inter-
national instruments specified i'n Annex I
"The Polish government undertakes within
twelve months to notify the secretary-general
of the league of nations whether or not Po-
land desires to adhere to either or both of
the international conventions specified in An-
"Until Poland has adhered to the two con-
ventions last specified in Annex I. she agrees
on condition of reciprocity, to protect bv
effective measures the industrial, literary and
artistic property of nationals of the allied
and associated states. In the case of any
allied or associated state not adhering to the
said conventions Poland agrees to continue
to afford such effective protection on the
same conditions until the conclusion of a spe-
cial bilateral treaty or agreement for that
purpose, with such allied or associated state.
. Pending- her adhesion to the other conven-
tions specified in Annex I Poland will secure
to the nationals of the allied and associated
powers the advantages to which they would
be entitled under the said conventions.
Poland! further agrees, on condition of reel-
procity. to recognize and protect all rights
m any industrial, literary or artistic property
belonging- to the nationals of the allied and
associated states in force or which but for the
war would .have been in force in any part
of her territories before transfer to Poland.
For such purposes she will accord the ex-
tension of time agreed to in articles 307 and
308 of the treaty with Germany.
Annex I.
Telegraphic or Radio-Telegraphic Conventions.
"International telegraphic convention signed
at St. Petersburg, July 10-22 1875
"Regulations and tariffs drawn up by the
international telegraph conference, signed at
Lisbon. June 11, 1908.
"International radio-telegraphic convention
July 5. 1912.
Railway Conventions.
"Conventions and arrangements signed at
Bern on Oct. 14. 1890: Sept. 20. 1893; July
16. 1895: June 16. 1898. and Sept. 19. 1906.
and the current supplementary provisions made
upon those conventions.
"Agreement of May 15. 1886. regarding- the
sealing- of railway trucks subject to customs
inspection and the protocol of May 18. 1907.
"Agreement of May 15. 1886, regarding the
technical standardization of railways, as
modified on May 18. 1907.
Sanitary Convention.
"Convention of Dec. 3. 1903
Other Conventions.
"Convention of Sept. 26. 1906. for the sup-
pression of nig-ht work for women.
"Convention of Sept. 26. 1906. for the sup-
pression of the use of white phosphorus in
the manufacture of matches.
"Convention of May 18, 1904, and May 4.
1910. regarding1 the suppression of the white
slave traffic
'Convention of May 4. 1910. regarding- the
suppression of obscene publications.
International convention of Paris of Mnrch
20. 1883. as revised at Washington in 1911.
for the protection of industrial property.
"International convention of Bern of S^Tit.
9. 1886. revised at Berlin on Nov 13. 1908.
and completed by the additional protocol
iern^d at B-rn on March 20 1914. for the
protection of literary and artistic work.
€24
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Annex II.
"Agreement of Madrid of April 14. 1891. for
the prevention of false indications of origin
of goods, revised at Washington in 1911, and
"Agreement of Madrid of April 14. 1891, for
the international registration of trade marks,
revised at Washington in 1911.
Article 20.
"All rights and privileges accorded by the
foregoing articles to the allied and associated
states shall be accorded equally to all states
members of the League of Nations.
Article 21.
"Poland agrees to assume responsibility for
such proportion of the Russian public debt
and other Russian public liabilities of any kind
as may be assigned to her under a special con-
vention between the principal allied and as-
sociated powers on the one hand and Poland
on the other, to be prepared by a commission
appointed by the above states. In the event
of the commission not arriving at an agree-
ment the point at issue shall be referred
or immediate arbitration to the League of
lations.
"The present treaty, of which the French, and
fix
English texts are both authentic, shall be rati-
fied. It shall come into force at the same
time as the treaty of peace with Germany.
"The deposit of ratifications shall be made
at Pans.
"Powers of which the seat of the govern-
ment is outside of Europe will be entitled
merely to inform the government of the
French republic through their diplomatic rep-
resentative at Paris that their ratification has
been given: in that case they must transmit
the instrument of ratification as soon as pos-
sible.
"A proces-verbal of the deposit of ratifica-
tion will be drawn up.
"The Fr
rench government will transmit to all
the signatory powers a certified copy of the
proces-verbal of the deposit of ratifications.
"In faith whereof the above named pleni-
potentiaries have signed the present treaty
"Done at Versailles, the 28th day of June.
1919. in a single copy, which will remain de-
posited in the archives of the French repub-
lic, and of which authenticated copies will
be transmitted to each of the signatory pow-
[The foregoing treaty was signed at Ver-
sailles. June 28. 1919.]
CONQUEST OF MESOPOTAMIA.
In November. 1914. the British landed the
Poona division of the Indian army at the
head of the Persian gulf to protect the oil
fields to the northeast of Basra and interests
in Persia and Arabia. Still another purpose
in sending- an expedition into Mesopotamia
was to prevent the Germans from making- use
of the Bagdad railway to launch gunboats
and submarines on the Persian gulf to cut the
British communications by sea with Australia
and India. The following is a summary of
the campaign that followed and finally resulted
in the conquest of Mesopotamia by the Anglo-
Indian forces:
Basra was captured by the. British Nov. 22.
1914. Fighting of an unimportant character
followed after the Mesopptamian army had
been re-enforced by two divisions of infantry
and one of cavalry. The commander of the
army was Gen. Sir John Nixon and of the
divisions Mai .-Gen. Townshend and Maj.-
Gen. Gorringe. In the summer of 1915 the
Turks were defeated at Nasiriyeh and Amara.
In September the 6th division under Town-
shend captured Kut-el-Amara. He was ordered
to advance on Bagdad, thoug-h his forces were
depleted and poorly equipped. He did so
against his will and on Nov. 22. 1915. won
the battle of Ctesiphon. Then the Turks,
commanded by the German general Marshal
von der Goltz, attacked and forced the British
to retreat to Kut-el-Amara. where they were
besieged and forced to surrender April 29.
1916. after some 20.000 men had been sacri-
ficed in aUempts to rescue them. Gen. Nixon
had been succeeded in command of the army
by Sir Percy Lake. The Kut-el-Amara disaster
cost the British 40.000 men in killed and
wounded and prisoners.
Sir Percy Lake was succeeded by Lieut .-Gen.
Sir Stanley Maude, who, after several months
spent in the reorganization of the army, began
an advance which finally resulted in the com-
plete overthrow of the Turks in Mesopotamia.
Every movement was carefully planned and
energetically carried out, with the result that
no further reverses of a serious nature oc-
curred. Kut-el-Amara was retaken Feb. 24,
1917. by the 13th British and three Indian
divisions and on March 11 the same force
captured Bagdad. On April 23 Samara was
taken and on Sept. 29, Ramadie, on the Eu-
phrates river, was in the possession of the
British. Tekrit on the Tigris fell Nov. 5.
Gen. Maude died Nov. 18 and was succeeded
by Lieut.-Gen. W. R. Marshall, who in 1918
continued the victorious advance up the Tigris
ana the Euphrates rivers. Hit-on-the-
Euphrates was captured March 10 and Khan
Bagdadie on March 26. A column of troops
advancing- along- the Shatt-el-Adhaim defeated
the Turks at Tauk and Kirkuk April 27-30 and
in conjunction with another column, which
had come up on the west bank of the Tigris,
took Ashur and Kalat Shergal Oct. 28-29.
On Oct. 30. 1918. the Indo-British forces
occupied Mosul and the ruins of ancient Nin-
eveh on the east bank of the Tigris. This
terminated the campaign, as the Turks on that
day capitulated to the allies.
FRENCH ARMY FOURRAGERE DECORATION.
[From Army and Navy Journal.]
The French have three different military
medals. The Legion of Honor, with a red rib-
bon: the military medal, with a yellow and
green ribbon: and the war cross, with a green
and red ribbon. There are several grades of
the Legion of Honor, some awarded for mili-
tary and some for civilian merit. Its military
award is always to an officer, except in the
most unusual circumstances, when it may be
awarded to a soldier. The military medal is
given almost exclusively to soldiers, and it is
a peace aa well as a war award, as is the
Leg-ion of Honor decoration. The military
medal may be awarded to general officers, but
only in recognition of exceptionally merito-
rious service in the field. It is worn by Mar-
shal Foch and Marshal Joffre. The war cross
is awarded to both officers and soldiers and is
exclusively a military medal.
At times a regiment, or an isolated company
or battalion, will be cited for special gallantry
in action as a whole, and when so cited its
colors are decorated with one of these medals.
If an organization is cited two or three times
each man in it is awarded the fourragere. or
cord, made of the colors of th^ war cross,
green and red. If cited four or five times the
colors are decorated with the military medal
and the cord worn hy the men in the organiza-
tion is made of yellow and green. For six or
more citations the colors get the Legion of
Honor medal and a solid cord of red is awarded
every man. Thus the citations in order are
the war cross, the military medal and the
medal of the Legion of Honor.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
625
TREATY OF PEACE WITH AUSTRIA.
Following1 is the text of the treaty of peace
with Austria as presented to the United States
senate Sept. 15, 1919. and printed in the
Congressional Record for that date. It is an
authentic copy of the original treaty, signed
Sept. 10:
aPAI. ALLIED A!?1
ERS AND AUSTRIA.
ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POW-
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE
BRITISH EMPIRE. FRANCE, ITALY and
JAPAN.
These powers being1 described in the present
treaty as the principal allied and associated
powers:
BELGIUM. BOLIVIA, BRAZIL. CHINA.
CUBA. ECUADOR, GREECE, GUATEMALA,
HAITI. THE HEDJAZ. HONDURAS. LIBERIA.
NICARAGUA. PANAMA, PERU, POLAND.
PORTUGAL. ROUMANIA. THE SERB-CROAT-
SLOVENE STATE, SIAM. CZECHO-SLOVAKIA
and URUGUAY.
These powers constituting1, with the princi-
pal powers mentioned above, the allied and
associated powers,
of the one part:
And AUSTRIA.
of the other part:
Whereas, on the reauest of the former impe-
rial and royal Austro-Hungarian government
an armistice was granted to Austria-Hungary
on Nov. 3. 1918. by the principal allied and
associated powers in order that a treaty of
peace might be coacluded. and.
Whereas, the allied and associated powers
are equally desirous that the war in which
certain among them were successively in-
volved, directly or indirectly, against Austria-
Hungary, and which originated in the declara-
tion of war against Serbia on July 28. 1914,
by the former imperial and royal Austro-Hun-
garian government, and in the hostilities con-
ducted by Germany in alliance with Austria-
Hungary, should be replaced by a firm, just
add durable peace, and.
Whereas, the former Austro-Hungarian mon-
archy has now ceased to exist, and has been
replaced in Austria by a republican govern-
ment, and
Whereas, the principal allied and associated
powers have already recognized that the
Czecho-Slovak state, in which are incorporated
certain portions of the said monarchy, is a
free, independent and allied state, and.
Whereas, the said powers have also recog-
nized the union of certain portions of the said
monarchy with the territory of the kingdom
of Serbia as a free, independent and allied
state, under the name of the Serb-Croat-Slo-
vene state, and,
'Whereas, it is necessary, while restoring
peace, to regulate the situation which has
arisen from the dissolution of the said mon-
archy and the formation of the said states,
and to establish the government of these
countries on a firm foundation of justice and
equity;
For this purpose the HIGH CONTRACTING
PARTIES represented .as follows:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA, by:
The Honorable Frank Lyon Polk. Under-
secretary of State:
The Honorable Henry White, formerly Am-
bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of the United States at Rome and Paris.
Gen. Tasker H. Bliss. Military Representa-
tive of the United States on the Supreme
War Council:
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE UNITED
KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRE-
LAND AND OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS
BEYOND THE SEAS. EMPEROR OF INDIA,
The Right Honorable David Lloyd George,
M. P.. First Lord of His Treasury and
Prime Minister:
The Right Honorable Arthur James Bal-
four, O. M., M. P.. His Secretary of StaU
for Foreign Affairs:
The Right Honorable Andrew Bonar Law,
M. P.. His Lord Privy Seal:
The Right Honorable Viscount Milner. G.
C. B.. G. C. M. G.. His Secretary of State
for the Colonies:
The Right Honorable Georg-e Nicoll Barnes.
M. P.. Minister without portfolio:
fot'tl
DOMINION of CANADA, by:
for the COMMONWEALTH 'of AUSTRALIA, 'by:
for the UNION of SOUTH AFRICA, by:
for the DOMINION of NEW ZEALAND, by:
for INDIA. "by?
THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH RE-
PUBLIC, by :
Mr. Georges Clemenceau. President of tlie
Council, Minister of War;
Mr. Stephen Pichon, Minister for Foreign
Affairs.
Mr. Louis-Lucien Klotz. Minister of Finance.
Mr. Andre Tardieu, Commissary-General for
Franco-American Military Affairs:
Mr. Jules Cambon. Ambassador of France.
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY, by:
Mi. S. Crespi. Deputy:
HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN,
Viscount Chinda. Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor
of Japan at London;
Mr. K. Matsui, Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of H. II. the Emperor
of Japan at Paris;
Mr. H. Ijuin. Ambassador Extraordinary and
. Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor ol
Japan at Rome;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BEL-
mans, Minister for Foreign Af-
fairs, Minister of State:
Mr. Jules van den Heuvel, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Minister
of State:
Mr. Emile Vandervelde. Minister of Justice,
Minister of State;
THF PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
-~LIVIA. by:
.. Ismael Montes, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary of Bolivia at
Paris;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
BRAZIL, by:
Mr. Pandia Calogeras, Deputy, formerly
Minister of Finance;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHINESE RE-
Mr. Lou Tseng-Tsiang. Minister for Foreign
Affairs:
Mr. Chengting Thomas Wang, formerly
Minister of Agriculture and Commerce.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CUBAN REPUB-
LIC, by:
Mr. Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante. Dean
of the Faculty of Law in the University
of Havana. President of the Cuban Society
of International Law;
626
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
,
Mr. JoaQuin Mendez. formerly Minister of
State for Public Works and Public Instruc-
tion: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
THF. PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
FCUADOR. by:
Mr. Dcrn y de Alsua, Envoy Extraordinary
and. Minister Plenipotentiary of Ecuador at
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEL-
Mr. Eleftherios Veniselos, President of the
Council of Ministers:
Mr. Nicolas Politis, Minister for Foreign
Affairs :
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
GUATEMALA, by
z frmerl Mi
Instruc-
Minister
Plenipotentiary of Guatemala at Washing-
ton. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary on special mission at Pans;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
HAITI, by:
Mr. Tertullien Guilbaud. Envoy Extraordi;
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Haiti
at Paris:
HJT9 MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEDJAZ.
b
[r. Rustem Haidar;
Abdul Hadi Aouni;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
HONDURAS, by:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
LIBERL4.. by:
Honorable Charles Dunbar Burgees
ing. Secretary of State;
[E PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
TICARAGUA. by:
fr Salvador Chnmorro. President of the
Chamber of Deputies:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
PANAMA, by:
Mr. Antonio Burgos, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary of Panama at
Madrid:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
PERU, by:
Mr. Carlos G. Candamo. lEnvoy Extraordinai-y
and Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru at
Paris:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE POLISH REPUB-
LIC. by:
Mr. Ignace Paderewski. President of the
Council of Ministers. Minister for Foreign
Mr. Roman Dmowski, President of the Polish
National Committee;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE
REPUBLIC, by:
Dr. Affonso Costa, formerly President of the
Council of Ministers :
Mr. Augusto Soares. formerly Minister for
Foreign Affairs;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ROUMANIA.
Mr'. Ion I. C. Bratiano. President of the
Council of Ministers. Minister for Foreign
Gen. Constantin Coanda. Corps Commander,
A. D. C. to the King, formerly President
of the Council of Ministers;
HIS MAJESTY THE KI^O OF THE SERBS.
THE CROATS AND THE SLOVENES, by;
Mr. Nicolas P. Pachitch. formerly President
of the Council of Ministers:
Mr. Ante Trumbic, Minister for Foreign Af-
fairs :
Mr. Milenko Vesnitch. Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary of H. M. the
King of the Serbs, the Croats and the Slo-
venes at Paris:
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SIAM. by:
Prince Charoon Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King
of Siam at Paris:
Prince Traidos Prabandhu. Under Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs:
FUICb CZECHQ-SLOVAK
Mr. Karel kraniar. President of the Council
of Ministers;
Mr. Edouard Benes, Minister for Foreign
Affairs:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
TJRTJXjrLJAY, "by !
Mr. Juan Antonio Buero, Minister for For-
eign Affairs, formerly Minister ol Indus-
try:
AUSTRIA, by:
Mr. Charles Renner. Chancellor of the Aus-
trian Republic.
WHO. having communicated their full powers,
found in good and due form, have AGREED
A.S FOLLOW.S :
From the coming into force of the present
treaty the state of war will terminate.
Austria is recognized under the name of the
"Republic of Austria."
From that moment, and subject to the pro-
visions of this treaty, official relations will
exist between thp allied and associated pow-
ers and the republic of Austria.
PART I.— THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE
[Omitted. See treaty with Germany for
text.]
PART H.— FRONTIERS OF AUSTRIA.
Article 27.
The frontiers of Austria shall be fixed as
follows (see map) :
1. With Switzerland and Lichtenstein:
The present frontier.
2. With Italy:
From the point 645 (Gruben J.) eastward
o point 2915 (Klopaier Spitz).
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through point 1483 on the Reschen-Nauders
thence eastward to the summit of Dreiherrn
Spitz (point 3505).
the watershed between the basins of the Inn
to the north and the Ad;ge to the south:
thence south-southeastward to point 2545
(Marchkinkele) .
The watershed between the basins of the
Drave to the east and the Adige to the west:
thence southeastward to point 2483 (Helm
Spitz)
a line to be fixed on the ground crossing the
Drave between Winnbach and Arnbach:
thence east-southeastward to point 2050
(Osternig) about 9 kilometers northwest of
the "watershed between the basins of the
Drave on the north and successively the basins
of the Sextenbach. the Piave and the Taglia-
mento on the south;
thence east-southeastward to point 1492
(about 2 k'lometers west of Thorl).
the watershed between the Gail and the
Gailitz;
thence eastward to point 1509 (Pec).
a line to be fixed on the ground cutt;ner the
Gailitz south of the town and station of Thorl
and passing by point 1270 (Cabin Berg).
3. On the south, and then with the Klagen-
furt area, subject to the provisions of section
II. of part in. (Political Clauses for Europe) :
from point 1509 (Pec) eastward to point
1817 (Malestiger).
the crest of the Karavanken;
from point 1817 (Malestiger) and in a north-
easterly direction as far as the Drave at a
point situated about 1 kilometer southeast of
the railway bridge on the eastern branch of
the bend made by that river about six kil-
ometers east of Villach.
a line to be fixed on the ground cutting the
railway between Mallpfitig and Faak and pass-
ing1 through point 666 (Polana) :
thence in a southeasterly direction to a point
about two kilometers above St. Martin,
the course of the Drave:
thence in a northerly direction as far afl
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
627
point 871. about ten kilometers to the east-
northeast of Villach.
a line running approximately from south to
north to be fixed on the ground:
thence east-north-eastward to a point to be
chosen near point 725 about ten kilometers
northwest of Klageniurt on the administra-
tive boundary between the districts of St.
Veit and Klageniurt.
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through points 1069 (Taubenbuhel), 1045
(Gallinberg) and 815 (Freudenberg) :
thence eastward to a point to be ch9sen on
the ground west of point 1075 (Steinbruch
Kogel),
the administrative boundary between the dis-
tricts of St. Veit and Klagenfurt:
thence northeastward to the. point on the
Gurk where the administrative boundary of
the district of Volkermarkt leaves th.s river.
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through point 1076;
thence northeastward to point 1899 (Speik-
kogel) .
the administrative boundary between the
districts of St. Veit and Volkermarkt:
thence southeastward to point 842 (1 kil-
ometer west of Kasparstein) .
the northeastern boundary of the district oi
Volkcrmarkt:
thence eastward to point 1522 (Huhner
Kogel).
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
north of Lavamund.
4. With the Serb-Croat-Slovene state, subject
to the provisions of section II. of part HI.
(Political Clauses for Europe) :
From point 1522 (Huhner Kogel) eastward
to point 917 St. Lorenzen.
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through point 1330:
thence eastward to the point -where it meets
the administrative boundary between the dis-
tricts of Marburg- and Leibnitz.
the watershed between the basins of the
Drave to the south and the Sag-gau to the
north:
thence nprtheastward to the point where
this administrative boundary meets the Mur,
the above mentioned administrative bound-
thence to the point where it meets the old
frontiers of 1867 between Austria and Hun-
gary five kilometers southeast of Radkersburg.
the principal course of the Mur downstream;
thence northward to a point to be fixed east
of point 400 about sixteen kilometers north
of Radkersburg,
the old frontier at 1867 between. Austria and
thence 'northeastward to a point to be fixed
on the watershed between the basins of the
Baab and the Mur about two kilometers east
of Toka.
a line to be fixed on the ground, passing; be-
tween the villages of Bonisf alva 'and. Gedoudvar.
This point is the point common to the three
frontiers of Austria. Hungary and the Serb-
Croat-Slovene state.
5. With Hungary:
From the point above defined northeastward
to point 353 about six kilometers north-north-
east of Szentgotthard,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through point 353 (Janke B.). then west of
the Radkersburg-Szentgotthard road and east
of the villages of Nagyfalva, Nemetlak and
Rabakeresztur:
thence in a general northeasterly direction to
point 234 about seven kilometers north-north-
east of Pinka-Minds/ent.
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through point 323 (Hochkogel). then south of
the villages of Zsamand. Nemetbukkos and
Karacsfa. and between Nagysaroslak and
Pinka-Mindszent :
thence northward to point 883 (Trott Ko)
about nine kilometers southwest of Koszeg.
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through points 241. 260 and 273. then east
of Nagynarda and Rohoncz and west of Dqz-
mat and Butsching;
thence northeastward to point 265 (Kamen-
je) about two kilometers southeast of Ni-
kitsch.
a line to be fixed on the ground, passing
southeast of Liebing. Olmod and Locsmand
and northwest of Koszegv and the road from
Koszeg to Salamonfa:
thence northward to a point to be selected
on the southern shore of .Neusiedler See be-
tween Holling and Hidegseg.
a line to be fixed on the ground, passing
east of Nikitsch and Zinkendorf and vest of
Kovesd and Nemet-Pereszteg;
thence eastward to point 115 situated about
eight kilometers southwest of St. Johann.
a line to be fixed on the ground, crossing
the Neusiedler See. passing south of the island
containing point 117. leaving in Hungary the
branch railway running northwestward from
the station of Mexiko as well as the entire
Einser canal, and passing south of Pamhagen:
thence northward to a point to be selected
about one kilometer west of Antonienhof (east
of Kittsee). this point being the point com-
mon to the three frontiers of Austria. Hungary
and the Czecho-Slovak state.
a line to be fixed on the ground, leaving en-
tirely in Hungarian territory the Csorna-
Karlburg railway and passing west of Wust-
Sommerein and Kr. Jahrndorf, and east of
Andau, Nikelsdorf, D. Jahrndorf and Kittsee.
6. With the Czecho-Slovak state:
From the point above defined northwest-
ward to the bend of the old frontier of 1867
between Austria and Hungary about two and
a half kilometers northeast of Berg.
a line to be fixed on the ground, cutting the
Kittsee-Pressburg road about two Kilometers
north of Kittsee:
thence northward to a point to be selected
on the principal channel of navigation o*£ the
Danube about four and a half kilometers up-
stream from the Pressburg bridge.
a line to be fixed on the ground following
as much as possible the old frontier of 1867
between Austria and Hungary:
thence westward to the confluence Of the
Morava (March) with the Danube.
the principal channel of navigation of the
Danube:
thence the course of the Morava upstream,
then the course of the Thaya upstream to a
point to be selected about two kilometers
southeast of the intersection of the Rabens-
burg-Themenau road with the Rabensburg-
Lundenburg railway:
thence west-northwestward the above men-
tioned administrative boundary between Lower
Austria and Moravia situated about 400 meters
south of the point where this boundary cuts
Nikolsburg-Feldsberg railway.
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through points 187 (Dlouhyvrch). 221 (Ros-
enbergen). 223 (Wolf sbergr). 291 (Raisten-
berg) , 249 and 279 (Kallerhaide) ;
thence west-northwestward the above men-
tioned administrative boundary;
thence westward to a point to be selected
about 3 kilometers east of the village of
Franzensthal,
the old administrative boundary between
Lower Austria and Bohemia:
thence southward to point 498 (Gelsen-
berg) about 5 kilometers north-northwest of
Gmund,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
east of -the Rottenschachen-Zuggers road and
through points 537 and 522 (G. Nagel B.) ;
thence southward and then west-northwest-
ward to a point on the old administrative
boundary between Lower Austria and Bohemia
situated about 200 meters north of the point
where it cuts the Gratzen-Weitra road,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
between Zuggers and Breitensee. then through
the most southeasterly point of the railway
bridge over the Lainsitz while leaving to Aus^
tria the town of Gmund and to the Czecho-
628
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Slovak state the station and railway works of
Gmund (Wolfshof) and the junction of the
Gmund-Budweis and Gmund-Wittingau rail-
ways, then passing1 through points 524
(Grundbuhel). 577 (north of Hohenberg) and
thence southwe'stward the above mentioned
administrative boundary, then northwestward
the old administrative boundary between
Upper Austria and Bohemia to its point of
junction with the frontier of Germany.
7. With Germany:
The frontier of Aug. 3, 1914.
Article 28.
The frontiers described by the present treaty
are traced, for such parts as are defined, on
the one in a million map attached to the
present treaty. In case of differences between
the text and the maps, the text will prevail.
Article 29.
Boundary commissions, whose composition is
fixed by the present treaty, or will be fixed
by a treaty between the principal allied and
associated powers and the. or any, interested
states, will have to trace these frontiers on
the ground.
They shall have the power, not only of fixing
those portions which are defined as "a line to
be fixed on the, ground," but also, where a
request to that effect is made by one of the
states concerned, and the commission is satis-
fied that it is desirable to do -so, of revising
portions defined by administrative boundaries:
this shall not. however, apply in the case of
international boundaries existing in August.
1914, where the task of the commission will
confine itself to the re-establishment of sign-
posts and boundary marks.
They shall endeavor in both cases to follow
as nearly as possible the descriptions given in
the treaties, taking into account as far as pos-
sible administrative boundaries and local eco-
nomic interests.
The decisions of the commissions will be
taken by a majority and shall be binding on
the parties concerned.
The expenses of the boundary commissions
•will be borne in eaual shares by the two
states concerned.
Article SO.
In so far as frontiers defined by a waterway
are concerned, the phrases "course" or '"chan-
nel" used in the descriptions of the present
treaty signify, as regards non-navigable rivers,
the median line of the waterway or of its
principal branch, and. as regards navigable
rivers, the median line of the principal chan-
nel of navigation. It will rest with the
boundary commissions provided for by the
present treaty to specify whether the frontier
line shall follow any changes of the course or
channel which may take place, or whether it
shall be definitely fixed by the position of the
course or channel at the time when the pres-
ent treaty comes into force.
Article 31.
The various states interested undertake to
furnish to the commissions all documents nec-
essary for their tasks, especially authentic
copies of agreements fixing existing or old
frontiers, all large scale maps in existence,
geodetic data, surveys completed but unpub-
lished, and information concerning the changes
of frontier watercourses.
They also undertake to instruct the local
authorities to communicate to the commissions
all documents, especially plans, cadastral and
land books, and to furnish on demand all de-
tails regarding property, existing economic con-
ditions and other necessary information.
Article 32.
The various states interested undertake to
give every assistance to the boundary commis-
sions. whether directly or through local au-
thorities, in everything that concerns transport,
accommodation, labor, material (signposts,
boundary pillars) necessary for the accom-
plishment of their mission.
Article 33.
The various states interested undertake to
safeguard the trigonometrical points, signals,
posts or frontier marks erected by the com-
misSiQn- Article 34.
The pillars will be placed so as to be in-
tervisible: they will be numbered and their
position and their number will be noted on a
cartographic document.
Article 35.
The protocols defining the boundary and the
maps and documents attached thereto will be
made out in triplicate, of which two copies
will be forwarded to the governments of the
limitrophe states and the third to the gov-
ernment of the French republic, which will
deliver authentic copies to the powers who
sign the present treaty.
PART III.
POLITICAL, CLAUSES FOR EUROPE
Section I.— Italy.
Article 36.
Austria renounces, so far as she is con-
cerned, in favor of Italy all rights and title
over the territory of the former Austro-Hun-
garian monarchy 'situated beyond the frontier
laid down in article 27 (2) and lying between
that frontier, the former Austro-Hungarian
frontier, the Adriatic sea and the eastern fron-
tier of Italy as subsequently determined.
Austria similarly renounces, so far as she
is concerned, in favor of Italy all rights and
title over other territory of the former Aus-
tro-Hungarian monarchy which may be recog-
nized as forming part of Italy by any trea-
ties which may be concluded for the purpose
of completing the present settlement.
A commission composed of five members,
one nominated by Italy, three by the other
principal allied and associated powers and one
by Austria, shall be constituted within fifteen
days from the coming into force of the pres-
ent treaty to trace on the spot the frontier line
between Italy and Austria. The decisions of
the commission will be taken by a majority
and shall be binding on the parties concerned.
Article 37.
Notwithstanding the provisions of article 260
of part X. (economic clauses), persons having
their usual residence in the territories of the
former Austro-Hungarian monarchy transferred
to Italy who. during the war, have been out-
side the territories of the former Austro-
Hungarian monarchy or have been imprisoned,
interned or evacuated, shall enjoy the full
benefit of the provisions of articles 252 and
253 of part X. (Economic Clauses).
Article 38.
A special convention will determine the
terms of repayment in Austrian currency of
the special war expenditures advanced during
the war by territory of the former Austro-
Hungarian monarchy transferred to Italy or
by i ublic associations in that territory on ac-
count of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy un-
der its legislation, such as allowances to the
families of persons mobilized, requisitions, bil-
leting of troops and relief to persons who have
been evncuated.
In fixing the amount of the sums Austria
shall be credited with the amount which the
territory would have contributed to Austna-
Hungary to meet the expenses resulting from
these payments, this contribution being cal-
culated according- to the proportion of the
revenues of the former Austro-Hunganan mon-
archy derived from the territory in 1913.
Article 39.
The Italian government will collect for its
own account the taxes, dues and charges of
every kind leviable in the territories trans-
ferred to Italy and not collected on Nov. 3.
1918. Article 40.
No sum shall be due by Italy on the ground
of her entry into possession of the Palazzo
Venezia at Rome.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
629
Article 41.
Subject to the provisions of article 204 of
part IX. (Financial Clauses) relative to the
acquisition of and payment for state property
and possessions, the Italian government is sub-
stituted in all the right which the Austrian
state possessed over all the railways in the
territories transferred to Italy which were ad-
ministered by the railway administration of
the said state and which are actually work-
ing- or under construction.
The same shall apply to the rights of the
former Austro-Hungarian monarchy with re-
gard to railway and tramway concessions
within the above mentioned territories
The frontier railway stations shall be de-
termined by a subsequent agreement.
Article 42.
Austria shall restore to Italy within a period
of three months all the wagons belonging to
the Italian railways which before the outbreak
of the war had passed into Austria and have
not returned to Italy.
Article 43.
Austria renounces as from Nov. 3, 1918. on
behalf of herself and her nationals in regard to
territories transferred to Italy all rights to
which she may be entitled with regard to the
products of the aforesaid territories under any
agreements, stipulations or laws establishing
trusts, cartels or other similar organizations.
Article 44.
(For a period of ten years from the coming
into force of the present treaty central elec-
tric power stations situated in Austrian terri-
tory and formerly furnishing electric power to
the territories transferred to Italy or to any
other establishment the exploitation of which
passes to Italy shall be required to continue
furnishing this supply up to an amount cor-
responding to the undertakings and contracts
in force on Nov. 3. 1918.
Austria further admits the right of Italy to
the 'free use of the waters of Lake Raibl and
its derivative watercourse and to divert tha
said waters to the basin of the Korinitza.
Article 45.
1. Judgments rendered since Aug. 4. 1914,
by the courts in the territory transferred to
Italy in civil and commercial cases between
Ihe inhabitants of such territory and other
nationals of the former Austrian empire, or
between such inhabitants and the subjects of
the allies of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy,
shall not be carried into effect until after
indorsement by the corresponding new court
in such territory.
2. All decisions rendered for political crimes
or offenses since Aug. 4. 1914. by the judicial
authorities of the former Austro-Hungarian
monarchy against Italian nationals, including
persons who obtain Italian nationality under
the present treaty, shall be annulled.
3. In all matters relating to proceedings
initiated before the coming into force of the
present treaty before the competent authori-
ties of the territory transferred to Italy, the
Italian and Austrian judicial authorities re-
spectively shall until the coming into force of
a special convention on this subject be author-
ized to correspond with each other direct.
Requests thus presented shall be given effect
to so far as the laws of a public character
allow in the country to the authorities of
which the request is addressed.
4. All appeals to the higher Austrian judi-
cial and administrative authorities beyond the
limits of the territory transferred to Italy
against decisions of the administrative or judi-
cial authorities of this territory shall be sus-
pended. The records shall be submitted to
the authorities against whose decision the ap-
peal was entered. They must be transmitted
to the competent Italian authorities without
5. All other questions as to jurisdiction, pro-
cedure or the administration of justice will be
determined by a special convention between
Italy and Austria.
Section II.— Serb-Croat-Slovene State
Article 46.
Austria, in conformity with the action al-
ready taken by the allied and associated pow-
ers, recognizes the complete independence of
the Serb-Croat-Slovene state.
Article 47.
Austria renounces so far as she is concerned
in favor of the Serb-Croat-Slovene state all
rights and title over the territories of the for-
mer Austro-Hungarian monarchy situated out-
side the frontiers of Austria as laid down in
Article 27 of Part II. (Frontiers of Austria)
and recognized by the present treaty, or by
any treaties concluded for the purpose of com-
pleting the present settlement, as forming part
of the Serb-Croat-Slovene state.
Article 48.
A commission consisting of seven members,
five nominated by the pdncipal allied and as-
sociated powers, one by the Serb-Croat-Slovene
state and one by Austria, shall be constituted
within fifteen days from the coming into force
of the present treaty to trace on the spot the
frontier line described in Article 27 (4) of
Part II. (Frontiers of Austria).
The decisions of the commission will be
taken by a majority and shall be binding" on
the parties concerned.
Article 49.
The inhabitants of the Klagenfurt area will
be called upon, to the extent stated below, to
indicate by a vote the state to which they
wish the territory to belong.
The boundaries of the Klagenfurt area are
From point 871. about ten kilometers to the
east-northeast of Villach, southward to %i point
on the Drave about two kilometers above St.
a line running approximately from north to
south to be fixed on the ground;
thence in a northwesterly direction as lar
as a point about one kilometer southeast of
the railway bridge on the eastern branch of
the bend formed by the Drave about six
kilometers to the east of Villach.
the course of the Drave;
thence in a southwesterly direction to point
1817 (Malestiger) .
a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through point 666 (Polana) and cutting the
railway between Mallestig and Faak;
thence in an east-southeasterly direction, then
northwest to point 19*29 (Gushowa),
the watershed between the basins of the
Drave to the north and the Save to the south;
thence northeast to point 1054 (Strojna).
a line to be fixed on the ground following
in a general manner the western boundary of
the basin of the Miess, passing through points
1558, "2124 and 1185;
thence northeast to point 1522 (Huhner
Kogel).
a line to be fixed on the ground, crossing the
Drave to the south of Lavamund;
from the Huhner Kogel westward to point
842, one kilometer west of Kasparstein.
a line to be fixed on the ground passing to
the north of Lavamund;
thence as far as point 1899 (Speikkogl),
the northeastern administrative boundary of
the district nf Volkermarkt;
thence in a southwesterly direction as far as
the river Gurk.
the northwestern administrative boundary of
the district of Volkermarkt;
thence in a southwesterly direction as far as
a point on the administrative boundary to the
west of point 1075 (Steinbruch Kogel).
a line to be fixed on the ground, passing
through point 1076;
thence in a westerly direction and as far as
a point to be fixed near point 725, about ten
kilometers northwest of Klagenfurt.
630
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
the administrative boundary between the dis-
tricts ol St. Veit and Klag-enfurt;
thence as far as point 871, which was the
starting- point of this description.
a line to be fixed on the ground, passing
through points 815 (Freudenberg) , 104=5 (Gal-
linberg) and 1069 (Taubenbuhel) .
Article 50.
With a view to the organization of a plebi-
scite, the Klagenfurt area will be divided into
two zones, the first to the south and the sec-
• ond to the north of a transversal line of
which the following- is a description;
From the point where the western boundary
of the area leaves the Drave in a northerly
- direction as far as the point about one kil-
ometer to the east of Rosegg (Saint -Michael).
the course of the Drave downstream;
thence in a northeasterly direction and as
far as the western extremity of the Worther
See, south of .Velden,
a line to be fixed on the ground:
thence in an easterly direction to the outlet
of the Glanfurt from the lake.
.the median^ line of that lake;
thence eastward to its confluence with the
River Glan.
the course of the Glanfurt downstream;
thence eastward to its confluence with the
River Gurk.
the course of the Glan downstream;
thence in -a northeasterly direction, to the
point where the northern boundary of the
Klangenfurt area crosses the River Gurk.
the course
Klage
of the Gurk.
nfurt area will be placed under
The
the control of a commission intrusted with
the duty of preparing the plebiscite in that
area and assuring the impartial administration
thereof. This commission will be composed
as foll&ws: Four members nominated respect-
ively by the United States. Great Britain.
France and Italy, one by Austria, one by the
Serb-Croat-Slovene state, the Austrian member
only taking part in the deliberations of the
commission in regard to the second zone, and
the Serb-Croat-Slovene member only taking
part therein with regard to the first zone.
The decisions of the commission will be taken
by a majority.
The second zone will be occupied by the
Austrian troops and administered in accord-
ance with the general regulations of the Aus-
trian legislation.
The first zone will be occupied by the troops
of the Serb-Croat-Slovene state and admin-
istered in accordance with the general regula-
tions of the legislation of that state.
In both zones the troops, whether Austrian
or Serb-Croat-Slovene, shall be reduced to the
numbers which the commission may consider
necessary for the preservation of order, and
shall carry out their mission under the con-
trol of the commission. These troops shall
be replaced as speedily as possible by a police
force recruited on the spot.
The commission will be charged with the
duty of arranging for the vote and of taking
such measures as it may deem necessary to
insure its freedom, fairness and secrecy.
In the first zone the plebiscite will be held
within three months from the corning into
force of the present treaty, at a date fixed
by the commission.
If the vote is in favor of the Serb-Croat-Slo-
vene state, a plebiscite will be held in the sec-
ond zone within three weeks from the procla-
mation of the result of the plebiscite in the
first zone, at a date to be fixed by the com-
mission.
If. on the other hand, the vote in the first
zone is in favor of Austria, no plebiscite will
be held in the second zone, and the whole
of the area will remain definitively under Aus-
trian sovereignty.
The right of voting will be granted to every
person without distinction of sex who:
(a,) Has attained the age of 20 years on
or before Jan. 1, 1919:
(b) Has on Jan. 1. 1919. his or her habit-
ual residence within the zone subjected to the
plebiscite: and.
(c) Was bom within the said zone, or has
had his or her habitual residence or rights
of citizenship (pertinenza) there trom a date
previous to Jan. 1, 1912.
The result of the vote will be determined
by the majority of votes in the whole of
each zone.
On the conclusion of each vote the result
will be communicated by the commission to
the principal allied and associated powers,
with a full report as to the taking of the
vote, and will be proclaimed.
If the vote is in favor of the incorporation
either of the first zone or of both zones in
the Serb-Croat-Slovene state, Austria hereby
renounces, so far as she is concerned and
to the extent corresponding to the result of
the vote, in favor of the Serb-Croat-Slovene
state all rights and title over these territories.
After agreement with the commission the
Serb-Croat-Slovene government may definitively
establish its authority over the said terri-
tories.
If the vote in the first or second zone is
in favor of Austria, the Austrian government,
after agreement with the commission, will be
entitled definitively to re-establish its author-
ity over the whole of the Klagenfurt area,
or in the 'second zone, as the case may be.
When the administration of the country,
either by the Serb-Croat-Slovene state or by
Austria, as the case may .be, has been thus
assured, the powers of the commission will
terminate.
Expenditure by the commission will be borne
by Austria and the Serb-Croat-Slovene state in
equal moieties.
Article 51.
The Serb-Croat-Slovene state accepts and
agrees to embody in a treaty with the prin-
cipal allied and associated powers such pro-
visions as may be deemed necessary by these
powers to protect the interests of inhabitants
of that state who differ from the majority of
the population in race, language or religion.
The Serb-Croat-Slovene state further accepts
and agrees to embody in a treaty with the
principal allied and associated powers such
provisions as these powers may deem necessary
to protect freedom of transit and equitable
treatment of the commerce of other nations.
Article 52.
The nroportion and nature of the financial
obligations of the former Austrian empire
which the Serb-Croat-'Slovene state will have
to assume on account of the territory Placed
under its sovereignty will be determined in ac-
cordance with article 203 of part IX. (Finan-
cial Clauses) of the present treaty.
. Subsecment agreements will decide all Ques-
tions which are not decided by the present
treaty and which may arise in consequence of
the cession of the said territory.
Section III.— Czecho- Slovak State.
Article 53.
Austria, in conformity with the action al-
ready taken by the allied and associated pow-
ers, recoernizes the complete independence of
the Czecho-blovak state, which will include the
autonomous territory of the Ruthenians to the
south of the Carpathians.
Article 5 4.
Austria renounces so far as she is concerned
in favor of the Czecho-Slovak state all rierhta
and title over the territories of the former
Austro-Hunerarian monarchy situated outside
the frontiers of Austria as laid down in article
27 of part II. (Frontiers of Austria) and rec-
ognized in accordance with the present treaty
as forming: part of the Czecho-Slovak state.
Article 55.
A commission composed of seven members,
five nominated by the principal allied and as-
sociated powers, one by the Czechoslovak
state, and one by Austria, will be appointed
fifteen days after the cominff into force of the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
631
present treaty to trace on the spot the frontier
line laid down in article 27 (6) of Dart II.
(Frontiers of Austria) of the present treaty.
The decisions of this, commission will be
taken by a majority and shall be binding1 on
the parties concerned.
Article 56.
The Czecho-Slovak state undertakes not to
erect any military works in that portion of its
territory which lies on the right bank of the
Danube to the eouth of Bratislava (Pressc.
bure) .
Article 57.
The Czecho-Slovak state accept sand agrees to
embody in a treaty with the principal allied
and associated powers such provisions as may
be deemed necessary by these powers to pro-
tect the interests of inhabitants of that etate
who differ from the majority of the popula-
tion in race, language or religion.
The Czecho-Slovak state further accepts and
aerrees to embody in a treaty with the princi-
pal allied and associated powers such provi-
sions as these powers may deem necessary to
protect freedom of transit and equitable treat-
ment for the commerce of other nations.
Article 58.
The proportion and nature of the financial
obligations of the former Austrian empire
which the Czecho-Slovak state will have to
assume on account of the territory placed un-
der its sovereignty will _be determined , in ac-
cordance with article 20
cial Clauses) of the presen
)3 of part IX. (Finan
___ ________ — ___ . nt treaty.
iSubseauent agreements will decide all Ques-
tions which are not decided by the present
treaty and which may arise in consequence of
the cession of the said territory.
Section IV.— Roumania.
Article 59.
Austria renounces, so far. as she. is con-
cerned in favor of Roumania all rights and
title over such portion of the former duchy of
Bukovina as lies within the frontiers of Rou-
mania. which may ultimately be fixed by the
principal allied and associated powers.
Article 60.
Roumania accepts and aerrees to embody in
a treaty with the principal allied and associ-
ated powers such provisions as may be deemed
necessary by these powers to protect the in
terests of inhabitants of that state who differ
from the majority of the population in race.
laneruaere or relierion
Roumania further accepts and aerrees to em-
body in a treaty with the principal allied and
associated powers such provisions as these
powers may deem necessary to protect freedom
of transit and eauitable treatment for the com-
merce of other nations.
Article 61.
The proportion and nature of the financial
obligations of the former Austrian empire
which Roumania will have to assume on ac-
count of the territory placed under her sov-
ereignty will be determined in accordance with
article 203 of part IX. (Financial Clauses) of
the present treaty.
Subseauent agreements will decide all Ques-
tions which are not decided b.v the present
treaty and which may arise in conseauence of
the cession of the said territory.
Section V.— Protection of Minorities.
Article 62.
Austria undertakes that the stipulations con-
tained in this section shall be recoernized as
fundamental laws, and that no law. regulation
or official action shall conflict or interfere with
these stipulations, nor shall any law. reenla-
tion or official action prevail over them.
Article 63.
Austria undertakes to assure full and com-
plete protection of life and liberty to all in-
habitants of Austria without distinction of
birth, nationality, lansruaore race or relieion.
All inhabitants of Austria shall be entitled
to the free exercise, whether public or pri-
vate, odf any creed, religion or belief, whose
practices are not inconsistent with public or-
der or public morals.
Articlk 6Jt.
Austria admits and declares to be Austrian
nationals ipso facto and without the require-
ment of any formality all persons possessing1
at the date of the coming1 into force of the
present treaty rights of citizenship (perti~
nenza) within Austrian territory who are not
nationals of any other state.
Article 65.
All persons born in Austrian territory who
are not born nationals of another state ehall
ipso facto become Austrian, nationals.
Article 66.
All Austrian nationals shall be equal before
the law and shall enjoy the same civil and
political rights without distinction as to race.
language or religion.
Differences of religion, creed or confession
shall not prejudice any Austrian national in
matters relating to the enjoyment of civil or
political rights, as for instance admission to
public employments, functions and honors or
the exercise of professions and industries.
No restriction shall be imposed on the free
use by any Austrian national of any language
in private intercourse, in commerce, in reli-
erion, in the press or in publications of any
kind, or at public meetings.
Notwithstanding any establishment by the
Austrian government of an official language.
adequate facilities shall be given to Austrian
nationals of non-German speech for the use
of their language, either orally or in writing,
before the courts.
Article 67
Austrian nationals who belong to racial, re-
ligious or linguistic minorities shall enjoy the
same treatment and security ia law and in
fact as the other Austrian nationals. In par-
ticular they shall have an equal right to es-
tablish, manage and control at their own ex-
pense charitable, religious and social institu-
tions, schools and other educational establish-
ments, with the right to use their own lan-
guage and to exercise their religion freely
therein.
Article 68.
Austria will provide in the public educational
system in towns and districts in which a con-
siderable proportion of Austrian nationals of
other than German speech are residents ade-
quate facilities for insuring that in the pri-
mary schools the instruction shall be given to
the children of such Austrian nationals
through the medium of their own language.
This provision shall not prevent the Austrian
government from making the teaching of the
German language obligatory in the said
schools.
In towns and districts where there is a con-
siderable proportion of Austrian nationals be-
longing to racial, religious or linguistic mi-
norities, these minorities shall be assured an
equitable share in the enjoyment and applica-
tion of the sums which may be provided out
of public funds under the state, municipal or
other budgets for educational, religious or
charitable purposes.
Article 69
Austria agrees that the stipulations in the
foregoing articles of this section, so far as
they affect persons belonging to racial, reli-
gious or linguistic minorities, constitute obliga-
tions of inteanational concern and shall be
placed under the guaranty of the league or
nations. They shall not be modified without
the assent of a majority of the council of the
league of nations. The allied and associated
powers represented on the council severally
agree not to withhold their assent from any
modification in these articles which is in due
form assented to by a majority of the council
of the league of nations.
Austria agrees that any member of the coun-
cil of the league of nations shall have the
632
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
rig-it to bring- to the attention of the council
any infraction, or any danger of infraction,
of any of these obligations, and that the coun-
cil may thereupon take such action, and give
euch direction as it may deem proper and
effective in the circumstances.
Austria further agrees that any difference of
opinion as to questions of law or fact arising-
out of these articles between the Austrian gov-
ernment and any one of the principal allied
and associated powers or any other power,
a member of the council of the leag-ue
of nations, shall be held to be a dispute of
an international character under article 14 of
the covenant of the league of nations. The
Austrian government hereby consents that any
such dispute shall, if the other party thereto
demands, be referred to the permanent court
of international justice. The decision of the
permanent court shall be final and shall have
the same force and effect as an award under
article 13 of the covenant.
Section VI.— Clauses Relating to Nationality.
Article 70.
Every person possessing1 rights of citizenship
(pertinenza) in territory which formed part
of the territories of the former Austro-Hun-
g-arian monarchy shall obtain ipso facto to the
exclusion of Austrian nationality the nation-
ality of the state exercising1 sovereignty over
such territory.
Article 71.
Notwithstanding' the provisions of article 70.
Italian nationality shall not. in the case of
territory transferred to Italy, be acquired ipso
facto *
1. By persona possessing- rights of citizen-
ship in such territory who were not born
2. By persons who acquired their rights of
citizenship in such territory after May 24.
1915, or who acquired them only by reason of
their official position.
Article 7£.
The persona referred to in article 71, as well
as those who (a) formerly possessed rights of
citizenship in the territories transferred to
Italy, or whose father, or mother if the fa-
ther is unknown, possessed rights of citizen
ship in such territories, or (b) have served in
the Italian army during- the present war, and
their descendants, may claim Italian national-
ity subject to the conditions prescribed in ar-
ticle 78 for the right of option.
Article 73.
The claim to Italian nationality by the per-
sons referred to in article 72 may in individual
cases be refused by the competent Italian
authority.
Article 74.
Where the claim to Italian nationality tinder
article 72 is not made, or is refused, the per-
sons concerned will obtain ipso facto the na-
tionality of the state exercising sovereignty
over the territory in which they possessed
rights of citizenship before acquiring such
rights in the territory transferred to Italy.
Article 75.
Juridical persons established in the terri-
tories transferred to Italy shall be considered
Italian if they are recognized as such either by
the Italian administrative authorities or by an
Italian judicial decision.
Article 76.
Notwithstanding the provisions of article 70.
persons who acquired rights of citizenship
after Jan. 1. 1910, in territory transferred un-
der the present treaty to the Serb-Croat-Slo-
vene state, or to the Czecho-Slovak state, will
not acquire Serb-Croat-Slovene or Czecho-
slovak nationality without a permit from the
Serb-Croat-Slovene state or the Czecho-Slovak
state respectively.
Article 77.
If the permit referred to in article 76 is not
applied for. or is refused, the persons con-
cerned will obtain ipso facto the nationality
of the state exercising sovereignty over the
territory in which they previously possessed
rights of citizenship.
Article 78.
Persons over 18 years of ag-e losing- their
Austrian nationality and obtaining ipso facto
a new nationality under article 70. shall
be entitled within a period of one year from
the coming into force of the present treaty
to opt for the nationality of the state in which
they possessed rights of citizenship before ac-
quiring such rights in the territory transferred.
Option by a husband will cover his wife and
option by parents will cover their children un-
der 18 years of age.
Persons who have exercised the above right
to opt must within the succeeding twelve
months transfer their place of residence to
the state for which they have opted.
They will be entitled to retain their im-
movable property in the territory of the other
state where they had their place of residence
before exercising their rights to opt.
They may carry with them their movable
property of every description. No export or
import duties may be imposed upon them in
connection with the removal of such property.
Article 79.
Persons entitled to vote in plebiscites pro-
vided for in the present treaty shall -within
a period of six months after the definitive at-
tribution of the area in which the plebiscite
has taken place be entitled to opt for the
nationality of the state to which the area is
The provisions of article 78 relating- to
the right of option shall apply equally to the
exercise of the right under this article.
Article 80.
Persons possessing- rights of citizenship in
territory forming part of the former Austro-
Hunganan monarchy, and differing in race and
language from the majority 9f the population
of such territory, shall within six months of
the coming into force of the present treaty
severally be entitled to opt for Austria, Italy.
Poland. Roumania. the Serb-Croat-Slovene
state, or the Czecho-Slovak state, if the ma-
jority of the population of the state selected
is of the same race and language as the per-
son exercising- the right to opt. The pro-
visions of article 78 as to the exercise of the
right of option shall apply to the right of
option given by this article.
Article 81.
The high contracting parties undertake to
put no hindrance in the way of the exercise
of the right which the persons concerned
have under the present treaty, or under treaties
concluded by the allied and associated powers
with Germany, Hungary or Russia, or between
any of the allied and associated powers them-
selves, to choose any other nationality which
may be open to them.
Article 82.
For the purposes of the provisions of this
section, the status of a married woman will
be governed by that of her husband, and the
status of children under 18 years of age by
that of their parents.
Section VII.— Political Clauses Relating to Cer-
tain European States.
1. Belgium.
Article 83.
Austria, recognizing- that the treaties of
April 19. 1839, which established the status of
Belgium before the war, no longer conform
to the requirements of the situation, consents
so lar a* sho is concerned to the abrogation
of the said treaties and undertakes immediate-
ly to recognize and to observe whatever con-
ventions may be entered into by the principal
allied and associated powers, or by any of
them, in concert with the governments of Bel-
gium and of the Netherlands, to replace the
said treaties of 1839. If her formal adhesion
should be required to such conventions or to
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
633
any of their stipulations. Austria undertakes
immediately to give it.
2. Luxemburg.
Article 84.
Austria agrees, so far as she is concerned1,
to the termination of the regime of neutrality
of the grand duchy of Luxemburg-, and accepts
in advance all international arrangements
which may be concluded by the allied and as-
sociated powers relating to the grand duchy.
S. Schleswig.
Article 85.
Austria hereby accepts so far as she is con-
cerned all arrangements made by the allied
and associated powers with Germany concern-
ing1 the territories whose abandonment was
imposed upon Denmark by the treaty of Oct.
30. 1864.
4. Turkey and Bulgaria.
Article 86.
Austria undertakes to recognize and accept
as far as she is concerned all arrangements
which the allied and associated powers may
make with Turkey and with Bulgaria with
reference to any rights, interests and privileges
whatever which might be claimed by Austria
or her nationals in Turkey or Bulgaria and
which are not dealt with in the provisions of
the present treaty.
5. Russia and Russian States.
Article 87.
1. Austria acknowledges and agrees to re-
spect as permanent and inalienable the inde-
pendence of all the territories which were part
of the former Russian empire on Aug. 1,
1914.
In accordance with the provisions of article
2)10 of pirt IX. (Financial Clauses) and arti-
cle 244 of part X. (Economic Clauses) of the
present treaty. Austria accepts definitely so far
as she is concerned the abrogation of the
Brest-Litovsk treaties and of all treaties, con-
ventions and agreements entered into by the
former Austro-Hungarian government with the
maximalist government in Russia.
The allied and associated powers formally
reserve the rights of Russia to obtain from
Austria restitution and reparation based on
the principles of the present treaty.
2. Austria undertakes to recognize the full
force of all treaties or agreements which may
be entered into by the allied and associated
powers with states now existing or coming
into existence in future in the whole or part
of the former empire of Russia as it existed
on Aug. 1. 1914. and to recognize the fron-
tiers of any such states as determined therein.
Section VIII.— General Provisions'
Article 88.
The independence of Austria is inalienable
otherwise than with tht? C9nseut of the coun-
cil of the league of nations. Consequently
Austria undertakes in the absence of the con-
sent of the said council to abstain from any
act which might directly or indirectly or by
any means whatever compromise her independ-
ence, particularly, and until her admission to
membership of the league of nations, by par-
ticipation in The affairs of another power.
Article 89.
Austria hereby recognizes and accepts the
frontiers of Bulgaria. Greece, Hungary. Poland.
Roumama, the Serb-Croat-Slovene state and
the Czecho-Slovak state as these frontiers may
be determined by the principal allied and as-
sociated powers.
Article 90.
Austria undertakes to recognize the full
force of the treaties of peace and additional
conventions which have been or may be con-
cluded by the allied and associated powers
v.-ith the powers v,ho fought on the side of
the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and
to recognize whatever dispositions have been
or may he made concerning the territories of
the former German empire, of Hungary, of
the kingdom of Bulgaria and of the Ottoman
empire, and to recognize the new states within
their frontiers as there laid down.
Article 91.
Austria renounces so far as she is concei
in favor of the principal allied and associs ____
powers all rights and title over the territories
which previously belonged to the former Aus-
tro-Hungarian monarchy and which, being situ-
ated outside the new frontiers of Austria as
described in article 27 of part II. (Frontiers of
Austria), have not at present been assigned
Austria undertakes to accept the settlement
made by the principal allied and associated
powers in regard to these territories, particu-
larly in sp far as concerns the nationality of
the inhabitants'.
Article 92.
No inhabitant of the territories of the fpr-
mer Austro-Hungarian monarchy shall be dis-
turbed or molested on account either of his
political attitude between July 28. 1914. and
the definitive settlement of the sovereignty
over these territories, or of the determination
ol his nationality effected by the present
Article 98.
Austria will hand over without delay to
the allied and associated governments con-
cerned archives, registers, plans, title deed*
and documents of every kind belonging- to
the civil, military, financial, judicial or other
forms of administration in the ceded terri-
tories. If any one of these documents, ar-
chives, registers, title deeds or plans is missing.,
it shall be restored by Austria upon the de-
mand of the allied or associated government
concerned.
In case the archives, registers, plans. title>
deeds or documents referred to in the preced-
ing paragraph, exclusive of those of a mili-
tary character, concern equally the administra-
tions in Austria, and cannot therefore b*
handed over without inconvenience to such
administrations. Austria undertakes, subject
to reciprocity, to give access thereto to the al-
lied and associated governments concerned.
Article 9-4.
Separate conventions between Austria and
each of the states to which territory of the
former Austrian empire is transferred, and
each of the states arising from the dismember-
ment of the former Austro-Hungarian mon-
archy. will provide for the interests of the
inhabitants, especially in connection with their
civil rights, their commerce and the exercise-
of their professions.
PART IV.
AUSTRIAN INTERESTS OUTSIDE EUROPH.
Article 95.
In territory outside her frontiers as fixed.
by the present treaty Austria renounces ao
far as she is concerned all rights, titles and
privileges whatever in or over territory out-
side Europe, which belonged to the former
Austro-Hungarian monarchy, or to its allies,
and all rights, titles and privileges whatever
their origin which it held as against the al-
lied and associated powers.
Austria undertakes immediately to recognize
and to conform to the measures which may
be t^ken now or in the future by the principal
allied and associated powers, in agreement
where necessary with third powers, in order
to carry the above stipulation into effect.
Section I.— Morocco.
Article 96.
Austria renounces so far as she is concerned
all rights, titles and privileges conferred on
her by the general act of Algeciras of April
7, 1906, and by the Franco-German agree-
ments of Feb. 9. 1909. and Nov. 4. 1911. All
treaties, agreemen
tracts concluded
g-arian monarchy with the Shenfian empire
fro regarded as abrogated as from Auff. 12,
1914.
In no case can Austria avail herself of thefl*
acts and she undertakes not to intervene in
nts, arrangements and con-
by the former Austro-Hun-
with the Shenfian empire
634
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
any way in negotiations relating- to Morocco
which may take place between France and the
other powers.
Austria hereby accepts all the consequences
of the establishment of the French protecto-
rate in Morocco, which had been recognized
by the government of the former Austro-Hun-
garian monarchy, and she renounces, so far as
Ihe is concerned, the regime of the capitula-
tions in Morocco.
This renunciation shall take effect as from
Aus-. 12. 1914. .
The Sherifian g-overnment shall have com-
•Dlete liberty of action in regulating- the status
of Austrian nationals in Morocco and the con-
ditions in which they can establish themselves
^Austrian protected Persons, semsars and "as-
socies asricoles" shall be considered to have
ceased, as from Ausr. 12. 1914 to erupy the
privileg-es attached to their status and shall
be subject to the ordinary law.
Article 99.
All movable and immovable property in the
Sherifian empire belonging- to the former Aus-
tro-Hungarian monarchy passes .ipso facto to
the Maghzen without compensation.
For this purpose the property and posses-
sions of the former Austro-Hungarian mon-
archy shall be deemed to include all the Prop-
erty of the crown, and the private .property of
members of the former royal iamiily of Aus-
movable and immovable property in the
Sherifian empire belonging- to Austrian na-
tionals shall be dealt with in accordance with
sections III. and IV. of part X. (Economic
Clauses) of the present treaty.
Mining- rights which may be recognized as
belonging- to the Austrian nationals by the
court of arbitration set up under the. Moroc-
can mining1 regulation
eame way as prooert
to Austrian nationals.
jjp unc
can'mininer^reBTulations shall be treated in the
Morocco belonging1
ion over Austrian nationals and property by
/he British consular tribunals.
Article 105.
The Egyptian g-overnment shall have com-
•lete liberty of action in reg-ulating- the status
of Austrian nationals and the conditions un-
der which they may establish themselves in
Article 100.
The Austrian government shall insure the
transfer to the person nominated by the French
gwernment of the shares representing Aus-
tria's portion of the capital of the State Bank
of Morocco. This person will repay to tne
persons entitled thereto the value of these
shares, which shall be indicated by the state
This transfer will take Place without preiu
<3ice to the repayment of debts which Aus^
trian nationals may have contracted toward
the State Bank of Morocco.
Article 101.
Moroccan goods entering Austria shall enjoy
the treatment accorded to French
Section II.— Egypt.
Article 102.
Austria declares that she recognizes the pro
tectorate proclaimed over Egypt by Great Brit
ain on Dec 18. 1914. and that she renounces
so far as she is concerned the regime of the
capitulations in Egvot.
This renunciation shall take effect as from
Aufir. 12. 1914.
Article 10 S.
All treaties, agreements, arrangements and
contracts concluded by the government .of the
former Austro-Hung-arian monarchy with
Egypt are regarded as abrogated as from Aug.
12 1Q14
In no case can Austria avail herself of these
instruments, and she undertakes not to inter-
vene in any way in negotiations relating to
Egypt which may take place between Great
Britain and the other t>owers.
Article 10k.
Until an Eeryptian law of Judicial oraraniza-
tion establishing courts with universal juris-
diction comes into force, provision shall be
made, by means of decrees issued by his high-
ness the sultan for the exercise of jurisdic-
Article 106.
Austria consents so far as eh'e is concerned
.o the abrogation of the decree issued by his
iwrhness the khedive on Nov. 28. 1904. relat-
ng1 to the commission of the Eg-ypti'an .Public
debt, or to such changes as the Egyptian «rov-
ernment may think it desirable to make
Article 101.
Austria consents, in so far as she is con*
cerned. to the transfer to his Britannic maj-
esty's government of the powers conferred on
his imperial majesty the sultan by the con-
vention signed at Constantinoole on Oct. 29.
1888. relating- to the free navigation of the
' "•? canal.
She renounces all participation in the sani-
tary, maritime and Quarantine board of Egypt
and consents, in so far as she is concerned,
to tho transfer to the Egyptian authorities of
the powers of that board.
Article 108.
All property and possessions in Egypt of tho
former Austro-Hungarian monarchy pass to the
Egyptian government without payment.
For this purpose, the property and posses-
sions of the former Austro-Hungariin mon-
archy shall be deemed to include all the prop-
erty of the crown, and the private property
of members of the former royal family of
Austria-Hungary.
All movable and immovable property In
Egypt belonging to Austrian nationals shall be
dealt with in accordance with sections III. and
IV. of part X. (Economic Clauses) ol the
present treaty.
Article 109.
Egyptian goods entering Austria ehall enjoy
the treatment accorded tQ British goods.
Section III.— Siam.
Article 110.
Austria recognizes, so far as she is con-
cerned, that all treaties, conventions and agree-
ments between the former Austro-Hungarian
monarchy and Siam, and all rights, title and
privileges derived therefrom, including all
rights of extraterritorial jurisdiction, termi-
nated as from July 22. 1917.
Article 111.
Austria, so far as she is concerned, cedes
to Siam all her rights over the goods and
property in Siam which belonged to the for-
mer Austro-Hungarian monarchy, with the
exception of premises used as diplomatic or .
consular residences or offices as well as the ef-
fects and furniture which they contain. These .
goods and property pass ipso facto and with-;
out compensation to the Siamese government. --
The goods, property and private rghts of?
Austrian nationals in Siam shall be dealt with.'
in accordance with the provisions of part X. t
(Economic Clauses) of the present treaty. i
Article lit.
Austria waives all claims against thet
Siamese government on behalf of herself or*
her nationals arising out of the liauidation of*
Austrian property or the internment of Aus-l
trian nationals in Siam. This provision shall"
rot affect the rights of the parties interested*
in the proceeds of any such liquidation, whicnj
shall be governed by the provisions of part;
X. (Economic Clauses) of the present treaty.*
Section IV.— China.
Article 113.
Austria renounces, so far as she is concerned,
in favor of China -all benefits and privileges
resulting from the provisions of the final pro-
tocol signed at Peking- on .Sept. 7. 1901, and
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
635
from all annexes, notes and documents supple-
mentary thereto. She likewise renounces in
f&vpr of China any claim to indemnities ac-
cruing thereunder subsequent to Aug. 14, 1917.
Article 11^.
[From the coming1 into force of the present
treaty the high, contracting parties shall ap-
ply, in so far as concerns them respectively:
(1) The arrangement of Aug. 29, 1902. re-
garding the new Chinese customs tariff;
(2) The arrangement of Sept. 27. 1905. re-
garding Whang-Poo, and the provisional sup-
plementary arrangement of April 4. 1912.
China, however, will not be bound to grant
to Austria the advantages or privileges which
ehe allowed to the former Austro-Hungferiau
monarchy under these arrangements.
Article 115.
Austria, so far as she is concerned, cedes
to China all her rights over the buildings,
•wharves and pontoons, barracks, forts, arms
and munitions of war. vessels of all kinds,
•wireless telegraphy installations and other
public property which belonged to the former
Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and which are
situated or may be in the Austro-Hungarian
concession at Tientsin or elsewhere in Chinese
territory.
It is understood, however, that premises used
as diplomatic or consular residences or offices.
as well as the effects and furniture contained
therein, are not included in the above cession,
and. furthermore, that no steps shall be taken
by the Chinese government to dispose of the
public and private property belonging to the
former Austro-Hungarian monarchy situated
within the so-called legation quarter at Pe-
king without the consent of the diplomatic
representatives of the powers which, on' the
coming into force of the present treaty. ' re-
main parties to the final protocol of Sept. 7.
1901.
Article 116.
Austria agrees so far as she is concerned to
the abrogation of the leases from the Chinese
government under which the Austro-Hungarian
concession at Tientsin is now held.
China, restored to the full exercise of her
sovereign rights in the above area, declares
her intention of opening it to international
residence and trade. She further declares that
the abrogation of the leases under which the
said concession is now held shall not affect
the property rights of nationals of allied and
associated powers who are holders of lots in
this concession.
Article 117.
Austria waives all claims against the Chinese
government or against any allied or associated
government arising out of the internment of
Austrian nationals in China and their repatri-
ation. She equally renounces, so far as she is
concerned, all claims arising out of the cap-
ture and condemnation of Austro-Hungarian
ships in China, or the liquidation, sequestra-
tion or control of Austrian properties, rights
and interests in that country since Aug. 14.
1917. This provision, however, shall not af-
fect the rights of the parties interested in the
proceeds of any such liquidation, which shall
be governed by the provisions of part X. (Eco-
nomic Clauses) of the present treaty.
PART V.
MILITARY. NAVAL AND AIR CLAUSES.
In order to render possible the initiation of
a general limitation of the armaments of all
nations. Austria undertakes strictly to observe
the military, naval and air clauses which fol-
low.
Section I.
Military Clauses.
Chapter I. — General.
Article 118.
"Within three months of the coming into
lorce of the present treaty, the military forces
of Austria shall be demobilized to the extent
prescribed hereinafter.
Article 119.
Universal compulsory military service dhall
be abolished in Austria. The Austrian army
shall in future only be constituted and recruit-
ed by means of voluntary enlistment.
Chapter II.— Effectives and Cadres of the
Austrian Army.
Article 120.
The total number of military forces in the
Austrian army shall not exceed 30.000 raen.
including officers and deppt troops.
Subject to the following limitations, the
formations composing the Austrian army shal]
be fixed in accordance with the wishes of Aus-
(1) The effectives of units must be fixed
between the maximum and minimum figures
shown in table IV. annexed to this section.
(2) The proportion of officers, including the
personnel of staffs and special services, shall
not exceed one-twentieth of the total effectives
with the colors, and that of noncommissioned
officers shall not exceed one-fifteenth of the
total effectives with the colors.
(3) The number of machine guns, guns and
howitzers shall not exceed per thousand men
of the total effectives with the colors those
fixed in table V. annexed to this section.
The Austrian army shall be devoted exclu-
sively to the maintenance of order within the
territory of Austria, and to the control of her
frontiers.
Article 121.
The maximum strength of the staffs and pi
all formations which Austria may be permit-
ted to raise are given in the tables annexed
to this section; these figures need not be ex-
actly followed, but must not be exceeded.
All other organizations for the command ol
troops or for preparation for war are for-
bidden.
Article 122.
All measures of mobilization, or appertain-
ing to mobilization, are forbidden.
In no case must formations, administrative
services or staffs include supplementary
cadres.
The carrying out of any preparatory meas-
ures with a view to requisitioning animals 01
other means of military transport is forbid-
den.
Article 128. ,
The number of gendarmes, customs officers,
foresters, members of the local or municipal
police or other like officials may not exceed
the number of men employed in a similar ca-
pacity in 1913 within the boundaries of Aus-
tria as fixed by the present treaty.
The number of these officials shall not be in-
creased in the future except as may be neces-
sary to maintain the same proportion between
the number of officials and the total popula-
tion in the localities or municipalities -which
employ them.
These officials, as well as officials employed
in the railway service, must not be assem-
bled for the purpose of taking part in any
military exercises.
Article 12k.
Every formation of troops not included in
the tables annexed to this section is forbidden.
Such other formations as may exist in excess
of the 30.000 effectives authorized shall be
suppressed within the period laid down by
article 118.
Chapter HI.— Recruiting and Military Training.
Article 125.
All officers must be regulars (officierB de car-
riere) . Officers now serving who are retained
in the army must undertake the obligation to
service in it up to the age of 40 years at
least. Officers now serving who do not join
the new army will be released from all mili-
tary obligations: they must not take part in
any military exercises, whether theoretical or
practical.
636
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Officers newly appointed must undertake to
serve on the active list for twenty consecutive
years at least.
The number of officers discharged for any
reason before the expiration of their term of
service must not exceed in any year one-
twentieth of the total of officers provided for
in article 120. If this proportion is unavoid-
ably exceeded the resulting- shortage must not
be made good by fresh appointments.
Article 126.
The period of enlistment for noncommis-
sioned officers and privates must be for a total
period of not less than twelve consecutive
years, including at least six years with the col-
ors.
The proportion of men discharged before the
expiration of the period of their enlistment
for reasons of health or as a result of dis-
ciplinary measures or for any other reasons
must not in any year exceed one-twentieth of
the total strength fixed by article 120. If this
proportion is unavoidably exceeded, the result-
ing- shortage must not be made good by fresh
enlistments.
Chapter IV.— Schools, Educational Establish-
ments, Military Clubs and Societies.
Article 127.
The number of -tudents admitted to attend
the courses in military schools shall be strict-
ly in proportion to the vacancies to be filled in
the cadres of officers. The students and the
cadres shall be included in the effectives fixed
by article 120 of the present section.
Consequently all military schools not re-
quired for this purpose shall be abolished.
Article 128.
Educational establishments, other than those
referred to in article 127. as well as all sport-
ing1 and other clubs, must not occupy them-
selves with any military matters.
Chapter V.— Armament. Munitions and
Material; Fortifications.
Article 129.
On the expiration of three months from the
coming into force of the present treaty the
armament of the Austrian army shall not ex-
ceed the figures fixed per thousand men in
table V. annexed to this section. Any excess
in relation to effectives shall only be used for
such replacements as may eventually be neces-
sary.
Article ISO.
The stock of munitions at the disposal of
the Austrian army shall not exceed the
amounts fixed in table V. annexed to this sec-
tion.
Within three months from the coming1 into
force of the present treaty the Austrian gov-
ernment shall deposit any existing surplus of
armament and munitions in such places as
shall be notified to it by the principal allied
and associated powers.
No other stock, depot or reserve of muni-
tions shall be formed
Article 191.
The number and caliber of guns constituting
the fixed normal armament of fortified places
existing at the present moment in Austria
shall be immediately notified to the principal
allied and associated powers, and will consti-
tute maximum amounts whch must not be
exceeded.
Within three months of the coming into
force of the present treaty the mnximum
stock of ammunition for these guns shall be
reduced to and maintained at the following
uniform rates:
One thousand five hundred rounds per gun
for those the caliber of which is 105 mm.
and under;
Five hundred rounds per gun for those of
higher caliber.
Article 132.
Tha manufacture of arms, munitions and war
material shall only be carried on in one sin-
gle factory, which shall be controlled by and
belong to the state, and whose output shall
be strictly limited to the manufacture of such
arms, munitions and war material as is neces-
sary for the military forces and armaments
referred to in articles 120. 123. 129. 130 and
131.
The manufacture of sporting weapons is not
forbidden, provided that sporting weapons
manufactured in Austria taking ball cartridge
are not of the same caliber as that of military
weapons used in any European army.
Within three months from the coming into
force of the present treaty all other estab-
lishments for the manufacture, preparation,
storage or design of arms, munitions or any
other war material shall be closed down or
converted to purely commercial uses.
Within the same length of time, all arsenals
shall also be closed down, except those to be
used as depots for the authorized stocks of
munitions, and their staffs discharged.
The plant of any establishments or arsenals
in excess of the amount required for the man-
ufacture authorized shall be rendered useless
or converted to purely commercial purposes in
accordance with the decisions of the military
interallied commission of control referred to in
article 153.
Article 133.
Within three months from the coming into
force of the present treaty, all arms, muni-
tions and war material, including any kind of
antiaircraft material, of whatever origin, ex-
isting in Austria in excess of the Quantity
authorized shall be handed over to the princi-
pal allied and associated powers.
Delivery shall take place at such points in
Austrian territory as may be appointed by the
said powers, who shall also decide on tha
disposal of such material.
Article 13*.
The importation into Austria of arms, mu-
nitions and war material of all kinds is strict-
ly forbidden.
The manufacture for foreign countries and
the exportation of arms, munitions and war
material shall also be forbidden.
Article 135.
The use of flame throwers, asphyxiating,
poisonous or other gases, and all similar
liquids, materials or devices being prohibited,
their manufacture and importation are strictly
forbidden in Austria.
Material specially intended for the manufac-
ture, storage or use of the said products or
devices is equally forbidden.
The manufacture and importation into Aus-
tria of armored cars, tanks or any similar
machines suitable for use in war are equally
forbidden.
Table I.— Composition and Maximum Effec-
tives of an Infantry Division.
Maximum
effectives
of each unit.
Units. Officers. Men.
Headquarters of an infantry divi-
sion 25
Headquarters of divisional infantry 5
Headquarters of divisional artillery 4
3 regiments of infantry* (on the
basis of 65 officers and 2.000 men
per regiment) 195
1 squadron 6
1 battalion of trench artillery
(3 companies) 14
1 battalion of pioneers t (3 com-
panies) 14 500
Regiment field artillery % 80 1.200
1 battalion cyclists (comprising 3
companies) 18 450
1 signal detachment§ 11 330
Divisional medical corps 28 650
Divisional parks and trains 14 940
Total for an infantry division. .414 10,780
6.000
160
500
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
637
•Each regiment comprises 3 battalions of
Infantry. Each battalion comprises 3 com-
panies of infantry 'and 1 machine gun com-
pany.
tEach battalion comprises 1 headquarters,
2 pioneer companies. 1 bridging1 section. 1
searchlight section.
tEach regiment comprises 1 headquarters,
3 groups of field or mountain artillery, com-
prising 8 batteries: each battery comprising 4
grins or howitzers (field or mountain).
§This detachment comprises telephone de-
tachment, 1 listening section, 1 carrier pigeon
section.
Table //.— Composition and Maximum Effec-
tives for a Cavalry Division.
Maximum
Maximum effectives
number au- of each unit.
Units. thorized. Officers. Men.
Headquarters of a cavalry
division 1 15 50
Hegiment of cavalry* 6 30 72O
Group of field artillery
(three batteries) 1 30 430
Group of motor machine
guns and armored carst... «1 4 80
Miscellaneous services 30 600
Total for a cavalry divi-
sion 259 5.380
•Each regiment comprises four squadrons.
tEach group comprises nine fighting cars,
each carrying one gun. one machine gun and
cne spare machine gun. four communication
cars, two small lorries for stores, seven lorries,
including one repair lorry, four motor cars.
Note — The large cavalry units may include
a variable number of regiments and be di-
vided into independent brigades within the
limit of the effectives laid down above.
Table HI. — Composition and Maximum Effec-
tives for a Mixed Brigade
Maximum effectives
of each unit.
Units. Officers. Men.
?eadquarters of a brigade 10 50
wo regiments of infantry* 130 4,000
One cyclist battalion 18
One cavalry squadron 5
One group field artillery 20 400
One trench mortar company. . . 5 150
Miscellaneous services 10
Total for mixed brigade.... 198 5.350
•Each regiment comprises three battalions
of infantry. Each battalion comprises three
companies of infantry and one machine gun
company.
Table IV.— Minimum Effectives of Units What
ever Organization Is Adopted in the Army.
(Divisions, mixed brigades, etc.)
Maximum
effectives Minimum
(for reference) . effectives.
Units. Officers. Men. Officers. Men.
Infantry division 414 10,780 300 8.000
Cavalry division 259 """
Mixed brigade 198
Regiment of infantry. 65
Battalion of infantry. 16
Company of infantry
or machine guns....
Cyclist group 18
Regiment of cavalry. • 30
Squadron of cavalry.. >6
Regiment of field ar-
tillery 80
Battery of field artil-
lery 4
Company of trench
mortars 3
Battalion of pioneers. 14
Battery of mountain
artillery 6
Table V. — Maximum Authorized Armaments
and Munition Supplies. Amount
munitions
per arm
. Quantity (rifles,
for 1.000 guns. etc.!
(Material. men. rounds.
Rifles or carbines 1.500 500
chine guns, heavy or light 15 10,000
nch mortars, light 1 of 1,000
Trench mortars, medium f *\ 500
Guns or howitzers (field or
mountain) 3 1.000
(1) Automatic rifles or carbines are count-
ed as light machine guns.
Note — No, heavy gun, i. e., of a caliber
greater than 105 mm., is authorized, with the
exception of the normal armament of forti-
fied places.
Section II.— Naval Clauses.
Article 186.
From the date of the coming into force of
the present treaty all Austro-Hungarian war-
ships, submarines included, are declared to be
finally surrendered to the principal allied >antl
associated powers.
All the monitors, torpedo boats and armed
vessels of the Danube flotilla will be surren-
dered to the principal allied and associated
powers.
Austria will, however, have the right to
maintain on the Danube for the use of t
river police three patrol boats to be selec
by 4he commission referred to in article 1
of the present treaty.
Article 1ST.
The Austro-Hungarian auxiliary cruisers and
fleet auxiliaries enumerated below will be dis-
armed and treated as merchant ships:
5.380 180 3.'
i.-ge§ '$ 1-;
650 12 500
1.200
150
fog
320
2°
60 1.000
2 120
2 100
8 300
3 200
Bosnia,
Gablqnz.
Carolina.
Africa.
Tirol.
Argentina.
Lussin.
Teodo.
Pelikan.
Herkules.
Pola.
Najade
Pluto.
President Wilson
Baron Bruck.
Nixe.
§arante.
Imat.
rsia.
ince Hohenlohe.
Gastem.
Helouan.
Graf Wurmbrand.
Ehzabet.
Melcavich.
Baron Call.
Cyclop.
(ex- Vesta
Kaiser Franz Josef) . Nymphe.
Trieste. Buffet.
Article IS 8.
All warships, including submarines now un-
der construction in Austrian ports, or in ports
which previously belonged to the Austro-Hun-
garian monarchy, shall be broken up.
The work of breaking up these vessels will
be commenced as soon as possible after the
coming into force of the present treaty.
Article 139.
Articles, machinery and material arising
from the breaking up of Austro-Hungarian
warships of all kinds, whether surface vessels
or submarines, may not be used except for
purely industrial or commercial purposes.
They may not be sold or disposed of to for-
eign countries.
Article HO.
The construction or acquisition of any sub-
marine, even for commercial purposes, shall
be forbidden in Austria.
Article HI.
All arms, ammunition and other naval war
material, including mines and torpedoes, which
belonged to Austria-Hungary at the date of
the signature of the armistice of Nov. 3. 1918.
are declared to be finally surrendered to the
principal allied and associated powers.
Article 1^2.
Austria is held responsible for the delivery
(articles 136 and 141). the disarmament
(article 137). the demolition (article 138).
638
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
as well as the disposal (article 137) and the
use (article 139) of the objects mentioned
in the preceding- articles only so far as these
remain in her own territory.
Article US.
During the three months following1 the com-
ing: into force of the present treaty, the Aus-
high power wireless telegraphy statio
at Vienna shall not be used for the transmis
trian
sion of messages concerning naval, military or
political questions of interest to Austria, or
any state which has been allied to Austria-
Hungary in the war, without the assent ql
the principal allied and associated powers. This
station may be used for commercial purposes,
but only under the supervision of the said
powers, who will decide the wave length to
be used.
During the same period Austria shall not
build any more high power wireless telegraphy
stations in her own territory or that of Hun-
gary, Germany. Bulgaria or Turkey.
Section III.— Air Clauses.
Article 144. i
The armed forces of Austria must not in-
clude any military or naval air forces.
No dirigible shall be kept.
Article 145.
Within two months from the coming into
force of the present treaty, the personnel of
the air forces on the rolls of the Austrian
lautl and sea forces shall be demobilized.
Article 146.
Until the complete evacuation of Austrian
territory by the allied and associated troops
the aircraft -of the allied and associated pow-
ers shall enjoy in Austria freedom of passage
through the air. freedom of transit and of
landing.
Article 147.
During the six months following the coming
into force of the present treaty, the manufac-
ture, importation and exportation of aircraft.
parts of aircraft, engines for aircrait. and
parts of ermines for aircraft shall be forbidden
in all Austrian territory.
Article 148.
On the cominsr into force of the present
treaty, all military and naval aeronautical ma-
terial must be delivered by Austria and at her
expense to the principal allied and associated
Dowers.
Delivery must be effected at such places as
the governments of the said powers may se-
lect. and must be completed within three
In particular, this material will include all
items under the following heads which are or
have been in use or were desiened for warlike
purposes :
Complete airplanes and seaplanes, as well
as those being manufactured, repaired or as-
sembled.
Dirigibles able to take the air. beiner manu-
factured. repaired or assembled.
Plant for the manufacture of hydroeren.
Dirigible sheds and shelters of every kind
for aircraft.
Pending their delivery, dirigibles will, at the
expense of Austria, be maintained inflated
with hydroeren: the plant for the manufacture
of hydrogen, as well as the sheds for dirigi-
bles. may. at the discretion of the said powers,
be left to Austria until the time when the
dirigibles are handed over.
Enerines for aJrcraft.
Nacelles and fuselages.
Armament (eruns machine (runs, lisrht ma-
chine guns, bomb dropping apparatus, torpedo
apparatus, synchronization apparatus, aiming
apparatus) .
Munitions (cartridges, shells, bombs loaded
or unloaded, stocks of explosives or of mate-
rial for their manufacture) .
Instruments for use on aircraft.
Wireless apparatus and photographic or cine-
matoarraoh apparatus for use on aircraft.
Component parts of any of the items under
the preceding heads.
The material referred to above shall not be
removed without special permission from the
gaid erovermnents.
Section IV. — Interallied Commissions of
Control.
Article 149.
All the military, naval and air clauses con-
tained in the present treaty for the execution
of which a time limit is prescribed shall be
executed by Austria under the control of inter-
allied commissions specially appointed for this
purpose by the principal allied and associated
Dowers.
The above mentioned commissions will repre-
sent the governments of the principal allied
and associated powers in dealing: with the Aus-
trian government in all matters concerning- the
execution of the military, naval and air
clauses. They will communicate to the Aus-
trian authorities the decisions which the prin-
cipal allied and associated powers have re-
served the right to take or which the execu-
tion of the said clauses may necessitate.
Article 150.
The interallied commissions of control may
establish their organizations at Vienna and
shall be entitled, as often as they think de-
sirable, to proceed to any point whatever in
Austrian territory, or to send a subcommis-
sion. or to authorize one or more at their
members to go. to any such point.
Article 151.
The Austrian government must furnish to the
interallied commissions of control all such in-
formation and documents as the latter may
deem necessary to insure the execution of
their mission, and all means (both in person-
nel and in material) which "the above men-
tioned commissions may need to insure the
complete excution of the military, naval or air
cla-uses.
The Austrian government must attach a
qualified representative to each interallied
commission of control with the duty of receiv-
ing from the latter any communication which
it may have to address to the Austrian gov-
ernment, and furnishine it with, or procur-
ing, all information or documents demanded.
Article 152.
The upkeep and cost of the commissions of
control and the expense involved by their
work shall be borne by Austria.
Article 15 S.
It will be the special duty of the military
interallied commission of control to receive
from the Austrian government the notifications
relating to the location of the stocks and
depots of munitions, the armament of the
fortified works, fortresses and forts, and the
location of the works or factories for the pro-
duction of arms, munitions and war material
and their operations.
It will take delivery of the arms, munitions,
war material and plant intended for war con-
struction, will select the points where such
delivery is to be effected, and will supervise
the works of destruction, and rendering things
useless, or of transformation of material,
which are to be carried out in accordance with
the present treaty.
Article 154.
It will be the special duty of the naval
interallied commission of control to proceed
to the building yards and to supervise the
breaking up of the ships which are under con-
struction there, to take delivery of arms, mu-
nitions and naval war material, and to super-
vise the destruction and- breaking up provided
for.
The Austrian government must furnish to
the naval interallied commission of control all
such information and documents as the com-
mission may deem necessary to insure the com-
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
639
Dlete execution of the naval clauses in par-
tioular the designs of the warships, the com-
position of their armaments, the details and
or 'administrative documents or regulations.
Article 155.
it will bp the special duty of the aeronau-
ticJl mteraflied commission of control. to make
In invpntorv of the aeronautical matenal which
fs actual^ in the6 possession of the Austrian
LnvpVnment to inspect airplane, balloon and
SStor Manufactories, and factories producing
SSS, munitions and explosives Capable of be-
ing used by aircraft, to visit all aerodromes.
££ PI* « landing grounds, parks and depots
which are now in Austrian territory and to
iuthoriie where necessary a removal of . ma-
terial and to take delivery of such material.
The Austrian government must furnish to
the aeronautical interallied commission of con-
trol all such information and legislative, ad-
ministrative or other documents which the
commission may consider necessary to insure
the complete execution of the air clauses and,
in particular, a list of the personnel belong-
ing to all the air services of Austria and of the
existing material, as well as of that '? process
of manufacture or on order, and a list of all
establishments working for aviation, of their
positions, and of all sheds and landing grounds
Section F.— General Articles.
Article 156.
After the expiration .of a period of three
months from the coming into force of tl
Sre"ent treaty, the Austrian laws must have
been modified* and shall be maintained by the
Austrian government in conformity with thi
part of the present treaty.' . . _0*i__
Within the same period all the administrative
or other measures relating to the execution o
this part must have been taken by the Aus
trian government .^.^ ^
^e following P0artionss0| ^he f$>*^g
ART
VL-PRiSONER
OF WAR AND
AVES.
Section I. — Prisoners of War.
Article 160.
The repatriation of Austrian prisoners of war
nd interned civilians shall take place as soon
s possible after the coming into force of the
resent treaty, and shall be carried out with
he greatest rapidity.
Article 161.
The repatriation of Austrian prisoners of
rar and interned civilians shall, in accordance
»rith article 160. be carried out by a com-
mission composed of representatives of the al-
ied and associated powers on the one part
ind of the Austrian government on the other
art.
For each of the allied and associated powers
i subcommission composed exclusively of rep-
resentatives of the interested power and of
[elega.tes of the Austrian government shall
regulate the details of carrying into effect the
repatriation of prisoners of war.
Article 162.
From the time of their delivery into the
lands of the Austrian authorities the prisoners
)f war and interned civilians are to be re-
urned without delay to their homes by the
;aid authorities.
Those among them who, before the war,
* are habitually resident in territory occupied
•>y the troops of the allied and associated pow-
ers are likewise to be sent to their homes,
subject to the consent and control of the mili-
tary authorities of the allied and associated
armies of occupation.
Article 16 S.
whole cost of repatriation from the
The
Article 158.
Austria undertakes, from the coming int
force of the present treaty, not to accredi
nor to send to any foreign country any mill
tary naval or air mission, nor to allow an"
such mission to leave her territory; Austn
further agrees to take the necessary measure
to prevent Austrian nationals from leavin
her territory to enlist in the army, navy c
air service of any foreign power, or to be at
tached to such army, navy or air service lo
the purpose of assisting in the military nava
or air training: thereof, or generally for th
purpose of giving military, naval or air In-
struction in any foreign country.
The allied and associated powers undertake,
so far as they are concerned, that from the
coming1 into force of the present treaty they
will not enroll in nor attach to their armies
or naval or air forces any Austrian national
lor the purpose of assisting in the military
training of such armies or naval or air forces,
or otherwise employ any such Austrian na-
tional as military, naval or aeronautic instruc-
Tho present provision does not. however,
affect the right of France to recruit for the
foreign legion in a<x?o,rdanoe with French mili-
tary laws and regulations.
Article 159.
So long: as the present treaty remains In
force Austria undertakes to submit to any in-
vestigation which the council of the league of
nations, acting if need be by a majority vote,
may consider necesstT
regulations,
d discipline.
moment of starting shall be borne by the Aus-
trian government, who shall also provide means
of transport and working personnel as consid-
.red necessary by the commission referred to
in article 161.
Article 164.
Prisoners, of war and interned civilians
awaiting disposal or undergoing sentence for
offenses against discipline shall be repatriated
irrespective of the completion of their sentence
or of the proceedings pending against them.
This stipulation shall not apply to prisoners
of war and interned civilians punished for of-
fenses committed subsequent to June 1. 1919.
During the period pending their repatriation
all prisoners of war and interned civilians shall
remain subject to the existing _
more especially as regards work and
Article 165.
Prisoners of war and interned civilians who
are awaiting trial or undergoing sentence for
offenses other than those against discipline
may be detained.
Article 166.
The Austrian government undertakes to ad-
mit to its territory without distinction all per-
sons liable to repatriation.
Prisoners of war or Austrian nationals who
do not desire to be repatriated may be ex-
cluded from repatriation: but the allied and
associated governments reserve to themselves
the right either to repatriate them or to take
them to a neutral country or to allow them
to reside in their own territories.
The Austrian government undertakes not to
institute any exceptional proceedings against
these "persons or their families, nor to take
any repressive or vexatious measures of any
kind whatsoever against them on this account.
Article 167.
The allied and associated governments re-
serve the right to make the repatriation of
Austrian prisoners of war or Austrian nationals
in their hands conditional upon the immediate
notification and release by the Austrian gov-
ernment of any prisoners of war and other
nationals of the allied and associated powers
who are still held in Austria against their will.
640
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Article 168. .
The Austrian government undertakes:
1. To give every facility to commissions to
inquire into the cases of those who cannot be
traced: to furnish such commissions with all
necessary means of transport: to allow them
access to camps, prisons, hospitals and all
other places, and to place at their disposal all
documents, whether public or private, which
would facilitate their inquiries.
2. To impose penalties upon any Austrian
officials or private persons who have concealed
the presence of any nationals of any of the
allied or associated powers, or who have neg-
lected to reveal the presence of any such after
it had come to their knowledge.
Article 169.
The Austrian government undertakes to re-
etore without delay from the date of the com-
ing- into force of the present treaty all arti-
cles, money, securities and documents which
have belonged to nationals of the allied and
associated powers and which .have been re-
tained by the Austrian authorities.
Article 1^0.
The high contracting- parties waive recipro-
cally all repayment of sums due for the main-
tenance of prisoners of war in their respective
territories. IL-Graves.
Article 171.
The allied and associated governments and
the Austrian government will cause to be re-
epected and maintained the graves of the sol-
diers and sailors buried in their respective ter-
ritories.
They agree to recognize any commission ap-
pointed by the several governments for the
purpose of identifying, registering, caring- fpr
or erecting- suitable memorials over the said
graves, and to facilitate the disch
graves, and
duties..
large of its
_ urthermore they agree to afford, so far as
the provisions of their laws and the require-
ments of public health allow, every facility
for giving effect to requests that the bodies
of their soldiers and sailors may be transferred
to their own country
Article 172.
The graves of prisoners of war and interned
civilians who are nationals of the different
belligerent states and have died in captivity
shall be properly maintained in accordance
with article 171 of this part of the present
The 'allied and associated powers on the one
part and the Austrian government on the
other part reciprocally undertake also to fur-
nish to each other:
(1) A complete list of those who have died,
together with all information useful for iden-
tification :
(2) All information as to the number and
positions of the graves of all those who have
teen buried without identification.
Part VII.— Penalties.
Article 178.
The Austrian government recognizes the
right of the allied and associated powers to
bring before military tribunals persons ac-
cused of having committed acts in violation
of the laws and customs of war. Such persons
shall, if found guilty, be sentenced to punish-
ments laid down by law. This provision will
apply notwithstanding any proceedings or prose-
cutions before a tribunal in Austria or in the
territory of her allies.
The Austrian government shall hand over to
the allied and associated powers, or to such
one of them as shall so request, all persons
accused of having committed an act in viola-
tion of the laws and customs of war, who are
specified either by name or by the rank, office
or employment which they held under the Aus-
trian authorities.
Article 174.
Persons guilty of criminal acts ag-ainst the
nationals of one of the allied and associated
powers will be brought before the military
tribunals of that power.
Persons guilty of criminal acts against the
nationals of more than one of the allied and
fssociated powers will be brought before mili-
ary tribunals composed of members of tho
military tribunals of the powers concerned.
In every case the accused will be entitled to
name his own counsel.
Article 175.
The Austrian government undertakes to lur-
nish all documents and information of every
kind, the production of which may be con-
sidered necessary to insure the full knowledge
of the incriminating acts, the discovery of of-
fenders and the just appreciation of responsi-
bility.
Article 176.
The provisions of articles 173 to 175 apply
similarly to the governments of the states to
which territory belonging to the former Aus-
tro-Hungarian monarchy has been assigned, in
so far as concerns persons accused of having
committed acts contrary to the laws and cus-
toms of war who are in the territory or at
the disposal of the said states.
If the persons in question have acquired the
nationality of one of the said states the gov-
ernment of such state undertakes to take, at
the request of the power concerned and in
agreement with it. all the measures necessary
to insure the prosecution and punishment ot
such persons.
The allied and associated governments affirm
and Austria accepts the responsibility of Aus-
tria and her allies for causing the. loss and
damage to which the allied and associated gov-
ernments and -heir nationals have been sub-
jected as a consequence of the war imposed
upon them by the aggression of Austria-
Hungary and her allies.
Article 178.
The .allied and associated governments recog1-
nize that the resources of Austria are not
adequate, after taking into account the per-
manent diminutions of such resources which
will -esult from other provisions of the pres-
ent treaty, to nake complete reparation for
such loss and damage.
The allied and associated governments, how-
ever, require, and Austria undertakes, that she
will make compensation as hereinafter deter-
mined for damage done to the civilian popu-
lation of the allied and associated powers and
to their property during the period of the bel-
ligerency of each as an allied and associated
power against Austria by the said aggression
by land, by sea and from the air. and in gen-
eral damages defined in annex I. hereto.
Article 179.
The amount of such damage for which com-
pensation is to be made by Austria shall be
determined by an interallied commission to be
called the reparation commission and consti-
tuted in the form and with the powers set
forth hereunder and in annexes Nps. II.- V. in-
clusive hereto. The commission is the same
as that provided for under article 233 of the
treaty with Germany, subject to any modifici-
tions resulting from the present treaty. The
commission shall constitute a section to con-
sider the special questions raised by the ap-
plication of the present treaty: this section
shall have consultative power only, except in
cases in which the commission shall delegate
to it such powers as may be deemed convea-
The reparation commission shall consider
the claims and give to the Austrian govern-
ment a Just opportunity to be heard.
The commission shall concurrently draw up
a schedule of payments prescribing the time
and manner for securing and discharging by
Austria, within thirty years dating from May
1. 1921. that part of the debt which shall
have been assigned to her after the commis-
sion has decided whether Germany is in a po-
sition to pay the balance of the total amount
of claims presented against Germany and her
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
641
allies and approved by the commission. If.
nowever. within the period mentioned Austria
fails to discharge her obligations any balance
remaining- unpaid may within the discretion of
the commission, be postponed lor settlement
in subseauent years or may be handled other-
wise in such manner as the -allied and associ-
ated governments acting1 in accordance with
the procedure laid down in this part of the
present treaty shall determine.
Article 180.
The reparation commission shall, after May
1. 1921. from time to time consider the re-
sources and capacity of Austria, and. after
giving her representatives a just opportunity
to be heard, shall have discretion to extend the
date and to modify the form of payments such
as are to be provided for in accordance with
article 179, but not to cancel any part except
with the specific authority of the several gov-
ernments represented on the commission.
Article 181.
Austria shall pay in the course of the years
1919, 1920 and the first four months of 1921.
in auch installments and in such manner
(whether in gold, commodities, ships, secur-
ities or otherwise) as the reparation commis-
sion may lay down, a reasonable sum which
shall be determined by the commission.
Out of this sum the expenses of the armies
of occupation subsequent to the armistice of
Nov. 3. 1918. shall first be met, and such
supplies of food and raw materials as may be
judged by the government 3 of the principal
allied and associated powers essential to en-
able Austria to meet her obligations for rep-
aration may also, with the approval of the
said governments, be paid for out of the above
sum. The balance shall be reckoned toward
the liquidation of the amount due for repara-
tion.
Annex I.
Compensation may be claimed from Austria
in accordance with article 178 above in re-
spect of the total damage under the following1
categories:
1. Damage to injured persons and to sur-
viving- dependents by personal injury to or
death of civilians caused by acts of war. in-
cluding bombardment or other attacks on land,
on sea or from the air, and of the direct con-
sequences thereof and of all operations of
•war by the two groups or belligerents wher-
ever arising;
2. Damage caused by Austria or her allies
to civilian victims of acts of cruelty, violence
or maltreatment (including injuries to life or
health as a consequence of imprisonment, de-
portation, internment or evacuation, or expo-
sure at sea. or of being forced to labor) wher-
ever arising, and to the surviving dependents
of such victims;
3. Damage caused by Austria or her allies
in their own territory or in occupied or in-
vaded territory to civilian victims of all acts
injurious to health or capacity to work or to
honor, as well as to the surviving dependents
of such victims ;
4. Damage caused by any kind of maltreat-
ment of prisoners of war.
5. As damage caused to the peoples of the
allied and associated powers, all pensions or
compensations in the way of pensions to naval
and military victims of war, including mem-
bers of the air force, whether mutilated,
wounded, sick or invalided, and to the depend-
ents of such victims, the amount due to the
allied and associated governments being calcu-
lated for each individual as being the capi-
talized cost of such pensions and compensa-
tions at the date of the coming into force of
the present treaty on the basis of the scales
in force in France on May 1, 1919.
6. The cost of assistance by the governments
of the allied and associated powers to prison-
ers of war. to their families and dependents.
7. Allowances by the governments of the
allied and associated powers to the families
and dependents of mobilized persons or per-
sons serving1 with the forces, the amount due
to them for each calendar year in which hos-
tilities occurred being calculated lor each
government on the basis of the average eca-le
for such payments in force in France during
that year.
8. Damage caused to civilians by being
forced by Austria or her allies to labor with-
out just remuneration.
9. Damage in respect of all property, wher-
ever situated belonging to any of the al-
lied or associated states or their nationals, with
the exception of naval or military works or
materials, which has been carried off, seized,
injured or destroyed by the acts of Austria or
her allies on land on sea, or from the air.
or damage directly in consequence of hostilities
or of any operations of war.
10. Damage in the form of levies, fines and
other similar exactions imposed by Austria or
her allies upon the civilian population.
Annex II.
1. The commission referred to in article 179
shall be called the "reparation commission"
and is hereafter referred to as the "commia-
sion."
2. The delegates to this commission shall be
appointed by the United States of America.
Great Britain. France. Italy. Japan. Belgium,
Greece, Poland. Roumama. the Serb-Croat-
tlovene state and Czecho-Slovakia. The United
tates of America. Great Britain. France,
Italy. Japan and Belgium shall each appoint a
delegate. The other five powers shall appoint
a delegate to represent them all under the
conditions indicated in the third sub-para-
graph of paragraph 3 hereafter. At the ti
when each delegate is appointed there sL
also be appointed an assistant delegate, who
will take his place in case of illness or nec-
essary absence, but at other times will only
have the right to be present at the proceed-
ings without taking any part therein.
On no occasion shall delegates of more than
five of the above powers have the right to
take part in the proceedings of the commis-
sion and to record their votes. The delegates
of the United States. Great Britain. France and
Italy shall have this right on all occasions
other than those referred to below. The dele-
gate of Belgium shall have this right on all oc-
casions other than those referred to below. The
delegate of Japan will have this right when
questions relating to damage at sea are un-
der consideration. The delegate representing
the five remaining powers mentioned above
shall have this right when questions relating
to Austria, and Hungary or Bulgaria are under
consideration.
Each of the governments represented on the
commissipn shall have the right to withdraw
after giving twelve months' notice to the com.
mission and confirming it six months after the
date of the original notification.
3. Such of the allied and associated powers
as may be interested shall have the right to
name a delegate to be present and act as as-
sessor only while their respective claims and
interests are under examination or discussion,
but without the right to vote.
The section to be established by the commis-
sion under article 179 of the present part shall
include representatives of the following pow-
ers: The United States of America. Great
Britain. France, Italy. Greece. Poland. Rou-
mama, the Serb-Croat-Slovene state and Czecho-
slovakia. This composition of the section
shall in no way prejudge the admissibility of
any claims. In voting the representatives of
the United States of America. Great Britain,
France and Italy shall each have two votes.
The representatives of the five remaining-
powers mentioned above shall appoint a del-
egate to represent them all. who shall sit
upon the reparation commission in the cir-
cumstances described in paragraph 2 of the
present annex. This delegate, who shall be
apppmted for one year, shall be chosen suc-
cessively from the nationals of each of tho
said five powers.
4. In the case of death, resignation or re-
642
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
call of any delegate, assistant delegate or
assessor, a successor to him shall be nominated
as soon as possible.
5. The commission shall have its principal
permanent bureau in Paris, and shall hold its
first meeting1 in Paris as soon as practicable
after the coming into force of the present
treaty, and thereafter will meet in such place
or places and at such time as may be deemed
convenient and as may be necessary for the
most expeditious discharge of its duties.
6. At its first meeting the commission shall
elect from among the delegates referred to
above a chairman and a vice-chairman, who
shall hold office for a year and shall be eli-
gible for re-election. If a vacancy in the
chairmanship or vice-chairmanship should
occur during the annual period, the commis-
sion shall proceed to a new election for the
remainder of the said period.
7. The commission is authorized to appoint
all necessary officers, agents and employes who
may be reqiured for the execution of its
functions, and to fix their remuneration: to
constitute sections or committees whose mem-
bers need not necessarily be members of the
commission, and to take all executive steps
necessary for the purpose of discharging its
duties: and to delegate authority and discre-
tion to officers. agents. sections and
committees.
8. All the proceedings of the commission
shall be private unless on particular occasions
the commission shall otherwise determine for
special reasons.
9. The commission shall be required, if the
Austrian government so desire, to hear with-
in a period which it will fix from time to time
evidence and arguments on the part of Aus-
tria on any questions connected with her
capacity to pay.
10. The commission shall consider the
claims and give to the Austrian government
a just opportunity to be heard, but not to
take any part whatever in the decisions of
the commission. The commission shall afford
a similar opportunity to the allies of Austria
when it shall consider that their interests are
in question.
11. The commission shall not be bound by
any particular code or rules of law or by
any particular rule of evidence or of pro-
cedure, but shall be guided by justice, equity
and good faith. Its decisions must follow the
same principles and rules in all cases where
they are applicable. It will establish rules
relating- to methods of proof of claims. It
may act on any trustworthy modes of com-
putation.
12. The commission shall have all the
powers conferred upon it and shall exercise
all the functions assigned to it by the present
treaty.
The commission shall, in general, have wide
latitude as to its control and handling of the
whole reparation problem as dealt with in
this part, and shall have authority to inter-
pret its provisions. Subject to the provisions
of the present treaty, the commission is con-
stituted by the several allied and associated
governments referred to in paragraphs 2 and
3 above as the exclusive agency of the said
governments respectively for receiving, selling,
holding and distributing the reparation pay-
ments to be made by Austria. The commis-
sion must comply with the following
conditions and provisions :
' (a) Whatever part of the full amount of
the proved claims is not paid in gold or
in ships, securities, commodities or otherwise,
Austria shall be required, under such condi-
tions as the commission may determine, to
cover by way of guaranty, by an equivalent
issue of bonds, obligations or otherwise, in
order to constitute an acknowledgment of the
said part of the debt.
(b) In periodically estimating Austria's
capacity to pay the commission shall examine
the Austrian system of taxation; first, to the
end that the sums for reparation which Aus-
tria is required to pay shall become a charge
upon all her revenues prior to that for the
service or discharge of any domestic loan,
and. second, so as to satisfy itself that in
general the Austrian scheme oi taxation is
fully as heavy proportionately as that of
any of the powers represented on the commis-
sion.
The reparation commission shall receive in-
structions to take account of:
(1) The actual economic and financial
sition of Austrian territory as delimite '
the present treaty: and
(2) The diminution of its resources and of
its capacity for payment resulting from the
clauses of the present treaty.
As long as the position of Austria is not
modified the commission shall take account
of these considerations in fixing the final
amount of the obligations to be imposed on
Austria, the payments by whioh these are
to be discharged, and any postponement of
payment .of interest which may be asked for
(c) The 'commission shall, as provided in
article 181. take from Austria, by way of
security for and acknowledgment of her
debt, gold bearer bonds free of all taxes or
charges of every description established or to
be established by the Austrian government
or by any authorities subject to them. These
bonds will be delivered at any time that may
be judged expedient by the commission, and
in three portions, of which the respective
amounts will be also fixed by the commis-
sion, the crowns gold being payable in con-
formity with article 213 of part X. (Financial
Clauses) of the present treaty:
(1) A first issue in bearer bonds, payable
not later than May 1. 1921, without interest.
There shall be -specially applied to the
amortization of these bonds the payments
which Austria is pledged to make in con-
formity with article 181 of this part, after
deduction of the sums used for the reim-
bursement of the expenses of the armies of
occupation and other payments for food-
stuffs and raw materials. Such bonds as may
not have been redeemed by May 1. 1921,
shall then be exchanged for new bonds of
the same type as those provided for below
(paragraph 12. (c). 2).
(2) A second issue in bearer bonds bear-
ing interest at 2% per cent, between 1921
and 1926. and thereafter at 5 per cent, with
an additional 1 per cent for amortization, be-
ginning in 1926 on the whole amount of the
(3) An undertaking in writing- to issue,
when, but not until, the commission is satis-
fied that Austria can meet the interest and
sinking fund obligations, a further install-
ment of bearer bonds, bearing interest at n
per cent, the time and mode of payment of
principal and interest to be determined by
the commission.
The dates for the payment of interest, the
manner of employing the amortization fund
and all other questions relating to the issue,
management and regulation of the bond is-
sue shall be determined by the commission
from time to time.
Further issues by way of acknowledgment
and security may be required as the com-
mission subsequently determines from time to
time.
In case the reparation commission should
proceed to fix definitely and no longer pro-
visionally the sum of the common charges
to be borne by Austria as a result of the
claims of the allied and associated powers,
the commission shall immediately annul all
bonds which have been issued in excess of
this sum.
(d) In the event of bonds, obligations or
other evidence of indebtedness issued by Aus-
tria by way of security for or acknowledg-
ment of her reparation debt being disposed
of outright, not by way of pledge, to per-
sons other than the several governments in
whose favor Austria's original reparation in-
debtedness was created, an amount of such
reparation indebtedness shall be deemed to
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
643
be extinguished corresponding to the nomi-
nal value of the bonds, etc.. so disposed of
outright, and the obligation of Austria an
respect of such bonds shall be confined to
her liabilities to the holders of the bonds, as
expressed upon their face.
(e) The damage for repairing-. recon-
structing and rebuilding property . situated in
the invaded and devastated districts, includ-
ing reinstallation of furniture machinery
and other equipment, will be calculated ac-
cording- to the cost at the date when the
W°(l) Decfsums of the commi.ssion relating- to
the total or partial cancellation of the capi-
tal or interest of any of the verified debt of
Austria must be accompanied by a statement
of its reasons. .,, .
13. As to voting: the commission will ob-
serve the following rules:
When a decision of the commission is taken
the votes of all the delegates entitled to
vote, or in the absence of any of them of
their assistant delegates, shall be recorded.
Abstention from voting is to be treated, as
a vote against the proposal under discussion.
Assessors shall have no vote.
On the following questions unanimity is
(a) Questions involving the sovereignty of
any of the allied and associated powers or
the cancellation of the whole or any part
of the debt or obligations of Austria:
(b) Questions of determining the amount
and conditions of bonds or other obligations
to be issued by the Austrian government and
of fixing the time and manner for selling,
negotiating or distributing such bonds:
(c) Any postponement, total or partial, be-
yond the end of 1930. of the payment of in-
stallments falling due between May 1. 1921.
and the end of 1926 inclusive.
(d) Any postponement, total or partial, of
any installments falling due after 1926 for a
period exceeding three years.
(e) Questions of applying in any particular
case a method of measuring damages different
from that which has been previously applied in
a similar case.
(f) Questions of the interpretation of the
provisions of this part of the present treaty.
All other questions shall be decided by the
vote of the majority.
In the case of any difference of opinion
among the delegates, which cannot be solved
by reference to their governments, upon the
question whether a given case is one which re-
quires a unanimous vote for its decision or
not. such difference shall be referred to the
immediate arbitration of some impartial per-
son to be agreed upon by their governments,
whose award the allied and associated govern-
ments agree to accept.
14. Decisions of the commission, in accord-
ance with the powers conferred upon it. shall
forthwith become binding and may be put
into immediate execution without further pro-
15. The commission shall issue to each of
the interested powers in such form as the
commission shall fix:
(1) A certificate stating that it holds for
the account of the said power bonds of the
issues mentioned above, the said certificate
on the demand of the power concerned bping
divisible into a number of parts not exceeding
five:
(2) From time to time certificates stating
the goods delivered by Austria on account of
her reparation debt which it holds for the
account of the said power.
Such certificates shall be registered and.
upon notice to the commission, may be trans-
ferred by indorsement.
..Whei
..jen bonds are issued for sale or negotia-
tion, and when goods are delivered by the
commission, certificates to an equivalent value
must be withdrawn.
16. Interest shall be debited to Austria as
from May 1. 1921. in respect of her debt as
determined by the commission after allowing
for sums already covered by cash payments
or their equivalent by bonds issued to the
commission or under article 189. The rate
of interest shall be 5 per cent unless the
commission shall determine at some future
time that circumstances justify a variation of
this rate.
The commission, in fixing- on May 1, 1921.
the total amount of the debt of Austria, may
take account pf interest due on sums arising
out of reparation and of material damage as
from Nov. 11. 1918. UP to May 1. 1921.
17. In case of default by Austria in the
performance of any obligation under this
part of the present treaty the commission
will forthwith give notice of such default to
each of the interested powers and may make
such recommendations as to the action to be
taken in consequence of such default as it
may think necessary.
18. The measures which the allied and as-
sociated powers shall have the right to take,
in the case of voluntary default by Austria,
and which Austria agrees not to regard as
acts of war. may include economic and finan-
cial prohibitions and reprisals and in general
such other measures as the respective gov-
ernments may determine to be necessary in
the circumstances.
19. Payments required to be made in gold
or its equivalent on account of the proved
claims of the allied and associated powers
may at any time be accepted by the com-
mission in the form of chattels, properties,
commodities, businesses, rights, concessions
within or without Austrian territory, ships,
bonds, shares or securities of any kind or
currencies of Austria or other states. the
value of such substitutes for gold being fixed
at a fair and just amount by the commis-
sion itself.
20. The commission in fixing- or accepting
payment in specified properties or rights shall
have due regard for any legal or equitable in-
terests of the allied and associated powers or
of their nationals therein.
21. No member of the commission shall be
responsible, except to the government appoint-
ing- him, for any action or omission as such
member. No one of the allied and associat-
ed governments assumes any responsibility in
lespect of any other government.
22 Subject to the provisions of the pres-
ent treaty this annex may be amended by the
unanimous decision of the governments rep-
resented from time to time upon the com-
mission.
23 When all the amounts due from Austria
and her allies under the present treaty or the
decisions of the commission have been dis-
charged, and all sums received. or their
equivalents, have been distributed to the
powers interested, the commission shall be
dissolved.
Annex III.
1. Austria recognizes the right of the allied
and associated powers to the replacement, ton
for ton (gross tonnage) and class for class, of
all merchant ships and fishing boats lost or
damaged owing to the war.
Nevertheless, and in spite of the fact that
the tonnage of Austrian shipping- at present
in existence is much less than that lost by
the -allied and associated powers in conse-
quence of the aggression of Austria and her
allies, the right thus recoernized will be en-
forced on the Austrian ships and boats under
the following conditions:
The Austrian government on behalf of them-
selves and so as to bind all other persons
interested cede to the allied and associated
governments the property in all merchant
ships and fishing boats belonging to nationals
of the former Austnan empire.
2. The Austrian government will within two
months of the coming into force of the pres-
ent treaty deliver to the reparation commis-
sion all the ships >and boats mentioned in
paragraph 1.
3. The shios and boats in
dude all ships and '
)oats in paragraph 1 in-
boata which (a) fly or
644
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
may be entitled to fly the Austro-Hunganan
merchant flag and are registered in a port of
the former Austrian empire, or (b) are owned
by any national, company or corporation of
the former Austrian empire or by any com-
pany or corporation belonging to a country
other than an allied or associated country
and under the control or direction of nationals
of the former Austrian empire: or (c) which
are now under construction (1). m the for-
mer Austrian empire: (2). in other than allied
or associated countries for the .account of any
national, company or corporation of the for-
mer Austrian empire.
4. For the purpose of providing1 documents
of title for the ships and boats to be handed
ever as above mentioned the Austrian gov-
ernment will:
(a) Deliver to the reparation commission in
respect of each vessel a bill of sale or other
document of title evidencing the transfer to
the commission of the entire property in the
vessel, free from all incumbrances. .charges
and liens of all kinds as the commission may
^TbPTake all measures that may be indicated
by the reparation commission for insuring that
the ships themselves shall be placed at its
disposal.
5. Axistria undertakes to restore in kind
and in normal condition of upkeep to the al-
lied and associated powers within two months
of the coming into force of the present treaty
in accordance with procedure to be laid down
by the reparation commission any boats and
other movable, appliances belonging to lnla™*
navigation which since July 28, 1914, have
by any means whatever come into her pos-
session or into the possession of her nationals
and which can be identified. ... . .
With a view to make good the loss in in
land navigation tonnage from whatever cause
arising which has been incurred during the
war by the allied and associated powers and
which cannot be made good by means of the
restitution prescribed above. Austria agrees to
cede to the reparation commission a portion
of the Austrian river fleet up to the amount
of the loss mentioned above, provided such
cession shall not exceed 20 per cent of the
river fleet as it existed on Nov. 3. 1918.
The conditions of this cession shall be set-
tled by the arbitrators referred to in article
300 of part XII. (Ports. Waterways and Rail-
ways) of the present treaty, who are charged
with the settlement of difficulties relating to
the apportionment of river tonnage resulting
from the new international regime applicable
to certain river systems or from the terri-
torial changes affecting those systems.
6. Austria agrees to take any measures that
may be indicated to her by the reparation
commission lor obtaining a full title to the
property in all ships which have, during the
war. been transferred or are in process of
transfer to neutral flags without the con-
sent of the allied and associated governments.
7. Austria waives all claims of any descrip-
tion against the allied and associated govern-
ments and their nationals in respect of the
detention, employment, loss or damage of any
Austrian ships or boats.
8. Austria renounces all claims to vessels
or cargoes sunk by or in consequence of na-
val action and subsequently salved in which
any of the allied or associated governments
or their nationals may have any interest
either as owners, charterers, insurers or oth-
erwise, notwithstanding any decree of condem-
nation which may have been made by a prize
court of the former Austro-Hungarian mon-
archy or of its allies.
Annex IV.
1- The allied and associated powers require
and Austria undertakes that in part satisfac-
S?P °Jnher obligations expressed in this part
"J^w11.1' as hereinafter provided, devote her
S£2Sf«c resources, directly to the physical
restoration of the invaded areas of the allied
nd associated powers to the extent that these
powers may determine.
2. The allied and associated governments
nay file with the reparation commission lists
showing :
(a) Animals, machinery, equipment, tools
and like articles of a commercial character
which have been seized, consumed or destroyed
Austria, or destroyed in direct consequence
of military operations, and which such gov-
ernments, for the purpose of meeting immedi-
ate and urgent needs, desire to have replaced
by animals and articles of the same nature
which are in being in Austrian territory at the
date of the coming into force of the present
treaty ;
(b) Reconstruction materials (stones, bricks
refractory bricks, tiles, wood, window glass.
steel, lime, cement, etc.). machinery, heating
apparatus, furniture and like articles of a
commercial character, which the said govern-
ments desire to have produced and manufac-
tured in Austria and delivered to them to per-
mit of the restoration of the invaded areas.
3. The lists relating to the articles mentioned
in 2 (a) above shall be filed within sixty days
after the date of the coming into force of the
present treaty.
The lists rel
hall be filed on or before Dec. 31. 191
The lists shall contain all such details as are
lists relating to the articles in 2 (b)
filed on or before Dec. 31. 1919.
customary in commercial contracts dealing with
the subject matter, including specifications.
dates of delivery (but not extending over more
than four years) and places of delivery, but
not prices or value, which shall be fixed as
hereinafter provided by the commission.
4. Immediately upon the filing of such lists
with the commission the commission shall
consider the amount and number of the ma-
terials and animals mentioned in the lists pro-
vided for above which are to be required of
Austria. In reaching a decision on this mat-
ter the commission shall take into account
such domestic requirements of Austria as it
deems essential for the maintenance of Aus-
trian social and economic life, the prices and
dates at which similar articles can be obtained
in the allied and associated countries as com-
pared with those to be fixed for Austrian
articles and the general interest of the allied
and associated governments that the industrial
life of Austria be not so disorganized as to
affect adversely the ability of Austria to per-
form the other acts of reparation stipulated
for.
Machinery equipment, tools and like articles
of a commercial character in actual industrial
use are not. however, to be demanded of Aus-
tria unless there is no free stock of such ar-
ticles respectively which is not in use and is
available, and then not in excess of 30 per
cent of the Quantity of such articles in use
in any one establishment or undertaking.
The commission shall give representatives of
the Austnan government an opportunity and a
time to be heard as to their capacity to fur-
nish the said materials, articles and animals.
The decision of the commission shall there-
upon and at the earliest possible moment be
communicated to the Austrian government and
to the several interested allied and associated
governments.
.The Austrian government undertakes to de-
liver the materials, articles and animals as
specified in the said communication, and the
interested allied and associated governments
severally agree to accept the same, provided
they conform to the specification given or are
not, in the judgment of the commission, unfit
to be utilized in the work of reparation.
5. The commission shall determine the value
to be attached to the materials, articles and
animals to be delivered in accordance with
the foreeroiner. and the allied or associated
power receiving the same agrees to be charged
with such value, and the amount thereof shall
>i« treated as a payment by Austria to be
divided in accordance with article 183 of this
part of the present treaty.
In cases where the right to require physical
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
645
restoration as above provided is exercised, the
commission shall insure that the amount, to-
be credited against the reparation obligations
of Austria shall be fair value for work done
or material supplied by Austria, and that the
claim made by the interested power in .re-
spect of the damage so repaired by physical
restoration shall be discharged to the extent
of the proportion which the damage thus re-
paired bears to the whole of the damage thus
claimed for.
6. As an immediate advance on account of
the animals referred to in paragraph A above.
Austria undertakes to deliver in equal month-
ly installments in the three months following
the coming into force of the present treaty
the following quantities of live stock:
To the Italian Government.
4.000 milch cows of from 3 to 5 years.
1.000 heifers.
50 bulls from 18 months to 3 years.
1.000 calves.
1.000 working bullocks.
2.000 sows.
To the Serb-Croat-Slovene Government.
1.000 milch cows of from 3 to 5 years.
300 heifers.
25 bulls from 18 months to 3 years.
1.000 calves.
500 working bullocks.
1.000 draft horses.
1,000 sheep.
To the Roumanian Government.
1.000 milch cows of from 3 to 5 years.
500 heifers.
25 bulls from 18 months to 3 years.
1,000 calves.
500 working bullocks.
1,000 draft horses.
1.000 sheep.
The animals delivered shall be of average
health and condition.
If the animals so delivered cannot be identi-
fied as animals taken away or seized, the
value of such animals shall be credited
against the reparation obligations of Austria
in accordance with paragraph 5 of this annex
7. As an immediate advance on account of
the articles referred to in paragraph 2 above.
Austria undertakes to deliver during the six
months following the coming into force of
the present treaty, in equal monthly install-
ments, such supplies of furniture in hard anc
soft wood, intended for sale in Austria, as
the allied and associated powers shall ask
for month by month through the reparatior
commission and which the commission shal
consider justified on the one hand by the
seizures and destruction carried out in the
course of the war on the territory of the
said powers and on the other hand propor
tionate to the supplies at the disposal of
Austria. The price of the articles so supplied
shall be carried to the credit of Austria un-
der the conditions provided for in paragraph
5 of this annex.
Annex V.
1. Austria shall give, as partial repara
tion. to the allied and associated governments
severally an option during the five years iol
lowing the coming into force of the present
treaty for the annual delivery of the raw
materials hereinafter enumerated: the amounts
delivered to bear the same relation to their
annual importations of these materials be
fore the war from Austria-Hungary as the
resources of Austria as now delimited by the
present treaty bear to the resources before
the war of the former Austro-Hungarian
monarchy.
Timber and timber manufactures:
Iron and iron alloys;
Magnesite.
2. The price paid for the products referred
to in the preceding paragraph shall be the
same as the price paid by Austrian nationals
under the same conditions of shipment to the
Austrian frontier and shall be subect to any
advantages which may be accorded similar
>roduets furnished to Austrian nationals.
3. The foregoing options shall be exercised
hrough the intervention of the repara/tion
ommission, which subject to the specific
>rovisions hereof shall have power to de-
ermine all questions relative to procedure and
qualities and quantities of products and the
imes and modes of delivery and payment. In
giving- notice to the Austrian government of
,he foregoing options., the commission shall
give at least 120 days' notice of deliveries to
be made after Jan. 1, 1920, and at least
hirty days' notice of deliveries to be made
between the coming into force of the pres-
ent treaty and Jan. 1. 1920. If the commis-
sion shall determine that the full exercise of
he foregoing options would interfere unduly
with the industrial requirements of Austria,
the commission is authorized to postpone or
;o cancel deliveries and in so doing to settle
all questions of priority.
Annex VI.
Austria renounces on her own behalf and
on behalf of her nationals in favor of Italy
all rights, titles or privileges- of whatever
nature in -any submarine cables or portions
of cables connecting Italian territory, includ-
ing the territories which are assigned to Italy
under the present treaty.
Austria also renounces on her own behalf
and on behalf of her nationals in favor of
the principal allied, and associated powers all
rights, titles and privileges of whatever na-
ture in the submarine cables or portions
thereof, connecting the territories ceded by
Austria under the terms of the present treaty
to the various allied and associated powers.
The states concerned shall provide for the
upkeep of the installations and the proper
working of the said cables.
As regards the cable from Trieste to Corfu.
the Italian government shall enjoy in its re-
. _ . .ling1 this cable
the same position as that held by the Austro-
lations with the company owning-
Hungarian government.
The value of the cables or portions of ca-
bles referred to in the two first paragraphs
of the present annex, calculated on the basis
of the original cost, less a suitable allowance
for depreciation, shall be credited to Aus-
tria in the reparation account.
Section II.— Special Provisions.
Article 191.
In carrying out the provisions of article
184 of this part Austria undertakes to sur-
render to each of the allied and associated
powers respectively all records, documents, ob-
jects of antiquity and of art and all scien-
tific and bibliographical material taken away
from ihe invaded territories, whether they
belong to the state or to provincial, commu-
nal, charitable or ecclesiastical administra-
tions or other public or private institutions.
Article 192.
Austria shall in the same manner restore
objects of the same nature as those referred
to in the preceding article which may have
been taken away since June 1. 1914. from the
ceded territories, with the exception of ob-
jects bought from private owners.
The reparation commission will apply to
these objects the provisions of article 208 of
Part IX. (Financial Clauses) of the present
treaty, if these are appropriate.
Article 193.
Austria will give up to each of the allied
and associated governments respectively all the
records, documents and historical material pos-
sessed by public institutions which may have
a direct bearing on the history of the ceded
territories and which have been removed dur-
ing the last ten years. This last mentioned
penod. a% far as concerns Italy, shall be ex-
tended to tho date of the proclamation of the
kingdom (1861).
Ihe new states arising: out of the former
Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the states
which receive part of the territory of that
4
046
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
monarchy undertake on their part to hand over I Modena.
to Austria the records, documents and material ^ "Virgin" by Andrea del Sarto
dating from a period not exceeding twenty drawings by Correggio belonging to
years which have a direct bearing on the his- kothek of Modena and removed in 1859 ..
tory or administration of the territory of Aus- rjiike Francis V.
tria and which may be found in the territories The three following- MSS. belonging1 to the
transferred.
Article 194-
Austria acknowledges that she remains
bound, as regards Italy, to execute the oblig'a-
tions referred to in article 15 of the treaty of
Zurich of Nov. 10. 1859. in article 18 of the
treaty of Vienna of Oct 3. 1866. and in the
convention of Florence of July 14. 1868. con-
cluded between Italy and Austria-Hungary, in I by Salvator
so far as the articles referred to have not in ~
fact been executed in their entirety and in so
far as the documents and objects in question
. Lat. 422/23).
reviarium Romanum (Cod. Lat. 424) and
Officium Beatae Virginia . (Cod.. Lat. 262).
,rds Italy, to execute the oolig-a- Officium Beatae Virgims WOO. ion. 20;
to in article .15 of the treaty of carried off by Duke Francis V. in 1859.
The bronzes carried off under the same
circumstances in 1859.
Certain objects (among- others, two pictures
y Salvator Rosa and a portrait by Dosso
Dossi) claimed by the Duke of Modena in
1868 as a condition of the execution of the
convention of June 20. 1868. and other ob-
are situated in the territory of Austria or her jects •given up in 1872 in the same circum-
allies. stances
Article 195. Palermo.
Within a period of twelve months after the Objects made in Palermo in the twelfth
coming into force of the present treaty a com- century for the Norman kings and employed
mittee of three jurists appointed by the rep- in the coronation of the emperors, which
a rat ion commission shall examine the condi- were carried off from Palermo and are now
tions under which the objects or manuscripts in Vienna.
in possession of Austria, enumerated in annex Naples.
I. hereto, were carried off by the house at Ninety-eight MSS. carried off from the li-
Hapsburg1 and by the other houses which have brary of S 'Giovanni a Carbonara and other
reigned in Italy. If it is found that the said libraries at Naples in 1718 under the orders
objects or manuscripts were carried off in vio-
lation of the :
the reparation
the committee referred to. shall order their I tua.~"vlemia. "Modena and Florence.
restitution. Italy and Austria agree to accept
the decisions of the commission.
Belgium. Poland and Czecho-Slovakia may
i or manuscripts were earned on in vio- of Austria and sent to Vienna. J-JM
of the ng-hts of the Italian provinces Various documents carried off at different
jparation commission, on the report of times from the state archives of Milan. Man-
the same committee of three jurists,
the obiects and documents enumer-
mnexes II.. in. and IV. hereto. Bel-
relating
ated ir
dertake to accept the decisions taken by the
reparation commission as the result of the re-
port of the said commitee.
Article 196.
With regard to all objects of artistic,
archaeological, ecaentinc or historic character
Annex 11.
I. The "Triptych of Saint ndephonse," by
^.ubens. from the abbey of Saint-Jacaues sur
Cowdenberg at Brussels, bought in 1777 and
red to Vienna.
Objects and documents removed 101
safety from Belgium to Austria in 1794:
(a) Arms, armor and other objects from
the old arsenal of Brussels.
(b) The Treasure of the "Toisond'Or" pre-
served in previous times in the "Chapelle de
la Cour" at Brussels.
(c) Coinage, stamp
by Theodore van Bercke
als and counters
which were .an
forming- part of collections which formerly I sentiaTTea'ture"" in"fne"' archives '" of" the
belonged to Jhe government or the .crown of | "Chambre des Comptes" at Brussels.
the Arstro-Hung-arian monarchy -and are not
otherwise provided for in this present treaty
Austna undertakes:
(a) To negotiate, when required, with the
etates concerned for an amicable arrangement
whereby any portion thereof or any objects
belonging thereto which ought to form part
of the intellectual patrimony of the ceded dis-
tricts may be returned to their districts of
origin on terms of reciprocity, and
(b) For twenty years, unless a special ar-
rangement is previously arrived at. not to
The original manuscript copies, of the
chorographique" of the Austrian low
countries drawn up by Lieut.-Gen Comte
Jas de Ferraris between 1770 and 1777. an4
the documents relating thereto.
Annex 111.
Object removed from the territory forming
part of Poland subsequent to the first parti-
The gold cup of Kinsr Ladislas IV.. No.
1114 of the Court
alienate or disperse any of the said collections
or to dispose of any of the above objects, but
at all times to insure their safety and good
condition and to make, them available., tog-ether I state of G~zecho-*Slovakiir~wbich' '
with inventories, catalogues and administrative Rosen thai removed by Border of M
documents relating to the said collection, at (2) The documents originally
all reasonable times to students who are na- -
tionals of any of the allied and associated
Dowers.
Annex I. — Tuscany.
The crown jewels (such part as remains
after their dispersion), the private jewels of
the Princess Electress of Medici, the medals
which form part of the Medici heirlooms and
other precious objects— all being domanial
property according to contractual agreements
and testamentary dispositions— removed to
Vienna during the eighteenth century.
Furniture and silver plate belonging- to the
house of Medici and the "jewel of Aspasios"
in payment of debts owed by the house of
Austria to the crown of Tuscany.
The ancient instruments of astronomy and
physics belonging' to the Academy of Cimento
removed by the house of Lorraine and sent
as a present to the cousins of the imperial
Museum at Vienna. ___
Annex IV.
(1) Documents, historical memoirs, manu-
scripts., maps. etc.. claimed, by the present
. __ .. . laria Theresa.
documents originally Jbelonging to
the Royal Aulic Chancellery of Bohemia ai
f Bohemi
ed part of
the Aulic Chamber of Accounts of Bohemia,
and the works of art which
the works of art which formed part of
installation of the Royal Chateau of
le and other royal castles in Bohemia,
i were removed by the Emperors Mathias.
the
Prague
which were removed by the Empero
Ferdinand II.. Charles VI. (about
and 1737)
which are
and
now
Francis
in the
e Em
. (ab
i Jose
'oseph
archives.
all ol
imperial
,
castles, museums and other central public in-
stitutions at Vienna.
PART IX.
FINANCIAL CLAUSES.
197.
repara-
Subject to such exceptions as the
tion commission may make, the first charge
upon all the assets and revenues of Austria
shall be the cost of reparation and all other
costs arising under the present treaty or any
treaties or agreements supplementary thereto.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
647
or under arrangements concluded between Aus-
and the allied and associated powers
the armistice signed on Nov. 3. 1918.
tria and the allied and associated powers dur-
ing1 the armistice signed on Nov. 3. 1918.
Up to May 1. 1921. the Austrian govern-
. .
ment shall not export or dispose of. and shall
forbid the export or disposal of. gold with-
out the previous approval of the allied and
associated powers acting through the repara-
tion commission.
Article 198.
There shall be paid by the government of
Austria the total cost of all armies of the
allied and associated governments occupying
territory within the boundaries of Austria as
defined by the present treaty from the date
of the signature of the armistice of Nov. 3.
1918. including the keep of men and beasts.
lodging and billeting, pay and allowance^ .sal-
aries and wages, bedding, heating, lighting.
clothing equipment, harness and saddlery, ar-
mament and rolling stock, air services, treat-
ment of sick and wounded, veterinary and re-
mount services, transport services of all sorts
(such as by rail, sea or river, motor lorries).
communications and correspondence, and. in
general, the cost of all administrative or
technical services the working of which is
necessary for the training of troops and for
keeping their numbers UP to strength and
preserving their military efficiency.
The cost jot such liabilities under the above
ernmenis in me uucuyicu I/GIH^U. one." ~~
Said by the Austrian government to 'the al-
ed and associated governments in crowns or
any legal currency of Austria which may be
Bubstituted for crowns at the current or agreed
rate of exchange.
All other of the above costs shall be paid
in the currency of the country to which the
payment is due.
Article 199.
Austria confirms the surrender of all ma
terial handed over or to be handed over to
the allied and associated powers in accord
snee with the armistice of Nov. 3. 1918. and
subsequent armistice agreements and recog
Sizes the title of the allied and associated
powers to such material.
There shall be credited to the governmen
of Austria, against the sums due from it ti
the allied and associated powers for repara
tion. the value, as assessed by the reparation
commission, of such of the above matena
for which, as having nonmilitary value, crrd
it should, in the judgment of the reparation
commission, be allowed to the government o
Austria.
Property belonging to the allied and asso
ciated governments or their nationals restored
or surrendered under the armistice agree
ments in specie shall not be credited to th
government of Austria.
Article 200.
The priority of the charges established bj
article 197 shall, subject to the qualifies
tions made in the last paragraph of thi
article, be as follows:
(.a) The cost of the armiea of occupation
as defined \inder article 198. during the ar
mistice:
(b) The cost of any armies of occupation
as defined under article 198. after the com
ing into force of the present treaty:
(c) The cost of reparation arising out o
the present treaty or any treaties or conven
tions suDplementarv thereto:
(d) The cost of all other obligations in
cumbent on Austria Under the armistice con
ventions or under this treaty or any treatie
or conventions supplementary thereto.
The payment for such supplies of food an
raw material for Austria and such other pay
ments as may be judged by the principa
allied and associated powers to be essentia
to enable Austria to meet her obligations i
respect of reparation shall have priority t
he extent and upon the conditions which
ave been or may be determined by the g-ov-
rnments of the said powers.
Article 201.
.The right of each of the allied and asso-
latecl powers to dispose of enemy assets and
roperty within its jurisdiction at the date
f the coming into force of the present treaty
s not affected by the foregoing provisions.
Article 202.
Nothing in the foregoing provisions shall
rejucuce in any manner charges or mortgages
awfully effected in favor of the allied and
ssociated powers or their nationals respective-
y. before the date at which a state of war
xisted between Austria-Hungary and the al-
led or associated powers concerned by the
ormer Austrian government or by nationals of
he former Austrian empire on assets in their
ownership at that date, except in so far as va-
riations of such charges or mortgages are spe-
cifically provided for under the terms of the
>resent treaty or conventions supplementary
hereto.
Article 20 S.
1. Each of the states to which territory of
he former Austro-Hungarian monarchy is
ransferred and each of the states arising from
he dismemberment cf that monarchy, includ-
ng Austria, shall assume responsibility for a
portion of the debt of the former Austrian
government which is specifically secured on
railways, salt mines or other property, and
which was in existence on July 28. 1914. The
portion to be so assumed by each state shall
be such portion as in the opinion of the rep-
aration commission represents the secured
debt in respect of the railways, salt mines and
other properties transferoed to the state under
the terms of this treaty or conventions sup-
plementary thereto.
The amount of the liability in respect of
secured disbt so assumed by each state, other
than Austria, shall be valued by the repara-
tion commission, on such basis as the com-
mission may conJder equitable and the value
so ascertained shall be deducted from the
amount payable by the state in question to
Austria in respect of property of the former
or existing; Austrian government which the
state acquires with the territory. Each state
shall be solely responsible in respect of that
portion of the secured debt for which it as-
sumes responsibility under the terms of this
article, and holders of the debt for which re-
sponsibility is assumed by states other than
Austria shall have no recourse against the
government of any other state.
Any property which was specifically pledged
to secure any debt referred to in this article
shall remain specifically pledged to secure the
new debt. But in case the property so pledged
is situated as the result of the present treaty
in more than one state that portion of the
property which is situated in a particular state
shall constitute the security only for that part
of the debt which is apportioned to that
state and not for any other part of the debt.
For the purposes of the present article there
shall be regarded as secured debt payments
due by the former Austrian government in
connection with the purchase pf railways or
similar property: the distribution of tine lia-
bility for such payments will be determined
by the reparation commission in the same man-
ner as in the case of secured debt.
Debts for which the responsibility is trans-
ferred under the terms of this article shall
be expressed in terms of the currency of the
state assuming the responsibility, if the orig-
inal debt was expressed in terms of Austro-
Hungarian paper currency. For the purposes
pf this conversion the currency of the assum-
ing state shall be valued in terms of Austro-
Hungarian paper kronen at the rate at which
those kronen were exchanged into the cur-
rency of the assuming state by that state
when it first substituted its own currency
for Austro-Hungarian kronen. The basis of
648
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
.this conversion of the currency unit in which
the bonds are expressed shall be subject to
the approval of the reparation commission.
which shall, il it thinks fit, require the state
effecting the conversion to modify the terms
thereof. Such modification shall only be re-
quired if. in the opinion of the commission,
the foreign exchange value of the currency
unit or units substituted for the currency
unit in which the old bonds are expressed
is substantially less at the date of the con-
version than the foreign exchange value oi
the original currency unit.
If the original Austrian debt was expressed
in terms of a foreign currency or foreign
currencies, the new debt shall be expressed
in terms of the same currency or currencies.
If the original Austrian debt was expressed
in terms of Austro-Hungarian gold coin, the
new debt shall be expressed in terms of equiv-
alent amounts of pounds sterling1 and gold
dollars of the United States of America, the
equivalents being1 calculated on the basis of
the weight and the fineness of gold of the
three coins as enacted by law on Jan. 1. 1914.
Any foreign exchange options, whether at
fixed rates or otherwise, embodied explicitly
or implicitly in the old bonds shall be em-
bodied in the new bonds also.
2. Each of the states to which territory
of the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy is
transferred and each of the states arising
from the dismemberment of that monarchy.
including1 Austria, shall assume responsibility
lor a portion of the unsecured bonded debt
of the former Austrian government which was
in existence on July 28. 1914. calculated on
the basis of the ratio between the average
for the three financial years 1911, 1912.
1.913. of such revenues of the distributed ter-
ritory and the average for the same years
of such revenues of the whole of the former
Austrian territories as in the judgment of the
eparation commission are best calculated to
^present the financial capacity of the re-
spective territories. In making- the above cal-
culation the revenues of Bosnia and Herze-
govina shall not be included.
The responsibilities in respect of bonded
£ft£iJ^ ^11 ai?fun?e<i under tne terms of tnis
dnw ish?l1 **> discharged in the manner laid
down m the annex hereto.
The Austrian government shall be solely
responsible . for all the liabilities of the for-
mer Austrian government incurred prior to
July 28 1914 other than those evidenced by
the bonds, bills securities and currency notes.
which are specifically provided for under the
terms of the present treaty
Neither .the provisions of this article nor
the provisions of the annex hereto shall apply
to securities of the former Austrian govern-
ment deposited with the Austro-Hungarian
bank ag security for the currency notes issued
by that bank.
Annex.
The amount of the former unsecured Aus-
trian government bonded debt, the responsi-
bility for. which is to be distributed under
the provisions of article 203. shall be the
rmount of that debt as it stood on July 28
1914. after deducting; that portion which
represents the liability of the former Hun-
garian government for that debt ae provided
by the additional convention relating- to
the contribution of the countries of the sa-
cred Hungarian crown to the charges of the
debt of the Austro-Hung-arian state
3*11 law of
.
Each state assuming responsibility for the
D ^unsecured Austrian government debt shall.
within three months of the coming- into force
of the present treaty, if it has not already
done so. stamp with the stamp of its own
g-overnment all the bonds of that debt existing
In its own territory. The distinguishing- num-
*? £f ,the Don<3s so stamped shall be recorded
and ehall be lurnished. tog-ether with the other
records of the stamping1, to the reparation
commission.
Holders of bonds within the territory of a
state which is required to stamp pld Aus-
trian bonds under the terms of this annex
shall, from the date of the coming into force
of the present treaty, be creditors in respect
of these bonds of that state only, and they
shall have no recourse ag-ainst the govern-
ment of any other state.
Each state which, under the terms of arti-
cle 203. is required to assume responsibility
for a portion of the old unsecured Austrian
g-overnment debt, and which has ascertained
by means of stamping the old Austrian bonds
that the bonds of any particular issue of
such old Austrian bonds held within its terri-
tory were smaller in amount than the amount
of that issue for which, in accordance with
the assessment of the reparation commission,
it is held responsible, shall deliver to the
reparation commission new bonds equal in
amount to the difference between the amount
of the issue for which it is responsible and
the amount of the same issue recorded as held
within its own territory. Such new bonds
shall be of such denominations as the rep-
aration commission may require. They shall
carry the same rights as regards interest
and amortization as the old bonds for which
they are subst'tuted. and in all other
spects the conditions of the new
be fixed subject to the approval of
aration commission.
If the original bond was expressed in terms
of Austro-Hungarian paper currency the new
bond by which it is replaced shall be expressed
in terms of the currency of the state issuing
the new bond, and for the purpose of this
currency conversion, the currency of the new
state shall be valued in terms of Austro-
Hunsrarian paper kronen at the rate at which
those kronen were exchanged for the currency
of the new state by that state when it
substituted is own currency for Austrp-Hun-
ganan paper kronen. The basis of this con-
version of the currency unit in which the
bonds are expressed shall be subject to the
approval of the reparation commission, which
shall, if it thinks fit. require the state ef-
fecting- the conversion to modify the terms
thereof. Such modification shall only be re-
auired if. in the opinion of the commission,
the foreign exchange value of the currency
unit or units substituted for the currency unit
in which the old bonds are expressed is sub-
stantially less at the date of the conversion
than the foreign exchange value of the orig-
inal currency unit.
If the original bond was expressed in terms
of a foreign currency or foreign currencies
the new bond shall be expressed in terms of
the same currency or currencies. If the orig-
inal bond was expressed in terms of Austro-
Hungarian gold coin the new bond shall be
expressed in terms of equivalent amounts of
pounds sterling and gold dollars of the United
States of America, the equivalents being cal-
culated on the basis of the weight and fine-
ness of gold of the three coins as enacted by
law on Jan. 1. 1914.
Any foreign exchange options, whether at
fixed rates or otherwise, embodied explicitly
or implicitly in the old bonds shall be em-
bodied in the new bonds also.
Bach state which under the terms of article
203 is required to assume responsibility for a
portion of the pld unsecured Austrian govern-
ment debt, which has ascertained by means
of stamping the old Austrian bonds that the
bonds of any particular issue of such old Aus-
trian bonds held within its territory were
larger in amount than the amount of that
issue for which it is held responsible in ac-
cordance with the assessment of the repara-
tion commission shall receive from the rep-
aration commission its due proportionate share
of each of the new issues of bonds issued in
accordance with the provisions of this annex.
Holders of unsecured bonds of the old Aus-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
649
trian government debt held outside the
boundaries of the states to which territory
of the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy is
transferred, or of states arising- from the
dismemberment of that monarchy, including
Austria, shall deliver through the agency of
their respective governments to the reparation
commission the bonds which they hold, and
in exchange therefor the reparation commis-
Sxm shall deliver to them certificates entitling
hem to their due proportionate share of each
Jvf ?hP .new issues of bonds corresponding: to
and issued iA ^change for their surrendered
bSnds under the provisions of this annex
The share of each state or private holder
entitfed to a share in any new issue , of bonds
issued in accordance with the provisions oi
thi* annex shall bear such proportion to
«-0-
in question of the old issue o ,.
to the total amount of the old. issue pre-
sented to the reparation commission for ex-
change into new bonds in accordance with
the provisions of this annex. Each such par-
ticipating state or private holder will also be
entitled to its or his. due proportionate share
of the new bonds issued under the terms
of the treaty with Hungary in exchange lor
that portion of the former Austrian /oyern-
raent debt for which Hungary accepted liabil-
ity under the agreement of 1907.
The reparation commission shall, if it think
fit. arrange with the holders of the new
bonds provided for by this annex a consoli-
dation loan of each debtor state, the bonds
of which loan shall be substituted for the
various different issues of new bonds on such
terms as may be 'agreed upon by the com-
mission and the bondholders.
The state assuming liability lor any Dona
of the former Austrian government shall as-
sume any liability attaching to the bond in
respect of unpaid coupons or sinking fund
installments accrued since the date of the
coming into force of the present treaty.
Article 204.
1. In case the new boundaries of any states,
as laid down by the present treaty, shall
divide any local area which was a single
unit for borrowing purposes and which had
a legally constituted public debt, such debt
shall be divided between the view divisions
of the area in a proportion to be determined
by the reparation commission in accordance
with the principles laid down for the reap-
pcrtionment of government debts under arti-
cle 203. and the responsibility so assumed
shall be discharged in such a manner as the
reparation commission shall determine.
2. The public debt of Bosnia and Herze-
govina shall be regarded as the debt of a lo-
cal area and not as part of the public debt of
the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy.
Article 205.
Within two months of the coming into force
of the present treaty, each one of the
states to which territory of the former Aus-
tro-Hungarian monarchy is transferred and
each one of the states arising from the dis-
memberment of that monarchy, including
Austria, .shall, if it has not already done so.
stamp with the stamp of its own government
the securities of various kinds which are
separately provided for. representing the
bonded war debt of the former Austrian gov-
ernment as legally . constituted prior to Oct.
27, 1918, and existing in their respective ter-
ritories.
The securities thus stamped shall be with-
drawn and replaced by certificates, their dis-
tinguishing numbers shall be recorded and
any securities withdrawn, together with the
documents recording the transaction, shall be
sent to the reparation commission.
The stamping and replacement of a security
by a certificate under the provisions of this
article shall not imply that the state so
stamping and replacing a security thereby as-
sumes or recognizes any obligation in respect
of it. unless the state in question desires
that the stamping and replacement should
have this implication.
The aforementioned states, with the excep-
tion of Austria, shall be free from any obli-
•ation in respect of the war debt of the
ormer Austrian government, wherever that
lebt may be held, but neither the govern-
ments of those states nor their nationals shall
have recourse under any circumstances what-
ever against any other states, including Aus-
tria, in respect of the war debt bonds oi
which they or their nationals are the bene-
ficial owners.
The war debt of the former Austrian gov-
ernment, which was prior to the signature
of the present treaty in the beneficial own-
ership of nationals or governments or states
other than those to which territory of the
former Austro-Hungarian monarchy is as-
signed shall be a charge upon the government
of Austria only, and no one of the other
states aforementioned shall toe held respon-
sible for any part thereof.
The provisions of this article shall not ap-
ply to the securities of the former Austrian
government deposited by that government with
the Austro-Hungarian bank as security for
the currency notes of the said bank.
The existing Austrian government shall be
solely responsible for all the liabilities of -the
former Austrian government incurred during:
the war, other than those evidenced by the
bonds, bills, securities and currency notes
which are specifically provided for under the
terms of the present treaty.
Article 206.
1. Within two months of the coming1 into
force of the present treaty, each one of the
states to which territory of the former Austro-
Hungarian monarchy is transferred, and each
one of the states arising from the dismember-
ment of that monarchy, including Austria and
the present Hungary, shall, if it has not al-
ready done so. stamp with the stamp of its
own government the currency notes of the
Austro-Hungarian bank existing in its terri-
2. 'Within twelve months of the coming into
force of the present treaty, each one of the
states to which territory of the former Austro-
Hungarian monarchy is transferred, and each
one of the states arising from the dismember-
ment of that monarchy, including Austria and
the present Hungary, shall replace, as it may
think fit, the stamped notes referred to above
by its own or a new currency.
3. The governments of such states as have
already converted the currency notes of the
Austro-Hungarian bank by stamping or by
the issue of their own or a new currency, and
in carrying out this operation have withdrawn,
without stamping them, a portion or all of the
currency notes circulating in their territory,
shall either stamp the notes so withdrawn or
hold them at the disposal of the reparation
commission.
4. Within fourteen months of the coming
into force of the present treaty those govern-
ments which have replaced notes of the bank
by their own or new currency in accordance
with the provisions of this article, shall trans-
fer to the reparation commission all the notes,
stamped or unstamped, of the bank which
have been withdrawn in the course of this
replacement.
5. All notes transferred to the reparation
commission under the provisions of this ar-
ticle shall be dealt with by that commission
in accordance with the provisions of the an-
nex hereto.
6. The Austro-Hungarian bank shall be
liquidated as from the day succeeding the day
of the signature of this treaty.
7. The liquidation shall be conducted by re-
ceivers specially appointed for that purpose by
the reparation commission. In conducting the
liquidation of the bank the receivers shall fol-
low the rules laid down in the statutes or
650
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
other valid instruments regulating the con-
stitution of the bank, subject, however, to the
special provisions of this article. In .the case
of any doubt arising- as to the interpretation
of the rules concerning1 the liquidation of the
bank, whether laid down in these articles and
annexes, or in the statutes qf the bank, the
decision of the reparation commission or any
arbitrator appointed by it for that purpose
shall be final.
8. The currency notes issued by the bank
subsequent to Oct. 27. 1918. shall have a
claim on the securities issued by the Austrian
and Hungarian governments, both former and
existing1, and deposited with the bank by those
governments* as security for these notes, but
they shall not have a claim on any other as-
sets of the bank.
9. Tho currency notes issued by the bank
on or T)rior to Oct. 27. 1918 (in so far as
they are entitled to rank at all in conformity
with these articles), shall all rank equally as
claims against all the assets sof the bank
other than the Austrian and Hungarian gov-
ernment securities deposited as security for
the various note issues.
10. The securities deposited by the Austrian
and Hungarian governments, both former and
existing, with the bank as security for the
currency notes issued on or prior to Oct. 27.
1918. shall be canceled in so far as they rep-
resent the notes converted in the territory qf
the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy as It
existed on July 28. 1914. by states to which
territory of that monarchy is transferred or
by states arising from the dismemberment of
that monarchy, including Austria and the
present Hungary.
11. The remainder of the securities depos-
ited by the Austrian and Hungarian govern-
ments, both former and existing, with the
bank as security for the currency notes issued
on or prior to Oct. 27, 1918, shall be retained
in force as security for. and in so far as they
represent, the notes issued on or prior to
Oct. 27. 1918. which on June 15. 1919. were
outside the limits of the former Austro-Hun-
srarian monarchy as it existed on July 28.
1914: that is to say. firstly, all notes of this
description which are presented to the repara-
tion commission in .accordance with paragraph
4 of this article, and, secondly, all notes of this
description which may be held elsewhere and
are presented to the receivers of the bank in
accordance with the annex hereto.
12. No claims on account of any other cur-
rency notes issued on or prior to Oct. 27.
1918, shall rank either against the general
assets of the bank or against the securities
deposited by the Austrian and Hungarian gov-
ernments, both former and existing, as secur-
ity for the notes, and any balance of soich se-
curities remaining after the amount of securi-
ties mentioned in paragraphs 10 and 11 has
been calculated and deducted shall be can-
°eie3.' All securities deposited by the Austrian
and Hungarian governments, both former and
existing, with the bank as security for cur-
rency note issues and which are maintained
in force shall be the obligations respectively of
the' governments of Austria and the present
Hungary only and not of any other states.
14. The holders of currency notes of the
Austro-Hunfe-arian bank shall have no recourse
against the governments of Austria or the
present Hungary or any other government in
respect of any loss which they may suffer as
the result of the liquidation of the bank.
Annex.
1. The respective governments, when trans-
mitting to the reparation commission all the
currency notes of the Austrq-Hungarian bank
withdrawn by them from circulation in ac-
cordance with terms of article 206. shall also
deliver to the commission all the records show-
ing the nature and amounts of the conversions
•which they have effected.
2. The reparation commission, after examin-
ing the records, shall deliver to the said gov-
ernments separate certificates stating- the total
amount of currency notes which the govern-
ments have converted:
(a) within the limits of the former Austro-
Hungarian monarchy as they existed on July
(b) elsewhere.
These certificates will entitle the bearer to
lodge a claim with the receivers of the bank
for currency notes thus converted which are
entitled to share in the assets of the bank.
3. After the liquidation of the bank is com-
pleted 'he reparation commission shall destroy
the notes thus withdrawn.
4. No notes issued on or prior to Oct. 27.
1918. wherever they may be held, will rank
as claims against the bank unless they are
presented through the government of the
country in which they are held.
Article 207.
Each one of the states to which territory of
the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy is
transferred, and each one of the states arising
from the dismemberment of that monarchy, in-
cluding Austria, shall deal as it thinks fit
with the petty or token coinage of the former
Aubtro-Huugarian monarchy existing in its
territory.
No such state shall have any recourse un-
der any circumstances, on behalf either of
itself or of its nationals, against any other
state with regard to such petty or token coin-
age.
Article 208.
States to which territory of the former
Austro-Hungarian monarchy is transferred and
states arising from the dismemberment of
that monarchy shall acquire all property and
possessions situated within their territories
belonging to the former or existing- Austrian
government.
For the purposes of this article, the prop-
erty and possessions of the former or existing
Austrian government shall be deemed to in-
clude the property of the former Austrian
empire and the interests of that empire in
the joint property of the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy, as well as all the property of the
crown, and the private property of mem-
bers of the former royal family of Austria-
These states shall, however, have no claim
to any property of the former or existing
gqvernment of Austria situated outside their
own respective territories.
The value of such property and possessions
acquired by states other than Austria shall
be fixed by the reparation commission and
placed by that commission to the credit of
Austria and to the debit of the state acquir-
ing such property on account of the sums
due for reparation. The reparatiqn commis-
sion shall deduct from the value of the pub-
lic property thus acquired an amount pro-
portionate to the contribution in money, land
or material made directly by any province
or commune or other autonomous local au-
thority toward the cost of such property.
Without prejudice to article 203 relating
to secured debt, in the case of each state
acquiring property under the provisions of
this article, the amount placed to the credit
of Austria and to the debit of the said state
in accordance with the preceding .paragraph
shall be reduced by the value of the amount
of the liability in respect of the unsecured
debt of the former Austrian government as-
sumed by that state under the provisions of
article 203 which, in the opinion of the
reparation commission, represents expenditure
upon the property so acquired. The value
shall be fixed by the reparation commission
on such basis as 'the commission may con-
sider equitable.
Property of the former and existing Aus-
trian governments shall be deemed to in-
clude a share of the real .property in Bosnia-
Herzegovina of all descriptions, for which, un-
der article 5 of the convention of Feb. 26,
1909. the g-overnment of the former Austro-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
061
Hungarian monarchy paid £T2,500,000 to
the OUoman government. Such share shall
be proportionate to the share which the for-
mer Austrian empire contributed to the above
irTvment and the value of this share, as
assVssed by the reparation commission, shall
be credited to Austria on account of repara-
11 As exception to the above there shall be
transferred without payment:
(1) The property and possessions of prov-
inces communes and other local autonomous
institutions of the former Austro:Hunganan
monarchy, including those in Bosnia-Herzego-
vina which did not belong to the former
Austro-Hungarian monarchy:
(2) Schools and hospitals the property of
kiF?1??her°fanV0lbundin& or other property situ-
ated in the respective territories transferred to
the states referred to in the first paragraph
whos<> principal value lies in its historic in-
terest and associations, and which formerly
belonged to the kingdom of Bohemia, the king-
dom of Poland, the kingdom of Croatia-
Slavonia-Dalmatia. Bosnia-Herzegovina, the re-
public of Ragusa, the Venetian republic or the
episcopal principalities of Trient and Bressa-
none may. subject to the approval of the repa-
ration commission, be transferred to the gov-
ernment entitled thereto without payment.
Article 209.
Austria renounces, so far as she is concerned,
all rights accorded to her or her nationals by-
treaties conventions or agreements, of what-
soever kind, to representation upon, or partici-
pation in. the control or administration 01
commissions, state banks, agencies or other
financial or economic organizations of an inter-
national character exercising- powers of con-
trol or administration and operating- in any of
the allied or associated states, or in Germany,
Hungary. Bulgaria or Turkey, or in the de-
pendencies' of these states or in the former
Russian empire.
Article 210.
1. The Austrian government agrees to de-
liver within one month f-om the coming into
force of the present treaty to such authority
as the principal allied and associated powers
may designate the sum in gold deposited in the
Austro-Hungarian bank in the name of the
council of the administration of the Ottoman
public debt as security for the first issue of
Turkish government currency notes.
2. Without prejudice to article 244 of part
X. of the present treaty. Austria renounces so
far as she is concerned any benefit disclosed by
the treaties of Bukharest and Brest -Litovsk and
by the treating supplementary thereto.
Austria undertakes to transfer either to Rou-
mania or to the principal allied and associated
powers, as the cas3 may be. all monetary in-
struments, specie, securities and negotiable
instruments or goods which she has received
under the aloresaid treaties.
3. The sums of money and all securities,
instruments and goods, of whatsoever native.
to be delivered, paid or transferred under «he
provisions of this article, shall be disposed of
by the principal allied and associated powers
in a manner hereafter to be determined by
those powers.
4. Austria recognizes any transfer of gold
provided for by article 259 (5) of the treaty
of peace concluded at Versailles on June 28.
1919. between the allied and associated powers
and Germany, and any transfer of claims pro-
vided for by article 261 of that treaty.
Article 211.
Without prejudice to the renunciation of any
rights by Austria on behalf of herself or of
her nationals in the other provisions of the
p^s^nt treaty, the reparation commission may.
within one year from 'the cominer into force
of the present treaty, demand that Austria
become possessed of any rights and interests
of her nationals in any public utility, under-
taking or in any concession operating in Rus-
sia. Turkey, Germany. Hungary or Bulgaria,
or in the possessions or dependencies of these
states or in any territory formerly belonging- to
Austria or her allies to be transferred by Aus-
tria or her allies to any state, or to be admin-
istered by a mandatory under any treaty en-
tered into with the allied and associated pow-
ers, and may require that the Austrian gov-
ernment transfer, within six months of the
date of demand, to the reparation commission
all such rights and interests and any similar
rights and interests owned by the former or
existing Austrian government.
Austria shall be responsible for indemnify-
ing her nationals so dispossessed, and the rep-
aration commission shall credit Austria on
account of sums due for reparation with such
sums in respect of the value of the trans-
ferred rights and interests as may be assessed
by the reparation commission, and the Aus-
trian government shall, within six months
from the coming into force of the present
treaty, communicate to the reparation com-
mission all such rights and interests, whether
already granted, contingent or not yet exer-
cised, and s.hall renounce on behalf of itself
and its nationals in favor of the allied and
associated powers all such rights and interests
which have not been so communicated.
Article 212.
The Austrian government undertakes to re-
frain from preventing or impeding such ac-
quisition by the German. Hungarian. Bulga-
rian or Turkish governments of any rights
and interests of German. Hungarian. Bulgarian
or Turkish nationals in public utility under-
takings or concessions operating in Austria as
may be required by the reparation commission
under the terms of the treaties of peace or
supplementary treaties or conventions con-
cluded between 'the allied and associated pow-
ers and the German. Hungarian, Bulgarian or
Turkish governments respectively.
Article 21S.
Austria undertakes to transfer to the allied
and associated powers all claims in favor of
the former or existing Austrian government*
to payment or reparation by the governments
of Germany. Hungary. Bulgaria or Turkey,
and in particular all claims which may arise
now or hereafter in the fulfillment of under-
takings made after July 28. 1914. until the
coming into force of the present treaty.
The value of such claims shall be assessed
by the reparation commission and shall be
transferred to the reparation commission for
the credit of Austria on account of the sums
due for reparation.
Article 214.
Any monetary obligation arising out of the
present treaty and expressed in terms of gold
kronen shrill, unless some other arrangement
is specifically provided for in any particular
case under the terms of this treaty or con-
ventions supplementary thereto, be payable
at the option of the creditors in pounds ster-
ling payable in London, gold dollars of the
United States of America payable in New
York, gold francs payable in Paris, or gold
lire payable in Rome.
For the purposes of this article, the gold
coins mentioned above shall be defined as be-
ing of the weight and fineness of gold aa
enacted by law on Jan. 1. 1914.
Article 215.
Any financial adjustments, such as those
relating to any banking and insurance com-
panies, savings banks, postal savings banks,
land banks, mortgage companies or other sim-
ilar institutions, operating within the ter-
ritory of the former Austro-Hungarian mon-
archy, necessitated by the partition of that
monarchy and the resettlement of public debts
?nd currencv provided for by these articles,
shall be reeml-^d by agreement between the
various governments concerned in such a man-
ner as shall best secure equitable treatment
652
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
to all the parties interested. In case the gov-
ernments concerned are unable to come to
an agreement on any question arising- out
of this financial adjustment, or in case any
government is of opinion that its nationals
have not received equitable treatment. the
reparation commission shall, on the appli-
cation of any one of the governments con-
cerned appoint an arbitrator or arbitrators,
whose decision shall be final.
Article 216.
The government of Austria shall be under
no liability in respect of civil or military
pensions granted to nationals of the former
Austrian empire who have been recognized
as nationals of other states or who become
BO under the provisions of the present treaty.
PART X.— ECONOMIC CLAUSES.
Section I. — Commercial Relations.
Chapter I. — Customs Regulations, Duties and
Restrictions.
Article 217.
Austria undertakes that goods the produce
or manufacture of any one of the allied or
associated states imported into Austrian ter-
ritory from whatsoever place arriving1, ehall
not be subjected to other or higher duties- or
charges (including- internal charges) than
those to which the like goods the produce or
manufacture of any other such state or 01
any other foreign country are subject.
Austria will not maintain or impose any
prohibition or restriction on the importation
into Austrian territory of any goods the
produce or manufacture of the territories oi
any one of the allied or associated states,
from whatsoever place arriving-, which shall
not equally extend to the importation of tha
like goods the produce or manufacture of any
other such state or of any foreign country.
Article 218.
Austria further undertakes that. . in the
matter of the regime applicable on importa-
tion, no discrimination against the commerce
of any of the allied and associated states
as compared with any other of the said states
or any other foreign country shall be made,
even by indirect means, such as customs regu-
lations or procedure, methods of verification
or analysis, conditions of payment of duties,
tariff classification or interpretation, or the
operation of monopolies.
Article 819.
, In all that concerns exportation Austria un-
dertakes that goods, natural products or man-
ufactured article®, exported from Austrian ter-
ritory to the territories of any one of the al-
lied 01* associated states shall not be sub-
jected to other or higher duties or charges
(including1 internal charges) than those paid
on the like poods exported to any other such
state or to any other foreign country.
Austria will not maintain or impose any pro-
hibition or restriction on the exportation of
any goods sent from her territory to sny one
of the allied or associated states which ehall
not equally extend to the exportation of the
like goods, natural products or manufactured
articles, sent to any other such state or to
any other foreign country.
Article 220.
Every favor, immunity or privilege in re-
Rrard to the importation, exportation or tr^n-
sit of goods granted by Austria to any allied
or associated states or to any other foreign
country whatever shall simultaneously and un-
conditionally, without request and without
compensation, be extended to all the allied
and associated states.
Article 221.
By war of exception to the provisions of
article 2 88 of part XII. (Ports. Waterways and
Railways), products in transit by the ports
which before the war wer« situated in terri-
tory of the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy
ehall. for a period of three years from the
ccming- into force of the present treaty, en-
joy on importation into Austria reductions of
duty corresponding with and in proportion to
those applied to such products under the
Austro-Hungarian customs tariff of Feb. 13.
1906. when imported by such ports.
Article 222.
Notwithstanding the provisions of articles
217 to 220. the allied and associated powers
agree that they will not invoke these provi-
sjons to secure the advantage of any arrange-
ments which may be made by the Austrian
government with the governments of Hungary
or of the Czecho-Slovak state for the accord
of a special customs regime to certain natural
or manufactured products which both origi-
nate in and come from those countries and
which shall be specified in the arrangements,
provided that the duration of these arrange-
ments does not exceed a period of five years
from the coming into force of the present
treaty- Article 22S.
During the first six months after the com-
ing into force of the present treaty the du-
ties imposed by Austria on imports from al-
lied and associated states ehall not be higher
than the most favorable duties which were
applied to imports into the former Austro-
Hungarian monarchy on July 28. 1914.
During a further period of thirty months
after the expiration of the first six months
this provision shall continue to be applied
exclusively with regard to the importation of
fruits (fresh and dried), fresh vegetables,
olive oil. eggs, pigs and pork products, and
live poultry, in so far as such products en-
joyed at the above mentioned date (July 28.
1914). rates conventionalized by treaties with
the allied or associated powers.
Article 224.
(1.) The Czecho-Slovak state and Poland un-
dertake that for a period of fifteen years
from the coming1 into force of the present
treaty they will not impose on the exporta-
tion to Austria of the products of coal mines
in their territories any export duties or other
charges or restrictions on exportation different
from or more onerous than those imposed on
such exportation to any other country.
(2) Special agreements shall be made be-
tween Poland and the Czecho-Slovak state and
Austria as to the supply of coal and of raw
materials reciprocally.
(3) Pending the conclusion of such agree-
ments, but in no case during more than three
years from the coming into, force of the
present treaty, the Czechoslovak state and
Poland undertake that no export duty or
other restrictions of any kind shill be
imposed on the export to Austria of coal
or lignite up to a reasonable quantity
to be fixed, failing arrreement between the
states concerned, by the reparation commission.
In fixing this quantity tho reparation com-
mission shall take into account all the cir-
cumstances, including the quantities both of
coal and of lignite supplied before the war to
present Austrian territory from upper Silesia
and from the territory of the former Austrian
empire transferred to the Czecho-Slovak state
and Poland in accordance with the present
treaty, and the quantities now available for
export from those countries. Austria shall
in return furnish to the Czecho-Slovak state
and Poland supplies of the raw materials re-
ferred to in paragraph (2) in accordance with
the decisions of the reparation commission.
(4) The Czecho-Slovak state and Poland
further undertake during the same period to
take euch steps as may be necessary to insure
that any such products shall be available for
Bale to purchasers in Austria on terms as fa-
vorable as are applicable to like products sold
under similar conditions to purchasers in the
Czecho-Slovak state or Poland respectively or
in any other country.
(5) In case of disagreement in the execution
• interpretation of any of the above pro-
visions tho reparation commission shall de-
cide.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
653
Article 230.
Austria undertakes to recognize any new
oorv« t« TA^nc- i nationality which has been or may be ao-
The high contracting pariH 3 agree to - quired t>v her nationals under the laws of
ize the flag flown, by the vessels^ of any^ con- | ggS^Slied and associated
Chapter II.— Shipping.
Article 225.
nize
powers, and in ac-
iMinu WM.W .»•. *.«-.. — . — ., A _ \* • -u n-Mrk I liic ciiiit?vi cHJRl a.&»u<jia/tc;u puweie. ttixu. AII en;-
tracting party having no seacoast which are cordance witn the decisions of the compe-
registered at some one specified place situated tent authorities of these powers pursuant to
in its territory; such place shall serve as the naturalization laws or under treaty stipula-
port of registry of such vessels.
Chapter III.— Unfair Competition.
Article 226.
Austria undertakes; to adopt all the neces-
sary legislative and administrative measures
to protect goods the produce or manufacture
of any one of the allied and associated pow-
ers from all forms of unfair competition in
|J??2'103' Ji ;LS!L i^Jtiir* n^on themselves or ity with the usual rules and customs.
to regard such persona as having,
in consequence of the acquisition of such
new nationality, in all respects severed their
allegiance to their country of origin.
Article 231.
The allied and associated powers may ap-
point consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls
and consular agents in Austrian towns and
ports. Austria undertakes to approve the des-
ignation of the consuls-general, consuls, vice-
their usual get-up or wrappings
names, devices or descriptions
which are calculated to conv
directly a false ^di-tmn.of
any marks,
whTch' areTafculated to^wnVey'dire^tl.y1 ™™
directly a false indication of the origin, type,
nature or special characteristics of such goods.
Article 227.
Austria undertakes., on condition that reel
is accorded in these matters, to re-
ly law. or any administrative or ju-
_3cision 'given in conformity with such
and duly communicated to her by the proper-
authorities, d
to any regional appei
ww • -To "™/4ii/oH 7r« th« stat.p tr> which I or associated power snail not, aiier tne
S^^S^JS™1^? &"5J5!&£ S5££ Piration of three years from the coming i
Chapter V.— General Articles.
Article 232.
The obligations Imposed on Austria by
chapter I. above shall cease to have effect
five years from the date of the coming into
force of the present treaty, unless otherwise
provided in the text, or unless the council of
the league of nations shall, at least twelve
months before the expiration of that period,
decide that these obligations shall be main-
tained for a further period with or without
amendment.
Nevertheless, it is agreed that unless the
league of nations decides otherwise an allied
ssociated power shall not after the ex-
the " region bel6ngs or the^ c< er , -force oj the^resent treaty be entitled to re-
|g>«
fumilment b
.ustria of the pro-
.— „, ~ ^ ~^.. ~^8. 219 or 220 un-
artTcTe^bearing 1 1tossAu^r\apower accords ^^^tive treatment
regional appellations inconsistent with such Article 228 of chapter IV. shall remain in
law or order shall be prohibited, by ™e J^' operation, with or without amendment, after
trian government and repressed by the meas- tne period of five years for such furtner pe.
urea prescribed in the preceding article. nod. if any. not exceeding five years, as may
Chapter IX.— Treatment of Nationals of Allied ^ determined by a majority of the council
and Associated Powers. * ^".JJ1 ^33
Article 228.
Austria undertakes:
(a) not to subject the nationals of the
allied and associated powers to any prohibi-
tion in regard to the exercise of occupations
professions, trade and industry, which .shall
not be equally applicable to all aliens without
eX(b? nofc to subject the nationals of the
allied and associated powers in regard to
the risrhts referred to in paragraph (a) to
If the Austrian government engages in in-
ternational trade, it shall not in respect there-
of have or be deemed to have any rights,
privileges or immunities of sovereignty.
Section II.— Treaties.
Article 234.
From the coming into force of the present
treaty and subject to the provisions thereof
the multilateral treaties, conventions and
agreements of an economic or technical char-
any feguiation^rTestfictfon which might "con- 1 acter concluded by the former Austro-Hun-
travene directly or indirectly the stipulations I ganan monarchy and enumerated /below and
said
of the said paragraph, or which shall be
other or more disadvantageous than those
which are applicable to nationals of the most
favored nation;
(c> not to subject the nationals of the
allied -ind associated powers, .
rights or interests, including companies and
associations in which they are interested, to
any charge, tax or impost, direct or indirect,
other or higher than those which are or may
be imposed on her own nationals or their
property, rights or interests:
(d) not to subject the nationals of any
one of the allied and associated powers to
any restriction which was not applicable on
July 1. 1914. to the nationals of such pow-
ers unless such restriction is likewise im-
posed on her own nationals.
Article 229.
in the subsequent articles shall alone be ap-
plied as between Austria and those of the
allied and associated powers party thereto:
(1) Conventions of March 14. 1884; Dec.
1. 1886. and March 23, 1887. and final pro-
nronprtv I tocol of July 7. 1887, regarding the protec-
tion of submarine cables
(2) Convention of Oct. 11. 1909. regarding
the international circulation of motor cars.
(3) Agreement of May 15. 1886. regarding
the sealing of railway trucks subject to cus-
toms inspection, and protocol of May 18.
(4)' Agreement of M*ay 15. 1886. regarding
the technical standardization of railways.
(5) Convention of July 5. 1890. regarding
the. publication of customs tariffs and the
organization of an international union for the
publication of customs tariffs.
(6) Convention of April 25. 1907 regard-
The nationals of the allied and associated in? tne.jaisinf of the Turkish customs tariff
powers shall enjoy in Austrian territory a con-
stant protection for their persons and for
their nroperty. rights and interests and shall
have free access to the courts of law.
(7) Convention of March 14. 1857. for the
redemption of toll dues on the sound and
belts.
f8) Convention of June 22. 1861, for the
redemption of the state toll on the Elbe.
654
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
(9) Convention of July 16. 1863. for the
redemption of the toll dues on the Scheldt.
(10) Convention of Oct. 29. 1888. regarding1
the establishment of a definite arrangement
guaranteeing the free use of the Suez canal.
(11) Conventions of Sept. 23. 1910. re-
specting- the unification of certain regulations
regarding collisions and salvage at sea.
(12) Convention of Dec. 21. 1904. regarding1
the exemption of hospital ships from dues
and charges in ports.
(13) Convention of Sept. 26. 1906. for the
suppression of night wo£k for women.
(14) Conventions of May 18. 1904, and May
4. 1910. regarding the suppression of the
white slave traffic.
(15) Convention of May 4, 1910. regarding
the suppression of obscene publications.
(16) Sanitary convention of Dec. 3. 1903.
and the preceding conventions signed on Jan.
30. 1892. April 15. d.893. April 3, 1894, and
March 19. 1897.
(17) Convention of May 20. 1875. regard-
ing1 the unification and improvement of the
metric system.
(18) Convention of Nov. 29, 1906. regard-
ing the unification of pharmacopreial formulae
for potent drugs.
(19) Convention of Nov. 16 and 19. 1885.
regarding the establishment of a concert pitch.
(20) Convention of June 7. 1905. regarding
the creation of an international agricultural
institute at Rome.
(21) Conventions of Nov. 3. 1881. and April
15. 1889. regarding precautionary measures
against phylloxera.
(22) Convention of March 19, 1902. regard-
ing the protection of birds useful to agricul-
(23) Convention of June 12. 1902. regarding
the guardianship of minors.
Article 255.
From the coming into force of the present
treaty the high contracting parties shall apply
the conventions and agreements hereinafter
mentioned, in so far as concerns them. Austria
undertaking to comply with the special stipu-
lations contained in this article.
Postal conventions:
Conventions and agreements of the universal
postal union concluded at Vienna July 4,
1891.
Conventions and agreements of the.
union signed at Washington June 15. 1J
3tal
Conventions and agreements of the postal
union signed at Rome. May 26. 1906.
Telegraphic conventions :
International telegraphic conventions signed
at St. Petersburg, July 10-22. 1875.
Retaliations and tariffs drawn up by the in-
ternational telegraphic conference. Lisbon,
June 11. 1908.
Austria undertakes not to refuse her assent
to the conclusion by the new states of the
special arrangements referred to , in the con-
ventions and agreements relating to the uni-
versal postal union and to the international
telegraphic union, to which the said new
states have adhered or may adhere.
Article 2S6.
From the coming into force of the present
treaty the high contracting parties shall ap-
ply, in so far as concerns them, the interna-
tional radio-telegraphic convention of July 6.
1912, Austria undertaking to comply with the
provisional regulations which will be indicated
to her b.y the allied and associated powers.
If within five years after the coming into
Iprce of the present treaty a new conven-
tion regulating international radio-telegraphic
communications should have been concluded
to take the place of the convention of July
6. 1912. this new convention shall bind Aus-
tria, even if Austria should refuse either to
take part in drawing up the convention or to
subscribe thereto.
Thia new convention will likewise replace
the provisional regulations ia force.
Article 237.
The international convention of Paris of
March 20. 1883. for the protection of indus-
trial property, revised at Washington on June
2, 1911. and the agreement of April 14, 1891.
concerning the international registration of
trade-marks shall be applied as from the
coming- into force of the present treaty, in
so far as they are not affected or modified by
the exceptions and restrictions resulting there-
from.
Article 288.
From the coming into force of the present
treaty the high contracting parties shall ap-
ply, in so far as concerns them, the conven-
tion of The Hague of July 17. 1905. relating
to. civil procedure. This provision, however,
will not ao>ply to France. Portugal and Rou-
mania.
Article 2S9.
Austria undertakes, within twelve months of
the coming into force of the present treaty, to
adhere in the prescribed form to the interna-
tional convention of Bern of Sept. 9, 1886,
for the protection of literary and artistic
works, revised at Berlin in 1908. and the act
and protocol of March 20. 1914. relating to
the protection of literary and artistic works.
Until her adherence, Austria undertakes to
recognize and protect by effective measures and
in accordance with the principles of the aaid
convention the literary and artistic works of
nationals of the allied and associated powers.
In addition and irrespective of the above
mentioned adherence, Austria undertakes to
continue to assure such recognition and such
protection to all literary and artistic works
of the nationals of each of the allied and as-
sociated powers to an extent at least as great
as upon July 28. 1914. and upon, the same
conditions.
Article 240.
Austria undertakes to adhere to the fol-
lowing conventions:
(1) Convention of Sept. 26. 1906. for the
suppression of the use of white phosphorus in
the manufacture of matches.
(2) Convention of Dec. 31. 1913, reg-ardiner
the unification of commercial statistics.
Article 241.
Each of the allied or associated powers, be-
ins: guided by the general principles or spe-
cial provisions of the present treaty, shall
notify to Austria the bilateral agreements of
all kinds which were in force between her
and the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy,
and which she wishes should be tn force as
between her and Austria.
The notification referred to in the present
article shall be made either directly or through
the intermediary of another power. Receipt
thereof, shall be acknowledged in writing; by
Austria. The date of the coming into force
shall be that of the notification.
The allied and associated powers undertake
among themselves not to apply as between
themselves and Austria any agreements which
are not in accordance with the terms of the
present treaty.
The notification shall mention any provisions
of the said agreements which, not being in
accordance with the terms of the present
treaty, shall not be considered as coming into
force.
In case of any difference of opinion, tHe
league of nations will be called on to decide.
A penod of six months from the coming
into force of the present treaty is allowed to
the allied and associated powers within which
to make the notification.
Only those bilateral agreements which have
been the subject of such a notification shall
be put in force between the allied and asso-
ciated powers and Austria.
The above rules apply to all bilateral agree-
ments existing between any allied and asso-
ciated powers signatories to the present treatr
and Austria, even if the said allied and asso-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
655
dated powers have not been in a state of
war with Austria.
Article 242.
Austria hereby recognizes that all treaties,
conventions or agreements concluded by her
or by the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy
with Germany. Hungary. Bulgaria or Turkey
since Aug. 1. 1914, until the coming- into
force of the present treaty are of no effect.
Article 243.
Austria undertakes to secure to the allied
and associated powers and to the officials and
nationals of the said powers, the enjoyment
of all the rig-fats and advantages of any kind
which she or the former Austro-Hungarian
monarchy may have granted to Germany. Hun-
gary. Bulgaria or Turkey or to the officials
and nationals of these states by treaties, con-
ventions or arrangements concluded before
Aug. 1. 1914, so long as those treaties, con-
ventions or arrangements are in force.
The allied and associated powers reserve
the right to accept- or not the enjoyment of
these rights and advantages.
Article 244.
Austria recognizes that all treaties, conven-
tions or arrangements which she or the for-
mer Austro-Hungarian monarchy concluded
with Russia or with any state or govern-
ment of which the territory previously
formed a part of Russia or with Roumania
before July 28. 1914, or after that date until
the coming into force of the present treaty
are of no effect.
Article 245.
'Should an allied or associated power, Rus-
sia, or a state or government of which the
territory formerly constituted a part of Rus-
eia, have been forced since July 28. 1914, by
reason of military occupation or by any
other means or for any other cause, to grant
or to allow to be granted by the act of any
public authority, concessions, privileges and
favors of any kind to the former Austro-
Hungarian monarchy, or to Austria or to
an Austrian national, such •concessions, priv-
ileges and favors are ipso facto annulled by
the present treaty.
No claims or indemnities which may re-
sult from this annulment shall be charged
against the allied or associated powers or the
powers, states, governments or public author-
ities which are released from their engage-
ments by the present article.
Article 246.
From the coming- into force of the present
treaty Austria undertakes, so far as she is
concerned, to give the allied and associated
?owers and their nationals the benefit ipso
acto of the rights and advantages of any
kind which she or the former Austro-Hung-a-
nan monarchy has granted, by treaties, con-
ventions, or arrangements to nonbelligerent
states or their nationals since July 28. 1914.
until the coming into force of the present
treaty, so long as those treaties, conventions
or arrangements are in force for Austria.
Article 247.
Those of the high contracting parties who
have not yet signed, or who have signed but
not yet ratified, the opium convention signed
at. The Hague on Jan. 23. 1912. agree to
bring the said convention into force, and for
this purpose to enact the necessary legisla-
tion without delay and in any case within
a period of twelve months from the coming
into force of the present treaty.
t>£U^thermf0r+- they Free that ratification of
the present treaty should in the case of
powers which have not yet ratified the opium
?ent ?n «,no bVlPT-ed in al] Aspects equiva-
tn thP * ratification of that convention and
w J nn! ^ tU*rerr£f I4je spe™l protocol which
the SSSSSSA ^ ^f"6 in accordance with
he resolutions adopted by the third opium
ven&TntS1 fo'rce4 f°r bpilMrtn|r the 8aid c°n'
For this purpose the government of the
French republic will communicate to the gov-
ernment of the Netherlands a certified copy
of the protocol of the deposit of ratifications
of the present treaty, and will invite the gov-
ernment of the Netherlands to accept and
deposit the said certified copy as if it were
a deposit of ratifications of the opium con-
vention and a signature of the additional
protocol of 1914.
Section HI.— Debts.
Article 248.
There shall be settled through the interven-
tion of clearing offices to be established by
each of the high contracting parties within
three months of the notification referred ito in
paragraph (e) hereafter the following1 classes
of pecuniary obligations:
(1) Debts payable before the war and due
by a national of one of the Contracting pow-
ers, residing within its territory, to a na-
tional of an opposing power, residing within
its territory:
(2) Debts which became payable during the
war to nationals of one contracting power re-
siding within its territory and arose out of
transactions or contracts with the national*
of an opposing power, resident within its
territory, of which the total or partial execu-
tion was suspended on account of the exist-
ence of a state of war:
(3) Interest which has accrued due before
and during the war to a national of one of
the contracting powers in respect of securi-
ties issued or taken over by an opposing
power, provided that the ipayment of inter-
est on such securities to the nationals of that
power or to neutrals has not been suspended
during the war;
(4) Capital sums which have become pay-
able before and during the war to nationals
of one of the contracting powers in respect
of securities issued by one of the opposing
powers, provided that the payment of such
capital sums to nationals of that power or to
neutrals has not been suspended during- the
war.
In the case of interest or capital sums pay-
able in respect of securities issued or taken
over by the former Austro-Hungarian govern-
ment the amount to be credited and paid by
Austria will be the interest or capital in re-
spect only of the deh't for which Austria is
liable in accordance with the financial clauses
of the present treaty, and the principles laid
down by the reparation commission.
The inroceeds of liquidation of enemy prop-
erty, rights and interests mentioned in sec-
tion IV. and in the annex thereto will be
accounted for through the clearing offices,
in the currency and at the rate of exchange
hereinafter provided in paragraph (d). and
disposed of by them under the conditions pro-
vided by the said section and annex.
The settlements provided for in this article
shall be effected according* to the following
principles and in accordance with the annex
to this section:
(a) Each of the high contracting- parties
shall prohibit, as from the coming into force
or the present treaty, both the payment and
the acceptance of payment of such debts, and
also all communications between the inter-
ested parties with regard to the settlement of
the said debts otherwise than through the
clearing- offices.
. (b) Each of the high contracting parties
shall be respectively responsible for the pay-
ment of such debts due by its nationals, ex-
cept in the cases where before the war the
debtor was in a state of bankruptcy or failure,
or had given formal indication of insolvency,
or where the debt was due by a company
whose business has been liquidated under
emergency legislation during the war.
(c) The sums due to the nationals of one
of the high contracting parties by the, na-
tionals of an opposing- state will be debited f,o
the clearing office of the country of th« d^M-
or. and paid to the creditor by the clearing
office of the country of the creditor
656
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
(d) Debts shall be paid or credited in the
L-urrency of such one of the allied and asso-
ciated powers, their colonies or protectorates,
or the British dominions or India, as may be
concerned. If the debts are payable in some
other currency they shall be paid or credited
in the currency of the country concerned,
whether an allied or associated power, colony,
protectorate. British dominion or India, at the
prewar rate of exchange.
For the purpose of this provision the pre-
war rate of exchange shall be defined as the
average cable transfer rate prevailing in the
allied or associated country concerned during
the month immediately preceding the outbreak
of war between the said country concerned and
Austria-Hungary.
If a contract provides for a fixed rate of ex-
change governing the conversion of the cur-
rency in which the debt is stated into the cur-
rency of the allied or associated country con-
cerned, then the above provisions concerning
the rate of exchange shall not apply.
In the case of the new states of Poland and
the Czecho-Slovak state the currency in which
and the rate of exchange at which debts shall
be paid or credited shall be determined by the
reparation commission provided for in part
VIII.. unless they shall have been previously
settled by agreement between the states in-
(e) The provisions of this article and of the
annex hereto shall not apply as between Aus-
tria on the one hand and any one of the al-
lied and associated powers, their colonies or
protectorates, or any one of the British do-
minions or India, on the other hand, unless
within a period of one month from the de-
posit of the ratification of the present treaty
by the power in question, or of the ratification
on behalf of such dominion or of India, no-
tice to that effect is given to Austria by the
government of such allied or associated power
or of such dominion or of India as the case
may be.
(f) The allied and associated' powers which
have adopted this article and the annex here
to may agree between themselves to apply
them to their respective nationals established
in their territory so far as regards matters
between their nationals and Austrian nationals.
In this case the payments made by applica-
tion of this provision will be subject to ar-
rangements between the allied and associated
clearing- offices concerned.
Annex.
1. Each of the high contracting parties will,
within three months from the notification pro-
vided for in article 248. paragraph (e). estab-
lish a clearing office for the collection anc
payment of enemy debts.
Local clearing offices may be established for
any particular portion of the territories of the
high contracting parties. Such local clearing-
offices may perform all the functions of a.
central clearing office in their respective dis-
tricts, except that all transactions with the
clearing office in the opposing state must be
effected through the central clearing office.
2. In this annex the pecuniary obligations
referred to in the first paragraph of article
248 are described as "enemy debts." the per
sons from whom the same are due as enemy
debtors." the persons to whom they are due
as "enemy creditors." the clearing office in
the country of the creditor is called the
"creditor clearing office," and the clearing of
flee in the country of the debtor is called the
"debtor clearing office."
3. The high contracting parties will subjec
contraventions of paragraph (a) of articl<
248 to the same penalties as are at presen
provided by their legislation for trading with
the .enemy. They will similarly prohibit
within their territory all legal process relat
ing to payment of enemy debts, except in ac
cordance with the provisions of this annex.
4. The government guaranty specified in
paragraph (b) of article 248 shall take effect
whenever, lor any reason, a debt shall not be
ecoverable. except in a case where at the
ate of the outbreak of war the debt was
arred by the laws of prescription in force in
he country of the debtor, or where the debtor
was at that time in a state of bankrupcy or
"ailure or had given formal indication of in-
olvency. or where the debt was due by a
company whose business has been liquidated
under emergency legislation during the war. In
uch case the procedure specified by this annex
ihaJl apply to payment of the dividends.
The terms "bankruptcy" and "failure" re-
'er to the application of legislation providing
'or such Juridical conditions. The expression
•formal indication of insolvency" bears the
same meaning as it has in English law.
5. Creditors shall give notice to the creditor
clearing office within six months of its estab-
lishment of debts due to them, a.nd shall fur-
nish the clearing office with any documents
and information required of them.
The high contracting parties will take all
suitable measures to trace and punish collu-
sion between enemy creditors and debtors. The
clearing offices will communicate to one an-
other any evidence and information which
might help the discovery and punishment oi
euch collusion.
The high contracting parties will facilitate
as much as possible postal and telegraphic
communication at the expense of the parties
concerned and through the intervention of the
clearing offices between debtors and creditors
desirous of coming to an agreement as to
the amount of their debt.
The creditor clearing- office will notify the
debtor clearing office of all debts declared to
it. The debtor clearing office will, in due
course, inform the creditor clearing office
which debts are admitted and which debts are
contested. In the latter case the debtor clear-
ing office will give the grounds for the non-
admission of debt.
6. When a debt has been admitted, in whole
or in part, the debtor clearing office will at
once credit the creditor clearing office with
the amount admitted, and at the same time
notify it of such credit.
7. The debt shall be deemed to be admitted
in full and shall be credited forthwith to the
creditor clearing office unless within three
months from the receipt of the notification or
such longer time as may be agreed to by the
"itor clearing office notice has been given
__ the debtor clearing office that it is not
admitted.
8. When the whole or part of a debt is
not admitted the two clearing offices will ex-
amine into the matter jointly and
._ _.„ __ ... __ will en-
deavor to bring the parties to an agreement.
9. The creditor clearing office will pay to
the individual creditor the sums credited to
it out of the funds placed at its disposal by
the government of its country and in accord-
ance with the conditions fixed by the said
government, retaining any sums considered
necessary to cover risks, expenses or commis-
10.' Any person having claimed payment of
an enemy debt which is not admitted in
whole or in part shall pay to the clearing
office, by way of fine, interest at 5 per cent
on the part not admitted. Any person having
unduly refused to admit the whole or part
of a debt claimed from him shall pay. by
way of fine interest at 5 per cent on the
amount with regard to which his refusal
shall be disallowed.
Such interest shall run from the date of
expiration of the period provided for in para-
graph 7 until the date on which the claim
shall have been disallowed or the debt paid.
Each clearing office shall in so far as it is
concerned take steps to collect the finea
above provided for. and will be responsible if
such fines cannot be collected.
The fines will be credited to the other clear-
ing office, which shall retain them as a con-
tribution toward the cost of carrying out
the present provisions.
11. The balance between the clearing- offices
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
667
shall be struck monthly and the credit balance
paid in cash by the debtor state within a
Nevertheless, any credit balances which may
be due by one or more of the allied and as
sociated powers shall be retained until com
plete payment shall have been effected of the
sums due to the allied or associated powers
or their nationals on account of the war.
12. To facilitate discussion between the
clearirg1 offices each of them shall have a
representative at the place where the other
Is established.
13. Except for special reasons all discussions
in reg-ard to claims will, so far as possible.
take place .at the debtor clearing- office.
14. In conformity with article 248, para-
graph (b). the hig-h contracting- parties are
responsible for the payment of the enemy
debts owing- by their nationals.
The debtor clearing- office will therefore
credit the creditor clearing office with all
debts admitted, even in case of inability to
collect them from the individual debtor. The
governments concerned will, nevertheless, in-
vest their respective clearing1 offices with all
necessary powers for the recovery of debts
•which have been admitted.
15. Each government will defray, the ex-
penses of the clearing- office set UP in its ter-
ritory. including- the salaries of the staff.
16. Where the two clearing- offices are un-
able to a^ree whether a debt claimed is due,
or in case of a difference between an enemy
debtor and an enemy creditor or between the
clearing offices, the dispute shall either be
ref errea to arbitration if the parties so agree
under conditions fixed by agreement between
them, or referred to the mixed arbitral tribu-
nal provided for in section VI. hereafter.
At the request of the creditor cleariner office
the dispute may. however, be submitted to
the jurisdiction of the courts of the place of
domicile of the debtor. . ,
17. Recovery of sums found by the mixed
arbitral tribunal, the court or the arbitration
tribunal to be due shall be effected through
the. clearing1 offices as if these sums were debts
admitted by the debtor clearing office.
18. Each of the g-overnments concerned snail
appoint an agent who will be responsible for
the preservation of the mixed arbitral tribunal
of the cases conducted on behalf, of its clear-
ing1 office. This ag-ent will exercise a general
control over the representatives or counsel em-
ployed by its nationals.
Decisions will be arrived at on documentary
evidence, but it will be open to the tribunal
to hear the parties in person, or according- to
their preference by their representatives ap-
proved by the two g-overnments. or by the
a?ent referred to above, who shall be com-
petent to intervene along- with the party or to
reopen and maintain a claim abandoned by
19. The clearing- offices concerned will lay
before the mixed arbitral tribunal all the in-
formation and documents in their possession,
so as to enable the tribunal to decide rapidly
on thecases which are brousrht before it.
20. Where one of the parties concerned ap-
peals ag-a.inst the joint decision of the two
glaring- offices he shall make a deposit ag-ainst
e costs, which deposit shall only be refunded
when the first judgment is modified in favor
of the appellant and in proportion to the suc-
cess he may attain, his opponent in case of
such a refund being1 reauired to pay an equiv-
alent proportion of the costs and expenses. Se-
curity accepted by the tribunal may be substi-
tuted for a deposit.
A fee of 5 per cent of the amount in
8na.ll be charged in resnect of all cases
This fee shall, u
before the tribunal. ,
tribunal directs otherwise, be borne by t
unsuccessful party. Such fee, shall he add^d
to the dpposit referred to. It is also inde-
pendent of the security.
The tribunal may award to one of the parties
in respect of the expenses! of the pro-
mixf
of tl
Interest shall not be payable on sums of
money due by way of dividend, interest or
" •»«•'•*.'* wo *i \JMJ. C3J?itt*l,
.^o rate of interest shall be 5 per cent
per annum except in cases where, by contract
law or custom the creditor is entitled to pay-
ment of interest at a different rate. In such
Se^ail 6 t0 Which he ia ^titled shall
Interest shall run from the date of com-
mencement of hostilitiea (or, if the sum of
money to be recovered fell due durimr the
war from the date at which it fell duel un®
of /he6 credito'r. ^^^ to th« clearing- office
Suras due by 'way of interest shall be treated
as debts admitted by the clearing- office ami
shall be credited to the creditor clearing
office m the same way as such debts.
23. Where by decision of the clearing- offices
or the mixed arbitral tribunal a claim is held
not to fah within article 248 the creditor
*ore thl courts61"1? tO prosecute the clai™ **"
The presentation of a claim to the clearing
of any period
"3' £ne ^^.contracting- parties agree to re-
rard the decisions of the mixed arbitral
tribunal as final and conclusive, and to render
them binding- upon their nationals.
25. In any case where a creditor clearing1
office declines to notify a claim to the debtor
clearing- office, or to take any step provided for
in this annex intended to make effective in
whole or in part a request of which it has
received due notice, the enemy creditor shall
be entitled to receive from the clearing- office
a certificate setting- out the amount of the
cjaim and shall then be entitled to prosecute
the claim before the courts or to take such
other proceedings as may be open to him.
Section IV.— Property, Rights and Interests.
Article 24 9.
. The question of private property, rights and
interests in an enemy country shall be settled
according- to the principles laid down in this
section and to the provisions of the annex
hereto :
(a) The exceptional war measures and meas-
ures of transfer (defined in paragraph 3 of
the annex hereto) taken in the territory of the
former Austrian empire with respect to the
property, rights and interests of nationals of
allied or associated powers, including- com-
panies and associations in which they are in-
terested, when liquidation has not b°en com-
pleted, shnll be immediately discontinued or
stayed and the property, rights and interests
concerned restored to their owners.
(b) Subject to any contrary stipulations
which may be provided for in the present
ir.?aty. the allied and associated powers re-
serve the right to retain and liquidate all
aroperty, rights and interests which belong- at
;he dnte of the coming1 into force of the
present treaty to nationals of the former Au»-
;rian empire, or companies controlled bv them,
and are within the territories, colonies. ppB*
sessiors and protectorates of such powers (in-
cluding1 terril cries ceded to them by the '
658
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ent treaty) or are under the control of those
°rhe liquidation shall be carried out In ac-
cordance with the laws of the allied or as-
sociated state concerned and the owner shall
not be able to dispose of such property.
ri*hts or interests nor to subject them to any
charg-e without the consent of that state.
Persons who within six months of the com-
ing- into iorce of -he present treaty show that
they have acquired ipso facto in accordance
with its provisions the nationality of an al-
lied or associated power, including- those who
under article 72 or 76 obtain such nationality
with the congent of the competent authorities.
or who under articles 74 or 77 acquire such
national^ in virtue of previous Tights of
citizenship (pertinenza) will not be consid-
ered as nationals of the former Austrian em-
pire within the meaning- of this paragraph.
(c) The price or the amount of compensa^
tion in respect of the exercise of the right
referred to in para-graph (b) will be nxea in
with the methods of sale or valua-
timidopted by the laws of the country in
which the property has been retained or
liquidated. between the amed ^ associated
powers and their nationals on the one hand
and nationals of the former Austnan empire
on the other hand, as also between Austria on
the one hand and the allied and associated
powers and their nationals on the other hand.
all the exceptional war measures, or measures
of transfer, or acts done or to be done in ex-
ecution of such measures, as defined in Para-
graphs 1 and 3 of the annex hereto shall be
considered as final and binding upon, all pei>
sons except as resz
the reservations
down in the present treaty.
(e) The nationals of allied and associated
powers shall be entitled to compensation In
resoect of damage or injury inflicted unon
their property, rights or interests, including
any company or association in which they are
interested, in the territory of the former Aus-
trian empire, by the application either of the
exceptional war measures or measures of trans-
fer mentioned in paragraphs 1 and d of tne
annex hereto. The claims made in this resnect
bv such nationa-ls shall be investigated, and
tb.9 total of the compensation shall be de-
termined by the mixed arbitral tribunal pro-
vided for in section VI. or by an arbitrator
appointf-d by that tribunal. This compensa-
tion shall be borne by Austria, ttnd may be
charged upon the property of nationals of the
former Austrian empire, or companies con-
trolled by them, as defined in paragraph (b).
within the territory or under the control of the
claimant's state. This property may be con-
stituted as a pledge for enemy liabilities under
the conditions fixed by paragraph .4 of the an-
nex hereto. The payment of this compensar
tion may be made by the. allied or associated
state and the amount will be debited to Aus-
(f) Whenever a national of an allied or as-
sociated power is entitled to property which
has been subjected to a measure of transfer
in the territory of the former Austrian em-
pire and expresses a desire for its restitution,
his claim for compensation in accordance with
paragraph (e) shall be satisfied by the resti-
tution of the said property if it still exists in
specie.
In such case Austria shall take all necessary
steps to restore the evicted owner to the pos-
session of his property, free from all encum-
brancea or burdens with which it may have
been charged after the liquidation, and to in-
demnify all third parties injured by the resti-
tution.
If the restitution provided for in thig para-
graph cannot be effected, private agreements
arranged by the intermediation of the powers
concerned or the clearing offices provided for
in the annex to section III. may be made.
~3r to secure that the national of the
or associated power may secure com-
pensation for the injury referred to in para-
graph (e) by the grant of advantages or
equivalents which he agrees to accept in place
of the property, rights or interests of which
he was deprived.
Through restitution in accordance with this
article the price or the amount of com-
pensation fixed by the application of para-
graph (e) will be reduced by the actual value
of the property restored, account being taken
of compensation in respect of loss of use or
deterioration.
(g) The rights conferred by paragraph (f)
are reserved to owners who are nationals ot
allied or associated powers within whose ter-
ritory legislative measures prescribing the gen-
eral liquidation of enemy property, rights or
interests were not applied before the signature
of the armistice.
(h) Except in cases where, by application
of paragraph (f), restitutions in specie have
been made, the net proceeds of sales of enemy
property, rights or interests wherever situated
carried out either by virtue of war legisla-
tion, or by application of this article, and
in general all cash assets of enemies, othef
than proceeds of sales of property or cash
assets in allied or associated countries be-
longing to persons covered by the last sentence
of paragraph (b) above, shall be dealt with
as follows:
(1) As regards powers adopting section III.
and the annex .thereto, the said proceeds and
cssh assets shall be credited to the power of
which the owner is a national, through the
clearing office established thereunder: any cred-
it balance in favor of Austria resulting there-
from shall be d°alt with as provided in article
189 of part VIH. (Reparation) of the present
treaty.
III. and the" annex thereto, the proceeds of
[2) As regards powers not adopting section
the property, rights and interests, and the cash
assets, of the nationals of allied or associated
powers held by Austria shall be paid im-
mediately to the person entitled thereto or to
his government: the proceeds of the property,
rights and interests, and the cash assets, of
nationals of the former Austrian empire, or
companies controlled by them, as defined in
paragraph (b). received by an allied or as-
sociated power shall be subject to disposal
by such power in accord? nee with its laws
and regulations and may be applied in pay-
ment of the claims and debts defined by this
article or paragraph 4 of the annex here-
to. Any such property, rights and interests
or proceeds thereof or cash assets not used
f s above provided may be retained hv the said
allied or associated power, and if retained
the cash value thereof shall be dealt with
^s provided in article 189 of part VIH.
(Reparation) of the present treaty.
(i) Subject to the provisions of article 267.
in the case of liquidations effected in new
states, which are signatories of the present
treaty as allied and associated powers, or in
states which are not entitled to share in tT\e
reparation payments to be made ftr Austria,
the proceeds of lionida.tirins effected by such
state shall, subject to the rights of the repara-
tion commission under the present treaty, par-
- _ ._ i_._. — — . jection . _.
of this part, or an arbitrator appointed by that
tribunal, is satisfied that the conditions of the
sale or measures taken by the government of
the state in question outsido its general legis-
lation wero unfairly prejudicial to the price
obtained, they shall have discretion to award
to the owner equitable compensation to be paid
by that st^te.
(j) Austria undertakes to compensate her
nationals in respect of the sale or retention of
their property, righta or interests in allied or
associatpd states.
(k) The amount of all taxes or imno«t.s on
canit^l levied or to be levied by Austria on
!the property, rights and interests of the na-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
659
tionalg of the allied or associated powers from
Nov 3 1918. until three months from the
coming into force of the present treaty, or.
in the case of property, rights or interests
which have been subjected to exceptional
measures of war. until restitution in accord-
ance with the present treaty, shall be restored
to the owners.
Article 250.
Austria undertakes, with regard to the
property, rights and interests, including1 com-
panies and associations in which they were in-
terested, restored to nationals of allied and as-
eociated powers in accordance with the pro-
visions of article 249. paragraph (a) or (f) :
(a) to restore and maintain, except as ex-
pressly provided in the present treaty, the
property, rights and interests of the nationals
of allied or associated powers in the legal po-
sition obtaining in respect of the property,
nghta and interests of nationals of the for-
mer Austrian empire under the laws in force
before the war;
(b) not to subject the property, rigrhts or
interests of the nationals of the allied or as-
sociated powers to any measures in derpffatton
of property rigrhts which are not applied equal-
ly to the property, rigrhts and interests of Aus-
trian nationals, and to pay adequate compensa-
tion in the event of the application of these
measures.
of any act or omission with regard to his
property, rights or interests during the war
or in preparation for the war. Similarly no
claim or action shall be made or brought
against any person in respect of any act or
omission under or in accordance with the ex-
ceptional war measures, laws or regulations
of any a
war
llied
3. In article 24
sion "exception
or associated power.
and this annex the expres-
war measures" includes
1. In accordance with the provisions of
article 249. paragraph (d). the validity of
vesting orders and of orders for the winding
tip of businesses or companies, and of any oth-
er orders, directions, decisions or instructions
of any court or any department of the gov-
ernment of any of the high contracting
parties made or given, or purporting to be
made or given, in pursuance of war legisla-
tion with regard to enemy property, rights
and interests is confirmed. The interests of
all persons shall be regarded as having been
effectively dealt with by any order, direc-
tion, decision or instruction dealing with prop-
erty in which they may be interested, whether
or not such interests are specifically men-
tioned in the order, direction, decision or in-
struction. No question shall be raised as
to the regularity of a transfer of any prop-
erty, rights or interests dealt with in pur-
aurance of any such order, direction, decision
or instruction. Every action taken with re-
gard to any property, business or company,
whether as regards its investigation, sequestra-
tion, compulsory administration, use. requisi-
tion, supervision or winding up. the sale or
management of property, rights or interests,
the collection or discharge of debts, the pay-
ment of costs, charges or expenses, or any
other matter whatsoever, in pursuance of or-
ders, directions, decisions or instructions of
measures- of all kinds, legislative, administra-
tive, judicial or others, that have been taken
or will be taken hereafter with regard to ene-
my property, and which have had or will have
the effect of removing from the proprietors the
power of disposition over their property,
though without affecting the ownership, such.
as measures of supervision, of compulsory ad-
ministration, and of sequestration; or measures
which have had or will have as an object the
eizure of. the use of or the interference with
nemy assets, for whatsoever motive, under
whatsoever form or in whatsoever plaoe. Acts
n the execution of these measures include all
etentions. instructions, orders or decrees e*
overnment departments or courts applying
he?e mea.suires to enemy property, as well as
cts performed by any person connected with
he administration or the supervision of enemy
roperty. such a« the payment of debts, the
ollecting of credits, the payment of any costs,
harges or expenses or the collecting of fees.
Measures of transfer are those which have
ffected or will affect the ownership of enemy
>roperty by transferring it in whole or in part
o a person other than the enemy owner, and
without his consent, such as measures direct-
ng- the sale, liquidation or devolution of own-
ership in enemy property, or the canceling or
itles or securities.
4. All property, rights and interests of na-
ionals of the former Austrian empire within
ha territory of any allied or associated power
ind the net proceeds of their sale, liquidation
>r other dealing therewith may be charged
>y that allied or associated power in the first
place with payment of amounts due in respect
of claims by the nationals of that allaed or
associated power with regard to their proper-
,y. rights and interests, including companies
and associations in which they are interested
n territory of the former Austrian empire, or
debts owing to them by Austrian nationals, and
with payment of claims growing out of acts
committed bv the former Austro-Hmngarian
government or by any Austrian authorities
any court or of
eminent of any
department of the gpv-
the high contracting
parties, made or given, or purporting to be
made or given, in pursuance of war legis-
lation with regard to enemy property, rights or
interests, is confirmed. Provided that the
provisions of this paragraph shall not be
held to prejudice the titles to property here-
tofore acquired in g/ood faith and for value
and in accordance with the laws of the coun-
try in which the property is situated by na
als of the allied and associated powers.
tional
The provisions of this paragraph do not
apply to such of the above mentioned meas-
ures as have been taken by the former Aus-
tro-Hungarian government in invaded or oc-
cupied territory, nor to such of the above
mentioned measures as have been taken by
Austria or the Austrian authorities since Nov
3. 1918. all of which measures shall be void,
2. No claim shall be msde or broughl
against any allied or associated power or
against any person acting on behalf of or un
<3er the direction of any legal authority or
•flepartment of the government of such a power
by Austria or by any Austrian national or
"by or on behalf of any national of the formei
Austrian empire wherever resident in respec
since July
. .
or associated power ente
8. 1914. and before that allied
red into the war. The
amount of such claims may be assessed by an
arbitrator appointed by M, Gustave Adqr. if he
s willing, or if no such appointment is made
by him, by an arbitrator appointed by the
mixed arbitral tribunal provided for in sec-
tion VI. They may be charged in the second
place with payment of the amounts due in
respect of claims by the nationals of such
allied or associated power with regard to
their property, rights and interests in the ter-
ritory of other enemy powers, in so far as
those claims are otherwise unsatisfied.
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of article
249. where immediately before the outbreak
of war a company incorporated in an allied
or associated state had rights .in common with
a company controlled by it and incor
in Austria to the use of trade-marks
countries or enjoyed .the use in common
with siich company of unique means of re-
production of goods or articles for sale in
third countries, the former company ehall
alone have the right to use these trade-marks
in third countries to the exclusion of the
Austrian company, and thesp unique mepns
of reproduction shall be handed over ito the
former company, notwithstanding any action
taken under war legislation in force in the
Austro-Hungarian monarchy with regard to
the latter company or its business, industrial
property or shares. Nevertheless, the former
company, if requested shall deliver ,to the
latter company derivative copies permitting:
660
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
the continuation of reproduction of articles
lor use within Austrian territory.
6. UP to the time when restitution is car-
ried out in accordance with article 249. Aus-
tria is responsible for the conservation of
property, rights and interests of the nationals
of allied or associated powers, including- com-
panies and associations in which they are in-
terested, that have been subjected by her to
exceptional war measures.
7. Within one year from the coming into
force of the present treaty the allied or as-
sociated powers will specify the property,
rights and .interests over wmch they mtenu
to exercise the right provided in article 249.
u. *Js restitution provided in article 249
will be carried out by order of the Austrian
government or of the authorities which have
been substituted for it. Detailed accounts of
the action of administrators shall be fur-
nished to the interested persons by the Aus-
trian authorities upon request, which may be
made at any time after the coming into force
of the present treaty.
9. Until completion of the liquidation pro-
vided for by article 249, paragraph (b), the
property, rights and interests of the persons
referred to in that paragraph will continue
to be subject to exceptional war measures
that have been or will be taken with regard
to them
10. Austria will, within six months from
the coming into force of the present treaty,
deliver to each allied or associated power all
securities, certificates, deeds or other docu-
ments of title held by its nationals and re-
lating to property, rights or interests situ-
ated in the territory of that allied or associ-
ated power, including any shares, stock, de-
bentures, debenture stock or other obligations
of any company incorporated in accordance
with the laws of that power.
Austria will at any time on demand of any
allied or associated power furnish such in-
formation as may be required with regard
to the property, rights and interests of Aus-
trian nationals within the territory of such
allied or associated power, or with regard to
any transactions concerning such property,
rights or interests effected since July 1, 1914.
11. The expression "cash assets" includes all
deposits or funds established before or after
the existence of a state of war. as well as
all assets coming from deposits, revenues or
profits collected by administrators, sequestra-
tors or others from funds placed on deposit
or otherwise, but does not include sums be-
lorging to the allied or associated powers or
to their component states, provinces or mu-
nicipalitiesi.
12. All investments wheresoever effectec
with the cash assets of nationals of the high
(Contracting parties, including companies and
associations in which such nationals were in
terested. by persons responsible for the ad
ministration of enemy properties or having
control over such administration, or by order
of such persons or of any authority whatso
ever, shall be annulled. These cash assets
shall be accounted for irrespective of any such
investment.
13. Within one month from the coming into
force of the present treaty, or on demand a
any time. Austria will deliver to the alliet
and associated powers all accounts, vouchers
records, documents and information of an:
kind which may be within Austrian terri
tory .and which concern the property, right
and interests of the nationals of those pow
ers. including companies and associations in
which they are interested, that have been sub
jected to an exceptional war measure, or to
measure of transfer either in the territory o
the former Austrian empire or in territory oc
cumed by that empire or its allies.
The controllers, supervisors, managers, ad
ministrators. sequestrators, liquidators and re
eeivers shall be personally responsible unde
guaranty of the Austrian government lo
he immediate delivery in full of these ac-
ounto and documents, and for their accuracy.
14. Ihe provisions of article 249 and this
nnex relating to property, rights and inter-
sts in an enemy country, and the proceeds
f the liquidation thereof, apply to debts,
redits and accounts, section III. regulating
nly the method of payment.
In the settlement of matters provided for
n article 24y between Austria and the allied
r associated powers, their colonies or prqtec-
orates. or any one of the British dominions
r India, in respect of any of which a declara-
ion shall not have been made that they adopt
ection III. and between their respective na-
ionals the provision of section III. respecting
he currency in which payment is to be made
nd the rate of exchange and of interest shall
,pply unless the government of the allied or
ssociated power concerned shall within six
months of the coming into force of the pres-
nt treaty notify Austria that one or more
if the said provisions are not to be applied.
15. The provisions of article 249 and this
mnex apply to industrial, literary and artistic
woperty which has been or will be dealt with
n the liquidation of property, rights, in-
erests. companies or businesses under war
egislation by the allied or associated powers,
r in accordance with the stipulations of
article 249. paragraph (b) .
ection V. — Contracts, Prescriptions, Judgments.
Article 251.
(a) Any contract concluded between en-
emies shall be regarded as having been dis-
olved as from the time when any two of
he parties became enemies, except in re-
spect of any debt or other pecuniary obliga-
tion arising out of any act done or money
>aid thereunder and subject to the excep-
;ions and special rules with regard to particul-
ar contracts or classes of contracts contained
lerein or in the annex hereto.
(b) Any contract of which the execution
shall be required in the general interest, with-
n six months from the date of the coming1
nto force of the present treaty, by the gov-
ernment of the allied or associated power of
which one of the parties is a national, shall
t>e excepted from • dissolution under thi&
article.
When the execution of the contract thxi»
kept alive would, owing to the alteration of
trade C9nditions. cause one of the parties
substantial prejudice the mixed arbitral
tribunal provided for by section VI. shall be
empowered to grant to the prejudiced party
equitable compensation.
(c) Having regard to the provisions of the
constitution and law of the United States of
America, of Brazil, and of Japan, neither the
present article, nor article 252, nor the annex
hereto shall apply to contracts made between
nationals of these states and nationals of the
former Austrian empire: nor shall article 257
apply to the United States of America or ita
nationals.
and the annex
(d) The present article __
hereto phall not apply to contracts the parties
to which became enemies by reason of one
of them being an inhabitant of territory of
which the sovereignty has been transferred,
if such party shall acquire unde^ the present
treaty the nationality of an allied or asso-
ciated power, nor shall they apnly to con-
tracts between nationals of the allied and as-
sociated powers between whom trading has
been prohibited by reason of one of the
parties being in allied or associated territory
in the occupation of the enemy.
(e) Nothing in the present article or the
annex hereto shall be deemed to invalidate
a transaction lawfully carried out in accord-
ance with a contract between enemies if it
baa b^en carripd out with the authority of
one of the belligerent powers.
Article 252.
(a) All periods of prescription, or limita-
tion of right of action, whether they began to
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
661
run before or after the outbreak of war. shall
be treated in the territory of the high con-
tracting: parties, so far as regards relations
between enemies, as having been suspended
for the duration of the war. They shall begin
to run again at earliest three months after
the coming into force of the present treaty.
This provision shall apply to the period pre-
scribed for the presentation of interest or
dividend coupons or for the presentation for
repayment of securities drawn for repayment
or repayable on any other ground.
(b) Where, on account of failure to per-
form any act or comply with any formality
during1 the war, measures of execution have
been taken in the territory of the former Aus-
trian empire to the prejudice of a national
of an allied or associated power, the claim
of such national shall, if the matter does not
fall within the competence of the courts of
an allied or associated power, be heard by
the mixed arbitral tribunal provided lor by
section VI.
(c) Upon the application of any interested
person who is a national of an allied or asso-
ciated power the mixed arbitral tribunal shall
older the restoration of the rights which have
betn prejudiced by the measures of execution
referred to in paragraph (b). wherever, having-
regard to the particular circumstances 01 the
case, such restoration is equitable and possible.
If such restoration is inequitable or impossi-
ble the mixed arbitral tribunal may grant
compensation to the prejudiced party to be
paid by the Austrian government.
(d) Where a contract between enemies has
been dissolved by reason either of failure on
the part of either party to carry out its provi-
sions or of the exercise of a right stipulated
in the contract itself the party prejudiced may
apply to the mixed arbitral tribunal for re-
lief. The tribunal will have the powers pro-
vided for in paragraph (c).
(e) The provisions of the preceding; para-
Jjphs of this article shall apply to the na-
mals of allied and associated powers who
ve been prejudiced by reason of measures
referred to above taken by the authorities of
the former Austrian R-overnment in invaded
or occupied territory, if they (have not been
otheiwise compensated.
(f) Austria shall compensate any third party
•who may be prejudiced by any restitution or
restoration ordered by the mixed arbitral
tribunal under the provisions of the preceding-
paragraphs of this article.
(g) As regards negotiable instruments, the
period of three months provided under para-
graph (a) shall commence as from the date
on which any exceptional regulations applied
in the territories of the interested power with
regard to negotiable instruments shall have
definitely ceased to hare force.
Article 255.
A.-3 between enemies no negotiable instru-
ment made before the war shall be deemed to
have become invalid by reason only of failure
within the required time to present the instru-
ment for acceptance or payment or to give
notice of nonacceptance or nonpayment to
drawers or indorsers or to protest the instru-
ment, nor by reason of failure to complete
any formality during- the war.
Where the period within which a negotiable
instrument should have been presented for ac-
ceptance or for payment, or within which
notice of ncnacceptance or nonpayment should
have been given to the drawer or indorser. or
•within which the instrument should have been
protested, has elapsed during1 the war. and the
party who should have presented or protested
the instrument or have given notice of nonac-
ceptance or nonpayment has failed to do so
during the war. a period of not less than
three months from the coming into force of
the present treaty shall be allowed within
which presentation, notice of nonacceptance or
nonpayment or protest may be made.
Article 254.
Judgments given by the courts of an allied
or associated power in all cases which, under
the present treaty, they are competent to de-
cide, shall be recognized in Austria as final,
and shall be enforced without its being- neces-
sary to have them declared executory.
If a judgment or measure of execution in
respect of any dispute which may have arisen
has been eiven during- the war by a judicial
authority of the former Austrian empire
ag-ainst a national of an allied or associated
power, or a company or association in which
one of such nationals was interested, in a
case in which either such national or such
company or association was not able to make
their defense, the allied and associated national
who has suffered prejudice thereby shall be en-
tilled to recover compensation to be fixed by
the mixed arbitral tribunal provided for in
At the instance of the national of the allied
or associated power the compensation above
mentioned may. upon order to that effect of
the mixed arbitral tribunal, be effected where
it is possible by replacing- the parties in the
situation which they occupied before th»
judgment was given by the Austrian court.
The above compensation may likewise be
obtained before the mixed arbitral tribunal
by the nationals of allied or associated pow-
e-s who have suffered prejudice by judicial
measures taken in invaded or occupied tern-
torie-?. if they have not been otherwise com-
pensated.
Article 255.
For the purpose of sections HI.. IV.. V. and
VII., the expression "during the war" means
for each allied or associated power the period
between the commencement of the state of
war between that power and the former Aue-
tro-Huns-arian monarchy and the coming- into
force of the present treaty.
Annex I.— General Provisions.
1. Within the meaning of articles 251. 252
and 253 the parties to a contract shall be re-
grarded as enemies when trading between them
shall have been prohibited by or otherwise
became unlawful under laws, orders or retru-
lations to which one of those parties was sub-
ject. They shall be deemed to have become
enemies from the date when such trading was
prohibited or otherwise became unlawful
2. The following classes of contracts are ex-
cepted from dissolution by article 251 and,
without prejudice to the rig-hts contained ii
article 249 (b) of section IV., remain i
force subject to the application of domestic
laws orders or regulations made during the
war by the allied and associated powers and
subject to the terms of the contracts:
(a) Contracts having for their object the
transfer of estates or of real or personal
property where the property therein had
passed or the. object had been delivered be-
fore the parties became enemies;
(b) Leases and agreements for leases of
land and houses:
(c) Contracts of mortgage, pledg-e. or lien;
(d) Concessions concerning mines, quarries
or deposits;
(e) Contracts between individuals or com-
panies and states, provinces, municipalities, or
other .similar juridical persons charged with
dmmistrative functions, and concessions
granted by states, provinces, municipalities
or other similar- juridical persons charged with
administrative functions.
3 If the provisions of a contract are in
part dissolved under article 251. the remain-
ing provisions of that contract shall, sub-
ject, to the same application of domestic laws
as is provided for in paragraph 2. continue
in force if they are severable. but where they
are not severable the contract shall be deemed
to have been dissolved in its entirety.
II-— Provisions Relating to Certain Classes of
Contracts. Stock Exchange and Commer-
cial Exchange Contracts.
4. (a) Rules made during the war by any
recognized exchange or commercial association
providing- for the closure of contracts entered
663
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
into before the war by an enemy are con-
firmed by the high contracting parties, as also
any action taken thereunder, provided:
(i.) That the contract was expressed to be
made suoject to the rules of the exchange or
association in question;
(ii.) That the rules applied to all persons
concerned;
(iii.) That the conditions attaching to the
closure were fair and reasonable.
(b) The preceding paragraph shall not ap-
ply to rules made during the occupation by
exchanges or commercial associations in the
districts occupied by the enemy.
(c) The closure of contracts relating to cot-
ton "futures." which were closed as on July
31. 1914. under the decision of the Liver-
pool Cotton association is also corifirmed.
Security.
6. The sale of a security held for an un-
paid debt owing by an enemy shall be deemed
to have been valid irrespective of notice to
the owner if the creditor acted in good iaith
and with reasonable care and prudence and no
claim by the debtor on the ground oi such
sale shall be admitted.
This stipulation shall not apply to any sale.
of securities, effected by an enemy during the
occupation in regions invaded or occupied oy
the enemy.
Negotiable Instruments.
6. As regards powers which adopt section
HI. and the annex thereto the pecuniary ob-
ligations existing between enemies .and result-
ing from the issue of negotiable instruments
shall be adjusted in conformity with the said
annex by the instrumentality of the clearing
offices which shall assume the rights oi the
holder as regards the various remedies open to
him.
7. If a person has either before or dur-
ing the war become liable upon a negotiable
instrument in accordance with an undertaking
given to him by a person who has subsequent-
ly become an enemy, the latter shall remain
liable to indemnify the former in respect of
his liability notwithstanding the outbreak of
war.
HI.— Contracts of Insurance.
8. Contracts of insurance entered into by
any person with another person who subse-
quently became an enemy will be dealt with
in accordance with the following paragraphs:
Fire Insurance.
9. Contracts for the insurance of property
against fire entered into by a person interest-
ed in such property with another person who
subsequently became an enemy shall not be
deemed to have been dissolved by the out-
break of war. or by the fact of the person
becoming an enemy, or on account of the
failure during1 the war and for a period, of
three months thereafter to perform his obliga-
tions under the contract, but they shall be
dissolved at the date when the annual pre-
mium becomes payable for the first time
after the expiration of a period of three
months after the coming into force of the
A settlement shall be effected of unpaid pre-
miums which became due during the war or of
claims for losses which occurred during the
10. Where by administrative or legislative
action an insurance against fire effected before
the war has been transferred during the war
from the original to another insurer, the
transfer will be recognized and the liability
of the original insurer will be deemed to have
ceased as from the date of the transfer. The
original insurer will, however, be entitled to
receive on demand full information as to the
terms of the transfer, and if it should ap-
pear that these terms were not equitable they
shall be amended so far as may be necessary
to render them equitable.
Furthermore, the insured shall, subject to
the concurrence of the orginal insurer, be en-
titled to transfer the contract to the original
insurer as from the date of the demand.
Life Insurance.
11. Contracts of life insurance entered into
between an insurer and a person who subee-
auentLv became an enemy shall not be deemed
to have been dissolved by the outbreak of war
or by the fact of the 'person becoming an
enemy.
Any sum which during the war became due
upon a contract deemed not to have been dis-
solved under the preceding provision shall be
recoverable alter the war with the addition
of interest at 5 per cent per annum from the
date of its becoming due up to the day of
payment.
Wheire the contract has lapsed during the war
owiner to nonpayment of premiums or has be-
come void from breach of the conditions of the
contract, the assured or his representatives or
the persons entitled shall have the right at any
time within twelve months of the coming into
force of the present treaty to claim, from the
insurer the surrender value of the policy at
the date of its lapse or avoidance.
Where the contract has lapsed during the
waa1 owing to nonpayment of premiums the
payment of which has been prevented by the
enforcement of measures of war. the assured
or his representative or the persons entitled
shall have the right to restore the contract o»
payment of the premiums with interest at 6
per cent per annum within three months from
the coming into force of the present treaty.
12. Where contracts of life insurance have
been entered into by a local branch of an in-
surance company established in a country
which subsequently became an enemy country,
the contract shall, in the absence of any stipu-
lation to the contrary in the contract itself,
be governed by the local law. but the insurer
shall be entitled to demand from the insured
or his representatives the refund of sums paid
on claims made or enfprced under measures
taken during the war. if the making or en-
forcement of such claims was not in accord-
ance with the terms of the contract itself or
was not consistent with the laws or treaties
existing at the time when it was entered into.
13. In any case where by the law applicable
to the contract the insurer remains bound by
the contract notwithstanding" the nonpayment
of premiums until notice is given to the in-
of the termination of the contract, he
shall be entitled where the giving of such no-
tice was prevented by the war, to recover the
unpaid premiums with interest at 6 per cent
per annum from the insured.
14. Insurance contracts shall be considered
as contracts of ., life assurance for the purpose
of paragraphs 11 to 13 when they depend on
the probabilities of human life combined with
the rate of interest for the calculation of the
reciprocal engagements between the two par-
ties.
Marine Insurance.
15. Contracts of marine insurance including
time policies and voyage policies entei'ed into
between an insurer and a person who subse-
quetly became an enemy shall be deemed to
have been dissolved on his becoming an enemy,
except in cases where the risk undertaken in
the contract had attached before he became an
enemy.
Where the risk had not attached, money
paid by way of premium or otherwise snail
be recoverable from the insurer.
Where the risk had attached effect shall be
given to the contract notwithstanding the
party becoming an enemy, and sums due un-
der the contract either by way of premiums
or in respect of losses shall be recoverable
after the coming into force of the present
treaty.
In the event of any agreement being come
to for the payment of interest on sums due
before the war to or by the nationals of
states which have been at war and recovered
after the war. such interest shall in the case
of losses recoverable under contracts of marine
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
663
Insurance run from the expiration of a period
of one year from the date of the loss.
16. No contract of marine insurance with an
insured person who subsequently became an
en-m.v shall be deemed to cover losses due to
belligerent action by the power of which the
insurer was a national or by the allies or
associates of such power.
17 Where it is shown that a person who
had before the war entered into a contract
of marine insurance with an insurer who sub-
sequently became an enemy entered after the
outbreak of war into a new contract covering
the same risk with an insurer who was not
an enemy, the new contract shall be deemed
to be substituted for the original contract as
from the date when it was entered into and
the premiums payable shall be adjusted on, the
basis of the original insurer having remained
liable on the contract only up till the time
when the new contract was entered into.
Other Insurances.
18. Contracts of insurance entered into be-
fore the war between an insurer and a person
who subsequently became an enemy, other than
contracts dealt with in paragraphs 9 to 17,
shall be treated in all respects on the same
looting as contracts of fire insurance between
the same persons would be dealt with under
the said paragraphs.
Reinsurance.
19. All treaties of reinsurance with a person'
who became an enemy shall be regarded as
having been abrogated by the person becoming
an enemy, but without prejudice in the case
of life or marine risks which had attached
before the war to the right to recover pay-
ment after the war for sums due in respect
of such risks.
Nevertheless, if. owing- to invasion, it has
been impossible for the reinsured to find an-
other reinsurer, the treaty shall remain in
force until three months after the coming
into force of the present treaty.
Where a reinsurance treaty becomes void
tinder this paragraph, there shall be an ad-
justment of accounts between the parties in
respect both of premiums paid and payable
and of liabilities for losses in respect of life
or marine risks which had attached before the
war. In the case of risks other than those
mentioned in paragraphs 11 to 17 the adjust-
ment of accounts shall be made as at the
date of the parties becoming enemies without
regard to claims for losses which may have
occurred since that date.
20. The provisions of the preceding para-
graph will extend equally to reinsurances, ex-
isting at the date of the parties becoming
enemies, of particular risks undertaken by the
insurer in a contract of insurance against any
risks other than life or marine risks.
21. Reinsurance of life risks effected by par-
ticular contracts and not under any general
treaty remain in force
22. In case of a reinsurance effected before
the war of a contract of marine insurance,
the cession of a risk which had been cefled to
the reinsurer shall, if it had attached before
the outbreak of war, remain valid and effect
be riven to the contract notwithstanding the
outbreak of war; sums due und<r the con-
tract of reinsurance in respect either of pre-
miums or of losses shall be recoverable after
wSf'fiF1? D/ovisj°nf of paragraphs 16 and 17
and the last part of para^aph 15 shall apply
to contracts for the reinsurance of marine
rlSKB.
Section VI.— Mixed Arbitral Tribunal.
Article 256.
(a) Within three months from the coming
into force of the present treaty, a mixed
arbitral tribunal shall be established between
each of the allied and associated powers on
the one hand and Austria on the other hand.
Eech such tribunal shall consist of three
members. Each of the governments concerned
shall appoint one of these members. The
president shall be chosen by agreement be-
tween the two governments concerned.
In case of failure to reach agreement, the
president of the tribunal and two other per-
sons, either of whom may in case of need
take his place, shall be chosen by the council
of the league of nations, or. until this is set
up. by M. Gustave Ador if he is willing.
These persons shall be nationals of powers
that have remained neutral during the war.
If in case there is a vacancy a government
does not proceed within a period of one
month to appoint as provided above a mem-
ber of the tribunal, such member shall be
chosen by the other government from the two
persons mentioned above other than the presi-
The decision of the majority of the members
of the tribunal shall be the decision of the
tribunal.
(b) The mixed arbitral tribunals estal
lis.hed pursuant to .paragraph (a) shall "
In addition, all questions whatsoever their
nature, relating to contracts concluded before
tne coming into force of the present treaty
between nationals of the allied and associat-
ed powers and Austrian nationals shall be
decided by the mixed arbitral tribunal always
excepting questions which, under the laws of
the allied, associated or neutral powers, are
within the jurisdiction of the national courts
of those powers. Such questions shall be de-
cided by the national courts in question to
the exclusion of the mixed arbitral tribunal
The party who is a national of an allied
or associated .power may. nevertheless, briny
the case before the mixed arbitral tribunal
IL&'JU 1S not Prohibited by the laws of his
ber of cases justifies it. ad-
shall be appointed and each
ibunal shall sit in divisions.
as~above "*"'TO vUvlsrons Wl11 be constituted
(d) Each mixed arbitral tribunal will settle
•\ta own . procedure excent in so far as i
country.""
(c) If the number
ditional members "
mixed arbitral triuunai sna;
Each of these divisions w
costs and ex-
(e) Eaoh government will ,pay the reirmner
ation of the .member of the mixed a?bi?ral
tribunal appointed by it and of any agent
whom it may appoint to represent it before
the tnbijnal The remuneration of the pres-
ident will be determined by special agree-
ment between the governments concerned- and
In IS TPTrmrmT*a tir»™ o«y1 +!-.« i«i_A
ernments in equal moieties
n.i! Tne *gh contracting parties agree that
their courts and authorities sh*ll render to
the mixed . arbitral tribunals direct all the
assistance in . their power, particularly as re-
gards transmitting notices and collecting evi-
^5^ ^P16 l}*8^ .contracting parties agree to re-
PHT^OI de£isipns of the mixed arbitral
SSPHiS a£-fi7?al and conclusive, and to ren-
der them binding upon their nationals.
Annex.
+^, Sn°uld one of the members of the
tribunal either die. retire or be unable for
any reason whatever to discharge his func-
tions the same procedure will be followed
niing the vacancy as was followed for
appointing him.
2. The tribunal may adopt such rules of
Procedure as shall be in accordance with jus-
V* £!&.*"% and deride the ordpr and time
at which each party must conclude it* argu-
ments, and may arrange all formalities re-
QUired for dealing with the evidence.
3. The agent and ceunsel of the parties on
each side are authorized to present orally and
in wntinsr to the tribunal arguments in SUID-
t>ort or in defense of each case.
664
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
4 The tribunal shall keep record of the
Questions and cases submitted and the pro- ;
ceedings hereon. with the dates of »uch pro-
ceeding's.
5. Each of the powers concerned may ap-
point a secretary. These secretaries shall act
tog-ether as joint secretaries of the tribunal
and shall be subject to its direction. The
tribunal may appoint and employ .any. other
necessary officer or officers to assist in the
performance of its duties.
6. The tribunal shall decide all questions
and matters submitted upon such evidence
and information as may be furnished by the
parties concerned.
7. The high contracting- parties agree to give
the tribunal all facilities and information re-
Quired by it for carrying out its investigations.
8. The language in which the proceedings
ehall be conducted shall, unless otherwise
agreed, be English. French. Italian or Japa-
nese. as may be determined by the allied or
associated power concerned.
9. The place and time for the meetings of
each tribunal shall be determined by the pres-
ident of the tribunal.
Article 257.
Whenever a competent court has given or
gives a decision in a case covered by sections
II.. IV.. V. or VII., and such decision is in-
consistent with the provisions of suck sections.
the party who is prejudiced by thj decision
shall be entitled to obtain redress which
shall be fixed by the mixed arbitral tribunal.
At the reauest of the national of an allied or
associated power, the redress may. whenever
possible, be effected by the mixed arbitral
tribunal's directing. .the replacement of the
parties in the position occupied by them be-
lore the judgment was given by the court
of the former Austrian empire.
Section VII .—Industrial Property.
Article &68.
Subject to the stipulations of the present
treaty, rights of industrial, literary and ar-
tistic property, as such property is defined
,
the international conventions of Pans and
, 237 and 239.
shall be re-established or restored, as from
Berne, mentioned in articles 237 a
the coming- into force of the present treaty.
in the territories of the high contracting
parties, in favor of the persons entitled to
the benefit of them at the moment when the
etate of war commenced, or their legal rep-
resentatives. Equally, rights which except for
the war. would have been acquired curing- tne
war in consequence of an application made
for the protection of industrial property, or
the publication of a literary or artistic work.
shall be recognized and established in favor
of those persons who would have been en-
titled thereto, from the coming- into force of
the present treaty.
Nevertheless, all acts done by virtue of the
especial measures taken during the .war under
legislative executive or administrative author-
ity of any allied or associated power in re-
gard to the rights of nationals of the former
Austrian empire in industrial, literary or ar-
tistic property shall remain . in force and
ehall continue to maintain their full effect.
No claim shall be made or action broug-ht t>y
Austria or Austrian nationals or by or on be-
half of nationals of the former Austrian em-
pire in respect of the use during- the war by
the g-overnment of any allied or associated
power or by any persons acting on behalf or
with the assent of such g-overnment of any
rights in industrial, literary or artistic prop-
erty. nor in respect of the sale, offering1 for
Bale or use of any products, articles or appa-
ratus whatsoever to which such rig-hts applied.
Unless the legislation of any one of the al-
lied or associated powers in force at the mo-
ment of the signature of the present treaty
otherwise directs, sums due or paid in respect
of the property of persons referred to in ar-
ticle 249 (b) and in virtue of any act or
operation resulting from the execution of the
special measures mentioned in the second Par*
agraph of this article shall be dealt with in
the same way as other sums due to such per-
sons are directed to be dealt with by th«
present treaty; and euros produced by any
special measures taken by the government of
the former Austrian empire in respect of rights
in industrial, literary or artistic property be-
longing to the nationals of the allied or as-
sociated, powers shall be considered and treat-
in the same way as other debts due from
Austrian nationals.
Each of the allied and associated powers re-
serves to itself the right to impose such limita-
tions, conditions or .restrictions on rights of
industrial, literary or artistic property (with
the exception of trade-marks) acquired before
or during the war, or which may be subse-
quently acquired in accordance with its legis-
lation, by Austrian nationals, whether by
granting licenses, or by the working, or by
preserving- control over their exploitation, or
in any other way. as may be considered neces-
sary for national defense, or in the public in-
terest, or for assuring the fair treatment by
Austria of the rights of industrial, literary and
avtistic property held in Austrian territory by
its nationals, or for securing the due fulfil-
ment of all obligations undertaken by Austria
in the present treaty. As regards rights of in-
dustrial, literary <and artistic property acquired
after the coming- into force of the present
treaty, the right so reserved by the allied and
associated powers shall only be exercised in
cases where these limitations, conditions or [re-
strictions may be considered necessary for na-
ional defense or in the public interest.
In the event of the application of the pro*
visions of the preceding paragraph by any al-
"ied or associated power, there shall be paid
reasonable indemnities or royalties, which ehall
bo dealt with in the same way as other sums
due to Austrian nationals are directed to be
dealt with by the present treaty.
Each of the allied or associated powers re-
serves the right to treat as void and of no
effect any transfer in whole or in part of or
other dealing with rights of or in respect -of
industrial, literary, or artistic property effect-
ed after July 28. 1914. or in future which
would have the result of defeating the objects
Of the provisions of this article.
The provisions of this article shall not apply-
to rights in industrial, literary or artistic
property which have been dealt with in the
liquidation of businesses or companies under
war legislation by the allied or associated pow-
ers, or which may be so dealt with by virtud
of article 249, paragraph (b).
Article 259.
A minimum of one year after the coming-
treaty
ll be ac-
into force of the present
corded to the nationals of the high contracting:
parties, without extension fees or other pen-
alty, in order to enable such persons to accom-
plish any act. fulfill any formality, pay any
fees, and generally satisfy any obligation pre-
scribed by the laws or regulations of the re-
spective states relating to the obtaining, pre-
serving. or opposing rights to. or in respect
of, industrial property either acquired before
July 28, 1914, or which, except for the war,
might have been acquired since that date as a
result of an application made before the war
or during its continuance, but nothing in this
article shall give any right to reopen inte
ence proceedings in the United States of Amer-
ica where a final hearing has taken place.
All rights in, or in respect of, such prop-
erty whidh may have lapsed by reason of any
failure to accomplish any act, fulfill any for-
mality. or make any payment, shall revive, but
subject in the case of patents and designs to
the imposition of such conditions as each al-
lied or associated power may deem reasonably
necessary for the protection of persona who
have manufactured or made use of the IUD»
ject matter of such property while the rights
had lapsed. Further, where rights to patents
or designs belonging to Austrian nationals are
revived under this article, they shall be sub-
ject in respect of the grant of license* to the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
665
same provisions as would have been ap-
plicable to them during the war, as well as to
all the provisions of the present treaty.
The period from July 28. 1914. until the
coming into force of the present treaty shall
be excluded in considering the time within
which a patent should be worked or trade-
mark or design used, and it is further agreed
that no patent, registered trade-mark or de-
sign in force on July 28. 1914. shall be sub-
ject to revocation or cancellation by reason
only of the failure to work such patent or
use such trade-mark or design for two yeara
after the coming into force of the present
treaty. Article 260.
The rights of priority provided by article IV.
oi the international convention for the pro-
tection of industrial property of Paris of
March 20. 1883. revised at Washington in
1911 or by any other convention or statute,
for the filing or registration of applications
for patents or models of utility, and for the
registration of trade-marks, designs and mod-
els which had not expired on July 28. 1914,
and those which have arisen during the war.
or would have arisen but for the war. shall
be extended by each of the high contracting
parties in favor of all nationals of the other
high contracting parties for a period of eix
months after the coming into force of the
present treaty.
Nevertheless, such extension shall in no way
affect the right of any of the high contracting
parties or oi any person who before tne com-
ing into force of the present treaty was bona
fide in possession of any nghts of industna]
property conflicting with rights applied for
by another who claims rights of .priority in
respect of them, to exercise such nghts by it-
self or himself personally,, or. by such agents
or licensees as derived their nghts from it 01
him before the coming into force of the pres-
ent treaty: and such persons shall not be
amenable to any action or other process of
law in respect of infringement.
Article 261.
or by persons residing or carrying on business
within the territory of that empire on the one
part, and on the other part by persons residing
or carrying on business in the territory of the
allied or associated powers, or persons who
are nationals of such powers respect- vely. or
by any one deriving title dunng the. war from
such persons, by reason of any action which
has taken place within the terntory of the
other party between the date of the exist
ence of a state of war and that of the com
ing into force of the .present treaty, which
might constitute an mfn-ngemerit of the nghti
of industrial property or nghts of literary and
artistic property, either existing at any timr
during the war or revived under the pro
visions of articles 259 and 260.
Eaually no action for infringement of in
dustrial. literary or artistic ; property rierhts by
such persons shall at any t^me be permissibl
in repect oi the sale or offering for sale for
period oi one year after the sie-nat.ure of th
present treaty in the temtories of the allied o
associated powers on the one hand or Austn
on the other, of products or articles manufac
tured. or of literary or artistic works pufo
lished during- the period between the existence
oi a state of war and the signature of th
present treaty, or against those who have ac
auired and continue to use them. .Tt is un
derstood. nevertheless, that this provision ehal
not aonlv when the possessor of the rights w.at
domiciled or had an industrial or commeraa
establishment in the districts occupied by th
Austro-Hunfi-arian armies durine the war.
This article .shall not apply as between th
United States of America on the one hand anx
Austria on the other.
Article 263.
Licenses in respect of industrial, literary o
artistic property concluded before the war be-
eU"'
_ nationals of the allied or associated
owers or persons residing in their territory or
arrying on business therein, on the one Dart,
nd nationals of the former Austrian empire.
~.e other part, shall be considered aft can-
as from the date of the existence of a
tate of war between the former Austro-Hun-
arian monarchy and the allied or associated
owers. But. in any case, the former bene-
Lciary of a contract of this bind shall have
he nerht. within a period of six months after
he coming into force of the present treaty.
- demand from the proprietor of tho ri*rht»
e grant of a new license, the conditions of
which, in default of agreement between the
>arties. shall be fixed by the duly Qualified
ribunal in the country under whose lesnsla-
;ion the rights had been acauired. except in
he case of licenses held in respect of risrhts
acquired, under the law of the former Austrian
empire. In such cases the conditions shall be
ixed by the mixed arbitral tribunal referred
o in section VI of this part. The tribunal
may. if necessary, fix al&o the amount which
t may deem iust should be paid by reason of
he use of the rights during- the war.
No license in respect of industrial, literary
or artistic property granted under the special
war legislation of any allied or associated
power shall be affected by the continued ex-
stence of any license entered into before the
war. but shall remain valid and oi lull effect,
and a license so granted to the former bene-
ficiary of a license entered into before t&e war
ibe considered as substituted for euch li-
cense. • *-*»
Where sums have been paid during the war
n respect of the rights of persona referred to
in article 249 (b) and by virtue oi a license
or agreement concluded before the war in re-
spect of rights of industrial property or lor
reproduction or the representation of literary,
dramatic or artistic works, these sums shall
be dealt with in the same manner aa other
loots or credits oi such, loeraons as provided
by the present treaty.
This article shall not apcly as between the
United States of America on the one hand and
Austria on the other.
Section VIII.— Special Provisions Relating to
Transferred Territory.
Article S6S.
Of the individuals and Juridical persons "pre-
viously nationals of the former Austrian em-
pire, including Bosnia-Herzesrovinians. those
who acauare is>so facto under the present
treaty the nationality of an allied or associated
power are designated in the provisions which
follow by the expression "nationals of the
former Austrian empire"; the remainder are
designated by the expresson '_' Austrian _na£
tionala.1* * >
Article 26}.
The inhabitants of territories transferred by
virtue of the present treaty shall, notwith-
standing this transfer and the change of na-
tionality conseauent thereon, continue to en-
joy in Austria all the rie-hts in industrial, lit-
erary and artistic property to which they were
entitled under the legislation in force at toe
time of the transfer.
Article 265.
The questions concerning the nationals of tile
former Austrian empire, as well as Austrian
nationals, their rights privileges and property.
which are not dealt with in the present treaty.
or in the treaty -prepared for the purpose of
reerulatins certain immediate relations between
the states to which terntory of the former
Austro-Hungarian monarchy has been trans-
ferred, or arising- from the dismemiberment of
that monarchy shall form the subject of BPC-
cial conventions between the states concerned,
including Austria; such conventions shall not
in any way conflict with the provisions of the
present treaty. For this purpose it is agreed
that three months from the coming into fon»
of the present treaty a conference of delegate*
of the states in question •hall take place.
666
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Article 266.
The Austrian government shall without de-
lay restore to nationals of the former Austrian
empire their property, rights and (interests sit-
uated in Austrian territore.
The amount of taxes and imposts on capital
which have been levied or increased on the
property, rights and interests of nationals of
the former Austrian empire since Nov. 3. 1918.
or whiph shall be levued or increased until
restitution in accordance with the provisions
of the present treaty, or. in the case of prop-
erty., risrhts and interests which have not been
subjected to exceptional measures of war. un-
til three months from the comine- into force of
the present treaty, shall be returned to the
The property, righto and interests restored
ehall not be subject to any tax levied in re-
spect of any other property or any other busi-
ness owned by the same person alter such
property had been removed from Austria, or
such business had ceased to be carried on
therein. If taxes of any kind have been paid
in anticipation in respect of property, rights
and interests removed from Austria, the pro-
portion of such taxes paid for any period sub-
sequent to the removal of the property, rights
and interests in question shall be returned to
currency
-
the owners.
Cash assets shall be paid in tl
and at the rate of exchange provii
case of debts under articles 248 (d) an
Legacies, donations and funds given or es-
tablished in the former Austro-Hungarian
monarchy for the benefit of nationals of the
former Austrian empire shall be placed by
Austria, so far as the funds in question are in
her territory, at the disposition of the allied
or associated power of which the persons in
question are now nationals, in the condition
in which these funds were on July 28. 1914.
taking account of payments properly made for
the purpose of the trust.
Article 267.
Notwithstanding the provisions of article
249 and the annex to section IV. the property,
rights and interests of Austrian nationals or
companies controlled by them situated in the
territories which formed part of the former
Austro-Hungarian monarchy shall not be sub-
ject to retention or liquidation in accordance
with these provis:ons. Such property, rights
and interests shall be restored to their owners
freed from any measure of this kind, or from
any other measure of transfer, compulsory
administration or sequestration, taken since
Nov. 3. 1918. until the coming into force of
the present treaty, in the condition in which
they were before the application of the meas-
ures in question.
The property, rights and interests here re-
ferred to do not inc' J
subject of article "
Clauses) .
Nothing
visions laid down in part
roperty which is the
part IX. (Financial
n this article shall affect the pro-
VIII. (Reparation).
ng ir
visions laid down in part VIII. (Reparation),
section I., annex III., as the property of Aus-
trian nationals m ships and boats.
Article 268.
All contracts for the sale of goods for de-
livery by sea concluded before Jan. 1. 1917.
between nationals of the former Austrian em-
pire on the one part and the admnrstrations
of the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy.
Austria, or Bosnia-Herzegovina, or Austrian na-
tionals on the other part shall be annulled, ex-
cept in respect of any debt or other pecuniary
obligation arising out of any act done or
money paid thereunder. All other contracts
between such parties which were made before
Nov. 1. 1918. and were in force at that date
shall be maintained.
Article 269.
With regard to prescriptions, limitations and
forfeitures in the transferred territories, the
provisions of articles 252 and 253 shall be
applied with substitution for the expression
s of war" of the expression "date,
all be fixed by administrative decision
each allied or associated power, at which
relations between the parties became impos-
sible in fact or in law." and for the expres-
s.on "duration of the war" of the expression
"period between the date above indicated and
that of the coming into force of the present
Article 270.
Austria undertakes not to impede in any way
the transfer of property, rights or interests
belonging to a company incorporated in ac-
cordance with the laws of the former Austro-
Hungarian monarchy, in which allied or as-
sociated nationals are interested, to a com-
pany incorporated in accordance with the lawe
of any other power, to facilitate all measures
necessary for giving effect to such transfer,
and to render any assistance which may be
required for effecting the restoration to allied
or associated nationals, or to companies in
which they are interested, of their property.
rights or interests whether in Austria or in
transferred territory.
Article 271.
Section in., except article 248 (d). shall not
appl/ to debts contracted between Austrian na-
tionals and nationals of the former Austrian
empire.
Subject to the special provisions laid down
in article 248 (d) for the case of the new
states, these debts shall be paid in the legal
currency at the time of pajjrnent of the state
of which the national of the former Austrian
empire has become a national, and the rate
of exchange applicable shall be the average
rate quoted on the Geneva exchange during
the two months preceding Nov. 1. 1918.
Article 272.
Insurance compan'es whose principal place
of business was in territory which previously
formed part of the former Austro-Hungarian
monarchy shall have the right to carry on
their business in Austrian territory for a
period of ten years from the coming into
force of the present treaty, without the rights
which they previously enjoyed being affected
in any way by the change of nationality.
During the above period the operations of
such companies shall not be subjected by Aus-
tria to any higher tax or charge than shall
be imposed on the operations of national com-
panies. No measure in derogation of their
rights of property shall be imposed upon them
which ia not equally applied to the property.
rights or interests of Austrian insurance com-
panies; adequate compensation shall be paid
in the event of the application of any such
measures.
These provisions shall only apply so long as
Austrian insurance companies previously car-
rying on business in the transferred terri-
tories. even if their principal place of busi-
ness was outside such territories, are recipro-
cally accorded a similar right to carry on
their business therein.
After the period of ten years above referred
to. the provisions of article 228 of this part
of the present treaty shall apply in regard
to the allied and associated companies in
question.
Article 275.
Special agreements will determine the divi-
sion cf the property of associations or public
corporations carrying on their functions in
territory which is divided in consequence of
the present treaty.
Article 274.
A special convention shall determine all
questions relative to the records, registers and
copies in connection with the protection of
industrial, literary or artistic property, and
fix their eventual transmission or communica-
tion by the offices of the former Austro-Hun-
garian monarchy to the offices of the states
to which is transferred territory of the said
monarchy and to the offices of new states.
States to which territory of the former
Austro-Hungarian monarchy is transferred and
states arising from the dismemberment of that
monarchy shall recognize and give effect to
rights of industrial, literary and artistic prop-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
667
erty in force in the territory at the time
when it passes to the state in question, or
re-established or restored in accordance with
the provisions of article 258. These rights
shall remjiin in force in that territory for the
same period as that for which they would
have remained in force under the law of the
former Austro-Hungarian monarchy.
Article 275.
Without prejudice to other provisions of
the present treaty, the Austrian government
undertakes, so far as it is concerned, to hand
over to any power to which territory of the
former Austro-Hungarian monarchy is trans-
ferred or which arises from the .dismember-
ment of that monarchy such portion of th<?
reserves accumulated by the governments or
the administrations of the former Austro-
Hungarian monrrchy or by public or private
organizations under their control, as is at-
tributable to the carrying on of social or state
insurance in such territory.
The powers to which these funds are hand-
ed over must apply them to the performance
of the obligations arising1 from such insur-
ances.
The conditions of the delivery will be de-
termined by special conventions to be con-
cluded between the Austrian government and
the governments concerned.
In case these special conventions are not
concluded in accordance with the above para-
graph within three months after the coming
into force of the present treaty, the condi-
tions of transfer shall in each case be re-
ferred to a commission of five members, one
of whom shall be apnointed by the Austrian
government, one by the other interested gov-
ernment and three by the governing body of
the international labor office from the na-
tionals of other states. This commission
shall by majority vote within three months
after appointment adopt recommendations for
submission to the council of the league of
nations, and the decisions of .the council
shall forthwith be accepted as final by Aus-
tria and the other government concerned.
PART XI.— AERIAL NAVIGATION.
Article 276.
The aircraft of the allied and associated
powers shall have full liberty of passage and
landing over and in the territory of Austria
and shall enjoy the same privileges as Aus-
trian aircraft, particularly in case of dis-
Article 277.
The aircraft of the allied and associated
powers shall, while in transit to any foreign
country whatever, enjoy the right of flying
over the territory of Austria without landing,
subject always to any regulations which may
be made by Austria and which shall be
applicable equally to the aircraft of Austria
and to those of the allied and associated
countries. ^ ^
All aerodromes in Austria opened to national
public traffic shall be open to the aircraft of
the allied and associated powers, and in any
such aerodromes such aircraft shall be treated
on a footing of equality with Austrian air-
craft as regards charges of every description,
including charges for landing and accommo-
daU°n- Article 279.
Subject to the present provisions, the rights
of passage, transit and landing provided for
in articles 276. 277 and 278 are subject to
the observance of such regulations as Austria
may consider it necessary to enact, but such
regulations shall be applied without distinc-
tion to Austrian aircraft and to those of the
allied and associated countries.
Article 280.
Certificates of nationality, airworthiness or
competency and licenses issued or recognized
as valid by any of the allied or associated pow-
ers, shall be recognized in Austria as valid
and as equivalent to the certificates and li-
censes issued by Austria.
Article 281.
As regards internal commercial air traffic, the
aircraft of the allied and associated powers
shall enjoy in Austria most favored nation
treatment.
Article 282.
Austria undertakes to enforce the necessary
measures to insure thafr all Austrian aircraft
flying over her territory shall comply with the
rules as to lights and signals, rules of the air
and rules for air traffic on and in the neigh-
borhood of aerodromes, which have been laid
down in the convention relative to aerial nav-
igation concluded between the allied and asso-
ciated powers
Article 283.
The obligations imposed by the preceding:
provisions shall remain in force until Jan. 1.
1923. unless before that date Austria shall
have been admitted into the league of na-
tions or shall have been authorized by consent
of the allied and associated powers to adhere
to the convention relative to aerial navigation
concluded between those powers.
PART XII— PORTS. WATERWAYS AND
RAILWAYS.
Section I. — General Provisions.
Article 2 84.
Austria undertakes to grant freedom of tran-
sit through her territories on the routes most
convenient for international transit, either by
rail, navigable waterway or canal, to per-
sons, goods, vessels, carriages, wagons and
mails coming from or going to the territories
of any of the allied and associated powers,
whether contiguous or not.
Such persons, goods, vessels, carriages, wag-
ons and mauls shall not be subjected to any
transit dutv or to any undue delays or re-
striction, and shall be entitled in Austria to
national treatment as regards charges, facil-
ities and all other matters.
Goods in transit shall be exempt from all
customs or other similar duties.
All charges imposed on transport in transit
shall be reasonable, having- regard to the con-
ditions of the traffic. No charge facility or
restriction shall depend directly or indirectly on
the ownership or on the nationality of the shit*
or other means of transport on which any part
of the through journey has been or is to be
accomplished.
Article 285.
Austria undertakes neither to impose nor to
maintain any control over transmigration traf-
fic through her territories beyond measures
necessary to insure that passengers are bona
fide in transit: nor to allow any shipping com-
pany or any other private body, corporation or
person interested in the traffic to take any cart
whatever in. or to exercise any direct or indi-
rect influence over, any administrative service
that may be necessary for this purpose.
Article 286.
Austria undertakes to make no discrimina-
tion or preference, direct or indirect, in the
duties, charges and prohibitions relating to
importations into or exportations from her ter-
ritories, or. subject to the special engagements
contained in the present treaty, in the charges
and conditions of transport of eroods or per-
sons entering- or leaving- her territories ba^ed
on the frontier crossed: or on the kind, owner-
ship, or flag- of the means of transport (in-
cluding aircraft) employed: or on the original
or immediate place of departure of the vessel,
wasron or aircraft or other means of transport
employed, or its ultimate or intermediate des-
tination: or on the route of or places of trans-
shipment on the journey: or on whether the
eroods are imported or exported directly
through an Austrian port or indirectly throuerh
a foreign port: or on whether the goods are
imported or exported by land or by air.
Austria particularly undertakes not to es-
tablish against the ports and vessels of any of
668
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
the allied and associated powers any surtax or
any direct or indirect bounty for exoort or im-
oort >b.v Austrian uoits or ships, or b.v those of
another .-power, lor example b.v means of com-
bined tariffs. She further undertakes that
persons or groods passing- through a port or
using1 a vessel of any of the allied and asso-
ciated powers shall not be subjected to any
formality or delay whatever to which such
oersons or goods would not be subjected if
they passed through an Austrian port or a
port of any other power, or used an Austrian
vessel or a vessel of any other power.
Article 287.
All necessary administrative and technical
measures shall be taken to expedite, as much
aa possible, the transmission of groods across
the Austrian frontiers and to insure their
forwarding1 and transport from such frontiers,
irrespective of whether such goods are coming1
from or going to the territories of the allied
and associated powers or are in transit from
or to those territories under the same material
conditions in such matters as rapidity of car-
riage and care en route as are enjoyed by other
goods of the same kind carried on Austrian
territory under similar conditions of transport.
In particular, the transport of perishable
goods shall be promptly and regularly carried
out, and the customs formalities shall be effect-
ed in such a way as to allow the goods to be
carried straight through by trains which make
connection.
Article 288.
The seaports; of the allied and associated
powers are entitled to all favors and to all re-
duced tariffs granted on Austrian railways or
navigable waterways for the benefit of any
port of another power.
Article 289.
Austria may not refuse to participate in the
tariffs or combinations of tariffs intended to
secure for ports of any of the allied and as-
sociated powers advantages similar to those
grants by Austria to the ports of any other
power.
Section II. — Navigation.
Chapter I. — Freedom of Navigation.
Article 290.
The nationals of any of the allied and asso-
ciated powers as well as their vessels and
property shall enjoy in all Austrian ports and
on the inland navigation routes oi Austria the
same treatment in all respects as Austrian na-
tionals, vessels and property.
In particular the vessels of any one of the
allied or associated powers shall be entitled
to transport goods of any description, and pas-
sengers, to or from any ports or places in Aus-
trian territory to which Austrian vessels may
have access, under conditions which shall not be
more onerous than those applied in the case of
national vessels: they shall be treated on a
footing of equality with national vessels a/s
regards port and harbor facilities and charges
of every description, including facilities for
stationing, loading and unloading, and duties
and charges of tonnage, harbor, pilotage, light-
house, quarantine and all analogous duties and
changes of whatsoever nature, levied in the
name of or for the profit of the government,
public functionaries, private individuals, cor-
porations or establishments of any kind.
In the event of Austria granting a preferen-
tial regime to any of the allied or associated
powers or to any other foreign power, this
regime shall be extended immediately and un-
conditionally to all the allied and associated
powers.
There shall be no impediment to the move-
ment of persons or vessels other than those
arising from prescriptions concerning customs,
police, sanitation, emigration and immigration,
and those relating- to the import and export
of prohibited goods. Such regulations must
be reasonable and uniform and must not im-
pede traffic unnecessarily.
Chapter II. — Clauses Relating to the
Danube.
1. General Clauses Relating to River Systems
Declared International.
Article 291.
The following river is declared international:
The Danube from Ulm; together with all nav-
gable parts of the river system which nat-
urally provide more than one state with ac-
cess to the sea, with or without transshipment
from one vessel to another, as well as the por-
tion of the course of the Morava (March)
and the Thaya (Theiss) forming the frontier
between Czecho-Slovakia and Austria, and lat-
eral canals and channels constructed either to
duplicate or to improve naturally navigable
sections of the specified river system or to
connect two naturally navigable sections of
the same river.
The same shall apply to the Rhine-Danube
navigable waterway, should such a waterway
be constructed, under the conditions laid down
in article 308.
Any part of the above mentioned river sys-
tem which is not included in the general defi-
nition may be declared international by an
agreement between the riparian states.
Article 292.
On the waterways declared to be interna-
tional in the preceding article, the nationals,
property and flags of all powers shall be
treated on a footing of perfect equality, no
distinction being made to the detriment of the
nationals, property or flag of any power be-
tween them and the nationals, property or flag1'
of the riparian state itself or of the most
favored nation.
Article 29S.
Austrian vessels shall not be entitled to
carry passengers or geods by regular services
between the ports of any alHcd or associated
power, without special authority from such
Article *•«.
Where such charges are not precluded by
anjy existing convention, charges varying on
different sections of a river may be levied on
vessels using the navigable channels or their
approaches, provided that they are intended
solely to cover equitably the cost of maintain-
ing in a navigable condition, or of improving,
the river and its approaches, or to meet ex-
penditure incurred in the interests of naviga-
tion. The schedule of such charges shall be
calculated on the basis of .such expenditure
and shall be posted UP in the ports. These
charges shall be levied in such a manner as
to render any detailed examination of car-
goes unnecessary, except in cases of suspected
fraud or contravention.
Article 295.
The transit of vessels, passengers and goods
on these waterways shall be effected in ac-
cordance with the general conditions prescribed
for transit in section I. above.
When the two banks of an international river
are within the same state goods in transit may
be placed under seal or in tha custody of cus-
toms agents. When the river forms a fron-
tier goods and passengers in transit shall be
exempt from all customs formalities; the load-
ing and unloading of goods, and the embarka-
tion and disembarkation of passengers, shall
only take place in the ports specified by the
riparian state.
Article 296.
No dues of any kind other than those pro-
vided for in this part shall be levied along
the course or at the mouth of these water-
Thi's provision shall not prevent the fixing;
by the riparian states of customs, local octroi
or consumption duties, or the creation of rea-
sonable and uniform charges levied in the
ports in accordance with public tariffs, for the
use of cranes, elevators, quays, warehouses
and other similar constructions.
AHMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
669
Article 297.
In default of any * special organization for
carrying- out the works connected with the
upkeep and improvement of the international
portion of a navigable system, each riparian
state shall be bound to take the necessary
measures to remove any obstacle er danger to
navigation and to insure the maintenance of
good conditions of navigation.
If a state neglects to comply with this ob-
ligation any riparian state or any state rep-
resented on the international commission may
appeal to the tribunal instituted for this pur-
pose by the league of nations.
Article 298.
The same procedure shall be followed in the
case of a riparian state undertaking any works
of a nature to impede navigation in the in-
ternational section. The tribunal mentioned
in the preceding article srall be. entitled to
enforce the suspension or suppression of. such
works, making due allowance in its decisions
for all rights in connection with irrigation,
water power, fisheries and other national in-
terests which, with the consent of all the
riparian states or of all the states repre-
sented on the international commission, shall
be given priority over the requirements ot
navigation.
Appeal to the tribunal of the league of na-
tions does not require the suspension of the
WOrkS* Article 299.
The regime set out in articles 292 and 294
to 298 above shall be superseded by one to
be laid down in a general convention drawn
up by the allied and associated powers and
approved by the league of nations, relating
to the waterways recognized in such conven-
tion as having an international character. This
convention shall apply in particular to the
whole or part of the above mentioned river
system of the Danube, and such other parts
of that river system as may be covered by
a general definition.
Austria undertakes, in accordance with the
provisions of article 331. to adhere to the
said general convention.
Article SOO.
Austria shall cede to the allied and asso-
ciated powers concerned, within a maximum
period of three months from -the date on
which notification shall be given her. a. pro-
portion of the tugs and vessels remaining
registered in the ports of the river system
referred to in article ?.91 after the deduction
of those surrendered by way of restitution
or reparation. Austria shall m the same way
cede material of all kinds necessary to the
allied and associated powers •concerned lor
the utilization of that river system.
The number of the tugs and boats, and the
amount of the material so ceded, and their
distribution, shall be determined by an arbi-
trator or arbitrators nominated by the United
States of America, due regard being had to
the legitimate needs of the parties concerned
and particularly to the shipping traffic during
the five years preceding the war.
All craft so ceded shall be provided with
their fittings and gear, shall be in a good
state of repair and in condition to carry goods
and shall be selected from among those most
Wherever the cessions made under the pres-
ent article involve a change of ownership, the
arbitrator or arbitrators shall determine the
,
the manner in which such payment is to be ef
fected in each case. If the arbitrator or arbi-
trators find that the whole or part of this sum
^ill revert directly or indirectly to states from
•whom reparation is due. they shall decide the
Bum to be placed under this head to the credit
of the said states.
As regards the Danube the arbitrator or
arbitrators referred to in this article will also
decide all questions as to the permanent allo-
cation and the conditions thereof of the ves-
sels whose ownership or nationality is in
dispute between states. Pending final alloca-
tion the control of these vessels shall be
vested in a commission consisting of repre-
sentatives of the United States of America,
the Bntish empire. France and Italy, who
will be empowered to make provisional
arrangements for the working of these ves-
sels in the general interest by any local
organization, or failing such arrangements by
themselves, without prejudice to the final
allocation.
As far as possible these provisional arrang-e-
mcnts will be on a commercial basis, the net
receipts by the commission for the hire of
these vessels being disposed of as directed
by the reparation commission.
2. Special Clauses Relating to the Danube
Article SOI.
The European commission of the Danube
reassumes the powers it possessed before the
war. Nevertheless, as a provisional measure,
only representatives of Great Britain, France.
Italy and Roumania shall constitute this com-
mission.
Article S02.
From the point where the competence of the
European commission ceases, the Danube sys-
tem referred to. in article 291 shall be placed
under the administration of an international
commission composed as follows:
Two representatives of German riparian
StcltGS I
, One representative of each other riparian
sicitG r
One representative of each nonriparian state
represented in the future on the European
commission of the Danube
If certain of these, representatives cannot be
appointed at the time of the coming into
force of the present treaty, the decisions of
tne commission shall nevertheless be valid.
Article SOS.
The international commission provided for
ally the administration of the river in *.„»-
formity with the provisions of article 292
and 294 to 298 until such time as a definitive
statute regarding the Danube is concluded by
the powers nominated by the allied and asso-
ciated powers.
.The decisions of this international commis-
sion shall be taken by a majority vote. The
salaries of the commissioners shall be fixed
i.nd paid by their respective countries.
,As a provisional measure any deficit in the
and paid by their respective countries.
, . isional measure any
administrative expense of this international
commission shall be borne equally by the
states represented on the commission.
In particular this commission shall regu-
late the licensing of pilots, charges for pilot-
age and the administration of the pilot service
Article 30}.
Austria agrees to accept the regime which
shall be laid down for the Danube by a con-
ference of the powers nominated by the allied
and associated powers, which shall meet with-
in one year after the coming into force of the
present treaty, and at which Austrian repre-
sentatives may be present.
Article SOS.
The mandate given by article 57 of the
treaty of Berlin of July 13, 1878, to Austria-
Hungary, and transferred b.v her to Hungary,
to carry out works at the Iron Gates is abro-
gated. The commission intrusted with the ad-
ministration of this part of the rivf»r shall
lay down provisions for the settlement of ac-
counts subject to the financial provisions of
the present treaty. Charges which may be nec-
essary shall in no case be levied by Hungary.
Article S06.
Should the Czechoslovak state, the Serb-
Croat-Slovene atate. or Roumania. •with the
670
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
authorization of or under mandate from the
international commission., undertake main-
tenance improvement, weir or other works
on a part of the river system which forms
a frontier, these states shall enjoy on the
opposite bank, and also on the part of the
bed which is 6utside their territory, all neces-
sary facilities for the survey, execution and
maintenance of such works,
x Article 807.
Austria shall be obliged to make to the
European commission of the Danube all resti-
tutions, reparations and indemnities for dam-
ages inflicted on the commission during" the
Article 308.
Should a deep draft Rhine-Danube navi-
gable waterway be constructed. Austria hereby
undertakes to accept the application to the
said navigable waterway of the same regime
as that prescribed in articles 292 and 294 to
299 of the present treaty.
Chapter III.— Hydraulic System.
Article 809.
In default of any provisions to the con-
trary, when as the result of the fixing of a
new frontier the hydraulic system (canaliza-
tion, inundations, irrigation, drainage or sim-
ilar matters) in a state is dependent on works
executed within the territory of another state.
or when use is made on the territory of a
state, in virtue of prewar usage, of water or
hydraulic power, the source of which is on the
territory of another state, an agreement shall
be made between the states concerned to safe-
guard the interests and rights acquired by
each of them. 1.1,1,
Failing an agreement, the matter shall be
regulated by an arbitrator appointed by the
council of the league of nations.
Article 310.
Unless otherwise provided, when use is
made for municipal or domestic purposes in
one state of electricity or water, the source
of which as the result of the fixing of a new
frontier is on the territory of another state,
an agreement shall be made between the
states concerned to safeguard the interests and
rights acquired by each of them.
Pending an. agreement, central electric sta-
tions and waterworks shall be required to con-
tinue the supply up to an amount correspond-
to the undertak
on Nov. 3. 1918.
ing to the undertakings and contracts in force
Failing an agreement, the matter shall be
regulated by an arbitrator appointed by the
council of the league of nations.
Section HI.— Railways.
Chapter I.— Freedom of Transit to the Adriatic
for Austria.
Article 311.
Free access to the Adriatic sea Is accorded to
Austria, who with this object will enjoy free-
dom of transit over the territories and in the
ports severed from the former Austro-Hunga-
nan monarchy.
Freedom of transit is the freedom defined in
article 284 until such time as a general con-
vention on the subject shall have been con-
cluded between the allied and associated pow-
ers, whereupon the dispositions of the new
convention shall be substituted therefor.
Special conventions between the states or
administrations concerned will lay down the
conditions of the exercise of the right accord-
ed above and will settle in particular the
method of using the ports and the free zones
existing in them, the establishment of interna-
tional (joint) services and tariffs including
through tickets and waybills, and the mainte-
nance of the convention of Berne of Oct. 14,
1890. and its supplemental provisions until
its replacement by a new convention.
Freedom of transit will extend to postal,
telegraphic and telephonic services.
Chapter II. — Clauses Relating to International
Transport.
Article 312.
Goods coming from the territories of the al-
lied and associated powers and going- to Aus-
tria. or in transit through Austria from or
to the territories of the allied and associated
powers, shall enjoy on the Austrian railways
as regards charges to be collected (rebates and
drawbacks being taken into account), facilities
and all other matters, the most favorable
treatment applied to goods of the same kind
carried on any Austrian lines, either in inter-
nal traffic or for export, import or in transit
under similar conditions of transport, for ex-
ample as regards length of route. The same
rule shall be applied, on the request of one or
more of the allied and associated powers, to
goods specially designated by such power or
powers coming from Austria and going to
their territories.
International tariffs established in accordance
with the rates referred to in the preceding1
paragraph and involving through waybills
shall be established when one of the allied
and associated powers shall require it from
However, without prejudice to the provisions
of articles 288 and 289, Austria undertakes to
maintain on her own lines- the regime of tar-
iffs existing before the war as regards traffic
to Adriatic and Black sea ports, from the point
ol view of competition with North German
ports.
Article 313.
From the coming into force of the present
treaty the high contracting parties shall renew.
in so far as concerns them and under the re-
serves indicated in the second paragraph of
the present article, the conventions and ar-
rangements signed at Berne on Oct. 14, 1890,
16, 1895. June 16. 1898.
ly 16, 1
1906. reg-ardingr the transporta-
il.
Sept. 20. 1893, Jul
and Sept. 19,
tion of goods .
If within five years from the date of the
coming into force of the present treaty a new
convention for the transportation of passen-
gers, luggage and goods by rail shall have been
concluded
to replace the Berne convention of
Oct. 14. 1890. and the subsequent additions
referred to above, this new convention and
the supplementary provisions for international
transport by« rail which may be based on it
shall bind Austria, even if slie shall have
refused to take part in the preparation of the
convention or to subscribe to it. Until a new
convention shall have been concluded. Austria
shall conform to the provisions of the Berne
convention and the subsequent additions re-
ferred to above, and to the current supple-
mentary provisions.
Article 314.
Austria 'Shall be bound to co-operate in the
establishment of through ticket services (for
passengers and their luggage) which shall be
required by. any of the allied and associated
powers to insure their communication by rail
with each other and with all other countries
by transit across the territories of Austria; in
particular Austria shall, for this purpose, ac-
cept trains and carriages coming from the ter-
ritories of the allied and associated powers
and shall forward them with a speed at least
equal to that of her best long distance train*
on the same lines. The rates applicable to
such through services shall not in any case
be higher than the rates collected on Aus-
trian internal services for the same distance,
under the same conditions of speed and com-
fort.
The tariffs applicable tinder the same con-
ditions of speed and comfort to the transpor-
powers and
not be at a
tation of emigrants going- to or coming from
ports of the allied and "
using the Austrian rail
higher kilometric rate than the most favor-
able tariffs (drawbacks and rebates beimp
taken into account) enjoyed on the said rail-
ways by emigrants going: to or coming1 from
any other ports.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
671
Article 315.
Austria shall not apply specially to such
through services, or to the transportation ot
emigrants going- to or coming: from the ports
of the allied and associated powers, any tech-
nical, fiscal or administrative measures, such
as measures of customs examination, general
police, sanitary police and control, the result
of which would be to impede or delay such
services.
Article 316.
In case of transport partly by rail and partly
by internal navigation. with or without
through waybill, the preceding articles shall
apply to the part of the journey performed by
rail
Chapter III.— Rolling Stock.
Article 317.
Austria undertakes that Austrian wagons
shall be fitted with apparatus allowing:
(1) of their inclusion in goods trains on the
lines of such of the allied and associated
powers as are parties to the Berne convention
of May 15. 1886, as modified on May 18.
1907. without hampering the action of the
continuous brake which may be adopted in
such countries within ten years of the coming
into force of the present treaty, and
(2) of the inclusion of wagons of such
countries in all goods trains on Austrian lines.
The rolling stock o>f the allied and associated
powers shall enjoy on the Austrian lines the
same treatment as Austrian rolling stock as
regards movement, upkeep and repairs.
Chapter IV.— Transfers of Railway Lines.
Article 318.
Subject to any special provisions concerning
the transfer of ports, waterways and railways
situated in the territories transferred under
the present treaty, and to the financial condi-
tions relating to the concessionnaires and the
pensioning of the personnel, the transfer of
railways will take place under the following
conditions :
(1) The works and installations of all the
railroads shall be handed over complete and
in good condition.
(2) When a railway system possessing its
own rolling sto^k is handed over in its en-
tirety by Austria to one of the allied and as-
sociated powers, such stock shall be handed
over •complete, in accordance with the last in-
ventory before Nov. 3. 1918, and in a normal
state of upkeep.
(3) As regards lines without any special
riling stock, the distribution of the stock
powers, on which Austria shall be represent-
ed. These commissions shall have regard to
the amount of the material registered on these
lines in .the last inventory before Nov. 3,
1918, the length of track (sidings included)
and the nature and amount of the traffic.
These commissions shall also specify the loco-
motives, carriages and wagons to be handed
over in each case: they shall decide upon the
conditions of their acceptance, and shall make
the provisional arrangements necessary to in-
sure their repair in Austrian workshops,
(4) Stocks of stores, fittings and plant shall
be handed over under the same conditions as
the rollinsr stock.
The provisions of Paragraphs 3 and 4 above
shall be applied to the lines of former Rus-
sian Poland converted by the Austro-Hnnerarian
authorities to the normal g'auere. such lines be-
ing reerarded as detached from the Austrian
and Hungarian state systems.
Chapter V. —Provisions Relating to Certain
Railway Lines.
Article 319.
.When as a result of the fixinar of new fron-
tiers a railway connection between two parts
of the same cpuntry crosses another country
or a branch line from one country has its
terminus in another, the conditions of work-
ing, if not specifically provided for in the
present treaty, shall be laid down in a conven-
tion between the railway administrations con-
cerned. If the administrations cannot come to
an agreement as to the terms of such conven-
tion, the points of difference shall be decided
by commissions of experts composed as pro-
vided in the preceding article.
The establishment of all the new frontier
stations, between Austria and the contiguous
allied and associated states, as ,well as the
working of the lines between those stations,
all be settled by agreements similarly con-
Article S20.
With the object of insuring regular utiliza-
tion of the railroads of the former .Austro-
Hungarian monarchy owned bv Private com-
panies which, as a result of the populations
of the present treaty, will be situated in the
territory of several states, the administrative
and technical reorganization of the said lines
shall be regulated in each instance by an agree-
ment between the owning company and the
states territorially concerned.
Any differences on which agreement is not
reached, including Questions relating- to the in-
terpretation of contracts concerning the expro-
priation of the lines, shall be submitted to
arbitrators designated by the council of the
leas-iie of nations.
This arbitration may. as regards the South
Austrian Railway company, be reauired either
by the board of management or by the com-
mittee representing the bondholders.
Article 321.
Within a period of five years from the com-
irg into force of the present treaty Italy may
reauire the construction or improvement on
Austrian territory of the new trans-Alpine lines
of the Col de Reschen and the Pas de Predil.
Unless Austria decides to pay for the works
herself, the cost of construction or improve-
ment shall be paid by Italy. An arbitrator
appointed by the council of the league of
nations shall, after the lapse of such period
as may be fixed by the council, determine
the portion of the cost of construction or im-
provement which must be repaid by Austria
to Italy on account of the increase of reve-
nue on the Austrian railway system resulting
from these works.
Austria shall hand over to Italy gratuitous-
ly the surveys, with their annexes, for the
construction of the following railway lines:
The line from Taj-vis to Trieste by Raibl.
Plezzo, Caporetto. Canale and Gorizia.
The local line from S. Lucia de Tolmino to
Caporetto.
The line from Tarvia to Plezzo (new
scheme) .
The Reschen line connecting* Landeck and
Article 322.
In view of the importance to the Czecho-
slovak state of free communication between
that state and the Adriatic, Austria recognizes
the right of the Czecho-Slovak state to run
its own trains over the sections included with-
in her territory of the following lines:
(1) From Bratislava (Pressburg) toward
Fiume, via Sopron, Szembathely and Mura
Keresztur. and a branch from Mura Keresz-
(2) From Budejovic (Budweiss) toward
Trieste via Linz. S. Michael. Klagenfurt and
Assling. and the branch from Klagenfurt to-
ward Tarvisio.
On the application of either party, the route
to be followed by the Czecho-Slovak trains
may be modified either permanently or tem-
porarily by mutual agreement between the
Czecho-Slovak railway administration and
those of the railways over which the run-
ning powers are exercised.
Article 323.
The trains for which the running powers
are used shall not engage in local traffic
except by agreement between Austria and the
Czecho-Slovak state.
672
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Such running1 powers will include, in par-
ticular, the right to establish running1 sheds
with small shops for minor repairs to loco-
motives and rolling stock, and to appoint
representatives where necessary to supervise
the working1 of Czecho-Slovak trains.
Article 324.
The technical, administrative and financial
conditions under which the rights of the
Czecho-Slovak state shall be exercised shall
be laid down in a convention between the
railway administration of the Czecho-Slovak
state and the railway administrations of the
Austrian systems concerned. If the admin-
istrations cannot come to an agreement on
the terms of this convention, the points of
difference shall be decided by an arbitrator
nominated by Great Britain, and his decisions
shall be binding- on all parties.
In the event of disagreement as to the in-
terpretation of the convention or of difficulties
arising unprovided for in the convention, the
same form of arbitration will be adopted
until such time as the league of nations may
lay down some other procedure.
Chapter VI.— Transitory Provision.
Article S25.
Austria shall carry out the instructions
given her. in regard to transport, by an au-
thorized body acting on behalf of the allied
and associated powers:
1. For the carriage of troops under the
provisions of the present treaty, and of ma-
terial, ammunition and supplies for army
use;
2. As a temporary measure, for the trans-
portation of supplies for certain regions, as
well as for the restoration, as rapidly as pos-
eible. of the normal conditions of transport,
and for the organization of postal and tele-
graphic services.
Chapter VII.— Telegraphs and Telephones.
Article 326.
Notwithstanding1 any contrary stipulations in
existing treaties. Austria undertakes to grant
freedom of transit for telegraphic, correspond-
ence and telephonic communications coming
from or going- to any one of the allied and
associated powers, whether neighbors or not.
over such lines as may be most suitable for
international transit and in accordance with
the tariffs in force. This correspondence and
these communications shall be subjected to
no unnecessary delay or restriction: they shall
enjoy in Austria national treatment in regard
to every kind of facility and especially in
regard to rapidity of transmission. No pay-
ment, facility or restriction shall depend di-
rectly or indirectly on the nationality of the
transmitter or the addressee.
Article 327.
In view of the geographical situation of the
Czecho-Slovak state Austria agrees to the fol-
lowing modifications in the international tele-
graph and telephone conventions referred to
in article 23o of part X. (Economic Clauses)
of the present treaty.
(1) On the demand of the Czecho-Slovak
state Austria shall provide and maintain trunk
telegraph lines across Austrian territory.
(2) The annual rent to be paid by the
Czecho-Slovak state for each of such lines will
be calculated in accordance with the provisions
ot the above mentioned conventions, but un-
less otherwise agreed shall not be less than the
sum that would be payable under those con-
ventions for the number of messages laid down
in those conventions as conferring1 the right to
demand a new trunk line, taking as a basis the
reduced tariff provided for in article 23, para-
graph 5. of the international telegraph con-
vention as revised at Lisbon.
(3) So long as the Czecho-Slovak state shall
toay the above minimum annual rent of a
<a) The 'line shall be reserved exclusively lor
transit traffic to and from the Czecho-Slovak
* (b) The faculty given to Austria by article
8 of the international telegraph convention of
July 22, 1875, to suspend international tele-
graph services shall not apply to that line.
(4) Similar provisions will apply to the pro-
vision and maintenance of trunk telephone
circuits, but the rent payable by the Czecho-
slovak state for a trunk telephone circuit
shall, unless otherwise agreed, be double the
rent payable for a trunk telegraph line.
(5) The particular lines to be provided, to-
gether with any necessary administrative,
technical and financial conditions not provided
for in existing- international conventions or in
this article, shall be fixed by a further con-
vention between the states concerned. In de-
fault by agreement on such convention, they
will be fixed by an arbitrator appointed by the
council of the league of nations.
(6) The stipulations of the present article
may be varied at any time by agreement be-
tween Austria and the Czecho-Slovak state.
After the expiration of ten years from the
coming into force of this treaty the conditions
under which the Czecho-Slovak state shall en-
joy the rights conferred by this article may.
in default of agreement by the parties, be
modified at the request of either party by an
arbitrator designated by the council of the
league of nations.
(7) In case of any dispute between the par-
ties as to the interpretation either of this ar-
ticle or of the convention referred to in para-
graph 5. this dispute shall be submitted for
decision to the permanent court of interna-
tional justice to be established by the league
of nations.
Section IV.— Disputes and Revision of Perma-
nent Clauses.
Article 328.
Disputes which may arise between interested
powers with regard to the interpretation and
application of this part of the present treaty
shall be settled as provided by the league of
nations.
Article 329.
At any time the leagne of nations may recom-
mend the revision of such of the above ar-
ticles as relate to a permanent administrative
regime.
Article S30.
The stipulations in articles 284 to 290. 293.
312. 314 to 316. and 326. shall be subject
to revision by the council of the league of
nations at any time after three years from
the coming- into force of the present treaty.
Failing- such revision, no allied or associated
power can claim after the expiration of the
above period of three years the benefit of any
of the stipulations in the articles enumerated
above on behalf of any portion of its terri-
tories in which reciprocity is not accorded in
respect of such stipulations. The period of
three years during which reciprocity cannot
be demanded may be prolonged by the council
of the league of nations.
The benefit of the stipulations mentioned
above cannot be claimed by states to which
territory of the former Austro-Hung-arian
monarchy has been transferred, or which have
arisen out of the dismemberment of that mon-
archy, except upon the footing- of giving in
the territory passing under their sovereignty
reciprocal treatment to Austria.
Section V. — Special Provision.
Article 331.
Without prejudice to the special obligations
imposed on her by the present treaty for the
benefit of the allied and associated powers,
Austria undertakes to adhere to any general
conventions regarding the international regime
of transit, waterways, ports or railways which
njay be concluded by the allied and associated
powers, with the approval of the league of
nations, within five years of the coming into
force of the present treaty.
PART Xm.— LABOR.
Section I. — Organization of Labor.
Whereas the league of nations has for its
object the establishment ot universal peace.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
673
and such a peace can be established only if it
is based upon social justice:
And whereas conditions of labor exist in-
volving- such injustice, hardship and pnvation
to large numbers of people as to produce
unrest so great that the peace and harmony
of the world are imperiled: and an improve-
ment of those conditions is urgently required:
as. for example, by the regulatipn of the
hours of work, including the establishment of
a maximum working- day and week, the regu-
lation of the labor supply, the prevention of
unemployment, the provision of an adequate
living wage, the protection of the worker
against sickness, disease and injury arising
out of his employment, the protection of chil-
dren. young persons and women, provision
for old age and injury, protection of the
interests of workers when employed in coun-
tries other than their own, recognition of the
principle of freedom of associatipn. the organ-
ization of vocational and technical education
and other measures:
Whereas also the failure of any nation to
adopt humane conditions of labor is an obstacle
in the way of other nations which desire to
improve the conditions in their own countries:
The high contracting- parties, moved by senti-
ments of justice and humanity as well as by
the desire to secure the permanent peace of the
world, agree to the following:
Chapter I.— Organization.
Article S32.
A permanent organization is hereby estab-
lished for the promotion of the objects set
forth in the preamble.
The original members of the league of na-
tions shall be the original members of this
organization, and hereafter membership of the
league of nations shall carry with it member-
ship of the said organization.
Article SSS. •
The permanent organization shall consist of:
(1) A general conference of representatives
of the members, and
(2) An international labor office controlled
by the governing body described in article
338
Article S3 k-
The meetings of the general conference of
representatives of the members shall be held
from time to time as occasion may require.
and at least once in every year. It shall be
composed of four representatives of each of
the members, of whom two shall be govern-
ment delegates and the two others shall be
delegates representing respectively the employ-
ers and the workpeople of each of the mem-
Each delegate may be accompanied by advis-
ers who shall not exceed two in number for
each item on the agenda of the meeting. When
questions specially affecting women are to be
considered by the conference, one at least of
the advisers should be a woman.
The members undertake to nominate non-
government delegates and advisers chosen in
agreement with the industrial organizations.
if such organizations exist, which are most
representative of employers or workpeople, as
the case may be. in their respective countries.
Advisers shall not speak except on a request
made by the delegate whom they accompany
and by the special authorization of the presi-
dent of the conference, and may not vote.
. A delegate may by notice in writing
dressed to the president appoint one of his
advisers to act as his deputy, and the ad-
viser. while so acting, shall be allowed to
speak and vote.
.The names of the delegates and their ad-
visers will be communicated to the internation-
al labor office by the government of each of
thp members.
The credentials of delegates and their ad-
vis^rs shall be subject to scrutiny by the con-
ference which may. by two-thirds of the
votes cast by the delegates present, refuse to
admit any delegate or advi
iser whom it deems
nominated
Accordance
Article SSS.
Every delegate shall be entitled to vote in-
dividually .on all matters which are taken into
consideration by the conference.
If one of the members fails to nominate
one of the nongovernment delegates whom it
is entitled to nominate, the other nongovern-
ment delegate shall be allowed to sit and
speak at the conference, but not to vote.
If in accordance with article 334 the con-
ference refuses admission to a delegate of
one of the members, the provisions of the
present article shall apply as if that dele-
gate had not been nominated.
Article SS6.
The meetings of the conference shall be held
at the seat of the league of nations, or at
such other place as may be decided by the
conference at a previous meeting by two-thirds
of the votes cast by the delegates present.
Article 557.
The international labor office shall be estab-
lished at the seat of the league of nations aa
part of the organization of the league.
Article 888.
The international labor office shall be under
the control of a governing body, consisting of
twenty-four persons, appointed in accordance
with the following provisions:
The governing body of the international la-
r office shall be constituted as follows:
'welve persons representing the governments
ix persons elected by the delegates to the
conference representing the employers.
Six persons elected by the delegates to the
conference representing the workers.
Of the twelve persons representing the gov-
ernments eight shall be nominated by the
members which are of the chief industrial im-
portance and four shall be nominated by the
members selected for the purpose by the gov-
ernment delegates to the conference, excluding1
the delegates of the eight members mentioned
Any" question as to which are the members
of the chief industrial importance shall be de-
cided by the council of the league of nations.
The period o(f office of the members of the
governing body will be three years. The meth-
od of filling vacancies and other similar ques-
tions may be determined by the governing
body subject to the approval of the confer-
ence. '
The governing- body shall from time to time
elect one of its members to act as its chair-
man. shall regulate its own procedure and
1 fix its own times of meeting. A special
meeting shall be held if a written request to
that effect is made by at least ten members
of the governing body.
Article 389.
There shall be a director of the international
labor office, who shall be appointed by the
governing body. and. subject to the instruc-
tions of the governing body, shall be responsi-
ble for the efficient conduct of the interna-
tional labor office and for such other duties as
may be assigned to him.
The director or his deputy shall attend all
meetings of the governing body.
Article 31,0.
The staff of the international labor office
shall be appointed by the director, who shall,
so far as is possible with due regard to the
efficiency of the work of the office, select per-
sons of different nationalities. A certain num-
ber of these persons shall be women.
Article Ski.
The functions of the (international labor of-
fice shall include the collection and distribu-
tion of information on all subjects relating
to the international adjustment of conditions
of industrial life and labor, and particularly
the examination of subjects which it is pro-
posed to bring before the conference with a
view to the conclusion of international conven-
674
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
tions, and the conduct of such special investi-
gations as may be ordered by the conference.
It will prepare the agenda for the meetings
of the conference.
It will carry out the duties required of it
by the provisions of this part of the present
treaty in connection with dnternationad dis-
*It will edit and publish in French and Eng-
lish. and in such other languages as the gov-
erning1 body may think desirable, a periodical
paper dealing with problems of industry and
employment of international interest.
Generally, in add.tion to the functions set
out in this article, it shall have such other
powers and duties as may be assigned to it
by the conference.
Article S42.
The g-overnment deoartments of any of the
members which deal with questions of indus-
try and employment may communicate di-
rectly with the director through the repre-
sentative of their government on the governing-
body of the international labor office, or fail-
ing- any such representative, through such oth-
er qualified official as the government may
nominate for the purpose.
Article 843.
The international labor office shall be en-
titled to the assistance of the secretary -gen-
eral of the league of nations in any matter
in which it can be given.
Article 344-
Each of the members will pay the traveling
and subsistence expenses of its delegates and
their advisers and of its representatives at-
tending- the meeting- of the conference or gov-
erning: body, as the case may be.
All the other expenses of the international
labor office and of the meetmers of the con-
ference or eroverniner body shall belaid to the
director by the secretary-general of the league
of nations out of the general funds oi the
The director shall be responsible to the sec-
retary-*reneral of the league for the proper ex-
penditure of all moneys paid to him in pursu-
ance of this article.
Chapter II .—Procedure.
Article 345.
The agenda for all meeting's of the confer-
ence will be settled by the governing body, who
shall consider any suggestion as to the agenda
that may be made by the government of any
of the members or b.v any representative or-
ganization recognized for the purpose of arti-
cle 334.
Article 346.
The director shall act as the secretary of the
conference and shall transmit the agenda so
as to reach the members four months before
the meeting of the conference, and. through
them, the nongovernment delegates when ap-
pointed.
Article 347.
Any of the governments of the 'members may
formally object to the inclusion of any item
items in the agenda. The grounds for such
ion
ment addressed to the director, who shall cir-
.
objection shall be set forth in a reasoned state-
,
culate it to all the members of the permanent
organization.
Items to which such objection has been
made shall not. however, be excluded from the
agenda if at the conference a majority of two-
thirds of the votes cast by the deleg-ates pres-
ent is in favor of considering them.
If the conference d°c1das (otherwise fhp.n
under the preceding paragraphs) by two-thi^s
of the votes cast by th- delegates present that
any subject shall be considered by the con-
ference. that subject shall be included in the
agenda for the following meeting.
Artir7e S48.
The conference shall regulate its own pro-
cedure, shall elect its own president, and may
appoint committees to consider and report on
any matter.
Except as otherwise expressly provided in
this part of the present treaty, all matters
shall be decided by a simple majority of the
votes cast by the delegates present.
The voting is void unless the total number
of votes cast is equal to half the number
of the delegates attending the conference.
Article 349.
The conference may add to any committees
which it appoints technical experts, who shall
be assessors without power to vote.
Article 350.
When the conference has decided on the
adoption of proposals with regard to an item
in the agenda, it will rest with the confer-
ence to determine whether these proposals-
should take the form: (a) of a recommenda-
tion to be submitted to the members for con-
sideration with- a view to effect being given
to it by national legislation or otherwise, or
(b) of a draft international convention for
ratification by the members.
In eiiher case a majority of two-thirds of
the votes cast by the delegates present shall
be necessary on the final vote for the adop-
tion of the recommendation or draft conven-
tion, as the case may be, by the conference.
In framing any recommendation or draft
convention of general application the confer-
ence shall have due regard to those countries
in which climatic conditions, the imperfect de-
velopment of industrial organization or other
special circumstances make the industrial con-
ditions substantially different and shall sug-
gest the modifications, if any, which it con-
siders may be required to meet the case of
such countries.
A copy of the recommendation or draft con-
vention shall be authenticated by the signa-
ture of the president of the conference a,nd
of the director and shall be deposited with
the secretary-general of the league of nations.
The secretary-general will communicate a cer-
tified copy of the recommendation or draft
convention to each of the members.
Each of the members undertakes that it
will, within the period of one year at most
from the closing of the session of the con-
ference, or if it is impossible owing to excep-
tional circumstances to do so within the pe-
riod of one year, then at the earliest prac-
ticable moment and in no case later than
eighteen months from the closing of the ses-
sion of the conference, bring the recommen-
dation or draft convention before the au-
thority or authorities within whose competence
the matter lies, for the enactment of legis-
lation 01 other action.
In the ease of a recommendation, the mem-
bers will inform the secretary-general of the
action taken.
In the case of a draft convention, the mem-
ber will, if it obtains the consent of the au-
thority or authorities within whose competence
the latter lies, communicate the formal rati-
fication of the convention to the secretary-
general and will take such action as may be
necessary to make effective the provisions of
such convention.
If on a recommendation no legislative or
other action is taken to make a recommenda-
tion effective, or if the draft convention fails
to obtain the consent of the authority or au-
thorities within whose competence the matter
lies, no further obligation shall rest upon the
member.
In the case of a federal state, the power of
which to enter into conventions on labor mat-
ters is subject to limitations, it shall be in
the discretion of that government to treat a
draft convention to which such limitations aP-
ply as a recommendation only, and the pro-
visions of this article with respect to recom-
mendations shall apply in such case.
The above article shall be interpreted in ac-
cordance with the following principle:
In no case shall any member be asked or
required, as a result of the adoption of any
recommendation or draft convention by the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
675
conference, to lessen the protection afforded
by its existing legislation to the workers con-
cerned. Article 351.
Any convention so ratified shall be registered
by the secretary-general of the league of na-
tions, but shall only be binding upon tlie
members which ratify it.
Article S52.
If any convention coming- before the confer-
ence for final consideration fails to secure the
support of two-thirds of the votes cast by the
delegates present, it shall nevertheless be with-
in the right of any of the msmb.rs of the
permanent organization to agree to such con-
vention among themselves.
Any convention so agreed to shall be com-
municated by the governments concerned to
the secretary-general of the league of nations,
who shall register it.
Article S5S.
Each of the members agrees to make an
annual report to the international labor office
on the measures which it has taken to give
effect to the provisions of conventions to
which it is a party. These reports shall be
made in such form and shall contain such
particulars as the governing body may request.
The director shall lay a summary of these re-
ports before the next meeting of the confer-
euce- Article 3 5 k.
In the event of any representation being-
made to the international labor office by an in-
dustrial association of employers or of work-
ers that any of the members has failed to se-
cure in any respect the effective observance
within its jurisdiction of any convention to
which it is a party, the governing body may
communicate this representation to the gov-
ernment against which it is made and may in-
vite that government to make such statement
on the subject as it may think fit.
Article S55.
If no statement is received within a reason-
able time from the government in question,
or if the statement when received is not deemed
to be satisfactory by the governing body, the
latter shall have the right to publish the
representation and the statement, if any, made
in reply to it.
Article S56.
Any of the members shall have the right to
file a complaint with the international labor
office if it is not satisfied that any other
member is securing the effective observance of
any convent1 on which both have ratified in
Jrdance with the foregoing articles,
e governing body may, if it thinks fit. be-
fore referring such a complaint to a commis-
sion of inquiry, as hereinafter prov:ded for.
communicate with the government in question
in the manner described in article 354.
If the governing body does not think it nec-
essary to communicate the complaint to the
government in question, or if, when it has
made such communication, no statement in
reply has been received within a reasonable
time which the governing body considers to be
satisfactory, the governing body may apply for
the appointment of a commission of inouiry to
consider the complaints and to report thereon.
The governing body may adopt the same
procedure either of its own m^t'on or on re-
ceipt of a complaint from a delegate to the
conference.
When any matter arising out of articles 35o
or 356 is being considered by the goveniinp
body, the government in Question shall, if
not already represented thereon, be entitled
to send a representative to take part in the
p^o^pdings of the governing body w>iile the
mntter is und^r consid°mtion. Adequate
notice of the d»te on which the matter will
be oon«ddprpd shall be given to the govern-
ment in question.
Article S/>7.
The commission of inquiry shall be consti-
tuted in accordance with the following pro-
visions:
iccor
The
Each pf the members agrees to nominate
within six months of the date on which the
present treaty comes into force three per-
sons of industrial experience of whom one
shall be a representative of employers, one a
representative of workers and one a person
of independent standing who shall together
form a panel from which the members of the
commission of inquiry shall be drawn.
The qualifications of the persons so nomi-
nated shall be subject to scrutiny by the
governing body, which may by two-thirds of
the votes cast by the representatives present
reiuse to accept the nomination of any person
whose qualifications do not in its opinion
comply with the requirements of the present
article.
Upon the application of the governing body,
the secretary-general of the league of nations
shall nominate three persons, one from each
section of this panel, to constitute the com-
mission of inquiry, and shall designate one
of them as the president of the commission.
None of these three persons shall be a person
nominated to the panel by any member
directly concerned in the complaint.
Article 358.
The members agree that in the event of the
reference of a complaint to a commission of
inquiry under article 356 they will each,
whether directly concerned in the complaint or
not. place at the disposal of the commission-
all the information in their possession which
bears upon the subject matter of the com-
plaint.
Article S59.
When the commission of inquiry has fully-
considered the complaint it shall prepare a
report embodying its findings on all questions
of fact relevant to determining the issue be-
tween the parties and containing such recom-
mendations as it may think proper as to-
the steps which should be taken to meet the
complaint and the time within which they
should be taken.
It shall also indicate in this report the
measures, if any. of an economic character
against a defaulting government which it con-
siders to be appropriate, and which it con-
siders other governments would be justified
in adopting.
Article 360.
The secretary-general of the leag-ue of
rations shall communicate the report of the
commission of inquiry to each of the govern-
ments concerned in the complaint and shall
cause it to be published.
Each of these governments shall within one
month inform the secretary-general of the
league of nations whether or not it accepts
the recommendations contained in the report
of the commission: and if not. whether it
proposes to refer the complaint to the per-
manent court of international justice of the
league of nations.
Article $61.
| In the event of any member failing to take
the action required by article 350. with re-
gard to a recommendation or draft conven-
tion, any other m^mb^r shall be entitled to
refer the matter to the permanent court of
international justice.
Article S62.
The decision of the permanent court of in-
ternational justice in regard to a complaint
or matter which has been referred to it in
pursuance of article 360 or article 361 shall
be final.
Article S6*.
The permanent court of international jus-
tice may affirm, vary or reverse any of the
findings or recommendations of the commis-
sion of innuiry. if any. and shall in its d°ci-
sion indicate the rrpasurps. if any. of an eco-
norrr'r character which it considers to be ar>-
propriat«». and which other governments would
be justified in adopting against a defaulting
government.
676
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Article S64.
In the event of any member failing1 to carry
out within the time specified the recommen-
dations, if any, contained in the report of
the commission of inquiry or in the decision
of the permanent court of international jus-
tice, as the case may be. any other member
may take against that member the measures
of an economic character indicated in the re-
port of the commission or in the decision of
the court as appropriate to the case.
Article S65.
The defaulting- government may at any time
inform the governing body that it has taken
the steps necessary to comply with the rec-
ommendations of the commission of inquiry
or with those in the decision of the perma-
nent court of international justice, as the
case may be, and may request it to apply
to the secretary-general of the league to con-
stitute a commission of inquiry to verify its
contention. In this case the provisions of
articles 357. 358. 359. 360, 362 and 363 shall
apply, and if the report of the commission
of inquiry or the decision of the permanent
court of international justice is in favor of
the defaulting1 government, the other govern-
ments shall forthwith discontinue the meas-
ures of an economic character that they have
taken against the defaulting1 government.
Chapter III. — General.
Article S66.
The members engage to apply conventions
which they have ratified in accordance with
the provisions of this part of the present
treaty to their colonies, protectorates 'and pos-
sessions which are not fully self -governing1:
(1) Except where owing- to the local con-
ditions the convention is inapplicable, or
(2) Subject to such modifications as may
be necessary to adapt the convention to local
conditions.
And each of the members shall notify to
the international labor office the action taken
in respect of each of its colonies, protector-
ates and possessions which are not fully self-
governing.
Article 367.
Amendments to this part of the present
treaty which are adopted by the conference
"by a majority of two-thirds of the votes cast
by the delegates present shall take effect when
ratified by the states whose representatives
compose the council of the league of nations
and b.v three-fourths of the members.
Article 36 8.
Any qurstion or dispute relating to the inter-
pretation of this part of the present treaty or
of any subsequent convention concluded by
the members in pursuance of the provisions of
this part of the present treaty shall be re-
ferred for decision to the permanent court of
international justice.
Chapter IV.— Transitory Provisions.
Article 369.
The first meeting of
take place in October. 1!
i conference shall
). The
place
agenda for this meeting shall be as specified
in the annex hereto.
Arrangements for the convening and the or-
ganization of the first meeting of the confer-
ence will be made by the government desig-
nated for the purpose in the said annex. That
government shall be assisted in the preparation
of the documents for submission to the con-
ference by an international committee consti-
tuted as provided in the said annex.
The expenses of the first meeting and of all
soibFeqiipnt meetings held befor° the league
cf nations has been able to establish a general
fund, other than the expenses of delegates and
their advisers, will be borne by the members
in accordance with the apportionment of the
•expenses of the international bureau of the
universal postal union.
Article S70.
Until the league of nations has been con-
stituted all communications which under the
provisions of the foregoing articles should be
addressed to the secretary-general of the league
will be preserved by the director of the inter-
national labor office, who will transmit them
to the secretary-general of the league.
Article S71.
Pending the creation of a permanent court
of international Justice, disputes which in ac-
cordance with this part of the present treaty
wouM be submitted to it for decision will be
to it
referred to a tribunal of three persons ap-
cil of
r decision will be
three persons ap-
the league of na-
pointed by the coun
tions.
Annex — First Meeting of Annual Labor
Conference, 1919.
The place of meeting will be Washington
The government of the United States of
America is requested to convene the confer-
ence.'
The international organizing committee -will
consist of seven members, appointed by the
United States of America. Great Britain!
France, Italy, Japan, Belgium and Switzerland.
The committee may. if it thinks necessary
invite other members to appoint representa-
Agenda:
(1) Application of principle of the eight
hour day or of the forty-eight hour week.
(2) Question of preventing or providing
against unemployment.
(3) Women's employment.
(a) Before and after childbirth, includ-
ing the question of maternity benefit-
(b) During the night;
(c) In unhealthy processes.
(4) Employment of children:
(a) Minimum age of employment'
'b) During the night;
.c) In unhealthy processes.
(5) Extension and application of the inter-
national conventions adopted at Berne in 1906
on the prohibition of night work for women
employed in industry and the prohibition of
the use of white phosphorus in the manufac-
ture of matches.
Section II.— General Principles.
Article 372.
The high contracting parties, recognizing that
the well being, physical, moral and intellec-
tual. of industrial wage earners is of supreme
international importance, having framed, in
order to further this great end. the perma-
nent machinery provided for in section I and
associated with that of the league of na-
tions.
They recognize that differences of climate.
habits and customs, of economic opportunity
and industrial tradition, make strict uniformity
in the conditions of labor difficult of imme-
diate attainment. But, holding as they do
that labor should not be regarded merely as
an article of commerce, they think that there
are methods and principles for regulating la-
bor conditions which all industrial communi-
ties should endeavor to apply, so far as their
special circumstances will permit.
Among these methods and principles, the
following seem to the high contracting parties
to be of special and urgent importance:
1. The guiding principle above enunci-
ated that labor should not be regarded mere-
ly as a commodity or article of commerce.
2. The right of association for all lawful
purposes by the employed as well as by the
employers.
3. The payment to the employed of a wage
adequate to maintain a reasonable standard
of life as this is understood in their time
and country.
4. The adoption of an eight hour day or a
forty-eight hour week as the standard to be
aimed at where it has not already been »t-
5. The adoption of a weekly rest of at least
Swenty-four hours, which should include Sun-
ay wherever practicable.
6. The abolition of child labor and the im-
position of such limitations on the labor of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
877
youner-persons as shall permit the contimiation
of their education and assure their proper
physical development.
7. .The principle that men and women should
receive eoual remuneration for work of equal
standard set by law in each country
8. The standard set by law in eacl .
•with respect to the conditions of labor should
arms and in spirituous liquors, ana aisc
the other subjects dealt with in the i
acts of Berlin of Feb. 26. 1885. and.ol
sels of July 2. 1890, and the convention
have due regard to the equitable economic
treatment of all workers lawfully resident
9. Each state should make provision for a
system of inspection, in which women should
take part, in order to insure the enforcement
of the law and regulations for the protection
of the employed
Without clruming- that these methods and
principle^ are either complete or final the
hisrh contracting- parties are of opinion that
thev are well fitted to guide the policy of the
league of nations: and that, if adopted by the
industrial communities' who are members of
the leasrue and safeguarded in practice by an
adequate system of such inspection, they will
confer lasting- benefits upon the wag-e earners
of the world.
PART XIV.— MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
Article SIS.
Austria undertakes to recognize and to ac-
cept the conventions made or to be made by
the allied and associated powers or any of
them with any other power as to the traffic in
arms and in spirituous liquors, and also as to
dealt, with in the general
185. and of Brus-
... conventions com-
pleting1 or modifying- the same.
Article S7%.
The high contracting- parties declare and
place on record that they have taken note of
the treaty signed by the government of the
French republic on July 17, 1918. with his
serene hig-hness the prince of Monaco defining
the relations between France and the princi-
Pality' Article 575.
The high contracting- parties, while they
recognize the guaranties stipulated by the
treaties of 1815. and especially by the act
of Nov. 20. 1815. in favor of Switzerland, the
said g-uarantees constituting- international ob-
lig-ations for the maintenance of peace, declare
nevertheless that the provisions of these
treaties, conventions, declarations and other
supplementary acts concerning- the neutralized
zone of Savoy, as laid down in paragraph 1
of article 92 of the final act of the con
greas of Vienna and in paragraph 2 of ar
tide 3 of the treaty of Paris of Nov. 20
1815. are no longer consistent with presen'
conditions. For this reason the high contract
ing1 parties take note of the agreement reachet
between the French government and the Swiss
government for the abrogation of the stipula
tions relating- to this zone which are and re
main abrogated.
The high contracting parties also agree that
the stipulations of the treaties of 1815 and
of the other supplementary acts concerning
the free zones of Upper Savoy and the Gex
district are no longer consistent with present
conditions, and that it is for France and
Switzerland to come to an agreement together
with a view to settling between themselves
the status of these territories under such con-
ditions as shall be considered suitable by both
countries.
Annex I.
The Swiss federal council has informed the
French government on May 5. 1919. that after
examining the provisions of article 435 of
the peace conditions presented to Germany by
the allied and associated powers in a like
spirit of sincere friendship it has happily
reached the conclusion that it was possible
to acquiesce in it under the following condi-
tions and reservations:
(1) The neutralized zone of Haute-Savoie:
(a) It will be understood that as long1
s the federal chambers have not ratified the
agreement come to between the two govern-
ments concerning the abrogation of the stipu-
ations in respect of the neutralized zone of
"savoy, nothing will be definitively settled, on
me side or the other, in regard to this sub-
ect.
(b) The assent given by the Swiss govern-
ment to the abrogation of the above men-
ioned stipulations presupposes, in conformity
with the text adopted, the recognition of the
guaranties formulated in favor of Switzerland
jy the treaties of 1815 and particularly by
he declaration of Nov. 20, 1815.
(c) The agreement between the governments
of France and Switzerland for the abrogation
sf the above mentioned stipulations will only
i>e considered as valid if the treaty of peace
contains this article in its present wording:.
In addition the parties to the treaty of peace
should endeavor to obtain the assent of the
signatory powers of the treaties of 1815 and
of the declaration of Nov. 20. 1815. which
are not signatories of the present treaty of
peace.
(2) Free zone of Haute-Savoie and the dis-
trict of Gex:
(a) The federal council makes the most ex-
press reservations to the interpretation to be
given to the statement mentioned in the last
paragraph of the above article for insertion
in the treaty of peace, which provides that
"the stipulations of the treaties of 1815 and
other supplementary acts concerning the free
zones of Haute-Savoie and the Gex district
are no longer consistent with present condi-
tions." The federal council would not wish
that its acceptance of the above wording
should lead to the conclusion that it would
agree to the suppression of a system intended
to give neighboring territory tho benefit of a
special regime which is appropriate to the
geographical and economical situation and
which has been well tested.
In the opinion of the federal council the
question is not the modification of the cus-
toms system of the zones as set up by the
treaties mentioned above, but only the regula-
tion in a manner more appropriate to the eco-
nomic conditions of the present day of the
terms of the exchange of goods between the
regions in question. The federal council has
been led to make the preceding1 observations
by the perusal of the draft convention con-
cerning the future constitution of the zones
which was annexed to the note of April 26
from the French government. While making1
the above reservations the federal council de-
clares its readiness to examine in the moat
friendly spirit any proposals which the French,
government may deem it convenient to make
on the subject.
(b) It is conceded that the stipulations of
•the treaties of 1815 and other supplementary
acts relative to the free zones will remain in
force until a new arrangement is come to be-
tween France and Switzerland to regulate mat-
ters in this territory.
Annex II.
The French government have addressed to
the Swiss government, on May 18. 1919. the
following note in reply to the communication
set out in the preceding paragraph:
In a note dated May 5 the Swiss legation
in Paris was good enough to inform the gov-
ernment of the French republic that the fed-
eral government adhered to the proposed ar-
ticle to be inserted in the treaty of peace
between the allied and associated government*
and Germany.
The French government have taken note
with much pleasure of the agreement thus
reached, and. at their request, the proposed
article, which had been accepted by the al-
lied and associated governments, has been in-
serted under No. 435 in the peace conditions
presented to the German plenipotentiaries.
The Swiss government, in their note of May
5, on this subject, have expressed various views
and reservations.
678
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Concerning: the observations relating- to the
free zones of Haute-Savoie and the Gex dis-
trict, the French government have the honor
to observe that the provisions of the last para-
graph of article 435 are so clear that their
purport cannot be misapprehended, especially
where it implies that no other power but
France and Switzerland will in future be
interested in that question.
The French government, on their part are
anxious to protect the interests of the French
territories concerned, and. with that object,
having their special situation in view, they
bear in mind the desirability of assuring; them
a suitable customs regime and determining-, in
a manner better suited to present conditions,
the methods of exchang-es between these terri-
tories and the adjacent Swiss territories, while
taking1 into account the reciprocal interests of
both regions.
It is understood that this must in no way
prejudice the rierht of France to adjust her
customs Ilm in this region in conformity with
her political frontier., as is done on the other
portions of her territorial boundaries, and as
was done by Switzerland long- aero on her own
boundaries in this region.
The French g-overnment are pleased to note
on this subject in what a friendly disposition
the Swiss g-overnment take this opportunity
of declaring1 their willing-ness to consider any
French proposal dealing- with thg system to
be substituted for the present regime of the
said free zones, which the French g-overnment
intend to formulat" in the same friendly spirit.
Moreover the French government have no
doubt that the provisional maintenance of the
regime of 1815 as to th» free zones referred
to in the above mentioned paragraph of the
note from the Swiss legation of May 5. whose
object is to provide for the passag-e from the
present regime to the conventional regime,
will cause no delay whatsoever in the estab-
lishment of the new situation which has been
lound necessary by the two governments. This
remark applies also to the ratification by the
federal chambers, dealt with in paragraph 1
(a), of the Swiss note of May 5. under the
heading "Neutralized Zone of Haute-Savoie."
Article 376.
The allied and associated powers agree that
where Christian religious missions were being-
maintained by Austrian societies or persons
in territory belonging- to them, or of which
the firoveinment is entrusted to them in accord-
ance with the present treaty, the property
which these missions or mission- ry societies
possessed including- that of trading1 societies
whose profits were devoted to the support of
missions, shall continue to be devoted to mis-
sionary purposes. In ord^r to insure the due
execution of this undertaking- the allied and
associated governments will hand over such
property to boards of trustees appo^ntM bv
or approved by the governments and composed
Of persons holding; the faith of the mission
vhose prooerty is involved.
The allied and i
associated governments, while
continuing- to maintain full control as to the
individuals by whom the missions1 are con-
ducted, will safeguard the interests of such
missions.
Austria, taking- note of the above -undertak-
ing-, agrees to accept all arrangements made
or to be made by the allied or associated gov-
ernment concerned for carrying- on the wo-k
of the said missions or trading- societies and
waives all claims on their behalf.
Article 377.
Without prejudice to the provisions of the
present treaty, Austria undertakes not to put
forward directly or indirectly ag-ainst any
allied or associated power signatory of the
present treaty any pecuniary claim based on
events which occurred at any time before the
•oming- into force of the present treaty.
The present stipulation will bar completely
and finally all claims of this nature, which will
be thenceforward extinguished, whoever may
be the parties in interest.
Article 378.
Austria accepts and recognizes as valid and
binding- all decrees and orders concerning
Austro-Hung-arian ships and Austrian goods
and all 'orders relating- to the payment of
costs made by any prize court of any of the
allied or associated powers, and undertakes
not to put forward any claim rising- out of
such decrees or orders on behalf of any Aus-
trian national.
The allied and associated powers reserve the
rig-ht to examine in such manner as they may
determine all decisions and orders of Austro-
Hung-arian prize courts, whether affecting- the
property rights of nationals of those powers
or of neutral powers. Austria agrees to fur-
nish copies of all the documents constituting-
the record of the cases, including- the deci-
sions and orders made, and to accept and give
effect to the recommendations made after
such examination of the cases.
Article 379.
The high contracting- parties agree that, in
the absence of a subsequent agreement to the
contrary, the chairman of any commission es-
tablished by the present treaty shall in the
event of an equality of votes be entitled to a
second vote.
Article 380.
Except where otherwise provided in the pres-
ent treaty, in all cases where the treaty pro-
vides for the settlement of a question affect-
ing- particularly certain states by means of a
special convention to be concluded between the
states concerned, it is understood by the high
contracting1 parties that difficulties arising- in
this connection shall, until Austria is admitted
to membership of the leag-ue of nations, be
settled by the principal allied and associated
powers.
Article S81.
In the present treaty the expression "former
Austrian empire" includes Bosnia and Herze-
govina except where the text implies the con-
trary. This provision shall not prejudice the
rig-hts and obligations of Hung-ary in such,
territory.
The present treaty, in French, in English
and in Italian, shall be ratified. In case of
diverg-ence the French text shall prevail, except
in parts I. (Covenant of the League of Na-
tions) and XII. (Labor) . where the French
and Eng-lish texts shall be of equal force.
The deposit of ratifications shall be made
at Paris as soon as possible.
Powers of which the seat of the g-overnment
is outside Europe will be entitled merely to
inform the government of the French republic
throug-h their diplomatic representative at
Paris that their ratification has been given: in
that case they must transmit the instrument of
ratification as soon as possible.
A first proces-verbal of the deposit of ratifi-
cations will be drawn up as soon as the treaty-
has been_ ratified by Austria on the
one hand.
and by three of the principal allied and asso-
ciated powers on the oth~r hand.
From the date of this first proces-verbal the
reaty will come into fo~C3 between the hig-h
ontracting- parties who have ratified it. For
the determination of all periods of t^me pro-
vided for in the present treaty this date will
be the date of the coming- into force of the
treaty.
In all other respects the treaty will enter
into force for each power at the date of the
deposit of its ratification.
The French g-overnment will transmit to all
the signatory powers a certified copy of the
proce?-vprbarx of th=> deposit of ratifications.
In faith whereof the above nim-d plenipo-
tentiaries have signed the present treaty.
Done f>t St. Germain-en-Laye the 10th day
of September 1919. in a single copy which
will remain deposited in the archives of the
French republic and of which authenticated
copies will bo transmitted to each of the sigr-
natory powers.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
679
AMERICAN TREATY WITH FRANCE.
On July 29 President Wilson transmitted
to the senate a treaty between France and
the United States with the following- brief
explanatory message:
"Gentlemen of the senate: I take pleas-
ure in laying: before you a treaty with the
republic of France, the object of which is to
secure that republic of the immediate aid of
the United States of America in case of any
unprovoked movement of aggression against
her on the part of Germany. I earnestly hope
that the treaty will meet with your cordial
approval and will receiye an early ratification
at your hands, along- with the treaty of peace
with Germany.
"Now that you have "had an opportunity to
examine the great document I presented to
you two weeks ago, it seems opportune to
lay before you this treaty, which is meant to
be. in effect, a part of it. It was signed on
the same day with the treaty of peace and is
intended as a temporary supplement to it.
"It is believed that the treaty of peace with
Germany itself provides adequate protection
to France against aggression from her recent
enemy on the east, but the years immediately
ahead of us contain many incalculable pos-
sibilities. The covenant of the league of
nations provides for military action for the
protection of its members only upon advice of
the council of the league — advice given, it is
to be presumed, only upon deliberation and
acted upon by each of the governments of
the member states only if its own judgment
justifies such action.
"The object of the special treaty with
France which I now submit to you is to pro-
vide for immediate military assistance to
France by the United States in case of any
unprovoked movement of aggression against
her by Germany without waiting for the ad-
vice of the council of the league of nations
that such action be taken.
"It is to be an arrangement not independent
of the league of nations but under it. It
is therefore expressly provided that this
treaty shall be made the subject of consid-
eration at the same time with the treaty of
peace with Germany: that this special arrange-
ment shall receive the approval of the council
of the league: and that this special provision
for the safety of France shall remain in force
only until, upon the application of one of the
parties to it. the council of the league,
acting, if necessary, by a majority vote, shall
agree that the provisions of the covenant of
the league afford her sufficient protection.
"I was moved to sign this treaty by consid-
erations which will, I hope, seem as persuasive
and as irresistible to you as they seemed to
me. We are bound to Francs by ties of friend-
ship which we have always regarded, and
shall always regard, as peculiarly sacred. She
assisted us to win our freedom as a nation.
It is seriously to be doubted whether we could
have w.on it without her gallant nnd timely
aid. We have recently had the privilege of
assisting in driving enemies, who were also
enemies of the world, from her soil: but that
does not pay our debt to her. Nothing can
pay such a debt. She now desires that we
should promise to lend our great force to
keep her safe against the power she has had
most reason to fear. Another great nation
volunteers the same promise. It is one of the
fine reversals of history that that other nation
should be the very power from whom France
fought to set us free. A new day has dawned.
Old antagonisms are forgotten. The common
cause of freedom and enlightenment has cre-
ated new comradeships and a new perception
of what it is wise and necessary for great
nations to do to free the world of intolerable
fear. Two governments who wish to be mem-
bers of the league of nations ask leave of the
council of the league to be permitted to go
to the assistance of a friend whose situation
has been found to be one of peculiar peril,
without awaiting the advice of the league to
act.
"It is by taking such pledges as this that
we prove ourselves faithful to the utmost to
the high obligations of gratitude and tested
friendship. Such an act as this seems to me
one of the proofs that we are a people that
sees the true heart of duty and prefers honor
to its own separate course of peace.
"WOODROW WILSON."
ASSISTANCE TO FRANCE IN THE EVENT
OF UNPROVOKED AGGRESSION BY
GERMANY.
Agreement Between the United States and
France, Signed at Versailles June 28, 1919.
Whereas the United States of America and
the French republic are equally animated by
the desire to maintain the peace of the
world so happily restored by the treaty of
peace signed at Versailles the 28th day of
June. 1919, putting an end to the war be-
gun by the aggression of the German em-
pire and ended by the defeat of that power;
and
Whereas the United States of America and the
French republic are fully persuaded that an
unprovoked movement of aggression by Ger-
many against France would not only violate
both the letter and the spirit of the treaty
of Versailles, to which the United States of
America and the French republic are par-
ties, thus exposing France anew to the in-
tolerable burdens of an unprovoked war, but
that such an aggression on the part of Ger-
many would be and is so regarded by the
treaty of Versailles as a hostile act against
all the powers signatory to that treaty and
as calculated to disturb the peace of the
world by involving, inevitably and directly,
the states of Europe, and indirectly, as ex-
perience has amply and unfortunately demon-
strated, the world at large; and
Whereas the United States of America and
the French republic fear that the stipula-
tions relating to the left bank of the Rhine
contained in the treaty of Versailles may
not at first provide adequate security and
protection to France, on the one hand, arfd
the United States of America as one of the
signatories of the treaty of Versailles, on
the other;
Therefore the United States of America and
the French republic having decided to con-
clude a treaty to effect these necessary pur-
poses, Woodrow Wilson, president of the
United States of America, and Robert Lansing,
secretary of state of the United States, spe-
cially authorized thereto by the president of
the United States, and Georges Clemenceau.
president of the council, minister of war, and
Stephen Pichon. minister of foreign af-
fairs, specially authorized thereto by Ray-
mond Poincare. president of the French re-
public, have agreed upon the following arti-
cles:
Article I.
In case the following stipulations relating
to the left bank of the Rhine contained in
the treaty of peace with Germany signed at
Versailles the 28th day of June, 1919. by
the United States of America, the French
republic and the British empire, among other
powers—
"Art. 42. Germany is forbidden to maintain
or construct any fortifications either on the
left bank of the Rhine or on the right bank
680
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
to the west of a line drawn 50 kilometers
to the east of the Rhine.
"Art. 43. In the area denned above the
maintenance and assembly of armed forces,
either permanently or temporarily, and mili-
tary maneuvers of any kind, as well as the
upkeep of all permanent works for mobiliza-
tion, are in the same way forbidden.
"Art. 44. In case Germany violates in any
manner whatever the provisions of articles 42
and 43 she shall be regarded as committing
a hostile act against the powers signatory of
the present treaty and as calculated to dis-
turb the peace of the world."
—may not at first provide adequate security
and protection to Prance, the United States of
America shall be bound to come immediately
to her assistance in the event of any unpro-
voked movement of aggression against her be-
ing- made by Germany.
Article II.
The present treaty, in similar terms with
the treaty of even date for the same pur-
pose concluded between Great Britain and
the French republic, a copy of which treaty
is annexed hereto, will only come into force
when the latter is ratified.
Article III.
The present treaty must be submitted to
the council of the league of nations and
must be recognized by the council, acting if
need be by a majority, as an engagement
which is consistent with the covenant of
the league. It will continue in force until
on the application of one of the parties
to it the council, acting if need be by a
majority, agrees that the league itself af-
fords sufficient protection.
Article IV.
The present treaty will be submitted to the
senate of the United States at the same time
as the treaty of Versailles is submitted to
the senate for its advice and consent to
ratification. It will be submitted before
ratification to the French chambers of dep-
uties for approval. The ratification thereof
will be exchanged on the deposit of ratifi-
cations of the treaty of Versailles at Paris
or as soon thereafter as shall be possible.
In faith whereof the respective plenipoten-
tiaries, to wit. on the part of the United
States of America. Wojdrow Wilson, president,
and Robert Lansing, secretary of state, of the
United States: and on the part of the French
republic. Georges Clemenceau, president of
the council of ministers, minister of war, and
Stephen Pichon. minister of foreign affairs,
have signed the above articles both in the
English and French languages, and they have
hereunto affixpd their seals.
Done in duplicate at the city of Versailles
on the 28th day of June, in the year of our
Lord 1919, and the one hundred and forty-
third of the Independence of the United
States of America.
WOODROW WILSON.
ROBERT LANSING.
CLEMENCEAU.
S. PICHON.
BRITISH TREATY WITH FRANCE.
Assistance to France in the Event of Unpro-
voked Aggression by Germany.
Whereas there is a danger that the stipula-
tions relating to the left bank of the Rhine
contained in the treaty ef peace, signed this
day at Versailles, may not at first provide
adequate security and protection to the
French republic: and
Whereas his Britannic majesty is willing, sub-
ject to the consent of his parliament and
provided that a similar obligation is en-
tered into by the United States of America,
to undertake to support the French gov-
ernment in the case of an unprovoked move-
ment of aggression being made against
France by Germany; and
Whereas his Britannic majesty and the presi-
dent of the French republic have determined
to conclude a treaty to that effect and
have named as their plenipotentiaries for
the purpose: that is to say:
His majesty the king of the united kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Brit-
ish dominions beyond the seas, emperor of
India: the Rt. Hon. David Lloyd George,
M. P.. first lord of his treasury and prime
minister; the Rt. Hon. Arthur James Bal-
four. O. M., M. P., his secretary of state for
foreign affairs.
The president of the French republic: M.
Georges Clemenceau. president of the council,
minister of war: M. Stephen Pichon, min-
ister of foreign affairs; who having commu-
nicated their full powers found in good and
due form have agreed as follows:
Article I.
In case the following stipulations relating
to the left bank of the Rhine contained in
the treaty of peace with Germany signfMi at
Versailles the 28th day of June. 1919. by
the British empire, the French republic, and
the United States of America, among other
powers — >
"Art. 42. Germany is forbidden to main-
tain or construct any fortifications either
on the left bank of the Rhine or on the
right bank to the west of a line drawn 50
kilometers to the east of the Rhine.
"Art. 43. In the area defined above the
maintenance and assembly of armed forces,
either permanently or temporarily, and mili-
tary maneuvers of any kind, as well as the
upkeep of all permanent works for mobiliza-
tion, are in the same way forbidden.
"Art. 44. In case Germany violates in any
manner whatever the provisions of articles
42 and 43 she shall be regarded as commit-
ting a hostile act against the powers signatory
of the present treaty and as calculated to
disturb the peace of the world."
—may not at first provide adequate security
and protection to France. Great Britain agrees
to come immediately to her assistance in the
event of any unprovoked movement of aggres-
sion against her being made by Germany.
Article II.
The present treaty, in similar terms with
the treaty of even date for the same pur-
pose concluded between the French republic
and the United States of America, a copy of
which treaty is annexed hereto, will only
I come into force when the latter is ratified.
Article III.
The present treaty must be submitted to
the council of the league of nations and must
be recognized by the council, acting if need
be by a majority, as an engagement which is
consistent with the covenant of the league;
it will continue in force until, on the applica-
tion of one of the parties to it. the council,
acting if need be by a majority, agrees that
the league itself affords sufficient protection.
Article IV.
The present treaty shall, before ratification
by his majesty, be submitted to parliament
for approval.
It shall, before ratification by the president
of the French republic, be submitted to the
French chambers for approval.
Article V.
The present treaty shall impose no obliga-
ion upon any ol the dominions of the British
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
681
empire unless and until it is approved by the
parliament of the dominion concerned.
The present treaty shall be ratified and shall,
subject to Articles II. and IV., come into force
at the same time as the treaty of peace with
Germany of even date comes into force for
the British empire and the French republic.
In faith whereof the above named pleni-
potentiaries have signed the present treaty,
drawn up in the English and French languages.
Done in duplicate at Versailles on the 28th
day of June, 1919.
D. LLOYD GEORGE.
ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR.
CLEMENCEAU.
S. PICHON.
INTERNATIONAL LABOR CONFERENCE.
In accordance with the annex to the labor
section of the peace treaty with Germany (see
Sage 617 this volume) the government of the
nited States summoned the first international
labor conference to hold its sessions in Wash-
ing-ton. D. C.. beginning Oct. 29. 1919. On
that date the representatives of thirty-six
countries assembled in the Pan-American
building1 in the national capital and began
their deliberations. These were still in prog-
ress late in November. The United States
was put in a somewhat awkward position by
the failure of the senate to ratify the peace I
treaty, but the delegates invited representatives
of American labor to be present unofficially.
Addresses were made by W. B. Wilson, sec-
retary of labor, and Samuel Gompers, presi-
dent of the American Federation of Labor, and
the former was elected president of the con-
ference.
Delegates sent by German and Austrian la-
bor bodies were present, being admitted by a
vote of seventy-one to one. A French dele-
gate was the only one voting in opposition.
The matters considered at the early sessions
of the conference included the eight hour day.
the forty-eight hour week and unemployment.
INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF WORKING
WOMEN.
An international congress of working women
wa* held in Washington. D. C.. from Oct. 28
to Nov. 6. 1919. Fifteen countries were rep-
resented by delegates. Mrs. Raymond Robins
of Chicago, president of the National Women'*
Trade Union league, under the auspices of
which the conference was held, presided. Sub-
jects of importance to working women were
considered and resolutions asking state aid for
mothers, an eight hour day and forty-four
hour week and a weekly rest period of at
least one day and a half were adopted. It
was decided to postpone the whole question
of a permanent organization until 1920.
ARMISTICE DAY OBSERVED.
Nov. 11. 1919. the first anniversary of the
cessation of fighting in the great war under
the terms of the armistice, was generally ob-
served throughout the United States and the
allied countries in Europe. The day was not
observed as a holiday but was marked by
numerous meetings and by messages to the
people from men who took a leading part in
the war and in the peace conference. Presi-
dent Poincare of France sent a special mes-
sage to the American people, while President
Wilson from his sick room in the White House
issued the following statement:
"A year ago to-day our enemies laid down
their arms in accordance with an armistice
which rendered them impotent to renew hos-
tilities, and gave to the world an assured
opportunity to reconstruct its shattered order
and to work out in peace a new and juster
set of international relations.
"The soldiers and people of the European
allies had fought and endured for more than
four years to uphold the barrier of civilization
against the aggressions of armed force. We
ourselves had been in the conflict something
more than a year and a half.
"With splendid forgetfulness of mere per- i
LEGION VETERANS SHOT BY I. W. W.
While armistice day. was being celebrated in
Oentralia. Wash., Nov. 11. 1919, three mem-
bers of the American legion recently returned
from France were shot and killed as the pro-
cession in which they were taking part passed
the Industrial Workers of the World hall. An-
other % veteran was killed a little later. Four
others were wounded. Members of the legion
immediately started in pursuit of the men
who had done the shooting. Britt Smith,
secretary of the local branch of the I. W. W.,
was caught and lynched. In the evening a
mob wrecked the headquarters of the com-
munist labor party and the offices of the
World, a socialist organ. It was said that
the shooting was a premeditated affair and
that the purpose was to get even with cer-
tain soldiers who had been active in combat-
ing the activities of the "reds" in the dis-
trict. A company of state guards was sent
to Centralia on the llth and restored order.
sonal concerns, we remodeled our industries,
concentrated our financial resources, increased
our agricultural output and assembled a great
army, so that at the last our power was a
decisive factor in the victory. We were able
to bring the vast resources, material and
moral, pf a great and free people to the as-
sistance of our associates in Europe who had
suffered and sacrificed without limit in the
cause for which we fought.
"Ovtt of this victory there arose new po»-
sibilities of political freedom and economic
concert. The war showed us the strength of
great nations acting together for high pur-
poses, and the victory of arms foretells the
enduring conquests which can be made in
peace when nations act justly, and in further-
ance of the common interests of men.
"To us in America the reflections of armi-
stice day will be filled with solemn pride in
the heroism of those who died in the coun-
try's service, and with gratitude for the vic-
tory, both because of the thing from which
it has freed us and because of the opportunity
it has given America to show her sympathy
with peace and justice in the councils of na-
tions. WOODROW WILSON."
CARNEGIE REPORT ON COST OF THE WAR.
The Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace made a comprehensive report Nov. 17.
1919. on the direct and indirect costs of the
war. The direct cost in money, it said,
amounted to $186.000.000.000 and the indi-
rect costs to almost as much more. The cap-
italized value of soldier lives lost was placed
at 533.551.276.280. Other items in the direct
and indirect losses were these:
Property loss on land. $29, 960. 000.000: on
water. 56.800,000,000: on production. $45.-
000.000.000; war relief. $1.000,000,000: loss
to neutrals. 81.750.000.000; total indirect
costs to nations, belligerent and neutral, $151,-
612.542.560.
The number of known dead in the war ia
placed at 9,998,771 and of the presumed dead
2.991,800— a total of 12.990.571.
The report was prepared by Ernest L. Bo-
gart. professor of economics in the University
of Illinois.
682
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE.
Conference began— Jan. 18, 1919.
Nations represented— 27.
German peace treaty signed— June 28.
Ratified by Italy— Oct. 7.
Ratified by Britain— Oct. 10.
Ratified by France— Oct. 21,
Ratified by Japan— Oct. 30.
Laid before U. S. senate— July 10.
Rejected by senate— Nov. 19.
Austrian peace treaty signed— Sept. 10.
Bulgarian peace treaty signed— Nov. 27.
On the preceding- pages of this volume will
be found the chief fruits of the great peace
conference held in Paris beginning1 formally
Jan. 18. 1919, and continuing- almost to the
closing1 days of the year. The full text of
the treaty of peace with Germany, including
the covenant of the league of nations which
caused such a worldwide discussion, is repro-
duced on pages 549-620: of the treaty with
Poland on pages 620-624; and of the treaty of
peace with Austria on pages 625-681. It now re-
mains to tell something of the way in which
these results were brought about and to re-
count some of the more dramatic incidents
attending the negotiations.
In view of the fact that President Wil-
son's "fourteen points" as formulated by
him in a speech before the American con-
gress on Jan. 8, 1918, formed the basis of
most of the claims laid before the peace
conference and figured largely in the nego-
tiations they are reprinted here lor conven-
ience of reference:
No Private Understandings.
"I. Open covenants of peace, openly ar-
rived at, after which there shall be no private
international understandings of any kind, but
diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and
in the public view.
Freedom of Seas.
"II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon
the seas outside territorial waters, alike in
peace and in war. except as the seas may be
closed in whole or in part by international ac-
tion for the enforcement of international cove-
nants.
No Economic Barriers.
"III. The removal, so far as possible, of all
economic barriers and the establishment of an
equality of trade conditions among all the na-
tions consenting to the peace and associating
themselves for its maintenance.
Reduce National Armaments.
"IV. Adequate guaranties given and taken
that national armaments will be reduced to
the lowest point consistent with domestic
safety.
Colonial Claims.
"V. A free, open minded and absolutely im-
partial adjustment of all colonial claims,
based upon a strict observance of the princi-
ple that in determining all such questions of
sovereignty the interests of the populations
concerned must have equal weight with the
equitable claims of the government whose title
is to be determined.
Russian Territory.
"VI. The evacuation of all Russian terri-
tory and such a settlement of all questions af-
fecting Russia as will secure the best and
freest co-oneration of the other nations of the
world in obtaining- for her an unhampered and
unembarrassed opportunity for the independent
determination of her own political develop-
United States.
France.
ment and national policy and assure her of
a sincere welcome into the society of free
nations under institutions of her own choos-
ing, and, more than a welcome, assistance
also of every kind that she may need and may
herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia
by her sister nations in the months to come
will be the acid test of their good will of
their comprehension of her needs as distin-
guished from their own interests and of their
intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
Restoration of Belgium.
"VH. Belgium, the whole world will agree.
must be evacuated and restored, without any
attempt to limit the sovereignty which she en-
joys in common with all other free nations.
No other single act will serve as this will
serve to restore confidence among the nations
in the laws which they have themselves set
and determined for the government of their
relations with one another. Without this
healing act the whole structure and validity
of international law is forever impaired.
Alsace-Lorraine to France.
"VHI. All French territory should be freed
and the invaded portions restored and the
wrong- done to France by Prussia in 1871 in
the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which hag un-
settled the peace of the world for nearly
fifty years, should be righted in order that
peace may once more be made secure in the
interest of all.
New Frontiers for Italy.
"IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of
Italy should be effected along clearly recog-
nizable lines of nationality.
Autonomy in Austria-Hungary.
*'X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose
place among the nations we wish to see safe-
guarded and assured, should be accorded the
freest opportunity of autonomous develop-
ment.
Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro.
"XI. Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro
should be evacuated; occupied territories re-
stored; Serbia accorded free and secure ac-
cess to the sea. and the relations of the sev-
eral Balkan states to one another determined
by friendly counsel along historically estab-
lished lines of allegiance and nationality; and
international guaranties of the political and
economic independence and territorial integrity
of the several Balkan states should be en-
tered into.
Autonomy in Turkey.
"XII. The Turkish portions of the present
Ottoman empire should be assured a secure
sovereignty, but the other nationalities which
are now under Turkish rule should be as-
sured an undoubted security of life and an
absolutely unmolested opportunity of au-
tonomous development, and the Dardanelles
should be permanently opener! as a free pas-
sage to the ships and commerce of all nations
under international guaranties.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
683
n° • Western Newspaper t'nion.
D. LLOYD GEORGE. V. E. ORLANDO.
Great Britain. Italy.
For an Independent Poland.
"XIII. An independent Polish state should
be erected which should include the territories
inhabited by indisputably Polish populations,
which should be assured a free and secure ac-
cess to the sea and whose political and eco-
nomic independence and territorial integrity
should be guaranteed by international cove
nant.
League of Nations.
"XIV. A general association of nations
must be formed under specific covenants for
the purpose of affording- mutual guaranties
of political independence and territorial in-
tegrity to great and small states alike."
PRELIMINARY MEETINGS.
Delegates to the peace conference assembled
in Paris early in January. 1919 and meetings
formal and informal, took place at which the
groundwork for the congress was laid. There
was an exchange of views between the repre-
sentatives of the leading powers at the French
foreign office on Jan. 12. Methods of proce-
dure, representation and other matters of im-
portance were discussed. This was the first
meeting of what was called the "supreme
council," consisting in this instance of Presi
dent Wilson and the premiers and foreign min
isters of the four great powers, the Uni.ted
States. Great Britain. France and Italy. One
of the things which had already been decided
upon was that the real work of the congress
was to be done at the Quai D'Orsay, or French
foreign office in Paris, and not at Versailles,
where, however, the actual signing of the
treaty was to take place.
One of the first problems facing the peace
delegates was the question of publicity of the
proceedings. Newspaper correspondents ask^d
that they be admitted to the sessions of the
conference and to report them without re-
strictions, their contention being based on the
first of President Wilson's fourteen points that
"diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and
in the public view." The matter was consid-
ered at a meeting of the supreme council Jan.
17 and the decision was arrived at that th?
difficult and delicate nature of tne negotiations
precluded publicity until after conclusions had
been reached. "If." said the council, "prema-
ture publicity is given to the negotiations ths
proceedings of the peace conference would be
interminably protracted and the deleg ?. tes would
be forced to speak not only of the business
before the conference, but to cpncern them-
selves with the controversies which had been
raised by the account of their proceedings
outside."
With regard to the full conferences the fol-
lowing- rule was adopted:
"Representatives of the press shall be ad-
mitted to the meetings of the full conference,
but upon necessary occasions the deliberations
of the conference may be held in camera."
CONFERENCE REGULATIONS.
Though the regulations governing the work
of the conference were not published until
July 19. the day after the first formal session
of the congress, they were agreed upon before
Copyright, Harris & L»..., Western Newspaper Union.
A. J. BALFOUR. E. VENIZELOS.
Great Britain. Greece,
that date in the preliminary meetings. They
were as follows:
1. The conference assembled to fix the con-
ditions of peace, first in the preliminaries of
peace and then in the definite treaty of peace,
shall include the representatives of the bellig-
erent allied and associated powers.
The belligerent powers with general inter-
ests, the United States of America, the Brit-
ish empire, France, Italy, and Japan, shall take
part in all meetings and commissions.
The belligerent powers with particular in-
terests. Belgium, Brazil, the British dominions
and India. China. Cuba. Greece. Guatemala.
Haiti. Hedjaz, Honduras, Liberia. Nicaragua,
Panama. Poland, Portugal. Roumania. Serbia.
Siam and the Czec no-Slovak republic, shall
take part in the sittings at which questions
concerning them are discussed.
The powers in a state of diplomatic rupture
with the enemy powers. Bolivia. Ecuador.
Peru, and Uruguay, shall take part in the sit-
tings at which questions concerning1 them are
discussed.
The neutral powers and states in process of
formation may be heard either orally or in
writing when summoned by the powers with,
general interests at sittings devoted especially
to the examination of questions directly con-
cerning them, but only so far as these ques-
tions are concerned.
2. The powers shall be represented by pleni-
potentiary delegates to the number of: Five
for the United States of America, the British
empire. France, Italy and Japan: three for
Belgium. Brazil and Serbia: two for China.
Greece, the king of Hedjaz, Poland. Portugal.
Roumania, Siam and the Czecho-Slovak re-
public; one for Cuba. Guatemala. Haiti, Hon-
duras. Liberia. Nicaragua and Panama: one
for Bolivia. Ecuador. Peru and Uruguay.
The British dominions and India shall be
represented as follows: Two delegates each
for Australia, Canada, South Africa and India,
including the native states; one delegate for
New Ze-land.
Although the number of delegates may not
exceed the figures above mentioned, each del-
egation has the right to avail itself of the
panel system. The representation of the do-
minions, including Newfoundland, and of India,
may be included in the representation of the
British empire by the panel system.
Montenegro shall be represented by one dele-
gate, but the rules concerning the designation
of this delegate shall not be fixed until the
moment when the political situation of this
country shall have been cleared up.
The conditions of the representation of
Russia shall be fixed by the conference at the
moment when the matters concerning Russia
are examined.
3. Each delegation of plenipotentiaries may
be accompanied by technical delegates prop-
erly accredited and by two stenographers.
The technical delegates may be present at
the sittings for the purpose of furnishing
information which may be asked of them.
They shall be allowed t.o speak for the pur-
pose of giving any desired explanations.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Copyright, Harrij & Swing.
S. SONNINO. MARQUIS SAIONJI.
Italy. Japan.
4. The delegates take precedence according
tc the alphabetical order, in French, of the
powers.
5. The conferepce will be declared open by
the president of the French republic. The
president of the council of French ministers
will be invested temporarily with the chair-
manship immediately after this. (M. Clem-
enceau was elected permanent chairman of
the conference.) A committee composed of
one plenipotentiary of each of the great
allied or associated powers shall proceed at
once to the authentication of the credentials
of all the members present.
6. In the course of the first meeting1 the
conference will proceed to appoint a perma-
nent president and four vice-presidents chosen
from the plenipotentiaries of the great pow-
ers in alphabetical order.
7. A secretariat, appointed from outside
the plenipotentiaries, composed of one repre-
sentative of the United States of America, one
of the British empire, one of France, one of
Italy and one of Japan, will be submitted to
the approval of the conference by the pres-
ident, who will be the controlling- authority
responsible for its operations.
This secretariat will be intrusted with the
care of drafting1 the protocols of the meeting,
of classifying1 the archives, of providing for
the administration and organization of the con-
ference, and g-enerally of insuring the regu-
lar and punctual working1 of the service in-
trusted to it. The head of the secretariat
shall have charge of and be responsible for
the protocols and archives.
The archives always will be open to the
members of the conference.
8. The publicity of the proceeding's shall
be insured by official communiques prepared
by the secretariat and made public. In case of
disagreement as to the drafting of these
communiques, the matter shall be referred to
the principal plenipotentiaries or their rep-
resentatives.
9. Reserved.
10. All documents intended for inclusion in
the protocols must be handed in in writing by
the plenipotentiaries presenting them. No
document of a proposition may be submitted
save by one of the plenipotentiaries or in his
name.
11. Plenipotentiaries wishing to make a
proposal not connected with the question on
the agenda or not arising from the discussion
shall give notice of the same twenty-four
hours in advance, in order to facilitate the
discussions. However, exceptions can be
made to this rule in the case of amendments
or secondary questions, but not in the case
of substantive proposals.
12. Petitions, memoranda, observations or
documents forwarded to the conference by any
persons other than plenipotentiaries must be
received and classified by the secretariat. Such
of these communications as are just political
will be briefly summarized in a line, to be
distributed to all the plenipotentiaries. This
Copyright, Harris & Ewing Lniierwood i Underwood.
TSENG TSIANG LOU. FRANK L. POLK.
China. / United States.
list will be kept up to date as analogous
communications are received. All such doc-
uments will be deposited in the archives.
13 The discussipn of the question to be
decided will comprise a first and second read-
ing1. The first will consist of the general
subject, with the object of obtaining an agree-
ment on matters of importance. Subsequently
there will be a second reading1 for a more
detailed examination.
14. The plenipotentiaries shall have the
right, subject to the agreement with the con-
ference, to authorize their technical delegates
to submit technical explanations on such points
as may be deemed lawful.
If the conference thinks advisable the tech-
nical examinations of any particular question
may be intrusted to a committee of technical
delegates, whose duty will be to report and
suggest solutions.
15. The protocols drawn up by the secre-
tariat shall be printed and distributed in
proof to the delegates in the shortest possible
time. To expedite the work by the confer-
ence the communications thus made in ad-
vance shall take the place of the reading of
the protocol at the beginning of each meeting.
If no alteration is proposed by the plenipo-
tentiaries the text shall be deemed approved
and entered in the archives.
If any alteration is proposed its text shall
be read by the president at the beginning of
the following1 meeting. In any case the pro-
tocol must be read out in full at the request
of any plenipotentiary.
16. A committee shall be formed for
drafting1 the resolutions adopted. This com-
mittee shall concern itself only with questions
which have been decided. Its sole duty shall
be to draw up the text of the decision adopted
and to present it for the approval of the
conference.
It shall be composed of five members not
forming- part of the plenipotentiary dele-
g-ates and composed of one representative of
the United States of America, one of the
British empire, one of France, one of Italy and
one of Japan.
OPENING SESSION OF CONGRESS.
The first formal, public session of the peace
congress was held Jan. 18 in the splendid
Salle de la Paix. formerly known as the
Salle d'Horloge. in the ministry of foreign
affairs on the Seine across from the Place de
la Concorde. It was attended by all the lead-
ing delegates and many other distinguished
persons from various parts of the world. The
proceedings began just after 3 o'clock in the
afternoon when President Poincare of France
arose and said:
"Gentlemen: France greets and thanks you
for having- chosen as the seat of your labors
the city which for more than four years the
enemy has made his principal military ob-
jective and which the valor of the allied ar-
mies has victoriously defended against un-
ceasingly renewed offensives.
LEON BOURGEOIS.
France.
PAUL HYMANS.
Belgium.
Underwood & Underwood.
E. M. HOUSE.
United States.
Clinedinst. Copyright, 1 18.
ROBERT LANSING.
United States.
"Permit me to see in your decision the hom-
age of all the nations that you represent
toward a country which, more than any
other, has endured the sufferings of war, of
which entire provinces have been transformed
into a vast battle field and have been sys-
tematically laid waste by the invader, and
which has paid the human tribute in death.
"France has borne these enormous sacri-
fices although she had not the slightest re-
sponsibility for the frightful catastrophe which
bas overwhelmed the universe. And at the
moment when the cycle of horror is ending
all the powers whose delegates are assembled
here may acquit themselves of any share in
the crime which has resulted in so unprece-
dented a disaster.
"What gives you the authority to establish
a peace of justice is the fact that none of
the peoples of whom you are the delegates
has had any part in the injustice. Humanity
can place confidence in you because you are
not among those who have outraged the
rights of humanity.
"There is no need of further information or
of special inquiries into the origin of the
drama which has just shaken the world. The
truth, bathed in blood, has already escaped
from the imperial archives. The premeditated
character of the trap is to-day clearly proved.
"In the hope of conquering first the hegem-
ony of Europe and next the mastery of the
world, the central empires, bound together by
a secret plot, found the most abominable of
pretexts for trying to crush Serbia and force
their way to the east. At the same time they j
disowned the most solemn undertakings in or-
der to crush Belgium and force their way
into the heart of France.
"These are the two unforgettable outrages
which opened the way to aggression. The
combined efforts of Great Britain. France, and
Russia were exerted' against that man-made
arrogance.
"If. after long vicissitudes, those who
wished to reign by the sword have perished
by the sword, they have only themselves to
blame. They have been destroyed by their
own blindness.
"What could be more significant than the
shameful bargains they attempted to offer to
Great Britain and France at the end of July,
1914, when to Great Britain they suggested:
'Allow us to attack France on land and we
will riot enter the channel." and when they
instructed their ambassador to say to France:
'We will only accept a declaration of neutral-
ity on your part if you surrender to us Briey,
Tqul and Verdun'? It is in the light of these
things, gentlemen, that all the conclusions you
will have to draw from the war will take
shape. * * *
"From the north to the south the new
world arose with indignation when it saw
the empires of central Europe, after having
let loose the war without provocation and
without excuse, carry it on with fire, pillagre
and the massacre of inoffensive beings.
"The intervention of the United States was
something more, something greater than a
great political and military event. It was a
supreme judgment passed at the bar of history
by the lofty conscience of a free people and
their chief magistrate on the enormous respon-
sibilities incurred in the frightful conflict which
was lacerating- humanity.
"It was not only to protect itself from the
audacious aims of German megalomania that
the United States equipped fleets and created
immense armies, >but also, and above all. to
defend an ideal of liberty over which it saw
the huge shadow of the imperial eagle en-
croaching farther every day. America, the
daughter of Europe, crossed the ocean to res-
cue her mother from the humiliation of
thralldom and to save civilization.
"The American people wished to put an end
to the greatest scandal that has ever sullied the
annals of mankind. Auiocratic governments,
having proposed in the secrecy of the chan-
celleries and the general staff a mad program
of universal dominion, let loose their packs
at the time fixed by their genius for intrigue
and sounded the horns for the chase, ordering:
science (at the very time it was beginning
to abolish distances, to bring men closer to-
gether and make life sweeter) to leave the
bright sky toward which it was soaring and
to place itself submissively at the service of
violence; debasing- the religious idea to the
extent of making God the complacent aux-
iliary of their passions and the accomplice of
their crimes— in short, counting as naught the
traditions and wills of peoples, the lives of
citizens, the honor of women and all those
principles of public and private morality
which we for our part have endeavored to
keep unaltered throughout the war, and which
neither nations nor individuals can repudiate
or disregard with impunity. * * *
"The solidarity which has united us during
the war and has enabled us to win military
success ought to remain unimpaired during
the negotiations for and after the signing of
the treaty.
"It is not only the governments but free
peoples who are represented here. To the
test of danger they have learned to know and
help one another. They want their intimacy
of yesterday to assure the peace of to-morrow.
Vainly would our enemies seek to divide us.
If they have not yet renounced their custom-
ary maneuvers, they will soon find that they
are meeting- to-day, as during the hostilities,
a homogeneous block which nothing: will be
able to disintegrate. Even before the armi-
stice you reached that iinity under the aid of
the lofty moral and political truths of which
President Wilson has nobly made himself the
interpreter, and in the light of these truths you
intend to accomplish your mission. * * *
"While introducing into the world as much
harmony as possible, you will, in conformity
with the fourteenth of the propositions unani-
mously adopted by the great allied powers, es-
686
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Clinedinrt, Copyright. 1018. Clinedinst, Copyright, 1918.
GEN. T. H. BLISS. HENRY WHITE.
United States. United States,
tablish a general league of nations which will
be the supreme guaranty against any fresh
assault upon the rights of peoples.
"You do not intend this international asso-
ciation to be directed against anybody in the
future. It will not, of a set purpose, shut
out anybody, but. having been organized by
the nations that have sacrificed themselves in
the defense of right, it will receive from them
its statutes and fundamental rules.
"It will lay down conditions concerning:
present or future adherence, and. as it is to
b.ave for its essential aim the prevention as
far as possible of the renewals of wars, it
will, above all. seek to gain respect for the
peace which you will have established and
will find it the less difficult to maintain in
proportion as this peace will in itself imply
the greater realities of justice and safer guar-
anties of stability.
"By establishing this new order of things
you will meet the aspirations of humanity,
which, after the frightful convulsions of the
blood stained years, ardently wishes to feel
itself protected by a union of free peoples
against every possible revival of primitive
"An immortal glory will attach to the
names of the nations and the men who have
desired to co-operate in this grand work in
faith and brotherhood, and who have taken
the pains to eliminate from the future peace
causes of disturbance and instability.
"This very day forty-eight years ago — on the
18th of January. 1871 — the German empire
was proclaimed by an army of invasion in
the chateau at Versailles. It was consecrated
by the theft of two French provinces. It was
thus a violation from its origin, and by the
fault of its founders it was born in injustice.
It has ended in oblivion.
"You are assembled in order to repair the
evil that has been done and to prevent a
recurrence of it. You hold in your hands the
future of the world. I leave you gentlemen
to your grave deliberations and declare the
conference of Paris open."
Wifson Xames Clemertceau as Chairman.
When President Poincare had concluded his
address and retired from the hall President
Wilson arose and nominated Premier Clemen-
ceau of France for permanent chairman of the
conference. He said:
"Mr. Chairman: It gives me great pleasure
to propose as permanent chairman of the con-
ference M. Clemenceau. the president of the
council.
"I would do this as a matter of custom. I
would do this as a tribute to the French re-
pr~ lie. But I wish to do it as something
more than that. I wish to do it as a tribute
to the man.
"France deserves the precedence not only
because we are meeting at her capital and
because uhe has undergone some of the most
tragical suffering of the war. but also because
her capital, her ancient and beautiful capital,
has so often been the center of conferences of
Copyrizht. Harris & Ewing. Copyrizht, Harris & Ewinir.
LORD ROBERT CECIL. EMIR OF FEISAL
Great Britain. Hedjaz.
this sort, on which the fortunes of large
parts of the world turned.
"It is a very delightful thought that the
history of the world, which has so often
centered here, will now be crowned by the
achievements of this conference — because there
is a sense in which this is the supreme con-
ference in the history of mankind.
"More nations are represented here than
were ever represented in such a conference be-
fore. The fortunes of -all peoples are involved.
A great war is ended, which seemed about to
bring a universal cataclysm. The danger is
passed. A victory has been won for mankind,
and it is delightful that we should be able
to record these great results in this place.
"But it is more delightful to honor France
because we can honor her in the person of so
distinguished a servant. We have all felt in
our participation in the struggles of this war
the fine steadfastness which characterized the
leadership of the French in the hands of M.
Clemenceau. We have learned to admire him
and those of us who have been associated with
him have acquired a genuine affection for
him.
"Moreover, those of us who have been in
these recent days in constant consultation with
him know how warmly his purpose is set
toward the goal of achievement to which all
our faces are turned. He feels as we feel, as
I have no doubt everybody in this room feels,
that we are trusted to do a great thing, to
do it in the highest spirit of friendship and
accommodation, and to do it as promptly as
possible in order that the hearts of men may
have fear lifted from them and that they may
return to those purposes of life which will
bring them happiness and ' contentment and
prosperity.
"Knowing his brotherhood of heart in these
great matters, it affords me a personal pleas-
ure to propose that M. Clemenceau shall be
the permanent chairman of this conference."
Seconded by Lloyd George.
In seconding the nomination Premier Lloyd
George of Great Britain said:
"I count it not merely a pleasure but a
great privilege that I should be expected, on
behalf of the British empire delegates, to sup-
port the motion of President Wilson. I do so
for this reason which he has so eloquently
given expression to: as a tribute to the man.
When I was a schoolboy M. Clemenceau was
a compelling and conspicuous figure in the
politics of his native land and his fame had
extended far beyond the bounds of France.
"Were it not for that undoubted fact. Mr.
President. I should have treated as a legend
the common report of your years. I have
attended many conferences with M. Clemen-
ceau. and in them all the most vigorous, the
most enduring, and the most youthful figure
there has been that of M. Clemenceau. He
has had the youthfulness; he has had the
hopefulness and the fearlessness of youth. He
is indeed the 'grand young man' of France.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
687
and I am proud to stand here to propose that
he should take the chair in this great confer-
ence that is to settle the peace of the world.
"I know of none better qualified, or as well
Qualified, to occupy this chair than M.
Clamenceau. And I epeak from my experience
in its claim. He and I have not always agreed.
We have often agreed. We have sometimes dis-
agreed, and we have always expressed our dis-
agreements very emphatically because we are
"But. although there will be delays, and
inevitable delays, in the sig-ning of peace, due
to the inherent difficulties of what we have
to settle. I will guarantee, from my knowledge
of M. Clemenceau. that there will be no
waste of time. And that is important.
"The world is thirsting and hungering for
peace. There are millions of people who want
to get back to the world work of peace. And
the fact that M. Clemenceau is in the chair
will be proof that they will get there without
any delays which are due to anything except
the difficulties which are essential in what we
have to perform. He is one of the great
speakers of the world. But no one knows bet-
ter than he that the best speaking is that
which impels beneficent actions. . ,,,,,,
"I have another reason. During the aarK
days we have passed through his courage,
his unfailing courtesy, his untiring energy, his
inspiration have helped the allies through to
triumph, and I know of no one to whom that
victory is more attributable than the man WHO
eits in this chair. In his own person, more
than any living man. he represents the hero-
ism, he represents the genius of the indom-
itable people of his land.
"And for these reasons I count it a privilege
that I should be expected to second this mo-
tion." Response by Clemenceau.
In accepting the nomination Premier Clemen-
Ce"T<ra would not expect me to keep silence
alter what the tlwo eminent statesmen \vho
have just spoken have said. I cannot help
expressing my great, my profound gratitude
to the illustrious president of the United
States, and to the prime minister of Great
Britain, for the words I have just heard
from their lips.
"Long ago. when I was young, as Mr. Lloyd
George has recalled to you, when I was trav-
eling in America and in England, I always
heard the French reproached for an excess
of courtesy wftich sometimes went beyond
the truth.
"As I listened to the American statesman
and to the English statesman. I wondered
whether they had not caught in Paris our
national disease of courtesy. Nevertheless,
gentlemen. I must say that my election is
necessarily due to the old international tradi-
tion of courtesy to the country which has
the honor to receive the peace conference in
"I wish 'also to say that this testimony of
friendship, if they will allow to me the word,
on the part of President Wilson and Mr. Lloyd
George in particular, has touched me deeply
because I see in it a new strength for all
three of us to accomplish, with the co-opera-
tion of the entire conference, the arduous work
which is intrusted to us. I gather from it
a new confidence in the success of our efforts.
"President Wilson has special autho-it.v to
say that this is the first time in fact that
the world has ever seen assembled together a
delegation of all the civilized nations of the
"The greater the bloody catastrophe which
has devastated and ruined one of the richest
parts of France, the greater and more splen-
did must be the reparation — not only the ma-
terial reparation, the vulgar reparation, if 1
dare speak so. which is due all of us. but
the higher and nobler reparation of the new
institutions which we will try to establish, in
order that nations may at length escape from
the fatal embrace of ruinous wars, which de-
stroy everything, heap up ruins, terrorize the
populace and prevent them from going freely
about their work for fear of enemies which
may rise up from one day to the next.
"It is a great, splendid and noble ambi-
tion which has come to all of us. It is de-
sirable that success should crown our efforts.
This cannot take place unless we all have
firmly fixed and clearly determined ideas on
what we wish to do.
"I said in the chamber a few days ago and
I wish to repeat here, that success is not
possible unless we remain firmly united. We
have come together as friends; we must leave
this hall as friends.
"That, gentlemen, is the first thought that
comes to me. All else must be subordinated
to the necessity of a closer and closer union
among the nations which have taken part in
this great war and to the necessity of re-
maining friends. For the league of nations
is here. It is yourself. It is for you to make
it live and to make it live we must have it
really in our hearts.
'"As I told President Wilson a lew days agro
there is no sacrifice that I am not willing to
make in order to accomplish this, and I do
not doubt that you all have the same senti-
ment. We will make these sacrifices, but on
the condition that we endeavor impartially to
conciliate interests apparently contradictory on
the higher plane of a greater, happier and
better humanity.
"That, gentlemen, is what I had to say to
you. I am touched beyond words at the evi-
dence of good will and friendship which you
show me.
"The program of this conference has been
laid down by President Wilson. It is no
longer the peace of a more or less vast ter-
ritory, no longer the peace of continents: it
is the peace of nations that is to be made.
This program is sufficient in itself. There
is no superfluous word. Let us try to act
swiftly and well."
Beyond the making of these nnd other
speeches no business was transacted at The
opening conference, which ended at 4:40. After
announcing that the league of nations would
be placed at the head of the order of the day
at the next full session M. Clemenceau de-
clared the meeting adjourned.
PRESSING QUESTIONS TAKEN UP.
The delegates, a full list of whom will be
found on pages 549. 550, 321, 625 :ind 626
of this volume, settled down to work and
took up the questions that seemed most press-
ing. Among these were the drafting of the
covenant of the league of nations, the ques-
tion of the representation of Russia, inter-
national legislation on labpr, responsibilities
and punishments in connection with the war
reparations for war damages and international
regime of ports, waterways and railways. Much
of this work was intrusted to committees as-
sisted by advisers and experts. On Jan. 22 the
supreme council announced that it had invited
representatives of the Russi?n factions to
meet at Princes' islands in the Sea of Marmora
and arrange a settlement of their differences.
This conference, it may be said. n°ver took
place, the Russian envovs in Paris, headed by
Sergius Sazonoff. a former Russian foreign
minister, refusing- to sit with bolshevist assas-
sins either at the place named or elsewhere.
The Russian problem remained practically un-
solved throughout the conference.
FRAMERS OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS.
On Jan. 25 the general peace council decided
unanimously in favor of a league of nations.
688
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
the covenant to be framed by a special com-
mittee composed of members of all the asso-
ciated governments. Those for the five great
powers were:
For the United States — President Wilson and
Col. Edward M. House.
For Great Britain— Lord Robert Cecil and
Gen. Jan Christian Smuts.
For France — Leon Bourgeois and Ferdinand
Larnaude. dean of the faculty of law of the
University of Paris.
For Italy— Premier Orlando and Vittorio
Scialoia.
For Japan — Viscount Chinda and K. Ochiai.
TERRITORIAL CLAIMS BEFORE
CONFERENCE.
By the 3d of February the delegates of the
five great powers had before them practically
all of the territorial claims made by the va-
rious nations in the entente or friendly to it.
The United States presented no claim of this
character. Following were the desires of the
other countries:
France.
France wanted, first of all, Alsace-Lorraine
unconditionally and the rigrht to discuss and
ultimately to fix the French frontiers in their
relation to the Rhine, which might require
the/ creation of buffer states. One of these
would be the Palatinate and another Rhenish
Prussia. France desired also to annex the
basin of the Saar river, which might be
called reannexation.
France insisted that so far as the left bank
of the Rhine farther to the north was con-
cerned, the conference should forbid military
works of any kind— barracks, bridgeheads,
forts and fortresses — in that zone. The feel-
ing was that the people inhabiting that zone
should be free to decide for themselves
whether they wished to join France, form an
independent state or return to Germany.
The French government did not ask for a
protectorate in Syria in the ordinary sense,
because it considered that the population
there was too advanced to make a protecto-
rate necessary; but France, on account of
her traditional interests in that country, felt
that she should be called upon to exercise
some sort of guardianship or guidance until
Syria should be fully able to govern herself.
Great Britain.
Great Britain's delegation believed that a
society of nations was desirable and obtain-
able and that it must be established by the
peace conference. She advanced no conti-
nental purposes other than those of a perma-
nent and just peace under the principle of
self-determination and that there should be
international freedom of transit by railroads
and waterways, which was Great Britain's
general definition of freedom of commerce
in times of peace.
Great Britain would take mandatory power
jB'ver the German islands south of the equator
for Australia and over German Southwest
'Africa for the Union of South Africa. She
WOTlId also have the mandate over German
E iSt Africa and some parts of Arabia and she
feed particular claims in this respect over
Me sopotamia.
Italy.
i .aly asked for the Trentino as far as the
Brenner pass, including the whole of the
southern Tyrol; Trieste, Istria, Fiume. Zara.
Sebanico, the larger part of the Dalmatian
islands, Avlona and its hinterland, a protecto-
rate over Albania, possession of the islands
in the ^gean which were taken from Turkey
during- the Tripolitan war and the province
of Adalia if France and England should take
territory in Asia Minor.
The Italian contention was that the Dal-
islands and such parts of the Dal-
matian coast as were not assigned to Italy
should be neutralized. Should France and
England extend their colonial possessions in
Africa Italy desired to enlarge her posses-
sions in Eritrea and Tripoli.
Roumania.
Territorial contentions in the Balkans were
complicated and presented difficult problems.
Roumania desired to retain possession of that
portion of Russian Bessarabia given her by
the central powers under the canceled treaty
of Bukharest and since in her possession.
Roumania also desired southern Dobrogea. as
ceded to her by Bulgaria after the second
Balkan war. Possession of Bessarabia and
the Dobrogea commands the mouth of the
Danube.
Westward Roumania wanted to annex the
Hapsburg provinces of Bukowina and Tran-
sylvania and a considerable part of the rich
agricultural district of Banat. It was here
that the Roumanian aspirations conflicted
with those of Serbia.
Serbia.
Serbia's claims in the Hapsburg monarchy
to the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
were opposed by no one in the entente group.
The plans for the incorporation into Jugo
Slavia of the Hapsburg province of Croatia,
except as to the coastal region of Fiume, were
also considered as subject to the internal de-
cision of the southern Slavs.
Jugo Slav and Italian aims were in sharp
conflict in the settlement of the Adriatic coast
problem, involving the future of Fiume and
the Croatian seaboard along with the islands
of Dalmatia and Albania.
Greece.
Greece wished Northern Epirus and Thrace
with the exception of Constantinople and the
shores of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles,
which Premier Venizelos wishes to place under
international control. Greece asked for the
vilayet of Smyrna in Asia Minor and the for-
mer Turkish islands in the eastern Mediter-
ranean, including those known as the Dodeca-
nesus and claimed by Italy.
Bulgaria.
Although Bulgaria capitulated without con-
ditions and her future territories depended
upon the conquerors, her government had not
abandoned hope of adding extensive territories
and it even hoped to receive extensions of the
Bulgarian frontiers in southern Macedonia
along the ^Egean coast and in Thrace.
Czecho-Slovakia.
The new state of Czecho-Slovakia was carv-
ing out its territories almost entirely at the
expense of the old Austria-Hungary. The old
kingdom of Bohemia. Moravia and the Slovak
regions of northern Hungary already had been
incorporated into the proposed state, but there
were certain conflicts with the Poles, Ruthe-
nians, Roumanians and Germans as well as
with the Austrians and the Magyars because
the Czechs claimed that parts of German Sax-
ony and German Silesia belonged ethnographi-
cally to the new state.
Poland.
The Pples with an inadequate army were
endeavoring to establish possession of dis-
puted regions on three sides of Russian Po-
land and Galicia, which constituted the nu-
cleus of the new Polish state. The Poles
desired eastern Galicia to include Lemberg.
which is in the Ukraine, and the disputed
province of Cholm, in Little Russia. North-
east the Poles desired to have Vilna recog-
nized as Polish.
Belgium.
Belgium asked that her reparation for dam-
ages wrought by Germany should be the first
lien upon German assets to the extent of at
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
least 15,000,000,000 francs ($3,000.000,000)
or up to a much larger sum if Germany does
not return the machinery and the materials
taken from Belgium.
Belgium, having reasserted her independence
and thus emerged from her old state of neu-
trality, desired from Holland the left bank of
the Scheldt and the peninsula of Maastricht,
which protrudes into Belgian Limburg. Bel-
grium also would assent to a plebiscite in Lux-
emburg to decide whether that country wished
to join Belgium or France or retain its au-
tonomy.
Japan.
Japan entered the peace conference, as Baron
Makino. the senior delegate, said, "with no
territorial ambitions in China," and that as
lor Tsingtau, "she will hand it back to China
under the terms of the notes exchanged be-
tween China and Japan in May, 1915."
This was interpreted by Japan as permitting
her to retain certain former German conces-
sions on the Shantung peninsula. Japan.
Baron Makino explained, "neither intended
nor desired to interfere in Russian affairs,
but was willing, if solicited, to aid Russia
in restoring order."
These declarations disposed of tvro of the
main questions in which Japan was interested
except that she desired to retain the southern
Pacific islands north of the equator, which
formerly belonged to Germany.
China.
The Chinese delegates asked to be guar-
anteed against foreign imperialism or aggres-
sion and desired the gradual abolition of "con-
sular rights" and to be allowed to impose
higher duties on importations. The Chinese
also asked for the return of Kiaochow.
Switzerland.
The Swiss government represented that,
while Switzerland would be glad to participate
in a society of nations, yet because of her
mixed nationalities she could not do so if that
should mean the use of her troops in policing
the world by force, as, perhaps, against Italy,
France or Germany. Switzerland desired an
outlet to the sea by making the Rhine a neu-
tral stream.
Scandinavia.
The territorial aspirations of the three
Scandinavian powers were considered modest.
Denmark wished to annex that part of north-
ern Schleswig inhabited predominantly by
Danes, but did not ask to retain the prov-
inces of Schleswig and Holstein, taken from
Denmark by Prussia in the war of 1864, or
to extend her frontiers southward to the Kiel
canal.
Norway had certain aspirations to Spitzber-
ren and her claim was subsequently granted.
A strong socialist movement in Sweden fa-
vored the union with Sweden of the Aland
islands, which were regarded by the Swedes
as the naval key to Stockholm.
LEAGUE COVENANT PRESENTED.
On Feb. 14, 1919, at a plenary session of
the conference President Wilson presented the
report of the commission on the league orf na-
tions. On arising to read the covenant he said:
"Mr. Chairman: I have the honor and as-
sume it a very great privilege of reporting in
the name of the commission constituted by this
conference on the formulation of a plan for
the league of nations. I am happy to say that
it is a unanimous report — a unanimous report
from the representatives of fourteen nations —
the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy,
Japan, Belgium, Brazil, China, Czecho-Slova-
kia. Greece. Poland, Portugal, Roumania and
Serbia."
The president then read the text of the
covenant and followed it with remarks extol-
ling the purposes of the proposed league. He
w^s followed in a similar strain by Lord Rob-
ert Cecil. Dr. Vittorio Orlando, Leon Bourgeois.
Baron Makino, George N. Barnes. Eleutherios
Venizelos and Dr. V. Wellington Koo.
Immediately after this plenary session Pres-
ident Wilson returned to the United States to
attend to business connected with the closing:
of the 65th congress. (See page 299.) On
Feb. 19 an attempt to assassinate Premier
Clemenceau caused some interruption in the
work of the conference. President Wilson re-
turned to Paris March 14 and resumed work
on the treaty of peace with Germany and on
a revision 9f the league covenant in order to
meet criticisms made upon it. particularly
with regard to the safeguarding of the Mon-
roe doctrine. On April 10 the league of nations
adopted a new section of the covenant specific-
ally excepting the Monroe doctrine from the
provisions of the covenant.
There were many objections to the covenant
as originally drawn up and the document was
entirely recast in the direction of making it
clearer. In its new form it was presented at
a plenary session held on April 28. (It is given
in full in its revised form on pages 550-554
of this volume.) Article 21 relating to the
Monroe doctrine was entirely new. President
Wilson in presenting the document to the con-
ference did not read it in detail but explained
the changes. He said:
"The first paragraph of article 1 is new. In
view of the insertion of the covenant in the
peace treaty, specific provision as to the signa-
tories of the treaty who would become mem-
bers of the league and also as to neutral
states to be invited to accede to the covenant,
were obviously necessary. The paragraph also
provides for the method by which a neutral
state may accede to the covenant.
"The third paragraph of article 1 is new.
providing for the withdrawal of any member
of the league on a notice given of two years.
"The second paragraph of article 4 is new.
providing for a possible increase in the coun-
cil, should other powers be added to the league
of nations whose present accession is not an-
ticipated.
"The last two paragraphs of article 4 are
new, providing specifically for one vote for
each member of the league in the council,
which was understood before, and providing
also for one representative of each member of
the league.
"The first paragraph of article 5 is new.
expressly incorporating the provision as to the
unanimity of voting, which was at first taken
for granted.
"The second paragraph of article 5 has had
added to it that a majprity of the assembly
must approve the appointment of the secre-
tary-general.
"The first paragraph of article 7 names
Geneva as the seat of the league, and is fol-
lowed by a second paragraph which gives the
council power to establish the seat of the
league elsewhere should it subsequently deem
it necessary.
"The third paragraph of article 7 is new.
establishing equality of employment of men
and women, that is to say. by the league.
"The second paragraph of article 13 is new,
inasmuch as it undertakes to give instances of
disputes which are generally suitable for sub-
mission to arbitration, instances of what have
latterly been called 'justiciable' questions.
"The eighth paragraph of article 15 is new.
This is the amendment regarding domestic
jurisdiction, that where the council finds a
question arising out of an international dis-
pute affects matters which are clearly under
the domestic jurisdiction of one or other of
the parties it is to report to that effect and
make no recommendation.
"The last paragraph of article 16 is new.
providing for an expulsion from the league IB
certain extraordinary circumstances.
"Article 21 is new.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
"The second paragraph of article 22 inserts
the words with regard to mandatories, 'and
who are willing to accept it,' thus explicitly
introducing the principle that a mandate can-
not be forced upon a nation unwilling to ac-
"Article 23 is a combination of several for-
mer articles and also contains the following:
A clause providing for the just treatment of
aborigines; a clause looking toward a preven-
tion of the white slave traffic and the traffic
in opium, and a clause looking toward progress
in international prevention and control of dis-
ease.
"Article 25 specifically mentions the Red
Cross as one of the international organizations
which are to connect their work with the
work of the league.
"Article 26 permits the amendment of the
covenant by a majority of the states compos-
ing the assembly, instead of th -ee-f ourths of
the states, though it docs not change the re-
quirements in that matter with regard to th2
vote in the council.
"The second paragraph of article 26 is also
new and was added at the request of the Br->
zilian delegation, in order to avoid certain
constitutional difficulties. It permits any mem-
ber of the league to dissent from an amend-
ment, the effect of such dissent being with-
drawal from the league.
"And the annex is added, giving the namss
of the signatories of the treaty, who becom,
members, and the names of the states invited
to accede to the covenant. These are all the
changes, I believe, which are of moment.
"Mr. President: I take the opportunity to
move the following resolutions in order to
•carry out the provisions of the covenant. You
will notice that the covenant provides that the
first secretary-general shall be chosen by this
conference. It also provides that the first
choice of the four member states who are to
be added to the five great powers on the coun-
cil is loft to this conference.
"I move, therefore, that the first secretary-
general of the council shall be the Hon. Sir
James Eric Drummond. and, secondly, that
until such time as the assembly shall have
selected the first four members of the league
to be represented on the council in accordance
•with article 4 of the covenant, representatives
of Belgium. Brazil. Greece and Spain shall be
members; and, third, that the powers to be
represented on the council of the league of
nations are requested to name i-epresentatives
who shall form a committee of nine to pre-
pare plans for the organization of the league
and for the establishment of the seat of the
league and to make arrangements and to pre-
pare the agenda for the first meeting of the
assembly, this committee to report both to the
council and to the assembly of the league."
CONTROVERSY OVER FIUME.
The first serious clash in the deliberations of
the peace conference came over Italy's claim
to Fiume and other places on the Dalmatian
coast of the Adriatic which were also claimed
by the Jugo Slavs. The principal dispute was
over Fiume itself on account of its port facili-
ties and its impo'rtrnce to the Jugo Slav statz
as an outlet for its commerce. As early as
.March 21 the Italian delegation made it knov:n
that unless Fiume wrs av/arded to Italy they
would leave the conference. President Wilson
took the Jugo Slav side of the controversy.
Premier Lloyd George and Premier Clemenceau
being- inc.ined to favor Italy's claim on the
basis of the London pact ceding part of the
Dalmatian coast to Italy.
Matters were brought to a head April 23
when President Wilson issued a statement giv-
ing his reasons for opposing Italy's claim to
Fiume. This statement, in part, follows:
"When It ly entered the war she entered
upon the bnsis of a definite private unde -
standing with Great Britain and France, now
known as the pact of London. Since that time
the whole face of circumstances has baen
altered. Many other powers, great and small,
have entered the struggle with no knowledge
of that private understanding.
"The Austro-Hungarian empire, then the
enemy of Europe, and at whose expense the
pact of London was to be kept in the event of
victory, has gone to pieces and no longer ex-
ists. Not only that, but the several p. rts of
that empire, it is agreed now by Italy and all
her associates, are to be erected into inde-
pendent states and associated in a league of
nations, not with those who were recently our
enemies, but with Italy herself and the powers
that stood with Italy in the great war for
liberty.
"We are to establish their liberty as well as
our own. They are to be among the Smaller
states whose interests are henceforth to be
safeguarded as scrupulously as the interests of
the most powerful stales.
"The war was ended, moreover, by propos-
ing to Germany an armistice and peace which
should be founded on certain clearly defined
principles which set up a new order of right
and justice. Upon those principles the perce
with Germany has been conceived not only
but fortnulated. Upon those principles it will
be effected.
"We cannot ask the great body of powers
*o propose and effect peace with Austria and
establish a new basis of independence and right
in the states which originally constituted the
Austro-Hungarian empire and in the states of
the Balkan group on principles of another
kind. We must apply the same principles to
the settlement of Europe in those quarters
that we have applied in the peace with Ger-
many.
"It was upon the explicit avowal of those
principles that the initiative for peace was
taken. It is upon them that the whole struc-
ture of peace must rest.
"If those principles are to be adhered to
Fiume must serve as the outlet of the com-
merce, not of Italy, but of the land to the
north and northeast of that port — Hungary.
Bohemia. Roumania and the states of the new
Jugo Slav group. To assign Fiume to Italy
would be to create the feeling that we have
deliberately put the port upon which all those
countries chiefly depend for their access to
the Mediterranean in the hands of a power of
which it did not form an integral part and
whose sovereignty, if set up there, must in-
evitably seem foreign, not domestic or identi-
fied with the commercial and industri 1 life of
the regions which the port must serve. It is
for thr-t reason, no doubt, that Fiume was not
included in the pact of London, but there defi-
nitely assigned to the Croatians."
ITALIANS WITHDRAW FROM CONFERENCE.
The Italian peace delegation took offense at
the statement made by President Wilson and
promptly withdrew from the conference. Its
action was approved ty the people and gov-
ernment of Italy. There was much excitement
for a time, but this gradually cooled down and
Premier Orlando and Foreign Minister Sonnino
on May 7 returned to Paris to take part in the
ceremonies attending the delivery of the peace
;reaty to the German delegates.
TREATY PRESENTED TO GERMANS.
While the attention of the world was di-
rected chiefly toward the framing of the league
of nations covenant, work on the details of
the peace treaty proper was progressing- slow-
ly but steadily and by the end of April it
was so far completed that Germany was
invited to send delegates to receive it. The
men chosen by the Berlin government for
that disagreeable task were Count Brockclorff-
Rantzau, minister of foreign affairs. Dr. Theo-
dor Melchoir. Herr Landsberg, Heir Leinert.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
691
Heir Giesberts and Herr Schuecking. These
gentlemen arrived at Versailles April 29 and
presented their credentials to officials ap-
pointed to represent the peace conference.
This ceremony took place in the hall of the
Trianon palace and in the same place on May
7 the treaty was formally presented to the
German envoys. All the leading figures in the
peace conference, including; President Wilson,
were present on this occasion, though no ad-
dresses were made save by Premier Clemenceau
and by the head of the German delegation. M.
Clemenceau, as chairman of the peace con-
gress, in addressing the enemy plenipoten-
tiaries said, in part:
"You have before you the accredited plenipo-
tentiaries of all the small and great powers
united to figrht together in the war that has
been so cruelly imposed upon them. The time
has come when we must settle our account.
You have asked for peace. We are ready to
give you peace.
"We shall present you now a book which
contains our conditions. You will be given
every facility to examine these conditions
and the time necessary for it. Everything
will be done with the courtesy that is th~-
privilege of civilized nations."
M. Clemenceau added that no oral discus-
sion was to take place and that any observa-
tions would have to be submitted in writing
within fifteen days.
Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau remained
seated as he replied in German. He began
by saying:
"Gentlemen: We are deeply impressed v:ith
the sublime task which has brought us hither
to give a durable peace to the world. We
are under no illusion as to the extent of our
defeat and the degree of our want of power.
We know that the power of the German
arms is 'broken. We know the power of the
hatred which we encounter here and we have
heard the passionate demand that vanquishers
make us pay as the Vanquished and punish
those who are deserving of being punished."
The count went on to deny that Germany
was alone responsible for the war. He com-
mented on what he called the cruelty of the
allies in continuing the blockade of Germany
after the armistice and pleaded for a peace
based on President Wilson's fourteen points.
With the reading and translating of these
two addresses the ceremony ended.
MODIFICATIONS MADE IN TREATY.
Germany, as wa* expected, raised a violent
outcry against the terms of the treaty and
there was much talk of rejecting it. There
was some correspondence between the German
plenipotentiaries and the sup.'eme council and
the former were given an extension of seven
days, or until May 29, in which to reply in
lull to the peace terms. The notes related
mainly to the economic terms of the treaty,
the disposition of the Saar basin, the re-
sponsibility for the war, the return of the
German colonies and similar matters. The
council remained firm and rejected the Ger-
man pleas for modifications. Germany's final
reply was made public June 1 and the re-
joinder of the allied and associated powers on
June 16. In the latter communication some
concessions were made and changes in the
treaty were proposed. These included:
A plebiscite for Upper Silesia, with guar-
anties of coal from that territory.
Frontier rectifications in West Prussia.
Omission of the third zone in the Schleswigr
plebiscite.
Temporary increase of the Germ in army
from 100.000 to 200.000 men.
Declaration of the intention to submit within.
a month cvf signature a list of those accused
of violation of the Jaws and customs of war.
Offer to co-operate with a German commis-
sion on reparations and to receive sugges-
tions for discharging the obligation.
Certain detailed modifications in the finance,
economic and ports and waterways clauses, in-
cluding abolition of the proposed Kiel canal
commission.
Assurance of membership in the league of
nations in the early future, if Germany ful-
filled her obligations.
The German envoys were against accepting:
tae treaty even as revised and advised the
German cabinet to reject it. The people of
Germany, however were tired of the long sus-
pense and demanded that the treaty be signed.
On June 22. after some changes in the cabinet,
the national assembly at Weimar by a vote of
237 to 138 decided to sign the treaty and to
do so unconditionally. Herman Mueller, who
had succeeded Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau
as foreign minister. Dr. Johannes Bell, minister
of colonies and Heir Leinert were selected to
go to Versailles and sign the treaty of peace.
Mueller and Bell arrived at Versailles on the
evening of June 27 and were met there by
Herr Giesberts.
QERMAN PEACE TREATY SIGNED.
The German peace treaty was signed on
June 28. 1919. This historic event, termi-
nating the greatest war the world had ever
known, took place in the Hall of Mirrors in
the Chateau Louis XIV.. at Versailles. The
signing was done within a few yards of the
spot in the same hall where William I was
crowned emperor of Germany on Jan. 18,
1871. and where the German empire was pro-
claimed. The German delegates, Mueller and
Bell, were the first to attach their signatures
to the document. Then came President Wil-
son and the other American delegrtes. fol-
lowed in order by the plenipotentiaries of
Great Britain and its colonies, France. Japan
and Italy and after them came the repre-
sentatives of the minor powers in alphabetical
order with Belgium in the lead. Th? Chinese
delegates refused to sign because they were
not permitted to make certain reservations.
Gen. Jan Christian Smuts of the Union ol
South Africa signed under protest on the
ground that the stipulations in the treaty were
too severe.
The signing began at 3:10 p. m. and end-
ed at 3 :45 p. m. At that hour cannon
boomed announcing to the world that peace
had at last been sealed by the chief bellig-
erents in the war. The multitude assembled
outside the hall where the signing took place
cheered loudly as President Wilson. Premier
Clemenceau. Premier Lloyd George and other
well known figures in the peace conference
emerged to take their departure. The news
•of the signing of the treaty was received with
ringing of bells and other manifestations of
joy in London and in other great cities of
the entente countries, while in Berlin, Vienna
?nd elsewhere in the former central empires
the gloom was correspondingly great.
CHINA AND JAPAN.
The Chinese delegates who refused to sign
the treaty were Lou Tseng-tsi ng, minister
for foreign affairs, and Chentin# Thomas
Wang, formerly minister of agriculture and
commerce. They protested against the trans-
fer of the German rights in Shantung to
Japan as confirming an act of aggression, but
their contention was overruled. (See Shan-
tung section of treaty, page 574, this volume.)
While the Japanese delegates carried the
day with respect to Shantung, their efforts to
obtain in the covenant of the league of na-
tions a declaration against race discrimination
failed.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
DISPOSITION OF GERMAN COLONIES.
The provisions in the treaty regarding- Ger-
many's former overseas possessions will be
found on pagres 571-573 in this volume. The
following- official announcement was made on
May 7:
"The council of three, M. Clemenceau. Presi-
dent Wilson and Mr. Lloyd George, yesterday
decided as to the disposition of the former
German colonies as follows:
"Tqgoland and Kamerun — France and Great
Britain shall make a joint recommendation to
the league of nations as to their future.
"German East Africa— The mandate shall be
held by Great Britain.
"German Southwest Africa— The mandate
shall be held by the Union of South Africa
"The German Samoan islands— The mandate
shall be held by New Zealand.
"The other German Pacific possessions south
of the equator, excluding1 the German Samo: n
islands and Nauru— The mandate shall be held
by Australia.
"Nauru (Pleasant island)— The mandate
shall be given to the British empire.
"The German Pacific islands north of the
equator— The mandate shall be held by Japan."
MANY CLAIMS URGED.
In connection with the league of nations
part of the German treaty many demands were
made upon the peace conference by various
races and nationalities who urged their claims
on the basis of the right of self-determination,
old and new treaties and understandings or for
other reasons. Some of these were in connec-
tion with the newly created nations who came
into conflict with each other over claims to
coal mines, territorial boxindaries. port facil-
ities and so on. The disputes over the Tes-
chen mines, the port of Danzig, the port of
Fiume and Silesian territory were among these.
In the majority of cases only temporary de-
cisions were arrived at. final action being de-
ferred until such a time as the league of na-
tions might act, or until plebiscites could be
taken.
Disputes also arose as to the disposition of
territories formerly under the domination of
the Turkish empire such as Syria, Hedjaz.
Armenia and Palestine, but no conclusive ac-
tion waa taken.
Strong efforts were made to obtain recogni-
tion for the republic proclaimed in Inland by
the Sinn Fein party, but these failed even
though urged upon the American peace dele-
gation by influential Irishmen from the United
States. The entente countries declined to be
drawn into any discussion of their own in-
ternal affairs.
THE AUSTRIAN TREATY.
The conclusion of a treaty of peace with
Austria, which was all that was left of the
eld Hapsburg empire, attracted little attention
compared with that bestowed upon the Ger-
man treaty. One reason was that the two doc-
uments resembled each other in their main
features and another was that most of the
allies were inclined to think that Austria had
ceased to be a power of the first rank and
that therefore the convention with her was of
less importance.
On May 6 it was announced in Vienna that
the delegates to represent German Austria in
Paris would consist of Karl Renner. chancel-
lor. Dr. Franz Klein, Prof. Heinrich Lam-
masch. Prof. von Laun, Undersecretary
Flucke and Deputies Steg-linger and Lodgman.
The delegation arrived in St. Germain, near
Paris, May 14, and on May 19 the exchange
of credentials took place. On June 2 the
first section 'of the Austrian treaty was laid
before the delegates of that country in the
old pastle of $t, Germain, The ceremonies
were similar to those that had taken place
at Versailles. Premier Clemenceau making
an address to which Karl Renner replied
The second section was presented on July 20
without ceremony by M. Dutasta, secretary-
general of the conference. On Sept? 6 the
national assembly in Vienna, Austria by a
vote of 97 to 23 decided to sign the treat?
affid 2? ^ept, 10 Karl ^nner at St. Germain
h^f ^f If- 81g:nature to the document on be-
twint flhlS country- The representatives of
twenty-five powers also signed. Frank L. Polk.
?n Hy>, ^lte AndrTGen- T^ker H. Bliss acted
on behalf of the United States. (For text of
" the
CHANGES AMONG DELEGATES.
Numerous changes among the peace dele-
gates occurred in the course of the year and
especially immediately after the signing of the
treaty with Germany. President Wilson sailed
for America June 29 and was followed on July
14 by Secretary of State Lansing-, whose place
was taken by the undersecretary of state.
Frank L. Polk. Owing to a change in the
ministry m Italy the old delegates of that
country were replaced in June by Former For-
eign Minister Tittoni, Senator Guglielmi Mar-
com and Senator Vittorio Scialoia.
WILSON LAYS TREATY BEFORE UNITED
STATES SENATE.
On July 10, immediately after his return
from Europe President Wilson appeared before
£e*T£UHted,?tate8 8enate and in laying- before
that body the peace treaty with Germany said:
"Gentlemen of the Senate: The treaty of
peace with Germany was signed at Versailles
on June 28. I avail myself of the earliest
opportunity to lay the treaty before you for
ratification and to inform you with regard to
the work of the conference by which that
treaty was formulated.
"The treaty constitutes nothing less than a
world settlement. It would not be possible
for- me either to summarize or to construe
ita manifold provisions in an address which
must of necessity be something less than a
treatise. My services and all the information
I possess will be at your disposal and at the
disposal of your committee on foreign rela-
tions at any time, either informally or in
session, as you may prefer; and I hope that
you will not hesitate to make use of them.
I shall at this time, prior to your own study
of the document, attempt only a general
characterization of its scope and purpose.
"In one sense, no doubt, there is no need
that I should report to you what was at-
tempted and done at Paris. You have been
daily cognizant of what was going on there —
of the problems with which the peace con-
ference had to deal and of the difficulty of
laying down straight lines of settlement any-
where on a field on which the old lines of in-
ternational relationship, and the new alike,
followed so intricate a pattern and were for
the most part cut so deep by historical cir-
cumstances which dominated action where it
would have been best to ignore or reverse
them.
"The cross currents of politics and of in-
terest must have been evident to you. It would
be presuming in me to attempt to explain the
questions which arose or the many diverse
elements that entered into them. I shall at-
tempt something less ambitious thnn that and
more clearly suggested by my duty to report
to the congress the part it seemed necessary
for my colleagues and me to play as the rep-
resentatives of the government of the United
States.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
693
"That part was dictated by the role America
has played in the war and by the expectations
that had been created in the minds of the
peoples with whom we had associated our-
selves in that great struggle.
"The United States entered the war upon a
different footing1 from every other nation ex>
cept our associates on this side the sea,
We entered it. not because our material in-
terests were directly threatened or because any
special treaty obligations to which .we were
parties had been violated, but only because we
saw the supremacy, and even the validity, of
right everywhere put in jeopardy and free
irovernment likely to be everywhere imperiled
by the intolerable aggression of a power which
respected neither right nor obligation and
whose very system of government flouted the
rights of the citizens as against the autocratic
authority of its governors.
"And in the settlement of the peace we have
sought no special reparation for ourselves, but
only the restoration of right and the assur-
ance of liberty everywhere that the effects of
the settlement were to be felt. We entered
the war as the disinterested champions of
right and we interested ourselves in the terms
of the peace in no other capacity.
"The hopes of the nations allied against
the central .powers were at a very low ebb
when our soldiers began to pour across the
sea. There was everywhere amongst them,
except in their stoutest spirits, a somber fore-
boding of disaster. The war ended in Novem-
ber eight months ago, but you have only to
recall what was feared in midsummer last,
four short months before the armistice, to
realize what it was that our timely aid ac-
complished alike for their morale and their
Physical safety.
"That first, never-to-be-forgotten action at
Chateau Thierry had already taken place. Our
redoubtable soldiers and marines had already
closed the gap the enemy had succeeded in
opening for their advance upon Paris — had al-
ready turned the tide of battle back toward
the frontiers of France and begun the rout
that was to save Europe and the world.
Thereafter the Germans were to be always
forced back, back, were never to thrust suc-
cessfully forward again. And yet there was
no confident hope.
"Anxious men and women, leading spirits
of France, attended the celebration of the
Fourth of July last year in Paris out of gener-
ous courtesy — with no heart for festivity, little
zest of hope. But they came away with some-
thing new at their hearts; they have them-
eelves told us so.
"The mere sight of our men — of their vigor,
of the confidence that showed itself in every
movement of their stalwart figures and every
turn of their swinging march, in their steady
comprehending eyes and easy discipline, in the
indomitable air that added spirit to everything
they did — made every one who saw them that
memorable day realize that something had
happened that was much more than a mere
incident in the fighting, something very dif-
ferent from the mere arrival of fresh troops.
"A great moral force had flung itself into
the struggle. The fine physical force of those
spirited men spoke of something more than
bodily vigor.
"They carried the great ideals of a free peo-
ple at their hearts and with that vision were
unconquerable. Their very presence brought
reassurance; their fighting made victory cer-
tain.
"They were recognized as crusaders, and as
their thousands swelled to millions their
strength was seen to mean salvation. And
they were fit men to carry such a hope and
make good the assurance it forecast. Finer
men never went into battle: and their officers
were worthy of them.
"This is not the occasion upon which to
utter a eulogy of the armies America sent ta
France, but perhaps, since I am speaking ol
their mission. I may speak also of the pride
I shared with every American who saw or
dealt with them there. They were the sort
of men America would wish to be represented
by. the sort of men every American would
wish to claim as fellow countrymen and com-
rades in a great cause.
"They were terrible in battle and gentle
and helpful out of it, remembering- the
mothers and the sisters, the wives and the
little children at home. They were free men
under arms, not forgetting their ideals of duty
in the midst of tasks of violence. I am proud
to have had the privilege of being associated
with them and of calling myself their leader.
"But I speak now of what they meant to
the men by whose sides they fought and to
the people with whom they mingled with such
utter simplicity as friends who asked only to
be of service. They were for all the visible
embodiment of America. What they did made
America and all that she stood for a living
reality in the thoughts not only of the people
of France but also of tens of millions of men
and women throughout all the toiling nations
of a world standing everywhere in peril of its
fre«dom and of the loss of everything it held
dear, in deadly fear that its bonds were never
to be loosed, its hopes forever to be mocked
and disappointed.
"And the compulsion of what they stood
for was upon us who represented America
at the peace table. It was our duty to see
to it that every decision we took part in con-
tributed, so far as we were able to influence
it, to quiet the fears and realize the hopes of
the peoples who had been living in that
shadow, the nations that had come by our
assistance to their freedom. It was our duty
to do everything that it was within our power
to do to make the triumph of freedom and of
right a lasting triumph in the assurance of
which men might everywhere live without
fear.
"Old entanglements of every kind stood in
the way — promises which governments had
made to one another in the days when might
and right were confused and the power of
the victor was without restraint. Engage-
ments which contemplated any disppsitions of
territory, any extensions of sovereignty that
might seem to be to the interest of those who
had the power to insist upon them had been
entered into without thought of what the
peoples concerned might wish or profit by;
and these could not always be honorably
brushed aside. It was not easy to graft the
new order of ideas on the old and some of
the fruits of the grafting may, I fear, for
a time be bitter.
"But. with very few exceptions, the men
who sat with us at the peace table desired as
sincerely as we did to get away from the bad
influences, the illegitimate purposes, the de-
moralizing ambitions, the international coun-
sels and expedients out of which the sinister
designs of Germany had sprung as a natural
growth.
"It had been our privilege to formulate the
principles which were accepted as the basis
of the peace, but they had been accomplished,
not because we had come in to hasten and
assure the victory and insisted upon them, but
because they were readily acceded to as the
principles to which honorable and enlightened
minds everywhere had been bred. They spoke
the conscience of the world as well as the con-
science of America, and I am happy to pay my
tribute of respect and gratitude to the able,
forward looking men with whom it was my
694
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
privilegre to co-operate for their unfailing- spirit
of co-operation, their constant effort to accom-
modate the interests they represented to the
principles we were all agreed upon.
"The difficulties, which were many, lay in
the circumstances, not often in the men. Al-
most without exception the men who led had
caught the true and full vision of the prob-
lem of peace as an indivisible whole, a prob-
lem, not of mere adjustments of interest, but
of justice and right action.
"The atmosphere in which the conference
worked seemed created, not by the ambitions
of strong governments but by the hopes and
aspirations of small nations and of peoples
hitherto under bondage to the power that
victory had shattered and destroyed. Two
great empires had been forced into political
bankruptcy and we were the receivers. Our
task was not only to make peace with the
central empires but to remedy the wrongs
their armies had done. The central empires
had lived in open violation of many of the
very rights for which the war had been
foug-ht. dominating- alien peoples over whom
they had no natural right to rule, enforcing-
not obedience but veritable bondage, exploit-
ing- those who were weak for the benefit of
those who were masters and overlords only
by force of arms.
"There could be no peace until the whole
order of central Europe was set right. That
meant that new nations were to be created —
Poland, Czecho-Slovakia, Hungary itself. No
part of ancient Poland had ever in any true
sense become a part of Germany or of Aus-
tria or of Russia. Bohemia was alien in
every thought and hope to the monarchy of
which she had so long been an artificial part;
and the uneasy partnership between Austria
and Hungary had been one rather of interest
than of kinship or sympathy.
"The Slavs whom Austria had chosen to
force into her empire on the south were kept
to their obedience by nothing but fear. Their
hearts were with their kinsmen in the Balkans.
"These were all arrangements of power, not
arrangements of natural union or association.
It was the imperative task of those who
would make peace and make it intelligently
to establish a new order which would rest
upon the free choice of peoples rather than
upon the arbitrary authority of Hapsburgs or
Hohenzollerns.
"More than that, great populations bound
by sympathy and actual kin to Roumania were
also linked against their will to the conglom-
erate Austro-Hungrarian monarchy or to other
alien sovereignties, and it was part of the
task of peace to make a new Roumania as
well as a new Slavic state clustering about
Serbia.
"And no natural frontiers could be found to
these new fields of adjustment and redemp-
tion. It was necessary to look constantly for-
ward to other related tasks. The German col-
onies were to be disposed of. They had not
been governed; they had been exploited, mere-
ly, without thought of the interest or even
the ordinary human rights of their inhab-
itants.
"The Turkish empire, moreover, had fallen
apart, as the Austro-Hungarian had. It had
never had any real unity. It had been held
together only by pitiless, inhuman force. Its
peoples cried aloud for release, for succor
from unspeakable distress, for all that the
new day of hope seemed at last to bring-
within its dawn. Peonies hitherto in utter
darkness were to be led out into the same
light and given at last a helping- hand. Unde-
veloped peoples and peoples ready for recogni-
tion, but not yet ready to assume the full
responsibilities of statehood, were to he griven
adequate guaranties of friendly protection,
guidance and assistance.
"And out of the execution of these great
enterprises of liberty sprang opportunities to
attempt what statesmen had never found the
way before to do; an opportunity to throw
safeguards about the rights of racial, national
and religious minorities by solemn interna-
tional covenant: an opportunity to limit and
regulate military establishments where they
were most likely to be mischievous: an oppor-
tunity to effect a complete and systematic in-
ternationalization of waterways and railwavs
which were necessary to the free economic
life of more than one nation and to clear
many of the normal channels of commerce of
unfair obstructions of law or of privilege
and the very welcome opportunity to secure
for labor the concerted protection of definite
international pledges of principle and practice
These were not tasks which the conference
looked about to find and went out of its way
to perform. They were inseparable from the
settlements of peace. They were thrust upon
it by circumstances which could not be over-
looked. The war had created them. In all
quarters of the world old established relation-
ships had been disturbed or broken and af-
fairs were at loose ends, needing to be mend-
ed or united again, but could not be made
what they were before. They had to be set
rig-ht by applying- some uniform principle of
justice or enlightened expediency. And they
could not be adjusted by merely prescribing
in a treaty what should be done
"New states were to be set up which could
not hope to live through their first period of
weakness without assured support by the great
nations that had consented to their creation
and won for them their independence HI
groverned colonies could not be put in the
hands of governments which were to act as
trustees for their people, and not as their
masters, if there was to be no common au-
thority among the nations to which they were
to be responsible in the execution of their
"Future international conventions with re-
g-ard to the control of waterways, with regard
to illicit traffic of many kinds, in arms or in
deadly drugs, or with regard to the adjustment
of many varying- international administrative
arrangements, could not be assured if the
treaty were to provide no permanent common
international agency, if its execution in such
matters was to be left to the slow and uncer-
tain processes of co-operation by ordinary
methods of negotiation.
"If the peace conference itself was to be
the end of co-operative authority and common
counsel among- the governments to which the
world was looking- to enforce justice and give
B ledges of an enduring- settlement, regions like
tie Saar basin could not be put under a tem-
porary administrative regime which did not
invp've a transfer of political sovereignty and
which contemplated a final determination of
its political connections by popular vote to be
taken at a distant date: no free city like Dan-
zig- cpuld be created which was under elabo-
rate internatipnal guaranties to accept excepv
tional obligations with regard to the use of<
its port and exceptional relations with a state
of which it was not to form a part; properly
safeguarded plebiscites could not be provided
for where populations were at some future
date to make choice what sovereignty they
would live under; no certain and uniform
method of arbitration could be secured for
the settlement of anticipated difficulties of
final decision, with regard to many matters
dealt with in the treaty itself: the long con-
tinned supervision of the task of reparation
which Germany was to undertake to complete
within the next g-eneration mig-ht entirely
break down; the reconsideration and revision
of administrative arrangements and restric-
tions which the treaty prescribed, but which
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
695
it was recognized might not prove of lasting
advantage or entirely fair if too long- enforced,
would be impracticable.
"The promises governments were making to
one another about the way in which labor
was to be dealt with, by law not only but in
fact as well, would remain a mere humane
thesis, if there was to be no common tribunal
of opinion and judgment to which liberal
statesmen could resort for the influences which
alone might secure their redemption.
"A league of free nations had become a
practical necessity. Examine the treaty of
peace, and you will find that everywhere
throughout its manifold provisions its fram-
ers have felt obliged to turn to the league of
nations as an indispensable instrumentality
for the maintenance of the new order it has
been their purpose to set up in the world,
the world of civilized men.
"That there should be a league of nations
to steady the counsels and maintain the peace-
ful understandings of the world to. make
not treaties alone but the accepted principles
of international law as well the actual rule
of conduct among the governments of the
world, had been one of the agreements ac-
cepted from the first as the basis of peace
with the central powers.
1 "The statesmen of all the belligerent coun-
tries were agreed that such a league must be
created to sustain the settlements that were
to be effected. But at first I think there was
a feeling among some of them that, while it
must be attempted, the formation of such a
league was perhaps a counsel of perfection
which practical men, long experienced in the
•world of affairs, must agree to very cautiously
and with many misgivings.
"It was only as the difficult work of ar-
ranging an all but universal adjustment of
the world's affairs advanced from day to day,
from one stage of conference to another, that
it became evident to them that what they
were seeking would be little more than some-
thing written upon, paper, to be interpreted
and applied by sucfi methods as the chances
of politics might make available, if they did
rot provide a means of common counsel which
all were obliged to accept, a common authori-
ty whose decisions would be recognized as
decisions which all must respect.
"And so the most practical, the most skep-
tical among them turned more and more to the
league as the authority through which inter-
national action was to be secured, the author-
ity without which, as they had come to see
it, it would be difficult to give assured effect
either to this treaty or to any other interna-
tional understanding upon which they were' to
denend for the maintenance of peace.
"The fact that the covenant of the league
was the first subslantive part of the treaty to
be worked out and agreed upon, while all
else was in solution, helped to make the form-
ulation of the rest easier.
"The conf-rence was, after all, not to be
ephemeral. The concert of nations was to con-
tinue, under a definite covenant which had
been agreed upon and which all were con-
vinced was workable. They could go forward
with confidence to make arrangements in-
tended to be permanent.
"The most practical of the conferees we^-e
at last the most ready to refer to the league
of rations the sunerintendence of all interes s
which did not admit of immediate determina-
tion, of all administrative problems which
were to require a continuing oversight. What
had seemed a counsel of perfection had come
to seem a plain counsel of necessity. The
league of nations was the practical states-
man's hope of success in many of the most
difHmlt things he was attempting.
"And it had validated itself in the thought
of every member of the conference as some-
thing much bigger, much greater in every
way than a mere instrument for carrying out
the provisions of a particular treaty. It was
universally recognized that all the peoples of
the world demanded of the conference that it
should create such a continuing concert of
free nations as would make wars of aggres-
s'on and spoliation such as this that has just
ended forever impossible.
"A cry had gone out from every home in
"very stricken land from which sons and
brothers and fathers had gone forth to the
great sacrifice that such a sacrifice should
never again be exacted. It was manifest why
it had been exacted. It had been exacted be-
cause one nation desired dominion and other
-.ations had known no means of defense ex-
cept armaments and alliances. War had lain
"t the heart of every arrangement of the
Europe — of every arrangement of the world—
I that preceded the war.
"Restive peoples had been told that fleets and
armies, which they toiled to sustain, meant
peace; and they now knew that they had been
lied to; that fleets and armies had been main-
tained to promote national ambitions and
meant war. They knew that no old policy
meant anything else but force, force — always
force. And they knew that it was intolerable.
"Every true heart in the world and every
enlightened judgment demanded that, at what-
ever cost of independent action, every govern-
ment that took thought for its people or for
justice or for ordered freedom should lend1
itself to a new purpose and utterljf destroy
the old order of international politics. States-
men might see difficulties, but the people
could see none and could brook no denial.
"A war in which they had been bled white
to beat the terror that lay concealed in every
balance of power must not end in a mere vic-
ory of arms and a new balance. The monster
that had resorted to arms must be put in
chains that could not be broken. The united
power of free nations must put a stop to ag-
gression and the world must be given peace.
"If there was not the will or the intelli-
gence to accomplish that now there must be
another and a final war and the world must
be swept clean of every power that could re-
new the terror.
"The league of nations wag not merely an
instrument to adjust and remedy old wrongs
under a new treaty of peace; it was the only
hope for mankind. Again and again had the
demon of war been cast out of the house of
ihe peoples, and the house swept clean by a
treaty of peace; only to prepare a time when
he would enter in again with spirits worse
than himself. The house must now be given
a tenant who could hold it against all such.
"Convenient, indeed indispensable, as states-
men found the newly planned league of na-
tions to be for the execution of present plans
of peace and reparation, they saw it in a new
aspect before their work was finished. They
saw it as the mrin object of the peace, as
the only thing that could complete it or make
it worth while. They saw it as the hope of
the world, and that hope they did not dare to
disappoint. Shall we or any other free people
hesitate to accept this great duty? Dare we
reject it and break the heart of the world?
"And so the result of the conference of
peace, so far as Germany is concerned, stands
complete. The difficulties encountered were
very many.
"Sometimes they seemed insuperable. It was
impossible to accommodate the interests of so
grert a body of nations — interests which di-
rectly or indirectly affected almost every na-
tion in the world — without many minor com-
promises.
"The treaty, as a result, is not exactly what
we would have written. It is probably not
what any one of the national delegations would
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
have written. But results were worked out
which on the whole bear test.
"I think that it will be found that the com-
promises which were accepted as inevitable
nowhere cut to the heart of any principle.
The work of the conference squares, as a
whole, with the principles agreed upon as the
basis of the peace as well as with the practi-
cal possibilities of the international situations
which had to be faced and dealt with as facts.
"I shall presently have occasion to lay before
you a special treaty with France, whose object
is the temporary protection of France from
unprovoked aggression by the power with
whom this treaty of peace has been negotiated.
Its terms link it with this treaty. I take the
liberty, however, of reserving- it for special
explication on another occasion.
"The role which America was to play in the
conference seemed determined, as I have said,
before my colleagues and I got to Paris— de-
termined by the universal expectations of the
nations whose representatives, drawn from all
quarters of the globe, we were to deal with
"It was universally recognized that America
had entered the war to promote no private or
peculiar interest of her own. but only as the
champion of rights which she was glad to
•hare with free men and lovers of justice
everywhere.
"We had formulated the principles upon
which the settlement was to be made— the
principles upon which the armistice had been
agreed to and the parleys of peace under-
taken—and no one doubted that our desire w
to see the treaty of peace formulated along
the actual lines of those principles— and de-
sired nothing else.
"We were welcomed as disinterested friends.
We were resorted to as arbiters in many a
difficult matter. It was recognized that our
material aid would be indispensable in the days
to come, when industry and credit would have
to be brought back to their normal operation
and communities beaten to the ground assisted
to their feet once more, and it was taken for
granted, I am proud to say, that we would
play the helpful friend in these things as in
all others without prejudice or favor. We
were generously accepted as the unaffected
champions of what was right.
"It was a very responsible role to play, but
I am happy to report that the fine group of
Americans who helped with their expert ad-
vice in each part of the varied settlements
sought in every transaction to justify the
high confidence reposed in them.
"And that confidence, it seems to me. is the
measure of our opportunity and of our duty
in the days to • come, in which the new hope
of the peoples of the world is to be fulfilled
or disappointed. The fact that America is the
friend of the nations, whether they be rivals
or associates, is no new fact. It is only the
discovery of it by the rest of the world that
is new.
"America may be said to have just reached
her majority as a world power. It was almost
exactly twenty-one years ago that the results
of the war with Spain put us unexpectedly in
possession of rich islands on the other side of
the world and brought us into association with
other governments in the control of the West
Indies.
"It was regarded as a sinister and ominous
thing by the statesmen of more than one Eu-
ropean chancellery that we should have ex-
tended our power beyond the confines of our
continental dominions. They were accustomed
to think of new neighbors as a new menace,
of rivals as watchful enemies. There were
persons amongst us at home who looked with
deep disapproval and avowed anxiety on such
extensions of our national authority over dis-
tant islands and over peoples whom they
feared we might exploit, not serve and assist.
"We have been their friends and have
sought to serve them. And our dominion has
been a menace to no other nation. We re-
deemed our honor to the utmost in our deal-
ings with Cuba. She is weak but absolutely
free; and it is her trust in us that makes her
free. Weak peoples everywhere stand ready
to give us any authority among them that
will assure them a like friendly oversight and
direction. They know that there is no ground
for fear in receiving us as their mentors and
guides. Our isolation was ended twenty years
ago: and now fear of us is ended also, our
counsel and association sought after and desired.
"There can be no question of our ceasing
to be a world power. The only question is
whether we can refuse the moral leadership
that is offered us. whether we shall accept or
reject the confidence of the world. The war
and the conference of peace now sitting in
Paris seem to me to have answered that ques-
tion. Our participation in the war established
our position among the nations and nothing
but our own mistaken action can alter it.
"It was not an accident or a matter of eud-
den choice that we are no longer isolated and
devoted to a policy which has only our own
interest and advantage for its object. It was
our duty to go in if we were, indeed, the
champions of liberty and of right. We
answered to the call of duty in a way BO
spirited, so utterly without thought of what
we spent of blood or treasure, so effective, so
worthy of the admiration of true men every-
where, so wrought out of the stuff of all that
was heroic, that the whole world saw at last
in the flesh, in noble action, a great ideal
asserted and vindicated, by a nation they had
deemed material and now found to be compact
of the spiritual forces that must free men of
every nation from every unworthy bondage.
"It is thus that a new role and a new re-
sponsibility have come to this great nation
that we honor and which we would all wish
to lift to yet higher levels of service and
achievement. The stage is set. the destiny dis-
closed. It has come about by no plan of our
conceiving, but by the hand of God. who led
us into this way.
"We cannot turn back. We can only sro for-
ward, with lifted eyes and freshened spirit,
to follow the vision. It was of this that we
dreamed at our birth. America shall in truth
show the way. The light streams upon the
path ahead, and nowhere else."
The treaty was referred to the senate com-
mittee on foreign relations July 10 and there
it remained under consideration until Sept.
10. when it was finally reported to the senate
with thirty-eight amendments and four res-
ervations. The long delay in formulating- the
report occasioned much criticism, the main
point of which was that it contributed ma-
terially to the general unrest in the country.
ELIHU ROOT'S RESERVATIONS.
Opposition to the league of nations had de-
veloped even before the senate committee
began its deliberations and various sugges-
tions for its improvement were made. The
most notable of these came from Elihu Root,
former United States senator, who on June 21
in a letter to Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of
Massachusetts, republican leader of the sen-
ate and chairman of the committee on for-
eigrn relations, proposed the following- reser- i
vations:
1. Elimination of article 10 in so far as
it affects the United States. This article
guarantees the members of the league to
maintain the territorial integrity and politi- ,-
cal independence of all the nations of the <
world admitted to the covenant.
2. Absolute and unqualified right of the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
697
United States to withdraw from the leagrue
on two years' notice.
3 Clear and unmistakable protection of
the' Monroe doctrine and the sovereignty of
the United States over purely American ques-
tions.
In his letter Mr. Root, while insisting- that
America could be of infinitely more value
to the peace of the world by keeping- out of
all the petty and selfish quarrels that arise
than she could by binding- herself to take part
in them, admitted that there was in the cove-
nant a great deal of very high value which
the world ougrht not to lose. "The arrange-
ments," he wrote, "to make conferences of
the powers automatic when there is danger
of war: provisions for joint action as of
course by representatives of the nations con-
cerned in matters affecting- common interests;
the agreement for delay in case of serious
disputes, with opportunity to bring the public
opinion of the world to bear on the dispu-
tants and to induce cool and deliberate judg-
ment; the recognition of racial and popular
rights to the freedom of local self -government ,
and the plan, indispensable in some form,
for setting up governments in the vast re-
gions deSrivSiP by the war of the autocratic
rule which had maintained order— all these
ought not to be lost if that can possibly
be avoided,"
THE TAFT INTERPRETATIONS.
Other important suggestions were made
after the peace treaty had been placed before
the senate. In correspondence with Will t
Hays chairman of the republican national
committee, William Howard Taft, former presi-
of the United States, offered on July ,20 what
he called "interpretations" of the .league of
nations covenant. These were six in number
and in effect were as follows;
1 That upon two years' notice the United
States should have the right to withdraw from
the league without having to prove that she
had fulfilled her obligations under the cove-
nant.
2 That colonies and dependencies cannot
be 'represented upon the league council with
the mother government or be included in the
clauses where the parties to the dispute are
excluded from its settlement.
3 That the operation of the council under
article 10 shall be advisory only and that
each member shall be left free to settle ques-
tions of war, the decision in the United States
resting with congress.
4 That matters relating to immigration
the' tariff and similar domestic questions shall
be excluded from settlement by the league.
5 That the Monroe doctrine is to be ad-
ministered solely by the United States.
6 That the United States reserves the right
to 'withdraw from the league unconditionally
at the end of ten years or to terminate the
obligations under article 10.
Mr Taft in his letters to Mr. Hays said
that 'he was strongly in favor of ratifying
the treaty as it stood, but that it seemed nec-
essary to make some reservations or inter-
pretations in order to secure the required two-
thirds vote for the ratification of the pact.
MR. HUGHES' SUGGESTIONS.
In response to a request from Senator Fred-
erick Hale of Maine. Charles Evans Hughes,
former member of the United States Supreme
court suggested, in a letter dated July 24
the following reservations:
"1 That whenever two years' notice of
withdrawal from the league of nations shall
have been given, as provided in article 1 of
the covenant, the power giving the notice shall
cease to be a member of the league, or sub-
ject to the obligations of the covenant of the
league, at the time specified in the notice,
notwithstanding any claim, charge or finding-
of the nonfulfillment of any international obli-
gation or of any obligation under said cove-
nant; provided, however, that such withdrawal
shall not release the power from any debt
or liability theretofore incurred.
"2. That questions relating to immigration,
or the imposition of duties on imports where
such questions do not arise out of any inter-
national engagement, are questions of domes-
tic policy, and these and any other questions
which according to international law are
solely within domestic jurisdiction are not
to be submitted for the consideration or ac-
tion of the league of nations or any of its
agencies.
"3. That the meaning- of article 21 of
the covenant of the league of nations is that
the United States of America does not relin-
quish its traditional attitude toward purely
American questions, and is not required by
said covenant to submit its policies regarding
questions which it deems to be purely Amer-
ican questions to the league of nations or any
of its agencies, and that the United States
of America- may oppose and prevent any ac-
quisition by any non-American power by con-
quest, purchase or in any other manner of
any territory, possession or control in the
western hemisphere.
"4. That the meaning of article 10 of the
covenant of the league of nations is that the
members of the league are not under any obli-
gation to act in pursuance of said article
except as they may decide to act upon the
advice of the council of the league. The
United States of America assumes no obli-
gation under said article to undertake any
military expedition or to employ its armed
forces on land or sea, unless such action is
authorized by the congress of the United
States of America, which has exclusive au-
thority to declare war, or determine for the
United States of America whether there ia any
obligation on its part under said article and
the means or action by which any such obli-
gation shall be fulfilled.
"I agree with Mr. Root that it would be
desirable to eliminate article 10 with its
guaranty to 'preserve against external aggres-
sion the territorial integrity' of all members
of the league. I still think that article 10
is a trouble breeder and not a peacemaker."
PRESIDENT QUESTIONED BY SENATORS.
The senate committee on foreign relations
called many witnesses before it to testify as
to how the treaty of peace with Germany was
framed and as to the reasons for the various
conclusions reached, and to give their inter-
pretations of various parts of the league of
nations covenant. Little attention, in fact,
was paid to anything outside the clauses re-
lating to the league. The hearings occupied
weeks and the testimony taken would fill
volumes. The most distinguished witness was
President Wilson, who was examined by mem-
bers of the committee for three hours and a
half at the white house on Aug. 19. The
opinions he expressed then were the same as
those which he had made known in various
addresses delivered after his return from
France and which he reiterated on many oc-
casions in the course of a lengthy tour
through the United States in an effort to
enlighten public opinion and to combat the
arguments mate in and out of the senate by
the opponents of the treaty. He had become
convinced that unless he went directly to
the people his work in France would go for
nothing.
698
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
WILSON TOUR IN DEFENSE OF TREATY.
For the purpose of explaining and defend-
ing the features of the German peace treaty
and especially the covenant of the league of
nations, which had met with opposition in the
United States senate and elsewhere. President
Wilson undertook a speech making1 tour in
September. 1919. which took him to many of
the principal cities in the central and western
states. He traveled by special train and was
accompanied by Mrs. Wilson, Rear-Admiral
Cary T. Grayson. Secretary Tumulty, a corps
of stenographers and some thirty correspond-
ents. The start of the journey was made Sept.
3 and the first address was made in Columbus,
O.. on the forenoon of Sept. 4.
KEYNOTE SPEECH OF TRIP.
Speaking in Memorial hall. Columbus. O.,
Sept. 4, President Wilson said:
"Mr. Chairman, Governor Campbell, and my
fellow citizens: It is with very profound
pleasure that I find myself face to face with
you. I have for a long time chafed at the
confinement of Washington. I have for a
long time wished to fulfill the purpose with
which my heart was full when I returned lo
our beloved country, namely, to go out and
report to my fellow countrymen concerning
those affairs of the world which now need
to be settled.
"The only people I owe any rep9rt to are
you and the other citizens of the United States
and it has become increasingly necessary, ap-
parently, that I should report to you.
"After all the various angles at which you
have heard the treaty held up perhaps you
would like to know what is in the treaty. I
find it very difficult in reading some of the
speeches that I have read to form any concep-
tion ol that great document.
"It is a document unique in the history of
the world for many reasons and I think I
cannot do you a better service or the peace
of the world a better service than by pointing
out to you just what this treaty contains and
•what it seeks to do.
"In the first place, my fellow countrymen,
it seeks to punish one of the greatest wrongs
ever done in history, the wrong which Ger-
many sought to do to the world and to civili-
zation, and there ought to be no weak purpose
with regard to the application of the punish-
ment. She attempted an intolerable thing
and she must be made to pay for the at-
tempt.
"The terms of the treaty are severe, but
they are not unjust. I can testify that the
men associated with me at the peace conference
in Paris hud it in their hearts to do justice
and not wrong, but they knew, perhaps with a
more vivid sense of what had happened than
we could possibly know on this side of the
•water, the many solemn covenants which Ger-
many had disregarded; the lonsr preparation
she had made to overwhelm her neighbors; the
utter disregard which she had shown for hu-
man rights, for the rights of women and chil-
dren and those who were helpless.
"They had seen their lands devastated by
an enemy that devoted itself not only to the
effort of victory but to the effort of terror,
seeking to terrify the people whom they
fought, and I wish to testify that they exer-
cised restraint in the terms of this treaty.
"They do not wish to overwhelm any great
nation and they had no purpose in overwhelm-
ing the German people, but they did think
that it ought to be burned into the con-
sciousness of men forever that no people ought
to permit its government to do what the Ger-
man government did.
"In the lr>st analysis, my fpllow countryman,
as we in America would be the first to claim,
a people is responsible for the acts of its
government: if its government purposes things
that are wrong, it ought to take measures and
see to it that that purpose is not executed.
"Germany was sell-governed. Her rulers
had not concealed the purposes that they had
in mind, but they had deceived their people
as to the character of the methods they were
going to use and I believe from what I can
learn that there is an awakened consciousness
in Germany itself of the deep iniquity of the
thing that was attempted.
"When the Austrian delegates came before
the peace conference, they, in so many words,
spoke of the origination of the war as a crime
and admitted in our presence that it was a
thing intolerable to contemplate.
"They knew in their hearts that it had done
them the deepest conceivable wrong: that it
had put their people and the people of Ger-
many at the judgment seat of mankind and
throughout this treaty every term that was
applied to Germany was meant not to humili-
ate Germany but to rectify the wrong that
she had done.
"And if you will look even into the severe
terms of reparation, for there was no indem-
nity— no indemnity of any sort was claimed —
merely reparation, merely paying for the de-
struction done, merely making good the losses
so far as the losses could be made good which
she had unjustly inflicted, not upon the gov-
ernments— for the reparation is not to go to
the governments— but upon the people whose
rights she had trodden upon with absolute ab-
sence of everything that even resembled pity —
there is no indemnity in this treaty, but there is
reparation and even in the terms of reparation
a method is devised by which the reparation
shall be adjusted to Germany's ability to pay
it.
"I am astonished at some of the statements
I see made about this treaty, and the truth
is that they are made by persons who have
not read the treaty or who, if they have read
it, have not comprehended its meaning.
"There is a method of adjustment in the
treaty by which the reparation shall not be
pressed beyond the point which Germany can
pay, but she will be pressed to the utmost
point that she can pay, which is just, which
is righteous.
"It would be intolerable if there had been
anything else, for, my fellow citizens, this
treaty is not meant merely to end this single
war, it is meant as a notice to every govern-
ment who in the future will attempt this
thing- that mankind will unite to inflict the
same punishment.
"There is no national triumph sought to be
recorded in this treaty. There is no glory
sought for any particular nation.
"The thought of the statesmen collected
around that table was of their people, of the
sufferings that they had gone through, of the
losses they had incurred, that great throbbing
heart which was so depressed, so forlorn, so
sad in every memory that it had had of the
five tragical years, my fellow countrymen.
"Let us never forget the purpose, the high
purpose, the disinterested purpose, with which
America lent its strength, not for its own
glory, but for the advance of mankind.
"And as I said, this treaty was not intended
merely to end this war; it was intended to
prevent any similar war.
"I wonder if some of the opponents of
the league of nations have forgotten the
promises we made our people before we went
to that peace table?
"We had taken by processes of law the
flower of our youth from every countryside —
from every household— and we told those
mothers and fathers and sisters and wives and
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
699
sweethearts that we were taking these men
to fight a war which would end business of
that sort and if we do not do the best that
human concert of action can do to end it
we are of all men the most unfaithful — the
most unfaithful to the loving- hearts who suf-
fered in this war; the most unfaithful to
those whose heads bowed in grief, yet lifted
with the feeling- that the lad laid down his
life for great things, among- other things, in
order that other lads might not have to do
the same thing.
"That is what the league of nations is
for. to end this war justly, and it is not
merely to serve notice on governments which
would contemplate the same things which Ger-
many contemplated, that they will do it at
their peril, but also concerting the combi-
nation of power which will prove to them
that they will do it at their peril.
"It is idle to say the world will combine
against you, because it may not, but it is
persuasive to say the world is combined
against you and will remain combined against
any who attempt the same things that you
attempted.
"The league of nations is the only thing
that can prevent the recurrence of this dread-
ful catastrophe and redeem our promises.
And the character of the league is based upon
the experience of this very war.
"I did not meet a single public man who
did not admit these things, that Germany
would not have gone into this war if she
had thought Great Britain was going into it
and that she most certainly would never have
gone into this war if she had dreamed Amer-
ica was going into it, and they have all ad-
mitted that a notice beforehand that the
greatest powers of the world would combine
to prevent this sort of thing- would have pre-
vented it absolutely.
"When gentlemen tell you. therefore, that
the league of nations is intended for some
other purpose than this merely reply this to
them:
" 'If we do not do this thing we have neg-
lected the central covenant that we made to
our people.*
"Then there will be no statesman of any
country who can thereafter promise his people
any alleviation from the perils of war.
"The passions of this world are not dead;
the rivalries of this world have not cooled;
they have been rendered hotter than ever.
The harness that is to unite nations is more
necessary now than it ever was before and
unless there is this sureness of combined
action before wrong is attempted, wrong will
be attempted just as soon as the most ambi-
tious nations can recover from the financial
stress of this war.
"Now, look, what else is in the treaty?
This treaty is unique in the history of man-
kind, because the center of it is the redemption
of weak nations.
"There never was a congress of nations be-
fore that considered the rights of those who
could not enforce their rights. There never
was a congress of nations before that did not
seek to affect some balance of power brought
about by means of serving the strength and
interest of the strongest powers concerned,
whereas this treaty builds up nations that
never could have won their freedom in any
other way.
"It builds them up by gift, by largess, not
by obligation; builds them up because of the
conviction of the men who wrc.e the treaty
that the rights of people transcend the rights
of governments; because of the conviction of
the »men who wrote that treaty that the
fertile source of war is wrong; that the Aus-
tro-Hungarian empire, for example, was held
together by military force and consisted of
peoples who did not want to live together;
who did not have the spirit of nationality as
toward each other; who were constantly
chafing at the bands that held them.
"Hungary, though a willing partner of Aus-
tria, was willing to be her partner because
she could share- Austria's strength for accom-
plishing her own ambitions and her own ambi-
tions were to hold under the Jugro Slavic
peoples that lie to the south of her.
"Bohemia, an unhappy partner, a partner
by duress, flowing in all her veins the strong-
est national impulse that was to be found
anywhere in Europe; and north of that piti-
ful Poland, a great nation divided up among
the great powers of Europe, torn asunder—
kinship disregarded, natural ties treated with
contempt and an obligatory division among
sovereigns' imposed upon her— a part of her
given to Russia, a part of her given to Aus-
tria and a part of her given to Germany and
great bodies of Polish people never permitted
to have the normal intercourse with their
kinsmen for fear that that fine instinct of
the heart should assert itself which binds fam-
ilies together.
"Poland could never have won her inde-
pendence.
"Bohemia never could have broken away
from the Austro-Hungarian combination.
"The Slavic peoples to the south running
down into the great Balkan peninsula had
again and again tried to assert their nation-
ality and their independence and had as often
been crushed, not by the immediate power they
were fighting, but by the combined power of
Europe.
"The old alliances, the old balances of power
were meant to see to it thnt no little nation
asserted its rights to the disturbance of the
peace of Europe and every time an assertion
of rights was attempted they were suppressed
by combined influence and force and thi«
treaty tears away all that and says these
people have a right to live their own livea
under the governments which they themselves
choose to set up.
"That is the American principle and I was
glad to fight for it and when strategic con-
siderations were urged I said— not I alone—
but it was a matter of common counsel that
strategic considerations were not in our
thought, that we were not now arranging" for
future wars, but were giving people what be-
longed to them.
"My fellow citizens. I do not think there !•
any man alive who has a more tender sym-
pathy for the great people of Italy than I
have and a very stern duty was presented to
us when we had to consider some of the
claims of Italy on the Adriatic, because strate-
gically from the point of view of future wars
Italy needed a military foothold on the other
side of the Adriatic, but her people did not
live there except in little spots.
"It was a Slavic people and I had to say
to my Italian friends that everywhere else
in this treaty we have given territory to the
people who lived on it ?nd I do not think
that it is for the advantage of It?ly— nnd I
am sure it is not for the advantage of the
world— to give Italy territory where other peo-
ple live.
"I felt the force of ths argument for what
they wanted and it was the old n-gument that
had always prevailed— namely, that they need-
ed it from a military point of view — and I
have no doubt that if there is no league of
nations they will need it from a military point
of view, but if there is a league of nations
they will not need it from a military point of
view.
"If there is n9 lea rue of nations the mili-
tary point of view vill prevail in every In-
stance and peace will be brought into con-
tempt; but if there is a league of nations
TOO
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Italy need not fear the fact that the shores
on the other side of the Adriatic t9\ver above
her lower sandy shores on her side of the
sea because there will be no threatening grins
there and the nations of the world will have
considered not merely to see that the Slavic
peoples have their rights, but that the Italian
people have their rights as well.
"I would rather have everybody on my side
than be armed to the teeth, and every settle-
ment that is right, every settlement that is
based upon the principles I have alluded to.
is a safe settlement because the sympathy
of mankind will be behind it.
"Some gentlemen have feared with regard to
the league of nations that we will be obliged
to do things we don t want to do. If the
treaty were wrong that might be so. but if
the treaty is right, we will wish to preserve
right. I think I know the heart of this great
people whom I for the time being have the
high honor to represent better than some
other men that I hear talk.
"I have been bred and am proud to have
been bred in the old revolutionary stock which
set this government up. when America was set
UP as a friend of mankind, and I know— if
they do not— that America has never lost that
vision or that purpose.
"But I haven't the slightest fear that arms
will be necessary if the purpose is there.
I know that my adversary is armed and I am
not I do not press the controversy, and if any
nation entertains selfish purposes set against
the principles established in this treaty and
is told by the rest of the world that it must
withdraw its claims, it will not press them.
"The heart «f this treaty then, my fellow
citizens, is not even that it punishes Germany
—that is a temporary thing— it is that it recti-
fies the age long wrong which characterized
the history of Europe.
"There were some of us who wished that
the scope of the treaty would reach some
other age long wrongs. It was a big job ana
I don't say that we wished that it were bigger,
but there were other wrongs elsewhere than
in Europe and of the same kind, which no
doubt ought to be righted and some day will
be righted, but which we could not deal with
in the treaty because we could deal only with
the countries which the war had engulfed and
affected.
"But so far as the scope of our treaty went,
we rectified the wrongs which have been the
fertile source of war in Europe.
"Have you ever reflected, my fellow country-
men on the real source of revolutions? Men
don't start revolutions in a sudden passion
Do you remember what Thomas Carlyle said
about the French revolution?
"He was speaking ot the so-called hundred
d*ys' terror which reigned, not only in Pans
but throughout France, in the days of the
French revolution: and he reminded his read-
ers that back of that hundred days of terror
lay several hundred years of agony and of
"The French people had been deeply and
persistently wronged by their government,
robbed, their human rights disregarded, and
the slow agony of those hundreds of years
had after a while gathered into a hot agony
that could not be suppressed. Revolutions
don't spring up over night, revolutions gather
through the ages; revolutions come from the
long suppression of the human spirit: revo-
lutions come because men know that they
have rights and that they are disregarded.
"And when we think of the future of the
world in connection with this treaty we must
remember that one of the chief efforts of
those who made this treaty was to remove
that anger from the heart of great peoples,
great peoples who had always been suppressed
and always been used, who had always been
the tools in the hands of governments— gener-
ally of alien governments— not their own.
And the makers of the treaty knew that
if these wrongs were not removed there could
be no peace in the world, because, after all.
my fellow citizens, war comes from the seed
of wrong and not from the seed of right.
This treaty is an attempt to right the history
of Europe— and in my humble judgment it is a
measurable success.
"I say 'measurable.' my fellow citizens be-
cause you will realize the difficulty of this
Here are two neighboring peoples. The one
people has not stopped at a sharp line and
the settlements of the other people, or the
migrations, begun at that sharp line- they
have intermingled.
"There are regions where you can't draw a
national line and say there are Slavs on this
side and Italians on that: there is this people
there and that people there.
It can't be done. You have to approxi-
mate the line. You have to come to it as
near to it as you can and then trust to the
process of history to redistribute, it may be
the people who are on the wrong side of the
line.
IT/- And there are niany such lines drawn in
this treaty and to be drawn in the Austrian
treaty, where perhaps there are more lines
of that sort than in the German treaty
*JlW£en. ^e came to draw tne line between
the Polish people and the German people
not the line between Germany and Poland-
there wasn't any Poland, strictly speaking—
the line between the German people and the
Polish people— there were districts like the
upper part of Silesia, or rather the eastern
part of Silesia, which is called 'Upper Silesia,'
because it is mountainous and the other part
is not. High Silesia is chiefly Polish and when
we came to draw a line to represent Poland
it was necessary to include High Silesia il
we were really going to play fair and make
Poland up of the Polish peoples wherever ire
found them in sufficiently close neighborhood
to one another.
"But it wasn't perfectly clear that Upper—
that High Silesia wanted to be part of Po-
land. At any rate there were Germans in High
Silesia who said that it did not. and. therefore,
we did there what we did in many other
places; we said. 'Very well, then, we will let
the people that live there decide.
" 'We will have a referendum within a cer-
tain length of time after the war. under the
supervisi9n of an international commission
which will have a sufficient armed force be-
hind it to preserve order and see that nobody
interferes with the elections. We will have
an absolutely free vote and High Silesia shall
go either to Germany or to Poland, as the
people in High Silesia prefer.'
"And that illustrates many other cases 'where
we provided for a referendum, or a plebiscite,
as they choose to call it: and we are going:
to leave it to the people themselves, as we
should have done, what government they shall
live under.
"It is none of my prerogative to allot pee-
ples to this government and the other. It ie
nobody's right to do that allotting- except the
people themselves and I want to testify that
this treaty is shot through with the Ameri-
can principle of the cilice of the governed.
"Of course, at times it went further than
we could make a practical policy of, because
various peoples were keen upon getting back
portions of their populations which were sep-
arated from them by many miles of territory
and we couldn't spot over with little pieces of
eparated states.
'I even had to remind my Italian colleagruee
;hat if they were going to claim every place
where there was a large Italian population
we would have to cede New York to them.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
701
because there are more Italians in New York
than in any Italian city.
"But I believe— I hope— that the Italians in
New York city are as glad to stay there as
we are to have them. I would not have you
suppose that I am intimating that my Italian
colleagues entered any claim for New York
city.
"We. of all peoples in the world, my fellow
citizens, ought to be able to understand the
questions of this treaty and without anybody
explaining them to us; for we are made up
out of all the peoples of the world. I dare
say that in this audience there are representa-
tives of practically all the peoples dealt with
in this treaty.
"You don't have to have me explain na-
tional ambitions to you— national aspirations.
You have been brought up on them; you
learned of them since you were children and it
is t '.ose national aspirations which we sought
to realize, to give an outlet to. in this great
"But we do much more than that. This
treaty contains, among other things, a Magna
Charta of labor— a thing unheard of until this
interesting year of grace. There is a whole
section of the treaty devoted to arrangements,
by which 'he interests of those who labor
with their Lands all over the world— whether
they be men or women or children— are all of
them to be safeguarded. And next month
there is to meet the first assembly under this
section of the league— and let me tell you it
will meet whether t^e treaty is ratified by
that time or not.
"There is to meet an assembly which rep-
resents the interest^ of laboring men through-
out the world: not their political interests.
There is nothing political about it.
"It is the interest of men concerning the
conditions of their labor, concerning the char-
acter of labor which women shall engage in,
the character of labor which children shall
be permitted to engage in: the hours of labor,
and. incidentally, of course, the remuneration
of labor.
"The labor shall be remunerated in propor-
tion, of course, to the maintenance of the
standard of livng which is proper for the
m'an who is expected to give his whole brain
and intelligence and energy to a particular
"I hear very little said about this Magna
Charta of labor which is embodied in this. It
forecasts the day which ought to have come
long ago, when statesmen will realize that no
nation is fortunate which is not happy and
that no nation can be happy whose people are
not contented, contented in their industry,
contented in their lives and fortunate in the
circumstances of their lives.
"If I were to state what seems to me to
be the central idea of this treaty it would
be this: It is almost a discovery in interna-
tional conventions— That nations do not con-
sist of their government, but consist of their
people.'
"That is a rudimentary idea: it seems to go
without saying to us in America, but my fel-
low citizens, it was never the leading idea in
any other international congress that I ever
heard of: that is to say, any international
congress made up of the. representatives of
government.
"They were always thinking of national
policy, of national advantages, of the rivalries
of trade, of the advantages of territorial con-
quest.
"There is nothing of that in this treaty.
"You will notice that even the territories
which are taken awpy from Germany, like
her colonies, are not given to anybody. There
is not a single act of annexation in this treaty.
"But territories inhabited by people not yet
able to govern themselves, either because of
economic or other circumstances, or the stage
of their development, are put under the cure
of powers who are to accept as trustees,
trustees responsible in the forum of the world,
at the bar of the league of nations, and the
terms upon which they are to exercise their
trusteeship are outlined.
"They are not to use those people by way
of profit and to fight their wars for them:
they are not to permit any form of slavery
among them or of enforced labor. They are
to see to it that there are humane condi-
tions of labor with regard not only to the
women and children, but the men. too.
"They are to establish no fortifications; they
are to regulate the liqupr and the opium traf-
fic; they are to see to it. in other words that
the lives of the people whose care they assume
— not sovereignty over whom they assume,
but whose care they assume— are kept clean
and safe and holy.
'There again the principle of the treaty
comes out — that the object of the arrangement
is the welfare of the people who live there
and not the advantages of the government.
"It goes beyond that and it seeks to gather
under the common supervision of the league
of nations the various instrumentalities by
which the world has been trying to check the
evils that were in some places debasing: men,
like the opium traffic, like the traffic— for it
was a traffic — in men, women and children:
like the traffic in other dangerous drugs: like
the traffic in arms among uncivilized people,
who could use arms only for their detriment'
for sanitation: for the work of the Red Cross.
"Why. those clauses, my fellow citizjens.
draw the hearts of the world into league;
draw the noble impulses of the world together
and make a poem of them.
"I used to be told that this was an age
in which mind was monarch; and my com-
ment was that if that were true the mind
was one of those modern monarchs that reign
and do not govern, but as a matter of fact
we were governed by a great representative
assembly, made up of the human passion*
and that the best we could manage waa that
the high and fine passions should be in a ma-
jority, so that they could control the faoe
of passion, so that they could check the things
that were wrong, and this treaty seeks some-
thing like that.
"In drawing the humane endeavors together
it makes a mirror of the fine passions of the
world, of its philanthropic passions and of H«
passion of pity, of this passion of humam
sympathy, of this passion of human friendli-
ness and helpfulness, for there is such a
passion.
"It is the passion that has lifted us alonr
the slow road of civilization: it is the passion
that has made ordered government possible:
it is the passion that has made justice and
established the thing in some happy part of
the world.
"That is the treaty. Did you ever hear of
it before? Did you ever know before what
was in this treaty? Did anybody before ever
tell you what the treaty was intended to do?
"I beg, my fellow citizens, that you and
the rest of those Americans with whom -we
are happy to be associated all over this broad
land, will read the treaty themselves — or U
they won't take time to do that — for it is a
technical document that is hard to read —
that they will accept the interpretation oJ
those who made it and know what the inten-
tions were in the making of it.
"I hear a great deal, my fellow citizens,
about the selfishness and the selfish ambitions
of other governments, but I would not be
doing justice to the gifted men with whom I
was associated on the other side of the water
if I did not testify that the purposes that
I have outlined were their purposes.
702
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
"We differed as to the method very often:
we had discussions as to the details, but we
never had any serious discussion as to the
principle. And while we all acknowledge that
the principles mig-ht perhaps in details have
been better, really we are all back of those
principles.
"There is a concert of mind and of purpose
and of policy in the world that was never in
existence before. I am not saying1 that by
way of credit to myself or to those col-
leagues to whom I have alluded, because what
happened to us was that we got messages
from our peoples: we were there under in-
structions, whether they were written down
or not. We did not dare come home without
fulfilling those instructions.
"If I could not have brougrht back the
kind of treaty I brought back, I never would
have come back, because I would have been
an unfaithful servant and you would have
had the right to condemn me in any way that
you chose: so that I testify that this is an
American treaty; not only that but it is a
treaty that expresses the heart of the people
—of the great peoples who were associated
together in the war against Germany.
"I said at the opening of this informal
address, my fellow citizens, that I had come
to make a report to you. I want to add
to that a little bit. I have not come to de-
bate the treaty. It speaks for itself if you
will let it. The arguments directed against
it are directed against it with a radical mis-
understanding1 of the instrument itself.
"Therefore. I am not going anywhere to
debate the treaty. I am going to expound it
and I am going, right here, now. to-day, to
urge you in every vocal method that you can
use to assert the spirit of the American
people in support of it.
"Don't let men pull it down. Don't let
them misrepresent it; don't let them lead
this nation away from the high purposes with
which this war was inaugurated and fought.
"As I came through that line of youngsters
in khaki a few minutes ago I felt that I
could salute it because I had done the job
in the way I promised them I would do
it and when this treaty is accepted men in
khaki will not have to cross the seas again.
"That is the reason I believe in it. I
say 'When, it is accepted,' for it will be ac-
cepted. I have never entertained a moment's
doubt of that and the only thing I have
been impatient of has been the delay. It is
not a dangerous delay except for the temper
of the peoples scattered throughout the world
who are waiting.
"Do you realize, my fellow citizens, that
the whole world is waiting on America? The
only country in the world that is trusted at
this moment is the United States and they
are waiting to see whether their trust is
justified or not.
"That has been the ground of my impa-
tience. I knew their trust was justified, but
I begrudge the time that certain gentlemen
oblige us to take in telling them BO.
"We shall tell them so in a voice as au-
thentic as any voice in history and in the
years to come men will be glad to remember
that they had some part in the great strug-
gle which brought this incomparable consum-
mation of the hopes of mankind."
WAR COULD HAVE BEEN PREVENTED.
Addressing an audience of 10,000 in the
Coliseum, Indianapolis. Ind., on the evening
of Sept. 4, President Wilson said in part:
"I want to recall to you for the purpose
of this evening the circumstances of the war
and the purposes for which our men lost
their lives on the other side of the sea.
"You will remember that a prince of the
house of Austria was slain by a Serbian sym-
pathizer. Serbia was one of the small king-
doms of Europe/" She had no strength which
any of the great powers needed to fear.
"As we see the war now, Germany and those
who conspired with her made a pretext of that
accusation in order to make unconscionable
demands for the weak and helpless kingdom
of Serbia, not with a view of bringing about
an acquiescence in those demands, but with a
view to bringing about a conflict in which
their purposes, quite separate from the pur-
poses connected with these demands, could ba
achieved.
"Just so soon as these demands were made,
other nations of Europe sent telegraphic mes-
sages to their representatives at Vienna and
Berlin, urging them to ask the governments
of Vienna and Berlin to enter into discussion
of these matters.
"I was recalling, my fellow citizens, the cir-
cumstances which beg-an the terrible conflict
that has just been concluded.
"So soon as the unconscionable demands of
Austria were made on Serbia the other gov-
ernments of Europe sent telegraphic message*
to Berlin and Vienna asking that the matter
be brought into a conference.
"And the significant circumstance of the
beginning of this war is that the Austrian and
German governments did not dare to discuss
the demands on Serbia or the purpose which
they had in view.
"It is universally admitted on the other side
of the water that if they had gone into inter-
national conference on the Austrian demand*
the war never would have been begun.
"There was an insistent demand from Lon-
don, for ex°mple, by the British f orei ;n min-
ister that the cabinets of Europe should be
given time to confer with the governments at
Vienna and Berlin. The governments at
Vienna and Berlin did not dare to admit time
for discussion.
"I am recalling these circumstances, my fel-
low citizens, because I want to point out to
you what apparently has escaped the attention
of some of the critics of the leagne of nation*
that the heart of the league of nations does
not lie in any of the portions which have been
discussed in putlic debate.
"The great bulk of the provisions of that
covenant contained these engagements and
promises on the part of the states which
undertook to become members of it:
"That in no circumstances will they go to
war without first having either submitted the
question to arbitration, in which case they
agree to abide by the result, or having sub-
mitted the question to discussion by the coun-
cil of the league of nations, in which case they
will allow six months for the discussion and
engage not to go to war until three month*
after the council hns announced its opinion
upon the subject under dispute.
"So that the heart of the covenant of the
league is that the nations solemnly covenant
not to go to war for nine months after a con-
troversy becomes acute.
"If there had been nine days of discussion
Germany would not have gone to war. Ii
there had been nine days within which to
bring to bear the opinion of the world, the
judgment of mankind, upon the purposes of
these governments, they never would have
dared to execute those purposes.
ARTICLE X. EXPLAINED.
"You have heard a great deal about article
X. of the covenant of the league of nations.
Article X. speaks the conscience of the world.
Article X. is the article which goes to the
heart of this whole bad business, for that
article says that the members of this league
—and that is intended to be all the great na-
tions of the world — engage to resist and pre-
serve against all external aggression the ter-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
703
ritorial integrity and political independence of
the nations concerned.
-That promise is necessary in order to pre-
vent this sort of war recurring- and we are
IbSolutely discredited if we fought this war
and then neglect the essential safeguard
a&"You have heard it said, my fellow citizens.
that we are robbed of some .degree of our
sovereign independence of choice by articles
of that sort Every man who makes a choice
to respect the rights of his neighbors deprives
himself of absolute sovereignty, but he does
it by promising never to do wrong and I can-
not for one. see anything- that robs me of any
inherent right that I ought to retain when
n1 5?ifit "nt'ence of article
ing political independence not only of the
other member states, but of all states and .
any member of the league disregards that
"^SS*™ S^e^gue advises what
should be done to enforce the respect for that
covenant on the part of the nation attempt-
ing to violate it. And there is no compulsion
upon us to take that advice-except the com-
pulsion of our good conscience and judgment
"So that it is perfectly evident that if. in
the judgment of the people of the United
States the council adjudged this was not an
occasion for the use of *««*£?",£££ of
no necessity on the part of the congress o.
the United States to vote the use of force.
But ttSnTcoSld be no advice of the council on
any such subject without a unanimous vote.
and the unanimous vote would include our
°W'And if we accepted the advice we would
be accepting our own advice. For 1 neec
not tell you that the representatives of the
government of the United States would not
vote without instructions from their govern-
ment at home and that what we united in
advising we could be certain that our people
would desire to do.
"There is in that covenant n9t one note
of surrender of the independent judgment of
the government of the United States, but an
expression of it. because that independent
judgment would have to join with the judg-
™ But 'whin"*' that judgment going to be
expressed, my fellow citizens? Only after it
is evident that every other resource has failed.
And I want to call your attention to the cen-
tral machinery of the league of nations.
"If any member of that league, or any na-
tion not a member, refuses to submit the Ques-
tion at issue either to arbitration or .to dis-
cussion by the council there ensues automati-
cally. by the engagements of this covenant, an -
absolute economic boycott.
"There will be no trade with that nation
by any member of the league: there will
be no interchange of communication by post
or telegraph; there will be no travel to or
from that nation: its borders will be closed:
no citizen of any other state will be allowed
to enter it and no one of its citizens will
be allowed to leave it.
"It will be hermetically sealed by the united
action of the most powerful nations of the
world, and if this economic boycott bears with
unequal weight the members of the league
agree to support one another and to relieve
one another in any exceptional disadvantages
that may arise out of it.
"And I want you to realize that this war
was won not only by the armies of the world
but it was won by economic means as well.
Without the economic means the war would
have been much longer continued. What hap-
pened was that Germany was shut off from
the economic resources of the rest of the
globe and she could not stand it: and a na-
tion that is boycotted is a nation that is
in sight of surrender.
"Apply this economic, peaceful, silent deadly
remedy and there will be no need for force.
It is a terrible remedy. It does not cost
a life outside the nation boycotted, but it
brings a pressure upon that nation which, in
my judgment, no modern nation could re-
"I want you to notice another interesting-
point that has never been dilated upon in
connection with the league of nations I am
now treading upon delicate ground and I must
express myself with caution.
'There were a good many delegations that
visited Pans waiting to be heard by the peace
conference who had real causes to present
and which ought to be presented to the view
of the world.
"But we had to point out to them that they
did not happen, unfortunately, to come within
the area of settlement: that their question*
were not questions which were necessarily
drawn into the things that we were de-
ciding. * * *
"I therefore want to call your attention, if
you will look it UP when you g-o home, to
article XI.. following article X. of the cov-
enant of the league of nations.
"That article XI. let me say, is the favorite
article in the treaty so far as I am concerned.
It says that every matter which is likely to
affect the peace of the world is everybody'*
business and that it shall be the friendly right
of any nation to call attention in the league
to anything that is likely to affect the peace
pi the world or the good understanding be-
tween nations, upon which the peace of the
world depends, whether that matter immediate-
ly concerns the nation drawing attention to it
or not.
"There is not an oppressed people in the
world which cannot, henceforth, get a hear-
ing at that forum. And you know, my fellow
citizens, what a hearing will mean if the
cause of that people is just.
"There is another thing in this covenant,
which was one of a number of difficulties
that we encountered at Paris. I need not
tell you that at every turn in these discussion*
we came across some secret treaty, some under-
standing that had never been made public
before: some understanding that embarrassed
the whole settlement.
"I think it will not be improper for me to
refer to one of those matters. When we came
to the settlement of the Shantung question
with regard to China we found that Great
Britain and France were under specific treaty
obligations to Japan that she should get exact-
ly what she got in the treaty with Germany,
and the most that we could do — I mean the
most that the United States could do— was to
urge upon the representatives of Japan the
very fatal policy that was involved in such a
settlement and obtain from her the promise,
which she gave, that she would not take ad-
vantage of those portions of the treaty, but
would return, without qualification, the sove-
reignty which Germany had enjoyed in Shan-
tuner province to the republic of China.
"We have had repeated assurances since-
then that Japan intends to fulfill those prom-
ises in absolute good faith. But my present
point is that there stood at the very gate of
that settlement a secret treaty between Japan
and two of the great powers engaged in this
war on our side.
"This war had been fought, in part, because
of the refusal to observe the fidelity which is
involved in a promise, in a failure to regard
the fairness of treaties. And this covenant
704
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
of the league of nations provides that no se-
cret treaty shall have any validity."
OPPOSITION ILLOGICAL.
From Indianapolis President Wilson proceed-
ed to St. Louis, Mo., where he made two
addresses Sept. 5, one to business men at a
luncheon and the other to an audience of
10,000 in the Coliseum. At the mass meeting
the president said:
"I have sought — I think without prejudice —
to understand the point of view of the men
who have been opposing the treaty and the
covena-nt of the league of nations. Many of
them are men whose judgment and patriotic
feeling I have been accustomed to admire and
respect. And yet I must admit to you, my
fellow countrymen, that it is very hard for me
to believe that they have followed their line
of thinking to its logical and necessary con-
clusion, because, when you reflect upon their
position, it is either that we ought to reject
this treaty altogether or that we ought to
change it in such a way as will make it neces-
sary to reopen negotiations with Germany and
reconsider the settlements of the peace in many
essential particulars. I think that is a reason-
able and conservative statement.
"If the world is going bankrupt, if credit
is going to be destroyed, if the industry of the
races of the world is going to be interrupted,
our market will be confined to the United
States: trade will be impossible except within
our own borders. If we are to save our own
markets and rehabilitate our own industries we
must save the financial situation of the world
and rehabilitate the markets of the world.
"Germany cannot pay for this war unless
her industries are revived, and the treaty of
peace sets up a great commission known as the
reparation commission, in which it was intend-
ed that there should be a member from the
United States as well as from other countries,
and the business of this commission will be, in
part, to see that the industries of Germany are
revived in order that Germany may pay this
srreat debt which she owes to civilization.
"That reparation commission can determine
the currents of trade, the conditions of credit,
of international credit: it can determine how
much Germany is going to buy, where it is
going to buy. and how it is going to pay: and
if we must, to save ourselves, contribute to
the financial rehabilitation of the world, then,
without being members of this partnership, we
must put our money in the hands of those who
want to get the markets that belong to us.
"That is what these gentlemen call playing
a lone hand. It is, indeed, playing a lone
hand: it is playing a hand that is frozen out.
We must contribute the money which other
nations are to use in order to rehabilitate their
industry and credit, and we must make them
our antagonists and rivals and not our part-
ners. I put that proposition to any business
man. young or old, in the United States, and
ask him how he likes it. and whether he con-
siders that a useful way for the United States
to stand alone.
"We have got to carry this burden of recon-
struction, whether we will or not, or be ruined,
and the question is shall we carry it and be
ruined anyhow; these gentlemen propose that
at every point we shall be embarrassed by the
whole financial affairs of the world being in
the hands of other nations.
"The men who propose these things do not
understand the selfish interests of the United
States. Because here is the rest of the picture
—hot rivalries, burning suspicions, jealousies,
arrangements made everywhere, if possible, to
shut us out because, if we won't come in as
equals, we ought to be shut out.
"As it stands now. every nation trusts us.
They look to us. They long that we shall
undertake anything for their assistance rather
than that any other nation should undertake
it. And if we say we are in this world to live
by ourselves and get what we can out of it by
any selfish process, then the reaction will
change the whole heart and attitude of the
world toward this great, free, justice-loving
people, and after you have changed the atti-
tude of the world what have you produced—
peace?
"Why, my fellow citizens, is there any man
here, or any woman — let me say, is there any
child here, who does not know that the seed
of war in the modern world is industrial and
commercial rivalry?
"Ladies and gentlemen, I do not say it be-
cause I am an American and my heart is full
of the same pride that fills yours with regard
to the power and the spirit of this great
nation, but merely because it is a fact, which
I think everybody wpuld admit, outside of
America as well as inside of America, the
organization contemplated by the league of
nations, without the United States, would
merely be an alliance and not a league of
nations.
"It would be an alliance in which the part-
nership would be between the more powerful
European nations and Japan, and the other
party to the world arrangement — the antag-
onists, the disassociative party, the party to
be standing off and to be watched by the alli-
ance—would be the United States of America.
"There can be no league of nations in the
true sense without the partnership of this
great people.
"This war was a commercial and industrial
war. It was not a political war. Very well,
then, if we must stand apart and be the hostile
rivals of the rest of the world, we must do
something else; we must be physically ready
for anything to come. We must have a great
standing army. We must see to it that every
man in America is trained to arms. We must
see to it that there are munitions and guns
enough for an army. That means a mobilized
nation. The arms are not only laid up in store
but they are kept up to date so that they are
ready to use to-morrow.
"And what does that mean? Reduction of
taxes? No. Not only the continuation of the
present taxes but the increase of the present
taxes. It means something very much more
serious than that. We can stand that, so far
as the expense is concerned, if we care to keep
up the high cost of living- and enjoy the other
luxuries that we have recently enjoyed.
"But. what is much more serious than that,
we have got to have the sort of organization
which is the only kind of organization that
can handle armies of that sort. We may say
what we please of the German government
that has been destroyed, my fellow citizens,
but it was the only sort of government that
could handle an armed nation. You cannot han-
dle an armed nation by vote. You cannot han-
dle an armed nation if it is democratic, because
democracies do not go to war that way. You
have got to have concentrated, militaristic
organization of government to run a nation of
that sort.
"The financial leadership will be ours; the
industrial supremacy will be ours: the com-
mercial advantage will be ours, and the other
countries of the world will look to us, and,
shall I say, are looking to us, for leadership
and direction.
"Very well, then, if I am to compete with the
critics of this league and of this treaty, as a
selfish American, I say I want to get in and
get in as quick as I can ; I want to be inside and
know how the thing is run and help to run it.
"So then you have the alternative, armed
isolation or peaceful partnership. Can any sane
man hesitate as to the choice, and can any
sane man ask a question, which is the way
of peace?
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
706
"I dare say that you have heard about this
article X. Well, there are twenty-five other
articles in it and all of them are about some-
thing1 else. They discuss how soon and how
quick we can get out of it (the leagrue) . Well,
I am not a quitter, for one. We can get out
just as soon as we want to. but we don't want
to get out just as soon as we get in.
"And then they talk about the Monroe doc-
trine, when it expressly says that nothing1 in
that instrument shall be construed as affecting
in any way the validity of the Monroe doc-
tries. It says so in so many words."
ESSENTIAL OBJECT OF TREATY.
In addressing1 the St. Louis business men at
the noonday luncheon President Wilson said
in part:
"I have sometimes heard gentlemen discuss-
ing1 the questions that are now before us with
a distinction drawn between nationalism and
internationalism in these matters. It is very
difficult for me to follow their distinction. The
present nationalist is the man who wants his
nation to >be the greatest nation, and the great-
est nation is the nation which penetrates to
the heart of its duty and mission among1 the
nations of the world.
"One of the most interesting1 things that I
realized after I got to the other side of the
water was that the mental attitude of the
French people with regard to the settlement of
this war was largely determined by the fact
that for nearly fifty years they had expected
, it. We cannot, we will not live another fifty
years under the cloud of that terror.
"One of the centers of all the bad business
was in Constantinople. And that was because
Constantinople was the key to the weak part
of Europe. That was where the pawns were:
not the kings and the queens and castles and
the bishops and the rest of the chess game of
polities, but the little pawns.
"And every international conference that pre-
ceded the conference at Paris had been intend-
ed to complete and consummate the arrange-
ments for that game.
"The treaty of peace with Germany is a char-
ter and constitution of a new system for the
world, and that new system is based upon an
absolute reversal of the principles of the old
system. The essential object of that treaty is
to establish the independence and protect the
integrity of the weak peoples of the world.
"There can hereafter be no secret treaties.
The provision of the covenant is that every
treaty or international understanding shall be,
registered. I believe the word is. with the gen-
eral secretary of the league; that the general
secretary shall publish it in full just as soon
as it is possible for him to publish it; that no
treaty shall be valid which ia not thus regis-
tered.
"It was very embarrassing, my fellow citi-
zens, when you thought you were approaching
an ideal solution of a momentous question to
find that some of your principal colleagues
had given the whole thing away. And that
leads me to speak just in passing Of what has
given a great many people unnatural distress.
I mean the Shantung settlement: the settle-
ment with regard to a portion of the province
of Shantung in China.
"Great Britain and others, as everybody
now knows, in order to make it more certain
that Japan would come into the war and BO
assist to clear the Pacific of the German fleets,
had promised that any rights that Germany
had in China should in the case of the victory
of the allies pass to Japan. There was no qual-
ification in the promise. She was to get exact-
ly what Germany had.
"And so the only thing that was possible
was to induce Japan to promise — and I want
to say in all fairness, for it wouldn't be fair if
I didn't say it — that Japan did very handsomely
make the promises which were requested of
her — that she would retain in Shantung none
of the sovereign rights which Germany had
enjoyed there, but would return the sovereign-
ty without qualification to China, and retain
in Shantung province only what other nation-
alities had elsewhere: Economic rights with
regard to development and administration of
the railway and of certain mines which had
become attached to the railway. That is her
promise.
"And suppose that we said we wouldn't
assent. England and others must assent, and
if we are going to get Shantung province back
for China, and those gentlemen don't want to
engage in foreign wars, how are we going to
get ' it back ?
"Their idea of not getting into trouble seems
to be to stand for the greatest possible num-
ber of unworkable propositions. All very well
to talk about standing by China ! But how
are you standing by China when you withdraw
from the only arrangements by which China
can be assisted?
"If you are China's friend, but don't go into
the council where you can act as China's
friend— if you are China's friend, then put her
in a position where these concessions which
have been made need not be carried out: if you
are China's friend, scuttle and run. That is
not the kind of American I am."
• PROVIDE: FOR DISARMAMENT.
Arriving in Kansas City. Mo., on the morn-
ing of Sept. 6. President Wilson spoke to a
gathering of 20.000 persons in Convention hall.
In his address he said among other things:
"There was another thing that we needed to
accomplish, that is accomplished in this docu-
ment. We wanted disarmament and this docu-
ment provides in the only possible way for dis-
armament by common agreement. Observe, my
fellow citizens, that just now every great fight-
ing nation in the world is a member of this
partnership except Germany, and inasmuch as
Germany has accepted a limitation of her
army to 100.000 men. I don't think for the
time being she may be regarded as a great
fighting nation.
"And you know, my fellow citizens, that
armaments mean great standing armies and
great stores of war material. They do not
mean burdensome taxation merely, they do not
rr.ean merely compulsory military service, which
saps the economic strength of the nation, but
they mean the building up of a military class.
Again and again, my fellow citizens, in the
conference at Paris we were face to face with
this situation:
"That in dealing with a particular civil gov-
ernment we found that they would not dare to
promise what their general staff was not will-
ing that they should promise: and that they
were dominated by the military machine which
they had created, nominally for their own
defense, but really— whether they willed it or
not — 'for the provocation of war.
"And so long as you have a military class it
does not make any difference what your form
of government is. If you are determined to be
armed to the teeth, you must obey the orders
an'd directions of the only men who can con-
trol the great machinery of war.
"It is not merely the cost of it [armament],
although that is overwhelming, but it is the
spirit of it. and America has never had and
I hope in the providence of God never will
have that spirit.
"And there is no other way to dispense with
great armaments except by the common agree-
ment of the fighting nations of the world. And
here is the agreement. They promise disarma-
ment, and promise to agree upon a plan.
"My fellow citizens, it does not make any
difference what kind of minority governs
you. if it is a minority. And the thing we
706
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
must see to is that no minority anywhere mas-
ters the majority. That is at the heart, my
fellow citizens, of the tragical things that are
happening in that great country which we long
to help and can find no way that is effective
to help — I mean the great realm of Russia.
"The men who are now measurably in con-
trol of the affairs of Russia represent nobody
but themselves. They have again and again
been challenged to call a constitutional con-
vention. They have again and again been
challenged to prove that they have some kind
of mandate even from a single class of their
fellow citizens. And they dared not attempt it;
they have no mandate from anybody.
"There are only thirty-four of them, I am
told, and there were more than thirty-four
men who used to control the destinies of
Europe from Wilhelmstrasse. There is a closer
monopoly of power in Petrograd and Moscow
than there ever was in Berlin, and the thing
that is intolerable is not that the Russian peo-
ple are having their way but that another
group of men more cruel than the czar him-
self is controlling the destinies of that great
people.
"And if anybody dares to defeat this great
experiment, then they must gather together the
counselors of the world and do something
better.
"If there -is a better scheme, I. for one will
subscribe to it: but I want to' say now. as 1
said the other night, that it is a case of put
•up or shut up. Negation will not save the
world. Opposition constructs nothing. Opposi-
tion is the specialty of those who are bolshe-
vistically inclined.
"Again I assure you I am not comparing any
of my respected colleagues to bolshevists, but
I am merely pointing out that the bolshe-
vistic spirit lacks every element of constructive
opposition. They have destroyed everything
and they have proposed nothing.
"And while there is common abhorrence for
political bolshevism. I hope there will not be
any such thing grow up in our country as
international bolshevism, the bolshevism that
destroys the cpnstructive work of men who
have conscientiously striven to cement the
good feeling of the great peoples of the world.
"We have a problem ahead of us that ought
to interest us in this connection. We have
promised the people of the Philippine islands
that we will set them free. It has been one of
our perplexities how we should make them
safe after we set them free. Under this
arrangement they will be safe from the outset.
They will become members of the league of
nations and every great nation in the W9rld
will be obliged to respect and preserve against
external aggression from any quarter the terri-
torial integrity and political independence of
the Philippines."
MEANING OF REVOLUTION.
In an address delivered at the Coliseum in
Des Moines. Iowa, on the evening of Sept. 6,
President Wilson said:
"Men look you calmly in the face in America
and say they are for revolution, when that sort
of revolution means government by terror, gov-
ernment by force, not government by vote. It
is the negative of everything that is American,
but it is spreading, and will spread as long as
disorder continues, as long as the world is
kept waiting for the answer to the question,
'What kind of peace are we going to have?'
"What kind of guaranties are there to be
behind that peace, that that poison will not
constantly spread, more and more rapidly
spread, until it may even be that this beloved
land of ours will be distracted by it? That is
what is concerning me. my fellow countrymen.
I know the splendid steadiness of the Ameri-
can people, but. my fellow citizens, the whole
world needs that steadiness, and the American
people are the make-weight in the fortunes of
mankind.
"How long are we going to debate into which
school we will throw that magnificent equi-
poise that belongs to us? How long shall we
be kept waiting for the answer whether the
world may trust us or despise us? They
have looked to us for leadership; they have
looked to us for example; they have built
their peace upon the basis of our suggestion;
that great volume that contains the treaty of
peace is drawn along the specifications laid
down by the American government.
"And now the world stands amazed because
an authority in America hesitates whether it
will indorse an American document or not.
"Do you realize, my fellow citizens, that
all through the world the one central question
of civilization is what shall be the conditions
of labor? The profoundest unrest in Europe
is due to the doubt what shall be the condi-
tions of labor. And I need not tell you that
the unrest is spreading to America.
"In the midst of the document, in the midst
of the treaty oi peace, is a Magna Charta, a
great guaranty for labor and all labor shall
have the councils of the world devoted to the
discussion of its conditions and of its better-
ment, and labor all over the world is waiting-
as to whether America is going to take part
in these conferences or not.
"The confidence of the men who sat at
Paris wa.s such that they put it in the docu-
ment that the first meeting of the labor con-
ference under that part of the treaty should
take place in Washington upon the invitation
of the president of the United States.
"I am going to issue that invitation whether
we can attend the conference or not. But
think of the mortification, think of standing
by in Washington itself and seeing the world
take counsel upon the fundamental matter of
civilization without taking part. The thing: is
inconceivable, but it is true.
"The isolation of the United States is at
an end, not because we chose to go into the
politics of the world, but because of the sheer
genius of this people and the growth of our
power we have become a determining factor in
the history of mankind and, after you have
become a determining factor, you cannot re-
main isolated whether you want to or not.
"Isolation ended by the processes of history,
not by the processes of our independent choice.
And the processes of history merely fulfill the
prediction of the men who founded our repub-
lic."
ABOUT RESERVATIONS.
In a speech delivered in the Auditorium at
Omaha, Neb., on the morning of Sept. 8 Presi-
dent Wilson said:
'I did not come here this morning so much
to expound upon the treaty, as to talk about
these things we call reservations. A reserva-
tion is an assent with a 'but' to it. 'We agree,
but.' Now, I want to call your attention to
some of these buts. I will take them as far
as I can in the order in which they deal
with the clauses of the league itself.
"In the first article of the covenant it is
provided that a nation can withdraw from the
league on two years' notice, provided that, at
the time 9f this withdrawal— that is to say.
at the expiration of the two years — it has ful-
filled all its international obligations and all
its obligations under the covenant.
"But some of our friends are very uneasy
about that. They want to sit close to the
door and with their hand on the knob, and
they want to say: 'We are in this thing, but
we are in it with infinite timidity and we are
in it only because you overpersuaded us, and
wanted us to come in, but we are going to tit
here and try this door every once in a while
and see it isn't locked, and just as soon a* ve
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
707
see anything we don't like we are going to
scuttle.'
"Now. what is the trouble? I want you
to put this to every man you know who
makes this objection. What is he afraid of?
Is he afraid that when the United States
wishes to withdraw it will not have fulfilled
its international obligations? Is he willing
to bring that indictment against this beloved
country?
"My fellow citizens, we never did fail to
fulfill any obligations we have made. And
with God to guide and help us. we never will.
And I for one am not going to admit in any
connection the slightest doubt that if we
ever choose to withdraw we will then have
fulfilled our obligations.
"I have already adverted to their difficulties
under article X.. and will not return to those.
That difficulty is merely as I represented it
just now; they don't want to go in as part-
ners: they want to go in as late joiners, be-
cause they all admit that, in a war which
imperils the just arrangements of mankind,
America, the richest, freest people of the
world, must take sides with the cause. We
cannot live withput taking sides. We devoted
ourselves to justice and liberty when we were
born, and we are not going to get senile and
forget it.
"Are there any patriotic Americans that de-
sire the method changed? Do you want me
to ask the Germans if I may read the treaty
to them expressed in the words the United
States senate thinks it ought to have been
written in? Do you see. the reservations come
down to this, that they want to change the
language of the treaty without changing its
meaning, and let me say there are indications—
I am not judging from official dfspatches but
from the newspapers — that people are not in
as good a humor over in France now as they
were when I was there, and it is going to be
more difficult to get a new agreement from
now on than it was before, and after deal-
ing with some of those gentlemen I found that
they were as ingenious as any American in at-
taching unexpected meaning to plain words. I
don't want, therefore, having gone through the
mill on the existing language, to go through it
again on changed language.
"But I must not turn away from this great
subject without attention to the Shantung
clause, the provision with regard to the trans-
fer of certain German rights in the province
of Shantung, China, to Japan. I frankly said
to my Japanese colleagues at the conference —
therefore, I can without impropriety say it
here — that I was very deeply dissatisfied with
that part of the treaty.
"But, my fellow citizens. Japan agreed at
that very time and as part of the understand-
ing upon which these clauses were put into
the treaty that she would relinquish every
item of sovereignty that Germany had en-
joyed to China, and she would retain what
other nations have elsewhere in China, cer-
tain economic concessions with regard to the
railways and the mines, which she was to
operate upder a corporation and subject to the
laws of China.
"As I say, I wish she could have done more,
but suppose, as some have suggested, that we
dissent from that clause in the treaty. You
can't sign all of a treaty except one part, my
fellow citizens; it is like the president's veto;
he can't veto provisions of a bill ; he has arot
either to sign the bill or veto. We can't sign
the treaty with the Shantung provisipn out of
it, and if we could, what sort of service would
that be doing China?
"If I felt that I personally in any way stood
in the way of this settlement, I would be glad
to die that it might be consummated, because
I have a vision, my fellow citizens, that if
this thing should by some mishap not be
accomplished, there would arise from that
upon the fair name of this people a stain
which never could be effaced, which would be
intolerable to every lover of America, intol-
erable to every man who knew America ana
was ready with stout heart to uphold it."
PRO-GERMANISM REVIVES.
President Wilson, in a speech in the Audi-
torium at Sioux Falls, S. D., on the evening of
Sept. 8, said:
"Germany, through the mouth of her emper-
or, through her writers, and through every
action said : 'Here we stand ready to take care
of ourselves. We will not enter into any com-
bination. We are armed for self-defense and
we know that no nation can compete with us.'
"That appears to be the American program
in the eyes of some gentlemen, and I want to
tell you that in the last two weeks the pro-
German element has lifted its head again. It
says: 'I see a chance for Germany and America
to stay out and take care of themselves. Not
as partners or allies, perhaps, but we Ameri-
cans will play the same role as the Germans.'
"Under the old order that brought us through
agony and bloody sweat; that agony where the
W9rld seemed to be caught in the throes of &
crisis so great that we did not know whether
civilization would survive or not. And do not
believe too easily that it is safe now. There
were passions let loose on the field of the
world at war which have not grown quiet, and
which will not for a long time. And every
element of disorder is hoping that there will
be no staying hand from the council of nations
to hold the order of the world steady until we
can make final arrangements for justice and
"I sometimes think, when I wake up in the
night, of the wakeful nights that anxious
fathers, mothers and friends spent during the
weary years of the awful war, and I hear the
cry of mothers of the children, millions on
the other side and thousands on this side: 'In
God's name, give us security and peace!'
"America can stay out, but I want you to
witness that the peace of the world cannot be
established with the peace of the individual
nations. America is necessary to the peace of
the world; the peace and good will of the
world are necessary to America, but you dis-
appoint the world, center its suspicion upon
you, make it feel that you are filled with jeal-
ousy and selfishness.
"We are not thinking of money; we are
thinking of redeeming the reputation of Amer-
ica rather than to have all the money in the
world. I am not ready to die for money, and
neither are you, but you and I are ready to
die for America."
TO MINNESOTA LEGISLATORS.
Reaching St. Paul, Minn., early on the
morning of Sept. 9, President Wilson first
addressed members of the Minnesota legisla-
ture who were in special session. In the course
of his speech he said:
"Until the industrial world is put on. its
feet you cannot finally handle the question of
the cost of living, because the cost of living,
in the last analysis, depends upon the thing
we are always talking about but do not know
how to manage, the law of supply and demand.
"We have got to see that our own produc-
tion and our own methods of finance and our
own commerce are quickened in every way pos-
sible: and then we. sitting in legislatures like
this and in the congress of the United States,
have to see to it, if you will permit a vulgar
expression, that no one monkeys with the
machinerv.
"I understand that one of the excellent sug-
gestions that were mentioned by your governor
is that you look into the cold storage. There
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
are other kinds of storage besides cold storage.
There are other ways of covering- the reserve
stock of goods. You can manage by a contract
that isn't put on paper to see that goods are
doled out so as to bring the highest prices.
"We might as well sit up straight and look
facts in the face, gentlemen. The laboring
men of the world are not satisfied with their
relations with their employers.
"Of course I do not mean to say that there
is universal dissatisfaction, because there are
many instances of satisfaction, but I am now
speaking of the general relations between cap-
ital and labor. Everywhere there is dissatis-
faction, much more on the other side of the
water than on this side.
"One point I wish to make is that the
world is looking to America to set the stand-
ards with regard to the conditions of labor
or the relations between capital and labor,
and it is looking to us because we have been
more progressve in those matters.
"We have got to have a constructive pro-
gram with regard to labor and a method by
which we will relieve the strain of what you
can call the cost of living.
"I am not dogmatic about this matter. I
, can't presume that I know how it should be
done. I know the principle upon which it
should be done. The principle is that the
interest of capital and the interest of labor
are not different, but are the same.
"You can't any longer regard labor as a
-commodity. You have got to regard it as a
means of association, and when that is done
the production of the world is going to go
forward by leaps and bounds.
"Why is it that labor organizations seriously
limit the amount of work they have in hand
to do? It is because they are driving hard
.bargains. They don't feel that they are your
partners at all.
"And so long as labor and capital are antag-
onistic production is going to be at its mini-
mum. Just 59 soon as they are sympathetic
and co-operative it is going to abound, and
that will be one of the means of bringing
•down the cost of living,
"America, though we do n9t like to admit
it, has been very provincial in regard to the
world's business. When we had to engage in
banking transactions outside of the United
States we generally did it through English
banks or more often through German bankers:
and here all of a sudden we are called upon to
handle the bulk of international exchange. We
have to learn it and we have to learn it fast.
"We have got to have American instrumen-
talities in every part of the world. If you want
to trade you have to have somebody to trade
with.
"All the world problem and the great diffi-
culty just now is getting our minds adjusted
to the world. Some of the difficulties that are
being encountered about the treaty of the
league of nations are not so much prejudice,
but the thing which is so common and incon-
venient— just downright ignorance.
"Ignorance, I mean, of the state of the world
and America's relation to the state of the
world. We have got to play our part, and we
have got to play it either as board of directors
or as outside spectators. We can play it inside
or on the curb, and you know how incon-
venient it is to play it on the curb.
"The facts are marching upon us, and God
is marching with them. You cannot resist
them and you must either welcome them or
else subsequently and regretfully surrender."
In an address in the Kenwood armory. Min-
neapolis, on the afternoon of the 9th the pres-
ident said:
"Blood has been spilled in rivers and nations
have been destroyed and they made up their
minds that rather than have this happen again
if the governments cannot get together they
will destroy the governments.
"But. in the meantime, look at the things
that are happening. There isn't a day goes by
that my heart isn't heavy to think of the
things the people in Kussia are doing.
"They are without form, and without order,
and the danger is to the world. We must
absolutely look to it that in this country that
form of government of a minority of men
shall not be set up here and elsewhere.
"We have either got to be provincials or
statesmen. We have either got to be ostriches
or eagles. The ostrich is being overdone all
around. I see gentlemen bury their heads in
something and think that nobody sees that
they have submerged their thinking apparatus.
"That ia what I mean by being an ostrich.
"Now, what I mean by being an eagle— I
needn't describe it. I mean leaving the mista
lying close to the ground, getting upon strong
wings into those spaces where you can see all
the affairs of mankind, all the affairs of
America, seeing how the world appears."
MEDIATORS OP MANKIND. '
Returning to St. Paul in the evening- Presi-
dent Wilson spoke in the Auditorium. Among
other things he said:
"We are the predestined mediators of man-
kind.
"Really, then, when I hear gentlemen saying
we must keep out of this thing and take care
of ourselves. I ask where did we come from?
Is there nobody else in the world that we
care for?
"Is that what America is with her mixture
of blood? Why, my fellow citizens, that is a
fundamental misconception of what it is to be
an American. These gentlemen who try to keep
us out are doing a harm which they do not
realize.
"I want to testify to you here to-night, my
fellow countrymen, because I have the meana
of information, that since it has seemed to be
uncertain whether we are going to play this
part of leadership in the world, the old in-
trigues have started up in the country again.
"That hyphen which looked to us like a
snake, the hyphen between German and Amer-
ican, has reared its ugly head again. You hear
the hiss of its purpose, and what is that
purpose ?
"It is to keep America out of the concert of
nations in order that America and Germany,
being out of that concert, may some time in
their mistaken dream unite to dominate the
world, or at any rate the one to assist the
other in holding the nations of the world off
while its ambitions are realized.
"There is no conjecture about this, my fel-
low citizens. We know the former purposes
of German intrigue in this country, and they
are being revived. Why?
"We haven't reduced very materially the
number of German people. Germany remains
the great power of central Europe. She has
more than 60.000,000 people now. She had
nearly 70,000,000 before Poland and other
provinces were taken away. She has now
more than 60,000.000 people.
. "You cannot change the temper and expecta-
tions of a people by a five year war, particu-
larly by five years of war in which they are
not yet conscious of the wrong they did, or
the wrong way in which they did it, and they
are expecting the time of the revival of their
power and along with the revival of their
power go their extraordinary capacity, their
unparalleled education, their great capacity in
commerce, finance and manufacture."
TEN POINTS OF COVENANT.
While riding through North Dakota on Sept.
10 President Wilson framed a statement of
what he considered the ten essential points of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
709
the league of nations covenant. These were:
The destruction of autocratic power as an
instrument of international control by admit-
ting- only self-governing- nations to the leagrue.
The substitution of publicity, discussion, and
arbitration for war, using- the boycott rather
than arms.
Placing- the peace of the world under con-
stant international oversight in recog-nition of
the principle that the peace of the world is
the legitimate immediate interest of every state.
Disarmament.
The Iiberati9n of oppressed peoples.
The discontinuance of annexation and the
substitution of trusteeship, with responsibility
to the opinion of mankind.
The invalidation of all secret treaties.
The protection of all dependent peoples.
High standards of labor under international
sanction.
The international co-ordination of humane
reform and regulation.
MORE ABOUT ARTICLE 10.
Speaking- in the Auditorium at Bismarck,
N. D.. on Sept. 10, President Wilson said:
"Under article 10. every member of the
league undertakes to respect and preserve the
territorial integrity — to protect and preserve
against external aggressions and sustain the
political independence of the other members
of the league. So far so good.
"The second sentence provides that in case
ol necessity the council shall take such steps
as are necessary to carry out the obligations
of that conference — that is to say, what force
is necessary there. Now, the council cannot
rive that advice without a unanimous vote.
It can't give the advice without the affirma-
tive vote of the United States unless the
United States is a party to the controversy in
question.
"Let us see what that means. Do you think
that the United States is likely to seize some-
body else's territory? Do you think that the
United States is likely to disregard the first
sentence of the article? And if she is not
likely to begin an aggression of that sort, who
is likely to begin it against her?
"Is Mexico going to invade us and appropri-
ate Texas? Is Canada going to come down
with her 9.000.000 or 10,000,000 and over-
whelm the 100,000,000 in the United States?
Who is going to grab our territory? And
above all things else, who is going to propose,
who is going to entertain the idea after the
rest of the world has said no?
"But suppose that somebody does attempt to
grab our territory or we do attempt to grab
somebody else's territory, then the war is
ours anyhow, so what difference does it make
what advice the council gives?
"So that unless it is our war we can't be
dragged into a war without our own consent.
If that is not an open and shut security. I
don't know of any. And yet that is article
10."
CHAOS IN RUSSIA.
In the course of a speech in the fair grounds
auditorium at Billings, Mont., on the morning
of Sept. 11 President Wilson in referring to
the situation in Russia said:
"Everybody who has mixed with the Russian
people tells me they are among the most lov-
able people of the world, people who easily
trust you and accept you to be trustwortny as
they are. and yet this people are delivered into
the hands of an intolerable tyranny. It came
out of one tyranny to get into a worse.
"A little group of some thirty or forty men
are the masters of that people at present.
They chose themselves. They maintain their
power by the sword.
"Have you seen these symptoms of chaos
spread to other countries? If you had been
across the sea with me you would know the
dread in the mind of every thoughtful man in
Europe is that that distemper will spread to
their country. That poison is running through
the veins of the world. There are disciples of
Lenin in our own midst."
POL7CE STRIKES CONDEMNED.
The striking features of President Wilson's
speech to a great assemblage in the Audi-
torium at Helena. Mont., on the evening: of
Sept. 11 were his incidental references to the
Boston police- strike and the race riots in vari-
ous places. Concerning the former he said:
"I want to say this, that a strike of the
policemen of a great city, leaving that city at
the mercy of an army of thugs, is a crime
against civilization.
"In my judgment, the obligation of a police-
man is as sacred and direct as the obliga-
tion of a soldier. He is a public servant,
not a private employe, and the whole honor
and safety of the community are in his hands.
"He has no right to prefer any private ad-
vantage to the public safety.
"I hope that that lesson will be burned in
so that it will never ag-ain be forgotten, be-
cause the pride of America is that it can
exercise self-control.
"That is what a self -governing nation i>:
not merely a nation that elects people to do
its job for it. but a nation that can keep
its head, concert its purposes and find out
how those purposes can be executed."
ASHAMED OF RACE RIOTS.
Sounding a warning1 to radical agitators, the
president said:
"Radicals plotting to destroy this govern-
ment will themselves be destroyed.
"America is the place where you cannot
kill your government by killing- the men who
conduct it. The only way you can kill gov-
ernment in America is by making- the men
and women of America forget how to govern,
and nobody can do that. They sometimes
find the team a little difficult to drive, but
they sooner or later whip it into the harness.
"I hope you won't think it inappropriate if
I stop here to express my shame as an Amer-
ican citizen at the race riots that have oc-
curred at some places in this country, where
men have forgotten humanity and justice and
orderly society and have run amuck. That
constitutes a man not only the enemy of so-
ciety but his own enemy and the enemy ol
justice."
POWER NOT TAKEN FROM CONGRESS.
On Sept. 12 President Wilson made two
addresses, the first in the forenoon at Cceur
d'Alene. Idaho, and the second in the evening-
at Spokane. Wash. In the Idaho meet-
ing the president again referred to the desire
of the pro-Germans to have the United States
keep out of the league of nations. "Evidence
abounds," he said, "that pro-German propa-
ganda started coincident with the opposition
to the adoption of the treaty." In his speech
at Spokane President Wilson said :
"rhere is one part of the covenant, where
it speaks of arbitration, and where it provides
that any member state failing- to keep these
covenants — these particular covenants — shall be
regarded as having committed an act of war
against the other members. The way it origi-
nally read was 'Shall thereby ipso facto be
deemed at war with the other nations,' and I
said, 'No. I cannot agree to that. That pro-
vision would put the United States at war
without the consent of the congress of the
United States. And I have no right to con-
sent to a provision which would deprive the
congress of the United States of its free
choice, whether it makes war or not.'
"At every point in the covenant where it
was necessary to do so I insisted upon Ian-
710
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Knage which would leave the congress of the
United States free.
"I leave the verdict with you and I bee.
my fellow citizens, my republican fellow citi-
zens, that you will not allow yourselves for
one moment, as I do not allow myself for one
moment, as God knows my conscience, to
think of 1920 when thinking1 about the re-
demption of the world.
"My present point is to dissociate the league
of nations from the present speaker. I did
not originate it. it is not my handiwork; it
has originated out of the consciences and
thought of men who wanted justice and peace
for generations.
"I admit the distinguished history of the
republican party. I do admit that it has
been the creator of great constructive policies,
and I should be very sorry to see it lose the
prestige which it has earned. I should be
very sorry to have any man feel that there
was any embarrassment in supporting a great
•world policy because he belonged to a great
constructive party and that party an Amer-
ican party; a party of that people which has
done the most advanced thinking in the world
and that people which. God helping- it, will
lead and save the world."
COST OF THE WAR.
On the morning1 of Sept. 13 the president
made two addresses in Tacoma. Wash., one to
30.000 persons in the Tacoma stadium and
the other to 5.000 persons in the Tacoma
armory. In the afternoon he reviewed the
Pacific fleet in Elliott bay and in the evening
after a public dinner at the Hippodrome spoke
at the Arena. The speeches were in the
main along the lines of those delivered in
other places. In his speech in the Tacoma
armory he spoke of the cost of the war in
lives and money.
"In order to let you remember what the
big thing cost," he said, "just let me read
to you a few figures*. If I did not have
them on official authority I would deem them
incredible. Here is what the war cost those
•who were engaged against Germany:
"Great Britain and her dominions. $38.000,-
000.000: France. $26.000.000.000; the United
States. $22. 000. 000. 000: Russia. $18.000,000.-
000: Italy. $13.000.000.000, and the total, in-
cluding Belgium. Japan and other smaller
countries. $123.000,000.000.
"It cost the central powers. Germany, $39,-
000.000,000; Austria-Hungary. $21,000.000,-
000: Turkey and Bulgaria, $3,000.000.000. a
total of $63,000.000.000. a grand total of
direct war cost of $186.000.000,000, an in-
credible sum to save civilization.
"Now the question is. Are we going to
keep safe? The expenditures of the United
States were at the rate of $1.000.000 an hour
for two years— $1,000.000 an hour, including
the night time, for two years.
"Battle deaths— and this is the cost that
touches our hearts — were Russia, 1,700.000:
Germany, 1,600.000; France, 1.385.000; Great
Britain, 900.000: Austria, 800.000: Italy.
364.000: the United States. 50.300: total for
all belligerents of 7.450,200 men dead on the
field of battle.
'The total wounded for the United States
army was 230.000, including those, of course,
who were killed.
"The total of all battle deaths in all wars
of the world from the year 1793 to 1914
were something under six millions. So that
in all the wars of the world for more than
one hundred years fewer men died than have
been killed on the field of battle in the last
five years. These are terrible facts and we
ought never to forget them."
NEW WORLD PARTNERSHIP.
After a day of rest in Seattle President Wil-
son continued on his journey to Portland, Ofe..
where he made two addresses Sept. 15, one to
several hundred business men at a luncheon
and the other to a large gathering at the
Auditorium. At the luncheon he said:
"If you are going to put into the world
this germ, I shall call it. of American enter-
prise and American faith and American vision,
then you must be the principal partners in
the new partnership which the world is form-
ing. I take leave to say. without intending
the least disrespect to anybody, that con-
sciously or unconsciously a man who opposes
that proposition either has no imagination or
no knowledge or is a quitter. America has
put her hand to this great enterprise already
in the men she sent overseas, and their port
was the negative part merely."
REPLIES TO LABOR COUNCIL.
Sept. 16 and the night of Sept. 16 wora
spent by the president in traveling to San
Francisco. In the course of the journey he
prepared a statement containing his replies
to a series of questions propounded to him
by the San Francisco labor council. The
statement follows:
1. Under the covenant does the nation obli-
gate itself to assist any member of the league
in putting down a rebellion of its subjects
or conquered peoples?
Answer— It does not.
2. Under the covenant, can this nation in-
dependently recognize a government whose
people seek to achieve, or have achieved,
their independence from a member of the
league?
Answer— The independent action of the g-ov-
ernment of the United States in a matter of
this kind is in no way limited or affected by
the covenant of the league of nations.
3. Under the covenant are only those sub-
ject nations or peoples that- are mentioned in
the peace treaty entitled to the right of self-
determination, or does the league possess the
right to accord a similar privilege to other
subject nations or peoples?
Answer — It was not possible for the peace
conference to act with regard to the self-
determination of any territories except those
which had belonged to the defeated empires,
but in the covenant of the league of nations
it has set up for the first time, in article 11,
a forum to which all claims of self-determina-
tion which are likely to disturb the peace
of the world or the good understanding be-
tween nations upon which the peace of the
world depends can be brought.
4. Why was the case of Ireland not heard
at the reace conference? And what is your
position on the subject of self-determination
for Ireland?
Answer — The case of Ireland was not heard
at the peace conference because the peace
conference had no jurisdiction over any ques-
tion of that sort which did not affect terri-
tories which belonged to the defeated empires.
My position on the subject of self-determina-
tion for Ireland is expressed in article 11 of
the covenant, in which I may say I was par-
ticularly interested, because it seemed to me
necessary for the peace and freedom of the
world that a forum should be created to
which all peoples could bring any matter
which was likely to affect the peace and free-
dom of the world.
EXPLANATORY REPLIES.
In San Francisco President Wilson made two
speeches on the 17th, one at noonday and
the other in the evening in the civic audi-
torium. The ground covered was practically
the same as in his previous addresses, article
10 and the Shantung question receiving- partio-
ular attention. On the 18th he spoke at
a luncheon given by San Francisco businea*
organizations and in the evening he addresse*!
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
711
a large gathering in Oakland. Previous to the
first meeting he issued a statement giving a
list of questions asked by a San Francisco
league of nations organization and his replies.
Following is the statement:
1 Will you state the underlying considera-
tion which dictated an awarding of six voltes
to the British empire in the assembly, and is
it true that Great Britain will outvote us m
the league of nations and thereby control the
league actions?
Answer— The consideration which led to as-
signing six votes to self-governing portions of
the British empire was that they have in
effect in all but foreign policies become auton-
omous self-governing states, their policy in
all but foreign affairs being independent of
the control of the British government and ir
many respects dissimilar from it. But it is not
true that the British empire can outvote us
in the league of nations and therefore control
the action of the league, because in every
matter except admission of new members in
the league, no action can be taken without
the concurrence of a unanimous vote of the
representatives of the states which are mem-
bers of the council, so that in all matters ol
action the affirmative vote of the United
States is necessary and equivalent to the
united vote of the representatives of the sev-
eral parts of the British empire. The united
votes of the several parts of the British em-
pire cannot offset or overcome the vote of the
2*. Is it true that under the league of na-
tions foreign countries can order the send-
ing of American troops to foreign countries?
Answer— It is not. The right of cpngress
to determine such matters is in no wise im-
effect will the league of nations
have in either forwarding or hindering the
final restoration of Shantung to China? What
effect will the league of nations have in pre-
venting further spoliation of China and the
abrogation of all such special privileges now
enjoyed in China by foreign countries?
Answer— The league of nations will have a
powerful effect in forwarding the final resto-
ration of Shantung to China, and no .other
instrumentality or action can be substituted
which could bring that result about The
authority of the league will, under article 10,
be constantly directed toward safeguarding the
territorial integrity and political independence
of China. It will, therefore, absolutely pre-
vent the further spoliation of China, promote
the restoration to China of the several privi-
leges now long enjoyed by foreign countries,
and assure China of the completion of the
process by which Shantung will presently be
returned to it in full sovereignty. In the past
there has been no tribunal which could be
resorted to for any of these purposes.
4. Is there anything in the league of na-
tions covenant or the peace treaty which di-
rectly or indirectly in any manner imposes
on the United States any obligation, moral
or otherwise, of the slightest character to
support England in any way in case of revolt
in Ireland?
Answer— There is not. The only gruaranty
contained in the covenant is against external
aggression, and those who framed the cove-
nant were scrupulously careful in no way to
interfere with what they regarded a8 the Ba-
cred rig-hts of self-determination.
6. What effect, if any. will the leagnie of
nations covenant have in either hindering or
furthering the cause of Irish freedom?
Answer — It was not possible for the peace
conference to act with regard to the self-
determination of any territories except those
which had belonged to the defeated empires,
but in the covenant of the league of nations
it has set up for the first time in article 11
a forum to which all claims of self-determi-
nation which are likely to disturb the peace
of the world or the good understanding be-
tween nations upon which the peace of the
world depends can be brought.
FREEDOM OF THE SEAS.
On Sept. 19 President Wilson made two ad-
dresses in San Diego. Cal., one in the after-
noon to 50.000 persons in an open air stadium
and one at a dinner in the evening. In the
latter speech he told why it was not consid-
ered necessary to define the freedom of the
seas at the Paris peace conference, declaring
that one of the reasons why America went to
war was for the freedom of the seas and under
the league of nations it became unnecessary to
define the term. It was accepted, he said,
that the doctrine was for the protection of
neutrals while other nations were at war.
Los Angeles. Cal.. was reached on the 20 tb
and here as elsewhere the president was
enthusiastically received. In a speech to an
assemblage of 7,000 persons in the Audi-
torium he said: 'The league of nations must
and will become the bulwark of a war weary-
world for all time. This was a people's war
and this treaty establishes a people's peace."
In Sacramento. Cal.. where the special train
stopped for half an hour on the afternoon of
Sept. 22, the president spoke briefly to a
gathering of 12.000 persons near the railroad
station. "Without this treaty of peace," ha
said, "without the covenant of the league of
nations which it contains, we simply sink
back into that slough of despond in which
mankind was before this war began."
On the evening of the 22d the president
spoke in Reno, Nev., and on the 23d in
Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah. In the latter
city he spoke to 12.000 persons gathered in
the Mormon tabernacle. Here he announced
that he could say. without any hesitation,
that the overwhelming majority of the people
wanted the league of nations. "I think it is
the judgment of the people." he said, "that
neither the covenant nor the treaty should be
amended."
In Cheyenne. Wyo.. where President Wilson
spoke on the 24th. he warned the reserva-
tionist senators in Washington and their sup-
porters that the adoption of the reservations
to article 10 meant that he. as the executive
of the United States, would have to regard it
as a rejection of the entire treaty and
that it meant the negotiation of a separate
peace with Germany. Speaking of the British
six votes to the one of America he reiterated
the explanation that the league could not take
any action without America's affirmative vote.
He said further that he was ready to main-
tain the position that it was just to give the
British empire these votes and that he was
willing that the British commonwealths should
all have speaking parts in the league. The
New Zealanders. Australians and Canadians,
he said, were our natural partners and would
takes sides with us oftener than with England
in league matters.
President Wilson spoke in Denver. Col., on
the morning of the 25th and in Pueblo. Col.,
in the evening. In both addresses he argued
against reservations to the treaty, asserting-
that they meant asking sp^cisl exemption or
privileges for the United States. He said in
Denver, where he epoke to 15.000 persons in
the Auditorium: "I challenge the opponents
of this treaty to show cause where there
should be any hesitation in ratifying it. I
do understand delays. I do not understand
covert processes of opposition. It is time
that we know where we shall stand, for ob-
serve, my fellow citizens, the negotiation of
treaties rests with the executive of the United
States. When the senate has acted it will be
712
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
for me to determine whether its action consti-
tutes an adoption or rejection, and I beg the
rentlemen who are responsible for the action
of the United States senate to make it per-
fectly clear whether it is an adoption or a
According to the schedule the president was
tc have made addresses at Wichita. Kas.. and
Oklahoma City. Okla.. on the 26th. at Little
Bock Ark. and Memphis, Tenn.. on the 27th
and at Louisville. Ky., on the 28th. but illness
resulting: from physical exhaustion compelled
liim to abandon his tour at Wichita and pro-
ceed directly to Washington, where he arrived
Sept. 28.
SENATE MAJORITY REPORT.
As already noted, the senate committee on
foreign relations reported the treaty back to
Oopjright, t±un»* - •-*. Copjnght, ..arrU a L.^.
HENEY C. LODGE. G. M. HITCHCOCK.
the senate Sept. 10 with a large number of
amendments and four reservations. There were
in fact three reports — one by the majority, one
by the minority and one by Senator Porter
J McCumber of North Dakota. The majority
report, after a \oag explanation of the de-
lay in taking action and an expression of re-
sentment at the demand for speed, declared:
"In reporting the treaty to the senate for
action the committee proposes certain amend-
ments to the text of the treaty and certain
reservations to be attached to the resolution
of ratification and made a part of that reso-
lution when it is offered.
"In regard to the amendments generally it
should be stated at the outset that nothing
is more groundless than the sedulously cul-
tivated and constantly expressed fear that
textual amendments would require a summon-
ing of the peace conference and thereby cause
great delay. There will be no necessity of
summoning the peace conference, because i1
is in session now in Paris, with delegates
fully representing all the signatory nations.
as it has been for six months, and it seems
likely to be in session for six months more.
Textual amendments, if made by the senate,
can be considered in Paris at once, and the
conference would be at least as usefully em-
ployed in that consideration as it now is
in dividing and sharing sputheastern Europe
and Asia Minor, in handing the Greeks of
Thrace over to our enemy, Bulgaria, and in
trying to force upon the United States the
control of Armenia. Anatolia and Constanti-
nople through the medium of a large Amer-
ican army. Still more unimportant is the
bug-bear which has been put forward of the
enormous difficulties which will be incurred
in securing the adhesion of Germany. No
great amount of time need be consumed in
bringing German representatives to Paris. The
journey is within the power of a mpderate
amount of human endurance, and it is also
to be remembered that Germany is not a
member of the league and need not be con-
sulted in regard to the terms of the covenant.
When Germany enters the league she will take
it as she finds it.
Amendments.
"The first amendment offered by the com-
mittee relates to the league. It is proposed
so to amend the text as to secure for the
United States a vote in the assembly of the
league equal to that of any other power.
Great Britain now has under the name of
the British empire one vote in the council
of the league. She has four additional votes
in the assembly of the league for her self-
governing dominions and colonies, which are
most properly members of the lea^aie and
signatories to the treaty. She also has the
vote of India, which is neither a self-govern-
ing dominion nor a colony but -rerely a part
of the empire and which apparently was sim-
ply put in as a signatory and member of the
league by the peace conference because Great
Britain desired it. Great Britain also will
control the votes of the kingdom of Hedjaz and
of Persia. With these last two. of course, we
have nothing to do. But if Great Britain has
six votes in the league assembly no reason has
occurred to the committee and no argument
has been made to show why the United States
should not have an equal number. If other
countries like the present arrangement, that is
not our affair: but the committee failed to see
why the United States should have but one
vote in the assembly of the league when, the
British empire has six.
"Amendments 39 to 44. inclusive, transfer
to China the German lease and rights, if they
exist, in the Chinese province of Shantung,
which are given by the treaty to Japan. The
majority of the committee were not willing: to
have their votes recorded at any stage in
the proceedings in favor of the consummation
of what they consider a great wrong. They
cannot assent to taking the property of a
faithful ally and handing it over to another
ally in fulfillment of a bargain made by other
powers in a secret treaty. It is a record
which they are not willing to present to their
fellow citizens or leave behind them for the
contemplation of their children.
"Amendment No. 2 is simply to provide that
where a member of the league has self-gov-
erning dominions and colonies which are also
members of the league the exclusion of the
disputants under the league rules shall cover
the aggregate vote of the member of the
league and its self-governing dominions and
parts of empire combined if any one of them
is involved in the controversy.
"The remaining amendments, with a single
exception, may be treated as one, for the pur-
pose of all alike is to relieve the United States
from having representatives on the commis-
sions established by the league which deal
with questions in which the United States has
and can have no interest and in which the
United States has evidently been inserted by
design. The exception is amendment No. 45.
which provides that the United States shall
have a member of the reparation commission,
but that such commissioner of the United
States cannot, except in the case of shipping,
where the interests of the United States are
directly involved, deal with or vote upon any
other questions before that commission except
under instructions from the government of the
United States.
Reservations.
"The committee proposes four reservations
to be made a part of the resolution of ratifi-
cation when it is offered. The committee re-
serves, of course, the right to pffer other res-
ervations if it shall so determine. The four
reservations now presented are as follows:
" '1. The United States reserves to itself
the unconditional right to withdraw from
the league of nations upon the notice provided
in article 1 of said treaty of peace with Ger-
many.'
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
713
"The provision in -the league covenant for
withdrawal declares that any member may
withdraw provided it has fulfilled all its in-
ternational obligations and all its obligations
under the covenant. There has been much
dispute as to who would decide if the question
of the fulfillment of obligations was raised,
and it is very generally thought that this ques-
tion would be settled by the council of the
league of nations. The best that can be said
about it is that the question of decision is
clouded with doub,t. On such a point as this
there must be no doubt. The United States,
which has never broken an international obli-
gation, cannot permit all its existing treaties
to be reviewed and its conduct and honor ques-
tioned by other nations. The same may be
said in regard to the fulfillment of the obli-
gations to the league. It must be made per-
fectly clear that the United States alone is to
determine as to the fulfillment of its obliga-
tions, and its right of withdrawal must there-
fore be unconditional, as provided in the res-
ervation.
" '2. The United States declines to assume,
tinder the provisions of article 10 or under
any other article, any obligation to preserve
the territorial integrity or political independ-
ence of any other country, or to interfere in
controversies between other nations, members
of the league or not. or'to employ the military
or naval forces of the United States in such
controversies, or to adopt economic measures
lor the protection of any other country,
whether a member of the league or not.
against external aggression or for the purpose
of coercing any other country, or for the pur-
pose of intervention in the internal conflicts
or other controversies which may arise in any
other country, and no mandate shall be ac-
cepted by the United States under article 22,
Part I., of the treaty of peace with Germany,
except by action of the congress of the United
States.'
"This reservation is intended to meet the
most vital objection to the league covenant
as it stands. Under no circumstances must
there be any legal or moral obligation upon
the United States to enter into war or to send
its army and navy abroad or without the un-
fettered action of congress to impose economic
boycotts on other countries. Under the con-
stitution of the United States the congress
alone has the power to declare war, and all
bills to raise revenue or affecting the revenue
in any way must originate in the house of rep-
resentatives, be passed by the senate, and re-
ceive the signature of the president. These
constitutional rights of congress must not be
impaired by any agreements such as are pre-
sented in this treaty, nor can any opportunity
of charging the United States with bad faith
be permitted. No American soldiers or sailors
must be sent to fight in other lands at the
bidding- of the league of nations. American
lives must not be sacrificed except by the will
and command of the American people acting
through their constitutional representatives in
congress.
"This reservation also covers the subject of
mandates. According to the provisions of the
covenant of the league, the acceptance of a
mandate by any member is voluntary, but as
to who shall have authority to refuse or to
accept a mandate for any country the covenant
of the leag-ue is silent. The decision as to
accepting a mandate must rest exclusively
within the control of the congress of the
United States as the reservation provides and
must not be delegated, even by inference, to
any personal agent or to any delegate or com-
missioner.
" '3. The United States reserves to itself ex-
clusively the right to decide what questions
are within its domestic jurisdiction and de-
clares that all domestic and political questions
relating to its affairs, including: immigration,
coastwise traffic, the tariff, commerce and all
other domestic questions, are solely within the
jurisdiction of the United States and are not
under this treaty submitted in any way either
to arbitration or to the consideration of the
council or of the assembly of the league of
nations, or to the decision or recommenda-
tion of any other power.'
"This reservation speaks for itself. It is
not necessary to follow out here all tortuous
windings which to those who have followed
them through the labyrinth disclose the fact
that the league under certain conditions will
have power to pass upon and decide question*
of immigration and tariff, as well as the others
mentioned in the reservation. It is believed
by the committee that this reservation relieves
the United States from any dangers or any
obligations in this direction.
"The fourth and last reservation is as
follows:
" '4. The United States declines to submit
for arbitration or inquiry by the assembly or
the council of the league of nations provided
for in said treaty of peace any questions
which in the judgment of the United State*
depend upon or relate to its long-established
policy, commonly known as the Monroe doc-
trine; said doctrine is to be interpreted by
the United States alone, and is hereby declared
to be wholly outside the jurisdiction of said
league of nations and entirely unaffected by
any provision contained in the said treaty
of peace with Germany.'
"The purpose of this reservation is clear.
It is intended to preserve the Monroe doctrine
from any interference or interpretation by
foreign powers. As the Monroe doctrine has
protected the United States, so. it is believed
by the committee, will this reservation pro-
tect the Monroe doctrine from the destruc-
tion with which it is threatened by article 21
in the covenant of the league, and leave
it, where it has always been, within the sole
and complete control of the United States.
"This covenant of the league of nations is
an alliance and not a league, as is amply
shown by the provisions of the treaty with
Germany which vests all essential power in
five great nations. Those same nations, the
principal allied and associated powers, also
dominate the league through the council
"The committee believe that the league as
it stands will breed wars instead of securing-
peace. They also believe that the covenant of
the league demands sacrifices of American in-
dependence and sovereignty which would in
no way promote the world's peace but which
are fraught with the gravest dangers to the
future safety and well-being of the United
States."
The report concluded with some additional
arguments along the same line. It was signed
by Henry Cabot Lodge, William E. Borah.
Frank B. Brandegee, Albert B. Fall, Philander
C. Knox, Warren G. Harding, Hiram Johnson.
Harry S. New and George H. Moses, all repub-
licans.
SENATE MINORITY REPORT.
The minority report of the committee was
presented to the senate Sept. 11 by Senator
Gilbert M. Hitchcock, the ranking minority
member and chief spokesman for the treaty.
The report was as follows:
"The undersigned members of the foreign
relations committee unite in urging the early
ratification of the pending treaty of peace
without amendments and without reserva-
tions.
"We deplore the long and unnecessary de-
lay to which the treaty has been subjected
while locked up in the committee, whose ma-
jority decisions and recommendations were
714
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
from the start a foregone conclusion. They
could have been made in July as well as in
September and would have been the same.
"The industrial world is in ferment, the
financial world in doubt, and commerce halts
while this great delay in the peace settlement
has been caused by the majority of a com-
mittee known to be out of harmony with the
majority of the senate and the majority of
the people. This is government by obstruc-
tion as well as by a minority.
"Our export trade already shows the unde-
niable effects of delay and doubt in treaty
ratification and peace settlement. For the
first seven months following- the armistice our
exports averaged almost Seven hundred millions
per month, but in July they fell to $570,000,-
000. Europe undoubtedly wants our products,
but can only take them in full quantity if
our financial institutions provide the credit to
bridge over the period necessary to restore
European industry to productiveness. This
private credit cannot and will not be fur-
nished as long: as the peace settlement is in
doubt. Public credit has heretofore carried
this great balance of trade. Since the armi-
stice was signed our grovernment has advanced
to European grovernments nearly $2,500,000,-
000, which was almost enough to cover the
balance of trade during: the eight months'
period.
"Our government, however, has about
reached the end of its authority given by con-
gress and will advance but little more. From
now on, if we are to keep our commerce with
Europe, private enterprise must furnish the
credit to cover the trade balance till European
industries get started and are able to pay
us with their goods. Peace settlement delays
and doubts paralyze this revival. If uncer-
tainty continues, depression is inevitable.
"The claim by the majority of this com-
mittee on page 3 of its report that we have
exported over $11,000,000 worth of goods
to Germany since the armistice and without
a peace settlement is no doubt true. To
other countries during the same period we
exported over $5,000,000,000 worth. What
was exported to Germany as stated by the
majority report was practically nothing. It
is only 14 cents' worth of American products
for each person in Germany in seven months,
or 2 cents per person per month, yet the ma-
jority report boasts of it as evidence of trade
revival, in spite of treaty delay. The same
statesmen gravely assure us that their figures
prove that it is a mere delusion to say we
cannot trade with Germany till a peace
settlement is made. Two cents per month
per capita is hardly trading with Germany.
"Referring to the action of the majority
of the committee, we unite in opposing and
condemning the recommendations both as to
textual amendments and as to proposed reser-
vations. As far as the proposed textual amend-
ments are concerned, we see no reason to
discuss their character at length. In our
opinion they have no merit, but whether they
be good, bad or indifferent their adoption
by the senate can have no possible effect ex-
cept to defeat the participation of the United
States in the treaty. None of them could by
any possibility be accepted even by the great
nations associated with the United States in
the war, and none of them could by any
possibility be dictated to Germany. To adopt
any one of them, therefore, is equivalent
to rejecting the treaty.
"The suggestion on page 4 of the major-
ity report that the peace conference is Btill
in session in Paris and could consider any
textual amendments to the treaty made by
the senate, and that German representatives
could be brought to Paris for that purpose,
indicates a total misconception of the situa-
tion. The peace conference has acted finally
upon this treaty. Great Britain has ratified
it, France is about to do so, and with the
action of one other power it will in all hu-
man probability be in actual operation even
before the senate of the United States reaches
a decision. Moreover, the peace conference
possesses no further power to 'bring German
representatives to Paris.' The power of com-
pulsion has been exhausted. Germany was
told where to sign and when to sign and
when to ratify, and Germany has closed the
chapter by signing and by ratifying. Germany
cannot be compelled to do anything more
or different with regard to this treaty by
being confronted with an amended treaty,
whether once a month, day or week. There
must be finality to ultimata in a treaty by
compulsion. If an amended treaty is not
signed by Germany, then it is in none of its
parts binding on her.
"To adopt an amendment or to reject the
treaty means that the United States will sac-
rifice all of the concessions secured from Ger-
many by a dictated peace. While these con-
cessions are not so large as those which other
nations associated with us secure in repara-
tions, they are nevertheless of tremendous
importance and could only be secured under a
dictated peace. Among the concessions which
the United States would sacrifice by the adop-
tion of any amendment or the rejection of
the treaty may be included the following:
"First. Germany's acknowledgement of re-
sponsibility for the war and her promise to
make restitution for damages resulting1 from
it.
"Second. Germany's promise to us in the
treaty thr* she will not impose higher or
other customs duties or charges on our goods
than those charged to the r ost favored na-
tipn and will not prohibit or restrict or dis-
criminate against imports directly or indirectly
from our country.
"Third. Germany's promise to us in the
treaty that she will make no discrimination in
German ports on shipping bearing our flag
and that our shipping in German ports will
be given as favorable treatment as German
ships receive.
"Fourth That for six months after the
treaty goes into effect no customs duty will
be levied against imports from the United
States except the lowest duties that were in
force for the first six months of 1914.
"Fifth. Germany's agreement with us that
the United States shall have the privilege of
reviving such of the treaties with Germany
as were in existence prior to the war as we
may alone desire.
"Sixth. Germany's promise to us to restore
the property of our citizens seized in Ger-
many or to compensate the owners.
"Seventh. Germany's very important agree-
ment validating all acts by the United States
and by the alien property custodian by
which we seized and proceeded to liquidate
$800.000.000 worth of property in the United
States belonging- to German citizens.
"Eighth. Germany's agreement that the
proceeds of the sale of these properties may
be used to compensate our citizens in Ger-
many if Germany fails to do so, or to pay
debts which Germany or Germans owe to
American citizens, or to pay American pre-
war claims against Germany for property de-
stroyed and lives taken similar to1 the losses
because of the destruction of the Lusitania.
"Ninth. Germany's agreement that she will
compensate her own citizens for property,
patents and other things belonging to them
in the United States seized during the war
by our government
"Tenth. Germany's agreement that no claim
can be made against the United States in re-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
715
spect to the use or sale during- the war by
our government, or by persons acting- for our
g-overnment, of any rig-hts in industrial, lit-
erary or artistic property, including- patents.
"Eleventh. Germany's agreement that the
United States shall retain over 500.000* tons
of German shipping- seized in American ports,
which much more than compensate us for
shipping- lost during- the war.
"Twelfth. We would lose our membership
on the reparations commission, which will be
the most powerful international body ever cre-
ated and which will have enormous control
over the trade and commerce of Germany with
the rest of the world for years to come. It
not only supervises the use of German eco-
nomic resources and the payment of repara-
tions, but it can restrict or expand Germany's
imports and distribute much of her desirable
exports, including- dyes. In no way can the
United States assure itself against discrimi-
nation in German imports and financial policies
unless we have a member upon this great re-
parations commission.
"These are some, but by no means all, of
the valuable concessions which the United
States would inevitably sacrifice by failing; to
ratify the treaty. This failure would be just
as complete if we adopt an amendment to it
as if we rejected the treaty absolutely. In
either event, we would find ourselves at the
end of the war, it is true, but without any
peace or terms of peace with Germany We
would have abandoned our disgusted associates
and we would be reduced to the necessity of
seeking a negotiated peace with an angry Ger-
many on such terms as she would be willing
to accord.
"We are, therefore, without any qualification
against amendments.
"We are aware that the claim has been set
up that one of the proposed amendments
which relates only to the leag-ue of nations
does not require the assent of Germany. This
is based on the fact that Germany is not yet
a member of the league of nations and may
not be for several years. The answer is, how-
ever, that the league covenant is a part of
the treaty, and the league which is mentioned
in many places in the treaty has much to do
with German affairs, even though Germany is
not a member. Germany, in agreeing to the
treaty, has assented to the provisions of the
covenant, and one of the provisions is that if
can only be amended by the action of the
league, which has not yet started, ratified
by all the members of the council, which has
not yet organized, as well as by a majority of
the members of the assembly. It is obvious,
therefore, if it is to be amended in any other
way. Germany's assent will be just as nec-
essary as to any other article of the treaty.
Reservations.
"The reservations proposed by the majority
of this committee are of such a character
as at once to betray their authorship. They
are the work of senators organized for the
purpose of destroying- the league and. if pos-
sible, defeating this treaty. Their phraseology
is such as to make this purpose plain They
are in no sense interpretative reservations to
be used to make clear langruas-e in the treaty
that might be considered doubtful, but they
are so framed as to receive the support of
senators who desire the defeat of the treaty.
While masquerading in the guise of reserva-
tions they are in fact alterations of the treaty.
They have all the vic^s of amendments and
the additional vice of pretending to be what
they are not. Presented as parts of the reso-
lution to ratify the treaty, they would in fact,
if adopted, result in its defeat. All of them
apply to the league of nations section of the
treaty. Those who oppose the league of
nations realize that it is invincible on a
square fight and they hope to destroy it by this
indirection.
"The league of nations has stood the test
of worldwide criticism and unlimited attack.
It stands to-day as the, only hope for world
peace. After all the assaults of many months
its purposes and provisions stand out clearly
defined, unaffected by criticism and unyielding
to attack. x
The League of Natipns.
"The league of nations proposes to organize
the nations of the world for peace whereas
they have always heretofore been organized
for war. It proposes to establish the rule
of international justice in place of force. It
proposes to make a war of conquest impossi-
ble by uniting all nations against the offender.
"It is the first international arrangement
ever made by which small and weak nations
are given the organized strength of the world
for protection.
"It is a covenant between many nations by
which each agrees not to do certain things
which in the past have produced wars and to
do many things which have been found to
preserve the peace,
"It is a working plan for the gradual re-
duction of armament by all members simul-
taneously in proper proportion and by agree-
ment.
"It sets up arbitration as a friendly method
of adjusting disputes and inquiry when arbi-
tration is not agreed to. In both cases it
provides a cooling-off period of nine months
during which the differences may be adjusted.
"It preserves the territorial integrity and
political independence of each member and
leaves to each the exercise of its sovereign
rights as a nation.
"It will save the world from wars and prep-
aration for wars. It will reduce armies and
navies and taxes.
"It will help to remove the discontent with
government in all countries by making gov-
ernment beneficent and devoting its revenues
to constructive rather than to destructive
purposes.
"It is the only plan proposed fo redeem
the world from war, pestilence and famine.
The only one by which a stricken world can
be redeemed from the disasters of the late
war and the dangers of impending interna-
tional chaos. Those who dally and delay as
they seek with microscopes to find some petty
flaw in its structure have nothing themselves
to propose. They have appealed to every
prejudice and resorted to every desperate
method of attack to destroy this great inter-
national effort to establish peace, but they
suggest nothing in its place.
"They denounce the public demand for ener-
getic action as 'clamor.' They rail at the
president, who with the representatives of
many other nations has devoted months of
hard work to a great constructive effort to
settle the terms and reorganize the world for
peace. Finally, unable to stem the tide of
public demand for the league of nations, they
resort to so-called reservations in the hope
that they can destroy by indirection what
they have found unassailable by direct attack.
"We renew our recommendation that the
work of the peace conference be confirmed,
the will of the people fulfilled, and the
peace of the world advanced by the ratifica-
tion of this treaty — 'the best hope of the
world' — even if like all human instrumentali-
ties it be not divinely perfect in every detail."
The minority rwort was sierned by Gilbert
M. Hitchcock. John Sharp Williams, Claude
A. Swanson. Atlee Pomerene. Marcus A. Smith
and Key Pittman. all democrats.
716
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
THE McCUMBER REPORT.
The report submitted by Porter J. McCum-
ber of North Dakota on Sept. 15 was in the
nature of a severe arraignment of the majority
report, which he characterized as betraying- a
selfish, immoral and .dishonorable attitude.
SENATE DEBATE.
The debate on the peace treaty, or rather
on the league of nations covenant, was lone
and at times acrimonious. The opponents and
advocates of the league were not divided
strictly on party lines but generally speak-
ing the republicans were against it and the
democrats were for it, though with the ex-
ception of certain irreconcilables in both par-
ties the sentiment of the majority of the
senators seemed to be in favor of ratifica-
tion with certain reservations or interpreta-
tions. The irreconcilables included such men
as Hiram W. Johnson of California, William
E. Borah of Idaho, Lawrence Y. Sherman of
Illinois, republicans, and James A. Reed of
Missouri, democrat. Among1 those who favored
the ratification of the treaty with "mild
reservations" were Arthur Capper of Kansas.
Albert B. Cummins of Iowa. Frank B. Kellogg
and Knute Nelson of Minnesota. Irvine L.
Lenroot of Wisconsin and Porter J. McCum-
ber of North Dakota.
AMENDMENTS REJECTED.
The first test of strength came on the thirty-
five textual amendments to the treaty offered
by Senator Fall, republican, of New Mexico
On Oct. 2 these were defeated by decisive ma-
jorities, seventeen republicans voting against
them. On Oct. 16 the Lodge amendments
changing- the Shantung- provisions of the
treaty were defeated by a vote of 35 for to
55 against. Some of the senators voting
against it announced that they were in favor
of reservations in regard to the Shantung mat-
ter but would not vote for any amendment
because that would involve seeding the treaty
back to the signatory powers. Fourteen re-
publicans voted against the amendments. They
were Senators Colt. Cummins, Hale. Kellogg.
Kenyon, Keyes, Lenroot, McCumber, McNary,
Nelson, Smoot, Spencer, Sterling and Town-
send.
On Oct. 22 and 23 the foreign relations
committee reported fifteen revised reserva-
tions, including preamble. The text of each
of these will be given as it came before the
senate to be voted upon.
The senate on Oct. 27 by a vote of 40 to
38 defeated an amendment offered by Senator
Johnson of California to give the United
States as many votes in the league as Britain
and her dominions possessed. Other amend-
ments of a similar nature were defeated on
the 29th. On Nov. 4 Senator Lodge made
a motion to strike out all reference to the
Shantung settlement in the peace treaty. The
motion was defeated by a vote of 41 to 26.
Nov. 5 Senator LaFollette of "Yisconsin of-
fered a motion to strike out the labor sections
from the treaty. The motion was defeated
47 to 34.
PREAMBLE ADOPTED.
On Nov. 7 the first of the committee reserva-
tions came up for action. This was the pre-
amble, reading as follows:
"The reservations -and understandings
adopted by the senate are to be made a part
and a condition of the resolution of ratifica-
tion, which ratification is not to take effect
or bind the United States until the said res-
ervations and understandings adopted by the
senate have been accepted by an exchange of
notes as a part and a condition of said reso-
lution of ratification, by at least three of the
lour principal allied and associated powers.
to wit. Great Britain. France. Italy and Japan."
The preamble was adopted by a vote of
48 to 40. Three democrats. Gore. Reed and
Walsh (Mass.) voted with forty -five repub-
licans for the preamble. McCumber was the
only republican to vote against it.
• RESERVATIONS ADOPTED.
On Nov. 8 the second reservation proposed
by the committee was adopted by a vote of
50 yeas to 35 nays. The reservation reads:
"2. The United States so understands and
construes article 1 that in case of notice of
withdrawal from the league of nations, as
provided in said article, the United States
shall be the sole judge as to whether all
its international obligations and all its obliga-
tions under the said covenant have been ful-
filled, and notice of withdrawal by the United
States may be given by a concurrent resolu-
tion of the congress of the United States."
On Nov. 13 the third committee reserva-
tion was agreed to by a vote of 46 yeas to
33 nays. The text follows:
"3. The United States assumes no obliga-
tion to preserve the territorial integrity or
political independence of any other country or
to interfere in controversies between nations —
whether members of the league or not— under
the provisions of article 10, or to employ tho
military or naval forces of the United States
under any article of the treaty for any pur-
pose, unless in any particular case the con-
gress, which, under the constitution, has the
sole power to declare war or authorize the
employment of the military or naval force*
of the United States, sfcall by act or joint
resolution so provide."
Reservation No. 4 offered by the commitice
was adopted Nov. 15 without a roll call. The
reservation reads:
"4. No mandate shall be accepted by the
United States under article 22. Part I., or
any other provision of the treaty of peace with
Germany, except by action of the congress of
the United States."
Reservation No, 5 was adopted the same
day by a vote of 59 to 36. The reservation
as amended by the inclusion of the words "and
all Questions affecting the present boundaries
of the United States and its insular or other
possessions." was as follows:
"5. The United States reserves to itself ex-
clusively the right to decide what questions are
within its domestic jurisdiction and declares
that all domestic and political questions re-
lating wholly or in part to its internal affairs,
including immigration, labor, coastwise traf-
fic, the tariff, commerce, the suppression of
traffic in women and children and in opium
and other dangerous drugs, and all other
domestic questions, and all questions affecting1
the present boundaries of the United States
and its insular or other possessions, are solely
within the jurisdiction of the United States
and are not under this treaty to be submit-
ted in any way either to arbitration or to the
consideration of the council or of the assem-
bly of the league of nations, or any agency
thereof, or to the decision or recommendation
of any other power."
[The amendatory words quoted above were
stricken out by the senate Nov. 18.]
Committee reservation No. 6 was adopted on
the same day by a vote of 55 to 34. It fol-
lows:
"6. The United States will not submit to
arbitration or to inquiry by the assembly or
by the council of the league of nations, pro-
vided for in said treaty of peace, any ques-
tions which in the judgment of the United
States depend upon or relate to its long-estab-
lished policy, commonly known as the Monroe
doctrine: said doctrine is to be interpreted by
the United States alone and is hereby declared
to be wholly outside the jurisdiction of said
league of nations and entirely unaffected by
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
717
any provision contained in the said treaty of
peace with Germany."
Committee reservation No. 7 was agreed to
the same day by a vote of 53 to 41. It fol-
lows:
"7. The United States withholds its assent
to articles 156. 157 and 158. and reserves
lull liberty 91 action with respect to any con-
troversy which may arise under said articles
between the republic of China and the empire
of Japan."
Committee reservation No. 8 was agreed to
on the same day by a vote of yeas 54, nays
40. It follows:
"8. The congress of the United States will
provide by law for the appointment of the
representatives of the United States in the as-
sembly and the council of the league of na-
tions, and may in its discretion provide for
the participation 9f the United States in any
commission, committee, tribunal, court, counci
or conference, or in the selection of any mem
bers thereof and for the appointment of mem
bers of said commissions, committees, tribunals
courts, councils or conferences, or any other
representatives under the treaty of peace, or
in carrying out its provisions, and until such
participation and appointment have been
so provided for and the powers and duties of
•uch representatives have been defined by law
no person shall represent the United States
under either said league of nations or the
treaty of peace with Germany or be author-
ized to perform any act for or on behalf ol
the United States thereunder, and no citizen of
the United States shall be selected or ap-
pointed as a member of said commissions,
committees, tribunals, courts, councils or con-
ferences except with the approval of the sen-
ate of the United States."
Committee reservation No. 9 was adopted
the same day by a vote of yeas 54. nays 40.
The reservation was:
"9. The United States understands that the
reparations commission will regulate or inter-
fere with exports from the United States to
Germany, or from Germany to the United
States, only when the United States by act or
joint resolution of congress approves such
regulation or interference."
Committee reservation No. 10 was agreed
to the same day by a vote of yeas 56. nays
39. The reservation was:
"10. The United States shall not be obli-
grated to contribute to any expenses of the
league of nations, or of the secretariat, or of
any commission, or committee, or conference,
or other agency organized under the league of
nations or under the treaty or for the purpose
of carrying out the treaty provisions, unless
and until an appropriation of funds available
for such expenses shall have been made by the
congress of the United States."
Reservation No. 11 submitted by the com-
mittee was agreed to the same day by a vote
of 56 to 39. It was:
"11. If the United States shall at any time
adopt any plan for the limitation of arma-
ments proposed by the council of the league
of nations under the provisions of article 8, it
reserves the right to increase such armaments
without the consent of the council whenever
the United States is threatened with invasion
or engaged in war."
Committee reservation No. 12 was adopted
the same day by a vote of 53 to 41. The
reservation was:
"12. The United States reserves the right
to permit, in its discretion, the nationals of a
covenant-breaking state, as defined in article
16 of the covenant of the league of nations,
residing within the United States or in coun-
tries other than that violating said article 16,
to continue their cpmmercial. financial and
personal relations with the nationals of the
United States."
Committee reservation No. 13 was adopted
the same day by a vote of 52 yeas to 41 nays.
It follows:
"13. Nothing in articles 296. 297. or in
any of the annexes thereto, or in any other
article, section or annex of the treaty of
peace with Germany, shall, as against citizens
of the United States, be taken to mean any
confirmation, ratification or approval of any
act otherwise illegal or in contravention of the
rights of citizens of the United States."
On Nov. 17 committee reservation No. 14
was rejected by a vote of 29 to 64. The pro-
posed reservation reads:
"14. The United States declines to accept,
as trustee or in her own right, any interest in
or any responsibility for the government or
disposition of the overseas possessions of Ger-
many, her rights and titles to which Germany
renounces to the principal allied and associated
powers under articles 119 to 127. inclusive."
Committee reservation No. 15 was rejected
the same day by a vote of 56 to 36. The
proposed reservation reads:
"15. The United States reserves to itself ex-
clusively the right to decide what questions at-
fect its honor or its vital interests and declares
that such questions are not under this treaty
to be submitted in any way either to arbitra-
tion or to the consideration of the council or
of the assembly of the league of nations or
any agency thereof or to the decision or rec-
ommendation of any other power."
In the course of the debate on the foregoing
reservations many amendments were rejected.
On Nov. 18 the following reservation of-
fered by Senator McCumber was adopted by a
vote of 54 to 35:
"The United States withholds its assent to
Part XIII. comprising articles 387 to 427. in-
clusive, of the said treaty of peace, and ex-
cepts and reserves the same from the act of
ratification, and the United States declines to
participate in any way in the said general con-
ference, or to participate in the election of
the governing body of the international labor
office constituted by said articles, and declines
in any way to contribute or be bound to con-
tribute to the expenditures of said general
conference or international labor office."
The following- reservation offered by Senator
Lenroot of Wisconsin was also adopted the
same day by a vote of 55 yeas to 38 nays:
"The United States assumes no obligation to
be bound by any election, decision, report or
finding of the council or assembly in which
any member of the league and its self-govern-
ing dominions, colonies or parts of empire in
the aggregate have cast more than one vote,
and assumes no obligation to be bound by any
decision, report or finding of the council or
assembly arising out of any dispute between
the United States and any member of the
"eague if such member or any self-governing:
dominion, colony, empire or part of empire
united with it politically has voted."
TREATY RATIFICATION DEFEATED.
On Nov. 19 Senator Lodge moved the ratifl-
ation of the treaty subject to the reservations
and understandings adopted by the senate. Be-
fore a vote was taken the following letter
from President Wilson to Senator Hitchcock
was read:
"The White House. Washington. 18 Novem-
ber, 1919. — My Dear Senator: You were good
enough to bring me word that the democratic
senators supporting the treaty expected to hold
a conference before the final vote on the Lodgre
•esolution of ratification and that they would
be glad to receive a word of counsel from me.
"I should hesitate to offer it in any detail,
mt I assume that the senators only desire my
udgment upon the all -important question of
he final vote on the resolution containing the
718
ALMANAC A.ND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
many reservations by Senator Lodge. On that Nays— 53.
I cannot hesitate, for. in my opinion, the ; Ball Johnson, Cal. Poindexter
resolution in that form does not provide for Borah Jones. Wash. Reed
ratification but rather for the nullification of Brandegee Kellogg LaFollette
the treaty. I sincerely hope that the friends Calder Kenyon Sherman
and supporters of the treaty will vote against Capper Keyes Shields
the Lodge resolution of ratification. ; Colt Knox Smith. Ga.
"I understand that the door will probably , Cummins Lenroot Smoot
then be open for -a genuine resolution of rat- ; Curtis Lodge Spencer
lfl"atTru'st that all true friends of the .treaty
Dillingham McCormick Sterling
Edge McLean Sutherland
will refuse to support the Lodge resolution.
Elkins McNary Thomas
"Cordially and sincerely yours.
Fernald Moses Townsend
"WOODROW WILSON."
France New Trammell
Frelinghuysen Newberry Wadsworth
The Lodge resolution of ratification was de-
Gore Norris Walsh, Mass.
feated by the following vote:
Gronna Page Warren
Hale Penrose Watson
Yeas— S9.
Harding Phipps
Ball Jones. Wash. Penrose
Not Voting— 4 .
Oalder Kellogg I?-i!S8
Culberson Kendrick Nelson
Capper Kenyon Shields
Fall
Colt Keyes Smith. Ga.
TO DECLARE WAR ENDED.
Cummins Lenroot Smoot
cSrtis Lodge Spencer
Dillingham McCumber Sterling
Edge McLean Sutherland
Elkins McNary Townsend
Frelinghnysen Nelson Wadsworth
Senator Lodge offered the following concur-
rent resolution, which was referred to the
committee on foreign relations:
"Whereas by resolution of congress adopted
April 6, 1917, and by reason of acts com-
mitted by the then German government, a
Gore New Walsh. Mass.
Hale Newberry Warren
Harding1 Page Watson
state of war was declared to exist between
that government and the United States: and
"Whereas the said acts of the German govern-
Nays— 55
ment have long since ceased: and
"Whereas by an armistice signed Nov. 11.
Ashurst Johnson. S. D. Pomerene
1918. hostilities between Germany and the
Bankhead Jones. N. Mex. Ransdell
allied and associated powers were termi-
Beckham Kendrick Reed
nated: and
5SSS*. Sftr fSSSS
"Whereas by the terms of the treaty of Ver-
sailles Germany is to be at peace with all
Chamberlain Knox
the nations engaged in war against her
Culberson LaFollette Simmons
whenever three governments, designated
T)iai McCormick Smith. Ariz.
therein, have ratified said treaty: Now.
Fernald McKellar Smith. Md.
therefore, be it
Fletcher Moses Smith. S. C.
"Resolved by the senate (the house of rep-
France Myers Stanley
resentatives concurring). That the said state
Gav Norris Swanson
of war between Germany and the United
Gerry Nugent Thomas
States is hereby declared to be at an end."
Gronna Overman Trammell
Harris Owen Underwood
The senate adjourned on Nov. 19 to meet in
regular session on Dec. 1.
Harrison Phelan • Walsh. Mont.
Henderson Pittman Williams
ffiteheock Poindexter Wolcott
Johnson. Cal.
BULGARIAN TREATY OF PEACE.
The treaty of peace between the allied and
associated states and Bulgaria was signed in
the Salle des Fetes at Neuilly. a suburb of
A motion to reconsider was adopted by a
Paris. France, Nov. 27, 1919. The ceremonies
vote of 63 yeas to 30 nays and the treaty
were similar to those at the signing of the
was declared by the vice-president to be in
German 'and Austrian treaties, but less im-
committee of the whole. After the decision
pressive owing to the absence of most of the
of the chair had been reversed by the senate
leading men of the peace conference, Premier
and considerable debate had taken place an-
other vote was taken on the Lodge resolution
Clemenceau being the only notable exception.
He opened and closed the proceedings with a
to ratify the treaty with reservations. It was
few words. On behalf of Bulgaria the treaty
again rejected by a vote of 51 nays to 41
was signed by M. Stamboulisky. the premier
of the Balkan state. Messrs. Polk, White and
Senator Underwood then offered a resolu-
tion ratifying the treaty of peace with Ger-
many unconditionally. The resolution was de-
feated by a vote of 38 yeas to 53 nays as
Bliss signed for the United States.
The treaty with Bulgaria follows the lines
of those in the German and Austrian treaties,
including the league of nations. It contains
the league of nations, labor, aerial naviga-
follows: Yea+-18
tion, prisoners of war and graves provisions.
i ccrs— j o.
Regarding the remaking of the Bulgarian
Ashurst Jones, N. Mex. Robinson
frontiers, the important changes are to the
Bankhead King Sheppard
south, where Bulgaria cedes western Thrace
Beckham Kirby Simmons
to the principal allied and associated powers
Chamberlain McCumber Smith. Ariz.
and agrees to accept whatever disposition of
Dial McKellar Smith. Md.
this territory the powers ultimately decide.
Fletcher Myers Smith. S. C.
but it is stipulated that in any event Bul-
Gay Nugent Stanley
garia's western frontiers shall be modified
Gerry Overman Swanson
slightly in four places to Serbia's advan-
Harris Owen Underwood
tage.
Harrison Phelan Walsh. Mont.
The Bulgarians are required to recognize
Henderson Pittman Williams
the independence of the Serb. Croat and
Hitchcock Pomerene Wolcott
Slovene state, and provisions are made to
Johnson, S. D. Ransdell
change the nationality of the inhabitants of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
719
the territory formerly Bulgarian and trans-
ferred to pther states. Provisions are made
for protection of the minprities of race, lan-
guage, nationality and religion.
Within three months the Bulgarians are re-
quired to demobilize the army and substitute
volunteer enlistments. The Bulgarian army
is reduced to 20.000 men. exclusively for the
maintenance of order and frontier control.
Bulgaria is required to pay as reparations
2.250.000.000 francs (S450.000.000) in gold
within thirty-seven years. Bulgaria re-
nounces the benefits of the Bukharest and
Brest-Litovsk treaties and agrees to surrender
the moneys and securities received according
to those treaties.
NO TREATY WITH TURKEY.
While Turkish representatives visited Paris
and the peace conference sent missions to
Turkey, no steps appear to have been taken
to negotiate a formal peace treaty with the
Ottoman empire. It was the understanding
toward the close of 1919 that the league of
nations might arrange a war settlement with
Turkey or that the negotiations would be con-
ducted through ordinary diplomatic channels.
TREATY RATIFIED BY OTHER COUNTRIES.
The treaty of peace with Germany was
ratified by the British house of commons July
21. King George affixing his signature to the
act of ratification Oct. 10. All the British
dominions accepted the treaty. Canada ratify-
ing it Sept. 4 and 11; Australia. Sept. 19-Oct.
1: New Zealand. Sept. 2. and Union of South
Africa. Sept. 10 and 12.
The French chamber of deputies ratified the
REVOLUTIONS
Hungary was proclaimed an independent re-
public Nov. 16. 1918. and Count Michael
Karolyi was made provisional president. A
provisional national assembly was created at
the same time. Difficulties with the entente
and Roumania over boundary questions arose
and the Karolyi cabinet resigned, giving way
on March 22, 1919. to a bolshevist cabinet in
which Bela Kun. the "people's commissioner
for foreign affairs," was the ruling spirit,
though Alexander Garbai was the premier. A
soviet government on the Russian model was
established. It was not a success and the city
of Budapest, the capital, was the scene of
many riots, killings, executions and counter-
revolutions. On July 17 Bela Kun was forced
to resign and was succeeded by Tibor Szamue-
ly and other radical leaders. Then the Rou-
manians came and on Aug. 4 occupied the city
with an army of 30,000 men. It was said
treaty Oct. 2 by a vote of 372 to 53: the
senate by unanimous vote Oct. 11. and Presi-
dent Poincare signed the ratification act
Oct. 14.
Italy ratified the treaty by royal decree
Oct. 7.
Japan's imperial council ratified the treaty
Oct. 12 and its action was approved by the
emperor Oct. 30.
Belgium ratified the treaty Aug. 8 and 26.
Poland ratified it July 21.
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.
The provisional organization of the league
of nations was completed in Paris, France,
May 5. 1919. It came into official existence
Oct. 13 when the secretariat was formally
notified that France, Great Britain and Italy
had ratified the German peace treaty. The
failure of the United States senate to ratify
caused delay in setting the machinery of the
league in motion, but it was said that the other
powers would go ahead without the United
States. Up to Dec. 1 a number of nations
outside the big powers had announced their
adherence to the league. Among them were
Chile and Spain.
On Oct. 14 Leon Bourgeois was appointed as
the French representative on the council ol
the league.
Officers and Headquarters.
Secretary -General— Sir Eric Drummond. Great
Britain.
Temporary Chairman — Stephen Pichon. France.
Temporary Headquarters— Sunderland House.
London. England.
Permanent Headquarters— Geneva. Switzerland.
IN HUNGARY.
that they killed many civilians and did a
great deal of pillaging.
On Aug. 7 the peace cabinet in Paris was
Un Aug. 7 the peace cabinet in Fans was
advised that a newly formed Hungarian cabinet
headed by Julius Peidl had been overthrown
and that Archduke Joseph had established a
ministry in Budapest. It was suspected that
this was the first step toward the restoration
of the monarchical system, but this was de-
nied. The allies, however, decid d that it
would not be wise to back UP Archduke Jo-
seph and at their request he resigned Aug. 22.
Premier Stephen Friedrich continued in office
as the head of the temporary government un-
til he was succeeded on Nov. 22 by Karl Hus-
zar as minis ter-presidentj
The Roumanians after being repeatedly re-
quested to do so evacuated Budapest and Hun-
gary the second week in November.
THE BALTIC PROVINCES IN 1919.
The states bordering on the eastern and
southern shores of the Baltic sea. the Gulf of
Riga and the Gulf of Finland and known gen-
erally as the Baltic provinces had a difficult
time in 1919. They were attacked on the
one side by the troops of Gen. von der Goltz,
who refused to obey either the orders of the
authorities in Berlin or of the supreme coun-
cil in Paris, and on the other side by the
soviet armies of Russia. In addition one of
them. Esthonia. was made the base of Gen.
Yudenitch's ill fated expedition against Petro-
grad and its neutrality was imperiled con-
stantly. The main concern of the provinces
was to retain their independence as republics
and at the same time to establish such rela-
tions with the greater powers, Russia included,
as would enable them to exist economically.
Their armies were small and poorly supplied
with food, clothing and munitions of w^r. y -t
up to Dec. 1. 1919. they had managed to de-
fend themselves. The Germans at that time
had been defeated. Gen. Yudenitch had failed
in his enterprise and the bolsheviki were ap-
parently anxious to make peace. Conferences
were held at Dorpat in November, ostensibly
to arrange for the exchange of prisoners, but
mainly for the purpose of inaugurating peace
negotiations.
Antanas Smetonas was elected president of
the Lithuanian republic on April 4. 1919. and
took the oath before the tarbya or parliament.
LUXEMBURG REMAINS A DUCHY.
By means of a plebiscite taken Sept. 28.
1919. the people of the little independent
duchy of Lux?mburg decided in favor of re-
taining Grand Duchess Charlotte as their ruler
and of economic union with France. The
voters had the choice of retaining the duchess,
selecting another of the same family, substi-
tuting another dynasty, or establishing a re-
public. The vote was about two to one in
favor of Charlotte.
720
ALMANAC AiND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
VICTORY PARADES IN PARIS AND LONDON.
The allied victory in the war W-th Germany
and her associates was celebrated with mag-
ninWnt military parades in Pans and London
S July 191$7 soon after the German peace
had been signed and accepted by the
The celebration in Paris oc-
14 the national holiday or
ase le in London it took place on
July 10. There were many other celebrations.
these were by far the most notable. In
defeated power
5S nn J
Bastme day
[>ops.
fifty
followed the wounded, riding alone. .Behind
Both the mlUtaiy
npam .
composite battalion from resriments of the
*385ff3g%A
PThee great parade, which was witnessed by
an immense throng- of people all along the
riAeT/btque^w^re The^s XSH
Site? Sassin* before the French marshals
Joch and Jolfre. The day was one long- to be
remembered in the annals of the French cap-
it al. thV scene of so many stirring: events m
the world's history.
VICTORY DAY IN LONDON.
No less remarkable than the victory parade
in Paris was that in London on Saturday.
June 19. People began to assemble along the
line ol march the nig-ht before and when the
march began both s'des of the .route were so
packed with humanity that in places the
troops had difficulty in getting through. Nine-
teen thousand soldiers all. selected from the
most famous combat divisions of the British
£nd allied armies, took part in the Parade
which was more than six miles in length. It
began at Albert Gate and Passing through
ai/von Qnnarp, f»rr>H*e<l the Thames on the
Sloan Square croe
Vauxhall bridge.
The
the Thames on
line of march there
lay through one ol the poorer districts of the
city until Westminster bridge was reached
where the river was recrossed. Thence it
proceeded to Whitehall and Pall Mall to Hyde
Park where the marchers dispersed. Along
the whole route all the building's were deco-
rated with countless flags and masses of bunt-
ing The weather was fine and there was no
element lacking to make the day even more
memorable than that on which Queen Vic-
toria's diamond jubilee was celebrated in
Troops of the allied and associated coun
tries were arranged in alphabetical order and
because of this American soldiers came first
in the line. There were three battalions of
thirty-three officers and 1,100 men. Gen. John
J. Pershing rode at their head with a color
bearer carrying: his personal flag. After the
Americans came French. Italian. Belgian. Jap-
anese. Polish. Roumanian. Portuguese, Ser-
bian, Siamese and Czecho-Slovak troops, the
smaller nations being represented by
each.
Behind the allied eection came Vice-Ad-
mirals Beatty and Keyes and other officers of
he British grand fleet with a naval contin-
gent of 4.000 men. After them came 1.000
men from the mercantile marine and 600
women from various war services. Next in
ne came Field Marshal Haig and his staff at
the head of 5,000 British troops of every
branch of the service, including: detachments
from all the dominions.
The parade was reviewed by King George
from a stand erected before the Queen Vic-
toria memorial. With him were Queen Mary.
Queen Alexandra, the prince ol Wales, the
Princess Mary. Premier Lloyd George and
many others. Gen. Pershing and Marshal
Foch joined the royal party on the reviewing:
stand when they had finished their part in
the parade and the king chatted with each in
turn.
Each of the noted commanders in the line
ol march was greeted with wild enthusiasm
and Pershing-, Foch, Beatty and Haig received
ovations aa they were recognized. Gen. Per-
shing-. who arrived in England on July 15. was
the recipient of many honors at the hands of
King George and others and with Field Mar-
shal Haig. Admiral Beatty and a number ol
other distinguished soldiers was entertained
at luncheon by the king and queen in Buck-
ingham palace on the day ol the parade.
Describing the appearance of the Americans
and their leader in the parade Douglas New-
ton wrote in Lloyd's Sunday News:
"Then Gen. Pershing came — a big. thick man
with a thrusting: chin, all smiles as the crowd
let him have it, but steady and soldierly, as
his hand went up to salute the king:. He did
not carry a sword as the other leaders did.
but his flag- bearer by him dipped the red flag:
on which were set the stars of his rank as
general of the American forces. Behind him
rode the cavalry, taut and stocky and very
purposeful in their steel helmets.
"There was a band with white instruments
grinding out 'Over There,' and then in a bril-
liant and quickening- flutter came the massed
flags of America. The Stars and Stripes were
fluttering in the wind like things of flame,
and with them were the soberer tones of the
American regimental flags. They passed up
Constitution Hill, a bunch of flapping, leaping
fire, marked strongly against the ever-flutter-
ing play of hats and handkerchiefs and arms
and flag-s that g-ave the massed people the
sense of an unceasing dancing1 movement. Be-
hind the flags were masses of marching Amer-
icans, hefty and springy, flowers in their rifle
fine heroic air in their
Those helmets were a
barrels and with a
grim steel helmets,
happy touch."
Neither in the Paris nor the London victory
parades were the dead in the war forgotten.
In each city a cenotaph was erected and as
the soldiers marched by they sainted the me-
morials to their fallen comrades.
PROHIBITION VOTE IN OHIO.
Ohio voters at the election of Nov. 4, 1919.
voted on several prohibition or liquor propo-
sitions with the following1 official result:
Ratification of the federal prohibition amend-
ment—Yes. 499.888; no, 500,430.
Two and three-fourths per cent beer— Yes,
474.903: no. 504.570.
Repeal of state prohibition— Yes, 454,933; no.
496.782.
Crabbe enforcement act lor statewide pro-
hibition law— Yes, 474,036; no, 500,874.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
721
hough en-
blockaded
RUSSIA. UNDER
Russia in 1919 continued under the domina- I
tion of the soviet or bolshevist government of
Lenin. Trotzky and Tchitcherin. t
circled by enemies on all sides and
by the allies. The Moscow reds were assailed
from the direction of Archangel by allied
troops, from the west by a force of volunteers
under Gen. Yudenitch, from the south and
southeast by Cossacks and others commanded
by Gen. Denikin and from the east by the
troops under Admiral Kolchak. At times it
looked as though the proletariat dictatorship
would collapse, but lack of cohesion and unity
at action among its opponents enabled it to
escape defeat and by the end of November it
seemed stronger than at any previous time.
Polish troops in the early part of the year
won several victories over the bolsheviki at
Vilna and other points. They succeeded in
keeping the reds out of the Polish republic.
On the Archangel front in March there were
34,765 allied troops opposed to the bolsheviki.
Of this number 4.920 were Americans and
13,100 British. There were also some French,
Italians and Serbians and anti-red Russians.
The fighting was severe at times but condi-
tions were unfavorable to the allies and early
in the year it was decided to withdraw the
troops from that region. This was done grad-
ually in the course of the summer.
On the Siberian front in March there were
7.500 American troops: 1.600 British: 4,000
Canadian: 7.600 French: 2.000 Italians: 4.000
Serbians: 12.000 Poles: 4.000 Roumanians:
27.000 Japanese and 55.000 Czecho-Slovaks.
There were also a number of American en-
gineers and Red Cross units. The Americans
were chiefly enerafred in guarding: mines, rail-
road stations and lines and doing other work
of similar character. They were attacked a
number « of times by bolshevik, detachments
and acauitted themselves well. The headquar-
ters of the Kolchak government were at Omsk
until that city was finally captured by the
bolsheviki in November. The fortunes of war
varied here as on the other fronts and
it would be useless to follow them in detail.
The allies were divided in policy and did little
more than to give the antibolsheviki their
financial and moral support. .
Gen Yudenitch in October got within sight
of Petrograd. but then the bolsheviki brought
up re-enforcements and drove him back. This
ended the campaign on this front. In No-
vember the reds had regained all the territory
they had lost, and Gen. Yudenitch's troops
were scattered.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH KOLCHAK.
On May 24. 1919. the leading representatives
of the allied and associated powers sent the
following dispatch to Admiral Kolchak. head
of the all-Russian government at Omsk:
"The allied and associated powers feel that
the time has come when it is necessary for
them once more to make clear the policy they
propose to pursue in regard to Russia.
"It has always been a cardinal axiom of
the allied and associated powers to avoid in-
terference in the internal affairs of Russia.
Their original intervention was made for the
sole purpose of assisting those elements in
Russia which wanted to continue the strug-
gle against German autocracy and to free
their country from German rule and in or-
der to rescue the Czecho-Slovaks from the
danger of annihilation at the hands of the
bolshevik forces.
"Since the signature of the armistice on
Nov. 11. 1918. they have kept forces in
various parts of Russia. Munitions and sup-
plies have been sent to assist those associated
with them at a very considerable cost. No
sooner however, did the peace conference
assemble than they endeavored to bring peace
and order to Russia by inviting representatives
SOVIET RULE.
of all the warring governments within Russia
to meet them in the hope that they might
be able to arrange a permanent solution of
the Russian problem.
"This proposal and a later offer to relieve
the distress among the suffering millions of
Russia broke down through the refusal of the
soviet government to accept the fundamental
conditions of suspending hostilities while
negotiations for the work of relief were pro*
ceeding.
"Some of the allied and associated govern-
ments are now being pressed to withdraw their
troops and to incur no further expense in
Russia, on the ground that continued inter-
vention shows no prospect of producing an
early settlement. They are prepared, however,
to continue their assistance on the lines laid
down below, provided they are satisfied that
it will really help the Russian people to lib-
erty, self-government and peace.
"The allied and associated governments now
wish to declare formally that the object ot
their policy is to restore peace within Russia
by enabling the Russian people to resume
control of their own affairs through the in-
strumentality of a freely elected constituent
assembly, and to restore peace along ita
frontiers by arranging for the settlement of
disputes in regard to the boundaries of the
Russian state and its relations with ita
neighbors through the peaceful arbitration ot
the league of nations.
"They are convinced by their experience!
of the last twelve months that it is not pos-
sible to attain these ends by dealing with the
soviet government of Moscow. They are.
therefore, disposed to assist the government
of Admiral Kolchak and his associates with
munitions, supplies and food to establish
themselves as the government of all Russia,
provided they receive from them definite guar-
anties that their policy has the same object
in view as the allied and associated powers.
"With this object they would ask Admiral
Kolchak and his associates whether they will
agree to the following as the conditions upon
which they would accept continued assist-
ance from the allied and associated powers:
"In the first place, that, as soon as they
reach Moscow, they will summon a constituent
assembly elected by a free, secret and demo-
cratic franchise, as the supreme legislature
for Russia, to which the government of Rus-
sia must be responsible, "or. if at that time
order is not sufficiently restored, they will
summon the constituent assembly, elected in
1917. to sit until such time as new elections
are possible.
"Second, that throughout the areas which
they at present control they will permit free
elections in the normal course for all local
and legally constituted assemblies, such aa
municipalities, zemstvos, etc.
"Third, that they will countenance no at-
tempt to revise the special privilege of any
class or order in Russia.
"The allied -and associated powers have noted
with satisfaction the solemn declaration made
by Admiral Kolchak and his associates that
they have no intention of restoring the former
land system. They feel that the principles
to be followed in the solution of this and
other internal Questions must be left to the
free decision of the Russian constituent as-
sembly, but tfhey wish to be assured that
those whom they are prepared to assist stand
for the civil and religious liberty of all Rus-
sian citizens and will make no attempt to re-
introduce the regime which the revolution haa
destroyed.
"Fourth, that the independence of Finland
and Poland be recognized and that in the event
722
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 192 J.
of the frontiers and other relations betwee
Russia, and these countries not being1 settled b
agivement they will be referred to the arbitra
tion of the league of nations.
"Fifth, that if a solution of the relation
between Esthonia, Letvia. Lithuania and th
Caucasian and Transcaspian territories am
Russia is not speedily reached by agreement
the settlement will be made in consultation
and co-operation with the league of nation
and that until such settlement is made thi
government of Russia agrees to recognizi
these territories as autonomous and to confirm
the relations which may exist between thei
de facto governments and the allied and asso
ciated governments.
"Sixth, that the right of the peace con
lerence to determine the future of the
Roumanian part of Bessarabia be recognized
"Seventh, that as soon as a governme.n
lor Russia has been constituted on a demo-
cratic basis. Russia -should join the league
of nations and co-operate with the other mem-
bers in the limitation of armaments and oj
military organizations throughout the world.
"Finally, that they abide by the declaration
made by Admiral Kolchak on Nov. 27. 1918.
in regard to Russia's national debt.
"The allied and associated powers will be
glad to learn as soon as possible whether the
government of Admiral Kolchak and his ae-
eociatea is prepared to accept these condi-
tions, and also whether in the event of ac-
ceptance they will undertake to form a single
government and army command as soon as the
military situation makes it possible.
"G. CLEMENCEAU.
"LLOYD GEORGE.
"ORLANDO.
"WOODROW WILSON.
"SAIONJI."
Kolchak Agrees to Policy.
On June 5 the following reply from Admiral
ak was received in Paris:
_e government over which I preside has
been happy to learn that the policy of the
allied and associated powers in regard to
Russia is in perfect accordance with the
task which the Russian government itself
has undertaken, that government being anxious
above all things to re-establish peace in the
country and to assure to the Russian people
the right to decide their own destiny in free-
dom by means of a constituent assembly. I
appreciate highly the interest shown by the
powers as regards the national movement and
consider their wish to make certain that the
political conditions with which we are in-
•pired are legitimate. I am therefore ready
to confirm once more my previous declara-
tions which I have always regarded as irrev-
ocable
"1. On Nov. 18. 1918. I assumed power
•nd I shall not retain that power one day
longer than required by the interest of the
country. My first thought at the moment when
the bolsheviki are definitely crushed will be
to fix tine date for the elections of the con-
stituent assembly. A commission now is at
work on an act in preparation for them on
the basis of universal suffrage. Considering
myself as responsible for that constituent as-
sembly. I shall hand over to it all my powers
in order that it may freely determine the
•ystem of government. I have, moreover,
taken the oath to do this before the supreme
Russian tribunal, the guardian of legality.
"All my efforts are aimed at concluding the
civil war as soon as possible by crushing
bolshevism in order to put the Russian peo-
ple in a position to express their free will. Any
prolongation of this struggle would only post-
pone that moment. The government, how-
ever, does not consider itself authorized to
substitute for the inalienable right of free
and legal elections the mere re-establishment
of the assembly of 1917. which was elected
under a regime of bolshevist violence and a
majority of whose members now are in th«
ranks of the soviet.
"It is to the legally elected constituent
assembly alone, which my government will do
its utmost to convoke properly, that there
will belong the sovereign rights of deciding
the problems of the Russian state both in
the internal and external affairs of the
country.
"2. We gladly consent to discuss at once
with the powers all international questions,
and in doing so shall aim at the free and
peaceful development of the peoples, the lim-
itation of armaments and the measures cal-
culated to prevent new wars, of which the
league of nations is the highest expression.
"The Russian government thinks, however,
that it should recall the fact that the final
sanction of the decisions which may be
taken in the name of Russia will belong
to the constituent assembly. Russia can-
not now and cannot in the future ever be
anything but a democratic state where all
Questions involving modifications of the ter-
ritorial frontiers and of external relations
must be ratified by a representative body
which is the national expression of the
people's sovereignty,
"3. Considering the creation of a unified
Polish state to be one of the chief of the
normal and just consequences of the world
war, the government thinks itself justified
In confirming' the independence of Poland,
proclaimed by the provisional Russian gov-
ernment of 1917, all the pledges and de-
rees of which we have accepted. The final
solution of the question o: delimiting the
frontiers between Russia and Polan/1 must,
however, in conformity with the principles
set forth above, be postponed until the meet-
ng of the constituent assembly. We are dis-
posed at once to recognize the de facto
government of Finland, but the final solu-
;ion of the Finnis! institution must belong
;o the constituent assembly.
"4. We are fully disposed at once to
prepare for the solution of the questions
concerning the fate of the national groups
n Esthonia, Letvia, Lithuania and of the
Caucasian and Transcaspian countries, and
we have every reason to believe that a
jrompt settlement will be made, seeing that
he government is assuring as from the pres-
ent time the autonomy of th- various na-
ionalities. It goes without saying that the
imits and conditions of these autonomous in-
titutions will be settled separately as regards
each.
Even in the case that difficulties should
arise in regard to the solution of these vari-
us institutions, the government is ready to
tave recourse to the collaboration and good
ffices of the league of nations with a view
o arriving at a satisfactory settlement.
"5. The above principle, implying the eat-
sfaction of agreements by the constituent
assembly, should obviously be applied to
he question of Bessarabia.
"6. The Russian government once more
epeats its declaration of Nov. 27. 1918. by
which it accepted the burden of the national
debt of Russia.
"7. As regards the question of internal
politics, which can only interest the pow-
ers in so far as they reflect the political
tendencies of the Russian government, 1
make a point of repeating that there can-
not be a return to the regime which ex-
isted in Russia before February, 1917. The
provisional solution which my government
has adopted in regard to the agrarian ques-
tion aims at satisfying the interests of the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK > FOR 1920.
723
great mass of the population and Is inspired
by the conviction that Russia can only be
flourishing and strong- when the millions of
Russian peasants receive all guaranties ior
the possession of the land.
"Similarly as regards the regime to be
applied to the liberated territories, the gov-
ernment, far from placing obstacles in the
way of the free election of local assemblies,
municipalities and zemstvos. regards the ac-
tivities of these bodies and also the devel-
opment of the people in self-government as
necessary conditions for the reconstruction of
the country, and is already actually giving:
them its support by ail the means at its
disposal.
"8. Having set ourselves the task of re-
establishing order and justice and of insur-
ing individual security to the population,
which is tired of trials and exactions, the
fovernment affirms the equality before the
law of all citizens without any special priv-
ilege. [An omission here.] All shall receive
without distinction of origin or of religion
the protection of the state and of the law.
"The government whose head I am is
concentrating all the forces and all the
resources at its disposal in order to accom-
plish the task which it has set itself. At
this decisive hour I speak in the name of all
national Russia. I am confident that, bol-
shevism once crushed, satisfactory solutions
will be found for all questions which equally
concern all those populations whose exist-
ence is bound up with that of Russia.
"KOLCHAK."
Kolchak Reply Acceptable.
To Admiral Kolchak's letter the peace
conference representatives sent the following
answer June 12:
"The allied and associated powers wish to
acknowledge the receipt of Admiral Kolchak's
reply to their note of May 26. They wel-
come the terms of that reply, which seem
to them to be in substantial agreement with
the propositions they had made, and to
contain satisfactory assurances for the free-
dom, self-government and peace of the Rus-
sian people and their neighbors. They are,
therefore, willing to extend to Admiral Kol-
chak and his associates the support set
forth in their original letter.'"
PLAN TO FEED STARVING RUSSIA.
On April 17, 1919. the following corre-
spondence between Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, head
of the commission to feed Russia, and Pres-
ident Wilson and Premiers Clemenceau. Lloyd
George and Orlando on the food situation
in Russia was made public. Dr. Nansen in
a letter to the council of four wrote:
"The present food situation in Russia,
where hundreds of thousands of people are
dying monthly from sheer starvation and
disease, is one of the problems now upper-
most in all men's minds. As it appears
that no solution of this food question has
so far been reached in any delegation, I
would like to make a suggestion from a
neutral point of view for the benefit of this
gigantic misery, on purely humanitarian
grounds.
"It would appear to me possible to organ-
ize a purely humanitarian committee for the
provisioning of Russia, the foodstuffs and
medical supplies to be paid for. perhaps to
some considerable extent, by Russia itself,
the justice of distribution to be guaranteed
by a committee. The general makeup of the
committee would be composed of Norwegian,
Swedish and possibly Dutch, Danish and Swiss
nationalities.
"It does not appear that the existing au-
thorities in Russia would refuse the inter-
vention of snch a committee of a wholly
nonpolitical order, devoted solely to the hu-
manitarian service of saving life.
"If thus organized upon the lines of the
Belgian relief committee, it would raise no
question of political recognition or negotia-
tions between the allies with the existing
authorities in Russia.
"I recognize keenly the large political is-
sues involved, and I would be glad to know
under what conditions such an enterprise
would be approved and whether such a
committee could look for real support in
nnance and shipping and food and medical
supplies from your governments."
The following reply was sent by President
Wilson and the premiers:
"The misery and suffering in Russia de-
scribed in your letter of April 3 appeal to
the sympathies of all peoples. It is shock-
ing to humanity that millions of men and
women and children lack the food and nour-
ishment which make life endurable.
"The governments, the peoples whom we
represent, would be glad to co-operate, with-
out thought of political, military or financial
advantage, in any proposal which wouid re-
lieve this situation in Russia. It seems to
us that such a committee as you propose
would offer a practical means of acquiring
the beneficent results you have in view and
could not, either in its conception or its
operation, be considered as having any other
aim than the humanitarian purpose of sav-
ing life.
"There are great difficulties to be over-
come, political difficulties, owing to the ex-
isting situation in Russia, and difficulties of
supply and of transport; but if the existing
local governments of Russia are as willing
as the governments and peoples whom we
represent to see succor and relief given to
the stricken people of Russia, no political
obstacle will remain.
"There will remain, however, the difficul-
ties of supply, finance and transport, which
we have mentioned, and also the problem of
distribution in Russia itself. The problem
of supply we can ourselves hope to solve
in connection with the advance and co-oper-
ation of such a committee as you propose.
The problem of finance would seem to us to
fall upon the Russian authorities.
"The problem of transport of supplies to
Russia we can hope to meet with the as-
sistance of your own and neutral govern-
ments, whose interests should be as great as
our own, and whose losses have been less.
"The problems of transport in Russia and
of distribution can be solved only by the
people of Russia themselves, with the as-
sistance, advice and supervision of your
commission. Subject to such supervision,
the problem of distribution should be solely
under the control of the people of Russia
themselves. The people in each locality
should be given, as under the regime of the
Belgian relief commission, the fullest op-
portunity to advise your commission upon
the methods and the personnel by which
their community is to be relieved.
"In no other circumstance could it be
believed that the purpose of this relief was
humanitarian and not political. Under no
other conditions could it be certain that the
hungry would be fed.
"That such a course would involve the
Cessation of hostilities within definite lines
in the territory of Russia is obvious. And
the cessation of hostilities would necessarily
involve a complete suspension of the trans-
fer of troops and military material of all
sorts to and within Russia's territory.
"Indeed, relief to Russia which did not
mean a return to a state of peace would be
futile and would be impossible to consider.
724
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
"Under such conditions as we have out-
lined we believe that your plan could be
successfully carried into effect, and we should
be prepared to give it our full support.
"E. ORLANDO.
"D. LLOYD GEORGE,
"WOODROW WILSON,
"G. CLEMENCEAU."
Conditions remained such that the plan
could not be carried out and the nopcom.
batants in Russia continued to suffer from
the lack of food, clothing and other neces-
saries, most of the available supplies going
to the red army. At the time this record
closed soviet Russia was still being block-
aded by the allies.
GABRIELE D'ANNUNZIO AND FIUME.
•Early in 1919 Italy was stirred to fever heat
over the question of taking possession of the
eastern coast of the Adriatic. On Jan. 16 the
warrior-poet. Lieut.-Col. Gabriele d'Annunzio,
issued a manifesto filling six columns in the
newspapers demanding the inclusion of the
•whole of Dalmatia in the kingdom of Italy.
He was especially severe in his denunciation
of Sig. Bissolati and others who took an op-
posite view of the matter and wound up his
article with:
"No bones, no scraps, na rags, no barter-
ing, no frauds ! Enough ! Enough ! Over-
turn the counters! Smash the false balances!
If it becomes necessary we will confront the
new conspiracy with a bomb in either hand
and a knife between the teeth!"
Following this outburst there was a con-
troversy over the use of Fiume as a port
through which to send food to the Jugo Slavs.
but no change in the situation occurred imme-
diately. Some disorder took place there and
also at Spalato. the Jugo Slavs claiming that
the trouble was fomented by Italians. On
May 24 the people in Rome observed the an-
niversary of Italy's entry into the war quietly,
the government discouraging demonstrations
on account of the feeling against the attitude
of the allies toward the Adriatic claims.
D'Annunzio was to have delivered an address.
but was ordered not to do so by the gov-
ernment. On the following day when he
was ordered to return to his camp he re-
plied by resigning his rank as lieutenant-
colonel in the army. This, as a volunteer, he
had the right to do.
In June the Orlando cabinet fell and was
succeeded by one headed by Sig. Nitti. who
took the Bissolati side of the Fiume ques-
tion and was consequently opposed by
D'Annunzio. International forces at this time
occupied Fiume and the French troops there,
who sympathized with the Jugo Slavs, came
into conflict on several occasions with the
Italians. On July 2 a row occurred in which
twenty ••three French soldiers were wounded.
Gen. Graziole, in command of the international
force, tried to maintain order, but many anti-
Italian manifestations occurred. On July 11
three allied warships — one American, one Brit-
ish and one French — were ordered to Fiume
harbor.
On Sept. 14 it became known that Gabriele
d'Annunzio with forty motor lorries loaded
with volunteers had proceeded from Roncha.
on the old Italian frontier, to Fiume and
taken possession of the city after a protest
by Gen. Pittaluga. then in command of the
troops in the town. There he remained in
spite of some opposition by the Nitti govern-
ment and up to Dec. 1. 1919. had not been
induced to give up the enterprise. He had
the sympathy of the army with him and also
that of Italians generally except the socialists.
These won a notable victory in the November
elections and D'Annunzio's position was not
made any the more secure thereby.
DISTURBANCES IN EGYPT.
Soon after the close of the war in Europe
the nationalists in Egypt began an agitation
lor the virtual independence of that country.
They objected to the protectorate established
by the British on Dec. 18, 1914. and demand-
ed complete autonomy for Egypt, leaving to
Great Britain only the right of supervision
over the public debt and the Suez canal. They
wanted to send representatives to Paris and
London to present their side of the con-
troversy. No agreement could be reached be-
tween the nationalists and the British au-
thorities and early in March. 1919. disturb-
ances began in various parts of the country
between mobs and the troops. By the 21st
of the month disorders had spread through
the whole valley of the Nile. In Cairo and
other places there were collisions in which
several lives were lost. Official reports up to
March 26 showed that 2.000 houses had been
sacked, that a number of British soldiers had
been killed and that various railway stations
had been burned. In Cairo alone sixty-nine
natives had been killed.
Field Marshal Viscount E. H. H. Allenby.
the conqueror of the Turks in Palestine, was
sent to Egypt in the hope that he might re-
store order. In spite of his efforts the riot-
ing and bloodshed continued, especially in
Cairo and Alexandria, where on April 9 and
10 thirty-eight persons were killed and 100
wounded. Allenby was made British high
commissioner for Egypt Oct. 17. Things were
then a little less disturbed, but the whole
question as to British Egyptian policy still
remained an open one.
On Nov. 18 eleven natives were killed and
sixty wounded by British troops, who opened
fire on a crowd besieging the police station
in the course of a demonstration.
MONARCHIST REVOLT IN PORTUGAL.
In January, 1919, the monarchists in north-
ern Portugal bsgan a revolt which for a time
threatened to sweep the republican government
out of power. The southern part of the coun-
try, however, was loyal and by the 1st of Feb-
ruary the uprising had been crushed complete-
ly. Before they were suppressed the royalists
had captured Oporto and established their
headquarters there. Most of the fighting oc-
curred in the provinces of Minho and Tra-
zos-Montes. There was some trouble in Lisbon
but the monarchists in the capital were easily
overcome on Jan. 25. The navy remained loyal
to the republic. It was reported at various
times that ex-King Manuel was near Oporto,
but it appeared that he had not left his resi-
dence in England.
URUGUAY UNDER A COMMISSION.
When Dr. Baltasar Brum was inaugurated as
president on March 1. 1919. at Montevideo,
Uruguay was placed in control of a commis-
sion form of government. The C9mmission
consists of the president, elected directly by
the people, and nine men appointed by the
tv.-o houses of congress. In addition the presi-
dent has a cabinet of nine members, of whom
he names three and the commission six.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
725
DEVELOPMENTS IN GERMANY IN 1919.
The main event in Germany in 1919. aside
from signing- a humiliating treaty of peace with
the victorious allies, was the election of a na-
tional assembly and the framing and adoption
of a new constitution. This important work
was completed July 31 when the fundamental
law was adopted by the decisive vote of 262
to 75. The formal promulgation took place
Augr. 13.
DIGEST OF CONSTITUTION.
The new German constitution is divided into
two main parts— "the composition and the ties
of the empire" and "the basic rights and basic
fluties of Germans." The first part consists
of seven sections and the second of five.
The subdivisions of the first part are: The
empire and individual states, the reichstag, the
Imperial president, imperial government, impe-
rial cpuncil, imperial legislation and imperial
administration of justice.
Those of the second part are: Individual
community of life, religion and religious 89-
cieties. education and schools, and economic
life.
This second main part provides that all Ger-
mans shall be equal before the law and that
men and women shall have basically the same
rights and duties. Preferential rights and
drawbacks of birth and position are removed
and titles of nobility are considered as only
the part of a person's name.
No more titles will be conferred, and will be
Driven only when they describe a person's oc-
cupation. No tokens of honor may be given
out by the government and no German may
accept a title or order of a foreign state.
The concluding part of the constitution bears
the title : "Transition Relations."
The preamble to the constitution begins as
follows:
"The German people, united in its branches
and inspired by the will to renew and
strengthen its empire in freedom and justice,
to further inner and outer peace and social
advance, has voted this constitution."
Is a Republican State.
Section 1 declares that the German empire
is a republican state, sovereignty being based
on the people.
It describes the territorial limits of the em-
pire, establishes the imperial colors as being
black, red and gold, and states that the gen-
erally recognized rules of international law
will be held as binding on the empire.
The empire will have exclusive rights gov-
erning foreign affairs, colonies, citizenship, im-
migration, defense, coinage, customs, posts,
telegraphs and long distance telephones, repop-
ulation. motherhood, children, youth, health,
labor insurance, protection to laborers and
employes, confiscation, care of wounded soldiers
and their relatives, socialization of national re-
sources, economic undertakings, manufacture,
distribution, price fixing, economic production,
trade weights and measures, the issuance of
paper money, food, luxury, articles of indus-
try, mines, insurance, the mercantile marine,
control of lake and coast fisheries, railroads,
automobile traffic, transportation by land,
water and air. road construction and theaters.
Individual states will have legislative rights,
but the imperial law will supersede those of
individual states.
Each state must have a liberal constitution,
with a legislature elected by general, equal and
secret ballot by all Germans, men and women.
The constitution lays down rules for alter-
ing the empire territorially, providing that
plebiscites shall be held in districts affected.
Reichstag and President.
The reichstag supersedes the temporary na-
tional assembly. It will be elected for a term
of four years. The president will be chosen
by the entire German people instead of by the
assembly and will hold office for a term of
seven years. He will represent the empire un-
der international law. will make treaties and
accredit diplomats. Declaration of war or
peace must be proclaimed by the imperial
reichstag. and treaties with foreign states must
be accepted by the reichstag.
The president as commander of the chief de-
fense forces of the empire can employ armed
forces for quelling disturbances or may send
them against states which do not fulfill their
duties, but in doing so must notify the reichs-
tag. which is given the power of veto.
The president's orders must be counter-
signed by a chancellpr or the imperial minister
whose department is affected. He has the
right to pardon criminals, but the granting1 of
amnesty must be voted by the reichstag
The chancellor will occupy a position analo-
gous to that of vice-president. He and the rest
of the ministry will be appointed by the presi-
dent. The. chancellor will determine the em-
pire s foreign policy, bear responsibility for
the cabinet, and in the case of a tie vote in
n£Lm*5?£y wil1 have the deciding ballot.
The reichstag is given the right to impeach
the president, chancellor and ministers.
Charges upon which impeachment proceedings
are based must bear the names of 100 mem-
bers of the reichstag before the case can bo
brought before the court.
The Imperial Council.
The imperial council will be composed ol
representatives of the individual states. Which
will have at least one vote apiece. The vote*
of the larger states will be based on popula-
tion, being fixed on the number of millions of
inhabitants within their borders No state
can have more than two-fifths of the total
number of votes in the council.
Half of Prussia's votes must come from pro-
vincial administrations. Imperial legislation
cannot be introduced in the reichstag without
the consent of the council unless the govern-
ment ventures to introduce bills which the
reichstag knows to be disapproved by the
Laws may be submitted by plebiscites if the
president desires. A majority vote will nullify
the law. The constitution can be altered by a
quorum of tw9-thirds of the reichstag voting-
fo£jh<? alteration by a two-thirds majority.
The imperial administration is placed in con-
trol of treaties by individual states with
foreign countries, territorial changes and de-
fense of the realm. German merchant vessels
will constitute a unified mercantile marine
The new German frontier comprises custom
zones, the income from which will be admin-
istered by the empire.
Provision is made for a budget system, and
the reichstag cannot raise the amount of the
budget without reaching an agreement with
the council.
Imperial postal and telegraphic rates will be
determined by the council, and the railroad
systems will be taken over by the empire and
states. Private roads must be given over to
the empire on demand, and the empire can
confiscate railroads not yet taken over.
In case the defense of the country requires
the step, it is given the power to take over
the administration of all water routes.
Life Tenure for Judges.
Judges of the ordinary civil courts vrill be
chosen for life and cannot be removed except
by judicial decision. Military courts are abol-
ished save in wartime and on board warships
and state courts, which will try those accused
of political crimes, will be created by impe-
rial law.
726
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Every citizen of an individual state is a
citizen of the empire. Every German will
have equal rights anywhere within the empire
and may live where he pleases. He will have
the right to own real estate and purchase
food in any state.
Every German permitted to emigrate will
have the privilege of being protected in for-
eign, countries, and no German may be deliv-
ered up to a foreign country for prosecution
and punishment.
Foreign speaking Germans may not be pre-
vented from developing the free use of their
mother tongue. In instruction and legal affairs
the freedom of the individual is invulnerable.
The German's house will be his castle.
Postal, telegraph and telephone secrecy is
guaranteed. Every German has the right to
express his opinions by written or spoken
word, print or picture. There will be no cen-
sorship save for moving pictures, for which
regulations will be made to suppress objection-
able filing for the protection of youth
Under the heading- "community of life" the
constitution declares that marriage constitutes
the basis of family life and the salvation of
the nations and it is therefore under the spe-
cial protection of the constitution on the basis
of equality of the sexes.
It is pointed out that it is the duty of the
state to keep pure and healthy the family life
and families with several children have the
right to necessary care.
Motherhood, it is declared, has a pnor claim
to the protection of the state.
Illegitimate children shall be placed under
the same bodily, spiritual and social condi-
tions as legitimate ones, and youth must be
protected from moral, spiritual or physical
nCA long list of the rights of German citizens
comes next. The list includes the right to hold
gatherings, to belong to societies and organiza-
tions or social, political and religious groups.
It is declared that petty officials appointed for
life may not be discharged unless complaints
against them are first submitted to them.
Church and Schools.
Under religion, the constitution declares that
all citizens of Germany shall enjoy complete
freedom of belief and conscience. No state
church exists and religion plays no part in
citizenship.
It is provided that there must be universal
attendance at school for a period of eight years
and that pupils must attend advanced schools
until 18. It will not be necessary to pay tui-
tion and state aid will be given needy pupils
and their families. Private schools can be
run only with government permission.
All schools, it is provided, must make an
effort to educate their students in the spirit of
the German people and in the spirit of recon-
ciliation with the peoples of the world. In-
struction in constitutional government and
manual labor is obligatory in all schools.
When the constitution was promulgated Aug.
13 President Friedrich Ebert appointed Pre-
mier Gustav Bauer imperial chancellor and is-
sued a decree requiring all public officials and
defense forces to take the oath under the new
basic law.
LIEBKNECHT REVOLT.
At the close of 1918 the German soldiers'
and workmen's councils, then in power, trans-
ferred the legislative and executive power to
the "people's commissioners" headed by Fried-
rich Ebert until a national assembly could be
elected. Th°re WPS much disorder, caused
chiefly hy th^ so-onll«d RpprtTpns led by Karl
Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg, whose aim
was to overthrow the majority socialist gov-
ernment and establish the power of the revo-
lutionary proletariat." Pitched battles oc-
curred in the streets of Berlin between thes«
elements and the government forces commanded
by Gustav Noske, and many lives were lost.
The fighting was especially severe during the
second week in January. 1919. when the
"reds" were in possession of certain points in
the central part of the capital. The govern-
ment forces finally prevailed and established
order after summarily executing large num-
bers of the rebels. There was some disorder
in other cities, but it was easily suppressed.
On Jan. 15 Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Lux-
embourg- were captured at the Hotel Eden.
The former was shot and killed by his guard*
because he made an attempt to escape as he
was being taken to the Moabit prison. Rosa
Luxembourg abput the same time was beaten
to death by an infuriated mob. That was the
story sent out by the authorities. The fact
of the death of the two agitators was con-
firmed, but doubt remained as to the exact
manner in which their lives were taken.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.
Election of members to the national assem-
bly took place Jan. 19 and resulted in a vic-
tory for the government. The independent so-
cialists. Spartacans and other radicals and the
imperialists were badly beaten. The majority
socialists won 164 seats, the Christian people's
party 88. the democrats 77 and the German
national party 34.
Weimar was chosen as the place of meeting1
for the national assembly and there it began
its sessions on Feb. 6 with Eduard David as
temporary president. The unruly elements in
various parts of the government kept Gustav
Noske and his army busy, but the assembly
went on with its work undisturbed. A pro-
visional constitution was adopted empowering
the assembly to adopt a permanent constitu-
tion, to elect a national president by a ma-
jority vote and to create a "committee of
state." or quasi second chamber. On Feb. 11
Friedrich Ebert was elected president of the
German republic, receiving 277 votes out of
379 in the assembly. A new cabinet wa»
chosen with Philip Scheidemann as chancellor.
Konstantin Fehrenbach was chosen permanent
president of the assembly.
In February and March the life of the re-
public was threatened by uprisings of various
kinds and in various places, especially in Ba-
varia, but through it all President Ebert and
Commander Noske remained unshaken. The
reds tried to foment rebellion by means of
strikes in all the larger cities, but without suc-
cess. In Berlin in the course of the first week
in March 1.000 persons were killed or wounded
in street fighting. Gustav Noske issued an
order that all persons caught in armed oppo-
sition to the government should be executed
without trial. The order was obeyed. The
second week in March saw more street fight-
ing. On the afternoon of March 14. 220
men were lined up in the Moabit prison and
shot to death with machine guns. In Halle
fifty-five persons were killed and 170 wounded
in riots, while 280 persons were arrested for
pillaging, the stolen property being valued at
84.500.000. In Frankfort-on-the-Main several
hundred persons were killed in rioting on
April 1.
The arrival of American food ships in the
latter part of March and in April relieved the
food shortage to some extent, but rioting- did
not cease. In the latter part of June there
were serious disorders in Hamburg and Ber-
lin.
Friedrich Ebert took the oath as imperial
president in the national theater in Weimar
Aner. 31.
Hugo Haase. leader of the independent so-
cialist party, was shot by an insane Austrian
named Johann Voas on Oct. 8 and died from
his wounds Nov. 7.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
727
EVENTS IN BAVARIA.
Munich, capital oi Bavaria, was the scene
of much political turmoil and bloodshed in
1919. On Feb. 21 Kurt Eisner, the premier,
was shot and killed while on his way to the
landtag- by Count Arco Valley, a former of-
ficer of the Prussian g-uards. On the same day
Herr Auer, minister of the interior, was assas-
sinated in the landtag-. Deputy Osel was killed
at the same time and two other Bavarian
officials were wounded. Eisner was a socialist
of the radical type and had been opposed to
the Ebert government. In April the com-
munists obtained control of Munich in spite
of the efforts of the Bavarian prime minister,
Herr Hoffmann, and established a soviet gov-
ernment under the leadership of Max Levien.
The peasants of Bavaria remained loyal to
Hoffmann, who transferred the seat of govern-
ment from Munich to Nuremberg1, whence he
directed a military campaign against the
Munich reds, who were turned out of power
May 1. Before going the communist leader
took revenge by killing: a number of hostages,
including- Prince Albert of Thurn and Taxis.
Pnnce yon Wrede, Privy Councilor Albert
Doederlein. Prof. Franz Stuck and others.
On May 3 Her- Eglihofer. commander of the
red army, was shot and killed after being1
tried by court-martial. Others implicated in
the killing- of the hostages were executed
with less formality, some being beaten to
death by mobs. Max Levien made his escape.
Fritz Seidl and five others were tried, found
guilty and executed Sept. 19,
FREE STATE OF SAXONY.
Th« new chamber of deputies of the "free
etate oi Saxony" met Feb. 25 and elecied
Julius Frassdorf, a majority socialist, as pres-'
ident. Dr. Diestel. a German democrat, was
elected first vice-president, and Deputy Lipin-
sky. independent socialist, second vice-presi-
dent.
THE .RHINE REPUBLIC.
The "Rhine Republic" was proclaimed at
Wiesbaden and other Rhine cities June 1, with.
Dr. Hans A. Dorten at its head* It was re-
ported at the time that the French commander
in the region aided in the movement, which
was not regarded seriously.
AMERICAN TROOPS IN BERLIN.
American soldiers in uniform were seen on
the streets of Berlin at various times in the
early spring and summer of 1919. They were
there in connection with several American mis-
sions having business in the city. Owing to
the hostility shown by the people they re-
mained most of the time in the hotels where
they were quartered.
THE FORMER KAISER AND CROWN
PRINCE.
Holland continued to be a haven of refuge
for the former emperor and crown prince of
Germany. William II. remained at Amer-
ongen as the guest of Count von Bentinck,
though he purchased a new home at Doom
into which he intended to move at the close
of the year. The allies and especially Britain
insisted that he would be tried before some
international court for his part in the war.
but the delay in ratifying the treaty of peace
with Germany prevented any definite steps
from being taken up to Dec. 1. 1919.
Former Crown Prince Frederick William re-
mained at Wieringen. Holland.
SINN FEIN ACTIVITY IN IRELAND.
In the British general elections in December.
1918, the Sinn Fein party in Ireland were the
winners in seventy-three parliamentary constit-
uencies, but the men chosen refused to go to
Westminster. They claimed that the election
was an act of self-determination and that their
choice was an Irish parliament in an Irish
republic. On Dec. 28, 1918, it was announced
that the Irish republic had come into existence
and that an independent delegation to the peace
conference in Paris would be sent.
On Jan. 21, 1919. twenty-five Sinn Fein
members of parliament assembled in Dublin
and constituted themselves into the "Dail
Eireann," or "Irish parliament." They elected
Charles Burgess speaker and appointed Count
Horace Plunkett, Arthur Griffiths and Prof.
Edward de Valera a committee to present the
claims of Ireland at the peace conference. Both
De Valera and Griffiths were in prison at the
time, but the former escaped Feb. 3 and later
in the year came to the United States to plead
the cause of the renublic, of which he was
elected temporary president at a private ses-
sion of the parliament in Dublin April 5. A
declaration of independence was issued at the
meeting on Jan. 21.
De Valera visited Chicago July 12-13 and
spoke at the Cubs' bajl park to a gathering
of 25,000 persons. He made several tours of
the country gathering funds and making
friends for his republic.
The British government did not, of course,
recognize the republic but so long as it did
not try to assume real powers and functions
did not interfere with it. The authorities,
however, applied the provisions of the defense
of the realm act to such things as drilling,
selling bonds of the republic and the like. The
Sinn Feiners were credited with numerous kill-
ings of policemen in Ireland and raids on
military barracks for the securing of arms and
ammunition, and consequently public gather-
ings, fairs and the like were prohibited.
Steps were taken in November, 1919, by the
British cabinet, through a committee ap-
pointed for that purpose, to present a new
home rule plan for Ireland.
JAPANESE-KOREAN CONFLICT.
Korea, chafing under the rule of Japan, be-
gan early in 1919 a movement for self-de-
termination or independence. It spread quickly
and the Japanese determined to suppress it
with severity. Demonstrations took place in
Seoul and in the provinces and led to clashes
with the military, resulting in 'the killing of
351 persons and the wounding of 734, a few
Japanese figuring in the casualties. American
missionaries, it was claimed, were beaten and
insulted and other sericus charges were made
against the Japanese local authorities. These
disturbances occurred in the latter part of
March and the first part of April.
Measures were taken by the Japanese gov-
ernment to introduce a more humane form of
government in Korea. An imperial rescript is-
sued in Tokyo Aug. 19 provided for ^ certain
amount of self-government or home rule and
the military government was succeeded by a
civil one. The reforms announced did not
satisfy the Koreans, who resumed their demon-
strations in September, without, however,
causing any serious disturbances.
728
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
DECORATIONS AWARDED TO CHICAGO SOLDIERS.
In the following1 list of medals, crosses and
other decorations awarded to soldiers living
in Chicago or its vicinity there are doubtless
many omissions, although both the reports
made from day to day by the war depart-
ment and those made later by the command-
ing- officers of certain Chicago units have
been used. Many Chicagoans served with the
British and the French and the honors won
by them have not been recorded except in
a few instances.
The following1 abbreviations have been need
to indicate the various kinds of decorations
bestowed :
A. C. ol A. M.— Aero Club of America Medal.
C. de G. (Fr.)— Croix de Guerre (French).
C. de G. (Bel.)— Croix de Guerre (Belgian).
C. L. of H. — Commander Legion of Honor,
France.
C. M. of H.— Congressional Medal of Honor.
United States.
C. of St. G. — Cross of St. George. England.
D. C. M.— Distinguished Conduct Medal. Brit-
ish
D. F. C.— Distinguished Flying Cross. British.
D. M.— Decoration Militaire. Belgium.
D. S. C.— Distinguished Service Cross. Amer-
ican.
D. S. M.-JDistinguished Service Medal. Amer-
ican.
D. S. O.— Distinguished Service Order. British.
I. W. C.— Italian War Cross.
L. of H. — Legion of Honor, France.
M. C.— Military Cross. British.
M. M. (Br.)— Military Medal, British.
M. M. (Fr.)— Medaille Militaire. French.
O. of L.— Order of Leopold, Belgium.
SOME EXCEPTIONAL HONORS.
The congressional medal of honor, the
highest military decoration of the United
States and awarded only for "conspicuous
rallantry and intrepidity above and beyond
the call of duty." was given on the recom-
mendation of Gen. Pershing to the following
Chicago soldiers:
Corporal Jake Allex. company H, 131st in-
fantry. 4350 South Ashland avenue, Chicago,
former stockyards policeman, took command
of his platoon when the comr_ander was
•wounded and. pushing forward on a ma-
chine gun nest, bayoneted five Germans, and
when the bayonet broke used the butt of his
rifle, capturing the remainder of the crew.
First Sergeant Johannes S. Anderson. 4864
West Ferdinand street. Chicago, company B.
133d infantry, silenced and captured a ma-
chine gun nest unaided and brought back
twenty-three prisoners.
Private John J. Kelly. 6149 Kimball avenue.
Chicago. 78th company, 6th regiment, marine
corps, ran 100 yards through the American
barrage to attack a machine gun nest, killing
the gunner and one of the crew and returning
through the barrage with eight prisoners.
Private Berger Lohman, 1838 North Spaul-
ding avenue, Chicago, company H, 132d in-
fantry, captured single handed a machine gun
blocking the advance of his company and
turned it on the retreating enemy.
Corporal Thomas A. Pope, company E. 131st
infantry. 6945 Overhill avenue. Chicago.
Rushed machine gun single handed, bayoneted
several of the crew. and. standing astride the
gun. kept the remainder of the enemy de-
tachment at bay until the arrival of re-en-
forcements which killed or captured the rest
of the enemy.
Foreman Citation.
With the award of the distinguished serv-
ice medal to Col. Milton J. Foreman, com-
manding the 122d field artillery, came the
following citation:
"Commanding the 122d field artillery, he
gave proof of eminent technical attainments
and assiduous zeal. Though handicapped by
many adverse conditions, due to difficult ter-
rain and determined hostile resistance, he
kept his batteries in close support of the in-
fantry and thereby rendered services of in-
estimable value during the St. Mihiel offensive
and the advance to the Meuse in the last
phase of the Meuse-Argonne offensive."
Sanborn Citation.
In awarding the distinguished service medal
to Col. Joseph B. Sanborn. Gen. Pershing gave
him the following citation:
Order No. 2830. The commander in chief,
in the name of the president, has awarded •
distinguished service medal to you for ex-
ceptionally meritorious and distinguished serv-
ices as set forth below:
"Col. Joseph B. Sanborn, U. S. A., com-
mander of the 131st infantry, during all of
its campaigns against the enemy displayed
military leadership of a high order. His un-
remitting zeal and practical ekill were largely
responsible for the success of his regiment in
combat."
Dawes Citation.
Marshal Foch of France in bestowing upon
Brig.-Gen. Charles G. Dawes the war cross
cited him as follows in official orders of th«
day:
"During the course of operations in .1918
Gen. Dawes obtained a complete union of
supplies between the American and French
armies. By his breadth of spirit and his con-
stant effort to put upon a common basis the
resources of the two armies, he permitted to
be realized under the best possible conditions
a community of effort which resulted in the
victory over the Germans."
" REPORTED BY WAR DEPARTMENT.
Allex. Corporal Jake, 4350 South Ashland
avenue— C. M. of H.; D. S. C.; M. M. (Fr.).
C. de G. (Fr.).
Ammons. George H., 164 South Western
avenue— D. S. C.
Anderson. Capt. Guy V., 4616 North Win-
chester avenue— C. de G. (Fr.).
Anderson. Sergt. Johannes S., 4854 West
Ferdinand street: C. M. of H.
Anderson. Thomas (deceased)— D. S. C.
Babst, Chaplain Julius J.. Naperville — D. S. C.
Ballard. Col. George S.. Evanston— C. L. of H.
Barber, Capt. Norman E.. 6042 Vernon ave-
nue— D. S. C.
Barker, Joseph S.. 4633 Greenwood avenue—
C. de G. (Fr.).
Barnett, Capt. Irving F.. 3816 Wilson avenue
— TVC C
Baxry, Corporal Edward (deceased). 2336
Ridgeway avenue — D. S. C.
Bartholf. Lieut. Herbert B., Glencoe— D. 8. C.
Baur. John G.. Effingham, 111.— D. S. C.
Baxter. Maj. William M.. 611 Fullerton park-
Beafo, Corporal John, 2209 North Karlov
avenue — D. S. C.
Behr. William H.. 7331 Perry avenue— C. de
G (Fr )
Benson. Lieut. Walter. 427 North Central
Park avenue— D. S. C.
Berlander. Sergt. Albert M., 433 North Rock-
well street— C. de G. (Fr.).
Berry. Maj. George W.. 5337 Harper avenue—
Bessinger. Corporal Edward (deceased), 1427
Rhine street— D. S. C.
Bieryta. Michael (deceased)— D. S. C.
Bird, Felix. 2222 South Albany avenue— D. S. C.
Blech. Gustave M.. Columbus Memorial build-
ing—L. of H.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Blumenthal, A. L. (deceased), 6130 Evans
avenue— D. S. C.
Bogert. Maj. Gilbert P.. 1219 North State
street; D. S. C.; I. W. C.
Boley. Wilson, 6158 University avenue— C. de
Bow ski. ' Sergt. Theodore. 1848 West 39th
street— C. de G. (Fr.).
Breakey, Sergrt. John— D. S. C.
Bremner, Frank M., 4728 North Ashland
avenue— D. S. C.
Brown, Corporal Paul R., 7229 Prairie avenue
— C. de G. (Fr.).
Bruno. Tony. 528 West 28th street— I. W. C.
Burchill. George H., 7067 Hillsdale avenue—
D. S. C.
Butterfleld. Lieut. Jack, Evanston— C. de G.
(Fr.).
Cadman, Corporal John P.. 523 South Lom-
bard avenue, Oak Park— €. de G. (Fr.).
Carlson, Lieut. Walter C., 5400 Iowa street;
D. S. C.
Carlson. Charles G., 223 West 112th street—
D. S. C.
Carlson, Swen, 4329 North Crawford avenue —
D. S. C.
Carlton, Lieut. Harry P., 4723 Sheridan road
— L. of H.
Carpenter, Ben.. Jr.. 222 East Delaware place—
C. de G. (Fr.).
Carson, Sergrt. James Leroy. 4717 Kenwood
avenue — C. de G. (Fr.).
Cassaga, Sergt. Samuel E., 1023 Thompson
street— D. S. C.
Cassard, Lieut. Daniel W. (deceased)— C. de
G. (Fr.).
Cecilia, Louis, 554 Taylor street-D. 8. C.;
Chadwick, Capt. Harry R., 24 South St. Louii
avenue— D. S. C.
Chamness. Capt. Earl R., 818 East 75th Btreet
— M. C.
Chapman, Capt. Shelby, 1132 East 55th street
— C.deG. (Fr.) : I. W. C.: C. of St. G.: M.M.
Cheevers, Sergt. Earl J., 117 Columbia avenue
— D. S. C.
Christiansen, Lieut. Henry, 4828 Hutchinson
street— D. S. C.
Christofferson, Capt. Edward A.. 2754 Wash-
ington boulevard — M. C.
Clark, Coleman, University of Chicago — C. de
G. (Fr.).
Clark, Harold. University of Chicago— C. de
G. (Fr.).
Collins, Lieut. Sewell. Evanston— M. C.
Conover, Lieut. Harvey, Hinsdale — D. S. C.;
C. de G. (Fr.).
Cotton, Lieut. J. O., 4921 Sheridan road—
C. de G. (Fr.).
Courtney, Sergt. Frank R.. 1461 West 10th
street— C. de G. (Fr.).
Croll, Georgre H., 1524 Main street. Evanston—
D.S. C.
Cullen. Corporal Michael J., 539 North Albany
avenue — D. S. C.
Cunning-ham. Lieut. Oliver B. (deceased). 1318
Forest avenue, Evanston — D. S. C.
Curtis. Corporal Nathan M., 557 Monticello
avenue: D. S. C.
Darche. Lieut. Harris A. (chaplain). 2745
Gidding-s street; C. L. of H.
Darg-is, Joseph A.— D. S. C.
Davis, Col. Abel, 1400 Milwaukee avenue—
D. S. C.
Dawes. Brig-. -Gen. Charles Gates, Evanston —
D. S. M.; C. L. of H.; O. of L.
Deford. Corporal August H.. 6301 South Park
avenue— D. S. C.
Deiss, Paul A., 33 West Monroe street (de-
ceased ) — -Cit ation.
Delano, Lieut.-Col. Frederick A.— L. of H.
De Smidt, Corporal John, 3409 Belmont ave-
nue—D. S. C.
De Vos. Peter A., 1211 East 55th Btreet—
D. S. C.
Diekema. Maj. Willis A.— D. S. C.
Dillon, Lieut. Raymond P., 6839 Prairie ave-
nue—D. S. C.
Dodd. Maj. Brandon J., 5354 Calumet avenue
— D. S. C.
Dorey. Col. Halsted— C. de G. (Fr.); D. S. C.
Dorsey. Lieut. George, 1124 East 52d street—
C. de G. (Fr.) ; D. S. C.
Drechsel. George, 2533 North Marshfield ave-
nue— D. S. C.
Duff. Philip— D. S. C.
Duffy, Lieut. Mark. 6604 Newgard avenue—
D. S. C.
Dunford, John H., Lake Forest— C. de G. (Fr.).
Dwyer, Corporal Joseph D., 1536 Fargo ave-
nue—C. de G. (Fr.).
Edwards, Corporal Norman E., 4012 West
Congress street— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
Ellis, Leo R., 3532 South Wood Btreet— C. de
G. (Fr.).
Elwood, J. H., 654 Lincoln avenue— C. de
G. (Fr.).
Emerson, Corporal Harlow B., 720 Clark street,
Evanston— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
Erwin, Lieut. W. P.. 6054 Woodlawn avenue—
D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).; A. C. of A. M.
Fagra. Lieut. W. H., 1134 North Franklin
street— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.) ; L. of H.;
M. M. (Fr.).
Feeney. Patrick (deceased). 706 North La-
Salle street— D. S. C.
Felton, S. M. (civilian)— D. S. C.; C. L. ol H.;
Field. Capt. Marshall— Citation.
Fields, Corporal James C. — D. 8. C.; C. d«
G. (Fr.).
Fisher, Capt. Erie, 118 East Grand avenue—
D. S. C.
Fishleigh, Lieut. Clarence, 4537 North Robey
street— C. de G. (Fr.).
Flagg, Daniel S., 1411 Marquette road— D, B.C.
Foley. Corporal James P.— C. de G. (Fr.).
Foreman. Col. Milton J., 743 North Michigan
avenue — D. S. M.
Fox. Capt. Charles M.? 338 North Central
avenue— D. S. C.
Francisco, Sergt. John, 3157 Division street—
D. S. C.
Frank. Lieut. William P.. 2349 Michigan
avenue — D. S. C.
Gatanio. Corporal Isaac, 1208 Washburne
avenue— D. S. C.
Gibson. Sergt. Hugh, 4306 Forrestville avenue
— D. S. C.
Gibson, Capt. Thomas, 3647 Flournoy street —
D. S. C.: C. de G. (Fr.) ; L. of H.
Gleason, Lieut. John W.. 331 North Austin
avenue— D. S. O.; C. de G. (Fr.).
Goodwillie, Sergt. Herrick R.. 228 Forest
avenue. Oak Park— D. S. C.
Gowenlock, Maj. T. R., 5117 Kimbark avenue
— C. de G. (Fr.); D. S. C.
Graham, Lieut. Percy. 1529 East 66th place—
D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
Grey, Capt. Charles G.— D. S. C.
Gulbrandsen, Lieut. Arvid W. (deceased), 2212
North Keystone avenue— D. S. C.
Gundelach, Lieut. Andre P. (deceased), 5803
Kenmore avenue— D. S. C.
Hall. G. W.. 5709 West Giddings street— D.
S. C.
Harding. Sergt. Michael. 3882 Polk street—
C. de G. (Fr.).
Harmon. Rev. Thomas L. — C. de G. (Fr.).
Hatch, Sidney, 237 Park avenue. River Forest
— D. S. C.
Hayes, Second Lieutenant Frank K.. 2009
West 101st place— D. S. C.
Hebner, Charles, 7243 South Halsted street—
C. de G. (Fr.).
Heimerdinger, Lieut. Charles, 2703 South
Komensky avenue — D. S. C.
Henderson. Lieut. Thomas. 203 Forest avenue.
Oak Park— Citation.
Henry. Sergt. Norman, 5127 South Dearborn
street— D. S. C.
730
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Herter, Edward, 2330 Osgood street— D. S. C.
Hillman, E. E., 3553 South Emerald avenue—
flobschied, Serg-t. Paul, 615 South Park ave-
nue—D. S. C.; M. M.; C. de G. (Fr.).
floeynck. Lieut. Frank J. (deceased). 421
Sherman avenue, Evanston — D. S. C.
Holabird, Lieut.-Col. J. A., 5482 Hyde Park
boulevard— C. de G. (Fr.).
Holmes, Frank B., 612 East 47th street—
D. S. C.; M. M. (Br.) ; M. M. (Fr.) ; C. de
G. (Fr.).
Holzeman, Sidney, 945 East 52d street— D. S. C.
Hopp, Harvey M., Wilmette— D. S. C.
Horner, Maj. David A., 747 Independence
boulevard— M. C.
Howard, Col. N. L.— L. of H.
Howard, Corporal Robert. P., 5118 Prairie
avenue — D. S. C.
Hoy, Henry, 3461 West Madison street— D. S. C.
James, Capt. Dari S., 1233 Granville avenue—
D. S. C.
Jansen. Lieut. Louis B. (deceased), 6130
South Laflin ' street— D. S. C.
Jensen. Ingemann, 3712 Eddy street — D. S. C.
Johnson, Sergt. Swan, 7309 Dorchester avenue
— D. S. C.
Jones, Corporal Harry, 823 Addison street —
D. S. C.
Judah, Lieut.-Col. Noble D.. 2701 Prairie
avenue— C. de G. (Fr.) ; D. S. C.
Junkin, Lieut. William G. (deceased), 7337
Harvard avenue— L. of H.
Kane, Serg-t. Tony W., 1056 Milwaukee avenue
— D. S. C.; M. M. (Fr.).
Keachie, Corporal Edwin F. (deceased), 7142
Parnell avenue — D. S. C.
Keane, Serg-t. C. William— D. S. C.; M. C.
Keenan, Corporal John J., 6342 South Seeley
avenue— D. S. C.
Kellogg-, Corporal Gordon W., 6916 Dorches-
ter avenue— D. S. C.
Kelly, John J., 6149 Kimbark avenue— C. M.
of H.; C. de G. (Fr.); M. M. (Fr.).
Kiley, Maj. Leroy, 3227 Ellis avenue— D. S. C.;
I. W. C.
Kirkbride, Lieut. R. C.. Evanston— C. de G.
(Fr.).
Kniskern, Col. Albert D., 1819 West 39th
street— D. S. M.
Korsyske, George (deceased), 8419 Brandon
avenue— D. S. C.
Krueger, Arthur. 2117 Racine avenue— D. S. C.:
C. de G. (Fr.).
Lamb, Joseph C., 6640 Maryland avenue—
C. de G. (Fr.).
Lamont, Col. Robert P., 1722 Judson avenue
Evanston — D. S. M.
Landis, Capt. Reed— D. F. C.
Larson, Sergt. Walter, 76 Michigan avenue —
C. de G. (Fr.).
Lee, Lieut. John C. (deceased), 5437 Ken-
more avenue — D. S. C.
Lee, Noble W., 5616 Kenwood avenue — C. de
G. (Fr.).
Liljeberg, Pagnel, 1917 Berwyn avenue— D.S.C.
Lindsay, Robert W., Morris. 111.— D. S. C.
Llewellyn, Capt. Frank A., 5636 Kenwood
avenue— rD. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
Locy, Lieut. Francis, Evanston — C. de G. (Fr.).
Loman, Berger, 1838 North Spaulding avenue
— C. M. of H.
Ludlow, Ensign George H., Evanston— I. W. C.
Lukas, Joseph. 4617 Hermitage avenue—
D. S. C.
Lundegard, Axel C., 638 West 61st street—
D. S. C.
MacDonald, Lieut. E. K., 5604 Dorchester
avenue — C. de G. (Fr.) .
Mallen, John C., 1727 South Karlov avenue—
D S. C.
Manchester, Maj. Percival. 1250 Monadnock
building— D. S. M.
Marshall, Frank E., 3725 Lake Park avenue
— C. de G. (Fr.).
Maxwell, Lieut. Elmer D., 5325 South Dear-
born street— C. de G. (Fr.).
May, Sergt. George J., 4313 Parker avenue—
D. S. C.
McAndrews. Sergt. Edward, 4751 West Austin
avenue — D. S. C.
McCarthy, Sergt. Charles F., 1621 Sheffield
avenue— C. de G. (Fr.).
McCarthy, Thomas J.— C. de G. (Fr.).
McElroy, Capt. J. E.— C. de G. (Fr.).
Mclntyre, Corporal Eugene, 11 Chalmers
place— D. S. C.
McKay, Lieut. James R., Wheaton— D. S. C.
McKey, Lieut. Harold G., 854 Ridge avenue,
Evanston— C. de G. (Fr.).
McMunn, Lieut. Richard L. — D. S. C.
McNamee, Capt. Charles J., 4345 North Her-
mitage avenue— D. S. C.: C. de G. (Fr.).
Mechem, Capt. John C., Lake Forest — I. W. C.
Midkiff, Sergt. H., 8532 Carpenter street—
D. S. C.
Mikos, Corporal John N., 947 West Chicago
avenue— D. S. C.
Miles, Corporal John, 6159 Artesian avenue—
D. S. C.; I. W. C.
Mullen, Lieut. Roger J., 2017 East 72d street
— D. S. C.
Myers, Corporal Irwin— D. S. C.
Myhrman, Capt. Robert E., 1501 Fargo ave-
nue—D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.) with gold star.
NOwlin, Sergt. George A., 819 East 61st
street— D. S. C.
Oakes. Sergt. Bernard F., 317 South 4th
avenue, Maywoocl — C. de G. (Fr.).
O'Donnell, Lieut. John L., 7049 Dante avenue
— D. S. M.
O'Keefe. Corporal Thomas J. (deceased).
7040 Prairie avenue— D. S. C.
O'Kelly, Corporal, 636 Marquette road, East
Chicago— D. S. C.
O'Kelly, Sergt. Tom— D. S. C.
Owen, Harry N., 5940 Eggleston avenue—
C. de G. (Fr.),
Painsipp, Sergt C. C., Batavia, 111.— D. S. C.
Peabody, Walter G., 7029 Eggleston avenue—
O. of L.; D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.); M. C.
Pegues, Lieut. Josiah. 6043 Woodlawn avenue
— D. S. C.
Perkaus, Sergt. Frank L., 2718 South Homan
avenue— D. S. C.
Peters, William. 1608 Cleveland avenue— D.
S. C.
Peterson. Sergt. Van Walker, 533 Arlington
place— D. S. C.
Peterson, Corporal Victor, 1919 Belle Plaine
avenue— D. S. C.
Pillsbury. Maj. Charles S.— L. of H.
Pokorney, Robert, 2453 South Sawyer avenue
— D. S. C.
Polton, Lieut. John R.— C. de G. (Fr.).
Pope. Corporal Thomas A., 6945 Overhill
avenue — C. M. of H.
Powell, Corporal Raymond D.. Joliet — O. of L.
Powers, Edward J., 3940 Arthington street —
D. S. C.
Quinn, Sergt. John M., 815 Buckingham place
— D. S. C.
Rampsch. Sergt. John, 4608 South Wood
street— D. S. C.
Reali, Corporal Mike, 1028 West Polk street
—I. W. C.
Reno, Lieut. Leonard, 5927 Kenmore avenue
— C. de G. (Fr.) ; D. S. C.
Rhodes. Lieut. Carlisle, 733 Rush etreet—
C. de G. (Fr.); D. S. C.
Rivers, Sergt. Louis— D. S. C.; M. M.; C. de
G. (Bel.).
Rochfort. Sergt. James J., 1472 Indiana ave-
nue—D. S. C.
Ryan, Corporal Claude, 1827 North Albany
avenue — D. S. C.
Ryan, Frank W., 1212 Eddy street— D. S. C.
Sabetay, William, 536 Aldine square— D. S. C.;
C. de G. (Fr.).
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
731
Samuel. E. M.. Jr.. Lake Forest--C. de G.
Samuel. Lieut. Harold N., Lake Forest--C. de
G. (Fr.) .
Sanborn, Col. Joseph B., 1414 Hinman avenue,
Evanston — O. of L. ; D. S C • D S M •
D. S. O.; L. of H.; C. de G. (Fr.) with pafml
Sattler, Corporal William J., 3346 North Troy
street— D. S. C.
Sawyer, Corporal Albert E., 3313 West 12th
street— C. de G. (Fr.).
Schiesswohl. Capt. Ralph L., 3651 Oakdale
avenue— C. de G. (Fr.).
Sebolt, John I.. 1039 South Claremont avenue
— C. de G. (Fr.).
Shantz. Lieut. Joseph E., Wilmette— D. S. C.:
C. de G. (Fr.).
Shapiro, Corporal Eli, 1833 South St. Louis
avenue— D. S. C.
Shaug-hnessy, Lieut.-Col. Edward H., 442
North Parkside avenue— D. S. C.
Simon. Sergt. Frank J. (deceased). LaGrang-e
111.— D. S. C.
Skosrsburgr, Sergt. Vivian— D. S. C.
Smith, John F.. Downers Grove. Ill— D. S. C.
Smith. Sergl. Martin E.. 3346 West Gladys
avenue— D. S. C.
Smotherman, Horace, 3803 Elmwood avenue —
D. S. C.
Ste'ele, Second Lieutenant Richard W., 426
Euclid avenue. Oak Park— D. S. C.
Strong*. SfcTgt. E. H.. 57 East Division street —
C. de G. <Fr.).
Sullivan, Corporal Joseph J., 6331 Loomis
boulevard— D. S. C.
Swabey, Corporal Frederick — C. de G. (F^.
Taylor, Lieut. Harvey J., 3761 South Wabash
avenue — C. de G. (Fr.).
Templeton. Lieut. Charles K., Oak Park—
D. S. C.
Ternig-, Serg-t. Jacob B., 3344 Southport ave-
nue— D. S. C.
Thomas. Serg-t. Carr M.. 745 Lincoln park-
way— D. S. C.
Thorne, Robert J. (civilian)— D. S. C.
Tinker. Sergl. -Maj. Chester A., Gary, Ind.—
C. de G. (Fr.).
Thornycroft, Serg-t. Matthew R.— C. de G.
(Bel.).
Troup. Clarence D., 955 Edg-ecomb place, Chi-
cago— D. S. C.
Tiirner. Lieut. James A. (deceased), 1711 East
72d street— D. S. C.
Vail, Lieut. William H.. 1535 South Paulina
street— D. S. C.
Walsh. Theodore. 530 Laramie avenue — D.S.C.
Warfield. Li^ut. William J., 3517 Prairie
avenue — D. S. C.
Washa. Serg-t. James J., 2785 Princeton ave-
nue—D. S. C.
Waterhouse, John H.. 3203 Franklin boule-
vard—D. S. C.
Watkum. Mechanic Anton J., 1934 South
Union 'avenue — M. M. (Br.).
Webber. Serg-t. G^org-e B., 543 South Ashland
avenue— D. S. C.
Weinberg-er. Corporal Adolph. 5913 Calumet
avenue— C. de G. (Fr.).
Weimer. Capt. H. H.. 5001 North Western
avenue— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
White. Nathaniel C. (deceased), 514 East
36th street— D. S. C.
Weiss, Fred R., 2411 Winnemac avenue —
DSC
Wiberg-, Serg-t. Alvin, 3740 North Central Park
avenue — D. S. C.
Wig-grlesworth, Capt. Robert. 839 Crescent place
— D. S. C.
Winslow, Lieut. Alan, River Forest— C. de
G. (Fr.) ; D. S. C.
Wrig-ht, Lieut. William K., 762 Charles street
— C. de G. (Fr.).
131ST U. S. INFANTRY (OLD 1ST I. N. G.).
Officers.
Col. Joseph B. Sanborn— D. S. C.; D. S. O.; O.
of L. (officer); L. of H. (officer); C. de G.
with palm; D. S. M.
Ma^Francis M. Allen— C. de G., with bronze
Capt. William M. Wilson— C. de G., with bronze
star.
First Lieutenant Walter U. Beauvais— D S C
First Lieutenant H. A. Dickson— D S C '
First Lieutenant Albert G. Jefferson— D. S. C.:
3M. C.
First Lieutenant Henry N. Pride— D S C
First Lieutenant Norman A. Schwald— C de G
with bronze star.
First Lieutenant Joseph E. Shantz— D S C •
C. de G.
First Lieutenant Herman H. Weimer— D S C •
C. de G. with palm.
Second Lieutenant Henry J. Dick— D S C
Second Lieutenant Hardin F. Horton— D S C
Second Lieutenant John C. Lee— D S C'
Second Lieutenant George W. Sherwood— M. C.
Enlisted Men— Sergeants.
Lawrence S. Riddle— C de G
5SSL ?r£afcP- S- C.: M. M". (Br.): C. de G.
Herrick Goodwillie — D. S C
George B. Gourley— D. S C.; M M. (Br )
Benjamin H. Harrell— D S C
James Jackson— D. S. C.
Swan E. Johnson — D S C
William C. Jones— D. S. C.; O. de G.. with sil-
ver star.
James E. Krum— D. S C.: M M (Br )
George J. May— D. S C
Sidney C. MoGuire— D S. C • M M (Br )
Walter C. Peabody— M. M. (Br.) ; D S 'c' • C
de G. (Bel.) ; C. de G. with gold star.
John C. Perrie— C. de G. (Fr.O with g-old star.
Van Walker Peterson— D. S. C
William Piepho— C. de G. (Fr'.).
James B. Powers — D S C
Louis R. Rivers— M. M. (Br.) ; D S. C • C de
G. (Bel.).
James J. Rochfort— D S C.
William B. Scholes— D. 'S. C.: M M (Br.) •
C. de G. (Fr.) with palm
Vivian Skogsburg— D. S. C
Matthew Thornycroft— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.) :
C. de G. (Bel.).
Thomas J. Walsh— D. S C.
James J. Washa— D. S. C
William Woodsmall— D S. C; C. de G (Fr )
with palm.
Enlisted Men— Corporals.
Jake Allex— C. M. of H.; D. C. M • M M
(Fr.); C. de G. (Fr.).
John Beato — D. S. C
Charles H. Boyatt— D. S. C
Nathan M. Curtis— D. S. C.'
Roy T. Dixon— D. S. C.
Solomon C. Fairman— C. de G. (Fr.) with »alm
John L. Flynn— D. S. C.: C. de G. (Fr )
Paul Hobschied— D. S. C.; D C. M.; M. M
(Fr.) ; C. de G. (Fr.) .
Robert P. Howard— D. S. C.
Frank P. Koerper— D. S. C.
Walter N. Larson— M. M. (Br.).
Nathan M. Lieberman— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.)
Stephen M. Ma nee— D S. C.: D. C. M.
Tohn F. Mile?— D. S. C.
Frank L. Mills— M. M. (Br.).
John J. O'Keefe— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.) with
silver star.
Gus Paluback— D. S. C .
Thomas. Pope— C. M. of H.: D C M.; M. M.
(Fr.) : C. de G. (Fr.).
Raymond H Powell— M M. (Br.) ; C. de G.
(Bel.).
Andrew C. Shfbinger— D. S. C.; M M. (Br.).
Carl Somnitz— D. S. C.; M. M. (Br.) .
Fred Swabey— C. de G. (Fr.) .
James L. Waters— D. S. C.
Lester C. Whitson— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.).
732
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Alvin C. Wibergr— D. S. C.
Henry Zyburt— M. M. (Br.).
Mechanic Anton J. Watkin— M. M. (Br.) ; D. S.
C.: D. M. (Bel.).
Enlisted Men— Privates.
William A. Anderson— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.).
Charles C. Bark— D. S. C.; M. M. (Br.) : C. de
G. (Bel.).
William T. Blackwell— M. M. (Br.).
Frank Bremner — D. S. C.
Swen Carlson— D. S. C.
William Curr— M. M. (Br.)
Samuel T. DeBonis— M. M'. (Br.) ; C. de G.
(Bel.).
Christopher C. Dunne— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.) .
Daniel S. Flag-g-— D. S. C.
George F. Gaston— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.).
Leon M. Hanna— D. S. C.
Harry E. Hample— D. S. C.
Harry Heacox— D. S. C.
James W. Hilton— M. M. (Br.) .
Albert Holmes— D. S. C.; M. M. (Br.) : M. M.
(Fr.); C. de G. (Fr.) .
Edward Herter— D. S. C.
Percy B. Jones— D. S. C.
Christopher W. Keane— D. S. C.; M. M. (Fr.).
Easter Keeper— D. S. C.
Frank J. Kostak— D. S. C.; D. C. M.; M. M.
(Fr.): C. de G. (Fr.).
Arthur Krueg-er— D. S. C.: C. de G. (Fr.).
David T. Leahy; M M. (Br.).
Edward Lidwell— D. S. C.
Rag-nar Liljeberg-— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.).
Robert W. Lindsay— D. S. C.
William C. Linaky— D. S. C.; M. M. (Br.).
John C. Mallan— D. S. C.
Leon McBreen— D. S. C.
Charles Micha*lia— D. S. C.; M. M. (Br.).
Adolph Nelgon— D. S. C.
William Peters-J). S. C.: C. de G. (Fr.)
with palm.
Ray Redding-— M. M. (Br.).
Horace Smotherman — D. S. C.
Harry Stokes- 1£. M. (Br.).
J. Sweredo— M. M. (Br.).
Archie F Timblin— D. S. C.
Gordon Wickham— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.).
Will J. Williams— D. S. C.
Dickson Woodward— D. S. C.: M. M. (Br.) ; C.
de G. (Bel.).
Steve Zappa— D. S. C.
Recapitulation.
Decoration. Officers. Others. Total.
American 11 76 , 87
British 3 42 45
French 7 25 32
Belgian 189
Total ~22 151 173
THE 370TH INFANTRY (OLD 8TH I. N. G.).
Officers.
Col. Thomas A. Roberts— D. S. M.
Lieut.-Col. Otis B. Duncan— C. de G. (Fr.).
Maj. James R. White— C. de G. (Fr.).
Capt. William B. Crawford; D. S. C.
Capt. John H. Patton— C. de G. (Fr.).
Capt. John T. Prout— C. de G. (Fr.).
Capt. Samuel R. Gwynne — C. de G. (Fr.) .
Capt. Georgre M. Allen— C. de G. (Fr.).
Capt. James C. Hall— -C. de G. (Fr.)
Capt. Stuart Alexander— C. de G. (Fr.).
Capt. Devere J. Warner— C. de G. (Fr.).
Capt. Matthew Jackson— C. de G. (Fr.).
Capt. Charles W. Fillmore— C. de G. (F.).
First Lieutenant B. H. Lee— D. S. C.
First Lieutenant William Warfield— D. S. C.;
C. de G. (Fr.).
First Lieutenant Osceola A. Browning- — C. de
G. (Fr.).
First Lieutenant Park Tancil— C. de G. (Fr.) .
First Lieutenant George Lacey— C. de G. (F.).
First Lieutenant Frank Robinson— C. d3 G.
(Fr.) .
First Lieutenant Claudius Ballard— C. de G.
(Fr.).
First Lieutenant Charles C. Jackson— C. de G.
(Fr.).
First Lieutenant Samuel S. Gordon— C. de G.
(Fr.).
First Lieutenant Robert P. Hurd— C. da G. (Fr.) .
First Lieutenant Harry N. Shelton— C, de G.
(Fr.).
Second Lieutenant Rufus B. Jackson— D. S. C.
Second Lieutenant Stanley B. Norvell— C. de
G. (Fr.).
Second Lieutenant Roy B. Tisdell— C. de G.
(Fr.).
Second Lieutenant Henry C. P. Cheatham— C.
de G. (Fr.).
Second Lieutenant Thomas A. Painter--C. de
G. (Fr.).
Second Lieutenant Lawson Price— C. de G.
(Fr.).
Second Lieutenant Lincoln D. Reid— C. de G.
(Fr.).
Second Lieutenant Elmer J. Myers— C. de G.
(Fr.).
Enlisted Men — Sergeants.
Lester Fossie— D. S. C.
Ralph Gibson — D. S. C.
Charles F. Monroe— D. S. C.
Emmett Thompson — D. S. C.
Norman Henry— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
Robert Barnes — D. S. C.
Clarence R. Gibson— C. de G. (Fr.).
Enlisted Men — Corporals.
Isaac Valley— D. S. C.
Charles T. Brock— C. de G. (Fr.) .
James R. Brown— C. de G. (Fr.).
Lewis Warner— C. de G. (Fr.>.
Joseph Henderson— C. de G. (Fr.).
Maceo A. Tervalon— C. de G. (Fr.) .
William Stevenson— €. de G. (Fr.).
Elmer Laurent— C. de G. (Fr.) .
Enlisted Men— Privates.
Alfred Williamson— D. S. C.
Nathaniel C. White (deceased)— D. 6. C.; C.
de G. (Fr.).
LeRoy Davis— D. S. C.
Tom Powell— D. S. C.
Spirley Irby— D. S. C.
James Fuquay— D. S. C.
Art Johnson— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
William E. Cuff (deceased)— D. S. C.: C. da
G. (Fr.).
William G. Hurdle— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
Harry Pearson— D. S. C.; C. de G. (Fr.).
Alonzo Walton— D. S. C.
Andy McCall— D. S. C.
Robert Pryor— C. de G. (Fr.).
Howard Sheffield— C. de G. (Fr.).
Ulysses Sayles— C. de G. (Fr.).
Cornelius Robinson — C. de G. (Fr.).
Hugh Givens— C. de G. (Fr.).
Charles T. Monroe— C. de G (Fr.).
Rufus Pitts— C. de G. (Fr.).
Deery Brown — C. de G. (Fr.) .
Gilbert Dorscy— C. de G. (Fr.).
Bee McKissie— C. de G. (Fr.).
Jonas Paxton— C. de G. (Fr.) .
Paul Turling-ton— C. de G. (Fr.).
Reed J. Brown— C. de G. (Fr.).
Paul Johnson — C. de G. (Fr.).
Reedy Jones— C. de G. (Fr.).
Alonzo Kellar— C. de G. (Fr.) .
LeRoy Lindsay— C. de G. (Fr.).
Lavery Massey— C. de G. (Fr.).
Josiah Nevers— C. de G. (Fr.).
Ira Taylor-0. de G. (Fr.).
Jesse Ferguson— C. de G. (Fr.) .
THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND.
The Polish republic which came into exis-
tence with the disruption of the Austro-Hun-
g-arian empire in November, 1918, made rapid
progress in 1919 toward stability in the face
of many obstacles, such as lack of food sup-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
733
plies for the people, lack of coal and raw ma-
terials for the factories and lack of money.
It had to keep a large army in. the field
fighting the Russian bolsheviki, the Ukrain-
ians and the Germans. Yet it met all situa-
tions bravely and conditions gradually im-
proved, though they were still difficult to-
ward the ciose of the year.
In January, 1919, Ignace Jan Paderewski. the
noted pianist and patriot, formed a ministry
under the chieftaincy of Gen. Joseph Pileudski
with himself as premier and minister of for-
eign affaire. On Jan. 29 Secretary of State
Lansing, who was in Paris as a member of
the American peace delegation, made public
the following message which he had sent to
Premier Paderewski:
"The president of the United States directs
me to extend to you as secretary of foreign
affairs of the provisional Polish government
his sincere wishes for your success in the
high office which you have assumed, and his
earnest hope that the government of which
you are a part will bring prosperity to the
republic of Poland. It is my privilege to
extend to you at this time my personal greet-
ings and officially to assure you that it will
be a source of gratification to enter into of-
ficial relations with you at the earliest oppor-
tunity to render to your country such aid ae
is possible at this time as it enters upon a
new cycle of independent life, which will be
in due accord with that spirit of friendliness
which has in the past animated the Amer-
ican people in their relations with your coun-
trymen."
Poland's first constitutional assembly began
its work in the Marius institute in Warsaw.
Feb. 9. and on the 22d of the same month
Gen. Pilsudski was made chief of state to ex-
ecute the decisions of the diet. In the
course of the year Premier Paderewski worked
unceasingly for the success of the republic,
vigorously defending its rights before the peace
conference in Paris, securing help for the
starving and trying to frame legislation for
the future welfare of his country. In this
he was assisted by many other Polish pa-
triots not only in the reconstituted Poland
but in the United States and elsewhere.
CHICAGO TROOPS IN THE WAR.
Following are summaries of the work of three
of the city's old national guard regiments.
131ST U. S. INFANTRY (OLD 1ST I. N. G.).
[From "The 131st U. S. Infantry in the World
War."]
Major Operations.
Somme Offensive— Aug. 8 to 19. 1918.
Grossaire Wood and Chipilly Ridge offensive—
Grossaire Wood and Chipilly Ridge defensive
—Aug. 11 to 13.
Eitnehem-Bray defensive— Aug. 13 to 20.
Argonne-Meuse Offensive— Sept. 26 to Nov. 11,
1 O1 ft
Bois des Forges offensive— Sept. 26.
Bois des Forges sector defensive— Sept. 27 to
Bois de Chaume offensive— Oct. 8 to 9.
Bois de Chaume and Bois du Plat Chene of-
fensive— Oct. 10.
Bois de Chaume and Bois du Plat Chene de-
fensive—Oct. 11 to 19.
Other Operations.
Defense of Sectors —
Defense of Vaden line under British 3d corps
-^7une 23 to July 11. 1918.
Defense of Baizieux sector under British 3d
corps— July 17 to Aug. 7.
Defense of Albert sector— July 24 to Aug. 6.
Defense of Verdun sector (Mort Homme) —
Defense of Troyon-sur-Meuse sector— Oct. 23
to Nov. 8.
Local Engagements —
Attack on Hamel— July 4.
First raid on St. Hilaire— Nov. 8.
Second raid on St. Hilaire— Nov. 9.
Attack on Bois les Haute Epines— Nov. 10.
Attack on La Vachere Bois— Nov. 10.
Attack on Bois de Warville— Nov. 10.
Attack on Bois d'Harville — Nov. 10.
Attack on Le Vieux Bois— Nov. 10.
Attack on Bugneville — Nov. 11.
Casualties.
Killed or
Battle. died of wounds. Wounded. Total.
Amiens sector defense . . 6 36 42
Attack on Hamel 15 92 107
Grossaire Wood and Chi-
pilly Ridge 70 476 546
Somme defensive 26 318 344
Defense Verdun sector
Bois des Forges 21 155 176
Killed or
Battle. died of wounds. Wounded. Total.
Vilosnes-Consenvoye 12 50 62
Bois de Chaume, attack.. 60 424 484
Bois de Chaume, defense. 17 126 142
Vilosnes-Consenvoye. de-
fensive 4 384 388
Troyon sector 25 171 196
Accidental 4 4 8
Not placed 2 8 10
Total 262 2.244 2,506
There were 287 men severely wounded, 1.-
008 slightly wounded. 49 severely gassed, 894
slightly gassed and 6 shell shocked.
THE 132D INFANTRY (OLD 2D I. N. G.)
The 132d infantry, commanded by Col. Abel
Davis, saw a great deal of fighting in France
and many decorations were awarded to the
officers and men for valor in action. The
names of most of these will be found in the
list as reported by the war department. Five
congressional medals of honor were awarded
to the regiment, four of them for bravery in
the battle of the Bois des Forges. These
were Capt. George H. Mallon, company E;
First Sergeant Sydney G. Gumpertz, company
E: Private Burger Lohman, company H. and
Sergeant Willis Sandin, company H, The 132d
regiment lost eleven commissioned officers end
263 enlisted men in the war, most of them
being killed in action or dying from wounds.
The high points in the regiment's history
are:
May 24. 1918 — Arrived at Brest. France, dis-
embarking two days later and arriving by
train at British training area, around Oise-
mont June 1.
June 10 — Hiked to Gamaches training area.
July 4— Participated in Australian attack at
Vaire woods and Hamel.
Aug. 6 — Participated in capture of Albert.
Aug. 24 — Moved to American area, regimental
headquarters at Resson.
Sept. 6— Attached to French 2d army, head-
quarters at Bois Brule.
Sept. 9— Part of American 3d army corps, re-
lieving French 408th infantry regiment in
Mort Homme sector.
Sept. 26 — Pivot of American 1st army attack
north of Verdun, making five kilometer
(three mile) advance through Bois des
Forges. Relieved Oct. 4.
Oct. 6— /Third battalion attached to American
4th division, taking part in capture of Bois
de Foret. Relieved Oct. 14.
734
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Oct. 8 — Crossed Meuse as part of French 17th
corps, attacking in Consenvoye, Bois de Cou-
senvoye. Bois de Chaume and Plat Chene.
Relieved Oct. 10.
Oct. 26 — Took place of American 316th regi-
ment in Troyon area. Relieved Nov. 6.
Nov. 11 — Cessation of hostilities: regiment oc-
cupying outpost positions.
108TH AMMUNITION TRAfN (7TH I. N. G.).
[By E. R. T.]
The 108th ammunition train, commanded
by Lieut.-Col. Walter J. Fisher, was organized
from the old 7th Illinois infantry in October,
1917, at Camp Logjn, Texas. Coming to
France the early part of 1918 it trained at
Vuillafans. department of the Doubs. Left
its training area for the Toul sector Aug. 24
and operated in that portion of the line di-
rectly behind Montsec up to and including the
first two days of the big American offensive
on the St. Mihiel salient. Left this front
Sept. 14, moving to new station at Brabant-
en-Argonne. Upon arrival there it immedi-
ately began the task of furnishing ammuni-
tion to the batteries of the 5ttth field artil-
lery brigade, with which organization this
regiment served throughout all its operations.
Through a very trying campaign, beginning
Sept. 26, the opening- date of the great Meuse-
Arg-onne offensive, and working through to
the termination of hostilities on Nov. 11. the
regiment, under extremely trying conditions,
lack of motor transportation, very poor roads
and violent enemy shell fire, succeeded at all
times in keeping more than the necessary sup-
ply of ammunition on hand for the batteries
of the three artillery regiments of the brigade.
In these operations the regiment lost twelve
men killed in action, thirty-nine wounded, and
nineteen died of wounds or other causes.
MILITARY FORCES OF ILLINOIS.
GENERAL OFFICERS.
Commander in chief — Gov. Frank O. Lowden.
The Adjutant-General — Brig. -Gen. Frank S.
Dickson.
Adjutant-General—Col. Richings J. Shand.
Assistant Quartermaster-General— Col. Stephen
O. Tripp.
Inspector-General—Col. Henry Barrett Cham-
berlin, Chicago.
Chief of Ordnance— Gen. Frank S. Dickson.
Ordnance Officer— Col. James Ronayne.
Judge Advocate— Maj . Lucius F. Strawn, Chi-
cago.
Surgeon-General—Col. Jacob Frank, Chicago.
ILLINOIS NATIONAL GUARD.
First Brigade (headquarters, Springfield) —
BrigvGen. Frank S. Dickson commanding.
Ninth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Springfield)— Col. Frank L. Taylor com-
manding; Lieut.-Col. Samuel N. Hunter,
Maj. William E. Satterfield. Maj. Charles W.
Russell, Maj. Claude E. Smith.
Tenth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Danville)— Col. Oscar Philip Yeager com-
manding; Lieut.-Col. John H. Lewman, Maj.
John O. Smith. Maj. Henry C. Hill. Maj.
Albert E. Zoller.
Eleventh Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Chicago)— Col. James E. Stuart command-
ing; Lieut.-Col. William E. Swanson. Maj.
John D. Givens, Maj. George R. Harbaugh,
Maj. Samuel H. Vowell.
ILLINOIS RESERVE MILITIA.
First Brigade (headquarters, Chicago)— Brig.-
Gen. LeRoy T. Steward commanding; Maj.
A. G. Daughaday, inspector-general; Maj.
George R. Linn, quartermaster-general;
Maj. William T. Church, ordnance officer
and inspector of small arms; Lieut.-Col.
Julius R. Kline, judge advocate.
First Regiment of Infantry (headquarters.
Chicago)— Col. A. F. Lorenzen command-
ing; Lieut.-Col. Nicholas Budinger; Maj.
Jacob Judson; Maj. Francis W. Parlson, Jr.;
Maj. John William Mary.
Second Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Chicago) — Col. Joseph C. Wilson command-
ing-; Lieut.-Col. Charles A. Alsip; Maj.
William F. Sims, Maj. John P. Hobbs, Maj.
Archibald MacLeish.
Third Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Chicago)— Col. A. L. Bolte commanding;
Lieut.-Col. Thomas F. Howe, Maj. Joseph
M. AUen, Maj. R. Scott Miner, Maj. Oliver
D. Steele.
Fourth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters.
Chicago)— Col. William C. Beckman com-
manding; Lieut.-Col. W. H. Slade; Maj. J.
H. Ireland; Maj. Walter S. Caldwell, Maj.
M. J. Weiland.
Second Brigade (headquarters, Springfield) —
Brig. -Gen. Frank P. Wells commanding.
Fourth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters.
Springfield) — Col. Charles P. Summers com-
manding; Lieut.-Col. Frank R. Simmons,
Maj. Arthur D. Mackie, Maj. LeRoy P.
Owens, Maj. Harold Ward.
Sixth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Oregon)— Col. Franc Bacon commanding;
Lieut.-Col. William H. Brogunier, Maj.
Charles S. Harkison, Maj. Fred L. Dewey.
Maj. Sam W. Gushing.
Seventh Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Springfield)— Col. Hal M. Smith command-
ing; Maj. Lauren W. Coe. Maj. Harry M.
Powell, Maj. Warren A. Hickox.
Eighth Regiment, Depot Organization (head-
quarters, Quincy)— Col. Clare Irwin com-
manding; Lieut.-Col. Robert R. Wallace,
Maj. John Henry Keller, Maj. Thomas H.
Osborne, Maj. James Monroe Reed.
Otis B. Duncan has been commissioned
colonel and Robert A. Byrd major of the
eighth infantry. Illinois national guard, which
is in process 9f formation. Henry B. Reilly has
been commissioned colonel of an artillery reg-
iment of the Illinois national guard which is
to be organized, and Henry A. Allen has
been commissioned colonel of a signal corps
which is to be organized.
ILLINOIS MEN IN THE WAR.
Illinois furnished 308,240 men for the
United States army and navy in the war
with Germany. The state furnished 256,181
men for the federal army and navy during
the civil war. Of this number probably 50, v
000 were re-enlistments, making the net
number furnished in the civil war approxi-
mately 206.000 men, or 102,000 less than
the state furnished in the war with Germany.
WIDTH OF TIRES REQUIRED IN CHICAGO.
The wide tire ordinance passed by the Chicago
city council Feb. 4. 1908, requires that all four
wheeled vehicles shall have tires proportionate
to the load they carry, as follows:
Load. Tires, inches.
3.000 pounds or under 1%
Between 3,000 and 4.000 pounds 2
Between 4.000 and 6.000 pounds 2%
Tires, inches.
Load.
Between 6,000 and 8.000 pounds.
Between 8.000 and 10.000 pounds.,
Between 10,000 and 14.000 pounds 4*
Between 14.000 and 18.000 pounds 6
Over 18,000 pounds 8
The width for two wheeled trucks is double.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
735
CHICAGO STREET RAILWAY CHRONOLOGY.
Omnibuses — First regular omnibus line started
by Frank Parmelee May 9. 1853.
Horse Cars— South side: First line on State
street, between Randolph and 12th streets,
opened April 25, 1859. West side: Madison
street line, Halsted to State, opened May 20,
1859: Randolph street line opened July 15.
1859 North side: Wells street line, river to
Chicago avenue, opened late in spring of 1859:
Clark street line opened in August. 1859.
Cable Cars — South side: First cable line in
Chicago operated on State to 39th street: be-
gan business Jan. 28, 1882; Cottage Grove
avenue line built same year. North side:
Clark street line opened March 27. 1888: Wells
street line opened same year: Lincoln avenue
line opened Jan. 22. 1889: Clybourn avenue
line opened May 2. 1891. West side: Madison
street line opened July 16, 1890: Milwaukee
avenue line opened at same time: Blue Island
avenue line opened July 28, 1893.
Electric Cars— South side: First electric line
in city began operating Oct. 2. 1890. from
95th street and Stony Island avenue to South
Chicago: trolley substituted for horse cars on
most of the lines (except cable) in 1893 and
1894 in all divisions of the city and in the
suburbs: trolley substituted for cable cars on
Stata street July 22. 1906, and on Cottage
Grove avenue Oct. 21. 1906. West side: Trol-
ley cars substituted for cable o- Blue Island
avenue July 22, 1906, and on Madison rt-eet
and Milwaukee avenue Aug. 19. 1906. North
side: All cables changed to trolley lines Oct.
21. 1906. Fares raised to 7 cents Aug. 8.
1919: Dec. 1. 1919. fifty-ride tickets sold for
$3, ten-ride tickets for 65 cen s.
Elevated Railways— South side: South side
elevated railroad began regular operation on
line between Congress street and 39th street
June 6. 1892, with steam as motive po -er;
extended to Stony Island avenue in May,
1893; extended to Englewood in 1906 ~nd to
Kenwood in 1907: trains began "unning
around loop Oct. 19. 1897: motive power
changed to electricity July 27. -"898. West
side; Lake street line (Chicago Oak Park)
began running Nov. 6, 1893. with ;eam as
motive power: electricity substituted June 14,
1896; Metropolitan road opened May 20. 1 95.
with electricity as motive power: began run-
ning over loop Oct. 10. 1897: extension of
Garfield park and Douglas park lines completed
in 1902. North side: Northwestern line opened
for business May 31. 1900. with electricity as
motive power; Ravenswood branch opened
May 10. 1907: through routing of trains be-
tween north and south sides and giving of
transfers on all elevated roads begun Nov. 3.
1913. Fares raised to 6 cents Nov. 22. 1918:
raised to 8 cents Aug. 8. 1919.
Merger of Surface Lines— Unified Manage-
ment— Ordinance passed Nov. 14. 1913. provid-
ing for merger and unified management of all
surface lines, with through routes. 5 cent fares
and transfers to all parts of city; ordinance
went into effect Feb. 1. 1914.
STREET RAILWAY FRANCHISE.
Ordinances passed by city council Feb. 4,
1907; vetoed by mayor and passed over veto
Feb. 11. 1907; approved by people on refer-
endum vote April 2. 1907.
Systems to be reconstructed and rehabilitated
within three years.
City to supervise rehabilitation through
board of three engineers.
Life of grant not to extend in any event be-
yond Feb. 1. 1927.
City to receive 55 per cent and companies 45
per cent of the net profits from the operation
of the roads.
Twenty-one through routes specified and pro-
vision made for others.
Fares for adults to be 5 cents for continu-
ous trips in one general direction within the
present or future city limits.
Transfers to be given at all connecting points
«n "nd to all lines except in section on south
side bet /een Roosevelt road and the river.
( Py merger ordinance passed Nov. 14, 1913,
transfers are given in all parts of the city.)
Motive power of cars to be electricity ap-
plied by the overhead or underground trolley
system.
Cars to be of the latest and most approved
pattern and to be kept clean and warm and
well lighted.
Cars to be operated singly after one year.
Companies to pay 85.000,000 toward the
construction of subways in the downtown sec-
tion at the city's option.
City given the right to purchase the property
of both the present great systems at any time
.jon giving six months' notice.
Chicago Civil Service League, room 614 Reap-
er block, 105 North Clark street— President.
Edward M. McNamara; secretary. James M.
Grimm.
POLITICAL ASSOCIATIONS IN CHICAGO.
Civil Service Reform Association of Chicago,
room 312. 35 North Dearborn street — Presi-
dent. Russell Whitman; secretary. R. E.
Blackwood.
Chicago Political Equality League, room 1704,
17 North State street— President, Mrs. Lula
Smart Schweizer; corresponding secretary,
Miss Thirza Riggs.
Chicago Single Tax Club, room 1439, 127
North Dearborn street— President. Otto Cull-
man.
Citizens' Association of Chicag-o (nonpartisan).
room 1417, 11 South LaSalle street— Presi-
dent Moses E. Greenebaum; secretary, Shelby
M. Singleton.
Citv Club, 315 Plymouth court— President,
George H. Mead: treasurer. Roy C. Osgood:
secretary, Charles Yeomans; civic secretary,
Dwight L. Akers.
Civic Federation (nonpartisan), room 1009,
108 South LaSalle street— President. Joseph
E. Otis: secretary, Douglas Sutherland.
YALE CLUB OF CHICAGO.
President— James O. Heyworth. '88. I Second Vice-Pres.— Laurence B. RobbinB.
First Vice-President — William McCormick Secretary and Treasurer— Henry P. Isham,
Blair, 07. | Chorister— A. Ballard Bradley, '11.
Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, room 603
Tower building— President, Mrs. Grace Wil-
bur Trout, Oak Park; corresponding secre-
tary. Mrs. J. W. McGrath. Chicago.
Municipal Voters' League (nonpartisan),
room 806, 109 North Dearborn street— Presi«
dent, (vacancy) : secretary. Joseph Cum-
mins: treasurer, F. B. Johnston (acting).
United Societies for Local Self-Government,
room 705. 137 North Clark street— President,
Michael Zimmer: secretary, A. J. Cermak.
Woman's City Club of Chicago. 16 North W£-
bash avenue— President. Mrs. Joseph T.
Bowen: secretary. Mrs. Jam^s L. Hough tel-
ing: civic director, Edith Rockwood.
Locations and secretaries of semipolitical
social clubs like the Hamilton (rep.) and the
I Iroouois (dem.) will be found under "Chicago
I Clubs and
L7.
736
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BO0K FOR 1920.
PRIMARY AND ELECTION CALENDAR FOR CHICAGO IN 1920.
Last day for candidates to withdraw fmm
clerks0"8 fil6d With tne c°unty ana 35
Aug. 25*— Registration day.
26 and 27— Canvass of precincts.
FOR GENERAL ALDERMANIC ELECTIONS
FEB. 24. 1920.
Jan. 30— Last day to file aldermanic petitions
with the city clerk.
Feb. 4— Last day to file withdrawals with the
board of election commissioners from aider-
manic petitions filed with the city clerk.
Feb. 3 — Registration day.
Feb. 4 and 5 — Canvass of precincts.
Feb. 7— Revision.
FOR SUPPLEMENTARY ALDERMANIC
ELECTIONS, APRIL 6, 1920.
The names of the candidates for alderman
receiving the highest and second highest
votes in any ward where no candidates re-
ceived a majority of votes cast at the general
aldermanic election will be placed on the bal-
lot for the supplementary aldermanic elec-
tion.
March 6— Last day to file with the county
clerk petitions for commissioners of park
districts.
March 22— Last day to file petitions for town
offices with the town clerks.
March 24— Last day for candidates to file
withdrawal from any of above petitions.
FOR PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY,
APRIL 13, 1920.
Feb. 13 — First day to file petitions with the
secretary of state for president of the
United States and delegates and alternate
delegates to national nominating conventions.
First day to file petitions with the county
clerk for ward committeeman.
March 4— Last day to file petitions with the
secretary of state and county clerk.
March 9— Last day for candidates to with-
draw from petitions filed with the secre-
tary of state.
March 24— Last day for candidates to with-
draw from petitions filed with the county
clerk.
March 23— Registration day.
March 24 and 25 — Canvass of precincts.
March 27— Revision.
FOR PRIMARY, SEPT. 15, 1920.
July 17— First day to file petitions with the
secretary of state for state offices.
First day to file petitions with the county
clerk for county offices.
Aug. 6— Last day to file petitions with the
secretary of state and county clerk.
Aug. 11— Last day to withdraw from pe-
titions filed with the secretary of state.
Aug. 16— First day to file petitions with the
city clerk for associate judges of the Munic-
ipal court.
Aug. 26— Last day to file petitions with the
city clerk for associate judges of the Munic-
ipal court.
Aug. 28 — Revision.
FOR ELECTION, N0V. 2, 1920.
day to file independent petitions
secretary of state and county
independent Petitions
-*
clerk
Last day to withdraw from independent
petitions filed with the secretary of state
ect. 20-Last day to withdraw from independ-
cferk1? With the county SddSj
Oct. 2— General registration day
Oct. 12— General registration day.
Oct. 13 and 14— Canvass of precincts.
Oct. 16— Revision.
OFFICIALS TO BE ELECTED
Feb. 24, 1920— Aldermen.
April 6. 1920— Aldermen
Commissioners of small park districts
April 13. 1920— For expression of choice as
T? •*p2r& candidates for president of the
united States.
Delegates and alternate delegates to national
conventions.
Ward committeemen
Nov. 2. 1920— Presidential electors.
United States senator.
Governor.
Lieutenant-governor.
Secretary of state.
Auditor of public accounts.
State treasurer
Attorney-general.
Clerk Supreme court.
University trustees.
Representatives in congress— State at large.
Clerk Appellate court.
Representatives in congress from each dis-
trict.
State senator from each even numbered
district.
Representatives in general assembly from
each district.
State's attorney.
Recorder.
Clerk of the Circuit court.
Clerk of the Superior court.
Coroner.
Members board of assessors.
Member board of review.
County surveyor.
Trustees sanitary district of Chicago.
Associate judges Municipal court.
Year.
1840
V EQUALIZED ASSESSMENT OF ILLINOIS PROPE]
Real Personal. Railroad
estate. .property. property.
BTY.
Total Tax rate
valuation, per $100
$58,752.168 $0/>0
119,868.336 .58
367.227.742 .67
480.664.058 .65
786.616.394 .36
808.892.782 .36
809.733,405 .50
2,199.701.976 .30
2.343.879.691 .38
2.422.344.379 .70
2.455.745.799 .48
2,502.445.459 .55
2.502,136.183 .80
2.576.012.532 .90
2.616.813.843 .75
1909 it was one-fifth.
1850
I860
4... $86,532.237
266.258.155
833.335.799
188.854,115
113.545.227
165.846.994
149.158.000
162.235.264
467,482.556
470.904.243
509.623.714
504.124.339
535.150.533
535.212.888
540.059.303
the actual
91/2.085,472
19.242.141
47.365.259
72.689.396
77.878.672
177.217.518
178.092.000
192. 351. 627
200.008.164
218.583.630
218.166.237
220.658.412
214.296.689
value. Prior to
347.876690
1880
573.404.141
1890
587045386
1900
569.619469
1910
1912
1.532.525.070
1 648 500 546
1913
1914
1.658.544.334
1 701 348 931
1915
1916
1.748.711.296
1 748 757 058
1917...
...1,790 136 589
1918
Note— The
2.363.963.123
assessed value is one-third of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
737
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS (DEC. 2, 1919).
Owing- to illness President Wilson was unable
to appear before congress in person and the
following1 message was therefore read to each
house separately at noon on Dec. 2. 1919:
"To the Senate and House of Representa-
tives :
"I sincerely regret that I cannot be present
at the opening- of this session of the congress.
I am thus prevented from presenting- in as di-
rect a W'ay as I could wish the many questions
that are pressing- for solution at this time.
Happily, I have had the advantage of the ad-
vice of the heads of the several executive de-
partments who have kept in close touch with
affairs in their detail and whose thoughtful
recommendations I earnes.ly second.
"In the matter of the railroads and the re-
adjustment of their affairs growing- out of
federal control. I shall take the liberty at
later day of addressing- you.
"I hope that congress will bring- to a con-
clusion at this session legislation looking to
the establishment of a budget system. That
there should be one single authority responsi-
ble for the making of all appropriations and
that appropriations should be made not inde-
pendently of each other but with reference to
one single comprehensive plan of expenditure
properly related to the nation's income there
can be no doubt. I believe the burden of pre-
paring the budget must, in the nature of the
case, if the work is to be properly done and
responsibility concentrated instead of divided,
rest upon the executive.
"The budget so prepared should be submitted
to and approved or amended ly a single com-
mittee of each house of congress, and no sin-
gle appropriation should be made by the con-
gress, except such as may have been included
in the budget prepared by the executive or
added by the particular committee of con-
gress charged wi:h the budget legislation.
"Another and not less important aspect of
the problem is the ascertainment qpf the econ-
omy and efficiency with which the mpneva
appropriated are expended. Under existing
law the only audit is for the purpose of ascer-
taining whether expenditures h?ve been law-
fully made within the appropriations. No one
is authorized or equipped to ascertain whether
the money has been spent wisely, economically
and effectively.
"The auditors should be highly trained of-
ficials with permanent tenure in the .treasury
department, free of obligations to or motives
of consideration for this or any subsequent
administration and authorized and empowered
to examine into and make report upon the
methods employed and the results obtained by
the executive departments of the government.
Their reports should be made to the congress
and to the secretary of the treasury.
TAXATION QUESTION.
"I trust that the congress will give its im-
mediate consideration to the problem of future
taxation. Simplification of the income and
profits taxes has become an immediate neces-
sity. These t^xes performed indispensable
service during the war. They must, however,
be simplified, not only to save the taxpayer
inconvenience and expense, but in order that
his liability may be made certain and definite.
"With reference to the details of the rev-
enue law. the secretary of the treasury and
the commissioner of internal revenue will lay
before you for your consideration certain
amendments necessary or desirable in connec-
tion with the administration of the law — rec-
ommendations which have my approval and
support.
"It is of the utmost importance that in deal-
ing with this matter the present law should
not be disturbed so far as regards taxes for
the calendar year 1920. payable in the calen-
dar year 1921. The congress might well con-
sider whether the higher rates of income and
profits taxes can in peace times be effectively
productive of revenue and whether they may
not, pn the contrary, be destructive of business
activity and productive of waste and inef-
ficiency.
"There is a point at which in peace times
high rates of income and profits taxes discour.
age energy, remove the incentive to new en-
terprise, encourage extravag. nt expenditures
and produce industrial stagnation with conse-
quent unemployment and other attendant evils.
"The problem is not an easy one. A funda-
ment-1 change has taken place with reference
to the position of Amciica in the world's af-
fairs. The prejudice and passions engendered
by decades of controversy between two schools
of political and economic thought — the one be-
lievers in prptection of American industries,
the other believers in tariff for revenue only
—must be subordinated to the single consider-
ation of the public interest in the light ol
utterly changed conditions.
"Before the war America was heavily the
debtor of the rest of the world and the inter-
est payments she had to make to foreign
countries on American securities held abroad,
the expenditures of American travelers abroad
and the ocean freight charges she had to pay
to others, about balanced the value of her
prewar favorable balance of trade. During
the war America's exports h;;ve been greatly
stimulated, and increased prices have increased
their value. On the other hrnd she has pur-
chased a large proportion of the American se-
curities previously held abroad, has loaned
some $9.000.000.000 to foreign governments
and has built her own ships.
"Our favorable balance of trade has thus
been greatly increased and Europe has been
deprived of the means of meeting it heretofore
existing. Europe can hjve only three waya of
meeting the favorable balance of trade in
peace times: By imports into tms country of
gold or of goods, or by establishing new cred-
its. Europe is in no position at the present
time to ship gold to us nor cpuld we contem-
plate large further imports of gold into this
country without concern.
TIME FOR WORLD LOANS PASSED.
"The time has nearly passed for interna-
tional governmental loans and it will take time
to develop in this country a market for for-
eign securities. Anything, therefore, which
would tend to prevent foreign countries from
settling for our expo:ts ty shipments of goods
into this country could only have the effect of
preventing them from paying for our exports
and therefore of preventing the exports from
being made.
"The productivity of the country, greatly
stimulated by the war, must find an outlet by
exports to foreign countries and any measures
taken to prevent imports will inevitably cur-
tail exports, force curtailment of production,
load the banking machinery of the country
with credits to carry unsold products and
produce industrial stagnation and unemploy-
ment.
"If we want to sell we must be prepared to
buy. Whatever, therefore, may have been our
views during the period of growth of Amer-
ican business concerning tariff legislation, we
must now adjust our own economic life to a
changed condition growing out of the fact that
American business is full grown and that
America is the greatest capitalist in the world.
"No policy of isolation will satisfy the grow-
ing- needs and opportunities of America. The
provincial standards and policies of the past.
738
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
which have held American business as if in a
strait -jacket, must yield and give way to the
needs and exigencies of the new day in which
we live, a day full of hope and promise for
American business, if we will but take advan-
tage of the opportunities that are ours for the
aS"The' recent war has ended our isolation and
thrown upon us a great duty and responsi-
bility. The United States. must share the ex-
panding world market. The United States de-
sires for itself only equal opportunity with
the other nations of the world, and that
through the process of friendly co-operation
and fair competition the legitimate interests of
the nations concerned may be successfully and
equitably adjusted.
"There are other matters of importance, upon
which I urged action at the last session of
congress which are still pressing- for solution.
I am sure it is not necessary for me again to
remind you that there is one immediate and
very practicable question resulting from the
war which we should meet in the most liberal
spirit. It is a matter of recognition and relief
to our soldiers. I can do no better than to
quote from my last message urging this very
action :
AID FOR RETURNING SOLDIERS.
" 'We must see to it that our returning sol
diers are assisted in every practicable way to
find the places for which they are fitted in
the daily work of the country. This can be
done by developing and maintaining upon an
adequate scale the admirable organization cre-
ated by the department of labor for placing
men seeking work; and it can also be done,
i at least one very great field, by creating
new opportunities for individual enterprise.
new.The secretary of the interior has pointed
out the way by which returning soldiers may
be helped to find and take up land in the
hitherto undeveloped regions of the country
which the federal government has already pre-
pared or can readily prepare for cultivation
and also on many of the cut-over or neglected
areas which lie within the limits ; of the older
states: and I once more take the liberty of
recommending very urgently that his plans
shall receive the immediate and substantial
support of the congress.'
"In the matter of tariff legislation I beg to
oall your attention to the statements contained
in my last message urging legislation with ref-
erence to the establishment of the chemica-
and dyestuffs industry in America:
" 'Among the industries to which special con-
sideration should be given is that of the man-
ufacture of dyestuffs and related chemicals.
Our complete dependence upon German sup-
plies before the war made the interruption of
trade a cause of exceptional economic disturb-
ance. The close relation between the mHnu:
facture of dyestuffs, on the one hand, anfl '01
explosives and poisonous gases, on the other,
moveover. has given the industry an excep-
tional significance .and value
" 'Although the United States will gladly
and unhesitatingly join in the program of in-
ternational disarmament, it will, nevertheless,
be a policy of obvious prudence to make cer-
tain of the successful maintenance of many
strong and well equipped chemical plants. The
German chemical industry, with which we will
be brought into competition, was and may
well be again a thoroughly knit monopoly
capable of exercising a competitipn of a pecul-
iarly insidious and dangerous kind.
"During the war the farmer performed a
vital and willing service to the nation By
materially increasing the production of his
land, he supplied America and the allies with
the increased amounts of food necessary to
keep their immense armies in the field. He
indispensably helped to win the war. But
there is now scarcely less need of increasing
the production in food and the necessaries of
life. I ask the congress to consider means of
encouraging effort along these lines.
"The importance of doing everything possi-
ble to promote production along economical
lines, to improve marketing, and to make rural
life more attractive and healthful, is obvious.
I would urge approval of the plans already
proposed to the congress by the secretary of
agriculture, to secure the essential facts re-
quired for the proper study of this question,
through the proposed enlarged programs for
farm management studies and crop estimates.
NEED OF GOOD ROADS.
"I would urge, also, the continuance of fed-
eral participation in the building of good
roads, under the terms of existing law and
under the direction of present agencies: the
need of further action on the part of the
states ana the federal government to preserve
and develop our forest resources, especially
through the practice of better forestry meth-
ods on private holdings and the extension of
the publicly owned forests; better support for
country schools and the more definite direction
of their courses of study along lines related to
rural problems: and fuller provision for san-
itation in rural districts and the building up
of needed hospital and medical facilities in
these localities.
"Perhaps the way might be cleared for many
of these desirable reforms by a fresh, compre-
hensive survey made of rural conditions by a
conference composed of representatives of the
farmers and of the agricultural agencies re-
sponsible for leadership.
POLITICAL UNREST.
"I would call your attention to the wide-
spread condition of political restlessness in our
body politic. The causes of this unrest, while
various and complicated, are superficial rather
than deep seated. Broadly, they arise from or
are connects* with the failure on the part of
:t<tf
nme
our government to arrive speedily at a just
and permanent peace permitting return to nor-
mal conditions, from the transfusion of radical
theories from seething European centers pend-
ing such delay, from heartless profiteering re-
sulting in the increase of the cost of living,
and, lastly, from the machinations of passion-
ate and malevolent agitators. With the return
to normal conditions, this unrest will rapidly
disappear. In the meantime it does much evil.
"It seems to me that in dealing with this
situation congress should not be impatient or
drastic, but should seek, rather, to remove the
causes. It should endeavor to bring our coun-
try back speedily to a peace basis, with
ameliorated living conditions under the mini-
mum of restrictions upon personal liberty that
is consistent with our reconstruction problems.
And it should arm the federal government
with power to deal in its criminal courts with
those persons who by violent methods would
abrogate our time tested institutions.
"With the free expression of opinion and
with the advocacy of orderly political change,
tiowever fundamental, there must be no in-
terference, but toward passion and maleyo-
ence tending to incite crime and insurrection
under guise of political evolution there should
be no leniency. Legislation to this end has
been recommended by the attorney-general and
should be enacted. In this direct connection I
would call your attention to my recommenda-
ions on Aug. 8. pointing out legislative meas-
ures which would be effective in controlling
and bringing down the present C9st of living,
which contributes so largely to this unrest.
"On only one of these recommendations has
he congress acted. If the government's cam-
paign is to be effective it is necessary that the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 19^0.
other steps suggested should be acted on at
once.
SHOULD EXTEND FOOD CONTROL.
"I renew and strongly urgre the necessity of
the extension of the present food control act
as to the period of time in which it shall re-
main in operation. The attorney-general has
submitted a bill providing: for an extension of
this act for a period of six months. As it now
stands it is limited in operation to the period
of the war and becomes inoperative upon the
formal proclamation of peace. It is imperative
that it should be extended at once. The de-
partment of justice has built up extensive ma-
chinery for the purpose of enforcing- its provi-
sions, all of which must be abandoned upon
the conclusion of peace unless the provisions
of this act are extended.
"During- this period the congress will have
. an opportunity to make similar permanen
provisions and regulations with reg-ard to al
g-oods destined for interstate commerce and t
exclude them from interstate shipment if the
requirements of the law are not complied with
Some such reg-ulation is imperatively neces
sary. The abuses that have grown up in the
manipulation of prices by the withholding
foodstuffs and other necessaries of life cannot
otherwise be effectively prevented. There can
be no doubt of either the necessity or the le
gitimacy of such measures.
"As I pointed out in my last message, pub-
licity can accomplish a great deal in this cam-
paign. The aims of the government must be
clearly brought to the attention of the con-
suming public, civic organizations and state
officials who are in a position to lend their
assistance to our efforts. You have made
available funds with which to carry on this
campaign, but there is no provision in the law
authorizing their expenditure for the purpose
of making the public fully informed about
the efforts of the government. Specific recom-
mendation has been made by the attorney-gen
eral in this regard. I would strongly urge
upon you its immediate adoption, as it con-
stitutes one of the preliminary steps to this
campaign.
. COLD STORAGE LAW URGED.
"I also renew my recommendation that the
congress pass a law regulating cold storage as
it is regulated, for example, by the laws of
the state of New Jersey, which limit the time
during which goods may be kept in storage,
prescribe the method of disposing of them if
kept beyond the permitted period and require
that goods released from storage shall in all
cases bear the date of their receipt. It would
materially add to the serviceability of the law,
for the purpose we now have in view, if it
were also prescribed that all goods released
from storage for interstate shipment should
have plainly marked upon each package the
selling or market price at which they went
into storage. By this means the purchaser
would always be able to learn what profits
stood between him and the producer or the
wholesale dealer.
"I would also renew my recommendation
that all goods destined for interstate commerce
should in every case where their form or pack-
age makes it possible be plainly marked with
the price at which they left the hands of the
producer.
"We should formulate a law requiring a fed-
eral license of all corporations engaged in in-
terstate commerce and embodying in the li-
cense or in the conditions under which it is
to be issued specific regulations designed to
secure competitive selling and prevent uncon-
scionable profits in the method of marketing.
Such a law would afford a welcome oppor-
tunity to effect other much needed reforms in
the business of interstate shipment and in the
739
method of corporations which are engaged in
it: but for the moment I confine my recom-
mendations to the object immediately in hand,
which is to lower the cost of living.
LABOR AND CAPITAL.
"No one who has observed the march of
events in the last year can fail to note the
absolute need of a definite program to bring
about an improvement in the conditions of la-
bor. There can be no settled conditions lead-
ing to increased pioduction and a reduction in
the cost of living if labor and capital are to
be antagonists instead of partners.
"Sound thinking and an honest desire to
serve the interests of the whole nation, as
distinguished from the interests of a class,
must be applied to the solution of this great
and pressing problem. The failure of other
nations to consider this matter in a vigorous
way has produced bitterness 'and jealousies
and antagonisms, the food of radicalism. The
only way to keep men from agitating against
grievances is to remove the grievances. An
unwillingness even to discuss these matters
produces only dissatisfaction and gives com-
fort to the extreme elements in our country,
which endeavor to stir up disturbances in or-
der to provoke governments to embark upon
a course of retaliation and repression. The
seed of revolution is repression.
"The remedy for these things must not be
negative in character. It must be constructive.
It must comprehend the general interest. The
real antidote for the unrest which manifests
itself is not suppression but a deep considera-
tion of the wrongs that beset our national life
and the application of a remedy.
"Congress has already shown its willingness
to deal with these industrial wrongs by estab-
lishing the eight hour day as the standard in
every field of labor. It has sought to find a
way to prevent child labor. It has served the
whole country by leading the way in develop-
ing the means of preserving and safeguard!
lives and health in dangerous industries,
must now help in the difficult task of finding
a method that will bring about a genuine de-
mocratization of industry, based upon the full
recognition of the right of those who work, in
whatever rank, to participate in some organic
way in every decision which directly affects
their welfare.
"It is with this purpose in mind that I
called a conference to meet in Washington on
Dec. 1, to consider these problems in all their
broad aspects, with the idea of bringing about
a better understanding between these two in-
terests.
"The great unrest throughout the world, out
of which has emerged a demand for an imme-
diate consideration 9f the difficulties between
capital and labor, bids us put our own house
in order. Frankly, there can be no permanent
and lasting settlements between capital and
labor which do not recognize the fundamental
concepts for which labor has been struggling
through the years. The whole world gave its
recognition and indorsement to these funda-
mental purposes in the league of nations.
"The statesmen gathered at Versailles recog-
nized the fact that world stability could not
be had by reverting to industrial standards
and conditions against which the average
workman of the world had revolted. It is.
therefore, the task of the statesmen of this!
new day of change and readjustment to rec-
ognize world conditions and to seek to bring
about, through legislation, conditions that will
mean the ending of age-long antagonisms be-
;ween capital and labor and that will hope-
ully lead to the building up of a comradeship
which will result not only in greater content-
nent among the mass of workmen but also
bring about a greater production and a greater
prosperity to business itself.
ng:
It
740
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
"To analyze the particulars in the demands
of labor is to admit the justice of their com-
plaint in many matters that lie at their basis.
The workman demands an adequate wag-e, suf-
ficient to permit him to live in comfort, un-
hampered by the fear of poverty and want in
his old agre. He demands the right to live and
the rigrht to work amidst sanitary surround-
ing's, both in home and in workshop, sur-
roundings that develop and do not retard his
own health and well-being: and the right to
provide for his children's wants in the mott?r
of health and education. In o her words, it is
his desire to make the conditions of his life
and the lives of those dear to him tolerable
and easy to bear.
WAY TO INDUSTRIAL PEACE.
"The establishment of the principles regard-
ing- labor laid down in the covenant of the
league of nations offers us the way to indus-
trial peace and conciliation. No other rose
lies open to us. Not to pursue this one is
longer to invite enmities, bitterness and antag-
onisms which in the end only lead to indus-
trial and social disaster. The unwilling work-
man is not a profitable servant. An employe
whose industrial life is hedged about by hard
and unjust conditions, which he did not create
and over which he has no control, lacks that
fine spirit of enthusiasm snd volunteer effort
which are the necessary ingredients of a great
producing entity.
"Let us be frank about this solemn matter,
The evidences of worldwide unrest which man-
ifest themselves in violence throughout the
world bid us pause and consider the means to
be found to stop the spread of this contagious
thing before it saps the very vitality of the
nation itself. Do we gain strength by with-
holding the remedy? Is it not the business
of statesmen to treat these manifestations of
unrest which meet us on every hand as evi-
dences of an economic disorder and to apply
constructive remedies wherever necessary, be-
ing1 sure that in the application of the remedy
we touch not the vital tissues of our indus-
trial and economic life?
"There can be no recession of the tide of
unrest until constructive instrumentalities are
set up to stem that tide.
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING.
"Governments must recognize the right of
men collectively to bargain for humane ob-
jects that have at their base the mutual pro-
tection and welfare of those engaged in all in-
dustries. Labor must not be longer treated
as a commodity. It must be regarded as the
activity of human -beings possessed of deep
yearnings and desires. The business man gives
his best thought to the repair and replenish-
ment of his machinery, so that its usefulness
will not be impaired and its power to produce
may always be at its height and kept in full
vigor and motion.
"No less regard ought to be paid to the
human machine, which, after all. propels the
machinery of the world and is the great dy-
namic force th:-t lies back of all industry and
progress. Return to the old standards of wage
and industry in employment is unthinkable.
The terrible tragedy of war which has just
ended and which has brought the world to the
verge of chaos and disaster would be in vin
if there should ensue a return to the condi-
tions of the past.
"Europe itself, whence has come the unrest
which now holds the wo-ld at bay. is an ex-
ample of standnatism in th^se vital human
matters which America might wll accept as
an example not to be followed but studiously
to be avoided. Europe made labor thQ differ-
ential and the price of it all is enmity and
antagonism and prostrated industry. The righ'
of labor to live in peace and comfort must be
recognized by governments and America should
be the first to lay the foundation stones upon
which industrial peace shall be built.
"Labor not only is entitled to an adequate
wage, but capital should receive a reasonable
return upon its investment and is entitled to
protection at the hands of the government in
every emergency. No government worthy of
the name can play these elements against each
other, for there is a mutuality of interest be-
tween them which the government must seek
to express and to safeguard at all cost.
"The right of individuals to strike is invio-
late and ought not to be interfered with by
any process of government, but there is a pre-
dominant right and that is the right of the
government to p:otect all of its people and
to assert its power and majesty against the
challenge of any class. The government, when
it asserts that right, seeks not to antagonize
a clnss but simply to defend the right of the'
whole people as against th? irreparable harm
and injury that might be done by the attempt
by any class to usurp a power that only gov-
ernment itself has a right to exercise as a
protection to all.
"In the matter of international disputes
which have led to war. statesmen have sought
to set up as a remedy arbitration for war. Does
this not point the way for the, s^'tlem^nt of
industrial disputes, by the establishment of a
tribunal, fair and just alike to all. which will
settle industrial disputes which in the past
have led to war and disaster?
"America, witnessing the evil consequences
which have followed out of euch disputes be-
tween the contending forces, must not admit
itself impotent to deal with these matters by
means of peaceful processes. Surely there
must be some method of bringing together in
a council of peace and amity these two great
interests, out of which will come a happier
day of peace and co-operation, a day that will
make for more comfort and happiness in liv-
ing and a more tolerable condition among all
classes of men. Certainly human intelligence
can devise some acceptable tribunal for ad-
justing- the differences between capital and
labor.
HOUR OF TEST AND TRIAL.
"This is the hour of test and trial for Amer-
ica. By her prowess and strength and the
indomitable courage of her soldiers, she dem-
onstrated her power to vindicate on foreign
battlefields her conception of liberty and jus-
tice. Let not her influence as a mediator be-
tween capital and labor bs weakened -and her
own failure to settle matters of purely domes-
tic concern be proclaimed to the world.
"There are those in this country who
three ten direct action to fore? their will upon
a majority. Russia to-day, with its blood and
terror, is a painful object lesson of the power
of minorities. It makes little difference what
minority it is: whether capital or labor, or
any other class: no sort of privilege will ever
be permitted to dominate this country. We
are a partnership or nothing that is worth
while.
"We are a democracy, where the majority are
the masters, or all the hopes and purposes
of the men who founded this government have
b*en defeated arid forgotten. In America there
is but one way by which great reforms can be
accomplished and the relief sought by classes
obtained, and that is through the orderly proc-
esses of representative government. Those
who would propos" any other method of re-
form are enemies of this country.
"America will not be daunted by threats nor
OSQ her comnosn^ or calmness in these dis-
tressing times. We can afford. In the midst
of this day of passion and unrest, to be self-
contained and sure. The instrument of all re-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
741
form in America is the straight road of justice
to all classes and conditions of men Men
have but to follow this road to realize the full
fruition of their objects and purposes. Let
those beware who would take the shorter road
of disorder and revolution. The right road is
the road of justice and orderly process.
"WOODROW WILSON."
ANARCHISTIC BOMB PLOTS IN THE UNITED STATES.
In the latter part of April, 1919, some
thirty-six dynamite bombs were mailed in
New York city to as many diiierem persons
in various parts of the United States. Six
of them reacned tneir destinations, the re-
mainuer being- discoveied and held in the
New York city postotfice and in postoffices
on the Pacific coast. It was cieariy the
intention of the sender or senders to cause
death or injury to persons who had made
themselves obnoxious to the Industrial Work-
era of the World and organizations of
communists and anarchists. However, only
two persons, the wife of ex-Senator Thomas
W. Hardwick of Georgia and her maid, were
injured. Among- the persons to whom bombs
were delivered or addressed were the following- :
Judge Kenesaw M. Landis, Chicago; Dis-
trict Attorney Charles M. Fickert and his as-
sistant. Edward Cuchna. San Francisco: Jus-
tice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Attorney-General
A. Mitchell Palmer. Immigration Commis-
sioner Anthony Caminetti, Secretary of La-
bor William B. Wilson and Postmaster-Gen-
eral A. S. Burleson, Washington, D. C.; Mayor
Ole Hanson, Seattle, Wash.; Mayor John F.
Hylan of New York city and Gov. William
JC. Sproul of Pennsylvania.
The bombs were timed to explode either
just before or on May 1 and create a reign
of terror.
Late on the evening of June 2, 1919,
bombs were exploded simultaneously in
widely separated sections of the country for
the purpose of killing law enforcement offi-
cials. In Washington, D. C.. the house occu-
pied by A. Mitchell Palmer, attorney-general
of the United States, was partly wrecked. The
bomb thrower himself was killed and possi-
biy an accomplice, the remains being so
thoroughly shattered by the explosion that
the police could not tell whether they belonged
to one or two persons. In New York city
an attempt to blow up the home of Judge
Charles C. Nott, Jr.. of the Court of General
Sessions resulted in the death of at least one
person and possibly of three. Other explosions
occurred in Boston, Cleveland. Pittsburgh.
Philadelphia, Paterson, N. J., and Newvon-
ville, MabS. The persons aimed at escaped in-
jury in all cases. In front of Attorney-General
Palmer's residence were found leaflets signed
by "The Anarchistic Fighters," which advo-
cated social revolution. The circulars were
printed in Chicago and in October a number
of "reds" were arrested in Gary, Ind.. who
were thought to have been implicated in the
bomb plot. Arrests were also made in Cleve-
land. O.
Early in November, 1919, the federal au-
thorities in Washington claimed to have dis-
covered plans by the "Union of Russian
Workers" to overthrow the government by
means of a general strike and violence of all
kinds. Between 500 and 600 arrests of al-
leged "reds" were made in the Chicago and
New York areas and elsewhere and it was an-
nounced that many of the persons in custody
would be deported.
LIQUORS AND SPIRITS PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES.
Barrels.
Fermented liquor.. 50,266,216
Disiiiled spirits. Gallons
Whisky 17,383,511
Rum 1,526,743
Gin 4.178,538
High wines 23.818
Alcohol 125,134,648
Commercial alcohol 25,229,215
Fruit brandy 5,357.325
Total 178,833,799
BY STATES.
State. Spirit, gallons.
Cal. and Nevada. . 14,023.646
Colorado and Wyo 26
Connecticut 26,451
Hawaii 3,935
Illinois 40,680.080
Indiana 15,830,930
Kentucky 12,608,437
La. and Miss 24,406,359
Maryland 26,746.386
Dist. of Columbia. 749,517
Massachusetts 10,873,375
Year ended June 30, 1918,
State. Spirit, gallons
Michigan 752,745
Missouri 70,527
Mont., Idaho, Utah 186,248
New Jersey 51
New York 10,544,901
Ohio 3,314,103
Pennsylvania 7,203,914
Rhode Island 2,845
South Carolina 943,568
Texas 7,281
Wisconsin 759,294
Total 178.833,799
State Liquors, barrels.
Alaska 3,705
California 1,489.880
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia.
Florida
Hawaii
Illinois
Indiana
966
883,898
146.183
47.527
14.619
22,563
4,925.066
933,232
State Liquors, barrels.
Kentucky 550,583
La. and Miss 436,227
Maine 1,803
Maryland 1,041,513
Massachusetts .... 2,218,816
Michigan 1.534,163
Minnesota . , 2.889.964
Missouri 3,880,964
Montana 271.836
Nevada 14,676
New Hampshire... 166.115
New Jersey 2,927.442
New Mexico 6.225
New York 11,325,413
Ohio 4,825.373
Oklahoma 106
Pennsylvania .... 7,315,640
Rhode Island 669,255
Texas 550,643
Utah 24,156
Virginia 299
Wisconsin 3,935,672
Wyoming 33,565
Total 50,266,216
AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
AMERICAN.
Detroit — In Belle Isle park.
Chicago — In Lincoln park.
Cincinnati— Zoological park.
Los Angeles — In Griffith's park.
Milwaukee — In West park.
New York— In Bronx park.
New York — In Central park.
Philadelphia — Zoological park.
Pittsburgh— In Sc-henley park.
San Francisco — In Golden Gate
park.
Washington — National Zoological
park.
EUROPEAN.
Amsterdam — "Artis."
Antwerp — Dierontuin.
Berlin— Zoologischer garten.
Oologne — Zoologischer garten.
Copenhagen — Dyrehave.
Dublin— Phoenix park.
ILiniburg— Hagenbeck collection.
Hamburg — Zoologischer garten.
Hanover— Zoologischer garten.
London— In Regents park.
Manchester— Belle Vue.
Paris— Jardin d'Acclimatation.
742
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
UNITED STATES POSTAL STATISTICS.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
Revenue. Expenditures. Deficit.
1850 $5.499.984.86 So. 212. 953.43
860 8,518.067.40 19.170,609.89 $10.652.542.49
1870 19.772.220.65 23.998.837.63 4,226.616.98
1880 33.315.479.34 35,542.803.68 3,227.324.34
1890. 60.882.097.92 66.259.547.84 5.377.449.92
1900 102.354.579.29 107.740,267.99 5.385.688.70
1910 224.128.657.62 229,977.224.50 5.881,481.95
1911 237.879.823.60 237.648.926.68 219,118.13
1912 246.744.015.88 248.525.450.08 1.785,523.10
1913 266.619.525.65 262.067,540.33 *4.510, 650.91
1914 , 287.934,565.67 283,558.102.62 '4.376.463.05
M-g 287.248.165.27 298.546.026.42 11.333,308.97
1916 312.057.689.00 306.204.033.00 *5, 853. 656.00
1917 329.726.116.00 319.889.905.00 *9.836,211.00
1918 388.975.962.24 324,833,728.47 64.142,233.77
1919 436.239.126.20 362.497.635.69 73,741.490.51
FINANCIAL SUMMARY (1918 AND 1919).
Revenues.
1918. 1919.
Ordinary postal revenues 8381.125,450.94 $425,769.200.r9
Revenues from money order business 6.588.609.98 8,530,512.0^
Revenues from postal savings business 1.261.901.32 1.939.413.35
Total revenues from all sources .- 388.975.962.24 *436,239. 126.20
Expenditures.
Expenditures on account of the current year '314.252.279.38 354.801.613.85
Expenditures on account of previous years 10.581.449.00 7.696.021.84
Total during year .. 324.833.728.47 362.497.635.69
Excess of revenues over expenditures 64.142.233.77 73,734.851.96
Amount of losses by fire, burglary, bad debts, etc 75.459.69 6.638.55
Surplus in postal revenues 64,126,774.08 *73/728,213.41
Revenues in Detail.
Postal revenues: Sales of stamps, stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers and
postal cards $392.991.168.18
Second class postage (pound rate) paid in money 16.059.247.89
Third and fourth class postage paid in money 10.458,300.15
Receipts from box rents 5,>672. 849.37
Letter postage paid in money 41.12
Receipts from foreign mail transit service 94.383.65
Miscellaneous receipts 206.198.94
Fines and penalties 103,400.25
Receipts from unclaimed letters
Total postal revenues 425.769.200.79
Money order revenues: Revenues from domestic and international money order
business 7.486,663.29
Revenues from invalid money orders 1.043.848.77
Total money order business 8.530.512.06
Revenues from postal savings business 1.939,413.35
Total revenues from all sources 436.239.126.20
•Includes $71.392.000 accrued from increased postal rates first class as war revenue.
A. C. TOWNLEY AND JOSEPH GILBERT CONVICTED.
A. C. Townley. president of the National
Nonpartisan league, and Joseph Gilbert, for-
mer organization manager of the same asso-
ciation, were placed on trial before Judge E.
M. Dean at Jackson, Minn. June 25, 1919, on
the charge of conspiracy to teach disloyalty in
violation of the state espionage act. On July
,12 the jury in the case brought in a verdict
finding both gruilty. Judge Dean granted a
stay until Sept. 12. when each defendant was
sentenced to serve ninety days in the county
jail. Another stay of sixty days was granted
to allow the convicted men to move for a
new trial.
Townley and Gilbert were tried for having
made speeches and distributed literature in
Jackson county and other parts of Minnesota,
both before and after the United States en-
tered the war against Germany, tending, it was
alleged, to discourage enlistments and co-ope-
ration in other war measures. The defense
claimed that the speeches, which were made
at mass meetings in Minnesota early in 1918,
were not disloyal in their references to the
government and the prosecution of the war.
STORM AND TIDAL WAVE AT CORPUS CHRISTI, TEX.
Heavy loss of life and property was caused
by a storm and tidal wave which swept over
Corpus Christi, Tex., and near by places on
Sunday, Sept. 14, 1919. The exact number
of persons who lost their lives was not as-
certained, but it was believed by investigators
that it was approximately 500, while the
property loss was placed at $25.000.000.
Corpus Christi alone suffered a loss of $20.-
000.000. Deaths were reported at Corpus
Christi, Sinton, Portland. White Point. Rosita,
Port Aransas. Aransas Pass and Rockport. all
in Texas.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
743
UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION.
WALKER D. HINES MADE DIRECTOR-
Walker D. Hines was appointed director-
general of railroads by President Wilson on
Jan 10 1919, to succeed William G. McAdoo,
resigned. The former secretary of the treas-
ury and director-general of railroads, who was
n Los Angeles, Cal.. announced the appoint-
ment of Mr. Hines in the following state-
ment :
"The president has authorized me to an-
nounce the appointment of Walker D. Hines
as director-general of railroads. He will en-
ter upon his duty of office immediately. Mr.
Hines has been my assistant at Washington
since the beginning of government control, and
has a thorough knowledge of organization and
administration of the railroads under federal
control as well as of the fundamental prob-
lem involved in the railroad situation. His
ability and experience admirably fit him for
the great trust and responsibility with which
the president has honored him. Aside from
his obvious qualifications Mr. Hines is in
full sympathy with the pplicies which have
guided the railroad administration and with
the views of the president on the railroad
question. I am sure that Mr. Hines will
have the hearty support of the fine army of
railroad officers and employes, and I can ask
nothing better for him than that they shall
give him and the country the same loyal
and effective service they rendered during
my term as director-general."
Mr. Hines issued the following- statement
to the public on the same day:
"From the first day of government con-
trol of the railroads I have been a part of
Mr. McAdoo's administration, and it will be
my purpose as director-general to carry for-
ward the policies he has so ably put into
effect— fidelity to the public interest, a square
deal for labor, with not only an ungrudging
but a sincere and cordial recognition of its
partnership in the railroad enterprise, and
fair treatment for the owners of railroad
property and for those with whom the rail-
roads have business dealings.
"Until the signing of the armistice the
government's first railroad duty was to run
the railroads to win the war, but now that the
war is won, the government's railroad job
is to render an adequate and convenient trans-
portation service at reasonable cost. There
can be no greater civil triumph in time of
peace than the performance of a successful
transportation service for the 100,000.000
consumers, producers and travelers in this
country. To participate in the achievement
of this great object I invite all the railroad
officers and employes with whom I have had
the great privilege of co-operating in their
splendid war work.
"I am a profound believer in the virtue of
mutual understanding. Most disputes come
from the failure to understand the other fel-
low's legitimate needs and his legitimate dif-
ficulties. I shall do my best to understand
the points of view of all the interests affected
by the conduct of the railroads or charged
with duties on the subject, and I shall also
try, frankly and as clearly as I can, to get
all those interests to understand the govern-
ment's needs and the government's difficulties
in conducting the railroad transportation serv-
ice. I ask of all that they will meet me half
way in this great work of trying to under-
stand."
REGIONAL DIRECTORS.
The railroad regional directors in 1919 were:
R. H. Aishton, Chicago. 111.
B. F. Bush, St. Louis, Mo.
Hale Holden. Chicago, 111.
N. D. Maher, Roanoke. Va.
C. H. Markham. Philadelphia. Pa.
A. H. Smith. New York. N. Y.
B. L. Winchell, Atlanta, Ga.
ARMIES AND NAVIES OF THE WORLD.
[Data from Statesman'
Naval Annual an
ARMIES (PEAC
Country. Men.
Abyssinia 250.000
Afghanistan .. 60,000
Argentine Rep. 25.700
Australia* ....281,942
Austria
Belgium 200,000
Bolivia 3,577
s Year-Book, Brassey's
d other sources.]
E STRENGTH).
Country. Men.
Haiti :.'.798
Country. Men.
Siam 20,000
Spain 229 051
Country. Men.
Turkey 400 000
United States. J270. 260
Uruguay 15.000
Venezuela 9,400
E the line. jOct. 28,
FT OF ALL KINDS).
Country. Ships.
Mexico 1°
Sweden 86.479
Switzerland ..260,000
*Militia. tTroops o
1919.
NAVIES (WAR CRA
Country. Ships.
Argentine Rep 37
Australia 11
Honduras 77.611
Hungary 54.000
Italy 600,000
Japan 250,000
Jugo Slavia
Mexico 180,000
Montenegro .. 30,000
Morocco 18.000
Nepal 30.000
Netherlands 102
Bx-azil 120 000
Bulgaria 59.900
Canada* 73.900
Chile 18 303
Brazil 26
Norway . . 67
Chile 25
Paraguay 3
Netherlands .. 22,955
Nicaragua .... 2.000
Norwayt 110,000
China 6
Peru 13
China 180,000
Colombia .. 0
Portugal ... 29
Colombia 6.000
Costa Rica.... 52,208
Cuba 2,900
Costa Rica 2
Roumania 24
Cuba 2
Russia*
Paraguay 2.600
Persia 2 000
Denmark .... 39
Siam . 21
Czecho-Slovakia
Denmark 13,720
Ecuador 5.452
Finland 30,000
France 790.000
Germany 300,000
Great Britain. 807,000
Greece 59 773
Spain 47
Peru 11.000
Poland 100000
France* 434
Sweden . 67
Germany*
Turkey* 38
Portugal 30,000
Roumani;i ....400,000
Russia
Great Britain ....881
Greece 33
United Statesf.. .1,036
Uruguay 2
Venez uela 7
Haiti 3
Salvador 16,144
Santo Domingo
Hungary*
*No data available.
tOctober. 1919.
Italy* 238
Guatemala ... 85.635
Serbia
.Tnnnn 9O8
KENTUCKY GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION.
In the Kentucky state election Nov. 4. 1919, I ceived 254.290 votes to 214,114 for J. D.
B. P. Morrow, republican, for governor re- | Black, democrat.
744
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOKT X*J^U.
TAX-FREE VS. TAXABLE BONDS. \
[Compiled and Copyrighted 1919. by The Bond Buyer of New York.]
A Tabulation Comparing Income from Tax-Free and Taxable Securities Under Federal Income
Tax Bates Affecting 1919 Income.
The income from certain United States gov-
ernment and all municipal bonds is exempt
from the federal income tax. Under the in-
come tax law affecting 1919 income, taxable
bonds are subject to taxes ranging from 4%
to 73%, according to the amount of income.
This table has been compiled to show the
yield which taxable bonds must return to
equal the return from tax-free bonds yielding
from 3%% to 7%. Example: Individual with
income of $50.000 purchases a taxable bond
Tot.'-l
Tax. 3%%. 4%. 4%%. 4%%.
.11% $3.93 $4.49 $4.78 $5.06
.14%
to yield 6.52%. His tax on 1919 income from
this bond is at rate of 31% (normal tax, 8%.
plus surtax on income between $48.000 and
$50.000. 23%). leaving actual income of
4%%. Bates of interest given at top of col-
umns represent yield from tax-free bonds.
The equivalent yields from taxable bonds are
given below for various amounts of income.
While it is believed that the figures in the
table are correct, their accuracy is not guar-
anteed.
Income.
$10.000.
15,000.
20.000.
25.000.
30,000.
35.000.
40.000.
45,000.
50.000.
60.000.
70.000.
80.000.
90.000.
100.000.
150.000.
200.000.
300.000.
500.000.
.16%
.19%
.21%
.24%
.26%
.29%
.31%
.36%
.41%
.46%
.51%
.56%
4.07
4.17
4.32
4.43
4.61
4.73
4.93
5.07
5.47
5.93
6.48
7.14
7.95
4.65
4.76
4.94
5.06
5.26
5.41
5.63
5.80
6.25
6.78
7.4/1
8.16
9.09
4.94
5.06
5.25
5.38
5.59
5.74
5.99
6.16
6.64
7.20
7.87
8.67
5.23
5.36
5.56
5.70
5.92
6.08
6.34
6.52
7.03
7.63
8.33
9.18
5.52
5.65
5.86
6.01
6.25
6.42
6.69
6.88
7.42
8.05
8.80
6%. 5%%. 5V&%. 5:?4%. 6%. 6M>%. 7%.
$5.62 $5.90 $6.18 $6.46 $6.74 $7~.30 $7.87
6.98
7.14
7.41
7.59
7.89
8.11
8.45
8.70
7.56
7.74
8.02
8.23
8.55
8.78
9.15
9.42
8.14
8.33
8.64
8.86
9.21
9.46
9.86
10.14
5.81
5.95
6.17
6.33
6.58
6.76
7.04
7.25
7.81
8.47
9.26
9.69 10.20 10.71 11.22 11.73 12.24 13.27 14.29
9.66 10.23 10.80 11.36 11.93 12.50 13.07 13.64 14.77 15.91
8>5 10.66 30.63 11.25 11.88 12.50 13.13 13.75 34.38 15.00 16.25 17.50
9.72 11.11 11.81 12.50 13.19 13.89 14.58 15.28 15.97 16.67 18.06 19.44
68% 10 94 12.50 13.28 14.06 14.84 15.63 16.41 17.19 17.97 18.75 20.31 21.88
.71% 12.07 113 79 14.66 15.52 16.38 17.24 18.10 18.97 19.83 20.69 22.41 24.14
.72% 12.50 14.29 15.18 16.07 16.96 17.86 18.75 19.64 20.54 21.43 23.21 25.00
6.10
6.25
6.48
6.65
6.91
7.09
7.39
7. 61
8.20
8.90
6.40
6.55
6.79
6.96
7.24
7.43
7.75
7.97
8.59
9.32
6.69
6.85
7.10
7.28
7.57
7.77
8.10
8.33
8.98
9.38 10.16 10.94
9.75 10.17 11.02 11.86
9.72 10.19 10.65 11.11 12.04 12.96
1.000.000.
Over
1.000.000. ...73% 12.96 14.81 15.74 16.67 17.59 18.52 19.44
20.37 21.30 22.22 24.07 25.93
THE ASSOCIATED
President— Frank B. Noyes. Washington. D. C.
First Vice-President— A. N. McKay. Salt Like
City. Utah.
Second Vice-President— J. L. Sturtevant, Wau-
sau. Wis.
Secretary and General Manager — Melville E.
Stone. New York. N. Y.
Assistant General Manager— Frederick Boy Mar-
tin. New York. N. Y.
Treasurer— J. B. Youatt. New York. N. Y.
Directors — B. M. Johnston. Houston Post:
Victor F. Lawson. The Chicagp Daily News:
Charles A. Book. Pittsburgh Dispatch: Clark
Howell. Atlanta Coascuuuon; Elbcrt H. Ba-
ker. Cleveland Plain Dealer; Frank B. Noyes,
Washing-ton Star; Adolph S. Ochs. New
York Times; W. L. McLean. Philadelphia
Bulletin; V. S. McClatchy. Sacramento Bee;
A. C. Weiss, Duluth Herald; Charles Hop-
kins Clark. Hartford Courant; W. H. Cowles,
Spokane Spokesman-Review; D. E. Town.
Louisville (Ky.) Herald; John B. Rathom,
Providence (B. I.) Journal; F. P. MacLen-
nan, Topeka (Kas.) State Journal.
PRESS (1919-1920).
Executive Committee — Frank B. Noyes. Wash-
ington: Victor F. Lawson. Chicago: Charles
A. Rook. Pittsburgh: Charles Hopkins Clark.
Hartford: Adolph S. Ochs. New York: W. L.
McLean. Philadelphia; John R. Bathom,
Providence.
AMERICAN NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS'
ASSOCIATION.
President— Frank P. Glass. Birmingham (Ala.)
News.
Vice-President—George McAneny. New York
Times.
Secretary— John S. Bryant. Richmond (Va.)
News Leader.
Treasurer — Edward P. Call, New York Jour-
nal of Commerce.
Directors — Hilton U. Brown. Indianapolis News;
Elbert H. Baker. Cleveland Plain Dealer:
Hopewell Rogers. The Chicago Daily News:
J. F. McKay, Toronto Globe: C. H. Taylor.
Jr.. Boston Globe; Harr> Chandler. Los An-
geles Times: T. R. Williams. Pittsburgh
Press, and Daniel D. Moore. New Orleans
Times-Picayune.
UNITED STATES PASSPORT REGULATIONS.
Passports are issued to citizens of the
United States upon application to the state
department in Washington. The application
must be accompanied by an affidavit, attested
by a notary public or other officer empowered
to administer oaths, stating that the appli-
cant is a citizen and giving the place of birth
and age. and it must be accompanied by the
certificate of one other citizen to whom he
is personally known that the declaration made
by the applicant is true. The application must
also be accompanied by a description of the
person, particularly as to age. height, com-
plexion, forehead, eyes. nose, mouth, chin,
hair and face. Blank forms are furnished by
the state department upon application. The
fee for each passport is $1. Citizens traveling
abroad may also in some cases obtain pass-
ports by applying to United States ambassa-
dors and ministers. Where any person has
made a declaration of intention to become a
citizen of the United States and has resided
in the United States for three years a passport
valid for six months may be issued to him.
Owing to the war the state department was
obliged in June. 1917. and September. 1918.
to make stricter regulations governing the
issue of passports. Applicants for passports
were required to send in their applications so
long in advance as to permit them to be held
in the department one week, if deemed neces-
sary, for examination.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
745
KING ALBERT IN THE UNITED STATES.
Albert, king of the Belgians, Queen Eliz-
abeth and Crown Prince Leopold, the first
reigning- monarchs to set foot on American
soil, arrived in New York city Oct. 2, 1919,
and after a tour of the country extending:
as far as the Pacific coast sailed from New
port News, Va., on Oct. 31. The illness o
President Wilson marred the visit somewha
and prevented carrying out in full the pro
gram which had been arrang-ed. However
the welcome of King Albert was cordial a
all the places where he stopped. On hi
arrival in New York city he was welcome
by Vice-President Marshall and other rep
resentatives of the government.
The tour of the royal party included
trip to Boston Oct. 5, a visit to Niagar
Falls Oct. 6 : Moline. 111., and Davenpprt, Iowa
Oct. 7; St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn., Oct
8: Spokane, Wash., Portland, Ore., and San
Francisco, Cal., Oct. 10 to 14; Yosemit
valley, Oct. 15: Los Angeles, Oct. 16; th
Grand Canyon of the Colorado. Arizona, Oct
17- AlbUQuerque, N. M.. Kansas City, Mo
Omaha, Neb., and St. Louis. Mo., Oct. 1
to 21; Springfield, 111.. Cincinnati, O.. Pitts
burgh, Pa., South Bethlehem, Pa., and Wash
ington, D. C.. Oct. 21 to Oct. 31.
Though King Albert was officially invited
to make a stop in Chicago the state de
partment routed him around and not through
the city both on his way west and on hir
return to the east.
In Springfield, 111., on Oct. 21, the king
laid a wreath on the tomb of Lincoln. At
Oyster Bay, L. I.. Oct. 26, he paid a similar
honor to the tomb of Roosevelt. Before
leaving Washington King Albert and Queen
Elizabeth made a brief visit to the white
house, where they were received by President
Wilson in his sick room. During their brief
stay in the capital they were the guests of
Vice-President Marshall.
One of the notable incidents of King Al-
bert's stay in Washington was his appear-
ance before the senate and the house of rep-
resentatives in the capitol on Oct. 28. He
was received in the senate in the presence
of the chief justice and associate justices of
the Supreme court, members of the cab-
inet and the senators. King Albert and the
crown prince were escorted into the chamber
by a committee of the senate. The vis^ors
were seated at the right of the vice-president's
chair. President Pro Tempore Albert B.
Cummins delivered an eloquent address, con-
cluding with the words:
"Of all the men of Europe. Asia. Africa
or the seas there lives no man more hearti'y
welcome to the senate of the United States
than the man who sits at my side. Sen-
ators. I present to you our friend, our rie-
fender and our ally. Albert, king- of the
Belgians."
In response King A^ert. who was received
with prolonged applause, said:
"Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Sen-
ate: It is indeed a great honor for me to ad-
dress this illustrious assembly.
This welcome of the senate seals that re-
ception, so warm and so spontaneous, which
I have received everywhere during my jour-
ney across this magnificent country.
'I am deeply moved by the expressions of
sympathy that the name of Belgium evokes
from this noble American people.
"Nothing could better characterize the reign
of universal democracy than that friendship
which unites the great republic, with its
110,000,000 citizens, and the realm of which
I am the constitutional head, with its seven
million and a, half inhabitants.
"If there is not equality of power and
riches between them, there is equality in the
love of liberty and in aspiration toward social
progress. [Applause.]
"On both sides of the Atlantic the same
ideal inspires us. The exchange of ideas,
the commercial relations, the visits to Bel-
gium of eminent American citizens, of whom
many sit in this assembly, are so many
means of tightening the bonds between the
two nations.
"I hope with all my heart that these rela-
tions, which go back as far as memory,
which have been fortified during the war aa
well as by the admirable assistance which
you rendered Belgium by feeding her people
and by the fraternity in arms, will never
oease to develop for the great good of our
two peoples."
In the house of representatives King Albert
was welcomed by Speaker Frederick H. Gil-
lett, who said :
"Your Majesty. Gentlemen of the House
of Representatives: This is the first time that
this chamber has been visited by a reigning
monarch, and I am sure we are all glad
that our guest is the one to establish this
new precedent. His royalty has been over-
shadowed by his h^oism. Every nation haa
developed its hero in this war; indeed, every
natipn has developed innumerable heroes: but
think there is universal rgreement that there
has come out of the wr one surpassing figure
who has won the supreme admiration and
ympathy of the whole world by his heroic
bearing-, the most m-nly of kings and the
most kindly of men. his majesty the king1 of
he Belgians."
Replying. King Albert said:
"Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen: I am pro-
oumlly grateful to the speaker of the house
or his eloquent words of welcome.
"I am happy to be able to bear to this
hamber, which embodies the living spirit of
he American peop'e. the greetings of Belgium.
i democratic and par'iamentarian state,
reated by the vo'e of the ponular assembly
f 1830, which proclaimed the independence
"I salute not only the eminent men who
receive me here to-day, but I salute the
memory of your great predecessors who. dur-
ing 130 years, have sat in this place and
given to the whole world the example of
the highest civic virtues.
"From th<> bottom of my heart I thank
your president for the beautiful and far too
laudatory v-or^s that he has addressed to
me. It has been a great pleasure for us to
be in America, and our one resrret is, and it
is a deep regret, that your illustrious pres-
ident is ill. We express the earnest wish
that he may soon be restored to full health
*nd vieor.
f our provinces.
"It is a pleasure to recall that many of
le provisions of our constitution were taken
rom your fundamental law, so that at the
outset of her career Belgium was indebted to
you.
"Our two peoples have fought and tri-
umphed together. The intervention of the
American army was the decisive factor in de-
termining- the victory.
"I pay my resnectful and sincere homage
to the officers, the soldiers and sailors who
fell for a great cause on the battle fields
of Europe and in the defense of the seas.
"The hearts of Belgians, whom these heroes
helped to liberate from the domination of the
enemy, go out in profound gratitude to the
wounded.
"In their name I address to the wounded
of the great war the assurance of our affec-
tion and sympathy.
"I express the gratitude of Belgium to
those distinguished American citizens who
746
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
grave themselves with such a rare spirit of
sacrifice to the task of lightening- the suffer-
ings of the Belgian people.
"In this noble assembly I solemnly thank
the members of the commission for relief and
the innumerable committees that helped it in
its admirable efforts.
"I salute in particular the names, graven
forever in our memories, of Herbert Hoover
and Brand Whitlock.
"May this splendid American nation so
richly endowed by nature, so magnificently
served by its people, pursue in the serenity
of ita power its work of achievement of
culture and of progress."
The journey both from and to Europe
was made on the transport George Wash-
ington, which was placed at the king's dis-
posal by the American government.
MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES.
Mexico continued in a disturbed state
throughout 1919 and the relations of the
republic with the United States remained more
or less strained. The authorities south of the
Eio Grande were either unable or unwilling to
protect Americans or American property from
Villa and other bandits. In addition President
Carranza maintained an attitude toward the
United States which could not be described as
cordial. In March concessions were granted to
Japanese colonists in Lower California, though
it was known that this would be regarded as
an unfriendly act.
In Vera Cruz, April 22. Gen. Francisco Al-
varez. an opponent of the government, was
executed by a firing squad. About the same
time Vdlla fought his way into Parral and
looted the town. His power in that part of
the country seemed to be increasing instead
of waning.
In May the conditions across the border
were so disquieting that 18,500 American sol-
diers, with a number of aviation units, were
emer-
pe An-
stationed along1 the frontier f
jrencies. The forces under
Francisco Villa
.
geles and Francisco Villa were
much their own way in the northwestern Dart
of Mexico.
Early on the morning of June 15 Villa forces
began an attack on Juarez on the American
border and in the evening American cavalry
and infantry forces commanded by Col. Selah
R. H. Tompkins and Col. G. Arthur Hadsell
crossed the international bridge and intervened
as shots fired by the rebels were fallins: in
El Paso. Some sharp fighting ensued in which
two Americans were killed and seven wounded.
President Carranza as usual protested at the
"invasion." which ended as. soon as the Villa
forces had been driven far from the vicinity
of Juarez. The chase ended on Auer. 24. when
the American cavalry returned to El Paso.
The American government on Aug. 14 made
it known that a strong protest had been made
in July against the failure of Mexico to pre-
vent the murder of American citizens. It was
also intimated that Henry L. Fletcher. Ameri-
can ambassador to Mexico, would not return
to that country until something was done to
improve the -situation.
TT011,/-^- 17 il became known that Lieut.
Harold G. Peterson and Lieut. Paul H. Davis,
aviators, had been captured a week earlier by
Mexican bandits near Candelaria, Tex., and
were being held for ransom, word having been
sent across the border that unless $18,000
was paid before Aug. 18 the men would be
killed. Their release was demanded at once,
though arrangements were also made to pay
the ransom asked. The men were reached and
after 58.500 had been paid to the bandits were
brought back in safety to Texas. The incident
caused considerable excitement for a time and
troops were again sent across the border on
a vain hunt for the bandits. President Car-
ranza once more protested against the presence
of American forces in Mexico and there the
matter ended for the time being.
The next incident to cause international ir-
ritation wns the capture on Oct 19 of W. O.
Jenkins. United States consular aerent at
Puebla. by bandits who held him for $150.-
000 ransom. His release was purchased Oct.
26 and then the Mexican government arrested
m the charge of collusion
)n Nov. 20 Mexico was
and imprisoned him
with the bandits.
warned that unless he was released the rela-
tions between Mexico and the United States
would be seriously affected and that for this
the Mexican government would have to assume
the sole responsibility.
In response to a request from the United
States senate Secretary of State Lansing re-
port d that up to Aug. 1, 1919, 217 American
citizens had been killed in Mexico since the end
of the Diaz regime May 25, 1911, and that
942 claims for damages had been filed by
American citizens. No sums had been speci-
fied in 153 of the claims, but the total in the
remainder was 826,629,597.
TROOPS ENGAGED IN UNITED STATES WARS.
Military and naval forces employed by the government since 1775 up to the time of th»
European war
War. Date. Total. I War. Date.
Revolution 1775-83 309.791 | Cayuse Indian (Ore.) 1848
Northwestern Indian 1790-95 8.983 I Texas Indian 1849-56
France 1798-1800
Tripoli 1801-05
Indian (Harrison) •. 1811-13
War of 1812 1812-15
Creek Indian 1813-14
Seminole 1817-18
Winnebaeo (Wis.) 1827
Sac and Fox (111.) 1831
Black Hawk 1832
Cherokee removal 1833-39
Seminole (Fla.) 1835-42
Sabine Indian 1836-37
Creek (Fla.) 1836-37
"Patriot" (frontier) 1838-39
Seminole (Fla.) 1842-58
Mexico 1846-48
4.593
3.330
910
676.622
13.781
6.911
1.416
"<U65
9.494
41,122
4,429
13.418
1.500
ii2.'230
Apache (Utah) ..................... 1849-55
California Indian
Utah Indian
1849-55
1851-53
Total.
1,116
4.243
2.561
265
540
5.145
503
2.687
Oregon. Washington Indian 1851-56
Comanche 1854
Seminole 1855-58
Civil war 1861-66 2,778,304
Spanish-American 1898-99 312.523
Philippine 1899-1902 140,033
Pekin (China) expedition 1900-01 6.913
Total 4.371.839
The total in this table includes re-enlistments.
The total number of individuals is estimated at
3,304,993, of whom 2.213,363 served in the civil
war.
REPUBLICAN VICTORY IN OKLAHOMA.
In a special election in the 5th Oklahoma
congressional district Nov. 8, 1919. to fill tne
vacancy caused by the death of Joseph B.
Thompson, democrat, J. W. Harreid. republi-
can, was elected by a majority of 708 votes
over Claude Weaver, democrat.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
747
MAYORS OF LARGE CITIES (1919).
Albany. N. Y.— James R. Watt, Rep.
Atlanta. Ga.— James L. Key. Dem.
Baltimore, Md.— William F. Broening. Rep.
Boston. Mass. — Andrew J. Peters, nonpartisan.
Bridgeport. Conn. — Clifford B. Wilson. Rep.
Buffalo. N. Y.— G. E. Buck. Rep.
Camden. N. J.— Charles H. Ellis, Rep.
Charleston. S. C.— T. T. Hyde. Dem.
Chicago. 111. — William Hale Thompson. Rep.
Cincinnati, O. — John Galvin. Rep.
Cleveland. O.— Harry L. Davis. Rep.
Columbus. O.— Georg-e J. Karb. Dem.
Dayton. O. — J. M. Switzer, nonpartisan.
Denver. Col.— Dewey C. Bailey. Rep.
Des Moines, Iowa.— Thomas Fairweather. nonp.
Detroit. Mich. — James Couzens, nonpartisan.
Duluth. Minn.— C. R. Magney. nonpartisan.
Fall River. Mass.— James H. Kay. Rep.
Fort Wayne. Ind.— W. S. Cutshall. Rep.
Galveston, Tex.— H. O. Sappingrton. Dem.
Grand Rapids. Mich.— Chr. Gallmeyer. nonpart.
Hartford. Conn.— R. J. KinseUa. Dem.
Indianapolis, Ind.— Charles W. Jewett. Rep.
Jersey City. N. J.— Frank Hague. Dem.
Kansas City. Mo.— James Cowgill. Dem.
Lincoln, Neb.— John E. Miller. Dem.
Los Angeles, Cal.— Meredith P. Snyder. Dem.
Louisville. Ky.— George W. Smith. Rep.
Lowell. Mass.— Perry D. Thompson, nonpart.
Memphis. Tenn.— F. S. Monteverde, Dem.
Milwaukee. Wia.— Daniel A. Hoan, Soc.
Minneapolis. Minn.— J. E. Meyers. Nonp.-Rep.
Nashville, Tenn. — William Gupton, Dem.
Newark. N. J.— Charles P. Gillen. Dem.
New Haven. Conn.— D. E. Fitzgerald, Dem.
New Orleans. La. — Martin Behrman. Dem.
New York. N. Y.— John F. Hylan. Dem.
Omaha. Neb.— Edward P. Smith. Dem.
Paterson. N. J. — C. L. Newman, Rep. (acting),
Peoria. HI.— E. N. Woodruff, Rep.
Philadelphia. Pa.— J. H. Moore, Rep.
Pittsburgh. Pa.— E. V. Babcock, nonpartisan.
Portland. Me.— Charles B. Clarke. Rep.
Portland. Ore.— Geo. L. Baker. Rep.
Providence, R. I. — Joseph H. Gainer. Dem.
Reading. Pa.— Edward H. Filbert, nonpartisaa.
Richmond. Va. — George Ainslee, Dem.
Rochester. N. Y.— H. H. Edgerton, Rep.
St. Joseph. Mo.— J. C. Whitsell, Dem.
St. Louis. Mo.— Henry W. Kiel. Rep.
St. Paul. Minn. — L. C. Hodgson, nonpartisan.
Salt Lake City. Utah— W. Mont Ferry. Rep.
San Antonio. Tex. — Sam C. Bell, Rep.
San Francisco, Cal. — James Rolph, Jr., nonp.
Schen-ectady. N. Y.— Geo. W. Lunn. Dem.
Seattle. Wash.— C. B. Fitzgerald, Nonp.
Springfield, 111.— Charles T. Baumann. Rep.
Springfield. Mass. — Arthur A. Adams, Rep.
Syracuse, N. Y.— Walter R. Stone. Rep.
Toledo. O. — Cornell Schreiber. nonpartisan.
Trenton. N. J.— Frederick W. Donnelly. Dem.
Troy, N. Y.— J. W. Fleming. Dem.
Wilmington. Del.— William G. Taylor. Rep.
METHODIST CENTENARY EXPOSITION.
The centenary celebration or Methodist
missionary exposition was held on the Ohio
state fair grounds at Columbus, O., June 20
to July 13, 1919. There were 17,000 par-
ticipants and employes and the attendance
was approximately 1,000,000. More than
150,000 automobiles, representing- at least
thirty-four states, passed through the gates
during the three weeks. The fundamental
idea back of the exposition was to bring
to the people of the Christian churches of
America a first hand knowledge of actual
missionary work. It was an attempt to
reproduce actual conditions which exist in
other less known parts of our country and
of the world. It was also an attempt to
tell how the other half lives, and especially
to show what waa being done by Christian
missionaries to alleviate the human suffer-
ing and to bring the munificent influence of
the gospel to bear upon the peoples of the
world.
The centenary celebration was an intruder
in the exposition world, upsetting all no-
tions as to what the people seemed to de-
mand at a fair or exposition. Old theories
were exploded and its success astonished fair
officials everywhere. That an exposition
without horse races, midway dances, stock
shows and commercial displays could attract
1.000,000 admissions through the gates in
three weeks was unbelievable. It was done.
Six hundred thousand square feet of ex-
hibits were of life and conditions of people.
In the thirty-eight auditoriums on the grounds
there were several thousand speakers, musi-
cians and entertainers. There were 53,000
meetings and demonstrations held attended
by 2,455,000. Among the prominent speak-
ers were Former President William H. Taft.
Col. W. J. Bryan. Secretary of the Navy-
Daniels, Former Secretary McAdoo, Dr. S. D.
Chown of Canada. Miss Margaret Bondfield and
Chaplain Tiplady of England, Major Dupont,
French commissioner. Commander A. C. Read
of the N-C 4 and Sergt. A. C. York of Ten-
nessee. A religious pageant known as "The
Wayfarer" drew a capacity house in the Coli-
seum every night, and thousands of people
were unable to gain admission, BO great waa
the demand for tickets.
The exposition was put on by a joint com-
mission representing the Methodist Episcopal
church and the Methodist Episcopal Church
South. Dr. W. W. Pinson of Nashville was
the chairman of the commission and Dr.
S. Earl Taylor of New York director^general.
The associate directors-general were Dr. W. B.
Beauchamp of Norfolk, Va., Dr. J. E. Crow-
ther of Seattle and Dr. F. B. Fisher of New
York.
RESIGNATION OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL GREGORY.
Thomas Watt Gregory, attorney-general of
the United Stetes since 1914, resigned Jan.
9, 1919, and went out of office on March 4
following. His letter of resignation and the
president's reply were made public at the
white house, Washington, Jan. 12. Mr. Greg-
In accordance with
the purpose expressed in our conversation just
before you went abroad I tender my resigna-
tion as attorney-general.
"Pecuniary responsibilities of a substantial
ory's letter read:
"Dear Mr. President :
in the balance against the public duties
with which I was charged."
In reply President Wilson cabled from Paris,
France :
"My Dear Mr. Attorney-General: It is with
profound reluctance and regret that I accept
your resignation. I do so only because you
have convinced me that it is necessary in
your own interest for you to retire. There
has been no one with whom I have been asso-
ciated in Washington whom I have learned
more to trust nor to whose counsels I have
nature rest upon me and my private affairs attached more value and importance."
have long demanded attention. During the Mr. Gregory was succeeded by A. Mitchell
continuance of actual warfare I did not feel Palmer, who during the war served as alien
at liberty to weigh these personal considera- I property custodian.
748
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
WORK OF UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU.
The bureau of the census in the department
of commerce in Washington. D. C.. is charged
with the duty of taking periodical censuses of
the population, agriculture, manufactures and
mines and quarries of the United States, to-
gether with such special statistics as are re-
quired by congress from time to time. The
next general or decennial census will be taken
in 19*20. A census of electrical industries is
taken every fifth year; the last one was taken
in 1918. for the statistics of 1917. Other
regular censuses include:
Wealth, debt and taxation: taken every
tenth year: latest statistics are for fiscal year
ending June 30. 1913.
Manufacturing industries: taken every fifth
year: last report related to calendar year
Agriculture: taken at ten year intervals; last
census was taken late in fall of 1915 and
related to the crops of that year.
Religious bodies: taken every tenth year;
last census was taken in 1916.
Water transportation on coast and inland
waters of the United States: taken every tenth
year; last census covered the year 1916.
The annual reports issued by the bureau in-
clude mortality and birth statistics: financial
statistics of cities with a population of 30.000
or more: statistics relating to cotton produc-
tion and consumption and statistics showing
the amount of tobacco of various kinds on
hand on April 1 and Oct. 1 of each. year.
THE GENERAL EDUCATION BOARD.
The General Education board was organ-
ized in New York Feb. 27. 1902, and incor-
porated by an act of congress signed Jan.
12. 1903. The purposes of the board are to
promote education in the United States, with-
out distinction as to race, sex or c.reed, and
especially to promote, systematize and make
effective various forms of educational benefi-
cence. The principal of the funds held by the
board on May 1, 1918. was $41,874.094. of
which $7.240.728 represented income invested.
The total of all appropriations made by the
board from the date of its organization to
May 1. 1918. was $22.980.223.
The following are officers of the board:
Wallace Buttrick. president: Abraham Flex-
ner. secretary: E. C. Sage, assistant secretary;
L. G. Myers, treasurer; L. M. Dashiell, assist-
ant treasurer.
The following1 are members of the board:
Frederick T. Gates. Walter H. Page, J. D.
Rpckefeller, Jr., Albert Shaw, Wallace But-
trick, Starr J. Murphy. Edwin A. Alderman.
Harry Pratt Jurlson. Wickliffe Rose, Jerome
D. Greene. Anson Phelps Stokes, Abraham
Flexner, George E. Vincent, James H. Dillard,
Frank E. Spauldingr.
LADY ASTOR IN BRITISH PARLIAMENT.
Lady Astor. wife of Maj. Waldorf Astor.
was elected a member of parliament for the
Sutton constituency in Plymouth. England.
Nov. 15. 1919. by a vote of 14.495 as against
9.292 for William Gay, laborite. and 4.139 for
Isaac Foot, liberal. Her husband, on the
death of his father. Viscount William Waldorf
Astor. on Oct. 18. succeeded to his title and
membership in the house of lords. As Maj.
Astor was member of parliament for the Sut-
ton district in Plymouth this left a vacancy to
be filled by a special or by-election. His wife,
who before her marriage was Nancy Lang-
horne of Virginia, announced her intention of
seeking election to the vacant seat as the con-
servative candidate. The campaign was a
spirited one on her part and it resulted as al-
ready announced.
Countess or Mme. Markievicz of Dublin was
the first woman to be elected to the British
parliament. She was chosen at the general
flections in December. 1918. to represent St.
Patrick's constituency. Dublin, but with the
other Irish Sinn Fein members refused to go
to Westminster. Lady Astor therefore is the
first woman actually to occupy a seat in the
British house of commons.
PARTIES IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
As the result of the general election in De-
cember. 1918, the British house of commons
in 1919 was made up, at the start, of the fol-
lowing parties:
Coalition— Unionists 334
Liberals 133
National democrats 10
Independent 1
Total coalition 478
Noncoalition — Labor 63
Unionists 23
Irish unionists 25
Liberals 28
Sinn Fein* 73
Nationalists 7
National party 2
Independents 4
Ind. radical 1
Socialist 1
Co-operator 1
Soldiers' federation 1
Total noncoalition 249
Grand total 727
'Refused to take their seats.
UNITED STATES
ADMINISTRATION. 1919.
Captain commandant— William E. Reynolds.
Chief of division of operations — Oliver H.
Maxam.
Chief of division of material— George H. Slay-
baugh.
Superintendent of construction and repair —
Senior Captain Howard M. Broadbent.
Engineer in chief— Charles A. McAllister.
Inspector — Senior Captain Daniel P. Foley.
OPERATIONS IN 1918.*
Lives saved 1,250
COAST GUARD.
Persons on board vessels assisted
Persons in distress cared for. . .
Vessels boarded and papers ex-
amined
Vessels seized or reported for
violation of law
Fines and penalties incurred by
vessels reported $216,290
Derelicts removed or destroyed. . 5
Value of vessels assisted $15.198.322.00
Expended for maintenance and
repairs $8.242.713.32
* Fiscal year ended June 30.
11,084
477
1.039
198
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
749
CHICAGO ELEVATED RAILROAD STATIONS.
LOOP STATIONS.
Stockyards Branch.
1. Adams and Wabash
2. Madison & Wabash
3. Randolph and Wa-
bash.
7. Madison .and Wells.
8. Quincy and Wells.
9. LaSalle and Van
Buren.
1. Wallace street.
2. Halsted street.
3. Exchange avenue.
4. Morris.
5. Swift.
6. Packers avenue.
7. Armour.
4. State and Lake.
10. Dearborn and Van
Stub Terminal Station.
S.Clark and Lake.
6. Randolph & Wells.
Buren.
11. State & Van Buren
Congress and State streets.
Transfer Stations on the Loop.
THE METROPOLITAN ELEVATED
RAILWAY.
1. Adams and Wabash
2. Clark and Lake.
3. Randolph & Wells.
4. State & Van Buren.
Main Line and Garfield Park Branch.
1. Franklin street.
15. Crawford avenue.
NORTHWESTERN ELEVATED RAILROAD.
2. Canal street.
16.Tripp avenue.
Main Line and Evanston Division.
3. Halsted street.
4. Racine avenue.
17. Kilbourn avenue.
18. Cicero avenue.
l.Kinzie street.
2. Chicago avenue.
3. Oak street.
4. Division street.
5. Schiller street.
6. Sedgwick street.
7. Larrabee street.
8. Halsted street.
9. Willow street.
10. Center street.
22. Wilson avenue.
23. Argyle avenue.
24. Bryn Mawr ave-
nue (Edgewater).
25.Thorndale avenue.
26. Granville-av. (No.
Edgewater station) .
27. Loyola avenue.
28. Rogers Park.
29. Birch wood avenue.
5. Laflin street.
6. Marshfleld avenue.
7. Ogden avenue.
8. Hoyne avenue.
9. Western avenue.
10. California avenue.
11. Sacra mento-blvd.
12.Kedzie avenue.
13. St. Louie avenue.
14. Garfield park.
19.Laramie avenue.
20. Central avenue.
2 I.Austin avenue.
22. Lombard avenue.
23. Gunderson avenue.
24. Oak Park avenue.
25. Home avenue.
"6. Harlem avenue.
27. Hannah street.
'28. Dos Plaines avenue.
11. Webster avenue.
30. Howard street.
Douglas Park Branch.
12. Fullerton avenue.
13. Wrightwood ave.
14. Diversey boulevard
15. Wellington avenue.
16. Belmont avenue.
31. Calvary.
32. Main street.
33. Dempster street.
34. Davis street.
35. Foster street.
l.Polk street.
2. Roosevelt road.
3. 14th place.
4. 18th street.
5. Wood street.
IS.Lawndale avenue.
14. Crawford avenue.
15. Kildare avenue.
16. Kenton avenue.
17.48th avenue.
17. Clark street.
18. Addison street.
19. Grace street.
20. Sheridan road.
£6. Noyes street.
37. Central street.
38. Isabella street.
39. Linden avenue.
6. Hoyne avenue.
7. Western avenue.
8. California avenue.
9. Douglas park.
18. 50th avenue.
19. 52d avenue.
"0. 54th avenue.
21. 56th avenue.
21.Buena Park.
10. Kedzie avenue.
22. 58th avenue.
Ravenswood Branch.
11. Homan' avenue.
12. Clifton Park-av.
23. Austin avenue.
24. 62d avenue.
1. Southport avenue.
7. Robey street. ,
Logan Square Branch.
2. Paulina street.
3. Addison street.
4. Irving Park-blvd.
5. Montrose-blvd.
6. Ravenswood.
8. Western avenue.
9. Rockwell street.
10. Francisco avenue.
ll.Kedzie avenue.
12.Kimball avenue.
I.Madison street.
2. Lake-st. transfer.
3. Grand avenue.
4. Chicago avenue.
5. Division street.
6. Robey street.
7. Western avenue.
8. California avenue.
9. Logan square.
Stub Terminal Station.
Humboldt Park Branch.
North Water and Clark streets.
1. Western avenue.
4. Kedzie avenue.
2. California avenue.
5. Ballou street.
SOUTH SIDE ELEVATED RAILROAD.
3. Humboldt park.
6. Lawndalo avenue.
Main Line and Jackson Park Division
Transfer Point Between Metropolitan and
Oak Park.
1. Congress & Wabash
2 Roosevelt road.
15.55th street.
16. 58th street.
Lake street transfer.
3 18th street.
17. 61st street.
Stub Terminal Station.
4. 22d street.
18. South Park avenue
Wells street and Van Buren.
5. 26th street.
and 63d street.
6. 29th street.
19. Cottage Grove ave-
CHICAGO & OAK PARK ELEVATED
7.31st street.
nue and 63d street.
STATIONS.
8.33d street.
9. 35th street.
10. 39th street.
11. Indiana avenue.
12.43d street.
13. 47th street.
14. 61st street.
20. University avenue
and 63d street.
21. Dorchester avenue
and 63d street.
22. Stony Island ave-
nue and 63d street
(Jackson park).
1. Clinton street.
2. Halated street.
3. Morgan street.
4. Ann street.
5. Sheldon street.
6. Ashland avenue.
7. Lake-st. transfer.
15. Hamlin avenue.
16. Crawford avenue.
17. Kostner avenue.
18. Cicero avenue.
19. Laramie avenue.
20. Central avenue.
21.Menard avenue.
Englewood Branch.
8. Robey street.
22. Austin avenue.
1. State street.
2. Wentworth avenue.
3. Princeton avenue.
4. Harvard and63d-sts
5. Parnell-av. &63d-st.
6. Halsted & 63d-Sts.
7. Racine avenue.
8. Loomis street.
9. Oakley boulevard.
10. Campbell avenue.
11. California avenue.
12. Sacramento-blvd.
13. Kedzie avenue.
23. Lombard avenue.
24. Ridgeland avenue.
25. Oak Park avenue.
26. Wisconsin avenue.
27. Forest Park.
Normal Park Branch.
14. Garfield park.
1. 65th street.
3.69th street.
Transfer Station Between Oak Park and
2. 67th street.
Metropolitan.
Kenwood Branch.
Lake street transfer.
1. Grand boulevard.
Drexel boulevard.
Stub Stations.
2. Vincennes avenue.
4. Ellis & Lake Pk.-ay.
1. Market and Randolph streets.
3. Cottage Grove and
5. 42d place.
2. Madison and Market streets.
750
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
MUSIC IN
CHICAGO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA.
Founded by Theodore Thomas.
The Theodore Thomas orchestra was organ-
ized in Chicagro in 1890-1891 by a number of
men interested in promoting- the highest class
of instrumental music. The Orchestral asso-
ciation was incorporated Dec. 16. 1890, and
Theodore Thomas, famous for many years as
a C9nductor. was engaged to lead the new or-
ganization, which was then named the Chicago
orchestra. The preparations were completed
in 1891 and the first public rehearsal was
given at the Auditorium Friday afternoon. Oct.
16. of that year. Financially the result of the
first season was discouraging, the fifty or
more gentlemen guaranteeing the expenses be-
ing compelled to meet a deficit of about $53,-
000. Receipts, however, continued to increase
from year to year until the orchestra was
finally placed on a permanent basis. This was
accomplished when Orchestra hall, erected by
subscriptions from more than 8.000 persons,
was completed at 220 South Michigan avenue,
and the organization was provided with a
home of its own. The first concert there was
given Wednesday evening. Dec. 14, 1904.
Theodore Thomas died Jan. 4. 1905. and the
orchestra, which until then had been called
the Chicago orchestra, was named the Theodore
Thomas orchestra. Feb. 24. 1913. the title
was changed to the Chicago Symphony or-
chestra (founded by Theodore Thomas). Fred-
erick Stock, after the death of Mr. Thomas,
was made conductor, a position he held until
Oct. 2. 1918, when he withdrew until he could
acquire citizenship in the United States. His
place was taken by Eric De Lamarter. Mr.
Stock resumed the position 'Of conductor, in
May. 1919. The plan of giving two perform-
ances a week — a public rehearsal on Friday
afternoon and a concert on Saturday evening-
has been followed from the beginning. The
ceason consists of twenty-eight weeks, begin-
ning in October and ending in April.
CHICAGO.
The first officers of the Orchestral associa-
tion were: N. K. Fairbank. president- C Nor-
man Fay. vice-president: P. A. McEwan. 'treas-
urer and secretary; Milward Adams, manager.
Officers in 1919.
President-^lyde M. Carr
Vice-President—Charles H. Hamill
Business Manager-Frederick J.
Assistant Treasurer— Henry E. Voegeli
Trustees— Joseph Adams. William L.' Brown.
Clyde M. Carr. Clarence A. Burley. Edward
B. Butler. J. J. Glessner. C. H Hamill
Charles L-. Hutchinson. Chauncey Keep Har-
2ld^F,-,McC°rmick- Seymour Morris. Horace
0"8- Albert A-
.
Office— 850 Orchestra building.
CHICAGO OPEEA ASSOCIATION.
IM& Chicago Opera association, known until
915 as the Chicago Grand Opera company
was established in 1910 by a number of cU-
jzens of Chicago and New York, who organ-
*™n™nh a Cap!tal • *°f »50°.000. of which
$300.000 was subscribed in Chicago and the
remainder in the east. The Auditorium was
leased, important alterations were made and
the first performance by the new company was
given there in November, 1910. Since then a
season of opera has 'been given at the same
Place each year in the months of November!
1! 18 Wig™' The ninth 8ea80n be'
Officers, 1919.
President— Judson F. Stone.
Vice-President—Charles G Dawes
Secretary and Treasurer-Herbert ' M. Johnson.
Office— 58 East Congress street.
OCCURRENCES DURING PRINTING.
NORTH AND SOUTH DAKOTA RATIFY
SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT.
North and South Dakota ratified the woman
suffrage amendment to the federal constitution
Dec. 1 and 3 respectively South Dakota was
the twenty-first state to take such action. For
a list of the states previously ratifying the
amendment see pages 799-800 this volume.
USE OF COAL, RESTRICTED.
On account of the strike of the coal miners
(see page 754) Fuel Administrator Garfield on
Dec. 1, 1919, put the nation on a war time
basis in the distribution of coal and ordered
that it should be used only for the most es-
eential purposes.
CHANGES IN THE CABINET.
Carter Glass, secretary of the treasury, was
appointed Nov. 15. 1919. by the governor of
Virginia United States senator to succeed
Thomas S. Martin, deceased. Mr. Glass ac-
cepted and resigned his position as secretary
of the treasury.
William C. Redfield retired as secretary of
commerce Oct. 31, 1919, and Congressman I
Joshua W. Alexander of Missouri was nomi-
nated Dec. 2 to succeed him.
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSIONER RESIGNS
J Franklin Fort, chairman of the federal
trade commission, resigned Dec. 1. 1919. be-
cause of ill health.
RESIGNATION OF SUPT. CHADSEY.
Charles E Chadsey. superintendent of' the
public schools of Chicago, resigned his posi-
tion Nov. 28. 1919. after the board of educa-
tion had deprived him of the power to carry
out the duties of his office. He was succeeded
by the associate superintendent.
DEATHS.
Thomas S. Martin. United States senator
from Viririnia, died at his home in Charlottes-
bom' Ju^. l|ie7. NOV' 12' 1919' He ™8
Henry Clay Frick. a leader in the iron and
Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood died in Lon-
Feb' 9 1838 &C' *' 1919' He 'was born
"CLOSED" HOURS ON BRIDGES OF CHICAGO.
Following are the hours when the bridges
of Chicago are closed to river traffic: Bridges
on the main river, on the south branch as
tar south at Roosevelt road, inclusive, and
on the north branch to Kinzie street, in-
clusive, 6:30 to 9 a. m. and 4:30 to 6:30 p. m.;
on the north branch from Kinzie, exclusive,
to Halsted Street, inclusive, and on the south
branch from Roosevelt road, exclusive, to
Halsted street, inclusive. 6 to 7 a m and
5:30 to 6:30 p. m.: all other bridges from
6 to 7 a. m. and 6 to 7 p. m. Rush street
bridge may be opened half an hour earlier
m evening to admit passage of passenger
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
751
OFFICERS.
President— Charles W. Folds.
First Vice-President—Julius Rosenwald.
Second Vice-President—Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen.
Secretary — Charles A. Munroe.
Treasurer — David R. Foreran.
General Superintendent— Joel D. Hunter.
Directors Representing the Community at
Large.
Mrs. Emmons Elaine. William McCormick
Blair. Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen. Walter S.
Brewster. William H. Bush, Marquis Eaton,
Charles H Hamill. Charles W. Folds. David
R Forgan, L. A. Goddaid. Mrs. Louise M.
Greeley. N. B. Higbie. Mrs. James L. Hough-
teling. Otis McG. Howard, L. Wilbur Messer,
Charles A. Munroe. Potter Palmer. Julius
Rosenwald. Howard Van D. Shaw. Harold H.
Swift, Harry A. Wheeler. Harold F. White.
Dean John H. Wigmore.
Directors Representing the Districts.
Mrs. Ralph Bourne. Miss Naomi Donnelley.
Mrs. John V. Farwell. Mrs. Roderick Find-
lay. Mrs. William Hubbard. Judge Edmund
Jarecki. George B. Masslik, Miss Gertrude
Ray, Angus Roy Shannon. Mrs. H. N. Tolles.
Executive Staff, 1919-1920.
General Superintendent— Joel D. Hunter.
Asst. Gen. Superintendent — Miss Amelia Sears.
Financial Secretary— Edwin C. Jones.
Director. Intercity Inquiries— Miss Lulu Parks.
Cashier— Miss Bess G. Davies.
Registrar, Registration Bureau— Miss Florence
Z. Dtipuis.
Statistician— Miss Elizabeth B. Hughes.
UNITED CHARITIES OF CHICAGO.
168 North Michigan avenue.
STATISTICS. 1918-1919.
Families Dealt With.
New (families asking aid from us for
the first time) 2877
Old (i. e.. known to U. C. in other
years) ,. 3966
Families under care with plans for re-
habilitation .. 0842
Number of instances in which families
were counseled with or reported on
not needing treatment 44
Number of persons in families asking aid.3 '
Employment Secured.
Temporary, odd or day jobs, times 358
Employment that should be regular,
instances 194
Relief work devised and paid for by
U. C. as a substitute for direct relief
(number of persons) 369
1:111
Legal Aid Secured for Families.
Poliae (persons) ,
Lawyers ( families)
Societies (families) 318
Courts (adults) 173
104
23
Courts (children)
From.
Medical Aid Secured.
450
Persons.
Amouiance service 34
Health department 59
purses 1.257
bounty doctor 1081
Private physician l!735
Dispensaries 3 020
Hospitals or convalescent homes 1.545
ARCTIC AND
THE POLAR RECORD.
Arctic.
Tear. Explorer. , Deg
1854— E. K. Kane 80
1871— Capt. Hall 8.2
1876— Capt. Nares 83
1879— Lieut. De Long 77
1882— Lieut. Greely 83
1890— Lieut. Peary 83
1891— Lieut. Peary 83
1895 — Fridtjof Nansen 86
1900— Duke d'Abruzzi 86
1902— Lieut. Peary 84
1904— Anthony Fiala 83
ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION.
Year. Explorer. Deg.
1906 — Commander Peary 87
Min. 1909— Commander Peary 90
56* Antarctic.
16 1774— Capt. Cook 71
10 1-823— Capt. Weddell .. 74
15 1842— Capt. Ross 77
24 1895— Borchgrevink 74
50 1898— De Gerlache 71
24 1900— Borchgrevink 78
14 1902— Capt. Robert F. Scott 82
33 1909— Lieut. Shackleton 88
17 1911— Roald Amundsen 90
13 1912— Capt. Robert F. Scott 90
Min.
(Pole?
15
15
49
10
36
50
17
23
(Pole)
(Pole)
SURVIVING CHICAGO
David W. Clark. "Fireking" No. 1.
W. N. Danks. "Hope" hose No. 2.
Harvey Doty, "Liberty" hose No. 6.
John Leady, "Excelsior" No. 5.
George Leiger, "Eagle" No. 7.
J. M. Mahler. "Eagle" No. 7.
!E. Mendson. "Garden City" No. 6.
John J. O'Neil. "Niagara" No. 3.
James Schreiner. "Eagle" No. 7.
George Sinclair. "Eagle" No. 7.
Laurence Walsh, "Niagara" No. 3.
William Wayman, "Excelsior" No. 5.
VETERAN FIREMEN.
VETERANS FROM 1871.
I. M. Adler. A. Breit. J. J. Berry. F. Berry.
A. J. Calder, J. G. Carlson. J. Campion. Colvin
L. Cole, P. Dignan, James Donigan. F. J.
Gund. G. Lathrop. G. Leady. J. M. Lanf. J. J.
O'Neil. Thomas O'Leary. J. C. Pazen. A. W.
Pendleton, Conrad Ruhl. C. Schimmels. C.
Schroeder, G. Steurnagel, G. W. Wells. L. J.
Walsh. N. Weinand. Thomas Canty.
Officers of the Fire Veterans of 1871: Presi-
dent. J. C. Pazen: vice-president, J. G. Carlson:
secretary. Capt. C. Schimmels: treasurer. John
J. Berry: historian. Owen J. Shevlin.
THE CHICAGO ASSOCIATION OF COMMERCE.
Headquarters 10 South LaSalle street.
President— Willys W. Baird.
Vice-President—Joseph R. Noel.
Vice-President Interstate and Foreign Trade
Division — John P. Hovland.
Vic^-President Civic Industrial Division— Irving'
Washington.
Vice-President Local Division— Emil C. Wetten.
General Secretary — Joseph F. Davis.
General Treasurer— M. A. Traylor.
Official Staff.
Business Manager — Robprt B. Beach.
Assistant to President— Lieut. -Col. H. F. Miller.
Editor Chicago Commerce — William Hudson
Harper: managing editor, Joseph M. Sheahan.
Traffic Director— H. C. Barlow.
Manager Convention Bureau — George M. Span-
gler. Jr.
Foreign Trade Commissioner — H. H. Garver.
762
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Industrial unrest prevailed in most coun-
tries of the world throughout the whole of
1919 to an extent not previously known.
There were many causes for this state of
affairs, but the main ones were these: The
general dislocation of industry, finance and
business by the world war resulting in many
inequalities in wages and conditions of work:
the high cost of living due to decreased
production and increased wages: agitation by
communists and other radical elements and
the spread of ideas aiming to overthrow the
existing economic and political systems and
the elevation to power of the proletariat.
It is impossible in the space available to
give more than a bare outline of a few of
the more serious labor difficulties in the United
States or to make more than a mere mention
of similar troubles in other lands. At the
very beginning of the year railroad and other
strikes were in progress in Argentina. Peru
and Chile. It was reported from Buenos Aires
alone that 800 persons had been killed and
6.000 injured in labor riots.
On Jan. 21 a strike of shipyard workers in
Seattle. Wash., and vicinity led to a sympa-
thetic strike involving 55.000 workers and
causing the business life of the city and of
Tacoma as well to come almost to a stand-
still. It was in connection with this strike
that Ole Hanson, then mayor of Seattle, is-
sued a proclamation that made him famous.
On Feb. 7- he told the people that the time had
come for every person in the city to show his
Americanism. "The agitators in this com-
munity." he said, "shall not rule its affairs.'
On the following day he issued a statement
which was also widely quoted. "This." he
said, "is a test of unionism or I. W. W.-ism.
II there are those who owe higher allegiance
to any organization than they do to this
country, they are traitors and should be treat-
ed as such. That is all there is to it. This
is a time for union men to stand up and be
counted. This is a time when every Amer-
ican must forget all other allegiances and
stand by the government."
In February and March Britain faced strikes
or threats of strikes by the railroad, mine and
transport workers. Earnest efforts by the
government were to some extent successful
in preventing a serious industrial disaster at
this time and also during the following months,
though strikes were numerous enough in vari-
ous parts of England, Scotland and Ireland.
WINNIPEG STRIKE.
Winnipeg. Man., in May and June was the
scene of a determined strike in which all of
the local unions were involved and in which
much bitterness of feeling developed. The
business of the city was paralyzed for a
month or more and order was maintained
LABOR TROUBLES IN 1919.
RAILROAD STRIKES.
Railroad shopmen in the Chicago district
and some other points went on a strike July
30 without the sanction of their own officials
for an increase in wages to 85 cents an hpur.
The operations of several of the western iin«.:s
were handicapped for a time and the num-
ber of trains had to be materially reduced.
The situation was getting critical when Presi-
dent Wilson on Aug. 7 notified Director-Gen-
eral Hines of the railway administration to in-
form the shopmen that until they again rec-
ognized the authority of their own organiza-
tion and returned to work the whole matter
must be at a standstill. A vote was taken
on Aug. 14 and on Aug. 16 the men returned
to work.
In the latter part of July the four principal
brotherhoods of railroad employes pressed de-
mands for higher wages upon the railroad ad-
ministration. They also urged that the rail-
roads be turned over to them for operation.
President Wilson on Aug. 1 asked congress to
defer its proposed recess and initiate legisla-
tion to avert a series of strikes by the rail-
road employes. He suggested through Di-
rector-General Hines that a commission be cre-
ated adequately representing both the public
and labor to pass on railroad wage problems.
The railroad unions on Aug. 6 expressed their
disapproval of this suggestion. They demanded
the enactment of legislation in conformity
with a plan put forward by Glenn E. Plumb,
a Chicago attorney. In substance this pro-
vided that the government purchase the rail-
roads and turn them over at a nominal rental
to a body called the National Railways ©perait-
ing corporation to manage the properties
through a board of fifteen directors, five rep-
resenting the classified employes, five the of-
ficial employes and five the general public,
to be appointed by the president of the United
States. Hearings were had and attempts were
made to frame a measure to meet the situ-
ation, but without success.
Railroad employes in England, under the
leadership of James Henry Thomas, began a
strike Sept. 27 for higher wages. It was
precipitated somewhat suddenly, although
negotiations had been going on for some time
with the government, and the public was put
to great inconvenience and loss. Trucks, au-
tomobiles and horse drawn vehicles were used
extensively and were able to meet the most
pressing demands for food and fuel for the
time being. The strike lacked populnr sym-
pathy and it resulted in a virtual defeat for
the men, although the government consented
to continue the existing rate of pay for a year
and to negotiate for a new wage scale.
Traffic on the railroad lines in southern
California was tied up in the latter part of
August by trainmen who acted without the
and the public utilities kept tcoing- only by \ authority of their own officials. The men re-
the municipal authorities swearing in a large turned to work after stern admonition from
number of returned soldiers. The general
strike was called off June 26. when it was
agreed to leave terms of settlement of the orig-
inal strike to a government commission.
On June 11 a strike of all the members of
the Commercial Telegraphers' Union of Amer-
ica was called by S. J. Konenkamp, the inter-
national president, and a few operotors in
Omaha and other cities went out. The order
was generally disregarded and the strike ended
quickly.
LONDON POLICEMEN OUT.
On Aug. 1 London's police force of 20,000
men went out on a strike against a pro-
posed law prohibiting policemen from affiliat-
ing with labor unions or striking under any
circumstances. The men were placated and
soon returned to work.
the railroad men and union chiefs that any
other course would be a grave mistake.
ACTORS QUIT WORK.
On Aug. 7 many of the theaters in New
York city were closed by a strike of the actors
and on Aug. 12 a similar state of affairs de-
veloped in Chicago. The strike was called by
the Actors' Equity association and was di-
rected by Francis Wilson, president of the
organization. The main reason for the walk-
out seemed to be the refusal of the Producing
Managers' association to recognize the Equity
association. For a time there was a tangle
which dimmed the footlights in many cities
and resulted in suits and threats of suits for
heavy damages. Heavy losses were sustained
both by the managers and actors and finally
a compromise was reached and the strike
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
753
was called off on Sept. 6. Augustus Thomas,
the playwright, acted as intermediary, with
the result that the actors agreed to the "open
shop" principle and all the other differences
were adjusted. Some 200 theaters were closed
nearly four weeks by the strike.
In New York city the employes of the In-
terboroug-h company's elevated and subway
system struck for an increase of 50 per cent
in their wages and tied UP the lines Aug. 16
and 17 On the 18th the men accepted an in-
crease 'of 25 per ont and returned to work.
The car lines in Louisville. Ky.. were tied up
temporarily by a strike on Ai'T. 19.
Three companies of soldiers were sent to
Cudahy. Wis.. Aug-. 19. to quell rioting: at
the Cudahy Packing- company's plant. In the
disturbance one man was killed and a score
were injured.
BOSTON POLICE STRIKE.
Members of the Boston police force went on
strike Sept. 9 because the police department
had issued an order prohibiting the formation
of a police union and affiliation with the
American Federation of Labor and because
nineteen policemen had been suspended for
violating: the order. Just as soon as the
policemen quit work noting and looting be-
gan It was estimated that within twenty-
lour hours there was a property loss of $300.-
000. A few of the police remained loyal, but
about 1.600 deserted their posts. Efforts were
made to secure protection by organizing a
volunteer force and employing the metropolitan
park police, but it soon became necessary to
call out the entire state guard of Massa-
chusetts and to hold federal troops in reserve.
Collisions between the troops and mobs took
place and a number of persons were killed.
Mayor A J Peters and Gov. Calvin Cool dge
took a firm 'stand against making any com-
promise with the strikers, whose action was
generally condemned. On Sept. 11 in Helena.
Mont President Wilson said: "I want to say
this that a strike of the policemen of a
great city, leaving the city at the mercy of
an army of thugs, is a crime against civiliza-
tion. In my judgment the obligation of a
policeman is as sacred and direct as t
obligation of a soldier. He is a public serv-
ant not a private employe, and the whole
honor of the community is in his hands
No concessions were made to the strikers,
whose places were gradually filled with new
In the campaign for the governorship
of Massachusetts in which Calvin Coolidge
sought re-election the maintenance of law and
orter was made the chief issue by him and
on Nov. 4 he won by a most decisive major-
ity over his democratic opponent, who look
the side of the policemen.
STANDARD STEEL CAR STRIKE.
On July 18 3.000 men employed at the plant
of the Standard Steel company at Hammond.
Ind . struck for an incre~.se in wages and for
» closed shop. The strike was marked by
rioting in which five lives were lost and
seventy persons received injuries, the most
serious clashes occurring on Aug. 15 and
Sept 9. State troops were called out and
order was maintained until Oct. 29, when the
car company granted a 7 per cent increase
In wages but refused to grant the closed shop
principle. The strike then ended.
NEW YORK PRINTING TRADES STRIKE.
On Oct 1 some 10.000 members of New
York city printing trades unions employed in
250 plants from which are issued a large
number of magazines and trade papers, were
forced out of work by a simultaneous lockout
and strike. The action followed the refusal
of the employers to grant a forfy^our hour
week and a weekly increase ci $14 in all
wage scales. Under an agreement with the
International Typographical union the forty-
four hour week was to become effective May
1. 1921, but the men insisted that it go into
effect Oct. 1. 1919. They also refused an offer
of a wage increase of $6 a week. The issue
of the leading weekly and monthly publications
was made almost impossible in the majority of
cases. Nov. 23 the printers voted to return
to work.
CHICAGO TRACTION STRIKE.
Employes of the surface and elevated car
lines in Chicago in the latter part of July,
while the city was in the midst of a violent
race riot, demanded on pain of a strike that
they be given an eight hour day. 85 cents an
hour wages, time and a half for overtime. 80
per cent straight runs and no run over ten
I hours. Negotiations, in which the officials of the
companies, the officers of the employes' union
and Gov. Frank O. Lowden took part, resulted
in a compromise offer by the car lines of 65
cents an hour for men receiving 48 cents an
hour, and a 17 cent increase for all other em-
ployes, an eight hour day, 60 per cent of all
runs to be straight and all runs to be com-
pleted within eight hours. This was for the
surface line employes. The elevated road men
were offered 67 cents an hour for those re-
ceiving 50 cents and a 17 cent increase for
the others, an eight hour day with time and
a half for overtime. 70 per cent of all runs
to be completed in eight hours and all runs
to be completed within thirteen hours. The
union officials accepted the offer, but the men
rejected it and went on strike at 4 a. m.,
July 29.
The tieup continued until 5 a. m.. Aug. 2.
when it was called off by a referendum vote
in which those in favor of accepting the com-
promise carried the day by the narrow margin
of 386 votes. During the four days of the
strike the people of Chicago doing business in
the downtown district or at points distant
from their residences were compelled to ride
to and from work in automobiles, trucks, taxi-
cabs and other motor vehicles and naturally
suffered much inconvenience and delay.
The result of the strike was that the trac-
tion companies in order to meet the expense
put upon them by the increase in wages were
empowered by the state utilities commission
to charge 7 cent fares on the surface line and
8 cents on the elevated roads. The higher
fares went into effect Aug. 8.
CARPENTERS' STRIKE IN CHICAGO.
Building operations in Chicago were at a
complete standstill during most of the sum-
mer and early fall of 1919 owing to strike
and lockout of union carpenters and other
building trades men. The men demanded $1
an hour, while the contractors were willing
to pay only 92% cents. The carpenters won
their point and went back to work Sept. 22
after having been out ten weeks.
STRIKE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY.
In August it became evident that the em-
ployes of the United States Steel corporation
and affiliated companies were determined to
strike to gain what they called their twelve
basic demands and a number of minor ones.
The basic demands were:
1. Right of collective bargaining.
2. Reinstatement of all men discharged for
union activities with pay for time lost.
3. The eight hour day.
4. One day's rest in seven.
5. Abolition of twenty-four hour shifts.
6. Increases in wages sufficient to guaran-
tee American standards of living.
7. Standard scales of wages for all crafts
'and classifications of workers.
764
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
8. Double rates of pay for all overtime work
and for work on Sundays and holidays.
9. Check off ;system of collecting- union
dues and assessment*.
10. Principles of seniority to apply in
maintaining, reducing- and increasing working
forces.
11. Abolition of company unions.
12. Abolition of physical examination of ap-
plicants for employment.
Twenty-four' unions in the steel industry
made these demands through W. Z. Foster,
their chief spokesman. They made efforts to
reach E. H. Gary, chairman of the board of
the United States Sieel corporation, but he
declined to enter into negotiations. It was
claimed that less than one-half of the em-
ployes in the industry were union men and
that the corporation would insist on main-
taining the open shop principle. The cause of
the strikers was championed by John Fitz-
patrick and other representatives of the
American Federation of Labor, but no settle-
ment was reached and on Sept. 10 a
strike was called for Sept. 22. President Wil-
son urged a postponement of the strike until
after an industrial conference in Washington,
D. C.. could be held. The steel employes re-
jected his suggestion on the ground that they
could not afford to wait and so informed
him in a letter made public Sept. 18.
Further efforts to come to an understanding
were made, but without avail, and on Sept. '20,
two days before the time set. mary of the
employes in the Gary (Ind.) mills of the
steel corporation walked out. The same ac-
tion was taken the next day at Pittsburgh,
Pa.. Youngstown, O.. Indiana Harbor. Ind..
South Chicago. HI.. Joliet. 111., Milwaukee,
Wis.. and other places. However, not all the
men went out and many of the mills continued
to operate partially. The union chiefs claimed
that 327.000 men had ceased work, but the
figure was said by the steel officials to be
much too high. Disorders occurred early in
the strike at Pittsburgh. P,a., and at various
other points in the east, resulting in several
death!.
On Sept. 23 the United States senate in-
structed its committee on labor to investigate
the strike and that body immediately sum-
moned before it E. H. Gary. John Fitzpatrick
and others. They appeared and testified, but
nothing was accomplished and the strike went
on. More of the steel mills reopened daily and
conflicts became more numerous. On Oct. 4
the disturbances in Gary and Indiana Harbor
became so serious that eleven companies of
state troops were ordered on duty there. This
was not deemed sufficient for the protection
ol the men desiring to work and on Oct. 6
Ma j. -Gen. Leonard Wood, at the request of
Gov. James P. Goodrich of Indiana, placed
Gary. East Chicago and Indiana Harbor un-
der martial law and called in 4,000 federal
troops to maintain order. This move was
(successful. The unruly elements were sub-
dued and no more rioting occurred. Many
arrests were made of radicals, among them
several agents of the Russian bolsheviki with
large quantities of "red" propaganda. By Nov.
1 the union officials admitted that the strike
was a failure, as most of the men had gone
back to work.
AMERICAN MINERS' STRIKE.
In November the industrial unrest in the
United States came to a climax with a gen-
eral strike of the miners. On Oct. 25 Presi-
dent Wilson issued a statement in which he
recounted the facts leading to the action taken
by the miners and his reasons for disapprov-
ing of this course. The statement follows:
"On Sept. 23, 1919. the convention of the
United Mine Workers of America at Cleve-
land, O., adopted a proposal declaring that
all contracts in the bituminous field shall be
declared as having automatically expired Nov.
1. 1919, and making various demands, in-
cluding a 60 per cent increase in wages and
the adoption of a six hour work day and a
five day week; and providing that, in the
event a satisfactory wage agreement should
not be secured for the central competitive
field before Nov. 1. 1919, the national of-
ficials should be authorized and instructed to
call a general strike of all bituminous miners
and mine workers throughout the United
States, effective Nov. 1. 1919.
"Pursuant to these instructions, the officers
of the organization have issued a call to make
the strike effective Nov. 1. This is one of the
gravest steps ever proposed in this country
affecting the economic welfare and the do-
mestic comfort and health of the people.
"It is proposed to abrogate an agreement as
to wages which was made with the sanction
of the United States fuel administration and
which was to run during the continuance of
the war. but not beyond April 1, 1920.
"This strike is proposed at a time when the
government is making the most earnest effort
to reduce the cost of living and has appealed
with success to other classes of workers to
postpone similar disputes until a reasonable
opportunity has been afforded for dealing with
the cost of living.
"It is recognized that the strike would
practically shut off the country's supply of its
principal fuel at a time when interference
with that supply is calculated to create a dis-
astrous fuel famine. All interests would be
affected alike by a strike of this character,
and its victims would be not the rich only
but the poor and the needy as well— those
least able to provide in advance a fuel supply
for domestic use.
"It would involve the shutting down of
countless industries and the throwing out of
employment of a large part of the workers
of the country. It would involve stopping the
operation of railroads, electric light and gas
plants, street railway lines, and other public
utilities, and the shipping to and from this
country, thus preventing our giving aid to
the allied countries with supplies which they
so seriously need.
"The country is confronted with this pros-
pect at a time when the war itself is still
a fact, when the world is still in suspense
as to negotiations for peace, when our troops
are still being transported and when their
means of transport is in urgent need of fuel.
"From whatever angle the subject may be
viewed, it is apparent that such a strike in
such circumstances would be the most far-
reaching plan ever presented in this country
to limit the facilities of production and dis-
tribution of a necessity of life and thus in-
directly to restrict the production and dis-
tribution of all the necessaries of life.
"A strike under these circumstances is not
only unjustifiable, it is unlawful.
"The action proposed has apparently been
taken without any vote upon the specific
proposition by the individual members of the
United Mine Workers of America throughout
the United States, an almost unprecedented
proceeding.
"I cannot believe that any right of any
American worker needs for its protection the
taking of this extraordinary step, and I am
convinced that when the time and manner are
considered it constitutes a fundamental at-
tack, which is wrong both morally and le-
gally, upon the rights of society and upon
the welfare of our country.
"I feel convinced that individual members
of the United Mine Workers would not vote.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
755
tipon full consideration, in favor of such a
strike under these conditions.
"When a movement reaches the point where
it appears to involve practically the entire
productive capacity of the country with re-
spect to one of the most vital necessities of
daily domestic and industrial life, and when
the movement is asserted in the circumstances
I have stated, and at a time and in a manner
calculated to involve the maximum of danger
to the public welfare in this critical hour of
our country's life, the public interest be'comes
the paramount consideration.
"In these circumstances I solemnly request
both the national and the local officers and
also the individual members of the United
Mine Workers of America to recall all orders
looking1 to a strike on Nov. 1 and to take
whatever steps may be necessary to prevent
any stoppage of work.
"It is time for plain speaking. These mat-
ters with which we now deal touch not
only the welfare of a class but vitally con-
cern the well-being, the comfort, and the very
life of all the people. I feel it my duty in
the public interest to declare that any at-
tempt to carry out the purposes of this strike
and thus to paralyze the industry of the
country, with the consequent suffering and
distress of all our people, must be considered
a grave moral and legal wrong against the
government and the people of the United
States.
"I can do nothing less than to say that the
law will be enforced and means will be found
to protect the interests of the nation in any
emergency that may arise out of this un-
happy business.
"I express no opinion on the merits of the
controversy. I have already suggested a plan
by which a settlement may be reached, and
I hold myself in readiness at the request of
either or both sides to appoint at once a
tribunal to investigate all the facts with a
view to aiding in the earliest possible orderly
settlement of the questions at issue between
the coal operators and the coal miners, to the
end that the just rights not only of those in-
terests but also of the general public may
be fully protected."
President Wilson's appeal proved of little
effect. A conference of executive officers of
the United Mine Workers of America took
place in Indianapolis, Ind.. Oct. 29. It was
decided to go ahead with the strike and on
Nov. 1 nearly all the mines ceased to
operate. Between 375.000 and 400.000 men
quit work. This was in the face of the fact
that Judge A. B. Anderson in Indianapolis,
Ind.. at the request of Attorney-General
Palmer in Washington had issued an injunc-
tion forbidding the union officials from taking
any part in the strike. At the same time the
war orders regarding mining and the trans-
portation of coal were put back in force by
Fuel Administrator Garfield.
On Nov. 8 at Indianapolis Judge Anderson
issued an order directed to the officers of the
United Mine Workers of America to rescind
the strike order of Oct. 15. This was done,
but work was not generally resumed anywhere
in the bituminous field. The shortage of
coal soon made itself felt and some of the
roads had to cancel the less important trains
and reduce the equipment of others.
INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE.
In August it became known that President
Wilson had in mind a plan for a conference
between representatives of employers and em-
ployes in industries and of the public. His
idea was to develop something which would
result in greater harmony between labor and
capital and in some kind of revolution in
the wage system. This was announced in
his labor day message made public Aug. 31.
In September the conference was fixed to be
held in Washington, D. C.. beginning Oct. 6.
On Sept. 17 while in San Francisco the presi-
dent announced the names of twenty-two men
who were to represent the public at the con-
ference. They were Bernard M. Baruch, Robert
S. Brookings. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Elbert
H. Gary, Charles W. Eliot, Charles E. Russell.
John Spargo. O. E. Bradfute, Ward Burgess,
F. R. Galloway. Thos. L. Chadbourne, Charles
G. Dawes, H. B. Endicott, Paul L. Fiess.
Edwin F. Gray, George R. James, Thomas D.
Jones, A. L. Landon, E. T. Meredith, Gavin
McNab. L. D. Sweet and Louis Titus. Not
all of these men accepted the honor, Mr.
Dawes being one of those who declined.
On Sept. 22 Samuel Gompers announced the
names of fifteen men who would take part
in the conference. They were besides him-
self J. F. Valentine. Frank Duffy. W. D.
Mahon. T. A. Rickert, Jacob Fischer. Frank
Morrison, Daniel J. Tobin. John L. Lewis.
Sara A. Conboy. William H. Johnston, Paul
Scharrenberg. John Donlin and M. F. Tighe.
The conference began on the date fixed with
some sixty-odd delegates, including most
of those named above, but from the start it
was apparent that an agreement of any kind
was quite unlikely and that no new or ac-
ceptable solution of the conflict between cap-
ital and labor would be found. The rock
on which the delegates split was the principle
of collective bargaining. This resolution waa
brought in by a committee of fifteen:
"The right of wage earners to organize in
trade and labor unions, to bargain collectively,
to be represented by representatives of their
own choosing in negotiations and adjustments
with employers, and in respect to wages, hours
of labor, and rules and conditions of employ-
ment, is recognized.
"This must not be understood as limiting1
the right of any wage earner to refrain from
joining any organization or to deal directly
with his employer if he chooses."
In opposition to this the employers' group
presented the following:
"Resolved. That, without in any way lim-
iting the right of a wage earner to refrain
from joining any association or to deal di-
rectly with his employer as he chooses, the
right of wage earners in private as dis-
tinguished from government employment to
organize in trade and labor unions, in shop
industrial councils, or other lawful form of
association, to bargain collectively, to be rep-
resented by representatives of their own choos-
ing in negotiations and adjustments with em-
ployers in respect to wages, hours of labor, and
other conditions of employment, is recognized:
and the right of the employer to deal or not
to deal with men or groups of men who are
not his employes and chosen by and from
among them is recognized: no denial is in-
tended of the right of an employer and his
workers voluntarily to agree upon the form
of their representative relations."
The labor resolution, amended so as to leave
out any . reference to trade and labor unions,
came up for action on Oct. 22 when the em-
ployers voted against it. The labor delegates
then, led by Mr. Gompers, left the confer-
ence in spite of the fact that on the same day
from his sick room President Wilson had sent
an appeal that an earnest effort be made to
come to an agreement. Attempts to continue
the meeting failed and on Oct. 24 it finally-
ended.
President Wilson on Nov. 20 appointed mem-
bers of a new industrial conference to be held
in Washington, D. C., beginning Dec. 1.
756
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
WORK OF SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS— FIRST SPECIAL SESSION (MAY 20-NOV. 19.
On May 7, 1919. while in Paris. France.
President Wilson issued a call for a special
session of congress to begin May 19. The
session began on the date named. Representa-
tive Frederick H. Gillett of Massachusetts, a
republican, was elected speaker of the house
and Senator Albert B. Cummins of Iowa, re-
publican, was elected president pro tempore
of the senate. Following is a list of the
more important measures passed:
An act to prohibit intoxicating beverages,
and to regulate the manufacture, production,
use and sale of high-proof spirits for other
than beverage purposes, and to secure an am-
ple supply of alcohol and promote its use in
scientific research and in the development of
fuel, dye and other lawful industries: became
a law without the president's approval, being
passed over his veto Oct. 28.
An act for the repeal of the daylight-saving
law: vetoed by the president Aug. 15 but
passed over his veto by the house Aug. 19
and by the senate Aug. 20.
Joint resolution submitting woman suffrage
amendment to the federal constitution: passed
house May 21 and senate June 4. (See Wom-
an Suffrage in this volume.)
Joint resolution tendering the thanks of the
American people and the congress of the
United States to Gen. John J. Pershing. and
to the officers and men of the American ex-
peditionary force: approved Sept. 29. 1919.
An act relating to the creation of the office
of general of the armies of the United States;
approved Sept. 3. 1919.
An act to provide the necessary commis-
sioned personnel for the army until June 30.
1920: approved Sept. 17. 1919.
Joint resolution authorizing the appointment
of an ambassador to Belgium: approved Se. t.
29. 1919.
An act to incorporate the American Legion;
approved Sept. 16. 1919.
Joint resolution to authorize the president
to convene a meeting of an international labor
conference in Washington. D. C.: approved
Aug. 15. 1919.
An act to incorporate 'the Near East Relief:
approved Aug. 6, 1919.
An act to repeal the joint resolution ap-
proved July 16. 1918. authorizing- the presi-
dent to take over the telegraph, telephone and
cable lines of the country; approved July 11.
1919.
An act to amend an act entitled "An act to
provide further for the national security and
defense by encouraging the production, con-
serving the supply and controlling the distri-
bution of food products and fuel": approved
Oct. 22. 1919.
An act to amend a. act of congress ap-
proved March 12. 1914. relating to the con-
struction and operation of railroads in Alaska:
became a law without the president's approval
Oct. 17. 1919.
An act to penalize persons transporting
stolen automobiles from one state to another:
became a law without the president's approval
Nov. 8. 1919.
Appropriation bills were passed as follows:
For owners o<f railroads under federal con-
trol. 8750,000,000: approved June 30, 1919.
For bureau of Indian affairs; approved June
30. 191 P
For the support of the naval service: ap-
proved July 11, 1919.
For supplying deficiencies: approved July
11. 1919.
For District of Columbia expenses: approved
July 11. 1919.
For the support of the army: approved July
11. 1919.
For sxindry civil expenses: approved July
19. 1919.
For the department of agriculture; approved
July 24. 1919.
NATIONAL PROHIBITION ACT.
Following- are the main features of the na-
tional prohibition act which was vetoed by
President Wilson Oct. 27 but was passed over
his veto by the house the same day and by
the senate on the 28th: Title I. provides for
the enforcement of war prohibition. The first
section defines the words "beer, wine or other
intoxicating malt and vinous liquors" in the
war prohibition act as meaning any such bev-
erages which contain one-half of 1 per cent
of alcohol by volume. The second section
provides for the arrest and prosecution by the
commissioner of internal revenue of persons
violating the feet. Section 3 defines any
room or other place where intoxicating liquor
is kept for sale as a public and common nui-
sance and the keeper thereof subject to a fine
of not less than 8100 nor more than 81.000
and to imprisonment of from thirty days to
one year, or both. Sections 4 and 5 des-
ignate the methods of trying and punishing1
violators of the law. Section 6 provides
that if any section of the act is declared in-
valid the other sections shall continue in force
and section 7 declares that none of the
provisions of the act shall be construed to re-
1 sal any of the clauses of the "war prohibi-
tion act."
The first two sections of Title II. of the
act define various terms used in Title II. and
Title III. and provide for the prosecution by
the commissioner of internal revenue and his
assistants of violators of the law. Section*
3 and 4 read:
"Sec. 3. No person shall on or after the
date when the eighteenth amendment to the
constitution of the United States goes into
effect, manufacture, sell, barter, transport, im-
port, export, deliver, furnish or possess any
intoxicating liquor except as authorized in this
act, and all the provisions of this act Khali
be liberally construed to the end that the use
of intoxicating liquor as a beverage may be
prevented. Liquor for nonbeverage purposes
nnd wine for sacramental purposes may be
manufactured, purchased, sold, bartered, trans-
ported, imported, exported, delivered, fur-
nished and possessed, but only as herein pro-
vided, and the commissioner may. upon appli-
cation, issue permits therefor: Provided, That
nothing in this act shall prohibit the purchase
and sale of warehouse receipts covering dis-
tilled spirits on d°posit in government bonded
warehouses, and no special tax liability shall
rttach to the business of purchasing and sell-
ing such warehouse receipts.
"Sec. 4. The articles enumerated in this
section shall not, after having been manufac-
tured and prepared for the market, be subject
to the provisions of this act if they corre-
spond with the following descriptions and lim-
itations, namely :
"(a) Denatured alcohol or denatured rum
produced and used as provided by laws and
regulations now or hereafter in forc°.
"(b) Medicinal preparations manufactured
in accordance with formulas prescribed by the
United States Pharmaconrr-ia, National Formu-
lary or the American Institute of Homeonathy
that are unfit for vse for beverage purposes.
"(c) Patented, patent and proprietary med-
icines that are unfit for use for beverage pur-
(d) Toilet, medicinal and antiseptic prep-
arations and solutions that are unfit for use
for beverage purposes.
"(e) Flavoring extracts and sirups that are
unfit for use as a beverage, or for intoxicat-
ing beverage p\irposes.
"(f) Vinegar and preserved sweet cider.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
75;
"A person who manufactures any of the ar-
ticles mentioned in this section may purchase
and possess liquor for that purpose, but he
shall secure permits to manufacture such ar-
ticles and to purchase such liquor, give the
bonds, keep the records and make the re-
ports specified in this act and as directed by
the commissioner. No such manufacturer
shall sell, use or dispose of any liquor other-
wise than as an ingredient of the articles au-
thorized to be manufactured therefrom. No
more alcohol shall be used in the manufac-
ture of any extract, sirup or the articles
named in paragraphs b. c and d of this sec-
tion which may be used for beverage purposes
than the quantity necessary for extraction or
solution of the elements contained therein and
lor t"he preservation of the article.
"Any person who shall knowingly sell any
of the articles mentioned in paragraphs a. b.
c and d of this section for beverage purposes,
or any extract or sirup for intoxicating1 bever-
agre purposes, or who shall sell any of the
same under circumstances from which the
seller might reasonably deduce the intention
of the purchaser to use them for such pur-
poses, or shall sell any beverage containing1
one-half of 1 per centum or more of alcohol
by volume in which, any extract, sirup or
other article is used as an ingredient, sh^ll be
subject to the penalties provided in section
29 of this title. If the commissioner shall
find, after notice and hen ring as provided for
in section 6 of this title, that any person
has sold any flavoring' extract, sirup or bev-
erage in violation of this paragraph, he shall
notify such person, and any known principal
lor whom the sale was made, to desist from
selling- such article: and it shall thereupon be
unlawful for a period of one year thereafter
lor any person so notified to sell any such
extract, sirup or beverage without making- an
application for. giving a bond and obtaining1
a permit so to do, which permit may be issued
upon such conditions as the commissioner may
deem necessary to prevent such illegal srles.
and in addition the commissioner shall require
a record and report of sales."
Section 5 provides for the cancellation of
permits of manufacturers of the articles men-
tioned in the preceding1 section who violate the
requirements of the law. In section 6 it is
provided that no one shall m?nulacture. sell,
purchase, transport or prescribe any liquor
without first obtaining1 a permit from the
commissioner so to do. except that a person
may. without a permit, purchase and use
liquor for medicinal purposes when prescribed
by a physician, and except that any person
who in the opinion of the commissioner is
conducting1 a bona fide hospital or sanitarium
engaged in the treatment of persons suffering
from alcoholism, may purchase and use, in
accordance with the methods in use in such
institution, liquor to be administered to the
patients of such institution under the direction
of a duly qualified physician.
All permits to manufacture, prescribe, sell
or transport liquor may be issued for one
year, and shall expire on the 31st day of De-
cember next succeeding1 the issuance thereof.
Permits to purchase liquor for the purpose of
manufacturing1 or selling1 as provided in this
act shall not be in force to exceed ninety days
from the day of issuance. A permit to pur-
chase liquor for any other purpose shall not
be in force to exceed thirty days.
Nothing1 in this title shall be held to apply
to the manufacture, sale, transportation, im-
portation, possession or distribution of wine
for sacramental purposes or like religious
rites. No person to whom a permit mny be
issued to manufacture, transport, import or
sell wines for sacramental purposes or like
religious rites shall sell, barter, exchange or
furnish any such to any person not a rabbi,
minister of the grospel. priest or an officer duly
authorized for the purpose by any church or
congregation, nor to any such except upon an
application duly subscribed by him, which ap-
plication, authenticated as regulations may
prescribe, shall be filed and preserved by the
seller. The head of any conference or diocese
or other ecclesiastical jurisdiction may desig-
nate any rabbi, minister or priest to super-
vise the manufacture of wine to be used for
the purposes and rites in* this section men-
tioned. and the person so designated may. in
the discretion of the commissioner, be granted
a permit to supervise such manufacture.
Section 7 provides that no one but a physi-
cian holding1 a permit to prescribe liquor shall
issue any prescription lor liquor. And no
physician shall prescribe liquor unless after
careful physical examination of the person
for whose use such prescription is sougrht. 01
if such examination is found impracticable,
then upon the best information obtainable. h«
in g-ood faith believes that the use of, such
liquor as a medicine by such person is neces-
sary and will afford relief to him from some
known ailment. Not more than a pint oi
spirituous liquor to be taken internally shall be
prescribed for use by the same person within
any period of ten drys and no prescription
shall be filled more than once. Every pnysl.
cian who issues a prescription for liquor shall
keep a record, alphabetically arranged in a
book prescribed and furnished by the com*
missioner. which shall show the date of issue,
amount prescribed, to whom issued, the pur^
pose or ailment for which it is to be used
and directions for use. stating1 the amount and
frequency of the dose.
Section 8 designates the kind of blanks to be
furnished to the physicians and section 9 pro-
vides for the investigation of violations of
the conditions under which permits are issued
and the cancellation of such permits in cases
where willful violations are proved. Sections
10 and 11 provide for ths keeping- of elaborate
records by all persons manufacturing-, selling
or transporting liquor. Section 12 prescribes
the kind of Intels to be attached to all qon-
tainers of liquor. Section 13 makes it the
duty of every carrier to make a record at
the place of shipment of the receipt or any
liquor transported. Section 14 makes it un-
lawful for any person to ship liquor without
notifying- the carrier of the tme nature there-
of, while sections 15 and 16 make it unlawful
to accept shipments known to be falsely de-
scribed or to give any carrier an ordT enabling:
any person not a bona fide consignee to obtain
such liquor. Sections 17 to 20. inclusive, pro-
vide:
"It shall be unlawful to advertise anywhere,
or by any means or method, liquor, or the
manufacture, sale, keeping1 for sale or furnish-
ing- of the same, or where, how. from whom
or at what price the si; mo m y ba obtained.
No one shall permit any sign or billboard
containing1 such advertisement to remain
upon one's premises. But nothing1 herein shall
prohibit manufacturers and wholesale drug--
gists holding- permits to sell liquor from fur-
nishing1 price lists, with description of liquor
for sale, to persons permitted to purchase
liquor, or from advertising- alcohol in business
publications or trade journals circulating- gen-
erally among- manufacturers of lawful alco-
holic perfumes, toilet preparations, flavoring1
extracts, medicinal preparations and like arti-
cles: Provided, however. That nothing; in thit
act or in the act making appropriations for
the postoffice department, approved March 3.
1917 (Thirty-Ninth Statutes at Darg-e. Part 1.
pag-e 1058. et seq.). shall apply to newspapers
published in foreign countries when mailed to
this country.
758
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
"It shall be unlawful to advertise, manufac-
ture, sell or possess for sale any utensil, con-
trivance, machine, preparatipn. compound, tab-
let, substance, formula, direction or recipe
advertised, designed or intended for use in
the unlawful manufacture of intoxicating
liquor.
"No person shall solicit or receive, nor
knowingly permit his employe to solicit or re-
ceive, from any person any order for liquor or
give any information of how liquor may be
obtained in violation of this act.
"Any person wno. shall be injured in per-
son, property, means of support or otherwise
by any intoxicated person, or by reason of the
intoxication of any person, whether resulting
in his death or not. shall have a right of ac-
tion against any person who shall, by unlaw-
fully selling to or unlawfully assisting in pro-
curing liquor for such intoxicated person, have
caused or contributed to such intoxication,
and in any such action such person shall have
a right to recover actual and exemplary
damages."
Section 21 declares that all places where in-
toxicating liquor is manufactured, sold or kept
in violation of the law to be a common nui-
sance and subject to a fine of not more than
$1,000 and imprisonment ot not more than
one year, or both. Section 22 provides for is-
suing injunctions against the nuisance de-
scribed and section 23 provides that carrying
around liquor on the person or by a vehicle
of any kind to be subject to the same abate-
ment by injunction. It is provided in section
24 that violations of injunctions may be sum-
marily punished for contempt of court. Sec-
tion 25 provides:
"It shall be unlawful to have or possess
any liquor or property designed for the manu-
facture of liquor intended for use in violating
this title or which has been so used, and no
property rights shall exist in any such liquor
or property. A ssarch warrant may be issued
as provided in title XI. of public law num-
bered 24 of the 65th congress, approved June
15, 1917, and such liquor, the containers there-
of, and such property so seized shall be sub-
ject to such disposition as the court may make
thereof. If it is found that such liquor or
property was so unlawfully held or possessed,
or had been so unlawfully used, the liquor
and all property designed for the unlawful
manufacture of liquor shall be destroyed un-
less the court shall otherwise order. No search
warrant shall issue to search any private dwell-
ing occupied as such unless it is being used,
for the unlawful sale of intoxicating liquor,
or unless it is in part used for some business
purpose such as a store, shop, saloon, restau-
rant, hotel or boarding house. The term
'private dwelling1 shall be construed to in-
clude the room or rooms used and occupied
not transiently but solely as a residence in an
apartment house, hotel or boarding house.
The property seized on any such warrant shall
not be taken from the officer seizing the same
on any writ of replevin or other like process."
Section 26 provides for the seizure and
destruction of liquor being unlawfully trans-
ported in any wagon, buggy, automobile, water
or air craft or any other vehicle. In section
27 it is provided that seized liquors may be
sold by the government to persons having the
right to buy them for permissible uses. Sec-
tion 28 confers upon the commissioner of in-
ternal revenue and his assistants and all other
officers of the United States whose duty it is
to enforce criminal laws power to enforce this
act.
In section 29 it is provided that any person
who manufactures or sells liquor in violation
of this title shall for a first offense be fined
not more than 81,000, or imprisoned not ex-
ceding six months, and for a second or sub-
sequent offense shall be fined not less than
$200 nor more than $2.000 and be imprisoned
not less than one month nor more than five
years. Any person violating the provisions of
any permit, or who makes any false record,
report or affidavit required by this title, or
violates any of the provisions of this title,
for which offense a special penalty is not pre-
scribed, shall be fined for a first offense not
more than $500; for a Second offense not less
than $100 nor more than $1,000, or be im-
prisoned not more than ninety days; for any
subsequent offense he shall be fined not less
than $500 and be imprisoned not less than
three months nor more than two years.
Sections 30, 31 and 32 deal with certain
legal phases of prosecutions for violations of
the prohibition act. Section 33 provides:
"After Feb. 1, 1920, the possession of
liquors by any- person not legally permitted
under this title to possess liquor shall be
prima facie evidence that such liquor is kept
for the purpose of being sold, bartered, ex-
changed, given away, furnished or otherwise
disposed of in violation of the provisions of
this title. Every person legally permitted un-
der this title to have liquor shall report to
the commissioner within ten days after the
date when the eighteenth amendment of the
constitution of the United States goes into
effect, the kind and amount of intoxicating
liquors in his possession. But it shall not be
unlawful to possess liquors in one's private
dwelling while the same is occupied and used
by him as his dwelling only and such liquor
need not be reported, provided such liquors
are for use only for the personal consumption
of the owner thereof and his family residing
in such dwelling and of his bona flda guests
when entertained by him therein; and the
burden of proof shall be upon the possessor
in any action concerning the same to prove
that such liquor was lawfully acquired, pos-
sessed and used."
The remaining sections of title II. (34^8
inclusive) deal mainly with administrative
features of the law. The sum of $2,100,000
is appropriated for the enforcement of the law
by the commissioner of internal revenue and
the department of justice during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1920.
Title in. concerns industrial alcohol.
Reasons for Veto.
In returning the act without his approval
President Wilson, after quoting the title of
the act, said:
"The subject matter treated in this measure
deals with two distinct phases of prohibition
legislation. One part of the act under con-
sideration seeks to enforce war time prohi-
bition. The other provides for the enforce-
ment which was made necessary by the adop-
tion of the constitutional amendment. I ob-
ject to and cannot approve that part of this
legislation with reference to war time prohioi-
tion.
"It has to do with the enforcement of an
act which was passed by reason of the emer-
gencies of the war and whose objects have
been satisfied in the demobilization of the
army and navy and whosa repeal I have
already sought at the hands of congress.
Where the purposes of particular legislatipn
arising out of war emergency have been satis-
fied, sound public policy makes clear the
reason and necessity for repeal.
"It will not be difficult for congress in con-
sidering this important matter to separate
these two questions and effectively to legis-
late regarding them, making the proper dis-
tinction between temporary causes which
arose out of the war time emergencies and
those like the constitutional amendment of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
769
prohibition, which is now part of the funda-
mental law of the country.
"In all matters having- to do with the
personal habits and customs of large num-
bers of our people we must be certain that
the established processes of legal chang-e are
followed. In no other way can the salutary
object sought to be accomplished by great
reforms of this character be made satisfactory
and permanent."
The house passed the measure over the veto
by a vote of 176 to 55 and the senate took
the same action by a vote of 65 to 20.
DAYLIGHT-SAVING LAW REPEALED.
In response to demands from the farming:
sections of the country the senate and house
on June 18 voted for a rider to the agri-
cultural appropriation bill repealing the day-
light-saving law. President Wilson vetoed the
agricultural bill on account of the rider, hold-
ing that the repeal of the daylight-saving act
would involve a serious economic loss. The
agricultural bill was then passed by both
houses without the rider and a separate meas-
ure repealing the daylight-saving act was
passed by the house and senate. President Wil-
son on Aug. 15 again vetoed the measure, but
it was passed over his veto by the house Aug.
19 and by the senate Aug. 20. The act as
passed reads:
"That section 3 of the act entitled 'An act
to save daylight and to provide standard time
for the United States,' approved March 19,
1918, is hereby repealed, effective on the last
Sunday of October, 1919, after the approval
of this act, when by the retarding of one
hour the standard time of each zone shall be
returned to and thereafter be the mean astro-
nomical time of the degree of longitude gov-
erning each zone as defined in section 1 of
said act. approved March 19, 1918."
THANKS TO GEN. JOHN J. PERSHING.
Resolved, etc.. That the thanks of the Amer-
ican people and of the congress of the United
States are due, and are hereby tendered, to
Gen. John J. Pershing for his highly distin-
guished services as commander in chief of the
American expeditionary forces in Europe and
to the officers and men under his command
for their unwavering devotion and heroic
valor throughout the war. (Approved Sept.
29, 1919.)
OFFICE OF GENERAL CREATED.
Be it enacted, etc.. That the office of gen-
eral of the armies of the United States is
hereby revived, and the president is hereby
authorized, in his discretion and by and with
the advice and consent of the senate, to ap-
point to said office a general officer of the
army who, on foreign soil and during the
recent war, has been especially distinguished
in the higher command of military forces of
the United States; and the officer appointed
under the foregoing authorization shall have
the pay prescribed by section 24 of the act
of congress approved Ju!y 15, 1870, and such
allowances as the president shall deem appro-
priate; and any provision of existing law that
would enable any other officer of the army to
take rank and precedence over said officer is
hereby repealed: Provided, That no more than
one appointment to office shall be made under
the terms of this act. (Approved Sept. 3.
1919.)
COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL OF ARMY.
Until June 30, 1920, the secretary of war
is authorized to maintain such commissioned
personnel in addition to the officers of the
permanent establishment and to retain at
their temporary grades such officers of the
regular army as in his judgment may be nec-
essary for the pr9per performance of the
functions of the military establishment. Ad-
ditional officers so maintained shall be se-
lected, so far as practicable, from officers and
enlisted men who served during the emergency
and are applicants for appointments in the
permaiient establishment. After Oct. 31
119. the tptal number of commissioned of-
ficers exclusive of retired officers and disabled
emergency officers awaiting discharge upon
completion of treatment for physical recon-
struction shall at no time exceed 18,000 No
officer on the active list shall be detailed for
recruiting service or for duty at schools and
colleges, not including schools of the service
where officers on the retired list can be 2-
cured who are competent for such duty
Hereafter officers retired for physical disability
shall not form part of the limited retired list
One thousand two hundred emergency officers
shall be assigned to the air service, of whom
not less than 85 per cent shall be duly quali-
fied flyers. (Approved Sept. 17, 1919 )
AMBASSADOR TO BELGIUM.
Resolved, etc.. That the president be author-
T? •* to appoint as the representative of the
u,mieV .states an ambassador to the kingdom
of Belgium who shall receive as compensation
SptSU29. 191*9 })' ° *** annUm' <APProve<l
INTERNATIONAL LABOR CONFERENCE
Resolved, etc.. That the president of the
United States be authorized to convene and
to make arrangements for the organization of
» ^eneral international labor conference, to
be held in Washington, D. C.: Provided how-
ever. That nothing herein shall be held to
authorize the president to appoint any dele-
gate to represent the United States of Amer-
T?a-*al <?uch conference or to authorize the
United States of America to participate therein
unless and until the senate shall have rati-
fied the provisions of the proposed treaty of
peace with Germany with reference to a gen-
eral international labor conference. (Approved
RETURN OF TELEGRAPH LINES.
The act of congress approved July 16, 1918
authorizing the president in time of war to
take possession of the telegraph, telephone
cable and radio systems of the country is re-
pealed to take effect at midnight on the last
day of the calendar month in which the act
is approved. The rates or tolls fixed by the
postmaster-general to continue in force for
four months unless sooner modified by state
or other authorities or voluntarily reduced.
Ihe president is directed to return the prop-
erties taken over to their respective owners
(Approved July 11, 1919.)
ACT AGAINST PROFITEERING.
Section 1 of the act entitled "An act to
provide further for the national security and
defense by encouraging the production, con-
serving the supply, and controlling the distri-
bution of food products and fuel," approved
Aug. 10, 1917, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"That by reason of the existence of a state
of war, it is essential to the national se-
curity and defense, for the successful prose-
cution of the war and for the support and
maintenance of the army and navy, to assure
an, adequate supply and equitable distribution,
and to facilitate the movement of foods feeds
wearing apparel, containers primarily designed!
or intended for containing foods, feeds or
fertilizers, fuel, including fuel oil and nat-
ural gas, and fertilizer and fertilizer ingre-
dients, tools, utensils, implements, machinery
and equipment required for the actual produc-
tion of foods, feeds and fuel, hereafter in
this act called necessaries; to prevent, locally
or generally, scarcity, monopolization, hoard-
760
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
ingr, injurious speculation, manipulation and
private controls affecting- such supply, distri-
bution and movement; and to establish and
maintain governmental control of such neces-
saries during; the war. For such purposes the
instrumentalities, means, methods, powers,
authorities, duties, obligations and prohibi-
tions hereinafter set forth are created, estab-
lished, conferred and prescribed. The presi-
dent is authorized to make such regulations
and to issue such orders as are essential
-effectively to carry out the provisions of this
act."
Section 4 of such act of Aug. 10, 1917. is
hereby amended to read as follows:
"That it is hereby made unlawful for any
person willfully to destroy any necessaries for
the purpose of enhancing the price or restrict-
ing the supply thereof; knowingly to commit
waste or willfully to permit preventable de-
terioration of any necessaries in or in connec-
tion with their production, manufacture or
distribution; to hoard any necessaries; to
monopolize or attempt to monopolize, either
locally or generally, any necessaries; to engage
in any discriminatory and unfair, or any de-
<»ptive or wasteful practice or device, or to
make any unjust or unreasonable rate or
charge in handling or dealing in or with any
necessaries: to conspire, combine, agree or
arrange with any other person, (a) to limit
the facilities for transporting, producing, har-
vesting1, manufacturing, supplying1, storing1 or
dealing in any necessaries; (b) to restrict the
supply of any necessaries; (c) to restrict dis-
tribution of any necessaries; (d) to prevent,
limit or lessen the manufacture or production
of any necessaries in order to enhance the
price thereof; or (e) to exact excessive prices
for any necessaries, or to aid or abet the
doing of any act made unlawful by this sec-
tion. Any person violating any of the pro-
visions of this section upon conviction thereof
•shall be fined not exceeding $5.000 or be im-
prisoned for not more than two years, or
both: Provided, That this section shall not
apply to any farmer, gardener, horticulturist,
vineyardist. planter, ranchman, dairyman,
stockman or other agriculturist, with respect
to the farm products produced or raised upon
land owned, leased or cultivated by him:
Provided further. That nothing in this act
shall be construed to forbid or make un-
lawful collective bargaining by any co-oper-
ative association or other association of farm-
ers, dairymen, gardeners or other producers
of farm products with respect to the farm
products produced or raised by its members
upon land owned, leased or cultivated by
them."
NATIONAL MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT ACT.
The law is entitled "An act to punish the
transportation of stolen motor vehicles in in-
terstate or foreign commerce." As used in
the act the term "motor vehicle" includes an
automobile. automobile truck. automobile
wagon, motorcycle or any other self-propelled
vehicle not designed for running1 on rails.
The term "interstate or foreign commerce"
includes transportation from one state, terri-
tory or the District of Columbia to another
state, territory or the District of Columbia,
or to a foreign country or from a f9reign
country to any state, territory or the District
of Columbia.
Whoever shall transport or cause to be
tram ported in interstate or foreign commerce
a motor vehicle, knowing the same to have
been stolen, shall be punished by a fine of
not more than $5.000 or by imprisonment of
not more than five years, or both. Whoever
shall receive, conceal, store, barter, sell or
dispose of any motor vehicle, moving as or
which is a part of or which constitutes inter-
state or foreign commerce, knowing the same
to have been stolen, shall be punished by a
fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprison-
ment of not more than five veal's, or both.
Any person violating the act may be punished
in any district in or through which such mo-
tor vehicle has been transported or removed
by such offender.
(The act was received by the president Oct.
17. 1919. but owing to his illness was not
signed by him and thus became a law with-
out his approval.)
ALASKAN RAILROADS.
In order to complete on or before Dec. 31.
1922, the construction and equipment of the
railroad between Seward and Fairbanks, Alas-
ka: together with necessary sidings, spurs
and lateral branches, the additional sum of
$17.000.000 is authorized to be appropriated,
to be immediately and continuously available
until expended. Became a law Oct. 17. 1919.
without the president's approval.
RAILROAD DEFICIENCY.
To supply a deficiency in the appropriation
for carrying out the act entitled "An act to
provide for the operation of transportation
systems while under federal control, for the
just compensation of their owners, and for
other purposes." approved March 21, 1918.
there is appropriated $750,000.000. which
shall be in addition to the appropriation of
$500,000,000 made in section 6 of said act.
and shall be subject in all respects to the
same authority for and restriction of ex-
penditure as the said $500,000,000. (Ap-
proved June 30, 1919.)
NAVAL APPROPRIATION ACT.
The naval appropriation act provides that
the total authorized enlisted strength of the
active list of the navy shall be temporarily
increased from 131,485 during the period
from July 1, 1919, to Sept. 30. 1919, to 241.-
000 men, and from Oct. 1, 1919, to Dec. 31,
1919, to 191.000 men, and from Jan. 1, 1920.
to June 30, 1920, to 170.000 men. The presi-
dent is authorized, whenever in his judg'-
ment a sufficient national emergency exists,
to increase the authorized enlisted strength
of the navy to 191,000 men, and the secre-
tary of the navy is authorized to call to or
continue on active service on strictly naval
duties, with their consent, such numbers of
the male members and nurses of the naval
reserve force in enlisted ratings as may be
necessary to supply deficiencies to maintain
the total authorized strength for the periods
herein authorized. The act appropriates $25.-
000.000 for aviation purposes. No increase
in the navy is authorized, but limits of the
cost of the ships provided for in the preceding
appropriation act are increased substantially.
ARMY APPROPRIATION ACT.
The army appropriation act appropriates
$25,000,000 for aviation purposes; $20,300,-
000 for pay of officers of the line; $19.429,-
367 for pay of officers of the staff corps and
departments; $92.7°8.230 for pay of enlisted
men of the line and $48.162.500 for pay of
enlisted men of the staff corps and depart-
ments.
NUMBER OF THE STARS.
According to the best astronomers the num- | number visible through the telescope has been
ber of stars that can be seen by a person of estimated by J. E. Gore at 70.000.000 and by
average eyesight is only about 7.000. The I Profs. Newcomb and Young at 100.000.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
761
INTERNATIONAL TRADE CONFERENCE.
Beginning- on Oct. 20, and ending: Oct. 25. Commander Arselio Baroni. president of the
1919. an important international trade confer-
ence was held- at Atlantic City. N. J. It was
summoned on the initiative of the Chamber of
Commerce of the Uni.ed States and was at-
tended not only by leading- business men of
America but by some of the best known
manufacturers. fin?nciers, engineers and econ-
omists &L the allied countries of Europe.
France. Great Britain. Italy and Belgium were
represented by the following- missions:
FRANCE.
Eugene Schneider, president of the mission,
head of the Creusot Iron and Steel works.
Alexander Louis Albert Tinnan. councilor of
state and delegate of the ministry of com-
merce.
Baron du Marais. vice-president and director
of the Credit Lyqnnaise.
Andre Homberg, vice-president of the Society
Generale.
Pellerin de La Touche. president of Com
pagnie Generale Transatlantique.
M. Wadding-ton, representing- textiles and raw
materials.
M. Roche, representing the chemical Indus
tries.
Julin Potin. representing the food interests.
M. Godet. representing- the Paris chamber of
commerce.
Commandant Varaigne. chief of the French
mission to American interests in Paris.
Francois Poncet. delegate of the French metal
lurgists.
M. Pesson Didion, mining- engineer and rep-
resentative of the metallurgist and electrica"
syndicate.
M. Dolleans. professor of political economy at
the University of Dijon
M. Parmentier. civil engineer representing1 the
minister of public works and commerce.
M. Loizeau, official of the Credit Lyonnaise.
M. Collin. chief engineer of the Creusot Iron
and Steel works.
M. de Freminville, consulting: engineer of the
Creusot works.
M. Mazot. general secretary of the French
high commission in New York.
M. Boyer, director of service at the Bank of
Paris.
Pierre Lehideux. secretary of the mission.
GREAT BRITAIN.
Sir Arthur Shirley Benn, M. P., chairman.
Hon. J. G. Jenkins. formf>~ Australian pre-
mier, representing- the London chamber of
commerce.
Marshall Stevens. M. P., founder of the Man-
chester ship canal.
Baillie John King, chairman of the National
Lig-ht Casting's association. Glasgow.
Frank Moore, Leicest?r.
George Berkes. r«^'-*tant s^o^tary of the Fed-
eration of British Industries, London, and
Lieut. Jarratt. M^nchestc-r, secretaries.
ITALY.
F. Quartieri. president of the mission.
Commander Prof. Bernardo Attolico, Italian
minister plenipotentiary.
Commander Luigi Quartieri. president of the
Italian Corporation for Chemical Industries.
Commander Engineer Luigi Luiggi. member of
the state council of public works and pro-
fessor at the University of Rome
Commander P"of. Vitto-i0
presi-
dent of the Venice chamber of commerce.
Comrrnnder Gionrvo My);i"?. pr^siden of the
Italian Master Cotton Spinners and Weavers'
association.
Commander Domenico Gidoni, representing- the
minister of the treasury.
Commander Pietro Giovanni Lazzerini secre-
tary g-eneral o*f thp minion
Chevalier Giovanni Fummi, stockbroker.
Italian Union for the Manufacture of Ex-
plosives.
Commander Dr. Augnsto Jaccarino, represent-
ing the Bank of Naples.
Chevalier Gaetano Biasutti, representing- the
Banca Italiana di Sconto.
Dr. Ildo Marchisio. representing1 the Banca di
Roma.
Chevalier Guido Pedrazzini. representing- the
Banca Commerciale Italiana.
Chevalier Felice Bava, representing- the Credito-
It.-iliana.
Marquis T. Theodoli. Mario Luiggi, engineer:
Arturo Anzani, expert accountant; Sig.
Antonio Agresti, secretaries.
BELGIUM.
Florimond Hankar, representing- National Bank
of Belgium.
M. Canon-Legrand, president of the chamber
of commerce. Mons, consulting- engineer.
Albert Neve, departmental director. Ougree-
Marihaye works, Liege.
Albert E. Janssen, director of the National
Bank. Belgium, and Professor of the Uni-
versity of Louvain.
Alexandra de Groote. vice-president of the
Antwerp chamber of commerce.
Prof. Paul Van den Ven, University of Louvain.
AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVES.
Among- the Americans promoting- or taking-
part in the conference were Thomas W. La-
mont, Edward A. Filene. Edward G. Miner. A.
C. Bedford, James S. Alexander. Charles H^
M^eDowell, Frank S. Peabody. Theodore F.
Whitmarsh. E. A. S. Clarke. W. C. Teagle, P.
A. S. Franklin. John R. Munn and Harry A.
Wheeler.
Japan was not represented because the con-
ference \fras called primarily for meeting the
needs of devastated Europe.
RESULTS OF CONFERENCE.
It was felt by those attending- that the con-
ference was successful in promoting the
friendship of the countries represented and in.
establishing trade relations between America
and Europe that would not only assist in
rehabilitating devastated Europe bu* would go
a long way toward establishing world peace
on a firm basis. The situation in Europe was
graphically described by M. Schneider of the
French mission when he said:
"At the outbreak of the war each nation
was like a vast firm whose cellars and stores
contained stocks accumulated by former gen-
erations. At the present time cellars and
stores are well-nigh empty. We used all our
tocks ?nd for a sp;'ce of four years we pro-
duced only to destroy. Never have the wants
of Europe been greater nor her resources more
Fl^ven roon'hs after the armistice,
eleven months after our victory, we are poor,
weak, crushed under an enormous debt: our
Copulations are too scantily fed: rationing- is
still in force: the cost of living- continues to
rise at a more rapid rate even tlvn wages or
salaries: many a home is not even assured of
ts daily bread."
Representatives of the forHg-n missions set
orth the needs of th'nr conntri?1* ;n the way
of fuel, food, shipping-, raw materials and
inancial assistance, while the representatives of
American interests told just what they could.
do to meet these n«pds. The matter of ex-
>hange was also discussed and it w;>s g-ener-
lly agreed that only an equalization of im-
>orts and exports would have a fnvorable ef-
ect. The matter of long time credits which
were asked for especially by France ,-nd Ifly
as considered, but no decision was arrived at.
Tiis was also true of a proposition to raise
money by a big popular loan in America.
762
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
PA
F
General Offi
Commander-in-Chief — Ja
N. Y. (Died Nov. 1,
Senior Vice-Comma ndei
Columbus. O. (Succ
commander-in-chief . )
Junior Vice-Commande
Wilson. Los Angeles,
Chaplain-in-Chief— W. "V
Surgeon-General — Steph
Offic
Adjutant-General— Isido
N. Y.
Quartermaster-General—
Ellicott square, Buffa
Judge-Advocate Genera
Indianapolis, Ind.
Inspector-General — Jam<
IS. J.
National Patriotic Inst
Madison. Wis.
Assistant Adjutant-Ger
man, Des Moines. Io\\
Assistant Quartermaste
, of Records— J. Henry
Hall, Philadelphia. P.
Chief of Staff — George i
Senior Aid de Camp-
Brooklyn. N. Y.
Headquarters— Columbu
Membership
Dec. 33
Depts. Members.
Alabama .... 58
Arizona ..... 75
Arkansas .... 124
Col. and Wyo 2,614
Cal. and Nev 4,850
Connecticut . 1,640
Delaware .... 259
Florida 634
IRIOTIC SOCIETIES O
GRAND ARMY OI
irst post organized at D«
-ers, 1919-1920.
mes D. Bell. Brooklyn,
1919.)
-in-Chief— Dan M. Hall.
eedsx James D. Bell as
r-in-Chief — Charles B.
Cal.
V. Zist. Cedar Falls, la.
an I. Brown, Knox, Ind.
ial Staff.
re Isaacs. New York,
-Cola D. R. Stowits. 877
lo, N. Y.
I— William A. Ketcham,
js C. Taylor. Newark,
ructor— Hosea W. Rood,
eral — Georg-e A. New-
a.
r-General and Custodian
Holcomb, Independence
i.
\.. Hosley. Boston. Mass.
-Thomas J. McConkey,
s, 0.
by Departments.
. 1918.
Depts. Members.
N. Hampshire 2,107
New Jersey.... 2,019
New Mexico... 92
New York 10,976
North Dakota. 164
Ohio 11 453
F THE UNITED STAT
1 THE REPUBLIC,
•catur. 111., April 6, 186f
Death Ratt
No. Pet.
1888 4,433 1.18
1889 4.696 1.33
ES.
i.
by Years.
No. Pet.
1904 9 029 3.60
1905* . ...9.152 3.90
1905t . ...9,205 3.90
1906. ..9.052 3.83
1907. .10,242 4.45
1908. .10.124 4.59
1909. .11,030 5.00
1910. . 9.151 4.49
1911. .11.594 5.07
1912. .11.338 6.28
1913. .11.187 6.53
1914. .11.434 7.16
1915. .11.856 7.95
1916. .11.430 8.04
1917. .11.553 9.55
1918. . 9.798 8.01
By a new rule the sta-
yer the calendar year.
? and Commanders-in-
e1.
A.. Hurlbut. Illinois,
in A. Logan, Illinois.
A. Logan, Illinois,
n A. Logan, Illinois,
irnside, Rhode Island.
Burnside, Rhode Island.
Devens, Jr., Massachu-
Devens, Jr., Massachu-
irtranft. Pennsylvania.
F. Hartranft. Pennsyl-
Robinson. New York.
Robinson, New York.
Earnshaw. Ohio.
5 Wagner, Pennsylvania.
S. Merrill, Massachu-
ndervoort, Nebraska,
ath, Pennsylvania,
n S. Kountz, Ohio.
S. Burdette. Washinff-
j. Fairchild, Wisconsin.
3. Rea. Minnesota,
lliam Warner. Missouri,
ell A. Alger, Michigan,
eazy, Vermont,
mer. New York.
G. Weissert. Wisconsin.
T. B. Adams. Massachu-
Lawler, Illinois.
Walker, Indiana,
larkson. Nebraska.
Gobin. Pennsylvania.
? A. Sexton, Illinois,
ert D. Shaw, New York.
ssieur, Missouri,
arrance, Minnesota.
Stewart, Pennsylvania.
C. Black, Illinois,
ackmar, Massachusetts.
Tanner, Washington,
ert B. Brown, Ohio.
3 G. Burton, Missouri.
Nevius. New Jersey.
J. R. Van Sant, Minne-
E. Gilman. Massachu-
; H. M. Trimble, Illi-
1.; A. B. Beers, Con-
n.; W. Gardner. Michi-
avid J. Palmer. Iowa.
1890 .. .. 5,476 1.33
1891 5.965 1.46
1892 6 404 1 61
1893 7.002 1.78
1894 7.283 2.97
1895 7 368 2 06
1896 7.293 2.21
1897 . .. 7515 235
1898 8 383 2 41
1899 7.994 2.78
1900 7.790 2.80
1901 8 166 3 02
1902 8.299 3.08
1903 8 366 3 22
*June 30. tDec. 31.
tistics were made to co
National Encampment,
Chi
1866— Indianapolis: S.
1868— Philadelphia: Jol
1869— Cincinnati: John
1870— Washington: Joh
1871— Boston— A. E. Bv
1872— Cleveland: A. E.
1873— New Haven: C.
setts.
1874— Harrisburg; C.
setts.
1875— Chicago: J. F. H
1876— Philadelphia: J.
1877— Providence: J. C.
1878— Springfield: J. C.
1879— Albany; William
1880— Dayton, O.: Loui
1881— Indianapolis: G.
setts.
1882— Baltimore: P. V=
1883— Denver; R. B. Be
1884 — Minneapolis: Joh
1885— Portland, Me.: S
ton.
1886— San Francisco: I
1887 St Louis- John 1
Oklahoma *979
Oregon 1 768
Ga. and S. C.. 125
Idaho 398
Pennsylvania.. 10,980
Potomac . . 863
Illinois . 8 380
Rhode Island.. 722
South Dakota. 672
Tennessee .... 498
Texas 244
Indiana 6620
Iowa • 6 201
Kansas ... 5 664
1888— Columbus, O.: W
1889— Milwaukee: Russ
1890— Boston: W. G. V
1891— Detroit: John Pa
1892— Washington: A.
1893— Indianapolis; J. <
setts.
1894— Pittsburgh: T. G
1895— Louisville: I. N.
1896— St. Paul; T. S. C
1897_BUffalo: J. P. S.
1898— Cincinnati: James
1899— Philadelphia: Alt
1900— Chicago: Leo Ra
1901— Cleveland: Ell T
1902— Washington: T. J
1903— San Francisco: J
1904— Boston: W. W. Bl
1905 — Denver: James
D. C.
1906— Minneapolis: Rot
1907 — Saratoga: Charles
1908— Toledo: Henry M
1909— Salt Lake City; f
sota.
1910— Atlantic City; J.
setts.
1911— Rochester. N. Y.
nois.
1912— Los Angeles. Ca
necticut.
1913— Chattanooga, Ten
gan.
1914— Detroit. Mich.: D
Kentucky . . . 604
La. and Miss 211
Maine 2.016
Maryland ... 882
Massachusetts 6,597
Michigan ... 5.115
Minnesota .. 2,254
Missouri .... 3,054
Montana 281
Nebraska ... 2.456
Membership
1879 44.752
1880... . 60634
Utah ........ 189
Vermont 1 272
Va. and N. C. 277
Wash.. Alaska 2,260
West Virginia. 647
Wisconsin 3.382
Total 110357
Total number
posts 4704
t? by Years.
1900 276,662
1901 ^69 507
1881 85 856
1902 263.745
1903 256 510
1882... ..134,701
1883 215,446
1904 246 261
1884 .. 273 168
1905* 23'? 455
1885 294 787
1905t 235 8°3
1886 323 571
1906.. .. 229 932
1887 355 916
1907 225 157
1888 372.960
1908 220 600
1889 397 774
1909 213.901
1910 °03 410
1890 409 489
1891 407781
1911 191 346
1892 399 880
1912 180 227
1893 397,223
1894 369 083
1913 171,335
1914 159 773
1895 357 639
3915 149,074
1916 135.931
1917 120 916
1896 340,610
1897 319 456
1898 305 603
1918 110,357
1899 287,981
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
763
1915— Washing-ton, D. C.; Elias R. Monfort,
Ohio.
1916— Kansas City, Mo.; William J. Patterson,
Pennsylvania.
1917— Boston. Mass.; Orlando A. Somers. Indi-
1918— Portland. Ore.: Clarendon E. Adams,
Omaha, Neb.
1919— Columbus. O.: James D. Bell, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
SONS OF VETERANS, U. S. A.
National Officers. 1919-1920.
Commander-in-Chief— Harry D. Sisson. Pitta-
field. Mass.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Frank Mc-
Crillis, Portland. Ore.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief— F. J. Wal-
thers, Milwaukee. Wis.
Council-in-Chief — E. H. Milham, St. Paul,
Minn.: R. J. Williams. Columbus. O.
Secretary (holdover) — Horace H. Hammer, Co-
lonial building-, Reading, Pa.
Treasurer (holdover)— J. L. Rake. Reading1, Pa.
Chief of Staff— Edwin M. Amies. Altoona, Pa.
National Patriotic Instructor— F. P. Corrick,
Lincoln, Neb..
National Chaplain— Rev. J. Kirkwood Craig1,
Suncook, N. H.
National Counselor — W. F. Alcorn, New
Haven, Conn.
DAUGHTERS OF VETERANS.
National Officers, 1919-1920.
President — Mrs. Clara G. Yengling, Cleveland, O.
Senior Vice-President—Mrs. Nellie M. Good-
man. Roxbury, Mass.
Junior Vice-President—Mrs. Lola S. Elliott,
Des Moines, Iowa.
Treasurer— Miss Ida Durant, Casper, Wyo.
Chaplain — Mrs. Blanche Anderson, Colorado
Springs. Col.
Secretary— Mrs. Hallie L. Everts, 507 The Ar-
cade. Cleveland, O.
Patriotic Instructor— Mrs. Claire Parker, Min-
neapolis, Minn.
Inspector— Mrs. Bertie White. New York. N. Y.
WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS.
Orgranized in Denver. Col., July, 1883.
National Officers, 1919-1920.
National President— Mrs. Abbie Lynch. 1430
Sheffield street, north side. Pittsburgh, Pa.
National Senior Vice-President— Mattie E. Lear.
Columbus, O.
National Junior Vice-President—Jennie B. Hill,
Fargo, N. D.
National Secretary— Eliza Brown, Daggett, At-
tleboro. Mass.
National Treasurer— Mrs. Estella E. Plopper.
Iowa Falls, Iowa.
National Chaplain — Ida L. Jarvis, Pasadena,
Cal.
National Counselor— Mary L. Carr. Longmont,
Cal.
National Inspector— Julia E. Killam. Denver,
Col.
National Instituting1 and Installing- Officer —
Laura W. Willow, Johnsonburg-, Pa.
National Patriotic Instructor — Maude Whedon
Smith. Winterset. Iowa.
National Press Correspondent— Mary M. North,
Herndon. Va.
National Senior Aid — Ag-nes H. Parker, Boston,
Mass.
National Headquarters— 1430 Sheffield street,
north side. Pittsburgh. Pn.
The organization has thirty-eig-ht depart-
ments, comprising- 2.474 corps, with a total
membership of 173,286.
NATIONAL DAUGHTERS OF THE G. A. R.
National Officers, 1919-1D20. •
Commander-in-Chief — Grace T. Armstrong-, De-
troit. Mich.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Bonnie L.
Parke. Detroit, Mich.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Sarah Vance
Chicago. 111.
Quartermaster-General— Mrs. Ruth Young, Bat-
tle Creek. Mich.
Chaplain-General — Catherine Dunham. Jack-
son. Mich.
Counselor-General — Mrs. Delia E. Larson, Mad-
ison. Wis.
Patriotic Instructor— Allie Leichtweihs, Racine.
Wis.
Officer of the Day— Miss Edith Aspinwall. Cov-
ington. O.
Officer of the Guard— Dayse W. Dungan, Jack-
spn. O.
Adjutant-General— Mrs. Helen R. Kellogg,
Highland Park. Mich.
Sentinel— Laura, Menze, Racine, Wis.
Historian— Nellie Martin Grimes, Braintree,
Mass.
LADIES OF THE GRAND 'ARMY OF THE
REPUBLIC.
Organized in. Chicago. September, 1886.
National Officers, 1919-1920.
President— Mrs. Lillian Clark Cary. 82 Booth
street. Dubuque, Iowa.
Senior Vice-President—Mrs. Cora Rowling-
Dayton. O.
Junior Vice-President—Mrs. Rose Renehan,
Port Chester. N. Y.
Treasurer— Mrs. Jennie E. Troxell. Allentown,
Pa.
Secretary— Mrs. Grace A. Seebers, Waterloo.
Iowa.
Counselor— Mrs. Rose Houghton, Seattle, Wash.
Chaplain— Mrs. Mayme Merrick. Camden. N J
Inspector— Mrs. Anna DeLacey Peel, Hot
Springs. Ark.
Registrar— Mrs. Elvira T. Veasey. 677 Dudley
street, Dorchester, Mass.
ARMY NURSES OF THE CIVIL WAR.
National Officers, 1919-1920.
President— Mrs. Alice Carey Risley. Columbia,
Counselor— Mrs. Clarissa F. Dyer. Germantown
Pa.
Department President and Historian — Mrs
Helen Brainard Cole. Sheboygan Falls Wis'
Treasurer— Mrs. Salome Myers Stewart. Gettys-
burg, Pa.
Senior Vice-President—Mrs. Emily Alder, Cla-
rion. Iowa.
Junior Vice-President— Lucretia Davis Wash-
ington. D. C.
Conductor— Mrs. Allie Bailley, Sacramento, Cal
Guard— Mrs. Rosa G. Russell. Vicksburg, Miss."
UNITED SPANISH WAR VETERANS.
National Officers.
Commander-in-Chief— William Jones, 4380 Oar
penter avenue. New York. N. Y
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief— J. K. Wither-
spoon. Seattle, Wash.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief— L. M. Laf-
ferty. Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Adjutant-General— P. Samuel Rigney, New
Quartermaster-General—James S. Long, New
Surgeon-General—Leon Hyde, M. D., Portland.
Chaplain-in-Chief— Rev. Charles S. Vail Los
Angeles. Cal.
National Headquarters — Room 7 titv h*ll
New York. N. Y.
764
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNION EX-
PRlSOis^RS Of WAR.
Commander— Gen. Harry White. Indiana. Pa
Senior Vice-Commander — Daniel M. Wilder.
Junior Vice-Commander—Silas G. Burdick.
Chaplain— Hasley Lathrop. Cincinnati. O.
Adjutant-General and Quartermaster— Col.. J.
D Walker, room 505 City-County building.
Pittsburgh. Pa.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION
OF THE UNITED STATES.
Instituted 1865.
General Officers.
Commander-in-Chief — Lieut.-Gen. Nelson A.
Senior ' Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Acting As-
sistant Paymasier Henry M. Rogers, U. S. N.
Junior Vice-Commandsr-in-Chief — Bvt. Maj.
Henry L. Swords. U. S. V.
Recorder-in-Chief— Bvt. Lieut.-Col. John P.
Nicholson. U. S. V.
Reg-istrar-in-Chief— First Lieut. Thomas H.
TreasureY-in-Chief— Lieut.-Col. George V. Lau-
Chancellof-in-Chief— Bvt. Capt. John O. Foering.
U S V.
Council-in-Chief— Lieut. Joseph ' H. Janney.
U S V : First Lieut, and Adjt. Lewis H.
Chamberlin. U. S. V.; Bvt. Lieut.-Col. W. S.
Cogswell. U. S. V.: Bvt. Maj. Frank J.
Jones. U. S. V.; Brig.-Gen. Edward S. God-
frey. U. S. A.
Commanderies.
California— Capt. Benjamin B. Tuttle. U. S.
V.. commander: Bvt. Col. William C. Alber-
ger. U. S. V.. recorder.
Colorado— Companion Edward A. Bishop, com-
mander: Lieut. William H. Conley. U. S. V..
District of Columbia— Rsar- Admiral George W.
Baird, U. S. N., commander; Lieut. Thomas
H. McKee. U. S. V.. recorder.
Illinois— First Lieut. John Young. U. S. V..
commander; Lieut.-Col. George V. Lauman,
U. S. V., recorder.
Indiana-Capt. Henry N. Canfield, U. S. V..
commander; Lieut. Alexander M. Scott, U. S.
V.. recorder.
Iowa— Lieut. Charles W. Fracker, U. S. V.,
commander: Capt. Elbridge D. Hadley. U. S.
V.. recorder.
Kansas— Capt. M. M. Beck. U. S. V.. com-
mander; Capt. John T. Taylor. U. S. V..
recorder.
Maryland— Col. G. W. F. Vernon. U. S. V., com-
mander; Lieut. Joseph J. Janney, U. S. V..
Mabsachusetts— First Lieut. Henry N. Shel-
don, commander; Capt. Charles W. C.
Rhoades. U. S. V.. recorder.
Maine— Bvt. Maj. Henry S. Bun-age, U. S. V..
commander: John F. Dana, recorder.
Michigan— Lieut. George Dingwall. U. S. V.,
commander; Brig.-Gen. Chains A. Coolidge.
U. S. A., recorder.
Minnesota— Lieut. Willi-m Preston Roberts, U.
S. V.. commander; Capt. Orton S. Clark, U.
S. V., recorder.
Missouri— First Lieut. Gro^e W. Bailey, U. S.
V., commander: Capt. William R. Hodges, U.
S. V.. recorder.
Nebraska— Capt. William J. Broatch. U. S. A.,
commander; Lieut. Frank B. Bryant, U. S. V..
recorder.
New York— First Lieut, and Adjt. George Ha-
ven Putnam, U. S. V.. commander; Lieut.-Col.
William S. Cogswell. U. S. V., recorder.
Ohio— Capt. G. A. Thayer, U. S. V., command-
er; Capt. J. M. Blair. U. S. V., recorder.
Oregon— Hon. Wallace McCament. commander;
Lieut. Joseph E. Hall, U. S. V.. record r.
Pennsylvania — Lieut. -Commrnd^r Wm. H. P.att.
U. S. N.. commander; Lieut.-Col. John P.
Nicholson. U. S. \ ., record jr.
Vermont— Sergt. Charles E. Beach, command-
er: Lieut. Carlos D. Williams, U. S. V..
recorder.
Washington— Lieut.-Col. Walter B. Beals. U.
S. V.. commander; Frank C. Shipley, re-
corder.
Wisconsin— Brig.-Gen. Cha-les King. U. S. V..
commander: Act. Asst. Paymaster Justin W.
Meacham, U. S. N., recorder.
UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS.
Organized June 10. 1889.
General Officers.
General Commander— Gen. K. M. Van Zandt.
Forth Worth, Tex.
Adjt. -Gen. and Chief of Staff— Maj .-Gen. Wil-
liam E. Mickle. Mobile. Ala.
Honorary Command°r-in-Chief — Gen. C. Irvine
Walker. Summerville, S. C.
UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE
CONFEDERACY.
President-General — Miss Mary B. Poppenheim.
Charleston, S. C.
Recording Secretary — Mrs. Thomas Wood Parry.
Kansas City. Mo.
Corresponding Secretary— Mrs. Wallace Streator.
Washington. D. C.
Treasurer— Mrs. R. E. Little. Wadesboro. N. C.
Registrar— Mrs. Charles L. Trabert, Berkeley,
Cal.
ARMY AND NAVY UNION OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA.
National Officers.
Commander— Lucas A. Van Toor, Milwaukee,
Wis.
Senior Vice-Commander — John J. Cosgrrove.
Charlestown. Mass.
Junior Vice-Commander — John D. Steward, Cin-
cinnati. O.
Chief of Staff— David F. Kent. Roxbury, Mass.
Adjutant-General— HenT W. Lee, 128 East Price
street, Philadelphia. Pa.
Quartei-master-General— Alonzo S. Van Pelt.
Rahway. N. J.
Paymaster-General—Ray C. Shepherd. Nevr
Inspector-General — William L. Hull, Washing-
ton. D. C.
Judge-Advocate—Harry J. Katz. New York.
N. r.
Surgeon-General—Edwin J. Pirrung, Cincin-
nati. O.
National Chaplain— Rev. William G. Everson.
Norwood. O.
National Historian— George R. Downs, Erie, Pa.
National Patriotic Instructor — Jacques LaBelle.
West View. Pa.
NAVAL AND MILITARY ORDER OF THE
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
Instituted Feb. 2, 1899.
National Commandery Officers, 1918.
Commander-in-Chief— Capt. George B. Zane. Jr..
Pennsylvania.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief— Lieut. John
M. Thompson, New York.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief— Lieut. S B
H.-rt. IKinois.
Registrar-in-Chief— Capt. John T. Hilton New
York.
Deputy Regist"*r-in-Chief— Lieut.-Col. George
V. Lauman. Illinois.
Treasurer-in-Chief— Capt. Homer C. Croscup 78
Broad street. New York, N. Y.
Hist orian-in-Chief— Capt. A. G. Reynolds. Mas-
sachusetts.
4LMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
765
Chaplain-in-Chief— Rev. (Capt.) Henry A. P.
Hoyt. Pennsylvania
Membership is confined to commissioned of-
ficers who served as such in the United States
army, navy, marine or revenue cutter service
(volunteer or regular) or as a contract sur-
geon during the Spanish war or the Philippine
insurrection incident thereto as well as all
the sons of such officers.
MILITARY ORDER OF FOREIGN WARS OF
THE UNITED STATES.
Instituted Dec. 27. 1894. v
Officers of the National Con^mag^ery.
Commander-in-Chief — Brig.-Gen. S/3nuel W.
Fountain, U. S. A., retired. Devor Pa.
Secretary-General— Maj. David Banks 23 Park
place, New York, N. Y. (
Depuiy Secretary-General— Maj. Re V3 A. de
Russy, 15 Wall street. New York,,jN. Y.
Treasurer-General— Capt. Og-den D. Vilkinson,
2010 Walnut street, Philadelphia, 'a.
Registrar-General— Capt. Howard A Gid'Ungs,
U. S. V., Hartford, Conn. *
Judge-Advocate General — Frank ',» ' Av '^,
New York, N. Y. ** $
Deputy Treasurer-General—Col. O. D. Clark,
Montpelier, Vt.
Chaplain-General — Capt. J. Madison Hare, Jer-
sey City. N. J.
Historian-General— Capt. Edw. H. Smith, U. S.
V., Oshkosh,- Wis.
Recorder-General—Col. Guy A. Boyle, Indian-
apolis, Ind.
Surgeon-General— Maj. Joseph M. Heller, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Commanderies have been established in
twenty-one states. Total membership about
1.200.
The order is a military organization with
patriotic objects, having for its scope the pe-
riod of American history since national inde-
pendence. It stands for the needed and honor-
able principle of national defense against for-
eign aggression. The principal feature of the
order is the perpetuating of the names as
well as the services of commissioned officers
who served in either the war of the revolu-
tion, the war wilh Tripoli, ths war of 1812. the
Mexican war or the war with Spain or shall
serve in future campaigns recognized by the
United States government as war with for-
eign powers. Veteran companionship is con-
ferred upon such officers and hereditary com-
panionship upon their direct lineal descendants
in the male line.
ARMY AND NAVY LEGION OF VALOR.
Organized 1890.
Commander — Capt. George W. Brush, 738 St.
Marks avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Adjutant— Oapt. John Brosnan. 289 3d street.
Brooklyn. N. Y.
Any one holding- a medal of honor or a dis-
tinguished service cr9ss is eligible to mem-
bership. The legion is a purely patriotic or-
ganization, its purpose being to instill the
spirit of patriotism and devotion to our coun-
try in its citizens and unite in a fraternal
bond the men who have shared a common
danger.
NATIONAL SOCIETY O^ T^TE SONS OF THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
Organized April 30. 1889, and inco-porated by
act of congress June 9. 1906.
President-General—Louis A. Ames, New York,
N. Y.
Vice-Presidents-General—Charles F. Read, Bos-
ton, Mass.; Thomas W. Williams, E^st Or-
range. N. J.; Albert M. Henry, Detroit,
Mich.; Frank W. Rawles, Little Rock, Ark.;
Thomas A. Perkins, San Francisco. Cal.
Secreiary-General and xvegisirar-lieneral — A.
Howard Clark, Smithsonian institution,
Washington, D. C. x
Treasurer-General — John H. Burroughs. 16
William street. New York. N. Y.
Historian-General— George C. Arnold, Provi-
dence, R. I.
Chaplain-General — Rev. Lee S. McCollester.
Medford, Mass.
NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERS
OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
National Board of Management. 1919-1920.
Headquarters— Memorial Continental hall, 17th
and D streets N. W.. Washington. D. C.
President-General—Mrs. George Thacher Guern-
sey, Washington, D. C.
Vice-Presidents-General—Terms expire in 1920:
Mrs. James B. Grant, Colorado; Mrs. Fred H.
H. Calhoun, South Carolina; Mrs. Charles E.
Longley, Rhode Is.and; Mrs. Jeanne D.
Blackburn, Kentucky; Mrs. Samuel McKnight
Green, Missouri; Mrs. Sheppard W. Foster.
Georgia; Mrs. William H. Talbott, Maine.
Terms expire in 1931: Mrs. William N. Rey-
•* nolds. North Caioina; Mrs. Frank B. Hall.
Massachusetts: Mrs. Charles H. Aull, Ne-
braska; Mrs. Aniuew J?'. Fox, Mississippi;
Miss Stella P. Hardy. Arkansas; Mrs. Ben-
jamin L. Purcell, Virginia; Mrs. William A.
Guthrie, Indiana. Terms expire in 1922:
Mrs. William H. Wait, Michigan; Mrs. Isaac
L. Patterson, Oregon; Mrs. John P. Hume.
Wisconsin; Mrs. William D. Sherrerd. New
Jersey; Mrs. James L. Smith, Texas; Mrs.
Frank W. Bahnsen, Illinois; Mrs. Louise H.
Coburn, Maine.
Recording Secretary-General—Miss Emma L.
Crowell, Washington, D. C.
Organizing Secretary-General—Mrs. Duncan U.
Fletcher, Washington, D. C.
Registrar-General—Miss Grace M. Pierce. Wash-
ington, D. C.
Historian-General—Mrs. Edmund P. Moody.
Washington. D. C.
Corresponding Secretary-General — Mrs. Wood-
bury Pulsifer, Washington, D. C.
Treasurer-General — Mrs. Robert J. Johnson.
Washington, D. C.
Librarian-General — Mrs. James M. Fowler.
Washington, D. C.
Curator-General—Miss Catherine B. Barlow.
Washington, D. C.
Director-General in Charge of Report to Smith-
sonian Institution — Mrs. Benjamin Heath.
Charlotte, N. C.
SONS OF THE REVOLUTION.
Organized 1876.
General Officers.
General President— J. M. Montgomery, New
York, N. Y.
General Vice-President— (Vacancy.)
Second General Vice-President — Charles I
Thayer, Boston. Mass.
General Secretary — Prof. William Libbey.
Princeton. N. J.
Assistant General Secretary — W. Hall Harris.
Jr.. 255 Title building. Baltimore. Md.
General Treasurer— Ralph Isham, 1311 Ritchie
place, Chicago. 111.
Assistant General Treasurer — Gen. George
Richards. U. S. M. C.. 1734 New York ave-
nue. Washington, D. C.
General Registrar— Hon. George E. Pomeroy.
510 Madison avanue Toledo, O.
General Historian — Orra E. Monnette, Los
Angeles, Cal.
General Chaplain— Rt. -Rev. D. S. Tuttle. St.
Louis, Mo.
Organizations exist in thirty-two
Membership— 7,600.
766
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
Instituted in 1892.
Officers of the General Society.
Governor-General— Col. William W. Ladd, New
York
Honorary Governor-General — Capt. Rowland
vS-Govel-nor-General— John L. Merrill, New
Secretlry-General-Henry A. Griffin, M. D., 91
Park avenue New York, JN. z.
Deputy Secretary-General — Edmund Howard
Martin, 160 West 59th street. New York,
Treasurer-General— William Macpherson Hor-
a - Francis Howard
Hartford.
HStorian-General-Frederick W. Allen, Rhode
ChSain-General-Rt. Rev. William A. Leon-
Sur?eonCSnlar5tc°harles.MontraviUe Green, M.
Chanc?nor°GenS-Hon. Henry Stockbridge,
Cedar street. New York.
N. Y.
Descendants was
them. t£5r ancestors and their
All lineal descendants over 18 years of age,
r female, of Passengers ofthe
rigners of :'The Compact," are
to
Gera Society of Mayflower Descend-
ants was organized at Plymouth. Mass.. 1 89 f.
The f triennial congress is held in September at
TPivmnuth Mass Societies have been organ-
£ed £ New York. Connecticut. Massachusetts.
eorge B
Elder-General—Rev. John Coleman Adams.
SOCIETY OF THE WAR OF 1812
Organized Sept. 14. 1814
President-General-John Cadwalader (of Penn-
cnecr- M. Leland.
10 Postoffice square. Boston Mass
gU Nob,e Pec,.
Cosmos club, Washington, D. C
Registrar-General—Henry Harmon Noble. I
Burfeon-General— George H. Burgin M. D.
Jud^e- Advocate General— (Vacancy )
Chaplain-General—Henry Branch. D. D.. Mary-
iSate societies have been formed in Pennsyl-
vania Maryland. Massachusetts Connecticut
Illinois District of Columbia, New York and
New Jersey. Membership is made up of male
persons above the age of 21 years who par-
ticipated in or are lineal descendants of one
who served during the war of 1812 in the
army, navy, revenue marine or privateer serv-
ice of the United States, upon offering proof
thereof satisfactory to the state society to
which they may make application for mem-
bership, and who are of good moral character
and reputation.
NAVY LEAGUE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Headquarters— 528 17th street N. W.. Wash-
ington, D. C.
Honorary, President'— Robert M. Thompson.
New YiLk, N. Y.
President c— Henry Breckinridge. Washington,
D. C.
Vice-Prescient s — Clarence Ousley, Washington,
D. C. tjyd Mrs. James Carroll Frazer, Wash-
ington, ). C.
Treasured --Sidney Ballou, Washington, D. C.
Assistant ' Treasurer — Dwight N. Burnham,
Washin f,on, D. C.
Executiv« Secretary— William M. Galvin, Wash-
ington, Tl>. C.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL
PREPAREDNESS. INC.
The Conference Committee on National Pre-
paredness, Inc., was organized on June 3,
1915, in New York city, by delegates from
national defense societies. The committee pub-
lishes charts, bulletins, booklets, pamphlets
and pay-envelope leaflets and gratuitously dis-
tributes books on national defense for the
purpose of quickening the national spirit
through a better understanding of the econ-
omy of preparedness and the inhumanity of
unpreparedness. The officers of the committee
Chairman— Henry A. Wise Wood, New York,
N. Y.
Treasurer — Alan R. Hawley, New York, N. T.
Secretary— James E. Clark, New York, N. Y.
The office of the secretary and the com-
mittee's headquarters are at 171 Madison
avenue, New York city.
THE NATIONAL SECURITY LEAGUE. INC.
Organized Dec. 1, 1914.
National Headquarters— 19 West 44th street.
New York, N. Y.
Honorary President— Elihu Root.
President— Charles E. Ly decker.
Vice-Presidents — George Wharton Pepper.
Pennsylvania: Willett M. Spooner, Wiscon-
sin; Luke E. Wright. Memphis, Tenn.;
Myron T. Herrick, Ohio; S. Stanwood Men-
ken. New York; Robert Bacon, New York.
Secretary— Charles D. Orth.
Treasurer— Alexander J. Hemphill.
The National Security league works for:
"1. The Americanization of all those whose
future belongs to the United States whether
native-born or foreign-born by —
"a. The speading of a wider knowledge
of the constitutional privileges and
the corresponding obligations of Amer-
ican citizenship.
"b. Uncompromising opposition to the sub-
stitution of any foreign language for
the English language.
"c. Persistent war upon illiteracy, the
most deadly foe of free government,
"d. Insistence upon the duty of every
American to fit himself for the work
of national military defense as an in-
dispensable element in citizenship.
"2. The creation of a public sentiment
which will look upon public office as a pub-
lic trust to be committed only to those who
are known to be competent, honest, loyal to
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
767
our constitution, and ready to subordinate
personal aims and ambitions to the common
weal."
THE AMERICAN DEFENSE SOCIETY, INC.
National Headquarters — 1133 Broadway, New
York city. N. Y.
Slogan — "We have room for but one flag-, the
American flag-, and this excludes the red flag-,
which symbolizes all wars against liberty
and civilization."— Theodore Roosevelt.
Honorary President— (In Perpetuam Memo-
riam) Theodore Roosevelt.
Honorary Vice-Presidents—David Jayne Hill,
Robert Bacon, Perry Belmont, Charles S.
Fairchild, Charles VJ. Bonaparte, Henry B.
Joy, William Guggenheim.
Executive Officers.
Chairman Board of Trustees— Charles Stewart
Davison.
Chairman Executive Committee— J. Raymond
Tiffany.
Treasurer— Robert Appleton.
Secretary— C. S. Thompson.
Aims.
Defense of America— 1. To fight disloyal
influences in America. Full punishment of
radical agitators who conspire to overthrow
the government. Apprehension of dangerous
bolshevists, warning of public officials against
the activities of anarchists, and the urging of
preparedness in every section of the country.
2. Working for the passage by congress of
legislation providing for a system of mili-
tary training. In this connection the society
is supporting the national service act, also
known as the Chamberlain-Kahn bill, which
provides for a great citizen army and a small
army of regulars, of approximately 150,000
men. Six months' military training advocated
for the youth of the country, with educational
camps for the illiterate and non-English speak-
ing; three months preceding the regular train-
ing to constitute a course here. Organiza-
tion of trained men into a reserve called out
periodically for further training. Officers
tfhosen from the ranks and given opportunity
to qualify for leadership.
3. Recognition of accountability. To de-
mand such full accountability of all officials
as will result in the elimination of ineffi-
ciency.
4. Circulation of propaganda. To crystallize
the sentiment of the nation so that favor-
able action will be taken on measures that
would regard the life and property of Ameri-
cans. To raise the standard of citizenship so
that every man will realize his obligation to
bis country as well as its privileges.
LEAGUE TO ENFORCE PEACE.
The object of the league is to secure and
support a league of nations for the mainte-
nance of international peace.
Organized— June 17, 1915; incorporated Oct.
14, 1916.
President— William Howard Taft, New Haven,
Vice-President—Alton B. Parker, New York.
N. Y.
Chairman Executive Committee— A. Lawrence
Lowell, Cambridge, Mass.
Secretary— William H. Short, 130 West 42d
street, New York, N. Y.
UNIVERSAL MILITARY TRAINING
LEAGUE.
Headquarters— Suite 1322 First National Bank
building, Chicago. 111.
President— Howard H. Gross.
Treasurer — John J. Mitchell.
Object : To carry on a nationwide campaign
of education that will demand of congress leg-
islation which will require and establish a
universal system of military and vocational
training1.
THE AMERICAN LEGION.
Organized at St. Louis. Mo.. May 8-10. 1910.
National Commander— Franklin D'Olier. Phila-
delphia. Pa.
Past National Commander — Henry D. Lindsley.
Dallas. Tex.
National Vice-Chairmen — Allen Tukey. Nebras-
ka: Jones O'Brien, California: Joyce P. Lewis.
Minnesota; A. R. Chambers. Massachusetts;
William Follett, Oregon.
National Adjutant— Lemuel L. Belles. Port-
land, Ore.
National Treasurer— Jasper G. Bacon. Boston,
Mass.
National Chaplain — Francis A. Kelly, New
York. N. Y.
Membership— 1.000.000.
Headquarters — Indianapolis. Ind.
The next national convention is to be held
in Cleveland. O.. beginning Sept. 27. 1920.
The American Legion
was organized at a
convention held in St.
Louie, Mo., May 8-10.
1919. when temporary
officers were chosen
and the main princi-
ples of the association
were adopted. Henry
D. Lindsley of Dallas.
Tex., was chosen a«
the temporary com-
mander and it was de*
cided to hold the first
regular convention in
Minneapolis, Minn. It took place there Nov.
10-12. 1919, when national officers wero
chosen and the organization perfected. All
persons are eligible for membership who were
in the military or naval and marine service
of the United States between April 6. 1917.
and Nov. 11. 1918. The object of the asso-
ciation is to uphold and defend the constitu-
tion of the United States: to maintain law and
order; to foster and perpetuate a 100 per cent
Americanism: to combat autocracy whether ol
the classes or the masses: to make right the
master of might: to promote peace and grood
will on earth; to safeguard and transmit to
posterity principles of justice, freedom and
democracy and to sanctify the comradeship ol
the war by mutual helpfulness.
The American Legion is a nonpolitical or-
ganization. It was incorporated by an act
of congress approved Sept. 16. 1919.
VICTOR L. BERGER EXCLUDED FROM CONGRESS.
Victor L. Berger. socialist, representing- the
5th Wisconsin district, was excluded from
membership in the national house of repre-
sentatives Nov. 10. 1919. on the ground of
disloyalty to the United States and giving aid
and comfort to the enemy in time of war.
Before the rote was taken Mr. Berger
reiterated the views and articles for whiea
he had been sentenced to prison for twenty
years by a federal court in Chicago. The
vote in favor of his expulsion from the house
was 309 to 1. the only man voting- for him.
being Edward Voight of the 2d Wisconsin dis-
trict.
768
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
HOLIDAYS IN THE
GENERALLY OR LOCALLY OBSERVED.
Arbor Day— Usually fixed by governor.
Bennington Battle Day— Auff. 16.
Christmas Day— Dec. 25.
Columbus Day— Oct. 12.
Confederate Memorial Day — See Memorial day.
Davis. Jefferson, Birthday-^June 3.
Decoration Day— See Memorial day.
Election Days— See Election Calendar.
Fire Prevention Day— Oct. 0.
Flag1 Day — June 14.
Georgia Day— Feb. 12.
Independence Day— July 4.
Jefferson's Birthday— April 13.
Labor Day— First Monday in September.
Landing1 Day— July 25 (Porto Rico).
Lee's Birthday— Jan. 19.
Lincoln's Birthday— Feb. 12.
Maine (Battle Ship) Day— Feb. 15.
Mardi Gras— February (New Orleans).
McKinley Day— Jan. 29.
Mecklenburg- Independence Declaration— May
20
Memorial Day— Federal, May 30: confederate,
April 26 (Alabama. Georgia. Florida. Missis-
sippi) and May 10 (North and South Caro-
Mothers' Day— Second Sunday in May.
New Orleans. Battle of— Jan. 8.
New Year's Day— Jan. 1.
Patriots' Day— April 19 (Maine. Massachu-
pffneS-8' Day -July 15 (Idaho). July 24
(Utah)
Texas Independence Day— March 2.
Thanksgiving1 Day— Last Thursday in Novem-
WashWton's Birthday— Feb. 22.
HOLIDAYS IN THE VARIOUS STATES.
Alabama— Jan. 1 : Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday) :
Feb. 22: Mardi Gras (the day before Ash
Wednesday, first day of Lent) : Good Friday
(the Friday before Easter) ; April 26 (Con-
federate Memorial day) : June 3 (Jefferson
Davis' birthday): July 4: Labor day (first
Monday in September) : Thanksgiving1 day
(last Thursday in November) : Dec. 25.
Alaska-Jan. 1: Feb. 22: May 30 (Memorial
day): July 4: Thanksgiving- day: Dec. 25.
Arizona-Jan. 1: Arbor day (first Monday in
February) : Feb. 22: May 30: July 4: g-eneral
election day: Thanksgiving day: Dec. 25.
Arkansas— Jan. 1: Feb. 22: July 4: Thanksgiv-
ingr day: Oct. 12 (Columbus day) : Dec. 26.
California— Jan. 1: Feb. 22; May 30: July 4:
Sept. 9 (Admission day) : Labor day (first
Monday in September) : Oct. 12: g-eneral elec-
tion day in November : Thanksgiving day;
Colorado-Jan. 1: Feb. 22: Arbor ancf School
day (third Friday in April) : May 30: July
4- first Monday in September: g-eneral elec-
tion day: Oct. 12: Thanksgiving1 day; Dec.
26* every Saturday afternoon from June 1
to Aug. 31 in the city of Denver.
Connecticut-Jan. 1 : Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birth-
day) • Feb. 22: Good Friday: May 30: July
4: Labor day (first Monday in September):
Thanksgiving1 day. Dec. 25.
Delaware— Jan. 1: Feb. 12: Feb. 22: May 30:
July 4: first Monday in September: Oct. 12;
Thanksgiving- day: Dec. 25. •••_„ ,, .
District of Columbia— Jan. 1: Feb. 22: March
4 (Inauguration day) : May 30: July 4: first
Mondny in September: Thanksgiving- day;
Florida— Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday) : Ar-
bor day (first Friday in February) : Feb. 22:
April 26 (Confederate Memorial day) : June
3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday): July 4: first
Monday in September: Thanksgiving- day:
general election day: Dec. 25.
Georgia— Jan. 1: Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday) : Feb.
22: April 26 (Confederate Memorial day):
UNITED STATES.
first Monday in September; Thanksgiving
day: Amor day (first Friday in December)-
Dec. 25.
Idaho— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Arbor day (first Fii-
day after May 1); July 4: first Monday in
September: Oct. 12; g-eneral election day-
Thanksgiving- day; Dec. 25.
Illinois— Jan. 1; Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birthday) •
Feb .22;. May 30: July 4; Labor day (first
Monday in September; Oct. 12 (Columbus
day) ; general, state, county and city elec-
tion days; Saturday afternoons: Thanksg-iv-
ing- day; Dec. 26; Arbor. Bird. Flag- and
Mothers' days are appointed by the gov-
ernor, but are not legal holidays. Like
McKinley day (Jan. 29). "Remember the
Maine'' day (Feb. 15). Dougrlas day (April
23). they are observed by special exercises.
flag1 displays, etc.: banks are not closed.
Arbor and Bird days usually come on the
third Friday of April in the northern part
of the state and the fourth Friday of Octo-
ber in the southern part. Flag1 day is June
14 and Mothers' day the second Sunday in
Indiana— Jan. 1: Feb. 22: May 30: July 4:
first Monday in September: Oct. 12: ereneral
election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 26
Iowa— Jan. 1; Feb. 22: May 30: July 4: first
Monday in September: g-eneral election day;
Thanksgiving- day; Dec. 25. .
Kansas— The only holidays by statute are Feb.
12: Feb. 22: May 30: Labor day (first
Monday in September) and Arbor day: Oct.
12: but the days commonly observed in
other states are holidays by g-eneral consent.
Kentucky— Jan. 1; Feb. 22: May 30; first
Monday in September: Oct. 12: Thanksgiving
day: g-eneral election day; Dec. 25.
Louisiana— Jan. 1; Jan. 8 (anniversary of the
battle of New Orleans) ; Feb. 22: Mardi Gras
(day before Ash Wrxlnesday) : Good Friday
(Friday before Easter) : April 26 (Confed-
erate Memorial day): July 4; Nov. 1 (All
Saints' day) ; general election day; fourth
Saturday in November (Labor day. in the
parish of New Orleans only) : Dec. 25: every
Saturday afternoon in New Orleans.
Maine-Jan. 1; Feb. 22: Good Friday: May 30:
July 4: Labor day: Thanksgiving1 day; Dec.
25*
Maryland-Jan. 1: Feb. 22; May 30: July 4;
first Monday in September: Sept. 12 (Defend-
ers' day); Oct. 12; g-eneral election day;
Dec. 25: every Saturday afternoon.
Massachusetts-Jan. 1: Feb. 22: April 19 (Pa-
triots' day): May 30: July 4; first Monday
in September: Oct. 12: Thanksgiving- day;
Dec. 25.
Michigan-Jan. 1: Feb. 22: Oct. 12: general
election day; May 30: July 4: first Monday
in September: Thanksgiving- day; Dec. 26.
Minnesota— Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22: Good
Friday (Friday before Easter) ; May 30: July
4: first Monday in September: Thanksgiving1
day; general election day; Dec. 26: Arbor
day (as appointed by the governor).
Mississippi— First Monday in September: by
common consent July 4. Thanksgiving' day
and Dec. 26 are observed as holidays.
Missouri— Jan. 1: Feb. 22: May 30: July 4:
Labor day; Oct. 12: g-eneral election day;
Thanksgiving1 day; Dec. 25: every Saturday
afternoon in cities of 100.000 or more in-
habitants.
Montana-^Jan. 1: Feb. 22: Arbor day (third
Tuesday in April): May 30: July 4: first
Monday in September: Oct. 12: g-eneral elec-
tion day; Thanksgiving1 day; Dec. 25: any
day appointed by the governor as a fast day.
Nebraska— Jan. 1: Feb. 22: Arbor day (April
22): May 30: July 4; first Monday in Sep-
tember: Thankssriving1 day: Dec. 25.
Nevada— .Tan. 1; Feb. 22: July 4: Thanksgiving
day: D^c. 25.
New Hampshire — Feb. 22: fast day appointed
£ ; Ayr!! <6O VOOnJl^UCrci to Jxir^LLUJllAL uaj' / , A^omr j^aiuisoiui c A* w. **M , *»»• «•••* «wt-"-'*"wv«
June 3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday): July 4: by the g-overnor; May 30: July 4; first Mon-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB, 1920.
769
day in September: Thanksgiving day; g-en-
eral election day; Dec. 26.
New Jersey— Jan. 1; Feb. 12: Feb. 22: May
30: July 4: first Monday in September; Oct.
12: general election day; Thanksgiving and
fast days, and every Saturday afternoon.
New Mexico— Jan. 1; July 4; Thanksgiving and
fast days: Dec. 25: Memorial, Labor and
Arbor days appointed by the governor.
New York— Jan. 1; Feb. 12: Feb. 22: May 30:
July 4; first Monday in September: Oct. 12;
general election day; Thanksgiving: and fast
days; Dec. 25: every Saturday afternoon.
Worth Carolina— Jan. 1: Jan. 19 (Lee's birth-
day) : May 10 (Confederate Memorial day) ;
May 20 (anniversary of the signing of the
Mecklenburg declaration of independence) ;
July 4; state election day in August: first
Thursday in September (Labor day) ; Thanks-
giving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday after-
noon.
North Dakota— Jan. 1; Feb. 12: Feb. 22: May
30; July 4; Arbor day (when appointed by
the governor) ; general election day ; Thanks-
Ohi
giving day; Dec. 25.
'o — Jan.
Monday in September; Oct. 12: general elec-
1: Feb. 22: May 30: July 4: first
tion day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25: every
Oct. 12: general election day; Thanksgiving
Saturday afternoon in cities of 60.000 or
more inhabitants.
Oklahoma— Jan. 1; Feb. 22: May 30: July 4;
day: Dec. 26.
Oregon— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30: first Satur-
day in June; July 4; first Monday in Septem-
ber; general election day; Thanksgiving day;
public fast days: Dec. 25.
Pennsylvania — Jan. 1: Feb. 12: Feb. 22: May
30: Good Friday: July 4; first Monday in
September: Oct. 12: general election day;
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday
afternoon.
Philippines— Jan. 1: Feb. 22: Thursday and
Friday pf Holy week; July 4; Aug. 13:
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25: Dec. 30.
Porto Rico — Jan. 1: Feb. 22; Good Friday;
May 30: July 4; July 25 (Landing day);
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Rhode Island— Jan. 1; Feb. 22: second Friday
in May (Arbor day): May 30: July 4: first
Monday in September; Oct. 12; general elec-
tion day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 26.
South Carolina — Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birth-
day): Feb. 22: May 10 (Confederate Memo-
rial day) ; June 3 (Jefferson Davis' birth-
day) : general election day; Thanksgiving
day; Dec. Z5. 26, 27.
South Dakota— Same as in North Dakota.
Tennessee— Jan. 1; Good i riday; May 30; July
4; first Monday in September; general elec-
tion day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 26: every
Saturday afternoon.
Texas-rJan. 1; Feb. 22 (Arbor day); March 2
(anniversary of Texas independence); April
21 (anniversary of battle of San Jacinto) :
July 4; first Monday in September; Oct. 12;
general election day; appointed fast days:
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Utah— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; April 15 (Arbor day);
May 30; July 4; July 24 (Pioneer day) ; first
Monday in September; Thanksgiving day and
appointed fast days; Dec. 25.
Vermont— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4;
Aug. 16 (Bennington Battle day) ; Labor
day; Oct. 12; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Virginia — Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday);
Feb. 22; July 4; first Monday in September;
Thanksgiving and appointed fast days; Dec.
25; every Saturday afternoon. <
Washington— Jan. 1; Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birth-
day) ; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Mon-
day in September: Oct. 12; general election
day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
West Virginia— Jan. 1: Feb. 12; Feb. 22: May
30; July 4; Labor day; general election day;
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Wisconsin— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4;
first Monday in September: general election
day; Thanksgiving day: Dec. 25.
Wyoming— Jan. 1; Feb. 12: Feb. 22; May 30:
July 4; first Monday in September; general
election day; Dec. 25.
The national holidays, such as July 4. New
Year's, etc., are such by general custom and
observance and not because of congressional
legislation. Cpngress has passed no laws es-
tablishing holidays for the whole country.
It has made Labor day a holiday in the Dis-
trict of Columbia, but the law is of no effect
elsewhere. It has also designated the second
Sunday in May as Mothers' day. President
Wilson issued a proclamation May 30. 1916.
requesting that June 14. the anniversary of
the day on which the national emblem was
adopted by congress, be observed as Flag day
throughout the nation.
MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH ACADEMY.
Name. Elected.
HauBsonville. Comte de. b. 1843 1888
Freycinet. Charles de. b. 1828 1890
Loti-Viaud. Pierre, b. 1850 1891
Lavisse. Ernest, b. 1842 1892
Bourget. Paul. b. 1852 1894
France. Anatole. b. 1844 1896
Hanotaux. Gabriel, b. 1853 1897
Lavedan. Henri, b. 1859 1898
Deschanel. Paul. b. 1856 1899
Bazin. Rene. b. 1853 1903
Masson. Frederick, b. 1847 1903
Lamy. Etienne. b. 1845 1905
Ribot. Alexandra, b. 1842 1905
Barres. Maurice, b. 1862 1906
Donnay. Maurice, b. 1866 1907
Richepin. Jean. b. 1849 1908
Doumic. Rene. b. 1860 1909
Prevost. Marcel, b. 1862 1909
Aicard. Jean. b. 1848 1909
Brieux. Eugene, b. 1858 1909
Poincare. Raymond, b. 1850 1909
Name. Elected.
Duchesne. Mgr.. b. 1848 1910
Regnier. Henri de. b. 1864 1911
Cochin. Denys. b. 1851 1911
Lyautey. Louis, b. 1854 1912
Bergson, Henri L.. b. 1859 1914
Capus. Alfred, b. 1858 1914
Gorce. Pierre de la. b. 1846 1914
Joffre. Joseph J. C.. b. 1852 1918
Barthou. Louis, b. 1862 1918
Baudrillart. Alfred 1918
Cambon, Jules, b. 1845 1918
Boislesve, Rene, b. 1867 1918
Curel. Francis de. b. 1854 1918
Foch. Ferdinand, b. 1851 1919
Clemenceau. Georges, b. 1841 1919
The Academic Francaise. or French Academy,
was instituted in 1635. It is a part of the
Institute of France and its particular func-
tion is to conserve the French language, foster
literature and encourage genius.
COINAGE MINTS AND ASSAY OFFICES.
Coinage mints of the United States are lo-
cated in Philadelphia. Pa.; San Francisco, Cal..
and Denver. Col. The government assay offices
are in New York. N. Y.: Carson. Nev.: Den-
ver, Col.; Boise, Idaho; Helena. Mont.: Char-
lotte. N. C.: St. Louis. Mo.: Deadwood. S. D.;
Seattle. Wash.: New Orleans. La., and Salt
Lake City. Utah. The mint in Philadelphia
was established in 1792 and the others as fol-
lows: San Francisco. 1852, and Denver. 1904.
770
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
DEATHS OF NOTED MEN AND WOMEN (1890-1919).
A<bbey, E. A., Aug-. 1, 1911.
Abbott. Bessie, Feb. 9, 1919.
Abdul Hamid, Feb. 10, 1918.
Adams, C. F., March 8, 1918.
Adams, Charles F., March. 20,
1915.
Aehrenthal, A. L., Feb. 17,
1912.
Alden, H. M.. Oct. 7, 1919.
Aldrich, N. W., April 16, 1915.
Aldrich, T B., Mar. 19, 1907.
Alexander III., Nov. 1, 1894.
Alexander, J. W., June 1, 1915.
Alexis, Nord, May 1, 1910.
Allen, Grant. Oct. 25, 1895.
Allison. W. B.. Aug-. 4, 1908.
Alma-Tadema. L., June 24,
1912.
Altg-eld. John P., March 12,
1902.
Altman, Benj., Oct. 7, 1913.
Alverstone, Viscount, Dec. 15,
1915.
Anderson. Galusha, July 20,
1918.
Andrassy, Count, Jan. 30,
1900.
Angell, Jas. B., Apr. 1, 1916.
Anthony, Susan B., March 13,
1906.
Arabi Pasha, Sept. 21, 1911.
Archbold. J. D., Dec. 5, 1916.
Armour, P. D., Jan. 6. 1901.
Armstrong:, M.. May 26, 1918.
Arnold. Edwin. Mar. 25. 1904.
Aronson, R., Feb. 5, 1919.
Astor. John J., Apr. 15, 1912.
Astor, John Jacob, Feb. 22,
1890.
Astor, W. W., Oct. 18, 1919
Audran, Edmond, Aug1. 19,
1901.
Austin. Alfred. June 1, 1913.
Avebury. Lord. May 28, 1913.
Ballin. Albert, Nov. 9. 1918.
Barnum, P. T., Apr. 7, 1891.
Barr. Amelia E., March 10,
1919.
Barr, Robert, Oct. 22, 1912.
Bartholdi, F. A., Oct. 4, 1904.
Barton. Clara, April 12. 1912.
Bascom. John, Oct., 2, 1911.
Bates, John C., Feb. 4, 1919.
Bebel, August F., Aug. 13,
1913.
Beequerel. A. H., Aug. 25,
1908.
Behring. E. von., Apr. 1. 1917.
Beit. Alfred, July 16. 1906.
Bell, Digrby, June 20. 1917.
BelL J. F.. Jan. 8, 1919.
Bellamy, Edw.. May 22. 1898.
Bellew. Kyrle. Nov. 2. 1911.
Belmont. August, Nov. 24,
1890.
Belmont. August, Jr., March
29. 1919.
Belmont. O. H. P.. June 10.
1908.
Bennett, James G., May 14,
1918.
Beresford, C. W., Sept. 6. 1919.
Bertillon, A., Feb. 13, 1914.
Besant, Sir Walter, June 9,
1901.
Bigelow. John, Dec. 19. 1911.
Bismarck, Prince, July 30,
1898.
Bitter. Karl T. F., April 10,
1915.
Bjornson. B.. April 26, 1910.
Black. Frank S.. March 21.
1913.
Black. John C.. Aug. 17. 1915.
Black. William, Dec. 10, 1898.
Blackie, J. S.. March 3. 1£95.
Blackwood. W., Nov. 11, 1912.
Blaine, James G., Jan. 27,
1893.
Blake. Lillie D., Dec. 30. 1913.
Blavatsky, Mme., May 9,
1891.
Bliss, Cornelius N., Oct. 9,
1911.
Blouet. Paul, May 24, 1903.
Bogardus, A. H., March 23,
1913.
Boito, Arrigo, June 11, 1918.
Bonheur. Rosa, May 25, 1899.
Booth, Edwin, June 7, 1893.
Booth, William, Aug. 20, 1912.
Botha, Louis, Aug. 28, 1919.
Boucicault, Aubrey, July 10,
1913.
Bowman, Thomas. March 3.
1914.
Bradley, L. D., Jan. 9, 1917.
Brady, A. N., July 22, 1913.
Bragg, Edward S., June 20.
1912.
Braham, J. H., Oct. 28, 1919.
Brahms, Johannes, April 2,
1897.
Brassey, Earl, Nov. 13, 1919.
Brassey, Thos., Feb. 23. 1918.
Breton, Jules A., July 5. 1906.
Brewer, David J., March 28.
1910.
Brisson, Henri, Apr. 14. 1912.
Bristow. Benjamin H., June
22. 1896.
Brooks. Phillips, Jan. 23. 1893.
Brough. Lionel. Nov. 8. 1909.
BUCK. Dudley, Oct. 6, 1909.
Buckner. S. B.. Jan. 8. 1914.
Bullen. Frank T., March 1.
1915.
Bulow, Hans von, Feb. 13,
1894.
Burdett-Coutts, Baroness, Dec.
30. 1906.
Burdette, R. J.. Nov. 19. 1914.
Burleigh, B., June 17. 1914.
Burnand, F. C., Apr. 21, 1917.
Burnham. D. H., June 1. 1912.
Burrows. J. C., Nov. 16. 1915.
Busse, F. A., July 9, 1914.
Butler, Gen. B. F., Jan. 11.
1893.
Calhoun. W. J.. Sept. 19, 1916.
Campbell-Bannerman, H., Apr.
22, 1908.
Canalejas. J.. Nov. 12. 1912.
Garden, D.. Oct. 16. 1915.
Carleton, H. G., Dec. 10. 1910.
Carleton, Will, Dec. 18, 1912.
Carlisle, John G., July 31,
1910.
Carlos. I.. Feb. 1, 1908.
Carnegie, Andrew, Aug. 11,
1919.
Carnot. President. June 24,
1894.
Carolus-Duran, E. A., Feb. 18,
1917.
Carr, Clark E.. Feb. 28, 1919.
Carreno. Teresa, June 12,
1917.
Carte. D'Oyly. April 3. 1901.
Carus. Paul, Feb. 11, 1919.
Casimir-Perier, Mar. 12, 1907.
Cervera. P., April 3, 1909.
Chadwick. F. E., Jan. 27.
1919.
Chamberlain. Joseph, July 2,
1914.
Chanute. Octave, Nov. 23,
1910.
Chapman, J. W., Dec. 25,
1918.
Chase. William M., Oct. 25.
,
Childs, George W.. Feb. 3.
Choatei Joseph H.. May 14,
191T.
Christian IX., Jan. 29, 1906.
Chulalongcorn I., Oct. 23.
1910.
Claretie. Jules. Dec. 23, 1913
Clark, A. H., Dec. 31, 1918.
Clarke. Charles H., Aug. 10.
.
Clay Bertha M., March 14.
i 914.
Clemens. S. L., April 21, 1910
Clement, Clay, Feb. 21, 1910
Cleveland. Grover. June 24,
1908.
Cody W. F., Jan. 10, 1917.
Coleridge-Taylor. S., Sept. 1,
Collier,' R. J,, Nov. 8, 1918.
Collyer, Robert, Nov. 30. 1912
Colonne. Edouard, March 28.
191 0.
Comstock. A.. Sept. 21, 1915.
Constant, Benj., May 26, 1902
Cooke. Jay, Feb. 16, 1905.
Cooley, L. E., Feb. 3, 1917.
Coppee, Francois, May 23,
1908.
Coauelin, B. C., Jan. 26. 1909.
Coquelin. E. A. H., Feb. 8,
1919.
Corbin, Austin, June 4, 1896
Corning, Erastus, Aug. 30.
1896.
Corthell. E. L., May 16, 1916.
Cox, George B., May 20, 1916.
Cox, Kenyon, March 17, 1919.
Cramp, Edwin S., June 6,
Crane. ' Richard T.. Jan. 8,
Crawford, Emily, Dec. 30.
1915.
Crawford, F. M.. Apr. 9, 1909.
Crawford, Jack, Feb. 27, 1917
Crockett, S. R., Apr. 20, 1914.
Croke, Archbishop. July 22,
1 9 0 *2 .
Cromer. Earl of. Jan. 29, 1917.
Cronje, Piet, Feb. 4, 1911.
Crook. George. March 19,
Crookes, Wm., April 4, 1919.
Crosby. Fanny, Feb. 12, 1915.
Cullom. Shelby M.. Jan. 28.
1914.
Cummings. Amos J., May 2,
1902.
Curie. Pierre, April 19, 1906.
Curtin, Jeremiah, Dec. 14.
1906.
Curtis. George W., Aug. 31,
1892.
Curtis. William E., Oct. 5.
Curzon, Lady, July 18, 1906.
Cuyler, T. L., Feb. 26, 1909.
Dahn, Felix S., Jan. 3, 1912.
Daly, Augustin, July 7, 1899.
Dana. Charles A.. Oct. 17.
1897.
Daniel, John W., June 29.
1910.
Davenport, Homer, May 2,
1912.
Davis, Geo. R., Nov. 25. 1899.
Davis. Henry G., March, 11,
1916.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
771
Davis. Mrs. Jeff., Oct. 16.
Davis, 'Richard H., April 11.
Davis Winnie. Sept. 18. 1898.
Dav itt. Michael. May 31. 1906.
Debussy. C. C., Mar. 26. 1918.
Deering, Wm., Dec. 9. 1913.
De Martens. P.. June 20. 1909.
Detaille, Edouard. Dec. 24.
1912
Dower. George, Jan. 16. 1917.
Diaz. Porfirio. July 2. 1915.
Dilke. Chas. W., Jan. 26, 1911.
Dingley. Nelson. Jan. 13. 1899.
Dodge, G. M.. Jan. 3. 1916.
Dolliver, J. P.. Oct. 15. 1910.
Donnelly, Ignatius, Jan. 2.
Doug-lass, Frederick, Feb. 20.
1895.
Drachman, Holger, Jan. 15.
Draper.' Andrew S.. April 27.
1 Ql S
Drexel.' Anthony J.. June 30,
Driver.' S. R.. Feb. 26, 1914
Drummond. H., March 11,
Du Maurler. G.. Oct. 8. 1896.
Dumas. Alexandre. Nov. 27,
Dunbar. Paul L., Feb. 9. 1906.
Dvorak. Antonin, May 1. 1904.
Dwight. Timothy. May 26,
1916.
East. Sir Edward. Sept. 28,
•I Q-j O
Eddy. 'Mary Baker, Dec. 3.
Edmunds. G. F.. Feb. 27. 1919.
Edward VII.. May 6, 1910.
Edwards. Amelia B., April 15.
1 SQ*}
Eggleston, Edward, Sept. 3,
1 QO*^
Eggleston. G. Cary, April 14,
1 Ql_l
Ehrlich. Paul. Aug. 20, 1915.
Eisner. K.. Feb. 21. 1919.
Elizabeth. Empress, Sept. 10,
1 RQ8
Elkins.' S. B.. Jan. 4. 1911."
(Ellis. Edw. S.. June 20. 1916.
Emmett, "Fritz." June 15.
1 8Q1
English. Wm. H., Feb. 7,
Erlang-er. C.. April 24. 1919.
Evans. Robley D., Jan. 3,
1912.
Evarts. Wm. M.. Feb. 28,
1901.
Faguet. E.. June 7. 1916.
Fair. James G.. Dec. 28, 1894.
Fairbanks. C. W.. June 4.
Fairchi'ld. Lucius, May 23.
1896.
Faithfull. Emily, June 1.
1895
Parley.' J. M.. Sept. 17. 1918.
Farjeon. B. L.. July 23. 1903.
Faure, Felix, Feb. 16, 1899.
Fenn. G. M.. Augr. 27. 1909.
Ferdinand. Archduke, June 28,
1914.
Ferrer. Francisco, Oct. 13.
Field. Cyrus W.. July 12. 1892.
Field. Eugene. Nov. 4. 1895.
Field. Kate, May 18. 1896.
Field. Marshall. Jan. 16. 1906.
Field. R. M.. Nov. 11. 1902.
Field. Roswell, Jan. 10. 1919.
Field. S. J.. April 9, 1899.
Finlay. Chas., Aug. 20. 1915.
Fisk. Clinton B.. July 9, 1890.
Fitch, George. Aug. 9. 1915.
Flagler. H. M.. May 20, 1913.
Florence. Wm. J., Nov. 19.
1891.
Flower. R. P., May 12. 1899.
Foraker, J. B.. May 10, 1917.
Forbes. Archibald, March 30.
1900.
Ford, Patrick. Sept. 23, 1913.
Foss. Cyrus D., Jan. 29. 1910.
Foster. Geo. B.. Dec. 22. 1918.
Fox. Delia, June 16, 1913.
Fox. John, Jr.. July 8. 1919.
Francis Joseph I., Nov. 21,
Frederick VIII.. May 14. 1912.
Frederick, Empress, Aug. 5.
1901
Fremont. J. C., July 13, 1890.
French. W. M. R.. June 3,
1914.
Frohman. Chas., May 7, 1915.
Froude. Jas. A.. Oct. 20, 1894.
Frye. Wm. P.. Aug. 8. 1911.
Fuller. M. W., July 4. 1910.
Funston. F.. Feb. 19, 1917.
Furness, H. H., Aug. 13, 1912.
Gaillard, D. D.. Dec. 5, 1913.
Gallieni. J. S.. May 27. 1916.
Gardiner. Asa B., May 28. 1919
Garnett, Henry, Nov. 5, 1914.
Gary. Jos. E.. Oct. 31, 1906.
Gates. John W., Aug. 9, 1911.
Gay nor. Wm. J.. Sept. 1
1913.
Geikie, Jas., March 2. 1915.
George. Henry. Oct. 29, 1896.
George I. (Greece), March 18,
1913.
Gilbert, Wm. S.. May 2, 1911.
Gilder, Jeannette L.. Jan. 17.
1916.
Gilder. R. W., Nov. 18. 1909.
Gill. David. Jan. 24, 1914.
Gilmore, Patrick S.. Sept. 24,
1892.
Gladden, Washington, July 2,
1918.
Gladstone. W. E.. May 19,
1898.
Goode, Geo. B., Sept. 6, 1896.
Goodwin, J. C.. Dec. 18. 1912.
Goodwin. N. C.. Jan. 31. 1919.
Gould. Jay. Dec. 2. 1892.
Gould. Nath'l, July 25. 1919.
Gounod. Charles F., Oct. 18,
1893.
Grant. F. D.. April 11. 1912.
Grau. H.. Oct. 27. 1912.
Gray. Elisha. Jan. 21. 1901.
Green, Hetty. July 3. 1916.
Gresham. Walter Q., May 28,
1895.
Grieg. Edvard. Sept. 4. 1907.
Grodekoff. N. I., Dec. 26. 1913.
Grundy. Sydney. July 4, 1914.
Guild. Curtis, April 6, 1915.
Guilmant. F. A., March 30,
1911.
Haeckel. E. H.. Aug. 9. 1919.
Hagenbeck. Carl, April 14,
1913.
Hale. Edw. E.. June 10, 1909.
Halevy. Ludovic. May 8, 1908.
Halstead. Murat. July 2, 1908.
Hamilton. Gail. Aug. 17. 1896.
Hampton. Wade. Apr. 11. 1902
Hanlon. Edward. Jan. 4, 1908.
Hanna. M. A.. Feb. 15, 1904.
Hanshaw. T. W.. Mar. 4, 1914.
Harahan. J. T.. Jan. 22. 1912.
Hardie. J. K.. Sept. 26. 1915.
Harlan. John M.. Oct. 14. 1911.
Harper. Olive, May 3, 1915.
Harper. Wm. R., Jan. 10, 1906.
Harpignies. H. J., Aug. 28,
1916.
Harriman. E. H.. Sept. 9.
1909.
Harris. J. Chandler. July 3.
1908.
Harris. Wm. T., Nov. 5, 1909.
Harrison. Benj., Mar. 13, 1901.
Harrison, Carter, Sr.. Oct. 28.
1893.
Hatch. Rufus, Feb. 23, 1893.
Hay, John, July 1, 1905.
Hayes. R. B.. Jan. 17, 1893.
Hearn, Lafcadio. Sept. 26.
1904.
Hearst. Mrs. P. A.. April 13.
1919.
Heilprin. Angelo. July 17. 1907.
Heilprin. Louis, Feb. 13, 1912.
Henderson, C. R., March 29.
1915.
Henderson, D. B., Feb. 25. 1906.
Henry, O.. June 5, 1910.
Hepburn. W. P., Feb. 7. 1916.
Herbert. H. A., March 6, 1919.
Herkomer, H., Mar. 31. 1914.
Herne. Jas. A., June 2, 1901.
Hertling. G. F. von. Jan. 4,
1919.
Hewitt, A. S.. Jan. 18, 1903.
Heyse. Paul, April 2. 1914.
Higginson, H. L., Nov. 14.
1919.
Higinbotham, H. N.. April 18.
1919.
Hilkoff, M., March 21. 1909.
Hill. David B.. Oct. 20. 1910.
Hill. Jas. J.. May 29. 1916.
Hitchcock, E. A.. Apr. 9. 1909.
Hitt, John, April 29, 1911.
Hitt, Robt. R., Sept. 20. 1906.
Hoar. Geo. F., Sept. 30, 1904.
Hoard. Wm. D.. Nov. 22. 1918.
Hobart. G. A.. Nov. 21, 1899.
Hodler, Ferd., May 21, 1918.
Hoe. Robert. Sept. 22. 1909.
Holden. E. S., Mar. 16. 1914.
Hollaender, G., Dec. 6, 1915.
Holleben. T. v., Feb. 1. 1913.
Holman, W. S., April 22. 1897.
Holmes. Mary J., Oct. 6.
1907.
Holmes, Oliver W., Oct. 7.
1894.
Howard, O. O., Oct. 26. 1909.
Howe, Julia W., Oct. 17. 1910.
Hoxie, Vinnie R.. Nov. 20.
1914.
Hubbard. Mbert, May 7. 1915.
Huerta, V.. Jan. 13. 1916.
Humbert. King, July 29. 1900.
Hunt. Wm. H., Sept. 7. 1910.
Huntington, C. P., Aug. 14.
1900.
Hutchins. Stilson, April 22.
1912.
Huxley. T. H.. June 29. 1894.
Hyacinthe, Pere. Feb. 9. 1912.
Ibsen. Henrik, May 23. 1906.
Ignatieff, N. P.. July 4. 1908.
Ingalls. J. J.. Aug. 16. 1900.
Ingersoll. R. G.. July 21. 1899.
Ireland. John. Sept. 25, 1918.
Irving, Henry. Oct. 18. 1905.
Irving. Laurence. May 29.
1914.
Isherwood. B. P., June 19.
1915.
Israels. Joseph, Aug. 12. 1911.
Ito. Admiral Y.. Jan. 14. 1914.
James. Henry. Feb. 28. 1916.
Jameson. L. S.. Nov. 26. 1917.
Jaures. J. L.. July 31. 1914.
772
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Jefferson, Jos., Apr. 23, 1905.
Jewett, Sarah O., June 24,
1909.
Joachim, Jos., Aug. 15. 1907.
Jokai, Maurus, May 5, 1904.
Johnson, Eastman, April 5,
1906.
Johnson, J. A., Sept. 21. 1909.
Jones, Fernando, Nov. 8, 1911.
Joubert. Gen.. Mar. 27. 1900.
Judd, Orange, Dec. 27, 1892.
Judge, W. Q., Mar. 22, 1896.
Judith, Mme.. Oct. 27. 1912.
Kaempf, J., May 25, 1918.
Katsuro, Taro, Oct. 10. 1913.
Keene, Jas. R., Jan. 3, 1913.
Kelcey, Herbert, July 10, 1917.
Kellogg, Clara L., May 13,
1916.
Kelly, Myra. March 31, 1910.
Kelvin, Lord. Dec. 17. 1907.
Kendal, W. H., Nov. 6, 1917.
Kiderlen-Waechter. A. von,
Dec. 30, 1912.
Kiralfy. Imre. April 27, 1919.
Kitchener, H. H., June 5. 1916.
Kjelland. Alex., April 6, 1906.
Knott, J. P., June 8, 1911.
Koch, Robert, May 27. 1910.
Kossuth, Louis. Mar. 20. 1894.
Kruger, Paul, July 14, 1904.
Kwang-Hsu. Nov. 14. 1908.
Labouchere. Henry. Jan. 16,
1912.
La Farge. John, Nov. 14,
1910.
Lamar. J. R., Jan. 2, 1916.
Lamprecht. K., May 11. 1915.
Landon, M. DeL.. Dec. 16.
1910.
Lang1, Andrew. July 21, 1912.
Lang-ley, S. P., Feb. 27. 1906.
Larcom, Lucy. April 17. 1893.
Laurier. W.. Feb. 17, 1919.
Lawton. H. W.. Dec. 19. 1899.
Layton. F.. Aug-. 16, 1919.
Lecocq. C., Oct. 25, 1918.
Lee, Margaret, Dec. 26. 1914.
Le Febre. J. J., Feb. 24. 1912.
Lemaitre, F. E.. Aug. 6. 1914.
Leo XIII.. July 20, 1903.
Leoncavallo, R.. Aug. 9, 1919.
Leopold II.. Dec. 17, 1909.
Leroux, X. H.. Feb. 3. 1919.
Lewis, A. H.. Dec. 23. 1914.
Liebknecht. K.. Jan. 16. 1919.
Li Hung-Chang. Nov. 7, 1901.
Liliuokalani. Nov. 11. 1917.
Lister, Joseph, Feb. 11. 1912.
Lockwood, Belva. May 19,
1917.
Logan. Olive, April 23, 1909.
Lombroso. C.. Oct. 19. 1909.
London. Jack. Nov. 27. 1916.
Long-, John D.. Aug. 27. 1915.
Longpre, Paul de, June 29,
1911.
Lorimer. G. C., Sept. 8, 1904.
Lossing. B. J.. June 3. 1891.
Low. Seth, Sept. 17. 1916.
Lowell. Jas. R.. Aug. 12, 1891.
Lowell, P.. Nov. 12. 1916.
Loyson, Charles, Feb. 9. 1912.
LubVock. J. (see AveburyJ.
Lublin, David, Jan. 1. 1919.
Lucca, Pauline, Feb. 28. 1908.
Lurton, Horace, July 12, 1914.
Luxembourg, Rosa, Jan. 16.
1919.
Maartens, M.. Aug. 4. 1915.
Mabie. H. W.. Dec. 31, 1916.
Mace. Jem. Nov. 30. 1910.
MacNaughton, Mrs. A., March
31. 1910.
MacVeagh, W., Jan. 11. 1917.
Magruder, Benj. D., April 21.
1910.
Mahan, A. T.. Dec. 1. 1914.
Mandel, Leon, Nov. 4, 1911.
Manning-, Cardinal, Jan. 14,
1892.
Mansfield, R.. An,?. 30. 1907.
Marble, M., July 24, 1917.
Maretzek, Max. May 14, 1897.
Markham. C. R., Jan. 30, 1916.
Marryat, Florence, Oct. 27.
1899.
Marsh. O. C., March 18, 1899.
Marsh, R., Aug. 10. 1915.
Martinelli, S., July 5, 1918.
Massenet, Jules, Aug. 13,
1912.
Mathews, Wm., Feb. 15, 1909.
Maupassant, Guy de, July 6.
1893.
Maxim. H. S.. Nov. 24, 1916.
Mead, L. G., Oct. 15, 1910.
Medill, Jos.. March 16. 1899.
Meissonier, Jan. 31, 1891.
Melville, G. W.. March 17.
1912.
Mendes. Catulle, Feb. 8, 1909.
Menelik II., Dec. 12. 1913.
Menzel, Adolf, Feb. 9, 1905.
Meredith. Geo.. May 18, 1909.
Merritt, Wesley. Dec. 3, 1911.
Metchnikoff. E., July 17. 1916.
Meyer, G. v. L., Mar. 9. 1918.
Michel. Louise. Jan. 9, 1905.
Millais, Sir John, Aug. 13.
1896.
Miller. Joaquin. Feb. 17. 1913.
Miller, Roswell. Jan. 3, 1913.
Millet. F. D.. April 15. 1912.
Mills. Benj. F.. May 1, 1916.
Mills, L. L., Jan. 18, 1909.
Mills. Roger Q., Sept. 2. 1911.
Mirbeau, O.. Feb. 16. 1917.
Mistral. Frederic. March 25,
1914.
Mitchel. J. P., July 6. 1918.
Mitchell. John, Sept. 9, 1919.
Mitchell, Maggie, March 22.
1918.
Modjeska, Helena. April 8,
1909.
Monvel, B. de, March 16, 1913.
Moody, D. L., Dec. 22. 1899.
Morgan, J. P.. Mar. 31, 1913.
Morrison. W. R.. Sept. 29,
1909.
Morton. Paul, Jan. 19. 1911.
Mosby, John S., May 30. 1916.
Moscheles. F.. Dec. 22, 1917.
Most, Johann, March 17, 1906.
Moulton, Louise C., Aug. 10.
1908.
Muensterberg, H.. Dec. 16,
1916.
Muir, John. Dec. 24, 1914.
Murphy, J. B., Aug. 11, 1916.
Murray. J. A. H.. July 26,
1915.
Murray, Sir John. March 16,
1914.
Mutsuhito, Emperor, July 30,
1912.
McArthur, John, May 15,
1906.
McCarthy, Justin, April 24.
1912.
McClure. A. K., June 6. 1909.
McCormick, R. S.. April 16,
1919.
McCosh, Jas.. Nov. 16, 1894.
McGovern, T., Feb. 22. 1918.
McKinley. W.. Sept. 14, 1901.
McLean, J. R.. June 9. 1916.
McRea. Jas., March. 28, 1913.
McVicker, J. H.. Mar. 7. 1896.
Naeyer, E. D.. Sept. 10. 1913.
i Nares, Geo. S.. Jan. 16, 1915.
Nation. Carrie, June 9, 1911.
Nelson, W. R.. April 12, 1915.
Newcomb, Simon. July 11,
1909.
Newman, J. H., Aug. 1.1, 1890.
Nightingale, Florence. Aug.
14, 1910.
Nixon. Wm. P., Feb. 20, 1912.
]Sogi, M., Sept. 13. 1912.
Noidica, Lillian, May 10.
1914.
Nye, Edgar W., Feb. 21, 1896.
O'Brien, R. B., Mar. 19, 1918.
Ochiltree, Thos., Nov. 26.
1902.
Ohnet, Georges, May 5, 1918.
Oliphant. Mrs. M., June 25,
1897.
Ollivier, Emile, Aug. 20. 1913.
Olney. Richard, April 8, 1917.
Orchardson, W. O.. April 13,
1910.
O'Reilly, J. B., Aug. 11. 1890.
O'Reilly, R. M., Nov. 3. 1912.
Oscar II.. Dec. 8. 1907
Otis, H. G., July 30. 1917.
Otto, King, Oct. 11, 1916.
"Ouida" (Louise de la Ramee).
Jan. 24, 1908.
Page. W. H.. Dec. 22. 1918.
Paine. C. J., Aug. 14, 1916.
Paine. R. T., Aug. 11. 1910.
Palma, Tomas, E.. Nov. 4.
1908.
Palmer. J. M., Sept. 25. 1900.
Palmer, Potter, May 4, 1902.
Palmer. Mrs. Potter. May 5,
1918.
Palmer. T. W., June 1. 1913.
Parker, Jos., Nov. 28, 1902.
Parkman, Francis. Nov. 8,
1893.
Prssy. Fred. June 12. 1912.
Pastor, "Tony." Aug. 26. 1908.
Patti. Adelina. Sept. 27, 1919.
Payer, J. von., Aug. 31, 1915.
Paz. J. C. P.. March 10, 1912.
Pearsons. D. K., April 27.
1912.
Peck, G. W., April 16. 1916.
Peck. H. T.. March 23. 1914.
Peffer, W. A., Oct. 7, 1912.
Pennypacker. S. A., Sept. 2,
1916.
Pickering. E. C.. Feb. 3. 1919.
Picquart, M. G.. Jan. 18. 1914.
Pierrepont. E.. Mar. 6. 1892.
°ingree, H. S., June 18. 1901.
Pitou, A., Dec. 4, 1915.
Pittman, Ben, Dec. 28. 1910.
Pius X.. Aug. 20, 1914.
Platt, T. C., March 6. 1910.
Playfair. Lyon, May 29. 1898.
Plympton, E., April 12. 1915.
Poincare, J. H., July 18, 1912.
Poole, Wm. F.. Mar. 1, 1894.
Poor, H. W., April 13. 1915.
Porter, Noah. March 4. 1892.
I Potter, H. C., July 21. 1908.
I Poynter, E. J.. July 26, 1919.
Pratt, B. L., May 18, 1917.
Piatt, John J., Feb. 16. 1917.
Pia, Maria. July 5, 1911.
Perkins, Eli, Dec. 16. 1910.
Pryor. R. A., March 14, 1919.
Pulitzer, Jos., Oct. 29. 1911.
Pullman, G. M., Oct. 19. 1897.
Pyle, Howard, Nov. 9, 1911.
Rampolla, Cardinal, Dec. 16,
1913.
Ramsay, Wm., July 23. 1916.
Randall. S. J.. April 13. 1890.
Rankin, McK., Apr. 17. 1914.
. Rayleigh. J. W., June 20, 1919.
; Reclus, Elisee, July 4, 1905.
MMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
773.
Redmond. J. E.. Mar. 6. 1918.
Reed. Thos. B.. Doc. 7 1902.
Rehan. Ada. Jan. 8, 1916
Reid. Whitelaw. Dec. 15. 1912.
Remenyi, Edouard, May 15,
1 CQQ
Remington. P.. DPC. 26. 1909.
Renan. Jos. E., Oct. 2 1892.
Reszke, Edouard de. May 30.
1 Q1 7
Rexford. Eben E.. Oct. 18,
Rhode6s, Cecil. Mar. 26. 1902.
Ridpath. J. C.. July 31. 1900.
Riis Jacob A.. May 26, 1914.
Riley J. W.. July 22, 1916.
Ristori. Adelaide. Oct 9. 1906.
Roberts. Lord, Nov. 14. 1914.
Robson. Stuart. Apr. 29. 1903.
Rochefort, Henri. July 1. 1913.
Rockhill. W. W.. Dec 8. 1914.
Rodin. A.. Nov. 17 1917.
Roebling. W.. April 15. 1912.
Rogers. H. H.. May 19, 1909.
Rojestvensky. S.. Jan. 14,
Rosewater,
Rothschild, N. M., March 31.
1 Oil ^
Roulede. P. de. Jan. 30. 1934.
Rubinstein. A. G.. Nov. 20.
1 RQ
Ruskin. John. Jan. 20. 1900
Russell, Sir Charles. Aug. 10,
Rufs°ell. Wm. H.. Feb. 10.
1907.
<;ae-asta P M Jan. 5. 1903.
lalrRussell, July 22. 1906.
Sage, Mrs. R., Nov. 4. 1918.
Saint-Gaudens, August. Aug.
o 1 QQ'T
St.' John.' Florence, Jan. 30.
SLJohn. J. P.. Aug. 31. 1916.
Salisbury. Lord. Aug. Z».
Salvini', Alexandre, Dec. 14,
1 89B. ~t r\-\ c*
Salvini. Tomasso. Jan. 1. 1916.
Sampson. W. T., May 6. 19
Sankey. Ira D., Aug. 13. 1908.
Sarasate. P. de. Sept. 20. 1908.
Sardou. Victonen. Nov. 8.
Pa\??l!: Francis Jan 8. 1910.
Schaefen Jacob, March 8,
ScMey'W S.. Oct. 2. 1911.
ScKlfemann. H.. Dec. 25. 1890.
Schurz, Carl, May 14. 1906.
Scott. Robt. F.. March 29.
no.
Seton-Karr. Henry. May 29.
1 Q1 4-
Shaw Anna H July 2. 1919.
Shelley. Kate, Jan. 21. 1912
Sheridan. M. V., Feb. 21,
Sherman. J. S., Oct. 30. 1912.
Sherman. John, Oct. 22. 1900.
Sherman, W. T.. Feb. 14.
Shoots: T. P.. ^>t 21 1910.
Sickles. D. E.. M^y 3. 1914.
Bienkiewioz. H.. Nov. 16. 1916.
Sigel. Franz Aug .21 1902
Smiles. Sam'l. Apnl 16. 1904.
Smith. F. H.. April 7. 1915.
Smith. Goldwin. June 7, 1910.
Smith. Jos. F. Nov. 19. 1918.
Smyth. J. M.. Nov. 4, 1909.
Soldene, Emily, April 8. 1912.
Sophia, Queen, Dec. 30. 1913.
Spencer. Herbert, Dec. 8, 1903.
Spooner, J. C.. June 11. 1919.
Spragrue. O. S. A., Feb. 20.
1909
Sprague, Wm.. Sept. 11. 19il5.
Spreckels, Claus, Dec. 26.
1908.
Stanford. Leland. June 20,
1893
I Stanl y. H. M., May 10. 1904.
i Stanton. E. C.. Oct. 26, 1902.
, Ste?d. W. T., April 15. 1912.
I Stedman. E. C.. Jan. 18. 1908.
| Stephenson. I., Mar. 15, 1918.
Stevenson. A. E., June 14,
1914.
Stillman. Jas., March 15. 1918.
Stockton. F. R., April 20,
1902.
Stolypin. P. A., Sept. 18, 1911.
Storey, Geo. A.. July 29. 1919.
Story. Julian. Feb. 24, 1919.
Strakosch. Max, March 17,
1892.
St-athcona. Lord, Jan. 21.
1914
Strauss. Eduard, Dec. 30. 191 R.
Pt-auss. Joh.inn. May 3. 1899.
Strindberg. A.. May 14. 1912.
Stuart. Ruth McE., May 4.
Sullivan. Sir Arthur, Nov. 22.
1900
Sullivan, J. L.. Feb. 2. 1918.
Suppe, Franz v., Jnne 21. 1 "05.
Sutro. Adolph, Aug. 8. 1898.
Suttner. Bertha V., June 21.
1914
Svendsen. J. S., June 14. 1911.
Swift. Louis, Jan. 5. 1913.
Swinburne. A. C., April 10.
1909
Swing-, David. Oct. 3. 1894.
Sylva. Carmen. Mar. 2, 1916.
Tnina H. A.. March 5. 1893.
Talmage. F. DeW., Feb. 9.
1912.
Talmage. T. DeW.. April 12.
1902.
Tanner. H. S.. Dec. 28. 1918.
Teller. H. M.. Feb. 23, 1914.
Tenniel. John, Feb. 26. 1914.
Tennyson. Alfred. Oct. 6. 1892.
Terry A. H., Dec. 16, 1890.
Terr?. E. O., April 2, 1912.
Thaxter. Celia L.. Aug. 27,
Thebes! Mme. de. Dec. 26. 1916.
Thureau-Dagnan, P., Feb. 24,
•1 O1 O
Thurman. A. G.. Dec. 12, 1895.
Thwaites. R. G.. Oct. 22. 1913.
Ticknor. B. H., Jan. 17. 1914.
Tillman. B. R.. July 3. 1918.
Tilton. Theo., May 25. 1907
Tisza. K. de, March 23, 1902.
Tolstoy. Leo, Nov. 20, 1910.
Torney. G. H., Dec. 27 1913
Tourg-ee. A. W., May 21. 1905.
Townsend, G. A.. Apnl 15,
1 Q14
.
Trowbridge, J. T., Feb. 12,
Tschaikowsky. Nov. 5. 1893.
Tsu-Hsi. Nov. 15, 1908
Tnlev M. F., Dec. 25. 190o.
Twain. Mark, (see Clemens.
S. L.).
Tyndall. John. Dec. 4, 1893.
Vambery. Arminius, Sept. 15,.
1913.
Vanderbilt. ' A. G., May 7.
1915.
Vanderbilt. C., Sept. 12. 1899..
Van Hise, C. R.. Nov. 19,
1918.
Van Nord"n. W.. Jan. 1, 1914,
Van Wyek, R. A., Nov. 15,
1918.
Verdi. Giuseppe, Jan. 27, 1901.
Verhaeren. E.. Nov. 27. 1916..
Verne. Jules, March 24, 1905.
Victoria. Queen, Jan. 22, 1901.
Vilas. Wm. F.. Aug. 27, 1908.
Villa-d. Hen-y. Oct. 12. 1900.
Vi~chow. Rudolph, Sept. 5.
1902.
Vo-^ h-es. D. W., April 10.
1897.
Wagner, C. W., May 13, 1918.
W-ite. C. B., M ch 25, 1909.
Walker. Dr. Mary, Feb. 21.
1919.
Wallace. A. R., Nov. 7. 1913.
Ward. A. Mont.. Dsc. 7. 1913.
Ward, J. Q. A.. May 1. 1910.
Ward. May A., Jan. 14, 1918.
Ware, Eug-ene F., July 2. 1911..
Warman. Cy. April 7. 1914.
Washington. B. T.. Nov. 14.
1915.
Watts-Dunton. W. T., June 7,
1914.
Weaver. Jas. B., Feb. 6, 1912..
Webster. Jean, June 11. 1916.
•v 11s. Kate. G., Dec. 13, 1911.
Westinghouse. G.. March 12,
1914.
Wheeler. Jos.. Jan. 25, 1906_
Whistler. J. A. McN., July 17.
1903.
White. A. D.. Nov. 4, 1918.
White. Horace. Sept. 16. 1916.
Whitney. M. W. Sept 19. 1910.
Whitney. W. C.. Feb. 2, 1904.
Whittier. J. G.. Sept. 7. 1892.
Whymper. E., Sept. 16, 1911.
\ViKox, E.la W., Oct. 30,
1019.
Wilde. Oscar. Nov. 30, 1900.
Wilder. M. P.. Jan. 10. 1915.
Wilhelmj. Aug., Jan. 23. 1908.
Willa-d. Frances E.. Feb. 17.
1898.
Wilson. Augusta E., Aug. Q.
3909.
Wilson. Ellen L., Aug. 6.
1914.
Windom. Wm., Jan. 29, 1891.
Wines. F. H., Jan. 31, 1912.
Winter, J. S., D3<;. 14, 1911.
Winter. Wm.. June 30. 1917.
Wiltle. S. J., March 12. 1915.
Wols-ley. Viscount. March 25.
1913
Woodfdrd, S. L., Feb. 14, 1913.
Woodruff. T. L.. Oct. 12.
Woolley. Celia P.. March 9.
" C. D.. Feb. 20, 1909.
Wright. Wilbur. May 30, 1912.
Wymsn. A. U.. March 4, 1915.
Wyman. Walter. Nov. 21.
Wyndham. Chas., Jan.
Yates. E. H.. May 20. 1894.
Yea mans. Annie. March 3.
191°
Yerkes! C. T.. D*c. 29. 1905.
Yu;>n Shih-kai. Jnne 6. 1916.
Zeppelin, F.. March 8. 1917.
Zola. Emile, Sept. 29, 1902.
774
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
STATES, CAPITALS, GOVERNORS AND LEGISLATURES.
State or terri- Term. Term Next leg-
tory. Capital. Governor. yrs. Salary, expires. islature.
Alabama Montgomery.. Thos. F. Kilby. D....4 $5,000 Jan. 1923 JJan.
Alaska Territory. Juneau fThomas Riggs. Jr., D.4 7,000 Apr. 1922 *Mar.
Arizona Phooenix T. E. Campbell R 2 6.500 Jan. 1921
Arkansas Little Rock...Chas. H. Brougrh. D..2 4.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
California Sacramento. .. W. D. Stephens. R...4 10.000 Jan. 1923 Man.
Colorado Denver O. H. Shoup, R 2
Connecticut Hartford M. H. Holcomb. R..2
Delaware Dover J. G. Townsend, Jr.,R.4
Dist. of Columbia. Washington
6.000 Jan. 1921
5.000 Jan. 1921
4.000 Jan. 192-1 *Jan.
1923
1921
Nov. 1921
1921
1921
Jan.
Jan.
1921
1921
1921
Limit
session
50 days
60 days
None.
60 days
60 dayg
90 days
None.
None.
Florida Tallahassee... S. J. Catts. D 4
Georgia Atlanta H. M. Dorsey. D 2
.tChas. J. McCarthy, D.4
,D. W. Davis, R...
,F. O. Lowden, R.
Hawaii Honolulu
Idaho Boise City..
Illinois Springfield .
Indiana Indianapolis... J. P. Goodrich. R
Iowa Des Moines...W. L. Harding, R
Kansas Topeka Henry J. Allen. R — 2
Kentucky Frankfort E. P. Morrow. R 4
Louisiana Baton Rouge. R. G. Pleasant. D....4
Maine Augusta ......C. E. Milliken. R 2
Maryland Annapolis ...A. C. Ritchie. D 4
6.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
5.000 June 1921 June
7,000 June 1922 Man.
5,000 Jan. 1921 Man.
4 12.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
4 8.000 Jan. 192-1 Man.
2 5.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
2 5.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
6.500 Dec. 1923 Man.
7,500 May 1920
3.000 Jan. 1921
4.500 Jan. 1924
May
Jan.
Massachusetts .. .Boston ....... C. Coolidge. R...'.!!*.ll 10!000 Jan. 1921 Jan.'
Michigan Lansing A. E. Sleeper, R 2 5.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
Minnesota .St. Paul J. A..A. Burnquist, R. 2
Mississippi Jackson L. M. Russell, D 4
Missouri Jefferson City. F. D. Gardner. D 4
Montana Helena S. V. Stewart. D 4
Nebraska Lincoln S. R. McKelvie. R....2
Nevada Carson City...E. D. Boyle. D 4
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
,.J. H. Bartlett R...
..E. I. Edwards D..
..O. O. Larrazolo R.,
..A. E. Smith, D
. .T. W. Bickett. D...
..L. J. Frazier, R...
New Hampshire.. .Concord
New Jersey Trenton
New Mexico Santa Fe
New York Albany .
North Carolina.... Raleigh
North Dakota Bismarck
Ohio Columbus
Oklahoma Okla. City.... J. B. A. Robertson. D.4
Oregon Salem B. W. Olcott, R 4
Pennsylvania Harrisburg1 ..W. C. Sproul, R —
Philippines Manila tF. B. Harrison. D... .
Porto Rico San Juan ....tArthur Yager. D
Rhode Island Providence ...R. L. Beeckman. R...2
South Carolina... Columbia ....R. A. Cooper. D 2
South Dakota Pierre P. Norbeck. R 2
Tennessee Nashville A. H. Roberts. D 2
Texas Austin Wm. P. Hobby, D....2
Utah Salt Lake City. S. Bamberger. D 4
Vermont Montpelier ...P. W. Clement, R — 2
Virginia Richmond
Washington Olympia ..
West Virginia .... Charleston
Wisconsin Madison ..
Wyoming Cheyenne
7.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
5.000 Jan. 1924 Man.
5.000 Jan. 1921
7.500 Jan. 1921
2.500 Jan. 1921
7.200 Jan. 1921 Man.
..2 3.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
..3 10.000 Jan. 1923 Jan.
..2 5,000 Jan. 1921 Jan.
..2 10.000 Jan. 1921 Jan.
..4 6.500 Jan. 1921 Man.
.^.. „. *•* «**.«,, , «, 2 5.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
.J. M. Cox. D 2 10.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
4.500 Jan. 1923 Man.
5,000 Jan. 1923 Man.
4 10.000 Jan. 1923 Man.
. 20.000 Indef
. 10.000 Indef
3.000 Jan. 1921 Jan.
3.000 Jan. 1921 Jan.
3.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
4.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
.W. Davis. D 4
.Louis F. Hart. R 4
.John J. Cornwell, D..4
.E. L. Philipp, R 2
.R. D. Cary. R 4
4.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
6.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
3.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
5.000 Feb. 1922 Man.
6.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
5.000 Mar. 1921 Man.
5.000 Jan. 1921 Man.
4.000 Jan. 1923 Man.
1921
1921
1921
1921
1921
1921
1921
1921
1920
1920
192.1
1920
1921
1921
1921
1920
1921
1921
1921
1921
1921
1920
1920
1920
1921
1921
1920
1921
1921
1921
60 day*
50 days
GO'days
None.
60 days
None.
40 days
60 dayg
60 days
None.
90 days
None.
None.
90 dayg
60 days
70 days
60 days
60 days
60 days
None.
None.
60 dayg
None.
60 days
60 day«
None.
None.
40 days
None.
1920
1920
1921
1921
1921
1921
1921
1920
1921
1921
1921
1919
None.
None.
60 days
75 daya
90 days
60 daya
None.
90 days
60 days
45 daya
None.
40 days
'Biennial sessions. tAppointed by the president. JQuadrennial sessions.
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD.
Appointed by the president.
Members. Terms expire.
W. P. G. Harding (Ala.) governor 1922
Albert Strauss (N. Y.) vice-governor 1928
Adolph C. Miller (Cal.) 1924
Charles S. Hamlin (Mass.) 1926
Henry A. Moehlenpah (Wis.) 1920
Ex Officio Members — The secretary of the
treasury, chairman, and the comptroller of
the currency.
Executive secretary — W. W. Hoxton.
Secretary— W. T. Chapman.
Assistant secretary— R. G. Emerson.
General Counsel — George L. Harrison.
Chief. Division of Operations and Examina-
tion—W. W. Paddock.
Fiscal Agent— W. M. Imlay.
Headquarters — Treasury department. Washing-
ton. D. C.
Salaries— Of five members, 812,000 a year;
Comptroller of currency as ex offioio mem-
ber $7.000 a year additional to his salary .
of $5.000 as comptroller. The executiv« see- l
DISTRICTS AND OFFICIALS.
retary receives $10.000 a year, the secretary
to the board $6.000. the assistant secretary
$3.600. the general counsel $8.500. the chief
of operations and exnmination $5,000 and
the fiscal agent $4,000.
Duties — The federal reserve board exercises a
general supervision over the affairs and man-
agement of the federal reserve banks. It
has the power to discount paper, issue fedi
eral reserve notes and perform other bank-
ing functions prescribed by the law. It
appoints its own officers and employes and
derives its support from assessments levied
on the reserve banks. The members of the
board are appointed by the president of the
United States.
FEDERAL RESERVE CITIES.
Dist. and city.
1. Boston. Mass.
2. New York. N. Y.
3. Philadelphia, Pa.
4. Cleveland. O.
5. Richmond. Va.
6. Atlanta. Ga.
Dist. and city.
7. Chicago. 111.
8. St. Louis. Mo.
9. Minneapolis. Minn.
10. Kansas City. Mo.
11. Dallas. Tex.
12. San Francisco, Cal.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
775
FEDERAL RESERVE DISTRICTS.
1. Maine. New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa-
chusetts. Rhode Island and all of Connecticut
except the county of Fairfield.
2. The state of New York and the northern
part of the state of New Jersey comprising
the counties of Berg-en, Essex, Hudson, Hun-
terdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic,
Somerset, Sussex, Union, Warren and the
county of Fairfield in the state of Connecticut.
3. All that part of New Jersey comprising
the counties of Atlantic, Burlington, Camden,
Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester! Mercer,
•Ocean and Salem: the state of Delaware; all
that part of Pennsylvania east of the western
boundary of McKean. Elk. Clearfield, Cambria
and Bedford counties.
4. Ohio: all that part of Pennsylvania west
of district No. 3: Marshall, Ohio. Brooke, Han-
cock. Wetzel and Tyler counties. West Vir-
ginia; all that part of Kentucky east of the
western boundary of Boone, Grant, Scott,
Woodford, Jessamine, Garrard, Lincoln. Pu-
laski and McCreary counties.
5. District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia,
North Carolina and South Carolina; all of
West Virginia except Marshall. Ohio. Brooke,
Hancock, Wetzel and Tyler counties.
6. Alabama, Georgia and Florida: all that
part of Tennessee east of the western bound-
ary of Stewart, Houston, Wayne. Humphreys
and Perry counties: all that part of Mississippi
south of the northern boundary of Issaquena.
Sharkey, Yazoo, Kemper. Madison. Leake and
Neshoba counties: all of that part of Louisi-
ana south of the northern boundaries of the
parishes of Vernon, Rapides and Ayoyelles.
7. Iowa; all that part of Wisconsin south of
the northern boundary of Marquette. Oconto.
Langlade, Marathon, Jackson arid Vernon coun-
ties; all of the southern peninsula of Michi-
gan, viz., that part east of Lake Michigan: all
that part of Illinois north of the southern
boundary of Hancock, Schuyler, Cass, San-
gamon, Christian, Shelby, Cumberland and
Clark counties; all that part of Indiana north
of the southern boundary of Vigo, Clay. Owen,
Monroe, Brown, Bartholomew, Jennings, Rip-
ley and Ohio counties.
8. Arkansas: all that, part of Missouri east
of the western boundary of Harrison. Daviess.
Caldwell, Ray, Lafayette, Johnson, Henry. St.
Clair, Cedar, Dade, Lawrence and Barry coun-
ties: all that part of Illinois and Indiana not
included in district No. 7: all that part of
Kentucky not included in district No. 4: all
that part of Tennessee and Mississippi not in-
cluded in district No. 6.
9. Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota
and Minnesota: all that part of Wisconsin and
Michigan not included in district No. 7.
10. Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyo-
ming; all that part of Missouri not included in
district No. 8 ; all of Oklahoma except the coun-
ties of Atoka, Bryan, Choctaw, Coal, Johnston,
McCurtain, Marshall and Pushmataha: all that
part of New Mexico north of the southern
boundary of McKinley, Sandoval, Santa Fe,
San Miguel and Union counties.
11. Texas: all that part of New Mexico and
Oklahoma not included in district No. 10: all
that part of Louisiana not included in district
No. 6: and Pima. Graham. Greenlee, Cochise
and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona.
12. California. Washington. Oregon. Idaho.
Nevada and Utah: all that part of Arizona not
included in district No. 11.
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES.
The following table of average rainfall, highest
and lowest temperatures, based upon observations
of forty-eight or fewer years at selected stations
in the several states and territories of the United
States, was compiled from the records of the
weather bureau for The Almanac and Year-Book
by the United States weather bureau. Washing-
ton. D. C.:
State Statin™ ^"°"'« of' Temperature.* Ac-p^
State. btatiOnS. leTel(ft.) y«M»i. Year. Min. Year, tionf
Alabama— Mobile .... 108 48 102 1901 —1 1899 62 0
Montgomery 240 47 107 1881 —5 1899 51.2
Arizona— Yuraa 141431201910 221911 3.1
Arkansas— Little Rock 398 40 106 1901 —12 1899 49 9
California— San Fran. 206 48 101 1904 29 1888 22 3
San Diego 59471101913 25191310.0
Colorado— Denver ....5,273 47 105 1878 —29 1875 14 0
Pueblo 4,685 31 104 1902 —27 1899 12.0
Connecticut— N. Haven 120 46 100 1881 —14 1873 47.2
Dist.Col.— Washington 111 48 106 1918 —15 1899 43.5
Florida — Jacksonville. 180 48 104 1879 10 1899 53 2
Key West 14481001886 41 1886 38.7
Georgia— Atlanta ....1,218 40 100 1887 —8 1899 49.4
Savannah 154481051879 8189950.3
Idaho— Boise 2,770 40 111 1898 —28 1888 12.7
Lewiston 756 24 HO 1918 —18 1884 13.5
Pocatello 4,503 20 102 1901 —20 1905 12.9
Illinois— Cairo 356 48 106 1901 —16 1884 41.7
Chicago • 816 48 103 1901 —23 1872 33.3
Springfield 607 40 107 1901 —24 1905 37 0
Indiana— Indianapolis. 830 48 106 1901 —25 1884 41*5
Iowa— Des Moines .... 861 41110 1918 —30 1884 32*4
Kansas— Dodge City.. 2,533 44 108 1876 —26 1899 20.8
Kentucky— Louisville 654 47 107 1901 —20 1884 44.3
Louisiana — N. Orleans 55 48 102 1901 7 1899 57 4
Shreveport 238461101909 — 5 1899 45.' 7
Maine— Eastport 76 46 93 1901 —23 1914 43.3
Portland 103 48 103 1911 —21 1917 42 5
Maryland— Baltimore.. 7848105 1918 —71899432
Massachusetts— Bost'n 125 48 104 1911 —14 1917 43'.4
Michigan— Alpena .... 616 47101 1911 —27 1882 33
Detroit 782 48 104 1918 —24 1872 32.2
Marquette 709 48 108 1901 —27 1888 32 6
netaSt< Paul" 97° 48104 1901 -41 1888 28>
913 38 HO 1917 -48 1887 24 9
„, . rtSE£" of°' Temperature.*^.
State. Stations. level (ft ) jra.M«. Year. Mm. Y«»r. tionf
Mississippi— Vicksb'g 247 48 101 1881 —1 1899 53.7
Missouri— St. Louis... 717 48 107 1901 —22 1884 37.2
Montana— Helena ....4,121 39 103 1886 —42 1893 12.8
Havre 2,492 39 108 1900 —57 1916 13.7
Nebraska— N. Platte 2,809 45 107 1877 —35 1899 18.9
Omaha 1,105 48 110 1918 —32 1884 30.7
Nevada— Winnemucca 4,291 43 104 1877 —28 1888 8.4
N. Jer.— Atlantic City 16 45 104 1918 —7 1899 40.8
New York— Albany .. 97 45 104 1911 —24 1904 36.4
Rochester ..' 523481011911—14190434.3
N. Mexico— Santa Fe 7,018 47 97 1878 —13 1883 14.5
N. Carolina— Charlotte 774 41 102 1887 —5 1899 49.2
Wilmington 78481031879 5189951.0
X. Dakota— Bismarck 1,674 44 107 1910 —45 1916 17.6
Ft. Buf'rd.Willist'n 1,897 40 107 1883 —49 1888 15.1
Ohio— Cincinnati 767 48 105 1901 —17 1S99 38.3
Cleveland . . .' 762 48 100 1918 —17 1873 35.0
Oklahoma— Okla. City 1,262 28 108 1909 —17 1899 31.7
Oregon— Portland ... 58471021907 —2188845.1
Roseburg ' 510 41 106 1905 —6 1888 34.4
Pennsylvania— Philadel-
phia 117481061918 —6189941.2
Pittsburgh 1,070 46 103 1881 —20 1899 36.4
R. Island— Block Isl'd 43 38 92 1911 —6 1917 44.4
S. Carolina— Charles'n 48 48 104 1879 7 1899 52.1
S. Dakota— Rap. City 3,271 33 106 1900 —40 1883 18.7
Yankton 1,23146107 1894—36191225.4
Tennessee— Knoxville 1,023 48 100 1887 —16 1884 49.4
Memphis 316481041901 —9189950.3
Texas— Abilene 1,735 33110 1886 —6 1899 24.7
Galveston 6947 991913 8189947.1
Utah-^Salt Lake City 4,408 45 102 1889 —20 1883 16.0
Vermont — Northfield.. 848 32 98 1911 — 41 1917 33.8
Virginia— Norfolk .... 14948105 1918 2189549.5
Washington— Spokane 1,955 38 104 1898 —30 1888 18.8
West Virginia — Par-
kersburg 673 30 106 1918 —27 1809 40.2
Wisconsin— Milwaukee 681 48 102 1916 —zo 1875 31.4
Wyoming— Cheyenne 6,121 48 100 1881—38 1875 13.6
'Corrected to Dec. 31, 1918, inclusive. fPrecipi-
tion normals adopted in 1907.
776
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
IMMIGRATION INTO THE UNITED STATES.
Fiscal years ended June 30-
1911.
6.721
3.092
9.223
10.222
1.307
18.982
African (black)
Armenian
Bohemian* . . .
Bulgarian! . • •
Chinese
Croatian*
Cuban 3.914
Dalmatian§ ... 4,400
Dutch&Flemish 13.862
East Indian....
English 5£25£
Finnish 9.779
French 18.132
German £6.471
Greek 37.021
Hebrew ?i'§72
Irish 40.246
Italian (north) 30.312
Italian (south) 159.638 135.830
Japanese 4.575 6.172
Korean
Lithuanian .... 17.027
Magyar }§-9§?
Mexican 18.784
Pacific islander.
Polish 71.44
1912.
6,759
5.222
8.439
10.657
1,608
24.366
3.155
3.672
10.935
165
49.689
6.641
18.382
65.343
31.566
80.595
33.922
26.443
Portug-uese ... J-469
Roumanian ... 5.J1J
Russian .• Jg-7,-!
Ruthenian .... 17.724
Scandinavian.. 45.859
Scotch 25.625
Slovak 21.415
Spanish 8.068
Spanish -Am.... » 1.153
Syrian 5.444
Turkish 918
Welsh 2,248
West Indian... 1.141
Other peoples.. 3.323
14.078
23.599
22.001
3
85.163
9.403
8.329
22.558
21.965
31.601
20.293
25.281
9.070
1.342
5.525
1.336
2.239
1.132
3.660
1913.
6.634
9.353
11.091
9.087
2.022
42.499
3.099
4.520
14.507
188
55.522
12.756
20.652
80,865
38.644
101.330
37.023
42.534
231.613
24.647
30.610
10.954
11
174.365
13.566
13.451
51.472
30.588
38.737
21.293
27,234
9.042
1.363
9.210
2.015
2,820
1.171
3.038
1915.
5.660
932
1.P51
3.506
2.469
1.942
3.402
305
6,675
82
1914.
8.447
7.785
§.928
.084
2,854
37.284
3.539
5.149
12.566
172
51.746 38.662
12.805 3.472
18.166 12.636
79.871 20.729
45.881 15.187
138.051 26.497
33.898 23.503
44,802 10.660
251.612 46.557
8.941 8.609
152 146
21.584 2.638
44.538 3.604
13.089 10.993
1 6
122.657
9.647
24.070
44.957
9.065
4.376
1.200
4.459
36.727 2.933
36.053 24.263
18.997 14.310
25.819 2.069
11.064
1.544
9.023
2.693
2.558
1.396
3.830
5.705
1.667
1.767
273
1.390
823
1.877
1916.
4.576
964
642
3.146
2.239
791
3.442
114
6.443
80
36.168
5.649
19.518
11.555
26.792
15.108
20.636
4.905
33.909
8.711
154
599
981
17.198
5
4.502
12.208
953
4,858
1.365
19.172
13.515
577
9.259
1.881
676
216
983
948
3.388
1917.
7,971
1,221
327
1,134
1,843
305
3,428
94
5.393
69
32,246
5,900
24.405
9682
25,919
17.342
17,462
3.796
35.154
8,925
194
479
434
16,438
10
3.109
10.194
3.711
1.211
19.596
13.350
244
15019
2.587
976
454
793
1.369
2.097
1918.
5,706
221
74
150
1.576
33
1.179
15
2.200
61
12.980
1.867
6.840
1.992
2.602
3.672
4.657
1.074
5.234
10.168
149
135
32
17.602
17
668
2.319
155
1.513
49
8.741
5,204
35
7.909
2,231
210
24
278
732
314
1919.
5,823
282
105
205
1,697
23
1.167
4
2.735
6&
26.889
968
12.598
1,837
813
3.055
7.910
1.236
2,137
10,056
77
160
52
28,844
6
732
1,574
89-
1,532
ioa
8.261
10.364
85
4.224
3,092
231
18
608
1.223
247
Total 878.587838.1721,197.8921.218.480326.700298.826295.403 110618 141132
*Includes Moravian, tlncludes Serbian and Montenegrin. ^Includes Slovenian SIncludea
Bosnian and Herzegoviman.
IMMIGRATION BY COUNTRY.
Country.
1917.
857
1918.
53
1919.
26
401
8
27
398
73
268
151
19
22
2.744
1,630
1,352
. 3 187
1 798
1 379
Germany
. 1.857
447
52
. 23.974
1.910
386
Italy t
34 596
5,250
1.884
Netherlands
. 2,235
. 4 659
944
2 578
1.098
1 995
9.975
/ 2,224
1,222
66
f 59
19
Russia§
. 12 716
4,242
1.403
. 10.232
4,295
4.295
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey (Europe)
United kingdom—
. 6.368
911
152
8.354
2,298
331
15
2.037
2.243
381
15
5,163
Ireland ..
5 406
331
474
1.868
260
1,283
Wales .. .
513
219
351
Other Europe ....
. 1.463
42
16
Total Europe...
.133.083
2.237
31.063
1.795
24,627
1.964
. 8,991
10.213
10,064
India
109
130
171
Turkey in Asia .
393
1 026
43
520
19
456
Total Asia
Africa
. 12.756
566
12,701
299
12.674
189
Australia** .,
1,014
925
1.234
Country. 1917
Pacific islands
(n.s.) 128
British North
America 105.399
Central America... 2.073
Mexico 17.869
South America 6.931
West Indies 15,507
Other countries 77
1918.
165
32,452
3.343
8.879
47
1919.
76
57.782
2.589
29.818
3.271
8,826
46
141,132
including- Serbia and Montenegro, flnclud-
ing- Sicily and Sardinia. ^Including- Cape Verde
and the Azores. ^Including- Finland. illn-
eluding' Canary and Balearic islands. **Incl"ud-
ing- Tasmania and New Zealand.
IMMIGRATION BY MONTHS.
Fiscal year 1919.
Grand total ....295,403 110.618
July 7,780
Aug-ust 7.862
September .... 9.997
October 11,771
November — 8.499
December 10.748
January 9,852
February 10,578
March 14.105
April 16.860
May 15.093
June 17,987
Total 141,132
EMIGRATION BY COUNTRY.
Aliens departed in fiscal years 1918 and 1919.
Country. 1918. 1919.
Austria 5 201
Hung-ary 1 100
Belg-ium 41 634
Bulg-aria 700 2,891
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
777
Country.
Denmark
1918. 1919.
304 599
1886.334,203 1898.229.299 1909. 751.786
1887.490.109 1899.311.715 1910.1.041.570
1888.546.889 1900.448.572 1911. 878.587
1889.444.427 1901.487.918 1912. 838.172
1890.455.302 1902.648.743 1913.1.197,892
1891.560.319 1903.857.046 1914.1.218.480
1892.623.084 1904.815.361 1915. 326.700
1893.502.917 1905.1026499 1916. 298.826
1894.285.631 1.906. 33 007-°5 1917. 295.403
1895.258.536 19071285349 1918. 110.618
1896.343.267 1908-782.870 1919. 141.132
1897.230.832
The total recorded immigration into the
United States since the organization of the
government is 33,200.103 persons.
France
3 176 3 792
Germany .
28 26
Greece . .
. . 2 986 15 482
Italy
8645 38245
Netherlands
139 596
1 730 1 952
Portugal
1 976 3 447
Roumania
.... 7 39
Russia
4 983 1 868
Spain
3 250 6 280
Sweden
1 169 1 738
Switzerland
H72 403
Turkey (in Europe) .
....... 24 47
United kingdom —
England
1 239 4 482
DESTINATION OF E
Alabama 241
Alaska 164
MMIGRANTS (1919).
New Hamp-
shire 1,668
Ireland
280 988
Scotland
141 569
Wales
24 54
Arizona 2,498
Arkansas .... 98
California .. . 16.575
Colorado 738
Connecticut . . 1,653
Delaware .... 86
District of
Columbia .. 816
Florida . ..... 2,578
Georgia 187
Hawaii 2,619
Idaho 430
Illinois 3,951
Indiana 560
New Jersey .. 2,860
New Mexico.. 782
New York ... 28,715
North Carolina 118
North Dakota. 746
Ohio 2 168
Other Europe
480 98
Total Europe
31 500 84 531
China
2.352 2.199
India
1,583 2,195
229 161
Oklahoma .... 216
Turkey (in Asia)
Other Asia
5 26
212 79
Oregon 1,329
Pennsylvania.. 3,844
Philippine
islands 3d
Porto Rico ... 228
Rhode Island. 1,637
South Carolina 112
South Dakota. 301
Tennessee — 156
Texas 21,629
Total Asia . .
4 381 4 660
Africa ....
100 74
Australia
418 362
Pacific islands
36 19
British North America
27 170 10 726
Iowa 743
Kansas 389
Kentucky 103
Louisiana 1,355
Maine 2.809
Central America
489 413
Mexico
25 515 18 000
South America
1 071 914
Utah 588
West Indies .. ..
3 891 3 806
Vermont 1,486
Virginia 1.221
Virgin islands. 20
Washington .. 6.399
West Virginia 235
Wisconsin — 817
Wyoming 153
Tnt.nl 14.1 132
Other countries
14 17
Maryland 618
Massachusetts. 11.408
Michigan 8,490
Minnesota .... 2,326
Mississippi ... 120
Missouri 690
Mentana 951
Nebraska 350
Nevada 137
Total emigration . .
.. 94 585 123 5ot>
Total immigration...
Note — See reference
gration by Country."
DEPORTATIO]
The following table
of aliens from the Ui
by fiscal years:
1898... 199 1906..
1899.. 263 1907..
1900.. 356 1908..
1901.. 363 1909..
1902.. 465 1910..
1903.. 547 1911..
1904.. 779 1912..
1905.. 845
IMMIGRATIO]
Years ende
1880.457,257 1 1882."
1881.669.431 1 1883.6
General Slocum.
Date-June 15. 1904.
Place— East River,
N. Y.
Persons aboard — 1.400.
Lives lost— 958.
Cause— Fire.
Titanic.
Date— April 15, 1912.
Place — Atlantic ocean.
Persons aboard— 2,223.
110.618 14l',132
marks in table "Immi-
S OF ALIENS,
shows the deportation
lited States after entry
676 1913. ...3.461
995 1914. ...4.737
2.069 1915. ...2.670
2,124 1916. ...2,906
2.695 1917. ...1.922
. 2.788 1918. ...1.619
. 2.450 1919. ...3.102
* SINCE 1880.
d June 30.
'88.90'J 1884.518.592
03,322 1885.395.346
GREAT STEAMS
Cause— Iceberg.
Empress of Ireland.
Date— May 29, 1914.
Place — St. Lawrence.
Persons aboard— 1.479.
Lives lost— 1.027.
Persons saved — 452.
Cause — Collision.
INWARD PASSENGER MOVEMENT (1919).
Immigrant Nonimm grant U.S. Aliei.s
a'iens aliens. citizens, debarred. Total.
Male 83,272 72,765 70,598 5,485 232.120
Female 57,860 23.124 25.822 3,141 109.947
Total 141,132 95,889 96,420 8.6g6 342,067
OUTWARD PASSENGER MOVEMENT (1919).
Emigrant .Sonemigrant D .
aliens. alirns. citizens. Total.
Male 101,167 70.926 187,924 360,017
Female 22,355 21,783 31,005 75,143
Total 123,522 92,'
HIP DISASTERS.
Lusitania.
Date— May 7. 1915.
Place — Atlantic ocean.
Persons aboard — 1,906
Lives lost— 1.198.
Persons saved— 708.
Cause — Torpedoed.
Eastland.
Date— July 24, 1915.
Place — Chicago river.
?09 218,929 435,160
Persons aboard — 2,000
Lives lost— 812.
Cause— Capsized.
Provence II.
Date— Feb. 26, 1916.
Place — Mediterranean,
Persons aboard — 4,000
Lives lost— 910.
Cause— Torpedoed.
Fergus Falls. Minn., was visited by a tor-
nado on Sunday evening1 June 22. 19l9, caus-
ing the death of sixty persons, the injury of
many more and a property loss estimated at
from $4.000,000 to $6.000.000. Nearly 400
homes and business houses were destroyed, the
storm doing the greatest damage in the cen-
tral part of the city. Union avenue, the prin-
cipal street, had every structure for a distance
TORNADO AT FERGUS FALLS, MINN.
of three blocks blown down together with.
scores of residences on adjacent streets.
Among the buildings shattered was the Grand
hotel in which a number of fatalities oc-
curred. The Oriental limited on the Great
Northern railroad was blown from the track at
a point twenty miles west of^Fergus Falls bjr
another tornado, but no lives were lost.
778
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
UNITED STATES PENSION STATISTICS.
PENSIONS
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898
23.101,509.36
28.513,247.27
29.351,488.78
28.518.792.62
29,752.746.81
26,982.063.89
30.206.778.99
29.270.404.76
27,936,209.53
28.182,821.72
26.786.009.44
32.664.428.92
56.689.229.08
50.583.405.35
54,313,172.05
60.427.573.81
57,912,387.47
65.171,937.12
64.091,142.90
73.752,997.08
78.950,501.67
88,842,720.58
155,474
169,643
187.963
198.686
207,495
232,229
238.411
236,241
234.821
223.998
242,755
250,802
268,830
285,697
303.658
322,756
345.125
452,557
489,725
537.944
676.160
876.068
966.012
AND PENSIONERS BY YEARS
SINCE 1866.
Paid as No. of pen-
pensions. "Total, eioners.
.$15,450.549.88 $15,857,714.88 126.722
20.784,789.69 21,275.767.04 "
23,654,529.70
29.077,774.08
29,952.486.64
29,381.871.62
30,703,999.81
27.985.264.53
31.173.573.12
30.253.100.11
28,951.288.34 232,137
29,217,281.05 232.104
27,818.509.53
34,502.163.06
57.624,256.36
51,655.464.99
55,779,408.06
63,019,222.10
60.747,568.47
68.564.513.46
67.336,159.51 365,783
77,506,397.99 406.007
82.465,558.94
92,309.688.98
.106.093.850.39 109.620.232.52
.117.312.690.50 122,013,326.94
.139,394.147.11 144,292,812.91
.156.906.637.94 161.774,372.36
.139.986.726.17 143,950.702.48
.139.812.294.30 144,150,314.51 970,524
.138.220,704.46 142.212.080.07 970,678
.139.949,717.35 143.937,500.42 976.014
.144.651.879.80 148.765.971.26 993,714
1899.. 138.355.052.95 142,502,570.68 991.519
1900. .138.462. 130.65 142,303.887.39 993.529
1901 . . 138.531.483.84 142,400.279.28
1902. .137.504.267.99 141,335.646.95
1903.. 137.759. 653.71 141.752,870.50
1904.. 141, 093. 571.49 144.942.937.74
1905.. 141. 142. 861.33 144.864,694.15
1906.. 139. 000, 288.25 142.523.557.76
1907. .138.155.412.46 141,464,522.90 967,371
1908. .153. 093. 086.27 155,894.049.63 951.687
1909. .161. 973. 703.77 164.826.287.50 946.194
1910. .159. 974. 056.08 162.631,729.94 921.083
1911. .157.325. 160.35 159.842,287.41 892,098
1912.. 152.986.433.72 155,435.291.03 860,294
1913. .174*71. 660.80 176,714.907.39 820.200
1914.. 172.417. 546.26 174.484,053.41 785.239
.165.518.266.14 167,298.126.44
.159.155.090.00 160,811.812.33
.160.895,054.00 162,457,908.90
1918.. 179. 835, 328.75 181,362.944.36
1919. .222.159,292.70 223,592.484.37
•Includes expenses.
Totals.
Paid in pensions $5,521,074,958.16
Expenses 135,898.717.66
Pensions and expenses 5,656.973,675.82
INTERESTING FACTS AND FIGURES.
The following' information regarding mat-
ters connected with the payment of pensions
is of general interest:
Total pensioners on roll June 30:
1918
1919
Invalids
Widows
Dependents
Minors
Helpless children
' Nurses
Civil war soldiers on roll June 30:
1918
1919
Civil war widows on roll June 30:
1918
1919 ..
1915.
1916.
1917.
.
997.735
999.446
996,545
994,762
998.441
985,971
748.147
709.572
673.111
646.895
624.427
Number of deaths (civil war sol-
diers) :
1918 . 30,466
1919 27.703
Widows, minor children and de-
pendents :
1918 18.412
I 1919 19.2il7
j The largest number of civil war
soldiers on the roll was in 1898 745,822
The largest number of civil war
widows on the roll was in 1912 304,373
War of 1812 widows surviving-
June 30, 1919 81
War with Mexico, June 30, 1919:
Survivors 215
Widows 2.739
War with Spain:
Total number of original claims ,
allowed by pension bureau 41.335
Number on rolls June 30. 1919. 28,251
Changes of postoffice addresses of
pensioners :
1918 128.937
1919 120,907
Employes at the beginning of the
fiscal year:
1918 1,091
1919 962
Volumes in military library:
1918 1.745
1919 2,175
Total pieces of mail handled in
1919:
Incoming 716.321
Outgoing- 3.369,933
Inclosures 799,883
Cases acted on under act of March
3, 1899 (division of pension
between husband and wife) .
1919 1.962
Cases acted on under act of Aug.
8. 1882 (to wife where hus-
band is insane or imprisoned) .
1919 83
Cases under guardianship, 1919... 7.263
Amount of fees paid to attorneys.
1919 116.942.40
Income, ref undments, etc. :
For addresses, certified copies,
etc. (act Aug-. 24. 1912) 2.153.70
Refundments to pension appro-
priations 6,890.05
Miscellaneous 3,041.16
646,895
624.427
313.140
303,311
4.689
2.241
917
129
298,808
271,391
288.815
293.244
Total 12.084.90
Reimbursements :
Amount allowed, expenses of last
sickness and burial, for 1918. $237,113.35
Amount allowed, expenses of last
sickness and burial, for 1919. 280.830.25
Medal-ol-honor roll (act April 27.
1916):
Total number entered on roll — 357
PENSIONERS ON THE ROLL JUNE 30. 1918.
AND JUNE 30, 1919.
Classes. 1919. 1918.
Regular establishment:
Invalids 14.655 15.233
Widows 2.922 2.953
Minor children 251 255
Mothers 1,217 1.228
Fathers 163 162
Brothers, sisters, sons and
daughters 8 7
Helpless children 4 5
Civil war:
Act Feb. 6, 1907—
Survivors 579 1.024
Act May 11, 1912—
Survivors 260427 266.443
General law —
Invalids 10.418 30,920
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
779
Classes 1919. 1918.
Nurses 129 163
States.
Utah
Number.
Amount.
$278,051.67
1,754.110.53
1.502,404.40
2.620,307.29
2.844.599.80
5.549,556.55
206.135.53
Widows 42.773 45,323
Vermont
4 9° 7
Minor children 86 100
Mothers 189 248
Virginia
. 4,220
Fathers 17 18
Brothers, sisters, sons and
daughters 683 636
Weat Virginia
Wisconsin
. 7.990
. 15.026
Helpless children 399 417
Act June 27, 1890— Invalids 267 421
Minor children 1,698 2083
Total
.620 554 °2
0.927.559.53
528.00
19.279.46
15,654.32
8,082.94
Insular
Guam
Possessions.
Helpless children 507 505
Act April 19. 1908—
Widows without children.247,940 240.661
Widows with children.. 2.531 2,831
War with Spain: Invalids. 23.382 23,538
Hawaii
57
Philippines
44
Porto Rico
23
Minor children 131 147
Mothers . 2100 2231
Foreign Countries
Algeria 1
43,544.72
247.13
2.846.24
25.616.61
Fathers 303 326
Brothers, sisters, sons and
daughters
Argentina
g
Australia
72
Helpless Children . 6 5
Austria-Hungary
26
War of 1812: Widows 81 99
War with Mexico: Survivors 215 289
Widows . 2 739 3 063
Azores
4
1.296.22
1.354.13
144.00
4,243.67
478.00
1.357.00
4,625.14
Bahamas
4
j_
Brothers, sisters, sons and
Belgium .
4
Bolivia
1
Indian wars: Survivors 3,436 2,421
Widows 2,027 1.817
Brazil
5
British West Ind'es
13
War of 1917: Invalids 61 24
Bulgaria
2
Widows 44 24
o nn&
714,406.24
343.76
600.00
4,046.27
2,564.42
1.056.00
301.16
3.202.02
8,894.50
12.096.49
530.00
300.00
300.00
115.984.28
16,110.10
Minor children 3 1
Cape de Verde islands 1
Mothers 6 7
Fathers 1
Chile
9
Total 624 427 646 895
China
g
PENSIONS BY STATES AND FOREIGN
COUNTRIES.
Fiscal Year 1919.
States. Number. Amount.
Alabama 2156 $76757912
Colombia
5
Comoro islands
1
Central America ....
9
Cuba
25
Denmark
34
Danish West Indies
East Africa
3
I
Alaska 49 17.444.97
Arizona 689 245.297.78
Egypt
1
Arkansas 6,321 2.250,402.42
England
3°6
California 21,997 7,831,371.93
France
45
Colorado 6.328 2.252,894.56
Germany
357
Connecticut 7.518 2,676,558.36
Greece
7
2.490.45
1.085.13
778.00
1,731.10
120.253.64
18.500.56
9.606.06
1.622.91
144.00
144.00
11.384.96
1.526.43
1.402.26
4.013.58
16.577.44
1.231.40
2.332.27
Delaware 1,505 535.810.15
Haiti
3
District of Columbia. 6,822 2.428.768.49
Florida 3.853 1,371,745.06
Hongkong
4
India
5
Georgia 2.192 780.395.81
Ireland
338
Idaho 1,469 522.903.39
Italy
KO
Illinois 43,976 15.956,335.52
27
Indiana .. 37.647 13,703,084.94
Liberia
5
Iowa 21.172 6.537.655.47
Malta
I
Kansas 24,918 8,971,306.36
I
Kentucky .16,391 5.835.523.85
Mexico
32
Louisiana 3,588 1,277,399.76
Maine 10.857 3,865,309.14
Netherlands
5
5
Maryland 9.032 3,215.572.64
1 ^
Massachusetts 26.038 9,277.976.52
Michigan 26.216 9,333,420.31
Norway
48
Panama
4
Minnesota 9,986 3,555,215.72
Mississippi 2.562 912,123.23
Missouri 30.660 10,915.573.20
Peru
Poland
8
1
2
'.'.'.'.'.'. 1
10
576.00
Montana 1 713 609,862.26
Roumania
Russia
Nebraska 10,982 3,909,811.64
New Hampshire 5.030 1,790.780.69
New Jersey 15.780 5.707.995.60
New Mexico 1,443 513.736.89
New York 53.736 19.631.090.72
Samoa »
Scotland
1
55
96.00
18.567.90
Serbia
Seychelles island
1
1
5
216.00
1.565.62
1,353.33
542.20
18,212.12
16.066.18
838.00
214.20
898.00
476.80
10,745.27
North Carolina 2.825 1,005.756.57
North Dakota 1.995 710,256.90
Ohio 60.902 21,582,330.04
Oklahoma 8 396 2 989 143 13
Spain .
4
St. Helena
Sweden
1
54
Oregon 6.029 2,146.444.58
Pennsylvania 59.072 20.630.813.44
Rhode Island 3.333 1,186.614.67
Switzerland
Tasmania
Tonga islands
Turkey in Asia
Venezuela
Wales
45
2
1
3
1
27
South Carolina. 1 ?75 453 925.50
South Dakota 3,986 1.419.095.79
Tennessee 13.042 4.643.21284
Texas 5.905 2.102,298.10
Total
.... 3,747 1
.188.188.46
780
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
JForcfgn ©obtrnnunts.
GREAT BRITAIN.
'Government— Kins, George V.: heir-apparent,
Edward Albert, prince of Wales.
Prime Minister — David Lloyd George.
Minister Without Portfolio— George N. Barnes.
Lord High ChancQllor — Lord Birkenhead.
Minister Without Portfolio— Sir Eric Geddes.
Lord Privy Seal— A. Bonar Law.
Lord President of the Council— Arthur J. Bal-
four.
Chancellor of the Exchequer— Austen Cham-
berlain.
Foreign Affairs Secretary— Earl Curzon.
Home Affairs Secretary— Edward Shortt.
Colonial Secretary — Viscount Milner.
Secretary for India— Edwin S. Montagu.
Secretary for War — Winston S. Churchill.
First Lord of the Admiralty— Walter Long.
President of the Board of Trade— Sir Albert
President" of the Local Government Board—
Postmaster-General—Albert Illingworth.
Chief Secretary for Ireland— J. I. Macpherson.
Secretary for Scotland— R. Munro.
President Board of Agriculture— -Lord Lee.
First Commissioner of Works— Sir Alfred M.
Mond.
Attorney-General—Sir Gordon Hewart.
Minister of Pensions— Sir L. W. Evans.
Minister of Supplies— Lord Inverforth.
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster— Earl
of Crawford.
Solicitor-General—Sir Ernest Pollock.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland— Field Marshal
Viscount French.
Lord Advocate — James A. Clyde.
Minister of Labor— Sir R. S. Horne.
President Board of Education— Herbert A. L.
Fisher.
Minister of Shipping— Sir Joseph Maclay.
Minister of Food Control— G. H. Roberts.
The British parliament, in which the high-
est legislative authority is vested, consists of
the house of lords and the house of commons.
Area and Population— The total area of Eng-
land. Scotland. Ireland. Wales, the Isle of
Man and the Channel islands is 121.391
square mil°s: the total for the British em-
pire is 11.498.825 square miles. The total
population of the empire in 1911 was 421,-
178.965. The population of the united
kingdom April 3, 1911, when the last census
was taken, was: England. 34.045,290:
Waies. 2.0-25.202: Scotland. 4.759.445: Ire-
land. 4.390,219: Isle of Man, 52.034: Chan-
nel islands. 96.900. Total, 45.369,090.
The cities of England and Wales having
more than 100.000 population each were in
1911:
London 4,522,961 Croydon .... 169,559
Liverpool .. 746.566 Sunderland 151,162
Manchester. 714,427 , Oldham .... 147,495
Birmingham. 525,960 ! Blackburn . 133,064
Sheffield .... 454.65'} ! Brighton ... 131,250
Leeds 445.568 ! Birkenhead . 130,832
Bristol
West Ham .
Bradford ...
Kingston-
upon-Hull
Newcastle .
Nottingham.
Stoke-on-
Trent
Salford ....
Portsmouth.
Leicester . .
Cardiff
Bolton
357,059 I Derby 123.433
289,102 i Norwich .... 121.493
288,505 Southampton 119.039
Preston 117.113
G.-Ueshead
9-?S 0°4
266.671
259.942
231,380
231.165
227 242
Swansea
Plymouth
114.673
112,042
Stoc-kport .. 108.693
South Shields 108.649
Huddersfleld. 107,825
Coventry .... 106,377
ey .. 106 337
182'.280 i Middlesbro'gh 104.787
180,885 ! Halifax 101.556
The figures given in the above table for
London are for the inner or registration dis-
trict alone. Including the outer belt of sub-
urban towns, which are within the metro-
politan police district, the population of
"Greater London" April 3, 1911. was
Population of the chief cities in. Scotland
in 1911:
Glasgow 784.455
Edinburgh ....320,315
Dundee 165, 006
Aberdeen 133.084
Govan 89,725
Paisley 84.477
Leith
80,489
Greenock 68.911
Partick 66,848
Coatbridge ... 43.287
Perth 36.995
Kilmarnock .. 34.729
The total population of Ireland in 1911 was
4,390.219, against a total of 4,458,775 in
Population of the chief cities of Ireland in
Belfast 385,492
Dublin 309,272
Cork 76,632
40,799
Newry 12.456
Drogheda
Lisburn
Lurgan
12,425
12.172
12.135
11,727
1J.455
11.376
11.163
10,277
Londonderry
Limeric-K 38.403 Portadown
Waterford — 27.430 Wexford
Kingstown 17,227 Ballymena
Galway 15.936 Sligo
Dundalk 13.128 Clonmel
Kilkenny 13.112
Exports and Imports— The total imports of
the British empire in 1918 were 89,830 325.-
000: of the united kingdom, $6.596. 695.000
Total exports of the empire, $7.046.825.000:
of the united kingdom. $2.647,145,000. The
total exports of the united kingdom to the
United States in 1919 were §157,107.578:
imports. $2,147,412.241.
INDIA.
Government— Governor-general, Baron Frederic
Chelmsfprd. Legislative authority vested in
a council of sixty-eight members, thirty-six
being official and thirty-two nonofficial.
Area and Population— The total area of British
India is 1,773.088 square miles. The total
population according to the census of March
10. 1911, is 315.132,527, divided among
the provinces as follows:
Ajmer-Mar-
wara
501,395
Assam 34.018.527
Bengal 52,668.269
Bombay pres-
idency ....19.672.642
Burma 12,115,217
Coorg
174,976
Madras 41,405,404
Northwest
provinces. 2.196,933
I Unit'd prov-
inces 47.182,044
Punjab ....19.974.956
inces 13,916,308
Baluchistan.
Andamans. .
414.412
26,459
Population of the large cities in 1911:
Calcutta ...
Bombay ....
Madras
Haidarabad.
Rangoon ...
Lucknow
1.22°. 313
979.445
518.660
500.623
293.316
259.788
Delhi 232,887
Lahore
228.687
Ahmedabad.. 215,835
Benares
Agra
Cawnpore .
Allahabad.
Poona
203.804
185,449
178.557
171,697
158,856
Imports' and Exports— Imports in 1918. $547,-
850.000; exports. $816.315.000. Imports
from the United States, 1919. $50,501.740;
exports. $125,471,468.
DOMINION OF CANADA.
Government— The Canadian parliament consists
of eighty-seven life senators and a house of
commons of 221 members, there being one
representative for every 25,367 of popula-
tion based upon the census of 1901. The
governor-general is the duke of Devonshire,
appointed in 1916; and the council is made
up of the following: Premier, Robert E.
Borden; president privy council, Newton W.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
78L
Rowell; minister of agriculture, Dr. Simon
F. Tolmie; minister of overseas service. Sir
Edward Kemp; customs, A. L. Sifton;
finance. Sir Henry Dray ton; interior. Arthur
Meig-hen; justice, C. J. Doherty; labor,
Gideon Robertson; marine, fisheries and na-
val service, C. C. Ballantyne; militia, Maj.-
Gen. Mewburn; postmaster-general, Pierre
Blondin; public works, Frank B. Carvell;
railways and canals, J. D. Reid; secretary
of state for mines, Martin Burrell; trade
and commerce, George E. Foster; immigra-
tion, James A. Calder; soldiers' civil re-estab-
lishment, James A. Lougheed; ministers
without portfolio, Francis Cochrane, A. K.
McLean. The governor-general gets a sal-
ary of 550,000 a year, the premier $12,000
and the other ministers 57.000 each.
Area and Population— The total area of Can-
ada is 3,729.665 square miles, of which 3,-
603,910 is land area.
Area of provinces:
Province. Sq. miles.
Alberta 255,285.00
British Columbia 355,855.00
Nova Scotia 21,437.77
Manitoba* 73,731.72
Ontariot 260,862.00
Prince Edward island 2,184.36
Quebec* 351,87-3.00
New Brunswick 27.985.11
Saskatchewan 251,700.00
Yukon 207,076.00
Northwest territories! 1,921,685.00
Total 3,729,664.96
*Area increased in 1912 to 251,832 square miles,
tlncreased in 1912 to 407.262 square miles, tin-
creased in 1912 to 706.834 square miles. §De-
creased in 1912 to 1,242,224 square miles.
The census taken June 1, 1911, showed the
following population by provinces. Pet.
Province. 1911. 1901. incr.
Alberta . . 374,663 73,022 413.08
British Columbia.. 392,480 178,657 119.68
Manitoba 455,614 255,211 78.52
New Brunswick ... 351.889 331,120 6.27
Nova Scotia 492,338 459,574 7.13
Ontario 2,523,274 2,182,947 15.58
Prince Edward Isl. 93.728 103.259 *9.23
Quebec . ...2,003,232 1,648.898 21.46
Saskatchewan 492,432 • 91,279 439.48
Yukon 8.512 27.219 *68.73
No'west territories 18,481 20.129 *8.19
Total 7,206,643 5,371,315 34.13
'Decrease.
Population of principal cities in 1911:
Montreal, Que.470,480
Toronto, Ont.. 376,538
Winnipeg, Man.136.035
Vanco'ver, B.C.100.401
Ottawa. Ont... 87.062
Hamilton, Ont. 81.969
Quebec, Que.. 78,190
Halifax, N. S.. 46.619
St. John, N. B. 42,511
Victoria. B. C. 31,660
Regina, Alb... 30.213
Edmonton, Alb. 24.900
Kingston. Out. 18,874
r'eterborough,
Ont 18,360
Hull, Que 18,222
Sydney. N. S.. 17,722
Imports and Exports — The total value of the
exports for the year ended March 31. 1918.
was 51,586.169,792; imports, 1918, 5962,-
543,746. Imports from the United States
(1919), 5813,723,031; exports to the United
States, 5468,954,818.
COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.
July 9, 1900. the British parliament passed
an act empowering the six provinces of Aus-
tralia to form a federal union and Jan. 1,
1901, the new commonwealth was proclaimed
at Sydney, N. S. W. Its first parliament was
opened May 9. 1901, by the prince of Wales
(now George V.) heir-apparent to the British
throne, acting for his father. King Edward
VII. The capital at present is in Melbourne. ,
Government— The federal parliament is made
up of a senate of thirty-six members, six
from each original state, and a house of rep-
resentatives of seventy-five members, appor-
tioned as follows: New South Wales, 27;
Victoria, 21; Queensland, 10; South Austra-
lia, 7; Western Australia, 5; Tasmania, 5.
The king is represented by the governor-
greneral. He and the council of seven minis-
ters exercise the executive power. The gov-
ernor-general is paid a salary of 550.000 a
year. The governor-general is Ronald C.
Munro-Ferguson. The ministers are W. M.
Hughes, prime minister; L. E. Groom, public
works and railways; M. Greene, trade and
customs; G. F. Pearce, defense; W. Webster,
postmaster-general; P. McM. Glynn, home
affairs; J. Cook, minister of the navy; W. A.
Watt, treasurer; E. D. Millen, minister for
repatriation.
Area and Population— The commonwealth has
a total area of 2,974.581 square miles, di-
vided among the states as follows:
New South
Wales 310,372
Victoria 87,884
Queensland ...670,500
So. Australia. 380.070
No. Territory. 523,620
W. Australia.. 975, 920
Tasmania 26,215
The total population of the commonwealth
as enumerated April 2, 1911, was 4,455,005.
divided among- the states as follows:
New South
Wales 1.648,448
Victoria 1.315,551
Queensland . 605.813
So. Australia 408,558
No. Territory 3,310
W. Australia 282.114
Tasmania
191,211
London, Ont.. 46.300
Calgary, Alb... 43,704
Manufactures— [From census taken in 1916 for
year 1915.]
1910. 1915.
Establishments 19,218 21,291
Capital $1,247,583,609 $1,984,991,427
E m p 1 o yes on
44,077 52.548
543,779,715 560,143,704
salaries
Salaries
E m p 1 o yes on
wages
Wages
Raw materials..
471.126
5197,228.701
5601.500.018
459.311
5227.508.800
57P1. 524.420
Value products. 51, 165,975,639 51,392,516,953
Total 4.455.005
The population of Melbourne in 1911 was
600.160; Sydney (1911), 636.353; Adelaide
(1911), 192,429; Wellington (1911), 70,729;
Brisbane (1911), 143,514.
Exports and Imports — The total exports of the
states in the commonwealth in 1918 were
5375,195,910; total imports, 5301.815,720.
Australia in 1919 exported merchandise
valued at 574,643,999. to the United States
and imported merchandise worth 5109,034,-
686.
UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Sept. 29, 1909. the British parliament
passed an act empowering the four self-govern-
ing colonies of South Africa — Cape of Good
Hope, Nutal, Transvaal and Orange Free State
—to form a federal government to be known
as the Union of South Africa. This was pro-
claimed May 31. 1910, at Pretoria, the seat
of government, other services taking place at
Cape Town, the seat of the legislature.
The executive government is vested in the
king, represented by a governor-general, and
an executive council and in ten ministers of
state. Legislative power is vested in a parlia-
ment consisting of a senpte and a house of
assembly. The senate contains forty mem-
b°rs, eight of whom are nominated by the
governor-general in council and 'thirty-two
elected by the four provinces, each of which
782
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
is entitled to eight senators. The assembly
consists of 121 members, chosen in electoral
division as follows: Cape of Good Hope,
61: Natal, 17: Tranrraal, 36: Orange Free
State. 17. Senators are elected for ten years
and assemblymen for five. The English and
Dutch languages are both official.
Imports and Exports— The total imports of the
four states in 1918 were valued at $247,-
435,840 and the exports at 8164,746,185.
Exports to the United States in 1919. $36,-
388,174; imports. $44.841,871.
Governor-General— Viscount Buxton of New-
timber. Cabinet: Minister of finance. T.
Orr; defense. J. C. Smuts: railways. Henry
Burton; justice, N. J. de Wet; education and
mines, F. S. Malan: interior and public
works, Sir T. Watt: agriculture, H. C. Van
Heerden: lands, H. Mentz: posts and tele-
graphs. Sir Meiring Beck; without portfolio.
Area in square miles and population in 1911
Province. Area. Population
Cape of Good Hope 276.995 2.564.{)6o
Natal 35.290 1.194,043
Transvaal 110,426 1,686,212
Orange Free State 50,389 528,174
Total 473,100 5.973.394
NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR.
Government — British colony administered by
governor, an executive council, a legislative
council and an elected h9use of assembly
Governor and commander in chief. Sir C. A
Harris: prime minister. Sir W. F. Lloyd
Salary of governor, $12.500.
Area and Population— Area of Newfoundland
42.734 square miles; population, Dec. 31,
1917. 252.464; area of Labrador, 120,000
square miles; population, 4.000.
Imports and Exports — Imports. 1918, $27.-
640.000; exports, $30,990,000; imports
from United States in 1919, $14,545,065;
exports to. $6,032,781.
ALBANIA.
Albania before the great war was an autono-
mous kingdom created at a conference of am-
bassadors in London May 30. 1913. as a result
of the Balkan wars. Its territory formerly
comprised the Turkish provinces of Scutari
and Yanina. It has an area of 11,317 square
miles and a population of nearly 1.000.000.
Until the outbreak of the European war in
August, 1914, it was governed by a king
(mpret) and an international commission.
William I., prince of Wied. was the first king,
but he was on the throne only half a year.
an insurrection compelling him to leave the
capital. Durazzo. Sept. 2, 1914. Since then
the country has been in a state of disorder. A
provisional government has been administered
by Italian military forces in Durazzo since
June 3. 1917.
REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA.
Government — The various states composinff
the former Austro-Hungarian empire at the
conclusion of the \var broke away from the
union and declared themselves independent
of the mother country, each becoming a re-
public in form. Austria herself was pro-
claimed a republic Nov. 12. 1918, and the
government was administered by a national
assembly. On Feb. 16. 1919. a national
constitutional assembly was elected with the
following party representation: Social dem-
ocrats, 70: Christian socialists. 64: liberals,
23; other parties. 5. The assembly on Oct.
22. 1919, formally adopted the name "Re-
public of Austria" for the state, omitting the
word German from the title. The assembly
HP to Nov. 15, 1919, had not chosen any
one to act as president, the administration
being conducted by Dr. Karl Renner and a
cabinet chosen by him. Dr Renner an-
nounced in October that the republic would
be constituted by the federation of eight
Austrian states, each preserving to a large
degree its autonomy.
Area and Population— The area and popula-
tion of the Republic of Austria cannot yet
(November, 1919) be given with any degree
of certainty. The area may be roughly es-
timated at 30.000 square miles and the
population at 10.300.000. The population
of Vienna in 1914 was 2.149 800
Imports and Exports— No figures on the im-
ports and exports of the Republic of Austria
were available in the fall of 1919 The
United States in the fiscal year 1919 ex-
ported to the territory comprised in the old
empire goods to the vaue of $19.441.603 and
imported merchandise valued at $308,682.
BELGIUM.
Government— King, Albert I. Cabinet:
remier and Minister of Finance — M. Dela-
Foreign Affairs— Paul Hymans
Interior— Baron de Broqueville'
War— M. Masson
Justice— E. Vandervelde.
Agriculture— Baron Ruzette.
Industry and Labor— M. Wauters
Colonies— M. Franck.
Reiikfn' Marine' Posts and Telegraphs— J.
Economic Affairs— M Jaspar
Public Works— M. Anseele '
The legislative power is vested in the king.
senate and chamber of representatives. The
senate has 120 members and the chamber
186. or one for every 40,000 inhabitants.
Area and Population— Total area. 11,373
square miles. Total population* 19J.O 7 •
423.784; estimated population. 1912;, 7.571.'-
387. Population of th
31. 1912:
Antwerp 312,884 I Liege
Brussels (cap'tl) 663.647 | Ghent „,,„,+„..», ,
Imports and ExportSc=N:o. figures on the total
imports and exports, of Belgium since 1913
are available. The trade with the United
States in 19191 was: Imports, $322,940837-
exports, $647,869. Chief imports in nor-
mal times are cereals, textiles and metal
goods; chief exports, cereals, raw textiles
tissues, iron, glass, hides, chemicals and
BULGARIA,
Government— King. Boris III. The executive
power is vested in a council of ministers
and the legislative power in a sobranje or
national assembly.
Area and Population— Area. 43.310 square
miles. Population in 1914. 4.752.997. Pop-
ulation of Sofia, the capital. 102.769
Imports and Exports— Exports in 1914. $28.-
812.300; imports. $44.586,800. Exports to
the United States in 1919. $78,071; imports.
$1.281.000. The exports are mainly cereals
and the imports textiles.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA.
Government— President, Thomas G. Masaryk.
"remier— Vlastimil Tusar.
Czecho-Slovakia announced her independence
Oct. 18. 1918. and on Nov. 15 the same year
he Czecho-Slovak national assembly declared
:he state to be a republic, with Prof. T. G.
Masaryk as its first president. The chief ex-
jcutive formally assumed his duties on Dec.
31, 1918, in Prague, the capital of the new
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
783
state. The principal countries in the republic
are Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovakia.
Area and Population — The total area of Czecho-
slovakia is approximately 60.000 square
miles and the population 13,000,000.
Imports and Exports— No figures on the ex-
ports and imports of Cze^ho-Slovakia were
available in November, 1919.
DENMARK.
Government— King-, Christian X.; heir-apparent,
Prince Christian Frederick. Cabinet:
Premier and Minister of Justice— Carl Theodor
Zahle.
Finance — Edvard Brandes.
Foreig-n Affairs— Erik Seavenius.
Home Affairs— Ove Rode.
Agriculture— Kr. Pederson.
Instruction — Soren Keiser-Nielsen.
Commerce— Christopher Hagre.
Public Works— Jens H. Jorgensen.
Ecclesiastical Affairs — T. Poulson.
Defense — P. Munch.
Without Portfolio— J. A. M. Stauning-.
1 Legislative authority is vested in the lands
thing- and folkething-. The former, which is
the upper house, has sixty-six members, twelve
of whom are appointed lor life, the remainder
being- elected for terms of eigiit years. The
iolkething-, or the lower house, has 114 mem
bers. each elected for three years.
Area and Population— Denmark's area is 15,
582 square miles and total population in
1916, 2,940,979. Copenhagen, the capital
has a population of 506,390; with suburbs
605,772.
Imports and Exports— Total exports in 1916,
$363,580,000; imports, 3377,055,000. The
imports from the United States in 1919
were 893,167,530; exports, $2,294,048
Leading* articles of export are butter, pork
eg-gs and lard; of import, textiles, cereals
wood, iron manufactures and coal.
Marseilles .
Lyons
Bordeaux . .
Lille ..
. 550,619
. 523,796
. 261,678
. 217,807
ESTHONIA.
Eethonia is one of the provinces of the
former Russian empire in the Baltic region
It is an independent republic and is ruled by
a constitutional assembly, but owing- to war
•with the Russian bolsheviki and troubles with
other adjoining- states it had not up to No-
vember, 1919, attained any degree of stability.
Esthonia has an area of 7,289 square miles
and a population of about 1,750,000.
FINLAND.
Finland was proclaimed an independent state
July 20. 1917, and a republic on Oct. 7 of
the same year. Organization was delayed on
account of war between the red guards of the
Russian bolsheviki and the white gnards un-
der Gen. Mannerheim, but the independence of
the country was preserved and on July 25,
1919, Prof. Kaarie Juho Stahlberg- was elected
the first president of the republic by the diet.
Universal suffrage (men and women) prevails.
Members of parliament are chosen by direct
vote.
The area of Finland is 125,689 square miles
and the population in 1915 was 3,300,650.
In the fiscal year 1919 Finland exported $309,-
053 worth of merchandise to the United States
and imported goods to the value of $9,509,-
167.
FRANCE.
Government — President, Raymond Poincare:
term expires 1920.
Premier and Minister of War — Georges Clem-
enoeau.
Foreig-n Affairs— Stephen Pichon.
Justice— Louis Nail.
Public Instruction — Louis Lafferre.
Colonies — Henry Simon.
Finance — Louis Lucien Klotz.
Marine — Georges Leyg-ues.
Munitions— Louis Loucheur.
Interior — Jules Pams.
Commerce — Etienne Clementel.
Labor— G. R. Colliard.
Blockade— M. Lebrun.
Agriculture and Provisions— Victor Boret.
Public Works— Albert Claveille.
Reconstruction— M. Loucheur.
Liberated Territories — M. Lebrun.
Legislative authority is vested in the cham-
ber of deputies and the senate. The former
has 602 members, each of whom is elected
for four years. The senate has 300 mem-
bers, elected for nine years. The presidential
term is seven years.
Area and Population— France has a total area
of 207,054 square miles. The area of the
French colonies and dependencies throughout
the world is 4,367,746 square miles. Total
population (1911) of France proper, 39,-
601,509. Population of principal cities in
1911:
Nantes
Toulouse
170,535
149,576
St. Etienne.. 148,656
Nice 142.94(1
Havre 136,159
Imports and Exports — The imports for home
consumption in 1918 amounted to $3,983.-
000,000; exports,* $828,800,000. Exports to
the United States* in 1919, $62,693,315; im-
ports from, $976,696,797. The chief ex-
ports are textiles, wine, raw silk, wool, small
wares and leather; imports, wine, raw wool,
raw silk, timber and wood, leather, skins
and linen.
GERMANY.
Government— In November. 1918, a revolution
occurred in Germany as the result of the
defeat of her armies by the allies. Emperor
William II. was forced to abdicate and his
cabinet was dispersed. In January, 1919, a
national assembly was elected and on Feb.
6 this body met at Weimar. On Feb. 11,
1919, it elected Friedrich Ebert as the first
president of the German republic. A con-
stitution was formulated and adopted July
31. The chief officials of the republic in
1919 were:
President— Friedrich Ebert: term 7 years.
Chancellor— Gustav Bauer.
Vice-President of Cabinet and Minister of Fi-
nance— Bernard Dernburg-.
Foreign Affairs— Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau.
Home Affairs— Dr. Hug-o Preuss.
Food Supplies— Robert Schmidt.
Colonies— Dr. Bell.
Justice — Htrr Landsberg-.
Defense— Gustav Noske.
3osts — Herr Giesberts.
Ministers Without Portfolio— Matthias Erz-
berg-er, Georg- Gothein, Herr David.
Area and Population— The area of the states
in the old empire was 208.780 square miles;
area of dependencies about 1,027,820 square
miles; grand total, 1,236,600 square miles.
Omitting- Alsace-Lorraine the area of the
German republic is 203.176 square miles.
This will be still further reduced by the re-
sult of various plebiscites. The population
of the empire in 1910 was 64,925,933 in-
cluding- Alsace-Lorraine, which then had 1.-
874,014 inhabitants. The states' population
in 1910 was:
784
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Prussia ...40.165,219
Bavaria ... 6.887.291
Wurttem
berg .... 2,437,574
Baden 2.142.833
Saxony ... 4,806.661
Hesse 1,282,219
Mecklenburg--
Schwerin. 639,958
Oldenburg-.. 483.042
Brunswick.. 494,339
Saxony 417,149
Mecklenburgr-
Strelitz .. 106.442
Hamburg .. 1,014.664
Reuss, elder
branch ... 72,769
Lubeck .... 116.599
Bremen 295,715
Saxe - Mein-
ingen .... 278,762
German cities having
habitants in 1910 inch
Berlin 2,071.257
Anhalt .... 331,128
Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha ... 257,177
Saxe-Alten-
burg 216,128
Lippe 150 937
figs; imports, foodstuffs, textiles, coal and
timber.
HUNGARY.
Hung-ary was proclaimed an independent re-
public Nov. 16, 1918. with Count Michael
Karolyi as provisional president and a pro-
visional assembly as the source of legislative
power. This administration continued until
March 22. 1919 when the Karolyi cabinet
resig-ned and was succeeded by a bolshevist
cabinet under Bela Kun. There was much
rioting and bloodshed in Budapest and no ma-
terial progress toward stability was made.
Early in August Bela Kun was forced to flee
from the country and then the Roumanians
who had been fighting the Hungarian bol-
sheviki came in and took possession of Buda-
pest. Though ordered by the peace council
in Paris to leave Hungary, the Roumanians
remained. A cabinet under Jules Peidll was
in power a short time, when it was over-
thrown by Archduke Joseph, who established
a new ministry. This lasted only about two
weeks. In November, 1919. a government
headed by Karl Huszar was in control of
Hungarian affairs.
Hungary has an area of about 109,000
sauare miles and in 1910 had a population
of 18.142.200. not including Croatia and
Slavonia. which had joined the Jugo Slav
republic. Having been in a state of anarchy
for more than a year, the country in 1919
was not in a condition to do exporting- or
importing on any except a mirror scale.
ICELAND.
Since Dec. 1, 1918. Iceland has been recog-
nized as an independent state united to Den-
mark chiefly through having the same king,
Christian X. Legislative power is vested
jointly in the king and the althing. or parlia-
ment, the members of which are elected by
universal suffrage, all men and women born in
Iceland and more than 25 years of age having
the franchise. The president of the council
in 1919 was Jon Magnusson. The area of
Iceland is 39.700 square miles and the popu-
lation in 1910 was 85,183.
The imports of Iceland in 1916 amounted
in value to $7.230,200 and the exports to
$10,912,210. The imports from the United
States in 1919 amounted to $3,884.950 and
the exports to $905,774.
Schwarz-
burg-Rud. 100,702
Schwarz-
burg-Sond 89,917
Reuss, jun-
ior br'nch 152,752
Scha'mburg-
Lippe 46,652
Waldeck ... 61,707
Alsace-Lor-
raine 1,874,014
Total 64,025.293
more than 150,000 in-
ide the following:
Koenigsberg.. 245,994
Rixdorf 237,289
Stettin 236,113
Hamburg- ... 931,035
Munich .... 596,467
Leipzig- 589.850
Dresden .... 548.308
Cologne 516,527
Breslau .... 512,105
Frankfurt am
Main 414576
Duisburg ... 229,483
Dortmund ... 214,226
Kiel 211,627
Mannheim... 193,902
Halle-on-
Saale 180,843
Strassburg- .. 178,891
Schoeneberg. 172,823
Altona 172 628
Duesseldorf.. 358.728
Numbers ... 333,142
Chariot ten-
burg- 305 978
Danzig 170,337
Elberfeld .... 170,195
Gelsenkirchen 169.513
Sarmen 169,214
3osen .. 156,691
Hanover .... 302.375
Essen 294 653
Chemnitz 287,807
Stuttgart 286,218
Magdeburg- .. 279,6
Bremen 247.437
Exports and Imports— T
months of 1914), $1,
ports, $1,346,570,000
many's commerce sine
been made public. 1
ended June 30, 191
$944.981 worth of me
States; imports fror
amounted to $8,843,*
Aachen ... 156,143
Cassel 153,196
"otal exports (first six
246,240,000; total im-
No details of Ger-
e the war began have
During the fiscal year
9. Germany exported
rchandise to the United
n the United States
82.
GREECE.
Government — King, Alexander. Cabinet :
President of the Council and Minister of War —
Eleutherios Venizelos.
Foreign Affairs— M. Politis.
Marine — Admiral Koundouritis.
Interior — M. Raktivan.
Communications — M. Papanastasion.
Finance— M. NegrepontcS.
Justice — M. Tsirimokos.
Agriculture — M. G. Kafandaris.
Education— M. Dingas.
Refugees— S. Simos.
National Economy — K. Spyridis.
Food — P. Bourloumis.
Legislative authority is vested in one cham-
ber, the boule, com :sting of 235 members,
each of whom is elected for four years.
Area and Populations-Total area, 41,933
square miles. Population in 1914, 4,821,-
300. Athens in 1907 had 167,479 inhabi-
tants; Piraeus, 73,579; Patras, 37.724; Sa-
loniki (1913), 160,000.
Exports and Imports — The total exports in
1916 amounted in value to $20,433,200; im-
ports, $45,705,000. Exports to the United
States in 1919, $22.876,904; imports from
the United States, $22,908,250. The lead-
ing' exports are currants, ores, olive oil and
ITALY.
Government — King, Victor Emmanuel III.; heir
to the crown, his son Humbert, prince of
Piedmont, born Sept. 16. 1904.
President of Council and Minister of Interior —
Francesco Nitti.
Foreign Affairs^— Tommaso Tittoni.
Grace and Justice — Sig. Mortara.
Treasury — Sig. Schanzer.
Finance — Francesco Tcd?sco.
War— uieut.-Gen. Albrioci.
Public Instruction — Alfredo Paccelli.
Public Works— Sig. Pantano.
Agriculture — Sig. Visocchi.
Posts and Telegraphs— Sig. Chienti.
Colonies — Luigi Rossi.
Military Aid and Pensions— Sig. Dacomo.
Marine — Rear-Admiral Sechi.
Industry and Commerce — Carlo Ferraris.
Liberated Provinces — Sig. Denava.
Legislative authority vests in the king and
parliament. The latter consists of a senate of
383 members (in 1917) and a chamber of
deputies of 508 members.
Area and Population— The area of Italy ie
110,632 square miles. According to the
census of Jan. 1. 1915, the total population
ALMANAC AND YEARBOOK FOR 1920.
785
was 36.120.118. Population of the principal
cities :
Naples .
...697.917
Milan . .
663 Oo9
Rome
...590.960
Turin
451 994
Palermo
....345.891
Genoa .
...300.139
Florence
.242,147
Catania 217.389
Bologna 189.770
Venice 168.038
Messina ....... 150,000
Livorno 108.585
Exports and Imports— The value of merchan-
dise exported in 1918 was $496.726.100:
imported. $2.820.328.785. The total value
of exports to the United States in 1919 was
$21.573.527; imports from the United States,
$496.174.736. Chief imports are coal, cotton,
grain, silk. wool, timber, machinery, sugar
and oil: chief exports, silk, wine, oil, coral,
sulphur, hemp and flax.
LITHUANIA.
Lithuania, one of the former provinces of
the old Russian empire, was proclaimed a re-
public Nov. 30. 1918, with Karl Ullman as
the first president. Vilna is the capital of the
state, which has an area of 80.000 square miles
and a population of about 9.000,000 made up
of Lithuanians. Letts. Poles. Jews, Germans.
White Russians and others. The military op-
erations in 1919 prevented the country from
reaching- a condition of stability. Figures as
to exports and import are not available.
LIVONIA.
Livonia, one of the Baltic border states,
has an area of about 10.930 square miles and
a population of 1.744,000. Since the fall of
the Russian empire it has aimed to be an in-
dependent republic.
MONTENEGRO.
King-. Nicholas I. Area, 5.603 square miles-
population. 516.000: of the capital. Cetinje,
4,500. Total exports in 1910, $498,200: im-
ports. $1,701.300. Montenegro has practically
no trade with the United States. Chief ex-
ports are sumac, smoked sardines, cattle, sheep,
goats, cheese, olive oil, wine and tobacco. Im-
ports include petroleum, salt, maize, cottons,
hardware, sugar, coffee and rice.
The exact status of Montenegro had not been
denned up to Nov. 15, 1919. King- Nicholas
was absent in Paris and exercised only nom-
inal authority over his country.
NORWAY.
Government— King. Haakon VII.; crown prince
Olaf.
President of Council and Minister of Agricul-
ture— Gunnar Knudsen.
Foreign Affairs — Nils C. Ihlen.
Justice— M. Urbye.
Commerce— B. Stuevold-Hansen.
Labor — M. Olsen-Nalum.
Finance — Anton T. Omholt.
Education and Worship — Jorgen Lovland.
Defense — Rudolph Peerson.
Social Affairs— Paul Berg.
Provisipning— Haakon Five.
Industrial Supplies — H. Hauan.
Legislative authority is vested in the
storthing, consisting of 126 members elected
for three years through universal suffrage by
men and women. The storthing consists of two
houses, the odelsthing- and the lag-thing. The
former is made UP of three-fourths of the
members of the storthing and the latter of
one-fourth.
Area and Population— The total area of Nor-
way is 124.643 square miles. The total
population in January. 1918. estimated at
2.632.010. Christiania in 1918 had a pop-
ulation of 259.445 and Bergen 90,733.
Imports and Exports— The value of the im-
ports in 1916 was $458,410,000: exports.
$247.083.100. Exports to the United States
in 1919. $3,219.245: imports. $101.641.460.
The chief exports are timber and wood
manufactures, wood pulp, malty food, fish,
paper and minerals: imports, breadstuff s,
groceries, yarn, textiles, vessels and ma-
chinery.
PORTUGAL.
Government— President. Admiral Canto y
Castro Silva Antunes.
Premier — Domingo Pereira.
Minister of Finance-j-Ramada Curto.
Foreign Affairs — Xavier Silva.
Justice — Senhor Granjo.
War— Col. Antonio M. Baptista.
Instruction — Leonardo Coimbra.
Labor— Dias da Silva.
Colonies— Jorge Munes.
Legislative authority is vested in a na-
tional council of 164 members and an tipper
house of 71 members. The first elections
were held May 28. 1911, and the assembly
opened June 19.
Area and Population— Total area, including
Azores and Madeira. 35,490 square miles.
Area of possessions in Africa and Asia. 801,-
060 square miles. The population of the
home country with the Azores and Madeira
in 1911 was 5.957.985: of the colonies in
Africa and Asia. 9.139.444. In 1911 Lisbou
had a population of 435,359 and Oporto
194.009.
Imports and Exports — Total imports in 1916,
$12.503,000: total exports, $24.642,500.
Imports from the United States in 1919.
$21,975.725; exports to the United States,
$4.427,140. The chief imports are food-
stuffs, cotton, sugar, fish. wool, leather, coal
and coffee: chief exports, wine, sardines,
copper ore, olives and figs.
ROUMANIA.
Government — King, Ferdinand: crown prince,
Carol.
Legislative authority is vested in a senate
of 120 members elected for eight years and a
chamber of deputies of 183 members elected
for four years.
Area and Population— The total area is 53.689
square miles. The population in 1899 was
5.956.690: in 1914. 7.508.009. Population
of the principal towns (in 1914) : Bukha-
rest, 345.628; Jassy, 76,120; Galatz, 72,-
512; Braila. 65.911.
Exports and Imports — The value of the exports
in 1913 was $134.141.000; of the imports.
$118.002.500. The chipf exports are cerealt
and the leading imports are textiles. Ex-
ports to the United States in 1919. none:
imports from. $1,050.451.
RUSSIA.
Government — Russia since Nov. 8. 1917. has
been ruled nominally by a soviet or council
of soldiers, workmen and peasants. In re-
ality the government has been a dictator-
ship exercised by the following men who call
themselves "people's commissioners":
President of the Council— Vladimir Hitch
Ulianov Lenin.
Commissioner for Foreign Affairs— M. Tchlt-
cherin.
Commissioner for Military Affairs and the
Navy— Leon Trotzky.
Area and Population— The area and popula-
tion of what is known as soviet Russia
cannot be given with any degree of accuracy.
The country has been in a state of civil war
ever since the overthrow of the czar and
a score of the provinces included in the old
empire have declared themselves independ-
786
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ent republics. Its area before the great up-
heaval was 8.764.586 square miles and ita
population in 1915 was 182.182,600. Pop-
ulation of the principal cities:
Petrograd (1915) ...2.318.645
Moscow (1915) 1,817,100
Warsaw (1916) 789.289
Odessa (1912) 631.040
Lodz (1910) 415.604
Riga (1913) 558.000
Kiev (1913) 626.313
Kharkov (1913) 249,698
Yekaterinoslav (1912) 220.446
Saratov (1913) 235.300
Vilna (1913) 203,940
Kazan (1913) 194.246
Imports and Exports— The total value of the
imports in 1916 was 8576.500,000: of the
exports. 8201.000.000. The exports to the
United States in 1919 amounted in value to
S 2.927.434: imports from the United States
11.390.318. The chief exports are food-
stuffs, timber, oil. furs and flax: imports,
raw cotton, wool, metals, leather, hides,
skins and machinery.
POLAND.
Poland is a republic in which legislative
power is vested in a national assembly elected
by men and women, all of whom above the
age of 21 have the right to vote. The execu-
tive power is exercised by a president and
cabinet. The president in November. 1919
was Joseph Pilsudski and the cabinet was
made up of the following:
Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs— Ig
naee Paderewski.
Interior — M. Wejciechowski.
Commerce and Industry — M. Honcia.
Finance— M. Karpinski.
Public Health— M. Janiszewski.
Communications — M. Eberhardt.
Posts and Telegraphs— M. Linde.
Agriculture — M. Janicki.
Fine Arts — M. Przesmycki.
Labor— M. Iwanowski.
Food— M. Minkiewicz.
Justice— M. Supinski.
Public Works— M. Prochnik.
War— Col. Wroczynski.
Area and Population — The boundaries not
having yet (November. 1919). been ex-
actly defined, the following estimates from
Polish sources are given: Area. 135,367
square miles; population 36,234,727.
Imports and Exports— The exports of Poland
are chiefly manufactured goods, furniture
and beverages; the imports are raw mate-
rials such as wool and cotton. Figures as
to amounts and values are not available.
SERBIA.
Government — King. Peter I. (Karageorgevitch) ;
heir-apparent. Prince Alexander (second
son) who for some years has been acting
as regent; premier, Stoyan Protitch. Legis-
lative authority is vested in a single cham-
ber called "skupshtina," of 160 elected
members.
Area and Population— Area. 33.891 square
miles. Population in 1910. 2.911.701- in
1914. 4,547.990. The capital. Belgrade, had
90.890 inhabitants before the war with Aus-
tria. Nish, the war capital, had 24.949 in-
habitants in 1911. When the boundaries
of Serbia have been definitely fixed the lore-
going figrures as to area and population will
be subject to material changes.
Exports and Imports— Total value of exports
in 1912. $18. 595.000: imports. 814.705.000.
Exports to the United States in 1919, none-
imports. 82.696.876. Exports are mainly
agricultural products and animals and the
imports cotton and woolen goods and metals.
SPAIN.
Government — King-. Alfonso XIII.: heir-appar-
ent. Prince Alfonso.
Premier— Joaquin S. Toca.
Foreign Affairs — Marauis de Lema.
Interior— Senor Burgos.
Finance— Count de Bugalial.
War— Gen. Covaro.
Marine— Admiral Flores.
Public Instruction— Pradoy Palacios.
Justice— P? -cual y Amat.
Area and Population — Total area, 194,783
square miles. Total population of Spain
Jan. 1. 1914. 20.355,986. Population of
large cities (1910) :
Madrid 599,807 Saragossa
Barcelona 587,411
Valencia 233.348
Seville 155.366
Malaga ..133,045
Murcia . ...124,985
Cartagena
Bilbao
105,788
96,983
92.514
77.425
67,742
67,174
Granada .
Valladolid
Cadiz ....
Imports and Exports— The exports of Spain
in 1918 amounted to 8272.501,900; imports.
8256.194,300. Total exports to the United
States in 1919. 830,979.183; imports. 898.-
931.638. Chief exports are wine, sugar,
timber, animals, glassware and pottery; im-
ports, cotton and cotton manufactures, ma-
chinery, drugs and chemical products.
SWEDEN.
Government— King. Gustaf V.: crown prince.
Gustaf Adolf.
Premier — Nils Eden.
Foreign Affairs— Dr. J, Hellner.
Finance — F. V. Thorsson.
Marine— Erick Palmstjerna.
War— E. A. Nilsson.
Education — K. V. Ryden.
Interior— P. A. V. Schotte.
Agriculture— P. Alfred Pettersen.
Justice — G. Eliel Loevgren.
Ministers Without Portfolios— B. A. Petren
and B. O. Unden.
Legislative authority is vested in a parlia-
ment of two chambers, the first of which has
a membership of 150 and the second 230.
Members of the upper house are elected by
"landsthings" or provincial representations and
municipal corporations for terms of six years.
The second chamber members are elected for
three years by universal suffrage.
Area and Population — The total area of
Sweden is 172.876 square miles. The popu-
lation Dec. 31. 1917 was 5.800.847. The
population of the principal cities at the
same time was:
Stockholm 413.163 i Norkoping 68.154
Gothenburg.... 196. 994 Gacfle 36,682
Malmo 112,621 I Helsingborg. . . 44,763
Imports and Exports— The total imports in
1917 were valued at 8316,518,000; exports.
8432.326,750. Exports to the United States
in 1919. 85,820.070; imports, 878,119,187.
The leading articles of export are timber
and machinery: of import, textile goods and
foodstuffs.
SWITZERLAND.
Government — President of federal council
(1919)— Gustav Ador.
Legislative authority is vested in a state
and a national council, the former having" 44
and the latter 167 members. The national
councilors are elected directly by the people:
,he state . councilors are elected in eome can-
tons by the people and in others by the can-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
787
Bern 105.000
St. Gallen 71,400
Lausanne
71,400
tonal legislature. The chief executive au-
thority is vested in the bundesrath, or federal
council, one member of which is the chief of
one of the federal departments. Its decrees
are enacted as a body. Its members are
elected president in rotation.
Switzerland owns its main railroads, its tele-
graph and telephone system and monopolizes
the manufacture and sale of alcohol.
Area and Population— Total area, 15,976
square miles. The population, according to
!he census of July 1. 1916, was 3 937.000.
Population of the largest cities (19
Zurich 213.900
Geneva 139,500
Basel 137.100
Exports and Imports— Total exports in 19^6'
$488.964.000; imports, $475.700.920. Ex-
ports to the United States in 1919. $18.-
648 788; imports, $63,223.093. The articles
chiefly exported are cottons, silks, clocks
and watches; imported, foodstuffs, silk,
minerals and metals, clothing- and animals.
THE NETHERLANDS.
Government— Queen, Wilhelmina; prince con-
sort, Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwenn ; heir,
Princess Juliana
Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior—
Jonkheer Ruys de Beerenbrouck.
Foreign Affairs— Jonkheer Karnebeek
Agriculture. Commerce, Industry and Labor-
Mr. H. A. Ysselsteyn.
War— Jonkheer A. van Gensan.
Navy — Dr. H. Byleveld.
Justice— Dr. T. H. Heemskerk.
Finance— Mr. de Vries.
Colonies— A. W. F. Idenburg.
Labor— J. P. M. Aalberse.
Legislative authority is vested in the states-
general, composed of two chambers the first
having 50 members and the second 100. The
latter are elected directly and the former by
the provincial states.
Area and Population— The area of Holland or
the Netherlands, is 12.648 square miles.
The total population Dec. 31. . 1017, was
6.724.663; that of the chief cities Dec. 31.
1917, was:
Groningen 87.063
Amsterdam ...640,993
Rotterdam ....500,221
The Hag-ue 344,636
Utrecht 135.368
Haarlem
74,816
Arnhem ..'.'.'!'! 70,'664
Leiden 60,187
Imports and Exports— In 1917 Holland im-
ported $319.274.274 worth of merchandise
and exported 3204.824,360. In 1919 the
exports to the United States amounted to
$30 652 531* and the imports from the same
country to $103.801.757. Chief imports
are iron and steel and their manufac-
tures, textiles, coal, cereals and flour; ex-
ports, butter, sugrar and cheese.
DUTCH EAST INDIES.
Area. 735,000 square miles: population. 48,-
000 000; area of Java and Madura. 50,557
square miles; population, 36,015,435. The
chief exports are sugar, coffee, tea, rice,
indigo, cinchona, tobacco, copra and tin.
TURKEY.
Government — Sultan, Mohammed VI. Cabinet :
Grand Vizier— Gen. Ali Riza Pasha.
Justice — Mustapha Bey.
Foreign Affairs — Mustapha Rechid Pasha.
Sheik-ul-Islam— Houloussi Effendi.
Finance— Djaved Bey.
Public Instruction. Posts and Telegraphs— S? id
Public Works — Hamed Abouk Pasha,
War — Djemal Pasha.
Commerce— Shereef Bey.
A constitutional form of government was
adopted July 24, 1908. with legislative author-
ity vested in a parliament.
Area and Population — Before the war the
area of Turkey in Europe was 8.644. of
whole empire, 710.224 square miles. The
total population of all parts of the empire
then was 21.273.000. Constantinople has
about 1.203.000 inhabitants.
Exports and Imports— The total exports in
1917 amounted in value to $170,300.000
and the imports to $1.106.000. The im-
ports from the United States in 1919
amounted to $8,017,376 and the exports to
$4,966,558. The principal articles imported
are cloth and clothing, sugar, coffee, flour,
rice and manufactures of iron; exports,
grapes, silk, grain, cocoons, wool, cotton,
carpets, hides and skins.
UKRAINIA.
The "Ukrainian People's Republic" was pro-
claimed Nov. 21. 1917. Since that time it
has been the scene of constant changes of
government, passing back and forth between
the bolsheviki and the enemies of soviet Rus-
sia. In October. 1919, a coalition ministry
was formed with I. Maseppi as premier and
minister of the interior, W, Slavinski as min-
ister of foreign affairs. M. Petroff as minister
of war and S. N. Prokopovitch as minister
of education. The capital is Kiev. The coun-
try in normal times exports large quantities
of grain, especially wheat. Its area is about
216.400 square miles and its population is
approximately 30,000,000.
JUGO SLA VIA.
Jugo Slavia, or the state of the southern
Slavs, is composed of Croatia. Slavonic and
Dalmatia. The capital is at Agram in Croatia.
The total separation of the territories named
from Hungary was voted on Oct. 31. 191S.
and Crown Prince Alexander was appointed
regent Nov. 26 by the national council at
Agram. The boundaries of the state had not
been definitely fixed up to Nov. 15. 1919. The
area of Croatia. Slavonia and Dalmatia com-
bined is about 21.360 square miles and the
population 3.250.000.
ASIA.
AFGHANISTAN.
Ameer. Amanullah Khan; population, about
6.000.000: area, 250.000 square miles. No
statistics as to imports and exports of Afghan-
istan are available. The chief productions are
preserved fruits, spices, wool, silk, cattle and
tobacco.
BOKHARA.
Ameer. Sayid Mir Alim Khan; heir, Sayid
Mir Ibrahim. The area of Bokhara is about
83,000 square miles and the population 1.-
250,000. The products are corn, tobacco,
fruit, silk and hemp. Since 1873 Bokhara has
been a dependency of Russia.
CHINA.
Government — President. Hsu Shih-ohang:
premier. Chin Yun-peng. The president and
vice-president are each elected for a term of
five years. Legislative power is nominally
vested in a single house assembly, but it is
practically only an advisory body. The presi-
dent possesses autocratic powers and China
is a republic in name only.
Area and Population— Total area of China,
with dependencies. 3,913.560 souare miles:
estimated population. 320.050,000.
Exports and Imports — The total exports in
1916 amounted to 8402,492,500. and the
imports to $430.339,000. During the fiscal
788
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
vear 1919 goods to the value of $92.496,112
were imported from the United States. The
total exports in the same period to the
United States amounted to $128,319.4:51.
The articles imported from America consist
mainly of flour, kerosene, sago, india rub-
ber shoes, ginseng, quicksilver, white shirt-
ing' drills and broadcloth. Among the lead-
ing' exports are tea, furs, wool, mats, fans,
essential oils, straw braid, silks, hair, hides
and hemp.
Government — Emperor, Yoshihito; crown
prince Hirohito. Cabinet:
Premier and Minister of Justice— Kei Hara.
Foreign Affairs— Kosai Uchida.
Interior— Takejiro Tokonami
Finance — Baron Korekiyo Takahashi.
War—Giiehi Tanaka.
Navy— Vice-Admiral Tomasaburo Kato.
Education — Tokugoru Nakabashi.
Agriculture and Commerce— Tats uo Yamamoto.
Communications — Utaro Noda.
Legislative authority is vested in the em-
peror and the imperial diet. This consists of
toe house of peers and the house of repre-
sentatives, the former having aoout o7o and
the latter 381 members.
Area and Population— The total area of Japan
is 260,738 square miles The population ac-
cording to the census of Dec. 31, 1917 was
56,550,348 exclusive of Formosa the Pesca-
dores and the south half of Sakhalin. The
total population. indudm^Korea^ Formosa
and Sakhalin, was
having more than
Tokyo. 1916.2,244.796
Osaka. 1916.1,460,218
Kyoto, 1916. 539.153
Kobe, 1916. 498,317
Yokohama.
1916
428.663
Nagoya.1916 389,272
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Kanazawa
167,130
161,174
129,804
Kure ...:.... 128,141
Imports and Exports— The total imports in
1918 amounted in value to $834,069.000;
exports. $961,350.125. In 1919 the im-
ports from the United States were valued
at $326.462.269, and the exports to the
same country at $303,993,041. The chief
exports are raw silk, cotton, yarn, copper,
coel and tea: imports, sugar, cotton, iron
and stc2l, machinery, petroleum and wool
Chosen (Korea).
Formerly an empire, but now a Japanese
colony. Estimated area, 86.000 square miles.
Population in 1917, 16,998,191. Seoul, the
capital, has 302.686 inhabitants.
JAVA.
(See The Netherlands.)
KHIVA.
Khan. Seyid Asfendiar Khan: heir-apparent,
Nasyr Tycuara: area, 24,000 square miles:
population, 646.000. Products are cotton and
silk Khiva was a Russian vassal state.
PERSIA.
Shah or emperor. Sultan Ahmad Shah. Un-
der the constitution granted in 1906 legis-
lative authority was vested in a national coun-
cil of 156 members and a senate of 60 mem-
bers. It is, however, practically nonexistent
and exercises no power at present. The area
of Persia is about 628.000 square miles
and the population 9,500,000. Imports in
1917, $72.760,500: exports. $63.800.000. Im
ports from the United States in 1919. $644,
960: exports to. $447,675. Teheran, the cap-
ital, has a population of about 280,000. Chief
among the products are silk, fruits, wheat
barley and rice.
SIAM.
King, Chowfa Maha Vajirvudh. Area, 195.
OOO square miles; population (1916), 8,819,-
686. Bangkok, the capital, has 628,675 in-
labitants. The imports in 1918 were $37,-
337,500; and the exports $47,613.500. Im-
ports from the United States in 1919. $2.113,-
851; exports to, $173.231. Chief among the
:xports are rice, teak and marine products;
mports, cotton goods and opium.
AFRICA.
ABYSSINIA.
Empress. Waizeru Zauditu. Total area of
Abyssinia, 432.432 square miles; population,
8,000,000. The exports are coffee, hides and
skins, gum, wax, gold and ivory.
ALGERIA.
Algeria is a colony of France. Governor-
general, M. Jonnart. Area, 343,500 square
miles; population in 1911, 5,563,828. Chief
imports are cotton, skins and furs and
woodwork; exports, wine, sheep and cereals.
EGYPT.
Sultan, Prince Ahmed Fuad. British high
commissioner. Field Marshal Viscount Al-
lenby. Total area of Egypt, 350,000 square
miles; area of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan,
1,014,400 square miles. The population of
Egypt proper in 1917 was 12,710.129; of
the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 3,400,000. Pop-
ulation of Cairo, 790,938: Alexandria, 444.-
617. Great Britain formally declared Egypt
a protectorate of the empire Dec. 17, 1914.
The total exports in 1918 were valued at
$226,850,200, and the imports at $255,-
776,550. Imports from the United States
1919, $10,293,189; exports to, $23.934,-
571. The exports consist chiefly of cereals,
raw cotton and provisions; imports, wool,
coal, textiles and metal manufactures.
BELGIAN KONGO.
Kongo was made a Belgian colony in 1908.
The estimated area is 909,654 square miles
and the negro pppulation about 15,000,000.
Among the leading articles of export are
ivory, rubber, cocoa, palm nut, palm oil,
copal gum and coffee. Total imports in 1916,
$24,501,000; exports. $55.474,800. Ex-
ports to the United States (1919), $865,053;
imports, $2,731,839.
LIBERIA.
President, Daniel E. Howard; president-
elect (1920-1924), C. B. King; vice-president,
S. G. Harmon. Legislative power is vested
in a senate of nine members and a house of
representatives of fourteen members. The
total area of the republic is about 40.000
square miles and the population 2,120,000.
The exports in 1917 were valued at $618,536
and the imports (1913) at $902,063. Im-
ports from the United States in 1919, $333,-
849; exports to, $225,163.
MOROCCO.
Sultan, Mulai Youssef. Morocco is a French
protectorate. Area about 231.500 square
miles; population, 5,400.000. Total imports
in 1917, $73,117,015; exports, $26,511,130.
Imports from the United States in 1919,
$1,859,782; exports to, $304,244.
MADAGASCAR.
Governor-general, M. Schrameck. Mada-
gascar is a French colony governed by a
council of administration. The area is 228,-
000 square miles and the population on Dec.
31, 1917, was 3,545.264. The capital is An-
tananarivo with a population of 63.115. Im-
ports in 1917, $27.354.115; exports, $17.-
241,550. Exports to United States (1919),
$26,970; imports from, $539,656.
TUNIS.
Bey, Sidi Mohammed Ben Nasr Bey; heir-
presumptive, Sidi Mohammed Ben Mamoun
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
789
Bey. Tunis is under the protectorate of .
France and that country is represented by a
resident-greneral. Total area, 50,000 square
miles; population in 1913. 1,953.000. Im-
ports in 1917, $28,408,300; exports, $25,-
034,400.
SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
President, Hipolito Irogoyen; capital, Buenos
Aires. Area, 1,153,119 square miles. Pop-
ulation (1918), 8,284,266; Buenos Aires,
1,637,155 (Jan. 1, 1918). Total exports in
1918, $826,466,000; imports, $480.895.070.
Exports to the Unite<l Stales in 1919, $165,-
061,539; imports, $138,831.832. Chief ex-
ports, sheep, wool, cattle, hides, frozen meats
and wheat; imports, machinery, agricultural
implements, railway cars, engines and sup-
plies and manufactures of iron and steel.
BOLIVIA.
President. Gutierrez Guerra; capital. Sucre.
Area, 614,155 square miles. Population
(1915), 2,889.970. LaPaz. 100,097; Choca-
chamba. 31.014; Sucre, 29.686. Total ex-
ports in 1917, $63.099,220; imports, $13,-
392,300; exports to the United States in
1919, $700,253; imports, $6,731,916. Chief
exports, silver, tin, copper, coffee, rubber;
imports, provisions, clothing-, hardware, spir-
its, silks and woolens.
BRAZIL,.
President, Dr. Epitacio Pessoa; capital, Rio
de Janeiro. Area, 3,275.510 square miles.
Population (estimated 1917). 27,473,579; Rio
de Janeiro (1913), 975,818; Sao Paulo
(1911), 450,000; Bahia, 348.130; Pernam-
buco, 216,484. Exports (1918), $305.839,-
850; imports. $264,084.400. Exports to the
United States in 1919, $125.283,489; im-
ports, $93.294,275. Chief exports, coffee,
sugar, tobacco, cotton and rubber; imports,
cotton g-oods, manufactures of iron and steel,
furniture, mineral oils, breadstuffs and pro-
visions.
CHILE.
President, Juan Luis Sanfuente; capital,
Santiago. Area, 289.829 square miles. Pop-
ulation in 1917, 3.870,002; Santiago. 408,-
247; Valparaiso, 201,507; Concepcion. 68,902.
Total exports in 1917, $259.985,495; im-
ports, $129.603,115. Exports to the United
States in 1919. $135,602,542; imports, $70,-
288,581. Chief exports, nitrate, wool, hides
and leather; imports, sug-ar, coal, cotton
g-oods, cashmeres, oil, galvanized iron.
COLOMBIA.
President, Dr. Marco F. Suarez; capital,
Bogota. Area, 440,846 square miles. Pop-
ulation in 1912, 5,472,604; Bogota, 121,257.
Total exports (1917), $13.441.256; total
imports, $24,611,900. Exports to the United
States in 1919, $28,267,604; imports, $13,-
441,256. Chief exports, gold, silver and
other minerals, coffee, cocoa, cattle, sugar, to-
bacco and rubber; imports, manufactures of
iron and steel, cotton goods.
ECUADOR.
President, Alfredo B. Moreno; capital, Quito.
Area, 116,000 square miles. Population, 2,-
000,000; Quito, 70,000; Guayaquil, 105,000.
Total exports in 1917, $16,337,850; imports.
$10,193.790. Expo-ts to the United States
in 1919, $9,009,005; imports, $5,017,636.
Chief exports, coffee, cocoa, rice, sugar, rub-
ber, cabinet woods, chemicals and minerals;
imports, cotton, provisions, manufactures of
iron and steel, clothing- and mineral oil.
PARAGUAY.
President, Dr. Manuel Franco: capital. Asun-
cion. Area, 165.000 square miles. Popula-
V
tion (estimated 1917), 1,000.000; Asuncion
(1917), 120.000. Total exports in 1918.
$6,171,311; imports, $5,141,726. Exports
to the United States in 1919, $363,159; im-
ports, $734.379. Chief exports, mate (OP
Paraguay tea), tobacco, hides, timber, or-
anges; imports, cotton goods, machinery and
provisions. pERU
President, Senor Leguia; capital, Lima. Area.
722,461 square miles. Population estimated
(1912) at 4,500,000; Lima, 143,500; Callao.
34,346. Total exports in 1917, $83.217,000:
imports. $67,514,250. Exports to the United
States in 1919, $34,835,636; imports, $26,-
149.900. Chief exports, cotton, coffee, sug-ar.
cinchona, india rubber, dyes and medicinal
plants; imports, woolens, cotton, machinery
and manufactures of iron.
URUGUAY.
President, Dr. Baltasar Brum; capital, Mon-
tevideo. Area, 72,153 square miles. Popu-
lation (1917), 1,407,247; Montevideo (Jan.
1, 1918), 378,993. Total exports in 1918.
$115,624,315; imports, $68,884,700. Ex-
ports to the United States in 1919, $47,-
323,263; imports, $27,775,692. Chief ex-
ports, animal and agricultural products; im-
ports, manufactured articles.
VENEZUELA.
President, Gen. Juan Vicente Gomez; cap-
ital, Caracas. Area. 393.976 square miles.
Population Dec. 31, 1917, 2,844,618; Caracas.
75,000. Total exports in 1917, $23,973,350;
imports, $26.583.600. Exports to the United
States in 1919, $19,732,709; imports, $9,-
275,680 Chief exports, coffee, hides, cabinet
woods, rubber and chemicals; imports, ma-
chinery, manufactures of iron and steel, pro-
visions, furniture and mineral wools.
MEXICO.
Government— President. Venustiano Carranza.
The republic of Mexico is divided into
twenty-seven states, three territories and
one federal district, each with a local gov-
ernment, but all subject to the federal con-
stitution. Representatives are elected for
two years each and are apportioned at the
rate of one for each 40,000 inhabitants:
the senators, of whom there are fifty-six, are
elected by the people in the same manner as
representatives. The president holds office
four years and may be elected for several
consecutive terms.
Area and Population— The total' area, includ-
ing1 islands, is 785,881 square miles. The
estimated population in 1912 was 15.501.-
684. The population 9f leading cities of
the republic follows: City of Mexico (capi-
tal), 470.659; Guadalajara. 118.799; Puebla.
101.214; Monterey, 81.006; San Luis Potosi.
82,946; Pachuca, 38,620; Agnascalientes.
44.800: Zacatecas. 25.905; Durango. 34,085:
Toluca. 31.247; Leon. 63,263; Merida. 61.-
999; Queretaro, 35,011; Morelia, 39,116;
Oaxaca. 37.469; Orizaba. 32,894; Chihuahua.
39.061: Vera Cruz, 29164.
Commerce — The chief exports of Mexico are
precious metals, coffee, tobrcco, h3mp, sisal,
sug-ar, dyewoods and cabinet v/oods. cattle
and hides and skins. In 1914 the totpl ex-
ports amounted to $92.833,000: total im-
ports for the same year were $60,831.070.
The trade of Mexico is chiefly with the
United States, Great Britain, France. Ger-
many and Spain. In 1917 the imports from
the United States were $119,962.952; ex-
ports to, $157.693,451.
CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES.
COSTA RIGA.
President, Juan Batista Quiroz (actinsr) :
790
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
capital, San Jose. Area, 23,000 square miles.
Population (1917). 434.995; San Jose, 35,654.
Total exports (1917). $11,382, 000; imports,
$5,595.000. Exports to the United States in
1919, $8,222,108; imports, $4.175,646. Chief
exports, coffee and bananas; imports, cotton,
machinery, iron and steel manufactures, wool-
ens and worsteds.
GUATEMALA.
President. Manuel E. Cabrera: capital, Guate-
mala de Nueva. Area, 48.290 square miles.
Population (1914), 2.003.579: of the capital.
90,000. Total exports (1917), $7,809.700:
imports. $8,991,550. Exports to the United
States in 1919, $11.115,721; imports, $5.946,-
331. Chief exports, coffee and bananas: im-
ports, cotton and cereals.
or fraction thereof over 12,500, elected for
four years by direct vote. One-half of the
members of the house are elected every two
years. The salary of members of congress is
$3,600 a year.
Organization of the Republic — The organization
of the republic of Cuba, begun in 1900, was
practically completed on the 20th of May.
1902. when the military occupation of the
island by the United States came to an end
and Gen. Tomas Estrada Palma was in-
augurated as first president.
Area and Population— The total area of Cuba
is 44,164 square miles. The population in
1916 was 2,627,536.
Population of provinces in 1916:
HONDURAS.
President. Dr. Francisco Berlrand: capital,
Tegucigalpa. Area. 44,275 square miles. Pop-
ulation (1916), 613.758; Tegucigalpa. 28,950.
Total exports (1917), $5.353,250; imports,
$6.293.000. Exports to the United States in
1919, $6.259,412: imports. $6,180.248. Chief
exports, bananas, coffee, cattle, cocoanuts and
wood; chief import, cotton.
Santa Clara... 595.229
Oriente 604,530
PinardelRio.,269,166
Camaguey ....193,201
al cities in 1916:
Cardenas 32,513
PinardelRio.. 52.472
Santa Clara.... 57,767
Guantanamo .. 60,216
Sancti Spiritus 58.843
Population of princip
Havana 360,517
Cienfuegos . .. 82,092
Oamaguey . .. 93,057
Matanzas .... 56,468
Manzanillo .. 62,485
Santiago .. .. 63,041
President, Gen. Emiliano Chamorro: capital,
Managua. Area. 49,200 square miles. Popu-
lation (1917), 800,000: Managua. 34,872;
Leon, 62,509. Total exports (1917), $5,975,-
200: imports, $6.393.065. Exports to the
United States in 1919, $4,596.303; imports,
$5,519,137. Chief exports, cattle and coffee;
imports, flour, wine, beer, barbed wire, cotton
goods, sewing machines, kerosene, calico and
tallow.
PANAMA.
President. Belisario Porras. Independence of
Panama declared Nov. 3, 1903; constitu-
tion adopted Feb. 13, 1904. Legislative pow-
er is vested in a national assembly composed
of deputies elected by the people. The ratio
of representation is one deputy for each 10.000
inhabitants. The term of office is four years.
The area of the republic is 32,380 square
miles and the estimated population in 1917.
401.554; city of Panama (1915), 60.028:
Colon, 26.000. Total exports outside of Canal
Zone in 1918. $2,899.557; imports. $7,821,-
660. The exports to the United States in the
fiscal year ended June 30. 1919, amounted to
$8,301,179, and the imports to $21,262,539.
The chief articles of export are bananas, rub-
ber, coffee and pearls.
SALVADOR.
President, Don Jorge Melendez; capital. San
Salvador. Area, 13,176 square miles. Pop-
ulation (1917). 1,287,722: San Salvador, 66,-
800. Total exports (1917), $10.588,900; im-
ports, $2.619.000 (subject to duty only). Ex-
ports to the United States in 1919. $5,273.599;
imports, $5,038.229. Chief exports, coffee,
indigo, sugar, tobacco and balsams; imports,
cotton, spirits, flour, iron goods, silk and yarn.
CUBA.
Government—President. Gen. Mario Menocal:
vice-president, Enrique Jose Varona.
Under the constitution the legislative power
is exercised by two elective bodies — the house
of representatives r>nd the senate, conjointly
called congress. The senate is composed of
four senators from each of the six provinces,
elected for eight years by the provincial
councilmen. and by a double number of elect-
ors, constituting together an electoral board.
The house of representatives is composed of
one representative for each 25,000 inhabitants
About 70 per cent of the population is
white.
Imports and Exports — -The total imports in
1917 amounted to $261,377,000 and the ex-
ports to $357.040,000. The imports from
the United States in 1919 were valued at
$229,545.706 and the exports at $337,654.-
142. The principal articles of export are
sugar, tobacco and cigars, iron and manga-
nese ore, fruit, coffee, cocoa, molasses and
sponges; of import, animals, breadstuff s.
coal and coke, iron and steel, wood, liquor,
cotton, chemicals and vegetables.
HAITI.
President. Sudre Dartiguenave. The area of
Haiti is 10,204 square miles and the popula-
tion about 2,500,000. Coffee, cocoa and log-
wood are the leading articles sold. Total ex-
ports (1917), $1,692,968; imports (1919).
$1,837,744. Exports to the United States in
1919, $9,496,037; imports, $12,152,876.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
President, Federico H. Carvajal. The i-epub-
lic has an area of 19.325 square miles and a
population (1913) of 708.000. Santo Do-
mingo, the capital, has 22,000 inhabitants. In
1917 the exports amounted to $17,901,300
and the chief articles shipped were coffee,
cocoa and mahogany; imports (1918), $20.-
304,650. Exports to the United Stales in
1919, $9,801.954; imports. $15.578,663.
CHICAGO-NEW YORK NONSTOP AIRPLANE
FLIGHT.
Capt. E. F. White, an American army avia-
tor, made the first nonstop airplane flight
from Chicago to New York on April 19, 1919.
In a De Haviland 4. army reconnoissance plane
he made the distance by the route taken, of
727 miles, in 6 hours and 50 minutes, his aver-
age flying speed being 106 miles an hour. As-
cending- from the Ashburn aviation field at
Chicag-o at 9:50 a. m., and flying- by way of
Gary, Ind., Bryan, O., he descended at Hazle-
hurst field, Mineola, L. I., at 5:40 eastern
time. He was accompanied on his flight by
H. M. Schaefer, mechanician. The weather
conditions were favorable all the way, the
flyer maintaining- an altitude of between 10,-
000 and 12,000 feet.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
791
NONCONTIGUOUS POSSESSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
-The Philippine islands were ceded to the
United States by Spain Dec. 10, 1898. Maj.-
Gen. Merritt was the first military governor.
He was succeeded in August, 1899. by Maj.-
Gen. E. S. Otis, who in turn was followed
in May, 1900, by Maj.-Gen. Arthur MacAr-
thur. The last named remained in office un-
til July 4, 1901, when the military au-
thority was transferred to Gen. A. R. Chaf-
fee. By order of the president Gen. Chaffee
was relieved of his duties as military gov-
ernor July 4, 1902, and the office terminated.
The Philippine commission was at the same
time made the superior authority.
By act of congress approved Aug. 29, 1916,
the legislative authority is vested in the
Philippine legislature, composed of two
houses, one the senate and the other the
house of representatives. The senate con-
sists of twenty-four senators and the house
of representatives of ninety members. The
legislature created under this law opened its
first session on Oct. 16. 1916, and on its
being- organized the Philippine commission
ceased to exist and the members thereof va-
cated their offices.
The governor-general is Francis Burton Har-
rison and the vic^-governor Charles E. Yea-
ter. The governor's term is indefinite. He
receives 820,000 a year, while the vice-gov-
ernor receives $10,000.
Area and Population — The total land and water
area of the Philippine archipelago is 832,-
968 square miles; land area, 115,026; pop-
ulation (estimated 19}8). 9.009,802. The
population of Manila in 1914 was 266.943.
The population of the principal islands in
1903 was: Bobol, 243,148; Cebu. 592,247;
Jolo. 44,718; Leyte, 357,641; Luzon. 3,-
798,507; Marinduque, 50,601; Mindanao.
499,634, of whom 252,940 are uncivilized;
Negros. 460.776 (21.217 uncivilized) ; Pa-
nay, 743,646 (14,933 uncivilized); Samar.
222,690.
Products and Climate— The chief products
are hemp, sugar, coffee, tobacco leaf, copra,
cigars and cocoanut oil. Between 600,000
and» 700,000 bales of hemp are exported
annually. The mean temperature in Manila
ranges from 77 in January to 83 in May,
June, July. August and September are the
rainy months; March, April and May the
hot and dry. and October, November, De-
cember, January and February the temperate
and dry.
Trade with the United States— The shipments
of merchandise from the United States to
the Philippines in the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1919, amounted in value to $69,-
030,876, as compared with $48,425,088 in
1918. The principal articles sent were:
Cotton manufactures, $17.188,475; iron
and steel manufactures. $17,322.668; min-
eral oils, $3,840,616. The imports into the
United States amounted in value to $82.-
490.760, as compared with $78.101,412 in
1918. The principal articles imported
were: Unmanufactured manila, $25,027,784;
sugar, $9,359,192; tobacco, $13,664,237;
fruits and nuts, $1,321,572; vegetable oils.
$28,995,933.
Imports and Exports— The total imports of
the Phiilippine islands in the calendar year
1918 amounted to $88,593,211; total ex-
ports, $135,194,482.
ISLAND OF PORTO RICO.
Porto Rico was ceded to the United States
by Spain Dec. 10, 1898, and was under mili-
tary rule until the Foraker law went into
effect May 1, 1900. In accordance with the
third section of that act, the legislative as-
sembly of Porto Rico, having; put into oper-
ation a system of local taxation to meet the
necessities of government. President McKinley
on the 25th of July, 1901 — the anniversary
of the landing of American troops on the
island in 1898— proclaimed free trade be-
tween the United States and Porto Rico.
Government — Under the organic act of March
2, 1917, the legislative power in Porto Rico
io vested in a legislature consisting of two
houses, one the senate and the other the
house of representatives. The senate con-
sists of nineteen members elected for terms
of four years by the qualified electors of
Porto Rico. The house of representatives
consists of thirty-nine members elected for
a term of four years by the qualified electors.
The members of the senate and house of
representatives receive compensation at the
rate of $7 per day for ninety days of each
session and $1 per day for each additional
day of such session while in session. Reg-
ular sessions of the legislature are held bi-
ennially, convening on the second Monday in
February. The governor is Arthur Yager and
the resident commissioner in the United
States is Felix Cordova Davila.
Area and Population — The area of Porto Rico
is 3,435 square miles and the population
in 1910 was 1,118,012. of which 65.5 per
cent was white, 30 per cent mulatto and
4.5 per cent black. In 1918 the population
was estimated at 1,246,361. The cities
having more than 5,000 inhabitants in
1910 were: San Juan, 48,716; Ponce, 35,-
005: Mayaguez, 16.563; Arecibo. 9.612:
Aguadilla, 6,125; Yauco, 6,589; Caguas,
10,354; Guayama, 8,321.
Commerce— For the year ended June 30. 1919.
the total domestic exports from Porto Rico
to the United States were $71.015,351, and
imports from the United States amounted
to $57,898,085. The leading articles of
export are coffee, oranges, brown sug-ar
and tobacco.
TERRITORY OF ALASKA.
Purchased from Russia in March, 1867.
Organized as a noncontiguous possession July
27. 1868.
Made a civil and judicial district June 6, 1900.
Organized as territory of Alaska by -act of
Aug. 24. 1912.
Capital — Juneau.
Governor — Thomas Riggs, Jr.
Secretary— William L. Distin.
Treasurer — W. G. Smith.
Area and Population— Area, 590,884 square
miles (land and water) ; population in 1910,
64,356, of whom 25.331 were Indians; es-
timated total population in 1918, 64,984.
Legislature— Senate has eight members, or two
from each judicial district; house has six-
teen members, or four from each judicial
district; term of senators, four years; term
of representatives, two years; compensa-
tion paid by government, $15 a day to
each member during attendance at sessions
and mileage at the rate 9f 15 cents a
mile; sessions biennial, beginning on first
Monday in March of odd numbered years:
limit of regular sessions, sixty days, and
of special sessions, fifteen days; delegate
to congress elected on Tuesday following
first Monday of November, every second
year, beginning with 1914.
Commerce — The total value of the shipments
of domestic merchandise from the mainland
of the United States to Alaska in the
year ended June 30, 1919, was $35,544.-
034. The principal articles were: Bread-
stuffs, $1,222,094; manufactures of cotton.
792
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
f 1,348,783; manufactures of iron and steel,
12,985,921: meat and dairy products. SV
521,258: wood and manufactures of. $2.522.-
672: mineral oils, $1,912,768. Total value
of shipment of domestic merchandise from
Alaska to the mainland, $72,068.154. The
main articles were: Copper ore, $4,238,811;
canned salmon. $45.009,366; other fish.
$6.193,877: furs. $2.367.492.
Gold Shipments (1919)— From Alaska to the
mainland, $8.623,924; from the mainland
to Alaska. $60,954. The total gold and
silver shipments, inducting foreign, to the
United States were $9,308.110.
TERRITORY OF HAWAII.
Annexed to United States July 7, 1898.
Created a territory June 14. 1900.
Governor — Charles J. McCarthy.
Population— According- to the federal census
of 1910 the total population of the terri-
tory was 191.909. In 1918 it was esti-
mated at 223.099. The only large city is
Honolulu, which in 1918 had an estimated
population of 75,000.
Commerce with the United States— The total
value of the shipments of domestic mer-
chandise from Hawaii to the United States
for the twelve months ended June 30, 1919,
was $93.018.404. Brown sugar was the
principal item, amountinir to 1.178.394,766
pounds, valued at $72.231,738. The other
articles of importance were: Fruits and
nuts, $12,127.024. The total value of the
shipments of domestic merchandise from the
United States to Hawaii was $43.572.794.
The principal articles were: Iron, steel and
machinery. $7.718.463; oils. $4.924.612:
breadstuffs. $3,774.226; lumber and manu-
factures of wood, $2.901.406: meat and
dairy products, $1,891,052: cotton groods.
$1,790.103.
AMERICAN SAMOA.
Acquired by the United States January. 1900.
Area, including- Manua and several other small
islands. 77 square miles.
Population, about 7.550.
Merchandise shipped from the United States
(1919) to Samoa. $133.115.
Pagopago harbor acquired by United States in
1872.
Governor— Commander Warren Terhune. U.S.N.
GUAM.
Ceded to the United States by Spain Dec. 10.
1898.
Area. 210 square miles.
Population, about 12.250.
Merchandise shipped from United States
(1919) $271.000.
First American Governor — Capt. R. P. Leary.
U. S. N.
Governor (1918)— Capt. W. W. Gilmer, U.S.N.
PANAMA CANAL ZONE.
Acquired by the United States Feb. 26. 1904.
Area, 474 square miles.
Population (June. 1918), 21.767.
Governor— Chester Harding.
VIRGIN ISLANDS.
Acquired by the United States March 3, 1917.
Area. 142 square miles.
Population (1918). 32.000.
Governor — Capt. R. W. White. U. S. N.
PRINCE OF WALES IN AMERICA.
Edward Albert, prince of Wales, made
an extended tour of Canada in 1919. visiting
all the principal cities of the dominion from
the Atlantic to the Pacific. He was heartily
welcomed everywhere and made a favorable
impression by his democratic manners and
tactful speeches. He left Portsmouth. Eng-
land, Aug. 6. on the battle cruiser Renown
and arrived at St. John's, N. F.. Aug. 11.
After a stay of about a week there he pro-
ceeded to Halifax. N. S., and thence to Que-
bec, Ottawa, Montreal. Toronto, Winnipeg,
Vancouver and other places, devoting some of
his time between official retentions and en-
tertainments to hunting and fishing.
On Monday evening-, Nov. 10. the prince and
his suite crossed into the United States at
Rouses Point, N. Y.. and on the following day
reached Washington, D. C. They were wel-
comed at the frontier by Secretary of State
Lansing and in Washing-ton by Vice-President
Marshall on behalf of President Wilson, who
was confined to his bed by illness. On arriv-
ing in the capital Nov. 11 the prince called
at the white house and in the evf nir.g- he was
entertained at a dinner given by the vice-
president at which many diplomats, ju^g^s,
congressmen and other distinguished guests
were present. Later he was the guest of the
National Press club, at which he made a brief
speech.
Wednesday evening the prince met the mem-
bers of congress and their wives, members of
the cabinet and the diplomatic corps in the
hall of the library of congress. In tbe re-
ceiving line were Vice-President Marshall, Mrs.
Robert Lansing and Viscount Grey, the British
ambassador. In the course of the day he was
entertained at an informal dinner by Secre-
tary Lansing. He visited the Walter Reed
military hospital and the Lincoln memorial
and called on Mrs. Dewey, widow of Admiral
George Dewey.
On Thursday, Nov. 13. the prince went to
Mount Vernon where he laid a wreath' on
the tomb of Washing-ton and panted a young-
cedar near it. Returning to Washington he
took tea with Mrs. Wilson and had a visit
with the president in his sick room. In the
course of the day he decorated eig-hty officers
and men of the United States army and navy
and seven nurses. On the following day he
visited the naval academy at Annapolis and
left for a three day visit to a southern resort,
whence he returned to New York, concluding
his American visit.
ARMY-NAVY BALLOON RACE.
In an army-navy balloon race, which started
at St. Louis. Sept. 26, 1919, with five con-
testants, Capt. E. Paul Phillips of the army
was the winner with a distance of 491.8 miles.
With Lieut. Byron T. Burt as aid he piloted
a Langley field (Va.) entry and landed in
Lake Michigan some twenty miles out from
Marinette, Mich. Second place was awarded
to Lieut. R. Emerson and Ensign F. L. Slo-
man of Washington, D. C., who brought a
naval balloon to a point two miles northwest
of Stittsvi'le, Mich.. 485.4 miles from the
starting point. Third place was awarded to
Ensign J. H. Stevens and Lieut. W. R. Reed
of the United Stnt?s naval station. Pensacola.
Fla.. with a distance of 479 miles, measured
from the landing place on Lake Michigan, four
miles northwest of Menomonie. Wis.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
793
IN CHICAGO. ILL.
Serious clashes between ^e white and col-
Neb and
Ark
Chicago the trou-
POWhne10there had been some »}nor coUl-lonj
RACE RIOTS OF 1919.
gardless of color, were suggested as remedies.
In a sworn statement the coroner fixed the
number of race riot deaths at thirty-eight —
fifteen white and twenty-three colored persons.
The testimony of 450 witnesses was taken,
-esulting in the holding of twenty men to the
grand jury on charges of murder and man-
slaughter. The coroner's jury branded the
riots as "the pastime of hoodlums," pointing
out that most of the victims of both races
were robbed.
Damage suits arising out of the riots were
filed in large numbers against the city, the
total amount reaching about 81.000.000.
On Aug. 20 Gov. Lowden announced the
membership of a committee of representative
men of both races to investigate the relation-
ship between the races. "This," he said, "is
a tribunal constituted to get the facts, inter-
pret them and find a way out." The men
chosen were:
Fulius Rosenwald.
Victor F. Lawson.
diarism. The police were unable to master
bers of the national guard <
SKA war in Europe also assisted the
in
ated with the police and did effective
While disorder continued in spots .for some
time, the riotous elements were a™ckly sub-
the disturbances hundreds
t riXts, race sedation by agree
ment and quick punishment of the guilty, rt
Edward H. Morris.
_. ... Robert S. Abbott.
Edward Osgood Brown. Adalbert H. Roberts,
Harry Eugene Kelly. George H. Jackson.
William Scott Bond. Dr. L. K. Williams.
Dr. Cleveland Hall.
The committee took measures to investigate
the situation with scientific thoroughness and
to report such remedies as it should deem
most practicable in preventing similar riots in
the future.
IN OMAHA. NEB.
In Omaha, Neb., on Sept. 28 a mob set fire
to the courthouse, nearly killed Mayor E. P.
Smith and lynched William Brown, a negro
accused of an attack on a white girl. In a
battle lasting nine hours hundreds of shots
were fired and a large number of persons were
more or less seriously hurt. One man named
H. J. Hykell died Sept. 30 from a bullet wound
received during the rioting. Louis Young,
aged 17. was shot and killed by the police
while trying to enter the courthouse during-
the rioting. Federal troops were rushed to
Omaha from various points and the soldiers,
under the command of Maj.-Gen. Leonard
Wood, who arrived on the 30th. quickly re-
stored order.
IN WASHINGTON. D. C.
Race riots broke out in Washington. D. C..
July 21. 1919, and continued through the fol-
lowing day. when the presence of a strong'
force of troops quelled the disturbance. Five
men were killed and many injured. The causa
of the disorder was said to be attacks on
white women by negroes.
IN ELAINE, ARK.
The killing of W. D. Adkins, a railroad spe-
cial agent, at Elaine. Ark.. Sept. 30. led to a
conflict between negroes and whites on Oct.
1 and 2. 1919, resulting in the death of eleven
negroes and four or five white men. It was
reported that the negroes in the vicinity had
been led to believe that they could carry out
a successful rising against the whites and that
their efforts in this direction led to the
killings.
PRESIDENT WILSON'S ILLNESS.
President Wilson, after having nearly com-
pleted a speaking tour of a large Part of the
United States in favor of the ratification of
the peace treaty with Germany, including the
league of nations, broke down from the strain
of many months of arduous work and when
he returned to Washington Sept. 28, 1919. .he
was in a critical condition. He was suffering
from an acute attack of nervous prostration
and his physician, Rear-Admiral Cary T. Gray-
son ordered him to bed and refund to allow
business of any kind to be called to his atten-
tion. Dr. F. X. Dercum of Philadelphia, a
neurologist, and other specialists w«r<? called
in from time to time for consultation. Re-
covery was slow and it was not until the first
part of November that the bulletins on his
condition ceased to be issued and he was per-
mitted to sign bills and attend to o'her prpss-
insr duties. He was still confined to Irs bed
but was able to see a few victors including
Albert, king of the Belgians, and the prince of
Wales.
794
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
NATIONAL NOMINATING CONVENTIONS SINCE 1880.
Place and date of each and names of nom-
inees for president and vice-president in the
order named:
1880 — Democratic: Cincinnati, O., June 22-24-
Winfield S. Hancock and William H. English.
Republican: Chicago, 111., June 2-8; James A.
Garfleld and Chester A. Arthur.
Greenback: Chicago, 111., June 9-11; James B.
Weaver and B. J. Chambers.
Prohibition: Cleveland, O., June 17; Neal Dow
and A. M. Thompson.
1884— Democratic: Chicago, 111., July 8-11; Grover
Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks.
Republican: Chicago, 111., June 3-6; James G.
Blaine and John A. Logan.
Greenback: Indianapolis, Ind., May 28-29; Ben
jamin P. Butler and Alanson M. West.
American Prohibition: Chicago, 111., June 19;
Samuel C. Pomeroy and John A. Conant.
National Prohibition: Pittsburgh. Pa., July 23;
John P. St. John and William Daniel.
Anti-Monopoly: Chicago, 111., May 14; Benja
min P. Butler and Alanson M. West.
Equal Rights: San Francisco. Cal., Sept. 20;
Mrs. Belva A. Lockwood and Mrs. M. L. Stow
1888— Democratic: St. Louis, Mo., June 5; Grover
Cleveland and Allen G. Thurman.
Republican: Chicago, 111.. June 19; Benjamin
Harrison and Levi P. Morton.
Prohibition: Indianapolis, Ind., May 20; Clinton
B. Fisk and John A. Brooks.
Union Labor: Cincinnati, O., May 15; Alson J.
Streeter and Samuel Evans.
United Labor: Cincinnati, O., May 15: Robert
H. Oowdrey and W. H. T. Wakefleld.
American: Washington, D. C., Aug. 14; James
L. Curtis and James R. Greer.
Equal Rights: Des Moines, Iowa, May 15; Mrs.
Belva A. Lockwood and Alfred H. Love.
1892— Democratic: Chicago, 111., June 21: Grover
Cleveland and Adlai E. Stevenson.
Republican: Minneapolis, Minn.: June 7-10:
Benjamin Harrison and Whitelaw Reid.
Prohibition: Cincinnati, O.. June 29; John Bid-
well and J. B. Cranflll.
National People's: Omaha, Neb., July 2-5;
James B. Weaver and James G. Field.
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y., Aug. 28;
Simon Wing and Charles H. Matchett.
1896— Democratic: Chicago, 111., July 7; William
J. Bryan and Arthur Sewall.
Republican: St. Louis, Mo., June 16; William
McKinlev and Garret. A. Hobart.
People's Party; St. Louis, Mo., July 22; Wil-
liam J. Bryan and Thomas E. Watson.
Silver Party: St. Louis, Mo., July 22; William
J. Bryan and Arthur Sewall.
National Democratic: Indianapolis, Ind., Sept.
2; John M. Palmer and Simon B. Buckner.
Prohibition: Pittsburgh, Pa., May 27; Joshua
Levering and Hale Johnson.
National Party: Pittsburgh, Pa., May 28;
Charles E. Bentley and James H. Southgate.
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y., July 6;
Charles H. Matchett and Matthew Maguire.
1900— Democratic: Kansas City. Mo., July 4-6;
William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson.
Republican: Philadelphia. Pa.. June 19-21; Wil-
liam McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt.
People's Party: Sioux Falls, S. D.. May 9-10;
William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson.
People's Party * (Middle-of-the-Road): Cincin-
nati, O., May 9-10; Wharton Barker and Ig-
natius Donnelly.
Silver Republican: Kansas City, Mo.. July 4-6;
William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson.
Prohibition: Chicago, 111., June 27-28- John G
Woolley and Henry B. Metcalf
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y., June 2-8-
Joseph P. Malloney and Valentine Remmel '
bocial Democratic Party of the United States;
Rochester, N. Y., Jan. 27; Job Harriman and
Max S. Hayes.
Social Democratic Party of America: Indianap-
olis, Ind., March 6; Eugene V. Debs and Job
Harriman.
Union Reform: Baltimore, Md., Sept. 3; Seth
W. Ellis and Samuel T. Nicholson.
1904— Democratic: St. Louis, Mo., July 6-9; Alton
B. Parker and Henry G. Davis.
Republican: Chicago, 111., June 21-23; Theodore
Roosevelt and Charles W. Fairbanks
People's Party: Springfield, 111., July 4-6-;
Thomas E. Watson and Thomas H. Tibbies.
Prohibition: Indianapolis, Ind., June 29- July 1-
Silas C. Swallow and George W. Carroll.
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y., July 3-9;
Charles H. Corregan and William W. Cox.
Socialist-Democratic Party of America: Chi-
cago, 111., May 1-6; Eugene V. Debs and Ben-
jamin Hanford.
Continental: Chicago, 111., Aug. 31; Charles H.
Howard and George H. Shibley. (Nominees
declined and Austin Holcomb and A. King
were substituted by the national committee.)
1908— Republican: Chicago, June 16-19; William
H. Taft and James S. Sherman.
Democratic: Denver, July 7-10; William J.
Bryan and John W. Kern.
Socialist: Chicago, May 10-18; Eugene V. Debs
and Benjamin Hanford.
Prohibition: Columbus, O., July 15-16; Eugene
W. Chafln and Aaron S. Watkins.
Independence: Chicago, July 27-28; Thomas L.
Hisgen and John Temple Graves.
People's: St. Louis, April 2-3; Thomas E. Wat-
son and Samuel W. Williams.
United Christian: Rock Island, 111., May 1;
Daniel Braxton Turney and S. P. Carter.
Socialist-Labor: New York, July 2-5: Martin R.
Preston and Donald L. Munro. (Preston de-
clined and August Gillhaus was named in his
place.)
1912 — Democratic: Baltimore, June 25- July 3:
Woodrow Wilson and Thomas Riley Marshall.
Republican: Chicago, June 18-22; William How-
ard Taft and James Schr^lcraft Sherman.
Progressive: Chicago, Aug. 5-7; Theodore
Roosevelt and Hiram W. Johnson.
Socialist: Indianapolis, May 12-18; Eugene V.
Debs and Emil Seidel.
Prohibition: Atlantic City, July 10-12; Eugene
W. Chafln and Aaron S. "Watkins.
Socialist-Labor: New York, April 7-10; Arthur
Reimer and August Gillhaus.
Populist: St. Louis, Aug. 13; no nominations
made.
1916 — Republican: Chicago, June 7-10; Charles E.
Hughes and Charles W. Fairbanks.
Progressive: Chicago, June 7-10; Theodore
Roosevelt and John M. Parker; Roosevelt de-
clined and party decided to support Hughea.
Democratip: St. Louis, June 14-16; Woodrow
Wilson and Thomas R. Marshall.
Prohibition: St. Paul, Minn., July 19-21; J.
Frank Hanly and Ira D. Landrith.
Socialist: No convention held; Allan L. Ben-
son and George R. Kirkpatrick nominated by
mail primary Jan. 10-March 11.
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y., April 29-May
3 ; Arthur E. Reimer and Caleb Harrison.
ORDER OF PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION.
In case of the removal, death, resignation or
disability of both the president and vice-presi-
lent, then the secretary of state shall act as
president until the disability of the president
Dr vice-president is removed or a president is
Elected. The rest of the order of succession
la: Secretary of the treasury, secretary of
war, attorney-general, postmaster-general, sec-
retary of the navy, secretary of the interior,
secretary of agriculture and secretary of com-
merce. The acting president, in case congress
is not in session, must call a special session,
giving twenty days' notice.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
795
NATIONAL POLITICAL COMMITTEES (1916-1920).
REPUBLICAN.
Headquarters — 923 Woodward building-, Wash-
ington. D. C.
Chairman — Will H. Hays. Indiana.
Vice-Chairman—John T. Adams. Iowa.
Secretary— James B. Reynolds, Woodward
building-, Washington, D. C.
Treasurers-Fred W. Upham, Illinois.
Eastern Treasurer — Reeve Schley, New York.
Sergeant-at-Arms— E. P. Thayer, Indiana.
Alabama— Oliver D. Street Guntersville
Alaska— Cornelius S. Murane Juneau
Arizona — Allan B. Jaynes Tucson
Arkansas— H. L. Remmel Little Rock
California— William H. Crocker.. San Francisco
Colorado— Hubert Work Pueblo
Connecticut — John T. King- Bridgeport
Delaware — Coleman du Pont Wilmington
Dist. ol Columbia— E. F. Colladay.. Washington
Florida— George W. Bean Tampa
Georgia — Henry S. Jackson Atlanta
Hawaii— R. W. Shingle Honolulu
Idaho — John W. Ha^t Rigby
Illinois— William Hale Thompson Chicago
Indiana — James A. Hemenway Boonville
Iowa — John T. Adams Dubuaue
Kansas— Fred Stanley Wichita
Kentucky — A. T. Hert Louisville
Louisiana — Emile Kuntz New Orleans
Maine — Alfred J. Sweet Auburn
Maryland— William P. Jackson Salisbury
Massachusetts— William Tlurray Crane... Dalton
Michigan — Charles B. Warren Detroit
Minnesota— Frank B. Kellogg- St. Paul
Mississippi— M. J. Mulvihill Vicksburg
Missouri— Jacob L. Babler St. Louis
Montana— Thomas A. Marlow Helena
Nebraska— R. B. Howell Omaha
Nevada — Herbert G. Humphreys Reno
New Hampshire— Fred W. Estabrook.... Nashua
New Jersey— Hamilton F. Kean Elizabeth
New Mexico — Holm O. Bursum Socorro
New York — Herbert Parsons New York
North Carolina — John M. Morehead... Charlotte
North Dakota— Gunder Olson Graf ton
Ohio— Rudolph K. Hynicka Cincinnati
Oklahoma— James J. McGraw Ponca City
Oregon— Ralph E. Williams Portland
Pennsylvania— Boies Penrose Philadelphia
Philippines— Henry B. McCoy Manila
Porto Rico — R. H. Todd San Juan
Rhode Island— Frederick S. Peck.... Providence
South Carolina — Joseph W. Tolbert.. Greenwood
South Dakota— Willis C. Cook Sioux Falls
Tennessee— Jesse M. Littleton Chattanooga
Texas— H. F. MacGregor Houston
Utah — Reed Smoot Provo
Vermont— Earle S. Kinsley Rutland
Virginia — C. Bascom Slemp Big Stone Gap
Washington— Samuel A. Perkins Tacoma
West Virginia— Virgil L. Highland.. Clarksburg
Wisconsin— Alfred T. Rogers Madison
Wyoming-— Patrick Sullivan Casper
Chairmen of State Committees (1919).
Alabama — Pope M. Long Cordova
Arizona — Albert M. Sames Douglas
Arkansas— A. C. Remmel Little Rock
California — Raymond Benjamin.. San Francisco
Colorado — Rush L. Holland Colorado Springs
Connecticut — J. Henry Roraback Canaan
Delaware — Daniel J. Lay ton. Jr Georgetown
Dist. of Columbia— W. T. Galliher. Washington
Florida— Daniel T. Gerow Jacksonville
Georgia— Roscoe Pickett Jasper
Idaho — John Thomas Gooding-
Illinois— Frank L. Smith Dwight
Indiana— Edmund M. Wasmuth Huntington
Iowa— Charles A. Rawson Des Moines
Kansas— H. H. Motter Olathe
Kentucky— E. T. Franks Owensboro
Louisiana— D. A. Lines New Orleans
Maine— Frank J. Ham Augusta
Maryland— Galen L. Tait Baltimore
Massachusetts— Frank B. Hall Worcester
Michigan— Burt D. Cady Port Huron
Minnesota — Gustav Lindquist St. Paul
Mississippi — (Vacancy )
Missouri— W. L. Cole Union
Montana— John A. Tressler Malta
Nebraska— Robert W. Devoe Lincoln
Nevada — Herbert G. Humphreys Reno
New Hampshire— Dwight Hall Dover
New Jersey— Edward C. Stokes Trenton
New Mexico — George R. Craig Albuquerque
New York—George A. Glynn....New York city
North Carolina — Frank A. Linney Boone
North Dakota— William Lemke Fargo
Ohio— N. H. Fairbanks Springfield
Oklahoma — Vernon Whiting Pawhuska
Oregon — Thomas Tongue, Jr Hillsboro
Pennsylvania — William E. Crow Uniontown
Philippines— Thomas L. Hartigan Manila
Porto Rico— Manuel F. Rossy San Juan
Rhode Island — Jos. P. Burlingame... Providence
South Carolina — Joseph P. Tolbert.. Greenwood
South Dakota— W. H. King Mitchell
Tennessee— H. H. Clements Knoxville
Texas— Phil E. Baer Paris
Utah— Henry Welsh Salt Lake City
Vermont— E. J. Piddock Bellows Falls
Virginia— Joseph L. Crupper Alexandria
Washington— S. A. Walker Seattle
West Virginia — W. E. Baker Elkins
Wisconsin— George A. West Milwaukee
Wyoming— T. Blake Kennedy Cheyenne
DEMOCRATIC.
Permanent headquarters — 425-441 Woodward
building-, Washington, D. C.
Chairman — Homer S. Cummingrs, Connecticut.
Vice-Chairmen — J. Bruce Kremer. Montana, and
Samuel B. Amidon. Kansas.
Secretary — -E. G. Hoffman, Indiana.
Treasurer— Wilbur W. Marsh, Iowa.
Alabama— A. G. Patterson Albany
Arizona — Fred T. Colter Colter
Arkansas— Wallace Davis Little Rock
California— Isidore B. Dockweiler. .Los Angeles
Colorado— John T. Barnett .Denver
Connecticut — Homer S. Cummings Stamford
Delaware — Willard Saulsbury Wilmington
Florida— J. T. G. Crawford Jacksonville
Georgia— Clark Howell Atlanta
Idaho— R. H. Elder Cosur d'Alene
Illinois Charles Boeschenstein Edwardsville
Indiana— E. G. Hoffman Fort Wayne
Iowa— W. W. Marsh Waterloo
Kansas — Samuel B. Amidon Wichita
Kentucky— William B. Haldeman Louisville
Louisiana— A. B. Pujo Lake Charles
Maine— Daniel J. McGillicuddy Lewiston
Maryland— John W. Smith Snow Hill
Massachusetts— John W. Coughlin...Fall River
Michigan— W. F. Connolly Detroit
Minnesota— Frederick B. Lynch St. Paul
Mississippi— J. M. McBeath Meridian
Missouri— E. F. Goltra St. Louis
Montana—J. Bruce Kremer Butte
Nebraska— A. F. Mullen Omaha
Nevada— James L. McCarthy Goldfield
New Hampshire— R. C. Murchie Concord
New Jersey— Robert S. Hudspeth... Jersey City
New Mexico— A. A. Jones Las Vegas
New York— Norman E. Mack Buffalo
North Carolina— A. W. McLean Lumberton
North Dakota— H. H. Perry Ellendale
Ohio— E. H. Moore Youngstown
Oklahoma— Thomas Wade Marlow
Oregon — J. W. Morrow Portland
Pennsylvania— A. Mitchell Palmer. Stroudsburg
Rhode Island— Patrick H. Quinn Providence
South Carolina— John G. Evans Spartanburg
South Dakota — James Mee Centerville
Tennessee— Cordell Hull Carthage
796
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Texas— ( Vacancy.)
Utah— James H. Moyle Salt Lake City
Vermont— James E. Kennedy Williston
Virginia— Carter Glass Lynchburg
Washington— A. R. Titlcw Tacoma
West Virginia— John T. McGraw Graf ton
Wisconsin— Joseph Martin Green Bay
Wyoming-— John E. Osborne Rawlirs
Alaska— T. J. Donahue Valdez
Dist. of Columbia— J. F. Costello... Washington
Hawaii— John H. Wilson Honolulu
Philippines— Robert E. Manley....Naga, Ambos
Porto Rico— Andres B. Grosas San Juan
Secretaries of State Central Committees.
Alabama— Ira Champion Montgomery
Arizona— T. M. Drennan Phoenix
Arkansas— C. C. Calvert Fort Smith
California— George F. Welch San Francisco
Colorado — G. B. McFall Denver
Connecticut— Alexander S. Lynch.. West Haven
Delaware— James Lord Dover
Florida— J. C. Sale Bronson
Georgia— Hiram L. Gardner ...Eatonton
Idaho — G. W. Suppiger Moscow
Illinois— Isaac B. Craig: Mat toon
Indiana — A. C. Sallee Indianapolis
Iowa— W. I. Branagan Emmetsburg
Kansas— Albert Jones Topeka
Kentucky— S. R. Glenn Louisville
Ixmisiana — A. W. Newlin New Orleans
Maine— James B. Perkins Boothbay Harbor
Maryland— Albert J. Almoney Rockville
Massachusetts— Frederic Tudor. . .Bui-~ar<ls Bay
Michigan— A. R. Canfield ^lare
Minnesota— John A. Pearson St. ^'aul
Mississippi-Joseph E. Norwood Magnolia
Missouri— J. L. Shepherd Reger
Montana— Guy LaFollette Helena
Nebraska— Clinton J. Campbell Lincoln
Nevada— William McKnight Carson City
New Hampshire— C. J. Be- anger Mar.ches:er
2*ew Jersey— William L. Dill Paterson
:New Mexico— Miss Peggy Taron
(acting) Santa Fe
Hew York— George R. Vannamee Watertown
Uorth Carolina— H. P. Whitehurst...New Bern
North Dakota— H. L. Halverson Minot
Ohio — John R. Cassidy Columbus
Oklahoma — George L. Bowman Kingfisher
Oregon— Lillian Hackleman Portland
Pennsylvania— Warren Van Dyke. ..Harrisburg
Rhode Island— John J. Barry Central Falls
South Carolina— Willie Jones Co'umbus
South Dakota — Dr. J. E. McNames. . . .Canova
Tennessee— J. D. Jacobs Murfreesboro
Texas— A. S. Moody Houston
Utah— R. B. Thurman Salt Lake City
Vermont— Geo. R. Stackpole Winooski
Virginia— J. N. Brenaman Richmond
Washington — George S. Canfield Spokane
West Virginia — Stuart H. Bowman.. Huntington
Wisconsin— Joseph S. Giuduce.Schleisingerville
Wyoming — Fred L. Thompson Cheyenne
PROHIBITION.
National Executive Committee,
V. G. Hinshaw, chairman, Chicago. 111.; W. G.
Calderwood, vice - chairman. Minneapolis,
Minn.: Mrs. Frances E. Beauchamp, secre-
tary. Lexington, Ky.; H. P. Faris, treasurer,
Clinton, Mo.: Robert H. Patton, Springfield.
111.: F. C. Hendrickson, Cumberland. Md.: E.
L. G. Hohenthal, South Manchester, Conn.;
Daniel A. Poling, Boston, Mass.; Francis E.
Baldwin, Elmira. N. Y.
Headquarters— 336 West Madison street. Chi-
cago, 111.
SOCIALIST.
National Headquarters — 220 South Ashland
boulevard. Chicago, 111.
National Secretary— Otto Branstetter.
National Executive Committee.
William M. Brandt, 940 Choteau avenue, St.
Louis, Mo.
John T. Hagel, P. O. box 77, Oklahoma City.
Okla.
William H. Henry. 41 Baldwin block, Indi-
anapolis, Ind.
Edmund T. Helms. 628 Chestnut street. Mil-
waukee, Wis.
James O'Neal. 1127 Putnam avenue. Brook-
lyn, N. Y.
George E. Roewer. Jr., 14 Blake street, Bel-
mont. Mass.
Oliver C. Wilson. 428 South Claremont avenue.
Chicago, 111.
COMMUNIST PARTY.
Headquarters— 1219 Blue Island avenue, Chi-
cago, 111.
Executive Secretary — C. E. Ruthenberg.
International Secretary — Louis C. Fraina.
THE LABOR PARTY OF AMERICA.
Headquarters— 166 West Washington street.
Chicago, 111.
President — Max S. Hayes. Cleveland, O.
Secretary— Frank J. Esper. Chicago, 111.
Executive Committee— Abraham Lefkowitz.
New York, N. Y.; M. T. Bennett. Hartford.
Conn.: Charles R. Nuzum, Kansas City,
Kas.: William E. Rodriguez. Robert M. Buck
and Alice M. Englert, Chicago. 111.
FAILURES IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From Dun's Review. New York.]
, 1st Qutr. x
Calendar Fail- Liabili-
year. ures. ties.
1900 2.894 $33,022,573
1905 3,443 30,162.505
1910... . 3525 73,079,154
1911 3,985 59,651.761
1912 4.828 63.012.323
1913 4.458 76,832,277
1914 4.826 83.221,826
1915 7.216 105.703.335
1916 5.387
1917 3.937
1918 3,240
1919 1.904
«2d Quar. N
Liabili-
ures. ties.
2.438 $41.724.879
2,767 25.742,080
39,160,152
44,046,590
44,999.900
56.076.784
3^518 101,577,905
5,524 82,884.200
49.748.675
42.414.257
38.013.262
32.889,834
, *
Fail-
2,863
3.076
3,849
3,705
61,492,746 4,108
52,307.099 3.551
49,195.300 2,589
35,621,052 1,599
, Total for year. x
Calendar Fail- Liabili- Ay. Lia-
y3ar. ures. ties. bilities.
1900 10,774 $138,495,673 $12,854
, 3d Quar. x
Fail- Liabili-
ures. ties.
2.519 $27.119,996
2,596 20.329,443
42.177.998
35.167,269
45.532,137
63.837.315
86.818,291
52.876,525
43.345.286
47.228,682
35.181.462
20.230,722
3.011
2,880
3.499
3.549
4.497
4.548
3.755
3.249
2,180
1,393
th Quar. ,
Liabili-
ures. ties.
2,923 $36,628.225
2.714 26,442,144
47.339,793
52,196.045
49,573,031
75,925.912
85.990,838
60.822,068
41,625.549
40,490,333
40,044,955
3.253
3,500
3,636
4.325
5.439
4.868
3,743
3.118
1.913
1905 11.520
1910 12,652
1911 13.441
1912 15.452
1913... . 16.037
102,676.172
201,757.097
191.061.665
203,117.391
272.672.288
8.913
15.947
14.215
13,115
17,003
Calendar
year.
Fail-
ves.
-Total for year.-
Liabili- Av. Lia-
1914 18.280 $357.908.859
1915 22.156
1916 16.993
1917 13.855
1918 9.982
1919...
302.286,148
196.212.256
182.441.371
163,019.979
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
707
POLITICAL PARTY PLATFORMS OF 1916 IN BRIEF.
The following summary includes the principal
planks in the platforms adopted at the national
party conventions in 1916:
REPUBLICAN.
Protection of every American at home and
abroad.
Firm and courageous foreign policy.
Restoration of order in Mexico.
Reaffirmation of the Monroe doctrine.
Closer relations with Latin America.
Retention of the Philippines.
Coherent and continuous policy of national de-
fense with an adequate army and strong navy.
Tariff for the protection of American industries
and labor.
Regulation and supervision of corporations.
An effective system of rural credits.
Extension of rural five delivery.
Subsidies for merchant marine.
Federal control of transportation brdr.ess.
Establishment of budget system for govern-
ment expenditures.
Conservation of natural resources.
Vocational education and workmen's compensa-
tion laws.
Woman suffrage to be granted by each state.
PROGRESSIVE.
Protection of the rights of American citizens
on land and sea.
To guard the honor of the nation.
To maintain the integrity of international law.
The creation of conditions which will make for
permanent peace.
Adequate provision for the common defense.
A navy restored to at least second rank in
battle efficiency.
A regular army of 250,000 men as a first line
of defense.
A system of military training adequate to or-
ganize with promptness, behind that first line
of the army and navy, a citizen soldiery, sup-
plied, armed and controlled by the national gov-
ernment.
Universal military training.
Full suffrage for women.
Social and industrial justice.
Creation of a permanent expert tariff commis-
sion ; a protective tariff.
National regulation of industry.
DEMOCRATIC.
Tariff for revenue only; a nonpartisan tariff
commission.
The suppression of all alliances and combina-
tions conspiring to injure the United States and
advance the interests of foreign countries.
The maintenance of an army adequate to the
requirements of order, of safety and of the pro-
tection of the nation's rights, development of
seacoast defenses, the maintenance of an ade-
quate reserve of citizens trained to arms; con-
tinuous development of the navy.
To assist the world in securing settled peace
and justice, respect for the fundamental rights
of the smaller states and the complete security
of the highway of the seas.
Close relations of amity with other American
republics.
Maiptenance of the Monroe doctrine.
Intervention in Mexico, but only as a last
resort.
Development of American merchant marine.
Conservation of natural resources.
Promotion of agriculture through farm mar-
keting, farm credits and the establishment of
grades and standards.
A living wage for all employes.
A working day of not to exceed eigh; hours.
Adoption of safety appliances.
Compensation for industrial accidents.
Equitable retirement law for civil service em-
ployes.
Protection of the rights of American citizens
at home and abroad.
Peace among the warring nations of Europe.
Development of waterways.
Alteration of senate rules to permit transac-
tion of business.
Economy and the use of the budget system ia
national expenditures.
Enforcement of civil service laws.
Self-government and ultimate independence for
the Philippines.
Prison reform.
Generous pensions for soldiers.
PROHIBITION.
Abolition of liquor traffic.
Equal suffrage for women by amendments to
state and federal constitutions.
Peace and friendliness with all nations; pro-
motion of a world court for the settlement ol
national differences.
Disarmament of nations.
Against universal military training.
Promotion of reciprocity in trade ; formation
of a commission of trade specialists.
Creation of merchant marine.
Independence of Philippines when people are
fit for it.
Extension of civil service.
Uniform marriage and divorce laws.
Arbitration between capital and labor.
Budget system in national expenditures.
Single presidential term of six years.
Initiative, referendum and recall.
Promotion of agriculture : abolition of boards
of trade, chambers of commerce and stock ex-
changes.
SOCIALIST.
Opposition to war.
Unrestricted and equal suffrage for men and
women.
Initiative, referendum, recall and proportional
representation nationally as well as locally.
Abolition of United States senate and veto
power of president.
Revision of constitution of the United States.
Abolition of power of Supreme court to pass
upon acts of congress.
Curbing of injunctions.
Election of federal judges for short terms.
Freedom of speech, press and assemblage.
Increase of income, corporation and inheritance
taxes.
Further measures for general education.
Abolition of monopoly ownership of patents.
Collective ownership of public utilities.
Acquisition by municipalities, states and gov-
ernment of grain elevators, stockyards, storage
warehouses and other distributing agencies.
Extension of public domain to mines, quarries,
oil wells, forests and water power.
Conservation of natural resources.
Collective ownership of land.
Money to be issued by government only; govern
ment to lend money at nominal rates to munici-
palities and counties to take over public utilities.
Relief of unemployed by extension of public
works.
Conservation of human resources by —
Shortening the workday.
Freedom of political and economic organization.
Giving rest period of at least a day and a half
in each week.
Securing more effective inspection of workshops.
Forbidding child labor.
Establishing minimum wage scales.
Establishing system of old age pensions and
insurance by the state and by employers of
workers without cost to the latter, and by
Establishing mothers' pensions.
SOCIALIST LABOR.
Means of production must be controlled by the
people in common.
Industrial administration by the working class
—the workers to assume control and direction
as well as operation of their industrial affairs.
Organization of the workers into a revolu-
tionary party.
798
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
NATIONAL WOMAN'S PARTY.
Adoption of the Susan B. Anthony amendment
to the United States constitution that the right
of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States
or by any state on account of sex.
ILLINOIS LABOR PARTY PLATFORM.
Following: is the text of the platform adopted
by the Illinois state labor party at Springfield
April 12. 1919:
The labor party was organized to assemble
into <* new majority the men and women who
work, but who have been scattered as helpless
minorities in the old parties under the leader-
ship of the confidence men of big business.
These confidence men by exploitation rob
the workers of the product of their activities
and use the huge profits thus gained to finance
the old political parties, by which they gain
and keep control of the government. They
withhold money from the worker and use it
to make him pay for his own defeat.
Labor is aware of this and throughout the
world the workers have reached the deter-
mination to reverse this condition and take
control of their own lives and their own gov-
ernment. In this country this can and must
be achieved peacefully by the workers uniting
and marching in unbroken phalanx to the bal-
lot boxes. It ia the mission of the labor
party to bring this to pass.
The state of Illinois is especially unfortunate
in having been bound by exploiters and prof-
iteers. Corruption in politics and government
has been created and fostered by big business.
In the city which is the capital of Illinois,
on the day following that in which the lower
house of the general assembly denied working
men and women relief from the servile injunc-
tion judges who unlawfully deprive citizens
of their constitutional rights at the behest of
the bosses who control nominations and elec-
tions to the bench, the labor party of Illinois
springs into being to strike from the state
government the shackles which prevent our
state from becoming great.
This cannot be accomplished by compromis-
ing longer with the old parties. The day has
passed when forward looking citizens can hope
lor progress, aid or sincerity at the hands of
republican or democratic party officeholders.
The following program is announced:
1. Democratic control of industry and com-
merce for the general good of those who work
with hand and brain and the elimination of
autocratic domination of the forces of pro-
duction and distribution, either by selfish pri-
vate interests or bureauratic agents of govern-
ment.
2. The unqualified right of workers to or-
ganize and to deal collectively with employers
through such representatives of their organiza-
tions as they choose.
3. The freedom from economic hazard which
comes with a minimum wage based upon the
cost of living, and the right of the worker
to maintain, without the labor of mother
and children, himself and his family in health
and comfort, with ample provision for recrea-
"ion and good citizenship.
4. Leisure in which to enjoy happiness and
improve the mind and body by the institution
of a maximum working day of eight hours
and a maximum working week of forty-eight
hours, both for men and women.
5. Abolition of unemployment by reducing
the hours of work still further as necessary to
permit all who are able to work to find occu-
pation and full pay for those who for a time
are unemployed because of illness, accident or
temporary loss of work.
6 Equality of men and women in govern-
ment and industry, with complete enfranchise-
ment of women and equal pay for men and
women doing similar work.
7. Reduction of the cost of living to a just
level, immediately and as a permanent policy,
by the development of co-operation and the
elimination of wasteful methods, middlemen
and all profiteering in the creation and dis-
tribution of the products of industry and agri-
culture, in order that the actual producers may
enjoy the fruits of their toil.
8. Complete revision of the state constitu-
tion to reclaim it for the people, so that in-
stead of its being, as at present, the fortress
of reactionaries and the backbone of the big
business organizations that grip the state it
will become the bulwark of the workers, built
upon the theory of guaranteeing human rights
instead of exalting property rights. Now the
workers' measures are unconstitutional. It must
be rewritten so that the proposals of crooked
big business will be unconstitutional. It mus ,
be made easy of amendment. It must give
the state a new and just revenue system. It
must guarantee the initiative, referendum and
recall. It must release the bonding power of
communities, so that public ownership and
operation are made possible.
9. Taxation of inheritances and income? at
a graduated rate progressing with their size,
and taxation of land values but not of im-
provements.
10. Public ownership and operation of all
public utilities, including grain elevators, ware-
houses, stockyards, abattoirs, insurance and
banks. Development under public ownership
of the water power sites of Illinois. Public
ownership, preferably federal, of the mines of
Illinois, and in the meantime state regulation,
which will prevent wasteful competitive meth-
ods of mining.
11. State aid to provide lands and homes for
Illinois residents in town or country.
12. Abolition of employment of all children
under the age of 16 years.
13. A democratic system of public education
from kindergarten to university, with free .text-
books and with opportunity for full cultural
and vocational education for every child. Re-
education of disabled soldiers and the appli-
cation of the same restorative treatment to
disabled industrial workers.
14. Old age and health insurance, an ade.
quate workmen's compensation law and a
mothers' pension that will put an end to child
poverty and permit the full development of
every child under its mother's care.
15. Use by the wtate of only such supplies
and materials as bear the union label, in-
eluding school textbooks.
16. Full political rights for civil service em-
ployes.
17. Abolition of private employment, detec-
tive and strike breaking agencies and the ex-
tension of lederal and state employment serv-
ices to make these agencies for finding jobs
for workers, instead of merely finding workers
for jobs, and to prevent them from placing
workers in positions that do not pay a living
wage.
18. Abolition of the state senate.
19. Abolition of the power of judges to issue
and enforce injunctions to deprive citizens of
their rights in industrial disputes, and enact-
ment into law of the right of citizens to trial
by jury for contempt of court committed else-
where than in the presence of the court.
20. No law to be declared by the Supreme
court unconstitutional unless three-fourths of
the judges so decide.
21. All state work to be done, not by con-
tract, but directly by the state.
22. The development of co-operative trade
and industry and enactment of needed legisla-
tion favorable to that purpose.
23. Complete restoration at the earliest po*
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
790
sible moment of all fundamental -political
rights— free speech, free press and free as-
semblage: the removal of all war time re-
straints upon the interchange of ideas and the
movement of people among: communities and
nations, and the liberation of all persons held
in prison or indicted under charges due to
their championship of the rights of labor or
their patriotic insistence upon the rights guar-
anteed to them by the constitution.
SOCIALIST 1917 PLATFORM.
(Preamble omitted.)
Political Demands.
1. Complete adult suffrage by the elimina-
tion of all sex. residential and educational
qualifications, by the abolition of all registra-
tion fees._poll taxes or other impediments to
voting.
ranchisement of those who have
. .
declared their intention to become citizens and
have resided in this country one year.
2. Democratic control of the government
through a constitutional amendment providing
for the initiative, referendum and recall.
3. Effective voting and proportional
sentation on all legislative bodies.
repre-
4. The abolition of the power of the courts
to make and unmake laws because of alleged
unconstitutionally or other grounds.
5. Rigid maintenance of the right of free
press, speech and assemblage in peace and in
war.
Economic Demands.
1. National ownership and democratic con-
trol of the railroads, telegraphs and tele-
phones, steamship lines and all other social
means of transportation, communication, stor-
age and distribution.
2. Nationalization of banking and of social-
ly beneficial kinds of insurance.
3. Direct loans to municipalities and states
at cost.
Further Demands.
The following measures do not exhaust by
any means the ways by which the workers
can be helped to freedom. They are com-
piled as suggestive of further activity to
that end.
1. Abolition of the senate and the veto
power of the president.
2. Direct election of the president and vice-
president.
3. Immediate curbing of the power of the
courts to issue injunctions.
4. Direct election of all judges of the United
States courts for short terms.
5. Free administration of law and the crea-
tion of public defenders.
Industrial Demands.
1. Complete abolition of child labor.
2. A legal minimum wage based on the
ascertained cost of a decent standard of life.
3. Full protection for migratory and unem-
ployed workers from oppression.
4. Abolition of private employment, de-
tective and strike breaking agencies, and the
extension of the federal employment bureau.
5. A shorter work day in keeping with in-
creased industrial productivity.
6. An uninterrupted rest period of one and
a half days in each week.
7. Freedom of industrial and political activ-
ities of the workers.
General Demands.
1. Taxation to be raised from graduated
taxes on incomes and inheritances and from
site values.
2. Adequate higher educational facilities for
the entire youth of the nation, and such con-
tribution to family resources as will enable
the youth to remain in contact with such fa-
cilities until they are fully equipped for their
economic and social careers.
3. Government support, by loans and other
methods, to farmers' and workers' co-opera-
tive organizations.
4. The retention and extension of the pub-
lic domain and the conservation and full de-
velopment of natural resources by the nation.
5. Pensions for mothers, for invalidity, and
old age.
WOMAN SUFFRAGE.
Nationwide woman suffrage in the United
States was made possible in 1919 when the
66th congress at its first session adopted a
joint resolution proposing an amendment,
popularly known as the Susan B. Anthony
amendment, to the federal constitution ex-
tending the right of suffrage to women. The
resolution was as follows: .
"Resolved, by the senate and house of rep-
resentatives of the United States of America
in congress assembled (two-thirds of each
house concurring therein). That the following
article is proposed as an amendment to the
constitution, which shall be valid to all in-
tents and purposes as part of the constitution
when ratified by the legislatures of three-
fourths of the several states.
" 'Article — . The right of citizens of the
United States shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by any state on ac-
count of sex.
" 'Congress shall have the power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.1 "
In the 65th congress a similar resolution
was passed by the house of representatives
Jan. 10, 1918. by a vote of 274 yeas to 136
nays. In the senate progress was slow and
on Sept. 30 President Wilson made a per-
sonal appeal for the passage of the resolution.
two-thirds vote was not attained and the
measure failed. Ou. the ; first day of the spe-
cial session of the 66th congress. May 19.
1919. Representative James. R.. Mann of Illi-
nois introduced the Susan B. Anthony resolu-
tion in the house and on .May 21 it was
adopted by a vote of 304 to 88, the neces-
sary two-thirds total being 262. The bulk of
the opposition came from southern democrats.
Only sixteen republicans . voted against the
resolution.
In the senate efforts were made to delay the
adoption of the resolution, but these were un-
successful and a vote was taken on Jun3 4.
The resolution was adopted by a vote of 66
to 25. receiving two votes more than the
requisite two-thirds of the senators voting.
The republicans voting- in the negative were:
Borah. Brandegee. Dillingham, Knox. Lodge,
McLean. Moses and Wadsworth. The demo-
crats voting no were: Bankhead. Beckham,
Dial. Fletcher. Gay. Harrison. Hitchcock, Over-
man. Reed. Simmons. Smith (Md.). Smith (S.
C.). Swanson. Trammell. Underwood. Williams
and Wolcott.
The resolution was drafted, substantially in
the form in which it was eventually passed
by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady
Stanton in 1875. It was first introduced by
A vote was taken on Oct. 1. but the necessary Senator A. A. Sargent of California in 1878.
800
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
It was defeated in the senate in 1887, 1914,
1918 ?nd once in 1919. In the house it was
defeated in 19-15 by a vote of 174 yeas to
Immediately after the passage of the resolu-
tion by congress strong- efforts were made to
secure its ratification by the state legislatures
in order to permit the women of all the states
in the union to take part in the presidential
election of 1920. Illinois was the first state
to ratify the amendment and was closely fol-
lowed by Wisconsin and Michigan, all taking
favorable action on June 10. Up to Nov. 28,
1919, the recoM stood as follows:
Number necessary to carry amendment, 36.
Stat°s voting for ratificrtion, 19.
States voting against ratification 2. .
The list of states voting for ratification and
of those voting against ratification follows, the
dates being all in 1919:
For Ratification.
Illinois-June 10.
Wise, nsin— vne JO.
Michigan— June 10.
Kansas— June 16.
New Yo-k— June 16.
Ohio — June 16.
p"ni«-"i^'nip— June 24.
Massachusetts— June
25.
Texas— June 28.
Afiainst Ratification.
Georgia— July 24. I Alabama— Sept. 17.
lowa-^July 2.
Missouri— July 3.
Arkansas— July 28.
Montana-^Tuly 30.
Nebraska— Aug. 2.
Minnesota— Sept. 8.
N. Hampshire — Sept 10
Ut"h— Sept. 30.
California— Nov. 1.
MMne— Nov. 5.
ELECTION
PRESIDENTIAL.
Every fourth year. Next election Nov. 2. 1920.
STATE.
Gubernatorial if not otherwise specified.
Alabama — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 7. 1922.
Arizona— Biennially : first Tuesday after first
Monday in November. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
Arkansas— Biennially: second Monday in Sep-
tember. Next election Sept. 13. 1920.
California— Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 7. 1922.
Colorado — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
officers except attorney-gen-
attorney-general quadrenni-
ion Nov. 2. 1920.
fourth year. Next election
Next election
Next election Nov. 2.
Connecticu
eral bienn
ally. Ncx
Delaware —
Nov. 2. 1920.
Florida — Every fourth year.
Nov. 2. 1920.
Georgia— Biennially .
1920.
Id-ho— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2. 1920.
Illinois— Governor, lieutenant-governor, secre-
tary of state, auditor and attorney-general
evc-T fourth year. Next election Nov. 2,
1920. State treasurer biennially. Next elec-
tion Nov. 2. 1920.
Indiana — Governor, every fourth year. Next
election Isov. 2. 1920. Other staxe officers
biennially. Next election Nov. 2. 1920.
Iowa — Governor, lieutenant-governor, superin-
tendent of instruction, ono justice of the Su-
preme court and one railroad commissioner
biennially. Next election Nov. 2, 1920.
Kansas — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
Kentucky— Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 6. 1923.
Louisiana — Every fourth year; third Tuesday
in April. Next election Anril 20. 1920.
Mnine— Biennially; second Monday in Septem-
ber. ><exr, election Sept. 13, 1920.
Maryland— ^' very fourth year. Next election
Nov. fl. 1923.
WOMAN SUFFRAGE STATES.
Women in 1919 have the right to vote in
the following states:
Alaska (ter- Illinois.* Oklahoma.
ritory) . Kansas. Oregon.
Arizona. Michigan. Utah.
California. Montana. South Dakota.
Colorado. Nevada. Washington.
Idaho. New York. Wyoming.
*For offices not mentioned in state consti-
tution.
States allowing partial suffrage to women
pre: Arkansas. Connecticut, Delaware, Florida.
Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Min-
nesota. Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska. New
Hampshire. New Jersey, New Mexico, North
Dakota. Ohio (defeated full suffrage in 1912
pnd 1914). Tennessee, Texas. Vermont and
Wisconsin.
The legislatures of Indiana. Missouri, Ten-
nessee and Wisconsin passed laws in 1919 giv-
i^g women the right to vote for presidential
electors.
PROGRESS OF SUFFRAGE IN FOREIGN
COUNTRIES.
The South African parliament adopted a
woman suffrage law on April 4. 1919.
May. 1919. the Swedish riksdag granted
women full suffrage.
Italy, in September. 1919, granted women
the political administrative vote. The eham-
, ber of deputies was almost unanimous in vot-
i ing for the measure.
CALENDAR.
Massachusetts— Annually. Next election Nov.
2. 1920.
Michigan— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
Minnesota— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
Mississippi— Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 6. 1923.
Missouri — Principal state officers every fourth
year. Next election of governor, lieutenant-
governor, secretary of state, auditor, treas-
urer and attorney -general Nov. 2. 1920.
Montana — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 2. 1920.
Nebraska — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
Nevada — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 7. 1922.
New Hampshire — Biennially. Next election
Nov. 2. 1920.
New Jersey — Governor every third year, other
officers appointed. Next election Nov. 7.
1922.
Naw Mexico — Every fourth year, on Tuesday
after the first-Monday in November. Next
election Nov. 2, 1920.
New York— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
North Carolina — Every fourth year. Next elec«
tion Nov. 2, 1920.
North Dakota— Biennially. Next election Nov.
2. 1920.
Ohio — Governor, lieutenant-governor, state
treasurer and attorney-general biennially.
Next election Nov. 2. 1920. Secretary of
state and dairy and food commissioner bien-
nially. Next election Nov. 2, 1920.
Oklahoma — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 7. 1922.
Oregon— Every fourth year. Next election Nov.
7. 1922.
Pennsylvania — Governor, liev tenant-governor
and sec^tary of int/"nnl pffpi-s rvery fourth
yppr. Next election Nov. 7. 1922.
Rhod" Island— Biennially. Next election Nov.
2. 19°0.
South Carolina— Biennially. Next election Nov.
2. 1920.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
801
South Dakota — Biennially. Next election Nov.
2. 1920.
Tennessee— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
Texas— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2. 1920.
Utah— Every fourth year. Next election Nov.
2. 1920.
Vermont— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
Virginia — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 8. 1921.
Washington— Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 2, 1920.
West Virginia— Every fourth year. Next elec-
tion Nov. 2. 1920.
Wisconsin — Biennially. Next election, Nov. 2,
1920.
Wyoming— Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 2, 1920.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1920.
The next president and vice-president of the
United States will be chosen Nov. 2, 1920.
Electors will then be voted for directly by
the people on the party tickets. These elec-
tors meet in their respective states on the
second Monday in January, 1921, and ballot
for president and vice-president of the United
States. On the second Wednesday in Febru-
ary the electoral votes are opened and count-
ed in the presence of both houses of con-
gress and the result is announced by the
president of the senate. The successful can-
didates are sworn in March 4 following-.
Many of the states have presidential prefer-
ence primaries, but the candidates are actu-
ally chosen by delegates to the national party
conventions held in the spring- and summer
preceding- the election.
NONPARTISAN LEAGUE MOVEMENT IN
NORTH DAKOTA.
Considerable attention was directed in the
summer and fall of 1918 to the progress of
the National Nonpartisan league, especially in
North Dakota, where it was most successful,
electing its candidates for state offices and car-
rying a number of proposed amendments to
the state constitution of a somewhat radical
character. It was and is chiefly a farmers'
movement and as such has many adherents
throughout the northwest. Fpllowing are the
amendments to the state constitution of North
Dakota advocated by the Nonpartisan league
and approved by popular vote at the election
of Nov. 5. 1918:
Permitting bond issues for public owned proj-
ects: a more workable form of the initiative,
referendum and recall: amendment of the state
constitution through the initiative and refer-
endum: public ownership of industries: state
controlled rural credit banks operated at cost
and compulsory state hail insurance.
The state platform of the league also advo-
cated the creation of a state labor and employ-
ment bureau and state insurance on all public
and farm buildings.
OGLESBY MONUMENT IN CHICAGO.
On Nov. 21, 1919. a bronze statue of Rich-
ard J. Oglesby, former governor of Illi-
nois, was unveiled in Lincoln park, Chicago,
with fitting ceremonies. It was presented by
State Senator Martin B. Bailey of Danville,
as chairman of the monument commission,
and was accepted by Gov. Frank O. Lowden,
who said in part:
"I think I may say without detraction
that no man in all our history was ever so
close to the hearts of the people of Illinois as
Richard J. Oglesby. His career recounted in
simple words upon the bronze plate beyond
the statue reads like a romance. I am very
happy to-day, in the name of the state of
Illinois, to receive with commendation this
noble statue erected to the memory of Rich-
ard J. Oglesby."
Mrs. Oglesby. Lieut .-Gov. John G. Oglesby,
Miss Felicite Oglesby and Richard J. Oglesby
II. were present as guests of honor of the
state of Illinois.
The statue is the work of the sculptor
Leonard Crunelle.
DIRIGIBLE DESTROYED BY LIGHTNING.
The British dirigible NS-11 ran into a storm
and was struck by lightning while over the
North sea off the Norfolk coast, England,
July 14. 1919. The craft fell in a mass of
flames and its entire crew of two officers and
ten men perished. The NS-11 was of the
nonrigid type and had been used during the
war in spotting enemy submarines and mines.
CHICAGO WATERWORKS SYSTEM.
The following table shows the growth of
Chicago's waterworks system by decades since
1854. when the first large pumping station at
Chicago avenue and the lake was built, and by
years since 1900:
•Population Gallons Gallons
using city pumped per Total
Year. water. per day. capita, revenue.
1854. 65,000 591.000 9.1 $58.105.00
1860. 109,000 4,704.000 43.1 131.162.00
1870. 307,000 21.766.000 70.9 539.180.00
1880. 503.000 57.384,000114.1 865.618.35
1890.1,107,000 152.372.000 137.6 2.109,508.00
1900.1.727.566 322.683.000 186.8 3.250.481.85
1901 . 1,776.236 342.901.000 193.0 3,370.600.88
1902.1.824.906 358,179,000 196.3 3,611.558.81
1903.1.873,576 376.000.000 200.7 3,689,625.80
1904.1.922.266 399.065.000 207.6 3.834,541.30
1905.1.970.936 410.930.000 208.5 4.019.205.88
1906.2.019.606 437.059.000 216.4 4.281.065.50
1907.2.068.276 455.194.000 220.1 4.450.349.61
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
.116.946 469.282.000 221.7 4.648.299.54
.165.616 480.905.000 222.0 5.032.008.48
.214.286 518.579.000 234.2 5.448,257.55
.262.056 507.332.000 224.2 5.993.771.32
.345.315 551.324.000 235.1 6.263.234.75
1913 . .372.000 577.860.575 243.6 6.560.042.21
1914 . 2.393 325 613 323 61 6 254- 2 6 458 514.83
1915.2.447.504 606.707.671 24«!o 6.180.732.92
1916.2.491.933 619.803 OOO 249 .0 6.597.995.07
1917.2 571 941 R31 433 000 °4-5 0 7 188 293.33
1918.2.621,419 657,900.000 251.0 7.497.447.23
•Estimated from United States government
census.
In 1918 the total amount of water pumped
was 243.744.960.000 gallons.
The pumning- stations, with the year of con-
struction of each, follow:
Chicago avenue. . . 1 854
Twenty-second st..l875
Harrison street. . .1889
Jefferson Park 1897
Rogers Park,
,.1899
Central Park 1900
Spriugfie?.d av 1901
Lake View 1892
Fourteenth street. 1892 Roseland 19K
Sixty-eighth st...l892 Mayfair 191<
Washington Hts..l892
The total daily capacity of the waterworks
in gallons is 1.056,000.000.
Other statistics: Number of taps, 307.813;
hydrants in use, 31,100: meters in use. 25,-
401; mileage of water pipe, 2.871.
EVANSTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
Incorporated November, 1898.
President — J. Seymour Currey.
Vice-President — Frank R. Grover.
Treasurer — John F. Hahn.
Secretary— William C. Levere.
The Evanston Historical society has rooms in
the Public Library building there. It has a li-
brary of 2.000 volumes. 1,000 pamphlets and a
large amount of historical data.
802
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
PKOGRESS OF CHICAGO SINCE 1850.
For corresponding data for 1918 and 1919 consult index.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Area sq. miles 14.0
17.9
35.6
35.6
179.1
190.6
Population 28.269
Valuation dols. 7.220.249
109.206
37.053.512
298.977
275.986.550
503.298
117.133.726
1,099,850
219.354,368
1.698,579
276.565.880
2.185.283
•848.994.536
Tax levy.. dols. 25.271
373,315
4,139,799
3.899.127
9.558.335
18.384.195
23.485.538
Bonded debt.. . .dols. 93.395
2.336.000
11.041.000
12.752.000
13.545.400
16.328.400
26,229.642
Receipts — Flour, brls
713.348
1.766.037
3.215,389
4.338.058
9.313,591
8.006.283
Wheat bu. 1.687.465
14.927.083
17,394.409
23.541.607
14.248.770
48.048.298
27.540.100
Corn bu. 2.869,339
15.862.394
20.189.775
97.272.844
91.387.754
134.663.456
102,592.850
Total grain bu. 6.928,459
37,235.027
60.432.574
165.855.370
219.052,518
349.637.295
294,858.724
Cattle No
532,964
1.382.477
3,484.280
3,039.206
3.052,958
Shipments-
Flour brls. 100.871
698.132
1 705.977
2.862.737
4.134,586
7.396,697
7,038,351
Wheat bu. 883,644
12.402.197
16.432.585
22.796 288
11.975.276
36.649.956
18.679,100
Corn bu. 262.013
13.700.113
17.777.377
93.572.934
90.574.379
111,099.653
78.623.100
Total grain bu. 1.830.968
31.108.759
54.745.903
154.377.115
204,674,918
265.552.246
214.601.080
Hogs, packed No. 20,000
151.339
688.149
4.680.637
4.473.467
7,119.440
5.161.552
Imports, value. .dols
6.955.234
15,406.786
15.441.320
28.281.331
Vessel arrivals.. tons
3.049.265
4.616.969
5,138.253
7.044.995
9.439.074
Clearances tons
2.983.942
4.537.382
5.150.665
7,141.105
9.470.572
Manufactures, value
dols
20.000.000
92.518.742
249.022.948
664,567,927
888,945,311
tl,281, 313.000
Bank clearings.. dols
810.676.036
1.725.684,894 4
,093,145,904 (
i.799.535.598
13.939,689,984.43
Internal revenue col-
lections dols
8,395,132
8,936.615
13.518.996
13,391,410
11,652.567.87
National bank denos--\
r
its dols. I
State bank deposits f "
dols.J
16.774.514
64,764.000^
105.785.470
41.670.296
231,386,146
158,238,138
403,941.474
430,468.405
Postoffice rcpts..dols
1,071.842
1.446.014
3,318,989
7,063,704
18.502.854
Water used per day
gals. 590.000
4.703.525
21,766.260
57.384.376
352,372.288
322.599,630
517.117.000
Pipe miles 30.0
91.0
272.4
455.4
1.205.0
1.872.0
E.272
Revenue dols
131.162
539.180
865,618
2.109,508
3.250.481
5.685,006
Policemen No.
100
274
473
1,900
2.800
4,260
Schools No. 7
14
59
73
238
329
280
Teachers No. 35
123
572
898
2.711
5.321
6,383
Pupils No. 3.000
14.199
40.832
59,562
135.541
255,861
300.893
•One-third full value, tin 1909.
FREIGHT TUNNELS UNDER CHICAGO.
Underlying nearly all the streets in the central
business section of Chicago are sixty miles of
tunnels connecting the freight terminals of the
railroads with commercial houses. The tunnels
are provided with narrow-gauge (2 ft.) electric
railroads equipped with electric locomotives and
steel cars. These are used chiefly in transport-
ing goods to and from railroad freight yards
and in carrying coal to business houses. Ex-
cavated and waste material from new buildings
is removed through the tunnels and disposed of.
permitting the work of construction to go on
without interruption. In 1914 the Chicago Utili-
ties company, which now owns the tunnel sys-
tem, had in operation 117 electric motors and
3.000 coal, freight and other cars. In addition
it had charge of some 24.000 telephones.
The original franchise for the tunnel system
was granted Feb. 20, 1899, to the Illinois Tele-
phone and Telegraph company, which was organ-
ized in 1898 by A. G. Wheeler and associates
for the purpose of establishing an independent
telephone system. By an amendatory ordinance
granted July 15. 1903, the company was given the
right to construct and operate a subway system
for the transportation of mail matter, news-
papers, packages and freight generally. The
tunnels are 19 feet below city datum or 33 feet
below the surface of the streets, the trunk line
tunnels being limited in size to 12 feet 9 inch-
es in width by 14 feet in height, and the smaller
ones to 6 feet in width and 7 feet 6 inches in
height. Part of the tunnel system was put into
operation Aug. 15, 1906, but the whole of it was
not in use until Sept. 1, 1907.
The Illinois Telephone and Telegraph company
was succeeded in October. 1903. by the Illinois
Tunnel company, which was followed in Novem-
ber, 1904, by the Chicago Subway company. The
property of the Subway company and underly-
ing concerns was acquired in April. 1912. by the
Chicago Utilities company, the authorized capi-
tal stock of which is $53.000.000.
TUNNELS UNDER CHICAGO RIVER.
Washington Street— Built 1867-1869: length. 1.605
feet: cost $517.000; rebuilt 1909-1911.
LaSalle Street— Built 1869-1871: length. 1.890 feet;
cost $566.000; rebuilt 1909-1912; length. 2,000
feet: cost $1.200.000.
Van Buren Street— Built 1891-1892: length. 1.614
feet: cost $1.000.000: rebuilt 1909-1912.
All used for street railway purposes.
Year. Mayor. Dem. Re
1900-1. .Harrison, Dem. .27 39
1901-2. .Harrison. Dem. .29 38
1902-3. .Harrison. Dem. .30 39
1903-4. .Harrison, Dem. .32 36
1904-5. .Harrison. Dem .32 35
1905-6. .Dunne. Dem.
.32 37
1906-7. .Dunne. Dem.
.36 34
1907-8. .Busse. Rep. .
.36 34
1908-9. .Busse, Rep. .
.26 43
1909-10. Busse. Rep..
.29 41
PAST POLITICAL COMPLEXION OF CITY COUNCIL.
From 1900 to 1919.
Rep. Ind.Soc.Prgr. I Year. Mayor. Dem. Rep. Ind.Soc.Prg1.
4 .. . . I 191 0-11. Busse. Rep 38 32
3 .. ..! 191 1-12. Harrison. Dem. .42 28
1 .. .. 1912-13. Harrison. Dem. .45
1 1 . . 1913-14. Harrison. Dem. .45
2 1 . . 1914-1 5. Harrison. Dem. .39
1915-16. Thompson, Rep. 27
191 6-1 7. Thompson. Rep. 32
1917-18. Thompson. Rep. 42
1918-19. Thompson, Rep. 45
1919-20. Thompson. Rep. 43
24
21
21
36
36
24
22
27
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
803
>£I(iHBQAHQOD IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS.
Following is a partial list of associations; of
citizens, business men and others in Chicago
organized for the improvement of certain
neighborhoods or localities and the promotion
of local and general interests. Additions to
the list will be made in future editions of
The Daily News Almanac and Year-Book and
corrections will be welcome.
Active Clul>— Secretary, Robert E. Elwell, 2142
West Madison street.
Better Transportation League— Secretary. Tomaz
F. Deuther, 1152 North Ashland avenue.
Belmont Avenue Merchants' Club— Secretary.
E. Olson, 1042 Belmont avenue.
Buena Park Citizens' Association— Secretary.
Thomas C. Kiely. 801 Buena avenue.
Fullerton Avenue Business Men's Association—
i Secretary, Herman G. Redwanz, 1537 Ful-
lerton avenue.
Greater Chicago Federation— Secretary, Tomaz
F. Deuther, 1152 North Ashland avenue.
Hyde Park Business Men's Association— Secre-
tary. James L. Darby, 1006 East 55th street.
Hyde Park Improvement Association— Secre-
tary, Fred J. How, 1545 East 53d street.
Kenwood Improvement Association — Secretary,
R. H. Norton, 1343 East 47th street.
Lake View Property Owners' Association— Sec-
retary, Jas. S. Prendergrast, 1254 Arthur-st.
Lawndale Civic Center— Secretary. Rose Mar-
cus, 3716 Douglas boulevard.
Lincoln Avenue Business Men's Associatioi
Secretary, E. H. Drach,
and Belmont avenues.
Lincoln, Ashland
Lincoln, Robey and Irving- Park Business Men's
Association — Second vice-president, George H.
Cuny, 6522 Bosworth avenue.
Maywood Commercial Association— Secretary.
F. B. Davies. 1600 South lst-av., Maywood.
Milwaukee and Armitage Business Men's As-
sociation— Vice-president, Bert Hamburg, 2420
Armitage avenue.
North Avenue Merchants' Association— Treas-
urer, O. G. Roehling, North Avenue State
Bank.
North Central Improvement Association— Sec-
retary, Charles W. Folds. 208 South La Salle
street: superintendent, William B. Johnson
907 Rush street.
North Clark Street Business Men's Association
—President, E. J. Lindsten, 3211 N. Clark-st.
North Side Commercial Association— 3810
Broadway, room 6: secretary. Miss Grace G.
Marsh.
North-West Side Commercial Association— Sec-
retary, Tomaz F. Deuther. 1152 North Ash-
land avenue. "
Ravenswood Improvement Association— Secre-
tary, 2015 Wilson avenue.
Rogers Park Improvement Association— Secre-
tary, Peter Phillip. 7005 North Clark street.
Seventy-First Street Association of Commerce
—Vice-president, R. C. Duncan. 418 E. 71st-st.
South Park Improvement Association— Secre-
tary, Austin H. Parker, 1500 East 57th-st.
South State Street Improvement Association —
Executive secretary. Leo Heller. 140 South
Dearborn street.
Thru-Streets Association of Chicago — Secretary,
Tomaz F. Deuther, 1152 N. Ashland avenue.
West Madison Street Business Men's Associa-
tion—President, J. T. Counsell, 2330 West
Madison street.
PUBLIC SCHOOL COMMUNITY CENTERS.
Open 7:30 to 9:30 o'clock on evenings named.
Following is a list of public school com-
munity centers with names of principals:
Agassiz — 2851 North Seminary avenue; Lina
A. Troendle; Monday and Friday.
Armstrong — 7051 North Pingree street; Azile
B. Reynolds: Tuesday and Thursday.
Avalon Park — 81st and Dorchester avenue;
Edith P. Shepherd: Tuesday and Thursday.
Avondale — 2915 North Sawyer avenue; John
D. Stehman: Tuesday and Friday.
Beaubien — 5025 North Laramie avenue; Sara
J. O'Keefe: Tuesday and Friday.
Brentano — 2723 North Fairfield avenue:
Wil-
liam M. Roberts: Tuesday, Wednesday and
Thursday.
Budlong— 2701 W^st Foster avenue; Minnie M.
Jamieson: Monday and Wednesday.
Burnside— 650 East 91st place; Frank W.
Rieder: Tuesday and Thursday.
Burr — 1621 Wabansia avenue; Samuel R.
Meek; Friday.
Byford— 5600 Iowa street: Novella M. Close;
Tuesday and Thursday.
Chase— 2021 Point street: Solon S. Dodge:
Tuesday and Thursday.
Clarke— 1310 South Albany avenue: George A.
Beers: Wednesday and Friday.
Olay— 13231 Burley avenue; Flora V. Renaud:
Wednesday and Thursday.
Clearing — South Central avenue and 55th
street: Moses Maier: Tuesday and Friday.
Cleveland — 3850 North Albany avenue; Lewis
W. Colwell; Tuesday and Friday.
Colman — 4655 Dearborn street; Frances
Rogers: Tuesday and Friday.
G.
Delano — 3937 Wilcox street: Gebrandus A.
Osinga: Monday and Thursday.
Earle— 6121 South Hermitage avenue; Ira C.
Baker: Monday and Friday.
Eberhart— 3400 West 65th place: Mrs. Helen
Blanchard: Tuesday and Friday.
Ericsson— 2930 Harrison street; Otto M. Beck-
er; Tuesday.
Farragut— 2330 South Spaulding avenue: Al-
bert W. Evans: Friday.
Farren— 5030 South Waba.sh avenue: Isabella
Dolton; Monday and Thursday.
Field— 7019 North Ashland avenue: Albert L.
Stevenson: Tuesday and Friday.
Gallistel— 10347 Ewing avenue; James H.
Henry; Tuesday and Friday.
Gladstone— 1231 South Robey street— Henry S.
Vaile; Monday and Thursday.
Gray— 3810 North Laramie avenue: Ella R.
Connell; Tuesday and Friday.
Hanson Park— 2148 North Long avenue: Fan-
nie L. Marble; Tuesday.
Harrison High— 2850 24th street boulevard;
Frank L. Morse: Wednesday.
Haugan — 4540 North Hamlin avenue: Thomas
C. Johnson: Monday and Thursday.
Holmes— 5525 South Morgan street: Daniel A
Tear; Tuesday and Friday.
Howe— 720 Lorel avenue: Mary E. Vance:
Monday and Thursday.
Rowland— 1604 South Spaulding avenue:
Frederick M. Sisson; Tuesday and Friday.
Hyde Park High— 6220 Stony Island avenue:
Hiram B. Loomis: Friday.
Jackson— 820 South Sholto street: William
Hedges: Tuesday and Thursday.
Kinzie— 150 West Ohio street: Visa McLaugh-
lin: Tuesday and Friday.
Kelvyn Park — 4343 Wrightwood avenue:
Charles E. Ostrander; Tuesday, Thursday and
Friday.
Kershaw— 6431 South Union avenue; William
Radebaugh: Tuesday and Thursday.
Lane High— 1225 Sedgwick street: William J.
Bogan: Friday.
Le Moyne— 845 Waveland avenue: Abigail C.
Ellings: Friday.
Lewis-Champlin — 320 West Englewood avenue;
Samuel B. Allison; Tuesday and Thursday
Lloyd— 2103 North Lamon avenue: Jacob H.
Hauch: Tuesday and Thursday.
804
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Marsh— 9810 South Exchange avenue; Frank-
lin C. Donecker; Friday.
McCormick— 2720 South Sawyer avenue; Wil-
liam H. Chamberlin; Friday.
Morgan Park High— 11043 Hermosa avenue;
William Schoch; Tuesday and Friday.
Nettelhorst— 3252 Broadway; George W. Davis;
Tuesday and Friday.
Norwood Park— 5900 Nina avenue; William L.
Smyser: Tuesday and Friday.
Orr— 4350 Augusta street; Katharine A. Rior-
dan; Wednesday
Otis— 525 Armour street; John H. Duggan;
Tuesday and Friday.
Parkside — East End avenue and 69th street:
Jane S. Atwater; Tuesday and Thursday.
Portage Park— 5330 Berteau avenue; Wash-
ington D. Smyser: Tuesday and Friday.
Bay— 5631 Kimbark avenue; Arthur O. Rape;
Friday.
Raymond — 3633 South Wabash avenue; John
L. Lewis: Tuesday and Thursday.
Ryder— 8716 Wallace street; Minnie M. Tall-
man; Monday and Thursday.
Sea nlan— 11725 Perry avenue; Harriette T.
Treadwell; Tuesday and Friday.
Skinner — 1068 West Jackson boulevard; Caro-
line J. Utter; Tuesday and Thursday.
Smyth— 1059 West 13th street: William R.
Hornbaker; Monday and Thursday.
Sullivan — 83d street, near Houston avenue;
Anna F. Mullay; Thursday.
Sumner — 715 South Kildare avenue: Edgar W.
Trout: Monday and Thursday.
Thorp, Ole A.— 6024 Warwick avenue; Mary F.
Marnell; Tuesday and Thursday.
Warren— 9210 Chappel avenue: Mrs. Edith P.
Shepherd: Wednesday and Friday.
Waters— 2519 Wilson avenue; Esther Morgan:
Monday and Thursday.
Wells— 936 North Ashland avenue: George B.
Masslich: Monday. Tuesday, Wednesday and
Thursday.
CHICAGO'S WELCOME TO WAR VETERANS.
Chicago in the course of 1919 welcomed
home thousands of her sons and many of
their comrades on their return from the world
war and also remembered in various ways
those who fell in battle or died from wounds
and disease. The soldiers and sailors began
coming in January and they were still com-
ing though in far fewer numbers in Novem-
ber. They came by little groups, by bat-
talions and by regiments; some were given
public greetings on a large scale, others were
entertained in a more quiet fashion, while
still others, arriving unannounced, failed to
find a welcome of any kind. This was no-
body's fault, but was simply due to the mul-
tiplicity of disembarking points in the city
and the inability of the welcoming bodies to
be in so many places at once. Some were
even whisked around the city on the belt lines
and did not see their relatives or friends un-
til they returned from some demobilization
camp.
The first large detachment to arrive was the
333d field artillery regiment belonging to the
Blackhawk division. It consisted of 1,430
men who paraded in the loop and were enter-
tained at luncheon in various downtown hotels
before proceeding to Camp Grant for demob-
ilization.
On Jan. 17, 1,100 veteran fighting men of
the 118th (heavy) artillery, Dixie division,
arrived after having been mustered out at
Camp Grant. They had passed through the
city on the llth of the month without the
knowledge of the welcoming committees.
Later in the month arrangements were made
for properly welcoming the Illinois soldiers on
their arrival at New York.
On Feb. 3, 1,046 men of the 311th ammu-
nition train and field signal battalion of the
Blackhawk division were welcomed.
The 331st field artillery regiment, 1,285
strong, from the Blackhawk division, and 250
•casuals came home Feb. 13.
The 370th infantry, better known locally
as the "old 8th" Illinois, came back to Chi-
cago Feb. 17 and the colpred soldiers, scores
of whom had won decorations for valor, were
given a cordial welcome by the citizens with-
out distinction as to color. There were 1,441
men in the parade which passed through the
loop streets.
More Blackhawk men came home on Feb.
22. They formed the 332d field artillery regi-
ment, 1.648 strong. With them in the parade
marched 500 other men from Illinois and
Wisconsin, all bound for Camp Grant.
March 10 another contingent of colored sol-
diers arrived and paraded. These were the
•365th regiment of the "'Buffalo" or 92d division.
On the evening of March 21 the lObth trench
mortar battery of the 33d or "Prairie" di-
vision. 270 men, arrived. These were fol-
lowed on April 6 by some 500 men from the
17th engineer regiment, the Blackhawk and
Prairie divisions.
April 7 469 men of a tank corps consist-
ing of Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan and Min-
nesota troops paraded in the loop and were
given a luncheon at a downtown hotel. On
April 15 the 72d coast artillery corps of 1,196
men passed through the city. On the 19th
of April hospital units 12 and 13 from the
Northwestern and Presbyterian hospitals, 270
men. received a warm welcome. Then on
April 30 hospital unit No. 14 arrived. There
were 161 men in this unit. On May 1 came
hospital unit No. 11 with 210 men. Nurses
of hospital unit No. 12, to Ihe number of
sixty, arrived the next day. May 3 a number
of casuals from the 149th artillery regiment
or "Reilly's Bucks" preceded their comrades
and were welcomed by a Red Cross canteen
team. On May 5 forty woman nurses of hos-
pital unit No. 12 were cheered by throngs
of friends.
May 8 was a great day in Chicago, for then
the main body of Col. Henry J. Reilly's regi-
ment, the 149th field artillery, came back and
received a royal welcome in spite of rain and
cold weather. There were 1,414 of them, with
an additional battalion of 370 men from the
167th Minnesota infantry regiment. Gov.
Frank O. Lowden, Maj.-Gen.' Wood and other
distinguished men were among those who paid
tribute to the gunners and their officers who
had been through some of the severest fight-
ing in the war.
May 12 was another big day in Chicago's
history, for then the 13th engineers, 1.075
men. chiefly railroaders, arrived after serving
two years in France and distinguishing them-
selves in many ways. The preparations for
their reception were unusually elaborate and
the program was carried out in a manner be-
fitting the occasion.
The 309th field signal battalion. 1st army
artillery park and 119th field artillery evacu-
ation hospital, 352 men, arrived the next day.
Nearly 5.000 men of the 33d division ar-
rived at New York, May 17 and were officially
welcomed in the harbor by Gov. Lowden and
many others. Efforts to have the whole divi-
sion parade in Chicago were made, but the war
department declared that the plan was imprac-
ticable and it was abandoned. Nevertheless a
fine showing was made by the men who
arrived in Chicago and paraded. There were
6.246 men in all belonging to the division
headquarters, the 65th infantry brigade head-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
805
quarters, the 130th infantry (old 4th Illinois),
commanded by Col. John V. Clinnin. the 132d
infantry (old 2d Illinois), commanded by Col.
Abel Davis, the 122d, 123d and 124th machine
gun battalions, the 108th mobile ordnance re-
pair detachment and the railroad detachment.
The parade was viewed by Gov. Lowden, Maj.-
Gen. Wood, Maj.-Gen. George Bell, Jr., and
many other notable civilians and military men.
The soldiers and officers were entertained at
luncheon at the downtown hotels.
Equally hearty was the reception given to
another contingent of Chicago and other Illi-
nois soldiers who arrived on June 1 and 2.
This included the 131st infantry (old 1st Illi-
nois) commanded by Col. Joseph B. Sanborn.
the 129th infantry regiment (old 3d Illinois)
commanded by Col. George Meyers, the 108th
train headquarters, the 108th ammunition
train (part of old 7th Illinois) and the 108th
military police, comprising altogether 5,642
men. All were given a rousing- welcome of
the same description as that accorded their
predecessors.
On June 5 came the 58th artillery brigade
headquarters, the 122d field artillery (old 1st
cavalry) commanded by Col. Milton J Fore-
man, the 124th field artillery (old 3d Illinois
artillery) commanded by Col. H. B. Hackett,
the 108th engineer regiment, the 108th sani-
tary train and the 108th field signal battalion,
numbering- in all 5,975 men. The welcome
given these veterans was as enthusiastic as
that received on earlier dates by other Illi-
"july 2, 3 and 6 saw the arrival and wel-
coming1 of the 311th engineer regiment of
1.200 men. the 602d engineer regiment and
the 410th telegraph battalion. The 106th en-
gineers, the 346th field remount squadron and
a larg-e number of casuals came July 11. and
on July 24 the 803d pioneer infantry arrived.
On Aug. 14 the 5th and 6th regiments of
the 4th brigade, 2d division. United States
marines, came to Chicago and on Aujr. 23
2 500 of these fighters on land and sea
paraded in Chicago before great crowds of
This ended the formal demonstrations in
honor of the returning- war heroes, though
many more arrived later in smaller contingents
or as individuals. The majority of the sol-
diers honored in Chicago were demobilized at
Camp Grant near Rockford.
GEN. PERSHING COMMENDS 33D DIVISION.
When. Maj.-Gen. George Bell, Jr.. arrived
in New York on the Mount Vernon with a
part of the 33d division. May 17, 1919. he
made public the following- letter from Gen.
John J. Pershing-:
"American Expeditionary Forces, Offices of
the Commander in Chief, France, April 23.
1919
"Maj.-Gen. George Bell. Commanding 33d
Division, A. E. F.
"My Dear Gen. Bell:
"It afforded me great satisfaction to inspect
the 33d division at Ettelbruck on April 22
and to extend at that time to the officers and
men of your command my congratulations on
their fine appearance and appreciation of their
splendid record while in France.
"The division has had an interesting and
varied battle experience. One of these was to
be schooled with the British expeditionary
forces. It arrived in France toward the end
of May. 1918. when it trained with the 4th
army. Although as a division it did not en-
ter the line here, yet the majority of the or-
ganizations had hard fighting experience be-
fore they left the British sector.
"On July 4 part of the 131st and 132d
regiments of infantry, brigaded with Australian
troops, successfully attacked Hamel and the
Hamel and Vaire woods. On Aug. 9 the 131st
infantry, under the 5th British division, suc-
cessfully attacked Chipilly ridge and the Gres-
saire woods, an operation made especially
difficult by the character of the terrain.
"Toward the end of August the division
joined the 1st American army in the Toul
sector, remaining in reserve until Sept. 5. On
Sept. 10 it relieved a French division in the
Blercourt area, sputhwest of Verdun.
"It took part in the opening of the great
Meuse-Argonne offensive, capturing the Bois
des Forges and occupying the sector facing
the Meuse river. Beginning with Oct. 8 it
participated in the operation east of the
Meuse, pressing vigorous attacks on the llth.
12th and 13th in the vicinity of Consenvoye
and the Bois de Chaume and the Bois de
Platchene.
"It remained on a stream of the Meuse un-
til it was relieved on Oct. 21. in which en-
tire period it was constantly subject to heavy
artillery and machine gun fire from the heights
of the west bank, and was continually in
action.
"On Oct'. 26 it re-entered the line in the
Troyon sector, where it took part in the at-
tack of the 2d army, driving the enemy from
the towns of St. Hilaire and Marcheville and
occupying the towns of Burgeville and Riayille.
The division was advancing when hostilities
ended with the armistice.
"It is gratifying to see your troops in such
good physical shape and still more so to know
that the moral tone of all ranks is so high.
I believe that they will return with this high
standard to perform in the same way what-
ever tasks may lie before them in civil life.
They should go home proud of themselves
and of the part they have played, and con-
scious of the respect and admiration of their
comrades throughout the American expedi-
tionary forces. Sincerely yours,
"JOHN J. PERSHING."
LINCOLN MEMORIAL COMMISSION.
Chairman— William Howard Taft, New Haven,
Conn.
Joseph G. Cannon, Danville, 111. '
George P. Wetmore, Newport, R. I.
Samuel W. McCall. Winchester. Mass.
Congressman Champ Clark, Washington, D. C.
Senator Thomas S. Martin, Washington, D. C.
Secretary— Henry A. Vale. 2415 20th street.
Washington, D. C.
Executive and Disbursing Officer — Col. Clar-
ence S. Ridley. U. S. A.
The Linceln memorial commission was
created by an act of congress approved Feb.
9. 1911. to devise and construct a memorial
of Abraham Linc9ln in the city of Washing-
ton. D. C. A design submitted by Henry Ba-
con, a New York architect, was formally ac-
cepted by congress Feb. 9, 1913. The memorial,
which stands in Potomac park, is a colonnaded
edifice containing a statue of Abraham Lincoln,
a memorial of the Gettysburg speech, a me-
morial of the second inaugural address and a
symbol of the union of the states. Its cost
was limited to $2. 000, 000. Ground was
broken Feb. 12. 1914.
EMPLOYES ON THE CHICAGO CITY PAY
BOLL.
Average number in 1918.
General government 10,334
Public works 5.557
Waterworks 3.054
Board of education./. 12.319
Public library 575
Harbor and subway 44
Tuberculosis sanitarium .674
Total . 32.557
806
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ILLINOIS SENATORIAL DISTRICTS.
Established May 10. 1901.
The establishment of new ward lines by the
ordinance of Dec. 4. 1911, having made the
terms of the state senatorial apportionment act
of 1901 inapplicable or misleading so far as cou-
cerns Chicago, the districts lying within or part-
ly within the city are herewith described in
accordance with their street boundaries.
Dist.
1. From Lake Michigan west and south along
the Chicago river to 22d street, east to Clark,
south to 26th, west to Princeton avenue, soutii
to S2d, east to South Park avenue, south to
33d, east to the lake, northward along lake
shore to river. (South side.)
2. From South Racine avenue west on Madison
to North Ashland boulevard, north to Wash-
ington boulevard, west to Western avenue,
south to 12th, west to California avenue, south
to 16th. east to Laflin, north to Taylor, east
to Loomis, north to Van Buren, east to South
Racine avenue, north to Madison. (West side.)
3. From Clark street west on 22d to river,
southwest along river to Halsted, south to
34th, east to Union avenue, south to 35th,
east to Parnell avenue, south to 39th, east
to State, south to 43d, east to Lake Michigan,
northwest along lake shore to 33d, west to
South Park avenue, north to 32rl, west to
Princeton avenue, north to 26th, east to Clark,
north to 22d. (South side.)
4. From State street west on 39th to South
Cicero avenue, south to 55th. east to Rock
Island tracks, south to 57th place, east to
State, north to 39th. (Southwest side.)
6. From Lake Michigan west on 43d to State,
south to 71st, east to Cottage Grove avenue,
north to 63d, «ast to the lake, northwest along
lake shore to 43d. (South side.)
6. From Lake Michigan west on Devon avenue
to Clark, south to Irving Park boulevard,
east to Racine avenue, south to Fullerton
avenue, east to Halsted, south to North
avenue, west to river, along river northwest
to Belmont avenue, east to Western avenue,
north to Devon avenue, west to Kedzie. north
to Howard: also all that part of the town of
Evanston lying outside the city of Chicago, and
those parts of the towns of Niles and New
Trier lying within the city of Evaustou.
(North side.)
7. Towns of Thornton, Bloom, Rich, Bremen.
Orland, Lemoct,' Palos, Worth, Lyons, Stick-
ney, Proviso, Leyden, Elk Grove, Schaumberg,
Hanover. Barrington, Palatine. Wheeling.
Northfleld; that part of Niles outside the city
of Chicago and outside the city of Evanston:
that part of New Trier outside the city of
Evanston, and those parts of Abe towns of
Norwood Park and Maine outside of Chicago,
all in Cook county.
8. Lake. McHenry and Boone counties.
9. From Halsted street southwest along river
to Hoyne avenue, north to 16th. west to Cali-
fornia avenue, south and southwest along
C., B. & Q. tracks to Clifton Park avenue,
west to Central Park avenue, south to Illinois
and Michigan canal, southwest to 39th. east to
Parnell avenue, north to 35th. west to Union
avenue, north to 34th, west to Halsted, north
to river. (Southwest side.)
10. Ogle and Winnebago counties.
11. From State street west on 57th place to
Rock Island tracks, north to Garfield boule-
vard (55th street), west to South Cicero ave-
nue, south to 87th. east to Western avenue,
south to 107th. east to Halsted. north to 103d.
east to Stewart avenue, north to 99th. east to
State, north to 57th place. (Southwest side.)
12. Stephenson. Jo Daviess and Carroll counties.
IS. From Indiana avenue east on 138th to Illinois
and Indiana state line, north to Lake Michi-
gan, northwest alone lake shore to 63d, west
to Cottage Omve avenue, south to 71st. west
to State, south to 99th. west to Stewart ave-
nne, south to 103d. west to Halsted, south to
107th: and all that part of the town of Calu-
met ^lying outside the city of Chicago. (Soutn
14. Kane and Kendall counties.
15. From the river west on Maxwell to John-
son south to 14th. west to Throop. south to
16thl™weus-t to Hoyne avenue, south to Illinois
16. Marshall, Putnam, Livingston and Woodford
17 From the river west on Van Buren to
Loomis, south to Taylor, west to Laflin. south
to 16th. east to Throop. north to 14th, east
^to Johnson, north to Maxwell, east to river
along river northwest to Van Buren. (West
18. Peoria county.
19TlHnnm S°rtt\ff:i£er0 &VenUe *™t OH 39th to
[llinois and Michigan canal, northeast along
canal to Central Park avenue, north to 24th
east to Clifton Park avenue, north to C B
& Q. tracks, northeast along tracks to Cali-
fornia avenue, north to 12th. east to Western
avenue, north to Washington boulevard, west
to Homan avenue, north to Kinzie, west to
fcouth Cicero avenue, south to 12th. west to
Austin avenue: also the citv of Berwyn and
the town of Riverside. (West side )
20. Kankakee, Grundy and Iroquois counties.
21. From Ashland avenue west on Chicago ave-
nue to Park avenue, south to Lake, west to
Austin avenue, south to 12th. east to South
Kenton avenue, north to Kinzie. east to Ho-
man, south to Washington boulevard, east to
Ashland avenue, north to Kinzie, east to
Green, north to Milwaukee avenue, northwest
to Cornell west to Holt, north to Augusta,
west to Ashland avenue, south to Chicago
avenue. (West side.)
22. Vermilion and Edgar counties.
23. From Austin avenue east on Lake to Park
avenue.N north to Chicago avenue, east to
Ashland avenue, north to North avenue, west
to Harlem avenue: and village of Oak Park.
I WPSt S1QC.)
24. Champaign. Piatt and Moultrie counties
25. From Western avenue west on Devon avenue
Fulton and Hamilton to city limits, south on
Winter to Everill avenue, east to 73d avenue
south to Bryn Mawr avenue, east to North
Maynard avenue, south to Irving Park boule-
vard, west to Harlem avenue, south to North
avenue, east to Robey. north to Fullerton ave-
nue. east to river, northwest along river to
Belmont avenue, east to Western avenue
north to Devon avenue. (Northwest side )
26. Ford and McLean counties.
27. From the river west on Fullerton avenue to
Robey, south to North avenue, east to Ashland
avenue, south to Augusta, east to Holt, south
to Cornell, east to Milwaukee avenue south-
east to Green, south to Kinzie. west to Ash-
land avenue, south to Madison, east to South
Racine avenue, south to Van Buren. east to
river and northwest along river to Fullerton
avenue. (West side.)
28. Logan, DeWitt and Macon counties.
29. From Lake Michigan west on Schiller to
State, south to Goethe, west to Sedgwick
north to Sigel. west to Cleveland avenue.
south to Clybonrn avenue, northwest to Lar-
rabee. south to Division, west to Halsted.
south to river, thence along river southeast
and east to Lake Michigan, north along lake
shore to Schtllpr. (North side.)
30. Tnzewell. Mnson, Menard, Cass, Brown and
Schuyler oonntlps.
31. From Lake Michigan west on Devon avenue
to Olark street, south and southeast to Irving
Park honlevard. e^st to Racine avenue, pouth
to Fu'lorton avenue, east to Halsted. south to
North avenue, west to river, southeast along
river to Halsted. north to Division, east to
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
807
Larrabee. north to Clybourn avenue, southeast
to Cleveland avenue, north to Sigel, east to
Sedgwick. south to Goethe, east to State,
north to Schiller, east to Lake Michigan, north
and northwest along lake shore to Devon ave-
nue. (North side.)
32. McDonough. Hancock and Warren counties.
33. Kock Island. Mercer and Henderson counties.
34. Douglas, Coles and Clark counties.
35. Whiteside, Lee and DeKalb counties.
36. Scott, Calhoun. Pike and Adams counties.
37. Henry. Bureau and Stark counties.
38. Greene, Montgomery. Jersey and Macoupiu
counties.
39. LaSaTle county.
40. Christian. Shelby, Fayette and Cumberland
counties.
41. DuPage and Will counties.
42. Clinton, Marion. Clay and Effingham coun-
ties.
43. Knox and Fulton counties.
44. Washington. Randolph, Perry, Monroe and
Jackson counties.
45. Morgan and Sangamon counties.
46. Jefferson, Wayne, Richland and Jasper
counties.
47. Madison and Bond counties.
48. Hardin, Gallatin. White. Edwards. Wab'ash.
Lawrence and Crawford counties.
49. St. Clair county.
50. Franklin. Williamson, Union. Alexander and
Pulaski counties.
51. Hamilton. Saline. Pope. Johnson and Massac
counties.
Bushel of— Pounds.
Alfalfa seed 60
Apples, green 50
Apples, dried 24
Barley 48
Beans, green or
string 24
Beans, wax 24
Beans, white 60
Beans, castor 46
Beets 60
Blue grass seed 14
Bran 20
Buckwheat 52
Carrots 50
Charcoal 20
Clover seed 60
Coal 80
Coke 40
Corn seed, broom 48
Corn meal, unbolted 48
Corn in ear 70
Corn, kafir 56
Corn, shelled 56
Cotton seed 32
ILLINOIS WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Established by act of June 21. 1913.
Bushel of— Pounds.
Cranberries 33
Cucumbers 48
Emmer 40
Flax seed 56
Flour, wheat, barrel. 196
Half barrel 98
Quarter barrel sack 49
Eighth barrel sack 24^2
Gooseberries 40
Hair, plastering, un-
washed 8
Washed 4
Hemp seed 44
Hickory nuts 50
Hnngar'n grass seed 50
Indian corn or maize 56
Lime 80
Milt 38
Millet 50
Millet. Japanese 35
Oats 32
Onions 57
Onion sets, top 30
Onion sets, bottom.. 82
Bushel of— Pounds.
Orchard grass seed.. 14
Osage orange seed
Parsnips 50
Peaches 48
Peaches, dried 33
Peanuts, green 22
Peanuts, roasted 20
Pears 58
Peas, dried 60
Peas, green, in pod. 32
Popcorn, in ear 70
Popcorn, shelled 56
Potatoes, Irish 60
Potatoes, sweet 50
Quinces 48
Rape seed 50
Red top seed 14
Pounds.
45
50
50
56
55
50
50
Bushel of —
Rough rice..
Rutabagas . .
Rye meal —
Rye
fait, coarse,
alt. fine....
Shorts
Sorghum seed
Spelt 40
Spinach 12
Sweet clover seed,
unhulled 33
Timothy seed 45
Tomatoes 56
Turnips 55
Walnuts 50
•Wheat 60
Whenever any of the following articles are sold
by the cubic yard and the same are weighed.
the following weights shall govern:
Crushed stone, 2.500 pounds. 1 cubic yard.
Bank sand, 2,500 pounds. 1 cubic yard.
Torpedo sand, 3.000 pounds, 1 cubic yard.
Gravel, 3,000 pounds. 1 cubic yard.
THIRTY-THIRD DIVISION A. E. F. ASSOCIATION.
Organized ait Brest. France, May 8. 1919.
President — Col. John V. Clinnin, Chicago,
130th regiment.
First Vice-President — Capt. Charles A. Plamon-
don, Chicago, 122d artillery
Second Vice-President— Lieut.-Col. James L.
Oliver. Benton. 130th infantry.
Third Vice-President— Sergt. Donald J. Bear.
Sycamore. 129th infantry.
Fourth Vice-President— Capt. Charles M. Por-
ter. Pontiac. 131st infantry.
Fifth Vice-President— Sergt. Charles Stopp, Jr.,
Chicag-o. 123d artillery.
Sixth Vice-President— Sergt. Benjamin Lippln-
cott. 4303 North Kildare avenue* Chicago.
108th ammunition train.
Recording Secretary— Capt. Albert V. Becker.
10949 Vernon avenue. Chicago, 132d in-
lantry.
Financial Secretary— Lieut.-Col. D. Meyers. Jr..
Pontiac, 129th infantry.
Quartermaster— Lieut.-Col. Walter J. Fisher.
3953 Jackson boulevard. Chicago. 108th am-
munition train.
Chaplain— Capt. Charles F. Lauer. Shelbyville.
ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE ENDS ITS WORK.
The State Council of Defense of Illinois
terminated its career of usefulness Nov. 21.
1919. the final meeting- being held on that
date at the office of Samuel Insull. the chair-
man, at 72 West Adams street. Chicago. In
the course of its existence the council expend-
ed a little more than $190.000, but it handled
a total of 8447,646.51, of which $306.146.51
was profit from the lake front war' exposition
and was turned over to the national commit-
tee on public information at Washington. The
remainder. $141,500, was profit from the seed
corn campaign and was turned over to the
department of agriculture.
Besides Mr. Insull, the members of the coun-
cil were J. Ogden .Armour, B. F. Harris, Dr.
Frank Billings. Mrs. Bowen. John H. Harri-
son. Levy Mayer. John G. Oglesby. Victor A.
Olander. David E. Shanahan. John A. Spoor.
Fred W. Upham. Charles H. Wacker and John
H. Walker. John P. Hopkins served as sec-
retary until his death on Oct. 13, 1918. He
was succeeded by Roger C. Sullivan.
OH, BURNING AMERICAN STEAMERS.
When the construction program of the
United States shipping board is completed
there will be under the American flag 1,731
oil burning steamers of an aggregate of near-
ly 10,000,000 dead weight tons. On Nov. 1, I under construction.
1919. there were 486 oil burning ships in the
government merchant fleet ^nd sixty -seven
others had been sold to Americans. Six hun-
dred and thirty-six oil burning vessels were
808
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ILLINOIS STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEES.
Elected Sept. 11. 1918.
REPUBLICAN.
Headquarters— Chicag-o.
Chairman— Frank L. Smith, Dwight.
Secretary— Justus L. Johnson, Aurora.
Treasurer— Charles H. Sergei, Chicago.
l!tAdolph Marks, 115 S. State-st.. Chicago.
2. Charles H. Sergei. 4578 Oakenwald-av.,
3. Harry A. Lewis. 6629 Harvard-av., Chi-
4. Thoma's J. Finucane. 2912 Loomis street,
5. WilUanf Sikyta, 1800 South Morgan street,
6. Leland S." Rapp, 29 South Oakley boule-
vard, Chicago.
7. John P. Garner. 617 North Central avenue,
8. William J. Anderson, 1347 West Huron
street, Chicago.
9. Fred W. Upham. 2344 Lincoln Park west,
10. G. W^Pauilin. 1902 Sheridan-rd, Evanston.
11. Justus L. Johnson. Aurora.
12. Adam C. Cliffe, Sycamore.
13. James P. Overholser. Sterling.
14. Walter A. Rosenfleld, Rock Island.
15. George H. Wilson. Quincy.
16. Garrett DeF. Kinney, Peoria.
17. Frank L. Smith, Dwight.
18. Len Small, Kankakee.
19. Henry P. Harris, Monticello.
20. S Elmer Simpson, Carrollton.
21. Lewis H. Miner, Springfield.
22. Cicero J. Lindly, Greenville.
23. George A. Brown, Brownstown.
24. Noah C. Bainum, Carmi.
25. Henry H. Kohn, Anna.
DEMOCRATIC.
Headquarters— Hotel Sherman. Chicago.
Chairman— Ernest Hoover, Taylorville.
Secretary— Isaac B. Craig. Mattoon.
Treasurer— Henry Stuckart, Chicago.
l! John J. Coughlin, 2034 Indiana avenue,
2. James3 Joseph Kelly, 4310 Vincennes ave-
3. Terrence F. Moran, 5634 South Ada street.
4 ' Ifichaefj*. Donkin, 2451 South California
5. BarJTp. CoS" 926 West 19th street,
6 Stephen™!). Griffin. 2935 West Adams
street, Chicago.
7. William Kells, 649 North Sawyer avenue,
8. JameTo^onnor, 327 South Racine avenue.
9. Edmond°Mulcahy. 160 East Ontario street,
10. John P. Dougherty, 6145 Glenwood ave-
nue, Chicago.
11. Thomas F. Donovan, Johet.
12 William F. McNamara. LaSalle.
13. Douglas Pattison. Freeport.
14 Ira J O'Hara, Macomb.
15. Jackson R. Pearce. Quincy
16 James M. Daugherty. Chillicothe.
17. T. F. Clinton, Pontiac.
18. James Dwyer, Danville.
19. Isaac B. Cmig. Mattoon.
20. Charles R. Barnes, Nebo.
21 Ernest Hoover, Taylorville.
22 Jerry J. Kane. East St. Louis.
23 George W. FtthlaB. Newton.
24 Val B. Campbell. McLeansboro.
25. Reed Green. Cairo.
SOCIALIST.
Headquarters— Room 312, 803 W. Madison-st.
Dist. State Central Commit teemen.
1. Arthur E. Halm, 2708 Calumet avenue,
Chicago.
2. Charles V. Johnson, 11353 Stephenson ave-
nue, Chicago.
3. Claude F. Neider, 332 West 70th street.
Chicago.
4. Louis Cejka, 2740 S. Turner-av., Chicago.
Chicago. •
5. Charles Toepper, 418 Elgin avenue. For-
est Park.
6. H. E. Wickwire, 3334 West Madison street,
Chicago.
7. Thomas L. Slater. 648 North Lexington
avenue, Chicsgo.
8. (Vacancy.)
9. William Acker. 539 Rush street, Chicago.
10. James W. Marshall, 4955 North Western
avenue. Chicago.
11. F. L. Raymond, Aurora.
12. Frank H. Hall, Rockford.
13. Clarence C. Brooks, Dixon.
14. Edgar Owens, Moline.
15. J. C. Sjodin, Galesburg.
16. Louis Bierman, Peoria.
17. (Vacancy.)
18. Clarence B. Adams. Danville.
19. Stephen L. Wood, Decatur.
20. Oliver J. McCune, Beardstown.
21. John Olson, Spring-field.
22. Thomas H. Whitehead, Alton.
23. Sidney Sullens, Trenton.
24. Ernest Gifford. Eldorado
25. U. S. A. Gadbois. Villa Ridge.
PROHIBITION.
Elected April 11, 1916.
Headquarters — Springfield.
Chairman— Robert H. Patton, Springfield.
Secretary— George W. Woolsey. Bloomington.
Dist.
1. Leo F. Jeanmene, 608 South Dearborn
street, Chicago.
2. Oliver W. Stewart. Indianapolis. Ind.
3. Charles G. Kindred, 6421 Stewart avenue,
Chicago.
4. William Berg. 2443 S. St. Louis avenue.
Chicago.
5. Amos H. Leaman, 639 W. 18th street,
Chicago.
6. Mrs. O. W. Dean, 727 Oakley boulevard.
Chicago.
7. Mrs. Maude M. Mahler. Franklin Park.
8. Mrs. O. L. Stangeland, 1208 West Erie
street, Chicago.
9. J. M. Hestenes. 1502 Hudson avenue,
Chicago.
10. Charles R. Jones, Evanston.
11. Alonzo E. Wilson, 106 North LaSalle
street, Chicago.
. K. Hook. Gran
13. F. D. Lahman. Franklin Grove.
12. F. K. Hook. Grand Ridge.
14. J. J. Milne, Monmouth.
15. H. O. Mrnson. Rushville.
16. L. J. Kendall. LaMoille.
17. Marion Gallnp. Pontiac.
18. George W. Woolsey. Bloomington.
19. John I>. Watson. Sullivan.
20. Irvin C. Woodrum. Tallula.
11. Robert H. Patton. Springfield.
?2. Rev. E. G. Burritt. Greenville.
23. John H. Shup, Newton,
°4. Van DeSullins. Metropolis.
25. H. A. Dubois, Cobden.
At Large.
Mrs. Bionville Tovey. Gnlesburg.
Mrs. Mary A. Wittemore. Peoria.
Mrs. Florence S. Hyde, Chicago.
Miss Clara Hamm. El Paso.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
809
COOK COUNTY COMMITTEES.
COOK COUNTY REPUBLICAN EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE.
Headquarters— Union hotel, 72 West Randolph
street.
Chairman — Homer K. Galpin.
Vice-Chairman — Martin B. Madden.
Treasurer — LeRoy Millner.
Secretary— William H. Weber.
Assistant Secretary — George Walker.
^Francis P. Brady. 119 East 20th street.
2. Martin B. Madden. 701 Tacoma building-.
3. Robert R. Levy. 4639 Prairie avenue.
4. Georg-e J. Feser. 3232 Princeton avenue.
5. Edward R. Litsing-er, 1119 Conway bldg-.
6. Roy O. West. 1340 First National Bank
building1.
7. Isaac N. Powell. 39 South LaSalle street.
8. Walter E. Schmidt. 7315 South Shore ave-
nue.
9. Edward E. Erstman. 11300 Forrest ville-av.
10. Thomas Curran. 2023 S. Racine-av.
11. Charles V. Barrett. 140 N. Dearbonr-st.
12. A. W. Miller. 3135 Carlisle place.
13. David W. Clark. 3125 Warren avenue.
14. A. N. Todd. 514 North Hamlin avenue.
15. Niels Juul, 1127 N. Sacramento avenue.
16. Joseph P. Kinsella. Humboldt park refec-
tory.
17. Lewis D. Sitts. 1471 Grand avenue.
18. Homer K. Galpin. 1348 Otis building.
19. Christopher Mamer. 720 Reaper block.
20. Morris Eller. 1301 South Peoria street.
21. Oscar Hebel. 1342 North Dearborn street.
22. Charles K. Kempf. 913 Concord place.
23. Edward J. Brundagre. 110 S. Dearborn-st.
24. Leonard A. Brundage. 2210 Clifton avenue.
25. George K. Schmidt. 1604 Clybourn avenue.
26. John C. Cannon. 4047 N. Hermitage-av.
27. LeRoy Millner. 734 Otis building-.
28. Joseph F. Haas. 2712 Fullerton avenue.
29. Ernest Withall. 5435 S. Hermitage avenue.
30. Thomas J. Healy. 35th-st. and Archer-av.
31. William H. Reid. 608 city hall.
32. Charles A. Williams, 69 W. Washington-st.
33. George Hitzman. 3554 Dickens avenue.
34. Charles Vavrik. 1823 South Harding-av.
35. Charles J. Peters. 1429 North Avers-av.
Dist Country Districts.
1. John Mackler, 347 W. 16th street, Chicago
Heights.
2. William H. Weber. Blue Island.
3. Peter M. Hoffman. 240 Lee-st.. Des Plaines.
4. Joseph Carolan, 277 Park avenue. River
Forest.
5. William Busse. Mount Prospect.
6. Dr. Frank H. Anderson, 1413 Sherman
avenue, Evanston.
MANAGING COMMITTEE OF THE DEMO-
CRATIC PARTY OF COOK COUNTY.
Headquarters— Parlor "A." Hotel Sherman
Chairman — James M. Dailey. 549 W. 31st-st.
Secretary— William P. Feeney, 17 N. LaSalle-st.
Assistant Secretary— John F. Quinlan, Hotel
Sherman.
Treasurer— Henry Stuckart, 204 city hall.
Ward.
1. Michael Kenna. 307 South Clark street.
2. Wm. J. Graham. 511 county building-.
3. Thos. D. Nash. Ill W. Washington street.
4. James M. Dniley. 549 West 31st street.
5. Patrick J. Carr. 910 South Michigan-av.
6. John P. Gibbons. 327 South LaSalle-st.
7. James M. Whalen. 537 county building.
8. John H. Mack. 233 county building.
9. John J. Leonard. 217 county building-.
10. Joseph W. Cermak. 1441 West 18th street.
11. A. J. Sabath, 79 West Monroe street.
Ward.
12. A. J. Cermak. 3347 West 26th street.
13. Martin J. O'Brien, 217 county building-.
14. Patrick A. Nash. 10 South LaSalle street.
15. Thos. P. Keane, 233 county building.
16. Stanley H. Kunz, 1349 Noble street.
17. Joseph Rushkewicz, 204 city hall
18. Bernard J. Grogan, 1160 W. Van Buren-st.
19. John Powers. 162 West Washington street
20. Dennis J. Egan. 804 city hall.
21. John F. O'Malley. 545 Peoples Gas bldg.
22. Rudolph L. Schapp, 337 county building
23. Joseph L. Gill, county building.
24. Frank F. Roeder, 3021 Southport avenue
25. Harry R. Gibbons, 212 county building-
26. Henry A. Zender. 547 county building.'
27. Neil Murley, 3553 Elston avenue
28. (Vacancy.)
29. Emmett Whealan. 2349 West 63rd street.
30. James M. Heffernan. 929 West 53rd place
31. Michael K. Sheridan. 315 county building.
32. Frank ,J. Walsh. 542 West 65th street.
33. Timothy J. Crowe. 212 county building.
34. Jos. O Kostner, 1404 Independence-blvd.
35. Wm. P. Feeney. 17 North La Salle street.
Country Districts.
Barrington— G. M. Wagner, Barrington.
Berwyn— Chas. Zitnik. 1317 South Oak Park
avenue. Berwyn.
Bloom— J. T. Murphy. Chicago Heights.
Calumet— F. Synakiewicz, 468 Orang-e street.
Blue Island.
Cicero— Jos. A. Becker, 1530 South 56th court.
Cicero.
Elk Grove— Edward V. Harz, Elk Grove, P. O.
Arlington Heights.
Evanston— F. H. McCulloch. 112 W. Adams-st.
Hanover— M. D. O'Brien. Bartlett.
Leyden— Edward J. Voelkel, Franklin Park.
Lyons— James G. Wolcott. La Grange.
Maine — Ning- Eley. Des Plaines
New Trier— William E. Hess, Wilmette.
Northfield— H. M. McCullen. Glenview.
Norwood Park— A. Ksiazyk. Norwood Park. P.
O.. Jefferson Park.
Oak Park— Ross C. Hall, 309 S. Scoville ave-
nue. Oak Park.
Palatine — Henry J. Harz. Palatine.
Palos— Dan McMahon. Palos Park.
Proviso — Joseph McCullogh, 547 Desplaines
avenue. Forest Park.
River Forest — Thos. E. McBride. River Forest.
Riverside— F. S. McClory. Riverside.
Stickney — Albert Hermann. Oak Lawn.
Thornton — W. A. Harrison. Homewood.
Worth— E. H. Poehlsen. 238 South Western
avenue. Blue Island.
SOCIALIST PARTY OF COOK COUNTY.
Headquarters— Room 311. 803 W. Madison-st.
Chairman — Robert H. Howe.
Treasurer — J. Louis Ensrdahl.
Secretary — Miss Ellen Persons.
Finance Committee — Mrs. Caroline Urie, Oliver
C. Wilson, Barney Berlin. Thoims Slater.
F E. Wiokwi^. Morris Blacknll. Samuel
Gollant, Mrs. E. D. Karsten, Adolph Bayer.
LABOR PARTY.
Headquarters— 1 66 W«?t Washington street.
Secretary Pro Tern. — Frank J. Esper.
COMMUNIST PARTY.
Headquarters — 1219 Blue Island avenue.
Executive Secretary— C. E. Ruthenberg-.
International Secretary— Louis C. Fraina.
810
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ILLINOIS LEGISLATION IN
1. Make
Following- were some of the more important
laws enacted by the 51st general assembly at
the regular biennial session beginning- Jan. 8
and ending- June 30. 1919:
CIVIL ADMINISTRATIVE CODE.
Section 6 and 63 of an act entitled "An
act in relation to the civil administration 9f
the state government, and to repeal certain
acts therein named." are amended to read as
follows :
Sec. 6. Advisory and nonexecutive boards, in
the respective departments, are created as fol-
lows:
In the Department of Agriculture.
A board of agricultural advisers, composed
of fifteen persons, and a board of state fair
advisers consisting of nine persons, not more
than three of whom shall be appointed from
any one county.
In the Department of Labor.
A board of Illinois free employment office
advisers, composed of five persons.
A board of local Illinois free employment
office advisers, for each free employment office,
composed of five persons on each local board.
In the Department of Public Works.
A board of art advisers, composed of eight
PeASboard of water resource advisers, composed
of five persons. „
A board of highway advisers, composed of
flVA bSSP'of Parks and buildings advisers,
composed of five persons.
In the Department of Public Welfare.
A board of public welfare commissioners,
composed of five persons.
In the Department of Public Health.
A board of public health advisers, composed
of five persons.
In the Department of Registration and
Education.
A board of natural resources and conserva-
tion advisers, composed of seven persons.
A board of state museum advisers, composed
of five persons.
The immigrants commission, composed 01
five members, one of whom shall be the
director of the department of registration and
The members of each of the above named
boards shall be officers.
Sec. 63. The board of natural resources and
conservation, acting through five or more sub-
committees each of which shall be composed
of the director of registration and education,
the president of the University of Illinois,
his representative, and the expert adviser spe-
cially qualified in each of the fields of inves-
tliatlConsider and decide all matters pertaining
to natural history, geology, water and water
resources, forestry, and allied research, inves-
tigational and scientific work.
2. Select and appoint, without reference to
the state civil service law. members of the
scientific staff, prosecuting and research, m-
vestigational and scientific work.
3. Co-operate with the University of Illinois
in the use of scientific staff and equipment.
4. Co-operate with the various departments
in research, investigational and scientific work
useful in the prosecution of the work in any
department.
The board of state museum advisers shall
advise the director of education and registra-
tion in all matters pertaining- to maintenance,
extension and usefulness of the state museum.
The immigrants commission shall:
1919.
a survey of the immigrant, alien
born and foreign speaking people of the state,
and of their distribution, conditions of employ-
ment and standards of housing and living.
2. Examine into their economic, financial
and legal customs, their provisions for insur-
ance and other prudential arrangements, their
social organization and their educational
needs: keeping- in friendly and sympathetic
touch with alien groups and co-operating with
state and local officials, and with immigrant
or related authorities of other states and of
the United States. (Approved June 10. 1919.)
CIVIL ADMINISTRATIVE CODE— STATE TAX
COMMISSION.
Sections 5, 9 and 13 of an act entitled "An
act in relation to the civil administration of
the state government, and to repeal certain
acts therein named," approved March 7. 1917,
in force July 1. 1917. are amended, and there
is added a new section to be known as section
39a, which sections as amended, and which
new section shall read as follows:
Sec. 5. In addition to the directors of de-
partments, the following executive and admin-
istrative officers, boards and commissions,
which said officers, boards and commissions in
the respective departments, shall hold offices
hereby created and designated as follows:
In the Department of Finance.
Assistant director of finance.
Administrative auditor.
Superintendent of budget.
Superintendent of department reports
Statistician.
The tax commission, which shall consist of
three officers designated as tax commissioners.
In the Department of Agriculture.
Assistant director of agriculture.
General manager of the state fair.
Superintendent of foods and dairies.
Superintendent of animal industry.
Superintendent of plant industry.
Chief veterinarian.
Chief game and fish warden.
The food standard commission, which shall
consist of the superintendent of foods and
dairies and two officers designated as food
standard officers.
In the Department of Labor.
Assistant director of labor.
Chief factory inspector.
Superintendent of free employment offices.
Chief inspector of private employment
agencies.
The industrial commission, which shall con-
sist of five officers designated as industrial
officers.
In the Department of Mines and Minerals.
Assistant director of mines and minerals.
The mining board, which shall consist of
four officers designated as mine officers and the
director of the department of mines and min-
erals.
The miners' examining board, which shall
consist of four officers, designated miners' ex-
amining bfficers.
In the Department of Public Works and
Buildings.
Assistant director of public works and build-
ings.
Superintendent of highways.
Chief highway engineer.
Supervising architect.
Supervising engineer.
Superintendent of waterways.
Superintendent of printing.
Superintendent of purchases and supplies.
Superintendent of parks.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
811
In the Department of Public Welfare.
Assistant director of public welfare.
Alienist.
Criminologist.
Fiscal supervisor.
Superintendent of charities.
Superintendent of prisons.
Superintendent of pardons and paroles,
t In the Department of Public Health.
Assistant director of public health.
Superintendent of lodging: house inspection.
In the Department of Trade and Commerce.
Assistant director of trade and commerce.
Superintendent of insurance.
Fire marshal.
Superintendent of standards.
Chief grain inspector.
The public utilities commission, which shall
consist of five officers, desiemated public utility
commissioners.
Secretary of the public utilities commission.
In the Department of Registration and
Education.
Assistant director of registration and educa-
tion.
Superintendent of registration.
The normal school board, which shall con-
sist of nine officers, together with the director
of the department and the superintendent of
public instruction.
The above named officers, and each of them,
shall, except as otherwise provided in this act.
be under the direction, supervision and control
of the director of their respective departments,
and shall perform such duties as such director
shall prescribe.
Sec. 9. The executive and administrative offi-
cers whose offices are created by this act, shall
receive annual salaries, payable in equal
monthly installments, as follows:
In the Department of Finance.
The director of finance shall receive $7.000.
The assistant director of finance shall re-
ceive $4,200.
The administrative auditor shall receive
$4.800.
The superintendent of budget shall receive
$3.600.
The superintendent of department reports
shall receive $3.600.
The statistician shall receive $4.000.
Each tax commissioner shall receive $6,000.
In the Department of Agriculture.
The director of agriculture shall receive
$6.000.
The assistant director of agriculture shall re-
ceive $3.600.
The general manager of the state fair shall
receive $3.600.
The superintendent of foods and dairies shall
receive $4.800.
The superintendent of animal industry shall
receive $3.600.
The superintendent of plant industry shall
receive $3.600.
The chief veterinarian shall receive $4.200.
The chief game and fish warden shall receive
$3.600.
Each food standard officer shall receive $450.
In the Department of Labor.
The director of labor shall receive $5.000.
The assistant director of labor shall receive
$3.000.
The chief factory inspector shall receive
$3.000.
The superintendent of free employment
offices shall receive $3,000.
The chief inspector of private employment
agencies shall receive $3.000.
Each industrial officer shall receive $5,000.
In the Department of Mines dnd Minerals.
The director of mines and minerals shall re-
ceive $5.000
The assistant director of mines and minerals
shall receive $3.000.
Each mine officer shall receive $500.
Each miners' examining officer shall receive
$1.800.
In the Department of Public Works and
Buildings.
The director of public works and buildings
shall receive $7.000.
The assistant director of public works and
buildings shall receive $4.000.
The superintendent of highways shall re-
ceive $5.000.
The chief highway engineer shall receive
$5,000.
The supervising: architect shall receive
$4.000.
The supervising engineer shall receive
$4.000.
The superintendent of waterways shall re-
ceive $5.000.
The superintendent of printing shall receive
$5.000.
The superintendent of purchases and sup-
plies shall receive $5.000.
The superintendent of parks shall receive
$2.500.
In the Department of Public Welfare.
The director of public welfare shall receive
$7.000.
The assistant director of public welfare shall
receive $4.000.
The alienist shall receive $5.000.
The criminologist shall receive $5.000.
The fiscal supervisor shall receive $5,000.
The superintendent of charities shall receive
$5.000.
The superintendent of prisons shall receive
$5.000.
The superintendent of pardons and paroles
shall receive $5.000.
In the Department of Public Health.
The director of public health shall receive
$6.000.
The assistant director of public health shall
receive $3,000.
The superintendent of lodging house inspec-
tion shall receive $3.000.
In the Department of Trade and Commerce.
The director of trade and commerce shall
receive $7.000.
The assistant director of trade and com-
merce shall receive $4,000.
The superintendent of insurance shall re-
ceive $5.000.
The fire marshal shall receive $3.000.
The superintendent of standards shall re-
ceive $2.500.
The chief grain inspector shall receive
$5,000.
Each public utility commissioner shall re-
ceive $7.000.
The secretary of the public utilities com-
mission shall receive $4,000.
In the Department of Registration and
Education.
The director of registration and education
shall receive $5.000.
The assistant director of registration and
education shall receive $3.600.
The superintendent of registration shall re-
ceive $4.200.
Sec. 13. Each officer whose office is created
by this act. except as otherwise specifically
provided for in this act. shall hold office for
a term of four years from the second Monday
in January next after the election of a gover-
nor, and until his successor is appointed and
qualified.
812
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Three members of the normal school board
first appointed shall hold office until the sec-
ond Monday in January, A. D. 1919, three
until the second Monday in January, A. D.
1921, and three until the second Monday in
January, A. D. 1923. After the expiration of
the terms of office of those first appointed,
their respective successors shall hold office
for a term of six years.
Of the tax commissioners first appointed
one shall be appointed for a term of six years,
one for a term of four years, and one for a
term of two years, from the first day of July,
A. D. 1919. Thereafter as the respective
terms of office expire their respective suc-
cessors shall hold office for a term of six
years.
State Tax Commission.
Sec. 39a. The state tax commission created
by this act shall, in its name, without any
direction, supervision or control by the direc-
tor of finance, exercise and discharge all
duties now or hereafter imposed by law on it
with reference to the assessment of property
for taxation. All clerical and administrative
functions pertaining- to the business of the
tax commission shall be discharged by the
director of finance, who shall, for that pur-
pose, act as its secretary and executive officer.
(Approved June 19, 1919.)
STATE TAX COMMISSION^ASSESSMENTS.
The term "local assessment officers," as used
in this act. shall mean and include township
assessors, boards of assessors, the county
treasurer and boards of review.
Sec. 2. The tax commission shall:
(1) Direct and supervise as provided by this
act the assessment for taxation of all real and
personal property in this state to the end that
all assessments of property be made relatively
just and equal;
(2) Confer with, advise and assist local as-
sessment officers relative to the assessment of
property for taxation;
(3) Prescribe general rules and regulations,
not inconsistent with law, for local assess-
ment officers relative to the assessment of
property for taxation, which general rules and
regulations shall be binding upon all local as-
sessment officers and shall be obeyed by them
respectively until reversed, annulled or modi-
fied by a court of competent jurisdiction:
(4) Prescribe or approve the form of blanks
for schedules, returns, reports, complaints, no-
tices and other documents, files and records
authorized or required by and provision of law
relating to the assessment of property, or b.v
any rule and regulation of the commission, and
all assessing officers shall use true copies of
such blank forms:
(5) Assess the railroad property denominated
"railroad track" and "rolling stock";
(6) Assess and value, in the manner pro-
vided by law, the capital stock, including- the
franchise, of all companies or associations
now or hereafter incorporated under the laws
of this state, except companies and associa-
tions organized for purely manufacturing and
mercantile purposes, or for either of such pur-
poses, or for the mining and sale of coal or
for printing or for the publishing of newspa-
pers, or for the improving and breeding of
stock, or for the purpose of banking, includ-
ing any of such property as may have been
omitted from assessment in any year or years,
or which, from defective description, has not
paid any taxes for any year or years:
(7) Equalize the valuation and assessment of
"property throughout the state between the dif-
ferent counties of the state and fix the aggre-
gate amount of the assessment for each county
upon which taxes shall be extended:
(8) Keep a correct record of its acts and do-
ings relative to the assessment of property and
the equalization of assessments.
Sec. 3. The tax commission shall have power:
(1) To require local assessment officers to
meet with it from time to time for the pur-
pose of considering matters relative to taxa-
tion:
(2) To formulate and recommend legislation
for the improvement of the system of taxation
of property and for the equalization of the
taxation of the state;
(3) To make such research and investiga-
tion as to the properties of corporations and
the true values of the franchise and prop-
erties of all corporations incorporated under
the laws of this state, except companies and
associations organized for purely manufactur-
ing and mercantile purposes, or for either of
such purposes, or for the mining and sale of
coal, or for printing or for the publishing of
newspapers, or for the improving and breeding
of stock, or for the purpose of banking, as
will enable it to ascertain the fair cash value
of the capital stock, including the franchise,
of such corporations as are assessed by it and
to obtain such further data and information
upon which general rules and regulations may
be based:
(4) To investigate the tax systems of other
states and countries:
(5) To request the institution of proceed-
ings, actions and prosecutions to enforce the
laws relating to the penalties, liabilities and
punishment of public officers, persons, or of-
ficers or agents of cprporations for failure or
neglect to comply with this act;
(6) To order in any year a reassessment of
all real and personal property, or real or per-
sonal property, or any class of personal prop-
erty, in any county, or in any assessment dis-
trict thereof, when in its judgment such re-
assessment is desirable or necessary, and for
that purpose to cause such reassessment to be
made by the local assessment officers, and
cause it to be substituted for the original as-
sessment :
(7) To take testimony and proofs under
oath and to require the production of books,
papers and documents pertinent to any assess-
ment, investigation or inquiry and for that
purpose to subpoena and compel the attendance
of witnesses:
(8) To require from all state and local of-
ficers such information as may be necessary
for the proper discharge of its duties:
(9) To examine and make memoranda from
all records, books, papers, documents, state-
ments of account on record or on file in any
public office of the state or of any county,
township, road district, city, village, incor-
porated town, school district or any other
taxing district of the state, and all public of-
ficers having charge or custody of such rec- ,
ords shall furnish to the commission infor-
mation of any and all matters on file or of
record in their respective offices:
(10) To adopt, from time to time, rules
not inconsistent with law, for ascertaining the <
fair cash value of the capital stock, including ;
the franchise, of corporations assessed by it. j
Sec. 4. Certified copies of the records of the <
tax commission pertaining to the assessment i
of property and the equalization of assess- \
ments. attested by the seal of the department j
of finance, shall be received in evidence in all,
courts with like effect as certified copiea ofl .
other public records.
Sec. 5. Each officer in the tax commission,
each employe of the C9mmission and each other
competent person specially delegated in writing
for that purpose, shall have the power to ad-
minister all paths authorized or required un-
der the provisions of this act.
Sec. 6. Any sheriff, constable or other per-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
813
son may serve any subpoena issued under the
provisions of this act.
Sec. 7. The fees and mileage of witnesses
attending any hearing held by the tax commis-
sion under the provisions of this act, pur-
suant to any subpoena, shall be the same as
those pf witnesses in civil cases in the Circuit
cerurt in counties of the second class. Such
fees and mileage shall be paid by the state.
Sec. 8. In case any person refuses to comply
with any subpoena issued by the tax commis-
sion, or to produce or to permit the examina-
tion or inspection of any books, papers and
documents pertinent to any assessment, in-
vestigation or inquiry, or to testify to any
matter regarding which he may be lawfully
interrogated, the Circuit court or County court
of the county in which such matter or hear-
ing is pending, on application of the tax com-
mission, shall compel obedience by attachment
proceedings as for contempt, as in a case of
disobedience of the requirements of a sub-
poena from such court on a refusal to testify
therein.
Sec. 9. Upon the completion of the original
assessments to be made by the tax commis-
sion, it shall publish a full and complete list
of such assessments in the state "official news-
paper." Any person o" corporation feeling
aggrieved by any such assessment may, within
ten days of the date of publication of such
"official newspaper" containing such list, apply
to the tax commission for a review and cor-
rection of the assessment complained of. Upon
such review the tax commission may make
such correction, if any, therein as may be just
and right.
Sec. 10. Any person feeling himself ag-
grieved by any assessment made by the tax
commission may appeal to the Circuit court
of the county in which such property or some
part thereof is situated, for the purpose of
having the lawfulness of such assessment in-
quired into and determined.
The person taking such appeal shall file
with the tax commission written notice of such
appeal, which notice shall state in full the
grounds of such appeal. Such notice of ap-
peal shall be filed within ten days after such
assessment is made and notice given thereof.
Thereupon the tax commission shall prepare
and transmit to the clerk of the court to
which such appeal is taken a copy of such
notice of appeal and a copy of all evidence,
documents, papers, books and files pertaining
to such appeal, which copies shall be certified
to as correct by the director of finance. The
appeal shall be heard without formal plead-
ings upon the record so certified by the tax
commission. Appeals shall lie from the judg-
ment of the Circuit court to the Supreme
court. The remedy by appeal herein pro-
vided for shall not be construed to be exclusive
Sec. 11. No appeal to the Circuit court from
an assessment made by the tax commission
shall stay or suspend any assessment or the
extension of any taxes thereon. If the court,
by its final judgment, should set aside or re-
duce such assessment, and the taxes so er-
roneously assessed shall have been paid, the
person or corporation so erroneously paying
such taxes shall be entitled to a refund there-
of as provided by section 268 of an act en-
titled "An act for the assessment of prop-
perty and for the levy and collection of taxes,"
approved March 30. 1872. in force July 1,
fl872.
Reassessments.
Sec. 12. Whenever it shall appear to the
tax commission that the real or personal prop-
erty in any county, or in any assessment dis-
trict thereof, has not been assessed in sub-
stantial compliance with law. or has been
unequally or improperly assessed, the tax com-
mission may. in its discretion, in any year
order a reassessment for such year of all or
any class of the taxable property in such
county, or assessment district thereof. The
tax commission may order such reassessment
made by the local assessment officers. The
order directing such reassessment shall be filed
in the office of the county treasurer of the
county in which such reassessment has been
ordered, except in counties having an elective
board of review, in which case such order shall
be filed with the board of review.
Sec. 13. Such reassessment shall be made in
the same manner and subject to the same laws
and rules as an original assessment and shall
be subject to review and correction toy the
board of review as in case of an original as-
sessment.
Sec. 14. For the purpose of reviewing and
equalizing such reassessment, the board of
review of the county in which the reassess-
ment is made shall review and correct such
reassessment. The tax commission shall fix
the time and place of the meeting of the board
of review to review and correct such reassess-
ment. At least one week before the meeting
of such board of review to review and correct
such reassessment the board of review shall
publish a notice of the time and place of its
meeting for such purpose in at least one news-
paper of general circulation published in the
county in which such reassessment is made.
The board of review shall convene at the time
and place fixed in such order and shall re-
view, correct, return and certify such reassess-
ment in like manner, and shall have and exer-
cise all the power and authority given to
boards of review and shall be subject to all
the restrictions, duties and penalties of such
boards.
Sec. 15. Such local assessment officer while
engaged in making such reassessment shall
have custody and possession of the assessment
books containing the original assessment and
all property and other statements and memo-
randa relating thereto, and the person having1
the custody thereof shall deliver such assess-
ment books and such property to the local as-
sessment officer on demand. He shall, in mak-
ing such reassessment, have all the power and
authority given by law to local assessment of-
ficers and shall be subject to all the restric-
tions, liabilities and penalties imposed by law
upon local assessment officers.
Sec. 16. Such reassessment, when completed
and reviewed as provided herein, shall be the
assessment upon which taxes for that year
shall be levied and extended in the county or
assessment district for which made.
Sec. 17. The necessary books, records and
blank forms needful for the purpose of such
reassessment shall be furnished by the same
authorities that furnish books, records and
blank forms for an original assessment. The
local assessment officer and the members of the
board of review when convened in extraordi-
nary session for the purpose of making such
reassessment or of reviewing and correcting
the same shall receive the same compensation
as for like service in making, or in reviewing,
an original assessment, which compensation, as
well as all other expenses in making the re-
assessment, shall be paid by the county on the
certificate of the tax commission.
Equalization.
Sec. 18. The tax commission shall act as an
equalizing authority. It shall examine the
abstracts of property assessed for taxation in
the several counties as returned by the county
clerks and the original assessment made by it,
and shall equalize the assessments as in this
act provided. The tax commission may so
lower or raise the total assessed value of prop-
erty in any county as returned by the county
clerk as shall make the property in such
county bear a just relation to the assessed
814
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
value of property in other counties. The total
amount of such increase or decrease in any
one county shall not exceed 10 per cent of
the tot^l assessed value of all property in the
state as returned for purposes of taxation.
The tax commission shall not reduce the ag-
gregate assessed valuation in the state; nor
shall it increase such aggregate valuation,
except in such amount as may be necessary
to a just equalization.
Sec. 19. The tax commission in equalizing
the valuation of property as listed and as-
sessed in different counties shall consider the
following- classes of property separately, viz.:
personal property, railroad and telegraph
property, lands, town and city lots and the
-capital and other property of public utilities
and of companies and .associations assessed by
the tax commission and, upon such considera-
tion determine such rates of addition to or
deduction from the listed or assessed valua-
tion of each of such classes of property in
eacn county, or to or from the aggregate
assessed value of each such classes in the
state as may be deemed by the tax commis-
sion to be equitable and just: such rate being
in all cases even and not fractional; and such
rates as finally determined by the tax com-
mission shall not be combined.
Sec. 20. In equalizing the value of personal
property between the several counties, the tax
commission shall cause to be obtained the
state averages of the several kinds of enu-
merated property, from the aggregate footings
of the number and value of each; and the
value of the several kinds of enumerated prop-
erty in each county shall be obtained at those
average values; and the value of the enu-
merated property thus obtained, as compared
with the assessed value of such property in
each county, shall be taken by the tax com-
mission to obtain a rate per cent to be
added to or deducted from the total assessed
value of such property in each county.
Whenever in the opinion of the tax com-
mission it is necessary, to a more just and
equitable equalization of such property, that
a rate per cent be added to or deducted from
the value thus obtained in any one or more
of the counties, the tax commission shall have
the right so to do; but the rate per cent
heretofore required shall first be obtained to
form the basis upon which the equalization
of personal property shall be made.
Sec. 21. Lands shall be equalized by add-
ing- to the aggregate assessed value thereof,
in every county in which the tax commission
may believe the valuation to be too low, such
rate per centum as will raise the same to its
proper proportionate value, and by deducting
from the aggregate assessed value thereof, in
every county in which the tax commission may
believe the valuation to be too high, such per
centum as will reduce the same to its proper
value. Town and city lots shall be equalized
in the same manner herein provided for equal-
izing lands, and at the option of the tax com-
mission may be combined and equalized with
lands.
Sec. 22. When the tax commission shall
have separately considered the several classes
of property as hereinbefore required, the re-
sults shall be combined in one table, and the
same shall be examined, compared and per-
fected in such manner as the tax commission
shall deem best to accomplish a just equali-
zation of assessments throughout the state,
preserving, however, the principle of separate
rates for each class of property.
Sec. 23. In all cases of partial return from
any county where the number of defaulting
towns or districts does not exceed one- third of
the whole number of towns or districts in
the county, the tax commission may estimate
the valuation in the towns or districts from
which returns have not been received and may
equalize the total valuation as in other cases.
Sec. 24. When the t*x commission shall
have completed its equalization of assessments
for any year, it shall certify to the several
county clerks the rates finally determined by
it to be added to or deducted from the listed
or assessed valuation of each class of prop-
erty in the several counties. The respective
assessments made by it on the capital stock,
including the franchise, of corporations as-
srssed by it (other than of the capital stock
of railroads and telegraph companies) shall be
certified by it to the county clerks of the re-
spective counties in which such companies or
associations are located. And said clerk
shall extend the taxes for all purposes on the
respective amounts so certified, the same as
may be levied on the other property in such
towns, districts, villages or cities in which
such companies or associations are located. It
shall also certify to the county clerk of the
proper counties the assessments of "railroad
track" and "rolling stock," and the assess-
ments of the capital stock, including the fran-
chise, of railroad and telegraph companies.
And the county clerk shall distribute the value
so certified to him to the county and to the
several towns, districts, villages and cities in
his county entitled to a proportionate value of
such "railroad track" and "rolling stock," and
capital stock, and shall extend taxes against
such values the same as a.gainst other prop-
erty in such towns, districts, villages and
cities.
Miscellaneous.
Sec. 25. All records, books, papers, docu-
ments and memoranda pertaining to the state
board of equalization shall, upon the taking
effect of this act, be transferred and delivered
to the tax commission.
Sec. 26. On and after the taking effect of
this act all the powers and duties now con-
ferred or imposed upon the state board of
equalization and upon the auditor of public
accounts in relation to the assessment of
r-roperty for taxation shall be transferred to
and thereafter shall be exercised and per-
formed by the tax commission.
Sec. 27. Whenever, in any law relating to
the assessment of property for taxation, ab-
stracts, reports, or schedules or other papers
or documents, are required to be filed with, 9r
any duty is imposed upon, or power vested in
either the auditor of public accounts or the
state board of equalization, such abstracts, re-
ports, schedules, or other papers or docu-
ments shall be filed with, such duty and
power shaM be discharged and exercised by
the tax commission.
Sec. 28. Nothing contained in this act shall
be construed to give the tax commission any
power, jurisdiction or authority to review, re-
vise, correct or change any individual assess-
ment made by any local assessment officer.
Repeal.
Sec. 29. The following- acts and parts of
acts are hereby repealed :
Sections 100 to 116, both inclusive, of an
act entitled "An act for the assessment of
property and for the levy and collection of
taxes," approved March 30. 1872. in force
July 1, 1872. and amendments thereto:
Sections 50 and 51 of an act entitled "An
act for the assessment of property and provid-
ing the means therefor, and to repeal a cer-
tain act therein named," approved Feb. 25.
1898. in force July 1, 1898. and amendments
thereto.
Sec. 25 of an act entitled "An act in re-
gard to elections, and to provide for filling-
vacancies in elective offices." approved April
3. 1872. in force July 1, 3872. (Approved
June 19. 1919.)
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOR 1920.
815
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.
Be it enacted, etc.: That at the hour of 12
o'clock noon, on the 6th day of January,
1920, a convention to revise, alter or amend
the constitution of the state of Illinois shall i
meet in the hall of the representatives of the
general assembly in the capitol building, in
the city of Springfield. The secretary of state
shall take such steps as may be necessary to
prepare the hall of the representatives for the
meeting of the convention.
Sec. 2. The convention shall consist of 102
delegates. Two delegates shall be elected in
and from each district entitled by law to elect
a senator to the general assembly. Delegates
shall possess the same qualifications as state
senators. The governor, or the person exer-
cising the powers of governor, shall issue
writs of election to fill vacancies In the con-
vention.
Sec. 3. A primary election for the nomina-
tion of candidates for the position of delegate
shall be held on the 10th day of September,
1919. All provisions of law in force at such
time, and applying to the nomination of can-
didates for the office of state senator, shall to
the extent that they are not in conflict wjth
the terms of this act, apply to .the primary
election herein provided for.
Vacancies created by the death of or the
declination of the nomination by any person
nominated as a candidate for the position of
delegate shall be filled in the manner provided
by law for the filling of similar vacancies
occasioned by the death of or declination of
the nomination by any person nominated as a
candidate for the office of state senator.
Independent nominations for the position of
delegate may be made in the manner now pro-
vided by law for the nomination of independ-
ent candidates by petition.
Sec. 4. The delegates shall be chosen at an
election to be held on the 4th day of No-
vember, 1919. Such election shall be con-
ducted in conformity with the laws then in
force relating to elections for state senators,
to the extent that such laws are applicable.
All votes cast in the election for delegates
shall be tabulated, returned and canvassed in
the manner then provided by law for the tabu-
lation, return and canvass of votes cast in
elections for state senators.
The official, or officials, charged with the
duty of issuing certificates of election to per-
sons elected to the office of state senator shall
issue certificates of election to all persons duly
elected as delegates.
Election contests for membership in the con-
vention shall be heard and determined by the
convention.
Sec. 5. Each delegate before entering upon
his duties as a member of the convention shall
take an oath to support the constitutions of
the United States and 9f the state of Illi-
nois, and to discharge faithfully his duties as
a member of the convention. In going to and
returning from the convention and during the
sessions thereof the delegates shall, in all cases
except treason, felony or breach of the peace,
be privileged irom arrest: and they shall not
be questioned in any other place for any
speech or debate in the convention.
Sec. 6. Each delegate shall receive for his
services the sum of S2.000 payable at any
time after the convention is organized. The
•delegates shall be entitled to the same mileage
as is paid to the members of the general
assembly, to be computed by the auditor of
public accounts. The delegates shall receive
no other allowance or emolument whatever,
except the sum of $50 to each delegate, which
shall be in full for postage, stationery, news-
papers, and all other incidental expenses and
perquisites. The pay and mileage allowed to
each delegate shall be certified to by the presi-
dent of the convention and entered on the
journal of the convention.
Sec. 7. The convention shall determine the
rules of its procedure, shall be the judge of
the election, returns, and qualifications of its
members, and shall keep a journal of its pro-
ceedings.
The governor shall call the convention to
order at its opening session and shall preside
over it until a temporary or permanent pre-
siding officer shall have been chosen by the
delegates.
The delegates shall elect one of their own
number as president of the cpnvention, and
they shall have power to appoint a secretary
and such employes as may be deemed neces-
sary. The secretary shall receive a compensa-
tion of $15 per day. The employes of the
convention shall receive such compensation as
shall be determined upon by the convention.
Sec. 8. The proceedings of the convention
shall be filed in the office of the secretary of
state. The revision or alteration of or the
amendments to the constitution, agreed to and
adopted by the convention, shall be recorded
in the office of the secretary of state.
The revision or alteration of or the amend-
ments to the constitution, adopted by the con-
vention, shall be submitted to the electors of
this state for ratification or rejection, at an
election appointed by the convention for that
purpose, not less than two months nor more
than six months after the adjournment of the
convention. The convention shall determine
the manner in which su^h revision, alteration
or amendments shall be submitted to the elec-
tors. The convention shall prescribe the man-
ner and form in which such revision, altera-
tion or amendments shall be published prior
to the submission thereof to the electors. No
such revision, alteration or amendments shall
take effect unless approved by a majority of
the electors voting at such election.
The convention shall designate or fix a day
or days upon which such revision, alteration
or amendments, if adopted by the voters, shall
become effective.
Sec. 9. Notices of the election to be called
by the c&nvention shall be given in the man-
ner and form prescribed by the convention.
The convention shall prescribe the manner
and form of voting at such election, and the
ballots for use in such election shall be printed
accordingly, by the officials charged with the
duty of printing ballots for use in general
elections.
The votes cast at such election shall be tab-
ulated, returned and canvassed in such manner
as may be directed by the convention.
Sec. 10. Every person who, at the time of
the holding of any primary or other election
provided for in this act, is a qualified elector
under the constitution and laws of this state,
shall be entitled to vote in such election.
The primary and other elections provided
for in this act shall be held at the places
fixed by law for the holding of general elec-
tions and shall be conducted by the officials,
judges and clerks charged with the duty of
conducting general elections.
All laws then in force in relation to the
registration of voters in primary and general
elections, and all laws then in force for the
prevention of fraudulent and illegal voting,
shall be applicable to the primary and other
elections provided for in this act.
All laws in force governing elections and not
inconsistent with the provisions of this act,
or with powers exercised under the terms here-
of, shall apply to and govern elections held
under the terms of this act.
Sec. 11. The convention shall have power
to punish by imprisonment any person, not a
816
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
member, who shall be guilty of disrespect to
the convention, by disorderly or contemptuous
behavior in its presence. But no such im-
prisonment shall extend beyond twenty-four
hours at any one time, unless the person shall
persist in such disorderly or contemptuous be-
havior. Commitments for disorderly or con-
temptuous behavior in the presence of the
convention shall be made in the manner now
provided by law for the commitment of per-
sons guilty of disrespect to the general assem-
bly.
Sec. 12. It shall be the dvty of all public
officers to furnish the convention with any and
all statements, papers, books, records and pub-
lic documents that fhe convention shall re-
quire. The convention and its committees
shall have the same power to compel the at-
tendance of witnesses, or the production of
papers, books, records and public documents,
as is now exercised by the general assembly,
and its committees, under the provisions of an
act entitled "An act to revise the law in re-
lation to the general assembly," approved and
in force Feb. 25. 1874.
Sec. 13. The sum of $500,000, or so much
thereof as may be necessary, is hereby ap-
propriated for the payment of salaries and
other expenses properly incident to the con-
stitutional convention. The auditor of public
accounts is hereby authorized and directed to
draw warrants on the state treasurer for the
foregoing amount or any part thereof, upon
the presentation of itemized vouchers certified
to as correct by the president of the constitu-
tional convention or the acting president of
the convention. All printiner. binding-, sta-
tionery and other similar supplies for the con-
stitutional convention shall be furnished
through the dQn?>Hmont, of nnbli'* works and
building-s. (Approved June 21. 1919.)
Compilation of Data.
The joint legislptive reference bureau shall
compile and publish in pamphlet form or
otherwise, for the use of the members of the
convention, such information and data as may
be deemed n°cessary. nnd sh^l famish or
render to the delegates such other information
or assistance as may be requested. For the
purpose of carrying- out the provisions of this
act there is appropriated the sum of $10,000.
(Approved June 9. 1919.)
ILLINOIS WATERWAY.
By the provisions of an act approved June
17, 1919, the state of Illinois is authorized to
take possession of the lands or premises now
belonging to the state which were granted ,^to
it by the federal government or became its
property in connection with the construction
of the Illinois and Michigan canal. The de-
partment of public works and buildings is
authorized to prevent encroachment? upon the
Illinois and Michigan canal throughout its en-
tire course as originally constructed, and to
preserve its navigable condition throughout
its entire course, and it may, when the permis-
sion of the federal government is obtained,
change and improve said canal' to provide
terminal and harbor facilities for interchange
of freight or for any other use in connection
with transportation which the department may
depm advantageous to the state.
Following are the main provisions of the act,
approved June 17. 1919, to construct, operate
and maintain a deep waterway from Lockport
to a point in the Illinois river at or near
Utica :
A deep waterway shall be constructed from
the water power plant of the sanitary district
of Chicago, at or near Lockport in the town-
ship of Lockport. in the county of Will, to a
point in the Illinois river at or near Utica.
Such waterway shall be known as "the Illi-
nois waterway."
The general route of "the Illinois waterway"
shall be as follows: Commencing at the wa-
ter power plant of the sanitary district of
Chicago, at or near Lockport, in the township
of Lockport, in the county of Will, thence
through the tail race of the sanitary district
of Chicago to the junction of such tail race
and the Des Plaines river, the Des Plaines river
and Illinois and Michigan canal through the
city of Joliet, the Des Plaines river to the Illi-
nois river and the Illinois river to a point
therein at or near Utica.
If. in the judgment of the department of
public works and buildings, the utilization of
sections of the Illinois and Des Plaines rivers
is not practicable or feasible, then the gen-
eral route above described may be deviated
from in such sections and in lieu thereof the
Illinois and Michigan canal may be used and
improved, or channels outside of such rivers
may be constructed.
The channel of the Illinois waterway, where
practicable, shall be not less than 150 feet
bottom 'width. The minimum depth of channel
in the earth sections shall be not less than
eight feet and in the rock sections not less
than ten feet. The minimum depth over miter
sills of the locks shall be not less than four-
teen feet. The minimum width of locks shall
be not less than 110 feet and the minimum
length shall be not less than 600 feet usable
length.
The general assembly declares and finds that
"the Illinois waterway" along the route herein
defined, with the minimum width and depth
of channel herein prescribed, is practicable for
a general plan and scheme of a deep waterway
and is deemed most advantageous for such
plan of deep waterway.
The construction, maintenance, control and
operation of "the Illinois waterway" and its
appurtenances shall devolve upon the depart-
ment of public works and buildings.
Subject to the conditions and limitations
prescribed by this act, and subject to any con-
ditions and limitations which the federal gov-
ernment or the officers thereof may lawfully
impose, the department of public works and
buildings shall have power:
(1) To prepare plans and specifications for
the construction of "the Illinois waterway"
and its appurtenances;
(2) To construct, control, manage, main-
tain and operate such waterway and its ap-
purtenances:
(3) To use or to lease, in whole or in part,
the surplus waters of such waterway or the
power developed therefrom:
(4) To construct, maintain and operate
power plants, structures, biiildings and ap-
pliances relative thereto for the utilization of
the surplus waters arising from the construc-
tion, maintenance or operation of the water-
way, and to lease, sell or otherwise dispose of
the whole or any part of the- electrical cur-
rent or energy thereby generated:
(5) To establish and collect reasonable rates
of toll for the passage through and the use
of such waterway, dams, locks and other ap-
purtenances within the limits of the state,
but such waterway and its appurtenances shall
be free for the transportation of any prop-
erty of the United States or persons in the
service thereof passing through the same:
(6) To prescribe reasonable rules and regu-
lations in respect to all matters connected
with the navigation and use of such waterway
and its appurtenances:
(7) To acquire by donation, purchase, con-
tract or exchange any property, real or per-
sonal, necessary or incident to the construction,
maintenance, equipment, operation or repair
of such waterway and its appurtenances:
(8) To acquire by condemnation under the
eminent domain laws of this state all property
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
817
necessary to be taken or damaged for the
construction, maintenance, operation or repair
of such waterway and its appurtenances:
(9) To enter upon and use any lands, wa-
ters, streams and materials of any description,
necessary for the prosecution of the works
contemplated by this act:
(10) To repair, replace or reconstruct any
and all public bridges along- the line of such
waterway in order to provide safe and suitable
navigation along such waterway, and to re-
quire the removal or alteration of bridges
owned, controlled or operated by private cor-
porations or persons which hinder or obstruct
navigation :
(11) To exercise, during the construction of
such waterway, police jurisdiction over such
waterway and its appurtenances throughout
its entire extent and within a distance of one
mile on either side thereof outside the limits
of cities and villages, and to prescribe reason-
able police rules and regulations for the pres-
ervation of the public peace, the protection of
property and the conservation of health:
(12) To prescribe and enforce, during the
construction of such waterway, sanitary regu-
lations for all camps, boarding and rooming
houses and dwellings where employes of the
department or of the contractors on such wa-
terway and its appurtenances are domiciled:
(13) To sell and disnose of any machinery,
tools, fixtures, stone, debris, material or per-
sonal property unnecessary for the proper man-
agement, construction, repair or use of the
waterway or its appurtenances:
(14) To sell or to lease, from time to time,
any of the lands or- lots acquired for use in
the construction of such waterway, or in the
development of power incident thereto and no
longer needed for the maintenance, use and
operation of such waterway or water power:
(15) To employ, without reference to the
state civil service act. as many engineers,
draftsmen, surveyors, agents, clerks, superin-
tending or expert help, laborers and other per-
sons as may be necessary to the designing and
construction of the waterway and its appur-
(16) To make application to the federal
government for all necessary permits:
(17) To make all contracts and to do all
acts necessary to carry into effect the powers
herein granted.
In the construction of such waterway the
department of public works and -buildings may
proceed in either of the following ways:
(1) It may let the same or any part or
portion thereof to the lowest responsible bid-
der: or
(2) It may do the same or any part or por-
tion thereof, by the direct employment of serv-
ices, labor, materials and equipment, and may
procure and employ for such purpose the nec-
essary superintendents, agents, office force,
laborers, workmen, implements, tools, machin-
ery and all other employes, equipment and
services necessary or incidental to such con-
struction.
The gross or total proceeds, receipts and in-
come arising from the operation, management
and maintenance of "the Illinois waterway"
and its appurtenances, including all receipts
from the utilization or lease of water power,
shall be covered into a special fund in the
treasury which shall be known as "the water-
way maintenance fund."
ILLINOIS WATERWAY BONDS.
By an act approved June 17. 1919. the gov-
ernor and secretary of state are authorized to
have prepared and from time to time to ex-
ecute and deliver to the state treasurer bonds
of the state of Illinois to the . am.ount of
520,000.000 for the purpose of constructing
the deep waterway.
The bonds shall be known as Illinois water-
way bonds, shall be of the denomination of
81.000 each, numbered from 1 to 20,0.00 both
inclusive, be dated the 1st day of January.
1920. and bear interest, evidenced by coupons,
at the rate of 4 per centum per annum, pay-
able semiannually. and both principal and
interest shall be payable at the office of the
state treasurer. One million dollars in amount
of the bonds shall become due on the 1st
day of Januiry in each of the years 1921 to
1940. both inclusive.
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION.
That all of the provisions and benefits of an
act of congress entitled "An act to provide
for the promotion of vocational education: to
provide for co-operation with the states in
the promotion of such education in agriculture
and the trades and industries: to provide for
co-operation with the states in the prepara-
tion of teachers of vocational subjects, and to
appropriate money and regulate its expendi-
tures." approved Feb. 23, 1917, as amended,
hereinafter referred to as the federal voca-
tional education law, are hereby . accepted by
the state of Illinois.
Sec. 2. There is hereby established the board
of vocational education. The board of voca-
tional education shall consist of the director of
registration and education, the superintendent
of public instruction, the director of agri-
culture, the director of labor, and the director
of trade and commerce.
The director of registration and education
shall be the chairman of the board of voca-
tional education. ?nd the superintendent, of
public instruction shall be its executive officer.
The- director of registration and education,
the director of agriculture, the director of la-
hor. the di'vctor of trade and commerce and
the superintendent of public instruction shall
serve as members .of the board of vocational
education during the respective terms of of-
fice for which they shall have been appointed
or elected, as the case may be.
S?c. 3. The members of the board of voca-
tional education shall serve without compensa-
tion, but they shall be reimbursed for their
actual and necessary expenses incurred in the
discharge of duties under the provisions of
this act.
Sec. 4. The board of vocational education
shall have power and it shall be its duty:
(a) To co-operate with the federal board
for vocational education in the administration
of the provisions of the federal vocational
education law, to the extent and in the man-
ner t herein provided ;
(b) To promote and aid in the establish-
ment of schools and classes of the types and
standards provided for in the plans of the
board for vocational education, as approved by
the federal board for vocational education,
and to co-onerate with state and local school
i authorities in the maintenance of such schools
and classes:
(c) To conduct and prepare investigations
and studies in relation to vocational education
and to publish the results of such investiga-
tions and studies:
(d) Upon the recommendation of the ex-
ecutive officer to appoint, without reference to
any civil service law which is now or which
hereafter may be in force rn this state, such
technical assistants as may be necessary, and
to prescribe their duties, compensation and
terms of employment :
(e) Upon the recommendation of the ex-
ecutive officer to appoint, without reference
to the provisions of any civil service law
which is now or which hereafter may be in
force in this state, such clerks and stenog-
raphers and other employes as may be neces-
sary, and to prescribe their duties, compensa-
tion and terms of emDiovment-
818
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
(f) To promulgate reasonable rules and
regulations relating- to the enforcement of the
provisions of this act;
(g) To report, in writing-, to the governor,
annually on or before the first day of De-
cember, and at such other times and in such
manner and upon such subjects as the gov-
ernor may require. The annual report snail
contain (1) a statement of the extent to
which vocational education has been estab-
lished and maintained in the state; (2) a
statement of the existing- condition of voca-
tional education in the state; (3) a statement
of suggestions and recommendations with ref-
erence to the development of vocational edu-
cation in the state; and (4) an itemized state-
ment of the amounts of money received from
federal and state sources, and of the objects
and purposes to which the respective items of
these several amounts have been devoted: and
(h) To make such reports to the federal
board of vocational education as may be re-
quired by the provisions of the federal voca-
tional education law, and by the rules and
regulations of the federal board of education.
Sec. 5. The stats treasurer shall act as the
custodian of all moneys allotted to this state
under the provisions of the federal vocational
education law. These moneys shall be kept
by tne state treasurer in a separate fund, to
be known as "the federal vocational education
fund." and shall be paid out only upon the
requisition of the board of vocational educa-
tion, in the manner hereinafter provided.
The auditor of public accounts is hereby
authorized and directed to draw warrants upon
the state treasurer against "the federal voca-
tional education fund." upon vouchers certified
to as correct by the executive officer of the
board for vocational education and approved
by the department of finance.
Sec. 6. Because of an emergency this act
shall take effect upon its passage. (Approved
March 6, 1919.)
ENFORCEMENT OF LIQUOR LAWS.
Through the enactment of a law known as
the "search and seizure" act and approved
June 21, 1919, stringent provisions are made
for the enforcement of the liquor laws in
Illinois. Some of the main points in the act
follow:
"Whoever manufactures, sells or keeps for
sale any intoxicating liquor for medicinal,
sacramental, chemical, mechanical or manu-
facturing purposes, in prohibition territory,
shall first secure from the attorney-general of
this state a permit. Any person desiring to
obtain a permit shall file a written applica-
tion with the attorney-general, giving his
name and address, nature of his business and
full statement of grounds on which applica-
tion is made.
"Whoever shall, within prohibition territory.
in any manner manufacture, advertise, ssll.
keep for sale, order, purchase, receive, trans-
port, take an order for, give away or in any
manner dispose of any preparation, compound
or tablet from which intoxicating liquor as a
beverage is made, shall be punished in the
manner prescribed in section 8 of this act.
"Whoever shall, by himself or another, either
as principal, clerk or servant, within prohibi-
tion territory, directly or indirectly, in any
newspaper, periodical, circular, handbill or
price list, advertise any intoxicating liquor for
sale or distribution, or publish or distribute
any printed matter which either directly or
indirectly advertises any intoxicating liquor
for sale or distribution, or display or post
or suffer to be displayed or posted, in. on or
about any building, premises, boat, vehicle or
any other place whatsoever under his control,
any sign or other advertisement of any liquor
manufacturer, wholesale or retail liquor deal-
er, or display or post or suffer to be displayed
or posted, any sign or other advertisement in-
dicating that intoxicating liquor is kept or
distributed at such building, premises, boat,
vehicle or other place, shall be punished in
the manner prescribed in section 8 of this act.
"Whoever shall, by himself or another,
ither as principal, clerk or servant, within
this state, ship or cause to be shipped, or
offer for shipment, or transport by any means
whatsoever upon any highway in, through or
into prohibition territory, any vessel or pack-
age containing any intoxicating liquor which
is not so labeled or marked on the outside
cover thereof as to plainly show the true
name and address of the consignor and con-
signee, the kind and quantity of liquor con-
tained therein, and the purpose for which
such liquor is to be used by the consignee.
and the place where such liquor is to be used
by the consignee, shall be punished in the
manner prescribed in section 8 of this act.
"Whoever shall violate any provision of the
foregoing section of this act, or shall do or
neglect, omit or refuse to do, anything re-
quired or prohibited by this act when there
is no specific penalty or punishment imposed
by this act for such act or omission, shall for
each offense, unon conviction thereof, be fined
not less than 850. nor more than $500, or im-
prisoned in the county jail for not less than
twenty days nor more than sixty days, or both
in the discretion of the court. If any person
shall be convicted of violating any provision
of any such sections, and shall subsequently
violate any provision of any such sections, for
such second and each subsequent violation he
shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not
less than $200 nor more than $5.000. and be
imprisoned in the county jail for not less than
ninety days nor more than one year, in the
discretion of the court."
The act prescribes severe penalties for drug-
gists, pharmacists and physicians who violate
the conditions under which they may dis-
pense or prescribe liquors for medicinal, sac-
ramental or other permissible purposes.
"All places within prohibition territory where
any intoxicating liquor is manufactured, kept
for sale, used or in any manner disposed of in
violation of any provision of this act shall be
taken and held and are hereby declared to be
common nuisances, and may be abated as such.
"All intoxicating liquor manufactured, kept
for sale, used, disposed of or transported
within prohibition territory, in violation of
any law of this state, with all vessels con-
taining the same, and all implements, furni-
ture and vehicles kept or used for any such
purposes, are hereby declared to be common
nuisances, and shall be subjected to seizure,
confiscation and destruction in the manner
hereinafter provided: Whenever complaint is
made in writing, verified by affidavit, to any
judge having cognizance of criminal offenses
within such prohibition territory, that com-
plainant has just and reasonable grounds to
believe and does believe that intoxicating
liquor is manufactured, kept for sale, used,
disposed of or transported in violation of any
law of this state in any house, building,
premises, boat, vehicle, receptacle or any other
place whatsoever (particularly describing and
designating the same) in prohibition territory,
with the facts upon which such belief is based,
the judge may issue a search warrant as here-
inafter provided. Provided, however, no war-
rant shall be issued to search a private dwell-
ing occupied as such unless such warrant is
signed by two judges, and unless such resi-
dence is a place of public resort, or intoxicat-
ing liquor is sold or kept for sale in violation
of the law."
ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SCHOOLS.
Every person having control of any child
between the ages of 7 and 16 years shall an-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
819
nually cause such child to attend some public
school (or some private school in which the
instruction in the elementary branches of edu-
cation is in the English language) for the
entire time during- which the school attended
is in session, which shall not be less than
seven months of actual teaching: Provided,
however, that this act shall not apply in case
the child has been or is being- instructed for
a like period in each and every year in the
elementary branches of education by a person
or persons competent to give such instruction,
which instruction of the child in the elemen-
tary branches 'of education shall be in the
English language; or in case the child's physi-
cal or mental condition renders his or her at-
tendance impracticable or inexpedient; or in
case the child is excused for temporary ab-
sence for cause by the principal or teacher
of the school which the child attends; or in
case the child is between the ages of 14 and
16 years and is necessarily and lawfully em-
ployed during- the hours when the public
school is in session. For every neglect of the
duty prescribed by this section, the person so
offending- shall forfeit to the use of the pub-
lic schools of the city, town, or district in
which the child resides a sum not less than
$5 nor more than $20 and cost of suit, and
shall stand committed until such fine and
costs of suit are fully paid.
Because the English language is the common
as well as official language of our country,
and because it is essential to good citizenship
that each citizen shall have or speedily ac-
quire, as his natural tongue, the language in
which the laws of the land, the decree!, of the
courts and the proclamations and pronounce-
ments of its officials are made, and shall
easily and naturally think in the language in
which the obligations of his citizenship are
defined. the instruction in the elementary
branches of education in all schools in Illi-
nois shall be in the English language: Provid-
ed. That this shall not apply to vocatipnal
schools where the pupils have already received
the required instruction in English during the
current school year. (Approved June 28,
1Q1Q )
OLD SALEM STATE PARK.
On behalf of the state of Illinois, the depart-
ment of public works and buildings shall
have the power to acquire by donation the
title to the land formerly constituting the site
of the town of New Salem (the home of Abra-
ham Lincoln 1831-1837) and land contiguous
thereto, now the property of the Old Salem
Chautauqua association, comprising sixty-two
acres more or less. The title to such land
shall be taken in the name of the people of
the state of Illinois and the deed conveying
such property shall be deposited in the office
of the secretary of state. The land so acquired
shall be set aside as a state park, to be known
as the Old Salem State park, and shall
never be devoted to any other use.
Sec. 2. After the acquisition of the land
formerly constituting the site of the town of
New Salem and the land contiguous thereto
as aforesaid by the state of Illinois, it shall
be the duty of the department of public
works and buildings:
1. To take possession of such land and
establish and maintain thereon a state park
which, subject to such reasonable rules and
regulations as may be deemed necessary, shall
be free of access to the public.
2. Erect thereon a suitable building of
sufficient dimensions to house and preserve
all relics and mementos of Abraham Lincoln's
residence in the town of New Salem.
3. To provide a residence for the caretaker
or custodian of Old Salem State park, and
make such other improvements as may be
necessary.
4. Complete the restoration of, as far as
possible all buildings which were standing
thereon during the time that Abraham Lincoln
resided in the town of New Salem
*£' JCm1?loy a Caretaker or custodian for Old
salem State park; and
6. Employ such other persons at such times
of the public- (Ap-
HOUSING COMMISSION.
.The Illinois housing and building commis-
sion is hereby created. Such commission shall
consist of seven members, all to be appointed
by the governor. Of the seven members of
said commission two shall be members of the
senate of the 51st general assembly two shall
be members of the house of representatives
of the olst general assembly, one shall be an
architect, one shall be a building contractor
and the seventh member any voter in the
state of Illinois. The governor shall designate
the chairman of said commission.
Sec. 2. The commissioners shall meet and
organize as soon as possible after their ap-
pointment. The duties and functions of the
commission shall cease and the terms of office
or the members thereof shall terminate upon
the convening of the 52d general assembly
.Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the commis-
sion to prepare and draft a state housing code
a state building code, and a zoning bill for the
state of Illinois, for presentation to the 52d
general assembly.
. Sec. 4. The department of public works and
building-s, the department of public welfare
the department of public health, the depart-
ment of trade and commerce, the department
of labor, the joint legislative reference bureau
and all other departments and agencies of the
state government shall furnish such informa-
tion and assistance as may be required of
them by the commission, with reference to
the performance of its duties under the pro-
°f thl8 aCt' <APProve(* June 28,
ADVOCATING OVERTHROW OF
GOVERNMENT.
Be it enacted, etc. : That an act entitled
An act to revise the law in relation to crim-
inal jurisprudence," approved March 27. 1874
in force July 1- 1874. as amended, is amended
by adding- to division I. thereof six new sec-
tions, to be known as sections 265a 265b
265c, 265d, 265e, 265f and 265g, to read as
follows:
Sec. 265a. It shall be unlawful for any per-
son openly to advocate, by word of mouth or
writing, the reformation or overthrow, by vio-
lence or any other unlawful means, of the
representative form of government now se-
cured to the citizens of the United States and
I the several states by the constitution of the
' United States and the constitutions of the
seven 1 states.
Sec. 265b. It shall be unlawful for any per-
son to publish, issue or knowingly sell or dis-
tribute any book, paper, document or other
wntten or printed matter which advocates
cnme and violence as a means of accomplish-
ing the reformation or overthrow of the con-
stitutional representative form of government
so secured to the citizens of the United States
and the several states.
Sec. 265c. It shall be unlawful for any per-
son to organize, aid in the organization of. or
become a member of any society or associa-
tion the object of which is to advocate the
reformation or overthrow of the existing form
of government by violence or any other un-
lawful means.
Sec. 265d. It shall be unlawful for any per-
son voluntarily and with knowledg-e of the
820
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
purpose of such meeting- or assembly to be
present at any meeting- or assembly at which
the reformation or overthrow of the existing- !
lorm of government by crime and violence is
advocated.
Sec. 265e. It shall be unlawful for any per-
son owning-, possessing- or controlling the use
of any room, building- or other premises,
knowingly to permit the same to be used as
the headquarters of any organization which
advocates crime and violence or as a meeting
place for any meeting or assembly at which
crime and violence is advocated, as a means
of accomplishing the reformation or over-
throw of the existing form of government.
Sec. 265f. It shall be unlawful to display or
exhibit at any meeting, gathering or parade,
public or private, any flag, banner, emblem or
other insignia symbolizing or intending to
symbolize a purpose to overthrow by force or
violence or by physical injury to person or
property the representative form of gov-
ernment now secured to the citizens of the
United States and the several states by the
constitution of the United States and the con-
stitution £>i the state of Illinois.
Sec. 265g. Any person who shall violate sec-
lions 265a. 265b. 265c or 265f of this act
shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and upon
conviction therefor shall be punished by im-
prisonment in the penitentiary for a period of
not less than one year nor more than ten
years. Any person who shall violate sections
265d and 265e of this act shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction
therefor shall be punished by a fine or not
less than $500 nor more than 81,000, or by
imprisonment in the county jail for a period
of not less than six months nor more than
one year, or both. (Approved June 28, 1919.)
BOYCOTTS AND BLACKLISTS.
Section 46 of division I. of "An act to re-
vise the law in relation to criminal juris-
prudence." approved March -27, 1874, in force
July 1. 1874, as amended, is amended to read
as follows:
Sec. 46. If any two or more persons con-
spire or agree together, or the officers or
executive committee of any society or organi-
zation or corporation, shall issue or utter any
circular or edict, as the action of or instruc-
tion to its members, or any other persons,
societies, organizations or corporations, for
the purpose of establishing a so-called boycott
or blacklist, or shall post or distribute any
written or printed, notice in any place, with
the fraudulent or malicious intent wrongfully
and wickedly to injure the person, character,
business or employment, or property of an-
other, or to obtain money or other property
by false pretenses, or to do any illegal act
injurious to the public trade, health, morals,
police or administration of public justice, or
to prevent competition in the letting of any
contract by the state, or the authorities of
any counties, city, town or village, or to in-
duce any person not to enter into such com-
petition, or to commit any felony, they shall
be deemed - guilty of a conspiracy: and every
such offender, whether as individuals or as the
officers of any society or organization, and
every person convicted of conspiracy at com-
mon law. shall be imprisoned in the peniten-
tiary not exceeding five years, or fined not
exceeding 82,000, or both.
Associations, corporate or otherwise, of farm-
ers, gardeners or dairymen, including live
stock farmers and fruit growers, engaged
in making collective sales or marketing
for its members or shareholders of farm, or-
chard or dairy products, produced by its mem-
bers or shareholders, are not conspiracies, con-
tracts, agreements, arrangements or combina-
tions made by such associations or the
members, officers or directors thereof in mak-
ing such collective sales and marketing and
prescribing the terms and conditions thereof
are not conspiracies and they shall not be
construed to be injurious to the public trade.
(Approved June 30. 1919.)
COMMUNITY BUILDINGS.
Subject to the provisions of this act. any
town may levy an annual tax of not to ex-
ceed 2 mills on each dollar of the assessed
valuation of taxable property therein for the
purpose of erecting and maintaining commu-
nity buildings. Such tax shall be levied and
collected in the same manner as other general
taxes.
Sec. 2. Upon the filing with the town clerk
of any town a petition containing the names
of not less than fifty legal voters of such
town praying that the tax herein authorized
be levied, the question of levying such tax
shall be submitted to the voters of such town
at a special election to be called for that
purpose, not less than thirty nor more than
sixty days after the filing of such petition:
Provided. That the question of levying such
tax shall be submitted at a regular town elec-
tion if such election is to be held not less
than twenty nor more than ninety days after
the filing of the petition. And provided, fur-
ther. That such question shall not be sub-
mitted in any town in which there is a popu-
lation of over 5.000 inhabitants according to
the latest federal census.
Sec. 3. If a. majority of those voting on the
question of levying a tax for the establish-
ment, erection and maintenance of a commu-
nity building shall vote in favor thereof, an
annual tax of not to exceed 2 mills on each
dollar of the assessed valuation of the tax-
able property shall be levied and collected for
that purpose.
Sec. 4. The establishment or erection of a
community building and the maintenance there-
of shall be under the supervision of a board
of managers. The board of managers shall
consist of three persons, residents of the town,
who shall be elected at the regular town elec-
tion for a term of three years. The board of
managers shall serve without compensation.
The first board of managers shall be elected
at a special election called for that purpose
after the ratification of the question of levy-
ing the tax hereby authorized, one for one
year, one for two years and one for three
years, to be determined by lot. Thereafter
one person shall be annually elected to the
board of managers at the regular town elec-
tion, for a term of three years.
Sec. 5. The board of managers shall have
power to lease a building, or buildings, for
the establishment of a community building, or
to select a site and cause the erection of a
building for that purpose, and may exercise
any and all other powers necessarily incidental
in order to carry out the provisions of this
act. The town treasurer shall pay out moneys
derived from the tax hereby authorized only
on the order of a majority of the board of
managers.
Sec. 6. If the board of managers shall deem
it necessary to issue bonds for the purpose of
obtaining sufficient funds to establish a com-
munity building, it shall cause the question
of issuing such bonds to be submitted to a
vote of the people of the town, at an election
to be called for that purpose. Notices of such
election shall be posted in at least five of the
most public places in such town, for at least
ten days prior to the date fixed for holding
such election. Such notices shall state the
amount of bonds proposed to be issued, the
date of maturity and the rate of interest to
be paid thereon.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
821
The ballots for use in such election shall
be in substantially the. following form :
For bond issue of dollars
payable in years with interest
at the rate of per cent per an-
num for community building: pur-
Aerainst bond issue of dollars
payable in years with interest
at the rate of per cent per an-
num for community building- pur-
poses.
Such bonds shall mature on or before twenty
years from the date thereof and shall bear in-
terest at a rate not to exceed 5 per cent per
annum, payable annually or semiannually as
the board of managers may determine. If
the interest is to be paid semiannually. that
fact shall be stated in the notices of election
and on the ballots. Such bonds shall be sold
at not less than par. From the proceeds of
the annual tax levy authorized by this act,
the board of managers shall provide a sink-
ing fund for the retirement of such bonds,
and such bonds shall be payable only out of
such proceeds.
Sec 7. The community building of any town
may be dedicated to the soldiers and sailors
of such town and bronze tablets or other
memorials in honor of such soldiers and sail-
ors may be placed therein by the board of
managers.
Sec. 8. Subject to the reasonable rules and
regulations of the board of managers, the
community building shall be for the free use
and benefit of the inhabitants of such town
for lectures, concerts, free amusements and en-
tertainments, and all other general educational
purposes. The annual town meetings and
other public assemblies may be held therein.
The board of managers shall have power to
lease, temporarily, the community building
when not in use for public purposes for any
reasonable and legitimate private use on such
terms as may be deemed reasonable and prop
er. Private lessees of a community building
may charge admission fees. All money re-
ceived from temporary rentals shall be turnec
over to the town treasurer and shall be used
only for the maintenance of the community
building.
Sec. 9. The board of managers shall make
a full and complete annual report of all its
actions to the town board of auditors. (Ap-
proved June 30. 1919.)
CHICAGO— FIFTY WARDS.
Section 1. Be it enacted, etc.: That an act
entitled "An act to provide for the incorpora
tion of cities and villages," approved April 10
1872. as amended by subsequent acts, be and
the same hereby is amended, in pursuance of
section 34 of article IV. of the constitution,
by repealing the whole of part 4 of article
XII, added by the act approved June 27. 1913;
by adding to part 2 of article XII. of said act
one new section to be known as section 8: and
by adding to said article XII. two new parts
to be known as parts 4 and 5: which new
sections and parts shall read as follows:
Part Two.
Sec. 8. City Clerk and City Treasurer— Elec-
tion, Tenure. At the general election held in
1923. and quadrennially thereafter, there shall
be elected a city clerk and a city treasurer,
each of whom shall hold his office for a term
of four years and until his successor is elected
and qualified. No person, however, shall be
elected to the office of city treasurer for two
terms in succession.
Part Four.
Concerning the Election of Aldermen.
Sec. 8. General Municipal Elections for Al-
dermen—Terms Prescribed, (a) If the pro-
isions of this act become operative in time to
rovern the general election for aldermen to be
leld in the year 1920. one alderman shall then
be elected from each ward to serve for a
period of one year. If this act shall be
adopted at the same time as that at which
aldermen are elected in 4920, such aaopiion
shall limit the term of aldermen so elected
to one year. The general election for alder-
men under this aot in 1920 shall be held upon
the day prescribed by law for a primary to
elect delegates and alternate delegates to na-
tional nominating conventions and to secure
an expression with respect to candidates for
nomination for the office of president of the
United States, if such a primary is held in
the year 1920 and shall be conducted by the
same judges and clerks. All provisions of
election laws shall apply to such election,
except that the hours for keeping open the
polls shall be those prescribed by "An act to
provide for the holding of primary elections
by political parties." approved March 9. 1910.
in force July 1, 1910, as subsequently amend-
ed. A general election for aldermen shall be
held in the year 1921*. at the time prescribed
by law, at which one alderman shall be elected
from each ward to serve for a term of two
years. The next general election for alder-
men shall take place in the year 1923. at
which time one alderman shall be elected from
each waid and thereafter general elections for
aldermen shall be held each second and each
fourth year, according as the term of alder-
men is determined by popular vote under the
terms of this act to be two or four years.
(b) The terms of this paragraph shall apply
if this act does not become operative in time
to govern the general election for aldermen
in 1920 or to limit the terms of such alder-
men, but does become operative in time to
govern the general election for aldermen to
be held in the year 1921. One alderman shall
be elected from each ward at the general elec-
tion for aldermen in the year 1921. but no
general election for aldermen shall be held in
the year 1922. it being the purpose of this act
that the council shall be composed of one
alderman from each ward after the expiration
of the terms of aldermen elected at the gen-
eral election for aldermen in the year 1920.
Any person serving as alderman under an elec-
tion of 1920 may be a candidate for alderman
in the general election for aldermen to be held
in the year 1921. and his election at such
time shall constitute an abandonment of the
office held by him under his election in the
year 1920 for the unexpired term thereof, if
any. as soon as he has qualified under his
election in the year 1921. A general election
for aldermen shall be held in the year 1923, at
which one alderman shall be elected from each
ward, and thereafter general elections for al-
dermen shall be held each second or fourth
year, according as the term of aldermen is de-
termined by popular vote under the terms of
this act to be two or four years.
(c) If this act shall become operative at
any time subsequent to the times provided
for in the foregoing paragraphs, the provisions
of this paragraph shall govern. If the act
becomes operative in time to govern the gen-
eral election of aldermen to be held in an odd
numbered year, the provisions of this section
with respect to the election in the year 1921
shall apply, with appropriate changes of dates.
The terms of aldermen first elected shall al-
ways expire with the *f"-m of the mayor then
in office, and new elections for a two or four
year term, as the case may be, shall be held
822
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
at the time when the mayor is to be elected, i
If this act becomes operative in time to |
govern the general election of aldermen to be
held in an even numbered year which imme-
diately precedes the year in which a mayor
is to be elected, aldermen at such election
shall be elected for the term of one year,
and a general election for aldermen for a
two or four year term, as the case may be,
shall be held at the time when the mayor is
| to be elected. If this act becomes operative
. in time to govern th§ general election of alder-
i men to be held in an even numbered year
other than that which immediately precedes
the year in which a mayor is to be elected,
-aldermen at such election shall be elected for
a one year term, aldermen ait the next general
election for aldermen to be elected for a two
year term, if a two year term shall have
been adopted by a popular vote under the
terms of this act: if under the terms of this
act a four year term for aldermen shall have
been adopted then aldermen shall be elected
for a three year term at the election of such
even numbered year. New elections for a two
or four year term, as the case may be. shall
then take place at the time when the mayor
is to be next elected.
(d) All elections for aldermen shall be in
accordance with the provisions of law in force
and operative in the city of Chicago for such
elections at the time that such elections are
held, and vacancies occurring in such office
shall be filled in the manner prescribed by law
for filling vacancies. Except as otherwise pro-
vided in this section, the number of aldermen
under the provisions of this act shall be one
from each ward.
Sec. 2. Salary of Aldermen. The aldermen
elected under the provisions of this act may
receive for their services such compensation
as shall be fixed by ordinance, at the rate
of not to exceed $5.000 per annum for each
alderman. The salaries of the aldermen elected
at the first general election for aldermen pro-
vided for in this act shall be fixed by the
outgoing- council.
Part Five.
Concerning the Redistricting of the City Into
Wards.
Section 1. City to Have Fifty Wards. The
city of Chicago shall be divided into fifty
wards. In the formation of wards the popu-
lation of each shall be as nearly equal as
practicable and each shall be composed of
contiguous and compact territory.
Sec. 2. Additional Territory to Be Annexed
to Existing Wards. Whenever territory is an-
nexed to the city, the city council shall by
ordinance declare it a part of the ward or
wards which it adjoins: Provided. That at any
time after such territory is annexed the city
council may provide for the redistricting of
the city in accordance with the provision of
this act.
Sec. 3. City to Be Redistricted After Adop
tion of the Act. Within three months after
the adoption of this act by the voters it shall
be the duty of the city council to pass an
ordinance redistricting the city into fifty wards
in accordance with the provisions of this act.
Such redistricting of the city shall not apply
to the general election for aldermen to be held
in the year 1920. but shall apply to the first
general election thereafter and until the city
is again redistricted as herein provided for.
All elections of aldermen shall be held from
the present wards until a redistricting is had
as provided for in this act.
Sec. 4. Wh<>n Redistrietin-? Ordinance Takes
Effect— Substitute Ordinance May Be Sub-
mitted. No such redist-ic ing- ordinance shall
take effect until the expiration of fifteen days
after its passage. If within such fifteen days
one-fifth or more of the aldermen elected, who
did not vote to pass such redistricting ordi-
nance, file with the city clerk a proposed sub-
stitute ordinance redistricting the city in ac-
cordance with the provisions of this act, to-
gether with a petition signed by them demand-
ing that the question of the adoption of the
redistricting ordinance passed by the city coun-
cil, together with the question of the adoption
of such substitute ordinance, be submitted to
the voters, then such redistricting ordinance
passed by the city council shall not go into
effect until the question of this adoption shall
have been submitted to a popular vote: Pro-
vided, That no aldermen shall have the right
to sign more than one such petition. Upon
the expiration of such fifteen days the city
clerk shall promptly certify to the board of
election commissioners of the city of Chicago
the ordinance passed by the city council and
such substitute ordinance or ordinances and
petition or petitions, and it shall thereupon
be the duty of the board of election commis-
sioners to submit the ordinances so certified to
a popular vote at the next general, municipal
or special election, to be held in and for the
entire city not less than forty days after the
passage of such redistricting ordinance by the
city council. •
Sec. 5. Failure of Council to Act— One-Fifth
of the Aldermen May Submit Rediatricting Or-
dinance. If the city council shall fail at any
time to pass a redistricting ordinance as re-
quired herein, one-fifth or more of the alder-
men elected shall have the right to file with
the city clerk, not less th;<n forty days before
the date of holding any general, municipal or
special election, 19 be held in and for the en-
tire city, an ordinance redistricting the city
in accordance with the provisions of this act.
together with a petition signed by them de-
manding that such ordinance be submitted to
the legal voters at the next such election in
and for the entire city to be held not less
than forty days after the filing of such ordi-
nance and petition: Provided, That no alder-
man shall have the right to sign more than
one such petition. Upon the expiration of the
time for filing any such ordinance the city
clerk shall promptly certify to the board of
election commissioners of the city of Chicago
any ordinance or ordinances, together with any
petition or petitions, so filed: and thereupon
it shall be the duty of the board of election
commissioners to submit such ordinance or or-
dinances to a popular vote at the election
specified in such petition or petitions: Pro-
vided. That if, after the filing of any such
ordinance and petition and not less than forty
days prior to* such election, the city council
shall pass an ordinance redistricting the city,
then the question of the adoption of any ordi-
nance or ordinances filed with the city clerk
in accordance with the provisions of this sec-
tion shall not be submitted to a popular vote.
However, after such action by the city coun-
cil, a substitute ordinance or ordinances may
be proposed in the manner provided in section
4 hereof.
Sec. 6. Redistricting Ordinance Submitted—
Form of Ballot. H the question of the adop-
tion of one of two or more redistricting ordi-
nances is submitted to the voters at any elec-
tion, the ballots used for the submission of
such proposition shall, in addition to the other
requirements of law, conform substantially to
the following- requirements:
1. Above the propositions submitted the fol-
lowing words shall be printed in capital
Tetters :
"Propositions for the Redistricting- of the
City of Chicago."
2. Immediately below said words shall be
ALMANAC, AND YEARBOOK FOR 1920.
823
printed in small letters the direction to voters:
"Vo'e for One."
3. Following thereupon shall be printed each
proposition to be voted upon in substantially
the following- form:
For the adoption of an ordinance for
the redistricting of the city of Chi-
cago (here insert "passed by the
city council" or "proposed by Al-
dermen (here insert names of the
aldermen signing petition)" as the
case may require) .
For the adoption of an ordinance for
the redistricting of the city of Chi-
cago proposed by Aldermen (here
insert names of the aldermen sign-
ing the petition).
Whenever the question of the adoption of
but one redistricting ordinance shall be sub-
mitted to the voters, the form of the ballot
shall be substantially as follows:
Shall the ordinance proposed by
Aldermen (here insert the
names of the aldermen sign-
ing the petition) be adopted?
Yes
No
4. All the propositions shall be printed in
uniform type.
Sec. 7. Redistricting Ordinance Submitted—
When Approved and in Effect. If the question
of the adoption of one of two or more re-
districting ordinances is submitted to the voters
at any election, the ordinance for which the
highest number of votes is cast shall be
deemed approved and shall thereupon be in
force and effect. If the question of the adop-
tion of but one such ordinance is submitted
at any election and a majority of the votes
cast thereon are for the adoption of such or-
dinance, it shall thereupon be in force and
effect: otherwise such ordinance shall not go
into effect.
Sec. 8. Election and Ballot Laws to Apply
Where Consistent Herewith. All election and
ballot laws in force in the city of Chicago
governing the submission of propositions to a
popular vote or applicable thereto and not
inconsistent with the provisions of this act
shall apply to and govern the submission of
any propositions herein provided for.
Sec. 9. Redistricting in 1931 and Decen-
nially Thereafter. On or before the 1st day of
December. 1931. and every ten years there-
after, the city council shall by ordinance re-
district the city on the basis of the national
census of the preceding- year. All provisions
of this act. relating to redistricting of the city
immediately following the adoption of this
act. including the provisions for the filing and
submission of substitute or other redistricting
ordinances, shall apply with equal force and
effect to the redistricting of the city in 1931
and decennially thereafter.
Sec. 2. This act shall not be in force in the
city of Chicago until the question of its adop-
tion shall first have been submitted to the
legal voter,s of the city of Chicago and ap-
proved by a majority of those voting thereon.
The question of the adoption of this act by
the city of Chicaero shall be submitted to such
legal voters at the first general, municipal or
special election, to be held in and for the en-
tire city after the passage of this act. or be-
fore that time at a special election to be called
by the city council by ordinance.
If this act shall fail to be adopted at the
election aforesaid by a majority of the legal
voters of the city of Chicago voting thereon.
the city council of the city of Chicago may
by ordinance direct that the question of the
adoption of this act be again submitted to
such legal voters at any such general, muni-
cipal or special election in and for the entire
city to be held not less than thirty days from
and after the passage of such ordinance, and
not less than fifteen months prior to the ex-
piration of the term of the mayor in office at
the time of the passage of such ordinance.
The city clerk of the city of Chicago shall
promptly certify the passage of such ordi-
nance to the board of election commissioners
of the city of Chicago, and it shall thereupon
be the duty of said board of election com-
missioners to submit the question of the
adoption of this act to such legal voters at
such election.
If this act shall fail to be adopted at the
election first provided for herein by a ma-
jority of the legal voters thereon, the ques-
tion of the adoption of this act may also
again be submitted to the legal voters of the
city of Chicago, at any general, municipal or
special election to be held in and for the
entire city not less than forty days from and
after the filing of the petition* hereinafter
provided for, and not less than fifteen months
prior to the expiration of the term of the
mayor in office at the time of tiling such
petition, in the following manner: A peti-
tion signed by legal voters of the city equal
in number to at least 5 per cent of the
legal voters of the city voting at the last
preceding election for mayor, demanding the
suomission of the question of the adoption of
this act, may be filed with said board of
election commissioners and it shall thereupon
be the duty of said board of election com-
missioners to submit the question of the
adoption of this act to such legal voters at
the election specified in said petition.
If this act shall fail to be adopted at any
time at which it is submitted under the re-
quirements of this section by a majority of
the legal voters of the city of Chicago vot-
ing thereon, then it may be resubmitted from
time to time by ordinance or petition as above
provided.
The said board of election commissioners
shall give notice of any election provided for
in this section by publishing a notice thereof,
not less than twenty days prior to such, elec-
tion, in at least one newspaper of general
circulation published in the city of Chicago.
The ballot to be used at such election shall
be in substantially the following form:
For the adoption of an act to
amend an act entitled "An
act to provide for the incorpo-
ration of cities and villages,"
so as to provide for the elec-
tion of one alderman from
each ward, for redistricting
the city of Chicago into fifty
wards and for the election of
the city clerk and city treas-
urer for terms of four years
each.
Yes
No
If a majority of the legal voters of the city
of Chicago, voting thereon at any such elec-
tion, shall vote for the adoption of this act,
it shall thereby and thereupon be adopted and
shall be in force and effect and become opera-
tive in the city of Chicago. Aldermen elected
at the election of 1923 and at general elec-
tions for aldermen subsequent thereto shall
serve for the term determined by popular vote
in accordance with the provisions of this
section. At any time when the question of
the adoption of this act is submitted to the
legal voters of the city of Chicago, there
824:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
shall also be submitted upon the same ballot
questions to appear as follows :
"Vote for one."
For the adoption of a two year term
for aldermen
For the adoption of
for aldermen.
four year term
If a majority of those voting on the ques-
tions shall vote for a two year term, the
term of aldermen elected in 1923 and at sub-
sequent general elections for aldermen shall
•be two years, and a general election for alder-
men shall be held at the time prescribed by
law. each second year after 1923. If a ma-
jority of those voting on the question shall
vote for a four year term, the term of alder-
men elected in 1923 and at subsequent gen-
eral elections for aldermen shall be four years
and a general election for aldermen shall be
held at the time prescribed by law each fourth
year after 1923. If this act shall be adopted
so as to become operative subsequent to the
general election to be held in the year 1923,
a general election for aldermen shall always
come at the same time as the election for
mayor.
Sec. 3. That an act constituting- part 4 of
article XII. and entitled "An act to amend
article XII. of an act entitled 'An act to
provide for the incorporation of cities and
villages,' approved April 10, 1872, as amended
by subsequent acts and as amended by an act
approved May 18, 1905, and in force July 1,
1905," approved June 27, 1913, be and the
same is hereby repealed. (Approved June 28,
1919.)
CITY COUNCILS AND TRUSTEES— POWERS
—ZONING.
Section 1. Be it enacted, etc.: That in addi-
tion to existing powers, and to the end that
adequate light, pure air and safety from fire
and other dangers may be secured, that the
taxable value of land and buildings through-
out the city or village may be conserved, that
congestion in the public streets may be less-
ened or avoided, and that the public health,
safety, comfort and welfare may otherwise be
promoted, the city council in each city, and
the president and board of trustees in each
village, shall have the following powers:
To regulate and limit the height and bulk
of buildings hereafter to be erected, to regu-
late and limit the intensity of the use of lot
areas and to regulate and determine the area
of yards, courts and other open spaces within
and surrounding such buildings: to classify,
regulate and restrict the location of trades
and industries and the location of buildings
designed for specified uses; to make regula-
tions designating the trades and industries
that shall be excluded or subjected to special
regulations within fixed districts and desig-
nating uses for which buildings may not be
erected or altered in such district; to divide
the city or village or portions of same into
districts of such number, shape and area as
may be deemed best suited to carry out the
purposes of this act. including the power to
create and establish residential districts within
which new buildings designed for business
may be excluded, restricted or limited, and
including the power to regulate and restrict
the location of trades and industries and
buildings designed for same in such a way
that classes of industries which affect the
general comfort of the public may be ex-
cluded from districts where commercial and
professional pursuits which do not affect the
comfort of the public are carried on; and to
prevent the alteration or remodeling of exist-
ing buildings in such a way as to avoid the
restrictions and limitations lawfully imposed
on any such district : Provided, That in ordi-
nances passed under the authority of this act
due allowance shall be made for existing con-
ditions, the conservation of property values,
the direction of building development to the
best advantage of the entire city or village,
and the uses to which property is devoted at
the time of the enactment of any such ordi-
nance, and that the powers of this act given
shall not be exercised so as to deprive the
owner of any existing property of its use for
the purpose to which it is then lawfully de-
voted: And provided, further. That nothing in
this act shall be construed to prevent addi-
tions to and alterations of any existing plant
or building made to further the purpose to
which it is then lawfully devoted.
Sec. 2. No ordinance under the authority of
this act shall be enacted until a public hear-
ing has been held upon the subject matter of
the proposed ordinance before a commission,
board or committee authorized by the city
council in cities, or the president and board
of trustees in villages, to investigate and make
recommendations concerning such subject mat-
ter, and an opportunity afforded the owners
of land or lots within the proposed district to
file written objection as herein provided for.
Such public hearing shall be held only after
publication in a newspaper of such city or
village of a notice of the time and place of
such hearing at least thirty days in advance
thereof and the posting of such notice at not
less than four different places within such dis-
trict, which notice shall indicate the bound-
aries of the territory to be affected both by
the designation of the street and house num-
bers included and by the legal description of
the property therein, and shall state what
regulations under the authority of this act
•affecting such territory are to be considered
at such hearing. In addition to making pub-
lication and posting notices as herein provided,
the officer or officers authorized to hold said
public hearing shall cause a notice of simi-
lar import to be mailed to the person shown
by the records of the county collector as the
one who paid the taxes during the last pre-
ceding calendar year on each lot, block, tract
or parcel of land situated within such ter-
ritory, at the residence of the person so paying
the taxes on each lot, block, tract or parcel
of land, if the same can on diligent inquiry
be found, and if the same cannot on diligent
inquiry be found, such notice shall be directed
to such person at the general delivery of the
ppstoffice in the city or village in which said
district is proposed to be made. Th'e affidavit
of the officer designated by ordinance as the
one to give such notice to the effect that
such publication was made in such newspaper
and by such posting and that such notices
were mailed shall be taken as conclusive evi-
dence that sufficient notice was given to all
parties interested. When a district is first
created no ordinance shall be passed hereun-
der which shall enlarge or reduce or other-
wise change the boundaries of the territory as
indicated in such notice without another such
notice and public hearing. Said public hear-
ing shall be conducted by the said commis-
sion, board or committee and may be tempo-
rarily adjourned and reconvened from time to
time until final adjournment at the discretion
of the said commission, board or committee.
After such final adjournment said commission,
board or committee shall make its report and
recommendation to the city council or board
of trustees, as the case may be, and file the
same with the city or village clerk within
ten days of the date of such adjournment.
Sec. 3. At any time after the public hearing
herein provided for, and not more than thirty
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
825
days after such commission, board or com-
mittee shall file its report as required herein,
the owners of a majority of the land or lots
within the proposed district according to
frontage on the streets dedicated to public
use shall have the right to file their objection
in writing1 to the formation of such district
or to the regulations or restrictions proposed
therein Such written objection may consist
of one sheet or of a number of sheets bound
together, with the signatures of such owners,
the location of the property and the amount
of frontage owned by each stated thereon
after each name, and the same may be filed
with the commission, board or committee
designated as the proper authority to conduct
such proceedings. Upon the filing of such
objection, if it shall appear that the owners
of such a majority according to frontage are
opposed to the formation or creation of such
district as is proposed, or to the regulatwns
or restrictions proposed for any such district,
all proceedings for same shall be discontinued,
and no ordinance for the creation or forma-
tion of such district in such territory shall
be passed, and no new proceedings for the
formation or creation of such district within
the said territory shall be begun within one
year after the filing of such objection: Pro-
vided. That if said objection shall state that
it is directed only against certain of the pro-
posed regulations and restrictions, specifying
same, new proceedings as herein provided for
may be begun at any time for the purpose of
creating such district after changing or modi-
fying the proposed regulations and restrictions.
Sec. 1. The regulations imposed and the dis-
tricts created under the authority of this act
may be amended, supplemented or changed
from time to time by ordinance after the
ordinance establishing- same has gone into ef-
fect, but no such change shall be made with-
out notice and public hearing in the same
manner as when such district is first created,
and in case of written protest against a pro-
posed amendment, supplement or change,
signed by the owners of 20 per cent of the
frontage proposed to be altered, or by the
owners of 20 per cent of- the frontage im-
mediately adjoining or across an alley there-
from, or by the owners of 20 per cent of
the frontage directly opposite the frontage
proposed to be altered, filed with the said
commission, board or committee so designated,
such amendment shall not be passed except
by the favorable vote of two-thirds of the
members of the city council in cities or of
the members of the board of, trustees in vil-
lages: Provided. That it shnll always be within
the power of the owners of a majority of the
lands and lots according to frontage within
a proposed addition to such district to pre-
vent such addition by filing objection thereto
as herein provided.
Sec. 5. Upon the passage of an ordinance
under the authority of this act a certified
copy of the same, together with a plat of the
territory affected certified to by the mayor of
the city or president of the board of trustees
of the village, as the case may be. shall
be filed for record in thj office of the recorder
of deeds of the count in which the said ter-
ritory is located, and no such ordinance shal]
take effect until the same is so recorded. (Ap-
proved June 28. 1919.)
NONPARTISAN ELECTIONS FOR
ALDERMEN.
Section 1. Be it enacted, etc.: That an ad
entitled "An act to provide for the incor-
poration of cities and villages." annrovec
April 10. 1872. in force July 1. 1872, as
amended by subsequent acts, be and the same
is hereby amended, in pursuance of section 34
of Article IV, of the constitution, by adding
o article XII. thereof twelve new sections to
be known as sections 4, 5, 6, 7. 8, 9, 10, 11.
12. 13 and 14 of part 4 thereof, said new
sections to read as follows:
Part Four.
Sec. 4. To Whom Applicable. The provi-
sions of this act shall apply to all elections
for aldermen in the city of Chicago. The name
of no person shall be printed upon the official
ballot as a candidate for alderman unless
the terms of this act shall have been com-
plied with. If recall elections are provided
for, to be held within the city of Chicago, the
provisions of this act shall apply to such
elections, except to the extent that provisions
inconsistent herewith are made by law provid-
ng- for such recall elections.
Sec. 5. Times for Elections. General elec-
tions for aldermen shall be held in the year
or years fixed by law for holding- the same,
on the last Tuesday of February of such year.
Any supplementary election for aldermen held
under the provisions of this act shall be held
on the first Tuesday of April next following
the holding of such general aldermanic elec-
tion. Special aldermanic elections shall be
held on the date provided for by the ordinance
calling- the same, and if followed by a sup-
plementary election, such supplementary elec-
tion shall be held four weeks thereafter.
If any general municipal election for alder-
men is held at any date other than the last
Tuesday in February, the supplementary mu-
nicipal election following the same shall be
held four weeks after the date of such gen-
eral municipal election.
Sec. 6. Candidate Receiving- Majority Elect-
ed—Supplementary Elections. The candidate
receiving a majority of the votes cast for al-
derman in each ward at any general -or special
election shall be declared elected. In the event
that no candidate receives a majority of such
votes in any ward or wards a supplementary
election shall be held at the time prescribed
in the preceding- section. At such supplement-
ary election the names of the candidates in
each of such wards receiving- the highest and
second highest number of votes at the preced-
ing- general or special election and no others
shall be placed on the official ballot: Pro-
vided, however. That if there be any candidate
who. under the provisions of this section,
would have been entitled to a place on the
ballot at the supplementary election except
for the fact that some other candidate received
an equal number of votes, then all such can-
didates receiving- such equal number of votes
shall have their names printed on the ballot
as candidates at such succeeding- supplement-
ary election. The candidate receiving the
highest number of votes at such supplement-
ary election shall be declared elected. Such
supplementary election shall be deemed a spe-
cial election under the election and ballot laws
in force in the city of Chicago and shall be
governed thereby except in so far as such
laws are inconsistent with the provisions of
this act.
Sec. 7. Nomination by Petition. All nom-
inations for aldermen of any ward in the city
shall be by petition. All petitions for nomina-
tions of candidates shall be sisrned by such a
number of legal voters as will aggregate not
less than 2 per cent and not more than 5
per cent of all the votes cast for alderman in
such ward at the last preceding general elec-
tion. All such petitions', and procedure with
respect thereto, shall conform in other respects
to the provisions of the election and ballot
laws then in force in the city of Chicago con-
cerning- the nomination of independent candi-
dates for public office by petition. The method
of nomination herein provided is exclusive of
and replaces all other methods heretofore pro-
vided by law.
826
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Sec. 8. Candidates May Withdraw. Any can-
didate for alderman under the provisions of
this act may withdraw his name as a can-
didate by filing- with the board of election
commissioners of the city of Chicago not later
than twenty days before the holding- of the
election his written request signed by him and
duly acknowledged before an officer qualified
to take acknowledgments of deeds, whereupon
his name shall not be printed as a candidate
upon the official ballot.
If any candidate at an aldermanic election
who was not elected as provided for herein
but who shall have received sufficient votes
to entitle him to a place on the official ballot
at the ensuing supplementary election shall
die or withdraw his candidacy before such
supplementary election, the name of the can-
didate who shall receive the next highest num-
ber of votes shall be printed on the ballot in
lieu of the name of the candidate who shall
have died or withdrawn his candidacy.
Sec. 9. Form of Ballot. Ballots to be used
at any general, supplementary or special elec-
tion held under the provisions of this act. in
addition to other requirements of law, shall
conform to the following requirements:
(1) At the top of the ballots shall, be
printed in capital letters the words designating
the ballot. If a general aldermanic election
the words shall be "Official aldermanic elec-
tion ballot": if a supplementary election the
designating words shall be "Official supple-
mentary aldermanic election ballot"; if a spe-
cial aldermanic election, the words shall be
"Special aldermanic election ballot."
(2) Beginning not less than one inch be-
low such designating words and extending
across the lace of the ballot, the title of each
office to be filled shall be printed in capital
(3) The names of candidates for different
terms of service therein (if any there be),
shall be arranged and printed in groups ac-
cording to the length of such terms.
(4) Immediately below the title of each
office or group heading indicating the term
of office, shall be printed in small letters the
directions to voters. "Vote for one."
(5) Following thereupon shall be printed
the names of the candidates for such office
according to the title and the term thereof
and below the name of each candidate shall
be printed his place of residence, stating the
street and number (if any). The names of
candidates shall be printed in capital letters
not less than one-eighth nor more than one-
quarter of an inch in height, and immediately
at the left of the name of each candidate
shall be printed a square, the sides of which
shall not be less than one-quarter of an inch
in length. The names of all the candidates
for each office shall be printed in a column
and arranged in the order hereinafter desig-
nated: all the names of candidates shall be
printed in uniform type: the place of residence
of such candidates shall be printed in uniform
type: and squares upon said ballots shall be
of uniform size: and spaces between the names
of the candidates for the same office shall be
of uniform size.
(6) Said ballots shall be prepared in as
many series as there are candidates in the
group in which there are the most names: the
ballots of the first series shall contain all the
names of the candidatps for each group to
be filed, one immediately following the
other in alphabeticnl order according to their
surnames; the ballots of the second series
shall be like those of the first series, and the
names of the candidates in the second series
shall be arranged in the same order as those
of the first series, except that the name ap-
pearing first in the list of candidates for each
group in said first series shall, in said second
series, be printed after all the other names
in the list of candidates for such group: the
ballots of the third series shall be like those
of the second series, and the names of the
candidates in the third series shall be arranged
in the same order as those of the second se-
ries, except that the name first appearing in
the list oif candidates for each group in said
second series shall, in said third series, be
printed after all the other names in the list
of candidates for such group; and so on suc-
cessively, the name at the top of any list ol
candidates for each group in any series being
placed at the bottom of the respective lists
of candidates for such group in each succeed-
ing series, and the name next to the top name
in any list of candidates for each group being
successively advanced to the top of the list
of any succeeding series, until the name of
each candidate for each group shall appear
at the head of the list of candidates for such
group.
Sec. 10. Allotment of Ballots by Precincts.
Each precinct of any ward shall be allotted
at least 10 per cent more ballots of any one
series than there are registered voters in such
precinct. Every precinct in such ward shall
be allotted a- different series of ballots unless
there are more precincts in such ward than
there are series of ballots printed for such
ward. The first precinct of each ward shall
be allotted the first series of ballots, the sec-
ond precinct of such ward the second series,
and so on successively until the entire series
of ballots shall have been exhausted, where-
upon the next precinct of such ward shall be
allotted the first series of ballots, and so on
in rotation until all the precincts of such ward
shall have been supplied with the requisite
number of ballots: Provided, however. That in
the event that there are more series of bal-
lots than there are precincts in any ward, then
the ballots for such ward shall be so distrib-
uted in said ward that an equal number of
each series of ballots as nearly as possible
shall be allotted to such ward irrespective of
the number of precincts in such ward.
On the back or outside of the ballot of each
precinct so as to appear when folded shall' be
printed the appropriate words designating said
ballot, followed by the designation of said pre-
cinct, the date of the election, and a facsimile
oi the proper election official.
Sec. 11. Party Designations Prohibited— Bal-
lot to Be Separate from Other Ballots. No
party name, party initial, party circle, plat-
form, principle, appellation or distinguishing
mark of any kind shall be printed upon any
election ballot used at any election held tinder
the provisions of this act.
If any party primary election or any elec-
tion for any office other than aldermanic shall
be held at the same time with any aldermanic
election, the ballots for aldermen shall be sep-
arate from all other ballots, except that any
question of public policy not required by law
to be submitted on a separate ballot from
that containing the names of persons to be
voted for may be submitted in the manner
provided by law upon the same ballot as that
used for an aldermanic election: Provided.
That the polls shall be opened and closed for
any aldermnnic election at the snme time as is
provided for the opening and closing of any
party primnry election for any office other
than alderman held at the same time.
Sec 12. Challengers and Watchers. Any
candidate for alderman \inder the terms of
1 this act may appoint in writing- over his sig-
nature not more than one representative for
each place of voting, who shall have the right
to act as challenger and watcher for such can-
didate at any election at which his name Is
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR I82o.
827
being- voted upon. Such challeng-er and
watcher shall have the same powers and
privileges as a challenger and watcher under
the election laws of this state applicable to
Chicago. No political party shall have the
right to keep any challenger or watcher at
any polling- place at any election held under
the provisions of this act unless candidates
for some office other than alderman are to be
voted for at the same time.
Sec. 13. Certificate of Election. No certifi-
cate of election shall be given to any candi-
date who shall be declared elected at any gen-
eral aldermanic election until after the date
fixed by this act for the holding- of the sup-
plementary election herein provided for.
Sec. 14. Election Laws Apply When Consist-
ent Herewith. All laws in force in the city
of Chicago governing- elections for municipal
offices or applicab'e thereto and not incon-
sistent with the provisions of this act shall
apply to and govern all elections held under
the terms of this act.
Sec. 2. Adoption of This Act. This act shall
not be in force in the city of Chicago until
the question of its adontion shall first have
been submitted to the legal voters of the city
of Chicago and approved by a majority of
those voting: thereon.
The question of the adoption of this act
by the city of Chicago shall be submitted to
such legal voters at the first general, munic-
ipal, or special election in and for the entire
city to be held after the passage of this act,
or before that time at a special auction to
be called by the city council by ordinance.
If this act shall fail to be adopted at the
election aforesaid by a majority of the legal
voters of the city of Chicago voting- thereon,
the city council of the city of Chicago may
by ordinance direct that the question of the
adoption of this act again be submitted to
such legal voters at any general, municipal or
special election in and for the entira city to
be held not less than thirty days from and
after the passage of such ordinance. The city
clerk of the city of Chicago shall promptly
certify the passage of such ordinance to the
board of election commissioners of the city of
Chicago, and it shall thereupon be the duty of
said board of election commissioners to submit
the question of the adoption of this act to
such legal voters at such election.
If this act shall fail to be adopted at the
election referred to in paragraph 2 of this
section by a majority of the legal voters vot-
ing thereon, the question of the adoption of
this act may also again be submitted to the
legal voters of the city of Chicago at any
general, municipal or special election in and
for the entire city to be held not less than
forty days from and after the filing- of the
petition hereinafter provided for. in the fol-
lowing manner: A petition signed by legal
voters of the city equal in number to at least
5 per cent of the legal voters of the city vot-
ing at the last preceding election for mayor,
demanding the submission of the question of
the adoption of this act. may be filed with
said board of election commissioners, and it
shall thereupon be the duty of said board of
election commissioners to submit the question
of the adoption of this act to such legal voters
at the election specified in said petition.
If this act shall fail to be adopted, at any
time, at which it is submitted under the re-
quirements of this section, by a majority of
the legal voters of the city of Chicago voting:
thereon, then it may be resubmitted from time
to time by ordinance or petition as above
provided.
The said board of election commissioners
shall give notice of any election provided for
in this section by publishing a notice thereof,
not less than twenty days prior to such elec-
tion, in at least one newspaper of general cir-
culation published in the city of Chicago.
The ballot 19 be used at such election shall
be in substantially the following form:
For the adoption of an act to
amend an act entitled "An act
to provide for the incorpora-
tion of cities and villages."
so as to provide for nonparti-
san elections for aldermen in
the city of Chicago.
Yes
If a majority of such legal voters of the
city of Chicago, voting thereon at any such
election, shall vote for the adoption of this
act, it shall thereby and thereupon be adopt-
ed. (Approved June 28, 1919.)
MUNICIPAL CONVENTION HALLS.
Every city in this state which has a popu-
lation exceeding 100.000 inhabitants shall
have power and authority, and such power and
authority are hereby granted, to acquire, own.
construct, manage, control, maintain and op-
erate within the corporate limits of such city
a municipal convention hall or municipal
convention halls with all necessary adjuncts
thereto.
Sec. 2. Acquisition of Property— Appropria-
tions—Taxes— Bonds. Every such city shall
have full power to acquire by dedication, gift,
lease, contract, purchase or condemnation all
property and rights, necessary or proper, with-
in the corporate limits of the city, for such
municipal convention h->ll purposes: and to ap-
propriate money, to levy and collect taxes, to
borrow money on the credit of the city lor
such purposes and to issue bonds therefor.
In all cases where property is acquired or
sought to be acquired by condemnation, the
procedure shall be. as nearly as may be. like
that provided for in an act entitled "An act to
provide for the ex^cise of the right to emi-
nent domain." approved April 10, 1872. in
force July 1. 1872, and all amendments there-
to now in force or which may hereafter be
enacted.
Sec. 3. Appropriations and Bond Issues-
How Made. All appropriations and bond is-
sues for the use of any such municipal con-
vention hall shall be made by the city council
in the manner provided by law. All warrants
upon which any portion of said funds is to
be paid out sh^ll bear the signature of such
official or officials as may be designated by
the city council.
Sec. 4. Payment of Bonds and Interest. The
city council shall, in the manner and at the
time or times provided by law. by ordinance
provide for the collection of a direct annual
tax sufficient to pay the interest on such bonds
as it falls due. and also to pay and discharge
the principal thereof at the time such princi-
pal falls due.
Sec. 5. Letting Convention Hall to Assem-
blage. Every such city which shall acquire
and own under the provisions of this act a
municipal convention hall, shall have power
and authority, and such power and authority-
are hereby granted, to license or lease out all
or any part of the same to gatherings or
assemblages for definite short periods of time,
upon such terms and compensation as may be
prescribed by the city council or as may be
determined by and through ordinances, rules
or regulations passed or prescribed by the
city council.
Sec. 6. Free Use to Inhabitants and Local
Organizations. The city council under rules
and regulations prescribed by general ordi-
nance, and not otherwise, may provide for
granting the free use of such municipal con-
vention hall to the inhabitants of such city
828
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
or to local bodies or organizations existing
within such city, for civic, patriotic, educa-
tional, charitable or political uses and pur-
poses and for historic celebrations, free amuse-
ments, concerts, entertainments, lectures and
discussions.
Sec. 7. City Council May Pass Ordinances
to Regulate Convention Hall. The city coun-
cil may from time to time establish by ordi-
nance all needful rules and regulations for the
management and control of any such municipal
convention hall. All ordinances for the vio-
lations of which fines are imposed shall be
published in the newspaper selected as the of-
ficial journal of the city, and the same may be
printed in book or pamphlet form in such
manner as the city council shall direct, and
rules framed in conformity with such ordi-
nances shall be brought to the notice of the
public by being posted in conspicuous places
in the convention hall. When such ordinances
are printed in book or pamphlet form, pur-
porting to be published by authority of the
city council, such book or pamphlet shall be
received as evidence of the contents of such
ordinances, and of the passage and publica-
tion thereof as of the dates therein men-
tioned in all courts without further proof.
Sec. 8. Books of Account. Every city own-
ing and operating any such municipal conven-
tion hall shall keep books of account for
such convention hall, separate and distinct
from other city accounts and in such manner
as to show the true and complete financial
standing and results of such city ownership
and operation. Such account shall be so kept
as to show the actual cost v to such city of
maintenance, extension and improvement; all
operating expenses of every description; if wa-
ter or other service shall be furnished for the
use of such convention hall without charge,
the accounts shall show, as nearly as possible,
the value of such service, and also the value
of any use or service rendered by the conven-
tion hall to the city without charge; such
accounts shall also show reasonable allow-
ances for interest, depreciation and insurance,
and also estimates of the amount of taxes
that would be chargeable against such prop-
erty if owned by a private corporation. The
city council shall cause to be printed an-
nually for 'public distribution a report show-
ing the financial results, in form as aforesaid,
of such city ownership and operation. The
accounts of such convention hall, kept as
aforesaid, shall be examined at least once a
year by an expert accountant, who shall re-
port to the city council the results of his
examination. Such expert accountant shall be
selected in such manner as the city council
may direct, and he shall receive for his serv-
ices such compensation, to be paid out of the
income or revenues from such convention
hall, as the city council may prescribe.
Sec. 9. Definitions. The following words
and phrases in this act shall, unless the same
are inconsistent with the context, be con-
strued as follows:
1. The words "convention hall" or "mu-
nicipal convention hall" shall be construed to
mean a municipally owned building or audi-
torium with all necessary adjuncts thereto,
used, licensed or leased out for definite short
periods of time for gatherings or assemblages
of people, either small or large, whether local,
state, or national in character.
2. The words "municipal convention hall
purposes" shall be construed to mean the mu-
nicipal corporate purposes defined and desig-
nated in this act.
3. The objects and purposes in this act
defined and set forth are hereby declared to
be municipal corporate objects and purposes.
Sec. 10. Act Not to Be Affected by Inva-
lidity of Any Part. If any section, subdivision
or clause of this act is for any reason held
invalid or unconstitutional, such decision or
holding shall not affect the validity of the re-
maining portions of this act which can be
given effect without such invalid part. (Ap-
proved June 28. 1919.)
ASSESSMENT OF PROPERTY.
Be it enacted, etc.: That sections 17 and 18
of an act entitled "An act for the assessment
of property and providing the means therefor,
and to repeal a certain act therein named,"
approved Feb. 25, 1898, in force July 1, 1898,
as subsequently amended, be and the same are
hereby further amended so that said sections
shall read respectively as follows:
Sec. 17. The assessor shall furnish to each
person required to list personal property a
printed blank schedule, forms to be furnished
by the auditor of public accounts, upon which
shall be printed a notice substantially as fol-
lows:
"This schedule must 'be filled out, sworn to
and returned to me in person or by mail at
(address) on or before
You are to give a full,
fair cash value of the articles mentioned as
well as the amount of money required to be
returned. Only one-half of the several amounts
will be taken and assessed for the purpose of
taxation.
( Signature)
"Assessor."
There shall also be printed upon such blank
the schedule now required by law, and the
following, which, is a part of this section:
And every person required to list personal
property or money shall fill out, subscribe and
swear to. and return to the assessor in per-
son or by mail, at the time required, such
schedule in accordance with law, giving the
numbers, amounts, quantity and quality of all
the articles enumerated in said schedule by
him possessed, or under his control, required
to be listed by him for taxation. The as-
sessor shall determine and fix the fair cash
value of all items of personal property, in-
cluding all grain on hand on the 1st day of
April, and set down the same, as well as the
amounts of notes, accounts, bonds and mon-
eys, in a column headed "full value," and as-
certain and assess the same at one-half part
thereof, and set down said one-half part there-
of in a column headed "assessed value," which
last amount shall be the assessed value there-
of for all purposes of taxation. The assessor
or some person authorized by law to adminis-
ter an oa.th shall adminster the oath re-
quired in this section.
Sec. 18. Personal property shall be valued
at its fair cash value, less such deductions as
may be allowed -by law to be made from
credits, which value shall bo set down in one-
column, to be headed "full value." and one-
half part thereof shall be ascertained and set
down in another column which shall be headed
"assessed value." Real property shall be
valued at its fair cash value, estimated at the
price it would bring at a fair voluntary sale
in the course of trade, which shall be set
down in one column to be headed "full value,"
and one-half part thereof shall be set down
in another column, which shall be headed "as-
sessed value."
The state board of equalization in valuing
property assessed by them shall ascertain and
determine respectively the fair cash value of
such property, which fair cash value shall be
set down in one column to be headed "full
value," and one-half part thereof shall be
ascertained and set down in another column,
which shall be headed "assessed value." The
one-half value of all property so ascertained
and set down shall be the assessed value for
all purposes of taxation, limitation of taxa-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
829
tion and limitation of indebtedness prescribed
in the constitution or any statute. (Approved
June 30. 1919.)
RATES OP TAXATION.
All cities, villages and incorporated towns
in the state now having: the power to levy
and collect as high a rate of taxation as is
herein authorized and provided for, shall here-
after have power to assess, le'. y and collect.
annually upon the taxable property within
their respective limits, for all corporate pur-
poses. in addition to all taxes which any such
city town or village may now or hereafter
be authorized by law to levy and collect to
support and maintain schools, erect school
buildings and for all other school purposes.
and to pay interest on its registered bonded
indebtedness, such an amount as their re-
spective corporate authorities may prescribe.
not exceeding in any year the rate of 40
cents on each $100 of the assessed valuation
of such taxable property as equalized by the
state board of equalization for the preceding
year. And the rate authorized by this act
shall be in lieu of all rates and items of tax-
ation now provided and authorized in such
charters, for all purposes other than schools,
the erection of school buildings and all other
school purposes, and for paying interest on
the registered bonded indebtedness of such
city, town or village. (Approved June 30.
The city council of each city and board of
trustees of each village or incorporated town,
whether organized under the general law or
special charter, which include wholly within
their corporate limits a town or towns, shall
have power and may annually levy a tax for
street and bridge purposes of not to exceed
24 cents on each $100 on all the taxable
Sroperty in any township lying wholly with-
i the limits of such city, village or incor-
porated town: Provided. That if in the opin-
ion of three-fourths of the members elected to
the city council or board of trustees of such
city, village or incorporated town, a greater
levy for bridge and street purposes is needed
in view of some contingency, an additional
levy may be made of any sum not exceed-
ing 16 2-3 cents on the $100 of such taxable
property. Said street and bridge tax author-
ized by this act shall be in addition to any
tax any such city, village or incorporated
town is now authorized to levy for street or
bridge purposes and shall be in addition
to the tax that such city, village or incor-
porated town is now authorized to levy upon
the aggregate valuation of all property within
such city, village or incorporated town, and
the county clerk, in reducing tax levies tinder
the provisions of section 2 of an act entitled
"An act concerning- the levy and extfnsion of
taxes." approved May 9. 1901. in force July 1,
1901, as subsequently amended. sha>l consider
said street and bridge tax authorized by this
act as a road and bridge tax. and not to be
included in the limitation of 2 per cerM "f
the assessed valuation upon which taxefl .ire
required to be extended. (Approved Ju* 30.
1919.)
Levy and Collection of Taxes.
The city council or board of trustees, as
the case may be. shall annually, on or before
the third Tuesday in September in each year,
ascertain the total amount of appropriations
for all corporate purposes legally made and
to be collected from the tax levy of that
fiscal year; and. by an ordinance specifying
in detail the purposes for which such appro-
priations are made and the sum or amount
appropriated for each purpose respectively.
shall levy the amount so ascertained upon all
the property subject to taxation within the
city or village as the same is assessed and
equalized for state and county purposes for
the current year. A certified copy of such
ordinance shall be filed with the county clerk
of the proper county, whose duty it shall be
to ascertain the rate per cent which, upon the
total valuation of all property subject to tax-
ation within the city or village as the same is
assessed and equalized for state and county
purposes, will produce a net amount of not
less than the amount so directed to be levied,
and it shall be the duty of the county clerk
to extend such tax in a separate column upon
the book or books of the collectpr or col-
lectors of state and county taxes within such
city or village. And where the corporate
limits of any city or village shall lie partly in
two or more counties, the city council or
board of trustees shall ascertain the total
amount of all taxable property lying within
the corporate limits of saM city or village in
each county as the same is assessed and equal-
ized for state and county purposes for the
current year, and certify the amount of tax-
able property in each county within said city
or village, under the seal of said city or vil-
lage, to the county clerk of the county where
the seat of government of such city or vil-
lage is situated, whose duty it shall be to
ascertain the rate per cent which, upon the
total valuation of all property subject to tax-
ation within the city or village, ascertained as
aforesaid, will produce a net amount not less
than the amount so directed to be levied; and
said clerk shall, as soon as said rate per cent
of taxation is ascertained, certify under his
hand and seal of office to the county clerk
of any other county wherein a portion of
said city or village is situate, such rate per
cent, and it shall be the duty of such county
clerk to whom such rate per cent is certified
to extend such tax in a separate column upon
the book or books of the collector or col-
lectors of the state and county taxes for such
county against all property in his county
within the limits of said city or village; Pro-
vided, the aggregate amount of taxes so levied
for any one year, exclusive of the amount
levied for the payment of bonded indebted-
ness or interest thereon, and exclusive of
taxes levied for the purposes of pension funds,
public library and municipal tuberculosis sani-
tarium, shall not exceed the rate of 1.43%
per centum from the taking- effect of this act
to and including- the year 1921 and thereafter
not to exceed eight-tenths of 1 per centum in
cities vand villages of 150.000 or more popu-
lation according to the last national or ^tate
census, and the aggregate amount of taxes so
levied for any one year, exclusive of the
amount levied for the payment of bonded in-
debtedness or. interest thereon and exclusive
of taxes authorized by law for specific pur-
poses shall not exceed the rate of 1% per
centum from the taking effect of this act to
and including the year 1921 and thereafter
eight-tenths of 1 per centum in cities and
villages of less than 150.000 population ac-
cording to the last national or state census,
and county taxes for the current year: And
provided further: That nothing herein con-
tained shall be held to repeal or modify the
limitations contained in an act entitled "An act
concerning- the levy and extension of taxes,"
approved May 9, 1901. in force July 1. 1901.
as subsequently amended. The city council,
board of trustees, or mayor and commission-
ers, as the case may be. of any city or village
having- a population of less than 20,000 shall
have the power, for the purpose of oiling the
streets or public highways within the corporate
limits of such city or village, to direct the
payment of the costs thereof out of any
moneys in the city or village treasury not
otherwise appropriated. (Approved June 30,
191 £7.)
830
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
SANITARY DISTRICT AND ELECTRICAL
ENERGY.
The sanitary district of Chicago is empow-
ered upon such terms and conditions as may
be agreed upon between the board of trustees
of the sanitary district of Chicago and the
department of public works and buildings of
the state of Illinois, to develop into electrical
energy any water power in the Des Flames
river rendered available by the construction
of the Illinois waterway, or to lease or pur-
chase any electrical energy developed by the
state of Illinois in connection with the Illi-
nois waterway in the Des Plaines river. The
electrical energy acquired under the provisions
of the act may be transmitted to the various
cities, villages and towns within the sanitary
district of Chicago, or adjacent to the main
channel of the santfary district of Chicago, or
the city of Joliet, and sold to any public
agency, person, firm or corporation for public
or private consumption upon such terms and
conditions as may be agreed to by the sanitary
district of Chicago, subject, however, to the
right of the public utilities commission of the
state of Illinois to fix the maximum rate
which may be charged for any electrical
energy developed from such water power.
(Approved June 17. 1919.)
PENSIONING OF JUDGES.
Any judge of a court of record in the state
of Illinois, whether of the Supreme. Circuit,
Superior, Probate. County, City or Municipal
court, who has served as a judge in any one
or more of said courts for a period or pe-
riods aggregating twenty-four years, when he
reaches the age of 65 years and shall by res-
ignation or otherwise have ended such serv-
ice, shall, after such service of twenty-four
years and after reaching the age of 65 years,
be entitled to and shall receive annually a pen-
sion during the remainder of his life for a
sum equal in amount to one half the sum an-
nually received as compensation for his judi-
cial service during the last year thereof.
The pension of any such judge shall be
paid in the same manner as the salary of such
judge was paid during his peroid of service
from state, county or city respectively or out
of moneys not otherwise appropriated.
(Approved June 28. 1919.)
AMERICAN INDIAN DAY.
The fourth Friday of September of each
year is hereby designated "American Indian
Day," to be observed throughout the state
as a day on which to hold appropriate exer-
cises in commemoration of the American
Indians. (Approved June 28, 1919.)
ENLARGING LINCOLN PARK.
The commissioners of Lincoln park are au-
thorized, if the proposition is approved by the
voters, to issue from time to time bonds not
to exceed $2,000,000 for the purpose t)f en-
larging and improvinsr Lincoln park and com-
pleting work already begun. (Approved May
-j -i Q1 O \
FOR BOULEVARD LINK.
The commissioners of Lincoln park are also
authorized, upon approval by the voters, to
issue bonds not to exceed $1,000.000 to aid
in the construction of elevated boulevards, the
approaches thereto, etc., located wholly or in
part in the district taxable for the mainte-
nance of Lincoln park. (Approved June 28.
1919.)
WOMAN SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT
RATIFIED.
Illinois was the first state in the union to
ratify the woman suffrage amendment to the
federal constitution. Both houses of the leg-
islature June 10, 1919, passed a joint resolu-
tion ratifying the amendment. Owing to a
minor error in. the wording the resolution
was again passed June 17. The vote in the
house was 132 to 3. only Representatives
Browne of LaSalle and Representatives Grif-
fin and Smith of Chicago voting no. In the
senate there was no negative vote.
NATIONAL PROHIBITION AMENDMENT
RATIFIED.
The prohibition amendment to the federal
constitution was ratified by the senate Jan. 8.
1919, and the house Jan. 14. The vote in
the senate was 30 to 16 and in the house
84 to 66.
OTHER LEGISLATION.
Among- the acts passed by the 51st general
assembly not specified in the foregoing list
were the following :
Revising the game and fish code.
Creating the Zion City investigating com-
mission.
Amending the law in relation to arbitrations
and awards.
Providing for the licensing of architects and
regulating the practice of architecture.
Revising the law with relation to banks
and banking.
Establishing a state sanitarium for female
offenders above the age of 18 years.
Defining and regulating boarding homes for
children.
Amending the act defining the powers of
officers of cities and villages.
Amending the state civil service law.
Amending the various corporation laws.
Amending securities or "blue sky" law.
Amending laws relating to county com-
missioners.
Amending the Chicago Municipal court law
and increasing the salary of the clerk and
bailiff to $9,000 each.
Amending certain sections of the criminal
code.
Enlarging the Chicago sanitary district to
include territory in and near Brookfield. La-
Grange, Western Springs and LaGrange Park.
Extending the north shore sanitary district
to the Wisconsin state line.
Providing for voting by absentees.
Allowing judges and clerks of election $6
a day for their services.
Amending the law in relation to the nomi-
nation of candidates by political parties.
Providing for the registration of electors
under board of election commissioners.
Providing for the rehabilitation of physi-
cally incapacitated persons.
Revising the workmen's compensation law.
Providing for fire escapes on certain build-
ings.
Revising the act in relation to idiots, drunk-
ards and spendthrifts.
Revising the insurance laws.
Providing for the establishment of a college
of veterinary surgeons at the University of
Illinois.
ulating the practice of optometry.
lating the practice of nursing,
ising the laws in relation to health and
of persons employed in coal mines.
Regulating the use of motor vehicles.
Revising or amending certain pension laws.
Revising the inheritance tax law.
Amending the mothers' pension act.
Amending numerous Chicago bond bills to
conform with new basis of assessments.
Authorizing the award of medals to soldiers
and sailors.
Regulating state finances.
Regulating and licensing of structural en-
gineers.
Making appropriations for state aid roads,
the Illinois waterway, governmental, educa-
tional and other state purposes.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
831
Tht CAPITOL
EXECUTIVE MANSMOtf
ILLINOIS STATE OFFICIALS.
833
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ILLINOIS CIVIL LIST.
Corrected to Dec. 1. 1919.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
Governor— Frank O. Lowden. B.. Oregon.$12,000
Lieutenant-Governor—John G. Og-lesby,
R.. Elkhart 2,500
Secretary of State — Louis L. Emmerson.
R.. Mount Vernon 7.500
Auditor— Andre wRussel, R., Jacksonville 7,500
Treasurer— Fred E. Sterling, R., Rock-
ford 10,000
Superintendent of Public Instruction-
Francis G. Blair, R., Charleston 7,500
Attorney-General—Edward J. Brundage.
R., Chicago .-..-• 10,000
The Adjutant-General—Gen. F. S. Dick-
son 7.UUU
Secretary to Governor— G. D. Sutton.
Oregon 5,000
THE SUPREME COURT.
The Supreme* court consists of seven judgres.
elected for a term of nine years, one from each
of the seven districts into which the state is
divided. The election is held in June of the
year in which any term expires.
Justices.
Salary $10.000.
Dist. Term expires.
1. Warren W. Duncan, Marion 1%X$
2 William M. Farmer, Vandalia 1924
3. Frank K. Dunn, C. J., Charleston.... 1924
4 Floyd E. Thompson, Rock Island 1921
5. Clyde E. Stone. Peoria 192'
6. James H. Cartwright, Oregon 1924
7. Orrin N. Carter. Chicago 1924
Clerk— Charles W. Vail: salary, $7,500.
Deputy Clerk— Robert L. Conn.
MS^SSSh £ wTlLnin: salary. $3.000.
Terms of court are held in Springfield, com-
mencing on the first Tuesday in February,
April, June, October and December.
COURT OF CLAIMS.
Appointed by governor; term four years: office
in Springfield; salary, $1,500.
Ralph E. Eaton, chief justice Mount Carroll
W. S. Phillips Ridgeway
Benjamin H. Miller Libertyville
Secretary (ex officio) — Louis L. Emmerson,
Springfield.
STATE BOARD OF LAW EXAMINERS.
Appointed by Supreme court.
Albert Watson, president Mount Vernon
Albert M. Rose Louisville
James W. Watts Dixon
Frederick A. Brown Chicago
Charles L. Bartlett, secretary and treas. . Quincy
COMMITTEES ON CHARACTER AND
Dist. FITNESS.
1. Silas H. Strawn. chairman Chicago
Mitchell D. Follansbee Chicago
Charles R. Webster Chicago
Frederick A. Brown Chicago
2. James W. Watts, chairman Dixqn
George Sucher Peoria
Henry S. Dixon Dixon
Eugene W. Welch Galesburg
3. Henry A. Neal, chairman Charleston
Clifton J. O'Harra Carthage
Franklin L. Velde Pekin
Charles L. Bartlett Quincy
4. Albert Watson, chairman. . . .Mount Vernon
J. G. Burnsides Vandalia
Robert M. Farthing Mount Vernon
Samuel W. Baxter East St. Louis
Albert M. Rose. . . . . .Louisville
STATE BOARD OF EQUALIZATION.
Salary. $1.000.
Elected Nov. 7, 1916. Term of office, four years.
1. C. J. Ewerts. R. 2514 Wentworth-av...
Chicago
2. C. W. Secord. R.. 437 W. 117th-st.. Chicago
3. L. Withall. R., 5148 S. Homan-av.. Chicago
4. D. F. Sullivan. D.. 1524 W. 51st-st..
Chicago
5. J. J. Viterna. D., 2157 Hastings-st., Chicago
6. Thos. M. Ryan. D.. 230 S. Euclid-av...
Chicago
7. William M. Malone. R Park Ridge
8. B. S. Mindak, D., 1515 N. Ashland-av...
ghicago
hie
9. F. A. West, R....2121 N. Clark-st., Chicago
10. H. T. Nightingale, R Evanston
11. Herbert S. Williams, R Harvard
12. George S. Faxon, R Piano
13. W. G. Kent, R Dixon
14. Fred W. Young, R Rock Island
15. H. G. Henry, R Camp Point
16. D. F. Velde. R Pekin
17. John E. Shackleton. R Cornell
18. William T. Hollenbeck, R Marshall
19. Frank A. Wharton, R Atwood
20. Louis D. Hirsheimer. D Pittsfield
21. Joseph F. Bunn. R Springfield
22. Edward W. Hilker, R Madison
23. Edgar E. Fyke. D Centralia
24. Ralph Proctor. R McLeansboro
25. Thomas B. F. Smith, R Carbondale
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.
Located at Champaign and Urbana.
Board of Trustees.
Ex Officio Members— The governor, the 8tate
superintendent of public instruction.
Robert F. Carr. Highland Park 1921
Robert R. Ward, Benton 1921
Laura B. Evans. Taylorville 1921
William L. Abbott. Chicago 1923
Mrs. Mary E. Busey, Urbana 1923
Otis W. Hoit, Geneseo 1923
Cairo A. Trimble, Princeton 1925
John M. Herbert. Murphysboro 1925
Mrs. Margaret D. Blake. Chicago 1925
Officers.
President of University — Dr. Edmund J. James.
Acting President— Dr. David Kinley.
Secretary — Harrison E. Cunningham, Urbana.
Comptroller— Lloyd Morey. Urbana.
Registrar— Charles M. McConn. Urbana.
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.
All the officers in this and the other state
administrative departments are appointed by
the governor with the advice and consent of
the state senate. Department offices are in
Springfield.
Director— Omar H. Wright. Belvidere . . . . $7,000
Assistant Director — Everett H. Tripp.
Belvidere 4.200
Administrative Auditor — Joseph C. Ma-
son. Chicago 4,800
Superintendent of Budget — W. H. Mc-
Lain, Spring-field 3,600
Superintendent of Department Reports—
A. T. Spivey. East St. Louis 3,600
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Director — Charles Adkins. Bement $6,000
Assistant Director— H. H. Parks, Syca-
more 3,600
Superintendent of Foods and Dairies-
John B. Newman, Elgin 4,800
Superintendent of Animal Industry — W.
W. Wright, Toulon 3.600
Superintendent Plant Industry (vacancy). 3.600
Chief Veterinarian— A. T. Peters. Peoria. 4.200
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
833
Chief Game and Fish Warden— Ralph F.
Bradford. Pontiac 3.600
General Manager of State Fair— B. M. Davi-
son, Marshall.
Board of Agricultural Advisers.
Alvin H. Sanders ^Y?^0
Eugene Davenport Urbana
Eugene Funk Bloomington
J. T. Williams Sterling
W. S. Corsa Whitehall
J. P. Mason v,E^in
W. E. Taylor Molme
C. V. Gregory Chicago
C R Doty Charleston
John M. Crebs Carmi
H. J. Sconce ....Sidell
J. F. Prather Wilhamsville
J. G. Imboden .Decatur
J. C. Sailor Cissna Park
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.
Director— Barney Cohen. Chicago $5.000
Assistant Director— Burt C. Bean. Chi-
cago 3,000
Chief Factory Inspector— Robert S. Jones.
Flora 3,000
Superintendent Free Employment Agen-
cies—W. C. Lewman. Danville 3.000
Chief Inspector Private Employment
Agencies— John J. McKenna. Chicago. 3.000
Industrial Commission.
Charles S. Andrus, Springfield, chairman. 85. 000
Robert Eadie. Springfield 5.000
Peter Angsten. Chicago 5.00'
James A. Culp, Blue Island ^-^9
Omer N. Custer. Galesburg 5,000
Free Employment Offices.
Superintendents.
East St. Louis Stewart Campbell
Chicago Charles J. Boyd
Peoria Thomas Metts
Rockf ord Peter T. Anderson
Springfield Luther O. German
Rock Island-Moline Fred W. Rmck
Advisory Board, Free Employment Offices.
F. S. Diebler Chicago
Dr. A. H. R. Atwood Chicago
Oscar G. Mayer Chicago
John H. Walker Springfield
Mrs. Raymond Robins Chicago
DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINERALS.
Director— Joseph C. Thompson. Benton. $5.000
Assistant Director— Martin Bolt, Spring-
field 3.000
Mine Officers.
William Button. DuQuoin $500
James Richards. Belleville 500
M. S. Coleman. Harrisburg 500
James Needham. Chicago 500
Miners' Examining Board.
William Hall. Springfield 51.800
William H. Turner. Collinsville 1.800
Joseph C. Viano. Coal City 1,800
John A. Tuttle, Harrisburg, secretary 1.800
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND
BUILDINGS.
Director — Frank I. Bennett. Chicago $7.000
Assistant Director — Thomas G. Vennum.
Watseka 4.000
Supt. of Highways— S. E. Bradt. DeKalb. 5.000
Chief Highway Engineer — Clifford Older.
Springfield 5,000
Supervising Engineer — Fred J. Postel.
Chicago 4,000
Supervising Architect— Edgar D. Martin.
Chicago 4,000
Superintendent of Waterways — William
L. Sackett. Morris 5.000
Superintendent of Printing— H. L. Wil-
liamson. Springfield 5.000
Superintendent of Purchases and Sup-
plies—Henry H. Kohn, Anna $5,000
Superintendent of Parks— Frank D. Low-
man. Sandwich 2.500
Board of Art Advisers.
Frederick Clay Bartlett Chicago
Ralph Clarkson Chicago
Lorado Taf t Chicago
Albin Polasek f Chicago
Irving K. Pond Chicago
Martin Roche Chicago
Martin A. Ryerson Chicago
Hugh S. Magill. secretary Springfield
Board of Highway Advisers.
A. R. Hall Danville
lobert D. Clarke Peoria
William G. Edens Chicago
Harry S. Sholes Lexington
J. M. Page Jerseyville
Board of Parks and Building Advisers.
Charles L. Hutchinson Chicago
George W. Maher Chicago
Frank E. Davidson Chicago
Tulius W. Hegeler Danville
S. R. Lewis Marseilles
Board of Water Resource Advisers.
E. S. Conway Chicago
John T. Pirie Chicago
Joy Morton Chicago
George T. Page Peoria
Charles B. Fox East St. Louis
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE.
Director — Charles H. Thorne. Chicago $7,000
Assistant Director — James E. McClure.
Carlinville 4.000
Alienist — H. Douglas Singer, Kankakee. . 5,000
Criminologist— Herman M. Adler, Chicago 5.000
Fiscal Supervisor — Frank D. Whipp.
Springfield 5.000
Superintendent of Charities — A. L.
Bowen. Springfield 5,000
Superintendent of Prisons — John L.
Whitman, Chicago 5,000
Superintendent of Pardons and Paroles —
William Colvin. Springfield 5,000
Division of Visitation of Adnlt Blind (118
North LaSalle street, Chicago) —Charles
E. Comstock. managing officer.
Division of Visitation of Children (Spring-
field)—Charles Virden. state agent.
State Psychopathic Institute (Chicago)— H.
Douglas Singer. M. D.. M. R. C. P.. alienist.
Juvenile Psychopathic Institute (1812 West
Polk street. Chicago)— Herman M. Adler.
M. D., criminologist.
Division of Pardons and Paroles— Will Colvin.
superintendent: John L. Whitman, associate;
James E. McClure. associate.
Welfare commissioners — Frank P. Norbury,
M. D., Springfield: Benjamin R. Burroughs,
Edwardsville: Emil G. Hirsch, Chicago;
Amelia B. Sears. Chicago: Annie Hinrich-
sen, executive secretary. Springfield.
State Charitable Institutions.
Elgin State Hospital— Ralph T. Hinto. M. D.,
managing officer.
Kankakee State Hospital — Eugene Cohn, M. D.,
managing officer.
Jacksonville State Hospital— E. L. Hill. M. D.,
managing officer.
Anna State Hospital — Cyrus H. Anderson, M.
D.. managing officer.
Wptertown State Hosnital. East Moline— M. C.
Hawley. M. D.. managing officer.
Peoria State Hospit al— Ralph A. Goodner,
M. D.. managing officer.
Chicago State Hospital, Dunning-— Charles F.
Read. M. D.. managing officer.
Alton State Hospital— George A. Zeller. M. D..
managing officer.
Lincoln State School and Colony — C. B. Cold-
well, M. D., managing officer.
Dixon State Colony— H. B. Carriel. M. D.,
managing officer.
834
ALMANAC AND' YE'AR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Illinois School for the Deaf, Jacksonville— H.
T White, managing1 officer.
Illinois School for the Blind. Jacksonville— R.
W. Woolston, managing- officer. ,nr>n
Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind 1900
Marshall boulevard, Chicag-o— H. O. Hilton,
IllTnoT Sfldi^'and Sailors' Home, Quincy-
John E. Andrew, managing- officer.
Soldiers' Widows' Home of Illinois, Wilming-
ton-Mrs Nettie F. McGowan, managing
HUno'lsT' Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Normal-
John W. Rodgers. managing officer.
Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, 904
West Adams street, Chicago— H. J. Snath,
M. D., managing officer. . - .» "»j
St Charles School for Boys— Col. C. B. Adams,
StatTTSinffchool for Girls. Geneva-Clara
CM-
(Not organ-
State Penal Institutions.
Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet— E. J. Mur-
phy, warden.
•Ne
, .
•New Penitentiary, Lockport.
Southern Illinois Penitentiary, Menard— James
. Menard-Frank A.
Stubblefield, M. D.. managing . officer
Illinois State Reformatory, Pontiac— James F.
Scouller, general superintendent.
Men. created 1919.
with the penitentiary building commission
which is in charge of_building construction.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH.
Director— C. St. Clair Drake. Springfield $6,000
Assistant Director-George T. Palmer.
Spring-field • 3,000
Superintendent Lodging House Inspec-
tion— William W. McCulloch. Chicago .3.000
Executive Division— Amos Sawyer, chief clerk.
Division of Communicable Diseases— John J.
McShane. M. D.. Dr. P. H.. chief
Division of Tuberculosis— George T. Palmer.
M. D.. acting chief.
Division of Diagnostic Laboratories — Eva
Faught, acting chief. __
Division of Sanitary Engineering— Paul Han-
sen, chief sanitary engineer.
Division of Surveys and Rural Hygiene— Paul
L. Skoog. acting supervisor.
Division of Hotel and Lodging House Inspec-
tion—W. W. McCulloch, superintendent, of-
fice 130 North Wells street. Chicago.
Division of Vital Statistics— Sheldon Howard,
registrar.
Division of Public Health Instruction— Samuel
W. Kessinger. editor.
Division of Social Hygiene— G. G. Taylor, M.
D chief
Division of Child Hygiene and Public Health
Nursing— C. W. East, M. D., chief.
Laboratories.
Main Laboratory (for the diagnosis of diph-
theria, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, malaria,
rabies, etc.)— Capitol building. Springfield.
North State Laboratory*— Chicago.
South State Laboratory*— Mount Vernon.
T^ast State Laboratory* — Urbana.
West State Laboratory*— Galesburg.
•For the diagnosis of diphtheria only.
DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE
Director— William H. Boys. Streator $7,000
Assistant Director — James S. Baldwin,
Decatur .. .. 4.000
Superintendent of Insurance — Fred W.
Potter, Albion 85,000
Fire Marshal— John G. Gamber. Ottawa. 3,000
Superintendent of Standards— Robert F.
Adams, Oregon 2,500
Chief Grain Inspector — Walter E.
Schmidt, Chicago 5,000
Public Utilities Commission.
James H. Wilkerson, Chicago, chairman. $7, 000
Walter A. Shaw. Evanston 7,000
Frank H. Funk. Bloomington 7.000
Patrick J. Lucey. Chicago 7.000
R. Allan Stephens, Danville 4.000
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND
EDUCATION.
Director— Francis W. Shepardson, Chicago,
$5,000.
Superintendent of Registration— Fred C. Dodds,
Springfield, $4,200.
Chief, State Geological Survey— F. W. DeWolf.
Urbana.
Chief, State Natural History Survey— S. A.
Forbes, Urbana.
Chief. State Water Survey— Edward Bartowv
Urbana.
Chief, State Museum— A. R. Crook, Spring-
field.
President. Illinois State Normal University-
David Felmley, Normal.
President, Southern Illinois State Normal Uni-
versity, H. W. Shryock, Carbondale.
President, Eastern Illinois State Normal School
—Dr. L. C. Lord, Charleston.
President, Western Illinois State Normal
School— Walter P. Morgan. Macomb.
President, Northern Illinois State Normal
School— J. Stanley Brown, DeKalb.
Board of Natural Resources and Conservation.
Prof. Rollin D. Salisbury Chicago
Prof. William Trelease Urbana
Prof. William A. Noyes Urbana
Prof. John M. Coulter Chicago
John W. Alvord Chicago
Dean Kendric C. Babcock Urbana
Board of State Museum Advisers.
C. F. Millspaugh Chicago
Charles L. Owen Chicago
Prof. Henry B. Ward Urbana
Edward Payne Springfield
Charles L. Hutchinson Chicago
Normal School Board.
Frank B. Stitt El Paso
Leroy A. Goddard Chicago
William B. Owen Chicago
Frank E. Richey LaSalle
Henry A. Neal Charleston
Elmer E. Walker Macomb
Rolland E. Bridges Carbondale
Charles L. Capen Bloomington
John C. Allen Monmouth
CENTENNIAL BUILDING COMMISSION.
Gov. Frank O. Lowden.
Lieut. -Gov. John G. Oglesby.
Secretary of State Louis L. Emmerson.
D. E. Shanahan. speaker house of representa-
tiveo.
Thomas Rinaker. Carlinville.
Edward W. Payne. Springfield.
W. B. McHenry, Rochelle
STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION.
Office at Springfield.
Created by act of May 11. 1905. Salary of
president, $4.000: of two members. $.3,000
each: of secretary. $3.500.
Albert D. Ear'y. president Rqckford
Michael F. Walsh Harvard
Harry M. Powell A?.eona
Isidore Levin, secretary Chicago
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
835
LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE BUREAU,
JOINT.
Created by act of June 26, 1913. Office in
Springfield.
Governor, chairman, ex officio.
Members by virtue of legislative office; no sal-
Richard J. Ban* Joliet
Edward Curtis Grant Park
William P. Holaday Danville
Edward J. Smejkal Chicago
E. J. Verlie, secretary. Spring-field; appointed
by bureau; salary, $5,000.
ILLINOIS LIBRARY EXTENSION
COMMISSION.
Created by act of June 14, 1909. Term, two
years.
Joseph H. Freeman Aurora
Mrs. Eugene M. Bacon Decatur
Anna M. Price, secretary and director, $1,800.
Secretary of state-f ex officio.
TRUSTEES OF STATE HISTORICAL
LIBRARY.
Located at Spring-field. Salary of librarian.
83.000.
Evarts B. Greene, president Urbana
Otto L. Schmidt, secretary Chicago
C. H. Rammelkamp Jacksonville
Librarian— Mrs. Jessie Palmer Weber.
STATE LIBRARY.
Office— The capitol. Spring-field.
Commissioners — The governor, secretary of
state and superintendent of public instruction.
Secretary of state, librarian, ex officio. Mrs.
Eva May Fowler, acting- librarian.
ILLINOIS FARMERS' INSTITUTE.
Created by act of June 24, 1895. Term, two
years. Salary of secretary, $3,000.
President— Frank S. Haynes, Geneseo.
Vice-President— J. P. Gilbert, Carbondale.
Secretary— H. E. Young-, Springfield.
Treasurer— Clayton C. Pickett, Chicago.
Auditor — F. I. Mann, Gilman.
Board of Directors.
Ex officio, superintendent of public instruction
— F. G. Blair, Springfield.
Dean of the college of agriculture— Eugene
Davenport, Urbana.
Director state department of agriculture— Chas.
Adkins, Springfield.
President state horticultural society— A. W.
Brayton, Mount Morris.
President state dairymen's association— J. P.
Mason, Elgin.
Elective by congressional districts:
1. W. E. Meier Arlington Heights
2. August Geweke « Des Plaines
3. W. J. Fulton Tinley Park
4. H. Clay Calhoun Chicago
5. C. V. Gregory Chicago
6. L. C. Brown LaGrange
7. Charles Gray Chicago
E. Arthur C. Page Chicago
. C. C. Pickett Chicago
10 R B.Swift Libertyville
11. J. P. Mason Elgin
12. George F. Tullock Rockford
13. A. N. Abbott Morrison
14. George A. Switzer Macomb
15. Frank S. Haynes Geneseo
16. Ralph Allen Delavan
17. S. B. Mason Bloommgton
18. F. I. Mann Gilman
19. J. B. Burrows D°catur
20. G. G. Hooping Ha vana
21. Edward Grimes Raymond
22. E W. Burroughs Edwnrdsville
23. O L Wakefield Robinson
24. D. M. Marlin Norris City
25. J. P. Gilbert Carbondale
OGLESBY MONUMENT COMMISSION.
Appointed by governor. No salary.
John S. Runnells Chicago
John Barton Payne Chicago
John W. Bunn Springfield
Charles L. LeForgee Decatur
Martin B. Bailey Danville
PENITENTIARY BUILDING COMMISSION.
Created by act of June 5. 1907.
James A. Patten Chicago
Ira C. Copley Aurora
John Lambert Joliet
VICKSBURG MILITARY STATUE
COMMISSION.
Charles H. Noble Dixon
F. D. Meacham Chicago
T. B. Orear Jacksonville
Bluford Wilson Springfield
Harvey M. Trimble Springfield
UNIFORM LAWS COMMISSION.
Col. Nathan W. MacChesney Chicago
Dr. Ernst Freund. president Chicago
John H. Wigmore Chicago
James M. Graham Springfield
Joseph J. Thompson, secretary Chicago
STATE CANVASSING BOARD.
Created by act of April 3. 1872.
Governor, secretary of state, auditor, state
treasurer, attorney-general.
MINING INVESTIGATION COMMISSION.
Operative Members.
Thomas Jeremiah Willisville
A. B. McLaren Marion
Rice Miller Hillsboro
Miners' Members.
Mathew Schultz Christopher
Charles Jones Marion
Peter Joyce Springfield
Independent Members.
Charles E. Woodward Ottawa
Thomas Hudson Galva
P. H. Donnelly Chicago
HEALTH INSURANCE COMMISSION.
William Beye, chairman Chicag-o
Edna L. Foley Chicago
John E. Ransom Chicago
Matthew Woll Chicago
William Butterworth , Moline
Alice Hamilton Chicago
Mary McEnerney Chicago
M. J. Wright Woodstock
E. B. Coolley Danville
ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL SURVEY.
Milton S. Florsheim '..Chicago
Ag-nes Nestor , Chicago
George W. Webster Chicago
Elizabeth Maloney Chicago
James B. Herri ck. chairman Chicago
PC. Withers Mount Vernon
Solomon Strouse Chicago
ELECTION LAWS COMMISSION.
Clarence F. Buck, chairman Monmouth
Adam C. Cliffe Sycamore
Al F. Gorman Chicago
Gotthard A. Dahlberg '.Chicago
William H. Dieterich Beardstown
Edwin C. Parkins Lincoln
Louis L. Emmerson Mount Vernon
Colin C. H. Fyffe Chicago
W. W. Wheelock Chicago
ILLINOIS PENSION LAWS COMMISSION.
Georg-e E. Hooker, chairman Chicago
, John P. Dillon Chicago
I H. L. Reit* Chicago
836 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
ILLINOIS COUNTY OFFICERS.
P.— Probate. P. C.— Probate Clerk. R.— Recorder.
County. County seat. County and Probate judges. County clerk. Circuit clerk and recorder.
Adams— Quincy Fred G. Wolfe W. J. Smith Erde W. Beatty
J. M. BufiBngrton. R.
Alexander— Cairo Harry Hood Fred D. Nellis John M. Dewey
Bond— Greenville William H. Dowdy W. E. McCaslin W. T. Harlan
Boone— Belvidere...; William C. DeWolf William Bowley A. C. Fassett
Brown— Mount Sterling- W. Y. Baker Dayton G. Gordley E. B. Glaze
Bureau— Princeton J. R. Pritchard James Fletcher Henry Fuller
Calhoun— Hardin John Day. Jr Roy N. Bailey Clifford Plummer
Carroll— Mount Carroll. John L. Brearton A. B. Adams Valentine Boerner
Cass— Virginia Charles A. E. Martin Henry Jacobs L. D. Springer
Champaign-Urbana Roy C. Freeman Fred Hess Boyd S. Elaine
Christian— Taylorville Log-an G. Griffith John E. George J. A. Foil
Clark— Marshall Edward Pearce F. R. Black Jay Swern
Clay— Louisville Ben Hagie James McGregor Edward McConnell
Clinton— Carlyle James Allen Adam Junker H. H. Schlarmann
Coles— Charleston John P. Harragh Elmer E. Elston Orion B. Goble
Cook— Chicago James T. Burns R. M. Sweitzer August W. Miller
Henry Horner, P J. F. Devine. P. C.. Joseph F. Haas. R.
Crawford — Robinson J. C. Maxwell Frank Kopta. . .Charles A. Montgomery
Cumberland— Toledo Albert F. Bussard William C. Park Charles N. Wiley
DeKalb — Sycamore William L. Pond S. M. Henderson George A. James
DeWitt— Clinton John Bedinger C. R. Griffin Elmer Metz
Douglas— Tuscola D. H. Wamsley Charles A. Hawkins H. B. Morgan
DuPage— Wheaton Sylvanus L. Rathje A. A. Kuhn Lewis Ellsworth
Edgar— Paris D. V. Dayton George D. Murphy T. J. Brewer
Edwards— Albion Joel C. Fitch Arch C. Smith Earl S. Bunting
Effingham— Effingham Barney Overbeck John A. Craver Henry Alt
Fayette— Vandalia Caleb R. Torrence George A. Brown H. W. Sefton
Ford — Paxton Samuel Ludlow J. S. Thompson W. R. Watts
Franklin— Benton Thomas J. Myers Fred Bagley F. D. Whittington
Fulton— Lewistown Hobart S. Boyd Clarence H. Tanner Eugene Whiting
Gallatin — Shawneetown W. S. Sanders Henry G. Sanks James G. Gregg
Greene— Carrollton Thomas Henshaw Louis J. Ballard B. F. Ford
Grundy — Morris George Bedford William Robinson F. S. Johnson
Hamilton — McLeansboro James M. Lee Amos Albretton Adam Green
Hancock— Carthage Warren H. Orr W. E. Miller John F. Scott
Hardin— Elizabethtown A. A. Miles H.C.Fletcher Charles L. Hess
Henderson — Oquawka James W. Gordon Joseph J. Barnes Walter P. Martin
Henry— Cambridge Leonard E. Telleen Elmer E. Fitch J. A. Horberg
Iroquois — Watseka John H. Gillan Clarence South Fred Benjamin
Jackson — Murphysboro A. L. Spiller H. Amber Hagler Joseph V. Wells
Jasper— Newton Milo D. Yelvington H.K.Powell W. E. Trainer
Jefferson— Mount Vernon E. M. Pendler Leonard L. Scott Marlin Rich
Jersey — Jerseyville Will T. Sumner Thomas S. Ford Anthony H. Quinn
Jo Daviess— Galena F. J. Campbell E. J. Menzemer William Ehrler
Johnson — Vienna John O. Cowan E. F. Throgmorton John W. Carlton
Kane — Geneva S. N. Hoover Charles Lowry J. L. Johnson
John H. Williams. P B. D. Galbraith. P. C..Chas. Doetschman
Kankakee— Kankakee H. J. Groenewould C. B. Sawyer
Kendall— York ville Clarence S. Williams Edward Budd, Jr Avery N. Beebe
Knox— Galesburg Walter C. Frank Frank L. Adams C. H. Westerberg
Lake— Waukegan Perry L. Persons Lew A. Hendee L. O. Brockway
LaSalle — Ottawa Henry Mayo Thomas A. Ferguson. . .J. L. Witzeman
Richard D. Mills. P Wm. C. Flick. P. C. . J. F. Buchner. R.
Lawrence— Lawrenceville Lester B. Fish Lyle G. Steffey Odin H. Hedden
Lee— Dixon John B. Crabtree Fred G. Dimick Edwin S. Rosecrans
Livingston — Pontiac Ray Sesler Joe S. Reed J. G. Whitson
Logan— Lincoln Lawrence B. Stringer David S. Mowrey Lynn R. Parker
Macon— Decatur John H. McCoy Charles H. Patterson John Allen
Macoupin— Carlinville Andrew J. Duggan Ernest Whittler Frank E. Wilson
Madison— Edwardsville J. E. Hillskotter C. J. Blattner John Mellon
G. W. Grossman, P. John P. Coppinger. .H. M. Sanders. R.
Marion— Salem W. G. Wilson W. H. Betts N. W. Salter
Marshall — Lacon Andrew E. Treacey Lawrence D. Gregory Fred Garrels
Mason — Havana John Greenway ... Carl F. Taylor C. E. Walsh
Massac— Metropolis Larmes P. Oakes Fred Risinger Colfax Morris
McDonoug-h — Macomb Charles I. Imes John G. Norton George A. Seeley
McHenry— Woodstock Charles P. Barnes Guy E. Still Theodore Hamer
McLean— Bloomington James C. Riley P. A. Guthrie John C. Allen
N. B. Carson. R.
Menard— Petersburg Jesse M. Ott A. W. Hartley Richard B. Ruh
Mercer— Aledo Friend L. Church Frank A. Gibson S. A. Nelson
Monroe — Waterloo Henry Schneider Henry Eisenbart Louis A. Wiehl
Montgomery — Hillsboro J. H. Ragsdale A. H. Bartlett A. E. Neal
Morgan — Jacksonville William E. Thompson C. A. Boruff C W Boston
Moultrie— Sullivan Oscar F. Cochran J. B. Martin Fred O Gaddis
Ogle-T-Oregon Frank E. Reed Sidney J. Hess John D. Mead
Peoria — Peoria Robert H. Lovett Louis J. Ganss George F Thode
„ ^ , Glen Cameron. P J. J. Simmons. P. C A. C. Grebe. R.
Perry— Pmckneyville Louis R. Kelly H. H. Baughman John D Roe
Piatt— Monticello William A. Doss Harvey Fay B. G. Duncan
Pike— Pittsfleld Burr N. Swan Charles A. Helkey John C. Dinsmore
Pope — Golconda B. F. Anderson J. D. Reid J. W. Mitchell
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920. 837
County. County seat. County and Probate judges. County clerk. Circuit clerk and recorder.
Pulaski— Mound City Fred Hood Walter W. Waite E. P. Easterday
Putnam— Hennepin John M. McNabb Oldon C. Cofoid H. B. Ramag*
Randolph— Chester J. Fred Glister Henry Boeknoff Charles J. Kriba
Richland— Olney R. B. Witcher John F. Hanes Charles Goudy
Rock Island— Rock Island Nels A. Larson Henry B. Hubbard G. W. Gamble
Frank J. Landee. P Leo J. Deisenroth. P. C . Sam Ryerson. R.
Saline— Harrisburg William W. Damron H. E. Wills R. E. Holmes
Sangamon— Springfield J. B. Weaver Charles W. Byres Charles F. Koehn
C. H. Jenkins. P O. G. Addleman. P. .Wm. T. Fossett. R.
Schuyler— Rushville Isaac Lewis James A. Long- E. Ross Chitwood
Scott— Winchester John A. McKeeno Bluford McClure J. W. Kellum
Shelby— Shelbyville A. J. Steidley Ed R. Allen Samuel B. Jackson
Stark— Toulon... Frank Thomas William E. Nixon Walter F. Young:
St. Clair— Belleville J. B. Messick A. J. H. Hoerr John F. O'Flaherty
Frank Perrin. P. C. A. Summers. R.
Stephenson — Freeport Roscoe J. Carnahan A. H. Volkers J. O. Templeton
Tazewell— Pekin Charles Schaefer T. E. Solterman E. L. Meyers
Union— Jonesboro David W. Karracker Charles L. Kimmel Fred Bacon
Vermilion— Danville Thomas A. Graham John R. Moore C. E. Wellman
Walter J. Bookwalter. P. W. H. Carter. R.
Wabash— Mount Carmel W. S. Wilhite E. L. Holsen Elmer Stoltz
Warren— Monmouth C. M. Huey W. W. Brent John iiMgg
Washington— Nashville William P. Green Henry F. Heckert Oscar H. Rinne
Wayne— Fairfield J. V. Heidinger E. D. Freshwater Elmer Hargrave
White— Carmi Alys Pyle Matthew Martin Otis Downen
Whiteside— Morrison W. A. Blodgett M. W. Chapin... ...C. W. McCall
Will— Joliet G. J. Cowing- Edward G. Young. ..L. H. Piepenbrink
Samuel Drew Henry F. Schmidt.P.C. . Wm. W. Smith.K.
Williamson— Marion Wiley F. Slater E. H. Scobey ...Leslie O. Caplinger
Winnebago— Rockford Fred E. Carpenter Freeman Johnson Lewis F. Lake
John A. Bowman. R.
Woodford— Eureka Arthur C. Fort C. S. Holman D. C. Belsley
County. Treasurer. Sheriff. State's attorney. Supt. schools.
Adams— Frank A. Jasper E. J. Simmons J. Leroy Adair John H. Steiner
Alexander— E. J. Hodges Jesse A. Miller Leslie L. Wilbourn Asa D. Twente
Bond— Seymour Van Deusen Louis D. Royer H. A. Meyer William E. White
Boone— Charles D. Loop Edward J. Haac Frank A. Oakley. .Elizabeth B. Harvey
Brown— W. F. Manson C. W. Cory R. E. Vandeventer Lavina O'Neil
Bureau— Watts T. Mercer Len Spalding- Joseph Skinner George O. Smith
Calhoun— Elias M. Bailey Peter A. Gotway C. C. Worthy S. J. Sibley
Carroll— William H. Stitely Henry S. Wise F. J. Stransky John Hay
Cass— J. R. Sligh G. W. Farrar W. T. Lordley (acting) .Walter E. Buck
Champaign— James A. Reeves. . .Geo. W. Davis Louis A. Busch C. H. Watts
Christian— Jesse L. Patterson.. Dan'l L. Dunbaf Harry B. Hershey O. P. Simpson
Clark— John W. Lewis W. A. Byram O. R. Clements Harold Bright
Clay— Aden Kellums H. N. McElyia Harvey W. Shriner. .George W. Brewer
Clinton— R. P. Farrell John Knies Hugh V. Murray William Johnston
Coles — Grant Childress Vincent Aye Emery Andrews O. L. Minter
Cook— Harry Gibbons Charles W. Peters Maclay Hoyne E. J. Tobin
Crawford— J. T. Cox H. E. Parker Charles E. Jones. .. Robert E. McKnight
Cumberland— Edward A. Ormsby Elias Jobe Glenn Ratcliff L. C. Markwell
DeKalb— Walter H. May William H. Decker Lowell B. Smith Warren Hubbard
DeWitt— Joel C. Cool J. W. Persons Grover C. Hoff John L. Costley
Douglas— Theodore F. Howard F. E. Parker S. S. Duhamel E. E. Gere
DuPage — John F. Kesterman. .Geo. F. Leineke Charles W. Hadley. .Charles B. Bowman
Edgar— Elmer Sunkel Oda M. Sizemore Wilbur H. Hickman O. Rice Jonea
Edwards— Charles Naylor Clyde Roosevelt Allen E. Walker Grant Balding-
Effingham — Amos Munday J. D. Marshall Byron Piper J. W. Davis
Fayette — William H. Gray Levi J. Browning- Will P. Welker Frank E. Crawford
Ford— T. A. Flora Albert T. Carlson F. M.Thompson H.M.Rudolph
Franklin— Jno. A. McClintock . Robt. S. Watkins Roy C. Martin H. Clay Ing-
Fulton— H. L. Fouts Guy R. Williams Reed F. Cutler Perry H. Hellyer
Gallatin— Robert R. Elliott Allen Barnett Marsh Wiseheart J. F. Ashley
Green— Horace W. Foreman. . .John B. Morrow John C. Bowman Rollins Scott
Grundy— Roy Enger Joseph H. Francis Frank H. Hayes Earl F. Booth
Hamilton — Abraham Peer Wm. J. Campbell Harry Anderson Samuel O'Dale
Hancock— Fred Salm. Jr J. N. Bennett Earl W. Wood Stephen D. Faris
Hardin— W. B. Allard D. V. Cox C. E. Soward Hattie M. Rittenhouse
Henderson— Oscar A. Rankin. . .Robt. T. McDill Albert F. Fawley Allen L. Beall
Henry — Charles A. Kellogg Samuel Wilson Carl A. Melin Philip J. Stoneberg-
Iroquois— Homer M. Brown Geo. P. Heikes J. W. Kern F. A. Gilbreath
Jackson— William S. Roberts . James W. Gibson Otis F. Glenn Otto F. Aken
Jasper— John W. Howell James A. Eaton W. E. Isley Joseph H. Pursiful
Jefferson — James H. Kell Grant Holcomb Frank G. Thompson William Miner
Jersey— Fred W. Howell James Catt Paul M. Hamilton Joseph W. Becker
Jo Daviess— John A. Bingham W. J. Shipton Harry C. Tear Benjamin L. Birkbeck
Johnson— I. N. Elkins John L. Veach O. R. Morgan E. W. Sutton
Kane— Oscar B. Nelson Claude Poole Charles L. Abbott Edw. A. Ellia
Kankakee— Albert J. Bethfur. .William J. Ril y Wayne H. Dyer Lewis Ogilvie
Kendall— Arthur G. Larson. .Martin N. Hextell Oliver A. Burkhart George Elliott
Knox— Herbert M. Bloomquist. .Jas. T. Wheeler A. J. Boutelle W. F. Boyes
Lake — Leroy Bracher Elmer J. Green James G. Welch T. A. Simpson
LaSalle— George MT Reynolds .... Curt S. Ayers George S. Wiley W. R. Foster
Lawrence— A. L. Candle Wm. H. Stivers Elaine Huffman Edwin Ashbaugh
Lee— Wm. C. Thompson. .Frank A. Schoenholz Harry Edwards L. W. Miller
Living-eton— A. B. Carrithers. .Robt. T. Gorman J. H. McFadden W. W. McCullocli
838
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
County Treasurer Sheriff. State's attorney. Supt. schools.
T.os-an— H J Mayer ...A. G. Alberts Everett Smith E. H. Lukenbill
Ma con— Charts H. Mooney.Mont E. Penniwell Jesse L. Deck E. L Dickey
Macoupin— William L. Baird W. E. Morris Victor Hemphill. ...George W. Solomon
Madison— B. S. Ferguson George E. Little Joseph P. Streuber H. T. McCrea
Marion — W F Wilson Lincoln Beasley Samuel N. Finn Hattie Blair
Marshall— Louis V. Osborne.. William S. Riddle Wallace J. Black Willard S. King:
Mason-W. J. Shirley George W. White E P. Nischwitz J C. Stoddard
Massac— Loren Smith Osro Shirk Walter Roberts. W. A. Spence
McDonough— John A. Barclay E. E. Sapp Andrew L. Hainhne B. E. Decker
McHenry— Wm. S. McConnell.. .Ray J. Stewart Vincent S. Lumley A. M. Shelton
McLean— William C. Means Ralph Spafford Miles K. Young- B.C.Moore
Menard— W. D. Power Harry Graustaff H. E. Pond William Small
Mercer— Charles A. Freise John P. Fleming Oscar E. Carlstrom Georgre E. Platt
Monroe— Hugo Bremser Ernest W. Loehr Roy E. Gauen William C. Heyl
Montgomery— John W. Rea E. T. Marshall J. Earl Major E. A. Lewey
Morgan— William A. Masters Grant Graff Carl E. Robinson H. H. Vascovcellos
Moultrie— Oliver F. Dolan Charles Lansden C. R. Patterson Nettie Roughton
Ogle — William D. Mackey. .George D. Banning1 W. J. Emerson John E. Cross
Peoria— A. B. McGill Lewis M. Hines C. E. McNemar John A. Hayes
Perry— Samuel N. Hunter.. .Thos. H. Thimmiff Nelson B. Layman R. B. Templ^ton
Piatt— David A. Troxel Edward R. Gale Charles W. Kirke C. Mclntosh
Pike— H. E. Williams John H. Dayia Edwin Johnston T. C. Moore
Pope— Thomas F. Phelps H. G. McCormick John W. Browning. .Stella A. Wierwills
Pulaski— I. J. Hudson Imon Bankson C. S. Miller May S. Hawkins
Putnam— John W. Stouffer C. D. Maulfair James E. Taylor W. A. Paxon
Randolph— Henry Lucht J. H. McGuire Alfred D. Riess.. Louis W. von Behren
Richland— Charles Byer Frank Craig1 S. C. Lewis Earl H. Hostettler
Rock Island— W. H. Whiteside J. S. Wigers F. E. Thompson Lou M. Harris
Saline— Guy M. Wallace John D. Oummina J. B. Lewis B. D. Gates
Sangamon— George A. Fish.. Henry H. Mested Charles F. Mortimer E. C. Pruitt
Schuyler— C. E. Worthington..Edw. Leshbrook ...George B. Steele Calvin L. Cain
Scott— C. M. Danner Fritz L. Haskell Thomas J. Priest John P. Ward
Shelby— Ed. R. Knecht William T. Biggs A. L. Yantis Charles B. Guin
Stark— E. G. Williamson Grant G. Kilgore John W. Fling, Jr George C. Baker
St. Clair— M. P. Murray. Jr Ed. P. Petri A. E. Schaumleffel W. A. Hough
Stephenson— Samuel Markel John G. Hayes Charles H. Green George W. Scott
Tazewell— Henry W. Toennigs Robert Clay Edward E. Black C. I. Martin
Union— Jeff M. Johnson John J. Tygett James Lingle Charles O. Otrick
Vermilion— Robert H. Maler. .Charles N. Knox J. H. Lewman O. P. Haworth
Wabash— Charles Buchanan John S. Rigg Harry M. Phipps Elmer Greathouse
Warren— W. D. Marshall A. M. Hicks C. E. Lauder ....F. M. Wenbigler
Washington— H. W. Finke H. Klosterhoff H. H. House T. E. Allen
Wayne— J. L. Matthews G. H. Anderson Roscoe Forth J. B. Galbraith
White— C. W. Frazier Charles D. Gibbs Joe A. Pearce D. L. Boyd
Whiteside— Fred W. Tripp P. A. Whitney J. J. Ludens Harry B. Price
Will— Benjamin D. Jones James E. Newkirk Robert W. Martin August Maue
Williamson— Ed. M. Heaton Melvin Thaxten R. R. Fowler J. W McKinney
Winnebago— Frank A. Carson . Harry H. Baldwin William Johnson Abbie J Craig
Woodford— Homer Darst George W. Tegand E. J. Henderson Roy L. Moore
AREA AND POPULATION OF ILLINOIS CITIES. Acres. Population.
Land area in acres July 1. 1916: population : Granite City 2.540.0 13.800
estimated by United States census bureau for Jacksonville city 3.500.0 15.606
July 1. 1917: only places having a population Joliet city 2.430.0 38.459
ol 8.000 or more in 1910 included. |Kankakee city 2.157.0 14.270
Acres. Population. Kewanee city 1.9700 13607
Alton city 4.052.0 23.783 LaSalle city 1.250io 121332
Aurora city 4.245.0 34.795 I Lincoln city 2.809.0 11.991
Belleville city 3.019.8 21.154 Mattoon city 2.750.0
Bloomington city 2.974.6
Blue Island village 1.341.0
Cairo city 1.440.0
Canton city 1.002.8
Centralia city 1.400.0
Champaign city 2.520.0
27.462 Maywood village 1.524.9
9,450 Moline city 3.546.0
15.995 Monmouth city 14400
13.674 Mount Vernon city 1.520.0
11,838 I Oftk Park village 2.880.0
15.052 , Ottawa city 2.353.0
Chicago city 123.142.6 2.547.201 iPekin city 4.146.0
Chicago Heights city 1,480.0
Cicero town 3.677.0
Danville city 6.000.0
Decatur city 4.282.6
De Kalb city 800.0
East St. Louis city 8.636.0
Elgin city 4.331.1
Evanston city 4.8289
Freeport city 2.543.0
Galesburg city 5.760.0
Color, nativity, sex and other
details as to inhabitants of places
having a population of 25,000 or
more, excepting Chicago, which
is treated separately.
Aurora.
Population 29.807
White 29.511
22.863 Peoria city 6027*5
20.846 Quincy city 3799.6
32.969 Rock Island city 5.221.0
41.483 RockfQT-d city 6.041.0
9.705 Springfield city 5.532.5
77.312 Streator city 2076.0
28.562 Urbana city 1.280.0
29.304 Waukegan city 3,360.0
19.844 | "Population April 15. 1910: decrease "since
24,629 1900; no estimate made.
12,764
10.903
27,976
10.346
10.043
27.816
•9,535
10.973
72.184
36,832
29.462
66.739
62.623
14.313
10.146
20.917
POPULATION IN 1910.
Negro 293
Males of voting age
9 711
Chinese 2
Naturalized
1 795
1 7i
Native white — Native par. .12.232
Alien .€
1 150
Foreign or mixed par.... 10,577
Illiterate
494
Foreign-born white .. . 6702
Attending school
4 517
Male population 15.113
Dwellings .
6 '35
Families .
.. 6.864
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
839
Bloomington.
Population 25.768
White 24.953
Negro 809
Indian 1
Chinese 5
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign-born white
Male population..."
Female population
Males of voting age
Naturalized
..12.799
. . 9.400
..32.363
..26,184
..21,005
1.613
Native white— Native par
Foreign or mixed par.. 6,904
Foreign-born white 3.407
Male population 12,321
Female population 13.447
Males of voting age 8,009
Naturalized I... 1,152
First papers 53
Alien 137
Illiterate 260
Attending school 4.269
Dwellings 6.082
Families 6,455
Danville.
Population 27.871
White 26.393
Negro 1,465
Indian 1
Chinese 12
Native white— Native par.. 19.951
Foreign or mixed par 4.874
Foreign-born white 1,998
Male population 13.721
Female population 14.150
Males of voting age 8,514
Naturalized 727
First papers 46
Alien 60
Illiterate :... 544
Attending school 4.983
Dwellings 6.793
Families 7.167
Decatur.
Population 31.140
White 30.354
Negro 776
Chinese 7
Japanese 3
Native white— native par.. 22,566
Foreign or mixed par 5,366
Foreign-born white 2.422
Male population 15.443
Female population 15,697
Males of voting age 9.703
Naturalized 694
First papers 63
Allen 270
Illiterate 330
Attending school 5.199
Dwellings 7.131
Families 7.588
East St. Louis.
Population 58.547
White 52 646
Negro 5^882
Chinese
14 642 | First papers 874
A.VfVW . . i*_ni O n.\-t
19
Native white— Native par.. 30.447
NOTE— In the above tables those classed as
Illiterate are persons 10 years of age or over.
Alien 2.701
Illiterate 2,614
Attending school 8,oi9
Dwellings 11.628
Families 12, 888
Eloln.
Population 25,976
White 25,794
Negro 171
Chinese 10
Japanese i
Native white— Native par.. 10,346
Foreign or mixed par 9,787
Foreign-born white 5,661
Male population 12.2ao
Female population 13,686
Males of voting age 7,918
Naturalized 1,608
First papers 127
Alien 280
Illiterate 615
Attending school 4,274
Dwellings , 5,383
Families ... 6,024
Joliet.
Population 34,670
White 34, 161
Negro 497
Chinese 12
Native white— Native par.. 9.753
Foreign or mixed par 13,967
Foreign-born white 10,441
Male population 18,417
Female population 16,253
Males of voting age 11.477
Naturalized 2.483
First papers 284
Alien 2.671
Illiterate 1.619
Attending school 5.863
Dwellings 6.005
Families 7,199
Peoria.
Population 66,950
White 65.361
Negro 1,569
Indian 1
Chinese 17
Japanese 1
Native white— Native par.. 36.615
Foreign or mixed par.. ..19.936
Foreign-born white 8.810
Male population 34.3fi2
Female population 32.586
Males of voting age 23.054
Naturalized 2.598
First papers 191
Alien 1.020
Illiterate 724
Attending school 10,124
Dwellings 14. 11 1
Families 15.225
Quincv.
Population 36.587
White 34.978
Negro 1.596
Chinese 12
Japanese 1
Native white— Native par.. 19.103
Foreign or mixed par 12,234
Foreign-born white 3,641
Male population 17,879
Female population 18,708
Males of voting age 11,388
Naturalized 1,342
First papers 21
Alien 51
Illiterate 552
Attending school 5,729
Dwellings 7.685
Families 8,792
Rockford.
Population 45,401
White 45,196
Negro 197
Chinese 7
Japanese 1
Native white— Native par.. 15,395
Foreign or mixed par 15,973
Foreign-born white 13, 828
Male population 23.302
Female population 22.U39
Males of voting age 15,014
Naturalized 4,094
First papers 625
Alien 1.822
Illiterate 761
Attending school 7.020
Dwellings 8,802
Families 10.437
Sprinafield.
Population 51,678
White 48.699
Negro 2,961
Indian 7
Chinese 11
Native white— Native par.. 27.944
Foreign or mixed par 13,855
Foreign-born white 6.900
Male population 25,488
Female population 26,190
Males of voting age 16.090
Naturalized 1.940
First papers 242
Alien 454
Illiterate I.I
Attending school 8,064
Dwellings 11.214
Families 11. SOS
The figures for school attendance include persons
6 to 20 years inclusive.
SOCIETIES OF ARTISTS AND ART CLUBS.
Artists' Guild. The— Rooms 516. 517. 514 Fine
Arts building:, 410 South Michigan avenue:
president. F. J. Reichman: secretary and
managing' director, Elizabeth L. Saunders.
Arts Club of Chicago— 608-610 South Michigan
avenue: president, Mrs. John Alden Carpen-
ter: secretary. Eames MacVeagh.
Chicag-o Artists' Association— President. Georere
Nelson Holt: vice-presidents. Mrs. Rose L.
Gannon, Frederick F iTur. Mrs. Eric DeLa-
marter: recording- secretary. Ma?-y H. Ly-
ding-; corresponding- B"crct-;T. Mrs. F, W.
Meadows: treasurer. Mrs. Hiram Kadish.
Chicago Society of Artists (organized 1902) —
President. Mrs. Pauline Palmer; vice-presi-
dent; Louis O. Griffith: secretary. Carl Kraft.
treasurer. Rudolph Ing-erle. Society meets in
Art institute.
Chicago Ceramic Art Association — Art institute:
president and director. Mrs. Georg-e Emmons;
corresponding secretary. Mrs. Eugrene Phelps;
treasurer. Mrs. M. K. Bush.
Chicag-o Outdoor Art Leagrue— President. Mr§.
John Worthy.
Chicagro Public School Art Society— President.
Mrs. John Bucking-ham; corresponding: secre-
tary. Mrs. Alfred M. Walter. 2729 Prairie
avenue.
Municipal Art League oi Chicag-o— President,
Everett L. Millard; secretary. Mrs. William F.
Young*.
Pa'ette and Chisel Club— President, Edward
Holslag-; secretary, Lynn Coy.
840
ALMANAC AND YEARBOOK FOR 1920.
MEMBERS OF THE 51ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF ILLINOIS (1918-1919).
Senators and representatives are paid $3,500 for term of two years. Senators are elected
for four years and representatives for two. •
Diet.
George G. Noonan, D.. 536 W. 31st-st..
Chicago.
4. Emil O. Kowalski. R.. 50 W. 44th-st.. Chi-
cago.
Frank McDermott. D.. 1552 W. Garfield-
bd.. Chicago.
James P. Boyle. D., 5448 S. Union-av..
SENATE.
Republicans, 34; democrats, 17.
Dist.
1. Francis P. Brady. R.. 119 E. 20th-st..
Chicago.
2. J. M. Powell. D., 1729 W. Madison-st..
Chicago.
3. S. A. Ettelson. R.. 3659 Michigan-av..
Chicago.
4. Al F. Gorman, D.. 5436 Morgan-st..
Chicago.
5. M. D. Hull. R.. 4855 Woodlawn-av.. Chi-
cago.
6. J. J. Barbour, R.. 7622 Sheridan-rd., Chi-
cago.
7. F. B. Roos, R.. 512 Marengo-av.. Forest
Park.
8. Rodney B. Swift. R.. Libertyville.
9. P. J. Carroll. D.. 3533 S. Hermitage-av.,
Chicago.
10. John A. Atwood. R.. Stillman Valley.
11. Frank P. Sadler. R.. 6556 Yale-av.. Chi-
cago.
12. John G. Turnbaugh. R.. Mount Carroll.
13. A. C. Clark. R.. 7137 Euclid-av.. Chicago.
14. Harold C. Kessinger, R., Aurora.
15. J. J. Boehm. D.. 729 W. 18th-st., Chicago.
16. Simon E. Lantz. R.. Congerville.
17. E. J. Glackin, D.. 745 Lytle-st.. Chicago.
18. John Dailey. R.. Peoria.
19. J. T. Denvir. D.. 1847 S. Crawford-av..
Chicago.
20. Edward C. Curtis. R.. Grant Park.
21. E. J. Hughes. D.. 3838 Fulton-st.. Chicago.
22. Martin B. Bailey. R.. Danville.
23. Henry W. Austin. R.. Oak Park.
24. Henry M. Dunlap. R., Savoy.
25. D. Herlihy. D.. 2743 N. Albany-av.. Chi-
cago.
26. William H. Wright. R.. McLean.
27. J. Broderick. D.. 732 W. Madison-st.. Chi-
cago.
?. William G. McCullougrh. D.. Decatur.
>. P. J. Sullivan. D., 121 Maple-st.. Chicago.
). Walter I. Manny. D., Mount Sterling.
31. W. H. Cornwell. R.. 3825 Alta Vista-ter..
Chicago.
32. Clarence F. Buck. R., Monmouth.
33. Martin R. Carlson. R.. Moline.
34. John R. Hamilton. R.. Mattoon.
35. .Adam C. Cliffe, R.. Sycamore.
36. Charles R. McNay, D., Ursa.
37. Clayton C. Pervier. R.. Sheffield.
38. Stephen D. Canaday, D.. Hillsboro.
39. T. G. Essington. R.. LaSalle.
40. Frank B. Wendling. D., Shelbyville.
41. Richard J. Barr. R., Joliet.
42. F. C. Campbell. D.. Xenia.
43. W. S. Jewell, R., Lewistown.
44. Frank M. Hewitt. R., Carbondale.
45. John A. Wheeler, R., Springfield.
46. Charles L. Wood. R.. Keens.
47. J. G. Bardill. R.. Highland.
48. Raleigh M. Shaw, D.. Lawrenceville.
49. R. E. Duvall. R.. Belleville.
50. Sidney B. Miller.* R.. Cairo.
51. W. A. Spence, R.. Metropolis.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Republicans, 90: democrats. 63.
Dist.
1. John Griffin. D.. 2020 Indiana-av.. Chicago.
W. M. Brinkman. R.. 3119 Indiana-av.,
Chicago.
S. B. Turner. R.. 21 E. 28th-st.. Chicago.
2. Frank Ryan. D.. 2139 W. 13th-st.. Chicago.
S. E. Weinshenker, D.. 1001 S. Ashland-
bd.. Chicago.
R. J. Marcy. R.. 1953 W. Congress-st.,
Chicago.
3. A. H. Roberts, R.. 3405 Calumet-av.. Chi-
cago.
Warren B. Douglas. R.. 3434 Calumet-av.,
Chicago.
Chicago.
5. Sidney Lyon. R.. 5250 S. Michigan-av..
Theodore K. Long. R.. 4823 Kimbark-av..
Chicago.
Michael L. Igoe. D.. 5434 Cornell-av.,
Chicago.
6. Ralph E. Church. R.. 1411 Chicago-av..
Evanston.
Emil A. W. Johnson. R., 2131 Potwyne-
pl., Chicago.
Robert E. Wilson. D., 4025 Greenview-av..
Chicago.
7. Albert F. Volz. R.. Arlington Heights.
Howard P. Castle. R.. Barrington.
John W. McCarthy. D.. Lemont.
8. Edward D. Shurtleff. R.. Marengo.
James H. Vickers, R., Harvard.
Thomas E. Graham, D.. Ingleside.
9. David E. Shanahan, R., 3315 S. Western-
bd.. Chicago.
Joseph Placek. D., 2347 S. Kedzie-av.. Chi-
cago.
Thomas A. Doyle. D.. 3549 Lowe-av.. Chi-
cago.
10. Charles W. Baker. R.. Monroe Center.
H. S. Hicks, R., Rockford.
Guy W. Ginders. R.. Rockford.
11. William H. Cruden. R.. 10204 Wallace-St..
Chicago.
Edward B. Lucius. R.. 7520 Stewart-av..
Chicago.
Frank J. Ryan, D., 6828 Bishop-st., Chi-
cago.
12. Robert Irwin, R., Mount Carroll.
Joseph L. Meyers, R.. Scioto Mills.
Charles F. Franz. D., Freeport.
13. C. A. Young. R.. 2809 E. 76th-st.. Chi-
cago.
G. A. Dahlberg. R., 147 E. lllth-st.. Chi-
cago.
James W. Ryan. D., 7343 Crandon-av..
Chicago.
14. DeGoy B. Ellis. R.. Elgin.
Frank A. McCarthy, R., Elgin.
Fred B. Shearer, R., Aurora.
15. Thomas Curran. R., 2023 S. Racine-av..
Chicago.
Joseph Perina, D., 1835 Fisk- St., Chicago.
Peter F. Smith, D., 1608 S. Union-av..
Chicago.
16. Charles M. Turner. R.. Wenona.
William H. Bentley. R.. Pontiac.
Michael Fahy. D.. Toluca.
17. Edward J. Smejkal. R.. 560 Bunker-st..
Chicago.
Charles Cola. D., 817 Forquer-st.. Chicago.
Jacob W. Epstein. D.. 1133 Newberry-av.,
Chicago.
18. Charles W. LaPorte, R., Peoria.
Charles S. Stubbles. R., Peoria.
Thomas N. Gorman, D., Peoria.
19. Solomon P. Roderick, R.. 3310 Douglas-
bd., Chicago.
J. T. Prendergast, D.. 1233 S. Lawndale-
av., Chicago.
James P. O'Brien,* D., 4118 Washington-
bd., Chicago.
20. Richard R. Meents, R.. Ashkum.
Israel Dudgeon, R., Morris.
B. W. Alpiner. D.. Kankakee.
21. Frederick J. Bippus. R.. 4733 W. Chicago-
av.. Chicago.
Michael F. Maher. D.. 753 N. Central
Park-av.. Chicago.
Benjamin M. Mitchell. D.. 3210 Washing-
ton-blvd.. Chicago.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
841
Dial.
22. Abraham L. Stanfield, R., Paris.
William P. Holaday. R.. Georgetown.
Archie M. Vance. D.. Paris.
23. William G. Thon. R.. 1220 N. Spaulding-
av Chicago.
Edward M. Overland. R.. 3228 Hirsch-st..
Chicago.
Thomas P. Keane. D.. 2705 Iowa-st.. Chi-
24. Wmi'am H. H. Miller. R.. Champaign.
Charles A. Gregory. R.. Lovington.
25. ^rVesBLD^fdsSck.L°R^toT6 N. Hard-
28
30
31
32.
33
34
35
j.iit;uu.ui u xv, k^tcAuci. v, Ku« >2H/i JrOWCJ-i"
J«tin€GiCa5acobson. D.. 1646 N. Irviiyr-
av.. Chicago.
William Rowe. R.. Saybrook.
William Noble. R.. Gibson City.
George E. Dooley. D.. Le Roy.
Edward Walz. R.. 541 W. Lake-st.. Chi-
Jofeph Patlak. D.. 1600 W. North-av..
J?mef°M. Donlan. D.. 954 W. Madison-st..
C&pheus W. Smith. R.. Decatur
~~dwin C. Perkins. R.. Lincoln.
CliVlllS, XV.. i4UIwU**A«
as* F: KBSe&t?!taMw»
lorace W.
Bernard0? Conlon. D.. 163 E. Chicago-av..
Lawrfnce C. O'Brien. D.. 1216 Dearborn-
av.. Chicago.
Homer J. Tice, R.. Greenview
Ben L. Smith. D.. Pekin.
William H. Dieterich. D... Beardstown
Carl Mueller. R.. 2143 Lincoln Park West.
Chicago.
James A. Stevens, R., 2148 N. Clark-st..
Frank^J. Seif. Jr.. D.. 1529 Orchard-st..
Chicago.
James M. Pace. R.. Macomb
Rollo R. Robbins. R.. Augusta.
Ernest O. Reaugh. D.. Carthage.
James A. Wells. R.. Aledo.
Frank E. Abbey. R.. Biggsville.
Everett L. Werts. D.. Oquawka.
E. Walter Green. R.. Hindsboro.
. L. Ruffner. R.. Marshall.
,obert Howard. D.. Mattoon. .
lerick A. Brewer. R.. Tampico.
42
VTJU
.«S
Diet.
A. T. Tourtillott. R.. Dixon.
John P. Devine. D.. Dixon.
36. A. Otis Arnold. R.. Quincy.
Henry Bowers. D.. Pittsfield.
Holland M. Wagner. D.. Quincy.
37. Randolph Boyd. R., Galva. .
John W. Walters. R.. Wyoming.
Frank W. Morrasy. D.. Sheffield.
38. Otto C. Sonnemann. R.. Carlinyiile.
ruman A. Snell, D.. Carlinville.
. A. Shephard, D.. Jersey ville.
39. William M. Scanlan. R.. Peru.
R. G. Soderstrom. R., Streator.
Lee O'Neil Browne. D.. Ottawa.
40. Lincoln Bancroft. D.. Greenup.
Arthur Roe. D.. Vandalia.
John C. Richardson. D.. Edenburg.
41. James R. Bentley. R.. New Lenox.
William R. McCabe. R.. Lockport.
chael F. Hennebry. D.. Wilmington.
arles L. McMackin. R.. Salem.
A. B. Lager. D.. Breese.
John W. Thomason. D.. Louisville.
43. Owen B. West. R.. Yates City.
A. O. Lindstrum. R.. Galesburgr.
M. P. Rice. D.. Lewistown.
44. W. George Beever. R.. Chester.
Harry Wilson. R.. Pinckney ville.
James M. Etherton. D.. Carbondale.
45. Jacob Frisch. R.. Springfield.
Fred W. Wanless. R.. Riverton.
Clarence A. Jones. D.. Springfield.
46. W. B. Phillips. R.. Mount Vernon.
Frank Vice. Jr.. R.. Olney.
John Kasserman. D.. Newton.
47. Norman G. Flagg. R.. Moro.
Chris Rethmeier R.. Edwardsville.
Ferdinand A. Garesche. D.. Madison.
48. James A. Watson. R.. Elizabethtown.
Samuel R. Thomas, R., Oblong.
Rene Havill. D.. Mount Carmel.
49. Charles F. Short. R.. East St. Louis.
James W. Rentchler. R.. Belleville.
Frank Holton. D.. East St. Louis.
50. James P. Mooneyhan, R., Benton.
Charles Curren. R.. Mound City.
J. L. Hammond. D.. Anna.
51. Claude F. Lacy. R.. Boaz.
K. C. Ronalds. R.. Eldorado.
John J. Parish. D.. Harnsburg.
Republicans
Democrats .
Summary.
Senate. House.
17
THE ILLINOIS HTJMANE SOCIETY.
President— Solomon Sturges.
Vice-President—John L. Shortall.
Secretary — George A. H. Scott.
Treasurer— Charles E. Murison.
Executive Committee— Edward W. Blatchford.
George A. H. Scott. Miss Ruth Ewing. Rich-
ard E. Schmidt. Thomas Taylor, Jr.. and
Charles E. Murison.
According to the report presented at the fif-
tieth annual meeting of the society in Febru-
ary. 1919. the year 1918-1919 was one of the
busiest in the history of the organization. In
the twelve months 1,157 complaints affecting1
2,329 children in Chicago and vicinity were
received and acted upon. Eight hundred and
thirty children were rescued from cruel or in-
capable parents or guardians and the cases of
eighty-three delinquents were disposed of
through the courts. Complaints of cruelty
to animals numbered 2.352. A total of 56,655
animals were given relief.
Commander— H. D. Fulton, Chicag-o.
Senior Vice-Commander— B. F. Lee. Rockford.
Junior Vice-Commander—Edwin N. Armstrong-,
Peoria.
Medical Director— W. M. Hanna, Aurora.
Chaplain — Rev. W. J. Libberton, Chicago.
Council of Administration— William Andrews,
Rockford: Jam^s M. Tnylor. Tnylorville: B.
M. Campbell, Peoria: C. E. Vaug-han, Chi-
cago; James M. Browri, Freeport.
ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF THE G. A. B.
Department Officers (1919-1920).
Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster-General
—Henry C. Cooke, Chicag-o.
Patriotic Instructor— Charles Smith. Chicag-o.
Judg-e Advocate — R. H. Peterson, Evanston.
Chief of Staff— W. H. Moore. Blooming-ton.
Chief Mustering Officer— Philip Smith. Peoria.
Inspector — John W. Arnold. Joliet.
Headquarters— Memorial hall, Michigan ave-
nue and Randolph street, Chicago.
CORRECTION IN VOTE FOB B. M. MITCHELL.
B. M. Mitchell, democratic candidate for
representative in the 21st senatorial district
at the election Nov. 5. 1918. received the sec-
ond highest vote instead of third highest. An
amended abstract of the votes shows that
Frederick J. Bippus. republican, received 11.-
308% votes instead of 12.266% votes as at
first officially reported.
842
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
ILLINOIS ELECTORAL DISTRICTS.
COUNTY.
County seat.
Sena-
torial.
Congres-
sional.
Judicial
circuit.
JfDICIAL DlS.
Appel-
late.
Su-
preme.
Adams
Quincy
Cairo
31
50
47
8
30
37
86
g
24
40
34
42
42
34
1.2,3.4,5,h
7.9.11.18 15
17.19.2l.23
25.27.29,31
48
40
35
28
34
3
48
42
43
48
38
8
32
48
33
37
20
44
46
46
38
12
51
8
14
43
8
16
28
i
47
42
16
30
i
26
30
33
44
38
45
24
10
18
44
24
36
3-
16
44
JO
i
12
20
16
20
13
20
19
21
18
24
23
19
1,2.3.4,5
6,7,8.9,10
23
18
12
19
19
11
18
23
17
25
15
24
14
24
i!
18
25
23
23
20
i
11
18
12
15
12
23
13
17
17
1?
X2
23
IS
24
14
11
17
20
14
22
21
20
19
13
16
25
19
20
24
25
16
25
23
14
M
8
1
3
17
8
13
it
8
!
4
4
5
Not
num-
bered
2
i
6
16
5
2
4
4
11
I
13
2
4
§
14
J?
!
'f
i?
16
i!
2
!?
11
6
7
3
4
10
8
9
17
11
4
14
3
4
7
6
15
10
3
6
8
1
1
10
- 3
2
14
1
3
1
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
1
};
1
3
3
2
3
3
4
3
2
!
4
3
3
3
2
•2
4
3
3
4
4
2
4
i
Greenville. .
Belvidere
Mount Sterling
Princeton
Hardin
Carroll
Mount Carroll
Ca88
Virginia
Taylorville
Ciark
Marshall
Clay
Louisville
Clinton
Carlyle
Coles
Charleston
Cook~
Chicago -|
Crawford
Robi nson
Cumberland
Toledo
DeKalb
Sycamore .
DeWltt ••••
Clinton
Tuscola
Wheaton
Kdfjar
Paris
Albion. . ..
KtfillKhillQ. . .
Vandalia
Paxton
Franklin
Benton
Fulton
Gallatin
L«ewi8town
Sbawneetown
Carrollton..
Morris
Mcl^eansboro
Hancock
Carthage
Hardin
Elizabethtown
Oquawka
Cambridge
tVatseka
Vlurphysboro
Newton
Mount Vernon
Jersey
Jersey ville
Galena
Vienna
Kane
•Jeneva
Kankakee '
Kendall ••••
Yorkville
Knox
Jalesburg
Lake
kVaukegan
Ottawa .
,awrenceville
Dixon
Livingston
Pontiac
Logan
)ecatur
Jarlinville
Sdwardsville . .
Salem
Marshall
_iacon
Mason
i avana
Uetropolis
Hacomb
Mcllenry ••••
tVoodstock
McLean
31oommgton
Menard
Aledo
Monroe
Waterloo
Hillsboro \".
Jacksonville
Moixan
Moultrie
Dele
Sullivan
Oregon
Peoria
T*o v
Pinckneyville
Monticello
T*i Att
Pike
Mttsfield
Pope
Pulaski
Golconda ..
Mound City ... .
Hennepin
Chester
Ricbland
)lney
iock Island
Harrisburg .
Rock Island
Saline
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
843
ILLINOIS ELECTORAL
DISTRICTS— CONTINUED.
COUNTY.
County seat.
Sena-
torial.
Congres-
sional.
Judicial
circuit.
JUDICIAL Dl8.
Appel-
late.
Su-
preme.
Sangamon
Springfield ..
Rushville . .
45
30
8
8
12
30
i
48
22
44
46
48
35
8
10
16
21
15
20
19
16
22
13
16
25
14
22
E
13
11
25
12
17
7
8
7
4
10
'I
5
1
9
3
2
2
14
17
11
3
3
3
3
2
4
2
3
4
3
4
2
4
4
4
2
2
2
3
I
6
1
i
3
1
i
i
4
1
1
1
7
1
i
6
Winchester. .
Shelby
Shelbyville ...
Belleville
Free port .
Tarewell
Pekin
Jonesboro
Danville
Mount Carmel
Washington
Nashville
Fairfleld
Carmi
Morrison
5
Will
Joliet
Marion
Rockford
Woodford
Kureka
Counties.
1820.
POPULATION
[From
1830. 1840.
2,186 14,476
1,390 3,313
3,124 6,060
1,705
OF IL
federal
1850.
26.508
2,484
6,144
7,624
7.198
8.841
3,231
4,586
7,253
2,649
3,203
9,522
4.289
5,139
9,336
43,385
7,133
3,718
7,540
6,002
LINOIS BY COUNTIES.
census reports.]
1860. 1870. 1880. 1890. 1900. 1910.
41.323 56,362 69,148 61.188 67,058 64,681
4.707 10.564 14.809 16.563 19.384 22.741
9,815 13,152 14,873 14,550 16,708 17,07*
11,678 12,942 11,527 12.203 15.791 15.481
9,938 12,205 13,044 11,961 11,667 10,897
26,426 34,415 33,189 86,014 41,112 43.97*
6,144 6,562 7.471 7,652 8,917 8,61*
11.733 16,705 16,985 18,320 18,963 18J036
11.325 11,580 14,494 16,963 17.222 17,371
14,629 32,737 40,869 42.159 47.622 51.829
10.492 20,363 28,232 30,531 32.790 84,594
14.987 18.719 21,900 21,899 24.033 23.617
9.336 15,875 16,195 16,772 19.553 18,661
10,941 16,285 18,718 17.411 19,824 22.831
14.203 25.535 27,055 30,093 34,146 34,617
144,954 349,966 607.719 1,191,922 1,838.736 2.405 231
11,551 13.889 16.190 17,283 19.240 26,281
8,311 .12.223 13,762 15.443 16.124 14.281
19,086 23.265 26,774 27.066 31.766 33.457
10.820 14.768 17,014 17.011 18.927 18.906
7,140 13,484 15,857 17,669 19.097 19,591
14.701 16.685 19.187 22.661 28,196 83.432
16,926 21,450 26,604 26,787 28,273 27,836
7,454 7.565 8,600 9.444 10,345 10,049
7.816 15.653 18.924 19,358 20.466 20.066
11,189 19.63* 23.243 23.367 28.065 28.076
1,979 9.103 15,106 17.035 18.269 17,09(5
9.393 12.652 16,129 17.138 19,675 26.948
33.338 38.291 41.249 43,110 46,201 49,649
8.055 11,134 12,862 14,935 16,836 14.628
16.093 20.277 23,014 23,791 23.402 22,368
10.379 14.928 16.738 21.024 24,136 24,162
9,915 13.014 16.712 17,800 20.197 18.227
29,061 35,935 35,352 21.907 32,215 30.638
3,759 6,113 6.024 7.231 7.448 7,016
9.501 12.582 10,755 9.876 10,836 9.724
20.660 35.506 36.609 33.338 40.049 41,716
12.325 25,782 35,457 35.167 38,014 85,648
9,589 19,634 22.508 27,809 33.871 36.148
£.364 11.238 14.515 18.188 20.160 18.157
12,965 17.864 20.686 22,590 28.133 29,111
12.051 15,054 15,546 14,810 14.612 13,964
27,<?2!> 27.820 27,534 25.101 24.F33 22.H57
9.342 11.248 13.079 15.013 15.667 14.831
30.062 39.091 44.956 65.061 78.793 91.862
15.412 24.352 24.961 28.732 37.154 40.761
13.074 12.399 13.084 12,106 11.467 10.7T7
28.663 39.522 38.360 38.752 43.612 46.169
18.257 21.914 21.299 24.235 34.504 66.068
48.332 69.792 70.420 80.798 87.778 90.132
9.214 12.533 13.633 14.693 16.523 22.661
17.691 27.171 27.494 26.187 29.894 17.760
11.637 31.471 38.450 38.455 42.035 40.4W
14.272 23.053 25.041 25,489 28.680 30.116
13.738 26.481 30.671 30.083 44.003 64.186
24.602 32,726 37.705 40,380 42.256 60.686
31.351 44.131 50.141 51.535 64.694 89.847
12.739 20,622 23,691 24,341 30,446 86,094
Alexander ....
Bon d
626
2.931
4,183
3,067
1,090 1.741
1,023
Carroll
2 981
1,475
Christian
1,878
dark
931
3,940 7,453
755 3,228
2,830 3.718
9,616
Clay
Coles . . .
Crawford
2,999
3,117 4,422
DeKalb
1,697
3,247
3,535
9,290
10,692
3,624
3,799
8,075
Edgar .. ..
4,071 8,225
1,649 3,070
1,675
Kdwards
3,444
Fayette
2,704 6,238
Ford
Franklin
1,763
4.083 3.682
1,841 13.142
7,405 10,760
7,674 11,951
6,681
22.508
5,418
12.429
3.023
6.362
14.652
2.887
4,612
3,809
4,149
6,862
3,220
8,109
7,354
18,604
4,114
16.703
Fulton
Oallatln
3,156
Hamilton ...
2,616 3.945
483 9,946
1,378
41 1,260
. ... 1 695
Jackson • ...
1,542
1,828 3,566
1,472
Jefferson .. .
. 691
2,555 6.762
4,535
2,111 6.180
1,596 3,626
6 501
843
7 780
274 7,060
7.654
13.278
14.226
17.815
6.121
5.292
1.552
5.128
3.988
12.355
20.441
6,720
Lake
LaSalle
9.348
3.668 7.092
2,035
Lee
759
2.333
1.122 3.039
1.990 7,826
6.221 14.433
2.125 4,752
Madison
Marlon .
.13.F50
844
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Counties.
1820.
1830.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Marshall
1,849
6,180
13,437
16,596
15,036
13,653
16,370
16,679
Mason
5,021
10,931
16,184
16,244
16,067
17,491
17,377
Massac
4,092
6,213
S.581
10,443
11,314
13,110
14,200
5,308
7,616
20,069
26,509
27,984
27,467
28,312
26,887
McHenry
2.578
14,918
22,089
23,762
24,914
26,114
29,759
32,609
McLean
6,565
10,163
28,772
53,988
€0,115
63,036
67,843
68,008
Menard
4,431
6,349
9,584
11,735
33,028
13,120
14,336
12,796
Mercer
26
2,352
6,246
15,042
18,769
19,501
18,545
20,944
19,721
Monroe
i',516
2,000
4,481
7,679
12.S32
12,982
13,682
12,948
13,847
12,508
Montgomery ...
2)953
4,490
6.277
13,979
25,314
28.086
30,003
30,836
35,311
Morgan
12,714
19,547
16.064
22,112
28,463
31,519
32,636
35,006
84,420
Moultrie
2,234
6,385
10,355
13,705
14,481
15,224
14,630
Ogle
3,479
10,020
22,888
27,492
29,946
28,710
29,129
27,864
Peorla
6,153
17,647
36,601
47,540
55,419
70,378
88,608
100,265
Perry
1.215
3,222
5,278
9,552
13,723
16,008
17,529
19,830
22,088
Piatt
1,696
6,127
10,953
15,583
17,062
17,706
16,376
Pike
2,396
11,728
18,819
27,249
30,768
33,761
31,000
31.59E
28,622
Pope
Pulaski
2,610
3.316
4,094
3,975
2,264
6,742
3,943
11,437
8,752
13,256
9.507
14.017
11,355
13,585
14,554
11,215
15,660
1,310
2,131
3,924
6,587
6,280
6,555
4,730
4,746
7,661
Randolph
3,492
4.429
7,944
11,079
17,205
20,859
25,691
25,049
28,001
29.120
Ricbland
3,012
9,711
12,803
15,546
15,019
16,391
15,970
Rock Island...
2,610
6,938
21,005
29,763
38,314
41,917
55,249
70,404
Saline
5,588
9,331
12,714
15,940
19,342
21,686
30,204
Bcbuyler
12,960
2,959
14,716
6.972
19,228
10.573
32,274
14,684
46,352
17,419
52,902
16,249
61,195
16,013
71,593
16,129
91,029
14.862
Scott
6,215
7,914
9.069
10,530
10,745
10,304
10,455
10,067
Shelby
2,972
6,659
7,807
14,613
25,476
30,282
31,191
32,126
31,698
Stark
1,573
3.710
9,004
10,751
11,209
9,982
10,186
10,008
St. Clair
5,248
7,078
13,631
20,180
37,694
61,068
61,850
66,571
86,685
119,870
Stephenson
2,800
11,667
25,112
30,608
31,970
31,338
34,933
36,821
Tazewell
4,716
7,221
12,052
21,470
27,903
29,679
29,556
33,221
34,027
Union
2,362
3,239
6,524
7,615
11,181
17,513
18.100
21,549
22,610
21,851
Vermilion
6,836
9,303
11,402
19,800
30,388
41,600
49,905
65,635
77,996
Wabash
2,710
4,240
4,690
7,313
8,841
9,945
11,866
12,583
14,911
Warren
308
6,739
8,176
18,336
23,174
22,940
21,281
23,163
23,318
Washington
1,647
1,675
4,810
6,953
13,731
17.599
21,117
19,262
19,526
18,769
Wayne
1,114
2,553
6,123
6,825
12,223
10,758
21,297
23,806
27,626
25,697
White
4,828
6,091
7,919
8,925
12,403
16,846
23,089
25,005
25,386
23.062
Whlteside
2,614
5,361
18,737
27,503
30,888
30,854
34.710
34,607
Will
10,167
16,703
29,389
43,013
53,424
62,007
74,764
84,371
Williamson
2,457
7,216
12,241
17,329
19,326
22,226
27,796
45,098
Winnebago
4,609
11,773
24.491
£9,301
?0,518
39,938
47,845
63,158
Woodford
4.415
13,282
18.956
21,630
21,429
21.822
20. 6M
Aggregate ... 55.162 157.445 476,183 851,470 ojl,711,951 2,539,831 3,077,871 3,826,351 4,821,550 5,638,591
NOTB— In 1800 and 1810 the territory of Illinois I dolph county was 1.103 and of St. Clair 1,265.
contained but two organized counties. Randolph total 2.358: in 1810 Randolph 7.276 and St. Glair
and St. Clair. In 1800 the population of Ran- I 5.007. total 12.282.
COLOR, NATIVITY, PARENT-
AGE (1910).
Color.
White 5,626.962
Negro 109,049
Indian 188
Chinese 2,103
Japanese 285
Filipino 3
Hindu 1
Nativity.
Total native 4,433,277
Total foreign born 1,205,314
Native white 4,324,402
Foreign born white 1,202,560
Parentage.
Native 2,600,555
Foreign 1,232,155
Mixed 491,692
SEX (1910).
Class. Male. Female.
White 2,852,3862,674,576
Negro 66,909 62,140
Other 2.379 201
Native white... 2,178,791 2,145,611
Native par'ge.1,324,922 1,275,633
For. par'tage. 611,275 620,880
Mixed par'ge. 242.694 249.098
For. born white 673,595 628.965
Urban 1,779.839 1.697.090
Eural 1.131.836 1,029.827
STATE OR DIVISION OF
BIRTH (1910).
Illinois 3.406.638
Other states 1.026, 639
Indiana 143,188
Ohio 122,391
New York 92.300
Missouri 85,161
Pennsylvania 78,116
Kentucky 74,543
Wisconsin 67,296
Iowa 67,948
Michigan 46,419
Tennessee 36,939
Kansas 19,008
Virginia 17,360
Massachusetts 16,280
Minnesota 12,753
Nebraska 11,968
New Jersey 10,434
All other* 134,535
Division.
New England 37,533
Middle Atlantic 180,850
East north central 3,785,932
West north central 190,546
South Atlantic 51,057
East south central 125,716
West south central 18,108
Mountain 7,728
Pacific 6,357
Other* 29,450
•Includes persons born in the
United States, state not speci-
fied; persons born in outlying
possessions or at sea under
United States flag, and Ameri-
can citizens born abroad.
FOREIGN WHITE STOCK BT
NATIONALITY (1910).
Includes all white persons In
Illinois of foreign birth or hav-
ing one or both parents foreign
born.
Country. Number.
Austria 280.844
Belgium 14,858
Canada— French 28.577
Canada— Other 86,091
Denmark 33.519
England 168,39«
Finland 3,182
France 21,757
Germany 1,014.408
Greece 11,178
Holland 82.404
Hungary 62,764
Ireland 330,434
Italy 116,685
Norway 68.488
Roumania 6,382
Russia 227,960
Scotland 63.609
Sweden 230,181
Switzerland ^ ,21,658
Turkey (Asia) S.38J
Turkey (Europe) 2,678
Wales 11.687
All other 111.640
Total 1,121,407
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
845
REGIST
AFTER REVISIO1
Ward. Men.
1 in RSI
RATION OF VOTE
J FEB. 8.
Women. Total.
2.490 13.171
8.233 23.498
9.691 24.483
4.215 11.658
4,618 13,838
11.170 28.293
12.860 32.288
5.282 15,890
5.563 16.660
3.046 8.405
3.394 9,892
6.130 14,321
9.147 23,667
6.296 16.882
5,523 17,879
2.851 8,673
1.963 6,295
4,803 15,880
2.081 7.587
2.018 6.327
4.883 16,120
2.275 8.254
8.051 21.763
4,826 15.055
15.773 39,792
9.407 27.932
10.868 35,879
5.440 16.248
6.340 20.333
5.165 14.428
9.437 23.147
13.530 34,812
11.434 32.288
7.008 22.776
11.291 30.595
RS IN CHICAGO
AFTER I
Ward.
1
IN 1919.
REVISION
Men.
10.519
16.157
15.268
7.997
9.909
17.849
20.112
10.976
12.092
5.661
. 7,056
9.654
AUG. 23.
Women.
3.086
8.628
10.665
4.767
5.264
12.606
13.957
5.992
6.322
3,446
3.928
5.594
10.764
6,990
6.580
3,314
2.280
4.812
2.381
2.360
5.860
2.977
9.335
6,332
18.036
11.280
13.338
6.219
7.892
5.911
10.179
16,386
13,498
8,441
13.242
Total.
13,605
24,785
25,933
12,764
15.173
30,465
34,069
16,968
18,414
9.107
10,984
15.248
26,080
18,110
19,966
9.699
7,142
15,760
8,294
6,964
17.606
9.304
23,682
17.319
43,259
30,936
40,107
17.725
23.124
15,826
24.662
38,120
35,982
25.299
33,233
2
15 265
2
g
14 792
3
4
. . 7.443
9 220
4
5
5
5
17 120
6
y
19 428
7...
g
10 608
8
g
11 097
9...
10
5 359
10
jj^
6 493
11
12
9 191
12
13
14 520
13...
. 15 316
14
10 583
14
. 11.120
15
12 356
15...
. 13 376
16
.. 5.822
4 332
16
6,385
17
17
4 862
18
11 077
18
. 10 948
19
5 506
19...
6 913
20
4 309
20
4.604
21
11 237
21
11,746
6,327
22
5 979
22
23
13 712
23
. 14,247
24
10 229
24...
. 10 987
25
24 019
25
. 25.223
26
18 525
26...
. 19.656
27
25 Oil
27
. 26.769
28
10 808
28...
. 11.586
. 15.232
29
13 993
29
30
9 263
30...
. 9.915
. 14,483
31
13 710
31
32
21 282
32...
. 22,734
. 22.484
33
20 854
33
34
16 768
34...
. 16 858
35
... 19.304
35
. 20.451
Total
438.907
236.102 675.009
2.873 8,668
238.975 683.677
MARCH 15.
3,463 15.229
10.273 27.825
12.529 29.593
5.168 13,393
5.744 16.054
14,384 33.934
15,669 37.360
6.881 18:575
6.830 19.316
3.811 9.656
4.092 11.161
6.154 16,165
12,060 28,463
7.882 19.878
6.991 20,597
3.520 10,033
2.397 7,317
6.085 18,893
2.638 8,673
2 498 <7 i 01
Total
Cicero
. 464.392
6.529
271.662
3.851
275.513
Aug. 20.
5.068
r OCT. is.
3.127
8.574
10.441
4,710
5,166
12.169
13.634
5,939
6.257
3,394
3,895
5.530
10.504
6,756
6.459
3.279
2.242
4,709
2.323
736.054
10.380
746.434
37.335
13,634
24,787
25,960
12.845
15.317
30,087
33,668
17,171
18,574
9,213
11,008
15,452
26.104
18.029
19,908
?,784
,139
16.065
8.284
Cicero
Grand total
AFTER
1...
2
3
4
5
6
7 '
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
. . 444,702
REVISION
11.766
, 17.552
17.064
8.235
10.310
, 19,586
21.691
,,, 11.694
12,486
5,845
7.069
10.011
16.403
11,996
, 13.606
6.519
, 4.920
12.808
. 6.040
4 693
Grand total..
Before
Total
. 470.921
Revision,
3° 267
AFTEB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19...
REVISION
10.507
. 16.213
. 15.519
. 8,135
10.161
. 17.918
. 20.034
. 11.232
. 12.317
. 5.819
. 7,113
9.922
. 15.600
,. 11.273
. 13.449
.. 6.505
. 4.897
11,356
5.961
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Total
Grand total
Before
Total
... 13.108
6.747
... 15.390
11.410
... 26.948
20.976
... 28.106
12.161
... 16.144
10,558
, , 15.331
23.952
, 23.259
17.321
... 21.517
,., 493.222
6.842
... 500.064
Revision,
... 66.261
6.962
3.220
10.429
6.894
20.122
12.685
14.617
6.881
8.902
6.538
11.161
16.869
14.591
9.349
14.517
302.755
4.165
306.920
March 11.
69.871
20.070
9,967
25,819
18,304
47.070
33.661
42.723
19.042
25.046
17.096
26.492
40.821
37.850
26.670
36.034
795.977
11.007
806.984
136.132
20 4.809
21 12.110
22 6.489
23 14.478
24 11.234
25 24.759
26 20.058
27 27.454
28 11.859
29 15.606
30 10.143
31 14.717
32 23.424
33 23.402
34 17.568
35 21.086
Total 473.124
Cicero 6.798
Grand total . . 479.9221
Before Revision
Total 35.589
§.350
.658
2.936
9,065
6.300
17.280
11.351
13.144
6.143
7.894
5.774
9 922
15.'212
13.365
8.266
13.146
266.904
3,848
270,732
Oct. U.
9.539
7.159
17,768
9,425
23.543
17,534
42,039
31,407
40,598
18,002
23,500
15.916
24,639
38.636
36.767
25.834
34.232
740.028
10.648
750.674
45.128
846
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CHICAGO PRIMARY EL]
VOTE FOR MAYOR.
Democratic.
Candidates: Robert M Sweitzer. Thomas
Carey and John Max Heidelmeier.
Sweitzer. Carey. Heid'meier.
Ward. Men. Worn. Men. Worn. Men. Worn.
ECTION. FEB. 25, 1919.
Thompson. O^son. Merriam.
Ward. Men. Worn. Men. Worn. Men. Worn
35 3538 1930 1475 785 237 91
Tot. .81783 42411 52603 31651 10297 7393
Gr.tot. 124194 84254 17C90
Plurality 39940
Socialist.
John M. Collins had no opposition. He
received 1.267 votes— 1.001 men and 206
women.
§.... 988 492 408 154 7 —
1514 1050 1343 863 10 1
4 2340 1575 1465 743 53 15
5 2305 1314 1650 747 31 3
6 1495 887 762 332 16 4
VOTE FOR CITY TREASURER.
Democratic.
Men. Women. Total.
Hftnrv Stuckart 85 412 41 369 126 771
7 1900 1123 995 556 22 11
§1698 846 656 296 30 3
1623 745 727 324 35 6
10 1883 1176 531 266 24 10
Abraham Salitsky 6.195 2.083 8^278
Wm. R. Strook 4,995 1,899 6.894
Iff publican.
William Ganschow. .. .115,605 55,141 170.746
(No opposition.)
Socialist.
Robert Howe 964 268 1220
11... 1491 740 629 210 38 10
12 1991 1185 711 229 29 12
13.. . 3701 2791 1131 588 20 12
14 2286 1493 718 289 19 8
15 1812 850 597 153 40 10
16 1563 779 690 214 25 16
17 1333 700 340 100 19 1
18 2467 1063 1844 652 17 12
19 1929 733 514 115 23 1
VOTE FOR CITY CLERK.
Democratic.
Men. Women. Total.
Jamee T. Igoe 90,851 42,848 133,699
(No opposition.)
Republican.
Walter O Davis 115054 64960 170014
20 . 1828 880 135 41 12 3
21... . 1983 827 559 191 11 2
22 1324 633 416 148 44 13
23 1299 755 432 180 21 4
24... . 2010 1021 1294 666 61 22
25 2344 1648 768 377 11 8
27... . 2100 ' 833 1182 306 36 12
(No opposition.)
Socialist.
Pierce L. Anderson.... 957 266 1.228
(No opposition.)
VOTE FOR MUNICIPAL COURT JUDGE.
(No woman vote for this office.)
Democratic.
Francis Borrelli 56 844
28 1537 926 549 154 40 3
29 1784 941 2773 1093 62 15
30... . 1907 1200 1858 900 28 16
31 . 2001 1601 1682 1132 29 7
32... . 2278 1579 1348 594 24 3
33 1868 1192 651 233 23 3
34 2455 1238 1184 406 48 15
36 4389 3311 1966 1132 63 20
1
(
I
Ca
Ham
Ward
1...
3'. '.
4. .
5. .
6. .
!:•:
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. .
15. .
16. .
17. .
18. .
19. .
20. .
21. .
22. .
23. .
24. .
25. .
26. .
27. .
11::
30. .
31. .
32. .
33. .
34. .
"1.. 71611 39886 33481 14701 1031 290
Jr. t'l 111497 48182 1321
'lur'lity 63315
Republican.
adidates: William Hale Thompson. Judge
r Olson and Oapt. Charles E. Merriam.
Thompson. Olson. Merriam.
Men. Worn. Men. Worn. Men. Worn.
2275 511 290 60 78 32
7634 4509 902 590 192 127
3534 2205 1982 1451 477 417
857 474 314 148 62 18
1224 695 817 486 64 21
2763 1400 3542 2301 1172 1150
3572 22*16 3763 2361 1482 1421
1879 998 1209 696 232 134
2122 1021 1243 705 206 90
925 515 85 34 36 11
923 542 486 244 72 30
1046 472 375 155 89 30
2340 1333 1342 849 293 190
2203 1448 930 605 178 78
1926 828 1117 587 139 51
480 229 278 124 32 5
592 277 406 143 62 32
1653 654 893 483 179 84
668 270 237 138 80 48
964 427 47 13 17 6
1945 779 1552 805 290 207
701 202 398 116 55 8
2813 1548 2830 1887 372 301
1394 660 951 630 72 21
3793 2077 5819 3834 949 710
3591 1526 3201 1866 501 322
2933 1558 3452 1743 609 407
1693 809 1138 700 114 48
1999 1068 1019 440 177 73
1572 994 739 440 47 24
3041 2150 1596 1324 181 92
4642 2493 3532 2350 698 537
6232 2621 3416 2021 633 514
2316 972 1227 ' 537 270 63
James T. Devere 19003
John A Ulrica . . 17 220
Republican.
George B. Holmes 75100
Alexander. Freundlich . 28* 673
Carl T Murray 17 133
Socialist.
Samuel Block 946
(No opposition.)
VOTE FOR ALDERMEN.
Returns are given only in cases where there
were two or more candidates.
Democratic.
Ward. Men. Woman. Tot.
4. Timothy A. Hogan.. 1 809 1 287 3 096
Peter J O'Connor 1 188 670 1 853
William D. Scott 857 412 1.269
Andrew T Jones 76 41 117
5. Jos. B. McDonough 2,956 1.634 4,590
Paul Languesch 149 28 177
Martin E. Corcoran 576 254 830
John Scheel 71 13 84
6. Full term:
Joseph Frank... . 800 296 1,096
John E Kirby 1 199 653 <1 852
7. Michael V. Minehan 2,353 1.262 3.015
Louis Johnson 369 115 484
9. John J. Leonard 1.239 604 1.843
Engine H Block .. 879 472 1 351
George S. Brenner 157 44 201
10. Frank Klaus 1209 764 1.973
Joseph A Brabec 941 514 fl. 455
Joseph W. Nosek 250 156 406
11. Edward F. Cullerton 1,514 747 2,261
John Ruzicka 591 219 810
12. Daniel E. Froelich 435 150 685
Anton J. Cermak 2.243 1.240 3.483
13. Thomas H. Ahern 2.840 2.238 5.078
Jas. C. McGloon 1401 823 2224
Jesse Prichason 73 24 97
Arthur Leonard 273 172 545
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
847
Ward. Men. Women
14. George M. Maypole 2.207 1,414
James F. Joyce 720 295
17. Stanley Adamkiewicz 1.102 607
Jerry Kolassa 454 150
18. John J. Touhy 2,323 1,305
Charles Applequist 593 320
Eugene F. Inglis 55
Geo. W. Burgess 60
19. John Powers 1,862
Daniel A. Barone 610
21. Dorsey Crowe 2.049
John F. Bartlett 413
22. Rudolph L. Sharp 1,121
Frank Gardner 574
23 Jas. P. Breoinan 766
Jas. Prendergast 896
24. Frank F. Roeder 1.654
Joseph Pionke 1,628
August J. Groja 25
Joseph Burkhart 72
26. Joseph Caspers . 821
William Gaughrin
Frederick Dunham . . .
N. J. Werdell
27. Arthur S. Beaudette..
Nicholas S. Budzban.
29. James Kovarik
Michael F. Ryan
Daniel McFall
Waclav Pacholski ...
30. William J. Lynch 1,690
James Canty 35
Daniel O'Hern 29
107
34.
24
19
727
128
859
99
585
191
340
502
873
851
18
20
404
59
329
303
777
314
879
403
710
64
989
7
12
87
.1,854 1,010
.1,925 1,494
..1,720 1,199
..2.460 1,196
. . 249 77
..1.036 333
..3,552 2,464
69 21
108
, 738
. 640
.1.971
.1,217
.1.781
. 827
.1.718
259
William Hanrahan . . .
Thos. J. O'Grady
.James A. Long
Hugh A. Donnelly
Joseph O. Kostner —
Geo. E. Sankstone...
Edward F. Jink
35. John S. Clark
Joseph J. Sheehan
Chr. W. Keane 2,808 2,007
Republican.
2. Louis B. Anderson 4,135 2.600
William A. Wallace 519 209
Oscar De Priest 3.883 2,333
3. John H. Passmore 2.850 1,726
John J. Lupe 2,166 1.654
Robert O. Lee 651 343
5. Arthur E. Potraz 283 125
Henry Langosh 1.342 778
James A. Stokes 337 166
6. Full term:
Alexander A. McCormick. 6.185 3,659
To fill vacancy:
"^rles S. Eaton 3,624 2,551
. Tot.
3,621
1,015
1,709
604
4.828
913
79
79
2,589
733
2.908
512
1.706
765
1,106
1.398
2.527
2,479
43
92
1.225
167
1,067
943
2,748
1,531
2,660
1,230
2,428
323
2.679
42
41
194
2.864
3.419
2.919
3.656
326
1,369
6.016
90
4,815
6,735
726
6.216
4,576
3.820
994
408
2,120
503
9.844
6.17!
875 2.841
275 1,006
247 850
224 625
400 H.290
26 110
n] Men. Wometo. Tot.
W. C. Lombard 297 106 403
Sidney J. Sax 1.016 413 1.428
Guy N. Armstrong 1,927 1,046 2.973
William R. Fetzer 4.933 3.336 8,269
Morton McCormac 1,021 643 1,664
George W. Boiling 2.553 1.686 4239
13. Peter H. Kane 1.857 1.113 2.870
Samuel O. Shaffer 1.974 1.172 3.146
14. Edward J. Lyons 1.739 1,224 2.963
Charles J. Lucas 1.400 794 2.194
15. Louis B. Desser 1,916
Benj. M. Ringle 731
19. John Schneider 603
James P. Marzano 401
20. William Melody . . 890
Nathan V. Cobb 84
I.Robert H. McCormick... 2.663 1,338 4 OOl
John F. Petars 798 203 1.001
23. Thomas O. Wallace 3.987 2,559 6.546
B. A. L. Thomson 528 214 742
Joseph F. Seeber 1,324 663 1,987
24. Jamss Dorner 1.309 758 2.067
Herman J. Koehler 951 377 1,398
25. Henry D. Capitain 6,398 4,06510464
John B. Fergus 3,740 1,864 5.604
William F. Lipps 3.596 2,025 5.621
William H. Nesbey 3.561 1.574 5.135
Edward R. Armita^e. .. .3,675 1,525 5.200
John Paul 739 226 965
Frank Breska 367 88 455
Wm. L. Morgan 2,786 1,439 4.226
George Wagner 1,326 553 1.879
Arthur T. Gutgesell 1.340 716 2.
John Hrubec ...> 1,495
John Golombowski 1,376
Mortimer J. Kubec 234
30. John Plaehn 891
John Burns 1.295
31. Scott M. Hogan 2.001 1,652 3,653
Albert J. Little 460 281 741
Harold Johnson 198 84 282
A. L. Strachan 1.550 1,191 2,741
William F. Smith 131 33 164
Charles O. Anderson 245 113 358
32. Albert L. Fisher 6,442 3.93010372
Harry Bandringa 2,026 890 2.916
33. John P. Garner 5.420 2,877 8,297
Albert E. Icehy 354 177 531
Ross B. Guthrie 3,059 1,773 4,832
34. Jacob J. Fink 1.823 829 2.652
Joseph Danits 312 85 398
Henry Ostrowsky 227
J. J. Mere-nsky 1,136
35. Charles Jahnke d.824
Conrad H. Janke 1.040
George Hansen 540
Eugene Fag?n 267
B. F. Muirhy 1,283
429 1,565,
760 2,584
523 1.663
244 784
141 408
823 2,100
Ward
Men. Women.
Ward.
1.. .
8923 2830
11
.. 13979 8188
12....
o"
. 14289 10503
L3...
4'.!
, 7660 4617
14
5..
. 9501 5219
15
6..
. 16677 11504
16
7..
. 18952 12981
17
8..
9..
. 10642 5851
. 11273 5944
18
19
10..
. 5458 3413
20
CHICAGO CITY ELECTION, APRIL 1, 1919.
TOTAL VOTE BY WARDS.
Men.
6676
9465
14895
10814
12563
6085
4548
Women.
3722
5441
10729
6942
6128
2954
2209
Ward.
21...
22...
23...
24...
25..
26..
°7
,Men.
11367
13707
10757
22949
18890
25955
Women.
5819
2930
8817
6201
16479
10767
12243
Ward.
30
31....
32....
33
34
35....
Men. Women.
9366 5646
140"7 9»06
21273 14104
21231 12536
16 74 7HR1
19886 13209
11174
5295
4243
5201
2088
2281
28! 1
29..
11201
14635
6068
7490
T'l.
Gr. t
440069 258851
1. 698920
VOTE FOR MAYOR BY WARDS.
Nominees: Robert M. Sweitzer, democrat; I labor; John Fitzpatrick,
William Hale Thompson, republican: John M. Hoyne, independent.
Collins, socialist ; Adolph S. Cann, social I
Dem. Rep. Soc. Soc. Lab.
Sweitzer. Thompson. Collins. Carm.
Men. Worn. M^n. Worn. Men. Worn. Men. Worn.
labor; Maclay
Ward.
1 4996 1530 2572 897
2 2128 1195 9598 5971
3 4063 3103 6132 4228
4 3431 2354 1748 1102
5... 3946 2253 2928 1937
126 46
305 169
178 152
138 44
164 70
12
17
70
Labor. Ind.
Fitzpatrick. Hoyne.
Men. Worn. Men. Worn.
3 347 67 784 244
1 368 128 1076 568
4 675 269 3199 2478
5 1218 493 963 604
16 1303 309 1101 563
848
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Dem.
Sweitzer.
Ward. Men. Worn.
6 4976 3303
7 6343 3654
8 3452 1971
2711 1374
2536 1744
11 2855 1732
12 4035 2627
13 6672 5524
14 4131 2741
15 3443 1889
16 3)118 1755
17 2247 1201
18 3819 1764
19 2957 1300
20 2279 1285
21 4815 2224
22 2470 1347
23 3950 2534
24 3814 2436
25 6580 4858
26 4947 2947
§7 6279 2993
8... , 3606 2090
29... . 5070 2780
30 3893 2597
31... , 4603 3548
32 5666 3967
33 4828 3144
34 5526 3089
35 _. 7806_ 6063
Total 146990 91216
Grand total 238206
Rep. Soc. Soc. Lab.
Thompson. Collins. Carm.
Men. Worn. Men. Worn. Men. Worn.
5439 3379 278 194
7046 4731 288 275
22
24
98 37
57
26
20
59
4535 3235 431 226 30
4189 2937 260 135 14
2190 1370 810 116
25
6
27
1122 435 139 65 22
1279 684 162 74 12
40
64
5614 3605 520 355 29
3737 2287 605 300
8297 5494 289 277
8322 4793 732 445
10051 5182 1217 639
3916 2340 528 246
4552 2641 443 267
133
3819 2366 167
4456 2732 1275 521
1579 936 379 252
2059 1289 296 137
2315 1277 538 292
00«
JO
1165 619 135 62
1161 569 82 33
3178 1592 314 148
3518 1709 328 123
2068 9.91 492 192
3093 2187 133 76
5687 4321 285 187
9158 6117 370 295
10224 632-1 774 434
5143 2520 1290 578
7391 4893 531 300
54
17
61
85
38
29
15
34
28
71
90
32
7
20
*§
19
7
26
15
10
43
4
6
9
14
5
10
39
18
19
12
18
34
18
19
5
18
11
20
40
25
Labor.
Fitzpatrick.
Men. Worn.
618 296
1147
1636
960
416
773
126il
1230
1075
1725
936
500
964
306
250
941
535
1057
1185
803
1831
3259
1785
269«
1374
1572
1870
2311
1863
1822
273
430
239
164
226
468
416
407
507
257
149
239
03
90
218
141
347
354
341
593
993
569
797
400
572
560
743
558
600
Ind.
Hoyne.
Men. Worn.
6193 4177
4888 3868
1328 693
1711
446
614
1166
1925 1243
1036
1453
617
486
6
932
280
264
662
2153
2186
161321 9850715562 8517 1298 550 42614 13376
259828 24079 1848 55990
VOTE FOR MAYOR BY PRECINCTS.
67837 43064
110851
I.
Dem. Rep. Ind.
Sweitier. Thompson. Flojne.
Pet. M. W. M. W. M. W
Pet
Dem. 'Rep. ' Ind.
Sw«U»r. Thompson. Hoyne.
M W M W. M. W.
Pet.
46..
1....143 25 58 12 42 6
2. ...115 6 59 3 25 1
1.
•
. 77 39 44 30 36 25
. 62 45 49 30 37 32
47.
48..
3 182 — 20 — 7 —
3*.
. 61 38 52 30 29 20
49..
4 247 1 23 — 13 —
" 4.
6 7112 44 2 2
50.
5 111 19 33 6 12 —
5.
. 35 21 153 58 9 4
51.
6. ...168 15 40 1 21 —
7... .132 12 51 9 48 6
6.
7.
. 11 1162160 — —
. 23 9 167 73 9 1
11:
8. ...169 18 20 2 33 3
9.... 72 19 25 7 34 6
10.... 230 9 29 1 22 10
11 90 7 49 6 6
8.
9.
10.
11.
, 4 4 133 101 — —
. 56 20 84 58 18 5
. 15 2 179 106 7 2
10 1 156 61 8 2
54.
55.
56.
57.
12.'!1'.166 37 91 16 11 7
13.. ..117 20 69 29 9 1
14.... 70 14 70 24 17 1
15. ...128 39 56 11 28 11
16.... 89 28108 30 3 2
17.... 94 35 47 11 1 —
18.... 158 25100 23 25 2
19.... 123 56 51 17 35 10
20.. ..109 34 18 7 14 2
21.... 94 65 89 32 42 21
22.... 79 27 32 18 6 1
23.... 175 53 94 33 8 3
24.... 155 67 35 4 10 2
25.... 102 51 24 17 14 3
26.... 87 28 41 17 28 10
27. ...139 49 54 28 29 12
28.... 83 37 93 64 4 -
29.... 84 28 80 41 27 12
30.... 96 45 126 46 6 5
31.... 80 38 51 21 8 6
32.... 95 49 102 39 2 3
33.... 113 66 56 27 22 6
34.... 56 9 70 30 3 3
1°
13!
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
•
30 8 83 39 9 1
37 9 159 66 21 8
23 21 141 88 14 6
110 54 45 17 46 15
68 27 79 32 44 14
38 13190110 6 4
24 9 150 106 12 9
81 39 70 57 18 17
61 33 109 70 24 10
8 1 153 100 3 3
8 5 200 149 5 1
10 6 180 114 5 1
23 6115 78 9 3
22 12 74 61 15 19
53 44 105 82 44 24
42 44 104 79 21 8
16 5 138 93 11 4
14 11216145 9 5
15 5 170 78 6 1
7 6186146 3 2
20 12 152 81 15 10
43 12351 71 12 4
43 21 118 75 33 8
21 4 133 77 4
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68 .
69.
70.
71.
72..
73..
7-i..
1..
«j
3."
4..
35.... 60 48 23 11 26 14
36
f4 156 87 4 1
7"
36... .104 58 22 16 11 2
37.
7 179 137 6 1
8*.'.
37.... 61 23 55 15 27 12
38
6 7 148 87 1 1
9
38.... 114 79 58 28 6 6
39.
|
29 23 93 53 16 4
10'.'.
39 80 57 63 22 18 9
40.
12 7 170 102 1 2
11
40.... 90 51 38 16 27 1
41.
49 31 85 50 11 10
12"
41. ...104 65 60 44 12 7
42.
63 28 53 42 16 4
13..
42.... 88 48 44 15 15 15
43.
61 44 106 64 9 2
14
43.... 63 39105 41 11 17
44.
49 24 111 76 18 12
15"
44.... 81 31 57 2 16 7
45.
.
18 16100 84 9 1
16.:
Dem. Rep.
Sw«itzer. Thompson.
M W. M. W.
10 6 133 107
1 128 79
3153 90
1 177 82
3 162 81
4
12
12
3
34 19 95 50
4 2 187 78
___ 70
22
16
17
12
8
8156 72
6 148 76
9 199 112
7 137 * 96
25 3 172 97
3 1179110
29 24 149 17
26 18140131
55 65 81 37
8 163 137
4170114
49 39 96 72
16 16112 65
25 15189126
20 10 203 147
26 21 136 84
42 6203 93
44 29 89 38
43 31 61 34
41 23 54 24
55 26 47 35
III.
79 43 60 47
51 45 41 17
47 36 60 32
49 25 40 26
45 29 32 27
45 37 58 40
53 36 45 34
34 22 40 30
67 44 62 53
33 16 99 66
30 23 69 56
42 26 69 56
40 34116 89
58 58 60 54
68 45 37 27
75 59105 41
30 18
41 46
69 74
60 46
56 57
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
849
8w«lti«r. Thompson.
Hojne.
Swe
Hier, Thompson. Ho
Jtie.
Sweitier. Thompson. HorMk
Tct
M
W. M. W.
M.
W.
Pet.
M
W. M.
W. M.
W.
Pet.
M. W. M. VV. M^V
17.
...33
22 113 80
18
11
23...
. 67
39 32
25 22
13
16...
23 9 157 101 10 5
18.
.. 27
24 126 106
39
19
24...
.120
64 28
23 21
10
17...
29 9 79 60 37 24
19.
.. 66
67 81 74
46
38
25...
. 54
25 41
7 74
47
18...
46 42 84 61 29 18
20.
.. 32
38 108 66
31
19
26...
. 57
28 31
16 46
31
19...
69 53 83 50 64 41
21.
.. 30
30 90 64
35
29
27
. 69
46 15
8 54
33
20...
74 50 81 36 112 69
22.
...97
88 38 37
41
15
28...
.104
61 32
14 27
18
21...
74 37 59 26 66 35
23
.. 61
41 50 25
45
26
29...
. 68
37 44
23 31
20
22...
59 57 48 39 44 41
24.
.. 51
29 66 49
42
31
30...
. 59
36 82
39 15
9
23...
84 17 63 32 58 33
25.
.. 74
51 99 51
51
24
31...
. 80
63 39
24 19
18
24...
73 54 41 25 48 38
26.
.. 29
21 87 62
48
43
32...
. 86
56 32
23 36
22
25...
77 50 45 23 46 21
27.
.. 37
25 165 110
26
9
33...
. 78
43 30
12 34
8
26...
98 67 81 30 66 32
28.
. 15
9 120 77
8
4
34...
. 91
80 21
21 16
7
27...
46 26 58 21 46 31
29.
...43
25170 91
15
7
35...
. 59
45 21
15 41
26
28...
66 30 69 33 70 27
30.
.. 31
25 105 63
20
7
36...
. 77
56 45
25 27
23
29...
91 49 74 49 68 31
31
. 14
7 173 91
3
1
37...
. 81
57 39
26 33
17
30...
61 43 67 23 32 25
32.
...102
75 22 14
22
16
38...
. 79
49 59
29 25
19
31...
32 32 60 42 44 47
33
. . 24
12 171 101
I
1
39...
. 66
45 32
22 21
18
32...
26 17 125 74 22 12
34.
...71
65 26 14
17
9
40...
. 56
51 77
36 19
13
33...
33 13197111 32 18
35.
.. 48
21 42 25
13
2
41...
. 56
31 72
27 9
4
34...
45 28 58 33 31 35
36
. 14
8 147 124
4
35...
48 19 124 62 28 22
37.
38.
39.
40.
41
.'.. 33
...64
.. 71
...62
t5
16 163 113
49 92 64
48 117 82
48 69 36
44 82 48
20
46
41
39
21
14
22
16
14
18
1...
2
3.'.'.'
4...
. 87
.134
. 76
.138
66 28
56 3
68 13
76 9
17 15
1 10
7 7
11 9
7.
2
3
7
36...
38!!.'
39...
40...
93 65 67 36 63 34
66 45 65 36 84 52
59 28 66 34 43 60
52 13 70 34 45 27
58 24 60 28 97 5O
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
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69 70 63
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26 60 41
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14 87 58
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40 73 39
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Sfi »R 4.9,
44
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5. . .
6...
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!£•••
42 31 65 32 57 26
67 48 78 64 60 47
72 68 77 43109120
67 50 60 44 69 40
76 35 78 47 48 30
55 49 68 32 60 21
64 43 64 50 84 59
56 35 69 33 77 73
91 33 49 23 95 80
32 27 57 30 60 84
42 30 63 44 40 37
43 37 59 47 68 47
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31 23 34 16 58 68
70 31 51 20113 66
57.'
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
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.'.".' 36 27 53 41
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60 4.1 R?* 94.
46
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50
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23
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20...
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23 . . .
24...
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. 75
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. 85
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. 72
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. 60
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50 77
33 64
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62 94
33 94
49 80
44 61
56 86
44 61
77 65
76 67
53 82
34 48
25 14
50 20
47 7
42 17
57 15
58 26
78 13
74 23
52 30
40 27
44 32
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46 38
42 39
14
11
3
6
5
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28
17
15
15
20
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13
56...
57...
58...
59...
60...
61...
62...
63...
64...
65...
66...
67...
68...
69...
70...
52 33 44 27 117 98
51 21 35 26 83 79
61 29 41 32 45 37
32 26 58 56 59 86
28 18 47 38 41 36
34 22 17 14 72 80
48 29 44 27 69 78
35 20 27 22 54 60
29 15 20 22 78115
n 234° ?48 2i H 685°
if II 11 1\ il il
ij S8 67o0 1! il JS
72.'
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
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83 48 41
50 62 32
71 46 30
59 98 57
5 185 157
51
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31
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35
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. 70
. 71
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. 61
. 36
. 62
. 62
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47 69
30 106
36 163
11 202
60 83
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55 83
97 47
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56 28
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24
9
27
17
9
71. ..
72...
73...
74...
75...
76...
77...
63 40 59 33 50 36
54 28 63 46 62 41
65 64 70 38 39 16
61 56 69 40 46 23
42 35 112 72 17 12
73 60 84 50 37 42
50 42 68 55 49 38
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
... 93
...98
...92
...122
...107
...79
IV.
33 28 16
66 63 41
67 29 22
85 37 33
71 32 22
62 72 67
14
14
25
24
9
18
3
10
19
9
4
9
42...
43...
44...
45...
46...
47...
. 52
.116
.152
. 84
.107
.112
15129
34 24
34 37
43 13
36 20
56 18
79 25
14 26
7 29
8 11
14 19
2 23
9
11
3
4
13
5
78. ..
79...
80...
81...
83'.!'.
84...
86 35 72 53 67 52
65 33 59 48 57 35
43 47 59 30 41 21
81 63 84 39 59 33
69 61 101 75 31 15
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64 71 57 29 66 48
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...115
74 37 22
18
8
VI.
85...
78 68 73 53 41 28
8.
...79
72 42 38
11
10
1...
. 33
28 19
29 45
61
83...
74 56 75 42 71 44
9.
...83
77 48 52
31
17
2
. 60
43 37
26 65
104
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64 36 37 27 46 44
10.
...94
68 15 4
24
15
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. 49
46 27
20 87
76
88...
44 18 37 29 65 44
11
.. 64
58 36 27
12
9
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. 34
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91
VII.
12.
13.
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...79
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51 44 25
39 51 28
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23
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16
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. 33
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27 35
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55
46
it-
3...
83 53 79 36 54 34
55 40 76 43 63 50
75 42 99 56 66 40
15.
...107
66 69 26
32
15
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. 49
41 33
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75
4...
44 30106 79 29 16
16.
...106
68 44 34
20
14
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86
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76 62 60 36 36 30
17.
...84
54 68 47
14
10
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32 118
96
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96 36 23
17
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65 45 58 55 40 33'
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... 55
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4
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9
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. 82
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22.
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106 29 25
6
10
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29 26
25114
22 47
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20
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41 29 46 34 59 71
75 36 76 46 54 47
350
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Sweltxer. Thompeon. Hojne
VIII.
8»elt«er. Thompeon. Hojnr.
Pet
M. W. M. W. M. W.
Sweitcer. Ihompton. Hojne
Pot. M W M. W. M. W.
12.
32 26 71 47 43,' 39
Pet.
M W. M. W. M. W.
28.... 71 29 65 28 35 9
13.
26 22 62 34' 48 66
1..
. 42 26 60 56 40 31
29.... 34 19 43 36 17 14
14.
47 31 75 63, 79 63
2.
. 53 45 71 57 40 19
30.... 40 32 40 22 18 11
15.
16.
37 27 60 46 63" 53
29 13 53 4fl( 65 70
3 .
. 70 67 98 86 52 41
. 69 63 154 119 69 58
31.... 82 21 32 19 33 10
32.... 94 49 36 18 38 24
17.
36 24 52 50 44 66
6
. 69 50 103 96 39 36
33.... 60 9 83 20 116 1
18.
38 46 36 37 71 93
6 .
. 46 38 74 39 26 20
34.... 51 23 38 34 42 34
19.
31 15 59 30101100
7 .
. 50 28 49 49 30 24
35.... 80 39 37 23 27 13
20.
32 29 48 32 78 71
8 .
. 40 29 103 75 25 13
36.... 29 7 65 34 34 20
21
40 23 58 41 56' 26
9..
. 73 40 67 54 34 15
37.... 36 9 56 24 36 18
22.
23.
42 23 88 47 52 44
43 22 69 59 50 57
10..
11..
. 43 17 96 49 14 8
. 29 24 95 67 31 18
38.... 19 8 69 42 34 18
39.... 25 17 93 67 32 16
24.
28 27 69 41' 79 66
12..
. 44 24 109 85 36 17
40.... 48 23 85 68 41 23
25.
•
34 27 53 50122113
44 26 110 66 61 27
13..
14.
. 45 29 99 77 33 30
. 46 38 138 73 52 28
41.... 63 23 61 46 21 14
42.... 42 18 33 25 18 10
27
29 33 87 53 41" 34
15.
. 70 40 79 54 26 9
43.... 33 6 81 45 20 17
28.
29.
83 56 77 51 63.' 52
35 21 65 57 85 87
16.
17.
.134 60 21 12 36 13
.158 101 10 6 63 22
44.... 37 16 72 42 28 10
45.... 55 22 57 31 29 12
30.
t
56 31 53 34 53 47
18.
.108 49 17 2 44 16
46.... 58 32 56 43 20 12
31 •
38 19 57 39 56 56
19.
.192 94 5 4 7 5
47.... 54 31 113 59 24 16
32.
.
36 33 71 40 79 71
20..
. 95 44 49 19 42 16
48.... 27 15 94 63 26 14
33
51 29 79 63 70 71
21..
. 38 30 45 42 12 3
49.... 23 15 76 62 36 21
34.
51 22 84 43: 70 62
22..
. 39 10 51 41 17 8
50.... 27 15107 69 37 19
35.
29 15 44 24 63* 60
23..
. 31 21 29 28 3 5
51.... 18 6177 80 22 6
36.
37 25 49 25 57 5.8
24..
. 54 38 35 25 10 3
52.... 20 8102 52 19 13
37.
39 42 60 44 68* 71
25..
. 84 40 52 42 7 —
53.... 20 12102 4U 25 18
38.
39.
54 46 68 48, 71 68
44 31 54 41 38 55
26..
27..
.. 59 23 68 27 10 4
. 60 40 73 35 22 13
54.... 35 19138 59 22 16
55.... 33 19125 53 11 6
40.
31 24 58 67 66 54
28..
. 37 33 79 58 24 15
56.... 35 19129 92 16 7
41.
ft.
44.
•
41 23 85 52* 61' 41
60 59 61 49 51 49
39 36 42 22 24 24
46 45 59 41 54 40
29..
f?::
32..
. 49 26 81 28 14 6
. 62 43 72 48 19 11
. 97 77 38 20 — —
111 55 36 24 39 11
57.... 57 40 85 39 25 0
58.... 58 24 87 61 40 25
X.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
60.'
|
90 61 50 35 105 103
72 66 60 40 40' 26
84 56 53 38 38, 15
86 90 57 42 30 26
56 16 49 31 63' 23
92 53 63 26 57 31
74 51 72 45 3% 21
57 36 55 33 24 20
47 21 81 52 19 10
67 42 116 94 22 11
86 72 1 16 72 29 10
54 29 104 59 29 9
57 45 56 36 43' 22
60 30 92 67 30 11
35 22 109 72 23 13
64 24 81 50 34 17
33..
34..
35..
36..
37..
38..
39..
40..
41..
42..
43..
44..
45..
46..
47..
48..
104 55 15 10 21 9
. 159 81 17 13 39 16
. 47 31 69 65 17 8
. 37 24 92 47 22 18
. 36 29 55 39 16 4
. 62 44 29 16 16 3
. 60 14 46 7 7 3
. 58 37 57 25 22 15
. 75 27 63 17 6 6
. 30 11 69 36 9 1
. 25 15107 66 19 15
.. 39 10 73 46 17 10
. 55 29 64 46 19 U
.. 52 17 85 41 12 9
.. 39 30 81 54 13 4
. 33 18117 58 14 2
1.... 69 55 66 47 8 5
2.... 67 44 41 29 17 6
3.... 79 64 49 40 11 8
4.... 72 53 91 48 10 4
5.... 41 28 80 30 52 27
6.... 67 49 63 36 17 12
7.... 52 38 67 40 11 3
8.... 107 83 58 26 3 2
9.... 34 13 81 29 14 7
10.... 72 48101 71 14 10
11.... 65 37 97 43 15 6
12.... 66 14109 48 10 6
13. ...125 75 24 17 26 18
14.... 112 76 42 15 28 22
3 5.... 118 84 52 36 23 14
16.... 93 72 37 35 18 12
64'.
67'.
•
102 64 75 46 26 26
"74 67101 76 44 31
50 34 61 52 42 21
66 43 81 59 35 24
68 39 90 53 37 22
68 59 88 58 42 18
91 91 64 34 30 22
74 68 84 48 25 22
83 64 ] 02 73 31 27
50!!
51..
52..
53..
54..
55..
56..
. 29 17120 80 22 7
. 34 17124 90 14 2
. 35 11 62 23 18 2
. 48 10 41 13 23 6
. 49 27 26 12 17 4
. 74 28 64 26 30 14
. 32 19108 50 20 6
.. 43 28 79 39 — —
17 91 60 44 26 24 19
18.... 138 82 36 24 21 7
19.... (150 108 44 39 16 16
20.... 73 44112 66 12 3
21. ...102 78 55 42 10 12
22. ...123 94 36 11 23 13
23.... 99 79 22 22 12 8
24. ...141 81 68 44 18 18
25. ...Ill 80 52 36 10 7
f*
43 33 1O4 64- 25 21
IX.
26.. ..131 87 29 27 18 14
44 35 88 58 30 20
1..
.. 45 25 75 62 21 10
27. ...138 118 23 9 4 2
73'
fO 23 87 67 15 17
2..
. 51 21 55 36 31 2.1
XI.
73
5 14 101 64 34 28
3 *
. 44 20 62 63 46 28
75 '
43 47 88 65 38 in
49 27 73 54 29 14
4..
5..
. 58 35 139 94 43 30
. 60 32 97 58 40 23
1.... 71 39 61 28 17 6
2.... 61 34 57 26 19 5
76'.'
77.
61 39 8n 58 26 1*
41 23 60 55 14 5
6..
7..
. 69 49 96 65 55 32
.. 38 21 53 35 48 19
3.... 74 48 39 14 12 8
4.... 50 28 31 13 10 2
53 34 68 43 26 17
47 25 83 53 22 in
41 43 68 43 34 23
8..
18::
. 60 34 93 63 58 32
. 58 28 88 69 22 14
. 53 20 49 23 37 14
5.... 46 26 61 36 11 7
6.... 92 45 53 37 16 6
7.... 76 48 69 28 18 4
81
72 40 34 <>6 27 ?°
11..
. 49 28 75 49 12 14
8.... 55 18 44 25 49 14
82'.
70 41 ion 93 38 2n
41 23 71 48 24 17
12..
13..
. 55 33 62 49 34 19
. 55 40 49 39 23 16
9.... 54 29 73 42 6 —
10.... 56 26 79 53 24 10
54 40 86 52 41 «J!fi
14..
. 54 47 49 29 28 17
11. ...103 59 76 43 28 16
49 ?3 83 68 64- 4<i
15..
. 51 24 116 62 35 16
12. ...108 57 32 22 15 6
§29 57 79 66 57
16..
. 45 16 91 61 33 13
13.... 86 61 24 <19 19 5
87!
21 73 3n 106 R3
17..
. 26 20 96 71 27 13
14.... 90 60 32 23 18 9
28 82 R"! 79 3n
18.
. 30 115 69 52 27 12
15.... 109 103 10 7 11 6
38 77 30 92 61
in.
. 33 11 101 66 23 11
16.... 98 77 22 7 14 8
78 43 74 66 33 24
20.
. 55 31 78 36 31 19
17... 87 49 35 21 18 9
73 46 82 62 fil ?.4
21.
. 30 16 94 54 19 15
18... 118101 44 43 21 8
93.'
55 36 53 56 68 75
76 50 63 30 91 7*
°2
23! .
. 42 26 57 44 40 20
. 80 22 34 13 16 6
19... 98 66 60 48 12 5
20... 113 79 64 49 11 3
94
57 31 62 34 R9 4T
24.
. 29 15 54 43 21 18
21... 65 27 53 38 22 7
95.
96.
97.
101 61 85 49 131 79
60 38 51 45 51 34
70 35 77 51 27 10
25. .
26. .
27. .
. 58 49 71 53 21 11
. 59 35 52 25 23 19 ,
. 9-8 42 104 51 55 18 1
22... 87 57 44 28 23 10
23... 47 34134 98 19 7
24.... 59 39 99 67 19 10
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
851
gweitzer. Thompson. Fojn«. Sweitzer.
Thompson.
H.jne.
Sweitier. Thorny ton. Hoy I
Prt
M
W. M.
W. M.
W.
Pet. M. W.
M.
W
M W
Pet. M. W. M W M W
25.
.. 68
48 62
42 11
10
24.... 30 21
59
28
24 10 24.... 62 45 73 56 17 O
26.
.. 94
76 39
24 27
25.... 91 75
47
24
•17 5
25... 88 58132 8B 2« 1>
27
97
44 38
16 21
26... 89 HO
54
49
9 10
26
86 47 106 80 17 13
28.
.. 72
35 71
55 5
4
27...
102 58
59
29
13 3
27'..'.
59 33 81 59 19 15
29
.. 40
15 96
53 12
4
28...
99 92
35
31
12 11
28...
59 52 98 84 12 17
30.
.. 51
29 64
57 18
10
29...
83 51
27
19
17 7
29...
64 41 64 39 11 4
31.
32.
.. 60
.. 94
19 40
46 53
26 13
26 15
5
4
30...
31...
91 71
81 83
II
31
39
21 21
30...
31. .
60 29 55 34 7 7
75 57 67 48 23 15
33.
.. 47
21 85
46 15
6
32...
42 47
54
57
22 15
32...
71 64 90 64 37 20
34.
.. 76
46 45
27 13
4
33...
66 71
41
41
23 24
33...
72 67 54 41 29 15
35.
.. 86
57 69
31 14
9
34...
77 61
66
50
37 26
34
79 81 78 72 25 18
36.
.. 67
48 77
54 13
17
35...
69 57
67
48
30 16
35
84 53 74 66 21 27
37.
...100
38 34
27 5
2
36...
75 35
6*1
46
34 23
36...
68 59 69 50 19 12
XII.
37...
65 28
77
58
34: 22
37...
76 55 79 49 x!9 14
£•
...103
123
55 31
75 54
7 15
22 23
6
14
38...
39...
55 42
74 53
it
39
11
26 18
19 14
38...
39...
74 56 65 31 24 16
85 48 80 58 35 13
5:
'."139
78 43
14 27
13
40...
67 65
43
28
!1 !0
40...
82 67 39 31 18 9
4.
.. 87
70 32
36 18
20
41...
94 88
25
24
6 5
11...
75 59 62 31 11 10
5.
.112
93 33
15 14
3
42...
104 116
37
40
15 10
42...
72 48 58 33 18 16
6.
.. 88
56 35
21 38
20
43...
84 73
(19
14
14 4
43...
62 43 58 28 11 19
7.
8.
...114
...77
69 34
61 30
15 40
15 40
15
45
44...
45...
104 97
116 77
34
42
27
35
12 3
20 12
44...
45...
58 40 66 37 15 11
60 29 62 23 16 3
9.
10.
11.
...96
... 71
...104
97 33
59 31
58 32
11 21
13 "9
21 24
16
24
17
46...
47...
48...
103 88
78 49
94 65
36
38
32
25
25
24
15 6
8 5
18 12
46...
47...
48...
36 20 147 116 3 —
54 57 86 62 27 16
79 46 44 47 26 17
12 >
13.
14.
...112
...110
...123
77 44
77 23
76 24
27 24
22 22
19 26
11
9
13
49...
50...
51...
64 59
81 46
83 57
46
52
82
18
17
33
17 4
dl 1
20 5
49...
50...
51...
58 25 89 65 8 —
49 24 122 98 14 1
28 14 123 104 9 1
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
26.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
1?:
...89
...151
...58
...52
...57
...77
...101
...87
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...57
...122
...100
...69
...60
...71
...72
...104
...109
...100
...67
... 78
...67
:::!§
...96
.. 41
...70
...92
... 59
... 51
...50
...57
... 43
62 44
107 28
37 88
26123
31 77
47 47
48 29
51 20
72 32
33 24
81 32
78 65
48 30
44 69
41 39
56 55
65 68
35 53
71 46
44 63
50 84
35 53
42 70
72 59
64 55
24 73
37 44
57 51
36 54
38 50
18 89
41 70
35 72
27 18
22 14
50 29
56 11
43 15
29 39
21 31
9 3 '2
26 23
15 44
12 30
48 39
36 26
20 40
32 31
34 33
24 23
33 19
25 32
44 32
29 28
39 25
4d 9
34 24
47 15
28 22
27 8
32 10
1 ii
25 24
28 5
4
8
16
7
9
20
22
19
18
33
22
28
15
11
21
9
14
5
10
7
18
22
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7
11
6
13
6
5
3
21
10
3
52.. .
53...
54...
55...
56...
57...
58...
59...
60...
61...
62...
63..
64..
65..
66..
67..
68..
69..
70..
71..
72..
73..
74..
75..
76..
77..
78..
79..
80..
81..
82..
83..
84..
95 102
94 57
72 54
82 60
129 95
114110
. 75 65
. 86 97
. 70 66
. 79 85
. 70 79
. 55 86
. 66 71
. 65 79
. 91 84
.161 89
. 91 93
. 98 78
. 62 78
. 80 84
. 72 63
. 79 93
. 90 95
.115 .S9
.127151
. 66 78
.109 79
. 88 91
. 63 37
.136 133
.135 79
. 79 79
. 84 64
61
61
58
57
49
61
49
55
40
57
38
!?
51
54
39
70
77
53
77
52
41
79
40
35
72
57
55
69
42
31
56
37
47
36
24
45
47
44
34
47
36
68
33
83
24
33
34
66
45
56
31
58
47
53
87
34
37
36
37
43
1
19
29 11
19 8
49 17
25 15
20 12
15 6
32 27
22 17
•-4*3 18
31 15
£0 13
19 28
10 7
2^ 21
28 16
61 55
40 33
22 26
16 15
37 24
51 41
25 21
23 23
12 4
28 14
33 30
32 22
39 28
29 13
29 20
7 8
18 10
9 3
52 %,
5.1'.'.'
•54...
55...
56...
57...
58...
59...
60...
1. . .
3".'.'.
4
5...
6...
7...
8...
9...
10...
11...
12...
13...
14..
15..
16..
17..
18..
19..
20..
21..
22..
23
36 19 115 81 6 1
51 25 88 80 22 16
43 26 93 70 27 12
46 42 88 66 12 1
35 11 91 53 7 5
27 16 109 91 1 2
32 20 131 108 3 3
30 25 108 73 5 —
81 46 43 30 15 15
26 30 106 55 29 29
37 25 61 28 27 U
15 4 125 57 13 3
50 24 81 16 14 0
21 16 71 31 17 4
85 42 50 19 19 9
32 10 65 41 29 12
64 41 47 14 16 7
84 60 54 31 30 17
32 22 52 42 26 4
32 14 49 20 10 1
53 36 35 13 22 11
35 29 52 25 30 12-
34 6 58 24 22 7
40 22 68 40 32 13
34 10 49 23 15 8
39 29 50 28 27 9
32 12 54 25 17 7
47 18 116 90 35 30
27 20 107 68 23 19
44 29 78 53 19 15
31 30 95 50 17 10
24 15 78 52 39 21
1.
.. 84
...45
XIII
59 54
28 58
27 22
33 30
16
18
A1V.
1... 83 65 51
2... 74 49 ^38
39
24
12 3
15 6
24..
25..
°6
34 17128 69 26 6
31 10 106 64 29 13
54 32 114 65 56 28
4'.
...69
...64
38 69
46 49
49 30
39 18
17
6
3... 110 55
4... 133 78
22
17
6
13
10 6
12 2
27i!
28..
39 31 137 80 31 22
45 11 78 56 18 6
5.
6.
...44
.. 37
31 46
39 73
25 23
39 16
13
10
5... 84 65
6... 96 58
17
57
11
25
14 7
7 8
29..
30
48 31 82 56 27 18
28 12 73 33 35 15
7.
8.
9.
...106
...80
...56
69 94
32 65
25 68
72 16
49 30
34 33
It
16
7... 84 53
8.... 95 53
9.... 68 47
07
30
50
7
22
39
28 17
21 5
19 13
31..!
32...
33
51 31 98 42 18 10
64 44 98 54 39 10
56 29 58 21 23 11
10.
... 59
49 54
31 23
10
10.... 71 42
40
10
23 7
34 ...
80 44 97 41 19 5
11.
...73
48 55
29 16
11
11.... 47 26
53
32
12 10
35 ...
77 54 57 20 15 11
12.
...66
32 61
58 19
15
12. ...114 59
52
33
14 11
51 17 80 35 12 5
13.
14.
...54
...53
34 69
29 52
57 29
42 29
26
25
13.... 84 31
14.... 88 88
20
25
15
9
13 3
17 6
37! ::
38...
45 24 70 29 23 5
64 28 63 33 16 4
15.
...72
59 62
41 24
5
15.... 34 20
64
49
14 6
39...
52 18 70 19 27 6
16.
.. 58
53 78
53 19
14
16.... 59 25
19
11
32 12
10...
60 33 46 18 15 13
17.
...52
49 51
39 25
17
17.... 73 45
60
45
12 9
41...
83 38 73 41 21 11
18.
...59
35 66
49 28
15
18.... 67 42
71
50
38 16
4?...
116 71 38 11 18 6
19.
.. 57
32 56
49 30
17
19.... 65 55
67
46
23 9
43...
99 55 61 35 22 12
20.
.. 77
70 44
21 23
11
20.... 88 79
71
47
20 10
44...
77 45 80 37 23 10
21.
... 71
49 50
51 24
11
21.... 66 44
63
38
22 17
45...
§0 54 96 50 28 4
22.
...92
70 46
23 15
5
22.... 120 97
on
64
23 12
46...
9 40 110 63 30 13
23.
... 52
22 37
17 10
4
33,,., 67 48
9"3
68
20 9
47...
54 39 70 36 63 26
852
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
68 49
62 21
39
BwelUer. Thompson. Hojne
M. W. M. W. M. W.
67 69 61 31 17 12
AV, 17 70 33 24 19
7 51 25 22
4 25 22
_3 23 25
5 43 73 47 16
136 76 43
101 71 67
100 26 50 19 1
64 20 28 9
95 47 38 32
100 36 51 16
82 23 81 33 29
XVI.
74 28 16 15 11
64 32 20 16 6
89 41 36 23 29 17
76 40 79 34 16 10
*6 50 34
119 65 46 18
129 80 27 10
78 35 19 10
31 19 16
19 4
26 8
20 7
7 7
29 14
160 79 10 14
107 97 12 3
70 64 75 44 11
87 66 65 32 3]
25
16
51 38 21
40 19 34 20
XVII.
134 68 26 18 2
97 36 27 17
89 65 57 32
84 43 61 50
114 91 44 15
95 68 39 19 23 7
60 34 36 14 36 23
9 54 30 8 13 4
37 19
1
19
58
JO 20
U 14
121
96 55 43
27
18 23
33 11
3
4
2
22 11
20 13
46 20 22 5
60 23 17 9
I? =
xvm.
§
76 17 45 4
62 28 54 17
12 37 13 35 IP
49 27 62 34 13 8
50 26 50 46 30 22
38 15 66 48 33 5
29 10 98 93 7Q 24
61 24 62 22 145 83
82 28 61 13 48 15
59 15 67 20 38 13
101 — 80
104 — 41
35
II
Pet.
13..
14.
15..
16..
il::
19..
20.
21..
22.
23..
24.
25.
26.
27.
28..
29.
30..
31..
32..
33.
34.
37..
38.
39.
40..
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
62.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bwdtrer. Thompe n.
M. W. M. W.
68 21 29 6
120 18 76 18
144 22 57 8
142 9 41 3
72 15 70 13
81 38 20 11
95 38 29 14
7
7
82
J5 „„
65 36 _.
69 30 19
144 29 39
81 27 2
72 33 5_ _„
49 35 33 18
69 49
28 11
51 26
71 43
62 22
63 24 56 23
53 28 56 47
57 20 53 17
61 19 76 25
53 34 58 36
46 37 36 12
58 32 48 26
53 21 77 41
46 55 54 25
58 41 43 27
44 34 43 17
62 31 55 34
40 34 59 51
51 26 54 28
36 21 56 20
47
31
7 71 47
21 54 25
21 39 28
23 60
41 20
56 34
48 53 33
41 42
62
49 41 42 33
72 60 49 33
84 68 44 28
59
72 4
45
57 38 46 21
33 38 15 11
69 63 61 30
78 47 46 15
36 20 45 29
27 18 63 43
39 37 73 64
59 26 58 47
50 44 62 33
29 24 51 36
49 24 55 37
XIX.
74 25 29 15
100 43 34 14
89 21 35 12
110 22 46 14
94 31 27
120 58
106 70 ~.
158 22 95 18
44 18
27 13
_. 18
38 15
27
X4JO
43
123
1
4
86 36 34 21
166102 23 9
117 27 27 12
103 23 24 10
91 40 22 14
113 43 24
130 49 36
103 94 11
109 67 17
92 54 39
128 69 33 _
132 76 58 12
104 44. 60 13
63 29 83 31
74 31 69 29
95 46 25 7
110 54 30 20
, 63 39 64 39
, 61 26 41 11
XX.
132 44 37 11
65 45 30 10
80 39 76 42
7
5
7
5
13
23
It ±
Pet
4.,
5.,
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18..
19.,
20.
21.
23'.'
1..
2..
3..
4..
5..
6..
7..
8.
9..
10.,
11.
12.,
13..
14.
15.,
16.,
17.,
18.,
19..
20.,
21.,
22.,
23..
24..
25.
26.,
27.,
28.,
29.
30.,
31.
32.,
33.
34.,
35.
36.
37..
38..
39..
to.,
u..
42..
13..
44..
45..
46.,
i7..
48..
49..
50.,
51..
52..
53..
54..
55..
56..
57..
58..
59..
60..
1..
2..
30
J3 22
16 25
Thompson.
M. W. M. W
68 34 102 66
102 60 81 36
55 33 101 61
94 63 88 55
92 36 47 23
71 36 75 42
94 79 36 24
72 47 38 16
130 83 20
67 45 62
118 68 29 18
158112 38 18
102 41 71 41
109 58
124 91
131 72 34 13
132 71 40 8
125 54 42 31
93 44 63 42
67 40 100 42
XXI.
70 47 63 42
63 49 102 53
43 31 69 24
87 47 104 62
53 7 62 10
76 49 69 33
77 64 82 41
72 60 91 58
69 41 70 41
65 49 66 40
74 42 97 47
67 42 53 25
71 35 74 50
51 35 80 38
49 25 73 36
74 57 79 37
73 47 78 35
54 36 37
81 60 31
71 4(
57 5(
79 65 27 19
65 48 34 31
76 73 51 34
63 51 48 24
80 70 42 29
60 61 81 42
52 51 57 23
96 42 60 28
73 47 58 28
66 39 51 31
70 43 78 29
77 34 40 15
40 36 50 10
84 44 58 27
63 24 63 52
87 36 80 43
64 44 60 46
76 51 46 15
89 30 36 8
96 52 55 24
195 74 59 28
73 35 49 27
77 37 59 29
81 34 59 47
73 69 46 26
86 65 47 29
94 64 45 19
59 21 27 9
96 20 30 14
91 16 56 21
52 8 26 5
93 43 52 24
126 35 62 26
76 37 59 12
110 28 51 13
102 30 94 25
110 29 73 17
160 25 79 19
108 11 41 8
XXII.
93 43 51 21
93 58 62 35
20
44 28
23 13
Borne.
M W
9 7
9 6
3 2
5 4
11 0
2 —
— 1
19 2
6 4
11 15
6 2
14 8
10 3
6 1
69 48
32 26
24 18
14 11
24 15
29 20
9 6
37 24
33 16
42 14
17 6
16 10
8 3
15 4
20 13
25 19
70 33
41 12
47 34
42 29
41 53
61 32
31 30
38 35
26 18
52 51
52 44
37 48
28 14
25 13
33 21
34 14
19 9
9 6
23 2
12 O
5 2
21 27
38 9
35 17
19 5
23 17
25 10
32 15
31 24
60 28
29 17
15 3
7 1
17 1
28 4
59 29
37 9
11
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
853
Smitxer. Thompson.
Hojne.
Sweitxer. Thompson.
Horn*.
Sweitxr-. Thoirpso-. HOT- .
Pet.
M.
W. M.
W.
M. W
Pet.
M
W. M.
W.
M. W.
Pot.
M. W M. W M.'W.
3...
. 64
oo 60
17
17 9
63...
. 63
32 57
36
61 63
13..
. 45 35 88 69 34 20
4...
. 25
23106
65
16 18
54...
. 55
30 66
30
32 24
14..
. 68 38 111 67 75 64
6...
. 39
23 77
47
18 6
55...
. 44
33 87
61
49 40
15...
. 78 69 77 65 77 68
?...
. 64
32 97
59
21 7
56...
. 51
40 81
46
30 17
16...
. 58 28 66 38 49 63
...
. 61
22 86
40
15 13
57...
. 52
41 59
42
22 18
17...
. 40 24115 68 59 48
8...
. 53
28 77
46
14 17
58...
. 47
21 63
46
32 25
18...
. 45 34 71 44 45 40
9...
. 61
29 64
28
14 2
59...
. 58
31 57
36
41 22
19...
. 42 39 56 38 54 32
10...
. 62
42 62
26
17 11
60...
. 65
45 70
51
19 10
20...
. 68 48 79 40 74 55
11...
.136
71 79
41
10 5
61...
.109
62 74
47
8 4
21...
. 31 29 45 27 60 31
. 57
30105
43
11 8
62...
. 99
46 75
49
15 4
. 90 56 57 37 99 81
13!!!
.124
125 51
22
9 2
63...
. 73
40 66
36
19 33
23'.:
. 60 65 84 71 78 76
14...
.103
69 40
34
12 6
64...
. 69
43 60
44
31 14
24..
. 62 57 46 25 63 54
15...
. 78
72 65
45
18 13
65...
. 66
30 99
58
18 8
25...
. 47 46 43 57 46 62
16...
.108
78 44
26
6 2
66...
. 68
58 81
68
18 7
26...
. 59 47 49 66 40 23
17...
18...
. 91
75
55 43
25 43
20
32
16 6
27 10
67...
68...
. 67
. 45
46 88
12 64
55
39
22 14
19 22
27...
28..
. 66 47 47 44 59 40
. 70 60 70 49 88 60
19...
20...
82
58
72 55
29 69
37
11 2
23 3
69...
70...
. 55
. 39
48 89
28 39
43
32
36 30
42 41
30"
oU . .
. 56 31 66 33 101 83
. 52 32 85 68117 82
21...
70
48 63
31
14 12
71...
75
58 86
48
17 9
31.
. 54 40 71 54 78 59
22...
23...
24...
56
41
102
67
26 55
21 68
42 25
17 46
ig
7
24
27 6
13 1
2 1
22 6
1...
2...
. 48
. 47
XXIV
33 91
37 82
'38
55
37 17
16 8
32 . .
33. .
34. .
35. .
. 35 19 62 27 49 42
. 61 26 65 46 74 51
. 50 32 68 42 82 66
. 44 28 69 45 61 51
26. . .
28'.::
55
28 74
25 62
9 60
19
25
15
14 2
49 11
29 10
3...
4...
5...
. 77
. 85
. 58
54 54
53 65
31 105
34
33
56
13 6
12 10
14 4
36. .
37. .
38. .
. 51 37 79 50 72 55
. 48 42 44 34 64 46
33 37 54 44 49 45
29...
65
45 34
16
16 7
6. ..
. 72
48 67
41
20 7
39...
. 28 27 74 61 61 37
30...
62
29 45
24 2
7. ..
. 42
25 79
49
28 16
40...
. 65 33 88 38 66 52
31...
32...
33...
87
66
92
22 70
35 58
31 54
24
8
10 5
16 4
11 2
8...
9...
10...
. 46
. 73
77
21 74
40 73
40 99
50
51
65
33 20
14 12
19 15
41...
42...
43 .
. 50 34 96 40 46 62
100 62 76 66 82 63
66 43 63 26 77 37
34...
66
21 18
~c
10 2
11...
55
26105
56
20 21
44...
42 40 62 38 68 60
12...
60
29 97
58
32 22
45.. .
66 31 76 46 63 42
XXIII.
13...
77
41 114
72
22 7
39 30 64 36 83 59
1...
. 61
54 71
40
49 46
14...
50
20 113
74
19 6
47 '
88 59 70 34 112 65
. 63
31 60
40
41 38
15...
58
29126
80
23 9
48...
62 34 72 45 105 68
. 45
42 78
68
49 53
16...
61
31 98
76
4 1
49...
63 43 68 50 68 62
4...
. 68
44 93
48
45 23
17...
63
38 138
81
14 8
50
t7 36 95 67 70 53
6...
. 64
29 98
51
53 31
18...
55
23 92
41
17 4
51...
5 31 113 68 77 53
6...
. 37
29 66
41
39 35
19...
59
20130
78
13 14
52...
66 45 113 75 61 38
7...
. 90
51 120
85
64 45
20...
69
49 151
89
29 15
53::.
46 33 92 69 63 41
8...
. 41
23 96
49
32 20
21...
96
68 71
42
18 11
54...
56 37 97 74 52 47
9...
. 53
24 117
65
39 21
22. ..
69
50 63
40
22 10
55...
59 55 69 51 67 61
10...
. 41
8 64
44
37 17
23...
68
59 71
32
20 8
56 .
64 33 62 29 76 52
11...
. 26
18 72
34
25 9
24...
89
41 53
28
32 25
57...
49 44 81 50 85 56
12...
. 33
11 80
41
30 4
25...
96
112 38
29
27 10
58...
52 40 67 47 53 43
13...
. 41
14 89
52
24 22
26
85
49 52
34
18 11
59...
51 35 70 49 28 32
14...
. 84
48143
73
36 29
27...
110
70 52
34
6 4
60...
66 36 122 85 47 34
15...
. 46
29 85
55
29 23
28
128
104 36
24
14 12
61...
43 29 99 54 69 45
17'"
. 2-8
. 48
23 76
11 91
56
47
26 8
37 15
29...
30...
. 85
79
59 70
50 53
32
29
21 7
20 12
62...
63...
79 50130 80 65 29
79 69 62 53 52 30
is!.'!
. 56
48 77
57
24 10
31
'l06
62 65
30
23 7
64...
57 64 71 58 101 80
19...
20...
21...
22...
23...
24...
25...
26...
27...
28...
29...
30...
31...
32...
33...
34...
35...
36...
37...
38...
39...
. 48
. 37
. 41
. 45
. 43
. 73
. 42
. 43
. 78
53
. 29
. 31
. 64
63
62
86
76
64
. 57
. 37
72
38 112
22 77
25 106
25 80
31 77
63 69
25 75
22 84
61 87
54 72
32 61
39 85
47 73
66 74
35 64
61 49
41 64
49 65
25 87
26 76
38 126
72
65
73
46
52
47
57
78
65
53
51
50
59
53
50
43
27
37
43
46
79
48 33
48 25
41 21
32 18
68 43
34 28
29 24
34 19
38 38
26 34
46 43
35 27
63 55
53 61
58 55
81 77
65 36
42 34
21 12
25 22
38 28
32::.'
33...
34...
35...
36...
37...
38...
39...
40...
41...
42...
43...
44...
45...
46...
47...
48...
49...
50...
51...
.' 76
. 50
. 99
.120
.104
.115
. 75
:88
. 58
.102
. 60
. 76
. 68
. 80
80
80
78
65
. 64
44 48
27116
67 56
74 63
61 45
52 36
37. 35
40 75
36 49
20 45
73 38
47 73
44 71
66 55
64 49
60 40
46 61
52 59
65 73
61 73
30
70
28
30
20
20
20
36
28
33
30
39
58
45
41
33
36
45
70
44
17 19
19 20
53 40
41 20
27 14
20 9
66 56
46 30
41 27
18 8
41 34
28 11
9 9
6 9
19 11
23 11
17 8
17 9
6 8
12 5
65...
66...
37...
70:::
71...
72...
73...
74...
75...
76...
77...
78...
79...
80...
81...
82...
83...
84...
85...
60 56 63 49 60 69
. 48 36 61 41 59 66
. 57 46 65 40 66 76
. 43 41 43 30 63 46
. 76 45 63 39 66 60
t2 41 90 51 42 33
2 58 91 60 62 60
. 58 45 93 71 49 41
. 52 43 112 87 61 48
. 49 34 80 78 46 SO
. 60 39 69 39 59 40
. 95 58144 90 66 36
. 45 43 69 48 38 45
. 74 63 86 49 67 31
. 72 65 53 30 52 47
. 64 32 112 54 40 32
. 85 72 59 33 45 46
70 40 73 42 64 39
54 62 71 58 45 38
58 47 70 39 63 48
115 97 71 51 45 39
40...
: 53
30 74
46
26 16
XXV.
86...
98 87 45 36 35 35
41...
. 55
36 70
49
25 18
1...
61
44125
84
49 43
87...
117113 40 33 49 29
42
45
17123
69
15 11
2
51
34 101
73
46 19
88...
89 93 49 43 63 47
43!"
45
31 91
62
33 20
3!::
49
28 112
88
36 22
89...
. 83 49 81 41 40 35
44...
59
45 79
54
14 10
4...
46
23 75
45
20 17
90...
65 68 63 43 56 35
45...
65
27 81
49
24 16
5...
72
39 123
65
27 13
91...
89 54 63 37 57 40
46...
72
51 74
tl
20 16
6...
62
31 112
69
34 16
QO
68 33 71 39 87 76
47...
42
22 71
q
o
26 16
7...
57
34 55
41
57 35
QQ'"
«7O . . .
37 16 49 41 92 79
48...
43
29 56
44
33 17
8...
62
45 72
40
60 42
94...
74 57 44 31 64 67
49...
41
25 69
41
22 13
9...
50
38 78
56
42 33
95...
38 32 63 41 47 50
60...
43
33 100
79
34 35
10...
30
19 88
65
27 14
96....
58 51 57 32 68 68
61...
68
35 76
60
44 46
11...
49
47 74
42
§3 17
97...
28 23 62 48 63 45
52...
70
47 60
34
52 68
12...
38
31 98
54
2 26 98 ...
46 34 57 37 57 61
854
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Pet.
Sweitrer. Thorn
M. W. M.
p»«n.
W
Hoyne.
M W.
Pet.
Sweitrer. Thompson. Hojn«.
M. W. M. W. M. W.
Pet.
Sweitier. Thompson. Homo
M W. M. W. M W
99....
55
36 67
52
112 102
72...
.103
59 67
37 16
7
69..
. 65 38 77 46 29 14
100...
60
31 84
57
95 124
73...
.105
61 98
63 15
11
70...
. 86 37 94 40 24 8
101...
64
48 57
98
77 74
74..
. 89
44 107
57 33
14
71...
. 56 27 85 36 30 14
102...
53
23 56
30
71 74
75...
. 64
42 75
37 37
32
72...
. 47 25 93 55 23 6
103...
59
36123
58
76 63
76...
. 61
32 63
34 36
28
73...
. 52 27 97 39 11 4
104..
58
29 49
36
95 88
77...
. 98
44 98
68 30
26
74...
. 63 31 80 28 20 5
105..
41
24 57
40
45 30
78..
. 97
41 101
42 15
11
75...
49 26 108 50 23 7
106..
103
120 53
37
52 29
79...
. 64
47128
63 35
17
76. .
26 18 101 37 22 6
107..
74
54 100
51
53 34
80...
. 74
50 123
73 48
25
77...
. 33 18 99 66 19 7
108..
109..
110...
111...
77
41
64
44
76 63
26 64
31 67
31 53
41
43
44
40
41 37
61 64
122 70
61 58
81...
ft
84..
. 77
. 81
. 63
35 97
49 109
43 71
70122
48 54
61 63
29 15
63 30
25
27
13
10
78...
79...
80...
81...
37 19 106 68 28 11
. 65 22107 58 21 12
50 21 96 62 24 1*
63 24 64 26 26 IS
XXVI.
85..
. 94
56 90
54 19
11
82...
100 31 35 13 48 16
4
§3
11 134
59
15 6
86...
. 78
36 711
16 77
62
83...
106 29 32 17 42 14
2"*
5
39 192
75
37 14
XXVII.
84...
93 32 56 19 68 22
3^::
t::::
47
35
34
23119
17100
13121
54
53
64
24 16
V t
1...
2
3'"
. 39
. 41
64
26 76
19 100
30 89
43 47
53 36
68 50
36
31
36
8.5...
86...
87...
79 28 82 34 55 18
164 57 40 13 39 11
82 26 27 13 62 25
6....
if::::
12....
70
|3°
1
42
34 1 58
23 106
29 73
33 99
47 76
27 103
21 108
87
77
39
47
41
45
59
30 13
30 15
13 15
27 22
2!) 1 7
32 20
24 15
4...
5...
!•••
9...
10...
: 55
. 71
:H
. 79
. 71
57
28 106
23115
21 88
26 95
39144
25 106
18 89
50 28
44 —
37 46
45 43
67 56
50 35
21
13
30
26
16
88...
89...
90...
91...
92...
93...
94...
94 49 19 11 62 30
87 44 33 13 34 16
73 44 122 65 22 18
36 14 117 63 19 15
46 25173 94 31 7
109 35 89 42 36 16
51 16 127 60 47 22
13....
14....
15....
61
42
53
34128
24 82
33 105
Hi
59
40 22
26 15
23 7
12'.'.:
13
.' 52
. 42
64-
26 98
28 69
Of) f>(\
51 41
40 40
OA A1
26
26
O/l
95...
96...
97...
45 31 88 54 33 22
60 34119 63 60 26
39 18 79 37 35 12
il
41 88
17 73
i*
33 24
23 15
14'.*.'.
'.It
46
ou ou
29 86
32 97
/£O 4 J.
39 29
pro tfy
/o4
14
Of*
98...
99...
50 39119 67 75 34
38 29 72 55 59 35
is::::
49
il
31 91
39 96
37116
gg
66
21 20
20 8
23 21
i?:::
1 8
: 59
. 38
20 114
15 95
oo oy
53 27
41 25
oo
18
6
100..
101..
102
41 22 94 48 59 23
44 27105 66 67 36
41 26 92 47 66 36
21::::
24.'::
25...
26...
27...
28...
29...
30...
31...
32...
33....
H?
57
47
58
87
83
61
62
®
54
69
31 126
43 1 09
33 110
27 71
37 85
72 76
48107
34 99
40 92
26 98
36 138
25 101
73
56
63
46
47
53
53
50
59
56
63
64
65
23 17
34 17
31 13
16 17
26 16
15 11
17 15
19 12
24 24
24 17
29 13
22 3
31 10
•.O. ••
19...
20...
21...
23'.::
24...
25...
26...
27...
28...
29...
30...
31...
.' 56
. 50
. 63
. 48
. 52
54
74
59
61
51
62
49
44
30 96
37101
34 80
23 78
31 96
32 89
39 102
23 72
23 101
26123
27 91
20 93
27106
53 28
63 26
61 32
50 40
49 16
48 39
52 25
29 25
46 49
53 32
61 30
47 28
50 29
25
11
23
39
9
n
16
18
8
12
14
8
103..
104..
105..
106..
107..
108..
109..
1....
2....
3....
4....
5....
17 21 104 38 64 33
18 10 85 39 57 31
71 47 95 77 60 14
32 10102 66 36 28
59 41 94 50 46 18
79 47107 67 35 13
44 15 100 38 33 13
xxvm.
54 31 59 48 18 10
56 36 86 34 22 11
83 35 61 40" 17 —
44 18 55 43 11 6
42 26 69 48 11 12
IS:;::
36....
§7
oy
58
5?
46 65
22114
DO
35
71
oJL J.U
28 17
31 32
32...
II:::
33
il
19 64
10 97
21 78
42 28
53 11
50 20
14
6
6
6...
7...
8....
41 12 61 22 35 15
57 35 67 30 29 13
54 48 58 37 5 6
/ . . . .
8....
39
Oo
17
Rft
15 58
!!
39 31
35...
36...
II
20108
28 96
63 34
40 26
17
12
9....
10....
40 24 81 39 17 10
23 13 75 43 27 8
41:::
42....
43....
44....
47'.'.'.!
48
39
48
62
42
42
il
75
41
37 72
33 87
57 87
23 76
29 65
11 E!
70 64
27 52
rrO
57
61
57
49
55i
27
42
32
43 29
57 45
47 45
35 26
gg n
64 40
51 35
36 44
37...
38...
39...
40...
41...
42...
43...
44...
45...
60
31
42
54
42
47
44
64
50
24142
18 95
17106
25 110
18 66
21 78
21 103
42 86
36 51
77 36
56 35
97 34
64 24
38 55
40 35
66 69
42 53
37 56
26
30
30
11
53
40
64
32
51
11....
12....
13....
14....
15....
16....
17....
18....
19....
45 22 89 72 25 14
44 30 90 63 27 16
55 24 98 42 13 4
53 19 67 40 15 7
38 23 70 43 20 4
55 30 62 39 13 9
44 26 73 41 18 4
127 48 41 22 22 6
55 47 51 33 10 6
49:":
50....
51....
52 .
52
36
1?
44 78
21 75
22 66
28 79
48
11
68
45 38
51 29
OX ~ ;f
50 48
46...
47...
48...
49...
39
32
49
52
33 78
28 100
11 124
44 92
59 53
46 36
55 20
46 37
34
18
12
15
20....
21....
22....
23....
110 44 34 16 16 7
70 36 23 9 27 13
97 78 12 8 33 18
97 70 11 5 20 14
53.::
54...
57
§2
49 91
56 94
61
46
43 41
52 23
50...
51...
56
33 98
43116
37 32
73 34
16
20
24....
25....
54 27 33 23 36 21
98 24 42 18 19 7
55
1
46 116
62
35 13
52...
83
24118
73 31
20
26....
93 84 12 12 28 25
56...
49
30 84
53
58 32
53...
84
38 131
59 52
29
27....
97 71 14 5 15 3
57...
50
30 94
54
49 48
54...
47
10 102
37 24
II
28....
91 47 11 10 43 28
58...
46
17 85
74
31 14
55...
51
22 105
44 33
12
29...
80 35 24 12 8 1
61
25 71
39
23 15
56...
58
25 155
57 35
13
30....
106 52 24 13 22 14
fiO
81
33 88
39
35 11
57...
34
16 115
49 23
6
31....
54 22 82 46 9 6
ei:::
73
26 94
52
14 10
58...
67
26 86
26 61
29
32....
52 28 64 49 23 —
62...
36
19 91
33
24 7
59...
75
35137
65 41
13
33....
62 38 77 40 24 17
63...
24
11 89
53
31 16
60...
45
26 73
45 31
22
34....
66 37 71 51 25 13
64...
56
54 92
67
32 18
61...
67
42 77
39 52
23
35....
3.5 25 85 43 28 21
65...
54
27105
60
57 23
62...
83
34 98
43 26
10
36...
52 21 84 48 24 6
66...
24 131
80
56 41
63...
85
27 36
14 56
24
37....
55 34 75 38 14 8
67...
32
13 130
84
75 14
64...
80
36 85 »
39 66
26
*8
48 36 52 36 7 3
68...
33
28 135
75
§6 24
65...
57
26106
55 58
35
39...
28 22 100 59 22 11
69...
35
19129
77
6 28
66...
37
23 87
48 34
22
40....
57 48 98 60 22 16
70...
30
27118
71
34 14
R7....
94
30 36
11 47
9
41....
43 17 90 47 25 12
71...
59
28135
75
55 23
68...
79
25 60
25 28
12
42....
64 27 95 56 30 21
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
865
Swettier. Thompson. Hojne.
XXX.
fweJtier. Thompson, Horn*.
Pet. M W. M W. M W
Pet
M W M W M W
43.... 45 29107 65 22 19
Sweitzer. Thompson. Hojne,
Pet M W M W M W
34."...
108 96 69 46 20' 8
44.... 33 27 76 51 25 24
45.... 47 21 95 53 22 10
1.... 14 6149 90 8 4
2 23 9 152 99 5 1
35....
36....
102121 34 18 37 38
104113 41 31 13 10
46.... 59 34 87 57 22 14
47.... 56 32 66 52 26 7
48.... 63 49 57 31 26 8
3.... 29 17152 73 6 2
4.... 63 44 53 29 15 4
5 . 46 27 99 62 16 6
91 79 55 96 24 14
.71 66 65 44 19 16
54 45 79 68 21 9
49.... 63 33' 36 19 23 29
6 " 74 46 96 68 25 4
40'."
67 44 105 97 19 17
50.... 70 44 90 41 51 26
51.... 60 27 78 61 22 19
7'.'.".'. 80 70 53 50 7 4
8 92 83 15 12 12 6
41...
42...
42 29108 93 18 18
96 104 56 62 28 13
52.... 43 24 91 67 25 16
53.... 63 54 87 47 29 26
54.... 48 37109 52 22 17
9'!**.116102 22 14 16 11
10.... 69 43 28 10 13 3
11 91 76 14 14 4 2
43...
44...
45....
37 25 87 43 31 15
25 14 80 69 23 18
33 35 71 43 12 10
55.... 48 24 95 79 16 10
56.... 79 50 54 35 13 5
12.. ..102 76 21 19 17 15
13 133 64 19 5 15 8
46....
47....
;32 13112 96 18 7
48 24 92 62 28 10
57.... 78 52 81 45 17 4
58.... 83 54 84 43 11 4
14.... 95 35 49 24 25 5
15 112 83 27 15 22 6
48....
49....
62 26 114 55 27 13
53 36104 95 30 13
59.... 54 29 97 60 14 6
16.... 98 56 21 8 13 7
50....
25 8 89 47 23 9
XXIX.
1.... 60 21 31 9 12 10
17.. ..101 36 10 3 16 7
18.... 75 29 13 6 15 11
19 117 52 24 8 19 5
ti....
2....
63....
37 24 100 60 15 7
40 28 131 98 16 6
37 28 118 104 17 7
2.... 60 21 30 5 20 5
3.... 58 26 40 18 18 5
4.... 43 24 60 27 63 36
5.... 58 30 36 18 36 27
6.... 64 16 43 8 27 12
7.... 98 32 17 8 51 13
8.... 68 27 31 17 29 21
9.... 83 34 10 7 52 28
10.... 74 32 33 15 62 20
11.... 80 36 52 19 48 16
12.... 89 30 84 34 27 8
13.... 148 81 26 10 51 26
14.... 98 40102 60 21 6
15. ...110 83 40 26 16 —
16.... 92 34 53 29 18 4
17.... 60 33 50 23 21 8
18.... 74 34 27 10 18 7
19. ...110 82 45 37 15 8
20.... 71 30 63 50 16 7
21.... 77 45 76 52 14 3
22.... 67 39 62 36 16 5
23.... 97 53 80 36 16 11
24 89 63 70 36 21 8
20!"' 85 59 61 39 18 11
21. ...100 45 32 19 17 18
22.... 95 76 24 9 15 5
23... 84 48 40 18 24 12
24... 56 23 48 24 7 7
25... 67 49 74 53 6 6
26... 104 71 42 39 17 7
27... 33 10143127 5 1
28... 58 24118 80 3 —
29... 24 6172140 2 —
30... 43 18133109 9 3
31... 12 19172148 2 —
32... 20 7169129 5 2
33... 31 24115 79 15 11
34... 101 55 65 32 16 11
35... 101 63 57 49 11 6
36... 98 58 61 38 12 2
37... 70 52 38 25 14 10
38... 81 45 37 38 28 14
39... 85 76 52 45 23 22
40... 112 98 63 41 25 8
41... 91 7.7 52 29 17 8
54....
55....
56....
57....
58....
59....
62.'.'.'
63....
64....
67.'!.'
68....
69....
70....
71....
72....
73....
74....
31 22 120 101 28 10
58 36 97 70 30 11
67 44 87 53 26 12
78 65 84 63 30 20
99 58 72 48 23 13
58 36 92 87 28 5
43 30 88 74 21 12
54 34 92 75 19 10
47 41 81 48 43 14
?1 44 72 38 19 6
1 34 90 64 24 24
92 55 1.11 76 23 16
75 50 79 68 20 2
64 39 85 47 20 12
70 66 72 63 16 8
68 47 69 48 11 0
87 78 59 50 32 27
73 66 84 77 24 32
71 63 82 66 21 13
77 68 72 60 16 10
11 5 95 90 2 —
xxxn.
25!!!! 89 48 58 36 13 9
26. ...121 87 43 40 17 5
42... Ill 111 20 34 23 14
43... 82 95 24 21 24 15
1....
2....
42 27 77 54 34 26
58 41 75 62 46 19
27 ..93 41 56 29 18 6
44... 106 87 33 22 5 5
3....
27 25 59 50 29 46
28.... 84 22 54 23 24 17
29. ...115 81 28 13 35 24
45... 115 97 52 47 19 8
46... 88 45 53 43 19 11
25 16 73 55 34 26
39 19 84 66 25 30
30.... 51 23112 58 17 5
31.... 136 77 69 46 19 8
47... 93 77 42 33 16 9
48... 84 52 37 25 29 13
7'.!'.'.
35 21 77 60 77 84
24 15 58 30 49 47
32.... 81 35 90 41 36 12
33.... 73 30 83 39 20 6
49... 133 86 47 33 13 5
XXXI.
8....
9....
33 30 62 65 67 61
45 31 68 49 46 43
34.... 54 17 63 38 14 6
1.... 21 25101 68 7 3
10....
38 41 50 39 60 53
35.... 46 9 99 50 22 8
2.... 9 3174134 3 1
11....
19 17 97 79 41 34
36. ...119 55120 63 45 25
3.... 99 61 49 44 14 11
12....
17 12 92 46 30 27
37.... 43 17 78 37 29 10
4 84 69 58 57 14 7
13....
36 31 76 37 29 22
38.... 57 25 75 33 9 11
5.... 72 65 57 55 23 19
14....
33 31 87 62 30 21
39.... 40 22 82 44 38 26
40.... 90 44176 99 55 27
41.... 80 47112 81 31 18
6.... 90 52 60 33 28 13
7.... 93 59 63 51 20 13
8.... 74 36 59 51 34 22
15....
16....
17....
44 25 93 52 31 23
55 42 73 57 33 16
51 33 88 43 21 10
42.... 71 36 86 58 26 11
9.... 76 75 64 44 32 24
18....
38 14 94 48 31 22
43.... 69 33 92 66 27 10
10.... 25 12 89 77 12 4
19....
55 31 100 78 32 13
44.... 86 65 45 29 19 10
11 65 42 43 27 16 8
20....
22 24 88 51 16 11
45. ...126 78 68 48 23 16
12.... 45 45 46 43 28 19
66 47 72 52 29 23
46.... 99 79 57 43 19 10
13.... 40 31 57 41 22 25
22.'.".'.'
41 30 79 67 17 14
47.... 55 28123 62 29 18
14.... 56 20 49 21 45 37
23
60 51 73 42 22 7
48... 66 32 93 52 16 8
15"" 38 34 94 86 33 25
24....
64 46125 83 16 4
49... 53 27 85 62 36 23
16 45 48 64 93 28 29
25...
39 24 88 53 24 6
50... 101 68 89 63 23 13
51... 49 28 98 61 27 8
17.... 39 30 63 38 34 19
18 48 37 55 29 34 15
26....
27....
55 46 71 59 16 9
76 58 98 71 37 27
52... 49 27101 58 25 7
19 60 44103101 33 29
28
96 65 60 45 19 14
53... 46 24100 64 14 5
20.... 61 35 77 72 52 47
29...
73 44 59 30 15 11
54... 77 62 95 58 24 8
21.... 41 45 65 56 22 19
30....
80 51 48 40 16 9
55... 74 52 92 84 5 4
22 59 24 86 55 25 15
31....
64 45 63 39 8 8
56... 78 73 57 50 11 6
23. .. 45 17 70 52 24 13
32
78 47 65 48 17 10
57... 85 62 72 75 26 10
24 77 63 62 47 27 14
33....
93 57105 60 24 14
58... 88 63 72 45 15 1
25 60 53 57 52 30 9
34. ..
71 42 72 45 30 16
59... 79 29 74 30 21 6
26 64 47 89 79 12 10
35....
93 58 74 35 17 12
60... 60 45 87 57 23 7
61... 66 30 68 37 18 8
27.... 70 40 49 36 24 14
28.... 55 41 66 52 39 26
36....
37....
65 35 68 40 20 16
56 40 69 30 13 6
62... 57 28 63 46 17 6
29.... 60 58 43 31 26 20
38....
40 27 100 33 27 16
63... 107 79 99 53 38 21
30.... 96 87 68 39 33 20
39....
45 23 75 49 32 24
64... 79 38 47 29 28 10
31. ...106 94 31 31 31 16
40....
39 39 106 82 32 23
65.... 44 36 74 42 14 4
66.... 36 12 56 19 24 17
32. ...100 103 46 37 19 15
33.... 96 110 39 27 24 18
41....
42
54 45 87 56 31 10
44 36 66 55 — —
556
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Pet.
Sweitier. Thompson. Hoyne.
M. W. M. W. M. W.
.Pet.
Sweitzer. Thompson. Hojne.
M. W. M. W. M. W.
XXXIV.
43...
44...
45..
46...
.23 9 78 58 35 36
. 36 20 66 51 52 34
. 23 15 78 48 42 5'2
. 27 19 80 67 43 48
13...
14...
15....
16...
46 29 76 42 28 24
33 22 116 64 42 19
38 2(1 133 65 34 17
32 27 120 78 36 16
Sweitzer. Thompson. Hojn*
Pet. M W. M. W. M W
1....105 47 77 53 22* 8
2. ...115 65 68 35 27 15
47...
. 33 23 67 57 35 33
17...
42 29 134 89 42 27
3 71 38104 78 13 7
48...
49...
. 54 40 73 52 33 29
. 84 22 77 68 48 39
18....
19....
40 22 137 . 87 31 14
38 12113 63 27 12
4. ...117 84 44 16 27 14
5. ...102 75 39 23 18 10
. 46 41 68 49 43 27
. 59 57 56 45 46 38
• 20....
21...,
47 33 113 60 16 4
34 20124 95 33 15
6 89 63 47 24 60 16
7.... 78 33 49 25 26 10
52.'.'.'
53...
54...
65...
56...
8:::
59...
60...
61...
8:::
ff:::
. 47 39 96 54 55 37
. 34 29 37 23 46 53
. 22 17 79 55 53 36
. 39 28 91 57 54 69
. 32 24 84 51 54 51
. 35 30 96 70 27 14
. 75 54 85 94 54 28
.35 18 82 61 38 36
. 38 29 69 50 41 29
. 78 84 48 40 31 26
. 57 36 108 76 47 30
. 42 36 97 72 33 25
. 54 40 79 74 24 24
. 61 43 94 52 13 8
. 37 35 109 61 25 15
. 77 57 73 35 25 19
22....
23....
f~ 4 . . .• .
' 25...
- 26....
. 27..,.
28....
29....
30....
31....
32...
. 33....
34....
35....
, 36....
37....
25 11 114 36 28 9
31 16 128 85 26 8
35 19 134 86 27 14
28 17108 71 30 10
34 19 205 135 22 7
46 20 169 99 32 14
49 39 61 34 26 8
65 31 75 41 20 9
61 28 98 44 18
52 33 88 50 9 6
74 36 92 48 21 6
62 43 98 45 14 3
67 31 115 74 14 9
50 29 97 51 31 9
71 41 112 69 33 21
45 22123 48 23 9
8 79 48 55 24 29 11
9.... 77 36 79 38 26 (12
10.... 88 38 76 27 18 11
11.... 57 30 89 20 44 10
12.... 69 39 75 40 34 13
13.... 41 24 93 20 49 21
14.... 46 27 91 36 48 30
15.... 35 16 57 16 33 17
16.... 32 24 59 10 32 12
17.... 33 21 85 30 42 27
18.... 33 13 65 32 18 16
19.... 30 13 101 39 31 13
20.... 88 42 99 49 28 11
21.... 58 22 79 19 17 12
22.... 95 30 67 14 19 6
23.... 66 38 57 16 9 1
tyA ff-t Q.-I n/> A K r*f\ +*\
69.'.'.
70...
73'.'.'.
74...
76...
76...
77...
78...
79...
80...
81...
. 88 58 95 51 40 20
. 91 56 114 69 51 24
. 65 31 97 76 25 13
. 78 47 85 55 25 9
. 69 37 102 41 34 17
. 86 62 105 68 20 16
.100 63117 59 35 12
. 54 46 80 46 22 10
. 63 21 66 24 27 16
.115 80126 83 50 25
. 88 73 103 58 30 16
.102 92128 97 55 40
. 56 48 66 51 42 17
. 87 70 55 52 56 29
38....
39....
40....
41....
42....
43....
44....
45....
46....
47....
48....
49....
50....
51....
62 32 127 62 27 12
22 13 125 60 35 21
28 15107 68 39 28
36 17107 43 23 7
104 50 99 56 16 15
88 45 152 68 41 14
51 15 98 54 32 12
59 25 103 39 39 14-
102 41 66 27 52 22
77 24 83 30 17 7
53 16 51 1« 21 13
23 14 48 46 24 13
45 39 103 40 20 14
36 26 176 140 13 18
£*-*•« ol oil yo 45 29 10
25.... 41 15 83 25 30 5
26.... 28 16 44 17 26 14
27.... 50 0-2 04 42 15 10
28.... 26 13 60 29 26 11
29.... 31 19 49 18 17 6
30.... 25 14 58 28 25 5
31.... 53 28 75 30 35 13
32.... 34 17 63 23 22 7
33.... 36 14 58 32 23 10
34.... 44 34 62 16 18 9
35.... 80 49 64 33 19 12
36.... 63 45 66 33 20 7
il:::: n ti 11 II If *?
82...
. 71 50 50 30 24 10
52
110 54 166 90 29 12
QO »7n AQ KQ OA OO t *
li:::
li:::
87..
88..
89..
90..
91..
92..
93..
94..
li::-
97...
98...
99...
. 69 66 57 38 31 25
. 72 50 72 47 37 20
. 49 70 50 32 29 20
. 64 51 84 39 24 9
48 19120 62 23 7
50 20115 48 27 11
78 51 104 70 31 21
25 10 69 46 66 43
45 36 82 55 24 16
43 28 62 58 31 21
48 22 131 70 37 22
35 27 119 77 5 28
33 13132 90 18 19
31 26 58 57 52 34
40 18 86 52 34 45
47 21 90 63 25 15
62 40 108 64 27 13
53....
54....
55....
56....
57....
58....
59....
60....
61....
62....
63....
64....
65....
66....
67....
68....
69....
95 67 102 55 23 6
77 59 139 64 35 13
78 58119 77 29 16
55 27 127 73 36 13
33 19 92 51 23 14
55 33 113 57 32 22
36 25 87 67 35 20
26 15 130 69 23 6
44 19 142 84 29 15
53 26123 80 26 19
35 20 125 73 28 20
45 30 102 85 59 51
54 54 72 50 63 48
40 40 61 37 47 36
32 13 101 60 27 14
39 28 102 93 53 59
32 41 91 91 38 19
O3f.»«« /U Oo Oo OU 4iA
40.... 89 51 53 28 21 16
41.... 50 18 67 25 26 12
42.... 91 77 60 25 22 4
43.... 70 58 58 37 14 I
44.... 94 38 93 30 21 12
45.... 68 42 85 47 34 18
46. ...132 97 56 50 42 14
47.... 70 49 55 25 30 12
48.... 94 72 39 19 32 22
49.... 71 35 62 18 35 14
50.... 77 42 80 41 33 15
51.... 85 53 47 33 26 15
52.... 80 40 141 89 53 28
53. ...Ill 48117 47 28 4
54. ...107 68 56 20 22 10
55. ...104 51 35 30 23 7
56 43 28 109 68 15 6
100.
101..
102..
103..
104..
78 21 59 40 66 62
20 13 73 44 60 57
41 18 64 47 86 52
21 10 44 31 62 51
21 19 75 60 77 76
70....
71 ....
73'.!!
74....
34 39 82 52 29 32
32 21 86 79 33 26
38 36 117 75 29 23
27 14 125 94 27 25
41 40 95 70 29 17
57.... 82 48 62 40 25 14
58.... 41 22122 76 13 5
59. ...108 56 46 30 12 8
60.... 77 50 64 41 37 17
61.... 42 14 99 48 27 10
105..
•33 20 64 53 43 40
76....
57 39 107 79 19 21
62. ...109 66 48 31 43 20
106..
9 3150 87 20 12
76....
48 26148105 27 16
63.... 89 40 40 21 33 15
107..
21 15 62 40 45 31
77....
24 15 100 65 11 15
64. ...105 68 48 43 23 23
108..
22 5 37 27 8 5
78....
41 26 128 81 15 13
65.... 57 34 20 18 22 13
109..
18 9 64 47 58 61
79....
70 43 106 81 13 8
66.... 105 73 41 21 41 26
110..
12 4 51 38 58 60
80....
71 35 69 33 14 7
67.... 77 56 57 48 25 22
111..
14 11 23 18 14 14
81....
48 16 92 56 24 5
KS.... 79 52 52 33 37 23
112..
113..
67 52 99 62 24 17
68 33 101 78 49 28
82....
83....
96 12 75 63 31 26
88 102 82 72 33 28
69.... 71 40 61 37 29 16
70.... 78 52 34 25 28 18
1....
XXXIII.
56 26 94 80 30 17
84....
85....
86....
48 44 72. 45 31 22
62 60 80 61 41 27
48 47 71 57 37 31
71.... 91 30 22 19 35 23
72.... 108 33 41 25 94 44
73. ...118 57 53 19 27 18
2....
49 31 110 81 33 20
87....
30 18 93 61 53 54
74.... 51 11111 60 13 8
3
37 19119 77 17 21
88....
77 63 80 73 41 38
75.... 78 25127 63 25 10
4.. ..
35 201119 73 49 17
89....
60 70 08 31 44 23
76.... 48 8 96 48 24 6
fi....
60 39 127 96 32 18
90....
62 48 61 49 46 30
77. ...104 44 47 20 34 9
6. . ..
7....
8....
0....
10....
I!::::
47 31 70 49 28 18
33 22 107 58 36 18
40 31 117 72 14 14
55 24 135 64 32 27
44 29 133 104 37 23
37 26104 49 32 17
63 39 86 67 40 19
91....
92....
93....
94....
95....
96....
97....
53 60 80 95 29 36
47 38 77 71 35 40
47 25 122 66 21 9
59 41 76 22 35 10
30 26 62 37 17 7
26 21 125 71 34 13
48 32 102 53 16 8
XXXV.
1.... 44 36123 58 25 10
2.... 59 30 79 48 32 14
3.... 58 35 59 43 22 13
4.... 73 43 79 46 31 14
6.... 33 19101 66 29 10
6.... 40 29 82 34 22 12
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
857
8w«l
tier. Thou
p«on. He
n»«.
Sweitifr.
Thompson.
Flo
8w«itier. Thompson. Horn'1
Pet.
M.
W. M.
W. M.
W.
Pet.
M W.
M. W.
M.
W.
Pet
M W. M. W. M. W
.. 55
26 76
40 17
10
35...
45 21
142 93
26
14
63.
. 74 45 53 29 17 13
8'.'
.. 55
29 101
56 15
11
t
90 03
1U5 99
28
15
64.
. 85 71 53 40 23 9
9..
.. 40
16 98
49 14
6
37.'.'.
86 39
52 29
19
9
65.
.100100 56 36 9 11
10..
. . 70
34 85
55 15
3
38...
95 65
49 32
13
9
66.
.105 102 78 78 17 7
11..
.. 42
13101
46 14
4
39...
93 66
59 35
12
4
67.
.117 90 78 33 14 6
12..
.. 28
12 104
64 16
4
40...
77 56
74 42
36
23
68.
. 81 41 69 47 14 10
13..
.. 43
39 82
44 14
3
41...
151 165
65 49
27
20
69.
. 72 51 56 52 15 11
14..
.. 38
19118
63 19
9
42
73 94
41 30
26
21
70.
.133 94 49 35 15 11
15..
.. 36
14 101
50 18
11
43'.'.'.
119 116
69 52
27
18
71.
. 75 46 68 38 16 15
16..
.. 64
35111
59 25
19
44...
101 117
58 44
23
11
72.
.141 88 93 62 23 10
17..
. . 70
29 122
60 24
17
45...
91 101
49 47
13
4
73.
. 62 34 83 63 16 6
18..
.. 59
25 84
75 47
29
46...
115 93
75 55
35
19
74.
.106 75 85 60 16 13
19..
.. 62
36103
68 41
15
47...
103 80
85 57
29
40
75.
. 89 100 57 54 24 25
20..
.. 81
41 85
49 27
14
48...
77 65
59 52
23
18
76.
.143 129 42 48 15 9
21..
.. 67
40111
67 40
16
49...
90 63
71 48
28
17
77.
.145148 80 87 37 27
22..
.. 93
58 120
57 29
12
50...
89 57
71 65
25
14
78.
.124 108 50 53 26 16
23..
.109
86113
61 23
12
51...
70 75
47 45
22
10
79.
.110 67 126 73 28 10>
24..
. 84
54 91
44 20
7
52 ...
85 76
51 42
27
15
80.
.119 113 107 76 45 35
25..
.106
59 98
69 17
9
53...
90 58
40 37
26
10
81.
. 56 24 71 35 26 12
26..
..104
79 80
42 24
13
54...
86 80
41 40
28
15
82.
. 87 77 91 54 27 18
27..
. 63
51 127
89 30
16
55...
90 100
49 53
19
15
83.
.102 104 62 64 26 16
28..
29..
.107
. . 82
77 107
63 116
70 13
63 33
10
15
56...
57...
85 62
105 73
80 49
68 38
26
31
10
24
84.
85.
.131 155 87 72 20 11
.122 106 82 59 25 1O
30..
. 70
20 83
36 28
11
58...
94 60
64 49
25
21
86.
.156 134 112 70 35 25
31..
. 62
26123
76 19
5
59...
101 83
62 71
26
23
87.
.155153 92 71 42 33
32..
.. 52
23 116
42 26
8
60...
125 135
66 72
18
17
88.
.142 141 123 104 45 38
33..
. 72
31106
48 29
13
61...
71 68
61 43
21
10
89.
. 91 88 63 49 32 2O
34..
.. 84
51 102
51 25
14
62...
80 85
56 59
18
11
90.
.111 95 69 46 29 Ifc
VOTE FOR (
Nominees : James T. Igroe, democrat : Wal-
ter G. Davis, republican; Pierce L. Ander-
Dem.
Isroe. r
3ITY CLERK,
son. socialist; John
Kikulski. labor.
Rep. Soc.
avis. Anderson.
Orth, social labor; John
Soc. Lab. Labor.
Orth. Kikulski.
Ward.
Men.
Worn.
Men
. Worn.
Men. ^
tVom.
Men.
Worn
Men.
Worn
1
5187
1495
253C
837
128
35
20
6
258
51
2
2456
1226
8821;
, 4914
205
94
25
17
268
86
3
5403
3466
665J
4501
209
138
34
13
484
14f
4
3676
2288
155E
912
155
47
38
16
1287
54*
5
4492
2170
2776
\ 1702
201
61
34
22
1067
234
6
7121
4309
717:
4398
283
214
33
28
472
22f
7
7422
4456
866(
I 5572
449
301
44
50
875
24^
8
3831
1950
380C
2137
297
97
,39
13
1469
32fi
9
2958
1382
452J
2574
1835
686
73
30
713
iee
10
2561
1507
144^
763
408
225
40
44
296
in
11
2899
1519
183f
1064
342
130
39
24
776
23C
12
4386
2452
221£
1139
661
311
93
44
1059
382
13
7185
5253
490]
3251
535
233
63
36
827
2flf
14
4301
2570
434£
2687
294
132
36
13
886
27-5
15
3856
1697
4051
1989
1712
877
147
74
1496
43?
16
, 2974
1396
102£
502
145
77
37
13
100.0
2t5fi
17
°095
1014
114C
502
94
22
32
4
466
JPf
18
4709
1850
3166 1470
380
145
50
28
750
166
19
3014
1211
108C
404
164
51
16
6
197
3S
20
2264
1196
112C
596
176
64
18
5
188
64
21
5492
2468
3722
1788
420
139
66
19
664
13C
22
2514
1225
190^
819
639
224
78
32
415
84
23
4698
2563
6188
3875
782
398
80
45
936
282
24
4189
2266
349S
2069
887
361
98
59
931
24*
25
9559
6144
1055S
7024
489
366
70
67
685
277
6272
3110
847£
4582
1147
554
155
58
1606
485
27
7887
3015
99 0£
4925
1978
837
227
105
3128
911
28...
4046
1931
3826
2177
680
256
66
34
1534
478
29
5644
2635
4176 2231
632
263
78
41
2392
658
30
4089
°368
28°c
1889
135
57
30
Q
1097
268
31...
5568
3542
5555
4003
389
185
59
26
1198
302
32
7380
4387
10061
6360
581
37°
146
55
1436
413
33
5957
3308
10357
6089
1093
509
1°7
66
2063
610
34...
6579
2871
4771
2236
1533
580
153
82
1364
377
35.
9°47
6297
7031
4371
759
337
71
40
1385
391
Total 171911 02537
Grand total
264448
165690 96352 20817 9378 2410 1211 35675 10339
OROAXO 5*niQ£L 1R91 Aftfn A.
30195
3621
46014
VOTE FOR CITY TREASURER.
Nominees: Henry Stuckart. democrat; Wil- | socialist; Percy McGibbon, social labor; Knut
liam Ganschow, republican; Robert H. Hove, J G. Torkelson. labor.
Dem.
Stuckart.
Ward Men. Worn.
1 5238 1507
2 2550 1259
3 5773 3587
Rep. Soc. Soc. Lab. Labor.
Ganschow. Howe. McGibbon. Torkelson.
Men. Worn. Men. Worn. Men. Worn. Men. Worn
2463 839 119 36 16 6 259 48
8895 4818 196 96 23 10 282 85
6469 4434 206 148 50 20 611 15*
858
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Dem.
Rep.
Soc.
Soc. Lab.
Labor.
Stu
ckart.
Gan:
schow.
Ho
we.
McG
Gibbon
Tort
celson.
Ward.
Men.
Worn.
Men.
Worn
. Men.
Worn.
Men,
Wort
L. Men.
Worn.
4
4259
2640
1518
847
133
43
41
6
915
336
5
5122
2484
2568
1585
193
57
38
20
893
188
6
7538
4460
6791
4237
274
226
43
35
480
223
7...
7811
4612
8202
5344
435
329
65
52
913
282
S
4161
2057
3597
2099
297
112
36
11
1289
259
9
3362
1559
4065
2347
1787
660
81
25
703
141
10
2663
1561
1427
751
406
240
39
41
274
89
11
3102
1608
1851
1051
335
128
39
17
611
149
12
4606
2553
2296
1137
, 652
301
89
41
832
263
13
7007
5102
5197
3381
550
258
54
35
864
288
14
15
4257
3620
2581
1663
4526
4825
2785
2344
287
1638
148
866
32
159
17
70
878
1328
306
341
18
3022
1427
1235
534
151
75
31
11
741
192
17....
2225
1017
1281
527
94
35
36
11
361
18
4431
1782
3772
1618
372
174
80
28
725
17S
19...
2998
1214
1119
409
162
60
17
15
191
48
20....
2315
1218
1116
593
183
62
2°
180
63
21....
5460
2464
3821
1761
408
130
63
22
657
129
22
2631
1277
1910
844
622
218
50
28
400
82
23....
490'5
2810
6144
3882
729
392
62
39
966
286
24
25
4484
9713
2429
6238
3467
10590
2046
6882
799
424
344
369
76
86
18
891
685
SB
26
6739
3449
8370
4578
978
504
117
54
1612
485
27...
8287
10382
5040
1781
811
168
74
2848
804
28...
. 4037
1992
4108
2265
611
262
71
28
1413
423
29...
6606
2970
3865
2169
576
250
53
33
2084
507
30
4332
2501
2831
1840
126
60
40
13
955
233
si:::
.. . 6262
3752
4921
5130
9345
3803
60°8
349
512
179
355
45
136
32
42
1176
1453
319
434
32
8309
33
6052
3412
10586
6172
976
496
111
62
2162
648
34
6758
3027
4849
2232
1507
594
152
70
1313
324
35
8824
6113
7630
4551
695
311
57
46
1416
412
Total
179459
96468
166219
95773
1956^
9329
2278
1124
33260
9330
Grand total
275927
261992
28S92
3402
42590
VOTE FOR SUPERIOR COURT JUDGE.
Nomine**: John M.. CCConnor. democrat:
Henry A. Lewis, republican? Seymour Stedman,
socialist; William E. Rodriguez, labor.
Ward. Dem. Rep. Soc. Lab.
VOTE FOR MUNICIPAL COURT JUDGE.
Nominees: Francis Borelli, democrat; George
B. Holmes. rep"Mio->n: ^"muel Block, socialist:
Morris N. Friedland. labor.
Ward. Dem. Rep. Soc. Lab.
1 5115 2648 215 333
5
6
I
10
|!§
6021 0410 299 484
371$ 1540 209 1011
4331 2774 266 965
6180 7789 452 408
6602 S081 692 826
3769 3?736 451 1349
2805 4021 2353 717
2467 1437 475 275
2913" 1766 403 675
4245 2221 791 839
6817 4997 721 936
2
3
4
5
6
7
8....
9
10
11
12
13
2269 9011 417 470
4603 7635 424 746
3798 1660 287 1089
4516 2802 358 1093
5020 9434 552 770
5894 10580 687 1150
3600 4095 537 1542
2945 4548 2227 928
2469 1436 614 405
3012 1980 513 762
4254 2445 (1060 1116
6836 5353 88° 1138
|:E
ji
19
11
22
11:::::::
26
29
30
31
4166 4156 363 930
3574 3916 1956 1849
3017 1035 194 821
2129 1150 118 416
4387 3110 494 796
2952 922 207 193
2166 1133 209 201
546Q 3718 513 703
2370 1862 764 413
4395 6163 1034 1041
3983 3448 1129 929
8694 10937 721 738
5580 8457 1530 1831
7155 9735 2682 3181
3821 3863 887 1531
, 5383 4278 805 2207
4007 2839 190 1021
5335. 5629 536 1229
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
If-
24
n
27
1!
30
31
4342 4344 467 1039
3743 4085 2373 1773
3081 1«123 282 870
2604 1047 1191 504
4928 3644 660 1008
3786 803 229 213
2263 1001 267 262
4836 4515 674 860
2620 1926 886 516
3969 7047 1146 (1104
3984 3661 1337 1131
6876 13403 832 973
5047 9477 1753 2037
6746 11055 2998 3220
3657 4095 1024 1605
5948 4370 965 2361
4213 2930 278 1085
53°5 5835 632 1512
§2
3
34
35
Cicero
Total ..
6531 10627 838 1668
5263 10467 1419 2117
6175 4855 1907 1368
8779 7173 983 1528
689 2938 721 297
162388 169312 27684 36065
32
33
Total ..
....... 6586 11122 941 1920
4900 11183 1810 2489
6083 5095 2273 1813
8549 7665 1260 1805
158417 183048 32051 41629
VOTE FOR ALDERMEN.
Ward. Men. Women. Tot. | Ward. Men. Women. Tot,
1. Michael Kenna. Dem.. ..5.323 1.53<3 6.861 Louis B. Anderson. Rep.. 9. 354 5.376 14.730
John J. Kennedy. Ind... 416 83 499 3. Geo. F. ITiff, Dem 5.036 3.448 8.484
2. A. L. Davidson. Dem.. ..2.582 1.288 3.870 ) John H. Passmore. Rep. 6,404 4.466 10,870
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
859
19
05
Ward. Men.
Isadore Gordon. Soc ...... 181
Joe Winkler, Lab ........ 31
O. T. Reilly. Ind .......... 1.423
4. Tim'thy A. Hogran. Dem.3.573
Charles M. Conlon. Rep.. 1.962
Joseph Mendriski, Lab... 1,466
5. J. B. McDonough. Dem. 4.285
Henry Langosch. Rep ..... 3.665
F. G. Wellman,. Soc ...... 182
B. H. Hansen. Lab ........ 911
6. Full term:
A. A. McCormick. Rep... 9,892
Bernard Berlyn. Soc ...... 385
To fill vacancy :
Harry N. Strouss, Dem... 4,565
Charles C. Eaton. Rep ---- 9,282
Frederick Hack. Soc ...... 309
7. M. V. Minnehan. Dem... 5. 184
Wm. R. Fetzer, Rep ..... 11,158
W. E. Landow. Soc ....... 495
8. R. A. Woodhull. Dem... 5. 181
Frank C. Hill. Rep ....... 3.113
Val Korsak, Soc .......... 179
Theo. J. Vind. Lab ....... 1,552
9. John J. Leonard. Dem.. 2,799
Guy Madderom. Rep ..... 3,709
Charles V. Johnson. Soc. .3,51
H. C. Diehl. Lab
10. Frank Klaus. Dem ..... 2.388
Charles C. Foucek, Rep. 2,096
Alex J. Gilman, Soc ..... 426
11. E. F. Cullerton, Dem. 3,471
Arthur Bross. Soc ........ 405
Wm. J. Riordan. Lab ..... 811
12. Anton J. Cermak, Dem.4,464
Frank Trafil. Rep ........ 2,994
Carl G. Hofmann, Soc.... 626
Joseph Trainer. Ind ....... 313
13. Thomas J. Ahern. Dem.5,538
Samuel O. Shaffer. Rep... 7. 163
John Will. Soc ....... .... 524
14. Geo. M. Maypole,_ Dem.4,608
Edward J. Lyons. Rep... 4.366
H. W. Harris, Soc ........ 298
Charles Dold. Lab ........ 944
15. E. J. Kaindl, Dem. ...4,533
Louis B. Dessler. Rep ____ 3.989
Edward E. Klein. Soc. ...1.931
Chester A. Sample, Lab.. 1,392
16. Stanley H. Kunz. Dem.3.315
Theo. J. H. Gorsky. Rep. 1,149
Theo. S. Smith. Lab ..... 894
17. S. Adamkiewicz, Dem.. 2, 054
Paul E. Sowinski, Rep... 1,580
Z. P. Girsztownt. Soc. . . 86
Henry Aniclewski. Lab... 426
18. John J. Touhy. Dem.. 6. 094
Morton S. Thomas, Rep.. 3,083
Robert C. Densmore, Soc. 361
Frank Meister. Lab ....... 671
19. John Powers. Dem ..... 3.229
John Schneider. Rep ..... 960
Frank A. Pellegrino. Soc. 287
20. Henry L. Fick. Dem... 2. 013
William Melody. Rep ..... 1,535
Edwin H. Wieman. Soc... 188
Phillip Roy. Lab ......... 238
21. Dorsey Crowe. Dem ---- 5,956
R. H. McCormick, Rep.. 4.011
Geo. E. Schmidt. Soc ..... 434
John Welch. Lab ......... 671
22. R. L. Schapp. Dem.... 2. 256
Math Hibbeler, Rep.. .'...2,419
Andrew Lafin. Soc ....... 766
Frank PalzkiU. Lab... 360
23. T. O. Wallace. Rep.... 7.429
Chas Krumbein. Soc ..... 1,073
John A. Durkin. Lab.... 1.560
24. Frank J. Roeder. Dem. 4, 026
James Donw>y. Rep ....... 4.269
Women
131
17
1,094
2.313
1.180
652
2.186
2,119
77
203
. Tot:
312
48
2,517
5.886
3.142
2,118
6.471
5.784
259
1,114
6,286 16.178
233 618
2.622
5.824
185
3,227
7.396
336
2.855
1.988
87
379
1,393
2,304
1.471
144
1.445
1,243
235
1,971
127
214
2.760
1,606
302
101
4,468
4.681
271
2,834
2.850
161
322
2.139
1.988
930
396
1,656
569
219
1,054
676
27
128
2.582
1,558
159
141
1.282
390
85
1.131
752
81
84
2.779
2,276
131
119
1.193
1,052
2/5
96
5.008
530
54O
2.329
2.620
7,187
15.106
494
8.411
18.554
831
8.036
5,101
266
1.931
4,192
6.013
4.990
742
3.833
3,339
661
5,442
532
1,025
7.224
4,600
928
414
10,006
11,844
795
7.442
7.216
6,672
5.977
2.861
1.788
4.971
1.710
1.113
3,108
2.256
113
554
8,676
4,641
4.511
1.350
372
3,144
2,287
269
322
8.735
6,287
565
690
3.449
3,471
1,041
466
12.437
1.603
2.100
6.355
6.889
Ward. Men.
A. W. Harrack. Soc 1.140
E. A. Naber, Lab 56
25. L. D. Wallace. Jr.. Dem. 8. 8:9
Henry D. Capitain. Rep. 11,472
Benjamin Cossman. Soc.. 489
Edward N. Nockeis. Lab. 788
26. Thos. R. Caspars, Dem. 5. 692
William F. Lipps, Rep. ..8, 646
James Marshall, Soc.... 1,326
Timothy F. Neary. Lab.. 2.406
27. A. S. Beaudette, Dem.. 8.402
Ed. R. Armitage, Rep... 9. 019
George Koop. Soc 2.830
Ida L. M. Fursman. Lab.3,595
28. C. F. Smith. Dem 5.122
Arthur T. Gutgesell. Rep.3.552
Kail F. M. Sandbarg. Soc.
N. Thomas Polston, Lab.l.
29. J. F. Kovarik. Dem... 5.547
J. Gblombiewski. Rep 4,329
Jos. A. Ambroz. Soc 822
•Martin P. Murphy. Lab. .2.942
John H. Hanseh, Ind..i..
30. Thos. J. O'Grady. Dem.3,505
John Burns, Rep 3,967
Aa on Henry. Soc Ii9
Patrick J. Griffin. Lab... 1.239
31. James A. Long. Dem.5,457
Scott M. Hogan, Rep 5,770
B. O. Bees?, Soc 344
Martin Nelson. Lab 1.342
32. Chilton P. Nilson. Dem.5.929
Albert J. Fisher. Rep... il. 263
Joseph W. Morris, Soc... 752
Walter Shogren, Lab.... 1,858
33. L. P. Young. Dem 5.300
John P. Garner, Rep. .. .11.433
Frank Guynn, Soc 1.134
Robert Buck, Soc-Lab.... 448
34. J. O. Kostner. Dem.... 7,312
Jacob James Fink. Rep.. .5. 565
Morris Seskind, Soc 1.682
35. John S. Clark, Dem. ...9,901
Charles Jahnke, Rep 7,0'
John Fuchs. Soc 7
Conrad A. Lund. Lab
Women. Tot.
461 1,601
32 88
5 569 14.39d
8,029 19,501
3«9 b78
346 1.134
2.985 8677
5,183 13,829
618 1,944
905 3.3J.1
3.619 12.021
4.529 13,548
1,077 3,907
3,889
4,250
179
364
3.684
7.374
426
553
3.834
6,238
448
225
3,534
2.693
656
6,785
4,397
353
57
9,346
10.020
523
1.706
9,613
18.637
1,178
2,411
9.134
17.671
1.582
673
10,846
8.258
2,338
16,686
11.445
1.092
129
VOTE ON PROPOSITIONS. APRIL 1, 1910.
Shall Chicago become anti-saloon or dry
territory?
Yes. No.
Men .. 70,165 276,817
Women .. .. 77,014 129.373
Total 147.179 406.190
Shall bonds in the sum of 81,200.000 lor
the construction of a viaduct from Canal
street to WaJbaeh avenue on 12th street
(Roosevelt road) be issued by the city of
Chicago?
Men 214?57 148°585
Women 148.585 69,601
Total 362,842 218.180
Shall bonds in the sum of 89,500.000 be
issued by the city of Chicago for the purpose
of paying1 judgments against the city?
Tee. No.
Men 169,887 158.873
Women 73.519 70.043
Total 243,406 228.916
Proposed issue of 8600.000 gold bonds of
Cook county for new poorhouse building's.
City— Men . ....145^34
Women
Towns— Men
Women —
83,734
8.455
2,112
No.
156.937
50,760
8.433
3.210
Total 240,135 219.340
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
CHICAGO AND COOK COUN1
VOTE FOB SUPERIOR COUBT JUDGE.
(To fill vacancy.)
Nominees: John M. O'Connor, Dem.; Wil-
liam F. Struckmann, Bep.; Samuel Block,
Soc.; M. N. Friedland, Lab.
O'Con- Struck- Fried-
Ward, nor. mann. Block. land.
1... 4.305 1,131 108 64
Y ELECTION NOV. 4, 1919.
Ward. Busch. Rush. Holland. Teevan.
28 1.730 2.009 691 333
29 2 519 2 035 595 501
30 2431 1267 150 220
31 2.721 2688 391 317
32 3 179 5 607 654 401
33 2 932 6 034 1 230 598
34 3.447 2868 1334 328
35 4 625 3 817 852 519
2... 1.201 3,678 219 117
3.. 2,384 2,898 238 106
Cicero 658 1 119 368 140
4 1 885 733 160 174
Total 82.013 91,779 18,949 9,533
Towns 3.689 10.499 1,238 638
5... 2,251 1,311 262 270
6... 3,436 3,932 328 149
7 3 510 3 961 414 249
Gr. total. 85,682 102.278 20,187 10,171
VOTE ON CHICAGO PROPOSITIONS.
Western avenue improvement bonds to the
amount of $2,400,000. For. Ag-ainst.
Men 138.806 55.112
8... 1,648 1,826 325 559
9... 1.665 2,229 1,019 323
10 1 650 835 365 90
11 1,702 1,095 386 184
12 2,252 1,194 737 343
14... 2,623 1.892 352 261
Women 28,824 9,035
15 2.063 2.103 1,352 392
Total 167.630 64.147
17... 1,199 683 124 77
18 3,405 1,405 360 187
Og-den avenue improvement bonds to the
amount of $5,400,000. For. Against.
Men 133 647 65 029
19 1 766 601 1°4 64
20 ... 1 701 1 157 140 65
Women 22284 8954
21 3,372 2.192 342 160
22.. 1 343 873 436 122
Total 155 931 63 983
23 2557 3343 653 257
South Water street improvement bonds to the
amount of $3,800,000. For. Ag-ainst.
Men 133611 53378
24... 1,771 1,711 751 289
25 4.872 5,067 462 179
26 3,131 4,332 1,062 395
27 3.738 4,692 1,588 699
28 1.956 1,915 719 335
Women 27,309 8.484
Total . 160 920 61 862
29 2.833 1.880 609 494
30. 2 702 1 207 164 210
Robey street improvement bonds to the amount
of $9,200,000. For. Against.
Men 129 994 66 261
31 3.022 2,523 401 308
32 3,812 5,139 658 391
Women 26,431 8.866
34 4.012 2.523 1,418 358
Total 156 425 64 127
35 6,215 3,453 871 500
Cicero 739 1,116 363 138
Ashland avenue improvement bonds to the
amount of $5,800,000. For. Ag-ainst.
Men 129499 54059
Total 94.807 82,967 19.477 9,541
Towns 4,991 9.589 1.238 651
Women 26.117 8.671
Gr. total. 99,798 92.550 20.715 10.192
VOTE FOB CIRCUIT COURT JUDGE.
(To fill vacancy.)
Nominees: Francis X. Busch. Dem.; Georg-e
F. Rush, Rep.; Samuel Holland. Soc.; John C.
Teevan, Lab.
Ward. Busch. Rush. Holland. Teevan.
1 4 179 1 202 92 64
Total ... . 155616 62730
Michig-an avenue improvement bonds to the
amount of $2.000,000. For. Ag-ainst.
Men 131,851 49,922
Women 26 346 8 118
Total 158,197 58,040
Nonpartisan election of aldermen.
For. Ag-ainst.
Men 99 260 74 160
2 996 3.840 209 93
3 1,874 3.359 235 109
Women 18.599 11.856
4 1,710 790 154 130
Total 117,859 86.016
6 2,303 5.014 286 131
Bedistricting- the city into fifty wards, the
election of one alderman from each ward and
the election of city clerk and city treasurer
for four-year terms. For. Ag-ainst.
Men 81.585 89.119
7 2,607 4.750 381 241
8 1 467 1 919 312 548
9 . 1 419 2 400 1 001 310
10 1 482 9°5 *341 90
11 l',544 1,157 367 188
Women 16,212 13,975
12 2,082 1,304 722 352
13 3 578 2 506 486 2r>4
Total 97,797 103,094
14. .. 2337 2070 342 281
For two or four-year term for aldermen.
2 years. 4 years.
Men 125 173 39 976
15 1.889 2173 1442 388
16. . 1 251 596 °06 174
17 1.113 692 1°0 7Q
Women 24415 8.241
18 3.932 1,719 359 197
19 1665 667 112 63
Total ... . 149 588 48,216
20.. 2.087 729 135 60
21 2594 2826 353 164
VOTE ON COOK COUNTY PBOPOSITIONS.
Cook county road bonds to the amount of
$5.000,000. For. Ag-ainst.
Men . . 125,916 63.849
22 1.234 920 4^5
23 2,059 3.679 656 251
24 1,701 1.739 738 291
25 3.741 6,081 470 171
26 2 696 4 683 1 037 371
Women 22158 10.621
Total . . 148.074 74,470
27 3.172 6.214 1^548 723
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
861
Detention home bonds to the amount of
$1,000,000.
For. Against.
Men . , 92,676 70,875
Women 10,546 11,312
Total 109,222
82,187
VOTE ON STATE PUBLIC POLICY
QUESTIONS.
(Cook county.)
Instructing: members of the constitutional con-
vention to submit a proposal for the initia-
tive and referendum. For. Agrainst.
Men 129,372 64,533
Women 19,274 13,734
Total 148,646
78,267
Instructing- members of constitutional conven-
tion to submit the proposal for the initiative
and referendum for a separate vote so that
if approved it shall take effect as a part of
the constitution.
For. Ag-ainst.
Men 126,211 61,376
Women 18,474 13,271
Total 144,685 74,647
For public ownership of income producing
utilities outside ol constitutional debt limita-
tions.
For. Ag-ainst.
Men 129.405 63,849
Women 19,679 12,352
Total 149,084
71,275
ILLINOIS ELECTION NOV. 4, 1919.
VOTES FOR DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.
Two to be elected from each senatorial district.
Dist. | Dist
1. Franklin A. Denison. Rep 2,853
Walter H. Wilson. Rep.* 4,435
Levy Mayer, Dem.* 4,998
2. John J. Gorman, Rep 2,694
Frederick W. Bruder, Rep 1.684
Michael F. Sullivan, Dem.* 3,085
Anthony D' Andrea, Dem.'
Harry E. Greenwood. Soc.
Arthur E. Smith, Soc. ..
William J. Riordan, Lab...
Bert Murphy. Lab.
2,860
644
611
281
270
3. Edward H. Morris," Rep.*.!;.. '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 4.165
•Archibald J. Carey,- Rep.* 4,064
Matthew D. Hartigan. Dem 2,836
James A. Gorman. Dem 2,854
Joseph DeBarberri. Soc 379
Charles Hallbeck, Soc 369
William J. Martin, Lab 189
4. Emil O. Kowalski, Rep 2.527
William C. Smith, Rep 2.386
John E. Traeger. Dem.* 5,150
George P. Latchford, Dem.* 4,650
Otto Rhein, Lab 520
Max Wegener. Lab 526
5. Abel Davis, Rep.* 10,231
Morton D. Hull. Rep.* 9,369
William J. Lindsay. Dem.
4.405
William P. Casey. Dem 3,425
Fred W. Hack, Soc 652
Barney Berlyn, Soc 648
6. Rufus C. Dawes, Rep.*..... 9.746
George A. Dupuy, Rep.* 9,304
Joseph E. Flanagan, Dem 5,466
Joseph H. Stanger, Dem 5,405
Victor Koehler, Soc 2.513
Christian Meier, Soc 2,487
Albert Stewart. Lab 434
7. Frederic R. DeYoung, Rep.* 6,404
Amos C. Miller, Rep.* 6.356
A. E. Bauland, Dem 2,385
Charles Mergin. Soc 921
1 Paul Matz. Soc 934
John Stevens, Lab 1.471
8. Frank S. Whitman, Hep.* 4,891
Elam L. Clarke, Rep.* 5.056
J. E. Barber, Dem 1,695
Frank Gilroy. Dem 1,165
Frank Wagner, Soc 1,115
Gust Hausdowsky. Soc 1,041
9. David E. Shanahan. Rep.* 3,503
Charles J. Michal, Dem.* 4.549
10. Bruce H. Garrett. Rep.* 4.514
James Nichols. Rep.* 4,295
Oscar H. Ogren, Soc 603
C. Henry Bloom. Soc 526
William A. Lewis, Lab 1.374
Roy Stacy, Lab 1.309
11. Percival G. Baldwin. Rep.* 8,660
William H. Cruden. Rep.* 8,306
Michael K. Sheridan. Dem 7.555
Frank J. Walsh, Dem 6.508
Henry Gronier, Soc 1.250
B. O. Beese, Soc 1.208
Benjamin F. Ferris, Lab 796
R. T. Ryan. Lab 1.034
12. Harry H. Stahl, Rep."
2,780
Arthur M. Smith, Rep.* 2.809
John L. Dickson. Dem 1,066
Robert Bruce Mitchell, Dem 816
13. Douglas Sutherland. Rep.* 7.259
Oscar Wolff. Rep.* 7,448
John J. Poulton, Dem 4,312
Emery M. Shaw, Dem 4.175
Harry H. Wilson, Soc 1,644
Joseph Gageski, Soc 1,524
O. H. Blevans. Lab 1,149
14. Lee Mighell. Rep.* 7,380
Rodney H. Brandon, Rep.* 7,170
Thomas G. McCabe, Lab 4.162
Charles A. Townsend. Lab 5,115
R. Waite Joslyn, Ind 1,391
15. Ernest Kunde. Rep.* 3,208
Otto F. Ring, Rep 1,519
Dennis A. Koran, Dem 2,192
S. E. Pincus. Dem.* 2,634
Edwin H. Wieman, Soc 369
16. Charles H. Ireland, Rep.*...,
.. 3.038
H. E. Torrance. Rep.* 2,798
Z. F. Yost, Dem 1,264
Magoon Barnes, Dem 1,372
17. Anthony Pintozzi, Jr., Rep 1,597
Charles Heehler. Rep 1,257
Thomas F. Frole. Dem.* 1,952
Michael larussi, Dem.* 1,752
18. Hiram E. Todd, Rep.* 2,681
Frank J. Quinn, Dem.* 2,614
John E. Dempsey, Dem 1,490
19. William E. Burns. Rep 9.077
Harry A. Siegel. Rep 7.349
Martin J. O'Brien. Dem.* 11,321
Michael Rosenberg, Dem.* 10,623
Mordecai Shulman. Soc 2,696
Henry E. Wickwire, Soc 3,571
H. R. Krewnow, Lab 499
20. Edward C. Curtis. Rep.* 7,139
A. F. Goodyear, Rep.* 7,161
Frank I. Mann. Nonp 4,868
J. W. Rausch. Nonp 4,526
21. George F. Lohman, Rep.* 5.543
Charles S. Cutting. Rep.* 5.077
John F. Higgins, Dem 4,458
James F. Hardy, Dem 4,701
Harry W. Harris, Soc 683
Thomas L. Slater. Soc 634
22. E. B. Coolley, Rep.* 6,471
William Stewart. Rep.* 5,990
J. W. Sheperd. Dem 2,412
James Dwyer. Dem 1,859
Percy Molyneaux, Lab 2,713
John H. Walker, Lab 2,923
862
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Dist.
23. William Ganschow, Rep.* 7,370
Charles Woodward, Rep.* 6.621
Thomas D. Garry. Dem 4,027
Richard F. Shay, Dem 4.054
James A. Meisinger. Soc 2.324
Knud Larsen. Soc 2.351
24. Henry I. Green, Rep.* 4,712
Henry M. Dunlap, Rep.* 4,774
Francis E. Williamson. Dem 2.362
Ray D. Meeker, Dem 1.760
25. M. A. Michaelson. Rep.* 11,520
Willard M. McEwen. Rep.* 11.126
William E. Nichols, Dem 7.244
Michael Dominowski, Dem 6.469
Carl Strober. Soc 3.791
Karl F. M. Sandberg, Soc 3,810
W. Thomas Polston. Lab 1.260
Frank B. Link, Lab 1.264
26. Joseph W. Fifer, Rep.* 5,124
Thomas C. Kerrick. Rep.* 5,020
Frank Gillespie, Dem 1,17
John L. Alexander, Dem 1,072
David Deane, Ind 839
27. Joseph Parker. Rep 913
Frank Wengierski. Rep 1,413
Edward J. Corcoran, Dem.* 3,160
Ernest D. Potts. Dem.* 3,032
28. Andrew H. Mills. Rep.* 4.238
Charles B. T. Moore. Rep.* 4.130
Robert I. Hunt. Dem 2.265
Charles Peebles. Soc 730
W. R. Sinclair. Soc 679
29. Alexander H. Revell. Rep.* 2.655
Charles H. Hamill, Rep.* 2,666
Edmond J. Mulcahy. Dem 2,230
Edward Stenson. Dem 2,137
30. Guy L. Shaw. Rep.* 4,290
Lewis A. Jarman, Rep.* 4.008
James M. Rahn. Dem 3.163
Arthur A. Leeper. Dem 2,869
Charles H. Schaeffer, Lab 797
31. William H. Beckman. Rep.* 9,141
Eugene H. Dupee. Rep.* 8,576
William C. Burns, Dem 4,487
Donald L. Morrill. Dem 4,654
Robert Norberg. Soc 1,350
John Vogel. Soc 1,404
Robert Emmet Burke, Ind 2.452
32. David E. Mack. Rep.* 4.619
Philip E. Elting, Rep.* 4.556
Judd Hartzell, Dem 1,754
33. Oscar E. Carlstrom. Rep.* 6,846
Cyrus E. Deitz. Rep.* 5,141
William R. Moore, Dem 1,464
Lewis K. England, Soc 863
Bert Strayer. Soc 799
Charles J. Searle, Ind 3,222
34. Charles A. Shuey, Rep.* 3.495
William T. Hollenbeck. Rep.* 3,567
Isaac B. Craig-, Dem 2.210
35. Alvin Warren. Rep.* 3.441
Edward H. Brewster. Rep.* 3,526
John P. Devine, Dem 832
Henry S. Dixon. Dem 826
36. Perry C. Ellis. Rep 3,349
William S. Gray, Rep.* 3.995
John E. Wall. Dem 3.024
Rollo S. Barry. Dem.* 3,827
John J. Wagner. Lab 0..207
Henry Distelhorst, Lab 1,196
37. Lawrence C. Johnson. Rep.* 3.806
Watts A. Johnson. Rep.* 3,754
Benjamin Downs, Dem 1.386
F. W. Morrassy. Dem 1,870
Roy Hall, Soc 735
John Beck, Soc 688
38. John L. Dryer. Rep.* 3.588
Thomas Rinaker, Rep.* 3.585
Robert C. Moore, Dem 2,461
Walter J. Chapman, Dem 2.463
Robert Kelly, Lab 2.017
39. Charles E. Woodward. Rep.* 5.201
William M. Scanlan. Rep.* 5,161
James J. Conway, Dem 3,102
Dist.
Bernard J. Shanley. Dem. . .. 2.392
40. Leslie J. Taylor. Rep 5 °69
William H. Chew. Rep.*..!...'.. .. 5J417
F. R. Dove. Dem.* 5632
John E. Hog-an. Dem o'l28
41. Georg-e A. Barr. Rep.* 5*969
Edward Corlett. Rep.* 5*620
Charles L. Schwartz. Dem ',S49
George C. Ottens. Lab 5,458
William H. Donaldson. Lab 5.500
42. J. Mack Tanner, Rep.* 4870
John A. Thomas, Rep 3*831
A B. Lager, Dem 4.339
Edg-ar E. Fyke, Dem.* 5044
43. Georg-e G. Gale. Rep.* 3064
A. E. Taff. Rep.* 2892
J. J. Welsh. Dem 1503
C. H. Hippler, Dem 1,408
John C. Sjodin. Soc 602
44. S. W. McGuire. Rep.* mm '.'. 4877
Henry W. Meinert, Rep.* 4829
Arthur E. Crisler, Dem 2740
Kent E. Keller. Dem 2480
45. Clinton L. Conkling-. Rep.* 5847
.James H. Paddock, Rep.* 5.274
A. D. Stevens, Dem 4243
William H. Nelms. Dem 3123
William J. McDonald, Lab 2,663
46. James P. Jack, Rep.* 4131
G Gale Gilbert, Rep.* 4*001
Albert E. Isley. Dem .. 3093
Rudolph F. Powers, Dem 3*24"
47. John J. Brenholt, Rep.* 4,'663
Cicero J. Lindly, Rep.* 3571
John F. Eck, Dem 1,792
Earl Galloway, Lab 1,036
48. Sylvester J. Gee, Rep.* 3190
Prince A. Pearce. Dem.* 3208
49. William E. Trautmann, Rep.* 2126
Herbert F. Lill. Rep.* 1966
Walton M. Vandeventer, Dem 1,336
Charles A. Karch, Dem 1,084
Charles W. Sebastin. Lab 1,636
William Thomas, Lab 1635
50. William A. Wall, Rep.*... .' .' 6*093
William J. Sneed, Rep.* 6,697
William W. Warder. Dem 2 726
51. George W. Hog-an, Rep.* 4,226
Georg-e D. Parker, Rep.* 3,872
D. J. Underwood. Dem 1,338
Solomon Aydt. Dem 1,079
Giflord Ernest, Lab 2334
* Elected. t
STATE VOTE ON PUBLIC POLICY
QUESTIONS.
Initiative and Referendum.
That on petition of 100,000 persons any
proposed amendment to the constitution may
be brought to popular vote and be enacted by
majority vote; that on petition of 50.000
electors any legislative act may be suspended
by a majority of those voting1.
For 257,640
Against 209,348
GATEWAY AMENDMENT.
That the initiative and referendum proposi-
tion be submitted separately from the main
draft of the constitution to apply to the new
constituti9n if adopted or to the present con-
stitution if new constitution is defeated.
For 242,519
Against 205,306
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP.
That cities and other political subdivisions
shall be free and able, if the people BO elect,
to acquire public utilities, the bonds issued
herefor to be a lien on the utilities and not
on the people.
For 267,753
Against 197,135
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
863
POPULAR VOTE OF ILLINOIS (1880-1918).
Year. Office. Prog. Rep.
1880 — President 318.037
18S2 — Treasure! J 250,722
1884— President 337,469
1886— Treasurei 276,680
1888— President 370,475
1890— Treasurer 321.991
1892— President 399,288
1894 — Treasurei 455,788
1896— President 607,130
1898— Treasurei ,. 448.940
1900— President 597,985
1902— Treasurer 450,695
1904— President 632,645
1906 — Treasurer 417,544
1908— President 629,932
1910— Treasurer 436.484
1912— President 386,478 253.593
1914— Treasurer 95,427 418,336
1916— President 1,152,549
1918— Treasurer
Note— In the above table the total vote in-
cludes the scattering vote for minor party
candidates. The vote in the people's party
column prior to 1890 is that cast for the green-
Dem.
277.321
244.585
312,351
240,664
348,371
331,929
Pro.
440
11,130
12,074
19,766
21,703
22,236
Peo.
26,338
15,511
10,776
34,821
7,134
Soc.
426,281
321.551
464.523
405,490
503,061
360,925
327.606
271 984
25 ,,871
19.460
9,796
11J53
17.626
18,434
34,770
89 293
22.207
60,067
1,090
7,886
1,141 1
1,521 5
6,725 '
. i
iii«
4.51"
1.06C
8.39J
3.92C
5 862
450,810
376,046
405,048
274,554
950,229
364,235
29,364
20,013
15,710
7,469
26.074
3,116
633 3
4
6
:
4,711
9,68^
35,34
15,54
3.882
4,24'
Total.
622. $06
521,948
672,670
572,986
747,681
677,133
873,647
858,651
1,090,76*
878,577
1,131,897
859,975
1,076,499
1,155,254
882,230
1,146,17$
841,335
2.192,734
910,683
back party and In 1888 for the labor party.
The socialist vote as given includes that of the
social labor and social democratic parties.
VOTE FOR ILLINOIS GOT-
ERNORS. 1880-1916.
1880.
Shelby M. Cullom, Rep... 314,565
Lyman Trumbull. Dem.. .277,532
A. J. Streeter. Greenback 28,898
1884.
Richard J. Oglesby, Rep. 334,234
Carter H. Harrison, Sr., D.319,635
Jesse Harper, Peo ......... 8,605
James B. Hobbs. Pro ...... 10.905
1888.
Joseph W. Fifer, Rep ---- 367.860
John M. Palmer, Dem ..... 355,313
David H. Harts. Pro ..... 18.874
Willis W. Jones. U. L... 6.394
18Q2
John P. Altgeld, 'Dem.... 425,558
Joseph W. Fifer, Rep.. ..402,686
Robert R. Link. Pro ...... 24,808
Nathan Barnett. Peo ...... 20,108
1896.
John R. Tanner, Rep ..... 587,637
John P. Altgeld. Dem.... 474,256
George W. Gere. Pro ..... 14,559"
Wm. S. Forman, Gold D.. 8,102
C. A. Baustin, Soc. Lab. 985
J. W. Higgs, Nat ......... 723
1900.
Richard Yates, Rep ....... 580,199
Samuel Alschuler, Dem... 518,966
V. V. Barnes, Pro ........ 15,643
Herman C. Perry, Soc. D. 8,611
L. P. Hoffman, Soc. Lab. 1.319
A. C. Van Tine, Peo ...... 1,106
L. G. Spencer, U. R ...... 650
John Cordingly. U. C ..... 334
1904.
Charles S. Deneen, Rep.. 634,029
Lawrence B. Stringer, D.. 334.880
John Collins, Soc .......... 59,062
Robert H. Patton, Pro... 35,440
Philip Veal, Soc. Lab.
4,379
James Hogan, Peo ........ 4,364
A. G. Specht, Continental 780
1908.
Charles S. Deneen, Rep.. 550,076
Adlai E. Stevenson, D... 526,912
Daniel R. Sheen, Pro ..... 33,922
James H. Brower. Soc.... 31.293
Gustav A. Jennings, Soc.L. 1.526
George W.McCaskrin. Ind. 10,883
1912.
Edward F. Dunne, Dem.. 443,120
Charles S. Deneen, Rep.. 318,469
Edward R. Worrell, Pro.. 15,231
Tohn C. Kennedy, Soc.... 78,679
John M. Francis, Soc.Lab. 3,980
Frank H. Funk, Prog 303,401
1916.
Frank O. Lowden, Rep.. 696,535
Edward F. Dunne, Dem. 556,654
Seymour Stedman, Soc... 52,316
John F. Francis, Soc. -Lab. 1,739
John R. Golden, Pro 15,309
VOTE FOR STATE TREASUR-
ERS, 1880-1918.
Minor candidates omitted.
1880.
Edward Rutz, Rep 317,872
Thos. Butterworth, Dem. 276,670
J. W. Evans. Greenback. 26,658
1882.
John C. Smith. Rep 250,722
Alfred Orendorff, Dem 244,585
Daniel McLaughlin. Gbk. 15,511
John G. Irwln, Pro 11,130
1884.
Jacob Gross, Rep 338,171
Alfred Orendorff, Dem.. ..313,400
B. W. Goodnue, Peo 10.451
Uriah Copp, Pro 11,119
1886.
John R. Tanner. Rep 276,680
Henry F. J. Ricker, Dem.240,864
H. W. Austin, Pro
19,766
John Budlong, Un. Lab... 34,701
1888.
Charles Becker, Rep 369,881
Francis A.Hoffman.Jr., D. 348,834
John W. Hart, Pro 21,174
Nathan Barnett, Un. Lab. 7,491
1890.
Edwin S. Wilson, Dem.. .331,837
Franz Amberg, Rep 321,990
R. R. Link, Pro 22,306
1892.
Rufus N. Ramsay. Dem.. 425,855
Henry L. Hertz, Rep 396,318
Thos. S. Marshall, Pro... 26,426
John W. McElroy, Peo.... 21,579
1894.
Henry Wulflf, Rep 455,886
B. J. Claggett, Dem 322.459
John Randolph. Peo 59.793
H. J. Puterbaugh, Pro 19,487
1896.
Henry L. Hertz, Rep «0*,0iu
Edw. C. Pace. Dem.-Peo. 473,043
E. K. Hayes, Pro 11,849
Edward Ridgeley, Gold D. 8,411
1898.
Floyd K.Whittemore,Rep.448,940
Millard F. Dunlan. Dem..405.4SO
John W. Hess. Pop 7,891
Wm. H. Boies. Pro 11.792
1900.
Moses O.Williamson, Rep. 582,002
Millard F. Dunlap, Dem.. 508,720
Henry C. Tunison, Pro... 16,618
Jacob Winnen. Soc. Dem. 8,881
1902.
Fred A. Busse, Rep 450,685
George Duddleston, Dem. .360,925
Chas. H. Tuesburg. Pro.. 18.434
A. W. Nelson, Soc 20,167
Gottlieb Renner. Soc. Lab. 8,235
1904.
Len Small, Rep 610.3W
Chas. B. Thomas. Dem... 353.232
J. Ross Hanna, Pro 35,664
E. S. Tebbetts. Soc 62.848
1906.
John P. Smulski, Rep.... 417.544
Nicholas L. Piotrowski,D.271,984
William P. Allin, Pro.... 89,292
Wilson E. McDermut.Soc. 42,005
1908.
Andrew Russel, Rep 619,698
John B. Mount. Dem 449,978
Albert S. Spalding. Pro... 31.037
William Bross Lloyd. Soc. 33,707
1910.
Edward E. Mitchell, Rep. .436,484
Alpbeus K. Hartley. Dem. 376.046
Lorenzo J. Kendall, Pro.. 20,013
O. T. Fraenkel. Soc 49,687
1912.
William Ryan. Jr., Dem.. 402,292
..321,577
..310.265
.. 84,031
.. 15,385
Andrew Russel, Rep...
Philip Decker, Prog...
L. F. Haemer, Soc
Frank B. Vennum, Pro
1914.
Andrew Russel, Rep...
W. C. Clifford, Dem...
Louis G. Pavey, Prog.
William Acker, Soc
.418,336
.274,554
. 95,427
.. 43,154
Gustaf Larson, Soc. -Lab. . 2,395
L. A. Chamberlain. Pro.. 7,469
1916.
Len Small, Rep 678.404
Arthur W. Charles. Dem.. 566,919
Bert W. Newton. Soc 50,324
Jonathan Seaman. Pro 9.396
Ignatz Friedman, Soc. -Lab. 1,767
1918.
Fred E. Sterling, Rep.. ..506,038
Jas. J. Brady, Dem 364,235
R. L. Harvey, Soc 34,247
O. L. Dayton, Pro 3,116
S. J. French. Soc. -Lab.. 3,047
864:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
MAYORALTY ELECTIONS IN CHICAGO SINCE 1871.
Nov. 7. 1871.
Joseph Medill. Rep....... U.1B
Chas. C. P. Holden. Dem. 5.988
Nov. 4. 1873.
H. D. Colvin, Peo. Party. 28.791
L. L. Bond. Law and Order 18.640
July 12. 1876.
Monroe Heath. Rep
April 3. 1877.
Monroe Heatb. Rep
Perry H. Smith. Dem..
April 1, 1879.
19.248
30.881
19.449
Ernst
O H. Harrison, Sr., Dem. 35,668
John M. Clark. Rep 27,925
Timothy O'Mara. Ind 764
George 'Schilling. Soc 240
C. H. Harrison, Sr., Dem. 41.225
Eugene Gary. Rep 30,963
O. H. Harrison. Sr., D*em. 43,352
Sidney Smith. Rep 42,977
William H. Bush, Pro... 221
April 5. 1887. . _
*-*
57.340
45.328
410
DeWltt C. Cregier. Dem..
John A. Roche. Rep .......
Ira J. Mason. Pro .........
Charles Orchardson. Soc..
April 7. 1891. '
Hempst'd Washburne.Rep. 46.957
DeWitt C. Cregier, Dem.. 46,588
C H Harrison. Sr.Jnd.D. 42,931
Eimer Washburn, Citizens' 24,027
Thomas J. Morgan, Soc.. 2,376
April 4, 1893.
C. H. Harrison, Sr.. Dem.114,237
S. W. Allerton, Rep 93,148
DeW. C. Cregier, Un. Cit. 3,933
J. Ehrenprels, Soc. Lab.. 1,000
Dec. 19, 1893.
Special election to fill vacancy
caused by assassination of Car-
ter H. Harrison, Sr.
John P Hopkins, Dem.... 112, 959
George 'B. Swift, Rep 111,669
Michael Britzius, Soc 2.064
Ebenezer Wakeley, Pop... 535
April 2, 1895.
George B. Swift, Rep 143,884
Frank Wenter. Dem 103,125
Bayard Holmes, Peo 12,882
Arthur J. Bassett, Pro... 994
Ebenezer Wakeley.Peo.Sil. 302
April 6, 1897.
C H. Harrison, Jr., Dem.l48,8«0
John M. Harlan, Ind.Rep. 69,730
Nathaniel C. Sears, Rep. 59,512
Wash. Hesing. Ind. Dem. 15,427
John Glambock, Soc. Lab. 1,230
H. L. Parmelee, Pro 910
J. Irving Pearce, Jr., Ind. 561
Frank H. Collier.Ind.Dem. 110
April 4, 1899.
C. H. Harrison, Jr., Dem.148,496
Zina R. Carter. Rep 107,437
John P. Altgeld. M. O.... 47,169
John A. Wadhams, Pro... 1.023
August Klenkie, Soc. Lab. 1.175
T. G. Kerwin. Soc. Dem.. 367
April 2. 1901.
C. H. Harrison, Jr., Dem.156,756
Elbridge Hanecy, Rep.... 128, 413
Avery E. Hoyt. Pro 3.328
Gus Hoyt, Soc. Dem 2,043
John R. Pepin, Soc. Lab.. 679
Thomas Rhodes. Sin. Tax 1.028
John Collins. Soc 5.384
April 7. 1903.
C. H Harrison. Jr.. Dem. 146,208
Graeme Stewart, Rep 138.548
Thomas L. Haines, Pro... 2,674
Charles L. Breckon, Soc.. 11.124
Daniel L. Cruice. Ind. Lab. 9.947
Henry Sale. Soc. Lab 1.014
April 4. 1905.
Edward F. Dunne, Dem... 163, 189
John M. Harlan, Rep 138,548
Oliver W. Stewart, Pro... 3,294
John Collins, Soc 23,034
April 2. 1907.
Fred A. Busse, Rep 164.702
Edward F. Dunne, Dem.. 151.779
W. A. Brubaker. Pro 6,020
George Koop, Soc 13.429
April 4, 1911.
Carter H. Harrison. Dem. 177. 997
Charles E. Merriam, Rep. 160, 672
W. A. Brubaker, Pro 2,239
W. E. Rodriguez, Soc 24,825
Anthony Prince, Soc. Lab. 1,058
April 6, 1915.
W. H. Thompson, Rep. ..398,538
Robert M. Sweitzer, Dem. 251.061
Seymour Stedman, Soc 24,452
John Hill. Pro....
3,974
COOK COUNTY VOTE FOR SHERIFF AND STATE'S
1900— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
Charles S. Deneen, Rep. 205,709
Julius Goldzier, Dem 179,696
Walter Hawk, Pro 5,236
C. H Becker. Peo 153
Thos. J. Morgan, Soc. Dem. 6,227
1902— FOR SHERIFF.
Thomas E. Barrett. Dem.141,822
Daniel D. Healy, Rep.... 135, 036
Joseph P. Tracy, Pro 4.840
Henry Sale, Soc. Lab 5,973
James P. Larson. Soc 13,134
Thos. Donegan. Single Tax. 908
1904— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
John J. Healy. Rep 206,487
George A. Trude. Dem 132,811
M. C. Harper, Pro 5.630
Seymour Stedman, Soc 39,736
Henry Sale. Soc. Lab.... 2,547
L. A. Shaw. Peo 1.468
1906— FOR SHERIFF.
Christopher Strassheim,R.131,608
Harry R. Gibbons. Dem.. 93.83fi
S. A. Wilson, Pro 3,745
James P. Larson, Soc... 26,055
Jas. J. Gray, Ind. League 49,296
John Fitzpatrick, Prog.Al. 1.400
1908-FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
John E. W. Wayman, Rep.197,805
Jacob J. Kern, Dem 146,133
William Street, Pro 45,528
Seymour Stedman. Soc.... 17.471
Charles H. Mitchell. Ind. 9.279
1910— FOR SHERIFF. .
Michael Zimmer. Dem 165,445
Frank A. Vogler. Rep. . ..145,598
O. F. Sorber, Pro 5.038
Wm.Van Bodegravp«, Soc. 27.588
April 1. 1919.
W. H. Thompson, Rep... 259. 828
Robt. M. Sweitzer, Dem.238,206
Maclay Hoyne, Ind 110,851
John M. Collins. Soc 24,079
Ad'ph S. Carm, Soc. -Lab. 1,848
John Fitzpatrick, Lab.... 65,990
ATTORNEY ( 1900-1916) .
1912— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
Maclay Hoyne, Dem 122.419
Lewis Rinaker, Rep 113.181
Wm. A. Cunnea, Soc 107.647
Geo. I. Haight. Prog 93,495
John H. Hill, Pro 2,896
1914— FOR SHERIFF.
John E. Traeger, Dem 166.335
Geo. K. Schmidt, Rep 112,502
Frederick S. Oliver, Prog.. 50,117
B. McMahon, Soc 23,319
G. W. Hoover, Pro 1.229
1916— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
Maclay Hoyne, Dem 236,384
Harry B. Miller. Rep.. .191,456
William A. Cunnea. Soc. 102,579
1918— FOR SHERIFF.
C. W. Peters, Rep 177,912
A. J. Cermak, Dem 174,829
Adolph Dreifuss, Soc.... 19,572
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE FROM 1884 TO
1884. Chicago. Cook Co.
James G. Elaine. Rep 51.420 69,251
Grover Cleveland, Dem 48.530 60.609
B. F Butler. Greenback 540 810
John P. St. John. Pro 484 997
1888.
Benjamin Harrison, Rep 60.102 85.307
Grover Cleveland. Dem 63.TO6 84.491
Clinton B. Fisk, Pro 1.308 2.577
Alson J. Streeter. Union Labor... 255 303
R. H. Cowdrey, United Labor.. 126 149
1892.
Grover Cleveland. Dem 136.474 144.604
Benjamin Harrison. Rep 100.849 111.254
James B. Weaver. Peo 1.506 1.614
John Bid well. Pro 3.029 3.858
1916 IN CHICAGO AND COOK COUNTY.
1896. Chicag-o. Cook Co.
William McKinley, Rep 200.747 221.823
William J. Bryan. Dem 144.736
Joshua Levering, Pro 1.849
Charles E. Bentley. Nat 141
Charles H. Matchett, Soc. Lab... 712
John M. Palmer. Gold Dem 2.300
1900.
William McKinley. Rep 184.786
William J. Bryan. Dem 177,165
John G. Woolley, Pro 2.977
Whnrton Barker. Peo 185
Eugene V. Debs. Soc. Dem 6.553
Joseph P. Malloney. Soc. Lab.... 410
Seth W. Ellis. Union Reform 145
J. F. R. Leonard, United Chr... 130
151.910
2.149
163
727
2.600
203.760
186.193
3.490
211
6.752
434
160
134
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 192O.
865
1904. Chicago. Cook Co.
Theodore Roosevelt. Rep 208.689 229.878
Alton B. Parker. Dem 98.765 103.762
Silas C. Swallow. Pro 4.652 5.290
Eugene V. Debs. Soc 45.929 47.743
C. H. Corregan. Soc. Lab 2.556 2.660
Thomas E. Watson. Peo 3.155 8323
Austin Holcomb, Cont 288 319
1908.
William H. Taft. Rep 205.830 230.400
William J. Bryan. Dem 143.544 152.990
Eugene Chafln. Pro 4.982 5.965
Eugene V. Debs. Soc 17.712 18.842
Thomas L. Hisgen. Ind 5.633 5.994
Daniel B. Turney. U. Clir 169 178
August Gillhaus. Soc. Lab 616 649
Chicagro. Cook Co.
Thomas E. Watson. Peo 40 75
1912.
Theodore Roosevelt. Prog 144.392 166.061
Woodrow Wilson. Dem 120209 130702
William H. Taft. Rep 67.859 741851
Eugene V. Debs. Soc 49.959 52.659
Eugene Chafln. Pro 2.403 2737
Arthur E. Reimer. Soc. Lab 2.171 2.300
191G.
Charles E. Hughes. Rep 377.201 435.695
Woodrow Wilson. Dem 351,175 379,438
Allan L. Benson. Soc 28.727 32,471
J. Frank Hanly. Pro 1,597 2,309
Arthur E. Reimer, Soc.-Lab 907 1,050
EXECUTIONS IN COOK COUNTY.
John Stone July 10,
William Jackson June 19.
Albert Staub April 20.
Michael McNamee May 6.
Walter Fleming Dec. 15.
Jerry Corbett Dec. 15.
George Driver March 14,
Chris Rafferty Feb. '27,
George Sherry June 21.
Jeremiah Connolly June 21,
James Tracey Sept. 15.
Isaac Jacobsen Sept. 19,
Ig-nazio Sylvestri Nov. 14,
Agostino Gilardo Nov. 14,
Giovanni Azzaro Nov. 14,
Frank Mulkowski March 26,
Albert Parsons Nov. 11,
August Spies Nov. 11,
George Engel Nov. 11,
Adolph Fischer Nov. 11,
Zephyr Davis (col.) May 12,
George H. Painter Jan. 26,
Thomas ("Buff") Higgins March 23,
Patrick E. J. Prendergast July 13.
Harry ("Butch") Lyons Oct. 11,
Henry Foster (col.) Jan. 24,
Alfred C. Fields (col.) May 15,
Joseph Wimlrath June 5,
Julius Manow Oct. 30,
Daniel McCarthy Feb. 19,
John Lattimore (col.) May 28,
William T. Powers (col.) Mpy 28.
Chris Merry April
John Drugrgan Oct.
22.
14.
14.
George H. Jacks Oct.
Robert Howard (col.) Feb. 17.
August A. Becker Nov. 10.
Michael E. Rollinger Nov. 17,
George Dolinski Oct. 11.
1840
1857
1858
1859
1865
1865
1873
1874
1878
1878
1882
1884
1885
1885
1885
1886
1887
1887
1887
1887
1888
1894
1894
1894
1895
1896
1896
1806
1896
1897
1897
1897
1898
1898
1898
1899
1899
1899
1901
Louis G. Toombs Aug. 8, 1902
Louis Pesant April 15. 1904
Peter Niedemeyer April 22, 1904
Gustav Marx April 22, 1904
Harvey Van Dine April 22. 1904
Frank Lewandowski Sept. 30. 1904
John Johnson Jan. 20. 1905
Robert E. Newcomb Feb. 16 1906
John Miller Feb. 16] 1906
Johann Hoch Feb. 23. 1906
Richard G. Ivens June 22, 1906
Daniel Francis (col.) Oct. 12. 1906
Richard Walton (col.) Dec. 13. 1907
William Johnson (col.) Oct. 22, 1909
Ewald Shiblawski Feb. 16. 1912
Frank Shiblawski Feb. 16, 1912
Philip Sommerling Feb. 16. 1912
Thomas Schultz Feb. 16. 1912
Thomas Jennings (col.) Feb. 16, 1912
Roswell C. F. Smith Feb. 13, 1915
Edward Wheed Feb. 15. 1918
Harry Lindrum Feb. 15. 1918
John Anderson July 19. 1918
Lloyd Bopp Dec. 6, 1918
Albert Anderson Feb. 28, 1919
Earl Dear June 27, 1919
Thomas Fitzgerald Oct. 17, 1919
J9hn Stone was executed publicly on the
prairie on the south side. William Jackson
and Albert Staub were also executed publicly
but on the west side. After that executions
were private and took place in the courthouse
until 1878. since which time they have
taken place in the county jail on the north
side. Rafferty was hanged in Waukegan for
murder in Chicago. All the executions have
been on Fridays except those of Sylvestri.
Gilardo. Azzaro. Zephyr Davis and Smith,
which occurred on Saturdays.
No. Name.
1. Jonathan N. Bailey 1831
2. John S. C. Coates 1832
3. Sydney Abell. 1837
4. William Stuart 1841
5. Hart L. Stewart 1845
6. Richard L. Wilson 1849
7. George W. Dole 1850
8. Isaac Cook 1853
9. William Price 1857
10. Isaac Cook 1858
11. John L. Rcripns 1861
12. Samuel Hoard 1865
13. Thomas O. Osbome 1866
14. Robert A. Gillmore 1866
POSTMASTERS
Appointed. Died.
1850
1868
1863
1878
1883
1 856
I860
1886
1885
1886
1866
1881
1904
1867
OF
No.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
oo
23'.
24.
25.
26.
27.
CHICAGO.
Name. Appointed. Died.
Francis T. Sherman 1867 1905
Francis A. Eastman 1869 1918
John McArthur 1872 1906
Francis W. Palmer 1877 1907
Solomon C. Judd 1885 1895
Walt. C. Newberry 1888 1912
James A. Sexton 1889 1899
Washington Hesing 1893 1897
Charles U. Gordon 1897
F. E. Coyne 1901
Fred A. Busse 1905 1914
Daniel A. Campbell ...1907
William B. Carlile... ...1917
LONG AIRSHIP VOYAGE.
Starting from a station on the Firth of
Forth. Scotland, at 3:45 p. m.. Sunday,
March 16. 1919, the British nonrisrid airship
US-11 made a nonstop trip of 1.285 miles in
40 hours 30 minutes. The voyage, which
was a world's record up to that time for that
type of craft, took the form of a circuit of
the Coasts of Denmark.
Helgoland. North Germany and Holland. The
weather was unfavorable throughout the trip,
which terminated at 8:15 a. m.. Tuesday. The
flight was particularly noteworthy in that it
was carried out entirely over the sea.
866
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
COOK COUNTY OFFICIALS.
Uai.y .
C. W. PETERS
Sheriff.
PETERTE?NBERG,
President County Board.
M. SWEITZKR
County Clerk.
Barrett Photo
JOSEPH F. HAAS
Recorder.
Root Studios.
MACLAY HOYNE,
State's Attorney.
.Morrison Plioto.
E. J. TOBIN,
mtv Snnt. Schools.
JAMES T. BURNS
County Judge.
FhoTo' Copyright 191 8. MoffettStudlo,Chic«go Mattene Photo. Cooer '^
WILLIAM R. PARKER. HENRY HORNER. CHARLES H. SERGEL, P. M. HOFFMAN.
Clerk Criminal Court. Judge Probate Court. Pres. Sanitary District. _ Coroner.
' ' ~ ^"'""
EDW. R. LITSINGEB. P. A. NASH
Board of Review. Board of Hevip
./alinger Photo.
O. V. BARRETT,
Board of Review.
Bill 4
m /-
M. K. SHERIDAN, GEORGE K. SCHMIDT. ADAM WOLF,
Board of Assessors. Board of Assessors. Board of Assessors.
Walineer Photo.
CHAS. KRUTCKOFF.
Board of Assessors.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
807
COOK COUNTY OFFICIALS.
Hours 9 a.
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS.
Room 537 county building.
President— Peter Reinberg-, D., 523 courthouse
Clerk of County Board— Robert M. Sweitzer,
D.. 600 county building.
Commissioners. City Districts— Peter Reinberg
D.; Charles N. Goodnow, R.; Robert W.
McKinlay, D.; Frank J. Wilson D • Em-
mett Whealan., D.; Joseph M. Fitzgerald
D.; Bartley Burg, D.; Albert Nowak, D.;
Daniel Ryan. D.; John Budinger. D. Coun-
try districts— William Busse R.; Joseph
Carolan. R.; Dudley D. Pierson. R.; George
A. Miller. R.; William H. Maclean, R. Room
537 county building.
Committee Clerk— Peter J. Ellert, 537 county
building-.
Meeting's— The regrular meeting's of the board
of commissioners are held on the first
Monday of December, January, February,
March, June and September of each year.
Duties — The commissioners are charged with
the management of the county affairs of
Cook county, aa provided by law. having
the same powers as the boards of super-
visors in other counties. They make all
appropriations and contracts and authorize
all expenditures. The president appoints,
with the approval of the board, the super-
intendent of public service and other offi-
cers and employes whose election or ap-
pointment is not otherwise provided for
by law.
COUNTY CLERK'S OFFICE.
County building1, second floor, south end.
Clerk— Robert M. Sweitzer. D.
Chief Deputy— John H. Mack.
Chief Clerk— William T. O'Brien
Chief Bookkeeper— John P. Keevers.
Cashier— J. S. Mayer.
Chief Tax Extensions— Martin J. O'Brien.
Chief Election Department — John D Hayes
Duties— The county clerk is also clerk of the
County court, clerk of the county board and
ex officio comptroller of county financial
affairs. As county clerk he issues all mar-
riage licenses, hunting-, tavern and other
licenses, keeps records of births and deaths,
assists at tax sales and makes redemptions
from same: receives all tax levies and com-
putes county, state and all city, village,
district and other municipal taxes. As
clerk of County court he keeps a record
of insane, pauper, support, feeble minded,
inheritance tax and other cases. Nearly
all special assessment cases are recorded in
this office. As comptroller he disburses all
salaries and all other county funds and has
charge of all deeds, mortgages, contracts,
bonds, notes and similar papers belonging
to the county, settles all accounts, keens
books showing appropriations and expendi-
tures, makes out report for fiscal year and
submits estimates for the expenses of all the
departments of the county organization.
CLERK OF COUNTY COURT.
Room 600 county building.
Clerk— Robert M. Sweitzer. D.
Chief Clerk— George L. McConnell.
COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE.
Room 511 county building.
Comptroller— Robert M. Sweitzer, D.
Deputy Comptroller— William J. Graham.
Chief Clerk— Michael J. O'Connor.
Duties— See county clerk.
COUNTY TREASURER'S OFFICE.
County building. 1st and 2d floors, north end.
County Treasurer— Harry Gibbons, D.
Duties— The county treasurer receives and dis-
m. to 5 p. m.
burses, pursuant to law, all the revenues and
other public moneys belonging to the coun-
ty. He or his assistant countersigns county
orders and renders accounts to the board of
commissioners.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE.
Room 519 county building.
Superintendent— Henry A. Zender.
Chief Clerk— F. H. Chambers.
Duties— Purchases all supplies for the county
institutions, advertising for bids at specified
times and entering into yearly or quarterly
contracts and making tests from time to
time of the articles furnished to determine
if they are up to contract requirements.
Has supervision of all maintenance and re-
habilitation of county buildings. Represents
owners on all new construction work; ad-
vertises for bids and handles all plane and
specifications.
STATE'S ATTORNEY'S OFFICE.
Criminal court building, second floor, and SOT
county building.
State's Attorney— Maclay Hoyne. D.
First Assistant— Michael F. Sullivan.
Assistant (county attorney) — Edwin H. Raber.
Grand Jury Assistant— William H. Duval.
Assistants — Marvin E. Barnhart. John Prystal-
ski. Dwight McKay, James C. O'Brien.
Grover C. Niemeyer, Daniel G. Ramsay, John
W. Beckwith. Ota P. Lightfoot. Nicholas
Michels. Edward A. Prindiville. Ernst
Buehler. Walter T. Stanton. Nellie Carlin.
George C. Bliss. John P. Moran. Edward E.
Wilson. Joseph P. Ryan, John E. Foster,
John M. Lowery, James R. Considine.
Augustus Kelly. John Owen, Henry Eckhardt.
George Emmicke, Robert E. Hogan, Mal-
colm B. Sterrett. J. J. Viterna, Robert P.
Rollo. James E. McShane, Michael L.
Rosinia. James C. Dooley. Joseph A. SmejkaU
W. W. DeArmond. Eugene P. Quirke. Joel C.
Carlson. Robert W. Daniels. Martin Korski,
Jacob M. Arvey. Irwin N. Walker. Lloyd
David Heth. William Scott Stewart, John F.
Cashen, John C. Melaniphy, Harold P.
O'Connell. Thomas F. Reilly, Samuel A.
Bristow. Max Daniels, James F. Lyons.
George P. Foster, Jr.. Meyer Kauffman.
Michael Kaveney. Samuel A. Bristow, Avern
B. Scolnik. Frank Souhrada.
Duties of State's Attorney— To begin and prose-
cute, in courts of record in his county, all
criminal and civil actions in which the peo-
ple of the state or county may be concerned:
to prosecute or defend (as the case may be)
all civil actions brought by or against hie
county or any county officer in his official
capacity, and all suits which it may become
necessary to prosecute or defend to enforce
the collection of taxes: to give his opinion
to county officers and justices of the peace
upon questions of law relating to matters
in which the people are concerned.
RECORDER'S OFFICE.
County building, first floor, south end.
Recorder of Deeds— Joseph F. Haas, E.
Chief Deputy— Harry E. Hoff.
Chief Clerk— Theodore R. Steinert.
Duties — The recorder is the keeper of the rec-
ords, and upon the filing of any instrument
in writing in hig office entitled to be re-
corded he must spread the same on the
record books provided for that purpose in
the order of the time of filing. He is also
the official abstract maker for Cook county.
REGISTRAR OF TITLES.
County building, 1st floor, south end.
Registrar of Titles— Joseph F. Haas, R.
SOS
ALMANAC AND' YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.-
Chief Deputy— Harry E. Hoff.
Chief Examiner of Titles— J. Scott Matthews.
Examiners of Titles— Biake C. Smith, Eugene
Stewart, Bazel W. Veirs, Charles S. Frank.
Examiner's Assistant— John A. Senne.
Chief Clerk— Emil J. Heine.
Duties— The registrar of titles is the respon-
sible administrative head in Cook county of
the system of land title registration, com-
monly known as the Torrens system, where-
by the title to land is registered and the
people of Cook county guarantee that the
title as registered is correct, thus doing
away with the necessity of an abstract of
title and affording a simple, inexpensive and
speedy means for transfer of title to real
property.
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION.
Room 547 county building.
Commissioners — Harry A. Lipsky, president;
Ralph L. Peck, secretary; James M. Whelan.
Assistant Secretary— Walter F. Gallas.
Department Inspector— William F. Foehringer.
Duties — The commissioners examine applicants
for positions in the county service. Before
an examination is held fourteen days' notice
is given by advertisement. The rules are
practically the same as those governing other
bodies of the kind.
JURY COMMISSION.
Room 824 county building.
Commissioners— Bernard J. Mullaney, president;
Charles W. Seinwerth, secretary; Joseph H.
Barnett.
Clerk— Martin Peterson.
Duties — The commissioners are required to pre-
pare a list of electors qualified to act as
jurors, to select names from such list and
place them in a jury box and a grand jury
box. and to be present when the names of
jurors needed at each term of court are
drawn.
BOARD OF ASSESSORS.
County building-, third floor, north end.
Members of the Board— Michael K. Sheridan,
D.; William H. Weber. R.; Adam Wolf. R.;
George K. Schmidt. R.; Charles Krutckoff, R.
Chief Clerk— Charles Krutckoff.
Duties— Fix the amount of assessment on all
real and personal property according to the
rate required by law.
BOARD OF REVIEW.
County building, third floor, south end.
Members of Board— Edward Litsinger, R.; P.
A. Nash, D.; Charles V. Barrett.
Chief Clerk— Stephen D. Griffin.
Duties— The board of review takes the place of
the old town board in revising and correcting
the findings of the assessors and in hearing
and adjusting- complaints of property owners.
Decisions of the board of review are final.
COUNTY INSTITUTIONS.
In Oak Forest.
Superintendent— Henry L. Bailey. D.
Duties — Has general management of infirmary
or poorhouse, poor farm and tuberculosis
hospital.
COUNTY ARCHITECT.
123 West Madison street.
County Architect— Eric E. Hall.
Duties— The county architect makes designs for
new buildings, alterations in old ones, etc.,
as required by the county board. (Paid in
fees.)
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
Room 506 county building.
Superintendent— Edward J. Tobin. D.
Duties— He is required to visit each school in
his district at least once a year, to see that
the teachers are qualified for the pe.form-
ance of their duties and to do all in his?
power to increase the efficiency and elevate
the standards of the schools.
BUREAU OF SOCIAL SERVICE OF COOK
COUNTY.
Room 1130 county building.
Superintendent — Miss Katherine Meade (attend-
Duties-^-Obtain support for dependents from rel-
atives legally liable for their care and main-
tenance; investigate all cases of boys be-
tween ages of 17 and 21 years held in Crimi-
nal court pending trial and present report to
trial judge; investigate insane cases heaid in
County court; investigate all health cases in
Cook county outside of city of Chicago, espe-
cially emphasizing tuberculosis.
COUNTY HOSPITAL.
Harrison and Honore streets.
Warden— Michael Zimmer, D.
Duties— Exercises general supervision over the
county hospital.
COUNTY AGENT'S OFFICE.
Main office, 213-215 South Peoria street;
branch offices. 1736 West North avenue. 837
West 47th street, 8800 Houston avenue, 229
West North avenue. 3466 Archer avenue.
1655 Blue Island avenue. 2701 West Roose-
velt road, 221 East 115th street.
County Agent — William H. Ehemann, D.
Duties — The county agent is responsible to the
president and board of county commissioners
in the carrying out of the plans for the re-
lief of the poor in the county of Cook. He
issues monthly rations to poor families found
eligible under the law. and provides shoes to
needy school children. He furnishes monthly
rations to poor families of veteran soldiers,
sailors or marines who have served in the
rebellion and Spanish-American war. He un-
dertakes the return of nonresidents and alien
paupers to their legal place of residence and
the extradition of fathers who have deserted
their families when found and warrant is
issued for their arrest. He keeps a record
of and passes on all medical and institutional
cases admitted to the county hospital, the
Oak Forest infirmary and the Oak Forest
tuberculosis hospital. He furnishes medical
services to the needy poor in their homes,
through the medium of county physician*.
He is the medium whereby blind, deaf and
dumb children are sent to the state school
at Jacksonville. He investigates all cases
recommended for mothers' pensions and su-
pervises the payment of same. He investi-
gates all applications for pensions for the
blind and reports on eligibility 9f applicants
to the county board and supervises payment
of the pensions. He authorizes the payment
of burial expenses of deceased indigent or
friendless soldiers, sailors or marines and all
contagious cases of the poor. He interests
himself in any wrong existing or being per-
petrated on families of poor to which his
attention is called. He discovers and re-
ports cases of nonsupport by husbands or rel-
atives, desertion, contribution to delinquency
or dependency of children to the variout
courts having jurisdiction.
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
Room 726 county building.
County Surveyor — Harry Emerson. R. \
Duties-^Makes official surveys of either public
or private property in the county. (Paid in
fees.)
COUNTY PHYSICIAN.
Office in Cook County psychopathic hospital.
Polk and Wood streets.
Duties— The county physician is the superin-
tendent and psychiatrist in chief of the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Cook County psychopathic hospital. He su-
pervises the medical treatment of the pa-
tients in the institution. He also acts as an
adviser to the County court in trials lor the
insane.
CORONER'S OFFICE.
Room 500 county buildingr.
Coroner— Peter M. Hoffman. R.
Chief Deputy— David R. Jones.
General Clerk— Otto Rexses.
Deputy Coroners — S. L. Davis. Charles Fitzner,
C. F. Kennedy. Peter Seese. M. G. Walsh, J.
J. Dedrick, Adolph Herrmann, B. J. Evans,
John Thumm, George Williston. George A.
Webster, George Clark.
Physicians— William H. Burraeister. H. G. W.
Reinhardt. E. R. LeCount. Joseph Springer.
Edward Hatton, James P. Simonds.
Chemist— Dr. William D. MoNally.
Assistant Chemist — J. E. Newcomb, P. L. Has-
brouck.
Reporters— E. E. Wenger. W. C. Yunker. C. E.
Gilman. David T. Richie, Claude Van Fleet.
W. P. Scanlon. E. L. Drummond. Charles F.
Hager. E. J. M-almberg.
SHERIFF'S OFFICE.
County building, 4th floor, center.
Sheriff— Charles W. Peters. R.
Chief Deputy— H. C. W. Laubenheimer. R.
Jailer— William T. Davies, R.
Duties— The sheriff seives and returns all writs,
warrants, processes, orders and decrees legal-
ly directed to him. He is the conservator of
peace in his county and may arrest offend-
ers on view. He is the keeper of the jail
and has the custody of prisoners. It is also
hit> duty to attend the courts of record of the
county and obey their orders.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR.
1412 Otis building.
Appointed by governor.
Administrator— Gordon A. Ramsay.
Attorney — Ward B. Sawyer.
Duties— The public administrator is appointed
by the governor to administer the estates of
deceased persons under certain conting ncies
regulated by the statutes of the state of Illi-
1 CUSTODIAN COUNTY BUILDING.
Room. 1026 county building.
Custodian— Albert F. Peters.
DIRECTORY OF COUNTY DEPARTMENTS AND COURTS.
LOCATION OF COUNTY BUILDINGS.
Courthouse — Clark street, between Washington
and Randolph: south side.
County Jail— North Dearborn and Illinois
streets: north side.
Criminal Court Building— West Austin avenue
and North Dearborn street: north side.
Children's Hospital— Wood street, near Polk;
west side.
County Hospital— Harrison and Honore streets:
west side.
County Infirmary— Oak Forest; reached by the
Rock Island railroad.
County Morgue— Wood and Polk streets; west
side.
Psychopathic Hospital— Wood and Polk streets;
west side.
County Agent— Main office. 213 South Peoria
street: west side.
Juvenile Court — Room 1007 courthouse.
Home for Delinquent and Dependent Children—
771 Ewing street.
IN COURTHOUSE.
Board of Assessors — Third floor, north end.
Board of Review— Third floor, south end.
County Commissioners — Room 537.
Committee Clerk — Room 537.
County Treasurer— First and second floors,
north end.
County Clerk — Second floor, south end.
County Court — Room 603.
County Court Clerk— Room 600.
County Comptroller— Room 511.
County Superintendent of Schools— Room 546.
County Surveyor— Room 726.
Custodian— Room 1026.
Coroner — Room 500.
Civil Service Commissioners— Room 547.
Circuit Court— Seventh floor.
Circuit Court Clerk— Fourth floor, north end.
Jury Commissioners — Room 824.
President County Board— Room 523.
Probate Court — Sixth floor.
Probate Court Clerk— Sixth floor.
Sheriff — Fourth floor, center.
Superintendent of Public Service — Room 519.
Superior Court— Eighth floor.
Superior Court Clerk— Fourth floor, south end.
CRIMINAL COURT BUILDING.
Criminal Court Clerk — First floor.
Criminal Courts— Third, fourth and fifth floors.
Sheriff (Bailiffs) in Charge of Criminal Court
— First floor.
Grand Jury Assembly Room — Second floor.
State's Attorney— Second floor.
ILLINOIS CHAPTER OF AMERICAN LEGION.
Officers. 1919-1920.
Commander— Milton J. Foreman. Chicago.
Vice-Commander — William R. McCauley. Olney.
Adjutant— Earl B. Searcey, Spring-field.
Medical Officer — Dr. Thomas Know, Quincy.
Insurance Officer — Grover S. Sexton. Chicago.
Vocational Education Officer— Dr. H. S. Sulli-
van. Chicago.
Senior Chaplain — Rev. Frank D. Adams. Urbana.
Sergeant at Arms — Charles G. Green, Aurora.
State Board of Directors— Roger .Fiery. Charles
Roth. F. B. Flannery. Barratt O'Hara. and
Miss Ellen Martin. Chicago: William D.
Knight. Rockford: Pence B. Orr. Joliet: B. A.
Cootlow. Oregon: D. J. Meyers. Pontiac; Rob-
ert W Weber, Urbana : Leo G Hana. Peo-
ria: W. L. Kelly. Shelby ville; R. V. Guston.
East St. Louis: H. F. Lewis. Murphysboro:
and John A. Steele of McLeansboro.
Headquarters — Springfield.
Conventions — First convention held in Peoria
Oct. 17-18. 1919. Convention of 1920 to
be held in Chicago. »
CENTRAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. ARMY.
Commander — Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wood. i Surgeon — Coli Champe C. McCulloch, Jr.
Aid-de-camp — Capt. Landon Thomas. i Engineer — Col. John Mjllis.
Aid-de-camp — Second Lieut. Osborne C. Wood.
Aid -de-camp— Lieut. W. E. Stanley.
Chief of Staff— Col. Evan H. Humphrey.
Adjutant — Col. Ralph Harrison.
Inspector — Col. Alexander L. Dade.
Judge Advocate — Lieut. Col. Edwin O. Saun
ders.
Quartermaster — Col. Chauncey B. Baker.
Ordnance Officer — Col. Everett S. Hughes.
Signal Officer— Col. Leonard D. Wildman.
Air Service Officer — Lieut. -Col. Joseph C. Mor-
row.
! Officer in Charge of Militia Affairs— Col. B. B.
Devore.
Headquarters
-230 East Ohio street, Chicago.
870
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
SALARIES
COUNTY BOARD
President $9,000
Commissioners, 14 at... 5,000
Secretary to president.. 3.000
Committee clerk 3,000
Stenographers, 3, each. 1.410
Investigator 2.500
COMPTROLLER.
Comptroller (see county clerk).
Deputy comptroller $6,000
Chief clerk 3.000
Auditor 2.500
Accountants. 2 at 1.980
Cashiers. 2 at 1.800
Bookkeeper 1.980
Clerks, $1,500 to 1.800
Stenographer 1.615
SUPERINTENDENT PUBLIC
SERVICE.
Superintendent $6.000
Head clerk 3.000
Inspector purchases 2,700
Principal bookkeeper, . 1,770
Buyer 1,800
Storekeeper 1.488
Supt. mechanics 3.300
Chief electrician 2,505
NOTE — Mechanics are paid
prevailing union wages.
SHERIFF.
Sheriff $9.960
Chief deputy 4,000
Chief bailiffs. 2 at 2.400
Assistant bailiffs. 2 at. 1,762
Real estate clerk 1,980
Cashier 1.800
Summons clerk 1,800
Execution clerk 1.800
Clerks. $1.200 to 1,500
Deputy sheriffs, 26 at.. 2,000
Bailiffs. 125 at 1.560
Criminal Court Building.
Custodian $2.100
Chief engineer 2.400
Electrician 2,325
Plumber 2,325
Steamfitter 2.325
County Jail. ,
Jailer $2,500
Assistant jailers. 3 at.. 1.800
Storekeeper 1,410
Physician 1.615
Matrons. 3 at 1,095
Engineer 2,137
Jail guards (per mo.).
$110 to 120
County Building.
Custodian $3.000
OF COOK COUNTY OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYES (1919).
Yearly except where otherwise specified.
Assistant custodian . . 1,615
Chief engineer 2,750
Steamfitter 2,325
Plumber 2,325
Electrician 2,325
Elevator starters, 2 at. 1,410
Elevator men, 18 at . . 1,287
CIVIL SERVICE COMMIS-
SION.
President $1,500
Commissioners. 2 at 1.500
Chief examiner 2.000
Principal examiner 2,000
Senior clerk
Principal clerk 1,677
BOARD OF ASSESSORS.
Assessors, 3 at $7,000
Assessors, 3 at 5.000
Attorney 3 600
Chief clerk 4,000
Assistant chief clerk.... 3.000
Chief draftsman $1.741
Real estate expert ... 1,950
Surveyor 1.950
Chief docket clerk 1.920
Clerks. $1.000 to 2.100
BOARD OF REVIEW.
Members. 3 at $7,000
Chief clerk 4.000
Assistant chief clerk. . . 3.000
Attorney for board 3.600
Principal clerk 2,100
Real estate expert 3,000
COUNTY TREASURER.
Treasurer $9,960
Assistant treasurer 6,000
Chief clerk 3,600
Auditor 3.000
Head bookkeeper 3,300
Head cashier 2,700
Head clerk 2.700
Secretary to treasurer. 2,400
Clerks $110 (per mo) to 150
COUNTY CLERK.
County clerk $9.000
Private secretary 1.612
Chief deputy 3.600
Chief clerk 3.000
Cashier 2,520
Chief tax extension 3,600
Head clerk 2.400
Head bookkeeper 2.520
RECORDER.
Recorder $9,000
Chief deputy 3,600
Chief clerk 2.700
Publicity Division.
Principal clerk $1,800
Senior clerk 1,612
Recording Division.
Cashier $1,980
Teller 1.770
Bookkeeper 1,667
Abstract Department.
Chief clerk $2.400
Re transcribing Department.
Head clerk $2.400
Senior clerk 1,762
Principal clerk 1,800
Torrens Department.
Attorney and examiner.$4.000
Attorney and examiner. 3.600
Attorney and examiner. 3.000
Attorney and ex., 2 at. 2.500
Chief clerk 3.000
CIRCUIT COURT CLERK.
Clerk of court $9,000
Chief deputy .. 3.000
Chief clerk 2,100
Principal clerk 1.800
Cashier 1.800
SUPERIOR COURT CLERK.
Clerk of court $9.000
Chief deputy 3.000
Chief clerk 2.100
Principal clerk 1,800
Cashier 1,800
CLERK COUNTY COURT.
S Chief clerk $3.000
Cashier 1.800
Principal clerk 1,800
PROBATE COURT CLERK.
Clerk Probate court. . . .30 000
Assistant to judge 3.600
Assts. to judge, 3 at... 3,300
Chief clerk 3000
Valuation expert. ...'.'.'.' 2,200 | Principal clerk
2,400
CRIMINAL COURT CLERK.
Clerk Criminal court... .$9.000
Chief deputy 3.000
Chief clerk 2,400
Cashier 1.800
STATE'S ATTORNEY.
State's attorney $11.600
Assistant 7,000
Assistant 6.500
Assistants, 2 at 5.500
Assistants, 3 at 4,800
Assistants. 6 at 4.500
Assistants. 6 at 4,000
Assistants, 5 at 3.600
Assistants, 12 at 3,000
Assistants, 11 at 2,400
Assistants, 5 at 2,000
Secretary 4,000
Investigator 2,400
Chief court reporter. . . 3,000
Assistant chief reporter 2,000
Court reporters. 4 at. . 1.860
COUNTY INSTITUTIONS.
At Oak Forest.
Superintendent $3,600
Asst. superintendent 2.400
Head physician 2,100
Supervisor 1.920
Druggist 1,741
Chief engineeer 2,200
Wages of minor employes
run from $30.25 to $125 a
month. Nurses get from
$41.25 to $150 a month.
Nearly all are provided with
board and lodging- and laun-
dry service free.
At County Hospital.
Warden $3.600
County physician 3,500
Assistant warden 3,300
Assistant warden 2,800
Palho3ogist 2,400
Radiographer 2.400
Principal clerk 2,100
Chief engineer 2.200
Nurses (per mo.) $82 to 125
Board, etc., is in some cases
free.
BUREAU SOCIAL SERVICE.
fiunerintemlent $2.400
Assistant supt 1.800
Supervisor 1.488
Head nurse 1,488
COUNTY AGENT.
County agent $4.500
Assistant agent 2,500
Assistant agents, 8 at. . 1,800
Deporting agent 1,980
G. A. R. Relief.
Superintendent $1,320
Secretary 990
Visitors. 2 at 792
Stenographer 792
DELINQUENT HOME.
Physician . ...$2.400
Matron 1,712
JUVENILE COURT.
Director (psychopathic) $5. 000
Assistant (woman) 5,000
PROBATION OFFICERS,
hief probation officer. $3, 000
Probation officers,
$1,320 to 2,100
JURY COMMISSION.
Commissioners, 3 at $1,500
Principal clerk 1.800
Clerks. $1,320 to 1.440
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
871
SUPT. OF SCHOOLS.
Superintendent *$7,500
Supervisors. 3 at 2,160
Supervisors. 2 at 2.100
•Paid by state.
ELECTION COMMISSION.
Commissioners. 3 at $4,000
Chief clerk 5,000
Assistant chief clerk... 3,000
CORONER.
Coroner \... $9,000
Chief deputy 3.600
Statistician 1.712
Morgue Keeper 1,712
Deputies, 10 at 2,000
SUPT. OF HIGHWAYS.
Superintendent $5,000
Assistant engineer 2,700
Assistant engineer 2.100
JUDGES.
Circuit judges. 20 at.. $10.000
Superior court judges,
19 at *12.000
Superior court judge.
1 at tlO.OOO
County court judge.. 12,000
Probate court judge.. 12,000
"$7,000 from county and $5,000 from state. t$5.000 from county and $5,000 from state.
COOK CO,UNTY APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1919
Advertising fund.
Assessment lists
Bank investigation
Bridge fund
Budget fund
Change of venue fund
Children's outing fund
Coroner's fund...
$1,500.00
8,000.00
5,000.00
20,000.00
500.00
10,000.00
3,000.00
5 000 00
County bonds fund 1,532,784.13
County treasurer's bond fund. .
Deportation fund
Dieting jurors fund
Election fund
Emergency hospital
Furniture, etc
Gas litigation
General road fund
20,000.00
1.500.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
800.00
81,000.00
7,000.00
30,000.00
General supply fund 1,039,000.00
Hard roads fund 348,093.98
Hospital building fund 13,128.10
Hospital nursing 273,000.00
Industrial schools.
Insurance fund
Judgment fund
Jurors' fund
Liabilities outstanding....
Light, heat, power
Maywood home
Miscellaneous
300,000.00
800.00
2,577.62
155,000.00
682,802.85
276,200.00
600.00
________________ ................... 18,514.29
Mothers' pensions ................ 260,000.00
Operating expense
Office supplies .................
Outdoor relief ...................
Postage fund .............
President's fund ..................
Printing proceedings ............
Relief for blind .................
Returning fugitives
28,100.00
112,747.65
30,000.00
17,500.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
47,000.00
1,000.00
Roads fund ...................... 951,858.97
Salaries and wages .............. 5,384,292.97
School for boys ................. 35,000.00
Special assessment ............... 6.500.00
State aid roads ................. 121,038.56
State's attorney's fund .......... 60,000.00
State institutions ................. 17.000.00
Street railway litigation ........ 7,000.00
Telephone fund .................. 18,000.00
Transportation .................. 3,000.00
Transportation prisoners ........ 9,000.00
Witness fees ..................... __ 8.000.00
Total ........................ 12,007.838.22
SALARIES AND WAGES.
County board ................... $92,355.00
Comptroller ..................... 38,29000
Superintendent public service... 39,546.00
Mechanics .................... 177,208.90
Sheriff— County building .......... 245,220.90
Civil service commission ....... 16.574.00
Total administration 609,194.80
'Including quick assets, etc.
SHERIFFS OF COOK
1871-1874— Timothy M. Bradley, Rep.
1874-1876 — Francis Agnew, Peo.
1876-1878— Charles Kern. Dem.
1878-1880— John Hoffman. Rep.
1880-1882— O. L. Mann, Rep.
1882-1886*— Seth F. Hanchett, Rep.
1886-1890-^anute R. Matson. Kep.
1890-1894— James H. Gilbert, Rep.
1894-1898— James Pease, t Rep.
Board of assessors $347.630.50
Country towns 31.775.00
Board of review... 165.302.50
County treasurer
485,824.00
County clerk 401.657.50
Total tax division... . 1,432,189.50
Recorder
184,508.46
Abstract department 188,946.00
Torrens department
Circuit court clerk
Superior court clerk
County court clerk
Probate court clerk
Sheriff — General office
Jury commissioners
Election commissioners
Coroner
Judiciary
Total civil courts 1,454,620.06
Clerk Criminal court 79,437.00
State's attorney 269,446.50
75,813.30
130,576.80
63.486.50
104,166.60
76,151.00
49,551.00
99,897.00
295,379.00
22,012.60
20,000.00
88,523.00
262.000.00
Sheriff — Criminal court building.
Sheriff— Jail
Total Criminal court 555,273.60
Oak Forest institutions 264,407.25
County hospital 549,684.65
County agent, regular
Physicians
G. A. R. relief
Home for delinquents
Juvenile court probation officers.
Superintendent schools...
Adult probation office
Social service bureau
Total charitable, etc
Superintendent of highways —
120,309.25
20.000.00
4,686.00
58,212.75
168,050.50
15,987.46
35,623.00
37.741.50
1,274,712.36
58,301.75
Total salaries 5,384,292.97
ESTIMATED RESOURCES.
Fiscal year 1919.
All taxes ' $7,243,855.32
Fee Offices.
County treasurer 1,500,000.00
County clerk 475,000.00
Recorder 250,000.00
Abstract department 15,000.00
Torrens department 50.000.00
Circuit court clerk 145,000.00
Superior court clerk 95,000,00
County court clerk 55,000.00 -
Probate court clerk 155,000.00
Sheriff 110,000.00
Miscellaneous 38,00000
Total'
.12,007.635.22
COUNTY (1871-1930).
I 1898-1902— Ernest J. Magerstadt, Rep.
1902-1906— Thomas E. Barrett. Dem.
1906-1910— Christopher Strassheim. Rep.
1910-1914— Michael Zimmer, Dem.
1914-1918— John E. Traeger. Dem.
1918-1922— Charles W. Peters. Rep.
*Term changed from two to four years.
tAlso appointed to serve unexpired term of
Thomas E. Barrett, who died in March. 1906.
872
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
COOK COUNTY FINANCES.
[From Comptroller Robert M. Sweitzer's annual report for the fiscal year ended Nov. 30,
1918. and brought down to Jan. 8. 1919.]
GENERAL BALANCE SHEET.
Assets.
Capital assets —
Remunerative real estate $9.700.00
Unremunerative real estate 3,777,564.19
Buildings and equipment 5,165,590.44
Roads, equipment 27,713.76
Roads, improvements 1,465,486.45
Hard road bonds 1.340,387.55
Cash in hand of treasurer 13.128.10
Total capital assets 21,799,570.49
Current assets —
Cash in hand of treasurer 624.796.23
Taxes 2,623.289.24
Delinquent taxes 2,739.309.84
Uncollected fees 1,332.851.07
Accounts receivable 389,666.33
Supply department 945.64
Total current assets 7.710,858.35
Contingent assets —
Cash in hands of treasurer 19.816.97
Trust fund securities 51,421.41
Total contingent assets 71,238.38
Grand tola] 29,581.667.22
Liabilities.
Capital liabilities-
Funded debt 9.715.000.00
Capital surplus 12,084,570.49
EXPENSES BY DIVISIONS.
To Nov. 30. 1918.
Administration $659.897.48
Taxation and collection 1,190,553.73
Civil courts 1,788.307.60
Criminal courts 833,589.89
Charitable and educational 3.369.280. '<
General 546.659.20
Total corporate operating 8,288.288.64
Liquidation deferred liabilities.. 1,406.989.51
Store room fund 619.22
Total other corporate 1,407.608.73
County hospital 150,011.74
Hard roads fund 576.298.14
Hard ro?d salary 50.238.83
Total special appropriations.. 776,548.71
Total by divisions 10.472.446.08
EXPENSES BY FUNDS.
Salaries and wages .. .. $4.429. 073.45
Judges' salaries.
Extra judges
Office supplies and expense
General supply
Light, heat and power
Furniture and repair
Operating expense
Bonds
Total capital liabilities 21,799.570.49
Current liabilities-
Warrants outstanding 137,046.93
Audited vouchers 072,803.85
Bond and interest account 196.367.86
Uncompleted contracts 401.868.98
Tax error and rebate fund 325.000.00
Delinquent taxes 1.441.605.48
Uncollected fees 1.013.590.81
Revenue surplus 3,522,574.44
7,710.858.35
71,238.38
Total current liabilities
Contingent liabilities
Grand total 29.581,667.22
CORPORATE SURPLUS ACCOUNT.
To Nov. 30. 1918.
Revenue.
1918 taxes extended $7,023,289.24
Interest on delinquent taxes ... 200,295.64
Interest on tax forfeitures 1,825.85
Forfeiture redemptions 315.64
Fee offices 2,615.054.21
Tavern licenses 2,491.65
Miscellaneous 39.340.01
Gross revenue 9.882,612.24
Deductions-
Reserved for Uncollected fees... 64,900.21
Torrens indemnity fund 2,753.40
Abstract guaranty fund 761.73
Expenses paid by fee offices, etc. 58.153.90
Total 126.569.24
Total net revenue 9.756,043.00
Expenses
Administration 667.507.29
Taxation and collection 1.201,362.24
Civil courts 2,244,492.56
Criminal courts 933,714.63
Charitable and educational .... 3.307,697.21
General division 782.106.18
Uncompleted contracts 401.868.98
Total operating expenses 9,538.749.09
Bonds matured 1,057,500.00
Additions to property 85,150.42
257,432.78
16.520.00
102.117.18
1,087.268.83
272.201.78
50.900.45
25.347.45
1,113,000.00
385.062.50
Interest
Miscellaneous 1.684.431.47
Hospital building 150.011.74
State aid roads 55.022.31
Hard roads 576.208.14
Outdoor relief 32.798.98
Liabilities outstanding 234.959.42
Total by funds 10,472,446.08
EXPENDITURES AND LIABILITIES IN
DETAIL.
To Nov. 30, 1918.
Administration Division.
Salaries— Commissioners $69,047.38
Comptroller 37.565.34
Supt. public service, regular... 37.373.13
Supt. public service, mechanics 151,129.05
Sheriff, county building 219.789.45
Civil service commissioners... 14,754.52
Civil service commiss.. extra. 380.0(
Total,
Supplies — Commissioners
Comptroller
Superintendent public service
Sheriff, county building
Civil service commissioners...
Total
Supplies, county building
Light, heat, power, county bldg.
Furn. and repair, county bldg...
Operating expense, county bldg.
Advertising
Budget
Insurance
President's fund
Postage fund
Telephone fund
Total expenses 10.681.399.51
Excess of expense 925,35651
Surplus as of Nov. 30. 1918.... 3.522,574.44
Total
Total administration division..
530,038.87
402.35
1.759.55
1,188.97
18.52
437.22
3.806.61
15.770.17
43.047.96
16.338.98
3,019.83
1,371.48
500.00
2.267.10
6.000.00
17,250.48
17.748.99
2,730.92
126.052.00
659.897.48
Taxation and Collection Division.
Salaries —
Board of assessors, regular... 149.275.42
Board of assessors, extfa 78.892.50
Bd. of assessors, country towns 20,350.00
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
873
Board of review, regular $81,260.39
Board of review, extra 37,192.00
County treasurer, regular 192,778.13
County treasurer, extra 260.102.00
County clerk, regular 185,591.86
County clerk, extra 127,567.75
Total ,
Supplies— Board of assessors.
Board of review ,
Oountv treasurer
County clerk
1*136.010.05
7,622.26
1.598.17
29.721.11
8,013.34
Total
Assessment lists fund
Total taxation division
Civil Courts Division.
Salaries — Recorder, regular
Recorder, folio writers
Recorder, abstract department
Recorder. Torrens department.
Clerk Circuit court
Clerk Superior court
Clerk County court
Clerk Probate court
Sheriff — General office
Jury commissioners
Election commissioners
Coroner
46,954.88
7,588.80
1,190.553.73
90.552.51
77.510.95
162.851.73
51,012.39
96.591.20
70,435.99
46.707.05
94.186.93
279.911.89
20.430.87
19,999.80
83.297.04
Total .
Supplies — Recorder
Clerk Circuit court ..
Clerk Superior court
Clerk County court
Clerk Probate court ..
Sheriff— General office
Jury commissioners ..
Coroner
1.093.488.35
13.670.84
6.267.79
3.215.37
1.444.56
4.425.17
1,306.47
708.97
1,126.67
Total 32,165.84
Judiciary— Salaries 257,432.78
Extra judges. Circuit court... 7.810.00
Extra judges. County court.... 7.500.00
Extra judges. Probate court... 1,210.00
Total '. 273,952.78
Less judges Criminal courts 32,581.99
Total judges civil court 241,370.79
Coroner's fund 13,938.54
Election fund 287,337.33
Operating- expenses, clerk of
Probate court 7.00
Jurors 221.464.95
Jurors (less criminal division) 421,282.62
Total civil courts division 1,788,307.60
Criminal Courts Division.
Salaries— Clerk Criminal court.. 74.641.67
State's attorney, regular 259,755.87
State's attorney, extra 2.274.03
Sheriff, Criminal court bldg. . 66.836.57
Sheriff, jail 103.700.10
To t al 507,208.24
General supplies —
Sheriff, Criminal court 3,010.63
Sheriff, jail 7,976.71
County jail, dieting- prisoners. 41,869.90
Total 52,857.24
Office supplies-
Clerk Criminal court 2,345.61
State's attorney 3,843.98
Sheriff, Criminal court bldg:.. 8.00
Sheriff, jail 422.15
Total 6.619.74
Light, heat and power, Crim. ct. 24.516.27
Light, heat and power, jail 269.84
Furniture and repair, Crim. ct. 2,088.56
Furniture and repair, jail 1,296.87
Operating- exp., Crim. ct. bldg.. $859.27
Operating- expense, jail 738.65
Transportation of prisoners 7,646.68
Change of venue fund 6,149.70
State's attorney's fund 100,032.61
Additional judges 32.581.99
Additional jurors 66,153.70
Witness fees 6,914.78
Dieting jurors 17,655.75
1,094,461.89
392.431.64
351,956.94
249,684.81
23,948.81
Total 266.904.67
Total Criminal courts division 833,589.89
Charitable and Educational Division.
Salaries— Oak Forest institutions 211.089.65
County hospital 478,053.95
County agent, regular 106,803.74
Cdunty agent, physicians 16,434.00
County agent, G. A. R 4,557.95
Home for delinquents 46,079.85
Juvenile probation officers 149.851.76
Superintendent of schools 13.562.32
Supt. of schools, extra 2,250.00
Adult probation officers 32.400.96
Bureau social service 33,377.71
Total
General supplies —
Oak Forest institutions
County hospital
County agent
Home for delinquents
Total
Light, heat and power —
Oak Forest
County hospital
County agent
Home for delinquents
Total
Furniture and repairs-
County hospital
Oak Forest institutions
County agent
Home for delinquents
Total ! 31,175.64
Operating expenses —
Oak Forest institutions 2,117.29
County hospital 4,041.27
County agent 12.993.66
Home for delinquents 1,570.48
Total " 20,722.70
Office supplies —
Oak Forest institutions 1,093.64
County hospital 4,051.58
Home for delinquents 169.06
County agent 1,383.18
Juvenile court 1,769.23
Superintendent of schools 2,195.57
Adult probation office 594.82
Bureau of social service 761.98
Total
Mothers' pensions
Outdoor relief
Deportation
Hospital nursing
Industrial schp9ls
Returning fugitives
State institutions
Maywood home
Relief for the blind
Emergency hospital
School for boys
Children's outings
1,018,022.20
75,007.30
123,829.02
1,114.76
4,416.63
204,367.71
15,496 84
14,030.85
142.50
1,505.45
12,019.06
260.445.59
32,798.98
1.154.42
249,610.10
270,000.00
619.69
9,427.86
576.00
41,459.75
433.12
19.095.65
2,890.38
Total
Total char, and educat. div..
888.511.54
3,269,280.74
RECEIPTS IN DETAIL.
General fund account Nov. 30, 1918.
From Fee Offices.
County treasurer $1,304,418.88
County clerk 359,246.26
874
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Recorder
Recorder— Abstract department.
Recorder— Registrar
Clerk of Circuit court
Clerk of Superior court
Clerk of County court
Clerk of Probate court
Sheriff
Coroner
State's attorney
$213,443.75
14,473.02
44,667.75
133,777.90
83,370.82
49,711.90
144,780.05
127,466.72
367.70
42,472.89
From Taxes.
General taxes. 1917
Delinquent— Int. on taxes,
Forfeiture redemptions
Tax levy loans, 1918 taxes
Int. on forfeitures
Int. on delinquent taxes
Tax levy loans, 1917 taxes...
Miscellaneous
Total receipts
$7,320,259.00
1916 160.295.64
315.64
4,400,000.00
1.825.85
40,000.00
60,000.00
89.609.75
14,597,800.04
Disbursements 14,297,416.73
Balance 300,383.31
$37.500.00
115.000.00
125.000.00
312.500.00
175.000.00
Total 2,518.197.64
BONDED DEBT OF COOK COUNTY.
Dec. 31. 1918. Outstanding;.
Refunding- courthouse bonds, 1879
Refunding: war bonds
Building- purposes
Cook county bonds
Refunding- bonds
New courthouse building- bonds 1,750,000.00
Infirmary building- bonds 1.000.000.00
New county hospital bonds 1.950.000.00
Detention hospital bonds 250.000.00
Infirmary building's and cemetery bonds 750.000.00
New county hospital pavilions, etc.. bonds 850.000.00
Hard road bonds 1.400.000.00
Road bonds 1.000.000.00
Total 9,715.000.00 1,157.500.00
Due an.
$37,500.00
57.500.00
25,000.00
62,500.00
25,000.00
250,000.00
100.000.00
150.000.00
50,000.00
50,000.00
50.000.00
200.000.00
100.000.00
Lim.
1920
1920
1923
1923
1925
1925
1928
1931
1923
1933
1935
1925
1938
The interest rate is 4 per cent except on the
building- purposes bonds, where it is 3% per
cent.
The state constitution provides that the
FIXED
county authorities shall never assess taxes
the ag-greg-ate of which shall exceed 75 cents
per $100 valuation unless authorized by a
vote of the people of the county.
ASSETS OF COOK COUNTY.
As of Nov. 30, 1918.
43d street and Ellis avenue
Courthouse .
Real estate.
$9,700.00
3 1°3 059 00
Buildings.
$4 870 788 27
Equipment.
$548 615 72
Total.
$9,700.00
8 542,528.74
Crim. court building1 and jail..
Juvenile court building-
203,600.00
25 000 00
386.080.00
57 569 86
1,700.00
594.292.62
82,631.31
Oak Forest institutions
62 918 16
2 8°0 035 83
46 935 00
2,931.967.81
County hospital
362 987 03 '
5 886 579 69
37 701 46
6.291,033.89
New detention hospital
483 759.91
16,929.79
500,700.26
Roads — Machinery
27 713 76
27.713.76
Hard roads — Improvements
1.465,486.45
Total 3,777,564.19 14,504.813.56 679,595.73 20.436,354.84
461
8.033
4.806
3.694
836
276
569
568
19.111
369
1,144
2.009
679
643
917
2,456
418
1.702
312
441
552
1,065
334
2,161
949
359
1,030
309
4.948
905
260
4.943
3,168
*Partly in Lake county. tPartly in Kane county. ^Partly in Will county. §Population in
1912. 26.253.
. BY TOWNSH
POPU1
IPS.
1,953
5 841
CATION OF COOK
BY CITIES AND
Arlington Heights
Barrington*
Bartlett
Bellwood
COUNTY (]
VILLAGES.
1.943
1,144
408
943
L910) .
Matteson
Berwyn . . ...
Melrose Park
Bloom
18 339
Morgan Park
Bremen
1,898
Morton Grove
Mount Greenwood. . .
Niles . .
Calumet
Cicero
8.881
14 557
Berwyn
i 5 841
Blue Island
8 043
Elk Grove
1 302
Brookfield
Burnham
2,186
328
Evanston
690
Oak Lawn
Hanover
1 649
Chicag-o
2 185 283
Oak Park ....
Lemont
4 296
Chicago Heights..
Cicero
14.525
14 557
Orland Park
Palatine
Park Ridge
Leyden
Lyons .
2.813
11 289
Des Plaines
Dolton
2,348
1 869
Maine
7 193
Phoenix ....
New Trier
Niles . .
. 12,532
4 203
Edison Park
543
Posen
Riverdale
River Forest
Elgin t
25 976
Northfield
Norwood Park
Oak Park
Orland . .
2,675
6.251
19,444
1 230
Evanston§
Evergreen Park. .
Forest Park
24,978
424
6 594
River Grove
Riverside
Riverview
Franklin Park....
Glen View
Glencoe
683
652
1 899
Palatine
2 147
Palos
1.405
26 921
S. Chicago Heights..
South Holland
Spring Forest
Stegert
Proviso . .
Glen wood
581
Rich . ,
1 301
Gross Point
1,008
7.227
328
480
Ridgeville
24.978
1.980
954
962
22,067
3.845
7.354
2.405.233
Riverside
Hillside
Hodgkins
Summit
Schaumberg-
Stickney .
Tessville
Homewood
Kenilworth
LaGrange
LaGrange Park.. .
Lansing
Lemont
Lyons
713
881
5.282
1.131
1.060
2.284
1.483
Thornton
Tinlev Park
Wheeling-
Worth
West Hammond
Western Springs
Wheeling
Total population,
includ. Chicago.
Wilmette
Winnetka . .
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
876
COURTS IN COOK COUNTY.
APPELLATE COURT. FIRST DIST. ILLINOIS.
14th floor Boulevard building-, Michigan boule-
vard and Washington street.
Main Court— William H. McSurely. presiding1
justice: Jesse Holdom. William E. Dever.
First Branch — David F. Matchett, presiding:
justice: Albert C. Barnes. Martin M. Gridley.
Second Branch— Charles M. Thomson, presid-
ing1 justice: Thomas Taylor, Jr.. John M.
O'Connor.
Clerk— James S. Mclnerney.
Deputy Clerks— Joseph P. Morrison, Michael
Normoyle. James T. Mclnerney, James T.
Sheahy.
Bailiff and Librarian — Andrew Whalen.
Jurisdiction— The Appellate court has juris-
diction of all matters of appeal or writs of
error from the Superior. Circuit and County
courts, and from the Municipal court oJ
Chicagro. except in criminal cases and those
aff^ctin? a franchise or freehold or the
validity erf a statute. Decisions are final in
cases involving" an amount less than 81,000
except that an appeal may be granted on a
certificate of importance, or a review may
be allowed on a writ of certiorari from the
Supreme court.
Terms of Courts-First Tuesdays in March and
October of each year.
SUPERIOR COURT.
County building-, 4th floor.
Judges. Terms expire.
Albert C. Barnes. R 1923
Theodore Brentano. R 1921
William Fenimore Cooper, D 1922
Joseph B. David, D 1923
William E. Dever. D 1922
Joseph H. Fitch. D 1923
Charles M. Foell, R 1923
Martin M. Gridley. D 1922
Harry A. Lewis, R 1925
Jacob H. Hopkins. D 1923
Oscar Hebel. R 19°,3
Joseph Sabath. D 1922
Marcus A. Kavanagh. R 1923
Charles A. MacDonald. D 1922
M. L. McKinley. D 1923
William H. McSurely. R 1923
John M. O'Connor. D 1923
Hugo Pam. R 1923
Denis E. Sullivan. D 1923
John J. Sullivan. D 1920
Clerk — John Kjellander. R.: courthouse, fourth
floor, south end. Chief deputy, Leonard A.
Brundage. Salaries— Judges. $12,000: of
clerk. 59,000.
(Judges elected prior to 1915 get 810,000 a
year.)
Jurisdiction— The Superior court has concur-
rent jurisdiction with the Circuit court in all
cases of law and equity and in appeals from
inferior courts.
Terms of Court— Begin on the first Monday of
every month.
CIRCUIT COURT.
County building-. 4th floor.
Terms of judges all expire in June, 1921.
Judges.
Victor P. Arnold. R.
Robert E. Crowe. R.
Jesse A. Baldwin, R.
George F. Barrett. R.
David M. Brothers. R.
Jesse Holdom. R.
Georg-e Kersten. D.
David F. Matchett. R.
John P. McGoorty, D.
Merritt W. Pinckney. R
Kickham Scanlan. R.
F. George Rush, R.
Thomas Taylor. Jr.. R.
Charles M, Thomson, R
Oscar M. Torrison, R.
Richard S. Tuthill, R.
Charles M. Walker. D.
Thomas G. Windes, D.
Frank Johnston, Jr., D.
Anton T. Zeman, R.
Clerk— August W. Miller. Rep.; chief clerk.
Louis A. Hutt: fourth floor, north end.
Salaries^Same as those of Superior court.
Jurisdiction— Same as that of the Superior
court.
Terms of Court— Begin on the third Monday
of every month.
COUNTY COURT.
County building, 6th floor.
Judge— James T. Burns. D.: term expires In
December, 1922.
Clerk— R. M. Sweitzer. D.: 600 county build-
ing.
Jurisdiction — The County court has concurrent
jurisdiction with the Circuit courts in all
cases of appeal from justices of the peace
and police magistrates and in all common
law matters where the value of property
does n9t exceed $1,000; concurrent jurisdic-
tion with courts of record in condemnation
and special assessment proceedings; exclusive
jurisdiction in voluntary assignments, release
of insolvent debtors, trials of the right of
property, commitment of insane and the sup-
port of paupers by their relatives; objec-
tions to the sale of real estate for nonpay-
ment of general or special taxes are heard
in the County court and all inheritance taxes
are levied and collected under its direction;
the official bonds of most county and town-
ship officers and the yearly reports of clerks,
justices of the peace and state's attorneys
and other officers of fees collected are sub-
jected to the approval of that court; the
County court in Cook county has entire
management and control of all elections In
Chicago.
CRIMINAL COURT.
Criminal court building. West Austin avenue
and North Dearborn street.
Judges— Judges of the Superior and Circuit
courts alternate in presiding over the Crim-
inal court.
Clerk— William R. Parker. R.: office in Crim-
inal court building.
Jurisdiction— The Criminal court of Cook coun-
ty has original jurisdiction of all criminal
offenses except such as is conferred upon
justices of the peace, and appellate Jurisdic-
tion from justices of the peace.
Terms of Court— Begin on the first Monday of
every month.
PROBATE COURT.
County building, 6th floor.
Judge— Henry Homer. D.; term expires in
Assistants— Harry G. Keats, John F. Devine.
Jr., Paul Corkell, Philip Finnegan.
Clerk— John F. Devine. R.
hief Deputy Clerk— Raymond J. Darby R
Public Administrator— Gordon A. Ramsay, R.
Public Guardian — Mary Belle Spencer
Jurisdiction— The Probate court has original
jurisdiction in all matters of probate the
settlement of estates of deceased persons
the appointment of guardians and conserva-
tors and settlement of their accounts and
in cases of sales of real estate of deceased
persons for the payment of debts
Terms of Court— Begin on the first Monday of
every month.
JUVENJT.E COURT OF COOK COUNTY
Room 900 county building.
Judge— Victor P. Arnold.
Assistant to Judge— Mary M. Bartelme
Chief Probation Officer— Joseph L. Moss
Jurisdiction— The Juvenile court hears and df*
poses of cases broug-ht before it under the
act to regulate the treatment and co"'rni of
dependent, neglected and delinquent children.
and truant cases brought before it under
the compulsory education law It also
administers the law providing for the partial
support of mothers whose husbands are dead
€70
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
or are incapacitated for work when such
mothers have children under 14 years of
age. The Juvenile detention home is at 771
Gilpin place. The judges of the Circuit court
each summer select one of its members to
eit in the Juvenile court one year.
U. S. CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS.
Federal building:, 7th floor.
Associate Justice— John H. Clarke.
Judges— Francis E. Baker. Samuel AlsChUler,
Evan A. Evans, George T. Page.
Clerk— Edward M. Holloway.
Salary of judges, $8,500 a year.
Jurisdiction— The Circuit Courts of Appeals
have appellate jurisdiction to review final
decisions in District courts of Indiana, Illi-
nois and Wisconsin in all cases other than
those which may be taken direct to tho
United States Supreme court.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT.
Federal building. 6th floor.
Judges— Kenesaw M. Landis, G. A. Carpenter.
Clerk— John H. R. Jamar.
Marshal — John J. Bradley.
Salary of judges. $7,600 a year.
Jurisdiction — United Stales District courts have
jurisdiction of cases where the United States
is plaintiff or defendant of crimes and of-
fenses cognizable under the authority of the
United States; of suits relating to debts by
or to the United States; of admiralty and
maritime cases; of suits arising under the
postal, patent, trade-mark, copyright, immi-
gration, contract labor laws, etc.
MUNICIPAL COURTS OF CHICAGO
V/ny hail, btfc and 9th floors.
Chief Justice— Harry Olson, room 916.
Clerk— James A. Kearns, R.
Banff— Dennis J. Egan. D.
Judges. Terms expire.
Harry Olson, R ........................... 1924
Daniel P. Trude. R ........................ 1924
Harry M. Fisher. D ....................... 1924
William N. Gemmill. R .................... 1924
John J. Rooney. D ........................ 1924
Joseph S. LaBuy. D ....................... 1924
Charles F. McKinley. R ................... 1924
John K. Prindiville. D ..................... 1924
Arnold Heap, R ..................... ..... 1924
Bernard P. Barasa, R ..................... 1924
Leo J. Doyle. D ........................... 1920
Sheridan E. Fry, R ....................... 1920
Charles A. Williams. D .................... 1924
Frank H. Graham, D ...................... 1920
James Donahoe. D ........................ 1920
Edmund K. Jarecki. D ..................... 19
John Stelk. D ............................. 19
Dennis W. Sullivan. D .................... 192
Samuel H. Trude. R ...................... 192
Georg-e B. Holmes, R ..................... 1920
Irwin R. Hazen, R ........................ 1920
John R. Newcomer. R .................... 1932
Hosea W. Wells. R ........................ 1922
Wells M. Cook. R ......................... 1922
John A. Swanson, R ...................... 1922
John Richardson. R ....................... 1922
Hugh R. Stewart, R ...................... 1922
John F. Haas. R ......................... 1922
Howard Hayes. R ......................... 1922
John R. Caverly. D ....................... 1922
Salaries— Chief justice, 812.000 a year: associ-
ate justices, $9.000: clerk, $9,000: chief dep-
uty clerk, $4.000: two assistant chief deputy
clerks and one auditor, $3,000: other clerks,
$1.800 to $2.500: bailiff, $9.000: chief dep-
uty bailiff, $4.000: two assistant chief dep-
uty bailiffs. $2,500: other bailiffs. $1.500 to
92,000.
2Q
:^0
Civil Courts— First district, city hall; second
district. 8855 and 8857 Exchange avenue.
South Chicago.
Criminal Courts— First district: Branches 1 and
2 Criminal court building; South Clark street
branches 1 and 2. 625 South Clark street:
Desplaines street branch. 119 North Des-
plaines street; Maxwell street branch. Max-
well and Morgan streets: Hyde Park branch,
5223 Lake Park avenue: West Chicago ave-
nue branch. 1125 West Chicago avenue:
Shakespeare avenue branch, Shakespeare and
California avenues; East Chicago avenue
branch. 115 East Chicago avenue r Englewood,
branch. 6347 Wentworth avenue, Second dis-
trict 8855-8857 Exchange avenue. South
Chicago.
JURISDICTION.
1. All actions on contracts when the amount
claimed by the plaintiff exceeds $1.000: all ac-
tions for the recovery of personal property the
value of which exceeds $1.000: all actions for
the recovery of d m: gcs for the conversion
of personal property when the amount sought
to be recovered exceeds $1,000.
2. Criminal cases of the grade of felony, ex-
cept treason and murder, and cases of habeas
corpus.
3. Criminal oases below the grade of felony,
except habeas corpus cases.
4. Civil actions for the recovery of money
only when the amount does not exceed $1,000:
ac ions for recovery of personal property val-
ued at less than $1.000: actions of forcible
detainer: actions and proceeding's ov.er which
justices of the peace have jurisdiction and ac-
tions not otbe^ise provided for by the act.
5. Quasi criminal actions.
6. Proceedings lor the prevention of crime:
for the arrest, examination and commitment of
persons charged with criminal offenses: pro-
ceedings involving use of search warrants.
THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO.
A museum of fine arts and school of drawing-, painting-, etc
Michigan avenue and Adams street.
OFFICERS. | Manag-er Membership Department— Guy
Presidents-Charles L. Hutchinson.
Vice-Presidents — Martin A. Ryerson, Frank G
Logan.
Treasurer— Ernest A. Hamill.
Executive Staff.
Director— G^orgre W. Eg-gers.
Secretary— William F. Tuttle.
Curator of Decorative Arts— Bessie Bennett.
Curator of Exhibitions— Charles H. Burkholder.
Curator of Buckingham Collection— Frederic
W. Gookin.
Assistant in Charge of Prints — Kathryn W.-
McGovern.
Librarian— Sarah L. Mitchell.
Museum Instructor— Mrs. Herman J. Hall.
Head ol Extension Department— Ross Crane.
Young.
Registrar of School— Fanny J. Kendall.
Trustees. 1918— Edward E. Aver. Arthur T.
Aldis, Robert AHerton, Adolnhus C. Bartlett.
A. G. Becker, Edward B. Butler. Clyde M.
CJTT. Wallace L. D?Wolf, John J. Glessner.
William O. Goodman. Fr-nk W. Gunsaulue.
Charles L. Hu'chinson, Frank G. Logan, Cy-
rus McOormick, Honore Palmer, Abram
Poole, Martin A. Ryrson, Howard Shaw,
Charles H. Thome. Ex officio, William Hale
Thompson, mayor; George F. Harding, city
comptroller: John B/rton Payne, president
iso^th p-^^-k commissioners: Albert Mohr. au-
ditor sou'th park commissioners.
The Art I"8*i+ute of Chicaeo was incorporated
May 24. 1879. for the "founding- and main-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
877
tenance of schools of art and design, the for-
mation and exhibition of collections of pbjects
of art and the cultivation and extension of
the arts of design by any appropriate means.'
The museum building- upon the lake front,
first occupied in 1893, has never been closed
for a day. It is open to the public every
weekday from 9 to 5, Sundays from 12:15
to 9 p. m. Admission is free to members and
their families at all times, and free to all
upon Wednesdays, Saturdays, Sundays and
legal holidays. Upon other days the entrance
fee is 25 cents.
All friends of art are invited to become
members. Annual members pay a fee of $10
a year. Life members pay $100 and are
thenceforth exempt from dues. Sustaining
members pay $25 or more a year. Governing
members are elected by the trustees and pay
$100 upon election and $25 a year there-
after. Upon the payment of $400 governing
members become governing life members and
are thenceforth exempt from dues. All re-
ceipts from life memberships are invested and
the income only expended. All members are
entitled, with their families and visiting
friends, to admission to all exhibitions, re
ceptions, public lectures and entertainments
given by the Art institute and to the use of
the Ryerson reference library of art. Visitors
desiring to see the collections under guidance
may make appointments with the museum
instructors at the office of the director.
MUSEUM.
The Art museum now ranks among the first
three in the country. It contains excellent
examples of the old masters and of the mod-
ern painters. There is also a large and com-
prehensive collection of sculptures, includin-
reproductions of the work of the greatest
sculptors, ancient and modern. There is an
extensive collection of architectural casts.
Other fields of art are represented by collec-
tions of etchings, engravings, textiles, oriental
art, Egyptian and classical antiquities, etc.
There is a constant succession of passing ex-
hibitions, thirty-five or more in a year. All
students enjoy the full use of the collections
and the library. The number of visitors to
the museum during the year ended Dec. 31.
1918. was 1,018,870.
SCHOOL.
There is a school for beginners, one for stu-
dents in the various art professions, including
painting, sculpture, designing, illustration, and
normal art instruction, ?nd one for advanced
and highly trained students in the -arts of
painting end sculpture.
The school is conducted with the most mod-
ern methods and has grown to be the most
comprehensive and probably the largest fine
arts school in the United States. Distin-
guished teachers from a distance are called
in from time to time. Studer's may ente
at any time. The tuition rates are as fol-
lows :
Day School — Registration fee, $5: full time
for term of twelve w-^eks. $50: four weeks.
$20: four days a week, full term. $46: four
weeks, $19: three days a week, full term, $4?;
four weeks, $17: two days a week, full term,
$34; four weeks, $13; one day a week, full
term. $25: four weeks, S10.
Half-Day Courses— Five half days a w^ek,
$42 a term: four weeks. $18: four half days
a week, $37 a term: four weeks. $15: three
half days a week, $32 a term; four weeks,
$13: two half days a week. $27 a term; four
weeks. $10: one-half day a week, $18 a term:
four weeks. ?7.
Evening Rates — Registration fee, $2; three
nights a week, ?12.50 a term or $5 for four
w^eks; two nights a week. $10 a term or $4
for four weeks; one night a week. $7.50 a
term or $3 for four weeks.
Saturday Rates for Juvenile Class— Twelve
half days for $6.
Special classes —
Pottery— Twelve half days $6.50
Leather — Twelve half days 6.50
Basketry— Twelve half days 6.00
Bookbinding— Twelve half days 6.0O
Costume Design — Twelve half duys 6.00
Design— Twelve half days 6.00
Drawing — Twelve half days 6.00
Lettering— Twelve half days 6.Q0
Normal classes — Twelve half days 6.00
PRINCIPAL HOTELS IN CHICAGO.
Arlington 839 North Dearborn street
Auditorium 430 South Michigan avenue
Blackstone 636 South Michigan avenue
Briggs house 188 West Randolph street
Chicago Beach 51st street and Cornell avenue
Congress hotel 520 South Michigan avenue
Commercial hotel 538 South Wabash avenue
Continental 5 South Wabash avenue
De Jongne's 12 East Monroe street
Drexel Arms 39th street and Drexel boulevard
Eugewater Beach 5349 Sheridan road
Fort Dearborn 125 West Van Buren street
Gladstone 62d street and Kenwood avenue
Great Northern 237 South Dearborn street
Hotel Atlantic 324 South Clark street
Hotel Brevoort 120 West Madison street
Hotel Del Prado.59th street and Dorchester av«nue
Hotel Grace 75 West Jackson boulevard
Hotel Grant 6 North Dearborn street
Hotel Mayer 1154 South Wabash avenue
Hotel Luzerne N. Clark and Center streets
Hotel Metropole..23d street and Michigan avenue
Hotel Morrison 83 West Madison street
Hotel Randolph 177 West Randolph street
Hotel Sherman 106 West Randolph street
Hotel Windennere..56th street and Cornell avenue
Hyde Park 51st street and Lake Park avenue
Jackson Halsted street and Jackson boulevard
Lakota 30th street and Michigan avenue
LaSalle 10 North LaSalle street
Lexington Michigan avenue and 22d street
Lombard hotel 231 5th avenue
Majestic 29 Quincy street
New Hotel Gault.. ..Madison and Market streets
Palmer house 115 South State street
Planters 17 North Clark street
Plaza North Clark street and North avenue
Revere house. N.Clark street and W.Austin avenue
Stratford 75 East Jackson boulevard
Union hotel 72 West Randolph street
Victoria 332 South Clark street
Virginia Ohio and Rush streets
Windsor- Clifton 28 East Monroe street
Y. M. C. A 818-826 Wabash avenue
CHICAGO AVIATORS KILLED IN ACTION.
In a list of 150 American commissioned offi-
cers of the air service killed in action at the
front in France in 1918 were the names of
the following Chicagoans, with their rank.
address and date of death:
Bellows, Franklin B., 2d lieut., 1201 Ashland
avenue. Wilmette; Aug. 11.
Brotherton, William E., 2d lieut., 1318
Thorndale avenue; Oct. 10.
Fuller, Roswell Hayes. 1st lieut., care Fuller-
Morrisson Drug company; Sept. 28.
Garnsey Edward Grant, 1st lieut.. 2322 East
70th place: Oct. 29.
Goettler, Harold E., 2d lieut., 4630 Dover
street; Oct. 6.
Grider, John McG., 1st lieut., 800 The Tem-
ple; June 18.
Gundelach, Andre A. H.. 1st lieut., 1619 Ber-
wyn avenue; Sept. 14.
Harris. David B.. 2d lieut., 5315 Dorchester
avenue; Sept. 27.
Kull, George F.. 1st lieut.. 4212 Kenmore
avenue; Sept. 14.
Manier, Emmet M., 1st lieut., 2017 Prairie
avenue; Oct. 2.
878
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1'
I"
FOREST PRESERVES OF COOK COUNTY.
Map indi<?atin«r location of principal tracts acquired ui> to Nov. 1. 1919.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
879
FOREST PRESERVE DISTRICT OF COOK COUNTY.
COMMISSIONERS.
The commissioners of Cook county by virtue
of their office also serve as commissioners of
the forest preserve district of Cook county,
authorized by an act of the legislature ap-
proved June 27. 1913. and adopted by a ref-
erendum vote Nov. 3, 1914. The commission-
ers Aug. 1. 1919. were: Peter Reinb?rg. presi-
dent: John Budinger. Bartley Burg, William
Busse. Joseph Carolan. Joseph M. Fitzgerald.
Charles N Goodnow. William H. Maclean. Rob-
ert W. McKinlay. George A. Miller. Albert No-
wak, Dudley D. Piersqn. Daniel Ryan. Emmett
Whealan, Frank J. Wilson.
OFFICERS.
President— Peter Reinberg.
Secretary— William J. Gormley.
Comptroller — Joseph L. Gill.
Treasurer— Oscar F. Mayer.
Chief Attorney— Adolph D. Weiner.
Real Estate Agent— Henry P. Kransz.
Chief Forester— Ransom E. Fennicott.
Chief Engineer — Emmett J. Flavin.
FOREST PRESERVE PROPERTY.
The forest preserve district of Cook county
on Sept. 1. 1919, held title to 15.000 acres in
the district. Some details as to the various
preserves follow:
Deer Grove Preserve — 1.150 acres of hilly
wooded land: 850 acres set aside and fenced
pioneers in Indian days; Badek tract, another
favorite Indian haunt.
Thatcher Park Preserve — Contains also Steele
tract; preserve consists of hundreds of acres
of oak and maple forest.
Salt Creek Valley Preserve— On both banks
of Salt creek from the Des Plaines river to
the west county line; picturesque river valley
with splendid timber land.
Beverly Hills Preserve— Promontory of rock
on the south side long used as picnic grounds.
Palos Hills Preserve — Contains more than
7.000 acres of hilly forest land extending
along the drainage canal and back into the
Sag district.
Chicago Heights Preserve— Forest tract with
small bodies of water and streams: located at
junction of Lincoln and Dixie highways.
Thornton and Glenwood Preserves— Adjoining
tracts: fine forest land; said to have been site
of a battle between Americans and British
in the revolutionary war.
There are also preserves in Hegewisch. South
Chicago, Chicago Heights and Edgebrook.
Some of the tracts have been improved with
paths, roads, wells, fountains, shelter houses,
parking spaces and comfort stations, also dams
and artificial lakes.
On account of the growing popularity of
golf, the board expects to open for_the public
Elk Grove Preserve— 1.600 acres of virgin
timber land: has lily ponds and bird refuges.
Des Plaines River Valley Preserve— 667 acres
(Wheeling tract) : old grove portage of Indian
days and scene of reception given Father
Marquette. French explorer, who surprised the
Pottawattomie Indians here— the white man's
first visit to Cook county. 1673; Northwestern
park tract, extending from the town of Des
Plaines to Higgins road, containing tracts of
natural forests and sites of half a dozen In-
dian villages.
North Branch Chicago River Valley Pre-
serve— Includes Indian reservation. Forest Glen.
Turnbull, Badek and Glenview tracts: Indian
reservation contains all the forest land award-
ed to Billy Caldwell, the old Indian chief:
Turnbull tract contains old Turnbull home-
stead, established by one of Cook county's
All of the forest preserves may be reached
by automobile and many of them by street
car or railroad. The accompanying map will
show in what direction they lie from the cen-
tral part of the city.
During the months of May. June, July, Au-
gust and September. 1919. approximately 1.-
200 permits were issued for picnic and en rap-
ing purposes, giving an idea of the extent to
which the preserves are used by the public,
which however, does not include single visitors
or family gatherings. The records show the
following attendance:
May 40,450
June 90.721
July 125:641
August 161.422
September 120,143
Total 538,377
CHICAGO BRIDGE SYSTEM.
The first ferry across the river was estab-
lished in 1829. where the Lake street bridge
now is. In 1833 a floating bridge of logs was
in operation just north of the present Ran-
dolph street bridge. A foot bridge over the
north branch was built in 1832 at Kinzie
etreet. The first drawbridge over the main
branch of the river was placed at Dearborn
street in 1834. In 1854 a pivot bridge was
power was installed on the Dearborn street
structure and later most of the other bridges
in the downtown section were similarly
equipped. In 1895 the Rush. Lake and Van
Buren street bridges were operated by electric
motors. The last named structure, which was
opened for traffic in that year, was the first
of the Scherzer rolling type. The Halsted
street lift bridge, the first and only one of its
built at Clark street. These and other bridges j kind, was opened in 1894 and was operated by
of that time were built by the persons most | steam. It cost the city S242.880.
directly benefited by them. It was not until j In 1919 Chicago had forty-four bridges with
1857 that a bridge was built entirely at the movable spans and thirty with fixed spans,
city's expense. This was the structure over I There were also thirty-nine viaducts and eight
the south branch at Madison street. It cost | foot bridges. Most of the movable bridges
830.000. Until 1872 the swing bridges were : are operated by electricity. The bridges and
turned by hand, but in the year named steam viaducts had a value of more than 85,000,000.
Year.
1897...
1898...
1899...
1900...
1901...
1902...
1903...
1904...
CF
Number of bui
Buildings. Cost..
. : 5,294 $21. 777.230
.. 4,067 21.2ft4.325
. . 3.794 20.856.750
.. 3,554 19.100.050
.. 6.053 34.962.075
.. 6,074 48.070.399
.. 6.221 37.447.175
.. 7,151 44,724,790
riCAGO BUILDING STATISTIC
dings erected since 1894. with
Year. Buildings. Cost.
1905 . . 8.442 863 970 950
1906... .10,629 64.822.030
1907... . 9,353 59.093.080
1908... .10,771 68.203.920
1909... .11.241 90.559.58O
1910 11.409 96.932.700
1911 11.106 105.269.700
1912 11,325 88.786,960
8.
estimated cost.
Year. Buildings. Cost.
1913 10.792 889668427
1914 9.938 83.2611710
1915 10.340 97.091.480
19JR 10.277 112,835.150
1917 4.938 64.244.450
1918 2 529 34 792 200
1919* 5,531 77.647,100
•First ten months.
880
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Daily News 1'boto.
J. J. GARRITY.
Chief of Police.
[;'*•
m
W aimger . hoto. Rembrandt Photo.
WILLIAM H. REID. HENRY STUCKART,
Public Service Comm'r. City Treasurer.
CHICAGO CITY OFFICIALS.
Moffett I'hoto.
S. A. ETTELSON,
Cornorntion f'onnsol
P. S.M COMBS,
City Engineer.
Moffett Photo.
WILLIAM HALE THOMPSON,
Mayor.
Morrison I'hoto.
M. J. FAHERTY,
Pres. Bd. Local Imp.
DR. JOHN D. ROB-
ERTSON,
Health Commissioner.
Motiett l-h. to
WM. G. KEITH,
Com. Gas and Elec.
GEO. F. HARDING.
Comptroller.
Dailj News Photo.
THOMAS O'CONNOR.
Fire Marshal.
Koebne fbotu.
CHARLES R. FRANCIS.
Comm'r Public Works.
WM. H. WESBEY,
City Collector.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
881
CHICAGO CITY OFFICIALS.
Heads of departments, assistants, chief clerks
and other employes. Their offices unless other-
wise specified are open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
MAYOR'S OFFICE.
Room 507 city hall. Hours 9:30 a. m. to 1
p. m.
Mayor— William Hale Thompson, R.
Private Secretary— Charles C. Fitzmorris, D.
1 Duties — The mayor presides over meeting's of
the city council, approves or vetoes the acts
* of that body, appoints all nonelectiye city
• officials, sees that all the laws and ordinances
' are faithfully executed, issues and revokes
licenses and exercises a general supervision
. over all Hie various subordinate departments
of the city government.
THE CITY COUNCIL (1919-1920).
Presiding Officer— Mayor William Hale Thomp-
son.
City Clerk— James T. Igoe, D.
Chiet Clerk— Edward J. Padden.
Sergeant-at-Arms— William F. Harrah.
Ward. Aldermen.
I.Michael Kenna. D 307 S. Clark-st.
John J. Coughlin. D H7 N. LaSalle-st.
2. Robert R. Jackson, R 3300 S. State-st.
L. B. Anderson. R.508. 184 W. Wash'ton-st.
3.U. S. Schwartz. D 906. 6 N. Clark-st.
John H. Passmore. R....1652 S. LaSalle-st.
4. John A. Richert. D 2603 S. Halsted-st.
Timothy A. Hogan, D 3023 Throop-st.
5. Robert J. Mulcahy. D 1741 W. 33d-st.
Josenh B. McDonough. D..538 W. 37th-st.
0. Charles S. Eaton. R..500, 35 N. Dearborn
Alex. A. McCormick. R.954, 209 S. LaSalle
7. Guy Guernsey, R..1515 Harris Trust bldg.
Wm. R. Fetzer. R.806 Title and Trust bldg.
S.Martin S. Furman. D..8745 Commercial-av.
Ross A. Woodhull, D..9103 Commercial-av.
9. Sheldon W. Govier. D.I 1350 FoTestyille-av.
Guy Madderom. R... 11030 S. Michigan-av.
10. James McNichols. D....1322 Washburne-av.
Frank Klaus, D 1334 W. 18th-st.
11. Herman Krumdick. D 1941 W. 23d-st.
Edw. F. Cxillerton. D.23. 154 W. Randolph
12. Josenh I. Novak. D...2401 S. Trumbull-av.
Anton J. Cermak. D..705. 139 N. Clark-st.
13. John G. Home. D 3230 W. Madison-st.
Samuel O. Shaffer, R..3916 W. Van Buren
14. Joseph H. Smith. D..2342 W. Superior-st.
George M. Mnypole. D 3339 Fulton-st.
15. O. H. Olsen. R..1905 City Hall Square bldg.
Edward J. Kaindl. D..2600 W. Chicago-av.
16. John A. Piotrowski. D..1459 Blackhawk-st
Stanley H. Kunz. D 1916 Potomac-av.
17. S. S. Walkowiak. D..1317. 139 N. Clark-st.
Stanley Adamkiewicz, D...1029 Milwaukee
18. Maurice F. Kavanagh, D.666 W. Madison-st.
John J. Touhy. Ind 1339 W. Adams-st.
19. James B. Bowler, D 1223 Taylor-st.
John Powers. D 1284 Macalister-pl.
20. Matt. Franz. D 1700 S. Halsted-st.
Henry L. Fick, D 319 W. Roosevelt-rd.
21. Earl J. Walker. R....1317. 139 N. Clark-st.
Dorsey Crowe, D 755 N. Dearborn-st.
22. John H. Bauler. D 515 W. North-av.
Math. Hibbeler. R 917 Center-st.
23. Walter P. Steffen, R 3153 Hudson-av.
Thomas O. Wallace, R 846 Center-st.
24. John Haderlein. D 1917 Barry-av.
James Dorney, R 2128 Sheffield-av.
25. Frank J. Link, R 430 Orleans-st.
Henry D. Capitain, R 184 W. Lake-st.
26. George Pretzel, R 3830 N. Hoyne-av.
William F. Lipps. R 2:180 Wilson-av.
27. O. L. Watson, R..405. 69 W. Wash'ton-st.
Edward R. Armitage, R..5826 Berenice-av.
28. Max Adamowski, D 2812 Fullerton-av.
Clayton F. Smith. D...1861 N. Leavitt-st.
29. Thomas F. Byrne, D....6743 S. Irving-av.
James F. Kovarik. D.5022 S. Marshfield-av.
30. William R. O'Toole, D....1048 W. 55th-st.
John Burns. R 519 W. Washington-st.
31. Terence F. Moran, D 5634 S. Ada-st.
Scott M. Hogan, R 912 Ashland block
32. John H. Lyle. R. 300-4, 108 S. LaSalle-st.
Albert J. Fisher, R 7157 Yale-av.
33. Albert O. Anderson. R....4323 Fullerton-av.
John P. Garner. R 5615 W. Lake-st.
34. John Toman. D 4141 W 21st-pl.
Joseph O Kostner, D.,1404 Independence-bd.
35. Thomas J. Lynch, D 602 Ashland block
John S. Clark. D 4259 W. North-av.
Standing Committees, 1919-1920.
Finance— Richert. Schwartz, McCormick, Fet-
zer, Woodhull. Maypole. Walker, Wallace,
Capitain. Lipps. Watson, C. F. Smith, Moran.
Fisher. A. O. Anderson. Kostner, Clark.
Local Transportation — Capitain. Schwartz, Mc-
Donough. Guernsey, McNichols. J. H. Smith.
Olsen, Walkowiak, Franz. Bauler, Wallace.
Lipps, Watson, Byrne, Fisher, Toman, Lynch.
Gas. Oil and Electric Light— Lynch, T. A..
Hogan. McDonough, Furman. McNichols,
Novak. Home, Walkowiak, Bowler. Walker.
Bauler, Wallace, Link, Pretzel, Adamowski,
O'Toole. Toman.
Railway Terminals— Lipps, Kenna. Schwartz,
Mulcahy, Eaton, Guernsey, McNichols, Cer-
mak. Home, Touhy, Bowler, Walker, Capi-
tain. A. O. Anderson, Kostner.
Local Industries— Fisher, T. A. Hogan, Fetzer,
Madderom. Klaus, Cullerton, Novak, Home,
J. H. Smith. Olsen, Bauler. Steffen, Pretzel.
O'Toole. Clark.
Harbors. Wharves and Bridges — Woodhull,
Kenna. L. B. Anderson, Gqvier, Cullerton,
Shaffer. Kaindl, Adamkiewicz. Kavanagh.
Powers, Hibbeler. Haderlein, Moran, Lyle.
Garner.
Judiciary — Cermak, Coughlin, T. A. Hogan.
McDonough. McCormick, Fetzer, Woodhull.
J. H. Smith. Kaindl, Powers, Crowe. Steffen,
Dorney, Link, Byrne. Kostner. Lynch.
Streets and Alleys— Toman. Coughlin, L. B.
Anderson, Mulcahy, Krumdick. Kunz, Adam-
kiewicz. Touhy. Fick, Crowe. Hibbeler.
Dorney, Moran. Lyle, Garner.
License— J. H. Smith. Coughlin, L. B. Ander-
son. Furman, Krumdick, Cermak, Kaindl.
Adamkiewicz. Powers, Franz, Haderlein, C.
F. Smith. Kovarik. O'Toole, S. M. Hogan.
Building and City Hall— Kostner. Jackson. Mul-
cohy. Eaton, Madderom, Klaus, Krumdick,
Piotrowski. Kavanagh. Powers, Fick, Crowe,
Hibbeler, Armitage. S. M. Hogan.
Schools. Fire and Civil Service — Clark, Kenna,
Jackson. McDonough, Madderom. Novak,
Home. Piotrowski, Adamkiewicz, Bowler,
Fick. Link. Armitage. Adamowski, Byrne.
Public Health— Fetzer. Kenna. Jackson. Pass-
more. Furman, Klaus, Cullerton, Shaffer,
Kunz, Kavanagh. Franz, Pretzel, Adamowski.
Burns. A. O. Anderson.
Track Elevation— Maypole. Coughlin, L. B.
Anderson, Mulcahy, Govier, McNichols, Shaf-
fer, Fick. S. M. Hogan.
Compensation — Watson, Richert, Kavanagh,
Lipps, Kovarik. Moran, Fisher. Garner, To-
m"n.
Parks, Playgrounds and Beaches— Govier, Jack-
son, Passmore. Piotrowski, Haderlein, Armi-
tage. Kovarik, O'Toole, Lyle.
Gas Litigation— Capitain, Richert. McCormick,
Olsen, Lipps, Lynch.
Police— Steffen. Passmore, Eaton. Guernsey,
Furman. Govier. Krumdick. Cermak, May-
pole. Kunz, Touhy, Dorney, C. F. Smith,
Byrne. Burns.
Efficiency, Economy and Rehabilitation— Mc-
Cormick. Schwartz. Richert, Guernsey, Wood-
hull. Novak, Olsen, Walkowiak. Touhy,
Bowler. Franz. Walker. Steffen. Link, Pret-
zel, Watson, Adamowski, Burns, Fisher, A.
I O. Anderson. Clark.
882
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CITY CLERK'S OFFICE.
City hall, first floor, south end.
City Clerk— James T. Igoe. D.
Chief Clerk to City Clerk— Edward J. Padden.
Duties— The city clerk keeps the corporate seal
of the city and all city council documents.
He attends the meetings of the council and
keeps the journal of its proceeding's. Most
of the city licenses are issued through his
office. He is secretary of the board of trus-
tees of the firemen's pension fund. The
city clerk also issues hunters' licenses.
CITY TREASURER'S OFFICE.
City hall, second floor.
Hours — 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.; open to public
10 a. m. to 3 p. m.
City Treasurer— Henry Stuckart, D.
Assistant— Joseph Rushkewicz.
Chief Clerk— Albert J. Keefe.
Chief Cashier— J. C. Smith.
Duties — The city treasurer is an elective, char-
ter officer of the city of Chicago: he is also
school treasurer of the city of Chicago;
treasurer of the firemen's pension fund, pub-
lic school teachers' , pension and retirement
fund, public school employes' pension fund,
public library employes' pension fund, mu-
nicipal pension fund of Chicago, and house
of correction employes' pension fund. The
treasurer receives all moneys belonging to
the corporation, deposits the funds in bank,
keeps separate accounts of each fund or ap-
propriation. He is the custodian of the
taxes, license fees and all other moneys and
securities belonging to the various funds
of which he is the treasurer. All disburse-
ments of funds are made by the treasurer
on warrants signed by officials who are
designated by statute.
The legislature, by statutory enactments, re-
quires the city treasurer to render reports at
stated periods showing the condition of the
treasury of the city and the balance of money
in the treasury, and to make such additional
reports as the city council from time to time
shall require. For this reason and for the
further purpose of supervising and limiting
expenditures to the amounts appropriated by
the city council for each object and pur-
pose, the treasurer is by statute required to
keep the accounts of all funds or appropri-
ations and of the debits and credits pertain-
ing thereto. The city's books and accounts
must be kept open by the treasurer for in-
spection by the committee on finance and
all members of the city council whenever
information concerning the city's financial
affairs is required.
As school treasurer he is required by the
state school law to keep books and accounts
concerning the financial affairs of the board
of education, including a record of the
revenues collected from taxation or re-
ceived from ' the state common school fund,
etc., . and to make reports at stated periods
concerning the state of the school treasury
and the balance of money in that treasury
at the time such reports are made. His
books and accounts concerning school mat-
ters must be kept open for inspection by
the members of the board of education
whenever information concerning the finan-
cial affairs of the board of education is
required. His bond at the present time is
fixed at $2.000,000.
CITY COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE.
Room 501 city hall.
Comptroller — George F. Harding', R.
Deputy Comptroller — Louis E. Gosselin, D.
Chief Clerk— Roy J. Battis.
Duties— The comptroller is at the head of the
department of finance, of which the treas-
urer and collector are also members. He j
is charged with a general supervision over
all the officers of the city who take in or
pay out city money. He is the fiscal agent
of the city and as such has charge of deeds
mortgages, contracts, etc. He audits and
settles claims, keeps a record of persons
committed to the, house of correction, with
fines, etc.: keeps books relating to appro-
priations, makes the annual estimates, signs
warrants upon the city treasury-, etc.
PAYMASTER'S BUREAU.
Room 503 city hall.
Paymaster— John L. Healy.
Duties— The city paymaster has immediate
charg-e of paying- the salaries of city em-
ployes, including- school teachers and library
employes.
CITY COLLECTOR'S OFFICE.
City hall, first floor, room 107.
City Collector— William H. Wesbey R
Deputy City Collector and Cashier— George F
Lohman.
Duties— The city collector collects all license
fees, fees for inspections and permits, com-
pensation for franchises and vehicle tax;
collects on special assessment warrants:
transmits such payments to city treasurer
daily, receipts for which are filed with the
city comptroller.
CITY LAW DEPARTMENT.
Corporation Counsel.
Corporation counsel's office, fifth floor city
hall: telephone main 447.
Corporatipn Counsel— Samuel A. Ettelson
First Assistant Corporation Counsel— Frank S.
Righeimer.
Assistants— Charles E. Bombough, James W
Breen, C. W. Bidwell. H. Brouellet, B. A.
Cronson. Henry T. Chace, Jr.. Morton S.
Cressy, Eugene H. Dupee, G. A. Dahlberg,
Emanuel Eller, T. Ehler, George W. Ellis
A. O. Erickson, Harvey C. Foster, George P
Foster, Roy S. Gaskill, A. O. Galvin Leon
Hornstein. S. Hamilton, Benton F. Kleeman
George Kandilik. T. F. Kuflewski, Charles E
Peace, Dan A. Roberts, Gilbert G. Ogden,
Edward J. Smejkal, Harry Starr, J. Sullivan,
H. A. Tiffany, O. W. Ulrich, Edward H.
Wright.
City Attorney.
Room 602 city hall.
City Attorney— William H. Devenish.
Chief Assistant City Attorney— William Rad-
nitzer.
Trial Attorneys— Charles Ewarts, Henry J
Gibbs, Robert L. Campbell.
Assistant Trial Attorneys— Jerry M. Brunfield.
James Fleming.
Assistant City Attorney— Charles Holstrom.
Appellate Court Attorney— Robert H. Farrell.
Chief Investigator— William Stocker.
Chief Clerk— Age Zylstra.
Prosecuting Attorney.
604 city hall.
Prosecuting Attorney— Harry B. Miller. R.
Chief Assistant— Daniel Webster.
Chief Clerk— L. P. Piquett.
Assistants — Edward J. Lyons, Rupert Bippua
Harry W. Meneley. Charles Roloff. Francis
Day. Edward H. Luebeck. Alex Freundlick,
William Schulze. William L. Morgan. John
Bugee. Henry E. Ayers, Lewis C. Ball, Ernest
Kasischke.
Duties— The corporation counsel superintends
and with the assistance of the prosecuting
and city attorneys conducts all the law busi-
ness of the city; draws the leases, deeds,
and other papers connected with the finance
department and all contracts for any of the
other departments of the corporation: drafts
such ordinances as may be required of him
by the city council or its committees and
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
furnishes written legal opinions upon sub-
jects submitted to him by the mayor or the
city council or any department of the city
g-overnment.
CITY ENGINEER'S OFFICE.
City hall, fourth floor.
City Engineer— P. S. Combs.
Assistant City Engineer— V. S. Petterson.
Chief Clerk— W. J. Roach.
Duties — The city engineer has charge of the
construction, maintenance and operation of
bridges, viaducts and waterworks and per-
forms all such services for the commission-
er of public works as require the skill and
experience of a civil and mechanical en-
gineer.
In Charge of Divisions.
Construction— J. J. Versluis.
Operation — Frank J. McDonough.
Water Pipe Extension— H. L. Lucas.
Repairs and Shops— Col. Henry A. Allen.
Designing- — Maj. M. B. Reynolds.
Inspection and Testing— L. S. Marsh.
Bridges and Viaducts— Thomas G. Pihlfeldt.
BUREAU OF RIVERS AND HARBORS.
,3/ embers of Board Ex Officio.
Commissioner of public works, chairman; city
comptroller, city engineer, harbor master,
superintendent bureau of compensation,
chairman council committee on harbors,
wharves and bridges, chairman council com-
mittee on compensation.
Duties— Members of the board serve without
compensation other than their salaries as
city officials. They have the management
and control of all matters pertaining to the
municipal pier in harbor district No. 1 and
all other harbor utilities and appurtenances
when they are ready to use. The board keeps
books of accounts of such utilities and
makes an annual financial report to the city
council. It is required to promote the full-
est use and development of the pier and
other harbor utilities.
Superintendent of Piers — Hugo Krause. R.
Duties— The superintendent of piers is ap-
pointed under the rules of the civil service
board. He is under the supervision and
control of the harbor board and performs
such duties as the board may prescribe. As
his title implies, he carries out the rules of
the board relating to the operation of the
municipal pier or piers.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE.
Room 613 city hall.
Commissioner — William H. Reid, R.
Secretary— P. G. Nix.
Bureau Supervisors.
Transportation — R. F. Kelker, Jr.
Telephone— G. W. Cumminers.
Gas and Electric — Fred Abele.
Duties-7-The department requires all public
utilities under its control to comply with
the provisions of their grants. It investigates
such utilities and gathers information con-
cerning them: receives, investigates and ad-
justs complaints regarding service, rates,
products and other matters relating to the
health, comfort, safety and convenience of
the public, as affected by such utilities:
conducts tests of gas and electric meters
and makes reports to the city council. The
supervisor of transportation handles all mat-
ters relating to service and rates of street
car lines, surface and elevated, and all trans-
portation complaints. The supervisor of the
gas bureau handles the testing of gas meters
and matters relating to the gas service, rates
and enforcement of laws. The supervisor of
the telephone bureau looks after all mat-
ters relating to the telephone service and
rates. The supervisor of the electric bureau
looks after the electric light and power
service. The supervisor of the engineering
bureau makes certain property valuations
and prepares maps, charts, utility statistics
and engineering data for the other bureaus.
BOARD OF SUPERVISING ENGINEERS-
CHICAGO TRACTION.
105 South LaSalle street.
Secretary — Lucius H. Davidson.
Board No. 1.
Chairman — Bion J. Arnold.
Representing City of Chicago— F. L. R. Fran-
cisco.
Representing Chicago City Railway Company
and Southern Street Railway Company-
Harvey B. Fleming.
Representing Chicago Railways Company-
John Z. Murphy.
Board No. 2.
Chairman — Bion J. Arnold.
Representing City of Chicago— F. L. R. Fran-
cisco.
Representing Calumet & South Chicago Rail-
way Company— Harvey B. Fleming.
BUREAU OF WATER.
City hall, first floor.
Superintendent — William J. McCourt.
Chief Clerk— George J. Feser.
Accountant— James J. Dunn.
Cashier — Otto A. Dreier.
Chief Water Assessor— Thomas H. Byrne.
Field Assessor in Charge— J. J. Ward.
Duties — The superintendent of water has spe-
cial charge of the assessment and collection
of water rates.
BUREAU OF STREETS.
Room 408 city hall.
Superintendent— Felix S. Mitchell.
First Assistant Superintendent— Philip Q.
Rohm.
Second Assistant Superintendent— W. J. Galli-
gan.
Third Assistant Superintendent — Otto Ceder-
wall.
Duties — The superintendent of streets per-
forms such duties as are required of him by t
the commissioner of public works or the
ordinances of the city. He has special
charge of the streets, sidewalks and public
ways of the city and of the improvement
and repair thereof, except where such re-
pair or improvement is to be paid for by
special assessment. The first assistant su-
perintendent performs such duties as may
be required of him by the commissioner of
public works, the superintendent of streets
or the city ordinances, and acts as superin-
tendent in the latter's absence. The second
assistant superintendent has charge of the
cleaning of the streets and alleys of the
city, including the removal and disposition
of garbage, litter, dirt, ashes, offal and
other materials. He also sees that the or-
dinances relating to garbage, etc.. are en-
forced and that violations thereof are re-
ported for prosecution. The third assistant
has charge of the improvement and repairs
of the streets and alleys, except where such
repairs or improvements are to be paid for
by special assessment.
BUREAU OF SEWERS.
Room 409 city hall.
Superintendent — George E. McGrath.
Engineer in Charge of Benches and Grades-
William R. Matthews.
Inspector in Charge — Edward J. Hayes.
Principal Clerk— Ed Cullerton, Jr.
Duties — The superintendent has charge of the
maintenance of sewers, including cleaning
and repairing; issuance of permits for all
884
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
connections: approves plans for all new
sewers and gives final inspection and ap-
BUREAU OF MAPS.
Room 410 city hall.
Superintendent— John D. Riley, D.
Duties— Has special charge of city maps and
plats and all mstte-s pertaining- to street
numbering-, and is examiner of subdivisions.
BUREAU OF COMPENSATION.
Room V-15 city hall.
Superintendent— Henry V. McGurren.
Duties— Shall, under the direction of the com-
missioner of public works, have charge of
and receive all applications for permus to use
streets and alleys, or public grounds or any
space beneath the same; shall attend to all
matters connected with the issuance of such
permits: also act in an advisory capacity to
the committees on comnensrtion. local indus-
tries railway terminals and streets and al-
leys of the city council. The superintendent
is ex offlcio member of the Chicago harbor
board, which has supervision of th? munic-
ipal pier, and acts as secretary of that body.
BOARD OF LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS.
City hall, second floor, south end.
Members— Michael J. Faherty, president; David
W. Clark, vice-president; L. Withall, assist-
ant secretary: Oscar Wolff, I-ene Mantonya.
Superintendent of Special Assessments and
Secretary— Edward J. Glackin.
Engineer Board of Local Improvements— Cicero
Chief Engineer of Streets— Julius G. Gabel-
man.
Superintendent of Sidewalks— N. E. Murray.
Chief Clerk— T. Sullivan.
Duties— Making local improvements by spe-
cial assessments in accordance with the lo-
cal improvement act.
DEPARTMENT OF GAS AND ELECTRICITY.
Room 614 city hall.
Commissioner of Gas and Electricity— William
G. Keith. R.
Deputy Commissioner of Gas and Electricity—
* Henry Nixon.
Superintendent of Construction — Harry Leser.
Chief Electrical Inspector— Victor H. Tousley.
Electrical Engineer in Charge— J. C. Hail.
Electrical Operating Engineer— F. H. Snyder.
Chief Operator Fire Alarm Telegraph— Frank
W. Swenie.
Chief Police Operator— B. E. Thompson.
Chief Electrical Repairs— Jacob F. Mehren.
Chief of Fire Alarm Wires— Michael Hanley
Supervisor of Electrical Mechanics— Daniel F
Cleary.
Chief Clerk— John E. Bradley.
Duties— The commissioner of gas and elec
tricity has charge of the construction, op-
eration and maintenance of the municipal
street lighting system, the fire alarm and
police signal systems, the inspection of all
electrical installations, the registration of
electricians and the examination of mov-
ing picture operators.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS.
Room 406 city hall.
Commissioner— Charles R. Francis. R.
Deputy Commissioner — William Burkhardt, R.
Duties — The commissioner of public works is
the head of the department of public
works, which embraces the bureaus of en-
gineering-, streets, sewers, water, maps and
plats, compensation, architecture, city hall,
rivers and harbors, waste disnosal. parks,
playgrounds and bathine- benches. He is
also chairman of the harbor board, which
has jurisdiction over the municinal pier.
The commissioner of public works has
special charge and superintendence, subject
to the ordinances of the city, of all streets,
alleys, highways, walks, bridges, viaducts,
docks, wharves, public places, public land-
ings, public grounds, markets and market
places and public buildings belonging to the
city; of all works for the deepening and
widening or dredging of the Chicago river
and its branches, and of the harbor of eaid
city; of all sewers and works pertaining
thereto; and of the waterworks and col-
lection of water rates and fees for the use
of water or for permits issued in connec-
tion with the waterworks system, and of
all sewerage permits and licenses; the
awarding and execution of all contracts
for any work or public improvement not
done by special assessment, and the letting-
of all contracts for coal for use of any de-
partment of the city.
BOARDS OF EXAMINERS.
Suite 1008 city hall.
Board of Examiners of Stationary Engineers.
President— Edward F. Moore.
First Vice-President—Philip M. Gieseler.
Second Vice-President —Frank A. West.
Chief License Inspector — Henry G. McMahon.
Duties— The board of examiners of stationary
engineers is appointed by the mayor. It
consists of three members, all of them prac-
tical engineers and competent judges of the
construction of steam boilers and engines
and experienced in their operation. Th3
board examines applicants for licenses as
engineers and boiler or water tenders and
issues to such applicants as are found
qualified proper certificates; each certifi-
cate issued expires by limitation one year
from date.- An application for an engineer's
license must be accompanied by a fee of $2
and for a boi^r tende^ or water tender's
license by a fee of $1. Applicants are
required to pass by a percentage of 70
or more.
Board of Examiners of Plumbers.
Chairman (ex officio)— Dr. John Dill Robert-
son, commissioner of health.
Master Plumber— Charles K. Todd.
Journeyman Plumber— William W. Petrie.
Board of Examiners of Mason Contractors.
Chairman— Charles C. Stewart.
Vice-Chairman—William P. Crowe.
Duties— This board examines applicants as to
their practical knowledge of masonry con-
struction and if satisfied as to competency
issues license. License expires one year
from date of issuance. Original license,
$50; renewal, $25.
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS.
Room 702 city hall.
Commissioner— Charles Bostrom, R.
Deputy Commissionpr — Pobert Knight.
Secretary— Peter C. Hoey.
Duties— The building commissioner sees to it
that new buildings are put up in accordance
with the city ordinances, that old existing
buildings are brought into compliance with
the revised building ordinances, th.it fire
escapes are provided where needed, that un-
safe structures are demolished or repaired,
that safe exits are provided in halls, the-
aters and all other places of amusement;
has charge of the insnection of buildings,
theaters and signboards and the semi-
annual inspection of all the theaters in
Chicago.
DEPARTMENT OF SUPPLIES.
City hall, floor 3%.
Business Agent — James Rea. R.
Duties^The business agent buys all supplies
for city departments.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
885
BUREAU OF STATISTICS.
Room 1005 city hall.
City Statistician — John B. Strasburger, R.
Duties — The bureau of statistics being- in the
department of the mayor, the city statis-
tician does whatever work may be assigned
him from the mayor's office, and he sup-
plies data on municipal subjects to the al-
dermen and heads of departments when-
ever such are required of him. And he
renders like service to the general public
upon call or letter received, from any
person residing- in Chicago or elsewhere.
MUNICIPAL REFERENCE LIBRARY.
Room 1005 city hall.
Municipal Reference Librarian — Frederick Rex.
Duties — The function of the municipal refer-
ence library is to provide, arrange and
render available for the use of the members
of the Chicago city council, its various
committees and municipal department and
bureau heads, public reports and other data
bearing upon the legis'ative and adminis-
trative projects before them. All laws and
ordinances of other cities or states bearing
upon the questions before the city council
are secured and this material is analyzed,
indexed and prepared so that it will be
readily at hand. The library keeps on file
material of a local character bearing on
local questions and collects and compiles
statistical information relating to the ac-
tivities of all branches of the municipal
government. All reports printed or pub-
lished by the different governing bodies in
the city of Chicago or any of the depart-
ments or bureaus of the municipal govern-
ment are kept on file. The library pos-
sesses one of the most complete collections
of the charters and ordinances of domestic
and foreign cities extant in the United
States. A large number of municipal jour-
nals and magazines are received and an in-
dex is made of -all ordinances pending- be-
fore the city council of Chicago and other
cities. If any information desired is not
on file an effort is always made to secure
it as promptly as possible.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
City hall, seventh floor.
Commissioner of Health— John Dill Robert-
son, M. D.
Assistant Commissioner — G. Koehler, M. D.
Secretary — E. R. Pritchard.
Office Secretary— S. F. Manning.
Chief Bureau of Vital Statistics— M. O. Heck-
ard, M. D.
Chief Bureau of Medical Inspection— Heman
Snalding, M. D.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Medical Inspection
—I. D. Rawlings, M. D.
Assistant Chief Bureal of Medical Inspection
— H. O. Jones, M. D.
Director of Field Quarantine— H. N. Bundesen,
M. D.
Acting Chief Bureau of Sanitation— E. Vernon
Hill. M. D.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Sanitation — Thomas
J. Claffy.
Sanitary Inspector in Charge of Baths and
Comfort Stations — John M. Murphy, M. D.
Director Bureau of Foods, Markets and
Farm Products— Fus«ell J. Poole.
Chief Bureau of Food Inspection — James P.
Kilconrse.
Chief Bureau of Hospitals — W. K. Murray,
M. D.
Director of Laborato^v — F. O. Tonney. M. D.
Pit.v Physician— Clprp~f>o W. Leierh. M. D.
Dennty Tnsnector in Charge of Smoke Abate-
mpnt Division — Frank A. Chwnbw*.
Duties — The commissioner of health and his
assistants enforce state ]PWS and city ordi-
nances relating to sanitation and cause all
nuisances to be promptly abated. They
keep records of deaths and other vital sta-
tistics, investigate all cases of contagious
diseases and take all necessary steps to
prevent their spread, such as providing for
vaccination, disinfection, etc. The city
physician attends to all cases in the police
stations requiring medical attention.
POLICE DEPARTMENT.
Headquarters— Fifth floor cuy hall, north end.
General Superintendent — John J. Garrity
Secretary to General Superintendent— James M
Markham.
First Deputy Superintendent-^John H. Alcock.
Second Deputy Superintendent— Charles E Fra-
zier (tenth floor, north end).
Secretary Police Department— Si Mayer (tenth
floor, north end) .
Chief Clerk— Phil McKenna (tenth floor, north
end).
Drillmaster— John Bauder (third floor).
Chief of Detectives— James L. Mooney.
Custodian— Joseph Capp (third floor, south
end) .
Captains— Max Nootbaar, Thomas P. Cougrhlin.
John J. Ryan. Patrick J. Lavin. Thomas H.
Costello, Joseph Smith. P. J. Harding.
Thomas F. Cronin, James Madden. John E.
Ptacek, Thomas F. Mergher. John D Mc-
Carthy, Stephen B. Wood, Matthew Zimm«r,
Max L. Danner. James O'Toole. William W.
Cudmore, James Gleason. J. C. Mullins. Mi-
chael J. Gallery. William F. Russell, James
?r 1A11,man' Wesley H. Westbrook. Dennis
M. Mallory, P. J. Gallery. Morgan A. Collins.
John L. Hoeran.
Duties— The police department is charged with
preserving order, peace and quiet and enforc-
ing the laws and ordinances throughout the
city. Police officers have the power to make
arrests and to serve warrants. They are rs-
quired to assist firemen in saving property, in
giving alarms of fire and in keeping the
streets in the vicinity of burning buildings
clear. They are also required to take notice
of all obstructions and defects in the streets,
nuisances, etc.
HOUSE OF CORRECTION.
California avenue, near 26th street.
Superintendent— Joseph Simon, R
Deputy Superintendent— P. J. O'Connell.
House of Correction Inspectors — Frederick E.
Erickson, chairman: G. W. Halleman secre-
tary; George T. Moxley.
Duties— The superintendent has charge of the
house of correction under the supervision
and direction of the board of inspecto-s. en-
forces order and discipline, receives prisoners
and discharges them on order or on expira-
tion of sentence.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Headquarters— 105 city hall
Fire Marshal— Thomas O'Connor.
First Assistant Fire Marshal and Department
Inspector — Edward J Buckley.
Secpnd Assistant Fire Marshal and Chief of
Fire Prevention Bureau— John C. McDonnell
Third Assistant Fire Marshal— Arthur R. Sey-
ferlich.
Fourth Assistant Fire Marshal— Jeremiah J
McAuIifle.
Fifth Assistant Fire Marshal— Patrick J. Eg-n
Sixth Assistant Fire Marshal — Tames J. Costin.
Manager of Properties— John F. Cullerton.
Department Attorney — John R McCabe.
Office Secretary—William J. Short.
Drillmaster— Battalion Chief Daniel J. Car-
mndy.
Battalion Chief— 1st. William Dillon: 2d, Ben-
jamin O'Connor: 3d. Fr^nk Oswald- 4th
Charles N Heaney: 5th. Henrv Wendt: 6th!
Thomas J. Reynolds; 7th, Michael K^r-win •
8th. John P. Stahl; 9th. Pa'riok Rog-rs:
10th. David Mahoney; llth, John J. Cos-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
tello; 12th. Joseph L. Kenyon: 13th. Frank
Conway: 14th. Michael R. Driseoll: 15th.
James Ward: 16th, John F. Smith: 17th.
George H. McAllister: 18th. Edward F. Mc-
Gurn: 19th, James Crapo: 20th. Thomas P.
Kenney; 21st, Anthony McDonald: 22d, Wil-
liam H Miller: 23d. Eugene Sweeney: 24th,
John Evans: 25th. Michael J. Corrig-an; 26th.
'Auxiliary Battalion Chiefs — John Touhey.
Charles Persons. Richard Thomasius, Francis
Byrnes, Daniel Moore. Andrew Gillespie.
'Superintendent Insurance Patrol— E. T. Shep-
herd. 163 West Monroe street.
Duties— The fire marshal. has sole and absolute
control over all persons connected with the
fire department and has the custody of the
equipment and other property of the depart-
ment. The fire inspector investigates the
causes of fires and keeps a record of same.
The secretary keeps all books and papers of
the department and delivers to the city coun-
cil and other departments the written com-
munications of the fire marshal.
BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION AND PUB-
LIC SAFETY.
Headquarters— Room 603 city hall.
Chief of Bureau— John C. McDonnell.
Fire Prevention Engineer in Charge— Charles
W. Hejda.
Chief Clerk— T. J. Sullivan.
Duties— The chief of fire prevention and public
safety shall have the power and it shall be
his duty to enforce the provisions of all ordi-
nances of the city of Chicago which may
tend to prevent the starting or spreading of
fires or disastrous results in case of fires.
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONERS.
Room 610 city hall.
Commissioners— Percy B. Coffin, president: Jo-
seph P Geary. D.: Alexander J. Johnson. R.
Secretary and Chief Examiner— Harry E. Wai
lace. • i.V-u
Counsel— Hervey V. Foster.
Duties— The commissioners classify offices and
places in the city service, fix standards of du-
ties, salaries and tests, examine applicants
for employment in such offices and places,
certify to the heads of departments as re-
quired the names of those standing highest
on the list of eligibles, investigate charges
against employes in the classified service, re-
move employes for cause and check pay-
ments. Two weeks' notice by advertisement
of the time and pla«e of holding examina-
tions is given.
ELECTION COMMISSIONERS.
City hall, third floor, south end.
Commissioners— August Lueders. D., chairman;
Bernard Horwich. R., secretary; Frank X.
Rydzewski. D.
Chief Clerk — James F. Sullivan
Attorney— Colin C. H. Fyffe.
Duties— The commissioners fix the election pre-
cincts, provide ballot boxes, tally sheets, poll-
books and all other blanks and stationery
necessary in an election, select judges and
clerks of election, canvass the returns of
votes and. in brief, have charge of every-
thing pretaining to the registration of vote.rs
and the holding of all regular, special and
primary elections.
OIL INSPECTOR'S OFFICE.
Room 1013 city hall.
Oil Inspector — Hugh Norris, R.
CITY ARCHITECT.
Room 1012 city hall.
City Architect— Charles W. Kallal.
DEPARTMENT OF WEIGHTS AND
MEASURES.
Vault floor, city hall.
Inspector Weights and Measures — Morris Eller.
R.
Chief Deputy— William F. Cluett.
DEPARTMENT FOR THE INSPECTION OF
STEAM BOILERS. STEAM AND COOLING
PLANTS.
Room 111 city hall.
Chief Inspector— George E. Nye.
The postoffice and all other United States
department offices, except where otherwise
noted, are in the federal building, which stand?
on the square bounded by Clark. Adams and
Dearborn streets and Jackson boulevard. Post-
master William B. Carlile; room 358.
Appraiser's Office — Harrison and Sherman-sts.;
appraiser. W. H. Clare.
Department of Commerce— Room 629: radio in-
spector, Charles E. Kolster.
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce-
Room 504: K. L. Stancill, commercial agent.
Custom House— South wing, fourth floor: col-
lector John R. Ford (acting) : naval officer.
William Brown: special deputy naval officer,
Edgar C. Hawley.
Hydrographic Office— Room 528: Lieut. W. T.
Cooper in charge.
Immigration Bureau— Pontiac building. Dear-
born and Harrison streets: inspector in
charge. H. R. Landis.
Inspectors of Steam Vessels— Room 529: Wil-
liam Nicholas and John F. Hanson.
Internal Revenue Department— East wing,
fourth floor: collector. Julius F. Smietanka;
chief deputy. Thomas F. Russell.
Marine Hospital— Clarendon and Graceland ave-
nues: surgeon in command. Dr. J. O. Cobb.
Postoffice Inspector— Room 330: James E.
Stuart in charge.
GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN CHICAGO.
Railway Mail Service— Third floor, north wing,
room 308: R. S. Brown, superintendent.
United States District Attorney— Room 826:
Charles F. Clyne: chief clerk. William A.
Small.
United States Engineer — 537 South Dearborn
street: room 1201: officer in charge, Col. W.
V. Judson. corps of engineers. U. S. A.
United States Marshal— Rooms 804 and 806:
marshal. John J. Bradley; chief deputy. Mau-
rice Klein.
United States Secret Service— Room 881:
Thomas I. Porter, operator in charge.
United States Subtreasury— First floor, north-
west section: assistant treasurer, Robert I.
Hunt: cashier. Frank C. Russell.
Weather Bureau — Fourteenth floor: meteorolo-
gist in charge, Henry J. Cox.
SALARIES OF PRINCIPAL OFFICIALS.
District attorney S10.000
Postmaster 8.000
Collector of customs 7.000
Treasurer 5,000
Marshal 5.000
Naval officer 5.000
Internal revenue collector 6,000
United States engineer 6.000
Appraiser 4.500
(Meteorologist (weather) 4,000
CHICAGO CHURCH FEDERATION.
President— Dr. Herbert L. Willett.
First Vice-President— Judge A. E. Bradley.
Second Vice-President— Rev. William E. Barton.
Secretary— Wa.lter E. Mee.
Recording Secretary— N. Clarence Brown.
Treasurer— Thomas G. Bolger.
The Chicago Church federation in 1919 rep-
re?entPd thirteen protestant denominations and
700 churches.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
887
SALARIES OF CHICAGO CITY OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYES (1919).
The following- list includes the more im-
portant offices and positions in the exempt and
classified service except those in the educa-
tional department, which will be found else-
where in this volume. The salaries are those
fixed by the appropriatipn bill for 1919 and
are yearly if not otherwise specified.
Mayor's Office.
Mayor .. 818.000
Secretary 6,000
Clerk 2.460
Stenographer 2.100
Bureau of Statistics and Mu-
nicipal Reference Library.
Chief of division $3,000
City statistician 1.320
Library assistant 1,260
City Council,
Aldermen, each 83,500
Finance committee — Sec-
retary 4.200
Chairman 4.000
Examiner in charge... 4,800
Expert on system. 1 at 3.600
Efficiency examiners. 2 at 2,580
Efficiency examiners, 2 at 2,040
Accpunting investigator 2,100
Chairman terminal com-
mittee 3,600
City Clerk.
City clerk 87.124
Chief clerk 4,600
Reading clerk 3,000
Clerks 8960 to 2,460
Council secretary." 1 at 2,740
Council secretaries. 2 at 2.620
Sergeant at arms 600
Janitor council chamber 1,600
Law Department.
Corporation counsel. . . 810,000
Assistant, 1 'at 7,500
Assistant. 1 at 6.000
Assistants. 3 at 4.500
Assistants. 3 at 4.000
Assistants, 3 at 3.600
Assistants, 6 at 3.000
Assistant, 1 at 2,500
Assistants. 3 at 2.000
Secy. corp. counsel. . . 1,800
Atty. board local im-
provements 6.000
Assistant 5.000
Assistants, 2 at 3.000
Law clerk 2,400
Attorney civil service
commission 3,000
Transportation atty... 3.000
Water dept. attorney. 2.500
Clerks ....81.020 to 2,400
Prosecuting: attorney. 6.000
Chief assistant 3.250
Assistants. 16 at 2.000
Docket clerk 1.740
City attorney 6,000
Chief assistant 4.500
Trial attorney 3.600
Asst. trial attorney... 2.100
Asst. trial attorney.. . 2.000
Appellate court atty.. 3,000
Asst. city attys.. 2 at 1.800
Chief law clerk 2.400
Chief investig-ator 2.750
Investigators. 2 at. . . 1.620
Investigators. 10 at.. 1.320
Clerks 8660 to 2.400
Department of Finance.
Comptroller 310. ono
Deputy and city and.. 5,500
Chief clerk 3.8OO
Accountant, 1 at 4.200
Accountant, 1 at 3,300
Paymaster 3.600
Teller 2.340
Chief auditor 3,600
Tellers. 4 at 2.460
Investig-ator $2.460
Principal clerk 2460
Real estate agent 3, ($00
Engineer 3,300
City treasurer 10,000
Assistant treasurer 6.000
Chief clerk 4.200
Chief cashier 4,200
Cashier 3,000
v-jll^r 2,460
City collector 6.000
Deputy city collector. 3.600
Head clerk 3,000
Election Commissioners.*
Attorney for board 85,000
Chief investigator 2,620
Chief audito- 2,620
Ballot expert 2,620
Custodian of fllea 2,b20
•Paid by county. See county
salaries.
Civil Service Commission.
President $7,500
Commissioners, 2 at... 5000
Chief examiner 4,500
Examiners ...$1,600 to 3,000
Department of Supplies.
Business ag-ent $6.000
Head buyer 3,000
Storekeeper 1.860
Head clerk 2,620
Principal clerk 2.220
Department of Police.
General superintendent. .$8, 000
First deputy supt 5,800
Second deputy supt 6.000
Secretary to general su-
perintendent 3,000
Department secretary.. 4,200
Department inspector . . . 3,600
Inspector moral condi-
tions 2,220
Drillmaster 2,700
Custodian 2,040
Manager properties 2.700
Censors "movies"
81,560 to 1,740
Subordinate officers —
Captains, 27 at 3,300
Lieutenants. 83 at 2,500
Sergeants, 355 at 2,200
Patrolmen and policewomen —
First year, 3d grade.. 1,440
Second year, 2d grade 1,560
After 2d yr.. 1st grade 1,800
Policewomen. 29 at. 1.440
Policewoman, 1 at — 1,200
Detective bureau— Chief 3,500
Lieutenants, 4 at 2,500
Head clerk 3,000
Serg-eants. senior, 11 at 1,800
Sergeants, 545 at.... 1,900
Records section-
Identification insp 3.180
Assistant. 1 at 1,860
Department stables —
Foreman, of horses... 2,700
Hostlers, 24 at 1.440
Telegraph bureau-
Chief operator 2,340
Asst. chief operator.. 1,980
Police operators, 153
at .... 1,980
Ambulance bureau —
Chief surgeon 3.300
Surgeons, 32 at 1,680
Dog- pound —
Poundmaster $1,920
Kennelman 1,740
Dog catchers, 13 at.. 1,740
Municipal Court.
Chief justice 812,000
Associate judges. 20
at 9,000
Associate judges, 10
at 6,000
Executive to chief
justice 4.000
Assistant to chief jus-
tice 4.000
Assistants, 2 at 1.800
Auditor 2.600
Probation officers — Chief
probation officer 3,250
Probation officers. 16
at 1.660
Psychopathic laboratory —
Director of laboratory 5.000
Assistant 1,500
Doctor Morals court.. 3,000
Office of the clerk-
Clerk 9,000
Chief deputy clerk.... 4.000
Attorney ,. 5,000
Deputy clerks. $420 to 3.000
Office of the bailiff-
Bailiff 9,000
Chief deputy bailiff.. 4,000
Asst. deputy bailiff . . . 2,600
Attorney 3.000
Bailiffs ....$1,200 to 1,600
House of Correction.
Superintendent 83,600
Assistant superintendent 2,220
Medical superintendent. 3,300
Fire Department.
Fire marshal 88,000
First assistant 6,600
Second assistant 4,500
Third asistant 4,000
Fourth assistant 4.000
Fifth assistant 4,000
Sixth assistant 4,000
Office secretary 2,620
Veterinary surgeon 2.640
Battalion chiefs, 33
Captains, 164 at
Lieutenants, 168 at.
Engineers, 119 at...
Marine engineers, 9
A.S8t. engineers. 118
Stokers, 18 at
Firemen, 1st class...
Firemen, 2d class..,
Firemen, 3d class 1.440
Pilots, 9 at ...2.280
Fire alarm telegraph —
Chief operator
Supt. construction ..
Chief electrical repairs
Chief of wires _.
Operators Union scale
Fire protection and pub-
lic safety — 2d asst.
marshal, chief 4.500
Fire prevention engr. 3,SOO
Building Department.
Building commissioner. .$8,000
J>finuty commissioner .. 4.800
Bldg. insp. in charge.. 2.880
Office secretary 3,000
Architectural engineer.. 2,580
Building1 inspectors
$1,680 to 2,100
at 3,300
... 2,500
... 2,200
... 2,088
at 2,088
at 1,820
1.820
....1,800
.1,560
3,000
2,700
2.700
2,700
888
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Elevator inspector in
Elevator inspectors 1.680
Plan examiner, 1 at 2,040
Estimator ~-°A°
Structural iron inep... 1,860
Health Department.
Commissioner's office—
Commis. of health.. .$10.000
Asst. commissioner... 4,800
Secretary 3.000
Office secretary 2,860
Bureau medical inspection-
Bureau chief 4,200
Division of contagious
diseases—
Asst. bureau chief... 3.600
Quarantine director 3,500
Health officers.$960 to l.fiOO
Inspectors.. $1. 680 to 1,800
Division of child hy-
Asst. bureau chief.... 2,640
Division of school and
district nursing —
Supt. of nurses 2.280
Field nurses. Sri, 080 to 1,566
Public Baths and Com-
fort station —
Caretakers .$1,080 to 1,440
Contagious diseases hos-
pital—Supt 3.000
Senior hospital physi-
cians. 2 at 1.320
Isolation hospital—
Head nurse 1,200
Emergency hospital-
Medical superintendent 1,800
Bureau of vital statistics-
Bureau chief 3,600
Senior clerk 1,980
Medical clerk 1,980
Bureau of food inspection—
B\ireau chief 2.880
Supervising- inspector 1,920
Veterinarian 1.860
Food inspectors. 69 at 1,680
Inspectors.. $1.440 to 1,920
Bureau of sanitary in-
spection—
Bureau chief 3,800
Division of plumbing1
and sanitation—
Asst. bureau chief.. 2.800
Supervising- inspector. 2,220
Sanitary inspectors
$1,680 to 2,220
Ventilation inspector
in charsre 2.880
Laboratory— Director .. 4,000
Bacteriologist"
$1.440 to 2,640
Chemists ...$1,560 to 2,100
Bureau of Employment. Gar-
dens and Woodyard.
Supt. employment S3, 000
Assistant, 1 at 1.^40
Assistant. 1 at 1.680
Investigators. 3 at 1,740
City Physician.
City physician $4.000
Assistants, 2 at 2,300
Department of Inspection of
Steam Boilers and Steam
Plants.
Chief inspector $3.600
Inspectors ..$1,680 to 1.P60
Department of Weights and
Measures.
Insnector $^.600
Chi^f deputy 2.70«
Taximeter inspector 1,560
Smoke Inspection.
Smoke inspector $4.000
Deputy in charg-e 2,580
Mechanical engineers
$1,920 to 2,040
Department of Oil Inspection.
Inspector of oils $4.800
Chief deputy 2,700
Deputy, 1 at 1,860
Deputies, 3 at 1,560
Boards of Examiners.
Plumbers —
Members, 2 at $2,184
Mason contractors —
Members, 2 at 2,000
Engineers —
President and member 2,500
Members, 2 at 2,300
License inspector 1.920
Board of Local Improvements.
President $5.000
Members. 4 at 4.000
Supt. spec, assessments. 5.000
Chief clerk 3.800
Clerks, each. $1.200 to 2,460
Head accountant 3,000
Engineer of board 4,000
Chief street engineer 3.600
Asst. chief sewer engr. 3,000
Gen. street repair insp.. 2,340
Supt. of sidewalks 3,600
Asst. sxiot. sidewalks.. 1,920
City Markets.
Market master (Haymar-
ket) $1.080
Market master (M a x-
well) 1.080
Department of Gas and
Electricity.
Commissioner $8.00O
Denuty commissioner... 4,200
Chief clerk 3,000
Bureau electrical engi-
neering— Engineer in
charge 2,700
Asst. engineer. 1 at... 2.1GO
Fire alarm and police
telegraph repairs —
General Foreman
Foreman linemen
Foreman linemen. 5 at
Electrical rep airers,
22 at
Telegraph rep airers.
22 at
Batterymen, 3 at
Electrical inspection —
Chief inspector
Inspectors, 41 at
Inspector moving pic-
ture operators
Bureau of electric lights —
Foreman 2,400
Lamp repairers, 6 at 1,800
Lamp trimmers 1,800
Operation — Foreman
electric lights 2,400
Department of Public Service.
Commissioner $6.000
Secretary 2,620
Traction bureau— Trans-
portation supervisor 3.600
Schedule examiner... 2,040
Inspectors 1,440
Gas bureau— Chief tester 3.000
Testers ....$1.320 to 1,680
Telephone bureau— Tel-
ephone supervisor... 3.ono
Tnsnectors. 4 at 1,800
Electrical bureau — Elec-
trical supervisor ... 3,300
2.400
2,400
2,160
".* 1.980
2.160
1,500
3,180
2,400
1,500
Department of Public Works.
Commissioner's office —
Commissioner $10000
Deputy commissioner. 5.000
Chief clerk 4,000
Contract clerk 3,000
Head accountant 3,000
Bureau of compensation —
Supt. of compensation 4.200
Title searcher 2.460
Bureau of maps and plats—
Supt of maps 4,200
Chief draftsman 2,580
Sanborn map expert.. 2.580
Draftsmen... $1,380 to 2.040
Division of surveys —
Engineer 3,000
Assistant engineer. ... 2,580
Bureau of architecture —
City architect 4.800
Bureau of city hall —
Chief janitor 2,340
Electrician 2.280
Elevator operators,
per month 123.75
Chief engineer 3,300
Municipal Pier.
Superintendent $3,000
Principal clerk 2,460
Bureau of Parks, Public Play-
grounds and Bathing Beaches.
Offioe secretary $3.300
Parks, farm and forestry—
Senior park foreman .. 1.500
Tree foreman, per day 4.00
Laborers, per day 3.50
Foreman gardeners... 1.080
Playgrounds— Supt 2.700
Directors ...$1.320 to 1,500
Physical instructors...
$960 to 1,200
BP thing beaches —
Director in charge. . 2,040
Directors ..$1,320 to 1.440
Life gruards 1,320
Bureau of Streets.
Superintendent's office —
Superintendent $5,300
First assistant supt. .. 3.840
Second assistant supt. 4.200
Principal clerk 2.460
W->rd supervision —
Superintendents. 28 at 2,810
Superintendents, 3 at 2.690
Superintendents, 3 at 2.390
Street and public util-
ity inspection— Chief
street inspector 3,300
Inspectors. 15 at 2,220
Inspectors. 2 at 1.860
Gr>"hp£r» londingr stations —
Superintendent 2.460
Bureau of Waste Disposal.
Fo^pmpn reduction wks.$3.600
Assistant foreman.... 2,250
Bureau of Sewers.
Superintendent's office —
Superintendent $4.200
Assistant engineer .. 2.580
House drains — Inspector
in charge 2,220
Repairing sewers— Fore-
man bHckiayer 2,720
Foreman sewer pipe
yards 2,280
Bureau of Engineering.
City engineer $8.000
Assistant city engineer. 5.00O
Thief clerk 3,600
Testing division —
Engineering chemist.. 2.580
Assistant chemist 2.040
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
889
Division of bridgres —
Engineer of bridges. $5, 300
Engineer construction 3,300
Engineer bridge design 2,580
Bureau of Rivers and Harbors.
Harbor master S3. 000
Assistant harbor mas-
ters. 3 at 1,440
River service — Vessel
dispatcher 1,440
Assistant dispatchers.
2 at 1.320
Bridg-e operation —
Bridget enders, 149 at 1,440
Bridgetendere, 12 at.. 1,200
Bridgetenders, 91 at.. 1,320
Pumping Stations (Water).
Assistant engineer $3.300
Chief oper. engineers.. 3.300
Asst. oper. engineers.. 2,400
Firemen 1,680
Oilers 1,680
Lake cribs and tunnels—
Diver 2,580
Diver's helper 1,440
Crib keepers.81.620 to 1.780
Junior crib keepers,
each 1.380
Designing- division — En-
gineer §4,000
Engineers ..$2,100 to 2,340
Construction division —
Engineer 3,600
Assistant 3,300
Tunnel foreman 3,300
Water pipe extension —
Superintendent 4,800
Asst. superintendent.. 3,000
Asst. engineers, 4 at. 2.580
Principal clerk 2,460
Water meter shops — Gen-
eral meter foreman 2,700
Assistant foreman 2,100
Foreman meter shops 2,100
Municipal power plant-
Engineer 2,400
Bureau of Water.
Superintendent's office —
Superintendent $4,800
Collection division —
Principal clerk 3,600
Cashier 3.000
Teller 2.460
Assessed rates subdivision —
Principal clerk 2,220
Sen. clerks. SI. 620 to 1,980
Junior clerks$l,080 to 1,500
Meter rates section —
Principal clerk $2,220
Sen. clerks.. $1.620 to 1.980
Junior clerks. $1,080 to 1,500
Rate takers.$l,440 to 1,800
Assessor's division —
Chief assessor 3,900
Field assessor 2,460
Field assessors
$1,440 to 1,800
Shut-off section-
Shut -off men, 19 at. 1.200
Permit and map subdi-
vision—Senior clerk... 1,620
Draftsman 2,040-
Draftsmen, 7 at 1,620
Auditing division —
Accountant 2.46O
Senior clerks, 3 at... 1980
Senior clerks. 3 at.. 1,740
Junior clerks.$l,320 to 1,500
Public Library.
Librarian $7,200
Secretary 6.000
Assistant librarian .... 3.600
Supervisor pf branches 3,000
Division chiefs
$1,800 to 3,300
Others $600 to 1.740
CHICAGO APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1919,
CORPORATE PURPOSES FUND.
Mayor's office $29.765.00
Bureau of statistics and library. 7.830.00
City council 246.375.00
Committee on finance 54.820.00
Committee on transportation.... 2,500.00 |
Committee on g-as, oil and
electric lig-ht 5.000.00
Committee on efficiency, etc 6.785.00
Committee on judiciary 3,500.00
Committee on g-as litigation 85.000.00
Committee on streets and alleys. 300.00
Committee on harbors, wharves
and bridges 300.00
Committee on buildings and city
hall 5,000.00
Chicago plan commission 31.000 00
Committee on public health
Committee on police 5.000.00
Committee on railway terminals. 62.000.00
Committee on local industries... 20.500.00
City clerk 77.164.92
Corporation counsel 351,162.88
Prosecuting attorney 47,341.40
City attorney 73960.00
Comptroller's office 285.650.00
Comptroller's office: interest 920.000.00
Comptroller's office: miscell'ous 1,921.882.65
City treasurer 80,435.30
City collector 166,560.00
Election commissioners-^General 1,129.675.00
Cpnstitutional convention 225.9^0.00
Civil service commission. 74.420 00
Department of supplies 36.320.00
Department of police 9,402,623.12
Municipal court 1,000.896.00
House of correction — General.... 415.483.25
Farm colony 40.850.00
Department of fire 5.056.890.48
Department of buildings 140.025.00
Department of health 1,282.935.84
City physician 9,100.00
Oil inspection 15.96D.OO
Inspection— Boilers, etc 48.480.00
Dept. weights and measures 37.39140
Boards of examiners 27.688.00
Hospitals 20.000.00
Board of local improvements.... 871.533.04
Public benefits 776,324.72
City markets 2.235.00
Dept. of gas and electricity 2.257,878.00
Department of public service... 94,142.31
Department of public works:
Commissioner's office ..........
Bureau of compensation .......
Bureau of maps and plats ____
Bureau of architecture .......
Bureau of city hall ............
Bureau of parks, playgrounds
and beaches .................
Bureau of waste disposal ......
Municipal pier ................
Bureau of streets .............. 3,961,79000
Bureau of sewers .............. 476,604.00
Division of bridges and
viaducts ..................... $365.300.00
Bureau of rivers and harbors. . 569.270.00
$71.020.00
9.960.00
50,554.19
8,000.00
342.586.00
669,739.80
538,960.00
97.765.00
Total 34,618,483.20
RECAPITULATION.
Corporate purposes fund $34.618.483.20
Water fund 8,878.980.16
Vehicle tax fund 1.088.350.00
Sinking- fund and interest 6.785.017.68
Interest on judgments 598.888.06
Judgment funding- bond fund. . 9.500.000.00
School tax fund 28,575.750.00
Municipal tuberculosis
tarium fund
Public library fund
Traction fund ----
Unclaimed rebate fund .
Police pension fund
Firemen's pension fund
Municipal pension fund
Twelfth St. viaduct bond fund
Proposed bond issue appropri-
ations for Michigan avenue
and Ogden avenue improve-
ments
Health department bond fund
for completion of municipal
garbage reduction works
Waste disposal building and
equipment bond fund
Health department building-
bond fund — Baths
Health department building-
bond fund— Contagious dis-
ease hospital
Health department building-
bond fund— Contpgrious dis-
ease hospital, ward building
No. 2 . .
1.772.188.72
1,355.000.00
20,000.00
25,000.00
1.210 000 00
550000.00
496.793.50
1.200.000.00
7.000.000.00
18.262.23
403.972.18
54.288.98
97,083.12
267,713.03
890
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
House of correction bond
fund— John Worthy school..
School for Boys bond fund....
House of correction bond
fund — House of shelter and
farm colony
Public comfort station bond
fund
Michigan avenue street im-
provement bond fund
Police department building-
bond fund
$405.89
29.464.75
143.089.57
142.161.09
2.700,181.37
589,998.92
Municipal street lighting
bond fund
Bathing: beach bond fund
Bathing- beach and play-
ground bond fund
Fire department building: bond
fund
Harbor construction bond fund
Bridge bond fund
Total ._
Grand total .
$929.864.14
648.61
66,833.96
73.441.23
262.352.67
5.284.500.00
19.264.261.74
114,738.713.06
STREET LIGHTING IN CHICAGO.
The municipal street lighting- system of the
city of Chicago is the largest municipally oper-
ated system in the world. Electrical energy is
purchased from the sanitary district of Chi-
cago, generated at its hydro-electric plant at
Lockport, 111. Power is transmitted a distance
of thirty miles over three 44.000 volt. 3 phase.
60 cycle, transmission circuits mounted on
steel towers paralleling the main drainage
canal, and delivered to the terminal station at
31st street and Western avenue. From the
terminal station the electrical energy is dis-
tributed over 12.000 volt city underground
transmission cables to eleven city substations,
from which the distributing lamp circuits are
supplied and controlled. The investment in
transmission cables, substations, conduits,
wires, cables, lamps and equipment has a
present value of over $8,000,000.
In addition to the municipally operated sys-
tem, electric lights are rented from private
corporations to light those portions of the
city where the municipal system has not been
extended, also gas and gasoline lights are op-
erated under contract to light the less inten-
sively populated seqfions where the investment
necessary for electric lights would be uneco-
nomical.
The following table is a synopsis of the
lamps in service and the annual cash cost for
1917 and 1918:
, 1917 ,
Type of lamps. Lamps. Costs.
Flame arc. alternating current 6,595 $35.10
Inclosed alternating current arc 63 21.07
1.000 candle power 20 ampere incandescent 244 24.56
600 candle power 10 ampere incandescent — ; 15.203
600 candle power 20 ampere incandescent 2,992
250 candle power 6.6 ampere incandescent 102
100 candle power 4 ampere incandescent 56
100 candle power 6.6 ampere incandescent 8,900
Subway, municipal 1.323
Subway, contract 4,669
Flame arc, rented 1,311
24.90
24.13
12.09
5.60
8.22
6.0
22.70
25.95
24.12
27.40
15.00
9.36
Magnetite arc, rented 12
600 candle power series incandescent, rented 102
600 candle power multiple incandescent, rented 42
Tungsten, rented 87
Gas, standard 4 6.102
Gas, ornamental 1,514
Gas. double mantle 7
Gasoline 5,273
The following table shows the relative cash
costs of lighting the fcity during the years I Rented electric ... $145.622.06
1917 and 1918: Municipal electric.. 805,157.46
1917. 1918.
Gas $158.565.25 $148.317.61 Total 1,321.962.49
Gasoline 212.617.72 217,885.85 ' Cost per 1,000 d. 1. 14.03
09
7.08
76.69
64.19
61.49
69.30
23.31
20.54
21.79
30.68
40.33
1917.
1918 %
Lamps. Costs.
165 $32.72
40
247
14,911
9.495
30
4.661
8,762
1,323
4,599
1.235
lit
271
46
120
5,856
1.251
4.52
7.56
76.40
63.90
61.19
69.03
19.74
20.47
21.52
27.55
44.40
1918.
$152,026.36
764,941.80
1.283.171.62
13.95
56
4,907
GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS.
Shadrach Bond, Dem 1818-1822
Edward Coles, Dem 1822-1826
Ninian Edwards. Dem... 1826-1830
John Reynolds. Dem.... 1830-1834
Wm.L. D. Ewinp.* Dem.1834-1834
Joseph Duncan, Whig.. .1834-1838
Thomas Carlin. Dem 1838-1842
Thomas Ford. Dem 1842-1846
Augustus C.French. Dem. 1846-1853
Joel A. Matteson. Dem.. 1853-1857
Wm. H. Bissell.t Rep. .1857-1860
John Wood, Rep 1860-1861
Richard Yates, Rep
Richard J.Oglesby, Rep
John M. Palmer.t Rep.
Richard J.Oglesby. Rep
John L. Beveridge, Rep
Shelby M. Cullom.S Rep
John M. Hamilton, Rep.
Richard J.Oglesby. Rep.
Joseph W. Fifer, Rep...
John P. Altgeld. Dem...
John R. Tanner, Rep...
1861-1865
1865-1869
1869-1S73
1873-1873
1873-1877
.1877-1883
1883-1885
1885-1889
1889-1893
1893-1897
1897-1901
Richard Yates, Jr., Rep.1901-1905
Charles S. Deneen, Rep.1905-1909
Charles S. Deneen, Rep,1909-191G
Edward F. Dunne, Dem. 1913-1917
Frnnk O. Lowdon, Rep.. 1917-1921
*Served only fifteen days, com-
pleting Reynolds' term. fDied
in office; succeeded by John
Wood. ^Democrat after 1872.
^Elected United States senator;
succeeded by John M. Hamilton.
CHICAGO HIGH SCHOOL COLORS.
Austin — Red and white.
Bowen. James H.— Purple and
gold.
Calumet — Maroon and light
blue.
Carl Schurz — Purple and gold.
Crane. Richard T.— Crimson
and royal blue.
Curtis. George W.— Red and
green.
Englewood— Purple and white.
Farragut — Red and white.
Harrison Technical — Blue and
gray.
Hyde Park — Blue and white.
Jefferson — Pnrple and gold.
Lake— Old blue and gold.
Lake View— Red and white.
Lane Technical — Myrtle green
and old gold.
Marshall— Maroon and old gold.
McKinley — Orange and black.
Medill— Maroon and white.
Phillips, Wendell— Red- and
black.
?enn — Green and white.
South Chicago — Purple and
trold.
Tuley — Old gold and blue.
Waller, Robert A.— Royal blue
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
891
FINANCES OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO (1918).
[From annual report of Comptroller Eugene R. Pike.]
GENERAL BALANCE SHEET.
Dec. 31. 1918.
Assets.
Cash with treasurer $39.151,326.34
Cash with departments 20,75000
Taxes for collection 39,285,679.86
Warrants for collection
Collections being- transmitted.,
Interest on deposits
Cash capital accounts ,
Material capital accounts ,
Deposit Com. Edison Co
Judgments
Juror's certificate paid
Adjustment due
Liberty loan bonds.
1.042.922.19
569.028.35
442,971.85
865.834.74
1,161.115.13
11.821.43
5,988.76
3.50
4,010.14
761 635.00
Unsold bonds ., 11,389,500.00
Total 94,712,587.29
Contingent - assets 16.591,552.71
Fixed assets 214,769.758.75
Grand total 326,073,898.75
Liabilities.
Vouchers audited ., .... 10.581,043.88
Loss in collection taxes
Tax warrants outstanding-
Accrued interest
Due beneficiary funds
Reserve
Certificates indebtedness
Judgments
Excess current assets
2,207,250.24
16,837,500.00
281,673.51
18,484.96
5,873.31
500.000.00
4,943.05
64,275,818.31
Total 94,712.587.29
Excess contingent assets 16.591.552.71
Deferred liabilities 53.146,903.07
Excess fixed assets 161,622.855.68
Grand total 326.073,898.75
CORPORATE PURPOSES FUND.
Revenue.
Taxes— Corporate $11,910.401.58
Less reserve -for loss \ 714,624.09
11,195,777.49
Miscellaneous .. 11,533,124.85
Playground purposes 401.046.58
Unclaimed rebate 144, 377. 22
Sinking fund for bonds 1.459,951.80
Sinking fund for interest 34,633.40
Vehicle tax fund 1,277.821.3}
Deposits street railways 14.764.16
Payment of judgments 329,502.48
Proceeds of bonds-
Judgment funding 95 82
Police dept. building 57,195.33
House of shelter 109,370.00
Fire dept. building 55.178.05
Health dept. building 19.215.2(5
Health dept. hospitals 514.227.74
Comfort station 7.965.71
Mich. Ave. improvement 3,504.510.81
Munic. street lighting- 1.141.552.63
School for -boys 214,891.50
Bathing beach 7.25
Beach and playground... 27,6 '0.91
Garbage reduction work 3.23110
Waste disposal 272,68961
Harbor construction 40. 859.7:
Bridge 445,930.26
Total revenue 32.805,561.13
Expense.
Operating ... 23,464.375.75
Repairs and renewals 2,652,569.5;}
Interest 3.933.407.80
Construction 6,460.974.45
Judgments paid 444.313.10
Total expense 34,955.640.6">
Excess of expense .. 2,150.079.52
WATER.
Revenue.
Ordinary $7.625,134.54
Extraordinary 7.60
Total ........................ 7.625.142.14
3.853,942.36
779.0
Operation
Repairs and renewals .......... 779.057.6
Interest ........................ 25,631.89
Construction ................... 2.171.212.47
Redemption certificates ........ 57.752.85
Judgments paid ................ 14,287.00
Investments ... ................. 25.000.00
Total expense 6.926.884.25
Excess of revenue 698,267.89
SCHOOLS.
Revenue.
Taxes $17,649,049.61
Less reserve for loss 1.058.942.97
Miscellaneous 3.788.952.22
Total revenue 20,379.058.86
Expense.
Interest on tax warrants 95,567.33
Other expense 23,372.683.58
Total expense
Excess of expense ,
23.468,250.91
.... 3,089,192.05
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Revenue.
Taxes $866.211.03
Less reserve for loss 51,972.66
Miscellaneous 5,957.23
Total revenue 820,195.60
Operating- . . .
Interest
Repairs
Increase of library .
Total expense
Excess of revenue
Expense.
534.125.36
1,974.60
45.002.29
107.209.89
688,312.14
131.883.46
TUBERCULOSIS SANITARIUM.
Revenue.
Taxes $1.015.200.00
Miscellaneous 19.865.74
Total revenue 1,035,065.74
Expense.
Operation 944,423.55
Repairs 26,697.50
Construction 151.903.27
Total expense 1.123.024.32
Excess of expense 87,953.58
- SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS.
Receipts $13. °52. 795.42
Expenditures 14.353.264.31
Excess expenditures
SUMMARY
Funds. R
Corporate ..
Tributary
Waterworks
Schools
Public library.
Sanitarium ...
Fund for bonds
Special
ments
1,100,468.89
FUNDS.
R^vnne Expense.
$22.728.902.34 $24.878,981.86
21,911.764.82 10,092.421.26
7,625.142.14
20,379.058.86
820,195.60
1,035.065.74
3,731,316.38
6,901.884.25
22. 700. 615.91
688.312.14
1.123,024.32
3,798.386.38
13.252.795.42 14.353.264.31
Totals . .. 91,484,241.30 84,542,890.42
892
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
VEHICLE TAX FUND (1918).
Verenue.
Balance. Jan. 1. 1918 $233.909.47
Vehicle tax license 1,130,764.12
Interest on funds !f'2£§-§!
Miscellaneous 28.506.86
Total revenue 1,406,229.78
Expense.
Repair of streets ZooTroZ
Miscellaneous 5o2.34t ,.ob
Total expense 1,277,821.33
FIXED ASSETS OF CHICAGO (1918).
Corporate Purposes.
Real estate
Buildings
Equipment
Bridges, viaducts, etc
Miscellaneous
Wharfing-
$3.350,453 40
18,811,949 33
17.597 298 53
6.600.280.52
572,668.49
21,247.04
Total .......................... 46,953,897.31
Real estate 5C*°°?!:.. . 13.442.9-1.14
Building and "equipment ...... 6°^,033.70
Real estate, school fund ....... 10.679.875.94
Total .......................... 81,958,880.78
Public Library.
Real estate 14,750.00
e -
Equipment ...................... .
Total .......................... 3,240,208.90
Waterworks.
Real estate ......... 1,191,193.02
Eouioment
,
8,710.777.45
61.027,796.53
Total ........................... 77,093,245.04
Tuberculosis Sanitarium.
Real estate .................. 322.661.30
Building ...................... 1.993,052.19
Equipment ...................... 207,81323
Total .......................... 2.523,526.72
Summary.
Corporate purposes ..... ....... 46,953,897.31
Schools ...... .................. 81.958.880.78
Public library .................. 3.240.208.90
Waterworks .................... 77.093.245.04
Tuberculosis sanitarium ...... 2,523,526.72
Total 211,769,758.75
STATEMENT OF CHICAGO'S DEBT.
Constitutional debt incurring: power and limita-
tion Dec. 31. 1918.
Refunding bonds S3.489. 200.00
Bonds of original issue 31,919.500.00
Gross funded debt 35.408.700.00
World's Fair bonds, exempt .. 2.626,000.00
Funded debt. nonex,3mpt. . .. 32,782,700.00
Less cash in sinking funds. . .. 596,804.12
Total constitutional debt. . .. 32.185.895.88
Added debt 7.8^3.0->4.91
Total constitutional debt 40,068.950.79
Debt incurring- power 54.138.189.00
Power not exercised 11,389.500.00
FUNDED DEBT DEC. 31. 1918.
Bonds. Interest. Amount.
Municipal .°>M. $730.^00.00
Municipal. Morgan Park.... 4% 5,00000
World's Fair 4 2,626,000.00
Judgment funding 4 2.159.000.00
Judgment funding 4% 147.000.00
Permanent improvement.... 4 816.000.00
General corporate 4 600.000.00
General corporate 4 5,519.000.00
General corporate 4% 49600000
City hall 4 2.580,000.00
Sower refunding 4 684,000.00
Health Dept. building 4 66100000
Bathing beach 4 $46800000
Bridge 4 2,665.000.00
Harbor construction 4 3.238. 700.0O
Bathing and Playground.... 4 455.80000
Fire Dept. building 4 543,00000
Contagious disease hospital. 4 391.300.00
Additional Cont. Dis. Hosp.4 420,000.00
Garbage reduction wonks..4 595,00000
Dormitory J. Worthy school. 4 51.000.00
House of Shelter for women. 4 82.000.00
Police department building. 4 447 000 00
River improvem't refunding.4 739.800.00
Water loan refunding 4 1,)130.400 00
Twelfth St. improvement... 4 1.290000.00
Michigan Av. improvement. 4 2,678.000 00
Municipal street lighting, ...4 2.428.700.00
Waste disposal 4 550.000.00
School for boys 4 208.000.00
Public comfort station 4 4.000.00
Total 35,408,700.00
CORPORATE EXPENSES BY DEPARTMENTS
Department. 1918
Mayor's office $29,074.18
Bureau of statistics 695723
City council 287.456.46
Committee on finance 27.889.29
Committee on local transportation 1.203.80
Committee on gas. oil and light.. 3,038.06
Committee on gas litigation 153,768.50
Committee on licenses
Com. on har. wharves and bridges
Chicago plan commission 10,000.00
Committee on health
Committee on railway terminals.. 18,112.20
Committee on local industries — 11.996.41
City clerk's office 64.182.10
Corporation counsel's office 270.453.41
Prosecuting attorney's office 45.752.11
City attorney's office 73,414.90
City comptroller's office 237.154.08
Dept. of finance— Interest 438.822.60
Dept. of finance— Miscellaneous... 255.037.25
City treasurer's office 58.328.19
City collector's office 132.522.33
Election commissioners 890,103.94
Civil service commission 61.238.05
Department of supplies 29.719.15
Department of police 7.815,142.35
Municipal court 879.262.70
House of correction 391,561.41
Chicago liquor commission „
Department of fire 3.759.279.88
Department of buildings 113.398.47
Department of health 1.144.182.89
City physician 6.129.24
Oil inspector's office 15.298.10
Dept. inspector— Boilers, etc 34.978.11
Dept. weights and measures 31.592.00
Dept. smoke inspection 27.368.74
Board of examiners 24.537.60
Hospitals 20.000.00
Department of public service 21.509.01
Board of local improvements 544.243.85
City markets 2.2-10.00
Department gas and electricity... 1,385.254.47
Department public service 74914.03
Commissioner public works— Office 6C.029.06
Bureau of compensation 8.555.41
Bureau of maps and plats 34.46o.88
Bureau of architecture 7.206.90
Bureau of city hall 261,447.28
Bureau of parks 126.252.49
Bureau of waste disposal 511.566.16
Municipal pier 72.528.46
Bureau of streets 3,383.649.09
Bureau of sewers 427.709.14
Bureau of ene:in»ering, bridges.. 189050.94
Rivers and harbors 350.925.53
Total ordinary 24,832. 473.41
Dept. of fin-^nc"— Miscellaneous.. 1,000.00
Department of electricity 3.165.23
Bureau of engineering, bridges.. 42.343.22
Total extraordinary 46.508.45
Grand total 24.878.981.86
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
893
RECEIPTS FROM LICENSES.
Description.
Acetylene gas— Sale ..................
Acetylene gas .........................
Amusement ..........................
Auctioneers ..........................
Bakers ................................
Bar permits ...........................
Bathing-, boating. fishing beach....
Billiards and pool ....................
Bill posters— with wagons ..........
Boats .................................
Bowling- alleys ........................
Brewers and distillers, ..............
Brokers ...............................
Carbonated waters— Bottlers of....
Cartridg-es and shells .................
Certificate of fitness— Dry cleaners
Certificate of fitness— Explosives..
Cigarettes
Deadly weapons
Delicatessen
Dog- registry
Drivers
"
1918.
?60/°,2
loO.OO
128,o32.44
2,283.00
,
26,378.75
1,620.00
24.00
1.796.25
22.500.00
59,175.00
2.928.5
SOo.OO
267,WO.OO
Dry cabaret ..........................
Dry cleaners ..........................
Filling stations .......... . ............
Garages ................ . ..............
Guns, powder and explosives .......
Hacks, cabs and coupes .............
Home for the aged ...................
Hospitals .............................
House movers .......................
Ice dealers ..........................
Junk dealers ........................
Junk wagons ........................
Liquors-Malt .......................
Liquors-Spirituous .................
Liquors— Vinous .....................
Lumber yards .......................
Meait food products ..................
Medical dispensaries ................
Milk dealers .........................
Milk wagons .........................
Moving1 picture films— Storage ....
Description. 1918.
Moving picture operators— Original $309.00
Mov. Picture Operators— Renewals 1,298:00
Natatoriums 30.00
Omnibus 370.00
Pawnbrokers 24,300.00
Peddler— Basket 310.41
Peddler— Coal 385.00
Peddler— Fish 105.00
Peddler— Hand cart 1.38J.25
Peddler— Oil 2.580.00
Peddler— Pack or solicitor 2.280.00
Peddler— Wagons 52.050.00
Peddler— Wood 380.00
Public cart— Horse drawn 4,576.00
Public cart — Automobile 14,100.00
Public horse drawn vehicle — Not
on stand 25.00
Public passenger automobile — on
stand 8,810.00
Public passenger automobile — Not
on stand 1,340.00
Rendering tanks 7,080.00
Restaurants 38.56250
Roofers with wagons 1,090.00
Saloons 4,187,683.58
Scavengers— Night 50.00
Scavengers— Offal 5.950.00
Scavengers — Private 3.600.00
Second hand dealers 22.425.00
Shooting galleries 725.00
Slaughtering and rendering 10.500.00
Soap factories 1,650.00
Spotter 132.50
Stables— Boarding 470.00
Stables— Livery 810.00
Stables— Sales 775.00
Tanneries 1,200.00
Tickers 734.00
Undertakers 4.760.00
Weighers— Public 740.00
Workshop 7,634.00
Total. 1918 .. . ...5.476,402~07
2,127.97 Total, 1917 ...7,541,615.97
ia
190.615.00
oo.OO
6.920.00
i
15,037.50
1,950.00
11,760.00
,Z'J§S-R2
17.490.00
''
95,86o.OO
500.00
RATES OF FARE
Fixed by Chicago city ordinances. Sight-
seeing cars and autobuses having- a capacity
of eight persons or more not included.
/ Pates by Distance.
For first half-mile (or fraction there-
of) for one person ................. ...40 cents
For each succeeding quarter- mile (or
fraction thereof) ....................... 10 cents
For each additional person for the
whole journey ................ ......... ...25 cents
For each four minutes of waiting (or
fraction thereof) ....................... 10 cents
Waiting time shall include (a) the time dur-
ing which the taxicab is not in motion, be-
ginning ten minutes after call time at the
place to which it has been called: (b) the
time consumed by unavoidable delay at street j
crossings or bridges, and (c) the time con-
sumed while standing at the direction of the
No charge shall be made (a) for time lost
for inefficiency of the taxica>b or its operator,
or (b) for time consumed by the premature
arrival in response to a call.
II. Hour Pates.
For trip of two miles or more.
Car seating two persons, $2.50: minimum
charge for trip. $1.
Seating three to five persons, $3.50: minimum
charge for trip. $1.50.
Seating more than five persons. $4.50: mini-
mum charge for trip. $2.
Where the trip is for two miles or more and
the passenger at the time of hiring- any such
vehicle expressly elects, as such passenger may
do. to pay therefor by the hour, the operator
in charg-e of such vehicle shall supply the
FOR TAXICABS.
passenger with a card upon which shall ap-
pear the name of the owner, the name and
license number of the operator and the exact
time of the hiring: and the charge for such
service, in the absence of such express agree-
ment, shall not exceed the rates prescribed
above as the "hour rate."
The rate of fare to be asked or demanded
for such vehicles shall be determined in ac-
cordance with the time which the vehicle
is in use by the passenger or passengers en-
gaging the same.
In determining the seating capacity of any
such vehicle neither the operator's seat nor any
portion thereof shall be computed, but the
said capacity shall be determined by the num-
ber of persons which can be accommodated in
the interior or tonneau of such vehicle.
No charge shall be made for th- time con-
sumed in responding to a call or in returning
to the place from which such vehicle is called.
Baggage— Every passenger upon any public
automobile, autocar or other similar vehicle
shall be allowed to have conveyed with him
upon such vehicle, without extra charge there-
for, his ordinary light traveling baggage in
an amount not to exceed fifty pounds. A fee
of 20 cents may be charged for conveying- a
trunk.
Lost Baggage— Whenever any packagre, arti-
cle of baggage or goods of any kind shall be
left in or upon any vehicle licensed under the
provisions of this article, the operator of such
vehicle shall, unon discovery of such package,
baggage or goods, forthwith deliver the same
to the vehicle bureau, department of police, in
the city hall.
894
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
POINTS OF INTEREST IN AND ABOUT CHICAGO.
North Side.
Academy of Sciences museum in Lincoln park.
Cemeteries — Graceland. Rosehill, Calvary.
Fort Sheridan, near Hig-hwood.
Grant. Lincoln, Schiller. Goethe and other
monuments in Lincoln park.
Historical society library and collection. Dear-
born avenue and Ontario street.
Indian trail tree, near Glencoe.
Kinzie home tablet. Pine and Kmzie streets.
Lake Shore drive.
Lincoln park conservatories and zoo.
Municipal pier, foot of Grand avenue.
Newberry library, Clark street and Walton
place.
Northwestern university in Evanston.
Waterworks. Chicago avenue, near lake.
South Side.
Armour Institute of Technology, 3300 Federal
Art institute galleries of paintings, sculptures
and art collections: on the lake front, foot
of Adams street.
Auditorium tower. Wabash avenue and Con-
gress street: view of city.
Blackstone branch library. Lake avenue and
49th street.
Board of trade. LaSalle street and Jackson
boulevard: admission to gallery.
Cahokia courthouse on Wooded island in Jack-
Central Trust Company building, interior mu-
ral decorations. 125 West Monroe street.
Chamber of Commerce building (interior). La-
Salle and Washington streets.
Chicago Normal school, 68th street and Stewart
City hall". Washington, LaSalle and Randolph
streets.
Confederate monument in Oakwoods cemetery.
County building. Clark, Randolph and Washing-
ton streets.
Crerar library. 106 North Wabash avenue, 6th
Dougla's monument, 35th street and Ellis avenue.
Drexel. Grand and 55th Street boulevards.
Field museum in Grant park.
Fire tablet (1871). 137 DeKoven street.
Fort Dearborn site tablet. River street, oppo-
site Rush street bridge.
Grand Army hall in public library building.
Randolph street and Michigan avenue.
Great Lakes fountain, south end of Art insti-
Illinois Centennial monument, Logan square.
Iroquois theater fire, scene of, 28-30 West
Randolph street: memorial tablet by Lorado
Taft in Iroquois Memorial hospital, 28 North
Market street.
Jackson park, site of World's Fair in 1893.
Life saving station at mouth of Chicago river.
Lincoln wigwam tablet. Market and Lake
streets.
Logan statue in Grant park (lake front).
Marquette building sculpture panels, Dearborn
and Adams streets.
Marquette-Joliet cross, Robey street and drain-
age canal.
Masonic Temple: view of city from roof.
Massacre monument in 18th street near the lake.
Midway plaisance.
McKinley statue in McKinley park.
Orchestra hall. 216-220 South Michigan avenue.
Postoffice, on square bounded by Adams, Clark
and Dearborn streets and Jackson boulevard.
Public library, Michigan avenue and Washing-
ton street.
Pullman suburb and manufactory.
Republic statue — Jackson park.
Soutn Water street: commission house district.
StaHe street department stores: shopping dis-
trict.
Stockyards. Halsted and Root streets.
Tower building, Michigan avenue and Madi-
son street.
University of Chicago quadrangles, Ellis ave-
nue and 58th street.
Washington statue, Grand boulevard and 51st
street.
Wooded island in Jackson park.
West Side.
Ashland. Humboldt, Washington and Garfield
boulevards.
Northwestern railway passenger station. Canal
and West Madison streets.
Douglas park.
Drainage canal.
Garfield park.
Ghetto district on South Canal, Jefferson and
Maxwell streets: fish market on Jefferson
street from 12th to Maxwell.
Haymarket square. Randolph and Desplaines
streets: scene of anarchist riot.
Hull House. 800 South Halsted street.
Humboldt park.
Humboldt. Leif Ericson. Reuter and Kosciuszko
monuments in Humboldt park.
Illinois Centennial monument — Logan square.
Parental school. St. Louis and Berwyn avenuee.
Police monument (Haymarket), in Union park.
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF CHICAGO (7TH DISTRICT).
79 West Monroe street.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS (1918).
Class A — George M. Reynolds, Chicago.
James B. Forgan. Chicago.
E. L. Johnson. Waterloo. Iowa.
Class B— John W. Blodgett. Grand Rapids,
A. H. Vogel, Milwaukee. Wis.
A. R. Erskine. South Bend, Ind.
Class C— E. T. Meredith, Des Moines, Iowa.
James Simpson, Chicago, 111.
William A. Heath. Evanston, 111.
OFFICERS.
W. A. Heath, federal reserve agent and chair-
man.
James Simpson, deputy chairman.
W. F. McLallen. secretary and assistant fed-
eral reserve agent.
W. H. White, assistant federal reserve agent
and manager department of examinations.
F. R. Burgess, auditor.
W. A. Hopkins, assistant auditor.
James B. MoDougal, governor.
C. R. McKay, deputy governor.
B. G. McCloud. assistant to governor.
S. B. Cramer, cashier.
Clarke Washburne. assistant cashier.
F. J. Carr. assistant cashier.
K. C. Childs. assistant cashier.
J. H. Dillard. assistant cashier.
F. Bateman. assistant cashier.
O. J. Netterstrom. assistant cashier.
Frank R. Hanrahan. assistant cashier.
Frank A. Lindsten. assistant cashier.
A. H. Vogt, assistant cashier.
Bond Department.
D. A. Jones, assistant cashier.
Louis G. Meyer, acting assistant cashier.
Vanemin Lamont. acting assistant cashier.
Herbert G. Kaiser, assistant auditor.
DETROIT BRANCH.
Directors.
John Ballantyne. Detroit: Emory W. Clark.
Detroit: Julius H. Haass, Detroit: Charles
H. Hodges. Detroit: Robert B. Locke, De-
troit.
Officers.
R. B. Locke, manager and chairman of board:
J. G. Baskin. assistant federal reserve agrent:
William R. Cation, cashier: J. B. Dew, as-
sistant cashier.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
895
LAKE FRONT IMPROVEMENT PLAN.
NEW ILLINOIS CENTRAL STATION TO BE BUILT ON EAST ROOSEVELT ROAD.
On July 21, 1919, the city council of Chi-
cago passed an ordinance prepared by the Chi-
cago Plan commission providing- for the es-
tablishment of harbor district No. 3, the
construction by the Illinois Central Railroad
company of a new passenger station, the
electrification of certain lines of the Illinois
Central and Michigan Central companies with-
in the city and the development of the lake
front. It was estimated that the Illinois Cen-
tral would spend $110.000.000 for electrifica-
tion and the construction of the new passenger
station. The ordinance was signed by the
mayor on July 31.
The new harbor is to be built between 16th
and 31st streets extended into Lake Michigan.
Provision is made for the reclamation of sub-
merged lands lying east of the railroad tracks
for park and driveway purposes. Work on
the new station is to be begun within six
months >after the ordinance becomes effective.
The preliminary work of preparing for
electrification must be started within sixty
days after the ordinance becomes effective and
be completed within two years. The entire
suburban service is to be electrified within
five years from the expiration of the two
years mentioned, the freight service north of
East Roosevelt road within two years after
the suburban lines are electrified, the entire
freight service south of East Roosevelt roa»l
to the city limits within five years after the
freight lines north of East Roosevelt road
are electrified, and the entire through pas-
senger service within five years after the
freight lines south of East Roosevelt road
are electrified.
An outline of the benefits made possible for
Chicago by the passage pf the ordinance in-
cludes these:
1. Erection of largest passenger terminal in
world.
2. Construction of stadium seating 100,000.
3. Building of aquarium, rivaling New
York's.
4. Electrification of 405 miles of I. C.
tracks.
5. Harbor development with eight miles of
docks.
6. Reclaiming- of 1,500 acres '?f lake for
parks.
7. Water course five miles long: and 600
feet wide.
8. Depression of I. C. tracks nine to four-
teen feet.
9. Construction of five viaducts north of
Roosevelt road and seven south.
10. Freight facilities costing over $18,000,-
000.
11. Four bathing beaches accommodating
120,000 persons.
The passenger terminal will have fifty-two
tracks, ten more than the largest now in
existence. The station proper will conform in
design to the Field museum in marble a block
away.
The stadium will be in the city's front yard.
Grant park, with tunnels under and viaducts
over the tracks that easy access may be
gained.
OTHER FORWARD STEPS BY CHICAGO.
[By Edward J. Glackin, Secretary of the
Board of Local Improvements.]
In 1919 the board of local improvements
took steps to carry out many of the projects
of the Chicago Plan commission for a great-
er Chicago. The Michigan avenue improve-
ment progressed rapidly and will be open to
traffic by next May from Randolph street to
Chicago avenue. The total cost of this im-
provement, when completed, will be about
S13.750.000. In December, 1919 the as-
sessment roll was prepared and ready to file
896
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
LAKE FRONT DEVELOPMENT FROM ROOSEVELT ROAD SOUTH TO JACKSON PARK.
in the proceeding- for opening- Ogden avenue,
from Union park to Lincoln park. The cost
of this improvement will be about 85.000,000.
Public hearing's were held and ordinances pre-
pared and sent to the city council for the fol-
Icwi. improvements :
Widening- North and South Western avenue,
from Howard street to 110th street; cost esti-
mated at about 84,800,000.
Widening East and West South Water street
and River street, from Lake street to Mich-
igra^ avenue, and opening- a street between
Dearborn. Clark. Lake and East South Water
strr ts: estimated to cost about $7,600.000,
Widening1 West Randolph street, from San-
g-amon street to Ogden avenue; estimated to
cost about SI. 250, 000.
Widening- West Polk street, from Halsted
street to Canal street; estimated to cost about
$600.000.
The board's engineers prepared surveys of
the proposed following- improvements:
Widening- North and South Robey street,
from Montrose avenue to 95th street; esti-
mated to cost about $18,400.000.
Widening North and South Ashland avenue,
from Pratt boulevard to 95th street; esti-
mated to cost about $11,600,000.
The board paved about eighty miles of
streets and alleys in 1919, costing- about $6,-
000,000. Construction work was greatly re-
tarded owing- to labor conditions and the high
cost, of material.
The board expects to pave about 175 miles
in 1920 at an estimated cost of about $12,-
000,000.
Some 100 miles of sidewalks were laid in
1919, at a cost of about $650,000. and it is
expected that in 1920 about 200 miles of
sidewalks will be laid at a cost of about
$1,400,000.
About twenty miles of sewers were built
in 1919. costing about $600.000, and about
twenty-five miles will be built in 1920, at a
cost of about SI, 000. 000. A contract was let
and work started on the Aug-usta street sewer
system, which, it is estimated, will cost about
$1.000.000. A contract was also let for the
Crawford avenue sewer system, which, it is
estimated, will cost about $1,000,000.
MAYORS OF CHICAGO.
Their politics and order and year of election.
No. Name.
1877 ! 30. Roswell B. Mason.
31. Joseph Medill
32. Harvey D. Colvin.
No. Name.
Party. Elected. Died.
1.
William B. Ogden
.Democratic..
.1837
1877
2.
Buckner S. Morris
.Whig
.1838
1879
3.
Benjamin W. Raymond
.Whig
.1839
1883
4.
Alexander Lloyd
.Democratic..
.1840
1872
6.
Francis C. Sherman...
.Democratic..
.1841
1870
6.
Benjamin W. Raymond
..Democratic..
.1842
1883
7.
Augustus Garrett
.Democratic..
.1843
1848
8.
Alson S. Sherman
Democratic..
.1844
1903
9.
Augustus Garrett
.Democratic..
.1845
1848
10.
John P. Chapin
.Whig
.1846
1864
11.
James Curtiss
.Democratic..
.1847
1860
12.
James H. Woodworth.
.Dem.-Whig. .
.1848
1869
13.
James H. Woodworth.
.Dem.-Whig..
.1849
1869
14.
James Curtiss
.Democratic..
.1850
1860
15.
Walter S. Gurnee
.Democratic..
.1851
1903
16.
Walter S. Gurnee
.Democratic..
.1852
1903
17.
Charles M. Grav
.Democratic..
.1853
1885
IS.
Isaac L. Milliken
.Democratic..
.1854
1889
19.
Levi D. Boone
.Knownothing
.1855
1882
20.
Thomas Dyer
Democratic..
.1856
1862
21.
John Wentworth
.Rep. -Fusion.
.1857
188S
22.
John C. Haines
Republican . .
.1858
1896
23.
John O. Haines
.Republican ..
.1859
1896
24.
John Wentworth
.Republican ..
.1860
1888
25.
Julian S. Rumsev
Republican ..
.1861
188S
26.
Francis C. Sherman...
.Democratic..
.1862
1870
27.
Francis C. Sherman*..
.Democratic..
.1863
1870
28.
John B. Rice
.Republican...
.1865
1874
29.
John B. Rice
.Republican...
.1867
1874
Party. Elected.Died.
People's 1869 1892
.Citizens'f 1871 1899
..People's 1873 1893
Thomas Hoyne .Republican..
34. Monroe Heath .Republican..
35. Monroe Heath Itepublicau..
36. Carter H. Harrison, Sr. Democratic.
37. Carter H. Harrison, Sr. Democratic.
38. Carter H. Harrison, Sr .Democratic.
39. Carter H. Harrison, Sr.Democratic.
40. John A. Roche Republican..
41. DeWitt C. Cregier Democratic.
42. Hempstead Washburne.Republican..
43. Carter H. Harrison, Sr.Democratic.
44. John P. Hopkins Democratic.
45. George B. Swift Republican..
46. Carter H. Harrison, Jr Democratic.
47. Carter H. Harrison, Jr. Democratic.
48. Carter H. Harrison. Jr Democratic.
49. Carter H. Harrison, JrDemocratic.
50. Edward F. Dunne Democratic.
51. Fred A. Btisset Republican.
.1875
.1876
1894
1894
.1877 1894
.1879 1893
.1881 1893
.1883 1893
.1885 1893
.1887 1904
.1889 1893
.1891 1918
.1893 1893
.1893 1918
.1895 1912
.1897
.1901
.1903
.1905
.1907
1914
52. Carter H. Harrison, Jr.Democratic. ..1911
53. William H. Thompson. Republican... 1915
54. William H. Thompson. Republican... 1919
•Two-year terms fftr mayor began in 1863.
t* "Fireproof" ticket. JFour-year terms for mayoi
began in 1907.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
897
BANKS AND BANK STATISTICS OF CHICAGO AND COOK COUNTY.
$50.000; president. C. J. Wolf; cashier. C. J.
Busscher.
Adams State— 3945 West 26th street; capital.
J 50. 000: president. Joseph Klicka: cashier,
ohn T. Siama.
/Etna State— Halsted street and Fullerton and
Lincoln avenues: capital. $200,000; presi-
dent. A. S. Maltman; cashier, James Novak.
American State— 1825 Blue Island avenue; capi-
tal $400000; president. James F. Stepina;
cashier. Adolph J. Krasa.
Argo State— Summit; capital. $50.000: presi-
dent. W. G. Knoedler; cashier. F. M. Heller.
Atlas Exchange National— 610 South Halsted
street: capital. $200.000; president. Daniel M.
Healy; cashier, B. M. Blankenheim.
Austin Avenue Trust and Savin
02 North
Aus'tiiT aVenueT "capital. $100.000; president.
Henry Pillinger; cashier. William B. Ross.
Austin National— 5634 West Chicago avenue;
capital. $125.000; president. Michael J. Col-
lins: cashier. J F. Cahill.
Austin State— Parkside avenue and South boule-
vard. Austin; capital. $JOO,000; president.
Charles S. Castle; cashier. Harry M. Gardner.
Avenue State— Oak Park; capital. $100.000;
president. W. S. HerricTs; cashier. A. E. Wal-
Bankr'of Chicago Heights— Capital. $100,000:
president. George I. McEldowney; cashier.
Bank of Commerce and Savings — 30 North
Michigan avenue; capital. $500.000: presi-
dent, William F. Van Buskirk; cashier. W.
M Grissom
Bank of Harvey— Harvey: capital. $50.000;
president, W. H. Miller; cashier. Alfred Miller.
Bank of Montreal— 108 South LaSalle; capital,
$14.400,000: manager Chicago branch, J. M.
Berwyn State— Berwyn; capital, $25,000: presi-
dent. Edwin L. Wagner; cashier. R. W. Teeter.
Blue Island State— Blue Island; capital, $oO.-
000; president. J. M. Lobaugh; cashier, C. H.
Lobaugh.
Bowmanville National— 4802 North Western
avenue: capital. $50.000: president, E. M.
Heidkamp; cashier. William J. Feldman.
Bremen State— Tinley Park; capital, $25.000;
president. F. H. Henke: cashier. B. L. Casteel.
Calumet National — 9117 Commercial avenue:
capital. $100.000: president, John Cunnea;
cashier, O. M. Clark.
Calumet Trust and Savings— 1987 West lllth
street: capital. $50.000: president, William
Schulze; cashier, Harry H. Cavin.
Capital State Savings— 5400 North Clark street:
capital, $200.000: president. W. J. Klingen-
berg: cashier. E. F. Turnbloom.
Central Manufacturing District Bank— 1112
West 35th street; capital, $400,000; presi-
dent, William N. Jarnagan; cashier, Frank L
Webb.
Central Trust Company of Illinois— 125 Wesl
Monroe street; capital, $6.000.000: president
Charles G. Dawes; cashier, Howard S. Camp,
Century Trust and Savings — State and Adams
streets: capital, $250.000: president, John
W. Fowler: cashier, C. R. Corbett.
Chicago City Bank and Trust— 6225 Halsted:
capital. $500,000: president, Louis Rathje;
cashier. E. H. Holtorff.
Chicago Land. Credit and Trust Co.— 134 South
LaSalle street; capital. $200,000: president,
F. H. Wickett: cashier. F. J. Wegg.
Chicago Trust Company — State and Madison;
capital. $1,000,000; president, Lucius Teter;
cashier. Frederic S. Pope.
Chicago State — Madison street and Ashland
boulevard: capital, $200,000; president, Ray-
mond Cardona: cashier, Hugh McNeff.
Cicero State— Hawthorne; capital. $50.000;
president, G. H. Hughes; cashier. C. C. Stoffel.
Citizens' State Bank of Lake View— 3228 Lin-
coln avenue: capital. $250,000: president.
Charles Johnson: cashier. J. G. Squires.
Citizens' State Bank of Melrose Park— Capital.
Citizens' Trust and Savings— 55th and State
streets; capital, $100,000; president, Oliver
F. Smith; cashier, Frank M. Dooley.
City National Bank of Evanston— Evanston:
capital, $100,000: president, Joseph F. Ward;
cashier, Charles N. Stevens.
City State Bank— 5056 South Halsted street:
capital, $50,000; president, Charles Detrick;
cashier. Geoige A. Airey.
olonial Trust and Savings— 137 South LaSalle:
capital, $1.000.000: president, L. C. Rose;
assistant cashier. Emil Stuedli.
Commercial Bank — Blue Island: capital, $100.-
000: president, J. L. Zacharias; cashier. Chris-
tian Krueger.
Commercial Bank of Chicago Heights — Capital,
$50,000: president, Donald T. McClure; cash-
ier, Joseph Kotlinck.
Continental and Commercial National — 208
South LaSalle street; capital, $21,500.000:
president. George M. Reynolds: cashier, Wil-
son W. Lampert.
Continental and Commercial Trust and Savings
—208 South LaSalle street: capital, $5.000,-
000: president, Arthur Reynolds; cashier,
John Shannon.
Corn Exchange National — LaSalle and Adams:
capital. $3.000.000; president. Ernest A.
Hamill; cashier, James G. Wakefield
Cosmopolitan Bank of Chicago— 1159 North
Clark street: capital, $30(t.OOO: president.
Gustave F. Fischer; cashier, Jacob R. Darm-
stadt.
Depositors State — 4633 South Ashland avenue;
capital, $300,000; president, Julius F. Smie-
tanka: cashier, Thomas F. Chamberlain.
>es Plaines State— Des Plaines: capital. $50,-
000: president. P. M. Hoffman: cashier, Wil-
liam F. Grautner.
Drexel State — 3946 Cottage Grove avenue: cap-
ital, $350,000: president. R. J. Neal;. cashier,
A. J. Kolar. Jr.
Drovers' National — 4201 South Halsted: capital.
$1.000,000; president. William C. Cummings;
cashier. George A. Malcolm.
Drovers' Trust and Savings — Union stockyards:
capital, $250.000: president, William C. Cum-
mings; cashier, Murray M. Otstott.
Englewood State— 237 West 63d: capital. $200.-
000: president. Frank H. Tinsley; cashier, E.
W. Stansbury.
Evanston Trust and Savings — Evanston: capi-
tal. $100.000; president. James R. Smart:
cashier, A. F. Bull.
First National — Dearborn and Monroe: capital,
$10.000.000: president, Frank O. Wetmore:
cashier. R. F. Newhall.
First National of Englewood— 349 West 63d:
capital. $150.000: p esident, J. J. Nichols:
cashier, V. E. Nichols.
First Security Bank of Chicago— Milwaukee
avenue and Carpenter street ; capital, $400,-
000; president, J. C. Hansen; cashier, A. B.
Suter.
First Trust and Savings — Dearborn and Monroe:
capital. $5,000,000: president, M. A. Tray-
lor; secretary, David V. Webster.
First Trust and Savings of Riverdale — Capital.
$25,000: president. Horace Holmes: cashier,
H. C. Thompson.
Foreman Bros. Banking Company— 30 North
LaSalle: capital, $1.500.000: president, Oscar
G. Foreman: cashier, John Terborgh.
Fort Dearborn National— 76 West Monroe: cap-
ital, $3.000.000: president, William A. Til-
den: cashier, W. W. Le Gros.
Fort Dearborn Trust and Savings— 76 West
Monroe: capital, $500.000: president, William
Af Tilden; cashier, Emile E. Rose.
Franklin Park St^te— Franklin Park; capital.
$25.000: president. H. N. Leadaman; cashier.
William H. Kirchoff.
Franklin Trust and Savings — Michigan avenue
898
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
and 35th street: capital, $300,000: president,
Simon W. Straus: cashier, Edgrar F. Olson.
Fullerton-Southport State Savings— Fullerton
and Southport avenues: capital, $200,000;
president, Walter J. Raymer; cashier, A. I.
Garfieldnpark State Savings— 4004 West Madi-
son street: capital. $200,000: president, John
E. Decker: cashier, Arthur A. Marquart.
German American State— Matteson: capital,
$25.000: president, George H. Fortmiller;
cashier, Henry Schulze.
Glencoe State— Glencoe : capital, $25,000: pres-
ident. Jacob Schnur; cashier, F. A. Andrews.
Great Lakes Trust— Monroe and Dearborn; cap-
ital. $3,000,000: president, H. H. Merrick;
cashier, Charles C. Willson.
Greenebaum Sons Bank and Trust Company —
Madison and LaSalle streets: capital, $1,500.-
000: president, Moses E. Greenebaum: cash-
ier, Walter J. Greenebaum.
Guarantee Trust and Savings — 835 West 63d:
capital. $200.000: president, William H. C.
Stege; cashier. Otto J. Meier.
Halsted Street State— 6910 South Halsted street:
capital, $200,000: president, Henry F. Eid-
mann: cashier, Roy P. Roberts.
Harlem State Savings— Oak Park; capital, $50,-
000: president and cashier. W. F. Grosser.
Harris Trust and Savings— 115 West Monroe:
capital. $2.000.000 : president, Albert W. Har-
ris; cashier, Joseph H. Vail.
'Hibernian Banking Association— 208 South La-
Salle street: capital, $2,000,000: president,
George M. Reynolds: cashier, Frederic S.
Hebard. «
Hill State— 3324 Lawrence avenue; capital,
$200.000: president. A. H. Hill; cashier, C.
E. Mitchell.
Home Bank and Trust Company— Ashland and
Milwaukee avenues: capital. $300,000: presi-
dent. B. M. Hair; cashier, William O. Conrad.
Homewood State— Homewood: capital, $25.000:
president. Henry Gottschalk: cashier, James
A. Cowing.
Humboldt State— 2722 West North avenue;
capital, $50,000; president, Chilton C. Col-
lins: cashier. E. Klabo.
Hyde Park State — Lake avenue and 53d street:
capital, $200.000: president, John A. Carroll:
cashier. Jordan B. Cottle.
Illinois State Bank of Chicago — Clark and Kin-
zie streets: capital, $200,000: president, Al-
fred Decker: cashier, Virgil C. Webster.
Illinois Trust and Savings — LaSalle and Jack-
son: capital, $5.000,000; president, John J.
Mitchell: cashier, Joseph I. Cooper.
Independence State— 1215 South Kedzie ave-
nue: capital. $200.000; president, Louis Bo-
mash: cashier, Herman R. Schiff.
Interstate National— 13304 Erie avenue (Hege-
wisch) ; capital, $25.000: president, Lawrence
Cox: cashier, Clyde Collins.
Irving Park National — 4011 Elston avenue:
capital, $100,000: president, Charles H.
Rioch: cashier. Don W. Riley.
Jefferson Park National — 4815 Milwaukee ave-
nue: capital, $50,000: president, George M.
Hayes: cashier. Fred H. Esdohr.
Kaspar State — 1900 Blue Island avenue: capi-
tal, $500,000; president, William Kaspar;
cashier, Emil F. Smrz.
Kenwood Trust and Savings— Grand boulevard
and 47th: capital, $200,000; president,
Charles E. Ford: cashier. Eugene E. Ford.
Kimbark State— 1276 East 75th street: capital,
$25.000: president, E. E. Vail.
Kimbell Trust and Savings— 3538 Fullerton
avenue: capital. $100.000; president, Ray-
mond G. Kimbell; cashier, Lily M. Hansen.
Kirchman State — Cicero : capital, $100,000;
president, Frank Kirchman: cashier, John W.
Krause State— 1341 Milwaukee avenue: capital,
$200.000: president, J. Henry Krause: cash-
ier, J. Jacob Krause.
LaGrange State— LaGrange: capital, $50,000:
president. L. C. Bassford: cashier, N. M,
Froom.
LaGrange Trust and Savings — LaGrange; cap-
ital, $50.000: president, W. E. Keeler; cash-
ier, H. J. Twining.
Lake View State — 3160 North Clark; capital.
$200,000; president, George W. McCabe; cash-
ier, William O. J, Hattstaedt.
Lake View Trust and Savings— 3211 North
Ashland avenue; capital, $400.000: president,
Joseph J. Budlong; cashier, B. J. Steacey.
Lansing State — Lansing; capital, $25,000; pres-
ident, William Winterhoff; cashier, H. F. W.
Schultz.
Lawndale National— 3341 West 26th street:
capital, $50.000 ; president, Frank J. Hajicek :
cashier. Rudolph F. Hajicek.
Lawndale State— 3113 West 22d; capital. $200.-
000: president, Joseph J. Salat; cashier,
Joseph Kopecky.
Liberty Trust and Savings — Kedzie avenue and
Roosevelt road; capital, $250,000; president,
Walter M. Heyman; cashier, Adolph S. Hel-
QUiSt.
Lincoln State Bank of Chicago— 3105 South
State street: capital, $200.000; oresident,
George F. Leibrandt; cashier. George S.
Campbell.
Lincoln Trust and Savings— 3936 Lincoln ave-
nue: capital, $200,000: president, O. B. Conk-
lin; cashier, W. O. Anderson.
Live Stock Exchange National— Union stock-
yards; capital, $1,250,000; president, S. T.
Kiddoo; cashier, D. R. Kendall.
Logan Square Trust and Savings — 2569 Mil-
waukee avenue: capital, $200,000: president.
James B. Heaney; cashier, Albert H. Spor-
leder.
Madison and Kedzie State — 3131 West Madison
street: capital, $200.000; president. Harry H.
Baum; cashier, J. T. Mammoser.
Market Trust and Savings— 127 North Halsted
street: capital. $200,000; president, Fred S.
Fulton: cashier. Albert M. Tierney.
Maywood State— Maywood: capital, $100.000:
president, John Soffel; cashier, W. G. Heide-
mann.
Maywood Trust and Savings — Maywood: capi-
tal, $25,000: president. Charles N. Bullard:
cashier. Carl E. Robinson.
Mechanics and Traders' State— Washington bou-
levard and Desplaines street; capital, $200.-
000; president, Calvin F. Craig; cashier, Nor-
ton F. Stone.
Melrose Park State— Capital, $100.000: presi-
dent, W. G. Heidemann; cashier, John Soffel.
Mercantile Trust and Savings— 547 West Jack-
son boulevard: capital, $250,000; president,
Frederick H. Rawson: cashier, Harry N. Grut.
Merchants' Loan and Trust— 112 West Adams:
capital, $5,000,000; president, Edmund D.
Hulbert: cashier, Paul C. Peterson.
Metropolitan State— 807 West 35th street: cap-
ital. $50.000; president. John B. Brenza:
cashier, Julius C. Brenza.
Michigan Avenue Trust— 2218 Michigan ave-
nue; capital, $200,000; president. Warren C.
Spurgin; cashier, W. C. Periolat.
Mid-City Trust and Savings— Halsted and Madi-
son: capital. $500,000: president, William J.
Rathje: cashier, D. B. Kennedy.
Morris Plan — 21 North LaSalle; president. Jo-
seph E. Otis: cashier-treasurer, Chauncey B.
Blair.
Morton Grove Trust and Sayings — Morton
Grove: capital, $25,000: president, August
Geweke: cashier, H. S. Scharenberg.
Morton Park State — Morton Park; capital,
$100.000: president, Ha*ey B. Mitchell: cash-
ier, Byron C. Thorpe.
Mutual National— 7829-31 South Halsted; capi-
tal, $200,000: president. Frank Rathje; cash-
ier, Fred H. Korthauer.
National Bank of the Republic— LaSalle and
Monroe: capital. $2,000.000; president, John
A. Lynch: cashier, Oscar H. Swan.
National City Bank of Chicago — Dearborn and
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
899
Monroe: capital, $2,000,000: president, David
R. Forgan; cashier. Walker G. McLaury.
National Produce— 196 North Clark; capital,
$500,000: president. Edwin L. Wagner; cash-
ier, Ralph N. Ballou.
Noel State— Milwaukee and North avenues;
capital, $300.000; president, Joseph R. Noel;
cashier. Frank W. Hausmann.
North Avenue State— North avenue and Larra-
bee: capital. $200,000; president, Landon C.
Rose; cashier. Otto G. Roehling.
North Side State Savings— 808 North Clark
street; capital. $200,000; president, William
R. Dawes; cashier, P. H. Weilbreuner.
Northern Trust— LaSalle and Monroe: capital:
$2,000,000; president. Solomon A. Smith;
cashier, Thomas C. King.
Northwestern Trust and Savings— 1152 Mil-
waukee avenue; capital, $600.000: president.
J. F. Smulski; cashier, T. M. Helinski.
Oak Park Trust and Savings— Oak Park: capi-
tal, $200.000: president. Henry W. Austin;
cashier, Paul E. Zimmerman.
Ogden Avenue State— 3644 Ogden avenue: capi-
tal. $200.000: president. Frank Ransford:
cashier, Raymond Greene.
Park Ridge State— Park Ridge: capital, $25,-
000; president, G. H. Barrows; cashier, M. C.
Appelt.
Pearsons-Taft Land Credit Company— 105 South
LaSalle street: capital. $200.000; president.
Oren E. Taft: cashier. F. Watson.
Peoples Stock Yards State— Ashland and 47th;
capital. $500.000; president. R. J. Schlesing-
er; cashier, John A. Nylin.
Peoples Trust and Savings — Michigan avenue
and Adams; capital, $500,000; president,
Earle H. Reynolds: cashier, H. T. Griswold.
Phillip State— 7005 North Clark street ; capital,
$200,000; president. Peter Phillip; cashier,
O. T. Miller.
Pioneer State Savings — 4016 West North ave-
nue: capital, $200,000; president, John J.
Lovett: cashier. C. J. Peeples.
Proviso State— May wood: capital, $50.000;
president. G. A. Hart: cashier, C. J. Gates, Jr.
Pullman Trust and Savings— Pullman ; capital.
$300,000; president, Edward F. Bryant; cash-
ier, Donald R. Bryant.
Ravenswood National — i600 Ravenswood ave-
nue: capital. $50,000: president, Walter D.
Rathje: cashier, George T. Keeler.
Reliance State — Madison, Ashland and Ogden ;
capital, $200,000; president, Raymond Car-
dona: cashier, Hugh McNeff.
River Forest State— River Forest; capital, $50,-
000: president, John W. Broughton; cashier,
John A. Klesert.
Riverside State— Riverside: capital, $50,000:
president. E. H. Story; cashier, Frank Fred-
Rogers'Park National— 7044 North Clark street;
capital, $50,000; president, Walter H. Coe-
ber; cashier. R. R. Johnson.
Roseland State Savings — 11500 Michigan ave-
nue: capital, $200.000; president, John S.
Runnells; cashier, David J. Harris.
Schiff & Co. State— Twelfth street, near Hal-
sted: capital, $200.000: president, Benjamin
L. Schiff: cashier, Samuel S. Shuster.
Second Security Bank of Chicago— Milwaukee
and Western avenues: capital, $200,000: pres-
ident, J. C. Hansen; cashier. Martin J. Grau.
Sheridan Trust and Savings— Broadway and
Lawrence avenue: capital, $200,000; presi-
dent, W. J. Klingenberg: cashier, J. R. S.
Crowder.
Shermerville State — Capital. $25,000: president,
Henry Rugen: cashier, Gus A. Olson.
Sixty-Third and Halsted State— 810 West 63d
street: capital. $200.000; president, C. H.
Dehming; cashier, George Lenz.
South Chicago Savings— 3017 East 92d street:
capital, $300,000: president. Warren W.
Smith: cashier, James G. Collins.
South Shore State — Exchange avenue and 75th
street; capital. $100,000; president, John A.
Carroll; cashier, P. M. Knight.
South Side State — >4£59 Cottage Grove avenue-
capital, $200,000; president, Isaac N.Powell;
cashier. D. W. Cahill.
South-West— 5105 South Ashland avenue: capi-
tal, $200,000: president, J. E. Hitt; cashier
Roswell W. Hawkins.
South-West Trust and Savings— 35th street
Archer and Hoyne avenues; capital. $200.-
000: president. Thomas J. Healey; cashier
Andrew H. Wolski.
Standard Trust and Savings— 29 South LaSalle-
capital, $1.000.000: president, Charles S Cas-
tle: cashier. Ward C. Castle.
State Bank of Chicago— LaSalle and Washing-
ton; capital, $1,500,000; president, Henry A.
Haugan; cashier, Henry S. Henschen.
State Bank of Clearing— 5601 West 63d street-
capital, $25.000: president, Frederick A. Hib-
bert; cashier, Theodore P. Oster.
State Bank of Evanston — Evanston: capital
$150.000: president, F. J. Scheidenhelm :
cashier, J. C. Luther.
State Bank of Oak Park— Capital, $100,000 •
cashier, Alfred H. Klein.
State Bank of West Pullman— 120th and Lowe-
capital, $25.000: president. Thomas W. Cole;
cashier, W. L. Johannesen.
State Commercial and Savings — 1935 Milwau-
kee avenue: capital, $25,000: president,
Joseph Stein: cashier, Walter J. Stein.
Stockmen's Trust and Savings — 5425 South
Halsted: capital, $200,000; president, P. J.
Harmon: cashier. E. J. A. Gold.
Stock Yard Savings— 4162 South Halsted: capi-
tal. $300,000: president. C. N. Stanton; cash-
ier, W. S. Tipton.
Suburban Trust and Savings — Oak Park- capi-
tal, $100.000: president, W. H. Rattenburg;
cashier, John M. Duryee.
Summit State— Capital. $25,000: president. H
B. Kilgour; cashier, F. C. Mandel.
Union Bank of Chicago— 25 North Dearborn
street; capital, $500,000: president, Charles
E. Schlytern: cashier. G. Hallbom.
Union Trust — Dearborn and Madison: capital,
SI, 500, 000; president, F. H. Rawson; cash-
ier, F. P. Schreiber.
United State— 6000 South Halsted: capital.
$200.000: president, Simon Heck: cashier.
Carl Lundberg.
Washington Park National— 730 East 63d
street: capital, $200,000; president, Garland
Stahl; cashier, A. E. Olson.
West Englewood-Ashland State— 1610 West 63d
street; capital. $250.000; president, John
Bain; cashier, Edward C. Barry.
West Hammond Trust and Savings — Capital.
$25,000: president. A. J. Campbell; cashier.
Paul I. Muschelewicz.
West Side National— 1600 West 12th street;
capital, $200,000; president. Thomas J.
Healey: cashier, Leo P. Cummings.
West Side Trust and Savings— Halsted and
Roosevelt road; capital, $400,000; president,
Benjamin S. Mayer; cashier. Herbert S.
Pflaum.
West Town State— 2325 West Madison street:
capital. $200,000: president. Thomas J. Har-
per; cashier. J. W. Hays.
Wiersema State— 11108 South Michigan ave-
nue: capital. $200.000: president, Asa Wier-
sema: cashier. Nicholas W. Wiersema.
Wilmette Exchange State — Capital. $75.000:
president, S. A. Wheelock: cashier, J. K
Schaefer.
Winnetka State— Capital. $25.000: president
John R. Leonard: cashier. Henry R. Hale.
Woodlawn Trust and Savings— 1204 East 63d.
capital, $250,000; president. Charles M.
Poague: cashier. John W. Watson.
•Consolidated with the Continental and Com-
mercial Savings bank Oct. 31. 1918.
€00
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CHICAGO CLEARING HOUSE ASSOCIATION.
Northern Trust building:.
President— John A. Lynch.
Vice-president — Solomon A. Smith.
Manager— Thomas C. Stibbs.
Assistant Manager— Willi am Byrnes.
Examiner— Charles H. Meyer.
Clearing House Committee— James B. Forgan.
Ernest A. Hamill, John J. Mitchell, George
M. Reynolds, Edmund D. Hulbert, John A.
Lynch (ex officio>.
Chicago Bank Clearings.
Yenr. Clparinsrs.
1903. . .$8,755,553,649
1904... 8,989,983,764
1905... 10,191, 765,732
1906... 11, 047,311, 894
1907... 12, 087,647,870
1908. ..11, 853, 814, 943
1909... 13,781,843,612
1910. . .13,939,689,984
Year.
Clearings.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917..
16,073,130,524
15,692,828,996
16,198,985,174
20,541,943,19
24,974.974,47
1918.. 25,930,200,367
Clearings of 1918 and 1919 by Months.
1918.
January $2,024,542,219
February 1,784,007,741
March 2,345,045,166
April 2,222,323,250
May 2,163,787,350
June 2,076,705,883
July 2,245,745,141
August 2,250,912,489
2,060.690,076
2,340.992,062
2,070,617,046
2.244,831.943
1919
$2,344,990,527
1.981,415,681
2,247,290,086
2,270,257,507
2,406,279,329
2,386,132,175
2,676,307,723
2,583,570,305
2,570,350,580
2,814,673.911
September
October ..
November
December
Total .25,930,1200,367 777777777777...
CHICAGO BANK DEPOSITS AND LOANS.
National Banks (Sept. 12, 1919).
Bank. LOPHS. Deposits.
Atlas Exchange $598,551 $752,880
Austin 525,802 1,094,119
Bowmanville 656,240 1,110,872
Calumet 2.029.469 3,481,525
Continental & Com'l. 236.304,738 339.850,410
Corn Exchange 72,500,227 116,888,898
Drovers 12.776.544 19,704,331
First 128,049,071 227,037,473
First of Englewood.. 2,386,577 4,873,599
Fort Dearborn 46,449.661 59,984,223
Interstate 347.008 591,364
Irving Park 884.548 1,924,950
Jefferson Park 436.129 931,726
Lawndale 2.914.845 3,259,047
Live Stock Exchange 16,094,102 21,443,474
Mutual 551,912 729,896
N a ti o n a 1 Bank of
Republic 24.111,431 32,202,04;
National City of
Chicago 22,156,201 34,980,290
National Produce .... 3,800,096 5,628,253
Ravenswood 444,985 813,524
Rogers Park 359,060 860,638
Washington Park .... 3,164,478 4,655,532
West Side 1,089,202 1.484,568
Totals 579,130,877 884,284,634
State Banks (Sept. 12, 1919).
Adams State
^Etna State
American State
Austin Ave. Tr. & Sav.
Austin ,State
Bank of Com. & Sav.
Calumet Tr. & Sav. . .
Capital State Savings.
Central Man'facturing
Central Trust
Century Tr. & Sav. . .
Chicago City B. & T.
Chicago Trust
Citizens St. Bk.-L. V.
Citizens Trust '
$70,299
745,536
4,145,528
163,740
2,987,025
522 642
336,744
818.447
4,013,231
38,639,156
1,779.220
4,192,141
7.280.549
1.954,540
1,032,182
$355,087
1,308,019
4.400,076
270,636
3,855,529
410,151
384.439
1,358,546
4,607,645
61,258.232
2.176.825
4,954,450
11,213.069
2,416,946
1,471,32
Bank. Loans.
City State $391.402
Cont'l & Com'l T. & S 54,956,109
Cosmopolitan State of
Chicago 1,011,215
rawford State 461,124
Depositors State 3,113,757
Drexel State 3,751,909
Drovers Trust 4,564,686
Englewood State 2,105,552
First Trust & Savings 52,171,577
Foreman Bros 23.289,193
Fort Dearborn T. & S. 4,304,768
Franklin Tr. & Sav... 1,904,860
Fullerton-Southport . 664,470
Garfield Pk. St. Sav.. 567,136
reat Lakes Trust 5,728,396
Greenebaum Sons' 11,241,810
Guarantee Tr. & Sav. 1,006,895
Halsted State Bank... 1,187,496
Harris Trust & Sav... 17,106,052
Hill State Bank 735,401
Home Bk. & Tr. Co.. 2,060,511
Humboldt State Bank 454.948
Hyde Park State 1,590,818
Illinois Trust & Sav. . 94.532,402
Independence State.... 936.323
Jefferies State 281,672
Kaspar State 4,767,680
Kenwood Tr. & Sav... 2,873,455
Krause State Sav 806,077
Lake View State... 1,348,663
Lake View Tr. & Sav. 3,255,572
Lawndale State 1,662.380
Liberty Tr. & Sav.... 3,043,003
Lincoln State Bank
of Chicago 761.110
Lincoln Tr. & Sav.... 918.479
Logan Square Trust
and Savings
Madison and Kedzie
State 1,688.387
Market Tr. & Sav.... 1,198.096
Marquette Park State 182,273
Mechanics & Traders. 1,520,970
Mercantile Tr. & Sav. 3.361,246
Merchants Loan and
Trust 69,961,402
Metropolitan State ... 145,145
Michigan Ave. Trust. 1,857.859
Mid-City Trust 6,006.002
Noel State 2,527,857
North Ave. State 2,111,334
Northern Trust 31,841,870
North Side State 1,478,347,
Northwestern Trust
and Savings 6,405.947
Ogden Ave. State 673,919
Peoples Stock Yards. 9.999,505
Peoples Trust 9,721,597
Phillip State 530,412
Pioneer State 889.047
Pullman Tr. & Sav. . . 2.525,048
Reliance State 2,881,253
Roseland State 997,754
Schiff & Co. State.... 392.153
Second Security Bank
of Chicago 1,857,090
Security Bank of
Chicago 3,597,606
Sheridan Trust 3,094,988
Sixteenth St. State... 205,180
63d & Halsted St. Sav 720.180
So. Chicago Savings.. 5,995,861
South Shore 286.933
South Side State 3.366,066
Southwest State 1,292.446
Southwest Tr. & Sav. 1,995,326
Standard Tr. & Sav.. 7,863,312
State Bank of
Chicago 32.710.443
State Bank of
Clearing 159,587
State Bank of
West Pullman .. 517,654
Deposits.
$313,928
75,066.895
1,432,640
537,131
4.196.449
4.910.679
5.310,283
2,969.154
74,869,492
23,373.438
6,677,648
3,250,718
1,244.916
1,936,677
4,478.641
15,792,382
1,068,629
1.278.599
29,183,011
1.256.120
3,667.916
700,687
2,482,532
118.571,539
1,641,843
257,546
8.728,571
4,033.563
2.083,640
2,053,160
5,426.169
2.544.215
3,939.492
1,574.953
1,331,025
1,339,522 1,335.124
2,391.412
1.446,318
223,618
2,304.052
4.101,464
108,282,042
241,909
3,676,019
7,268,785
3,538.160
4,624,855
36,647,904
2,090,611
7,140,713
914.276
11,297.187
12. 562.910
1,280,990
1,441.211
4,368,412
3.450.180
1,705.122
3,379,211
2,751,322
5,384,678
4,857,831
194,733
860,133
6,144,998
244.564
4,390.506
1,436.878
3.419,480
11,567,778
38,732,006
278.866
761.274
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
901
Bank. Loans.
Deposits.
Bank. Loans. Deposits.
Western State 1 Oil 919 1 112 49O
Savings 257,236
487,398
West Engrle wood-
Ashland 1 °87 174 1 975 517
Savings 1.281.974
Stockyards Savings .. 4.300.097
Stony Island Tr.& Sav. 951,561
1,484,798
5.022.859
1,015,634
3 778 414
West Side Tr. & Sav. 6.858.724 8,098-962
West Town State 1.068.311 1.942.883
Woodlawn Tr. & Sav. 3.405.879 4.475.439
Union Trust Co 25 ^99 768
39 410 159
Totals 652 312 363 896 702 148
United State Bank 738.605
Universal State Bank 1,035.161
University State 253,973
987.732
1.332.1*86
214.268
The saving's deposits in national banks of
Chicago Sept. 12, 1919. amounted to $21.201.-
522 and those in state banks to $313.708,423.
Month.
1918— November .
December
Highest.
.d?8.r-68- '
56
1
Date. i
6
19
Lowest,
iegr's.
21
14
1919 January
52
20
—11
52
3
11
March
...68
20
8
April
75
6
28
Mav
83
31
40
June
...88
14
55
July
96
27
62
...98
4
57
93
8
52
October ..
...85
2
35
CHICAGO WEATHER.
[Compiled in Chicago office of the weather bureau. 1
Temperature— v ,— Precipitation— N
-Weather
Mean for Normal Inches Normal Clear Partly Cl'dy
. Date, degr's. Date. mo..deg. depr's. prr mo. inches, dnys. cl'<ly. days.
24
26
4
26
1
1
5
28
11
28
26
29
43.5
37.7
31.0
30.5
38.5
48.0
55.3
72.6
77.0
73.4
68.9
57.2
39.2
29.3
23.7
25.4
34.4
45.9
56.5
66.3
72.4
71.2
64.6
53.2
2.65
3.24
0.20
2.78
4.32
3.16
3.84
3.16
1.59
1.10
3.85
6.41
2.50
2.07
2.00
2.16
2.55
2.88
3.37
3.66
3.64
2.88
3.02
2.55
12
3
11
8
10
3
13
10
19
15
11
11
6
7
10
6
8
12
7
16
9
14
12
12
21
10
14
13
15
11
4
3
2
7
11
COLDEST DAYS IN CHICAGO.
HOTTEST DAYS IN CHICAGO.
July 21. 1901, when the temperature rose
TV.O r.nlrf anpll pnrHne- Tan 7 1 Q1 ? pstah Jui.v xij.. J.JJVJL, wiien me temperature rose
3*2 S?1!,^11 E™£J5& ^HJiiT^SS: to 102.9 degrees above zero, was the hottest
day in the history of Chicago so far as the
weather bureau records go. The longest con-
tinuous hot wave in Chicago was from July
lished a record for duration of below zero
weather in Chicago — 72 hours. The maximum
reached was 16 degrees below zero. The long-
est previous below z°rn stretch was 71 hours. Vo to Julv 31 1916 when the . VmnPrat,,£
£?,*& £.'?? S^&Srir S5SSB5 m&«s^AlB^* &SSTSZ
are the coldest days officially recorded in Chi-
n each year since 1899 were:
cago:
Dec. 24.
Jan. 29.
Jan. 9.
Jan. 3,
Jan. 22.
Jan. 5,
Feb. 9.
Jan. 15,
Jan. 25,
1872..
1873..
1875..
1879..
1883..
1884..
1888..
1893..
1897..
—23
..—16
..—20
..—18
..—17
..—18
..—18
..—16
..—20
Feb. 9,
Jan. 25,
Feb. 13,
Jan. 7.
Jan. 28.
Jan. 13.
Feb. 2V.
Jan. 12,
Jan. 4.
1899.
1904.
1905.
1912.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
i uni-
Sept. 5, 1899.
.... 98
June 24, 1910. ... 97
Aug. 5, 1900.
.... 94
July 5. 1911.
.101.5
—21
—15
July 21, 1901.
June 12, 1902.
..102.8
.... 91
Aug. 31. 1912.
June 30-Julv 29
...95
13 99
—18
July 1-Aug. 24.
'03 92
July 23, 1914.
...99
—16
July 17, 1904.
.... 94
S»pt. 14. 1915.
.. 90
— 8
July 18, 1905.
.... 95
July 30. 191 6... 101. 7
— 6
June 28. 1906.
.... 93
July 30-31. 1917.. 98
—10
Augr. 11-Sept. 1.
'07 92
Aug. 5, 1918. ..101.9
—14
July 11 -Aug. 3.
08. 96
Aug. 4. 1919... .97. 8
—11
Aug. 8, 1909.
.... 93
FOREIGN CONSULS AND CONSULATES IN CHICAGO.
AustHa-Hungary— Consulate closed: in charge
of Swiss consul.
Belgium— Dr. Cvrille Vermeren, 1220. 25 East
Washington street.
Bolivia— F. W. Harnwell. 1612. 105 South La-
Salle street.
Brazil— Dr. P. Nunes de Sa. 1150. 440 South
Dearborn street.
Chile— M. H. Ehlert. 616, 29 South LaSalle
street.
Colombia— Joaquin A. Saavedra. 1136 Otis
building.
Costa Rica— B. Singer, 616, 29 South LaSalle
street.
Cuba— P. Caballero. 408. 5 North LaSalle-st.
Denmark— B. F. Falkenstjerne, 921, 326 West
Madison street.
Dominican Republic— Frederick W. Job, 832,
140 South Dearborn street.
Fcuador— Frutos T. Pl^za. 912 Lakeside place.
France — Antonin Barthelemy, 225-227, 108
South LaSalle street.
Germany— Consulate closed: in charge of Swiss
Great Britain— Horace D. Nugent (consul-gen-
eral). 807 PHlmnn balding.
Gre^c0 — Ponqt"nt'n° X^nthonoulos (consul-gen-
er*»l). 14-7 "NToT-th D^^boTi st*^nt.
Guatemala — Jule F. Brower, 1331, 38 South
Dearborn st^pp^
Honduras — Jnle F. Blower (consul-general),
1331. 38 South Dearborn street.
Italy— Count Giulio Bolognesi, 1446, 72 West
Adams street.
Japan— Junpei Aneha (acting). 929, 122 South
Michigan avemie.
Mexico— Lucas Villareal. 440 South Dearborn
street.
Netherlands — John Vennema (consul-general).
1407. 140 South Dearborn street.
Nicaragua— Berthold Singer. 616, 29 South La-
Salle street.
Norway— Olaf Bernts (acting). 723, 30 North
LaSalle street.
Panama— E. A. Navarro. 303, 608 S. Dearborn
street.
Paraguay— Albert W. Holmes. 5241 Carmen-av.
Persia — ( Va ca ncy ) .
Peru— Craig Hazf>lwood. Union Trust company.
7 South Dearborn street.
Portugal— (Vacancy) .
Russia — Antoine Valkoff (consul-general), 616,
29 South LpSalle street.
Salvador— Berthold Singer. 616, 29 S. LaSalle
street.
Siam— Milward Ao^ms. 40* South Michigan-av.
Snain— B. Rintrpr. 616. 29 South Lr?SMl« street.
Swpd»n— Sigurd T. Goes. 402. 108 South La-
S^HP. st"p«t.
Switzerland— Henry Nussle. 911 Peoples Gas
building.
Tnrkpy — (Vac^nov) .
Uruguay— R. Charles Lebret. 822. 608 South
Dearborn street.
902
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CHICAGC
General headquarters, ci
Dist. Prec. Locatioi
1 . .. *180>
) POLICE DISTRICTS,
ty hall. Traffic divisio
North LaSi
i of stations.
Forth LaSalle street,
outh Clark street,
ottage Grove avenue,
''abash avenue,
ake Park avenue,
ast 75th street,
ottage Grove avenue.
ast 89th street,
ast 106th street,
ast 115th street,
cmth Wentworth avenue,
outh Green street,
outh Halsted street.
rest 35th street.
Duth California avenue,
[axwell street,
awndale avenue,
illmore street,
orth Desplaines street,
barren avenue.
PRECINCTS AND STATIONS.
n. 152 Illinois street. Detective division. 179
ille street.
Dist. Prec. Location of stations.
18 23 Chicago-av and Lorel-av.
19 24 *1123 West Chicago avenue.
20 25 *2138 North California avenue
21 26 *3973 Milwaukee avenue.
27 . 4905 Grand avenue
% .. 2 *625 S
3 3 *2523C
4 4 ..*4802V
5 5 *5233L
6 ..6... *834 E
7... . 9059 C
7 .. 8 *2938E
9 .. . 34561
8 10 *200E
9 11 *6347 S
22 28 *] 13 West Chicago avenue
23 29 2128 North Halsted street.
30 *2742 Sheffield avenue.
24 31 *3600 North Halsted street.
32 3801 North Robey street.
25 33 *1940 Foster avenue
.. 8501 S
34 7075 North Clark street.
26 18 *2259 South Robey street
10 13, *4736 S
11 15 *740V
16 *3900 S
27 14 *1700 West 47th street.
Women's detention home No. 1—1501 Hudson
avenue.
No. 2—2256 West North avenue.
No. 3 — 454 East 35th street.
*District headquarters.
17 .. *943 IV
14 19 *2656L
15 ..20 *4001 F
16 21 .. .. *120 IS
17 22 *2433V
j
PERSONS ARRAK
Ma
rt'ORK OF THE POLICE
JNED IN COURT,
le. Female. Total.
236 10,396 105.632
449 6,465 53,914
787 3,931 51,718
by Age.
25 25
862 795 11,657
387 2,304 17,691
448 2.267 17,715
212 3,079 33.291
576 1,396 16.972
957 448 6,405
769 107 1.876
DEPARTMENT (1918).
NATIVITY OF PERSONS ARRESTED.
Male. Female. Total.
Americans 57,459 5818 63277
Married 47
Americans (colored) . 8,019 1,674 9,693
Austrians 1,803 134 1937
Single 47
Classified
Under 16
From 16 to 20 incl...lO
From 21 to 25 incl...l5
From 26 to 30 incl.-.15
From 31 to 40 incl...30
From 41 to 50 incl...!5
From 51 to 60 incl... 5
More than 60 1
Bohemians 851 114 965
Canadians 227 44 271
Chinese 94 1 95
Danish °50 19 °69
English 382 • 81 463
French 149 46 195
Germans 2149 302 2451
Greeks l'831 10 1*831
Hebrews l'l05 59 1J64
Hollanders 130 10 140
Total 95,236 10,396 105,632
OCCUPATION OF PRISONERS.
Artors 162 Merchants 1,580
Hungarians 664 74 738
Irish 1,619 266 1,885
Italians j 3 019 179 3 198
Lithuanians 1^672 172 1*844
Afirpiits ' 1043 Midwives 13
Norwegians 527 43 570
Artists 49
Milkmen 124
Polish 5863 7°7 6590
Miners 16
Roumanians 127 10 137
Molders 275
Russians 3 897 332 4 °°9
Barbers 470
Barkeepers 601
Billposters 18
Blacksmiths .... 174
Boilermakers .. 198
Brokers 509
Butchers 716
Carpenters 734
Chauffeurs 12.096
Cigarmakers ... 9o
Clergymen
Clerks 4 660
Musicians 145
No occupation. 5,973
Painters 1,120
Patternmakers . 27
Peddlers 1 805
Scotch 184 40 224
Slavonians 311 45 356
Swedish 1 608 119 1 7°,7
Swiss 70 4 74
Other nativities.. . 1 236 73 1 309
Physicians 454
Plasterers ...... 109
Plumbers 307
Total 95236 10396 10563°
DISPOSITION OF CASES IN THE MUNICIPAL
AND CRIMINAL COURTS.
Sentenced to hang: . . 1
Policemen 21
Porters 1,008
Printers 650
Roofers 93
Sailors 229
Held to grand jury 3,179
Confectioners .. 61
Pnnks 7°4
Salesmen . 4 033
Capias arrests 494
Dentists 71
Saloonkeepers ...1.182
Servants 766
Sentenced to penitentiaries 116
Detectives 11
Draftsmen 49
Druggists 144
Electricians — 521
Engineers 586
Sentenced to Pontiac reformatory oo^
Shoemakers . . 207
Soldiers 102
Steamfitters .. 315
Stockdealers . . 24
Stonecutters . . 6
Street car em-
ployes 229
Students 393
Bailors 842
Teamsters 4,224
Tinsmiths 88
Sentenced to county jail 296
Sentenced to house of correction 3,035
Fined 29 092
Placed on probation 1,988
Firemen 483
Ordered to make weekly payments 372
Bonds forfeited 309
Florists 70
Grocers 481
Harnessmakers. 25
Horseshoers ... 55
Housekeepers .. 5,392
Janitors 607
Turned over to United States authorities 179
No bills by gr^nd ju?-y 657
Discharg-ed nolled etc . . 71 ,623
Pending- 2 849
Undertakers ... 65
Unholsterers .. 28
Wag-onmakers . 6
Watchmen 306
Other occu p a -
tions 14.945
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARGES.
Felonies.
1918. 1917. 1916.
Abandonment of child. 3 3 1
.Abduction 7 13 1O
Jewelers 137
Junk dealers... ***•
Laborers 28,297
Lathers 20
Letter carriers. 16
Liverymen 55
Machinists 3,079
TVTasnn<! 20R
Total 105.632
Arson or attempt 38 24 32
Bisramv .. 26 29
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
903
1918.
Burglary
1,193
Burglary, accessory to
Burglary, attempted...
20
45
Burglars' tools, pos-
sessing1
10
Children, crime against
124
Confidence game
568
Conspiracy
Criminal carelessness
67
Counterfeiting-
4
Embezzlement
124
Forgery
66
Kidnaping-
20
Larceny and larceny
by bailee
6,182
Larceny, accessory to
28
Larceny, attempt to
commit
75
Malicious mischief
234
Manslaughter
130
Mayhem
8
Murder
134
Murder, accessory to. .
37
Murder, assault to
commit
174
Perjury
19
Receiving- stolen prop-
erty ,
868
Robbery '.
1,231
Robbery, accessory to
30
Robbery, ass ault to
commit
153
Threats to kidnap or
murder
50
Other felonies
179
Misdemeanors.
Abandonment of wife
or children
1,088
Animala unfastened. . .
14
Assault
704
Assault with deadly
weapon
1.404
Carrying- cone e a 1 e d
weapons
726
Compounding- a felony
Cruelty to animals. . .
1
59
1917.
1,476
29
73
31
134
879
205
8
1
244
74
19
6,752
48
78
287
72
21
188
33
234
1.068
1,361
39
175
38
91
J,105
26
967
1916.
1,216
12
52
34
129
945
150
8
1
226
85
14
99
292
~71
22
193
37
254
15
679
1,301
28
177
42
242
1,811
58
1,177
1,690 1,529
864
o
89
827
1
160
1918/
6
45.414
3.495
926
1
31
Cruelty to children
Disorderly conduct ....
Gaming1 house, inmates
Gaming- house, keepers
Intimidation
Impersonating- officer.
Obtaining- money false
pretenses 347
Opium den. inmates.. 7
Peddlers calling1
wares 112
Peddlers' license, with-
out 333
Resisting an officer 192
Riot 2
Rules of the road 8
Selling- liquor to
minors or drunkards 116
Selling- liquor without
a license 317
Speed ordinance, viola-
tion 7,784
Threats, extortion by. 4
Use of motor vehicle
without owner's con-
sent 162
Vagrancy 1,080
Auto operator intoxi-
cated 222
Glaring- headlights.... 1,075
License plate illumina-
tion 833
License plate display.. 1,899
License renewal 3,411
1917. 1910.
10 10
55,653 49,942
5,301
444
Lights on vehicles
Minor operator pro-
hibited
Muffler cut-out, using
Parking ordinance
Smoking auto
Vehicles not to pass
133
23
138
• 1,986
16
610
17,752
18
48
467
1
175
523
313
23
165
641
8,696
19
178
1,652
2,527
2,610
3,903
406
2
180
3,006
4
712
18,568
3,193
172
22
55
537
13
220
427
261
5
70
228
8,201
18
872
253
155
1,164
1.164
2,025
536
4
330
762
11,860
Other misdemeanors
Total* 110,819 137,910 111.587
*Including charges not specified in above list.
MURDERS AND HOMICIDES IN 1918.
Murders.
Total number 95
Without arrests 41
Murderers killed 1
Suicides after arrest 8
Persons arrested 62
Sentenced to hang 1
Sentenced to Joliet 22
Sent to asylum 1
Acquitted 9
No bills 4
Pending 25
Homicides-r
Total number 179
Without arrests 34
Persons arrested 144
Exonerated 30
Acquitted 15
WORK OF AMBULANCE DIVISION.
Total number cases handled 24,382
Sick and injured officers examined (head-
quarters) 951
Sick and injured officers examined (spe-
cial) 143
Officers examined for sick leave 155
Civilians examined
Citizens treated 702
Chauffeurs examined for license 2,678
Requisitions filled for medical supplies.. 261
ACCIDENTS REPORTED BY POLICE.
Fatal. Not fatal. Total.
Street cars
Motor cars
Auto trucks
Pailroads ,
Wagons, etc
93
190
104
167
45
2,354
3.636
904
429
1.128
No bills 32
Suicide after crime 7
Sentenced to Joliet 6
Sentenced to Ponfiac 2
Sentenced to St. Charles.. 1
Sentenced to asylums 3
Died 3
Cases pending 52
Fatal. Not fatal. Total.
33 1,332 1,365
.. 179 946 1,125
3 157 160
Street .
Falling
Bicycles
All causes* 3,568 25,348 28,916
•Including unspecified.
PERSONS AIDED
Sick and injured
BY POLICE.
25,918
Suicides 443
Found dead 1,453
Found drowned 117
Insane persons 881
2,447 Abandoned children 77
3,826 | Rescued from drowning -. 27
1,008 Tonveyed to hospitals 21,554
596 Conveyed to homes 4.109
1.173 • Conveyed to morgues 1,901
CHICAGO FEDERATION OF LABOR.
President— John .T. Fitzna*-^1-. • f Treasurer— Thomas F. Kennedy.
Vice-President — Oscar F. Nelson. | Sergeant-at-Arms — Martin Nelson.
Secretary— Edward N. Nockels. | Headquarters— 166 West Washington
Financial Secretary— Fred G. Hopp.
street.
904
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
SUMMARY OF POLICE WORE BY YEARS.
No. officers Fines Property Miscellaneous Total ex-
recovered. Salaries. expenditures, penditures.
$149,988.52 $1.084.259.25 §108,510.31 $1,192.769.56
168.023.03 1,199.022.28 106.539.79 1,305,562.07
193.141.67
206.822.12
228.885.73
309,585.45
319.305.00
294,129.83
392.082.14
360.358.82
429.882.00
390,628.89
372,934.73
339,914.59
414,181.37
381,654.45
436,792.73
392.181.63
298,696.07
382,159.61
545,043.35
498,571.63
668,285.17
735,957.75
1,148,851.00
1,634,148.46
1.762,599.26
1,260,619.02
1.884.153.64
2.107.738.76
2.847.489.66
3.181.944.10
3,286,390.00
Year. and men. Arrests.
* imposed.
1886
.032 44.261
$202,036.00
1887
.145 46.505
259.249.00
1888
.255 50.432
305,176.00
1889
.624 48.119
275,925.00
1890
.900 62.230
363.938.00
1891
2.306 70.550
464.850.02
1892...
2.726 89,833
615.822.10
1893...
3,189 96,676
523.359.00
1894
3.188 88,323
452.340.00
1895
2.850 83.464
301.555.00
1896...
3.033 96.847
300.319.00
1897
3.551 83,680
216,284.00
1898
1899...
3.594 77.441
3.267 71.349
212,056.00
203,687.00
1900
3.314 70.438
, 219.902.00
1901
2.782 69.440
258,060.00
1902...
2.732 70,314
245.440.00
WE
2.773 77.763
2.676 79,026
330.026.00
393.003.00
1905
2.590 82.572
440,021.00
L906
3.578 91.471
527.450.00
1907
4.110 63.132
477.069.00
1908...
4.293 68.220
384.518.00
1909
4.706 70.575
364.509.00
1910
4.260 81.269
445,232.00
1911...
4.437 84,838
531.316.00
1912
1913........
4.436 86.950
4.443 109.764
539.615.00
743,844.00
L914...
4.420 116,895
802.240.00
1915...
5,331 121.714
801.102.00
1916
5.277 111.527
673.145.00
1917
5.199137.910
729.107.00
1918
4,706 110,819
618,726.00
'Charges
brought.
1.297.379.20
177.756.12
1.475,135.32
1,432,189.25
170.405.35
1.602.594.60
2.066.308.92
133,818.04
2.200.126.96
2.485,981.24
136.067.21
2,622,048.45
2,822,220.27
212.823.65
3.035,043.92
3,287,530.84
263,026.86
3.550,557.70
3.433.129.30
210.806.87
3.643.936.17
3,253,195.20
166.619.60
3,419,814.80
3,150.569.19
153.839.58
3.304,408.77
3.290,419.66
167,163.69
3,457,583.35
3,281,092.08
160.777.77
3.441.869.85
3,257.256.17
181.318.28
3.438,574.45
3,230,627.63
154,532.41
3,385.160.04
3,260,608.80
148.398.15
3,409.006.95
3.179.948.96
158,833.67
3.338.782.63
3,420,079.92
149,397.85
3.569.477.77
3,363,059.47
182.882.36
3,545.941.83
3,551,447.60
409.826.87
3,961.274.47
3.796.430.94
274,771.42
4,071.202.36
4.822,509.36
565.600.65
5,388,110.01
5,407,117.87
296.799.46
5,703.917.32
5.544,545.68
266.072.89
5,810.618.57
6.611,840.47
213.614.40
5,825,454.87
5,846,167.52
295.464.80
6,141,632.32
6.343.897.35
293,554.63
6,637,451.98
6,288,502.09
334.152.81
6,662.654.90
6.621.923.91
6.901,426.14
363.981.07
375.013.70
6,985,904.98
7.276,439.84
6.929,139.48
345.024.93
7.274.164.41
6.798.177.15
492.764.92
7.290.942.07
7,284,723.45
530,418.90
7,815,142.35
CHICAGO MORTALITY STATISTICS.
[From reports of health department.]
POPU- tfwoof1"
POPU- ^"M^O?
POPU- j'fxo'o?
Year. lation. DeathsW"1 >»"<"»
Year. lation. Deaths. popuut ' on
Year. lation. Deaths, population
1844. 10.170 336 33.04
1870. 306.605 7.323 23.88
1896. 1.427.527 23.257 16.29
1845.
12.088 344 28.46
1871.
324.270 6,976 20.87
1897.
1,490,937 21.809 14.63
1846.
14,169 394 27.81
1872.
367,396 10,156 27.64
1898.
1,557,164 22.793 14.64
1847.
16,859 572 33.93
1873.
380.000 9.5o7 25.15
1899.
1.626,333 25.503 15.68
1848.
20.023 638 31.86
1874.
395.408 8.025 20.30
1900.
1.698,575 24,941 14.68
1849.
23,047 1,701 73.80
1875.
400,500 7.899 19.72
1901.
1.751,968 24,406 13.93
1850.
29,963 1.467 48.96
1876.
407.661 8,573 21.03
1902.
1.801.255 26.455 14.69
1851.
34.000 927 27.26
1877.
430.000 8.026 18.67
1903.
1.850,542 28,914 15.62
1852.
38,734 1.809 46.70
1878.
436,731 7,422 16.99
1904.
1,899,829 26.311 13.85
1853.
59.130 1.325 22.41
1879.
491.516 8,614 17.53
1905.
1,949,116 27.212 13.96
1854.
65.872 4,217 64.02
1880.
503,185 10,462 20.79
1906.
1.998.403 29.048 14.64
1855.
80.023 2,181 27.26
1881.
640,000 14.101 26.11
1907.
2.047.690 32.198 15.72
1856.
84.113 2.086 24.80
1882.
560.693 13.234 23.60
1908.
2,096.977 30.388 14.49
1857.
87.600 2.414 27.56
1883.
580,000 11.555 19.92
1909.
2.146.264 31.296 14.58
1858.
90.000 2,255 25.06
1884.
629.885 12.471 19.80
1910.
2,195.551 33,241 15.14
1859.
93,000 2,008 21.59
1885.
665,000 12.474 18.76
1911.
2.244.835 32.672 14.55
1860.
109.206 2.264 20.73
1886.
703.715 13.699 19.47
1912.
2.294.120 33.998 14.68
1861.
120.000 2.279 18.99
1887.
760.000 15.409 20.27
1913.
2.344,018 35.298 15.06
1862.
138.186 2.835 20.52
1888.
-802.651 15.772 19.65
1914.
2.393,325 33.952 14.19
1863.
150.000 3,875 25.83
1889.
935,000 16.946 18.12
1915.
2,447.845 34,894 14.25
1864.
169.353 4.448 26.26
1890.
1.099.850 21.856 19.87
1916.
2.497.722 36.410 14.53
1865.
178,492 4.029 22.57
1891.
1.148.795 27.754 24.16
1917.
2.547.201 38.055 14.90
1866.
200.418 6.524 32.55
1892.
1.199,730 26.219 21.85
1918.. 2.596.681 44.605 17.17
1867.
225.000 4.773 21.21
1893.
1,253.022 27.083 21.61
Note — The population is for
252,054 5.984 23.74
1894.
1.308.682 23.892 18.26
midyear.
!
280.000 6.488 23.17
1895.
1.366.813 24.219 17.72
Under 1 year 6,636
1 to 2 years.. 2,000
2 to 5 years 2.146
5 to 10 years 1.371
Typhoid fever 38
Smallpox 4
Measles 63
Scarlet fever 48
Whooping1 cough 184
Diphtheria 720
Influenza 6,971
Tetanus 12
STATISTICS FOR 1918.
Deaths by Ages.
10 to 20 years 1.950
20 to 30 years 6,146
30 to 40 years 6.240
40- to 50 years 4.636
By Important Causes.
Pellagra 6
Tuberculosis (all forms) 3,827
Cerebrospinal fever 93
Cerebral hemorrhage 1,427
Diarrhea and enteritis,
under 2 years 2,960
Congenital debility and*
malformations .2.330
50 to 60 years 4,768
60 to 70 years 4.331
70 to 80 years 2,885
Over 80 years 1.496
Pneumonia (all forms) ..7.000
Suicide 444
Accidents 1,878
Homicide 243
Sunstroke ,23
Heart disease 4.936
Bronchitis 510
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
905
CHICAGO FIRE STATISTICS SINCE 1863.
[From reports of fire marshals. JcuofloM
Property Av loss oupropenj Popula- Population Loes oer
Years. Fires. involved. Loss. Insurance. pwtn mvoiv«d. tion. toichfir.. c»p,^
1863-4 18ft «.i:V=i firm «<?79 &nn «i Q19, ifi« ?a« »9/r «•? -*i
1864-6 . .
193 651798 685*300 3377 169353 877 3*85
1865-6..
243 v 1,216,466 941.602 5,006 178.492 735 6.82
1866-7. .
315 . , .b 2.487.973 1.643.445 7.898 200.418 636 12.41
1867-8
515 4315332 3417288 8183 .... 226236 439 1907
1868-9'
405 . 560.169 632.248 1.383 .... 252.054 622 222
1869-70
600 . 871.905 600.061 1,453 279.330 466 312
1870-1.
669 }?5 2.447,845 2.183.498 3,659 306.605 458 ?!98
1871-2*
489 672,800 745.000 1.989 337000 685 289
1872-3 .
441 680,099 3,763,275 1,542 .... 367.393 833 185
1873-4
466 57.041,700 1,013,246 3.641.735 2.175 14.39 381.402 818 2 66
1874-5 1
473 11.063.616 2,345,684 6.789.300 4,959 21.22 395.408 836 6.93
1875J .
332 4.601,770 127.014 2.328.150 386 2.76 401.535 1.209 .42
1876.
477 9.173,004 387.951 3.780.060 813 4.23 407.661 855 95
1877.
445 10.868.921 1,044,997 6.173.575 2,348 9.62 442.196 949 248
1878.
478 6.751.234 306.317 3,327.348 641 4.54 436.731 914 70
1879.
638 11.501,473 572,082 5.112.631 897 4.97 469.515 736 l!22
1880.
804 14.752.066 1,135,816 5.409,480 1,413 7.70 503.298 626 2 26
1881.
895 19.738,508 921,495 9,662.326 1.030 . 4.67 531.996 594 1 73
1882.
981 26.435.705 569.885 12.587.090 581 ' 2.16 560.693 572 1.02
1883.
1.153 42.383,215 1,379,736 21,790.767 1,197 3.26 595.339 517 232
1884.
1,278 22.685.601 968.229 12.048.683 758 4.27 629.985 493 1.54
1885.
1,309 48,055.541 2,225.184 22.407,225 1,700 4.06 661.923 506 3 36
1886.
1,543 43.646,452 1.492,084 22,676,518 967 3.42 693.861 450 2 15
1887.
1,853 62,241.191 1.839.058 32.095.202 992 2.95 748.256 404 2.46
18G8.
1.871 76.618.085 1.363,427 38.610.407 729 1.78 802.651 429 1.70
1889.
2.075 66.409.323 2,154,340 34.440.627 1,038 8.24 .000.000 482 2 15
1890.
2.755 108.650.005 2,092,071 47.937.840 759 1.93 .099.133 397 1.90
1891.
3,353 124.003.193 3,053,874 59.703.511 911 2.46 ' .147.000 342 2 66
1892.
3.549 123.482.011 1,521.445 65.535.291 429 1.23 .197.000 337 1.27
1893.
5.224 330.028.212 3,149.590 180.987.890 603 .95 .250.000 239 2.52
1894.
5,174 129.046.541 3,254,140 72.185.581 629 2.52 .305.000 252 2.49
1895.
5,316 120,794,760 2,974.760 73.443.646 560 2.37 .362.000 256 2.19
1896.
4.414 97.061.640 1,979.355 59.970.130 448 2.04 .427.000 323 1.39
1897.
5.326 98.883,270 2,272.990 55,233.596 425 2.30 .485.000 279 1.53
1898.
5.048 91.922.210 2,651.735 56.550.470 525 -2.88 ,558.000 309 1.70
V899.
6,031 128.304.413 4.534,065 70.851.165 752 3.53 .626.000 270 2.79
1900.
5.503 112.599.125 2.213.699 72,893.463 402 1.98 .698.575 309 1.30
1901.
6.136 133.195,220 4.296.433 83.079,743 700 3.22 .747.236 285 2.46
1902.
5.125 112.998.325 4.118.933 71.615.759 803 3.64 .795.897 350 2.29
1903.
6.054 111.743,441 3,062.931 68,748.203 489 2.73 .844.566 305 1.66
1904.
6.661 122.075.301 2.950.254 77.234,230 443 2.40 .893.219 284 1.56
1905.
6.522 117.497.315 3.303.929 76,533.230 507 2.81 .941.880 298 1.70
1906.
6.387 119.974.033 4.179,235 75.356,085 654 3.49 1.990.541 312 2.01
1907.
6.257 142.900.863 3.937.105 92.275.189 629 2.76 2.039.202 326 1.93
1908.
7.793 114.527.300 3.873.444 72.048.810 497 3.38 2.087.862 268 1.86
1909.
7.414 135.730.618 3.046.797 90.950.970 411 2.24 2.136.525 288 1.43
1910.
9.083 129.076681 4.884.793 83.808.768 538 3.77 2.185.283 241 2.24
1911.
9.151 121.156.470 3.864.123 80.653.116 422 3.19 2.262.756 247 1.71
1912.
9.410 125.800.590 4,352.470 88.656.020 463 3.47 2.307.638 245 1.89
1913.
10 002 132.938.720 4.798.457 90.395.765 480 3.61 2.393.325 239 2.00
1914.
10.534 139.363.229 5.268.653 102.422.880 500 3.78 2.417.798 230 2.18
1915.
9.435 113.159.650 3.186.509 77.291.754 338 2.82 2.472.158 262 1.29
1916.
11.408 151.157996 3.470.978 105.441.775 303 2.29 2.521.822 220 1.37
1917.
12.034 185.947.911 4.094.639 112.288.515 340 2.21 2.571.941 213 1.59
1918
12.336 191.964.686 3.462,577 125.181.708 281 1.80 2.596.681 210 .75
•The great fire not included. fThe large fire included. JNine months ending Dec. 31. 1875.
FIRE DEPARTMENT FINANCES.
Year. Expended.
1870 $366,700.66
1871..... .. *182,023.15
1872 432,057.34
1873 586,618.96
1874 624.795.22
1875 f411.245.12
1876 478,340.22
1877 507,001.12
1878 389,692.36
1879 420,308.82
1880 454,304.18
1881 568,760.87
1882 545,021.03
1883 556.551.80
1884 657,957.46
1885 717,639.93
1886 823.413.02
1887 826.047.74
1888 893.475.09
1889 961.201.54
Ponulation.
306,605
337,000
367,393
381,402
395,408
401,535
407.661
422,196
436,731
469,515
503.298
531.996
560,693
505.339
629.985
661.923
693.861
748.256
802,651
900,000
Per.
capita.
,1.10*
1.58
1.02
1.17
1.20
.89
.89%
.90
1.07
.97
.93
1.04
1.08
1.19
1.10
1.11
1.07
Year. Expended.
1890 SI. 278.337.41
1891 1,378,249.10
1 892 1.459.754.93
1893 1.542.378.17
1894 1.500.542.62
1895 1,542.590.62
1896 1,502,942.66
1897 1,532.780.92
1898 1,566,081.96
1899 1,641.346.67
1900 1,678.410.09
1901 1,636.084.21
1902 1.645.548.93
1903 1,699.16°,.37
190! 1,780.096.39
1905 '1. 103. 642.62
1906 2. 36",. 105.46
1907 3.124.338.27
1908 2.102.861.12
1909 2.915.437.07
Population.
1,099.133
1.147,000
1,197.000
1,250,000
1.305.000
1,362,000
1,427.000
1,485,000
1,558.000
1,626.000
1.698.575
1,747.263
1.795.897
1.844.568
1.893,219
11.941.880
1.PP0.541
2 030 202
2. 087,862
2,136,525
Per.
capita.
1.16
1.20
.22
.23
.15
.13
.05
1.03
1.00%
1.01
.99
.94
.92
.92
.94
1.08
1.19
1.53
1.01
1.36
906
ALMANAC AND YEAR BOOK FOR 1920.
Year.
1910
1911
Expended.
...$2.838.703.46
3 084 340 "S3
Pooulation
2,185.283
o oflo 756
Per.
capita.
1.30
1 36
Year.
1916..
1917
Expended. Population
83.492.836.41 2,521.822
3 7°1 063 40 ° 571 941
Per.
. capita.
1.38
1 44
1912...
...3.403.538.57
2.307.638
1.47
1918..
3,711.505.40 2,621.419
1.41%
1913
1914
....3.221.637.86
3 461 584 09
2.393.325
2 417 978
•Six
months tNine months ending'
Dec 31
1915
....3 443,742.40
2.472,158
1.35
1875.
No. Location.
. 1. 333 S. Wells-st.
2. 2421 Lowe avenue.
3. 855 West Erie-st.
4. 1244 N. Halsted-st.
5. 328 S. Jefferson-st
6. 535 Maxwell-st.
7. 636 Blue Island-av.
8. 1931 Archer-av.
9. 2527 Cottage
Grove-av.
10. 214 Lomax place.
11. 10 E. Austin-av.
12. 1641 W. Lake-st.
13. 209N.Dearborn-st.
14. 509W.Chicago-av.
15. 1156 W. 22d-st.
16. 23 West 31st-st.
17. 558 W. Lake-st.
18. 1123 W. 12th-st.
19. 3444 Rhodes-av.
20. 1318 Rawson-st.
21. 14 W. Taylor-st.
22. 522 Webster-av.
23. 1702 W. 21st-pl.
24. 2447 Warren-av.
25. 1975 Canalport-av.
26. 457 N. Lincoln-st.
27. 1244 N. Wells-st.
28. 2869 S. Loomis-st.
29. 744 W. 35th-st.
30. 1125 North Ash-
land avenue.
31. 2012 W. Congress
street.
32. 59 E. South Water
street.
33. 2208 Clybourn-av.
34. 114 N. Curtis-st.
35. 1625 N. Robey-st.
36. 2346 v/. 25th-st.
37. Foot of N. Frank-
lin street (fireboat
Graeme Stewart).
38. 2111 S.Hamlin-av.
39. 1618 W. 33d-pl.
40. 119N.Franklin-st.
41. Throon-st. bridge.
42. 226 W. Illinois-st.
43. 2183 State street.
44. 3138 W. Lake-st.
45. 4602 Cottage Grove
avenue.
46. 9321-23 S. Chi-
cago avenue.
47. 7531 Dobson-av.
48. 4005 Dearborn-st.
49. 1642 W. 47th-st.
50. 4649Wentw'th-av.
51. 6345Wentw'th-av.
FIRE DEPARTMENT STATIONS.
FIRE ENGINE COMPANIES.
General headquarters, city hall.
No. Location.
52. 4714 S. Elizabeth
s.treet.
53. 40th and Packers
avenue.
54. 8023 Vincennes
avenue.
55. 2740 Sheffield-ay.
56. 2214 Bany-av.
57. 2412 Haddon-av.
58. 92d street bridge.
59. 826 Exchange-av.
60. 1315 E. 55th-st.
61. 5300 Wentworth
n venue.
62. 34 E. 114th-st.
63. 6328-30 Maryland
avenue.
64. 6244 Laflin-st.
65. 2714 W. 39th-st.
66. 2858 Fillmore-st.
67. 4666 Fulton-st.
68., 1642 N. Kostner
avenue.
69. 4017 N. Tripp-av.
70. 2100 Eastwood
avenue.
71. Deering's yards
(fireboat Chicago).
72. 7914 Burnham-av.
73. 8630 Emerald-av.
74. 10615 Ewing-av.
75. 12054-56 Wallace
street.
76. 3517 Cortland-st.
77. 1224 South Ko-
mensky avenue.
78. 10o2Waveland-av.
79. 5358 N. Ashland
avenue.
80. 623 E. 108th-st..
81. 10458 Hoxie-av.
82. 317 E. 91st-st.
83. 1219 Lafayette-pl.
84. 5721 S. Halsted
street.
85. 3700 W.Huron-st.
86. 2414 Cuyler-av.
87. 8701 Escanaba-av.
88. 3500 W. 60th-st.
89. 4456 N. Knox-av.
90. 1016 W. Division
street.
91. 3000 Elbridge-av.
92. Fullerton avenue
bridge.
93. 331 S. Wells-st.
94. 326 S. Jefferson-st.
95. 4000 Wilcox-st.
96. 439 N. Waller-av.
No. Location.
97. 13359 Superior
avenue.
98. 202 E. Chicago
avenue.
99. 3042 S. Kedvale
avenue.
100. 6843 Harper-av.
101. 1533 W. 69th-st.
102. 1723 Greenleaf
avenue.
103. 1459 W. Harri-
son street.
104. 1401 Michigan
avenue.
105. 2337 W. Erie-st.
106. 2754 N. Fairfield
avenue.
107. 2258 W. 13th-st.
108. 4835 Lipps-av.
109. 2358 S. Whipple
street.
110. 2322 Foster-av.
111. 1701 N. Washte-
' naw avenue.
112. 1732 Byron-st.
113. 4658 Lexington
street.
114. 3542 Fullerton
avenue.
115. 11940 S. Peoria
street.
116. 5929 S. Wood-st.
117. 816 N. Laramie
avenue.
118. 13401 Indiana
avenue.
119. 6030 Avondale
avenue.
120. 11035 Home-
wood avenue.
121. 1700 W. 95th-st.
122. 6856 Indiana-av.
123. 5218 S. Western
avenue.
124. 4426 N. Kedzie
avenue.
125. 2329 N.Natchez
avenue.
126. 7320 Kings ton
avenue.
HOOK AND LADDER
COMPANIES.
No. Location.
1. 218 Lormx place.
2. 540 W. Washing--
ton street.
3. 158 W. Erie-st.
4. 214 W. 22d-st.
5. 1125 W. 12th-st.
No. Location.
6. 117 N. Franklm-st.
7. 455 N. Lincoln-st.
8. 2865 S. Loomis-st.
9. 61 i]. South Water
•street.
10. 1613 Hudson-.iv.
11. 9 E. 36th place.
12. 2256 W. 13th-st.
13. 2756 N. Fail-field
avenue.
14. 918 W. 19th-st.
15. 4600 Cottage
Grove avenue.
16. 1405 E. 62d place.
17. 9323 South Chi-
cago avenue.
18. 4738 Hnlsted-sl.
19. 1129 W. Chicago
avenue.
20. 446 W. 69th-st.
21. 1529 Uelmont-av.
22. 1620 Winnemac
avenue.
23. 4837 Lipps-av.
24. 10400 Vincennes
road.
25. 1545 Rosemont
avenue.
26. 4002 Wilcox-st.
27. 30 E. 114th-st.
28. 1623 North Robey
street.
29. 441 N. Waller-av.
30. 6017 S. State-st.
31. 1401 Michigan
avenue.
32. 2360 S. Whipple
street.
33. 4457 Marshfield
avenue.
34. 1024 E. 73d-st.
SQUAD COMPANIES.
No. Location.
1. 59 E. South Water
street.
2. 114 N. Curtis-st.
3. 4005 Dearborn-st.
FIRE INSURANCE.
PATROLS.
1. 179 W. Monroe-st.
2. Ill S. Green-st.
3. 15 W. 23d-st.
4. Union stockyards.
5. 221 Whiting-st.
6. 334 S. Hoyne-av.
7. 1628 W. Division
street.
8. 324 N. Michigan
avenue.
CHICAGO FIRE DEPARTMENT CHIEFS.
Alex. Lloyd 1837-1838
A. Calhoun
L. Nicholl
1839
1840
A. Sherman 1841-1843
S. F. Gale 1844-1840
C. E. Peck 1847-1848
A. Gilbert.
1849
C. P. Bradley 1850-1851
U. P. Harris 1852-1853
J. M. Donnelly 1854
S. McBride 1855-1857
D. J. Swenie
1858
U. P. Harris 1859-1867
R. A. Williams 1867-1873
Matt. Benner 1873-1879
D. J." Swenie 1879-1901
Wm. H. Musham... 1901-1904
John Cnmpion 1904-1906
James Horan 1906-1910
C. F. Seyferlich.... 1910-1914
Thomas O'Connor...
1914
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
907
CHICAGO BOARD
Offices on the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth
floors of the Tribune building.
President— Edwin S. Davis.
Vice-President—Albert H. Severing-haus.
Secretary— Albert H. Miller.
Attorney— William A. Either.
Members— Mrs. Edward G. Snodgrass. Jacob
M. Loeb, Dr. Boleslaus Klarkowski, James B.
Rezny, Mrs. Francis E. Thornton, Dr. Sadie
Bay Adair. Edwin S. Davis, Albert H. Sever-
inghaus, Hart Hanson, George B. Arnold,
Francis E. Croaikin.
Standing Committees.
School Administration — Mr. Hanson, chairman:
Dr. Adair, Dr. Klarkowski, Mrs. Thornton,
Mr.-a. Snodgrass, the president, ex officio.
Finance— Mr. Arnold, chairman; Mr. Croarkin,
OF EDUCATION.
Mr. Hanson, Mr. Severinghaus, Mrs. Snod-
grass, the president, ex officio.
Buildings and Grounds— Mr. Severinghaus.
chairman: Mr. Croarkin, Mr. Rezny. Dr.
Adair, Mr. Arnold, the president, ex officio.
Committee on Direct Purchases and Condemna-
tion Settlements — The president, chairman;
chairman, cpmmittee on buildings and
grounds; chairman, committee on finance:
attorney, and the business manager.
Committee on Rules— Mr. Davis, chairman: Mr.
Severinghaus. Mrs. Snodgrass, Mr. Croarkin,
Mrs. Thornton.
Committee on Health and Sanitation— Dr.
Adair. chairman: Dr. Klarkowski, Mrs.
Thornton, Mrs. Snodgrass, Mr. Rezny, the
president, ex officio.
SCHOOLS OF CHICAGO.
With the location and principal of each.
SUPERINTENDENTS.
Superintendent— Charles E. Chadsey.
Associate Superintendent— Peter A. Mortenson.
Assistant Superintendent — Ernest E. Cole.
Assistant Superintendent — Morgan G. Hogge.
Assistant Superintendent— Ambrose B. Wight.
Community Centers — Dudley Grant Hays.
Superintendent of Parental School— Fred M.
Smith.
Board of Examiners— Peter A. Mortenson, Wil-
liam H. Campbell.
DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENTS.
Dist. Supt. Office.
1. Ella C. Sullivan Lake View high school
2. R. M. Hitch Darwin school
3. C. D. Lowry Burr school
4. Elizabeth W. Murphy. Marshall high school
5. Henry G. Clark McKinley high school
6. John H. Stube Hammond school
7. Henry L. Crane Garfield school
8. Minnie R. Cowan Graham school
9. John A. Long Normal school
10. Martha V. Bishop Fiske school
SUPERVISORS.
Technical Work in High Schools— Albert G.
Bauersfeld.
Commercial Work in High Schools— William
Bachrach.
Continuation Schools— E. G. Cooley.
Household Arts and Science— Jennie H. Snow.
Schools for Blind— John B. Curtis.
Elementary Manual Training and Construction
W9rk— Edward F. Worst.
Music — Agnes C. Heath.
Art— Lucy S. Silke.
Director of Child Study— Daniel P. MacMilla.-i.
.Jijrh School Band Instructor— N. P. Peterson.
Military in High Schools— Lieut. F. L. Beals.
Physical Education— Henry Suder.
OFFICE HOURS.
General offices open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.;
Saturdays, 9 a. m. to 12 m.
Business manager, 4 to 5 p. m.: Saturdays, 9
a. m. to 12 m.
Superintendent, school days. 2 to 4:30 p. m.;
Saturdays, 9
to 12 m.
Assistant superintendents, Saturdays, 9 a. m.
to 12 m. and 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. daily.
District superintendents, daily, 3:30 p. m. to
5.30 p. m.
Practice and Other Schools.
Chicago Normal College— 6800 Stewart ave-
nue: William Bishop Owen.
Parker Practice School — 6800 Stewart avenue;
William R. Hatfleld.
Haines Practice School— 231 West 23d place:
Elizabeth R. Dr ly.
Carter Practice School— 5740 South Michigan
avenue: Abby E. Lane.
Chicago Parental School — 3600 Foster avenue:
Fred M. Smith, superintendent.
Austin-
wood.
Bowen— 8860
Blabl.
High Schools.
5417 Fulton street; George H. Rock-
Manistee avenue; Frank W.
Calumet — 8025 Normal avenue; Grant Beebe.
Crane Technical— 2246 West Van Buren street:
William J. Bartholf.
Englewood — 6220 Stewart avenue; Clarence E.
De Butts.
Fenger— 50 East 115th street: Thomas C. Hill.
Flower Technical— 6059 South Wabash ave-
nue: Dora Wells.
Harrison Technical— 2850 West 24th Street
boulevard; Frank L. Morse.
Hyde Park— 6220 Stony Island avenue; Hiram
B. Loomis.
Lake View— 4015 North Ashland avenue: B.
Frank Brown.
Lane Technical— 1225 Sedgwick street; William
J. Bo^;tn.
Lindblom— 61st and Lincoln streets; Harry
Keeler.
Marshall— 3250 West Adams street; Louis J.
Block.
McKinley— 2040 West Adams street; George M.
Clay berg.
Medill— 1326 West 14th place; Avon S. Hall.
Morgan Park— ,11043 Hermosa avenue; Wil-
liam Schoch.
Parker— 6800 Stewart avenue; Charles
French.
Phillips— 244 East 39th street: Charles
Perrine.
Schurz— 3601 Milwaukee avenue; Walter F.
Slocum.
Senn— 5900 North Glenwood avenue; Benjamin
F. Uuck.
Tilden— 645 West 47th place: Edward C.
Rosseter.
Tuley— 1313 North Claremont avenue; Frank-
lin P. Fisk.
Waller— 2007 Orchard street; John E. Adams.
Elementary Schools.
Adams— 849 Townsend street; Dora W. Zoll-
man.
Agassiz— 2851 Seminary avenue: Lina E.
Troendl".
Alcott— 670 Wright wood avenue; William C
Dodge.
Altgeld — 1340 West 71st street; James W.
Brooks.
Andersen — 1155 North Lincoln street; Francis
M. McKay.
Archer Avenue — 4930 Archer avenue;
beth L. Drew.
Armour— 950 West 33d place; Martin E
ney.
Hur-
Armstrong— 7050 Pingree street: Azile B. Rey-
nolds:
Arnold— 2001 Burling street: A. Esther Cam-
field.
908
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Auburn Park — 8025 Normal avenue; Grant
Beebe.
Audubon— 3500 North Hoyne avenue: Mary E.
Vaughan.
Avondale — 2945 North Sawyer avenue; John
H. Stehman.
Bancroft— 1638 North Maptewood avenue;
Carrie F. Patterson.
Barnard— 10354 Charles street; Elizabeth H.
Sutherland.
Baas— 6554 South May street: Lucy I. Laing.
Beale— 6043 South Sangamon street; John W.
May.
Beaubien — 5025 North Laramie avenue; Sarah
J. O'Keefo.
Beidler— 3151 Walnut street: Jay C. Edwards,
Belding — 4257 North Tripp avenue; Delos Buz-
zell.
Bell— 3730 Oakley boulevard: Esther J. W.
Barker.
Blaine — 3808 Southport avenue; Mary J. Zoll-
man.
Bradwell — 7710 Burnham avenue; Georgia A.
Seaman.
Brentano — 2723 North Fairfield avenue; Wil-
liam M. Roberts.
Brown — 1758 Warren avenue; Matilda M.
Niehaus.
Brownell— 6509 Perry avenue; Alice E. Sollitt.
Bryant — 1355 South Kedvale avenue; Ida
Mighell.
Bryn Mawr— 7355 South Jeffery avenue: Mar-
graret J. McKee.
Budlong— 2701 Foster avenue: Minnie M.
Jamieson.
Burke — 5356 South Park avenue; J. Clara
Breese.
Burley — 1630 Barry avenue: Ida L. Jaeger.
Burns— 2524 South Central Park avenue; Rob-
ert Nig-hting-ale.
Burnside— 650 East 91st place; Frank W.
Rieder.
Burr— 1621 Wabansia avenue; Samuel R. Meek.
Burroughs — 3542 Washtenaw avenue; Mary F.
Willard.
Byford — 5600 Iowa street; Novella M, Close.
Calhoun — 2850 West Jackson "boulevard; Jean-
nette P. Robinson.
Cameron — 1236 Monticello avenue: Herbert L.
Merrill.
Carpenter — 666 North Racine avenue; Volney
Underbill.
Chalmers-Plamondon — 1220 South Fairfield ave-
nue: Thomas J. Casey.
Chase— 2021 Point street: Solon S. Dodg-e.
Chicago and Cook County School for Boys —
2615 South California avenue; superintend-
ent. Orris J. Milliken.
Chopin — Iowa street and Campbell avenue:
William C. Payne.
Clarke^-1310 South Ashland avenue: Henry
C. Beers.
Clay— .13231 Burley avenue; Flora V. Renaud.
Clearing- — South Central avenue, near 55th
street; Moses Mnier.
Cleveland— 3850 North Albany avenue; Lewis
W. Colwell.
Colman— 4655 South Dearborn street; Francis
G. Rogers.
Columbus— 2120 Augusta street; Kate A. Reedy.
Coonley— i048 North Leavitt street: Elizabeth
A. McGill-n.
Cooper— 1624 West 19th street: Ida A. Shaver.
Copernicus — 6010 South Throop street: Cora
Caverno.
Corkery — 2510 South Kildare avenue: Daniel
F. O'H~n-n.
Cornell — 7520 Drexel avenue; Flora J. Joslyn.
Cregier— 1820 Yeaton street: William F. Ging-
rich.
Crerar — 1002 Campbell avenue; Annette M.
Chapin.
Curtis— 50 East 115th street; Thomas C. Hill.
Dante— 810 South Desplaines street: June H.
MacConkey.
Darwin— 2314 North Albany avenue; Charles
A. Myall.
Davis—3014 West 39th place: Helen C. Maine.
Delano— 3937 Wilcox street: Gerbrandus A.
Osing-a.
Dewey— 5415 South Union avenue: Edward
McLoughlm.
Doolittle— 525 East 35th street: Margaret
Madden.
Dore— 758 West Harrison street: Nora F
Doran.
Douglas— 3211 Forest avenue: Susan Bonfield.
Drake— 2641 Calumet avenue: Helen W. Mc-
Loughhn.
Drummond— 1845 Cortland street: Elizabeth
Haines.
Earle— 6121 South Hermitage avenue: Ira
C. Baker.
Eberhart— 3400 West 65th place: Helen N.
Blanchard.
Emmet (Austin)— 5500 West Madison street:
Helen B. Eastman.
Ericsson— 2930 West Harrison street: Otto
M. Becker.
Everett— 3419 South Irving avenue: Patrick
F. Haley.
Falconer— North Lamon and Wellington ave-
nues: Ada B. Sempill.
Fallon— 4174 Wallace street; Thecla Doniat.
Farragut— 2336 South Spaulding avenue; Al-
bert W. Evans.
Farren— 5030 South Wabash avenue; Isabella
Dolton.
Felsenthal — 4101 Calumet avenue.
Field— 7019 North Ashland avenue; Albert L.
Stevenson.
Fiske — 6145 Ingleside avenue; Harry T. Baker
Forrestville — 4451 St. Lawrence avenue; Flor-
ence Holbrook.
Foster— 720 O'Brien street; Mary B. Catelain.
Franklin— 226 West Goethe street: Etta Q Gee
Froebel— 2021 West 21st street: William W.
Reed.
Fuller— 537 East 42d street; Louise K. Stone.
Fulton— 5300 South Hermitage avenue; Clara
H. McFarlin.
Funston— 2010 North Central Park avenue:
Thomas J. Plant.
Gage Park— 5516 Maplewood avenue: Gertrude
E. English.
Gallistel— 10347 Ewing avenue; James H.
Henry.
Garfield— 820 West 14th place: Charles A
Kent.
Gary— 3000 South Ridgeway avenue: Frank
W. Stahl.
Gladstone— 1231 South Robey street: Harry S
Vaile.
Goethe — 2236 North Rockwell street; Charles
S. Bartholf.
Goodrich— 915 West Taylor street; Esther R.
P. Hcwnbaker.
Goudy— 5124 Winthrop avenue: Louise Schroll.
Graham — 4436 South Union avenue; Mary T.
Grant— 2433 Wilcox street; Marguerite L.
O'Brien.
Gray— 3810 North Laramie avenue; Ella R.
Connell.
Greene— 3537 South Paulina street; Elizabeth
B. Letzknss.
Gresham— 8510 South Green street; Isabel G.
Graham.
Hamilton— 1650 Cornelia avenue; M. Elizabeth
Farson.
Hamline — 4747 South Bishop street; Eleanor
Reese Dunn.
Hammond— 2815 West 2ist place: Adrian M.
Doolin.
Hanson Park -Mont Clare — 5520 Grand avenue:
Fannie L. Ma^He.
Harper— 6520 South Wood street; Walter J.
Harrower.
j Harvard — 7537 Harvard avenue.
ALMANAC
AND
YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
909
Haugan — 4540 North Hamlin avenue: Thomas
C. Johnson.
Haven — 1472 South Wabash avenue; Clara W.
Creedon.
Hawthorne — 3300 Seminary avenue; George W.
Davis.
Hayes— 258 North Leavitt street: Jane H. Mac-
Conkey.
Hay t— 1518 Granville avenue: Elmer L. Kletz-
ingr.
Healy— 3037 Wallace street: Katherine S.
Rueff.
Hedges — 4735 South Winchester avenue; Mar-
cella R. Hanlon.
Hendricks — 313 West 43d street; Fred R.
Nichols.
Henry — 4250 North St. Louis avenue; Mary E.
C. Lyons.
Herzl — 1433 South Ridgreway avenue; Jaroslav
J. Zmrhal.
Hibbard— 3244 Ainslie street: Chester C.
Dodgre.
Holden— 3065 South Loomis street; Lincoln P.
Goodhue.
Holmes— 5525 South Morgan street: Daniel A.
Tear.
Howe (Austin)— 720 Lorel avenue; Mary E.
Vance.
Howland— 1604 South Spaulding avenue.
Irving-— 2140 West Lexington street; John
W. Troeger.
Irving' Park— 3815 North Kedvale avenue;
Mary McMahon.
Jackson— 820 Sholto street: William Hedges.
Jahn— 3149 North Lincoln street: Cephas H.
Leach.
Jefferson— 1010 South Laflin street: Catherine
M. Delanty.
Jenner— 1009 Milton avenue: Frederick J. Lane.
Jirka— 1400 West 17th street: Mary E. Rodg-
ers.
Jungman— 1746 Loeffler court: Sarah A. Flem-
ing.
Juvenile Court School— 748 Forauer street.
Keith— 3400 South Dearborn street; Mary
McNorney.
Kelvyn Park — 4343 Wrightwood avenue; Chas.
H. Ostrander.
Kenwood — 4959 Blackstone avenue; Abigail
M. Hunt.
Kershaw— 643 South Union avenue; William
Radebaugh.
Key (Austin) — 517 North Parkside avenue;
Lillian H. Wright.
King— 2420 West Harrison street; Harriet F.
Hay wood
Knickerbocker— 2301 North Clifton avenue;
Mary G. Guthrie.
Kohn— 10434 South State street: Charles C.
Cobb.
Komensky— 1923 South Throop street; James
W. McGinnis.
Kosciuszko — 1424 North Cleaver street: Ida
M. Cook.
Kozminski— 936 East 54th street: Leslie
Lewis.
Lafayette— 2700 Aug-usta street: Mary I.
Purer.
Langland— 2230 Cortland street: Effie C. Tinen.
La Salle— 326 West Eugenie street; Mary Tay-
lor.
Lawson — 1256 South Homan avenue: Charles
C. Krauskopf.
LeMoyne — Rokeby and Addison streets: Abi-
gail C. Ellings.
Lewis-Champlin — 6200 Princeton avenue:
Samuel B. Allison.
Libby — 5300 South Loomis street: Florence U.
Colt.
Lincoln — 2324 Larrabee street.
Linne — 3321 North Sacramento avenue: Chas.
A. Cook.
Lloyd— 2103 North Lamon avenue: Jacob H.
Hauch.
Logan— 2238 North Oakley avenue: M. Ther-
ese Norton.
Longfellow— 1901 West 35th street; Mary
E. Gilbert.
Lowell— 3312 Hirsch street; G. Charles Grif-
fiths.
Madison— 7433 Dorchester avenue: Sarah A.
Milner.
Manierre— 1420 Hudson avenue; David E. Mc-
Cracken.
Marsh— 9810 Exchange avenue: Franklin C.
Donecker.
Marshall— 3250 West Adams street: Louis J.
Block.
May— 512 South Lavergne avenue; Cora E.
Lewis.
Mayfair — 4615 North Kilpatrick avenue: Annie
S. Newman.
McClellan— 3527 Walnut street: Lilias M. Wil-
liamson
McCormick— 2712 South Sawyer avenue: Mary
L. Twohig-.
McCosh— 6543 Champlain avenue: Ida M.
Phalman.
McLaren— 1500 Flournoy street: Charles J.
Lunak.
McPherson — 4728 North Lincoln street; Ade-
laide E. Jordan.
Mitchell— 2233 West Ohio street: Tracy H.
Holmes.
Monroe— 3650 Schubert avenue: J. Edward
Huber.
Moos — 1711 North California avenue: Thomas
C. M. Jamieson
Morgran Park— 2364 West 110th street: Wil-
liam Schoch.
Morris— 919 Barry Avenue: Luella Heinroth.
Morse — 620 North Sawyer avenue; George L.
Voorhees.
Moseley— 2348 South Michigan avenue:
Leona L. Thorne
Motley— 738 North Ada street: Miriam Del
Banco.
Mozart— 2200 North Hamlin avenue: Nellie C.
Hudd.
Mulligan— 1832 Sheffield avenue: Hanna Schiff.
Nash — 4851 West Erie street; Fred J. Watson.
Nettelhorst— 3252 Broadway: Robert L.
Hughes.
Newberry— 700 Willow street: Mary E. Fellowf .
Nixon — 2121 North Keeler avenue: G. Ovedia
Jacobs.
Nobel— 4127 Hirsch street: Marie A. Dunne.
Norwood Park — 5900 Nina avenue.
Oakland— 750 East 40th street: Sarah M.
Hennen.
Ogden— 9 West Chestnut street; Martha M.
Oglesby— 7646 South Green street: Daniel J.
Beeby.
Orr — 4212 Cortez street: Katherine A. Riordan.
Otis — 525 Armour street: John M. Duggan.
Parkman — 245 West 51st street: John B. Mc-
Gint.v.
Park Manor — 7049 Rhodes avenue: Genevieve
Melody.
Parkside— 6938 East End avenue: Jane S. At-
water.
Peabody — 1444 Augusta street: Mary H.
Smyth.
Pierce — 1423 Bryn Mawr avenue: Inger M.
Schjoldager.
Penn — 1616 South Avers avenue; Bertha Ben-
son.
Pickard— 2il05 South Oakley boulevard: Mary
Ryan.
Pope — 3000 West 10th street: Frank A. Fucik.
Portage Park— 5330 Berteau avenue: Wash-
ington D. Smyz^r.
Prescott — 1632 Wrightwood avenue; Margaret
S. Fitch.
Pulaski— 2030 North Leavitt street: Anna C.
Goggin.
Pullman— 521 East 113th street: Daniel R.
Martin.
910
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Raster— 6936 South Hermitage avenue; David
L. Murray.
Ravenswood — 4322 North Paulina street;
Josiah F. Kletzing.
Ray— 5631 South Kimbark avenue; Arthur O.
Rape.
Raymond— 3633 South Wabash avenue: John
L. Lewis.
Reilly— 3650 School street; Helen H. Robin-
son.
Revere— 7145 Ellis avenue; Louise K. Stone.
Riis— 1018 Lytle street; Cecilia B. Schimek.
Rogers— 1247 West 13th place; Alice A.
Hogan.
Ryder— 8716 Wallace street; Minnie M. Tall-
man.
Ryerson— 620 North Lawndale avenue; Sarah
A. Kirkley.
Sabin— 2216 Hirsch street; Mary J. W.
Boughan.
Sawyer Avenue — 5248 South Sawyer avenue;
Robert G. Jeffrey.
Scanlon— 11725 Perry avenue; Harriette T.
Treadwell.
Schiller— 700 Vedder street: Belle B. Murphy.
Schley— 1240 North Oakley avenue; Minna S.
Heuermann.
Schneider— 3029 North Hoyne avenue: Eliza-
beth E. Fisk.
Scott— 6435 Blackstone avenue: William F.
Chamberlain.
Seward — 4600 South Hermitage avenue; Mary
A. Forkin.
Sexton. Austin O.— 641 East 60th street: John
A. Johnson.
Sexton. James A.— 1029 Wells street: Visa Mc-
Laughlin.
Shakespeare — 4623 Greenwood avenue: Walter
H. Comstock.
Shepard— 2839 Fillmore street; Katherine Cut-
ler.
Sheridan. Mark— 533 West 27th street:
Augustus R. Dillon.
Sheridan. Phil— 9001 Escanaba avenue: Ed-
ward C. Morse.
Sherman— 5116 South Morgan street: Levi T.
Regan.
Sherwood— 245 West 57th street: Edmund B.
Smith.
Shields— 4250 South Rockwell street; Edward
Wildeman.
Skinner — 1112 West Jackson boulevard: Caro-
line Jane Utter.
Smyth— 1059 West 13th street: William R.
Hornbaker.
Spalding— 1 623 Park avenue: Jane A. Neil.
Spencer— 214 North Lavergne avenue; Harriet
S. Thompson.
Spry— 2400 Marshall boulevard; William J.
Fra ser.
Stewart — 4525 Kenmore avenue; Archibald O.
Coddington.
Stowe — 3444 Wabansia avenue; Frank A.
Larck.
Sullivan — 8255 South Houston avenue: Anna
F. Mullay,
Sumner — 715 South Kildare avenue: Edgar W.
Trout.
Swift— 5900 Winthrop avenue; Harriet A. Eck-
hardt.
Swing— 1701 String street; Mary W. O'Keefe.
Talcott— 1850 West Ohio street; Herbert C.
Hansen.
Taylor— 9913 Avenue J: Annie K. Sullivan.
Tennyson— 2800 West Fulton street: Gertrude
Corrigan.
Thorp. J. N.— 8915 Burley avenue; Henry D.
Hatch.
Thorp. Ole A.— 6329 Addison street; Mary E.
Marnell.
Tilton— 4150 West Randolph street; Bertha S.
Armbruster.
Trumbull — 1600 Foster avenue; Helen R. Ryan.
University Avenue— 9125 University avenue;
Jessie E. Black.
Vanderpoel — 9510 South Prospect avenue;
Catherine A. Burke.
Van Vlissingen— 137 West 108th place; George
A. Brennan.
Von Humboldt— 1410 North Rockwell street;
Humphrey J. Moynihan.
Wadsworth — 6420 University avenue; Frank
Mayo.
Walsh— 2015 South Peoria street: Alfred E.
Logie.
Ward— 2700 South Shields avenue: Myra C.
Billings.
Warren— 9210 Chappel avenue; Edith P. Shep-
herd.
Washington— d 000 Grand avenue; Luman
Hewes.
Waters— 2519 Wilson avenue: Esther E. Mor-
gan.
Webster— 3315 Wentworth avenue; Alice M.
Hogge.
Wells— 936 North Ashland avenue; Georg-e B.
Masslich.
Wentworth— 6950 South Sangamon street;
James E. McDade.
West Pullman— 11941 Parnell avenue; Rose A.
Pesta.
Whitney— 2815 Komensky avenue; M. J. He-
venor.
Whittier— 1900 West 23d street: Mary J. Rice.
Wicker Park — 2032 Evergreen avenue; Frank
H. Chase.
Willard — 4901 St. Lawrence avenue: Grace
Reed.
Yale — 7010 Yale avenue; Cyrus L. Harper.
Yates— 1849 North Richmond street; Blanca R.
Daigger.
CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOL
STATISTICS.
Enroll-
Teach-
Enroll*
Teach-
Year.
ment.
ers.
Year.
ment.
ers.
1841..
410
5
1882.
. 68.614
1.019
1842..
531
7
1883.
. 72.509
1,107
1843..
808
7
1884.
. 76.044
1.196
1844..
915
8
1885.
. 79.278
1.296
1845..
1.051
1886.
. 83,022
1.440
1846..
1.107
1887.
. 84.902
1.574
1847..
1.317
18
1888.
. 89.578
1,663
1848..
1.517
18
1889.
. 93.737
1.801
1849..
1.794
18
1890.
.135.541
2.711
1850...
1.919
21
1891.
.146.751
3.000
1851..
2.287
25
1892.
.157.743
3.300
1852..
2,404
29
1893.
.166.895
3.520
1853
3 086
34
1894.
.185,358
3.812
1854..!
3.500
35
1895.
.201.380
4.326
1855.. .
6.826
42
1896.
.213.835
4.668
1856-7
8.577
61
1897.
.225.718
4,914
1858...
10.786
81
1898.
.236.239
5.268
1859...
12.873
101
1899.
.242.807
5.535
1860...
14.199
123
1900.
.255.861
5.806
1861...
16.441
160
1901.
.262.738
5.951
1862...
17.521
187
1902.
268.392
5.775
1863..
21.188
212
1903.
258.968
5.444
1864-5
29.080
240
1904.
264,397
6.570
1866...
24,851
265
1905.
267,837
5.695
1867...
27.260
319
1906.
272.086
5.808
1868...
29.954
401
1907.
273.050
5,981
1869...
34.740
481
1908.
292.581
6.106
1870...
38.939
557
1909.
296.427
6.296
1871...
40.832
572
1910.
300,893
6.383
1872...
38.035
476
1911.
304.146
6,584
1873...
44.091
564
1912.
307.281
6.740
1874...
47,963
679
1913.
315.737
7.013
1875...
49.121
700
1914.
332.248
7.544
1876...
51.128
762
1915.
345.512
7.795
1877...
53.529
730
1916.
357.511
7.992
1878...
55.109
797
1917.
360.639
8.142
1879...
56.587
851
1918.
368.225
8,316
1880...
59.562
898
1919.
377.058
8.558
1881...
63.141
958
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
911
SALARY SCHEDULES OF CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
In force during1 fiscal year 1919. Per year unless otherwise specified.
SUPERINTENDENTS AND SUPERVISORS.
Superintendent of schools $18.000
Assistant superintendents, each 5.500
District superintendents, each 5.000
Examiners, each 5,000
Supervisor technical work in high
schools 4,000
tupervisor physical education 4.000
upervisor elementary manual training. 4.500
Supervisor household arts 4.000
Supervisor schools for the blind 2,750
Supervisor modern languages 3,500
Supervisor, commercial work 3.720
Director of child study 4.000
Supervisor teachers of music 3.250
Supervisor teachers of art 3.250
Band instructor, high school 2,100
Director special schools 4.500
Director school extension 4,500
Chief vocational adviser 2.500
CHICAGO NORMAL COLLEGE.
Principal. Chicago Normal college $5,500
Assistant to the principal, $300 extra over
and above the regular schedule for heads of
departments.
Second year. ,
Third year. ..
Fourth year..
Heads of Departments.
First year
Second year.. .
Third year
Fourth year. . .
Fifth year....
Sixth year
Seventh -year. .
Eighth year. . .
Ninth year
Tenth year
Eleventh year.
Twelfth year.
Instructors.
Lower Group.
First year $1.400
.$2.200
. 2,350
. 2.500
. 2.650
. 2.800
. 2.950
. 3.100
. 3.250
. 3.400
. 3.550
. 3.700
. 3.950
Fifth year. .
Sixth year. . .
Seventh year
Upper Group.
$1.515
1.630
1,745
1.860
1.975
2.090
First year 2.205
Second year 2.320
Third year 2.435
Fourth year 2,550
Fifth year 2.665
Sixth year 2.780
Seventh year 2.895
Eighth year 3.010
Ninth year 3.125
Tenth year 3.200
Substitutes in the Chicago Normal receive
$5.00 per day for days of actual service.
HIGH SCHOOLS.
Principals. _ I Third year $1,430
First year $3,450
Second year.. . 3.580
Third year... 3.696
Fourth year. 3.811
Fifth year... 3,927
Sixth year.... 4.042
Seventh year. 4.158
Eighth year... 4,273
Ninth year 4.389
Tenth year.... 4.504
Eleventh year 4.629
Teachers — General
Certificate.
Lower Group.
First year $1.200
Second year 1.315
Fourth year 1,545
Fifth year 1.660
Sixth year 1,775
Seventh year.... 1,890
Upper Group.
First year 2.005
Second year...:. 2.120
Third year 2,235
Fourth year 2,350
Fifth year 2.465
Sixth year 2.580
Seventh year.... 2.695
Eighth year 2,810
Ninth year 2.925
Tenth year 3.000
Teachers in High Schools Holding Limited Cer-
tificates as Teachers of a Modern Lanauage,
Commercial Subjects, Manual Training, House-
• hold Arts. Music or Physical Education.
Lower Group.
First year $1,200
Second year 1.257
Third year 1.315
Fifth year $1,430
Sixth year 1 .487
Seventh year and
Fourth year 1.372 after 1.545
Teacher$ of Physical Edvcation. Music, Art and
Manual Training in High Schools Holding
Limited Certificates.
Upner Group.
First year $1.660
Second year 1.775.
Third year 1,890
Fourth year 2.005
Fifth year 2.120
Sixth year $2,235
Seventh year. . . 2 350
F.iehth year 2,465
Ninth and sub-
sequent years. . 2,575
Teachers in High Schools Holding Limited Cer-
tificates as Teachers of Modern Languages,
Commercial Subjects or Household Arts.
Upper Group.
First year $1.602
Second year 1,660
Third year 1,717
Fourth year .... 1.775
V'fth year $1.832
Sixth year l,«yo
Seventh and sub-
sequent years. 2.000
Assistants to Principals— High Schools
ssistants to principals are paid $300 e
extra
over and above the regular schedule for high
school teachers.
Deans of Girls in High Schools.
Deans of girls are paid $300 extra over and
above the regular schedule for high school
teachers.
Head of Branches— High Schools.
Teachers in charge of branches receive $150
extra.
Extra Teachers— High, Schools.
Lower Group.
Fifth year... $1,072.60
Sixth year. . .1.127.50
Seventh year.. 1.182.50
First year ..... $852.50
Second year. . . 907.50
Third year. . . 962.50
Fourth year. .1.017.50
Upper Group.
In schools with a membership below 1,000,
salary advance on the schedule.
First year ............................. $1,237.50
In schools with a membership between 1,000
and 1.500 advance on schedule.
Second year ........................... $1.292.50
In schools with a membership between 1,500
and 2.000 advance on schedule.
Third year ............................ $1.358.50
In schools with a membership over 2,000 ad-
vance on the schedule.
Fourth year ........................... $1,490.50
Teachers at the Parental School.
Lower Group.
Primary.Grammar.
First year .................... $825
Second year .................. 875
Third year ................... 925
Fourth year .................. 975
$850
900
950
1.000
1,050
1.100
1.150
Fifth year .................... 1,025
Sixth year ................... 1.075
Seventh year ................. 1.125
Upper Group.
Eighth year .................. 1.175 1.200
Ninth year .............. 1.225 1.250
Tenth year ................... 1.285 1.310
Eleventh year ................ 1.405 1,430
Twelfth year ................. 1.525 1.550
Teachers at the parental school are employed
for 52 weeks in the year and are paid for
thirteen periods of four weeks each.
Military instructor at the parental school,
$25 per month extra.
Teachers at t*>e Chicago and Cook County
School for Boys.
Lower Group.
Primary. Grammar.
First year .................. $907.50 $935
Second year ................. 962.50 990
Third year ................. 1.017.50 1.045
Fourth year. .. . 1.072.50 1.100
Fifth year ................. 1.127.50 1.1R5
Sixth year .................. 1.182.50 1.210
Seventh year .............. 1.237.50 1.265
Upper Group.
Eighth year ............. 1.292.50 1.320
Ninth year. < ............... 1.347.50 1.375
Tenth year ................. 1,413.50 1.441
Eleventh year ............... 1.545.50 1.573
Twelfth year ............... 1.677.50 1.705
Teachers at the Chicago and Cook county
school for boys are employed for fifty-two
weeks in the year and are paid for thirteen
periods of four weeks each.
912
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Women.
$600
660
660
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
Family Officers at the Parental School and the
Chicago and Cook County School for Boys.
Lower Group.
Men
First year
Second year
Third year }-
Fourth year
Fifth year
Sixth year
Seventh year 1,
Upper Group.
Eighth year 1.202.50
Ninth year }#2§-28
Tenth year M8£S2
Eleventh year 1.300.00
Twelfth year 1.332.50
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS.
Teachers of Art and Singing.
Placed on high school general schedule for
1918.
Principals Elementary Schools.
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 ...$2,000 5 82,600
I.'.. ; 2.150,6 2.750
. 2,300 7 2.900
I::::::::::::!.. 2.450* ^^^!
Must promote before advancing.
Five automatic upper group years.
8 ...$3,100 I 11 $3,550
9 ..3.250 12 3.750
10!!". 3.4001
Head Assistants.
(8270 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years
1 81.350 5
2 6
3.
Manual Training.
($310 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 $1,085
2 1,135
3 1,185
4 1.235
Five automatic upper group years.
5 81,2*
6 1.3J
7... . 1,3*
4.
Five automatic upper group years.
8 $1.400 111 $1,630
9.'.'. ........... 1-450 12 1.750
10 1.510 I
Eighth Grade.
($125 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years
1 01.200 5
3.
4.
Five automatic upper group years.
11 81.480
12... . 1.60C
8 $1.250
9 1.300
10 1.360
Teachers Elementary Schools.
Seven automatic lower group years.
Prim- Gram- | Prim- Gram
ary. mar. ary. mar
1 . $775 $800 5 $975 $1.00(
2 825 850 6 1.025 1,05
875 900 7 1.075 1.10
4;.':::: 925 950
Five automatic upper group years.
8 ...$1,125 $1,150111 $1,355 $1,38(
9 1175 1,200 12 1.475 1,50(
I0i '.'... 1.235 1.260 I
Critic Teacher— Elementary Schools.
(8175 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 $950
2 1.000
3 . 1.050
4'.; i.ioo
Five automat.^ upner group years
$1,15
6 1.20
7... . 1.25
11 $1,665
12... . 1.785
8 $1.435
9 1,485
.0 1,545
Physical Education.
($310 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years
5 $1.285
6 1.335
$1,085
1,135
3 1.185
4 1.235
Five automatic upper group years.
8. . . ... $1.435 11 $1,665
9 1.485 12 1,785
10 1,545
Household Arts— Elementary Schools.
($200 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
$975 5 $1.175
1,025 6 1.225
3... . 1,075 7 1.275
4 1.125
Five automatic upper group years.
8 $1,325 | 11 $1,555
9 1.375 12 1.675
10 1,435 '
Crippled Children— Elementary Schools.
(Primary grade $150 above elementary; gram-
mar grade $150 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
Prim- Gram- Prim- Gram-
ary. - mar. ary. mar.
1 $925 8925 5 $1,125 $1,150
2 975 1.000 6 1.175 1,200
3 1.025 1,050 7 1,225 1,250
4 1.075 1.100
Five automatic upper group years.
8 $1.275 1.300111 $1.505 $1,530
9 1.325 1.350 12 1.625 1.650
10 1.385 1.410 I
Leaf Children— Elementary Schools.
(Primary grade. $150 above elementary; gram-
mar grade. $150 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
Prim- Gram- Prim- Gram-
ary. mar. ary. mar.
1 $925 $950 5 $1.125 $1,150
2 975 1,000 6 1.175 1.200
3 1,025 1.050 7 1.225 1,250
4 1.075 1.100
Five automatic upper group years.
Prim- Gram- Prim- Gram-
ary. mar.
11 $1,505 1.53.0
ary.
.$1,275
1.325
12 1.675 1.650
mar.
$1,300
1,350
10 1.385 1.410
Blind and Defective Speech— Elementary
Schools.
($50 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
9825
875
925
975
Five automatic upper group years.
5 $1,025
6 1.075
7 1.125
11 81,405
12 1,525
8 $1,175
9... . 1.225
10 1,285
Former Truants — Elementary Schools.
($200 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
8 $1.300
9 . 1.350
10'. 1.410
11 .$1.530
12 1.650
55975
1.025
1.075
4... . 1.125
5 $1,175
6 1,225
7 1.275
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
913
Five automatic upper group years
11..:....:.. 81.555
12 -1.675
8 $1.326
9 1,375
10 1.435
Open Air and Open Window, Prevocational,
Subnormal, Epileptic, Cook County Hospital
Elementary Schools.
(8100 above primary.)
(Seven automatic Icwer group years.)
$1.075
6 1.125
7 1,176
8875
2 925
3 975
4 1.025
Five automatic upper group years.
8 81,225 li 81.455
9 1.275 12 1.575
10 1.335
Evening Schools.
1st 2d 3d 4th
year. year. year. year.
Elementary teachers.. 82. 25 82.50 82.75 83.00
Higrh school teachers. . 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00
Principals . 5.pO 6.00 6.50 7.00
Principals of schools with an average attend-
ance of less than 300 for the quarter shall not
advance beyond Sti.
Principals of schools having less than 600
and more than 300 shall not advance beyond
the third year of the schedule, 86.50.
Principals of schools having an average at-
tendance of 600 or m'ore may advance to the
fourth year of the schedule. 87.
Principals of schools having- an average at-
tendance of 1.000 or more, one-half or more
of which is made up of high school classes,
may advance to the fifth year of the schedule,
88. after serving one year at the fourth year
of the schedule.
Substitutes receive same rate as regular
teachers.
Community Centers.
Principals 85.00 per night
Teachers 2.50 per night
Accompanists 2.50 per night
Cadets 1.00 per night
Vacation Schools.
Principals ...88.00 per day
Teachers 4.00 per day
Teachers in open air schools. 825 .00 per week
CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOL FINANCES.
Statement of receipts and expenditures for the school year ending June 30, 1919.
SCHOOL TAX BUILDING FUND. j Tax levy. 1918 86,560.283.43
Cash balance', June 30, 1918... 82,299,402.98
Receipts.
Tax levy, 1916 388,244.10
Tax levy, 1917 . 2,940,569.08
Tax levy, 1918 2,350,768.24
Sale of building-s (condemna-
tion) 40,754.50
Rebates on special assessment.. 1,143.85
Miscellaneous receipts 8,852.66
Installments— Liberty loans 301,582.00
Interest on liberty loans 17,577.20
Sale of buildings (not condemna-
tion) 700.00
Refund of advance 500.00
Total 8,350,093.91
Expenditures.
School sites , 913,353.90
New buildings 3,225.898.92
Permanent improvements 406,364.55
Special assessments 76,839.47
General repairs 737.475.40
Rental of sites and buildings... 70,197.66
Inspection division 25.887.16
Administration expense 100,376.38
Liberty loan bonds 870,000.00
Victory liberty loan bonds 65,000.00
Vacations, bureau of repairs ... 5.662.56
Total 6,497,056.00
Deferred charges —
Repair division undistributed..
Factory division in excess of
amount distributed
Bureau of architecture undis-
tributed
Supply stock in excess of
amount distributed
Amount charged off from fac-
tory division
11,499.43
57,506.05
11,819.33
1,000.03
648.99
Total 6,579,529.83
Less discounts on purchases — 141.62
credit 1,417.13
Total
6,577,971.08
Cash balance, June 30, 1919... 1,772,122.83
Total 8,350.093.91
EDUCATIONAL FUND.
Cash on hand. June 30. 1918.... 8101.465.05
Receipts.
Tax levy, 1916 '
Tax levy. 1917 6.218.796.99
Rental of school property 9,180.38
Rental of assembly halls 5,717.01
Sale of textbooks 10,581.54
3.370.67
16.683.00
23.469.25
200.00
430.87
From temporary loans 11,751.600.00
Miscellaneous sales, etc.
Evening- school registration fees
Tuition fees— Summer high
schools
Tuition fees — Normal college . . .
Miscellaneous accounts receivable
Total
.25,451,196.67
Expeitdituret.
Business administration —
a. Salaries and wages 279,496.68
76,818.83
19,088.50
;'. Office supplies
z. Contingent and miscellaneous
Total 375,404.01
Educational administration —
a. Salaries and wages-: Teachers
Civil service employes
;'. Office supplies.
z. Contingent and miscellaneous
163,868.25
147.714.01
29,870.68
48,077.90
Total 389,530.84
Normal college: Instruction—
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
ers, regular day 125,746.20
Teachers, summer session ... 9,463.72
Civil service employes 1,615.00
;'. Educational supplies
2,783.89
Total
139.608.81
Secondary day schools: Instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
ers, regular day . .......... 2,773,091 18
Teachers, special activities.. 5.350.96
Civil service employes ...... 2,063.63
/. Educational supplies ........ 101.388.61
k. Textbooks and maps ........ 3,790.48
o. Educational equipment ---- 62.522.80
Total ......................... .. 2.948.207.66
Elementary day schools: Instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
era .......................... 9.915.509.85
Civil service employes ...... 2,709.00
c. Communication and transpor-
tation ....................... 1,228.81
;'. Educational supplies ........ 219,372.34
k. T^Tt books, mans, etc ........ 23,403.26
740 41 8 48 i°' Etlucational equipment ...... 13.500.89
Total . . .10,175,724.15
914
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Evening1 schools: Instruction—
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
ers $190.659.39
Civil service employes 1,905.16
; Educational supplies 13.680.76
k. Books, maps and globes 100.07
z. Contingent and miscellaneous 1.993.98
Total 208,339.36
Parental schools: Instruction—
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
ers 41.893.53
Civil service employes 8,716.31
/. Educational supplies 26,192.33
k. Textbooks ... 94.17
o. Educational equipment
Total ! 77,349.85
Chicago and Cook county school: Instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
ers 19,352.44
Civil service employes 6,511.18
/. Educational supplies 699.84
Total * 26.463.46
Chicago normal college: Operation—
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians 12,960.24
p. Gas and electricity 807.25
/. Fuel 6,017.88
TO. School plant supplies 330.45
Total
Secondary day schools: Operation—
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians
g. Gas and electricity
f. Fuel
m. School plant supplies
20,115.82
244.863.30
32,950.55
138,867.93
10.261.67
Total 426,943.46
Elementary day schools: Operation—
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians 1.191.481.30
c. Hauling ashes 17,575.94
?. Gas and electricity 58,796.65
. Fuel 675.992.83
m. School plant supplies 50.517.23
Total 1.994,363.95
Evening schools: Operation—
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians 23,557.70
f. Gas and electricity 7.035.00
Fuel 16.964.50
Total 47,557.20
Parental schools: Operation—
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians, etc 18,893.09
I. Fuel 11,682.13
m. School plant and farm sup-
plies 9.548.81
Total 40.124.03
Chicago and Cook county school: Operation—
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians 8,360.36
Contingent fund: Operation-
is. Engineer-custodians, overtime,
extra cleaning, etc 34,363.61
Community centers—
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
ers 26.721.70
Engineer-custodians 9,667.25
?Gas and electricity 879.00
. Educational supplies 986.;Vi
1. Fuel : 4.155.00
Total 42.409.51
Secondary vacation schools—
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
ers 43.817.56
Engineer-custodians 1,448.85
/. Educational supplies . 971.68
Total '. 46,238.09
Elementary vacation schools —
a. Salaries and wages: Teach-
ers $21,770.3-8
Bathroom attendants 1,187.66
Engineer-custodians 3,458.77
c. Excursions 283.06
;. Educational supplies 1,157.09
Total '. 27.866.86
Bathrooms —
a. Salaries and wages: Attend-
pnts 68.694.62
h. Towels 14,077.00
;. Educational supplies 2,320.34
76.091.961
72,318.71
Total
Transportation of pupils—
c. Bus hire and carfare
Penny lunches —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians, 6 months 1,633.00
&. Compensations, attendants... 21,303.80
o. Educational equipment 1,173.25
Total
School libraries—
a. Salaries and wages: Assist-
ant librarian
Cataloguer
k. Supplementary books
Total
School gardens —
a. Salaries and wages:
structors
;. Educational supplies ...
In-
24,110.05
1,640.00
1.127.16
7,694.69
10.461.86
2.497.92
2:800.16
Total 6.298.08
Miscellaneous— Pensions : Teachers 79.233.31
Employes 6.662.66
Total 85.895.86
Interest on temporary loans — 151.482.66
Total for educational purposes. 17.453,620.09
Less amount charged to school
fund 2,319.101.45
Lesa excess credits— Supply stock 70,918.61
Accounts payable 13,582.55
Storage fuel 13,601.16
Transfers to building- fund 91,583.76
Discount on purchases 394.87
2.609.182.40
Total 14,944,437.69
Contested salaries
Printing1 plant
War savings stamps
Advances to principals
teachers
and
54,662.38
20,598.25
3.858.03
2.425.09
Temporary loans paid 10.351,600.00
Cash balance. June 30. 1919 73.615.23
Grand total 25.451,196.67
SCHOOL FUND INCOME.
Cash balance. June 30. 1918 332,219.74
Receipts.
Rental of school fund property. .. 684.836.15
Tuition of nonresidents 6.408.44
Interest on investments. 57,435.09
Interest on deposits 19,718.11
State per capita, tax 1.466.944.19
Staite appropriation for deaf and
blind 33,734.92
State appropriation for delinquent 90,250.00
State appropriation for vocational
training- 6,666.96
Miscellaneous receipts . 68.75
Total 2.355.052.61
Transferred from school tax edu-
cational fund 10.722.000.00
Total „„« 13.109,272.35
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
915
Expenditures.
Salaries of supts. and teachers— _,„--_„_
Educational administration .... $163.868.25
Normal college
Secondary day schools
Elementary day schools
Parental
Chicago and Cook county school
for boys
School libraries 1,64:0.00
Total 13,041,101.45
902.05
31.058.64
56,210.21
School fund expense .-•:•••
Teachers' salaries (war training)
Cash balance. June 30, 1919...
32,000.00
Total 13.109.272.35
SCHOOL FUND PRINCIPAL ACCOUNT.
Cash on hand June 30, 1918.... $61.19
Receipts.
Bonds matured
Total
Expenditures.
U. S. fourth liberty loan.
U. S. victory loan bonds.
Total
32,061.19
$644.45
1,285.35
Cash on hand June 30, 1919
Total 32,061.19
SPECIAL FUNDS INCOME ACCOUNT.
Cash on hand June 30, 1918 $2,999.99
Receipts from interest 1.717.02
Total 4,717.01
Exoenditures 1,109.68
CaTh on hand June 30. 1919 3.607.33
Total 4.717.01
JONATHAN BURR FUND.
Cash on hand June 30. 1918
Receipts from interest
Total
Expenditures for books and sup-
plies
Cash on hand June 30. 1919
Total 1.92980
EXPENDITURES FOR ELEMENTARY DAY
SCHOOLS BY FUNCTIONS.
0. Principal's Office — T e a c hers'
salaries $952,123.12
1. General S t u d i e s— Teachers'
salaries 7,476.716.67
Educational supplies 73.859.41
Educational equipment 1,250.00
4. Household Arts — Teachers'
salaries
Educational supplies
Educational equipment
Total
5. Physical Education — T e a c h-
ers' salaries.
$272,623.37
35,025.86
5,902.27
313.551.50
100.850.55
3.925.87
442.11
1,929.80
1.279.60
650.20
Total 7,551,826.08
2. Kindergartens — T e a c h e rs'
salaries 502.895.64
Educational supplies 8.629.5-0
Total
3. Manual T r a i ning — Teachers'
salaries
Educational supplies
Educational equipment
Total .
Educational supplies
Educational equipment
Total '. 105,2118.53
8. Blind— Teachers' salaries 7,880.88
Educational supplies ._ 501.08
Total 8.381.96
9. Deaf— Teachers' salaries..;... 62;657.58
Educational supplies 630.09
Total 63,287.67
10. Fund text books 22,922.68
12. Maps, globes and reference
booka 437.01
13. Anaemic— Teachers' salaries. 40,559.00
Educational supplies 230.35
Total '. 40.789.35
14. Subnormal— Teachers' salaries 100.545.49
Educational supplies 4,615.50
Total '. 105,160.99
15. Truants— Teachers' salaries.. 25.851.35
Educational supplies 1.100.95
Total
16. Epileptics— Teachers' salaries
Educational supplies
Total T
18. Modern Languages— Teachers'
salaries
21. Detention Home — Teachers'
salaries
Educational supplies
Educational equipment ._
Total 7
23. Crippled Children— Teachers'
salaries
Educational supplies
Educational equipment
26,952.30
4,448.37
49.91
4,498.28
175.00
11.665.71
133.63
66.87
Educational equipment . . .
Books, maps and globes.
11.866.21
31,468.27
5.279.30
269.56
43.57
511,525.14
272,933.59
42.165.22 i
5.536.08 j
320,634.89 !
Total
24. Construction — Educat i o n a 1
supplies
25. Correct Speech — Teachers'
salaries
26. Art— Teachers' salaries
Postage, etc
Educational supplies ._
Total 7
27. Music — Teachers' salaries —
Civil service employes
Moving pianos
Educational supplies
Printing, etc ._
Total 7
Total for elementary schools.
37.060.70
18.989.12
11.427.64
28,379.34
100.00
21,559.87
50.039.21
22,308.28
2.709.00
1.128.81
1,114.52
. 1.596.16
28,856.77
.10,175.724.15
President— Leslie F. Gates.
Vice-Presidents—Hiram A. Sager and Charles
H. Sullivan.
Secretary — John R. Mauff.
Treasurer — Ernest A. Hamill.
Directors— Terms expire in 1920: Winfield S.
Day. James J. Fones. William E. Hudson. W.
H. Colvin. Herbert J. Blum. Terms expire in
CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE.
Jackson boulevard and LaSalle street.
Bunnell, Edward
1921: Emanuel F. Rosenbaum, John A. o'clock noon.
Andrew, G. W. Hales,
Adolph Kempner. Terms expire in 1922: L.
C. Brosseau. J. J. Bagley. J. W. McCulloh.
J. F. Lamy. W. H. Lake.
A gallery is set apart for the use of visit-
ors, but admission is by card only. The trad-
ing hours are 9:30 a. m. to 1:15 p. m., except
on Saturday, when the closing hour is 12
916
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CHICAGO POSTOFFICE.
Entrances on Adams. Clark and Dearborn
streets- telephone Harrison 4700; private ex-
change, all departments.
Postmaster— William B. Carlile; room 358,
Secretary^ohn T. McGrath. room 358. south
Assistant Postmaster— John M . Hubbard ; room
Su3p5erint8e0ndentWof&Mails-Frank H. Galbraith ;
*- wing.
Delivery— L. T. Steward;
B. Bennett (registry
Inhbv
(inquiry
room 379. west wing.
Ass't Supt. of Mails— J.
J. O'Malley (second
[. Brady (supply sec-
( auditor's
DSb „_.. -• w Bean (cashier's
sectionh Dearborn street lobby
Ass't Supt. of Finance— J. M. Hubbard, Jr.
(money order section), room 403.
Secretary Civil-Service Board— Peter Newton,
Inspecto^0°in Charge— James E. Stuart; room
Division, Railway Mail
Service— R. S. "Brauer. room 308. north
wing
CARRIER STATIONS AND SUPERINTEND-
ENTS.
Armour— 3017 Indiana-av.; Henry Welch. Jr.
Anhnrn Park— David Herriott. 738 W. 79th-st.
^ustin-Dugald Martin. 433-435 N. Waller-av.
C— 1205-7-9 W. Madison street; George Berz.
Canal— Canal street, north of Washington (C.
& N W. station): Robert T. Howard
Chicago Avenue Station— 210 West Chicago
avenue- William S. Snorf.
Chicago Lawn— 3510 West 63d street; Thomas
17 Armitage-av.: Peter J. O'Connor.
Cragin— 4207 Armitage-av.; .reter j. u u nnor
D— 2108-10 West MaQison street; James H
Dauphin 6Park— 8948 Cottage Grove avenue;
Jeremiah F. Collins.
Douglas Park— 1205-07 South Western avenue;
George N. Graves.
Dunning— 6441 West Irving Park boulevard:
Eastside— 9909 °E^ing-av. ; Walter G. Seborg.
Edtrewater— 5501-03 Broadway; John H. Har-
._ W. 51st-st.: Luman L. Shepard
Englewood— 449 West 63d street; Frederick
FmV-F?^st°_rStreet— 715-721 West 51st street;
) West Madison street
Thomas R. Heaney.
Grand Crossing— 7427-29 South Chicago ave
nue: James J. McKenna.
Hawthorne Station— 3647-49 Ogden avenue:
Edward O'Connell.
Hegewisch— 13303 Baltimore avenue: Mat-
thew Drinnan.
Humboldt Park— 1400-04 North Western ave-
nue; Edward Kinnare.
Hyde Park—
1304 East 55th street; Wilber E.
Crunibacker.
Irvine Park— 4218 West Irving Park boule
vard; John T. MoCormick.
Jackson Park— 6314-18 Maryland avenue;
James Kelly.
Jefferson — 4841 Milwaukee avenue; Ernest
Willmann.
Lake View— 1229-33 Belmont avenue: William
J. Becklenberg.
Lincoln Park— 1617-19 Larrabee street; Wil-
liam R. Rennacker.
Logan Square— 2311-2313 Milwaukee avenue;
James Stott.
M — 4235-37 Cottage Grove avenue; James N.
McArthur.
McKinley Park— 3450-54 Archer avenue;
Frank Ryan.
Mont Clare — 2314-16 Sayre avenue; George F.
Dupuis.
Morgan Park— 1085 West lllth street; Fred-
erick W. Dayton.
North Halsted— 2454-58 North Halsted street:
Michael J. Keigher.
Norwood Park— 6040 Avondale avenue; Stan-
ley C. de Long.
Ogden Park Station— 1614-16 West 63d street:
Patrick J. Mahoney.
Pilsen— 1507-09 West 18th street: Joseph H.
Richak.
Pullman— lllth place and Cottage Grove ave-
nue; Gustbv A. Ernst.
Ravenswood — 1812-14 Wilson avenue; Harry
A. Garvey.
Riverdale— 13565 Indiana-av.; Otto F. Grange.
Rogers Park — 1774-76 Lunt avenue: William
S. Hussander.
South Chicago— N. E. corner 92d street and
Exchange avenue; Patrick T. O'Sullivan.
Stockyards— 700-04 Root-st.: Henry C. Smale.
Twentieth Street Station— 1929 Indiana ave-
nue: Albert L. Anderson.
Washington Heights— 1254 West 103d street ;
John J. Goss.
Wpst Pullman— 12005 Halsted street; Frank
M . Turner.
Wicker Park— 1221-25 North Paulina street:
Frank A. Kwasigroch.
STATIONS WITHOUT CARRIERS.
Masonic Temple— 159 North State street;
Henry Jaques.
South Water— 207 North LaSalle street; Al-
bert P. Treleaven.
Stock Exchange— 30 North LaSalle street:
Charles Bonus.
Sheridan Park — Richard A. Haussner.
In additi9n to the above there are 311 num-
bered stations served from the carrier sta-
tions, each with a clerk in charge.
There are 4.328 clerks in the general post-
office and stations and 2,185 carriers, includ-
ing collectors.
COLLECTIONS AND DELIVERIES.
In the downtown district there are twenty-
six Elections of mail matter between 7 a. m.
and 11 p. m.; in the outlying districts there
are from four to twelve collections. Mail is
delivered six times a day in the business dis-
trict and three times in the outlying districts.
Snecial delivery letters are delivered in the
central postoffice district
7 a. m. and
11 p. m. and from stations within their re-
snective districts between 7 a. m. and 6 p. m.
deMverv mail received in sn^cial deliv-
ery section which can reach the point of de-
livery up to annroximat.elv 11 p. m. daily will
be giv*m service throughout the city.
In the district bounded by the Chicago river
on the north and west, and on the south by
Roosevelt road, hotels, cluhs. n°wsnapers ana
theaters have three night deliveries between
6 and 12 p. m.
POSTAL RECEIPTS.
Year ended June 30. 1919.
Stamps and stamped pnner $32.243.751.32
Second, third and fourth class
postage and box rent 3.417.644.27
Miscellaneous receipts 13.071.20
Total 35.674,466.79
REGISTERED MAIL.
Fiscal year 1919.
Official registration, fee prepaid. 4.316.
Letters registered with fee prepaid. 2.410.639.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
917
Parcel post and third class registered with fee j
prepaid. 141.475.
Registered letters received for delivery,
3.418.878.
Registered parcel post and third class received
for delivery. 66.383.
Exchange office articles received in transit.
308.768.
Registered jackets and sack jackets received
and opened. 164,802.
Registered jackets and sack jackets made up
and dispatched. 42.685.
Through registered pouches and inner sacks re-
ceived. 155.679.
Through registered pouches and inner sacks
made up and dispatched, 160,729.
Official letters and parcels registered free,
309,584.
Total number of registered articles handled,
7.183,878.
Letters registered by carrier. 5.057.
Registered articles received in transit, 2,382.-
681.
Through registered pouches and inner sacks re-
ceived in transit. 54.644.
Grand total, 9,626,260.
MAILING DIVISION.
Mails handled in the mailing division during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919.
Pounds. Pieces.
Letters 21,590,000 1,014,727,069
Specials 159.151 3,978,775
Nixies 209.449 5.236,239
Second class 85.020.400 425,102.000
Third class 35.175.800 432,109.600
Parcel post 267,916.600 269.226.300
Total 410,071,400 2,150,379.983
Increase 37.490454 126,237,723
Per cent increase in weight 10.1
Per cent increase in pieces 6.2
Proportion of errors in handling: mail. .00003
DELIVERY DIVISION.
Amount of mail matter of all classes re-
ceived for delivery during the fiscal year ended
June 30. 1919.
Mail letters, 314.532.731.
Local letters, 257,344.962.
Mail letters received at stations 134.799.742.
Local letters received at stations. 110.290,698.
Total number of letters. 816.968.133.
Newspapers, circulars, etc.. 179.311.251.
Grand total of all classes of mail received
for delivery, 996.279.384.
MONEY ORDER BUSINESS.
Fiscal year 1919.
Domestic money orders paid (30.539,927).
$208,003,833.66.
International money orders paid (21.476).
fco-iO.5bO.71.
Domestic money orders issued (2.113,334).
$19.803,470.33.
Fees on domestic money orders issued, $143.-
800.78.
International money orders issued (76.219),
$999.417.06.
Fees on international money orders issued.
$12,544.00.
Certificates of deposit issued (179.828).
$183.790.443.27.
Transferred to credit of postmaster-general.
$3.700.000.
Auditor's circulars, $12.362.31.
P. M. drafts on New York. $1,800.000.
Transferred from postal funds, $500,000.
POSTAL SAVINGS BANK.
The postal savings bank was opened at the
main postoffice, Chicago, Aug. 1. 1911. Any
one 10 years old or over may open an account.
No account may be opened for less than $1.
nor will fractions of a dollar be accepted for
deposit. Depositors are now allowed to de-
posit a total of $2.500, any part or all of
which may be deposited in any month.
Deposits are evidenced by postal savings cer-
tificates issued in denominations of $1. $2, $5,
$10, $20, $50. $100. $200 and $500.
Depositors of the postal sayings system by
applying therefor thirty days in advance may
exchange the whole or a part of their deposits
on Jan. 1 or Jtfly 1 of each year for United
States registered or coupon bonds in denomina-
tions of $:ZO. $100 and $500. bearing interest at
the rate of 2% per cent per annum, payable
semiannually and redeemable at the pleasure of
the United States after one year from the date
of issue, both principal and interest payable
twenty years from that date in United States
gold coin.
Postal savings banks have also been estab-
lished at the following postal stations: Ar-
mour. Auburn Park, Austin. C. Canal. Chicago
Avenue. Chicago Lawn. Cragin, D. Dauphin
Park, Douglas Park. Eastside. Edgewater, Els-
don. Englewood. 51st Street. Garfield Park.
Grand Crossing. Hawthorne, Hegewisch. Hum-
boldt Park. Hyde Park, Irving Park, Jackson
Park, Jefferson. Lake View, Lincoln Park.
Logan Sauare. M, McKinley Park, Morgan Park,
North Halsted, Norwood Park. Ogden Park.
Pilsen. Pullmr n. R;>venswood, Riverdale. Rog-
ers Park. Sheridan Park, South Chicago, Stock-
yards. 20th Street. Washington Heights. West
Pullman. Wicker Park and at stations No. 10
(Hull House) and No. 195 (Boston Store)
The Chicago office ranks third in the United
States with total deposits June 30, 1919 of
$7,743.441 and 22,748 depositors.
SUPERINTENDENTS OF
Names and dates of appointments:
W. W. Kennedy, April, 1871.
Elmer Washburn, April, 1872.
Jacob Rehm, December, 1873.
Michael C. Hickey, Oct. 7. 1875.
Valerius A. Seavey, July 30. 1878.
Simon O'Donnell. Dec. 15. 1879.
William J. McGarigle, Dec. 13. 1880.
Austin J. Doyle, Nov. 13, 1882.
Frederick Ebersold, Oct. 26, 1885.
George W. Hubbard, April 17, 1888.
Frederick H. Marsh, Jan. 1, 1890.
Robert W. McClaughry, May 18. 1891.
Michael Brennan, Sept. 11, 1893.
John J. Badenoch. April 11, 1895.
Joseph Kipley. April 16, 1897. and April. 1899.
Francis O'Neill, April 30. 1901. and June 26,
1903.
John M. Collins, July 26. 1905.
George M. Shippy. April 15, 1907.
LeRoy T. Steward. Aug. 4. 1909.
John McWeeny, May 1, 1911.
James Gleason, Nov. 3, 1913.
POLICE OF CHICAGO.
Charles C. Healey. April 26. 1915.
Herman F. Schuettler. Jan. 11. 1917.
John J. Garrity, Nov. 25, 1918.
The first heads of the Chicago police force
were known as head constables. John Shridley
served from 1837 to 1839 and Samuel J. Lowe
from 1839 to 1842. Then the title was
changed to city marshal, those serving under
that name being:
Orson Smith, 1842-1844.
Philip Dean, 1844-1848.
Ambrose Burnham. 1848-1852.
James L. Howe. 1852-1854
Darius Knight. 1854-1856.
Cyrus P. Bradley, 1856-1858.
J. M. Donnelly. 1859.
Jacob Rehm. 1859.
Iver Lawson, 1860.
In 1861 the position was given the official
title of superintendent of police. Cyrus P. Brad-
ley served from 1861 to 1863; William Tuit.'e
from 3864 to 1866 and Jacob Rehm from 1866
to 1871.
918
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
LATE CENSUSES .
Jan. 1, 1920 (estimate
July 1, 1919 (estimate
Government estimate (
Federal census (1910)
School board estimate (
Citv directory (1917).
•Estimated by city st£
POPULATION BY
1 <*4ft 4 479
POPULATION
iND ESTIMATES.
)* 2672,922
OF CHICAGO.
Year. South. We
1884 149,564 < 351.J
1886 172,379 392, <
1888 194,164 454,'
1890 413,922 555.J
1892 515.736 645,'
1894 562,980 696.
1896 585,298 734,5
1898 680,527 844,
1900 725,691 938,
1904 652,093 764,
1908 724,018 872.
1910 813.406 1,003.
1914 886,818 1,133.
1916f 906,615 1.158.
1920 1,081,139 1,337,
•Exclusive of 16,22
mated by municipal re
FOREIGN NATIO1
[From federal
The following: table
sons in Chicago in 19
parentage classified by
•Per
Country. Total, cent.
Austria 227,958 13.5
Belgium 3,931 0.2
Canada,
French 12.873 0.8
Canada,
other 53,580 3.2
Denmark 20,772 1.2
England 63,054 3.7
Finland 15,069 0.1
Prance 7.138 0.4
Germany501,832 29.6
Greece 7.454 0.4
Holland 20.456 1.2
Hungary 37,990 2.2
Ireland 204.821 12.1
Italy 74,943 4.4
*Of white populatio
parentage. t Native
were born in different 1
than one-tenth of 1 pe
Nativity an
Fo
Country. b(
Austria 132,
st. North. Total.
)31 128,490 629,986
)05 138,533 703,817
267 154,220 802,951
)83 238,764 1,208.669
128 279,846 1,438,010
335 307,212 1,567,727
>45 286.870*1.600.413
244 326,817 1,851.588
883 343.121 2.007.695
321 297.430 1,714.144
056 327.986 1,924.060
261 372.853 2.189.520
197 417.511 2.437.526
497 426.827 2.491.939
380 481.481 2,900.000
2 unclassified. tEsti-
ference librarian.
^ALITIES (1910)
census report.]
includes all white per-
LO of foreign birth or
nationalities:
•Per
Country. Total, cent.
Norway 47.235 2.8
Roumania 4,322 0.3
Russia 184,757 10.9
Scotland 22.840 1.3
Sweden 116,740 6.9
Switzer-
land 7,192 0.4
Turkey
(Asia) 1.486 0.1
Turkey
(Europe) 758 $
Wales 4,686 0.3
All othert65,531 3.9
,)» 2,647,353
1918) . 2 596.681
....2.185,283
1916) 2,550.000
.....2,652,000
itistician.
CENSUS YEARS.
1880... 503,298
IS^O 28~269
1890 1,099.850
i860".:::::: 109:206
1900 1,698.575
1910 2,185,283
'ncrease.
Period. Ratio.
1880 to 1890.... 118.6
1890 to 1900 54.4
19,00 to 1910.... 28.7
100! census for May 4,
1 ratio of increase for
910 to 1914 close to
r the decade from 1900
BY WARDS.
thirty-five wards of
as estimated by Fred-
icipal reference library
is based on a report
commission made in
are larger than those
sn above.
division.
Ward. Population.
8 .. 94,195
1870 298,977!
Rate of
Period. Ratio.
1840 to 1850.... 570.3
1850 to 1860 264.6
1860 to 1870.. ..173. 6
1870 to 1880 68.3
The figures of the scl
1914, showed a norma
the four years from 1
the 28 per cent ratio fo
to 1910.
• POPULATION
Population of the
Chicago in July, 1920;
erick Rex of the mun
in 1919. The table
of the Chicago waste
1914 and the figures
in other estimates giv
South 1
Ward. Population.
1 57,930
66,285
9 104,518
3 78.661
29... . 104,787
Total 1,693,918 100.0
n of foreign birth or
whites whose parents
oreign countries. JLess
r cent.
i Parentage.
, Native. \
reign 'Parents |1 parent
>rn. foreign, foreign.
059 85.208 10,691
365 904 362
633 4,507 3.733
313 7.202 20.065
484 7,020 2.268
890 14,860 20,304
191 339 39
030 1,845 2.263
281 244,185 75,366
564 697 193
632 8.070 2,754
938 8.286 766
963 99,346 39.512
169 27,737 2.037
186 18,156 4.893
344 931 47
786 58.417 4.554
303 6.279 6.258
035 46.321 7.384
493 2,033 1,666
175 284 27
711 36 11
818 1.467 1.401
554 $60,889 1,088
4 56 280
30 72513
5 89 662
31 80.265
6 87.944
Total 1 081 139
7 79 791
West L
Ward. Population.
10 64 958
ivision.
Ward. Population.
19 71 795
11 69 606
20 55647
12 102 878
27 121 906
13 79,678
14 70 483
28... 71,830
33 134 654
15 79,975
16 71 745
34 91.269
35 105 100
Belgium 2,
Canada, French ... 4,
Canada, other 26,
Denmark 11,
17 73.603
18 72,863
North i
Ward. Population.
21 60851
Division.
Ward. Population.
25 95 889
England 27,
Finland 1,
France 3
Germany 182
22 66,855
26 109.456
Holland 9
23 77044
Total 481 481
24 71 386
POPULATION BY DIVISIONS.
[School census reports.]
Year. South. West. North. Total.
1853 26,592 14.679 17.859 50.130
1856 30,339 28,250 25.524 84.113
1862 45.470 57,193 35,525 138.186
1864 56,955 73.475 38.923 169 353
1866 58,755 90.739 50.924 200 418
1868 71,073 118.435 62,546 252.054
1870 87.461 149.780 70,354 306.605
1872 88.946 214.344 64,556 367.391
1874 96.771 220.874 77.763 305.408
1876 104.768 222.545 80 348 407 061
1878 111.116 237,606 88.009 436731
1880 122.032 269.971 90.513 4P1..M6
1882 135,648 312,687 112.258 560 693
Italy 45.
Norway . . °4
Roumania 3,
Russia 1°1
Scotland 10
Sweden 63
Switzerland . 3
Turkey (Asia) ... 1
Turkey (Europe)
Wales 1.
All other 3,
Total .... 781
217 705.019 207.682
in same foreign coun-
ign born, the other na-
orn in different foreign
*Both parents born
try. fOne parent fore
tive born. JParents t
countries.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
919
COLOR AND NATIVITY.
White 2,139,057
Negro 44,103
Black 25,760
Mulatto 18,343
Indian 108
Chinese 1,778
Japanese N 233
All other 4
Native white —
Native parentage ...445,139
Foreign or mixed par. 912, 701
Foreign born white. . .781,217
SEX.
Total— Male 1,125,764
Female 1,059.519
White— Male 1,101,110
Female 1,037,947
Negro— Male 22,685
Female 21,418
MALES OF VOTING AGE.
Total number 700,590
Native white— Nat. par.125,703
Native white— For. par.175.397
Foreig-n born white 379,850
Negro 17,845
Chinese, etc 1,795
CITIZENSHIP.
Foreign Born White.
Naturalized ,.' 190,693
First papers 31,586
Alien 124,553
Unknown 33,019
ILLITERACY.
Illiterate Males of Voting
Age.
Total number 35,636
Per cent 5.1
Native white 717
Foreign born white... 34,145
Negro 546
CHICAGO SCHOOL CENSUS OF MARCH 27, 1916.
Taken under the supervision of William L. Bodine for the board of education.
TOTAL POPULATION.
Taking the minor population conservative multi-
ple, which proved to be the only one success-
fully close to the actual federal enumeration of
the total population in 1910, Mr. Bodine estimated
the total population of all ages in Chicago in
1916 at 2,550,000. This would be an increase of
112.474 as compared with the school census of
1914, which covered all ages and showed a total
population of 2,437,526. Mr. Bodine pointed out
that the ratio of increase in both the minor
and total population had been appreciably re-
tarded in the two years by the decrease in immi-
gration from Europe, by the return of /many
foreign born parents to take part in the war,
by the trend of many families to the suburbs
close to Chicago but outside the city limits
where they could not be included in the census,
and by the growth of apartment houses with
limited space.
MINOR POPULATION SINCE 1906.
1906 . 706550 1912 • 882 Rlfi
7, 8, 9, 29, 30, 31, 32.
wards 10, 11, 12. 13, 14,
28, 33, 34, 35. The noi
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
MINOR POPUL^
Under 4
Fe-1 .
Ward. Male. male.Total,
1.... 1,246 1,035 2,281
2.... 1,562 1,243 2,805
3 2,277 1,941 4,218
4.... 3,614 3,692 7,306
b 3,878 3,679 7,557
6.... 2,299 1,976 4,275.
7.... 2,514 2,305 4,819
8.... 4,077 3,660 7,737
9.... 4,243 3,668 7,911
10.... 3,455 3,373 6,828
11 4,341 4,159 8.500
12 4,080 3,662 7,742
13.... 2,293 2,146 4,439
14 3 143 2 984 6 197
The west side includes
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27,
•th side includes wards
TION BY AGE.
Years-
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19.... 3,872 3,583 7,455
20.... 3,261 3,099 6,360
21.... 1,450 1,379 2,829
22.... 3,443 3,139 6,582
23.... 2,610 2,121 4,731
M.... 2,990 2,629 5,619
25.... 2,828 2,577 5,405
26.... 3,363 3,117 6,480
27.... 5,430 5,059 10,489
28.... 3,257 2,894 6,151
29 6,001 5,504 11,505
30.... 3,139 2,824 5,963
31.... 2,572 2,484 5,056
32.... 3,649 3,426 7,075
33.... 3,818 3,342 7,160
34.... 4,049 3,693 7,742
35.... 3,543 3,062 6,605
1908 .. . 747,347
1914 954,413
1910 814.115
AGE AND SEX CL;
Age. Ma
1916 996,059
OSSIFICATION, 1916.
le. Female. Total.
)62 107,049 224,111
153 55,763 112,916
)60 31,960 64,020
L79 152,368 304,547
«8 48,711 96,949
504 103,712 193,516
15.... 3,965 3,605 7,570
16.... 4,343 4,128 8,471
17.... 4,616 4,320 8,936
18.... 1,841 1,541 3,382
Over 4 arid U
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
1.... 636 593 1,229
2.... 857 846 1,703
3.... 933 981 1,914
4.... 1,766 1,793 3,559
5.... 1,776 1,686 3,462
6.... 1,077 1,004 2,081
7.... 1,238 1,171 2,409
8.... 1,785 1,787 3,572
9.... 2,071 2,034 4,105
10 531 1,487 3,018
11.... ,911 1,876 3,787
12.... 1,684 1,696 3,380
13.... 1,225 1,256 2,481
14.... 1,797 1,660 3,457
15 837 1,788 3,625
16.... 1,640 1,623 3,263
17.... 1,832 1,774 3,606
18.... 858 798 1,656
Over 6 and V
Fe-
Ward. Male. male. Total.
1.... 372 371 743
2 570 558 1,128
3.... 694 761 1,455
4.... 1,068 1,086 2,154
5.... 909 833 1,742
6.,.. 642 695 1,337
7.... 654 662 1,316
8.... 913 879 1,792
9.... 1,133 1,114 2,247
10 818 85' 1 670
T'l. 117,062 107,049 224,111
nder 6 Years.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19.... 1,816 1,760 3,576
20.... 1,753 1,767 3,520
21.... 819 811 1,630
22.... 1,650 1,625 3,275
23.... 1,309 1,156 2,465
24.... 1,542 1,620 3,162
25.... 1,410 1,412 2,822
26.... 1,979 1,917 3,896
27.... 2,788 2,522 5,310
28.... 2,057 1,950 4,007
29.... 2,770 2,833 5,603
30.... 1,393 1,443 2,836
31.... 1,505 1,489 2,994
32 2 1°4 2 035 4 159
Over 4 and under 6... 57,
Over 6 and under 7... 32,
Over 7 and under 14.. 152,
Over 14 and under 16. 48,
Over 16 and under 21. 89,
Total 496.
196 499,563 996,059
ION BY WARDS.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19.... 14,466 14,938 29,404
20.... 12,315 13,359 25,674
21.... 6,355 6,487 12,842
22.... 12, 721 12,849 25,570
23.... 11,723 11,591 23,314
24.... 14, 281 14,144 28,425
25.... 14, 145 14,763 28,908
26.... 16,561 16,450 33,011
27. ...24,163 23,265 47,428
28.... 17,050 16,940 33,990
29.... 22,605 22,925 45,530
30.... 14. 076 14.044 28,120
31.... 13, 282 13,544 26,826
32.... 18,424 18,614 37,038
33.... 18.294 17,707 36,001
34.... 18.920 19,052 37,972
35.... 16. 003 15.833 31,836
T'l. 496,496 4'99.563 996^059
3N BY DIVISIONS.
Female. Totnl.
? 174.017 347,270
J 249.2P.2 496,719
5 76,284 152,070
MINOR POPULAT
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
1.... 4,983 4,753 9,736
2.... 7,099 6.887 13,986
3.... 8,629 8,973 17,602
4.... 15, 272 15,845 31,117
5.... 15,398 15,242 30,640
6.... 10,034 10,342 20,376
7.... 11,646 11,764 23,410
8.... 15,605 15,268 30,873
9.... 16,200 15,816 32.016
10.... 14,704 14,959 29,663
11.... 15,386 15,974 31,360
12.... 15.249 15,136 30,385
13.... 11,133 11,775 22,908
14.... 12,837 12,982 25,819
15.... 16,951 16,862 33,813
16.... 16,579 16,824 33,403
17.... 15,614 15,822 31,436
18.... 7,793 7,834 15,627
MINOR POPULATI
Side. Male
South 173 25
33.... 2,120 1,945 4,065
34.... 1.936 1,912 3,848
35.... 1,728 1,713 3,441
T'l. 57,153 55,763 112,916
nder 7 Years.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Totnl.
12.... 993 963 1,956
13.... 737 834 1,571
14.... 1,092 1,081 2,173
15.... 915 930 1,845
16.... 907 894 1,801
17....' 849 872 1.721
18.... 516 524 1,040
19.... 1,178 1,167 2,345
20.... 1,224 1,176 2,400
21.... 515 503 1,018
22.... 945 994 1,939
West 247 45
North » . 75 7g
Total .. ...496.496 499,563 996,059
11 ." 1.025 1,019 2J044
920
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
23. 696 732 1,428
24. 942 943 1,885
25. 837 799 1,636
26. 1,041 1,093 2,134
27. 1,325 1,283 2,608
28. . 1,275 1,144 2,419
29. . 1,445 1,476 2,921
Over 7 and U'
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
1.... 1,499 1,561 3,060
2.... 2,370 2,440 4,810
3 2,227 2,440 4,667
4.... 4,508 4,377 8,885
5.... 4,544 4,326 8,870.
6.... 2,951 3,181 6,132
7.... 3,842 3,907 7,749
8 4,934 4,871 9,805
9.... 5,024 4,944 9,968
10.... 4,830 4,833 9,663
11.... 4,479 4,484 8,963
12.... 4,582 4,652 9,234
13.... 3,609 3.716 7.325
14.... 3,855 3,820 7,675
15.... 5,348 5,331 10,679
16.... 4.991 4,990 9,981
17.... 4,557 4,542 9,099
18.... 2,545 2,648 5,193
Over 14 and U
Ward. Male, mlle.Total.
.1... 379 408 787
2.... 529 561 1,090
3 616 651 1,267
4... 1,851 1,857 3,708
5... 1,520 1,453 2,973
6... 888 945 1.833
7... 1,048 1,149 2,197
8... 1,542 1,482 3,024
9... 1,526 1,536 3,062
10... 1,508 1,448 2,956
11... 1,404 1,447 2,851
12... 1,338 1,451 2,839
13... 1,033 1,063 2,096
14... 1,173 1,260 2,433
15... 1,595 1,563 3,158
16... 1,352 1,350 2,702
17... 1,616 1,612 3,228
18... 698 651 1,349
Over 16 and U
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
1... 851 785 1,636
2... 1,211 1,239 2,450
3.... 1,882 2,199 4,081
4... 2,465 3,040 5,505
5.. 2,771 3,265 6,036
6.... 2,177 2,541 4,718
7... 2,350 2,570 4,920
8.... 2,354 2,589 4,943
9... 2,203 2,520 4,723
10... 2,562 2,966 5,528
11... 2,226 2,989 5,215
12... 2,522 2,712 5,234
13... 2,236 2,760 4,996
14... 1,777 2,177 3,954
15... 3,291 3,645 6,936
16... 3,346 3,839 7,185
17... 2,144 2,702 4,846
18... 1,335 1,672 3,007
SCHOOL AT
By children of compulsc
7 and uncle
Ward. Publi
1 25
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
30... 744 754 1,498
31;.. 892 862 1,754
32... 1,134 1,138 2,272
33... 1,178 1,119 2,297
34... 972 964 1,936
35... 910 885 1,795
Ward. Public. Private. (*) Total.
5 5 295 3 508 67 8 870
6 4,807 1,311 14 6*132
7. 5 884 1 838 27 7 749
8 5,859 3,883 63 9',805
10 8284 1346 33 9*663
11 4,472 4,470 21 8*963
T'l. 32,060 31,960 64,020
ider 14 years.
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19.... 4,049 4,021 S.UVO
20 3,454 4,009 7,463
21 1,942 1,969 3,911
22.... 3,837 3,762 7,599
23..'.. 3,246 3,374 6,620
24 4,284 4,177 8,461
25.... 3,788 3,878 7,666
26.... 5,119 4,934 10,053
27.... 8,273 7,831 16,104
28.... 5,159 5,180 10,339
29 6,829 7,048 13.877
30.... 4,435 4,232 8,667
31.... 4,182 4,121 8,303
32.... 5,992 5,969 11,961
33.... 5,719 5,500 11,219
34.... 6,173 6,276 12,449
35.... 5,003 5,024 10,027
12 7,503 1,717 14 9,234
13 4 758 2 553 14 7 325
16.. 4544 5*381 ^fi <l'<lS1
17 5,365 3,680 54 9,099
19 7,153 908 9 8*070
20 6 218 1 230 15 7 463
21 2,455 1441 15 3*911
22 5,545 1,994 60 7*599
23 5,230 1,359 31 6,620
24 5,585 2,837 39 8,461
2o 6,067 1,561 38 7.668
27 12,463 3*567 74 16*104
28 7,620 2,663 56 10,339
29 8,649 5,178 50 13.877
30 5,008 3,596 63 8,667
31 6,061 2,198 44 8,303
32 9,892 1,983 86 11.961
33... 9,060 2,112 47 11,219
T'l.152,179 152,368 304,547
nder 15 Years.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19... 1,247 1,205 2,452
20... 1,163 1,184 2,347
21... 648 614 1,262
22... 1,016 986 2,002
23... 1,613 1,622 3,235
24... 2,008 2,047 4,055
25... 1,831 1,981 3,812
26... 1,608 1,511 3,119
27... 2,029 2,058 4,087
28... 1,303 1,362 2,665
29... 1,758 1,750 3,508
30... 2,193 2,184 4,377
31... 1,243 1,327 2,570
32... 1,501 1,527 3,028
33.... 1,993 2,015 4,008
34.... 1,823 1,802 3,625
35.... 1,595 1,649 3,244
T'l. 18,238 48,711 96,949
nder 21 Tears.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19.. 2,304 3,202 5,506
20.. . 1,460 2.124 3,584
21.. 981 1,211 2,192
22.. 1,830 2,343 4,173
23.. 2,249 2,586 4,835
24.. 2,515 2,728 5,243
25.. 3,451 4,116 7,567
26.. 3,451 3,878 7,329
27.. 4,318 4,512 8,830
28.. 3,999 4,410 8,409
29.. 3,802 4,314 8,116
30.. 2,172 2,607 4,779
31.. 2,888 3,261 6,149
32.. 4,024 4,519 8,543
33.. 3,466 3,786 7,252
34.. 3,967 4,405 8,372
35.. 3,224 3,500 6,724
35....% 7,016 3,005 6 10,027
Total 220 685 82 654 1 208 304 547
*Not in school for thirty cons'e*utive days.
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Minors over 14 and under 16 yeans of age.
f Attending School ^ , Working -^
Office or
Ward. Public.Private.(*) store. Fact'y. Mis. Total.
1 513 125 5 45 47 52 787
2 738 179 13 74 ' 36 f>0 1 nQrt
3 899 343 2 18 4 1 1267
4 1661 1191 51 258 28? 9(K ^*7na
5 1,706 737 23 172 143 192 2973
6 1,301 502 4 20 1 5 1833
I L567 505 14 39 8 64 2197
9... 1984 715 47 72 34. 91 A 1AM
JO- 1,830 551 29 134 203 209 2956
12 1,735 376 24 168 230 306 2,839
13.. 1,199 633 9 113 48 94 2096
14.. 1,693 377 58 107 93 105 2433
15.. 2,092 334 6 264 195 267 3,158
16.. 962 990 21 86 480 163 2,702
17.. 1,818 826 9 116 263 196 3,228
18.. 878 238 6 82 74 71 1349
19.. 1,834 253 6 56 182 116 2452
20.. 1,657 271 13 114 184 108 2,347
21 700 451 10 46 17 38 1 2R2
22 1 074 437 4C> 145 18S iiq 9*nn9
23::::::: 2*321 755 & 1 g "J l-gi
24 2202 1244 85 156 169 1<W <Tnv;
2° • 2 772 965 16 29 5 25 3 812
26..., . 1832 702 271 78 911 9*1 1Q
27.... 2406 575 36 338 397 dffc A n97
28 1475 447 11 194 591 907 *> RRK
30... . 2581 1442 68 114 76 96 4377
31 1^682 *492 12 171 59 154 2^70
32 2,173 522 39 123 19 152 3 028
33 3,021 466 90 168 82 181 4,008
34 2 319 553 30 232 231 260 3 625
T'l.89.804 103,712 193,516
TENDANCE,
ry attendance age — over
r 14 years.
e. Private. (*) Total.
20 534 6 3,060
?0 864 26 4,810
f4 1,288 5 4,667
58 4.156 41 8.885
35 2,044 767 6 195 98 134 3*244
Total 59,485 21,186 885 4,807 4,937 5,649 96,949
*Out of school and out of work for thirty con-
secutive days.
DEAF, BLIND, CRIPPLED AND ILLITERATE
MINORS.
There were in 1916 567 deaf children in the city
and 182 minors who were blind, or npnrlv BO
2 39
3 s'n
4 . 4,6!
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
921
There are 126 more who have visual defects lead-
ing to the sightless life.
The city had 645 crippled minors of whom 210
were so incapacitated that they were eligible for
transportation service to the crippled children's
centers. There were 2,086 so called "subnormal"
minors in the entire city, including those feeble-
minded, mentally backward or having mental de-
fects. Returns from special divisions in the
public schools make a complete count of this
class of children possible. Chicago has 221 mutes.
The illiterates over 12 and under 21, mostly be-
tween 16 and 21, total 573, who cannot rend or
write.
NO SCHOOL CENSUS IN 1918. '
Owing to litigation over the membership of the
board of education no school census was taken in
Chicago in 1918.
CEMETERIES IN CHICAGO AND VICINITY.
Arlington— West thirteen miles, near Elmhurst.
Bethany— Archer avenue and 79th street.
Bohemian National— North Crawford and Poster
avenues.
15'uai Abraham— South of Waldheim.
B'nai Sholom— North Clark street, near Irving
Park boulevard.
B'rith Abraham — Des Plaines avenue and 14th
street. Forest Park.
Brookside— West sixteen miles, near South Elm-
hurst.
Calvary — North ten miles, near South Evanston.
Chebra Gemilath Chasadim Ubikur Cholim— North
Clark street, near Irving Park boulevard.
Chebra Kadisha Ubikur Cholim— North Clark
street, near Irving Park boulevard.
Chevra Shomer Hadas — Nine miles west on Des
Plaines avenue, south of West Roosevelt road.
Concordia— Nine miles west on Madison street.
Crown Hill — Fourteen miles west on Aurora. El-
gin & Joliet railway.
Eden — Irving Park boulevard, near Franklin Park.
Elm Lawn— West thirteen miles on Lake street,
near Elmhurst.
Elmwood — Grand and Beach avenues.
Evergreen — South Kedzie avenue and 87th street.
Fairmount — Willow Springs.
Fair Oaks Park — Matteson. south.
Forest Home— West ten miles on Roosevelt road.
Free Sons of Israel— Waldheim.
German Lutheran— North Clurk street and Irving
Park boulevard.
Graceland — North five miles on Clark street.
Hebrew Benevolent Society— North Clark street,
near Irving Park boulevard.
Highland— West Chicago.
Lincoln — Kedzie avenue and 123d.
Montrose— Bryn Mawr and Crawford avenues.
Moses Montefiore— South of Forest Home.
Mount Auburn — Southwest nine and one-half miles
at 39th street and Oak Park avenue.
Mount Carmel— Hillside Station.
Mount Forest— Thornton. 111.
Mount Glenwood— Thornton. 111.
CHICAGO CITY TREASURERS SINCE
Hiram Pearsons 1837-1S38
George W. Dole 1839
Walter S. Gurnee. .1840, 1843-1844
N. H. Bolles 1840-1841
Wm. L. Church. 1845-1846,1848-1*49
Andrew Getzler 1847
Edward Manierre 1850-1853
Uriah P. Harris 1854
William F. DeWolf 1855
O. J. Rose
C.
Holden.
1857
Alonzo Harvey 1858-1860
Charles H. Hunt 1860
W. H. Bice 1861-1862
David A. Gage.1863-1864, 1869-1S73
A. G. Throop 1865-1866
Willard F. Wentworth..l867-18o9
Daniel O'Hara 1873-1875
Clinton Briggs 1876
Charles R. Larrabee 1877-1878
William C. Seipp 1879-1881
Rudolph Brand 1881-1883
John M. Dunphy 1883-1885
William M. Devine 1885-1887
C. Herman Plautz 1887-1889
Mount Groenwood— Near Morgan Park; south.
Mount Hope — Near Morgan Park.
Mount Israel — Dunning.
Mount Maariv— Narragansett avenue near Irving
Park boulevard.
Mount Olive — Northwest nine miles, on Narra-
gansett avenue.
Mount Olivet — South sixteen miles, near Morgan
Park.
New Light— East Prairie road, near Lincoln ave-
nue, Morton Grove; northwest.
North Chicago Hebrew Congregation— At Rosehill:
north.
Norwood Park — Sanford avenue and Higgins road.
Oak Hill— West 119th street and Kedzie avenue.
Oakland— Proviso: west twelve miles.
Oak Lawn— South Halsted and 180th streets.
Oakridge — Oakridge avrnue and West Roosevelt
road, west twelve miles. /
Oakwoods — Greenwood avenue and 67th street:
south.
Oestereich-Ungarischer Kranken Unterstuetzungs-
Verein— At Waldheim.
Ohavo Amuno — South of Forest Home.
Ohavo Sholom — At Oakwoods.
Polish — Milwaukee avenue, near Norwood Park.
Ridgelawn— North Crawford and Peterson avenues.
Rosehill — North seven miles at Edgewater ave-
nue and East Ravenswood avenue.
St. Adalbert— Norwood Park.
St. Boniface — North Clark street and Lawrence
avenue.
St. Henry— Ridge and Devon avenues.
St. Joseph's — River Grove.
St. Lukas— 5232 North Crawford avenue.
St. Maria— Grand Trunk railway and 87th street:
south.
Sinai Congregation — At Rosehill.
Society of Benevolence and Relief of the Sick-
North Clark street and Irving Park boulevard.
Union Ridge — Higgins avenue, near Norwood Park.
Waldheim — West ten miles on Harrison street.
Woodlawn— West 22d street and Harlem avenue.
Zion Congregation— At Rosehill.
1837.
M. J. Bransfield 1893-1895
Adam Wolf 1895-1897
Ernst Hummel 1897-1899
Adam Ortseifen. 1899-1901,1903-1905
Charles F. Gunther 1901-1903
Frederick W. Block! 1905-1907
John E. Traeger 1907-1909
Isaac N. Powell 1909-1911
Henry Stuckart 1911-1913
Michael J. Flynn 1913-1915
Charles H. Sergei 1915-1917
Bernard Roesing 1889-1891 I Clayton F. Smith 1917-1919
Peter Kiolbassa 1891-1893 ! Henry Stuckart 1919-1921
DISTANCE OF VISIBILITY OF OBJECTS ON THE LAKES.
[From "List of Lights and Fog Signals" issued by the United States lighthouse board.]
Height, Dist..
feet. miles.
5 2.96
10 4.18
15 5.12
20 5.92
25 6.61
30 7.25
35 7.83
40 8.37
45 8.87
Height, Dist..
feet. miles.
55 9.81
60 10.25
65 10.67
70 11.07
75 11.46
SO 11.83
85 12.20
90 12.55
95 12.89
100 13.23
Height, Dist.,
feet. miles.
110 13.87
120 14.49
130 15.08
140 15.65
150 16.20
200 18.71
2V) 20.92
300 22.91
Height, Dist.,
feet. miles.
450 28.06
500 29.58
550 31.02
The distances
table are thore
seen by an obse
level; in practk
add to these a (
ing to the heig
lake level.
Height, Dist..
feet. miles.
600 32.40
650 33.73
700 35.no
of visibility giv
from which an
rver whose eye
f, therefore, it
listance of visfb
ht of the obser
Height, Dist.,
feet. miles.
800 37 42
900 39 69
l.COO 41.83
en in the above
object may be
is at the lake
is necessflrv to
ilitv correspond -
ver's eye above
350 24.75
400 26.46
BO 9.35
922
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
IS OT ABLE BUILDINGS IN CHICAGO.
Name, location, height in stories, heigrht in feet and approximate cost given in order.
Adama Express— 11.5 South Dearborn street;
Advertisers'— 123' West Madison street: 16:
American Trust and Saving's Bank— Clark and
Monroe streets: 18: 272; $1,000.000.
Art Institute— Michigan avenue and Adams
street: 3: 75; 8600,000.
Ashland— Glark and Randolph streets: 16: 200:
Atlantic 'Hotel— 316 South Clark street: 20:
200; $1.400.000.
Auditorium— Michigan avenue and Congress
street: 11: 145 (to top of tower 270); $3,-
200 000.
Auditorium Annex— Michigan avenue and Con-
gress street: 11; 152: $1.000.000.
Auditorium Annex No. 2—528 South Michigan
avenue: 13: 180: $750.000.
Barnheisel— 616-622 Michigan avenue; 10: 150;
$350,000.
Bedford— Adams and Dearborn streets; 14;
188: $475.000.
Blackstone Hotel— Michigan avenue and East
7th street: 20: 220: $1.500,000.
Board of Trade-^Jackson boulevard and La-
Salle street: 9: 135; $1.800.000.
Borland— Monroe and LaSalle streets: 17: 239:
Born— 342-344 South Wells street; 12: 165:
Born— 533* South Franklin street: 10: 165;
$300,000.
Boston Store — State and Madison streets; 17:
260: $3,500.000.
Boyce— 30 North Dearborn street: 12: 155:
$250 000.
Breda— 105 North Dearborn street; 13; 160;
Brooks— 315 Franklin-st.; 10; 142; $330,000.
Burlington— Jackson boulevard and Clinton
street: 21; 260: $1.500.000.
Butler Brothers— Randolph and Canal streets:
14: 200: $1.750,000.
Cable — 307 South Wabash avenue; 10; 140:
Carson.' Pirie. Scott & Co.— State and Madison
streets: 12; 168: $1,350.000. .
Caxton— 506 South Dearborn street; 12; 150:
$270.000.
Central Trust Bank— 117 West Monroe street:
3- 75; $250,000.
Chamber of Commerce— LaSalle and Washing--
ton streets: 13; 190: $1,000.000.
Chicago Athletic Association— 12 South Michi-
gan avenue: 10; 165: $600.000.
Chicago Athletic Association Addition — 71
East Madison street; 13; 214; $500.000.
Chicago Savings Bank— State and Madison i
streets: 14; 196: $750.000.
Chicago Title and Trust— 69 West Washington
street: 16; 210; $600.000.
Church— 32 South Wabash avenue; 12: 150;
$300.000.
City Hall— LaSalle street, between Randolph
and Washington streets: 12: 247: $5.000,000.
City Hall Square— 119-121 North Clark street:
21: 250; 91,500.000.
Columbia — Clark street, near Madison; 11;
125: $500,000.
Columbus Memorial— State and Washington
streets: 14; 251; $800.000.
Congress Hotel— See Auditorium Annex.
Consumers— State and Quincy streets: 21; 260:
$1,500.000.
Continental— South Wells and Quincy streets:
10: 140: $250,000.
Continental and Commercial National Bank —
Wells and Adams-sts.; 20- 260; $4.500.000.
Conwpy — Wnphingrton and Clark streets; 21;
260: $2.000.00*0.
Cook County Courthouse— Clark street, between
Randolph and Washington streets; 12: 247:
$5.000.000.
Corn Exchange National Bank— LaSalle and
Adams streets: 16; 189: $11.000,000.
Counselman — LaSalle street and Jackson boule-
vard; 9: 145: $325,000.
Dexter— 35 W. Adams street; 8; 140; $150.000.
Federal Life— 166 North Michigan avenue: 12:
175: $400.000.
Dry Goods Reporter — Market and Quincy
streets: 12: 150; $130,000.
Edison— Clark and Adams streets: 18: 274;
$3,800.000.
Elks— 174 West Washington street: 16: 200;
$500.000.
Ellsworth— 537 South Dearborn street: 14:
170: $300,000.
Fair— State and Adams streets; 11; 165: $1.-
500,000.
Farwell Trust— 226 South LaSalle street; 12:
165: $275.000.
Federal Building— See postoffice.
Field. Marshall (retail)— Block bounded by
Washington, State and Randolph streets and
Wabash avenue: 12; 225; $8,500.000.
Field. Marshall (men's store)— Wabash avenue
ana Washington street: 20; 260: $2.500,000.
Field, Marshall (wholesale)— Adams and Wells
streets: 8; 130; $2.000.000.
Field Warehouse — West Polk and Ellsworth
streets: 13: 160: $500,000.
Fine Arts — 410 South Michigan avenue: 10:
150; $750,000.
First National Bank— Dearborn and Monroe
streets: 17: 257: $3.000.000.
Fisher — Dearborn and Van Buren streets: 20:
274; $965,000.
Fisk— Wabash avenue and South Water street:
13: 150: $300,000.
Fort Dearborn— Clark and Monroe streets: 12:
150: $400,000.
Fort Dearborn Hotel — Van Buren and LaSalle
streets: 17: 250: $1.100.000.
Gaff— 230 S. LaSalle street; 9; 145; $275.000.
Gage— 18 South Michigan avenue: 12; 168;
$500,000.
Garland — Wabash avenue and Washington
street; 16: 200: $1,000.000.
Garnck— 64 West Randolph street: 16: 211:
$750.000.
Gibbons — 49 West Jackson boulevard: 16:
200: $398.000.
Goddard — Wabash avenue and Monroe street:
13: 160: $300.000.
Grand Central Station— Harrison and Wells;
7; 212V£> (to top of tower); $1,000.000.
Great Northern Hotel— Dearborn street and
Jackson boulevard: 17: 176; $900,000.
Harris Trust and Savings Bank— 111 West Mon-
roe street: 21; 2(
$2,500.000.
Hamilton Club — 10 South Dearborn street; 10:
150: $250,000.
Hart Schaffner & Marx — Franklin and Monroe
streets: 12: 190: $1,000,000.
Hartford — Madison and Dearborn streets: 14;
16ft: $1,000.000.
Harvester— Michigan avenue and Harrison
street: 15: 212; $1.000,000.
Herald— 163 West Washington street; 7; 124;
$500,000.
Hey worth— Madison street and Wabash avenue :
18: 286: $1,500,000.
Hibbard. Spencer, Bartlett & Co.— South Wa-
ter and State streets; 10; 135; $1.000,000.
Hirsh. Wickwire & Co.— 337 South Franklin
street: 10: 114: $500,000.
Home Insurance— LaSalle and Adams streets:
12: 156: $800,000.
Hotel Brevoort— 120 West Madison street: 12:
175: $500.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
923
Hotel' LaSalle— LaSalle and Madison streets:
23: 260: $3,500.000.
Hotel Sherman — Clark and Randolph streets;
14; 200; $2.500,000.
Hunter— Madison and Market streets; 12: 148:
$500.000.
Illinois Athletic Club— 112 South Michigan
avenue: 12; 200; $500,000.
Illinois Central Station— Park row, near Michi-
gran avenue: 13; 225 (to top of tower);
$1.000.000.
Illinois Trust and Savings Bank — LaSalle
street and Jackson-blvd.; 2; 58; $300,000.
Insurance Exchange — Jackson boulevard and
Wells street: 22: 260: $4,000,000.
Isabella— 21 East Van Buren street; 10: 166:
8200.000.
Karpen— Michigan avenue and East 9th street;
12: 200: $1,400,000.
Kent— Franklin and Congress streets; 10: 140;
$500.000.
Kesner — Madison street and Wabash avenue;
17: 226: $850,000.
Kimball Hall — Wabash avenue and Jackson
boulevard: 16: 200; 82,250,000.
Kling Bros. & Co. — 411 South Wells street;
10: 150: $250,000.
Kohn — 425 South Franklin street; 10: 150:
$300.000.
Kuppenheimer — 415 South Franklin street: 10:
150: $350,000.
Lake View — 116 South Michigan avenue; 12:
200: $250.000. \
Lakota — Michigan avenue and 30th street: 10;
140: $750,000.
LaSalle Street Station— Van Buren and LaSalle
streets: 14: 192; $2.500,000.
Lees— 19 S. Wells street: 14; 165; $400,000.
Lexington Hotel — Michigan avenue and 22d
street:' 10; 130: $750,000.
Lombard Hotel — Wells and Quincy streets: 11:
175: $500.000.
Ludington— '1104 South Wabash avenue; 8;
112: $275,000.
Lumberman's Exchange — LaSalle and Madison
streets: 16: 200: $1.250.000.
Lyon & Healy — Wabash avenue and Jackson
boulevard: 10; 175; $1,000.000.
Lytton — State street and Jackson boulevard:
18; 260; $2,250.000.
Majestic Theater— 22 West Monroe street: 20;
240: $1.000,000.
Mailers — Wabash avenue and Madison street;
21: 260: $1.500.000.
Mailers— 226 South LaSalle street; 12; 175;
$275.000.
Mailers— Market and Quincy streets; 10: 150;
$200.000.
Mandel — Wabash avenue and Madison street;
15: 226: $2,000.000.
Manhattan — 131 South Dearborn street: 16;
208: $700,000.
Marquette — Dearborn and Adams streets; 16;
229: $1.000.000.
Masonic Temple — State and Randolph-sts.; 21;
354 (to observation platform) ; $3,000.000.
Medinah Temple — Wells street and Jackson
boulevard: 12; 190; $500,000.
Mentor — State and Monroe streets; 16; 192:
$500,000.
Merchants Loan and Trust Bank— Clark and
Adams streets: 12: 157; 81,000.000.
Michigan Avenue — Michigan boulevard and
Washington street; 15: 200: $1,500,000.
Monadnock — Dearborn and Van Buren streets;
16: 194; $2.000.000.
Monon — 440 South Dearborn street: 12; 160:
82185,000.
Monroe — Michigan avenue and Monroe street:
14: 200: $1,500.000.
Morrison Hotel — Clark and Madison streets:
22: 260; $2,000,000.
McClurg— 218 South Wabash avenue; 9; 125:
$200.000.
McCormick— Michigan avenue and Van Buren
street: 20: 260; $1,000.000: addition, 20:
260; $1.500,000.
McNeill— 321 West Jackson boulevard- 10-
140: 8250.000.
National Life— 29 South LaSalle street; 12:
160: 81,200.000.
Newberry Library— Clark street and Walton
place: 5; 70; 8850,000.
New York Life— LaSalle and Monroe streets:
14: 166: $1.000,000.
North American— State and Monroe streets-
20: 260: $1,800.000.
Northern Trust Bank — LaSalle and Monroe
streets; 4; 74: $500.000.
Northwestern Railway (office) — 226 West
Jackson boulevard: 14; 212: 82.000.000.
Northwestern Railway (terminal station) —
West Madison and Canal streets; 3; 116;
820,000,000 (including site').
Old Colony — Dearborn and Van Buren streets:
17: 203; $900,000.
Orchestra Hall— 216 South Michigan avenue;
8: 110: 8900,000.
Otis— Madison and LaSalle streets- 18; 250;
$1,500,000.
Palmer— 367 West Adams street; 10; 140:
$450,000.
Palmer House— State and Monroe streets; 9;
100; $3,500.000.
Patten— Harrison and ' Sherman streets; 12;
168; $450,000.
Peoples Gas — Michigan avenue and Adams
street; 20; 260; $3,000,000.
People's Life— Randolph and Wells streets; 17;
200; 8700,000.
Pontiac— Dearborn and Harrison' streets; 14;
170; $350,000.
Pope — 633 Plymouth court ; 12 ; 160 •
8290,000.
Postal Telegraph— 137-153 West Van Buren
street: 11; 150; $800,000.
Postofflce— Adams and Clark streets: 8; 300
(to top of dome) ; $4,000.000.
Powers— Wabash avenue and Monroe street;
13; 160: $400,000.
Printers— Polk and Sherman streets; 8; 120;
$400,000.
Public Library — Michigan avenue, between
Randolph and Washington streets; 3; 95;
$1,200,000.
Pullman— Adams streets and Michigan avenue;
9; 125; 8800,000.
Railway Exchange — Michigan avenue and
Jackson boulevard: 17; 220; 81,600.000.
Rector— Clark and Monroe streets; 13; 175;
8700.000.
Reid, Murdoch & Co.— North side of river.
between Clark and LaSalle streets; 9; 175;
81.000.000.
Reliance— State and Washington streets; 16;
200: $500.000.
Republic— State and Adams streets; 19; 260;
$1.100.000.
Rialto— 140 West Van Buren street; 9; 144;
8700,000.
Rookery— LaSalle and Adams streets; 11; 165-
$1,500,000.
Rothschild— 304 South State street; 8; 138;
$250,000.
Royal Insurance— 160 West Jackson boule-
vard; 13; 185; $800,000.
Schiller — See Garrick.
Security— Madison and Wells streets; 14; 147-
$450,000.
Shuman — Randolph and Wells streets- 16-
200; $700,000.
Siegel, Cooper & Co.— State and Van Buren
streets; 8; 123; $1.250.000.
Silversmiths— 10 South Wabash avenue; 10;
135; 8250,000.
924
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Society Brand— Franklin and Congress streets;
13; 160; $450,000.
Spitz & Schoenberg — 529 South Franklin
street; 10; 150; $250, 000.
Star— 538 South Dearborn street; 12; 150;
$250,000.
State-Lake—State and Lake streets; 13; 200:
$1,600,000.
Stegrer— Wabash avenue and Jackson boule-
vard; 20; 250; $800.000.
Steinway— 64 East Van Buren street;
188; $280.000.
11;
Stevens— State street, between Washing-ton and
Madison; 19; 250; $2.250.000.
Stewart— State and Washington streets; 12;
145; $800,000.
Stewart Apartments
-Lake Shore drive and
Division street; 12; 145; $700,000.
Stock Exchange — LaSalie and Washington
streets: 13; 173; $1,250.000.
Straus— Clark and Madison streets; 10; 141;
$250.000.
Stud^baker— 629 South Wabash avenue; 10:
135: $350.000.
Tacoma— Madison and LaSalie streets; 13;
165; $500.000.
Telephone— Washington, between Wells and
Franklin streets: 20: 260: $2.500.00
Telephone (Franklin bldg.)— 311-32
7°00W
est
Washington street; 11; 172; $2.000.000.
Temple— LaSalie and Monroe streets; 12; 185;
$1,000.000.
Temple Court— 219 South Dearborn street; 9;
100; $300.000.
Teutonic— Washington and Wells streets; 10;
130; $500.000.
Theodore Thomas Hall — See Orchestra hall.
Tower (old Montgomery Ward) — Michig-an
avenue and Madison street; 25; 394 (to
top of tower) ; $1.500.000.
Transportation (Heisen) — Dearborn and Har-
rison streets; 22; 260; $2,000,000.
Tribune — Dearborn and Madison streets; 17;
244; $1.500.000.
Twentieth Century— State and Adams streets;
15; 200; $700,000.
Union Terminal Station — South Canal and
Adams streets; 3; 116; $40,000,000 (includ-
ing site).
Unity— 127 North Dearborn street; 16; 208;
$800.000.
University Club— Michigan avenue and Monroe
street; 9; 130; $1.150.000.
Van Buren— Van Buren and Wells streets; 10;
130; $250.000.
Venetian— 15 East Washington street; 13;
181; $350.000.
Virginia— Ohio and Rush streets; 10; 150;
$500.000.
Vogue— 286-290 South Wells street; 10; 150;
$200.000.
Webster— 127 South Market street; 10; 150:
$150.000.
Western Union— 111 West Jackson boulevard;
13; 176; $700.000.
Westminster — Monroe and Dearborn streets;
16; 200; $1,200.000.
Williams— 205 West Monroe street; 10; 140;
S?00.000.
Wilson— 528 South Wells street: 10: 150:
$500.000.
Y. M. C. A.— 19 South LaSalie street; 17;
260; $1.000.000.
Y. M. C. A. Hotel, 818-826 South Wabash
avenue: 19: 200: $1.100.000.
The limit of height under a building ordi-
nance passed Feb. 6, 1911, is 200 feet.
NOTABLE NEW YORK BUILDINGS.
Height in stories and feet.
Stories
32
Ft.
424
Stories
20
Ft.
293
Municipal
Stories
24
Ft.
560
American Express .
32
415
Equitable
...37
485
Park Row
.. 29
382
American Surety
23
306
Evening Post
..32
385
Pulitzer
Of>
375
'23
306
20
286
Singer .
41
612
Ashland
20
266
20
281
St Paul
°6
308
Bankers' Trust
39
539
Heidelberg
30
410
Sun
23
306
20
270
Hotel McAlpin
25
307
Times . .
°8
419
Bowling Green
...19
272
Hudson Terminal
oo
275
Trinity
.. .21
280
Broad Exchange
20
276
Hyde
.. .20
288
U. S. Rubber Co
20
273
259
Liberty Tower. . .
.. 32
385
Victoria
20
263
Candler
20
341
25
315
Walker
17
388
City Investing
...33
20
486
263
Manhattan Life. .
i.19
348
292
Washington Life.
Whitehall
....19
273
424
Columbia Trust. . . .
Commercial Cable. .
...23
21
306
255
Metropolitan Life
....50
700
Woolworth
51
785
LEARNED SOCIETIES IN CHICAGO.
American Library Association — Public library
building- : secretary, George B. Utley.
Chicag-o Academy of Sciences, The— Lincoln
park; president. Dr. John M. Coulter; secre-
tary. Charles F. Hills.
Chicag-o Astronomical Society— President, Prof.
Elias Colbert: secretary. Prof. Philip Fox.
Northwestern university, Evanston.
Chicag-o Bar Association — Library rooms. 105
Monroe street: president. James M. Sheean;
secretary. Arthur Dyrenforth.
Chicag-o Historical Society— Dearborn avenue
fnd Ontario street: president, Clarence A.
urley; secretary. Seymour Morris; librarian,
Caroline M. Mcllvaine.
Chicago Law Institute— President, Gabriel J.
Norden; secretary, Alfred E. Barr.
Chicago Literary Club Rooms— 410 South
Michigan avenue: president. Edwin Heibert
^ewis: secretary and treasurer, Frederick W
Gookm. 15 West Walton place-
Chicag-o Medical Society— President, Dr. J. V. I
Fowler: secretary, Dr. Hugh N. MacKechnie.
25 East Washington street.
Geographic Society of Chicago — President.
Frederick T. West: domestic corresponding-
secretary, Mrs. Laurie R. Frazeur. 814 South
Michigan avenue: treasurer, Orpheus M.
Schantz, P. O. box 223. Chicago.
Illinois Audubon Society— President O. M.
Schantz. 1649 Otis building: secretary. Roy
M. Langdon. 1649 Otis building
Jewish Historical Society of Illinois— President.
Julius Rosenwald: secretary, H. L. Meites.
State Microscopical Society of Illinois — Presi-
dent. Frank I. Packard: secretary. R. E. Mc-
Donald. 320 Sherman avenue. Evanston. 3.11 :
corresponding- secretary. V. A. Latham. M.
D.. 1644 Morse avenue. Meetings or the
third Tuesday of each month except July.
August and September.
Western Economic Society— President Shailer
Ma thews: secretary, H. G. Monlton.
Western Society of Engineers— 1735 Monad-
nock block: president. Henry J. Burt; secre-
tary. Edgar S. Nethercut.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
925
PRINCIPAL LIBRARIES OF
THE CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY. \
Michigan avenue and Washington street.
Board of Directors— Alfred E. Barr, president;
James J. Healy, vice-president: R. G. Shut-
ter. Charles E. Schick. Carl O. Beroth, Frank
F. Tollkuehn. Lawrence Cuneo. Robert J.
McLaughlin. Elliott W. Sproul.
Standing: Committees (1919-1920)— Library :
Tollkuehn. Beroth and McLaughlin.
Administration: Shutter, Schick and Healy.
Building-s and Grounds: Schick, Healy and
Sproul.
Meeting's — Regular meeting's of the board at
5 p. m., on second and fourth Mondays of
each month, except that in July and Au-
gust one regular meeting- shall be held on
the second Monday of each month.
Secretary— Harry G. Wilson.
Librarian — Carl B. Roden.
Departments and Hours.
Circulating:, open shelf and registry depart-
ments, third floor, open 9 a. m. to 8:30 p. m.:
closed on Sunday.
Reference room and public card catalogue,
fourth floor: open 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.; Sun-
days and holidays. 9 a. m. to 6 p. m.
Thomas Hughes room for young people,
fourth floor; open 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. ; closed on
Sunday.
Art room, fifth floor: open 9 a. m. to 5:30
p. m.; closed on Sunday.
Music room, fifth floor. Washington street
entrance: open 9 a. m. to 5:30 p. m.: closed
on Sunday.
Patents, documents and bound newspapers
room, first floor, Randolph street entrance;
open 9 a. m. to 5:30 p. m.: closed on Sunday.
Civics room, first floor. Randolph street en-
trance: open 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.; closed on
Sunday.
Reading room for current magazines and
newspapers, fourth floor. Randolph street en-
trance: open 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.: Sundays and
holidays. 9 a. m. to 6 p. m.
General Information.
The Chicago public library is a free public
institution, established under the Illinois
library law of 1872. It derives its revenue
from an annual library tax of apprpximately
one mill. A board of directors of nine mem-
bers is appointed by the mayor, three annually
for terms of three years. The library occupies
the site formerly known as Dearborn park,
bounded by Michigan avenue, Washington
street. Garland court and Randolph street. The
cost of the building was about 82,000,000. in-
cluding the furniture, book stacks and machin-
ery. There are forty- four branches, six high
school branches, 107 delivery stations and
sixty-eight deposit stations.
The right of drawing books from the public
library belongs to all who reside in the city of
Chicago, and also to those who make their
homes in the suburbs within the limits of Cpok
county and are regularly employed in the city.
In order to become a book borrower it is nec-
essary only to file an application giving the
name and residence of the applicant and bear-
ing the signature of a second person, who
must be an actual resident of the city, appear-
ing as such in the latest city directory. This
person becomes the guarantor to the library
for the proper observance of the library regula-
tions on the part of the applicant. These reg-
ulations merely provide that books drawn for
home use must be returned within the stated
period and must not be defaced or injured.
At the close of May 31, 1919. the public
library contained 978.456 volumes. The aggre-
gate circulation for the year ending May 31.
1919, was 7.407,999 volumes, which does not
include the use of books kept on the open
shelves at the main library or its branches or
the periodicals or newspapers used in the read-
ing rooms.
CHICAGO AND VICINITY.
Branches.
Branches marked • are open from 9 a. m. to
1 0 p. m., those marked t are open from 9am
to 9 p. m.. all others are open from 1 to 9
p. m.; those marked J are open from 9 a. m.
to 5 p. m.; holidays open from 2 to 6 p. m.
Armour Square— 33d-st. and Shields-ay.
•Austin— 5642 West Lake-st.
Bessemer Park — 89th-st. and Muskegon-av.
•Blackstone — 19th-st. and Lake Park-av.
tBurr School — Ashland and Wabansia-av.
t Butler House— 3212 Broadway.
Cornell Square — Wood and West 51st-sts.
Davis Square — 45th-st. and Marsh field-av.
•Douglas Branch— 3527 West 12th-st.
Dvorak Park— 20th and Fisk-sts.
Eckhart Park--Chicago-av. and Noble-st.
JForrestville School — 45th-st and St. Lawrence-
av.
Fuller Park — 45th-st. and Princeton-av.
Hamilton Park — 72d-st. and Normal-av.
Hamlin Park — Barry and Hoyne-avs.
Hardin Square — Wentv orth-pv. and 26th-st.
•Hebrew Institute— Taylor and Lytle-sts.
•Hiram Kelly— 62d-st. and Normal-blvd.
Holstein — Oakley -av. and Ems-st.
tHuroboldt— North and Fairfield-avs.
Independence Park — Springfield-av. and Irving'
Park-blvd.
Kosciuszko Park — 2732 North Avers-av.
•Lewis Institute— 1943 West Madison-«t.
tLincoln Centre — Oakwood-Mvd. & Langley-av.
Logan Square — 3245 Fullerton-av.
Mark White Square— Halsted and 30th-sts.
McKinley Park— W. 37th-st. and S. Western-bd.
Morse School — N. Sawyer-av. and W. Ohio-st.
tOgden Park— 64th-st. and Racine-av.
Palmer Park— lllth-st. and Indiana-av.
Pulaski Park— Bin ckhawk and Noble-sts.
•Rogers Park — 6975 North Clark-st.
tScanlan— 11725 Perry-av. »
tSeward Park— Elm and Orleans-sts.
Shedd Park— Millard-av. and West 23d-st.
t Sheridan — 4734-36 North Racine-av.
t Sherman Park— Loomis and West 53d-sts.
Stanford Park— 14th-pl. and Union-st.
Stanton Park — Vedder and Rees-sts.
Sutnner School — Colorado and Kildare-avs.
•••Twenty-Sixth Street— 2548 South Homan-av.
George C. Walker Branch— Morgan Park.
tWest North Avenue Branch — 4021 W. North-
av.
•Woodlawn— 6247 Kimbark-av.
Deposit Stations.
Albany Park— 3312 Lawrence-av.
Argyle— 5060 North Clark-st.
Armitage — 3605 Armitag-e-av.
Ashburn— 3719 West 83d-st.
Association House— 2150 West North-av.
Avondale — 3052 Belmqnt-av.
Birchwood — 1542 Jarvis-av.
Center Street— 1112 Center-st.
Cheltenham— 2943 East 79th-st.
Chicago Avenue— 3859 Wpst Chicago-av,
Chicago Lawn— 3509 West 63d-st.
Cicero Avenue — i07 South Cicero-av.
Cleveland— 3851 North Albany-av.
Colorado— 2904 West Madison-st.
Dauphin Park— 8944 Cottage Grove-av.
Diversey Avenue — 2833 Diversey-av.
Dunning — 3940 Narragansett-av.
East Rogers Park — 6614 Sheridan-rd.
East Sixty-First Street— 632 East 61st-st.
East Thirty-First Street— 304 East 31st-st.
Edison Park — 6701 Olmsted-av.
Fernwood— 104th and Wallace-sts.
Gads Hill— 1919 West 20th-st.
Gage Park— 55th and Western-av.
Grand Avenue— 1722 Grand-av.
Grand Crossing— 1318 East 75th-st.
Greenview— 1514 Irving Park-blvd.
Gresham— 8684 Vincennes-av.
Hegewisch— 13320 Brandon-av.
Hermosa — 4235 Armitage-av.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Homan— 3352 West Madison-st.
Irving- Park — 4227 Irving- Park-blvd.
Jefferson Park — 4774 Milwaukee-av.
Kelvin Grove— 2848 North Cicero-av.
Lake View — Lill and Seminary-avs.
Larrabee Street— 2004 Larrabee-st.
Lawndale — 2140 South Crawford-av.
Le Moyne— 3712 North Halsted-st.
Long-wood — West 97th-st. and Long-wood drive.
Madison Street — 4216 West Madison-st.
Mayfair — 4500 Montrose-av.
Milwaukee Avenue— 2314 Milwaukee-av.
Montrose — 4410 Milwaukee-av.
North Clark Street— 2932 North Clark-st.
Norwood Park— 6013 Ceylon-av.
Park Manor— 350 East 71st-st.
Ravenswood— 4356 North Hermitage-av.
St. Louis— 3446 Irving: Park-blvd.
South Ashland Avenue— 1254 S. Ashland-av.
Southport Avenue— 3711 Southport-av.
South Shore— 6721 Stony Island-av.
South Western Avenue — 728 South Western-av.
Trumbull Park— 104th and Bensley-av.
Wakelord— 753 East 75th-st.
Washingtpn Heights— 1400 West 103d-st.
West Division— 2738 West Division-st.
West Englewood— 1901 West 59th-st.
West Harrison Street— 3054 West Harrison-st.
West Pullman— 700 West 120t"h-st.
West Ravenswood — 4763 Lincoln-av.
West Sixty-Ninth Street— 1037 West 69th-st.
West Twelfth Street— 2013 West 12th-st.
Wieboldt— School-st. and Ashland-av.
Windsor Park— 2522 East 73d-st.
High School Libraries.
Austin— 200 North Lotus-av.
Englewood— 6220 South Stewart-av.
Harrison Technical— 2850 24th Street-blvd
Lake View— 4015 North Ashland-av.
John Marshall— 3250 West Adams-st.
Nicholas Senn— 5900 North Glenwood-av.
North.
1. Elm and Orleans-sts.
2. 2004 Larrabee-st.
3. 2471 Lincoln-av.
4. 4356 N. Hermitage.
6. 3212 Broadway.
7. 6957 N. Clark-st.
8. 2273 Lincoln-av.
10. 2932 N. Clark-st.
11. 3712 N. Halsted-st.
12. 4734 Racine-av.
13. 3711 Southport-av.
15. 5060 N. Clark-st.
16. 1514 Irving Park-blvd.
17. Barry and Hoyne-avs.
18. Vedder and Rees-sts.
19. 4763 Lincoln-av.
20. 3456 N. Hoyne-av.
23. 6568 Sheridan-rd.
South.
1. 6721- Stony Island-av.
2. 304 E. 31st-st.
3. Oakwood-blvd. and Lang-
ley-av.
4. 534 W. 43d-st.
5. 49th-st. and Lake Park-av.
6. 62d-st. and Normal-blvd.
7. 4623 Grand-blvd.
8. 89th-st. and Muskegon-av.
9. 45th and St. Lawrence-av.
10. 72d-st. and Normal-av.
11. 938 E. 55th-st.
12. 336 E. 39th-st.
13. 636 E. 47th-st.
14. 11725 S. Perry-av.
15. 11100 Indiana-av.
16. 1037 W. 69th-st.
18. '1318 E. 75th-st.
Delivery Stations.
19. 45th-st. and Marshfield-av.
20. 8684 Vincennes-av.
22. 64th-st. and Racine-av.
23. 33d-st. and Shields-av.
24. Wentworth-av & 26th-st.
25. 5005 State-st.
26. West 37th-st. and S. West-
erri-av.
27. 4303 Drexel-blvd.
29. 8944 Cottage Grove.
31. 350 E. 71st-st.
35. Halsted and 30th-sts.
36. Wood and W. 51st-sts.
37. Loomis and West 51st-sts.
38. 632 E. 61st-st.
39. 6247 Kimbark-av.
40. 2943 E. 79th-st.
42. lllth and S. Hoyne-av.
43. 753 E. 75th-st.
45. 45th-st. and Princeton-av.
West.
1. l/4th-pl. and Union-st.
2. 1722 Grand-av.
3. 1943 W. Madison-st.
4. 1254 S. Ashland-av.
5. 1919 West 20th-st.
6. 728 S. Western-av.
7. Springfield-av. and Irving
Park-blvd.
8. 3555 Ogden-av.
9. 1152 W. Van Buren.
10. 4216 W. Madison-st.
11. 4227 Irving Park-blvd.
12. 2904 W. Madison-st.
13. 3052 W. Belmont-av.
14. 2639 N. Rockwell-st.
15. 1003 S. Wood-st.
16 850 Washington-blvd.
17. 3308 W. 12th-st.
18. 2314 Milwaukee-av.
19. 3605 Armitage-av.
20. Millard-av. and W. 23d-st.
21. Taylor and Lytle-sts.
22. 3859 W. Chicago-av.
23. 3352 W. Madison-st.
24. 953 Grand-av.
25. 5642 W. Lake-st.
26. 2248 W. Ohio-st.
27. 4149 Armitage-av.
28. 3054 W. Harrison-st.
29. 407 S. Cicero-av.
30. 4807 Kimball-av.
31. 3123-3125 West 22d-st.
32. 2548 Homan-av.
33. N. Sawyer and Ohio.
34. 4024 West 16th-st.
35. 20th and Fisk-sts.
36. Chicago-av. and Noble-st.
37. Colorado and Kildare-avs.
38. 3406 West North-av.
39. 2732 N. Avers-av.
40. Ashland & Wabansia-avs.
41. 2013 West 12th-st.
42. 1105 N. California.
43. 1212 S. St. Louis-av.
44. Blackhawk and Noble-sts.
45. 3245 Fullerton-av.
47. 2138 West North-av.
48. 3851 N. Albany-av.
49. 1303 Blue Island-av.
50. 5115 W. Chicago-av.
54. 2553 W. North-av.
55. 3446 Irving Park-blvd.
56. Ems-st. and Oakley-av.
58. 2833 Diversey-av.
THE NEWBERRY LIBRARY.
North Clark street and Walton place.
President — Edward L. Ryerson.
Librarian— William N. C. Carlton.
Secretary— Jesse L. Moss.
Trustees— Frederick I. Carpenter, Charles H.
Hulburd, David B. Jones, Andrew C. Mc-
Laughlin. Horace H. Martin, Horace S. Oak-
ley, Edward L. Ryerson. John W. Scott. John
A. Spoor, Albert H. Wetten, John P. Wilson,
John P. Wilson, Jr.
Hours— From 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. every day ex-
cept Sundays and the following holidays:
Jan. 1. May 30, July 4. Thanksgiving and
Christmas.
The Newberry library. Sept. 1, 1919. con-
tained 387.000 books and pamphlets. These
are not circulated, but are for consultation
and use within the library building The li-
brary is free to the public.
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY.
At the university. 59th and Ellis avenue.
This library contained July 1, 1919, 660 849
volumes and 200.000 pamphlets. It is com-
posed of the general library located in the
Harper Memorial library and the departmental
libraries located in the various departmental
buildings. It is primarily intended for the
use of the faculty and students of the uni-
versity, but residents of Chicago engaged in
serious study are permitted to use the read-
ing rooms of the general library and of the
School of Education and others may have the
privilege of drawing books available for cir-
culation upon the payment of a fee or on
recommendation of a dean or head of a de-
partment of instruction. Properly accredited
scholars visiting Chicago will receive compli-
mentary cards upon application. The read-
ing room is open to all. The director of the
library is Ernest D. Burton: the associate di-
rector is J. C. M. Hanson.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
927
THE JOHN CRERAR LIBRARY.
110 North Wabash avenue. 6th floor.
President— Marvin Hughitt.
Vice-Presidents — Thomas D. Jones and Robert
Forsyth.
Secretary— Walter B. Smith.
Treasurer — William J. Louderback.
Librarian— Clement W. Andrews.
Board of Directors — Robert T. Lincoln, Frank
S. Johnson, Marvin Hughitt, Thomas D.
Jones. John J. Mitchell, Leonard A. Busby,
Robert Forsyth, Chauncey Keep, Frederick
H. Rawson. Albert A. Sprague II., Walter
B. Smith. Chauncey B. Borland and the may-
or and the comptroller of the city of Chi-
cago ex officio.
Hours — The library is open daily, except
Sunday, from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.
The John Crerar library contained in October.
1919, 409.021 volumes and 151,145 pamphlets
on the social, physical, natural and medical
sciences and their applications. They cannot
be taken from the library, but may be freely
consulted by all who wish to do so.
CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY.
North Dearborn and West Ontario streets.
President— Clarence A. Burley.
First Vice-President — George Merryweather.
Second Vice-President— Dr. Otto L. Schmidt.
Secretary — Seymour Morris.
Treasurer — Orson Smith.
Librarian— Caroline M. Mcllvaine.
Executive Committee— William H. Bush,
Charles F. Gunther, C. J. Hambleton, Chaun-
cey Keep, Julian S. Mason, Seymour Mor-
ris, Henry J. Patten, Edward L. Ryerson.
The library, museum and portrait gallery
are open free to the public from 9 a. m. to
5 p. m. on weekdays. It is a repository of
matter relating to the history and archaeology
of the northwest, particularly of Chicago,
comprising some 40,000 volumes and 75,000
pamphlets and a large collection of MSS.,
maps, views, etc.. illustrative of the devel-
opment of Illinois and the central west.
MUNICIPAL REFERENCE LIBRARY.
1005 city hall.
The municipal reference library contain*
books, pamphlets and other data relating to
municipal government in Chicago and other
cities. It provides and renders available for
the use of members of the Chicago city coun-
cil, its various committees and special com-
missions and municipal department and bu-
reau heads and other city officials and em-
ployes public reports, documents, books, pam-
phlets and other data bearing upon municipal,
legislative and administrative projects, plans
and proposals, keeps on file all official pub-
lic reports issued by the various governmental
agencies in the city of Chicago and the an-
nual reports, charters and ordinances of other
cities.
The library is open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
and until 12 m. on Saturday. Frederick Rex,
municipal reference librarian.
KYERSON LIBRARY.
Art institute, Michigan avenue and Adams-st.
The Ryerson library of the Art institute is
devoted to works on fine art and travel. It
contains about 13,000 volumes and collections
of 36,000 photographs and 19,000 lantern
slides. The Burnham Library of Architecture
kept in the Ryerson library contains about
3.600 books on architecture. Open daily
from 9 to 5; Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri-
days until 9:30 p. m.; Sundays 2 to 8 p. m.
(Open free Wednesdays, Saturdays, Sundays
and three evenings from 6 to 9:30.) The li-
brary ID primarily for the students of the in-
stitute, but ie practically a free reference li-
brary on fine art. Librarian, Sarah Louise
Mitchell.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
LIBRARY.
Jackson park.
The museum library occupies three rooms in
the north end of the building and is open to
the public every weekday from 9 a. m. to 4:30
p. m. It is a scientific reference library. Visi-
tors can consult books by making application
to the office of the library. The magazines
in the reading room are accessible to the pub-
lic. Sept. 30, 1919, the library contained ap-
proximately 70,000 books and pamphlets. Li-
brarian, Elsie Lippincott.
LEWIS INSTITUTE LIBRARY.
West Madison and Robey streets.
The Lewis institute library contains about
25,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets. The
public is invited to use the library for ref-
erence, but books are loaned only to instruc-
tors and students of the institute. Through-
out the school year the library is open from
8 a. m. to 5 p. m. daily except on Saturday,
when it closes at 1 p. m. ; during the session
of the night school the library is also open
from 8 a. m. to 9:30 p. m. Librarian, Miss
Frances S. Talcott.
ELBERT H. GARY LAW LIBRARY.
Northwestern University building. North Dear-
born and West Lake streets, Chicago.
The Gary Library of Law was the gift of
Elbert H. Gary of New York, N. Y.. to North-
western University Law school. It is open
without charge, to nonresident lawyers pre-
senting satisfactory credentials. Resident
lawyers who are graduates of Northwestern
University Law school are charged a registra-
tion fee of $1 per year for the privilege of
using the library; all other resident lawyers
are charged a registration fee of $4 a year.
The library in 1918 contained about 46,000
volumes. Librarian, F. B. Crossley.
ST. IGNATIUS COLLEGE LIBRARY.
1076 West 12th street.
The library of the college of arts of Loyola
university contains more than 45,000 volumes
for the use of the faculty and students, but
may be consulted by others on application to
the librarian. Open from 8 a. m. to 4 p. m.
Librarian, James Preuss, S. J.
EVANSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Orrington avenue and Church street.
Free to residents of Evanston and open to
others on payment of an annual fee of $2.50,
or 25 cents a month. Reference department
free to all. Library open from 8:30 a. m. to
9:30 p. m. weekdays. Reading room open from
2 to 6 p. m., Sundays, except during July and
August, and holidays, except Jan. 1, July 4,
Thanksgiving day and Dec. 25. The Coe music
collection, which contains about 1,600 books.
400 pieces of sheet music and 600 pianola
rolls, is open to all. The medical science
room, containing over 900 medical books and
periodicals, is open to resident physicians and
nurses and to others by special arrangement.
The total number of volumes June 1, 1919.
was 64,811. Librarian. Marcus Skarstedt.
OAK PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Grove avenue and Lake street. Oak Park.
The Oak Park public library contains about
35,000 volumes. It is open every day except
Sundays and holidays from 9 a. m. to 8:30
p m.; south branch, Harrison street near Gtin-
derson avenue, open afternoons 2 to 6 and eve-
nings 7 to 9. Librarian. Helen A. Barley.
928
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
PULLMAN PUBLIC FREE LIBRARY.
73 to 77 Arcade building, Pullman, 111.
Contains 10.000 volumes. Library open from
10 a. m. to 5 :30 p. m. and in the evenings
from 6:45 to 9 o'clock; also Sundays and
holidays, 2 to 6 p. m. Librarian, Bertha S.
Ludlam: assistants. Freda Grapes and Imog-ene
Howell.
HAMMOND LIBRARY.
5757 University avenue.
The Hammond library of the Chicago Theo-
logical seminary contains over 33,000 volumes.
It is intended for the use of the faculty and
students of the Chicago Theological seminary,
but may be used by clergymen and others.
The library is open on weekdays from Oct. 5
to Aug. 31 from 9 a. m. to 12 m. and from
1 to 5 p. m.: Saturdays, 9 a. m to 12 m;
closed Sundays. Librarian. Rev. Harry T. Stock.
VIRGINIA LIBRARY.
826 Belden avenue.
The Virginia library of the McCormick Theo-
logical seminary contains about 46,000 vol-
umes and is open every weekday of the year,
except legal holidays, not only to those im-
mpdiately connected with the seminary but to
others as well. The hours are 9 a. m. to
5 p. m. and 7:30 to 9:30 p. m. while the
seminary is in session, and the same during
the, vacations with the exception of the eve-
ning hours and Saturday afternoons. Libra-
rian, Rev. John F. Lyons.
GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE LIBRARY.
Evanston, HI.
This is a reference library of theology for
the use of the faculty and students of the
institute and neighboring clergymen, but open
to the public October to September from 8
a. m. to 6 p. m. and from 7 to 10 p. m. Oct.
1, 1919, the library contained 64.306 volumes
and 17,120 pamphlets. Librarian, Doremus A.
Hayes; assistant librarian in charge, Samuel
G. Ayres.
CHICAGO LAW INSTITUTE LIBRARY.
1025 County building.
President — Gabriel J. Norden.
Secretary — Alfred E. Barr.
Treasurer— James Rosenthal.
Librarian— William H. Holden.
The library contains about 65.000 volumes.
CHILDREN'S SCIENCE LIBRARY.
The Chicago Academy of Sciences, Lincoln
park, contains more than 500 volumes for
children on natural history, including plants,
animals, astronomy, geography and industries.
The reading room is open from 9 a. m. to
5 p. m. each weekday.
MAYWOOD PUBLIC LIBRARY.
South 5th avenue near St. Charles avenue.
The Maywood public library, the building
for which was given by Andrew Carnegie, in
May. 1919, contained 8,250 books and pam-
phlets. Householders or persons vouched for by
householders have the privilege of taking out
books. The library, which contains a large
reading room, is open from 10 a. m. to 9 P. m.,
except Sundays and holidays. Librarian, Lottie
M. Ingram.
FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION
LIBRARY.
Room 2132, 175 West Jackson boulevard.
The library of the Fire Underwriters' Asso-
ciation of the Northwest contains 4,500 bound
volumes, containing information relative to
fire insurance and allied subjects. Library
open from 9 :30 a. m. to 3 p. m., except Sat-
urdays, when it is closed at 1 o'clock.
The library of the Fire Insurance club of
Chicago, room 2132 Insurance Exchange build-
ing, 175 West Jackson boulevard, contains 800
volumes on fire insurance. Hours same as
above. Librarian, Janet C. McFarland.
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES.
Evanston and Chicago.
The Northwestern university libraries con-
tained r75,431 bound volumes and 141,693
pamphlets July 1, 1918. The Evanston part
of the library is open during the college year
from 8 a. m. to 9 p. m. daily, except Sunday,
and during the summer vacation from 8 a. m.
to 12 m. and from 1:30 to 5 p. m. The build-
ing is known as the Orrington Lunt library.
Other parts of the Northwestern university
libraries are located in Northwestern univer-
sity building. North Dearborn and West Lake
streets, Chicago, and in the Northwestern Medi-
cal school, 25th and South Dearborn streets,
Chicago. Librarian (vacancy).
WESTERN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS.
1735 Monadnock block.
The technical library maintained by this
society contains about 10.000 volumes upon
the subject of engineering. Members of the
society may borrow bO9ks from the collection.
Nonmembers may receive this privilege upon
the deposit of a required amount. The library
is open to the public from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m..
(except Saturday, when the hours are from
9 a. m. to 4 p. m.). Secretary, Edgar S.
Nethercut; librarian, Virginia Savage.
PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION
LIBRARY.
Room 1543 Conway building. 111 West Wash-
ington street.
The library of the Portland Cement associa-
tion is a reference library on the literature of
the cement industry. It contains some 2.000
books, 6,000 pamphlets and 4.000 mounted
clippings. The library is open from 8:30 a. m.
to 5 :15 p. m., except on Saturdays, when it
closes at 1 o'clock. It is a free public
reference library. Librarian, Mary A. Hatha-
way.
NATIONAL SAFEIY COUNCIL LIBRARY
AND INFORMATION BUREAU.
Federal Life Building, 168 N. Michigan Ave.
The Library of the National Safety Coun-
cil is a working reference library specializ-
ing in safety literature. The library files con-
tain interesting data on hundreds of specific
questions on accident prevention, industrial re-
lations, and allied problems. The library is
open to the public 8:30 a. m. to 5:30 p. m.
daily, except on Saturdays, when it closes at 1
p. m., and is closed on Sundays and legal holi-
days. Librarian. Mary B. Day.
BEEF
No. cattle. No. hogs.
2.163.976 6.713.086
1.918.665 5,990.430
1.988.955 6.138.063
1.988,504 6.027.433
1.817.737 6.205,410
AND PORK PACKING IN CHICAGO.
Years ended March 1.
Years. No. cattle. No. hogs. Years.
1908-9... 1.637.295 6.263,606 1913-14.
1909-10.. 1.698.921 5,133.578 1914-15.
1910-11.. 1.735. 189 4.820.899 1915-16.
1911-12.. 1,733. 188 6.294.251 1916-17.
1912-13.. 1,639.364 7.816.625 1917-18.
No. cattle. No. hogs.
.1.520.440 6.154.932
.1.442.870 6,079.473
.1.962,048 7.256.936
.2.073.553 7.757.726
.2.411.750 6.284.586
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
929
CHICAGO PARKS AND BOULEVARDS.
LINCOLN PARK SYSTEM.
CommiBsi oners (appointed by governor with
consent of senate) — Francis T. Simmons,
John H. Hardin. Andrew Lanquist. Albert W.
Goodrich, Bertram M. Winston, Samuel M.
Felton, William Wrigley. Jr.
Officers— President, Francis T. Simmons: vice-
president, John H. Hardin: auditor, Andrew
Lanquist; secretary and superintendent. John
C. Cannon: advisory counsel, Emil C. Wet-
ten: treasurer. Frederick H. Rawson.
Office— In Lincoln park near Clark and Center
streets.
The Lincoln park district consists of the
towns of North Chicago and Lake View, with
Fullerton avenue as the dividing line, and is
bounded on the north by Devon avenue, on
the south by the Chicago river, and extends
from Lake Michigan on the east to the north
branch of the river and North Western avenue
on the west.
The area of the Lincoln park district is
12.64 equare miles. The total area of the
parks and boulevards is 642.63 acres, with
11.755 miles of boulevards.
Lincoln Park— Lincoln park, previously known
as Lake park, began its history under its
present name by resolution passed by the
common council of Chicago under date 01
June 5. 1865. The park proper is 317 acres
in extent and extends from Diversey boule-
vard to Oak street along the lake front.
To this 200.59 acres of land has been
added by filling in Lake Michigan north of
Diversey boulevard. This extension contains
a 57 acre yacht harbor. The park contains
a large floral department, also an extensive
zoological garden containing about 1.800 ani-
mals. Boating and bathing facilities are
furnished and the park lagoon — one mile in
length— gives an admirable course for racing.
The Academy of Sciences is located in the
park at the foot of Center street. This
building was erected in 1893 and contains
about 250.000 specimens. It is noted for its
collection of local natural history specimens
and for its complete collection of mollusks.
The park has provided facilities for outdoor
frames during both the winter and summer
seasons.
Stanton Park— At Vedder. Vine and Rees
streets: area 4.78 acres; equipped with field-
house and outdoor gym facilities.
Lake Bhore Playground— Area 9.16 acres: is
Situated between Pearson street and Chicago
avenue, extending from the Chicago avenue
pumping works to the lake. This park" is
fitted up as a playground, containing a shel-
ter house, and with outdoor and indoor gym-
nasium apparatus.
Seward Park — Contains 1.78 acres: is fitted
with outdoor and indoor gymnasium and has
a fieldhouse which contains reading rooms,
assembly hall, clubrooms, a branch of the
public library and facilities for gymnastic
work and aquatic sports.
Hamlin Park— Wellington avenue and Robey
street: area 8.64 acres: is fully equipped
with fieldhouse and out-of-door gymnasium
facilities.
Welles Park— Western avenue and Montrose
boulevard: fieldhouse and out-of-door gym-
nasium facilities: area 8.17 acres.
Gowdy Square— Goethe street on the north and
Astor street on the west: area .46 acre.
Length of North Side Boulevards.
In miles and fractions of miles.
Dearborn parkway, .120.
Diversey parkway. 2.302.
Fullerton parkway. .510.
Garfield parkway, .026.
Lake Shore drive. 2.262.
Lincoln parkway. .530.
North avenue, .275.
Lincoln Park West. .448.
Sheridan road. 6.056.
North State parkway.
SOUTH PARKS.
Commissioners (appointed by Circuit court
judges) — Albert Mohr, Charles L. Hutchin-
son. L. B. Patterson. John Barton Payne,
John Bain.
Officers— John Barton Payne, president: Albert
Mohr, auditor: William A. Tilden, treasurer;
John F. Neil, secretary: Roy O. West, attor-
ney: J. F. Foster, general superintendent;
H. C. Carbaugh. superintendent of employ-
ment.
Offices— In Washington park, 57th street and
Cottage Grove avenue.
The south park district is bounded on the
north by the Chicago river and the Illinois
and Michigan canal, east by Lake Michigan
and the state of Indiana, south by 87th street
and 138th street and west by South Cicero
avenue and State street.
The area of the south park district is 92.0
square miles, population is in excess of 800.-
000. The total area of parks is 2.043.98
acres and of parks and boulevards 2.494.59
acres, consisting of twenty-four parks and
32.98 miles of boulevards. The following is
a list of the parks and boulevards:
Jackson Park — Area 542.89 acres: bounded on
the north by 56th street, east by Lake Mich-
igan, south by 67th street and west by Stony
Island avenue: this park is provided with
facilities for boating, rowboats and launches,
has two golf courses, one of nine holes and
the other eighteen holes, with golf shelter,
lockers and showers for both men and wom-
en: it has baseball and football fields, tennis
courts, refectory, beach bathing, music
court and in the winter skating is provided.
It also has a playground for small chil-
dren. The commissioners have completed
and in operation a new bathing beach at
the foot of 63d street, extended. This beach
and its equipment is undoubtedly one of the
finest in the country and has a capacity of
taking care of from 6.000 to 10.000 bathers
every two hours. Everything is absolutely
free, including bathing suits, towels and
shower baths.
Washington Park— Area 371 acres: bounded on
the north by 51st street, east by Cottage
Grove .avenue, south by 60th street, west
by South Park avenue: has the same ac-
commodations for the public as Jackson park
except the golf facilities and the beach
and in addition has roque courts, archery
range, accommodations for fly casting, wad-
ing pool and sand court for children and a
house for the game of curling.
Marquette Park— Area 322.68 acres: bounded
on the north by 67th street, east by Cali-
fornia avenue, south by 71st street and west
by the Grand Trunk Western railroad. The
east 80 acres has been improved. It has
ball fields and tennis courts and skating in
the winter. It also has an eighteen hole
golf course.
Grant Park— Area 205.14 acres; bounded on
the north by Randolph street, east by Lake
Michigan, south by Park row. west by Mich-
igan avenue. This park is under construc-
tion. Temporary provision is made for ath-
letic work in the northern part of the park.
The Logan monument, the airplane mail
930
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920..
landing: place and the Art Institute are lo-
oated in this park.
Midway Plaisance— The connecting1 way be-
tween Washington and Jackson parks: bound-
ed on the north by 59th street, east by Stony
Island avenue, south by 60th street, west
by Cottage Grove avenue. Has tennis
courts and in the winter skating and hockey.
McKinley Park— Area 74.88 acres: bounded on
the north by 37th street and Archer avenue,
east by Robey street, south by 39th street,
west by Western Avenue boulevard. Has
swimming1 pool, outdoor gymnasiums for men
and women, tennis courts, ball field, chil-
dren's playground, wading pool and skating1
in the winter. Modern and complete recre-
ation buildings have been provided.
Gagre Park— Area 20 acres: situated at the
intersection ol Western avenue and 55th
street. Has wading pool, ball field and
tennis court.
Sherman Park — Area 60.6 acres: bounded on
the north by 52d street, east by South Ra-
cine avenue, south by Garfield boulevard,
west by Lopmis street. Has recreation build-
ings which include an assembly hall used by
the people free of charge for various en-
tertainments, clubrooms for meetings of the
various clubs of the community, reading
room supplied with periodicals by the park
commissioners, gymnasiums for men and for
women, shower and plunge baths and locker
rooms. There are also outdoor gymnasiums
for men and women, playground for chil-
dren, wading pool and swimming pool with
the necessary dressing- booths. Provision is
made lor baseball, football, tennis and boat-
ing. There is also a band stand from which
concerts are given during1 the summer every
Sunday evening. Also skating in the winter.
Ogtlen Park — Area 60.56 acres: bounded on the
north by 64th street, east by South Racine
avenue, south by 67th street, west by Loomis
street. The same facilities for recreation and
pleasure are provided as in Sherman park.
Palmer Park — Area 40.48 acres: bounded on
the north by lllth street, east by South
Park avenue, south by 113th street, west
by Indiana avenue. The same facilities for
recreation and pleasure are provided as in
Sherman park, except boating.
Hamilton Park— Area 29.95 acres: bounded on
the north by 72d street, east by C.. R. I. & P.
railway, south by 74th street, west by C. &
W. I. railway. The same facilities for recre-
ation and pleasure are provided as in Sher-
man park, except swimming1 pool and boat-
ins1.
Bessemer Park— Area 22.88 acres: bounded on
the north by 89th street, east by Muskegon
avenue, south by 91st street, west- by South
Chicago avenue. The same facilities as Sher-
man park except boating.
Mark White Square — Area 10 acres: bounded
on the north by 29th street, east by Halsted
street, south by 30th street, west by Poplar
avenue. The same facilities as Sherman
park except boating.
Armour Square— Area 10 acres: bounded on
the north by 33d street, east by Wells
street, south by 34th street, west by Shields
avenue. The same facilities as Sherman
park except boating1.
Cornell Square — Area 10 acres: bounded on the
north by 50th street, west by South Lincoln
etreet. south by 51st street, east by Wood
street. The same facilities as Sherman park
except boating.
Davis Square— Area 10 acres: bounded on the
north by 44th street, east by Marshfield ave-
nue, south by 45th stieet, west by Hermi-
tage avenue. The same facilities as Sherman
park except boating:.
Russell Square — Area 11.47 acres: bounded on
the north by 83d street, east by Bond ave-
nue, south by Baker avenue, west by Hous-
ton avenue. The same facilities as Sherman
park except boating.
Calumet Park — Area 66.19 acres: bounded on
the north by 95th street, east by Lake Mich-
igan, south by 102d street, west by Avenue
G and a line about 50 feet east of C.. L. S.
& E. railway. A bathing pavilion is located
at 99th street.
Hardin Square— Area 7.41 acres: bounded on
the north by 25th street, east by the Rock
Island right of way, south by 26th street,
west by Wentworth avenue; the same facili-
ties as at Sherman park except boating1.
Fuller Park — Area 10 acres: bounded on the
north by 4^th street, east by Princeton ave-
nue, south by 46th place, west by Stewart
avenue. Improved with same facilities as
Sherman park.
Grand Crossing Park— Area 19.16 acres: bound-
ed on the north by 76th street, east by Dob-
son avenue, south by 78th street, west by
Ingleside avenue; the same facilities as at
Sherman park.
Lyman Trumbull Park— Area 18.52 acres:
bounded on the north by 103d street, east by
Bensley avenue, south by 105th street, west
by Oglesby avenue; same facilities ai at
Sherman park.
No. 17 Park — Area 20 acres: bounded on the
north by 130th street, east by Carondelet
avenue, south by 132d street, west by Ex-
change avenue.
No. 18 Park— Area 20.19 acres: bounded on
the north by 90th street, east by St. Law-
rence avenue, south by 91st street, west by
South Park avenue.
Michigan Avenue— 80 to 100 feet wide: from
Garfield boulevard to Randolph street.
Garfield Boulevard— 200 feet wide: from
South Park avenue to Western Avenue boule-
vard on the line of 55th street.
Western Avenue Boulevard— 200 feet wide: a
strip of land east of and adjoining1 the center
line of Western avenue from the Illinois and
Michig-an canal to 55th street (Garfleld boule-
vard.
Grand Boulevard — 198 feet wide: on the line
of South Park avenue from 35th to 51st
street.
Drexel Boulevard— 200 feet wide: first street
east of Cottage Grove avenue and extending:
from Oakwood boulevard to 51st street.
Prairie Avenue — 66 feet wide: the street of
that name from 16th to 29th street.
South Park Avenue — 66 feet wide: being1 the
street of that name between 35th and 29th
streets and also between 51st and 60th
streets.
Jackson Boulevard— 66 feet wide: being1 the
street of that name extending- from Michi-
g-an avenue to the south branch ol the Chi-
cago river.
Oakwood Boulevard— 100 feet wide: the first
street south of 39th street, between Grand
boulevard and Cottage Grove avenue.
Thirty-Third Street— 66 feet wide: being the
street of that name between Michigan ave-
nue and South Park avenue.
Sixteenth Street— 50 feet wide: being- the street
of that name between Michigan avenue and
Prairie avenue.
Twenty-Ninth Street — 66 feet wide: being- the
street of that name between Prairie avenue
and South Park avenue.
Fifty-Seventh Street— 100 feet wide: being the
street of that name between the I. C. rail-
road right of way and the west line of Jack-
son park.
Marquette Road— 66 feet wide: being the street
of that name from Jackson park to Cali-
fornia avenue.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Normal Avenue— 66 feet wide; from Garfield
boulevard to 72d street.
Loomis Street— 66 feet wide; being- the street
of that name from Garfield boulevard to
67th street.
Hyde Park Boulevard— 100 feet wide: being
that part of 51st street between Drexel ave-
nue and Jackson park.
South Shore Drive— 100 feet wide: runs from
Jackson park to 71st street and thence to
83d place.
WEST CHICAGO PARKS.
Commissioners (appointed by governor with
consent of senate)— John I. Bag-dziunas, Wil-
liam Ganschow, William F. Grower, Jens C.
Hansen, Richard J. Powers, I. Shapiro, John
F. Smulski.
Officers-^Richard J. Powers, president: John
Bagdziunas, auditor; William Ganschow,
treasurer: I. Shapiro, secretary: John A.
Pelka, clerk of the board: Jens Jensen, con-
sulting landscape architect: Alfred C. Schra-
der, superintendent and engineer; Robert E.
Gentzel. attorney: W. W. Smith, superin-
tendent of employment: Edwin S. Prouty.
captain of police.
Office— Union park. Lake street and Ashland
boulevard.
The west park district comprises all that part
of the town of West Chicago lying between
the Illinois and Michigan canal and the Chicago
river and the following described lines: Begin-
ning at the north branch of the Chicago river
at Belmont avenue, thence west to North
Kedzie avenue, thence south along Kedzie ave-
nue to North avenue, thence west on North
avenue to North Austin avenue, thence south
along Austin avenue to West Roosevelt road,
thence east along Roosevelt road to South Ken-
ton avenue, thence south along Kenton avenue
to West 39th street, thence east along 39th
street to the Illinois and Michigan canal.
The area of the west park district is 35.5
square miles. The total area of the parks and
boulevards is 1,258.15 acres, consisting1 of
nineteen parks and playground areas and
29.527 miles of boulevard; area of parks,
813.27 acres. The following- is a list of the
garks and boulevards:
umboldt Park— Area 205.86 acres: bounded
on the north by West North avenue, east by
California and Sacramento avenues, south by
Division and Augusta streets and west by
Kedzie avenue: has rose garden with pergola
and garden hall and fountains; refectory
building, also a pavilion and boat landing;
music court, a wading pool and shelter for
children: is provided with facilities for boat-
ing, has baseball diamonds and tennis courts,
and in winter skating is provided.
Garfield Park— Area 187.53 acres; bounded on
the north by Kinzie and Lake streets, east
by Central Park and Homan avenues, south
by Madison street and Colorado avenue, west
by Hamlin avenue. Has a conservatory (the
largest in the country), refectory building,
outdoor natatorium. boat landing and pavil-
ion, music court and bandstand, water courts
with fountain, basin and extensive flower
gardens. Has a golf course, with fieldhouse
containing lockers for men and wom^n; also
has tennis courts and facilities for fly cast-
ing, and in winter skating is provided.
Douglas Park— Area 181.99 acres; bounded on
the north by West RooseveH road, east by
California avenue, south by West, 19th street
and west by Albany avenue. Has refectory
building and pavilion, music court, flower
gardens, outdoor gymnasiums and natatorium.
with swimming pools, shower baths and
dressing rooms for men and women. Facili-
ties are provided for baseball, boating and
lawn tennis, and in winter skating is pro-
Union Park— Area 17.37 acres: bounded on the
north by Lake street, east by Ogden avenue
and Bryan place, south by Warren avenue
and west by Ashland boulevard. In this park
the offices of the West Chicago park com-
missioners are located. Facilities are provid-
ed for lawn tennis during the summer and
skating during the winter. An outdoor nata-
torium for the summer months, and shower
baths are open all year. A children's play-
ground with wading pool, sand court and
play apparatus.
Jefferson Park — Area 7.02 acres; bounded on
the north by Monroe street, east by Throop
street, south by Adams street and west by
Loomis street.
Vernon Park— Area 6.14 acres: bounded on the
north by Macalister place, east by South Ra-.
cine avenue, south by Gilpin place and west
by Loomis street.
Wicker Park— Area 4.03 acres: bounded on the
north and east by Wicker Park avenue, south
by Fowler street and west by Robey street.
Holstein Park— Area 2.841 acres: bounded on
the north by Lyndale street, south by Ham-
burg street, and located one block east of
Western avenue. A fieldhouse has been pro-
vided containing gymnasiums and shower
baths for men and women, library and read-
ing room and assembly hall. Has an out-
door gymnasium and playfield and children's
playground, and in winter skating is pro-
vided.
Campbell Park— Area 1.38 acres: a strip of
land 100 feet wide lying between Oakley
boulevard and Leavitt street and one block
north of Polk street.
Shedd's Park— Area 1.13 acres: located at 23d
street and Millard avenue, opposite Lawndale
station of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad company. A library and reading1
room, and assembly hall.
Bernard A. Eckhart Park— Area 8.125 acres:
bounded on the north by Cornell street, east
by Chase street, south by Chicago avenue
and west by Noble street. A fieldhouse has
been provided containing gymnasium and
shower baths for men and women, lunch-
rooms, library and reading room and assem-
bly hall ; also an outdoor swimming pool
with shower baths and dressing rooms for
men and women. An outdoor gymnasium
for men and women, playfield with wading
pool and sand courts for children and tennis
courts and ball grounds have been provided:
also skating in the winter.
Stanford Park — Area 2.89 acres: bounded on
the north by Barber street, east by Jefferson
street, south by 14th place and west by
South Union avenue. In this park the same
facilities for recreation and pleasure are pro-
vided as in the small parks and playgrounds
mentioned above.
Dvorak Park — Area 3.85 acres: bounded on
the north by 20th street, east by Fisk street,
south by 21st street and west by May street.
The same facilities for recreation and pleas-
ure are provided as in Eckhart park.
Franklin Park— Area 8.26 acres: bounded by
West 14th street. West 15th street. South
Tripp avenue and South Kolin avenue. Base-
ball and skating facilities are provided. An
outdoor natatorium for summer months, and
shower baths the whole year: an outdoor
gymnasium for men and women and a play-
field with wading pool, sand court and play
apparatus.
Pulaski Park— Area 3.8 acres: bounded by No-
ble. BlPckhfwk, Cleaver and Bradley streets:
contains elpbo^fte fieldhouse. swimming pool
and other facilities for recreation.-.
Harrison Park — Area 8.°44 po^es: bcrundpd by
West 18th street. West 19th street South
Wood street and South Lincoln street. An
932
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
outdoor natatorium has been provided, also
the necessary facilities for baseball and skat-
ing1. An outdoor grymnasium for men and
women and a playground for the children.
with wading- pool, sand court and play ap-
paratus and children's gardens.
Sheridan Park— Area 3.57 acres: bounded* by
Polk. May and Aberdeen streets and first
east and west 16-foot alley north of Tay-
lor street. An outdoor natatorium has been
provided, together with an outdoor grymna-
sium for men and women, children's play-
ground and a large field for baseball and
skating-. Shower baths are open the whole
year.
Humboldt Park Natatorium and Playground-
Area 1,057 acres; adjacent to Humboldt park
on the south, at the southwest corner of
North Sacramento boulevard and Augusta
street. Contains an outdoor natatorium and
children's playfield, with sand court, wading
pool and children's playground apparatus.
Columbus Park— Area 154 acres: bounded by
Adams street. Central avenue. Austin ave-
nue and the right of way of the Aurora, El-
gin & Chicago Railway company: baseball,
g-olf. tennis and skatine: provided for.
Altgeld Park— Area 5.16 acres: lying- in the
center of South Talman avenue, between the
north line of West Harrison street and the
south line of West Van Buren street. To
be provided with shelter, pool and other
playground facilities. Site acauired in June.
New Small Park Site— Bounded by Hirsch
street. Lavergne and Potomac avenues and
Laramie avenue; purchased May 27, 1919;
area 17.353 acres.
West Adams Boulevard — .492 mile long and 66
feet wide: from South Central avenue to
South Austin boulevard.
Ashland Boulevard— 1.26 miles long-, 100 feet
wide: North, from West Lake street, south
to West Madison street; South, from West
Madison street, south to West 12th street.
North and South Austin Boulevard— 3 miles
long. 66 feet to 80 feet in width; from
West Roosevelt road to West North avenue.
South California Boulevard— .692 mile long,
from West Twenty-Fourth Street boulevard
south to Went Thirty-First Street boulevard.
Central Park Boulevard— .448 mile long. 80
feet wide; North, from Franklin boulevard
to Garfield park (Kinzie street) ; South, from
West Madison street to Colorado avenue.
along1 the east side of Garfleld park.
Douglas Boulevard— .877 mile long. 250 feet
wide; from Independence boulevard east to
Douglas park (Albany avenue).
Franklin Boulevard — .763 mile long, 250 to
400 feet wide; west from North Sacramento
boulevard to North Central Park boulevard,
and from North Central Park boulevard to
Garfield park (Kinzie street) : connecting1
Humboldt and Garfield parks.
North Homan Boulevard— .254 mile long: from
West Madison street to West Lake street.
along1 the east side of Garfield park.
:Humboldt Boulevard— .834 mile long. 100 feet
to 400 feet wide: from Palmer square to
Humboldt park (North avenue).
Independence Boulevard— .819 mile long1, from
Garfield park (Colorado avenue) south to
Douglas boulevard.
West' Jackson Boulevard — 6.195 miles long,
from 66 to 80 feet wide; from the Chicago
river west to South Central avenue in Aus-
tin, passing through Garfield park, a contin-
uation of Jackson boulevard on the south
side.
North Kedzie Boulevard— .423 mile long; from
Logan boulevard to Palmer square.
-Logan Boulevard — 1.366 miles long; from the
Diversey avenue bridge to North Kedzie
boulevard, connecting ihe west park system
with the Lincoln park system on the north.
Marshall Boulevard— .505 mile long. 260 feet
wide; from Douglas park (19th street)
south to West Twenty-Fourth Street boule-
vard.
Oakley Boulevard— 3 miles long; North, from
West North avenue, south to West Madison
street: South, from West Madison street to
intersection of Oakley, Ogrden and Roosevelt
Road boulevards.
Ogden Boulevard— .74 mile long, from 70 to
112 feet wide; from Douglas park (Albany
avenue) to Oakley boulevard.
Palmer Square — .327 mile long-; from North
Kedzie boulevard to Humboldt boulevard.
Sacramento Boulevard — 2.213 miles long;
North, from West Madison street to Hum-
boldt park (Augusta street) : South, from
West Madison street to Doug-las park (Roose-
velt road).
West Thirty-First Street Boulevard— .5 mile
long: from South California boulevard east
to South Western Avenue boulevard.
West Roosevelt Road Boulevard— .896 mile
long. 70 feet wide: from Oakley boulevard
to Ashland boulevard; a continuation of
West Roosevelt road.
West Twenty-Fourth Street Boulevard— .217
mile long, east from Marshall boulevard to
South California boulevard.
West Washington Boulevard— 6.319 miles long.
66 to 100 feet wide: from Canal street west
to city limits: through Union park and Gar-
field park, a continuation of Washington
street on the south side.
South Western Avenue Boulevard— .258 mile
long; from West Thirty -First Street boulevard
south to the Illinois and Michigan canal.
connecting1 the west park system with the
south park system.
SMALL PARKS. PLAYGROUNDS AND
BATHING BEACHES.
Bureau of Parks, Public Playgrounds and
Bathing Beaches.
Secretary— Walter Wright.
Superintendent of playgrounds— E. T. Brekke.
Director in charge of beaches and pools — T. R.
Daly.
Director in charge of activities— H. J. Fisher.
Director in charge of maintenance — F. K. Kai-
ser.
Senior foreman of parks— F. R. Thomason.
Office of the bureau— 1004 city hall.
The bureau of parks, public playgrounds
and bathing- beaches is a bureau of the depart-
ment of public works. It maintains and has
jurisdiction over seventy municipal play-
grounds, five bathing beaches, four natatori-
ums. sixty-five small parks, city forestry or
street trees and Gage farm nursery.
The playgrounds are open all year around
from 8 o'clock in the morning until 9 o'clock
at night and each is in charge of a director
and attendant, and during the spring, summer
and fall a young woman assistant director or
physical instructor.
The bathing- beaches under the jurisdiction
of the bureau are the Clarendon beach, the
largest municipal bathing- beach in the world;
the 51st street bathing beach, 76th street
bathing1 beach. Rocky Ledge beach at the foot
of 79th street and the Rogers Park beach at
the foot of Kenilworth avenue.
The city has obtained the possession of the
shore property extending1 from 75th street to
79th street, and it is intended to establish a
large terch and park at this location.
Three of the four natatoriums are open the
year around and no charge is made for their
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
033
use They are very popular in their respective
neighborhoods, as is shown by the large at-
tendance. Instruction is given in swimming
during the winter months.
The small parks vary in size from a beauty
spot of one-tenth of an acre to a forty acre
park and are used to give every possible means
of recreation to the people. Play apparatus,
tennis courts, wading pools, etc., are estab-
lished wherever possible.
City forestry is also under the jurisdiction
of the bureau of parks and the work of trim-
ming trees goes on throughout the year. An
emergency truck is used to remove the dead
and dangerous trees in the parkways through-
out the city so as to prevent accidents to
pedestrians.
Following is a list of the small parks, play-
grounds, bathing beaches and natatoriums
under the jurisdiction of the bureau of parks,
public playgrounds and bathing beaches, with
the area of the parks in acres and size of the
playgrounds:
Small Parks.
Adams Park— -75th place. 76th street and Dob-
son avenue: 1%.
Aldine Square— Vincennes avenue. 37th place
and alley north of 38th street: 1%.
Arcade Park— lllth place. 112th street. For-
restville avenue and Watt avenue: 9-10.
Auburn Park— Bound°d by Lagoon avenue,
Stewart avenue. Winneconna avenue and Nor-
mal avenue: 6.
Austin Park— Waller avenue, Chicago & North-
western railway, Austin avenue and Lake
street: 4%.
Avers Avenue Parkway— From West Addison
street to Avondale avenue.
Arbor Rest— Chestnut street. Rush street and
Cass street: %.
Archer Point— Archer avenue, 20th street and
Dearborn street: 15-100.
Amy L. Barnard Park— North side 105th street,
between Longwood boulevard and Walden
Parkway; 1%.
Bickerdike Square— Ohio street. Bickerdike
street, Ashland place and Armour street: 1.
Blackstone Point— Lake Park avenue. Black-
stone avenue, and 49th street: Vs.
Buena Circle— Buena avenue and Kenmore ave-
nue: %.
Belden Triangle— North Clark street. Sedgwick
street and Belden avenue: %.
Calumet Parkway — Calumet avenue. 63d and
61st streets: 1%.
Chamberlain Triangle— Greenwood avenue. Lake
Park avenue and Forty-third street ; 27-100.
Columbus Circle — South Chicago avenue. Ex-
change avenue and 92d street: %.
Colorado Point — Colorado avenue, Monroe
street and Francisco avenue: %.
Crescent Park— Crescent road, Prescott avenue.
Ormonde avenue and Grassmere road: 8.
Dickinson Park— North Lavergne avenue. Dick-
inson avenue and Belle Plaine avenue: 1%.
Dauphin Park— 87th street, Illinois Central rail-
road, 91st street and Dauphin avenue:
5 12-100.
Douglas Monument Park— Woodlawn park. Illi-
nois Central railroad, 35th street and alley
west of railway: 3.
DeKalb Square— Lexington street. Hoyne ave-
nue, Flournoy street and DeKalb street, %.
East End Park— East End avenue. 51st street.
53d street and Lake Michigan: 10.
Eldr^d Grov<> — Norwood Park avenue and Chi-
cago & Northwestern railway from Argyle
to Ainslie street: 1.
Ellis Park— 36th street. 37th street, Langley
avenue and Elmwood court: 4.
Edghty-S"v«-nth Street Parkway— In 87th street,
from Chicago. Rock Island & Pacific railway
to Eggleeton avenue: 6.
Eugenie Triangle— Eugenie street. North Clark
street and LaSalle avenue: %.
Fernwood Park— 103d street. 95th street. Stew-
art avenue and Eggleston avenue: 8.
Gage Farm — Bounded by 22d street on the
north and 26th street on the south: the east
section line is 1,400 feet west of Oak Park
avenue, extending west 4.000 feet (outside
city limits) : 240.
Graceland Triangle— Maiden avenue and Mont-
rose boulevard: %.
Gross Park— On Otto street, between East
Ravenswood and Paulina street: %.
Green Bay Triangle— North State street. Rush
street and Bellevue place; 33-100.
Harding Avenue Parkway — In Harding avenue,
between Addison street and Byron avenue: 3.
Holden Park— Lake street. Ferdinand street.
Central avenue and Parkside avenue: 4.
Higgins Road Triangle— Higgina road and Mil-
waukee avenue.
Irving Park— Chicago & Northwestern railway.
Irving Park boulevard, near North Keeler
avenue: 35-100.
Kedzie Park— Kedzie avenue, between Palmer
place and North avenue: 3.
Kinzie Parkway— Kinzie street, between Lara-
mie avenue and Long avenue; 1%.
Lawrence Avenue Triangles (4)— On Lawrence
avenue between Clark and Broadway; 8-10.
Linden Park — Avondale avpnne. Chicago &
Northwestern railway, from School street to
Belmont avenue: 9-10.
Maplewood Triangle— Schubert and Maplewood
avenues and Chicago & Northwestern rail-
way: %.
Merrick Park— Pine avenue. Long avenue,
Ferdinand street and Kinzie street: 6.
McKenna Triangle— 38th street. Archer ave-
nue and Campbell avenue; 3-10.
Montrose Point — Montrose avenue. Sheridan
road and Broadway: %.
Mulberry Point— Nickerson avenue. Nina street
and Nicollet: %.
Myrtle Grove— Neva avenue. Ninnewa avenue
and Hood avenue; 1%.
Normal Park— 67th street. 69th street. Lowe
avenue and Chicago & Western Indiana rail-
road: 2-6.
Norwood Circle — Neva avenue, Peterson ave-
nue and Circle avenue: 2%.
Oakland Park— Lake Park avenue. 39th street
and Illinois Central railroad: %.
Ogd->n Arrow— North Clark street. Wells street
and Ogden front: %.
Patterson Park— Leavitt street. Boone street
and DeKalb street: %.
Pullman Park— lllth street, lllth place. Cot-
tage Grove and Forrestville avenues: %.
Ravenswood Pnrkway — Erst R^venswood ave-
nue, between Lawrence and Berteau-avs. : 134.
Rice Triangle — Western avenue and Grand ave-
nue: %.
Rocky Ledge Park— 79th street and Lake Mich-
igan: 3%.
Roberts Square — Winnemac avenue: North
Laramie avenue. Argyle avenue and North
Lock wood avenue: 5.
Rutherford Park— Palmer street. North New-
land avenue. North Oak Park avenue and
Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad:
4 33-100.
Sacramento Avenue Parking— 26th street. Sac-
ram^nto avenue and House of Correction: %.
Salt Creek Park— Salt creek and Chicago. Bur-
lington & Quincy railroad at Brookfield (out-
side city limits) : 32 64-100.
Schoenhofen Place— Canal street. Canalport
avenue and 18th street: 3-10.
Stony Island Parkway— Stony Island avenue.
6fith to 79th street: 8.
Twenty-Second Street Parkway— In 22d street,
from South Crawford avenue to South Ken-
ton avenue: 3%.
934
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
The Midway — Midway, between Waller avenue
and Austin avenue: 1%.
Ihe Lily Gardens— Lowe avenue, Chicago &
Western Indiana railroad, 71st street, 73d
street; 2%.
The Railway Gardens— Avondale avenue, Net-
tleton avenue and Raven street, south of
Chicago & Northwestern railway, also on
Norwood Park avenue, north of Chicago &
Northwestern railway; 2%.
Washington Square— North Clark street, Wal-
ton place. Dearborn street and Delaware
place: 3.
West End Parkway— In West End Avenue,
from Menard avenue to Austin avenue. North
Waller avenue and Parkside avenue: 1%.
Winnemac Park — Robey street, Foster avenue,
Argyle street and Leavitt street: 40.
Washington Heights Park— Vincennes road and
104th street; %.
Municipal Playgrounds.
Names, locations and dimensions (in feet).
Adams— Seminary avenue, near Center street;
102 by 288.
Agassiz — Seminary avenue and George street:
265 by 109.
Auburn Park— Normal avenue and West 81st
street: 210 by 210.
Audubon — Hoyne and Cornelia avenues: 138 by
264.
Avondale— North Sawyer and Wellington ave-
nues: 250 by 120.
Belding— Tripp and Cullom avenues: 155 by
195.
Beutner— 33d and LaSalle streets: 258 by 546.
Bosley— 31st and Bonfield streets; 116 by 696.
Brentano— Fairfield avenue and Schubert street :
139 by 358.
Budlong — Foster, near Lincoln avenue: 325 by
200.
Burley— Barry avenue, between Paulina street
and Ashland avenue; 252 by 128.
Burroughs — 36th street and Washtenaw ave-
nue: 265 by 159.
Cameron— Potomac and Monticello avenues:
272 by 208.
Carter — East 58th street and Michigan ave-
nue. 150 by 256.
Christopher — 22d and Robey streets: 125 by
275.
Colman — South Dearborn street, north of 47th
street; 320 by 125.
Commercial Club— Chicago avenue and Lincoln
street: 120 by 123 and 125 by 200.
Cooper — 18th place between Ashland avenue
and Paulina street.
Copernicus — 60th and Throop streets: 268 by
96 and 96 by 96.
Corkery— 25th street and Kildare avenue: 265
by 164.
Dante — Forquer and Desplaines streets: 235 by
95.
Davis— West 39th place and Sacramento ave-
nue: 278 by 265.
Delano— West Adams street and Springfield
avenue: 218 by 260.
Doolittle — 35th street, between Cottage Grove
and Rhodes avenues: 231 by 179.
Drake— 27th street and Calumet avenue: 181
by 194.
Earle— South Paulina and West 61st streets:
290 by 125.
Emmet— West Madison street and Pine ave-
nue: 316 by 288.
Field Branch— North shore and Greenview ave-
nue: 275 by 290.
Fiske — 62d street and Ingleside avenue: 264
by 174.
Franklin— Sigei street, between Wells and Sedg-
wick streets: 200 by 125.
Fulton— West 53d and Paulina streets: 296 by
136.
Gallistel— 104th street and Ewing avenue: 300
by 125.
Gary— Lawndale avenue and 31st street; 602
by 265.
Gladstone— Robey street and Washburne ave-
nue; 240 by 126.
Graham — i5th street and Union avenue; 90
by 265.
Hamlin— 16th street and Hamlin avenue; 300
by 598.
Hayes— Leavitt and Fulton streets; 96 by 96
and 96 by 96.
Henry— North St. Louis and West Cullom ave-
nues; 300 by 125.
Howe — Long avenue and Superior street: 344
by 125.
Kohn— East 104th and State streets; 310 by
266.
Lemoyne— Rokeby and Addison streets: 290 by
290.
Lloyd— Dickens and Lamon avenues: 275 by
267.
McCormick— 28th street and Sawyer avenue:
125 by 275.
McCosh— Champlain avenue; between East 65th
and 66th streets: 210 by 125.
McLaren— Polk and Laflin streets; 185 by 175.
McPherson — North Winchester and Lawrence
avenues: 280 by 152.
Mitchell— Oakley boulevard and Ohio street:
140 by 110.
Morse — North Sawyer avenue and West Ohio
street: 280 by 130.
Moseley— 24th street and Wabash avenue: 200
by 200.
Mozart— West Hamlin and Humboldt avenues:
266 by 125.
Nettelhorst— Broadway and Aldine avenue; 344
by 100.
tNorthwestern— Larrabee and Alaska streets: 70
'by 350.
Oakland— Langley avenue and 40th street: 80
by 198.
Orleans— Orleans street and Institute place: 126
by 136.
Orr — Heeler avenue and Thomas street.
Otis— Armour street and Grand avenue: 200
by 160.
Pickard— South Oakley avenue and West 21st
place: 275 by 130.
Poe— Langley avenue and East 106th street:
200 by 125.
Raster— Wood and West 70th streets; 265 by
181.
Robey— Robey and Birch streets: 265 by 114.
Ryder— Lbwe avenue and West 88th street;
250 by 196 and 96 by 96.
Ryerson — Lawndale avenue and Ohio street:
290 by 325.
Sampson — loth and Loomis streets: 125 by 215,
Scanlan— Perry avenue, between 117th and
118th streets: 295 by 154.
Sherwood— 57th street and Princeton avenue:
156 by 250.
Swift— Winthrop avenue, between Ardmore and
Thorndale avenues: 340 by 125.
Swing— Jefferson street, between 17th and 18th
streets: 220 by 130.
Thorp — 89th street and Buffalo avenue: 140
by 140.
Washington— Grand avenue and Carpenter
street: 128 by 174.
Waters— West Wilson and West Campbell ave-
nues: 250 by 250.
Whittier — 23d and Lincoln streets.
Wrightwood— Wrightwood and Greenview ar»-
nues: 361 by 454.
Municipal Bathing Beaches and Natatoriums.
Clarendon Beach— Lake Michigan, foot of Sun-
nyside avenue.
Fifty-First Street Beach— Lake Michigan, foot
of 51st street.
Rocky Ledge Beach— Lake Michigan, foot of
79th street.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
935
Seventy-Sixth Street Beach— Lake Michigan, j
foot of 76th street.
Rogers Park Beach-Foot of Kenilworth-av
og —
Washington Heights Swimming- Pool— 104th
street and Vincennes avenue.
MONUMENTS IN CHICAGO AND VICINITY
Griffith Natatorium — 104th-st and Harvard-av.
Jackson Natatorium— 3506 West Fillmore street.
Beilfuss Natatorium— 1725 North Springfield
avenue.
Name, location and date of dedication or
completion of each.
American Expeditionary Force Tablet-On north-
west cor. of federal building; Oct. 19 1919.
Alarm. The-Lincoln park: May 17 1884.
Altgeld— Lincoln park: Sept. 6. 1915.
Anarchists'— Waldheim cemetery; June 2o. 1893.
Andersen. Hans Christian-Lincoln park: Sept.
Armstrong3/ George B -Postoffice. north en-
trance: May 19. 1881.
Indors-Bohemian Na-
25. 1906.
^luSbfrPoVrNo/TOe: &7A: Rarest Home
Co^fedSfte sSldlerVolkwoods cemetery; July
Douglas^Fcot of 35th street: corner stone laid
Sept. 6. 1866: dedication June 3, 1868.
Mizenberg. S— Waldheim cemetery: Sept. 24.
1916.
Mulligan — Calvary cemetery; May 30, 1885.
McKinley— McKinley park; July 4, 1905.
Oglesby, Richard J. — Lincoln park; unveiled
Nov. 21. 1919.
Press Club— Mount Hope cemetery; Nov. 12,
1893.
Reese. Michael — 29th street and Groveland ave-
nue: completed spring of 1893.
Republic. Statue of the — Jackson park; May
11. 1918.
Reuter— Humboldt park; May 14. 1893.
Rosenberg Fountain — Park row and Michigan
avenue. Accepted by city Oct. 16. 1893.
Schiller— Lincoln park; May 15, 1886.
Shakespeare — Lincoln park; April 23, 1894.
Signal of Peace. The— Lincoln park; June 9,
1894.
Sweeney Post No. 275. G. A. R.— Evergreen
cemetery, Barrington; Sept. 9, 1906.
Thomas Post No. 5. G. A. R.— Rosehill ceme-
tery; Feb. 22. 1895.
Sept. 6. 186: ecaion un : . Viotoria-Garfieid park: Oct. 16. 1893.
Drake Fountain-Exchange avemie and 9~a Wgr Qf lgl<, Tablet_In Q> A> R> hall>
street. South Chicago: dedicated Oct. 11,
1908: presented to city Dec. 26. .1892 and
first stood on Washington street in front of
DrCe°xUelthF0oUuSntain and Statue-Drexel boulevard
and 51st street: completed in June. 1883; no
park; Got .12. 100JL
Ferguson Fountain of the Great Lakes-On
south terrace of Art institute: Sept 9. 1913.
Finerty. John F.— Garfield park: Oct. II. 1914.
Fire (1871) Tablet— 137 DeKoven street: 1881.
Fort Dearborn Massacre— Calumet avenue and
18th street: June 22. 1893.
Fort Dearborn Tablet-River street and Michi-
gan avenue: unveiled May 21. 1881.
Franklin— Lincoln park; June 6-1896
Garibaldi-Lincoln park: Oct. 12. 1901.
Goethe— Lincoln park: June 13, 1914.
Grand Army 50th Anniversary Bronze Tablet
-Garfield park: May 6. 1916
ceme-
; Sept. 28 1918
Harrison, Carter H.— Union park; June 29, 1907.
Havlicek. Karel-Douglas Pa rk ; July 30. 1911.
Hay market-Union park; May 30. 1889.
Humboldt-Humboldt park; Oct. 16 1892
Illinois Centennial— Logan square: Oct. 13. 1918.
Indian Trail Tree Tablet— Glencoe; Nov. 7.
1911
Iroquois Theater Fire Tablet— In hospital, 28
North Market street: Dec. 30 1911.
Kennison-Lincoln park: Dec. 19. 1903
Kinzie Tablet— Pine and Kinzie streets: July
Kosc'iuszko— Humboldt park; Sept. 11. 1904.
LaSalle— Lincoln park: Oct. 12 1889.
Lincoln— Lincoln park: Oct. 22. 1887
Lincoln Memorial Bronze Bust— In front of
Exchange building. Union stockyards; Feb.
12 1916
Lincoln Post No. 91. G. A. R— Oakwoods
cemetery: June 14. 1905.
Lincoln Wigwam Tablet— Market and Lake
streets: unveiled May 11. 1910.
Linne— Lincoln park: May 23 .1891.
Logan— Grant park: July 22. 1897.
Logan Post No. 540. G. A. R— Rosehill ceme-
tery: June 1. 1900.
Marauette-Joliet— South Robey street and river;
cross dedicated Sept. 23, 1907; tablet. May
6. fl.909.
Library building.
Washington— Grand boulevard and 51st street:
completed June 6, 1904: no formal unveiling.
Washington Post No. 94. G. A. R.— Elmwood
cemetery: Aug. 22. 1909.
Willich Post No. 780, G. A. R.— Town of
Maine cemetery; Oct. 13. 1901.
TABLET TO THE A. E. F.
A bronze tablet erected at the northwest
corner of the federal building in memory of
the American soldiers who fought in France
was unveiled Oct. 19. 1919. by the Sons of
the Revolution. Attorney Samuel B. King,
president of the society in Illinois, made the
introductory speech.
The unveiling marked the anniversary of
the surrender of the British army to the Amer-
ican and French army, which closed the revo-
lutionary war, at Yorktown. Va. The principal
speaker was Gen. L. Collerdet, military attache
from the French embassy at Washington. The
tablet reads:
"The minute men of 1775. who left the
Plow and shouldered the musket that men in
America might be free and equal, were be-
holden to France for the victory. To the
men of 1917 in khaki and blue the spirit of
the minute men is beholden for the redemp-
tion of the debt to France that was made
when the commander of the American army
in France said 'Lafayette, we are here.' "
SOCIETIES OF TEACHERS IN CHICAGO.
Cook County Teachers' Association — Fullerton
hall. Art institute: president. J. W. Costello;
superintendent. E. J. Tobin. 1122 county bldg.
Chicago Principals' Club — 1808. 5 South
Wabash avenue; president. Chester C. Dodge.
Hibbard school: secretary, Esther Perry Horn-
boker. Goodrich school.
Chicago Teachers' Federation — Room 1335, 127
North Dearborn street: president. Mrs. Ida
L. Fursman: corresponding secretary. Frances
E. Harden: recording: secretary. Miss Mary
F. Dwyer; financial secretary. Miss Ida Schif-
flin: treasurer. Miss Mary E. Murray: busi-
ness representative. Margaret A. Haley; or-
ganizer. Nora M. O'Connor.
Chicago Teachers' Relief Society — President,
Peter A. Mortenson; secretary. Miss Marion
H. Dyer. 2717 Wilcox street; treasurer,
Morgan G. Hogge.
936
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
OLD CHICAGO BUSINESS HOUSES.
Following is a list of firms which have been
in business in Chicago for fifty years or more
There are doubtless numerous omissions • and
the editor of the Almanac will appreciate it
U they are brought to his attention. The
nrebent name of each firm is given first and
fhlnthe name or names it may have borne
in the past with the approximate year of the
change of title when known:
1836 _ Og-den Sheldon & Co.. real estate:
Clark and Lake streets.
1837— S. D. Childs & Co.. engravers and print-
ers. 136 'South Clark street.
C D Peacock, jeweler, 141 South State
street: Elijah Peacock.
Hotel Sherman: City hotel. 1837: Sherman
house. 1844.
1838— Burley & Co.. china and glassware. 7
North Wabash avenue: Burley & Tyrrell
Co 1846 (Consolidated with Albert
Pick & Co.. 1919.)
1840— George B. Carpenter & Co.. *™$m*gp.
North Wells street: George A. Robb. 1840:
Pay son & Robb. 1845: Hubbard & Robb.
1850: Gilbert Hubbard & Co.. 1857:
George B. Carpenter & Co.. 1881
Co 1863: F. C. DeLang & Co..
Keen & DeLang Co.. 1884: DeLang. Coles
& Co.. 1906.
1842— Henry Homer & Co.. wholesale grocers,
563 West Randolph street: Henry Homer.
1842: Henry Horner & Co., 1871.
Joseph T. Ryerson & Son. iron, steel and
machinery. 16th and Rockwell streets.
Sprague Smith Co.. glass. 164 West Ran-
dolph street: original firm name Alexan-
der White & Co.
1844— A. C. McClurg & Co.. bookseller^ 218-
224 South Wabash avenue: W. W. Barlow
& Co.. 1844: Griggs. Bross & Co.. 1848:
Jansen. McClurg & Co.. 1872: A. C.
McClurg & Co.. 1886.
Peter Van Schaack & Sons, druggists. 114-
118 West Lake street.
Sharp & Smith, surgical instruments. 155-
157 North Michigan avenue.
The Chicago Daily Journal. 15 South Market
street.
1846— Fergus Printing Co.. 64 East Lake
street: Ellis & Fergus.
Peter Schuttler Co.. wagon makers. 22d and
Rockwell streets.
1847— John V. Farwell Company, dry goods.
Market and Monroe streets.
Cyrus H. McCormick & Co. (International
Harvester Co.). harvesting machinery.
Blue Island and Western avenues: McCor-
mick & Gray: McCormick, Ogden & Co.
The Chicago Tribune. Dearborn and Madison
1848^-Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co.. The. bil-
liard tables. 633 South Wabash avenue:
J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
The Staats Zeitung. 24 South Wells street.
1850— Mears-Slayton Lumber Co.. 1237 Bel
mont avenue; C. H. Mears & Bro., 1850;
N. & C. H. Mears. 1881: Chas. H. Mears
1889: Chas. H. Mears & Co.. 1892.
Gerts. Lumbard & Co.. brushes: 221 West
Randolph street.
1851— /Etna Life agency, insurance. Tribune
building.
Durand & Kasper Co.. wholesale grocers
Lake. Union and Eagle streets: Baily &
Dnrnnd. 1851 : Durand Bros. & Powers
1856: Dnrand Bros.. Powers & Co.. 1866
Dnrpnd & Co.. 1871: H. C. & C. Durand
1879: Dnrand & Kasner PO.. 1894.
Fuller-Morn sson Co.. 310 West Washington
street; Fuller & Roberts. 1851: Fuller
Finch & Fuller. 1855: Fuller & Fuller
18«5.
Heath & Milligan Mfg. Co.. paints: 332 South
Michigan avenue.
1852— Pinkerton National Detective agency.
131-137 South Wells street.
Sherer-Gillett Co.. manufacturers. 1705-9 S.
Clark street.
John A. Tolman & Co.. 84 East Lake street.
T. D. Randall, grain dealer. 234 South
LaSalle street.
Home Insurance Co.. 175 West Jackson-blvd.
1853— Frank Pannelee Transfer Co.. Ill West
Adams street.
D. B. Fisk & Co.. wholesale millinery. 225
North Wabash avenue.
Briggs house. Wells and Randolph streets.
The Northwestern Christian Advocate. 734
Rush street.
1854— Cook & McLain. dyers. 154 North Dear-
born street.
E. W. Blatchf ord & Co.. lead pipe and metals.
230 North Clinton street.
Albert Dickinson Co.. seeds. 2750 West 35th
street.
C. H. Jprdan & Co.. undertakers. 164 North
Michigan avenue.
1855— Crane Co.. valves and fittings. 836 South
Michigan avenue: R. T. Crane & Co..
1855: Crane Bros. Mfg. Co., 1872.
The Martin Dawson Co.. confectionery. 1530
South State street: J. B. Hannegan & Co..
1855: N. Crickard & Co.: Dawson &
Shields. 1868: Martin Dawson. 1878.
Fargo & Phelps, shoes. 1701 North Robey
street: Bill. Fargo & Kellogg. 1855; Fargo
& Bill. 1856: Fargo. Fales & Co.. 1864:
C. H. Fargo & Co.. 1871.
Greenebaum Sons bank. 9 S. LaSalle street.
Hibbard. Spencer. Bartlett & Co.. hardware,
etc.. State street bridge: Tuttle Hibbard.
1855: Hibbard & Spencer, 1865: Hibbard.
Spencer & Co.. 1877: Hibbard. Spencer.
Bartlett & Co.. 1882.
Mandel Brothers, dry goods. State and Madi-
son streets.
Sherwood company, school furniture. Lincoln
and 14th streets.
Samuel A. Spry, lumber, 122 South Michigan
avenue: F. B. Gardner. 1855: Gardner &
Spry. 1866: Gardner & Spry Lumber Co..
1869: John Spry Lumber Co.. 1885.
The L. Wolf Manufacturing Co.. 601-607
West Lake street: McGuire & Wolf. 1855:
L. Wolf Mfg. Co.. 1868.
W. H. Salisbury & Co.. leather and rubber
goods. 308-310 West M-dison street:
John B. Ideson and Hallock & Wheeler.
1855: Hallock, Holmes & Co.. 1874: Hal-
lock. Salisbury & Kline. 1879: W. H.
Salisbury & Co.. 3881.
1856— Marshall Field & Co.. dry goods. State
and Washington streets: Cooley. Wads-
worth & Co.. 1856: Cooley. Farwell &
Co.. 1857: Farwell. Field & Co.. 1861:
Field. Palmer & Leiter. 1865: Field. Leiter
& Co.. 1867: Marshall Field & Co.. 1881.
Peterson nursery. 30 North LaSalle street.
Rand. McNally & Co.. mans, etc.. 536-538
South Clark street: William H. Rand.
1856.
Tobey Furniture Co.. The. Wabash avenue
and Washington street: Charles Tobey.
1856: fhprles To^ey & Bro.. 1857:
Thayer & To^ey. 1870: The Tobey Furni-
ture Co.. 1875.
1857— The A. H Andrews Co.. bank fixtures.
117 So"th Wabash avenue.
Baird & Warner, real estate, 29 S. LaSalle
str^t: o. L. Olmsted. 1857: Baird &
Bradley, t S64.
Barnard & Miller, law publishers. 172 North
T,aSp11e street.
Julius Bauer & Co., pianos. 305 S. Wabash
a verpie.
J. B. Chambers & Co.. jewelers. 35 East Mad-
ison street.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
937
Charles F. Elmes Engineering- Works, Mor-
gan and Fulton streets: Elmes & Son.
Columbian Iron Works. 1857; Columbian
Iron Works. 1878: Charles F. Elmes Engi-
neering Works. 1892.
Gage Bros. & Co.. wholesale millinery. 18-22
South Michigan avenue: Webster & Gage.
1857; Gage Bros. & Co.. 1870: A. S.
Gage & Co.. 1883.
W. W. Kimball & Co.. pianos and organs.
Wabash avenue and Jackson boulevard.
Albert Pick & Co.. glassware. 208 West
Randolph street.
McVicker's theater. 25 West Madison street.
Merchants' Loan and Trust company, bank-
ers. Adams and Clark streets.
C. A. Taylor Trunk Works. 28 East Ran-
dolph street.
1858— Edson Keith & Co.. wholesale millinery.
24 South Michigan avenue: Keith &
Faxon. 1858: Keith. Faxon & Co.. 1860:
Keith Bros.. 1865: Edson Keith & Co..
1884.
H. & A. Rietz Lumber Co.. 1802 North Cen-
tral Park avenue: Chas. Rietz & Co..
1858: The Charles Rietz Bros. Lumber
Co.. 1876.
Windsor Clifton hotel. Monroe street and
Wabash avenue^ Clifton house. 1858.
1859— Henry N. Birren. undertaker. 213 West
Division street.
James S. Kirk & Co.. soap manufacturers.
320 East North Water street.
A. Plamondon Manufacturing Co.. machinery.
12-24 North Clinton street.
Jacob Press Sons, wagons, 300 North Halsted
street: Kuhl & Press. 1859: Jacob Press.
Rogersqn & Son. undertakers. 1502 West
Madison street.
1860— Armour Elevator Co.. grain elevator.
1220. 208 South LaSalle street: Armour.
Dole & Co.
Gale & Blocki. druggists, 15 East Monroe-st.
Rumsey & Co.. commission merchants, 141
West Jackson boulevard: Finley, Hoyt &
Co.. 1860: J. P. & J. W. Rumsey. 1865:
Rumsey. Williams & Co.. 1873; Rumsey
& Walker. 1877: Rumsey & Bull. 1881:
Rumsey & Lightner. 1892: Rumsey & Co..
1903.
1861 — The Franklin Co., engraving and elec-
trotyping. 720-734 South Dearborn street;
A. Zeese & Co.. 1861: A. Zeese Co.. 1882:
Franklin Engraving and Electrotyping Co..
1894.
Rathbone, Sard & Co.. stoves, 1414 South
Wabash avenue.
Western News company. 25 East Austin ave-
nue: John R. Walsh.
1862— Bigelow Bros. & Walker, lumber, 309, 5
North LaSalle street: Bigelow Bros.. 1862.
W. D. Kerfoot & Co.. real estate. 58-60 West
Washington street.
Spalding Lumber Co.. 208 S. LaSalle street.
Allen B. Wrisley Co.. soap and perfume man
ufacturers. 923 South Wells street: Wris-
ley Bros.. 1862: Allen B. Wrisley Co.,
1874.
1863 — First National bank. Dearborn and Mon-
roe streets.
The Bohner Manufacturing Co.. glassware.
1009 South Wabash avenue: N. F. Merrill.
1863: Eaton. Maguire & Co.: Eaton &
Brown; Brown & Bohner. 1871: George
Bohner & Co.. 1875.
B. Kuppenheimer & Co.. wholesale clothing.
415 South Franklin street: Kohn. CJay-
burgh & Einstein, 1863: B. Kuppenheimer
& Co.. 1870.
1864— Belding Bros. & Co.. silks. 201-203 West
Monroe street.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co., printers, 731
Plymouth court: Church. Goodman & Don-
nelley. 1864; R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co..
1879.
The N. K. Fairbank Co.. cooking fats, soaps,
etc.. Ill West Washington street: Fair-
bank. Peck & Co.. 1864: N. K. Fairbank
& Co.. 1874.
Lyon & Healy. musical instruments. Wabash
avenue and Jackson boulevard.
Western Bank Note and Engraving Co.. 118
East 20th street.
Union Stock Yard and Transit Co.. Halsted
and Root streets.
1865— Chicago Clearing House association. 60
South LaSalle street.
Chicago Stock Exchange. 209 S. LaSalle-st.
1866 — Chicago Lumber and Coal Co.. 11 South
LaSalle street.
Chicago Varnish company. 2100 Elston-av.
Tarrant Foundry Co.. 363 West Grand-av.
Foley billiard hall. 425 South Wabash-av.
Manz Engraving Co.. 4001 Ravenswood ave-
nue: Maas & Manz. 1866: J. Manz. 1870:
J. Manz & Co.. 1881.
Union Bag and Paper Co.. 3737 South Ash-
land avenue: Wheeler & Hinman. 1866:
Wheeler. Fisher & Co.. 1871: Union Bag
and Paper Co.. 1875.
1867— Carson. Pirie. Scott & Co.. dry goods.
State and Madison streets: Carson, Pirie
& Co.. 1867.
George F. Cram, map publisher. Ill North
Market street.
Edward Kirchberg. jeweler. 104 North State
John F. Higgins, printer. 176 Monroe street.
John M. Smyth Co.. furniture. 701 West Mad-
ison street.
Sauer & Letang. shoemakers, 77 East Mon-
roe street: D. Sauer Co.. 1867.
1868— A. T. Willett Teaming Co.. 75 East
South Water street.
Critchell. Miller. Whitney & Barbour. insur-
ance. Insurance Exchange building.
Isaac W. Nichols, jewelry, 7 West Madison
street.
Munger Laundry Co., 2412 Indiana avenue.
Philip Henrici Co., restaurant; 71 West
Randolph street.
The Hibernian Banking association. 208 South
LaSalle street.
1869— L. Klein, dry goods, etc.: Halsted. 14j,h
and Liberty streets.
CHICAGO CITY ATTORNEYS SINCE
N. B. Jndd 1837-1839
Samuel L. Smith 1839
Mark Skinner 1840
George Manierre 1841, 1843
Henry Brown 1842
Henry W. Clarke 1844-1845
Charles H. Lurrnbee 1846
Patrick Ballingall 1847. 1854
Giles Spring 1848
O. R. W. Lull 1849
Henry H. Clark 1850-1851
Arno Voss 1852-1853
J. A. Thompson 1855
J. L. Marsh 1856
John C. Miller 1857
Elliott Anthony 1858
George F. Crocker 1859
John Lyle King 1860
Ira W. Buell 1861
George A. Meech 1862
Francis Adams 1863-1864
Daniel D. Driscoll 1865-1866
Hasbrouck Davis 1867-1869
Israel N. Stiles 1869-1873
Egbert Jamieson 1873-1875
R. S. Tuthill 1876-1878
Julius S. Grinnell 18'9-1885
Hempstead Washburne.. 1885-1889
George F. Sugg 1889-1891
Jacob J. Kern 1891-1893
1837.
George A. Trude 1893-1895
Roy O. West 1895-1897
Miles J. Devine 1897-18W
Andrew J. Ryan 1899-1902
John E. Owens 1902-1903
John F. Smulski 1903-1905
Frank D. Ayers 1905-1907
John R. Caverly 1908-1910
Clyde L. Day 1910-1911
Nicholas L. Piotrowski.. 1911-1915
Charles R. Francis 1915-1917
William H. Devenish....l917
The city nttornevship became
an appointive office in 1905.
938
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CHICAGO THEATERS.
Seating- capacity given in parentheses.
Academy (962)— 16 South Halsted street.
Adelphia (1.312) — 7070 North Clark street.
Albany Park (994)— 4816 North Kedzie-av.
Alhambra (1.134)— State-st. and Archer-av.
Alvin (536)— 1612 West Chicagro avenue.
American (1,226)— 6-14 North Ashland-av.
Americus (664)— 3437 Og-den avenue.
Apollo (669)— 526-528 East 47th street.
Apollo (1,013)— 1540 North Crawford avenue.
Archer (900)— 2006-10 Archer avenue.
Argmore (660)— 1038-52 Argyle avenue.
Aristo (603)— 2648 Lincoln avenue.
Armitage (951) — 3553 Armitage avenue.
Ashland (605) — 4856 South Ashland avenue.
Ashland (901)— 1613 West Madison street.
Atlantic (1.609) — 3950 West 26th street.
Atlas (627)— 4715 South State street.
Auditorium (3.623)— Congress and Wabash-av.
Austin (533)— 5619 West Madison street.
Avon (762)— 3325-29 Fullerton avenue.
Avenue (1.140)— 3108 Indiana avenue.
Banner (796)— 1611 North Robey street.
Beach (996)— 1504 East 51st street.
Bell (570)— 1539 Milwaukee avenue.
Bertha (591) — 4717 Lincoln avenue.
BUou (858) — 300 South Halsted street.
Biograph (998)— 2431 Lincoln avenue.
Blackstone (1.200) -60-68 East 7th street.
Boulevard (998)— 1606 Garfleld boulevard.
Broadway (690)— 5206-8 Broadway.
Broadway Strand (1.587)-1641 West 12th-st.
Bryn Mawr (768)— 1125 Bryn Mawr avenue.
Buckingham (965)— 3317 North Clark street.
BulS The (992) -3940 North Robey street.
Bush Temple (845)— 110 West Chicago avenue.
California (683)— 3436 West 26th street.
Calo (880)— 5406 North Clark street.
Calumet (1.013)— 9206 South Chicagro avenue.
Casey (944)— 4649-53 South State street.
Casino (1 003)— 403 North Clark street.
Central Music Hall (677)— 64 E. Van Buren-st.
Central Park (2.032) -3531-39 West 12th-st.
Century (822)— 1419 West Madison street.
Chateau (1.683)— 3810-12 Broadway.
Chicago (1.200)— Wabash-av. and Peck court.
Chicalo Avenue (705)-2126-28 W. Chicago-av.
Chopin (546)— 1541-43 West Division street.
Cicero (595) — 306-08 South Cicero avenue.
Circle (707)— 3239-41 Wrst 12th street.
Claremont (624)— 3226 North Clark street.
Clark (1 050) — 4533 North Clark street.
Cohan's Grand (1.405)— 121 North Clark-st.
Coliseum (15.000)— Wabash-av.. near 16th-st.
Coll-g-e (1,083)— W^bstor and Sheffield-avs.
Colonial (1.450)— 26 West Randolph street.
Columbia (1.078)— 15-21 North Clark street.
Columbia (700)— 2120 North Clark street.
Columbus. The (927)— 6236 South Ashland-av.
Coronado (785)— 3972 Vincennes avenue.
Cort (962)— 76 82 North Dearborn street.
Cosmopolitan (854)— 7938 South Halsted-st.
Covent Gard-n (2.251)— 2653-65 N. Clark-Bt.
Crawford (908)— 19 South Crawford avenue.
Crescent (792)— 2915 Milwaukee avenue.
Criterion (1.233)— 1228 Sedgwick street.
Crown (1.391)— Ashland-av. and Division-st.
Crown Hippodrome (707)— 4007 West 26th-st.
Crystal (1.834)— 2701-11 West North avenue.
Dante (500)— 815 W^st Taylor street.
Dearborn (741)— 1T06 North Dearborn street.
De Luxe (1,033)— 1141 Wilson avenue.
Devon (546) — 1616 Devon avenue.
Doug-las (792)— 3236 West 22d street.
Douglas (584)— 3123-25 Cottage Grove avenue.
E. A. R. (892)— 6839 Wentworth avenue.
Easterly (571) — 27^8 Lincoln avenue.
Ellantee (1424)— 1548-56 Devon avenue.
Elmo (780)— 2404 We<4 Van Buren street.
Emnvtt (550) — 4^38 Wentworth avenue.
Empire (l.°42)— 673 W~st Madison street.
Empress (900)— 6°46 Cottage Grove avenue.
Fmnress (1,439>— 6226 South Hal<5tPd street.
Enerlewood (1 305)— 726 West 63d street.
Erie (610)— 641-643 North Clark street.
Famous (600)— 3644 West Chicago avenue.
Franklin (725)— 320 East 31st street.
Frolic (899)— 947 East 55th street.
Gaiety (759) — 9205 Commercial avenue.
Garfield (693)— 2844 West Madison street.
Garrick (1.257)— 60 West Randolph street.
Gayety (981)— 531 South State stieet.
Germania (905)— 1546-50 North Clark street
Gold (803)— 3411 West 12th street.
Grand (772)— 3512-18 Archer avenue.
Grand (593) — 415 East 43d street.
Grand (853)— 3110 South State street.
Grand (565)— 3433 West North avenue.
Grand Oak (904)— 3955 Grand boulevard.
Grayland (526)— 3947 North Crawford avenue;
Great Northern (1,350)— 21 Quincy street.
Halfield (952)— 5449 South Halsted street.
Halsted (707)— 320 South Halsted street.
Hamilton (999)— 2186 East 71st street.
Hamilton (639)— 6811 South Halsted street.
Hamlin (1.204)— 3826 West Madison street.
Harper (1,201)— 5234-44 Harper avenue.
Harvard (726)— 6316 Harvard avenue.
Haymarket (1.800)— 722 West Madison street.
Hippodrome (538)— 1619 West 63d street
Howard (1.650)— 1631 Howard street.
Hub (769)— 1742-46 West Chicag-o avenue.
Hyde Park (622)— 5314 Lake Park avenue.
Ideal (698)— 1622 Larrabee street
Ellington (982)— 2122-24 West 22d street.
Illinois (1.287)— 75 East Jackson boulevard.
Imperial (1.266)— 2329 West Madison street.
Independence (574)— 3747 West 12th street
Indiana (786)— 219 East 43d street.
Iris (895)— 5747 West Chicag-o avenue.
Irving' (1,396)— 4005 Irving- Park boulevard.
Jackson Park (1.420)— 6711 Stony Island-av.
Julian (799)— 920 Belmont avenue.
Karlov (893)— 4048 Armitage avenue.
Kedzie (1,461)— W. Madison-st. and Kedzie-av.
Kedzie Annex (753)— 3210-12 West Madison-st.
Kenmore (496)— 1039 Wilson avenue.
Kenwood (885)— 1225 East 47th street.
Keystone (791)— 3912 Sheridan road.
Kimbark (688)— 6240 Kimbark avenue.
Knickerbocker (994)— 6217 Broadway.
Lake Shore (542)— 3175 Broadway.
Lakeside (998)— 4730 Sheridan road.
Lane Court (999)— 322 Center street.
Langley (889)— 702 East 63d street.
LaSalle (759)— 110 West Madison street.
LaSalle (728)— 152 West Division street.
LeGrand (694)— 5241 North Clark street.
Leida (644)— 645-47 West 120th street.
Lexington (716)— 1162 East 63d street.
Lexington (755) — 715 South Crawford avenue.
Liberty (649)— 3707 Fullerton avenue.
Lincoln (1,500) — 3160 Lincoln avenue.
Linden (798)— 743 West 63d street.
Log-an Square (1.318)— 2532 Milwaukee-av.
Lowy's (654) — 740 Milwaukee avenue.
Lucille (503)— 653-657 North Cicero avenue.
Lux (754)— 106-108 East 35th street.
Lyceum (700)— 3851 Cottage Grove avenue.
Lyda (925)— 315 North Cicero avenue.
Lyric (560)— 115th street and Michigan-av.
Mabel (655)— 3956-58 Elston avenue.
Madison Square (1,367) — 4730-40 W.Madison.
Madlin (797)— 1910 West Madison street.
Majestic (1.980)— 18 West Monroe street.
Marlowe (1,139)— Stewart-av. and West 63d-st.
Marshall Square (1.426)— 2869 West 22d-st.
Marshfield (924)— 3305-11 N. Marshfield-av.
McVicker's (1,813)— 23 West Madisan street.
Metropolitan (1,384) — 4644 Grand boulevard.
Michig-an (1.345)— 110-112 East Garfield blvd.
Midway (900)— Cottage Grove-av. and 63d-st.
Milfor-d (1 188)— 33H North Crawford avenue.
Model (800)— 821 West 69th street.
Monarch (726)— 461 East 31st street.
Morse (565)— 1330-32 Morse avenue.
National (1.188)— 6235 South Halsted street.
New Apollo (1.013)— 1540 N^rth Crawf ord-av.
Newberry (709)— 854 North Clark street.
New Irving- (579)— 716-718 West 12th street
New Strand (773)— 2111 West Division street.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
939
North Avenue (1.195)— 316 West North-av.
Oak (1.007)— 2000 North Western avenue.
Oakland Square (1,424)— 3947-51 Drexel-blVd.
Oakley (978)— 2320 West Chicago avenue.
Olympia (582) — i619-21 South Ashland-av.
Olympic (1.594)— 1(55 North Clark street.
Orchestra Hall (2,570)— 216 b. Michigan-av.
Orpheum (794)— 110 South State street.
Orpheus (879)— 1611-13 West 12th street.
Owl (944)— 4649-53 South State street.
Palace (1,442)— 1135 Blue Island avenue.
Palace (1.303)— 127-135 North Clark street.
Palace (503)— 1826 South Halsted street.
Panorama (671)— 5110 Prairie avenue.
Pantheon (2.298) — 4642 Sheridan road.
Paramount (988)— 2636 Milwaukee avenue.
Park (568)— 5960 West Lake street.
Parkway (748)— 2736-38 North Clark street.
Parkway (774)— 11053 Michigan avenue.
Parkway (960)— 2737 West 22d street.
Paulina (790)— 1335 North Paulina street.
Pekin (610)— 2700 State street.
Peoples (1.078)— 2207 West Van Buren street.
Peoples Theater (2.111)— 1620 West 47th-st.
Pershingr (1,431) — 4614 Lincoln avenue.
Pine Grove (653)— 717 Sheridan road.
Plaisance (519) — 466 North Parkside avenue.
Playhouse. The (550) — 410 S. Michigan-av.
Plaza (1.195)— 308-312 West North avenue.
Powers' (1.106)— 124 West Randolph street.
Prairie (902)— 5744 Prairie avenue.
President (719)— 55th street, near Calumet-av.
Princess (958)— 319 South Clark street.
Rainbow (734)— 11311 South Michigan-av.
Randolph (661) 14-16 West Randolph street.
Regrenf (732)— 6744 Sheridan road.
Regent (824)— 6826 South Halsted street.
Republic (770)— 3918 Lincoln avenue.
Rex (604)— 6848 South Racine avenue.
Rex (688)— 2340-42 West Madison street.
Rialto (1.548)— 336-44 South State street.
Riviera (2.100) — 4752 Broadway.
Rose (727)— 2860 Milwaukee avenue.
Roseland (996)— 11331 South Michigan-av.
Rosewood (985)— 1823 Montrose boulevard.
Schindlers (1,053)— 1005-7 West Huron street.
thakespeare (996)— 936 East 43d street,
heridan (567)— 935 Irving Park boulevard.
South Shore (999)— 6851 btony Island avenue.
St. Alphonsus (1.004)— Southport and Lincoln
avenues.
Star (1,423)— 1455 Milwaukee avenue.
Star and Garter (1.961)— 815-17 W. Madison.
State-Lake (2.820)— 180-196 North State-st.
States (686) — «>oU5-ll ta'outh State street.
Strand (693)— 3029-33 Lincoln avenue.
Strand (1.469)— 700 South Wabash avenue.
Studebaker (1.289) — 418 South Michigan-av.
Temple (543) — 3121 Lincoln avenue.
Terminal (896) — 3308 Lawrence avenue.
Thalia (889)— 1807 Allport avenue.
Theater (897)— 3138-42 South Halsted street.
Tippin (791)— 4045 West North avenue.
Triangle (546)— 7219 Wentworth avenue.
Twentieth Century (932)— 4708 Prairie-av.
Twentieth Century (798)— 3530-38 W. 12th-st.
Vaudeville (570)— 501-5 South Kedzie avenue.
Vendome U.266)— 3143-47 South State street.
Verdi (958)— 2035-41 West 35th street.
Vernon (742)— 436 East 61st street.
Victoria (1.800)— Belmont and Sheffield -a vs.
Virginia (692)— 809 West Madison street.
Vision (722)— 2650 West Division street.
Vista (975)— 822 East 47th street.
Vitagraph (998)— 3133 Lincoln avenue.
Waverly (556)— 527 South Halsted street.
Weber's (1.309)— 1836-40 South Wabash-av.
West End (1,199)— 121 North Cicero avenue.
White Palac" (737)— 1609-11 South Kedzie-av.
Willard (1.195)— 340 East 51st street.
Wilson (1.000) — Wilson avenue and Broadway.
Wilson (1.301)— 2408-18 West Madison-st.
Windsor (1.256)— 1235 North Clark street.
Windsor Park (556)— 2638 East 75th street.
Woodlawn (1,750)— 63d-st. and Woodlawn-av.
Woods (1,196)— Randolph and Dearbom-sts.
York (583)— 641 South Paulina street.
Ziegfeld (692)— 624 South Michigan avenue.
In addition to the theaters nam~d abov there
were on Dec. 1, 1919. a considerable number
of minor places of amusement with a seating
capacity of less than 500 each.
LOCATION OF MAIN RAILWAY PASSENGER STATIONS.
CENTRAL STATION.
Park row and 12th street; south side.
Cleveland. Cincinnati. Chicago & St. Louis (Big
Four).
Illinois Central.
Michigan Central.
Grand Rapids & Indiana
CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN.
West Madison and Canal streets; west side.
AJ1 divisions.
DEARBORN STATION.
Dearborn and Polk streets; south side.
Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe.
Chesapeake & Ohio.
Chicago & Eastern Illinois.
Chicago & Western Indiana.
Chicago. Indianapolis & Louisville (Monon).
Erie,
Grand Trunk.
Wabash.
GRAND CENTRAL STATION.
South Wells and Harrison streets; south side.
Baltimore & Ohio.
Chicago Great Western.
Chicago Terminal Transfer.
Minneapolis. St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie (Soo
line: formerly Wisconsin Central).
Pere Marquette.
LA SALLE STREET STATION.
Van Buren and LaSalle streets; south side.
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific.
Chicago & Indiana Southern.
Lackawanna.
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern.
New York, Chicago & St. Louis (Nickel Plate).
UNION STATION.
Canal street, between Adams and Madison;
west side.
Chicago & Alton.
Chicago. Burlington & Quincy.
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul.
Pittsburgh. Fort Wayne & Chicago.
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati. Chicago & St. Louia (Pan
Handle).
CHICAGO CITY CLERKS SINCE 1837.
I. N. Arnold 1837
George Davis 1837-1838
William H. Brackett... 1839
Thomas Hoyne 1840-1841
James M. Lowe 1843
E. A. Ruckpr 1844-1815
William S. Brown 1845
Henry B. Clarke 1846-1847
Sidney Abell 1848-1850
H. Wl Zimmerman. 1851-56, 1863-64
H. Kreisman 1857-1859
Abraham Kohn
1860
A. J. Marble
.1861-1862
Albert H. Bodman
.1865-1869
Charles T. Hotchkiss.
..1869-1873
Joseph K. C. Forrest.
..1873-1875
Caspar Butz
.1876-1878
P. J. Howard
..1879-1883
J. G. Neumeistor
.1883-1885
C. Herman Plautz... .
.1885-1887
D. W. Nickerson
,1887-1889
Franz Amberg
.1889-1891
James R. B. Van Cleave
1891-1893. 1895-1897
Charles D. Gastneld. ...1893-1895
William Loeffler 1897-1903
Fred C. Bender 1903-1905
A. C. Anson 1905-1907
John R. McCabe 1907-1909
F. D. Connery 1909-1915
John Siman 1915-1917
Joseph Siman 1917-1917
James T. Igoe 1917-
940
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
MAP OF CHICAGO SHOWING GROWTH BY ANNEXATIONS.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
941
» GROWTH OF CHICAGO BY ANNEXATIONS.
Annexations. Date of Act
A — Original town as platted by canal commissioners AUK 4 1830
B —Town limits extended by trustees Nov' 6*1833
0 —Town of Chicago as incorporated Feb.'ll' 1835
D — City of Chicago as incorporated Mar 4* 1837
D1 —Withdrawn by act of legislature Jan. 21 1843
D» —Withdrawn by act of legislature Mar 3*1843
D1 —Re-annexed by act of legislature (0.50 sq. miles) >
D2 —Re-annexed by act of legislature (0.375 sq. miles) Vpeb 14 1851
E —Extension by act of legislature (3.375 sq. miles) )
F —Extension by act of legislature Feb. 12. 1853
G —Extension by act of legislature Feb 13 1863
H —Annexed as part of Lincoln park by act of legislature. ..Feb 8*1869
1 —Extension by act of legislature Feb. 27 1869
Village of Jefferson Feb. 21. 1887
City of Chicago " May 16. 1887
Area in
sq. miles.
'.4825
1.5152
8.2200
.5000
.3750
Tbtal area.
sq. miles.
.4173
.8998
2.4150
10.6350
10.1350
9.7600
Annexed at
J —Annexed by ordinance
K —Annexed by resolution "of Cook cou'nfy" commissYon'eYs.\\'Apr 29 1889
Ll —Part of town of Cicero (1.00 aq. mile) >,
L3 —Town of Jefferson (29.530 sq. miles) .
L» —City of Lake View (10.3135 sq. miles) >
I/ —Town of Lake (36.00 sq. miles)
L* —Village of Hyde Park (49.132 sq. mi.) )
M — Part of village of Gano. annexed at election Apr. 1.1890
N — South Englewood. annexed by ordinance May 12 1890
01 —Village Washington Heights (2.81 sq. mi.) Annexed at UT
02 —Village of West Roseland (1.793 sq. mi.) election. fNov. 4. 1890
P —Annexed by ordinance Dec. 4. 1890
Q —Village of Fernwood. annexed at election Apr. 7.1891
R1 —Village of Rogers Park (2.125 sq. miles) ) AnnexedaU A . 1000
R» —Village of West Ridge (1.75 sq. miles).. C election. ) I APF- 4.1893
S —Village of Norwood Park, annexed at election Nov. 7.1893
T —Part of town of Calumet, annexed by ordinance Feb. 25. 1895
U —Austin, annexed at election Apr. 4. 1899
V —Village of Edison Park, annexed at election Nov. 8.1910
W — Disconnected by ordinance Julyl7.1911
X —Village of Morgan Park, annexed at election Apr. 7. 1914
Y —Village of Clearing, annexed at election Apr. 6.1915
Z — Part of city of Evanston, annexed by ordinance —
By city of Evanston Nov.17.1914*
By city of Chicago Feb. 8.1915?
AA— Re-annexed at election Apr. 6.1915
BB— Part of town of Stickney. annexed at election June 7.1915
CC— Annexed by act of legislature July 1. 1915
4.2500 14.0100
17.9980
24.2820
24.3765
35.7565
36.7565
43.9065
3.1250
1.8750
2.
.1230
510
.3125
DD — Part of Norwood Park, annexed by ordinance Dec. 17. 1917SLI 1.0000
169.8360
171.6090
174.5080
179.1110
179.1570
180.1380
184.0130
186.1380
187.1380
190.6380
191.3255
191.2905
194.4155
196.2905
196.4135
196.4345
198.6845
198.9970
199.9970
STATE AND SECTIONAL
California Society of Illinois— President, Wil-
liam W. Durham: secretary. George Day. 1904
Warren avenue.
Chicago Colony of New England Women— Presi-
dent. Miss Leila C. Brown. 538 East 34th
street: recording secretary. Mrs. James B.
Barnet. 72 East Elm street; corresponding
secretary. Mrs. Wilbur H. Ford. 5431 Wood-
lawn avenue.
Chicago Society of Ohio Women— President.
Mrs. Willis O. Nance: recording secretary.
Mrs. Allen R. Smart; corresponding secretary,
Mrs. Allen Winch.
Council of State Societies of Chicago— Club-
room No^ 6. Auditorium hotel; president.
Orva G. Williams; 1st vice-president. Miss
Leila C. Brown: 2d vice-president. Judge
John P. McGoorty: secretary. Miss Florence
J. Allen: treasurer. J. G. Schaefer; board of
governors, the officers and Mrs. D. Harry
Hammer, W. W. Norris. Dr. Heman H.
Brown. Dr. Joseph P. Cobb. Mrs. Ella M.
Wood.
Daughters of Indiana— President. Mrs. Thomas
M. Butler, 1415 East 57th street: correspond-
ing secretary, Mrs. C. W. Cuddy, 7411 Green-
view avenue, Rogers Park.
SOCIETIES IN CHICAGO.
Empire State Society of Chicago— President,
George H. White: treasurer, George W. Ford ;
secretary. George W. Hegel; headquarter*.
Auditorium hotel.
Hawkeye Club of Chicago (Iowa)— President.
John P. McKinley: secretary, Harry C. Ord-
way. 920 Argyle street.
Indiana Society of Chicago — President. William
A. Heath: first vice-president. Edwin M.
Allen: treasurer. Lucius Teter; secretary, Ed-
ward M. Holloway. 725 Federal building.
Michigan Society of Chicago— ^President. Irving
K. Pond: secretary. John E. Sutton. 175 West
Jackson boulevard.
New England Society of Chicago— President.
Dr. Joseph P. Cobb: treasurer. Henry R. Kent:
secretary. B. F. Paine. 503 West 62d street.
Ohio Society of Chicago— President. John T.
Richards; secretary. E. F. Lapham.
Pennsylvania Society of Chicago— President, Dr.
William E. Buehler; secretary and treasurer.
P. S. Goodman, 209 S. LaSalle-st.
Wisconsin Society of Chicago— President. Kem-
per H. Knapp; secretary-treasurer, L. A. Wil-
liai
OFFICERS. 1919-1920.
President— Frederick T. West.
First Vice-President—Frank Hamlin.
Second Vice-President—William S. Monroe.
Third Vice-President— Rollin T. Chamberlin.
Domestic Corresponding Secretary — Mrs. Laurie
R. Frazeur.
Foreign Corresponding: Secretary— Charles S.
Winslow.
THE GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY OF CHICAGO.
Organized Feb. 26. 1898.
Recording Secretary— Mrs. Bertha B. Bohn.
Treasurer— Orpheus Moyer Schantz. P. O. Box
223. Chicago. 111.
Directors — Officers and George S. Isham. Jesse
Lowe Smith. James W. Walker. Frederick T.
West. Zonia Baber. Henry J. Cox. J. Paul
Goode. Henry J. Patten. Henry Chandler
Cowles. Ulysses Sherman Grant. Jens Jensen.
Rollin D. Salisbury.
942
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
MAP OF CHICAGO
SHOWING WARD BOUNDARIES.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
943
CHICAGO WARD BOUNDARIES.
As fixed by the redistricting ordinance of Dec. 4. 1911.
Ward.
1. Chicago river west and south of Wallace,
south to W. 25th. east to Princeton, south to
W. 28th-pl., east to S. Wells-st., south to W.
30th, east to Wentworth-av., south to W. 31st,
east to Lake Shore right of way. north to W.
26tn, east to S. Michigan-av., north to E. 25th.
east to Indiana-av., south to E. 26th, east to
South Park-av.. south to E. 31st. east to Lake
Michigan, north to river.
2. Lake Michigan and Slst-dt., west to South
Park-av.. north to E. 26th, west to Indiana-av.,
north to E. 25th, west to S. Michigan-av.. south
to E. 26th, west to Lake Shore right of way.
south to W. 31st. west to Wentworth-av., north
to W. 30th, west to S. Wells-st., south to W.
33d, west to Stewart-av., south to W. 39th,
east to Cottage Grove-av.. north to 38th, east
to Lake Michigan, north to 31st.
». Lake Michigan and 47th. west to St. Law-
rence-ay., south to E. 49tb, west to S. State,
north to W. 43d, west to Princeton-av., north
to W. 39th. east to Cottage Grove-av.. north
to E. 38th, east to Lake Michigan, southeast
to 47th.
4. Wallace and river west and south to W. 34th-
pi., east to S. Halsted, north to W. 34th. east
to Union-av., south to W. 35th. east to Wal-
lace, north to W. 33d, east to S. Wells-st.,
north to W. 28th-pl., west to Princeton-av.,
north to W. 25th, west to Wallace, north to
river.
6. From Intersection of river and south fork
southwest along canal to W. 39th. west to S.
48th-av.. south to W. 45th. east to S. Ashland-
av.. north to W. 43d, east to Prince ton -av.,
north to W. 39th, west to Stewart-av., north to
W. 33d, west to Wallace, south to W. 35th,
west to Union-av., north to W. 34th. west to
S. Halsted, south to W. 35th. west to south
fork of river and northwesterly to river.
6. Lake Michigan and E. 47th-st. west to St.
Lawrence-ay., south to E. 49th, west to S.
State, south to E. 63d, east to South Park-av..
north to E. 60th, east to Lake Michigan, north-
west to 47th.
7. Lake Michigan and E. 60th-st., west to South
Park-av.. south to E. 63d, west to Stewart-av.,
south to W.
east to Harvarti-av.. south to
W. 67th, east to Wentworth-av.. south to W.
71st. east to S. State, south to E. 75th, east to
Stony Island-av., north to E. 73d, east to lake,
northwest to E. 60th.
8. Lake Michigan and E. 73d-st., west to Stony
Island-av., south through Lake Calumet to city
limits, east to Indiana state line, north to lake
and northwest to E. 73d.
9. Stony Island-av. and E. 75th. west to S. State,
south to W. 79th. west to Wallace, south to
W. 84th, east to Stewart-av., south to W. 103d,
west to S. Halsted, south to W. lllth, west to
S. Peoria. south to W. 115th. west to Vin-
cennes-av., southwest to Lyon-av., east to S.
Ashland-av.. south to W. 123d. east to S. Hal-
sted, south to city limits, east to Stony Island-
av. projected, and north to E. 75th.
10. S. Racine-av. and W. Roosevelt road, west to
Loomis, north to Taylor, west to S. Wood,
south to W. 16th, east to S. Ashland-av., south
to river, northeast to S. Morgan, north to W.
18th, east to S. Morgan, north to W. 16th,
west to S. Racine-av., north to W. Roosevelt
road.
11. S. Wood aud Taylor, west to S. Uakley-bd.,
south to W. Roosevelt road, west to P., C.,
C. & St. L. R. R., south to canal, northeast to
S. Ashland-av., north to W. 16th, west to S.
Wood, north to Taylor.
12. W. Roosevelt road and P., C.. C. & St. L. R.
R., west to S. Kedzie-av., south to W. 19th,
west to S. Homan-av., north to Ogden-av.,
Ward.
southwest to Clifton Park-av., south to W. 24th,
west to S. Central Park-av., south to canal,
northeast to P., C., C. & St. L. R. R., north
to W. Roosevelt road.
13. W. Washington-bd. and N. Oakl&y-bd., west
to N. 40th-av.. south to W. Roosevelt road, «ast
to S. Oakley-bd., north to W. Washington-Jad.
14. W. Chicago-av. and N. Ashland-av., west to
N. 40th-av.. south to W. Washington-bd., east
to N. Ashland-bd.. north to W. Chicago-av.
15. W. North-av., and N. Robey, west to N. St.
Louis-av.. south to W. Chicago-av., east to N.
Ashland-av.. north to W. Division, west to N.
Robey, north to W. North-av.
16. River and Fullerton-av.. west to N. Robey.
south to W. Division, east to river, northwest
to Fullerton-av.
17. River and W. Division, west to N. Ashland-
av., south to W. Kinzie, east to river, north-
west to W. Division.
18. River and W. Kinzie, west to N. Ashland-
av., south to W. Washington-bd.. west to N.
Oakley-bd., south to Taylor, east to S. Her-
mitage-av., north to W. Van Buren, east to
river, north to W. Kinzie.
19. River and W. Van Buren, west to S. Herml-
tage-av., south to Taylor, east to Loomis. sooth
to W. Roosevelt road, east to S. Halsted, north
to Taylor, east ta S. Desplaines, south to De-
Koven, east to S. Jefferson, south to Bunker,
east to river, north to W. Van Buren.
20. River and Bunker, west to S. Jefferson, north
to DeKoven, west to S. Desplaines. north to
Taylor, west to S. Halsted, south to W. Roose-
velt road, west to S. Racine-av, south to W.
16th, east to S. Morgan, south to W. 18th,
west to S. Morgan, south to river, northeast to
Bunker.
21. Lake Michigan and Fullerton-av.. west to N.
Clark, southeast to Sedgwick. south to W. Divi-
sion, east to Orleans, south to river, east to
lake and north to Fullerton-av.
22. Menomonee and Sedgwick, west to Larrabee.
north to Center, west to Racine-av., south to
Clybourn-pl.. west to river, south and south-
east to Orleans, north to W. Division, west to
Sedgwick, north to Menomonee.
23. Cornelia-av. and Lake Michigan, west to
Southport-av.. south to Roscoe. east to Ra-
cine-av., south to Fullerton-av.. east to Shef-
field-av., south to Center, east to Larrabee.
south to Menomonee, east to Sedgwick. north
to N. Clark, northwest to Fullerton-av., east
to Lake Michigan.
24. Roscoe and Racine-avs., west to N. Western-
av.. south to Belmont-av., west to river, south-
east to Clybourn-pl.. east to Racine-av., north
to Center, tast to Shefh'eld-av.. north to Ful-
lerton-av., west to Racine-av., north to Roscoe.
25. Lake Michigan and Rogers-av., southwest to
Howard, west to Ridge-rd., southeast to Dev-
on-av., east to N. Clark, southeast to South-
port-av., south to Cornelia-av., east to Lake
Michigan, northwest to Rogers-av.
26. Ridge-rrl. and Howard, wost to N. Kedzie-
av., south to Devon-av.. west to north shore
channel, south along channel and river to Bel-
mont-av., east to N. Western-av.. north to
Roscoe, east to Southport-av., north to N.
Clark, northwest to Devon, west to Ridge-rd.,
northwest to Howard.
27. North shore channel and Devon-av., west to
N. Narragansett-av.. thence along city limits
as established by annexation of Norwood Park
to Park Ridge-bd. on north and Highland-ay,
on west, east and south to Bryn Mawr-nv.. east
to N. Maynard-nv., south to Irvine Park-bd.,
west to N. Harlem-av., south to Belmont-«Y..
east to N. Crawford-av.. south to Fullerton-ar..
east to N. Central Park-av., north to Diversey-
av., east to N. Francisco-av.. north to Belmont-
944
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
av.. east to river, northwest along river and
channel to Devon-av.
tS. River and Belmont-av.. west to N. Francisco-
av.. south to Diversey-av.. west to N. Sacra-
mento-av.. south to W. North-av.. east to N.
Robey. north to Pullerton-av.. east to river,
northwest to Belmont-av.
29. S. Racine-av. and W. 43d, west to S. Ash-
land-av.. south to W. 45th. west to S. Cicero-
av., south to W. 51st. west and southwest to
S. 72d-av.. south to W. 59th, east to S. 60th-
av.. south to W. 65th, east to S. Cicero-av.,
south to W. 69th, east to S. Robey, south
to W. 7lst. east to Loomis. north to W. 66th,
west to S. Wood, north to W. Garfield-bd.,
east to Loomis. north to W. 47th, east to S.
Racine-av.. north to W. 43d.
30. S. State and W. 43d. west to S. Racine-av.,
eouth to W. 47th. west to Loomis. south to W.
Garfleld-bd.. east to S. State, north to W. 43d.
H. S. State and W. Garfield-bd.. west to S.
Wood, south to W. 66th. east to Loomis. north
to W. 63d. east to S. State, north to W. Gar-
fleld-bd.
32. Stewart-av. and W. 63d. west to Loomis.
south to W. 71st, west to S. Robey. north to
W. 69th. west to S. Cicero-av.. south to W.
87th. east to S. Western-av.. south to W. 99th.
west to Ogden-av. (Morgan Park), south to W.
115th. east to S. Western-av.. south to Lyon-
av.. east to Vincennes-av.. northeast to Ray-
Ward.
mond, east to S. Morgan, north to W. lllth.
east to S. Racine-av.. north to W. 107th, east
to S. Halsted, north to W. 103d, east to Stew-
art-av.. north to W. 84th. west to Wallace,
north to W. 79th. east to S. State, north to
W. 71st. west to Wentworth-av.. north to W.
67th. west to Harvard-av.. north to W. 66th.
west to Stewart-av.. north to W. 63d.
33. Diversey and N. Sacramento-ays, west to N.
Central Park-av.. south to Fullerton-av., west
to N. Cra \vford-av., north to Belmont-av.. west
to N. Harlem-av., south to North-av.. east to
N. Austin-av., south to Madison, east to N.
Laramie-av., north to W. Kinzie. east to N.
Kenton-av., north to North-av.. east to If.
Crawford-av.. north to Armitage-av.. east to
Sacramento-av.. north to Diversey-av.
34. S. Kedzie-av. and W. Roosevelt road, west to
S. Kenton-av., south to W. 39th, east to canal,
northeast to S. Central Park-av., north to W.
24th, east to Clifton Park-av., north to Ogden-
av., northeast to S. Homan-av., south to W.
19th, east to S. Kedzie-av., north to W.
Roosevelt road.
35. N. Sacramento and Armitage-avs., west to N.
Crawford-av., south to W. North-av.. west to
N. Kenton-av.. south to W. Kinzie. west to N.
Laramie-av.. south to 'Madison, west to S. Au§-
tin-av., south to Roosevelt-rd., east to S.
Crawford-av., north to W. Chicago-av., east
to St. Louis-av.. north to W. North-av.. east
to Sacramento-av.. north to Armitagre-av.
CHICAGO AT
Port Dearborn established 1803
Fort Dearborn massacre Aug. 15. 1812
Chicagro surveyed and platted 1830
Cook county organized 1831
Town of Chicago incorporated.. .August. 1833
City of Chicago incorporated March 4. 1837
First election held March 31, 1837
First money panic 1837
First railroad opened 1848
Cholera epidemic 1854
Second money panic 1857
Great fire (loss 8200,000.000) .Oct. 8-9. 1871
Third financial panic 1873
City incorporated under general law
April 23. 1875
Savings bank crash 1877
World's Fair held 1893
Centennial celebrated Sept. 26-30. 1903
Iroquois theater fire Dec. 30. 1903
Eastland disaster July 24, 1915
Race riots July 27-Auer. 2. 1919
Population July 1. 1919 (est.)— 2,647.353.
Appropriations, all purposes (1919)— $58,800,-
404.16.
Area in square miles— 200.371.
Assessed valuation, total all property (1918),
$1. 082. 763.780 (one-third actual value).
Assets, fixed (1918). S214.769.758.75.
Asylums— 127.
Banks, national, state and private— 168.
Boulevards, mileage of — 62.
Cemeteries, number of — 59.
Churches, chapels and missions — 1.200.
Clearings by associated banks (1918)— $25.-
930.200.367.
Debt gross funded (1918)— $35,408,700.
Dispensaries — 22.
Elevation— Above sea level. 600 feet: above
Lake Michigan. 19 feet.
Employes on city pay rolls (1917)— 32.342.
Expense, municipal (1917)— 876.918.788.65.
Exports, direct (1918)— 870.932.414.
Firemen, number of. including officers— 2.031.
Fire alarm boxes — 2.147.
A GLANCE.
Fireboats— 6.
Fire engines— 126.
Fire engine companies — 126.
Fire hook and ladder companies— 34.
Hospitals— 84.
Imports of merchandise (1918)^833,208.376.
Internal revenue collected in Chicago district
(1918)— 8304.374.930.33.
Latitude— N. 41 deg. 53 min. 6 sec.
Length of city, north to south, miles— 26.
Libraries— 31.
Lights, street, in service— 57.637.
Longitude— 87 deg. 38 min. 1 sec. west.
Mail carriers (1919)— 2.185.
Mail., pieces of. handled, fiscal year (1919)—
2,150.379,983.
Manufactures in 1914. value of product —
81.482,814.000.
Medical schools— 29.
Newspapers and periodicals — 820.
Parks, area of public, in acres— 3,949.
Police force, all branches — 1.706.
Postal receipts, year ending June 30. 1919—
832.243.751.32.
Postal savings banks depositors (1919)— 22.-
748.
Pupils enrolled in public schools (1919)—
377.058.
Railroads (divisions not included) entering Chi-
cago— 27.
Revenue, municipal (1918)— 891.484.241.30.
Saloons, number of (Nov. 1, -1919) — 4.750.
Schools, public, number of— 288.
ttreet. longest (Western avenue), miles— 23%.
treet railway mileage— 1,350.
Streets and alleys, tofra-1 mileage — i.824.
Teachers in public schools, number of— 8.558.
Tonnage of vessels cleared (1918)— 10,437.499.
Value (actual) of real estate and personal
property (1918)— 83.248.291.340.
Water used in a year (1917). gallons— 234,-
132.030.000.
Width of city, east to west — 9 miles.
THE CHICAGO REAL ESTATE BOARD.
26 North Dearborn street.
President— Ivan O. Acklpy I Secretary— Bartholomew OToole.
Vice-President—Arthur W. Draper. I Treasurer— John R. Magill.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
ASYLUMS, HOMES AND NURSERIES IN CHICAGO AND VICINITY.
Ajrard Deaconess Host Home— Lake Bluff.
Altenheim— (See German Old People's Home).
Augustan* Central Home— 1346 North LaSalle
street.
Augustana Home for the Aged— 7544 Stony
Island avenue.
Augustaua Nursery— 1346 North LaSalle street.
Augustana Nurses' Home— 351 Gartield avenue.
Augustana Women's Home— 1307 East 54th street.
Bacon Home for Missionaries' Children — 11016
South Irving avenue.
Baptist Old People's Home— 316 South 4th avenue.
Maywood.
Bethany Home tor the Aged — 5015 North Paulina
street.
Bethany Home for Young Ladies— 824 Center
street.
Bethlehem Creche Day Nursery— 235 West 63d
street.
Beulah Home— 2144 North Clark street.
Bohemian Old People's Home — 5061 North Craw-
ford avenue.
Chicago Baptist Orphanage— Maywood.
Chicago Deaconesses' Home— 22 West Erie street.
Chicago Home for Convalescent Women and Chil-
dren—1516 West Adams street.
Chicago Home for Girls— 5024 Indiana avenue.
Chicago Home for Incurables — 5535 Kills uveuue.
Chicago Home for Jewish Orphans— Drexel ave-
nue and 62d street.
Chicago Industrial Home for Children — Office 1132
West Washington boulevard.
Chicago Light House— 3321 West 22d street.
Chicago Municipal Lodging House— 162 North
Union avenue.
Chicago Nursery and Half Orphan— 1932 Burling
street.
Chicago Orphan — 5120 South Park avenue.
Chicago Shelter llome— 547 Maxwell street.
Chicago State Hospital— Dunuin
W<
Chicago Woman's Shelter — 1356 West Monroe-st.
Christopher House Day Nursery— 1616 Fullerton
avenue.
Church of God and Saints of Christ Day Nurs-
eries and Orphanage and Home— 5405 South
Dearborn street.
Church. Home for Aged Persons— 6435 Ingleside
avenue.
Cook County Home (for Poor)— Oak Forest.
Cook County Kiuderheim— 1356 North Rockwell-st.
Co-Operative League of Chicago (Homes for
Business Mothers and Their Children)— 2217
and 5131 Calumet avenue.
Danish Lutheran Orphan — 3320 Evergreen avenue.
Danish Old People's Home — 6809 Hurlbut street.
Emerson House Day Nursery— 1906 Emerson-av.
Evangelical Deaconesses' Home — 408 Wisconsin
street.
Faith Missionary Home — 300 West 74th street.
Florence Crittenton Anchorage — 2615 Indiana-av.
Foundlings' Home — 15 South Wood street.
Frances Juvenile Homo — 433 East 42d street.
German Baptist Deaconess Home and Hospital
Society— 3264 Cortland street.
German Deaconesses' Homo— 824 Center street.
German Hospital Nurses' Home — 2329 Cambridge
avenue.
German Old People's Home— Forest Park, 111.
Guardian Angel. German Orphan — 2001 Devon-av.
Hebrew Sheltering Home — 1336 South Morgan-st.
Helen Day Nursery— 702 Barber street.
Home for the Aged — West Harrison and Throon.
Home for Aged Jew
street
-Drexel avenue and 62d
Home for Aged and Infirm Colored People— 510
West Garfield boulevard.
Home for Destitute Crippled Children— 1653 Park
avenue.
Home for the Friendless — Vincennes avenue and
5lst street. *
Home for Jewish Friendless and Working Girls—
63d street and Ellis avenue.
Hope Hall — 6036 Ravenswood avenue.
House of the Good Shepherd — 1126 Grace street.
Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind— 1900-1932
Marshall boulevard.
Illinois Industrial School for Girls-Park Ridge.
Illinois Masonic Homes— LaGrange and Sullivan,
Illinois Manual Training School Farm— Glen wood.
111. Office 608. 160 West Jackson boulevard.
Illinois St. Andrew Society Old People's Home
—Riverside. 111.
Immanuel Women's Home— 1505 North LaSalle-st.
Indiana House— 12 East Grand avenue.
Institutional Church Day Nursery (colored)— 3828
South Dearborn street.
Jackson Park Sanitarium— 64th street and tb«
lake.
Jane Ridley Home for Soldiers' Widows (col-
ored)—3852 Forest avenue.
Jewish Shelter House— 1316 Turner avenue.
Josephine Club — 515 South Ashland avenue.
Juvenile Detention Home — 771 Gilpin place.
Kinderheim House — 1356 North Rockwell street.
King (James C.) Home for the Aged— Garfleld
boulevard and South Park avenue.
Lawrence Hall (home for boys)— 2850 Lawrence
avenue.
Louise Training School for Colored Boys— 6130
South Ada street.
Lutheran Orphans' Home — Addison. 111.
Margaret Etter Creche— 2421 Wabash avenue.
Marks Nathan Jewish Orphan— 1550 S. Albany-ar.
Martha Washington Home— North Western ave-
nue and Irving Park boulevard.
Mary Crane Day Nursery— 818 Gilpin place.
McKinley Home for Working Giris— 661 South
Ashland avenue.
Mercy Home— 2834 Wabash avenue.
Methodist Deaconess Orphanage— Lake Bluff
Methodist Episcopal Old People's Home— 1417
Foster avenue.
Miriam Club. Homes for Jewish Working Girls—
481a Champlain atenue
Mission of Oar Lady of Mercy— 1138 West Jack-
son boulevard.
National Park Seminary Day Nursery— 329 West
24th street.
North Avenue Day Nursery— 2138 West North
avenue.
Norwegian-Danish Deaconess Home— 1925 North
Sawyer avenue.
Norwegian Lutheran Bethesda Home— 2244 Had-
Children's Home— Edison
don avenue.
Norwegian Lutheran
Park.
Norwegian Lutheran Deaconess Home— 1138 North
Leavitt street.
Norwegian Old People's Home— 6054 Avondale-ar.
Ogontz Day Nursery— 1600 Allport street.
Old People's Home— 4724 Vincennes avenue.
Orphan and Convalescent Lame of St. Mary of
Nazareth— 4423 North Paulina street.
Orthodox Jewish Home for the Aged— Albany
and Ogden avenues.
Park Ridge School for Girls— Park Ridge.
Parting of the Ways Home— 112 West 22d street
Paulist Day Nursery— 919 South Wabash avenue
Phyllis Wheatley Home— 3530 Forest avenue.
Presbyterian Home— Highland Park.
Protestant Association Home for Children— Jl»
Normal parkway.
Providence Day Nursery— 3052 Grattan avenue.
ReFthaven — 3360 South Park avenue.
St. Charles School for Boys— St. Charles. 111.
St. Elizabeth Day Nursery— 906 N. Franklln-st.
St. Joseph's Home for Aged and Crippled— 2649
North Hamlin avenue.
St. Joseph's Home for the Friendless— Lake Park
avonue and 35th strpot.
St. Joseph's Home for Working Girls— 1100 South
Mav street.
St. Mary of Nazareth's Home— 4423 North Mul-
ligan avenue.
St. Mary's Home for Children— 2822 West Jack-
son boulevard.
St. Mary's Mission House— 850 Washington blvd.
St. Mary's Nursery — 2822 West Jackson boulevard
St. Mary's Settlement and Day Nursery— 651
West 44th street.
St. Mary's Training School for Boys— Des Plainer.
St. Vincent's Infant Asylum— 721 North LaSalle
street.
946
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Strah Haokott Stevenson Memorial Lodging
House for Women— 2412 Prairie avenue.
South Chicago Day Nursery — 9011 Burley avenue.
Susanna Wesley Home— 3143 South Michigan-av.
Swedish Baptist Old People's Home— 11404 South
Irving avenue.
Uhlich Evangelical Lutheran Orphan Asylum—
• 2014 Burling street.
Volunteers of America Children's Home—
Evanston; day nursery, 1213 Washington-hd.
Walther League Hospice Home — 4331 Calumet-av.
Washingtonian Home— 1529 West Madison street.
Western German Baptist Old People's Home—
1851 North Spaulding avenue.
Working Men's Home and Life Boat Mission—
32 North State street.
Young Woman's Christian Association Home—
830 South Michigan avenue.
Young Woman's Christian Home — 318 South Ash-
In nd boulevard.
FOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES OF CHICAGO.
Presbyterian— West Congress and Wood streets.
Provident— Dearborn and 36th streets.
Psychopathic— South Wood and Polk streets.
Pullman — 11217 Watt avenue.
Havenswood— 1917 Wilson avenue.
lobert Burns— 3807 Washington boulevard.
St. Anne's— 4900 Thomas street.
St. Anthony de Padua— West 19tb street and
Marshall boulevard.
3t. Bernard's Hotel Dieu— 6337 Harvard avenue.
St. Elizabeth's — North Claremont avenue and Le-
Alexian Brothers' — 1200 Belden avenue.
American— 2058 West Monroe street.
Auburn Park — 7845 Winneconna avenue.
Augustana— 2043 Cleveland aveuue.
Beulah— 2148 North Clark street.
Bohemian— 1333 South California avenue.
Chicago City Infant— 721 North LaSalle street.
Chicago Fresh Air — 2450 Howard street.
Chicago Lying-in — 5038 Vincennes avenue.
Chicago Maternity— 2314 North Clark street.
Chicago Policlinic— 221 West Chicago avenue.
Chicago Union — 830 Wellington avenue.
Children's— Wood street, near Polk.
Children's Memorial— 735 Fullerton avenue.
Columbia— 4607 Champlain avenue.
Columbus — 2540 Lake View avenue.
Columbus Extension — West Polk and Lytle-sts.
Cook County— West Harrison and Wood streets.
Detention— Wood and West Polk streets.
Durand, Annie W.— Wood and York streets.
Edward Sanitarium— Naperville. 111.
Emergency (city)— 1065 West Monroe street, 175
West Jackson boulevard (room 1015), 1260
West Madison street and 621 Orleans street.
Englewood— West 60th and South Green streets.
Evangelical Deaconesses' — 408 Wisconsin street.
Fort Dearborn— 3830 Rhodes avenue.
Frances E. Willard National Temperance — 710
South Lincoln street.
Garfield Park— 3815 Washington boulevard.
George Smith Memorial— See St. Luke's.
German-American— 741 Diversey boulevard.
German Evangelical Deaconess — 959 West 54th-pl.
German Hospital— 549-559 Grant place.
Hahnemann— 2814 Groveland avenue.
Henrotin Memorial — 939 North LaSalle street.
Hygeia — 2715 South Michigan avenue.
Illinois Central— 5744 Stony Island avenue.
Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary — 904
West Adnms street.
Iroquois Memorial Emergency — 23 N. Market-st.
Isolation— S. Lawndale-av. and W. 36th-st.
Jefferson Park— 1402 West Monroe street.
Lake Shore— 4147 Lake Park avenue.
Lakeside — 3410 Rhodes avenue.
Lake View— 4420 Clarendon avenue.
Littlpjohn— 1410 West Monroe street.
Maimonides — 1519 South California avenue.
Mary Thompson — West Adams and Paulina-sts
Maternity and Infant Hospital of Chicago— 1900
South Kedzie avenue.
Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases— South
Wood and Flournoy streets.
Mercy— Calumet avenue and 26th street.
Michael Reese — Groveland avenue and 29th street.
Mount Sinai — California avenue and 15th street.
Neal Institute— 811 East 49th street.
North Chicago— 2551 North Clark street.
Northwest Side — 1627 West North avenue.
Norwegian Lutheran— 1138 North Leavitt street.
Norwegian Lutheran Tabitha— 1044 N. Francisco.
Park Avenue— 1940 Park BVPIV.IC.
Passavant Memorial— 149 West Superior street.
People's — 22d street and Archer avenue.
Post-Graduate — Dearborn and 24th streets.
movne street.
3t. Joseph's — Garfield avenue and Burling street.
Luke's— 1433 Michigan avenue.
3t. Luke's Hospital Training School for Nurses—
1416 Indiana avenue.
St. Mary of Nazareth — North Leavitt and Thomas
streets.
Sarah Morris Hospital for Children — Groveland
avenue and East 29th street.
Sheridan Park — 628 Belmont avenue.
South Chicago— 2325 East 92d place.
South Park— 218 East 65th place.
Streeter— 2646 Calumet avenue.
Swedish Covenant — 2739 Foster avenue.
Tuberculosis — North Crawford and Bryn Mawt
avenues.
United States Marine — 4141 Clarendon avenue.
University— 432 South Lincoln street.
Washington Boulevard,— 2449 Washington-bvd.
Washington Park — 60th street and Vernon avenue.
Wesley— 2449 Dearborn street.
West Side— 1844 West Harrison street.
West Side Emergency— 1260 West Madison street.
DISPENSARIES.
Alexian Brothers' Hospital — Belden and Racine
avenues.
Bennett Free— 300 North Ada street.
Calumet Clinic— 2527 Calumet avenue.
Central Free— West Harrison and Wood streets.
Chicago Christian Industrial League— 884 South
State street.
Chicago College of Osteopathy— 1422 West Monroe
street.
Chicago Lying-in— Maxwell-st. and Newberry-av.
Chicago Policlinic— 219 West Chicago avenue.
Children's South Side Free— 705 West 47th street.
Hahnemann College Free— 2811 Cottage Grove.
Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear— 124 South
Peoria street.
Jewish Aid Society and Emanuel Mandel. West
Side, Free— 1012 Maxwell street.
Lincoln— 700 South Lincoln street.
Marcy Center— 1335 Newberry avenue.
Mnry Thompson— West Adams and Paulina streets.
Olivet — 1500 Cleveland avenue.
Post-Graduate—Dearborn and 24th streets.
Provident Free — 16 West 36th street.
Salvation Army Free— 673 South State street.
South Side — 2431 Dearborn street.
Volunteers of America Free— 1201 Washington
boulevard.
West Side Free — Congress and Honore streets
(College of Physicians and Surgeons).
STATE'S ATTORNEYS
1852-1856— Patrick Ballingall. Dem.
1856-1860— Daniel Mcllroy. Dem.
1860-1862— Carlos Haven, Rep.
1862-1864— Joseph Knox. Rep.
1864-1876— Charles H. Reed. Rep.
1876-1884— Luther Laflin Mills. Rep.
1884-1888— Julius S. Grinnell, Dem.
OF COOK COUNTY (1852-1920).
1888-1892— Joel M. Long-enecker. Rep.
1892-1896— Jacob J. Kern. Dem.
1896-1904— Charles S. Deneen, Rep.
1904-1908— John J. Healy. Rep.
1908-1912— John E. W. Wayman, Rep.
1912-1920— Maclay Hoyne, Dem.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
947
CHICAGO'S LAKE TRADE.
ARRIVALS AND CLEARANCES OF VESSELS.*
t Arrivals. x
/ Clearances. *
f Arrivals. ^ f — Clearances. — *
Tear. No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
Year. No. Tons. No. Tons.
1870.
.12.739
3.049,265
12.433
2.983,942
1914.. 6.118 9.781.986 6.132 9.794,928
1871.
.12,320
3,096.101
12.312
3.082.235
1915.. 6.767 10.132.476 5,808 10.307.777
1872.
.12,824
3,059.752
12.531
3.017,790
1916.. 6.772 11.379.968 5,774 11.369.599
1873.
.11.858
3.226.911
11.876
3.338.803
1917.. 5.078 10.835.925 5.130 10.948.048
1874.
.10.827
3,195,633
10.720
3.134.078
1918.. 4,166 10.356.289 4,191 10.437.499
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1 Q^O
.10.488
. 9.621
.10.233
.10.490
no r o
3.122,004
3.089.072
3,274,332
3,608.534
30017 nQ^
10.607
9.628
10.284
10.494
10 ni A.
3.157.051
3.078.264
3.311.083
3.631.139
o QTH Qnn
•Comprises Chicag-o. Michig-an City. Wauke-
g-an, Gary and Indiana Harbor.
RECEIPTS BY LAKE IN 1918.
Coal hard tons 441 740
lo/y.
i ftwn
,ooy
1 O O1 Q
,00 / ,uyo
4- fil fi QfiQ
*i.U J-'i
13 302
o.o / U.oUU
4 537 382
Coal soft tons .. .... 964,387
J.OOU.
1 CGI
. J. «>,.-, J. O
1 Q A/1Q
rt.o j-o,yoy
A ROQ F^^\ft
i 0*0^*7
4'*?9ft*ftftQ
Salt tons . 88 150
J.OO-L.
1 ftft2
. Jlo.U^rO
13 351
4,OOO,DOO
4 849 950
i — ,JfO /
13 626
,<£>£o,Doy
4 904 999
Iron ore, tons* 6.293,506
JLOO-6.
"1 QQO
n'o£*rr
3*0-1 of4«4
1 2*01 ^
3*00^*070
Iron manufactured tons 2,289
J.OOO.
JQQ A
.,yo /
1 1 Qf^A
,O J. /i.TrOTC
3*7FCft Q*7Q
J./i,U J.O
n4.TO
.you.o /o
3*7^1 r7Ofl
Lumber M 62 664
OO"X.
ope
. -LJ.,oD3:
i n ^7*14.
» /oo,y / o
3 653 936
,4: t &
10 798
t f OX, / yoO
3 652 286
Railroad ties pieces 37.200
ooO.
1 OCA
. -LU, /'±*t
111 f^TT
Q'QOA'QI Q
n'oi P;
8*ORf)''7AQ
Sug-ar tons 3176
J-OoD.
Joorr
. J.J.. J.D /
1 1 o-*^n
o,y/wO,o j-o
4QOQ OQ»7
.•JvXQ
i o no^
o.you, i\j<4
A AOI F; AH
Unclassified tons 1 514 471
ooT.
888.
. j--L,yovJ
.10.989
,o/wo,.wy &
4,393.768
J-/i,U>w«3
11.106
^,^41,OOU
4.496.898
•Exclusive of 3,848.546 tons received at
1889.
.10.804
6,102.790
10.984
6.155.041
Gary. Ind.. and 1,203,241 tons received at In-
1890.
.10.507
5.138.253
10.547
6.150.665
diana Harbor. Ind.
1891.
1892.
.10.224
.10.556
5,524.852
5.966.626
10.294
10.567
5.506.700
5.698.337
SHIPMENT BY LAKE IN 1918.
Flaur tons 57,654
1893.
1894.
. 8.754
. 8.259
5,456.637
5.181.260
8.789
8.329
5.449,470
5.211.160
Wheat bushels .. ..38706745
Corn bushels 3 036 525
1895.
1896.
. 9.212
. 8.663
6.329,702
6.481.152
9.363
8.773
6.392,497
6.591.203
Oats bushels 30.775.312
Rve bushels 1 398 700
1897.
. 9,156
7.209.442
9.201
7.185.324
Millstuffs tons 13,247
Jill:
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903
. 9.428
. 8.346
. 8.714
. 8.430
. 8.083
7 650
7.557.215
6.353.715
7.044.995
6.900.999
7.179.053
7 587 410
9.562
8.429
8.839
8.471
8.164
7 721
7.686.448
6.390.260
7.141.105
6,930. 883,,j
7.229. 342*
7 720 225
Wool sacks . 46 982
Merchandise, unclassified, tons 337,177
From Indiana Harbor. Ind.. there were
shipped 733.500 barrels of oil and 2.125.00O
barrels of gasoline.
1904!
. 6!631
614301088
6'.671
6!514l934
TONNAGE OF CHICAGO DISTRICT. 1918.
1905.
. 7.236
7.364.192
7.268
7.375.963
/ Arrivals. ^ , — Clearances. — N
1906.
. 7.017
7.969.621
7.055
7.665.709
Port. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
1907.
. 6.745
8.057,062
6.736
7.995.211
Chicago ...3,302 6,787.891 3.346 6,989.476
1908.
. 5.787
7.241.845
5.805
7.296.745
Mich. City. 20 5.261 21 5,566
1909.
. 6,390
8.772.667
6.390
8.785.841
Waukegan. 31 57.596 22 41,285
1910
6 523
9 430 074
6 551
9 470 572
Gary . . 490 2 164,261 483 2 133 035
1911.
. 6.252
8>87!686
6.284
8.859.007
Ind. Harbor 323 1,341,280 319 1,268,107
1 Q1 0
6 240
9 971 738
6 243
10 086 °09
ilii:
! 6i532
10>74;i33
6!506
I0i793;6o0
Total 4,166 10,356,289 4,191 10.437,499
CHICAGO RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS (1913-1918).
-[From board of trade reports.]
RECEIPTS.
Article.
Pork, brls
Other meats. Ibs.
Lard, Ibs
Butter. Ibs
Wool, Ibs
Hides. Ibs
Flaxseed. bu...
Grass seed. Ibs.
Salt, brls
Lumber. 1.000 ft
Flour, brls
Wheat, bu
Corn, bu
Oats, bu
Pork, brls
Other meats, Ibs.
Lard. Ibs
Butter. Ibs
Wool. Ibs
Hides. Ibs
Flaxseed. bu...
Grass seed. Ibs.
Salt, brls
Lumber. 1.000 ft
Flour, brls
Wheat, bu
Corn, bu
Oats, bu
1913. 1914. 1915.
2,989 18.571 15,401
112.942.000 236,531.000 172.990.000
58,399.000 64.384.000 106.780.000
311.557.000 344.879,000
70.182.000 80.327,000
124.357.000 115.734.000 150.262.000
1.148.000 1,292,000 1.225.000
74.191,000 73.071.000 74.435.000
2.144.113
2.215.696
9.709.000
99.290.000
286,220.000
44.636.000
106.662.060
2.801.000
56.807.009
2.204.594
2.804,430
10,268.000
50.372.000
127.773.000
124.405.000
1916. 1917.
4.875 7.223
228.229.000 334.693.000
120.915.000 108.460.000
359.195.000 323.100.000
118.390.000 77.594.000
152.603.000
1.222.000
80.147.000
1.509.083
3.354.117
9.678.000
31.751,000
70.854.000
1.814.920 1.561.212
2.379.729 3.017.240
9.063.000 9.353.000
70.704.000 74.944.000
106.600.000 95.357.000 102.376.000
138.400,000 133,475.000 161.244.000 125.910.000
SHIPMENTS.
144.014 176.821 222.049
614.048.000 650.510.000 870.314.000
273.725.000 302,500.000 325.641.000
295.784.000 333.993.000
102.781.000 107.710.000
274.542.000
100.031.000
165.565.000
138.000
61.014.000
714.254
954.159
6.190000
45.999.000
92.530.000
198.930 147.620
§04.791.000 875.646.000
66.813.000 262.849.000
347.550.000 315.384.000
130.964.000 112.563.000
173.946.000 189.976.000 246,924.000 233.368.000
31.000
60.405.000
808.112
1.019.066
7.443.000
85.468.000
65.259.000
33.000
54.203.000
813.034
1,133.417
7.674.000
55.576.000
73.667.000
98,377,000 122.756.000 122.469,000
27.000
63.946.000
1.052.479
3.393.022
8.332.000
61.187.000
61.78-2.000
116.875.000
42.000
59.079.000
941.056
1.518.866
8.383.000
24.047.000
36.006.000
101,078.000
1918.
6.931
271,321.000
125.762.000
277.661,000
89.352,000
156,030,000
481,000
55.777.000
1.432,234
2.329,071
8,914,000
69.610,000
100.409,000
137.072.000
102.187
948.922.000
334,602.000
229.745.000
87.872, OOO
194,146.000
8.000
40.790,000
545,158
1.064,199
6.436.000
49.984,000
39.877.000
86.738.000
948
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
CHICAGO CLUBS AND CLUBHOUSES.
Adventurers' Club— 26 North Dearborn street:
president. J. Blair Crawford; secretary. H,
E. Doty.
Advertising1 Association— President. Clinton P.
Lampman: secretary. George W. Rabineth.
Aero Club of Illinois— President. Charles Dick-
inson; secretary. Lee Hammond.
Alliance Francaise— President, Henry J. Patten;
corresponding: secretary. Miss Elizabeth J.
Mundie. 410 S. Michigan avenue.
American Unity (formerly The (je.-man Club
of Chicago), for Americans of German origin
— President. William Rothmann; secretary,
Charles W. Wurster. 40 N. Dearborn street.
Arche— President. Mrs. Will C. Thorbus; cor-
responding secretary. Mrs. Ralph Sollitt.
Austin Woman's— President. Mrs. A. H. Clem-
ent: corresponding1 secretary, Mrs. O. W.
Barrett.
Bankers— President. Melvin A. Traylor; sec-
retary and treasurer. Thomas C. Stibbs.
British American— Fraternity halls. 19 West
Adams street; president. G. W. Gibson; sec-
retary. J. W. Hollingworth. 2324 North
Clark street.
Builders — 115 Chamber of Cpmmerce building:
president, Charles H. Alsip; treasurer. Jo-
seph E. Lindquist; secretary, Thomas J.
Maney.
Calumet Country— 95th street and Cottage
Grove avenue; president. Frederick L. Fake;
secretary. Frank E. Bell; treasurer, R.
O'Hara.
Canadian Club— 104 West Monroe street; Wil-
liam Robertson, president; D. H. Grant, sec-
retary.
Casino — 167 East Delaware place; president.
Mrs. J. G. Coleman; secretary. Eames Mac-
Veasrh.
Caxton — Chicago Art institute: president. C. L.
Ricketts: secretary. Frederic F. Norcross.
Chicago Architectural — 59 East Van Buren
street: president. A. S. Morphett: secretary.
F. J. Fox: treasurer. S. A. Rognstad.
Chicago Athletic Association— 12 South Michi-
gan boulevard; president. William B. Simp-
«on; secretary, Edward E. Swadener.
Chicago Automobile — 321 Plymouth court; pres-
ident. Joseph E. Callender; secretary. Darwin
S. Hatch.
Chicago Club-p-Michig-an avenue and Van Buren
street: president. Watson F. Blair; secretary-
treasurer. Oren E. Taft.
Chicago College — 155 North Michigan avenue:
president. Miss Sarah B. Tunnicliff: corre-
sponding secretary. Mrs. Charles M. Sloan.
Chicago Culture — President. Mrs. E. B. Hamil-
ton: corresponding secretary. Mrs. G. B.
Grim.
Chicago Gun— President, W. A. Davis; secre-
tary-treasurer. James H. May.
Chicago Lincoln Club — 108 Germania place:
president, Leopold Grand.
Chicago Motor Club— 2838 South Michigan ave-
nue; president, Charles M. Hayes; secretary.
David Rosenbach.
Chicago Polo — President. Jarvis Hunt: secretary
and treasurer. E. J. Prendergast.
Chicago Woman's — 410 South Michigan avenue;
president. Mrs. W. H. Winslow; corresponding1
secretary. Mrs. Harvey Fox.
Chicago Woman's Aid — 4622 Grand boulevard;
president, Mrs. Edward Gudeman; correspond-
ing secretary. Mrs. Edward Strausky; civic
secretary. Miss S. Feder. 4622 Grand boule-
vard.
Chicago Yacht — Foot of Monroe street: outer
harbor: commodore. Fred A. Price: secretary.
Francis R. Roberts; treasurer, Arthur M.
Belts.
City Club— 315 Plymouth court: president.
Prof. George H. Mead: secretary. Charles
Yeomans: treasurer. Roy C. Osgood; civic
secretary. Dwight L. Akers.
Cliff DweQlers, The— 220 South Michigan ave-
nue; president. William O. Goodman; secre'
tary. Charles W. Collins.
Colonial Club of Chicago — 4446 Grand boule-
vard; president. Orlando Adams; secretary.
Maurice R. Amadoe.
Columbia Yacht— Lake front, foot of Randolph
street; commodore, H. D. Moreland; secre-
tary. F. D. Porter.
Commercial — President, Edwin A Bancroft-
vice-president. Frank O. Wetmore; secretary-
treasurer, Robert J. Thome.
Cordon— President. Miss Nellie V. Walker- cor-
responding secretary. Miss Ethel L. Coe.
Douglas Park Woman's— President. Mrs Elene
Payne; corresponding secretary. Mrs. Frances
A. Wallace.
Drama League of Chicagro— President. Mrs Per-
cy H. Boynton; secietary. Mrs. Joseph R.
Hawley.
Edgewater Country— 5658 Winthrop avenue:
president. H. F. Hill; secretary. H. W. Fox.
Electric Club— President, H. A. Porter- secre-
tary. H. V. Coffy; 1900. 208 South LaSalle
street.
Elks— 174 West Washington street; secretary.
Gustav W Nothdurit
Englewood— 6323 Harvard avenue: president.
Dr. W. T. Bohart; secretary. A. A. Dailey.
Englewood Woman's Club — 6732 Wentworth
avenue: president. Miss Marie J. Hesse; re-
cording secretary. Mrs. E. R. Haynes.
Evanston Country Club— 1501 Oak avenue
Evanston; president. Frederick Earle French;
secretary. Walter T. Stockton.
Forty Club— President. Wilbur D. Nesbit; secre-
tary. Chartes H. Burras.
Hamilton— 18 South Dearborn street: president.
A. N. Marquis; secretary. Walter F. Olds.
Illinois Athletic— 112 South Michigan avenue-
president. J. Albert Roesch. Jr.; secretary.
Edward C. Ryan.
Industrial— President. Silas H. Strawn; secre-
tary. Charles K. Foster.
Irish Fellowship— President. Joseph A. O'Don-
nell; secretary. John K. Murphy
Iroquois— 26 North Dearborn street: president.
Carl R. Latham; secretary. George L. Raker;
treasurer, Oscar G. Foreman.
Kenwood— Lake Park avenue and 47th street:
president. Charles R. Holden; secretary. Her-
bert E. Kerber.
Lincoln Park Navy— 160 West Jackson boule-
vard. room 109: secretary. E. J. Schaack.
Lincoln Park Yacht — Commodore, A. Sheldon
Olark; secretary. Byron Willis.
Matheon— President. Mrs. Lucretia K. Sampson;
corresponding secretary. Miss Elsa Melchert.
Mathesis— President. Mrs. Cyrus H. Martin:
corresponding secretary. Mrs. William Lyle
Laird, 6029 Michigan boulevard
Mid-Day—First National Bank building. 17th
floor; president. Bertram M. Winston: secre-
tary. Charles A. Munroe.
Prairie Club — President. John R. Bentley; sec-
retary. J. E. Bayrd.
Press Club— Ashland block: president, Wright
A. Patterson: secretary. Walton Perkins.
Quadrangle— University avenue and 58th street:
president. Robert A. Millikan; secretary. A.
Coleman.
Rotary— Hotel Sherman, parlor G: president.
William E. Kier: secretary. Dr. Will R. Neff.
Ruth— 6001 Indiana avenue: president. Mrs.
Joseph Meyer; recording secretary. Mrs. Eu-
gene Flesch.
Saddle and Cycle— Sheridan road and Foster
avenue: president. B. M. Winston: secretary,
A. Wilder Brown.
Service— President. Mrs Philip Swift; treas-
urer. Miss C. B. Neely.
Shore Acres — President. Charles E. Severn; sec-
retary. Lamon F. Kaim.
Social Service Club— President. Miss Amelia
Sears: secretary, Albert E. Webster.
South End Woman's— President. Mrs. William
ADVERTISEMENTS. 949
COMMERCIAL PAPER INVESTMENT SECURITIES
A. G. BECKER & CO.
137 South LaSalle Street
CHICAGO
NEW YORK ST. LOUIS SAN FRANCISCO
GEO. H. BURR & CO.
COMMERCIAL PAPER INVESTMENT SECURITIES
209 S. LA SALLE ST., CHICAGO
NEW YORK BOSTON ST. LOUIS PHILADELPHIA
HARTFORD SEATTLE SAN FRANCISCO
LOS ANGELES CLEVELAND DETROIT PORTLAND
DES PLABMES STATE BANK
OFFICERS
PETER M. HOFFMAN, Pres. B. F. KINDER, V.-Pres. B. LAGERHAUSEN, V.-Pres.
WM. F. GRAUPNER, Cashier M. A. BEHRENS, Assistant Cashier
Report of the condition before the commencement of business on
the 1st day of November, 1919:
Capital Stock $50,000.00 Deposits $690,000.00
Surplus Fund Earned . 35,000.00 Total Resources. ... 795,000.00
Total Liabilities $795,000.00
950
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Brady; recording- secretary. Mrs. Frank Clute, ,
8918 Exchange avenue.
South Shore Country — Lake shore and 70th
street: president, John G. Campbell; secre-
tary, Wilbur F. McWhinney.
Standard — Michigan avenue and 24th street;
president, Jacob Ringer; secretary. Daniel W.
Fishell.
Swedish Club of Chicayo-7-1258 North LaSalle
street; president, Alex j. 'Johnson; secretary,
C. G. Axell.
Three Arts— Dearborn and Goethe streets; pres-
ident, Mrs. Charles E. Kohl; secretary, Mrs.
George A. Ranney.
Three Score and Ten — President, William Mc-
Kinley; secretary, Charles F. Lorenzen.
TowrL and Country— 2841 Washington boule-
vard; president, William B. Nordhem; secre-
tary, Walter J. Newman; treasurer, William
R. Hauer.
Traffic— President, Carl Howe; secretary, C. B.
Signer.
Tuesday Art and Travel— President, Mrs. Wil-
liam Molt; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Joel
H. Norton.
Union League— Jackson boulevard and Federal
street; president, C. W. Folds; secretary,
C. M. Trowbridge.
Union Printers— 164 West Washington street;
president, John L. Howard; secretary, Her-
man L. Heidke.
University — Michigan avenue and Monroe
street; president, William B. Mcllvaine; sec-
retary, James H. Winston.
Western Society of Engineers— 1735 Monadnock
block; president, A. Siewart Baldwin; secre-
tary, Edgar S. Nethercut.
West End Woman's— 35 South Ashland boule-
vard; president, Mrs. Charles H. Moody; cor-
responding secretary, Mrs. Leonard E. Lange.
Woman's Athletic— 606 South Michigan ave-
nue; president, Mrs. A. B. MacCaughey; cor-
responding secretary, Mrs. Edward B. Butler.
Women's City — President, Mrs. Joseph T. Bow-
en; secretary, Mrs. James L. Hough teling;
civic director, Mrs. Edith Rockwood.
Women's Fellowship — President. Mrs. M. Frank
Ryan; recording secretary. Miss Teresa M.
Keenan. 6318 Greenwood avenue; corre-
sponding secretary. Mrs. Abby L. Williams.
Woman's New Century— Corresponding secre-
tary, Mrs. M. J. L. Strong-.
Woodlawn Park— 64th street and Woodlawn
avenue; president, Willis R. Hunt; secretary ^
Philip L. Gibson.
Woodlawn Woman's — President, Mrs. Walter E.
Probasco; corresponding secretary; Mrs. Carl-
ton B. Marsh, 6043 Kimbark avenue.
Young Fortnightly— Fine Arts building (Fort-
nightly rooms) — President, Mrs. John W.
Gary; corresponding secretary, Miss Ethel
Hanly.
DIRIGIBLE BALLOON DISASTER IN CHICAGO.
Thirteen persons lost their lives and more
than a score of others were injured when the
dirigible balloon Winer Foot Express burst
into flames, fell and crashed through the sky-
light of the Illinois Trust and Savings bank,
Chicago, a little before 5 o'clock on the after-
noon of July 21. 1919. Ten of the dead were
employes of the bank who were at work in
the institution when the accident occurred,
two were passengers and one a mechanic in
the airship. The bank employes were burned
or crushed to death as the two heavy gaso-
line tanks and two rotary engines fell upon
or near them, scattering flames in every di-
rection. One passenerer had both legs broken
when descending with a parachute, and died
from his injuries the day after the accident.
The other passenger and mechanic died in the
crash on the bank roof, having been unable
to use their parachutes in getting away from
the burning balloon. Nine of the bank em-
ployes were killed almost instantly, while an-
other died two days later. The names of the
victims were:
Helen P. Berger. stenographer.
Marcus C. Callopy, teller.
Jacob E. Carpenter, messenger.
Earl H. Davenport, publicity man.
Marie Florence, clerk.
Mary Gallagher, stenographer.
Irene Miles, stenographer.
Evelyn L. Meyer, stenographer.
Edwin A. Munzer, clerk.
Milton G. Norton, photographer.
Carl Otto, telegrapher.
Joseph Scanlon. bank messenger.
Carl Weaver, mechanic.
John Boettner, pilot of the dirigible, alighted
with his parachute on a roof and escaped with
slight injuries. Harry Wacker, chief mechanic
of the craft, had his back broken in descend-
ing with his parachute.
The dirigible was built at Akron. O., by the
Goodyear Tire and Rubber company of that
city, and was designed to carry passengers on
short pleasure trips from and to the White
City, an amusement resort in Chicago. On the
day of the disaster it made its first trip, fly-
ing Irom the White City hangar to Grant park,
where it alighted. At 2:30 it made another
short trip up the north shore and returning to
Grant park landed again. At 4:05 it started
up again with five men in the car— a pilot,
two mechanics and two passengers. One of
the passengers was Milton G. Norton, photog--
rapher for the Herald and Examiner, and the
other Earl H. Davenport, publicity agent lor
the White City. It had been cruising- about
forty-five minutes over the downtown section
when the accident occurred and its evolutioni
had been watched by thousands, to whom tho
sight of a dirigible was a novelty. Many of
the spectators saw the balloon catch fire at a
height of 1,200 feet and saw the occupants
jump, relying upon the parachutes with which
they were supplied to escape from death. It
was one of the most thrilling accidents in the
history of the city as well as one of the moat
peculiar.
The length of the "blimp" was 158 feet,
diameter of gas bag, 34 feet: length of gondola
and motor. 50 feet; motor equipment, two
tractor 80 horsepower La Rhone motors: gas
capacity. 100,000 cubic feet: gasoline capacity,
200 gallons: value, S100.000.
STREET RAILWAY EARNINGS.
Gross Earnings.*
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
Not
panies
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
20,419.647.93
22,832.882.64
25,155,629.89
28,743,167.24
30,299,172.55
3— The total capi
Feb. 1. 1919. w
City's Share (
SI. 564, 618.47
.1 386 877 96
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
talizat
as S15
55 Per
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
32,001.278.51
31,695.637.67
34,796,684.60
35,114,896.38
34,710.157.84
ion of all com-
7,164,907.89.
Cent) .t
S3. 002,453.16
2,558.383.63
1,665,710.34
2,746.988.99
2,036.753.98
383,215.49
1,276,252.65
1,705.550.30
1,870.908.00
2,529,992.26
*Year ended Feb. 1. tOf net receipts.
ADVERTISEMENTS. 951
EDWARD P. RUSSELL WALTER S. BREWSTER C. L. PENISTON
RUSSELL, BREWSTER & CO.
Successors to Edward L. Brewster & Co.
116 wcmcAAGAoMS ST STOCKS AND BONDS
NEW YORK OFFICE Member of New York Stock Exchange
111 BROADWAY Member of Chicago Stock Exchange
We shall be glad to furnish circulars and information
regarding attractive tax exempt and other securities.
CLEMENT, CURTIS & CO.
Stocks, Bonds, Grain, Cotton
Members of All Exchanges. Private Wires to Principal Cities.
211 S. LA SALLE ST., ROOKERY BLDG., CHICAGO
TELEPHONE: WABASH 600.
ALFRED L. BAKER & CO.
STOCKS— BONDS— GRAIN
MEMBERS
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE CHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE
CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE
141 S. LA SALLE STREET
EXPORTERS IMPORTERS
J. Rosenbaum Grain Company
Commission Merchants
MILLING WHEAT A SPECIALTY
CHICAGO
952
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
CHICAGO'S DEATH ROLL.
Dec. 1. 1918. to Dec. 1. 1919.
Adams Mrs. Cora K. (1849). March 20
Adfe? Adolph (1848). business man. July 13.
Aiipn E A (1849). lumberman. Jan. 10.
Andean. Augustine H. W.. clergyman, Jan.
Anderson. William G. (1866). manufacturing
V Julius P.. adverti.ii* man. in Evar*-
Band Howard' C. (1861). engraver. June 16.
ay311856). manutacturer. Oct. 11
BarUett man W. 1877. on a tram near
(1850) .
":
Sep..
A..
al and
,' former city offi-
ieader, Marcn 10.
Br^dfey^J. Harley (1844), manufacturer
C (1868). engineer. March 23.
Mis. ™"^'<>a w in London. England
Brown Mis. Catherine S. .
Elias P superintendent. Oct. 18
Detroit. Mich.. May 9.
C»Ma«eU.8Henry C. (1840). fraternity official.
dealer.
Carter James M. G.. physician educator and
author, in Los Angeles. Cal.. March 3.
Case. Mrs. Frances M. (1835). Sept. 2.
Champion, Mrs. Marietta B. (1848). June 4.
Chapman, Mrs. Helen Farwell (1858). May 4.
Chatfleld. Eli P. (1846), retired business man,
at St. Petersburg. Fla.. Feb. 20.
Christy. Robert C. (1848). merchant. Sept. 29.
Church. Elizabeth (1844), in Traverse City.
__!_!_, July 3,
Chytraus. Axel (1859). former judge. Oct. 5.
Clark. Melville, manufacturer, Nov. 6. 1918.
Clettenberg. Bernard F. (1862). member ol
state assembly. May 28.
Commons. Robert (1844), civil war veteran.
Conlon. A. A. (1862). physician. Feb. 19.
Conway. Edwin S. (1850). piano firm official.
Nov. 4.
Cook. Samuel E. (1864). Pullman company
official. Sept. 13.
Cooke. John A. (1858), former clerk of Circuit
court, in Rochester. Minn., March 14.
Cooper, James, manufacturer, in Los Angelet.
Cal.. April 3.
Corbett, John J. (1863). contractor and build-
er. June 27.
Cowan. Susie L. (1865). teacher. Jan. 6.
Craig. Robert (1840), manufacturer. Aug. 19.
Crandon. Frank P. (1835), tax expert, in
Evanston. July 4.
Crane, Albert M.. steel merchant. Feb. 9.
Crane. Charles W., clergyman, Oct. 11.
Crawford. William (1835). clergyman, May 25.
Cudahy. Mrs. Michael (1842). Aug. 30.
Cuneo. Mrs. Candida (1858). June 6.
Curtis. Henry M. (1841), insurance official.
April 6.
Daube. M. Jacob (1859). merchant. March 9.
Davis. Willicm ("Will") J. (1844), theater
manager. May 16.
Davison. Mrs. Martha M. (1830). April 17.
Deimling. Adolph (1866). editor, July 5.
Dickerson, John T. (1879). engineer, April 14.
Dickinson. Charles M. (1838). retired mer-
chant, at Robertsdale. Ala.. April 3.
Dickman, Robert Neil, mining engineer, in La
Jolla. Cal., Sept. 14.
Dolan. Harry P. (1875). judge. July 26.
Doniat. Franz G. (1841) , lithographer. April 28.
Donohue. John W. (1866), printer. Oct. 17.
Dorr. Hervey House (1858). president Mer-
chants' Credit Guide company. Sept. 12.
Dowst. Charles Oliver, publisher, in Evanston,
May 22.
Duncan, Thomas (1832). newspaper man,
Durand. ' Elliot, editor, civil war veteran, Oct.
12
Dutton, William M. (1881). auditor, in Hous-
ton. Tex.. April 27.
Elliott. F. M. (1853). hospital president, in
Evanston, Sept. 17.
Emery. William R. (1859), advertising agent,
Euban°ks. Mary E. (1849). Sept. 15. .
Evans. Raymond W.. sales manager, in New
York. N. Y., Jan 16.
Farwell. Granger (1857). banker. May 16. .
Fi+ch, Walter M. (1862). physician, at Twin
Lakes. Wis.. Sept. 11.
Fletcher. Horace (1849), physician, in Copen-
hagen, Denmark. Jrn. 13.
Flinn Charles B. (1847), lumberman. Jan. 24.
Foster. George Burman (1858). theologian,
Dec 2° 1918
'. Mortimer (1874). physician, Anril 22.
.
Friestedt. Luther P. (1861). former alderman.
in Los Angeles. Cal.. Ffb. 5.
Freund. Gustav (1852). merchant and banker,
.. Sr.(1838), pioneer. Sept. 21.
ADVERTISEMENT.
953
Send Out
Letters!
Your prospective customers are
not mind readers. . You must tell
them what you want to sell, v;hy
it is good, why it is of advantage
to them — invite them to buy!
You can't see all your logical
prospects in person! There are
too many of them and your time
is limited.
But you can talk to them all —
as often as you have a mind!
You can drive home your prop-
osition and arouse their interest
— then sit at your desk and take
checks out of the morning mail.
You can send them letters.
Good letters.
Four-page illustrated letters, part
of the complete campaigns we
prepare.
Four-page illustrated letters that
compel the mail clerk to send the
interesting detail to the executive
along with the personal message.
You can cash in on letters in
many ways — speed up different
channels of your business.
Whether you're near the Atlantic
or the Pacific, the Gulf or the
Canadian border — or anywhere in
between — we're prepared to give
a personal interview.
BUCKLEY
DEMENT
& CO.
"First in Direct Mail
Advertising"
634 Sherman Street
CHICAGO
954
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Fuller. Charles H. (1843). head of advertising:
agency. Julj 21.
Ganey. Harry J.. attorney, Aug. 17.
Gardner. John J. (1882). court official. Sept. 30.
Garland. D. F. (1846). merchant. Nov. 13.
Gary. Alfred C.. stock broker, in Wheaton.
May 20.
Getty. Henry P.. capitalist, in Paris. France.
March 31.
Gilchrist. Joseph C. (1851), vessel owner, in
Painesville. O.. May 22.
Glade. John H. (1858). retired business man.
April 6.
Glover. Mrs. Lyman T., Feb. 8.
Goebel. Susan E. (1842). Feb. 22.
Goldman. Mrs. Meta E.. Oct. 4.
Goodwin, William R. (1863), editor, near
Naperville. 111.. April 5.
Graff, Samuel T. (1868). member board of
trade. April 12.
Graves, Albert H. (1863). lawyer, in Evans-
ton. Sept. 17.
Greene. Harry I. (1868). author, Sept. 23.
Greenebaum, Elias (1822). banker. July 25.
Groendyke. James C. (1866), manufacturer,
Jan. 16.
Gross. Jacob (1840). former state treasurer.
Dec. 28. 1918.
Guerin, Henry (1871), judge, near Muskegon,
Mich.. Sept. 11.
Hair. Benjamin N. (1848). manufacturer, in
Evanston. Sept. 18.
Haiselden. Harry J. (1870), physician, in
Havana, Cuba, June 18.
Hall. Frederick H.. editor. March 25.
Halsey, John J. (1848), educator, in Winnetka.
May 29.
Harbert. Charles H. (1863). banker. June 13.
Harbert. William S. (1842). lawyer, in Pasa-
dena. Cal.. March 24.
Hardinge. Mrs. Agnes M. (1848), teacher.
Sept. 3.
Harris, Mrs. Emma Gale (1848). June 1.
Hart. James A. (1855), former baseball club
owner. July 18.
Hartman. Wilbur F. (1892), attorney, in Pitts-
burgh. Pa.. Oct. 9.
Haskell, George E. (1865). president creamery
company, in Evanston. Sept. 14.
Haydon. Harry E. (1842), lawyer, poet and
pioneer, Oct. 18.
Hayes, John C.' (1860), labor contractor. Aug.
17.
Heath, William D. (1837). express messenger.
May 16.
Heinrich. Julia, singer, in Hammond. La.. Sept.
18.
Hey. Jacob A., former alderman, Feb. 19.
Heyman, Alexander H. (1875), attorney. June
12.
Heyman. Samuel, merchant, in Glencoe. May 24.
Hickey, David R., alderman, Dec. 8. 1918.
Higinbotham, Harlow N. (1838), retired mer-
cfaant, in New York. N. Y.. April 18.
Hilton, Joseph M. (1844). insurance adjuster.
in TiJvanston. Feb. 8.
Hinman. Mrs. Margaret F. (1839), reform
leader. Feb. 20.
Hirsch. Jonas (1850). translator and scholar,
March 2.
Hodges, George, railroad official, in Washing-
ton, D. C., March 14.
Hoerr, Charles E.. banker, in Rochester. Minn..
Feb. 12.
Hogan, James A. (1852), business man. Feb. 8
Holbrook, Mrs. Alice Poole (1855), in Evans-
ton, Feb. 5.
Hooper. Henry (1848). physician. Sept. 17.
Hoppin, Mrs. Henrietta P. (1830). clubwoman
May 29.
Horn, Jacob M. (1855), furniture dealer.
March 30.
Hough, William B. (1878). engineer, in De-
troit, Mich.. May 29.
Hubbard. Joseph D. (1859). mining operator.
in Lake Forest. July 29.
Huehl. Harris W. (1862). architect. May 2.
Jacoby. Ernest (1855). manufacturer, Aug. 23.
Jaeger. Paul Anton, athletic director. Mar. 30.
Jenkins. Clifford H. (1881). business man.
Jan. 9.
Jewett. Mrs. John N., June 2.
Jenifer. John T.. clergyman, March 5.
Jones. Daniel J. (1832). clergyman, in Evans-
ton. May 20.
Johnston. John (1839). Masonic leader. April
16.
Josenhans. Reinhardt C. J. (1857), pharma-
cist. Sept. 17.
Judah. Noble B. (1851). lawyer. Dec. 10. 1918.
Kaplan. Nathan J. (1888), attorney. Feb. 27.
Kaufman. Nathan M. (1862), banker and hotel
proprietor, at Coronado. Cal.. Nov. 25. 1918.
Keeley. E. S. (1859). railroad official, in Sum-
mit. N. J.. Aug. 1.
Keith, William Scott (1844). lumberman, in
Waukegan, Feb. 14.
Keller. Murray (1856). business man, in New
York. N. Y.. March 17.
Kellogg. Josiah M. (1836), colonel, U. S. A..
retired, June 20.
Kirby. Samuel B., aviator, in Marietta. O..
Aug. 17.
Kirkland. Mrs. Theodosia B. W. (1836). in
Kenilworth, Oct. 12.
Kirkman. Charles H. (1841). manufacturer.
Feb. 25.
Klein, Solomon (1858), merchant. Sept. 17.
Kling, Henry F. (1857), educator, Aug. 12.
Kohlsaat, Ernest W. (1842). retired restaurant
owner, March 13.
Koraleski, Frank W. (1875). former assessor
Oct. 2.
Krost. Robert A., pediatrician. Oct. 4.
Kunze. Otto, veteran of civil war. Dec. 26.
1918.
Lake. Richard C. (1846). banker, in Evanston,
July 10.
LaMarche. Frank C. (1862). shipbuilder.
June 16.
Lampert. Henry J. (1854), manager. June 14.
Lane. Charles E. (1839). banker, in Lombard.
111.. Feb. 12.
Le Bosky. Jacob C. (1879). attorney, in Los
Angeles. Cal.. Jan. 26.
Lee, Mrs. Julia S. (1833). at Wabningo.
Mich., Sept. 4.
Lehmann, Mrs. Augusta (1854). Nov. 16. 1918.
Lewis. Joshua H., lawyer. May 5.
Lewis. Lyman (1844), former Chicago police
official, in Arkansas City. Kas., Nov. 10.
Libberton, Mrs. J. H., singer. March 15.
Lichtenberg. Charles W. (1847). dentist.
March 8.
Locke. Mrs. Adele (1839). March 29.
Lord. Charles E. (1875). attorney. Sept. 25.
Lovewell. Charles H. (1848). physician, Feb. 8.
Lowe, Charles S. (1846). business man. in
Ionia, Mich.. Sept. 30.
Lowrie. Adam H. (1837). publisher, in Elgin.
111.. April 3.
Lyndon, Mrs. George W., sociologist, Oct. 18.
Lyons. John A. (1853). physician. Feb. 18.
MacDonald. P. S. (1838). physician. Jan. 20.
MacMartin. Duncan R. (1865). physician,
April 30.
Magee. Guy (1843), journalist, June 5.
Magie. Frank O. (1864), merchant. Oct. 16.
Mahan, Harvey W. (1854), banker. May 25.
Mahin. John (1833), editor. July 24.
Mahoney, John A. (1862), judge. Aug. 21.
Mallon, James, detective. Aug. 13.
Manierre, Edward, business man. at Flint,
Mich.. Aug. 12.
Mansfeldt. Olaf C. (1867). merchant, Jan. 19.
Marriott. Mrs. Eliza A. (1853). April 24.
ADVERTISEMENT
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956
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Marshall. F. D. (1841), physician. July 6.
Martin. Samuel K.. Jr. (1879). broker, June 11.
Mason. Hugh (1839), coal merchant. Oct. 27.
Matz. Otto H. (1830). architect. M^rch 8.
Maypole. William T. (1850), former alderman.
May 13.
McAdams. Andrew (1849). florist. Augr. 27.
McCormick. Aloysius J. (1877), priest and edu-
cator. Feb. 4.
McCormick. Robert S. (1849). diplomat, in
Hinsdale. April 16.
McGowan, John M., printer. June 14.
McLean. Charles F. (1873), attorney. Sept. 2.
McNeill. John (1839). merchant, in Elgin. 111..
April 19.
McParlan. James, detective. TO. Denver. Col..
May 18.
McPherson. Simon J. (1850). clergyman. In
Lawrenceville, N. J., Jan. 9.
McWade, Ada Somers. singer, in New York,
N. Y.. March 19.
Medbury. David W.. former Chicago lawyer,
in Washington. D. C.. Oct. 16.
Mee. David D. (1861). xindertaker, June 14.
Menge. Frederick A. (1840). civil war veteran,
Sept. 1.
Meyers. Adolph. vaudeville manager. March 14.
Millard. George M. (1848). authority on rare
books, in South Pasadena. Cal.. Nov. 6. 1918.
Miller. Newman (1871). publisher. Jan. 8.
Mitchell. James P., transportation official.
June 28.
Mix. Ira J. (1857). dairyman. Jan. 23.
Monroe. George G. (1852). physician. Jan. 8.
Moody. Mary S. (1828), Oct. 27.
Moore. Charles N.. postoffice inspector. Feb. 23.
Moore. D. Herbert, writer, Feb. 18.
Morse. Virgil (1823). pioneer. July 6.
Moser, George W.. paper merchant, Feb. 26.
Moses. Joseph W. (1869). lawyer, in Atlantic
City. N. J.. Dec. 31. 1978.
Munger. George M.. founder of Munger's laun-
dry, at Los Angeles. Cal.. Oct. 31.
Murdock, Miss Ernie E. (1862). organist. Dec.
29. 1918.
Murphy. John (1821), pioneer, in River For-
est. Feb. 14.
Murphy. John H., hotel man. July 9.
Murphy. William P.. artist. April 20.
Newbold. Andrew (1842), proofreader. April 9.
Nicholas. George R. J., major, U. S. A., in
Lake Forest. Oct. 10.
Nordhem. Jetlee B. (1841). publisher. June 3.
Noyes. La Verne W. (1849). manufacturer and
philanthropist, July 24.
Oakley. William C. (1846). bank examiner.
July 25.
O'Brien. James P.. member of legislature.
April 12.
O'Hare. Mrs. Mary Hoopa (1848). June 10.
O'Leary. David P. (1851). priest. Jan. 12.
Onahan. William J. (1836). former city clerk,
city collector and city comptroller, Jan. 12.
Osborne, James W. (1858). rttorney. Sept. 7.
O'Shaughnessy. John S. (1864). railroad con-
tractor. Aug. 10.
Otis. George W. (1896). soldier, in Savenay,
France. Feb. 18.
Ottenheimer. H. L. (1868), architect. May 13.
Owen. William R. (1847). pioneer lake cap-
tain, in Oak Park. Dec. 26. 1918.
Owens. Mrs. Althea S.. March 28.
Paige. Mrs. Lora A. W. (1840). mission work-
er, in Wheaton. May 6.
Paine. Stephen M. (1874). business man. in
Pasadena. Cal.. F**. 26.
Paschen, Frank (1880), contractor, Nov. 12.
Paulsen. William A., former banker. April 30,
Payne. M^s. John Barton. July 31.
Payn°. William Morton (1858). author and
literary critic. July 11.
Payne. William T. (1861). lawyer. May 9.
Peache, Alfred (1876). clergyman. Aug. 9.
Pearce. W. W. (1858). former mayor, in Wau-
kegan. Oct. 16.
Peltzer. Otto (1836). public official, in Oak
Park, Jan. 17.
Perrigo. Charles H.. undertaker. May 8.
Peterson, Isaac, publisher, in Los Angeles. Cal.,
Jan. 7.
Peterson. James A. (1863). lawyer. Oct. 1.
Peterson. Lieut. Oscar W., fireman, Jan. 12.
Pixley. Charles H. (1844). optometrist. June 1.
Plewes. Marion (1870). Aug. 17.
Pratt, Carl P. (1876), newspaper man. Dec.
24. 1918.
Preston. Deming H. (1845). banker, in Hins-
dale. July 16.
Pringle, Robert (1866). board of trade op-
erator, at Altadena. Cal.. Feb. 11.
Pritchard. Richard (1845). builder. June 3.
Prussing. John (1856). importer and manu-
facturer, June 18.
Purcell. E. H., song writer. Sept. 22.
Putnam, Mrs. Alice (1841), educator. Jan. 19.
Rainier, Frank E. (1853). engineer, June 30.
Regan. James L. (1850), printer. Jan. 24.
Richards, Charles W. (1865). manufacturer.
Aug. 30.
Richardson, George P. (1850). silk manufac-
turer, in New York. N. Y.. Feb. 13.
Richardson. Albert M. (1842). physician.
March 24.
Richardson, John A. (1874). musician. Jan. 4.
Riley. W. (1848), railroad official. Jan. 10.
Robinson. M. E. (1862). coal dealer, Oct. 22.
Holer, Mrs. Doletta Jrne (1847), Sept. 5.
Rosenbaum. Joseph (1837). grain merchant,
in Pasadena. Cal.. May 22.
Royce. James L. (1860). auditor, in 'New
York. N. Y.. March 9.
Rubinkam. Ncthcniel I. (1856). clergyman and
lecturer. Sept. 29.
Sabath. Mrs. Barbara (1836), Sept. 10.
Santry, Eddie (1876). boxer, Jan. 28.
Sapp, Gordon G. (1875). publisher. June 21.
Sargent, Frederick (1859). engineer, in Glen-
coe. July 26.
Sauerman, Henry B., engineer. May. 20.
Sauter. George L. (1852). cashier. July 22.
Schaefer. Herman W. (1882). baseball player,
at Saranac Lake. N. Y.. May 16.
Schrader. William H. (1858). physician. June
23.
Schirmer. Rudolph E.. music publisher, in
Santa Barbara. Cal.. Aug. 18.
Schroeder. Bertha B. (1876). physician. Junel.
Schwab. Charles S. (1836). manufacturer. Jan.
Schwartz. Frederick (1843). pioneer. Sept. 80.
Scott. George W.. consulting engineer, in Bat-
tle Creek. Mich.. Feb. 28.
Scully. Thomas F. (1870). judge. Sept. 11,
Semple, William F.. physician. Oct. 12.
Shepard. Jason H. (1838), contractor, in
Evanston. Oct. 6.
Sheridan. James (1851). pioneer. July 10.
Shorney. George H.. publisher. March 23.
Sinai, Boris J. (1860). insurance agent, March
21.
Sisson. Everett, editor, in Oakland. Cal.. Oct. 1.
Slifer. Lieut. -Col. Hiram J.. railroad official, in
France. Feb. 3.
Simonsen. Mrs. Jenny L. (1860). in Evawt-
ton. May 29.
Slocum. Mrs. Sarah M. (1836). Sept. 6.
Smith. Mrs. Alice Bradford G. (1856). club
worker. April 17.
Smith. Frederick A. (1844). judge. July 31.
Smith. Frederick B, (1839). retired business
man, March 15.
Smith. William Charles (1825). soldier. April*.
Sokuo. Joseph (1845). merchant. May 25.
Spaulding.< Howard H. (1864). business
April 1.
Spellman. Mrs. Susan (1856). Sept. 6.
ADVERTISEMENT.
957
A Drop in the Bucket
Every householder* s expenses are divided into a num-
ber of items; food, rent, clothing, fuel and light,
house-furnishings, insurance, education and amuse-
ments, sickness — and the telephone.
Of all these items of expense, the telephone bill is
one of the least, being a very small percent of the
total cost.
For a trifling sum at most you have constantly at your
command millions of dollars' worth of property
and the service of skilled workers.
In business the cost of the telephone is frequently an
even smaller' proportion of the overhead expense
than in the household.
It only needs an emergency to bring it home to any
subscriber that the telephone is worth many times
its cost.
In the face of today* s high costs the telephone is a
bargain; and a daily economy for every subscriber.
CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY
958
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Springrer, Edward B. (1846). pioneer, in La
Grange, Sept. 22.
Standiford. Marcellus, publisher. April 5.
Stanley. Mrs. Carolina A. (1849). author, in
Fulton. Mo.. Jan. 14.
Stanton. John (1839). builder. May 23.
Stein, David A. (1852). manufacturer, Aug. 2.
Stern. Nathaniel A. (1880). former alderman,
March 23.
Stevens, Thomas A. (1868), merchant, in New
York. N. Y.. May 8.
Stowell. James E. (1855), physician. May 31.
Street. Arthur Wray (1848), railway official,
in New York. N. Y.. July 9.
Strong-, William H. (1853). journalist. Aug. 1.
Stuart. Lewis (1845). educator, in Northport,
Mich., July 8.
Stumer, Louis N. (1869), merchant, in New
London, Conn.. July 14.
Sullivan, Mrs. Catherine (1862), Jan. 27.
Sullivan. Robert W.. advertising: manager,
March 3.
Swart, Jacob H. (1844). printer, Aug. 19.
Taylor. James M. (1848). physician. May 26.
Teeple. Frank W. (1860). manufacturer,
March 6.
Thomas. Eben B., railroad president, in Morris-
town. N. J.. Sept. 4.
Tilghman. William J. (1835). retired business
man. in Evanston. March 18.
Todd. James F. (1841). former city physician.
March 24.
Tolman. Samuel A. (1835). merchant. June 4.
Toner. Henry J.. attorney, March 18.
Tourtelotte. Mrs. Julia I. (1839). in Washing--
ton, D. C.. May 11.
Towner. Daniel B. (1850). composer and
evangelist, at Longwood. Mo.. Oct. 3.
Tucker. William F. (1854). retired army of-
ficer, in Hood River, Ore., Oct. 31.
Tubbs. Frederick H. (1834). telegraph official.
Oct. 4.
Turnbull. Lawrence (1840). author and pub-
lisher, in Baltimore. Md.. May 9.
Tyler. Frederic C. (1846). merchant. Feb. 17.
Underwood. Arthur, attorney, in Boca Grande.
Fla.. Jan. 24.
Upman. Frank (1852). hotel man. In Lot
Angeles. Cal.. Sept. 30.
Upton. George P. (1834). music critic, May 19.
Vanderkloot, Mathias R. (1861) manufactur-
er, Jan. 29.
Vattman. Edward J. (1841), veteran army
chaplain. Sept. 29.
Vincent. William A. (1857). lawyer. March 21
Volland, C. P. (1874), art publisher, May 5.
Walker. William E. (1868). architect. Dec. 26,
1918.
Wall. John E. (1870). department manager
in Aurora, 111.. Sept. 19.
Ward. James R. (1851). attorney. Oct. 11.
Washburn. Elmer (1834), banker, Nov. 23.
Weber,' Herman (1842), hotel owner, in Los
Angeles, Cal.. March 18.
Wegg-, D. S. (1847), lawyer, Nov. 17.
Welsh. James E. (1857), school principal.
June 10.
Wescott. O. S. (1834). educator. July 31.
Wheeler. George A. (1827). board of trade
operator. Feb. 21.
White. Carlton (1860). manufacturer. July 4.
White. George W. (1830). packer. May 19.
White, James, merchant. April 18.
White, Mrs. Mary G.. educator. Jan. 19.
Whitehead. Mrs. Eliza P.. in New York. N. Y..
April 28.
Wilder. Thomas E. (1855). manufacturer, near
Elmhurst. Aug. 22.
Willcox. Mrs. Mary J.. author. June 19
Williams. Edward F. (1832). clergyman, in
Winnetka. May. 27.
Williams, Harry L. (1859). real estate dealer.
July 28.
Williams, William P. (1855). former treasury
official. May 15.
Willoughby, C. L. (1839). merchant. Jan 9.
Wilmarth. Mrs. Mary J. (1837), at Lake
Geneva, Aug. 28.
Wing. Russell M. (1852). lawyer. Jan. 4.
Wood. Milton R. (1840). railroad official, in
Plainfield. 111.. Aug. 4.
Woods. Robert M. (1840), officer in civil war.
May 29.
Wright. John F. (1839). grain dealer. April 23.
Zeizler, Joseph (1854). dermatologist. Aug.
31. at Mackinac Island. Mich.
SOCIAL SETTLEMENTS IN CHICAGO.
Abraham Lincoln Centre — Oakwood boulevard
and Langley avenue: secretary. J. P. Hall.
Association House— 2150 West North avenue:
Miss Winifred Salisbury.
Bohemian Settlement House— 1831 South Ra-
cine avenue: Miss Gertrude Ray.
Chicago Commons — North Morgan street and
Grand avenue: Graham Taylor.
Chicago Hebrew Institute — West Taylor and
Lytle streets: superintendent. P. L. Seman.
Christopher House— 2507 Greenview avenue;
Miss Ora E. Edmonds.
Eli Bates House— 621 West Elm street: Mrs.
C. Franklin Leavitt.
•Emerson House— 1901 West Ohio street: Miss
Edna L. Wright, head resident.
Fellowship Hotise— 831 West 33d place: Mrs.
Elliott W. Davis, head resident.
Forward Movement — 109 North Dearborn
street: W. J. Miller, superintendent.
Frederick Douerlass— 3032 Wabash avenue:
Mrs. A. Bryant.
Gads Hill Center— 1919 West 20th street: Miss
Rnth Austin.
Halsted Street Institutional Church Settlement
—1935 South Halsted street; Rev. R. Ste-
phenson.
Henry Booth House— 701 West 14th place:
Mrs. M. R. Kultchar.
Hull House— 800 South Halsted street: Miss
Jane Addams.
Institutional Church— 3825 Dearborn street:
Rev. A. J. Carey.
Little Wanderer Day Nursery and Settlement
House— 2116 West Chicago avenue; Mrs.
Mary A. Cook.
Marcy Center— 1335 Newberry avenue; Miss
Anna Heistad, R. N.
National Park Seminary and Settlement — 289
West 24th street: Mrs. E. Martin.
Neighborhood House— 6710 South May street:
Mrs. H. M. Van Der Vaart and S. Grace
Nicholes.
Northwestern University— Augusta and Noble
streets: Miss Harriet E. Vittum.
Olivet Institute— 444 Blackhawk street: Rev.
Norman B. Barr.
St. Mary's Settlement and Day Nursery— 656
West 44th street: Mrs. May Moore.
Samaritan Settlement House— 2601 West Su-
perior street: Margaret Lindesmith. head
resident.
Sinai Social Center— 4622 Grand boulevard: S.
D. Schwartz.
South Deering- Neighborhood Center — 10441
Hoxie avenue: Ernest J. Morris.
University of Chicago Settlement — 4630 Gross
avenue: Miss M?«ry E. McDowell.
Wendell Phillir>«— 200.Q W-lnut street: Howard
B. W^ston. h^ad resident.
World School Center— 3007 Ellis avenue; Mrs.
Hilda N. Johnson-Haskins.
ADVERTISEMENT. 959
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ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
OLD RESIDENTS OF CHICAGO.
Nov. 15. 1919.
In the following: list of men and women who
have lived in the city or its suburbs for sixty
nine years or more there are doubtless many
omissipns, thoug-h an effort has been made to
make it as complete as possible. Additions to.
changes of residence and other corrections of
this list, which will be continued in future
editions of this publication, will be gladly re-
ceived. Names marked with an * are those of
persons born in Chicago or Cook county. Ages
when known are given in parentheses:
1827— Griffin, Ella, 2461 Seminary avenue.
1829— Clingman, Mrs. Wm.* (90), 5499 Hyde
Park-av.
1831— Outhet. Miss Elizabeth (88), 219 Frank-
lin avenue. River Forest.
1832— Goeden. Mrs. Susan (89). 1900 Estes-av.
1834— Ludwigr, Catherine. 1465 W. Superior
Rexford, Simeon A., 6519 Lafayette avenue.
1835— Harman, William (85). 3840 West End
avenue.
Mason, J. A.* (85). Prairie View. HI.
Scranton, Mrs. Mary J., (89). 6852 Harper
avenue.
Sinclair, Georg-e (85). 4327 Berkeley-av.
Thies. Mrs. A. C.. 1157 West Van Buren-st
1836— Aernew. John* (83). 40 Elm street.
Garrity, Maria, 5256 Sheridan road.
Morris. Mrs. Mary. 4145 Kenmore avenue.
Warner. Mrs. Roxana (87). 7116 Stewart-av.
1837— Bohlander. John (82), Hinsdale.
Doty. Harvey C. (86), 1104 Grand avenue.
Goodrich. Henry C. 1704 Humboldt avenue.
Goodrich. Horace A.* (82). 522 Deming-pl.
Keefe. Edward (85). 3971 Ellis avenue.
Stryker. John* (82). 4246 South Ashland-av.
1838-Clark. Catherine C.* (81). 7628 South
Sangamon street.
Collins, W. M. (83), 5610 Princeton avenue.
Flag-g-. Emma J. T.* (81), 612 Woodland-pk.
O'Neil. John J. (82). 3934 Lexinglon street.
Pitkin. Mary. J.* (81), 55 West Schiller-st.
Sinclair. Mrs. J. E.* (81). 703 N. 3d avenue.
1839— Chase. Mrs. Ben. F. (85). 6527 Yale-av.
Gray. Allen W.* (80). 3213 Wnshington-bd.
Harpel. E'iza* (80). 51 East Oak street.
Lewis. Charles J. (81). 1900 Carroll avenue.
Lewis. John (89). 2414 Gladys avenue.
Periolat. Clemens F. (80). 3153 Cambridg-e
avenue.
Peters. Johanna, 1929 Bradley place.
Russell. Isaac (80). 2135 Carroll avenue.
Sampson. Mrs. R. R.* (80). 7380 Rog-ers-av.
1840— Carroll. Michael* (79). Soldiers' home.
Quincy, HI.
Falch. Charles H. (79). 541 E. 41st place.
Farrar. Mrs. Sophia B. (79). 3130 Dearborn
street.
Fuller. Mrs. Ann C. (80). 810 Oakwood-bd.
Hamilton, Henry E. (79). 817 N. Dearborn
street.
SohmidL Louis. Bensenville, 111.
Welch. iTames (94). 515 West Madison-st.
1841— Breidt. Adam (81). 5612 N. Ashland-av.
Ebert. Albert E. (79). 276 Michigan avenue.
Foster. Orrington C. (78), 1401 N. Dearborn
street.
Lewis. Eli R. (78). 7458 Normal avenue.
Lloyd. John A.. 2110 Jackson houl-v-rd.
Loringr, Stella Dver* (78). 4600 ElM0-av.
Sinter. John* (78), 5916 Normal avenue.
Smith, Orson* (78), 50 B^Vvne T>l-»ee.
Tally. Alfred M.* (78>. 3611 Vi^oennos-av.
1843— Armstrong:, John M. (77). 628 Briar-pi.
Athy, Stephen. 4743 Indiana avenue.
Barrhard, John, De« Plains. Til.
Brettmann. Henry (77). 2000 Humboldt-bd.
Cowt>er. John H. (78). Mofotrljrr N. J
CulVrton. Edward F.* (77), 4242 West' Har-
rison street.
Curtis. DeWitt H. (80), 1302 Washington
boulevard.
Dickerman, Mrs. M. B.* (77), 5019 Normal
avenue.
Falconer. Wm. (102), 3000 N. Cicero-av.
Jax, Nicholas (83), 2310 Seminary avenue
Mattes. Frank. 4936 North Irving- avenue '
Merrill. George H. (80), 4236 Jackson-blvd
Muench, Johanne. 718 Roscoe street
Murphy. Charles A., 4120 Wiicox street.
Russell, Mrs. Ellen I. (77), 2135 Carroll-av
Wener. Geo^e W. (77), 7008 Normal av
Wiggins. John B., 4625 Greenwood avenue.
1843— Allmendinger, Peter (77), 438 Arling-
ton place.
Feldman, Mary, 3828 Keystone avenue
Follansbee. George A. (76), 767 Willow
street. Winnetka.
Ford. Elisha M. (83). 3209 Warren avenue
Gavin, Rev. E. W.* (76), Waukegan
Gubbins. George P., 3912 West 18th 'street.
Hickcox, Mrs. Sophia E. (98), 417 Lee
street, Evanston.
Holden, William H. (76). 1143 Forest ave-
nue, Evanston.
Lang-don. Addison L. (76). 916 East 62d-st.
Mag-ee, Henry W. (78). 5626 Dorchester-av.
Sherman, Charles D.* (76). Riverside.
Snahn, Jos. M. (76), 10307 Indianapolis-av.
Weckler. Adam J. (77). 3446 Broadway.
1844— Arnold. Miss Katherine D.* (75). 674
Lincoln parkway.
Bennett. Robert J. (80). 4250 N. Paulina-st.
Butts, Milton D. (81). 130 Keystone avenue.
River Forest.
Ferg-us. John B.* (75). 923 Gait avenue.
Fergns. John Q. (78), 3114 Vernon avenue.
Flanders. Isabel W. (90), 4917 Christiana-ar.
Hoppe. Victoria. 529 Grant place.
Hoyne, Thomas M. (75), 3369 Calumet-av.
Janes. Mrs. J. E.. 822 Dfkin street.
Kay. Joseph A.* (75). 5601 Elston avenue.
Lamb, Clinton S. (75). 1224 West Adams-st.
Marshall, J. F.* (75). 3043 Groveland-av,
Mason. Georg-e (79). 1440 West Monroe-st.
Peck. Helen M.* (75). Denver. Col.
Reid. Mrs. Elizabeth G* (75). 2245 North
Halsted street.
Rig-ney, Mary A., 5039 West Huron street.
Robins, Charlotte* (76). 5553 Wentworth-ar.
Rung-e. H-m-y (75). 2528 N. Spauldingr-av.
Sauter. Charles J.* (75). 4515 Beacon street.
Schafer, John, G^oss Point.
Schram. C. B. (85). 37 North Halsted street.
Sepvert. E. G. (81). 641 Hamburg- street.
Skinner. Miss Elizabeth (75). 612 Rush-st.
Snowden. Orpha (94), 863 Lill avenue.
Tetbbetts. Elizabeth E.* (75). 4736 North
Paulina street.
Van Horn. Mrs. A. G. S. (75), 4510 Green-
view avenue,
1845— Batterman. Sophia L.. 2022 Fremont-st.
Black. Mary. 3247 No^th Halsted street.
Breese. A. K. (74), 9711 Parnell avenue.
Breese. Mrs. A. K. (74), 9711 Parnell avenue.
Bromilaw. Mrs. Minnie C.* (74). 7642 Green-
wood avenn"
Casey. Mrs. Helen M. (84). 4223 West Mon-
roe street.
Franzen. B. L.. Bensenville, HI.
Fo"d. John W.. 3845 T^xinerton avenue.
Holdshin. T^r-bara. ft117 *"dj?ewood avenue.
Jackson Oliv^ (7*). 4458 Oakenwald-av.
Kleinman. John J.. 1558 Fulton street.
Knickerbocker. A. V.* (74). 3301 Washing-
ton boulevard.
Ler>dv. Georpre B.. 3554 La Salle street.
Manure G^o^fce* (74). 100 Bellevue-place.
Robinson. W. R. (74). 55fi W. Adorns street.
Roth M-d^liTi0. 4116 "^orth Paulina street.
Rnth^rfo^d. T. A. (81). Grand and Oak
Park avenripp.
Satterlee. Georg-e A.* (74), 2704 Michigan
avenue.
ADVERTISEMENT. 961
QUALITY METALS
THE BLATCHFORD
"NO. 1" STEREOTYPE METAL.
STAR STEREOTYPE METAL.
BLATCHFORD PERFECTION LINOTYPE METAL.
MONOTYPE METAL. AUTOPLATE METAL.
SPECIAL MIXTURES.
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS. Chicago, November 9, 1919.
Messrs. E. W. Blatchford Company,
230 North Clinton-st., City.
Gentlemen : We have used the Blatchford metals — stereotype,
linotype and autoplate — continuously for many years, and with uni-
form satisfaction. We believe them to be unsurpassed in quality.
Very truly yours,
VICTOR F. LAWSON. Publisher.
Manufactured Exclusively by
E. W. Blatchford Company
CHICAGO NEW YORK
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Schimmels, Chr.* (74). 1410 S. Halsted-st.
Schnabel. Jacob, 82 North Robey street.
Trauscht. Anna M.* (74). 2481 Archer-av.
Wayman, William, 5410 West Ohio street.
1846— Becker. Madalena. 1206 Wellington-av,
Berg-er. Louis A. (86), 2129 Cuyler avenue.
Bournique. Mrs. A. E.* (73). 315 E. 23d-st.
Boyd. Mrs. C. L. (73). 5406 Blackstone-av.
Brachtendorf, Anton (75). 348 Mohawk-st.
Brinkworth. Mrs. Emma A. (73), 884 Irving
place.
Brown, Edward C. (74). 6056 Kenwood-av.
Culver. John (73), 2146 Railroad avenue,
Evanston.
Dayton. Mrs. Martha S. (73). 6950 Lowe-av.
Evert, Barbara. 6014 North Robey street.
Fishback. Mrs. Mary (79). 6938 Wentworth
avenue.
Fitzpatrick. J. C.. 5324 Wabash avenue.
Franzen, Joseph, 2631 North Halsted street.
Ganshaw, Mrs. Anna M. (73), 1254 57th
avenue, Cicero.
Gray, George L. (73). 2644 Indiana avenue.
Griffin. Mrs. F. A. (83). 907 West Monroe
Gross. George M. (73). 1445 South State-st.
Hayes, Michael (74), 4546 West Adams-st.
Healy. James T.* (73). 747 Bittersweet-place.
Hitz. Louis J. (85). 95th-st and Western-av.
Hough. Albert J. (73). 4828 Kenwood-av.
Husted. Frank T. (73). 2331 South Morgan
avenue. Morgan Park.
Kemler. Lena. 3434 West 62d street.
Klassen. Jacob (84). 3123 South Park-av.
Klossman. Charlotte (79). 4123 North Kil-
dare avenue.
Knight. Jennie H.* (73). 3336 Rhodes-av.
Lawrence. Theodore F. (73). 1995 North
Halsted street.
Lemmon. Vina (73), 1552 Lill avenue.
McHenry. Abbie C.* (73). 1815 Indiana-av.
Monheimer, Conrad (86). 4033 Prairie-av.
Monroe. Benj. F. (79), 850 East 65th street.
Nelson, Andrew G. (93). 4635 Langley-av.
Niehofl. Katherine (79). 1028 Oakdale-av.
Polkey. Margaret* (73). 5100 Sheridan road.
Sears. Joseph (76), Kenilworth.
Sebastian. Elizabeth. 5412 North Wayne-av.
Sickinger, Jacob* (73). (1434 Devon avenue.
Smalley. Mrs. A. K.* (73). 2544 Kimball-av.
Smith, James H. (75), 418 Oak street.
Spaehr. Mary. 4812 Sheridan road.
Stratton. Helen A., 2249 West Monroe street.
Tyler. Albert S.* (73). Hyde Park boulevard.
Weir. Robert (79), 6223 Yale avenue.
Williams. Hobart* (73). Cheshire, Conn.
Yoe, Lucien G.* (73). Highland Park.,
1847— Barry, Rebecca A.. 1916 Belle 'Plaine
avenue.
Bender, George A. (85). 3435 N. Harding-av.
Beers. George T. (82), 3414 S. Paulina-st.
Bishop. Joseph H. (80). 600 York place.
Brettmann, Mrs. Louisa (72). 2069 Hum-
boldt boulevard.
Chapel. G. R.. 3513 Carroll pvenue.
Clausen, Mrs. Lizzie* (72), 1752 N. Wells-st.
Cook, John F.. 1752 North Kedzie avenue.
Curtis, Charles C.* (72), 1414 Astor street.
Danenhower, Joseph L.. 3857 Ellis avenue.
Dibos. Margaret, 1838 Hudson avenue.
Doetsch. Anton. Glen View.
Haggard. John D.* (72). 154 North Pine-av.
Hart, John E. (92), 309 Beethoven place.
Henderson, Robert (72), 1460 Cullom-av.
Hettinger. Barbara, 1049 Webster avenue.
Higgins. Mrs. L. A. R. (72). 5550 University
avenue.
Hough, Charles H.* (72), 4828 Kenwood-av.
Hoxie, Mary H.* (72), 4440 Michigan-av.
Kugel, Eliza, 4046 Lowe avenue.
Krummenacher, John, 621 Asbury avenue,
Evanston.
Lang. Andrew, 1635 Larrabee street.
Lauer. Maria (89), 1744 Belmont avenue.
Manierre. William R.* (72). 1507 Dearborn
parkway.
Morgan. Wm. R.« (72). 310 North Mason-av.
Mullen. John Y. (72). 412 Sherman street.
Oyen. Georgiana, 1643 North Troy street.
Rippberger, George, 1848 Belle Plaine avenue.
Rohmer. Mrs. C., 58 S. Vine-st.. Hinsdale.
Schnor, Nicolaus, 2051 Orchard street.
Schubert. Mrs. Margaret (78). 5635 Prince-
ton avenue.
Simon. William (81). 4624 North Clark-st.
Taylor, Mrs. Agnes M.* (72). 2631 Best-av.
Thiele. Heinrich (90). 2125 Cleveland-av.
Thiele. Maria (91). 2125 Cleveland avenue.
Thilo, Mrs. Elizabeth (84). 1861 North Hal-
sted street.
Turner. John W.* (72), 1854 Addison-st.
Watson. Edward, 326 South Western avenue.
Wayman, James B.* (72). 4858 Kenmore-av.
Whitehead. Edward J. (80). River Forest.
1848— Bremner. David F. (80). 5009 Green-
wood avenue.
Bryan, Frederick W.* (71). 1423 Kenilworth
avenue.
Cornell, Sarah. 3332 Lexington street.
Eberlen. George P.* (71), 1140 Wrightwood
avenue.
Fennimore, William, 1447 Kenilworth avenue.
Gray, P. W.. 2563 North Winchester avenue.
Gunderson. M. A. (84). 2531 North Fran-
cisco avenue.
Hecktor. Jacob S. (71). 3011 Archer avenue.
Joyce, Mrs. Thomas (81). 3426 Prairie-av.
Lahgguth, J. F. (77). 1929 Waveland avenue.
Letto, A. M., 1033 Wellington avenue.
McMahon. Mrs. Mary (78). 2902 Wallace-st.
Monheimer. Leonard (86). 5008 Prairie-av.
Murphy, Joseph (96). 5648 Michigan avenue.
McClevey. Mary, 2059 North Keeler avenue.
McConnell. John* (71). 546 Hawthorne-pl.
Olson. Oliver (72). 3435 Melrose street.
Parker. John D. (79). 216 East 56th street.
Peck. Ferdinand W. (71). 1828 S. Michigan
avenue.
Renich. Mrs. Helen (72). 1926 School street.
Riley. John P. (74). 1920 Hudson avenue.
Rofinot, Victor F. (?1). 6354 Langley-av.
Rogan. John J. (73) \4203 S. State street.
Rudolph, John C, (94). 527 Briar place.
Sampson. John C.* (71). 1243 East 47th-«t.
Schimmels. Capt. C.. 1410 S. Halsted street.
Schlecht. Mrs. C. C. (76). 5804 Race-av.
Schlossman. J. B. (71), 5341 Calumet-av.
Schmidt. Mrs. Sophie (84). Oak Park.
Schupp, Philip, 2426 Berwyn avenue.
Scouton, T. B. (71). 4706 Magnolia avenue.
Sheppard. Robert D.* (71), Evanston.
Smyth, Thomas A.* (71). 2022 West Jack-
son boulevard.
Soelke, Henry, 2743 Washington boulevard.
Spikings. William H. (71). 6031 N. Craw-
ford avenue.
Starkweather. C. H.* (71). 5828 University
avenue.
Stewart. Bridget (85). 1830 West 13th-st.
Varges, Edward E. (71). 5325 N. Ashland
avenue.
Weber, Herman (77), 742 Junior terrace.
Wilcox. George G.* (71). 800, 167 West
Washington street.
1849— Boyd, Robert (78), 1321 East 52d-st.
Buggie, James (71). 10609 Drew street.
Cobb, Weldon J.* (70). Wheaton.
Curtis. Rev. Edw. H. (75). 6329 Woodlawn
Doyle, Austin J.* (70). 6544 Harvard-av.
Dundy, Kate. 2828 West Superior street.
Furst, Conrad, (89), 2340 Lincoln parkway.
Gebert. Johanna. 2710 Cottage Grove avenue.
Glasebrook, George (94), 2230 Flournoy-st.
Glasebrook. Mrs. Mary A. (90). 2230 Flour-
noy street.
Goodwillie. Mrs. Cecelia (90), 450 Roslyn-pl.
Goold. John E. (70). 2216 Prairie avenue.
Graham. John R. (88). 3340 Washington
boulevard.
ADVERTISEMENT. 963
RELIABLE
PRINTERS'
ROLLERS
SAM'L BINGHAM'S SON
MFG. CO.
CHICAGO
PITTSBURGH DALLAS
ST. LOUIS MILWAUKEE
KANSAS CITY MINNEAPOLIS
ATLANTA DES MOINES
INDIANAPOLIS CLEVELAND, OHIO
SPRINGFIELD, OHIO
964
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Gregory, Margaret, 3849 Belmont avenue.
Grupe. Conrad («6), 2176 N. Maplewood-av.
Guthier. Lawreoce, Norwood Park.
Hatch. William H. (70). 2703 N. Halsted-st.
Jaworski, Stephen D.* (70), 2743 Warren-av.
Joslyn. Walter S. (76). 436 East 72d street.
Leopold. Mrs. C.* (70). 2666 N. Halsted-st.
Melvin. Thos. H. (70). 2508 N. Artesian-av.
Moore. William J. (74). 311 Wendell street.
O'Byrne. Mrs. E. (75). 2545 Washimrton-bd.
Oliver, Lucy Hicks (75). 809 Crescent place.
Prindiville. Wm. H.* (70), 2058 Burling-st.
Ritchie. Hugh (95). 28 West Chestnut-st.
Rumsey. George D. (70), Congress hotel.
Scholl, Mrs. Wilhelmina (80). 2610 Coyne-st.
Schneider. Martin, 1636 Granville avenue.
Shepard. F. A.* (70). 540 Millard avenue.
Sullivan. Timothy (70). 4855 W. Van Buren
B t reel.
Sweeney. Eugene* (70). 225 N. Waller-av.
Theis, Theodore (74), 2729 Pine Grove-av.
Wachter, Henry, 3938 North Hoyne avenue.
Weber. Mrs. Barbara M. (84). 1880 Milwau-
kee avenue.
1850— Baumann. Frederick (93). 2744 Pine
Grove avenue.
Bechtel. John, 4927 North Irving1 avenue.
Bomhake. William* (69). 5442 Leland-av.
Butterfield. Caroline S. (69). 1225 Columbia
avenue.
Clingman. Chas. W.* (69). 4748 Kenwood-av.
Dunne. Michael J. (79). 4901 Dorchester-av.
Gonerer. Jacob. 4530 North Knox avenue.
Finke. Mrs. Anna M. (90). 1342 Wolfram-st.
Foley. Adele, 6238 South Aberdeen street.
Gloor. Elizabeth. 6332 Lakewood avenue.
Grau, Amalia. 3227 Clifton avenue.
Haake. George* (69), 621 Wellington avenue.
Haines. George* (69), 6544 Cicero avenue.
Haines. Walter S.* (69), 1746 West Hani-
son street.
Hawes. Robert (84), 2935 Bonfield street.
Heidel. Otto. 2519 Cologne street.
Horn. Eliza. 842 Diversey parkway.
Howe. Miss Frances (69). 5024 Grace street.
Jiroch. Joseph (73). 1837 Mohawk street.
Keller, Mary. 610 North Sangamon street.
Kenser. Katharina, 3741 Bosworth avenue.
Kotz. Charles E.* (69), 4869 Winthrop-av.
Lawson. Victor F.* (69). 1500 Lake Shore
drive.
Leander. J,. 530 North Clark street.
Lendrum. George* (69), 900 Hope street.
Loehr. Justus P. C. (78). 2824 Burling-st.
Mahoney. David* (69). 4132 Indiana avenue.
Mahoney. Timothy (69). 738 Racine avenue.
Martin. Mrs. Mary (7il). 6418 Langley-av.
Miller. Bd M. (69). 1906 South Turner-av.
Miller. Eliza. 2142 Clifton avenue.
Morris. William (76). 4936 Kimbark avenue.
Moser. George W. (69). 400 Maple avenue.
Oak Park.
Munsen, John (80). 3028 N. Sawyer avenue.
Nelson. Mrs. G. V, (92). 2334 Annitage-av.
Musham. Mrs. Catherine. 741 Rush street.
Nurnberger. Mrs. Emile (81), 2968 South
State street.
Ohlerking. John H. (77). River Forest.
O'Leary. David. 1333 East 71st street.
Pinkerton. William A. (73). 199 East Oak-st.
Pomy. Mrs. Anna (74). 431 Webster avenue.
Schaffer, Ferdinand (70). Blue Island.
Schuenemann. John. 1440 N. Hermitage-av.
Senf. Sofia (71). River Grove.
Seyer. Virginia L. A.. 1616 Rees street.
Spaan. Martin. 4812 Sheridan road.
Stender. C. F. G.. 308 South Hamlin avenue.
Sussem. John (73), 1067 West Harrison-st.
Thiele. Christ. 22d and Wolf road. Hillside.
Trapp. Margaret. 2827 South Park avenue.
Walsh. David* (69), 3142 West 16th street.
Wegselbaum. Joseph (69), 5007 North Ash-
land avenue.
Weihe. Mrs. Caroline (78). 5064 North Win-
chester avenue.
DIED IN 1919.
Amberg-, Mrs. W. A. (72). 1301 N. State
street; born in Chicago, 1847; died Nov. 15.
Balken. Peter M. (82). 71 Keystone avenue:
arrived 1849; died May 22.
Barnard. Capt. Dauiel E. (93). 1924 W. 103d
street; arrived 1846; died March 7.
Best William (78), 4620 Ellis avenue; arrived
1852; died April 20.
Botsford. Henry (85). 2129 Prairie avenue;
arrived 1853; died May 1.
Bradley, J. Harley (75). 31 East Elm street:
arrived 1845: died June 17.
Clark. Mrs. Margaret W. (74). 3125 Warren
avenue: born in Chicago 1845; died Oct. 8.
Cooke, Mrs. Mary (88), 41 Central boulevard:
arrived 1846: died Aug. 5.
Cox, Mrs. Electra R.. 1529 Astor street; ar-
rived 1856; died Aug. 15.
Craig. J. C. (62). 738 South Oakley boule-
vard: born in Chicago 1857; died April 17.
Curtis. Henry M. (78). 4559 Woodlawn ave-
nue: arrived 1849: died April 6.
Curtis. Mrs. Mary Ann (93). 5044 West Ohio
street: arrived 1847: died Feb. 6.
Devlin. Mrs. Frank A. (60). 3215 Michigan
avenue; born in Chicago 1859: died June 4.
Eiszner, Mrs. John (80). 5921 Washington
boulevard: arrived 1844: died June 25.
Eldridge. Mrs. Sarah L. (74). 4016 West Har-
rison street: arrived 1855: died Aug. 16.
Engel. Bernhard (83), 5115 Drexel boulevard:
arrived 1857: died Oct. 1.
Fancher. Mrs. Elizabeth W. (90). 1454 Sher-
man-av., Evanston: ar. 1849; died June 15.
Greene, Mrs. Augustus W. (65), 152 East Su-
perior street: died April 13.
Greenebaum. Elias (97). 4510 Grand boule-
vard; arrived 1848: died July 25.
Griffin. Mrs. Frances Hawkins (88) : arrived
1852: died April 28.
Gross. Charles (68). 7240 South Shore road:
bora in Chicago '1853: died Aug. 12.
Halloran, Mrs. Mary (90). 876 North Frank-
lin street: arrived 1852; died April 15.
Houlihan. Mrs. Mary. 4153 Grenshaw street:
arrived 1859: di-d Mny 16.
Kefer. Mrs. Anna M. (73). 1728 Balmoral ave-
nue: arrived 1847; died May 25.
Kellner, Mrs. Barbara (62). 2142 Sedgwick
street: born in Chicago 1857: died May 13.
Kelly. Mrs. Catherine (80). 3347 West Madi-
son street; arrived 1859: died May 19.
Le Beau. Emily B^aubieu (94), Aurora, HI.;
arrived 1829; died Nov. 4.
Matz. Otto H. (89). 120 East Oak street;
arrived 1853: died March 8.
Mauff. Mrs. Nora Smith (80). 1327 Lake
street. Evanston; arrived in Chicago 1850:
died Aug. 21.
Mendsen, Edward '87), 531 8th avenue, Wil-
mette: arrived 1848: died March 3.
Merz. Mrs. Elizabeth (88). 3309 Park avenue:
arrived 1847: died March 20.
Mills. Mrs. D. W. (75). 3345 Washington bd.:
bora in Chicago 1844; died Sept. 18.
Morgan, Julia E.* (82), 511 East 60th street,
born in Cook county, 1847; died Oct. 10.
O'Malia. Mrs. Ellen (80). 9030 Exchange ave-
nue: arrived 1849; died May 14.
Peck, Mrs. Hannah A., Wilmette; settled near
Waukegan 1846: died Feb. 1.
Peters, Mrs. Marie (87). 1721 Otto street:
arrived 1846: died Jan. 15.
Rappleyer. Mrs. Thera M. (74). 4157 Grand
boulevard: born in Chicago 1845: died
March 2.
Pond. Sarah A., 1117 Forest avenue, Evanston:
arrived in Chicago 1840: died July 11.
Schillo. Mrs. Adam (81). 1722 Mohawk-st.:
arrived 1848: died Dec. 28, 1918.
Smith. Frederick A. (75). 609 Rush-st.: born
in Jefferson township 1844; died July 31.
Smith. Mrs. T. (86). 1520 North MontieellO
iv.enue; arrived 1848: died Dec. 22. 1918.
Sullivan. Mrs. Daniel J.. 6554 Woodlawn ave-
nue; arrived 1859; died May 17.
ADVERTISEMENTS. 965
Eclipse Printing Co.
143 West Austin Avenue
Near LaSalle Street
Telephone Main 1277
Printers and Binders
TELEPHONE FRANKLIN 678
PHILLIPS, GETSCHOW CO.
ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS
HEATING VENTILATING POWER
VAPOR AND VACUUM HEATING
130 WEST KINZIE STREET, CHICAGO
Insist on the Scientifically Correct
Grade for Your Car
VACUUM OIL CO.
343 S. Dearborn St. Chicago
A grade for each type of motor phone Harrison 4641
Write for free booklet "Correct Lubrication."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Townsend. Oliver (82), Onarga. 111.: born in
an-(923°). arrived 1M»:
aBorc (78) 5544 West Van
Buren street: arrived 1851: died Sept. 25.
Weokler, Adam J. (77), San Diego, Cal.; ar-
rived in Chicago 1843: died Sept. 21.
Wilson. William J. (87). Pine Lake, Ind.; ar-
rived in Chicago 1852: died June 28.
Young:. Mrs. Emma L. (86), 2900 Wilcox-st.;
arrived 1835: died Aug. 24.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
anthropology, botany, geology and zoology, and
. Ryerson. Watson F.
Blair.
.
Director of the Museum and Secretary— Fred-
erick J. V. Skiff.
Treasurer— Solomon A. Smith.
Assistant Secretary and Recorder— D. C. Davies.
The Field Museum of Natural History estab-
liahed in 1894 at the close of the World's Co-
lumbian Exposition of 1893. occupies the tem-
porary building erected for fine arts in Jackson
park, the exposition site. .The founding of a
•dentine institution of this character in Chi-
cag-o was made possible by the rift of Sl.
000 by Marshall Field, who on his death (Jan.
16. 1906) bequeathed the institution a further
S8 000 000. $4.000,000 for the erection of a
permanent building and $4,000.000 for endow-
ment. In addition $1.500.000 has. been donat-
ed by other individuals and there is an annual
income from other sources than endowment of
about $25.000. The citizens of Chicago have
confirmed legislative provision for the levy of
a tax fer the maintenance of the museum
when a new building: shall have been erected.
which it is estimated will eventually produce
approximately $100.000 per annum.
The new building- is now near completion.
near and south of Roosevelt road extended in
an easterly direction. The architecture of this
building is ornamental and dignified in charac-
ter. as befits its location in a public park. The
general architecture of the present building in
Jackson park has been retained as well as the
beautiful effects of the colonnade structure.
The nucleus of the exhibition material was
gathered by gift and purchase at the World s
Columbian Exposition. Most of this material,
however, has since been rearranged, readapted
or discarded. Several departments created at
the organization have been abandoned, until,
after the lapse of twenty yoars and the expend-
iture of approximately $6.500.000. the museum
is now divided into five departments— namely.
the Harris public school extension. Many ex-
peditions for the purpose of obtaining- study,
exhibition and exchange material and data have
been dispatched all over the world. The re-
sults of these expeditions, investigations and
researches have been published by the museum
from time to time, which publications have
been distributed to kindred societies and insti-
tutions both at home and abroad. An im-
portant contribution of $250,000 by Norman
W. Harris was announced in December, 1911.
for the extension of the work of the museum
into the public schools of Chicago. The plans
for carrying out Mr. Harris* wishes were placed
in operation in the spring of 1913. The mu-
seum has a working library of about 70.000
titles, an extensive exchange system, fully
equipped departmental laboratories, a herbari-
um of more than 500,000 sheets, study collec-
tions in mammals and birds reaching many
thousand specimens, a large two story taxi-
dermy section, a well equipped printing shop,
illustration studios and assaying and lapidary
rooms. In North American ethnology, in the
world's mineralogy, in economic botany, the
museum is particuarly prominent, while it* se-
ries of mounted mammals furnishes examples
of advanced museum methods. The present main
building covers nine acres and is ppen to the
public on all days except Christmas and
Thanksgiving. An admission fee of 25 cents is
charged except on Saturdays and Sundays,
when admiss'on is free to all. Students, schol-
ars and teachers are admitted free on all days
between 9 a. m. and 4 p. m.
The museum is incorporated under state law
and the administrative control rests in a board
of trustees with president, secretary, etc. The
executive of the museum is the director, under
whom there are five head curators with divi-
sional assistant curators, preparators. etc. The
entire museum records, the accessions system,
the historical files, publications and supplies
are in charge of a recorder.
American Red Cross Society (Chicago chapter)
—112 West Adams street; executive secre-
tary John W. Champion: secretary, W. Li.
Sullivan, Springfield. 111.: treasurer. Orson
Smith. 112 West Adams street. .
Associated Jewish Charities of Chicago— Presi-
dent. D. E. Bensing-er; secretary, M. I Berg-er.
Bohemian Charitable Association- 2603 South
Kedzie avenue: secretary, Rev. V. Vanek.
Chicago Daily News Fresh-Air Fund— Manager,
William A. Strong: Sanitarium. Lincoln park,
foot of Fullerton avenue.
Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund— Tower
building 6 North Michigan avenue, fifth
floor: director, Mrs. Ira Couch Wood. .
Federated Orthodox Jewish Chanties— Presi-
dent. James Davis: secretary. Max Shulman.
Frances Juvenile Aid Association— President.
Mrs. Anne X. Smith, corresponding secre-
tary. Mrs. Frederick G. Harris.
Friendly Aid Society— President. Mrs. Edward
Tilden: corresponding secretary. Mrs. Fred
Germang Society of Chicago— 217 100 North
Wells street: manager. F. von W-Wysow.
Hune-arian Charity Society of Chicago— Presi-
dent. Mnx Sobel: secretary. Archie A. Weiss-
berg. 32 South Wells street.
Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society-
President. R. J. Bennett: secretary and su-
perintendent, Wilfred S. Reynolds, 1816, 209
South State street.
CHARITY ORGANIZATIONS IN CHICAGO.
Illinois Charitable Relief Corps— President. Ed-
ward Carey: secretary. Miss Annie O'Con-
nor, 3763 Ellis avenue.
Infant Welfare Society — President, Lucius
Teter; secretary. George L. Emrich, 729. 104
South Michigan avenue.
Italian Ladies' Charitable Association — Presi-
dent. Mrs. V. Licci; secretary. Miss Tillie
Russo.
Jewish Aid Society— 1800 Selden: president,
Alfred C. Meyer: secretary, Mrs. R. J. Rosen-
thai.
Mothers' Relief Association— President. Mrs. D.
Harry Hammer: corresponding secretary. Mrs.
William P. MacCracken.
Societe Francaise de Secours Mutuels— Presi-
dent, A. Campion: secretary. Charles Le-
roy. 1215 West Congress street.
United Charities of Chicago— President, Charles
W. Folds: secretary. Charles A. Munroe: of-
fice, sixth floor, 168 North Michigan avenue;
superintendent, Joel D. Hunter.
Visiting Nurse Association of Chicago— 830.
304 Sonth Michigan avenue: president. Mrs.
Joseph M. Cudahy; secretary, Mrs. Robert Mc-
Gann: superintendent. Mips Edna L. Foley.
Woman's Protective A s«oH P tion — President,
Mrs. Frederick Dale Wood: corresponding
secretary. Mrs. Elizabeth Hoffman, 155 North
Clark street.
Young Men's Jewish Charities — President
Hugo Pam: secretary. Monte H. Sadler.
ADVERTISEMENT. - 967
2840
PHONE HARRISON -{
5557
MENDELSON BROS.
PAPER STOCK CO.
Paper Mill Supplies
900 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUE
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
968
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Theaters— AMUSEMENTS.
(a) Highest admission fee. except
for box seats, $1 or more $1,000.00
(b) Highest admission fee, except
for box seats, exceeds 50c. but
is less than $1
(c) Highest admission fee, except
lor box seats, exceeds 30c, but
does not exceed 50c
(d) Hig-hest admission fee. except
for box seats, exceeds 20c, but
does not exceed 30c 250.00
(e) Highest admission fee. except
for box seats, does not exceed 20c 200.00
Lectures, art exhibits, etc 200.00
LICENSE RATES IN CHICAGO NOV. 1, 1919.
Per year unless otherwise specified.
Rate.
400.00
300.00
Concerts
100.00
Penny arcades, etc 200.00
Halls for Dances. Bazaars. Etc. —
(a) Seating- capacity not exceeding
300 persons 25.00
(b) Seating capacity more than
300 persons, but not exceeding
500 persons 60.00
(c) Seating capacity more than
500 persons, but not exceeding
800 persons 75.00
(d) Seating capacity exceeding 800
persons 100.00
Summer gardens, per week 20.00
Amusement parks, per week 40.00
Picnic grounds 10.00
Roller or ice skating rinks 200.00
Baseball, Football. Etc.. Fields—
(a) Seating capacity 15,000 per-
sons or more 1.000.00
(b) Seating capacity less than
15.000 persons, but not less than
10.000 persons 700.00
(c) Seating capacity less than
10,000 persons, but more than
4.000 persons 300.00
(d) Seating capacity not exceeding
4.000 persons 75.00
Wrestling Matches —
(a) Seating capacity 500 persons
or less, per day 6.00
Ob) Seating capacity more than
500 persons, but not more than
1.000 persons, per day 10.00
(c) Seating capacity more than
1.000 persons, but not more than
2.000 persons, per day 20.00
(d) Seating capacity more than
2,000 persons, but not more than
3.000 persons, per day 30.00
(e) Seating capacity more than
3.000 persons, but not more than
4,000 persons, per day 40.00
(f) Seating capacity more than
4,000 persons, but less than 5.000
persons, per day 50.00
(g) Seating capacity 5,000 persons
or more, per day 60.00
Poultry. Horse, Stock. Dog. Etc..
Shows —
(a) Highest admission fee exceeds
75c. per day 25.00
(b) Highest admission fee exceeds
50c, but does not exceed 75c.
per day 15.00
(c) Highest admission fee exceeds
lOc, but does not exceed 50c. per
day 10.00
(d) Highest admission fee does not
exceed lOc. per day 1.00
Circuses, Menageries, Etc. —
(a) Seating capacity more than 6.-
000 persons, per day 150.00
(b) Seating capacity more than
3,000 persons, but not more than
6.000 persons, per day 50.00
(c) Seating capacity more than
1.500 persons, but not more than
3,000 persons, per day
(d) Seating capacity more than
750 persons, but not more than
1.600 persons, per day
(e) Seating capacity more than
400 persons, but not more than
750 persons, per day
(f ) Seating capacity not more than
400 persons, per month
Airdromes, sideshows, etc.. per day.
Swimming and diving shows, per week
Platform, walk-around, etc., shows.
per week
Skill and strength testing devices.
Rate.
$35.00
25.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
2.00
2.00
.50
per week
Merry-Go-Rounds. Coasters. Etc.—
(a) Highest fee or fare for one ride
does not exceed 5c, per week.... 2.00
(b) Highest fee or fare for one ride
exceeds 5c. but does not exceed
llOc. per week 5.00
(c) Highest fee or fare for one ride
exceeds lOc, per week 10.00
Pony or animal rides, etc., per week .50
Fireworks exhibitions, per day 50.00
Entertainments not included in the
foregoing, per day 5.00
Note— Where a license fee is fixed at so
much per week, no license to issue for a less
period than ten weeks. Annual licenses may
be issued in two periods of six months each.
General license covering all classes of
amusements except 13th (cir-
cuses) and 20th (fireworks) 1.000.00
MISCELLANEOUS.
Acetylene gas, collection or compres-
sion $150.00
Acetylene gas, sale or distribution.. 6.00
Amusement, public place of ("dry
cabaret") —
Seating capacity 300 persons or less 26.00
Seating capacity 301 to 500 persons 60.00
Seating capacity 501 to 800 persons 75.00
Seating capacity more than 800
persons 100.00
Auctioneers 300.00
Auctioneers, special sales, per day... 0.0.00
Automobiles, public passenger (on
stands) —
Seating three persons or less 2.50
Seating f9ur to eight persons 5.00
Seating nine to twenty persons 10.00
Seating more than twenty persons.. 26.00
Automobiles, public passenger (not
on stands 5.00
Automobiles, passenger (wheel tax) —
35 horsepower or less 10.00
Over 35 horsepower .-.. 20.00
Automobile delivery wagons, capacity
less than one ton (wheel tax)... 15.00
Automobile trucks (wheel tax) 30.00
Automobiles, demonstrating or test-
ing vehicle (wheel tax), each — \ 1.00
•Automobiles (state fee) —
25 horsepower and less 8.00
35 horsepower and more than 25
horsepower 12.00
60 horsepower and more than 35
horsepower 20.00
More than 50 horsepower 25.00
Electric motor vehicles 12.00
Freight motor cars. 5,000 pound
weight 12.00
More than 5.000 pounds and less
than 12,000 22.00
More than 12,000 pounds and not
more than 15.000 35.00
More than 15.000 pounds 60.00
ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE
WESTERN FOUNDRY
COMPANY
Light Gray Iron Castings
3634 SO. KEDZIE AVENUE
CHICAGO
TELEPHONE McKINLEV 100.
A. T. Willett Company
Established 1868
Operating 300 Teams and Motor Trucks
"Chicago 's Best Delivery Service '
970
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Rate.
Tractors used for hauling purposes.. 825.00
Manufacturers of and dealers in... 12.00
Bakeries 6.00
Bathing beaches, etc 15.00
Billiard and pool tables, each 5.00
Bill posting, with wagons 100.00
Bill posting, without wagons 25.00
Boats, launches, etc.. 82, 810 and 25.00
Bowling alleys, each 5.00
Brewers 500.00
Brokers 25.00
Cabs, public 1.00
Carbonated waters, etc 20.00
Cars, elevated railway, each 50.00
Cartridges and shells. 810 and 26.00
Catch basins and sewers, cleaners of,
per wagon 10.00
Chauffeurs (state fee)— Original 5.00
Chauffeurs (state fee) — Renewal 8.00
Chauffeurs (see operators of public
motor vehicles) .
Cigarette dealers 100.00
Coffee houses—
(a) Seating 25 persons or less 25.00
Cb) Over 25 persons: for each and
every seat 1.00
Coupes, public 1.00
Deadly weapons, dealers in 25.00
Delicatessen stores 5.00
Distillers 500.00
Dispensaries, medical 20.00
Drain layers 6.00
Drivers of public passenger horse
drawn vehicles 1.00
Drug stores 5.00
Dry cleaners-
Tanks of 550 gallon or less ca-
pacity, each 5.00
Tanks of 551 to 1.065 gallon ca-
pacity, each 7.60
Each 1.000 gallons in excess of
1.065 gallons 2.50
Minimum fee of 25.00
Electrical contractor, certificate ol
registration (renewal 810.00).... 26.00
Employment agency (state fee) 50.00
Engineers, stationary 2.0(
Explosives, (gunpowder, etc.). sale or
use of 25.00
Filling stations-
Kerosene only, per tank 3.00
Tanks or containers of 100 gallon
or less capacity '5.00
Tanks or containers of 101 to 400
gallon capacity 15.00
Tanks or containers of 401 to 1.065
gallon capacity 25.00
Tanks or containers of over 1,065
gallon capacity, 825.00 for first
1.065 gallons and 825.00 for each
additional 1.065 gallons or frac-
tional part.
Portable tanks 15.00
Fireworks, sale of 10.00
Fireworks, permit to discharge 10.00
Fishing (state fee) —
For each 100 yards of seine or less
(except minnow seines) 10.25
For each dip net «.... 1.10
For each hoop net 1.10
For each fyke net 1.10
For each basket or trap net .60
For each tteam tug used in operat-
ing gill or pound nets 26.26
For each gasoline launch used in
operating gill or pound nets 16.25
For each sailboat or rowboat used
in operating gill or pound nets.. 10.25
Fish market, wholesale 26.00
Fitness, certificates of (for handling
high explosives) 5.00
Fitness, certificates of (for handling
oils. etc.. in dry cleaning estab-
lishments) 5.00
Rate.
Garages 825.00
Hacks, public 2.50
Homes 1.00
Hospitals 50.00
House movers, raisers and shorers. . . . 50.00
Hunting (state fee) 1.00
Ice cream parlor:
(a) Seating 8 persons or less 25.00
(b) Seating 9 to 24 persons 50.00
(c) Seating 25 to 50 persons 100.00
(d) Seating 51 to 75 persons 150.00
(e) Seating 76 to 100 persons 200.00
(f) More than 100 persons 500.00
Ice dealers, retail, per wagon 10.00
Junk dealers, retail 100.00
Junk dealers, wholesale 100.00
Junk wagons, each 10.00
tLiquors. malt, wholesale (one to
six gallons) 50.00
tLiquors, malt, wholesale (more
than six gallons at a time) 500.00
tLiquors. spirituous, wholesale 100.00
tLiquors. vinous, wholesale 50.00
tLiquors, malt and vinous, in amuse-
ment places (by special permit).
per day 6.00
Livery stables 15.00
Lumber yards '. 100.00
Marriage (county) 1.50
Mason contractor (renewal 825.00) . 50.00
Meat food products establishment — 20.00
Milk dealers 10.00
Milk peddlers, per wagon 10.00
Motor bicycles and motor tricycles
(wheel tax) 3.00
*Motor bicycles (state fee) 4.00
Moving picture films, permit for ex-
hibition of, each 1.00
Moving picture films, storage of:
500 cubic feet. 10 cents per foot;
minimum 60.00
Excess of 500 cubic feet, 7c per
cubic ft.
Moving picture operators (original) 3.00
Moving picture operators (renewal) 2.00
Moving picture operators (assistant) 1.00
Natatoriums and swimming pools... 15.00
Omnibuses, public 6.00
Operators of public motor vehicles
(original) 2.00
Operators of public motor vehicles
(renewal) 1.00
Pawnbrokers 500.00
Peddlers— Basket 10.00
Coal, charcoal and coke 5.00
Fish (Thursdays and Fridays only) 15.00
Hand oart 25.00
Oil, per wagon 10.00
Pack 15.00
Wagon, each 60.00
Wood, per wagon 10.00
Plumbers, master or employing (re-
newal 810.00) 50.00
Plumbers, journeymen 1.00
Public cart, automobile ("express")
each -10.00
Public cart, horse-drawn ("express")
each 1.00
Public passe.iger horse-drawn vehi-
cles (not on stands) 6.00
Rendering tanks, each 20.00
Restaurants 15.00
Roofers, wagon, each ,. 10.00
Sale stable 25.00
Saloon or dramshop 1,000.00
Scavengers, night 60.00
Scavengers, offal 100.00
Scavengers, private, per wagon 5.00
Second-hand dealers 50.00
Shooting galleries 25.00
Slaughtering, rendering, etc 300.00
Soan factories 160.00
Spotter 5.00
Tanneries 50.00
ADVERTISEMENTS. 971
THE ARNOLD COMPANY
ENGINEERS- CONSTRUCTORS
ELECTRICAL— CIVIL -MECHANICAL
105 SOUTH LASALLE STREET
CHICAGO
REPORTS
Valuations of public utilities for rate cases and franchise
negotiations. Reports and estimates on engineering projects.
ENGINEERING
Specifications and plans for complete properties, railroad
shops, industrial plants, irrigation projects, hydro-electric
properties, interurban railway systems.
CONSTRUCTION
Creation of complete properties, supplementing report and
engineering work with the purchase and installation of all
materials and equipment necessary for the construction and
preliminary operation of the finished plant — all under one
contract agreement.
Electric Lighting Specialties
Industrial Lighting Equipment
Panel Boards and Cabinets
Punch Press Safety Devices
Marine Lighting and Signaling
Apparatus
Enameled Steel Specialties Benjamin Two- Way
Benjamin Reflectors for correct Metal Stampings and Drawn Work Plug— makes two
Industrial Lighting Industrial Signals sockets out of one
BENJAMIN ELECTRIC MFG. Co.
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO
ALBAUGH -DOVER CO.
2100 Marshall Blvd., Chicago. Phone Rockwell 6800
Manufacturers of
BUTTERFLY Cream Separators
BUTTERFLY Electric Washers
SPUR — SPIRAL — HELICAL— BEVEL— MITRE—
INTERNAL— WORM OR WORM WHEELS.
972
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Rate.
Taxidermist (state) $5.00
Tenders, boiler or water 1.00
Ticker 1.00
Trapping (state) 1.00
Undertakers 10.00
Undertakers' assistant (permit) 5.00
Vehicles, horse-drawn (wheel tax) —
One horse 5.00
Two horse 10.00
Three horse 15.00
Pour horse 25.00
Six (or more) horse 35.00
Rate.
Weighers, public $10.00
Window cleaner 50.00
Workshops 2.00
Note— Further information relative to licenses
may be obtained by addressing1 James T. Igoe.
city clerk, room 107-8 city hall, phone main
•Automobile and motor bicycl* fees (state)
as above noted are for the calendar year 1920.
tLiquor licenses in force before prohibition
amendment .became effective.
THE SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO.
Offices— iRoom 700, 910 S. Michigan avenue.
President— Charles H. Sergei.
Clerk — Lawrence F. King.
Treasurer — George M. .Reynolds.
Chief Engineer— George M. Wisner.
Electrical Engineer— G. S. Brack.
Attorney— C. Arch Williams.
Board of Trustees— Terms expire in 1920:
Wallace G. Clark, R.; George W. Paullin. R.;
Patrick J. Carr. D. Terms expire in 1922
Charles H. Sergei. R.; James H. Lawley, R.;
Matthias A. Mueller. R. Terms expire in
1924: William J. Healy. R.: Willis O. Nance.
R.: Harry E. Littler. R.
Salaries— President. $7,500: trustees, $5.000:
chief engineer, $11.000; electrical engineer,
$6,000; attorney. $10.000.
CHRONOLOGY.
First investigation made in 1885.
Sanitary bill signed May 29. 1889.
Sanitary district organized Jan. 18, 1890.
Earth broken ("shovel day") Sept. 3, 1892.
Lake water turned into canal Jan. 2. 1900.
Formal opening of canal Jan. 17. 1900.
DIMENSIONS OF CANALS.
Length of main and power channel, 39.16
Length* of river, lake to Robey street. 6 miles.
Length of river diversion channel, 13 miles.
Width main channel, Robey street to Summit:
Bottom. 160 feet; top, 198.
Width main channel. Summit to Willow
Springs: Bottom, 202 feet; top, 225.
Width main channel. Willow Springs to Lock-
port (rock section): Bottom, 160 feet; top.
162.
Width river diversion channel: Bottom, 200
fept
Minimum depth of water in main channel, 22
feet.
Current in earth sections. 1% miles per hour.
Current in rock sections, 1.9 miles per hour.
Present capacity of canal. 600.000 cubic feet
per minute.
Total amount of excavation, 44,005,647 cubic
yards.
The north shore channel, extending1 Irom
Lawrence avenue to Lake Michigan, in the
village of Wiliuette, is aoout H nuies long with
a water depth of 13.6 feet.
The construction of the Calumet-Sag canal
to take care of the Calumet region sewage
was begun in the summer of lull. When
completed it will be lt> miles long. Its esti-
mated cost is $14.000.000.
REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES.
From Organization to Dec. 31. 1918.
Revenues.
Taxation
Bonds outstanding
Anticipation tax warrants
outstanding
Interest on loans
Interest on bank balance
Interest on deferred payments.
Land revenue
Water service
From electrical department....
Working capital
Replacement funds
Interest on investment
Interest on loans
Interest during construction.
Profits transferred
Earnings invested in plants. .
Miscellaneous
Expenditures.
Interest
Electrical department
Capital investment
Interest on replacement funds
Right pf way. construction,
operation, etc
.Administration and general....
Emergency funds
Due from city of Chicago
Others
Cash on Dec. 31, 1918
$80.563,456.12
14.875.000.00
3,000.000.00
515.530.18
616.334.83
133.131.34
942.690.91
118.012.69
4.930,950.13
279,849 69
1.214.962.84
1.512.443.89
5,072.38
282,291.49
602.298.47
1.034.031.37
11.495.19
105.706,600.39
16.767.308.09
4.628.702.99
4.448.710.49
179.992.50
70.504.644.51
7.366.963.44
20.000.00
5,030.052.19
235,099.43
1.153.829.74
105.706,600.39
CHICAGO IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
IMPORTS BY FISCAL
YEARS.
Year
1910.
1911.
19.12.
1913.
1914.
Value.
.. $28.281.331
.. 28.089.068
.. 30.278.600
.. 33.284,156
.. 35.195.487
Year
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
Value.
.. $27.140.369
. 26.944.230
.. 30,144.080
.. 33.208.375
.. 38.500,647
EXPORTS BY
LAKE
(1918).
Value of domestic merchandise exported di-
rectly from the port of Chicago during the
calendar year 1918:
Coun
Canada
Oats
Rye
Whea
tries and articles
— Breadstuffs. c<
)rn
Values.
$1,588.105
18 158 383
329 910
t ..
...42.269.930
Countries and articles. Values.
Vegetable fiber, mf rs. of— Burlap bag $27 900
Binder twine 2.886.930
Fruits— Apricots, dried 2.513
Peaches, dried 653
Prunes, dried 663
Raisins 5,531
Oils— Fuel oil 729,587
Total Canada 65,999.460
France — Army supplies 2,307,175
Vegetable fiber, mf rs. of,
Cordage 22,385
Meat products— Canned beef 2,603.854
Total France 4,933,414
Grand total 70,932.864
ADVERTISEMENTS.
973
Established 1844
Incorporated 1904
Long Distance Phone Randolph 3421
Private Exchange to All Departments
SHARP & SMITH
W. N. Sharp, Pres.
MAKERS AND EXPORTERS OF
Surgical and
Veterinary
Instruments
Hospital and
Invalid Supplies
Elastic Stockings and Supporters, Artificial Limbs, Trusses, Deformity Apparatus,
Optical and Electrica^ Goods, Manicure and Pedicure Instruments.
65 E. Lake Street
Between Wabash Ave. and Michigan Blvd., Chicago, 111.
BEAUTIFUL ELECTRIC LAMPS
in Qreat Variety
Newest Creations in
Lamps for every pur-
pose and every purse
are shown in our spa-
cious display rooms.
Piano Lamps
Library, Table and Bou-
doir Lamps, Silk Shades
in endless variety.
Everything Electrical
always on display at
COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY
ELECTRIC SHOPS
72 WEST ADAMS STREET
448N.ParksideAye. 4523 Broadway 3127 Logan Blvd. 9163 South Chicago' Ave,
All Phones Randolph 1280 — Federal Coupons Given Free With All Purchases
974 ADVERTISEMENT.
SOME REASONS
WHY YOU SHOULD
REGISTER YOUR PROPERTY
UNDER THE
TORRENS SYSTEM
By JOSEPH F. HAAS, Registrar of Titles of Cook County
What is the Torrens System in Cook County? It is
a system of registering the title of land, with a guar-
antee by the people of Cook County that the title as
registered is correct.
It is the modern, up=to=date method of holding and
transferring title to real estate.
BECAUSE
1. Cook County guarantees each Torrens title with three
billion dollars af taxable assets.
2. The Indemnity Fund of over fifty thousand dollars in-
sures the immediate cash payment of any damages sustained.
3. . Protection is given owners against judgments rendered
against people of the same or similar name.
4. Special protection is afforded against tax sales and tax
deeds.
5. Owners are protected against fraudulent signatures on
deeds or other instruments.
6. Adverse possession does not run against land registered
under the Torrens System.
7. A Torrens Certificate of Title is conclusive evidence of
good and valid title.
8. Defects in title are wiped out forever by initial regis-
tration.
9. Transfers may be made in one-third the time required
under other systems.
10. The transfer fee is only $3.00 no matter what the value
,may be of the property transferred.
11. The Circuit Court of Cook County retains a continuing
jurisdiction for the purpose of protecting the title to Torrens
property.
12. No statute of limitations runs against the guarantee
of a Torrens Certificate.
ADVERTISEMENT. 975
Cook County Guarantees
REAL ESTATE OWNERS
LAWYERS, BROKERS
AND LAYMEN
PROMPT AND EFFICIENT SERVICE
BY THE OFFICE OF THE
RECORDER OF DEEDS
TORRENS LAND CERTIFICATES
Absolutely guarantee title to land when registered.
Under this system, transfers and loans can be closed
without cost to the seller within forty-eight hours.
THE COUNTY ABSTRACT PLANT
Furnishes merchantable abstracts of title 40% cheaper
than prices charged by abstract companies.
PETER REINBERG, JOSEPH F. HAAS,
President Cook County Board. Recorder of Deeds.
976
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
CHICAGO STREET NUMBERING GUIDE.
Numbers on the north and south streets where
they are Intersected by the principal east and
2000 Jeffery-av.
8100 Oahokla-av.
ffif SSL*
west streets and numbers on the east and west
2200 Paxton-av.
1600 Ashiand-bd.
streets where they are intersected by the prin-
300 Crandon-av.
1700 Paulina.
cipal north and south streets are given here-
with. Numbered streets are omitted, as their
4uO Yates-av.
2500 Essex-av.
1734 Hermltage-av.
1800 Wood.
location is indicated by their names.
2600 Colfax-av.
1835 Honore.
North from Madison. 6000 Peterson-av.
2700 Marquette-av.
1900 Lincoln.
1 Madison.
6100 JNorwood-av.
1800 Burnham-av.
1935 Winchester-ay.
100 Washington.
6200 Granville-av.
;y<JO Escanaba-av.
2000 Robey.
160 Randolph.
6300 Rosemont-av.
000 Commercial-ay.
2035 Seeley-av.
200 Lake.
6400 Devon-av.
3100 Baltimore-av.
2100 Hoyne-av.
800 South Water.
6700 North Shore-av.
3200 Brandon-av.
2200 Leavitt.
400 Kiuzie.
6800 Pratt-av.
3300 Buffalo-ay.
2300 Oakley-bd.
430 Austin-ay.
6900 Farwell-av.
8400 Green Bay-av.
2400 Western-av.
600 Illinois.
6944 Morse-av.
W£8t ffOTTl St&tC,
2500 Campbell-ay.
530 Grand-ay.
•00 Ohio.
MO Ontario.
7000 Lunt-av.
7100 Estes-av.
7200 Keuilworth-av.
I State.
50 Dearborn-st.
2600 Rockwell.
2700 Washtenaw-av.
2800 Califomia-av.
C60 Erie.
7300 Chase-av.
100 Clark.
2900 Francisco-av.
TOO Huron.
7400 Juniata-Bt.
150 LaSalle.
3000 Sacramento-av.
780 Superior.
7500 Birch wood-av.
200 Wells.
3100 Albany-av.
800 Chicago-ay.
7548 Howard.
800 Franklin.
3200 Kedzle-av.
848 Chestnut.
887 Brenan-st.
840 Walton-pi.
1000 Oak.
7548 City limits.
South, from Maditon.
1 Madison.
100 Monroe.
800 'Franklin.
340 'Orleans.
360 Market.
400 'Sedgwick.
412 The river.
3300 Spaulding-av.
3356 Homan-av.
3501 St. Louis-av.
3553 Central Park-ay.
3800 Hamlin-av.
noo Maple.
200 Adams.
434 'Townsend.
$900 Sprlngfleld-tv.
1149 Elm.
1200 Division.
1800 Goethe.
232 Quincy.
300 Jackson-bd.
400 Van Boreo.
460 'Milton-ay.
500 Canal.
530 'Larrabee.
4000 Crawfurd-av.
4100 Karlov-av.
4200 Keeler-av.
1400 Schiller.
1600 Burton-pi.
1636 Germania-pl.
500 Congress.
600 Harrison.
700 East 7th.
640 Clinton.
600 Jefferson.
640 Desplaines.
4300 Klldare-av.
4400 Kostner-av.
4500 Kilbourn-av.
1COO North-ay.
800 Polk.
700 Union.
4600 Kenton-av
1TOO Eugenie.
1800 Menomonee.
900 East 9th.
1000 Taylor.
700 'Orchard.
800 Halsted.
4700 Kilpatrick-aT.
4800 Cicero-av.
1900 Wisconsin.
1100 East llth.
839 Green.
4900 Lamon-av.
SOOO Center.
1^00 Roosevelt-rd.
900 Peoria.
5000 Lavergne-ay.
8100 Garneld-av.
East from State.
932 Sangamon.
5100 Leclaire-av.
noo Webster-ay.
(North of river.)
1000 Morgan.
5200 Laramie-av.
8800 Belden-av.
1 State.
1000 'Sheffield-av.
5234 Latrobe-av.
1400 Fullerton-pky.
40 Cass.
1032 Carpenter.
5300 Lockwood-av.
2460 Arlington-pi. .
X473 Roslyn-pl.
S601 St. James-pi.
100 Rush.
112 To-wer-ct.
140 Lincoln Park-bd.
1034 'Osgood.
1100 Curtis.
1100 'Seminary-ay.
5334 Lorel-av.
5400 Long-av.
5440 Lotus-av.
2630 Deming-pl.
201 tit. Clair.
1111 Aberdeen.
5500 Pine-av.
8600 Wrightwood-av.
300 Fairbanks-ct.
1132 May.
5600 Central-av.
2701 Sherman-pi.
326 'Lake Shore drive.
1134 'Clifton-ay.
5644 Parkside-av.
2800 Diversey-pky.
'At Chicago-av.
1164 Ann.
5700 Waller-av.
2901 York-pi.
2932 Oakdale-av.
8000 Wellington-ay.
8100 Barry-av..
3200 Belmont-ay.
8800 School.
East from State.
(South of river.)
1 State.
46 Wabash.
100 Michigan-ay.
1200 Raclne-av.
1248 Elizabeth.
1300 Throop.
1400 'Southport-av.
1401 Loomis.
1408 Sheldon.
5800 Menard-av.
6900 Mayfield-av.
5938 Mason-av.
5968 N. Austin-av.
•North side only.
3400 lloscoe
200 ludiana-av.
3600 Cornelia.
3538 Eddy.
300 Prairie-av.
344 Calumet-av.
HOUSE NUMBER SYSTEM IN CHICAGO.
3iOO Addlson
400 South Park-ay.
The present house number system In Chicago
8700 Waveland.
8800 Grace.
435 Vernon-av.
500 Vincenues-av.
was established by an ordinance passed June 22.
1908. and effective Sept. 1. 1909. This applied to
3900 Bvron
633 Rhodes-av.
all streets except those between the river. 12th
4000 Irving' Park-bd.
4100 Belle Plaine-av.
4200 Berteau-av.
600 St. Lawrence-av.
634 Champlain-av.
700 Langley-av.
734 Evaus-av.
street and the lake. Sept. 20. 1910. the city
council passed an amendment to the ordinance
making It applicable to the entire city. The
change in the business district went into effect
4400 Montroee-av.
4500 Sunnyside-av.
4600 Wilson-av.
4700 Leland-av.
4800 Lawrence-av.
4900 Ainslie
834 Maryland-av.
900 Drexel-av.
934 Ingleslde-av.
1000 Ellis-av.
1100 Greenwood-ay.
1152 Woodlawn-av.
April 1. 1911. The system Is laid oat on two
base lines, State street dividing the east and
west streets and Madison street the north and
south streets. Numbers are assigned on the
basis of 800 to the mile or 100 to the prevailing
block of 660 feet or one-eighth of a mile.
6000 Argyle.'
6100 Carmen-ay.
1300 Klmbark-av.
1334 Kenwood-av.
CHICAGO WARDS AND ALDERMEN.
6200 Foster-ay.
1400 Dorchester-av.
Number of. since 1837.
6300 Berwyn-av.
1434 Dante-av.
Alder-
Alder.
6400 Balmoral-av.
6600 Cntalpa-av.
6«00 Bryn Mawr-av.
1500 Blackstone-av.
1600 Stony Island-ay.
1831 Cornell-av.
Year. Wards, men.
1837-1838. . 6 10
1839-1846. . 6 12
Year. Wards, men.
1869-1875.... 20 40
1876*-1888...18 3d
6700 Hollywood-av.
1700 East End-ay.
1847-1856. . 9 18
1888-1889.... 24 48
6730 Edgewater-av.
5800 Victoria.
6900 Thorndale-av.
6938 Ridge-av.(at Clark)
1735 Ridgeland-av.
1800 Cregier-av.
1900 Bald win -ay.
1934 Buclld-AV.
1857-1862. .10 20 1889-1901. .. .34 O8
1863-1869. .16 32 1901-1919.... 35 70
•Under the general incorporation act of 187B
Chicago was divided into eighteen wards.
ADVERTISEMENT.
977
A Remarkable
Record*
IN recognition of the results obtained from
safety measures in practice on the Chicago Elevated
Railroads, the American Museum of Safety in 1916 awarded
"Honorable Mention" to the Chicago Elevated Railroads in the Brady
Medal contest among electric railroads.
Eleven years without one
fatal accident
One billion nine hundred millions of passen-
gers— equivalent nearly to the population of the world
— have been carried by the Chicago Elevated Railroads during
eleven years without a single fatal accident while on their trains.
Safety first, last and always is the constant
watchword of the Elevated management. Civic pride
alone, aside from individual interest, should induce Elevated
patrons to co-operate in the elimination and prevention even of minor
accidents.
SAFETY
SERVICE
SPEED
COURTESY
978
ADVERTISEMENT.
WHERE TO GO AND WHAT TO SEE AND
HOW TO GET THERE ON THE ELEVATED
NORTH WESTERN Evanston.
UNIVERSITY See the
great gymnasium and nevy
dormitory system. Take Evans-
ton trains on Northwestern
Elevated, get off at Davis
Street Station and walk east
about one-half mile.
UNIVERSITY 58th Street and
OF CHICAGO Ellis Avenue.
Take Jackson Park Trains on
South Side Elevated, get off
at University Station and
walk one-fourth mile north.
UNION STOCK The largest
YARDS packing cen-
ter in the United States.
Obtain a grand bird's-eye view
of the Yards from the elevated
trains. Take South Side Ele-
vated Trains to Indiana Av-
enue Station and transfer to
Stock Yards Trains. The large
packing houses furnish guides
to conduct visitors through the
packing plants.
City Parks
GRANT 205 acres. Logan
PARK Monument, Art In-
stitute, Spirits of the Great
Lakes Fountain. Directions:
Take Metropolitan, Chicago &
Oak Park or South Side Ele-
vated to Adams and Wabash
(Loop) and walk one block
east, or Northwestern Ele-
vated to State, Dearborn and
Van Buren (Loop") and walk
two blocks east. This park
is reached by all elevated
lines*
JACKSON 543 acres. Site of
PARK World's Fair. Field
Museum of Natural History,
Rose Gardens, the Convent of
La Rabida, golf courses and
yacht harbor. Jackson Park
Station. South Side Elevated
Jackson Park Trains.
WASHINGTON 371 acres.
PARK . Largest ath-
letic field in the world. Twelve
baseball diamonds, free ex-
hibition games, beautiful walks
and drives. Station, 51st or
55th street. South Side,
Jackson Park or Englewood
Trains. Walk one and one-
half blocks east.
GARFIELD 188 acres. Largest
PARK conservatory in
the world. Beautiful landscape
gardening. Golf, tennis and
boating. Station, Garfleld
Park. Metropolitan Garfield
Park Trains or Chicago &
Oak Park Trains.
UNION 18 acres. Lawn ten-
PARK nis and wading la-
goon. Ashland Station. Chi-
cago & Oak Park Trains.
HUMBOLDT 206 acres. The
PARK most perfect
rose garden in the United
States ; famous statues of
heroes, statesmen and war-
riors ; fish hatching. Hum-
boldt Station. Metropolitan
Humboldt Park Trains.
DOUGLAS Immense floral
PARK garden ; pictur-
esque water court ; park of
open spaces. Douglas Park
Station. Metropolitan Doug-
las Park Trains.
LINCOLN 517 acres. Zoo with
PARK 1,800 animals ;boat-
ing; bathing; Academy of
Sciences and yacht harbor.
Sedgwick Station. Northwest-
ern. Ravenswood or Wilson
Local Trains. Direction: five
blocks east.
OGDEN 61 acres. Recreation
PARK buildings, assembly
hall, clubhouse, outdoor gym-
nasium, swimming pool and
athletic field. Racine Aye.
Station. Englewood Trains
South Side Elevated.
Public Buildings
FIELD MUSEUM OF
NATURAL Location, Jack-
HISTORY son Park. $6.000.-
000 collection divided into four
departments: Anthropology,
Botany, Geology and Zoology.
Main building covers nine
acres. Open daily, free Sat-
urdays and Sundays. Jackson
Park Station. Jackson Park
Branch, South Side Elevated.
ART Michigan Boule-
INSTITU TE vard and Adams
Street. Among the first three
or four art institutes in the
country. Adams and Wabash
(Loop). Metropolitan, South
Side and Oak Park Trains;
walk one block east. North-
western Trains to State-Dear-
born Station and transfer to
Loop Local. Open free Wednes-
days, Saturdays and Sundays.
CITY HALL AND Clark and
COUNTY BLDG. Randolph
Streets. Clark and Lake
(Loop). All Metropolitan,
South Side and Oak Park
Trains. All Northwestern
Trains to Randolph and Fifth
Avenue and transfer to Loop
Local. Walk one block south.
POST OFFICE AND
FEDERAL Clark, Adams,
BUILDING Dearborn Streets
and Jackson Blvd. -All Metro-
politan, Northwestern and Oak
Park Trains to State and
Dearborn (Loop) : walk one
block north. South Side
Trains to Adams and Wabash
(Loop) and walfc two blocks
west.
MUNICIPAL MUSEUM
AND CHICAGO Randolph
PUBLIC LIBRARY S t r eet
and Michigan Boulevard. Ran-
dolph and Wabash Station on
the Loop. All "L" Trains.
One block east.
BOARD OF Jackson Boule-
TRADE vard and LaSalle
Street. LaSalle and Van
Buren Station on the Loop.
All "L" Trains. One block
north.
Amusement Parks
WHITE 63d Street and South
CITY Park Avenue. South
Park Station. South Side
Jackson Park Trains.
FOREST Harrison Street
PARK and Des Plaines
Avenue. Des Plaines Avenue
Station. Metropolitan Garfield
Park Trains.
RAVIN I A Ravinia. North-
PARK western Evanston
Train to Central Street Sta-
tion. North Shore Line direct
to Ravinia Park.
Baseball Parks
WHITE SOX 35th Street and
PARK Shields Avenue.
35th Street Station. South
Side Trains. Five blocks west.
CUBS Addison and Clark
PARK Streets. Addison Sta-
tion. Northwestern Trains.
One block west.
Bathing Beaches
CLARENDON MU= Claren-
NICIPAL BEACH don and
Sunnyside Avenues. Wilson
Avenue Station. Northwestern
Evanston or Wilson Trains.
Four blocks east, one block
south. Largest and finest
beach in Chicago.
WILSON Wilson Avenue and
BEACH Lake. Wilson Av-
enue Station. Northwestern
Evanston or Wilson Trains.
Four blocks east. /
JACKSON PARK MUNIC-
IPAL 60th Street and
BEACH Lake. Jackson Park
Station. South Side Jackson
Park Trains. Three blocks
north and east to Lake.
ADVERTISEMENT.
979
All Electric
All the Way
from Chicago
to Milwaukee
QUICK, clean, dependable service
and a delightfully enjoyable trip
with beautiful scenery and scores of
notable points of interest all along
the route — that's what it rneans to
travel via this North Shore line.
A train every hour —
on the hour —
from Adams and
Wabash ave.
This Map Shows Only a Few of
the Many Points of Interest
Dining car service at reasonable
prices
CHICAGO NORTH SHORE
& MILWAUKEE R. R.
66 West Adams Street
Phone Central 3280
,i
EG AN
//IPIH/I'mili
NORTH CHI
Plllfll l! I' I ! , I |i I
NAVALSTATION
HiHIHl
UAKE.BLU
|
"nn
ERIDAN
980
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
FOREIGN ORDERS CONFERRED ON CHICAGOANS.
Abrahamson, Rev. L. G.— Royal North Star.
Sweden.
Adams. Mil ward— Legion of Honor, France; Leo-
pold, Belgium; Crown, Italy; White Elephant
(officer). Slam; Savior (officer), Greece; Mcham
Iftikhar (commander), Tunis; Merit Agricole
(commander) , Portugal.
Andreen. Rev. Gustav— Royal North Star. Swe-
den.
Antonsen, Carl— Dannebrog (knight), Denmark.
Barasa. Bernard P. — Crown (chevalier), Italy.
Biankini, Anton— St. Sava. Jugo Slavia.
Birkhoff, George. Jr.— Orange-Nassau (officer),
Holland.
Bjorn. Emil— St. Olaf, Norway.
Burry, William — Legion of Honor, France.
Burton. Le Grand S.— Legion of Honor (cheva-
lier). France.
Chatfield-Taylor. Hobart C.— Isabella the Cath-
olic. Spain; Garter, Spain; St. James, Portu-
gal; Legion of Honor, France: Crown of
Italy and Knighthood of SS. Maurice and
Lazarus. Italy.
Cooley, Edwin G.— Francis Joseph. Austria.
Cuueo, Frank- Crown (chevalier), Italy.
Cutting. Starr W.— Crown (class III.). Prussia.
Dan, Rev. Adam— Dannebrog (knight), Denmark.
Daae, Dr. A.— St. Olaf, Norway.
Dawes. Charles G.— Legion of Honor (cheva-
lier). France; Order of Leopold, Belgium
Deeriag. Charles— Legion of
Crown (class III.). Prussia.
Honor. France;
Dtsvries. Herman— Officer of Academy and Officer
of Public Instruction. France; Nlcham Iftikhar
(officer). Tunis.
D'Urso. Luigi— Crown (chevalier). Italy.
Eddy. Arthur J.— Red Eagle (class III.). Prussia.
Erlcson. John E.— Royal Order of Vasa. Sweden.
Fischer. Gustave F.— Red Eagle (class IV.).
Prussia.
Forgan, James B. — Order of St. Sava. Serbia.
Frantzen. Fritz — Dannebrog (knight). Denmark.
Furber, Harry J.— Legion of Honor. France.
Guenrel, Louis— Crown (class IV.), Prussia.
Gass, Martin — Lion of Zaeringen. Baden.
Grevstad, Nicolay— St. Olaf, Norway.
Bachmeister. Henry— Red Eagle (class IT.).
Prussia.
Halle. Edward G.— Crown (class II.), Prussia.
Hanson, Christian H.— Dannebrog (knight). Den-
mark.
Henius, Dr. Max — Dannebrog (commander). Den-
mark.
Henrotin, Mrs. Ellen M.— Leopold, Belgium;
Palmes Academiques, France; Officer of Public
Instruction, France; Chefakat (Order of Mer-
cy). Turkey.
Hertz. Henry— Dannebrog (knight). Denmark.
Henschen, Henry S.— Royal Order of Vasa. Swe-
den.
Hurley. E. N.— Order of Chioho. China.
Hutchinson. Charles L.— Redeemer. Greece.
Judson .prof. Harry Pratt-Red Eagle (class
' IrU8Sl<: Leei<°Honor (offieer>- *«£*•
^
der
- •
Verdienst Kreu»
"Militaer Kreuz" and "Ju
Austria: Takova Orden
f ' Camill°
Eagle (class IV.).
gozminskl i M . W.-Legion of Honor. France.
Kraus. Adolf— Francis Joseph. Austria
Lagorio. Dr. Antonio— Crown (knight)' Italy
Lewis. James Hamilton-Crown (officer), Bel-
gium (declined).
Lindgren. John R.— Royal Order of Vasa, Swe-
den.
Laverde, Giuseppe-Crown (chevalier), Italy.
Malato Stephen A.— Crown (chevalier), Italy.
Mareschalchi. Arturo— Crown (chevalier). Italy.
Miller. Harry I.-Order of the Sacred Treasure
Japan.
ELEVATION OF CHICAGO
Mean sea level or mean tide at New York is
the standard plane to which all elevations in
the United States are referred, and the figures
here given are heights above that plane. They
are from the official records of the United
States lake survey which have been maintained
since 1860. The monthly mean surface of
Lake Michigran has varied from 583.57 in
June. 1886. to 578.98 in December. 1895, The
annual mean surface has varied from 582.96
in 1886 to 579.47 in 1896.
The actual fluctuations in water surface from
which these means are obtained have a much
larger range and the immediate change in a
few hours is often as exeat as two feet. The
mean level of Lake Michigran from 1860 to
1914 (the average of all monthly means) was
583 .20. and for the period from 1860 to
1875 it was 581.63. indicating- that the mean
level remains about the same, although the
daily, monthly and annual fluctuations may be
McCprmick. Mrs. R. S.-Chefakat (Order of Mer-
cy), Turkey.
McEwen. Walter— Legion of Honor. France.
Nelson. H. P.-St. Olaf. Norway.
Nelson, N. A.— Royal Order of Vasa. Sweden.
Nuyttens. A.— Leopold II. (chevalier). Belgium,
Onahan William J.— Chamberlain of the Sword
and Mantle, pope.
Osland. Bergrer— St. Olaf, Norway.
Peterson. W. A.-Royal Order of Vasa. Sweden.
Reichle, C.— Crown (class IV.). Prussia.
Revell. Alexander H.— Legion of Honor (cheva-
lier). France.
Rubens. Harry— Crown (class III.), Prussia.
Russo. Peter— Co wn (chevalier), Italy.
Sanborn. Joseph B.— Legion of Honor, France;
Leopold, Belgium.
Schinkel. C.— Crown (class IV.), Prussia.
Schlenker, Joseph— Frederick (class II.). Wuert-
temberg; Crown (class IV.). Prussia.
Schmidt, William— Crown (class IV.), Prussia.
Skiff. Frederick J. V.— Sanctified Treasure (claM
II.). Japan: Legion of Honor (commander),
France: Crown. Italy; Leopold. Belgium.
Smulski. John F.— Cross of Knightly Order of
Francis Joseph. Austria.
Starr. Prof. Frederick— Leopold II. (commander).
Belgium; Knight Commander. Liberia.
Streyckmans, Felix J.— Crown (knight). Bel-
gium.
Tree. Lambert— Leopold (commander). Belgium
Urbano. Salvatore— Crown (chevalier). Italy.
Urgos. Francesco— Crown (chevalier), Italy.
Vpllni. Dr. Camillo-Crown (knight). Italy.
Vopicka. Charles J.— Grand Cross of the Star.
Roumania; Grand Cordon of the White
Eagle. Serbia.
Ziegfeld. Carl— Officer of French Academy of
Public Instruction and Fine Arts, France.
Ziegfeld, Dr. F.— Legion of Honor (chevalier),
France.
AND LAKE MICHIGAN.
quite large. The highest known monthly
mean was in 1838 — 584.7— and the lowest was
in 1819 — 578.0 — these being: somewhat indeter-
minate. The United States lake survey has
adopted as a standard low water lor reference
of soundings on its charts 578.5, a little high-
er than the lowest ever known as a monthly
mean.
The Chicag-o city datum is 579.94 and this
plane is used in most local works, including-
the harbor improvements made by the United
States. This is about one foot above the low-
est monthly mean of recent years and 1.26
feet below the mean level 1860-1914.
For general purposes the level of Lake Mich-
igan should be taken as being somewhere be-
tween 581 and 582 feet. The heights of land
in Chicago vary from 590 to 652 (Galewood)
but the averaere may be placed at about 600
feet. The downtown section runs from 586
to 593 feet.
ADVERTISEMENT. 981
How the Great Bell
Telephone System Started
and How and Why It Must
Continue to Grow
A great discovery is made.
It will benefit all men in their business, domestic
and social affairs.
No one person has the means to promote and
operate it.
A medium must be created by which many may
join with their brains and money to put the dis-
covery into use for the service of the public.
To meet just such cases the law provides for
a corporation, a thing devised for the purpose of
putting little sums of money together, through
the issuance of bonds and stocks, to form what is
known as capital, with which to do big things that
the little sums cannot do alone.
Small interests, shares in the corporation, are
sold to any one who has a little extra money, i. e.,
to the public, and the public buys in order that it
may secure for itself the benefits of the great
discovery.
The money realized by the corporation from
the sale of the bonds and shares goes into the
purchase of land, buildings, equipment and ap-
982 ADVERTISEMENT.
CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY— Continued
paratus for adapting the great discovery to the
use of all the people.
When the plant is ready to serve the public,
rates are made and these the public pay for the
individual right to use the great discovery, in
their business and in their homes.
The rates must be high enough to pay the
wages of those who actually operate the business ;
to pay for the upkeep of the buildings, equipment
and apparatus ; to create a surplus for taking care
of emergencies, such as storm damage, for exam-
ple, which cannot be provided for in advance ; and
to pay the Wages of Capital, that is, the inter-
est on the bonds and dividends on the stock sold to
those who put their little sums of money in in the
first place to make the great discovery available
for their own use and for use of all the people.
Probably the most important obligation rest-
ing on the rate scale is the payment of the Wages
of Capital, because, as populations grow and as
business grows, they lean more heavily on the
great discovery, and in order'that it may expand far
enough and rapidly enough there must from time
to time be more capital, to meet the demands for
more buildings and more ground, more equip-
ment, more apparatus. Only by the continuous
investment of capital can the great discovery be
developed so as to meet the wants of the public.
ADVERTISEMENT. 983
CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY— Continued
Capital, principal, must have its wage, other-
wise it becomes unemployed. Unemployed capital
produces nothing for those to whom it belongs,
and this lack of production drives them to use it
up when paying for everyday necessities, food
clothing, fuel.
Now, unless a job looks safe— that is, unless the
rates charged for service are high enough to pay
the capital wage as well as the labor wage and
other charges — those who have capital will not
put it into the extensions necessary for the broad-
er use of the great discovery, for fear of losing it
and thus be left without either wage or capital.
The development of the great discovery must
not stop; its service must continue to flow un:
hindered for the benefit of all who need it.
The Telephone corporation is simply the trus-
tee which handles the business details incidental
to utilizing the great discovery : Paying the bills,
supervising and directing the operation, develop-
ing the personnel, studying the public welfare as
influenced by the great discovery and looking
about for new capital. It has but one end to serve,
the supplying of service to the public with funds
provided by the public.
Chicago Telephone Company
984
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CHICAGO T
TOWN OF WEST CHICAGO.
1915 1916 1917 1918
VX BATES.
1916. 1916. 1917. 1918.
School $1 81 $1.87 $1.84 $1.63
Total rate $5 92 96 39 86 58 $6 24
Park .. .41 .41 .40. .43
State 55 .80 .90 .76
TOWN OF LAKE.
County 59 .65 .62 .60
Total rate 6 61 6 10 6.15 6.85
Forest preserve 01 .02 .02 .06
State 55 .80 .90 .75
Sanitary .. .42 .38 .35 .40
County 59 65 62 .60
City .. 1.82 1.97 2.01 1.98
Forest preserve 01 .02 .02 ,06
School .. 1.81 1.87 1.84 1.63
Sanitary .. .42 .38 .35 .40
Park .... 72 .70 .84 .82 1
City 1 82 1 97 2.01 1.98
School 181 1.87 1.84 1.63
Total rate 5 61 6.10 6.16 5.86
TOWN OF LAKE VIEW.
State 55 .80 .90 .75
Total rate 5.91 6.48 6.50 6.21
County 59 .65 .62 .60
County 59 .65 .62 .60
Sanitary 42 .38 .35 .40
City .. 1.82 1.97 2.01 1.98
School 1 81 1 87 1 84 1 63
Forest preserve 01 .02 .02 .Off
Sanitary 42 .38 .35 .4»
City 1.82 1.97 2.01 1.98
Park 41 .41 .41 .43
TOWN OF NORTH CHICAGO.
School 1.81 1.87 1.84 1.63
Town 10 .10 .10 .11
Park . .55 .56 .59 .58
Total rate 5.91 6.48 6.50 6.21
Lincoln Pk. bond 06 .13 .07 .10
State ^... .55 .80 .90 .76
TOWN OF JEFFERSON
County 59 .65 .62 .60
Total rate 6 20 6 69 5 74 6 42
Forest preserve 01 .02 .02 .06
State 55 80 90 75
Sanitary 42 .38 .35 .40
County 59 .65 .62 .60
City 1.82 1.97 2.01 1.98
School . 1.81 1.87 1.84 1.63
Forest preserve 01 .02 .02 .06
Town .. 11 .12 .12 .14
City 1.82 1.97 2.01 1.98
Lake shore prot 01 .01 .03 —
Lincoln Pk bond .06 .13 .07 .10
School 1.81 1.87 1.84 1.63
Irving Pk. Dist.* 35 .41 .37 .46
TOWN OF HYDE PARK.
Total rate 6 61 6 10 6 15 6.85
Old Portagre Pk. Dist.* .47 .53 .55 .60
River Pk. Dist.* 02 14 .31
State •• 55 .80 .90 .75
Ravensw'd Man. Gar.* .44 .34 .31 .57
Albany Pk. Diat.* 24 .28
Forest preserve 01 02 .02 .06
•Additional.
Sanitary .42 .38 .35 .40
Note— Rates apply to the $100 assessed
City 1.82 1.97 2.01 1.98
valuation, which is one-third of the full value.
ASSESSMENT OF TAXABL
The following- is a statement of the valua-
tion of taxable real estate and personal prop-
erty and the amount of taxes levied each year
from 1837 to 1919. inclusive:
Real Personal Total
Year. estate. property. valuation.
1837 $236842
E PROPERTY IN CHICAGO.
Real Personal Total
Year. estate. property. valuation.
1870. $223.643.600 $62.342.950 $275.986.550
1871. 236.898.650 52.847.820 289.746.470
1872. 239.154.890 45.042.540 284.197.430
1873. 262.969.820 49.103.175 312.072.995
1874. 258.549.310 45.155.830 303.705.il40
1838 235 996 . 235 996
1875 125 468 COS 48 295 641 173 764 246
1839 94 803 94 803
1876. 128 832.403 39,165.754 167.998 157
1840 94437 94.437
1877. 116.082.533 32.317.615 148.400,148
1841. 127.024 $39.720 166.744
1842. 108.757 42.585 151.342
1843. 962.221 479.093 1,441.314
1844. 1.992.085 771.186 2.763.281
1845. 2.273,171 791.851 3.065.022
1846. 3.664.425 -857.231 4.521.656
1847. 4.995.466 853.704 5.849.170
1848. 4.998.266 1.302.174 6.300,440
1849. 5.181,637 1.495.047 6.676.684
1850. 5.685.965 1.534.284 7.220.249
1851. 6.804.262 1,758.455 8,562.717
1852. 8,190.769 2,272.645 10.463.414
1853. 13.130.677 3.711.154 16.841.831
1854. 18.990.744 5.401.495 24.392.239
1855. 21.637.500 5,355.393 26.992.893
1856. 25.892.308 5.843.776 31.736.084
1857. 29.307.628 7.027.653 36.335.281
1858. 30.175.325 5.816.407 35.991.732
1859. 30.732.313 5.821.067 36.553.380
1860. 31.198.135 5.855.377 37053.512
1861. 31.314.749 5.037.631 36.352.380
1862. 31.587,545 5.552.300 37.139.845
1863. 35.143.252 7,524.072 42.667.324
1864. 37.148,023 11.584.759 48.732.782
1865. 44.065.499 20.6*4.678 64.710.177
1866. 66.495116 29.458.134 85.953.250
1867. 1*1.445,920 53.580.924 195.026.844
18RS.. I7i.490.660 55.756.340 230.347.000
1869.. 2ill,371.240 54.653.640 266.024.880
d878. 104.420.053 27.563.386 131.983,439
1879. 91.152.229 26.517.806 117.970.036
1880. 89032.038 28.101.688 117,133.726
1881. 90.099,045 29.053.743 119,152,288
1882. 95.881.714 29.479.022 125.360.736
1883. 101.596.795 31.616.893 133.213.688
1884. 105.606.743 31.720.237 137.326,980
1885. 107.146.881 32.811.411 139.958.292
1886. 122.980.123 35,516.009 158.496.132
1887. 123.169.455 38.035.080 161.204.535
1888. 123.292.358 37.349.365 160,641.723
1889. 127.372.618 40.763.213 168.135.831
1890. 170.553.854 48.800,514 219.354.368
1891. 203.353.791 53.245.783 256.599,574
1892. 190.614.636 53.117.502 243.732.138
1893. 189.299.120 56.491.231 245.790,351
1894. 190.960.897 56.461.825 247.422.722
1895. 192.498.842 50.977.983 243.476.825
1896. 195.684.875 48.672.411 244.357.286
1897. 184.632.905 47.393.755 232.026.660
1898. 17S.801.172 42.165,275 220,966.447
1S99. 260.265.058 84.931.361 345.196.419
1900. 202.884.012 73.681.868 276.665.880
1901. 259.254,598115.325.842 374.580.440
1902. 276.509.730125.985.401 402.495.131
1903. 289.371.249122.053.031 411.424.280
1904. 291.329.703111.951.487 403.281.190
1905. 295.514.443112.477.182 407.991.625
1906. 303.033.228 123.230.068 426.263.296
ADVERTISEMENT.
985
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ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Real
Personal Total
Year. Tax levy.
Year. Tax levy.
Tear. estate. property. valuation.
907.. $346,843.590 131.078.386 $477.921.978
1891. $10.453.270.41
1892. 12,142,448.75
1906... $17.434.168.80
1907... 22.605.709.45
1908. 344.499.927 13
2.690,472 477.190.399
1893. 11.810.969.69
1908... 22,666.54394
1909. 586.253.655 21
2.574.401 833.150.8.97
1894. 12.267.643.62
1909... 24.078,060.98
1910. 603.022.875 24
5.971.661 848.994.536
1895. 14.239,685.13
1910... 23.485.538.22
1911. 663.376,02722
3,578.274 927,747,492
1896. 12.290.145.21
1911. . 27,311.841.58
1$J12. 670.652.219 19
5.473.058 940.450.171
1897. 12,939.333.10
1912. . 24,733.839.48
1913. 688.387,352 21
1.318,184 981.787.576
1898. 12.207.906.82
1913. . 31.122.666.16
1914. 707.366.379 21
7.979,761 1.000.797.060
1899. 13,359.270.53
1914. . 32.225.665.35
1915. 749.905.059 21
9.879.969 1.041.788.676
1900. 17.086.408.36
1915. . 37.816.928.94
1916. 742.695.603 21
9.396.138 1.032.876.669
1901. 14.245.294.12
1916. . 39.662.464.09
1917. 753.321.967 23
9.734.554 1,062.959.802
1902. 14,039.030.16
1917. . 40.923,952.37
1918. 757.914.948 24
7,059,397 1,082,763.780
1903. 14,815.388.31
1918. . 39.087.772.46
Tear. Tax levy.
1837... $5.905.15
Year. Tax levy.
1864... $974,655.64
1904.. 15.994.410.68
1905.. 16.845.974.19
1919. . 65.580.009.40
1838... 8.849.86
1865... 1.294.183.50
The valuation since
1875 is the equalized
1839... 4.664.55
1866... 1.719.064.05
valuation fixed by the
state 'board of equal-
1840... 4.721.85
L867... 2.518.472.00
ization. From 1867 1
o 1875 the valuation
1841... 10,004.67
1868... 3.223.457.80
was made by the CJ
ty for the city tax.
1842... 9.181.27
1869... 3.990.373.20
From 1898 to 1908.
inclusive, the assessed
1843... 8.647.89
1870... 4,139.798.70
value was one-fifth oi
the actual value. In
1844. . 17.166.24
1871... 2.897.464.70
1909 the rate was fix
ed at one-third and in
1845. . 11.077.58
1872... 4.462.961.45
1919 at one-half. Tl
le total valuation in-
1846. . 15.825.80
1873... 5,617.313.91
eludes capital stock ai
id railroads.
1847. . 18.159.01
1848. . 22.051.54
1874. . 5.466.692.54
1875. . 5.108.981.40
ASSESSMENT OF TAXABLE PROPERTY IN
COOK cnn-NTT-v
1849. . 30.045.09
1850. . 25.270.87
1851. . 63.385.87
1852. . 76.948.96
1853. . 135.662.68
1854. . 199.081.64
1855. . 206.209.03
1856... 396.652.39
1857... 572.046.00
1858.. 430.190.00
1859.. 513.164.00
1876. . 4.046.805.80
1877. . 4.013.410.44
1878. . 3.777.757.23
1879 . 3.776.450.79
1880 . 3.899.126.98
1881. . 4.136.608.38
1882. . 4.227.402.98
1883. . 4.540.506.13
1884. . 4.872.456.60
1885. . 5.152.366.03
1886. . 5.368.409.76
Includes equalized va
capital stock of corpor
1904. $437.850.428
1905. 441.990.246
1906. 461,813.707
1907. 514.757.122
1908. 514,730.532
1909. 987.212.850
1910. 915.895.947
1911. 997.787.837
luation of railroads and
ations.
1912... $1.012.882.262
1913.. 1.056.910.607
1914.. 1,078.824,261
1915.. 1.121.649.954
1916.. 1.115.035.441
1917.. 1.148.893,498
1918.. 1.170.142.268
I860.. 373.315.29
1861.. 559.968.00
1887. . 5.602.712.56
1888. . 5.723.067.25
The above figures are one- fifth of the actual
valuation down to and including- 1908. The
1862.. 564.038.06
1889. . 6,326.561.21
rate was changed to
one-third in 1909 and
1863.. 853.346.00
1890. . 9,558.335.00
to one-half in 1919.
CHICAGO REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.
Yefer. 1
Jo. Sales. Consideration.
Year. I
Jo. Sales. Consideration.
1900...
14.356 $87 917 998
1910...
30.058 $155,464.768
1901
15 871 100 664 279
1911
37,615 154320911
1902...
18 063 lll'441 112
1912...
45.743 113.693.768
1903
19 880 107 680~304
1913
54.092 135 669 729
1904...
24.450 102.%870.'570
1914 ..
55.834 118.920,581
1905
28 940 139 601 896
1915
52.605 103.826.605
1906..
31.562 14l'.342l020
1916
65.431 117.971.786
1907
26 380 131 982 811
1917
49.882 80.528.411
1908...
29.321 133.%325.'630
1918 ..
42.830 63.639.246
1909
32 821 140*908 512
1Q1O*
45,828 83.771,974
*Pirst nine months.
TORRENS SYSTEM.
Transfers.
Y«r;
1905
Number.Con|idera4tion§
Year.
1913
Number.Consideration.
3 397 $5 3'}3 548
1906...
985 1 607 189
1914
3 826 4 577 709
1907
97f 1 267 406
1915
4 277 5 338 501
1908...
1 006 1 683 337
1916
5 089 5 474 785
1909
1 253 2 186 587
1917
4,795 4*664 772
1910...
1 789 3 °95 850
1918
4 053 3 73° 768
1911 . ..
2 014 3 235 138
1Q1Q*
4 839 6 223 823
1912
2 786 4 434 250
*TPif»ct TiinA mrmtVis
SURVIVORS OF THE HAYMARKET RIOT.
Following- is a list of police officers living in
May. 1919. who took part in the quelling- of
the anarchist not at the Havmarket. rh>ae-n
Andrew O'Day. Benjamin Williams.
George W. Raycraft. Fred Welman.
James B. Short. Michael Walsh.
May 4. 1886. with the
officers of the associa-
John M. Sisk.
Simon McMahon.
tion of Haymarket vet
?rans :
Sol C. Steele.
John Dam men.
Frank P. Tyrrell.
[^arl "R .TfVhnsrm
Freeman Steele.
E. J. Hanley.
James Bowler. Patrick H. Keefe.
John J. Brown. John .T "Rpllpv
Jqmes P. Stanton. Jas. Mitchel.
Dennis Tierney. John D. Hartford.
Louis C. Bauman.
Villiam Kelley.
Robert J. Walsh.
John J. Collins.
Jeremiah Kennedy.
HAYMARKET:
VETERANS.
Dennis J. Dunne. ,
(ohn Kinsella.
President— Frank P. Ty
rrell.
Timothy Daley.
John H. Kiner.
Vice-President— Carl E.
Johnson.
Jos. L. Fallon. Patrick J. Lavin.
John C. Genderson. Thomas Meaney.
Recording Secretary— Freeman Steele.
Financial Secretary— John K. McMahon.
John Gihbons.
John K McMahon.
Treasurer — Jeremiah Ke
nnedy.
Joseph A. Gilso.
Hne-h McNeil.
Trustee — John Kinsella.
Jacob Hansen. John O'Connell. Sergeant-at-Arms— James Bowler.
ADVERTISEMENT.
987
CHICAGO
SURFACE LINES
THE MOST EXTENSIVE STREET CAR
TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZA-
TION IN THE WORLD
THE PROPERTIES OPERATED INCLUDE:
CHICAGO RAILWAYS COMPANY
CHICAGO CITY RAILWAY COMPANY
SOUTHERN STREET RAILWAY COMPANY
CALUMET & SOUTH CHICAGO RAILWAY
COMPANY
MORE THAN 1,025 MILES OF TRACK
OVER 3,500,000 CASH AND TRANSFER
PASSENGERS DAILY
172 LINES
575 TRANSFER POINTS
MOST LIBERAL TRANSFER SYSTEM KNOWN
GENERAL OFFICES
BORLAND BUILDING
CHICAGO
ADVERTISEMENT.
INTERESTING FACTS AND
FIGURES
In 1907, when the traction problems were solved
by the so-called "Settlement Ordinances" (after the
entire question had been submitted to a referendum
vote of the residents of Chicago), a value was estab-
lished by the City of Chicago through an independ-
ent valuing commission covering the properties as
they then existed. The valuation established by the
city, $50,000,000, was more than $30,000,000 below
the value claimed by the companies and was reached
by arbitrarily disregarding many millions of capital
that actually had been invested in the properties.
To this 1907 valuation the city, under the ordi-
nances, provided that the companies should add the
amounts actually expended on capital account when
authorized and certified by the Board of Supervising
Engineers. These expenditures covering track exten-
sions and additions to equipment brought the total
purchase price as of January 31, 1919, up to $157,164,-
907. This represented the figure at which the city
might have taken over the properties if it chose to
exercise its right at that date.
The companies pay to the city of Chicago for the
privilege of operating their cars in the streets 55 per
cent of their net receipts annually. This has amounted
in twelve years to approximately $25,000,000.
During the year ended January 31, 1919, the Sur-
face Lines carried a total of 1,204,362,342 passengers.
Of these 685,300,000 were revenue passengers and
491,659,000 were transfer passengers. The very large
percentage of transfer passengers brought the average
fare per passenger down to 2.8 cents, giving the
companies the smallest cash return per passenger of
any large city in the country.
There are approximately 500 miles of
double track in the Surface Lines system
and an army of 15,000 employes is em-
ployed in the operation and maintenance
of the properties.
ADVERTISEMENT.
989
Suggestions for Visitors.
Chicago, aside from its importance as a great business cen-
ter, has numerous attractions which make it the ideal vacation
city, and its location on the shores of Lake Michigan justifies
its recognition as the ideal summer resort. The Surface Lines
offer' the most convenient transportation in Chicago.
Here are a few suggestions to the visitor who desires to
become acquainted with some of Chicago's attractions and for
the general information of those who would like to have a more
comprehensive idea of what to see and how to see it.
NEW MUNICIPAL PIER— Here is one of Chicago's newest and
greatest wonders — a great recreation center and a steamboat land-
ing extending 3,000 feet into the lake and costing about $5,000,-
000. Here one may enjoy the cooling breezes of Lake Michigan
while getting an expansive view c<f the city's sky line. There
are many attractions en the pier itself during the season, in-
cluding observation towers, board walk, children's playground,
open air and inclosed restaurants, public dining room for pic-
nickers and immense freight and passenger boat terminals. No
one should miss this trip. Take through route No* 1 car in
Wabash avenue, State street car in State street, Broadway car
in Dearborn or Randolph street, Clark street or through route
No. 22 car in Clark street, or Lincoln avenue car in LaSalle
street; ride north to Grand avenue and transfer east to the lake.
Cars operate on the pier.
CLARENDON BATHING BEACH— This municipal enterprise
is one of the newest attractions in Chicago. It is owned and
operated by the city and should be visited by every one. Costly
buildings beautify the premises. Ten thousand bathers can use
the beach at one time, and even if one does not care to "take a
dip" a pleasant afternoon can be spent here. Take through route
No. 1 car in Wabash avenue or Broadway car in Dearborn or
Randolph street, ride north to Sunnyside avenue and walk east
to the lake.
CHICAGO'S GREAT ZOO— No collection of animals in the
United States is more complete or interesting than the one in
Lincoln park. Here are 1,700 specimens which are a continual
source of delight to children and grownups alike. One cannot
visit the "Zoo" too often. Take through route No. 1 car in
Wabash avenue, Clark street or through route No. 22 car in
Clark street, Broadway car in Dearborn or Ran-
dolph street, or Lincoln avenue car in LaSalle
street, ride north to main entrance of Lincoln Park
at Center street.
990
ADVERTISEMENT.
CHICAGO'S WONDERFUL PARKS.
DOUGLAS PARK— Has many attractions, such as athletic
field, flower gardens, boating facilities and natatorium. Take
12th street car in Dearborn or Adams street, or Ogden avenue
car in State or Randolph street, ride west to park at 12th street
and California avenue. .
GARFIELD PARK— Has many attractions, including flower
gardens, boating facilities, public golf course, largest conserva-
tory in the United States, several statues. Take Madison street
car in Madison street to park entrance at Central Park avenue.
HUMBOLDT PARK— Offers facilities for boating and other
recreation and has some attractive statues. Take Division street
car in State or Washington street and ride west to park at
terminus of line.
JACKSON PARK— One of Chicago's most beautiful spots-, on
part of which was located the World's Columbian Exposition in
1893. Here are splendid boating facilities, a bathing beach, two
public golf courses, Field museum, flower gardens, government
life saving station and LaRabida sanitarium. Take Jackson park
car or Stony Island-93d car in Wabash avenue to "Midway" at
59th street.
LINCOLN PARK— One of the city's most interesting attrac-
tions. See Zoo with 1,700 animals, Academy of Sciences, bathing
beach and golf course near Diversey boulevard, conservatory,
flower gardens, boating and other recreation facilities; also the
world famous Saiat-Gaudens statue of Abraham Lincoln. Take
through route No. 1 car in Wabash avenue, Clark street or
through route No. 22 car in Clark street, Broadway car in Dear-
born street or Lincoln avenue car in LaSalle street, ride north
to main entrance of park at Center street.
WASHINGTON PARK-Offers facilities for boating and other
recreation. Take Indiana-51st car in Wabash avenue and ride
south to terminus at park, or take Cottage Grove car in Wabash
avenue and ride south to 55th stre-et entrance.
AMUSEMENT RESORTS.
RIVERVIEW PARK— A large amusement park with many
attractions and space for picnicking purposes. Take Riverview-
Larratxee car in Dearborn street and ride north to park at
terminus of this line. Or take through route No. 2 car in
Clark street or Clybourn avenue car in Wells street,
ride north to terminus at Belmont avenue and
walk north two blocks to gate.
AD VERTISEM ENT.
991
AMUSEMENT RESORTS— Continued.
WHITE CITY— A large amusement park with many things
to interest a visitor. Take Wentworth avenue or through
route No. 2 or No. 22 car in Qark street, or take State street
car in State street, ride south to 63d street and transfer east
to park gate at South Park avenue. Or take Cottage Groye-
71st or through route No. 4 or No. 5 in Wabash avenue, ride
south to 63d street and (transfer west to park gate at South
Park avenue.
MADISON GARDENS— Those who enjoy roller skating can
spend a very pleasant evening at Madison Gardens at the cor-
ner of Madison and Rockwell streets. There are special facili-
ties for those who are learning, special instructors for la-dies and
children. An orchestra furnishes appropriate music. Take
Madison street cars to the doors.
OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES— A noted museum of natural his-
tory having many interesting specimens. Open from 9 a. m. to
5 p. m. daily and 1 p. m. to 5 p. m. Sundays. Free. Take
through route No. 1 car in Wabash avenue, or Qark street or
through route No. 22 car in Gark street, or Broadway car in
Dearborn street, or Lincoln avenue car in LaSalle street, ride
north to Lincoln park entrance at Qark and Center streets.
CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY— Depository of valuable
historical documents and relics of Chicago's early days. Open
daily 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., except Saturday afternoons and Sun-
days. Free. Take State street car on State street, or through
route No. 1 car on Wabash 'avenue, ride north to Ontario
street and walk one block west. Or take Clark street., or
through route No. 22 car on Qark street, ride north to Ontario
street and walk east one block to Dearborn. v ;
FIELD MUSEUM— One of Chicago's "seven wonders" is this
costly collection of natural history material gathered from the
remotest corners of the world. Its original home in Jackson
park was the Fine Arts building of the World's Columbian Ex-
position of 1893. A permanent building to house this great
institution has been erected in Grant park at a cost of $4,000,-
000 and when the exhibits have been moved frotm the old build-
ing the museum will be open to visitors 9 a. m. to 4 p. m.
daily; free on Saturdays and Sundays.
CUBS' PARK— Home grounds of Chicago's National league
team. Take Qark street or through route No. 22 car in Clark
street and ride north to entrance at Addison street.
SOX PARK— Home grounds of Chicago's representative in the
American Baseball league may be reached by taking Wentworth
avenue or through route No. 2 or No. 22 car in Clark street.
Ride south to 35th street and walk one block west to park en-
trance.
HAYMARKET SQUARE-This largest market for truck gar-
den produce was the site of the anarchist riot in 1886. TTha
activity of this place any weekday morning is worth watching.
Take Ogden avenue car in State, Randolph or Lake street, and
ride west to Desplaines street. Or take Madison
street car west as far as 'DespJaines street and
walk north two blocks to Randolph street. A stroll,
for several blocks west through the market will be
interesting.
092
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
PRICES FOR MESS PORK AND LARD FOR FORTY YEARS.
The following1 table shows the lowest and
highest cash prices for mess pork and prime
steamed lard in the Chicago market for the
last forty years and the months in which
extreme prices were reached:
MESS PORK.
Year. Lowest in— Range. Highest in—
1880. .April $9.37%@19.00 October.
1881.. January.. ..J.2.40 @20.00 September
1882.. March J.6.00 ©24.75 October.
1883.. Sept.-Oct.... 10.20 @20.15 May.
1884.. December.. J.0.55 ©19.50 May. June.
July.
1885..Oct.-Nov.... 8.00 @13.25 February.
1886. .May 8.20 @12.20 December.
1887.. January.. ..11.60 ©24.00 May.
1888.. December... 12.90 ©16.00 October.
1889.. December... 8.35 ©13.37% January.
1890. .December... 7.50 ©13.62% April.
1891.. December... 7.45 ©-13.00 May.
1892..April....... 9.25 ©15.05 December.
1893.. August J.0.25 ©21.80 May.
1894. .March .10.67%@14.57> September.
1895.. December.
1896.. August....
1897.. December.
1898.. October...
7.50
i 5.50
7.15
7.65
>12.30
>10.45
1899..May-Oct 7.85 ,
1900 . .November. . 10.37%@16.00
1901. .January 12.60 ©16.80
1902.. Feb.-Mar...U 5.00
1903.. October 10.95
1904 . . September. .10.60
1905. .April 11.70
1906. .January 13.45
1907.. Sept.-Oct... 13.75
1908. .February .. .10.75
1909. .January 16.25
1910.. October... .17.25 ©27.00
1911. .October 14.60 ©21.50
1912.. January... .15.00
1913.. January 17.50
1914.. October 16.50
1915.. September. .12.00
12.87% May.
10.85 January.
9.00 September.
May.
January.
October.
March.
July.
18.37% March.
16.50 February.
October.
July.
February.
July.
September.
July.
February.
19.62% April.
22.75 July. Sept.
24.60 August.
19.50 February.
>18.70
&16.60
&20.00
M7.75
516.60
i)25.20
1916.. January. ...18.62%@29.50 October.
Year. Lowest in — Range.
1917.. January.... 28.00 ©48.00
1918.. October 33.50
1919*.October 35.00
LARD.
1880. .June $6.35 @
1881.. February... 9.20
1882. .March 10.05
1883.. October.... 7.15
1884.. December... 6.45
1885.. October 5.82
1886. .May 5.82%
1887..June-Oct.... 6.20
1888. .January.... 7.25
1889.. December.. 5.75
1890.. December... 5.50
1891.. February... 5.47
1892. .January.... 6.05
1893. .August 6.00
1894.. March 6.45
1895.. December... 6.15
1896. .July 3.05
1897.. June 3.42%
1898..Jan.-Oct 4.62%
1899. .May 4.90
1900.. February... 5.65
1901.. January..
1902.. February.
1903.. October...
1904. .May
1905. .January — .
Highest in—
December.
50.50 February.
56.00 May-June.
7.85 November.
13.00 July.
13.10 October.
12.10 May.
10.00 February.
7.10 Feb.. April.
7.60 September.
7.92% December.
11.20 October.
7.55 January.
6.52% April.
7.05 September.
10.60 December.
13.20 March.
9.05 September.
7.17% March.
6.85 January.
4.90 September.
6.82% May.
6.77% January.
7.40 October.
10.25 September.
11.60 September.
11.00 September.
7.92% February.
6.90
9.07
6.20
.15
.66 @ 8.10 August.
1906. .January ..... 7.32%© 9.85 November.
1907.. October ..... 8.42%@ 9.97% February.
1908. .February.... 6.97%@10.46 October.
1909.. January ... 9.40 ©12.65 Sept.-Oct.
1910. .August ...... 11.50 ©14.65 March.
1911. .April ........ 7.70 ©10.67% January.
1912. .February.... 8.65 ©ix.97% October.
1913.. January ..... 9.47%@11.87% July.
1914.. September.. 9.10 ©11.60 November.
1915. .July ......... 7.55
1916.. February... 9.75
1917. .January ..... 15.10
1918. .January ..... 23.60 .
1919*.February... 22.06 ©35.85 June.
*Jan. 1 to Nov. 1.
11.27% February.
17.00 October.
26.90 November.
7.12% Sept.-Oct.
CHICAGO GRAIN STATISTICS.
The following1 tables show the extreme prices
in each year for forty years for cash wheat,
corn and oats, indicating the month in which
such prices were obtained:
WHEAT.
Year. Lowest in— Range. Highest in—
1880.. August $0.86%@1.32 January.
1881. .January.... .95%@1.43%, October.
1882.. December.. .91%@-1.40 April-May.
1883. .October 90 ©1.13% June.
Year. Lowest in —
1907.. January....
1908. .July
1909. .October
1910.. October
1911. .April
1912..Nov.-Dec....
1913.. July -Aug1...
1914. .July
1915. .August
1916.. June
Range. Highest in—
$0.71 ©1.22 October.
.84%© 1.24 August.
1.03 ©1.60 June.
.91%@1.29% July.
.83%@1.17 October.
.85 ©1.22 April-May.
.84 ©1.15% January.
.77% ©1.33 September.
.98 ©1.68 February.
98%©2 02 October
1884.. December.'.* !69 © !96 February.
1885. .March 73%@ .91% April.
1886. .October 69%© .84% January.
1887. .August 66%@ .94% June.
1888. .April 71%@2.00 September.
1889. .June 75%© 1.08% February.
1890. .February... .74%©! .08% August.
1891. .July 84%@1.16 April.
1892. .October 69%© .91% February.
1893 July . 54%© 85 April
1917.. February...
1918.. Jan. - Feb.
Mar. - Apr.-
May - June
(g-ov. prices)
1919*.August
1880. .April
1881.. February...
1882 . .DcccmDcr. . .
l'.51%@3.'45 May.
2.17 ©2.34 August.
2.20 ©2.92 ..April.
CORN.
$0.31i/2@ 43.% November.
.35%© .76% October.
»7Ql/ (ft\ Q-| i/ Tnltr
1894. .July .50%© .63% April.
1895. .January .. 48%© .81% May.
1896. .August 63 © .94% November.
1897. .April 66%@1 06 December
1883.. October
1884.. December...
1885. .January
1 886 October
. / y flits' .oj-72 July.
.46 © .70 January.
,34Vf,@ .87 September.
.34%© .49 April-May.
331^ (n) 45 July
1898.. October 62 © .85 May.
1899.. December.. .64 © .79% Mav.
1900. .January 61%© .87% June.
1901.. July .. . 63%© 77% June
1887!. February .'.'.'
1888. .December...
1889.. December...
!33 © !51% December.
.33V-© .60 May.
.29% @ .60 November.
O'yt/ ffi) P^d-X^ 'Mr*Trom'K£l».
lio0.. October 67%© .95 September.
1903.. January 70%© .93 September.
1904. .January 81%@1.22 Sept. - Oct.-
jSpf*
1905. .August ,77%©1.24 February.
1906. .August 69%@ .94% May.
1890 * . FsDru&ry . . .
1891.. December...
1892. .January
1893.. December...
1894.. February...
1895.. December...
1 896.. September..
.*4*T^v3/ .0^1/4 ^ovemDer.
.39%© .80 November.
.37V>@1.00 May.
.34^© .44% May.
.33% (ft .59% August.
.24%(ft .54% May.
.19%© .30% April.
ADVERTISEMENTS. 993
Charles W. Elmes. Carleton L. Elmes.
CHARLES F. ELMES
ENGINEERING WORKS
Established 1861. Incorporated 1895.
HYDRAULIC PRESSES, PUMPS
AND ACCUMULATORS.
SPECIAL MACHINERY.
WOOD PATTERNS.
PAPER LIFTS.
MACHINERY REPAIRS.
MORGAN AND FULTON STS., CHICAGO
Telephone Haymarket 696 to All Departments.
MALLEABLE IRON
AND STEEL CASTINGS
THE NATIONAL
MALLEABLE CASTINGS COMPANY
Cleveland Chicago Indianapolis Toledo
Sharon, Pa. Melrose Park, 111.
994
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Tear. Lowest in —
1897..Jan.-Feb....
1898. .January
1899.. December...
1900. .January
1901. .January
1902.. October
1903.. March
Range. Highest in—
$0.21%® .32% August.
.26 @ .38 December.
.30 @ .38% January.
.30y2@ .49% November.
.36 @ .62% November.
.55 @ .88 July.
41%@ 53 July-Aug
Year. Lowest in —
1888.. September..
1889.. October
1890.. February...
1891.. October
1892.. January
1893. .July
1894 January
Range
$0.23%®
.17%®
.19%®
.26 @
.'21%®
26 @
Highest in—
.38 May.
.26% February.
.45 November.
.56% April.
.34% August.
.32% May.
1904. .January
1905.. January
1906..Feb.-March.
1907.. January
1908.. February...
1909.. January
1910.. October
1911.. Jan. - Feb.-
March
1912.. November..
1913.. January
1914.. January....
1915.. October
1916. .May
1917.. January....
19.18.. October
1919*.January....
.42%® .58% November.
.42 @ .64% May.
.39 @ .54% June.
.39%® .66% October.
.56%® .82 May-Sept.
.58%® .77 June.
.47%® .68 January.
.45%® .75 October.
.53 @ .83 August.
.46%® .78% Aug.-Sept.
.60 @ .86 August.
.59%® .82% August.
.69 @1.11 October.
.93%@2.36 August.
1.35 @1.85 January.
1.22 @2.10 July-Aug.
1895.. December...
1896.. September..
1897. .February...
1898. .Aug.-Sept...
1899.. August
1900.. August
1901.. January
1902. .August
1903. .March
1904.. October
1905.. September..
1906. .March
1907. .January
1908. .August
1909.. October
1910.. October
1911. .March
.16%®
.14%®
.15%®
;19%@
21 @
.23%®
.25 @
.31%®
28%®
'.25 @
.28%®
.33%®
.46 @
.38%®
.29%®
.28%®
.31% June.
.20% Feb.-Mar.
.23% December.
.32 May.
.28% February.
.26% June.
.42% November.
.56 July.
.45 July.
.46 February.
.34% July.
.42% June.
.56% September.
.60% July.
.62% May.
.49 February.
.47% October.
1880. .August
1881.. February...
1882.. September..
1883.. September..
18 84.. December...
1885 .. September
OATS.
80.22%® .35 Jan.-May.
.29%® .47% October.
.30%® .62 July.
.25 @ .43% March.
.23 @ .34% April.
24% @ 36% April
1912.. November..
1913. .March
1914.. August
1915. .October
1916.. June
1917. .August
1918. .June
.30%®
.31%®
.33%®
.35%®
.37%®
.51 @
64%®
.58% April .
.4^-% September.
.51% September.
.60% March.
.53% October.
.85 July.
93 February.
1886. .October
1887..Mar.-April..
.22%® .35 January.
.23%® .31^4 December.
L919*.January
* Jan. 1 to Nov
.54 ©
.83 July.
In accordance with an order issued by Mayor
William Hale Thompson May 8. 1915. the
American flag should be hoisted on the build-
ings under the jurisdiction of the city govern-
ment on all election days and on the follow-
ing anniversaries:
Feb. 12— Lincoln's birthday.
Feb. 15— Sinking of the Maine.
Feb. 22 — Washington's birthday.
Apr. 19— Battle of Lexington.
May 30— Memorial day.
June 14— Flag day.
June 17— Battle of Bunker Hill.
July 4— Independence day.
Oct. 9— Chicago day.
Oct. 12 — Columbus day.
Oct. 17— Battle of Saratoga.
'Oct. 19 — Surrender of Yorktown.
Nov. 25— Evacuation of Yorktown.
On all the foregoing dates the flag should be
hoisted at full mast, with the exception of
Memorial day and the anniversary of the sink-
ing of the Maine, when it should be at half-
mast. The hours of displaying the flag are
from sunrise to sunset.
DISTANCES
FROM MADISON STREET SOUTH.
Twelfth street. 1 mile.
Twenty Second street. 2 miles.
Thirty-First street. 3 miles.
Thirty-Ninth street. 4 miles.
Forty-Seventh street. 5 miles.
Fifty-Fifth street. 6 miles.
Sixty-Third street. 7 miles.
Seventy-First street. 8 miles.
Seventy-Ninth street. 9 miles.
Eighth-Seventh street. 10 miles.
Ninety-Fifth street. 11 miles.
One Hundred and Third street. 12 miles.
One Hundred and Eleventh street, 13 mile*.
One Hundred and Nineteenth street. 14 miles.
One Hundred and Twenty-Seventh street, IB miles.
fJlty limits. 16% miles.
FROM MADISON STREET NORTH.
Chicago avenue. 1 mile.
North avenue, 2 miles.
Fullerton avenue. 3 miles.
Peltr.ont avenue. 4 miles.
Irving Park boulevard. 5 miles.
FLAG DISPLAY DAYS IN CHICAGO.
By an ordinance passed Feb. 5. 1917, by the
Chicago city council, the playing of the "Star
Spangled Banner" in public places in any way
except as an entire and separate composition
and without embellishments of national or
other melodies is prohibited. The playing of
the air as dance music or for an exit march
is also prohibited. Violation of the ordinance
by proprietors or performers is punishable by
a fine of $100.
GARNISHMENT LAW OF ILLINOIS.
Section 14 of the act of 1872 as amended in
1897 and 1901 declares: "The wages for
services of a wage earner who is the head of
a family and residing with the same, to the
amount of fifteen ($15) dollars per week,
shall be exempt from garnishment. All above
the sum of fifteen ($15) dollars per week
shall be liable to garnishment."
Employers are obliged to pay wages amount"
ing to $15 or less, notwithstanding the service
of a writ of garnishment, providing the person
to whom wages are due makes affidavit that
he is the head of a family and is living with
the same.
IN CHICAGO.
Lawrence avenue. 6 miles.
Bryn Mawr avenue. 7 miles.
Devon avenue. 8 miles.
Touhy avenue. 9 miles.
City limits. 9% miles.
FROM STATE STREET VEST.
Halsted street. 1 mile.
Ashland boulevard. S miles.
Western avenue. 3 miles.
Kedzie avenue. 4 miles.
Crawford avenue, 5 miles.
Cicero avenue, 6 miles.
Central avenue. 7 miles.
Rideeland avenue. 8 miles.
City limits (west on North avenue). 9 miles.
FROM STATE STREET EAST.
To lake on 22d street, % mile.
To Cottage Grove avenue on 31st street,
To Cottage Grove avenue south of 39th street,
To Stony Island avenue on 65th. 2 miles.
To Yates avenue, sooth of 71st street, 3 miles.
0
I",
ADVERTISEMENTS. 995
Uictortj Tijpe
Best lHan IDins; CThe Best Cause .
<The Best Jlrmq lUins— And
CTKe Best <Tijpe Wins
^That's why the whole world of printers readilq
approues Superior Copper* mixed <Tijpe
and the line of Printers' and Binders' Supplies
and Hlachinerq of eperq kind sold bq
Barnhart Brothers & Spindler
Chicago Cfupe Founders I Omaha
IDashinqion.D.C. Saint Paul
Saint Louis Dallas Kansas City Seattle
Set in Parsons and Parsons Bold
Regan Printing House
PRINTERS and BOOKBINDERS
ONE OF THE MOST COMPLETE
PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING
ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE WEST
523-537 PLYMOUTH COURT
CHICAGO, ILL.
TELEPHONE— ALL DEPARTMENTS— HARRISON 6280
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
CIRCULATION OF THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS FOR 1919.
DATE.
~i
Jan.
Feb.
March
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
I ec.
Holiday
379,01!
377.167
351,411
Sunday
446.952
390,358
385.103
384.812
383.964
354,826
Sunday
397.694
390,953
391,998
389.345
389,448
356,639
Sunday
397.877
394, 233
393.983
394.103
391,795
360.778
Sunday
398,725
393.581
393,221
391,262
388,818
359,33.
Sunday
395.78
391.44
390,24
388,71
387.74
358.706
Sunday
395.54
392.038
385.136
389.276
392.640
358.290
Sunday
401,09:,
394.727
394,556
387.331
391.700
340.835
Sunday
401.309
418.4!tf
404,717
390.066
384,450
358,170
Sunday
396.234
390.706
390.554
389.448
389.27e
365.552
Sunday
398.128
395,315
393.583
392.341
392.329
357,160
Sunday
395.H94
394.418
393.158
389.725
388451
358.851
Sunday
£9i>.3(«
392.387
389.:'. 3
S89.026
388.822
360.088
Sunday
392.222
466.724
410.529
388.360
388.180
355.418
Sunday
391,744
387.840
384,627
383.651
385,475
354.621,
Sunday
382,991
385.624
384,941
386.023
381.127
34^ 741
379,952
383.326
34H.742
Sunday
369.351
384,306
387.482
385.200
384.055
352,877
Sunday
387.958
384.556
384,607
382.864
382.597
352,258
Sunday
389,791
390,319
386.25S
385,520
384.21Q
350.051
Sunday
389.417
392.199
382,899
380,482
264.196
320,801
0,080.248
378.H42
^
381,404
379.082
380.187
377.433
343.307
Sunday
381.986
376.498
372,994
371.544
371.744
338,424
Sunday
376,943
373.399
371.156
371.021
370,730
337U68
Sunday
387,Khl
374.847
374.006
372.915
386.009
.350,721,
Sunday4
383,216
384,456
376,791
371.397
Holld'y
311.057
Sunday
389051
380.719
379.303
384.094
377.748
338.073
Sunday
379.796
383,413
381.362
378.252
379,012
339,931
Sunday
401.635
411.463
377.^83
379.540
378.713
345.55}
Sundav
418,303
454,334
441.612
424.009
9.961.994
383,153
437.540
379.992
Sunday
401.198
389,996
388,349
389,954
391.348
351,565
Sunday
396.882
389.723
383.733
383.159
38-1274
346.116
Sunday
391.587
388.100
383.853
380.907
377.585
343.43]
Sunday
386.(J!l
382.8- 1(
381.013
380.213
376.297
340.319
Sunday
268.01)4
386.052
3H3.956
379.632
376,503
314.734
Sunday
881.134
380.979
378,957
380.423
378,686
3 15.603
Sunday
396.086
391.1.94
389.029
333364
384,305
351.777
Sunday
400 (WO
393.542
392.41 J
380.992
379 731)
349.868
Sunday
398,431
389,753
*9l>i)8.002
373,000
409.343
40 .,«8:»
409.394
365.243
Sunday
409,290
402.031
400.263
395.92;
385,268
355.ot ;o
Sunday
391.858
388.063
388,047
387,186
392.821
352,727
Sunday
391,087
387.502
387,972
386,953
385.630
356.265
Sunday
396. 1 19
391,545
382.061
389.276
390.431
356.212
Sunday
397.132
396,44?
37(1. 156
381.5:4
383.96b
356.261
Sunday
395.373
391,204
S90.8-S7
389.350
3W.827
359,307
Sunday
400.682
392.957
3J0.721
389.84-''
390,716
360. 163
Sunday
395.230
391.837
38.5,372
Holiday
i'90.534
358,491
Sunday
The omission of the ci rculation figures for De-
cember is due to groingrto press before the end of
the month. The circulation for the entire year will
be ffiven in subsequent editions of the Almanac.
2!:::::'
4!!!!
5
4
8.'".'.'.'
1
13....
it::::.::
16.....
17
18....
iy
I?::::::::
22
23....
Sunday
3H8.S36
?s3.:;:-r
386.240
283.970
885. 427
3*2.879
Sunday
3JK90B
384,629
383,393
24....
8
!?::::::::
28
29
31)
31
Total...
Av'rage
0.050.711
386.566.
9,231,746
386.7391
0,029.585
385.753
9,997,992
384,538
9.283.219
371.5281
9,905.657
380.986
10,461.626
387.467
9,186.406
382,766
Unsold copies are deducted in the totals.
TOTAL FOR THE TEAK 1919 (excluding December) 107,943,181
DAILY AVERAGE FOR THE YEAR 1919 (excluding- December) 38J.421
AVERAGE DAILY ISSUE OF THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS FOR EACH MONTH
FROM THE SECOND YEAR OF ITS PUBLICATION.
June.
Jmy. ) AUJJ.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
AV ge
1877
11,429
14,841
16,414
~87403
2U715
22,769
3n.3-X)| 25.366
25.204
23.312
24,439
26.715
22.037
1878
28.406
37,019
37.736
37.867
38,348
43,743
4SV844 40,911
39,371
38.777
39.380
36.817
38,314
1879
38,667
41,346
46.299
46,608
47.105
49,428
47.560 46.500
44,571
44,310
44.992
44,760
45,194
1880. .
48.891
49,425
49,874
49.445
53,834
58.776
56.049 60.623
57.958
58.506
59.672
54.473
54,801
18*l'.;
57.7!:5
62,965
67.959
69,305
65,067
63.832
71.209 70.397
68,551
62.097
58.100
60,395
64.870
1882* *
61.679
66,941
66.058
65.208
65.193
70,408
73.078 70.456
67,808
63.907
64.819
64,399
66,680
1883
67.278
71,379
77,153
76,994
77,462
78.603
78.177 79.423
73.185
71.863
74.527
74.919
75,115
3884!!
76,877
82,538
86,828
87,852
88.645
93,292
91.231
188.495
86.221
89.196
107,429
82,465
88.306
1885.. .
84,119
59,959
98,029
104,514
100.802
100.238
108,823,
101.329
97,9)0
96,817
102,705
102,497
99,005
1886..
104.197
110,3%
116.024
117.869
125,294
113,471
112.438
117.H77
109,, 28
110.460
115, 103
110,148
113,615
1887..
114.022
119,148
123.040
124.912
118.743
122,714
126.92J
132.178
121.938
122.659
154,096
122.419
125,225
520.657
126,891
137,123
136.490
135.921
140.525
128.897
123,852
113.894
127 724
131.777
159098
128,676
1889
120.947
126,446
130,828
132.348
131.378
148,576
142.653
134.238
130.016
128.670
135.527
147.786
134.059
1890
136.365
141,885
142,655
143.633
136.923
130.414
125.136
125,190
124.497
120.304
139,020
130.85(1
132,957
1891
136,926
139.769
144.467
156.196
141.953
141,733
141.858
139.707
138.025
137.294
140^24
145.707
142.022
1892.'!'
148.282
155,402
159,849
162.563
161.804
169.096
170,4:30
166,259
171.053
163.626
173.070
168.430
164.175
1893...
171.818
180,019
188,567
191,933
196,218
202,267
201,59!
203,2.6
190,481
188,966
192.575
200.589
192,495
1894...
206.3S8
204.471
207,590 206.285
198.495
195,865
232.022
194.071
185.595
186.070
198 017
197.256
200881
198.947
207.246
211.378 212.992
205,732
202.605
201.378
195.907
193.311
195.5(52
202.553
202.762
202,496
1896*
208.781
213,032
216.542
212.104
209,945
210.265 206.272
193.853
189.166
190.700
206.609
200.479
204.724
18^7
201.340
208.779
226.392
231.396
222.560
217.707
212.111
219,557
229,7(>3
238.603
228.113
232.997
222.595
1898
239065
249.951
260.222
295.313
338,695
310.820
298.526
279.243
262.061
257.339
25'.).OS5
254.947
275.514
1899
260.995.
266.761
267,597
266,677
253.148
252,405
249.243
250.598
250,564
256681
271.733
269.975
259,562
1900 '.'.'
279.219
287.116
288.389
286.657
275.427
272,598
262.081
261.109
268,278
276.900
280.789
271.384
275,788
1901...
281,609
287.1131 292.285
295.874
283.297
281.698
275,910
271.783
304.780
292.918
295.635
296,526
2S8.15tf
304.466
309,198 310.385
305.825
300,007
307.406
301.915
305.133
299.(HJ7
302.895
303.883
300,589
304.218
304.870
310,033
311.771
311.374
302-644
306,306
297,000
294.147
295.351
301.732
312.165
319.518
305.534
321.898
338,458
338.784
333.324
320.867
319,064
310.249
310.617
309,431
309.212
314.616
307.765
319,539
1905;;;
315.800
317.994
325.024
322,607
325.373
318.204
306.335
302,624
301,714
301.560
305 211
308,865
312.637
1906...
318.373
325,877
328.589
336,797
320.312
316,595
313.428
311.351
309.372
311.133
313.521
313.344
318.185
1907...
322.586
336.876
337,125
336.366
324,524
320.681
312.069
308.511
310,822
320136
323.614
324.845
323.079
334.006
. 338,955
343 8««
336.453
324,474
324.372
314.569
311.147
313.850
318.928
326.050
322.278
325.674
TQQO
3-J8.925
334,399
337..MI9
334.429
325.791
315.633
311,885
318.444
321.928
329.251
324.682
325.098
1910
332.374
336,242
838.410
332.346
881,200
328.137
316.951
316.558
316.844
321.346
315.828
314.309
325,028
i9ii ;;;
317.628
321.475
321.645
331, 087
322 '.159
320.932
312.499
318.408
321.302
329002
328.226
330.036
322.838
1912*..
334.364
343.173
348.415
359.338
*127.208
•185.945
•M87.218
*203,950
•229.159
*276.338
323.851
347.536
S42.875
1913..
359.831
366.575
373.267
364.840
346.744
342.786
332.706
334.317
340.614
354,044
356.088
358.090
352.395
1914...
3(8,972
368.496
375.770
390.974
373,485
367.038
365,753
403.071
403.593
406.090
411.561
401.342
385,857
1915...
405.359
415.897
413,675
410,784
402,105
407.287
407.885
403.355
400.833
409.210
416.114
413.095
408808
3916...
431.860
441 970
443.427
439.079
426.181
441,601
426.940
424.979
428.925
432.640
458.570
441.9.S1
436.395
1917...
446.575
468.246
465.774
479,450
t408.875
t371,524
1874.572
•» 361,320
t3.T8.224
t377.380
t372.72S
t403.691
1918...
376.(i08
SSWWl
386,775
382.4S6
370.548
374.198
370.833
306.488
374.56
J{S7 479
401.824
370,586
1 379,008
1919...
3S6.fr i5
386.739
385.753
334,538
373.342
371.528
383.153
380.986
373.000
JS7J4K7
3*2.766
Ti
•The daily a\ raere for 1912 is based on the six months not affected by the strike in the
mechanical departments of all the Chicago newspapers — the months of January. February,
March. April. November and December. fPrice increased from 1 to 2 cents on May 14, 1917.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
997
Capacity 4,000 Barrels Per Day
B. A. Eckhart Milling Co.
B. A. Eckhart, Pres. and Treas.
T. W. Brophy, Jr., Secretary
Merchant Millers
1300 to 1332 Carroll Avenue
Our mill is the finest equipped and one of the largest in the world.
We are producing daily 4,000 barrels of the very highest grades of
flour that can be manufactured from Hard Spring Wheat, Hard Win-
ter Wheat, Soft Winter Wheat and Rye.
B. A. Eckhart's "Daddy Dollar" Patent Flour
Cable address "Eckhart"
The Old Reliable.
Shirts
Underwear
Hosiery
Clothing
Neckwear
Handkerchiefs
Raincoats
Ladies* and
Children's
Garments
Established 1882
Our Own Building
Lowest Prices Always.
Dress Goods
Silks
Wash Goods
Linens
Lace Curtains
Laces
Embroideries
Ribbons
Notions, Etc.
Wholesale General Merchandise
828 TO 838 ROOSEVELT ROAD
Formerly West Twelfth Street (Cor. Newberry Avenue)
CHICAGO, ILL.
998
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OF THE FIRST THIRTY-FIVE VOLUMES (1885 TO 1919 INCLUSIVE) OF THE
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK.
NOTE — The figures following1 the year are the
page numbers of that volume.
Complete sets of THE DAILY NEWS ALMANAC
AND YEAS-BOOK from the year 1885 to 1920
inclusive can be supplied for $25.00. transpor-
tation prepaid. The first five issues for the
years 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888 and 1889 are
bound in one volume, half morocco, library
style. This volume is sold only to purchasers
of complete sets. A complete set embraces the
library volume and a cloth bound issue for
each succeeding year.
Single cloth bound copies can be bought for
the years 1892 to 1920. except for 1893.
1905. 1906. 1908. 1913, 1915 and 1916, at
the rate of 50 cents each, transportation pre-
paid. Single paper covered copies can be sup-
plied for each year from 1886 to 1903, ex-
cept 1889. 1892, 1896, 1897 and 1899, for 25
cents each at the office of publication, or 35
cents by mail.
Orders should be addressed to THE DAILY
NEWS office. 15 North Wells street. Chi-
cago. 111.
Abbreviations— 1915. 165: 1916. 213: 1917.
44, and in succeeding1 volumes.
Abdul Hamid Deposed— 1910. 212.
Absent Voting Law— 1918. 613.
Abyssinia — In each volume since 1902.
Academy of Arts and Letters. American— 1913.
402. and in succeeding volumes.
Academy. French— 19Q-, 132. and in succeed-
ing1 volumes.
Academy of Sciences — In each volume since
1903.
Acapulco Theater Fire— 1910. 152.
Accidents. First Aid in— 1914. 552.
Accidents, Football — In each volume since 1911.
Accidents, Fourth of July — In each volume
since 1904.
Accidents. Hunting1 — In each volume from
1910 to 1918.
Actors' Fund— 1902. 422: 1903. 380.
Actors' Stage Names— 1889. 186.
Adams. J. G. B.. Sketch— 1894. 64.
Adamson Railroad Act— 1917. 239. 423: 1918.
Addams. Jane. Sketch— 1910. 391.
Administrative Act. Illinois— 1918. 598: 1919.
817.
Adventists— See Religious Statistics.
Aeronautical Progress— In each volume since
1909.
Afghanistan — In each volume since 1902.
Africa Explorations— 1891. 318.
Africa. Partition— 1899. 100.
Age of Presidents at Inauguration— 1886. 16.
Age. When a Man Is of— 1889. 188.
Agricultural Extension Law — 1915. 288.
Agriculture, Statistics — In each volume.
Agriculture vs. Manufactures — 1898, 104.
Agninaldo. E.— 1900. 225: 1901. 260: 1902.
Aid Given Chicago in 1871—1904. 387.
Ailes. M. E.. Sketch— 1902. 99.
Air. Danger of Foul— 1889. 162.
Aircraft Production— 1918. 536: aircraft in-
vestigation, 1919. 563.
Airship. Santos-Dumont's— 1907. 251.
Airships. Military— 1908. 130.
Airship, Wellman — See Wellman Expedition.
Aisne, Battle of— 1915. 455.
Akron (Balloon) Disaster— 1913. 266.
Alaska — In each volume since 1907.
Alaska— Boundary Dispute — 1896, 79: 1898.
257 (map 256): Purchase. 1901. 134:
Award. 1904, 135.
Alaska Coal Leases— 1915. 289.
Alaska. Prohibition in— 1918. 50.
Alaska Railroads— 1915, 288: 1916. 114.
Alaska Territory Organized— 1913. 188.
Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition — 1907. 470:
1908. 390: 1909. 408: 1910. 326.
Albania— 1915, 43; 1916, 161.
Alcohol in Beverages— 1891, 102.
Aldermen, Board of — In each volume.
Aldrich -Payne Tariff— 1910. 37.
Aldrich-Vreeland Law— See Currency Reform.
Alexander. E., Sketch— 1894, 60.
Alfonso XIII.— 1903, 13. 236: Attempts to
Assassinate. 1906. 166: 1907. 26: 1914. 142.
Algeciras Conference — 1907, 85.
Algrer, R. A.. Sketch— 1898. 201: 1903. 234.
Algeria — In each volume since 1906.
Alien Land Owning— 1896. 81.
Alien Property Custodian— 1918. 476. 488.
Allee. J. H., Sketch— 1904. 202.
Allen, C. H.. Sketch— 1901. 249.
Allen. Frederick I.. Sketch— 1902. 99.
Allen, H. N.. Sketch— 1898. 206.
Allen Labor Law in Arizona Void— 1916. 82.
Allied Third Party— 1002. 108.
Allison, William B.. Sketch— 1903. 234.
Alloys. Principal— 1892. 155.
Altgeld. Gov.. to Cleveland— 1895. 82. 84.
Alumni Associations, Chicago— In each volume
since 1903.
Alvey. R. H.. Sketch— 1897. 158.
America Cup Races— 1894. 35b; 1896. 376;
1899 and succeeding volumes.
America, Discovery — 1894, 199.
America Enters Great War— 1918, 377.
American-French Arbitration — 1909. 220.
American-French Reciprocity— 1909. 37.
American Institutions, League to Protect—
1893. 185: 1894. 110.
American-Japanese Agreement — 1909. 404:
1912. 98: as to China, 1918. 276.
American Wealth— 1915. 281.
Ames. A. A., Trial— 1904. 245.
Amundsen. Roald. Expedition — 1907. 246:
1910. 331: 1911. 175: 1912. 210: Reaches
South Pole. 1913, 148; 1915, 338.
Anarchists. Law to Exclude— 1919. 493.
Anarchy— 1902. 108, 110. Ill; 1909.110.215.
282: 1912. 215.
Ancona. Sinking of— 1916, 339.
Anderson. W. F.. Sketch— 1909. 332.
Andrew. A. P.. Sketch— 1911. 333.
Angrell, J. B.. Sketch— 1898. 204.
Anglo-American Peace Centenary — 1916. 114.
Anglo-Boer War— 1900, 123; 1901, 104. 119:
1902. Ill, 217: 1903. 210.
Anglo-French Treaty— 1905, 176.
Anglo-Japanese Alliance — 1903. 145; 1906.
127: 1912, 130.
Ang-lo-Russian Treaty— 1908. 339.
Ankeny. Levi, Sketch— 1904. 202.
Annuity Tables— 1915. 39. and in succeeding
volumes.
Anti-Imperialist League — 1900. 123; 1901.
104. 119.
Antinarcotic Act— 1916, 236.
Antiquities. American— 1911. 87: 1912. 101.
and in succeeding- volumes.
Antitipping- Legislation— 1916, 4^9.
Antitrust Conference— 1900. 122.
Aoki, Ambassador, Recalled — 1908. 395.
Apostles, Fate of— 1888, 128.
Appam Case— 1917, 500; 1918. 551.
Apportionment, Congressional — In each volume
since 1891.
Appropriations by Congress — See Expenditures.
Appropriations, Chicago — In each volume since
1904.
Appropriations, Cook County — In each volume
since 1903.
Appropriations, Illinois — 1904, 429: 1907.
395: 1909, 431. and in succeeding volumes.
Aqueduct, Great, in Australia— 1904. 16.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Aqueducts. Greatest— 1916. 138.
Aquidaban, Loss of— 1907. 101.
Arabic. Sinking of— 1916. 339.
Arbitration Laws of States— 1895. 90.
Arbitration Treaties— 1905. 123: 1909. 220:
1912. 477.' 1913. 190: 1914. 129: 1915,469.
Archbald Impeachment— 1913. 490: 1914. 201.
Arctic and Antarctic Explpration— 1892. 39;
1902, 156, and in succeeding- volumes.
Area, Chicago, Growth of— In each volume
since 1908.
Areas. Comparisons (Maps)— 1894. 216.
Area. United States— 1902. 86, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Argentina and Germany— 1918. 501. %
Argentina— In each volume since 1902.
Arizona. Admission of— 1911. 42: 1912. 73;
1913. 377.
Arizona. Constitution— 1912. 77.
Armenia and Turkey— 1897. 130.
Armenians, Massacre of— 1910, 196: 1911. 71:
1916. 328.
Armies of Great Powers— 1894. 125: 1896.
232: 1899. 97; 1902. 222. and in succeed-
ing volumes
Armistice Terms (World War)— 1919. 456.
624
Armor Plant. Government— 1917. 230.
Army Camps— 1918. 478.
Army. 1st American— 1919. 497.
Army Law of 1916—1917. 204.
Army Law, Volunteer— 1915. 284.
Army Lists — In all volumes from 1886.
Army Officers, Where Born— 1899. 126.
Army Organization — 1902. 195: 1904. 184;
1905. 160; 1906. 173; 1909. 143:1918.480.
Army Staff Law— 1904. 185.
Army. United States, Strength— In each volume
since 1897.
Around World in Forty Days— 1912, 108.
Art Commission. Chicago— 1904, 377: 1905.
390: 1906. 411.
Art Commission. State— 1910. 441: 1912. 502.
and in succeeding volumes.
Art Galleries. Leading— 1911. 76. and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Art Institute — In each volume since 1902.
Art League. Municipal— In each volume since
1904.
Ashurst, H. F., Sketch— 1913. 387.
Asphalt Dispute. Venezuelan— 1906. 149.
Assassinations— 1897. 251: 1902. 110: 1905.
143: 1909. 132. 172: 1914. 138: 1915. 64.
368.
Assessments, Chicago— In each volume since
Assessments, Cook County — In each volume
since 1891.
Assessments. Digesl^-1894, 48: 1895. 147.
Assessments. Illinois — In each volume since
1908.
Assessments of Corporations— 1902, 429
Associated Press— In each volume since 90 .
Associations. National— In each volume since
1902.
Asylums, Chicago— In each volume since 1902.
Athletic Federation. International— 1914, 393.
Atlanta (Ga.) Race War— 1907. 242.
Atlantic City Disaster— 1907. 264.
Atlantic Fisheries Dispute— 1911. 69.
Atrocities in European War— 1915. 448; 1916,
350.
Auditorium, Chicago — 1891, 350.
Australia, Commonwealth — 1892, 61. and in
each volume since 1902.
Austria-Hungary. Abdication of Emperor—
1919, oo9.
Austria-Hungary and Submarine War — 1918.
Austria-Hungary, Death of Emperor of — 1917.
469.
Austria-Hungary— In each volume since 1902.
Austria-Hungary, U. S. Declares War on— 1918.
464. 466: 1919. 327.
Austrian Armistice— 1919. 457.
Austro-Serbian Dispute— 1910, 126.
Authors. Society of Midland— 1916. 643.
Autocracy, Russian. Surrendered— 1906. 311.
Automobile Bandits. French— 1913, 155.
Automobiles— 1902. 66. 306: 1903. 269; 1908.
158. 472.
Automobiles. Rules of Road— 1916. 643.
Avezzano Earthquake— 1916. 49.
Aviation (Army) Law— 1915. 286.
Aviation Fatalities — 1912. 364; 1913. 322:
1914. 395: 1915, 321: 1916. 463: 1917. 390;
in war. 1919. 557.
Aviation — See Aeronautical Progress.
Aylesworth. A. B.. Sketch— 1904. 205.
Bacon. Robert, Sketch— 1906, 298.
Badges, Army. Navy— 1919. 509.
Baer. George F.. Sketch— 1903. 238.
Bailey. Joseph W.. Sketch— 1902. 99: 1908.
353.
Baker, L.. Sketch— 1894. 60: 1896. 89.
Baker, N. D., Made Secretary of War— 1917.
202; visits Europe. 1919. 516.
Baku Riots— 1906. 311.
Balfour, A. J.. Sketch— 1903. 236.
Balkan-Bulgarian War— 1914. 130. 226.
Balkan Crisis— 1909. 318.
Balkan-Turkish War— 1913. 391: 1914. 130.
225.
Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy — 1911. 311;
1912. 225.
Ballinger, R. A., Sketch— 1908. 353; 1910. 33.
Ball, Lewis H.. Sketch— 1904, 202.
Ballooning— 1903. 149: 1908. 130: 1909. 153;
1913, 320; 1914. 396. and in succeeding
volumes.
Ballot Reform— 1892. 51: 1910. 276: 1912.
88, 91, 93.
Ball Teams. World's Tour— 1915. 303.
Ballot, Short — 1912, 91.
Baltimore Fire — 1905, 169.
Banana Trade — 1903, 272.
Bangor (Me.) Fire — 1912, 129.
Bank Clearings — In each volume.
Bank Failures— 1902. 338: 1903. 286.
Bank Guaranty, Kansas — 1910. 123.
Bank Guaranty Laws Legal — 1912, 181.
Bank Guaranty, Nebraska — 1910, 125.
Bank Guaranty. Oklahoma— 1909, .106.
Bank Notes, Life of — 1899, 305.
Banks, British Postoffice — 1902, 109.
Banks, Chicago — In each volume since 1891.
Banks, Federal Reserve — 1915, 591. and in
succeeding volumes.
Banks, National — In each volume since 1891.
Banks, Savings-T1894, 395: 1898. 280: 1901,
288, 309 and in succeeding volumes.
Baptists — See Religious Statistics.
Barbers, Registration of. Illinois— 1910. 441.
Bard, T. R., Sketch — 1901, 246.
Barker-Keller Trial — 1902, 107.
Barker, Wharton. Sketch— 1899, 222; 1901.
243.
Barnes-Roosevelt Libel Case — 1916, 100.
Barometer Table— 1906, 191: 1908. 269. and
in succeeding- volumes.
Barton, Clara, Death of — 1913. 116.
Bashford, James W., Sketch — 1905, 206.
Bates, J. C., Sketch — 1899, 229.
Bathtub Trust Suit — 1914, 398.
Battle Ship Fleet Cruise — 1909, 219: 1910.
260: 1911, 162.
Battles. American— 1919. 329.
Battles in World War— 1918. 551: 1919. 646.
Bavaria, King of, Deposed — 1914, 276; died,
1917, 406.
Bayard, T. F., Sketch — 1894, 59.
Beach, Mrs. David, Walk by — 1913, 67.
Beattie Murder Case — 1912, 562.
Beaubien, Alexander, Death of — 1908, 62.
Beaupre, A. M., Sketch — 1904, 206.
Becker, Charles A., Execution— 1916, 474.
Beef Trust Cases— 1904, 95: 1906, 350; 1907,
262
Beer— 1891, 75: 1892, 110: 1893. 51: 1894,
Beers. Alfred B., Sketch — 1913. 387.
Beiliss Trial — 1914, 419.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLU3IE SEE PAGES 3-14.
1000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Belgian Deportations — 1917, 482: 1918, 504
Belgian War Mission to U. S. — 1918. 527. 571
Belgium — In each volume since 1902.
Belgium, Liberation of— 1919. 674.
Belgium, Political Strike in — 1914, 295.
Belleau Wood. Battle of— 1919. 569.
Bells, Great — 18»y, 178.
Bender Murders — 1909. 282.
Benedict XV., Pope, Election of — 1915, 236.
Benevolent Institutions — 1907, 64.
Bennington Disaster — 1906, 162.
Benson, Alfred W., Sketch— 1907, 272.
Bentley. C. E., Sketch— 1897. 156.
Bergen (Norway) Fire — 1917, 85.
Berger, V. L.. Sketch — 1911, 333.
Bering Sea Dispute— 1893. 65; 1894. 37.
Berlin. Wreck of the — 1908, 169.
Bernstorff as Briber— 1918. 501; Given Pass-
ports. 1918. 382; Propaganda, 1919. 673.
Berry, Joseph H., Sketch — 1905. 206.
Berry. William H.. Sketch — 1906. 300.
Bessey. Charles E.. Sketch — 1912. 404.
Beverages, Alcohol in— 1891. 102.
Beveridge. A. J.. Sketch — 1900, 126.
Bialystok Massacre — 1907, 270.
Bible — 1887, 13; 1894. 212; 1902. 156.
Bibles. The Seven — 1889. 53.
Bickerdyke Memorial — 1904. 363.
Bicycle Industry — 1908. 158.
Bidwell. J.. Sketch— 1893, 62; Letter. 1893.
166.
Bigelow Defalcation — 1906, 343.
Billboard Decision — 1918. 239.
Billings. Frank. Sketch— 1903. 237.
Bimetallism — 1894, 101; 1898. 262; 1899,
154; 1900. 122.
Binghamton (N. Y.) Fire Horror — 1914. 37.
Bird Census — 1916. 39.
Bird Reserves — 1911. 173; 1912. 246; 1913,
352; 1914. 41. 42; 1916. 222.
Birds. Cage — 1908. 59.
Birds of Illinois — 1909, 174.
Birth and Death Rate— 1901. 137; 1903. 93.
and in succeeding volumes.
Birth Stone
volumes.
1909, 273. and in succeeding
Births per Hour and Minute— 1909. 63: 1910.
94.
Bissell, W. S.. Sketch — 1894, 58.
Bjornson. B.. Death of— 1911. 68.
Black, John C.. Sketch — 1904. 206; 1911. 182.
Black River Falls Flood — 1912. 394.
Blackburn. J. C. S.. Sketch— 1901. 246.
Blacklisting- by Britain — 1017. 5?1 .
Blanc. Mont. Capture of— 1919. 570.
Blanchard. N. C.. Sketch — 1895. 105.
Bleriot Flies Over Enerlish Channel — 1910, 283.
Blind and Deaf in Chicago— 1905. 433; 1910.
510.
Bliss. C. N., Sketch — 1898, 202.
Blizzard in Chicago— 1919. 952.
Bluefields Incident — 1895. 233.
Blue Sky Legislation — 1914. 408; 1918. 40.
611.
Bokhara — In each volume since 1902.
Bolivia — In each volume since 1902.
Boll Weevil, Ravages of — 1915. 174.
Bolo Pasha Treason Case — 1919. 477.
Bolsheviki. Rise of— 1918. 512: 1919. 469.
656.
Bomb Explosion. Chicago— 1919. 85.
Bombing Crews, Training of— 1919. 677.
Bonaparte, C. J.. Skeich — 1906, 298.
Bond Bill — 1897. 111.
Bond Syndicate — 1896. 191.
Bonds. Illinois Rord. Vote — 1919. 289.
Bonds. Liberty— 1918. 523: 1919, 367. 388.
Book, Smallest in Work' — 190'2. 65.
Books. Most Popular — 1902. 218.
Books Produced in 1901 — 1903. 118.
Books. Rare, of the World — 1902. 186; 1908.
217.
Books. Record Prices for — 1912, 172.
Borah, W. E., Sketch — 1908. 353.
Borax. Source of — 1918. 111.
Borden, R. L., Sketch — 1912. 404.
Borden-Lane Expedition — 1917. 167.
Borup-Alacmiilan Expedition — 1912, 210.
Bosnia, Annexation of by Austria — 1909, 318.
bosschieter Trial — 1902, 107.
boston Light Anniversary — 1917, 353.
Botties, Drift of Floating — 1902, 64.
boulevard Link, Chicago — 1915, 602; 1916,
675; 1917, 543; 1918, 689.
Bouievards — See Chicago Parks and Boulevards.
Bourne, J., Sketch — 1908, 353.
Boutell. H. S.. Sketch — 1912. 404.
Bowen. W. H., Sketch— 1904, 204.
Bowers, L. W., Sketch — 1910, 391.
Boxer Indemnity — 1908, 191; 1909. 163.
Boxers, The — 1901. 269.
Bcxes. Capacity— 1889. 189.
boycott, Chinese — 1906, 351.
Boycotting (Danbury case) — 1909. 256; 1916,
Boycotting (Buck Stove Co. case) — 1912. 64:
1914, 444; 1915. 337; 1916, 253; 1917.
328: 1918, 584: 1919. 764.
Boy Sr-out Movement — 1912, 478; 1913. 418;
1914, 560; 191^. 197.
Boyertown (Pa.) Fire— 1909. 260.
Bradley, W. O., Sketch — 1896, 93; 1909. 322.
Brady. James H.. Sketch— 1914, 256.
Braga, T . Sketch— 1911. 333.
Bragg, E. S.. Sketch — 1903. 235.
Brandegee. Frank B., Sketch — 1906. 297:
1910, 391.
Brazil — In each volume since 1902.
Bread. Cost of — 1917, 398.
Breckinridge, C. R., Sketch — 1895. 105.
Breckinridge, J. C., Sketch — 1899. 227.
Brennan's Monora;l — 1908. 243.
Brest-Litovsk Treaty— 1919. 464.
Briand. Attempt to Kill — 1912, 213.
Briceville Mine Disaster — 1912. 497.
Bridge Disaster, Quebec — 1908, 398.
Bridge, Memorial — 1914,. 238.
Bridge. Memphis— 1918. 74.
Bridles. Great— 1898. 245: 1903. 193; 1905.
102; 1909. 264; 1918. 74. 152.
Bridges, New York — 1909. 246.
Bridges, Robert. Sketch — 1914. 256.
Briggs, F. O.. Sketch — 1908. 353.
Briquets. Fuel— 1917. 62: 1919. 162.
Bristol. F. M.. Sketch — 1909. 312.
Britain's Part in the War— 1919. 660.
British-American Military Treaty— 1919. 692.
British Budget Dispute — 1910. 431.
British War Mission — 1918. 527.
Brodhead. J. O.. Sketch— 1894. 60.
Brodie. Alexander O., Sketch — 1902, 99.
Brokers' Technicalities — 1893. 75.
Brooke, J. R.. Sketch — 1899. 227.
Broom Corn Production — 1907. 470.
Broussard, R. F . Sketch — 1913. 388.
Broward. N.. Sketch — 1911. 333.
Brown. Arthur. Sketch— 1911. 160.
Brown, Elmer E., Sketch — 1907. 272.
Brown. George N.. Sketch — 1902. 99.
Brown, Norris. Sketch — 1908. 353.
Brown, W. C., Sketch — 1910. 391.
Brownsville Affair — 1910. 65.
Brussels Exposition Fire — 1911. 52.
Bryan, C. P, Sketch— 1898. 206; 1904, 204.
Bryan. N. P., Sketch— 1912. 404.
Bryan. W, James, Sketch — 1909. 3<?2
Bryan, W. J., Sketch — 1897. 154; 1901. 242 •.
1909. 321: 1914. 35: Resignation of as Sec-
retary of State. 1916. 334.
Bryan's New York Speech — 1908. 80.
Bubonic Plague in India — 1906. 76.
Buchtel, Henry A., Sketr-h — 1907, 273.
Buck, A. E.. Sketch — 1898. 205.
Buck's Stove Company Boycott — 1910. 275
(see Bovcottin?>.
Buckner. S. B .. Sketch — 1897. 157.
Plan. Taft — 1914, 12
.
Buffalo. American— 1903. 260: 1919. 202.
. F.
Cody.
Bill. Depth— S»« W,
. pints fo^— i 387. 7.
,,._-. Tp"est — 1903. 102: 1908. 105.
Buildings. High, in New York — 1906. 348:
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
1001
1913, 225, and in succeeding- volumes.
Buildings, Notable, Chicago — 1910, 515, and
in succeeding volumes.
Bukharest's Population — 1902, 218.
Bulgaria — In each volume since 1902.
Bulgaria in European War — 1916, 320.
Bulgarian Armistice— 1919. 456.
Bulgarian-Balkan War — 1914, 130, 226.
Bulgarian Independence Proclaimed — 1909, 318.
Bulkeley, Morgan G., Sketch — 1906, 297.
Bullard. B. L.. Sketch— 1919. 652.
Burian. Baron von. Peace Views— 1919. 444.
Burke. John, Sketch — 1911, 333; 1914, 256.
Burkett, Elmer J., Sketch — 1906, 297.
Burleigh, E. C., Sketch — 1914, 256.
Burleson. A. S., Sketch— 1914. 35.
Burnham, D. H., Death of — 1913, 225.
Burnham, Henry E., Sketch — 1902, 99; 1908,
353.
Burr, William H., Sketch — 1905. 205.
Burrows, J. C., Sketch— 1896. 89.
Burt, William, Sketch — 1905, 23.
Burton. C. G., Sketch— 1908. 353.
Burton, Joseph B.— 1902. 99.
Burton. T. E., Sketch— 1910. 391.
Bushel Weights, Statutory — In each volume
since 1905.
Bushnell, A. S., Sketch — 1896, 93.
Business Houses, Old Chicago— 1917. 641, and
in succeeding volumes.
Butler, Marion, Sketch— 1896, 90; 1899, 228.
Butler, N. M., Sketch — 1903, 2 J7.
Cabinets, United States — In each volume since
1901.
Cable Control by Government— 1919. 535.
Cables of the World — 1903, 102; 1904, 136;
1907. 86: 1908. 42.
Caceres, President, Killed— 1912. 482.
Cacti, Spineless, Lands for — 1913, 189.
Caffery, D., Sketch — 1901, 246.
Caillaux Treason Case— 1919. 479.
Calabria. Earthquakes in— 1906, 319; 1911.
86.
Cambrai, Battle of— 1918. 548.
Camden, J. N., Sketch — 1894, 64.
Caminetti, A., Sketch — 1914, 256.
Camp Names, Source of — 1918, 480.
Campaign Contributions — 1912, 69; 1913, 541.
Campaign, National, in 1912 — 1913. 399.
Campbell, E. K.. Sketch— 1914, 256.
Campbell, T. L., Sketch — 1901, 249.
Camps. Army— 1918, 478.
Samps, Internment — 1918, 532.
anada — In each volume since 1902.
Canada-American Military Treaty— 1919, 692.
Canada Dairy Industries — 1914. 158.
Canada's Part in the War— 1919. 665.
Canadian-American Commission — 1899,
159.
Canadian Beciprocity — 1912, 67.
Canadian Sunday La ^--1907, 192.
Canal, Drainage — See Sanitary District.
Canal, Hennepin, Opened — 1908, 231; 1911,
94; 1912, 121.
Canal, New York State — In each volume since
1909.
Canal, Panama — 1892. 60; 1900, 115; 1901.
280, 298; Treaty, 1902, 331; Bill for. 1903,
145; 1904, 250. and in succeeding volumes.
Canal. Panama, Fortifications of — 1912, 66:
Tolls fixed, 1913, 182 (Panama canal act).
Canal, Panama, Tolls Act — 1914, 219.
Canal, Suez — 1904, 15.
Canalejas Assassinated — 1913, 421.
Canals and Bivers — 1899, 273; 1900. 118, 140.
Canals, Great Ship — 1903, 17, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Canals in the United States — In each volume
since 1909.
Cannon, F. J., Sketch — 1897, 160.
Canonsburg (Pa.) Disaster — 1912, 252.
Canteen, Army — 1901, 160.
Cantonments. National Army — 1918. *79.
Cape of Good Hope — 1906, 124; 1909, 183;
1910, 192.
Capital Issues Committee— 1919. 365.
Capital. National — 1899, 181; 1900, 93; 1909.
Capital Punishment — 1906, 136; 1907. 55;
1908, 32; 1909, 268; 1910, 168; 1911, 136;
1912, 152; 1913, 210 (effect on homicides) ;
1914, 295, and in succeeding- volumes.
Capital Stock Assessment — 1906, 390.
Capitol in Washington — 1908, 63; 1909. 124.
and in succeeding volumes.
Car, Capacity — 1887, 17.
Car Ferry. Wreck— 1911, 345; Largest, 1914.
140.
Cardinals — See Beligrious Statistics.
Carlisle, J. G., Sketch — 1894, 57.
Carlos I. Assassinated — 1909, 132.
Carlos, Don, Death of — 1910, 179.
Carmack, Edward W.. Sketch — 1902, 99.
Carnegie, Andrew, Gifts— 1902, 68; 1904, 250:
1905. 240.
Carnegie Corporation — 1912, 407.
Carnegie Foundation — In each volume since
1906.
Carnegie Hero Fund — In each volume since
1905.
Carnegie Institution — In each volume since
Carnegie Libraries— 1910, 218.
Carnegie Peace Fund — 1911, 451: 1912, 99.
Carr, Gen. E. A., Sketch — 1893, 63.
Carranza Government Becognized — 1916, 301.
Carrel. Alexis— 1913, 388.
Carrizal, Fight at — 1917, 537.
Carroll. George W., Sketch — 1905, 203.
Cartago Earthquake — 1911, 140.
Carter, G. B., Sketch — 1904, 204.
Carter, T. H., Sketch — 1896, 89; 1906, 297.
Casablanca Decision— 1912, 99.
Casement, Sir Roger, Execution— 1917. 481.
Cash Begister company, Suit — 1913, 214;
1914; 398.
Castro. President, Deposed— 1910. 209.
Casualties. First American— 1919. 331.
Casualties in War— 1919. 329.
Catchings, Cleveland to — 1895.
126.
Cathedrals. Great — 1891. 334.
Catholic Church — See Religious Statistics.
Cavell, Edith. Execution of— 1916. 332: 1919.
703.
Cemeteries. Chicago — In each volume since
1902.
Cemeteries, National— In each volume from
1904 to 1912.
Census Bureau — 1901, 308: 1912, 219. 391.
Census, Quinquennial — 1896. 194.
Census, School. Chicasro — 1905, 431; 1907,
423; 1908, 473; 1909, 465, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Census. Thirteenth United States— 1910. 206:
1911. 432.
Centenarians in United States — In each volume
Centenary Celebrations in 1909 — 1910. 64.
Centennial, Illinois— 1914. 560: 1918. 628.
630: 1919. 831.
Central American War — 19^8. 188.
Century. Beginning of— 1901. 184.
Chaffee, A. B., Sketch — 1899, 228.
Chafin. E. W., Sketch— 1909. 331; 1913. 387.
Chamberlain, G. E., Sketch— 1910, 391.
Chamberlain, J. C., Resignation — 1904. 245.
Chamberlain-Wilson Dispute— 1919, 400.
Chamberlin, T. C., Sketch — 1909, 322.
Champagne, Battle of — 1916, 321.
Champions of Christendom — 1912, 188.
Chandler, W. E.. Death of — 1918, 579.
Charcot Expedition — 1911. 175.
Charities, Cook County — 1910. 466; 1911, 481.
Charities, Illinois— 1908, 429; 1909, 417:
1910, 435, 441.
Charity ©rg-anizations — In each volume since
1902.
Charles I.. Emperor, Abdication— 1919. 659.
Charles, Prince, Sketch — 1906, 300.
Charleston (111.) Storm — 1918. 36.
flharlpston (S. C.) Storm — 191 2. 108.
Charter Amendment, Chicago — 1906, 379.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1002
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Charter, New, for Chicago — 1904, 360; 1905,
429: 1906, 421; 1907, 468; Defeated, 1908.
495; 1910. 522; 1911, 544; 1912, 547.
Chateau-Thierry. Battle of— 1919. 663, 668.
Chauncey, .Loss of tne — 1918, 542.
Chelsea (Mass.) Fire — 1909, 187.
Chemicals, Common Names — 1885, 9.
Cherry Mine Disaster — 1910. 405.
Chester (Pa.) Race Riots — 1918, 147.
Chevrons. Wound and Service— 1919. 509.
Chicago and World War — 1918, 569, 5754.
Chicago at a Glance — In each volume since
1910.
Chicago. Centers of— 1909, 44; 1910. 483.
Chicago City Officials — In each volume.
Chicago Civic Federation — 1898. 402.
Chicago Election Returns — In each volume.
Chicago Elevators — 1891, 340.
Chicago Grain and Produce Statistics — In each
volume from 1891.
Chicago, Growth — 1891. 342: 1902, 60. (See
Area. Chicago. Growth of.)
Chicago. Map of— 1904. 407.
Chicago Mayors — In each volume.
Chicago, Nationality of Voters — 1889, 157:
1894, 318.
Chicago, Notable Buildings — In each volume
since 1891.
Chicago Officials — In each volume.
Chicago Parks and Boulevards — In each vol-
ume since 1891.
Chicago Plan— 1910. 514: 1919. 716.
Chicago, Points of Interest in — In each volume
since 1906.
Chicago, Progress of — In each volume since
1909.
Chicago, Valuation — In each volume since
1903.
Chicago Voters' League — 1898, 404.
Chicago War Bodies — 1918, 776.
Chicago Weather — In each volume since 1900.
Chicagoans Killed in War— 1919. 836.
Chicagoans, Old — In each volume since 1909.
Chiesa, Cardinal, Made Pope — 1915, 236.
Child Labor Law, Illinois — 1904. 362.
Child Labor Statistics — 1908, 169; 1909, 163.
Children in Flats — 1910, 443.
Children's Bureau Act— 1913. 186.
Chile, Ambassador to — 1915. 290.
Chile — In each volume since 1902.
Chile-Peru Controversy— 1919, 716.
Chilean Difficulty with United States — 1893,
66.
Chilean War— 1892, 59.
Chilton, W. F., Sketch — 1912, 404.
Chimney, Highest — 1907, 13.
China and Japanese-American Agreement —
1918, 276.
China — In each volume since 1902.
China, Death of Emperor and Empress — 1909.
China, Famine in — 1912, 395.
China, Japan and Korea — 1895, 235: 1896, 76.
China, Missions — 1901. 275.
China, Partition — 1899, 97.
China, Revolution in — 1912. 480; 1913. 394;
1914, 401.
China Votes for Monarchy — 1916, 305: Renub-
lic Maintained. 1917, 165: Imperialist Plot.
1918, 276.
China. War— 1901, 269, 271, 291; 1902, 333.
Chinese Calendar — In each volume since 1905.
Chinese Cut Off Queues — 1912, 140.
Chinese in United States— 1902. 54; 1904, 64.
Chinese-Japanese Dispute — 1916. 173.
Chinese Railway Loan— 1910, 216: 1911, 327.
Chinese Registration — 1894, 201; 1895, 368.
Chinese-Russian Dispute — 1912. 320.
Chinese Treaty, The — 1895. 368.
Chipilly Ridge. Battle of— 1919, 614.
Choate, J. H., Sketch — 1900, 124.
Cholera. Asiatic — 1886, 79. In Russia, 1909.
319; Epidemic, 1911, 131; In America, 1912,
308.
Cholera, How to Escape — 1893, 108.
Cholera Mixture— 1888. 128.
Christian IX., Death of — 1907, 72.
Christian Population — 1901, 145; 1902, 149.
Christianity, Growth — 1896, 103.
Christmas Packages for Soldiers— 1919, 674.
Chun, Prince, Abdicates — 191xJ, 480.
Church Days — In each volume.
Churches — See Religious Statistics.
Churches, Capacity— 1893. 114.
Churches, Seven, of Asia, — 1912, 188.
Cicero, Annexation Vote — 1912, 461.
Cincinnati, Society of the — See Societies, Pa-
triotic.
Circus Train Wreck— 1919. 160.
Cisterns, Capacity — 1889, 189.
Cities, Altitude— 1892, 331; 1918, 106.
Cities, Commission Governed — 1917, 125.
Cities, Growth — 1900, 266; 1902, 50; 1903.
82.
Cities, Largest — 1888, 2; 1903. 187, and in
succeeding volumes.
Cities, Popular Names— 1889, 180: 1891. 118;
1896, 50.
Cities, Population of — See Population.
Cities, Statistics of— 1891. 99; 1903. 106, and
in succeeding volumes.
Citizen, How to Become a — 1896, 228.
Citizens, Who Are — In each volume since 1908.
City of Athens. Loss of— 1919. 138.
City Manager Plan — 1915, 152; 1917. 142.
City Officials, Chicago— In each volume.
Civic Music Association — 1915, , 614; 1916.
628.
Civil Service, Chicago — 1896, 214; 1905. 381;
1906, 411; 1907, 416.
Civil Service, Illinois — 1906, 388: 1907, 394;
1908, 428; 1912, 82.
Civil Service, United States — 1904, 101, and
in succeeding volumes.
Civil War Survivors — 1904, 22; 1905, 122;
1906. 26; 1907. 32; 1908, 98: 1909, 116;
1910. 320; 1911. 326.
Clapp, Moses E., Sketch— 1902. 99.
Clark, Champ — 1912, 404.
Clark, Charles E., Sketch — 1903. 236.
Clark, E. C., Sketch— 1899. 224.
Clark, Edgar E., Sketch — 1903, 238.
Clark, Senator, Case — 1901. 122.
Clark, W. A.. Sketch— 1900. 127.
Clarke. James P., Sketch— 1903. 234: 1910.
391.
Clarkson, T. S.. Sketch— 1897. 162.
Clay. A. S., Sketch — 1897, 161; 1898, 207.
Clayton Antitrust Law — 1915, 287.
Clayton, Powell. Sketch — 1898, 204.
Clemenceau Cabinet, Fall of — 1910, 260.
Clemens, Samuel L., Death — 1911, 170.
Clements, J. C.. Sketch — 1912. 404.
Cleveland, Grover, Letters — 1893. 163; 1895.
83. 84.
Cleveland. Grover, Sketch — 1893, 61: Death
of. 1909. 215.
Cleveland. Messages — 1895, 109.
Climate of United States — In each volume from
1890.
Clubs, Chicago — In each volume since 1902.
Clyde Shipbuilding — 1903, 148.
Coal Contract Decision — 1913, 501.
Coal Miners' Strike— 1898. 242; 1903. 191:
1904. 103.
Coal Production— 1888, 10: 1892. 102: 1893.
59; 1895, 245; 1898. 396, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Coal Production, Illinois — 1905, 373; 1906.
437: 1907. 440; 1910, 521, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Coal Production, World's — 1903, 410.
Coal Supply, Estimated — 1910, 173.
Coal Trust — 1908, 234.
Coast Guard Law — 1916, 235.
Coast Line of United States — 1909, 32, and in
succeeding volumes.
Coburn. Foster D.. Sketch— 1907. 272.
Cody. W. F., Death of — 1918. 154.
Coercion of Employes Decision — 1916. 243.
Coffee Consumption— 1898. 51: 1900. 49; 1903,
72, and in succeeding volumes.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1003
Coffee Production — 1905, 233.
Coffee Trade — 1900. 75; 1908. 152.
Coghlan. J. B.. Sketch— 1899. 244; Death,
1909. 411. •
Coinage, History of Our — 1892, 27.
Coinage Laws — 1897, 65.
Coinage of Nations — 1894. 180; 1899, 82, and
in succeeding volumes.
Coinage, United States — In each volume since
1893.
Coinage. World's— 1898, 78; 1900. 81; 1902,
24; 1903. 47; 1905, 77; 1907. 90. and in
succeeding volumes.
Coin Equivalents — 1896, 55.
Coins, About — 1887. 9; 1893, 108; 1908. 165.
Coins. Value of Foreign — In each volume since
1890.
Coldest Days in Chicago— 1913, 572, and in
succeeding volumes.
College Colors — 1905, 360; 1907, 61. and in
succeeding volumes.
Colleges and Universities — 1890, 166; 1896.
202; 1897, 49, 87; 1898, 87, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Collier. W. M., Sketch— 1906. 298.
Collinwood (O.) Disaster — 1909, 243.
Colombia — In each volume since 1902.
Colombia- Venezuela Dispute — 1902, 218.
Colon. Panama, Fire — 1916. 83.
Colonial Policy — 1901. 64.
Colonial System of World— 1899. 138; 1900.
146. and in succeeding volumes.
Colonial Wars, Society of — See Societies, Pa-
triotic.
Colorado Railroad Wreck — 1907, 117.
Colt. Le Baron B.. Sketch — 1914. 256.
Columbia. Wreck of the— 1908. 234; 1919.
Columbus. Christopher, Accident — 1918. 166.
Columbus Memorial. Washington — 1908, 75.
Comet, A. of 1910—1911. 32.
Comet, Halley'
32
-1909, 26; 1910, 332; 1911.
Commerce and Labor Department — 1904, 100,
160.
Commerce Court Law — 1911, 34; 1913, 192;
1914. 243 (repealed).
Commerce, Trade and Manufactures, Statis-
tics—In each volume from 1891.
Commission Form of Government — 1910, 520;
1911. 46; 1912. 88, 91; 1917. 125, 142.
Committees. Political, Cook County — In each
volume from 1890.
Committees, Political, Illinois — In each volume
from 1886.
Committees. Political, National — In each vol-
ume from 1886.
Compass. Watch as a — 1892, 51.
Compensation Acts — 1912. 79, 96.
Conant. Luther. Sketch — 1913. 388.
Conciliation. Board. U. S. — 1915. 234.
Concrete. Military Uses of— 1919. 73.
Confederate Pensions — 1898. 17.
Congratulations. Peace— 1919.
483
Rel
.
ligious Sta-
Congregational Churches— See
tistics.
Congress. Contested Seats — 1901. 122.
Congress, First Woman in — 1917, 539.
Congress. Parties in — 1895, 157; 1908, 79;
1909, 423; 1912, 273, and in succeeding
volumes.
Congress, United States — In every volume.
Congress. Wilson Asks for Democratic— 1919.
325.
Congress, Work of — See Legislation.
Congressional Districts — Chicago, 1903. 375;
1904. 416 (map): 1905. 407. 438: Illinois.
1904. 349 (map): 1905. 375: New. 1902.
102. See election returns in each volume for
districts in aH states.
Conjugal Statistics — 1895, 72; 1904, 68; 1905,
63: 1906. 62.
Constitution, United States — 1889. 170; 1908.
33: 1909. 33: 1911. 440: 1914. 44.
Constitutional Convention (HI.) Vote— 1919,
289. 807.
Conscription. Irish— 1919. 772.
Consular Builumgb — iyj.ii, t»d.
., .
Consular Reorganization — 1907, 175
Consuls, United States — In each volume from.
1886.
Consuls in Chicago— In each volume since-
1903.
Convention, Reciprocity — 1906. 142.
Conventions, Political (platforms, etc.). Na-
tional — In each volume.
Conventions, Political, State — In each volume
from 1886.
Convicts and Convict Labor — 1898, 93.
Convicts in Penitentiaries — 1892. 98; 1898, 96.
Cook Arctic Expedition — 1908, 135; 1910.
328; Sketch of F. A. Cook, 1910, 391; Cook;
Discredited. 1911, 175.
Cook County Bonded Debt — In each volume
from 1890.
Cook County Civil List — In each volume from.
1888.
Cook County Elections — In each volume.
Cook County Forest Preserve — 1917. 661.
Cook County Officials — In each volume.
Cookery. Scientific— 1887. 10.
Cooley. E. G.. Sketch — 1908, 353.
Coppage Coercion Case Decision — 1916. 243.
Copper Production— See Mineral Products.
Copyright Rules— 1896. 225; 1902. 75. and
in succeeding volumes.
Corbett, W. H.. Sketch — 1898, 209.
Cork Production— 1903. 69.
Corn — See Agriculture, each volume.
Corn and Pellagra — 1912. 152.
Corn for Fuel — 1898. 101.
Corn Products Suit— 1914. 398.
Corn. To Measure — 1888, 11.
Corporation Tax, Federal — 1910, 59, 473:
1912. 181.
Cor-egan. Charles H., Sketch — 1905. 204.
Corrupt Practices Act — 1912, 93.
Cortelyou, G. B., Sketch — 1901. 249; 1904.
204.
Cost of Living — 1902. 215; 1904. 348; 1907.
Costa Rica — In each volume since 1902.
Costa Rica Earthquake— 1912, 414.
Cotton — See Agriculture.
Cotton and Its Uses — 1909, 64.
Cotton Futures Act — 1917. 194.
Cotton Spinners' Strike — 1895. 89.
Cotton States Exposition — 1896. 97
Cotton Tariff Bill and Veto— 1912, 73.
Coudert. F. R.. Sketch — 1897. 159.
Council for National Defense — 1917, 234;
1918, 518.
Councils. Allied War— 1919. 479.
Counties. Banner Agricultural— 1915. 195.
Countries Compared — 1894, 216.
Country Life. Report on — 1910. 174.
Country, Size of Our — 1888. 17.
Country. The Indian— 1889. 186.
County Buildings. Cook — 1903. 376; 1904.
368; 1905. 382: 1906, 401; 1907, 412, and
in succeeding volumes.
County Officials — In each volume.
County Officers. Illinois— 1894. 171: 1899.
289; 1900. 249: 1909. 438; 1910, 450. and
in succeeding volumes.
Court, Municipal. Chicago — 1906, 380, and suc-
ceeding volumes.
Court Tragedy in Virginia — 1913. 418.
Courts. Cook County — In each volume.
Courts, Illinois — In each volume.
Courts. United States — In each volume.
Cox. William W.. Sketch — 1905, 204.
Coxevism — 1895. 94.
Crais-hill. W. P., Sketch — 18P6. 88.
Crane. Larg-est in World — 1912. 240.
Crane, Winthrop M.. Sketch — 1905, 205; 1908.
Cranfill. J. B.. Sketch — 1893. 61.
Cranston. E., Sketch — 1897, 162.
Crawford. Coe L.. Sketch— 1907. 274: 1910.
391.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1004
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Creed Revision — 1892. 45.
Crete, Greece and Turkey — 1898, 249.
Crib Disaster in Chicago — 1910, 384.
Crime, Statistics of — 1908, 385; 1909, 267;
1910, 167; 1911, 135; 1912, 393.
Cripples in Chicago — 1905, 433; 1906, 440;
1911, 586; 1913. 618.
Crisis, Financial, in 1907 — 1908. 357.
Crocker Land Expedition — 1912, 210; 1913,
150; 1914, 184; 1917, 167.
Cronholm Affair— 1918. 501.
Cronin Case Chronology — 1890, 173.
Crop Statistics — In each volume.
Cruce, Lee, Sketch — 1911, 333.
Cuba — In each volume since 1899.
Cuba, Constitutional Convention — 1901, 254;
1902, 144.
Cuba, Map — 1899, 122.
Cuba, Postal Frauds — 1901, 253.
Cuba. Revolt in— 1896. 93; 1897, 135; 1898,
275; 1899. 103; 1907. 248; 1913. 501.
Cuban Reciprocity Treaty — 1904. 221.
Cuban Self-Government Restored— 1910. 196.
Cudahy Kidnaping- Case — 1910, 112.
Culberson, C. A., Sketch — 1900. 128.
Cullom. S. M., Sketch— 1908, 354; Death of.
1915. 119.
Cummins. Albert B., Sketch — 1907, 273; 1910.
391.
Cunard Liners Lost— 1919. 547.
Cup, Drinking, Act — 1912, 88.
Currency Reform — 1901, 127; 1908, 364:
1909. 166.
Currency, Value in Gold — 1899, 254.
Curry. J. L. M., Sketch — 1903. 236.
Curtis. Charles. Sketch — 1908, 354.
Curtis. W. E.. Sketch — 1894, 62.
Customs Court — 1910, 59.
Czar, Peace Declaration of — 1899. 102.
Czar's Address to Duma — 1907. 268.
Czar Nicholas II. Deposed— 1918. 508: Killed.
1919. 469.
Czechp-Slovak Republic— 1919. 520.
Czernin. Count, on Cause of War— 1919, 628.
Czolgosz, -Leon — 1902, 109.
Daily News. Visit to The — 1885, 59; 1886, 90.
Dakota. Facts About — 1899, 180.
Dam, Elephant Butte — 1917. 302.
Damascus, Syria, Fire — 1913. 206.
Danbury Hat Case — 1909. 256; 1911. Ill;
1913. 390; 1914. 559; 1915, 298; 1916. 251.
Daniels. Josephus, Sketch— 1914. 35.
Danish West Indies Treaty — 1903. 156; 1917,
420; Turned Over to United States, 1918,
508.
Dardanelles. Naval Battle— 1919. 852.
Darrow. C. S.. Trial of — 1913. 397.
Dates of Recent Events — In each volume since
1904.
Davidson, James O., Sketch — 1907. 274.
Davies. Josenh E.. Sketch — 1914, 256.
Davis, George W.. Sketch — 1905. 205.
Davis. Henry G.. Sketch — 1905. 203.
Davis. Jefferson. Sketch — 1908. 354.
Davis. Will J., Trial — 1908. 78.
Dawes Hotel — 1915, 618.
Dawson, T. C.. Sketch — 1910, 68.
Daylight Savinsr Movement — 1910. 68; 1917,
62: Law. 1919. 758.
Day Line. The — 1888. 13.
Day, To Find the — 1891. 141.
Day. W. R., Sketch — 1899. 221: 1904, 204.
Day. When It Begins— 1894. 204.
Days. Unlucky — 1888. 10.
Deaf and Blind in Chicago — 1905. 433; 1906.
440; 1909. 468; 1910. 510; 1911. 586:
1912. 585: 1913. 618
Deaf in United Spates — 1907. 242; 1910. 113:
1911. 445: 1913. 4*8.
Dnaf-Mnte School — 1*92. P6.
D^Pth, Damages for— 1904. 363.
D^ath Rate — Tn each volume s'nce 1P02.
D°ath Boll — In earh vo'nme from 1890.
D^Vtoe W J pvotov, — ion« OOR
Deb8, E. V.; Sketch— 1901, 245; 1905. 204;
1909. 322; 1913. 387; Trial. 1919. 539.
Debt and Bank Credits— 1919. 718.
Debt and Wealth of .Nations — 1894, 101; 1898.
142; 1900, 153.
Debt, Bonded, of States — 1893, 53.
Debt, Chicago City — In each volume from
1890.
Debt, Cook County — In each volume from
1891.
Debt, National — In each volume from 1887.
Debts, National — In each volume since 1902.
Debts of American Cities — In each volume
since 1903.
Debts of States — 1892, 97; 1893, 53; 1918,
212.
Debts, State and County — 1907. 260.
Debts. War-^1919. 334.
Deceased-Wife's-Sister Law — 1908. 73.
Decision, Steel Corporation — 1916, 48.
Decisions, Labor — 1916. 243.
Declaration of Independence— 1908. 31; 1919.
710.
Declaration of London— 1912. 78; 1913. 178;
in full. 1919. 531.
Declarations of War — 1919. 327.
Decorations for Chicagoans — In each volume
since 1906.
Decorations. Medals. Law— 1919. 397. 398.
Deep-Sea Depths — 1895, 168.
Deep Waterways — 1898. 236.
Deering, William, Death — 1914. 560.
Defalcations in 1893—1894. 374.
Defenbach-Unger Trial — 1902. 107.
Defense Council Law (111.) — 1918. 607.
Defense. Movement for — 1917, 199, 204, 234.
De Lome Letter — 1899, 109.
Deneen. Gov.. on Deep Waterways — 1908, 399.
Denman-Goethals Dispute — 1918, 531.
Denmark — In each volume since 1902.
Departure. Unlawful. Act— 1919. 382.
Depew. C. M.. Sketch — 1900. 128.
Deportations. Alien— 1919. 161.
Deportations, American Note on — 1917, 482,
483.
Deportations, Belgian and French — 1917, 482;
1918, 604.
Derby. American — See Sporting Records.
Des Moines Plan of City Government — 1909,
237.
Deutschland, Voyages of — 1917, 473.
Dewey. George, Sketch — 1899, 115. 222, 319;
Death. 1918. 240.
Diamonds. Celebrated— 1902, 98; 1906. 132.
and in succeeding volumes.
Diamonds, Weight of — In each volume since
1904.
D^az, Porfirio. Deposed — 1912. 211.
Dick. Charles. Sketch — 1905. 205.
Dickinson. J. M., Sketch — 1910. 33.
Dickinson. J. McG.. Sketch — 1908. 354.
Diet for Fleshy Persons — 1903. 148.
Dietrich, Charles H., Sketch — 1902, 99.
Dietz. John F., Case — 1912, 215.
Digestion, Time Required for — 1886, 83; 1903.
55.
Dillingham. W. P., Sketch— 1901. 246; 1909.
322
Dillon. Lou, Pedigree — 1904. 228.
Dingley Tariff Bill— 1908. 69.
Diplomatic and Consular Service — In each
volume from 1886.
TV^omatic Buildins-s — 1912. 66.
Diplomatic Correspondence. U. S.— 1915. 370:
1916. 339. 360; 1917. 485.
Direct Primaries — 1912, 93.
Disarmament of Eurone — 1899. 102.
T^sease. Foot and Mouth — 1916. 215. 661.
Diseases, Contagious and Eruntive — 1886, 82.
TVseases. Occupational. Act — 1912. 91.
Distance and Sijrht— 1890. 181.
Distance Between Cities — In each volume since
Dances from Chicago— 1902. 420: 1904.427:
1Q05. 379.
Distances Seen on Lakes — In each volume since
1908.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
1005
Distances to Insular Possessions — 1902, 148;
1903, 162; 1904, 171; 1905, 22.
Divorce Laws — 1893, 84; 1902, 140, and in
succeeding voiumes.
Divorce Statistics — 1910, 214, and in succeed-
ing1 volumes.
Dix, John A., Sketch — 1911. 333.
Dixon, J. M., Sketch — 1908, 354.
Dockery, A. M., Sketch— 1914. 256.
Dole, S. B., Sketch — 1901, 248.
Dollar, Bullion Value — 1892, 200.
Dollar, Silver in a — 1894. 198.
Dolliver, J. P., Sketch — 1901, 246; 1903, 234;
1908, 354.
Domestic Trade in U. S. — 1917, 172.
Don Carlos, Death of — 1910, 179.
Donnelly, I., Sketch — 1899. 222; 1901, 244.
Dowie. J. A., Death of — 1908, 171.
Draft in Chicag-o — 1918, 572.
Draft Law— 1918, 397, 484; 1919, 390.
Drago Doctrine — 1907, 66, and in succeeding
volumes.
Drainage Canal, Chicago — In each volume since
1891
Drainage Decision — 1907. 395.
Drake, F. M., Sketch — 1896. 92.
Draper, W. F., Sketch — 1898, 204.
Dreyfus Case — 1907, 261.
Drink Bill of Nation — 1905, 52.
Drink Statistics — 1905, 86.
Drinking on Cars — 1912, 89.
Drought in 1910 — 1911, 84.
Drunkenness and Crime — 1888, 124.
Dry and Wet Cities and Towns in Illinois —
1916, 665.
Dry Dock. Largest — 1912. 187.
Dryden, J. F., Sketch — 1903, 234.
Dubois, F. T., Sketch— 1902, 99.
Dudley, J. B., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Duma. Russian— 1906. 311; 1907, 268; 1908.
100; 1909. 319.
Dumba, Ambassador, Recall — 1916, 345.
Dun, E., Sketch — 1894, 60.
Dunne, Gov., Inauguration — 1914, 493.
Du Pont, Henry A., Sketch — 1907, 272.
Durand. E. D., Sketch — 1910. 392.
Dutch Ships Requisitioned— 1919, 419.
Duties on Imports — 1889, 23; 1890. 11; 1891.
141; 1895, 140; 1901, 12: 1903, 59. and in
succeeding volumes.
Dyer. N. M., Sketch — 1889. 223.
Dyestuffs, Manufacture of — 1917, 184.
Dynamite Case— 1912. 470: 1913, 397; 1914.
444: 1915. 210: 1916. 297.
Dynasties Ended— 1919. 331.
Earth, Age of — 1889, 162.
Earthquake, Cartago — 1911, 140.
Earthquake in East — 1915. 152.
Earthquake in Italy — 1916. 49.
Earthquake in Kingston. Jamaica — 1908, 177
Earthquake in Mexico City — 1912, 174.
Earthquake in Porto Rico— 1919. 244.
Earthquake in San Francisco — 1907. 265.
Earthquake in Sicily and Calabria — 1909, 414:
1910, 324.
Earthquake in Valparaiso — 1907. 264.
Earthquakes— 1906, 319, 347; 1908. 272, and
in succeeding volumes.
East River Bridges, New York — 1906. 28:
1909. 246.
East St. Louis Riots — 1918. 147.
Eastern Question — 1896. 249.
Eastland Disaster — 1916. 279.
Eastman Murder Trial — 1902. 107.
Eberhart. A. O.. Sketch — 1911. 333.
Ebert. Friedrich— 1919. 653. 656.
Eccles (W. Va.) Mine Disaster — 1915, 168.
Eclipses — See calendar in each volume.
Ecuador — In each volume since 1902.
Eddy. Mary Baker, Libel Case— 1902. 107;
Suit Against, 1908, 384; Death of, 1911, 408
Eddystone Disaster — 1918. 502.
Education and War. Cost of — 1895, 366.
Education Board. General— 1909. 266: 1910,
325.
Education, Board of, Chicago — 1902, 396, and
in succeeding volumes.
Education, Statistics of — See Colleges and Uni-
versities, and Schools.
Education, Vocational, Law — 1918, 47.
Edward VII. — 19O2, 99, 186, 196; 1903. 181
Edwardsville Memorial — 1912. 89.
Egan, M. P., Sketch — 1908. 354.
Egypt a Protectorate — 1916, 328.
Egypt — In each volume since 1902.
Eichhorn Assassination— 1919. 468.
Eight Hour Law — 1913, 185; 1914, 236; Rail-
road Trainmen. 1917, 235, 240.
Election Calendars — 1905, 262. 417; 1906.
405, 406; 1907, 250, and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Election Precincts in Chicago — 1904, 382:
1905, 417.
Elections, States, Territories and Local — In
every volume.
Electoral College, The — In each volume since
1902.
Electoral Reform — 1912. 91.
Electoral Vote— 1892. 64; 1894. 388; 1896,
404; 1898, 127. and in succeeding volumes.
Electrical Units— 1908, 269. and in succeeding1
volumes.
Electricity. Progress in — 1902, 95.
Electrification Report, Chicago — 1916, 669.
Elevation, Highest, in States — 1910. 248, and
in succeeding- volumes.
Elevation, American Cities — 1918, 107.
Elevation of Chicago — 1917, 716, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Eliot "Five-Foot" Library — 1910, 401.
Elizabeth Water Tunnel — 1912, 126.
Elkins Rebate Law — 1904. 97.
Elkins, S. B., Sketch — 1896. 91; 1908. 354.
Ellis Glenn Trial — 1902. 107.
Ellis, S. H., Sketch — 1901, 245.
Emergency Revenue Act — 1917, 179.
Emmanuel, Victor, Attempt to Kill — 1913.
377
Employers' Associations — 1905. 179. 430.
Employes, City. Number — 1904. 380; 1905,
4l2; 1908, 443, and in succeeding volumes.
Employes, Coercion of. Decision — 1916, 243.
Employment for Soldiers— 1919. 698.
Empress of Ireland Wreck— 1915. 232.
Endicott, Mordecai, Sketch — 1906. 299.
Engravings, To Transfer — 1889. 162.
Entry, Unlawful. Into U. S.— 1919, 382.
Epidemic, Influenza— 1919. 745.
Epileptic Colony Law— 1914. 492.
Episcopal Church— See Religious Statistics.
Equipment of a Soldier — 1918. 517.
Equitable Life Building Fire — 1913, 147.
Erie (Pa.) Flood— 1916. 423.
Ernst, Oswald H.. Sketch — 1906, 299.
Esperanto Simplified — 1911. 82.
Espionage Law— 1918. 409: 1919. 385. 537.
Estate Taxes — 1918. 54. 439.
Estates of Realm. Three — 1912. 188.
European War (see War) — 1915. 237.
Eustis, J. B., Sketch — 1894. 59.
Evans, H. C., Sketch — 1903. 235.
Evans, R. D., Sketch — 1899, 225.
Events, Domestic and Foreign — In each vol-
ume.
Ewing, J. S.. Sketch — 1894. 53.
Excess Profits Taxes — 1918. 54, 429.
Excise Laws — 1896. 221: 1918. 435.
Exclusion Law — 1908. 340.
Executions in Cook County— 1913. 561: 1919.
950.
Exemptions. Digest of — 1894, 53.
Expectation of Life— 1886. 15: 1912. 100:
1917, 42. and in succeeding volumes.
Expedition to France — 1918, 543.
Expenditures and Receipts of the Government
— In each volume since 1891.
Explosion in Jersey City — 1912. 137; 1917, 66.
Explosion, Pleasant Prairie — 1912, 140.
Explosives Act — 1918, 450.
Exports Council — 1918, 488.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1006
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Exports and Imports of Merchandise and Gold
and Silver — In each volume from 1891.
Exports. U. S. Leader in— 1916. 122.
Exposition. Lewis and Clark — 1905. 138; 1906.
349.
Exposition. St. Louis— 1903, 127; 1904, 222;
Expositions. 'National — 1908, 352; 1909. 333.
Express Business — 1911, 70; 1912, 192; 1913.
73; 1916. 205.
Pacts Briefly Stated— 1888. 127.
Failures — In each volume since 1894.
Fairbanks, C. W., Sketch — 1898. 208; 1904.
202; 1905. 203.
Palconio. D., Sketch — 1903. 237; 1912. 404.
Pall, Albert B., Sketch — 1913. 256; Speech on
Mexican Situation. 1915, 222.
Fallieres, C. A., Sketch — 1907, 274; Attempt
to Kill. 1908, 274.
Fame. Hall of— 1902, 72; 1906. 352. and in
succeeding volumes.
Families and Homes — 1904. 74. 382; 1905.
71; 1906. 70; 1907. 58; 1908. 68; 1909.
59; 1910, 91.
Famine in China — 1912. 395.
Famine in Sweden and Finland — 1904. 122.
Pares, Hack and Cab, Chicago— In each volume
since 1902.
Parley. J. M., Sketch— 1903, 237; 1912. 404.
Farmers' Organizations — 1891, 116; 1892. 186,
190; 1893. 235. 285; 1894. 181; 1895. 224;
1896. 230; 1897. 178; 1898. 140.
Farm Loan Act — 1917. 241. 246.
Farms for Soldiers— 1919. 696.
Farms in the United States — In each volume
since 1903.
Farms. Wealth on — 1912. 166.
Farrell. James A.. Sketch — 1912.
404.
. ..
Fastest Ocean Passages— 1894. 106; 1904. 122.
and in succeeding volumes.
Fastest Trips Around World — 1912. 108; 1914.
142; 1915. 40.
Fates, The Three — 1912, 188.
Fats. Shortage in— 1919. 324.
Federal Reserve Banks — 1915. 333. and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Ferdinand, Archduke, Assassination — 1915,
368.
Fergus Injunction Suit — 1916, 662.
Ferguson (Gov.) Impeachment — 1918. 182.
Ferguson Monument Fund — 1906, 360, and in
succeeding volumes to 1910.
Field, J.. Sketch — 1893, 62.
Field, Marshall, Death and Will of — 1907. 438.
Field Museum — In each volume since 1902.
Fight or Work Order— 1919. 680.
Figures, Curiosities of — 1890. 188.
Filchner Expedition — 1912. 210.
Films. Prize Fight, Barred — 1913. 188.
Finance Corporation. War— 1919. 362.
Finances. War— 1919, 333.
Financial Statistics — In each volume.
Finland. Famine in— 1904. 122.
Finland, Transport Torpedoed — 1918. 542.
Fire Marshal. Illinois — 1910, 449.
Fires and Fire Losses — In each volume since
1902.
Firms in Chicago — 1918, 694.
Firms, Old Chicago Business — 1917, 641 and
in succeeding volumes.
Fisher, Walter L., Sketch — 1912. 405.
Fisheries Dispute — 1892. 44; 1893, 65; 1894.
37; Settled. 1911, 69; 1912. 99.
Fisheries. Lake — 1903. 272.
Fisheries, Mississippi — 1902. 215.
Flag Day Address, Wilson's — 1918, 470.
Flag Display Days — 1913, 555. and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Flag, History of Our — 1893, 92; 1909. 264.
Flag. Red, Barred— 1919. 816.
Flag. U. S., Dimensions of— 1917. 167. and in
succeeding volumes.
Flag. U. S.. Insulted in Mexico — 1915. 223.
U. S.. Rules for Use of— 1919. 764.
Of Allies— 1918. 524.
Flags. Special United States — 1898, 255.
Flint. Frank P.. Sketch— 1906. 297.
Flood, Austin. Pa. — 1912. 272.
Flood. Black River Falls, Wig. — 1913 394
Flood. Johnstown — 1890 167
Flood in Erie. Pa.— 1916. 423.
Flood in Mexico — 1910. 95
ln Mississippi Valley — 1913, 116; 1915,
518
F1518
Flood' in Pari
Indiana — 1914'
1911, 92.
, .
Flood in Pittsburgh — 1908, 152.
Flood in Texas — 1914. 447.
Flower Symbols of Months
in succeeding volumes.
-1912. 140. and
Folks. Homer, SketQh — 1911, 333.
Food Administration — 1918. 528.
Food Conservation — 1918, 417, 529
Food Consumed — 1901, 136
Food Economy in War — 1918, 528
Food Used by Army— 1919. 549.
Foot and Mouth Disease— 1916. 215
Foraker, J. B.. Sketch — 1897, 160- 1903 "34
Population— in each volunfe
and.n ££1™ p°P^ati°n. Chicago— 1899. 468«
1904. 381. and in succeeding volumes
. .
Tfsl? Carrjing-
FTs««" «ft°UinsoSs'
ce8edfng86volume°s
each volume from
Population, etc—
Forest Preserve, Cook County — 1911. 503'
Void, 1912. 527; 1916. 576; 1917. 661 and
in succeeding volumes
Forest Resources of United States — 1910. 171
Forest Reservations — 1889, 23:
1903. 197. and in succeeding volumes
Formosa. Earthquake in — 1907. 267
Fort Sheridan Training Camp — 1916,' 650
Fortune Telling Law— 1918. 610
Fortunes. Great American — 1913. 428.
Fortymile Gold District — 1918. 155.
Fosburgh Murder Trial— 1902. 107.
Foss, Eugene N., Sketch — 1911, 333
Foster, A. G., Sketch — 1900, 128
Foster, M. J.. Sketch — 1901. 302.
Fountain of Time — 1914 562
Fountains in Chicago — 1902, 395; 1903. 398'
1907, 446, and in succeeding volumes
'Fourteen Points" Speech by Wilson— 1919,
4>*y .
Fourth of July in 1918—1919, 707.
France— In each volume since 1902.
France and Siam — 1894, 68
France and Turkey — 1902, 217.
Franchises, Street-Car, Chicago — 1906. 44(
1907, 440.
Francis. Charles S.. Sketch — 1902. 99; 190'
Francis Joseph, Emperor, Death — 1917, 469
Franco-Japanese Agreement — 1908 189
Franco-Moroccan Trouble — 1908. 244
Frank, Leo M., Lynching — 1916, 304.
Fraternal Societies— See Societies, Secret.
Fraternity Houses in Chicago — 1914, 559.
Frederick VIII., Sketch— 1907, 274; Death o
1913, 168.
Free List in Payne-Aldrich Tariff — 1910. 53.
Freight Rates — 1891, 302
French Church Law — 1906, 352.
French Deportations — 1917, 482.
French Mission in Chicago — 1918, 571.
French War Mission — 1918, 527.
French, W. R.. Sketch — 1898. 206.
Fruits, Whence Imported — 1915. 32.
Fryatt. Capt.. Execution of— 1917. 474: 1918
Frye, W. P., Case of the— 1916, 340. 405.
Frye. W. P., Sketch — 1908. 354.
Fuel Administration — 1918, 529
Fuller, Chief Justice, Death — 1911, 78.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1007
Fulton. C. W., Sketch-1904. 202.
Fulton-Hudson Celebration — 1910, 213.
Funston F., Sketch — 1900. 129; in Mexico,
1915, 227; Death of. 1918, 144.
Furies, Three — 1912, 188.
Gadsden Purchase, The — 1901. 134.
Gage, Lyman J., Sketch — 1898, 201.
Gaillard, David D., Death — 1914. 428.
Gallinger, Jacob H., Sketch — 1904, 202; 1910.
392
Gallipoli Evacuated — 1917. 530.
Galveston Hurricane — 1901, 402.
Galveston Sea Wall — 1905. 124.
Gamble, Robert J., Sketch — 1902. 99; 1908,
355.
Game and Fish Laws — 1896, 211; 1902, 95,
and in succeeding- volumes.
Gapon, Father, Killed — 1907, 270.
Garabed Invention— 1919, 375.
Gardens, Zoological — 1911, 173; 1912. 246.
Gardner, Washing-ton, Sketch — 1914. 257.
Gardner, William A., Sketch — 1911, 334.
Garfield Coal Order— 1919. 410.
Garrison, L. M., Sketch, 1914, 35; Resignation.
1P17 1 QQ
Gary. F. B.,' Sketch — 1909. 322.
Gary. J. A., Sketch — 1898. 202.
Gas. Price of. Chicago — 1906, 394.
Gasoline from Natural Gas — 1918, 526.
Gatun Dam — 1911. 63; 1912. 118; 1914. 351.
Gaynor-Greene Case — 1907. 162.
Gear. John H.. Sketch — 1905, 105.
Gearin. John M.. Sketch— 1907. 272.
Gem Symbols of Months — 1912. 210. and in
succeeding- volumes.
General, Grade of. Revived — 1918, 459.
General. Holders of Rank— 1919. 497.
General Slocum Disaster — 1905. 124; 1906,
19; 1907, 298.
Georgre I. Assassinated — 1914. 138.
George V., Accession of — 1911. 67; Coronation
of, 1912. 131; Relatives of. 1912, 108.
Georgia, Explosion on — 1908. 119.
Gerard, James W., Sketch — 1914, 257.
German-American Alliance— 1919. 390.
German Submarine Promise — 1917. 489.
German Tariff Agreement — 1908. 379.
Germantown Monument — 1912, 67.
Germany — 1902, 116, and in succeeding- vol-
umes.
Germany Asks for Peace — 191 P. 450.
Germany Defies America— 1918. 379.
Germany, Revolution in— 1919. 653.
Gettysburg- Address — 1914. 39.
Gettysburg- Semicentennial — 1914. 199.
Gibson, Paris, Sketch — 1902. 99.
Gifts. Notable— 1902. 68; 1903. 188, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Gifts, Seven, of Spirit — 1912. 188.
Gilbert, N. W.. Sketch — 1909. 323.
Gillespie Exnlosion— 1919. 426.
Gilman. D. C.. Sketch — 1897, 159; 1903, 238.
Glasg-ow Exposition — 1902, 338.
Glass. Carter H.. Made Secretary of Treasury
—1919. 786.
Glass Industry — 1908. 44.
Gobin, J. P. S.. Sketch — 1898. 210.
God in Forty-Eig-ht Languages — 1888. 128.
Gods and Goddesses — 1912. 126; 1913. 28.
Goethals. G. W., Sketch — 1908. 355.
Goethals-Denman Dispute — 1918. 531.
Goff. Nathan. Sketch — 1914. 257.
Gold and Silver Legislation — 1891. 110; 1897.
65; 1901. 127.
Gold and S'lver Question — 1896. 177.
Gold and Silver Statistics — In each volume
from 1891.
Gold Assayed at Seattle — 1903. 41.
Gold Nuggets — 1896. 342; 1898. 42.
Goldman. Emma. Sentenc«^d — 1919, 659.
Gompers Case Decision— 1910. 275.
Good Roads Vote. Illinois— 1919. 807.
Gore. T. P., Sketch — 1908. 355; 1910, 392.
Gorg-as, W. C.. Sketch — 1909. 323.
Goritz. Capture of — 1917. 530
Gorman, A. P., Sketch — 1903, 234.
Gothenburg System, The — 1895, 103.
Governments, Foreign — See Foreign Countries.
Governors — See States.
Grace, Days of — 1904, 18; 1905, 20, and in
succeeding volumes.
Graces, Three — 1912, 188.
Graft in San Francisco — 1908, 344.
Graham, W. M., Sketch — 1899, 227.
Grain and Produce Statistics, Chicago — In each
volume from 1891.
Grain Measures — 1891, 125.
Grain Standards Act — 1917, 193.
Grand Army — In each volume from 1889.
Grandpre. Battle of— 1919. 617.
Grant, A. W., Sketch— 1918, 489.
Grant, F. D., Death of — 1913, 73.
Grants to Railroads — 1898, 279.
Graves, H. S.. Sketch— 1911, 334.
Graves. J. T., Sketch — 1909. 321.
Gray, George, Sketch — 1903, 238.
Gray. I. P.. Sketch — 1894. 60.
Great Britain — In each volume since 1902.
Great Britain, Arbitration with — 1898, 260.
Great Britain and Venezuela — 1896, 86; 1897,
127; 1898, 253.
Great Lakes Naval Station — 1912. 246; 1913.
275, and in succeeding volumes.
Great Northern Strike — 1895, 78.
Great Seal of U. S. — 1915, 92.
Greater New York — 1895, 366.
"Greatest in the World" — 1902, 216.
Greece — In each volume since 1902.
Greece. Crete and Turkey — 1898, 249.
Greece. King of. Deposed — 1918. 515.
Greek Church Calendar — 1905. 13; 1906. 14:
1907. 13, and in succeeding volumes.
Greenhalge, P. T.. Sketch — 1896. 92.
Greenland Expedition. Danish — 1909, 190.
Gregory, S. S., Sketch — 1912. 405.
Gresham, W. Q.. Sketch — 1894. 57.
Gridley, C. V.. Sketch — 1899. 223.
Griggs. J. W., Sketch — 1896, 93: 1899. 221.
Griscom. Lloyd C.. Sketch— 1904. 206.
Gronna, Asle J., Sketch — 19U'. 405.
Grunsby. Carl E... Sketch — 1905. 205.
Guam — In each volume since 1900.
Guam, Canture of — 1899. 140.
Guard. National— 1888. 29; 1889. 33; 1895.
71: 1896, 50; 1902. 332: 1904. 186; 1908.
217. and in succeeding volumes.
Guard. National, Illinois — In each volume since
Guatemala — In 'each volume since 1902.
Guatemala in War— 1919. 328.
Guatemala Transcontinental Railroad — 1909,
66.
Gne-2-ftnheim. S.. Sketch — 1908. 355.
Guild. Curtis. Sketch — 1907. 274.
Guilford Battle Monument — 1912. 67.
Gum, Money Snent for — 1917. 53.
Gun. Maxim. Noiseless — 1909, 281.
Gunness Murders — 1909. 283.
Gunnison Water Tunnel — 1912. 126.
Guthrie. G W.. Sketch — 1914. 257
Haakon VII.. King— 1906, 132, 300.
Hackett, F. W.. Sketch — 1901. 249.
Ha g-enbeck- Wallace Wreck— 1919. 160.
Hains. Peter C., Sketch — 1906. 299.
Haiti — In each volume s^nce 1902.
Haiti. Revolution in — 1909, 414; 1912. 130:
1916. 209.
Haiti. Treaty with — 1917, 163.
Haiti's President Killed — 1913. 220; 1916, 209.
Haiti in War— 1919. 329.
Hale, William Bayard. Case— 1919. 541.
Halifax Disaster — 1918. 514.
Halley's Comet— 1910. 332; 1911. 32
Hamilton-Day Murder Trial — 1902. 107.
Hamilton. J. W.. Sketch — 1901, 250.
Hamlin, C. S., Sketch — 1894, 62.
Hanford, Benjamin, Sketch — 1905, 204: 1908,
322
Hanford Impeachment Case — 1913. 220.
Hangings in Cook County — 1914. 530.
Hanna, M. A.. Sketch — 1898. 209.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1008
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Hansbrough. H. C., Sketch— 1904. 202.
Hanson. Inga, Trial — 190(3, 162.
Harahan. J. T.. Killed — 1913, 126.
Harbor Commission, Chicago — 1909, 541;
1910, 530; 1912, 602, 620; 1913, 573;
1914, 467.
Harbor Lights, Chicago — 1908, 491, and in
succeeding volumes.
Harbor, Outer, Plans— 1913, 550; 1914. 485.
Hardinge, C., Sketch — 1911, 334.
Hardy. A. S., Sketch — 1898. 205; 1900, 125:
1904, 205.
Harlan. J. M., Death of — 1912. 225.
Harlan on Oil and Tobacco Trusts — 1912. 45,
62.
Harlan, Richard D., Sketch — 1902. 99.
Harmon, J., Sketch — 1896, 87; 1911. 334.
Harper, William R., Death of — 1907, 242.
Harriman, E. H., Death of — 1910, 209.
Harriman, Job, Sketch — 1901, 245.
Harriman Railroad Decision — 1913. 398.
Harris. A. C., Sketch — 1900. 125.
Harris. George B.. Sketch — 1902. 100.
Harris. W. A.. Sketch — 1898, 208.
Harrison Antinarcotic Act — 1916, 236.
Harrison, Benjamin. Letter of— 1893, 156:
Sketch. 1893. 60.
Harrison. F. B., Sketch — 1914. 257.
Harrod. Benjamin M., Sketch — 1905. 205.
Hart. C. B.. Sketch — 1898. 206.
Harvest and Hunter's Moon— 1912. 24; 1914.
56, and in succeeding volumes.
Harvester Trust— 1903, 182; 1913, 54; De-
cision, 1915, 176.
Harvests of the World — 1890, 188.
Harvey, L. D.. Sketch— 1909. 325.
Hatters' Case. Danbxiry — 1916. 251.
Hawaii — In each volume since 1900.
Hawaii. Annexation of— 1899, 145; 1901, 134.
Hawaii. Map of — 1899. 143.
Hawaiian Question — 1894, 71; 1895, 98; 1898.
265.
Hawaiian Sugar Americanized— 1919. 325.
Hawkins, H. S., Sketch — 1899, 228.
Hawley. Edwin. Sketch — 1910. 892.
Hay Army Bill — 1917. 203, 504.
Hay. John, Sketch — 1898, 203; Death, 1906.
52.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty — 1901. 280; 1902, 331.
Fay, Rules to Measure — 1888, 11.
Fay Statistics — See Agriculture.
Hayward, M. L.. Sketch — 1900, 127.
Haywood Murder Trial — 1908, '80.
Health Resorts — 1903. 162.
Feat. Excessive— 1 887. 16: 1902, 112.
Fpatless Dayg— 1919. 410.
Feavens. Chart of — 1909, 446.
F^brpw Rar>o — 1888. 128.
Fecker. Frank J.. Sketch — 1P05, 205.
Heights and Wpie-hts of Pprsons — 1908. 330:
1910, 151, and in succeeding- volumes.
Hpitfpld. H.. Sketch — 1898. 208.
Hplg-olsnd Bie-ht. Battle of— 1916. 323.
Femenway, Jamps A.. Sketch — 190R. 297.
Henderson, D. B.. Sketch — 1900. 129; With-
drawal of. 1903, 155.
Hennenin Canal Law — 1901. 113; Cana!
Opened. 19O8. 231; 1909, 88. and in suc-
ceeding1 voiurpps.
F°nry, J«^n°a A.. Sketch — 1905. 206.
Fpnry. Pri"pp. V'ait of — 1903. 152.
Feprmer (Ore.) Disaster— 1904, 102.
Ferhprt. F. A., SVotrh — 18O4. 57.
Ferbert. M. F., SVptch — 1903, 235.
Fprrick, M. T.. Skptoh — 1913. 388.
Fprron. Gporo-p D.. Trial — 1901. 107.
F^rtHner. Court von — 1919. <*31, 4-37. 443.
F»r7Psrovina. Annexation — 19OP. 318.
Hevburn, W. D., Sketch— 1904. 202; 1910,
392.
F'bbpn John G, Sketch — 1913. 388.
Fie-ginson. F. J.. Sketch — 18Q9, 2«*R.
F;°-h School Colors — 1911. 90- 1912. 243.
Hig-h Structures — 1909, 330; 1910, 404: 1911
131.
Highest Points in the United States — 1900,
212; 1910, 248, and in succeeding volumes.
Hill, David J., Sketch— 1899, 221; 1904, 206.
Hill, James J., Death of — 1917, 118.
Hill, John F., Sketch — 1910, 392.
Hilles, C. D., Sketch — 1912, 405.
Hindenburg Retreat — 1918, 547.
Hindu-German Plot— 1919, 537.
Hisgen, Thomas L., Sketch — 1909, 321.
Hitchcock, E. A., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Hitchcock, F. H., Sketch — 1909, 323; 1910.
33.
Hitchcock, G. M., Sketch— 1912, 405.
Hobart, G. A., Sketch — 1897. 153.
Hobson, R. P., Sketch— 1899. 226.
Hoch, Edward W., Sketch — 1907, 274.
Hoch. Johann, Trial— 1906. 162: 1909. 282.
Hodgson. D. B., Sketch— 1899. 226.
Holidays, Legal — In each volume since 1893.
Holland — In each volume since 1902.
Holland and Venezuela — 1909. 414.
Hollis, H. F., Sketch — 1914, 257.
Holmes Case — 1909, 282.
Holmes, O. W., Sketch — 1903. 235.
Home Rule, Irish — 1891, 332: 1894, 210;
1913, 422; 1914, 397; 1915, 235; 1916, 44.
Homes and Farms — 1894. 209.
Homestead Laws — 1900, 373; 1904, 105;
1913, 189: 1914. 267.
Homicides and Executions — 1913, 210.
Honduras — In each volume since 1902.
Honduras-Nicaragnan War— 1908. 188.
Honduras in War— 1919. 329.
Hongkong: Typhoon— 1907. 267.
Honor, Chicago's Roll of— 1919. 836.
Hookworm Commission — 1910, 326: 1911.
116; 1912, 163: 1913. 539.
Hopkins, A. J., Sketch — 904, 203.
Hopkins, Henry. Sketch — 1903. 237.
Hornblower. W. B.. Sketch — 1894. 61.
Horse, Draft of — 1887, 14.
Horse Meat in Vienna — 1902, 98.
Horse Statistics — See Agriculture.
Horses, High Priced — 1891. 62: 1902, 297.
Hospitals, Chicago — 1902, 406, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Hospitals, Reconstruction— 1919. 514.
Hospitals in United States — 1907, 65, and in
succeeding volumes.
Fot Springs (Ark.) F're — 1914. 66.
Hptels in Chicago — 1914, 565, and in succeed-
Ho"fest° Days8' in Chicago — 1913. 572; 1914.
588, and in succeeding volumes.
House of Lords. Power of — 1908. 188; 1912
IJQ
Houston. D. S.. Sketch — 1914. 35.
Houston (Tex.) Fire — 1913, 125.
Houston (Tex.) Neerro Outbreak — 1918, 577,
Howe A M .
1901. 246.
. . .
Hudson-Fulton Ce^hration — 1910. 213.
Hug-hPS Aircraft Inqnirv— 1919. 553
Husrhes, Charles E.. Sketch — 1907. 274; 1911.
334
^Tns-hes. William. Skptoh — 1914. 257.
n— t»I9. 525.
. .
Hnnerarv- Austria Crib's — 1906. 347.
^nnt. William F.. SV^t^h — 1902. 100.
Hunting- Accidents — 1910. 433. and in succeed-
ing- VOl11T"P^
WnntPr W C. S^ot^h — 1 898. 20R.
Hnntprs' Moon — 1914. 56, and in succeeding
vo1n*viPS.
^Tntcnina F F S^tch — 1911. 334.
TTnttie- C F <31rotp>, — 1013 388.
HV^TIS, •NTotior.oi — 1P19. 901 r 1913. 333;
1014 ono. 1015 174- 1916, 425; 1917.
467: '191 8.' 251: 1919. 71.
Tbsen. Henrik. Death of— 1907. 183.
Tee. Data and Navigation — 1898. 238.
Idaho. Facts About — 1889. 180.
Tde. H. C.. Sketch— 1901. 248; 1910, 392.
Trips and Nonps — 1909. 32
Tdlenos". Ca^os of— 1915, 213.
Ido, Ru'es of — 1911. 82.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1009
Illinois Administration Code— 1918. 598.
Illinois and Michigan Canal — 1900, 428; 1907
395.
Illinois Centennial— 1918. 628: 1919, 831.
Illinois Centennial Coin— 1919. 382.
Illinois Central Revenue — 1900. 164.
Illinois Central Suits — 1912, 515.
Illinois Civil List — In each volume since 1887,
Illinois Congressional Districts — In each vol-
ume since 1902.
Illinois, Earthquake in — 1913. 44.
Illinois, Governors — 1885, 14; 1908, 432:
1909. 440, and in succeeding' volumes.
Illinois Hard Road* Plan— 1919. 822.
Illinois Legislation — See Legislation, Illinois
Illinois, Population^! 892, 56; 1902, 367. and
in succeeding- volumes.
Illinois School Law — 1891, 66.
.Illinois Soldiers in World's Wmr— 1919. 830.
Illinois State Flower and Tree — 1909, 424.
Illinois State Legislature — In each volume.
Illinois Vote — In each volume.
Illinois War Bodies— 1918. 567; 1919, 860.
Illiteracy in Europe— 1891, 67: 18&9. 69.
Illiteracy in United States— 1889, 188: 1897.
290: 1899, 68: 1902. 57. and in succeeding
1905, 433: 1906. 440:
468, and in succeeding
volumes.
Illiterates in Ch
1907. 424: 190
volumes.
Immigrants, Destination of — 1897, 289; 1898,
80: 1913. 499.
Immigrants, Foreign — In each volume since
1888.
Immigrants, Illiteracy of — 1897, 290.
Immigrants, Money Brought by — 1897, 290.
Immigrants, Occupation of — 1897. 289.
Immigration Bill Veto — 1916, 241.
Immigration Law — 1905, 69; 1906, 72, and in
succeeding volumes.
Immigration Law of 1917—1918, 45.
Immigration Statistics — In each volume.
Immunity of Witnesses — 1907, 175.
Impeachment, Archbald — 1914. 201.
Impeachment Cases— 1916. 242; 1918, 241:
1919. 222.
Impeachment, Ferguson — 1918. 182.
Impeachment, Sulzer — 1914, 201.
Imports — In each volume.
Imports Under Reciprocity — 1892, 130.
Inaugural— 1894, 79; 1898, 211: 1910. 31;
1918. 39.
Income Tax Amendment — 1914. 48.
Income Tax, British — 1916, 253, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Income Tax Collection— 1918. 184; 1919. 167.
Income Tax Law — 1895, 227; 1910, 35; 1911,
52, 328; 1912, 129; 1913, 247; 1914, 249
(text); 1915, 102: 1918. 428. 441.
Incomes, Taxable — 1915, 520, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Incorporation Fees, Illinois — 1904, 402.
Indemnity, Chinese — 1909. 163.
Indemnities Claimed from Germany— 1919,
669.
Independence. Declaration of — 1908, 31; 1909.
31: 1919. 710.
India — In each volume since 1902.
India Plague and Famine — 1902, 107; 1906,
76; 1908, 337; 1912, 308.
India. Riots in — 1908. 80.
Indian Reservation — 1891, 68; 1905, 119, and
in succeeding volumes.
Indian Schools — 1891. 68: 1892, 58: 18P3
237; 18P4, 215; 1897. 172: 1898. 128: 1899,
230: 1900. 282: 1901. 284: 1902, 148.
Indian Territory Statehood — 1907. 175.
Indiana Floods— 1914. 447.
Indians in United States — 1892. 93: 1902, 54.
and in sn^ceedine- volumes.
Industrial Board. Illinois — 1914. 492. 558.
Industrial Combinations — 1903, 64; 1904. '85.
Industry, Centers of — 1903, 27.
Industry, Returns of — 1897. 179.
Information, Committee on Public — 1918. 550.
"In God We Trust" — 1894, 201; 1909, 163
Inheritance Tax — 1904. 389, and in succeed-
ing volumes; Inheritance Tax, U. S. — 1917,
Initiative. The — 1912. 91.
Insane in United States — 1906. 243: 1908. 61.
and in succeeding- volumes.
Insig-nia. Army and Navy— 1918. 486. 487;
Industrial Growth — 1897. 58.
Industrial Pf>ace Foundation — 1912. 128.
Industrial Workers of World. Strikes, Doc-
trines—1918. 193. 557: 1919. 424.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
, .
Inspection of Live Stock — 1891. 121.
Institute of Arts and Letters — 1914, 354.
Insular Case Decision — 1902, 101.
Insurance Laws. Workmen's — 1914. 139.
Insurance, Statistics— 1896, 226; 1902, 132:
1906, 346, and in succeeding volumes.
Insurance War— 1918. 415. 453. 488: 1919,
o91. 517, 518.
Intelligence Tests— 1919. 681.
Interallied War Conference — 1918, 525.
Interest, Rates of — In each volume since 1897.
Interest, Table of — In each volume since 1902.
Intermountain Rate Case— 1915. 95.
Internal Revenue Statistics — In each volume.
International Monetary Conference — 1894, 67.
Internment Camps — 1918, 532.
Inventions — 1917. 47.
Ireland— 1904, 211; 1905, 109; 1906, 117;
1912. 201, and in succeeding volumes.
Ireland, Revolt in — 1917, 481.
Irish Convention— 1919. 772.
Irish Home Rule — See Home Rule, Irish.
Irish Land-Purchase Law — 1904. 210
Iron and Steel Production — 1892. 121; 1895.
172; 1900. 267; 1904. 50: 1905. 38; 1906.
141. and in succeeding volumes.
Iron Ore, Supply of — 1910, 173.
Iron, Pig, Product— 1891, 90; 1895, 172;
1907, 88, and in succeeding volumes.
[ron Workers' Cases — See Dynamite Cases.
Iroquois Theater Fire — 1904, 449; 1905, 246:
1906. 134; 1908. 78.
Irrigation Conventions — 1895, 259.
Irrigation of Arid Lands — 1900. 281; 1905.
44; 1908. 74, 369. and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Irving, Henry, Death of — 1906. 296.
Irwin, J. N., Sketch — 1900. 125.
Isle of Pines Decision — 1908, 386.
Italia Irredenta— 1919. 672.
Italian War Mission — 1918, 527.
Italo-Turkish War — 1912, 412; 1913, 422: '
1914, 130.
:taly — 1902, 117, and in subsequent volumes.
taly. Difficulty with — 1893. 59. •
:taly Enters European War — 1916, 316.
taly. Weekly Rest Day — 1909. 30.
to. Prince. Assassination — 1910. 281.
rackson, H. E.. Sketch — 1894. 61.
facksonville (Fla.) Fire — 1902. 82.
acob Jones Sunk — 1918, 542.
Jamaica Hurricane — 1904. 354.
fames, E. J., Sketch — 1903, 237.
ames. Ollie. Sketch — 1913. 388.
Jamestown Exposition — 1908, 352.
Japan — In each volume since 1902.
Japan-California Land Dispute — 1914. 399.
Japan, China and Korea — 1895, 235: 1896,
76.
Japan, Death of Emperor — 1913, 225.
Japan. Earthquake in — 1915, 237.
Japanese-American Agreement — See American-
Japanese Agreement.
Japanese Antarctic Expedition — 1912. 210.
Japanese-Chinese Dispute — 1916. 173.
Jananese-English Alliance — 1903, 145; 1906,
127: 1912. 30.
Japanese Exclusion — 1908. 77: 1910, 182.
Japanese Exposition — 1908. 379.
Japanese-French Treaty — 1908. 189.
Japanese in Schools — 1907. 348; 1908. 340.
Jananese in the United States — 1902, 54;
1904. 64: 1907, 348. and in succeeding
volumes.
1010
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1920.
Japanese-Russian Treaty — 1908. 189; 1911
62; 1917, 26d.
Japanese-Kussian War — 1905, 279; 1906. 301
1907, 99; 1908, 135; 1909. 37; 1910, 207
1911. 68; 1912. 122.
Japanese Treaty, The — 1895. 231.
Jarvis, T. J.. Sketch — 1895. 105.
Jaurea, Jean, Assassination — 1915. 64.
Jed Mine Disaster — 1913, 260.
Jeffries-Johnson Fight — 1911, 232.
Jena, Explosion on the — 1908, 22.
Jerome, W. T.. Sketch — 1906, 300.
Jersey City Explosion — 1912. 137.
Jersey City Fire — 1917. 66.
Jerusalem Captured— 1918. 516; Water System
in. 1919. 585.
Jett, Curtis, Trial of— 1904. 245.
Jette, Louis A., Sketch — 1904, 205.
Jewish Movement to Palestine — 1899, 308.
Jews, Distribution of — 1904, 126; 1905. 228
1906 347.
Jews in America — 1897. 162 ; 1904, 126.
Jews Massacred in Russia — 1904. 221; 1906
312; 1907, 270.
Joan of Arc Beatification — 1910, 196.
Joffre. Gen., in Chicago — 1918, 571.
Johnson, C. F. Sketch — 1912, 405.
Jqhnson, Hale, Sketch — 1897. 155.
Johnson, H. W., Sketch — 1913. 387.
Johnson, John A.. Sketch — 1907. 274.
Johnson, W. M., Sketch — 1901, 249.
Johnston. J. P.. Sketch — 1908, 355.
Joliet Prison Riot— 1918. 733.
Jones, Charles R., Sketch — 1906. 300.
Jones. Wesley L., Sketch — 1910. 392.
Judges, Impeachment of — 1916, 242.
Judicial Code, U. S.— 1912. 65.
Judicial Recall, Arizona — 1913. 493.
Judicial Recall Veto^l912. 74.
Judiciary, Cook County — In each volume.
Judiciary, United States — In each volume.
Jugo Slav Nation— 1919. 524.
Juliana. Princess, Holland — 1910. 321.
Jusserand. J.. Sketch — 1903. 236.
Justices, Chicago — 1902. 391; 1903. 410, 412:
1904, 394; 1905. 408; 1906, 444.
Jutland. Battle of— 1917. 470.
Juul Law Decision — 1913. 427.
Juvigny. Battle of— 1919. 615.
Kansas Coercion (Labor) Case — 1916. 243.
Katmai Crater — 1918, 193.
Karageorgevitch. Peter. Sketch — 1904, 206.
Kean. John. Sketch— 1900. 127.
Kearns. Thomas. Sketch — 1902, 100.
Kearsarge Explosion — 1907. 16.
Keifer. J. W.. Sketch— 1899. 228.
Kellogg1. F. B.. Sketch — 1913. 388.
Kenesaw Mountain Monument — 1912. 89.
Kennedy Bequests — 1910. 327.
Kenney. R. R.. Sketch — 1898. 207.
Kent, J. F.. Sketch— 1899, 229.
Kenyon, William S., Sketch — 1012. 405.
Kern, J. W.. Sketch — 1909, 321: 1912. 405.
Khabarovsk Railway Bridge — 1918. 152.
Kidnaping Cases. Famous — 1910. 112.
Kingsland (N. J.) Explosion — 1918. 502.
Kingston Earthquake and Fire — 1908. 177.
Kinmundy (111.) Railroad Wreck — 1P13, 126.
Kitchener. Lord. Death of — 1017. 470.
Kittredge, Alfred B.. Sketch— 1902. 100; 1904.
203.
fnitted Garments in War— 1919. 549.
nox. Philander C.. Sketch — 1902, 100; 1904,
203; 1910. 35.
Kongo — In each volume since 1902.
Korea — In each volume since 1903.
Korea Annexed by Japan — 1911. 129.
Kristianiafjord, Wreck of— 1918. 147.
Kroonland Medals — 1915, 290.
Kruger, Paul, Death of— 1905. 138.
: Sut-el-Amara Surrender- — 1917, 530.
Iwantung. Rebellion in— 1912. 78.
i Labor Administration. U. S.— 1919. 416.
Labor Agents Convicted — 1918. 40.
Labor, Alien Contract — 1912. 103.
Labor Boards. War— 1919. 417. 418.
.Labor, Convict — 1898, 93.
Labor Decisio
-1916, 243.
Labor Injunctions — 1908, 366.
Labor Law, Child — 1917. 192.
Labor Laws— 1895. 90.
Labor Organizations — 1902, 97. and in suc-
ceeding volumes .
Labor Troubles — See Strikes.
Labor Unions. Statistics of — 1907. 252: 1908.
158.
Ladrones — 1899. 139.
Lafayette Squadron— 1919, 550.
LaFollette, R. M., Sketch — 1906, 297; 1913.
388: Censured, 1919. 7§9.
LaFollette Seaman Law — 1916, 233.
Lake Front Agreement — 1912. 486; 1913, 542:
1914, 556; 1916. 667.
Lake Marine — 1896. 245; 1898. 65; 1901.
169; 1906. 454; 1907. 440.
Lakes and Rivers Commission Act — 1912, 86.
Lakes, Equipment of — 1.892. 194.
Lakes, Latest in United States — 1918. 255.
Lakes, Size of— 1885, 11; 1908, 170. and in
succeeding volumes.
Lakes Under Deserts — 1918, 223.
Lakes-to-Gulf Waterway— 1908. 399: 1909.
548; 1910, 72. 403; 1911. 313; 1912. 291.
Lamont, D. S., Sketch — 1894. 57.
Lamoreux. S. W., Sketch — 1894. 62.
Land Grant Forfeitures — 1891, 112.
Land Monopoly — 1888, 125.
Land Owning Aliens— 1896. 81.
Land Purchase Law. Irish — 1904. 210.
Land Resources of United States — 1910, 170.
Lands, Mineral — 1900, 375.
Lands, Public — In each volume from 1886.
Lane. F. K., Sketch— 1914, 35.
Lane. Harry, Sketch — 1914, 257.
Languages Spoken — 1894, 180; 1896, 201;
1901, 137; 1909. 172; 1910. 321; 1911, 52;
1912. 98; 1919. 65.
[languages Spoken in Chicago — 1904. 405.
Lansing, Robert. Made Secretary of State —
1916. 335; Note on Mexican Disorders, 1917.
535.
Lapiner Kidnaping Case— 1910. 112.
Liarchmont, Wreck of the — 1908, 177.
Lard, Price of — In each volume from 1891.
Lassen Park Act — 1917. 195.
assen's Peak, Eruption — 1915, 232.
Lathrop, Julia C.. Sketch — 1913, 388.
~atimer, A. C., Sketch — 1904. 203.
Lawler Monument — 1912, 89.
awrence Textile Strike — 1913. 372.
Lawton. H. W.. Sketch — 1899. 228.
Lea. Luke. Sketch — 1912. 405.
^conte. President. Killed— 1913. 220.
Lee, Fitzhugh, Sketch — 1899. 228.
Leech, John S., Sketch — 1909, 323.
Leelanaw Case — 1917, 499.
Legacy Tax Law — 1901, 91.
,erral Decisions — 1908, 338: 1909. 255
Legations, Foreign, in United States — In each
volume from 1887.
Legislation. Illinois — 1902, 374; 1904. 355:
1906. 379; 1908, 403, and in succeeding
volumes.
legislation. Important — In each volume,
^egislature, Illinois — In each volume,
.eg-islatures. State — See States.
Lesrler. Henry E., Sketch — 1910. 3P3.
Leishman. J. G.. Sketch — 1898. 206.
,enin. Attempt to Kill— 1919. 468.
,eo XIIL, Death of — 1904. 112.
.eonard, J. F. R., Sketch— 1001. 244.
-eupp. Francis E., Sketch — 190fi. 299.
^evees. Rebuilding of — 1913. 190.
evering, Joshua, Sketch — 18P7. 155.
, James H., Sketch — 1914. 257.
ewis, W. S.. Sketch — 1909, 323.
iberia — 1907, 115, and in succeeding vol-
umes.
iberte Disaster — 1912. 395.
Liberty Bell. Facts About — 1905, 169.
FOE INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
1011
ibraries, Carnegie — 1910, 218.
Libraries in Chicago — In each volume since
Library, Smallest — 1902, 132.
LibrarV War Work-1919 202.
License. High and Low— 1895. 69
License Systems of Cities— 1905. 191: 1908.
QQQ
337-
Lieutenant-Generals. List of— 1919 497.
Life, Average of Human — 1888. 18
Life Duration in Chicago— 1908. 477.
Life Insurance Scandals — 1906 346.
Life Saving at Sea — 1913. 188.
Life Saving Service — 1887, 27: 1888. 5
1905 176, and in succeeding volumes. (See
S.-1917. 42 43
). 23; 1910.
, Highest— 1903, 280.
Lightning. Loss of Life by— 1902. 335.
Li Hung Chang. Death of— 1902 ,166.
since
Lincoln Centenary— 1910. 33
Lincoln Gettysburg
Lincoln Homestead— 1917. 69, 195.
Lincoln Memorial — 1914. 38
711.
358.
68.
Lithographic Stone— 1918. 79.
Lithuania— 1919. 527.
Lister, Josenh. Death of— 1913, 30
Little Frank Lynching — 1918. 193.
Living. Cost of— S^e Cost of Living
"oterGM. «8. ^r1918-
JS!^n'%tt18» ?™
i&wwJSsai
Loans to
il?9
526.
Lloy
Loai
Local Option Law,
Lochren. W.. Sketch— 1894. 61
Lockouts. Statistics of— *g Strikes.
Locomot i ve. Largest— 1903 260 .
.
403; 1909,
1
volumes.
1909 460. and in
Loetschberg Tunnel— 1912 413
London. Declaration of— 1912. 78; 1913. 178.
1 Q1 4- 9
«•
Lottery, Law
Loubet. Attempt to Kill — 1906, 166.
Louisiana Hurricane — 1916, 201.
Louisiana Purchase — 1901, 132.
Louisiana Purchase Exposition — See Exposi-
tion, St. Louis.
Lovett, R. S., Sketch— 1910. 393.
Lowell, A. L.. Sketch — 1910. 393.
Lowndes. L.. Sketch — 1896. 92.
Lucia. Torpedoing of— 1919, 548.
Lumber Industry, Decline of — 1903, 55; 1908.
44. 123.
Lumber Supply — 1909. 77; 1910, 177.
Lumber Trust Decision — 1915, 95.
Lusitania, Steamship — 1908, 43; Torpedoed
and Sunk. 1916. 335: 1919. 748.
Luther Letter, High Price for — 1912, 129.
Lutherans — See Religious Statistics.
Luxburg Cable — 1918, 501.
Luxemburg Liberated— 1919, 657.
Lynchings — 1902, 337, and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Macedonia. Revolt in — 1904. 221.
Mack. Norman. Sketch — 1909. 323.
Macmillan-Borup Expedition — 1912, 210; 1916.
217: 1918. 193.
MacVeagh. W., Sketch— 1895. 105: 1910. 33.
Madden Conspiracy Case — 1910, 375.
Madero. President. Killed — 1914, 355.
Magelssen. Vice-Consul, Attack on — 1904. 210.
Maginnis. M. J.. Sketch — 1901. 247.
Magoon, Charles E., Sketch — 1906, 299.
Maguire. M.. Sketch — 1897. 157.
Mail by Airplane— 1919. 213.
Mail Time from Chicago — 1906, 426, and in
succeeding volumes.
Maine. Destruction of the — 1899. 110, 312;
To Be Raised. 1911, 45; Cause of Loss,
1912. 403: Removed from Havana and Sunk
in Sea, 1913, 158.
Malloney, J. F., Sketch — 1901, 244.
Mallory, S. R.. Sketch — 1898. 207.
Man. Proper Weight of a-^1890. 89: 1902.67.
Manchuria, Plague in — 1912. 308.
Manchurian Neutralization — 1911. 327.
Manila, Map of — 1900. 218.
Manila. Victory at — 1899. 115.
Mansfield. Richard. Death of — 1908. 136.
Mantle. Lee. Sketch — 1896. 90.
Manufactures, Statistics of — In each volume
from 1890.
Map. Now Nations— 1919. 521.
Maps. W?»T^1915. 432. 433: 1916. 3*9. 350.
351. 352: 1918. 516. 546. 548. 549, 550:
1919. 585. 607. 610. 621. 623.
Marble. John H.. Sketch — 1914. 257.
March. Gen., Renort on War— 1919. 571.
Marconi's Invention — 1902. 366: 1908, 329.
Mariana Islands, Man — 1899. 139.
Marianna Mine Disaster — 1909, 423.
Mari
See Shinning- Data.
Marine Corps, Secretary Daniels' Report— 1919,
568.
Marne, Battle of — 1915, 455.
Marriage Laws — 1893, 82: 1895, 395; 1903.
181. and in succeeding volumes.
Mars Nearest Earth — 1907. 15; 1909, 22.
Marshall, T. R.. Sketch — 1913, 387; 1914. 35.
Marshals. United States — In each volume.
Martin. J.. Sketch — 1894. 64.
Martine. J. E., Sketch — 1912. 406.
Martinique Disaster — 1903. 151.
Marvin. C. F.. Sketch — 1914. 258.
Maryland. Race Questions in — 1902, 108.
Mason, W. E., Sketch — 1898. 208.
Massey. W. A.. Sketch — 1913. 389.
Matches, Poisonous. Law Against — 1913. 189.
Matchett. C. H.. Sketch — 1897. 157.
Matsushima Disaster — 1909, 142.
Mattoon Tornado— 1918. 36.
Mauretania, Steamship — 1908 395
Mawson Expedition — 1912. 510; 1914. 184:
MaxwVll, w! H.. Sketch — 1905, 206.
Mayhrick Case — 1905. 84.
Mayflower, Passengers on — 1888, 126.
FOB INDEX OF THE CTJBBENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1012
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Mayors of Chicago — See Chicago Mayors.
Mayors of Large Cities — 1902, 216, and in
succeeding' volumes.
Measures and Weights — 1890, 188; 1891, 125;
1892, 40. 115; 1896, 43, 52; 1902, 75, and
in succeeding volumes.
Meat Inspection Law— 1891. Ill; 1907, 167,
171.
Meatless Days— 1919. 403.
Meat Trade of World — 1907, 37.
Meat Trust Case Ended — 1913, 159.
Medal of Honor Act — 1917, 196.
Mediation, Board, U. S. — 1915. 234.
Meiklejohn. A., Sketch — 1913, 389.
Meline, J. F., Sketch — 1894, 62.
Melville, G. W., Death of — 1913. 150.
Memorial Bridge — 1914, 238.
Memphis. Wreck of the — 1917, 172.
Men and Women, Proportion of — 1902, 96.
Meningitis Epidemic — 1906. 348.
Merchant Marine Bill — 1916, 237.
Merchant Marine, Growth of — 1916, 477.
Merriam Commission, Chicago — 1910. .471.
Merriam. H. C., Sketch — 1899, 227.
Merriam, W. R.. Sketch— 1900. 126.
Merrimac Message — 1899, 319.
Merrimac, Sinking of the — 1899, 116.
Merritt, W., Sketch— 1899, 226.
Merry, W. L., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Mesopotamia, Campaign in — 1918. 515.
Messages to Congress — 1894, 81; 1897, 265,
and in succeeding volumes.
Messina Earthqui-ke — 1912. 414.
Metals. Cost of Rare — 1900. 186.
Metals. Melting Point — 1892. 126.
Metals, Specific Gravity — 1892. 126.
Metcalf, H. B., Sketch — 1901, 243.
Metcalfe. R. L., Sketch — 1914. 258.
Methodist Thank Offering — 1904. 144.
Methodists — See Religious Statistics.
Metric Tables — 1888. 8: 1892, 40; 1896, 52,
and in succeeding volumes.
Meuse-Argronne Offensive— 1919, 564.
Mexican Mediation — 1915, 237.
Mexico — In each volume since 1902.
Mexico, Revolutions in — 1911. 491; 1912, 211;
1913, 395; 1914,
301; 1917, 535; 191
1915, 222; 1916,
583.
Meyer, G. von L., Sketch — 1901, 248; 1907.
273; 1910. 33.
Michigan Governors — 1885. 14.
Mid-European Union— 1919. 523.
Midshipmen, Number Increased — 1917, 234.
Mikkelsen Expedition— 1912, 210; 1913. 149.
Miles, N. A.. Sketch— 1896. 88; 1899. 226.
Miles of Different Nations — 1890, 69; 1912,
Militancy in England — 1914, 397.
Military Academy— 1888, 26; 1894, 202; 1904,
186, and in succeeding volumes
Military Department of Lakes — 1902, 392, and
in succeeding volumes.
Militia — See Guard, National.
Militia Age. Males of— 1893. 38; 1902. 58;
1905, 62, and in succeeding volumes.
Militia Drafting Act — 1917, 196.
Mti|tia Law — 1909. 164.
Mil*. Pasteurization of — 1917, 62.
Millard, J. H.. Sketch— 1902, 100.
Miller, A. C., Sketch — 1914, 258.
Mills Tariff Bill — 1908, 69.
Milton, W. H., Sketch— 1909, 323.
Milwaukee Avenue State
909, 32
Bank —
1907. 411.
. .
Milwaukee (Wis.) Bomb Explosion — 1918,578.
Milwaukee, Cruiser. Loss of — 1918. 154.
Mineral Products. United States — In each vol-
ume since 1891.
Miners' Strike, British — 1913, 162.
Mines, Casualties in — 1891, 122; 1902, 336,
and in succeeding volumes.
Mines, Deepest — 5906, 116.
Minimum Wage Laws — 1914, 415; 1915, 212;
Mining' Disasters, Great — 1914, 86.
Minnesota Forest Fires— 1919. 208.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
Minnesota. Governors of — 1885, 15.
Minton, H. C.. Sketch — 1902. 100.
Mints. United States — 1906, 189; 1908, 196:
1910, 119, and in succeeding volumes.
Mirbach. Count, Killed— 1919. 468.
Missions, American and foreign — 1908, 139:
1909, 223.
Missions, Income of — 1901, 145; 1902, 149.
Missions. War, to and from America — 1918,
527.
Mississippi Centennial — 1917, 197.
Mississippi Hurricane — 1916, 201.
Mississippi River Commission — 1898. 280.
Mississippi River Floods — 1915, 518.
Missouri Athletic Clubhouse Fire — 1915. 184.
Mitchel, J. P., Elected Mayor of New York —
1914, 428; Attempt to Kill, 1915, 159.
Mitchell, John, Sketch — 1903, 238.
Mitchell, John H., Trial — 1906. 162.
Mitchell. J. L.. Sketch — 1894, 62.
Mobilization of Industries — 1917, 227.
Moldavia. Sinking of— 1919. 547.
Molineux Case — 1902, 107; 1903. 156.
Monetary Commission — 1910, 126.
Money, H. D., Sketch— 1897, 160.
Money, Foreign — See Coins.
Money Orders, Rates — In each rolume since
1902.
Money, Statistics — In each volume from 1891.
Money Trust Investigation — 1913, 489.
Mongolia Sinks Submarine — 1918, 538.
Monongah Mine Disaster — 1908. 396.
Monroe Doctrine — 1896, 71; 1902. 85, and in
succeeding volumes.
Monroe, Wreck of the — 1915, 97.
Montenegro — 1907, 111, and in succeeding:
volumes.
Monterey Flood— 1910. 95.
Months, Symbols of — 1912, 210: 1913. 178.
Monuments, Height of— 1885. 10.
Monuments in Chicago — In each volume since
1902.
Moody. William H., Sketch— 1903, 235; 1905.
204.
Moon, Facts About — 1908, 26; 1910. 23.
Moon, Harvest and Hunter's — 1912, 24; 1913.
30, and in succeeding volumes.
Mooney Case — 1919. 770.
Moonlight, Col. T., Sketch— 1895, 105.
Moore, David H., Sketch — 1901, 250.
Moore. J. H., Sketch — 1906. 299.
Morgan. J. P., Sketch — 1902. 100; Art Pur-
chases by, 1903, 182; Death of, 1914, 258.
Morgan, J. P. (Jr.), Attempt to Kill — 1916.
344.
Morgan Park Annexed — 1912, 461; 1913. 622
(void): 1915, 634.
Morgenthau, H., Sketch — 1914, 258.
Morocco — 1906, 135; 1908. 185. and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Morocco, Dispute — 1906. 350; 1907. 85: 1908.
244; 1909. 264; 1912. 359.
Morocco. War in — 1910. 428.
Moros, Battle with, at Jolo — 1907, 39.
Morrison. Jessie. Trial — 1902. 107.
Morrison Tariff Bills — 1908. 69.
Mortgages on Acres — 1895. 62.
Mortgages. Farm— 1894. 207; 1913, 495.
Mortgages on Lots — 1895. 62.
Morton, Paul, Sketch — 1905. 204.
Moses, B., Sketch — 1901, 248.
Mosquito Coast Incident — 1895, 233.
Mothers' Day Law — 1915, 289.
Mottoes, State— 1915, 513; 1916, 216.
Mountain, Highest, in North America — 1902,
77; 1918, 140.
Mountains. Highest— 1888, 17: 1907, 136, and
in succeeding volumes.
Mount Vernon. The. Torpedoed— 1919. 548.
Moxley, W. J., Elected to Congress — 1910, 521.
Muck. Dr. Carl. Case— 1919. 539.
Mueller Municipal Ownership Law — 1904. 355:
1908, 411.
Muhlon War Disclosures— 1919. 347.
Mukden, Battle of— 1906, 303.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1013
Mulkey. F. W., Sketch — 1908*. 355.
Munday Conspiracy Trial — 1916, 678.
Municipal Harbors. Law — 1912, 87.
Municipal Pier — See Pier. Municipal.
Munitions *f War — 1916. 414: 1918. 519, 610.
Murders in United States — 1912. 393.
Murphy, J. B., Sketch — 1911. 334.
Murray. L. O.. Sketch — 1909. 32.3.
Music in Chicago — 1912. 581, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Mutsuhito, Emperor. Death of — 1913. 225.
Myers. H. L., Sketch — 1912. 406.
McAdoo. W. G.. Sketch— 1914. 35: Resigns as
Secretary. 1919. 785.
McBride. G. W.. Sketch — 1896. 91.
McCabe. Charles. Sketch — 1897. 161.
McCook, A. McD., Sketch — 1895. 106.
McCormick, R. S., Sketch — 1904, 204.
McCreary. J. B., Sketch — 1903. 234.
McCumber, P. J., Sketch — 1900, 128.
McCurtain Mine Disaster — 1913, 260.
McDonald, Dora. Trial — 1909. 318.
McDowell, William F.. Sketch — 1905. 206
McEnery. S. D., Sketch — 1897, 161.
McGinty, G. B., Sketch — 1914, 258.
McGovern, Francis E.. Sketch — 1911, 334.
Mclntyre, R., Sketch— 1909. 323.
McKenna, J. B., Sketch — 1898. 202.
McKenzie, J. A.. Sketch — 1894. 59.
McKinley Monument — 1908, 398.
McKinley Tariff Bill — 1908. 69.
McKinley, W.. Sketch — 1897. 153; 1901, 241
McKinley, William, Assassination — 1902. 109
McKinney. L. F.. Sketch — 1894. 600.
McLaurin. A. J.. Sketch— 1896, 92; 1901, 247.
McLean, G. P.. Sketch — 1912, 406.
McLemore Resolution — 1917, 475.
McMillin. B.. Sketch — 1914. 258.
McNamara Dynamite Case — 1912. 470.
McReynolds. J. C.. Sketch— 1914. 35.
Nas-el, Charles. Skptch — 1910. 33.
National Defense Movement — 1917. 199.
National Securitv Lpaame — 1916, 278.
Nativity of Population — See Foreign-Born
Population.
Naturalization Laws — 1889. 69: 189«. 2°.*:
1900. 114; 1907. 167, 173; 1909, 42, and
in succeeding- volumes.
Naval Disasters. List of — 1909. 280.
Naval Emprerency Law — 1918. 56.
Naval Gunnery Records — 1905, 280: 1913,
428.
Nav^i Militia, Illinois — In each volume since
1902.
Naval Reserve Law — 1916. ?34; I01 7. Of*i .
Naval Training Station — 1912, 246: 1913,
275
Naval Training- Stations — 1918. 494.
Navffts.^M-roh^^ 1894.9206;;'l896. 51: 1897.
248: 1898 248
Navips of thp w0ri^ — 1887 i°- 1 «OQ 17?'
1896. 51; 1899. 98; 1902. 66, 222. and in
Navigation. Inlar.^ — 189R, 238.
N-w. O— man. p"*-rrrv^ of_ioip. p<?3.
Navy. TT. S., Act for Larger — 1917, 229: 1918.
56. 406.
Naw. United States — In each volume from
1886.
Nnw. U. S.. Wo-k of— 1919. 490.
N-vv Yards. Additional — 1917. ?<*<*.
Nebraska Prison Mntiyiv — 191 3. 30^
>Wlv. Thomas R. Sketch — IPO*. 206.
Neerops in United States — 1902, 54, and in
succeeding1 volumes.
Neero Riots — 1918. 147. 577.
Nelson. K.. S^°trh — 189R. 89: 1908. 355.
Netherlands. Thp — Tn each volv""" sir^ 1902
N°ntrali*v F,nfmv~mor,t L^w — l«i«, 232.
NentrMHv Proclamation— 1915. *<*5.
Nevius. H. M . Rirptoh — 1OOO. 30 a. .
N«w. Kari-v S . Rirptrh — 1 P0« 998.
Newark Fire Horror — 1Q11. 345.
Newel. S.. Sketrv_ipo«. oO6.
Newlands. F. G., Sketch— 1904. 203.
Newman, William H.. Sketch — 1902. 100.
New Mexico, Admission of — 1911, 377; 1912.
73: 1913. 233.
New Mexico, Constitution — 1912, 76.
New Orleans Massacre — 1892. 35.
Newspapers of America — 1886. 16; 1887. 123:
1888. 19; 1902, 129. and in succeeding
volumes.
New York Public Utilities Law— 1908. 331.
Niagara Palls Peace Meeting — 1915. 228.
Niagara Falls Preservation — 1907. 175: Re-
cession of. 1909. 205; 1910. 213.
Niagara Trolley Accident — 1918. 44.
Nicaragua Canal Treaty — 1917. 127.
Nicaragua — In each volume since 1902.
Nicaragua in War— 1919. 329.
— 1
420.
. .
Nicaragua. Revolutions in — 1911, 131; 1913.
.
Nicholas H. Deposed— 1918. 508: Killed, 1919.
469.
Nicholson, S. T., Sketch — 1901, 245.
Nightingale, Florence. Death of — 1911. 76.
Night Riders — 1909. 317.
Nixon. George S., Sketch — 1906, 298.
Nobel Prize Winners — 1904, 108, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Nogi, General, Suicide of — 1913, 225.
No Man's Land— 1889, 184.
Norge, Wreck of the — 1905, 124.
North Pole Reached — 1910. 328.
Northern Securities Company — 1903, 63; 1904.
98; 1905, 144.
Northwest Passage — 1907, 246.
Norton. C. D., Sketch— 1911, 334.
Norway — In each volume since 1902.
^orway and Sweden — 1906, 131.
Norway, Marine Losses of — 1918, 538.
Norway Trade Agreement— 1919. 423.
Norway, Woman Suffrage in — 1908. 73.
Noted Men in Private Life— 1902. 140.
Nuelson, J. L.. Sketch — 1909. 324.
Numbers. New House, Chicago — 1910. 475.
Numerals. Roman and Arabic— 1908. 92: 1909.
1 54
Nnts. Whence Imported — 1915. 32.
Oats — See Agriculture. Statistics of.
^tnts. Prices — In each volume from 1891.
^itnarv — Tn e"rh volume.
^bsprvntopies. H^e-ht of — 1898. 24*.
Orvynnation. Am°Hcan Armv of — 1919. 657.
Occupations — 1896. 39: 1904. 349, 383; 1908.
171, and in frioropdinar voln^ps.
o~«on Wavps. Hp^ht — 1902. 186.
Oc«ans. Areas and Dpnths — 1910. 175. 334,
and in su^cee^'ner voinmpg
W. F fik°«"h — 1912. 406.
ta — 190R. 31«>,
Jan-pq A., Pi^tr* — IP1'''. 406.
.io Floods — 1914. 447: 1915. 518.
! T,->n^s Ppcioio« — 191R. 95.
R* onward. TV«-*«Hon — 10,10. 33.
v1^oma. Admission of — 1907, 175. 257:
1OO8. 238.
-ipVoma, fnnstitution. etc. — 1908, 238.
r\ /Vo-ft ppr^onS - 1011. 165.
rv.ioag-oans — 1909, 385, and in succeeding
Tolnmps.
OM Ovo'e-0 Busir.°«!<? Houses— 1917, 641, and
vnliim°S.
Chicago — 1905. 446. and in
.
-"891. 74: 1894. -143- 1899.
"0.8- 1901. 238: 1902. 222: 1903, 288.
'Viver, G. T.. S^ptr* — -"91O. 393.
-v-i»v R. Slrofoh — 1804 P7. .
OlWtilan 0*nHM — 19O<> 30-1: 1904. 235; 1905.
"^5: 1907. 215; 1913. 313.
O^^nian Records. Principal — 1905. 227; 1906.
010 P»,^ in B1ief.pP^iTig- volumes.
~w,?>V.?l Tornado — 1914 4O2.
^-tonio Vni-Pst Firps — 1917. 67.
-w,r,rq, pr0"<5°s. Cartf>ni»ips — i 893. 114.
~>-«ra in r^ioago — 1913. 581, and in succeed-
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1014
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Opium Conference — 1910, 31: 1912, 209.
Opium Traffic Laws — 1915, 289; 1916, 236.
Orange River Colony — 1906, 125; 1910, 193.
Orchestra, Chicago — See Music in Chicago.
Oreglia, Cardinal, Death — 1914, 493.
Oregon, Cruise of the — 1899, 115.
Oregon Plan— 1912. 94.
Original Package Law — 1891. 111.
Orphanages in United States — 1907, 65. and
in succeeding volumes.
Osaka Fire — 1910. 218; 1913. 160.
Osborn, C. S., Sketch — 1911, 334.
Osborne, J. E., Sketch — 1914, 268.
Oscar II., Death of — 1908, 390.
Ostend. Blocking: of— 1919. 582.
Otis, E. S., Sketch — 1899, 227.
Otranto. Loss of— 1919, 547.
Overman, L. S., Sketch — 1910, 393.
Owen. R. L., Sketch — 1908. 355.
Packers' Case Ended — 1913, 159.
Page, C. S., Sketch — 1909. 324.
Page, T. N.. Sketch— 1914. 258.
Page, W. H., Sketch — 1914. 258.
Paintings. High Prices for — 1915. 237.
Palestine, Campaign in — 1918. 516.
Palma. President. Resigns — 1907. 248.
Palma. T. E.. Sketch— 1903. 236.
Palmer, Frank W.. Death of — 1908. 456.
Palmer. J. M.. Sketch— 1897. 156.
Panama-California Exposition — 1914, 284.
Panama Canal — See Canal. Panama.
Panama Canal Builders. Thanks to — 1916. 232.
Panama Canal Tolls Dispute — 1914. 353; Set-
Panama 9Libel Cases— 1910. 218; 1911. 319;
1 Q12 120
Panama-Pacific Exposition — 1912. 469; 1913.
386; 1914. 284; 1915, 89; 1916. 311.
Panama Republic — In each volume since 1904.
Panama in War— 1919. 328.
Pan-American Congress — 1891, 114; 1902,
342; 1903. 63.
Pah- American Exposition — 1901, 281; 1902.
338
Panics, Financial — 1897, 143; 1902, 44; 1908,
357.
Pankhurst Case — 1914. 397.
Paper and Pulp Manufactures — 1902, 330.
Paper Trust — 1907, 264.
Parade, "First Call." Chicago — 1918. 573.
Paraguay — In each volume since 1902.
Paralysis, Infantile — 1917. 398.
Parcel Post Law — 1913. 184. 496; 1914, 297.
558; Rates, 1915. 105.
Paris, Heavy Storm in — 1915. 65.
Paris Underground Wreck — 1904. 112.
Parker, A. B., Gold Telegram — 1905, 202.
Parker. Alton B.. Sketch — 1905. 203.
Parker, E. W., Sketch — 1903, 238.
Parks, Buildings in — 1906. 434.
Parks in Chicago — In each volume since 1902.
Parks in Cities — 1896, 49; 1903. 103; 1904.
76; 1908, 388; 1909. 55.
Parks. National — 1897, 133; 1904, 14, and in
succeeding volumes.
Parochial Schools — 1892, 96: 1893. 35.
Parsons, W. B.. Sketch— 1905, 205.
Party Emblems in 1912 — 1913, 423.
Passport Regulations — 1909, 90, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Pasteurization of Milk — 1917, 62.
Patent Laws— 1896, 226; 1902, 96, and in
succeeding volumes.
Paterson. N. J., Fire in — 1903, 18l!
Patterson, Nan, Trial — 1906, 162.
Patterson, T. M., Sketch — 1902. 100.
Pattiaon. John M., Sketch — 1906, 300.
Patton, Francis L., Sketch — 1903. 235.
Patton, J., Jr., Sketch — 1895. 105.
Paupers in Almshouses — 1892, 100; 1907, 243;
1909, 58.
Payne-Aldrich Tariff — 1910. 37.
Payne, H. C.. Sketch — 1903. 235.
Paynter, T. H.. Sketch — 1907. 272.
Peabody School Fire — 1916, 299.
Peace Celebrations— 1919. 624.
Peace Centenary — 1916. 114.
Peace Conference — 1900. 101: 1905, 254:
1906. 346; 1907, 468; 1908, 235; 1909,
215; 1910. 211; World's War. 1919. 667.
669.
Peace Discussions — 1919. 427.
Peace Endowment. Carnegie — 1912. 99.
Peace, Foundation for Industrial — 1908, 76:
1909. 266.
Peace, League to Enforce — 1916, 300.
Peace Meeting- Dispute, Chicago — 1918, 571.
Peace Movement,- Survey of — 1911. 66; 1912.
99. and in succeeding' volumes to 1915;
1919. 719.
Peace of Europe — 1899, 102.
Peace Proposals, War — 1918. 363.
Peak. J. L., Sketch — 1896, 92.
Pearse, C. G., Sketch — 1912. 406.
Pearson, R., Sketch — 1904, 206.
Pearsons. D. K., Gifts of — 1902, 69; Death
of. 1913. 340.
Peary Polar Expedition — 1907. 246; 1908.
135; 1909. 190; Reaches Pole, 1910, 328;
1911, 175.
Peary. R. E., Sketch— 1910. 393; Made Rear-
Admiral. 1912. 66.
Peat Supply of United States — 1913. 77.
Peck. George R.. Sketch — 1906. 300.
Peckham, R. W.. Sketch — 1897. 158.
Peirce. Herbert H. D.. Sketch — 1907. 273.
Pellagra Commission — 1910, 443; 1912, 152.
Penfield. F. C., Sketch— 1914. 259.
Penrose, Boies, Sketch — 1898, 209; 1904. 203;
1910, 393.
Pens, Fountain, Export of — 1915. 24.
Pension Agencies Abolished — 1913, 187.
Pension, Service, Act — 1913. 187.
Pensions in America — 1912, 277.
Pension Statistics — In each volume from 1889.
Pension System, Telephone — 1913. 421.
Pensions. Old Age — 1902, 91; in England.
1909. 264; 1911. 165.
Pensions on Railroads — 1903, 233.
Percy, L., Sketch — 1911. 335.
Perdicaris, Ion, Case — 1905. 257.
Perkins, B. W., Sketch — 1893. 64.
Perkins, G. C.. Sketch — 1896, 88; 1904, 203;
1910. 393.
Pershing. J. J.. in France — 1918. 543; Made
General. 1918. 544; Anniversary Messages.
1919. 482: Report on War. 1919. 560.
Perry Centennial — 1914. 403.
Perry. Isaac N.. Trial — 1906. 162.
Perry Memorial — 1912. 67.
Persia — In each volume since 1902.
Persia. Death of Shah of — 1908. 178.
Persia. Revolution in — 1910, 334.
Persia, Sinking of the — 1917. 473.
Peru — In each volume since 1902.
Peru, Revolution in — 1915, 239.
Petroleum, Production — 1900, 65, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Pettigrew, R. F.. Sketch — 1896. 91.
Pettus, E. W.. Sketch— 1897. 161; 1898. 207;
1904, 203.
Philippine Agricultural Bank — 1908, 75.
Philippine Currency Law — 1904, 156.
Philippine Islands — 1899, 133-137; 1901, 260,
and in succeeding volumes.
Philippine Tariff — 1902, 332.
Philippine War — 1900. 218; 1901, 261. 301;
1902. Ill, 141; 1903, 157; 1904, 53, 112.
and in succeeding volumes.
Phillips' May Corn Deal — 1902. 424.
Photographs by Electricity — 1887, 10.
Photophone. The — 1887. 13.
Pier, Municipal — 1916, 635; 1918, 612, 688.
Pigr-Iron Product — 1891, 90; 1895, 172; 1901.
211; 1903, 58; 1904, 50, and in succeeding
volumes.
Piles. S. H.. Sketch— 1906. 298.
Pinchot-Ballinarer Controversy — 1911, 311.
Pioneers of Chinaem — SPR Old Residents.
Pipe Line Decision — 1915, 95.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEARBOOK FOR 1920.
1015
Pitr
Pius
^Mahlon, Sketch — 1913, 389.
und Arbitration — 1903, '204.
Pius X. Elected Pope— 1904. 69; Sketch, 1904,
206; Death of. 1915, 236.
Plague in Manchuria and India— r!912. 308.
Platforms, National — See Conventions.
Platt, O. H., Sketch — 1904, 203.
Platt, T. C., Sketch— 1898, 209.
Playgrounds, Municipal — 1905. 426: 1906,435.
and in succeeding volumes.
Pleasant Prairie Explosion — 1912, 140.
Pledges by Candidates, Law — 1918, 615.
Plots, War, in United States — 1916, 343; 1917.
480: 1918. 496: 1919. 537.
Poets Laureate, England — 1915. 469, and in
succeeding volumes.
Poincare, R., Elected President — 1914, 51;
Sketch, 1914, 259.
Poindexter, M., Sketch — 1912, 406.
Poisons and Their Antidotes — 1886, 80.
Polar Land, New, Found — 1914. 184.
Poles. The Two Cold — 1888. 11.
Police Chiefs. Chicago — 1903, 416, and in
succeeding volumes.
Police Department. Chicago — In each volume
since 1902.
Police Statistics, Chicago— In each volume
since 1891.
Policewomen in Cities — 1917, 126.
Poliomyelitis— 1917, 398.
Polish Kingdom Restored — 1917, 528.
Political Changes in Fifty Years — 1891, 322.
Political Committees — In each volume.
Political Societies, Chicago — 1902. 360, and in
succeeding volumes.
Polivanov Report— 1919. 353.
Pope Benedict's Peace Appeal — 1918, 372.
Pope. "Black." Elected — 1916. 100.
Pope, Election of — 1904, 69; 1915. 236.
Pope Leo XIII., Death of — 1904, 112.
Popular Vote — In each volume.
Population. Center of — 1902. 49, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Population, Chicago — In each volume.
Population, Cities— 1891, 94; 1892, 87; 1894,
34; 1901, 137, and in succeeding volumes.
Population, Density of — 1893, 39; 1902, 48,
and in succeeding volumes.
Population. Foreign-Born — 1903, 78, and in
succeeding volumes.
Population, Foreign Countries — See Foreign
Countries.
Population, Illinois — See Illinois, Population.
Population. Median Point of — In each volume
Population.^Mother Tongue of — 1915, 144.
Population. United States — In each volume
Population, World — 1887, 8; 1892, 154: 1904,
68. and in succeeding volumes.
Pork. Prices of — In each volume from 1891.
Port Arthur. Siege of — 1906. 303.
Porter. H., Sketch — 1898. 203.
Porter. J. D.. Sketch — 1894, 53.
Porto Rico — Tn each volume since 1902.
Portsmouth. Treaty of — 1906. 304.
Portugal, Assassination of President — 1919.
rtugal — In each volume since 1903.
tugal Enters European War — 1917. 484.
tugal. Revolution in— 1911, 131; 1916, 85;
Post, Loirs 'P.. Sketch — 1914. 259.
Post. R. H., Sketch— 1908. 355.
Postage, Rates of — In each volume from 188R.
Postage to England Reduced— 1909, 158; to
pl, 78: 1898. 174.
Postal Dates — 1898. 146.
Postal Savings Banks — 1907, 104, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Postal Statistics — In each volume since 1002.
Postmasters, Chicago— In each volume since
1 Q02
Postmasters of Large Citie
since 1902
-In each volume
Postofflce. Chicago, Bomb Explosion — 1919.
as.
Postoffice, Chicago — In each volume since
1902.
Postoffice Frauds — 1904, 405.
Potash Production — 1918, 149.
Potsdam Conference— 1919. 682.
Powder Trust — 1908, 234.
Powell, W. F., Sketch — 1898. 206.
Power-Transmitting, Long — 1903, 428.
Powers, Caleb, Trial — 1904. 245.
Practice Law, Illinois— 1908, 405.
Precincts, Election, in Chicago — 1904, 382:
1905, 417.
Preferential Voting — 1912, 93.
Preparedness Movement — 1917, 199; 1918, 53,
611.
Presbyterians? — See Religious Statistics.
President Lincoln, The. Loss of— 1919. 547.
President, Threats Against — 1918, 53.
Presidential Succession — 1894, 200; 1909, 215,
and in succeeding volumes.
Presidents and Cabinets, United .States — In each
volume since 1885.
Presidents, Burial Places of — 1908, 68, and
in succeeding volumes.
President's Neutrality Proclamation — 1915,
445
Price 'Fixing Law— 1918, 419. 420.
Prices, Chicago Grain — In each volume since
189i
Prices 'of Commodities — In each volume since
Primary Law, Illinois — 1906, 384; 1907, 396;
1908, 432; 1909, 425; 1910, 384; 1911, 47,
463; 1912, 508; 1913, 527 (presidential);
1915. 546; 1916. 555.
Princess Sophia. Wreck of— 1919. 202.
Printing Industry — 1917, 75.
Prinzip, Gavrio, Death of— 1919. 426.
Prison Barracks — 1918. 532.
Prisons. State — 1911, 137; 1912, 395, and IB
succeeding volumes.
Pritchard. J. C., Sketch — 1896, 91.
Profiteering Report— 1919. 683.
Progressive Republican League — 1912. 262.
Prohibition Amendment in Congress — 1916,
241: 1918. 576: 1919. 769.
Property. Valuation of. in United States — 1893,
50; 1907. 259, 280; 1908, 38; 1909. 99;
1912 385
Provence, Loss of the — 1917, 472.
Public Health Service— 1913. 187.
Public Service Department, Chicago — 1915.
577, and in succeeding volumes.
Public Utility Laws— 1908. 331; 1914, 490
Pullman^Boycott — 1895. 79.
Pullman Company Statistics — 1913, 369; 1914.
266.
Pulp Manufactures — 1902. 330.
Pulse. Rate of— 1886. 83; 1908. 243; 1909,
218, and in succeeding volumes.
Punishment, Capital — See Capital Punishment.
Purcell. W. E.. Sketch — 1911. 335.
Pure Food Law— 1907, 169: In Illinois. 1908»
Putnam, Herbert, Sketch— 1900. 126.
Quarantine. National — 1907. 175.
Quarles. J. V., Sketch— 1900. 129.
Quay. Senator, Case of — 1901, 124.
Quayle, W. A.. Sketch — 1909, 324.
Quebec Bridge Disaster — 1908, 398.
Question, Eastern — 1898. 249.
rminby. W. E.. Sketch— 1894. 60
Race Horses. Famous. Dead — 1910. 296.
Race War in Atlanta. Ga.— 1907. 242: In East
St. Louis, 1918, 147: In Chester, Pa., 1918.
147
Radio-Communication Law — 1913. 187. 188.
Radio Messages— 1913, 187, 188; 1915, 29.
Radium Described— 1905, 145 -Sources of—
1917, 16: Appearance of, 1918, 110.
Raffeisen System — 1913, 37.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1016
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Railroad Eight Hour Law — 1917, 235-240;
1918, 41, 42.
Railroad Gauges — 1909, 414.
Railroad Operation by U. S.— 1919. 370, 412.
Railroad Rate Law — 1907, 167.
Railroad Speed Records — 1888, 123; 1903,
374; 1906, 50; 1912, 195, and iii succeed-
ing volumes.
Railroad Statistics, United States — In each vol-
ume from 1891.
Railroad Strike. British — 1912, 479.
Railroad Tunnels, Long— 1916. 37; 1918. 132;
1919 37
Railroad Wrecks — 1902, 336, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Railroads Fined for Rebating — 1913, 150.
Railroads, Grants to — 1898, 279.
Railroads in Alaska — 1916, 114.
Railroads in Illinois; — 1891. 122; 1906, 320.
Railroads, Introduction of — 1887, 14.
Railroads, Harriman. Sued — 1909, 258.
Railways, Street — 1891, 100; 1902. 222. and
in succeeding volumes.
Rainfall in United States — 1890, 51.
Ranch, Largest Cattle — 1907, 200.
Ransdell, J. E.. Sketch— 1913, 389.
Ransom, M. W., Sketch — 1896, 88.
Rasmussen Expedition — 1914, 184.
Rassieur, L.. Sketch — 1901, 250.
Rate Case Decision, Minnesota — 1914, 199.
Rawlins, J. L.. Sketch— 1898, 210.
Real Estate Transfers, Chicago — In each vol-
ume since 1903.
Rebating, Indictments for — 1909, 257; 1912,
198.
Rebellion, Lives Lost in — 1886, 10.
Rebellion (War of) Records — 1902, 32.
Recall, Election — 1910. 91.
Recall, Judicial, California — 1914, 49.
Recall, The — 1912, 92.
Recall Veto, Taft's— 1912, 74.
Receipts, Government — In each volume since
1891.
Reciprocity. Canadian — 1912. 67.
Reciprocity Treaties — 1892, 130; 1902. 78;
1903, 23.
Red Cross Knitting- Records— 1919. 549.
Red Cross. Law — 1913, 189.
Red Cross War Work— 1918. 527. 533. 534;
1919. 405. 477.
Red Cross War Work. Chicago— 1919, 826.
Redfield, William C., Sketch — 1914, 35.
Red Flag Barred. Chicago— 1919, 816.
Redmond. J. E.. Death of— 1919. 164.
Reed, James A., Sketch — 1912, 406.
Reeve, F. X., Sketch— 1894, 62.
Referendum — 1895, 100; 1912, 92; 1913. 340.
Reformatories, Juvenile — 1892. 101.
Regina Tornado — 1913, 243.
Registration. Army— 1918. 399. 484; 1919.
385. 507.
Registration of Titles — 1892, 384.
Rehabilitation. Vocational— 1919. 388.
Reid, W., Sketch — 1903, 236; 1906, 298;
Death of, 1913, 501.
Reigns, Longest, in England — 1902, 73.
Reinsch, Paul, Sketch — 1914, 259.
Relations Broken with Germany — 1918, 381.
Relief Acts by Congress — 1910, 130.
Religions of the World— 1905, 102; 1907, 192.
Religious Statistics — In each volume since
1888.
Religious War Commissions — 1918, 522.
Remmel, V., Sketch — 1901, 244.
Remsen, Ira, Sketch — 1902, 100.
Representation, Proportional — 1895, 101 ; 1896,
134; 1899, 404.
Republics, Smallest — 1897, 177.
Reservations. Wild Life — 1914, 41.
Reserve Bank, Chicago — 1915, 592.
Reserve Banks, Federal — 1915, 333.
Resources, Conservation of — 1909. 173: 1910,
169; 1912, 391.
Resources, Inventory of — 1910, 170.
Restraints on Commerce — 1916,. 360; 1917.
509.
Revenue Cutter Service — 1914, 52, and in suc-
ceeding volumes to 1916. (See Coast Guard.)
Revenue. Emergency, Act — 1917, 179: 1918.
53, 428.
Revolutionary Records — 1914, 237.
Reynolds, G. M., Sketch— 1909, 324.
Rhine. Crossing of— 1919, 658.
Rhodes, Cecil, Scholarships — 1903, 98: 1904.
Richardson, H. A., Sketch— 1908, 356.
Ricks, James B., Sketch — 1902, 100.
Ridder, Herman, Sketch — 1909, 324.
Riesco, Jerman, Sketch — 1902, 100.
Ritual Murder Trial — 1914, 419.
Rivers and Canals. Length of — 1900. 140:
1 Q08 170
Rivers 'and Lakes Commission Act — 1912, 86.
Rivers, The Longest— 1885, 11; 1888, 17:
1909, 91, and in succeeding volumes.
Roach, W. N., Sketch — 1894. 63.
Road, Rules of the— 1909, 556: 1916, 643.
Roads, Federal Aid for— 1917, 246; 1918. 178.
Ro6a°d7s:. Good— 1911, 515: 1913, 419. 420.
Roads! Hard. Hlinois-1918. 604; 1919 822.
Roads, State Aid (Illinois) — 1914. 491.
Roberts, B. H., Case of— 1901,_ 125.
Roberts, Lord, Death of — 191o, 77.
Roberts, W. H., Sketch — 1908, 356.
Robinson, J. T., Sketch— 1914 259.
Rock Island, Riots in — 1913, 315.
Rockefeller Gifts to Education — 1906. 215;
1908, 132: 1909, 407; 1910, 325; 1911, 331;
1912 128
lo; 206; 1906.
OQQ
Rocky Mountain Park Act— .1916 ,231.
Rodin, Auguste. Death of— 1918. 619.
Rogers. H. H., Death of— 1910. 72.
Roll of Honor, Chicago— 1919. 836.
Roman Catholic— See Religious Statistics
Roosevelt Against Third Term — 1905, 202:
1 Q08 S9*7
Roosevelt and Brownson — 1909. 270.
Roosevelt. Attempt to Kill— 1913, 424
Roosevelt-Barnes Libel Case— 1916 100
Roosevelt in Africa— 1910, 264; 1911, 75.
Roosevelt-Newett Libel Case — 1914, 61
Roosevelt and Nobel Prize— 1919. 390.
Roosevelt. Theodore. Sketch— 1899 229; 1901.
241; 1902, 100; 1905. 203; 1913, 387.
Roosevelt Volunteers — 1918. 487.
Root, Elihu, Sketch— 1900, 124: 1904 205:
1906, 298; 1910, 393; Mission to Russia.
s. Y. M. C. A. Gifts-1919.
RosI3'j., Sketch— 1900, 128.
Ross Kidnaping Case — 1910, 112.
Rostand, Edmond, Sketch — 1902. 101: Death
of. 1919. 628.
Roumania — In each volume since 1902.
Roumania in European War — 1917, 484, 531:
1918. 527. 563; 1919, 475.
Royalty, Cost of Maintaining — 1902, 112.
Rubino, G., Trial of — 1904, 245.
Rublee. W., Sketch— 1903, 235.
Ruef, Abraham, Case of — 1908. 344.
Ruggles, Gen. G. D.. Sketch — 1895, 106.
Rufers, Foreign— 1896, 62; 1897, 134; 1898.
134; 1900, 273; 1901, 180; 1902, 113.
Rules, House, Contest Over — 1911. 33.
Runyon, T., Sketch — 1894, 64.
Russia — 1902, 118, and in succeeding volumes.
Russia, Assassinations in — 1905, 143; 1906.
312.
Russia. Sisson Report on— 1919, 473.
Russian Exile System Modified — 1905. 187.
Russian Peace Negotiations— 1919. 462.
Russian Revolution — 1906, 309; 1907, 268;
1908. 190; 1909. 319; 1918. 508: 1919.
462, 601.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1017
Russian Throne, Heir Born to— 1905, 278.
Russian Treaty Abrogated — 1913, 160.
Russia's Asiatic Railways — 1905, 16.
Russo-American Tariff Controversy — 1902, 217.
Russo-Chinese Controversy — 1912, 320.
Russo-English Treaty — 1908. 339.
Russo-Japanese Treaty — 1908, 189; 1911, 52;
1917, 256.
Russo-Japanese War — See Japanese-Russian
War.
Rye. Statistics — See Agriculture.
Sabotage— 1914. 49; 1918. 502; Act, 1919.
373.
Saccharine — 1887, 13.
t afety at Sea. Rules for — 1915. 97.
afety Council, National — 1916, 272; 1917.
328.
Sage Foundation — 1908, 136, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Sages of Greece — 1912, 188.
Sailors' Civil Relief— 1919. 376.
Sailors' Insurance Act — 1918, 453, 461.
St. Louis Fair — See Exposition, St. Louis.
St. Louis Municipal Bridge — 1918. 74.
§t. Mihiel. Battle of— 1919. 563. 615.
t. Vincent Disaster — 1903, 151.
Sakura Earthquake — 1916, 49.
Salaries, City Employes' — In each volume
since 1902.
Salaries, Cook County — In each volume since
1902.
Salaries, Large — 1888, 15.
Salaries, Teachers', Chicago— In each volume
since 1902.
Salem (Mass.) Fire — 1915, 346.
Salem (Mich.) Railway Wreck — 1908. 134.
Salisbury. Lord, Death of — 1904, 126.
Salisbury Railway Wreck — 1907, 21.
Saloniki Campaign^l917, 531.
Saloons — 1903, 105; 1904. 78; 1906. 69.
Saloon, Sunday Closing. Chicago — 1916, 676.
Salt in the Ocean — 1916, 84.
Salt Manufactures — 1902, 332.
Salvador — In each volume since 1902.
Saltzgaber. G. M., Sketch — 1914, 259.
Samoa— 1900. 110. 113; 1901, 267.
Sampson, A. J., Sketch — 1898. 205.
Sampson, W. T., Sketch— 1899. 224.
Sanders, J. Y.. Sketch — 1911. 335.
Sanders, N.. Sketch — 1913. 389.
San Diego Exposition — 1913. 386; 1915. 89;
1916, 311.
San Francisco Disaster — 1907. 265.
San Francisco Exposition — 1912, 469; 1913,
386: 1915. 89; 1916. 311.
San Francisco Graft Cases — 1908, 344; 1909.
317.
Sanger, W. C.. Sketch— 1902. 101.
Sanitariums. Tuberculosis — 1909, 424.
Sanitary District, Chicago — In each volume
since 1891.
San Juan, Porto Rico — 1899. 129.
Santa Ysabel Massacre — 1917. 536.
Santiago. Capitulation of — 1899. 118.
Santo Donvngo — In each volume since 1902.
Santo Domins-o Disturbance — 1917. 164.
Sargent. F. P., Sketch — 1P03. 238.
Saulsbnry. W.. Sketch — 1P14. 259.
Sault Ste. Marie Cannls— 1904, 80: 1908, 210;
1912. 403; 1913, 398; 1914. 561.
Sawtelle, C. G.. Sketch — 1897, 161.
Sawille Wireless — 1915. 29.
Schleswig-Holstein— 1 PI 9. 5"7.
Schley, W. S., Sketch— 1899. 224; Inquiry.
1902, 354.
Schmitz, Eugene. Case — 1908. 344.
School As-e. Persons of— 1893, 37; 1894, 217;
1902. 56: 1904. 61; 1908. 49, and in suc-
ceeding- volumes.
Schoolhouse vs. Saloon — 1889. 178.
School Laws of Illinois and Wisconsin— 1891.
66.
School Statistics — In each volume gi"c« J8P1
Schools in Chicago— See Education, Board of.
Schrank, John, Sentenced — 1913. 4C4.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
Schroeder. S., Sketch — 1901, 249.
Schroeder-Stranz Expedition — 1914. 183
Schulze-Delitzch System — 1913. 37.
Schurman, J. G., Sketch — 1913, 389.
Schwab, Charles M., Sketch — 1902, 101.
- 175;
Scott, N. B., Sketch — 1900. 29.
Scouts, Boy, Incorporated — 1917, 197.
Sea Areas, Defensive — 1918, 550
Sea^Fisheries Dispute— 1892, 44; 1893. 65;
Seal, Great, of U. S. — 1915. 92.
Seal Hunting Disaster — 1915. 91.
Seamen, Strike of — 1912, 479.
^eamen Welfare Law — 1916, 233.
Seaplane, Largest— 1919. 569.
Seaports, Distances to — 1907, 56, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Seaports, Great — 1905, 144, and in succeeding-
volumes.
Seas, Depth of — 1909, 101, and in succeeding-
volumes.
Seats, Contested, in Congress — 1901, 122.
Seay. A. J.. Sketch — 1892. 54.
Security League, National — 1916, 278; 1917,
Seidel', Emil. Sketch — 1913. 387.
Seigniorage Bill Veto — 1895, 122.
Senatorial Districts, Illinois — 1894, 177; 1902,
372, and in succeeding volumes.
Senators (U. S.), Illinois — 1908, 419; 1909.
420; 1910. 456; 1911, 448. and in succeed-
ing volumes. •
Senses, Seven — 1912, 188.
Sequoia Trees— 1914. 265.
Serbia — 1902. 118. and in succeeding volumea.
Serbia Conquered— 1916. 351.
Serbia. Revolution in — 1904, 216.
Service Chevrons— 1919. 509.
Seven Modern Wonders — 1913, 243.
Sevens and Threes — 1912, 188
Seventeenth Amendment to Constitution — 1914,
Sewall, Arthur, Sketch — 1897, 154.
Sewall. H. M.. Sketch— 1898. 205.
Sex, Population by — 1887. 16; 1893. 30; 1902.
53; 1904, 64, and in succeeding volumes.
Sexes. The — 1890, 181.
Sexton, J. A.. Sketch — 1899. 226.
Seymour, J. S., Sketch — 1894, 61.
Shackleton Expedition — 1908. 135; 1910. 330:
1915. 338; 1916, 217; 1917. 166; 1918,
Shafrbth, J. F., Sketch— 1914, 259.
Shatter, W. R.. Sketch — 1899. 226.
Shaw, A. D., Sketch — 1900. 130. •
Shaw, L. M., Sketch — 1903. 235.
Shea Conspiracy Trials — 1908, 78.
Sheen Per Square Mile — 1893, 84.
Sheldon, G. R.. Sketch — 1909. 324.
Sherman B'll. Reneal of — 1894. 87.
Sherman. John. Sketch — 1898. 201.
Sherman. J. S.. Sketch— 1909, 331; 1910. 33:
Death of. 1913. 390.
Sherman. L. Y.. E^cted U. S. Senator — 1914.
458; Sketch. 1914. 259.
Seeing. J. K.. Sketch — 1914. 259.
Shinbuiidiner of the World— 1892. 123.
Shinning Board Law — 1917, 187; Members,
1918. 530.
Shinning Data (Marine) — 1916, 38, and in
succeeding volumes.
Shipping Investigation — 1916. 240.
Shinning of the World — 1896. 51; 1904, 136:
1909. 86.
Shinny. Ch'ef. Attempt to Kin — IpOP. 488.
Shins. Dutch. R»n nisi tinned— 191 9. 41 P.
Shins, German. Seized— 1916. 341. 342: 1918,
^03. 5?»] : 1919. 491.
Shins Torppdopd. List— 1919. 544.
Shinwrppks — 1902. 335; 1904, 243, and in
succeeding volumes.
Rhiras. G.. Sketch — 18P3, 63.
' Tnrfnstrv — 1P17. 65.
1018
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
Shively. Benjamin. Sketch— 1910. 394.
Shonts. T. P.. Sketdh — 1906. 299.
thort Ballot— 1912. 91.
horthand. Speed in— 1906. 127: 1910. 209.
Shot. First Fired by American— 1919. 360.
Shotguns in War— 1918. 647.
Shoup. G. L.. Sketch— 1896. 88.
Siam — 1902, 121. and in succeeding: volumes.
Siam and France — 1894. 68.
Siberia. American Expedition to — 1919. 468.
Siberian Railway — 1902. 85.
Sig-ht and Distance — 1890. 181.
Sigsbee. C. D., Sketch — 1899. 226.
Sill. J. M. B.. Sketch — 1895, 105.
Silver — See Gold and Silver.
Simmons, F. M., Sketch — 1902. 101; 1908,
356.
Simon, Joseph, Sketch — 1899. 222.
Simplon Tunnel Completed — 1906. 113.
Sims, W. S., Sketch — 1918, 489.
Singer Building: — 1908. 105.
Sing-le Tax League — 1891. 184.
Sins. Seven Deadly — 1912, 188.
Sixteenth Amendment to Constitution — 1914.
48.
Sixtus. Prince. Letter— 1919, 442.
Skager-Rak, Battle of — 1917. 470.
Slavic Legion Act— 1939. 398.
Slavonia. Wreck of — 1910. 218.
Sleepers. Seven — 1912. 188.
Smith. Charles E.. Sketch — 1899, 221.
Smith. C. W.. Sketch — 1909. 324.
Smith, E. D.. Sketch — 1910, 394.
Smith, Hoke, Sketch — 1894. 58: 1912, 406.
Smith. J.. Jr., Sketch— 1894. 63.
Smith, J. W., Sketch — 1909. 324.
Smith. M. A.. Sketch— 1913. 389.
Smith, W. A., Sketch — 1914. 260.
tmith-Lever Act — 1915. 288.
moke Abatement Report. Chicago — 1916, 669.
Smoot. Reed. Sketch— 1904. 205: 1910. 394.
Smoot, Reed. Case Against. Ended — 1908, 344.
Snake Victims in India — 1905, 250.
Snow Limit — 1893. 377.
Socialist Platform (St. Louis)— 1919. 747.
Societies. Fraternal — 1903. 183, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Societies. Learned — 1908, 102: 1909, 236:
1910, 476. and in succeeding volumes.
Societies, National — See Associations.
Societies, Patriotic — In each volume from 1889.
Society Islands Hurricane — 1907, 267.
Society of Jesus Election — -1916. 100.
SoM Carried to Tidewater — 1916. 84.
Soldiers. Alien. Naturalization— 1919. 382.
Soldiers. Chicago. Killed in World War— 1919.
836.
Soldiers' Civil Relief— 1919. 376.
Soldiers, Employment for— 1919, 696. 698.
Soldiers' Equipment— 1918. 517.
Soldiers' Insurance Act— 1918. 453, 461.
Somme, Battle of — 1917. 5?9.
Soiith Africa. Union of — 1911, 122; 1912,
202: Rebellion in. 1916. 3°P.
South Carolina Exposition — 1902. 338.
South Pole Nearly Rearned — 1910. 330.
South Pole Reached — 1913, 148; 1P14, 181.
South Shore Improvement — See Lake Front
Agreement.
South Water Street Plan — 1918. 686.
Southgate. J. H.. Sketch — 1 8«7. 156.
foviet, Wilson Message to— 1919. 465.
pain — In each volume sinoe 1902.
Snain and Church — 1911. 125.
Spain and Morocco — 1910. 428.
Spain. Riots in — 1910. 318.
Snaking, A. G., SVpteh — 1911. 335.
Spalding. J. L.. Sketoh — 1P03. 238.
Spanish-American War — 18PP. 107. 115. 120.
296: IPon. 106: 1P01. 156: 1902. 111. and
in succeeding
Snanish Influenza— 1 PIP. 745.
Sparrows, Inoreasp of — 1887. 15.
Speakers of the House — 1900, 309, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
Specific Gravity Table — 1908. 92: 1909 154
Speed Rates Per Hour — 1913. 381.
Spelling, Simplified — 1907. 130; 1909, 243
Spellmeyer, H.. Sketch — 1905, 206.
Spheres of Influence— 1919. 365.
Spirits, Materials Used in — 1894, 201; 1896.
211; 1898, 54; 1899. 298; 1900. 97; 1901
237; 1902. 221; 1906. 26.
Spooner, J. C., Sketch — 1898, 210; 1904, 205
Sporting Records — In each volume from 1890
Springfield (111.) Lynchings and Riots — 1909,'
Spring-Rice. C. A.. Sketch— 1914, 260.
Spurlos Versenkt" Cables— 1918 501
Squiers, H. G., Sketch — 1903, 235; 1907, 273
Stackhouse Expedition— 1914. 184.
Stamp Taxes — 1915. 291; 1916. 159; 1918.
0- 1908- 233:
at j1 Supreme Court Decision. 1912. 33.
Stanford. University Gift— 1902. 366.
Stanley in Africa — 1891. 318
Staples. Consumption of — 1898. 111.
Star. New Eagle— 1919. 33.
Stars, Number of — 1888, 12; 1908. 26. and in
succeeding volumes
Starved Rock State Park — 1912, 85.
State Houses. Value of— 1917, 121.
State Nicknames and Flowers — 1904. 114 and
in succeeding volumes.
State Officers — See Election Returns in each
volume.
States, Area, Population. Governors. Capitals
etc. — In each volume from 1887.
States. Names — 1889, 180; 1896, 51; 1901.
282.
States. New— 1891. 112; 1907. 175; 1919 521
526.
Statue of the Republic. Chicago — 1916. 676.
Steamboating Chronology — 1888. 127; 1898.
Steam Laundries — 1917. 198
Steamship Companies Sued — 1912 229
Steamship Expenses — 1916. 174
Steamship Lines Merged — 1903/63
St?omohiliso G7at Ocean— 1902, 66; 1903. 93;
1908. 43; 1911. 164, and in succeeding
volumes.
Steel Corporation Suit — 1912. 314; 1916 48
(decision).
Steel Prices Cut — 1918. 526.
Steel Product— 1891, 89; 1904, 50, 114; 1905,
OO.
91s' 210: 1914' 184:
Stensland Bank Failure — 1907. 411
StePhenson Investigation — 1912, 407; 1913,
158.
StePhenson, Isaac. Sketch — 1908, 356; 1910,
Sterling, Thomas. Sketch — 1914. 260
Stevens, D. W.. Assassinated — 190P 172
Stevens, John F., Sketch — 1906, 300
Stevenson. A. E.. Sketch — 1 8P3. 61; 1901 242
Stewart, J. W.. Sketch — 1909 3°5
Stewart. T. J.. Sketch — 1903. 23«.
Stills. Illicit. Seized — 1891. 109- 1900 98
Sfitnson. H. L.. Sketch — 1912. 407.
Sto'-k E^hane-e. Chioag-o — 190*2 400' 1P04
410; 1P06. 468. and in succeeding volumes.
.Stock. Live. Inspection — 1891, 121.
Stocks, Panic in — 1P02. 44.
Stockyards, Facts About — 1917. 710.
Stockyards Fire — 1P12, 612
S'opssel. Gen., in Prison — 1POP. 31 P.
Stokes. Rose Pastor. Cas^— 1919. 538.
S+olvpin Assassinated — 1912, 213.
Stono E^en M., Abduction of — 1902. 422:
1903. 56.
stone
Stone
.Tonn T.. Sketch — 1914, 260.
Lithogrannic— 1P18. 7P.
W J Slrptph — 1P10 394
. B.. SkAtp* — f80« 206.
q and Floods — 1902, 336, and in sue-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1019
Strathcona. Lord, Death of — 1915. 264.
ttraus, Oscar S., Sketch — 1907, 273.
treet Guide, Chicago — 1908, 514; 1909, 502;
1915, 619, and in succeeding volumes.
Street Railway Licenses — 1903. 392.
Street Railway Ordinance. Chicago— 1908. 496.
Street Railways in Chicago — 1905, 405, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Streets. Famous — 1912, 271; 1915. 166.
Streets in Cities — 1891, 99; 1906, 65.
Strike, Anthracite Coal — 1903. 191.
Strike. Lawrence — 1913. 372.
Strike. Railway. England — 1912, 479.
ftrike, Teamsters' — 1906, 351.
trike. Telegraph Operators' — 1908, 390.
Strikes— 1889. 164: 1895, 77, 89: 1896. 198:
1898. 242: 1902. 337; 1903. 30. 99. 192;
1904. 55. 430: 1905. 257. and in succeed-
ing- volumes.
Stubbs. W. R., Sketch — 1911, 335.
tubmarine Commanders, Fate of — 1919. 543.
ubmarine Crisis. Wilson on — 1917. 478.
Submarine E-2, Explosion — 1917, 165.
Submarine F-4, Loss of — 1916. 202.
Submarine Sinks Ships on U. S. Coast — 1917.
474: 1919. 543.
Submarine Warfare— 1919, 543, 544.
Subsidies Paid by All Nations — 1890. 45.
Subsidies. Roosevelt on — 1908. 79, 374.
Suburbs of Chicago — 1902. 418; 1903. 424;
1904. 422: 1905. 420: 1906. 436.
Subway Commission, Chicago— 1912, 620;
1914. 467. 546.
Subway Plan Report — 1917, 600.
tuez Canal Statistics — 1904, 15.
uffrage Amendment in Congress — 1916, 242
Suffrage, Qualifications for — In each volume
from 1889.
Suffrage Vote. Michigan — 1913, 489.
Suffrage, Woman — 1914, 397. 491. and in
succeeding volumes.
Sugar Beets — 1892. 114; 1898. 102.
Sugar Bounty — 1894. 203; 1895. 367.
Sugar, Brussels. Conference — 1902, 44.
Sugar Consumption — 1892. 114: 1898, 99,
139; 1902. 43; 1905. 180; 1906, 85.
Suerar Statistics — 1891, 64; 1892. 114; 1894.
202; 1900, 100. and in succeeding volumes.
Sugar Trust, Restitution by — 1910. 264.
Suicide. Facts About — 1888, 16.
tulu Treaty — 1901, 261.
ulzer, William. Sketch — 1913, 389; Impeach-
ment. 1914. 201.
Sun Tat Sen, Sketch — 1913. 390.
Sunday Saloon Closing-, Chicago — 1916, 676.
Sunday Schools — 1894. 41; 1897, 183.
tupreme Court, Illinois — In each volume,
upreme Court, United States — In each vol-
ume.
Surrender Dates in War— 1919. 327.
Surrender German Navy — 1919. 583.
Sussex. Torpedoing of the — 1917. 485.
Sutherland. George. Sketch — 1906, 298.
Sutro Tunnel — 1912. 126.
Swa^n. Joseph, Sketch — 1914. 260.
Swallow, S. C., Sketch — 1905. 203.
Swanson. C. A.. Sketch — 1911. 335.
Swayne Impeachment — 1906. 350.
Sweden — In each volume since 1902.
Sweden and Norway — 1P06. 131; 1911, 125.
tweden. Famine in — 1904. 122.
weet, E. F., Sketch — 1914. 260.
Swensen. E. B.. Sketch — 1 8P8, T06.
Swiss Neutrality — 1918. 526. 562.
Switzerland — In each volume since 1902.
Syndicalism — 1914. 49.
Syrian Troubles — 1904. 210.
Taal Volcano Eruption — 1912, 137.
Taft Budget Plan — 1914. 122.
Taft Vetoes — 1912. 71. 75.
Taft, W. H., Inauguration of — 1910. 31.
Taft. W. H.. Sketch — 1901, 247; 1909, 321;
1910. 33.
Taft's Trip Around World — 1908. 401.
Taggart Divorce Case^ — 1906, 162.
Taggart, Thomas, Sketch — 1905, 204.
Taliaferro, J. P., Sketch — 1900, 126.
Tallman, C., Sketch — 1914. 260.
Tampa, Loss of the— 1919. 547.
Tampico Flag- Incident— 1915, 233.
"Tanks" Used in Battle— 1917. 474; American.
1919. 562.
Tariff Commission — 1911, 62; Tariff Commis-
sion Law. 1917, 185.
Tariff, History of the— 1891, 23; 1908, 69:
1909. 90.
Tariff Legislation— 1891. 26; 1895, 26; 1911.
62.
Tariff, Payne-Aldrich — 1910. 37-62.
Tariff Question in England — 1904. 245.
Tariff Rates — 1903. 59. and in succeeding
volumes.
Tariff Revenues — 1904. 102.
Tariff, Underwood-Simmons— 1914, 240. 241.
244.
Tariffs Compared— 1889. 15; 1894. 90: 1895.
28: 1910, 62.
Tariffs, Foreign — 1892. 52.
Tatsu, Seizure of — 1909, 148.
Tax Amendment. Illinois — 1916, 660; 1917.
597.
Tax. Estate — 1918. 54.
Tax. Excess Profits — 1918. 54.
Taxable Incomes — 1915. 520; 1917. 179.
Taxation. Chicago — 1902. 428, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Taxation. Digest of — 1894. 42.
Taxes, Per Capita — 1901. 136.
Taxes. War Revenue — 1899. 151: 1915. 291:
1916. 158; 1917. 179; 1918, 428.
Taxicab Fares. Chicago— 1916. 642. and in
succeeding volumes.
Taylor, Graham. Sketch — 1914. 260.
Taylor. H.. Sketch— 1894. 60.
Taylor. H. A.. Sketch — 1900, 125.
Taylor. R. L., Sketch — 1907. 272: 1908. 356.
Tea. Consumption of — 1891. 76; 1898. 61:
1903. 72. and in succeeding- volumes.
Tehuantepec Railway — 1903. 148.
Telegraph Rates from Chicago — 1902. 412.
Telegraph Statistics — 1900. 151-154: 1903,
102, and in succeeding volumes.
Telegraph Systems of U. S. — 1915. 265.
Telegraphic Champions — 1916. 198.
Telegraphy. Wireless — 1902. 366.
Telephone Girls in France— 1919. 689.
Telenhone Ordinance, Chicago — 1908, 402:
1914. 574.
Telephone Rates — 1903. 61.
Telephone Statistics — 1907. 181, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Telephones of the World — 1899. 84.
Telephoning Across U. R. — 1916, 192.
Telescopes. American— 1892. 39.
Tel-scopes. Great— 1900. 376: 1918. 155: 1919.
170.
Teller. Henry M.. Sketch— 1904. 205.
Tener. J. K.. Sketch — 1911. 335.
Tennis Courts — 1P16. 455.
Terminal, West Side R. R. — 1915, 648: 1916.
678.
Terre' Haute Tornado — 1914, 403.
Terrell, J. M.. Sketch — I Pit. 335.
Terrill. A. W.. Sketch — 1894. 61.
Texas, Annexation — 1 POi . 133.
Texas Bicentennial — 1P17. 197.
Thaw, Harrv K.. Trial — 1 P08. 60; 1909, 320.
Theater Fires — 1POP. 260; 1911. 173: 1912.
252, and in snbsennprit. volumes.
Theaters, Capantv — 1 8P3. 114.
Theaters and Halls. Chicago — 1902. 402. and
in succeeding voTnmes.
Thermometers Compared — 1902, 74, and in
succeeding: volumes.
Thomas. Charles S.. Sketch — 1914, 260.
Thomas Orchestra — 1913 P81
Thompson. C. A.. Sketch — 1O13. 2S9.
TT-irimpson. F. L.. SVpt^Vi 1O10. 304.
"Thompson. T. L.. Sketch — 1 8P4, 61.
Threes and Sevens — 1P12. 1S«.
Thurston. J. M., Sketch — 1896. 90
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLU3IE SEE PAGES 3-14.
1020
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
Tibbies. T. H.. Sketch — 1905. 203.
Tibet, Briiish in — 1905, 282.
Ticket Scalping — 19U8, 405.
Ticonderogra, Loss of— 1919. 547.
Tiger Victims in India — 1905. 250.
Tillman. J. H., Trial of — 1904. 245.
Timber Supply — 1898, 197; 1908, 123.
Time, Difference in — 1902, 69. and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Time, Foreign Standards of — 1905, 15. and
in succeeding volumes.
Time, Measurement of — 1890. 188.
Time, Standard, to Obtain — 1890, 179; 1891.
320; 1892, 354; 1893, 380; 1894. 211;
1895. 247; 1896, 250; 1897. 269; 1898.
162; 1900. 250.
Time Without a Watch — 1894. 212.
Time Zones. New— 1919. 758.
T're Ordinance — 1P08. 466.
Tisza. Count. Attempt to Kill — 1913. 260.
Titanic Disaster — 1913. 151.
Titled American Women — 1896. 239.
Titles, Official — 1895. 225.
Tobacco Statistics — See Agriculture.
Tobacco Trust Suit — 1908, 234: Supreme
Court Decision, 1912. 51.
Tobacco Used — 1900. 99; 1901. 238.
Togo, Admiral. Sketch — 1906. 300.
Tolstoy, Leo. Death — 1911, 342.
Tonnage Sunk by Submarines— 1919. 544.
Tornadoes, Destructive — 1891, 321; 1914. 402,
403.
Toronto (Ont.) Fire — 1905. 144.
Torpedo. Hammond — 1917. 204.
Torrance, Ell, Sketch — 1902, 101.
Torrens Title System — 1896, 82; 1904, 363
Tower. C.. Sketch — 1898. 205; 1904, 204.
Towers, High — 1908. 260.
Townsend. C. E.. Sketch— 1912. 407.
Townsend. L.. Sketch — 1898, 206.
Track Elevation — 1904, 375, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Tractors. Armored, in War — 1917. 475.
Tracy, Harry. Bandit — 1903. 380.
Trade Agreements — 1917. 177.
Trade. Balance of — 1895. 242: 1896. 193:
1899, 232; 1900. 46; 1901. 27; 1902. 18.
Trade Commission Law — 1915. 286.
Trade. Domestic, in U. S. — 1917. 172.
Trade-Marks — 1896. 226; 1906, 106, and in
succeeding volumes.
Trading with Enemy Act — 1917, 521: 1918,
446. 475.
Train Robberies — 1903. 172.
Training Camp. Fort Sheridan — 1916. 650.
Training Camps — 1917. 218. 233.
Trains in Cni^sro. On« Dav's — IP02. 40S;
1903. 406; 1904. 3P7: 1905. 405: 1906
472: 1907. 442; 1908. 484; 1909. 554.
Trans-Mississippi Exposition — 1897, 259:
1898. 240.
Transportation, Water — 1909. 88.
Transvaal Colony— 1906. 125; 1907. 115:
1908. 185.
Travel. Foreign — 1896. 134.
Travelers. Hints for — 1887, 18: Free List for.
1908, 122, and in succeeding volumes.
Treason Cases— 1919. 476. 477.
Treaties, General Arbitration — 1912, 477;
1913. 190.
Treaties, General Peace — 1915. 469.
Treaties. Secret. Disclosed— 1919. 352.
Treaty, Franco-American — 1909. 220.
Tree. How to Measure a — 1888. 14.
Tree, Largest — 1912, 382.
Trials, Noted — 1902. 107; 1903. 156; 1904.
245; 1905, 200; 1906, 162.
Triangle Factory Fire, New York — 1912. 483.
Trimble, H. M.. Sketch — 1912, 407.
Tripoli. War in — 1912. 412.
Tripp. B.. Sketch — 1894. 60.
Troops, American, in France — 1918, 543.
Troops, Call for — 1899. 121.
Troops in U. S. Wars— 1919. 706.
Trust, Beef — 1903. 210; 1904. 95.
Trust Laws — 1891. Ill; 1901. 121; 1903.
loO; 19U4, 9ti; 1906. 129.
Trusts. American— 1899. 91: 1900. 65; 1902.
iau; iyu3. 02; lyu4, 85 (complete hat);
1905. 202.
Trusts, Illinois Law Against — 1903, 150; 1904.
353.
Trusts, Suits Against — 1907, 262; 1908. 234.
Tschaikovsky. N.. Acquitted — 1911. 481.
Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Chicago — 1916, 619.
Tumulty, J. P.. Sketch — 1914, 260.
Tunis — In each volume since 1902.
Tunnel, Loetschberg — 1912. 413.
Tunnels, Chicago River — 1903. 406. and in
succeeding volumes.
Tunnels. Freight, Chicago— 1915. 617; 1916.
Tunnels. Great Railroad— 1903. 172; 1914.
36: 1916, 37; 1919, 37.
Tunnels, Great Water — 1912. 126.
Tunnels. Hudson River — 1909, 150. 320.
Turco-Italian War — 1912. 412; 1913. 422.
Turkey — In each volume since 1902.
Turkey and Armenia — 1897. 130.
Turkey, Constitution in — 1909. 336.
Turkey. Earthquake in — 1913. 176.
Turkey, Greece and Crete — 1898. 249.
Turkey, Massacres in — 1910. 19"
^nrkey. Revolution in — 1910. 21°
Turkey. Surrender of— 1919. 456. 609. 611.
Turkish-Balkan War — 1913. 391; 1914, 130.
Turner. G.. Sketch— 1898. 210: 1904. 205.
Tuscania, Loss of the— 1919. 546.
TutuPa — In earh volume since 1901.
Twain. Mark, Death — 1911. 170.
Tyler Monument — 1912. 67.
"U" Boat Commrnd°rs' F^te— 1919, 543.
U-53, Exploits of— 1917. 474.
Ue-anda Railway Completed — 1903. 31.
Ukrainia— 1919. 525.
Underground Roads — 1903. 141.
Unemployment, Statistics of — 1914, 561:
1916. 100.
Unexplored Globe — 1896. 75.
Uniform, U. S.. to Be Respected-;— 1912, 66.
Unitarians — See Religious Statistics.
United States — See States, Population, Courts.
etc.
United States in Armed Clash with Mexico —
1915. 222.
United States Government (Officials, Depart-
ments, Salaries, etc.) — In each volume
from 1891.
United States, Progress of — 1902, 32, and in
succeeding vo'umes.
United States. Status of. in World — 1902, 45.
United States Steel Corporation — 1902. 130;
1903. 64; 1904. 95: 1905, 262; 1911,201.
United States, Territorial Growth of — 1901.
132. and in succeeding volumes.
United States in Various Languages — 1918.
23.
United States. Wealth of — 1907. 280; 1908,
38: 1909. 50: 1916. 78
United States Enters World War — 1918. 377.
Universities —See Colleges and Universities.
University Extension — 1897. 141.
University of Chicago. Gifts to — 1»96. 414:
1909. 407.
Urban Population — L893. 29: 1901, 135. and
in succeeding volumes
Uruguay — In each volume since 1902.
Utilities Law. Illinois — 1914. 490.
Utility Commissions. Public — 1908. 331; 1914.
490: 1915. 199.
Valencia. Wreck of — 1907. 105.
Valparaiso E?rthqunke — 1907. 264.
VancoMi'^r Piots — 1908. 340.
Van Dyke. H.. Sketch— 190^. 237: 1913. 261.
Van Rant. S. R.. SUp+ch — 1910. 394.
Vaug-hnn. V. C.. Sketch— 1914. 261.
Venezuela — 1904. 219. and in succeeding vol-
um^s.
Venezuela and Colombia — 1902. 218.
Venezuela and Great Britain — 1896, 86; 1897.
127- 1898. 253.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1920.
1021
Venezuela and Holland — 1909. 414.
Venezuela and United States — 1909. 320;
1910. 209.
Venezuela Asphalt Dispute — 1906. 149.
Venezuela. Blockade of— 1903. 433: 1904.
219; 1905. 16.
Vera Cruz Occupied by U. S. Troops — 1915,
Verdun, Battles for — 1917. 528.
Versailles War Council— 1919. 480.
Vesle. Battle of— 1919. 578.
Vessels Built in the World — 1891. 25; 1908.
42.
Vessels, Largest Sailing — 1903. 74.
Vessels. Requisitioning- of— 1919. 387.
Vesuvius, Eruption of — 1907. 266.
Veto Power of House of Lords Curbed — 1912.
78.
Vetoes by Presidents — 1901. 105.
Vetoes, Taft — 1912. 71. 75; 1914. 238.
Viaducts. Great — 1903, 193.
Viborg Manifesto — 1907, 269.
Vice Commission. Chicago — 1911. 608; 1912.
630.
Vice-Presidents — See Presidents.
Victor (Col.) Dynamite Outrage — 1905. 262.
Victoria. Death of — 1902, 186.
Vineyards, Area — 1892, 102.
Virgin Islands of United States — 1918. 37, 38.
Vital Statistics — See Deaths and Death Rate.
Vocational Rehabilitation— 1919. 388.
Vocational Training- Board— 1919. 724.
Vogue, Marquis de. Sketch — 1902. 101.
Volturno. Wreck of — 1914. 198.
Von Eckhardt Letter — 1918, 501.
Von Eichhorn Killed— 1919. 468.
Von Igel Plots— :1918. 597.
Von Jagrow to Lichnowsky— 1919. 348.
Von Plehve. Assassination — 1905. 257; 1906,
309.
Von Rintelen Case— 1919. 537.
Vopicka, C. J.. Sketch — 1914. 261.
Vote, Electoral — See Electoral Vote.
Vote. Presidential — In each volume from 1888.
Voting Age. Males of — 1893. 33; 1902. 55:
1904, 61; 1905. 62; 1906. 61; 1907. 47;
1908. 49.
Voting Age, Women of — 1913, 97; 1914, 69.
Voting Machine Law — 1904. 357.
Voting-. Preferential— 1912. 93.
Voting, Qualifications — in each volume from
Voting' by Soldiers — 1918. 616.
Voting System, Australian — 1890. 159.
Voyages. Fast Atlantic — See Fastest Ocean
Passages.
Wade. J. F.. Sketch— 1899, 227.
Wage Laws. Minimum — 1914. 415 (see Mini-
mum Wage Laws).
Wages and Cost of Living — 1905. 50; 1906.
76; 1907. 63.
Wages in Europe and America — 1891, 125;
1905. 49.
Wages in Foreign Countries — 1896. 44.
Wages Lost in Strikes — 1896. 201.
Wages on Farms — 1902. 44.
Wages. Railroad. Increased— 1919. 415.
Wages. Tables of — 1908. 170. and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Wake Island. Taking of — 1901. 135.
Walcott. C. D.. Sketch — 1908. 356.
Walk. Long, by Mrs. Beach — 1913. 67.
Walker. Asa. Sketch — 1899. 223.
Walker, I. N.. Sketch — 1896, 92.
Walker. J. G., Sketch— 1905. 206.
Wallace. J. F.. Sketch — 1905. 205; 1906. 300.
Waller Case — 1896. 220: 1897. 113.
Walsh. John R.. Case— 1909. 410: 1912. 403.
Walsh. Patrick. Sketch — 1895, 106.
Walsh. T. J.. Sketch — 1914. 261.
War and Chicaero — 1918. 569.
War and Education, Cost of — 1895. 366.
War Budgets of the World — 1899. 150.
War Department — In each volume.
War, European — 1915, 367; Aeroplanes in.
451; Aisne, Battle of, 455; American Neu-
trality, 455; Assassination of Archduke Fer-
dinand, 3t>8; Atrocities, 448; Official Docu-
ments, 370; Marne, Battle of. 455; Mora-
toriums, 449; Pronouncing Gazetteer. 460;
Submarines, 445, 453; Alliances. 369:
Losses. 450; Naval Losses, 450; Cost m
Money, 451; Narrative, 453.
War, World — 1916, 312; Ancona, Sinking of.
339; Arabic, Sinking of, 339; Armenian
, , .
Champagne. Battle of. 321; Dardanelles
Campaign, 350; Diplomatic Correspondence,
360 ; Dumba. Recall of, 345 ; Egypt a Protecto-
rate: 328: Falkland Islands. Battle of. 321:
t'rye. W. P.. buiiK, 3-±u; Jtioli. Frank, PiOts
of, 344; Interned Ships, 341, 342; Italy En-
ters War. 316; Loan. Angio-British, 354;
Lusitania, Sinking of. 325; JSeuve Chapelle.
Battle of, 321; Papen. Capt. von. Recall,
347; Review of War. 347; Sarajevo Plotters
Executed, 328; Serbian Campaign. 351;
Warships Lost, 313; Ypres, Battle of. 321:
Zeppelin Raids. 327.
War. World — 1917, 468: Americans on Armed
Merchantmen. 475 : Appam Case. 500 : Belgian
Deportations. 482: Blacklisting. 521; Case-
ment. Sir Roger, Executed. 481: Commerce.
Restraints on. 509; Congress. Action in. 475;
Cost of war. 469; Deutschiand, Voyages of,
473; Diplomatic Correspondence, 485; French
Deportations, 482; Fryatt, Capt., Execution,
474; Gallipoli Evacuated. 530; German Sub-
marine Promise. 492; Germany's Peace Of-
fer. 531; Goritz. Capture of, 530; Ireland.
Revolt in, 480; Jutland. Battle- of, 470:
Kitchener. Death of. 470; Marina Case. 473:
Persia, Sinking of. 473; Pol'sh Kingdom Re-
stored. 528: Portugal Enters War, 484:
Provence. Sinking of. 472: Roumania Enters
War. 484; Saloniki Campaign. 531; Somme.
Battle of. 470; Submarine Warfare. 473:
Sussex Case. 473. 475; "Tanks" in War.
474; Trading with Enemy Act. 521; Verdun,
Struggle for. 528; Zeppelin Raids. 482.'
War. World — 1918. 359; Aircraft Production,
536; Alien Property Act. 448; Antilles Sunk,
541; Appam Restored, 551; Armed Neutral-
ity, 583; Army Law, Emergency. 397;
Austria-Hungary, United States Declares War
Against. 464. 466: Aviation Service Law.
423; Belgian Deportations. 504; Bernstorff
Given Passports. 382: Blockade Zones, 380;
Bolshevik Peace Offer. 376: Britannic Sunk.
538; Cambrai. Battle of. 548: Camps and
Cantonments. 478, 479: Chauncey. Loss of.
542; Congress. War Work of. 396; Cron-
hofen Affair. 501: Czar Deposed. 508: Dates
of Big Battles. 551; Draft. 395. 406. 572;
Espionage Law. 409; Finland Torpedoed.
542: Food Conservation. 417, 528. 529:
Goethals-Denman Dispute. 531; Greece, King
of. Deposed, 515; Hindenburg Retreat. 547;
Insignia. Military. 486: Insurance War Act.
453; Italian Retreat. 550: Joffre in Chicago.
570; Liberty Loans. 523: Luxburpr Affair.
501; Mesopotamia, Campaign in. 513: Peace
Propositions, 363: "Peace Without Victory."
370; Pope's Peace Appeal. 372; Red Cross
War Work. 533: Russia. Revolution in. 508:
Ship Seizure Law, 403; Submarine War,
379. 536: Trading with Enemy Act. 446:
United States Enters War. 377: Vimy Ridge
Taken. 547: War Messages, 387, 486; Y. M.
C. A. War Work, 535; Zeppelin Raids. 533:
Zimmermann Mexican Plot. 385.
War. World— 1919. 327: Aircraft Production
Inauiry. 553. 562: American First Army.
497: Americans. Tributes to. 617: Armistice
Terms. 456. 620: Army General Staff. 604:
Austria. Collapse of, 611: Austria. U. S.
War Declaration. 327; Aviation in War. 550:
Aviators Killed. 557; Bakfr, Secretary, in
Europe. 516; Battles, American. Chronology.
678: Battles. Dates of. 616; Belgium Lib-
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1022
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
crated. 674: Belleau Wood. Battle of.. 568:
Bouresches, Battle of, 569: Brest-Litovsk
Treaty. 564: Britain's Part in War. 660:
Bruges Taken. 617: Bulgaria Surrenders.
456. 609: Canada's Part in War. 663: Can-
tigny Battle of, 562: Celebrations, Peace,
621: Charles I.. Abdication of. 659: Chateau
Thierry Battle of, 563: Chipilly Ridge,
Battle of. 614; Chronology. 620: Coal Con-
troversy, 410; Congress, War Work of, 361;
Cost of War. 332: Czar Assassinated. 469:
Czecho-Slovak Republic. 520: Dead, Noted,
331: Debts of Belligerents. 334: Declaration
of London. 531: Draft Age Changed. 390:
Dynasties Ended, 331: Espionage Act and
Cases, 537: Ferdinand. King. Abdication,
609: Fismes, Battle of, 578: Fourth of July
Messages, 709: Germany, Revolution in,
633: Gillespie Shell Plant Explosion. 426:
Hindenburg Line Broken. 618: Hospital Ships
Torpedoed. 608: Italy's Welcome to Ameri-
cans. 675: Juvigny, Battle of. 615: Lafay-
ette Squadron. 550: Lichnowsky Memoran-
dum, 337; Luxemburg Liberated, 657: Ma-
rine Corps. Battles of. 568: Meuse-Argonne
Offensive, 564: Military Service Treaties.
692: Nicholas II. Killed. 469: Occupa-
tion. Army of. 657; Ostend Blocked, 581,
582: Ostend Taken. 617: Palestine, Battles
in. 609: Peace Notes. 452: Peace Speeches.
427: Pershing Report, 560; Plots in United
States. 537: Poland. 524: Profiteering. Re-
port on. 683: Red Cross Work. 477; Review
of War from Start, 586: Rhine Crossed. 658;
St. Mihiel. Battle of, 570. 615: St. Quentin.
Battle of. 565: Soissons, Battle of. 578;
Submarine Warfare, 543. 593; Supply Serv-
ice. 561: Surrender Conditions. 456: Turkey.
Surrender of. 609: Versailles War Council,
480: Vesle. Battle of. 578; William II.. Ab-
dication. 626; William II., Boasts of. 627:
W. C. A. War Work. 679: Zeebmgge
T. W. C. A.
Blocked. 580.
War. Survivors of Civil — 1904, 22: 1905. 122.
1907. 32.
Ward, A. Montgomery. Death — 1914. 565.
Ward Boundaries of Chicago — 1902, 394. and
in succeeding volumes.
Ware. Eugene. Sketch — 1903. 235.
Warehouse Act— 1917. 194.
Warne, F. W.. Sketch— 1901. 250.
Warner. Fred M.. Sketch — 1907. 274.
Warner, Vespasian. Sketch — 1906. 299.
Warner, William. Sketch — 1906. 298.
Warren, F. E.. Sketch — 1896. 92.
Wars. Chronology of Recent — 1902. Ill;
1904. 112. and in succeeding volumes.
Wars. Cost of Modern— 1902. 91: 1918. 562:
1919 332
Wars. United States— 1895. 182: 1899. 183.
Washington. 'Booker T., Death of — 1916. 425.
Washington's Farewell Address— 1919. 712.
Water. Tests of Pure — 1887. 17.
Waterbury (Conn.) Fire — 1903. 198.
Waterfalls. Famous — 1909. 190; 1910. 36;
1911. 132: 1912. 102: 1914. 243.
Waterways. Deep— 1898. 236: 1908. 82. 369.
399. 400; 1909, 548; 1910, 72, 403; 1911,
312: 1912, 220. 291.
Waterworks. Chicago— 1902. 410: 1906. 434;
1908. 462, and in succeeding volumes.
Watkins. A. S., Sketch — 1909, 321.
Watkins, T. H., Sketch — 1903. 238.
Watson, C. W.. Sketch — 1912, 407.
Watson, J. C.. Sketch— 1899, 225; 1903. 236.
Watson. T. E.. Sketch— 1897. 154; 1905, 203;
1909. 321.
Waves. Height of Ocean — 1902. 186.
WeaHh and Deb's of Nations — 1894. 101:
1904. 220: 1905. 88: 1906. 88; 1916. 80.
Wealth. Increase of — 1890. 160.
Wealth of United States — See United States.
Wealth of.
Wealthiest Men and Women — 1903. 182.
Weather Forecasts and Signals — 1888, 128:
1892. 63; 1902, 74. and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Weather. Hot (1901) — 1902, 112; in 1911.
1912. 199.
Weaver, J. B., Letter — 1893, 165.
Weaver, J. B.. Sketch — 1893, 61.
Weber-Kanter-Loveless Case — 1902, 107.
Webster, R. E., Sketch — 1904, 205.
Wedding Anniversaries — 1888, 74; 1904, 110:
1905, 28, and in succeeding volumes.
Week. Days of— 1888, 16.
Weeks, J. W., Sketch — 1914, 261.
Weights and Measures, United States — See
Measures and Weights.
Weights, Healthy— 1902. 67; 1903, 15; 1908,
330; 1909. 277.
Weissert, A. G., Sketch — 1893. 64.
Wellington, G. L., Sketch — 1897, 160.
Wellman Expedition — 1907, 246; 1908, 134;
1910, 331; Attempts to Cross Atlantic in
Dirigible, 1911. 318.
Wells, Deepest — 1916. 83.
Wells, H. M.. Sketch — 1896. 93.
Welsh Church Disestablishment — 1915. 357.
Wernz, Francis X , Sketch — 1907. 274.
West Indies, Danish, Sale — 1917. 420; 1918.
37.
West Point Academy — See Military Academies.
West Point Cadets. Number Increased — 1917,
233.
Weston's Long Walk — 1908, 380: 1910. 317:
1911. 225; 1914. 367.
Wet and Dry Cities and Towns in Illinois —
1916. 665.
Wetmore, G. P.. Sketch — 1909. 324.
Wheat Price Fixed— 1919. 786.
Wheat. Prices of — In each volume from 1891.
Wheat Statistics — See Agriculture.
Wheeler. Joseph, Sketch— 1899. 227.
White.
White.
D., Sketch— 1893. 63; 1897. 158.
D.. Sketch — 1895. 106.
White. Henry. Sketch — 1906. 299.
White. S. M., Sketch — 1894, 63.
Whitla Kidnaping Case — 1910, 112.
Whyte. William P., Sketch — 1907, 272.
Wickersham. G. W.. Sketch — 1910. 33.
Wildes, Frank, Sketch — 1899. 223.
Wiley, Dr., Resignation of — 1913. 158.
Wilkin. Jacob W.. Sketch — 1902. 102.
Willard Statue — 1904. 363.
William. Emperor, Interviews— 1909. 414: Ab-
dication. 1919. 626: Boasts of. 1919. 627.
Williams. S. W.. Sketch — 1909. 321.
Willis. A. S.. Sketch — 1894. 60.
Wilson and Cleveland — 1895, 125.
Wilson Bill. The — 1894, 90; 1908. 69.
Wilson. Ellen. Homes — 1916, 231.
Wilson, Hunting-ton, Sketch — 1907, 273.
Wilson. H. L.. Sketch — 1898. 206.
Wilson. J.. Sketch— 1898. 202: 1910. 33.
Wilson.
Wilson
:J
H., Sketch — 1899. 227; 1903.' 236.
L., Sketch — 1896. 91.
Wilson, Luther B.. Sketch — 1905, 206.
Wilson, Woodrow. Elected President — 1913.
399: Inaugurated. 1914. 36: Re-Elected.
1917. 423. 424; Second Inauguration, 1918,
39.
Wilson. Woodrow, in Europe— 1919. 667.
Wilson, Woodrow. Preparedness Tour — 1917.
202.
Wilson. Woodrow. Sketch— 1903. 237: 1911.
335: 1913. 387.
Wilson. Woodrow. Notes and Speeches in 1917
— 1918. 363. 370. 371, 374, 381, 383. 385.
387, 391. 392 394. 395. 464. 470. A7<?,
512. 562; Notes and Sneeches in 1918—1919,
325. 400. 401. 403. 405, 407. 408. 409. 414,
429. 435. 447, 452, 455, 458, 465. 467.
483. 527. 667. 668, 670, 713. 714. 721.
725. 744.
Wilson. W. L.. Sketch— 1896. 87.
Wind Pressures — 1899. 102.
Wine, Dealers in — 1891, 75.
Wine Growers' Revolt — 1908, 322.
Wine Production — 1899. 101: 1901,240; 1903.
43: 1905, 52; 1907. 99.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1920.
1023
Wines, Aging of — 1887. 13.
Wines, Consumption — 1895, 67: 1898, 51;
1906, 85. 349, and in succeeding volumes.
Wines. F. H.. Sketch — 1900, 126.
Wireless Messages — See Radio Messages.
Witte, Serge, Sketch — 1906, 300.
Woman Alien Enemy Law — 1919. 376. /
Woman. First, in Congress— 1917, 539.
Woman, Proper Weight of a — 1890, 89; 1902,
Woman Suffrage— 1914. 397.
Woman Suffrage Law. Illinois — 1914. 491.
Woman Suffrage, Vote on — 1896. 286.
Women. Associations of— 1902. 340; 1904. 222.
Women. Hours of Work for— 1910. 442; 1916,
289.
Women, Occupations of — 1904, 150.
Women, Titled American — 1896. 239.
Wonders. American — 1893. 190.
Wonders. Seven — 1909, 275.
Wood, E. P., Sketch — 1899. 223.
Wood Pulp. Trade in — 1908, 115; Manufac-
ture of. 1917, 312.
Woodford, S. L., Sketch — 1898, 204.
Woodrow Wilson and Peace Conference— 1919,
666.
Woods. Weight of — 1902. 86.
Wool, Statistics of — In each volume since 1891.
Wool Tariff Bill — 1912. 71.
W6olley. J. G.. Sketch — 1901. 243.
Worcester. D. C.. Sketch— 1901. 248.
Work or Fight Order— 1919. 680.
Workmen's Compensation Acts — 1912. 96.
Works. J. D.. Sketch — 1912. 407.
World. Fastest Trips Around— 1914. 142.
World's Columbian Exposition — 1891. 77; Afit
Incorporating, 77-79; Commissioners and Al-
ternates. 79-80; Directory of. 79: Officers
Of. 79; Committees of. 80-82; The Local
Directory, 82; Committees of, 82; Officers
of, 82; Lady Managers of, 83; Chicago Lady
Managers of, 84; Contesting Location of. 79;
Stockholders of, 85-88; 1892. 202; 1893,
197-233; Attendance at. 1894. 186; Chro-
nology of, 1894. 190; Cost of. 1894. 188:
Special Days at, 1894. 187.
World's Fairs, Previous — 1891, 89: 1908. 352.
Wound Chevrons — 1919, 509.
Wrecks, Marine — 1903, 282; 1904, 83; 1900.
352, and in succeeding volumes.
Wrecks, Statistics of — 1903, 61; 1906, 313.
Wright, Carroll D., Sketch — 1903, 238.
Wright, L. E.. Sketch — 1901, 248; 1904, 204:
1907, 273.
Wright, Wilbur, Death of — 1913, 134.
Wulff Kidnaping Case — 1910, 112.
Wyeth, John A., Sketch — 1901. 101.
Wyllie Assassination — 1910. 321.
Wynne. R. J., Sketch— 1905. 204.
Yale Bicentennial — 1902, 342.
Yellow Fever — 1906. 348.
Yeomans, J. D., Sketch — 1895. 107
Y. M. C. A. Hotel, Chicago — 1916, 677.
Y. M. C. A., War Work— 1919, 190, 479.
Y. W. C. A.. War Work— 1919. 679.
Yoshihito. Emperor. Sketch— 1913. 390.
Young. J. R., Sketch— 1898. 210.
Young, Lafayette, Sketch — 1911. 335.
Young. P. M. B., Sketch — 1894, 59.
Young. S. B. M.. Sketch— 1899. 229.
Ypres, Battle of— 1916, 321:
Yuan Shih-kai, Death of — 1917. 165.
Zeebrugge Blocked— 1919. 580.
Zeppelin, Airship Disasters-,— 1914. 396.
Zeppelin, Count. Death — 1918. 574.
Zeppelin Polar Plan — 1910. 331.
Zeppelins in War — 1915, 453; 1916. 327:
1917. 482.
Zionist Movement — 1902. 156; 1919. 336.
Zoological Gardens— 1913, 227. and in succeed-
ing volumes.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
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