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"The  Best  Afternoon  Paper  in 
the  World" 

"The  Daily  News  is  a  Chicago  institution  and  one 
of  which  the  community,  its  editor  and  its  employes  may 
well  feel  proud.  A  London  editor  once  told  me  that 
The  Chicago  Daily  News  is  by  far  the  best  afternoon 
paper  in  the  world. 

"It  is  more  than  a  purely  Chicago  institution.  It  has 
by  example  been  a  great  force  for  good  American  journal- 
ism. It  stands  and  has  always  stood  for  the  best  in  our 
profession,  resisting  pure  sensationalism,  ever  clean  and 
wholesome,  preferring  sanity  to  hysteria  and  decency  to 
ephemerally  profitable  smut. 

"Honesty  and  cleanliness  have  not  proved  unprofit- 
able. Its  circulation  figures  are  the  envy  of  its  com- 
petitors, while  the  joy  of  the  advertising  manager  is 
often  tempered  by  the  sorrow  that  comes  from  having 
to  leave  out  columns  of  announcements  for  which  no 
room  can  be  found  in  a  thirty-four  page  paper. 

"It  does  not  distort  news;  neither  does  it  know  fear 
or  favor  when  the  public  is  entitled  to  information  no 
matter  how  unpleasant  the  publication  may  be  to  those 
in  high  or  powerful  position.  It  honestly  carries  out  its 
implied  contract  with  the  readers  to  render  daily  a  full 
and  unbiased  record  of  all  world  happenings  that  a  decent 
paper  may  present  to  clean-minded  readers." 


From  a  speech  delivered  in  London,  England,  by  James 
Keeley,  for  many  years  editor  of  the  Chicago  Tribune  and  later 
publisher  of  the  Chicago  Herald. 


[THIRTY-SIXTH  YEAR] 


THE  CHICAGO  DAILY  NEWS 


ALMANAC 

AND  YEAR-BOOK 


FOR 


1920 


EDITED  BY  JAMES  LANGLAND,  M.  A. 


ISSUED    BY 
THE   CHICAGO   DAILY   NEWS    COMPANY 

(Copyright,  1919.  by  The  Chicago  Daily  News  Company.] 


INDEX— 1920. 


No  better  idea  of  (the  contents  of  the  1920 
edition  of  The  Daily  News  Almanac  and  Year- 
Book  can  be  obtained  than  by  glancing:  over 
the  appended  index.  It  will  be  found  that 
while  much  space  has  been  given  to  the  work 


of  the  Paris  peace  conference  and  the  conten- 
tion in  the  United  States  senate  over  the 
league  of  nations,  statistical  >and  other  infor- 
mation on  a  worldwide  range  of  subjects  has 
been  given  as  fully  as  heretofore. 


Abbreviations,    Titles.    De- 
grees      129 

Abstracts,  Torrens  System.974 
Abyssinia.  Government  of.788 

Accessions.    U.    S 213 

Accidents   469 

Accidents.  Miscellaneous  ..470 
Accidents.  Public  Utility.. 174 
Accidents  on  Railroads.... 117 

Aces.    Aviation    633 

Actors'   Strike   752 

Administrative    Code,    111.. 

Amended    810 

Administrator,  Public.  Cook 

County    869 

Admissions.  Dues,  Tax  on.  67 
Aerial    Flight.    First    Non- 
stop   Transatlantic    Ill 

Aerial  Flight.  First  Trans- 
atlantic      107 

Aerial  Navigation.  German 

Treaty    on    606 

A.     E.    F.    Ass'n.    Thirty- 
Third  Division    807 

Afghanistan.  Gov't  of.  .787 
Agricultural  Exports  .  .190 
Agricultural  'Increase  .192 

Agricultural   Statistics.181-191 


Agriculture,  Dept.   of 
Agriculture  Dept..  111. 


.387 
.832 


Air     Clauses     in     German 

Treaty    579 

Airplane  Flight,      Chicago- 
New   York    790 

Airplane    Race.    Transcon- 
tinental      548 

Airplane  Records    459 

Airship.  Long  Voyage 865 

Alabama.  Population  304 

Alabama.   State  Officers.... 305 

Alabama.  Vote  of  304 

Alaska  791 

Alaska.  Population.... 197.  211 

Alaskan  Railroads   760 

Alaskan   Seal   Census 375 

Albania.   Government  of... 782 

Aldermen.   Board   of 881 

Aldermen.  Four  Year  Term, 

Vote  on  860 

Aldermen.  Nonpartisan. 

Vote  on  860 

Aldermen,  Primary  Vote 

for  846 

Aldermen.  Vote  for 858 

Alexander,  J.  W.,  Made  Sec- 
retary of  Commerce 750 

Algeria.   Government  of.... 788 
Alien  Property  Custodian.. 388 
Allied    Commissions,     Aus- 
tria      638 

Alsace  -  Lorraine.     German 

Treaty  on    560 

Altitudes.  American  Cities. 223 
Altitudes.    Continental    ....130 
Amendments      to      German 
Treaty.    Senate    712 


American  Bible  Society.... 352 
American  Defense  Society. 767 
American  Expeditionary 

Force,    Organization    479 

Am.  Federation  of  Labor.. 468 
American  Hall  of  Fame...  137 

American  Legion  767 

Am.  Legion.  111.  Chapter... 869 
American  Library  Ass'n... 358 
Am.  Sunday  School  Union.352 
American  Tract  Society.... 352 
Am.  Treaty  with  France... 679 
American  Troops  in  Berlin.727 
Anarchistic  Bomb  Plots.... 741 
Animal  Industry,  Supt.  of, 

Illinois  832 

Annapolis  Academy  494 

Anniversaries.    Wedding    ..124 

Annuity.    Tables    127 

Antarctic  Exploration   751 

Antiquities.  American  ....247 
Antitrust  Law,  Sherman...  113 
Appeals.  Circuit  Court  of. 

Chicago     876 

Appeals,  Circuit  Courts  of  389 
Appeals.  Court  of  Customs. 389 
Appellate  Court.  1st  Dist.,876 

Apple  Crop   186 

Apportionment,  Congress.. 403 
Appraiser's  Office.  Chicago.  886 
Appropriations.  Army, 

Navy  760 

Appropriations.   Chicago    ..889 
Appropriations.  Cook  Co... 871 
Arbitral      Tribunal,      Aus- 
trian Treaty   on 663 

Arbitral  Tribunal,   German 

Treaty  on  603 

Archbishops     346 

Architect.  City.  Chicago.... 886 

Architect,  Cook  County 868 

Architect.    Supervising.   HI. 833 

Arctic  Exploration  751 

Area  Illinois  Cities   838 

Area  Large   Cities    223 

Area  of  U.  S.  in  Sq.  Miles.213 
Argentine  Rep..  Gov't  of  .789 

Arizona.  Population 305 

Arizona.  State  Officers  .    .305 

Arizona.  Vote   of   305 

Arkansas,  Population  ...  .305 
Arkansas.  State  Officers  .306 

Arkansas.  Vote  of   305 

Armament,  Fighting  Ships. 497 
Armies  and  Navies,  World. 743 
Armistice  Day  Observed... 681 
Army  Appropriation  Act... 760 
Army,  Austrian,  Treaty 

on    635 

Army.  Authorized  Strength.476 
Army,    Commissioned    Per- 
sonnel     759 

Army  Decoration,  French.. 624 

Army.  Demobilization   528 

Army  Divisions.   Nick- 
names.  Insignia    490 

Army.  General  Officers  ....475 
Army.  German.  Treaty  on. 574 
Army,  Insignia  488 


Army  and  Navy  Union.... 764 
Army  Nurses.  Civil  War... 763 

Army  of  Occupation 536 

Army.  Officers'  Insignia  ...483 

Army.  Organization  480 

Army  Pay  Table  491 

Army  Posts   476 

Army.  Rank  of  Officers 484 

Army.  Sources    503 

Army.  Strength    531 

Army,  Supply  Service  508 

Army.  U.   S 475 

Army.  U.  S..  Central  Dept.869 
Army.  U.  S..  in  World  War.502 

Arsenals.  U.  S 411 

Art  Advisers.  Board,   111... 833 

Art   Galleries.  World    375 

Art   Institute    876 

Artists.  Art  Clubs,  Chicago.839 

Assembly,  Illinois  840 

Assessment,  Illinois  736 

Assessors,    Board    of.   Cook 

County    868 

Assessment.  Chicago   984 

Assessments.  Cook  County. 986 

Associated  Press,  The 744 

Associations,    General    3-67 

Astor,  Lady,  in  British  Par- 
liament     748 

Astronomical  Soc..  Chicago. 924 

Asylums,  Chicago    945 

Athletics    454 

Atlantic  Ocean.  First  Cross- 
ings  112 

Atlantic  Voyages.  Fast 35 

Attorney,   City.   Chicago.... 882 
Attorney.  Prosecuting,  Chi- 
cago   882 

Attorney.  U.  S.  Dist..  Chi- 
cago      886 

Attorneys.  U.  S.  District... 391 

Audubon   Society,   111 924 

Aurora.    Population 638 

Australia.    Government    of. 781 

Austria.  Frontiers  of 626 

Austria,  German  Treaty  on.564 
Austria.  Government  of.... 782 
Austria,  Treaty  of  Peace 

with    625 

Automobiles.  Manufacture. 236 
Automobile-Train  Collisions.470 

Aviation    Aces    535 

Aviation  Losses  in  War.... 536 
Aviators.  Chicago,  Killed.. 877 


Balloon  Disaster,  Chicago.. 950 
Balloon  Race,  Army-Navy.. 792 
Baltic  Provinces  in  1919... 719 
Bank.  Chicago,  Deposits, 

Loans    900 

Bank  Clearings,   Chicago... 900 

Bank  Deposits    159 

Bank.  Federal  Reserve.  Chi- 
cago     894 

Bank  Notes  158 

Bank    Statistics 159 

Banking  Power.    U.    8 160 

Banking  Statistics     158 


IU 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK:   FOR 


Banks,  Federal  Land  .......  159 

Banks,  Federal   Reserve  ----  Io9 

Banks,  Larg-est  Capital  .....  158 

Banks,  Mutual    Savings  ----  Io9 

Banks,  National    ...........  158 

Banks,   Savings,    Foreign...  lol 
Banks,   Savings,    Statistics..  159 
Banks,   Stock    Savings  ......  158 

Baptist  Church  ..............  348 

Bar  Association.   Chicago..  924 
Barley  Crop,  by  Countries.  18 
Barley  Crop,    by    States  ----  183 

Barley  Crop,    by    Years..  ..187 

•     Barley,  Trade  in  ............  liH) 

'    Baseball  Season    (1919).  ..420 

'     Baseball,  World's    Series...  424 

Basket   Ball    ................  461 

1  •"  Bathing  Beaches,  Chicago..  932 
r    Battle  Ships,   U.  S  ..........  497 

V  Bavaria,  Events  in  ....  .....  727 

\  Bean  Crop,  by  Countries.  ..183 
Bean  Crop,  by  States  .......  186 

Beef  Packing    Statistics  ----  928 

Beet  Sugar  Production. 
United  States   .............  188 

Belgium,  Ambassador  to  —  759 
Belgium,    Austrian    Treaty 
on    ..........................  6d/3 

Belgium.     German     Treaty 
on    ..........................  555 

Belgium.    Government    of.  .782 
Belgium.  King  of.  in  U.  S.74o 
Belgian  Kongo   ...  .....  VRQ?RR 

Benevolent    Societies.  .  .359-365 
Ben-Hur,    Tribe    of  .........  36 

Bequests    (1919)    ..........  474 

Bequests.   Education.  ......  .239 

Berger.  V.  L..  Excluded 
from    Congress  .........  :..76 

Berlin   American  Troops  m.727 
Beverages.    Tax    on..,  .......   59 

Bible    Society.   American...  352 
Billiards    ....................  4f>3 

Bills.  Failed  of  Passage....  84 

Birth.  Infant    Mortality, 
Rates    .....................  142 

Birth   Rates.   American  .....  232 

Bishops.  Episcopal  •••••••••348 

Bishops,  Methodist  ...347,348 
Bishops,  Roman  Catholic...  346 
Blacklists  ..........  82 

Blind,  in    Other    Countries.218 
Blind  Population,    U.    S....218 

Blind.  Visitation  of,  HI....  833 

Bloomington.    111.,    Popula- 
tion   ........................  "**& 

Board    of    Education.    Chi- 
cago    .......................  a\t  i 

Board  of  Trade,    Chicago..  915 
Boiler  Inspection  Dept.,  Chi- 

C3.2TO  ...•...•••••••••••••8ol 

Bokhara'/Government  of.  ..787 
Bolivia.  Government  of  .....  78 

Bombardment   of   Paris  ----  538 

Bonds,   Tax-Free   vs.   Tax- 
able   .................  •  ......  744 

Bonds.  Vote  on,  ChiC|g_c^    ^ 

Boston"  Police'  Strike.'.  ....'.  .753 

Boulevards.  Chicago  .......  92 

Boundaries    of    Austria  .....  626 

Boundaries     of      Germany. 

New   ........................  554 

Bowling    ....................  4oO 

Boycotts,  Blacklists,  Illinois 

Law  Against   .............  820 

Brazil,    Government    of. 


Buckwheat  Crop,   by 

States  184 

Buckwheat  Crop,  by  Years.  .187 
Building-  Advisers,  Board, 

Illinois  833 

Building1  Dept.,  Chicago..  .884 
Building,  Loan  Ass'ns...  .160 
Building  Statistics,  Chi.  .879 
Buildings,  Dept.  of.  111.  .833 
Buildings,  Notable,  Chi.  .922 
Buildings,  Notable,  N.  Y.  .924 
Bulgaria,  Austrian  Treaty 

on  633 

Bulgaria,  German  Treaty 

on  573 

Bulgaria,  Government  of.. 782 
Bulgarian  Treaty  of  Peace. 71 8 
Bullion  Value  of  Silver... 157 

Bushel  Weights  123 

Butter,  Trade  in 190 


Bridge  System.   Chicago 
Bridges.  Closed  Hours  on 
British  Foreign  Trad* 
British  Guards,  Record.. 


.789 
.879 
.750 
163 
..52 


,  . 

British  Treaty  with  France  680 
Broom  Corn  Crop  (1918).  .186 
Broom  Corn  Crop,  by 
States   .....................  186 


Cabbage  Crop 186 

Cabinet.  Presidential  383 

Cabinets  of  Presidents 404 

Cable  Ocean,  Statistics 

United  States  167 

Cables  Surrendered  by  \ 

Germany 588 

Cables.  World  175 

Calendar,  Church,  for  1920  15 
Calendar.  Ready  Reference.  24 

Calendars  (1921-1924) 23 

Calendars,  Various  16 


California,  Population.. 
California.  State  Officers. 
California.  Vote  of. 


.306 
.307 
.306 
.505 
.780 
.613 


Camps  and  Cantonments. 
Canada,  Government  of. 
Canal.  Kiel.  Ger.  Treaty. 

Canal.  Panama    116 

Canal.  Sault  Ste  Marie 117 

Canals.   Ship    117 

Cane   Sugar.  Louisiana 188 

Canoeing  460 

Canvassing  Board.   HI 835 

Capital  Punishm't  in  U.  S.115 

Capitol   in  Washington 83 

Capitols  of   States 774 

Cardinals.  College  of 346 

Carnegie,   Andrew,   death 

of    114 

Carpenters'  Strike 753 

Casualties,  Am.,  in  War.... 537 
Catholic  Church.  Statistics  346 

Cattle  on  Farms 189 

Cavell.    Edith.    Buried 462 

Cemeteries,    Chicago 921 

Cemeteries.  Soldiers',  in 

Europe    487 

Census  Bureau,  Work 748 

Census.  Fourteenth   99 

Census.   School,  Chicago 919 

Census,   U.   S.,    1910    and 

1900    197 

Centenarians  in  U.  S 419 

Centennial     Building1    Com- 
mission, Illinois 834 

Chadsey.  C.  E..  Resigns 750 

Chamber    of    Commerce   of 

U.    S.    A 149 

Character.    Committees    on. 

Illinois    832 

Charitable  Institutions,  111.833 

Charities.  United  751 

Charity  Organizations,  Chi- 
cago     966 

Chart   of   the  Heavens 25 

Cheese.    Trade   in 190 

Chevrons,   Service' 487 

Chicago.  Distances     994 

Chicago    Improvements 895 

Chicago,  Fifty    Wards 821 

Chicago  at  a  Glance 944 


Chicago,  Growth    in    Area 

940,    941 

Chicago  Officials 880,881 

Chicago  Plan  Commission.. 895 
Chicago,  Points  of  Interest. 894 

Chicago,  Progress   of 802 

Chicago  Soldiers  Decorated.728 
Chicago  Tribune-Ford  Libel 

Case   303 

Chicago  Troops  in  War 733 

Chicago  Univ.  Library 926 

Chicago  Weather 901 

Chicago's  Welcome  to  War 

Veterans   804 

Children.  Height  and  Wt..l80 
Children's  Science  Library.928 

Chile,    Government  of 789 

China.  Austrian  Treaty  on.634 
China.  German  Treaty  on.. 572 

China,    Government   of 787 

Christian   Science  Church.. 351 

Chronological   Cycles 15 

Chronology  Recent  Wars.  .547 
Chronology,  World  War 

539-547 

Church  Calendar  for  1920.    15 

Church  Federation,   Chi 886 

Church  Membership   ..353-355 

Church  Statistics    346-358 

Churches,  Church  Property.358 
Churches,  by  Denomi- 
nations     355-357 

Cigars.   Tax   on    65 

Circuit  Clerks,   HI 836 

Circuit  Court   of  Appeals.. 389 

Circuit  Court.  Cook  Co 875 

Circuit  Court  Judge.   Vote 

for    860 

Circuit  Court  Judges.  U.  S.389 
Circulation,  The  Daily 

News    996 

Cities.  Area  of  Large  223 

Cities.  Distances  Between.  .229 

Cities.  Elevation    of 223 

Cities.  Fastest  Growth  ....223 

Cities.   111..  Area,   Pop 838 

Cities.  Largest.   World  226 

Cities  Over    10.000    Inhab- 
itants    224-226 

Cities.  Rank  of  Largest.... 228 
City  Attorneys.  Chicago  ..937 

City  Clerks.  Chicago  939> 

City  Clerk's  Office.  Chicago. 882 

City  Collector,  Chicago 882 

City  Comptroller.    Chicago. 882 

City  Council,    Chicago 881 

City     Employes,     Chicago. 

Number  805 

City  Engineer's  Office,  Chi- 
cago     883 

City  Officials.  Chicago. 880.  881 
City  Treasurer's  Office,  Chi- 
cago   882 

Citizenship  of  Foreign  Born.203 

Citizenship.  U.  S 407 

Civil  Service.    Chicago 886 

Civil    Service    Commission, 

Cook  County  868 

Civil  Service  Com.,  U.  S  .388 
Civil  Service.  Illinois  ...  .834 
Civil  Service,  Statistics  .381 
Civil  Service.  U.  S 381 


Claims.  Hlinois  Court  of 


.832 
.389 


Claims.   U.    S.  Court. 

Clearing  House  Ass'n,  Chi.. 900 

Clemenceau,  Attempt  to  As- 
sassinate    112 

Clerk.  City.  Vote  for 857 

Climatology.   U.   S 775 

Clover  Seed  Crop,  by 
States   186 

Clubs  and  Clubhouses,  Chi- 
cago    948 

Coal  Mines.  Accidents  in.. 174 


823  I  66 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


Coal  Production,  by  States.172 
Coal  Production,  by  Years.172 

Coal.   Use   Restricted    750 

Coast  Guard.  United  States.748 

Coast  Line  ol  U.  S 32 

Code,    111..    Administrative. 

Amended    810 

Coffee  Consumed   235 

Coffee.  Trade  in  190 

Coinage,   by   Nations    3  08 

Coinage.  United  States 157 

Coinage.    World ...157 

Coins.    Foreign.    Value    in 

United  States   120 

Coins.  United  States  162 

Coldest  Days.  Chicago 901 

Collector.  City.  Chicago 882 

Collector.   Custom   House. 

Chicago  °°6 

Colleges.  American  ....240-246 
Colombia.  Government  of. 78 

Colonial   Wars.   Society 760 

Colonies.     'German     Treaty 

on        571 

Colonies.    United    States.... 791 

Colorado.   Population    307 

Colorado.  State  Officers  ....308 

Colorado.  Vote  of  307 

Columbus.  Knights  of.  ....361 
Columbus.  Knights  of.  War 

Work  531 

Commerce.  Austrian  Treaty 

on    6o2 

Commerce.     Chicago     Asso- 
ciation of    751 

Commerce.  Department  of  .000 
Commerce  Department.  111.834 
Commerce.  Dept..  Chicago.. 886 
Commerce  in  German 

Treaty    ......591 

Commerce.  Interstate,  Com- 
mission     387 

Commerce.  U.   S.   Chamber 

of  149 

Commission   Gov't  in  Uru- 
guay     724 

Commissioners.  Cook  Co.. 867 
Commissions  of  Control. 

Allied   579 

Commissions,    Allied.    Aus- 
trian Treaty  on   638 

Committees.    House    Repre- 
sentatives     398 

Committees.  U.  S.  Senate... 397 
Communist  Party.  National 

Committee    796 

Community   Buildings.    Illi- 
nois Law   820 

Community     Centers.     Chi- 
cago   803 

Compensation.    Bureau    of, 

Chicago    884 

Compensations,      Austrian 

Treaty   641 

Comptroller.  City.  Chicago.882 
Comptroller's  Office.  Cook 

County     867 

Conciliation,  Mediation, 

Federal  Board  388 

Confederacy.  Daughters  of. 764 

Confederate  Veterans  764 

Conference,      Labor.      Aus- 
trian Treaty    673 

Congregational  Churches.  ..350 
Congress.  65th,  Work  of...  84 

Congress.  66th  393 

Congress.  66th.  Work  of.  .756 
Connecticut.  Population  ...308 
Connecticut.  State  Officers. 308 

Connecticut.  Vote  of  308 

Conquest  Df  Mesopotamia.. 624 
Conservation.  Board.  111.... 834 
Constitvtion.  Prohibition 

>Am«ndm°nt    417 

Constitution  of  U.  S 369 


Constitutional    Convention. 

Illinois     815 

Constitutional     Convention. 

Illinois.    Delegates 861 

Consular  Service.  U.  S 400 

Consulates  in  Chicago 901 

Contents  Previous  Issues... 998 
Contracts,  Austrian  Treaty 

on    660 

Contracts,    German    Treaty 

on    600 

Conventions.  National  ....794 
Cook  County  Civil  Service. 868 
Cook  County  Committees... 809 

Cook  County   Courts    ?75 

Cook  County  Finances 872 

ook  County  Officials. 866,  867 
Cook  County  Teachers' 

Association    935 

Copyright  Laws.  U.  S 150 

Corn  Crop,  by  Countries..   182 

Corn  Crop,  by  States 183 

Corn  Crop,  by  Years  187 

Corn.   Trade   in    190 

Coroner's  Office.  Cook  Co. .869 
Corporation    Counsel.    Chi- 
cago      882 

Corporation  Taxes   44 

Corps  Insignia   488 

Corpus  Christi.   Storm   at.. 742 
Correction,   House   of.   Chi- 
cago    885 

Cost   of  Living   143 

Costa  Rica.  Goverment  of ..789 
Cotton  Crop,  by  Countries.  182 

Cotton  Crop,  by  States 186 

rotton  Cron,  by  Years  ....187 
Cotton  Seed  Oil.  Trade  in.. 190 

Cotton   Statistics.   U.   S 188 

Cotton,  Trade  in   190 

Council.  Chicago  City 881 

Council,        Chicago       City, 

Politics   of    802 

Council  of  Defense.  Illinois.807 

County   Clerk.   Cook    867 

County  Clerks.  Ill 836 

County  (Cook)  Agent's  Of- 
fice   868 

County       (Cook)       Clerk's 

Office  867 

County       (Cook)       Courts, 

Directory    869 

County     (Cook)     Depart- 
ments.  Directory    869 

County       (Cook)       Institu- 
tions   868 

County     (Cook)     Offi- 
cials     866.  867 

County      (Cook)      Officials, 

Salaries   870 

County  Court,  Cook 875 

County   Hospital,    Cook    ...868 

County   Officers.   Illinois 836 

County    Treasurers,     111.... 837 
Court,   Juvenile,   Cook  Co. .875 
Court-Martial    Sentences....   96 
Court.    United    States    Cir- 
cuit.    Chicago 876 

Court.    United    States    Dis- 
trict. Chicago   876 

Court.   U.   S.   Supreme 389 

Courts.    Cook   County 875 

Covenant,  League  of  Peace. 550 

Cows.   Milch,  on  Far^is 1^0 

Cranberry  Crop  by  Ststes.lPfl 
Orerar  Library,  th?  John.. 927 
Criminal  Court.  Cook 

Conntv   875 

Criminolotdst.    Ill 833 

Croat-Slovene    State.     Aus- 
trian   Treaty   on fi°Q 

0-op    VMne     by   Years 187 

C~or>      Values.      Rank      of 

States    J»fl 

Crops   (1919)    191 


Crops   (1918)    by    States.. 

......; 183-186 

Crops.  Misc.  (1918) 186 

Crops  on  Irrigated  Farms.. 114 

Crops.  U.  S.  (1909) 193 

Cuba.  Government  of 790 

Custodian.  Alien  Property. 388 
Custodian.  Cook  County 

Building  869 

Custom  House.  Chicago — 886 

Customs  Appeals,  Court 389 

Czecho-Slovakia.  Austrian 

Treaty  on  630 

Czecho-Slovakia,  German 

Treaty  on  564 

Czecho-Slovakia,  Gov't  of. 782 


Dairies.   Supt.   of.   111 832 

TVAnnunzio   and  Fiume 724 

Danube.     Austrian    Treaty 

on    668 

P-n^lle,  111..  Population.. .839 
Danzig.  City  of.  German 

Trtaiy    on    568 

Dates,  Recent  Historical... 466 
Daughters  of  American 

Revolution    765 

Daughters  of  Confederacy. 764 

Daughters  of  G    A.  R 763 

Daughters  of  St.  George. ..362 
Daughters  of  Veterans  ....763 

Dawes,  C.  G.,  Citation 728 

Daylight    Saving-    Law    Re- 
pealed     759 

Dead  in  War,  Total 537 

Deaf  and  Dumb  in  U.  S...218 
Death  Rates.  American.... 232 

Death    Rates   in    Cities 231 

D?ath   Rates,   Foreign 232 

Death    Roll    (1919) 470 

Death  Roll,  Chicago's 952 

Deaths,  by  Accident    469 

Deaths,  by  Age   231 

T^ea^s.  by  Causes   231 

Deaths,  by  Color.  Nativity .232 

^paths.   Noted  770 

Debs.    E.    V 266 

Debts.  Austrian  Treaty  on. 655 
Debts,  German  Treaty  on.. 595 

Debts.    National    164 

D-c-tur.   111..  Population... 839 
Declaration     of     Independ- 
ence    374 

Decorations  to  Chicago  Sol- 

di-rs    728 

Decorations,     Medals,      for 

Valor  484 

Decorations,    Naval    95 

Defective    Paupers    215 

Defense  Society.  American. 767 
Degrees.  Abbreviations  ....129 

Delaware.   Population    308 

Delaware,    State    Officers. ..308 

Delaware.    Vote    of    308 

Delinquents,   Juvenile 219 

Demobilization  of  Army... 528 
Democratic  National  Com.795 

Democratic    Platform    797 

Denmark,  Government  of.. 783 
Deposits.  Chicago  Bank.... 900 
Diamonds.  Most  Famous.. 129 

Diamonds.    Weight    of 129 

Diplomatic  Service,  U.  S...399 
n-ie-iM?  Balloon  Disaster. 950 
TMrig-ible  Crosses  Atlantic.. 110 
Di~if=riHe  Destroyed  by 

Lightning    801 

T^-«t— s    Marine    469 

Disasters.    Mine    470 

Disasters.    Mining    465 

TVsnstfrs  to  Shinning  410 

rUsn^nsaripq  in  Chi>"ero..  ..9<6 
r>'stnne°s  "R^twepii  Cities... 229 
Distances  Between  Seaports.229 


ALMANAC  AND    TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Distances  in   Chicago 994 

Distinguished  Service  Med- 
als   489 

District  Attorneys,  U.  S..391 
District  Court,  U.  S..  at 

Chicag-o     876 

District  Courts,  Judges 390 

Division   Table    124 

Divisional    Insignia    488 

Divorce,     Causes     for,     by 

States   236 

Divorce   Statistics.  U.  S....233 

Dog-  Racing   462 

Dominican    Republic,    Gov- 
ernment   of    790 

Drago    Doctrine    113 

Dry  Dock.  Largest  U.  S....160 
Dry  or  Wet  Chicago.  Vote  859 
Dumb  and  Deaf  in  U.  S....218 

Duties.  Customs,  U.  S 132 

Duties    on   Imports    254 

Dwellings,    Families   in 
United  States  214 


Eagles.  Order  of 362 

Earthquakes     154 

East      Prussia,     German 

Treaty  on    567 

East  St.  Louis.  Population. 839 

Easter  Sunday  Dates 119 

Eastern  Star 360 

Eclipses  in  1920 1   30 

Economic   Clauses  in   Aus- 
trian Treaty   652 

Economic   Clauses   in    Ger- 
man Treaty   591 

Economic  Society,  Western. 924 
Ecuador.   Government  of... 789 
Education.    Board   of.    Chi- 
cago     907 

Education  Board.  General.. 748 

Education.  Dept.  of.  Ill 834 

Education.   Gifts,  Bequests.  239 
Education.    Statistics   Unit- 
ed States    237.238 

Education.  Vocational 388 

Education.  Vocational.  Illi- 
nois Law 817 

Efficiency,  U.  S.  Bureau... 388 
Egypt.  Austrian  Treaty  on.(;.*U 

Egypt,  Disturbances  in 724 

Egypt,  German  Treaty  on. 571 

Egypt.   Government   of 788 

Elbe,.  German  Treaty  on... 608 
Election  Calendar,  Chicago. 7°6 
Election  Calendar.  General. 800 
Election  Commissioners, 

Chicago   886 

Election  Laws  Commission 

Illinois  .'835 

Election.  Primary,   Chi 84'! 

Election  Returns    304 

Election     Returns,     Chi- 
cago    847 

Election  Returns,  Cook  Co' 860 
Election  Returns.  Illinois.  .'861 
Electoral  College  .  .412 

Electoral  Districts.  Ill  '84^ 
Electoral  Vote  by  States.. 382 
Electrical  Units  Defined...  12" 
Electricity  Dept..  City...  .884 

Elevation  of  Chicago 980 

Elevation  of   Cities... 
Elevated  Railroad  Stations.749 

Elgin,  111..  Population 839 

Elks.   Order  of 361 

Embassies.    Foreign     in 

United  States  ,...402 

Ember  Days 15 

Employes.    Chicago.    Num- 
ber     805 

Employment  Offices.  Ill 833 

Engineer,  U.  S..  Chicago. ..886 


Engineers,   Board  Super- 
vising     883 

Engineers'     Library.     Chi- 
cago     928 

Engineers.  Western  Society. 924 
English    Language   in    Illi- 
nois Schools  818 

Enlistments.   Vo.untary    ...   96 
Epidemic.  "Flu"   (191SK..377 

Episcopal  Church 348 

Epworth  League 347 

Equalization.  Illinois   State 

Board    832 

Equalization  by  Tax  Com- 
mission, Illinois  813 

Equinox,    Vernal 27 

Eras  of  Time 15 

Eruptions,  Earthquakes. . .  .154 

Estate   Tax 55 

Esthonia.  Government  of.. 783 
European  Gifts  to  Wilson.. 302 
European.  Populations,  Re- 
lief   of 96 

Evanston  Public  Library.  .927 

Events    of    1919 469 

Events,  Recent  Historic il.. 466 
Examiners.  Boards  of.  Chi- 
cago      884 

Excess  Profits  Receipts  ....261 

Excess  Profits  Tax   50 

Excise  Taxes 68 

Executions  in  Cook  Co 805 

Executive    Department 384 

Expenditures.   National 164 

Exports,  Agricultural    190 

Exports,  by  Continents  ....256 

Exports,  by    Countries 2;~5 

Exports,  Chicago    972 

Exports.  Gold.   Silver 254 

Exports  of   Merchandise... 2"0 

Exports,  Summary    252 

Exports,  Value'  of    25 J 


Failures  in  United  States.. 796 
Fair.  State.  Manager.  111.. 833 
Fame.  American  Hall  of.. 137 
Families  in  United  States.. 214 

Family   Altar   League 352 

Farm  Animals  and  Prices.. 189 

Farm  Animals.   Value 189 

Farm  Census,  United  States.192 

Farm  Crops,   "Value 187 

Farm  Firewood  Crop 137 

Farm  Land,  Value 191 

Farm  Products,    Value,   by 

Years   ..193 

Farm  Value    of    Crops, 

Average    187 

Farm  Wages    19n 

Farmers,  by  Classes 193 

Farmers,  by   States 192 

Farmers'  Institute,  111 835 

Farmeo-s*  Purchases  (191 8)  .194 
Farms.  Crops  on  Irrigated. 114 
Federal  Council.  Churches. 

351.  358 

Federal  Judiciary    389 

Federal  Reserve  Act 

Amended  106 

Federal  Reserve  Bank,  Chi- 
cago   894 

Federal  Reserve  Bank  Dis- 
tricts   774 

Federal  Reserve  Banks 159 

Federal  Trade  Commission. 3F8 
Federation   of  Labor.  Am. .468 
Federation   of   Labor,   Chi- 
cago   903 

Feeble-Minded  in  Institu- 
tions    218 

Fencing   462 

Fergus  Falls,  Tornado  at.. 7 

Field  Museum    966 

Field  Museum   Library 927 


Fifty  Wards,  Vote  on 860 

Finance  Department,  111... 832 
Finances.  Austrian  Treaty 

on    646 

Finances,    Chicago 891 

Finances,  Cook  County. ...872 
Finances.  Fire  Department, 

Chicago     905 

Finances      in      German 

Treaty     589 

Finances,  School.  Chicago. 913 
Financial  Statement,  U.  S..463 

Financial  Statistics    155 

Finland,  Government  of... 783 
Fire  Department.  Chicago. 885 
Fire  Department  Chiefs. 

Chicago    906 

Fire  Department    Stations. 

Chicago  906 

Fire  Losses  469 

Fire  Prevention   Bureau, 

Chicago    886 

Fire  Statistics.     Chicago... 905 

Firemen,  Veteran  751 

Fires.  Theater    248 

Firewood  Crop.  Farm 137 

Fish  and  Game  Warden.  111.833 
Fium°,  D'Annunzio  and... 724 
Flag  Display  Days,  Chi- 

cag  j    994 

Flag  of   United    States 106 

Flags,  Weather  118 

Flagsk  When    and    How   to 

Use    178 

Flaxseed   Crop,    by   Coun- 
tries   182 

Flaxseed  Crop,    by    States.  184 

Fleets.    Stations,    U.    S 496 

Floods  469 

V'o-;da.  Popu!9fl'on    308 

Florida.   State  Officers 309 

Florida.  Vote  of  308 

Flower  Symbols  of  Months..  131 

Flowers.  State    131 

Fly    and   Bait   Casting 454 

Foods.  Supt.  of.  Ill 832 

Football    (1919) 436 

Ford-Tribune  Libel  Case... 303 
Foreign  Birth,  Infant  Mor- 
tality     142 

Foreign    Born,    Citizenship 

Foreign  'Born*  inVa'ne .*.'. . . . !  .217 

Foreign  Born    Paupers 215 

Foreign  Born   Population 

Foreign  'cities,'  'Death  ' 

Rates    232 

Foreign  Countries,   Death 

Rates    232 

Foreign  Governments    780 

Foreign  Orders    for    Chica- 

g-oans  980 

Foreign  Standards  of  Time  35 

Foreign  Trade.    British 163 

Foreign  Wars.  Order  of 765 

Foreman.  M.  J.,  Citation.  .728 
Forest  Preserve,  Cook  Co.879 

Forest  Preserves.  Map 878 

Foresters,    Independent   Or- 
der          36 

Foresters.  United  Order  of. 360 

Fort.  J.  F..  Resigns 750 

Fortifications.      Austrian 

Treaty   on    636 

Fortifications,       German, 

Treaty   on   576 

Fnurragere.   French   Army. 624. 
"Fourteen     Points."     Wil- 
son's   68S 

France.  Government    of — 783 
France.    Treaty    with    Brit- 
ain     -680 

France.  Treaty  with  United 
States  679 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Fraternal  Congress  of 
America    363 

Fraternal  Societies 359-365 

Free    Employment    Offices, 
lUinois    833 

Free   Zones   in   Ports.    Ger- 
man Treaty  on   607 

French  Academy.  Members.769 

Frick.    Henry    Clay.    Death 
Of    750 

Frontiers   oi  Austria    620 


Game    and    Fish    Warden. 

Illinois    833 

Garnishment  Law,  Illinois. 994 
Garrett     Biblical    Institute 

Library    92 

Gary  Law  Library 927 

Gas     and     Electricity     De- 

partment.  Chicago 884 

Gases.    Poison    .    ...611 

Gateway  Amendment.  Vote 

QJ» 8o2 

Gem  Symbols  of  Months...  131 

General.    Rank   of...... 482 

Geographic  Soc.  of  Chicago.94. 

Georgia,  Population 309 

Georgia.  State  Officers 310 

Georgia.  Vote   of -.309 

General.  Office  of.  Created. 759 
German     Colonies,     Treaty 

on  571 

German  Elections,  National 

Assembly   726 

German  Fleet  Scuttled 537 

Germany,  Developments  in. 

1919   725 

Germany,    Digest    of    Con- 
stitution   725 

Germany.   Government   of.. 783 
Germany,    New    Boundaries 

of    554 

Germany,     Peace     Treaty 

with  549 

Gifts.  Bequests   (1919) 474 

Gifts.    Education    23 

Gifts  to  President  Wilson.. 302 

Gilbert,   J..    Convicted 742 

Glass,  Carter,  Appointed  to 

Senate    7™ 

Gold  Coinage.  U.  S 157 

Gold  Coinage,  World 157 

Gold,  Exports,  Imports..... 2o4 

Gold.  Fineness  of 129 

Gold.  Silver.  Stocks  in  U.S.157 
Gold.  Silver,  United  States.156 
Gold.  Silver.  World  Produc- 
tion   155 

Golf  Association!  'u.'  'S.'. .' !  *.  1430 

Golf  Clubs  430 

Golf.  Public  Courses 4HO 

Good   Templars.    Order   of. 36*3 
Government  Disbursements. 38 
Gov't  Offices  in   Chicago... 886 

Government  Officials  384 

Government.  Overthrow  of. 

Illinois  Law  Against 8!  9 

Government  Receipts    38 

Gov't  Reclamation  Projects.230 

Governments.  Foreign 780 

Governors  of  Illinois 890 

Governors   of   States 774 

Grace.    D^ys   of 126 

Grain  Crons.  by  Countries.  18 
Grain  Statistics.  Chicago... 992 
Grand    Army    of    the    Re- 
public   762 

Grand       Army       Republic. 

Daughters    863 

Grand  Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic.  Illinois   8*1 

Grand  Canyon  National  Pk.  98 


Grand  Lodges,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.359 
Graves    of    American    Sol- 
diers  in   Europe 487 

Graves.  Austrian  Treaty  on. 639 
Graves.  German  Treaty  on.  581 

Gravity.    Specific,    Table 123 

Great  Britain.  Gov't  of.... 780 
Great  Britain.  Income  Tax.419 
Great  Britain  Rewards  War 

Leaders   487 

Greece.  Government  of 784 

Greek  Church  Calendar 16 

Gregory,    Attorney-General. 

Resigns   747 

Guam    792 

Guam.  Population  198 

Guaranties      in      German 

Treaty    617 

Guatemala.  Government  of. 790 

H 

Haase,  Hugo,  Shot 726 

Haiti.    Government    of 790 

Hall  of  Fame,  American... 137 

Hammond  Library   928 

Harvest  Moon   16 

Hawaii     792 

Hawaii.  Population. .  .197.  211 
Hawker-Grieve  Attempt  ..109 

Hay  Crop    (1918) -....186 

Hay  Crop,  by  States  185 

Hay  Crop,  by  Years  187 

Haymarket  Riot.  Survivors.986 
Health.  Department  of.  Chi- 
cago   885 

Health  Insurance  Com..  111.835 

Heavens.    Chart    of 25 

Hebrew  Calendar  16 

Height  Famous  Structures.! 78 
Heights  and  Weights  of 

Adults    180 

Helgoland,    German  Tre'aty 

on  571 

Hibernians.  Order  of 361 

High    School    Colors,    Chi- 
cago  890 

Highest  Points  in  World...  130 

Highway  Advisers.   Ill 833 

Highways  of  America 141 

Highways,     Supt.    of.    111.. 833 
Historical  Events,   Recent.. 466 
Historical  Society,  Chicago. 924 
Historical    Society,    Evans- 
ton    801 

Historical   Society  Library, 

Chicago   927 

Hohenzollern,  Wm.,  in  Hol- 
land    727 

Holidays.  National   760 

Holidays  in  United  States.. 768 
Homes    for    Indigent.    Chi- 
cago      945 

Homes   for   Soldiers 410 

Homestead  Laws,   U.  S 411 

Honduras.  Government  of.. 790 
Hop  Crop  by  Countries — 182 

Hop  Crop  by  States 186 

Hops.   Trade  in 190 

Horse  Racing   433 

Horses,   on  Farms 189 

Horses,  Mules,  Export 189 

Hospitals,  Dispensaries,  Chi- 
cago     946 

Hospitals.  Military  93 

Hotels.  Chicago  877 

Hottest    Days.     Chicago....  901 

House  Committees    398 

House  of  Commons,  Parties 

in  748 

House      Number      System, 

Chicago    97P 

House.   Speakers  of 413 

Housing1    Commission.    Illi- 
nois Law  819 


Humane  Society,  Illinois... 841 
Hungary,  Government  of... 784 
Hungary.  Revolutions  in... 719 

Hunter's  Moon    16 

Hydrographic     Office.     Chi- 
cago   886 


Iceland,  Government  of. . .  .784 

Idaho,  Population   310 

Idaho,  State    Officers 311 

Idaho.  Vote  of   310 

Illinois  Central    Station, 

New     895 

Illinois  Cities,  Population. 

Area   838 

Illinois  Constitutional  Con- 
vention   Delegates.     Vote 

for    861 

Illinois  Constitutional  Con- 
vention Law   815 

Illinois  Electoral    Districts. 842 

Illinois,    Governors    of 890 

Illinois  Hard  Roads  Plan.. 141 
Illinois  Legislation  (1919). 810 

Illinois  Men  in  War 734 

Illinois.  Military  Forces.... 734 

Illinois,   Officials     832 

Illinois.  Popular  Vote 863 

Illinois,  Population     311 

Illinois.    Population   Statis- 
tics      8*3 

Illinois  State  Central  Com- 
mittees   808 

Illinois,   State  Officers 313 

Illinois   State  Officials.831.  832 
Illinois      Tax      Commission 

Law   .810 

Dlinois.    U.    of.    Trustees... 832 

Illinois,   Vote  of  311 

Illinois  Waterway    816 

Illiteracy  in  United  States 

Statistics    216 

Immigration    Bureau,    Chi- 
cago   886 

Immigration    Law 409 

Immigration    Statistics 776 

Impeachment  Cases 248 

Imports.  Chicago     972 

Imports,  by  Continents 256 

Imports,  by  Countries    255 

Imports,  Duties    254 

Imports.  Gold,     Silver 254 

Imports   of   Merchandise... 249 

Imports,   Summary    252 

Tmports,  Value  of 253 

Improvement    Associations. 

Chicago    803 

Improvement    Bonds.    Vote 

on    860 

Improvements.  Chicago 895 

Improvements,  Local  Board. 

Chicago  884 

Tncome  Tax   36 

'ncome  Tax,  Great  Britain  419 

Income  Tax  Receipts 261 

Tncome  Tax  Statistics 262 

Independence.  Declaration 

of    374 

Tndia,    Government  of 780 

Indian    Commissioners...... 388 

'ndian  Day.    American 830 

Indiana,  Population    313 

Tndiana,   State    Officers 314 

'n^isna.   Vote  of 313 

Indigent,    Homes  for.    Chi- 
cago   945 

Tnri"strial   Commission.   111.833 

Tndnstrial  Conference 755 

Industrial     Property.     Aus- 
trian  Treaty   on 66i 

Tri^nstr^l     Pronerty,     Ger- 
man  Treatv  on   604 

Industrial  Survey,  Illinois.  .835 
Industrial  Unrest   752 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Industries,   Rank  of  ........  169 

Infant   Mortality  ............  179 

Infant    Mortality    Rates...  142 
Influenza  Epidemic  (1918).  377 
Initiative,  Vote  on  —  861,  862 
Insane  in    Hospitals  ........  217 

Insane,  Statistics  .....  217,218 

Insig-nia,  Army    ............  488 

Insignia,  Officers',  Army, 

Navy    .....................  483 

Inspectors  Steam  Vessels. 

Chicago  ....................  886 

Insurance.  Austrian  Treaty 

on    ..........................  662 

Insurance,  German  Treaty 

on  .........................  t>02 

Insurance.  Marine   .........  139 

Insurance  Statistics  .......  176 

S  RiskV:.263:266 
Interest  Tables  ..............  1^5 

Interior   Department  ........  387 

Internal    Revenue.    Dept.. 

Chicago     ................... 

Internal   Revenue   Re- 

ceipts    .............  ...257-201 

International  Labor  Confer- 

pncfi         ••••  ............  • 

International  Labor  Office. 

Austrian  Treaty   .......... 

International   Labor   Office. 

German    Treaty    ....  ......  614 

International  Trade  Con- 

ference  ....................  "bl 

Interstate   Commerce    Com- 

mission   ......  ............... 

Iowa.  Population  ..........  . 

Iowa.  State    Officers  ........  315 

Iowa.  Vote  of  ...............  31 

Ireland.  Sinn  Fein  Activity  .727 
Iron.    Pig.   Production......  172 

Iron.  Steel  Output,  World's.228 
Irrigated  Farms,  Crops  on.  114 
Italy.  Austrian  Treaty  on.  628 
Italy,  Government  of  ......  784 


Japan    Government  of  ......  788 

Japanese-Korean   Conflict.  .727 

JeWcl  .........  ..•••••••••••  •  i  O  • 

Jewish"  Calendar    ...........   16 

Jewish    Historical    Society. 
Illinois     ..............  •  .....  924 

Joan  of  Arc  Canonized  .....  23 

John  Crerar  Library  ........  927 

Joliet.    111..    Population  .....  839 

Judge,  Municipal.  Vote  for.8o8 
Judge.  Superior.  Vote  for 

...........  808,    o< 

Judges,    County,    HI  .........  836 

Judges  U.  S.  Circuit  Court.389 
Judges.  U.  S.  Dist.  Courts.  390 
Judgments,  Austrian  Treaty  • 

on    ..........................  660 

Judgments,   German  Treaty 

on        ......................  600 

Judicial  Salaries  ............  '105 

Judiciary,  Federal   ..........  38: 

Jugo   Slavia,   Gov't  of  ......  787 

Jury  Commission,  Cook  Co.  86 
Justice,   Department  of  .....  38 

Juvenile  Court,  Cook  Co...  875 
Juvenile  Delinquents  .......  219 


Kansas.  Population   315 

Kansas.  State  Officers   316 

Kansas.   Vote   of    315 

Kentucky,  Gubernatorial 

Vote    743 

Kentucky,   Population    316 

Kentucky.   State  Officers   ..317 
Kentuck-v.  Vote  of  316 


Khiva.  Government  of 788 

Kiel  Canal.  German  Treaty 

on  613 

King-  Albert  in  U.  S 745 

King's  Daughters.  Sons  ...352 

Knights  of  Columbus  361 

Knights  of  Columbus.  War 

Work  531 

Knights  of  Pythias  360 

Knights  Templars  359 

Kolchak  Corresponds  with 

Allies  721 

Kongo.  Belgian  788 

Korea  788 

Korean  Revolt 727 


Labor.    Am.   Federation 468 

Labor.  Austrian  Treaty  on.  672 

Labor    Conference     68; 

Labor   Conference,    German 

Treaty  on   01 

Labor  Conference,   Interna- 
tional  759 

Labor.  Department  of 38f 

Labor   Department.    HI 833 

Labor     in     German    Peace 

Treaty   613 

Labor      Office,       German 

Treaty  on   614 

Labor  Office,  International, 

Austrian   Treaty    67J 

Labor  Party.  National  Com- 
mittee      796 

Labor  Party  Platform.  111.. 798 

Labor  Troubles,     1919 752 

Labrador.  Government  of.. 781 

Ladies   of  G.  A.  R 76: 

Lafayette  National  Park...   99 
Lake   Front    Improvements 

895,   896 

Lake  Trade,  Chicago's 94  r 

Lakes.    Area,    Depth 130 

Lakes.  Largest  in  U.  S 163 

Land  Banks,  Federal 159 

Land    Titles,    Torrens    Sys- 
tem     868.974 

Language,   English,   in  Illi- 
nois  Schools    818 

Languages.  World  125 


Lard,    Prices 


.992 


Law   Department.   Chicago. 882 
Law  Examiners.  Illinois.... 832 
Law    Institute,    Chicago.... 924 
Law  Institute  Library,  Chi- 
cago      928 

Laws.       Uniform,      Illinois 

Commission    835 

League  to  Enforce  Peace.. 767 
League    of    Nations,    Cove- 
nant   550 

League  of  Nations,   Organ- 
ization     719 

Learned  Societies,   Chicago.924 

Learned  Societies,  U.  S 366 

Legations.  Foreign,  in  U.  S.402 

Legion,   American    767 

Legion,    American,   Illinois. 869 

Legion    of   Honor    624 

Legion  of  Valor 765 

Legion  Veterans  Shot 681 

Legislation.   111.    (1919)  ....810 
Legislative    Reference    Bu- 
reau, Illinois  835 

Legislature.  HI.  Members... 840 

legislatures   of  States 774 

Lewis  Institute  Library — 927 
.liberia,  German  Treaty  on. 572 
Liberia.  Government  of  —  788 

iherty    Loan    Act 91 

iberty  Loans    532 

libraries.  Chicago,  Vicinity.925 
.library  Association.  Amer- 
ican   358 


Library  Association,  Amer- 

ican  (Chicago)    ..........  924 

Literary    Club,    Chicago....  924 

Library    Commission.    111...  836 
Library  of  Congress   .......  500 

Library,   111.   Historical  .....  835 

Library.   Hlinois  State  ......  835 

License  Rates,  Chicago  .....  968 

Licenses.  Receipts  from. 

Chicago  ...................  893 

Liebknecht,   K..   Killed  .....  726 

Liebknecht   Revolt    ____        726 

Lieutenant-General.  Rank..  482 
Life.    Expectation    of  .......  179 

Life.  Negro  Expectation  of  .180 
Life  Tables.   U.   S  ......  179-180 

Lignite  and  Peat  Investi- 

gation   ................  99 

Limitations.    Statute    of....  126 

Lincoln    Memorial    Com....  805 

Lincoln  Park.  Enlarging...  830 
Lincoln  Park  System...  ,..929 
Lincoln's  Gettysburg- 

Speech   .....................  377 

Liquor  Laws,  Enforce- 

ment of.  Illinois  .........  818 

Liquors  Consumed   .........  368 

Liquors  Produced  in  U.  S  741 
Lithuania,   Government  of.  785 
Live    Stock,    on   Farms....  189 

Living.  Cost  of  ...........  "MS 


.....................  785 

Lloyd's    ...................    474 

Loan  Associations  .........  160 

Loan.  Liberty,  Act  ........   91 

Loans.    Chicago    Bank  ......  900 

Loans,  War.    Details  of....  533 

Lodge  Resolution  ..........  113 

London  Police   Strike  ......  752 

London  Victory  Parade.  ..  .720 

Lorraine,  German  Treaty 

on   ................  560 

Louisiana  Cane  Sugar'.'.*  '.'.'.188 
Louisiana.  Population  .....  317 

Louisiana,  State  Officers...  318 
Louisiana,  Vote    of  .........  317 

Lowest  Points  in  World....  130 

Loyal  Legrion  ...............  764 

Luther    League     .........  351 

Lutheran    Church  ..........  350 

Luxembourg,  Rosa.  Killed.  726 
Luxemburg,  Austrian 

Treaty  on   .................  633 

Luxemburg,  German  Treaty 

on  .........................  556 

Luxemburg-  Remains  a 

Duchy  .....................  719 

Lynching-s  .........  .  .........  219 

M 

Maccabees     ............  ..  ...362 

Madagascar.  Gov't  of  ......  788 

Mail   Information    ..........  414 

Maine.  Population    ...  ......  318 

Maine.  State  Officers  ........  319 

Maine,  Vote  of   .............  318 

Males  of  Militia  Age  .......  204 

Manufactures  by  States.  ...170 

Manufactures  in  Cities  .....  170 

Manufactures.  TJ.  S  ..........  109 

tfaple  Sugar  Crop     ........  186 

£aps,  Bureau  of.  Chicago.  884 
Marine  Corps,  Officers  ......  496 

"Marine  Disasters    ...........  469 

arine  Hospital,  Chicago.  886 
Marine  Insurance  ...........  139 


Ma  rine   Insurance,    German 
Treaty  on 


.602 


Marriage  Laws.  U.  S 235 

larriage  Statistics,*  U.  S...233 
forshal.  U.  S.,  Chicago.. ..886 

Marshals.  United  States.... 39?. 

Martin.   T.   S..   Deain    of. ..750 

Massachusetts.    Populatio.i.3.19 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


..881 
..1)28 


Massachusetts.    State    Offi- 
cers    320 

Massachusetts,  Vote  of 319 

Mayflower    Descendants, 

Society   766 

Mayor.  Primary  Vote  for.. 846 
Mayoralty    Elections,    Chi- 
cago   864 

Mayors  of  Chicago    896 

Mayors  of  Large  Cities. 
Mayor's  Office.  Chicago. 
May  wood  Paolic  Library 

Measures.   Shipping    

Measures,  Weights,  in  U.  S.I  20 
Mechanics,  Junior  Order... 362 
Medals.  Decorations  for 

Valor    48-1 

Medals.    Honor    -189 

.  Mediation,     Conciliation, 

Federal  Board    188 

Medical  Education    358 

Medical  Society.  Chicago.. 924 
Memel.  German  Treaty  on. 568 

Men    of   Voting   Ag3 203 

Merchandise,   Exports    250 

Merchandise.  Imports  249 

Merchant  Marine  of  World.302 

Merchant  Marine.  U.  S 171 

Mesopotamia.  Conquest  of. 624 
Methodist     Centenary     Ex- 
position      747 

Methodist  Church   347 

Metric    Conversion    Tables.  120 

Metric   Equivalents    122 

Metric    System    120 

Metropolitan  Districts   .  .  .196 


Mexico  and  United  States 
Mexico.  Government  of.. 

Michigan,  Population  

Michigan,  Vote  of 

Michigan.  State  Officers.. 
Microscopical  Society,  111 
Milch  Cows,  on  Farms... 
Military  Academy.  U.  S.. 


.746 
.789 
.320 
.320 
.321 
.924 
.189 
.494 


Military      Appropriations, 

Repeal   of   89 

Military    Clauses,    Austrian 

Treaty    635 

Military     Clauses.     German 

Treaty  574 

Military  Decorations, 

French   624 

Military  Force  of  Illinois.  .7o4 

Military  Hospitals  93 

Military  Posts,  U.  S 476 

Militia  Age.   Males  of 204 

Mine  Disasters  470 

Mine  Workers'  Strike 754 

Mineral  Monopolies   160 

Mineral  Products   of  U.   S.I 72 
Mines    and   Quarries    in 

United  States   173 

Mines.  Dept.  of.  Illinois.... 833 

Mining  Disasters  465 

Mining   Investigating   Com- 
mission, Illinois   835 

Mining    Property.     German 

Treaty  on    557 

Ministers,      by     Denomina- 
tions     357 

Minorities,  Austrian  Treaty 

on    631 

Minnesota.  Population  321 

Minnesota  Roads  142 

Minnesota.    State    Officers.. 322 

Minnesota.   Vote  of   321 

Mints,  Assay  Offices 769 

Mississippi.  Population  ....322 
Mississippi.  State  Officers  .323 


Mississippi.  Vote  of... 


Missouri,  Gqod  Roads  Law.  142 

Missouri.   Population   323 

Missouri.   Roads  Law 142 

Missouri.  State  Officers...  .324 
Missouri.   Vote   of    323 


.322 


Mitchell.  E.  M.,  Vote.  Cor- 
rection     841 

Mixed     Arbitral     Tribunal, 

Austrian   Treaty    663 

Mixed     Arbitral     Tribunal. 

German  Treaty   603 

Mohammedan  Calendar 16 

Molasses,  Louisiana 188 

Monetary    Clauses    German 

Treaty    589 

Money  and  Finance   155 

Money.   Circulation,   United 

States    161 

Money,    Foreign,    Vame    in 

United  States  120 

Money,   World    156 

Monroe  Doctrine 113 

Montana.  Population    ..     ..324 
Montana,    State   Officers    ..324 

Montana,    Vote   of    

Montenegro.  Gov't  of... 


..785 


Monuments.  Chicago  ..  ..935 
Monuments,  National  .  ..247 
Moon.  Hunter's,  Harvest..  16 

Moon.  Light  and  Dark 27 

Morocco.    Austrian    Treaty 

on    633 

Morocco,     German     Treaty 

on    573 

Morocco,  Government  of... 788 
Mortality    Statistics,    Chi- 
cago    904 

Mortality  Statistics,  U.  S..231 

Mortality,    Table    180 

Mother    Tongue.    Foreign- 
ers'    210 

Motor  Cars.    Revenues    140 

Motor  Cars,  Trucks  in  U.S.495 
Motor  Vehicle  Theft  Act, 

National     760 

Motorcycling    449 

Motoring    448 

Mottoes.  State  • 131 

Mountains.    Highest    130 

Mules.    Horses.    Export 180 

Mules,  on  Farms  1^9 

Multiplication  Table   124 

Municipal  Convention  Halls, 

Chicago     827 

Municipal   Courts.   Chicago. 876 
Municipal      Reference      Li- 
brary.   Chicago 885.927 

M'isHim.   -Advisers,   111 834 

Music   in   Chicago 750 

Mystic   Shrine    360 


N 


Nansen  Plans  to  Feed  Rus- 
sia   723 

National  Army    504 

National  Government  384 

National    Guard    in    World 

War  504 

National  Guard,    Illinois.  ..734 
National  Guard,    Reorgani- 
zation   481 

National  Hymns    305 

National  Monuments   247 

National  Park,  Grand  Can- 
yon      98 

National  Park.   Lafayette..   99 

ISational   Parks    246 

National  Political  Commit- 
tees   795 

National  Safety  Council  Li- 
brary     918 

National  Security    League. 766 

National  Union    361 

Nationals.  Treatment.  Aus- 
trian Treaty    652 

Natural  History,  Field  Mu- 
seum    966 

Naturalization  Laws   T 408 


Naval  Academy,  U.  S 494 

.Naval  Appropriation  Act.. 760 
Naval  Clauses,  Austrian 

Treaty  635.637 

Naval  Clauses.  German 

Treaty  574.577 

Naval  Decorations  95 

Naval  Stations,  U.  S 497 

Naval  Training  Stations.  ..496 
jNaval  Vessels  Lost  in  War. 537 

Navies  of  World 500.743 

Navigation,  Austrian 

Treaty  on  668 

Navigation.  German  Treaty 

on 607 

Navy  Department  385 

Navy  League,  U.  S 766 

Navy  Officers  496 

Navy,  Officers'  Insignia 483 

Navy  Pay,  Table 492 

Navy,  Personnel  497 

Navy,  Rank  of  Officers 484 

Navy,  Ships  of 497 

Navy,  Vessels,  Summary.  ..499 

Navy  Yards,  U.  S 496 

Nebraska,  Population  325 

Nebraska,  State  Officers.  ..325 

Nebraska,  Vote  of 3°  5 

Necrology  (1919)  470 

-•.ecro^ogy,  Chicago  952 

•  egrroes  in  Cities 196,  2O1 

Neighborhood  Improvement 

Associations,  Chicago  ....803 

Netherlands.    Gov't   of 787 

.evatia.   Population    325 

Nevada,   State  Officers 3^6 

Nevada,  Vote  of 325 

Newberry  Library 926 

Newfoundland,    Gov't   of... 782 
New     Hampshire,     Popula- 
tion      326 

New    Hampshire,    State  Of- 
ficers    326 

New    Hampshire,    Vote  of.326 

New  Jersey,  Population 326 

New  Jersey.   State  Officers. 327 

JNew  Jersey,   Vote  of 326 

New  Jerusalem,    Church.. .351 
New  Mexico,  Population... 327 
New  Mexico,   State   Of- 
ficers      327 

New  Mexico,   Vote  of 327 

New     York     City,     Popula- 
tion     220 

New    York,    Population 327 

New  York,   State  Officers.. 329 

New  York.  Vote  of 327 

Newspapers    in    U.    S.    and 

Canada    234 

icaragua.  Government  of. 790 
Nicknames,  Insignia,  Army 

Division  490 

Nicknames.   State  131 

Niemen.  German  Treaty  on.607 

•  flnpartisan  League,  North 
Dakota     801 

Nonpartisan    Election,    Chi- 
cago  Aldermen    825 

No.mal    Schpol   Board,    111.834 

o*orth   Carolina,   Popula- 
tion      329 

.N'orth  Carolina,   State  Of- 
ficers   330 

'orth  Carolina,  Vote    of..  329 
orth  Dakota,   Population. 330 

North  Dakota  Ratifies  Suf- 
frage Amendment  750 

.IN' orth  Dakota,   State      Offi- 
cers     330 

orth  Dakota,  Vote   of 330 

-orthwestern   University 

Library    928 

"orway.    Government   of.. .785 

Numerals.  Roman,  Arabic.. 129 

-<ur series,   Chicago 946 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Oak  Park  Public  Library.  .927 

Oat  Crop,  by  Countries 182 

Oat  Crop,  by  States 184 

Oat  Crop,  by  Years 187 

Oats.  Trade  in  190 

Obituary    (1919)    470 

Obituary,    Chicago    952 

Ocean  Steamships,  Great...  171 

Oceans,  Area,    Depth 130 

Odd  Fellows.  Order 360 

Oder.    German  Treaty   on.. 609 

Officials,  Illinois 831,  832 

Oglesby  Monument  Com- 
mission     835 

Oglesby     Monument     Un- 
veiled     801 

Ohio.  Population    330 

Ohio.  Prohibition  Vote 720 

Ohio.  State  Officers 331 

Ohio.  Vote  of 330 

Oil  Burning  American 

Steamers    807 

Oil  Cake  &  Meal,  Trade  in.  100 
Oil.  Cotton  Seed.  Trade  in. 190 
Oil  Inspector's  Office,   Chi- 
cago     • 88 

Oklahoma,  Population 33! 

Oklahoma,  State  Officers... 332 

Oklahoma.  Vote  of 33 

Old  Chicago  Firms 936 

8 Id  Residents,  Chicago 960 
Id  Residents.  Deaths,  Chi- 
cago    964 

Old  Salem  State  Park,  Illi- 
nois Law  819 

Onion  Crop  186 

Opera  Association.  Chicago.750 

Orange  Crop,  by  States 186 

Orchestra,   Chicago  Sym- 

phony  750 

Oregon,  Population  33 

Oreg-on.   State  Officers 33 

Oregon.   Vote  of 332 

Overthrow  of   Government. 

Illinois  Law   Against 819 

Ownership.     Public.     Vote 
on  861,  Sok5 


Packing.  Pork.  Statistics...  154 

Panama   Canal    116 

Panama  Canal  Zone 792 

Panama   Canal  Zone.   Pop- 
ulation      19 

Panama,  Government  of... 790 

Panics.  Theater  248 

Paraguay,  Government  of..7o9 

Parcel  Post  Rates 414 

Pardons  and  Paroles.  HI... 833 

Paris  Bombarded   5o8 

Paris  Peace  Congress 683 

Paris  Victory  Parade 720 

Parks.  Chicago  929 

Parks.   Board  of   Advisers, 

Illinois    833 

Parks.  National   246 

Parks.  State.  Supt.  of 833 

Party  Lines  in  Congie3S....38:J 

Party  Platforms  797 

Passport  Regulations.  U.S. 7 14 

Patents,  Applications 152 

Patriotic   Societies    762 

Patti.   Adelina.  Death  of .  .416 

Paupers.  Age  of 216 

Paupers,  in  Almshouses....215 
Paymaster.  City.  Chicago . .  883 

Pay  Table.   Army 491 

Pay  Table.   Navy 492 

Pea  Crop,  by  Countries....  183 

Peace  Conference 682 

Austria  Treaty  692 

Bulgarian  Treaty  of  Peace  718 


China  and  Japan  691 

Claims  Urged  692 

Clemenceau        Appointed 

Chairman  686 

Delegates   683 

Change    Among    692 

Fiume  Controversy  690 

German  Colonies.  Disposi- 
tion of     692 

German  Treaty  Presented 

to  Germans  690 

Signed    691 

Italians  Withdraw   690 

League    of    Nations,    Or- 
ganization   of     719 

Covenant  Framers   687 

Presented 689 

Modifications  of  Treaty.. 691 

Opening  Session   684 

Preliminary   Meetings   ...683 

Regulations     683 

Territorial   Claims    688 

Treaty  Ratified  by  Other 

Countries    719 

Turkey.   No  Treaty 719 

Peace  Treaties — 

With  Germany  549 

Aerial   Navigation    606 

Air  Clauses   579 

Alsace-Lorraine  560 

Amendments   Rejected.. 71 6 

Arbitral  Tribunal  603 

Austria    50i 

Belgium    555 

Bulgaria     573 

China    572 

Commercial   Relations.. 591 

Contracts   600 

Czecho-Slovak  State... 564 
Danzig.  Free  City  of. ..568 

Debts    595 

East   Prussia    567 

Economic  Clauses  591 

Egypt   573 

Free  Zones  in  Ports.... 607 
German  Boundaries  ...554 

German  Colonies  671 

German  Rights  571 

Graves   581 

Helgoland    571 

Hughes'  Suggestions.... 697 
Industrial  Property  ....604 
Insurance.  Social.  State.606 

Sterallied    Control 579 
bor  613 

League       of       Nations 

Covenant  550 

Liberia   572 

Luxemburg    556 

McCumber  Report   716 

Memel    568 

Military   Clauses    574 

Mining    Property,    Ces- 
sion    557 

Morocco    57;5 

Naval  Clauses  577 

Navigation   607 

Penalties    581 

Poland     505 

Political    Clauses    555 

Ports     606 

Preamble  Adopted  716 

Presented   to   Senate.... 69'2 

Prisoners  of  War  580 

Property,  Rights,  Inter- 
ests     597 

Railways  606.611 

Ratification   Defeated    .717 

Reparation   581 

Reservations  Adopted.. 716 
Resolution  to  Declare 

War  Ended  718 

Rhine.  Left  Bank  556 

Root's  Reservations  ...696 
Russia  571 


Saar  Basin  556 

Schleswig    669 

Senate    Committee    Ma- 
jority Report 712 

Senate      Minority      Re- 
port      713 

Shantung    574 

Shipping    592 

Siam 572 

Social.  State.  Insurance.606 

State  Insurance  606 

Taft's    Interpretations.. 697 

Treaties.  Previous   593 

Turkey    573 

Waterways     ....600 

Wilson    Questioned    by 

Senators     697 

With    Austria    ,,.525 

Aerial   Navigation   667 

Air  Clauses  635 

Austrian  Frontiers    ....626 
Austrian  Interests  Out- 
side  Europe    633 

Contracts,  Judgments  ..660 

Debts    655 

Disputes     672 

Economic    Clauses    ....652 

Financial    Clauses    646 

Graves   639 

Industrial  Property  ....664 

Insurance    662 

Labor   672 

Military  Clauses  635 

Misc.  Provisions  677 

Naval  Clauses  635 

Navigation   668 

Ports  667 

Railways    667 

Penalties    640 

Political  Clauses   628 

Prisoners  of  War 639 

Property.     Rights     and 

Interests    657 

Telegraphs.  Telephones. 672 
Transferred    Territory. .665 

Waterways     667 

Peach  Crop   ...186 

Peanut  Crop,  by  States 186 

Pear  Crop   186 

Peat  Investigation  99 

Penal  Institutions.  111.833.  834 
Penalties.  Austrian  Treaty. 640 
Penalties,    German    Treaty. 581 
Penitentiary  Building  Com- 
mission. Illinois   835 

Pennsylvania.  Popul  tion..333 
Pennsylvania.  State  Officers334 

Pennsylvania,  Vote  of 333 

Pension  Laws  Com..  Ill ...  835 

Pension  Statistics,  U    S 778 

Pensioning  of  Judges.  111.. 830 

Pensions    98 

Peoria.  111..  Population.... 839 
Periodicals  in  United  States 

and  Canada   234 

Perry's    Victory    Memorial 

Commission    98 

Pershing.  J.  J..  Honors  for.  525 
Pershing.  John  J.,  Thanks 

to    759 

Persia.  Government  of 788 

Peru.   Government  of 789 

Petroleum,    Crude,    Produc- 
tion     345 

Philippine  Islands   791 

Philippines.  Population  ...198 
Physical  Ex.  Drafted  Men. 504 
Physician,  Cook  County... 868 

Pig  Iron  Production 172 

Pistol  Shooting  446 

Planets    (1920)    31 

Planets.  Facts  About 28 

Planets.  Position  of.... 
n^ts.  Visibility  of.... 
Playgrounds.  Chicago  .. 


10 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Plebiscite.   Saar  Basin  ......  560 

Poets  Laureate  of  England.392 
Poland,  Am.  Trade  Com..  A  398 
Poland.  German  Treaty  on.565 
Poland.    Government   of...  786 
Poland,  Republic  of  .......  732 

Poland.  Treaty  with  .......  620 

Polar  Record  .............  751 

Police  Department.  Chicago885 
Police  Department,  Chicago, 

Work  of  ................  902 

Police  Districts.  Chic  go  ...  90 
Police  Record.   Chicago  ----  902 

Police  Superintendents.  Chi- 

cago    ....................  917 

Police    Work,    Chicago,    by 

Years    ...................  901 

Political  Ass'ns.  Chicago.  .  .73o 
Political  Clauses.   Austrian 

Treaty    .....................  6^8 

Political    Clauses,    German 

Treaty     ..............  ....555 

Politics.  Past,  of  States....  411 

Polo    ......................  462 

Pope,  'Roman  Catholic  .....  346 

Popular  Vote.  Illinois  ......  863 

Population  by  Age  Periods.204 
Population.  American  CiUes.^ 

Population.  'Mind  '.'.'.'  .'  ----  '.218 

Population.  Center  of  ......  199 

Population,  Chicago  ..  ----  918 

Population  by  Color,  Race.  201 
Population.  Colored,  in 
Cities  ..............  196-£2^ 

Population.   Cook  County..  87^ 
Population,  Deaf  and  Dumb218 
Pop.,  of  Foreign  Birth  .....  206 

Population.    Foreign    Born 


Population.    Foreign    Born. 

by    Cities     ..............  208 

Population,    Foreign    Born, 

by  States  ...............  206 

Population.    Growth  of  ----  199 

Population,   Illinois  Cities.  838 
Population.  Increase  in....  19 

Pop..  Marital  Condition  ----  205 

Population.  Median  Lines..  199 
Population.  Percentages 

Native,  Foreign   .........  209 

Population  by  Sex  ........  202 

Population,  per  Sq.'  Mile.  .213 
Pop..  States  from  1850  ----  197 

Population.    Statistics    ----  196 

Population.  Statistics.  111..  843 
Population.  Urban,  Rural 

Population.'  "  United'  '  States 

(1850-1910)    ..............  197 

Population,  United  States 

(1790-1840)     ...........  198 

Population.  United  States. 

1910  and  1900  ............  197 

Population.  United  States. 

by  Divisions  .............  198 

Population,  White  and  Col- 

ored, by  States  ..........  196 

Population,   World   ........  212 

Pork,   Mess,   Prices  .........  992 

Pork  Packing  Statistics 

.....................  154,928 

Portland  Cement  Associa- 

tion Library.    Chicago  ----  928 

Porto  Rico.  Island  of  .....  790 

Porto   Rico,   Pop  ......  197,211 

Ports.  Austrian  Treaty  on.  667 
Ports.  German  Treaty  on 

........................  606,    611 

Portugal,  Government  of.  .785 
Portugal,  Monarchist  Re- 

volt in  ..................  724 

Postage.  Foreign  Rates....  415 

Postal  Information   .......  414 

Postal  Rates  ..............  414 


Postal  Savings  Bank 917 

Postal  Savings,  U.  S 10J 

Postal  Statistics.  National.  166 

Postal  Statistics,  U.  S 742 

Postmasters.   Chicago    £ 

Postmasters,    Large   Cities.  149 

Postoffice,  Chicago   916 

Postoffice  Department 386 

Postofflce     Inspector,     Chi- 
cago      886 

Potato  Crop,  by  Countries. 182 

Potato  Crop,  by  States 185 

Potato  Crop,  by  Years 187 

Potato.     Sweet,     Crop,     by 

States   185 

Potatoes,  Trade  in 190 

Power  Boat  Racing 443 

Preparedness  Committee   .  .  766 

Presbyterian  Church 349 

President.  Cabinet  383 

President  in  Europe..  .267-303 

Presidential  Succession  794 

Presidential  Vote 412.   864 

Presidential  Vote,  Chicago. 

Cook    County 864 

Presidents.  Burial  Places .  .  129 

Presidents  and  Cabinets 404 

President's  Message  to  Con- 
gress    378.  737 

Press.   The  Associated 744 

Prices.     Increase    in    Com- 
modity     116 

Primary,  Calendar. -Chicago. 73 6 
Primary  Election,  Chicago. 846 
Prince  of  Wales  in  America792 
Principals'  Club,  Chicago.. 935 

Printing  Office,  Gov't 388 

Printing.  State  Supt.  of... 833 
Printing  Trades  Strike. 

New  York  .-. 753 

Prisoners    219 

Prisoners     of     War,     Aus- 
trian  Treaty   on 639 

Prisoners      of     War.     Ger- 
man   Treaty    on 580 

Prisons.    Illinois 833 

Prisons.  State 248 

Prisons.  Supt.  of.  Illinois.. 833 
Probate  Clerks.  Illinois... 836 
Probate  Court.  Cook  Co... 875 
Probate  Judges,  Illinois.... 836 
Profiteering,  Act  Against.. 759 

Progress  of  Chicago 803 

Progress  of  United  States.. 163 

Progressive  Platform 797 

Property  Rights,  German 

Treaty    on 597 

Prohibition  Act.  National.  .756 
Prohibition  Amendment  ...417 
Prohibition  During  War. ...418 
Prohibition  Enforcement  .  .419 
Prohibition,  Legal  Proceed- 
ings   418 

Prohibition  National  Com. 796 
Prohibition,    Nat'l.    Amend- 
ment Ratified,  Illinois 830 

Prohibition  in  Norway 419 

Prohibition  Platform    797 

Prohibition  Vote  in  Ohio.  .720 
Property.  Assessment,  111.  .828 
Property  Rights,  Austrian 

Treaty    on 657 

Propositions,  Vote  on 859 

Prussia,    East,    German 

Treaty  on  567 

Psychopathic     Institutes. 

Illinois   833 

Public  Debt.  Statement 463 

Public  Domain 266 

Public   Health,   Department 

of.   Illinois   834 

Public  Ownership,  VotP  on 

861,   862 

Public    Policy    Questions. 
Vote   861,    862 


Public       Service,       Cook 
County    Superintendent...  867 

Public  Service  Department, 
Chicago     883 

Public     Utilities      Commis- 
sion. Illinois   834 

Public  Welfare,  Department 
•of,  Illinois   833 

Public    Works,   Department 
of,  Chicago 884 

Public   Works,    Department 
of.   Illinois 883 

Publishers,  Am.  Ass'n 744 

Pugilism    ,    . .  .437 

Pullman     (111.)    Public   Li- 
brary      928 

Pulse  at  Different  Ages.... 129 


Qualifications  for  Suffrage. 406 

Quarries.  Accidents  in 174 

Quarries  in  United  States.. 173 
Quincy.  111.,  Population.. ..839 


Race  Riots,    (1919) 793 

Races  of  World 118 

Racing,  Dog    462 

Racing,  Horse  433 

racing,   Power   Boat 443 

Racquets    430 

Railroad  Accidents    117 

Railroad  Administration. 

United   States   743 

Railroad  Deficiency   760 

Railroad  Runs.    Fast 118 

Railroad  Strikes 752 

Kailroad  Systems,     Statis- 
tics     344 

Railroad  Train    Speed..'.""  124 

Railroad  Wrecks 470 

Railroads.  Electric ...345 

Railroads,  Operating-   In- 

cpme  345 

Railroads,  Revenues,  *Ex- *' 

penses  345 

Rails,    Sted,    Production... 212 
Railway  Mail  Service    Chi- 
cago      883 

Railway  Passenger     Sta- 
tions,  Chicago    939 

Railway  Statistics,   Na- 
tional      leg 

Railway  Tunnels,    Long'.'.' '.123 

Railways,  World's    175 

Railways,   Austrian   Treaty 

on    667,670 

Railways,    German    Treaty 

_on,    ••: 606,611,612 

Rank,    Army,    Navy 484 

Raw    Silk    Crop,    by    Coun- 
tries      183 

Reclamation  Projects *230 

Recorder's  Office,  Cook  Co.. 867 
Ready-Reference  Calendar..   24 
Real  Estate    Board,    Chi- 
cago  944 

Real  Estate  Transfers,  Chi- 

c~g-o     986 

Recorder's  Office.  Cook  Co. 867 

Recorders,     Illinois 836 

"Red  Cross  Work.  American.527 

^ Pd    Men.    Order 363 

Redfield.  W.  C..   Resigns  ..750 

^districting     Chicago 80<3 

pfpr^ndum.  Vote  on.. 861.  862 
Registrar    of    Titles,    Cook 

County   867 

Registration  Dept..  Illinois. 834 
Registration,  Voters  of  Chi- 

oag-o    845 

po-^rv  System   of  United 
States  415 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB,  1920. 


11 


Relief    of   European   Popu- 
lations       96 

Religions    of    World 352 

Religious  Associations.  346-358 
Religious   Education   Asso- 
ciation    351 

Reparation  Commission.... 583 
Reparations,  Austrian 

Treaty    640 

Reparations,   German 

Treaty    581 

Representatives,     United 

States,    Apportionment... 403 
Representatives,     United 

States.    House    394-397 

Republican  National    Com- 

.    mittee     795 

Republican  Platform   797 

Republicans  Win    in    Okla- 
homa     746 

Reservations,    Senate,    Ger- 
man Treaty    712 

Reserve  Militia,  Illinois... 734 
Residents,  Old,  Chicago....  960 

Residents,  Old.    Deaths 964 

Revenue  Act    (1918) 36 

Revenue,  by  States 260 

Revenue.  Internal,  Receipts 

257-261 

Revenues,  National  164 

Review,     Board     of     Cook 

County  868 

Revolutions  in  Hungary... 719 
Rewards  for  War  Leaders.  .487 
Rhine,  Left  Bank,  German 

Treaty  on   556 

Rhine  Republic  727 

Rhode  Island.  Population.. 334 
Rhode  Island.     State     Offi- 
cers     335 

Rhode  Island,  Vote  of 334 

Rice  Crop,  by   Countries... 182 

Rice  Crop,  by  States 184 

Rice,  Trade    in 190 

Rifle  Shooting- 445 

River     Systems,     Austrian 

Treaty    on    668 

Rivers    and    Harbors,    Bu- 
reau.   Chicago 883 

Rivers,   Longest 23 

Road   Bonds,    Vote    on 860 

Road  Construction 97 

Road  Construction  in  U.  S  140 
Roads,  Federal  Funds  for.. 140 

Roads,  Illinois  Plan 141 

Roads,  Minnesota  142 

Rockefeller  Foundation 142 

Rockefeller    Ftmd,    Medical 

Education    358 

Rockford.  111.,  Population. 839 
Roosevelt,  Theodore,  Death 

of  115 

Roque   461 

Rosin,  Trade  in 190 

Roumania,  Government  of. 785 

Rowing-    439 

Royal  and  Select  Masters.. 359 

Royal  Arcanum  360 

Royal  Arch  Masons 359 

Royal  League    361 

Rubber,  Trade  in 190 

Rural  Illiteracy  216 

Rural  Populati9n  ....205,211 
Russia,  Austrian  Treaty 

on     633 

Russia.  German  Treaty  on. 571 

Russia,    Government   of 785 

Russia  Under  Soviet  Rule. 721 

Russian  Calendar  16 

Rye  Crop,  by  Countries.... 182 

Rye  Crop,  by    States 183 

Rye  Crop,  by  Years 187 

Rye,  Trade   in    190 

Ryerson  Library,  Chicago.  .927 


S 


Saar  Basin  Plebiscite    560 

Saar  Basin,  German  Treaty 

on   556 

Saar  Basin.  Government  of.558 
St.  Georg-e.  Daughters  of. 362 

St.    Georg-e.    Sons    of 362 

St.     Ignatius     College     Li- 
brary     927 

Salaries,  Chicago  Employes.887 
Salaries.    Chicago    Officials. 887 
Salaries.  Cook  County  Em- 
ployes      870 

Salaries.    Cook   County   Of- 
ficials     870 

Salaries.  School,  Chicago.. 911 
Salvador.  Government  of... 790 

Salvation  Army    352 

Samoa.   American   792 

Samoa.  Population  198 

Sanborn,  J.  B..  Citation — 728 
Sanitary  District.  Chicago.. 972 
Sanitary    District,    Chicago, 
Power  Development  Law. 830 

Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canal 117 

Savings  Banks.  Foreign — 161 
Savings  Banks,  Statistics. 

United  States  159 

Saxony.  Free  State  of 727 

Schleswig1,  Austrian  Treaty 

on    633 

Schleswig,  German    Treaty 

on    569 

School   Census.   Chicago.... 919 

School  Enrollment 239 

School  Finances.  Chicago... 913 
School  Salaries.  Chicago... 911 
School  Statistics.  Chicago.. 910 
School  Statistics  by  Years. 238 
School  Superintendents,  111.837 
School  Systems.  State. 237.  238 

Schoolhouses  in  U.  S 237 

Schools.  Chicago  907 

Schools.  City  238 

Schools.  Cost  :239 

Schools.  Cook  County  Supt.868 
Science  Library,  Children's. 

Chicago   928 

Scottish  Rite  Masons  359 

Seal  Herd.  Census  375 

Seaports.      Distances     Be- 
tween     229 

Seaports  of  World  365 

Seas.  Area.  Depth  130 

Seasons    15 

Secret  Service,   U.  S..   Chi- 
cago      886 

Senate  Committees.  U.  S...397 
Senate  Majority  Report, 

Peace  Treaty  712 

Senate.  United  States 393 

Senatorial     Districts.      Illi- 
nois     806 

Senators  Rebuked   8-i 

Sentences.  Court-Martial...  96 
Serb-Croat-Slovene  State, 

Austrian   Treaty    629 

Serbia.  Government  of 786 

Sewers,    Bureau    of.    Chi- 
cago     883 

Shantung-,    German    Treaty 

on    574 

Sheep  (1919)    188 

Sheep,  on  Farms  189 

Sheriff,  Cook  County,  Vote.864 

Sheriff.   Elections  of 864 

Sheriffs  of  Cook  County — 871 

Sheriffs.    Illinois 837 

Sheriff's  Office.  Cook  Co.. 869 
Sherman  Antitrust  Law. ...113 

Shipments.    Chicago    947 

Shipping  Data   138 

Shipping  Disasters  410 


Shipping,     German    Treaty 

on  592 

Ships  Built  in  1917 174 

Ships  Built  in  1918 17& 

Ships  of  Navy  497 

Ships.  World's  175 

Siam.  Austrian  Treaty  on.  634 
Siam,  German  Treaty  on.  .572 

Siam.  Government  of 788* 

Sidereal  Noon  27 

Silver  Coinage.  U.  S 157 

Silver  Coinage,  World 157 

Silver.  Commercial  Ratio.. 158 
Silver.  Exports.  Imports... 25{ 
Silver.  Gold.  Stocks  in 

United  States   157 

Silver.  Gold,  United  States.  156 
Silver.  Gold,  World  Produc- 
tion     155 

Silver.  Price  of  Bar 157 

Silver.  Price  of  Bullion.... 157 

Sirius    16 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress  393 

Skating    452 

Ski    Jumping    460 

Small  Parks.   Chicago    932 

Smelters.   Accidents   in 174 

Smithsonian  Institution  ...171 
Social  Service  Bureau. 

Cook  County 868 

Social  Settlements.  Chicago.958 
Socialist  Labor  Platform.. 797 
Socialist  Leaders,  Prison 

Terms  for  495 

Socialist  National  Com.... 796 
Socialist  Platform  (1916). 797 
Socialist  Platform  (1917)  .799 

Societies.  Baptist  349 

Societies.    Benevolent.. 359-365 

Societies.   Catholic   347 

Societies.  Congregational  ..350 
Societies.  Fraternal.... 359-365 

Societies.  Learned  366 

Societies.  Learned.  Chicago.924 

Societies.   Patriotic    762 

Societies.   Presbyterian   ....349 
Societies.     State,     in     Chi- 
cago     941 

Society  of  War  of  1812. ...766 

Soldiers'   Homes   416 

Soldiers.  Tablet  to.  A.  E.  F.935 
Sons    of   America.    Order... 362 
Sons  of  American  Revolu- 
tion     765 

Sons  of  Revolution  765 

Sons  of  St.  George  362 

Sons  of  Veterans  763 

Sorghums  Grain,    Crop    by 

States   186 

Sorghum     Sirup     Produced 

(1918)    186 

South  Africa.  Gov't  of 781 

South     Carolina.      Popula- 
tion   335 

South   Carolina.    State   Of- 
ficers    335 

South  Carolina,  Vote  of.... 335 
South   Dakota.   Population.335 
South    Dakota.     State    Of- 
ficers    336 

South  Dakota.   Vote  of.... 335 

South    Parks,    Chicago 929. 

Soviet  Rule  in  Russia 721 

Spain,   Government  of 786 

Spanish-American  War,  Or- 
der of  764 

Spanish  War  Veterans 763 

Spartacan  Revolt  726 

Speakers  of  House  413 

Specific  Gravity.  Table 123 

Spirits  Produced  in  U.  S..741 
Spiritualists'.  National, 

Association  252 

Sporting  Records   420 

Springfield.  111.,  Population839 


12 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


Stamp  Taxes  74 

Standard    Steel    Car    Com- 
pany   Strike    753 

Standard  Time  Zones 33 

Stars,   Brightest    29 

Stars.  Numoer  of  760 

State  Department    384 

State  Fair,  Manager,  111... 833 

State  Mottoes  131 

State  Nicknames  and  Flow- 
ers    131 

State  Park.  Illinois  819 

State  Prisons    248 

State  School  Systems. 237.  238 
State  Societies  in  Chicago.. 941 
State's  Attorney  Elections. 864 
State's  Attorney,  Vote  for. 

Cook   County    864 

State's   Attorneys    of   Cook 

County   946 

State's  Attorneys.   Ill 837 

State's     Attorney's     Office. 

Cook  County  867 

States.  Historical  Data  413 

Statistics,  Bu.  of,  Chicago.. 885 
Steamers,  Am..  Oil  Burning.807 
Steamship  Disasters,  Great.777 
Steamships,  Great.  Ocean.. 171 

tteel  Crude,  Production.... 212 
teel  Output.  World's 228 

Steel  Strike    753 

Storms   and  Floods    469 

Street  Lighting.   Chicago... 890 
Street  Number  Guide,  Chi- 
cago    976 

Street  Railway  Chronology. 

Chicago    735 

Street    'Railway     Earnings, 
Chicago    950 

ttreet  Railway  Franchise.. 735 
treets.     Bureau    of,     Chi- 
cago    883 

Strikes.   Labor    (1919) 753 

Structures,  Height,  Famous. 178 

Submarine  Bases,  U.  S 497 

Subtreasury.  U.  S.,  Ohicago88G 
Suffrage   Amendment   Rati- 
fied.   Illinois    830 

Suffrage   Amendment   Rati- 
fied. North  Dakota 750 

Suffrage   Amendment   Rati- 
fied.   South   Dakota 750 

Suffrage,  in  Foreign  Coun- 
tries     800 

Suffrage,  Qualifications  for.406 

Suffrage  States   < 800 

Suffrage.  Woman  799 

Sugar  Beet  Production 188 

Sugar  Cane,  Louisiana  ....188 
Sugar  Crop,  by  Countries..  183 

Sugar,  Trade  in   190 

Sun.  Facts  About  28 

Sunday  Schools 357 

Sunday  School  Union.  Am.352 
Superior  Court.  Cook  Co.. 875 

Superstitions.   Modern   303 

Supervising  Engineers,  Chi- 
cago     883 

Supplies,     Department     of. 

Chicago 884 

Supreme    Court    389 

Supreme  Court.  Illinois. ...832 
Surveyor.  Cook  County — 868 
Sweden,  Government  of. ...786 

Swine,  on  Farms  189 

Swimming   443 

Switzerland    Gov't  of 786 

Symbols  of  Months 131 


Tablet  to  A.  E.  F..  Chicago. 9°-5 
Tariff  Commission.   U.  S...388 
Tariff  Legislation   Since 
1884   ..  137 


Tax  on  Admissions.  Dues..   67 

Tax  on  Beverages 59 

Tax  on  Cigars.  Tobacco...  65 
Tax  Commission  Assess- 
ments,  Illinois 812 

Tax  on  Corporations 44 

Tax.  Estate 55 

Tax-Free  vs.  Taxable 

Bonds   744 

Tax,    Insurance    57 

Tax    Rates,    Chicago 984 

Tax,  Transportation 57 

Tax,  War,  Excess  Profits..  50 
Taxation.  Rates.  Illinois 

Law    829 

Taxes,   Excise  68 

Taxes.  Income  36 

Taxes,   Special  70 

Taxes,  Stamp 74 

Taxicab  Fares,   Chicago ...  893 

Tea  Consumed  235 

Tea,   Trade  in    190 

Teachers  in  United  States.. 237 
Teachers'    Federation.    Chi- 
cago   935 

Teachers'  Relief  Society... 935 
Teachers'  Salaries,  Chicago. 911 
Teachers'  Societies,  Chicago.935 
Telegraph  Lines.  Return  of  .759 
Telegraph  Statistics.  Na- 
tional   166 

Telegraph  Statistics,  U.  S.167 
Te'egraphs,  Telephones, 

Austrian  Treaty   on 672 

Telegraphs.  World's  175 

Telephone  Statistics,  U.  S.I 68 

Telescopes,  Largest  106 

Tennessee,  Population    336 

Tennessee,  State  Officers... 337 

Tennessee.  Vote  of 336 

Tennis   431 

Territories,  Historical  Dat  413 
Territory  Transferred,  Aus- 
trian Treaty  on 665 

Texas,   Population    337 

Texas.    State  Officers 339 

Texas,   Vote   of 337 

Theater  Fires,    Panics 248 

Theaters,  Chicago  938 

Thermometers   Compared.  .124 

Time.  Areas  of 15 

Time,   Difference  in 35 

Time.  Foreign  Standards...  35 
Time  and  Stand. rds  of....  33 

Tires,  Width  Required 734 

Titles.  Abbreviations    129 

Titles.   Land,    Torrens    Sys- 
tem    868,974 

Tobacco    Crop,    by    Coun- 
tries     182 

Tobacco  Crop,  by  States... 185 
Tobacco  Crop,  by  Years...  187 

Tobacco,  Tax  on 65 

Tobacco,    Unmanufactured, 

Trade  in  190 

Tonnage     254 

Tonnage  in  Foreign  Trade. 3 65 

Tornado,  Fergus  Falls 777 

Torpedo  Stations  497 

Torrens    System    Land 

Titles     868,974 

Townley,  A.  C..  Convicted. 74  ! 
Traction  Strike,  Chicr-go. .  .753 
Trade.  Commerce.  Dept.  111.834 
Trade    Commissioners.    Po- 
land   398 

Trade   Conference,    Interna- 
tional     761 

Trade  Marks,  Registration  of  15  . 
Train-Automobile  €ollisions470 
Training  Stations.  Naval.  .49G 
Transcontinental  Airplane 

Raca    548 

Transport,    International, 
Austrian    Treaty    670 


Transportation  of  Troops.. 538 

Transportation,  Tax 67 

Trapshooting    446 

Treasurer,  Chicago   882 

Treasurer.  City.   Vote  for.. 857 
Treasurer,  Cook  County.... 867 

Treasurers.  Chicago  921 

Treasurers,    County.    111.... 837 

Treasury  Department   384 

Treasury,  Secretary  of.  Re- 
signs     750 

Treaties,  Austrian   Treaty 

on  653 

Treaties.  German  Treaty  on593 

Troop  Sailings 505 

Troops  in   U.    S.   Wars 746 

Trucks.  Motor  Cars,  in  U.  S.495 

Tunis,  Government  of 788 

.  Tunnels.    Chicago    802 

I  Tunnels.    Railway,   Long. . .  123 
Turkey,  Austrian    Treaty 

on    633 

Turkey,   German  Treaty  on. 573 

Turkey,   Government  of 787 

Turpentine,  Trade  in 190 


Ukrainia,   Government  of.. 787 
Underwriters'  Library.  Chi- 
cago   928 

Uniform,   Retention  of 95 

Union     Ex-Prisoners,      Na- 
tional Association  of 764 

Unitarian    Church    349 

United  Charities,  Chicago.. 751 
United  States,   Accessions.  .213 

United  States,  Area  of 212 

United  States  Army 475 

United  States  Dirigible  C-5, 

Loss   of .....112 

United  States  Enters   War.  501 
United    States   Fleets.    Sta- 
tions      496 

U.    S.   Military  Academy... 494 

U.  S.  Naval  Academy 494 

United  States,  Progress  of  163 
United  States  Wars,  Troops 

in    748 

Universal     Military    Train- 
ing   League     767 

Universalist  Church,  Y.  P. 

C.    U 351 

Universities,  American.240-246 
Universities    Foreign,     Stu- 
dents      239 

Urban    Population 205,211 

Urban,    Rural   Illiteracy.  ...216 
Uruguay,  Commission  Gov- 
ernment in 724 

Uruguay,   Government   of.. 789 

Utah,  Population    339 

Utah,   State    Officers 339 

Utah,   Vote    of 339 

Utilities    Commission,    Illi- 
nois Public    834 


Venezuela,  Government  of. 789 

Vermont,  Population  339 

Vermont,  State     Officers... 340 

Vermont,  Vote    of 339 

Vessels,    American    Mer- 
chant,    Sunk 538 

Vessels  Built  in  U.  S 174 

Vessels  in  Navy 499 

Veterinarian,    Chief.    111.... 832 
Vicksburg   Statue   Commis- 
sion    835 

Victory  Liberty  Loan  Act.    91 

Victory  Loan    532 

Victory  Parades    720 

Virgin   Islands 792 

Virginia  Library,  Chicago.. 928 
Virginia,  Population    340 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


13 


Virginia,   State  Officers 341 

Virginia,   Vote    of 340 

Visibility  Objects  on  Lakes.921 
Vocational  Education.  Fed- 
eral  Board    388 

Vocational  Education,    Illi- 
nois   Law    817 

Voluntary  Enlistments 96 

Volunteers    of    America 352 

Vote  for  City  Clerk 857 

Vote,  Electoral,   by   States. 382 

Vote   for   Judges 858.    860 

Vote    for    Mayor    by    Pre- 
cincts     848 

Vote  for  Mayor  by  Wards.. 847 
Vote,  Popular,  of  Illinois.  .863 
Vote,  Presidential  (1916). 304 
Voto.  Presidential,  Chicago, 

Cook     County 864 

Vote  on  Propositions.. 859.  860 
Voters,     Registration.    Chi- 
cago      845 

Voting  Age,   Men    of 203 

Voting  Age.  Women  of.... 204 

W 

Wages  of  Farm  Labor 195 

Wages,    Tables    of 126 

War    Contracts.    Validation 

of  87 

War  Department    384 

War  Expense.  American.... 533 

War.   the  Great  501 

Air  Squadrons  513 

Airplanes    511 

Allied  Offensives    516 

Americans  in  Battle 514 

Armies.  Front  Line 525 

Armies.   Western  Front.. 530 

Army    of    Occupation 536 

Army,   Sources     503 

Army,   Statistics    502 

Army.  Strength  531 

Army    Supply    Service .  . .  508 

Artillery     510 

Austrian  Peace  Treaty 

Signed    501 

Aviation  Aces  535 

Aviation  Losses   536 

Balloons    512 

Battles,  Americans  in. ..  .514 
British  Guards.  Reco.d..528 
Camps  and  Cantonments. 505 

Cargo  Movement   507 

Casualties    519 

Casualties.  American  .  .  .537 
Chronology.  General. 539-547 

Clothing   507 

Cost,    Carnegie    Report... 681 

Cost.   Cash   501 

Deaths  in  Battle 519-521 

Declaration  of  War 501 

Demobilization  of  Army. 528 

Disease.  Control  of 521 

Duration  of  War 524 

Equipment   507 

Expenditures,  War 522 

Expenses,    War.    All    Na- 
tions     523 

Food    507 

Gases,  Poison '•»!! 

German  Fleet  Scuttled..   537 

German  Offensives    5? 5 

German  Peace  Treaty 

Signed    501 

German  Prisoners   519 

Health    519 

Honored  by  Congress ....  526 

Hospitals    522 

Knights      of      Columbus, 

War  Activities    531 

Liberty  Loans 532 

Machine  Guns 509 

Merchant  Vessels  Sunk.  .538 


Meuse-Argonne,  Battle  of  .517 

National  Army    504 

National    Guard    50^ 

Nations  Involved 50 J 

Naval  Vessels  Lost  in  War537 
Officers  Honored  by  Con- 
gress     526 

Ordnance.   Production   ...524 

Paris  Bombarded   538 

Peace  Conference  Begins. 501 
Pershing.  Gen..  Honors 

for    525 

Physical  Ex.  Drafted  MenSO-; 

Prisoners,  German 5  If 

Red  Cross  Work 527 

Rifles  and  Machine  Guns.508 

St.  Mihiel.  Battle  of 517 

Severance    of    Diplomatic 

Relations    501 

Surrender  Dates 501 

Tanks,  Tractors 511 

Telephone,  Telegraph 

Lines   50 

Training  Troops    .  .502 

Transportation  of  Army .  505 
Transportation  of  Troops53£ 
Troops,  Am.,  in  Germany53f 

U.  S.  Army  Strength 502 

U.  S.  Enters  War 501 

Victory  Loan  532 

War  Loans.  Details  of 533 

Y.  M.  C    A.  War  Work.. 529 

War  Loans.  Details  of 533 

War  Profits.  Tax  50 

War  Risk  Insurance... 263-266 
Ward  Boundaries.  Chicago. 

942.   943 

Wards  and  Aldermen,   Chi- 
cago   976 

Wards.  Fifty.  Vote  on 860 

Wars.    Chronology    of    Re- 
cent     547 

Water,  Bureau  of.  Chicago. 883 
Water  Resource  Advisers. 

Illinois     833 

Waterfalls,    Famous    165 

Waterway.  Illinois  816 

Waterways,  Austrian 

Treaty  on   667 

Waterways.  German  Treaty 

on  606 

Waterworks     System.    Chi- 
cago   801 

Washington.  Population  ..341 
Washington.  State  Officers. 341 

Washington,    Vote   of 341 

Washington's  Farewell  Ad- 
dress     376 

Wealth.  National,  U.  S 176 

Wealth  of  Nations 178 

Wealth,  by  States  177 

Weather  Bureau,  Chicago... 8 SO 

Weather.    Chicago 901 

Weather  Forecasts.  Signals.118 
Wedding  Anniversaries  ...124 
Weights  of  Adults.  Normal.180 

Weights.  Bushel  123 

Weights       and       Measures, 

Department  of.  Chicago.. 886 
Weights  and  Measures.  111.807 
Weights,  Measures,  in  U.  S.120 
Welfare  Commissioners.  HI. 833 

West  Chicago  Parks   931 

West   Point   Academy    494 

West  Virginia.  Population.. 341 
West    Virginia,    State    Of- 
ficers   342 

West  Virginia.  Vote  of 341 

Western  Economic  S9ciety.924 
Western  Engineers'  Library. 

Chicago    928 

Western    Society    olf    Engi- 
neers    924 

Western  Union  Statistics.. 168 
Wet  or  Dry  Chicago,  Vote.859 


Wheat  Crop,  by  Countries..  181 

Wheat  Crop,  by  States  183 

Wheat  Crop,   by  Years 187 

Wheat  Flour.  Trade  in 190 

Wheat  Harvest  Calendar... 4Y4 
Wheat.  Price  Guaranties...   *4 

Wheat.   Trade   in 190 

Wilson.  WoodroTv,  Address- 
es.  Notes,    Speeches — 
Conference   of   Governors 

and    Mayors    289 

Cost  of  Living 143 

"Fourteen  Points" 682 

Messages  to  Congress.378,737 

In  Europe— Arrival 267 

At   Sorbonne   268 

To   American   Army. ...268 

In   Chaumont    269 

Visit  to  England— 
At  Buckingham  Palace.272 

At  Mansion    House 273 

In    Manchester 274 

Visit  to  Italy— 
In  Italian  Parliament.. 277 

At  Quirinal     278 

At  Roman  Capitol 279 

At     Academy     of     the 

Lincei   279 

In  Genoa  280 

In  Milan    280 

In  Turin    282 

In  France — 
Before  French  Senate.  .284 

To  French  Women 284 

In  French   Chamber  of 

Deputies     285 

"Miracles    Wrought    by 

War."   286 

Message  to  French  Peo- 
ple " 286 

Visit  to  America— 
In  Mechanics'  Hall, 

Boston   287 

In   Metropolitan   Opera 

House    290 

"Spirit  of  America"... 293 
"America  for  Justice". 294 

At    Pessoa   Dinner 294 

Back  in  France — 
Memorial  Day  Address.. 295 
Memorial   Day  Cable... 295 

In    Charleroi 297 

At   Poincare  Dinner 298 

Farewell   Statement 299 

Message  to  Americans.. 299 
Return  Home- 
To     Troops    on    Board 

Ship    299 

In  Carnegie   Hall 301 

During    Tour    to    Defend 

Treaty — 
Keynote    Speech    of 

Trip    698 

"War  Could  Have  Been 

Prevented"    702 

"Article  X.  Explained"  .702 
"Opposition  Illogical".  .704 
"Essential  Object  of 

Treaty"   705 

"Provides  for  Disarma- 
ment"    705 

"Meaning     of     Revolu- 
tion"     706 

"About   Reservations.". 706 
"Pro  -  Germanism      Re- 
vives"      707 

"To    Minnesota    Legis- 
lators"    707 

"Mediators    of    Man- 
kind"     708 

"Ten    Points    of    Cove- 
nant"     708 

"More  About  ArticleX."  709 
"Chaos  in  Russia"  709 


ALMANAC   AN1>   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


"Police      Strikes     Con- 
demned"    709 

"Ashamed    of    Race 

Riots"    709 

"Powers      Not      Taken 

from  Congress"   709 

"Cost   of    the   War".... 710 
"New    World    Partner- 
ship"     710 

"Replies  to  Labor 

Council"    710 

"Explanatory    Replies". 710 
"Freedom  of  the  Seas"711 

"Wilson  in  Europe 267-303 

Chronology    of    European 

Journey    302 

Gifts  Received  in  Europe.302 

Wilson.  Illness  of 793 

Questioned     by     Senators 

About  Treaty   697 

Tour  in  Defense  of  Treaty.698 


Wines,  Liquors  Consumed.  .368 

Winnipeg-  Strike   7o2 

Wisconsin,  Population    ....342 
Wisconsin,  State  Officers... 343 

Wisconsin,  Vote    of 342 

Woman   Suffrage    799 

Woman  Suffrage    States.. ..800 
Woman's  Party  Platform.. 798 

Woman's   Relief   Corps 763 

Women,  Congress  of  Work- 
ing-   681 

Women  of   Voting-   Age.... 204 

Wood  Pulp,   Trade  in 190 

Wood.    Sir    Evelyn    W.. 

Death    750 

Woodmen,  Modern   361 

Woodmen  of   World 360 

Wool    (1917)    188 

Wool,   Trade   in ...190 

Workmen.  United  Order.... 361 
World,  Fast  Trips  Around. 403 


World,  Money  156 

Wond  Population     212 

World  War,    Chronol- 
ogy     ..539-547 

Wrestling-   461 

Wyoming-,  Population   343 

Wyoming-,   State    Officers... 343 
Wyoming-,  Vote  of 343 


Yachting-    438 

Yale  Club  of  Chicago 736 

Y.  M.  C.  A.,  the   351 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  War    Work.. .629 
Y.  P.  C.  U..  Universalist..351 


Zodiac,   Signs  of 31 

Zoning  Law  for  Cities,  111.. 824 
Zoological  Gardens  741 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISEMENTS. 


Abstracts.   Torreng   974-975 

Advertising.  Mail:    Buckley,  Dement  &  Co.  953 
Advertising.   Outdoor:     Thos.  Cusack  Co.. 

Opposite  Inside  Back  Cover 

Albaugh-Dover  Co 971 

Alfred  L.  Baker  &  Co 951 

Arnold  Company,  The    971 

Baker.    Alfred   L..    &   Co 951 

Banking:    Central  Trust  Company  of  Illi- 
nois     Inside   Back  Flyleaf 

Banking:    Des   Plaines   State   Bank 940 

Banking:  George  H.  Burr  &  Co 949 

Banking:     The    Corn    Exchange    National 

Bank   Inside  Back  Cover 

Banking:    The  Merchants  Loan  and  Trust 

Company Outside  Back  Cover 

Barnhart  Brothers  &  Spindler 995 

Baseball  Park:    Comiskey  985 

Becker.  A.  G.,  &  Co 949 

Benjamin  Electric  Mfg.  Co 971 

Bingham's   Son.   Sam'l,   Mfg.   Co 963 

Blatchford,    E.    W..    Company 961 

Brunswick  Phonograph  Shop    955 

Buckley,   Dement   &  Co 953 

Burr.    Geo.    H..    &   Co 949 

Castings,  Light  Gray:     The  Western  Foun- 
dry  Company    969 

Castings:     The    National   Malleable    Cast- 
ings  Company    993 

Central  Trust  Company  of  Illinois 

Inside    Back    Flyleaf 

Certificates.    Land.    Torrens 974-975  j 

Chicago  Daily   News Opposite  Title  Pag-e 

Chicago     Elevated     Railroads 977-978  I 

Chicago.  North  Shore  &  Milwaukee  R.  R.  970  I 

Chicago    Surface   Lines    987-991 

Chicago  Telephone  Company 957,981-983  ' 

Clement.  Curtis  &  Co 951 

Comiskey    Baseball   Park    985 

Commercial  Paper:     A.  G.  Becker  &  Co...  949 
Commercial  Paper:    Geo.  H.  Burr  &  Co....   949 

Commonwealth  Edison  Company 973 

Corn    Exchange    National    Bank 

Inside  Back  Cover 

Cusack.    Thos..   Co Opposite  Back   Cover 

Des  Plaines  State  Bank   .    949 

Eckhart.    B.    A..    Milling   Co 997 

Eclipse  Printing  Co 965 

Electrical    Specialties:     Benjamin    Electric 

Mfg.  Co 971 

Electrical        Supplies:         Commonwealth 

Edison   Co .    973 

Elevated    Railroads.    Chicago 977-978 

Elmes.  Charles  F.,  Engineering  Works 993 

Engineering:     Charles   F.    Elmes 993 

Engineering:  The  Arnold  Company 971 

Foundry    Company.    Western 969 

Gear  Cutters:  Albaugh-Dover  Company      -    971 


George  H.  Burr  &  Co .*..... 949 

Grain:  J.  Rosenbaum  Grain  Company 9ol 

Heating.  Ventilating :  Phillips-Getschow  Co  965 
Illinois  Life  Insurance  Co. Opposite  First  Cover 
Insurance :  Illinois  Life  Ins.  Co .  Op.  First  Cover 
Insurance :  Marsh  &  McLennan 

Inside  Front  Cover 

Land  Certificates.  Torrens 974,  975 

Marsh  &  McLennan Inside  Front  Cover 

Mendelson  Bros.  Paper  Stock  Company...  967 
Merchandise,  General:  Samuel  Phillipson 

&  Co 997 

Merchants  Loan  and  Trust  Company 

Outside  Back  Cove* 

Metals.  Stereotype.  Etc.:  E.  W.  Blatchford 

Company     961 

Milling:  B.  A.  Eckhart  Milling  Company..   997 

Milwaukee  Electric  R.  R 979 

Mobiloils:  Vacuum  Oil  Company 965 

Motor  Trucks:  Republic  Truck  Company..   959 

National  Malleable  Castings  Company 903 

Newspaper:  Chicago  Daily  News 

Opposite  Title  Page 

Paper  Mill  Supplies:  Mendelson  Bros.  Pa- 
per Stock  Co 967 

Phillips-Getschow     Co 965 

Phillipson  &  Co..    Samuel 997 

Phonographs :  Brunswick  Phonograph  Shop  955 
Printers  and  Binders:  Eclipse  Printing  Co.  965 
Printers'  Rollers,  Sam'l  Bingham's  Son 

Mfg.  Co 963 

Printing:  Regan  Printing  House 995 

Regan  Printing  House 995 

Registering  of  Titles:  Torrens  System.  .974-975 

Republic  Truck  Company 959 

Rosenbaum.  J..  Grain  Company 951 

Russell.   Brewster  &  Co 951 

Sam'l  Bingham's  Son  Mfg.  Co 963 

Samuel  Phillipson  &  Co 997 

Sharp  &  Smith 973 

Stereotype  Metals:  E.  W.  Blatchford  &  Co. .961 
Stocks  &  Bonds:  Russell.  Brewster  &  Co.  951 
Stocks.  Bonds.  Grain:  Alfred  L.  Baker  & 

Co 951 

Stocks,    Bonds.    Grain.    Cotton:    Clement, 

Curtis  &  Co 951 

Street  Railways:    Chicago  Surface  Lines.987-991 

Surgical  Instruments:  Sharp  &  Smith 973 

Teaming:  A.  T.  Willett  Company 969 

Telephone  Service:  Chicago  Telephone  Com- 
pany     957.   981-983 

Thos.    Cusack   Co Opposite    Back    Cover 

Titles.  Torrens  Land 974.  975 

Torrens  System  974-975 

Type:     Barnhart    Brothers    &    Spindler —   995 

Vacuum  Oil  Company 965 

Western  Foundry  Company 969 

Willett.  A.  T.,  Company 969 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK 
FOR*  1 920 


Astronomical  calculations  for  1920— By  B.  Hart  Wrigrht,  DeLand,  Fla. 


The  calculations  in  each  of  the  geographical 
divisions  of  each  calendar  page  will  apply  with 
sufficient  accuracy  to  all  places  in  contiguous 
zones  indicated  by  the  heading-  of  the  divisions. 

All  the  calculations  in  this  Almanac  and 
Year-Book  are  based  upon  mean  or  clock  time 


unless  otherwise  stated.  The  sun's  rising1  and 
setting  are  for  the  upper  limb,  corrected  for 
"parallax  and  refraction."  The  figures  given 
are  for  the  moon's  center  on  a  true  horizon 
such  as  the  ocean  affords. 


BEGINNING   AND    LENGTH   OF   SEASONS. 


D.  H.M. 


Eastern        Central 
time.  time. 

4:27  p.m.     3:27  p.m.  1919  Winter  begins  and  lasts. 

4:59p.m.     3:59p.m.  1920  Spring  begins  and  lasts 921941 

Gemini  June  21..   0  :40  p.m.  11:40  a.m.  1920  Summer  begins  and  lasts 931449 

Virgo     Sept. 23..   3:29a.m.     2:29  a.m.  1920  .Autumn  begins_and  lasts 891848 


Sun  enters :  Constel- 
Bign.  Long,  lation.      Date. 
Capri.  270°   Sagit.     Dec.  22 
Aries       0°    Pisces    Mch.20 
Cancer  90 
Libra  180 


Capri. 270°   Sagit.    Dec.  21.. 10:17  p.m.     9 :17  p.m.  1920  Winter  begins.  Tropical  year.  365    660 


ERAS  OF  TIME. 


The  Gregorian  year  1920  corresponds  to  the 
following  eras: 

The  latter  part  of  the  144th  and  the  begin- 
ning of  the  145th  year  of  the  independence 
of  the  United  States. 

The  year  1338-39  of  the  Mohammedan  era; 
the  year  1339  begins  Sept.  14. 

The  year  4617  (nearly)  of  the  Chinese  era, 
beginning  now,  Jan.  1. 

The  year  2232  of  the  Grecian  era. 

rhe  year  5680-81  of  the  Jewish  era:  the 
year  5681  begins  at  sunset  Sept.  12. 

The  year  7428-29  of  the  Byzantine  era,  be- 
ginning Sept.  1. 


The  year  2580  of  the  Japanese  era. 

The  year  6633  of  the  Julian  period,  and  Jan. 
1  ia  the  2,422,325th  day  since  the  beginning1 
of  the  Julian  period. 

CHRONOLOGICAL   CYCLES. 

Dominical  or  Sunday  letters D.  C. 

Epact  of  moon's  age.  Jan.  1 10 

Lunar  cycle  or  golden  number 2 

Solar    cycle 6 

Roman  indietion 3 

Dionysian  period 249 

Jewish  lunar  cycle 18 

Julian  period 6633 


CHURCH    CALENDAR    FOR    1920. 


Jan.   1—  New  Year's  day    (Cir- 

cumcision) . 

Jan.  6—  Epiphany    (12th  day). 
Jan.    14  —  Greek   Church   New 

Year's  day. 
Jan.    25  —  Conversion    of    St. 

Paul. 

Feb.  1—  Septuagesima  Sunday. 
Feb.  2—  Purification  B.  V.  M. 
Feb.  8  —  Sexagesima  Sunday. 
Feb.    15—  Quinquagesima    Sun- 

day. 

Feb.  17—  Shrove  Tuesday. 
Feb.  18—  Ash  Wednesday  (Lent 

begins)  . 

Feb.  22  —  Quadragesima  Sunday. 
Feb.  24—  St.  Matthias. 
March  14—  Mid-Lent  Sunday. 
March  17—  St.  Patrick's  day. 
March  25—  Annunciation  (Lady 


day). 
March  28—  Palm  Sunday. 


"Wednesday, 
Friday 

and 
Saturday 


April  2—  Good  Friday. 
April  4—  Easter  Sunday. 
April  11  —  Low  Sunday. 
April  23—  St.  George. 
April  25—  St.  Mark. 
May  1  —  Philip  and  James. 
May  9—  Rogation  Sunday. 
May  13  —  A  scension    (Holy 

Thursday). 
May  23  —  Pentecost    (Whitsun- 

day). 

May  30—  Trinity  Sunday. 
June  3  —  Corpus  Christi. 
June  24—  Nativity  of  John  the 

Baptist. 

June  29—  Peter  and  Paul. 
July  15—  St.  Swithin's  day. 
July  22  —  Mary  Magdalen. 
July  25—  St.  James. 
Aug.  6  —  Transfiguration. 
Aug.  7  —  Name  of  Jesus. 


Aug.  15—  Feast  of  Assumption 
B.  V.  M. 

EMBER  DAYS. 
ist  Sunday  in  Lent  ....................... 


Dec.   13 


Aug.  24— St.  Bartholomew. 
Aug.  29— St.  John  the  Baptist. 
Sept.     8— Nativity    of    Mary. 
Sept.    13— Jewish    New    Year's 

day. 
Sept.  14  —  Exaltation  of  Holy 

Cross. 

Sept.  21— St.  Matthew. 
Sept.  29— Michaelmas. 
Oct.  18— St.  Luke. 
Oct.  28 — Simon  and  Jude. 
Oct.  31— Halloween. 
Nov.  1— All  Saints'  day. 
Nov.  2— All  Souls'  day. 
Nov.  11 — Martinmas. 
Nov.  25 — Thanksgiving  day. 
Nov.  28 — 1st  Sunday  in  Advent. 
Nov.  30— St.  Andrew. 
Dec.  8— Conception  B.  V.  M. 
Dec.  21— St.  Thomas. 
Dec.  25— Christmas. 
Dec.  27— St.  John  the  Evangelist. 
Dec.  28— Holy  Innocents. 


Feb.  25.  27  and  28 

May   26,  28  and  29 

...Sept.   15,   17  and  18 
Dec.   15.   17  and  18 


15 


16 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


JEWISH    OR    HEBREW   CALENDAR.  YEAR    5680-81    A.    M. 

The  year  5680  is  the  18th  of  the  299th  cycle  of  19  years. 

-Month v 

No.       Name.         Day.        Fast  or  festival. 


Year. 
6680.. 
6680. 
6680., 


6680., 
6680., 
6680.. 
6680.. 


10. .Fast  of  Tebet Thursday.  Jan.  1,  1920 

L.Rosh-Chodesh   Wednesday.  Jan.  21.  1920 

L.Rosh-Chodesh   Thursday-Friday,  Feb.  19-20,  1920 

13.. Fast  of  Esther Wednesday,  March  3,  1920 

...  14-15.. Purim    Thursday-Friday,  March  4-5,  1920 

L.Rosh-Chcdesh  Saturday,  March  20,  1920 

15.. 1st  day  of  Passover Saturday,  April  3.  1920 

L.Rosh-Chodesh   Sunday-Monday.  April  18-19.  1920 

18.. Lag  B'Omer Thursday.  May  6,  1920 

18.  .33d  day  of  Omer Thursday.  May  6,  1920 

L.Rosh-Chodesh   Thursday.  May  18.  1920 

.   6.. 1st  day  of  Pentecost Sunday,  May  23,  1920 

.   L.Rosh-Chodesh    Wednesday-Thursday.  June  16-17,  1920 

.17. .Fast  of  Tammuz 'Saturday,  July  3,  1920 

.   L.Rosh-Chodesh    Friday,  July  16,  1920 

6680....11..AV   9.. Fast  of  Av ,      ... 'Saturday.  July  24. 


4.. Tebet 

.   6..Sh'vat 

.   6..Adar  . 

.    6..Adar  . 

.    6..Adar  . 

.   7.. Nissan  . 

.   7.. Nissan  . 

.  8..Iyar 

.   8..Iyar  .... 

.   8..Iyar  .... 

.   9..Sivan  ... 

.    9..Sivan  ... 

.10.. Tammuz 

6680 10.  .Tammuz 

6680...  .11..  Av 


5680., 
5680. 


6680....12..Ellul 
6681... 


1920 

-..raiiu  L.Rosh-Chodesh   Saturday-Sunday.  Aug.  14-15.  1920 

L.Tishri  L.lst  day  of  New  Year tMonday,  Sept.  13.  1920 


3.. Fast  of  Gedaliah Wednesday.  Sept.  15, 

.10..Yom-Kippur    Wednesday.  Sept.  22, 

.15. .1st  day  of  Tabernacles Monday.  Sept.  27, 

.2L.Hoshannah-Rabbah   Sunday.  Oct.  3. 

.22..Sh'mini  Atseres Monday.  Oct.  4, 

.23.  .Simchas-Torah Tuesday.  Oct.  5. 

.   L.Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday-Wednesday.  Oct.  12-13. 

.    L.Rosh-Chodesh    Thursday-Friday.  Nov.  11-12. 

681....  3..Kislev 25..  1st  day  of  Chanukah Monday.  Dec.  6. 

681....  4. .Tebet L.Rosh-Chodesh  Saturday-Sunday.  Dec.  11-12. 

6681... .  4.. Tebet  10.. Fast  of  Tebet. ..  Tuesday.  Dec.  21. 

•Observed  the  following  day.     fBegins  at  sunset  Sept.  12. 


1920 
1920 
1920 
1920 
1920 
1920 
1920 
1920 
1920 
1920 
1920 


GREEK   CHURCH  OR   RUSSIAN   CALENDAR.   A.   D.   1920,  A.  M.  8029. 


New  style.       Holy  days. 


Old  style. 


.  . 

Jan.      7—  Christmas    ..............  Dec.  25.  1919 

Jan.  14  —  Circumcision  ..............  Jan  1  1920 

Jan.  19—  Epiphany  (Theophany)  ..........  Jan.  6 

weK'   i-~  Carnival    Sunday  ...............  Jan.  26 

Feb.   15—  Hypopante    (  Purification)  .......  Feb.  2 

Feb.  18—  Ash    Wednesday  ..........        ...Feb  5 

Feb.  22—  1st  Sunday  in  Lent  ............  Feb.'  9 

Mar.  28—  Palm  Sunday  ................  March  15 

April    2—  Great   (Good)   Friday  ........  March  20 

April   4—  Holy  Pasche   (Easter)  .......  March  22 

May     6—  St.   George  ....................  April  23 

May  13—  Ascension  (Holy)  Thr  ........  April  30 


New  style.       Holy  days. 


Old  style. 


. 
May  23—  Pentecost  .....................  May  10 

June  12—  Holy   Ghost  ....................  May  30 

July  12—  Peter  and  Paul.  Chief  Apostles.  June  29 
Aug.  19  —  Transfiguration  .................  Aug.  6 

Aug.  28—  Repose  of  Theotokos  ..........  Aug.  15 

Sept.  21—  Nativity  of  Theotokos  .........  Sept.  8 

Sept.  27—  Exaltation  of  Theotokos  ......  Sept.  14 

Oct.    14  —  Patronage  of  Theotokos  .........  Oct.  1 

Nov.  28—  1st  day  of  Nativity  ............  Nov.  15 

Dec.     4  —  Entrance  of  Theotokos  ........  Nov.  21 

Dec.  22—  Conception  of  Theotokos  ........  Dec.  9 


The  year 


1338. 


I 


MOHAMMEDAN    CALENDAR,    YEAR    1338-39. 

8th  year  of  the  4! 

Begins.         „«.,  „. 

,     I Jan.  21 30 

.  .Jomhadi  II Feb.  20 29 

..Rajeb March  20 30 

..Sheban  April  19 29 

..Ramadan  (Fasting)  .May  18 30 

..Schawall June  17 29 

.  .Dulkaeda July  16 30 

THE  PLANETS. 


cle  of  30  years,  being  a  lea] 
,  Month  N 
Year.    No.        Name. 
1338..12..Dulheggia  
1339..   L.Mulharrem     .... 
1339..   2..Saphar     ........ 
1339..   3..Rabia     I  
1339..   4..Rabia     II  
1339..  5..Jomhadi  I... 

Pyear  of  355  days. 
Lasts. 
Begins.         days. 
....Aug.    15  30 
...Sept.   14  30 
...Oct.  14  29 
....Nov.  12  30 
....Dec.  12  29 
Jan.  10.  1921.30 

Morning  stars— Mercury.  April  15-20  and 
Nov.  25-Dec.  5.  rising  about  1  hour  15  min- 
utes before  the  sun:  Verms.  until  July  3; 
Mars,  until  Jan.  14:  Jupiter,  from  Aug.  22  to 
Dec.  10:  Saturn,  from  Sept.  8  to  Dec.  16 

Evening  stars— Mercury,  Feb.  20-March  2  and 
Oct.  25-Nov  2.  setting  about  1  hour  15  min- 
utes after  the  sun:  Venus,  after  July  3;  Mars, 
after  Jan.  14;  Jupiter,  until  Aug.  22  and  after 
Dec.  10;  Saturn,  until  Sept.  8  and  after 
Dec.  16. 

All-night  stars  or  planets— Mars  in  April, 
Jupiter  the  latter  part  of  January  and  the 
first  part  of  February,  and  Saturn  in  Febru- 
ary and  March. 

Brightest  or  best  seen— Venus  at  the  begin- 
ning and  end  of  the  year,  but  then  not  at  her 
best:  Mars  in  April:  Jupiter  in  February: 
Saturn  the  latter  part  of  February  and  first 
part  of  March:  Uranus  the  last  of  August. 
and  Neptune  the  last  of  January. 

Invisible  or  very  dim— Mercury,   always  ex- 


cept within  the  time  limits  given,  when 
an  evening  or  morning  star;  Venus.  July  1-8: 
Mars,  not  this  year;  Jupiter,  Aug.  15-30,  and 
Saturn.  Sept.  1-10. 

Dim  or  faintly  visible — Venus.  June.  July  and 
August:  Mars,  not  this  year:  Jupiter,  July. 
August  and  September:  Saturn,  August.  Sep- 
tember and  October:  Uranus  and  Neptune, 
always. 

HUNTER'S  AND  HARVEST  MOON. 

The  full  moon  nearest  to  Sept.  21  is  popu- 
larly known  as  the  "harvest  moon."  This  is 
because  the  moon  then  rises  for  several  con- 
secutive evenings  at  nearly  the  same  hour, 
giving  an  unusual  number  of  moonlight  eve- 
nings. This  is  the  most  noticeable  in  the 
higher  latitudes  and  quite  disappears  at  the 
equator. 

The  "hunter's  moon"  is  the  first  full  moon 
following  the  harvest  moon. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


17 


iIS:l8tMonth'  JANUARY,  1920. 


IB 


$62 


359 


1  Thursday 
Friday... 
Saturday. 
SUNDAY 


Monday. 
Tuesday. 
Wednea., 
8  Thursday 


14 


DAY 

OF 

WEEK. 


Friday.." 
Saturday. 
SUNDAY 
Monday ., 
Tuesday.. 
iVednes.. 
Thursday 
Friday.... 
Saturday 
SUNDAY 
Monday.. 
Tuesday . 
Wednes. 
Thursday 
Friday.... 
Saturday. 
SUNDAY 
Monday.. 
Tuesday . 
iVednes.. 
Thursday 

•» 


MOON'S 
PLACE 

7  P.  M. 
E.  S.  T. 


H  It 


SUN  AT 

NOON 
MARK. 

Mean 
Time. 

Slow. 


12 


2  58 
[2  13  9 
L2  13  20 
L2  13  30 


MOON 
IN 
ME- 
R   ID- 
IAN 

Eve. 


H.  M. 

817 

917 

1020 

1123 

morn 

24 

122 

216 

355 
441 
526 
611 

656 
742 
8°9 

18 'i 

1055 
1143 
ev.30 


250 
337 
425 
516 


Iowa,  Neb.,  Wyo., 

Ore.,  N.Mo.,  Ohio. 

Pa.,  N.  J.,  Mass., 

Conn.,  R.  I. 


Moon 
Sun  Sun  sets 
rises,  sets,  and 


715 
715 


i 

512 


335 


S.  111.,  lid.,  Kas., 

Okla.,  Col.,  Utah, 

Cal.,  Ky.,  Va.f 

Md.,  Del. 


Sun 
rises. 


716 


713 

712 


Sun 


H.  M 

*1 

J 
455 
456 
457 
458 
459 


516 
517 
518 
519 
520 
521 


Vis.,  Minn.,N.D., 

S.  D.,  Mont.,  N. 

Idaho,  Wash.,  N. 

*.  Y.,  Vt.,  N.  H. 
Moon 
sets 
and 


Sun 
ises. 


H.  M. 

739 
739 
738 
738 
738 
738 
737 
737 
737 
736 
736 
736 
736 
735 
734 
734 
733 
732 
731 
730 
729 
729 
728 

725 
724 
724 
723 
723 
722 


Sun 
sets. 


H.  M. 

429 

433 
434 
435 
436 
437 
438 
439 
440 
441 
442 

4f 


ises 

.i 


1042 
1144 

morn 

148 
246 
343 

647 
Beta 


10    9 
1117 

-orn 

137 


FEBRUARY,  1920.a>Days. 


18 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


)Full    Moon,    4th. 
;Last  Quar..  12th. 


3d  Month.      MARCH,    1920.        31  Day,.      ®Ne«  Moon,  20,h. 


(First  Quar.,  27th. 


293  1 


13 


26 
27 
28 
278  29 


DAY 
OF 

WEEK. 


Monday.. 
Tuesday.. 
Wednes... 
Thursday 
Friday ... 
Saturday. 
SUNDAY 
Monday... 
Tuesday.. 
Wednes.. 
Thursday 
Friday  ... 
Saturday. 
SUNDAY 
Monday .. 
Tuesday. 
Wednes. 
Thursday 
Friday... 
Saturday 
SUNDAY 
Monday  .. 
Tuesday.. 
Wednes. 


16 
17 
18 
19 

IS 

22 
23 

24 

25  Thursday 


'riday.... 
Saturday. 
SUNDAY 
Vlonday .. 
Tuesday.. 
iVednes. . 


MOON'S 
PLACE 
7  P.M. 

E.  S.  T. 


SUN  AT 

NOON 
MARK. 

Mean 
Time. 
Slow. 


45 


MOON 
IN 
ME- 
RID- 
IAN. 

Eve. 


1014 


Iowa,  Neb.,  Wyo., 

Ore.,  N.Mo.,  Ohio, 

Pa.,  N.  J.,  Mass., 

Conn.,  R.  I. 


Sun 
rises. 


H.  M. 

636 
635 
634 
63-2 
630 
628 


62 

618 

617 

615 

613 

611 

610 

6    9 

6    7 

6    5 

6    4 

6    2 

6    0 

558 

556 

554 

553 

552 

551 

550 

548 

5  46 


Bun 


610 
611 


619 


Moon 
sets 
and 
rises. 


H.  M. 

418 
450 
527 
rises 

IJ 

1011 
11    8 

morn 

4 

65 

142 

225 


414 
446 
618 
sets 


1013 
11  19 

mom 
21 

117 
2  6 
248 
316 
4  0 


S.  111.,  Ind.,  Has., 

Okla.,  Col.,  Utah, 

Cal..  Ky.,  Va., 

Md.,  Del. 


Sun 


632 
631 
630 


552 
550 
549 

548 
546 


Sun 


554 

555 
556 


619 
620 
621 
622 
623 


Moon 
sets 
and 
rises. 


764 


Vis.. Minn. .N.D.. 
S.  D.,  Mont.,  N. 
Idaho,  Wash.,  N. 
N.  Y..Vt..N.  H. 


Sun 

ises 


a.  M. 
689 
688 
636 
634 
632 

625 


ii? 

615 

.1. 


6    3 

Si 

558 
556 
555 
552 

548 
546 
544 
543 


Sun 


553 
555 

If? 


6    2 
6    3 


610 
611 
613 
615 
616 


621 
622 


Moon 
sets 
and 
rises. 


H.  M. 

419 

rises 
7  7 
813 


morn 

1*9 
155 


421 
460 
619 
sets 
8  8 
913 


""IS 

130 
218 


fFuIl     Moon,     3d.  4thM     th          A  PR  IT 
Last  Quar.,  llth.   *th  Montll>        "flUi-l 


SO  Dava 
3°  Day8- 


®New  Moon,   18th. 
^First  Quar.,  25th. 


92275 


93 


94273 


95 


100 


16 


274 


•272 


255 
254 
253 
115  252 


251 


DAY 

OF 

WEEK. 


1  Thursday 

2  Friday.... 

3  Saturday. 

4  SUNDAY 

5  Monday  .. 

6  Tuesday.. 

7  Wednes.. 

8  Thursday 

9  Friday.... 
;0  Saturday 
,1  SUNDAY 

2  Monday.. 

3  Tuesday.. 

4  Wednes... 

5  Thursday 

6  Friday.... 

7  Saturday 

8  SUNDAY 

9  Monday  . 
!0  Tuesday. 
!1  Wednes... 
!2  Thursday 
!3  Friday.... 
14  Saturday. 
!5  SUNDAY 

16  Monday.. 

17  Tuesday.. 
!8  Wednes.. 

9  Thursday 

10  Friday.  .. 


MOON'S 
PLACE 
7  P.M. 

E.  S.T. 


"  "  27 

m  *    9 

"  "  21 
y  -5  3 
"  "  15 

II       II       Q- 

*,    -       "9 

"'  "  22 

-  X  4 
"  "  18 
X  T  1 
"  "  16 
"  "  30 
r  v  15 

"  "  29 
W  K  14 

"    ••  29 


O  11 


SUN  AT 

NOON 
MARK. 

Mean 

Time. 

Slow  and 

Fast. 


MOON 
IN 
ME- 
RID- 
IAN. 

Eve. 


1030 


. 

Iowa,  Neb.,  Wyo. 

Ore.,  N.Mo.,  Oliio 

Pa.,  N.  J.,  Mass. 

Conn.,  R.  I. 


Sun 
rises. 


544 
543 
541 
539 
537 
535 
533 
531 
529 
527 


Sun 


626 
627 
628 


633 
634 
635 


654 


Moon 
sets 
and 
rises. 


ht.  L*>uis,  S.  Mo., 

S.  111.,  Ind.,  Kas., 

Okla.,  Col.,  Utah 

Cal..  Ky.,  Va., 

Md.,  Del. 


Sun 
rises. 


H.  M 

545 
543 
5  4 '2 
540 
539 
537 
536 
534 
533 
531 
529 
528 
526 
525 
523 
522 
521 
519 

I  If 

5  16 
515 
514 
513 
511 
5  9 
5  7 
5  6 
5  4 
5  3 


Sun 


627 


633 


Moon 
sets 


«t.  i'aul,  Mich., 
>Vis.,  Minn.,N.D., 
S  D..  Mont.,  N. 
Idaho,  Wash.,  N. 
X.  Y.,  Vt..  N.  H. 


Sun 


540 
538 
586 
534 
53-2 
530 
528 
526 
524 
523 
521 
519 
518 
517 
5  15 
513 
11 

i? 
1 1 

5  0 
459 
458 
457 
456 
454 
452 
450 


Sun 


628 
629 
630 
631 


637 
639 
640 
641 
642 
643 
645 
646 
647 
648 
649 
651 


657 
668 
659 
7  0 
7  1 


Moon 
seta 


rises. 


rise 


10    6 

1058 

1147 

morn 

32 

1  11 

147 

218 


346 
4  IS 
447 
sets 
918 


morn 

58 
135 
2  6 
238 

§3? 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


19 


5Full     Moon,     2d. 
[Last  Quar.,  llth. 


5th  Mouth.         MAY,     1920.       31  Days. 


?New  Moon,  18th. 
First  Quar..  24th. 


PS 

H 

Iowa,  Neb.,  Wyo., 

S.  111.,  Ind.,  Kas., 

vVis.,  Minn.,N.D., 

K 

H 

H 

1 

DAY 

OF 

MOON'S 
PLACE 

7  P.M. 
E.  S.T, 

SUN  AT 

NOON 
MAHK. 

MOON 

IN 

ME- 

Ore., N.Mo.,  Ohio, 
Pa.,  N.  J.,  Mass., 
Conn.,  R.  I. 

Okla.,  Col.,  Utah 
Cal.,  Ky.,  Va., 
Md..  Del. 

S    D     Mont  ,  N. 

Idaho,  Wash.,  N. 
N.  Y.,  Vt.,  N.  H. 

O 

S 

WEEK. 

RID- 

Moon 

Moon 

Moon 

H 

< 

£j 

ii 

e    ^    hi 

Mean 
Time. 

IAN. 

Sun 
rises. 

Sun 

sets. 

sets 
and 

Sun 
rises. 

Sun 
sets. 

sets 
and 

Sun 

rises. 

Sun 
sets. 

sets 
and 

O 

d 

Q 

S   G  §7 

Fast. 

Eve. 

rises. 

rises. 

rises. 

^      ^ 

O   GQ   G 

H.  M.  S. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

122 

245 

1 

Saturday 

HP   ^29 

11  57    1 

1116 

456 

658 

4  5 

5   2 

4    7 

449 

7    6 

358 

123 

244 

2 

SUNDAY 

—  TTl  1  1 

11  56  54 

morn 

455 

659 

rises 

5    1 

6  52 

rises 

448 

7    6 

rises 

124 

IP 

243 
242 
241 

3 

4 
5 

Monday.. 
Tuesday  . 
Wednes.. 

"    "24 
m  r   5 

1  1  56  47 
11  56  41 
11  56  35 

3 
50 
139 

454 
453 
452 

?i 

7    3 

in 

929 

5    0 

459 
458 

654 
635 

446 
444 
443 

y 

240 

6 

Thursday 

"   "29 

1  1  56  30 

227 

450 

7    4 

1015 

457 

656 

1011 

442 

711 

1029 

128 

239 

7 

Friday.... 

*  3511 

11  56  26 

813 

449 

7    6 

1057 

456 

667 

1053 

440 

1110 

129 

238 

Saturday 

"   "23 

11  5(5  22 

4    2 

448 

7    6 

1132 

455 

668 

11  29 

4:;9 

713 

1142 

330 

237 

Q 

SUNDAY 

*  •    6 

11  56  19 

448 

446 

7    7 

morn 

454 

659 

morn 

438 

714 

morn 

131 

236 

10 

Monday  .. 

"   "17 

11  56  16 

534 

445 

453 

7    0 

7 

437 

716 

19 

132 

235 

11 

Tuesday.. 

"   "30 

11  56  14 

619 

444 

7    9 

41 

452 

39 

436 

7  17 

48 

133 

234 

12 

Wednes.. 

-  X  13 

11  56  13 

7    5 

442 

710 

113 

451 

7    1 

111 

435 

116 

134 
135 

233 
232 

13 
14 

Thursday 
Friday.... 

X  T10 

11  56  12 
31  56  11 

751 
840 

441 
440 

711 
712 

143 

215 

450 
449 

7    3 

143 
216 

434 
432 

720 

iti 

136 

231 

15 

Saturday. 

"    "24 

11  56  12 

931 

439 

713 

249 

448 

7    8 

250 

431 

721 

244 

137 

16 

SUNDAY 

T  tf  8 

11  56  13 

1025 

438 

714 

326 

448 

7    4 

329 

4*0 

723 

318 

138 

229 

17 

Monday  .. 

"    "23 

11  66  15 

11  24 

437 

715 

412 

447 

7    6 

415 

429 

724 

4    1 

139 

18 

Tuesday 

V  M   8 

11  56  Hi 

ev.28 

436 

716 

sets 

446 

7    6 

sets 

428 

725 

sets 

140 

L'  "  7 

19 

Wednes.. 

"    "23 

J  1  56  19 

128 

435 

717 

4  15 

7    7 

852 

427 

726 

910 

141 

*>2B 

20 

Thursday 

K  ®  8 

3  1  56  22 

230 

434 

718 

9  55 

444 

7    8 

426 

10    8 

142 

225 

21 

Friday.  .. 

"  "  23 

3  1  56  29 

330 

434 

719 

10  44 

444 

7    9 

10  40 

425 

728 

143 

224 

Saturday 

®   0  7 

1  1  56  30 

427 

433 

720 

1  1  26 

443 

710 

1123 

424 

7  29 

11  84 

144 

223 

OQ 

SUNDAY 

"   "21 

11  66  34 

620 

432 

721 

morn 

443 

711 

morn 

423 

730 

morn 

145 

222 

24 

Monday  .. 

£?  TIP    5 

11  56  40 

6    9 

431 

4 

442 

712 

2 

422 

731 

146 
147 

221 
220 

25 
26 

Tuesday.. 
Wednes.. 

"   "18 
np  «  1 

1  1  56  45 
11  56  51 

667 

430 
429 

724 

138 

442 
441 

718 

7    8 

36 

1    9 

421 
420 

732 
734 

i3! 

148 

219 

27 

Thursday 

"   "14 

1  1  56  58 

8  28 

428 

725 

138 

441 

7    4 

139 

419 

735 

1  35 

149 

218 

28 

Friday.... 

"    "26 

11  57     5 

9  14 

427 

726 

440 

7    5 

2  10 

4  18 

736 

2    2 

150 

217 

29 

Saturday 

«=  m  8 

11  57  12 

10    0 

426 

727 

O  4Q 

439 

7    6 

243 

417 

737 

231 

151 

216 

30 

SUNDAY 

-    "20 

11  57  20 

1047 

426 

728 

315 

439 

7    7 

319 

416 

738 

3    4 

152 

215 

31  (Monday  .. 

m  f  2 

11  57  29 

1135 

4.26 

729 

353 

438 

7    7 

3  58 

A  Ifi 

7  39 

3  40 

)Full     Moon,     1st. 
[Last    Quar.,    9th. 


6th  Month.       JUNE,     1920.  30  Days. 


fNew  Moon,  16th. 
First  Quar..  23d. 


New  York,  Chicago, 

St.  Paul,  Mich., 

K 

K 

1  MONTI 

DAT 

OP 

MOON'S 
PLACE 

7  P.  M. 
E.  S.T. 

SUN  AT 

NOON 
MARK. 

MOON 

IN 

ME- 

owa, Neb.,  Wyo., 
Ore.,  N.Mo.,  Ohio, 
Pa.,  N.  J.,  Moss., 
Conn.,  R.  I. 

S.'lll.,  Ind./Kas!! 
Okla.,  Col.,  Utah, 
Cal..  Ky.,  Va., 
Md..  Del. 

Wis.,  Minn.,N.D., 
S.  D.,  Mont.,  N. 
Idaho,  Wash.,  N. 
N.  Y.,  Vt.,  N.  H. 

0 

1-1 

m 

WEEK. 

Mean 

RID- 

M oon 

Moon 

Moon 

cc 

Time. 

IAN. 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

Sun 

81!  Yl 

53 

'^ 

* 

a    ^    U 

Fast  and 

rises. 

sets. 

and 

rises. 

sets. 

and 

rises. 

nn 
sets. 

rises 
and 

c 

G 

G 

o  —«   ^ 

Slow. 

Morn. 

sets. 

sets. 

sets. 

O  W  Q 

H.    M.    8. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

153 
154 

214 
213 

1 

2 

Tuesday.. 
Wednes.. 

m  f  14 

-    -26 

11  57  38 
11  57  47 

morn 
23 

425 
425 

729 
730 

rises 
813 

438 
438 

718 
719 

rises 
8    8 

415 
4  15 

740 

741 

rises 
826 

155 
156 

212 
211 

3 

4 

Thursday. 
Friday.... 

*  *   8 
••    "20 

11  57  56 
11  58    6 

111 
158 

4  25  • 
425 

730 
731 

856 
936 

438 
437 

719 
720 

III 

414 

4  14 

741 
742 

910 
947 

157 

210 

5 

Saturday 

«  -  2 

11  58  16 

245 

424 

731 

1010 

437 

720 

10    7 

414 

742 

158 
159 
160 

207 

6 
7 
8 

SUNDAY 
Monday  .. 
Tuesday.. 

"   "  14 
-   X  9 

3  1  58  27 
11  58  38 
11  58  49 

331 
4  J5 
5    0 

424 
424 
424 

782 
733 
733 

1042 
1112 
1142 

437 
437 
436 

721 
721 
722 

1040 
11  11 
11  42 

413 
413 
4  13 

743 
743 
744 

11  44 

161 

20  ii 

9 

Wednes.. 

"    "21 

11  59    1 

545 

423 

734 

morn 

436 

722 

morn 

4  13 

744 

morn 

162 

205 

10 

Thursday 

X  T  4 

11  59  12 

631 

423 

734 

13 

436 

723 

14 

412 

7  45 

12 

163 

204 

11 

Friday.... 

"   "18 

11  59  25 

719 

423 

44 

436 

724 

45 

412 

746 

40 

164 

203 

12 

Saturday 

T  V   2 

11  59  37 

811 

436 

724 

123 

412 

747 

165 

202 

13 

SUNDAY 

"   "16 

11  59  49 

9    6 

423 

2    o 

436 

725 

2    3 

412 

747 

1  50 

166 

201 

14 

Monday. 

V    H    1 

12    0     2 

10    4 

423 

737 

245 

436 

7  25 

249 

4  12 

748 

233 

167 

200 

15 

Tuesday 

"    "16 

12    0  15 

11    7 

423 

738 

341 

436 

725 

346 

4  12 

749 

3  28 

188 

199 

16 

Wednes. 

H   ®   2 

12    0  28 

ev.10 

423 

738 

sets 

436 

726 

sets 

412 

7  50 

sets 

169 
170 

198 
197 

17 
18 

Thursday 
Friday... 

®  a  2 

12    0  41 
12    0  54 

113 

21 

739 
739 

832 
929 

726 
726 

82P. 
926 

412 
412 

760 
751 

in 

171 

196 

19 

Saturday 

"    "17 

12     1     7 

3  10 

423 

739 

10    0 

436 

9  58 

4  12 

751 

10    7 

172 

195 

20 

SUNDAY 

Q  np   l 

12     1  20 

4    3 

423 

739 

1037 

436 

7  26 

10  36 

4  12 

751 

1041 

173 

194 

21 

Monday  .. 

"  "  14 

12     1  33 

453 

424 

740 

1110 

436 

726 

11  10 

4  12 

761 

11  11 

174 

193 

22 

Tuesday.. 

"  ••  28 

540 

424 

740 

1141 

437 

727 

1142 

413 

761 

11  39 

$ 

192 
191 
190 

23 

2! 

Wednes.. 
Thursday 
Friday.... 

•DP   =  11 
"  "  23 

<=  m  5 

12    2  24 

626 
758 

424 
424 
424 

740 

morn 
42 

437 
437 
437 

727 
727 
727 

morn 
13 
46 

413 
413 
4  13 

7  51 

morn 
6 
36 

178 

189 

26 

Saturday. 

"  "  17 

12     2  37 

845 

425 

7  40 

1  16 

438 

727 

1  20 

4  13 

1    6 

179 

27 

SUNDAY 

"  "  29 

12    2  49 

932 

425 

740 

154 

438 

4  14 

7  51 

187 

28 

Monday.. 

m  r  31 

1020 

425 

740 

234 

438 

7  27 

O  QQ 

414 

7  51 

2  20 

182 

185 

Tuesday.. 

Wednes  .. 

"  "  23 

gyLj 

12    8  14 
12    3  26 

m 

740 
740 

318 
4    6 

439 
440 

727 
727 

323 
4  11 

414 
415 

751 
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ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


JULY>  192°-     31Days- 


•»»•"»•  AUGUST,  1920. 


jj 

S 

g 

dOON'S 

owa,  Neb.,  Wyo.. 

.  111.,  Ind.,  Kas.. 

Wis.,  Minn.,N.D., 

b 

a 
H 
g 

a 

DAY 

OF 

PLACE 

7  P.  M. 

E.  S.  T. 

SUNAT 

NOON 
MARK. 

MOON 
IN 

ME- 

re., N.Mo.,  Ohio, 
a.,  N.  J.,  Mass.. 
Conn.,  R.  I. 

Okla.,  Col.,  Utah, 
Cal.,  Ky.,  Va., 
Md..  Del. 

S.  D.,  Mont.,  N. 
daho,  Wash.,  N. 
V.  Y.,   Vt.,  N.  H. 

0 

05 

c 

WEEK 

M'ean 

RID- 
IAN 

Moon 

Moon 

Moon 

M 

«« 

* 

•   a   ti 

Time. 

ises. 

sets. 

rises 
and 

ises. 

sets. 

rises 
and 

Sun 

ises. 

Sun 

sets. 

rises 
and 

Q 

Q 

G 

451 

Slow. 

Morn. 

sets. 

sets. 

sets. 

214 

215 

153 

[52 

1 

2 

SUNDAY 

Monday... 

O   02  H 
-  X     2 
"  "   15 

3.    M.  8. 

12     6    8 
12    6    4 

57 
1  42 

153 

H.  M. 

719 
7  18 

H.  M. 

31? 

H.  M. 

5    2 

H.  M. 

H.   M. 
749 
820 

H.  M. 

443 

444 

H    M. 

729 
727 

H.  M. 

21! 

216 

151 

3 

Tuesday.. 

"  "   28 

12    6    0 

2  27 

454 

851 

5    3 

7    8 

852 

445 

725 

850 

217 

150 

4 

Wednes.. 

X  T  11 

12    5  54 

313 

454 

7  16 

922 

5    4 

7    7 

923 

446 

724 

218 

149 

5 

Thursday 

..  ..  24 

4    0 

4  r>5 

715 

957 

5    5 

7    6 

959 

447 

9  50 

219 

148 

6 

<'riday  .... 

T  V     7 

12     5  42 

450 

4  56 

714 

5    6 

7    5 

1038 

449 

*7  20 

10  24 

220 
221 

147 
146 
145 

7 
8 
9 

Saturday. 
SUNDAY 
Monday  .. 

"  "   21 

V  K     5 
"  "   20 

12     5  2F 
12     5  20 

542 
637 
736 

457 

n 

713 
712 
7  10 

morn 

8? 

5    8 

7    4 
7    3 
7    2 

11  22 

morn 
15 

4  50 
451 
4  53 

551 

11    6 
11  57 

morn 

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144 

10 

Tuesday.. 

K  ®     4 

12    5  11 

836 

5    I 

7    9 

1    9 

5    9 

7    1 

113 

454 

715 

57 

224 

143 

11 

Wednes  . 

"  "   19 

12    4    2 

937 

5    2 

7    7 

214 

510 

7    0 

2  19 

455 

714 

2    1 

225 
226 

142 
141 

12 
13 

Thursday 
Friday.... 

®  a    4 
"  "   19 

12    4  52 
12    4  42 

10  36 
31  34 

5    3 

5    4 

7    5 

435 

511 
512 

659 
657 

326 

438 

456 

458 

713 

311 

427 

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228 

140 
139 

14 
15 

Saturday 
SUNDAY 

"  "   18 

12    4  31 
12    4  ?0 

ev.28 
121 

5    5 
5    6 

7    4 
7    3 

sets 
737 

5  13 
5  14 

655 
654 

sets 
737 

459 
5    0 

7    9 

sets 
738 

229 

138 

16 

Monday  . 

TCP  —      1 

12    4    8 

211 

5    7 

7    2 

515 

653 

813 

5    2 

7    8 

810 

230 

137 

17 

Tuesday. 

K  „  15 

12    3  56 

3    0 

5    8 

7    1 

8  45 

516 

651 

846 

5    3 

7    6 

840 

231 

18 

Wednes. 

"  "  28 

12    3  43 

348 

5    9 

659 

918 

516 

650 

5    4 

7    4 

910 

232 

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19 

Thursday 

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657 

952 

517 

649 

9  55 

7    2 

942 

134 

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Friday  .. 

523 

511 

655 

1031 

518 

1035 

5    6 

7    1 

1019 

23- 

133 

21 

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m  *   £ 

12     3 

611 

512 

653 

11  13 

519 

6  46 

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235 

132 

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12    2  46 

659 

5  13 

6  51 

11  59 

520 

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521 

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130 

24 

Tuesday. 

f  *  10 

12    2  15 

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515 

649 

47 

522 

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510 

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Wednes. 

"   "  22 

12    1  58 

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5.16 

647 

140 

5  23 

640 

144 

5  11 

652 

128 

939 

128 

H'- 

Thursda 

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12    1  4: 

10    1 

517 

645 

236 

524 

639 

240 

512 

650 

225 

241 

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28 

Friday.   . 
Saturdav 

"   "  17 
"    "  29 

Hit 

518 
520 

6-44 
6  43 

334 
434 

525 
526 

337 

436 

5  14 
516 

648 

III 

242  12 

29 

SUNDAY 

-  X  12 

204! 

rises 

521 

6  41 

rises 

527 

6  35 

rises 

517 

6  45 

rises 

243  12 

244  12 

30 
31 

Monday. 
!  Tuesday 

"   "  25 

X  T     3 

12    0  3 
12    0  1 

1?? 

522 
523 

639 

6  38 

654 
726 

5  28 
528 

634 

1  633 

654 
7.07 

518 
519 

641 

653 
722 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


21 


'Last 

JNew 


ilth. 9th  Month-  SEPTEMBER,  1 920.  so  Days. 


(First  Quar.,  19th. 
)Full  Moon,  27th. 


• 

S 

Iowa,  Net).,  Wyo.. 

S.  111.,  Itid.,  Kas., 

Wis.,  Miun.,N.DM 

H 

m 

H 

g 

£ 

DAT 

OP 

MOON'S 

PI,ACE 
7  P.  M. 

E.  S.  T. 

SUN  AT 

NOON 
MARK. 

MOON 
IN 

ME- 

Ore.,  N.Mo.,  Ohio, 
Pa.,  N.  J.,  Mass.. 
Conn.,  R.  I. 

Okla.,  Col.,  Utah, 
Cal.,  Ky.,  Va., 
Md.,  Del. 

S.  D.,  Mont.,  N. 
daho,  Wash.,  N. 
N*.  Y.,  Vt..  N.  H. 

o 

" 

O 

WEEK. 

B1I> 

Moon 

Moon 

Moon 

IH 

F3 

Mean 

IAN. 

Sun 

Sun 

rises 

Sun 

Sun 

rises 

Son 

Sun 

risesj 

2 

^ 

«j 

a   **  fct 

Time. 

rises. 

sets. 

and 

rises. 

sets. 

and. 

ises. 

sets. 

and 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Fast. 

Morn. 

sets. 

seta. 

sets. 

(->  02  Q 

H.   M.    S. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

245 

246 
247 

122 
121 
12(1 
119 
118 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

Wednes.. 
Thursday 
Friday.... 
Saturda^. 
SUNDAY 

X   T21 
T  tf  4 
"   "18 

"   "16 

1  1  59  54 
11  59  35 
1  1  59  15 
1  1  58  56 
1  1  58  36 

158 

Ul 

433 
529 

524 
525 
526 
527 
528 

ill 

632 
630 
629 

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11    1 

529 
529 
530 
531 
532 

632 
630 

11? 

625 

8    2 
839 
922 

i?  ll 

520 
521 
5  23 
5  24 
525 

639 

753 
827 

250 

117 

G 

Monday.. 

"  "  30 

11  58  16 

628 

529 

627 

morn 

5  33 

623 

morn 

5  26 

6  30 

1147 

251 

111) 

7 

Tuesday.. 

V.  ©14 

1  1  57  56 

726 

530 

1 

534 

622 

5 

528 

6  28 

morn 

252 

115 

8 

Wednes.. 

..     «.  ^Q 

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8  24 

531 

6  24 

1    7 

5  35 

621 

1  11 

529 

6  26 

56 

253 

114 

9 

Thursday 

©  013 

11  57  15 

921 

532 

6  22 

.216 

5  36 

619 

219 

530 

624 

2    7 

254 

113 

10 

Friday.... 

"    "28 

1  1  5  !  64 

1016 

533 

620 

326 

537 

328 

531 

320 

255 

112 

Saturday 

J  1  56  33 

11    8 

534 

618 

434 

5  37 

615 

436 

532 

6  20 

431 

M6 

111 

12 

SUNDAY 

"    "26 

11  56  12 

1159 

535 

616 

543 

538 

6  14 

543 

5  33 

618 

542 

7 

110 

13 

Monday.. 

TPP    =^10 

11  55  61 

ev.49 

536 

614 

sets 

539 

6  13 

sets 

534 

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sets 

258 

109 

14 

Tuesday.. 

"   **  °3 

1  1  55  30 

138 

537 

714 

540 

6  12 

716 

535 

615 

7    8 

259 

108 

15 

Wednes.. 

—  Ti    6 

11  55    9 

226 

538 

ill 

749 

541 

610 

752 

536 

613 

740 

260 

107 

1(3 

Thursday 

"   "  18 

1  1  54  48 

315 

539 

9 

837 

542 

6    8 

537 

611 

261 

10C, 

17 

Friday.... 

m  /•   i 

1  L  54  27 

4    3 

541 

9    8 

543 

6    6 

9  12 

539 

6    9 

8  55 

262 

105 

Saturday 

"   "13 

11  54    6 

452 

542 

Q 

952 

544 

9  57 

541 

6    7 

9  39 

263 

104 

19 

SUNDAY 

41   **  24 

1  1  53  44 

540 

543 

4 

1040 

545 

!3 

10  45 

542 

6    5 

1027 

264 

103 

20 

Monday. 

*  -5   6 

1  1  53  23 

628 

544 

2 

1133 

54*5 

1 

11  37 

5  4:? 

1120 

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102 
101 

21 
22 

Tuesday 
Wednes. 

"   "18 
"   "30 

11  63    2 
1  1  52  41 

715 
8    1 

545 
546 

6    0 

559 

morn 
27 

547 
547 

59 

morn 
31 

544 
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6    0 

morn 

7 

100 

23 

Thursday 

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11  52  20 

547 

558 

122 

548 

57 

125 

547 

558 

113 

268 
269 
270 

99 
98 
97 

24 

i 

Friday... 
Saturday 
SUNDAY 

"   "25 
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..  ,,2o 

11  51  69 
11  51  39 
11  51  18 

10  ?i 

548 
549 
550 

556 
554 
552 

210 
321 

421 

549 
550 
551 

56 
553 
551 

2  13 
322 
421 

548 
549 
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556 
554 
552 

2    3 
316 
419 

271 

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27 

Monday. 

X  T  4 

1  1  50  6-4 

11  52 

551 

5  1  3 

552 

550 

5  22 

55-> 

550 

524 

272 

95 

28 

Tuesday. 

"   "17 

1  1  50  38 

morn 

552 

5  49 

rises 

553 

rises 

5  53 

548 

rises 

273 

9  i 

29 

Wednes.. 

T  V    I 

11  50  18 

42 

r.  r>:i 

5  4*7 

627 

5  54 

5  47 

639 

5  54 

619 

274    93  °n 

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©New  Mo 


10th  Month.    OCTOBER,     1920,  31  Days. 


(First  Quar.,  19th. 
)Full   Moon,  27th. 


p; 
<) 

fa 

PS 

ti 
H 

X 

MONTH.]) 

DAT 
OP 

MOON'S 
PLACE 

7  P.  M. 
E.  S.  T. 

SUN  AT 

NOON 
MAHK. 

MOON 

IN 

M  fi- 

Mew York,  Chicago, 
Iowa,  Nob.,  Wvo.. 
Ore.,  N.Mo.,  Ohio. 
Pa.,  N.  J.,  Mass., 
Conn.,  R.  I. 

St.  Louis.  S.  Mo., 
S.  111.,  Ind.,  Kits., 
Okla.,  Col.,  Utah, 
Cal..  Kv..  Va.,  • 
Md..  Del. 

St.  Paul,  Mich., 
Wis.,  Minn.,N.D., 
S.  D.,  Mont.,  N. 
Idnlio,  Wash.,  N. 
N.  Y..  Vt.,  N.  H. 

o 

0 

WEEK. 

ll  Il> 

Moon 

Moon 

Moon 

«! 

2 

Mean 

IAN. 

Sun 

Sim 

rises 

Sun 

Sun 

i-i:  es 

Sun 

Sun 

rises 

^4 

*A 

^ 

a    P    *; 

Time. 

rises. 

sets. 

and 

rises. 

sets. 

and 

rises. 

sets. 

and  ; 

Q 

Q 

Q 

o  .«  £ 

Fast. 

Morn. 

sots. 

8>tS. 

sets. 

U  02  Q 

H.  M.   S. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  .M. 

H.  M. 

H. 

H.  M. 

n  M 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

275 

0° 

1 

Friday.... 

T   tf°9 

11  49  39 

228 

5  r.G 

544 

5  5(5 

543 

8    9 

5  57 

753 

276 

91 

2 

Saturday. 

tf    H13 

1  1  49  tO 

325 

5  57 

5  42 

8  58 

5  r.G 

542 

9    2 

5  58 

5  40 

277 

90 

3 

SUNDAY 

"    "27 

11  49     1 

423 

5T8 

9  f  6 

.">  57 

541 

10    0 

5  59 

c  on 

9  42 

£§ 

280 

B9 

88 

4 

5 
G 

Monday  .. 
Tuesday.. 
Wednes  .. 

K  ©11 
©  fl   9 

11  48  43 
jl  48  25 
11  48    7 

521 
G  19 
715 

11 

li 

11  "0 

morn 

558 

559 
0    0 

11    4 

morn 
9 

G    0 
3    1 
G    2 

538 
536 
5  34 

morn 

281 

H(> 

Thursday 

"   "23 

11  47  50 

8    8 

6    2 

533 

1  13 

6    1 

5  34 

116 

6    4 

1     6 

S'*> 

O 

Friday  

1  1  47  53 

9    0 

6    3 

532 

220 

6    2 

533 

222 

G    5 

5  80 

216 

283 

84 

q 

Saturday 

"    "21 

11  47  17 

9  50 

6    4 

530 

327 

6    3 

531 

327 

G    G 

5  °8 

325 

"* 

10 

SUNDAY 

W   =   5 

11  47     1 

1039 

6    5 

5  28 

4  32 

6    4 

5  29 

432 

6    7 

5  26 

433 

1  1 

Monday.. 

"   "  18 

1  I  46  45 

11  28 

6    7 

537 

6    5 

5  28 

536 

G    8 

524 

541 

81 

HO 

12 
J3 

Tuesday. 
Wednes.. 

••M 

1  1  46  30 
11  46  1G 

ev.17 
1    5 

6    8 
6    9 

ill 

sets 
622 

if 

5  27 
526 

sets 
625 

G10 
6  1  2 

522 
520 

sets 

288 

79 

14 

Thursday 

"   "26 

1  1  4G     2 

154 

G10 

521 

7    2 

6    8 

524 

7    6 

(5  1  3 

519 

6  50 

289 

78 

15 

Friday.... 

m  *  8 

11  45  49 

243 

Gil 

519 

746 

6    9 

523 

750 

G  14 

517 

rf  go 

290 

77 

1*3 

Saturday. 

"    "20 

11  45  3G 

332 

612 

518 

832 

610 

522 

837 

516 

819 

291 

7(5 

17 

SUNDAY. 

if  «    2 

11  45  24 

420 

(5  1  3 

517 

95>3 

Gil 

520 

927 

617 

514 

910 

M 

18 
19 

Monday... 
Tuesday.. 

\   "14 

1  1  45  12 
11  45     1 

5    8 
554 

Gl  t 
G  15 

516 
515 

1017 
11  11 

612 
G13 

519 
5  18 

1021 
11  14 

G  18 
G  19 

512 
5  10 

294 

73 

20 

Wednes... 

^             *"Q 

11  44  51 

639 

GIG 

513 

morn 

514 

5  17 

morn 

G21 

5    8 

12    0 

295 

72 

21 

Thursday 

"    "20 

11  44  41 

724 

G18 

511 

8 

us 

516 

10 

G  22 

5    7 

morn 

29(5 

71 

22 

Friday.... 

-   X   3 

11  44  32 

8    9 

(519 

5    9 

1    5 

516 

514 

1    G 

G24 

5    5 

59 

70 

23 

Sat  nrclnv 

"  "  15 

11  44  23 

855 

(521 

5    7 

2    6 

516 

512 

2    7 

G  25 

5    3 

2    3 

298 

C>9 

24 

SUNDAY 

"    "28 

11  44  15 

942 

(522 

5    6 

3    6 

5  17 

511 

3    7 

G27 

3    6 

299 

(58 

25 

Monday.. 

X  T12 

11  44    8 

1031 

624 

5    4 

4    9 

G18 

510 

4    9 

(528 

5    1 

412 

300 

G7 

2(5 

Tuesday  . 

"  "  26 

11  44    2 

1123 

(5  25 

5    2 

513 

(519 

5    8 

5  12 

G30 

4  59 

518 

301 

(5G 

27 

Wedres... 

T   V10 

11  43  5i> 

morn 

6  2(5 

5    1 

rises 

(520 

5    7 

rises 

(531 

457 

rises 

302 

G5 

28 

Thursday 

»  ••  24 

11  43  61 

17 

627 

5    0 

558 

G  21 

5    6 

6    2 

(i  H2 

455 

547 

64 

29 

Friday.... 

V   K    8 

11  43  47 

1  15 

G28 

459 

650 

622 

5    5 

654 

()    "•**•? 

454 

637 

305 

(53 
(52 

Saturday 
SUNDAY 

V    ®*"7 

11  43  44 

11  43  41 

2  14 
3  14 

(529 
G30 

458 
457 

749 
853 

G  23 
G24 

u 

7  53 
857 

634 

III 

22 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


<$:««>  «»>«>•  NOVEMBER,  1920. 


31D 
311 
312 
313 


317 
318 


53 
52 
)16  51 


50 


30  37 


SUN  AT 

NOON 
MARK. 

•Mean 
Time. 
Fast, 


Jil      **«)     -»V7 

11  43  43 
11  43  46 


J.  J.    *tu    «*« 

11  46  49 
1147  7 
1 1  47  26 
11  47  45 
11  48  5 
1 1  4«  26 
11  48  48 


MOON 

IN 

ME- 
RID- 
IAN. 

Morn. 


Iowa,  Neb..  Wyo., 

Qre.,  N.Mo.,  Ohio. 

Pa.,  N.  J.,  Mass., 

Conn.,  R.  I. 


Sun 


Sun 


438 
438 
437 
437 


432 


and 


1054 
1151 


rises 


S.  111.,  Ind.,  Kas., 

Okla.,  Col.,  Utah 

Cal.,  Ky.,  Va., 

Md.,  Del. 


Moon 
Sun  Sun  rises 
rises,  sets,  and 


33 


or.  ram,  Mich., 
Vis.,  Minn.,N.D., 
S.  D.,  Mont.,  N. 
Idaho,  Wash.,  N. 
NT.  Y.,  Vt.,  N.  H. 


Sun 
rises, 


Sun 


a.  M. 
449 


443 
442 

436 
435 
434 


431 
430 
430 
429 


426 
426 
425 
424 


421 
4  21 


Moon 
rises 
and 

sets. 


H.  M. 
948 

10  68 
morn 


222 
329 
435 
538 
641 


?  a 

851 

rffi 

m°r5no 
152 
257 

515 
626 
rises 
624 
732 
845 
957 


SSS: 


DECEMBER,  1920.  3u,ay, 


3 

w 
fe 

1  MONTH. 

DAT- 
OF 

MOON'S 
PLACE 

7   P.  M. 
E.  S.  T. 

SUN  AT 
NOON 
MARK. 

MOON 

IN 

ME- 

owa, Neb.,  Wvo., 
Ore.,  N.Mo.,  Ohio, 
Pa.,  N.  J.,  Mass., 
Conn.,  R.  I. 

St.  Louis,  is.  Mo., 
S.  111.,  Ind.,  Kas., 
Okla.,  Col.,  Utah, 
Cal.,  Kj'.,  Va., 
Md.,  Del. 

St.  Paul,  Mich., 
Wis.,  JMinn.,N.D., 
S.  D.,  Mont.,  N. 
Idaho,  Wash.,  N. 
N.  Y.,  Vt.,  N.  H. 

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sets. 

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H.  M. 

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11  49  56 

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Mississippi-Mo. .  .4,194 

Nile 3.670 

Amazon  3,300 

Ob 3,235 


LONGEST    RIVERS 

River.  Miles. 

Yangtze  3,000 

La    Plata 2,930 

Lena    2,860 

Kongro  2,800 


IN    THE    WORLD. 

River.  Miles. 

Amur    2,700 

Mekong-    2,600 

Nigrer     2,600 

Yenesei   2,500 


River.  Miles. 

Volga  2,325 

Hwangho    2.300 

Yukon 2,050 

Colorado  2.00O 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920, 


A    READY-REFERENCE    CALENDAR, 

For  ascertaining  any  day  of  the  week  for  any  given  time  within  two  hundred  years  from  the 
introduction  of  the  New  Style.   *1752  to  1952  inclusive. 


YEARS  1753  TO  1952. 


31  fa 


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1791 
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1853 


1870 
1921 


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1898    62 
1949 


257 


3    514 


1765 
1811 


1771 
1822 


1782 
1833 


1793 
1839 


1861 
1901     1907 


1867 
1918 


1878 
1929 


1889 
19351 


158  £ 


5    13 


6    14    7 


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1823 


1783 
1834 


1/94 
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1873 
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1879 
1930 


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624 


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1769 
1815 


1775 
1826 


1786 
1837 


1854     1865 
1905     1911 


1871 
1922 


1882 
1933 


1893 
1939 


73 


361 


4626 


1759 
1821 


1770 
1827 


1787 
184£ 


1866 
1906 


1877 
1917 


1894 
1934 


1900 
1945 
1951 


4    7257    3    6 


LEAP  TEAKS. 


..  29 


1764 


1792 


1928 


|7|3|4|7|2|5|7|3|6IH4>6 


1768     I     1796 


1808     |     1836 


1904     I  1932  |5|1|2|5|7|3|5|  1  |  4  |  6  |  2  |  4 


1772     I 


1812     I     1840 


1908     I  1936  I  3  I  6  I  7  I  3  I  5  I  11 3  I  6  I  2  I  4  I  7  I  2 


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Monday 
Tuesday... 


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Thursday  .   4 


Friday... 
Saturday.. 
SUNDAY. 
Monday. . . 
Tuesday... 


Friday 

Saturday., 
SUNDAY . 
Monday. . . 
8  Tuesday... 


Wednesday  10 
Thursday  .11 
Friday....  12 
Saturday. .13 
SUNDAY  .  14 
Monday..  .15 
Tuesday  ...16 
Wednesday  17 
Thursday  .  18 
Friday....  19 
Saturday.. 20 
SUNDAY.  21 


Tuesday...   1 
Wednesday  2 


Wednesday  9 


Thursday 
Friday. . . 


Thursday  .  17 
Friday.. .  .18 
Saturday..  19 
SUNDAY  .  20 
Monday...  21 


Monday. . .  22  Tuesday ..  .22 


Tuesday... 23  Wednesday23  Thursday  .23 


Wednesday24  Thursday  .  24 
Thursday  .25  Friday. . .  .25 
Friday. ...  26  Saturday.  .26 
Saturday.  .27  SUNDAY  .27 
SUNDAY. 28  Monday... 28 
Monday... 29  Tuesday... 29 
Tuesday..  .30,  Wednesday30 
Wednesdays  1 1  Thursday  .31 


3 


Wednesday  1 


Thursday 

Friday 

Saturday. , 
SUNDAY . 
Monday.. . 
Tuesday... 


Wednesday  8 


Thursday  .    9  Friday. ...    9  |  Saturday. .   9 


Saturday.. 12 
SUNDAY  .  13 
Monday...  14 
Tuesday  ...15 
WednesdaylG  Thursday  .16 


Friday 10 

Saturday..  11 
SUNDAY  .  12 
Monday...  13 
Tuesday...  14 


Friday 17 

Saturday..  18 
SUNDAY.  19 
Monday..  .20 
Tuesday. ..21 
Wednesday22 


Friday...  .24 
Saturday..  25 
SUNDAY.  26 


Thursday  .  1 
Friday...  .  2 
Saturday..  3 
SUNDAY.  4 
Monday. . .  5 
Tuesday...  6 
Wednesday  7 
Thursday  .  8 


Friday....  1 
Saturday..  2 
SUNDAY.  3 
Monday...  4 
Tuesday...  5 
Wednesday  6 
Thursday  .  7 
Friday... 


Saturday.  .10 1  SUNDAY  .  10 
SUNDAY  .  11  (Monday. . .  11 
Monday. . .  12  JTuesday ..  .12 
Tuesday ..  .13  \  Wednesday  13 
Wednesdayl4  Thursday  .  14 


Wednesdayl5  Thursday  .  15  Friday. ...  15 


Friday. ...  16 '  Saturday.  .16 
Saturday.. 17  SUNDAY.  17 
SUNDAY  .  18  Monday. . .  18 
Monday. . .  19  Tuesday ..  .19 
Tuesday...  20  ;Wednesday20 
Wednesday21  Thursday  .21 
Thursday  .22  Friday. . .  .22 
Friday. . .  .23  Saturday.  .23 
Saturday.. 24  SUNDAY. 24 
SUNDAY  .  25  Monday. . .  25 
Monday. . .  26  Tuesday ..  .26 


Monday.. . 27|Tuesday ..  .27  Wednesday27 
Tuesday ..  .28 '  Wednesday28  Thursday  .  28 
Wednesday29  Thursday  .29  Friday...  .29 
Thursday  .30  Friday...  .30  Saturday. .30 
Friday. ...  31  Saturday.  .31  SUNDAY  .  31 


Saturday..  1 
SUNDAY.  2 
Monday. . .  3 
Tuesday...  4 
Wednesday  5 


Thursday 
Friday. . .  . 
Saturday. , 
SUNDAY , 
Monday. . 


Tuesday...  11 


Wednesdayl2  Thursday  .1 


Thursday  .  13 
Friday...  .14 
Saturday..  15 
SUNDAY  .  16 
Monday...  17 
Tuesday. ..18 
Wednesday  19 
Thursday  .  20 
Friday.. .  .21 
Saturday.. 22 
SUNDAY  .  23 
Monday..  .24 
Tuesday...  25 
Wednesday26 
Thursday  .  27 
Friday.. .  .28 


SUNDAY.  1 
Monday...  3 
Tuesday...  3 
Wednesday  4 
Thursday .  6 

Friday 0 

Saturday..  7 
SUNDAY.  8 
Monday. . .  9 
Tuesday  ...10 
Wednesday  11 


Friday 13 

Saturday.. 14 
SUNDAY .  15 
Monday..  .16 
Tuesday  ...17 
WednesdaylS 
Thursday  .19 

Friday 20 

Saturday..  21 
SUNDAY .  23 
Monday...  23 
Tuesday...  24 
Wednesday25 
Thursday  .  26 

Friday 27 

Saturday..  28 


Saturday.  .29  SUNDAY  .2$ 
SUNDAY  .  30  Monday. . .  30 
Monday. . .  31  Tuesday ..  .31 


Note— To  ascertain  any  day  of  the  week 
first  look  in  the  table  for  the  year  required 
and  under  the  months  are  figures  which  refer 
to  the  corresponding  figures  at  the  head  of 
the  columns  of  days  below.  For  example: 
To  know  on  what  day  of  the  week  July  4  was 
in  the  year  1895,  in  the  table  of  years  look 
for  1895.  and  in  a  parallel  line,  under  July. 


is  figure  1.  which  directs  to  column  1.  in 
which  it  will  be  seen  that  July  4  falls  on 
Thursday. 

*1752  same  as  1772  from  Jan.  1  to  Sept.  2. 
From  Sept.  14  to  Dec.  31  same  as  1780 
(Sept.  3-13  were  omitted)  .—This  Calendar  is 
from  Whitaker's  London  Almanack,  with  some 
revisions. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


25 


CHART    OF    THE     HEAVENS. 


Scale  of  Magnitudes. 


Explanation :  The  chart  of  the  heavens  shows 
all  the  bright  stars  and  groups  visible  in  the 
United  States.  Canada.  Cuba  and  Hawaii.  Stars 
of  the  third  magnitude  are  sometimes  shown 
in  order  to  complete  a  figure. 

If  a  bright,  uncharted  body  be  seen  near 
the  "ecliptic  circle"  it  must  be  a  planet.  To 
locate  the  planets  or  moon  refer  to  the 
monthly  calendar  pages  in  this  almanac,  find 
the  proper  signs  on  the  chart  in  the  "ecliptic 
circle"  and  an  inspection  of  that  part  of  the 
heavens  comparing-  with  the  chart  will  serve 
to  identify  the  planet  and  all  surrounding  ob- 
jects. 

Because  of  the  earth's  motion  from  west  to 
east  (opposite  to  the  direction  of  the  arrow 
in  the  chart),  the  stars  rise  4  m.  earlier  each 
day  or  30  m.  per  week  or  2  hrs.  a  month. 
The  chart  shows  the  position  at  9  p.  m.  Then 


if  the  position  for  any  other  hour  be  desired, 
as  for  7  p.  m.,  oount  ahead  one  month,  or 
back  one  month  for  11  p.  m..  and  so  on  for 
any  hour  of  the  night,  holding  the  month  de- 
sired in  front  as  the  face  looks  either  to  the 
north  or  south  with  name  down. 

A  circle  described  from  the  zenith  on  the 
"zenith  circle"  for  the  desired  latitude  with  a 
radius  of  90  degrees  (see  graduated  meridian) 
will  show  what  stars  are  above  the  horizon. 
Thus  Capella  is  near  the  overhead  (zenith) 
point  on  latitude  40  degrees  north  Jan.  15, 
9  p.  m..  as  will  be  "big  dipper"  at  3  a.  m. 
Then  from  Capella  or  two  stars  all  the  sur- 
rounding visible  groups  can  be  identified.  The 
"pointers,"  being  5  degrees  apart  and  always 
in  sight,  may  be  used  as  a  convenient  unit  of 
measure:  also  when  visible,  the  "belt  of 
Orion."  3  degrees,  or  the  sides  of  the  "square 
of  Pegasus." 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920, 


POSITIONS    OF    THE    PRINCIPAL,    PLANETS,    1920. 


DAT. 


Jan.    1 

21 
Feb.  1 

11 

21 
Mch.  ] 

1] 


June2! 

11 

21 


21 

Oct.     I*?? 

21 


21 

Dec.    1 
11 


VENTS.  9 


Right 
ascen- 
sion. 


Hours. 
XV 

xvi 

XVI 

xvuiji 

¥1* 


IV 


IV* 

XVII& 
XVII1& 


XV 


xl 


xx 


North-  South- 
ern 
states. 


MARS.cJ1 


XXI 


Sets. 

Morn. 

344 


9  4{ 


JlJPITER.a 


Right 
ascen- 
sion. 


Hours. 


North 
era 

states 


55 


SATUKN.b 


Right 
ascen- 
sion. 


Hours. 


15 


Note^The  column  "Right  ascension"  shows 
the  position  of  the  planet  in  the  ecliptic  as  it 
moves  past  the  stars  and  corresponds  to  longi- 
tude on  the  earth.  Both  must  have  a  start- 
ing- point  and  longitude  is  reckoned  by  general 
•consent  from  Greenwich.  England,  while  right 
ascension  is  measured  from  the  first  point  of 
the  sign  Aries  (constellation  Pisces)  which 
the  prime  meridian  of  the  heavens,  connecting 
the  poles,  passes  through.  The  reader  will  see 
these  hours  from  0  to  24  laid  off  and  marked 


by  Roman  letters,  as  in  the  above  table,  in  the 
outer  space  on  the  Chart  of  the  Heavens. 

Example:  It  is  desired  to  locate  Saturn  on 
the  evening  of  June  11.  By  the  above  table 
it  will  be  seen  that  his  right  ascension  at  that 
time  is  1X^4  hours,  which  point  on  the  chart 
margin,  when  connected  by  a  straight  edge 
with  the  north  star,  cuts  the  ecliptic  circle 
about  10  degrees  west  of  the  brilliant  Regulus, 
in  the  end  of  the  handle  of  the  Sickle  in  Leo, 
which  will,  therefore,  be  just  above  Saturn. 


POSITIONS    OF    PLANETS    ON    SUNDAYS    OF    EACH    MONTH    IN    1920. 


PLANET. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

March 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec 

Venus.  1st  Sunday  

Con. 

Con 

Con. 

•C 

Con. 

Con. 

Con. 
# 

Con. 
x 

Con. 

• 

Con. 
W 

Con. 

Con. 
Tl 

Con. 

& 

Mars,  2d  Sunday 



1TP 

JP 

•5 

Jupiter,  3d  Sunday 

© 

T 

® 

@ 

© 

© 

® 

© 

ft 

ft 

ft    ' 

ft 

Saturn.  4th  Sunday   . 

0 

ft 

ft 

ft 

ft 

0 

ft 

ft 

ft 

ft 

Uranus,  5th  Sunday  

. 

- 

. 

MOON'S   POSITION    WITH   RESPECT    TO   THE    EARTH   AND    SUN   FOR    1920. 


Perigee  

4 

l-'>8 

24 

21 

19 

IB 

14 

12 

g 

4-30 

27 

26 

Apogee  

It! 

13 

12 

9 

g 

3-30 

27 

24 

20 

18 

15 

13 

Highest  o  

3-30 

27 

25 

21 

19 

15 

12 

g 

5 

2-30 

26 

24t 

Lowesty  

17 

13 

H 

8 

5 

1-28* 

26 

22 

19 

16 

12 

10 

Desc.  node  

3-29 

25 

23 

20 

17 

13 

11 

6 

3-30 

27 

94 

?1 

Asc.  node  

15 

11 

!) 

6 

3^iO 

26 

23 

19 

16 

12 

9 

6 

*Lowest  of  the  entire  year.  fHighest  of 
the  entire  year.  At  the  time  of  full  moon 
in  December  the  moon  will  be  57  degrees 
higher  up  from  the  southern  horizon  at  its 
meridian  passage  than  it  will  be  in  June  when 
full.  This  great  swing  of  our  luminary  of  the 
night  is  readily  understood  when  we  remember 
that  the  full  moon  must  always  be  on  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  earth  from  the  sun,  or  just 
180  degrees  from  the  sun.  Hence  when  the 
sun  is  highest  in  June,  that  full  moon  which 
falls  nearest  the  summer  solstice.  June  28,  will 


be  the  lowest,  which  this  year  is  June  5  or 
July  5  and  conversely  at  the  winter  solstice. 
Of  course,  these  conditions  will  be  reversed 
south  of  the  equator.  The  difference  in  the 
swing  from  lowest  to  highest  may  be  57  de- 
grees, the  inclination  of  the  sun's  apparent 
path  around  the  earth  being  23%  degrees, 
which,  being  multiplied  by  two  equals  47 
degrees.  Then,  the  inclination  of  the  moon's 
orbit  to  the  ecliptic  being  about  5  degrees, 
there  may  be  10  degrees  more  difference,  or 
57  degrees  in  all. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


SIDEREAL   NOON   OB   MERIDIAN    PASSAGE    OF    THE    VERNAL    EQUINOX. 

For  use  in  connection  with  star  table.     See  note  under  same. 


Day. 


H.M 


21.. 
22.. 
23.. 
24.. 


Jan.      Feb.     March.     April.      May.     June.    July.     Aug.       Sept. 


H.M. 


33 


55 


27 


Oct. 


Nov.      Dec. 


Note— Black    figures    are    p. 
subtract  2  minutes  after  that 


m.;    all 
date. 


others    a.    m.     Add   2   minutes   before   Feb.   29   and 


LIGHT    AND    DARK    OF    THE    MOON    IN    1930. 


Explanation:  The  small  divisions  are  of 
three  hours  each  and  each  month  shows  the 
relative  amount  of  moonlight  in  the  12 
hours  from  6  p.  m.  to  6  a.  m.  Allowance 
should  be  made  for  the  increase  of  days' 
length  in  summer  and  decrease  in  winter 


months.  Thus:  Jan.  1  the  moon  will  shine 
until  2:30  a.  m.:  all  night  on  5th;  after 
9  p.  m.  on  8th  and  9th;  after  midnight  on 
12th  and  13th;  after  3  a.  m.  on  loth  and 
not  at  all  the  20th.  Thus,  by  taking-  note 
where  the  "rising"  or  "setting"  lines  cross 


28 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


the  9  p.  m.,  3  a.  m.  lines  and  intermediate 
spaces  it  is  possible  to  know  the  approximate 
time  of  moon  rising1  or  setting1  for  any  date 
at  a  glance  without  going  to  the  calendar 


page.  Example:  Jan.  26  the  setting1  line 
indicates  that  the  moon  will  set  along  toward 
11  p.  m. 


VISIBILITY    OF    THE    PRINCIPAL    PLANETS,    1920. 


Jupiter  17    Saturn 


Morn  £v«  Morn     I       Eve 

tar  Star  Star  Star  Star 


Morn       I        Eve  Morn 

Star  Star  Star 


Explanation:  The  light  spaces  show  the  latter  part  of  June  and  first  part  of  July; 
approximate  time  and  extent  of  visibility  and,  Juniter  invisible  in  August  and  September, 
with  the  superior  planets,  the  degree  of  bril-  rising-  with  the  sun,  and  brightest  (180  de- 
liancy  also.  Thus  Venus  will  be  nearly  three  grees  from  the  sun)  the  first  of  February,  Bet- 
hours  west  of  the  sun  Jan.  1;  invisible  the  i  ting  at  sunrise — an  all  night  star. 


FACTS    ABOUT    THE 

The  sun's  surface  is  12,000  and  its  volume 
1.300.000  times  that  of  the  earth,  but  the 
mass  is  only  332,000  times  as  great  and  its 
density  about  one-quarter  that  of  the  earth. 
The  force  of  gravity  at  the  surface  of  the 
sun  is  twenty-seven  times  greater  than  that 
at  the  surface  of  the  earth.  The  sun  rotates 
on  its  axis  once  in  25.3  days  at  the  equator, 
but  the  time  is  longer  in  the  higher  latitudes, 
from  which  fact  it  is  presumed  that  the  sun 
is  not  solid,  at  least  as  to  its  surface. 

THE  EARTH  AND  THE  MOON. 

Earth— The  equatorial  diameter  of  the  earth 
is  7.926.5  miles  and  the  polar  diameter  7.899.5 
miles;  equatorial  circumference,  25.000.  The 
linear  velocity  of  the  rotation  of  the  earth  on 
its  axis  at  the  equator  is  24.840  miles  a  day, 
or  1.440  feet  a  second:  its  velocity  in  its  orbit 
around  the  sun  is  approximately  nineteen  miles 
a  spcond.  the  length  of  the  orbit  being  about 
560.000.000  miles.  The  superficial  area  of  the 
earth,  according  to  Encke,  the  astronomer,  is 
197.108.580  square  miles,  of  which  two-thirds 
is  water  and  one-third  land.  The  planetary 
mass  is  about  256,000.000  cubic  miles. 


SUN   AND    PLANETS. 

Moon — The  moon  has  a  diameter  of  2,162 
miles,  a  circumference  of  about  6.800  miles 
?nd  a  surface  area  of  14,685,000  square  miles. 
Her  mean  distance  from  the  earth  is  238.840 
miles.  The  volume  of  the  moon  is  about 
l-49th  that  of  the  earth  and  the  density  about 
3%  that  of  water.  The  time  from  new  moon 
to  new  moon  is  29  days  12  hours  44.05  min- 
utes. The  moon  has  no  atmosphere  and  no 
water  and  is  a  dead  world. 

Light  travels  at  the  rate  of  186,300  milea 
per  second.  It  requires  8  minutes  and  8  sec- 
onds for  light  to  come  from  the  sun  to  the 
earth. 

Diameter, 
miles. 


Name. 

Sun  866.400 

Mercury    3.030 

Venus    7.700 

Earth    7.918 

Mars    4.230 

Jupiter   86.500 

Saturn    73.000 

Uranus    31.900 

Neptune    34.800 


Dist.  from     Period  of 
sun,  miles,  rev.,  days. 


36,000.000 

a  7.200. 000 
2.900.000 
141.500000 
483.300  000 
886.000  000 
1.781,900.000 
2.791.600,000 


225 
365 

4-    *W^ 

10>59 
30.687 
60,181 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


THE    BRIGHTEST     STARS. 


NAME. 

Constellation 
or  group. 

Magni- 
tude, 
(v.:  va- 
riable.) 

Right 
ascension. 
Sidereal 
time. 

Declina- 
tion. 

For  upper 
meridian 
passage. 
Mn.  time. 

For    rising,  subtract. 
For  setting,  add.t 

For 

lat. 

30°  N. 

For 
lat. 
40°  N. 

For 

lat. 
50°  N. 

2.1 

1:1 
!i, 

2.2 
2.3 
2.2 

H 

1:! 

2.2 
2.1 
2.1v 
2.6 
2.6  v 
1.9 
3.1 
1.0 
0.1 
0.3 
1.8 
2.3 

fcf 

B 

2.0 
0.8 
2.0 
--1.4 
1.5 

11 

|:I 

i.'s 

1.6  V 
2.0 
2.2 
1.6 
2.8 
2.4 

5:5 
8:i 

2.9 
2.2 
2.3 
2.7 
2.9 
1.2 
2.8 
2.5 
0.1 
2.1 

B 

Ij 

2.9 
2.4 
1.9 
1.3 
2.5 
4.3 

H.    M. 

0     4 

8  i 

0   21 
0   35 
0    39 

?11 

11? 

1    34 
1    50 
1    58 
2     2 
2    14 

11 

3    18 
3    42 
4    31 
5    10 
5    10 
5    21 
5   27 
5    32 
6    36 
5    43 
5    50 
5    53 
6    22 
6    33 
6    41 
6    55 
7    29 
7    35 
7    40 
8    12 
9    23 
10     4 
10    42 
10    58 

11  M 

12    30 
13    20 
13    20 
13    57 
14    12 
14    33 
14    46 
14    51 
15    31 
15    40 
16     0 
16    24 
16    26 
17    64 

1113 

19    46 
20    13 
20    38 
21    16 
21    27 
21    40 
22    33 
22    53 
23     0 
23    35 

Deg.  Min. 

+28    86 
+58    40 
+14    41 
-43    19 

±88 

+60    14 

+59    46 
+88    50 
-57    41 
+20    22 
+41    54 
+23     3 
-3    26 
+  3    44 
+40    37 
+49    33 
+23    50 
+16    20 
+45    55 

+28    32 
-0    22 
—  1    15 
-34     8 
-9    42 
+  7    24 
+44    56 
^52    39 
+16   29 
—16    36 
-28    51 
+32     5 
+  5    27 
+28    15 
+  9    28 
—  8    16 
+12   25 
-59    13 
+62    14 
+15      4 
-62    36 
—22    54 
+£5    22 
-10    42 
-59    56 
+19   39 
-60   28 
15    40 

H.    M. 
0     3 
0     4 
0     8 
0   21 
0    35 
0    38 
0    50 

IS 

1    24 
1    34 
1    49 
1    57 
2      1 
2    13 
2   56 
3     0 
3    18 
3   41 
4    29 
6     9 
5     9 
5    19 
5    26 
5    30 
5   35 
5   42 
5    49 
5    51 
6    21 
6   31 
6    40 
6    54 
7    27 
7    33 
7    38 
8    10 
9   21 
10     1 
10   39 
10   56 
11    42 
12    19 
12    27 
13    18 
13    18 

14     9 
14    30 
14    43 
14    48 
15    28 
15    37 
15    67 
16    20 
16    23 
17    51 
18    30 
18    46 
19    43 
20     9 
20    35 
21    12 
21    23 
21    36 
21    58 
22    48 
22    56 
23    31 

H.  M. 

7    18 

H.  M. 

7    52 

H.  M: 

8    39 

Caph  
Algenlb  

Cassiopeia  
Pegasus.. 

6    39 
3    51* 
9    56 
5    20 

18. 

7    18 

4 

Alpna..  

Phoenix  

Bcnedlr  

Cassiopeia  
Cetus  (whale)     . 
Cassiopeia  
Andromeda.. 
Cassiopeia  
Ursa  Minor... 
Eridanus  
Aries  (ram)  T      . 
Andromeda.. 
Aries  T 

Dlphda  

4   63 

"V'M 

Gamma  

7    37 

8   29 

9   *8 

Polaris  

Achernar  

Bheratan  .  . 

1    37* 
6    54 
8     0 
7     1 
5    54 
6    12 

Is! 

7     3 

8    28 
5    45 
7    18 
6     2 
6     1 
4    30 
5    42 
6    22 
8    22 
2    46* 
6    44 
5    25 
4    51 
7    30 
6    17 
7    17 
6    27 
5    45 
6    34 
1     3* 

7    14 
9   21 
7    26 
5    51 
6   13 
9   10 

7   52 

Almaach  

Hamel  

1.? 

6   20 

Mlra   

Menkar  

Algol 

Cetus  . 

Marfak  

Perseus  
Taurus  (bull)^.. 
Taurus  V  
Auriga  

"7"29' 
6   68 
10    14 
5   31 
7    62 
6     2 
6     1 
3    37* 
5    26 
6    26 
9^53 

6*59 
5     1 

4     7 
8    11 
6    19 
7    50 
6    33 
5   31 
6    44 
* 

8   13 
7   28 

'  '6  '27 
8   49 
6     3 

6     1 

283* 

13 

Aldebaran  
Capella  
Rigel  

SI  Nath  

intaka  
AINilam  

Phaet 

Orion  
Orion  
Columba  (dove).  . 
Orion  
Orion  

Salph  
Betelgeuse  
Menkalina  

Canopus  
Alhena  

Argus  
Gemini  (twins)M 
Canis  Major  
Canis  Major  
Gemini  H 

) 

7    27 

!8 

7     4 

* 

Sirius..         

Adbara          

Castor  

Procvon  .. 

Canis  Minor  
Gemini  H  
Cancer  (crab)  8. 
Hydra 

Pollux  
Beta  

Alphard                 . 

Regulus         . 

Leo  (lion)  fl  

Bta 

Dubhe          

Denebola  

Leo  P 

6    41 
1     0* 
5     9 

6^54 
4   35 

7^18 

4   18 

Acrux  .  , 

Southern  Cross.. 
Corvus  (crow).... 
Ursa  Major  
Virgo  (virgin)  up 
Centaurus  

Beta.... 

Mizar 

5    40 
1     9* 
6    42 
0    52* 
5    27 

5  ,23 

7    12 

* 

5     4 

5   13 

* 

?    45 

* 

4   47 

Agena  ,  

Arc  t  ur  us     .  .           . 

Bengula      . 

Centaurus  
Libra  (scales)  «*. 
Ursa  Minor  
Northern  Crown. 
Serpent  Bearer.. 
Scorpion  ni  

Alpha  

Kochab...  . 

+74    31 

,+  6    42 
-19    34 
-26    14 
+21    41 
+51    30 
+38    42 

Alpha..., 

7    13 
6    20 
5    16 
4    58 
6    58 
9     8 
7    52 
4    58 
6    24 
5    35 
8    22 

7    44 
6    23 
4    54 
4    20 
7    20 

8   84 
6    35 
4    24 
3   43 
7   57 

Unuk  

Beta  

Antares 

Rutilicus 

Hercules  

Etaruin  

Vega  

Lyra  

8    54 
4'  19 
6    30 
5    19 
9    56 

10   52 
*3   38 
6    45 

4   56 

Delta  
Altair  

Alpha 

Sagittarius  ;?.... 
Eagle  
Capricorn^  
8ygnus  (swan)... 
ephus  
Aquarius  -  

—26    25 
+  8    38 
—12    49 

Deneb  
Alderamin  
Beta  

+44    58 
+62    13 

+  9    28 
^47    24 
-30     6 
+14    44 
+  59 

5    41 

6    26 
8    26* 
4    46 
6    39 
6    16 

5    43 
6    33 
1    21* 
4     0 
6    52 
6    17 

5    85 
6  ,50 

3    11 
7    18 
6    28 

Bni,... 

Alpha  

The  Crane  
Pisces  Australia. 
Pegasus  
Pisc«  s  x  

Fomalhaut 

Markab  
Iota  

Explanation:  By  the  absolute  scale  of  mag- 
nitudes stars  brighter  than  Aldebaran  and 
Altair  are  indicated  by  fractional  or  negative 
quantities:  thus  Vega  0.2  and  Sirius  —1.4. 
As  the  magnitudes  increase  the  brilliancy  de- 
creases, each  increase  of  a  unit  being-  equal 
to  a  decrease  of  about  two  and  one-half  in 
brightness. 

To  ascertain  when  any  star  or  constellation 
wilJ  be  on  the  upper  meridian  add  the  number 
opposite  in  the  column  "For  Meridian  Passage" 
to  the  figures  in  the  table  on  the  previous  page. 


"Sidereal  Noon,"  taking-  note  whether  such 
figures  be  "Morn."  or  "Eve."  If  "Morn."  and 
the  sum  is  more  than  12h.  the  result  will  be 
Eve.  of  same  day;  if  ">Eve."  and  the  sum  ia 
more  than  12h.  the  result  will  be  Morn,  of  the 
next  day.  Having  found  the  time  of  meridian 
passage,  for  the  rising-  subtract  and  for  the 
setting  add  the  numbers  opposite  the  star  in 
the  column  headed  "For  Rasing  and  Setting" 
and  observe  the  direction!  as  to  Morn,  and 
Eve.  given  for  the  meridian  passage.  Those 
marked  in  the  last  columns  are  cir- 


30 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920* 


cumpolar.  Stars  having-  an  asterisk  (*)  in 
the  last  columns  are  to  be  seen  only  in  the 
far  south  and  then  when  near  the  meridian, 
as  the  vapors  of  the  horizon  will  prevent 
seeing1  them  when  they  rise  or  set.  To  tell 
how  high  up  from  the  nearest  P9int  of  the 
horizon  a  star  will  be  at  its  meridian  passage 
subtract  the  star's  declination  from  90°  and  if 
the  result  is  less  than  the  latitude  of  the  place 
of  the  observer  that  star  will  neither  rise  nor 
set.  but  is  circumpolar,  and  the  difference  be- 
tween that  result  and  the  latitude  shows  the 
star's  altitude  above  the  north  point  of  the 
horizon  or  below  the  southern  horizon.  Or 
(90°— dec.)— lat.=alt.  or  elevation  of  the  star 
above  the  nearest  point  of  the  horizon  at 
meridian  passage  for  stars  of  a  southern 
declination.  Examples: 
Sidereal  noon,  Oct.  30,  9 :27  p.  m. 

Fomalhaut  "In Merid  "col..  22:48 
32:15 
Subtract,  24:00 

8 :15  P.  m.  of  31st. 
time  of  merid- 
ian passage. 


Fomalhaut  ris.  &  set,  col,  add   4 :00  f  or  lat.  40°  N. 

12:15=0:15  a.  m. 

of  Nov.  1,  the 

time  of  setting-. 

Fomalhaut,  dec.  30°  S.  90°  —  30°  =  60°.  — 
40°  =  20°.  altitude  of  Fomalhaut  in  latitude 
40°  at  its  meridian  passage.  To  measure 
celestial  distances  with  the  eye  keep  in  mind 
that  one-third  of  the  distance  from  the  zenith 
to  the  horizon  is  30°.  For  smaller  measure- 
ments use  the  belt  of  Orion,  3°  long-  or  the 
sides  of  the  square  of  Pegasus;  the  "pointers" 
in  the  "big  dipper,"  which  are  nearly  5°  apart 
—a  convenient  celestial  yardstick  because 
always  to  be  seen.  In  the  case  of  a  star 
whpse  dec.  is  such  as  to  bring-  it  nearer  to  the 
zenith  than  to  a  horizon  at  meridian  passage 
it  will  be  more  convenient  to  use  its  zenith 
distance  as  a  means  of  locating  it.  The  dif- 
ference between  the  latitude  and  dec.  is  this 
zenith  distance.  If  the  dec.  is  greater  than 
the  latitude  then  such  distance  is  to  be  counted 
northward,  otherwise  southward  from  the 
zenith. 


ECLIPSES   IN    1920. 

There    will   be   four  eclipses   this   year— two       III.    Total  of  the  moon  Oct.  27.  visible  in  the 


of  the  sun  and  two  of  the  moon,  as  fpllows: 

I.  Total  of  the  moon  May  2,  visible  in 
eastern  North  America,  the  moon  rising  more 
or  less  eclipsed  east  of  the  Mississippi  river 
states  and  east  of  Manitoba  in  Canada.  Vis- 
ible in  South  America  and  West  Indies.  More 
particularly  as  follows: 


NORTH 


£AST 


ECLIPSE  OF   MOON,   MAY   2.   1C20. 


Wash. 

Mean 

time. 

(See  fig.) 

Partial  begins (1) 

Total  begins (2) 

Middle   (3) 

Total  ends (4) 

Partial  ends (5) 

II.    Partial  of  the  sun  May  17, 

in  Australia  and  South  Pacific. 


p.  m. 
6:53 
8:07 
8:43 
9:19 
10:33 


Cen- 
tral 
time. 
P.m. 
6:01 
7:15 
7:51 
8:27 
9:41 
visible  only 


ern 
time. 

p.m. 
7:01 
8:15 
8:51 
9:27 

10:41 


Pacific  states,  where  the  moon  will  set  about 
the  time  of  totality.  More  particularly  as 
follows : 


WORTH 


ECLIPSE    OF    MOON.    OCT.   27.    1920. 


Mountain 
(See  fig.)        time. 
Partial  begins  .....  (1)      5:26a.m. 

Total  begins  .......  (2)      6  :29  a.  m. 

Middle   ...........  (3)      7:11  a.m. 

Total  ends  .........  (4)      7:54  a.m. 


Pacific 

time 

4:26a'm 
5  :29  a!  m! 
6:11  a.m. 
6:54  a.m. 


IV.  Partial  of  the  sun  Nov.  10.  The  sun 
will  rise  with  the  eclipse  on  in  Montana. 
Idaho,  north  Wyoming  and  east  Washington: 
also  in  Canada,  in  Saskatchewan,  Alberta  and 
Eastern  British  Columbia  and  western  Mani- 
toba. No  portion  of  the  eclipse  will  be  visi- 
ble south  of  a  line  from  Boise.  Idaho,  through 
Denver,  Guthrie,  Jackson,  Cedar  Keys  and  Mel- 
bourne. Fla.  The  eclipse  will  be  upon  the 
sun's  northern  limb. 


St.  John.  N.  B 10:02  a.m. 

Fredericton,   N.   B 10:03  a.m. 

Quebec   8:57  a.m. 

Montreal 8 :56  a.  m. 

Ottawa   8:55  a.m. 

Toronto 8 :54  a.  m. 

Winnipeg- 7 :47  a.  m. 

New  York 8:59  a.  m. 

Boston 9:00  a.m. 

Philadelphia    8 :59  a.  m. 

Washington 9:00  a.m. 

Charleston   9 :17  a.  m. 

Cleveland 7 :55  a.  m. 

Detroit    7:54  a.m. 

Chicago 7:55  a.m. 

Kansas  City. 8:05  a. m. 


Middle.        Size,  pet. 

11:26  a.  m. 

.45 

11:22  a.m. 

.46 

10:14  a.m. 

.44 

10:09  a.  m. 

.40 

10:05  a.  m. 

.37 

10:00  a.m. 

.30 

8:41  a.m. 

10:08  a.  m. 

33 

10:14  a.  m. 

.*38 

10:06  a.  m. 

.30 

10  -02  a.m. 

.26 

9:58  a.  m. 

.10 

8:55  a.m. 

.26 

8  :53  a.  m. 

.25 

8  :47  a.  m. 

.20 

8  :38  a.  m. 

.08 

Ends. 

0:50  p.  m. 

0:45  p.m. 
11 :33  a.  m. 
11:18  a.m. 
11:16  a.m. 
11:08  a.m. 

9:37  a.m. 
11:22  a.m. 
11:30  a.m. 
11:17  a.m. 
11:09  a.m. 
10:37  a.m. 
10:00  a.  m. 

9:55  a.m. 

9 :43  a.  m. 

9:12  a.m. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


STORY    OF    OUR    WORLD    FAMILY   FOR    1920. 


THE  SUN— The  marked  changes  in  the  char- 
acter of  the  seasons  have  given  rise  to  suspi- 
cion of  variation  in  radiation  of  solar  heat, 
according1  to  number  and  size  of  sun  spots  or 
openings  in  heat  envelope  of  the  sun.  This  is 
only  partially  true,  as  other  influences,  also 
exterior  to  the  earth,  combine  with  the  sun 
to  affect  the  weather  conditions. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  sun  is  about 
three  times  the  greatest  artificial  heat  ever 
produced,  or  12,000  degrees  Fahrenheit — suffi- 
cient to  melt  an  envelope  of  ice  about  the  sun. 
64  feet  in  thickness,  in  one  minute.  This  is 
largely  wasted  as  to  the  earth,  for  it  is  radi- 
ated in  all  directions  alike.  What  a  small  part 
reaches  our  outermost  member.  2.800.000.000 
miles  away!  Then.  too.  the  sun  must  energize 
all  bodies  within  that  great  circle.  Of  the  grand 
total  output  of  solar  energy  our  little  speck 
of  dirt,  the  earth,  receives  sufficient  to  raise 
100  tons  a  mile  for  every  square  foot  of  sur- 
face, the  total  being-  130.000  horse  power  for 
a  square  meter  of  surface.  Think  of  the  con- 
sequences if  this  great  power  and  light  plant 
should  meet  with  disaster — collide  with  some 
other  body,  as  has  doubtless  been  the  case 
repeatedly  with  other  suns  or  stars  1  The 
most  recent  case  was  first  made  known  to  us 
about  June  8.  1918— in  the  great  "new  star" 
that  suddenly  blazed  out  in  the  Eagle.  This 
was  not  a  "new  star."  but  it  was  known  as 
one  of  the  very  dimmest.  Within  a  very  lew 
days  it  grew  to  be  the  brightest  in  the 
heavens  and  then  slowly  faded,  being  at  this 
writing  barely  visible  to  the  best  eyes  when 
seeking  it  under  the  most  favorable  condi- 
tions. Thus,  a  sun— a  world— burned  up  and 
only  its  darkened  embers  left,  and  the  news 
has  been  en  route  to  us  at  the  speed  of 
186.000  miles  per  second,  perhaps  since  the 
birth  of  pur  Saviour.  Perhaps  a  whole  solar 
system,  like  ours,  with  its  peopled  planets, 
went  back  to  a  nebulous  mass  under  the  great 
heat  generated  by  the  impact. 

No  startling  discoveries  resulted  from  the 
total  eclipse  of  June  8.  1918. 

MERCURY— This,  the  youngest  of  our  planet 
family,  is  so  difficult  to  see.  being  lost  in  the 
overpowering  light  of  the  sun  most  of  the 
time,  that  it  is  necessary  to  direct  attention 
to  the  special  time  and  place  to  seek  him. 
See  under  "Planets  Brightest." 

When  caught,  his  size  and  beauty  are  very 
striking,  and  well  worth  the  special  effort 
usually  necessary.  At  the  time  of  his  fall 
elongation.  Oct.  25  to  Nov.  2.  when  an  eve- 
ning star,  he  will  be  just  south  of  the  second 
magnitude  star.  Beta  Scorpii.  and  brighter 
than  the  star,  and  shining  with  a  steadier 
light.  As  no  moon  is  known  to  accompany 
this  planet  or  Venus,  it  is  impossible  •  to  de- 
termine the  length  of  their  day,  except  by 
watching  surface  markings,  which  in  this 
planet  appear  stationary,  indicating  the  same 
length  of  day  and  year,  which  keeps  one 
hemisphere  of  the  planet  in  perpetual  darkness 
and  arctic  coldness. 

VENUS — Our  childless  twin  sister,  usually 
bright  and  glorious  twice  each  year,  will  re- 
main in  partial  seclusion  and  not  appear  in 
full  beauty  within  the  year,  but  may  be  best 
seen  in  January  and  December.  See  "The 
Chart  of  the  Planets."  Neither  will  she  reach 
a  crescent  phase,  but  will  be  slightly  gibbous 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  the  year.  Ob- 
servations indicate  the  presence  of  a  far  greater 
and  denser  atmospheric  envelope  than  sur- 
rounds the  earth  as  a  protection  from  the 
greater  light  and  heat  of  the  sun:  also  greater 
mountain  elevations  than  with  us. 

Her  visible  itinerary  among  the  stars  will 
be  as  follows:  In  Eastern  Libra  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year,  passing  into  Scorpio  Jan. 
B.  being  cbout  1  degree  north  of  the  bright 


star.  Beta  Scorpii.  and  on  the  10th  7  de- 
grees north  of  Antares.  the  noted  red  star. 
She  will  be  occulted  by  the  moon  on  the  17th 
of  January  in  southern  latitudes,  but  north  of 
the  13th  parallel  of  latitude  they  will  be 
very  close,  the  planet  being  just  north  of  the 
moon,  making  a  pretty  sight  to  early  risers; 
enters  Sagittarius  on  the  29th,  and  during  the 
first  ten  days  of  February  will  be  passing 
just  above  the  Milkmaid's  Dipper,  rising  about 
5  a.  m..  and  enters  Aries,  just  below  the 
three  stars  in  the  horn  of  the  Ram  that  mark 
the  constellation,  the  last  of  February,  while 
to  the  north  of  her  will  shine  the  glorious 
stars  of  the  Eagle.  Swan,  Dolphin  and  Harp. 
She  enters  Aquarius  the  middle  of  March, 
with  the  moon  G  degrees  south  of  her  on 
the  18th.  being  only  21  minutes  south  of 
Uranus  on  the  21st.  She  will  cross  the  prime 
meridian  of  the  heavens  April  11.  entering 
Pisces,  and  will  have  traversed  Aries  by  May 
5,  growing  very  much  dimmer  as  she  ap- 
proaches her  superior  conjunction  with  the 
sun  July  3,  but  she  may  be  comfortably  ob- 
served when  between  the  Hyades  and  Pleiades, 
the  latter  part  of  May.  Prior  to  July  she  was 
decreasing  in  brightness,  because  receding  from 
us  and  after  her  superior  conjunction  with  the 
sun.  July  3.  she  will  increase  in  brilliancy  the 
remainder  of  the  year,  though  less  and  less  of 
her  illuminated  hemisphere  will  be  visible  td 
us.  The  middle  and  latter  part  of  July  she 
will  be  just  south  of  Castor  and  Pollux  aa 
she  comes  again  into  view,  but  in  the  eve- 
ning twilight  sky,  being  6  degrees  north  of  the 
moon  July  16  and  1  degree  19  minutes  north 
of  Neptune  July  27.  in  Cancer,  close  to  the 
Praesepe  cluster.  On  the  8th  of  August  she  will 
be  in  close  conjunction  with  Jupiter  and  two  daya 
later  will  pass  1  degree  north  of  the  bril- 
liant Regulus  in  the  Sickle  of  Leo.  This  will 
make  a,  superbly  magnificent  quartet  of  celes- 
tial brilliants  about  a  half  hour  after  sun- 
set. She  crosses  the  equinoctial  colure  into 
Virgo  early  in  September,  being  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Spica  Virginis  Sept.  22-23  and  only 
about  2  degrees  north  of  the  star,  setting- 
about  one  hour  after  the  sun.  She  passes 
about  1  degree  south  of  the  moon  Oct.  14th. 
Toward  the  last  of  October  she  will  get 
around  in  Scorpio,  where  she  was  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year,  and  about  3  degrees 
north  of  Antares.  having  made  the  full  cir- 
cuit of  the  heavens:  5  degrees  south  of  the 
moon  Nov.  14.  and  the  last  ten  days  of  No- 
vember she  will  again  pass  close  to  and  above 
the  Milkmaid's  Dipper;  7  degrees  south  of  the 
moon  Dec.  14,  and  ends  the  year  in  the  last 
of  Capricornus,  10  degrees  south  of  the  Y  in 
Aquarius,  setting  about  8  p.  m.,  when  very 
bright  and  attractive. 

MARS  will  be  conspicuous  the  entire  year. 
rising  about  midnight  at  first:  passes  the 
meridian  near  midnight  when  brightest  and 
nearest  to  the  earth  in  April,  setting  near 
midnight  in  July  and  about  8  p.  m.  at  the 
close  of  the  year.  His  movement  past  the 
stars  will,  of  course,  be  clower  than  that  of 
Venus.  At  the  beginning-  of  the  year  he  will 
be  moving  eastward  in  Virgo,  and  on  Jan.  10 
he  will  be  only  4  degrees  north  of  Spica.  and 
5  degrees  north  of  the  moon  on  the  13th; 
enters  Libra  Feb.  1  and  4  degrees  north  of 
the  moon  on  the  10th.  becoming  stationary  the 
middle  of  March  in  Libra,  and  then  retro- 
grades, or  moves  backward,  until  the  first  of 
June,  when  he  will  be  again  stationary  and 
about  2  degrees  north  of  Spica.  after  which 
he  will  again  advance  to  the  end  of  the  year. 
He  enters  Libra  the  last  of  July  and 
Scorpio  early  in  September,  passing  3  degrees 
north  of  Antares  on  the  15th;  enters  Sagitta- 
rius Oct.  18.  moves  along  just  above  the 
Milkmaid's  Dipper  and  into  Capricornus  about 
Dec.  1.  ending  the  year  near  the  beginning  ol 


'32 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Aquarius,  10  degrees  south  of  the  Y,  hav- 
ing been  in  conjunction  with  the  moon  as 
follows:  Jan.  13,  Feb.  10.  March  9,  April  5. 
May  1  and  28.  June  25.  July  23.  Aug.  20, 
Sept.  18,  Oct.  17.  Nov.  15  and  Dec.  15.  At 
the  end  of  the  year  he  will  be  only  4  degrees 
east  of  Venus. 

It  is  quite  possible  that  the  inhabitants  of 
Mars  may  be  great  aviators,  far  surpassing 
anything  ever  attempted  by  the  most  daring 
of  our  airmen  here.  This  would  be  reason- 
able, as  the  force  of  gravity  there  is  only 
about  one-third  what  it  is  here,  and  a  person 
of  180  pounds  would  weigh  only  60  pounds 
there,  and  if  able  to  jump  ten  feet  here  he 
could  do  thirty  there.  So  if  the  inhabitants 
of  the  earth  and  Mars  ever  meet  the  Martians 
will  undoubtedly  call  first. 

ASTEROIDS— Several  hundred  of  these  baby 
planets  come  between  the  orbits  of  Mars  and 
Jupiter,  possible  remains  of  a  shattered  planet. 
Only  two  of  them  are  sufficiently  large  ever  to 
be  seen,  except  with  telescopic  aid.  An  inhab- 
itant of  the  earth  transported  to  one  of  them 
could  go  at  express  train  speed  around  it  in 
a  few  hours. 

JUPITER— We  called  attention,  in  our  story 
for  1919.  to  the  gradual  approach  of  this 
planet  to  Saturn,  which  process  will  continue 
through  1920.  until  in  December  they  will  be 
separated  Vy  only  23  minutes  of  arc  or  about 
6  degrees,  and  they  will  be  in  conjunction  in 
1921.  Jupiter  will  be  1  degree  north  of  Neptune 
March  13  in  Cancer  about  8  degrees  east  of 
the  Praesepe  cluster,  affording  a  good  oppor- 
tunity to  locate  our  most  distant  planet, 
using  a  small  telescope  or  good  field  glass, 
and  if  a  dim  star  is  seen  in  the  place  indicated 
the  observer  may  feel  certain  of  having  seen 
Neptnne.  The  eye  may  be  used  in  determin- 
ing the  distance  apart,  remembering  that  the 
Kings  in  Orion  are  1%  degrees  apart.  The  four 
largest  moons  and  belts  may  be  seen  by  the 


aid  of  a  small  homemade  telescope,  purchas- 
ing only  the  lenses,  which  will  cost  but  a  very 
small  sum,  and  using  mailing  tubes  of  different 
sizes  for  the  body.  Such  a  glass,  with  only 
1%  inch  objective,  will  afford  great  pleasure 
in  becoming  acquainted  with  the  various  mem- 
bers of  our  family  of  worlds  as  well  as  in 
other  fields  of  study,  bringing  out  the  phases 
of  Venus,  mountains,  craters,  etc.,  of  the 
moon,  double  stars,  nebulae,  etc. 

THE  MOON  will  pass  about  6  degrees  to  the 
south  of  Jupiter  each  month,  as  follows:  Jan. 
8,  Feb.  4.  March  2  and  29,  April  25.  May  23. 
June  20.  July  17.  Sept.  11.  Oct.  9,  Nov.  5 
and  Dec.  3.  He  will  be  too  near  the  sun 
for  observation  in  July,  August  and  Sep- 
tember. 

SATURN  will  be  very  attractive  up  to 
August  and  again  in  November  and  December, 
being  brightest  the  last  of  February,  when 
rising  about  sunset:  an  evening  star  until 
Aug.  22,  a  morninff  star  to  Dec.  10,  and  then 
an  evening  star  the  rest  of  the  year,  being 
in  conjunction  with  the  sun  Sept.  7,  and 
therefore  nearly  or  quite  invisible  for  several 
weeks  before  and  after  that  date,  and  only 
poorly  visible  for  a  much  longer  period.  He 
is  still  in  Leo  and  near  the  middle  of  that 
constellation,  and  his  rings  will  hardly  be  visi- 
ble, as  they  are  due  to  disappear  early  next 
year.  They  were  to  be  best  seen  in  1914.  and 
will  not  be  again  attractive  until  1928-29.  The 
moon  will  pass  about  7  degrees  to  the  south 
of  him  Jan.  10.  Feb.  6.  March  4  and  31. 
April  27.  May  25,  June  21.  July  19.  Nov.  6 
and  Dec.  3.  He  will  be  a  dim  or  invisible 
object  in  August,  September  and  October. 

URANUS  will  be  brightest  in  August  and 
September. 

NEPTUNE  will  be  brightest  in  January  and 
February. 

See  under  Venus  and  Jupiter  for  favorable 
opportunities  to  catch  these  dim  planets. 


SIGNS  AND  CONSTELLATIONS  OF  THE  ZODIAC. 


Until  recently  It  was  taken  for  granted  that 
the  present  relationship  between  signs  and  con- 
stellations of  the  zodiac  was  generally  under- 
stood, as  all  astronomical  textbooks  mention 
their  diagreement  rnd  explain  the  cause.  The 
numerous  letters  of  inquiry  concerning  differ- 
ences between  the  data  in  this  almanac  and 
certain  others  show  the  necessity  for  this  note 
of  explanation.  (Both  sign  and  constellation 
now  given.) 

Thousands  of  years  ago  when  the  zodiac, 
that  belt  of  the  heavens  about  16°  in  width 
within  which  move  tho  moon  and  planets,  was 
formed  find  divided  into  twelve  parts  or  sea- 
Bons  called  signs,  each  containing  certain  star 
groups  called  constellations,  each  was  given 
the  name  of  an  o1  j~ct  or  animal  which  never 
did  bear  any  relationship  to  the  configuration 
of  the  stars  in  that  group  or  division,  but 
which  did  or  is  supposed  to  have  reference 
to  certain  astronomical  or  other  facts.  Thus 
Libra  »=.  the  scales  or  balance,  comes  at  the 
autumnal  equinox  when  there  is  an  equi- 
librium or  bain  nee  between  the  length  of 
day  and  night  the  world  over.  Aquarius  -, 
the  water-bearer,  whose  sign  is  the  Egyptian 
sign  for  running  water,  comes  at  the  season 
of  greatest  rains  in  Egypt,  and  so  on. 


Since  the  time  when  these  divisions  were 
made  and  named,  owing  to  the  precession  of 
the  equinoxes,  resulting  from  the  differing 
polar  and  equatorial  diameters  of  the  earth, 
the  signs  have  moved  back  west  nearly  a 
whole  division  or  constellation  and  where  r 
was  the  first,  X  now  Is.  Hence,  though  the 
eun  now  enters  the  sign  T  March  20.  it  is 
a  month  later  when  he  enters  the  constellation 
T.  It  must  be  apparent,  therefore,  that  any 
supposed  influence  or  relationship  which  early 
astrologers  attributed  to  the  position  of  the 
sun,  moon  or  planets  when  in  certain  of  these 
dvisions  cnn  no  longer  exist,  as  the  sign  now 
only  represents  that  space  or  division  of  the 
zodinc  where  the  controlling  constellation  was 
2.000  or  more  years  ago,  but  is  not  now. 
Nevertheless,  some  almanacs  still  give  the 
signs  for  the  moon's  place,  which  is  very  mis- 
leading to  those  who  attempt  to  follow  her 
in  her  course  among  the  stars.  Hence,  this 
almanac  givos  both  and  discards  the  ancient 
picture  of  the  disemboweled  man  as  a  relic 
of  the  pge  of  superstition.  The  sign  is  re- 
tained for  sun's  place  in  connection  with  the 
seasons  and  snn's  pnth  through  the  zodiac 
each  month  because  of  its  relationship  to  the 
equinoxes  and  solstices. 


COAST     LINE    OF    THE     UNITED    STATES. 

In  nautical  miles. 


Atlantic  coast  .................  ..   1.773 

Gulf  coast  ..........................  1  607 


Rico 


209 


Porto 

Pacific  coast  .............................  1.571 

Alaska  ................................  4,123 

Hawaiian  islands  .........................  628 

Guam  ................................  80 

Midway  ...............................  20 


Samoan  islands ,.'.T        83 

Northern  lakes  and  rivers 3.041 

Western  rivers 4.34  \ 

Total   .                                                         .  .17,539 
Philippines   .11.444 

Grand  total...  , .28,983 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920, 


TIME    AND     STANDARDS    OF    TIME. 


Various  kinds  of  time  are  in  use  in  this 
country : 

1.  Astronomical  Time  or  Mean  Solar  Time— 
This    is    reckoned     from     noon     through     the 
twenty-four    hours    of    the    day    and    is    used 
mainly    by    astronomical    observatories    and   in 
official    astronomical    publications.      It    is    the 
legal  time  of  the  dominion  of  Canada,  though 
"standard"    and    "mean"    time    are   in   general 
use  there  as  in  this  country. 

2.  Mean  Local  Time— This  is  the  kind  that 
was  in   almost   universal   use   prior  to  the  in- 
troduction  of   standard   time.      This  time  was 
based    upon    the    time    when    the    mean    sun 
crosses   the   meridian,    and    the   day   begins   at 
midnight.      When  divided  into  civil  divisions — 
years,    months,    weeks,   days,    etc.— it  is   some- 
times called  civil  time. 

Owing  to  the  eccentricity  of  the  earth's 
orbit  and  the  inclination  of  the  equator  to  the 
ecliptic,  the  apparent  motion  of  the  sun  is 
retarded  or  accelerated  according  to  the  earth's 
place  in  its  orbit.  Hence,  to  take  the  actual 
sun  as  a  guide  would  necessitate  years,  days 


coast  and  an  irregular  line  drawn  from  Buffalo 
to  Charleston.  S.  C.,  the  latter  city  being  its 
southernmost  point.  The  second  or  central 
section  included  all  the  territory  between  this 
eastern  line  and  another  irregular  line  extend- 
ing from  Bismarck,  N.  D.,  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Rio  Grande.  The  third  or  mountain  section  in- 
cluded all  the  territory  between  the  last  named 
line  and  nearly  the  western  borders  of  Idaho, 
Nevada  and  Arizona.  The  fourth  or  Pacific 
section  included  all  the  territory  of  the  United 
States  between  the  boundary  of  the  mountain 
section  and  the  Pacific  coast.  Inside  of  each 
of  these  sections  standard  time  was  uniform 
and  the  time  of  each  section  differed  from  that 
next  to  it  by  exactly  one  hour. 

In  March,  1918,  the  congress  of  the  United 
States,  in  passing  the  "daylight  saving"  law. 
divided  the  territory  of  continental  United 
States  into  five  zones.  The  standard  time  of 
the  first  four  zones  was  based  on  the  same 
degrees  of  longitude  as  under  the  old  railroad 
agreement.  The  fifth  zone  established  included 
only  Alaska,  and  its  standard  time  was  based 


STANDARD  TIME  ZONES  AS  FIXED  BY  INTERSTATE  COMMERCE  COMMISSION, 
and  their  subdivisions  of  unequal  length. 
Therefore  an  imaginary  or  "mean  sun"  was 
invented.  The  difference  between  apparent 
and  mean  time  is  called  the  "equation  of 
time"  and  may  amount  to  a  quarter  of  an 
hour  in  twenty-four  hours.  It  is  the  differ- 
ence between  the  figures  in  "Sun  at  noon 
mark"  column  in  calendar  and  twelve  hours. 
The  figures  on  a  correct  sun  dial  give  the  ap- 
parent time. 

3.  Standard  Time — For  the  convenience  of 
the  railroads  and  business  in  general  a  stand- 
ard of  time  was  established  by  mutual  agree- 


ment in  1883  and  by  this  calculation  trains 
were  run  and  local  time  was  regulated.  By 
this  system  the  United  States,  extending  from 
65°  to  125°  west  longitude,  was  divided  into 
four  time  sections,  each'of  15°  of  longitude, 
exactly  equivalent  to  one  hour  (7V2°  or  30m. 
on  each  side  of  a  meridian),  commencing  with 
the  75th  meridian.  The  first  or  eastern  sec- 
tion included  all  territory  between  the  Atlantic 


on  the  150th  degree  of  longitude.  In  August. 
1919,  the  section  of  the  law  providing  for 
"daylight  saving"  was  repealed,  but  the  part 
giving  the  interstate  commerce  commission 
power  to  fix  the  limits  of  the  time  zones  was 
left  intact. 
The  new  time  zones  as  defined  by  the  inter- 


state commerce  commission  became  effective 
Jan.  1,  1919.  They  have  been  slightly  modi- 
fied since  then  and  are  subject  to  further 
modifications  from  time  to  time.  Standard 
time  by  law  governs  the  movements  of  rail- 
roads and  other  common  carriers  engaged  in 
interstate  commerce.  In  all  statutes,  orders, 
rules  and  regulations  relating  to  the  time  of 
performance  of  any  act  by  any  officer  or  de- 
partment of  the  United  States,  whether  in  the 
legislative,  executive,  or  judicial  branch  of 
the  government,  or  relating  to  the  time  within 
which  any  rights  shall  accrue  or  determine, 
or  within  which  any  act  shall  or  shall  not  be 


34 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


performed  by  any  person  subject  to  the  juris- 
diction of  the  United  States,  it  shall  be  under- 
stood and  intended  that  the  time  shall  be  the 
United  States  standard  time  of  the  zone  within 
which  the  act  is  to  be  performed. 

EASTERN-CENTRAL  BOUNDARY  LINE. 

The  boundary  line  between  the  eastern  and 
central  time  zones  as  fixed  by  the  commission 
runs  from  east  of  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  along 
the  international  boundary  line  through  the 
St.  Clair  river.  Lake  St.  Clair.  Detroit  river 
and  then  runs  in  a  southerly  direction  to 
Sandusky.  Bellevue,  Monroeville,  Willard.  Shel- 
by Junction,  Mansfield  and  Columbus.  OhicT; 
Huntington,  Kenova  and  Williamson,  W.  Va.; 
Duncannon,  Va.;  Bristol,  Va.-Tenn.:  Telford, 
Tenn.:  Asheville  and  Franklin,  N.  C.:  Atlanta. 
McDonough,  Macon,  Perry,  Americus.  Albany 
and  Thomasville.  Ga.:  the  north  boundary  of 
Florida  to  River  Junction  and  the  Apalachi- 
cola river  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  following  named  municipalities  located 
upon  the  boundary  line  between  the  eastern 
and  central  time  zones  are  considered  as  with- 
in the  United  States  standard  eastern  zone; 
Fremont,  Clyde.  Bellevue,  Monroeville.  Willard. 
Shelby,  Shelby  Junction,  Galion,  Lancaster. 
Dundas,  and  Gallipolis,  Ohio:  Duncannon,  Va.: 
Bristol.  Va.-Tenn.:  Asheville  and  Franklin.  N. 
C.:  points  on  Southern  railway,  McDonough, 
Ga..  to  Macon.  Ga.;  Perry.  Albany  and  Thomas- 
ville, Ga.:  Apalachicola.  Fla. 

All  other  municipalities  located  upon  the 
boundary  line  between  the  eastern  and  central 
time  zones  not  specifically  named,  are  con- 
sidered as  within  the  United  States  standard 
central  time  zone. 
CENTRAL-MOUNTAIN  BOUNDARY  LINE. 

Between  central  and  mountain  time  the  line 
begins  at  the  Canadian  boundary.  Portal,  N. 
D..  running  through  Minot  and  Goodall,  N.  D.; 
following  the  Missouri  river  to  Pierre, 
.,  then  through  Murdo  Mackenzie,  S.  D.; 
•  Pine,  North  Platte,  McCook  and  Repub- 
lican Junction,  Neb.:  Phillipsburg.  Plainville, 
Ellis.  Dodge  City  and  Liberal.  Kas.:  Waynoka. 
Clinton  and  Sayre.  Okla.:  Sweetwater.  Big 
Springs  and  San  Angelo,  Tex.,  and  the  100th 
meridian  to  the  Rio  Grande  river. 

The  following  named  municipalities  located 
upon  the  boundary  line  between  the  central 
and  mountain  time  zones  are  considered  as 
within  the  United  States  standard  central  tima 
zone;  Portal,  Flaxton,  and  Minot,  N.  D.; 
Murdo  Mackenzie,  S.  D.;  Phillipsburg,  Stock- 
ton, Plainville,  Ellis,  and  Liberal,  Kas.: 
Waynoka,  Ralph,  and  Sayre,  Okla.:  Sweet- 
water.  Big  Springs,  and  San  Angelo.  Tex. 

All  other  municipalities  located  upon  the 
boundary  line  between  the  central  and  moun- 
tain time  zones  not  specifically  named  are  con- 
sidered as  within  United  States  standard  moun- 
tain time  zone. 

MOUNTAIN-PACIFIC  BOUNDARY  LINE. 

Between  mountain  and  Pacific  time  zones  the 
line  is  fixed  following  the  western  boundary 
of  Montana  to  meridian  114  west  and  then 
south  and  east  to  Pocatello.  Idaho,  and  the 
Oregon  Short  Line  to  Ogden  and  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah:  thence  the  Los  Angeles  &  Salt 
Lake  railroad  and  the  west  and  south  boun- 
daries to  the  113th  meridian;  thence  to  Selig- 
man  and  Parker,  Ariz.,  and  along  the  Colorado 
river  to  the  Mexican  boundary. 

All  municipalities  on'  the  boundary  between 
mountain  and  Pacific  time  zones  will  use 
standard  mountain  time. 

All  of  Alaska  is  within  a  single  time  zone, 
TABLE  OF  TIME  CORRECTIONS. 

It  is  obvious  that  to  express  the  time  of 
rising  and  setting  of  the  sun  and  moon  in 
standard  time  would  limit  the  usefulness  of 
such  data  to  the  sinsrle  point  or  place  for 
which  it  was  computed,  while  in  mean  time 
it  is  practically  correct  for  places  as  widely 
separated  as  the  width  of  the  continent.  In 


the  calendar  pages  of  the  almanacs  the  rising 
and  setting  of  the  sun  and  moon  are  given 
in  mean  local  time  and  to  obtain  the  standard 
time  of  these  and  other  astromonical  events 
at  any  given  place  it  is  necessary  to  subtract 
or  add  a  certain  number  of  minutes  according 
to  the  distance  the  place  in  question  is  east 
or  west  of  the  meridian,  the  time  of  which 
governs  the  zone  in  which  the  place  is  located. 
Thus  in  Chicago,  which  is  approximately  two 
and  a  half  degrees  east  of  the  90th  meridian 
which  governs  the  time  of  the  central  zone, 
the  sun  and  moon  rise  and  set  about  ten 
minutes  earlier  than  the  time  shown  in  the 
almanacs:  in  other  words,  ten  minutes  must 
be  subtracted  to  get  the  actual  standard  time 
as  shown  by  the  clo^k. 

The  correction  required  for  each  of  the 
leading  cities  of  the  United  States  may  be 
found  in  the  following  table: 

Standard  Correction, 

City.  or  division.  minutes. 

Albany,  N.  Y ,.  .Eastern    Subtract    5 

Austin.  Texas Central    Add  31 

Baltimore.    Md Eastern  Add    6 

Baton  Rouge.  La Central    Add    4 

Bismarck.  N.  D Central    Add  43 

Boston,   Mass Eastern    Subtract  16 

Buffalo.    N.   Y Eastern    Add  16 

Burlington,  Iowa Central    Add    5 

Cairo    111 Central   Subtract    3 

Charleston.   S.  C Eastern  Add  20 

Chicago,   111 Central   Subtract  10 

Cincinnati,  Ohio Central   Subtract  22 

Cleveland,    Ohio Central   Subtract  33 

Columbia.  S.  C Eastern    Add  24 

Columbus,  Ohio Central   Subtract  28 

Dayton.   Ohio Central   Subtract  23 

Denver,  Col Mountain    Add    0 

Des  Moines.  Iowa Central    Add  14 

Detroit,  Mich Central   Subtract  28 

Dubuque     Iowa Central    Add    3 

Duluth    Minn Central    Add    9 

Erie,    Pa Central  Subtract  39 

Evansville.   Ind Central Subtract  10 

Ft    Gibson.   Okla Central    Add  21 

Fort  Smith,  Ark Central    Add  19 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind Central   Subtract  20 

Galena,  111 Central    Add    2 

Galveston,  Texrs Central    Add  19 

Grand  Haven.  Mich.... Central  Subtract  15 

Harrisburg,    Pa Eastern  Add    7 

Houston,   Texas Central    Add  21 

Huntsville,  Ala Central   Subtract  12 

Indianapolis,   Ind Central   Subtract  16 

Jackson,   Miss Central    Add    1 

Jacksonville,    Fla.. .._,..  Central   Subtract  33 

Janesville.    Wis Central   Subtract    4 

Jefferson  City,  Mo Central    Add    9 

Kansas  City.   Mo Central    Add  19 

Keokuk,    Iowa Central    Add    6 

Knoxville,    Tenn Central   Subtract  24 

LaCrosse,  Wis Central    Add    5 

Lawrence,   Kaa Central     Add  21 

Lexington.    Ky Central   Subtract  23 

Little  Rock,  Ark Central    Add    9 

Louisville.    Kv Central   Subtract  18 

Lynchburg1,    Va Eastern   Add  17 

Memphis,    Tenn Central   Subtract    0 

Milwaukee,    Wis Central  Subtract    8 

Mobile,    Ala Central  Subtract    8 

Montgomery.    Ala. : ....  Central   Subtract  15 

Nashville,  Tenn Central  Subtract  13 

New  Haven.   Conn Eastern    ....Subtract    8 

New  Orleans.  La Central    Add    0 

New  York.  N.  Y Eastern    Subtract    4 

Norfolk.   Va Eastern    Add    5 

Ogdensburg.  N.  Y Eastern    Add    2 

Omaha,    Neb Central    Add  94 

Pensacola.    Fin Central     ....Subtract  11 

Philadelphia.    Pa Eastern  Add    1 

Pittsburgh.  Pa Eastern     Add  20 

Portland.    M~ Eastern    ....Subtract  3  9 

Providence,  R.  I Eastern    Subtract  14 

Quincy,    111 Central    Add    6 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


35 


Standard  Correction. 

City.  or  division.  minutes. 

Raleigh.  <N.  C Eastern  Add  15 

Richmond,    Va Eastern  Add  10 

Rochester.  N.  Y Eastern    Add  11 

Rocklsland.Ill Central    Add    3 

San  Francisco.   Cal Pacific   Add  10 

Santa  Fe.  N.  M Mountain    Add    4 

Bavannah,    Ga Central     — Subtract  36 

Shreveport.    La Central    Add  15 

Springfield,    111 Central     ....  Subtract    2 

St.   Joseph.    Mo Central    Add  19 

St    Louis,  Mo ....Central    Add    1 


Standard 
City.  or  division. 

St.  Paul,  Minn Central 

Superior  City.  Wis Central 

Syracuse.  N.  Y Eastern 

Toledo,   O Central 

Trenton.  N.  J Eastern 

Utica.   N.  Y.... Eastern 

Washington.   D.   C Eastern 

Wheeling-.  W.  Va Eastern 

Wilmington.   Del Eastern 

Wilmington.  N.  C Eastern 

Yankton.  S.  D Central 


Correction, 
minutes. 

Add  12 

Add    8 

Add    5 

...Subtract  26 
...Subtract    1 

Add    1 

Add    8 

Add  23 

-Add    2 

AddlS 

Add  29 


DIFFERENCE 

When  it  is  12  o'clock  noon  Monday  in  New 
York.  N.  Y..  or  other  places  having  eastern 
time,  the  corresponding1  time  in  the  cities 
named  below  is: 

Aden,   Arabia 8:00  p.  m.,    Monday 

Amsterdam.    Holland 5:20  p.m.     Monday 

Apia.  Samoa 5 :33  a.  m.    Tuesday 

Berlin.    Germany 5 :53  p.  m.     Monday 

Bern.  Switzerland 5 :29  p.  m.     Monday 

Bombay.    India 9:51  p.m.     Monday 

Bremen,   Germany 5:33  p.m.     Monday 

Brussels.  Belgium 5 :17  p.  m.    Monday 

Calcutta,  India 10 :53  p.  m.     Monday 

Chicago,   111 *11 :00  a.  m.     Monday 

Christiania,  Norway 5:42  p.m.     Monday 

City  of  Mexico,  Mexico.     10:24  a.  m.     Monday 

Colon.  Panama 11 :40  a.  m.     Monday 

Constantinople.  Turkey.       6:56  p.  m.     Monday 
Copenhagen.    Denmark..      5:40  p.  m.     Monday 

Denver,  Colorado t!0:00a.  m.     Monday 

Dublin.    Ireland 4:34  p.  m.     Monday 

Edinburgh,    Scotland 4:47  p.m.     Monday 

Hamburg.  Germany 5:10  p.  m.     Monday 

Havana.  Cuba 11:30  a.m.     Monday 

Havre.  France 5:00  p.m..    Monday 

Hongkong,    China 12:37  a.  m..  Tuesday 

Honolulu.  Hawaii 6:29  a.  m..    Monday 

Lisbon,    Portugal 5:00  p.m.,    Monday 

Liverpool,    England 4:48  p.m.,    Monday 

London,   England 5:00  p.  m.,    Monday 

Madrid.  Spain 4:45  p.  m.,    Monday 

Manila,  Philippines 1:03  a.  m..  Tuesday 


IN    TIME. 

Melbourne.   Australia...  2:39  a.  m.,  Tuesday 

Paris.  France 5:09  p.  m..    Monday 

Pekm.  China. 12 :45  a.  m..  Tuesday 


7:01  p.  m.,  Monday 

6:55  p.  m.,  Monday 

5:49  p.  m..  Monday 

2:07  p.  m..  Monday 

$9:00  a.  m..  Monday 

12:35  p.  m..  Monday 


Petrograd.  Russia.. 
Pretoria,  South  Africa. 

R9me.  Italy 

Rio  de  Janeiro.  Brazil. 

San  Francisco.  Cal 

San  Juan.  Porto  Rico..       „ 

Sitka.  Alaska 7:58  a.  m.,    Monday 

Stockholm,    Sweden 6:13  p.  m.,    Monday 

Sydney.  New  So.  Walas.       3:04  a.  m..  Tuesday 

The  Hague,  Holland 5:17  p.m.,    Monday 

Tokyo.  Japan 2 :18  a.  m..  Tuesday 

Valparaiso,  Chile 12 :13  p.  m.,    Monday 

Vienna.  Austria 6:05  p.  m..    Monday 

Yokohama,  Japan 2:19  a.  m..  Tuesday 

•Same  in  all  places  having  central  time,  tin 
all  places  having  mountain  time.  Jin  all  places 
having  Pacific  time. 

Note— The  place  where  "the  day  begins"  or 
where  dates  are  changed  by  navigators  is  at 
or  near  the  180th  degree  of  longitude.  Here 
an  irregular  line  has  been  drawn  from  north 
to  south  which  is  called  the  "international 
date  line."  It  is  not  straight  because  in  case 
it  crossed  an  island  it  would  have  different 
dates  on  each  side  of  the  line.  The  date  line 
was  located  in  the  mid-Pacific  by  general 
agreement  because  it  would  cause  the  least 
confusion  and  because  it  was  twelve  hours 
from  Greenwich. 


FO1 

Central 

meridian. 
Degrees. 
..  135  east... 

iEIGN    STAND 

Fast  or  slow 
on 
Greenwich. 
H.M.S. 
9  00  00      fast 
00000 
3  51  38.8  slow 
5  24  15     slow 
2  00  00      fast 
1  30  00      fast 
1  00  00       fast 
2  00  00      fast 
ed  from  0  to  2' 

ARDS    OF    TIME. 

West  Australia  
South  Australia.  .  . 
New  Zealand  
Victoria. 

Central 
meridian. 
Degrees. 
..    120     east.. 
..     142%  east.. 
..     172%  east.. 

Past  or  slow 
on 
Greenwich. 
H.M. 
8  00     fast 
9  30     fast 
11  30     fast 

10  00     fast 

2  00     fast 
m. 

Spain* 

0 

64+    west. 

Ecuador.  .  .  . 
Natal 

81+    west. 
.  .   30  east... 

New  South  Wales  . 
Queensland.  .  . 

j-150 

east.. 

Cape  Colonv 

22%  east 

Mid-Europe. 
Egypt 

15  east.... 
30  east.... 

Tasmania 

j 

Eastern  Europe.  .  . 
t.  avoiding  the  use 

30     east.  . 
of  a.  m.  and  p. 

*In  Spain 

the  hours  are  coun 

FASTEST    VOYAGES    ACROSS    THE    ATLANTIC. 


Queenstown  to  New  York.  Raunt's  Rock  to 
Ambrose  channel  lightship  (short  course).  4  days 
10  hours  48  minutes,  by  the  Mauretania,  Sept.  11- 
15,  1910;  Ion?  course  (2,891  miles),  4  days  17  hours 
6  minutes.  Mauretania.  Feb.  13-18.  1909. 

New  York  to  Queenstown,  4  days  13  hours  41 
minutes,  by  the  Mauretania.  Sept.  15-20.  1909. 

Hamburg  to  New  York.  5  flnys  11  hours  54 
minutes,  by  the  Dentschland.  Sept.  2-8.  1903. 

Cherbourg  to  New  York.  5  days  11  hours  9 
minutes,  by  the  Kronprinzessin  Cecilie.  Aug.  19- 
25.  1908. 

New  York  to  Cherbourg.  5  days  16  hours,  by 
the  Kaiser  Wilhelm  der  Grosse.  Jan.  4-10.  1900. 

Southampton  to  New  York.  5  days  20  hours,  by 
the  Kaiser  Wilhelm  der  Grosse.  March  30-April 
5.  1898. 

Havre  to  New  York.  6  days  1  hour  12  minntes. 
by  La  Provence.  Sept.  6-13.  1907. 

New  York  to  Southampton.   5  days  17  hours  8 


minutes,  by  the  Kaiser  Wilhelm  der  Grosse. 
Nov.  23-29.  1897. 

New  York  to  Havre.  6  days  2  hours  48  min- 
utes, by  La  Provence.  May  31-June  6.  1906. 

New  York  to  Plymouth  (short  course),  2,962 
miles.  5  days  7  hours  28  minutes,  by  the  Deutsch- 
land,  Sept.  5-10,  1900:  (long  course).  3.080  miles. 
5  days  9  hours  55  minutes.  Kaiser  Wilhelm  II.. 
Aue.  18-24.  1908. 

Plymouth  to  New  York,  5  days  15  hours  46 
minutes,  by  the  Deutschlaml.  July  7-12.  1900. 

Moville.  Ireland,  to  Cape  Race,  N.  F..  4  days 
10  hours,:  by  the  Virginian  (turbine).  June  9-13. 
1905. 

The  best  day's  run  b'y  any  steamer  was  678 
knots,  made  by  the  Mauretania,  January.  1911. 

Distances:  New  York  to  Southampton.  3,100 
miles:  to  Plymouth.  2.962  miles:  to  Queenstown. 
2.800  miles:  to  Cherbourg.  3.047  miles:  to  Havre. 
3.170  miles:  to  Hamburg.  3.820  miles. 


36 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


REVENUE  ACT   OF   1918. 


Following:  is  the  full  text  of  the  "Act  to 
provide  revenue,  and  for  other  purposes."  ap- 
proved Feb.  24.  1919: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  senate  and  house  of 
representatives  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica in  congress  assembled, 

TITLE    I.— GENERAL    DEFINITIONS. 

Section  1.  That  when  used  in  this  act — 

The  term  "person"  includes  partnerships  and 
corporations,  as  well  as  individuals; 

The  term  "corporation"  includes  associa- 
tions, joint-stock  companies,  and  insurance 
companies; 

The  term  "domestic"  when  applied  to  a  cor- 
poration or  partnership  means  created  or  or- 
ganized in  the  United  States; 

The  term  "foreign"  when  applied  to  a  cor- 
poration or  partnership  means  created  or  or- 
ganized outside  the  United  States; 

The  term  "United  States"  when  used  in  a 
geographical  sense  includes  only  the  states, 
the  territories  of  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  and  the 
District  of  Columbia; 

The  term  "secretary"  means  the  secretary 
of  the  treasury; 

The  term  "commissioner"  means  the  com- 
missioner of  internal  revenue; 

The  term  "collector"  means  collector  of  in- 
ternal revenue ; 

The  term  "Revenue  act  of  1916"  means  the 
act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  revenue, 
and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  Sept.  8, 
1916; 

The  term  "Revenue  act  of  1917"  means  the 
act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  revenue  to  de- 
fray war  expenses,  and  for  other  purposes," 
approved  Oct.  3,  1917; 

The  term  "taxpayer"  includes  any  person, 
trust  or  estate  subject  to  a  tax  imposed  by 
this  act; 

The  term  "government  contract"  means  (a) 
a  contract  made  with  the  United  States,  or 
with  any  department,  bureau,  officer,  commis- 
sion, board  or  agency,  under  the  United  States 
and  acting  in  its  behalf,  or  with  any  agency 
controlled  by  any  of  the  above  if  the  con- 
tract is  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States. 
or  (b)  a  subcontract  made  with  a  contractor 
performing  such  a  contract  if  the  products 
or  services  to  be  furnished  under  the  subcon- 
tract are  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States. 
The  term  "government  contract  or  contracts 
made  between  April  6,  1917.  and  Nov.  11, 
1918.  both  dates  inclusive,"  when  applied  to 
a  contract  of  the  kind  referred  to  in  clause 
(a)  of  this  paragraph,  includes  all  such  con- 
tracts which,  although  entered  into  during 
such  period,  were  originally  not  enforceable, 
but  which  have  been  or  may  become  en- 
forceable by  reason  of  subsequent  validation  in 
pursuance  of  law; 

The  term  "military  or  naval  forces  of  the 
United  States"  includes  the  marine  corps,  the 
coast  guard,  the  army  nurse  corps,  female,  and 
the  navy  nurse  corps,  female,  but  this  shall 
not  be  deemed  to  exclude  other  units  other- 
wise included  within  such  term; 

The  term  "present  war"  means  the  war  in 
which  the  United  States  is  now  engaged 
against  the  German  government. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  act  the  date  of  the 
termination  of  the  present  war  shall  be  fixed 
by  proclamation  of  the  president. 

TITLE   II.— INCOME   TAX. 

Part    I. — General    Provisions — Definitions. 

Sec.    200.   That    when   used   in   this   title— 

The  term  "taxable  year"  means  the  calendar 
year,  or  the  fiscal  year  ending  during  such 
calendar  year,  upon  the  basis  of  which  the 
net  income  is  computed  under  section  212  or 
section  232.  The  term  "fiscal  year"  means 
an  accounting  period  of  twelve  months  end- 
ing on  the  last  day  of  any  month  other  than 


December.  The  first  taxable  year,  to  be  called 
the  taxable  year  1918,  shall  be  the  calendar 
year  1918  or  any  fiscal  year  ending  during 
the  calendar  year  1918; 

The  term  "fiduciary"  means  a  guardian, 
trustee,  executor,  administrator,  receiver,  con- 
servator, or  any  person  acting  in  any  fiduciary 
capacity  for  any  person,  trust  or  estate; 

The  term  "withholding  agent"  means  any 
person  required  to  deduct  and  withhold  any 
tax  under  the  provisions  of  section  221  or 
section  237; 

The  term  "personal  service  corporation" 
means  a  corporation  whose  income  is  to  be 
ascribed  primarily  to  the  activities  of  the 
principal  owners  or  stockholders  who  are 
themselves  regularly  engaged  in  the  active 
conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  corporation  and 
in  which  capital  (whether  invested  or  bor- 
rowed) is  not  a  material  income-producing' 
factor;  but  does  not  include  any  foreign  cor- 
poration, nor  any  corporation  50  per  centum 
or  more  of  whose  gross  income  consists  either 
(1)  of  gains,  profits  or  income  derived  from 
trading  as  a  principal,  or  (2)  of  gains,  prof- 
its, commissions,  or  other  income,  derived 
from  a  government  contract  or "  contracts 
made  between  April  6,  1917,  and  Nov.  11, 
1918.  both  dates  inclusive: 

The  term  "paid,"  for  the  purposes  of  the 
deductions  and  credits  under  this  title,  means 
"paid  or  accrued"  or  "paid,  or  incurred,"  and 
the  terms  "paid  or  incurred"  and  "paid  or  ac- 
crued" shall  be  construed  according  to  the 
method  of  accounting  upon  the  basis  of  which 
the  net  income  is  computed  under  section  212. 
Dividends. 

Sec.  201.  (a)  That  the  term  "dividend" 
when  used  in  this  title  (except  in  paragraph 
(10)  of  subdivision  (a)  of  section  234) 
means  (1)  any  distribution  made  by  a  cor- 
poration, other  than  a  personal  service  cor- 
poration, to  its  shareholders  or  members, 
whether  in  cash  or  in  other  property  or  in 
stock  of  the  corporation,  out  of  its  earnings 
or  profits  accumulated  since  Feb.  28,  1913, 
or  (2)  any  such  distribution  made  by  a 
personal  service  corporation  out  of  its  earn- 
ings or  profits  accumulated  since  Feb.  28, 
1913.  and  prior  to  Jan.  1,  1918. 

(b)  Any    distribution    shall    be    deemed    to 
have  been  made  from  earnings  or  profits  un- 
less  all   earnings    and   profits    have    first    been 
distributed.       Any    distribution    made    in    the 
year    1918    or    any    year    thereafter    shall    be 
deemed   to  have  been  made    from  earnings  or 
profits    accumulated    since   Feb.    28,    1913,    or. 
in   the  case  of  a  personal   service  corporation, 
from  the  most   recently   accumulated   earnings 
or    profits;    but    any    earnings    or    profits    ac- 
cumulated  prior   to    March    1,    1913,    may   be 
distributed    in    stock    dividends    or    otherwise, 
exempt   from  the   tax,    after  the  earnings  and 
profits  accumulated  since  Feb.  28.  1913,  have 
been  distributed. 

(c)  A  dividend  paid  in  stock  of  the  corpora- 
tion shall  be  considered  income  to  the  amount 
of  the  earnings  or  profits  distributed.    Amounts 
distributed  in  the  liquidation  of  a  corporation 
shall  be  treated  as  payments  in  exchange   for 
stock    or    shares,    and   any    gain    or   profit    re- 
alized thereby  shall  be  taxed  to  the  distributee 
as  other  gains  or  profits. 

(d)  If    any    stock    dividend    (1)    is   received 
by    a   taxpayer   between    Jan.    1    and    Nov.    1, 
1918,   both  dates   inclusive,    or    (2)    is  during 
such  period  bona  fide   authorized  or  declared, 
and  entered  on  the  books  of  the  corporation, 
and   is  received   by    a  taxpayer   after  Nov.    1. 
1918,  and  before  the  expiration  of  thirty  days 
after  the  passage  of  this  act,   then  such  divi- 
dend,   shall,    in    the    manner    provided    in    sec- 
tion   206.    be    taxed    to    the    recipient    at    the 
rates    prescribed    by    law     for    the    years    in 
which    the   corporation   accumulated   the  earn- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


37 


ing-9  or  profits  from  which  such  dividend  was 
paid,  but  '  the  dividend  shall  be  deemed  to 
have  been  paid  from  the  most  recently  ac- 
cumulated earnings  or  profits. 

(e)  Any  distribution  made  during1  the  first 
sixty  days  of  any  taxable  year  shall  be 
deemed  to  ha've  been  made  from  earnings  or 
profits  accumulated  during-  preceding-  taxable 
years:  but  any  distribution  made  during-  the 
remainder  of  the  taxable  year  shall  be  deemed 
to  have  been  made  from  earnings  or  profits 
accumulated  between  the  close  of  the  preced- 
ing taxable  year  and  the  date  of  distribution, 
to  the  extent  of  such  earnings  or  profits,  and 
if  the  books  of  the  corporation  do  not  show 
the  amount  of  such  earnings  or  profits  the 
earnings  or  profits  for  the  accounting  period 
within  which  the  distribution  was  made  shall 
be  deemed  to  have  been  accumulated  ratably 
during  such  period. 

Basis   for   Determining    Gain    or   Loss. 

Sec.  202.  (a)  That  for  the  purpose  of  as- 
certaining- the  gain  derived  or  loss  sustained 
from  the  sale  or  other  disposition  of  property, 
real,  personal,  or  mixed,  the  basis  shall  be — 

(1)  In  the  case  of  property  acquired  before 
March     1,     1913,     the     fair    market    price    or 
value   of  such   property   as  of  that  date:    and 

(2)  In  the  case  of  property  acquired  on  or 
after   that   date,    the    cost    thereof;    or   the   in- 
ventory   value,    if    the    inventory   is   made   in 
accordance  with  section  203. 

(b)  When  property  is  exchanged  for  other 
property,  the  property  received  in  exchange 
shall  for  the  purpose  of  determining-  gain 
or  loss  be  treated  as  the  equivalent  of  cash 
to  the  amount  of  its  fair  market  value,  if 
any;  but  when  in  connection  with  the  reor- 
ganization, merger,  or  consolidation  of  a  cor- 
poration a  person  receives  in  place  of  stock  or 
securities  owned  by  him  new  stock  or  se- 
curities of  no  greater  aggregate  par  or  face 
value,  no  gain  or  loss  shall  be  deemed  to 
occur  from  the  exchange,  and  the  new  stock 
or  securities  received  shall  be  treated  as  tak- 
ing the  place  of  the  stock,  securities,  or  prop- 
erty exchanged. 

When  in  the  case  of  any  such  reorganiza- 
tion, merger  or  consolidation  the  aggregate 
par  or  face  value  of  the  new  stock  or  secu- 
rities received  is  in  excess  of  the  aggregate 
par  or  face  value  of  the  stock  or  securities 
exchanged,  &  like  amount  in  par  or  face 
value  of  the  new  stock  or  securities  received 
shall  be  treated  as  taking  the  place  of  the 
stock  or  securities  exchanged,  and  the  amount 
of  the  excess  in  par  or  face  value  shall  be 
treated  as  a  gain  to  the  extent  that  the  fair 
market  value  of  the  new  stock  or  securities  is 
greater  than  the  cost  (or  if  acquired  prior  to 
March  1,  1913,  the  fair  market  value  as  of 
that  date)  of  the  stock  or  securities  ex- 
changed. 

Inventories. 

Sec.  203.  That  whenever  in  the  opinion  of 
the  commissioner  the  use  of  inventories  is 
necessary  in  order  clearly  to  determine  the 
income  of  any  taxpayer,  inventories  shall  be 
taken  by  such  taxpayer  upon  such  basis  as 
the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  may  prescribe  as  conforming  as 
nearly  as  may  be  to  the  best  accounting  prac- 
tice in  the  trade  or  business  and  as  most 
clearly  reflecting  the  income. 
Net  Losses. 

Sec.  204.  (a)  That  as  used  in  this  section 
the  term  "net  loss"  refers  only  to  net  losses 
resulting  from  either  (1)  the  operation  of  any 
business  regularly  carried  on  by  the  taxpayer, 
or  (2)  the  bona  fide  sale  by  the  taxpayer  of 
plant,  buildings,  machinery,  equipment  or 
other  facilities,  constructed,  installed  or  ac- 
quired by  the  taxpayer  on  or  after  April  6, 
1917,  for  the  production  of  articles  coucrib- 
uting  to  the  prosecution  of  the  present  war; 


and  when  so  resulting  means  the  excess  of 
the  deductions  allowed  by  law  (excluding  in 
the  case  of  corporations  amounts  allowed  as  a 
deduction  under  paragraph  (6)  of  subdivision 
(a)  of  section  234)  over  the  sum  of  the 
gross  income  plus  any  interest  received  iree 
from  taxation  both  under  this  title  and  under 

-Lit  10    ill. 

rJtb)-*?f  fi°Qilny  ta,xab1,?.  year  beginning  after 
VnoV*3^  1918>  and  ending  prior  to  Jan.  1. 
1920,  it  appears  upon  the  production  of  evi- 
dencs  satisfactory  to  the  commissioner  that 
any  taxpayer  has  sustained  a  net  loss  th» 
amount  of  such  net  loss  shall  under  regula- 
tions prescribed  by  the  commissioner  with 
the  approval  of  the  secretary  be  deducted 
from  the  net  income  of  the  taxpayer  for  the 
preceding  taxable  year;  and  the  taxes  imposed 
by  this  title  and  by  Title  III  for  such  pre- 
ceding taxable  year  shall  be  redetermined  ac- 
cordingly. Any  amount  found  to  be  due  to 
the  taxpayer  upon  the  basis  of  such  redeter- 
mmation  shall  be  credited  or  refunded  to  the 
taxpayer  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  section  252.  If  such  net  loss  is  in  excess 
f°r  «u<*  Preceding-taxable 


lowed   as    a   deduction   in    computing   the   net 
income   for  the  succeeding-  taxable  year 

(c)  The  benefit  of  this  section  shall  be  al- 
lowed to  the  members  of  a  partnership  and 
the  beneficiaries  of  an  estate  or  trust  under 
regulations  prescribed  by  the  commissioner 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary. 

Fiscal    Year   with    Different    Hates. 

Sec.  205.  (a)  That  if  a  taxpayer  makes 
return  for  a  fiscal  year  beginning  in  1917  and 
ending-  in  1918,  his  tax  under  this  title  for 
the  first  taxable  year  shall  be  the  sum  of- 
(1)  the  same  proportion  of  a  tax  for  the  en- 
tire period  computed  under  Title  I  of  the 
revenue  act  of  1916  as  amended  by  the  rev- 
enue act  of  1917  and  under  Title  I  of  the 
revenue  act  of  1917.  which  the  portion  of 
such  period  falling  within  the  calendar  year 

1917  is    of    the    entire    period,    and    (2)     the 
same  proportion  of  a  tax  for  the  entire  period 
computed    under    this    title    at    the    rates    for 
the  calendar  year  1918  which  the  portion  of 
such   period   falling   within  the  calendar  year 

1918  is  of  the  entire  period:     Provided,  That 
m   the  case  of  a  personal  service  corporation 
the    amount    to    be   paid    shall    be   only   that 
specified  in  clause    (1). 

Any  amount  heretofore  or  hereafter  paid 
on  account  of  the  tax  imposed  for  such  fiscal 
year  by  Title  I  of  the  revenue  act  of  1910 
as  amended  by  the  revenue  act  of  1917  and 
by  Title  I  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917  shall 
be  credited  toward  the  payment  of  the  tax 
imposed  for  such  fiscal  year  by  this  act,  and 
if  the  ampunt  so  paid  exceeds  the  amount  of 
such  tax  imposed  by  this  act,  or,  in  the  case 
of  a  personal  service  corporation,  the  amount 
specified  in  clause  (1).  the  excess  shall  be 
credited  or  refunded  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  section  252. 

(b)  If    a    taxpayer   makes    a  return   for   a 
fiscal   year  beginning   in   1918    and   ending-  in 
1919,   the  tax  under  this  title  for  such  fiscal 
year  shall  be  the  sum  of:      (1)  the  same  pro- 
portion  of   a  tax    for  the   entire   period    com- 
puted under  this  title  at  the  rates  specified  for 
the  calendar  year   1918   which  the  portion  of 
such   period    falling   within   the   calendar   year 
1918    is    of    the    entire    period,    and    (2)     the 
same  proportion  of  a  tax  for  the  entire  period 
computed   under  this  title   at   the  rates  speci- 
fied for  the  calendar  year  1919  which  the  por- 
tion of  such  period  falling  within  the  calendar 
year  1919  is  of  the  entire  period. 

(c)  If  a  fiscal  year  of  a  partnership  begins 
in  1917  and  ends  in  1918  or  begins  in  1918 


38 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


and  ends  in  1919,  then  notwithstanding-  the 
provisions  of  subdivision  (b)  of  section  218, 
(1)  the  rates  for  the  calendar  year  during 
which  such  fiscal  year  begins  shall  apply  to 
an  amount  of  each  partner's  share  of  such 
partnership  net  income  (determined  under  the 
law  applicable  to  such  year)  equal  to  the 
proportion  which  the  part  of  such  fiscal  year 
falling  within  such  calendar  year  bears  to  the 
full  fiscal  year,  and  (2)  the  rates  for  the 
calendar  year  during-  which  such  fiscal  year 
ends  shall  apply  to  an  amount  of  each  part- 
ner's share  of  such  partnership  net  income 
(determined  under  the  law  applicable  to  such 
calendar  year)  equal  to  the  proportion  which 
the  part  of  such  fiscal  year  falling-  within 
such  calendar  year  bears  to  the  full  fiscal 
year:  Provided,  That  in  the  case  of  a  per- 
sonal service  corporation  with  respect  to  a 
fiscal  year  beginning-  in  1917  and  ending-  in 
1918  the  amount  specified  in  clause  (1)  shall 
not  be  subject  to  normal  tax. 
Parts  of  Income  Subject  to  Rates  for  Differ- 
ent Years. 

Sec.  206.  That  whenever  parts  of  a  tax- 
payer's income  are  subject  to  rates  for  differ- 
ent calendar  years,  the  part  subject  to  the 
rates  for  the  most  recent  calendar  year  shall 
be  placed  in  the  lower  brackets  of  the  rate 
schedule  provided  in  this  title,  the  part  sub- 
ject to  the  rates  for  the  next  preceding-  cal- 
endar year  shall  be  placed  in  the  next  higher 
brackets  of  the  rate  schedule  applicable  to 
that  year,  and  so  on  until  the  entire  net  in- 
come has  been  accounted  for.  In  determining 
the  income,  any  deductions,  exemptions  or 
credits  of  a  kind  not  plainly  and  properly 
chargeable  against  the  income  taxable  at  rates 
for  a  preceding-  year  shall  first  be  applied 
against  the  income  subject  to  rates  for  the 
most  recent  calendar  year;  but  any  balance 
thereof  shall  be  applied  against  the  income 
subject  to  the  rates  of  the  next  preceding 
year  or  years  until  fully  allowed. 

PART     II.— INDIVIDUALS. 

Normal  Tax. 

Sec.  210.  That,  in  lieu  of  the  taxes  im- 
posed by  subdivision  (a)  of  section  1  of 
the  revenue  act  of  1916  and  by  section  1  of 
the  revenue  act  of  1917,  there  shall  be 
levied,  collected,  and  paid  for  each  taxable 
year  upon  the  net  income  of  every  individual 
a  normal  tax  at  the  following  rates: 

(a)  For    the    calendar    year    1918,    12    per 
centum   of  the   amount   of  the   net   income  in 
excess  of  the  credits  provided  in  section  216: 
Provided,    That    in   the    case    of    a   citizen    or 
resident   of   the   United   States   the   rate   upon 
the  first  $4,000   of  such  excess   amount   shall 
be  6  per  centum; 

(b)  For    each    calendar    year    thereafter,    8 
per  centum  of  the   amount  of  the  net  income 
in    excess    of   the    credits    provided    in    section 
216:    Provided,  That   in  the  case  of  a  citizen 
or  resident  of  the  United  States  the  rate  unon 
the   first  $4.000   of  such  excess  amount  shall 
be  4  per  centum. 

Surtax. 

Sec.  211.  (a)  That,  in  lieu  of  the  taxes 
imposed  by  subdivision  (b)  of  section  1  of 
the  revenue  act  of  1916  and  by  section  2  of 
the  revenue  act  of  1917,  but  in  addition  to 
the  normal  tax  imposed  by  section  210  of 
this  act.  there  shall  be  levied,  collected,  and 
paid  for  each  taxable  year  upon  the  net  in- 
come of  every  individual,  a  surtax  equal  to 
the  sum  of  the  following: 

1  per   centum   of  the   amount   by  which  the 
net   income  exceeds   $5,000    and   does   not    ex- 
ceed $6.000: 

2  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net    income   exceeds   $6,000    and   does  not   ex- 
ceed   $8,000; 


3  per  centum   of  the   amount  by  which 
net   income   exceeds  $8,000    and  does   not 

4  per  centum  of   the  amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds  $10,000   and  does  not 
ceed  $12,000; 

5  per  centum   of  the  amount   by   which 
net    income    exceeds    $12,000     and    does 
exceed  $14,000; 

6  per  centum  of  the  amount  by   which 
net  income  exceeds  $14,000   and  does  not 
ceed    $16,000; 

7  per  centum   of  the  amount   by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $16,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $18,000; 

8  per  centum   of  the   amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds  $18.000  and  does  not 
ceed   $20,000; 

9  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $20,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $22,000; 

10  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net,  income  exceeds  $22,000  and  does  not 
ceed    $24,000; 

11  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $24,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $26,000; 

12  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $26,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $28,000; 

13  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds  $28,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $30,000; 

14  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds  $30,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $32,000; 

15  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds  $32,000   and  does  not 
ceed  $34,000; 

16  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $34,000  and  does  not 
ceed   $36,000; 

17  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $36,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $38,000; 

18  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $38,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $40.000; 

19  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $40,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $42,000; 

20  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $42,000  and  does  not 
ceed   $44.000; 

21  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $44,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $46,000; 

22  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $46,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $48,000; 

23  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds  $48,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $50,000; 

24  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $50.000  and  does  not 
ceed    $52.000; 

25  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds  $52,000   and  does  not 
ceed   $54,000; 

26  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $54,000   and  does  not 
ceed   $56.000; 

27  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds   $56,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $58,000; 

28  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $58,000  and  does  not 
ceed    S60.000; 

29  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net   income  exceeds  $60,000  and  does  not 
ceed  $62.000; 

30  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which 
net  income  exceeds  $62,000  and  does  not 

ceed  $64.000; 


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ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


39 


31  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net   income  exceeds  $64,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed   $66,000; 

32  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $66.000   and  does  not  ex- 
ceed   $68,000; 

33  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $68,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $70,000; 

34  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $70,000  and  does  not   ex- 
ceed $72,000; 

35  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $72,000   and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $74,000; 

36  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $74,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $76,000; 

37  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $76,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed   $78,000; 

38  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $78,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $80,000; 

39  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $80,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $82,000; 

40  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $82,000   and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $84,000; 

41  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net   income  exceeds  $84,000   and  does  not  ex- 
ceed  $86,000; 

42  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net   income  exceeds  $86,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $88,000; 

43  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $88,000   and  does  not  ex- 
ceed   $90,000; 

44  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $90,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed  $92,000; 

45  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $92,000   and  does  not  ex- 
ceed   $94,000; 

46  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net   income  exceeds  $94,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed  $96,000; 

47  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $96,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed   $98,000; 

48  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $98,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $100,000; 

52  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $100,000  and  does  not 
exceed  $150,000; 

56  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $150,000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $200.000; 

60  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  income  exceeds  $200,000  and  does  not 
exceed  $300.000; 

63  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net    income    exceeds    $300,000    and    does    not 
exceed  $500.000; 

64  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net    income    exceeds    $500,000    and    does    not 
exceed  $1,000.000; 

65  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net   income   exceeds   $1,000,000. 

(b)  In  the  case  of  a  bona  fide  sale  of 
mines,  oil  or  gas  wells,  or  any  interest 
therein,  where  the  principal  value  of  the 
property  has  been  demonstrated  by  prospect- 
ing1 or  exploration  and  discovery  work  d9ne 
by  the  taxpayer,  the  portion  of  the  tax  im- 
posed by  this  section  attributable  to  such 
sale  shall  not  exceed  20  per  centum  of  the 
eelling  price  of  such  property  or  interest. 

Net  Income  Defined. 
Sec.    212.    (a)   That    in   the    case   of    an   in- 
dividual   the    term    "net    income"    means    the 
gross   income    as   denned   in    section   213,    less 
the   deductions   allowed   by   section  214. 


(b)  The  net  income  shall  be  computed  upon 
;he  basis  of  the  taxpayer's  annual  accounting 
period  (fiscal  year  or  calendar  year,  as  the 
case  may  be)  in  accordance  with  the  method 
of  accounting-  regularly  employed  in  keeping 
the  books  of  such  taxpayer;  but  if  no  such 
method  of  accounting-  has  been  so  employed, 
or  if  the  method  employed  does  not  clearly 
reflect  the  income,  the  computation  shall  be 
made  upon  such  basis  and  in  such  manner  as 
in  the  opinion  of  the  commissioner  does 
clearly  reflect  the  income.  If  the  taxpayer's 
annual  accounting-  period  is  other  than  a 
fiscal  year  as  defined  in  section  200  or  if 
the  taxpayer  has  no  annual  accounting  period 
or  does  not  keep  books,  the  net  income  shall 
be  computed  on  the  basis  of  the  calendar 
year. 

If  a  taxpayer  changes  his  accounting  period 
from  fiscal  year  to  calendar  year,  from  cal- 
endar year  to  fiscal  year,  or  from  one  fiscal 
sear  to  another,  the  net  income  shall,  with 
the  approval  of  the  commissioner,  be  com- 
puted on  the  basis  of  such  new  accounting 
period,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  section 
226. 

Gross   Income   Defined. 

Sec.  213.  That  for  the  purposes  of  this 
title  (except  as  otherwise  provided  in  section 
233)  the  term  "gross  income" — 

(a)  Includes   gains,    profits    and   income   de- 
rived   from    salaries,    wages    or    compensation 
for  personal  service    (including  in  the  case  of 
the  president  of  the  United  States,  the  judges 
of    the    Supreme    and    inferior    courts    of    the 
United  States,    and   all   other   officers   and   em- 
ployes,   whether   elected   or   appointed,    of   the 
United    States.     Alaska.     Hawaii     or    any    po- 
litical   subdivision   thereof,    or   the    District   of 
Columbia,  the  compensation  received  as  such), 
of  whatever  kind   and  in  whatever  form  paid, 
or    from    professions,    vocations,    trades,    busi- 
nesses,     commerce    or    sales,     or    dealings    in 
property,    whether    real    or    personal,    growing 
out  of  the  ownership  or  use  of  or  interest  in 
such   property;    also   from   interest,    rent,   divi- 
dends,   securities    or    the    transaction    of    any 
business    carried    on    for    gain    or    profit,    or 
gains  or  profits,  and  income  derived  from  any 
source    whatever.      The    amount    of    all    such 
items    shall   be    included   in    the   gross    income 
for  the  taxable  year  in  which  received  by  the 
taxpayer,    unless,    under    methods    of    account- 
ing   permitted   under    subdivision    (b)    of   sec- 
tion 212,    any   such   amounts  are  to   be   prop- 
erly   accounted   for   as   of   a   different    period: 
but 

(b)  Does   not   include   the    following   items, 
which    shall   be   exempt   from   taxation   under 
this  title: 

(1)  The  proceeds   of   life   insurance   policies 
paid   upon  the   death    of  the   insured   to   indi- 
vidual   beneficiaries   or   to   the   estate   of    the 
insured : 

(2)  The  amount  received  by  the  insured  as 
a    return    of    premium    or    premiums    paid    by 
him   under  life   insurance,    endowment    or    an- 
nuity contracts,  either  during  the   term   or  at 
the    maturity    of    the    term    mentioned   in    the 
contract   or  upon  surrender  of  the   contract: 

(3)  The  value  of  property  acquired  by  gift, 
bequest,    devise    or   descent    (but    the   income 
from  such  property  shall  be  included  in  gross 
income) ; 

(4)  Interest  upon    (a)    the  obligations  of   a 
state,     territory    or    any    political    subdivision 
thereof,    or  the  District    of   Columbia;    or    (b) 
securities   issued   under   the   provisions   of   the 
federal    farm    loan    act    of   July   17,    1916;    or 
(c)    the    obligations    of   the    United    States   or 
its    possessions:    or    fd)    bonds   issued    by    the 
war  finance  corporations :  Provided,  That  every 
person  owning  any  of  the  obligations,  securities 
or  bonds  enumerated  in  clauses    (a),    (b),    (c) 
and   (d)   shall,  in  the  return  required  by  this 


40 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


title,  submit  a  statement  showing-  the  num 
ber  and  amount  of  such  obligations,  secu 
rities  and  bonds  owned  by  him  and  the  incom 
received  therefrom,  in  such  form  and  wit 
such  information  as  the  commissioner  ma 
require.  In  the  case  of  obligations  of  th 
United  States  issued  after  Sept.  1.  1917.  an 
in  the  case  of  bonds  issued  by  the  War  Financ 
corporation,  the  interest  shall  be  exempt  on! 
if  and  to  the  extent  provided  in  the  respectiv 
acts  authorizing-  the  issue  thereof  as  amende 
and  supplemented,  and  shall  be  excluded  from 
gross  income  only  if  and  to  the  extent  it  i 
wholly  exempt  from  taxation  to  the  taxpaye 
both  under  this  title  and  under  Title  III.; 

(5)  The  income  of  foreign  governments  re 
ceived   from    investments  in  the  United  State 
in  stocks,   bonds   or  other  domestic   securities 
owned  by   such   fpreign  governments,   or  from 
interest    on    deposits    in   banks    in   the    Unite( 
States    of    moneys    belonging    to    such    foreign 
governments,  or  from  any  other  source  withir 
the  United  States; 

(6)  Amounts   received,   through   accident   o 
health    insurance    or    under    workmen's    com 
pensation    acts,    as    compensation   for   persona 
injuries   or   sickness,    plus  the   amount  of  anj 
damages   received    whether    by    suit   or    agree 
ment  on  account  of  such  injuries  or  sickness 

(7)  Income  derived  from   any  public  utility 
or  the  exercise  of  any  essential  governmenta 
function   and  accruing-   to    any   state,   territory 
or   the   District    of   Columbia,   or   any  politica 
subdivision  of  a  state  or  territory,  or  income 
accruing  to  the  government  of  any  possession 
of   the   United   States  or   any   political  subdi 
vision  thereof. 

Whenever  any  state,  territory  or  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  or  any  political  subdivision 
of  a  state  or  territory,  prior  to  Sept.  8,  1916 
entered  in  good  faith  into  a  contract  with 
any  person,  the  object  and  purpose  of  which 
is  to  acquire,  construct,  operate  or  maintain 
a  public  utility,  no  tax  shall  be  levied  under 
the  provisions  of  this  title  upon  the  income 
derived  from  the  operation  of  such  public 
utility,  so  far  as  the  payment  thereof  v/ii 
impose  a  Ipss  or  burden  upon  such  otat, 
territory.  District  of  Columbia  or  politica: 
subdivision:  but  this  provision  is  not  intended 
to  confer  upon  such  person  any  financial  gain 
or  exemption  or  to  relieve  such  person  from 
the  payment  of  a  tax  as  provided  for  in  this 
title  upon  the  part  or  portion  of  such  i  .come 
to  which  such  person  is  entitled  under  such 
contract ; 

(8)  So  much  of  the  amount  received  dur 
ing  the  present  war  by  a  person  in  the  mill 
tary  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States 
as  salary  or  compensation  in  any  form  from 
the  United  States  for  active  services  in  euch 
forces  as  does  not  exceed  S3. 500. 

(c)  In  the  case  of  nonresident  alien  indi- 
viduals, gross  income  includes  only  the  gross 
income  from  sources  within  the  United  States, 
including-  interest  on  bonds,  notes  or  other 
interest-bearing  obligations  of  residents,  cor- 
porate or  otherwise,  dividends  from  resident 
corporations,  and  including  all  amounts  re- 
ceived (although  paid  under  a  contract  for 
the  sale  of  goods  or  otherwise)  representing 
profits  on  the  manufacture  and  disposition 
of  goods  within  the  United  States. 

Deductions  Allowed.   • 

Sec.  214.  (a)  That  in  computing-  net  in- 
come there  shall  be  allowed  as  deductions: 
II)  All  the  ordinary  and  necessary  expenses 
paid  or  incurred  during  the  taxable  year  in 
carrying  on  any  trade  or  business,  including 
a  reasonable  allowance  for  salaries  or  other 
compensation  for  personal  services  actually 
rendered,  and  including  rentals  or  other  pay- 
ments required  to  be  made  as  a  condition  to 
the  continued  use  or  possession,  for  purposes 


the  taxpayer  has  not   taken  or  is  not   takine 
title   or  in   which  he  has  no  equity; 

(2)  All  interest  paid  or  accrued  within  the 
taxable  year  on  indebtedness,  except  on  in? 
debtedness  incurred  or  continued  to  purchase 
or  carry  obligations  or  securities  (other  than 
obligations  of  the  United  States  issued  $S£ 
Sept.  24,  1917),  the  interest  upon  which 
is  wholly  exempt  from  taxation  under  this 
title  as  income  to  the  taxpayer,  or.  in  the 
case  of  a  nonresident  alien  individual  the 
proportion  of  such  interest  which  tke  amount 

'  ffl 


(3)  Taxes  paid  or  accrued  within  the  tax- 
able    year   imposed    (a)    by   the    authority   of 
the  United  States,  except  income,   war  profits 
and  excess   profits  taxes;    or    <b)    by  the   au- 
thority of  any  of  its  possessions,   except    the 
amount    of    income,    war    profits    and    excess 
fin0,?1^*68    flowed    as    a  credit    under   sec- 
tion   222;    or     (c)     by    the    authority    of    anv 
state   or  territory,    or  any   county,    school  dis- 
trict.     municipality     or     other     taxing-    subdi- 
vision  of   any    state    or    ten-itory,    not    includ 
'nf-  ,those   assessed  -  a§rainst   l°cal  benefits  of  a 
kind    tending    to    increase    the    value    of    tho 
property   assessed;    or    (d)    in   the   case   ef    a 
citizen   or   resident   of   the    United    Stales     by" 
the   authority   of   any  foreign   country?  except 
the  amount  of  income,  -war-profits  and  exce«V- 
profits   taxes   allowed   as 

sss  ^  &&£ 

foreign  country,  except  income, 
and  excess-profits  taxes,  and  taxes 
agam,t  local  benefits  of  a  kind  tending  to  in 
crease  the  value  of  the  property  assessed 
upon  property  or  business;  edt 

(4)  Losses     sustained    during    the     taxable 
T  not    compensated    for    **   insurant 


exce«- 
credit    under 


. 

erwise,  if  incurred  in  trade  or  business- 
(5)    Losses     sustained     during     the     taxable 
year  and  not  compensated  for  by  insurance  cr 


any   transactin   en- 

*        *      >  K>  .thou^h    not    connected 

the  trade  or  business;  but  in  the  case 
of  a  nonresident  alien  individual  only  as  to 
such  transactions  within  the  United  States- 

(6)   Losses     sustained    during     the     taxable 

vear  of  property  not  connected  with  the  trade 

or    business,  (but   in    the    case    of   a   nonrlsi- 

?  IT  -?nH  ^'Ydual    only    property    within 

he     United     States)     if     arising     from     fires. 

tortns.    shipwreck  or  other  casualty,   or  from 


*  asc?rtained   to   be   worthless  and 

harged  off  within  the  taxable  year- 

(8)  A     reasonable    allowance    for    the    ex- 
laustion,     wear    and    tear    of    property    used 
n  the  trade   or  business,   including   a  reason- 
ble   allowance   for  obsolescence; 

(9)  In    the    case    of    buildings,    machinery. 
qmpment     or     other     facilities     constructed 
rected,    instnlled     or    acquired,     on    or    after 
.pril   6.    1917.   for  the   production   of  articlet 
ontributing   to    the    prosecution    of   the   pres- 
nt  war,   and  in  the  case  of  vessels  construc-l- 
d  or  acquired  on  or  after  such   date  for   the 
ransportation    of    articles    or    men    contribul- 
ng    to    the    prosecution    of    the    present    war. 
lere    shall    be    allowed    a    reasonable    deduc- 
on  for  the  amortization  of  such  part  of  the 
ost  of  such  facilities  or  vessels  as  has  been 
orne  by  the  taxpayer,   but  not   again  includ- 
ig     any     amount     otherwise     allowed     under 
lis   title    pr   previous    acts    of   congress    as    a 
sductipn   in   computing  net  income.      At    any 
me  within  three  years  after  the  termination 
f  the  present  war    the  commissioner  may,  and 
t    the    request    of    the    taxpayer    shall,    re- 


_*    A»          ,        j —     — i—       .       *•  «•«,     *Vi     tsiA.*ijw^a  •       VI.A^       IC-VIUCOL       \j±       IAIC       taAUdjci        oilall, 

ol  the  trade  or  business,  of  property  to  which  examine   the   return,   and  if  he  then  finds 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   19:20. 


41 


a  result  of  an  appraisal  or  from  other  evi- 
dence that  the  deduction  originally  allowed 
was  incorrect,  the  taxes  imposed  by  this  title 
and  by  Title  III.  for  the  year  or  years  af- 
fected shall  be  redetermined;  and  the  amount 
of  tax  due  upon  such  redetermination,  if  any, 
shall  be  paid  upon  notice  and  demand  by 
the  collector,  or  the  amount  of  tax  overpaid, 
if  any,  shall  be  credited  or  refunded  to  the 
taxpayer  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  section  252: 

(10)  In  the  ease  of  mines,  oil  and  g-as  wells, 
other    natural    deposits     and    timber,     a    rea- 
sonable   allowance    for    depletion    and    for    de- 
preciation  of   improvements,    according-  to  the 
peculiar   conditions  in   each   case,   based   upon 
cost   including-  cost  of  development  not   other- 
wise   deducted:     Provided,    That    in    the    case 
of    such    properties    acquired    prior    to    March 
1,    1913,    the   fair  market  value    of  the  prop- 
erty   (or   the    taxpayer's    interest    therein)    on 
that    date    shall   be   taken  in  lieu   of  cost   up 
to  that  date;      Provided  further.   That   in  the 
case   of    mines,    oil    and    g-as    wells,    discovered 
by  the  taxpayer,   on  or  after  March   1,   1913, 
and    not    acquired    as   the    result    of   purchase 
of    a    proven    tract    or    lease,    where    the    fair 
market    value    of    the    property    is    materially 
disproportionate  to  the  cost,   the  depletion  al- 
lowance   shall    be    based    upon    the    fair    mar- 
ket  value  of  the  property  at  the  date  of  the 
discovery,    or    within    thirty    days    thereafter; 
such    reasonable    allowance    in    all    the    above 
cases    to    be    made    under    rules    and    regula- 
tions    to    be    prescribed    by    the    commissioner 
with   the    approval    of   the   secretary.      In   the 
case  of  leases  the  deductions  allowed  by  this 
paragraph   shall   be  equitably   apportioned   be- 
tween the  lessor  and  lessee; 

(11)  Contributions     or    gifts     made    within 
the    taxable    year    to    corporations    organized 
and   operated    exclusively    for   religious,    char- 
itable,     scientific      or     educational     purposes, 
or   for   the   prevention    of    cruelty   to   children 
or   animals,    no    part    of   the    net   earnings    of 
which    inures    to    the   benefit    of    any    private 
stockholder    or    individual,    or    to    the    special 
lund   for  vocational   rehabilitation    authorized 
by   section    7    of   the  vocational   rehabilitation 
act,    to   an    amount    not    in   excess    of    15    per 
centum   of  the  taxpayer's  net  income  as  com- 
puted  without  the   benefit    of    this  paragraph. 
Such  contributions  or  gifts  shall  be  allowable 
as  deductions  only  if  verified  under  rules  and 
regulations    prescribed    by    the    commissioner, 
with    the    approval    of  the   secretary.      In    the 
case  of  a  nonresident  alien  individual  this  de- 
duction shall  be  allowed  only   as  to  contribu- 
tions  or  gifts  made  to  domestic  corporations, 
or    to    such   vocational    rehabilitation   fund; 

(12)  (a)    At   the   time    of    filing-  return   for 
the  taxable  year  1918   a  taxpayer  may  file  a 
claim    iri    abatement    based    on   the    fact    that 
he   has  sustained  a  substantial   loss    (whether 
or  not   actually  realized  by  sale  or  other  dis- 
position)   resulting-    from    any   material   reduc- 
tion   (not    due    to    temporary    fluctuation)    of 
the  value    of   the   inventory   for   such   taxable 
year,    or    from    the    actual    payment    after    the 
close  of  such  taxable  year  of  rebates  in  pur- 
suance  of   contracts  entered   into   during-  such 
year   upon   sales   made   during-  such  year.      In 
such  case  payment  of  the  amount   of  the   tax 
covered   by   such   claim    shall   not   be  required 
until   the   claim    is   decided,    but    the  taxpayer 
shall    accompany    his    claim    with    a    bond    in 
double  the  amount  of  the  tax  covered  by  the 
claim,    with    sureties   satisfactory   to   the   com- 
missioner, conditioned  for  the  payment  of  any 
part    of    such    tax    found    to    be    due,    with 
interest.      If    any    part    of    such    claim   is   dis- 
allowed   then   the    remainder    of    the   tax    due 
shall   on   notice    and   demand  by   the   collector 
be  paid  by  the  taxpayer  with  interest  at  the 
rate   ol    1    per    centum    per    month    from    the 


time  the  tax  would  have  been  due  had  no 
such  claim  been  filed.  If  it  is  shown  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  commissioner  that 
such  substantial  loss  has  been  sustained, 
then  in  computing-  the  tax  imposed  by  this 
title  the  amount  of  such  loss  shall  be  de- 
ducted from  the  net  income.  (b)  If  no  such 
claim  is  filed,  but  it  is  shown  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  commissioner  that  during-  the 
taxable  year  1919  the  taxpayer  has  sustained 
a  substantial  loss  of  the  character  above  de- 
scribed then  the  amount  of  such  loss  shall  be 
deducted  from  the  net  income  for  the  taxable 
year  1918  and  the  tax  imposed  by  this  title 
for  such  year  shall  be  redetermined  accord- 
ingly. Any  amount  found  to  be  due  to  the 
taxpayer  upon  the  basis  of  such  redetermina- 
tion shall  be  credited  or  refunded  to  the  tax- 
payer in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
section-  252. 

(b)  In  the  case  of  a  nonresident  alien  in- 
dividual the  deductions  allowed  in  paragraphs 
(1),  (4),  (7),  (8),  (9),  (10)  and  (12)  and 
clause  (e)  of  paragraph  (3)  of  subdvision 
(a)  shall  be  allowed  only  if  and  to  the  ex- 
tent that  they  are  connected  with  inc9me 
arising  from  a  source  within  the  United 
Sates;  and  the  proper  apportionment  and 
allocation  of  the  deductions  with  respect  to 
sources  of  income  within  and  without  the 
United  States  shall  be  determined  under  rules 
and  regulations  prescribed  by  the  commis- 
sioner with  the  approval  of  the  secretary. 

Items  Not  Deductible. 

Sec.  215.  That  in  computing-  net  income  no 
deduction  shall  in  any  case  be  allowed  in  re- 
spect of — 

(a)  Personal,   living  or  family  expenses: 

(b)  Any  amount  paid  out  for  new  buildings 
or  for  permanent  improvements  or  betterments 
made  to  increase  the  value  of  any  property  or 
estate; 

(c)  Any  amonut  expended  in  restpring  prop- 
erty or  in  making  good  the  exhaustion  thereof 
for     which     an     allowance     is     or     has     been 
made:  or 

(d)  Premiums    paid    on    any    life    insurance 
policy  covering  the  life  of  any  officer  or  em- 
ploye,   or   of   any  person   financially  interested 
in    any    trade    or   business    carried    on    by    the 
taxpayer,  when  the  taxpayer  is  directly  or  in- 
directly a  beneficiary  under  such  policy. 

Credits  Allowed. 

See.  216.  That  for  the  purpose  of  the  nor- 
mal tax  only  there  shall  be  allowed  the  fol- 
lowing credits: 

(a)  The  amount  received  as  dividends  from 
a  corporation  which  is  taxable  under  this  title 
upon  its  net  income,  and  amounts  received  as 
dividends  from  a   personal  service  corporation 
out  of  earnings  or  profits  upon  which  income 
tax  has  been  imposed  by  act  of  cpngress; 

(b)  The    amount    received   as   interest   upon 
obligations  of  the  United  States  and  bonds  is- 
sued by  the  war  finance  corporation,  which  is 
included  in  gross  income  under  section  213: 

(c)  In   the  case    of   a   single   person,    a   per- 
sonal exemption  of   §1,000,   or  in  the  case  of 
the  head  of  a  family  or  a  married  person  liv- 
ing with  husband  or  wife,   a  personal  exemp- 
tion   of    S2.000.      A    husband   and   wife   living- 
together    shpll    receive    but    one    personal    ex- 

mption  of  S2.000  against  their  aggregate  net 
income:  and  in  case  they  make  separate  re- 
turns, the  personal  exemption  of  S2.000  may 
be  taken  by  either  or  divided  between  them: 

(d)  S200   for  each   person    (other  than  hus- 
band   or   wife)    dependent   upon    and   receiving 
his  chief    support   from   the   taxpayer,  if  such 
dependent    person    is    under    18    years    of    age 
or  is  incapable  of  self-support  because  mentally 
or  physically  defective: 

(e)  In  the  case  of  a  nonresident  alien  indi- 
vidual who  is  a  citizen  or  subject  of  a  coun- 
try which  imposes  an  income  tax.   the  credits 


42 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAH-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


allowed  in  subdivisions  (c)  and  (d)  shall  be 
allowed  only  if  such  country  allows  a  similar 
credit  to  citizens  of  the  United  States  not  re- 
siding in  such  country. 

Nonresident    Aliens — Allowance    of    Deductions 
and  Credits. 

Sec.  217.  That  a  nonresident  alien  individual 
shall  receive  the  benefit  of  the  deductions  and 
credits  allowed  in  this  title  only  by  filing-  or 
causing  to  be  filed  with  the  collector  a  true 
and  accurate  return  of  his  total  income  re- 
ceived from  all  sources  corporate  or  other- 
wise in  the  United  States,  in  the  manner  pre- 
scribed by  this  title,  including  therein  all  the 
information  which  the  commissoner  may  deem 
necessary  for  the  calculation  of  such  deduc- 
tions and  credits:  Provided,  That  the  benefit 
of  the  credits  allowed  in  subdivisions  (e)  and 
(d)  of  section  216  may,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  commissioner,  and  except  as  otherwise  pro- 
vided in  subdivision  (e)  of  that  section,  be 
received  by  filing  a  claim  therefor  with  the 
withholding  agent.  In  case  of  failure  to  file 
a  return,  the  collector  shall  collect  the  tax  on 
such  income,  and  all  property  belonging  to 
such  nonresident  alien  individual  shall  be 
liable  to  distraint  for  the  tax. 
Partnerships  and  Personal  Service  Corporations. 

Sec.  218.  (a)  That  individuals  carrying  on 
business  in  partnership  shall  be  liable  for  in- 
come tax  only  in  their  individual  capacity. 
There  shall  be  included  in  computing  the  net 
income  of  each  partner  his  distributive  share, 
whether  distributed  or  not.  of  the  net  income 
of  the  partnership  for  the  taxable  year,  or. 
if  his  net  income  for  such  taxable  year  is 
computed  upon  the  basis  pf  a  period  differ- 
ent from  that  upon  the  basis  of  which  the  net 
income  of  the  partnership  is  computed,  then 
his  distributive  share  of  the  net  income  of  the 
partnership  for  any  accounting  period  of  the 
partnership  ending  within  the  fiscal  or  calen- 
dar year  upon  the  basis  of  which  the  part- 
ner's net  income  is  computed. 

The  partner  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  the 
normal  tax,  be  allowed  as  credits,  in  addition 
to  the  credits  allowed  to  him  under  section 
216,  his  proportionate  share  of  such  amounts 
specified  in  subdivisions  (a)  and  (b)  of  sec- 
tion 216  as  are  received  by  the  partnership. 

(b)  If   a   fiscal  year   of    a  partnership  ends 
during    a    calendar   year   for   which    the   rates 
of    tax    differ    from    those    for    the    preceding 
calendar   year,    then    (1)    the    rates    for    such 
preceding-    calendar    year    shall    apply    to    an 
amount  of  each  partner's  share  of  such  part- 
nership   net    income    equal    to    the    proportion 
which    the    part    of    such    fiscal    year    falling- 
within   such   calendar  year   bears   to   the   full 
fiscal  year,    and    (2)    the   rates   for  the  calen- 
dar year  during   which   such    fiscal  year  ends 
shall  apply  to  the  remainder. 

(c)  In  the  case  of  an  individual  member  of 
a  partnership  which  makes  return  for  a  fiscal 
year  beginning  in    1917    and   ending  in   1918, 
his  proportionate   share  of   any  excess  profits 
tax   imposed   upon   the  partnership   under  the 
revenue  act  of  1917  with  respect  to  that  part 
of   such  fiscal  year  falling  in   1917,   shall,   for 
the  purpose  of  determining  the  tax  imposed  by 
this  title,  be  credited  against   that  portion  of 
the   net   income   embraced  in   his  personal  re- 
turn for  the  taxable  year  1918  to  which  the 
rates  for  1917  apply. 

(d)  The  net  income  of  the  partnership  shall 
be  computed  in  the  same  manner  and  on  the 
same  basis  as  provided  in   section  212  except 
that  the  deduction  provid  d  in  paragraph   (11) 
of    subdivision    (a)    of   section    214    shall   not 
be  allowed. 

(e)  Personal    service    corporations   shall   not 
be    subject    to    taxation    under    this    title,    but 
the    individual    stockholders    thereof    shall    be 
taxed  in   the  samo  manner  as  the  members  of 
partnerships.     All  the  provisions  of   this  title 


relating  to  partnerships  fnd  the  members 
thereof  shall  so  far  as  practicable  apply  to 
personal  service  corporations  and  the  stock- 
holders thereof:  Provided,  That  for  the  pur- 
pose of  this  subdivision  amounts  distributed 
by  a  personal  service  corporation  during  its 
taxable  year  shall  be  accpunted  for  by  the 
distributees;  and  any  portion  of  the  net  in- 
come remaining  undistributed  at  the  close  of 
its  taxable  year  shall  be  accounted  for  by  the 
stockholders  of  such  corporation  at  the  close 
of  its  taxable  year  in  proportion  to  their  re- 
spective shares. 

Estates  and  Trusts. 

Sec.  219.  (a)  That  the  tax  imposed  by  sec- 
tions 210  and  211  shall  apply  to  the  income 
of  estates  or  of  any  kind  of  property  held 
in  trust,  including— 

(1)  Income  received  by  estates   of  deceased 
persons  during  the  period  of  administration  or 
settlement  of  the  estate; 

(2)  Income    accumulated    in    trust    for    the 
benefit  of  unborn  or  unascertained  persons  or 
persons  with  contingent  interests; 

(3)  Income  held  for  future  distribution  tin- 
der the  terms  of  the  will  or  trust;  and 

(4)  Income    which    is    to    be    distributed   to 
the  beneficiaries   periodically,    whether   or  not 
at  regular  intervals,   and  the  income  collected 
by  a  guardian  of  an  infant  to  be  held  or  dis- 
tributed as  the  court  may  direct.     . 

(b)  The    fiduciary    shall   be    responsible    for 
makiiig   the   return    of  income   for   the   estate 
or  trust   for  which  he   acts.    The  net  income 
of   the   estate   or   trust   shall  be   computed   in 
the    same  manner   and   on   the    same   basis   as 
provided    in    section    212,    except    that    there 
shall  also  be  allowed  as  a  deduction    (in  lieu 
of  the  deduction  authorized  by  paragraph  (11) 
of  subdivision    (a)    of   section   214)    any   part 
of   the   gross   income   which,    pursuant  to  the 
terms  of  the  will  or  deed  creating-  the  trust,  is 
during  the  taxable  year  paid  to  or  permanently 
set    aside    for    the    United    States,    any    state, 
territory,   or  any  political   subdivision  thereof, 
or   the  District   of  Columbia,    or  any  corpora- 
tion   organized    and    Operated    exclusively    for 
religious,    charitable,    scientific    or   educational 
purposes,   or  for  the  prevention   of  cruelty   to 
children  or  animals,  no  part  of  the  net  earn- 
ings   of    which    inures    to   the   benefit    of    any 
private     stockholder     or    individual;     and     in 
cases  under  paragraph   (4)    of  subdivision   (a) 
of   this   section  the    fiduciary   shall  include  in 
the   return   a   statement    of   each    beneficiary's 
distributive  share  of  such  net  income,  whether 
or    not    distributed    before    the    close    of    the 
taxable  year  for  which  the  return  is  made. 

(c)  In  cases   under  paragraph    (1),    (2)    or 
(3)    of   subdivision    (a)    the  tax  shall  be  im- 
posed  upon   the    net  income   of   the   estate   or 
trust  and  shall  be  paid  by  the  fiduciary,  ex- 
cept that  in  determining  the  net  income  of  the 
estate     of     any     deceased    person    during-    the 
period    of    administration    or    settlement    there 
may  be  deducted  the   amount    of    any  income 
properly  paid  or  credited  to  any  legatee,   heir 
or  other  beneficiary.     In  such  cases  the  estate 
or  trust  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  the  normal 
tax.    be    allowed    the    same   credits    as    are   al- 
lowed to  single  persons  under  section  216. 

(d)  In   cases   under  paragraph    (4)    of    sub- 
division   (a),   and  in   the  case   of   any  income 
of   an  estate  during  the  period  of  administra- 
tion   or    settlement     permitted    by    subdivision 
(c)    to  be  deducted  from  the  net  income  upon 
which  tax  is  to  be  paid  by  the  fiduciary,  the 
tax    shall    not   be    paid   by   the    fiduciary,    but 
there  shall  be  included  in  computing  the  net 
income    of    each    beneficiary    his    distributive 
share,  whether  distributed  or  not,    of  the  net 
income  of  the  estate  or  trust  for  the  taxable 
year,    or,   if  his   net   income    for  such   taxable 
year  is  computed  upon   the  basis  of   a  period 
different    from  that   upon  the   basis   of   which 
the  net  income  of  the  estate  or  trust  is  com- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


puted,  thea  his  distributive  share  of  the  net 
income  of  the  estate  or  trust  for  any  ac- 
counting- period  of  such  estate  or  trust  end- 
ing- within  the  fiscal  or  calendar  year  upon 
the  basis  of  which  such  beneficiary's  net  in- 
come is  computed.  In  such  cases  the  bene- 
ficiary shall,  for  the  purpose  of  the  normal 
tax  be  allowed  as  credits  in  addition  to  the 
credits  allowed  to  him  under  section  216,  his 
proportionate  share  of  such  amounts  specified 
in  subdivisions  (a)  and  (b)  of  section  216 
as  are  received  by  the  estate  or  trust. 

Profits  of  Corporations   Taxable  to  Stock- 
holders. 

Sec.  220.  That  if  any  corporation,  however 
created  or  organized,  is  formed  or  availed  of 
for  the  purpose  of  preventing-  the  imposition 
of  the  surtax  upon  its  stockholders  or  mem- 
bers through  the  medium  of  permitting  its 
g-ains  and  profits  to  accumulato  instead  of 
being-  divided  or  distributed,  such  corporation 
shall  not  be  subject  to  the  tax  imposed  by 
section  230.  but  the  stockholders  or  members 
thereof  shall  be  subject  to  taxation  under  this 
title  in  the  same  manner  ,as  provided  in  sub- 
division (e)  of  section  218  in  the  case  of 
stockholders  of  a  personal  service  corporation, 
except  that  the  tax  imposed  by  Title  III.  shall 
be  deducted  from  the  net  income  of  the  cor- 
poration before  the  computation  of  the  pro- 
portionate share  of  each  stockholder  or  mem- 
ber. The  fact  that  any  corporation  is  a  mere 
holding1  company,  or  that  the  gains  and  profits 
are  permitted  to  accumulate  beyond  the  rea- 
sonable needs  of  the  business,  shall  be  pnma 
facie  evidence  of  a  purpose  to  escape  the  sur- 
tax- but  the  fact  that  the  gains  and  profits 
are  in  any  case  permitted  to  accumulate  and 
become  surplus  shall  not  be  construed  as  evi- 
dence of  a  purpose  to  escape  the  tax  in  such 
case  unless  the  commissioner  certifies  that  in 
his  opinion  such  accumulation  is  unreasonable 
for  the  purposes  of  the  business.  When  re- 
quested by  the  commissioner,  or  any  collector, 
every  corporation  shall  forward  to  him  a 
correct  statement  of  such  gains  and  profits 
and  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  individuals 
or  shareholders  who  would  be  entitled  to  the 
same  if  divided  or  distributed,  and  of  the 
amounts  that  would  be  payable  to  each. 
Payment  of  Tax  at  Source. 

Sec.  221.  (a)  That  all  individuals,  corpora- 
tions and  partnerships,  in  whatever  capacity 
acting,  including  lessees  or  mortgagors  of  real 
or  personal  property,  fiduciaries,  employers 
and  all  officers  and  employes  of  the  United 
States,  having-  the  control,  receipt,  custody, 
disposal,  or  payment,  of  interest,  rent,  salaries, 
wages,  premiums,  annuities,  compensations,  re- 
munerations, emoluments,  „'»'  other  fixed  or 
determinable  annual  or  periodical  gains,  profits 
and  income,  of  any  nonresident  alien  individual 
(other  than  income  received  as  dividends  from 
a  corporation  which  is  taxable  under  this  title 
upon  its  net  income)  shall  (except  in  the 
cases  provided  for  in  subdivision  (b)  and  ex- 
cept as  otherwise  provided  in  regulations  pre- 
scribed by  the  commissioner  under  section 
217)  deduct  and  -withhold  from  such  annual 
or  periodical  gains,  profits  and  income  a  tax 
equal  to  8  per  centum  thereof:  Provided, 
That  the  commissioner  may  authorize  such 
tax  to  be  deducted  and  withheld  from  the  in- 
terest upon  any  securities  the  owners  of  which 
are  not  known  to  the  withholding  agent. 

(b)  In  any  case  where  bonds,  mortgages  or 
deeds  of  trust,  or  other  similar  obligations  of 
a  corporation  contain  a  contract  or  provision 
by  which  the  obligor  agrees  to  pay  any  por- 
tion of  the  tax  imposed  by  this  title  upon  the 
obligee,  or  to  reimburse  the  obligee  for  any 
portion  of  the  tax,  or  to  pay  the  interest 
without  deduction  for  any  t°x  which"  the 
Obligor  may  be  required  or  permitted  to  pay 
thereon  or  to  retain  therefrom  under  any  law 


of  the  United  States,  the  obligor  shall  deduct 
and  withhold  a  tax  equal  to  2  per  centum  of 
the  interest  upon  such  bonds,  mortgages, 
deeds  of  trust  or  other  obligations,  whether 
such  interest  is  payable  annually  or  at  shorter 
or  longer  periods  and  whether  payable  to  a 
•nonresident  alien  individually  or  to  an  indi- 
vidual citizen  or  resident  of  the  United  States 
or  to  a  partnership:  Provided,  That  the  com- 
missioner may  authorize  such  tax  to  be  de- 
ducted and  withheld  in  the  case  of  interest 
upon  any  such  bonds,  mortgages,  deeds  of 
trust  or  other  obligations,  the  owners  of  which 
are  not  known  to  the  withholding  agent.  Such 
deduction  and  withholding  shall  not  be  re- 
quired in  the  case  of  a  citizen  or  resident 
entitled  to  receive  such  interest,  if  he  files 
with  the  withholding  agent  on  or  before  Feb. 
1,  a  signed  notice  in  writing  claiming  the 
benefit  of  the  credits  provided  in  subdivisions 
(c)  and  (d)  of  section  216;  nor  in  the  case 
of  a  nonresident  alien  individual  if  so  provided 
for  in  regulations  prescribed  by  the  commis- 
sioner under  section  217. 

(c)  Every   individual,    corporation,    or   part- 
nership  required    to   deduct   and   withhold   any 
tax     under    this     section     shall    make    return 
thereof    on    or   before  March    1    of   each   year 
and  shall  on   or  before  June  15   pay  the  tax 
to    the    official    of    the    United    States   govern- 
ment authorized  to  receive  it.     Eveiy  such  in- 
dividual,  corporation  or  partnership  is  hereby 
made  liable  for  such  tax  and  is  hereby  indem- 
nified against  the  claims  and  demands  of  any 
individual,   corporation   or  partnership  for  the 
amount   of  any   payments  made  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  this  section. 

(d)  Income  upon  which  any  tax  is  required 
to  be  withheld   at  the   source  under  this  sec- 
tion  shall   be   included   in    the   return    of   the 
recipient  of  sudh  income,  but   any   amount  of 
tax  so  withheld  shall  be  credited  against  the 
amount   of   income  tax   as   computed  in  such 
return. 

(e)  If  any  tax  required   under  this   section 
to   be  deducted   and   withheld   is   paid  by   the 
recipient    of    the   income,    it    shall    not    be    re- 
collected from   the   withholding  agent:    nor  in 
cases  in  which   the   tax  is  so  paid   shall   any 
penalty  be  imposed  iipon  or  collected  from  the 
recipient    of    the    income    or    the    withholding 
agent   for  failure  to   return   or   pay  the   same, 
unless  such  failure  was  fraudulent  and  for  the 
purpose  of  evading  payment. 

Credit  for  Taxes. 

Sec.  222.  (a)  That  the  tax  computed  under 
Part  II.  of  this  title  shall  be  credited  with: 

(1)  In  the  caso  of  a   citizen  of   the  United 
States,  the  amount  of  any  income,  war  profits 
and     excess     profits     taxes     paid     during     the 
taxable    year    to    any    foreign    country,     upon 
income    derived    from    sources    therein,    or    to 
any  possession  of  the  United  States:  and 

(2)  In  the  case  of  a  resident  of  the  United 
States    the    amount    of    any    such    taxes    paid 
duriner  the  tnxable  year  to  any  possession  of 
the  United  States;   and 

(3)  In  the  case   of  an  alien  resident  of  the 
United  States   who  is   a  citizen   or  subject   of 
a    foreign   country,    the   amount    of    any    such 
taxes    paid   during    the    taxable    year    to    such 
country,    upon    income    derived    from    sources 
therein,    if    such    country,    in    imposing    such 
taxes,  allows  a  similar  credit  to  citizens  of  the 
United  States  residing  in  such   country;   and 

(-1)  In  the  case  of  any  such  individual  who 
is  a  member  of  a  partnership  or  a  beneficiary 
of  an  estate  or  trust,  his  proportionate  share 
of  such  taxos  of  th^  pai-tnershin  or  the  estate 
or  trust  paid  during-  the  taxable  year  to  a 
foreign  country  or  to  any  possession  of  the 
United  States,  as  the  case  may  b". 

(b)  If  accrued  taxes  when  paid  differ  from 
the  amounts  claimed  as  credits  by  the  tax- 
payer, or  if  any  tax  paid  is  refunded  in  whole 


44 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


or  in  part,  the  taxpayer  shall  notify  the  com- 
missioner, who  shall  redetermine  the  amount 
of  the  tax  due  under  Part  II.  of  this  title  for 
the  year  or  years  affected,  and  the  amount  of 
tax  due  upon  such  redetermination,  if  any. 
shall  be  paid  by  the  taxpayer  upon  notice  and 
demand  by  the  collector,  or  the  amount  of 
tax  overpaid,  if  any,  shall  be  credited  or  re 
funded  to  the  taxpayer  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  section  252.  In  the  case  of  such 
a  tax  accrued  but  not  paid,  the  commissioner 
as  a  condition  precedent  to  the  allowance  of 
this  credit  may  require  the  taxpayer  to  give  a 
bond  with  sureties  satisfactory  to  and  to  be 
approved  by  the  commissioner  in  such  pena] 
sum  as  the  commissioner  may  require,  condi 
tioned  for  the  payment  by  the  taxpayer  of  any 
amount  of  tax  found  due  upon  any  such  re- 
determination;  and  the  bond  herein  prescribed 
shall  contain  such  further  conditions  as  the 
commissioner  may  require. 

(c)  These  credits  shall  be  altowed  only  if  the 
taxpayer  furnishes  evidence  satisfactory  to  the 
commissioner  showing-  the  amount  of  income 
derived  from  sources  within  such  foreign  coun- 
try or  such  possession  of  the  United  States, 
and  all  other  information  necessary  for  the 
computation  of  such  credits. 

Individual  Returns. 
Sec.  223.  That  every  individual  having-  a  net 
income  for  the  taxable  year  of  $1,000  or  over 
if  single  or  if  married  and  not  living-  with 
husband  or  wife,  or  of  $2,000  or  over  if 
married  and  living1  with  husband  or  wife, 
shall  make  under  oath  a  return  stating-  spe- 
cifically the  items  of  his  gross  income  and 
the  deductions  and  credits  allowed  by  this 
title.  If  a  husband  and  wife  living-  together 
have  an  aggregate  net  income  of  $2,000  or 
over,  each  shall  make  such  -a  return  unless 
the  income  of  each  is  included  in  a  single 
joint  return. 

If  the  taxpayer  is  unable  to  make  his  own 
return,  the  return  shall  be  made  by  a  duly 
authorized  agent  or  by  the  guardian  or  other 
person  charged  with  the  care  of  the  person 
or  property  of  such  taxpayer. 

Partnership  Returns. 

Sec.  224.  That  every  partnership  shall  make 
a  return  for  each  taxable  year,  stating-  spe- 
cifically the  items  of  its  gross  income  and  the 
deductions  allowed  by  this  title,  and  shall  in- 
clude in  the  return  the  names  and  addresses 
of  the  individuals  who  would  be  entitled  to 
share  in  the  net  income  if  distributed  and  the 
amount  of  the  distributive  share  of  each  indi- 
vidual. The  return  shall  be  sworn  to  by  any 
one  of  the  partners. 

Fiduciary  Returns. 

Sec.  225.  That  every  fiduciary  (except  re- 
ceivers appointed  by  authority  of  law  in  pos- 
session of  part  only  of  the  property  of  an  in- 
dividual) shall  make  under  oath  a  return  for 
the  individual,  estate  or  trust  for  which  he 
acts  (1)  if  the  net  income  of  such  individual 
is  351,000  or  over  if  single  or  if  married  and 
not  hying-  with  husband  or  wife,  or  $2,000  or 
over  if  married  and  living-  with  husband  or 
wife,  or  (2)  if  the  net  income  of  such  estate 
or  trust  is  $1,000  or  over  or  if  any  beneficiary 
of  such  estate  or  trust  is  a  nonresident  alien, 
stating-  specifically  the  items  of  the  gross  in- 
come and  the  deductions  and  credits  allowed 
by  this  title.  Under  such  regulations  as  the 
commissioner  with  the  approval  of  the  secre- 
tary may  prescribe,  a  return  made  by  one  of 
two  or  more  joint  fiduciaries  and  filed  in  the 
office  of  the  collector  of  the  district  where 
such  fiduciary  resides  shall  be  a  sufficient  com- 
pliance with  the  above  requirement.  The 
fiduciary  shall  make  oath  that  he  has  suffi- 
cient knowledg-e  of  the  affairs  of  such  indi- 
vidual, estate  or  trust  to  enable  him  to  make 
the  return,  and  that  the  same  is,  to  the  best 
of  his  knowledg-e  and  belief,  true  and  correct. 


Fiduciaries  required  to  make  returns  under 
this  act  shall  be  subject  to  all  the  provisions 
of  this  act  which  apply  to  individuals. 
Returns  When  Accounting  Period  Changed. 
Sec.  226.  That  if  a  taxpayer,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  commissioner,  chang-es  the  basia 
of  computing-  net  income  from  fiscal  year  to 
calendar  year  a  separate  return  shall  be  made 
for  the  period  between  the  close  of  the  last 
fiscal  year  for  which  return  was  made  and  the 
following-  Dec.  31.  If  the  change  is  from  cal* 
endar  year  to  fiscal  year,  a  separate  return 
shall  be  made  for  the  period  between  the  close 
of  the  last  calendar  year  for  which  return  was 
made  and  the  date  designated  as  the  close  ol 
the  fiscal  year.  If  the  change  is  from  one 
fiscal  year  to  another  fiscal  year  a  separate 
return  shall  be  made  for  the  period  betweec 
the  close  of  the  former  fiscal  year  and  the 
date  designated  as  the  close  of  the  new  fisca: 
year.  If  a  taxpayer  making  his  first  returr 
for  income  tax  keeps  his  accounts  on  the  basis 
of  a  fiscal  year  he  shall  make  a  separate  re- 
turn for  the  period  between  the  beginning  oJ 
the  calendar  year  in  which  such  fiscal  yeai 
ends  and  the  end  of  such  fiscal  year. 

In  all  of  the  above  cases  the  net  income 
shall  be  computed  on  the  basis  of  such  perioc 
for  which  separate  return  is  made,  and  the 
tax  shall  be  paid  thereon  at  the  rate  for  the 
calendar  year  in  which  such  period  is  in- 
cluded: and  the  credits  provided  in  subdivi- 
sions (c)  and  (d)  of  section  216  shall  be  re- 
duced respectively  to  amounts  which  bear  the 
same  ratio  to  the  full  credits  provided  in  suet 
subdivisions  as  the  number  of  months  IB 
such  period  bears  to  twelve  months. 

Time  and  Place  for  Filing  Returns. 
Sec.  227.  (a)  That  returns  shall  be  made 
on  or  before  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  third 
month  following-  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year, 
or,  if  the  return  is  made  on  the  basis  of  the 
calendar  year,  then  the  return  shall  be  made 
on  or  before  the  15th  day  of  March.  The 
commissioner  may  grant  a  reasonable  exten- 
sion of  time  for  filing  returns  whenever  in  his 
judgment  good  cause  exists  and  shall  keep 
a  record  of  every  such  extension  and  the  rea- 
son therefor.  Except  in  the  case  of  tax- 
payers who  are  abroad,  no  such  extension  shall 
be  for  more  than  six  months. 

(b)  Returns  shall  be  made  to  the  collector 
for  the  district  in  which  is  located  the  legal 
residence  or  principal  place  of  business  of  the 
person  making-  the  return,  or,  if  he  has  no 
legal  residence  or  principal  place  of  business 
in  the  United  States,  then  to  the  collector  at 
Baltimore,  Md. 

Understatement  in  Returns. 
Sec.  228.  That  if  the  collector  or  deputy  col- 
lector has  reason  to  believe  that  the  amount 
of  any  income  returned  is  understated,  he 
shall  give  due  notice  to  the  taxpayer  making- 
the  return  to  show  cause  why  the  amount  of 
the  return  should  not  be  increased,  and  upon 
proof  of  the  amount  understated,  may  increase 
the  same  accordingly.  Such  taxpayer  may 
furnish  sworn  testimony  to  prove  any  relevant 
facts  and  if  dissatisfied  with  the  decision  of 
the  collector  may  appeal  to  the  commissioner 
for  his  decision,  under  such  rules  of  pro- 
cedure as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  commis- 
sioner with  the  approval  of  the  secretary. 
PART  III.— CORPORATIONS. 

Tax  on  Corporations. 

Sec.  230.  (a)  That,  in  lieu  of  the  taxes  im- 
posed by  section  10  of  the  revenue  act  of 
1916,  as  amended  by  the  revenue  act  of  1917, 
and  by  section  4  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917, 
there  shall  be  levied,  collected  and  paid  for 
each  taxable  year  upon  the  net  income  of  every 
corporation  a  tax  at  the  following-  rates: 

(1)  For  the  calendar  year  1918.  12  per 
centum  of  the  amount  of  the  net  income  in 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


45 


excess  of  the  credits  provided  in  section  236: 
and 

(2)  For  each  calendar  year  thereafter.  10 
per  centum  of  such  excess  amount. 

(b)  For  the  purposes  of  the  act  approved 
March  21.  1918,  entitled  "An  act  to  provide 
for  the  operation  of  transportation  systems 
while  under  federal  control,  for  the  just  com- 
pensation of  their  owners,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses." five-sixths  of  the  tax  imposed  by  para- 
graph (1)  of  subdivision  (a)  and  four-fifths 
of  the  tax  imposed  by  paragraph  (2)  of  sub- 
division (a)  shall  be  treated  as  levied  by  an 
act  in  amendment  of  Title  I.  of  the  revenue 
act  of  1917. 

Conditional  and  Other  Exemptions. 

Sec.  231.  That  the  following-  organizations 
shall  be  exempt  from  taxation  under  this 
title— 

(1)  Labor,    agricultural  or  horticultural  or- 
ganizations; 

(2)  Mutual  saving's  banks  not  having  a  cap- 
ital  stock  represented  by  shares; 

(3)  Fraternal  beneficiary  societies,  orders  or 
associations,     (a)     operating    under    the    lodge 
system    or    for    the    exclusive    benefit    of    the 
members  of  a  fraternity  itself  operating  under 
the   lodge   system,    and    (b)    providing  for  the 
payment    of  life,    sick,   accident   or   other  ben- 
efits to  the  members  of  such  society,  order  or 
association  or  their  dependents; 

(4)  Domestic  building  and  loan  associations 
and  co-operative  banks  without  capital   stock 
organized    and    operated   for    mutual   purposes  | 
and  without  profit; 

(5)  Cemetery  companies  owned  and  operated 
exclusively  for  the  benefit   of  their  members; 

(6)  Corporations  organized  and  operated  ex- 
clusively    for    religious,     charitable,     scientific 
or  educational  purposes,  or  for  the  prevention 
of   cruelty   to  children   or  animals,   no  part   of 
the  net  earnings  of  which  inures  tp  the  benefit 
of  any  private  stockholder  or  individual; 

(7)  Business  leagues,  chambers  of  commerce 
or  boards    of    trade,    not    organized    for   profit 
and    no    part    of    the    net    earnings    of    which 
inures  to  the  benefit  of  any  private  stockholder 
or  individual; 

(8)  Civic    leagues    or   organizations   not    or- 
ganized for  profit  but  operated  exclusively  for 
the  promotion  of   social  welfare; 

(9)  Clubs  organized  and  op3rated  exclusively 
for  pleasure,  recreation  and  other  nonprofitable 
purposes,  no  part  of  the  net  earnings  of  which 
inures    to    the    benefit    of    any    private    stock- 
holder or  member: 

(10)  Farmers'  or  other  mutual  hail,  cyclone 
or   fire   insurance   companies,   mutual  ditch   or 
irrigation    companies,    mutual    or    co-operative 
telephone  companies,    or  like  organizations   of 
a  purely  local  character,   the  income  'of  which 
consists    solely    of   assessments,    dues   and  fees 
collected   from  members  for   the  sole  purpose 
of  meeting-  expenses: 

(11)  Farmers',  fruit  growers'  or  like  associ- 
ations,  organized  and   operated  as  sales  agents 
for  the  purpose  of  marketing  the  products  of 
members   and   turning  back    to   them  the  pro- 
ceeds   of   sales,    less    the   necessary    selling  ex- 
penses,    on     the     bas's     of     the     quantity     of 
produce  furnished  by  them; 

(12)  Corporations    organized   for  the   exclu- 
sive purpose  of  holding  title  to  property,   col- 
lecting income  therefrom  and  turning  over  the 
entire  amount  thereof,  less  expenses,  to  an  or- 
ganization which  itself  is  exempt  from  the  tax 
imposed   by    this   title; 

(13)  Federal  land  banks  and  national  farm- 
loan    associations    as    provided    in    section    26 
of    the    act    approved   July    17,    1916.    entitled 

An  act  to  provide  capital  for  agricultural  de- 
velopment, to  create  standard  forms  of  invest- 
ment based  upon  farm  mortgage,  to  equalize 
rates  of  interest  upon  farm  loans,  to  furnish 
a  market  for  United  States  bonds,  to  create 


government    depositaries    and    financial    agents 
for  the  United  States  and  for  other  purposes": 

(14)    Personal    service    corporations. 
Net  Income  Defined. 

Sec.  232.  That  in  the  case  of  a  corporation 
subject  to  the  tax  imposed  by  section  230  the 
term  "net  income"  means  the  gross  income  as 
defined  in  section  233  less  the  deductions  al- 
lowed by  section  234.  and  the  net  income  shall 
be  computed  on  the  same  basis  as  is  pro- 
vided in  subdivision  (b)  of  section  212  or  in 
section  226. 

Gross  Income  Defined. 

Sec.  233.  (a)  That  in  the  case  of  a  cor- 
poration subject  to  the  tax  imposed  by  sec- 
tion 230  the  term  "gross  income"  means  the 
gross  income  as  defined  in  section  213.  ex- 
cept that: 

(1)  In  the  case  of  life  insurance  companies 
there    shall   not   be    included   in   gross   income 
such  portion  of  any   actual  premium  received 
from    any    individual    policyholder    as    is    paid 
back    or    credited   to   or  treated    as    an   abate- 
ment of  premium  of  such  policyholder  within 
the  taxable  year. 

(2)  Mutual  marine  insurance  companies  shall 
include    in   gross   income   the   gross    premiums 
collected   and   received  by   them   less   amounts 
paid  for  reinsurance. 

(b)  In  the  case  of  a  foreign  corporation 
gross  income  includes  only  the  gross  income 
from  sources  within  the  United  States,  in- 
cluding the  interest  on  bonds,  notes  or  other 
interest-bearing  obligations  of  residents,  cor- 
porate or  otherwise,  dividends  from  resident 
corporations,  and  including-  all  amounts  re- 
ceived (although  paid  under  a  contract  for 
the  sale  of  goods  or  otherwise)  representing 
profits  on  the  manufacture  and  disposition  of 
goods  within  the  United  States. 
Deductions  Allowed. 

Sec.  234.  (a)  That  in  computing  the  net 
income  of  a  corporation  subject  to  the  tax 
imposed  by  section  230  there  shall  be  allowed 
as  deductions: 

(1)  All  the  ordinary  and  necessary  expenses 
paid    or  incurred   during   the    taxable   year   in 
carrying  on  any  trade  or  business,  including  a 
reasonable  allowance  for  salaries  or  other  com- 
pensation   for    personal    services    actually    ren- 
dered, and  including  rentals  or  other  payments 
required    to    be    made    as    a    condition    to    the 
continued    use    or    possession    of    property    to 
which    the    corporation    has    not    taken    or    is 
not  taking  title,  or  in  which  it  has  no  equity; 

(2)  All  interest  paid  or  accrued  within  the 
taxable    year    on    its    indebtedness,    except    on 
indebtedness  incurred  or  continued  to  purchase 
or  carry   obligations  or  securities    (other  than 
obligations    of   the   United   States   issued   after 
Sept.    24,    1917)    the   interest    upon    which    is 
wholly  exempt  from  taxation   under  this  title 
as  income  to  the  taxpayer,  or,  in  the  case  of 
a   foreign  corporation,    the  proportion   of   such 
interest    which    the    amount    of    its    gross    in- 
come  from    sources    within    the   United    States 
bears  to  the  amount  of  its  gross  income  from 
all    sources    within    and    without    the    United 
States; 

(3)  Taxes  paid   or   accrued  within  the   tax- 
able year  imposed  (a)   by  the  authority  of  the 
United  States,   except  income,  war  profits  and 
excess  profits  taxes:    or    (b)    by  the  authority 
of  any  of  its  possessions,  except  the  amount  of 
income,    war    profits    and    excess   profits   taxes 
allowed  as  a  credit  under  section  238:  or    (c) 
by  the  authority  of  any  state  or  territory,  or 
any    county,    school    district,    municipality    or 
other  taxing   subdivision    of   any   state    or  ter- 
ritory,   not    including    those    assessed    against 
local  benefits  of  a  kind  tending  to  increase  the 
value  of  the  property  assessed;  or   (d)    in  the 
case    of    a    domestic    corporation,    by    the    au- 
thority   of    any    foreign    country,    except    the 
amount    of    income,    war    profits    and    excess 


46 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


profits  taxes  allowed  as  a  credit  under  sec- 
tion 238:  or  (e)  in  the  case  of  a  foreign  cor- 
poration, by  the  authority  of  any  foreign 
country  (except  income,  war  profits  and  ex- 
cess profits  taxes,  and  taxes  assessed  against 
local  benefits  of  a  kind  tending  to  increase  the 
value  of  the  property  assessed),  upon  the 
property  or  business:  Provided.  That  in  the 
case  of  obligors  specified  in  subdivision  (b) 
of  section  221  no  deduction  for  the  payment 
of  the  tax  imposed  by  this  title  or  any  other 
tax  paid  pursuant  to  the  contract  or  provi- 
sion referred  to  in  that  subdivision,  shall  be 

(4)  Losses  sustained  during-  the  taxable  year 
and    not     compensated    for    by    insurance    or 

(5)  Debts   ascertained  to   be   worthless    and 
charged  off  within  the  taxable  year; 

(6)  Amounts  received   as   dividends   from    a 
corporation   which   is   taxable   under  this  title 
upon  its  net  income,  and  amounts  received  as 
dividends  from  a  personal  service  corporation 
out  of  earnings  or  profits  upon  -which  income 
tax  has  been  imposed  by  act  of  congress; 

(7)  A  reasonable  allowance  for  the  exhaus- 
tion,  wear   and   tear  of   property  used  in  the 
trade   or  business,    including    a  reasonable    al- 
lowance for  obsolescence; 

(8)  In    the    case    of    buildings,    machinery, 
equipment     or     other     facilities     constructed 
erected,  installed  or  acquired,  on  or  after  April 
6     1917,    for  the    production   of    articles    con- 
tributing   to    the    prosecution    of    the    present 
war    and  in  the  case  of  vessels  constructed  or 
acquired  on  or  after  such  date  for  the  trans- 
portation   of    articles    or   men    contributing;  to 
the  prosecution  of  the  present  war,  there  shall, 
be    allowed    a    reasonable    deduction    for    the 
amortization  of  such  part  of  the  cost  of  such 
facilities  or  vessels  as  has  been  borne  by  the 
taxpayer,  but  not  again  including  any  amount 
otherwise  allowed  under  this  title  or  previous 
acts  of  congress  as  a  deduction  in  computing 
net  income.      At   any  time   within  three  years 
after  the  termination  of  the   present   war  the 
commissioner  may,   and  at  the  request  of  the 
taxpayer  shall,    re-examine   the   return,   and  if 
he   then  finds  as  a  result   of  an   appraisal,  or 
from  other  evidence  that  the  deduction  origi- 
nally allowed  was  incorrect,  the  taxes  imposed 
by   this   title    and    by   Title    III.   for    the   year 
or  years  affected  shall  be  redetermined  and  the 
amount  of  tax  due  upon  such  redetermination 
if  any,   shall  be  paid  upon  notice  and  demand 
by  the  collector,   or  the   amount  of  tax  over- 
paid   if  any,   shall  be  credited  or  refunded  to 
the    taxpayer    in    accordance    with    the    provi- 
sions of   section  252; 

(9)  In  the  case  of  mines,   oil  and  gas  wella. 
other   natural   deposits    and   timber,    a   reason- 
able allowance  for  depletion  and  for  depreda- 
tion of  improvements,   according  to  the  pecul- 
iar conditions   in   each    case,   based    upon    cost 
including-    cost    of    development    not    otherwise 
deducted:    Provided,  That  in  the  case  of  such 
properties    acquired    prior   to   March    1,    191,i. 
the  fair  market  value  of  the  property   (or  the 
taxpayer's  interest  therein)    on  that  date  shall 
be  taken  in  lieu  of  cost  up  to  that  date:    Pro- 
vided further.  That   in  the  case  of  mines,    oil 
and  pas  w^lls.   discovered  by  the  taxpayer  on 
or  after  March   1.    1913,   and  not   acquired   as 
the   result    of   purchase   of    a  proven   tract    or 
lease,    where    the    fair    market    value    of    the 
property  is  materially  disproportionate  to  the 
-cost     the   depletion     allowance    phall   be   based 
upon  the  fair  market  value  of  the  property  at 
the    date    of    the    discovery,    or    within    thirty 
days  thereafter;    such  reasonable  allowance  in 
all   the    above   cases   to   be    made   under   rules 
and  regulations  to   be  prescribed   by  the  com- 
missioner with   the  approval  of  the   secretary 
In   the   case   of   leases   the  deductions   allowed 
"by   this   paragraph    shall   be    equitably    appor- 
tioned between  the  lessor  and  lessee: 

(10)  In  the  case  of  insurance  companies,  in 


addition  to  the  above:  (a)  The  net  addition 
required  by  law  to  be  made  within  the  tax- 
able year  to  reserve  funds  (including  in  the 
case  of  assessment  insurance  companies  the 
actual  deposit  of  sums  with  state  or  terri- 
torial officers  pursuant  to  law  as  additions  to 
guaranty  or  reserve  funds)  ;  and  (b)  the  sums 
other  than  dividends  paid  within  the  taxable 
year  on  policy  and  annuity  contracts; 

(11)  In  the  case  of  corporations  issuing  pol- 
icies covering  life,   health  and  accident   insur- 
ance   combined    in    one    policy    issued    on    the 
\yeekly  premium  payment   plan  continuing  for 
life  and  not  subject  to  cancellation,  in  addition 
to  the  above,  such  portion  of  the  net  addition 
(not   required  by   law)    made   within  the  tax- 
able year  to  reserve  funds  as  the  commissioner 
finds  to  be  required  for  the  protection  of  the 
holders  of  such  policies  only; 

(12)  In   the   case    of   mutual    marine   insur- 
ance   companies,    there    shall    be    allowed,    in 
addition    to   the    deductions    allowed    in    para- 
graphs   (1)    to    (10),    inclusive,    amounts    re- 
paid to  policyholders  on  account  of  premiums 
previously    paid    by    them,    and    interest    paid 
upon  such  amounts  between  the  ascertainment 
and  the  payment  thereof: 

(13)  In  the  case  of  mutual  insurance  com- 
panies    (other    than    mutual    life    or    mutual 
marine    insurance    companies)    requiring    their 
members  to  make  premium  deposits  to  provide 
for    losses    and    expenses,    there    shall    be    al- 
lowed,  in    addition  to  the    deductions    allowed 
in  paragraphs    (1)    to    (10).   inclusive    (unless 
otherwise  allowed  under  such  paragraphs),  the 
amount  of  premium  deposits  returned  to  their 
policyholders  and  the  amount  of  premium  de- 
posits retained   for  the  payment   of  losses,   ex- 
penses and  reinsurance  reserves; 

(14)  (a)   At   the   time   of   filing   return   for 
the  taxable  year   1918  a  taxpayer  may  file   a 
claim  in  abatement  based  on  the  fact  that  he 
has   sustained   a   substantial   loss    (whether  or 
not    actually   realized    by   sale   or   other  dispo- 
sition)   resulting  from   any  material  reduction 
(not    due    to    temporary    fluctuation)     of    the 
value  of  the  inventory  for  such   taxable  year, 
or    from    the    actual    payment    after   the   close 
of   such  taxable  year  of  rebates  in  pursuance 
of    contracts    entered    into    during    such    year 
upon   sales  made  during   such  year.      In    such 
case  payment   of  the  amount   of   the  tax  cov- 
ered by  such  claim  shall  not  be  required  until 
the   claim    is   decided,   but   the   taxpayer   shall 
accompany  his   claim   with    a  bond   in   double 
the   amount   of  the  tax  covered   by  the  claim, 
with  sureties  satisfactory  to  the  commissioner, 
conditioned    for   the   payment    of    any   part    of 
such  tax   found   to  be  due.    with  interest.      If 
any  part  of  such  claim  is  disallowed  then  the 
remainder  of  the  tax  due  shall  on  notice  and 
demand  by   the   collector  be  paid   by  the  tax- 
payer with  interest  at  the  rate  of  1  per  centum 
per  month  from  the  time  the  tax  would  have 
been    due   had    no    such   claim    been    filed.      If 
it    is    shown    to    the   satisfaction    of    the   com- 
missioner that   such  substantial  loss  has  been 
sustained,    then    in    computing-    the    taxes    im- 
posed by  this  title  and  by  Title  III.  the  amount 
of    such  loss   shall  be  deducted   from   the   net 
income,      (b)    If  no  such  claim  is  filed,  but  it 
is   shown   to   the    satisfaction    of    the  commis- 
sioner that  during  the  taxable  year  1919  th^ 
taxpayer   has    sustained    a    substantial    loss   of 
the  character  above  described  then  the  amount 
of    such   loss   shall  be   deducted   from  the   net 
income    fo^    the    taxable    year    1918    and    the 
taxes  imposed  by  this  title   and   by  Title   III. 
for    such    year    shall    be    redptermined    accord- 
ingly.     Any   amoiint    found   to   be   d\ie    to    the 
taxpayer  upon  th*  basis   of   such  redetermina- 
tion shall  be  credited  or  refunded  to  the  tax- 
payer   in    accordance    with    the    provisions    of 
section   252. 

(b)  In  the  case  of  a  forHgrn  corporation  the 
deductions  allowed  in  subdivision  (a),  except 
those  allowed  in  paragraph  (2)  and  in  clausea 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


47 


(a),  (b)  and  (c)  of  paragraph  (3),  shall  be 
allowed  only  if  and  to  the  extent  that  they 
are  connected  with  income  arising-  from  a 
source  within  the  United  States;  and  the 
proper  apportionment  and  allocation  of  the 
deductions  with  respect  to  sources  of  income 
within  and  without  the  United  States  shall 
be  determined  under  rules  and  regulations  pre- 
scribed by  the  commissioner  with  the  approval 
of  the  secretary. 

Items  Not  Deductible. 

Sec.  235.  That  in  computing-  net  income  no 
deduction /shall  in  any  case  be  allowed  in  re- 
spect of  any  of  the  items  specified  in  sec- 
tion 215. 

Credits  Allowed. 

Sec.  236.  That  for  the  purpose  only  of  the 
tax  imposed  by  section  230  there  shall  be  al- 
lowed the  following-  credits: 

(a)  The   amount   received    as   interest   upon 
obligations    of    the    United    States    and   bonds 
issued  by  the  War  Finance  corporation,  which 
is  included  in  gross  income  under  section  233: 

(b)  The   amount    of    any    taxes   imposed   by 
Title  III.  for  the  same  taxable  year:  Provided, 
That  in  the  case  of  a  corporation  which  makes 
return  for  a  fiscal  year  beginning-  in  1917  and 
ending  in  1918,   in  computing-  the  tax  as  pro- 
vided  in    subdivision    (a)    of   section   205,   the 
tax  computed  for  the  entire  period  under  Title 
II.  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917  shall  be  credited 
against  the  net  income   computed  for  the  en- 
tire period  under  Title  I.   of  the  revenue  act 
of    1916   as   amended   by   the   revenue    act   of 
1917  and  under  Title  I.  of  the  revenue  act  of 
1917,    and    the    tax    computed    for    the    entire 
period  under  Title  III.  of  this  act  at  the  rates 
prescribed    for    the    calendar   year    1918    shall 
be  credited   against   the  net   income  computed 
for  the  entire  period  under  this  title:   and 

(c)  In   the  case  of  a  domestic  corporation, 
$2,000. 

Payment  of  Tax  at  Source. 

Sec.  237.  That  in  the  case  of  foreigTi  cor- 
porations subject  to  taxation  under  this  title 
not  engaged  in  trade  or  business  within  the 
United  States  and  not  having-  any  office  or 
place  of  business  therein,  there  shall  be  de- 
ducted and  withheld  at  the  source  in  the  same 
manner  and  upon  the  same  items  of  income 
as  is  provided  in  section  221  a  tax  equal  to 
10  per  centum  thereof,  and  such  tax  shall  be 
returned  and  paid  in  the  same  manner  and 
subject  to  the  same  conditions  as  provided  in 
that  section:  Provided.  That  in  the  case  of 
interest  described  in  subdivision  (b)  of  that 
section  the  deduction  and  withholding-  shall  be 
at  the  rate  of  2  per  centum. 

Credit  for  Taxes. 

Sec.  238.  (a)  That  in  the  case  of  a  domes- 
tic corporation  the  total  taxes  imposed  for  the 
taxable  year  by  this  title  and  by  Title  III. 
shall  be  credited  with  the  amount  of  any  in- 
come, war  profits  and  excess  profits  taxes  paid 
during  the  taxable  year  to  any  foreign  coun- 
try, upon  income  derived  from  sources  therein, 
or  to  any  possession  of  the  United  States. 

If  accrued  taxes  when  paid  differ  from  the 
amounts  claimed  as  credits  by  the  corpora- 
tion, or  if  any  tax  paid  is  refunded  in  whole 
or  in  part,  the  corporation  shall  at  once  notify 
the  commissioner,  who  shall  redetermine  the 
amount  of  the  taxes  due  under  this  title  and 
under  Title  III.  for  the  year  or  years  affected, 
and  the  amount  of  taxes  due  upon  such  re- 
determination,  if  any,  shall  be  paid  by  the 
corporation  upon  notice  and  demand  by  the 
collector,  or  the  amount  of  taxes  overpaid,  if 
any,  shall  be  credited  or  refunded  to  the  cor- 
poration in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  section  252.  In  the  case  of  such  a  tax 
accrued  but  not  paid,  the  commissioner  as  a 
condition  precedent  to  the  allowance  of  this 
credit  may  require  the  corporation  to  give  a 
bond  with  sureties  satisfactory  to  and  to  be 
approved  by  him  in  such  penal  sum  as  he 


may  require,  conditioned  for  the  payment  by 
the  taxpayer  of  any  amount  of  taxes  found 
due  upon  any  such  redetermination;  and  the 
bond  herein  prescribed  shall  contain  such  fur- 

|  ther  conditions  as  the   commissioner  may  re- 

i  quire. 

(b)  This  credit  shall  be  allowed  only  if  the 
taxpayer  furnishes  evidence  satisfactory  to  the 
commissioner   showing  the   amount   of  income 
derived  from  sources  within  such  foreign  coun- 
try   or  such   possession    of   the  United    States, 
as  the  case  may  be,  and  all  other  information 
necessary  for  the  computation  of  such  credit. 

(c)  If   a  domestic   corporation   makes    a  re- 
turn for  a  fiscal  year  beginning  in   1917  and 
ending  in  1918,    only  that   proportion  of  this 
credit  shall  be  allowed  which  the  part  of  such 
period  within  the  calendar  year  1918  bears  to 
the  entire  period. 

Corporation  Returns. 

Sec.  239.  That  every  corporation  subject  to 
taxation  under  this  title  and  every  personal 
service  corporation  shall  make  a  return,  stat- 
ing specifically  the  items  of  its  gross  income 
and  the  deductions  and  credits  allowed  by  this 
title.  The  return  shall  be  sworn  to  by  the 
president,  vice-president  or  other  principal  offi- 
cer and  by  the  treasurer  or  assistant  treasurer. 
If  any  foreign  corporation  has  no  office  or 
place  of  business  in  the  United  States  but 
has  an  agent  in  the  United  States,  the  return 
shall  be  made  by  the  agent.  In  cases  where 
receivers,  trustees  in  bankruptcy,  or  assignees 
are  operating-  the  property  ,  or  business  of 
corporations,  such  receivers,  trustees  or  as- 
signees shall  make  returns  for  such  corpora- 
tions in  the  same  manner  and  form  as  cor- 
porations are  required  to  make  returns.  Any 
tax  due  on  the  basis  of  such  returns  made  by 
•receivers,  trustees  or  assignees  shall  be  col- 
lected in  the  same  manner  as  if  collected  from 
the  corporations  of  whose  business  or  property 
they  have  custody  and  control. 

Returns  made  under  this  section  shall  be 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  sections  226  and 
228.  When  return  is  made  under  section  226 
the  credit  provided  in  subdivision  (c)  of  sec- 
tion 236  shall  be  reduced  to  an  amount  which 
bears  the  same  ratio  to  the  full  credit  therein 
provided  as  the  number  of  months  in  the 
period  for  which  such  return  is  made  bears 
to  twelve  months. 

Consolidated  Returns. 

Sec.  240.  (a)  That  corporations  •which  are 
affiliated  within  the  meaning  of  this  section 
shall,  under  regulations  to  be  prescribed  by 
the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  make  a  consolidated  return  of  net 
income  and  invested  capital  for  the  purposes 
of  this  title  and  Title  III.  and  the  taxes  there- 
under shall  be  computed  and  determined  upon 
the  basis  of  such  return:  Provided,  That  there 
shall  be  taken  out  of  such  consolidated  net 
income  and  invested  capital,  the  net  income 
and  invested  capital  of  any  such  affiliated 
corporation  organized  after  Aug.  1,  1914,  and 
not  successor  to  a  then  existing  business,  50 
per  centum  or  .more  of  whose  gross  income 
consists  of  gains,  profits,  commissions  or  other 
income,  derived  from  a  government  contract 
or  contracts  made  between  April  6,  1917,  and 
Nov.  11,  1918,  both  dates  inclusive.  In  such 
case  the  corporation  so  taken  out  shall  be  sep- 
arately assessed  on  the  basis  of  its  own  in- 
vested capital  and  net  income  and  the  remain- 
der of  such  affiliated  group  shall  be  assessed 
on  the  basis  of  the  remaining  consolidated  in- 
vested capital  and  net  income. 

In  any  case  in  which  a  tax  is  assessed  upon 
the  basis  of  a  consolidated  return,  the  total 
tax  shall  be  computed  in  the  first  instance 
as  a  unit  and  shall  then  be  assessed  upon  the 
respective  affiliated  corporations  in  such  pro- 
portions as  may  be  agreed  upon  among  them, 
or.  in  the  absence  of  any  such  agreement, 
then  on  the  basis  of  the  net  income  properly 


48 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


assignable  to  each.  There  shall  be  allowed  in 
computing-  the  income  tax  only  one  specific 
credit  of  $2,000  (as  provided  in  section  23(3)  ; 
in  computing1  the  war  profits  credit  (as  pro- 
vided in  section  311)  only  one  specific  exemp- 
tion of  $3,000;  and  in  computing-  the  excess 
profits  credit  (as  provided  in  section  312) 
only  one  specific  exemption  of  83,000. 

(b)  For  the  purpose  pf  this  sectfon  two  or 
more    domestic    corporations    shall    be    deemed 
to  be    affiliated    (1)    if    one    corporation    owns 
directly    or    controls    through   closely    affiliated 
interests    or   by    a    nominee    or   nominees    sub- 
stantially all  the  stock  of  the  other  or  others. 
or    (2)    if    substantially   all   the  stock  of   two 
or    more    corporations   is    owned   or  controlled 
by  the  same  interests. 

(c)  For  the   purposes   of   section  238   a  do- 
mestic corporation  •  which  owns  a   majority  of 
the  voting-  stock  of  a  foreig-n  corporation  shall 
be  deemed  to   have  paid  the  same  proportion 
of  any  income,   war  profits  and  excess  profits 
taxes  paid    (but   not   including  taxes  accrued) 
by    such    foreign    corporation   during    the   tax- 
able year    to   any    foreign    country    or    to   any 
possession   of    the   United  States  upon  income 
derived     from     sources     without     the     United 
States     which    the    amount    of    any    dividends 
(not    deductible    under    section    234)    received 
by   such   domestic  cprporation  from  such  for- 
eign corporation  during  the  taxable  year  bears 
to    the    total   taxable    income    of   such   foreign 
corporation    upon    or    with    respect    to    which 
such  taxes  were  paid:     Provided,  That  in  no 
such  case  shall  the  amount  of   the  credit  for 
euch    taxes   exceed   the   amount    of    such   divi- 
dends   (not  deductible   under  section   234)    re- 
ceived   by    such    domestic    corporation    during 
the  taxable  year. 

Time  and  Place  for  Filing  Returns. 

Sec  241.  (a)  That  returns  of  corporations 
shall  be  made  at  the  same  time  as  is  pro- 
vided in  subdivision  (a)  of  section  227 

(b)  Returns  shall  be  made  to  the  collector 
of  the  district  in  which  is  located  the  prin- 
cipal place  of  business  or  principal  office  or 
agency  of  the  corporation,  or,  if  it  has  no 
principal  place  of  business  or  principal  office 
or  agency  in  the  United  States,  then  to  the 
collector  at  Baltimore,  Md. 

PART  IV.— ADMINISTRATIVE  PROVISIONS. 
Payment   of    Taxes. 

Sec  250  (a)  That  except  as  otherwise  pro- 
vided in  this  section  and  sections  221  and 
237  the  tax  shall  be  paid  in  four  install- 
ments, each  consisting-  of  one-fourth  of  the 
total  amount  of  the  tax.  The  first  install- 
ment shall  be  paid  at  the  time  fixecl  by  law 
for  filing  the  return,  and  the  second  install- 
ment shall  be  paid  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 
the  third  month,  the  third  installment  on  the 
fifteenth  day  of  the  sixth  month,  and  the 
fourth  installment  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 
the  ninth  month,  after  the  time  fixed  by  law 
for  filing  the  return.  'Where  an  extension 
of  time  for  filing  a  return  is  granted  the 
time  for  payment  of  the  first  installment 
shall  be  postponed  until  the  date  of  the  ex- 
piration of  the  period  of  the  extension,  but 
the  time  for  payment  of  the  other  install- 
ments shall  not  be  postponed  unless  the  com- 
missioner so  provides  in  granting  the  ex- 
tension. In  any  case  in  which  the  time  for 
the  payment  of  any  installment  is  at  the 
request  of  the  taxpayer  thus  postponed,  there 
shall  be  added  as  part  of  such  installment  in- 
terest thereon  at  the  rate  of  J2  of  1  per 
centum  per  month  from  the  time  it  would 
have  been  due  if  no  extension  had  been 
granted,  until  paid.  If  any  installment  is 
not  paid  when  due.  the  whole  amount  of  the 
tax  unpaid  shall  become  due  and  payable 
upon  notice  and  demand  by  the  collector. 

The  tax  may  at  the  option  of  the  tax- 
payer be  paid  in  a  single  payment  instead  of 


in  installments,  in  which  case  the  total 
amount  shall  be  paid  on  or  before  the  time 
fixed  by  law  for  filing  the  return,  or  where 
an  extension  of  time  for  filing  the  return  has 
been  granted,  on  or  before  the  expiration  of 
the  period  of  such  extension. 

(b)  As  soon  as  practicable  after  the  return 
is    filed,    the    commissioner    shall    examine    it. 
If   it    then    appears    that    the    correct    amount 
of  the  tax  is  greater  or  less  than  that  shown 
in    the    return,    the    installments    shall    be    re- 
computed.     If    the    amount    already    paid    ex- 
ceeds  that    which    should    have    been   paid   on 
the   basis   of  the  installments   as   recomputed, 
the    excess    so   paid   shall    be   credited    against 
the      subsequent      installments;      and     if     the 
amount     already     paid     exceeds     the     correct 
amount  of  the  tax,   the  excess  shall  be  cred- 
ited   or   refunded    to    the   taxpayer    in   accord- 
ance   with    the    provisions    of    section    252. 

If  the  amount  already  paid  is  less  than 
that  which  should  have  been  paid,  the  dif- 
ference shall,  to  the  extent  not  covered  by 
any  credits  then  due  to  the  taxpayer  under 
section  252,  be  paid  upon  notice  and  demand 
by  the  collector.  In  such  case  if  the  return 
is  made  in  good  faith  and  the  understate- 
ment of  the  amount  in  the  return  is  not  due 
to  any  fault  of  the  taxpayer,  there  shall  be 
no  penalty  because  of  such  understatement. 
If  the  understatement  is  due  to  negligence 
on  the  part  of  the  taxpayer,  but  without  in- 
tent to  defraud,  there  shall  be  added  as  part 
of  the  tax  5  per  centum  of  the  total  amount 
of  the  deficiency,  plus  interest  at  the  rate 
of  1  per  centum  per  month  on  the  amount 
of  the  deficiency  of  each  installment  from 
the  time  the  installment  was  due. 

If  the  understatement  is  false  or  fraudulent 
with  intent  to  evade  the  tax,  then,  in  lieu 
of  the  penalty  provided  by  section  3176  of 
the  revised  statutes,  as  amended,  for  false  or 
fraudulent  returns  willfully  made,  but  in 
addition  to  other  penalties  provided  by  law 
for  false  or  fraudulent  returns,  there  shall 
be  added  as  part  of  the  tax  50  per  centum 
of  the  amount  of  the  deficiency. 

(c)  If   the  return  is  made  pursuant  to  sec- 
tion  3176    of  the   revised   statutes    as   amend- 
ed, the   amount   of   tax  determined  to  be  due 
under   such  return  shall  be   paid  upon  notice 
and  demand  by    the   collector. 

(d)  Except    in   the    case    of   false    or   fraud- 
ulent   returns    with    intent    to    evade    the    tax. 
the  amount  of  tax  due  under  any  return  shall 
be  determined  and  assessed  by  the  commissioner 
within    five    years    after    the    return    was    due 
or   was  made,    and   no   suit   or  proceeding  for 
the    collection    of    any    tax    shall     be    begun 
after    the    expiration    of    five   years    after    the 
date   when  the  return  was  due   or  was  made. 
In   the    case    of    such    false    or    fraudulent    re- 
turns,   the    amount    of    tax    due    may    be    de- 
termined   at     any    time    after    the    return    is 
filed,    and    the    tax    may   be    collected    at    any 
time   after    it    becomes    due. 

(e)  If    any    tax    remains    unpaid    after    the 
date   when  it    is  due,    and    for  ten  days   after 
notice    and    demand    by    the    collector,     then, 
except    in   the   case    of    estates    of    insane,    de- 
ceased,   or    insolvent    persons,    there    shall    be 
added   as  part    of  the   tax    the   sum    of    5   per 
centum   on  the   amount   due  but  unpaid,   plus 
interest    at    the    rate    of     1    per    centum    per 
month    upon   such    amount    from   the    time    it 
became   due:  Provided,    That    as    to   any    such 
amount   which   is  the    subject    of   a  bona   fide 
claim     for     abatement     such     sum     of     5    per 
centum    shall    not    be    added    and    the    interest 
from  the  time  the  amount  was  due  until  the 
claim    is    decided    shall    be    at    the   rate   of    % 
of   1    per  centum   per  month. 

In  the  case  of  the  first  installment  provided 
for  in  subdivision  (a)  the  instructions  print- 
ed on  the  return  shall  be  deemed  sufficient 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


notice   of  the  date  when  the   tax  is  due   and 
sufficient    demand,     and    the    taxpayer's    com- 
putation   of   the    tax    on    the    return    shall    be 
deemed    sufficient    notice    of   the    amount    due. 
m     In    any   case   in    which  in   order  to   en- 
force payment    of  a  tax  it   is  necessary  for  a 
Elector   to    cause    a    warrant    of    distraint    to 
be   served     there   shall    also  be   added   as   part 
of  the   tax  the   sum   of  $5. 

(g-)    If    the    commissioner    finds   that    :     tax- 
payer    designs    quickly    to     depart     from    the 
United  States  or  to  remove  his  property  there- 
from    or   to    conceal   himself    or    his    property 
therein     or    to    do    any    other    act    tending  .to 
p^Iudice    or    to    render    wholly    or    partly    in- 
effectual   proceedings    to    collect    the    tax    for 
the   taxable    year   then    last    past    or    the    tax- 
able   year   then    current    unless    such    proceed- 
ings   be    brought    without    delay,    the    commis- 
sioner   shall    declare    the    taxable    period    for 
such    taxpayer   terminated    at    the   end    of    the 
calendar  month  then  last  past  and  shall  cause 
notice   of    such    finding   and   declaration   to   be 
given   the    taxpayer,    together    with    a  Demand 
for    immediate    payment    of    the.  tax    for    the 
taxable   period   so   declared  terminated   and  of 
the  tax   for  the  preceding  taxable  year  or  so 
much    of    said   tax    as   is   unpaid,    whether    or 
not    the    time    otherwise    allowed    by   law    for 
filing  return   and  paying  the  tax  has  expired; 
and    such    taxes    shall    thereupon    become    im- 
mediately   due    and    payable.      In    any    action 
or   suit   brought   to   enforce  payment   of  taxes 
made   due   and  payable  by  virtue  of   the   pro- 
visions   of    this    subdivision    the    finding     of 
the    commissioner,    made    as    herein    provided, 
whether    made    after    notice    to    the    taxpayer 
or  not,    shall  be  for  all  purposes  presumptive 
evidence    of    the    taxpayer's    design.       A    tax- 
payer  who    is    not   in    default    in    making   any 
return     or     paying     income,     war-profits,     or 
excess-profits    tax    under    any    act    of    congress 
mav  furnish  to  the  United  States,   under  reg- 
ulations to  be  prescribed  by  the  commissioner 
with    the    approval    of    the    secretary,    security 
approved    by    the    commissioner    that    he    will 
duly  make  the  return  next  thereafter  required 
to   be    filed    and    pay   the   tax    next    thereafter 
required  to   be  paid.      The   commissioner   may 
approve    and    accept    in    like    manner    security 
for    return    and    payment    of    taxes   made    due 
and    payable    by   virtue    of    the    provisions    of 
this    subdivision,    provided    the    taxpayer    has 
paid    in    full    all    other   income,   war-profits    or 
excess-profits   taxes   due    from  him  under   any 
act  of  congress.     If  security  is  approved  and 
accented    pursuant    to    the    provisions    of    thfs 
subdivision    and     such     further    or    other    se- 
curity  with   respect   to   the   tax   or    taxes  cov- 
ered   thereby    is    given    as    the    commissioner 
shall    from    time    to   time    find    necessary    and 
require,    payment    of    such    taxes   shall   not   be 
enforced    by    any    proceedings   under    the    pro- 
visions   of    this    subdivision    prior    to    the    ex- 
piration   of    the    time    otherwise    allowed    for 
paying   such   respective   taxes. 

Receipts  for  Taxes. 

Sec.  251.  That  every  collector  to  whom  any 
payment  of  any  tax  is  made  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  title  shall  upon  request  give 
to  the  person  making  such  payment  a  full 
written  or  printed  receipt,  stating  the  amount 
paid  and  the  particular  account  for  which 
such  payment  was  made;  and  whenever  any 
debtor  pays  taxes  on  account  of  payments 
made  or  to  be  made  by  him  to  separate  cred- 
itors the  collector  shall,  if  requested  by  such 
debtor,  give  a  separate  receipt  for  the  tax 
paid  on  account  of  each  creditor  in  such  form 
that  the  debtor  can  conveniently  produce 
such  receipts  separately  to  his  several  cred 
itors  in  satisfaction  of  their  respective  de 
mands  up  to  the  amounts  stated  in  the  re- 
ceipts; and  such  receipt  shall  be  sufficient 
evidence  in  favor  of  such  debtor  to  justify 


him    in    withholding    from    his    next    payment 


to  his  creditpr  the  amount  therein  stated; 
but  the  creditor  may,  upon  giving  to  his 
debtor  a  full  written  receipt  acknowledging 
the  payment  to  him  of  any  sum  actually 
paid  and  accepting  the  amount  of  tax  paid 
as  aforesaid  (specifying  the  same)  as  a  fur- 
ther satisfaction  of  the  debt  to  that  amount, 
require  the  surrender  to  him  of  such  collect- 
or's receipt. 

Refunds. 

Sec.     252.  That     if.     upon    examination     of 
any  return  of   income  made  pursuant  to   this 
act,    the    act    of    Aug.    5,    1909.    entitled    "An 
act    to    provide    revenue,    equalize   duties,    and 
encourage  the  industries  of  the  United  States, 
and    for   other   purposes."    the    act    of   Oct.   3, 
1913,   entitled   "An  act   to  reduce  tariff  duties 
and   to    provide   revenue   for   the    government, 
and     for    other    purposes,"    the    revenue    act 
f    1916,    as   amended,    or  the  revenue   act   of 
1917.   it    appears    that    an   amount    of  income, 
war-profits  or  excess-profits  tax  has  been  paid 
n    excess    of    that    properly    due.    then,    not- 
withstanding-   the    provisions    of    section    3228 
>f   the    revised    statutes,    the    amount    of   the 
xcess   shall    be   credited    against    any   income, 
war-profits   or   excess-profits    taxes,    or   install- 
ment   thereof,    then    due    from    the    taxpayer 
inder    any   other  return,    and    any   balance   of 
mch    excess    shall    bo    immediately    refunded 
o    the    taxpayer:       Provided,    That    no    such 
credit    or   refund    shall    be    allowed    or    made 
after  five  years  from  the   date   when  the  re- 
urn  was  due,  unless  before  the  expiration  of 
such  five   years   a   cla'm   therefor  is   filed  by 
;he  taxpayer. 

Penalties. 

See.  253.  That  any  individual,  corporation  or 
partnership  required  under  this  title  to  pay 
or  collect  any  tax,  to  make  a  return  or  to 
supply  information,  who  fails  to  pay  or  col- 
lect such  tax,  to  make  such  return,  or  to 
supply  such  information  at  the  time  or  times 
required  under  this  title,  shall  be  liable  to  a 
penalty  of  not  more  than  SI. 000.  Any  indi- 
vidual, corporation  or  partnership,  or  any  offi- 
cer or  employe  of  any  corporation  or  member 
or  employe  of  a  partnership,  who  "willfully 
refuses  to  pay  or  collect  such  tax.  to  make 
such  return,  or  to  supply  such  information 
at  the  time  or  times  required  under  this  title, 
or  who  willfully  attempts  in  any  manner  to 
defeat  or  evade  the  tax  imposed  by  this  title, 
shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  an/1  shall  be 
fined  not  more  than  &10.000  or  imprisoned 
for  not  more  than  one  year,  or  both,  together 
with  the  costs  of  prosecution. 

Returns  of  Payments  of  Dividends. 

See.  254.  That  every  corporation  subject  to 
the  tax  imposed  by  this  title  and  every  per- 
sonal service  corporation  shall,  when  required 
by  the  commissioner,  render  a  correct  return 
duly  verified  under  oath,  of  its  payments  of 
dividends,  stating  the  name  and  address  of 
each  stockholder,  the  number  of  shares  owned 
by  him  and  the  amount  of  dividends  paid  to 
him. 

Returns   of  Brokers. 

Sec.  255.  That  every  individual,  corporation 
or  partnership  doing  business  as  a  broker 
shall,  when  required  by  the  commissioner, 
render  a  correct  return  duly  verified  under  oath, 
under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  com- 
missioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary, 
may  prescribe,  showing  the  names  of  cus- 
tomers for  whom  such  individual,  corporation 
or  partnership  has  transacted  any  business, 
with  such  details  as  to  the  profits,  losses  or 
other  information  which  the  commissioner  may 
require,  as  to  each  of  such  customers,  as  will 
enable  the  commissioner  to  determine  whether 
all  income  tax  due  on  profits  or  gains  of  such 
customers  has  been  paid. 


so 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Information   at   Source. 

Sec.  256.  That  all  individuals,  corporations 
and  partnerships,  in  whatever  capacity  act- 
ing:, including-  lessees  or  mortgagors  of  real  or 
perspnal  property,  fiduciaries  and  employers, 
making1  payment  to  another  individual,  corpo- 
ration or  partnership,  of  interest,  rent,  salaries, 
wages,  premiums,  annuities,  compensations, 
remunerations,  emoluments  or  other  fixed  or 
determinable  g-ains,  profits  and  income  (other 
than  payments  described  in  sections  254  and 
255).  of  $1.000  or  more  in  any  taxable  year, 
or,  in  the  case  of  such  payments  made  by  the 
United  States,  the  officers  or  employes  of  the 
United  States  having-  information  as  to  such 
payments  and  reauired  to  make  returns  in  re- 
g-ard  thereto  by  the  regulations  hereinafter 
provided  for.  shall  render  a  true  and  accurate 
return  to  the  commissioner,  under  such  regu- 
lations and  in  such  form  and  manner  and  to 
such  extent  as  may  be  prescribed  by  him  with 
the  approval  of  the  secretary,  setting;  forth 
the  amount  of  such  gains,  profits  and  income, 
and  the  name  and  address  of  the  recipient  of 
such  payment. 

Such  returns  may  be  required,  regardless  of 
amounts  (1)  in  the  case  of  payments  of  in- 
terest upon  bonds,  mortgages,  deeds  of  trust 
or  other  similar  obligations  of  corporations, 
and  (2)  in  the  case  of  collections  of  items 
(not  payable  in  the  United  States)  of  interest 
upon,  the  bonds  of  foreign  countries  and  in- 
terest upon  the  bonds  of  and  dividends  from 
foreign  corporations  by  individuals,  corpora- 
tions or  partnerships,  undertaking  as  a  mat- 
ter of  business  or  for  profit  the  collection  of 
foreign  payments  of  such  interest  or  dividends 
by  means  of  coupons,  checks  or  bills  of  ex- 
change. 

When  necessary  to  make  effective  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  the  name  and  address 
of  the  recipient  of  income  shall  be  furnished 
upon  demand  of  the  individual,  corporation  or 
partnership  paying  the  income. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  apply 
to  the  calendar  year  1918  and  each  calendar 
year  thereafter,  but  shall  not  apply  to  the 
payment  of  interest  on  obligations  of  the 
United  States. 

Returns    to    Be    Public   Records. 

Sec.  257.  That  returns  upon  which  the  tax 
has  been  determined  by  the  commissioner  shall 
constitute  public  records;  but  they  shall  be 
open  to  inspection  only  upon  order  of  the 
president  and  under  rules  and  regulations  pre- 
scribed by  the  secretary  and  approved  by  the 
president:  Provided.  That  the  proper  officers 
of  any  state  imposing  an  income  tax  may, 
upon  the  request  of  the  governor  thereof, 
have  access  to  the  returns  of  any  corpora- 
tion, or  to  an  abstract  thereof  showing  the 
name  and  income  of  the  corporation,  at  such 
times  and  in  such  manner  as  the  secretary 
may  prescribe:  Provided  further.  That  all 
bona  fide  stockholders  of  record  owning  1 
per  centum  or  more  of  the  outstanding  stock 
of  any  corporation  shall,  upon  making  request 
of  the  commissioner,  be  allowed  to  examine 
the  annual  income  returns  of  such  corpora- 
tion and  of  its  subsidiaries.  Any  stockholder 
who  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion is  allowed  to  examine  the  return  of  any 
corporation,  and  who  makes  known  in  any 
manner  whatever  'not  provided  by  law  the 
amount  or  source  of  income,  profits,  losses, 
expenditures  or  any  particular  thereof,  set 
forth  or  disclosed  in  any  such  return,  shall 
be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  be  punished 
by  a  fine  not  exceeding  SI, 000,  or  by  im- 
prisonment not  exceeding  one  year,  or  both. 

The  commissioner  shall,  as  soon  as  practi- 
cable in  each  year,  cause  to  be  prepared  and 
made  available  to  public  inspection  in  such 
manner  as  he  may  determine,  in  the  office  of 
the  collector  in  each  internal  revenue  district 
and  in  such  other  places  as  he  may  deter- 
mine, lists  containing  the  names  and  the  post- 


office   addresses   of   all  individuals   making   in- 
come tax  returns  in  such  district. 
Publication    of    Statistics. 

Sec.  258.  That  the  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  shall  prepare  and 
publish  annually  statistics  reasonably  avail- 
able with  reepect  to  the  operation  of  the  in- 
come, war  profits  and  excess  profits  tax  laws, 
including  classifications  of  taxpayers  and  of 
income,  the  a  mounts  allowed  as  deductions, 
exemptions  and  credits,  and  any  other  facts 
deemed  pertinent  and  valuable. 

Collection   of  Foreign   Items. 

Sec.  259.  That  all  individuals,  corporations 
or  partnerships  undertaking  as  a  matter  of 
business  or  for  profit  the  collection  of  foreign 
payments  of  interest  or  dividends  by  means 
of  cpupons.  checks  or  bills  of  exchange  shall 
obtain  a  license  from  the  commissioner  and 
shall  be  subject  to  such  regulations  enabling 
the  government  to  obtain  the  information  re- 
quired under  this  title  as  the  commissioner, 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary,  shall  pre- 
scribe: and  whoever  knowingly  undertakes  to 
collect  such  payments  without  having  obtained 
a  license  therefor,  or  without  complying  with 
such  regulations,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor and  shall  be  fined  not  more  than 
$5.000,  or  imprisoned  for  not  more  than  one 
year,  or  both. 

Citizens   of    United   States   Possessions. 

Sec.  260.  That  any  individual  who  is  a  citi- 
zen of  any  possession  of  the  United  States 
(but  not  otherwise  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States)  and  who  is  not  a  resident  of  the 
United  States,  shall  be  subject  to  taxation 
under  this  title  only  as  to  income  derived 
from  sources  within  the  United  States,  and  in 
such  case  the  tax  shall  be  computed  and  paid 
in  the  same  manner  and  subject  to  the  same 
conditions  as  in  the  case  of  other  persons 
who  are  taxable  only  as  to  income  derived 
from  such  sources. 

Porto    Rico    and   Philippine    Islands. 

Sec.  261.  That  in  Porto  Rico  and  the  Philip- 
pine islands  the  income  tax  shall  be  levied, 
assessed,  collected  and  paid  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  the  revenue  act  of  1916  as 
amended.  v 

Returns  shall  be  made  and  taxes  shall  be 
paid  under  Title  I.  of  such  act  in  Porto  Rico 
or  the  Philippine  islands,  as  the  case  may  be. 
by  (1)  every  individual  who  is  a  citizen  or 
resident  of  Port9  Rico  or  the  Philippine 
islands  or  derives  income  from  sources  therein, 
and  (2)  every  corporation  created  or  organ- 
ized in  Porto  Rico  or  the  Philippine  islands 
or  deriving  income  from  sources  therein.  An 
individual  who  is  neither  a  citizen  nor  a  resi- 
dent of  Porto  Rico  or  the  Philippine  islands 
but  derives  income  from  sources  therein,  shall 
be  taxed  in  Porto  Rico  or  the  Philippine 
islands  as  a  nonresident  alien  individual,  and 
a  corporation  created  or  organized  outside 
Porto  Rico  er  the  Philippine  islands  and  de- 
riving income  from  sources  therein  shall  be 
taxed  in  Porto  Rico  or  the  Philippine  islands 
as  a  foreign  corporation.  For  the  purposes  of 
section  216  and  of  paragraph  (6)  of  subdi- 
vision (a)  of  section  234  a  tax  imposed  in 
Porto  Rico  or  the  Philippine  islands  upon  the 
net  income  of  a  corporation  shall  not  be 
deemed  to  be  a  tax  under  this  title. 

The  Porto  Rican  or  Philippine  legislature 
shall  have  power  by  due  enactment  to  amend, 
alter,  modify  or  repeal  the  income  tax  laws 
in  force  in  Porto  Rico  or  the  Philippine 
islands,  respectively. 

TITLE     III.— WAR-PROFITS     AND     EXCESS- 
PROFITS  TAX. 
Part    I.— General   Definitions. 
Sec.   300.  That    when  used  in  this  title  the 
terms   "taxable  year."    "fiscal  year,"   "personal 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


51 


service  corporation,"  "paid  or  accrued,"  and 
"dividends"  shall  have  the  same  meaning-  as 
provided  lor  the  purposes  of  income  tax  in 
sections  200  and  201.  The  first  taxable  year 
for  the  purposes  of  this  title  shall  be  the 
same  as  the  first  taxable  year  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  income  tax  under  Title  II. 
Part  II.— Imposition  of  Tax. 

Sec.  301.  (a)  That  in  lieu  of  the  tax  im- 
posed by  Title  II.  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917. 
but  in  addition  to  the  other  taxes  imposed 
by  this  act.  there  shall  be  levied,  collected 
and  paid  for  the  taxable  year  1918  upon  the 
net  income  of  every  corporation  a  tax  equal 
to  the  sum  of  the  following: 
First  Bracket. 

30  per  centum  of  the  amount  of  the  net 
income  in  excess  of  the  excess  profits  credit 
(determined  under  section  312)  and  not  in 
excess  of  20  per  centum  of  the  invested 
capital; 

Second   Bracket. 

65  per  centum  of  fhe  amount  of  the  net 
income  in  excess  of  20  per  centum  of  the 
invested  capital; 

Third   Bracket. 

The  sum.  if  any,  by  which  80  per  centum 
of  the  amount  of  the  net  income  in  excess 
of  the  war-profits  credit  (determined  under 
section  311)  exceeds  the  amount  of  the  tax 
computed  under  the  first  and  second  brackets. 

(b)  For    the    taxable    year    1919    and    each 
taxable  year  thereafter   there  shall   be  levied, 
collected    and    paid    upon    the    net    income    of 
every    corporation     (except    corporations    tax- 
able  under  subdvision    (c)    of    this   section)    a 
tax   equal  to    the    sum    of  the    following". 

First    Bracket 

20  per  centum  of  the  amount  of  the  net 
income  in  excess  of  the  excess  profits  credit 
(determined  under  section  312)  and  not  in 
excess  of  20  per  centum  of  the  invested 
capital; 

Second   Bracket 

40  per  centum  of  the  amount  of  the  net 
income  in  excess  of  20  per  centum  of  the 
invested  capital. 

(c)  For    the    taxable    year    1919    and    each 
taxable  year   thereafter   there    shall   be  levied, 
collected    and    paid    upon    the    net    income    of 
every    corporation   which  derives  in   such  year 
a    net    income    of    more    than    $10,000    from 
any    government    contract    or    contracts    made 
between    April    6,    1917,    and    Nov.    11,    1918, 
both  dates  inclusive,   a  tax  equal   to  the   sum 
of  the  following- : 

(1)  Such    a   portion    of   a,   tax   computed    at 
the   rates   specified   in   subdivision    (a)    as  the 
part    of   the   net    income    attributable    to    such 
government    contract     or    contracts    bears    to 
the    entire    net    income.      In    computing    euch 
lix    the    excess-profits     credit     and     the     war- 
profits    credit    applicable    to    the    taxable   year 
Shall   be   used; 

(2)  Such    a   portion    of   a   tax   computed    at 
the   rates    specified   in   subdivision    (b)    as  the 
part    of    the    net    income    not    attributable    to 
such    government    contract    or    contracts   bears 
to   the  entire   net  income. 

For  the  purpose  of  determining  the  part 
of  the  net  income  attributable  to  such  gov- 
ernment contract  or  contracts,  the  proper  ap- 
portionment and  allocation  of  the  deductions 
with  respect  to  gross  income  derived  from 
such  government  contract  or  contracts  and 
from  other  sources,  respectively,  shall  be 
determined  under  rules  and  regulations  pre- 
scribed by  the  commissioner  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  secretary. 

(d)  In    any    case     where    the    full    amount 
of   the  excess-profits  credit  is  not   allowed   un- 
der   the    first    bracket    of    subdivision    (a)     or 

(b).   by    reason    of    the   fact    that    such  credit 
is  in  excess  of  20  per  centum  of  the  invested 


capital,  the  part  not  so  allowed  shall  be  de- 
ducted from  the  amount  in  the  second  bracket. 

(e)  For  the  purposes  of  the  act  approved 
March  21,  1918,  entitled  "An  act  to  pro- 
vide for  the  operation  of  transportation  sys- 
tems while  under  federal  control,  for  the  just 
compensation  of  their  owners,  and  for  other 
purposes."  the  tax  imposed  by  this  title  shall 
be  treated  as  levied  by  an  act  in  amendment 
of  Title  II.  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917. 

Sec.  302.  That  the  tax  imposed  by  subdi- 
vision (a)  of  section  301  shall  in  no  case 
be  more  than  30  per  centum  of  the  amount 
of  the  net  income  in  excess  of  $3,000  and  not 
in  excess  of  $20,000,  plus  80  per  centum  of 
the  amount  of  the  net  income  in  excess  ol 
$20,000;  the  tax  imposed  by  subdivision  (b) 
of  section  301  shad  in  no  case  be  more 
than  20  per  centum  of  the  amount  of  the 
net  income  in  excess  of  $3,000  and  not  in 
excess  of  $20,000,  plus  40  per  centum  of 
the  amount  of  the  net  income  in  excess  of 
$20,000;  and  the  above  limitations  shall  ap- 
ply to  the  taxes  computed  under  subdivisions 
(a)  and  (b)  of  section  301.  respectively, 
when  used  in  subdivision  (c)  of  that  sec- 
tion. Nothing-  in  this  section  shall  be  con- 
strued in  such  manner  as  to  increase  the  tax 
imposed  by  section  301. 

Sec.  303.  That  if  part  of  the  net  income 
of  a  corporation  is  derived  (1)  from  a  trade 
or  business  (or  a  branch  of  a  trade  or  busi- 
ness) in  which  the  employment  of  capital  is 
necessary,  and  (2)  a  part  (constituting  not 
less  than  30  per  centum  of  its  total  net  in- 
come) is  derived  from  a  separate  trade  or 
business  (or  a  distinctly  separate  branch  of 
the  trade  or  business)  which  if  constituting 
the  sole  trade  or  business  would  bring  it 
within  the  class  of  "personal  service  corpora- 
tions," then  (under  regulations  prescribed  by 
the  commissioner  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary)  the  tax  upon  the  first  part  of  such 
net  income  shall  be  separately  computed  (al- 
lowing in  such  computation  only  the  same 
proportionate  part  of  the  credits  authorized 
in  sections  311  and  312).  and  the  tax  upon 
the  second  part  shall  be  the  same  percentage 
thereof  as  the  tax  so  computed  upon  the 
first  part  is  of  such  first  part:  Provided, 
That  -the  tax  upon  such  second  part  shall  in 
no  case  be  less  than  20  per  centum  thereof, 
unless  the  tax  upon  the  entire  net  income,  if 
computed  without  benefit  of  this  section, 
would  constitute  less  than  20  per  centum  of 
such  entire  net  income,  in  which  event  the 
tax  shall  be  determined  upon  the  entire  net 
income,  without  reference,  to  this  section,  as 
other  taxes  are  determined  under  this  title. 
The  total  tax  computed  under  this  section 
shall  be  subject  to  the  limitations  provided 
in  section  302. 

Sec.  304.  (a)  That  the  corporations  enu- 
merated in  section  231  shall,  to  the  extent 
that  they  are  exempt  from  income  tax  under 
Title  II..  be  exempt  from  taxation  under  this 
title. 

(b)  Any  corporation   whose  net  income  for 
the  taxable  year  is  less  than  $3.000   shall  be 
exempt   from  taxation  under  this  title. 

(c)  In  the  case  of   any  corporation  engaged 
in  the  mining  of  gold,  the  portion  of  the  net 
income  derived  from  the  mining  of  gold  shall 
be  exempt  from  the  tax  imposed  by  this  title, 
and  the   tax  on  the  remaining  pprtion  of  the 
net   income   shall   be   the   proportion   ol   a  tax 
cpmputed    without    the   benefit    of    this    subdi- 
vision   which    such    remaining    portion   of    the 
net   income  bears  to  the  entire  net   income. 

Sec.  305.  That  if  a  tax  is  computed  under 
this  title  for  a  period  of  less  than  twelve 
months,  the  specific  exemption  of  $3.000. 
wherever  referred  to  in  this  title,  shall  be 
reduced  to  an  amount  which  is  the  same 
proportion  of  $3,000  as  the  number  of 
months  in  the  period  is  of  twelve  months. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920, 


PART     III.— CREDITS. 

Sec.  310.  That  as  used  in  this  title  the  term 
"prewar  period"  means  the  calendar  years 
1911,  1912  and  1913,  or.  if  a  corporation 
was  not  in  existence  during-  the  whole  of  such 
period,  then  as  many  of  such  years  during1 
the  whole  of  which  the  corporation  was  in 
existence. 

Sec.  311.  (a)  That  the  war  profits  credit 
shall  consist  of  the  sum  of: 

(1)  A  specific  exemption  of  83,000:  and 

(2)  An    amount    equal    to    the    average    net 
income    of    the    corporation    for    the    prewar 
period,    plus   or    minus,    as    the   case    may    be, 
10  per  centum   of   the  difference  between  the 
average  invested  capital  for  the  prewar  period 
and  the  invested  capital  for  the  taxable  year. 
If   the  tax   is   computed   for  a   period   of   less 
than  twelve  months  such  amount  shall  be  re- 
duced  to   the   same  proportion  thereof   as  the 
number  of  months  in  the  period  is  of  twelve 
months. 

(b)  If   the   corporation  had  no   net  income 
for  the  prewar  period,   or  if  the  amount  com- 
puted under  paragraph  (2)    of  subdivision   (a) 
is    less   than    10    per    centum    of    its    invested 
capital    for    the   taxable    year,    then   the    war 
profits  credit   shall  be  the  sum  of: 

(1)  A  specific  exemption  of  $3,000:  and 

(2)  An  amount  equal  to  10   per  centum  of 
the  invested  capital  for  the  taxable  year. 

(c)  If  the  corporation  was  not  in  existence 
during-    the    whole    of    at    least    one    calendar 
year  during-   the    prewar   period,    then,    except 
as  provided  in  subdivision  (d) ,  the  war  profits 
credit  shall  be  the  sum  of: 

(1)  A  specific  exemption  of  $3,000:   and 

(2)  An  amount  equal  to  the   same  percent- 
age  of    the    invested   capital    of    the    taxpayer 
for  the   taxable  year  as   the  average   percent- 
age of  net  income  to  invested  capital  for  the 
prewar   period,    of    corporations   engag-ed    in   a 
trade  or  business  of  the  same  general  class  as 
that    conducted    by    the    taxpayer:     but    such 
amount  shall  in  no  case  be   less  than   10  per 
centum    of    the    invested    capital    of    the    tax- 
payer for  the  taxable  year.    Such  average  per- 
centage   shall   be   determined   by    the   commis- 
sioner  on   the   basis   of  data   contained   in   re- 
turns made  under  Title  II.  of  the  revenue  act 
of     1917,     and     the     average     known     as    the 
median   shall   be   used.      If    such    average  per- 
centage has  not  been  determined  and  published 
at  least  30  days  prior   to  the   time  when  the 
return  of   the  taxpayer  is  due,   then  for  pur- 
poses of   such   return   10   per  centum   shall  be 
used   in    lieu    thereof:    but    such    average    per- 
centage   when    determined    shall    be    used    for 
the  purposes  of  section  250  in  determining-  the 
correct  amount  of  the  tax. 

(d)  The    war    profits   credit    shall   be  deter- 
mined in   the   manner  provided  in  subdivision 
(b)     instead    of    in    the    manner    provided    in 
subdivision    (c),   in   the  case   of    any   corpora- 
tion   which    was    not    in  existence   during-   the 
whole    of    at    least    one    calendar   year   during 
the   prewar  period,    if    (1)    a    majority    of  its 
stock    at    any    time    during-    the    taxable    year 
is  owned   or  controlled,   directly  or  indirectly, 
by  a  corporation  which  was  in  existence  dur- 
ing-  the   whole   of   at   least    one   calendar  year 
during    the   prewar   period,    or   if    (2)    50    per 
centum  or  more  of  its  gross  income    (as  com- 
puted under  section  233   for  income  tax  pur- 
poses)   consists  of  gains,  profits,  commissions, 
or    other  income,   derived   from   a   government 
contract    or   contracts    made  between   April   6, 
1917,  and  Nov.  11.  1918.  both  dates  inclusive. 

(e)  A   foreign  corporation   shall   not   be  en- 
titled to  a  specific  exemption  of  S3, 000. 

Sec.  312.  That  the  excess  profits  credit  shall 
consist  of  a  specific  exemption  of  $3,000  plus 
an  amount  equal  to  8  per  centum  of  the  in- 
vested capital  for  the  taxable  year. 

A  foreign  corporation  shall  not  be  entitled 
to  the  specific  exemption  of  $3,000. 


PART   IV.— NET   INCOME. 
Sec.  320.    (a)    That  for  the  purpose  of  this 
title  the  net  income  of  a  corporation  shall  be 
ascertained  and  returned — 

(1)  For  the  calendar  years  1911   and  1912 
upon  the  same  basis  and  in  the  same  manner 
as  provided  in   section  38   of   the  act   entitled 
"An    act    to   provide    revenue,    equalize   duties 
and    encourage    the    industries    of    the    United 
States,     and     for    other    purposes,"     approved 
Aug-.   5,    1909,   except    that   taxes   imposed   by 
such     section     and    paid    by    the    corporation 
within  the  year  shall  be  included; 

(2)  For   the   calendar  year    1913    upon    the 
same  basis  and  in  the  same  manner  as  provided 
in   section    2,    of   the   act   entitled   "An   act   to 
reduce    tariff    duties    and    to    provide    revenue 
for  the  g-overnment,   and  for  other  purposes," 
approved  Oct.  3,    1913,   except  that   taxes  im- 
posed  by   section   38    of   such   act   of   Aug-.    5. 
1909,   and  paid  by  the  corporation  within  the 
year    shall    be    included,    and    except    that    the 
amounts  received  by  it  as  dividends  upon  the 
stock   or  from  the  net  *earnings  of   other  cor- 
porations  subject   to  the   tax  imposed  by  sec- 
tion 2   of   such  act   of   Oct.  3.   1913.    shall  be 
deducted:  and 

(3)  For    the    taxable    year    upon    the    same 
basis  and  in  the  same  manner  as  provided  for 
income  tax  purposes  in  Title  II.  of  this  act. 

(b)  The  average  net  income  for  the  prewar 
period  shall  be  determined  by  dividing  the 
number  of  years  within  that  period  during-  the 
whole  of  which  the  corporation  was  in  exist- 
ence into  the  sum  of  the  net  income  for  such 
years,  even  though  there  may  have  been  no 
net  income  for  one  or  more  of  such  years. 
Part  V.— Invested  Capital. 

Sec.  325.    (a)    That   as   used  in   this  title— 

The  term  "intangible  property"  means  pat- 
ents, copyrights,  secret  processes  and 
formulae,  good  will,  trade-marks,  trade-brands, 
franchises  and  other  like  property: 

The  term  "tangible  property"  means  stocks, 
bonds,  notes  and  other  evidences  of  indebted- 
ness, bills  and  accounts  receivable,  leaseholds 
and  other  property  other  than  intangible 
property : 

The  term  "borrowed  capital"  means  money 
or  other  property  borrowed,  whether  repre- 
sented by  bonds,  notes,  open  accounts  or 
otherwise ; 

The  term  "inadmissible  assets"  means  stocks, 
bonds  and  other  obligations  (other  than  obli- 
gations of  the  United  States) ,  the  dividend  or 
interest  from  which  is  not  included  in  comput- 
ing- net  income,  but  where  the  income  derived 
from  such  assets  consists  in  part  of  g-ain  or 
profit  derived  from  the  sale  or  other  disposi- 
tion thereof,  or  where  all  or  part  of  the  inter- 
est derived  from  such  assets  is  in  effect  in- 
cluded in  the  net  income  because  of  the 
limitation  on  the  deduction  of  interest  under 
paragraph  (2)  of  subdivision  (a)  of  section 
234,  a  corresponding-  part  of  the  capital  in- 
vested in  such  assets  shall  not  be  deemed  to 
be  inadmissible  assets; 

The  term  "admissible  assets"  means  all  as- 
sets other  than  inadmissible  assets,  valued  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  subdivision 
(a)  of  section  326,  section  330,  and  section 
331. 

(b)  For  the  purpose  of  this  title,  the  par 
value  of  stock  or  shares  shall,  in  the  case  of 
stock  or  shares  issued  at  a  nominal  value  or 
having-  no  par  value,  be  deemed  to  be  the 
fair  market  value  as  of  the  date  or  dates  of 
issue  of  such  stock  or  shares. 

Sec.  326.  (a)  That  as  used  jn  this  title  the 
term  "invested  capital"  for  any  year  means 
(except  as  provided  in  subdivisions  (b)  and 
(c)  of  this  section)  : 

(1)  Actual  cash  bona  fide  paid  in  lor  stock 
or  shares: 

(2)  Actual  cash  value  of  tangible  property. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


53 


other  than  cash,  bona  fide  paid  in  for  stock 
or  shares,  at  the  time  of  such  payment  but 
in  no  case  to  exceed  the  par  value  of  the 
original  stock  or  shares  specifically  issued 
therefor,  unless  the  actual  cash  value  of  such 
tangible  property  at  the  time  paid  in  is  shown 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  commissioner  to 
have  been  clearly  and  substantially  in  excess 
of  such  par  value,  in  which  case  such  excess 
shall  be  treated  as  paid-in  surplus:  Provided 
That  the  commissioner  shall  keep  a  record  of 
all  cases  in  which  tangible  property  is  included 
in  invested  capital  at  a  value  in  excess  of  the 
stock  or  shares  issued  therefor,  containing;  the 
name  and  address  of  each  taxpayer,  the  busi- 
ness in  which  engaged,  the  amount  of  in- 
vested capital  and  net  income  shov/n  by  the 
return,  the  value  of  the  tangible  property  at 
the  time  p..U  in,  the  par  value  of  the  stock 
or  shares  specifically  issued  therefor,  and  the 
amount  included  under  this  paragraph  as 
paid-in  surplus.  The  commissioner  shall  fur- 
nish a  copy  of  such  record  and  other  detailed 
information  with  respect  to  such  cases  when 
required  by  resolution  of  either  house  of  con- 
gress, without  regard  to  the  restrictions  con- 
tained in  section  257: 

(3)  Paid-in  or  earned  surplus  and  undivided 
profits:    not    including    surplus    and   undivided 
profits  earned  during  the  year; 

(4)  Intangible  property  bona  fide  paid  in  for 
Btock  or  shar  i  prior  to  March  3,  1917.  in  an 
amount    not    exceeding     (a)    the    actual    cash 
value   of   such    property   at   the  time   paid  in. 
(b)  the  par  value  of  the  stock  or  shares  issued 
therefor,     or     (c)     in    the    aggregate    25    per 
centum   of   the   par   value   of  the   total   stock 
or   shares    of    the   corporation   outstanding   on 
March  3,   1917.  whichever  is  lowest: 

(5)  Intangible  property  bona  fide  paid  in i  for 
stock  or  shares    on   or   after  March   3.    1917, 
in    an    amount    not    exceeding    (a)    the    actual 
cash  value  of  such  property  at  the  time  paid 
in     (b)    the  par  value  of  the  stock  or  shares 
issued   therefor,    or    (c)    in    the    aggregate   25 
per    centum    of    the    par    value    of    the    total 
stock  or  shares  of  the  corporation  outstanding 
at  the  beginning   of   the  taxable  year,   which- 
ever   is    lowest:     Provided,    That    in    no    case 
shall   the    total    amount   included   under   para- 
graphs   (4)    and    (5)    exceed  in   the  aggregate 
25   per  centum  of  the  par  value  of  the  total 
stock   or  shares    of    the   corporation   outstand- 
ing at  the  beginning  of  the  taxable  year:  but 

(b)  As  used  in  this  title  the  term  "invested 
capital"  does  not  include  borrowed  capital. 

(c)  There    shall   be   deducted  from  invested 
capital  as   above  defined  a  percentage  thereof 

?qual  to  the  percentage  which  the  amount  of 
nadmissible  assets  is  of  the  amount  of  ad- 
missible and  inadmissible  assets  held  during 
the  taxable  year. 

(d)  The  invested  capital  for  any  period  shnll 
be  the  average  invested  capital  f9r  such  period, 
but    in   the    case    of    a    corporation    making    a 
return  for  a  fractional  part  of  a  year,  it  shall 
(except  for  the  purpose  of  paragraph    (2)    of 
subdivision    (a)    of   section   311)    be   the  same 
fractional  part  of  such  average  invested  cap- 

The  average  invested  capital  for  the  prewar 
period  shall  be  determined  by  dividing  the 
number  of  years  within  that  period  during 
the  whole  of  which  the  corporation  was  in 
existence  into  the  sum  of  the  average  invested 
capital  for  such  years. 

Sec.  327.  That  in  the  following  cases  the 
tax  shall  be  determined  as  provided  in  sec- 
tion 328: 

(a)  Where    the    commissioner   is   unable    to 
determine   the  invested  captial  as  provided  in 
section  326: 

(b)  In  the  case  of  a  foreign  corporation: 

(c)  Where    a    mixed    aggregate    of    tangible 
property  and  intangible  property  has  been  paid 
in  for  stock  or  for  stock  and  bonds  and  the 


commissioner  is  unable  satisfactorily  to  de- 
termine the  respective  values  of  the  several 
classes  of  property  at  the  time  of  payment 
or  to  distinguish  the  classes  of  property  paid 
in  for  stock  and  for  bonds,  respectively; 

(d)  Where  upon  application  by  the  cor- 
poration the  commissioner  finds  and  so  de- 
clares of  record  that  the  tax  if  determined 
without  benefit  of  this  section  would,  owing- 
to  abnormal  conditions  affecting-  the  capital 
or  income  of  the  corporation,  work  upon  the 
corporation  an  exceptional  hardship  evidenced 
by  gross  disproportion  between  the  tax  com- 
puted without  benefit  of  this  section  and  the 
tax  computed  by  reference  to  the  representa- 
tive Generations  specified  in  section  328. 
This  subdivision  shall  not  apply  to  any  case 
(1)  in  which  the  tax  (computed  without  ben- 
efit of  this  section)  is  high  merely  because 
the  corporation  earned  within  the  taxable 
year  a  high  rate  of  profit  upon  a  normal  in- 
vested capital,  nor  (2)  in  which  50  per 
centum  or  more  of  the  gross  income  of  the 
corporation  for  the  taxable  year  (computed 
under  section  233  of  Title  II)  consists  of 
gains,  profits,  commissions  or  other  income, 
derived  on  a  cost-plus  basis  from  a  govern- 
ment contract  or  contracts  made  between 
April  6.  1917,  and  Nov.  11.  1918,  both  dates 
inclusive. 

Sec.  328.  (a)  In  the  cases  specified  in  sec- 
tion 327  the  tax  shall  be  the  amount  which 
bears  the  same  ratio  to  the  net  income  of 
the  taxpayer  (in  excess  of  the  specific  exemp- 
tion of  $3,000)  for  the  taxable  year,  as  the 
average  tax  of  representative  corporations  en- 
gaged in  a  like  or  similar  trade  or  business, 
bears  to  their  average  net  income  (in  excess 
of  the  specific  exemption  of  $3.000)  for  such 
year.  In  the  case  of  a  foreign  corporation 
the  tax  shall  be  computed  without  deducting 
the  specific  exemption  of  $3,000  either  for 
the  taxpayer  or  the  representative  corpora- 
tions. 

In  computing  the  tax  under  this  section  the 
commissioner  shall  compare  the  taxpayer  only 
with  representative  corporations  whose  in- 
vested capital  can  be  satisfactorily  determined 
under  section  326  and  which  are.  as  nearly 
as  may  be,  similarly  circumstanced  with  re- 
spect to  gross  income,  net  income,  profits  per 
unit  of  business  transacted  and  capital  em- 
ployed, the  amount  and  rate  of  war  profits  or 
excess  profits,  and  all  other  relevant  facts  and 
circumstances. 

(b)  For  the  purposes  of  subdivision  (a)  the 
ratios  between  the  average  tax  and  the  aver- 
age net  income   of  representative  corporations 
shall   be   determined   by    the    commissioner  in 
accordance  with  regulations  prescribed  by  him 
with   the  approval   of  the  secretary. 

In  cases  in  which  the  tax  is  to  be  com- 
puted under  this  section,  if  the  tax  as  com- 
puted without  the  benefit  of  this  section  is 
less  than  50  per  centum  of  the  net  income 
of  the  taxpayer,  the  installments  shall  in  the 
first  instance  be  computed  upon  the  basis  of 
such  tax;  but  if  the  tax  so  computed  is  50 
per  centum  or  more  of  the  net  income,  the 
installments  shall  in  the  first  instance  be 
computed  upon  the  basis  of  a  tax  equal  to 
50  per  centum  of  the  net  income.  In  any 
case,  the  actual  ratio  when  ascertained  shall 
be  used  in  determining  the  correct  amount  of 
the  tax.  If  the  correct  amount  of  the  tax 
when  determined  exceeds  50  per  centum  of 
the  net  income,  any  excess  of  the  correct  in- 
stallments over  the  amounts  actually  paid 
shall  9n  notice  and  demand  be  paid  together 
with  interest  at  the  rate  of  %  of  1  per 
centum  per  month  on  such  excess  from  the 
time  the  installment  was  due. 

(c)  The  commissioner  shall  keep  a  record  of 
all   cases   in   which    the   tax   is   determined  in 
the  manner  prescribed  in  subdivision   (a),  con- 
taining-   the   name    and   address    of    each    tax- 


54 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


payer,  the  business  in  which  engaged,  the 
amount  of  invested  capital  and  net  income 
shown  by  the  return,  and  the  amount  of  in- 
vested capital  as  determined  under  such  sub- 
division. The  commissioner  shall  furnish  a 
copy  of  such  record  and  other  detailed  in- 
formation with  respect  to  such  cases  when 
required  by  resolution  of  either  house  of  con- 
gress, without  regard  to  the  restrictions  con- 
tained in  section  257. 

Part   VI.— Reorganizations. 

Sec.  330.  That  in  the  case  of  the  reorgan- 
ization, consolidation  or  change  of  ownership 
after  Jan.  1.  1911.  of  a  trade  or  business 
now  carried  on  by  a  corporation,  the  corpo- 
ration shall  for  the  purposes  of  this  title  be 
deemed  to  have  been  in  existence  prior  to 
that  date,  and  the  net  income  and  invested 
capital  of  such  predecessor  trade  or  business 
for  all  or  any  part  of  the  prewar  period  prior 
to  the  organization  of  the  corporation  now 
carrying  on  such  trade  or  business  shall  be 
deemed  to  have  been  the  net  income  and  in- 
vested capital  of  such  corporation. 

If  such  predecessor  trade  or  business  was 
carried  on  by  a  partnership  or  individual  the 
net  income  for  the  prewar  period  shall,  under 
regulations  prescribed  by  the  commissioner 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary,  be  ascer- 
tained and  returned  as  nearly  as  may  be 
upon  the  same  basis  and  in  the  same  manner 
as  provided  for  corporations  in  Title  II.,  in- 
cluding a  reasonable  deduction  for  salary  or 
compensation  to  each  partner  or  the  individ- 
ual for  personal  services  actually  rendered. 

In  the  case  of  the  organization  as  a  corpo- 
ration before  July  1.  1919,  of  any  trade  or 
business  in  which  capital  is  a  material  income 
producing  factor  and  which  was  previously 
owned  by  a  partnership  or  individual,  the  net 
income  of  such  trade  or  business  from  Jan. 
1.  1918,  to  the  date  of  such  reorganization 
may  at  the  option  of  the  individual  or  part- 
nership be  taxed  as  the  net  income  of  a  cor- 
poration is  taxed  under  Titles  II.  and  III.:  in 
which  event  the  net  income  and  invested  cap- 
ital of  such  trade  or  business  shall  be  com- 
puted as  if  such  corporation  had  been  in  ex- 
istence on  and  after  Jan.  1,  1918,  and  the  un- 
distributed profits  or  earnings  of  such  trade 
or  business  shall  not  be  subject  to  the  sur- 
tax imposed  in  section  211,  but  amounts  dis- 
tributed on  or  after  Jan.  1,  1918,  from  the 
earnings  of  such  trade  or  business  shall  be 
taxed  to  the  recipients  as  dividends,  and  all 
the  provisipns  of  Titles  II.  and  III.  relating 
to  corporations  shall  so  far  as  practicable  ap- 
ply to  such  trade  or  business:  Provided,  That 
this  paragraph  shall  not  apply  to  any  trade  or 
business  the  net  income  of  which  for  the  tax- 
able year  1918  was  less  than  20  per  centum 
of  its  invested  capital  for  such  year:  Provided, 
further,  That  any  taxpayer  who  takes  advan- 
tage of  this  paragraph  shall  pay  the  tax  im- 
posed by  section  1000  of  this  act  and  by  the 
first  subdivision  of  section  407  of  the  revenue 
act  of  1916.  as  ft  such  taxpayer  had  been  a 
corporation  on  and  after  Jan.  1,  1918,  with  a 
capital  stock  having  no  par  value. 

If  any  asset  of  the  trade  or  business  in  ex- 
istence both  during  the  taxable  year  and  any 
prewar  year  is  included  in  the  invested  capi- 
tal for  the  taxable  year  but  is  not  included 
in  the  invested  capital  for  such  prewar  year, 
or  is  valued  on  a  different  basis  in  comput- 
ing the  invested  capital  for  the  taxable  year 
and  such  prewar  year,  respectively,  then  under 
rules  and  regulations  to  be  prescribed  by  the 
commissioner  with  the  approval  of  the  secre- 
tary such  readjustments  shall  be  made  as  are 
necessary  to  place  the  computation  of  the  in- 
vested capital  for  such  prewar  year  on  the 
basis  employed  in  determining  the  invested 
capital  for  the  taxable  year. 

Sec.  331.  In  the  case  of  the  reorganization, 
consolidation  or  change  of  ownership  of  a 


trade  or  business,  or  change  of  ownership  of 
property,  after  March  3,  1917,  if  an  interest 
or  control  in  such  trade  or  business  or  prop- 
erty of  50  per  centum  or  more  remains  in 
the  same  persons,  or  any  of  them,  then  no 
asset  transferred  or  received  from  the  previ? 
ous.  owner  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  dS- 
minmg  invested  capital,  be  allowed  a  greater 
value  than  would  have  been  allowed  undlr 
this  title  in  computing  the  invested  capital  of 
such  previous  owner  if  such  asset  had  not 
been  so  transferred  or  received:  Provided 
That  if  such  previous  owner  was  not  a  cor": 
poration,  then  the  value  of  any  asset  so 
transferred  or  received  shall  be  taken  at  its 
C0?t  J3^  attrition  (at  the  date  when  ac 
quired  by  such  previous  owner)  with  proper 
allowance  for  depreciation,  impairment,  better- 
ment or  development,  but  no  addition  to  thV 
original  cost  shall  be  made  for  any  charge  or 
expenditure  deducted  as  expense  or  otherwise 
"  1913  in  coMSTtX 
°Wner  for  PUI" 


Part  VII.—  Miscellaneous. 
Sec.  335.  (a)  That  if  a  corporation  (other 
than  a  personal  service  corporation)  makps 
return  for  a  fiscal  year  beginning  in  1917  and 
ending  in  1918,  the  tax  for  the  first  taxable 
year  under  this  title  shall  be  the  sum  of  • 
(1)  the  same  proportion  of  a  tax  for  the  en- 
tire period  computed  under  Title  II  of 


of  the  entire  period  and  (2)  thf> 
same  proportion  of  a  tax  forthe  entire 
period  computed  under  this  title  at  the  ra  el 

the11  SSP  iViSi°?  (aV0f  s^ti°n  301 
Are  Portion  of  such  period  falling- 
thA  calendar  year  1918  is  of  the 


e        o,so 

the  amount    of  the  tax  imposed  by   thtettl 
the  excess  shall  be  credited  or  refunded  to  the 
of  sectfon^S  accordance  with  th°  Provision! 
(b)    If    a    corporation    makes    return    for    a 

1919  th|rtabxe8fnnin8'  in«19\8  and  ending  in 
ti  *io  '  v5.t  iax^or  such  fiscal  year  under  this 
title  shall  be  the  sum  of:  (1.)  the  same  pro 
portion  of  a  tax  for  the  entire  period  com- 
wh>h  U/hder  subdivision  (a)  of  section  301 
?*V?r  £?e  P°rtl°n  of  such  period  fallimr 

Se  period  ?  Wor,  yf£r  1918  is  °*  fi^S 
tire  period,  and  (2)  the  .same  proportion  of 

tubdfvisfnn  %  GntlIT  ^period  comPuted  under 
subdivision  (b)  or  (c)  of  section  301  which 
the  portion  of  Such  period  falling  within  the 
calendar  year  1919  is  of  the  entire  period 

11  a  partnership  or  a  personal  service 
corporation  makes  return  for  a  fiscal  vear 
beginning  in  1917  and  ending  in  1918  it  shall 
pay  the.  same  proportion,  of  a  tax  for  the  en- 
tire period  computed  under  Title  II  of  the 
revenue  act  of  1917  which  the  portion  of 

1917  fs^ofth3111"?-  Within   the   calendar  year 
A  entire  period 

" 


Sec     Qmrr,°neoi7Rly  °r  illegally  collected. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAE-BOOK  FOR   1920, 


t 


hereby  made 
by  this  title, 
a  bona  fide 


Sec    337    That   in   the  oase    ,  • 


R^le   shall   not   exceed   20    per   centum    of    the 
wllinl  pricS  of   such  property   or  interest. 

TITLE    IV.—  ESTATE   TAX. 
<?PP    400    That  when   used  in    this   title— 


fn  the  United'  States,  then  the  collector  of  the 


or    if  such  part  of  the  gross  estate  Is 


Title    II     of    the   revenue   act    of 
S?  o 

°off 


the  United   States: 


1  per    centum    of    the    amount    of    the    net 

—  of  $50.000: 

2  r>er  centum   or  the   amount  by  which  the 
v     net   estate   exceeds   $50,000   and  does   not   ex- 

Ce|dp?r5c°enU?m  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  elfate  exceeds  $150,000  and  does  not  ex- 

Ce4dpSe?52ent2m  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  Ste  exceeds  $250.000  and  does  not  ex- 

nf  tbe  amount  bv  which  the 
ne"  esAair>^d°sf  $45eOOOOUand  does  not  ex- 

nf  the  amount  by  which  the 
ne°t  estatr^ceed0sf$75eo,omO°Uand  does  not  ex- 

CG10  Sr°wntSm:  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  estate  excePds  $1,000.000  and  does  not  ex- 
ceed $1.500.000:  .  .  ,  ., 

1°  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  estate  exceeds  $1.500.000  and  does  not  ex- 

C614  ?er0?e°n?Sm  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  estate  exceeds  $2,000.000  and  does  not  ex- 

C616  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  estate  exceeds  $3,000,000  and  does  not  ex- 

18  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  estate  exceeds  $4,000.000  and  does  not  ex 
ceed  $5.000.000: 

"0  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  estate  exceeds  $5.000,000  and  does  not  ex 
ceed  $8.000.000: 

°2  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  the 
net  estate  exceeds  $8.000,000  and  does  not  ex 
ce^d  $10.000.000:  and 

25  per  centum  of  the  amount  by  which  ti 
net  estate  exceeds  $10.000.000. 

The  taxes  imposed  by  this  title  or  by  Title 
II  of  the  revenue  act  of  1916  (as  amended 
by  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  in 
creased  revenue  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the 
increased  appropriations  for  the  army  and 


navy  and  the  extensions  of  fortifications,  and 
for  other  purposes."  approved  March  3,  1917) 
or  by  Title  IX.  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917. 
shall  not  apply  to  the  transfer  of  the  net 
estate  of  any  decedent  who  has  died  or  may 
die  while  serving'  in  the  military  or  naval 
forces  of  the  United  States  in  the  present  war 
or  from  injuries  received  or  disease  contracted 
while  in  such  service,  and  any  such  tax  col- 
lected upon  such  transfer  shall  be  refunded  to 
the  executor. 

Sec.  402.  That  the  value  of  the  gross  estate 
of  the  decedent  shall  be  determined  by  includ- 
ing: the  value  at  the  time  of  his  death  of 
all  property,  real  or  personal,  tangible  or  in- 
tangible. wherever  situated  — 

(a)  To    the    extent    of    the   interest    therein 
of    the    decedent    at    the    time    of    his    death 
which   after  his  death  is  subject   to  the  pay- 
ment   of    the    charges    against    his    estate    and 

he  expenses  of  its  administration  and  is  sub- 
ect  to  distribution  as  part  of  his  estate: 

(b)  To   the  extent    of   any   interest    therein 
if  the  surviving  spouse,  existing  at  the  time 
f  the  decedent's  death  as  dower,   courtesy  or 
jy   virtue   of    a   statute   creating   an  estate  in 
ieu  of  dower  or  courtesy: 

(c)  To    the   extent    of    any    interest    therein 
if  which  the  decedent  has  at  any  time  made 
i   transfer,    or  with   respect   to  which  he  has 
it  any  time  created  a  trust,  in  contemplation 
>f  or  intended  to  take  effect  in  possession  or 
•njoyment  at  or  after  his  death  (whether  such 
ransfer  or  trust  is  made  or  created  before  or 
tfter  the  passage  of  this  act),  except  in  ca&e 
of    a   bona    fide    sale   for   a    fair   consideration 

n  money  or  money's  worth.  Any  transfer  of 
a  material  part  of  his  property  in  the  nature 
of  a  final  disposition  or  distribution  thereof. 
made  by  the  decedent  within  two  years  prior 
to  his  death  without  such  a  consideration. 
shall,  unless  shown  to  the  contrary,  be 
deemed  to  have  been  made  in  contemplation 
of  death  witnin  the  meaning  of  this  title: 

(d)  To   the   extent    of  .  the    interest    therein 
leld  jointly  or  as   tenants  in   the   entirety  by 
the  decedent   and  any  'other  person,    or  depos- 
'ted    in    banks    or    other   institutions    in    their 
.oint    names    and    payable    to    either    or    tho 
survivor,  except  such  part  thereof  as  may  be 
shown    to    have    originally    belonged    to    such 
other   person   and  never  to  have  belonged  to 
the  decedent: 

(e)   To    the    extent    of   any    propertv   pass- 
ing   under    a    general    power    of    appointment 

will,  or   (2) 
by  deed   executed  in   cntemplatiun  of.    or  in- 


. 

tended  to  take  effect  in  possession  or  enjoy- 
ment at  or  after,  his  death,  except  in  case 
of  a  bona  fide  sale  for  a  fair  consideration 
in  money  or  money's  worth:  and 

(f)  To  the  extent  of  the  amount  receiv- 
able by  the  executor  as  insurance  under 
policies  taken  out  by  the  decedent  upon  his 
own  life:  and  to  the  extent  of  the  excess 
over  $40.000  of  the  amount  receivable  by  all 
other  beneficiaries  as  insurance  under  policies 
taken  out  by  the  decedent  upon  his  own  life. 

Sec.  403.  That  for  the  purpose  of  the  tax 
the  value  of  the  net  estate  shall  be  deter- 
mined — 

(a)  In  the  case  of  a  resident,  by  deducting 
from  the  value  of  the  gross  estate  — 

(1)  Such  amounts  for  funeral  expenses,  ad- 
ministration expenses.  claims  against  the  es- 
tate, unpaid  mortgages,  losses  incurred  dur- 
ing the  s^ttlem^nt  of  the  estate  arising  from 
fires,  storms,  uhlDWiwek,  or-  other  casualty,  or 
from  theft,  vh^n  pneh  losses  are  not  com- 
pensated for  by  insurance  or  otherwise,  and 
such  amounts  reasonably  recmired  and  actu- 
ally expended  for  the  annnort  dnriner  the  set- 
tlement of  the  estate  of  tho««  dependent  upon 
the  deced°nt.  as  are  allowed  by  the  laws  of 
the  Jurisdiction,  whether  within  or  without 
the  United  States,  under  which  the  estate  is 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


being:  administered,  but  not  including1  any 
income  taxes  upon  income  received  after  the 
death  of  the  decedent,  or  any  estate,  succes- 
sion, legacy,  or  inheritance  taxes; 

(2)  An  amount   equal   to   the   value  at   the 
time  of  the  decedent's  death  of  any  property, 
real,   personal   or  mixed,   which  can  be  identi- 
fied as  having  been  received  by  the  decedent 
as   a  share  in    the   estate   of   any   person    who 
died   within   five  years   prior   to   the   death   of 
the    decedent,    or    which    can   be    identified    as 
having-  been  acquired  by   the   decedent   in  ex- 
change for  property  so  received,  if  an  estate 
tax   under   the  revenue   act   of   1917   or  under 
this  act   was   collected   from   such  estate,    and 
if  such  property  is  included  in  the  decedent's 
gross   estate: 

(3)  The    amount    of   all   bequests,    legacies, 
devises,    or   gifts,    to    or    for    the    use    of    the 
United    States,    any    state,    territory,    any    po- 
litical  subdivision   thereof,    or   the   District  of 
Columbia,   for  exclusively  public  purposes,    or 
to   or  for   the   use   of   any   corporation  organ- 
ized   and    operated    exclusively    for    religious, 
charitable,    scientific,    literary,    or    educational 
purposes,  including  the  encouragement  of  art 
and  the   prevention   of    cruelty  to   children  or 
animals,  no  part  of  the  net  earnings  of  which 
inures    to    the    benefit    of    any    private    stock- 
holder or  individual,   or  to  a  trustee  or  trus- 
tees exclusiyely  for  such  religious,  charitabl". 
scientific,     literary,    or    educational    purposes. 
This  deduction  shall  be  made  in  case  of  the 
estates   of    all  decedents   who  have  died   since 
Dec.   31,    1917:    and 

(4)  An   exemption   of   550,000: 

(b)  In  the  case  of  a  nonresident,  by  de- 
ducting from  the  value  of  that  part  of  his 
gross  estate  which  at  the  time  of  his  death 
is  situated  in  the  United  States- 
CD  That  proportion  of  the  deductions  spec- 
ified in  paragraph  (1)  of  subdivision  (a)  of 
this  section  which  the  value  of  such  part 
bears  to  the  value  of  his  entire  gross  es- 
tate, wherever  situated,  but  in  no  case  shall 
the  amount  so  deducted  exceed  10  per  centum 
of  the  value  of  that  p*rt  of  his  gross  estate 
•which  at  the  time  of  his  death  is  situated 
in  the  United  States: 

(2)  An  amount   equal  to  the  value  at  the 
time  of  the  decedent's  death  of  any  property, 
real,   personal,   or  mixed,   which  can  be  iden- 
tified as  having  been  received  by  the  decedent 
as  a    share  in   the  estate   of   any   person  who 
died   within   five  years  prior  to   the   death   of 
the    decedent,    or    which    can    be    identified    as 
having  been  acquired  by   the  decedent  in  ex- 
change for  property   so  received,   if   an  estate 
tax  under  the  revenue   act   of  1917   or  under 
this  act   was  collected  from   such  estate,    and 
if    such  property   is  included  in   that   part   of 
the  decedent's  gross  estate  which  at  the  time 
of  his  death  is  situated  in  the  United  States: 
and 

(3)  The    amount    of   all   bequests,    legacies, 
devises,    or   gifts,    to    or    for   the   use    of    the 
United  States,    any  state,   territory,   any  polit- 
ical subdivision  thereof,  or  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia,  for  exclusively  public  purposes,  or  to 
or  for  the  use  of  any  domestic  corporation  or- 
ganized and  operated  exclusively  for  religious, 
charitable,    scientific,    literary.,    or    educational 
purposes,   including  the  encouragement   of  art 
and  the   prevention   of   cruelty    to   children  or 
animals,  no  part -of  the  net  earnings  of  which 
inures    to    the    benefit    of    any    private    stock- 
holder or  individual,   or  to  a  trustee   or  trus- 
tees exclusiyely  for  such  religipus,   charitable, 
scientific,     literary,     or    educational     purposes 
within    the     United    States.       This    deduction 
shall  be   made   in    case    of    the    estates   of   all 
decedents  who  have  died  since  Dec.  31,   1917; 
and 

No  deduction  shall  be  allowed  in  the  case 
<>f  a  nonresident  unless  the  executor  includes 
in  the  return  required  to  be  filed  under  sec- 
tion 404  the  value  at  the  time  of  his  death 


of  that  part  of  the  gross  estate  of  the  non- 
resident not  situated  in  the  United  States. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  title  stock  in  a 
.lomestic  corporation  owned  and  held  by  a 
nonresident  decedent,  and  the  amount  receiv- 
able as  insurance  upon  the  life  of  a  nonresi- 
dent decedent  where  the  insurer  is  a  domestic 
corporation,  shall  be  deemed  property  within 
the  United  States,  and  any  property  of  which 
the  decedent  has  made  a  transfer  or  with  re- 
spect to  which  he  has  created  a  trust,  within 
the  meaning  of>  subdivision  (c)  of  section 
402.  shall  be  deemed  to  be  situated  in  the 
United  States,  if  so  situated  either  at  the 
time  of  the  transfer  or  the  creation  of  the 
trust,  or  at  the  time  of  the  decedent's  death. 

In  the  case  of  any  estate  in  respect  to 
which  the  tax  under  existing  law  has  been 
paid,  if  necessary  to  allow  the  benefit  of  the 
deduction  under  paragraph  (3)  of  subdivision 
(a)  or  (b)  the  tax  shall  be  redetermined 
and  any  excess  of  tax  paid  shall  be  refunded 
to  the  executor. 

Sec.  404.  That  the  executor,  within  sixty 
days  after  qualifying  as  such,  or  after  com- 
ing into  possession  of  any  property  of  the  de- 
cedent, whichever  event  first  occurs,  shall 
give  written  notice  thereof  to  the  collector. 
The  executor  shall  also,  at  such  times  and  in 
such  manner  as  may  be,  required  by  regula- 
tions made  pursuant  to  law,  file  with  the 
collector  a  return  under  oath  in  duplicate, 
setting  forth  (a)  the  value  of  the  gross  es- 
tate of  the  decedent  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  or,  in  case  of  a  nonresident,  of  that 
part  of  his  gross  estate  situated  in  the 
United  States:  (b)  the  deductions  allowed  un- 
der section  403:  (c)  the  value  of  the  net 
estate  of  the  decedent  as  defined  in  section 
403:  and  (d)  the  tax  paid  or  payable  there- 
on: or  such  part  of  such  information  as 
may  at  the  time  be  ascertainable  and  such 
supplemental  data  as  may  be  necessary  to 
establish  the  correct  tax. 

Return  shall  be  made  in  all  cases  where 
the  gross  estate  at  the  death  of  the  decedent 
exceeds  $50,000,  and  in  the  case  of  the  es- 
tate of  every  nonresident  any  part  of  whose 
gross  estate  is  situated  in  the  United  States. 
If  the  executor  is  unable  to  make  a  com- 
plete return  as  to  any  part  of  the  gross  es- 
tate of  the  decedent,  he  shall  include  in  his 
return  a  description  of  such  part  and  the 
name  of  every  person  holding  a  legal  or  bene- 
ficial interest  therein,  and  upon  notice  from 
the  collector  such  person  shall  in  like  man- 
ner make  a  return  as  to  such  part  of  the 
gross  estate.  The  commissioner  shall  make 
all  assessments  of  the  tax  under  the  author- 
ity of  existing  administrative  special  and 
general  provisions  of  law  relating  to  the  as- 
sessment and  collection  of  taxes. 

Sec.  405.  That  if  no  administration  is  grant- 
ed upon  the  estate  of  a  decedent,  or  if  no 
return  is  filed  as  provided  in  section  404,  or 
if  a  return  contains  a  false  or  incorrect  state- 
ment of  a  material  fact,  the  collector  or  dep- 
uty collector  shall  make  a  return  and  the 
commissioner  shall  assess  the  tax  thereon. 

Sec.  406.  That  the  tax  shall  be  due  one 
year  after  the  decedent's  death;  but  in  any 
case  where  the  commissioner  finds  that  pay- 
ment of  the  tax  within  one  year  after  the  de- 
cedent's death  would  impose  undue  hardship 
upon  the  estate,  he  may  grant  an  extension 
of  time  for  the  payment  of  the  tax  for  a 
period  not  to  exceed  three  years  from  the 
due  date.  If  the  tax  is  not  paid  within  one 
year  and  180  days  after  the  decedent's  death. 
interest  at  the  rate  of  6  per  centum  per  an- 
num from  the  expiration  of  one  year  after 
the  decedent's  death  shall  be  added  as  part  of 
the  tax. 

Sec.  407.  That  the  executor  shall  pay  the 
tax  to  the  collector  or  deputy  collector.  If 
the  amount  of  the  tax  cannot  be  determined. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


the  payment  of  a  sum  of  money  sufficient, 
in  the  opinion  of  the  collector,  to  discharge 
the  tax  shall  be  deemed  payment  in  full  of 
the  tax.  except  as  in  this  section  otherwise 
provided.  If  the  amount  so  paid  exceeds  the 
amount  of  the  tax  as  finally  determined,  the 
commissioner  shall  refund  such  excess  to  the 
executor.  If  the  amount  of  the  tax  as  finally 
determined  exceeds  the  amount  so  paid,  the 
collector  shall  notify  the  executor  of  the 
amount  of  such  excess  and  demand  payment 
thereof.  If  such  excess  part  of  the  tax  is  not 
paid  within  thirty  days  after  such  notifica- 
tion, interest  shall  be  add'jd  thereto  av  the 
rate  of  10  per  centum  per  annum  from  the 
expiration  of  such  thirty  days'  period  un- 
til paid,  and  the  amount  of  such  excess  shall 
be  a  lien  upon  the  entire  gross  estate,  except 
such  part  thereof  as  may  have  been  sold  to  a 
bona  fide  purchaser  for  a  fair  consideration  in 
money  or  money's  worth. 

The  collector  shall  grant  to  the  person  pay- 
ing- the  tax  duplicate  receipts,  either  of  which 
shall  be  sufficient  evidence  of  such  payment, 
and  shall  entitle  the  executor  to  be  credited 
and  allowed  the  amount  thereof  by  any  court 
having-  jurisdiction  to  audit  or  settle  his  ac- 
counts. 

Sec.  408.  That  if  the  tax  herein  imposed  is 
not  paid  within  180  days  after  it  is  due,  the 
collector  shall,  unless  there  is  reasonable 
cause  for  further  delay,  proceed  to  collect 
the  tax  under  the  provisions  of  general  law, 
or  commence  appropriate  proceeding's  in  any 
court  of  the  United  States,  in  the  name  of  the 
United  States,  to  subject  the  property  of  the 
decedent  to  be  sold  under  the  judgment  or 
decree  of  the  court.  From  the  proceeds  of 
such  sale  the  amount  of  the  tax,  tog-ether 
with  the  costs  and  expenses  of  every  descrip- 
tion to  be  allowed  by  the  court,  shall  be 
first  paid,  and  the  balance  shall  be  deposited 
according-  to  the  order  of  the  court,  to  be 
paid  under  its  direction  to  the  person  en- 
titled thereto. 

If  the  tax  or  any  part  thereof  is  paid  by 
or  collected  out  of  that  part  of  the  estate 
passing-  to  or  in  the  possession  of  any  per- 
son other  than  the  executor  in  his  capacity 
as  such,  such  person  shall  be  entitled  to  re- 
imbursement out  of  any  part  of  the  estate 
still  undistributed  or  by  a  just  and  equitable 
contribution  by  the  persons  whose  interest  in 
the  estate  of  the  decedent  would  have  been 
reduced  if  the  tax  had  been  paid  before  the 
distribution  of  the  estate  or  whose  interest  is 
subject  to  equal  or  prior  liability  for  the  pay- 
ment of  tax-s,  debts,  or  other  charges  against 
the  estate,  it  being  the  purpose  and  intent  of 
this  title  that  so  far  as  is  practicable  and  un- 
less otherwise  directed  by  the  will  of  the  de- 
cedent the  tax  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  estate 
before  its  distribution.  If  any  part  of  the 
gross  estate  consists  of  proceeds  of  policies 
of  insurance  upon  the  life  of  the  decadent  re- 
ceivable by  a  beneficiary  other  than  the 
executor,  the  executor  shall  be  entitled  to  re- 
cover from  such  beneficiary  such  P9rtion  of 
the  total  tax  paid  as  the  proceeds,  in  excess 
of  $40,000,  of  such  policies  bear  to  the  net 
estate.  If  there  is  more  than  one  such  bene- 
ficiary the  executor  shnll  be  entitled  to  re- 
cover from  such  beneficiaries  in  the  same 
ratio. 

Sec.  409.  That  unless  the  tax  is  sooner 
paid  in  full,  it  shall  be  a  lien  for  ten  years 
upon  the  gross  estate  of  the  decedent,  except 
that  such  part  of  the  gross  estate  as  is  used 
for  the  payment  of  charges  against  the  estate 
and  expenses  of  its  administration,  allowed  by 
any  court  having-  jurisdiction  thereof,  shall  be 
divested  of  such  lien.  If  the  commissioner  is 
satisfied  that  the  tax  liability  of  an  estate  has 
been  fully  discharged  or  provided  for,  he  may, 
under  regulations  prescribed  by  him  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  issue  his  certificate 


releasing   any    or  all    property   of   such   estate 
from   the   lien  herein  imposed. 

If  (a)  the  decedent  makes  a  transfer  of,  or 
creates  a  trust  with  respect  to  any  property  in 
contemplation  of  or  intended  to  take  effect 
in  possession  or  enjoyment  at"  or  after  his 
death  (except  in  the  case  of  a  bona  fide  sale 
for  a  fair  consideration  in  money  or  money's 
worth)  or  (b)  if  insurance  passes  under  a 
contract  executed  by  the  decedent  in  favor  of 
a  specific  beneficiary,  and  if  in  either  case 
the  tax  in  respect  thereto  is  not  paid  when 
due.  then  the  transferee,  trustee,  or  bene- 
ficiary shall  be  personally  liable  for  such  tax. 
and  such  property,  to  the  extent  of  the  de- 
cedent's interest  therein  at  the  time  of  such 
transfer,  or  to  the  extent  of  such  beneficiary's 
interest  under  such  contract  of  insurance,  shall 
'  be  subject  to  a  like  lien  equal  to  the  amount 
)  of  such  tax.  Any  part  of  such  property  sold 
1  by  such  transferee  or  trustee  to  a  bona  fide 
purchaser  for  a  fair  consideration  in  money  or 
money's  worth  shall  be  divested  of  the  lien 
and  a  like  lien  shall  then  attach  to  all  the 
property  of  such  transferee  or  trustee,  except 
any  part  sold  to  a  bona  fide  purchaser  for  a 
fair  consideration  in  money  or  money's  worth. 
Sec.  410.  That  whoever  knowingly  makes 
any  false  statement  in  any  notice  or  return 
required  to  be  filed  under  this  .title  shall  be 
liable  to  a  penalty  of  not  exceeding  $5.000.  or 
imprisonment  not  exceeding  one  year,  or  both. 
Whoever  fails  to  comply  with  any  duty  im- 
posed upon  him  by  section  404,  or,  having  in 
his  possession  or  control  any  record,  file,  or 
paper,  containing  or  supposed  to  contain  any 
information  concerning  the  estate  of  the  de- 
cedent, or,  having  in  his  possession  or  control 
any  property  comprised  in  the  gross  estate 
of  the  decedent,  fails  to  exhibit  the  same  upon 
request  to  the  commissioner  or  any  collector 
or  law  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  his  duly 
authorized  deputy  or  agent,  who  desires  to 
examine  the  same  in  the  performance  of  his 
duties  under  this  title,  shall  be  liable  to  a 
penalty  of  not  exceeding  $500,  t9  be  recov- 
ered, with  costs  of  suit,  in  a  civil  action  in 
the  name  of  the  United  States. 
TITLE  V.— TAX  ON  TRANSPORTATION  ANI> 
OTHER  FACILITIES.  AND  ON 

INSURANCE. 

Sec.  500.  That  from  and  after  April  1,  1919. 
there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  collected,  and 
paid,  in  lieu  of  the  taxes  imposed  by  sec- 
tion 500  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917 — 

(a)  A    tax   equivalent    to    3    per   centum    of 
the  amount  paid  for  the  transportation  on  or 
rfter  such  date,   by   rail   or  water   or  by   any 
form    of    mechanical    motor    power    when    in 
competition  with  carriers  by  rail  or  water,   of 
property  by  freight  transported  from  one  point 
in    the   United   States    to    another:    and   a   like 
tax   on   the   amount   paid  for  such   transporta- 
tion   within    the    United    States    of    property 
transported   from   a    point   without    the   United 
States    to    a    point    within    the   United    States: 

(b)  A    tax    of    1    cent    for    each    20    cents 
or    fraction    thereof    of    the    amount    paid    to 
any  person  for  the  transportation  on  or  after 
such  date,   by  rail   or  water   or  by    any  form 
of  mechanical  motor  power  when  in  competi- 
tion   with    express    by    rail    or    water    of    any 
package,     parcel,     or     shipment,     by     express, 
transported    from     one    point    in    the    United 
States    to    another;     and    a    like    tax    on    the 
amount    paid    for    such    transportation    within 
the  United  States  of  property  transported  from 
a  point  without  the  United  States  to  a  point 
within  the  United   States; 

(c)  A    tax   equivalent    to    8   per    centum    of 
the  amount  paid  for  the  transportation  on  or 
after   such   date  of   persons  by    rail   or  water, 
or  by   any   form    of    mechanical   motor  power 
on    a    regular    established    line   when    in    com- 
petition  with   carriers  by   rail   or  water,   from 
one  point  in  the  United  States  to   another  or 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


to  any  point  in  Canada  or  Mexico,  where  th 
ticket  or  order  therefor  is  sold  or  issued  i 
the  United  States,  not  including1  the  amoun 
paid  for  commutation  or  season  tickets  fo 
trip8  less  than  thirty  miles,  or  for  transporta 
tion  the  fare  for  which  does  not  exceed  4 
cents:  Provided,  That  where  such  wate 
transportation  lines  are  in  competition  be 
tween  American  ports  with  foreign  wate 
transportation  lines  from  adjacent  foreig: 
ports,  the  tax  imposed  under  this  subdivisio: 
on  amounts  paid  for  water  transportation  be 
tween  American  ports  shall  not  exceed  th 
amount  of  the  transportation  tax  to  whic] 
such  foreign  water  transportation  lines  ar 
subjected  by  their  government  correspondinf 
to  this  tax; 

(d)  A    tax  equivalent   to    8    per  centum   o 
the  amount  paid  for  seats,   berths   and  state 
rooms  in  parlor  cars,   sleeping-  cars  or  on  ves 
eels,   used   on   or   after   such   date   in   connec 
tion   with    transportation    upon   which    tax   i 
imposed  by  subdivision    (c)  ; 

(e)  A   tax   equivalent  to   8  per  centum  o 
the    amount    paid    for    the    transportation    on 
or  after  such  date  of   oil  by  pipe  line; 

(f)  In    the    case    of    each    telegraph,     tele 
phone,    cable    or    radio    dispatch,    message,    o: 
conversation,     which     originates    on    or    afte 
such  date   within  the   United   States,    and  fo] 
the  transmission  of  which  the  charge  is  more 
than  14  cents  and  not  more  than  50  cents,  a 
tax    of    5    cents;    and   if    the    charge,  is   more 

'  than  50  cents,  a  tax  of  10  cents:  Provided 
That  only  one  payment  of  such  tax  shall  be 
required,  notwithstanding  the  lines  or  sta 
tiona  of  one  or  more  persons  are  used  for 
the  transmission  of  such  dispatch,  message 
or  conversation;  and 

(g)  A  tax  equivalent  to  10  per  centum  of 
tho  amount  paid  after  such  date  to  any  tele 
graph    or    telephone    company    for    any    leased 
wire    or    talking    circuit    special    service    fur 
nished  after  such  date.     This  subdivision  shal 
not  apply  to  the  amount  paid  for  so  much  of 
such  service  as  is  utilized    (1)    in   the  collec- 
tion   and  dissemination    of   news   through    the 
public    press,    or     (2)    in    the    conduct,    by    a 
common    carrier     or    telegraph     or    telephone 
company,   of  its  business  as  such; 

(h)  No  tax  shall  be  imposed  under  this 
section  upon  any  payment  received  for  serv- 
ices rendered  to  the  United  States  or  to  any 
state  or  territory  or  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia. The  right  to  exemption  under  this  sub- 
division shall  be  evidenced  in  such  manner  as 
the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  may  by  regulation  prescribe. 

Sf-c.  501.  (a)  That  the  taxes  imposed  by 
section  600  shall  be  paid  by  the  person  pay- 
ing for  the  services  or  facilities  rendered. 

(b)  If  a  mileage  book  used  for  transporta- 
tion or  accommodation  was  purchased  before 
Nov.  1.  1917.  or  if  cash  fare  is  paid,  the  tax 
imposed    by    section    500     shall    be    collected 
from  the  person  presenting  the  mileage  book, 
or  paying  the  cosh  fare,  by  the  conductor  or 
other   agent,    when   presented   for   such   trans- 
portation or  accommodr>tion.   and   the   amount 
so  collected  shall  be  paid  to  the  United  States 
in    such    manner    and    at    snch    times    as    the 

•commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the  sec- 
retary. may  prescribe;  if  a  ticket  (other 
than  a  mileage  book)  was  bought  and  par- 
tially used  before  Nov.  1.  1917,  it  shall  not 
be  taxed,  but  if  bought  but  not  so  used  be- 
fore section  500  takes  effect,  it  shall  not  be 
valid  for  passage  until  the  tax  has  been  paid 
and  such  payment  evidenced  on  the  ticket  in 
such  manner  as  the  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  may  by  regulation 
prescribe. 

(c)  The  taxes  imposed  by  section  500  shall 
apply    to    all    services    or    facilities    specified 
in     such     section     when     rpndered     for     hire. 
whether    or    not    the    agency    rendering    them 

In  c 


is  a  common  carrier. 


ase  a  carrier   (other  when 


than  a  pipe  line)  principally  engaged  in  ren- 
dering transportation  services  or  facilities  for 
hire  does  not.  because  of  its  ownership  of 
the  goods  transported,  or  for  any  other  rea- 
son, receive  the  amount  which  as  a  carrier  it 
would  otherwise  charge,  such  carrier  shall 
pay  a  tax  equivalent  to  the  tax  which  would 
be  imposed  upon  the  transportation  of  such 
goods  if  the  carrier  received  payment  for  such 
transportation,  such  tax,  if  it  can  not  be 
computed  from  actual  rates  or  tariffs  of  the 
earner,  to  be  computed  on  the  basis  of  the 
rates  or  tariffs  of  other  carriers  for  like  serv- 
ices as  determined  by  the  commissioner  In 
the  case  of  any  carrier  (other  than  a  pipe 
line)  the  principal  business  of  which  is  to 
transport  goods  belonging  to  it  on  its  own 
account  and  which  only  incidentally  renders 
services  for  hire,  the  tax  shall  apply  to 
such  services  or  facilities  only  as  are  actu- 
ally rendered  by  it  for  hire.  Nothing  in  this, 
or  the  preceding  section  shall  be  construed  as 
imposing  a  tax  (1)  upon  the  transportation 
of  any  commodity  which  is  necessary  for 
the  use  of  the  carrier  in  the  conduct  of  its 
business  as  such  and  is  intended  to  be  so 
used  or  hns  been  so  used:  or  (2)  upon  the 
transportation  of  company  material  trans- 
ported by  one  carrier,  which  constitutes  a  part 
°*  .  a  railroad  system,  for  another  carrier 
which  is  also  a  part  of  the  same  system. 

(d)  The  tax  imposed  by  subdivision  (e)  of 
section  500  shall  apply  to  all  transportation 
of  oil  by  pipe  line.  In  case  no  charge  for 
transportation  is  made,  by  reason  of  owner- 
ship of  the  commodity  transported,  or  for  any 
other  renson,  the  person  transporting  by  pipe 
line  shall  pay  a  tax  equivalent  to  the  tax 
which  would  be  imposed  if  such  person  re- 
ceived payment  for  such  transportation,  and 
if  the  tax  cannot  be  computed  from  actual 
bona  fide  rates  or  tariffs,  it  shall  be  com- 
puted (1)  on  the  basis  of  the  rates  or  tariffs 
of  other  pipe  lines  for  like  service,  as  de- 
termined by  the  commissioner,  or  (2)  if  no 
such  rates  or  tariffs  exist,  on  the  basis  of  a 
reasonable  charge  for  such  transportation,  as 
determined  by  the  commissioner. 

Sec.  502.  That  each  person  receiving  any 
payments  referred  to  in  section  500  shall  col- 
lect the  amount  of  the  tax,  if  any,  im- 
posed by  such  section  from  the  person  mak- 
ing such  payments,  and  shall  make  monthly 
returns  under  oath,  in  duplicate,  and  pay  the 
taxes  so  collected  and  the  taxes  imposed  upon 
it  under  subdivision  (c)  or  (d)  of  section 
501  to  the  collector  of  the  district  in  which 
ihe  principal  office  or  place  of  business  is 
ocated. 

No  carrier  collecting  the  taxes  imposed  by 
subdivision  (a)  or  (b)  of  section  500  shall 
be  required  to  list  the  amount  of  such  tax 
separately  in  any  bill  of  lading,  freight  or 
•xpress  receipt,  or  other  similar  document,  if 
he  total  amount  of  the  transportation  charge 
and  the  tax  is  stated  therein. 

Any  person  making  a  refund  of  any  pay- 
ment upon  which  tax  is  collected  under  this 
section  may  repay  therewith  the  amount  of 
he  tax  collected  on  such  payment:  and  the 
.mount  so  repaid  may  be  credited  against 
amounts  included  in  any  subsequent  monthly 
return. 

The  returns  required  under  this  section  shall 
ontain  such  information,  and  be  made  at 
uch  times  and  in  such  manner,  as  the  com- 
missioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary. 
.ay  by  regulation  prescribe. 
The  tax  shall,  without  assessment  by  the 
ommissioner  or  notice  from  the  collector,  be 
ue  and  payable  to  the  collector  at  the  time 
o  fixed  for  filing-  he  return.  If  the  tax  is 
ot  paid  when  due,  there  shall  be  added  as 
>art  of  thn  tax  a  penalty  of  5  per  centum, 
ogether  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  1  per 
entum  for  each  full  month,  from  the  time 
the  tax  became  due. 


ALMANAC   A^ND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


59 


Insurance. 

Sec.  503.  That  from  and  after  April  1.  1910. 
there  shall  bfe  levied,  assessed,  collected,  and 
paid,  in  lieu  of  the  taxes  imposed  by  section 
604  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917,  the  follow- 
ing- taxes  on  the  issuance  of  insurance 
policies,  including-,  in.  the  case  of  policies  is- 
sued outside  the  United  States  (except  those 
taxable  under  subdivision  15  of  Schedule  A 
of  Title  XI.).  their  delivery  within  the  United 
States  by  any  agent  or  b^ker,  whether  acting 
for  the  insurer  or  the  insured;  such  taxes 
to  be  paid  by  the  insurer,  or  by  such  agent 
or  broker: 

(a)  Life    insurance:     A    tax    equivalent    to 
8  cents  on  each  $100  or  fractional  part  there- 
of of  the  amount  for  which  any  life  is  insured 
under    any   .policy    of   insurance,    or   other   in- 
strument,    by     whatever    name    the    same    is 
called:      Provided,    That    on    all    policies    for 
life  insurance  only  by  which  a  life  is  insured 
not   in  excess   of    $500,    issued   on   the   indus- 
trial  or   weekly   or   monthly   payment   plan  of 
insurance,   the  tax  shall  be  40  per  centum  of 
the   amount   of    the    first   weekly    premium   or 
20    per    centum    of    the    amount    of    the    first 
monthly  premium,    as    the  case  may  be:   Pro- 
vided  further.   That  on  policies  of  group   life 
insurance,    covering-   groups    of    not    less   than 
twenty-five    lives  in    the   employ   of   the   same 
person,   for  the  benefit  of  persons  other  than 
the   employer,   the   tax   shall  be   equivalent   to 
4  cents  on  each  $100  of  the  aggregate  amount 
for  which   the  group   policy   is  issued   and  of 
any  net  increase  in  the  amount  of  the  insur- 
ance  under    such   policy:      And  provided    fur- 
ther.    That     on     all     policies     covering     life, 
health     and    accident    insurance    combined    in 
one  policy  by  which   a  life  is  insured  not  in 
excess   of    $500.    issued   on    the   industrial    or 
weekly  or  monthly  payment  plan  of  insurance, 
the  tax  shall  be  40  per  centum  of  the  amount 
of  the  first  weekly  premium  or  20  per  centum 
of  the  amount  of  the  first  monthly  premium, 
as  the  case   may  be; 

(b)  Marine,  inland  and  fire  insurance:     A 
tax   equivalent    to    1    cent    on    each   dollar  or 
fractional     part      thereof      of      the     premium 
charged    under    each    policy    of    insurance    or 
other  instrument  by  whatever  name  the  same 
is    called    whereby    insurance    is    made    or   re- 
newed  upon  property   of   any  description    (in- 
cluding rents  or  profits),  whether  against  peril 
by   sea   or  inland  waters,   or  by  fire   or  light- 
ning, or  other  peril: 

(c)  Casualty    insurance:     A    tax    equivalent 
to   1    cent    on   each   dollar    or  fractional   part 
thereof    of   the   premium    charged    under  each 
policy  of  insurance  or  obligation  of  the  nature 
of    indemnity    for    loss,     damage    or    liability 
(except  bonds  and  policies  taxable  under  sub- 
division 2   of  schedule  A  of  Title  XI.)    issued 
or  executed  or  renewed  by  any   person  trans- 
acting-   the    business    of    employers'    liability, 
workmen's      compensation,      accident,      health, 
tornado,    plate    glass,    steam    boiler,    elevator, 
burglary,    automatic   sprinkler,    automobile,    or 
other  branch   of  insurance    (except  life   insur- 
ance   and    insurance    described    and    taxed    in 
the    preceding    subdivision)  :      Provided,    That 
in  case  of  policies  of  insurance  issued  on  the 
industrial  or  weekly  or  monthly  payment  plan 
the  tax  shall  be  40  per  centum  of  the  amount 
of  the  first  weekly  premium  or  20  per  centum 
of  the  amount  of  the  first  monthly  premium, 
as  the  case  may  be; 

(d)  Policies     issued     by     any     corporation 
enumerated    in    section    231    and    policies    of 
reinsurance    shall   be    exempt   from    the    taxes 
imposed  by   this  section. 

Sec.  504.-  That  every  person  issuing-  policies 
of  insurance  upon  the  issuance  of  which  a 
tar  is  imposed  by  section  503  shall  make 
monthly  returns  under  oath,  in  duplicate,  and 
pay  such  tax  to  the  collector  of  the  district 
in  which  the  principal  office  or  place  of  busi- 


ness of  such  person  is  located.  Such  returns 
shall  contain  such  information  and  be  made 
at  such  times  and  in  such  manner  as  the 
commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the  sec- 
retary, may  by  regulation  prescribe. 

The  tax  shall,  without  assessment  by  the 
commissioner  or  notice  from  the  collector,  be 
due  and  payable  to  the  collector  at  the  time 
so  fixed  for  filing  the  return.  If  the  tax 
is  not  paid  when  due,  there  shall  be  added  as 
part  of  the  tax  a  penalty  of  5  per  centum, 
tog-ether  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  1  per 
centum  for  each  full  month,  from  the  time 
when  the  tax  became  due. 

TITLE  VI.— TAX  ON  BEVERAGES. 

Sec.  600.  (a)  That  there  shall  be  levied  and 
collected  on  all  distilled  spirits  now  in  bond 
or  that  have  been  or  that  may  be  hereafter 
produced  in  or  imported  into  the  United 
States,  except  such  distilled  spirits  as  are 
subject  to  the  tax  provided  in  section  604.  in 
lieu  of  the  internal  revenue  taxes  now  imposed 
thereon  by  law,  a  tax  of  $2.20  (or,  if  with- 
drawn for  beverage  purposes  or  for  use  in 
the  manufacture  or  production  of  any  article 
used  or  intended  for  use  as  a  beverage,  a  tax 
of  $6.40)  on  each  proof  gallon,  or  wine  gal- 
lon when  below  proof,  and  a  proportionate 
tax  at  a  like  rate  on  all  fractional  parts  of 
such  proof  or  wine  gallon,  to  be  paid  by  the 
distiller  or  importer  when  withdrawn,  and 
collected  under  the  provisions  of  existing  law. 

(b)  That  the  tax  imposed  by  subdivision 
(a)  on  distilled  spirits  intended  for  beverage 
purposes  shall  not  be  due  or  payable  on  such 
spirits  while  stored  in  any  distillery,  bonded 
warehouse  or  special  or  general  bonded  ware- 
house, and  which,  pursuant  to  any  act  of 
congress  or  proclamation  of  the  president  of 
the  United  States  cannot  be  lawfully  sold 
or  removed  from  any  such  warehouse  dur- 
ing the  period  of  prohibition  fixed  by  such 
act  or  proclamation:  and  all  warehousing 
bonds  or  transportation  and  warehousing 
bonds  conditioned  for  the  payment  of  tax  on 
any  such  spirits  so  stored  on  the  date  such 
prohibition  takes  effect  shall  as  to  all  such 
spirits  actually  so  stored  be  canceled  and 
discharged,  provided  the  distiller  of  such  spir- 
its shall  in  lieu  of  such  bonds  and  prior  to 
their  cancellation  execute  a  bond  in  a  penal 
sum  of  not  less  than  $10.000.  with  sureties 
satisfactory  to  the  collector  of  the  district, 
conditioned  that  the  principal  shall,  during 
the  period  of  such  prohibition,  safely  keep  or 
cause  to  be  kept  in  good  condition  all  such 
spirits  and  the  warehouse  in  which  the  same 
are  stored,  and  shall  not  remove  or  suffer  to 
be  removed  from  warehouse,  contrary  to  law. 
any  such  spirits  during  the  period  of  such 
prohibition;  and  the  bond  herein  prescribed 
shall  be  in  such  further  sum  and  shall  con- 
tain such  further  conditions  as  the  commis- 
sioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary, 
may  by  regulations  require.  The  distiller  may. 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  section,  be 
permitted  to  retain  in  any  such  bonded  ware- 
house distilled  spirits  on  which,  under  the 
terms  of  any  existing  bond,  the  tax  imposed 
thereon  becomes  due  and  payable  prior  to 
the  date  such  prohibition  takes  effect :  Pro- 
vided, That  on  the  removal  of  such  prohibi- 
tion the  distiller  shall,  as  to  all  spirits  as 
to  which  the  bonded  period  fixed  by  law  hae 
not  expired  and  which  remain  stored  in  ware- 
house, execute  new  and  satisfactory  bond  in 
the  form  required  by  existing  law,  condi- 
tioned for  the  payment  of  the  tax  on  all  such 
spirits:  and  all  provisions  of  existing  law 
relating1  to  such  bonded  warehouses,  or  the 
storage  of  spirits  therein,  or  to  the  execution 
of  new  or  additional  bonds,  so  far  as  appli- 
cable, shall  continue  in  force  as  to  all  dis- 
tilled spirits  rebonded  under  the  provisions 
of  this  section. 


60 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Upon  the  withdrawal  of  distilled  spirits 
from  bonded  warehouses,  after  the  period  of 
prohibition  has  ended,  and  under  the  condi- 
tions imposed  by  section  50  of  an  act  en- 
titled "An  act  to  reduce  taxation,  to  provide 
revenue  for  the  support  of  the  government, 
and  for  other  purposes."  approved  Aug.  28, 
1894.  an  allowance  for  loss  by  leakage  or 
other  unavoidable  cause,  not  exceeding-  one 
proof  gallon  as  to  packages  of  a  capacity 
of  not  less  than  40  wine  gallons,  may  be 
made  in  addition  to  that  provided  in  said 
section  50.  as  amended;  and  a  like  additional 
allowance  of  one  proof  gallon  as  to  each 
package  withdrawn  may  be  made  for  each 
period  of  four  months,  or  fraction  thereof, 
for  such  spirits  as  shall  have  remained  in 
warehouse  during  the  period  of  prohibition 
and  after  the  expiration  of  the  maximum 
leakage  period  fixed  by  that  section. 

Under  regulations  prescribed  by  the  secre- 
tary, any  imported  distilled  spirits,  wines  or 
other  liquors  which  may  be  in  any  customs 
bonded  warehouse  under  the  customs  laws  on 
the  date  such  prohibition  takes  effect  shall  be 
permitted  to  remain  therein  without  payment 
of  any  taxes  or  duties  thereon,  beyond  the 
three-year  period  provided  in  section  "!>71  of 
the  revised  statutes,  during  such  period  of 
prohibition,  and  mny  be  exported  at  any  time 
during  such  extended  period.  Any  imported 
spirits,  wines  or  other  liquors  as  to  which 
the  three-year  bonded  period  may  expire  after 
the  passage  of  this  act  and  prior  to  the  date 
such  prohibition  tak:s  effect  may  at  the  op- 
tion of  the  owner  remain  in  bond  during  such 
period  of  prohibition. 

(c)  In  lieu  of  the  internal  revenue  tax  now 
imposed  thereon  by  law  there  shall  be  levied 
and  collected  upon  all  perfumes  hereafter  im- 
ported into  the  United  States  containing  dis- 
tilled spirits  a  tax  of  $1.10  per  wine  gal- 
lon, and  a  proportionate  tax  at  a  like  rate 
on  all  fractional  parts  of  such  wine  gallon. 
Such  tax  shall  be  collected  by  the  collector  of 
customs  and  deposited  as  internal  revenue  col- 
lections under  such  rules  and  regulations  as 
the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  may  prescribe. 

Sec.  601.  That  no  distilled  spirits  produced 
after  Oct  3,  1917.  shall  be  imported  into 
the  United  States  from  any  foreign  country 
or  from  the  Virgin  islands  (unless  produced 
from  products  the  growth  of  such  islands,  and 
not  then  into  any  state  or  territory  or  dis- 
trict of  the  United  States  in  which  the  manu- 
facture or  sale  of  intoxicnting  liquor  is  pro- 
hibited), or  from  Porto  Rico,  or  the  Philip- 
pine islands.  Under  such  rules,  regulations, 
and  bonds  as  the  secretary  may  prescribe  the 
provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to 
distilled  spirits  imported  for  other  than  (1) 
beverage  purposes  or  (2)  use  in  the  manufac- 
ture or  production  of  any  article  used  or  in- 
tended for  use  as  a  beverage. 

Sec.  602.  That  at  registered  d:stilleries  pro- 
ducing alcohol,  or  other  high-proof  spirits, 
packages  may  be  filled  with  such  spirits  re- 
duced to  not  less  than  one  hundred  proof 
from  the  receiving  cisterns  and  tax  paid  with- 
out being  entered  into  bonded  warehouse.  Such 
spirits  may  be  also  transferred  from  the  re- 
ceiving cisterns  at  such  distilleries,  by  means 
of  pipe  lines,  direct  to  storage  tanks  in  the 
in  storage  tanks  in  such  warehouses  or  in 
such  storage  tanks.  Such  spirits  may  be  also 
transferred  in  tanks  or  tank  cars  to  general 
bonded  warehouses  for  storage  therein,  either 
in  storage  tanks  in  such  warehouses  or  in 
the  tanks  in  which  they  were  transferred. 
Such  spirits  may  also  be  transferred  from  re- 
ceiving cisterns  or  warehouse  storage  tanks  to 
barrels,  drums,  tanks,  tank  cars,  or  other 
approved  containers,  and  may  be  transported 
in  such  containers  for  exportation  or  other 
lawful  purposes.  The  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  is  hereby  empow- 


ered to  prescribe  all  necessary  regulations  re- 
lating to  the  drawing  off.  transferring,  gaug^ 
ing,  storing  and  transporting  of  such  sp'rits; 
the  records  to  be  kept  and  returns  to  be  made: 
the  size  and  kind  of  packages  and  tanks  to  be 
used;  the  marking,  branding,  numbering,  and 
stamping  of  such  packages  and  tanks;  the 
kind  of  stamps,  if  any,  to  be  used  and  the 
time  and  manner  of  paying  the  tax;  the  kind 
of  bond  and  the  penal  sum  of  snme.  The  tax 
prescribed  by  law  must  be  paid  before  such 
spirits  are  removed  from  the  distillery  prem- 
ises, or  from  general  bonded  warehouse  in  the 
cnse  of  spirits  transferred  thereto,  except  as 
otherwise  provided  by  law. 

Under  such  regulations  as  the  commis- 
sioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary, 
may  prescribe,  distilled  spirits  may  hereafter 
be  drawn  from  receiving  cisterns  and  de- 
posited in  distillery  warehouses  without  hav- 
ing affixrd  to  the  packages,  containing  the 
snme.  distillery  warehouse  stamps,  and  such 
packages,  when  so  deposited  in  warehouse, 
may  be  withdrawn  therefrom  on  the  priginal 
gauge  where  the  same  have  remained  in  such 
warehouse  for  a  period  not  exceeding  thirty 
days  from  the  date  of  doposit. 

Under  such  regulations  as  the  commis- 
sioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary, 
may  prescribe,  the  manufacture,  warehousing, 
withdrawal,  and  shipment,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  existing  law,  of  ethyi  alcohol  for 
other  than  (1)  beverage  purnoses  or  (2) 
use  in  the  manufacture  or  production  of  any 
article  used  or  intended  for  use  as  a  beverage, 
and  denatured  alcohol,  may  be  exempted  from 
the  provisions  of  section  3283  of  the  revised 
statutes. 

The  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  may  by  rcgulntions  exempt  dis- 
tillers of  ethyl  alcohol,  for  use  in  the  pro- 
duction of  munitions  of  war,  or  for  Bother 
nonbeverage  purposes,  from  so  much  of  the 
provisions  of  sections  3264,  3285,  or  3309 
of  the  revised  statutes,  and  acts  amendatory 
thereof,  respecting  the  survey  of  distilleries, 
the  period  of  fermentation,  the  filling  and 
emptying  of  fermenting  tubs,  and  assessments, 
as,  in  his  judgment,  may  be  expedient:  Pro- 
vided, That  the  bond  prescribed  in  section 
3260  of  the  revised  statutes  shall,  in  the 
cases  herein  provided,  be  in  such  sum  and 
contain  such  further  conditions  as  the  com- 
missioner may  require. 

Sec.  603.  That  under  such  regulations  as 
the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  may  prescribe,  ethyl  alcohol  of  not 
less  than  180  degrees  proof,  produced  at  any 
central  distilling  and  denaturing  plant  estab- 
lished under  the  provisions  of  subsection  2. 
paragraph  N,  of  section  IV.  of  the  act  en- 
titled "An  act  to  reduce  tariff  duties  and  to 
provide  revenue  lor  the  government,  and  for 
other  purposes,"  approved  Oct.  3,  1913,  may 
be  rempved  from  such  plant  to  any  central 
denaturing  bonded  warehouse  for  denatura- 
tion.  or  may,  before  or  after  denaturation  be 
removed  from  such  plant  or  from  such  de- 
naturing bonded  warehouse,  free  of  tax,  for 
use  of  the  United  States  or  for  shipment  to 
any  nation  while  engaged  against  the  Ger- 
man government  in  the  present  war,  and  the 
removal  herein  authorized  may  be  made  in 
such  tank  vessel,  tank  cars,  drums,  casks, 
or  other  containers  as  may  be  apnroved  by 
the  commissioner.  It  shall  be  lawful,  under 
regulations  prescribed  by  the  commissioner, 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary,  for  an 
allowance  to  be  made  for  leakage  or  loss  by 
unavoidable  accident  and  without  fault  or 
negligence  of  the  distiller,  owner,  carrier,  or 
bis  agents  or  employes,  which  may  occur 
during  the  transportation  of  such  spirits  or 
while  the  same  are  lawfully  stored  on  either 
of  the  premises  herein  described. 

Sec.  604.  That  upon  all  distilled  spirits  pro- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


61 


duced  in  or  imported  into  the  United  States 
upon  which  the  internal  revenue  tax  now 
imposed  by  law  has  been  paid,  and  which,  on 
the  day  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  are 
held  by  any  person  and  intended  for  sale  or 
for  use  in  the  manufacture  or  production  of 
any  article  intended  for  sale,  there  shall  be 
levied,  assessed,  collected,  and  paid  a  floor  tax 
of  $3.20  (if  intended  for  sale  for  beverage 
purposes  or  for  use  in  the  manufacture  or 
production  of  any  article  used  or  intended  for 
use  as  a  beverage)  on  each  proof  gallon,  and 
a  proportionate  tax  at  a  like  rate  on  all 
fractional  parts  of  such  proof  gallon. 

Sec.  605.  That  in  addition  to  the  tax  im- 
posed by  this  act  on  distilled  spirits  and 
wines,  there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  col- 
lected, and  paid,  in  lieu  of  the  tax  imposed 
by  section  304  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917,  a 
tax  of  30  cents  on  each  proof  gallon  and  a 
proportionate  tax  at  a  like  rate  on  all  frac- 
tional parts  of  such  proof  gallon  on  all  dis- 
tilled spirits  or  wines  hereafter  rectified, 
purified,  or  refined  in  such  manner,  and  on 
all  mixtures  hereafter  produced  in  such  man- 
ner, that  the  person  so  rectifying-,  purify- 
ing, refining,  or  mixing  the  same  is  a  rectifier 
within  the  meaning  of  section  3244  of  the 
revised  statutes,  as  amended:  Provided,  That 
this  tax  shall  not  apply  to  gin  produced  by 
the  redistillation  of  a  pure  spirit  over 
juniper  berries  and  other  aromatics. 

Upon  all  such  articles  heretofore  produced, 
and  which  on  the  day  after  the  passage  of 
this  act  are  held  by  any  person  and  intended 
for  sale,  there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  col- 
lected, and  paid  a  floor  tax  of  15  cents  on 
each  proof  gallon,  and  a  proportionate  tax  at 
a  like  rate  on  all  fractional  parts  of  each 
proof  galloni;  and  all  such  distilled  spirits  so 
held  and  not  contained  in  the  distillers' 
original  stamped  packages,  or  in  bottles  or 
other  containers  bearing  the  distillers'  original 
labels,  shall  for  the  purpose  of  this  section 
be  regarded  as  rectified  spirits. 

When  the  process  of  rectification  is  com- 
pleted and  the  taxes  prescribed  by  this  sec- 
tion have  been  paid,  it  shall  be  unlawful  for 
the  rectifier  or  other  dealer  to  reduce  in  proof 
or  increase  in  volume  such  spirits  or  wine  by 
the  addition  of  water  or  other  substance; 
nothing  herein  contained  shall,  however,  pre- 
vent a  rectifier  from  using-  agrnin  in  the 
process  of  rectification  spirits  already  rectified 
and  upon  which  the  taxes  have  theretofore 
been  paid. 

The  taxes  imposed  by  this  section  shall  not 
attach  to  cordials  or  liqueurs  on  which  a  tax 
is  imposed  and  paid  under  section  611  or 
613,  nor  to  the  mixing  and  blending  of 
wines,  where  such  blending  is  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  perfecting  such  wines  according 
to  commercial  standards,  nor  to  blends  made 
exclusively  of  two  or  more  pure  straight 
whiskies  aged  in  wood  for  a  period  not  less 
than  four  years  and  without  the  addition  of 
coloring  or  flavoring  matter  or  any  other  sub- 
stance than  pure  water  and  if  not  reduced 
below  ninety  proof:  Provided,  That  such 
blended  whiskies  shall  be  exempt  from  tax 
under  this  section  only  when  compounded 
under  the  immediate  supervision  of  a  revenue 
officer,  in  such  tanks  and  under  such  con- 
ditions and  supervision  as  the  commissioner, 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary,  may 
prescribe. 

All  distilled  spirits  or  wines  taxable  tinder 
this  section  shall  be  subject  to  uniform 
regulations  concerning  the  use  thereof  in  the 
manufacture,  blending,  compounding,  mixing 
marking,  branding,  and  sale  of  whisky  and 
rectified  spirits,  and  no  discrimination  what- 
soever shall  be  made  by  reason  of  a  difference 
in  the  character  of  the  material  from  which 
same  may  have  been  produced. 


The  business  of  a  rectifier  of  spirits  shall 
be  carried  on,  and  the  tax  on  rectified  spirits 
shall  be  paid,  under  such  rules,  regulations, 
and  bonds  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  commis- 
sioner, with  the  approval  oi  the  secretary. 

Whoever  violates  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  section  shall  be  deemed  to  be  g-uilty  of  a 
misdemeanor  and.  upon  conviction,  shall  be 
fined  not  more  than  51,000  or  imprisoned  not 
more  than  two  years,  and  shall,  in  addition, 
be  liable  to  double  the .  tax  evaded,  tog-ether 
with  the  tax,  to  be  collected  ty  assessment  or 
on  any  bond  given. 

Sec.  606.  That  hereafter  collectors  shall  not 
furnish  wholesale  liquor  dealers'  stamps  in 
lieu  of  and  in  exchange  for  stamps  for  recti- 
fied spirits  unless  the  package  covered  by 
stamp  for  rectified  spirits  is  to  be  broken  into 
smaller  packages. 

The  commissioner.  w:th  the  approval  of 
the  secretary,  is  authorized  to  discontinue  the 
use  of  the  following  stamps  whenever  in  his 
judgment  the  interests  of  the  government  will 
be  subserved  thereby : 

Distillery  warehouse,  special  bonded  ware- 
house, special  bonded  rewarehouse,  general 
bonded  warehouse,  general  bonded  retransfer. 
transfer  brandy,  export  tobacco,  export  cigars, 
export  oleomargarine,  and-  export  fermented- 
liquor  stamps. 

Sec.  607.  That  the  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  require  at  distilleries,  breweries,  rec- 
tifying houses,  and  wherever  else  in  his  judg- 
ment such  action  may  be  deemed  advisable, 
the  installation  of  meters,  tanks,  pipes,  or 
any  other  apparatus  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
t^cting  the  revenue,  and  such  meters,  tanks. 
and  pipes  and  all  necessary  labor  incident 
thereto  shall  be  at  the  expense  of  the  person 
on  whose  premises  the  installation  is  re- 
quired. Any  such  person  refusing  or  neglect- 
ing to  install  such  apparatus  when  so  re- 
auired  by  the  commissioner  shall  not  be  per- 
mitted to  conduct  business  on  such  premises. 

Sec.  608.  That  there  shall  be  levied  and 
collected  on  all  beer,  lager  beer,  ale,  porter 
and  other  similar  fermented  liquor,  containing 
one-half  of  1  per  centum  or  more  of  alco- 
hol, brewed  or  manufactured  and  hereafter 
sold,  or  removed  for  consumption  or  sale, 
within  the  United  States,  by  whatever  name 
such  liquors  may  be  called,  in  lieu  of  the 
internal  revenue  tax»s  now  imposed  thereon 
by  law.  a  tax  of  $6  for  every  barrel  con- 
taining not  more  than  thirty-one  gallons,  and 
at  a  like  rate  for  any  other  quantity  or  for 
the  fractional  parts  of  a  barrel  authorized 
and  defined  by  law,  to  be  collected  under  the 
provisions  of  existing  law. 

Sec.  609.  That  from  and  after  the  passaere 
of  this  act  taxable  fermented  liquors  may  be 
conveyed  without  payment  of  tax  from  the 
brewery  premises  where  produced  to  a  con- 
tiguous industrial  distillery  of  either  class 
established  under  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
reduce  tariff  duties  and  to  provide  revenue  for 
the  government,  and  for  other  purposes."  ap- 
proved Oct.  3,  1913,  to  be  used  as  d: stilling 
material,  and  the  residue  from  such  distilla- 
tion, containing-  less  than  one-half  of  1  per 
crntum  of  alcohol  by  volume,  which  is  to  be 
used  in  making-  beverages,  may  be  manipulated 
l-y  cooling,  flavoring,  carbonating,  settling-  and 
filtering  on  the  distillery  premises  or  else- 
where. 

The  removal  of  the  taxable  fermented  liquor 
from  the  brewery  to  the  distillery  and  the 
operation  of  the  distillery  and  removal  of  the 
residue  therefrom  shall  be  under  the  super- 
vision of  such  officer  or  officers  as  the  com- 
missioner shall  deem  proper,  and  the  commis- 
sioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary,  is 
hereby  authorized  to  make  such  regulations 
from  time  to  time  as  may  be  necessary  to 
give  force  and  effect  to  this  section  and  to 
safeguard  the  revenue. 


62 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Sec  610.  That  natural  wine  within  the 
meaning:  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed  to  be  the 
product  made  from  the  normal  alcoholic  fer- 
mentation of  the  juice  of  sound,  ripe  grapes, 
without  addition  or  abstraction  except  such 
as  may  occur  in  the  usual  cellar  treatment 
of  clarifying-  and  aging-:  Provided,  however. 
That  the  product  made  from  the  juice  of 
sound,  ripe  grapes  by  complete  fermentation 
of  the  must  under  proper  cellar  treatment  and 
corrected  by  the  addition  (under  the  super- 
vision of  a  g-aug-er  or  storekeeper-gauffer  in 
the  capacity  of  g-auger)  of  a  solution  of  water 
and  pure  cane,  beet  or  dextrose  sugar  (con- 
taining-, respectively,  not  less  than  95  per  cen- 
tum of  actual  sugar,  calculated  on  a  dry 
basis)  to  the  must  9r  to  the  wine,  to  cor- 
rect natural  deficiencies,  when  such  addition 
shall  not  increase  the  volume  of  the  resultant 
product  more  than  35  per  centum,  and  the 
resultant  product  does  not  contain  less  than 
five  parts  per  thousand  of  acid  before  fer- 
mentation and  not  more  than  13  per  centum 
of  alcohol  after  complete  fermentation,  shall 
he  deemed  to  be  wine  within  the  meaning-  of 
this  act.  and  may  be  labeled,  transported  and 
sold  as  "wine,"  Qualified  by  the  name  of  the 
locality  where  produced,  and  may  be  further 
qualified  by  the  name  of  its  own  particular 
type  or  variety:  And  provided  further.  That 
wine  as  defined  in  this  section  may  be  sweet- 
ened with  cane  sugar  or  beet  sugar  or  pure 
condensed  grape  must  and  fortified  under  the 
provisions  of  this  act.  and  wines  so  sweet- 
ened or  fortified  shall  be  considered  sweet 
wine  within  the  meaning1  of  this  act. 

Sec.  611.  That  upon  all  still  wines,  includ- 
ing- vermuth,  and  all  artificial  or  imitation 
wines  or  compounds  sold  as  still  wine,  which 
are  hereafter  produced  in  or  imported  into 
the  United  States,  or  which  on  the  day  after 
the  passage  of  this  act  are  on  any  winery 
premises  or  other  bonded  premises  or  in 
transit  thereto  or  at  any  custom  house,  there 
shall  be  levied,  collected,  and  paid,  in  lieu 
of  the  internal  revenue  taxes  now  imposed 
thereon  by  law.  taxes  at  rates  as  follows, 
when  sold,  or  removed  for  consumption  or 
sale: 

On  wines  containing-  not  more  than  14  per 
centum  of  absolute  alcohol,  16  cents  per  wine 
g-allon,  the  per  centum  of  alcohol  taxable  un- 
der this  section  to  be  reckoned  by  volume  and 
not  by  weight : 

On  wines  containing-  more  than  14  per  cen- 
tum and  not  exceeding-  21  per  centum  of  ab- 
solute alcohol.  40  cents  per  wine  g-allon: 

On  wines  containing-  more  than  21  per  cen- 
tum and  not  exceeding  24  per  centum  of  ab- 
solute alcohol.  $1  per  wine  g-allon; 

All  such  wines  containing-  more  than  24  per 
centum  of  absolute  alcohol  by  volume  shall 
be  classed  as  distilled  spirits  and  shall  pay 
tax  accordingly. 

Sec.  612.  That  under  such  regulations  and 
official  supervision  and  upon  the  giving-  of 
such  notices,  entries,  bonds  and  other  secur- 
ity as  the  commissioner,  with  the  approval 
of  the  secretary,  may  prescribe,  any  producer 
of  wines  defined  under  the  provisions  of 
this  title  may  withdraw  from  any  fruit  dis- 
tillery or  special  bonded  warehouse  g-mpe 
brandy,  or  wine  spirits,  for  the  fortification 
of  such  wines  on  the  premises  whero  actually 
made:  Provided.  That  there  shall  be  levied 
and  assessed  ag-ainst  the  producer  of  such 
wines  a  tax  (in  lieu  of  the  internal  revenue 
tax  now  imposed  thereon  by  law)  of  60  cents 
per  proof  gallon  of  grape  brandy  or  wine  spir- 
its whenever  withdrnwn  and  hereafter  PO  used 
by  him  in  the  fortification  of  such  wines  dur- 
ing- the  preceding-  month,  which  a ssossment 
shall  be  paid  by  him  within  t^n  months  from 
the  date  of  notice  thereof:  Provided  further. 
That  nothing  contained  in  this  section  shall 
be  construed  as  exempting  any  wines,  cordials. 


liqueurs  or  similar  compounds  from  the  pay- 
ment of  any  tax  provided  for  in  this  title. 

Sec.  613.  That  upon  the  following  articles 
which  are  hereafter  produced  in  or  imported 
into  the  United  States,  or  which  on  the  day 
after  the  passage  of  this  act  are  on  any 
winery  premises  or  other  bonded  premises 
or  in  transit  thereto  or  at  any  custom  house, 
there  shall  be  levied,  collected  and  paid  taxea 
at  rates  as  follows,  when  sold,  or  removed 
for  consumption  or  sale: 

On  each  bottle  or  other  container  of  cham- 
pagne or  sparkling  wine.  12  cents  on  each 
one-half  pint  or  fraction  thereof: 

On  each  bottle  or  other  container  of  arti- 
ficially carbonated  wine,  6  cents  on  each  one- 
half  pint  or  fraction  thereof: 

On  each  bottle  or  other  container  of 
liqueurs,  cordials  or  similar  compounds,  by 
whatever  name  sold  or  offered  for  sale,  con- 
taining- sweet  wine  fortified  with  grape  brandy, 
6  cents  on  each  one-half  pint  or  fraction 
thereof: 

The  tax  imposed  by  this  section  shall,  in 
the  case  of  any  article  upon  which  a  corre- 
sponding internal  revenue  tax  is  now  imposed 
by  law.  be  in  lieu  of  such  tax. 

Sec.  614.  That  upon  all  articles  specified  in 
section  611  or  613  upon  which  the  internal 
revenue  tax  now  imposed  by  law  has  been 
paid  and  which  are  on  the  day  after  the  pas- 
sage of  this  act  held  by  any  person  and  in- 
tended for  sale,  there  shall  be  levied,  collected 
and  Paid  a  floor  tax  equal  to  the  difference 
between  the  tax  imposed  by  this  act  and 
the  tax  so  paid. 

Sec.  615.  That  upon  all  sweet  wines  held 
for  sale  by  the  producer  thereof  upon  the 
day  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  there  shall 
be  levied,  assessed,  collected  and  paid  a  floor 
tax  equivalent  to  30  cents  per  proof  gallon 
upon  the  grape  brandy  or  wine  spirits  used  in 
the  fortification  of  such  wine. 

Sec.  616.  That  the  taxes  imposed  by  section 
611  or  613  shall  be  paid  by  stamp  on  re- 
moval of  the  wines  from  the  custom  house, 
winery  or  other  bonded  place  of  storage  for 
consumption  or  sale,  and  every  person  here- 
after producing,  or  having  in  his  possession 
or  under  his  control  when  this  title  takes  ef- 
fect, any  wines  subject  to  the  tax  imposed 
in  section  611  or  613  shall  file  such  notice, 
describing  the  premises  on  which  such  wines 
are  produced  or  stored;  shall  execute  a  bond 
in  such  form:  shall  make  such  inventories  un- 
der oath;  and  shall,  prior  to  sale  or  removal 
for  C9nsumption.  affix  to  each  cask  or  vessel 
containing  such  wine  such  marks,  labels  or 
stamps  as  the  commissioner,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  secretary,  may  from  time  to 
time  prescribe:  and  the  premises  described  in 
su-jh  notice  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  this  act, 
be  regarded  as  bonded  premises.  But  the 
provisions  of  this  section,  except  as  to  pay- 
ment of  tax  and  the  affixing  of  the  required 
stamps  or  labels,  shall  not  apply  to  wines 
hrld  by  retail  dealers,  as  defined  in  section 
3244  of  the  revised  statutes,  nor,  subject  to 
regulations  prescribed  by  the  commissioner, 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary,  shall  the 
tax  imposed  by  section  611  apply  to  wines 
produced  for  the  family  use  of  the  duly  reg- 
istered producer  thereof  and  not  sold  or  other- 
wise removed  from  the  place  of  manufacture 
and  not  exceeding  in  any  case  200  gallons 
per  year. 

Sec.  617.  That  sections  42.  43  and  45  of  the 
act  entitled  "An  act  to  reduce  the  revenue 
and  equalize  duties  on  imports,  and  for  other 
purposes."  approved  Oct.  1.  1890,  as  amend- 
ed by  section  68  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act 
to  reduce  taxation,  to  provide  revenue  for  the 
government,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
Aug.  27.  1894,  are  further  amended  to  read 
as  follows: 

'Sec.   42.  That   any   producer  of  pure  sweet 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


wines  may  use  in  the  preparation  of  such 
sweet  wines,  under  such  regulations  and  after 
the  filing1  of  srich  notices  and  bonds,  together 
with  the  keeping  of  such  records  and  the 
rendition  of  such  reports  as  to  materials  and 
products  as  the  commissioner  of  internal  rev- 
enue, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary  of 
the  treasury,  may  prescribe,  wine  spirits  pro- 
duced by  any  duly  authorized  distiller,  and 
the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue,  in  de- 
termining the  liability  of  any  distiller  of  wine 
spirits  to  assessment  under  section  3309  of 
the  revised  statutes,  is  authorized  to  allow 
such"*  distiller  credit  in  his  computations  for 
the  wine  spirits  withdrawn  to  be  used  in  for- 
tifying sweet  wines  under  this  act. 

"Sec.  43.  That  the  wine  spirits  mentioned 
in  section  42  is  the  product  resulting  from 
the  distillation  of  fermented  grape  juice,  to 
which  water  may  have  been  added  prior  to, 
during  or  after  fermentation,  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  facilitating  the  fermentation  and 
economical  distillation  thereof,  and  shall  be 
held  to  include  the  product  from  grapes  or 
their  residues  commonly  known  as  grape 
brandy,  and  shall  include  commercial  grape 
brandy  which  may  have  been  colored  with 
burnt  sugar  or  caramel:  and  the  pure  sweet 
wine  which  may  be  fortified  with  wine  spir- 
its under  the  provisions  of  this  act  is  fer- 
mented or  partially  fermented  grape  juice  only, 
with  the  usual  cellar  treatment,  and  shall  con- 
tain no  other  substance  whatever  introduced 
before,  at  the  time  of  or  after  fermentation, 
except  as  herein  expressly  provided :  Provided. 
That  the  addition  of  pure  boiled  or  condensed 
grape  must  or  pure  crystallized  cane  or  beet 
sugar,  or  pure  dextrose  sugar  containing,  re- 
spectively, not  less  than  95  per  centum  of 
actual  sugar,  calculated  on  a  dry  basis,  or 
water,  or  any  or  all  of  them,  to  the  pure 
grape  juice  before  fermentation,  or  to  the 
fermented  product  of  such  grape  juice,  or 
to  both,  prior  to  the  fortification  herein  pro- 
vided for.  either  for  the  purpose  of  perfect- 
ing sweet  wines  according  to  commercial 
standards  or  for  mechanical  purposes,  shall 
not  be  excluded  by  the  definition  of  pure  sweet 
wine  aforesaid:  Provided,  however,  That  the 
cane  or  beet  sugar  or  pure  dextrose  sugar 
added  for  sweetening  purposes  shall  not  be  in 
excess  of  11  per  centum  of  the  weight  of  the 
wine  to  be  fortified:  And  provided  further. 
That  the  addition  of  water  herein  authorized 
shall  be  under  such  regulations  as  the  com- 
missioner of  internal  revenue  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  may 
from  time  to  time  prescribe:  Provided,  how- 
ever. That  records  kept  in  accordance  with 
such  regulations  as  to  the  percentage  of  sac- 
charine, acid,  alcoholic  and  added  water  con- 
tent of  the  wine  offered  for  fortification  shall 
be  open  to  inspection  by  any  official  of  the 
department  of  agriculture  thereto  duly  au- 
thorized by  the  secretary  of  agriculture:  but 
in  no  case  shall  such  wines  to  which  water 
has  been  added  be  eligible  for  fortification 
under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  where  the 
same,  after  fermentation  and  before  fortifica- 
tion, have  an  alcoholic  strength  of  less  than  5 
per  centum  of  their  volume. 

"Sec.  45.  That  under  such  regulations  and 
official  supervision,  and  upon  the  execution  of 
such  entries  and  the  giving  of  such  bonds, 
bills  of  lading,  and  other  security  as  the 
commissioner  of  internal  revenue,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  shall 
prescribe,  any  producer  of  pure  sweet  wines 
as  defined  by  this  act  may  withdraw  wine 
spirits  from  any  special  bonded  warehouse  in 
original  packag-es  or  from  any  registered  dis- 
tillery in  any  quantity  not  less  than  eighty 
wine  gallons,  and  m.iy  use  so  much  of  the 
same  as  may  be  required  by  him  under  such 
regulations,  and  alter  the  filing  of  such  no- 
tices and  bonds  and  the  keeping  of  such  rec- 


ords and  the  rendition  of  such  reports  as  to 
materials  and  products  and  the  disposition  of 
the  same  as  the  commissioner  of  internal  rev- 
enue, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary  of 
the  treasury,  shall  prescribe,  in  fortifying 
the  pure  sweet  wines  made  by  him.  and  for 
no  other  purpose,  in  accordance  with  the 
foregoing  limitations  and  provisions:  and  the 
commissioner  of  internal  revenue,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  is 
authorized  whenever  he  shall  deem  it  to  be 
necessary  for  the  prevention  of  violations  of 
this  law  to  prescribe  that  wine  spirits  with- 
drawn under  this  section,  shall  not  be  used  to 
fortify  wines  except  at  a  certain  distance 
prescribed  by  him  from  any  distillery,  rectify- 
ing house,  winery  or  other  establishment 
used  for  producing  or  storing  distilled  spir- 
its, or  for  making-  or  storing  wines  other 
than  wines  which  are  so  fortified,  and  that  in 
the  building  in  which  such  fortification  of 
wines  is  practiced  no  wines  or  spirits  other 
than  those  permitted  by  this  regulation  shall 
be  stored  in  any  room  or  part  of  the  building 
in  which  fortification  of  wines  is  practiced. 
The  use  of  wine  spirits  for  the  fortification 
of  sweet  wines  under  this  act  shall  be  under 
the  immediate  supervision  of  an  officer  of  in- 
ternal revenue,  who  shall  make  returns  de- 
scribing the  kinds  and  quantities  of  wine  so 
fortified,  and  shall  affix  such  stamps  and  seals 
to  the  packages  containing  such  wines  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  internal 
revenue,  with  the  approval  of  the  secretary  of 
the  treasury:  and  the  commissioner  of  internal 
revenue,  with  the  approval  of  the  secretary 
of  the  treasury,  shall  provide  by  regulations 
the  time  within  which  wines  so  fortified  with 
the  wine  spirits  so  withdrawn  may  be  subject 
to  inspection,  and  for  final  accounting:  for  the 
use  of  such  wine  spirits  and  for  rewarehous- 
ing  or  for  payments  of  the  tax  on  any  por- 
tion pf  such  wine  spirits  which  remain  not 
used  in  fortifying"  pure  sweet  wines." 

Sec.  618.  (a)  That  under  such  regulations 
and  upon  the  execution  of  such  notices,  en- 
tries, bonds  and  other  security  as  the  com- 
missioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary, 
may  prescribe,  domestic  wines  subject  to  the 
tax  imposed  by  section  611  may  be  removed 
from  the  winery  where  produced,  free  of  tax. 
for  storage  on  other  bonded  premises  or  from 
such  premises  to  other  bonded  premises  (but 
not  more  than  one  such  additional  removal 
shall  be  allowed),  or  for  exportation  from 
the  United  States  or  for  use  as  distilling  ma- 
terial at  any  regularly  registered  distillery: 
Provided,  however.  That  the  distiller  using 
any  such  wine  as  material  shall,  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  section  3309  of  the  re- 
vised statutes,  as  amended,  be  held  to  pay 
the  tax  on  the  product  of  such  wines  as  will 
include  both  the  alcoholic  strength  therein 
produced  by  fermentation  and  that  obtained 
from  the  brandy  or  wine  spirits  added  to  such 
wines  at  the  time  of  fortification, 

(b)  Under  regulations  prescribed  by  the 
commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the  sec- 
retary, it  shall  be  lawful  to  produce  grape 
wines  on  bonded  winery  premises  by  the  usual 
method,  and  to  transport  and  use  the  same, 
and  like  wines  heretofore  produced  and  now 
stored  on  bonded  winery  premises,  as  distilling1 
material  for  the  production  of  nonbeverage 
spirits  in  the  production  of  nonalcoholic 
wines,  containing  less  than  %  of  1  per  cen- 
tum of  alcohol  by  volume,  in  any  fruit 
brandy  or  industrial  distillery:  Provided,  That 
all  alcoholic  spirits  so  obtained  at  any  in- 
dustrial distillery  shall  be  denatured,  and  all 
spirits  so  obtained  at  any  fruit  distillery  ehall 
be  removed  and  used  only  for  nonbeverage 
purposes  or  for  denaturation. 

Sec.  619.  That  the  collection  of  the  tax  on 
imported  still  wines,  including  vermuth,  and 
sparkling  wines,  including  champagne,  and  on 


64 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


imported  liqueurs,  cordials  and  similar  com- 
pounds, may  be  made  within  the  discretion  of 
the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  by  assessment  instead  of  stamps. 
Sec.  620.  That  whoever  evades  or  attempts 
to  evade  any  tax  imposed  by  sec^ns  611  to 
615.  both  inclusive,  or  any  requirement  of 
sections  610  to  621,  both  inclusive,  or  reg- 
ulation issued  pursuant  thereto,  or  whoever, 
otherwise  than  as  provided  in  such  sections, 
recovers  or  attempts  to  recover  any  spirits 
from  domestic  or  imported  wine,  or  whoever 
rectifies,  mixes  or  compounds  with  distilled 
spirits  any  domestic  wines,  other  than  _  in 
the  manufacture  of  liqueurs,  cordials  or  sim- 
ilar compounds,  shall,  on  conviction,  be  pun- 
ished for  each  such  offense  by  a  fine  of  not 
exceeding-  $5,000,  or  imprisonment  for  not 
more  than  five  years,  or  both,  and  in  addition 
thereto  by  a  penalty  of  double  the  tax 
evaded,  or  attempted  to  be  evaded,  to  be  as- 
sessed and  collected  in  the  same  manner  as 
taxes  are  assessed  and  collected,  and  all  wine*, 
spirits,  liqueurs,  cordials  or  similar  com- 
pounds as  to  which  such  violation  occurs 
shall  be  forfeited  to  the  United  States.  But 
the  provisions  of  this  section  and  the  pro- 
visions of  section  3244  of  the  revised  statutes, 
as  amended,  relating  to  rectification,  or  other 
internal  revenue  laws  of  the  United  States, 
shall  not  be  held  to  apply  to  or  prohibit  the 
mixing1  or  blending1  of  wines  subject  to  tax 
under  the  provisions  of  sections  611  to  615, 
both  inclusive,  with  each  other  or  with  other 
.wines  for  the  sole  purpose  of  perfecting1  such 
wines  according-  to  commercial  standards: 
Provided,  That  nothing-  herein  contained  shall 
be  construed  as  prohibiting-  the  use  of  tax- 
paid  grain  or  other  ethyl  alcohol  in  the  for- 
tification of  sweet  wines  as  defined  in  section 
610  of  this  act  and  section  43  of  the  act  en- 
titled "An  act  to  reduce  the  revenue  and 
equalize  duties  on  imports,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses." approved  Oct.  1,  1890,  as  amended 
by  this  act. 

Sec.  621.  That  the  commissioner,  by  reg- 
ulations to  be  approved  by  the  secretary,  may 
require  the  use  at  each  fruit  distillery  of 
such  spirit  meters,  and  such  locks  and  seals 
to  be  affixed  to  fermenters,  tanks  or  other 
vessels  and  to  such  pipe  connections  as  may  in 
his  judgment  be  necessary  or  expedient,  and 
is  hereby  authorized  to  assign  to  any  such 
distillery  and  to  each  winery  where  wines  are 
to  be  fortified  such  numbers  of  gaugers  or 
storekeeper-g-aug-ers  in  the  capacity  of  gaug-ers. 
as  may  be  necessary  for  the  proper  super- 
vision of  the  manufacture  of  brandy  or  the 
making1  or  fortifying-  of  wines  subject  to  tax 
imposed  by  this  section:  and  the  compensa- 
tion of  such  officers  shall  not  exceed  $5  per 
diem  while  so  assigned,  together  with  their 
actual  and  necessary  traveling  expenses,  and 
also  a  reasonable  allowance  for  their  board 
bills,  to  be  fixed  by  the  commissioner,  with 
the  approval  of  the  secretary,  but  not  to 
exceed  $2.50  per  diem  for  such  board  bills. 

Sec.  622.  That  the  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  make  such  allowances  for  unavoidable 
loss  of  wines  while  in  storage  or  during-  cel- 
lar treatment  as  in  his  judgment  may  be 
just  and  proper. 

Sec.  623.  That  the  second  paragraph  of 
section  3264  of  the  revised  statutes,  as 
amended  by  section  5  of  the  act  of  March  1, 
1879.  and  as  further  amended  by  the  act 
of  June  22,  1910,  be  amended  so  as  to  read 
as  follows: 

"In  all  surveys  forty-five  gallons  of  mash 
or  beer  brewed  or  fermented  from  grain  shall 
represent  not  less  than  one  bushel  of  grain, 
and  seven  gallons  of  mash  or  beer  brewed  or 
fermented  from  molasses  shall  represent  not 
less  than  one  gallon  of  molasses,  except  in 
distilleries  operated  on  the  sour-mash  prin- 


ciple, in  which  distilleries  sixty  gallons  of 
beer  brewed  or  fermented  from  grain  shall  rep- 
resent not  less  than  one  bushel  of  grain,  and 
except  that  in  distilleries  where  the  filtra- 
tion-aeration process  is  used,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  commissioner  of  internal  rev- 
enue; that  is.  where  the  mash  after  it  leaves 
the  mash  tub  is  passed  through  a  filtering  ma- 
chine before  it  is  run  into  the  fermenting 
tub,  and  only  the  filtered  liquor  passes  into 
the  fermenting  tub,  there  shall  hereafter  be 
no  limitation  upon  the  number  of  gallons  of 
water  which  may  be  used  in  the  process  of 
mashing  or  filtration  for  fermentation;  but 
the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue,  with 
the  approval  of  the  secretary  of  the  treas- 
ury, in  order  to  protect  the  revenue,  shall  be 
authorized  to  prescribe  by  regulation,  to  be 
made  by  him.  such  character  of  survey  as 
he  may  find  suitable  for  distilleries  using  such 
filtration-aeration  process.  The  provisions 
hereof  relating  to  filtration-aeration  process 
shall  apply  only  to  sweet-mash  distilleries." 

Sec.  624.  That  under  such  regulations  as 
the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  may  prescribe,  alcohol  or  other 
distilled  spirits  of  a  proof  strength  of  not  less 
than  180  degrees  intended  for  export  free 
of  tax  may  be  drawn  from  receiving  cisterns 
at  any  distillery,  or  from  storage  tanks  in  any 
distillery  warehouse,  for  transfer  to  tanks  or 
tank  cars  for  export  from  the  United  States, 
and  all  provisions  of  existing  law  relating  to 
the  exportation  of  distilled  spirits  not  incon- 
sistent herewith  shall  apply  to  spirits  removed 
for  export  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  625.  That  section  3255  of  the  revised 
statutes  as  amended  by  the  act  of  June  3 
1896,  and  as  further  amended  by  the  act  of 
March  2,  1911,  be  further  amended  so  as  to 
read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  3255.  The  commissioner  of  internal 
revenue,  with  the  approval  of  the  secretary 
of  the  treasury,  may  exempt  distillers  of 
brandy  made  exclusively  from  apples,  peaches, 
grapes,  pears,  pineapples,  oranges,  apricots, 
berries,  plums,  pawpaws,  persimmons,  prunes, 
figs  or  cherries  from  any  provision  of  this 
title  relating  to  the  manufacture  of  spirits, 
except  as  to  the  tax  thereon,  when  in  his  judg- 
ment it  may  seem  expedient  to  do  so:  Pro- 
vided, That  where,  in  the  manufacture  of 
wine,  artificial  sweetening1  has  been  used  the 
wine  or  the  fruit  pomace  residuum  may  be 
used  in  the  distillation,  of  brandy,  and  such 
use  shall  not  prevent  the  commissioner  ol 
internal  revenue,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  from  exempting- 
such  distiller  from  any  provision  of  this  title 
relating1  to  the  manufacture  of  spirits,  except 
as  to  the  tax  thereon,  when  in  his  judg-ment 
it  may  seem  expedient  to  do  so:  And  pro- 
vided further.  That  the  distillers  mentioned 
in  this  section  may  add  to  not  less  than  five 
hundred  gallons  (or  ten  barrels)  of  grape 
cheese  not  more  than  five  hundred  gallons  of 
a  sugar  solution  made  from  cane,  beet,  starch, 
or  corn  sugar,  95  per  centum  pure,  such  solu- 
tion to  have  a  saccharine  strength  of  not  to 
exceed  10  per  centum,  and  may  ferment  the 
resultant  mixture  on  a  winery  or  distillery 
premises,  and  such  fermented  product  shall 
be  regarded  as  distilling  material." 

Sec.  626.  That  distilled  spirits  known  com- 
mercially as  gin  of  not  less  than  80  per 
centum  proof  may  at  any  time  within  eight 
years  after  entry  in  bond  at  any  distillery  be 
bottled  in  bond  at  such  distillery  for  ex- 
port without  the  payment  of  tax.  under  such 
rules  and  regulations  as  the  commissioner, 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary,  may  pre- 
scribe. 

Sec.  627.  That  section  3354  of  the  revised 
statutes  as  amended  by  the  act  approved 
June  18,  1890,  be,  and  is  hereby,  amended 
to  read  as  follows: 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


65 


"Sec.  3354.  Every  person  who  withdraws 
any  fermented  liquor  from  any  hogshead,  bar- 
rel, kegr,  or  other  vessel  upon  which  the  prop- 
er stamp  has  not  been  affixed  for  the  purpose 
of  bottling-  the  same,  or  who  carries  on  or 
attempts  to  carry  on  the  business  of  bottling- 
fermented  liquor  in  any  brewery  or  other 
place  in  which  rfermented  liquor  is  made,  or 
upon  any  premises  having-  communication 
with  such  brewery,  or  any  warehouse,  shall 
be  liable  to  a  fine  of  $500.  and  the  property 
used  in  such  bottling-  or  business  shall  be 
liable  to  forfeiture:  Provided,  however.  That 
this  section  shall  not  be  construed  to  pre- 
vent the  withdrawal  and  transfer  of  unfer- 
mented.  partially  fermented,  or  fermented 
liquors  from  any  of  the  vats  in  any  brewery 
by  way  of  a  pipe  line  or  other  conduit  to 
another  building-  or  place  for  the  sole  pur- 
pose of  bottling-  the  same,  such  pipe  line  or 
conduit  to  be  constructed  and  operated  in  such 
manner  and  with  such  cisterns,  vats,  tanks, 
valves,  cocks,  faucets,  and  gauges,  or  other 
utensils  or  apparatus,  either  on  the  premises 
of  the  brewery  or  the  bottling1  house,  and 
with  such  changes  of  or  additions  thereto, 
and  such  locks,  seals,  or  other  fastenings,  and 
under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  shall  be 
from  time  to  time  prescribed  by  the  commis- 
sioner of  internal  revenue,  subject  to  the  ap- 
proval of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  and 
all  locks  and  seals  prescribed  shall  be  pro- 
vided by  the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue 
at  the  expense  of  the  United  States:  Provided 
further,  That  the  tax  imposed  in  section  3339 
of  the  revised  statutes  shall  be  paid  on  all 
fermented  liquor  removed  from  a  brewery  to 
a  bottling  house  by  means  of  a  pipe  or  con- 
duit, at  the-  time  of  such  removal,  by  the 
cancellation  and  defacement,  by  the  collector 
of  the  district  or  his  deputy,  in  the  presence 
of  the  brewer,  of  the  number  of  stamps  de- 
noting the  tax  on  the  fermented  liquor  thus 
removed.  The  stamps  thus  canceled  and  de- 
faced shall  be  disposed  of  and  accounted 
for  in  the  manner  directed  by  the  commis- 
sioner of  internal  revenue,  with  the  approval 
of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury.  And  any 
violation  of  the  rules  and  regulations  here- 
after prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  in- 
ternal revenue,  with  the  approval  of  the  sec- 
retary of  the  treasury,  in  pursuance  of  these 
provisions,  shall  be  subject  to  the  penalties 
above  provided  by  this  section.  Every  own- 
er, agent,  or  superintendent  of  any  brewery  or 
bottling  house  who  removes,  or  connives  at 
the  removal  of,  any  fermented  liquor  through 
a  pipe  line  or  conduit,  without  payment  of 
the  tax  thereon,  or  who  attempts  in  any  man- 
ner to  defraud  the  revenue  as  above,  shall 
forfeit  all  the  liquors  made  by  and  for  him. 
and  all  the  vessels,  utensils,  and  apparatus 
used  in  making  the  same." 

Sec.  628.  That  there  shall  be  levied,  as- 
sessed, collected,  and  paid  in  lieu  of  the 
taxes  imposed  by  sections  313  and  315  of 
the  revenue  act  of  1917 — 

(a)  Upon    all   beverag-es    derived    wholly   or 
in    part    from    cereals    or    substitutes    there- 
lor,   and  containing-  less  than  one-half  of   one 
per*  centum   of  alcohol,    sold  by  the  manufac- 
turer,   producer,     or    importer,    in    bottles    or 
other    closed    containers,    a    tax    equivalent    to 
15    per    centum    of    the    price    for    which    so 
sold;    and    upon    all   unfermented   grape    juice, 
ginger   ale.    root    beer,    sarsaparilla,    pop,    arti- 
ficial  mineral  waters    (carbonated   or  not  car- 
bonated),   other   carbonated   waters    or   bever- 
ages, and  other  soft  drinks,  sold  by  the  manu- 
facturer,   producer,    or  importer,   in  bottles   or 
other    closed   containers,    a    tax    equivalent    to 
10  per  centum  of  the  price  for  which  so  feold; 
and 

(b)  Upon  all  natural  mineral  waters  or  table 
waters,   sold  by   the  producer,   bottler,   or  im- 
porter thereof,  in  bottles  or  other  closed  con- 


tainers, at  over  10  cents  per  gallon,  a  tax  of 
2  cents  per  gallon. 

Sec.  629.  That  each  manufacturer,  producer, 
bottler,  or  importer  of  any  of  the  articles 
enumerated  in  section  628  shall  make  momh- 
ly  returns  under  oath  in  duplicate  and  pay 
the  taxes  imposed  in  respect  to  such  articles 
by  such  section  to  the  collector  for  the  dis- 
trict in  which  is  located  the  principal  place 
of  business,  containing  such  information  nec- 
essary for  the  assessment  of  the  tax,  and 
at  such  times  and  in  such  manner  as  the 
commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the  sec- 
retary, may  by  regulation  prescribe. 

The  tax  shall,  without  assessment  by  the 
commissioner  or  notice  from  the  collector,  be 
due  and  payable  to  the  collector  at  the  time 
so  fixed  for  filing  the  return.  If  the  tax  is 
not  paid  when  due,  there  shall  be  added  as 
part  of  the  tax  a  penalty  of  5  per  centum, 
together  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  1  per 
centum  for  each  full  month,  from  the  time 
when  the  tax  became  due. 

Sec.  630.  That  on  and  after  May  1,  1919. 
there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  collected,  and 
paid  a  tax  of  1  cent  for  each  10  cents  or 
frrction  thereof  of  the  amount  paid  to  any 
person  conducting  a  soda  fountain,  ice  cream 

Sarlor,  or  other  similar  place  of  business,  for1 
rinks  commonly  known  as  soft  drinks,  com- 
pounded or  mixed  at  such  place  of  business, 
or  for  ice  cream,  ice  cream  sodas,  sundaes,  or 
other  similar  articles  of  food  or  drink,  when 
any  of  the  above  are  sold  on  or  after  such 
date  for  consumption  in  or  in  proximity  to 
such  place  of  business.  Such  tax  shall  be 
paid  by  the  purchaser  to  the  vendor  at  the 
time  of  the  sale  and  shrill  be  collected,  re- 
turned, and  paid  to  the  United  States  by  such 
vendor  in  the  same  manner  as  provided  in 
section  502. 

TITLE    VII.— TAX    ON    CIGARS,     TOBACCO, 
AND    MANUFACTURES    THEREOF. 

Sec.  700.  (a)  That  upon  cigars  and  ciga- 
rettes manufactured  in  or  imported  into  the 
United  States,  and  hereafter  sold  by  the 
manufacturer  or  importer,  or  removed  for  con- 
sumption or  sale,  there  shall  be  levied,  col- 
lected, and  paid  under  the  provisions  of  exist- 
ing law,  in  lieu  of  the  internal  revenue  taxes 
now  imposed  thereon  by  law,  the  following 
taxes,  to  be  paid  by  the  manufacturer  or 
importer  thereof — 

On  cigars  of  all  descriptions  made  of  to- 
bacco, or  any  substitute  therefor,  and  weigh- 
ing not  more  than  three  pounds  per  thousand. 
$1.50  per  thousand; 

On  cigars  made  of  tobacco,  or  any  substitute 
therefor,  and  weighing  more  than  three  pounds 
per  thousand,  if  manufactured  or  imported  to 
retail  at  not  more  than  5  cents  each,  $4  per 
thousand: 

If  manufactured  or  imported  to  retail  at 
more  than  5  cents  each  and  not  more  than 
8  cents  each,  S6  per  thousand: 

If  manufactured  or  imported  to  retail  at 
more  than  8  cents  each  and  not  more  than 
15  cents  each.  $9  per  thousand: 

If  manufactured  or  imported  to  retail  at 
more  than  15  cents  each  and  not  more  than 
20  cents  each.  $12  per  thousand: 

If  manufactured  or  imported  to  retail  at 
more  than  20  cents  each,  $15  per  thousand: 

On  cigarettes  made  of  tobacco,  or  any  sub- 
stitute therefor,  and  weighing  not  more  than 
three  pounds  per  thousand,  $3  per  thousand: 

Weighing  more  than  three  pounds  per  thou- 
sand, $7.20  per  thousand. 

(b)  Whenever  in  this  section  reference  is 
made  to  cigars  manufactured  or  imported  to 
retail  at  not  over  a  certain  price  each,  then 
in  determining  the  tax  to  be  paid  regard  shall 
be  had  to  the  ordinary  retail  price  of  a  single 

(c)'  The  commissioner  may.  by  regulation, 
require  the  manufacturer  or  importer  to  af- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920, 


fix  to  each  box,  package,  or  container  a  con- 
spicuous label  indicating1  the  clause  of  this 
section  under  which  the  cigars  therein  con- 
tained have  been  tax  paid,  which  must  cor- 
respond with  the  tax  paid  stamp  on  such  box 
or  container. 

(d)  Every  manufacturer  of  cigarettes  (in- 
cluding- small  cigars  weighing  not  more  than 
three  pounds  per  thousand)  shall  put  up  all 
the  cigarettes  and  such  small  cigars  that  he 
manufactures  or  has  manufactured  for  him, 
and  sells  or  removes  for  consumption  or  sale, 
in  packages  or  parcels  containing  five,  eight, 
ten,  twelve,  fifteen,  sixteen,  twenty,  twenty- 
four,  forty,  fifty,  eighty,  or  one  hundred  cig- 
arettes each,  and  shall  securely  affix  to  each 
of  such  packages  or  parcels  a  suitable  stamp 
denoting  the  tax  thereon  and  shall  properly 
cancel  the  same  prior  to  such  sale  or  re- 
moval for  consumption  or  sale  under  such 
regulations  as  the  commissioner,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  secretary,  shall  prescribe;  and 
all  cigarettes  imported  from  a  foreign  coun- 
try shall  be  packed,  stamped,  and  the  stamps 
canceled  in  a  like  manner,  in  addition  to  the 
import  stamp  indicating  inspection  of  the 
custom  house  before  they  are  withdrawn 
therefrom. 

Sec.  701.  (a)  That  upon  all  tobacco  and 
snuff  manufactured  in  or  imported  into  the 
United  States,  and  hereafter  sold  by  the 
manufacturer  or  im'porter,  or  removed  for 
consumption  or  sale,  there  shall  be  levied, 
collected,  and  paid,  in  lieu  of  the  internal 
revenue  taxes  now  imposed  thereon  by  law, 
a  tax  of  18  cents  per  pound,  to  be  paid  by 
the  manufacturer  or  importer  thereof. 

(b)  Section  3362  of  the  revised  statutes,  as 
amended,  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as  fol- 
lows: 

"Sec.  3362.  All  manufactured  tobacco  shall 
be  put  up  and  prepared  by  the  manufacturer 
lor  sale,  or  removal  for  sale  or  consumption, 
in  packages  of  the  following-  description  and 
in  no  other  manner: 

"All  smoking  tobacco,  snuff,  fine  cut  chew- 
ing tobacco,  all  cut  and  granulated  tobacco, 
all  shorts,  the  refuse  of  fine  cut  chewing, 
which  has  passed  through  a  riddle  of  thirty- 
six  meshes  to  the  sauare  inch,  and  all  refuse 
scraps,  clippings,  cuttings,  and  sweepings  of 
tobacco,  and  all  other  kinds  of  tobacco  not 
otherwise  provided  for,  in  packages  contain- 
ing one-eighth  of  an  ounce,  three-eighths  of 
an  ounce,  and  further  packages  with  a  dif- 
ference between  each  package  and  the  one 
next  smaller  of  one-eighth  of  an  ounce  up  to 
and  including  two  ounces,  and  further  pack- 
ages with  a  difference  between  each  package 
and  the  one  next  smaller  of  one-fourth  of 
an  ounce  UP  to  and  including  four  ounces, 
and  packages  of  five  ounces,  six  ounces, 
seven  ounces,  eight  ounces,  ten  ounces,  twelve 
ounces,  fourteen  ounces,  and  sixteen  ounces: 
Provided,  That  snuff  may.  at  the  option  of 
the  manufacturer,  be  put  up  in  bladders  and 
in  jars  containing  not  exceeding  twenty 
pounds. 

"All  cavendish,  plug1  and  twist  tobacco,  in 
wooden  packages  not  exceeding  200  pounds 
net  weight. 

"And  every  such  wooden  package  shall  have 
printed  or  marked  thereon  the  manufacturer's 
name  and  place  of  manufacture,  the  reg- 
istered number  of  the  manufactory  and  the 
gross  weight,  the  tare  and  the  net  weight 
of  the  tobacco  in  each  package:  Provided, 
That  these  limitations  and  descriptions  of 
packages  shall  not  apply  to  tobacco  and 
snuff  transported  in  bond  for  exportation  and 
actually  exported:  And  provided  further. 
That  perique  tobacco,  snuff  flour,  fine  cut 
shorts,  the  refuse  of  fine  cut  chewing  to- 
bacco, refuse  scraps,  clippings,  cuttings  and 
sweepings  of  tobacco  may  be  sold  in  bulk  as 
material,  and  without  the  payment  of  tax, 
by  one  manufacturer  directly  to  another  man- 


ufacturer, or  for  export,  under  such  restric- 
tions, rules  and  regulations  as  the  commis- 
sioner of  internal  revenue  may  prescribe: 
And  provided  further.  That  wood,  metal, 
paper  or  other  materials  may  be  used  sepa- 
rately or  in  combination  for  packing  tobacco, 
snuff,  and  cigars,  under  such  regulations  as 
the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  may 
establish." 

Sec.  702.  That  upon  all  the  articles  enu- 
merated in  section  700  or  701,  which  were 
manufactured  or  imported,  and  removed  from 
factory  or  custom  house  on  or  prior  to  the 
date  of  the  passage  of  this  act,  and  upon 
which  the  tax  imposed  by  existing  law  has 
been  paid,  and  which  are,  on  the  day  after 
the  passage  of  this  act.  held  by  any  person 
and  intended  for  sale,  there  shall  be  levied, 
assessed,  collected  and  paid  a  floor  tax  equal 
to  the  difference  between  (a)  the  tax  imposed 
by  this  act  upon  such  articles  according  to 
the  class  in  which  they  are  placed  by  this 
title,  and  (b)  the  tax  imposed  upon  such 
articles  by  existing  law  other  than  section 
403  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917. 

Sec.  703.  That  'there  shall  be  levied,  col- 
lected and  paid,  in  lieu  of  the  taxes  im- 
posed by  section  404  of  the  revenue  act  of 
1917.  upon  cigarette  paper  made  up  into  pack- 
ages, books,  sets  or  tubes,  made  up  in  or 
imported  into  the  United  States  and  here- 
after sold  by  the  manufacturer  or  importer 
to  any  person  (other  than  to  a  manufacturer 
of  cig-arettea  for  use  by  him  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  cigarettes)  the  following-  taxes,  to  be 
paid  by  the  manufacturer  or  importer:  On 
each  package,  book  or  set,  containing  more 
than  twenty-five  but  not  more  than  fifty  pa- 
pers, H  cent;  containing  more  than  fifty  but 
not  more  than  100  papers,  1  cent;  contain- 
ing more  than  100  papers,  %  cent  for  each 
fifty  papers  or  fractional  part  thereof:  and 
upon  tubes.  1  cent  for  each  fifty  tubes  or 
fractional  part  thereof. 

Every  manufacturer  of  cigarettes  purchas- 
ing any  cigarette  paper  made  up  into  tubes 
(a)  shall  give  bond  in  an  amount  and  with 
sureties  satisfactory  to  the  commissioner  that 
he  will  use  such  tubes  in  the  manufacture  of 
cigarettes  or  pay  thereon  a  tax  equivalent  to 
the  tax  imposed  by  this  section,  and  (b) 
shall  keep  such  records  and  render  under  oath 
such  returns  as  the  commissioner  finds  nec- 
essary to  show  the  disposition  of  all  tubes 
purchased  or  imported  by  such  manufacturer 
of  cigarettes. 

Sec.  704.  That  section  35  of  the  act  en- 
titled "An  act  to  provide  revenue,  equalize 
duties  and  encourage  the  industries  of  the 
United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  ap- 
proved Aug.  5.  1909.  be.  and  is  hereby,  re- 
pealed, to  take  effect  April  1.  1919. 

That    section    3360    of    the   revised    statutes ' 
be.  and  is  hereby,  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  3360.  (a)  Every  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco 
shall  file  with  the  collector  of  the  district  in 
which  his  business  is  carried  on  a  state- 
ment in  duplicate,  subscribed  under  oath. 
setting1  forth  the  place,  and,  if  in  a  city,  the 
street  and  number  of  the  street  where  his 
business  is  to  be  carried  on.  and  the  exact 
location  of  each  place  where  leaf  tobacco 
is  held  by  him  on  storage,  and  whenever  he 
adds  to  or  discontinues  any  of  his  leaf  to- 
bacco storage  places  he  shall  give  immediate 
notice  to  the  collector  of  the  district  in  which 
he  is  registered. 

"Every  such  dealer  shall  give  a  bond  with 
surety,  satisfactory  to.  and  to  be  approved 
by.  the  collector  of  the  district,  in  such  penal 
sum  as  the  collector  may  require,  not  less 
than  $500:  and  a  new  bond  may  be  required 
in  the  discretion  of  the  collector  or  under  in- 
structions of  the  commissioner. 

"Every  such  dealer  shall  be  assigned  a 
number  by  the  collector  of  the  district,  which 
number  shall  appear  in  every  inventory,  in- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


07 


voice  and  report  rendered  by  the  dealer,  who 
shall  also  obtain  certificates  from  the  col- 
lector of  the  district  setting-  forth  the  place 
where  his  business  is  carried  on  and  the 
places  designated  by  the  dealer  as  the  places 
of  storag-e  of  his  tobacco,  which  certificates 
shall  be  posted  conspicuously  within,  the 
dealer's  registered  place  of  business,  and  with- 
in each  designated  place  of  storage. 

"(b)  Every  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco  shall 
make  and  deliver  to  the  collector  of  the  dis- 
trict a  true  inventory  of  the  quantity  of  the 
different  kinds  of  tobacco  held  or  owned, 
and  where  stored  by  him.  on  the  1st  day  of 
January  of  each  year,  or  at  the  time  of  com- 
mencing and  at  the  time  of  concluding  busi- 
ness, if  before  or  after  the  1st  day  of  Janu- 
ary, such  inventory  to  be  made  under  oath 
and  rendered  in  such  form  as  may  be  pre- 
scribed by  the  commissioner. 

"Every  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco  shall  render 
such  invoices  and  keep  such  records  as  shall 
be  prescribed  by  the  commissioner,  and  shall 
enter  therein,  day  by  day.  and  upon  the  same 
day  on  which  the  circumstance,  thing1  or  act 
to  be  recorded  is  done  or  occurs,  an  accurate 
account  of  the  number  of  hogsheadj.  tierces, 
cases  and  bales,  and  quantity  of  leaf  tobacco 
contained  therein,  purchased  or  received  by 
him,  on  assignment,  consignment,  for  storage, 
by  transfer  or  otherwise,  and  of  whom  pur- 
chased or  received,  and  the  number  of  hogs- 
heads, tierces,  cases  and  bales,  and  the  quan- 
tity of  leaf  tobacco  contained  therein,  sold 
by  him,  with  the  name  and  residence  in 
each  instance  of  the  person  to  whom  sold, 
and  if  shipped,  to  whom  shipped,  and  to 
what  district:  such  records  shall  be  kept  at 
his  place  of  business  at  all  times  and  pre- 
served for  a  period  oi  two  years,  and  the 
same  shall  be  open  at  all  hours  for  the  in- 
spection of  any  internal  revenue  officer  or 
agent. 

"Every  dealer  in  lea-f  tobacco  on  or  before 
the  10th  day  of  each  month,  shall  furnish 
to  the  collector  of  the  district  a  true  and 
complete  report  of  all  purchases,  receipts, 
sales  and  shipments  of  leaf  tobacco  made  by 
him  during  the  month  next  preceding,  which 
report  shall  be  verified  and  rendered  in  such 
form  as  the  commissioner,  with  the  approval 
of  the  secretary,  shall  prescribe. 

"  (c)  Sales  or  shipments  of  leaf  tobacco 
by  a  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco  shall  be  in  quan- 
tities of  not  less  than  a  hogshead,  tierce, 
case  or  bale,  except  loose  leaf  tobacco  com- 
prising the  breaks  on  warehouse  floors,  and 
except  to  a  duly  registered  manufacturer  of 
cigars  for  use  in  his  own  manufactory  ex- 
clusively. 

"Dealers  in  leaf  tobacco  shall  make  ship- 
ments of  leaf  tobacco  only  to  other  Sealers 
in  leaf  tobacco,  to  registered  manufacturers 
of  tobacco,  snuff,  cigars  or  cigarettes,  or  lor 
export. 

"(d)  Upon  all  leaf  tobacco  sold,  removed  or 
shipped  by  any  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco  in  vio- 
lation of  the  provisions  of  subdivision  (c).  or 
in  respect  to  which  no  report  has  been  made 
by  such  dealer  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  subdivision  (b),  there  shall  be 
levied,  assessed,  collected  and  paid  a  tax 
equal  to  the  tax  then  in  force  upon  manu- 
factured tobacco,  such  tax  to  be  assessed  and 
collected  in  the  same  manner  as  the  tax 
on  manufactured  tobacco. 

"(e)    Every   dealer  in  leaf   tobacco 

"(1)  who  neglects  or  refuses  to  furnish 
the  statement,  to  give  bond,  to  keep  books,  to 
file  inventory  or  to  render  the  invoices,  re- 
turns or  reports  required  by  the  commission- 
er, or  to  notify  the  collector  of  the  district 
of  additions  to  his  places  of  storage:  or 

"(2)  who  ships  or  delivers  leaf  tobaccq,  ex- 
cept as  herein  provided:  or 

"(3)  who  fraudulently  omits  to  account  for 
tobacco  purchased,  received,  sold  or  shipped: 


shall  be  fined  not  less  than  8100  or  more 
than  8500,  or  imprisoned  not  more  than  one 
year,  or  both. 

"(f)  For  the  purposes  of  this  section  a 
farmer  or  grower  of  tobacco  shall  not  be  re- 
garded as  a  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco  in  respect 
to  the  leaf  tobacco  produced  by  him." 
TITLE  Vin.— TAX  ON  ADMISSIONS  AND 
DUES. 

Sec.  809.  (a)  That  from  and  after  April  1. 
1919,  there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  collect- 
ed and  paid,  in  lieu  of  the  taxes  imposed 
by  section  700  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917 — 

(1)  A  tax   of  1   cent  for  each  10  cents  or 
fraction   thereof    of  the   amount  paid   for  ad- 
mission   to   any   place   on   or  after   such  date, 
including  admission  by   season  ticket    or  sub- 
scription,   to   be    paid   by   the    person   paying 
for  such  admission: 

(2)  In  the  case  of  persons  (except  bona  fide 
employes,    municipal    officers    on    official   busi- 
ness,   persons  in   the  military   or  naval  forces 
of    the   United    States    when   in    uniform,    and 
children    under    12    years    of    age)     admitted 
free  or  at  reduced  rates  to  any  place  at  a  time 
when    and    under   circumstances    under    which 
an    admission    charge    is    made    to    other   per- 
sons., a   tax   of   1   cent  for  each   10   cents   or 
fraction    thereof   of   the   price   so   charged   to 
such    other    persons   for   the    same   or  similar 
accommodations,    to    be    paid    by    the    person 
so    admitted: 

(5)  Upon  tickets  or  cards  of  admission  to 
theaters,  operas  and  other  places  of  amuse- 
ment, sold  at  news  stands,  hotels  and  placet 
other  than  the  ticket  offices  of  such  theaters, 
operas  or  other  places  of  amusement,  at  not 
to  exceed  50  cents  in  excess  of  the  sum  of 
the  established  price  therefor  at  such  ticket 
offices  plus  the  amount  of  any  tax  imposed 
under  paragraph  (1).  a  tax  equivalent  to  5 
per  centum  of  the  amount  of  such  ex- 
cess: and  if  sold  for  more  than  50  cents  in 
excess  of  the  sum  of  such  established  price 
plus  the  amount  of  any  tax  imposed  under 
paragraph  (1).  a  tax  equivalent  to  50  per 
centum  of  the  whole  amount  of  such  excess, 
such  taxes  to  be  returned  and  paid,  in  the 
manner  provided  in  section  903.  by  the  per- 
son selling-  such  tickets; 

(4)  A  tax  equivalent  to  50  per  centum   of 
the   amount    for   which   the   proprietors,    man- 
agers  or   employes    of   any    opera   house,    the- 
ater or  other  place  of  amusement  sell  or  dis- 
pose  of   tickets  or  cards   of   admission  in  ex- 
cess   of    the    regular    or    established    price    or 
charge  therefor,    such  tax  to  be  returned  and 
paid,   in  the  manner  provided  in  section  903. 
by  the  person  selling  such  tickets: 

(5)  In  the  case  of  persons  having  the  per- 
manent   use    of    boxes    or    seats    in    an    opera 
house  or  any  place   of  amusement   or  a  lease 
for  the  use  of  such  box  or  seat  in  such  opera 
house  or  place   of  amusement,   in  lieu  of  the 
tax  Imposed  by   paragraph    (1),   a  tax  equiv- 
alent   to    10    per  centum    of    the   amount    for 
which    a     similar    box    or    seat    is    sold     for 
each     performance     or     exhibition     at     which 
the    box     or    seat     is     used     or    reserved    by 
or   for  the  lessee   or   holder,    such   tax   to  be 
paid  by  the  lessee  or  holder:  and 

(6)  A    tax   of    1%    cents   for  each    10    cents 
or    fraction    thereof    of    the    amount   paid   for 
admission  to  any  public  performance  for  prof- 
it  at  any  roof   garden,   cabaret   or  other   sim- 
ilar   entertainment,    to    which    the   charge    for 
admission  is  wholly  or  in  part  included  in  the 
price    paid    for    refreshment,    service    or    mer- 
chandise: the   ..mount  paid  for  such  admission 
to    be    deemed    to   be    20    per    centum    of    the 
amount     paid     for    refreshment,     service     and 
merchandise;  such  tax  to  be  paid  by  the  per- 
spn   paying    for    such    refreshment,    service    or 
merchandise. 

(b)   No  tax  shall  be  levied  under  this  title 


68 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


in  respect  to  any  admissions  all  the  proceeds 
of  which  inure  exclusively  to  the  benefit  of 
religious,  educational  or  charitable  institu- 
tions, societies  or  organizations,  societies  for 
the  prevention  of  cruelty  to  children  or  ani- 
mals or  exclusively  to  the  benefit  of  organiza 
tions  conducted  for  the  sole  purpose  of  main- 
taining- symphony  orchestras  and  receiving 
substantial  support  from  voluntary  contribu 
tions,  none  of  the  profits  of  which  are  dis- 
tributed to  members  of  such  organizations, 
or  exclusively  to  the  benefit  of  persons  in 
the  military  or  naval  forces  of  the  United 
States,  or  admissions  to  agricultural  fairs 
none  of  the  profits  of  which  are  distributed 
to  stockholders  or  members  of  the  association 
conducting  the  same. 

(c)  The  term   "admission"   as   used  in  this 
title    includes    seats    and    tables,    reserved    or 
otherwise    and    other    similar   accommodations, 
and  the  charges  made  therefor. 

(d)  The  price    (exclusive  of  the  tax  to  be 
paid  by   the  person  paying  for  admission)    at 
which   every  admission  ticket   or  card  is   sold 
shall   be   conspicuously    and   indelibly   printed, 
stamped  or  written  on  the  face  or  back  there 
of,   together  with   the  name  of  the  vendor  if 
sold    other    than    at    the    ticket    oflQce    of    the 
theater,    opera   or   other  place   of    amusement. 
Whoever  sells  an  admission  ticket  or  card  on 
which   the  name   of   the  vendor   and  price  is 
not    so  printed,    stamped,   or  written,    or  at   a 
price    in     excess     of     the    price     so    printed, 
stamped,    or    written    thereon,    is    guilty    of    a 
misdeameanor,     and    upon    conviction    thereof 
shall  be  fined  not  more  than  $100. 

Sec.  801.  That  from  and  after  April  1,  1919. 
there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  collected  and 
paid,  in  lieu  of  the  taxes  imposed  by  section 
701  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917,  a  tax  equiv- 
alent to  10  per  centum  of  any  amount  paid 
on  or  after  such  date,  for  any  period  after 
such  date,  (a)  as  dues  or  membership  fees 
(where  the  dues  or  fees  of  an  active  resi- 
dent annual  member  are  in  excess  of  $10  per 
year)  to  any  social,  athletic,  or  sporting  club 
or  organization:  or  (b)  as  initiation  fees  to 
such  a  club  or  organization,  if  such  fees 
amount  to  more  than  $10.  or  if  the  dues  or 
membership  fees  (not  including  initiation  fees) 
of  an  active  resident  annual  member  are  in 
excess  of  $10  per  year;  such  taxes  to  be 
paid  by  the  person  paying  such  dues  or  fees: 
Provided,  That  there  shall  be  exempted  from 
the  provisions  of  this  section  all  amounts 
paid  as  dues  or  fees  to  a  fraternal  society,  or- 
der, or  association,  operating  under  the  lodge 
system.  In  the  case  of  life  memberships  a 
life  member  shall  pay  annually,  at  the  time 
for  the  payment  of  dues  by  active  resident 
annual  members,  a  tax  equivalent  to  the  tax 
upon  the  amount  paid  by  such  member,  but 
shall  pay  no  tax  upon  the  amount  paid  lor 
life  membership. 

Sec.  802.  That  every  person  (a)  receiving 
any  payments  for  such  admission,  dues,  or 
fees  shall  collect  the  amount  of  the  tax 
imposed  by  section  800  or  801  from  the  per- 
son making  such  payments,  or  (b)  admitting 
any  person  free  to  any  place  for  admission 
to  which  a  charge  is  made,  shall  collect  the 
amount  of  the  tax  imposed  by  section  800 
from  the  person  so  admitted.  Every  club  or 
organization  having  life  members  shall  col- 
lect from  such  members  the  amount  of  the 
tax  imposed  by  section  801.  In  all  the  above 
cases  returns  and  payments  of  the  amount  so 
collected  shall  be  made  at  the  same  time  and 
inthe  same  manner  as  provided  in  eection 
oO-o. 

TITLE   IX.— EXCISE  TAXES. 
Sec.    900.  That    there    shall    be    levied,    as- 
sessed,  collected  and  paid  upon  the  following, 
articles    sold    or   leased   by    the   manufacturer 
producer,    or    importer,    a    tax    equivalent    to 


the    following    percentages    of    the    price    for 
which  so  sold  or  leased— 

(1)  Automobile      trucks      and      automobile 
wagons     (including    tires,    inner    tubes,    parts 
and    accessories    therefor,    sold    on    or    in   con- 
nection  therewith   or  with   the   sale   thereof). 
3   per  centum; 

(2)  Other  automobiles  and  motorcycles   (in- 
cluding   tires,    inner    tubes,    parts    and    acces- 
sories therefor,  sold  on  or  in  connection  there- 
with  or  with   the   sale  thereof),  except   trac- 
tors. 6  per  centum; 

(3)  Tires,  inner  tubes,  parts  or  accessories, 
for   any   of   the  articles  enumerated  in  subdi- 
vision. (D    or    (2).   sold  to  any  person   other 
than   a    manufacturer   or  producer   of    any   of 
the  articles  enumerated  in  subdivision   (1)   or 
(2).  6  per  centum; 

(4)  Pianos,  organs  (other  than  pipe  organs). 
piano     players,     graphophones,     phonographs, 
talking    machines,    music    boxes    and    records 
used  in   connection   with   any   musical   instru- 
ment,    piano     player,     graphophone,     phono- 
graph or  talking  machine.    5  per  centum; 

(5)  Tennis  rackets,  nets,  racket  covers  and 
presses,    skates,     snowshoes.     skis,     toboggans, 
canoe  paddles  and  cushions,  polo  mallets,  base- 
ball   bats,    gleves,     masks,     protectors,     shoes 
and    uniforms,    football    helmets,    harness   and 
goals,    basket   ball   goals    and   uniforms,    golf 
bags    and   clubs,    lacrosse    sticks,    balls    of    all 
kinds,    including    baseballs,     footballs,    tennis. 
golf,   lacrosse,  billiard   and  pool  balls,    fishing 
rods  and  reels,  billiard  and  pool  tables,   chess 
and    checker   boards    and    pieces,    dice,    games 
and  parts  of  games  (except  playing  cards  and 
children's    toys    and    games),    and    all    similar 
articles  commonly  or  commercially  known  as 
sporting  goods.  10  per  centum; 

(6)  Chewing  sum  or  substitutes  therefor,  3 
per  centum; 

(7)  Cameras,   weighing  not  more  than  100 
pounds,   10  per  centum; 

(8)  Photographic    films    and    plates,    other 
than  moving-picture  films.  5  per  centum; 

(9)  Candy,  5  per  centum; 

(10)  Firearms,   shells  and  cartridges,  except 
those  sold  for  the  use  of   the  United  States, 
any     state,     territory,     or    possession     of     the 
United  States,   any  political  subdivision  there- 
of,  the  District   of   Columbia,    or   any   foreign 
country    while    engaged    against    the    German 
government     in     the     present     war,     10     per 
centum; 

(11)  Hunting1    and    bowie    knives.    10    per 
centum: 

(12)  Dirk    knives,     daggers,     sword    canes, 
stilettos  and  brass  or  metallic  knuckles,   100 
per  centum: 

(13)  Portable  electric   fans,    5   per  centum; 

(14)  Thermos      and      thermostatic     bottles, 
carafes,    jugs,    or    other  thermostatic   contain- 
ers, 5  per  centum: 

(15)  Cigar   or   cigarette   holders    and   pipes, 
composed    wholly    or  in   part   of    meerschaum 
or   amber,   humidors   and   smoking   stands,    10 
per  centum; 

(16)  Automatic    slot    device    vending    ma- 
chines,    5    per    centum,     and    automatic    slot 
device    weighing    machines,     10    per    centum; 
if  the  manufacturer,  producer,  or  importer  of 
any    such    machine   operates   it    for   profit,    he 
shall  pay  a  tax  in  respect  to  each  such  ma- 
chine put  into   operation  equivalent  to  5  per 
centum  of   its   fair  market   value  in  the  case 
of    a    vending    machine,    and    10    per    centum 
of    its    fair    market    value   in    the   case   of    a 
weighing  machine: 

(17)  Liveries  and  livery  boots  and  hats.  10 
per  centum: 

(18)  Hunting    and    shooting    garments    and 
riding  habits,    10  per  centum; 

(19)  Articles    made   of    fur   on   the  hide   or 
pelt,    or   of   which  any   such  fur  is  the  com- 
ponent    material     of     chief     value.     10     per 
centum; 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


(20)  Yachts   and  motor  boats   not  designed 
lor    trade,    fishing-,    or    national    defense;    and 
pleasure  boats  and  pleasure  canoes  if  sold  for 
more  than  $15.  10  per  centum;  and 

(21)  Toilet  soaps  and  toilet  eoap  powders. 
3  per  centum 

If  any  manufacturer,  producer  or  importer 
of  any  of  the  articles  enumerated  in  this 
section  customarily  sells  such  articles  both 
at  wholesale  and  at  retail,  the  tax  in  the  casa 
of  any  article  sold  by  him  at  retail  shall  be 
computed  on  the  price  for  which  like  articles 
are  sold  by  him  at  wholesale. 

The  taxes  imposed  by  this  section  shall,  in 
the  case  of  any  article  in  respect  to  which  a 
corresponding-  tax  is  imposed  by  section  600 
of  the  revenue  act  of  1917.  be  in  lieu  of 
such  tax. 

Sec.  901.  That  il  any  person  manufactures. 
produces  or  imports  any  article  enumerated  in 
section  900,  or  leases  or  licenses  for  exhibi- 
tion any  positive  motion-picture  film  con- 
taining- a  picture  ready  for  projection,  and, 
whether  through  any  agreement,  arrangement, 
or  understanding,  or  otherwise,  sells,  leases  or 
licenses  such  article  at  less  than  the  fair  mar- 
ket price  obtainable  therefor,  either  (a)  in 
such  manner  as  directly  or  indirectly  to  bene- 
fit such  person  or  any  person  directly  or  in- 
directly interested  in  the  business  of  such 
Serson.  or  (b)  with  intent  to  cause  such  bene- 
t,  the  amount  for  which  such  article  is 
sold,  leased  or  licensed  shall  be  taken  to  be 
the  amount  which  would  have  been  received 
from  the  sale,  lease  or  license  of  such  article 
if  sold,  leased  or  licensed  at  the  fair  market 
price. 

Sec.  902.  That  there  shall  be  levied,  as- 
sessed, collected  and  paid  upon  sculpture, 
painting-s,  statuary,  art  porcelains  and  bronzes, 
eold  by  any  person  other  than  the  artist,  a 
tax  equivalent  to  10  per  centum  of  the  price 
lor  which  so  sold.  This  section  shall  not  ap- 
ply to  the  sale  of  any  such  article  to  an  edu- 
cational institution  or  public  art  museum. 

Sec.  903.  That  every  person  liable  lor  any 
tax  impossed  by  section  900,  902.  or  906 
shall  make  monthly  returns  under  oath  in 
duplicate  and  pay  the  taxes  imposed  by  such 
sections  to  the  collector  for  the  district  in 
which  is  located  the  principal  place  of  busi- 
ness. Such  returns  shall  contain  such  infor- 
mation and  be  made  at  such  times  and  in 
such  manner  as  the  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  may  by  regula- 
tions prescribe. 

The  tax  shall,  without  assessment  by  the 
commissioner  or  notice  from  the  collector, 
be  due  and  payable  to  the  collector  at  the 
time  so  fixed  for  filing-  the  return.  If  the 
tax  is  not  paid  when  due,  there  shall  be 
added  as  part  of  the  tax  a  penalty  of  5  per 
centum,  tog-ether  with  interest  at  the  rate  ol 
1  per  centum  for  each  full  month,  from  the 
time  when  the  tax  became  due. 

Sec.  904.  (a)  That  on  and  after  May  1. 
1919,  there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  collect- 
ed and  paid  a  tax  equivalent  to  10  per  centum 
of  so  much  of  the  amount  paid  for  any  of 
the  following-  articles  as  is  in  excess  of  the 
price  hereinafter  specified  as  to  each  such  ar- 
ticle, when  such  article  is  sold  by  or  for  a 
dealer  or  his  estate  on  or  after  such  date  for 
consumption  or  use — 

(1)  Carpets    and   rug-s.    including-   fiber,    ex- 
cept  imported  and  American  rugs  made  prin- 
cipally of   wool,   on  the  amount   in  excessi  of 
$5   per  square  yard; 

(2)  Picture  frames,  on  the  amount  in  excess 
of   S10    each; 

(3)  Trunks,    on    the    amount    in    excess    of 
550  each: 

(4)  Valises,    traveling-    bag's,    suitcases,    hat 
boxes     used     b.v     travelers,     and     fitted    toilet 
cases,   on  the  amount  in  excess  of   825  each: 

(5)  Purses,     pocket     books,     shopping1     and 


hand  bags,  on  the  amount  in  excess  ol  $7.50 

(6)  Portable      lighting-     fixtures,      including 
lamps  of  all  kinds  and  lamp   shades,   on   the 
amount  in  excess  of  $25  each: 

(7)  Umbrellas,  parasols,  and  sun  shades,  on 
the  amount  in  excess  of  $4  each; 

(8)  Fans,   on   the  amount  in  excess  ol   $1 
each; 

(9)  House  or  smoking-  coats  or  jackets,  and 
bath    or    lounging-    robes,    on    the    amount    in 
excess   of  $7.50  each; 

(10)  Men's  waistcoats,  sold  separately  from 
suits,  on  the  amount  in  excess  of  $5  each; 

(11)  Women's  and  misses*  hats,  bonnets  and 
hoods,  on  the  amount  in  excess  of  $15  eacl  ; 

(12)  Men's  and  boys'  hats,  on  the  amount  in 
excess  of  $5  each; 

(13)  Men's  and  boys'  caps,  on  the  amount 
in  excess  of  $2  each; 

(14)  Men's,     women's,     misses'     and     boys* 
boots,   shoes,   pumps  and  slippers,   not  includ- 
ing-   shoes    or    appliances    made    to    order   lor 
any  person  having-  a  crippled  or  deformed  foot 
or  ankle,  on  the  amount  in  excess  ol  $10  per 
pair: 

(15)  Men's    and   boys'    neckties    and    neck- 
wear on  the  amount  in  excess  of  $2  each: 

(16)  Men's  and  boys'  silk  stocking-s  or  hose, 
on  the  amount  in  excess  of  $1  per  pair: 

(17)  Women's  and  misses'  silk  stockings  or 
hose,    on    the    amount    in    excess    of    $2    per 
pair; 

(18)  Men's   shirts,    on   the   amount   in   ex- 
cess ol  $3  each: 

(19)  Men's,  women's,  misses'  and  boys'  pa- 
jamas,   nightgowns    and    underwear,     on    the 
amount  in  excess  of  $5  each;   and 

(20)  Kimonos,  petticoats  and  waists,  on  the 
amount  in  excess   of   $15  each. 

(b)  The  tax  imposed  by   this  section  shall 
not   apply    (1)    to  any   article   enumerated   in 
paragraphs  (2)  to  (8).  both  inclusive,  ol  sub- 
division   (a),   il    such   article   is   made   ol.    or 
ornamented,   mounted,  or  fitted  with,  precious 
metals  or  imitations  thereof  or  ivory,  or   (2) 
to   any   article   made   of    fur   on   the  hide  or 
pelt,   or  of  which   any   such  fur  is   the  com- 
ponent material  ol  chief  value,  or  to   (3)   any 
article    enumerated    in    subdivision     (17)     or 
(18)    ol  section  900. 

(c)  The  taxes  imposed  by  this  section  shall 
be  paid  by  the  purchaser  to  the  vendor  at  the 
time   ol   the    sale    and   shall   be   collected,   re- 
turned, and  paid  to  the  United  States  by  such 
vendor   in    the    same    manner   as   provided   in 
section  502. 

Sec.  905.  That  on  and  alter  April  1.  1919. 
there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  collected  and 
paid  (in  lieu  of  the  tax  imposed  by  subdi- 
vision (e)  of  section  600  of  the  revenue  act 
ol  1917)  upon  all  articles  commonly  or 
commercially  known  as  jewelry,  whether  real 
or  imitation:  pearls,  precious  and  semiprecious 
stones,  and  imitations  thereof;  articles  made 
of,  or  ornamented,  mounted  or  fitted  with, 
precious  metals  or  imitations  thereof  or  ivory 
(not  including-  surgical  instruments) ;  watch- 
es: clocks:  opera  glasses:  lorgnettes:  marine 
glasses;  field  glasses  and  binoculars;  upon 
any  9f  the  above  when  sold  by  or  for  a  dealer 
or  his  estate  for  consumption  or  use.  a  tax 
equivalent  to  5  per  centum  of  the  price  lor 
which  so  sold. 

Every  person  selling1  any  ol  the  articles 
enumerated  in  this  section  shall  make  re- 
turns under  oath  in  duplicate  (monthly  or 
quarterly  as  the  commissioner,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  secretary,  may  prescribe)  and 
pay  the  taxes  imposed  in  respect  to  such  arti- 
cles by  this  section  to  the  collector  lor  the 
district  in  which  is  located  the  principal  place 
ol  business.  Such  returns  shall  contain  such 
information  and  be  made  at  such  times  and 
in  such  manner  as  the  commissioner,  with 
the  approval  ol  the  secretary,  may  by  regula- 
tions prescribe. 


70 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


The  tax  shall,  without  assessment  by  the 
commissioner  or  notice  from  the  collector,  be 
due  and  payable  to  the  collector  at  the  time 
so  fixed  for  filing-  the  return.  If  the  tax  is 
not  paid  when  due,  there  shall  be  added  as 
part  of  the  tax  a  penalty  of  6  per  centum,  to- 
g-ether with  interest  at  the  rate  of  1  per 
centum  for  each  full  month,  from  the  time 
when  the  tax  became  due. 

Sec  906.  That  on  and  after  the  1st  day  of 
May.  1919.  any  person  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness of  leasing-  or  licensing-  for  exhibition  posi- 
tive motion-picture  films  containing-  pictures 
ready  for  projection  shall  pay  monthly  an 
excise  tax  in  respect  to  carrying-  on  such  busi- 
ness equal  to  6  per  centum  of  the  total 
rentals  earned  from  each  such  lease  or  li- 
cense during-  the  preceding-  month.  If  a  per- 
son owning-  such  a  film  exhibits  it  for  profit 
he  shall  pay  a  tax  equivalent  to  5  per  centum 
of  the  fair  rental  or  license  value  of  such 
film  at  the  time  and  place  where  and  for  the 
period  during-  which  exhibited.  If  any  such 
person  has.  prior  to  Dec.  6.  1918.  made  a  bona 
fide  contract  with  any  person  for  the  lease  or 
licensing-,  after  the  tax  imposed  by  this  sec- 
tion takes  effect,  of  such  a  film  for  exhibi- 
tion for  profit,  and  if  such  contract  does  not 
permit  the  adding-  of  the  whole  of  the  tax  im- 
posed by  this  section  to  the  amount  to  be 
paid  under  such  contract  then  the  lessee  or 
licensee  shall,  in  lieu  of  the  lessor  or  licensor, 
pay  so  much  of  such  tax  as  ia  not  so  per- 
mitted to  be  added  to  the  contract  price.  The 
tax  imposed  by  this  section  shall  be  in  lieu 
of  the  tax  imposed  by  subdivisions  (c)  and 
(d)  of  section  600  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917. 

Sec.  907.  (a)  That  on  and  after  May  1, 
1919.  there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  col- 
lected and  paid  (in  lieu  of  the  taxes  imposed 
by  subdivisions  (g-)  and  (h)  of  section  600 
of  the  revenue  act  of  1917)  a  tax  of  1  cent 
for  each  25  cents  or  fraction  thereof  of  the 
amount  paid  for  any  of  the  following-  articles 
when  sold  by  or  for  a  dealer  or  his  estate  on 
or  after  such  date  for  consumption  or  nee: 

(1)  Perfumes,      essences,      extracts,      toilet 
waters,   cosmetics,   petroleum  Jellies,  hair  oils, 
pomades,  hair  dressing's,  hair  restoratives,  hair 
dyes,    tooth    and    mouth    washes,    dentifrices, 
tooth  pastes,  aromatic  cachous.  toilet  powders 
(other  than  soap  powders),  or  any  similar  eub- 
stanc :,     article,     or     preparation     by     whatso- 
ever   name    known    or    distinguished,    any    of 
the   above   which   are  used   or   applied   or  in- 
tended to  be  used   or  applied  for  toilet   pur- 
poses; 

(2)  Pills,  tablets,  powders,  tinctures,  troches 
or  lozenges,   sirups,   medicinal  cordials   or  bit- 
ters,    anodynes,     tonics,     plasters,     liniments, 
salves,    ointments,   pastes,   drpps,    waters    (ex- 
cept   those   taxed   under    section    628    of    this 
act),  essences,  spirits,  oils,  and  other  medicinal 
preparations,  compounds,  or  compositions  (not 
including-    serums    and    antitoxins),    upon    the 
amount  paid  for  any  of  the  above  as  to  which 
the  manufacturer  or  producer  claims  to  have 
any  private  formula,   secret,  or  occult  art  for 
making-    or    preparing-    the    same,    or    has    or 
claims  to  have  any  exclusive  right  or  title  to 
the  making1  or  preparing-  the  same,   or  which 
are   prepared,   uttered,   vended,   or  exposed  for 
sale   under  any  letters   patent,    or  trade-mark, 
or  which    (if   prepared  by  any  formula,  pub- 
lished or  unpublished)    are  held  out  or  recom- 
mended to  the  public  by  the  makers,  vendors, 
or    proprietors    thereof    as    proprietary    medi- 
cines or  medicinal  proprietary  articles  or  prep- 
arations,   or   as   remedies   or  specifics   for  any 
disease,    diseases,     or    affection    whatever    af- 
fecting-   the    human    or    animal    body:       Pro- 
vided. That  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall 
not    apply   to    the    sale    of    vaccines    and    bac- 
terines  which   are   not   advertised    to   the  gen- 
eral lay  public,  nor  to  the  sale  by  a  physician 


in    personal    attendance    upon    a    patient    of' 
medicinal  preparations  not  so  advertised 

(b)  The  taxes  imposed  by  this  section 
shall  be  collected  by  whichever  of  the  follow- 
ing- methods  the  commissioner  may  deem  expe- 
dient: (1)  by  stamp  affixed  to  such  article  by 
the  vendor,  the  cost  of  which  shall  be  reim- 
bursed to  the  vendor  by  the  purchaser:  or  (2) 
by  payment  to  the  vendor  by  the  purchaser 
at  the  time  of  the  sale,  the  taxes  so  collect- 
ed beingr  returned  and  paid  to  the  United 
States  by  such  vendor  in  the  same  manner  as 
provided  in  section  602. 

TITLE  X.— SPECIAL  TAXES. 
Sec.  .1000.    (a)   That   on   and   after  July   1. 
1918.  in  lieu  of  the  tax  imposed  by  the  first 
subdivision  of  section  407  of  the  revenue  act 
of   1916— 

(1)  Every  domestic  corporation  shall  pay 
annually  a  special  excise  tax  with  respect   to 
carrying-   on   or  doing-  business,    equivalent   to 
$1   for  each   31.000   or  so   much   of   the  fair 
average    value    of    its    capital    stock    for    the 
preceding-  year  ending-  June  30  as  is  in,  excess 
of  $5,000.     In  estimating-  the  value  of  capital 
stock  the  surplus  and  undivided  profits  shall 
be  included; 

(2)  Every    foreign    corporation    shall   pay 
annually  a  special  excise  tax  with  respect  to 
carrying-   on,   or  doing-  business  in  the  United 
States,   equivalent   to  $1    for  each   $1,000   of 
the  average  amount  of  capital  employed  in  the 
transaction  of  its  business  in  the  United  States 
during-  the  preceding-  year  ending-  June  30. 

(b)  In     computing-     the     tax     in     the    case 
of    insurance    companies     such     deposits    and 
reserve  funds  as  they  are  required  by  law  or 
contract  to  maintain  or  hold  for  the  protection 
of    or   payment    to    or    apportionment    among- 
policyholders  shall  not  be  included. 

(c)  The  taxes  imposed  by  this  section  shall 
not    apply    in    any    year    to    any    corporation 
which  was  not  eng-aged  in  business  (or  in  the 
case  of   a   foreign  corporation  not  engaged  in 
business    in    the    United    States)     during-    the 
preceding-  year   ending-   June    30.    nor    to    any 
corporation    enumerated    in    section    231.     The 
taxes   imposed  by  this   section    shall   apply   to 
mutual  insurance  companies,    and  in  the   case 
of    every     such     domestic     company     the     tax 
shall  be  equivalent   to   $1  for  each  $1.000  of 
the    excess    over    $5,000    of    the    sum    of    its 
surplus  or  contingent   reserves  maintained  for 
the    general    use    of    the    business    and    any 
reserves     the     net     additions     to     which     are 
included  in  net  income  under  the  provisions  of 
Title    II.,    as    of    the    close    of    the    preceding: 
accounting-  period  used  by  such  company   for 
purppses    of    making-    its    income    tax    return. 
Provided.  That  in  the  case  of  a  foreign  mutual 
insurance  company  the  tax  shall  be  equivalent 
to  $1  for  each  $1.000  of  the  same  proportion 
of  the  sum  of  such  surplus  and  reserves,  which 
the    reserve    fund    upon    business    transacted 
within  the  United  States  is  of  the  total  reserve 
upon   all  business   transacted,    as   of  the  close 
of    the   preceding-    accounting-   period    used   by 
such    company    for    purposes    of    making'    its 
income  tax  return. 

(d)  Section   257   shall   apply   to   all  returns 
filed  with   the   commissioner   for   purposes  of 
the   tax  imposed  by   this   section. 

Sec.  1001.  That  on  and  after  Jan.  1.  1919. 
there  shall  be  levied,  collected,  and  paid 
annually  the  following-  special  taxes — 

(1)  Brokers  shall  pay  $50.  Every  person 
whose  business  it  is  to  neg-otiate  purchases  or 
sales  of  stocks,  bonds,  exchange,  bullion, 
coined  money,  bank  notes,  promissory  notes, 
other  securities,  produce  or  merchandise,  for 
others,  shall  be  regarded  as  a  broker.  If  a 
broker  is  a  member  of  a  stock  exchange,  or 
if  he  is  a  member  of  any  produce  exchange, 
board  of  trade,  or  similar  organization,  where 
produce  or  merchandise  is  sold,  he  shall  pay 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


an  additional  amount  as  follows:  If  the  av- 
erage value,  during1  the  preceding'  year  ena- 
ing  June  30.  of  a  seat  or  membership  in 
such  exchange  or  organization  was  $2 0 0 0  or 
more  but  not  more  than  So. 000,  $100;  if 
such  value  was  more  than  $5,000,  $150. 

(2)  Pawnbrokers    shall    pay    $100.       Every 
person  whose  business  or  occupation  it  is  to 
take  or  receive,   by  way   of   pledge,  pawn,   or 
exchange,  any  goods,  wares,  or  merchandise,  or 
any    kind    of   personal   property    whatever,    as 
security   for  the   repayment   of   money   loaned 
thereon,    shall  be   regarded    as    a    pawnbroker. 

(3)  Ship  brokers  shall  pay  850,    Every  per- 
son   whose    business    it    is    as    a    broker    to 
negotiate  freights  and  other  business  for  the 
owners    of    vessels,    or    for    the    shippers    or 
consignors  or  consignees  of  freight  carried  by 
vessels,    shall   be   regarded    as   a    ship    broker. 

(4)  Custom   house   brokers   shall   pay    $50. 
Every  person  wrhose   occupation  it   is.    a»  the 
agent  of   others,  to   arrange  entries  and  other 
•custom  house  papers,   or  transact  business  at 
any  port  of  entry  relating"  to  the  importation 
or    exportation     of     goods,     wares,     or    mer- 
chandise, shall  be  regarded  as  a  custom  house 
broker. 

(5)  Proprietors    of    theaters,    museums    and 
concert   halls,    where   a   charge   for   admission 
is  made,  having  a  seating  capacity  of  not  more 
than    250,    shall    pay    $50:    having    a    seating 
capacity  of  more  than  250  and  not  exceeding 
£00.    shall    pay    $100:    having    a    seating    ca- 
pacity exceeding   500   and  not  exceeding  800, 
shall  pay  $150;  having  a  seating  capacity  of 
more  than  800.  shall  pay  $200. .  Every  edifice 
used  for  the  purpose  of   dramatic  or  operatic 
or    other   representations,    plays,    or    perform- 
ances, for  admission  to  which  entrance  money 
is    received,    not    including    halls    or   armories 
rented    or    used    occasionally    for    concerts    or 
theatrical    representations,    and    not    including 
edifices    owned    by    religious,    educational    or 
charitable   institutions,    societies    or    organiza- 
tions where  all  the  proceeds  from  admissions 
inure     exclusively     to     the     benefit     of     such 
institutions,    societies    or   organizations    or  ex- 
clusively     to      the     benefit      of      persons      in 
the    military    or    naval    forces    of    the    United 
States,      shall     be     regarded     as     a     theater: 
Provided,    that  in  cities,    towns  or  villages  of 
6.000     inhabitants     or    less     the     amount     of 
such     payment     shall     be     one-half     of     that 
above   stated:      Provided   further.   That  when- 
ever  any   such   edifice   is   under  lease   at    the 
time  the  tax  is  due.  the  tax  shall  be  paid  by 
the  lessee,  unless  otherwise  stipulated  between 
the   parties  to  the  lease. 

(6)  The    proprietor    or    proprietors    of    ar- 
ouses shall  pay  $100.     Every  building,   space. 
tent   or  area   where  feats  of  horsemanship   or 
acrobatic     sports     or    theatrical     performances 
not  otherwise  provided  for  in  this  section  are 
exhibited  shall  be  regarded  as  a  circus:    Pro- 
vided,  That  no  special  tax  paid  in   one  state, 
territory    or    the    District    of    Columbia    shall 
exempt    exhibitions    from   the    tax    in    another 
state,    territory    or    the    District    of    Columbia, 
and  but  one  special  tax  shall  be  imposed  for 
exhibitions  within  any  one  state,   territory  or 
district. 

(7)  Proprietors  or  agents  of  all  other  pub- 
lic exhibitions  or   shows   for   money    not   enu- 
merated  in   this   section   shall   pay   $15:     Pro- 
vided,   That    a   special   tax   paid   in   one   state, 
territory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia  shall  not 
exempt    exhibitions    from    the    tax    in    another 
state,    territory,    or    the   District    of   Columbia, 
and  but  one  special  tax  shall  be  required  for 
exhibitions  within   nny   one   state,    territory   or 
the    District    of    Columbia:     Provided    further. 
That  this  paragraph  shall  not  apply  to  chau- 
tauquas,    lecture    lyreums.    agricultural    or    in- 
dustrial   fairs,    or   exhibitions    held    under    the 
auspices    of    religious    or    charitable    associa- 
tions:   Provided  further,    That    an  aggregation 


of  entertainments,  known  as  a  street  fair, 
shall  not  pay  a  larger  tax  than  $100  in  any, 
state,  territory  or  in  the  District  of  Columbia 

(8)  Proprietors    of    bowling    alleys    and    bil- 
liard rooms  shall   pay   $10    for  each   alley   or 
table.      Every  building   or  place  where   bo  wig 
are   thrown   or    where    games    of    billiards    or 
pool    are    played,    except    in    private    homes, 
shall    be   regarded    as    a   bowling    alley    or    a 
billiard  room,   respectively. 

(9)  Proprietors    of    shboting-    galleries    shall 
pay  $20.     Every  building,   space,  tent  or  area 
where  a  charge  is  made  for  the  discharge  of 
firearms   at    any   form   of   target   shall   be   re- 
garded as   a  shooting-  gallery. 

(10)  Proprietors   of    riding    academies    shall 
pay    $100.       Every    building,    space,    tent    or 
area   where   a   charge  is  made  for  instruction 
in  horsemanship  or  for  facilities  for  the  prac- 
tice of  horsemanship  shall   be   regarded   as    a 
riding  academy. 

(11)  Persons    carrying-    on    the    business    of 
operating-    or    renting-    passenger    automobiles 
for  hire   shall   pay  $10   for  each   such    auto- 
mobile   having-    a    seating-    capacity    of    more 
than  two  and  not   more  than  seven,   and  $20 
for   each    such    automobile    having-    a    seating 
capacity  of  more  than  seven. 

(12)  Every  person  carrying-  on  the  business 

of  a  brewer,  distiller,  wholesale  liquor  dealer,  / 
retail  liquor  dealer,  wholesale  dealer  in  malt 
liquor,  retail  dealer  in  malt  liquor,  or  manu- 
facturer of  stills,  as  defined  in  section  3244 
as  amended  and  section  3247  of  the  revised 
statutes,  in  any  state,  territory  or  district  of 
the  United  States  contrary  to  the  laws  of 
such  state,  territory  or  district,  or  in  any 
place  therein  in  which  carrying-  on  such  busi- 
ness is  prohibited  by  local  or  municipal  law, 
shall  pay,  in  addition  to  all  other  taxes,  spe- 
cial or  otherwise,  imposed  by  existing-  law  or 
by  this  act.  $1,000. 

The  payment  of  the  tax  imposed  by  this 
subdivision  shall  not  be  held  to  exempt  any 
person  from  any  penalty  or  punishment  pro- 
vided for  by  the  laws  of  any  state,  territory 
or  district  for  carrying-  on  such  business  in 
euch  state,  territory  or  district,  or  in  any 
manner  to  authorize  the  commencement  or 
continuance  of  such  business  contrary  to  the 
la.ws  of  such  state,  territory  or  district,  or 
in  places  prohibited  by  local  or  municipal 
law. 

The  taxes  imposed  by  this  section  shall,  in 
the  case  of  persons  upon  whom  a  correspond- 
ing tax  is  imposed  by  section  407  of  the 
revenue  act  of  1916.  be  in  lieu  of  such  tax. 

Sec.  1002.  That  on  and  after'  Jan.  1,  1919, 
there  shall  be  levied,  collected  and  paid  an- 
nually, in  lieu  of  the  taxes  imposed  by  sec- 
tion 408  of  the  revenue  act  of  1916,  the 
following-  special  taxes,  the  amount  of  such 
taxes  to  be  computed  on  the  basis  of  the  sales 
for  the  preceding  year  ending-  June  30— 

Manufacturers  of  tobacco  whose  annual  sales 
do  not  exceed  60,000  pounds  shall  each  pay 

Manufacturers  of  tobacco  whose  annual  sales 
exceed  50,000  and  do  not  exceed  100,000 
pounds  shall  each  pay  $12: 

Manufacturers  of  tobacco  whose  annual  sales 
exceed  100.000  and  do  not  exceed  200.000 
pounds  shall  each  pay  $24: 

Manufacturers  of  tobacco  whose  annual  saleg 
exceed  200,000  pounds  shall  each  pay  $24. 
and  at  the  rate  of  16  cents  per  1,000  pounds, 
or  fraction  thereof,  in  respect  to  the  excess 
over  200.000  pounds; 

Manufacturers  of  cigars  whose  annual  sales 
do  not  exceed  50,000  cigrars  shall  each  pay  $4; 

Manufacturers  of  cipars  whose  annual  sales 
exceed  50.000  and  do  not  exceed  100.00* 
cigars  shall  each  pay  $6: 

Manufacturers  of  cigars  whose  annual  sales 
exceed  100,000  and  do  not  exceed  200,000 
cigrars  shall  each  pay  $12: 

Manufacturers   of  cigars   whose  annual  sales 


72 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


exceed  200.000  and  do  not  exceed  400,000 
cigars  shall  each  pay  $24; 

Manufacturers  of  cig-ars  whose  annual  sales 
exceed  400,000  cig-ars  shall  each  pay  $24, 
and  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  per  1,000  cig-ars, 
or  fraction  thereof,  in  respect  to  the  excess 
over  400,000  cig-ars; 

Manufacturers  of  cig-arettes,  including-  small 
cigars,  weighing1  not  more  than  three  pounds 

rr  thousand  shall  each  pay  at  the  rate  of 
cents  for  every  10,000  cigarettes,  or  frac- 
tion thereof. 

In  arriving-  at  the  amount  of  special  tax  to 
be  paid  under  this  section,  and  in  the  levy 
and  collection  of  such  tax,  each  person  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  more  than  one 
of  the  classes  of  articles  specified  in  this 
section  shall  be  considered  and  deemed  a  man- 
ufacturer of  each  class  separately. 

Sec.  1003.  That  sixty  days  after  the  pass- 
age of  this  act.  and  thereafter  on  July  1  in 
each  year,  and  also  at  the  time  of  the  orig- 
inal purchase  of  a  new  boat  by  a  user,  if  on 
any  other  date  than  July  1.  there  shall  be 
levied,  assessed,  collected  and  paid  in  lieu  of 
the  tax  imposed  by  section  603  of  the  revenue 
act  of  1917.  upon  the  use  of  yachts,  pleasure 
boats,  power  boats  and  sailing-  boats  of  over 
five  net  tons,  and  motor  boats  with  fixed  en- 
gines not  used  exclusively  for  trade,  fishing  or 
national  defense,  or  not  built  according  to 
plans  and  specifications  approved  by  the  navy 
department,  a  special  excise  tax  to  be  based 
on  each  yacht  or  boat,  at  rates  as  follows: 
Yachts,  pleasure  boats,  power  boats,  motor 
boats  with  fixed  engines,  and  sailing  boats, 
of  over  5  net  tons,  length  not  over  50  feet, 
$1  for  each  foot:  length  over  50  feet  and  not 
over  100  feet.  $2  for  each  foot:  length  over 
/  100  feet.  $4  for  each  foot:  motor  boats  of 

not  over  five  net  tons  with  fixed  engines,  $10. 

In  determining  the  length  of  such  yachts, 
pleasure  boats,  power  boats,  motor  boats  with 
fixed  engines,  and  sailing  boats,  the  measure- 
menj  of  over-all  length  shall  govern. 

In  the  case  of  a  tax  imposed  at  the  time 
of  the  original  purchase  of  a  new  boat  on  any 
other  date  than  July  1,  and  in  the  case  of 
the  tax  taking  effect  sixty  days  after  the  pass- 
age of  this  act.  the  amount  to  be  paid  shall 
be  the  same  number  of  twelfths  of  the  amount 
of  the  tax  as  the  number  of  calendar  months 
-(including  the  month  of  sale  or  the  month 
in  which  is  included  the  sixty-first  day  after 
the  passage  of  this  act.  as  the  case  may  be) 
remaining  prior  to  the  following  July  1. 

If  the  tax  imposed  by  section  603  of  the 
revenue  act  of  1917,  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  30.  1919,  has  been  paid  in  respect 
to  the  use  of  any  boat,  the  amount  so  paid 
shall  under  such  regulations  as  the  commis- 
sioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary. 
may  prescribe,  be  credited  upon  the  first  tax 
due  under  this  section  in  respect  to  the  use 
of  such  boat,  or  be  refunded  to  the  person 
paying  the  first  tax  imposed  by  this  section 
in  respect  to  the  use  of  such  boat. 

Sec.  1004.  That  if  the  tax  imposed  by  sec- 
tion 407  or  408  of  the  revenue  act  of  1916, 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30.  1919,  has 
been  paid  by  any  person  subject  to  the  cor- 
responding tax  imposed  by  this  title,  collectors 
may  issue  a  receipt  in  lieu  of  special  tax 
stamp  for  the  amount  by  which  the  tax  under 
this  title  is  in  excess  of  that  paid  or  payable 
and  evidenced  by  stamp  under  the  revenue 
act  of  1916.  Such  receipt  shMl  be  posted  as 
the  case  of  the  special  tax  stamp,  as  provided 
by  law.  and  with  it,  within  the  place  of 
business  of  the  taxpayer. 

If  the  corresponding  tax  imnosed  by  section 
407  of  the  revenue  act  of  1916  was  not  pay- 
able by  stamp,  the  amount  paid  under  such 
section  for  any  period  for  which  a  tax  is  also 


imposed  by  this  title  may  be  credited  against 
the  tax  imposed  by  this  title. 

Sec.  1005.  That  any  person  who  carries  on 
any  business  or  occupation  for  which  a  spe- 
cial tax  is  imposed  by  sections  1000,  1001  or 
1002,  without  having  paid  the  special  tax 
therein  provided.  shalL  besides  being  liable  for 
the  payment  of  such  special  tax.  be  subject  to 
a  penalty  of  not  more  than  $1,000  or  to 
imprisonment  for  not  more  than  one  year, 
or  both. 

Sec.  1006.  That  section  1  of  the  act  of 
congress  approved  Dec.  17,  1914.  is  hereby 
amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"Section  1.  That  on  or  before  July  1  of 
each  year  every  person  who  imports,  manufac- 
tures, produces,  compounds,  sells,  deals  in, 
dispenses  or  gives  away  opium  or  coca  leaves, 
or  any  compound,  manufacture,  salt,  deriva- 
tive or  preparation  thereof,  shall  register  with 
the  collector  of  internal  revenue  of  the  district 
his  name  or  style,  place  of  business  and  place 
or  places  where  such  business  is  to  be  carried 
on,  and  pay  the  special  taxes  hereinafter 
provided; 

"Every  person  who  on  Jan.  1,  1919,  is  en- 
gaged in  any  of  the  activities  above  enumerat- 
ed, or  who  between  such  date  and  the  passage 
of  this  act  first  engages  in  any  of  such 
activities,  shall  within  30  days  after  the  pas- 
sage of  this  act  make  like  registration,  and 
shall  pay  the  proportionate  part  of  the  tax 
for  the  period  ending  June  30,  1919;  and 

"Every  person  who  first  engages  in  any  of 
such  activities  after  the  passage  of  this  act 
shall  immediately  make  like  registration  and 
pay  the  proportionate  part  of  the  tax  for  the 
period  ending  on  the  following  June  30th; 

"Importers,  manufacturers,  producers,  or 
compounders,  $24  per  annum;  wholesale  deal- 
ers, $12  per  annum;  retail  dealers,  $6  per 
annum;  physicians,  dentists,  veterinary  sur- 
geons, and  other  practitioners  lawfully  entitled 
to  distribute,  dispense,  give  away  or  admin- 
ister any  of  the  aforesaid  drugs  to  patients 
upon  whom  they  in  the  course  of  their  pro- 
fessional practice  are  in  attendance,  shall  pay 
$3  per  annum. 

"Every  person  who  imports,  manufactures, 
compounds  or  otherwise  produces  for  sale 
or  distribution  any  of  the  aforesaid  drugs 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  an  importer,  manufac- 
turer or  producer. 

"Every  person  who  sells  or  offers  for  sale 
any  of  said  drugs  in  the  original  stamped 
packages,  as  hereinafter  provided,  shall  be 
deemed  a  wholesale  dealer. 

"Every  person  who  sells  or  dispenses  from 
original  stamped  packages,  as  hereinafter  pro- 
vided, shall  be  deemed  a  retail  dealer:  Pro- 
vided, That  the  office,  or  if  none,  the  resi- 
dence, of  any  person  shall  be  considered  for 
the  purpose  of  this  act  his  place  of  business; 
but  no  employe  of  any  person  who  has 
registered  and  paid  special  tax  as  herein  re- 
quired, acting  within  the  scope  of  his  em- 
ployment, shall  be  required  to  register 
and  pay  special  tax  provided  by  this  sec- 
tion: Provided  further,  That  officials  of 
the  United  States,  territorial,  District  of 
Columbia,  or  insular  possessions,  state 
or  municipal  governments,  who  in  the  ex- 
ercise of  their  official  duties  engage  in  any  of 
the  businesses  herein  described,  shall  not  be 
required  to  register,  nor  pay  special  tax,  nor 
stamp  the  aforesaid  drugs  as  hereinafter  pre- 
scribed, but  their  right  to  this  exemption 
shall  be  evidenced  in  such  manner  as  the 
Commissioner  of  internal  revenue,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury, 
may  by  regulations  prescribe. 

"It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  re- 
quired to  register  under  the  provisions  of  this 
act  to  import,  manufacture,  produce,  com- 
pound, sell,  deal  in.  dispense,  distribute,  ad- 
minister, or  give  away  any  of  the  aforesaid 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


73 


drugs  without  having-  registered  and  paid  the 
special  tax  as  imposed  by  this  section. 

"That  the  word  'person'  as  used  in  this 
act  shall  be  construed  to  mean  and  include 
a  partnership,  association,  company,  or  cor- 
poration, as  well  as  a  natural  person;  and  all 
provisions  of  existing-  law  relating-  to  special 
taxes,  as  far  as  necessary,  are  hereby  ex- 
tended and  made  applicable  to  this  section. 

"That  there  shall  be  levied,  assessed,  col- 
lected, and  paid  upon  opium,  coca  leaves,  any 
compound,  salt,  derivative,  or  preparation 
thereof,  produced  in  or  imported  into  the 
United  States,  and  sold,  or  removed  lor  con- 
sumption or  sale,  an  internal  revenue  tax  at 
the  rate  of  1  cent  per  ounce,  and  any  fraction 
of  an  ounce  in  a  package  shall  be  taxed  as 
an  ounce,  such  tax  to  be  paid  by  the  im- 
porter, manufacturer,  producer  or  compounder 
thereof,  and  to  be  represented  by  appropriate 
stamps,  to  be  provided  by  the  commissioner 
of  internal  revenue,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury;  and  the  stamps 
herein  provided  shall  be  so  affixed  to  the  bot- 
tle or  other  container  as  to  securely  seal  the 
stopper,  covering-,  or  wrapper  thereof. 

"The  tax  imposed  by  this  section  shall  be 
in  addition  to  any  import  duty  imposed  on  the 
aforesaid  drugs. 

"It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  pur- 
chase, sell,  dispense,  or  distribute  any  of  the 
aforesaid  druars  except  in  the  original  stamped 
package  or  from  the  original  stamped  pack- 
age: and  the  absence  of  appropriate  tax-paid 
stamps  from  any  of  the  aforesaid  drugs  shall 
be  prima  facie  evidence  of  a  violation  of  this 
section  by  the  person  in  whose  possession 
same  may  be  found;  and  the  possession  of  any 
original  stamped  package  containing  any  of 
the  aforesaid  drugs  by  any  person  who  has  not 
registered  and  paid  special  taxes  as  required  by 
this  section  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  of 
liability  to  such  special  tax:  Provided.  That 
the  provisions  of  this  paragraph  shall  not 
apply  to  any  person  having  in  his  or  her 
possession  any  of  the  aforesaid  drugs  which 
have  been  obtained  from  a  registered  dealer  in 
pursuance  of  a  prescription,  written  for  legit- 
imate medical  uses,  issued  by  a  physician, 
dentist,  veterinary  surgeon,  or  other  prac- 
titioner registered  under  this  act;  and  where 
the  bottle  or  other  container  in  which  such 
drug  may  be  put  up  by  the  dealer  upon  said 
prescription  bears  the  name  and  registry  num- 
ber of  the  druggist,  serial  number  of  pre- 
scription, name  and  address  of  the  pa- 
tient, and  name.  address  and  registry 
number  of  the  person  writing  said  prescrip- 
tion: or  to  the  dispensing,  or  administration, 
or  giving  away  of  any  of  the  aforesaid  drugs 
to  a  patient  by  a  registered  physician,  dentist, 
veterinary  surgeon,  or  other  practitioner  in 
the  course  of  his  professional  practice,  and 
where  said  drugs  are  dispensed  or  administered 
to  the  patient  for  legitimate  medical  purposes, 
and  the  record  kept  as  required  by  this  act 
of  the  drugs  so  dispensed,  administered,  dis- 
tributed, or  given  away. 

"And  all  the  provisions  of  existing  laws 
relating  to  the  engraving,  issuance,  sale, 
accountability,  cancellation,  and  destruction 
of  tax-paid  stamps  provided  for  in  the  internal 
revenue  laws  are.  in  so  far  as  necessary, 
hereby  extended  and  made  to  apply  to  stamps 
provided  by  this  section. 

"That  all  unstamped  packages  of  the  afore- 
said drugs  found  in  the  possession  of  any 
person,  except  as  herein  provided,  shall  be 
subject  to  seizure  and  forfeiture,  and  all  the 
provisions  of  existing  internal  revenue  laws 
relating  to  searches,  seizures,  and  forfeitures 
of  unstamped  articles  are  hereby  extended  to 
and  made  to  apply  to  the  articles  taxed  under 
this  act  and  the  persons  upon  whom  these 
taxes  are  imposed. 

"Importers,     manufacturers,     and     wholesale 


dealers  shall  keep  such  books  and  records  and 
render  such  monthly  returns  in  relation  to 
the  transactions  in  the  aforesaid  drugs  as  the 
commissioner  of  internal  revenue  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  may 
by  regulations  require. 

"The  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  with 
the  approval  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury 
shall  make  all  needful  rules  and  regulations 
for  carrying  the  provisions  of  this  act  into 
effect." 

Sec.  1007.  That  section  6  of  &-uch  act  of 
Dec.  7.  1914.  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as 
follows: 

"Sec.  6.  That  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall  not  be  construed  to  apply  to  the  manu- 
facture, sale,  distribution,  giving  away  dis- 
pensing, or  possession  of  preparations  and 
remedies  which  do  not  contain  more  than 
two  grains  of  opium,  or  more  than  one-fourth 
|  of  a  grain  of  morphine,  or  more  than  one- 
eighth  of  a  grain  of  heroin,  or  more  than  one 
grain  of  codeine,  or  any  salt  or  derivative  of 
any  of  them  in  one  fluid  ounce,  or,  if  a  solid 
or  semisolid  preparation,  in  one  avoirdupois 
ounce:  or  to  liniments,  ointments,  or  other 
preparations  which  are  prepared  for  external 
use  only,  except  liniments,  ointments,  and 
other  preparations  which  contain  cocaine  or 
any  of  its  salts  or  alpha  or  beta  eucaine  or 
any  of  their  salts  or  any  synthetic  substitute 
for  them:  Provided,  That  such  remedies  and 
preparations  are  manufactured,  sold  distrib- 
uted, given  away,  dispensed,  or  possessed  as 
medicines  and  not  for  the  purpose  of  evading 
the  intentions  and  provisions  of  this  act- 
Provided  further.  That  any  manufacturer, 
producer,  compounder,  or  vender  (including 
dispensing  physicians)  of  the  preparations  and 
remedies  mentioned  in  this  section  shall  keep 
a  record  of  all  sales,  exchanges  or  gifts  of 
such  preparations  and  remedies  in  such  man- 
ner as  the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue, 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  shall  direct.  Such  record  shall  be 
preserved  for  a  period  of  two  years  in  such 
a  way  as  to  be  readily  accessible  to  inspec- 
tion by  any  officer,  agent  or  employe  of  the 
treasury  department  duly  authorized  for  that 
purpose,  and  the  state,  territorial,  district, 
municipal,  and  insular  officers  named  in  sec- 
tion 5  of  this  act.  and  every  such  person  so 
possessing  or  disposing  of  such  preparations 
and  remedies  shall  register  as  required  in  sec- 
tion 1  of  this  act  and,  if  he  is  not  paying  a 
tax  under  this  act,  he  shall  pay  a  special  tax 
of  §1  for  each  year,  or  fractional  part  there- 
of, in  which  he  is  engaged  in  such  occupation, 
to  the  collector  of  internal  revenue  of  the 
district  in  which  he  carries  on  such  occupation 
as  provided  in  this  act.  The  provisions  of 
this  act  as  amended  shall  not  apply  to 
decocainized  coca  le?ves  or  preparations  made 
therefrom,  or  to  other  preparations  of  coca 
leaves  which  do  not  contain  cocaine." 

Sec.  1008.  That  all  opium,  its  salts,  deriv- 
atives, and  compounds,  and  coca  leaves,  salts, 
derivatives,  and  compounds  thereof,  which  may 
now  be  under  seizure  or  which  may  hereafter 
be  seized  by  the  United  States  government 
from  any  person  or  persons  charged  with  any 
violation  of  the  act  of  Oct.  1,  1890.  as 
pmend«d  by  the  acts  of  March  3.  1897.  Feb. 
9,  1909.  and  Jan.  17,  1914.  or  the  act  of 
Dec.  17,  1914,  shpll  upon  conviction  of  the 
person  or  persons  f^om  whom  spiz°d  be  confis- 
cated by  and  forfeited  to  the  United  States; 
and  the  secretary  is  hereby  authorized  to 
deliver  for  mr-dic-il  or  scientific  purposes  to  any 
department,  bureau,  or  other  agency  of  the 
United  States  government,  upon  proper  applica- 
tion therefor  under  such  regulation  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  the  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  any  of  the  drugs 


74 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


so    seized,    confiscated,    and    forfeited    to    the 
United  States. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  also 
apply  to  any  of  the  aforesaid  drills  seized  or 
cominsr  into  the  possession  of  the 'United  States 
in  the  enforcement  of  any  of  the  above-men- 
tioned acts  where  the  owner  or  owners  thereof 
are  unknown.  None  of  the  aforesaid  drug's 
coming1  into  possession  of  the  United  States 
under  the  operation  of  said  acts,  or  the 
provisions  of  this  section,  shall  be  destroyed 
without  certification  by  a  committee  appointee 
by  the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  that  they  are  of  no  value  for 
medical  or  scientific  purposes. 

Sec.  1009.  That  the  act  approved  Oct.  2 
1914.  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  internal 
revenue,  and  for  other  purposes."  and  the 
joint  resolution  approved  Dec.  17,  1915, 
entitled  "Joint  resolution  extending-  the  pro- 
visions of  the  act  entitled  'An  act  to  increase 
the  internal  revenue,  and  for  other  purposes, 
approved  Oct.  22.  1914,  to  Dec.  31.  1916."  are 
hereby  repealed,  except  that  the  provisions  of 
such  act  shall  remain  in  force  for  the  assess- 
ment and  collection  of  all  special  taxes  im 
posed  by  sections  3  and  4  thereof,  or  by  such 
sections  as  extended  by  such  joint  resolution, 
for  any  year  or  part  thereof  ending1  prior  to 
Jan.  1.  1917,  and  of  all  other  taxes  imposed 
by  such  act.  or  by  such  act  as  so  extended, 
accrued  prior  to  Sept.  8,  1916.  and  for  the 
imposition  and  collection  of  all  penalties  or 
forfeitures  which  have  accnied  or  may  accrue 
in  relation  to  any  of  such  taxes. 

TITLE  XI.— STAMP  TAXES. 

Sec.  1100.  That  on  and  after  April  1,  1919, 
there  shall  be  levied,  collected,  and  paid,  for 
and  in  respect  of  the  several  bonds,  deben- 
tures, or  certificates  of  stock  and  of  indebt- 
edness, and  other  documents,  instruments, 
matters,  and  things  mentioned  and  described 
in  schedule  A  of  this  title,  or  for  or  in  respect 
of  the  vellum,  parchment,  or  paper  ,upon  which 
Buch  instruments,  matters,  or  things,  or  any 
of  them,  are  written  or  printed,  by  any  per- 
son who  makes,  signs,  issues,  sells,  removes, 
consigns,  or  ships  the  same,  or  for  whose  use 
or  benefit  the  same  are  made,  signed,  issued, 
sold,  removed,  consigned,  or  shipped,  the 
several  taxes  specified  in  such  schedule.  The 
taxes  imposed  by  this  section  shall,  in  the 
case  of  any  article  upon  which  a  corresponding 
stamp  tax  is  now  imposed  by  law,  be  in  lieu 
of  such  tax. 

Sec.  1101.  That  there  shall  not  be  taxed 
undsr  this  title  any  bond,  note,  or  other 
instrument,  issued  ty  the  United  States,  or  by 
any  foreign  government,  or  by  any  state, 
territory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  local 
subdivision  thereof,  or  municipal  or  other 
corporation  exercising  the  taxing  power;  or 
any  bond  of  indemnity  required  to  be  filed 
by  any  person  to  secure  payment  of  any 
pension,  allowance,  allotment,  relief,  or  insur- 
ance by  the  United  States;  or  stocks  and  bonds 
issued  by  co-operative  building  and  loan  asso- 
ciations which  are  organized  and  operated 
exclusively  for  the  benefit  of  their  members 
and  make  loans  only  to  their  shareholders,  or 
by  mutual  ditch  or  irrigating  companies. 

See.    1102.  That    whoever— 

(a)  Makes,     signs,     issues,     or     accepts,     or 
causes  to  be  made,  signed,  issued,  or  accepted, 
any    instrument,    document,    or    paper    of    any 
kind    or    description    whatsoever    without    the 
full   amount    of   tnx   thereon   being   duly   paid; 

(b)  Consigns  or  ships,   or  causes  to  be  con- 
signed or   shipped,   by   parcel  post   any  parcel, 
package,  or  article  without  the  full  amount  of 
tax   beins:    duly   paid; 

(c)  Manufactures    or    imports    and    sells,    or 
Bffers   for  sale,   or  causes  to  be  manufactured 
or  imported  and  sold,   or  offered  for  sale,  any 
playing  cards,   package,    or  other  article  with- 


out the  full   amount   of  tax  being  duly   paid; 

(d)  Makes  use  of  any  adhesive  stamp  to 
denote  any  tax  imposed  by  this  title  without 
canceling  or  obliterating  such  stamp  as  pre- 
scribed in  section  1104; 

Is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  upon  con- 
viction thereof  shall  pay  a  fine  of  not  more 
than  $100  for  each  offense. 

Sec.    1103.  That    whoever— 

(a)  Fraudulently    cuts,     tears,     or    removes 
from    any    vellum,    parchment,    paper,    instru- 
ment, writing,  package,  or  article,  upon  which 
any  tax  is  imposed  by  this  title,  any  adhesive 
stamp    or    the    impression   of    any    stamp     die. 
plate,  or  other  article  provided,  made    or  used 
in   pursuance   of   this  title; 

(b)  Fraudulently  uses,  joins,  fixes,  or  places 
to.    with,     or    upon    any    vellum,    parchment 
paper,  instrument,  writing,  package,  or  article 
upon  which  any  tax  is  imposed  by   this  title! 
(1)   any  adhesive  stamp,  or  the  impression  of 
any  stamp,  die,   plate,   or  other  article,    which 
has    been    cut,    torn,    or    removed    from    any 
other    vellum,    parchment,    paper,    instrument 
writing,    package,   or   article,    upon   which   any 
tax  is  imposed   by  this  title;   or    (2)    any  ad- 
hesive stamp  or  the  impression  of  any  stamp 
die      plate,     or    other     article     of     insufficient 
value;  or  (3)   any  forged  or  counterfeit  stamp, 
or   the   impression   of   any   forged   or   counter- 
feited stamp    die.   plate   or  other  article; 

(c)  Willfully    removes,     or    alters    the    can- 
ellation,    or  defacing  marks   of,    or   otherwise 

prepares,  any  adhesive  stamp,  with  intent  to 
use,  or  cause  the  same  to  be  used,  after  it 
has  been  already  used,  or  knowingly  or  will- 
fully buys,  sells,  offers  for  sale  or  gives 
away,  any  such  washed  or  restored  stamp  to 
any  person  for  use,  or  knowingly  uses  the 


/Au',_  Knowingly  and  without  lawful  excuse 
(the  burden  of  proof  of  such  excuse  being  on 
the  accused)  has  in  possession  any  washed 
restored,  or  altered  stamp,  which  has  been 
removed  from  any  vellum,  parchment,  paper, 
instrument,  writing,  package,  or  article- 

.Is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  con- 
viction shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more 
than  $1.000.  or  by  imprisonment  for  not  more 
than  five  years,  or  both,  and  any  such  reused 
canceled,  or  counterfeit  stamp  and  the  vellum' 
parchment,  document,  paper,  package,  or 
article  upon  whlch  it  is  placed  or  impressed 
shall  be  forfeited  to  the  United  States 

Sec.  1104.  That  whenever  an  adhesive  stamp 
is  used  for  denoting  any  tax  imposed  by  this 
title,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  the  per- 
son using  or  affixing  the  same  shall  write 
or  stamp  or  cause  to  be  written  or  stamped 
thereupon  the  initials  of  his  or  its  name  and 
the  date  upon  which  the  same  is  attached  or 
used,  so  that  the  same  may  not  again  be 
used.  Provided.  That  the  commissioner  may 
prescribe  such  other  method  for  the  cancella- 
tion of  such  stamps  as  he  may  deem  expedient 
Sec.  llOo.  (a)  That  the  commissioner  shall 
cause  to  be  prepared  and  distributed  for  the 
payment  of  the  taxes  prescribed  in  this  title 
suitable  stamps  denoting  the  IPX  on  the  docu- 
ment articles,  or  thing  to  which  the  same  may 
be  affixed^  and  shall  prescribe  such  method 
lor  me  affixing  of  said  stamps  in  substitution 
for  or  in  addition  to  the  method  provided  in 
this  title,  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 

(b)  The  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of 
he   secretary,  is  authorized  to  procure  any  of 

the  stamps  provided  for  in  this  title  by  con- 
ract  whenever  such  stamps  cannot  be  speedily 
prepared  by  the  bureau  of  engraving  and  print- 
^ne\r^i  this  authority  shall  expire  on  Jan. 
1.  1920,  except  as  to  imprinted  stamps  fur- 
nished under  contract,  authorized  by  the 
commissioner. 

(c)  All    internal    revenue    laws    relating    to 
che    assessment    and    collection    of    taxes    are 
lereby   extended  to   and    made   a   part   of  this 

title,   so  far  as  applicable,  for  the  purpose  of 


ALMANAC  AND    rfiAK-BUUK   *  OK 


collecting'  stamp  taxes  omitted  through  mis- 
take or  fraud  from  any  instrument,  document, 
paper,  writing',  parcel,  package,  or  article 
named  herein. 

Sec.  1106.  That  the  commissioner  shall  fur- 
nish to  the  postmaster-general  without  pre- 
payment a  suitable  quantity  of  adhesive 
stamps  to  be  distributed  to  and  kept  on  sale 
by  the  various  postmasters  in  the  United 
States.  The  postmaster-general  may  require 
each  such  postmaster  to  give  additional  or 
increased  bond  as  postmaster  for  the  value  of 
the  stamps  so  furnished,  and  each  such  post- 
master shall  deposit  the  receipts  from  the  sale 
of  such  stamps  to  the  credit  of  and  render 
accounts  to  the  postmaster-general  at  such 
times  and  in  such  form  as  he  may  by  regu- 
lations prescribe.  The  postmaster-general  shall 
at  least  once  monthly  transfer  all  collections 
from  this  source  to  the  treasury  as  internal 
revenue  collections. 

Sec.  1107.  That  the  collectors  of  the  sev- 
eral districts  shall  furnish  without  prepay- 
ment to  any  assistant  treasurer  or  designated 
depositary  of  the  United  States  located  in 
their  respective  collection  districts  a  suitable 
quantity  of  adhesive  stamps  for  sale.  In  such 
cases  the  collector  may  require  a  bond,  with 
sufficient  sureties,  to  an  amount  equal  to  the 
value  of  the  adhesive  stamps  so  furnished, 
conditioned  for  the  faithful  return,  whenever 
39  required,  of  all  quantities  or  amounts  un- 
disposed of,  and  for  the  payment  monthly  of 
all  quantities  or  amounts  sold  or  not  remain- 
ing on  hand.  The  secretary  may  from  time 
to  time  make  such  regulations  as  he  may  find 
necessary  to  insure  the  safekeeping-  or  prevent 
the  illegal  use  of  all  such  adhesive  stamps. 
Schedule  A. — Stamp  T.axes. 

1.  Bonds    of    indebtedness:      On     all    bonds, 
debentures    or    certificates    of    indebtedness   is- 
sued by  any  person,  and  all  instruments,  how- 
ever  termed,    issued   by   any   corporation    with 
interest   coupons  or  in  registered  form,  known 
generally  as  corporate  securities,  on  each  $100 
of    face    value    or    fraction    thereof.    5  'cents: 
Provided,  That  every  renewal  of  the  foregoing- 
shall  be  taxed   as   a  new  issue:   Provided  fur- 
ther.   That    when   a   bond    conditioned    for   the 
repayment  or  payment  of  money  is  given  in  a 
penal   sum  greater  than  the  deb*   secured,  the 
tax  shall  be  based  upon  the   amount  secured. 

2.  Bonds,     indemnity     and     surety:      On     all 
bonds    executed    for    indemnifying    any    person 
who   shall  have  become  bound   or  engaged   as 
surety,   and  on  all  bonds  executed  for  the  due 
execution  or  performance  of  any  contract,  ob- 
ligation or  requirement,    or  the  duties   of   any 
office   or   position,    and   to   account    for   money 
received  by  virtue  thereof,   and  on  all  policies 
of    guaranty   and    fidelity    insurance,    including 
policies  guaranteeing   titles   to   real  estate  and 
mortgage   guaranty   policies,    and   on    all    other 
bonds  of  any  description,  made,  issued    or  ex- 
ecuted,    not    otherwise    provided    for    in    this 
schedule,    except    such    as   may  be   required    in 
legal    proceedings,    50    cents:     Provided,    That 
where  a  premium  is  charged  for  the  issuance, 
execution,     renewal     or     continuance    of    such 
bond   the  tax   shall  be  1   cent   on   each   dollar 
or    fractional    part    thereof    of    the    premium 
charged:    Provided    further.    That    policies    of 
reinsurance  shall  be  exempt  from  the  tax  im- 
posed   by   this    subdivision. 

3.  Capital    stock,    issued:  On    each    original 
issue,    whether   on   organization  or   reorganiza- 
tion, of  certificates  of  stock,  or  of  profits,  or 
of    interest    in    property    or    accumulations,    by 
any  corporation,    on  each   SI  00   of   face  value 
or    fraction    thereof,    5    cents:   Provided,    That 
where     a    certificate    is    issued     without     face 
value,   the  tax  shall  be  5  cents  per  share,  un- 
less the  actual  value  is  in  excess  of  $100  per 
share,   in  which  case  the  tax  shall  be  5  cents 
on    each    $100    of    actual    value    or    fraction 
thereof. 

The  stamps  representing  the  tax  imposed  by 


this  subdivison  shall  be  attached  to  the  stock 
books  and  not  to  the  certificates  issued. 

4.  Capital   stock,    sales   or   transfers:  On   all 
sales,    or    agreements    to    sell,    or    memoranda 
of  sales  or  deliveries  of,   or  transfers  of  legal 
title   to    shares   or   certificates   of    stock    or   of 
profits  or   of  interest   in  property  or   accumu- 
lations   in    any    corporation,    or    to    rights    to 
subscribe    for    or    to    receive    such    shares    or 
certificates,   whether  made  upon  or  shown  by 
the   books   of  the  corporation,    or   by   any   as- 
signment in  blank,   or  by  any  delivery,  or  by 
any    paper    or    agreement    or    memorandum    or 
other    evidence    of    transfer    or    sale,    whether 
entitling    the    holder    in    any    manner    to    the 
benefit    of   such    stock,    interest,    or   rights,    or 
not,    on  each  $100   of   face  value  or   fraction 
thereof,    2    cents,    and   where   such   shares    are 
without   par   or    face   value,   the  tax   shall-  be 
2   cents  on  the  transfer  or  sale  or   agreement 
to  sell  on  each  share,  unless  the  actual  value 
thereof    is    in    excess    of    $100    per    share,    in 
which  case  the   tax   shall  be  2   cents  on   each 
$100     of    actual    value    or    fraction    thereof: 
Provided.  That  it  is  not  intended  by  this  title 
to  impose  a  tax  upon  an  agreement  evidencing: 
a  deposit    of  certificates   as  collateral   security 
for   money    loaned   thereon,    which    certificates 
are    not    actually    sold,    nor   upon   the   delivery 
or  transfer  for  such  purpose  of  certificates  so 
deposited:  Provided  further.  That  the  tax  shall 
not  be  imposed  upon  deliveries  or  transfers  to 
a    broker    for    sale,     nor    upon    deliveries    or 
transfers  by  a  broker  to  a  customer  for  whom 
and  upon  whose  order  he  has  purchased  same, 
but    such   deliveries   or   transfers    shall    be    ac- 
companied   by    a    certificate    setting   forth    the 
facts:    Provided  further.  That  in  case  of  sale 
where  the  evidence  of  transfer  is  shown  only 
by   the    books    of    the    corporation   the    stamp 
shall  be  placed  upon   such  books;   and   where 
the  change  of  ownership  is  t>y  transfer  of  the 
certificate  the  stamp  shall  be  placed  upon  the 
certificate;    and  in   cases   of   an   agreement   to 
sell    or   where   the   transfer    is   by   delivery   ol 
the    certificate    assigned    in    blank    there    shall 
be    made   and    delivered   by    the    seller    to    the 
buyer  a  bill  or  memorandum  of  such  sale,  to 
which   the   stamp    shall   be   affixed;    and   every 
bill  or  memorandum  of   sale  or   agreement   to 
sell    before    mentioned    shall    show    the    date 
thereof,  the  name  of  the  seller,  the  amount  of 
the  sale,   and  tlie  matter  or  thing  to  which  it 
refers.     Any   person   liable    to  pay  the   tax   as 
herein  provided,   or  any  one  who   acts  in   the 
matter    as    agent    or    broker    for   such    person, 
who    makes    any    such    sale,    or    who    in    pur- 
suance  of    any    such   sa^   delivers    any   certifi- 
cate   or    evidence    of    the    sale    of    any    stock, 
interest  or  right,  or  bill  or  memorandum  there- 
of,    as    herein    required,    without    haying-    the 
proper    stamps    affixed   thereto    with    intent    to 
evade     the     foregoing     provisions,      shall     be 
deemed    guilty    of    a    misdemeanor,    and    upon 
conviction  thereof  shall  pay  a  fine  of  not  ex- 
ceeding   $1,000.    or    be    imprisoned    not    more 
than  six  months,   or  both. 

5.  Produce,    sales    of.    on    exchange:      Upon 
each  sale,  agreement  of  sale,   or  agreement  to 
sell     (not    including-    so    called    transferred    or 
scratch    sales),    any    products    or   merchandise 
at,    or   under   the    rules   or  usage    of,    any  ex- 
change,   or   board    of    trade,    or    other   similar 
place,    for  future   delivery,    for   each    $100    in 
value  of  the  merchandise  covered  by  said  sale 
or   agreement   of   sale   or  agreement   to   sell.    2 
cents,  and  for  each  additional  $100  or  fraction- 
al   part    thereof   in    excess    of    $100.    2    cents: 
Provided,  That  on  every  sale  or  agreement  of 
sale    or   agreement    to    sell    as    aforesaid    there 
shall  be   made   and  delivered  by   the  seller  to 
the  buyer  a  bill,   memorandum,   agreement,    or 
other  evidence  of  such  sale,  agreement  of  sale, 
or  agreement  to  sell,   to  which   there  shall  be 
affixed    a    lawful    stamp    or    stamps    in    value 
equal  to  the  amount  of  the  tax  on  such  sale: 
Provided  further.   That  sellers  of  commodities 


76 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


described  herein,  having-  paid  the  tax  provided 
by  this  subdivision,  may  transfer  such  con- 
tracts to  a  clearing-house  corporation  or  asso- 
ciation, and  such  transfer  shall  not  be  deemed 
to  be  a  sale,  or  agreement  of  sale,  or  an 
agreement  to  sell  within  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  provided  that  such  transfer  shall  not 
vest  any  beneficfal  interest  in  such  clearing-- 
house association  but  shall  be  made  for  the 
sole  purpose  of  enabling-  such  clearing--house 
association  to  adjust  and  balance  the  accounts 
of  the  members  of  such  clearing--house  asso- 
ciation on  their  several  contracts.  Every  such 
bill,  memorandum,  or  other  evidence  of  sale 
or  agreement  to  sell  shall  show  the  date 
thereof,  the  -name  of  the  seller,  the  'amount 
of  the  sale,  and  the  matter  or  thing-  to  which 
it  refers;  and  any  person  liable  to  pay  the  tax 
as  herein  provided,  or  any  one  who  acts  in  the 
matter  as  ag-ent  or  broker  for  such  person, 
who  makes  any  such  sale  or  agreement  of  sale, 
or  agreement  to  sell,  or  who,  in  pursuance  of 
any  such  sale,  agreement  of  sale,  or  agreement 
to  sell,  delivers  any  such  products  of  mer- 
chandise without  a  bill,  memorandum,  or 
other  evidence  thereof  as  herein  required,  or 
who  delivers  such  bill,  memorandum,  or  other 
evidence  of  sale,  or  agreement  to  sell,  without 
Shaving1  the  proper. stamps  affixed  thereto,  with 
intent  to  evade  the  foregoing-  provisions,  shall 
l>e  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon 
conviction  thereof  shall  pay  a  fine  of  not 
exceeding  $1,000  or  be  imprisoned  not  more 
than  six  months,  or  both. 

No  bill,  memorandum,  agreement,  or  other 
evidence  of  such  sale,  or  agreement  of  sale, 
or  agreement  to  sell,  in  case  of  cash  sales  of 
products  or  merchandise  for  immediate  or 
prompt  delivery  which  in  good  faith  are 
actually  intended  to  be  delivered  shall  be 
subject  to  this  tax. 

6.  Drafts  or  checks   (payable  otherwise  than 
at  sight  or  on  demand)   upon  their  acceptance 
or  delivery  within  the  United  States  whichever 
is  prior,    promissory  notes,   except  bank  notes 
issued   for    circulation,    and    for   each    renewal 
of  the  same,  for  a  sum  not  exceeding  $100,  2 
cents:   and  for  each  additional  $100.   or  frac- 
tional part  thereof,   2  cents. 

This  subdivision  shall  not  apply  to  a  prom- 
issory note  secured  by  the  pledge  of  bonds  or 
obligations  of  the  United  States  issued  after 
April  24,  1917,  or  secured  by  the  pledge  of  a 
promissory  note  which  itself  is  secured  by  the 
pledge  of  such  bonds  or  obligations:  Provided, 
That  in  either  case  the  par  value  of  such 
bonds  or  obligations  shall  be  not  less  than 
the  amount  of  such  note. 

7.  Conveyances:     Deed,    instrument,    or   writ- 
ing,   whereby   any    lands,    tenements,    or    other 
realty   sold    shall   be    granted,    assigned,    trans- 
ferred, or  otherwise  conveyed  to,  or  vested  in, 
the  purchaser  or  purchasers,  or  any  other  per- 
son or  persons,  by  his,  her,  or  their  direction, 
when  the  consideration  or  value  of  the  interest 
or   property   conveyed,   exclusive    of   the   value 
of  any  lien  or  incumbrance  remaining  thereon 
at  the  time  of  sale,  exceeds  $100  and  does  not 
exceed  $500,  50  cents;  and  for  each  additional 
$500     or    fractional    part     thereof.     50    cents. 
This  subdivision  shall  not  apply  to  any  instru- 
ment  or  writing   given   to  secure   a  debt. 

8.  Entry  of  any  goods,  wares,  or  merchandise 
at  any  custom  hov.se,  either  for  consumption 
or  warehousing,   not  exceeding  $100  in  value, 
25    cents;    exceeding    $100    and    not    exceeding 
$500    in    value,    50    cents;    exceeding   $500    in 
value,   $1. 

9.  Entry    for  the   withdrawal   of    any   goods 
or    merchandise    from    customs    bonded    ware- 
house. 50  cents. 

10.  Passage   ticket,    one  way    or   round  trip, 
for    each    passenger,     sold    or    issued    in    the 
United  States  for  passage  by   any   vessel   to   a 
port  or  place  not  in  the  United  States,  Canada 
or   Mexico,    if   costing   not   exceeding   $30.    $1 ; 
costing  more  than  $30  and  not  exceeding  $60, 
$3:    costing    more    than    $60,    $5.      This    sub- 


division   shall    not    apply    to    passage  tickets 
costing  $10   or  less. 

11.  Proxy    for    voting    at    any    election    for 
officers    or    meeting    for    the     transaction    of 
business,  of  any  corporation,   except  religious, 
educational,    charitable,    fraternal,    or    literary 
societies,    or  public   cemeteries,    10   cents. 

12.  Power    of    attorney    granting    authority 
to  do   or  perform   some  act   for   or  in  behalf 
of  the  grantor,  which  authority  is  not  other- 
wise   vested    in    the    grantee,    25    cents.      This 
subdivision    shall    not    apply    to    any    papers 
necessary    to    be    used    for    the    collection    of 
claims    from   the   United    States    or   from    any 
state   for   pensions,   back  pay,   bounty,    or  for 
property  lost  in  the  military  or  naval  service. 
or    to    powers    of    attorney    required    in    bank- 
ruptcy  cases. 

13.  Playing  cards:  Upon  every  pack  of  play- 
ing cards  containing  not  more  than  fifty-four 
cards,    manufactured    or    imported,    and    sold, 
or  removed  for  consumption  or  sale,  a  tax  of 
8  cents  per  pack. 

14  Parcel  post  packages:  Upon*  every  parcel 
or  package  transported  from  one  point  in  the 
United  States  to  another  by  parcel  post  on 
which  the  postage  amounts  to  25  cents  or 
more,  a  tax  of  1  cent  for  each  25  cents  or 
fractional  part  thereof  charged  for  such  trans- 
portation, to  be  paid  by  the  consignor. 

No  such  parcel  or  package  shall  be  trans- 
ported until  a  stamp  or  stamps  representing 
the  tax  due  shall  have  been  affixed  thereto. 

15.  On  each  policy  of  insurance,  or  certif- 
icate, binder,  covering  note,  memorandum, 
cablegram,  letter,  or  other  instrument  By  what- 
ever name  called  whereby  insurance  is  made  or 
renewed  upon  property  within  the  United  States 
(including  rents  and  profits)  against  peril  by 
sea  or  on  inland  wa-ters  or  in  transit  on  land 
(including  transshipments  and  storage  at  ter- 
mini or  way  points)  or  by  fire,  lightning,  tor- 
nado, windstorm,  bombardment,  invasion,  in- 
surrection or  riot,  issued  to  or  for  or  in  the 
name  of  a  domestic  corporation  or  partnership 
or  an,  individual  resident  of  the  United  States 
by  any  foreign  corporation  or  partnership  or 
any  individual  not  a  resident  of  the  United 
States,  when  such  policy  or  other  instrument 
is  not  signed  or  countersigned  by  an  officer 
or  agent  of  the  insurer  in  a  state,  territory. 
or  district  of  the  United  States  within  which 
such  insurer  is  authorized  to  do  business,  a 
tax  of  3  cents  on  each  dollar,  or  fractional 
part  thereof  of  the  premium  charged:  Provided. 
That  policies  of  reinsurance  shall  be  exempt 
from  the  tax  imposed  by  this  subdivision. 

Any  person  to  or  for  whom  or  in  whose 
name  any  such  policy  or  other  instrument  is 
issued,  or  any  solicitor  or  broker  acting  for 
or  on  behalf  of  such  person  in  the  procurement 
of  any  such  policy  or  other  instrument,  shall 
affix  the  proper  stamps  to  such  policy  or  other 
instrument,  and  for  failure  to  affix  such  stamps 
with  intent  to  evade  the  tax  shall,  in  addition 
to  other  penalties  provided  therefor,  pay  a  fine 
of  double  the  amount  of  the  tax. 
TITLE  XII.— TAX  ON  EMPLOYMENT  OF 
CHILD  LABOR. 

Sec.  1200.  That  every  person  (other  than 
a  bona  fide  boys'  or  girls'  canning  club  rec- 
ognized by  the  agricultural  department  of  a 
state  and  of  the  United  States)  operating-  (a) 
any  mine  or  quarry  situated  in  the  United 
States  in  which  children  under  the  age  of 
sixteen  years  have  been  employed  or  permitted 
to  work  during  any  portion  of  the  taxable 
year;  or  (b)  any  mill,  cannery,  workshop,  fac- 
tory, or  manufacturing  establishment  situated 
in  the  United  States  in  which  children  under 
the  age  of  fourteen  years  have  been  employed 
or  permitted  to  work,  or  children  between  the 
ages  of  fourteen  and  sixteen  have  been  em- 
ployed or  permitted  to  work  more  than  eight 
hours  in  any  day  or  more  than  six  days  in 
any  week,  or  after  the  hour  of  seven  o'clock 
post  meridian,  or  before  the  hour  of  six  o'clock 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


77 


ante  meridian,  during-  any  portion  of  the  tax- 
able year,  shall  pay  for  each  taxable  year,  in 
addition  to  all  other  taxes  imposed  by  law,  an 
excise  tax  equivalent  to  10  per  centum  of  the 
entire  net  profits  received  or  accrued  for  such 
year  from  the  sale  or  disposition  of  the  prod- 
uct of  such  mine,  quarry,  mill,  cannery,  work- 
shop, factory,  or  manufacturing'  establishment. 
Sec.  1201.  That  in  computing-  net  profits 
under  the  provisions  of  this  title,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  the  tax  there  shall  be  allowed  as 
deductions  from  the  gross  amount  received  or 
accrued  for  the  taxable  year  from  the  sale  or 
disposition  of  such  products  manufactured 
within  the  United  States  the  following;  items: 

(a)  The  cost  of  raw  materials  entering1  into 
the  production: 

(b)  Running-  expenses,  including-  rentals,  cost 
of     repairs,     and     maintenance,     heat,     power, 
insurance,      management,      and     a     reasonable 
allowance  for  salaries  or  other  compensations 
for  personal  services  actually  rendered,  and  for 
depreciation; 

(c)  Interest  paid  within  the  taxable  year 
on  debts  or  loans  contracted  to  meet  the  needs 
of  the  business,  and  the  proceeds  of  which 
have  been  actually  used  to  meet  such  needs; 

(d)  Taxes  of  all  kinds  paid  during-  the  tax- 
able   year    with    respect    to    the    business    or 
property  relating-  to  the  production;    and 

(e)  Losses     actually     sustained     within     the 
taxable   year   in  connection    with  the  business 
of    producing-    such    products,    including-    losses 
from    fire,    flood,    storm,    or    other    casualties, 
and    npt    compensated    for    by    insurance    or 
otherwise. 

Sec.  1202.  That  if  any  such  person  during 
any  -taxable  year  or  part  thereof,  whether 
under  any  agreement,  arrangement,  or  under- 
standing- or  otherwise,  sells  or  disposes  of  any 
product  of  such  mine,  quarry,  mill,  cannery, 
workshop,  factory,  or  manufacturing-  estab- 
lishment at  less  than  the  fair  market  price 
obtainable  therefor  either  (a)  in  such  man- 
lier as  directly  or  indirectly  to  benefit  such 
person  or  any  person  directly  or  indirectly 
interested  in  the  business  of  such  person;  or 
(b)  with  intent  to  cause  such  benefit;  the 
gross  amount  received  or  accrued  for  such 
year  or  part  thereof  from  the  sale  or  dis- 
position of  such  product  shall  be  taken  to  be 
the  amount  which  would  have  been  received 
or  accrued  from  the  sale  or  disposition  of 
such  product  if  sold  at  the  fair  market  price. 

Sec.  1203.  (a)  That  no  person  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  title  shall  be  liable  for 
the  tax  herein  imposed  if  the  only  employ- 
ment or  permission  to  work  which  but  for 
this  section  would  subject  him  to  the  tax,  has 
been  of  a  child  as  to  whom  such  person  has 
in  g-ood  faith  procured  at  the  time  of  employ- 
ing- such  child  or  permitting;  him  to  work,  and 
has  since  in  good  faith  relied  upon  and  kept 
on  file  a  certificate,  issued  in  such  form,  under 
such  conditions  and  by  such  persons  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  a  board  consisting-  of  the 
secretary,  the  commissioner,  and  the  secretary 
of  labor,  showing-  the  child  to  be  of  such  age 
as  not  to  subject  such  person  to  the  tax  im- 
posed by  this  title.  Any  person  who  know- 
ingly makes  a  false  statement  or  presents  false 
evidence  in  or  in  relation  to  any  such  cer- 
tificate or  application  therefor  shall  be  pun- 
ished by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $100,  nor 
more  than  SI, 000,  or  by  imprisonment  for  not 
more  than  three  months,  or  by  both  such  fine 
and  imprisonment,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
court. 

In  any  state  designated  by  such  board  an 
employment  certificate  or  other  similar  paper 
as  to  the  age  of  the  child,  issued  under  the 
laws  of  that  state,  and  not  inconsistent  with 
the  provisions  of  this  title,  shall  have  the 
same  force  and  effect  as  a  certificate  herein 
provided  for. 

(b)  The  tax  imposed  by  this  title  shall  not 
be  imposed  in  the  case  of  any  person  who 


proves  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  secretary  that 
the  only  employment  or  permission  to  work 
which  but  for  this  section  would  subject  him 
to  the  tax,  has  been  of  a  child  employed  or 
permitted  to  work  under  a  mistake  of  fact  as 
to  the  age  of  such  child,  and  without  inten- 
tion to  evade  the  tax. 

Sec.  1204.  That  on  or  before  the  first  day 
of  the  third  month  following  the  close  of  each 
taxable  year,  a  true  and  accurate  return  under 
oath  shall  be  made  by  each  person  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  title  to  the  collector 
for  the  district  in  which  such  person  has  his 
principal  office  or  place  of  business,  in  such 
form  as  the  commissioner,  with  the  approval 
of  the  secretary,  shall  prescribe,  setting-  forth 
specifically  the  gross  amount  of  income  re- 
ceived or  accrued  during  such  year  from  the 
sale  or  disposition  of  the  product  of  any  mine, 
quarry,  mill,  cannery,  workshop,  factory,  or 
manufacturing  establishment,  in  which  chil- 
dren have  been  employed  subjecting  him  to 
the  tax  imposed  by  this  title,  and  from  the 
total  thereof  deducting  the  aggregate  items  of 
allowance  authorized  by  this  title,  and  such 
other  particulars  as  to  the  gross  receipts  and 
items  of  allowance  as  the  commissioner,  with 
the  approval  of  the  secretary,  may  require.  • 

Sec.  1205.  That  all  such  returns  shall  be  , 
transmitted  forthwith  by  the  collector  to  the 
commissioner,  who  shall,  as  soon  as  practi- 
cable, assess  the  tax  found  due  and  notify  the 
person  making-  such  return  of  the  amount  of 
tax  for  which  such  person  is  liable,  and  such 
person  shall  pay  the  tax  to  the  collector  on  or 
befpre  thirty  days  from  the  date  of  such 
notice. 

Sec.  1206.  That  for  the  purposes  of  this 
act  the  commissioner,  or  any  other  person  duly 
authorized  by  him,  shall  have  authority  to 
enter  and  inspect  at  any  time  any  mine,  quarry, 
mill,  cannery,  workshop,  factory,  or  manufac- 
turing1 establishment.  The  secretary  of  labor, 
or  any  person  duly  authorized  by  him,  shall, 
for  the  purpose  of  complying-  with  a  request 
of  the  commissioner  to  make  such  an  inspec- 
tion, have  like  authority,  and  shall  make  report 
to  the  commissioner  of  inspections  made  under 
such  authority  in  such  form  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  the  commissioner  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury. 

Any  person  who  refuses  or  obstructs  entry 
or  inspection  authorized  by  this  section  shall 
be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  SI, 000, 
or  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  one 
year,  or  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  1207.  That  as  used  in  this  title  the 
term  "taxable  year"  shall  have  the  same  mean- 
ing- as  provided  for  the  purposes  of  income 
tax  in  section  200.  The  first  taxable  year  for 
the  purposes  of  this  title  shall  be  the  period 
between  sixty  days  after  the  passage  of  this 
act  and  Dec.  31.  1919,  both  inclusive,  or  such 
portion  of  such  period  as  is  included  within 
the  fiscal  year  (as  defined  in  section  200)  of 
the  taxpayer. 

TITLE  XIII.— GENERAL  ADMINISTRATIVE 
PROVISIONS. 

Sec.  1300.  That  hereafter  the  salary  of  the 
cpmmissioner  shall  be  §10,000  a  year.  The 
difference  between  the  amount  appropriated 
under  existing-  law  and  the  salary  herein 
established  shall,  for  the  period  between  the 
passage  of  this  act  and  July  1,  1919,  be  paid 
out  of  the  appropriations  for  collecting1  in- 
ternal revenue. 

Sec.  1301.  (a)  That  hereafter  there  may  be 
employed  in  the  bureau  of  internal  revenue, 
in  lieu  of  the  deputy  commissioners  whose 
salaries  are  now  fixed  by  law,  five  deputy 
commissioners  and  an  assistant  to  the  commis- 
sioner, who  shall  each  receive  a  salary  of 
$5,000  a  year,  payable  monthly.  The  assist- 
ant to  the  commissioner  may  be  authorized 
by  the  commissioner  to  perform  any  duties 
which  the  deputy  commissioners  may  perform 
under  existing-  law. 


78 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920, 


(b)  The    salaries    of    collectors    may   be    re- 
adjusted and  increased  under  such  regulations 
as    may    be    prescribed    by    the    commissioner 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the   secretary,  but 
no    collector    shall    receive    a    salary   in   excess 
of  $6,000  a  year. 

(c)  There    is    hereby    appropriated,    out    of 
any  money  in   the   treasury  not  otherwise   ap- 
propriated, for  the  fiscal  year  ending-  June  30, 
1919,  the  sum  of  $7,500.000  for  the  expenses 
of  assessing-  and  collecting-  the  internal  revenue 
taxes    as    provided    in    this    act.    including  the 
employment    of    necessary    officers,     attorneys, 
experts,    ag-ents,    inspectors,    deputy    collectors, 
clerks,    janitors,    and   messeng-ers.    in    the    Dis- 
trict   of    Columbia   and   the   several    collection 
districts,  to  be  appointed  as  provided  by  law, 
telegraph  and  telephone  service,  rental  and  re- 
pair  of   quarters,    postage,    and    the    purchase 
of    such    supplies,    equipment,    furniture,    me- 
chanical    devices,     printing-,     stationery,     law 
books  and  books   of  reference,   not   to   exceed 
$500    for    street    car    fares   in   the    District    of 
Columbia,   and  such   other  articles   as  may  be 
necessary  for  use  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
and  the  several  collection  districts:    Provided 
That   not   more   than   $2,750.000   of    the  total 
amount   appropriated   by  this  section  may   be 
expended   in   the   bureau   of   internal   revenue, 
in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

(d)  1.  There  is   hereby  created   a  board   to 
be  known  as  the   "advisory  tax  board."  here- 
inafter called  the  board,   and  to  be  composed 
of  not  to  exceed  six  members  to  be  appointed 
by  the  commissioner  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary.     The  board   shall   cease  to   exist   at 
the  expiration  of  two  years  after  the  passage 
of    this    act,    or    at    such   earlier  time    as   the 
commissioner    with   the   approval    of   the   sec- 
retary  may  designate. 

Vacancies  in  the  membership  of  the  board 
shall  be  filled  in  the  same  manner  as  an  origi- 
nal appointment.  Any  member,  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  removal  by  the  commissioner  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary.  The  commissioner 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary  shall  desig- 
nate the  chairman  of  the  board.  Each  mem- 
ber shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  $9.000, 
payable  monthly,  together  with  actual  neces- 
sary expenses  when  absent  from  the  District 
of  Columbia  on  official  business. 

(2)  The  commissioner  may,   and  on  the  re- 
quest of  any  taxpayer  directly  interested  shall, 
submit  to  the  board  any   question  relating  to 
the  interpretation  or  administration  of  the  in- 
come    war-profits    or   excess-profits    tax    laws, 
and   the    board    shall    report    its .  findings   and 
recommendations  to  the  commissioner. 

(3)  The   board   shall   have  its   office  in  the 
bureau  of  internal  revenue  in  the  District   of 
Columbia.    The  expenses  and  salaries  of  mem- 
bers  of   the  board   shall   be   audited,    allowed, 
and   paid  out   of   appropriations   for  collecting 
internal   revenue,    in   the   same  manner   as  ex- 
penses and  salaries  of  employes  of  the  bureau 
of  internal  revenue   are   audited,   allowed,   and 
paid. 

(4)  The  board  shall  have  the  power  to  sum- 
mon    witnesses,     take     testimony,     administer 
oaths,    and  to  require    any  person    to   produce 
books,    papers,    documents,    or    other    data    re- 
lating  to    any   matter   under    investigation    by 
the   board.      Any   member    of   the    board    may 
sign     subpoenas    and    members     and    employes 
of    the   bureau   of  internal   revenue   designated 
to    assist   the  board,    when    authorized   by   the 
board,    may    administer    oaths,    examine    wit- 
nesses, take  testimony  and  receive  evidence. 

Sec.  1302.  That  all  internal  revenue  agents 
and  inspectors  shall  be  granted  leave  of  ab- 
sence with  pay.  which  shall  not  be  cumulative, 
not  to  exceed  thirty  days  in  any  calendar  year, 
under  such  regulations  as  the  commissioner, 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary,  may  pre- 

Sec.  1303.  (a)  That  there  is  hereby  created 
a  legislative  drafting1  service  under  the  direc- 


tion of  two  draftsmen,  one  of  whom  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  president  of  the  senate,  and 
one  by  the  speaker  of  the  house  of  represent- 
atives, without  reference  to  political  affiliations 
and  solely  on  the  ground  of  fitness  to  perform 
the  duties  of  the  office.  Each  draftsman  shall 
receive  a  salary  of  $5.000  a  year,  payable 
monthly.  The  draftsmen  shall,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  president  of  the  senate  and 
the  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives, 
employ  and  fix  the  compensation  of  such 
assistant  draftsmen,  clerks  and  other  em- 
ployes, and  purchase  such  furniture,  office 
equipment,  books,  stationery  and  other  sup- 
plies as  may  be  necessary  for  the  proper 
performance  of  the  duties  of  the  service  and 
as  may  be  appropriated  for  by  congress. 

(b)  The  drafting  service  shall  aid  in  draft- 
ing-   public    bills    and    resolutions    or    amend- 
ments thereto  on  the  request  of  any  committee 
of   either   house    of    congress,    but    the   library 
committee  of  the  senate  und  the  library  com- 
mittee of  the  house  of  representatives,  respec- 
tively, may  determine  the  preference,  if  any.  to 
be  given  to  such  requests  of  the  committees  of 
either     house,     respectively.       The     draftsmen 
shall,   from  time  to   time,   prescribe   rules  and 
regulations  for  the  conduct  of  the  work  of  the 
service    for    the    committees    of    each    house, 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  library  commit- 
tee of  each  house,   respectively. 

(c)  For  the  remainder  of  the  current   fiscal 
year  there  is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any 
money    in    the    treasury   not    otherwise    appro- 
priated,    the    sum    of    $25.000,    or    so    much 
thereof  as  may  be  necessary,    for  the  purpose 
of    defraying    the    expenses    of    the    establish- 
ment  and   maintenance   of   the   service,   includ- 
ing the  payment  of  salaries  herein  authorized. 
One-half  of  all   appropriations   for   the  service 
shall    be    disbursed    by    the    secretary    of    the 
senate  and  one-half  by  the  clerk  of  the  house 
of  representatives. 

Sec.  1304.  That  there  shall  be  levied,  col- 
lected and  paid  in  the  United  States  upon 
articles  coming  into  the  United  States  from 
the  Virgin  islands  a  tax  equal  to  the  internal 
revenue  tax  imposed  in  the  United  States  upon 
like  articles  of  domestic  manufacture;  such 
articles  shipped  from  such  islands  to  the 
United  States  shall  be  exempt  from  the  pay- 
ment of  any  tax  imposed  by  the  internal 
revenue  laws  of  such  islands:  Provided,  That 
there  shall  be  levied,  collected  and  paid  in 
such  islands,  upon  articles  imported  from  the 
United  States,  a  tax  equal  to  the  internal 
revenue  tax  imposed  in  such  islands  upon  like 
articles  there  manufactured;  and  such  articles 
going  into  such  islands  from  the  United  States 
shall  be  exempt  from  payment  of  any  tax 
imposed  by  the  internal  revenue  laws  of*  the 
United  States. 

Sec.  1305.  That  all  administrative,  special 
or  stamp  provisions  of  law,  including  the  law 
relating  to  the  assessment  of  taxes,  so  far  as 
applicable,  are  hereby  extended  to  and  made 
a  part  of  this  act,  and  every  person  liable  to 
any  tax  imposed  by  this  act,  or  for  the  col- 
lection thereof,  shall  keep  such  records  and 
render,  under  oath,  such  statements  and  re- 
turns, and  shall  comply  with  such  regulations 
?s  the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the 
secretary,  may  from  time  to  time  prescribe. 

Whenever  in  the  judgment  of  the  com- 
missioner necessary  he  may  require  any  per- 
son, by  notice  served  upon  him.  to  make  a 
return  or  such  statements  as  he  deems  suffi- 
cient to  show  whether  or  not  such  person  is 
liable  to  tax. 

The  commissioner,  for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining the  correctness  of  any  return  or  for 
the  purpose  of  making  a  return  where  none 
has  been  made,  is  hereby  authorized,  by  any 
revenue  agent  or  inspector  designated  by  him 
for  that  purpose,  to  examine  any  books,  papers, 
records  or  memoranda  bearing  upon  the  mat- 
ters required  to  be  included  in  the  return,  and 
may  require  the  attendance  of  the  person 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


rendering:  the  return  or  of  any  officer  or  em- 
ploye of  such  person,  or  the  attendance  of 
any  other  person  having-  knowledg-e  in  the 
premises,  and  may  take  his  testimony  with 
reference  to  the  matter  required  by  law  to  be 
included  in  such  return,  with  power  to  ad- 
minister oaths  to  such  person  or  persons. 

Sec.  1306.  That  where  floor  taxes  are  im- 
posed by  this  act  in  respect  to  articles  or  com- 
modities, in  respect  to  which  the  tax  im- 
posed by  existing-  law  has  been  paid,  the  per- 
son required  by  this  act  to  pay  the  tax  shall, 
within  thirty  days  after  its  passag-e.  make 
return  under  oath  in  such  form  and  under 
such  reg-ulations  as  the  commissioner,  with 
the  approval  of  the  secretary,  shall  prescribe. 
Payment  of  the  tax  shown  19  be  due  may  be 
extended  to  a  date  not  exceeding-  seven  months 
from  the  passage  of  this  act,  upon  the  filing- 
of  a  bond  for  payment  in  such  form  and 
amount  and  with  such  sureties  as  the  com- 
missioner, with  the  approval  of  the  secretary, 
may  prescribe. 

Sec.  1307.  That  in  all  cases  where  the 
method  of  collecting-  the  tax  imposed  by  this 
act  is  not  specifically  provided  in  this  act,  the 
tax  shall  be  collected  in  such  manner  as  the 
commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the  sec- 
retary, may  prescribe.  All  administrative  and 
penalty  provisions  of  Title  XI.  of  this  act, 
in  so  far  as  applicable,  shall  apply  to  the 
collection  of  any  tax  which  the  commissioner 
determines  or  prescribes  shall  be  paid  by 
stamp. 

Sec.  1308.  (a)  That  any  person  required  un- 
der Titles  V.,  VI..  VII..  VIII.,  IX..  X.  or  XII 
to  pay,  or  to  collect,  account  for  and  pay  over 
any  tax.  or  required  by  law  or  reg-ulations 
made  under  authority  thereof  to  make  a  re- 
turn or  supply  any  information  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  computation,  assessment  or  col- 
lection of  any  such  tax.  who  fails  to  pay, 
collect  or  truly  account  for  and  pay  over  any 
such  tax.  make  any  such  return  or  supply 
any  such  information  at  the  time  or  times  re- 
quired by  law  or  reg-ulation  shall  in  addition 
to  other  penalties  provided  by  law  be  subject 
to  a  penalty  of  not  more  than  SI. 000. 

(b)  Any    person    who    willfully    refuses    to 
pay.  collect  or  truly  account  for  and  pay  over 
any    such    tax,    make    such    return    or    supply 
such  information  at  the  time  or  times  required 
by  law  or  regulation,  or  who  willfully  attempts 
in    any    manner    to    evade    such    tax    shall    be 
guilty    of    a    misdemeanor    and    in    addition   to 
other  penalties  provided  by  law  shall  be  fined 
not  more  than  $10.000  or  imprisoned  for  not 
more   than    one    year,    or  both,    tog-ether   with 
the  costs  of  prosecution. 

(c)  Any    person    who    willfully    refuses    to 
pay.    collect     or    truly    account    for    and    pay 
over  any  such  tax   shall  in  addition  to  other 
penalties  provided  by  law  be  liable  to  a  pen- 
alty of  the  amount  of  the  tax  evaded,  or  not 
paid,     collected     or    accounted     for    and     paid 
over,  to  be  assessed  and  collected  in  the  same 
manner    as    taxes    are    assessed    and    collected: 
Provided,  however.    That    no    penalty   shall  be 
assessed  under  this  subdivision  for  any  offense 
for   which    a    penalty    may    be    assessed    under 
authority  of  section  3176   of  the  revised  stat- 
utes, as  amended,  or  of  section  605  or  620  of 
this  act,   or  for  any  offense  for  which   a  pen- 
alty has  been  recovered  under  section  3256  of 
the  revised  statutes. 

(d)  The  term  "person"  as  used  in  this  sec- 
tion  includes  an    officer  or  employe   of   a  cor- 
poration or  a   member  or  employe  of   a  part- 
nership, who  as  such  officer,  employe  or  mem- 
ber  is    under    a    duty    to    perform    the    act   in 
respect   of    which   the  violation   occurs. 

Sec.  1309.  That  the  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  is  hereby  authorized 
to  make  all  needful  rules  and  reg-ulations  for 
the  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

The  commissioner  with  such  approval  may 
by  reg-ulation  provide  that  any  return  required 
by  Titles  V..  VI..  VII..  VIII..  IX.  or  X.  to 


be  under  oath  may.  if  the  amount  of  the  tax 
covered  thereby  is  not  in  excess  of  $10.  be 
sig-ned  or  acknowledg-ed  before  two  witnesses 
instead  of  under  oath. 

Sec.  1310.  (a)  That  in  the  case  of  any 
overpayment  or  overcollection  of  any  tax  im- 
posed by  section  628  or  630  or  by  Title  V 
Title  VIH.  or  Title  IX.,  the  person  making 
such  overpayment  or  overcollection  may  take 
credit  therefor  against  taxes  due  upon  any 
monthly  return,  and  shall  make  refund  of  any 
excessive  amount  collected  by  him  upon  proper 
application  by  the  person  entitled  thereto. 

(b)  Wherever  in  this  act   a  tax  is  required 
to  be  paid  by  the  purchaser  to  the  vendor  at 
the  time  of  a  sale,  and  such  sale  is  made  on 
credit,    then,    under   reg-ulations    prescribed   by 
the    commissioner,    with    the    approval    of    the 
secretary,   the   tax  may.   at   the  option  of   the 
vendor,   be   returned   and  paid  by   him  to  the 
United  States   as  if   paid   to  him  by   the  pur- 
chaser at    the   time   of   the   sale,    and  in   such 
case  the   vendor  shall  have  a   right  of   action 
in  any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction  against 
the  purchaser  for  the   amount    of  the   tax  BO 
returned  and  paid  to  the  United  States. 

(c)  Under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the 
commissioner  with   the  approval  of  the  secre- 
tary may   prescribe,    the   taxes  imposed   under 
the  provisions  of  Titles  VI..  VII.  or  IX.  shall 
not  apply  in  respect  to  articles  sold  or  leased 
for    export    and    in    due    course    so    exported. 
Under  such  rules  and  reg-ulations  the  amount 
of  any  internal  revenue  tax  erroneously  or  il- 
legally collected  in  respect  to  exported  articles 
may  be  refunded  to  the  exporter  of  the  article, 
instead  of  to  the  manufacturer,   if  the  manu- 
facturer waives  any  claim  for  the  amount  so 
to   be   refunded. 

Sec.  1311.  That  where  the  rate  of  tax  im- 
posed by  this  act,  payable  by  stamps,  is  an 
increase  over  previously  existing-  rates,  stamps 
on  hand  in  the  collectors'  offices  and  in  the 
bureau  of  internal  revenue  may  continue  to 
be  used  until  the  supply  on  hand  is  exhausted, 
but  shall  be  sold  and  accounted  for  at  the 
rates  provided  by  this  act,  and  assessment 
shall  be  made  ag-ainst  manufacturers  and  other 
taxpayers  having  such  stamps  on  hand  on  the 
day  this  act  takes  effect  for  the  difference  be- 
tween the  amount  paid  for  such  stamps  and 
the  tax  due  at  the  rates  provided  by  this  act. 

Sec.  1312.  (1)  That  (a)  if  any  person  haa 
prior  to  May  9.  1917.  made  a  bona  fide  con- 
tract with  a  dealer  for  the  sale  or  lease,  after 
the  tax  takes  effect,  of  any  article  in  respect 
to  which  a  tax  is  imposed  under  Title  VI.. 
VII.  or  IX..  or  under  subdivision  13  of  sched- 
ule A  of  Title  XI..  or  under  this  subdivision, 
and  (b)  if  such  contract  does  not  permit  the 
adding  of  the  whole  of  siich  tax  to  the 
amount  to  be  paid  under  such  contract,  then 
the  vendee  or  lessee  shall,  in  lieu  Of  the 
vendor  or  lessor,  pay  so  much  of  such  tax  as 
is  not  so  permitted  to  be  added  to  the  con- 
tract price.  If  a  contract  of  the  character 
above  described  was  made  with  any  person 
other  than  a  dealer,  the  tax  collected  -under 
this  act  shall  be  the  tax  in  force  on  May  9. 
1917. 

(2)  If  (a)  any  person  has  prior  to  Sept.  3, 
1918.  made  a  bona  fide  contract  with  a  dealer 
for  the  sale  or  lease,  after  the  tax  takes  ef- 
fect, of  any  article  in  respect  to  which  a  tax 
is  imposed  under  Title  VI..  VII.  or  IX..  or 
under  subdivision  13  of  schedule  A  of  Title 
XI..  or  under  this  subdivision,  and  in  respect 
to  which  no  corresponding-  tax  was  imposed 
by  the  revenue  act  of  1917.  and  (b)  such 
contract  does  not  permit  the  adding1,  to  the 
amount  to  be  paid  under  such  contract,  of  the 
whole  of  the  tax  imposed  by  this  act,  then 
the  vendee  or  lessee  shall,  in  lieu  of  the  vendor 
or  lessor,  pay  so  much  of  the  tax  imposed  by 
this  act  as  is  not  so  permitted  to  be  added 
to  the  contract  price.  If  a  contract  of  the 
character  above  described  was  made  with  any 


80 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


person  other   than   a  dealer,   no   tax  shall  be 
collected   under  this   act. 

(3)  If    (a)   any  person  has  prior  to  Sept.  3, 
1918,  made  a  bona  fide  contract  with  a  dealer 
for  the  sale  or  lease,  after  the  tax  takes  effect, 
of    any    article   in   respect    to   which    a    tax   is 
imposed  under  Title  VI.,  VII.  or  IX..  or  under 
subdivision  13  of  schedule  A  of  Title  XI.,  or 
under  this  subdivision,  and  in  respect  to  which 
a     corresponding1     tax     was    imposed    by     the 
revenue  act   of   1917,    and    (b)    such   contract 
does    not    permit    the    adding-,    to    the    amount 
to  be  paid  under  such  contract,  of  the  whole 
of    the   difference   between    such    tax   and    the 
corresponding-  tax  imposed  by  the  revenue  act 
of   1917,    then   the   vendee    or  lessee  shall,   in 
lieu  of  the  vendor  or  lessor,  pay  so  much  of 
such   difference   as  is   not   so   permitted   to   be 
added  to  the  contract  price.     If  a  contract  of 
the  character  above  described  was  made  with 
any  person  other  than  a  dealer,  the  tax  collect- 
ed under  this  act  shall  be  the  tax  in  force  on 
Sept.  3,  1918. 

(4)  The    taxes    payable    by    the    vendee    or 
lessee  under  this  section  shall  be  paid  to  the 
vendor  or  lessor  at  the  time  the  sale  or  lease 
is    consummated,    and    collected,    returned    and 
paid   to   the  United  States  by   such  vendor  or 
lessor  in  the  same  manner  as  provided  in  sec- 
tion 502. 

(5)  The  term   "dealer"   as  used  in  this  sec- 
tion   includes    a    vendee    who    purchases    any 
article  with  intent  to   use  it  in  the  manufac- 
ture or  production  of  another  article  intended 
for  sale. 

(6)  This  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  tax 
imposed  by  section  906. 

Sec.  1313.  That  in  the  payment  of  any  tax 
under  this  act  not  payable  by  stamp  a  frac- 
tional part  of  a  cent  shall  be  disregarded  un- 
less it  amounts  to  one-half  cent  or  more,  in 
which  case  it  shall  be  increased  to  1  cent. 

Sec.  1814.  That  collectors  may  receive,  at 
par  with  an  adjustment  for  accrued  interest, 
certificates  of  indebtedness  issued  by  the 
United  States  and  uncertified  checks  in  pay- 
ment of  income,  war-profits  and  excess-profits 
taxes  and  any  other  taxes  payable  other  than 
by  stamp,  during1  such  time  and  under  such 
regulations  as  the  commissioner,  with  the 
approval  of  the  secretary,  shall  prescribe;  but 
if  a  check  so  received  is  not  paid  by  the  bank 
on  which  it  is  drawn  the  person  by  whom  such 
check  has  been  tendered  shall  remain  liable 
for  the  payment  of  the  tax  and  for  all  legal 
penalties  and  additions  the  same  as  if  such 
check  had  not  been  tendered. 

Sec.  1315.  That  section  3315  of  the  revised 
statutes,  as  amended,  is  hereby  amended  to 
Tead  as  follows: 

"Sec.  3315.  The  commissioner  of  internal 
revenue  may,  under  regulations  prescribed  by 
him  with  the  approval  of  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  issue  stamps  for  rest  am  ping-  pack- 
ages of  distilled  spirits,  tobacco,  cigars,  snuff, 
cigarettes,  fermented  liquors  and  wines  which 
have  been  duly  stamped  but  from  which  the 
stamps  have  been  lost  or  destroyed  by  un- 
avoidable accident." 

Sec.  1316.  (a)  That  section  3220  of  the  re- 
vised statutes  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as 
follows: 

"Sec.  3220.  The  commissioner  of  internal 
revenue,  subject  to  regulations  prescribed  by 
the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  is  authorized  to 
remit,  refund  and  pay  back  all  taxes  erro- 
neously or  illegally  assessed  or  collected,  all 
penalties  collected  without  authority,  and  all 
taxes  that  appear  to  be  unjustly  assessed  or 
excessive  in  amount,  or  in  any  manner  wrong- 
fully collected;  also  to  repay  to  any  collector 
or  deputy  collector  the  full  amount  of  such 
sums  of  money  as  may  be  recovered  against 
him  in  any  court,  for  any  internal  revenue 
taxes  collected  by' him,  with  the  cost  and  ex- 
penses of  suit;  also  all  damages  and  costs  re- 
covered against  any  assessor,  assistant  as- 


sessor, collector,  deputy  collector,  ag-ent  or 
inspector,  in  any  suit  brought  against  him  by 
reason  of  anything  done  in  the  due  perform- 
ance of  his  official  duty,  and  shall  make  report 
to  congress  at  the  beginning  of  each  regular 
session  of  congress  of  all  transactions  under 
this  section." 

(b)  Section  3225  of  the  revised  statutes  of 
the  United  States  is  hereby  amended  to  read 
as  follows; 

"Sec.  3225.  When  a  second  assessment  is 
made  in  case  of  any  list,  statement  or  return 
which  in  the  opinion  of  the  collector  or  depu- 
ty collector  was  false  or  fraudulent,  or  con- 
tained any  understatement  or  undervaluation, 
such  assessment  shall  not  be  remitted,  nor 
shall  taxes  collected  under  such  assessment  be 
refunded,  or  paid  back,  or  recovered  by  any 
suit,  unless  it  is  proved  that  such  list,  state- 
ment or  return  was  not  willfully  false  or 
fraudulent  and  did  not  contain  any  willful 
understatement  or  undervaluation." 

(c)  That  the  paragraph  of  section  3689  of 
the  revised  statutes,  as  amended,  reading  as 
follows:  "Refunding  taxes  illegally  collected 
(internal  revenue)  :  To  refund  and  pay  back 
duties  erroneously  or  illegally  assessed  or  col- 
lected under  the  internal  revenue  laws,"  is  re- 
pealed from  and  after  June  30,  1920;  and  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury  shall  submit  for  the 
fiscal  year  1921,  and  annually  thereafter,  an 
estimate  of  appropriations  to  refund  and  pay 
back  duties  or  taxes  erroneously  or  illegally 
assessed  or  collected  under  the  internal  reve- 
nue laws,  and  to  pay  judgments,  including- 
interest  and  costs,  rendered  for  taxes  or  pen- 
alties erroneously  or  illegally  assessed  or  col- 
lected under  the  internal  revenue  laws. 

Sec.  1317.  That  sections  3164,  3165,  3167, 
3172,  3173  and  3176  of  the  revised  statutes 
as  amended  are  hereby  amended  to  read  as 
follows: 

"Sec.  3164.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every 
collector  of  internal  revenue  having  knowl- 
edge of  any  willful  violation  of  any  law  of 
the  United  States  relating  to  the  revenue, 
within  thirty  days  after  coming-  into  posses- 
sion of  such  knowledge,  to  file  with  the  dis- 
trict attorney  of  the  district  in  which  any 
fine,  penalty  or  forfeiture  may  be  incurred  a 
statement  of  all  the  facts  and  circumstances 
of  the  case  within  his  knowledge,  together 
with  the  names  of  the  witnesses,  setting  forth, 
the  provisions  of  law  believed  to  be  so  violat- 
ed on  which  reliance  may  be  had  for  con- 
demnation or  conviction. 

"Sec.  3165.  Every  collector,  deputy  collector, 
internal  revenue  ag-ent  and  internal  revenue 
officer  assigned  to  duty  under  an  internal  reve- 
nue agent  is  authorized  to  administer  oaths 
and  to  take  evidence  touching  any  part  of  the 
administration  of  the  internal  revenue  laws 
with  which  he  is  charged,  or  where  such 
oaths  and  evidence  are  authorized  by  law  or 
regulation  authorized  by  law  to  be  taken. 

"Sec.  3167.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
collector,  deputy  collector,  agent,  clerk  or 
other  officer  or  employe  of  the  United  States 
to  divulge  or  to  make  known  in  any  manner 
whatever  not  provided  by  law  to  any  person 
the  operations,  style  of  work  or  apparatus  of 
any  manufacturer  or  producer  visited  by  him 
in  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties,  or  the 
amount  or  source  of  income,  profits,  losses, 
expenditures,  or  any  particular,  thereof,  set 
forth  or  disclosed  in  any  income  'return,  or  to 
permit  any  income  rr'urn  or  copy  thereof  or 
any  book  containing  any  abstract  or  particu- 
lars thereof  to  be  seen  or  examined  by  any 
person  except  as  provided  by  law;  and  it  shall 
be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  print  or  pub- 
lish in  any  manner  whatever  not  provided  by 
law  any  income  return,  or  any  part  thereof 
or  source  of  income,  profits,  losses  or  ex- 
penditures appearing-  in  any  income  return; 
and  any  offense  against  the  foregoing  pro- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


81 


vision  shall  be  a  misdemeanor  and  be  pun- 
ished by  a  fine  not  exceeding-  $1,000  or  by 
imprisonment  not  exceeding-  one  year,  or  both, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  court;  and  if  the  of- 
fender be  an  officer  or  employe  of  the  United 
States  he  shall  be  dismissed  from  office  or 
discharg-ed  from  employment. 

"Sec.  3172.  Every  collector  shall,  from  time 
to  time,  cause  his  deputies  to  proceed  through 
every  part  of  his  district  and  inquire  after 
and  concerning-  all  persons  therein  who  are 
liable  to  pay  any  internal  revenue  tax,  and 
all  persons  owning  or  having  the  care  and 
management  of  any  objects  liable  to  pay  any 
tax.  and  to  make  a  list  of  such  persons  and 
enumerate  said  objects. 

"Sec.  3173.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  any  per- 
son, partnership,  firm,  association  or  corpora- 
tion made  liable  to  any  duty,  special  tax  or 
other  tax  imposed  by  law,  when  not  other- 
wise provided  for.  (1)  in  case  of  a  special 
tax.  on  or  before  the  31st  day  of  July 
in  each  year,  and  (2)  in  other  cases  before 
the  day  on  which  the  taxes  accrue,  to  make 
a  list  or  return,  verified  by  oath,  to  the  col- 
lector or  a  deputy  collector  of  the  district 
where  located,  of  the  articles  or  objects,  in- 
cluding- the  quantity  of  goods,  wares  and 
merchandise,  made  or  sold  and  charged  witn 
a  tax,  the  several  rates  and  aggregate  amount, 
according-  to  the  forms  and  regulations  to  be 
prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  internal 
revenue,  with  the  approval  of  the  secretary 
of  the  treasury,  for  which  such  person,  part- 
nership, firm,  association  or  corporation  is 
liable:  Provided,  That  if  any  person  liable 
to  pay  any  duty  or  tax,  or  owning,  possess- 
ing- or  having1  the  care  or  management  of  prop- 
erty, goods,  wares  and  merchandise  articles 
or  objects  liable  to  pay  any  duty,  tax  or  li- 
cense, shall  fail  to  make  and  exhibit  a  list  or 
return  required  by  law,  but  shall  consent  to 
disclose  the  particulars  of  any  and  all  the 
property,  goods,  wares  and  merchandise,  arti- 
cles or  objects  liable  to  pay  any  duty  or 
tax.  or  any  business  or  occupation  liable  to 
pay  any  tax  as  aforesaid,  then,  and  in  that 
case,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  collector  or 
deputy  collector  to  make  such  list  or  return, 
which,  being  distinctly  read,  consented  to  and 
signed  and  verified  by  oath  by  the  person  so 
owning,  possessing  or  having  the  care  and 
management  as  aforesaid,  may  be  received  as 
the  list  of  such  person:  Provided  further, 
That  in  case  no  annual  list  or  return  has 
been  rendered  by  such  person  to  the  collector 
or  deputy  collector  as  required  by  law,  and 
the  person  shall  be  absent  from  his  or  her 
residence  or  place  of  business  at  the  time  the 
collector  or  a  deputy  collector  shall  call  for 
the  annual  list  or  return,  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  such  collector  or  deputy  collector  to  leave 
at  such  place  of  residence  or  business,  with 
some  one  of  suitable  age  and  discretion,  if 
such  be  present,  otherwise  to  deposit  in  the 
nearest  postoffice,  a  note  or  memorandum 
addressed  to  such  person,  requiring  him  or  her 
to  render  to  such  collector  or  deputy  collector 
the  list  or  return  required  by  law  within  ten 
days  from  the  date  of  such  note  or  memoran- 
dum, verified  by  oath.  And  if  any  person, 
on  being  notified  or  required  as  aforesaid, 
shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  render  such  list  or 
return  within  the  time  required  as  aforesaid, 
or  whenever  any  person  who  is  required  to  de- 
liver a  monthly  or  other  return  of  objects 
subject  to  tax  fails  to  do  so  at  the  time  re- 
quired, or  delivers  any  return  which,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  collector,  is  erroneous,  false 
or  fraudulent,  or  contains  any  undervaluation 
or  understatement,  or  refuses  to  allow  any 
regularly  authorized  government  officer  to  ex- 
amine the  books  of  such  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration, it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  collector 
to  summon  such  person,  or  any  other  person 
having  possession,  custody  or  care  of  books 


of  account  containing  entries  relating  to  the 
business  of  such  person  or  any  other  person 
he  may  deem  proper,  to  appear  before  him 
and  produce  such  books  at  a  time  and  place 
named  in  the  summons,  and  to  give  testimony 
or  answer  interrogatories,  under  oath,  re- 
specting any  objects  or  income  liable  to  tax 
or  the  returns  thereof.  The  collector  may 
summon  any  pers9n  residing  or  found  within 
the  state  or  territory  in  which  his  district 
lies;  and  when  the  person  intended  to  be  sum- 
moned  does  not  reside  and  cannot  be  found 
within  such  state  or  territory,  he  may  enter 
any  collection  district  where  such  person  may 
be  found  and  there  make  the  examination 
herein  authorized.  And  to  this  end  he  may 
there  exercise  an  the  authority  which  he 
might  lawfully  exercise  in  the  district  for 
which  he  was  commissioned:  Provided,  That 
'person,*  as  used  in  this  section,  shall  be  con- 
strued to  include  any  corporation,  joint  stock 
company  or  association,  or  insurance  company 
when  such  construction  is  necessary  to  carry 
out  its  provisions. 

"Sec.  3176.  If  any  person,  corporation, 
company  or  association  fails  to  make  and 
file  a  return  or  list  at  the  time  prescribed  by 
law  or  by  regulation  made  under  authority  of 
law.  or  makes,  willfully  or  otherwise,  a  false 
or  fraudulent  return  or  list,  the  collector  or 
deputy  collector  shall  make  the  return  or  list 
from  his  own  knowledge  and  from  such  in- 
formation as  he  can  obtain  through  testimony 
or  otherwise.  In  any  such  case  the  com- 
missioner may.  from  his  own  knowledge  and 
from  such  information  as  he  can  obtain 
through  testimony  or  otherwise,  make  a  return 
or  amend  any  return  made  by  a  collector  or 
deputy  collector.  Any  return  or  list  so  made 
and  subscribed  by  the  commissioner,  or  by  a 
collector  or  deputy  collector  and  approved  by 
the  commissioner,  shall  be  prima  facie  grood 
and  sufficient  for  all  legal  purposes. 

"If  the  failure  to  file  a  return  or  list  is  due 
to  sickness  or  absence,  the  collector  may  allow 
such  further  time,  not  exceeding  thirty  days, 
for  making  and  filing  the  return  or  list  as  he 
deems  proper. 

"The  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  shall 
determine  and  assess  all  taxes,  other  than 
stamp  taxes,  as  to  which  returns  or  lists  are  so 
made  under  the  provisions  of  this  section.  In 
case  of  any  failure  to  make  and  file  a  return 
or  list  within  the  time  prescribed  by  law,  or 
prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  internal 
revenue  or  the  collector  in  pursuance  of  law. 
the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  shall  add 
to  the  tax  25  per  centum  of  its  amount,  except 
that  when  a  return  is  filed  after  such  time 
and  it  is  shown  that  the  failure  to  file  it  was 
due  to  a  reasonable  cause  and  not  to  willful 
neglect,  no  such  addition  shall  be  made  to  the 
tax.  In  case  a  false  or  fraudulent  return  or 
list  is  willfully  made,  the  commissioner  of 
internal  revenue  shall  add  to  the  tax  50  per 
centum  of  its  amount. 

"The  amount  so  added  to  any  tax  shall  be 
collected  at  the  same  time  and  in  the  same 
manner  and  as  part  of  the  tax  unless  the  tax 
has  been  paid  before  the  discovery  of  the 
neglect,  falsity  or  fraud,  in  which  case  the 
amount  so  added  shall  be  collected  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  tax." 

Sec.  1318.  That  if  any  person  is  summoned 
under  this  act  to  appear,  to  testify  or  to 
produce  books,  papers  or  other  data,  the 
District  court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
district  in  which  such  person  resides  shall 
have  jurisdiction  by  appropriate  process  to 
compel  such  attendance,  testimony  or  produc- 
tion of  books,  papers,  or  other  data. 

The  District  courts  of  the  United  States  at 
the  instance  of  the  United  States  are  hereby 
invested  with  such  jurisdiction  to  make  and 
issue,  both  in  actions  at  law  and  suits  in 
equity,  writs  and  orders  of  injunction,  and  of 
ne  exeat  republica.  orders  appointing  receivers. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


and  such  other  orders  and  process,  and  to  ren- 
der such  judgments  and  decrees,  granting  in 
proper  cases  both  legal  and'  equitable  relief 
together,  as  may  be  necessary  or  appropriate 
for  the  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act.  The  remedies  hereby  provided  are  in  ad- 
dition to  and  not  exclusive  of  any  and  all 
other  remedies  of  the  United  States  in  such 
courts  or  otherwise  to  enforce  such  provisions. 

Sec.  1319.  That  whoever  in  connection  with 
the  sale  or  lease,  or  offer  for  sale  or  lease, 
of  any  article,  or  for  the  purpose  of  making 
euch  sale  or  lease,  makes  any  statement,  written 
or  oral.  (1)  intended  or  calculated  to  lead  any 
person  to  believe  that  any  part  of  the  price 
at  which  such  article  is  sold  or  leased,  or 
offered  for  sale  or  lease,  consists  of  a  tax  im- 
posed under  the  authority  of  the  United  States. 
or  (2)  ascribing-  a  particular  part  of  such 
price  to  a  tax  imposed  under  the  authority  of 
the  United  States,  knowing  that  such  statement 
is  false  or  that  the  tax  is  not  so  great  as  the 
portion  of  such  price  ascribed  to  such  tax. 
shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  upon 
conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine 
of  not  more  than  $1,000  op  by  imprisonment 
not  exceeding:  one  year,  or  both. 

Sec.  1320.  That  wherever  by  the  laws  of 
the  United  States  or  regulations  made  pur- 
suant thereto,  any  person  is  required  to  fur- 
nish any  recognizance,  stipulation,  bond,  guar- 
anty or  undertaking,  hereinafter  called  "penal 
bond,"  with  surely  or  sureties,  such  person 
may.  in  lieu  of  such  surety  or  sureties,  de- 
posit as  security  with  the  official  having  au- 
thority to  approve  such  penal  bond.  United 
§  tales  liberty  bonds  or  other  bonds  of  the  United 
tales  in  a  sum  equal  at  their  par  value  to 
the  amount  of  such  penal  bond  required  to  be 
furnished,  together  with  an  agreement  author- 
izing such  official  to  collect  or  sell  such  bonds 
so  deposited  in  case  of  any  default  in  the  per- 
formance ef  any  of  the  conditions  or  stipu- 
lations of  such  penal  bond.  The  acceptance  of 
such  United  States  bonds  in  lieu  of  surety  or 
sureties  required  by  law  shall  have  the  same 
force  and  effect  as  individual  or  corporate 
sureties,  or  certified  checks,  bank  drafts,  post- 
office  money  orders,  or  cash,  for  the  penalty 
or  amount  of  such  penal  bond.  The  bonds  de- 
posited hereunder.  and  such  other  United 
States  bonds  as  may  be  substituted  therefor 
from  time  to  time  as  such  security,  may  be 
deposited  with  the  treasurer  or  an  assistant 
treasurer  of  the  United  States,  a  government 
depository,  federal  reserve  bank  or  memoer 
bank,  which  shall  issue  receipt  therefor,  de- 
scribing such  bonds  so  deposited.  As  soon  as 
security  for  the  performance  of  such  penal 
bond  is  no  longer  necessary.  such  bonds  so 
deposited  shall  be  returned  to  the  depositor: 
Provided,  That  in  case  a  person  or  persons 
supplying  a  contractor  with  labor  or  material 
as  provided  by  the  act  of  congress,  approved 
Feb.  24.  1905  (33  Slat..  811).  entitled  "An 
act  to  amend  an  act  approved  Aug.  13.  1894, 
entitled  'An  act  for  the  proteclion  of  persons 
furnishing  materials  and  labor  for  the  C9n- 
struction  of  public  works,'  "  shall  file  with 
the  obligee,  at  any  time  after  a  default  in 
the  performance  of  any  contract  subject  to 
said  acts,  the  application  and  affidavit  therein 
provided,  the  obligee  shall  not  deliver  to  the 
obligor  the  deposited  bonds  nor  any  surplus 
proceeds  thereof  until  the  expiration  pf  the 
time  limited  by  said  acts  for  the  institution 
of  suit  by  such  person  or  persons,  and.  in  case 
suit  shall  be  instituted  within  such  time,  shall 
hold  said  bonds  or  proceeds  subject  to  the 
order  of  the  court  having  jurisdiction  thereof: 
Provided  further,  That  nothing-  herein  con- 
tained shall  affect  or  impair  the  priority  of 
the  claim  of  the  United  States  against  the 
bonds  deposited  or  any  right  or  remedy  grant- 
ed by  said  acts  or  by  this  ssction  to  the  United 
States  for  default  upon  any  obligation  of  said 


penal  bond:  Provided  further,  That  all  laws 
inconsistent  with  this  section  are  hereby  so 
modified  as  to  conform  to  the  provisions 
hereof:  And  provided  further.  That  nothing 
contained  herein  shall  affect  the  authorily  of 
courts  over  the  security,  where  such  bonds  are 
taken  as  security  in  judicial  proceedings,  or 
the  authority  of  any  administralive  officer  of 
the  United  Stales  to  receive  United  Stales 
bonds  for  securily  in  cases  aulhorized  by 
exisling  laws.  The  secretary  may  prescribe 
rules  and  regulations  necessary  and  proper 
for  carrying  this  section  into  effect. 

TITLE  XIV.— GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 
Sec.     1400.    (a)    That     the     following     parts 
of    acts    are    hereby    repealed,    subject    to    the 
limitations  provided  in  subdivision    (b)  : 

(1)  The  following-  titles  of  the  revenue  act 
of    1916: 

Title  I.  (called  "Income  Tax")  : 
Title  II.    (called   "Estate  Tax")  : 
Title  III.    (called   "Munitions  Manufacturers' 
Tax"),  as  amended; 
Title    IV.    (called    "Miscellaneous    Taxes"). 

(2)  The  following  parts  of   the  act  entitled 
"An  act   to  provide  increased  revenue  to  defray 
the   expenses    of    the  increased    appropriations 
for  the  army  and  navy  and  the  extensions  of 
fortifications,    and    for    other    purposes."    ap- 
proved March  3.    1917: 

Title  III.    (called  "Estate  Tax")  : 

Section  402   (called  "Returns  of  Dividends"). 

(3)  The  following  titles  of  the  revenue  act 
of  1917: 

Title  I.    (called  "War  Income  Tax") ; 

Title  II.   (called  "War -Excess-Profits  Tax"): 

Title  III.    (called  "War  Tax  on  Beverages")  : 

Title  IV.  (called  "War  Tax  on  Cigars.  Tobac- 
co and  Manufactures  Thereof") : 

Title  V.  (called  "War  Tax  on  Facilities 
Furnished  by  Public  Utilities,  and  Insurance")  : 

Title  VI.    (called   "War   Excise  Taxes")  : 

Title  VII.  (called  "War  Tax  on  Admissions 
and  Dues") ; 

Title  VIII.    (called   "War  Stamp  Taxes")  ; 

Title   IX.    (called    "War   Estate    Tax")  : 

Title  X.  (called  "Administrative  Provi- 
sions") : 

Title  XII.  (called  "Income-Tax  Amend- 
ments"). 

(b)  Such  parts  of  acts  shall  remain  in 
force  for  the  assessment  and  colection  of  all 
taxes  which  have  accrued  thereunder,  and  for 
the  imposition  and  collection  of  all  penalties 
or  forfeilures  which  have  accrued  and  may 
accrue  in  relalion  to  any  such  taxes,  and 
except  that  the  unexpended  balance  of  any 
appropriation  heretofore  made  and  now  avail- 
able for  the  administration  of  any  such  part 
of  an  act  shall  be  available  for  the  administra- 
tion of  this  act  or  the  corresponding  provision 
thereof:  Provided,  That,  except  as  otherwise 
provided  in  this  act.  no  taxes  shall  be  collected 
under  Title  I.  of  the  revenue  act  of  1916  as 
amended  by  the  revenue  act  of  1917.  or 
Title  I.  or  II.  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917. 
in  respect  to  any  period  after  Dec. 
31.  1917:  Provided  further.  That  the  as- 
sessment and  collection  of  all  estate  taxes, 
and  the  imposition  and  collection  of  all  penal- 
ties or  forfeitures,  which  have  accrued  under 
Title  II.  of  the  revenue  act  of  1916  as 
amended  by  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide 
increased  revenue  to  defray  the  expenses  of 
the  increased  appropriations  for  the  army  and 
navy  and  the  extensions  of  fortificalions,  and 
for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  3.  1917. 
or  Title  IX.  of  the  revenue  act  of  1917.  shall 
be  according  to  Ihe  provisions  of  Tille  IV.  of 
this  act.  In  Ihe  case  of  any  tax  imposed  by 
any  part  of  an  act  herein  repealed,  if  there  is 
a  tax  imppsed  by  this  act  in  lieu  thereof,  the 
provision  imposing  such  tax  shall  remain  in 
force  until  the  corresponding-  lax  under  Ihis 
act  takes  effect  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Title    I.    of    the    revenue    act    of    1916     as 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


83 


amended  by  the  revenue  act  of  1917  shall  re 
main  in  force  for  the  assessment  and  collec- 
tion of  the  income  tax  in  Porto  Rico  and  the 
Philippine  islands,  except  as  may  be  other- 
wise provided  by  their  respective  legislatures. 
Sec.  1401.  That  section  1100  of  the  revenue 
act  of  1917  is  hereby  repealed,  to  take  effect 
on  July  1.  1919,  and  thereafter  the  rate  of 
postage  on  all  mail  matter  of  the  first  class 
shall  be  the  same  as  the  rate  in  force  on  Oct. 
2,  1917:  Provided,  That  letters  written  and 
mailed  by  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  as- 
signed to  duty  in  a  foreign  country  engaged 
in  the  present  war  may  be  mailed  free  of 
postage,  subject  to  such  rules  and  regulations 
as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  postmaster-gen- 
eral. 

Section  1107  of  such  act,  is  hereby  re- 
pealed, to  take  effect  July  11,  1919. 

Sec.  1402.  That  if  any  clause,  sentence, 
paragraph,  or  part  of  this  act  shall,  for  any 
reason  be  adjudged  by  any  court  of  competent 
jurisdiction  to  be  invalid,  such  judgment  shall 
not  affect,  impair,  or  invalidate  the  remainder 
of  this  act,  but  shall  be  confined  in  its  opera- 
tion to  the  clause,  sentence,  paragraph,  or 
.part  thereof  directly  involved  in  the  contro- 
versy in  which  such  judgment  has  been  ren- 
dered. 

Sec.  1403.  That  the  revenue  act  of  1916  is 
hereby  amended  by  adding  at  the  end  thereof 
a  section  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  903.  That  this  act  may  be  cited  as 
the  'revenue  act  of  1916.'  " 

Sec.  1404.  That  the  revenue  act  of  1917  is 
hereby  amended  by  adding  at  the  end  thereof 
a  section  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  1303.  That  this  act  may  be  cited  as 
the  'revenue  act  of  1917.'  " 

Sec.  1405.  That  this  act  may  be  cited  as 
the  "revenue  act  of  1918." 

Sec.  1406.  That  all  persons  serving  in  the 
military  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States 
during  the  present  war  who  have,  since  April 
6.  1917,  resigned  or  been  discharged  under 
honorable  conditions  (or,  in  the  case  of  re- 
servists, been  placed  on  inactive  duty),  or 
who  at  any  time  hereafter  (but  not  later  than 
the  termination  of  the  current  enlistment  or 
term  of  service)  in  the  case  of  the  enlisted 
personnel  and  female  nurses,  or  within  one 
year  after  the  termination  of  the  present  war 
in  the  case  of  officers,  may  resign  or  be  dis- 
charged under  honorable  conditions  (or,  in  the 
case  of  reservists,  be  placed  on  inactive  duty), 
shall  be  paid,  in  addition  to  all  other  amounts 
due  them  in  pursuance  of  law.  $60  each. 

This  amount  shall  not  be  paid  (1)  to  any 
person  who  though  appointed  or  inducted  into 
the  military  or  naval  forces  on  or  prior  to 
Nov.  11,  1918,  had  not  reported  for  duty  at 
his  station  on  or  prior  to  such  date;  or  (2) 
to  any  person  who  has  already  received  one 
month's  pay  under  the  provisions  of  section 
9  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  authorize 
the  president  to  increase  temporarily  the 
military  establishment  of  the  United  States," 
approved  May  18,  1917;  or  (3)  to  any  person 
who  is  entitled  to  retired  pay;  or  (4)  to  the 
heirs  or  legal  representatives  of  any  person 
entitled  to  any  payment  tinder  this  section 
who  has  died  or  may  die  before  receiving  such 
payment.  In  the  case  of  any  person  who 


subsequent  to  separation  from  the  service  as 
above  specified  has  been  appointed  or  inducted 
into  the  military  or  naval  forces  of  the 
United  States  and  has  been  or  is  again  sepa- 
rated from  the  service  as  above  specified,  only 
one  payment  of  $60  shall  be  made. 

The  above  amount,  in  the  case  of  separation 
from  the  service  on  or  prior  to  the  passage 
of  this  act.  shall  be  paid  as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable after  the  passage  of  this  act,  and  in 
the  case  of  separation  from  the  service  after 
the  passage  of  this  act  shall  be  paid  at  the 
time  of  such  separation. 

The  amounts  herein  provided  for  shall  be 
paid  out  of  the  appropriations  for  "pay  of  the 
army"  and  "pay  of  the  navy."  respectively 
by  such  disbursing  officers  as  may  be  desig- 
nated by  the  secretary  of  war  and  the  secre- 
tary of  the  navy. 

The  secretary  of  war  and  the  secretary  of 
the  navy  respectively  shall  make  all  regula- 
tions necessary  for  the  enforcement  of  the 
provisions  of  this  section. 

Sec.  1407.  That  the  provisions  of  section  5 
of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making-  appropria- 
tions for  the  service  of  the  postoffice  depart- 
ment for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1918, 
and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  3, 
1917,  relating-  to  intoxicating  liquors  in  inter- 
state commerce,  as  amended  by  seqtion  1110 
of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  revenue 
to  defray  war  expenses,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," approved  Oct.  3.  1917.  be,  and  the 
same  are  hereby,  made  applicable  to  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

Sec.  1408.  That  every  person  who  on  or  after 
April  6,  1917,  has  entered  into  any  contract, 
undertaking  or  agreement  with  the  United 
States,  or  with  any  department,  bureau,  officer, 
commission,  board,  or  agency  under  the  United 
States  or  acting  in  its  behalf,  or  with  any 
other  person  having  contract  relations  with  the 
United  States,  for  the  performance  of  any  work 
or  the  supplying-  of  any  materials  or  property 
for  the  use  of  or  for  the  account  of  the  United 
States,  shall,  within  thirty  days  after  a  request 
of  the  commissioner  therefor,  file  with  the 
commissioner  a  true  p.nd  correct  copy  of  every 
such  contract,  undertaking,  or  agreement. 

Whoever  fails  to  comply  with  such  request 
of  the  commissioner  shall  be  guilty  of  a  mis- 
demeanor and  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of 
not  more  than  $1,000,  or  by  imprisonment  for 
not  more  than  one  year,  or  both. 

The  commissioner  shall  (when  not  violative 
of  the  technical  military  or  naval  secrets  of 
the  government)  have  access  to  all  informa- 
tion and  data  relating  to  any  such  contract, 
undertaking,  or  agreement,  in  the  possession, 
control  or  custody  of  any  department,  bureau, 
board,  agency,  officer  or  commission  of  the 
United  States,  and  may  call  upon  any  such 
department,  bureau,  board,  agency,  officer  or 
commission  for  a  full  statement  and  descrip- 
tion of  any  allowance  for  amortization,  ob- 
solescence, depreciation  or  loss,  or  of  any 
valuation,  appraisal,  adjustment  or  final  set- 
tlement, made  in  pursuance  of  any  such  con- 
tract, undertaking  or  agreement. 

Sec.     1409.  That     unless    .othensrise    herein 
specially    provided,    this    act    shall   take   effect 
on  the  day  following  its  passage. 
Approved    6:55  p.  m.  Feb.  24.  1919. 


THE    CAPITOL    IN    WASHINGTON. 


The  corner  stone  of  the  original  capitol 
building-  was  laid  by  President  Washington 
Sept.  18.  1793.  The  north  wing  was  finished 
in  1810  and  the  south  wing  in  1811,  a  wooden 
passageway  connecting  them.  The  original  de- 
signs of  the  structure  were  made  by  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Thornton.  The  two  wings  were  burned 
by  the  British  in  1814.  but  were  immediately 
restored.  In  1827  the  original  building  was 
completed  at  a  cost  of  $2,433.844.13.  Exten-  ] 


sions  of  the  wings  were  begun  in  1851  and 
completed  in  1859.  The  dome,  which  is  287 
feet  5  inches  in  height,  was  completed  in  1865. 
The  capitol  stands  in  latitude  38  degrees  53 
minutes  20.4  seconds  north  and  longitude  77 
degrees  00  minutes  35.7  seconds  west  from 
Greenwich.  The  area  covered  by  the  build- 
ing is  153,112  square  feet.  Value  of  building- 
and  grounds:  Building.  $15.000,000:  grounds. 
S10.400.000:  total,  $25,400.000. 


84 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


WORK    OF     SIXTY-FIFTH    CONGRESS— THIRD     SESSION. 

Session  began  Dec.  2,  1918;  ended  March  4,   1919. 

FILIBUSTERING  SENATORS  REBUKED. 
Owing:  to  a  republican  filibuster  in  the  senate 
carried    out    by    L.    Y.    Sherman    of    Illinois. 


Act  to  provide  revenue,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses; passed  by  house  Sept.  20,  1918;  by 
senate  Dec.  23;  approved  Feb.  24,  1919. 


Act  to  provide  for  the  fourteenth  and  subse- 
quent censuses;  passed  by  house  July  2, 
1918;  by  senate  Jan.  17,  1919;  approved 
March  3,  1919. 

Act  to  amend  the  liberty  bond  acts  and  the 
war  finance  corporation  act;  passed  by 
house  Feb.  26,  1919;  by  senate  March  2; 
approved  March  3. 

Act  providing  for  the  relief  of  populations  m 
Europe  outside  the  former  German  alliance; 
passed  by  house  Jan.  13,  1919;  by  senate 
Jan.  24;  approved  Feb.  25. 

Act  to  enable  the  president  to  carry  out  the 
price  guaranties  made  to  producers  of  wheat 
of  the  crops  of  1918  and  1919  and  to  pro- 
tect the  United  States  against  undue  en- 
hancement of  its  liabilities  thereunder; 
passed  by  house  Feb.  22,  1919;  by  senate 
Feb.  28;  approved  March  4. 

Act  permitting  any  person  who  has  served  in 
the  United  States  army,  navy  or  marine 
corps  in  the  present  war  to  retain  his  uni- 
form and  personal  equipment  and  to  wear 
the  same  under  certain  conditions;  passed 
by  house  Dec.  16,  1918;  by  senate  Jan.  20, 
1919;  approved  Feb.  28. 

Act  to  authorize  the  resumption  of  voluntary 
enlistment  in  the  regular  army;  passad  by 
senate  Jan.  20,  1919;  by  house  Feb.  18; 
approved  Feb.  28. 

Act  to  provide  relief  in  cases  of  contracts 
connected  with  the  prosecution  of  the  war; 
passed  by  house  Jan.  9,  1919;  by  senate 
Jan.  30;  approved  March  2. 

Act  to  authorize  the  secretary  of  the  treasury 
to  provide  hospital  and  sanitarium  facili- 
ties for  discharged  sick  and  disabled  sol- 
diers, sailors  and  marines;  passed  by  house 
Jan.  27,  1919;  by  senate  Feb.  21;  approved 
March  3. 

Act  making  appropriations  for  the  payment 
of  invalid  and  other  pensions  of  the  United 
States  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1920;  passed  by  house  Feb.  1,  1919;  by 
senate  Feb.  11;  approved  Feb.  25.. 

Act  to  provide  for  the  award  of  medals  of 
honor,  distinguished  service  medals  and  navy 
crosses;  passed  by  house  Oct.  14,  1918;  by 
senate  Jan.  9,  1919;  approved  Feb.  4. 

Act  to  amend  fiftieth  article  of  war  relating 
to  court-martial  sentences:  passed  by  house 
Oct.  4,  1918:  by  senate  Feb.  24,  1919;  ap- 
proved Feb.  28. 

Act  to  establish  the  Grand  Canyon  National 
park  in  the  state  of  Arizona;  passed  by 
senate  May  16,  1918;  by  house  Jan.  20, 
1919;  approved  Feb.  26. 

Act  to  amend  the  federal  reserve  act;  passed 
by  senate  Jan.  20,  1919;  by  house  Feb.  17; 
approved  March  3. 

Act  to  amend  and  codify  laws  relating  to  the 
judiciary  (increasing  salaries,  etc.)  ;  passed 
by  house  Dec.  13.  1918;  by  senate  Jan.  18. 
1919;  approved  Feb.  25. 

Act  creating  a  commission  for  the  main- 
tenance, control,  care,  etc.,  of  the  Perry 
Victory  memorial  on  Put-in-Bay  island,  Lake 
Erie,  Ohio;  passed  by  house  Feb.  17,  1919; 
by  senate  Feb.  28;  approved  March  3. 

Act  to  establish  the  Lafayette  National  park 
in  the  state  of  Maine;  passed  by  senate 
Oct.  3,  1918;  by  house  Feb.  17,  1919;  ap- 
proved Feb.  26. 

Act  authorizing  the  secretary  of  the  interior 
to  make  investigations  through  the  bureau 
of  mines  of  lignite  coals  and  peat  to  de- 
termine practicability  of  their  utilization  as 
a  fuel  and  in  producing  commercial  products; 
passed  by  senate  July  6,  1918;  by  house 
Jan.  7.  1919;  approved  Feb.  25. 


Robert  M.  LaFollette  of  Wisconsin  and  Joseph 
I.  France  of  Maryland  several  important  meas- 
ures passed  by  the  house  failed  of  enactment 
by  the  65th  congress  when  it  expired  by  limita- 
tion March  4.  1919.  The  idea  of  the  senators 
seemed  to  be  that  by  taking-  this  course  of 
action  they  could  compel  the  president  to  call 
an  extra  session  of  the  66th  congress  in  which 
the  party  control  would  pass  from  the  demo- 
crats to  the  republicans.  Immediately  after 
the  adjournment  President  Wilson  issued  the 
following  statement: 

"A  group  of  men  in  the  senate  have  delib- 
erately chosen  to  embarrass  the  administration 
of  the  government,  to  imperil  the  financial 
interests  of  the  railway  systems  of  the  coun- 
try and  to  make  arbitrary  use  of  powera 
intended  to  be  employed  in  the  interest  of 
the  people. 

"It  is  plainly  my  present  duty  to  attend 
the  peace  conference  in  Paris.  It  is  also  my 
duty  to  be  in  close  contact  with  the  public 
business  during  a  session  of  the  congress.  I 
must  make  my  choice  between  these  two 
duties,  and  I  confidently  hope  that  the  people 
of  the  country  will  think  that  I  am  making1 
the  right  choice. 

"It  is  not  in  the  interest  of  the  right  con- 
duct of  public  affairs  that  I  should  call  the 
congress  in  special  session  "while  it  is  impos- 
sible for  me  to  be  in  Washington,  because  of 
a  more  pressing  duty  elsewhere,  to  co-operate 
with  the  houses. 

"I  take  it  for  granted  that  the  men  who 
have  obstructed  and  prevented  the  passage 
of  necessary  legislation  have  taken  all  of  this 
into  consideration  and  are  willing  to  assume 
the  responsibility  of  impaired  efficiency  of  the 
government  and  the  embarrassed  finances  of 
the  country  during  the  time  of  my  enforced 
absence." 


FAILED   OF   PASSAGE. 

Among  the  bills  of  importance  which  failed 
to  pass  because  of  the  filibuster  or  for  other 
reasons  were  the  following  appropriation  meas- 
ures: Army,  navy,  general  deficiency,  includ- 
ing §750.000,000  addition  to  the  revolving- 
fund  for  the  railroad  administration:  sundry 
civil,  agriculture.  District  of  Cplumbia  and 
Indian.  LegMative  measures  which  remained 
unacted  upon  included:  Water  power  and 
coal  and  oil  land  leasing  bills;  civil  service 
retirement  bill;  bill  to  extend  government  con- 
trol over  telegraph  and  telephones:  public 
buildings;  soldiers'  settlement  land  bill;  immi- 
gration: prohibition  enforcement:  repeal  of 
semi-luxury  tnx  and  woman  suffrage  constitu- 
tional amendment. 


PRICE    GUARANTIES    OF   WHEAT. 

An  act  to  enable  the  president  to  carry  out 
the  price  guaranties  made  to  producers  of 
wheat  of  the  crops  of  1918  and  1919  and  to 
protect  the  United  States  against  undue  en- 
hancement of  its  liabilities  thereunder. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  by  reason  of  the 
emergency  growing-  out  of  the  war  with  Ger- 
many and  in  order  to  carry  out  the  guaran- 
ties made  to  producers  of  wheat  of  the  crops 
of  1918  and  1919  by  the  two  proclamations 
of  the  president  of  the  United  States  dated, 
respectively,  the  21st  day  of  February, 
1918.  and  the  2d  day  of  September,  1918. 
pursuant  to  section  14  of  "An  act  to 
provide  further  for  the  national  security 
and  defense  by  encouraging  the  production, 
cons'prviner  the  supply,  and  controlling  the 
distribution  of  food  products  and  fuel."  ap- 
proved Augr.  10,  1917,  and  to  protect  the 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


85 


United  States  against  undue  enhancement  of 
its  liabilities  under  said  guaranties,  the  in- 
strumentalities, means,  methods,  power,  au- 
thorities, duties,  obligations  and  prohibitions 
hereinafter  set  forth  are  created,  established, 
conferred  and  prescribed. 

Sec.  2.  That,  in  carrying-  out  the  prpvisions 
of  this  act,  the  president  is  authorized  to 
make  such  regulations  and  issue  such  orders 
as  may  be  necessary,  to  enter  into  any  vol- 
untary arrangements  or  agreements,  to  use 
any  existing  agency  or  agencies,  to  accept  the 
services  of  any  person  without  compensation, 
to  co-operate  with  any  agency  or  person,  to 
utilize  any  department  or  agency  of  the  gov- 
ernment, including  the  food  administration 
grain  corporation,  and  to  co-ordinate  their 
activities  39  as  to  avoid  any  preventable  loss 
or  duplication  of  effort  or  funds. 

Sec.  3.  That  whenever  the  president  shall 
find  it  essential,  in  order  to  carry  out  the 
guaranties  aforesaid  or  to  protect  the  United 
States  against  undue  enhancement  of  its  lia- 
bilities thereunder,  he  is  authorized  to  buy, 
or  contract  for  the  purchase  of,  wheat  of  said 
crops  of  1918  and  1919  at  the  places  desig- 
nated for  the  delivery  of  the  same  by  the 
president's  proclamations  or  such  other  places 
as  he  may  designate,  for  cash  at  the  said 
guaranteed  prices,  and  he  is  authorized  there- 
after to  buy  or  contract  for  the  purchase  of, 
for  cash.  or  sell.  consign  or  contract 
for  the  sale  of.  for  cash  or  on  credit, 
wheat  of  the  said  crops  of  1918  and  1919 
and  flour  produced  therefrom  at  the  said  guar- 
anteed prices  or  at  such  other  prices  and  on 
such  terms  or  conditions  as  may  be  necessary 
to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  this  act  and  to 
enable  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  pur- 
chase wheat  products  at  a  reasonable  price; 
to  make  reasonable  compensation  for  handling, 
transportation,  insurance  and  other  charges 
•with  respect  to  wheat  and  wheat  flour  of  said 
crops,  and  for  storage  thereof  in  elevators. 
on  farms,  and  elsewhere:  to  take  such  steps, 
to  make  such  arrangements  and  to  adopt  such 
methods  as  may  be  necessary  to  maintain  and 
assure  an  adequate  and  continuous  flow  of 
wheat  and  wheat  flour  in  the  channels  of  trade, 
including  the  protection  or  indemnification  of 
millers,  wholesalers,  jobbers,  bakers  and  retail 
merchants  who  purchase  in  carload  lots  against 
actual  loss  by  them  on  account  of  abnormal 
fluctuations  in  the  price  of  wheat  and  wheat 
flour  of  said  crops  due  tcv  the  action  of  the 
government:  to  borrow  such  sums  of  money  as 
may  be  secured  by  the  property  or  other  assets 
acquired  under  this  act;  to  lease  and  utilize 
storage  facilities  for,  and  to  store,  such  wheat 
and  wheat  flour;  and  to  requisition  storage 
facilities  therefor.  He  shall  ascertain  and  pay 
a  just  compensation  for  facilities  so  requisi- 
tioned. If  the  compensation  so  ascertained  by 
the  president  be  not  satisfactory  to  the  person 
entitled  to  receive  the  same,  such  person  shall 
be  paid  75  per  centum  of  such  amount 
and  shall  be  entitled  to  sue  the  United  States 
to  recover  such  further  sum  as,  added  to 
said  75  per  centum,  will  make  up  such 
amount  as  will  be  just  compensation  for  such 
facilities:  and  jurisdiction  is  hereby  conferred 
on  the  United  States  District  courts  to  hear 
and  determine  all  such  controversies. 

Sec.  4.  That  whenever  the  president  shall 
find  that  operations,  practices  or  transactions 
at,  on,  in  or  under  the  rules  of  anv  ex- 
change, board  of  trade  or  similar  institu- 
tion or  place  of  business  cause  or  are  likely 
to  cause  unjust  market  manipulation,  or  un- 
fair and  misleading-  market  quotations,  or  un- 
due depression  or  fluctuation  of  the  prices  of. 
or  injurious  speculation  in,  wheat  or  wheat 
flour,  hereafter  in  this  section  called  evil  prac- 
tices, calculated  or  likely  to  enhance  unduly 
the  liabilities  of  the  United  States  under  the 
said  guaranties,  he  is  authorized  to  prescribe 
such  regulations  governingr,  or  may  either 


wholly  or  partly  prohibit,  operations,  prac- 
tices and  transactions  in  wheat  or  wheat 
flour  at.  on.  in  or  under  the  rules  of  any 
exchange,  board  of  trade  or  similar  institu- 
tion or  place  of  business  as  he  may  find 
essential  in  order  to  prevent,  correct  or  re- 
move such  evil  practices.  Such  regulations 
may  require  all  persons  coming  within  their 
provisions  to  keep  such  records  and  state- 
ments of  account,  and  may  require  such  per- 
sons to  make  such  returns,  verified  under  oath 
or  otherwise,  as  will  fully  and  correctly  dis- 
close all  transactions  in  wheat  or  wheat  flour 
at,  in,  on  or  under  the  rules  of  any  such  ex- 
phange,  board  of  trade  or  similar  institution 
or  place  of  business,  including  the  making, 
execution,  settlement  and  fulfillment  thereof. 
He  may  also  require  all  persons  acting  in  the 
capacity  of  a  clearing  house,  clearing  associa- 
tion or  similar  institution,  for  the  purpose  of 
clearing,  settling  or  adjusting  transactions  in 
wheat  or  wheat  flour  at.  in,  on  or  under  the 
rules  of  any  such  exchange,  board  of  trade 
or  similar  institution  or  place  of  business,  to 
keep  such  records  and  to  make  such  returns 
as  will  fully  and  correctly  disclose  all  facts 
in  their  possession  relating  to  such  transac- 
tions, and  he  may  appoint  agents  to  conduct 
all  investigations  necessary  to  enforce  the 
provisions  of  this  section  and  all  regulations 
made  by  him  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  may 
fix  and  pay  the  compensation  of  such  agents. 
Any  person  who  intentionally  and  willfully 
violates  any  regulation  made  pursuant  to  this 
section,  or  who  knowingly  engages  in  any 
operation,  practice  or  transaction  prohibited 
pursuant  to  this  section,  or  who  intentionally 
and  willfully  aids  or  abets  in  such  violation, 
or  any  such  prohibited  operation,  practice 
or  transaction,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  be 
punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  81,000.  The 
president  shall  take  seasonable  steps  to  pro- 
vide for  and  to  permit  the  establishment  of 
a  free  and  open  market  for  the  purchase, 
sale  and  handling  of  wheat  and  wheat 
products  upon  the  expiration  of  this  act. 

Sec.  5.  That,  from  time  to  time,  whenever 
the  president  shall  find  it  essential  to  license 
any  business  of  importation,  exportation, 
manufacture,  storage  or  distribution  of  wheat 
or  wheat  flour  in  order  to  carry  into  effect 
any  of  the  purposes  of  this  act.  and  shall 
publicly  so  announce:  Provided,  That  as  be- 
tween the  two  articles  mentioned  preference 
shall  be  given  to  the  exportation  of  flour,  ex- 
cept when  the  public  interest  would,  in  the 
judgment  of  the  president,  be  injuriously  af- 
fected thereby,  no  person  shall,  after  a  date 
fixed  in  the  announcement,  engage  in  or  carry 
on  any  such  business  specified  in  the  an- 
nouncement unless  he  shall  secure  and  hold  a 
license  issued  pursuant  to  this  section.  The 
regulations  prescribed  pursuant  to  this  act 
may  include  requirements  with  respect  to  the 
issuance  of  licenses,  systems  of  accounts  and 
the  auditing  of  accounts  to  be  kept  by 
licensees,  submission  of  reports  by  them,  with 
or  without  oath  or  affirmation,  and  the  entry 
and  inspection  by  the  president's  duly  author- 
ized agents  of  the  plnces  of  business  of  li- 
censees. It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  licensee 
to  engage  in  any  unfairly  discriminatory  or 
deceptive  practice  or  device,  or  to  make  any 
unjust  or  unreasonable  rate,  commission  or 
charge,  or  to  exact  an  unreasonable  profit  or 
price,  in  handling  or  dealing  in  or  with  wheat, 
wheat  flour,  bran  and  shorts.  Whenever  the 
president  shall  find  that  any  practice,  device, 
rate,  commission,  charge,  profit  or  price  of 
any  licensee  is  unfairly  discriminatory,  de- 
ceptive, unjust  or  unreasonable,  and  shall 
order  such  licensee,  within  a  reasonable  time 
fixed  in  the  order,  to  discontinue  the  same,  un- 
less such  order,  which  shall  recite  the  facts 
found,  is  revoked  or  suspended,  such  licensee 
shall,  within  the  time  prescribed  in  the  order, 
discontinue  such  unfairly  discriminatory,  de- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB    1920. 


ceptive,  unjust  or  unreasonable  practice,  de- 
yice,  rate,  commission,  charge,  profit  or  price. 
The  president  may,  in  lieu  of  any  such  un- 
fairly discriminatory,  deceptive,  unjust  or  un- 
teasonable  practice,  device,  rate,  commission, 
charge,  profit  or  price,  find  what  is  a  fair, 
lust  or  reasonable  practice,  device,  rate,  com- 
mission, charge,  profit  or  price,  and  in  any 
proceeding  brought  in  any  court  such  order  of 
the  president  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence. 
Any  person  who.  without  a  license  issued  pur- 
suant to  this  section,  or  whose  license  shall 
have  been  suspended  or  revoked  after  opppr- 
tunity  to  be  heard  has  been  afforded  him,  in- 
tentionally and  knowingly  engages  in  or  car- 
ries on  any  business  for  which  a  license  is  re- 
Quired  under  this  section,  or  intentionally  and 
willfully  fails  or  refuses  to  discontinue  any 
unfairly  discriminatory,  deceptive,  unjust  or 
unreasonable  practice,  device,  rate,  commis- 
sion, charge,  profit  or  price,  in  accordance 
with  the  requirement  of  an  order  issued  un- 
der this  section,  or  intentionally  and  willfully 
violates  any  regulation  prescribed  under  this 
act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and  upon  conviction  thereof  be  punished  by  a 
fine  not  exceeding  $1,000:  Provided,  That 
this  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  farmer  or 
co-operative  association  of  farmers  or  other 
person  with  respect  to  the  products  of  any 
farm  or  other  land  owned,  leased  or  cultivat- 
ed by  him,  nor  to  any  common  carrier. 

Sec.  6.  That  whenever  the  president  shall 
find  it  essential  in  carrying  out  the  guaranties 
aforesaid,  or  to  protect  the  United  States 
against  undue  enhancement  of  its  liabilities 
thereunder,  and  shall  make  proclamation  there- 
of, it  shall  be  unlawful  to  import  into  the 
United  States  from  any  country  named  in  such 
proclamation,  or  to  export  from  or  ship  from 
or  take  out  of  the  United  States  to  any  coun- 
try named  in  such  proclamation,  wheat,  semo- 
lina or  wheat  flour,  except  at  such  time  or 
times,  and  under  such  regulations  or  orders, 
and  subject  to  such  limitations  and  exceptions 
as  the  president  shall  prescribe,  until  other- 
wise ordered  by  the  president  or  by  congress: 
Provided,  That  no  preference  shall  be  given  to 
the  ports  of  one  state  over  those  of  another. 
Any  person  who  shall  import,  export,  ship  or 
take  out  of  the  United  States,  or  attempt  to 
import,  export,  ship  or  take  out  of  the  United 
States,  any  wheat,  semolina  or  wheat  flour  in 
violation  of  this  section  or  of  any  regulation 
or  order  made  hereunder.  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemaanor.  and  upon  conviction 
thereof  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding 
$1,000:  Provided  further,  That  when  the  pres- 
ident finds  that  the  importation  into  the  United 
States  of  any  wheat,  semolina  or  wheat  flour 
produced  outside  of  the  United  States  materi- 
ally enhances  or  is  likely  materially  to  en- 
hance the  liabilities  of  the  United  States  und?r 
guaranties  of  prices  therefor  made  pursuant 
to  law.  and  ascertains  what  rate  of  duty,  add- 
ed to  the  then  existing  rate  of  duty  on  wheat 
and  to  the  value  of  wheat,  semolina  or  wheat 
flour  at  the  time  of  importation,  would  be  suf- 
ficient to  bring  the  price  thereof  at  which  im- 
ported up  to  the  price  fixed  or  prevailing  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  president  under  or  pur- 
suant to  this  act.  he  shall  proclaim  such  facts, 
and  thereafter  there  shall  be  levied,  collected 
and  paid  upon  wheat,  semolina  or  wheat  flour 
when  imported  in  addition  to  the  then  exist- 
ing rate  of  duty  the  rate  of  duty  so  ascer- 
tained: but  in  no  case  shall  any  such  rate  of 
duty  be  fixed  at  an  amount  which  will  effect 
a  reduction  of  the  rate  of  duty  upon  wheat, 
semolina  or  wheat  flour  under  any  then  exist- 
ing tariff  law  of  the  United  States. 

That  the  United  States  cotton-futures  act, 
approved  Aug.  11,  1916  (Thirty-ninth  statutes 
at  large,  page  476),  is  hereby  amended  as  fol- 
lows: 

In  the  fifth  subdivision  of  section  5  of 
said  act,  strike  out  the  words  "good  ordinary" 
whenever  the  same  occur  and  substitute  there- 


for the  words  "low  middling";  strike  out  the 
words  "low  middling"  and  substitute  therefor 
the  word  "middling";  and  strike  out  the 
words  "if  stained,  cotton  that  is  below  the 
grade  of  middling"  and  substitute  therefor 
the  words  "if  yellow  stained,  cotton  that  is 
below  the  grade  of  strict  middling,  or,  if 
blue  stained,  cotton  that  is  below  the  grade 
of  good  middling,"  so  that  the  said  subdivi- 
sion shall  read  as  follows: 

"Fifth.  Provide  that  cotton  that,  because  of 
the  presence  of-  extraneous  matter  of  any 
character,  or  irregularities  or  defects,  is  re- 
duced in  value  below  that  of  low  middling, 
or  cotton  that  is  below  the  grade  of  low  mid- 
dling, or,  if  tinged,  cotton  that  is  below  the 
grade  of  strict  middling,  or,  if  yellow  stained, 
cotton  that  is  below  the  grade  of  good  mid- 
dling, the  grades  mentioned  being  of  the  offi- 
cial cotton  standards  of  the  United  States,  or 
cotton  that  is  less  than  seventh-eighths  of 
an  inch  in  length  of  staple,  or  cotton  of  per- 
ished staple  or  of  immature  staple,  or  cotton 
that  is  'gin  cut'  or  reginned.  or  cotton  that  is 
'repacked'  or  'false  packed'  or  'mixed  packed' 
or  'water  packed,'  shall  not  be  delivered  on. 
under  or  in  settlement  of  such  contract." 

Strike  out  the  sentence  comprising  the  sev- 
enth subdivision  of  section  5  of  said  act 
and  substitute  therefor  the  following: 

"Seventh.  Provided.  That  all  tenders  of  cot- 
ton and  settlements  therefor  under  such  con- 
tract shall  be  in  accordance  with  the  classi- 
fication thereof  made  under  the  regulations  of 
the  secretary  of  agriculture  by  such  officer 
or  officers  of  the  government  as  shall  be  des- 
ignated for  the  purpose,  and  the  costs  of  such 
classification  shall  be  fixed,  assessed,  collected 
and  paid  as  provided  in  such  regulations.  All 
moneys  collected  as  such  costs  may  be  used  as 
a  revolving  fund  for  carrying  out  the  pur- 
poses of  this  subdivision,  and  section  19  of 
this  act  is  amended  accordingly." 

Strike  out  the  last  sentence  of  section  5  of 
said  act  and  substitute  therefor  the  following: 

"The  secretary  of  agriculture  is  author- 
ized to  prescribe  regulations  for  carrying  out 
the  purposes  of  the  seventh  subdivision  of 
this  section,  and  the  certificates  of  the  offi- 
cers of  the  government  as  to  the  classifica- 
tion of  a«y  cotton  for  the  purposes  of  said 
subdivision  shall  be  accepted  in  the  courts 
of  the  United  States  in  all  suits  between  the 
parties  to  such  contract,  or  their  privies,  as 
prima  facie  evidence  of  the  true  classifica- 
tion of  the  cotton  involved." 

The  foregoing  amendments  to  section  5 
of  said  act  shall  become  effective  on  and  after 
the  approval  of  this  act.  but  nothing  herein 
shall  be  construed  to  diminish  any  authority 
conferred  on  any  official  of  the  United  States 
necessary  to  enable  him  to  carry  out  any 
duties  remaining  to  be  performed  by  him  un- 
der said  act  as  unamended.  or  to  impair  the 
effect  of  such  act  as  to  any  contract  subject 
to  its  provisions  entered  into  prior  to  the  ef- 
fective date  of  said  amendments,  or  to  im- 
pair the  effect  of  the  findings  of  the  secre- 
tary of  agriculture  upon  any  dispute  referred 
to  him  xinder  said  section  5  as  unamended. 

Effective  on  and  after  the  date  of  the  pass- 
age of  this  act.  insert  at  the  end  of  section 
8  of  said  act  the  following: 

"Provided  further.  That  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  any  person  engaged  in  the  business 
ocf  dealing  in  cotton,  when  requested  by  the 
secretary  of  agriculture  or  any  agent  acting- 
under  his  instructions,  to  answer  correctly  to 
the  best  of  his  knowledge,  under  oath  or 
otherwise,  all  questions  touching  his  knowl- 
edge of  the  number  of  bales,  the  classifica- 
tion, the  price  or  bona  fide  price  offered,  and 
other  terms  of  purchase  or  sale,  of  any  cot- 
ton involved  in  any  transaction  participated 
in  by  him,  or  to  produce  all  books,  letters, 
papers  or  documents  in  his  possession  or  un- 
der his  control  relating  to  such  matter.  Any 
such  person  who  shnll.  within  a  reasonable 
time  prescribed  by  the  secretary  of  agricul- 
ture or  such  agent,  willfully  fail  or  refuse 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


87 


to  answer  such  Questions  or  to  produce  such 
books,  letters,  papers  or  documents,  or  who 
shall  willfully  give  any  answer  that  is  false 
or  misleading,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall 
be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding-  $500." 

Sec.  7.  That  any  person  who  intentionally 
and  knowingly  makes  any  false  statement  or 
representation  to  any  officer,  agent  or  employe 
of  the  United  States  engaged  in  the  perform- 
ance of  any  duty  under  this  act.  or  falsely 
represents  to  any  of  said  persons  that  the 
wheat  he  offers  for  sale  was  grown  as  a 
part  of  the  1918  or  1919  crops  for  the  pur- 
pose of  securing  any  of  the  benefits  of  the 
aforesaid  guaranties,  or  any  person  who  will- 
fully assaults,  resists,  impedes  or  interferes 
with  any  officer,  agent  or  employe  of  the 
United  States  in  the  execution  of  any  duty 
authorized  to  be  performed  by  or  pursuant 
to  this  act,  or  any  person  who  intentionally 
and  knowingly  violates  any  regulation  issued 
pursuant  to  this  act.  except  as  otherwise 
made  punishable  in  this  act.  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and.  upon  convic- 
tion thereof,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not 
exceeding  $1.000. 

Sec.  8.  That  for  carrying-  out  the  aforesaid 
guaranties  and  otherwise  for  the  purpose  of 
this  act.  there  is  hereby  appropriated,  put  of 
any  moneys  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  ap- 
propriated, to  be  available  during  the  time 
this  act  is  in  effect,  the  sum  of  $1,000,000,- 
000.  of  which  not  to  exceed  $3,000,000  may 
be  used  for  such  administrative  expenses,  in- 
cluding- the  payment  of  such  rent,  the  ex- 
pense, including  postage,  of  such  printing  and 
publications,  the  purchase  of  such  material 
and  equipment,  and  the  employment  of  such 
persons  and  means  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
and  elsewhere,  as  the  president  may  deem 
essential.  Any  moneys  received  by  the  United 
States  from  or  in  connection  with  the  dis- 
posal by  the  United  States  of  wheat  or  wheat 
flour  under  this  act  may,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  president,  be  used  as  a  revolving  fund 
for  further  carrying  out  the  purposes  of  this 
act.  Any  balance  of  such  moneys  not  used 
as  part  of  such  revolving  fund  shall  be  cov- 
ered into  the  treasury  as  miscellaneous  re- 
ceipts: Provided,  That  no  part  of  this  ap- 
propriation shall  be  used  to  pay  rent  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

Sec.  9.  That  an  itemized  statement,  cover- 
ing all  receipts  and  disbursements  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filed  with  the  secretary  of  the 
senate  and  the  clerk  of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives on  or  before  the  twenty-fifth  day 
of  each  month  after  the  taking  effect  of  this 
act.  covering  the  business  of  the  preceding 
month,  and  such  statement  shall  be  subject  to 
public  inspection.  Not  later  than  the  expira- 
tion of  sixty  days  after  this  act  shall  cease 
to  be  in  effect  the  president  shall  cause  a 
detailed  report  to  be  made  to  the  congress  of 
all  proceedings  had  under  this  act.  Such  re- 
port shall,  in  addition  to  other  matters,  con- 
tain an  account  of  all  persons  appointed  or 
employed,  the  salary  or  compensation  paid  or 
allowed  each,  the  aggregate  amount  of  the 
different  kinds  of  property  purchased  or  re- 
quisitioned, the  use  and  disposition  made  of 
such  property,  and  a  statement  of  all  receipts 
and  expenditures,  together  with  a  statement 
showing  the  general  character  and  estimated 
value  of  all  property  then  on  hand,  and  the 
aggregate  amount  and  character  of  all  claims 
against  the  United  States  growing  out  of  this 
act. 

Sec.  10,  That  words  used  in  this  act  shall 
be  construed  to  import  the  plural  or  singular, 
as  the  case  demands;  the  word  "person," 
wherever  used  in  this  act,  shall  include  in- 
dividuals, partnerships,  associations  and  cor- 
porations. When  construing  and  enforcing 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  act,  omission, 
or  failure  of  any  official,  agent  or  other  per- 
son acting  for  or  employed  by  any  indi- 
vidual, partnership,  association  or  corporation 
within  the  scope  of  his  employment  or  of- 


fice shall  in  every  case  also  be  deemed  the 
act,  omission  or  failure  of  such  individual, 
partnership,  association  or  corporation  as 
well  as  that  of  the  person. 

Sec.  11.  That  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall  cease  to  be  in  effect  whenever  the  presi- 
dent shall  find  that  the  emergency  growing 
out  of  the  war  with  Germany  has  passed  and 
that  the  further  execution  of  the  provision  of 
this  act  is  no  longer  necessary  for  its  pur- 
poses, the  date  of-  which  termination  shall  be 
ascertained  and  proclaimed  by  the  president; 
but  the  date  when  this  act  shall  cease  to  be 
in  effect  shall  not  be  later  than  the  first  day 
of  June,  1920:  Provided,  That  after  June  1. 
1920,  neither  the  president  nor  any  agency 
acting  for  him  shall  purchase  or  contract  for 
the  purchase  of  wheat  or  flour.  The  termi- 
nation of  this  act  shall  not  affect  any  art 
done,  or  any  right  or  obligation  accruing  or 
accrued,  or  any  suit  or  proceeding  had  or 
commenced  in  any  civil  case  before  the  said 
termination  pursuant  to  this  act;  but  all 
rights  and  liabilities  under  this  act  arising- 
before  its  termination  shall  continue  and 
may  be  enforced  in  the  same  manner  as  if 
the  act  had  not  terminated.  Any  offense  com- 
mitted and  all  penalties  or  liabilities  incurred 
prior  to  such  termination  may  be  prosecuted 
or  punished  in  the  same  manner  and  with 
the  same  effect  as  if  this  act  had  not  been 
terminated.  (Approved  March  4,  1919.) 

VALIDATION  OF  WAR  CONTRACTS. 
The  secrefary  of  war  is  hereby  authorized 
to  adjust,  pay  or  discharge  any  agreement, 
express  or  implied,  upon  a  fair  and  equitable 
basis  that  has  been  entered  into  in  good 
faith  during  the  present  emergency  and  prior 
to  Nov.  12,  1918,  by  any  officer  or  agent 
acting  under  his  authority,  direction  or  in- 
struction or  that  of  the  president,  with  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  for  the  acquisi- 
tion of  lands  or  the  use  thereof,  or  for  dam- 
ages resulting  from  notice  by  the  government 
of  its  intention  to  acquire  or  use  said  lands, 
or  for  the  production,  manufacture,  sale, 
acquisition  or  control  of  equipment,  materials 
or  supplies,  or  for  services,  or  for  facilities, 
or  other- purposes  connected  with  the  prosecu- 
tion of  the  war,  when  such  agreement  has 
been  performed  in  whole  or  in  part,  or  ex- 
penditures have  been  made  or  obligations  in- 
curred upon  the  faith  of  the  same  by  any 
such  person,  firm  or  corporation  prior  to 
Nov.  12,  1918,  and  such  agreement  has  not 
been  executed  in  the  manner  prescribed  by 
law:  Provided,  That  in  no  case  shall  any 
award  either  by  the  secretary  of  war  or  the 
Court  of  Claims  include  prospective  or  pos- 
sible profits  on  any  part  ol  the  contract  be- 
yond the  goods  and  supplies  delivered  to  and 
accepted  by  the  United  States  and  a  reason- 
able remuneration  for  expenditures  a-nd  ob- 
ligations or  liabilities  necessarily  incurred  in 
performing  or  preparing  to  perform  said  con- 
tract or  order:  Provided  further.  That  this 
act  shall  not  authorize  payment  to  be  made 
of  any  claim  not  presented  before  June  30. 
1919:  And  provided  further.  That  the  sec- 
retary of  war  shall  report  to  congress  at 
the  beginning  of  its  next  session  following 
June  30,  1919,  a  detailed  statement  showing 
the  nature,  terms  and  conditions  of  every 
such  agreement  and  the  payment  or  adjust- 
ment thereof:  And  provided  further.  That 
no  settlement  of  any  claim  arising  under  any 
such  agreement  shall  bar  the  United  States 
government  through  any  of  its  duly  author- 
ized agencies  or  any  committee  ol  congress 
hereafter  duly  appointed  from  the  right  of 
review  of  such  settlement,  nor  the  right  of 
recovery  of  any  money  paid  by  the  govern- 
ment to  any  party  under  any  settlement  en- 
tered into,  or  payment  made  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  if  the  government  has  been 
defrauded,  and  the  right  of  recovery  in  all 
such  cases  shall  exist  against  the  executors, 


88 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


administrators,    heirs 

of   any   party    or  parties:      And 

r    That   nothing  in   this    act    shall   be  con- 
relieve    any   officer  or   agent   of   the 


p 

shall  in  no  way   relieve   or  excuse   any  officer 


^^ffi^i^a^s^  aM: 

duel  bookl  papers  and  letters  or  other  docu- 
ments: and  the  claim  that  any  .such  testi- 
trinnv  or  evidence  may  tend  to  criminate  tne 
p^-son  giving  the  same  shall  not  excuse  such 
witness  from  testifying,  but  such  evidence  or 

S^^€^^^^^^' 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Court  of.  Claims  is  hereby 
eiven  jurisdiction  on  petition  of  any  indi- 
vidual, firm,  company  or  'corporation  referred 
in  in  section  1  hereof,  to  find  and  award 
lair  and  just  compensation  in  the  cases  speci- 
fied in  said  section  in  the  event  that  such  in- 
dividual, firm,  company  or  corporation  shall 
not  be  willing  to  accept  the  Adjustment  pay- 
ment or  compensation  offered  by  the  secre- 
tary of  war  as  hereinbefore  provided,  or  in 
the  event  that  the  secretary  of  war  shall  fail 
or  refuse  to  offer  a  satisfactory .  adjustment, 
payment  or  compensation  as  provided  lor  in 
said  section. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  secretary  of  war.  through 
such  agency  as  he  may  designate  or  estab- 
lish is  •  empowered,  upon  such  terms  as  he 
or  it  may  determine  to  be  in  the  interest  of 
the  United  States,  to  make  equitable  and  fair 
adjustments  and  agreements,  upon  the  termi- 
nation or  in  settlement  or  readjustment  of 
agreements  or  arrangements  entered  into  with 
any  foreign  government  or  governments  or 
nationals  thereof,  prior  to  Nov.  12.  1918, 
lor  the  furnishing  to  the.  American  expedi- 
tionary forces  or  otherwise  for  war  pur- 
poses of  supplies,  materials,  facilities  serv- 
ices or  the  use  of  property  or  for -the s  fur- 
nishing' of  any  thereof  by  the  United  State 
to  an?  foreign  government  or  governments, 
whether  or  not  such  agreements  or  arrange- 
ments have  been  entered  into  in  accordance 
with  applicable  statutory  provisions;  and 
the  other  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not 
be  applicable  to  such  adjustments. 

Sec  4.  That  whenever,  under  the  provisions 
of  this  act  the  secretary  of  war  shall  make 
an  award  to  any  prime  contractor  with  re- 
tpect  to  any  portion  of  his  contract  which 
he  shall  have  sublet  to  any  other  person  firm 
or  corporation  who  has  in.  good  faith  made 
expenditures  incurred  obligations.,  rendered 
service  or  furnished  material,  equipment  or 
supplies  to  such  prime  contractor,  with  the 
knowledge  and  approval  of  any  agent  of  the 
secretary  of  the  war  duly  authorized  there- 
unto before  payment  of  said  award. the  sec- 
retary of  war  shall  require  such  prime  con- 
tractor to  present  satisfactory  evidence  of 
having  paid  said  subcontractor  or  of  the 
consent  of  said  subcontractor  to  look  for  his 
compensation  to  said  prime  contractor  only, 
and  in  the  case  of  the  failure  of  said  prime 
contractor  to  present  such  evidence  or  such 
consent,  the  secretary  of  war  shad  pay 
rectly  to  said  subcontractor  the  amount 
found  to  be  due  under  said  award:  and  in 
case  of  the  insolvency  of  any  prime  con- 
tractor the  subcontractor  of  said  Prime  con- 
tractor shall  have  a  lien  upon  the  funds 
arising  from  said  award  prior  and  superior  t 
the  lien  of  any  general  creditor  of  said  prime 
contractor.  *  .  .  .  . 

Sec.  5.  That  the  secretary  of  the  interior 
be,  and  he  hereby  is.  authorized  to  admst 
liquidate  and  pay  such  net  losses  as  have 


been  suffered  by  any  person,  firm  or  corpo- 
ration by  reason  of  producing  or  preparing 
to  produce  either  manganese,  chrome,  pyrites 
or  tungsten  in  compliance  with  the  request 
or  demand  of  the  department  of  the  interior, 
the  war  industries  board,  the  war  trade  board 
the  shipping-  board,  or  the  emergency  fleet 
corporation  to  supply  the  urgent  needs  of  the 
nation  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war;  said 
minerals  being  enumerated  in  the  act  of  con- 
gess  approved  Oct.  5,  1918,  entitled  "An  act 
to  provide  further  for  the  national  security 
and  defense  by  encouraging  the  production, 
conserving  the  supply,  and  controlling  the  dis- 
tribution ol  those  ores,  metals,  and  minerals 
which  have  formerly  been  largely  imported, 
or  of  which  there  is  or  may  be  an  inadequate 
supply." 

The  said  secretary  shall  make  such  adjust- 
ments  and  payments  in  each  case  as  he  shall 
determine  to  be  just  and  equitable;  that  the 
decision  of  said  secretary  shall  be  conclusive 
and  final,  subject  to  the  limitation  hereinafter 
provided;  that  all  payments  and  expenses  in- 
curred by  said  secretary,  including  personal 
services,  traveling  and  subsistence  expenses, 
supplies,  postage,  printing  and  all  other  ex- 
penses incident  to  the  proper  prosecution  of 
this  work,  both  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
and  elsewhere,  as  the  secretary  of  the  interior 
may  deem  essential  and  proper,  shall  be  paid 
from  the  funds  appropriated  by  the  said  act 
of  Oct.  5,  1918,  and  that  said  funds  and  ap- 
propriations shall  continue  to  be  available  for 
said  purpose  until  such  time  as  the  said  sec- 
retary shall  have  fully  exercised  the  authority 
herein  granted  and  performed  and  completed 
the  duties  hereby  provided  and  imposed;  Pro- 
vided, however.  That  the  payments  and  dis- 
bursements made  under  the  provisions  of  this 
section  for  and  in  connection  with  the  pay- 
ments and  settlements  of  the  claims  herein 
described  and  the  said  expenses  of  adminis- 
tration shall  in  no  event  exceed  the  sum  of 
$8,500.000:  And  provided  further.  That  said 
secretary  shall  consider,  approve,  and  dispose 
of  only  such  claims  as  shall  be  made  here- 
under and  filed  with  the  department  of  the 
interior  within  three  months  from  and  after 
the  approval  of  this  act :  And  provided  fur- 
ther. That  no  claim  shall  be  allowed  or  paid 
by  said  secretary  unless  it  shall  appear  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  said  secretary  that  the  ex- 
penditures so  made  or  obligations  so  incurred 
by  the  claimant  were  made  in  good  faith  for 
or  upon  property  which  contained  either  man- 
ganese, chrome,  pyrites  or  tungsten  in  suffi- 
cient quantities  to  be  of  commercial  impor- 
tance: And  provided  further.  That  no  claims 
shall  be  paid  unless  it  shall  appear  to  the 
satisfaction  of  said  secretary  that  moneys  were 
invested  or  obligations  were  incurred  subse- 
quent to  April  6,  1917,  and  prior  to  Nov.  12. 
1918.  in  a  legitimate  attempt  to  produce  either 
manganese,  chrome,  pyrites  or  tungsten  for 
the  needs  of  the  nation  for  the  prosecution  of 
the  war.  and  that  no  profits  of  any  kind  shall 
be  included  in  the  allowance  of  any  of  said 
claims,  and  that  no  investment  for  merely 
speculative  purposes  shall  be  recognized  in  any 
manner  by  said  secretary:  And  provided  fur- 
ther, That  the  settlement  of  any  claim  aris- 
ing under  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall 
not  bar  the  United  States  government,  through 
any  of  its  duly  authorized  agencies  or  any 
committee  of  congress  hereafter  duly  appoint- 
ed, from  the  right  of  review  of  such  settle- 
ment, nor  the  right  to  recover  any  mo^ey 
paid  by  the  government  to  any  party  under 
and  by  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion, if  the  government  has  been  defrauded, 
and  the  right  of  recovery  in  all  such  cases 
shall  extend  to  the  executors,  administrators, 
heirs  and  assigns  of  any  party. 

That    a  report    of   all   operations   under  this 
I  section,    including   receipts    and    disbursements. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


89 


shall   be   made   to    congress   on   or    before    the 
first  Monday  in  December  of  each  year. 

That  nothing-  in  this  section  shall  be  con- 
strued to  confer  jurisdiction  upon  any  court 
to  entertain  a  s-uit  against  the  United  States: 
Provided  further.  That  in  determining-  the  net 
losses  of  any  claimant  the  secretary  of  the  in- 
terior shall,  among-  other  thing*.  take  into 
consideration  and  charge  to  the  claimant  the 
then  market  value  of  any  ores  or  minerals  on 
hand  belonging-  to  the  claimant,  and  also  the 
salvag-e  or  usable  value  of  any  machinery  or 
other  appliances  which  may  be  claimed  was 
purchased  to  equip  said  mine  for  the  Purpose 
of  complying-  with  the  request  or  demand  of 
the  agencies  of  the  government  above  men- 
tioned in  the  manner  aforesaid.  (Approved 
March  2,  1919.) 

REPEAL  OF  MILITARY  APPROPRIATIONS. 
The  second  deficiency  appropriation  acL°+ 
1919  approved  Feb.  25.  1919.  provides  that 
the  following-  unexpended  balances  or  por- 
tions of  unexpended  balances  or  combined 
unexpended  balances  or  combined.  portions  of 
unexpended  balances  of  appropriations  for  the 
support  of  the  military  establishment  con- 
tained in  appropriation  acts  or  for  fiscal 
years  enumerated  in  this  section  shall  be 
carried  to  the  surplus  fund  and  be  cov- 
ered into  the  treasury  immediately  upon  the 
approval  of  this  act,  namely: 

Office  of  Chief  Signal  Officer. 


For    expenses    of    the 
arrnv     fiscal    vear    1919  . 

aThe  Authorization  of'  $45.000000  for  ex- 
penses of  the  signal  service  of  the  army.,  con- 
tained in  the  first  deficiency  appropriation 
act.  1919.  is  repealed.  . 

Total    appropriations    and    authorizations  re- 
covered.    signal    service.    S128.373.200.04. 
Office  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General. 

For  all  expenses  necessary  in  the  registra- 
tion of  persons  available  for  military  serv- 
ice and  in  selection  of  certain  such  persons 
and  their  draft  into  the  military  service, 
fiscal  year  1919.  812,040,047. 

Division  of  Military  Aeronautics. 

For  expenses  of  the  military  air  service 
under  appropriations  made  directly  to  the  di- 
vision of  military  aeronautics  or  assigned  to 
that  division  upon  the  order  of  the  president. 
fiscal  year  1919.  $85.000.000. 

Bureau  of  Aircraft  Production. 

For  aerial  appliances,  aviation  station,  vo- 
cational training1  in  aviation  and  so  forth, 
fiscal  year  1919.  $400.000,000. 

For  signal   service   of  the   army,   fiscal  years 
1917-1918  and  1918.  $2.000.000. 
Quartermaster  Corps. 

For  general  appropriations,  quartermaster 
corps,  fiscal  year  1919.  $2.996.414.707.14 

For  pay  of  the  army,  fiscal  year  1919, 
$654,557.911,68. 

For  supplies,  services  and  transportation, 
fiscal  years  1917-1918  and  1918.  $6,971,- 
460.45. 

For  horses  for  cavalry,  artillery,  engineers 
and  so  forth,  fiscal  years  1917-1918  and 
1918,  $32.170,956.08. 

For  civilian  military  training-  camps,  fiscal 
years  1917-1918  and  1918.  $244,272.41. 

For  inland  and  port  storage  and  shipping- 
facilities,  fiscal  years  1918  and  1919.  $50,- 
026.000. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury,  quartermaster  corps,  $3.740,385,- 
307.76. 

The  authorization  of  $15.750.000  for  the 
nuartermaster  corps  for  the  construction  and 
repair  of  hospitals,  contained  in  the  first 
deficiency  appropriation  act,  1919.  is  repealed. 

Total  'appropriations   and   authorizations   re- 


covered, 
307.70. 


quartermaster      corps.      $3,756,135,- 


Medical  Department. 

For  medical  and  hospital  department,  fiscal 
year  1919.  $54.145,513.73. 

The  authorization  of  $65.000,000  for  med- 
ical and  hospital  supplies  of  the  army,  con- 
tained in  the  first  deficiency  appropriation 
act.  1919.  is  repealed. 

Total  appropriations  and  authorizations  re- 
covered, medical  department,  $119,145,513.73. 
Engineer  Department. 

For  engineer  operations  in  the  field,  fiscal 
years  1917-1918  and  1918.  $6.056.469.60. 

For  engineer  operations  in  the  field,  fiscal 
year  1919,  $660,000,000. 

For  engineer  equipment  of  troops,  fiscal  year 
1919,  $126,532.966.16. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury.  engineer  department.  $792.589.- 
435.76. 

The  authorization  of  $200.000.000  for  en- 
gineer operations  in  the  field,  contained  in 
the  first  deficiency  appropriation  act,  1919. 
is  repealed. 

Total  appropriations  and  authorizations  re- 
covered, engineer  department,  $992,589,435.76. 
Ordnance  Department. 

For  purchase,  manufacture  and  test  of 
mountain,  field  and  siege  cannon,  including- 
field  artillery  for  the  national  guard,  and  in- 
cluding1 antiaircraft  g-uns.  fiscal  years  1917- 
1918.  1918  and  1919.  and  amounts  in  the 
fortifications  appropriation  act  approved  July 
8.  1918,  $174.662.634.98. 

For  purchase,  manufacture  and  test  of  am- 
munition, subcaliber  g-uns  and  other  acces- 
sories for  mountain,  field  and  siege  artillery 
practice,  fiscal  year  1917-1918,  and  fortifi- 
cation appropriation  act  approved  July  8. 
1918.  $85.418.177.38. 

For  alteration  and  maintenance  mobile  ar- 
tillery, fiscal  years  1917-1918  and  1918,  and 
the  fortification  appropriation  act  approved 
July  8.  1918.  $233,083.244.78. 

For  manufacture  of  arms  and  for  manufac- 
ture of  rifles,  fiscal  years  1917-1918.  1918 
and  1919,  $210.878,057.09. 

For  ordnance  stores,  ammunition,  fiscal  years 
1917-1918.  1918  and  1919.  $198.947.310.37. 

For  small  arms  target  practice,  fiscal  years 
1917-1918.  1918  and  1919.  $100.108,390.84. 

For  automatic  machine  rifles,  including  au- 
tomatic rifles  for  the  national  gruard.  fiscal 
years  1917-1918.  1918  and  1919.  $256,215.- 
443.12. 

For  armored  motor  cars,  fiscal  years  1917- 
1918.  1918  and  1919.  $197.339.362.40. 

For  ordnance  stores  and  supplies,  fiscal 
years  1917-1918.  1918  and  1919.  $34,029.- 
315.28. 

For  ordnance  service,  fiscal  years  1917- 
1918,  1918  and  1919.  $7,129.116.55. 

For  ordnance  stores  and  equipment,  civilian 
military  training1  camps.  reserve  officers' 
training-  corps,  ordnance  equipment  for  home 
guard  organizations,  ordnance  supplies  for 
military  equipment  of  schools  and  colleges, 
special  aids  and  appliances  for  manufacture 
of  arms  and  so  forth,  fiscal  years  1917-1918, 
1918  and  1919.  $5,557.956.96. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury,  ordnance  department.  $1,503,369.- 
009.75. 

The  following1  authorizations  or  portions  of 
authorizations  or  combined  authorizations  or 
combined  portions  of  authorizations  granted 
to  the  ordnance  department  of  the  army  in 
the  appropriations  acts  enumerated  are  re- 
pealed: 

For  purchase,  manufacture  and  test  of 
mountain,  field  and  siege  cannon,  fortifica- 
tion appropriation  act  approved  July  8, 

1918,  and    first    deficiency    appropriation    act, 

1919,  $1.816.514.192. 

For  purchase,  manufacture  and  test  of  am- 
munition for  mountain,  field  and  siegre  can- 


90 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


non.  fortification  appropriation  act  approved 
July  8,  1918.  and  first  deficiency  appropria- 
tion act,  1919,  $2,523.522.251.43. 

For  purchase,  manufacture  and  test  of  am- 
munition, subcaliber  guns  for  mountain,  field 
and  siege  artillery  practice,  first  deficiency 
appropriation  act,  1919.  865.175,061. 

For  alteration  and  maintenance  of  mobile 
artillery,  fortification  appropriation  act  ap- 
proved July  8,  1918,  $100.000,000. 

For  manufacture  of  arms,  army  appropria- 
tion act,  approved  July  9,  1918,  and  first 
deficiency  appropriation  act,  1919,  $242.481,- 
200. 

For  ordnance  stores,  ammunition,  army  ap- 
propriation act  approved  July  9,  1918,  and 
first  deficiency  appropriation  act,  1919,  $1,- 
117.289.421. 

For    small    arms    target    practice,    army    ap- 

Eropriation  act  approved  July  9,  1918,  and 
rst_deficiency  appropriation  act,  1919,  $143,- 
861,293. 

For  automatic  machine  rifles,  army  appro- 
priation act  approved  July  9,  1918,  and  first 
deficiency  appropriation  act,  1919,  $441,- 
788,000. 

For  armored  motor  cars,  army  appropria- 
tion act  approved  July  9.  1918.  and  first  de- 
ficiency appropriation  act,  1919,  $406,640,000. 

For  ordnance  stores  and  supplies,  army  ap- 
propriation act  approved  July  9.  1918,  and 
first  deficiency  appropriation  act,  1919,  $372,- 
299.260. 

For  general  contract  authorization  for 
ordnance  and  ordnance  supplies  and  material, 
army  appropriation  act  approved  July  9, 

1918.  $484.708.616.27. 

Total  authorizations  repealed,  ordnance  de- 
partment. $7.714.279.294.70. 

Total  appropriations  anJ  authorizations  re- 
covered, ordnance  department.  $9,217,648,- 
304.45. 

Chemical   Warfare  Service. 

For  purchase,  manufacture-  and  test  of 
mountain,  field  and  siege  cannon,  fiscal  year 
1917-1918.  and  fortification  appropriation 
act.  approved  July  8.  1918.  $38.182,621.89. 

For  medical  and  hospital  department,  fiscal 
years  1917-1918  and  1919,  $11.853,362.83. 

For  national  security  and  defense,  sundry 
civil  act  approved  July  1,  1918,  $146,567.05. 

For  ordnance  service,  fiscal  years  1917- 
1918  and  1919,  $219.871.65. 

For  ordnance  stores,  ammunition,  fiscal 
years  1917-1918,  1918  and  1919,  $27,025,- 
214.40. 

For  ordnance  stores  and  supplies,  fiscal  years 
1917-1918,  1918  and  1919,  $9.013.923.90. 

For  repairs  of  arsenals,  fiscal  year  1919, 
$16,736.44. 

For    chemical    warfare    service,    fiscal    year 

1919,  $97,474,312.50. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury,  chemical  warfare  service,  $183,932,- 
610.66. 

The  authorization  of  $150,000,000  for  ex- 
penses of  the  chemical  warfare  service,  con- 
tained in  the  first  deficiency  appropriation  act, 
1919,  is  repealed. 

Total  appropriations  and  authorizations  re- 
covered, chemical  warfare  service,  $333,- 
932,610.66. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury,  military  establishment,  $6,856,835,- 
124.70. 

Total  authorizations  repealed,  military  es- 
tablishment, $8.190.029,294.70. 

Total  appropriations  and  authorizations  re- 
covered, military  establishment,  $15,046,864,- 
419.40. 

The  portion  of  the  army  appropriation  act, 
approved  July  9.  1918,  relating-  to  the  "sale 
of  war  supplies."  which  reads  as  follows: 

"Provided.  That  any  moneys  received  by  the 
United  States  as  the  proceeds  of  any  such  sale 
shall  be  deposited  to  the  credit  of  that  ap- 
propriation out  of  which  was  paid  the  cost 


to  the  government  of  the  property  thus  sold, 
and  the  same  shall  immediately  become  avail- 
able for  the  purposes  named  in  the  original 
appropriation:"  hereby  is  repealed. 

The  following-  unexpended  balances  or  por- 
tions of  the  unexpended  balances  or  combined 
unexpended  balances  or  portions  of  combined 
unexpended  balances  of  appropriations  for  the 
support  of  the  naval  establishment  for  the 
fiscal  years  1917-1918,  1918  and  1919,  as  set 
forth  in  this  section,  shall  be  carried  to  the 
surplus  fund  and  covered  into  the  treasury 
immediately  upon  the  approval  of  this  act, 
namely : 

Office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
For  aviation  in  the  navy,  $97,000.000 
For  basic  patents  for  aircraft,  $1,000,000. 

Bureau  of  Navigation. 
For  instruments  and  supplies,   $4,500,000. 

Bureau  of  Ordinance. 
For  ordnance   and  ordnance  stores,   $8,000,- 

For  contingent,  bureau  of  ordnance,  $10  000 
For     experiments,      bureau      of      ordnance. 

For  new  batteries  for  ships  of  the  navy, 
$60,305,257. 

For  torpedoes  and   appliances,   $8,000,000. 

For  reserve   ordnance   supplies,    $43.000.000. 

For  contingent    building  fund,    $3,847.26. 

For  increase  of  the  navy,  armor  and  arma- 
ment, $1,714,750. 

For  armament  and  ammunition  of  coast 
guard  cutters,  $79,574.03. 

For  ammunition  for  vessels,  $30.000.000. 

For  ammunition  for  auxiliaries  and  mer- 
chantmen $2.677.500. 

For  navy  nitrate  plant,   $8.311,881. 

For  fuel  lands  for  armor  and  projectile 
plants,  $24,513,16. 

For  ammunition  for  merchant  auxiliaries, 
$1.300.000. 

For  batteries  for  merchant  auxiliaries,  $1,- 
256,521.24. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury,  bureau  of  ordnance,  $164,833.843.69. 

The  authorization  of  $20.000,000  for  new 
batteries  for  ships  of  the  navy  contained  in 
the  naval  appropriation  act  for  the  fiscal  year 
1919  is  repealed. 

The  authorization  of  $11,000,000  for  am- 
munition for  vessels  contained  in  the  naval 
appropriation  act  for  the  fiscal  year  1919  is 
repealed.  i 

Total   appropriations    and   authorizations   re- 
covered, bureau  of  ordnance,  $195,833,843.69. 
Public  Works,  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks. 

For  naval   training  camps,   $257,885. 

Navy  yard.  Boston.  Mass.:  For  water-front 
improvements,  $570,000. 

Navy  yard,  Washington,  D.  C.:  For  the  ac- 
quisition of  additional  land,  $100,000. 

Navy  yard,  Charleston,  S.  C.:  For  new  su- 
perstructure for  pier  numbered  314.  $17.000. 

Navy  yard.  New  Orleans,  La.:  For  floating 
crane,  $30,000. 

Navy  yard.  Mare  island,  Calif.:  For  revolv- 
ing crane,  $40.000;  for  structural  shop  and 
auxiliary  improvements  $250,000;  in  all, 
$290.000. 

Naval  academy:  For  addition  to  Isherwood 
hall,  $15.000. 

Naval  training  station.  Great  .Lakes,  HI.: 
For  additional  land.  $400.000. 

Hospital  construction:  For  hospitals  and 
medical  supply  depots.  $1.008.742. 

For  handling  appliances  at  navy  yards, 
$25,000. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury,  public  works,  bureau  of  yards  and 
docks,  $2,713,627. 

Bureau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts. 

For  fuel  and  transportation,  $23,096.000. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


91 


Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering. 

For  machinery  plant,  New  York  navy  yard, 
$1,420.33. 

Marine  Corps. 

For  reserve  supplies,  marine  corps,  naval 
appropriation  act  approved  July  1,  1918, 
$7,000,000:  Provided,  That  the  secretary  of 
war  is  authorized  and  directed  to  transfer  to 
the  secretary  of  the  navy  for  the  use  of  the 
marine  corps  without  payment  therefor,  such 
reserve  stock  of  clothing-,  arms  and  equipment 
and  other  necessary  military  supplies,  inven- 
toried at  the  cost  to  the  army  and  not  to  ex- 
ceed in  the  aggregate  $7,000,000,  as  the  same 
from  time  to  time  may  be  requisitioned. 

For  maintenance,  quartermaster's  depart- 
ment, marine  corps,  $20,000.000. 

For  pay,   marine  corps,  $14,191.975.96. 

For  expenses,  marine  corps  reserve.  $25,000. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury,  marine  corps,  $41,216,975.96. 

Total  appropriations  to  be  covered  into  the 
treasury,  naval  establishment,  $334,361,- 
866.98. 

Total  authorizations  repealed,  naval  estab- 
lishment, $31.000,000. 

Total  appropriations  and  authorizations  re- 
covered, naval  establishment,  $365,361,866.98. 

VICTORY    LIBERTY    LOAN    ACT. 

The  second  liberty  bond  act  is  hereby 
amended  by  adding-  thereto  a  new  section  to 
read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  18.  (a)  That  in  addition  to  the  bonds 
and  certificates  of  indebtedness  and  war  sav- 
ing's certificates  authorized  by  this  act  and  | 
amendments  thereto,  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  with  the  approval  of  the  president, 
is  authorized  to  borrow  from  time  to  time 
on  the  credit  of  the  United  States  for  the 
purposes  of  this  act,  and  to  meet  public  ex- 
penditures authorized  by  law,  not  exceeding1 
in  the  aggregate  37,000,000,000,  and  to  issue 
therefor  notes  of  the  United  States  at  not  less 
than  par  in  such  form  or  forms  and  denomi- 
nation or  denominations,  containing"  suqh 
terms  and  conditions,  and  at  such  rate  or 
rates  of  interest,  a.:  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  may  prescribe,  and  each  series  of 
notes  so  issued  shall  be  payable  at  euch 
time  not  less  than  one  year  nor  more  than 
five  years  from  the  date  of  its  issue  as 
he  may  prescribe,  and  may  be  redeemable  be- 
fore maturity  (at  the  option  of  the  United 
States)  in  whole  or  in  part,  upon  not  more 
than  one  year's  nor  less  than  four  months' 
notice,  and  under  such  rules  and  regulations 
and  during-  such  period  as  he  may  prescribe. 

"(b)  The  notes  herein  authorized  may  be 
issued  in  any  one  or  more  of  the  following' 
series  as  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  may 
prescribe  in  connection  with  the  issue  thereof: 

"(1)  Exempt,  both  as  to  principal  and  in- 
terest, from  all  taxation  (except  estate  or 
inheritance  taxes)  now  or  hereafter  imposed 
by  the  United  States,  any  state  or  any  of 
the  possessions  of  the  United  States,  or  by  any 
local  taxing-  authority; 

"(2)  Exempt,  both  as  to  principal  and  in- 
terest, from  all  taxation  now  or  hereafter  im- 
posed by  the  United  States,  any  state  or  any 
of  the  possessions  of  the  United  States  or 
by  any  local  taxing-  authority  except  (a) 
estate  or  inheritance  taxes,  and  (b)  gradu- 
ated additional  income  taxes,  commonly 
known  as  surtaxes  and  excess-profits  and  war- 
profits  taxes,  now  or  hereafter  imposed  by 
the  United  States  upon  the  income  or  profits 
of  individuals,  partnerships,  associations  or 
Corporations; 

"(3)  Exempt,  both  as  to  principal  and  in- 
terest, as  pr9vided  in  paragraph  (2);  and 
with  an  additional  exemption  from  the  taxes 
referred  to  in  clause  (b)  of  such  paragraph. 
of  the  interest  on  an  amount  of  such  notes 
the  principal  of  which  does  not  exceed 


$30,000,    owned    by    any    individual,    partner- 
ship,   association   or  corporation:    or 

"(4)  Exempt,  both  as  to  principal  and  in- 
terest, from  all  taxation  now  or  hereafter 
imposed  by  the  United  States,  any  state  or 
any  of  the  possessions  of  the  United  States, 
or  by  any  local  taxing  authority,  except  (a) 
estate  or  inheritance  taxes  and  (b)  all  in- 
come, excess-profits  and  war-profits  taxes 
now  or  hereafter  imposed  by  the  United  States 
upon  the  income  or  profits  of  individuals, 
partnerships,  associations  or  corporations. 
.  "(c)  If  the  notes  authorized  under  this  sec- 
tion are  offered  in  more  than  one  series  bear- 
ing1 the  same  date  of  issue,  the  holder  of 
notes  of  any  such  series  shall  (under  such 
rules  and  regnlations  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury)  have  the 
option  of  having1  such  notes  held  by  him 
converted  at  par  into  notes  of  any  other 
such  series  offered  bearing1  the  same  date 
of  issue. 

"(d)  None  of  the  notes  authorized  by  this 
section  shall  bear  the  circulation  privilege. 
The  principal  and  interest  thereof  shall  be 
payable  in  United  States  g-old  coin  of  the 
present  standard  of  value.  The  word  'bond' 
or  'bonds'  where  it  appears  in  sections  8,  9. 
10,  14  and  15  of  this  act  as  amended,  and 
sections  3702.  3703,  3704  and  3705  of  the 
revised  statutes  and  section  5200  of  the  re- 
vised statutes  as  amended,  but  in  such  sec- 
tions only,  shall  be,  deemed  to  include  notes 
issued  under  this  section." 

Sec.  2.  (a)  That  until  the  expiration  of 
five  years  after  the  date  of  the  termination 
of  the  war  between  the  United  States  and  the 
German  g-overnment.  as  fixed  by  proclamation 
of  the  president,  in  addition  to  the  exemp- 
tions provided  in  section  7  of  the  second 
liberty  bond  act  in  respect  to  the  interest  on 
an  amount  of  bonds  and  certificates,  author- 
ized by  such  act  and  amendments  thereto, 
the  principal  of  which  does  not  exceed  in  the 
ag-gregate  $5,000,  and  in  addition  to  all  other 
exemptions  provided  in  the  second  liberty 
bond  act  or  the  supplement  to  second  liberty 
bond  act,  the  interest  received  on  and  after 
Jan.  1,  1919,  on  an  amount  of  bonds  of  the 
first  liberty  loan  converted,  dated  Nov.  15. 
1917,  May  9,  1918,  or  Oct.  24.  1918,  the 
second  liberty  loan  converted  and  unconverted, 
the  third  liberty  loan  and  the  fourth  liberty 
loan,  the  principal  of  which  does  not  exceed 
$30.000  in  the  ac"C"regate,  owned  by  any  in- 
dividual, partnership,  association  or  corpora- 
tion shall  be  exempt  from  graduated  addi- 
tional income  taxes,  commonly  known  as  sur- 
taxes and  excess-profits  and  war-pmfits  taxes, 
now  or  hereafter  imposed  ty  the  United  States, 
upon  the  income  or  profits  of  individuals, 
parterships.  associations  or  corporations. 

(b)  In  addition  to  the  exemption  provided 
in  subdivision  (a),  and  in  addition  to  the 
other  exemptions  therein  referred  to,  the  in- 
terest received  on  and  after  Jan.  1,  1919,  on 
an  amount  of  the  bonds  therein  specified  the 
principal  of  which  does  not  exceed  $20.000 
in  the  aggregate,  owned  by  any  individual, 
partnership,  association  or  corporation  shall 
be  exempt  from  the  taxes  therein  specified: 
Provided.  That  no  owner  of  such  bonds  shall 
be  entitled  to  such  exemption  in  respect  to 
the  interest  on  an  aggregate  principal  amount 
of  such  bonds  exceeding1  three  times  the  prin- 
cipal ampunt  of  notes  of  the  victory  liberty 
loan  originally  subscribed  for  by  such  owner 
and  still  owned  by  him  at  the  date  of  his 
tax  return. 

Sec.  3.  That  section  5  of  the  second  lib- 
erty bond  act.  as  amended  by  section  4  of 
the  third  liberty  bond  act,  is  hereby  further 
amended  by  striking-  out  the  fig'ures  "$8.000,- 
000.000"  and  inserting-  in  lieu  thereof  the 
figures  "$10,000,000.000." 

Sec.  4.  That  section  3  of  the  fourth  liberty 


02 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


bond  act  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as  fol- 
lows: 

"Sec.  3.  That,  notwithstanding1  the  pro- 
visions of  the  second  liberty  bond  act  or  of 
the  war  finance  corporation  act  or  of  any 
other  act.  bonds,  notes  and  certificates  of 
indebtedness  of  the  United  States  and  bonds 
of  the  war  finance  corporation  shall,  while 
beneficially  owned  by  a  nonresident  alien  in- 
dividual or  a  foreign  corporation,  partner- 
ship or  association,  not  engaged  in  business 
in  the  United  States,  be  exempt  both  as 
to  principal  and  interest  from  any  and  all 
taxation  now  or  hereafter  imposed  by  the 
United  States,  any  state,  or  any  of  the 
possessions  of  the  United  States  or  by  any 
local  taxing-  authority." 

Sec.  5.  That  the  privilege  of  converting  4 
per  centum  bonds  of  the  first  liberty  loan 
converted  and  4  per  centum  bonds  of  the 
second  liberty  loan  into  4%  par  centum  bonds, 
which  privilege  arose  on  May  9,  1918,  and 
expired  on  Nov.  9.  1918.  may  be  extended  by 
the  secretary  of  the  treasury  for  such  period, 
upon  such  terms  and  conditions  and  subject 
to  such  rules  and  regulations  as  he  may 
prescribe.  For  the.  purpose  of  computing  the 
amount  of  interest  payable,  bonds  presented 
for  conversion  under  any  such  extension  shall 
be  deemed  to  be  converted  on  the  dates  for 
the  payment  of  the  semiannual  interest  on 
the  respective  bonds  so  presented  for  con- 
version next  succeeding  the  date  of  such 
presentation. 

Sec.  6.  (a)'  That  there  is  hereby  created  in 
the  treasury  a  cumulative  sinking  fund  for 
the  retirement  of  bonds  and  notes  issued  un- 
der the  first  liberty  bond  act,  the  second 
liberty  bond  act,  the  third  liberty  bond  act, 
the  fourth  liberty  bond  act  or  under  this 
act  and  outstanding  on  July  1,  1920.  The 
sinking  fund  and  all  additions  thereto  are 
hereby  appropriated  for  trie  payment  of  such 
bonds  and  notes  at  maturity,  or  for  the  re- 
demption or  purchase  thereof  before  maturity 
by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  at  such  prices 
and  upon  such  terms  and  conditions  as  he 
shall  prescribe,  and  shall  be  available  until 
all  such  bonds  and  notes  are  retired.  The  av- 
erage cost  of  the  bonds  and  notes  purchased 
shall  not  exceed  par  and  accrued  interest. 
Bonds  and  notes  purchased,  redeemed  or  paid 
out  of  the  sinking  fund  shall  be  canceled  and 
retired  and  shall  not  be  reissued.  For  the  fis- 
cal year  beginning  July  1,  1920,  and  for  each 
fiscal  year  thereafter  until  all  such  bonds 
and  notes  are  retired  there  is  hereby  appropri- 
ated, out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury  not 
otherwise  appropriated,  for  the  purposes  of 
such  sinking  fund,  an  amount  equal  to  the 
sum  of  (1)  2%  per  centum  of  the  aggregate 
amount  of  such  bonds  and  notes  outstanding 
on  July  1,  1920,  less  an  amount  equal  to  the 
par  amount  of  any  obligations  of  foreign  gov- 
ernments held  by  the  United  States  on  July  1, 
1920,  and  (2)  the  interest  which  would  have 
been  payable  during  the  fiscal  year  for  which 
the  appropriation  is  made  on  the  bonds  and 
notes  purchased,  redeemed  or  paid  out  of  the 
sinking  fund  during  such  year  or  in  previous 
years. 

The  secretary  of  the  treasury  shall  submit 
to  congress  at  the  beginning  of  each  regular 
session  a  separate  annual  report  of  the  action 
taken  under  the  authority  contained  in  this 
section. 

(b)  Sections  3688,  3694,  3695  and  3696  of 
the  revised  statutes  and  so  much  of  section 
3689  of  the  revised  statutes  as  provides  a 
permanent  annual  appropriation  of  1  per  cent- 
um of  the  entire  debt  of  the  United  States  to 
be  set  apart  as  a  sinking  fund  are  hereby  re- 
pealed. 

Sec.  7.  (a)  That  until  the  expiration  of 
eighteen  months  after  the  termination  of  the 
war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Ger- 
man government,  as  fixed  by  proclamation  of 


the  president,  the  secretary  of  the  treasury, 
with  the  approval  of  the  president,  is  hereby 
authorized  on  behalf  of  the  United  States  to 
establish,  in  addition  to  the  credits  authorized 
by  section  2  of  the  second  liberty  bond  act, 
as  amended,  credits  with  the  United  States  for 
any  foreign  government  now  engaged  in  war 
with  the  enemies  of  the  United  States,  for  the 
purpose  only  of  providing  for  purchases  of  any 
property  owned  directly  or  indirectly  by  the 
United  States,  not  needed  by  the  United  States, 
or  of  any  wheat  the  price  of  which  has  been 
or  may  be  guaranteed  by  the  United  States. 
To  the  extent  of  the  credits  so  established 
from  time  to  time  the  secretary  of  the  treas- 
ury is  hereby  authorized  to  make  advances  to 
or  for  the  account  of  any  such  foreign  govern- 
ment, and  to  receive  at  par  from  such  foreign 
government  for  the  amount  of  any  such  ad- 
vances its  obligations  hereafter  issued  bearing 
such  rate  or  rates  of  interest,  not  less  than  5 
per  centum  per  annum,  maturing  at  such  date 
or  dates,  not  later  than  Oct.  15,  1938,  and 
containing  such  terms  and  conditipns  as  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury  may  from  time  to  time 
prescribe.  The  secretary,  with  the  approval  of 
the  president,  is  hereby  authorized  to  enter  in- 
to such  arrangements  from  time  to  time  with 
any  such  foreign  government  as  may  be  neces- 
sary or  desirable  for  establishing-  such  credits 
and  for  the  payment  of  such  obligations  be- 
fore maturity. 

(b)  The  secretary  of  the  treasury  is  hereby 
authorized  from  time  to  time   to  convert  any 
short-time   obligations   of   foreign  governments 
which  may  be  received  under  the  authority  of 
this  section  into  long-time  obligations  of  such 
foreign  governments,  respectively,  maturing,  not 
later  than  Oct.  15,  1938,  and  in  such  form  and 
terms    as   the   secretary    of    the    treasury    may 
prescribe;    but    the    rate    or    rates    of    interest 
borne  by  any  such  long-time  obligations  at  the 
time  of  their  acquisition  shall  not  be  less  than 
the    rate   borne    by   the    short-time    obligations 
so    converted  into   such  long-time   obligations; 
and    under    such   terms    and    conditions    as    he 
may   from   time   to    time   prescribe,    to   receive 
payment,   on  or  before  maturity,    of  any  obli- 
gations of   such  foreign  governments'  acquired 
on  behalf  of  the  United  States  under  authori- 
ty of   this   section,   and  with  the   approval   of 
the  president,    to  sell  any   of  such   obligations 
(but  not   less  than   par  with   accrued  interest 
unless    otherwise   hereafter  provided   by    law), 
and  to  apply  the  proceeds  thereof,  and  any  pay- 
ments   so    received   from    foreign    governments 
on   account    of   the   principal    of   such  obliga- 
tions,   to   the   redemption    or   purchase,    at  not 
more    than   par    and    accrued   interest,    of    any 
bonds   of   the   United   States  issued   under  the 
authority  of  the  first  liberty  bond  act  or  sec- 
ond liberty  bond  act   as   amended  and  supple- 
mented,   and   if    such   bonds  cannot   be    so   re- 
deemed   or    purchased    the    secretary    of    the 
treasury   shall   redeem   or   purchase    any   other 
outstanding  interest -bearing  obligations  of  the 
United  States  which  may  at  such  time  be  sub- 
ject to  redemption  or  which  «an  be  purchased 
at   not  more  than  par  and   accrued  interest. 

(c)  For  the  purpose  of  this  section,  there  is 
appropriated    the    unexpended    balance    of    the 
appropriations  made  by  section  2  of  the  first 
liberty  bond  act  and  by  section  2  of  the  sec- 
ond liberty  bond  act  as  amended  by  the  third 
liberty     bond     act     and     the     fourth     liberty 
bond  act,  but  nothing  in  this  section  shall  be 
deemed  to  prohibit  the  use  of  such  unexpended 
balance   or  any  part   thereof  for  the  purposes 
of  section  2  of  the  second  liberty  bond  act,  as 
so  amended,   subject  to  the  limitations  therein 
contained. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  obligations  of  foreign  gov- 
ernments acquired  by  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  by  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  the 
first  liberty  bond  act  and  the  second  liberty 
bond  act,  and  amendments  and  supplements 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920, 


93 


thereto,  shall  mature  at  such  dates  as  shall  be 
determined  by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury: 
Provided,  That  such  obligations  acquired  by 
virtue  of  the  provisions  of  the  first  liberty 
bond  act,  or  through  the  conversion  of  short- 
time  obligations  acquired  under  such  act,  shall 
mature  not  later  than  June  15,  1947,  and  all 
other  such  obligations  of  foreign  governments 
shall  mature  not  later  than  Oct.  15,  1938. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  war  finance  corporation 
act  is  hereby  amended  by  adding  to  Title  I. 
thereof  a  new  section,  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  21.  (a)  That  the  corporation  shall  be 
empowered  and  authorized,  in  order  to  pro- 
mote, commerce  with  foreign  nations  through 
the  fextension  of  credits,  to  make  advances 
upon  such  terms,  not  inconsistent  with  the 
provisions  of  this  section,  as  it  may  prescribe, 
for  periods  not  exceeding  five  years  from  the 
respective  dates  of  such  advances: 

"(1)  To  any  person,  firm,  corporation  or 
association  engaged  in  the  business  in  the 
United  States  of  exporting  therefrom  domestic 
products  to  foreign  countries,  if  such  person, 
firm,  corporation  or  association  is,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  cor- 
poration, unable  to  obtain  funds  upon  reason- 
able terms  through  banking  channels.  Any 
such  advance  shall  be  made  only  for  the  pur- 
pose of  assisting  in  the  exportation  of  such 
products,  and  shall  be  limited  in  amount  to 
not  more  than  the  contract  price  therefor,  in- 
cluding insurance  and  carrying  or  transporta- 
tion charges  to  the  foreign  point  of  destina- 
tion if  and  to  the  extent  that  such  insurance 
and  carrying  or  transportation  charges  are 
payable  in  the  United  States  by  such  export- 
er to  domestic  insurers  and  carriers.  The  rate 
of  interest  charged  on  any  such  advance  shall 
not  be  less  than  1  per  centum  per  annum  in 
excess  of  the  rate  of  discount  for  ninety-day 
commercial  paper  prevailing  at  the  time  of 
such  advance  at  the  federal  reserve  bank  of 
the  district  in  which  the  borrower  is  located; 
and 

"(2)  To  any  bank,  banker  or  trust  company 
in  the  United  States  which  after  this  section 
takes  effect  makes  an  advance  to  any  such 
person,  firm,  corporation  or  association  for 
the  purpose  of  assisting  in  the  exportation  of 
such  products.  Any  such  advance  shall  not 
exceed  the  amount  remaining  unpaid  of  the 
advances  made  by  such  bank,  banker  or  trust 
company  to  such  person,  firm,  corporation  or 
association  for  such  purpose. 

"(b)  The  aggregate  of  the  advances  made 
by  the  corporation  under  this  section  remain- 
ing unpaid  shall  never  at  any  time  exceed  the 
sum  of  SI. 000, 000. 000. 

"(c)  Notwithstanding  the  limitation  of  sec- 
tion 1  the  advances  provided  for  by  this  sec- 
tion may  be  made  until  the  expiration  of  one 
year  after  the  termination  of  the  war  between 
the  United  States  and  the  German  government 
as  fixed  by  proclamation  of  the  president.  Any 
such  advance  made  by  the  corporation  shall 
be  made  upon  the  promissory  note  or  notes 
of  the  borrower,  with  full  and  adequate  se- 
curity in  each  instance  by  indorsement,  guar- 
anty or  otherwise.  The  corporation  shall  re- 
tain power  to  require  additional  security  at 
any  time.  The  corporation  in  its  discretion 
may  upon  like  security  extend  the  time  of 
payment  of  any  such  advance  through  re- 
newals, the  substitution  of  new  obligations 
or  otherwise,  but  the  time  for  the  payment 
of  any  such  advance  shall  not  be  extended 
beyond  five  years  from  the  date  on  which 
it  was  originally  made." 

Sec.  10.  That  section  15  of  the  war  finance 
corporation  act  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as 
follows: 

"Sec.  15.  That  all  net  earnings  of  the  cor- 
poration not  required  for  its  operations  shall 
be  accumulated  as  a  reserve  fund  until  such 
time  as  the  corporation  liquidates  under  the 


terms  of  this  title.  Such  reserve  fund  shall, 
upon  the  direction  of  the  board  of  directors, 
with  the  approval  of  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  be  invest. d  in  bonds  and  obligations 
of  the  United  States,  issued  or  converted  after 
Sept.  24,  1917.  or  upon  like  direction  and 
approval  may  be  deposited  in  member  banks 
of  the  federal  reserve  system,  or  in  any  of 
the  federal  reserve  banks,  or  be  used  from 
time  to  time,  as  well  as  any  other  funds  of 
the  corporation,  in  the  purchase  or  redemp- 
tion of  any  bonds  issued  by  the  corporation. 
The  federal  reserve  banks  are  hereby  author- 
ized to  act  as  depositaries  for  and  as  fiscal 
agents  of  the  corporation  in  the  general  per- 
formance of  the  powers  conferred  by  this 
title.  Beginning1  twelve  months  after  the 
termination  of  the  war,  the  date  of  such 
termination  to  be  fixr'd  by  a  proclamation 
of  the  president  of  the  United  States,  the 
directors  of  the  corporation  shall  proceed  to 
liquidate  its  assets  and  to  wind  up  its  affairs, 
but  the  directors  of  the  corporation,  in  their 
discretion,  may,  from  time  to  time,  prior  to 
such  date,  sell  and  dispose  of  any  securities 
or  other  property  acquired  by  the  corporation. 
Any  balance  remaining  after  the  payment 
of  all  its  debts  shall  be  paid  into  the  treas- 
ury of  the  United  States  as  miscellaneous 
receipts,  and  thereupon  the  corporation  shall 
be  dissolved." 

Sec.  11.  That  the  short  title  of  this  act 
shall  be  "Victory  Liberty  Loan  Act."  (Ap- 
proved March  3,  1919.) 

MILITARY  HOSPITALS. 

The  secretary  of  the  tr^nsury  is  authorized 
to  provide  immediate  additional  hospital  and 
sanitarium  facilities  for  the  care  and  treat- 
ment of  discharged  sick  and  disabled  soldiers, 
sailors  and  marines,  army  and  navy  nurses 
(male  and  female),  patients  of  the  war  risk 
insurance  bureau  and  the  following  persons 
only:  Merchant  marine  seamen,  seamen  on 
boats  of  the  Mississippi  river  commission, 
officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  United  States 
coast  guard,  officers  and  employes  of  the  pub- 
lic health  service,  certain  keepers  and  as- 
sistant keepers  of  the  United  States  light- 
house service,  seamen  of  the  engineer  corps  of 
the  United  States  army,  officers  and  enlist- 
ed men  of  the  United  States  coast  and 
g°od-nic  survey,  civilian  employes  entitled  to 
treatment  under  the  United  States  employes' 
compensation  act  and  employes  on  army  trans- 
ports not  officers  or  enlisted  men  of  the  army, 
now  entitled  by  law  to  treatment  by  the  pub- 
lic health  service. 

Sec.  2.  There  are  hereby  permanently  trans- 
ferred to  the  treasury  department  for  the  use 
of  the  public  health  service  for  hospital  or 
sanitaria  or  other  uses  the  following  proper- 
ties, with  their  present  equipment,  including- 
sites  and  leases  or  so  much  thereof  as  may 
be  required  by  the  public  health  service,  in- 
cluding mechanical  equipment  in  connection 
therewith  and  approaches  thereto,  with  au- 
thority to  lease  or  purchase  sites  not  own«d 
by  the  government,  as  follows:  Hospitals 
with  such  other  buildings  and  land  as  may 
be  required,  at  Camp  Cody  (New  Mexico), 
Camp  Hancock  (Georgia),  Camp  Jos^nh  E. 
Johnston  (Florida),  C?mp  Beauregard  (Louisi- 
ana), Camp  Logan  (Texas),  Camp  Fremont 
(California)  and  nitrate  plant,  Perryville 
(Maryland)  and  such  hospitals  with  other 
necessary  buildings  hereafter  vacated  by  the 
war  department  as  may  be  required  and  found 
suitable  for  the  n^eds  of  the  public  health 
service  for  hospital  or  sanitaria  purposes. 
And  for  the  purpose  of  such  remodeling  of 
or  additions  to  the  above  named  plants  as 
may  be  required  to  adapt  them  to  the  needs 
and  uses  of  the  public  health  service,  the 
snm  of  $750.000  is  hereby  authorized. 

Sec.  3.  The  secretary  of  war  is  hereby  au- 
thorized and  directed  to  transfer  without 
charge  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  for 


ALMANAC  AND   YEARBOOK  FOB  1920. 


the  use  of  the  public  health  service  such 
hospital  furniture  and  equipment,  including 
hospital  and  medical  supplies,  motor  trucks 
and  other  motor  driven  vehicles  in  g-ood  con- 
dition, not  required  by  the  war  department,  as 
may  be  required  by  the  public  health  service 
for  its  hospitals,  and  the  president  is  author- 
ized  to  direct  the  transfer  to  the  treasury  de- 
partment of  thie  use  of  such  l?nds  or  parts  of 
lands,  building-s,  fixtures,  appliances,  furmsh- 
ins-s  or  furniture  under  the  control  of  any 
other  department  of  the  g-overnment  not  re- 
quired for  the  purposes  of  such  department 
and  suitable  for  the  uses  of  the  public  health 

Sec  4.  So  much  of  the  Battle  Mountain 
sanitarium  at  Hot  Spring's.  S.  D.,  the  Na- 
tional Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers, 
with  its  present  equipment,  as  is  not  re- 
quired for  the  purposes  for  which  these 
facilities  were  provided,  is  hereby  made 
available  for  the  use  of  the  public  health 
service  for  a  period  of  five  years  from  the 
approval  of  this  act,  unless  sooner  released 
by  the  surgeon-general  of  the  public  health 

66Sec.  *5.  The  secretary  of  the  treasury  is 
hereby  authorized  to  contract  with  any  exist- 
ing1 hospital  or  sanitarium,  by  lease  or  other- 
wise, for  immediate  use.  in  whole  or  in  part, 
of  their  present  facilities,  so  as  to  provide 
bed  capacity  and  facilities  for  not  exceeding1 
one  thousand  patients,  and  for  such  purposes 
the  sum  of  $300.000  is  hereby  authorized. 

Sec.  6.  The  secretary  of  the  treasury  is 
hereby  authorized,  if  in  his  judgment  the 
same  will  be  for  the  best  interests  of  the 
g-overnment  from  the  standpoint  of  cost,  lo- 
cation and  of  the  emergency  needs  of  the 
public  health  service,  to  purchase  the  site, 
building-s  and  hospital  facilities  and  appur- 
tenances, at  Corpus  Christi,  Tex.,  known  as 
General  Hospital  Numbered  15,  and  for  such 
purpose  the  sum  of  $150,000  is  hereby  au- 
thorized. 

The  sum  of  SI. 500,000  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  be  held  as  an  emergency  fund  for  the 
purchase  of  land  and  buildings  suitable  for 
hospital  and  sanitaria  purposes,  which  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  select  and  locate,  and  to  make  addi- 
tions and  improvements  suitable  to  adapt 
them  to  the  uses  of  the  United  States  pub- 
lic health  service,  if  in  his  judgment  the 
emergency  requires  it. 

Sec.  7.  By  the  construction  of  new  hospitals 
and  sanitaria,  to  include  the  necessary  build- 
ings with  their  appropriate  mechanical  and 
other  equipment  and  approach  work,  includ- 
ing- roads  leading-  thereto,  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  patients,  officers,  nurses,  attendants, 
storage,  laundries,  vehicles  and  live  stock  on 
sites  now  owned  by  the  government  or  on  new 
sites  to  be  acquired  by  purchase  or  other- 
wise, at  the  places  hereinafter  named:  Pro- 
vided. That  if  the  secretary  of  the  treasury 
shall  make  a  finding  that  any  hospital 
project  hereinafter  specifically  authorized  is 
not  to  the  best  interest  of  the  government 
from  the  standpoint  of  cost,  location  and  of 
the  emergency  needs  of  the  public  health 
service,  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  reject 
such  project  or  projects  and  to  locate,  con- 
struct or  acquire  hospitals  at  such  other 
locations  as  would  best  subserve  the  interest 
of  the  government  and  the  emergency  needs 
of -the  public  health  service  within  the  limits 
of  cost  of  such  authorization. 

a.  At  Cook  county,  Illinois,  by  taking-  over 
the  land  and  executing  the  contract  for  the 
construction  thereon  of  hospital  buildings 
specified  therein  of  a  certain  proposed  con- 
tract executed  by  the  Shank  company.  Aug. 
31.  1918.  and  in  accordance  with  such  con- 
tract and  the  plans  and  specifications,  iden- 
tified in  connection  therewith  Aug.  31.  1918. 
by  the  signature  and  initials  of  Brig.-Gen.  R. 
C.  Marshall.  Jr.,  construction  division,  quar- 


termaster department.  United  States  army,  by 
Lieut.-Col.  C.  C.  Wright  and  the  Shank  com- 
pany,  by  George  H.  Shank,  president,  at  the 
cost  stated  therein,  namely,  $2,500,000,  with 
such  changes  in  said  plans  and  specifications 
as  may  be  required  by  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  to  adapt  said  specified  buildings  to 
the  needs  and  purposes  of  the  public  health 
service,  at  a  total  limit  of  cost  not  to 
exceed  $3.000,000. 

b.  In    carrying-    the    foregoing-    authorization 
into    effect,    the    secretary    of    the    treasury    is 
authorized    to    execute    the   contract    with    the 
Shank    company    hereinbefore    specified,     with 
such  verbal  changes  as  are  made  necessary  by 
a   change    in    the    contracting-    officers,    and   to 
assume    all    obligations    in    said    contract    con- 
tained,   and    to    purchase    materials    and    labor 
in  the  open  market,  or  otherwise,  and  to  em- 
ploy laborers  and  mechanics  for  the  construc- 
tion of  such  buildings  and  their  equipment  as 
in   his    judgment    shall    best    meet    the    public 
exigencies,    within    the    limits    of    cost    herein 
authorized. 

c.  At   Dawson   Springs,    Ky.,    on   land   to   be 
acquired   by   gift,    the   necessary   buildings   for 
a    sanitarium    having    a    capacity    of    not    less 
than    500    beds.      The    sum    of    $1.500.000    is 
hereby  authorized  for  the  construction  of  such 
sanitarium. 

d.  The   sum   of   $900.000   is  hereby    author- 
ized for  the  construction,  including  site,   of  a 
hospital  plant   complete   at   Norfolk,  Va. 

e.  The   sum    of   $550,000    is   hereby    author- 
ized  for   the    construction,    on   land   owned   by 
the   government,    on   a   site    to   be    selected  by 
the    secretary    of    the   treasury,    with    the    ap- 
proval   of    the   president,    of    a   hospital    plant 
complete   in    the   District    of    Columbia   or   vi- 
cinity. 

f.  The    sum    of   $190,000   is  hereby    author- 
ized   for    additional    hospital    accommodations, 
including-  such  minor  alteration  in  and  remod- 
eling-  of   existing  and   authorized   buildings   as 
may  be   necessary  to  economically  adapt  them 
to    the    additional    accommodatipns    herein    au- 
thorized   for    the    Marine    hospital    at    Staple- 
ton,    Staten   island,    N.   Y..    the   sum    appropri- 
ated for  additions  to  the  said  hospital  by  the 
act    approved   March    28,    1918,    is    authorized 
to  be  expended  in   full   without  the  construc- 
tion of  psychiatric  units. 

Sec.  8.  In  carrying-  the  foregoing  authoriza- 
tion into  effect,  all  new  construction  work 
herein  authorized  shall,  as  far  as  feasible,  be 
of  fire  resisting  character,  and  the  secretary 
of  the  treasury  is  authorized  to  enter  into 
contracts  for  the  construction,  equipment,  and 
so  forth,  of  such  buildings  on  government 
owned  lands,  or  lands  acquired  for  such  pur- 
pose, to  purchase  materials  and  labor  in  the 
open  market  or  otherwise,  and  to  employ  la- 
borers and  mechanics  for  the  construction  of 
such  building-s  and  their  equipment  as  in  his 
judgment  shall  best  meet  the  public  exigencies, 
within  the  limits1  of  cost  herein  authorized. 

Sec.  9.  For  the  purpose  of  carrying  the 
foreg-oing  authorization  into  effect  there  is 
hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any  moneys  in 
the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  be 
immediately  available  and  remain  available 
until  expended,  the  sum  of  $8,840,000,  and 
for  furniture  and  equipment  not  otherwise 
provided  for,  the  sum  of  $210,000:  in  all, 
$9,050,000. 

Sec.  10.  And  the  secretary  of  the  treasury 
is  hereby  authorized,  in  his  discretion,  to  em- 
ploy, for  service  within  or  without  the  District 
of  Columbia,  without  regard  to  civil  service 
laws,  rules  and  regulations,  and  to  pay  from 
the  sums  hereby  authorized  and  appropriated 
for  construction  purposes,  at  customary  rates 
of  compensation,  such  additional  technical  and 
clerical  services  as  may  be  necessary,  exclusive- 
ly to  aid  in  the  preparation  of  the  drawings 
and  specifications  for  the  above-named  objects 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


95 


and  supervision  of  the  execution  thereof,  for 
traveling:  expenses,  and  printing-  incident  there- 
to, at  a  total  limit  of  cost  for  such  additional 
technical  and  clerical  services  and  traveling- 
expenses,  and  so  forth,  of  not  exceeding-  $210,- 
000  of  the  above-named  limit  of  cost.  All  of 
the  above-mentioned  work  shall  be  under  the 
direction  and  supervision  of  the  surg^n-g-en- 
eral  of  the  public  health  service,  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury. 
Sec.  11.  There  is  hereby  appropriated,  out 
of  any  moneys  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated,  for  necessary  personnel,  includ- 
ing- regular  and  reserve  commissioned  officers 
of  the  public  health  service  and  clerical  help 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  elsewhere,  and 
maintenance,  hospital  supplies  and  equipment, 
leases,  fuel,  lights  and  water  and  freight, 
transportation  and  travel  and  reasonable 
burial  expenses  (not  exceeding-  $100  for  any 
patient  dying-  in  hospital),  $785,333  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending-  June  30.  1919.  (Approved 

March  3.  1919.)  

NAVAL  DECORATIONS. 

That  the  president  of  the  United  States  be 
and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  present,  in  the 
name  of  congress,  a  medal  of  honpr  to  any 
person  who,  while  in  the  naval  service  of  tlie 
United  States,  shall,  in  action  involving-  actual 
conflict  with  the  enemy,  distinguish  himself 
conspicuously  by  gallantry  and  intrepidity  at 
the  risk  of  his  life  above  and  beyond  the  call 
of  duty  and  without  detriment  to  the  mission 
of  his  command  or  the  command  to  which  at- 
tached. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  president  be  and  he  hereby 
is  further  authorized  to  present,  but  not  in, 
the  name  of  congress,  a  distinguished-service 
medal  of  appropriate  design  and  a  ribbon,  to- 
gether with  a  rosette  or  other  device  to  be 
worn  in  lieu  thereof,  to  any  person  who, 
while  in  the  naval  service  of  the  United  States, 
since  the  sixth  day  of  April,  1917.  has  dis- 
tinguished or  who  hereafter  shall  distinguish 
himself  by  exceptionally  meritorious  service  to 
the  government  in  a  duty  of  great  responsi- 
bility. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  president  be  and  he  here- 
by is  further  authorized  to  present,  but  not  in 
the  name  of  congress,  a  navy  cross  of  appro- 
priate design  and  a  ribbon,  together  with  a 
rosette  or  other  device  to  be  worn  in  lieu, 
thereof,  to  any  person  who  while  in  the  naval 
service  of  the  United  States,  since  the  sixth 
day  of  April,  1917,  has  distinguished,  or  who 
shall  hereafter  distinguish,  himself  by  extraor- 
dinary heroism  or  distinguished  service  in  the 
line  of  his  profession,  such  heroism  or  service 
not  being-  sufficient  to  justify  the  award  of  a 
medal  of  honor  or  a  distinguished-service 
medal. 

Sec.  4.  That  each  enlisted  or  enrolled  per- 
son of  the  naval  service  to  whom  is  awarded 
a  medal  of  honor,  distinguished-service  medal, 
or  a  navy  cross  shall  for  each  such  award  be 
entitled  to  additional  pay  at  the  rate  of  $2 
per  month  from  the  date  of  the  distinguished 
act  or  service  on  which  the  award  is  based, 
and  each  bar  or  other  suitable  emblem  or  in- 
signia, in  lieu  of  a  medal  of  honor,  distin- 
guished-service medal,  or  navy  cross,  as  here- 
inafter provided  for,  shall  entitle  him  to  fur- 
ther additional  pay  at  the  rate  of  $2  per 
month  Irom  the  date,  of  the  distinguished  act 
or  service  for  which  the  bar  is  awarded,  and 
such  additional  pay  shall  continue  through- 
out his  active  service,  whether  such  service 
shall  or  shall  not  be  continuous. 

Sec.  5.  That  no  more  than  one  medal  of 
honor  or  one  distinguished-service  medal  or 
one  navy  cross  shall  be  issued  to  any  one  per- 
son; but  for  each  succeeding-  deed  or  service 
sufficient  to  justify  the  award  of  a  medal  of 
honor  or  a  distinguished-service  medal  or  navy 
cross,  respectively,  the  president  may  award 
a  suitable  bar,  or  other  suitable  emblem  or 


insignia,  to  be  worn  with  the  decoration  and 
the  corresponding-  rosette  or  other  device 

Sec.  6.  That  the  secretary  of  the  navy  is 
hereby  authorized  to  expend  from  the  appro- 
priation "pay  of  the  navy"  of  the  navy  de- 
partment so  much  as  may  be  necessary  to  de- 
fray the  cost  of  the  medals  of  honor,  distin- 
guished-service medals,  and  navy  crosses,  and 
bars,  emblems  or  insignia  herein  provided  for 
and  so  much  as  may  be  necessary  to  replace 
any  medals,  crosses,  bars,  emblems  or  insignia 
818  a.re  herein  or  may  heretofore  have  been 
«h  *T?  H  -Provided.  That  such  replacement 
shall  be  made  only  m  those  cases  where  the 
medal  of  honor,  distinguished-service  medal  or 
naj?r/icros^  °r  bar,  emblem  or  insignia  pre- 
sented under  the  provisions  of  this  or  any 
other  act  shall  have  been  lost  destroyed  or 
rendered  unfit  for  use  without  fault  or  neglect 
on  the  part  of  the  person  to  whom  it  was 

So?.  ^  8haU  *  made  Without  char*e 
"ec.  7.  That,  except  as  otherwise  prescribed 
iST^SuS?  medal  of  honor,  distinguished-serv- 
ice meda1'  navy  cross  or  bar  or  other  suitable 
emblem  or  insignia  in  lieu  of  either  of  said 
medals  or  of  said  cross  shall  be  issued  to  any 
person  after  more  than  five  years  from  the 
date  of  the  act  or  service  justifying  the  award 
3oi.  nor  unless  a  specific  statement  or  re- 
P°rt  distinctly  setting-  forth  the  act  or  distin- 
guished service  and  suggesting  or  recommend- 
mL° m«al  recognition  thereof  shall  have  been 
made  by  his  naval  superior  through  official 
channels  at  the  time  of  the  act  or  Service  or 
within  three  years  thereafter 

Sec.  8.  That  in  case  an  individual  who  shall 
distinguish  himself  dies  before  the  making-  of 
the  award  to  which  he  may  be  entitled  thl 
award  may  nevertheless  be  made  and  85' 
medal  or  cross  or  the  bar  or  other  emblem  or 
uisignia  presented  within  five  years  from  the 
Jate  of  the  act  or  service  justifying  the  award 
thereof  to  such  representative  of  the  deceased 
as  the  president  may  designate:  Provided  That 
no  medal  or  cross  or  no  bar  or  other  emblem 
or  insignia  shall  be  awarded  or  presented  to 
any  individual  or  to  the  representative  of  any 
individual  whose  entire  service  subsequent  to 
the  time  he  distinguished  himself  shall  not 
have  been  honorable:  Provided  further.  That 
in  cases  of  persons  now  in  the  naval  service 
for  whom  the  award  of  the  medal  of  hon§r 
has  been  recommended  in  full  compliance  with 
then  existing-  regulations,  but  on  account*  of 
«*yices  which,  though  insufficient  fuUy  to 
justify  the  award  of  the  medal  of  honor,  ap- 

aPw^t00fhtnl  ^^ell^J^At 
S  .^be^^^Sr^^'  und£ 
the  provisions  of.  this  act  authorizing  the 
award  of  the  distinguished-service  medal  and 
navy  cross  notwithstanding  that  said  strvfc°s 
may  have  been  rendered  more  than  five  years 
before  said  cases  shall  hnve  been  considpr^d 
as  authorized  by  this  proviso,  but  aH  consid- 
eration or  any  action  upon  any  of  said  cases 
shall  be  based  exclusively  upon  official  rec- 
ords now  on  file  in  th-  navy  department. 
.  Sec.  9.  That  the  president  be  and  he  hereby 
19  authorized  to  delegate,  under  such  conditions 
regulations  a?d  limitations  as  he  shall  pre: 
scribe,  to  flag-  officers  who  are  comma nders-in- 
chief  or  commanding  on  important  independent 
duty  the  power  conferred  upon  him  by  this 
act  to  award  the  navy  cross;  and  he  is  fur- 
ther authorized  to  make  from  time  to  time 
any  and  all  rules,  regulations  and  orders  which 
he  shall  deem  necessary  to  carry  into  effect 
the  provisions  of  this  act  and  to  execute  the 
Feb  P4T.9S19Td  intention  thereof.  (Approved 

RETENTION  OF  UNIFORM. 
Any  person  who  served  in  the  United  States 
army,    navy    or  marine   corps   in    the   present 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


-war  may,  upon  honorable  discharge  and  re- 
turn to  civil  life,  permanently  retain  one  com- 
plete suit  of  outer  uniform  clothing,  including- 
the  overcoat  and  soich  articles  of  personal 
apparel  and  equipment  as  may  be  authorized 
respectively,  by  the  secretary  of  war  or  the 
secretary  of  the  navy  and  may  wear  such  uni- 
form clothing-  after  such  discharge:  Provided, 
That  the  uniform  above  referred  to  shall  in- 
clude some  distinctive  mark  or  insignia  to  be 
prescribed,  respectively,  by  the  secretary  of 
war  or  the  secretary  of  the  navy,  such  mark 
or  insig-nia  to  be  issued,  respectively,  by  the 
war  department  or  navy  department  to  all  en- 
listed personnel  so  discharged.  The  word 
"navy"  shall  include  the  officers  and  enlisted 
personnel  of  the  coast  guard  who  have  served 
with  the  navy  during-  the  present  war. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
apply  to  all  persons  who  served  in  the  United 
States  army,  navy  or  marine  corps  during  the 
present  war  honorably  discharged  since  April 
6,  1917.  And  in  cases  where  such  clothing 
and  uniforms  have  been  restored  to  the  gov- 
ernment on  their  discharge  the  same  or  simi- 
lar clothing  and  uniform  in  kind  and  value  as 
near  as  may  be  shall  be  returned  and  given  to 
eaich  soldiers,  sailors  and  marines. 

Sec.  3.  That  section  126  of  the  act  entitled 
"An  act  for  making  further  and  more  effectual 
provision  for  the  national  defense,  ar.d  for 
other  purposes,"  approved  June  3.  1916,  be 
amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  126.  That  an  enlisted  man  honorably 
discharged  from,  the  army,  navy  or  marine, 
corps  since  Nov.  11,  1918,  or  who  may  hsre- 
after  be  honorably  discharged,  shall  receive 
5  cents  per  mile  from  the  place  of  his  dis- 
charge to  his  actual  bona  fide  home  or  resi- 
dence, or  original  muster  into  the  service  at 
his  option:  Provided,  That  for  sea  travel  on 
discharge,  transportation  and  subsistence  onlir 
shall  be  furnished  to  enlisted  men:  Provided. 
That  naval  reservists  duly  enrolled  who  have 
been  honorably  released  from  active  service 
since  Nov.  11,  1918,  or  who  may  hereafter 
be  honorably  released  from  active  service, 
shall  be  entitled  likewise  to  receive  mileage 
as  aforesaid." 

Sec.  4.  That  all  acts  or  parts  of  acts  incon- 
sistent with  the  provisions  of  this  act  are 
hereby  repealed.  (Approved  Feb.  28,  1919.) 

COURT-MARTIAL  SENTENCES. 

Article  50  of  section  1342  of  the  revised 
statutes  of  the  United  States,  as  amended  by 
the  act  entitled  "An  act  making  appropria- 
tions for  the  support  of  the  army  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1917,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," approved  Aug.  29,  1916.  be  and  the 
same  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"Art.  50.  Mitigation  or  remission  of  sen- 
tences— The  power  to  order  the  execution  of 
the  sentence  adjudged  by  a  court-martial  shall 
be  held  to  include,  inter  alia,  the  power  to 
mitigate  or  remit  the  whole  or  any  part  of 
the  sentence. 

"Any  unexecuted  portion  of  a  sentence  ad- 
judged by  a  court-martial  may  be  mitigated  or 
remitted  by  the  military  authority  compe- 
tent to  appoint,  for  the  command,  exclusive 
of  penitentiaries  and  the  United  States  disci- 
plinary barracks,_in  which  the  person  under 
sentence  is  held,  a  court  of  the  kind  that  im- 
posed the  sentence,  and  the  same  power  may 
be  exercised  by  superior  military  authority; 
but  no  sentence  approved  or  confirmed  by  the 
president  shall  be  remitted  or  mitigated  by 
any  other  authority,  and  no  approved  sentence 
of  loss  of  fT.es  by  an  officer  shall  be  remitted 
or  mitigated  by  any  authority  inferior  to  the 
president,  except  as  provided  in  the  fifty-sec- 
ond article. 

"When  empowered  by  the  president  so  to  do, 
the  commanding  general  of  the  army  in  the 
field  or  the  commanding-  general  of  the  terri- 


torial department  or  division  may  mitigate  or 
remit,  and  order  executed  as  mitigated  or  re- 
mitted, any  sentence  which  under  these  arti- 
cles requires  the  confirmation  of  the  president 
before  the  same  may  be  executed. 

"The  power  of  remission  and  mitigation 
shall  extend  to  all  uncollected  forfeitures  ad- 
judged by  sentence  of  a  court-martial."  (Ap- 
proved Feb.  28,  1919.) 

RELIEF  OF  EUROPEAN  POPULATIONS. 
The  official  title  of  the  act  is:  "An  act  pro- 
viding for  the  relief  of  such  populations  in 
Europe,  and  countries  contiguous  thereto, 
outside  of  Germany,  German  Austria,  Hungary, 
Bulgaria  and  Turkey,  as  may  be  determined 
upon  by  the  president  as  necessary."  The  act 
reads : 

Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  for  the  participation 
by  the  government  of  the  United  States  in  the 
furnishing  of  foodstuffs  and  other  urgent  sup- 
plies, and  for  the  transportation,  distribution, 
and  administration  thereof  to  such  popula- 
tions in  Europe,  and  countries  contiguous 
thereto,  outside  of  Germany,  German  Aus  ria, 
Hungary,  Bulgaria  and  Turkey:  Provided,  how- 
ever. That  Armenians,  Syrians,  Greeks  and 
other  Christian  and  Jewish  populations  of 
Asia  Minor,  now  or  formerly  subjects  of  Tur- 
key, may  be  included  within  the  populations  to 
receive  relief  under  this  act.  as  may  be  de- 
termined upon  by  the  president  from  time  to 
time  as  necessary,  and  for  each  and  every  pur- 
pose connected  therewith,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  president,  there  is  appropriated  out  of  any 
money  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appro- 
priated $100,000,000,  which  may  be  used  as  a 
revolving  fund  until  June  30,  1919,  and  which 
shall  be  audited  in  the  same  manner  as  other 
expenditures  of  the  government:  Provided. 
That  expenditures  hereunder  shall  be  reim- 
bursed so  far  as  possible  by  the  governments 
or  subdivisions  thereof  or  the  peoples  to  whom 
relief  is  furnished:  Provided  further.  That  a 
report  of  the  receipts,  expenditures  and  an 
itemized  statement  of  such  receipts  and  expend- 
itures made  under  this  appropriation  shall  be 
submitted  to  congress  not  later  than  the  first 
day  of  the  next  regular  session:  And  provided 
further,  That  so  far  as  said  fund  shall  be  ex- 
pended for  the  purchase  of  wheat  to  be  do- 
nated preference  shall  be  given  to  grain  grown 
in  the  United  States.  (Approved  Feb.  25, 
1919.) 

VOLUNTARY  ENLISTMENTS. 

So  much  of  sections  7  and  14  of  the  act 
entitled  "An  act  to  authorize  the  president 
to  increase  temporarily  the  military  estab- 
lishment of  the  United  States."  approved 
May  18,  1917,  as  impose  restrictions  upon  en- 
listments in  the  regular  army,  are  hereby  re- 
pealed in  so  far  as  they  apply  to  enlistments 
and  re-enlistments  in  the  regular  army  after 
the  date  of  approval  of  this  act:  Provided. 
That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act, 
one-third  of  'the  enlistments  in  the  regular 
army  of  the  United  States  shall  be  for  a  period 
of  one  year,  and  the  remaining  two-thirds 
thereof  shall  be  for  the  period  of  three  years. 
Any  person  enlisting  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  not  be  required  to  serve  with 
the  reserves.  The  pay  of  the  men  enlisted 
hereunder  shall  be  the  same  as  that  provided 
by  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  authorize  the 
president  to  increase  temporarily  the  military 
establishment  of  the  United  States,"  approved 
May  18,  1917:  Provided  further.  That  after 
the  expiration  of  one  year  those  enlisting  for 
the  period  of  three  years  may  be  discharged  in 
the  discretion  of  the  secretary  of  war  under 
such  rulas  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  him  after  one  year  of  service.  (Approved 
Feb.  28.  1919.) 

PENSIONS. 

The  following  sums  are  appropriated,  out 
of  any  money  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated,  for  the  payment  of  pensions  lor 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


97 


the  fiscal  year  ending-  June  30,  1920,  and  for 
other  purposes,  namely:  Army  and  navy  pen- 
sions, as  follows:  For  invalids,  widows,  minor 
children  and  dependent  relatives,  army  nurses 
and  all  other  pensioners  who  are  now  borne  on 
the  rolls,  or  who  may  hereafter  be  placed 
thereon,  under  the  provisions  of  any  and  all 
acts  of  congress.  S215.000.0UO :  Provided.  That 
the  appropriation  aforesaid  for  navy  pensions 
shall  be  paid  from  the  income  of  the  navy 
pension  fund,  so  far  as  the  same  shall  be  suf- 
ficient for  that  purpose:  Provided  further.  That 
the  amount  expended  under  each  of  the  above 
items  shall  be  accounted  for  separately.  For 
fees  and  expenses  of  examining:  surgeons,  pen- 
sions, for  services  rendered  within  the  fiscal 
year  1920.  $30,000.  (Approved  Feb.  25,  1919.) 

ROAD  CONSTRUCTION. 

The  act  making-  appropriations  for  the  serv- 
ice of  the  postoffice  department,  approved  Feb. 
28,  1919,  contains  the  following-  provisions  for 
aiding-  the  states  in  the  construction  of  g-ood 
roads: 

The  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  that  the 
United  States  shall  aid  the  states  in  the  con- 
struction of  rural  post  roads,  and  for  other 
purposes,"  approved  July  11,  1916,  is  hereby 
amended  to  provide  that  the  term  "rural  post 
roads."  as  used  in  section  2  of  said  act,  shall 
be  construed  to  mean  any  public  road  a  majer 
portion  of  which  is  now  used,  or  can  be  used, 
or  forms  a  connecting-  link  not  to  exceed  ten 
miles  in  length  of  any  road  or  roads  now  or 
hereafter  used  for  the  transportation  of  the 
United  States  mails,  excluding-  every  street  and 
road  in  a  place  having-  a  population,  as 
ehown  by  the  latest  available  federal  census. 
of  2,500  or  more,  except  that  portion  of  any 
such  street  or  road  along-  which  the  houses 
average  more  than  200  feet  apart:  Provided, 
That  section  6  of  said  act  be  further  amended 
so  that  the  limitation  of  payments  not  to  ex- 
ceed $10,000  per  mile,  exclusive  of  the  cost  of 
bridges  of  more  than  twenty  feet  clear  span, 
which  the  secretary  of  agriculture  may  make, 
be,  and  the  same  is,  increased  to  $20,000  per 
mile. 

For  the  purpose  of  carrying-  out  the  provi- 
sions of  said  act,  as  herein  amended,  there  is 
hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the 
treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  fol- 
lowing additional  sums:  The  sum  of  $50,000,- 
000  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1919. 
and  available  immediately:  the  sum  of  $75,- 
000,000  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1920;  and  the  sum  of  $75,000,000  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1921:  said  addi- 
tional sums  to  be  expended  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  said  act:  Provided,  That 
where  the  constitution  of  any  state  prohibits 
the  same  from  engaging  upon  internal  im- 
provements or  from  contracting-  public  debts 
for  extraordinary  purposes  in  an  amount  suf- 
ficient to  meet  the  monetary  requirements  of 
the  act  of  July  11.  1916,  or  any  act  amenda- 
tory thereof,  or  restricts  annual  tax  levies  for 
the  purpose  of  constructing  and  improving 
roads  and  bridges  and  where  a  constitutional 
alteration  or  amendment  to  overcome  either  or 
all  of  such  prohibitions  must  be  submitted  to 
a  referendum  at  a  general  election,  the  sum  to 
which  such  state  is  entitled  under  the  method 
of  apportionment  provided  in  the  act  of  July 
11,  1916.  or  any  act  amendatory  thereof,  shall 
be  withdrawn  by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury 
from  the  principal  fund  appropriated  by  the 
act  of  July  11,  1916,  or  any  act  amendatory 
thereof,  upon  receipt  of  the  certification  of  the 
governor  of  such  state  to  the  existence  of 
either  or  all  of  said  prohibitions,  and  such 
sum  shall  be  earned  by  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  as  a  separate  fund  for  future  dis- 
bursement as  hereinafter  provided:  Provided 
further.  That  when,  by  referendum,  the  consti- 
tutional alterations  or  amendments  necessary 
to  toe  enjoyment  of  the  sum  so  withdrawn 


have  been  approved  and  ratified  by  any  state, 
the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  upon  receipt  of 
certification  from  the  governor  of  such  state 
to  such  effect,  shall  immediately  make  avail- 
able to  such  state,  for  the  purposes  set  forth 
in  the  act  of  July  11.  1916,  or  any  act  amend- 
atory thereof,  the  sum  withdrawn  as  herein- 
before provided:  Provided  further.  That  noth- 
ing herein  shall  be  deemed  to  prevent  any 
state  from  receiving  such  portion  of  said  prin- 
cipal sum  as  is  available  under  its  existing 
constitution  and  laws:  Provided  further.  That 
in  the  expenditure  of  this  fund  for  labor  pref- 
erence shall  be  given,  other  conditions  being 
equal,  to  honorably  discharged  soldiers,  sailors 
and  marines,  but  any  other  preference  or  dis- 
crimination among  citizens  of  the  United 
States  in  connection  with  the  expenditure  of 
this  appropriation  is  hereby  declared  to  be  un- 
lawful. 

The  secretary  of  war  is  hereby  authorized 
in  his  discretion  to  transfer  to  the  secretary  of 
agriculture  all  available  war  material,  equip- 
ment and  supplies  not  needed  for  the  purposes 
of  the  war  department,  but  suitable  for  use  in 
the  improvement  of  highways,  and  that  the 
same  be  distributed  among  the  highway  de- 
partments of  the  several  states  to  be  used  on 
roads  constructed  in  whole  or  in  part  by  fed- 
eral aid,  such  distribution  to  be  made  upon  a 
value  basis  of  distribution  the  same  as  pro- 
vided by  the  federal  aid  road  act.  approved 
July  11,  1916:  Provided,  That  the  secretary 
of  agriculture,  at  his  discretion,  may  reserve 
from  such  distribution  not  to  exceed  10  per 
centum  of  such  material,  equipment  and  sup- 
plies for  use  in  the  construction  of  national 
forest  roads  and  other  roads  constructed  under 
his  direct  supervision. 

There  is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any 
money  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appro- 
priated, for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30. 
1919,  the  sum  of  $3.000.000,  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30.  1920,  the  sum  of  $3,- 
000,000  and  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1921,  the  sum  of  $3,000,000,  available 
until  expended  by  the  secretary  of  agriculture 
in  co-operation  with  the  proper  officials  of  the 
state,  territory,  insular  possession,  or  county, 
in  the  survey,  construction  and  maintenance 
of  roads  and  trails  within  or  partly  within  the 
national  forests,  when  necessary  for  the  use 
and  development  of  resources  of  the  same  or 
desirable  for  the  proper  administration,  protec- 
tion and  improvement  of  any  such  forest.  Out 
of  the  sums  so  appropriated  the  secretary  of 
agriculture  may,  without  the  co-operation  of 
such  officials,  survey,  construct  and  maintain 
any  road  or  trail  within  a  national  forest 
which  he  finds  necessary  for  the  r-'oper  ad- 
ministration, protection  and  improvement  of 
such  forest,  or  which  in  his  opinion  is  of  na- 
tional importance.  In  the  expenditure  of  this 
fund  for  labor  preference  shall  be  given,  other 
conditions  being  equal,  to  honorably  discharged 
soldiers,  sailors  and  marines. 

The  secretary  of  agriculture  shall  make  an- 
nual report  to  congress  of  the  amounts  ex- 
pended hereunder. 

No  officer  or  enlisted  man  of  the  army,  navy 
or  marine  corps  shall  be  detailed  for  work  on 
the  roads  which  come  within  the  provisions  of 
this  act  except  by  his  own  consent:  And  pro- 
vided further.  That  the  secretary  of  agricul- 
ture through  the  war  department  shall  as- 
certain the  number  of  days  any  such  soldiers, 
sailors  and  marines  have  worked  on  the  pub- 
lic roads  in  the  several  states  (other  than 
roads  within  the  limits  of  cantonments  or 
military  reservations  in  the  several  states) 
during  the  existing  war  and  also  the  location 
where  they  worked  and  their  names  and  rank, 
and  report  to  congress  at  the  beginning  of  its 
next  regular  session:  Provided  further.  That 
when  any  officer  or  enlisted  man  in  the  army, 
the  navy  or  the  marine  corps  shall  have  beem 


98 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


or  may  be  in  the  future  detailed  for  labor  in 
the  building:  of  roads  or  other  highway  con- 
struction or  repair  work  (other  than  roads 
within  the  limits  of  cantonments  or  military 
reservations  in  the  several  states)  during-  the 
existing-  war.  the  pay  of  such  officer  or  en- 
listed man  shall  be  equalized  to  conform  to 
the  compensation  paid  to  civilian  employes  in 
the  same  or  like  employment  and  the  amount 
found  to  be  due  such  officers,  soldiers,  sailors 
and  marines,  less  the  amount  of  his  pay  as 
such  officer,  soldier,  sailor  or  marine,  shall  be 
paid  to  him  from  the  1920  appropriation  here- 
in allotted  to  the  states  wherein  such  highway 
construction  or  repair  work  was  or  will  be 

performed.  

PERRY'S  VICTORY  MEMORIAL 
COMMISSION. 

Whereas,  there  has  been  erected  by  the  Per- 
ry's victory  centennial  commission,  composed 
of  members  appointed  pursuant  to  law,  a  great 
memorial  monument  on  Put-in-Bay  island,  Lake 
Erie,  Ohio,  at  a  cost  of  approximately  $1,000,- 
000,  perpetually  memorializing-  the  victory  of 
Commodore  Oliver  Hazard  Perry  in  the  battle 
of  Lake  Erie  and  Gen.  William  Henry  Harri- 
son's northwestern  campaign  in  the  war  of 
1812.  and  commemorating-  the  century  of 
peace  whch  has  ensued  between  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States  since  the  termination  of 
that  conflict  by  the  signing-  of  the  treaty  ol 
Ghent :  and. 

Whereas,  the  federal  government  and  the 
states  of  Ohio,  Pennsylvania.  Michigan,  Illi- 
nois, Wisconsin.  New  York.  Rhode  Island,  Ken- 
tucky,  and  Massachusetts  have  severally  con- 
tributed to  the  payment  of  such  cost;  and. 

Whereas,  the  legal  title  to  the  land  constitut- 
ing the  site  whereon  said  memorial  has  been 
erected  is  vested  in  the  United  States  solely  in 
perpetual  trust,  for  the  use.  occupancy  and 
enjoyment  of  said  memorial  and  other  memo- 
rial public  uses  and  purposes  not  inconsistent 
with  said  memorial;  and. 

Whereas,  said  memorial  is  now  self-sustain- 
ing and  will  so  continue  as  to  the  maintenance 
thereof,  if  due  provision  is  made  for  its  care 
and  protection:  therefore. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  senate  and  house  of 
representatives  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ca  in  congress  assembled.  That  a  Perry's  vic- 
tory memorial  commission  is  hereby  created, 
consisting  of  Nelson  A.  Miles,  Charles  H.  Davis 
and  J.  Warren  Keifer,  commissioners  of  the 
United  States;  Georg-e  H.  Worthington.  Web- 
ster P.  Huntington.  S.  M.  Johannsen.  Eli  Wink- 
ler  and  Horace  Holbrook.  commissioners  from 
the  state  of  Ohio:  A.  E.  Sisson,  Milton  W. 
Shreve.  Edwin  H.  Vare,  T.  C.  Jones  and  George 
W.  Neff.  commissioners  from-  the  state  of 
Pennsylvania;  Arthur  P.  Loomis,  John  C. 
Lodge.  Roy  S.  Barnhart  and  E.  K.  Warren, 
commissioners  from  the  state  of  Michigan; 
William  H.  Thbmpson,  Chesley  R.  Perry.  James 
Pugh,  Richard  S.  Felsom.  Nelson  N.  Lampert, 
Adam  Weckler,  William  Porter  Adams,  Willis 
J.  Wells.  W.  H.  Mclntosh  and  H.  S.  Becke- 
meyer,  commissioners  from  the  state  of  Illi- 
nois; Frederick  M.  Symonds.  John  M.  White- 
head.  A.  W.  Sanborn.  C.  B.  Perry,  S.  W.  Ran- 
dolph. Louis  Bohmrich  and  Sol  P.  Huntingtpn, 
commissioners  from  the  state  of  Wisconsin: 
William  J.  Conners,  George  D.  Emerson,  John 
F.  Malone,  Edward  D.  Jackson.  Simon  L.  Adler. 
Martin  H.  Glynn,  William  F.  Rafferty.  Wil- 
liam L.  Ormrod,  Charles  H.  Wiltsie  and  Jacob 
Shifferdeeker.  commissioners  from  the  state  of 
New  York;  John  P.  Sanborn,  Louis  N.  Arnold. 
Sumner  Mowry.  Henry  Davis  and  Harry  Cutler, 
commissioners  from  the  state  of  Rhode  Island: 
and  Henry  Watterson,  Andrew  Cowan,  Samuel 
M.  Wilson.  R.  W.  Nelson  and  Mackenzie  R. 
Todd,  commissioners  from  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky, who  shall  serve  without  compensation 
save  necessary  expenses. 

As    vacancies    occur  in   the   commission   on 


the  part  of  the  several  states,  they  shall  re- 
main unfilled  until  only  three  commissioners 
from  each  state  remain;  thereafter  the  com- 
missioners from  each  state  shall  be  three 

When  a  vacancy  shall  occur  in  the  commis- 
sion on  the  part  of  the  United  States  it  shall 
be  filled  by  the  president  of  the  United  States 
and  when  such  vacancy  shall  occur  on  the  part 
of  any  state  the  same  shall  be  filled  by  the 
president  of  the  United  States  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  governor  of  such  state. 

Sec.  2.  That  said  commission,  upon  the'  said 
memorial  and  the  site  thereof  being  turned 
over  to  it.  shall  forthwith  have  full  posses- 
sion and  control  thereof  with  power  to  main- 
tain, improve,  protect  and  preserve  the  same 
from  injury  thereto  so  far  as  its  revenues  will 
permit,  and  with  power  to  appoint  all  neces- 
sary officers,  agents  and  employes  and  to  fix 
their  compensation:  also  to  have  such  other 
powers  as  may  be  necessary  to  accomplish  the 
purposes  and  objects  and  to  fulfill  the  duties 
of  the  commission.  It  shall  not  contract  any 
debt  or  obligation  payable  otherwise  than  from 
the  net  revenues  derived  from  its  operation 
and  management  of  said  site  and  memorial  or 
that  may  be  derived  by  it  from  other  sources 

Sec.  3.  That  the  title  to  said  memorial  and 
site  hitherto  conveyed  to  the  United  States  by 
the  state  of  Ohio  is  hereby  accepted  by  the 
United  States  for  the  uses,  purposes  and  trusts 
therein  and  by  this  act  provided. 
.  Sec.  4.  That  the  said  commission  is  author- 
ized and  empowered  to  receive  donations  and 
bequests,  to  improve  said  site  and  to  erect 
thereon,  when  sufficient  funds  are  available  for 
such  purposes,  other  structures  of  a  general 
public  character,  but  the  same  shall  harmonize 
with  the  memorial,  and  such  structures  when 
erected  shall  become  subject  wholly  to  said 
commission  and  the  title  to  the  same  shall 
vest  as  does  the  title  to  said  site  and  memorial 
and  be  subject  to  the  same  uses,  possession 
trust,  control  and  management. 

Sec.  5.  That  said  commission,  through  its 
president  and  treasurer,  shall  make  in  writing- 
a  report  to  the  secretary  of  the  interior  of  the 
United  States  on  the  first  Monday  in  Decem- 
ber of  each  year,  in  which  shall  be  stated  the 
condition  of  the  said  site  and  memorial  as  to 
preservation,  and  all  receipts  and  disbursements 
of  money  pertaining  thereto. 

Sec  6.  That  the  officers  of  the  commission 
shall  be  a  president,  vice-president,  secretary 
and  treasurer  and  such  other  officers  agents 
and  employes  as  it  may  deem  necessary. 

The  commission  shall  have  power  to  adopt 
rules  and  by-laws  for  its  government  and  to 
provide  the  methods  of  voting  and  the  number 
of  votes  each  state  having  more  than  three 
commissioners  shall  cast  at  its  meeting. 

Sec  7.  That  the  right  to  alter,  amend  or 
repeal  this  act  as  hereby  expressly  reserved. 
(Approved  March  3,  1919.) 

GRAND  CANYON  NATIONAL  PARK. 
There  is  hereby  reserved  and  withdrawn 
from  settlement,  occupancy  or  disposal  under 
the  laws  of  the  United  States  and  dedicated 
and  set  apart  as  a  public  park  for  the  benefit 
and  enjoyment  of  the  people,  under  the  name 
of  the  "Grand  Canyon  National  park,"  the 
tract  of  land  in  the  state  of  Arizona  particu- 
larly described  by  and  included  within  metes 
and  bounds  as  follows,  to  wit:  [Here  foUows 
a  legal  description  of  the  boundaries  of  the 
park,  which  includes  some  996  square  miles  of 
land,  embracing  the  finest  portion  of  the  Colo- 
rado river  canyon  in  Arizona.]  The  admin- 
istration, protection  and  promotion  of  said 
Grand  Canyon  National  park  shall  be  exercised, 
under  the  direction  of  the  secretary  of  the  in- 
terior, by  the  national  park  service,  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Aug.  25,  1916, 
entitled  "An  act  to  establish  a  national  park 
service,  and  for  other  purposes" :  Provided, 
That  all  concessions  for  hotels,  camps,  trans- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAE-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


99 


portation  and  other  privileges  of  every  kind 
and  naturo  lor  the  accommodation  or  enter- 
tainment of  visitors  shall  be  let  at  public  bid- 
ding- to  the  best  and  most  responsible  bidder. 

Nothing-  herein  contained  shall  affect  the 
rights  of  the  Havasupai  tribe  of  Indians  to 
the  use  and  occupancy  of  the  bottom  lands  of 
the  Canyon  of  Cataract  Creek  as  described  in 
the  executive  order  of  March  31.  1882.  and 
the  secretary  of  the  interior  is  hereby  author- 
ized, in  his  discretion,  to  permit  individual 
members  of  said  tribe  to  use  and  occupy  other 
tracts  of  land  within  said  park  for  agricul- 
tural purposes. 

Nothing  herein  contained  shall  affect  any 
valid  existing  claim,  location  or  entry  under 
the  land  laws  of  the  United  States,  whether 
for  homestead,  mineral,  right  of  way  or  any 
other  purpose  whatsoever  or  shall  affect  the 
rights  of  any  such  claimant,  locator  or  entry- 
man  to  the  full  use  and  enjoyment  of  his  land 
and  nothing-  herein  contained  shall  affect,  di- 
minish or  impair  the  right  and  authority  of 
the  county  of  Coconino,  in  the  state  of  Ari- 
zona, to  levy  and  collect  tolls  for  the  passage 
of  live  stock  over  and  upon  the  Bright  Angel 
toll  road  and  trail,  and  the  secretary  of  the 
interior  is  hereby  authorized  to  negotiate  with 
the  said  county  of  Coconino  for  the  purchase 
of  said  Bright  Angel  toll  road  and  trail  and  all 
rights  therein  and  report  to  congress  at  as 
early  a  date  as  possible  the  terms  upon  which 
the  property  can  be  procured. 

Whenever  consistent  with  the  primary  pur- 
poses of  said  park  the  act  of  Feb.  15,  1901, 
applicable  to  the  locations  of  rights  of  way  in 
certain  national  parks  and  the  national  forests 
lor  irrigation  and  other  purposes  and  subse- 
quent acts  shall  be  and  remain  applicable  to 
the  lands  included  within  the  park.  The  secre- 
retary  of  the  interior  may,  in  his  discretion 
and  upon  such  conditions  as  he  may  deem  prop- 
er, grant  easements  or  rights  of  way  for  rail- 
roads upon  or  across  the  park. 

Whenever  consistent  with  the  primary  pur- 
poses of  said  park,  the  secretary  of  the  in- 
terior is  authorized,  under  general  regulations 
to  be  prescribed  by  him,  to  permit  the  pros- 
pecting, development  and  utilization  of  the 
mineral  resources  of  said  park  upon  such 
terms  and  for  specified  periods  or  otherwise 
as  he  may  deem  to  be  for  the  best  interests 
of  the  United  States. 

Whenever  consistent  with  the  primary  pur- 
poses of  said  park,  the  secretary  of  the  In- 
terior is  authorized  to  permit  the  utilization 
of  areas  therein  which  may  be  necessary  for 
the  development  and  maintenance  of  a  govern- 
ment reclamation  project. 

Where  privately  owned  lands  within  the  said 
park  lie  within  three  hundred  feet  of  the  rim 
of  the  Grand  Canyon  no  building,  tent,  fence 
or  other  structure  shall  be  erected  on  the  park 
lands  lying  between  said  privately  owned 
lands  and  the  rim. 

The  executive  order  of  Jan.  11,  1908,  creat- 
ing- the  Grand  Canyon  national  monument,  is 
hereby  revoked  and  repealed,  and  such  parts 
of  the  Grand  Canyon  national  game  preserve, 
designated  under  authority  of  the  act  of  con- 
gress, approved  June  29,  1906,  entitled  "An 
act  for  the  protection  of  wild  animals  in  the 
Grand  Canyon  forest  reserve."  as  are  by  this 
act  included  with  the  Grand  Canyon  national 
park  are  hereby  excluded  and  eliminated  from 
said  game  preserve.  (Approved  Feb.  26, 

1919.)  

LAFAYETTE    NATIONAL    PARK. 

The  tracts  of  land,  easements  and  other 
real  estate  heretofore  known  as  the  Sieur  de 
Monts  National  monument  situated  on  Mount 
Desert  island,  in  the  county  of  Hancock  and 
state  of  Maine,  established  and  designated  as 
a  national  monument  under  the  act  of  June 
8.  1906.  entitled  "An  act  for  the  preservation 
of  American  antiquities,"  by  presidential  proc- 


lamation of  July  8,  1916,  is  hereby  declared 
to  be  a  national  park  and  dedicated  as  a  pub- 
lic park  for  the  benefit  and  enjoyment  of  the 
people  under  the  name  of  the  Lafayette  Na- 
tional park,  under  which  name  the  aforesaid 
national  park  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  and 
to  use  all  moneys  heretofore  or  hereafter  ap- 
propriated for  Sieur  de  Monts  National  monu- 
ment. 

The  administration,  protection  and  promo- 
tion of  said  Lafayette  National  park  shall  be 
exercised  under  the  direction  of  the  secretary 
of  the  interior  by  the  national  park  service, 
subject  to  the  provision  of  the  act  of  Aug. 
25,  1916,  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  a  na- 
tional park  service,  and  for  other  purposes." 
and  acts  additional  thereto  or  amendatory 
thereof. 

The  secretary  of  the  interior  is  hereby  au- 
thorized, in  his  discretion,  to  accept  in  behalf 
of  the  United  States  such  other  property  on 
said  Mount  Desert  island,  including  lands,  ease- 
ments, buildings  and  moneys,  as  may  be  do- 
nated for  the  extension  or  improvement  of  said 
park.  (Approved  Feb.  26.  1919.) 

LIGNITE  AND  PEAT   INVESTIGATION. 

The  secretary  of  the  interior  is  hereby  au- 
thorized and  directed  to  make  experiments 
and  investigations,  through  the  bureau  of 
mines,  of  lignite  coals  and  peat,  to  determine 
the  commercial  and  economic  practicability  of 
their  utilization  in  producing  fuel  oil.  g-asoline 
substitutes,  ammonia,  tar,  solid  fuels,  gas  for 
power  and  other  purposes:  and  there  is  hereby 
appropriated,  out  of  the  funds  in  the  treasury 
not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  $100.- 
000,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  needed, 
to  conduct  such  experiments  and  investigations, 
including  personal  services  in  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  elsewhere  and  including  supplies, 
equipment,  expenses  of  traveling  and  subsist- 
ence, and  for  every  other  expense  incident  to 
this  work. 

The  secretary  of  the  interior  is  authorized 
and  directed  to  sell  or  otherwise  dispose  of  any 
property,  plant  or  machinery  purchased  or 
acquired  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  as 
soon  as  the  experiments  and  investigation* 
hereby  authorized  have  been  concluded,  and  re- 
port the  results  of  such  experiments  and  in- 
vestigations to  congress.  (Approved  Feb.  25. 
1919.) 

F'vrTRTEENTH  DECENNIAL   CENSUS. 

A  census  of  the  population,  agriculture, 
manufactures,  forestry  and  forest  products  and 
mines  and  quarries  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  taken  by  the  director  of  the  census  in  the 
year  1920  and  every  ten  years  thereafter.  The 
census  herein  provided  for  shall  include  each 
state,  the  District  of  Columbia.  Alaska,  Hawaii 
and  Porto  Rico.  A  census  of  Guam  and  Sa- 
moa shall  be  taken  in  the  same  year  by  the 
respective  governors  of  said  islands  and  a 
census  of  the  Panama  Canal  Zone  by  the  gov- 
ernor of  the  Canal  Zone  in  accordance  with 
plans  prescribed  OP  approved  by  the  director 
of  the  census. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  period  of  three  years  begin- 
ning the  first  day  of  July  next  preceding  the 
census  provided  for  in  section  1  of  this  act 
shall  be  known  as  the  deconninl  census  Drriod. 
and  the  reports  upon  the  inquiries  provided  for 
in  said  section  shall  be  completed  and  pub- 
lished within  such  period. 

Sec.  3.  That  during  the  decennial  census  pe- 
riod, and  no  longer,  there  may  be  employed  in 
the  census  office,  in  addition  to  the  force  pro- 
vided for  by  the  legislative,  executive  and  ju- 
dicial appropriation  act  for  the  fiscal  year 
immediately  preceding  the  decennial  census  pe- 
riod, an  assistant  director,  who  shall  be  an  ex- 
perienced practical  statistician;  a  chief  statis- 
tician, who  shall  be  a  person  of  known  and 
tried  experience  in  statistical  work;  a  disburs- 
ing clerk;  an  appointment  clerk;  a  private  eeo- 
I  retary  to  the  director:  four  stenographers: 


100 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


eight  expert  chiefs  of  division:  and  ten  statisti- 
cal experts.  The  assistant  director  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  president,  by  and  with  the  ad- 
vice and  consent  of  the  senate.  The  chief  stat- 
istician, the  disbursing  clerk,  the  appointment 
clerk,  the  chiefs  of  divisions  and  the  private 
secretary  to  the  director  shall  be  appointed 
without  examination  by  the  secretary  of  com- 
merce upon  the  recommendation  01  tne  direc- 
tor of  the  census.  The  statistical  experts  and 
the  stenographers  shall  be  appointed  in  con- 
formity with  the  civil  service  act  and  rules: 
Provided,  That  whenever  practicable  women 
and  honorably  discharged  soldiers  and  sailors 
shall  be  employed  in  the  positions  herein  pro- 
Sec.  4.  That  the  assistant  director  shall  per- 
form such  duties  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the 
director  of  the  census.  In  the  absence  of  the 
director,  the  assistant  director  shall  serve  as 
director  and  in  the  absence  of  the  director  and 
assistant  director,  the  chief  clerk  shall  serve 

a8Thereappointment  clerk  shall  perform  the  du- 
ties assigned  him  by  the  director  of  the  cen- 
sus The  disbursing-  clerk  of  the  census  office 
shall,  at  the  beginning  of  the  decennial  census 
period  give  bond  to  the  secretary  of  the  treas- 
ury in  the  sum  of  $100.000.  surety  to  be  ap- 
proved by  the  solicitor  of  the  treasury,  which 
Taond  shall  be  conditioned  that  the  said  officer 
shall  render,  quarter  yearly,  a  true  and  faith- 
ful account  to  the  proper  accounting  officers  of 
the  treasury  of  all  moneys  and  properties 
which  shall  be  received  by  him  by  virtue  of 
his  office  during  the  said  decennial  census  pe- 
riod. Such  bond  shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of 
the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  to  be  by  him  put 
in  suit  upon  any  breach  of  the  conditions 

Sec?  5.  That  during  <the  decennial  census  pe- 
riod the  annual  compensation  of  the  officials 
of  the  census  office  shall  be  as  follows:  The 
director  of  the  census.  87.500 :  the  assistant  di- 
rector $5.000:  the  chief  clerk  and  three  chief 
statisticians  for  the  divisions  ol  population, 
manufactures  and  agriculture,  respectively.  $4,- 
000  each:  three  other  chief  statisticians  for 
the  divisions  of  vital  statistics  and  statistics 
of  cities,  and  the  chief  statistician  provided 
for  in  section  3  of  this  act.  83,600  each: 
the  geographer.  $3.000:  the  disbursing  clerk. 
$3000-  the  appointment  clerk,  $2.750:  the 
chiefs  of  division.  «2,500  each:  the  private 
secretary  to  the  director.  $2,250:  the  statisti- 
cal experts.  $2,000  each:  and  the  stenogra- 
phers provided  for  in  section  3  of  this  act. 

Sec.  6?aThat  in  addition  to  the  force  herein- 
before provided  for'  and  to  that  authorized  by 
the  legislative,  executive  and  judicial  appropri- 
ation act  for  the  fiscal  year  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  decennial  census  period,  there  may 
be  employed  in  the  census  office  during-  the 
decennial  census  period,  and  no  longer,  as  many 
clerks  with  salaries  at  the  rates  of  $1,800. 
$1  680.  $1.560.  $1.440,  $1,380.  $1.320,  $1.- 
260  $1.200.  $1.140.  $1.080.  $1.020.  $960  and 
$900:  one  engineer  at  $1,200:  and  two  photo- 
stat operators  at  $1,200  each;  as  many  skilled 
laborers  with  salaries  at  the  nte  of  not  less 
than  $720  nor  more  than  $1.000  per  annum: 
and  as  many  messengers,  assistant  messengers, 
messenger  boys,  watchmen,  unskilled  laborers 
and  charwoman  as  may  be  found  nccess-uy  for 
the  proper  and  prompt  performance  of  the  du- 
ties herein  required:  these  additional  clerks  and 
employes  to  be  appointed  by  the  director  of  the 
census:  Provided,  That  the  total  number  of 
such  additional  clerks  with  salaries  at  the  rate 
of  $1,440  or  more  per  annum  shall  at  no  time 
exceed  150:  Provided  further.  That  employes 
engaged  in  the  compilation  or  tabulation  of 
statistics  by  the  use  of  mechanical  devices  may 
be  compensated  on  a  piece-price  basis  to  be 
fixed  by  the  director:  Provided,  That  hereafter 
in  making  appointments  to  clerical  and  other 


positions  in  the  executive  departments  and  In 
independent  governmental  establishments  pref- 
erence shall  be  given  to  honorably  discharged 
soldiers,  sailors  and  marines  and  widows  of 
such,  it  they  are  qualified  to  hold  such  posi- 
tions. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  additional  clerks  and  other 
employes  provided  for  by  section  6  shall  be 
subject  to  such  special  test  examinations  ae 
the  director  of  the  census  may  prescribe,  sub- 
ject to  the  approval  of  the  United  States  civil 
service  commission,  these  examinations  to  be 
conducted  by  the  United  States  civil  service 
commission,  to  be  open  to  all  applicants  with- 
out regard  to  political  party  affiliations,  and 
to  be  held  at  such  places  in  each  state  as  may 
be  designated  by  the  civil  service  commission 
Certifications  shall  be  made  by  the  civil  service 
commission  upon  request  of  the  director  of  the 
census  from  the  eligible  registers  so  estab- 
lished. in  conformity  with  the  law  of  appor- 
tionment as  now  provided  for  the  classified 
service,  and  selections  therefrom  shall  be  mado 
by  the  director  of  the  census,  in  the  order  of 
rating:  Provided.  That  the  requirement  as  to 
conformity  with  the  law  of  apportionment  shall 
not  apply  to  messenger  boys,  unskilled  labor- 
ers and  charwomen:  Provided  further.  That 
hereafter  .all  examinations  of  applicants  for 
positions  in  the  government  service  from  any 
state  or  territory  shall  be  had  in  the  Sate  £ 
territory  in  which  such  applicant  resides,  and 
no  person  shall  be  eligible  for  such  examina- 
tion or  appointment  unless  he  or  she  shall 
have  been  actually  domiciled  in  such  state  or 
territory  for  at  least  one  year  previous  to  such 
examination:  Provided  further.  That  the  civil 
service  commission  shall  hold  examinations  of 
applicants  temporarily  absent  from  the  places 
t0nVthnfrr.efal  Evidence  or  domicile  in  the  S3! 
§£&«  ?  J>  ?lumbla  and  elsewhere  in  the  United 
States  where  examinations  are  usuallv 


the  requirements  of  e 
isting  law  as  to  legal  residence  or  domicile  of 
such  applicants:  And  provided  further  That 
no  p-er*8^n  afflicted  with  tuberculosis  shall  be 
appointed  and  that  each  applicant  for  appoint- 
ment shall  accompany  his  or  her  application 
with  a  certificate  of  health  from  some  reputable 
Physician:  And  provided  further.  That  in  no 
instance  shall  more  than  one  person  be  ap- 
pointed from  the  same  family:  And  provided 
&!££ti5i£S*8*  the  ^te^cies  of  theTe%- 
ice  require,  the  director  may  appoint  for  tem- 
porary employment  not  exceeding  six  months* 
duration  from  the  aforesaid  list  of  eligiblea 
those  who.  by  reason  of  residence  or  other  con- 
ditions. are  immediately  available-  and  may 
also  appoint  for  not  exceeding  six  month? 
duration  persons  having  had  previous  experi- 
ence in  operating  mechanical  appliances  in 
census  work  whose  efficiency  records  in  oper- 
ating such  appliances  are  satisfactory  to  him 
and  may  accept  such  records  in  lieu  of  the 
civil  service  examination:  And  provided  fur- 
ther. That  employes  in  other  branches  of  the 
departmental  classified  service  who  have  had 
previous  experience  in  census  work  may  be 
transferred  without  examination  to  the  census 
office  to  serve  during  the  whole  or  a  part  of 
the  decennial  census  period  and  at  the  end  of 
such  service  the  employes  so  transferred  shall 
be  eligible  to  appointment  to  positions  in  any 
department  held  by  th^m  at  date  of  transfer 
to  the  census  office  without  examination,  but 
no  employe  so  transferred  shall  within  one 
year  after  such  transfer  receive  higher  salary 
than  he  is  receiving-  at  the  time  of  the  trans- 
fer: And  provided  further.  That  during-  the 
decennial  census  period  and  no  longer  the  di- 
rector at  the  census  may  fill  vacancies  in  the 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


101 


permanent  force  of  the  census  office  by  the 
promotion  or  transfer  of  clerks  or  other  em- 
ployes employed  on  the  temporary  force  au- 
thorized by  section  6  of  this  act:  And  pro- 
vided  further.  That  at  the  expiration  of  the 
decennial  census  period  the  term  of  service  of 
all  employes  so  transferred  and  of  all  other 
temporary  officers  and  employes  appointed  un- 
der the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  terminate. 
and  such  officers  and  employes  shall  not  be 
eligible  to  appointment  or  transfer  into,  the 
classified  service  of  the  government  by  virtue 
of  their  examination  or  appointment  under 
this  act:  And  provided  further.  That  in  the 
selection  of  the  additional  clerks  and  employes 
provided  for  by  section  6  the  director  of  the 
census  is  authorized  to  use.  .so  far  a*  prac- 
ticable, the  re-employment  registers  established 
by  executive  order  of  Nov.  26.  1918.  and  so 
far  as  the  same  applies  to  permanent  appoint- 
ments by  competition. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  fourteenth  census  shall  be 
restricted  to  inquiries  relating-  to  population. 
to  agriculture,  to  manufactures,  to  forestry 
and  forest  products,  and  to  mines  and  quar- 
ries. The  schedules  relating  to  population 
shall  include  for  each  inhabitant  the  name, 
place  of  abode,  relationship  to  head  of  family, 
color,  sex,  age,  conjugal  condition,  place  of 
birth,  place  of  birth  of  parents,  nationality  or 
mother  tong-ue  of  all  persons  born  in  foreign 
countries,  nationality  or  mother  tongue  pi 
parents  of  foreign  birth,  number  of  years  in 
the  United  States,  citizenship,  occupation, 
whether  or  not  employer  or  employe,  whether 
or  not  engaged  in  agriculture,  school  attend- 
ance literacy,  tenure  of  home  and  the  incum- 
brance  thereon,  and  the  name  and  address  of 
each  blind  or  deaf  and  dumb  person. 

The  schedules  relating-  to  agriculture  shall 
Include  name,  color,  sex  and  country  of  birth 
of  occupant  of  each  farm,  tenure,  acreage  of 
farm  acreage  of  woodland,  value  of  farm  and 
improvements,  and  the  incumbrance  there9n. 
value  of  farm  implements,  number  of  live 
stock  on  farms,  ranges  and  elsewhere,  and  the 
acreage  of  crops  and  the  quantities  of  crops 
and  other  farm  products  for  the  year  ending 
Dec.  31.  next  preceding  the  enumeration.  In- 
quiries shall  be  made  as  to  the  quantity  of 
land  reclaimed  by  irrigation  and  drainage  ana 
the  crops  produced:  also  as  to  the  location  and 
character  of  irrigation  and  dr linage  r;nter- 
prises.  and  the  capital  invested  in  such,  enter- 
prises. 

The  schedules  of  inquiries  relating  to  manu- 
factures, to  forestry  and  forest  products,  and 
to  mines  and  quarries  shall  include  the  name 
and  location  of  each  establishment;  character 
of  organization,  whether  individual,  corporate 
or  other  form;  character  of  business  or  kind 
of  goods  manufactured;  amount  of  capital 
actually  invested;  number  of  proprietors,  firm 
members,  copartners  and  officers,  and  the 
amount  of  their  salaries;  number  of  employes 
and  the  amount  of  their  wages;  quantity  and 
cost  of  materials  used  in  manufactures:  prin- 
cipal miscellaneous  expenses;  quantity  and 
value  of  products:  time  in  operation  during 
the  year:  character  and  quantity  of  power 
used:  and  character  and  number  of  machines 
employed. 

The  census  of  manufactures,  of  forestry  and 
forest  products,  and  of  mines  and  quarries 
shall  relate  to  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  next 
preceding  the  enumeration  of  population,  and 
shall  be  confined  to  manufacturing  establish- 
ments and  mines  and  quarries  which  were  in 
active  operation  during  all  or  a  portion  of 
that  year.  The  census  of  manufactures  shall 
furthermore  be  confined  to  manufacturing  es- 
tablishments conducted  under  what  is  known 
as  the  factory  system,  exclusive  of  the  so-called 
neighborhood,  household  and  hand  industries. 

Whenever  he  shall  deem  it  expedient,  the 
director  of  the  census  may  charge  the  collec- 


tion of  these  statistics  upon  special  agents  or 
upon  detailed  employes,  to  be  employed  with- 
out respect  to  locality. 

The  number,  form  and  subdivision  of  In- 
quiries provided  for  in  section  8  shall  be  de- 
termined by  the  director  of  the  census. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  director  of  the  census  shall. 
at  least  six  months  prior  to  the  date  fixed  for 
commencing  the  enumeration  at  the  fourteenth 
and  each  succeeding  decennial  census,  desig- 
nate the  number,  whether  one  or  more,  pi 
supervisors  of  census  for  each  state,  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  Alaska.  Hawaii  and  Porto 
Rico,  and  shall  define  the  districts  within 
which  they  are  to  act;  except  that  the  direc- 
tor of  the  census,  in  his  discretion,  need  not 
designate  supervisors  for  Alaskn.  Hawaii  and 
Porto  Rico,  but  in  lieu  thereof  may  employ 
special  agent?  as  hereinafter  provided.  The 
supervisors  shall  be  appointed  by  the  secre- 
tary of  commerce  upon  the  recommendation  ot 
the  director  of  the  census:  Provided.  That 
the  whole  number  of  supervisors  shall  not  ex. 
ceed  400;  Provided  further.  That  so  far  aa 
practicable  and  desirable  the  boundaries  of 
the  supervisors'  districts  shall  con'orm  to  the 
boundaries  of  the  congressional  districts:  And 
provided  further.  That  if  in  any  supervisor's 
district  the  supervisor  has  not  been  appointed 
and  qualified  ninety  days  preceding  the  date 
fixed  for  the  commencement  of  the  enumera- 
tion, or  if  any  vacancy  shall  occur  thereafter, 
either  through  death,  removal  or  resignation 
of  a  supervisor,  or  from  any  other  cause,  the 
director  of  the  census  may  appoint  a  tem- 
porary supervisor  or  detail  an  employe  of  the 
census  office  to  act  as  supervisor  for  that 
district. 

Sec.  10.  That  each  supervisor  of  census  shall 
be  charged  with  the  performance  within  hifl 
own  district  of  the  following-  duties:  To  con- 
sult with  the  director  of  census  in  regard  to 
the  division  of  his  district  into  sul  divi- 
sions most  convenient  for  the  purpose  of  th« 
enumeration,  which  subdivisions  or  enumera- 
tion districts  shall  be  defined  and  the  boun- 
daries thereof  fixed  by  the  director  of  the 
census;  to  designate  to  the  director  suitable 
persons  and  with  his  consent  to  employ  such 
pers9ns  as  enumerators,  one  or  more  for  each 
subdivision;  to  communicate  to  enumerators 
the  necessary  instructions  and  directions  relat- 
ing to  their  duties:  to  examine  and  scrutinize 
the  returns  of  the  enumerators,  and  in  the 
event  of  discrepancies  or  deficiencies  ap- 
pearing in  any  of  the  said  returns,  to 
use  all  diligence  in  causing  the  same  to  be 
corrected  or  supplied;  to  forward  the  complet- 
ed returns  of  the  enumerators  to  the  director 
at  such  time  and  in  such  manner  as  shill  be 
prescribed,  and  to  make  up  and  forward  to 
tfte  director  the  accounts  of  each  enumerator 
in  his  district  for  service  rendered,  which  ac- 
counts shall  be  duly  certified  to  by  the  enu- 
merator, and  the  same  shall  be  certified  as  true 
and  correct  if  so  found  by  the  supervisor,  and 
said  accounts  so  certified  shall  be  accepted  and 
paid  by  the  director.  The  duties  imposed  upon 
the  supervisor  by  this  act  shall  be  performed 
in  any  and  all  particulars  in  accordance  with 
the  orders  and  instructions  of  the  director  of 
the  census. 

Sec.  11.  That  each  supervisor  of  the  census 
shall,  upon  the  completion  of  his  duties  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  director  of  the  census,  re- 
ceive the  sum  of  81.500,  and  in  addition  there- 
to SI  for  each  1,000  or  major  fraction  of 
1,000  of  population  enumerated  in  his  district, 
such  sums  to  be  in  full  compensation  for  all 
services  rendered  and  expenses  incurred  by 
him:  Provided,  That  of  the  above-named  com- 
pensation a  sum  not  to  exceed  $600.  in  the 
discretion  of  the  director  of  the  census,  may 
be  paid  to  any  supervisor  prior  to  the  com- 
pletion of  his  duties  in  one  or  more  payments, 
as  the  director  of  the  census  may  determine: 


103 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Prorided  further.  That  in  emergencies  arising: 
in  connection  with,  the  work  of  preparation 
for  or  during:  the  progress  of  the  enumeration 
in  his  district  or  in  connection  with  the  re- 
enumeration  of  any  subdivision,  a  supervisor 
may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  director  of  the 
census,  be  allowed  actual  and  recessary  tra\ 
eliner  expenses  and  an  allowance  in  lieu  of 
subsistence  not  exceeding-  $4  per  day  during 
his  necessary  absence  from  his  usual  place  of 
residence:  And  provided  further,  That  an  ap- 
propriate allowance  to  supervisors  for  clerk 
hire  may  be  made  when  deemed  necessary  by 
the  director  of  the  census. 

Sec.  12.  That  each  enumerator  shall  be 
charged  with  the  collection  in  his  subdivision 
of  the  facts  and  statistics  required  by  the  pop- 
ulation and  agricultural  schedules  and  such 
other  schedules  as  the  director  of  the  census 
may  determine  shall  be  used  by  him  in 
connection  with  the  census,  as  provided 
in  section  8  of  this  act.  It  shall  be 
the  duty  of  each  enumerator  to  visit  per- 
sonally each  dwelling-  house  in  his  siibdi- 
vision,  and  each  family  therein,  and  each  indi- 
vidual living-  out  of  a  family  in  any  place  of 
abode,  and  by  inquiry  made  of  the  head  of 
each  family  or  of  the  member  thereof  deemed 
most  competent  and  trustworthy,  or  of  such 
individual  living  out  of  a  family,  to  obtain 
each  and  every  item  of  information  and  all 
particulars  required  by  this  act,  as  of  date 
•Jan.  1  of  the  year  in  which  the  erumeration 
shall  be  made;  and  in  case  no  person  shall  be 
found  at  the  usual  place  of  abode  of  sxich 
family  or  individual  living  out  9f  a  family, 
competent  to  answer  the  inquiries  made  in 
compliance  with  the  requirements  of  this  act, 
then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  enumerator  to 
obtain  the  required  information  as  nearly  as 
may  be  practicable  from  the  family  or  fam- 
ilies or  person  or  persons  living  nearest  to 
such  place  of  abode  who  may  be  competent  to 
answer  such  inquiries.  It  shall  be  the  duty 
also  of  each  enumerator  to  forward  the  orig- 
inal  schedules,  properly  filled  out  and  duly 
certified,  to  the  supervisors  of  his  district  as 
his  returns  under  the  provisions  of  this  act; 
and  in  the  event  of  discrepancies  or  deficien- 
cies being  discovered  in  these  -  schedules  he 
•hall  use  all  diligence  in  correcting  or  supply- 
ing the  same.  In  case  an  enumeration  district 
embraces  all  or  any  part  of  any  incorporated 
borough,  villa g-e.  town  or  city,  and  also  other 
territory  not  included  within  the  limits  of  such 
incorporated  borough,  village,  town  or  city,  it 
ghall  be  the  duty  of  the  enumerator  to  clearly 
and  plainly  distinguish  and  separate,  upon  the 
population  schedules,  the  inhabitants  of  such 
borough,  village,  town  or  city  from  the  in- 
habitants of  the  territory  not  included  there- 
in. No  enumerator  shall  be  deemed  Qualified 
to  enter  upon  his  duties  until  he  has  received 
from  the  supervisor  of  his  district  to  which 
he  belongs  a  commission,  signed  by  the  super- 
Tisor.  authorizing  him  to  perform  the  duties 
of  enumerator  and  setting1  forth  the  boun- 
daries of  the  subdivision  within  which  euch 
duties  are  to  be  performed. 

Sec.  13.  That  the  territory  assigned  to  each 
supervisor  shall  be  divided  into  aa  many  enu- 
meration districts  as  may  be  necessary  to  car- 
ry out  the  purposes  of  this  act,  and  in  the 
discretion  of  the  director  of  the  census,  two 
or  more  enumeration  districts  may  be  given  to 
one  enumerator  and  the  boundaries  of  all  the 
enumeration  districts  shall  be  clearly  described 
by  civil  divisions,  rivers,  roads,  public  surveys 
or  other  easily  distinguishable  lines:  Provided. 
That  enumerators  may  be  assigned  for  the  spe- 
cial enumeration  of  institutions,  when  desir- 
able, without  reference  to  the  number  of  in- 
aiates. 

Sec.  14.  That  any  supervisor  of  census  may, 
With  the  approval  of  the  director  of  the  cen- 
sus, remove  any  enumerator  in  his  district  and 


fill  the  vacancy  thus  caused  or  otherwise  oc- 
curring. Whenever  it  shall  appear  that  any 
portion  of  the  census  provided  for  in  this  act 
has  been  negligently  or  improperly  taken,  and 
is  by  reason  thereof  incomplete  or  erroneous, 
the  director  of  the  census  may  cause  such  in- 
complete and  unsatisfactory  enumeration  and 
census  to  be  amended  or  made  anew. 

Sec.  15.  That  the  director  of  the  census 
may  authorize  and  direct  supervisors  of  cen- 
sus to  employ  interpreters  to  assist  the  enu- 
merators of  their  respective  districts  in  the 
enumeration  of  persons  not  speaking  the  Eng- 
lish language,  but  no  authorizations  shall  be 
given  for  such  employment  in  any  district  un- 
til due  and  proper  effort  has  been  made  to 
employ  an  enumerator  who  can  speak  the  lan- 
guage or  languages  for  which  the  services  of 
an  interpreter  would  otherwise  be  required.  It 
shall  be  the  duty  of  such  interpreters  to  ac- 
company the  enumerators  and  faithfully  trans- 
late the  latter's  inquiries  and  the  replies 
thereto,  but  in  no  case  shall  any  such  inter- 
preter perform  the  duties  of  the  enumerator 
unless  commissioned  as  such  by  the  director 
of  the  census.  The  compensation  of  such  in- 
terpreters shall  be  fixed  by  the  director  of  thg 
census  in  advance  and  shall  not  exceed  $5  per 
day  for  each  day  actually  and  necessarily  em- 
ployed. 

Sec.  16.  That  the  compensation  of  enumera- 
tors shall  be  determined  by  the  director  of 
the  census  as  follows:  In  subdivisions  where 
he  shall  deem  such  remuneration  sufficient,  an 
allowance  of  not  less  than  2  nor  more  than  4 
cents  for  each  inhabitant;  not  less  than  20 
nor  more  than  30  cents  for  each  establishment 
of  productive  industry  reported:  not  l.rss  than 
20  nor  more  than  30  cents  for  each  farm  re- 
ported; not  less  than  20  nor  more  than  60 
cents  for  each  irrigation  or  drainage  enterprise 
reported,  and  10  cents  for  each  barn  and  in- 
closure  containing  live  stock  not  on  farms.  In 
other  subdivisions  the  director  of  the  census 
may  fix  a  mixed  rate  of  not  less  than  f  1  nor 
more  than  $2  per  day.  and,  in  addition,  an  al- 
lowance of  not  less  than  1  nor  more  than  3  cents 
for  each  inhabitant  enumerated  and  not  less 
than  15  nor  more  than  20  cents  for  each 
farm  and  each  establishment  of  productive  in-> 
dustry  reported.  In  other  subdivisions  per 
diem  rates  shall  be  fixed  by  the  director  ac- 
cording to  the  difficulty  of  enumeration,  hav- 
ing special  reference  to  the  regions  to  be  can- 
vassed and  the  sparsity  of  settlement  or  other 
considerations  pertinent  thereto.  The  compen- 
sation allowed  to  an  enumerator  in  any  such 
district  shall  not  be  less  than  $3  nor  more 
than  $6  per  day  of  eight  hours'  actual  field 
work,  and  no  payment  shall  be  made  for  time 
in  excess  of  eight  hours  for  any  one  day.  The 
subdivisions  or  enumeration  districts  to  which 
the  several  rates  of  compensation  shall  apply 
shall  be  designated  by  the  director  of  the  r->n- 
sus  at  least  two  weeks  in  advance  of  the  pnu- 
meration.  No  claim  for  mileage  or  traveling 
expenses  shall  be  allowed  any  enumerator  in 
either  class  of  subdivisions— except  in  extreme 
cases,  and  then  only  when  authority  has  been 
previously  granted  by  the  director  of  the  cen- 
sus; and  the  decision  of  the  director  as  to  the 
amount  due  any  enumerator  shall  be  final: 
Provided,  That  within  the  limits  of  continental 
United  States  each  supervisor  to  be  appointed 
or  selected  under  this  act  shall  be  an  actual 
resident  of  the  district,  and  each  enumerator 
to  be  appointed  or  selected  under  this  act 
shall,  BO  far  as  practicable,  be  an  actual  resi- 
dent of  the  subdivision  within  which  his  du- 
ties are  to  be  performed:  but  an  enumerator 
may  be  appointed  if  he  be  an  actual  resident 
of  the  city,  township  or  other  civil  division  of 
which  the  subdivision  in  which  his  duties  are 
to  be  performed  is  a  part. 

Sec.  17.  That  in  the  event  of  the  death  of 
any  supervisor  or  enumerator  after  his  ap- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


103 


pointment  and  entrance  on  his  duties,  the  di- 
rector of  census  is  authorized  to  pay  to  the 
widow  or  legal  representative  of  such  super- 
visor or  enumerator  such  sum  as  he  may  deem 
just  and  fair  for  the  services  rendered  by  such 
supervisor  or  enumerator. 

Sec.  18.  That  special  agents  may  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  director  of  the  census  to  carry 
out  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  of  the  act 
to  provide  for  a  permanent  census  office,  ap- 
proved March  6.  1902.  and  acts  amendatory 
thereof  or  supplemental  thereto:  and  such  spe- 
cial agents  shall  perform  such  duties  in  con- 
nection with  the  enforcement  of  said  acts  as 
may  be  required  of  them  by  the  director  of  the 
census.  The  special  agents  thus  appointed 
shall  receive  compensation  at  rates  to  be  fixed 
by  the  director  of  the  census,  such  compensa- 
tion, however,  not  to  exceed  $6  per  diem  ex- 
cept as  hereinafter  provided:  Provided,  That 
during1  the  decennial  census  period  the  director 
of  the  census  may  fix  the  compensation  of  not 
to  exceed  twenty-five  special  agents,  who  shall 
be  persons  of  known  and  tried  experience  in 
statistical  work,  at  an  amount  not  to  exceed 
*10  per  diem:  Provided  further.  That  the  di- 
rector of  the  census  may  in  his  discretion  fix 
the  compensation  of  special  agents  on  a  piece- 
price  basis  without  limitation  as  to  the 
amount  earned  per  diem :  And  provided  further. 
That  the  special  agents  appointed  under  this 
section  shall  be  entitled  to  necessary  travel- 
ing: expenses  and  an  allowance  in  lieu  of  sub- 
sistence not  to  exceed  $4  per  diem  during  nec- 
essary absence  from  their  usual  places  of  resi- 
dence: but  no  pay  or  allowance  in  lieu  of  sub- 
sistence shall  be  allowed  special  agents  when 
employed  in  the  census  office  on  other  than  the 
special  work  committed  to  them,  and  no  ap- 
pointments of  special  agents  shall  be  made  for 
clerical  work:  And  provided  further.  That  the 
director  of  the  census  shall  have  power,  and  is 
hereby  authorized,  to  appoint  special  agents 
to  assist  the  supervisors  whenever  he  may 
deem  it  proper,  in  connection  with  the  work 
of  preparation  for,  pr  during  the  progress  of. 
the  enumeration  or  in  connection  with  the  re- 
enumeration  of  any  district  or  a  part  thereof: 
or  he  may,  in  his  discretion,  employ  for  this 
purpose  any  of  the  permanent  or  temporary 
employes  of  the  census  office:  and  the  special 
agents  and  employes  of  the  census  office  so  ap- 
pointed or  employed  shall  perform  such  duties 
in  connection  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 
as  may  be  required  of  them  by  the  director 
of  the  census  or  by  the  supervisors  of  the  dis- 
tricts to  which  they  are  assigned,  and  when 
engaged  in  the  work  of  enumeration  or  re- 
enumeration  shall  have  like  authority  with 
and  perform  the  same  duties  as  the  enumera- 
.tors  in  respect  to  the  subjects  committed  to 
them  under  this  act. 

Sec.  19.  That  every  supervisor,  supervisor's 
clerk,  enumerator,  interpreter,  special  agent,  or 
other  employe  shall  take  and  subscribe  to  an 
oath  or  affirmation,  to  be  prescribed  by  the 
director  of  the  census.:  All  appointees  and  em- 
ployes provided  for  in  this  act  shall  be  ap- 
pointed or  employed  and  examined,  if  examina- 
tion is  required  by  this  act,  solely  with  ref- 
erence to  their  fitness  to  perform  the  duties 
required  of  them  by  the  provisions  of  this 
act  and  without  reference  to  their  political 
party  affiliations. 

Sec.  20.  That  the  enumeration  of  the  popu- 
lation required  by  section  1  of  this  act  shall 
be  taken  as  of  the  first  day  of  January,  and  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  each  enumerator  to  com- 
mence the  enumeration  of  his  district  on  the 
day  following,  unless  the  director  of  the  cen- 
sus in  his  discretion  shall  defer  the  enumera- 
tion in  said  district  by  reason  of  climatic  or 
other  conditions  which  would  materially  inter- 
fere with  the  proper  conduct  of  the  work;  but 
in  any  event  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  enu- 
merator to  prepare  the  returns  hereinbefore 
required  to  be  made  and  to  forward  the  same ' 


to  the  supervisor  of  his  district  within  thirty 
days  from  the  commencement  of  the  enumer- 
ation of  his  district:  Provided.  That  in  any 
city  having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  under 
the  preceding  census  the  enumeration  of  the 
population  shall  be  completed  within  two 
weeks  from  the  commencement  thereof. 

Sec.  21.  That  if  any  person  shall  receive  or 
secure  to  himself  any  fee.  reward,  or  compen- 
sation as  a  consideration  for  the  appointment 
or  employment  of  any  person  as  supervisor, 
enumerator  or  clerk  or  other  employe,  or  shall 
in  any  way  receive  or  secure  to  himself  any 
part  of  the  compensation  paid  to  any  super- 
visor, enumerator,  clerk  or  other  employe,  he 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  felony  and  upon 
conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  more  than 
$3.000  and  be  imprisoned  not  more  than  fiv« 
years. 

Sec.  22.  That  any  supervisor,  supervisor's 
clerk,  enumerator,  interpreter,  special  agent  or 
other  employe  who,  having  taken  and  sub- 
scribed to  the  oath  of  office  required  by  this  act. 
shall,  without  justifiable  cause,  neglect  or  refuse 
to  perform  the  duties  enjoined  on  him  by  this  act 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and 
upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  ex- 
ceeding $500:  or  if  he  shall,  without  the  au- 
thority of  the  director  of  census,  publish  or 
communicate  any  information  coming  into  his 
possession  by  reason  of  his  employment  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  the  act  to  rrovide 
for  a  permanent  census  office  or  acts  amenda- 
tory thereof  or  supplemental  thereto,  he  shall 
be  guilty  of  a  felony  and  shall  upon  convic- 
tion thereof  be  fined  not  to  exceed  $1,000  or 
be  imprisoned  not  to  exceed  two  years,  or  both 
so  fined  and  imprisoned  in  the  discretion  of 
the  court:  or  if  he  shall  willfully  and  know- 
ingly swear  or  affirm  falsely  as  to  the  truth 
of  any  statement  required  to  be  made  or  sub- 
scribed by  him  under  oath  by  or  under  author- 
ity of  this  act  or  of  the  act  to  provide  for 
a  permanent  census  office  or  acts  amendatory 
thereof  or  supplemental  thereto,  he  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  perjury,  and  unon  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $2,000  or 
imprisoned  not  exceeding  five  years,  or  both; 
or  if  he  shall  willfully  and  knowingly  make 
a  false  certificate  or  a  fictitious  return  he  shall 
be  guilty  of  a  felony  and  upon  conviction  of 
either  of  the  last  named  offenses  he  shall  be 
fined  not  exceeding  $2.000  or  be  imprisoned 
not  exceeding  five  years  or  both;  or  if  any  per- 
son who  is  pr  has  been  an  enumerator  shall 
knowingly  or  willfully  furnish  or  cause  to  be 
furnished,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  the  director 
of  the  census  or  to  any  supervisor  of  the  cen- 
sus any  false  statement  or  false  information 
with  reference  to  any  inquiry  for  which  he 
was  authorized  and  required  to  collect  inior- 
mation  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony  and  upon 
conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  exceed- 
ing $2.000  or  be  imprisoned  not  exceeding  flva 
years  or  both. 

Sec.  23.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  per- 
sons over  18  years  of  a-ge  when  requested  by 
the  director  of  the  census  or  by  any  supervi- 
sor, enumerator  or  special  agent  or  other  em- 
ploye of  the  census  office,  acting-  under  the 
instructions  of  the  said  director,  to  answer  cor- 
rectly, to  the  best  of  their  knowledge,  all  ques- 
tions on  the  census  schedules  applying-  to  them- 
selves and  to  the  families  to  which  they  belong- 
or  are  related,  and  to  the  farm  or  farms  of 
which  they  or  their  families  are  the  occupants; 
and  any  person  over  18  years  of  age  who.  un- 
der the  conditions  hereinbefore  stated,  shall  re- 
fuse or  willfully  neglect  to  answer  any  of  these 
questions,  or  shall  willfully  give  answers  that 
are  false,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and 
upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  ex- 
ceeding $100. 

And  it  is  hereby  made  unlawful  for  any  In- 
dividual, committee  or  other  organization  of 
any  kind  whatsoever  to  otter  or  render  to  any 


104 


ALIIANAO  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


supervisor,  supervisor's  clerk,  enumerator,  in- 
terpreter, special  agent  or  other  officer  or  em- 
ploye of  the  census  office  engaged  in  making 
an  enumeration  of  population,  either  directly 
or  indirectly,  any  suggestion,  advice  or  assist- 
ance of  any  kind,  with  the  intent  or  purpose 
of  causing  an  inaccurate  enumeration,  of  popu- 
lation to  be  made,  either  as  to  the  number  of 
persons  resident  in  any  district  or  community 
or  in  any  other  respect;  and  any  individual  or 
any  officer  or  member  of  any  committee  or 
other  organization  of  any  kind  whatsoever,  who 
directly  or  indirectly  offers  or  renders  any  such 
suggestion,  advice,  information  or  assistance, 
with  such  unlawful  intent  or  purpose,  shall.be 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  upon  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $5.000. 

And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  owner,  pro- 
prietor, manager,  superintendent  or  agent  of  a 
hotel,  apartment  house,  boarding  or  lodging 
house,  tenement  or  other  building,  when  re- 
quested by  the  director  of  the  census  or  by  any 
supervisor,  enumerator,  special  agent  or  other 
employe  of  the  census  office,  acting  under  the 
instructions  of  the  said  director  to  furnish  the 
names  of  the  occupants  of  said  hotel,  apart- 
ment house,  boarding  or  lodging  house,  tene- 
ment or  other  building,  and  to  give  thereto 
free  ingress  and  egress  to  any  duly  accredited 
representative  of  the  census  office,  so  as  to 
permit  of  the  collection  of  statistics  lor  census 
purposes,  including  the  proper  and  correct  enu- 
meration of  all  persona  having  their  usual 
place  of  abode  in  said  hotel,  apartment  house, 
boarding  or  lodging  house,  tenement  or  other 
building:  and  any  owner,  proprietor,  manager, 
superintendent  or  agent  of  a  hotel,  apartment 
house,  boarding  or  lodging  house,  tenement  or 
other  building  who  shall  refuse  or  willfully 
neglect  to  give  such  information  or  assistance 
under  the  conditions  hereinbefore  stated  shall 
be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  convic- 
tion thereof  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $500. 

Sec  24.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  every 
owner,  official,  agent,  person  in  charge  or  as- 
sistant to  the  person  in  charge,  .of  any  com- 
pany, business,  institution,  establishment,  reli- 
gious body  or  organization  of  any  nature  what- 
soever, to  answer  completely  and  correctly  to 
the  best  of  his  knowledge  all  questions  relat- 
ing to  his  respective  company,  business,  institu- 
tion, establishment,  religious  body  or  other  or- 
ganization or  to  records  or  statistics  in  his  offi- 
cial custody,  contained  on  any  census  schedule 
prepared  by  the  director  of  the  census  under 
the  authority  of  this  act  or  of  the  act  to  pro- 
vide for  a  permanent  census  office,  approved 
March  6,  1902.  or  of  acts  amendatory  thereof 
or  supplemental  thereto;  and  any  person  violat- 
ing the  provisions  of  this  section  by  refusing 
or  willfully  neglecting  to  answer  any  of  said 
questions  or  by  willfully  giving  answers  that 
are  false,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and 
upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  ex- 
ceeding- $10,000  or  imprisoned  for  a  period  not 
exceeding  one  year,  or  both  so  fined  and  im- 
prisoned. 

Sec.  25.  Tliat  the  information  furnished  un- 
der the  provisions  of  the  next  preceding  section 
shall  be  used  only  for  the  statistical  purposes 
for  which  it  is  supplied.  No  publication  shall 
be  made  by  the  census  office  whereby  the  data 
furnished  by  any  particular  establishment  can 
be  identified,  nor  shall  the  director  of  the  cen- 
eua  permit  any  one  other  than  the.  sworn 
emplpyes  of  the  census  office  to  examine  the 
individual  reports. 

Sec.  26.  That  all  fines  and  penalties  imposed 
by  this  act  may  be  enforced  by  indictment  or 
information  in  any  court  of  competent  jurisdic- 
tion. 

Sec.  27.  That  the  director  of  the  census  may 
authorize  the  expenditure  of  necessary  sums 
for  the  actual  and  necessary  traveling  expenses 
of  the  officers  and  employes  of  the  census  office. 
Including  an  allowance  in  lieu  of  subsistence 


not  exceeding  $4  per  day  during  their  neces- 
sary absence  from  the  census  office  or  instead 
of  such  an  allowance  their  actual  subsistence 
expenses,  not  to  exceed  $5  per  day;  and  he 
may  authorize  the  incidental,  miscellaneous 
and  contingent  expenses  necessary  for  the  car- 
rying out  of  this  act,  as  herein  provided  and 
not  otherwise,  including  advertising  in  news- 
papers, the  purchase  of  manuscripts,  books  of 
reference  and  periodicals,  the  rental  of  suffi- 
cient quarters  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
elsewhere  and  the  furnishing  thereof  and  ex- 
penditures necessary  for  compiling,  printing, 
publishing  and  distributing  the  results  of  the 
census,  the  purchase  of  necessary  paper  and 
other  supplies,  the  purchase,  rental,  exchange, 
construction  and  repair  of  mechanical  appli- 
ances, the  compensation  of  such  permanent  and 
temporary  clerks  as  may  be  employed  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act  and  the  act  establish- 
ing the  permanent  census  office  and  acts  amend- 
atory thereof  or  supplemental  thereto  and  all 
other  expenses  incurred  under  authority  con- 
veyed in  this  act. 

Sec.  28.  That  the  director  of  the  census  is 
hereby  authorized  to  make  requisition  upon 
the  public  printer  for  such  printing  as  may 
be  necessary  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  to  wit:  Blanks,  schedules,  circulars, 
pamphlets,  envelopes,  work  sheets  and  other 
items  of  miscellaneous  printing;  that  he  is  fur- 
ther authorized  to  have  printed  by  the  public 
printer,  in  such  editions  as  the  director  may 
deem  necessary,  preliminary  and  other  census 
bulletins  and  final  reports  of  the  results  of  the 
several  investigations  authorized  by  this  act  or 
by  the  act  to  establish  a  permanent  census 
office  and  acts  amendatory  thereof  or  supple- 
mental thereto  and  to  publish  and  distribute 
said  bulletins  and  reports. 

Sec.  29.  That  all  mail  matter,  of  whatever 
class  or  weight,  relating  to  the  census  and  ad- 
dressed to  the  census  office  or  to  any  official 
thereof  and  indorsed  "Official  business,  census 
office,"  shall  be  transmitted  free  of  postage  and 
by  registered  mail  if  necessary  and  so  marked: 
Provided,  That  if  any  person  shall  make  use  of 
such  indorsement  to  avoid  the  payment  of 
postage  or  registry  fee  on  his  or  her  private 
letter,  package  or  other  matter  in  the  mail,  the 
person  so  offending  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor and  subject  to  a  fine  of  $300.  to  be 
prosecuted  in  any  court  of  competent  jurisdic- 
tion. 

Sec.  30.  That  the  secretary  of  commerce, 
whenever  he  may  deem  it  advisable,  on  request 
of  the  director  of  the  census,  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  call  upon  any  other  department  or 
office  of  the  government  for  information  per- 
tinent to  the  work  herein  provided  for. 

Sec.  31.  That  there  shall  be  in  the  year 
1925  and  once  every  ten  years  thereafter,  a 
census  of  agriculture  and  live  stock,  which 
shall  show  the  acreage  of  farm  land,  the  acre- 
age of  the  principal  crops  and  the  number  and 
value  of  domestic  animals  on  the  farms  and 
ranges  of  the  country.  The  schedule  employed 
in  this  census  shall  be  prepared  by  the  director 
of  the  census.  Such  census  shall  be  taken  as 
of  the  first  day  of  January  and  shall  relate 
to  the  preceding  calendar  year.  The  director 
of  the  census  may  appoint  enumerators  or  spe- 
cial agents  f9r  the  purpose  of  this  census  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  perma- 
nent census  act. 

Sec.  32.  That  the  director  of  the  census  be. 
and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to 
collect  and  publish  for  the  years  1921.  1923. 
1925  and  1927.  and  for  every  tenth  year  after 
each  of  said  years,  statistics  of  the  products  of 
manufacturing  industries:  and  the  director  '.a 
hereby  authorized  to  prepare  such  schedules  as 
in  his  judgment  may  be  necessary. 

Sec.  33.  Tha*  the  director  of  the  census  be. 
and  he  is  hereby,  authorized,  at  his  discretion 
upon  the  written  request  of  the  governor  oi 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


105 


any  state  or  territory  or  of  a  court  of  record, 
to  furnish  such  governor  or  court  of  record 
with  certified  copies  of  so  much  of  the  pop- 
ulation or  agricultural  returns  as  may  he  re- 
quested, upon  the  payment  of  the  actual  cost 
of  making1  such  copies  and  $1  additional  for 
certification:  and  that  the  director  of  the  cen- 
sus is  further  authorized,  in  his  discretion,  to 
furnish  to  individuals  such  data  from  the  pop- 
ulation schedules  as  may  be  desired  for  Ken<.>a 
logical  or  other  proper  purposes,  upon  pay- 
ment of  the  actual  cost  of  searching-  the  rec- 
ords and  SI  for  supplying1  a  ce.tificatc;  and 
that  the  director  of  the  census  is  authorized 
to  furnish  transcripts  of  tables  and  other  rec- 
ords and  to  prepare  special  statistical  com 
pilations  for  state  or  local  officials,  private 
concerns  or  individuals  upon  the  payment  of 
the  actual  cost  of  such  work:  Provide],  how- 
ever. That  in  no  case  shall  information  fur- 
nished under  the  authority  of  this  act  be  used 
to  the  detriment  of  the  person  or  persons  to 
whom  such  information  relates.  All  moneys 
hereafter  received  by  the  bureau  of  the  census 
in  payment  for  labor  and  materials  used  in 
furnishing1  transcripts  of  census  records  or  spe- 
cial statistical  compilations  from  such  records 
shall  be  deposited  to  the  credit  oi  the  appro- 
priation for  collecting1  statistics. 

Sec.  34.  That  the  act  establishing  the  per- 
manent  census  office,  approved  March  6.  19U~. 
and  acts  amendatory  thereof  and  supplemental 
thereto,  except  as  herein  amended,  shall  remain 
in  full  force.  That  the  act  entitled  "An  act 
to  provide  for  the  thirteenth  and  subsequent 
decennial  censuses."  approved  July  2.  1909. 
and  acts  amendatory  thereof,  and  all  other 
laws  and  parts  of  laws  inconsistent  with  the 
provisions  of  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 
(Approved  March  3.  1919.) 

JUDICIAL   SALARIES. 

Section  2  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  cod- 
ify, revise  and  amend  the  laws  relating1  to  the 
judiciary."  approyed  March  3.  1911.  be.  and 
the  same  hereby  is.  amended  so  as  to  read  as 
follows : 

"Sec.  2.  Each  of  the  district  judges,  includ- 
ing1 the  judges  in  Porto  Rico,  Hawaii  and 
Alaska  exercising1  federal  jurisdiction,  shall 
receive  a  salary  of  87,600  a  year,  to  be  paid 
in  monthly  installments." 

Sec.  2.  That  section  118  of  the  act  aforesaid 
be.  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  to  read 
as  follows: 

"Sec.  118.  There  shall  be  in  the  second, 
seventh  and  eighth  circuits,  respectively,  four 
circuit  judges:  in  the  fourth  circuit,  two  cir- 
cuit judges,  and  in  each  of  the  other  circuits 
three  circuit  judges,  to  be  appointed  by  the 
president,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  senate.  All  circuit  judges  shall  receive 
a  salary  of  $8,500  a  year  each,  payable  month- 
ly. Each  circuit  judge  shall  reside  within 
hi§  circuit.  The  circuit  judges  in  each  circuit 
shall  be  judges  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  I 
in  that  circuit,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
each  circuit  judge  in  each  circuit  to  Bit  as 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Ap- 
peals in  that  circuit  from  time  to  time  accord- 
ing to  law:  Provided.  That  nothing  in  this 
section  shall  be  construed  to  prevent  any  cir- 
cuit judge  holding  District  court  or  otherwise. 
as  provided  for  and  authorized  m  other  sec- 
tions of  this  act." 

Sec.  3.  That  the  judges  of  the  Supreme 
court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  shall  rec-eive 
salaries  the  same  as  salaries  provided  by  this 
act  to  be  paid  to  judges  of  District  courts  of 
the  United  States,  and  such  salaries  shall 
be  paid  as  now  provided  by  law.  The  judges 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  shall  receive  salaries  the  same  as 
the  salaries  provided  by  this  act  to  be  paid 
to  judges  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  of 
the  United  States,  and  such  salaries  shall  be 
paid  aa  now  provided  by  law.  / 


Sec.  4.  That  section  136  of  the  act  afore- 
said be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  so 
aa  to  read  as  follows:  f 

"Sec.  136.  The  Court  of  Claims  established 
by  act  of  Feb.  24.  1855.  shall  be  continued. 
It  shall  consist  of  a  chief  justice  and  four 
judges,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  pres- 
ident by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  senate,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good 
behavior.  Each  of  them  shall  take  an  oath  to 
support  the  constitution  of  the  United  States 
and  to  discharge  faithfully  the  duties  of  hia 
officfc.  The  chief  justice  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  an  annual  salary  of  $8.000.  and  each 
of  the  other  judges  an  annual  salary  of 
$7,500.  payable  monthly  from  the  treasury." 
Sec.  5.  That  the  judges  of  the  United  State* 
Court  of  Customs  Appeal  shall  receive  salaries 
equal  in  amount  to  the  salaries  provided  by 
this  act  to  be  paid  judges  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  Appeals  of  the  United  States,  payable 
monthly  from  the  treasury. 

Sec.  6.  That  section  260  of  the  act  afore- 
said be.  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  so 
as  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec  260.  That  when  any  judge  ol  anv 
court  of  the  United  States,  appointed. to  hold 
his  office  during  good  behavior,  resigns  his 
office  after  having  held  a  commission  or  com- 
missions as  judge  of  any  such  court  or  courts 
at  least  ten  years  continuously,  and  having  at- 
tained the  age  of  70  years,  he  shall,  dvring  the 
residue  of  his  natural  life,  receive  the  salary 
which  is  payable  at  the  time  of  his  resiernri- 
tion  for  the  office  that  he  held  at  the  time  of  his 
resignation.  But.  instead  of  resigning,  any  judge 
oi  her  than  a  justice  of  the  Supreme  court, 
who  is  qualified  to  resign  under  the  foregoing 
provisions,  may  retire,  upon  the  salary  < 
which  he  is  then  in  receipt,  from  regular  active 
service  on  the  bench,  and  the  president 
shall  thereupon  be  authorized  to  appoint  a  suc- 
cessor; but  a  judge  so  retiring  may  never- 
theless be  called  upon  by  the  senior  circuit 
judge  of  that  circuit  and  be  by  him  authorized 
to  perform  such  judicial  duties  in  such  circuit 
aa  such  retired  judge  may  be  willing  to  under- 
take, or  he  may  be  called  upon  by  the  chief 
justice  and  be  by  him  authorized  to. perform 
such  judicial  duties  in  any  other  circuit  aa 
such  retired  judge  may  be  willing  to  under- 
take or  he  may  be  cared  upon  either  by  the 
presiding  judge  or  senior  judge  of  any  other 
such  court  and  be  by  him  authorized  to  per- 
form such  judicial  duties  in  such  court  aa 
such  retired  judge  may  be  willing  to  undertake 
"In  the  event  any  circuit  judge,  or  district 
judge,  having  so  held  a  commission  or  com- 
missions at  least  ten  years  continuously,  and 
having  attained  the  age  of  70  years  as  afore- 
said shall  nevertheless  remain  in  office,  and 
not  resign  or  retire  as  aforesaid,  the  president, 
if  he  finds  any  such  judge  is  unable  to  dis- 
charge efficiently  all  the  duties  of  his  office  by 
reason  of  mental  or  physical  disability  of  per- 
manent character,  may.  when  necessary  for  the 
efficient  dispatch  of  business,  appoint,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  an 
additional  circuit  judge  of  the  circuit  or  dis- . 
trict  judge  of  the  district  to  which  such  dis- 
abled judge  belongs.  -And  the  judge  so  retir- 
ing voluntarily,  or  whose  mental  or  physical 
condition  caused  the  president  to  appoint  an 
additional  judge,  shnll  be  held  nnd  treated  as 
if  junior  in  commission  to  the  remaining  judges 
of  said  court,  who  shall,  in  the  order  of  the 
seniority  of  their  respective  commissions,  exer- 
cise such  powers  and  perform  snch  duties  as 
by  law  may  be  incident  to  seniority.  In .  dis- 
tricts  where  there  may  be  more  than  one  district 
judge,  if  the  judges  or  a  majority  of  t^-m  can- 
not agree  upon  the  appointment  of  officials  of 
the  court  to  be  appointed  by  such  judges,  then 
the  senior  .judge  shall  have  the  power  to  make 
such  appointments. 

"Upon  the  death,  resignation  or  retirement 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


of  any  circuit  or  district  judg-e.  so  entitled  to 
resign,  following  the  appointment  of  any  addi- 
tional judg^  as  provided  in  this  section,  thi 
vacancy  caused  by  such  death,  resignation  or 
retirement  of  the  said  judge  so  entitled  to  re- 
sign shall  riot  be  filled." 

Sec.  7.  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  and  be 
in  force  on  pnd  after  the  first  day  of  the 
month  next  following  ita  approval.  (Approved, 

Feb.  25.  1919.)          

FEDERAL  RESERVE  ACT  AMENDED. 

That  that  part  of  the  first  paragraph  of  sec- 
tion 7  of  the  federal  reserve  act,  which  reads  as 
follows:  "After  the  aforesaid  dividend  claims 
have  been  fully  met.  all  tho  net  earnings  ahull 
be  paid  to  the  United  States  as  a  franchise  t"X 
except  that  one-half  of  such  net  earnings  shall 
be  paid  into  a  surplus  fund  until  it  shall 
amount  to  40  per  centum  of  the  paid-in  cap- 
ital stock  of  such  bank,"  be  amended  to  read 
as  follows: 

"After  the  aforesaid  dividend  claims  have 
been  fully  met,  the  net  earnings  shall  be  paid 
to  the  United  States  aa  a  franchise  tax  except 
that  the  whole  of  such  net  earnings,  including 
those  for  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1918. 
Bhall  be  paid  into  a  surplus  fund  until  it  shall 
amount  to  100  per  centum  of  the  subscribed 
capital  stock  of  such  bank,  and  that  there- 
"  after  10  per  centum  of  such  net  earnings  shall 
be  paid  into  the  surplus." 

Sec.  2.  That  that  part  of  section  10  of  the 
federal  reserve  act  whch  reads  as  follows:  "The 
members  of  said  board,  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  the  assistant  secretaries  of  the  treas- 
ury and  the  comptroller  of  the  currency,  shall 
be  ineligible  during  the  time  they  are  in  office 
and  for  two  years  thereafter  to  hold  any  office, 
position  or  employment  in  any  member  bank," 
be  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"The  secretary  of  the  treasury  and  the  comp- 
troller of  the  currency  shall  be  ineligible  dur- 
ing the  time  they  are  in  office  and  for  two 
years  thereafter  to  hold  any  office,  position  or 
employment  in  any  member  bank.  The  ap- 
pointive members  of  th>e  federal  reserve  board 
shall  be  ineligible  during-  the  time  they  are  in 
office  and  for  two  years  thereafter  to  hold  any 
office,  position  or  employment  in  any  member 
bank,  excepit  that  this  restriction  shall  not 
apply  to  a  member  who  has  served  the  full 
term  for  which  he  was  appointed." 

Sec.  3.  That  section  11  ol  the  federal  reserve 
act  as  amended  by  the  ac*  of  Sept.  7.  1916. 


be  further  amended  by  striking  out  the  whole 
of  subsection  (m)  and  by  substituting1  therefor 
a  subsection  to  read  as  follows: 

"  (m)  Upon  the  affirmative  vote  of  not  less 
than  five  of  its  members,  the  federal  reserve 
board  shall  have  power  to  permit  federal 
reserve  banks  to  discount  for  any  member 
bank  notes,  drafts  or  bills  of  exchange  bear- 
ing the  signature  or  indorsement  of  any  on* 
borrower  in  excess  of  the  amount  permitted  by 
section  9  and  section  13  of  this  act.  but  in  no 
case  to  exceed  20  per  centum  of  the  member 
bank's  capital  and  surplus:  Provid-d.  how- 
ever, that  all  such  notes,  drafts  or  bills  of  ex- 
change discounted  for  any  member  bank  in 
excess  of  the  amount  permitted  under  such 
sections  shall  be  secured  by  not  less  than  a 
like  face  amount  of  bonds  or  notes  of  the 
United  States  issued  since  April  2i.  1917.  or 
certificates  of  indebtedness  of  the  United 
States:  Provided  further,  that  the  provisions 
of  this  subsection  (m)  shall  not  be  operative 
after  Dec.  31.  1920." 

Sec.  4.  That  section  5172.  revised  statutes 
of  the  United  States,  be  amended  to  read  as 
follows : 

"Sec.  5172.  That  in  order  to  furnish  suit- 
able notes  for  circulation,  the  comptroller  of 
the  currency  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  cause  plates  and 
dies  to  be  engraved,  in  the  best  manner  to 
guard  against  counterfeiting  and  fraudulent 
alterations,  and  shall  have  printed  therefrom 
and  numbered  such  quantity  of  circulating 
notes  in  blank  or  bearing  engraved  signatures 
of  officers,  as  herein  provided,  of  the  denom- 
inations of  $1,  $2,  $5,  $10,  $20,  $50,  $100, 
$500  and  $1.000,  as  may  be  required  to  supply 
the  associations  entitled  to  receive  the  same. 
Such  notes  shall  express  upon  their  face  that 
they  are  secured  by  United  States  bond's  •de- 
posited with  the  treasurer  of  the  United 
States,  by  the  written  or  engraved  signatures 
of  the  treasurer  and  register,  and  by  the  im- 
print of  the  seal  of  the  treasury;  and  shall 
also  express  upon  their  face  the  promise  of 
the  association  receiving  the  same  to  pay  on 
demand,  attested  by  the  written  or  engraved 
signatures  of  the  president  or  vice-president 
and  cashier;  and  shall  benr  such  devices  and 
such  other  statements  and  shall  be  in  euch 
form  as  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  shall, 
by  regulation,  direct."  (Approved  March  3, 
1919.) 


FLAG    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

Executive   order  of  May   29.    1916. 


It  Is  hereby  ordered  that  national  flags  and 
union  jacks  for  all  departments  of  the  govern- 
ment, with  the  exception  noted  under  (a),  shall 
conform  to  the  following  proportions: 

Hoist    (width)    of  flng,   1. 

Fly    (length)    of    flag,    1.9. 

Hoist    (width)    of  union,   7-13. 

Fly    (length)    of  union   .78. 

Width   of   each    stripe,    1-13. 

(a).  Exception:  The  colors  carried  by  troops 
and  camp  colors  shall  be  the  sizes  prescribed  for 
the  military  service  (army  and  navy). 

Limitation  of  the  number  of  sizes:  With  the 
exception  of  colors  rnder  note  (a)  the  sizes  of 
flags  manufactured  or  purchased  for  the  govern- 
ment departments  will  be  limited  to  those  with 
the  following  hoists: 

(1),  20  feet;  (2),  19  feet  (standard):  (3). 
14.35  feet;  (4),  12.19  feet;  (5),  10  feet;  (6),  8.94 
feet;  (7),  5.14  feet;  (8),  5  feet;  (9),  3.52  feet; 
(10),  2.90  feet;  (11),  2.37  feet;  (12),  1.31  feet. 


Union  jacks:  The  size  of  the  jack  shall  be  the 
size  of  the  union  of  the  national  flag  with  which 
It  is  flown. 

The  national  flag  of  the  United  States  now 
consists  of  thirteen  alternate  red  and  white 
stripes,  representing  the  original  thirteen  states, 
and  a  blue  field  on  which  are  forty-eight  white 
stars  arranged  In  six  rows  of  eight  stars  each, 
representing  the  forty-eight  states  now  consti- 
tuting the  nnion.  The  last  two  stars  were 
added  In  1912  when  New  Mexico  and  Arizona 
were  officially  admitted  as  states. 

Laws  are  in  force  In  some  of  the  states  for- 
bidding the  desecration  or  mutilation  of  the  flag 
or  Its  use  in  any  way  for  advertising  purposes. 
A  federal  law  forbids  the  use  of  the  national 
flag  on  trade-marks. 

The  national  flag  was  officially  adopted  by 
congress  June  14,  1777.  Accordingly  June  14 
Is  now  generally  observed  as  Flag  day. 


The  largest  reflecting:  telescope  In  the  world 
Is  that,  at  the  Canadian  government  laboratory 
on  Little  Sanitch  hill,  six  miles  from  Victoria. 
B.  C..  the  oblective  having  a  measurement  of 
seventy-two  Inches.  The  largest  refracting  tele- 


LARGEST   TELESCOPES    IN  THE    WORLD. 


scope  is  that  at  the  Yerkes  observatory  at  Wil- 
liams Bay,  Wis.  It  has  an  object  glass  meas- 
uring forty  inches.  The  glass  for  the  Cana- 
dian teleseone  was  made  in  Belgium  and  pol- 
ished in  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 


ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1930. 


107 


FIRST  AERIAL  FLIGHT  ACROSS  THE     ATLANTIC. 


The  NC-4,  a  Curtiss  seaplane,  wag  the  first 
aircraft  to  cross  the  Atlantic  ocean  under  us 
own  power  all  the  way  and  the  credit  lor  this 
historic  event  belongs  to  the  United  States 
navy.  The  flight  was  made  in  May.  1919. 
under  varied  weather  conditions,  over  a  course 
beginning  at  Rockaway  beach.  Long1  Island, 
and  ending  at  Plymouth,  England,  the  ocean 
crossing  proper  being  from  Trepassey  bay. 
Newfoundland,  to  Lisbon.  Portugal,  by  way  of 
the  Azores.  Lieutenant-Commander  AlL-ert  C. 
Bead,  U.  S.  N.,  was  in  command  of  the  craft. 

Careful  plans  far  the  first  cross-ocean  flight 
were  made  by  the  navy  department.  Destroyers 
were  stationed  at  intervals  of  about  fiity  miles 
along  the  whole  route  to  assist  the  flyers  in 
keeping  their  course  and  to  come  to  their 
rescue  in  case  of  accident.  Ample  supplies 
of  gasoline  and  oil  were  provid-d  at  the  vari- 
ous terminals.  The  most  competent  and  ex- 
perienced men  available  were  selected  as  com- 
manders, pilots,  engineers  and  radio  operators 
and  arrangements  for  reliable  weather  reports 
were  made.  Nothing  was  left  undone  to-  make 
the  venture  a  success. 


veloped  in  one  of  the  four  engines  early  in  th» 
morning-  but  the  journey  was  continued  with, 
the  other  three  engines  until  2 :50  in  the  after- 
noon, when  another  motor  gave  out.  Then  th« 
plane  was  brought  to  tha  surface  of  the  water 
about  100  miles  northeast  of  Cap  Cod.  The 
radio  apparatus  was  also  out  of  order.  Th« 
sea  was  calm  and  the  plane  was  able  to  pro- 
ceed on  tha  water  to  Chatham,  M'ass..  where 
she  arrived  at  7  a.  m..  Friday  and  laid  up  for 
repairs. 

Ona  day  was  spent  by  the  NC-1  and  NC-3  in 
Halifax  and  then  on  Saturday  morning.  May 
10,  they  resumed  the  flight  with  Trepassey 
bay.  Newfoundland,  as  the  objective.  The  dis- 
tance to  be  covered  was  460  nautical  mile* 
(529  statute  miles).  The  NC-1  left  at  8:44, 
and  at  9:01  the  NC-3  was  under  way.  Lieu- 
tenant-Commander Bellinger  and  his  five  com- 
panions on  the  NC-1  came  through  without 
any  mishap,  arriving  at  Trepassey  bay  at  4 :14 
p.  m.,  and  making  a  perfect  "landing."  Tha 
time  of  the  fl.ght  was  6  hours  and  56  minute*. 
There  was  some  adverse  wind,  but  tha  aver- 
age speed  was  a  little  more  than  sixty-fiv* 


L.New   "iork   Herald   Service. .. 
LIEUTENANT-COMMANDER    A.    C.    BEAD    AND  THE  NC-4. 


Three  of  the  navy's  latest  seaplanes,  the 
NC-1,  NC-3  and  NC-4.  were  used  in  the  flight. 
The  NC-3  was  the  flagship  and  was  in  charge 
of  Commander  John  N.  Towers,  U.  S.  N, 
Lieutenant-Commander  Patrick  N.  Bellinger.  17. 
S.  N..  had  charge  of  the  NC-1  and  Lieutenant- 
Commander  Albert  Gushing  Read.  U.  S.  N..  of 
the  NC-4.  The  start  was  made  from  the  naval 
air  station  on  Rockaway  beach  opposite  Bar- 
ren island,  L.  I.,  at  9:59  o'clock  Thursday 
morning.  May  8.  the  fir=t  objective  being  Hali- 
fax. N.  S..  540  nautical  miles  (622  statute 
miles)  d;stant.  The  course  was  along  the 
south  shore  of  Long  island,  over  Monomy  point 
to  the  Massachusetts  coast,  along  that  coast 
as  far  as  Chatham,  thence  across  the  Bay  of 
Fundy  to  Yarmouth,  N.  S..  and  then  along  the 
Nova  Scotian  coast  to  Halifax.  The  NC-1  and 
the  NC-3  a  nved  at  Halifax  at  8  o'clock  in 
the  evening,  local  time,  or  7  o'clock  New  York 
time,  having  covered  the  540  nautical  miles 
in  nine  hours  flat.  The  weather  conditions 
were  perfect  until  Nova  Scotia  was  reached. 
Then  cross  winds  were  encountered,  but  no 
serious  delay  was  pxperienr>»d. 

Luck  was  not  with  the  NC-4  on  the  first  leg 
Of  the  flight.  Trouble  due  to  overheating  de- 


miles  an  hour.  The  NC-3  after  traveling  fifty 
miles  developed  a  defective  propeller  and  Corn- 
m?.nder  Towers  turned  back  to  get  a  new  one. 
The  hydroplane  reached  the  cruiser  Baltimoze, 
stationed  at  Halifax,  at  11  o'clock.  A  new 
propeller  was  fitted  on  in  place  of  the  central 
propeller,  which  was  shifted  to  the  starboard 
shaft,  where  the  trouble  had  occurred.  At 
12:40  the  plane  rose  from  the  water  and  after 
an  uneventful  flight  arrived  at  Trepassey  bay 
at  8  o'clock  in  the  evening. 

Several  days  were  passed  by  the  plane*  in 
Trepassey  bay  in  preparing  for  the  longest  ley 
of  the  flight — that  from  Newfoundland  to  the 
Azores,  a  diatanca  of  1,350  miles.  In  the 
meantime  the  NC-4  at  Chatham,  Mass..  had 
been  receiving  a  complete  overhauling  and  it 
wtas  Wednesday.  May  14.  before  the  flight  wa« 
rcsumrd  by  Lieutenant-Cornmanddr  Road  and 
his  crew.  On  that  day  at  9:16  a.  m.,  Chatham 
time,  it  set  out  for  Halifax.  3^0  miles  away, 
and  with  a  favoring  wind  arrived  there  at  2:11 
p.  m..  the  average  speed  be  ng  more  than 
eig-hty-flve  miles  an  hour.  On  the  following 
morning  a,t  10  :03.  local  time,  the  craft  started, 
but  owing  to  a  slight  engine  trouble  wa» 
forced  to  descend  and  return,  lor  repairs.  Tk««« 


108 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


were  speedily  effected  and  at  12:47  p.  m.  a 
fresh  start  was  made.  This  time  all  went  well 
and  Trepassey  bay  was  reached  at  6:41,  Hali- 

On  Friday  evening-.  May  16.  the  three  sea- 
planes lelt  Trepassey  bay  for  the  Azores  under 
g-ood  weather  conditions.  They  started  almost 
simultaneously,  the  NC-3  at  6:06  New  York 
time,  the  NC-4  at  6:07  and  the  NC-1  at  6:09. 
In  less  than  five  minutes  they  had  disappeared 
from  the  view  of  the  hundreds  of  watchers 
on  shore  and  were  flying  rapidly  in  a  south- 
easterly direction.  F.om  that  time  on  until 
near  the  close  of  the  flight  they  were  in  touch 
by  wireless  with  the  score  or  m9re  of  navy 
patrol  ships  stationed  at  regular  int2rvals  all 
the  way  from  Newfoundland  to  the  Azores. 
These  vessel.?  reported  to  shore  stations  and 
the  navy  department  in  Washing-ton  was  in 
touch  with  the  seaplanes  almost  the  whole 

Lieutenant-Commander  Bead's  NC-4!  which 
had  experienced  so  much  trouble  in  the  first 
part  of  the  journsy.  had  all  the  luck  in  this 
the  longest  jump  of  the  trip.  It  l;d  almost 
from  the  start  and  lost  sight  of  the  other 
planes  before  midnight.  The  first  part  of  the 
night  was  dark,  but  the  stars  could  be  seen 
end  the  various  destroyers  were  located  by 
star  shells  and  searchlights.  Badio  messages 
were  sent  and  received  without  trouble.  An 
altitude  of  between  800  and  1,800  feet  was 
maintained  and  though  considerable  "bumpy" 
air  was  encountered  the  conditions  were  gen- 
erally favorable  and  an  average  spe;d  of  ninety 
knots  an  haur  was  made  until  the  wind  be- 
came less  favorable.  The  moon  appeared  soon 
after  midnight,  making  things  look  brighter, 
and  at  5:45  (Greenwich  time)  dawn  cam?. 
The  men  did  not  sleep  at  all  during  the  night. 
but  remained  on  watoh  all  the  time.  They 
were  supplied  with  sandwiches,  chocolate  and 
candy  and  had  coffee  in  thermos  bottles.  At  8 
o'clock  fog  was  encountered  and  from  then 
on  the  plane  had  to  change  direction  and  alti- 
tude frequently  to  avoid  cloud  banks.  At 
11 :27  the  southern  end  of  Flores  island  was 
sighted  and  it  was  found  that  the  airship  was 
forty-five  miles  off  its  course.  At  1 :04  p.  m., 
the  northern  end  of  Fayal  island  was  sighted 
a.nd  at  1 :23  the  craft  alighted  near  the  cruiser 
Columbia  at  the  port  of  Horta.  Fayal.  It  had 
been  decided  to  make  for  Ponta  Delgada.  but 
the  fog  made  it  inadvisable  to  continue 
farther  than  Horta.  The  elapsed  time  was  15 
hours  18  minutes  and  the  average  speed  81.7 
knots. 

In  the  meantime  the  NC-1  and  the  NC-3  had 
not  been  equally  fortunate,  the  fog  bringing 
disaster  to  both.  On  the  NC-1.  commanded  by 
Lieutenant-Command  ar  Patrick  N.  Bellinger, 
everything  ran  smoothly  through  the  night 
and  the  early  morning  hours.  Then  about  the 
middle  of  the  forenoon  thick  fog  was  encoun- 
tered. For  a  time  the  plane  flew  above  the 
clouds,  tut  nothing  could  be  seen  below  and 
the  course  was  lost.  Commander  Bellinger  de- 
cided to  come  to  the  surface  of  the  water  and 
at  13:10  (9:10  a.  m.  New  York  time)  alighted. 
The  ocean  was  very  rough  and  it  seemed  for 
some  time  as  if  the  NC-1  would  go  down.  It 
was  badly  brttercd.  but  managed  to  keep 
afloat  until  ths  steamer  Ionia  came  up  at 
19:20  (3:20  New  York  time)  and  took  the 
imperiled  men  aboard  and  brought  them  to 
Horta.  The  destroyer  Fairfax  attempted  to 
salvage  the  NC-1.  but  the  heavy  seas  made 
towing  impossible  and  the  NC-1  finally  sank 
off  the  island  of  Corvo. 

Commander  Towers'  crew  in  the  flagship 
NC-3  had  an  even  more  thrilling  experience 
than  had  that  on  the  NC-1.  The  first  part 
of  the  fl  ght  was  similar  to  that  of  the  other?. 
Bain  squalls  and  rough  air  were  encountered 
and  after  flying  for  fifteen  and  a  half  hours 
the  commander  decided  to  come  down  to  the 
surface  of  the  water  to  get  a  sextant  observa- 
tion. It  was  discovered  too  late  that  the  seas 
were  running  s«  high  that  it  was  impossible 


to  take  the  air  again.  The  position  of  the 
plane  was  sixty  miles  southeast  of  the  patrol 
ships  and  abput  fiity  miles  south  of  the  island 
of  Corvo.  The  high  seas  damaged  the  plane 
seriously,  breaking  the  lower  left  wing,  the 
tail  and  the  lower  elevator.  The  port  pontoon 
was  carried  away  and  for  several  hours  the 
situation  was  very  gloomy  for  Towers  and  his 
men.  The  waves  ran  thirty  feet  high,  the 
wind  was  strong)  and  away  from  the  land  and 
the  water  was  nearly  two  feet  deep  in  the 
hull.  This  was  Sunday,  May  18.  The  strug- 
gle was  continued  throughout  that  day  and 
until  the  morning  of  the  19th.  when  cond  tiona 
were  a  little  better.  The  NC-3  managed  to 
progress  along  the  surface  and  at  10:21  land 
was  sighted.  It  proved  to  be  th3  island  of 
St.  Michael  (San  Miguel),  the  largest  of  the 
Azores,  on  which  Ponta  Delgada  is  situated. 
The  seaplane  proceeded  slowly  along  the  coast 
and  finally  was  seen  and  reported  to  the  world, 
which  had  become  anxious  as  to  the  fate  of 
Commander  Towers  and  his  men.  Seven  miles 
out  of  Ponta  Delgada  the  destroyer  Harding 
came  out  and  offered  assistance,  but  the  NC-4 
came  into  port  under  her  own  power.  The 
craft  was  too  badly  damaged  to  be  repaired 
and  was  dismantled. 

Both  the  NC-1  and  the  NC-3  being-  out  of 
the  running,  it  devolved  upon  the  NC-4  to 
win  the  race  alone.  It  left  Horta  at  12:40 
p.  m.,  Greenwich  time,  on  Tuesday.  May  20. 
and  arrived  at  Ponta  Delgada  at  1 :20  p.  m. 
Here  a  delay  occurred  on  account  of  some  re- 
pairs that  had  to  be  made,  but  chiefly  on  ac- 
count of  adverse  weather  conditions,  and  it 
was  not  until  Tuesday.  May  27.  that  the  flight 
was  resumed.  The  start  was  made  at  10:18 
a.  m..  and  at  4:02  p.  m..  the  NC-4  arrived  at 
the  harbor  of  Lisbon,  Portugal.  800  knots 
away,  and  came  to  a  stop  near  the  U.  S. 
cruiser  Boch:ster.  The  first  airplane  flight 
across  the  Atlantic  had  been  successfully  ac- 
complished. The  arrival  of  the  NC-4  at  Lisbon 
was  witnessed  by  thousands  of  people  and  was 
greeted  with  ringing  of  bells  and  blowing-  oi 
whistles  by  all  the  ships  in  the  harbor.  Lieu- 
tenant-Commander Be"d  and  his  companions 
received  hearty  congratulations  from  President 
Wilson.  Secretary  of  the  Navy  Daniels  and 
many  others. 

On  Friday.  May  30.  the  NC-4  left  Lisbon  for 
Plymouth.  England,  but  engine  trouble  devel- 
oped and  a  land  ng  had  to  be  made  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Mondego  river.  So  much  time 
was  lost  in  making  repairs  and  in  waiting  for 
high  tide  to  enable  the  craft  to  rise  from  the 
shallow  water  that  only  225  miles  more  could 
be  made  before  nightfall,  when  a  stop  was 
made  at  Ferrol.  Spain.  Leaving  Ferrol  at  6:40 
the  next  morning.  May  31.  the  NC-4  crossed 
the  bay  of  Biscay  and  following  the  French 
coast  crossed  the  channel  and  arrived  at  Ply- 
mouth at  2  :26  p.  m.  Here  the  aviators  were 
accorded  another  warm  greeting  by  British 
naval,  military  and  municipal  authorit'es  and 
representatives  of  the  royal  air  force.  After  a 
I  brief  rest  aboard  the  American  cruiser  Aroos- 
took,  which  had  come  to  meet  them.  Com- 
mander Bead  and  his  comrades  were  taken 
ashore,  where  they  were  officially  welcomed  by 
Mayor  Brown,  who  said: 

"It  is  with  profound  gratitude  that  I  here 
to-day  on  behalf  of  old  Plymouth,  from  which 
the  Mayflower  sailed  300  years  ago.  welcome 
you  after  your  tremendous  and  wonderful 
flight  over  the  waters  separating  us.  I  think 
I  can  speak  with  the  voice  of  England  in  ex- 
pressing great  admiration  for  your  achieve- 
ment and  in  welcoming  to  these  shores  our 
American  cousins.  Your  flight  to-day  brings 
our  two  great  countries  together  in  the  warm- 
est fellowship.  G-ntlemen.  I  salute  you  and 
welcome  you  to  England." 

At  the  mayor's  suggestion  the  crew  of  the 
NC-4  stood  with  him  on  the  M.ayflower  stone 
to  be  photographed.  On  the  following  day  the 
aviators  went  to  London,  where  at  the  Pad- 
dington  station  they  were,  met  and  cheered 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


109 


by  a  tremendous  crowd.  The  British 
royal  air  force  joined  with  American  naval 
men  in  London  to  welcome  Commander  Read 
and  his  men  and,  forming  a  procession,  took 
them  to  the  Aero  club  and  later  to  the  Hen- 
don  flying  field.  In  the  evening  they  were 
guests  of  the  royal  air  force  at  a  dinner. 
Juno  4  Commanders  Towers,  Read  and  Bel- 
linger were  received  by  President  Wilson  in 
Paris,  who  said  he  was  glad  to  shake  hands 
with  them  and  to  tell  them  that  he.  the  navy 
and  all  Americans  were  proud  of  them.  Re- 
turning to  London  on  June  5  the  American 
naval  aviators  were  the  guests  of  Maj.-Gen. 
Seely,  undersecretary  for  war,  at  a  luncheon 
in  the  house  of  commons.  The  prince  of 
Wales.  Lord  Birkenhead.  James  W.  Lowther. 


the  earl  of  Reading-.  Winston  Spencer  Churchill 
and    Field    Marshal    Sir    Douglas    Haig    were 
ent. 


_jiose  on  the  NC-4.  who  made  the  historic 
flight  across  the  Atlantic  were:  Lieutenant- 
C9mmander  Albert  Gushing1  Read,  commander; 
Lieut.  Walter  Hinton  and  Lieut.  Elmer  F. 
Stone,  pilots:  Ensign  Herbert  Charles  Rodd. 
radio  operator:  Lieut.  James  L.  Breese  and 
Chief  Special  Mecharuc  E.  C.  Rhodes,  engineers. 


Pilots    are   in    hull    just    forward   of    g-asoline 

Complete  sets  of  instruments  provided  for 
pilots,  including  one  compass  for  each  pilot. 

Navigating  station  is  in  front  end  of  boat  hull. 
Navigator  is  provided  with  chart  board, 
charts  and  ordinary  navigating1  instruments, 
including  compass  and  sextant. 

Complete  wireless  installation,  including  tele- 
graph and  telephone  and  wireless  direction  in- 
dicator, is  provided.  System  should  give  a 
radius  of  approximately  300  miles  while  in 
the  air  and  of  100  to  150  miles  while  on 

Electric  current  is  furnished  by  electric  genera- 
tor operated  by  a  wind-driven  propeller. 
Current  is  delivered  to  storage  batteries.  In 
addition  to  operating  wireless  set.  storage 
batteries  operate  complete  lighting  system  for 
interior  of  boat  and  for  wing  tip  and  tail 
lights  as  well  as  lights  for  night  landing. 

Wireless  operator  and  engineer  are  located  in 
main  after-compartment  just  aft  of  gasoline- 
tanks.  Each  is  provided  with  complete  in- 
strument board. 

Cruising  speed  of  boats,  about  72  miles  per 
hour. 


Record   of   Crossing. 
Course.  Date.         •Distance. 

Trepassey-Horta  May   16-17  1.200 

Horta-Fo-nta  Delgada   M.ay   20  150 

Ponta  Deigada-Liston  May    27  800 

Trepassey  to  Lisbon  2.150 

*  Nautical  miles,      t  Nautical   miles  per  hour. 


Time,  t  Speed. 
15:18  78.4 
1:45  86.7 
82.1 


9:44 
26: 


47        80.3. 


Facts  About  the  Seaplanes. 

Wing  span  from  tip  to  tip.  126  feet. 

Upper  wing  from  tip  to  tip.  114  feet. 

Aileron  projections  beyond  wing-  tips.  6  feet 
on  either  side. 

Lower  wing  span.   94  feet. 

Width  of  wings.  12  feet. 

Distance  between  wings.  14  feet  at  center  and 
12  feet  at  outer  tips  of  lower  wing-. 

Over-all  length  from  front  end  to  the  rear 
end.  68  feet  3%  inches. 

Length  of  hull,  44  feet  9  inches. 

Wing  area.  2.380  square  feet. 

Weight  of  flying  boat  (empty),  including- 
wireless  installation  and  all  navigating  in- 
struments. 15,100  pounds. 

Weight  full  load  flying  condition.  28.500 
pounds. 

Percentage  of  useful  load  to  total  load,  that  is. 
load  not  a  portion  of  structure  or  equip- 
ment, 47  per  cent. 

Weight  carried  per  square  foot  of  wing-  sur- 
face. 12  pounds. 

Estimated  speed  at  full  load.  79  nautical 
miles  per  hour. 

Estimated  speed  at  light  load,  84  nautical 
miles  per  hour. 

Horsepower  of   four  Liberty  engines.    1.600. 

Number  of  gasoline  tanks,  nine  in  hull,  one 
in  upper  wing-  above  boat  hull. 

Capacity  of  gasoline  tanks.  200  gallons  for 
each  hull  tank  and  90  g-allons  for  gravity 
feed  tank  in  upper  wing. 

Weight  of  gasoline  system.  6  pounds  per  gal- 
lon of  gasoline. 

Weight  of  engines,  825  pounds  each. 

Weight  of  boat  hull   (empty).  2,650  pounds. 

Area  of  ailerons,   265  square  feet. 

Area  of   stabilizers.   267.6  'square  feet. 

Area  of  elevators.  240.1  square  feet. 

Area  of  rudders,  69  square  feet. 

Displacement  of  wing-  tip  pontoons,  1,800 
pounds  each. 

Weight  of  wing-  tip  pontoons.  95  pounds  each. 

Gasoline  pumps  are  wind  driven  by  email 
wooden  propellers  and  are  in  duplicate;  an 
auxiliary  hand-operated  gusoline  pump  is 
provided. 

Flying  control  is  of  the  dual  control  Deper- 
dussin  system  with  sid>e-by-side  seating-. 


Gasoline  consumption  at  cruising  speed,  about 

650  pounds  average  per  hour. 
Total  gasoline  carried,  about  11,400  poundr- 
Cruising    radius    without    wind,    about    1,476 

nautical   miles. 

Lubricating  oil  capacity,   about  900  pounds. 
Crew  and  provisions,  about  1,000  ppunds. 
Crew,  five  men — two  pilots,  one  navigator,  one 

wireless  operator  and  one  engineer. 

HAWKER-GRIEVE  ATTEMPT. 

Harry  G.  Hawker.  Australian  aviation  pilot, 
and  Lieutenant-Commander  Mackenzie  Grieve, 
navigator,  left  the  east  coast  of  Newfoundland 
at  5:55  p.  m..  Greenwich  tima  (1:55  p.  m. 
New  York  time),  Saturday,  May  18,  1919.  in 
a  Sopwith  airplane  in  an  attempt  to  fly  across 
the  Atlantic  to  Ireland,  a  distance  of  approxi- 
mately 1,980  miles,  for  a  prize  of  $50.000 
offered  by  the  London  Daily  Mail.  With  favor- 
able weather  they  hoped  to  reach  the  other 
side  in  about  twenty  hours.  The  machine  they 
used  was  a  Sopwith  biplane  with  a  wing- 
spread  of  forty-six  feet  six  inches  and  a  length 
from  radiator  to  rudder  of  thirty-one  feet.  It 
was  provided  with  a  Rolls-Royce  engine  of  375 
horsepower  capable  of  turning  the  crankshaft 
1.800  times  per  minute  and  carried  340  gal- 
lons of  gasoline. 

Hawker  and  Grieve  arrived  at  St.  John's. 
N.  F..  March  30.  assembled  thair  machine  at 
M'ount  Pearl,  a  few  miles  outside  the  city,  and 
then  waited  for  favorable  weather.  This  was 
slow  in  coming,  for  when  conditions  were  good 
locally  they  were  otherwise  at  saa,  or  the 
reverse  was  the  case.  Even  when  the  start 
was  finally  made  the  reports  from  the  ocean 
were  not  .satisfactory,  but  Hawker  and  Grieve 
were  tired  of  waiting1  and  in  addition  they 
wanted  to  reach  England  before  the  American 
naval  flyers  could  do  so.  They  mad-3  a 
successful  start  and  disappeared  on  the  east- 
ern horizon.  From  Sunday.  May  18,  to 
Sunday,  May  25.  nothing  was  heard  of  the 
daring  aviators  and  they  were  griven  up  as 
lost.  Then  the  world  was  electrified  by  the 
announcement  that  they  had  been  picked  UP 
alive  and  well,  some  1.100  miles  out  from 
Newfoundland  and  780  miles  from  Ireland  by 
the  little  Danish  freight  steamer  Mary,  bound 


110 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAB-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


from  New  Orleans  and  Norfolk  for  Aarhuus, 
Denmark.  Having-  no  wireless  outfit  aboard, 
ths  captain  ol  the  Mary  could  not  inform  the 
world  ol  the  rescue  until  hie  ship  was  opposite 
the  Butt  of  Lewis,  in  the  Orkneys  north  of 
Scotland,  where  the  information  was  signaled 
to  the  shore  that  the  missing-  men  were 
aboard.  A  little  later  the  British  admiralty 
•ent  out  a  destroyer  which  landed  the  aviators 
at  Thurso,  Scotland.  May  26.  On  the  follow- 
ing1 day  they  arrived  in  London  and  were  re- 
ceived with  great  enthusiasm  and  shown  every 
honor.  They  were  taken  to  Buckingham 
palace,  where  "King  George  conferred  on  them 
the  insignia  of  the  air  force  cross.  At  a 
luncheon  given  in  their  honor  by  the  Daily 
Mail  in  London  May  28  Mr.  Hawker  made  a 
speech  in  the  course  of  which  he  referred  to 
the  feat  ol  the  American  naval  aviators  in 
a  manner  which  caused  some  resentment.  He 
afterward  joined  in  greeting1  the  Americans 
on  their  arrival  in  London  and  explained  that 
his  remarks  had  been  misunderstood.  This  re- 
stored goxxl  feeling1  and  closed  the  incident. 

In  telling  of  their  experiences  on  the  flight 
Hawker  and  Grieve  said  they  encountered  ioe 
immediately  aft°r  leaving  Newfoundland.  They 
rose  to  a  hedg-ht  of  about  15,000  feet,  but 


FIRST  CROSSING  OF  ATLANTIC  BY 
A  DIRIGIBLE. 

The  British  rigid  dirigible  balloon,  the  R-34. 
was  the  first  craft  of  its  kind  to  cross  the 
Atlantic  ocean.  It  started  from  East  Fortune. 
Scotland,  at  1 :48  a.  m..  July  2.  1919,  and 
moored  at  Roosevelt  field.  Mineola.  L.  I.,  at 
9:54  a.  m..  July  6.  The  distance  covered  was 
about  3.2OO  miles  and  the  time  consumed  was 
108  hours.  The  craft  carr.td  a  crew  of  31 
persons,  including1  a  stowaway.  The  return 
trip  was  begun  at  11 :55  p.  m.,  July  9.  and 
ended  at  Pulham.  England,  at  7:02  a.  m..  July 
13.  The  distance  traveled  on  the  eastward 
journey  was  about  3.000  miles  and  the  time 
consumed  79  hours.  The  faster  time  made 
was  due  to  better  weather  conditions. 

On  the  outward  journey  the  craft  had  a  fol- 
lowing wind  for  a  time  and  g-ood  progress  was 
made  over  Scotland  and  Ireland,  the  average 
altitude  maintained  being  1.200  feet.  After- 
ward to  avoid  clouds  the  R-34  ascended  to 
4.000  and  5,000  feet  altitude.  When  off  New- 
foundland an  area  of  depression  was  encoun- 
tered, with  adverse  winds,  necessitating-  the  use 
of  all  the  engines  and  cutting  into  the  reserve 
supply  of  petrol.  On  July  4,  at  12:50  p.  m.. 


[Copyright.   Western  Newspaper  Union.] 
THE  R-34.  THE  FIRST  DIRIGIBLE  BALLOON  TO  FLY  ACROSS  THE  ATLANTIC. 


even  here  they  encountered  a  heavy  storm  of 
wind  and  rain.  Alter  they  had  been  five  and 
a  half  hours  out  they  had  trouble  with  the 
water  circulation  system  for  cooling  the  engine 
and  they  were  compelled  to  fly  at  a  lower  alti- 
tude. This  improved  things  for  a  time,  but 
at  the  end  of  ten  and  a  half  hours  from  the 
start  the  trouble  increased  and  they  decided 
that  they  must  change  their  course  so  as  to 
get  above  the  main  shipping  route.  After 
flying  two  and  a  half  hours  longer  they  sighted 
the  Danish  steamer  and  came  to  the  surface 
of  the  sea.  This  was  rough  and  it  was  an 
hour  and  a  half  before  they  were  rescued. 
The  airplane  was  abandoned  where  it  alighted 
in  latitude  50:20.  longitude  29:30.  The  under- 
carriage had  been  dropped  soon  after  leaving 
Newfoundland  to  lessen  the  wind  pressure  on 
the  machine. 

When  Hawker  and  Grieve  started  on  their 
flight  another  team  of  British  airmen.  Capt. 
Frederick  P.  Raynham,  pilot,  and  Charles  W. 
F.  Morgan,  navigator,  attempted  to  follow 
their  example,  but  the  Martinsyde  machine 
upon  which  they  pinned  their  hopes  was 
overloaded  with  gasoline  and.  instead  of  ris- 
ing-, it  plunged  into  the  ground  and  was 
•wrroke<!.  Both  men  were  injured,  thougrh  not 
seriously. 


the  navigators  caught  their  first  sight  of  land 
far  ahead  and  Newfoundland  was  dimly  seen 
in  the  fog.  The  crossing  from  Scotland  to 
Newfoundland  through  fog-  and  squalls  had 
been  made  in  59  hours. 

When  Cape  Canso.  Nova  Scotia,  was  reached 
at  7  a.  m.,  July  5,  severe  head  winds  were 
encountered.  These  were  avoided  to  some 
extent  by  changing  the  course  and  better 
progress  was  made.  The  fuel  began  to  run 
low.  but  it  was  decided  to  continue  on  until 
the  destination  was  reached,  if  there  was  any 
chance  of  doing  so.  Good  fortune  and  the 
skill  of  the  navigators  triumphed  and  the 
voyage  wa>s  completed  without  mishap.  The 
first  passenger  to  land  was  Maj.  John  E.  M. 
Pritchard,  who  reached  the  ground  after  a 
parachute  jump  of  2.000  feet. 

The  officers  who  made  this  adventurous  first 
trip  in  a  dirigible  balloon  across  the  Atlantic 
were  Bng.-Gen.  E.  M.  Maitland.  senior  officer 
of  the  British  air  fleet,  who  traveled  as  an 
admiral  does  in  his  flagship:  Maj.  G.  H.  Scott, 
commanding  officer:  Capt.  G.  S.  Greenland, 
second  officer:  Lieut.  H.  F.  Luck,  third  officer; 
Lieut.  J.  D.  Shotter.  engineer  officer;  Lieut.  R. 
F.  Durrant.  wireless  officer:  Maj.  J.  E.  M. 
Pritchard.  Maj.  G.  G.  H.  Cook.  Capt.  Guy 
Harris,  weather  expert,  and  Lieutenant -Com- 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920 


111 


[Scientific  American.] 
ROUTE    OF    THE    E-34    FROM:    EUROPE    TO   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


mander  Zachary  Lansdowne,  of  the  United 
States  navy,  who  traveled  -a.e  a  passenger  and 
representative  of  America. 

Description   of   the    E-S4. 
Type,    rigid  dirigible. 
Length,  639  feet. 
Beam,  79. 
Height.  90  feet. 
Gondolas,  5. 

Motors.   5    (Sunbeam-Maori). 
Gas  capacity.  2.200.00O  cubic  feet. 
Lifting1  capacity,   30  ton». 
Petrol  carried,  4,000  g-allons. 
Oil  carried.   2,070  pounds. 
Sp«ed.  40  to  70  miles  per  hour. 
Radius  of  wireless,   1.500  miles. 
Cruising:  radius,  5,000  miles. 
Cost.   $2,500,000. 

FIRST  NONSTOP  FLIGHT  ACROSS  THE 
ATLANTIC. 

The  first  nonstop  airplane  flight  across  the 
Atlantic  ocean  was  mad^  on  June  14-15,  1919, 
by  the  British  aviators  Capt.  John  Alcock  and 
Lieut.  Arthur  Whitten  Brown,  in  a  Vickers- 
Vimy  biplane.  The  course  was  from  a  point 
near  St.  John's.  Newfoundland,  to  Cliidsn, 
Ireland,  a  distance  of  approximately  1,880 
miles.  The  coast  line  of  Newfoundland  was 
crossed  at  5:28  p.  m..  Saturday.  June  14,  and 
the  Irish  coast  line  at  9 :25  a.  m.  on  Sunday, 
June  15.  The  flight  from  coast  to  coast  thus 
took  15  hours  and  57  minutes.  The  great 
epeed  was  made  possible  by  a  favorable  wind 
all  the  way  across,  although  other  conditions 
were  extremely  unfavorable.  A  great  deal  of 
fogr  was  encountered,  tog-ether  with  gleet,  hail 
and  snow.  The  air  epeed  indicator  jammed 


through  sleet  freezing-  on  it.  In  telling-  of  his 
experiences  Capt.  Alcock  said: 

"After  the  firet  hour  of  the  flight  we  got 
into  clouds  and  mist.  We  weie  between  layers 
of  clouds  and  could  see  neither  sea  nor  sky. 
One  lot  of  clouds  was  2,000  feet  up  and  one 
6,000  feet.  It  was  impossible  to  get  our  drift. 
So  we  flew  on  our  original  course  until  3 
a.  m..  when  we  struck  a  patch  of  clear  sky 
and  Lieut.  Brown  got  the  position.  We  went 
on  steadily  until  the  weather  started  to  ret 
thick  again  about  4  or  5  a.  m.  We  could  see 
nothing-  and  the  bank  of  fog-  was  extremely 
thick.  When  the  speed  indicator  jammed  I 
did  not  know  exactly  what  I  was  doing-.  We 
did  some  comic  stunts  then.  I  believe,  we 
looped  the  loop  and  by  accident  we  did  a  steep 
spiral.  It  was  very  alarming-.  We  had  no 
sense  of  horizon.  We  came  down  quickly 
from  4,000  feet  until  we  saw  the  water  very 
near.  That  gave  me  my  horizon  again  and 
I  was  all  right. 

"The  airspeed  indicator  had  begun  to  work 
as  the  result  of  the  deep  dive.  We  climbed 
after  that  and  got  on  fairly  w.ll  until  we  got 
to  6,000  feet,  when  we  found  fog-  once  more. 
We  went  higher  and  saw  the  moon  and  one 
or  two  stare.  We  never  saw  the  sun  rise.  We 
climbed  up  to  ll.OOO  feet  and  encountered 
hail  and  snow.  The  machine  was  covered 
with  ice  and  it  remained  like  that  until  an 
hour  before  we  landed.  My  radiator  shutter 
and  Water  temperature  indicator  were-  covered 
with  ice  for  four  or  five  hours  and  Lieut. 
Brown  had  to  climb  up  continually  to  chip 
the  ice  off  with  a  knife.  It  was  a  terrible 
trip.  We  never  saw  a  boat  and  got  no  wire- 
less messages  at  all. 


SiiOWlNU    ROUTES    OF     THE     NC-4.    ALCOCK  AND  BROWN  AND  HAWKER 
AND  GRIEVE. 


112 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


-We  eaw  land  about  9:15  a.  m.  when  we 
suddenly  discovered  the  coast.  It  was  great 
to  do  that  and  we  were  very  much  pleased 
that  our  job  was  over.  We  saw  two  little 
islands  which  must  have  been  Eashal  and 
Turbot.  We  came  along-  and  got  to  Ardbear 
bay  and  when  we  saw  the  wireless  mast  we 
knew  exactly  where  we  were.  We  flew  along 
Sd  looked  for  a  place  to  land  We  passed 
over  Clifderv  village  and  saw  what  looked  like 
a  lovely  meadow,  but  on  landing-  we  found  it 
to  be,  a  bog  and  the  plane  was  badly  dam- 

Alcock   and  Lieut.   Brown   were  given 
$50.000)     prize    offered   by    the 
ay  London    for    the    first    trans- 

atlantic flight  and  received  the  congratulations 
of  King  ofoige  Lord  Northcliffe,  Hawker  and 
Grieve  Commander  Read  and  many  other 


the    £10.000     ( 
Daily    Mail    of 


tTwnfX'  the  Atlantic  wa* 
crossed  was  a  Vickers-Vimy  machine  with  two 
Rolls-Royce  350  horsepower  engines,  an  over- 
all length  of  42  feet  8  inches,  an  overall 
height  of  15  feet  3  inches  and  a  span  of  67 
feet  It  was  one  of  the  regular  standard  type 
of  British  bombing  planes  with  an  approxi. 


won  the  D    S.  C.  and  held  the  record  for  long 


.ved  at  the  Quidividi 
's    N.    P..    at    11:45 


LOSS  OF  U.  S.  DIRIGIBLE  C-5. 
The  United  States  navy  dirigible  C-5.  in 
command  of  Lieutenant -Commander  Emery  W. 
Coll.  left  Montauk  Point.  N.  3T.,  May  14. 
1919.  at  8  a.  m.,  and  arri 
anchorage  near  St.  John's 
a.  m.  the  next  day.  Late  in  the  afternoon 
of  the  same  day  it  was  torn  from  its  moor- 
ings with  no  one  aboard  and  blown  out  to 
soa.  It  was  not  recovered.  It  had  been  the  in- 
tention to  cross  the  Atlantic  either  by  way  of 
the  Azores  or  directly  to  the  British  isles 
and  the  plan  would  probably  have  been  car- 
ried out  but  for  the  accident. 


FIRST   CROSSINGS    OF    ATLANTIC    OCEAN. 
By    sailing   vessel— The    Santa  Maria.    Spanish, 

commanded  by  Christppher  Columbus.  Time. 

70  days.     (The  Atlantic  between  Norway  and 

Greenland  was  crossed  by  Norwegian  sailors 

before  the  year  1000.) 

By    steamship — The    Savannah,    American.    Sa- 
vannah   to   Liverpool,    May    24    to   June   20. 

1819.     Time.  25  days. 
By     hydroplane — The     NC-4.     American,     from 

Trepassey,    N.  F..   to  Lisbon.   Portugal.   May 

16-17.    1919.        Flying    time,    26    hours    47 

minutes. 
By     airplane — Vickers-Vimy     biplane.     British. 

from   St.   John's.    N.  F.,   to   Clifden.    Ireland. 

June     14-15.     1919.       Time.     15     hours     57 

minutes. 
By    rigid    dirigible— The    R-34.    British,     from. 

East     Fortune,     Scotland,     to     Long    Island. 

N.  Y.     Time.  108  hours. 


Sowei&oUandr  in"  1886."of  America^ 'pa^Jftl: 
In  the  war  he  was  an  observer  for  the  royal 
flying  corps  and  was  wounded  and  taken  pris- 
oner by  the  Germans. 

ATTEMPT   TO    ASSASSINATE    PREMIER     CLEMENCEAU 

One  of  the  sensations  of  the  peace  confer- 
ence-in  Paris  was  the  attempt  made  by  an  an- 
archist Emile  Cottin,  to  assassinate  Premier 
Georges  Clemenceau.  The  clearest  account  of 
the  crime  was  contained  in  the  charge  brought 
against  Cottin  in  the  trial  which  was  held  be- 
foYe  the  Third  Court-martial  on  March  14, 
1919.  The  accusation  was  as  follows: 

"On  Feb.  19  last  the  people  of  Paris  learned 
with  emotion  shared  by  France  and  the  whole 
world  that  an  abominable  outrage  had  been 
perpetrated  on  M..  Chmenceau.  About  8:45 
a.  m.  the  prime  minister  .left  his  home.  8 
Rue  Franklin,  for  the  ministry  of  war.  On 
the  box  by  the  chauffeur  was  the  staff  secre- 
tary. M.  Decaudin.  At  the  angle  of  the  Boule- 
vard Delesscrt.  a  short  distance  away,  the  ca-r 
veered  to  the  left.  At  that  moment  a  f  a  r 
young  man  of  middle  stature,  wearing  a  mack- 
intosh and  a  soft  felt  hat,  sprang  from  be- 
hind a  shelter  and  fired  a  revolver  of  large 
caliber  at  the  car. 

"The  first  bullet  pierced  both  the  windows 
and  hit  a  policeman  on  the  opposite  pavement. 
The  chauffeur  put  on  full  speed,  while  M. 
Decaudin  jumped  off  to  arrest  the  assassin. 
who  continued  to  run  alter  the  car,  firing  nine 
more  bullets  and  only  stopping  when  he  had 
emptied  the  revolver.  All  these  shots  struck 
the  car  the  first  three  slanting  and  the  rest 
in  the  rear.  The  third  bullet  hit  M.  Clemen- 
ceau piercing  his  overcoat  above  the  left 
shoulder,  but  it  got  no  farther  than  his  shirt. 
The  prime  minister  had  the  presence  of  mind 
to  crouch  down,  and  this  probably  saved  his 
life.  The  projectiles  were  deadened  by  having 
to  traverse  wood  and  upholstering,  and  were 
stopped  by  the  overcoat,  but  the  fourth— the 
one  that  wounded  M.  Clemenceau  —  was  fired 
slantwise  and  struck  him  in  the  shoulder. 


traveling     from 
shoulder-blade. 


left    to     right     towards     the 


The  assailant  -was  arrested  and  taken  to 
the  police  station,  whilst  the  car  returned 
with  M.  Clemenceau  <o  the  Rue  Franklin. 
Medical  aid  was  prompt,  but  it  was  impossi- 


ble to  diagnose  the  wound  until  it  had  been 
examined  radiographically.  This  was  done  on 
the  following  morn.ng.  and  it  was  found  that 
a  bullet  had  lodged  in  the  lung.  Thanks  to 
his  energy  and  robust  constitution,  M.  Clem- 
enceau recovered  Quickly,  and  a  week  later, 
on  Feb.  26,  took  his  first  drive;  and  the  next 
day  he  resumed  his  labors  at  the  ministry  of 
war  and  the  peace  conference. 

"On  being  examined,  the  assailant  gave  his 
name  as  Emile  Cottin,  born  at  Creil.  March 
14,  1896.  a  discharged  sokLer  and  a  carpenter 
by  trade.  He  is  a  militant  libertaire.  well- 
known  in  anarchist  circles  under  the  name  of 
Milou.  and  has  already  been  sentenced  three 
times  for  antimilitarism  and  for  inciting  sol- 
dier* to  disobedience.  He  at  once  admitted 
premeditation,  and  did  not  regret  his  crime. 
He  had  been  watching  the  Boulevard  Deles- 
sert  since  7  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  had 
in  his  pocket  a  clip  with  ten  bullets  and  also 
four  loose  bullets.  When  asked  for  his  mo- 
tives for  his  act,  he  replied  calmly  that  he 
was  an  individualist  anarchist,  and  had  re- 
solved to  suppress  M.  Clemenceau  as  injurious 
to  the  future  of  the  proletariat.  This  state- 
ment he  repeated  to  Capt.  Bouchardson.  the 
reporter  of  the  Third  Court-martial,  who  has 
had  the  case  in  hand,  and  who  has  taken  only 
a  fortnight  to  make  investigations  with  re- 
gard to  piossible  accomplices  and  the  sanity 
of  Cottin,  and  to  examine  witnesses." 

The  proceedings  before  the  court-martial 
were  brief,  as  the  defendant  admitted  that  he 
had  tried  to  kill  the  premier.  He  said  he  was 
an  antimilitarist,  an  antipatriot  and  aga'nst 
all  constituted  authority.  He  gloried  in  the 
deed  he  had  done  and  declared  that  he  fa- 
vored bolshevism.  Capt.  Mornet,  the  prose- 
cutor, asked  for  the  death  penalty  on  the 
ground  that  there  had  been  premeditation  and 
no  mitigating  circumstances.  By  a  unani- 
mous vote  the  members  of  the  court  sentenced 
Cottin  to  death. 

On  April  8  President  Poincare,  on  the  rec- 
ommendation of  'M.  Clemenceau,  commuted  the 
sent  nee  to  ten  years'  imprisonment. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


113 


THE    SHERMAN    ANTITRUST    LAW. 

Passed  by  the  51st  congress  and  approved  July  2.  1890. 


Section  1.  Every  contract,  combination  in 
the  form  of  trust  or  otherwise  or  conspiracy 
in  restraint  of  trade  or  commerce  among-  the 
several  states  or  with  foreign  nations  is  hereby 
declared  to  be  illegal.  Every  person  who  shall 
make  any  such  contract  or  engage  in  any  such 
combination  or  conspiracy  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  punished  by  fine  not  exceeding 
$5,000  or  by  imprisonment  not  exceeding  one 
year,  or  by  both  said  punishments,  in  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  court. 

Sec.  2.  Every  person  who  shall  monopolize 
or  attempt  to  monopolize  or  combine  or  con- 
spire with  any  person  or  persons  to  monopo- 
lize any  part  of  the  trade  or  commerce  among 
the  several  states  or  with  foreign  nations  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  oil 
conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  fine 
not  exceeding  $5,000  or  by  imprisonment  not 
exceeding  one  year,  or  by  both  said  punish- 
ments, in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  3.  Every  contract,  combination  in  form 
of  trust  or  otherwise  or  conspiracy  in  restraint 
of  trade  or  commerce  in  any  territory  of  the 
United  States  or  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
or  in  restraint  of  trade  or  commerce  between 
any  such  territory  and  another,  or  between 
any  such  territory  or  territories  and  any  state 
or  states  or  the  District  of  Columbia  or  with 
foreign  nations,  or  between  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  any  state  or  states  or  foreign, 
nations,  is  hereby  declared  illegal.  Every  per- 
son who  shall  make  any  such  contract  or  en- 
gage in  any  such  combination  or  conspiracy 
shall  be  deemed  g-uilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  fine 
not  exceeding  $5,000  or  by  imprisonment  not 
exceeding-  one  year,  or  by  both  said  punish- 
ments, in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  4.  The  several  Circuit  court-  of  the 
United  States  are  hereby  invested  with  juris- 
diction to  prevent  or  restrain  violations  of  this 
act;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  reveral 
district  attorneys  of  the  United  States,  in 
their  respective  districts,  under  the  direction 
of  the  attorney -general,  to  institute  proceedings 
in  equity  to  prevent  and  restrain  such  viola- 
tions. Such  proceedings  may  be  by  way  of 
petition  setting  forth  the  case  and  praying-  that 
such  violation  shall  be  enjoined  or  otherwise 
prohibited.  When  the  parties  com  lained  of 
shall  have  been  duly  notified  of  such  petition 
the  court  shall  proceed  as  soon  as  may  be  to 
the  hearing  and  determination  of  the  case; 
and  pending  such  petition  and  before  final  de- 
cree the  court  may  at  any  time  mako  such 
temporary  restraining  order  or  prohibition  as 
shall  be  deemed  just  in  the  premises. 

Sec.  5.  Whenever  it  shall  appear  to  the  court 
before  which  any  proceeding  under  section  4 
of  this  act  may  be  pending  that  (the  ends  of 
justice  require  that  other  parties  should  be 
brought  before  the  court,  the  court  may  cause 
them  to  be  summoned,  whether  they  reside  in 
the  district  in  whi^'i  the  court  is  held  or 
not:  and  subpoenas  to  that  end  may  be  served 
in  any  district  by  the  marshal  thereof. 

Sec.  6.  Any  property  owned  under  any  con- 
tract or  by  any  combination  or  pursuant  to 
any  conspiracy  (and  being  the  subject  thereof) 
mentioned  in  section  1  of  this  act  and  being  in 
the  course  of  transportation  from  one  state  to 
another  or  to  a  foreign  country  shall  be  for- 
feited to  the  United  -States  and  may  be  seized 
and  condemned  by  like  proceedings  as  those 
provided  by  law  for  the  forfeiture,  seizure  and 
condemnation  of  property  imported  into  the 
United  States  contrary  to  law. 

Sec.  7.  Any  person  who  shall  be  injured  in 
his  business  or  property  by  any  other  person 
or  corporation  by  reason  of  anything  forbid- 
den or  declared  unlawful  by  this  act  may  sue 
therefor  in  any  Circuit  court  of  the  United  I  for  national  purposes." 


States  in  the  district  in  which  the  defendant 
resides  or  is  found,  without  respect  to  the 
amount  in  controversy,  and  shall  recover  three- 
fold the  damages  by  him  sustained  and  the 
cost  of  suit,  including  a  reasonable  attorney's 
fee. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  word  "person"  or  "per- 
sons" wherever  used  in  this  act  be  deemed  to 
include  corporations  and  associations  existing- 
under  or  authorized  by  the  laws  of  either  the 
United  States,  the  laws  of  any  of  the  terri- 
tories, the  laws  of  any  state  or  the  laws  of 
any  foreign  country. 

THE  MONROE  AND  DRAGO  DOCTRINES. 

The  "Monroe  Doctrine"  was  enunciated  by 
President  Monroe  in  his  message  to  congress 
Dec.  2.  1823.  Referring-  to  steps  taken  to  ar- 
range the  respective  rights  of  Russia,  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States  on  the  north- 
west coast  of  this  continent,  the  president  went 
on  to  say: 

"In  the  discussions  to  which  this  interest  has 
given  rise,  and  in  the  arrangements  by  which 
they  may  terminate,  the  occasion  has  been 
deemed  proper  for  asserting-,  as  a  principle  in 
which  the  rights  and  interests  of  the  United 
States  are  involved,  that  the  American  conti- 
nents, by  the  free  and  independent  condition 
which  they  have  assumed  and  maintained,  are 
henceforth  not  to  be  considered  as  subjects  for 
future  colonization  by  any  European  power. 
*  *  *  We  owe  it.  therefore,  to  candor  and 
to  the  amicable  relations  existing-  between  the 
United  States  and  those  powers  to  declare  that 
we  should  consider  any  attempt  on  their  part 
to  extend  their  system  to  any  portion  of  this 
hemisphere  as  dangerous  to  our  peace  and 
safety.  With  the  existing-  colonies  or  depend- 
encies of  any  European  power  we  have  not 
interfered  and  shall  not  interfere.  But  with 
the  g-overnments  who  have  declared  their  in- 
dependence and  maintain  it,  and  whose  inde- 
pendence we  have,  on  great  consideration  and 
on  just  principles,  acknowledged,  we  could  not 
view  any  interposition  for  the  purpose  of  op- 
pressing- them  or  controlling  in  any  other  man- 
ner their  destiny  by  any  European  power  in 
any  other  light  than  as  the  manifestation  of 
an  unfriendly  disposition  toward  the  United 

DRAGO  DOCTRINE. 

When  in  the  winter  of  1902-03  Germany. 
Britain  and  Italy  blockaded  the  ports  of  Ven- 
ezuela in  attempt  to  make  the  latter  country 
settle  up  its  debts  Dr.  L.  F.  Drago,  a  noted 
jurist  of  Argentina,  maintained  that  force  can- 
not be  used  by  one  power  to  collect  money 
owing  to  its  citizens  by  another  power.  Prom- 
inence was  given  to  the  contention  by  the  fact 
that  it  was  officially  upheld  by  Argentina  and 
favored  by  other  South  American  republics. 
The  principle  embodied  has  become  generally 
known  as  the  "Drago  doctrine." 

LODGE   RESOLUTION. 

In  connection  with  the  reported  attempt  of» 
Japan  to  obtain  land  for  the  establishment  of 
a  naval  base  in  Magdalena  bay,  on  the  west- 
ern coast  of  Mexico,  the  senate  of  the  United 
States  adopted  the  following-  resolution  Aug. 
2.  1912: 

"Resolved.  That  when  any  harbor  or  other 
place  in  the  American  continents  is  so  situ- 
ated that  the  occupation  thereof  for  naval  or 
military  purposes  might  threaten  the  com- 
munications or  the  safety  of  the  United  States, 
the  government  of  the  United  States  could  not 
see  without  grave  concern  the  possession  oi 
such  harbor  or  other  place  by  any  corppration. 
or  association  which  has  such  relation  to 
another  government,  not  American,  as  to  give 
that  government  practical  power  of  control 


114 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  TOR   1920. 


DEATH    OF    ANDREW    CARNEGIE. 


Andrew  Carnegie,  multimillionaire  and  phi- 
lanthropist, died  at  his  summer  home.  Shadow 
Brook,  at  New  Lenox.  Mass.,  at  7:10  o'clock 
on  the  morning  of  Monday.  Aug.  11.  1919. 
after  an  illness  of  three  days  from  bronchial 
pneumonia.  He  was  born  on  Nov.  25.  1835, 
at  Dunfermline,  Scotland,  and  was  therefore 
at  the  time  of  his  death  in  his  84th  year.  Mr. 
Carnegie  came  with  his  father  to  America  in 
1846  and  gradually  worked  his  way  up  from 
bobbin  boy  in  a  Pittsburgh  linen  mill  to  a 
steel  manufacturer  possessing  the  second  larg- 
est fortune  in  America  and  one  of  the  largest 
in  the  world.  Before  going  into  the  steel  busi- 
ness he  was  a  telegraph  operator,  manufac- 
turer of  sleeping-  cars  and  an  investor  in  oil 
properties.  Becoming  interested  in  building 
iron  bridges,  he  united  with  Henry  Phipps  and 
Thomas  Miller  in  making  structural  iron.  In 
1868  he  introduced  the  Bessemer  steel  process 
in  the  United  Slates  and  this  led  to  his  estab- 
lishing, in  partnership  with  others,  seven  large 
steel  plants  in  Pittsburgh  and  vicinity,  these 
being  subsequently  incorporated  into  the  Car- 
negie Steel  company.  In  1901  he  sold  out  to 
the  United  States  Steel  company,  the  corn- 
bitted  plants  bringing  $420,000.000.  His  per- 
sonal fortune  at  that  time  was  estimated  at 
nearly  $500.000.000  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  it  was  estimated  that  the  fortune  still 
stood  at  about  that  figure  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  up  to  June  1.  1918.  he  had  given  away 
or  made  grants  amounting  to  nearly  $350.- 
700.000. 

According  to  a  statement  issued  by  the  Car- 
negie Endowment  for  International  Peace  the 
arilts  and  grants  by  Andrew  Carnegie  and  the 
Carnegie  Corporation  of  New  Yorls  up  to  June 
1.  1918.  aggregated  $350.695.360.  The  bulk 
of  the  amount,  or  $288,743.360,  represented 
gifts  within  the  United  States.  No  gifts  and 
donations  made  since  June  1.  1918.  were  em- 
braced in  the  computation,  but  it  was  explained 


960.364.808 


20,363.010 

6.248.309 

125.000.000 


29.250.000 


26,719,380 
22.300,000 
10.540,000 

10,000.000 

10.000.000 

10.000.000 

4.000.000 

8.750.000 

2,025.000 

1,500.000 


1,000.000 


Free  public  library  buildings 
[2.811J  

Colleges- 
Library  buildings.  $4.065, 699.27 
Other    buildings...   4,672.186.92 

Endowment    9,977.588.92 

Other    purposes...    1.647.535.00 
Total  colleges   

Church   organs    [7.689] 

Carnegie  Corp.  of  New  York 

Carnegie  Foundation  for  Advance- 
ment of  Teaching-  [including1 
$1.000.000  to  Teachers'  Insur- 
ance and  Annuity  association]  . 

Carnegie  institute  [including  $13,- 
£ 31. 431  Carnegie  Inst.  of  Tech- 
nology]   

Carnegie    Inst..    of    Washington... 

Carnegie   hero    funds 

Carnegie  endowment  for  interna- 
tional peace  

Scottish    univereit'es*    trust 

United  Kingdom  trust 

Steel    workers'    pensions 

Dunfermline    trust    

Church  Peace  union 

Hague   Peace   palace 

Endowments  for  institutes  at 
Braddock,  Pa.:  Homestead.  Pa.: 
and  Duquesne.  Pa 


Int'l    Bureau     of    Amer.    Bepub- 

lies    [Pan.-Am-r.  bldg.]  .........          $850.000 

Engineers'  btJlding   ..............  500.000 

King-   Edward's  hosp.  fund  ........  500,000 

Church  'Pension  fund  ..............  324,744 

Simplified  spelling-  boaxds  .........  280.000 

Central  American  Peace  palace 

Lcourt   of   justice]  ..............  200.000 

Study    of    methods    of    American- 

ization    ........................  190,000 

Koch  institute,  Berlin  .............  120,000 

New  York  Zoological  society  .....  118.000 

New  York  Aesociat-om  for  the 

Blind    ...........................  114,000 

American    Library    association  ----  100,000 

St.  Andrew's  society  ..............  100,000 

Iron  and  Steel  Inst..  London  ......  89.000 

Pittsburgh    Kingsley    House    aeso- 

cdation     ........................  79.000 

Northampton.    Mass..    Home   Cul- 

ture  club    ......................  77.000 

Foreign     students'     friendly    rela- 

tionf*  committee    ...............  70.000 

Sorbonne   [Mine.  Cure  fund]  .....  250.000 

Scots'   Charitable   society.   Boston, 

Mass  ...........................  30.000 

War  grants— 

Red  Cross  ............  $1.500.000 

32      cantonment      li- 
brary  bldVs  ........       320,000 

Knights  of  Columbus      250.000 

Y.  M.   C.  A  .........  :.       250.000 

National   Research 

Council    .............       150.000 

Nan  Security  league)      150.000 

*•    vv<rV>   A----^  ......       J-UU.ouu 

War  Camp  Com- 

Vrn^inlt?'  -i  .......  J'"i        °Q.QQO 

National   Bo  a  rd   of 

M£i\oa11   Examiners.         22.500 
,,.       Total    warr  ^rant8  .    •  •  vy  •  •        2.792.500 
Miscellaneous      [compr.sing     Na- 

t"«al    Civic   federation     Bureau 


1,050.900 


ity  Organization  society.  Ora- 
torio society.  Boy  Scouts  of 
America.  Harwick  mine  disaster 
relief  fund,  etc.J  ................. 


Grand  total    350.695,653 

Of  the  above  total  $288.743.360  constitute 
gifts  within  the  United  States. 

Of  the  total  amount  $49.818.450  had  beem 
appropriated  from  the  revenue  of  Carnegie 
Corporation  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Carnegie  was  survived  by  his  wife,  born 
Louise  Whitfield:  his  daughter  Margaret,  wife 
of  Ensign  Roswcll  Miller;  three  nephews, 
Andrew.  Morris  and  William  C.  Carnegie  of 
New  York,  •ind  a  niece.  Mrs.  Ricketson  of 
Boston.  The  funeral  took  place-  at  Shadow 
Brook,  the  summer  home  in  which  he  died, 
and  the  burial  at  Sleepy  Hollow  cemetery. 
Tarrylown.  N.  Y. 

Because  not  only  of  his  philanthropic  activ- 
ity but  on  account  of  his  literary  efforts  Mr. 
Carnegie  was  honored  with  degrees  by  insti- 
tutions of  learning  and  was  decorated  by 
France  and  Holland.  Besides  a  number  of 
magazine  articles  Mr.  Carnegi*  wrote  sevem 
books:  "An  American  Four-in-Hand  in  Great 
Britain"  (1883).  "Around  the  World"  (1884). 
"Triumphant  Democracy"  and  "The  Gospel  of 
Wealth."  "The  Empire  of  Business."  "The  Life 
of  James  Watt."  and  "Problems  of  To-day." 


CROPS  ON  IRRIGATED  FARMS. 


Tear.  Acres.      Value.* 

1910 475.000  $12.500000 

1911 560.000    13.000.000 

1912 645.000    14,500.000 

1913 700.000    16.000.000 

»* Value  of  crops. 


Year.  Acres.  Value.* 

1914 770.000  $16.500000 

1915 857.000  19.000.000 

1916 1.010.000  35.000.000 

1917 1.030,000  67,000,000 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


US 


Theodore    Roosevelt,    twenty-sixth    president 
of    the   United    States,    died    at    his   home    on 
Sagamore    Hill.    Oyster    Bay     NY      at    4:15 
o'clock  on  the  moraine  of  Jan.  6.  1919. 
end   came   while   he   was   asleep    and   was   due 


DEATH    OF    THEODORE    ROOSEVELT. 


.  suffering  from  an 

attack  of  inflammatory  rheumatism  for  about 


eood    .Pirit,    and 


4am.  his  man.   who   occupied  an 

room    noticed  that,  while  sleeping  quietly.  Col. 

Roosevelt's     breathing     was     becoming:     very 


ied  almost  instantly,  without  awaken- 
inff  from  what  seemed  to  be  a  natural  sleep. 
T&  cause  of  his  dea^h  -as^embolus. 

"DR."  JOHN'  H.  RICHARDS. 
"DR.   JOHN  F.  HART  WELL." 

Of  Dutch  ancestry,  Theodore  Roosevelt  was 
born  in  New  York  city  Oct.  27,  1858,  eon  of 
Theodore  and  Martha  Bulloch  Roosevelt.  He 
was  graduated  from  Harvard  university  in 
SSo  and  in  1882.  1883  and  1884  was  elected 
to  the  New  York  legislature.  After  this  he 
spent  some  time  in  North  Dakota  on  his 
ranches,  dividing  his  time  between  hunting  and 
literary  work.  President  Harrison  in  1889  ap- 
pointed him  a  United  States  civil  service  com- 
missioner, an  office  which  he  held  until  he 
became  police  commissioner  in  New  York  city 
in  1895.  President  McKmley  in  1897  made 
him  assistant  secretary  of  the  navy.  In  the 
Spanish-American  war  he  was  lieuten.nt- 
colonel  of  the  Rough  Riders'  regiment,  of 
which  Leonard  Wood  was  colonel 

From  Jan.  1,  1899,  to  Dec.  31,  1900.  he 
was  governor  of  New  Y.rk.  In  November, 
1900  he  was  elected  to  the  Vice-presidency 
of  the  United  States,  and  on  the  death  of 
William  McKinley,  Sept.  14.  1901.  succeeded 
him  as  president.  On  Nov.  8  1904  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  United  States  by  a 
popular  vote  amounting  to  56.41  per  cent  o. 
the  total—  the  largest  ever  received  by  any 
candidate  for  the  office.  For  his  efforts  in 
bringing  about  peace  between  Russia  and 
jipanhe  was  awarded  the  ITobel  peace  prize 
in  1906.  In  1912  he  was  tb  j  candidate  of 
the  progressive  party  for  another  term  as 
president,  but  was  defeated.  Though  nomi- 
nated by  the  same  party  for  the  presidency  in 
1916  he  declined  and  supported  Charles  E. 

In  1909-1910  he  made  a  hunting  trip  to 
Africa,  and  in  1914  went  on  an  exploring 
expedition  in  the  interior  of  Brazil,  in  the 
course  of  which  he  discovered  a  new  tribu- 
tary of  the  Madeira  river,  the  stream  being 
subsequently  named  "Rio  Teodore"  by  the 
Brazilian  government  in  his  honor.  Col. 
Roosevelt  wrote  many  books  and  magazine 
articles  dealing  chiefly  with  natural  history, 
biography  and  politics.  The  Roosevelt  family 
belonged  to  the  Dutch  Reformed  church,  but 
he  was  also  an  attendant  at  Episcopal  serv- 
ices. At  Oy.ster  Bay  he  and  his  family  at- 
tended Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 
the  pastor  of  which,  the  Rev.  George  E.  Tal- 
mage.  conducted  the  funeral  services  on  Jan. 
8.  These  were  of  an  extremely  simple  char- 
acter. in  accordance  with  his  own  and  Mrs. 
Roosevelt's  wishes.  He  was  buried  in  Youngs 
Memorial  cemetery  on  a  knoll  overlooking 
Oyster  Bay  cove. 

Theodore  Roosevplt  was  survived  by  his 
•wife,  formerly  Edith  Kermit  Carow:  his 
daughter  by  his  first  wife,  Mrs.  Alice  Long- 


worth;  his  daughter,  Mfs.  Ethel  Derby,  and 
three  sons.  Theodore,  Kermit  and  Archibald. 
His  youngest  son,  Quentin.  was  killed  while 
serving  as  an  aviator  in  France,  July  14,  1918. 

Messages  of  sympathy  and  condplence  were 
received  by  Mrs.  Roosevelt  from  distinguished 
men  and  women  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
President  Wilson,  who  was  in  Paris  in  connec- 
tion with  the  peace  conference,  cabled  a  per- 
sonal dispatch  to  Mrs.  Roosevelt,  and  als« 
caused  the  following  proclamation  to  be  is- 
sued by  the  state  department  in  Washington, 
D.  C.: 

"Woodrow  Wilson,  president  of  the  United 
States  of  America. 

"A  proclamation  to  the  people  of  the  United 
States: 

"It  becomes  my  sad  duty  to  announce  offi- 
cially the  death  of  Theodore  Roosevelt,  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  from  Sept.  14,  1901. 
to  March  4,  1909.  which  occurred  at  his  home 
at  Sagamore  Hill.  Oyster  Bay,  N.  Y.,  at  4:15 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  Jan.  6,  1919. 

"In  his  death  the  United  States  has  lost  on« 
of  its  most  distinguished  and  patriotic  citizens, 
who  had  endeared  himself  to  the  people  by 
his  strenuous  devotion  to  their  interests  and 
to  the  public  interests  of  his  country. 

"As  president  of  the  police  board  of  his 
native  city,  as  member  of  the  legislature  and 
governor  of  his  state,  as  civil  service  commis- 
sioner, as  assistant  secretary  of  the  navy,  as 
vice-president  and  as  president  of  the  United 
States,  he  displayed  administrative  powers  of 
a  signal  order  and  conducted  the  affairs  of 
these  various  offices  with  a  concentration  of 
effort  and  a  watchful  care  which  permitted  n« 
divergence  from  the  line  of  duty  he  had  defi- 
nitely set  for  himself. 

"In  the  war  with  Spain  he  displayed  singu- 
lar initiative  and  energy  and  distinguished 
himself  among  the  commanders  of  the  army 
in  the  field.  As  president  he  awoke  the  na- 
tion to  the  dangers  of  private  control  which, 
lurked  in  our  financial  and  industrial  systems. 
It  was  by  thus  arresting  the  attention  and 
stimulating  the  purpose  of  the  country  that 
he  opened  the  way  for  subsequent  necessary 
and  beneficent  reforms. 

"His  private  life  was  characterized  by  a 
simplicity,  a  virtue  and  an  affection  worthy  of 
all  admiration  and  emulation  by  the  people 
of  America. 

"In  testimony  of  the  respect  in  which  hi» 
memory  is  held  by  the  government  and  people 
of  the  United  States.  I  do  hereby  direct  that 
the  flags  of  the  white  house  and  the  several 
departmental  buildings  be  displayed  at  half 
staff  for  a  period  of  thirty  days,  and  that 
suitable  military  and  naval  honors,  under  or- 
ders of  the  secretaries  of  war  and  navy,  be 
rendered  on  the  day  of  the  funeral. 

"Done  this  7th  day  of  January,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  1919.  and  of  the  independence  of 
the  United  States  of  America  the  143d. 

"By  the  president:       WOODROW  WILSON. 

"Frank  L.  Polk,   Acting-  Secretary  of  State." 

CAPITAL,    PUNISHMENT    EN    THE    UNITED 

STATES. 

Capital  punishment  prevails  in  all  of  the 
states  of  the  union  except  Arizona.  Kansas. 
Maine,  Minnesota.  North  Dakota.  Oregon, 
Rhode  Island.  Washington  and  Wisconsin.  Im 
Michigan  the  only  crime  punishable  by  death 
is  treason.  The  death  penalty  was  abolished 
in  the  state  of  Washington  in  1913.  It  was 
abolished  in  Iowa  in  1872  and  restored  in 
1878.  It  was  also  abolished  in  Colorado  in 
1897.  but  was  restored  in  1901.  Hanging  is 
the  ordinary  mode  of  execution,  but  in  Arkan- 
sas. Indiana,  Massachusetts,  New  York.  Ne- 
braska. Ohio,  Pennsylvania.  Vermont.  Virginia 
and  Oklahoma  electrocution  is  the  legal 
method.  In  Nevada  hanging  or  rhooting  is 
optional  with  the  condemned. 


116 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


THE  PANAMA  CANAL. 


CANAL  STATISTICS   (OFFICIAL) . 
Length   from  deep   water  to  deep   water— 50.5 

miles. 

Length,  on  land— 40.5  miles. 
Length  at  summit  level — 31. 7  miles. 
Bottom    width    of    channel — Maximum,     1,000 

feet;  minimum   (in  Gaillard  cut),  300  feet. 
Depth — Minimum.   41   feet;   maximum  45  feet. 
Summit  level — 85  feet  above  mean  tide. 
Locks  in  pairs— 12. 
Locks,   usable  length— 1.000  feet. 
Locks,  usable  width— 110  feet. 
Gatun  lake,  area— 164  square  miles. 
Gatun  lake  channel,  depth — 85  to  45  feet. 
Concrete  required — 5.000,000   cubic  yards. 
Time  of  transit  through  canal — 10  to  12  hours. 
Time  of  passage  through  locks— 3  hours. 
Length     of    relocated    Panama     railroad — 46.2 

miles. 

Canal  Zone  area— About   448  square  miles. 
Canal    Zone    area— owned    by    United    States— 

About   322    square  miles. 
French  buildings  acquired — 2,150. 
French  buildings  used — 1.537. 
Value  of   utilized   French  equipment — $1,000.- 

000. 
Cubic    yards    excavated    by    French— 108,046,- 

960. 
Cubdc    yards    excavated    by    Americans — 250.- 

000.000. 

Canal  force,  average  at  work— About  39.000. 
Approximate     cost      of      construction  —  $375,- 

000,000. 

PANAMA   CANAL  OFFICIALS. 
Governor— Col.   Chester  Harding.  U.  S.  A. 
Executive   Secretary — C.   A.   Mcllvaine. 
Chief   Division   of  Civil  Affairs— Crede   H.  Cal- 

houn. 

Chief    Division    of    Police    and    Fire — Guy    Jo- 
hannes. 

District  Attorney— Albert  C.  Hindman. 
Department    Headquarters  —   Balboa    Heights. 

Canal  Zone. 
Engineer    of    Maintenance  —  Lieut.-Col.     J.    J. 

Morrow.  U.  S.  A. 
Electrical   Engineer— W.    L.   Hersh. 
Marine  Superintendent — Commander  Leonard  R. 

Sargent.  U.  S.  N. 
Superintendent    Division    of    Dredging— Joel   M. 

Pratt. 
Resident    Engineer    Building  ^Division — 'Hartley 

Rowe. 

Chief   Quartermaster— R.  K.  Morris. 
Auditor— H.   A.   A.    Sm  th. 

Chief  Health  Officer— Col.  H.  C.  Fisher,  U..S.  A. 
Chief    Quarantine    Officer — Dr.    S.    B.    Grubbs. 

U.  S.  P.  H.  S. 

Washington  Office. 
General  Purchasing1  Officer  and  Chief  of  Office 

—A.  L.  Flint. 
Assistant   to   Chief   of   Office— Ray  L.   Smith. 

Courts. 

District  Judge — John  W.   Hanan. 
Clerks— E.  L.  Goolsley  and  W.  B.  Cheatham. 

CHRONOLOGY. 

First  exploration  of  route  1527. 
Advocated  by  Humboldt   1803. 
Panama  railroad  built   1850-1855. 
Panama  canal  company  iormed  by  De  Lesseps 


1879. 


Work  on  canal  begun  Feb.  24.  1881. 

Canal   company    failed   Dec.    11.    1888. 

De  Lesseps  and  others  sentenced  to  prison  for 
fraud  Feb.  9.  1893. 

New  French  canal  company  formed  October. 
1894. 

De  Lesseps  died  Dec.  7.  1894. 

Hay-Pauncefote  treaty  superseding  the*  Clay- 
ton-Bulwer  treaty  signed  Nov.  18,  1901:  rat- 
ified by  senate  Dec.  16;  ratified  by  Great 
Britain  Jan.  20.  1902. 

Canal  property  offered  to  the  United  States  for 
$40,000,000  Jan.  9.  1902;  accepted  Feb.  16. 
1903. 

Bill  authorizing  construction  of  canal  passed 
by  house  of  representatives  Jan.  9.  1902; 
passed  by  senate  June  19.  1902;  approved 
June  28.  1902. 

Canal  treaty  with  Colombia  signed  Jan.  22. 
1903;  ratified  by  senate  March  17.  1903:  re- 
jected by  Colombia  Aug.  12,  1903. 

Revolution  in  Panama  Nov.  3,  1903. 

Canal  treaty  with  Panama  negotiated  Nov.  18. 
1903;  ratified  by  republic  of  Panama  Dec.  2. 
1903;  ratified  by  the  United  States  senate 
Feb.  23.  1904. 

Canal  commissioners  appointed  Feb.  29.  1904. 

Papers  transferring  canal  to  the  United  States 
signed  in  Paris  April  22,  1904. 

Bill  for  government  of  Canal  Zone  passed  by 
the  senate  April  15,  1904;  passed  by  house 
April  21;  approved  Apr.1  26. 

Canal  property  at  Panama  formally  turned  over 
to  the  United  States  commissioners  May  4. 
1904. 

Work  begun  by  Americans  May  4,   1904. 

President  outlines  rules  for  the  government  of 
the  Canal  Zone  and  war  department  takes 
charge  of  the  work  on  May  9.  1904. 

Gen.  George  W.  Davis  appointed  first  governor 
of  Canal  Zone  May  9.  1904. 

John  F.  Wallace  appointed  chief  engineer  May 
10,  1904;  resigned  June  29,  1905. 

Republic  of  Panama  paid  $10,000,000  May  21. 
1904. 

First  payment  on  $40,000.000  to  French  com- 
pany made  May  24.  1904. 

Lorin  C.  Coll.ns  appointed  Supreme  court 
judge  for  Canal  Zone  June  17.  1905. 

New  commission  with  Theodore  P.  Shonts  as 
chairman  named  April  3.  1905;  Shouts  re- 
signed March  4,  1907. 

John  F.  Stevens  appointed  chief  engineer  June 
29.  1905:  resigned  Feb.  26.  1907. 

Lieut.-Col.  George  W.  Goethals  appointed  chief 
engineer  Feb.  26.  1907. 

Gatun  dam  finished  June  14,  1913. 

Dry  excavation  completed  Sept.  10,   1913. 

First  vessel  lifted  through  Gatun  locks  Sept. 
26.  1913. 

Gamboa  dike  blown  up  Oct.   10.   1913. 

First  vessels  pass  through  Miraflores  locks 
Oct.  14.  (1913. 

Permanent  organization  of  canal  administra- 
tion in  effect  April  1,  1914;  Col.  George  W. 
Goethals  first  governor;  existence  of  isth- 
mian canal  commission  ended. 

First  freight  barges  go  through  canal  from 
ocean  to  ocean  May  14.  1914. 

First  steamship  (the  Cristobal)  passes  through 
canal  Aug.  13,  1914. 

Canal  opened  for  general  traffic  Aug.  15.  3914. 

Canal   blocked   by   slides.    September.    1915.    to 


April.  1916. 
TRAFFIC   STATISTICS. 
Traffic   through   the   canal   from  its   openingto  July  1.  1919: 


Tear. 
1914     . 

Atlantic 
Vessels. 
...     181 

2  to  Pacific. 
Cargo,  tons. 
744,682 
2,128,996 
2,124,918 
3,162,398 
2.198,196 
1.691.664 

Pacific 
Vessels. 
176 
588 
626 
1,100 
1.250 
556 

to    Atlantic. 
Cargo,  tons. 
1.009.252 
2,837.564 
2,806.993 
4.380.098 
4,935,525 
1,842.685 

,  Totals  , 
Vessels,     Cargo,  tons. 
357            1,753,934 
1.171            4,966.560 
1.253           4.931.9U1 
2.048            7.542.496 
2,099            7,133,721 
1,042           3.534.349 

1915     . 

583 

1916 

6°7 

1917 

948 

1918     
1919     

849 
486 

Total    3,674       12,050.854         4,296         17,812,117         7.970         29.862.971 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


117 


REVENUES  AND   EXPENSES. 
Year  Revenue.  Expenses. 

1914-15    $4.358,00'2.37     $4. 289. 159.00  j 

1916 2. 558. 54'2. 38       6.999.750.15 

1917  ..  5,808.398.70       6.788.047.60 

1918   6,601.275.92       5.903.719.69 

Note— The    revenues    include    tolls,    licenses. 

fees,  fine^.  etc..  and  services  to  outsiders;  the 
expenses  are  for  operation  and  maintenance 
and  overhead  charges. 

LABOR  FORCE. 

May  21.  1919,  the  actual  working  force  on 
the  canal  was  20.182.  of  whom  16.903  were 
silver  and  3.279  gold  employes,  the  latter  be- 
ing: almost  exclusively  whute  Americans. 

CANAL  ZONE. 

The  Canal  Zone  contains  about  448  sauare 
miles  and  in  June.  1918.  had  a  total  popula- 


tion of  21.707.  It  begins  at  a  point  three 
marine  miles  from  mean  low  water  mark  in 
each  ocean  and  extends  ior  five  miles  on  each 
side  oi  the  center  line  of  the  route  of  the 
canal.  It  includes  the  group  of  islands  in  the 
Bay  of  Panama,  named  Perico.  Naos,  Culebra 
and  Flamenco.  The  dues  of  Panama  and 
Colon  are  excluded  from  the  zone,  but  the 
United  States  has  the  right  to  enforce  sani- 
tary ordinances  and  maintain  public  order 
there  in  case  the  republic  of  Panama  should 
not  be  able  to  do  so. 

PANAMA  RAILROAD. 

The  Panama  railroad  and  the  steamships 
run  in  connection  with  it  between  New  York 
and  Colon  are  owned  and  orperated  by  the 
United  States  government.  The  road  prac- 
tically parallels  the  canal  nearly  the  whole 
distance.  It  is  46%  miles  long1  and  runs 
between  the  cities  of  Colon  and  Panama. 


SAULT    STE.    MARIE    CANAL    TRAFFIC. 


Year. 

1910. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917.. 

1918. 

The 


SUMMARY  BY  YEARS. 
Freight 


Tons.  Value.  Charges. 

..62,363,218  $654,010,844  $38,710.904 
.53,477.216  595,019,844  29,492,196 
.72,472,676  791,357,837  40.578.225 
.79.718,344  865,957.838  44.380,865 
.55,369,939  634.800.268  27.597.099 
.71,290.304  882,263.141  41.984,031 
.91.888.219  974,161,156  60,845,023 
.89.813.-898  1.196.922.183  89.277.226 

,.85,680,327  987.005,347  83,507.638 
SUEZ  CANAL  TRAFFIC. 

total  receipts  of  transit  tonnage  tolls  of 


the  Suez  canal  in  1913  amounted  to  $23.443.- 
643,  a  decrease  of  $1,886,189  as  compared 
with  1912.  The  decrease  was  owing  to  the 
reduction  of  the  toll  rate  which  went  into  ef- 
fect Jan.  1,  1913.  The  total  toll-paying  ton- 
nage for  1913  was  19,165,000  tons,  or  456,- 
000  tons  in  excess  of  that  for  1912. 

In  1913  the  total  number  of  vessels  passing 
through  the  Suez  canal  was  5.085  as  against 
5,373  in  1912.  The  average  time  of  vessels 

foing  through  the  canal  in  1913  was  16  hours 
9  minutes.     Freight  traffic  was  greatly  d^min- 
ished  by   the  war  in   Europe,   and  no  detailed 
statistics  have  been  published  since   1913. 


GREAT  SHIP  CANALS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


Canal. 

Opened, 

Length, 
miles. 

Depth.     Width.* 
feet.          feet. 

Cost. 

Cape  Cod  

191?' 

8 

150        S 

.12,000.000 

Corinth     (Greece) 

1893 

4 

26.25 

72 

5,000.000 

Kronst  adt-Petrograd 

(  Russi 

a)  

1890 

16 

20.50 

220 

10,000,000 

Elbe  and  Trave    (Ge 

rmany) 

1900 

41 

10 

72 

5,831.000 

Kaiser  Wilhelm  or  K 

:iel   (Gei 

•many)  t 

1895 

61 

45 

150 

94,818,000 

Manchester  ship    (Ei 

ngland) 

1894 

35.5 

26 

120 

75,000,000 

Panama    (U.    S.) 

1914 

50.5 

45 

300        £ 

175,000,000 

Sault  Ste.  Marie   (U. 

S.). 

1855 

1.6 

22 

100 

10,000,000 

Sault  Ste.  Marie    (Ci 

inada)  . 

1895 

1.11 

20.25 

142 

2.791.873 

Suez    (Egypt)  
Welland    (Canada)  .  . 

1869 
1887 

90 

26.75 

31 
14 

108        lOOiOOO.OOO 
100          25.000.000 

*At   the  bottom.     tRebuilt. 

ACCIDENTS 

ON    STEAM    RAILROADS. 

[From 

reports  of 

interstate  commerce  commission.] 

Em1 

ployes. 

Passe 

ngrers. 

Other 

persons. 

1 

otal. 

Year  ended  June  30. 

Killed. 

Injured. 

Killed. 

Injured. 

Killed. 

Injured. 

Killed. 

Injured. 

1892  

0  554 

28.267 

376 

3.227 

4.217 

5.158 

7.147 

36.652 

1893  

2.727 

31.729 

299 

3.229 

4.320 

5.435 

7.346 

40,393 

1894  

1.823 

23.422 

324 

3.034 

4.300 

5.433 

6.447 

31.889 

1895  

1.811 

25.696 

170 

2,375 

4.165 

5.677 

6,136 

33.748 

1896  

1.861 

29.969 

181 

2.873 

4,406 

5.845 

6,448 

38.687 

1897  

1.693 

27.667 

222 

2.795 

4.522 

6.269 

6.437 

36.731 

1898... 

1.958 

31.761 

221 

2.945 

4.680 

6,176 

6.859 

40.882 

1899... 

2.210 

34.923 

239 

3.442 

4.674 

6.255 

7.123 

44.620 

1900  

2.550 

39.643 

249 

4.128 

5.066 

6.549 

7.865 

50.320 

1901... 

2.675 

41.142 

282 

4.988 

5.498 

7.209 

8,455 

53.339 

1902.  .. 

2.969 

50.524 

345 

6.683 

5.274 

7.455 

8.588 

64.662 

1903  

3.606 

60.481 

355 

8.231 

5.879 

7.841 

9.840 

76.553 

1904... 

3  632 

67.067 

441 

9.111 

5.973 

7.977 

10.046 

84.155 

1905... 

3.361 

66.833 

537 

10.457 

5.805 

8.718 

9.703 

86.008 

1906  
1907... 

3.929 
4.534 

76.701 
87.644 

359 
610 

10.764 
13,041 

6.330 
6,695 

10.241 
10,331 

10,618 
11.839 

97.706 
111,016 

1908... 

3.405 

82.487 

381 

11.556 

6,402 

10.187 

10.188 

104.230 

1909  

2.610 

75.006 

253 

10.311 

5.859 

10.309 

8,722 

95.626 

1910... 

3.382 

95.671 

324 

12.451 

6.976 

11.385 

9,682 

119,507 

1911... 

3.602 

126.039 

356 

13.433 

6,438 

10.687 

10,396 

150.159 

1912  

3.635 

142.442 

318 

16.386 

6.632 

10.710 

10,585 

169.538 

1913... 

3.715 

171.417 

403 

16.539 

6.846 

12.352 

10.964 

200.308 

1914... 

3.259 

165.212 

265 

15.121 

6.778 

12,329 

10.302 

192.662 

1915         

2,152 

138.092 

222 

12.110 

6.247 

11.838 

8.621 

162.040 

1916  

2.687 

160.663 

283 

8.379 

6,394 

11.333 

9.364 

180.375 

1916*  

2.941 

176.923 

291 

8.008 

6.769 

11.791 

10.001 

196.722 

1917*  

2.781 

176.61S 

343 

8.374 

6,963 

9.816 

10.087 

194.805 

•Year  ended  Dec. 

31. 

118 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


WEATHER    FORECASTS    AND     SIGNALS. 


'The  operations  of  the  weather  bureau  oi  the 
department  of  agriculture  are  based  on  ob- 
servations of  the  weather  taken  at  about  200 
observatories  throughout  the  United  States  at 
the  same  moment  of  time  and  telegraphed 
daily  to  Washing-ton,  D.  C.,  and  to  other  im- 
portant cities.  These  observations,  comprising 
barometric  pressure,  temperature,  precipita- 
tion, winds  and  clouds,  are  entered  upon  out- 
line charts  of  the  United  States  by  means  of 
symbols,  forming1  the  "daily  weather  map." 
from  which  the  forecasts  are  made.  These 
forecasts  are  issued  every  day  for  every  state 
in  the  union,  and  whenever  necessary  special 
warnings  are  sent  out  of  storms,  frosts,  cold 
waves,  heavy  snows  and  floods.  In  addition 


to  the  main  office  in  Washington,  there  are 
subordinate  forecast  centers  in  Chicago,  New 
Orleans,  Denver,  San  Francisco  and  Portland, 
Ore.  Weather  forecasts  for  a  week  in  advance 
are  now  sent  out  from  Washington. 

The  forecasts  are  first  telegraphed  to  about 
2,300  principal  distributing  points,  whence 
they  are  further  disseminated  by  telegraph, 
telephone  and  through  the  mail  by  means  of 
forecast  cards,  rural  free  delivery  slips  and 
newspapers. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  total  number  of 
persons  in  the  United  States  to  whom  the 
weather  forecasts  are  available  is  more  than 
4,000,000. 


No.  1. 
White  flag1. 


Clear  or 
fair  weather. 


No.  2. 
Blue  flaff. 


BLUE 


Bain  or  snow. 


No.  3. 

White  and  blue 
flag. 


No.  4.  No.  5. 

Black  trian- White  flag  with  black 
gular  flag.       square  in  center. 


Local  rain  or 

snow. 
WEATHEB    FLAGS. 


Temperature. 


Cold  ware. 


When  No.  4  is  placed  above  No.  1,  2  or  3 
it  indicates  warmer:  when  below,  colder;  when 
not  displayed,  the  temperature  is  expected  to 


remain  about  stationary.  During  the  lat« 
spring  and  early  fall  the  cold-wave  flag1  is 
used  to  indicate  anticipated  frosts. 


Small  craft. Northwest  winds.South  west  winds.Northeast-winds.Southeast  winds. "Hurricane"  signal 
STOBM-WABNING    FLAGS. 


Small  craft  warning— A  red  pennant  indi- 
cates that  moderately  strong  winds  are  ex- 

6Storm  warnings— A  red  flag  with  a  black 
center  indicates  that  a  storm  of  marked  vio- 
lence is  expected.  The  pennants  displayed  with 
the  flags  indicate  the  direction  of  the  wind: 
Red,  easterly;  white,  westerly  (from  south- 
west to  north).  The  pennant  above  the  flag 
indicates  that  the  wind  is  expected  to  blow 
from  the  northerly  quadrants;  below,  from 
southerly  quadrants. 


By  night  a  red  light  indicates  easterly  winds 
and  a  white  light  above  a  red  light  westerly 
winds. 

Two  red  flags,  with  black  centers,  displayed 
one  above  the  other,  indicate  the  expected 
approach  of  tropical  hurricanes,  and  also  of 
those  extremely  severe  and  dangerous  storms 
which  occasionally  move  across  the  lakes  and 
northern  Atlantic  coast.  Hurricane  warnings 
are  not  displayed  at  night. 


FAST    RAILROAD    BUNS. 


Eastbound  express  train  No.  4.  of  the  New 
York  Central,  on  Sunday,  May  14,  being  more 
than  an  hour  behind  time,  traversed  the  divi- 
sion from  Elkhart,  Ind.,  to  Toledo.  O..  133.01 
miles  in  1  hour  54  minutes,  or  at  the  rate 
of  70  miles  an  hour.  From  Millersburg,  Ind., 
eighteen  miles  east  of  Elkhart,  to  Nasty  tower, 
about  four  miles  short  of  Toledo,  a  distance  of 
111.31  miles,  the  time  was  1  hour  27  min- 
utes, equal  to  76.76  miles  an  hour. 

The  train  cons  sted  of  seven  steel  cars,  weigh- 
ing about  940.900  Ibs. 

Equally  good  time  was  made  over  this  divi- 
sion westbound,  by  th?  Twentieth  Centuiy  lim- 
ited on  May  25,  1903,  but  that  train  had 
only  four  cars.  On  June  8,  1905,  a  train  of 
the  Pennsylvania  lines,  western  division.  No. 
18  eastbound.  socond  section,  three  cars,  was 
run  fifty  m  Ics  at  79  miles  an  hour:  100  miles 
at  77  2  miles  an  hour;  and  200  miles,  includ- 


ing two  stops,  at  71.3  miles  an  hour.  On 
Oct.  24  of  the  same  year,  a  Pennsylvania  spe- 
cial train  of  four  cars,  westbound,  weighing 
260  tons,  was  .run  from  Crestline,  O..  to  Clarke 
Junction,  Ind..  257.4  miles,  at  74.55  miles  an 
hour.  In  this  run  a  distance  of  131  miles  was 
covered  at  77.81  miles  an  hour. 


RACES    OF    THE    WORLD. 

The  six  great  races  of  mankind  according  to 
Whitaker's  Almanack  are  divided  as  follows: 

Race.  Number. 

Mongolian    655.000,000 

Caucasian    .  645.000.000 

Negro  100.000,000 

Semitic'  '  81,000,000 

MaffiraV  .. 52.000.000 

Red   Indian 23.000.000 

Total   1,646,000.000 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Coin. 
Archefri    (g-old).... 
Arg-entina   (grold)  .  . 
Balboa   (grold) 

A 

C 

.Per 
.Art 
Pat 
.Vei 
Bol 

APPROXIMATE    VALUE 

U.S. 
ountry.            equivalent, 
sia    $.095 
-entine  Republic.    4.820 
lama                             1  000 

OF    FOREIGN    COINS. 

U.S. 
Coin.                              Country.            eauivalcnU 
Libra    (grold)  Peru    $4.866 
Lira    (silver)  Italy    193 

Lira    (g-old)                  Turkey                             4  400 

Bolivar   (silver)  
Boliviano    (silver)  . 

lezuela   193 

ivia    .                                    389 

Mark    (grold)  Finland  193 
Medjidie    (g-old)          Turkey                                880 

Cash    (copper)  

.China   006 

Cent    

.  China   005 

Milreia   (grold)  Brazil    .                             .54ft 

Centime    (copper)  .  . 
Colon   (gold)  
Condor   (g-old)  

.  -i  x.eo  005 
.  -'.-ancj    002 
.  \>;t;i   Rica  465 
.Colombia    10.000 
Chi'*1                                 *?  <:*<°>n 

Milreis   (erold)  Portugal  1.080 
Napoleon    (grold)    .    France    3.860 

Onlik    (silver)          .  Turkey                         .      .400 

Condor   (g-old)  
Cordova    (grold)  
Crown    (silver)  
Crown    (silver)  
Crown    (silver)  
Crown    (silver)  
Crown    (silver)  
Dinar   (g-old)  

.  !_ci 
.Nic 
Au 
Dei 

Grt 
No 

Sw 
9pr 

lador                          4  900 

Para    (silver)  Turkey    001 

Penny     (copper)  Great    Britain  020 

stria                                 203 

Perper    (g-old)  Montenegro   203 

Peseta    (silver)     ..    Spain   195 

at    Britain                1  °°0 

Peso    (g-old)  Argentine  Republic.      .965 

-way    268 
xlen                                268 

Peso    (sold)  Chile  365 
Peso    (g-old)  Colombia    1.000 

bia                                  193 

Peso    (sold)  Cuba  910 
Peso    (silver)  Guatemala    398 

Dinero    (silver).... 
Dollar    (erold)  
Dollar    (gold) 

Per 
.Bri 
.Ne> 
Bri 
.Col 
Lib 
.Str 
Chi 
San 
.Gre 
Por 
Gre 
Au 
Gre 
Net 
.Fra 
Bel 
Sw: 

u                                      050 

tish   Honduras...    1.000 
vfoundland    1.014 
tish  possessions..    1.000 
ombia                         1  000 

Peso    (silver)              Honduras      ..       ..          .398 

Peso    (silver)  Salvador  398 
Peso    (silver)    *          Mexico  498 

Dollar    (g-old) 

Dollar    (grold)  
Dollar    (grold)  
Dollar    (gold)  
Dollar    (silver)  
Dollar    (gold)  
Drachma    (silver)  .  . 
Escudo    (g-old)  
Farthing-    (copper) 
Florin   (silver)  
Florin    (silver)  

Peso    (silver)  Parag-uay  398 
Peso    (gold)  Philippines    500 

eria                             1  000 

lits  Settlements..      .567 
na                                   475 

Peso    (g-old)                 Urug-uay   1.034 

Pfennig-    (copper)  .  ..Germany  0025 

to  Domirrg-o              1  000 

Piaster    (silver)  Cochin    China  560 
Piaster    (silver)  Cyprus    03O 

ece                                 103 

tugral    1.080 
at    Britain                    005 

Piaster    (silver)    ...Turkey    044 

Pound    (g-old)  Egypt    4.943 

Jtria     400 
at  Britain  .       ...       490 

Pound    (gold)  Great    Britain  4.865 

Ruble    (g-old)  Russia    515 
Rupee    (silver)     .  .  .  India    324 

Florin   (grold)  

herlands                        402 

Franc    (  silver)  
Franc    (grold) 

nee   193 

:rium                                                        193 

Scudo   (g-old    silver)  Italy         .       950 

Franc    (g-old) 

tzarland   193 
ti   965 

Shillin0-    (silver)       .Great    Britain  240 

Gourde    (silver)  
Guinea    (g-old)  
Gulden    (silver)  
Heller   (silver) 

.Hai 
.Gre 
.Aus 
Au< 
Rus 
Per 

Roi 

31 
20 
11 
27 
16 
8 
23 
12 
4 
24 
8 
31 
20 
5 
27 
16 
1 
21 
12 
28 
17 
9 
31 
13 
5 
28 
16 
1 
21 
13 
28 
17 
9 
25 

Sixpence    (silver)  ...Great    Britain  120 
Sol   (silver)          Peru    490 

at  Britain  5.040 
Jtria   480 
stria                                004 

Soldo    (copper)  Italy    010 
Sovereign    (grold)        Great    Britain               4  866 

Kopeck    (copper)  .  .  . 
Kran    (silver) 

sia    .                             005 
sia    091 

iininia                            193 

Sucre   (g-old)             ..Ecuador    .487 

Tael  (customs  silv  )  China         828 

Krone  (  see  crown)  . 
Leu    (silver)  

Tical    (silver)'  Siam   370 

VPTI    fail-srprl                  .  .  Janan     ..                                    .408 

1850  March 

X 

EASTER    SUNDAY    DATES. 

1884                     April  13     1918                  Maroh  31     1935  Anril  *1 

1851                    April 

1885  April     6 
1886  April  25 
1887                    April  10 

1919  April  20    1936  April  Ifc 
19'->0                   April    4    1937  March  28 

1852                    April 

1853  March 
1854  April 
1855                    April 

19°1                  March  27     1938                    April  17 

1888  April     1 
1889                    April  21 

igoo                    April  16     1939      .           ..April     9 

1923  April     1     1940  March  24 
1924                    April  20    1941  April  13 

1856  March 
1867                    April 

1890  April     6 
1891                 March  °9 

19°5                    April  12     19*2             .   ..April     5 

1858                    April 

189°                    April  17 

1905                    April     4     1943  April  25 

1859                    April 

1S93  April     2 
1891                  March  °5 

190-7                    April  17     1944                    April     9 

1860  April 
1861  March 
1862                    April 

1928            ..  ..April     8     1945  April     1 

1895  April  14 
1896  April    5 
1897                    April  18 

19°9                  March  31     1946  April  21 

1930                    April  20     1947                    April     ft 

1863  April 
1864                 March 

1931          April     5     1948  March  28 

1S93  April  10 
3  893                    April     2 

1932  March  21     1949  April  17 
1933                    April  16    1950  April     9 

1865                    April 

1866  April 
1867  April 
1868..         .        April 

1900                    April  15 

1934  April     1 

1901  April     7 
1902                  March  30 

The    earliest   date    on   which    Easter    Sunday 
has    fallen    within    a    century    was   March    22. 
1818.     As  will  be  seen  from  the  above  taHe. 
it  fell  on  March  23  in  1856  and  1913.     Th» 
time  of  the  celebration  of  the  principal  church 
days  which  depend  upon  Easter  is  as  follows: 
Days.                                                   Before  Banter. 
Septuag-esima    Sunday                      9  week* 

1869  March 
1870  April 

1903  April  12 
1901                    April     3 

1871  April 

1005                    April  °3 

1872  March 

1906  April  15 
1907                 March  31 

1873  April 

1874...        .       April 

1908                    April  19 

1875                  March 

1909  April  11 
1910                 March  °7 

1876                    April 

First   Sunday  in  Lent  6  week* 

1877...               April 

1911                    April  16 

Ash  Wednesday  (beginning  of  Lent)  46  day* 
Palm  Sunday  8  day* 
After  Easter. 
Rogration  Sunday                                               5  weeks- 

1878  April 
1879  April 
1880  March 

1912  April     7 
1913..  March  23 

1914  April  12 

1881  April 

1915                    April     4 

Ascension  Day   (Holy  Thursday)  40  day* 
Pentecost  (Whitsunday)                               7  week* 

1882  April 

1916                    April  23 

1883  March 

1917  April    8 

Trinity  Sunday.  .  .                                8  week*. 

12O 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


WEIGHTS    AND    MEASURES    USED    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


LONG  MEASURE. 
12  inches      =  1  foot. 
3  feet  =  1  yard       =  36  inches. 

5%  yards     =  1  rod         =  16%  feet. 
40  rods  =  1  furlong  =  660  feet. 

8  furlongs  =  1  mile        =  5.280  feet. 

MARINERS'   MEASURE. 
g  -feet  =  1  fathom. 

120  fathoms  =•  1  cable  length. 

7  %  cable  lengths   =•  1  mile. 
5.280  feet  ==  1  statute  mile. 

6.080  feet  =  1  nautical  mile. 

3  marine  miles    =  1  marine  league. 

LIQUID  MEASURE. 
=  1  pint.     I         4  quarts  =  1  gallon 
=  1  quart.  I  31  %  gallons=  1  barrel 
2  barrels    =  1  hogshead. 
SQUARE  MEASURE. 
144  square  inches  =  1  square  foot. 
9  square  feet       =  1  square  yard. 
30  Vi  square  yards    =  1  square  rod. 
160  square  rods      =  1  acre. 
640  acres  ==  1  square  mile. 

36  square  miles    =  1  township. 
CUBIC  MEASURE. 
1.728  cubic  inches   =  1  cubic  foot. 
27  cubic  feet        =  1  cubic  yard. 
128  cubic  feet        =  1  cord  of  wood  or  stone. 
1  gallon  contains  231  cubic  inches. 
1  bushel  contains  2.150.4  cubic  inches. 
A  cord  of  wood  is  8  feet  long.  4  feet  wide  and 
4  feet  high. 


4  gills 
2  pints 


3  pints  =•  1  quart.  I  4  pecks        =  1  bushel 

8  quarts         =  1  peck.    |  196  lbs.flour=l  barrel 

CIRCULAR  MEASURE. 
60  seconds  =  1  minute. 

60  minutes  ==  1  degree. 

360  degrees  =  1  circle. 

1  degree  ==  60  geographic  miles. 

1  geographic  mile  =  1.1527  statute  miles 

1  degree  of  the  equator=  69.124  statute  miles. 

APOTHECARIES'  WEIGHT. 

'10  grains    =  1  scruple.  I     8  drams    =  1  ounce. 

3  scruples=  1  dram.      I  12  ounces  =  1  pound. 

AVOIRDUPOIS  WEIGHT. 
27  11-32  I  L6  ounces=  1  pound. 

grains  =  1  dram.      2,000  Ibs  =»  1  short  ton. 
16  drams       =  1  ounce.  I  2,240  Ibs  =  1  long  ton. 

TROY  WEIGHT. 

24  grains  —  1  pennyweight. 

20  pennyweights     =  1  ounce. 
12  ounces  =  1  pound. 

TIME  MEASURE. 
60  seconds  =  1  minute       24  hours 
SO  minutes  =  1  hour.        365  days 
100  years       «=  1  century. 

CLOTH  MEASURE. 
2  *4  inches  =  1  nail.       I  4  nails 
•4  quarters  =  1  yard. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 

3  inches  =  1  palm.       j     6  inches 

4  inches  •=  1  hand.       |  18  inches 

21.8  inches  =  1  bible  cubit. 
2V2  feet       =  1  mi 
SURVEYORS'  MEASURE. 
7.92  inches  =  1  link.       I        4  rods 
25  links    =  1  rod.        I     10  chair 
8  furlongs  =  1  mile. 

COUNTING. 

12  things  =  1  dozen.       I  12  gross 
12  dozen  <=  1  gross.        I  20  things 

STATIONERS'  TABLE. 
24  sheets     =  1  quire.     I     2  reams 
20  quires     =  1  ream.     I     5  bundles 
SIZES  OP  BOOKS. 
Pages 
Folio  ..  4 

Quarto    (4to) 8 

Octavo   (8vo.) 16 

Duodecimo    (12mo.) 24 

Octodecimo    (18mo.) 86 


THE  METRIC  SYSTEM. 
The  metric  system  is  in  general  use  in  aD 
the  principal  nations  of  Europe  and  America 
with  the  exception  of  Great  Britain.  Russia 
and  the  United  States,  where  it  is  authorized 
but  not  compulsory.  Its  use  for  scientific  pur- 
poses is  common  throughout  the  world. 

Weights. 

Milligram  (.001  gram)  =         .0154  grain. 

Centigram  (.01  gram)  =         .1643  grain. 

Decigram  (.1  gram)  =       1.5432  grains. 

Gram  =     15.432    grains. 

Decagram  (10  grams)  =         .3527  ounce. 

Hectogram  (100  grams)  =  3.5274  ounces. 
Kilogram  (1.000  grams)  =  2.2046  pounds. 
Myriagram  (10,000  grams)  =  22.046  pounds. 
Quintal  (100,000  grams)  =220.46  pounds. 
Millier  or  tonneau— ton  vl.000.000  grams) 

=      2.204.6  pounds. 
Dry. 

061    cubic  inch. 


Milliliter  (.001  liter) 

Centiliter  (.01  liter) 

Deciliter  (.1  liter) 

Liter 

Decaliter  (10  liters) 

Hectoliter  (100  liters) 

Kiloliter  (1,000  liters) 

Liquid. 

Milliliter  (.001  liter)  = 
Centiliter  (.01  liter)  •= 
Deciliter  (.1  liter)  = 

Liter  = 

Decaliter  (10  liters)         = 
Hectoliter  (100  liters) 
Kiloliter  (1.000  liters) 

Length. 

Millimeter  (.001  meter) 
Centimeter  (.01  meter) 
Decimeter  (.1  meter) 
Meter. 

Decameter  (10  meters) 
Hectometer  (100  meters) 
Kilometer  (I'.OOO  meters) 


=     .6102  cubic  inch. 
=  6.1022  cubic  inches. 
=     .908    quart. 
=  9.08      quarts. 
=  2.838    bushels. 
=  1.308    cubic  yards. 


.0388  fluid  ounce. 
*=         .338    fluid  ounce. 
=         .845    gill. 
=       1.0567  quarts. 
=       2.6418  gallons. 
=    26.418    gallons. 
=  264.18      gallons. 


=         .0394  inch. 
=•         .3937  inch. 
=       3.937    inches. 
<=    39.37      inches. 
=  393.7        inches. 
=  328  ft.  1  in. 

=         .62137  mile 
(3.280ft.  10  in.) 
Myriameter  (10,000  meters)  =         6.2137  miles. 

Surface. 

Centare  (1  square  meter)       =1.550          sq.  in. 

Are  (100  square  meters)        =      119.6      sq.yds. 

Hectare  (10.000  sq.  meters)  =          2.471  acres. 

METRIC    CONVERSION    TABLES. 


t. 

=  1  day. 
=«  1  year. 

=  1  quarter. 

=  1  span. 
=  1  cubit, 
ibit. 
r  pace. 
IE. 
=  1  chain. 
8  =  1  furlons 

=  1  great  gr. 
=  1  score. 
2. 
=  1  bundle, 
s  —  1  bale. 

Leaves.Sheet. 
2            1 
4            1 
8             1 
12             1 
18             1 

Centimeters. 
1      

Inches. 
..   0.393 

Feet. 
1... 

Meters. 
.  0.304 

0  787 

2 

0  609 

3 

1  LSI 

3 

0  914 

4 

.    1  574 

4... 

.     1  219 

5... 
6 

..    1.968 
..   2  362 

5 

1  524 

6... 

.   1.828 

7 

2  755 

7... 

.   2  133 

8 

3  149 

8 

2  436 

g 

3  H43 

9... 

..  2.742 

W  3.937 

Inches.       Centimeters. 
1                   .....   2  540 

10  

3  048 

Meters. 
1... 

Yards. 
..   1.093 

o 

5  080 

2... 

..   2  187 

3 

7  620 

3 

3  280 

4 

.  10  160 

4  

..  4.374 

5 

12  700 

5... 

.  .   5  463 

6 

15  240 

6 

6  561 

7 

17  780 

7  .*... 

.'   7.655 

8 

20  320 

8... 

.     8  749 

9 

oo  860 

9 

9  842 

10 

25  400 

10  
Yards. 
1  

....10.936 
Meters. 
....  0.914 
1.829 

Meters. 
1... 

Feet. 
..  3.280 

2  . 

6  561 

3 

9  842 

3... 

4  
5  
6  

....   2.743 
....  3.657 
....  4.571 
....  5.486 
6  400 

4  
5 

..13.123 
16  404 

6 

19  684 

7  
8 

..22.965 
.  26  246 

7 

8  

i?:::::::::: 

....    7.315 
....   8.229 
..  9.143 

9  
10... 

..29.527 

..32.808 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


121 


Kilometers.           Miles. 
1                          n  R2i 

Square 
yards. 
3  
4.. 

Square 
meters. 
2.508 
3  344 

Centigrams.         Grains. 
6                           n  Q9.s 

Cubic 
yards. 

Cubic 
meters. 
0  764 

1.243 

7  

1.080 

Q 

.    1.864 

8 

1  234 

2 

4  

..   2.486 

5... 

4.181 

9... 

..   1.388 

3 

5  
6 

3.106 
..   3  728 

6  

7.  . 

5.017 
5  853 

10  

1.542 

4... 

Grains. 
j 

Centigrams. 

5 

7... 

..   4.349 

8... 

..   6.689 

6 

8  
g 

4.971 
.    5  592 

9  
10  

7.525 
8362 

2  

12.959 

7  
g 

5.351 

R  1  1  R 

10  
Miles. 
1.   . 

6.213 

Kilometers. 
1.609 

Square 
kilometers 
1  

Square 
miles. 
0.386 

4  
5 

25.919 
32  399 

9... 
10  

6.881 
7  645 

ft 

38  879 

Cubic 
meters. 
1  
2 

Si!! 

Cubic 
feet. 
....    35.314 
....    70.629 

1  nc  040 

2 

..  3.218 

2 

..   0.772 

7 

45  359 

3 

4  827 

3... 

..   1.158 

8... 
9  
10  
Grams. 
1  
2 

51.839 
58.319 
64.798 
Ounces  (av.) 
0.035 
0.070 

4 

6  437 

4 

1  544 

5 

..   8.046 

5... 

..   1.930 

6... 

9.655 

6  
7  
8  
9 

2.316 

2.702 
3.088 
3  474 

7  
8  

m 

11.265 
12.874 

1  a.  4.R3 

4  
5... 

A 

....141.258 
....176.672 

10  16.093 
Square             Square 
centimeters.        inches. 
1  0.155 

10  
Square 
miles. 
1  

3.860 
Square 
kilometers. 
2.592 

3  
4  
5... 
6... 
7  

0.105 
0.140 
0.176 
0.211 
0.246 

?;•  

8... 

9  ; 

10  

...  .211.887 
....247.201 
....282.516 
....317.830 
....353.144 

2  
3  

t  

6  
7  
8  
9  
i  n 

0.465 
0.620 
..   0.775 
0.930 
..   1.085 
1.240 
1.395 
1  650 

3  
4  
5  
6... 
7... 
8  
9... 
10 

7.776 
10.368 
12.960 
15.552 
...18.144 
20.736 
,  ,  ,  ,  23.328 
25  920 

8... 
9  
10  
Ounces  (av 

2... 
3  
4... 

......  0.282 
....!.  0.317 
......  0.352 
.)        Grams. 
.    ,      28.349 
....    56.699 
...      85.048 
....113.398 

Cubic 
feet. 
1... 
2... 

3  ::;• 

4.... 

5  ; 

6..... 

Cubic 
meters. 
0.028 
0.056 
0.084 
0.113 
0.141 
0  169 

Square 
inches. 
1  
2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10  
Square 

Square 
centimeters. 
6.452 
...12.903 
..19.354 
...25.806 
32.257 
38.709 
,...45.160 
51.612 
...58.063 
64.514 
Square 

Hectares. 
1  
2  
3  
4  
5... 
6.       .   .   . 
7.       .   .   . 
8.       .   .   . 
9. 
10. 
Acres 
1  

Acres. 
2.471 
4.942 
7.413 
9.844 
12.355 
15.552 
...   .17.297 
...   .19.769 
...    22.240 
24.711 
Hectares. 
0.404 

5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10... 
Kilograms 

....141.747 
...    170.097 
.198.446 
...  .226.796 
255.145 
282.796 
Pounds. 
2  204 

7... 
8  
9... 

10  ; 

Liters, 
(liquid) 

2'          '  " 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7  

0.198 
0.226 
0.254 
0.282 

Quarts, 
(liquid) 
1.056 
2.113 
3.170 
4.228 
5.283 
6.341 
7.396 

n 

4  409 

3  
4... 
5  
6  

7... 

6.613 

8.818 
11.023 
13.227 
.  ...15.432 

meters. 
1  
2  
3  
4 

10.764 
21.528 
32.292 
...43.055 

3  
4  
5... 
6... 

1.214 
1.618 
2.023 
2.428 

8... 
9  
10  
Pounds. 
1... 

.17.636 
..    ,.  19.841 
.22.046 
Kilograms 
..  0.453 

8  
9  
10  

Quarts, 
(liquid) 

8.453 
9.510 
10.566 

Liters, 
(liquid) 

5 

53  819 

7 

2  832 

64  583 

8 

3  °37 

2 

0  907 

•7 

75  347 

9... 

3  642 

3... 

1.360 

2  '" 

86  111 

10 

4  046 

4  
5... 
6  
7  
8... 

1.814 

2.267 
2.721 
3.175 

3  

O   £QO 


10  
Square 

...96.874 
..107.638 

Square 

Cubic 
meters. 
1  

2 

Cubic 
yards. 
,,..     1.307 
2  615 

4  
5  
6... 
7  

3.785 
4.731 
5.678 
6  6°4 

1  
2  
3  
4 

..  0.092 
8.185 
.278 
0.371 

3  
4  
5  
6 

3.923 
5.231 
6.539 
7  847 

9  
10  
Metric 
tons. 
1  

3  

..  4.082 
,  ,  ,  ,       4.534 
Long- 
tons. 
,     ,  ,     0.984 
1.968 
2.952 

8  
9  
10  

Hectoliters 

2  
3... 

7.570 
8.572 
......  9.463 

Bushels. 
2.837 
5.675 
8  513 

6  
6  

7  

..   0.464 
0.557 
0.650 

7  
8  
9  

,     9.155 
10.463 
11.771 

8  
9  
10  
Square 
meters. 
1  

0.836 
0.928 
Square 
yards. 
1.196 

10  

Cubic 
yards. 

2... 
3  

13.079 
Cubic 
meters. 
0.764 
1.529 
2.293 

4  
5  
6  
1  ... 
8  
9  

3.936 
4.921 
5.905 
6.889 
7.873 
8.857 

4  
5  
6  
7  
8... 
g 

11.350 
14.188 
....  17.026 
19.864 
22.701 
05  39Q 

4 

..   2.392 

3.588 
.     4  784 

4  
5  
6 

3.058 
.   3.822 

4  587 

10  
Long 
tons. 
I 

9.842 
Metric 
tons. 
1  016 

10..., 

Bushels. 
1 

28.376 

Hectoliters. 
0  352 

5  980 

7 

5  351 



..   7.176 

8... 

..   6.116 

3... 
4 

....   2.032 
3.048 
4  064 

0 

0  704 

7 

§372 

9 

.     6.881 

3 

1  057 

.568 

10  

7.645 

4... 

.     1  409 

..  10.764 

Centigrams. 
1  
2 

Grains. 
0.154 
0  308 

5  
6  

7 

5.080 
6.096 
7  112 

5 

1  761 

10  
Square 
yards. 

11.960 

Square 
meters. 
0  836 

6  
7  

2.114 

2  466 

3 

0  463 

g 

8  128 

g 

2  819 

4 

..     0617 

9  .. 

...   .  9.144 

9... 

..   3.171 

2 

..   1.672 

5... 

..  0.771 

10... 

10.160 

10... 

..  3.523 

1*2 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


1  grain 

1  ounce  = 

1  pound  = 
1  dram(apoth.)  =• 
1  scruple  (apoth.)  = 

1  quart  (dry)  = 

1  peck  (dry)  = 

1  bushel  = 

1  quart  (lid.)  = 
1  gallon 
1  inch. 

1  inch  = 

1  inch  = 

1  foot  = 

Ijard  = 

Imile  = 

1  BQ.  inch  = 

1  sq.  loot  = 
1  sq.  yard 
1  sq.  mile 


Metric  Equivalents. 

=  0.06480  gram. 
=  28.3495  grams. 
=  0.45359  kilogram. 

3.6967    grams. 

1.2322    grama. 

1.1012    liters. 

8.8098    liters. 

0.35239  hectoliter. 

0.94636  liter. 

3.78543  liters. 
25.4001    millimeters. 

2.54001  centimeters. 

0.0254    meter. 

0.3048 

0.9144 

1.6093 
645.16 

0.0929 

0.8361 

2.5900 

0.4017 
16.387 


meter. 

meter. 

kilometers. 

sq.  millimeters. 

sq.  meter. 

sq.  meter. 

sq.  kilometers. 

1  acre  =      U.4U17    hectare. 

1  cubic  inch  =-    16.387      cu.  milli meters. 

1  cubic  foot  =      0.02832  cubic  meter. 

1  cubic  yard  =       0.7645    cubic  meter. 

CONVERSION  FIGURES. 
To  reduce  Multiply  by 

Millimeters  to  inches 

Centimeters  to  inches •* 

Meters  to  feet »•« 

Meters  to  yards J  •£ 

Kilometers  to  yards 1093.6 

Kilometers  to  miles '3 

Inches  to  millimeters 

Inches  to  centimeters 

Feet  to  meters 

Yards  to  meters 

Yards  to  kilometers 

Miles  to  meters 

Miles  to  kilometers 

Square  millimeters  to  square  inches 
Square  centimeters  to  square  inches 


2.54 
.3 
.9 

.0009 
.1609 

^0,5 
.155 


Square  meters  to  square  feet 10.76 

Square  meters  to  square  yards 1.2 

Square  inches  to  square  millimeters  645. 

Square  inches  to  square  centimeters  6.45 

Square  feet  to  square  meters .09 

Square  yards  to  square  meters .83 

Cubic  centimeters  to  cubic  inches .  .  .06 

Cubic  meters  to  cubic  feet 35.3 

Cubic  meters  to  cubic  yards...  1.3 


Square  meters  to  square  yards 

Square  inches  to  square  millimeters 
~  luare  inches  to  square  centimeters 
_iuare  feet  to  square  meters.. 
Square  yards  to  square  meters 
Cubic  centimeters  to  cubic  inches.  . 
Cubic  meters  to  cubic  feet. 
Cubic  meters  to  cubic  yards 

Cubic  meters  to  gallons 220. 

Liters  to  gallons 

Liters  to  cubic  feet .035 

Liters  of  water  to  pounds 2.2 

Cubic  inches  to  cubic  centimeters..  16.4 

Cubic  feet  to  liters 28.3 

Cubic  feet  to  cubic  meters .03 

Cubic  feet  to  gallons 6.2 

Cubic  feet  of  water  to  pounds 62.27 

Cubic  yards  to  cubic  meters .76 

Gallons  to  liters 4.5 

Gallons  to  cubic  meters .0045 

Gallons  to  cubic  feet .16 

Gallons  of  water  to  pounds 10. 

Pounds  of  water  to  gallons .1 

Pounds  of  water  to  cubic  feet .016 

Pounds  of  water  to  liters .454 

Milligrams  to  grains .015 

Grams  to  grains 15.4 

Grams  to  ounces .035 

Kilograms  to  ounces 35.3 

Kilograms  to  pounds 2.2 

Kilograms  to  cwt .02 

Kilograms  to  tons .001 

Grains  to  milligrams 64.8 

Grains  to  grams .65 

Ounces  to  grams 28.35 

Pounds  to  grams 453.6 

Pounds  to  grains  troy 7000. 

Pounds  to  kilograms   .45 

Cwt.  to  kilograms 50.8 

Tons  to  kilograms 1016. 

Grams   per   sq.   cm.   to   pounds  per 

sq.  in .014 

lilograms  per   sq.   mm.   to  pounds 

per  sq.  in 1422. 


To  reduce  Multiply  br 

Kilograms    per    sq.    cm.    to    pounds 

per  sq.  in 14.2 

Kilograms  per  sq.  cm.  to  tons  per 

sq.  ft .9 

Pounds    per    sq.    in.    to    grams    per 

sq.  cm 70.3 

Pounds  per  sq.  in.  to  kilograms  per 

sq.  cm .07 

Tons   per   sq.   ft.   to  kilograms  per 

sq.  cm  ,...  1.09 

Pounds    per    sq.    in.    to    tons    per 

sq.  ft 064 

Tons  per  sq.  ft.  to  Rounds  per  sq.  in.        15.5 
Pounds    per    sq.    in.     to    head    of 

water  (meters)   .7 

Pounds  per  sq.  in.  to  head  of  water 

(feet)  2.3 

Tons  per  sq.  ft.  to  head  of  water 

(meters)  10.7 

Tons  per  sq.  ft.  to  head  of  water 

(feet)  36. 

Head  of  water    (meters)    to  pounds 

per  sq.  in 1.4 

Head  of  water  (meters)  to  tons  per 

sq.    ft .09 

Head  of  water  (feet)  to  pounds  per 

sq.  in .43 

Head  of  water    (feet)    to  tons  per 

sq.   ft .027 

Atmosphere  to  pounds  per  sq.  in... .        14.7 

Atmosphere  to  tons  per  sq.  ft .94 

Pounds  per  sq.  in.  to  atmospheres. .  .07 

Tons  per  sq.  ft.  to  atmospheres 1.06 

Dynes    per    sq.    cm.    to    grains    per 

sq.  in .1 

Grains  per  sq.  in.  to  dynes  per  sq. 

cm 9.8 

Foot  pounds  to  jpules 1.35 

Foot  pounds  to  kilogrammeters .14 

Kilogrammeters  to  foot  pounds 7.2 

Kilogrammeters  to  pounds  deg.  F. . .  .009 

Kilogrammeters  to  joules 9.8 

Kilogrammeters  to  calories 2.34 

Calories  to  kilogrammeters .42 

Calories  to  joules 4.168 

Horsepower   to   kilogrammeters  per 

second   76. 

Horsepower    to     foot     pounds     per 

minute    33000. 

Horsepower  to  watts 746. 

Watts  to  foot  pounds  per  minute...        44. 
Watts    to    kilogrammeters    per    sec.  .1 
Meters  per  second  to  feet  per  min- 
ute        197. 

Feet  per  minute  to  meters  per  sec- 
ond    .005 

Feet  per  minute  to  miles  per  hour. .  .0113 

Miles  per  hour  to  feet  per  minute..        88. 

ELECTRICAL    UNITS    DEFINED. 
Ohm — Unit  of  resistance:   represents  resistance 
offered  to  an  unvarying1  electric  current  by  a 
column    of    mercury    at    the    temperature    of 
ice.    14.5421   grams  in  mass,   of   a   cross-sec- 
tional area  of  1.00003  square  millimeters  and 
of  the  length  of  106.3  centimeters. 
Ampere — Unit  of  current,  decomposes  .0009324 
of    a    gram    of    water   in    one   second    or   de- 
posits   silver    at    the    rate    of    .001118    of    a 
gram    per    second,    when    passed    through    a 
solution  of  nitrate  of  silver  in  water. 
Volt— Unit    of    electromotive    force:    one    volt 
equals  one  ampere  of  current  passing  through 
a  substance  having  one  ohm  of  resistance. 
Coulomb — Unit    of    quantity:    amount    of    elec- 
tricity  transferred  by  a  current  of  one  am- 
pere in  one  second. 

Farad — Unit  of  capacity;  capacity  of  a  con- 
denser charged  to  a  potential  of  one  volt  by 
one  coulomb.  A  microfarad  is  one-millionth 
of  a  farad. 

Joule — Unit  of  work;  equivalent  to  energy  ex- 
pended in  one  second  by  one  ampere  current 
in  one  ohm  resistance. 

Watt — Unit  of  power;  equivalent  to  work  done 
at  the  rate  of  one  joule  per  second.  A  kilo- 
watt is  1,000  watts. 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


123 


STATUTORY    WEIGHTS    OF    THE    BUSHEL. 


STATE  OR 
TERRITORY. 

Wheat. 

c 

O 

1 

Buckwheat.  || 

Shelled  corn.  j 

Corn  on  cob. 

Cornmeal.  j  | 

I 

Potatoes.  Irish. 

Potatoes,  sweet. 

Carrots.  || 

Onions.  || 

Turnips. 

o 

Beans. 

1 

o 

£ 

Dried  apples. 

Dried  peaches. 

Castor  beans. 

Flaxsoed. 

Hemp  seed. 

| 

Timothy  seed. 

Blue  grass  seed. 

Hungarian  gr.seedll 

United  States  
Alabama  

GO 

M 

5'  ; 

56 

H2 
32 

48 
47 

42 

4« 

On 

00 

50 

50 

66 

51 

50 
52 
5C, 
56 

56 

70 

40 

.. 

00 

55 

.. 

55 

.. 

CO 

60 

24 

38 

Arizona  
Arkansas  

BO 

co 

00 
ci) 
01 

56 

51 

5*; 

32 
32 

4S 
50 
48 
48 

52 

40 
52 

70 

48 

20 

60 

50 

.. 

57 

57 

.. 

00 

00 

50 

24 

33 

-M 

'.'. 

50 

GO 

14 

70 

50 

20 

CO 
GO 

57 

GO 

44 

•• 

45 
45 

14 

Connecticut  

54 

50 

52 

50 

GO 

GO 

GO 

48 

25 

33 

.. 

55 

District  of  Columbia 
Florida  
Georgia  
Hawaii  

Cf 

i;.t 

:?i 

32 
32 
82 

50 

GO 

48 
47 

4< 

52 

68 
56 

70 
iO 

48 
48 

20 
20 

60 

00 

60 
55 

•• 

50 
57 

54 
55 

0,0 
GO 

GO 

48 

24 
24 

.'!3 
33 

48 

56 

44 

50 

45 

14 

Idaho  
Illinois  

ci 
(XI 

w 

''•0 

m 

,  r 

•>>\ 

.M; 

50 
50 

JO 

32 
^ 
32 
32 

..,., 

4s 
4S 
48 
48 
48 
47 
48 

52 

50 
52 
50 
50 

66 

50 
50 
56 

50 
50 
50 
56 

70 

cs 

70 
70 
70 

48 
50 

50 
50 

M) 

20 

20 
20 
20 

Gil 
00 

CO 
Co 
GO 
00 

fid 

50 
55 
40 
50 
55 

50 

57 
48 
57 
57 
57 

g 

55 

CO 

•'•0 

GO 
GO 

GO 
GO 

Co 
00 
00 

CO 

GO 

GO 

45 

50 

48 
48 

11 

25 
24 
24 
24 

28 
33 

i-Jij 

83 

39 

40 

40 
50 
45 

56 

56 

56 

50 
56 

41 
41 
44 
41 
44 

50 
50 
50 

45 
45 

45 
45 
45 

14 
14 
14 
14 
14 

50 

50 

50 
50 

Indiana  
Iowa  
Kansas  

Kentucky  
Louisiana  

Maryland  
Massachusetts  
Michigan  

GO 
M 

ix) 
:0 

co 

'0 
CO 

;o 
;o 
;o 
;o 
;o 

GO 

50 
56 
56 

50 
56 

no 

50 
50 
50 

•»o 
v; 

JO 
50 

26 

H2 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
12 
(Q 

:-!2 
32 

S3 
I 

32 

32 

48 
48 
48 
4S 
48 
48 
48 

48 

4s 
48 

4S 
40 
47 

48 

48 
48 
50 
48 
52 
52 
52 

50 

48 
50 
42 
50 

n 

48 
48 

50 

50 

56 
56 

50 

56 
56 
66 

56 

tl 
66 
66 
66 

50 

70 
10 
72 
70 

!§ 

81 

48 
50 
50 

£8 

50 

'20 

20 
20 
20 

20 

20 

56 
60 

co 

CO 
CO 
00 
00 

co 
CO 
CO 
00 

54 
50 
55 

cu 

56 
50 

54 
54 

50 
45 

50 
50 

50 

52 
54 
52 
57 

57 
57 
57 

57 
57 

53 

55 
42 
50 
55 

50 
50 

60 

00 

do 

60 

CO 
GO 
C2 
CO 
00 

CO 
CO 
CO 
GO 

CO 

61 

60 

CO 
CO 
0,0 
GO 

48 
48 
50 

48 
45 

25 
1:2 
28 

"6 
24 

28 
28 
83 

33 

46 

46 
46 

56 

ff> 
56 
66 

56 

44 

.M) 
44 
44 
44 
44 

60 
48 
60 
BO 

50 

45 
45 
45 

45 
4;} 

45 

14 

14 
14 
14 
14 

14 

50 

48 
50 
48 
50 
50 

Minnesota  

Mississippi  

Missouri 

Nebraska  
New  Hampshire...  . 

24 

33 

46 

50 

48 

25 
25 

33 

33 

'• 

55 
66 
55 

New  Torkf.  
North  Carolina  
North  Dakota  
Ohio  

•• 

•• 

45 

•• 

70 
KH 

70 

.. 

20 
20 

GO 

CO 
CO 

CO 

40 
50 
46 

50 

52 
55 
52 

CO 
CO 
00 

00 
56 

00 

CO 
(0 
GO 

GO 
GU 
GO 

50 
45 

24 

28 

C3 
28 

"•'; 

66 

44 

60 

50 

45 

45 
42 

•• 

50 

Oklahoma  

Pennsylvania  
Rhode  Island  

f/v 

70 

50 
•IS 

20 

GO 

54 

50 

50 

50 

50 

00 

00 

48 

25 

33 

40 

56 

44 

50 

45 

•• 

50 

South  Dakota  
Tennessee  

:;J 
•o 
;o 
» 
0 

;o 

v; 
--o 

jG 

?! 

'0 
56 

& 

i.' 

10 
$2 

12 

48 
48 
48 
48 
48 
48 
48 
48 

42 
50 
42 
48 
52 
42 
52 
50 

50 
56 
56 
56 
56 
66 
56 

f:C 

70 
70 
70 

70 

50 

20 
20 

-0 

GO 

co 

CO 
BO 
56 

60 

40 
55 
50 

50 
50 

52 
56 

57 
52 
57 

GO 
50 
55 
60 

55 

GO 

50 

GO 

oo 

60 

00 

G-; 

GO 

CO 
GO 

60 
U) 

50 
45 
46 

45 

rn 

24 
28 

23 
28 
25 

20 

28 

46 

50 
56 

56 

44 
44 

50 
50 

42 
45 
45 

14 

48 

48 

Virginia 

.'0 
28 
33 

•• 

50 
•-•r 

44 

50 

45 

14 

48 

Washington  
West  Virginia  
Wisconsin  

TO 

Ml 

20 

DO 

rn 

M 

5V) 

57 

42 

50 

CO 

CO 

(V» 

56 

44 

;6 

45 
45 

48 

Note  —  Rye    meal    takes    48     pounds    to     the 
bushel  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  50  in 
Maine.  Massachusetts,  New  York,  Rhode  Island 
and  Wisconsin.     The  metric  system  is  used  in 
the  Philippines  and  Porto  Rico. 

LONGEST    RAILWAY    TUNNELS. 

Railway  and  country.                       Miles.  Yards. 
Simplon    Switzerland-Italy   ...   12           458 

St.  Gothard,  Switzerland-Italy.. 
Loetschberg,  Switzerland  

...      9            564 
...9              55 

TABLE    OF    SPECIFIC    GRAVITY. 

Compared  with  water. 
Water    distilled  .     100  i  Iron     cast                  721 

Arlberg,  Austria  

...      6            404 
...      6            578 
5            546 

Ricken,   Switzerland  

Tauern    Austria 

Water    sea                 103  •  Ivory                           183 

Ronco    Italy 

...      5            277 
5              56 

Alcohol    84     Lead                          1135 

Tenda     Italy  

Aluminum   256     Mahogany    106 
Ash   84  '  Maple    75 
Beer  ..      .                  102     Marble                        270 

Transandine,  Chile-Argentina.... 
Karawanken,    Austria  

...      5         

...      4        1,683 
...     4         1.320 
...      4            700 
4            636 

Hoosac,    United    States  
Borzallo,  Italy  

Brass    840     Milk,    cov  .-'->          .     103 

Butter    94  ;  Milk,  goat's.  ..     .     104 
Cedar   .                           61     Oak                                117 

Severn    England 

Turchina,    Italy  
Wocheiner    Austria 

...4              10 
3        1  647 

Chalk  279     Ooium    134 
Cider    102     Flatina                      °  150 

Mont  d'Or,  France-Switzerland.  . 
Albula,   Switzerland  
Totlev     England 

...      3        1.320 
...      3        1.150 
3            950 

Coal                               130     Porcelain                     ?°6 

Copper  895     Silver    1047 

Cork    24     Steel                  •            783 

Peloritana     Sicily 

3            686 

Diamond                      353  i  Sulphur                        °03 

.  ..      3            516 
3              62 

Ebony    133    Tin   729 

Standedge    England 

Fir   55     Turpentine    99 
Glass    .    .                     289     Walnut                           67 

Woodhead,    England  
Cascade,  United  States  

...      3              17 

...      2        1,080 
769 

Gold      .                    1  9°6     Wine                            100 

Ice  ..                                 92     Zinc    ..                     .     691     Snocmaimie.   United  States... 

2            487 

124 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


THERMOMETERS    COMPARED. 

There  are  three  kinds  of  thermometers,  with 
varying-  scales,  in  general  use  throughout  the 
world — the  Fahrenheit.  Reaumur  and  centi- 
grade. The  freezing-  and  boiling-  points  on 
their  scales  compare  as  follows: 

Thermometer.  Freezing-  pt.      Boiling-  pt. 

Fahrenheit  32  degrees       212  degrees 

Reaumur    zero  80  degrees 

Centigrade    zero  100  degrees 

The  degrees  on  one  scale  are  reduced  to 
their  equivalents  on  another  by  these  formulas: 

Fahrenheit  to  Reaumur — Subtract  32,  multi- 
ply by  four-ninths. 

Fahrenheit  to  Centigrade— Subtract  32.  mul- 
tiply by  five-ninths. 

Reaumur  to  Fahrenheit — Multiply  by  nine- 
fourths,  add  32. 

Reaumur  to  Centigrade  —  Multiply  by  five- 
fourths. 

Centigrade  to  Fahrenheit— Multiply  by  nine- 
fifths,  add  32. 

Centigrade  to  Reaumur— Multiply  by  four- 
fifths. 

COMPARATIVE  SCALES. 
Centigrade  to  Fahrenheit. 


C. 


F. 


_30  =.  .—22.0 
—29=..— 20.2 


MULTIPLICATION    AND    DIVISION 

12345678 


85  102  119  136 

90  108  126  144 

114  133  152 

120  140  160 

126  147  168 

110  132  154  176 

92  115  138  161  184 

96  120  144  168  192 


75  100  125  150  175  200 
78  104  130  156  182  208 

§1  108  135  162  189  216 
4  112  140  168  196  224 
87  116  145  174  203  232 
0  120  150  180  210  240 
3  124  155  186  217  248 
6  128  160  192  224  256 
99  132  165  198  231  264 
68  102  136  170  204  238  272 
70  105  140  175  210  245  280 
72  108  144  180  216  252  288 
74  111  148  185  222  259  296 
76  114  152  190  228  266  304 
78  117  156  195  234  273  312 
120  160  200  240  280  320 
123  164  205  246  287  328 
126  168  210  252  294  336 
86  129  172  215  258  301  344 
88  132  176  220  264  308  352 
90  135  180  225  270  315  360 
2  138  184  230  276  322  368 
4  141  188  235  282  329  376 
6  144  192  240  288  336  384 
98  147  196  245  294  343  392 


—  7.6 

—  5.8 

—  4.0 

—  2.2 

—  0.4 
1.4 
3.2 
5.0 
6.8 
8.6 

10.4 
12.2 
14.0 


60  100  150  200  250  300  350  400 


RAILROAD   TRAIN   SPEED. 


Reaumur  to  Fahrenheit. 


B. 

—35.5  1—9 
—33.2  —8  = 
—31.0   —7  = 
—28.7   —6 
—26.5  1—5 
—24.2 
—22.0  1—3 


1:44 
1:45 
1:46 
1:47 
1:48 
1:49 


—19.7  —2= 27.5 

—17.5  — 1= 29.7 


2= 36.5  ]23  = 

3= 38.7    24  = 

.  .41.0  !25  = 


:50 

:52 
:53 
:54 
:55 
:56 
:57 

1:58 

1:59. 

2:00. 

2:01. 

2:02. 

2:04. 

2:06. 

2:08. 

2:10. 

2:12. 

2:14. 

2:16. 

2:18. 

2:20. 


WEDDING    ANNIVERSARIES. 


First— Cotton. 
Second — Paper. 
Third — Leather. 
Fifth— Wooden. 
Seventh— Woolen. 
Tenth— Tin. 
Twelfth— Silk  and  fine 
linen. 


Fifteenth— Crystal. 
Twentieth— China. 
Twenty-fifth— Silver. 
Thirtieth— Pearl. 
Fortieth— Ruby. 
Fiftieth— Golden. 
Seventy-fifth — Diamond 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


125 


Note- 
given  for 
at  7  per 
Time. 
Amt.  Int. 
3.. 

SIMPLE    INTEREST    TABLE. 

Po  find  the  amount  of  interest  at  2%  per  cent  on  any  given  sum.  divide  the  amount 
the  same  sum  in  the  table  at  5  per  cent  by  2:   at  3%  per  cent  divide  the  amount 
cent  by  2,  etc. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5       6 

7 

8       9 

10     20 

123456    Year. 
1            3 

$1 

4.. 
5. 

6. 
7 

1 

1124 
2235 
2236 
2347 

1            l 

111 
111 

$2 

3.  . 

]_            ] 

2236 
2348 
3          4          5        10 
4          5          6        12 
5          6          7        14 

4 

1 

112 
123 
1          2           C 
124 

5.. 

fi 

.  .        1 
I 

7.. 

1 

$3 

3 

1123459 
1          2          3          4          5          6        12 
1          3          4          5          6          8        15 
2           3          5           6          8          9        18 
2          4          5           7          9        11        21 

4 

1 
1 
1       1 
1       1 

5.. 

6.. 

7 

.'  .'      "  ] 

S4 

3 
4 

1 

1           2          3          4          5          6        12 
1           2          4          5           6          8        16 
2          3           5           7          8        10        20 
2          4           6           8        10        12        24 
2          5           7          9        12        14        28 

^ 

1 

1       1 

1       1 

6 

1       ] 
1       ] 

7.. 

1 

35 

3.. 
4 

'  i 

1 
1       1 
1       1 

1           2          4          5          7          8        15 
1          3          5           6          8        10        20 
2          4           6           8        10        13        25 
3           5          8        10        13        15        30 
3           6          9        12        15        18        35 

5.. 

1       ] 

7.. 

1 

1 

1112 

S10 

a,  , 

1       1      1       1 

2          5           7        10        12        15        30 
3           6        10        13        16        20        40 
4           8        13        17        21        25        50 
6        10        15        20        25        30        60 
6        12        18        23        29       35        70 

4 
5.. 
6 

.   .  . 

'i 

i 

'i 

1 

1       1 
1       1 
1       1 

1 
1 
1 

1223 
2223 

2224 

7.. 

S25 

3 

4 

'i 
i 
i 

i 

'i 

2 

2 
o 

'i    'i 

2       2 
2       3 
2       3 

0 

2 
3 
3 

2235 
3337 
3348 
4        4       5    10 

6        12        19        25        31        38        75 
8        16        25        33        41        50    1.00 
10        21        31        42        52        63    1.25 
13        25        ^8        50        63        75    1.50 
15        29        44        58        73        88    1.75 

5.. 

6.. 

7.. 

1 
1 
1 

S50 

3.. 

4 

1 
1 
1 
2 
2 

i 
i 

0 

3 
3 

1 
2 
3 
3 
4 

3       3 

3       4 
4       5 

5       6 

3 
4 
5 
6 

7 

3448 
4        5       6    11 
6        6       7    14 
7        8       8    17 
8        9       9     19 

12        25        37 
16        33        50 
21        42        63 
25        50        75 

29        58        88 

50        62        75    1.50 
67        83    1.00    2.00 
83     1.04     1.25    2.50 
1.00    1.25     1.50    3.00 
1.17    1.46    1.75    3.50 

5.. 
6.. 

7.. 

.     1 
.     1 
.     1 

$100 

Years. 
1  

1%. 

3.. 

4.. 
5.. 

6.. 

7.. 

.     1 
.     1 
.     1 

'.     2 

1 
2 
3 
3 
4 

3%. 
1.03 
1.04 
1.06 
1.07 
1.09 
1.10 
1.12 
1.14 
1.16 
1.17 
1.19 
1.21 
1.23 
1.24 
1  °6 

2 
3 
4 

S 
6 

3456 

4668 
6       7       8     10 
7       8     10     12 
8    10     12     14 

6        7       8    16 
9     10    11    22 
11     13    li    28 
13      15     17    33 
16     18     19    39 

25        5  ,        75 
33        66     1.00 
42        83    1.25 
50     1.00     1.50 
58    1.17     '-.7o 

1.00    1.25    1.50    3.00 
1.33     1.67     2.00    4.00 
1.67    2.08     2.50    5.00 
2.00    2.50    3.00    6.00 
2.33     2.92    3.50    7.00 

5%.         6%.         7%. 
1.55        1.70        1.85 
1.59        1.75        1.92 
1.63        1.80        1.98 
131.50  340.00   868.00 

ETES    AT    INTEREST. 
Interest. 
Simple.Comp'd. 
Rate.       Years.     Years. 
4%  22.22       15.75 
5  20.00       14.21 
5%  18.18       12.94 
6  16.67       11.90 
6%  15.38       11.00 
7                14  °9       10  24 

COMPOUND    INTERES 

4%.       5%.       6%.       7%. 
1.04      1.05      1.06      1.07 
1.06      1.07      1.09      1.10 
1.08      1.10      1.12      1.14 
1.10      1.13      1.15      1.18 
1.12      1.15      1.19      1.22 
1.14      1.18      1.22      1.27 
1.17      1.21      1.26      1.31 
1.19      1.24      1.30      1.36 
1.21      1.28      1.34      1.41 
1.24      1.31      1.38      1.45 
1.26      1.34      1.42      1.51 
1.29      1.37      1.46      1.56 
1.31      1.41      1.51      1.61 
1.34      1.44      1.55      1.67 
1.37      1.48      1.60      1.73 
1.39      1.52      1.65      1.79 

T    ON    ONE    DOLLAR. 

Years.             3%.        4%. 
9  1.30     1.42 

9%... 

.    1.32      1.45 

2 

10   . 

1  34      1  4£ 

2%.... 

100  

WHEN 

Rate. 
1 

19.25   50.50 

MONEY    DOUI 
Interest. 
Bimple.Comp'd. 
Years.     Years. 
LOO.OO       69.66 
66.66      46.56 
50.00       35.00 
40.00       28.07 
33.33       23.45 
28.57       20.15 
25.00       17.67 

3%. 

4 

4%.  .. 

I?!; 

5%. 

6 

i*.  ... 
§:*:  ::: 

3%.    ... 

6%... 

7*. 

7% 

8^::: 

8%... 

1.28 

7%...    .    13.33         9.58 

LANGUAGES    OF 

According-  to  Whitaker's  Almanack  the  prin- 
cipal European  languages  are  divided  as  fol- 
lows: 

English...  160,000.000  ,  Spanish  ..  50.000.000 
German  ..110.000.000  Italian  ...  50.000.000 
Russian  ..100.000.000  I  Portuguese  25.000,000 
French  ...  70,000.000  I 

Swedish  is  spoken  by  5,500.000  persons: 
Norwegian  and  Danish  by  6,000,000;  Serbo- I 


THE    WORLD. 

Croatian  by  8.000.000:  Bohemian  or  Czech  by 
7,000.000;  Bulgarian  by  5.600.000;  Dutch  by 
3.500.000;  Polish  by  16.000.000:  Greek  by 
9.000.000  and  Flemish  by  3.500,000.  Chinese 
is  spoken  by  some  400,000.000  people  if  all 
the  various  dialects  are  included,  Japanese  by 
53.000,000  and  Hindustani  by  about  100.000.- 
000.  There  are  about  5.000  different  lan- 
g-uag-es  spoken  in  the  world. 


126 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


DAYS    OF    GRACE,    INTEREST    AND     STATUTE    OF    LIMITATIONS. 


STATE. 

Days  of 
grace. 

INTEREST. 

LIMITATIONS. 

STATE. 

o& 
K 

INTEREST. 

LIMITATIONS. 

-* 

]3f! 

1 

§1 

>> 

M 

a 

^ 
|a 

w 

2 

o 

fc 

3 

0 
| 

< 

$ 

73  a 
UM 

3 

AS 

81 

M 

3 

faS 
fl 

>-5 

I 

fc 

1 

Alabama  

Yes 
Yes 

Yes 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 

NO 

No 
Yes* 
No 
Yes* 
No 
No 
Yes 
No 

*-if- 

8 
6 
6 

I 

6 

6 
6 

8 
7 
7 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
6 
6 
b 
5 
7 
6 
6 

P.ct. 
8 
12 
10 
12 
Any 
Any 
6 
6 
10 

1 

12 

7 
8 
8 

1 

8 
Any 
6 
Any 

i 

8 

Yrs. 
20 
10 
10 
5 

£ 
"ifr- 
8 

7 
6 
20 
20 
20 
5 
15 
10 
20 
12 
20 
10 
10 
7 
10 

Yrs. 

1 

ON 

5 
4 
4 
6 
...§.. 
6 
3 
5 
6 
5 
10 
10 

1 

15 
5 
6 
3 
6 
6 
6 
6 
10 

Yrs. 

1 
3 
3 
4 
6 
6 

1 

4 
4 
5 
6 
5 
3 
5 
3 
6 
3 
6 
6 
6 

a 

5 

Montana  

No 
No 
No 
No* 
No 

YNeo8 
Yes* 
No 
No 
Yes 
Yes 
No 
Yes* 
Yes* 
Yes 
No 
Yes 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 

P.ct. 

8 

7 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

7 
6 
6 
8 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
8 

P.ct. 
Any 
10 
Any 

6 
12 
6 
6 
12 
8 
10 
10 
6 

t 

6 
10 
12 
6 
6 
12 

Yrs. 
10 
5 
6 
20 
20 
7 
20 
10 
10 
15 

it 

5 
20 
10 
20 

g 

8 
8 
20 
6 
10 
20 
21 

Yrs. 
8 
5 
4 
6 
6 
6 

i 

15 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
4 
6 
6 
5 
6 
10 
6 
5 

Yra. 
5 
4 
4 
6 
6 
4 
6 

6 
3 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
2 

j 

6 
6 

8 

Alaska  

Nebraska  
Nevada  

New  Hampshire.. 
New  Jersey  

California    ... 

Colorado   

New  Mexico  
New  York  
North  Carolina... 
North  Dakota  
Ohio  

Connecticut  
Delaware  

Dist.  of  Columbia. 
Florida 

Georgia  
Idaho  

Oklahoma  
Oregon  

Illinois  

Pennsylvania  — 
Rhode  Island.... 
South  Carolina... 
South  Dakota  
Tennessee.  
Texas  

Indiana  

Kentucky  

Maine  
Maryland  
Massachusetts  — 
Michigan  

Utah  

Vermont  
Virginia  
Washington  
West  Virginia... 
Wisconsin  
Wyoming  

Missouri  

*Sight,  yes;  demand,  no.    t  Under  seal  10.     JNo  law.     §Negotiable  notes  6,  nonnegotiable  17. 

TABLE    OF    MONTHLY    WAGES. 


DAYS. 

$10 

$11 

$12 

$13 

$14 

$15 

$16 

$17 

$18 

$19 

$20 

$21 

$22 

$23 

$24 

$25 

1  
2  

.38 
.77 
1.15 
1.54 
1.92 
2.31 
2.69 
3.08 
3.46 
3.85 
4.23 
4.62 
5.00 
5.38 
5.77 
6.15 

S3 

7.31 
7.69 
8.08 
8.46 
8.85 
9.23 
9.62 

.42 
.85 
1.27 
1.69 
2.12 
2.54 
2.96 
3.38 
3.81 
4.23 
4.65 
5.08 
5.50 
5.92 
6.35 
6.77 
7.19 
7.62 
8.04 
8.46 
8.88 
9.31 
9.73 
10.15 
10.58 

.46 
.92 
1.38 
1.85 
2.31 
2.77 
3.23 
3.C.9 
4.15 
4.62 
5.08 
5.44 
6.00 
6.46 
6.92 
7.38 
7.85 
8.31 
8.77 
9.23 
9.  69 
10.15 
10.02 
11.08 

n.54 

.50 
1.00 
1.50 
2.00 
2.50 
3.00 
3.50 
4.00 
4.50 
5.00 
5.50 
6.00 
6.50 
7.00 
7.50 
8.00 
8.50 
9.00 
9.50 
10.00 
10.50 

n.oo 

11.50 
12.00 
12.50 

.54 
1.08 
1.62 
2.15 

2.69 
8.23 
3.77 
4.31 
4.85 
5.38 
5.92 
6.46 
7.00 
7.54 
8.08 
8.62 
9.15 
9.69 
10.  23 
10.77 
11.31 
11.  bi 
12.38 
12.92 
13.46 

i:Si 

1.73 
2.31 
2.88 
3.46 
4.04 
4.62 
5.19 
5.77 
6.35 
6.92 
7.50 
8.08 
8.65 
9:23 
9.81 

10.:>8 

10.96 
11.54 
12.12 
12  09 
13.27 
13.85 
14.42 

.62 
1.23 
1.85 
2.46 
3.08 
3.69 
4.31 
4.92 
5.54 
6.15 
6.77 
7.38 
8.00 
8.62 
9.23 
9.85 
10.4(1 
11.08 
11.69 
12.31 
12.92 
13.54 
14.15 
14.77 
15.38 

.65 
1.31 
1.96 
2.62 
3.27 
3.92 
4.58 
5.23 
5.  88 
6.54 
7.19 
7.85 
8.50 
9.15 
9.81 
10.16 
11.12 
11.77 
12.42 
13.03 
13.73 
14.38 
15.04 
15.69 
16.35 

.69 
1.38 
2.08 
2.77 
3.46 
4.15 
4.85 
5.54 
6.23 
6.92 
7.62 
8.31 
9.00 
9.69 
10.38 
11.08 
11.77 
12.46 
13.15 

l:;.S5 

14.54 
15.23 
15.92 
16.62 
17.31 

.73 
1.46 
2.19 

2.92 
3.65 
4.38 
5.12 

5.85 
6.58 
7.31 
8.04 
8.77 
9.50 
10.23 
10.96 
11.69 
12.42 
13.15 
13.88 
14.62 
15.35 
16.08 
16.81 
17.54 
18.27 

.'<  i 
1.54 
2.31 
3.08 
3.85 
4.B2 
5.38 
6.15 
6.92 
7.69 
8.46 
9.23 
10.00 
10.77 
11.54 
12.31 
13.08 
13.8.-> 
14.62 
15.38 
16.15 
16.94 
17.69 
18.46 
19.23 

.81 
1.62 
2.42 
3.23 
4.04 
4.85 
5.65 
6.46 
7.27 
8.08 
8.88 
9.69 
10.50 
11.31 
12.12 
12.92 
13.73 
14.54 
15.35 
16.15 
16.96 
17.77 
18.58 
19.38 
20.19 

.85 
1.69 
2.54 
3.38 
4.23 
5.08 
5.92 
6.77 
7.62 
8.46 
9.31 
10.15 
11.00 
11.85 
12.69 
13.54 
14.38 
15.23 
16.08 
16.92 
17.77 
18.02 
19.46 
20.31 
21.15 

.88 
1.77 
2.65 
3.54 
4.42 
5.31 
6.19 
7.08 
7.96 
8.85 
9.73 
10.62 
11.50 
12.38 
13.27 
14.15 
15.04 
15.92 
10.  SI 
17.69 
18.58 
19.46 
20.35 
21.23 
22.12 

.92 
I.fc5 

2.77 
3.69 
4.62 
5.54 
6.46 
7.38 
8.31 
9.23 
10.15 
11.08 
12.00 
12.92 
13.8ft 
14.  T, 
15.69 
16.62 
17.54 
18.46 
19.38 
20.31 
21.23 
22.15 
23.08 

.96 
1.92 
2.88 
3.85 
4.81 
5.77 
6.73 
7.69 

10'.58 
11.54 
12.50 
13.46 
14.42 
15.38 
16.35 
17.31 
18.27 
19.23 
20.19 
21.15 
22.12 
23.08 
24.04 

3  

4...,          

5  
6  
7               

8  

9  

10.... 

11 

12 

13            

it:::::::::::::: 

16.... 

17  

18 

19.   .. 

20 

21... 

'22..   . 

23 

24  
25  

TABLE     OF     YEARLY     WAGES. 


Per 
year. 

Per 
month. 

Per 

week. 

Per 
day. 

Per 
year. 

Per 
month. 

Per 
week. 

Per 
day. 

Per 
year. 

Per 
month. 

Per 
week. 

Per 
day. 

$20  is 
25 

$1  67 
2.08 

$0.38 
.48 

$0.05 
.07 

$100  is 
105 

$8.33 
8.75 

$1.92 
2.01 

$0.27 
.29 

$180  is 
185 

$15.00' 
15.42 

$3.45 
3.55 

$0.49 
.51 

30 

250 

.58 

.08 

110 

9.17 

2.11 

.30 

190 

15.83 

3.64 

.52 

2.92 

.67 

.10 

115 

9.58 

2.21 

.32 

195 

16.25 

3.74 

.53 

3.33 

.77 

.11 

120 

10.00 

2.30 

.33 

200 

16.57 

3.84 

.55 

3.V5 

.86 

.12 

125 

10.42 

2.40 

.34 

205 

17.08 

3.93 

50 

4.17 

.96 

.14 

130 

10.83 

2.49 

.36 

210 

17.50 

.03 

"  CO 

55 

4.58 

1.06 

.15 

135 

11.25 

2.59 

.37 

215 

17.92 

12 

'  CQ 

60    - 

5.00 

.15 

.16 

140 

11.67 

2.69 

.38 

220 

18.33 

.22 

.60 

65 

5.42 

.25 

.18 

145 

12.08 

2.78 

.40 

225 

18.75 

<    SI 

.62 

70 

5.83 

.34 

.19 

150 

12.50 

2.88 

.41 

230 

19.17 

*41 

.63 

75 

6.25 

.44 

.21 

155 

12.92 

2.9V 

.42 

235 

19.58 

!51 

.64 

80 

6.67 

.53 

.22 

160 

13.33 

3.07 

.44 

240 

20.00 

.60 

.66 

85 
90 

(M 

.63 

.23 
.25 

165 
170 

13.75 

14.17 

3.16 
3.26 

.45 
.47 

245 
250 

20.42 
20.83 

.70 

.79 

.67 
.69 

95 

7.92 

.26 

175 

14.58 

3.30 

.48 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


127 


ACCUMULATION  OF  ANNUITY  OF  $1  AT  COMPOUND  INTEREST. 

Tr, 

2%% 
1.00000 

3% 
1.00000 

3%% 
1.00000 

4% 
1.00000 

4%% 
1.00000 

6% 
1.00000 

67o 
1.00000 

2... 

..  2.02500 

2.03000 

2.03500 

2.04000 

2.04500 

§.05000 

2.06000 

3  

..  3.07563 

3.09090 

3.10623 

3.12160 

3.13703 

.15250 

3.18360 

4... 

4.15252 

4.18363 

4.21494 

4.24646 

4.27819 

4.31013 

4.37462 

5.. 

..  5.25633 

5.30914 

5.36247 

5.41632 

5.47071 

5.52563 

5  63709 

6... 

6.38774 

6.46841 

6.55015 

6.63298 

6.71689 

6.80191 

6.97532 

7  

..  7.54743 

7.66246 

7.77941 

7.89829 

8.01915 

8.14201 

8.39384 

8  

..  8.73612 

8.89234 

9.05169 

9.21423 

9.38001 

9.54911 

9.89747 

9  

9.95452 

10.15911 

10.36850 

10.58280 

10.80211 

11.02656 

11.49132 

10  

...11.20338 

11.46388 

11.73139 

12.00611 

12  °88°1 

12.57789 

13.18079 

11  

12.48347 

12.80780 

13.14199 

13.48635 

13.'84118 

14.20679 

14.97164 

12... 

13.79555 

14.19203 

14.60196 

15.02581 

15.46403 

15.91713 

16.86994 

13  

...15.14044 

15.61779 

16.11303 

16.62684 

17.15991 

17.71298 

18.88214 

14  

..16.51895 

17.08632 

17.67699 

18.29191 

18.93211 

19.59863 

21.01507 

15  

...17.93193 

18.59891 

19.29568 

20.02359 

20.78405 

21.57856 

23.27597 

16... 

19.38022 

20.15688 

20.97130 

21.82453 

22.71934 

23.65749 

25.67253 

17... 

20.86473 

21.76159 

22.70502 

23.69751 

24.74171 

25.84037 

28.21288 

18  

...22.38635 

23.41444 

24.49969 

25.64541 

26.85508 

28.13238 

30.90565 

19  

23.94601 

25.11687 

26.35718 

27.67123 

29.06356 

30.53900 

33.75999 

20  

...25.54466 

26.87037 

28.27968 

29.77808 

31.37142 

33.06595 

36.78559 

21... 

27.18327 

28.67649 

30.26947 

31.96920 

33.78314 

35.71925 

39.99273 

22 

......28.86286 

30.53678 

32.32890 

34.24797 

36.30338  . 

38.50521 

43.39229 

23... 

30.58443 

32.45288 

34.46041 

36.61789 

38.93703 

41.43048 

46.99583 

24  

32.34904 

34.42647 

36.66653 

39.08260 

41.68920 

44.50200 

50.81558 

25  

...34.15776 

36.45926 

38.94986 

41.64591 

44.56521 

47.72710 

54.86451 

26. 

36.01171 

38.55304 

41.31310 

44.31174 

47.57064 

51.11345 

59.15638 

27... 

37.91200 

40.70963 

43.75906 

47.08421 

50.71132 

54.66913 

63.70577 

28  

39.85980 

42.93092 

46.29063 

49.96758 

53.99333 

58.40258 

68.52811 

29... 

41.85630 

45.21885 

48.91080 

52.96629 

57.42303 

62.32271 

73.63980 

30... 

...43.90270 

47.57542 

51.62268 

56.08494 

61.00707 

66.43885 

79.05819 

31  

46.00027 

50.00268 

54.42947 

59.32834 

64.75239 

70.76079 

84.80168 

32  

...48.15028 

52.50276 

57.33450 

62.70147 

68.66625 

75.29883 

90.88978 

33.. 

50.35403 

55.07784 

60.34121 

66.20953 

72.75623 

80.06377 

97.34316 

34... 

52.61289 

57.73018 

63.45315 

69.85791 

77.03026 

85.06696 

104.18375 

35 

54.92821 

60.46208 

66.67401 

73.65222 

81.49662 

90.32031 

111.43478 

36... 

57.30141 

63.27594 

70.00760 

77.59831 

86.16397 

95.83632 

119.12087 

37... 

59.73395 

66.17422 

73.45787 

81  70225 

91.04134 

101.62814 

127.26812 

38  

62.22730 

69.15945 

77.02889 

85.97034 

96.13820 

107.70955 

135.90421 

39... 

64.78298 

72.23423 

80.72491 

90.40915 

101.46442 

114.09502 

145,05846 

40  

67.40256 

75.40126 

84.55028 

95.02552 

107.03032 

120,79977 

154.76197 

41... 

...70.08762 

78.66330 

88.50954 

99.82654 

112.84669 

127.83976 

165.04768 

42 

72.83981 

82.02320 

92.60737 

104.81960 

118.92479 

135.23175 

175.95054 

43... 

...75.66081 

85.48389 

96.84863 

110.01238 

125.27640 

142.99334 

187.50758 

44.. 

78.55232 

89.04841 

101.23833 

115.41288 

131.91384 

151.14301 

199.75803 

45  

...81.51613 

92.71986 

105.78167 

121.02939 

138.84997 

159.70016 

212.74351 

46  

84.55403 

96.50146 

110.48403 

126.87057 

146.09821 

168.68516 

226.50812 

47  

87.66789 

100.39650 

115.35097 

132.94539 

153.67263 

178.11942 

241.09861 

48  

90.85958 

104.40840 

120.38826 

139.26321 

161.58790 

188.02539 

256.56453 

49  

94.13107 

108.54065 

125.60185 

145.83373 

169.85936 

198.42666 

272.95840 

50  

97.48435 

112.79687 

130.99791 

152.66708 

178.50303  - 

209.34800 

290.33590 

PRESENT  VALUE  OF 

AN  ANNUITY  OF  $1. 

Yrs. 

2%% 

3% 

3%% 

4% 

4%% 

5% 

6% 

1 

^  0.97561 

0.97087 

0.96618 

0.96154 

0.95694 

0.95238 

0.94340 

o 

;T  1.92742 

1.91347 

1.89969 

1.88609 

1.87267 

1.85941 

1.83339 

3  

2.85602 

§.82861 

2.80164 

2.77509 

2.74896 

2  72325 

2.67301 

4  

...  3.76197 

3.71710 

3.67308 

3.62990 

3.58753 

3.54595 

3.46511 

5... 

..  4.64583 

4.57971 

4.51505 

.  4.45182 

4.38998 

4.32948 

4.21236 

6  

5.50813 

5.41719 

5.32855 

5.24214 

5.15787 

5.07569 

4.91732 

7... 

..  6.34939 

6.23028 

6.11454 

6.00205 

5.89270 

5.78637 

5.58238 

8  

7.17014 

7.01969 

6.87396 

6.73274 

6.59589 

6.46321 

6.20979 

9  

7.97087 

7.78611 

7.60769 

7.43533 

7.26879 

7.10782 

6.80169 

10 

8.75206 

8.53020 

8.31661 

8.11090 

7.91272 

7.72173 

7.36009 

11  

9.51421 

9.25262 

9.00155 

8.76048 

8.52892 

8.30641 

7.88687 

12 

10.25776 

9.95400 

9.66333 

9.38507 

9.11858 

8.86325 

8.38384 

13  

10.98319 

10.63496 

10.30274 

9.98565 

9.68285 

9.39357 

8.85268 

14... 

11.69091 

11.29607 

10.92052 

10.56312 

10.22283 

9.89864 

9.29498 

15... 

12.38138 

11.93794 

11.51741 

11.11839 

10.73955 

10.37966 

9.71225 

16. 

13.05500 

12.56110 

12  09412 

11.65230 

11.23402 

10.83777 

10.10590 

17. 

..13.71°20 

13  J  6612 

12.65132 

12.16567 

11.70719 

11.27407 

10.47726 

18  

1435336 

13.75351 

13.18968 

12.65930 

12.15999 

11.68959 

10.82760 

19  

14.97889 

14.32380 

13.70984 

13.13394 

12.59329 

12.08532 

11.15812 

20. 

15.58916 

14.87747 

14.21240 

13.59033 

13.00794 

12.46221 

11.46992 

21... 

16.18455 

15.41502 

14.69797 

14.02916 

13.J0472 

12.82115 

11.76408 

22 

16.76541 

15.93092 

15.16712 

14.45112 

13.78442 

13.16300 

12.04158 

23... 

17.3.3211 

16.44361 

15.  62  041 

14.85684 

14.14777 

13.48857 

12.30338 

24  

17.88499 

16.93554 

16.05837 

15.24696 

14.49548 

13.79864 

12.55036 

25.... 

18.42438 

17.41215 

16  48151 

15.62208 

14.82821 

14.09394 

12.78336 

26  

18.95061 

17.S7684 

16.89035 

15.98277 

15.14661 

14.37519 

13.00317 

27. 

39.46401 

18.32703 

17.28536 

16!.32959 

15.45130 

14.64303 

13.21053 

28  

...in.nfi.iso 

18.76411 

17  66702 

16  66306 

15  74287 

14.89813 

13.<iOfl16 

29  

20.45355 

19.18845 

18  03577 

16.98371 

16.02189 

15.14107 

13.59072 

30  

20.93029 

19.60044 

18.39205 

17.29203 

16.28889 

15,37245 

13.76483 

31,, 

21.39541 

20.00043 

18.73628 

17.58849 

16.54439 

15.59281 

13.92909 

128 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Yrs.          2%%  3%  3%% 

32 21.84918  20.38877  19.06887 

33 22.29188  20.76579  19.39021 

34 22.72379  21.13184  19.70068 

35 23.14516  21.48722  20.00066 

36 23.55625  21.83225  20.29049 

37 23.95732  22.16724  20.57053 

38 24.34860  22.49246  20.84109 

39 24.73034  22.80822  21.10250 

40 25.10278  23.11477  21.35507 

41 25.46612  23.41240  21.59910 

42 25.82061  23.70136  21.83488 

43 26.16645  23.98190  22.06269 

44 26.50385  24.25427  22.28279 

45 26.83302  24.51871  22.49545 

46 27.15417  24.77545  22.70092 

47 27.46748  25.02471  22.89944 

48 27.77315  25.26671  23.09124 

49 28.07137  25.50166  23.27656 

50 28.36231  25.72976  23.45562 

55 29.71398  26.77443  24.26405 

60 30.90866  27.67556  24.94473 

65 31.96458  28.45289  25.51785 

70 32.89786  29.12342  26.00040 

75 33.72274  29.70183  26.40669 

80 34.45182  30.20076  26.74878 

85 35.09621  30.63115  27.03680 

ANNUITY  WHICH  $1  WILL 

Yrs.           2%%  3%  3V2% 

1 1.02500  1.03000  1.03500 

2...           .51883  .52261  .52640 

3 35014  .35353  .35693 

4 26582  .26903  .27225 

5 21525  .21835  .22148 

6 18155  .18470  .18767 

7...           .15760  .16051  .16354 

8 13947  .14246  .14548 

9...          .12546  .12843  .13145 

10 11426  .11723  .12024 

11...          .10511  .10808  .11109 

12 Q9749  .10046  .10348 

13 09105  .09403  .09706 

14...           .08554  .08853  .09157 

15 08077  .08377  .08683 

16...          .07670  .07961  .08268 

17 07293  .07595  .07904 

18...           .06967  .07271  .07582 

19...           .06676  .06981  .07294 

20...           .06415  .06722  .07036 

21...           .06179  .06487  .06804 

22 05965  .06275  .06593 

23...           .05780  .06081  .06402 

24 05591  .05905  .06227 

25...           .05428  .05743  .06067 

26...           .05277  .05594  .05921 

27 05138  .05456  .05785 

28...           .05009  .05329  .05660 

29...           ,0i889  .05211  .05545 

30...           .04778  .05102  .05437 

31...           .04674  .05010  .05337 

32 .01577  .04905  .05244 

33...           .0-4486  .04816  .05157 

34...           04401  .04732  .05076 

35...           .04321  .04654  .05010 

36...           .04245  .04580  .04928 

37.            04174  .04511  .04861 

38...           .04107  .04446  .04798 

39...           03044  .04384  .04739 

40 03984  .04326  .04683 

41 03927  .04271  .04640 

42...           .03873  .04219  .04590 

43 03822  .04180  .04533 

44 03773  .04123  .04488 

45...           .03727  .04079  .04445 

46 03683  .04036  .04405 

47...           .03641  .03996  .04367 

48...           .03601  .03958  .04331 

49 03562  .03921  .04296 

60 03526  .03887  .04263 

55...           .03365  .03735  .04121 

60 03225  .03613  .04009 

65 03128  .03515  .03919 

70 03040  .03434  .03846 

75 02965  .03367  .03787 

80....          .02903  .03311  .03738 


4% 

17.87355 
18.14765 
18.41120 
18.66461 
18.90828 
19.14258 
19.36786 
19.58448 
19.79277 
19.99305 
20.18563 
20.37079 
20.54884 
20.72004 
20.88465 
21.04294 
21.19513 
21.34147 
21.48218 
22.10861 
22.62349 
23.04668 
23.39451 
23.68041 
23.91539 
24.10853 


BUY  FOR 

4% 

1.04000 
.53030 
.36035 
.27549 
.22463 
.19076 
.16661 
.14853 
.13449 
42329 
.11415 
.10655 
.10014 
.09467 
.08994 
.08582 
.08230 
.07899 
.07614 
.07358 
.07128 
.06930 
.06731 
.06559 
.06401 
.06257 
.06124 
.06001 
.05888 
.05783 
.05686 
.05595 
v  .05510 
X.05431 
.05358 
.05289 
.05224 
.05163 
.05106 
.05052 
.05002 
.04954 
.04909 
.04866 
.04826 
.04788 
.04752 
.04718 
.04686 
.04655 
.04523 
.04420 
.04339 
.04275 
.04223 
.04181 


16.78889 
17.02286 
17.24676 
17.46101 
17.66604 
17.86224 
18.04999 
18.22966 
18.40158 
18.56611 
18.72355 
18.87421 
19.01838 
19.15635 
19.28837 
19.41471 
19.53561 
19.65130 
19.76201 
20.24802 
20.63802 
20.95098 
21.20211 
21.40363 
21.56534 
21.69511 


15.80268 
16.00255 
16.19290 
16.37419 
16.54685 
16.71129 
16.86789 
17.01704 
17.15909 
17.29437 
17.42321 
17.54591 
17.6627.7 
17.77407 
17.88007 
17.98102 
18.07716 
18.16872 
18.25593 
18.63447 
18.92929 
19.16107 
19.34268 
19.48497 
19.59646 
19.68382 


YEARS  GIVEN. 


4%% 
1.04500 
.53410 
.36377 
.27874 
.22779 
.19388 
.16970 
.15161 
.13757 
.12638 
.11725 
.10967 
.10328 
.09782 
.09311 
.08902 
.08542 
.08224 
.07941 
.07688 
.07460 
.07255 
.07068 
.06899 
.06744 
.06602 
.06472 
.06352 
.06241 
.06139 
.06044 
.05956 
.05874 
.05798 
.05727 
.05661 
.05598 
.05540 
.05486 
.05434 
.05386 
.05341 
.05298 
.05258 
.05220 
.05184 
.05151 
.05119 
.05089 
.05060 
.04939 
.04845 
.04773 
.04717 
.04672 
.04637 


5% 

1.05000 
.53780 
.36721 
.28201 
.23097 
.19702 
.17282 
.15472 
.14069 
.13950 
.12039 
.11283 
.10646 
.10102 
.09634 
.09227 
.08880 
.08555 
.08275 
.08024 
.07810 
.07597 
.07414 
.07247 
.07095 
.06956 
.06829 
.06712 
.06605 
.06505 
.06413 
.06328 
.06249 
.06176 
.06107 
.06043 
.05984 
.05928 
.05876 
.05828 
.05782 
.05739 
.05699 
.05662 
.05626 
.05593 
.05561 
.05532 
.05504 
.05478 
.05367 
.05283 
.05219 
.05170 
.05132 
.05103 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


129 


TVEIGHTS    OF    DIAMONDS 

The  weight  of  diamonds  and  other  precious 
stones  is  expressed  in  metric  carats.  The  unit 
is  the  international  carat  of  200  milligrams, 
which  has  been  officially  adopted  by  the 
United  States  and  most  of  the  countries  in 
Europe.  Until  July  1.  1913.  there  were  three 
different  standards  in  use  in  the  United  States, 
although  the  one  generally  accepted  was  205.3 
milligrams.  This  was  usually  subdivided  on 
the  binary  system,  the  smallest  subdivision 
being-  1-64  of  the  carat.  The  new  carat  is 
subdivided  on  the  decimal  system. 

Equivalents  of  old  carats  in  new  metric  carats : 


AND  FINENESS  OF  GOLD. 

New  metric.  I  Old  carat.    New  metric 

000  ..........  1-02S-60 


Old  carat.    New  metric. 

1-64 0.02 

1-32 0.03 

1-16 0.06 

% 0.13 

% 0.26 

% 0.51 

1 1.03 

2 2.05 

3 3.08 

4 4.11 

5...                          .  5.13 


Old  carat.    New  metric. 

6 6.16 

7...  7.19 

8 8.21 

9 9.24 

10 10.26 

25 25.66 

50 51.32 

75 76.99 

100 102.65 

200 205.30 

300...                ..  307.95 


Equivalents  of  new  metric  carats  in  old  carats: 


New  carat.      Old  carat. 


New  carat. 


Old  carat. 
19  31-64 
24  23-64 
48  45-64 
73  4-64 


100 9727-64 


1 62-64  20 

2 161-64  25... 

3 259-64  50 

4 357-64  75 

5 456-64 

6 554-64  200 19454-64 

7 652-64  300 29216-64 

8 751-64  400 38943-64 

9 849-64  500 487    6-64 

iEV:H:i  JttarM* 97412-8* 

The  fineness  of  gold  is  also  expressed  in 
carats.  Pure  gold  is  said  to  be  twenty-four 
carats  fine.  If  it  contains  eight  parts  of  a 
baser  metal  or  alloy  it  is  only  sixteen  carats 
fine.  The  carats  therefore  indicate  the  pro- 
portion of  pure  gold  to  alloy.  Most  of  the  gold 
used  by  jewelers  is  about  fourteen  carats  fine, 
having  ten  parts  of  alloy. 


THE   WORLD'S   MOST   FAMOUS   DIAMONDS. 


Name.  Carats. 

Cullinan  3.025 

D'Angleterre    (blue).      44% 

Etoile  Polaire 40 

Etoile  du  Sud 124 

GrandDucdeToscane  133.16 

Great    Mogul 2793-16 


Name.  Carats. 

Imperatrice    Eugenie. .    51 
Kohinoor  (1st  cutt'g).279 
Kohinoor  (2d  cutti'g)  .106  1-16 
Loterie    d'Angleterre..  49 

Nassak    78% 

Orloff  194% 


.     Name.  Carats. 

Pacha  d'Egypt 40 

Regent   136% 

Sancy 53% 

Shah   86 

Tiffany    969 

Tiffany    (yellow) 125 


ABBREVIATIONS     OF 

Following  is  a  list  of  some  of  the  more  com- 
mon abbreviations  used  after  the  names  of  per- 
sons to  designate  title,  rank,  degree,  member- 
ship in  societies,  orders  or  public  bodies,  etc.: 

A.  R.  A.— Associate  of  the  Royal  Academy. 

B.  A. — Bachelor  of  Arts. 
B.  D.— Bachelor  of  Divinity. 

B.  Sc. — Bachelor  of  Science. 

C.  B. — Companion  of  the  Bath. 
C.  E.— Civil  Engineer. 

C.  I.  E.— Companion  of  Order  of  Indian  Empire. 
C.J.— Chief  Justice. 

C.  M.  G. — Companion    of   Order    of    St.    Michael 
and  St.  George. 

C.  V.  O.— Companion  of  Victorian  Order. 

D.  D.— Doctor  of  Divinity. 
D.  Sc. — Doctor  of  Science. 

D.  S.  O. — Distinguished  Service  Order. 

F.  R.  G  S. — Fellow    of   the   Royal   Geographical 

Society. 

F.  R.  S.— Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society. 
J.  P.— Justice  of  the  Peace. 
K.  C. — King's  Counsel. 
K.  C.  B. — Knight  Commander  of  the  Bath. 

BURIAL    PLACES 

George  Washington— Mount  Vernon.  Va. 

John  Adams — Quincv.  Mass. 

Thomas  Jefferson— Monticello.  Va. 

James  Madison — Montpelier.  Va. 

James  Monroe — Richmond.    Va. 

John  Quincy  Adams— Quincy,  Mass. 

Andrew  Jackson — Hermitage,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Martin  Van  Buren— Kinderhook.  N.  Y. 

William   Henry   Harrison— North   Bend.   O. 

John  Tyler — Richmond,  Va. 

James  Knox  Polk— Nsuiliville.  Tenn. 

Zachary  Taylor — Springfield,  Ky. 

ROMAN  AND  ARABIC  NUMERALS. 


TITLES,     DEGREES,     ETC. 

K.  C.  M.  G.— Knight  Commander  of  Order  of  St 
Michael  and  St.  George. 

K.  C.  V.  O.— Knight  Commander  of  the  Victoriaa 
Order. 

K.  G.— Knight  of  the  Garter. 

L.  H.  D.— Doctor  of  Humanities. 

LL.  B. — Bachelor  of  Laws. 

LL.  D. — Doctor  of  Laws. 

Litt.  D.— Doctor  of  Literature. 

M.  A.— Master  of  Arts. 

M.  C. — Member  of  Congress 

M.  D.— Doctor  of  Medicine. 

M.  P.— Member   of   Parliament. 

M.  V.  O.— Member  of  the  Victorian  Order. 

.N.A. — National  Academician. 

O.  M.— Order  of  Merit. 

P.  C.— Privy   Councilor. 

Ph.  D.— Doctor  of  Philosophy. 

R.  A. — Royal  Academician. 

S.  J— Society  of  Jesus. 

S.  T.  D.— Doctor  of  Sacred  Theology. 
I  U.  S.  A.— United  States  Army. 

U.  S.  N.— United  States  Navy. 
!  V.C.— Victoria  Cross. 

OF    PRESIDENTS. 

Millard  Fillmore— Buffalo.  N.  Y 
Franklin  Pierce— Concord.  N.  H. 
James  Buchanan— Lancaster.  Pa 
Abraham  Lincoln— Springfield,  111. 
Ulysses  S.  Grant— New  York.  N.  Y 
Rutherford  B.  HP  yes— Fremont    O 
James  A.  Garfield— Cleveland    O 
Chester  A.  Arthur— Albnny.  N    Y 
Benjamin  Harrison— Indianapolis.    Ind. 
William  McKinley— Canton.  O. 
Grover  Cleveland— Princeton.  N.  J. 
Theodore  Roosevelt— Oyster  Bay.  N.  Y. 

THE    PULSE    AT    DIFFERENT    AGES. 

Newborn  infants,   per  minute 130  to  140 

First  year,   per  minute 115  to  130 

Second  year,  per  minute 95  to  110 

Third  year,  per  minute 85  to    95 

Seventh  to  fourteenth  year,  per  min.  80  to    90 

-,—    -  -- 1910    In  adult  age,  per  minute 70  to    75 

8     MCMXX ...  1920  In  old  age.  per  minute 60  to    75 


I 

i 

TX 

9 

II 

cy 

x 

10 

in  . 

«^ 

50 

rv 

4 

c 

100 

v.  . 

..   5 

D  .. 

..    500 

VI  .. 

6 

M 

1000 

vn.  . 

..    7 

..1910 

130 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


HIGHEST    AND    LOWEST    POINTS    IN     THE    WORLD. 

CONTINENTAL    ALTITUDES. 


In  order  to  compare  the  elevations  in  the 
United  States  with  those  in  foreign  countries 
the  following  list  is  given,  but  many  ol  the 


figures,  showing-  feet  above  and  below  eea 
level,  must  be  considered  as  approximate 
only: 


Aoovft  «"a  Below  sea 

Continent.  Highest  point.  level  (ft.).    Lowest  point.  level  (ft.) 

North   America .  Mount  McKinley.  Alaska 20,300.  .Death  valley.  California  27ft* 

South   America .  Mount  Aconcagua,  Chile-Argentina.23,080..Sea  level V.*.'.".'. 

Europe  Mont  Blanc.  Prance 15, 782.. Caspian  sea,   Russia ".!      *  *86 

Asia    Mount  Everest.  India-China 29, 002.. Dead  sea,  Palestine..  1290 

Africa     Kibo  peak.  German  East  Africa 19,320.. Desert  of  Sahara...  '    '150 

Australia    Mount  Kosciusko.  New  South  Wales  7,328.. Lake  Torrens.  South  Australia      25 

HIGHEST    MOUNTAINS. 


Mountain. 


Feet.  I  Mountain. 


Feet. 


Mt.  Everest...  29,002 
Godwin  -  Aus- 
ten .........  28,280 

Kunchinginga.28,156 
Gusherbrum  .26,378 
Dhawalagiri  .  .  26,826 


Mountain. 
Mercedario 
Huascaran 
Anconhuma 

Feet. 
..22,315 

..22.188 
.21  490 

Mountain.               Feet. 
Chimborazo  ..20.498 
Tupungato    ..20,286 
Haina                  20  171 

niampu    .  .  . 

.21,192 

San  Jose  20  020 

Huandoy    .  . 
Ulimani    ... 
Pamiri  .  . 

..20.847 
.21.030 
.,20.735 

North  America  — 
McKinley    ....20.300 

Kutha  Kangir.24.740 
Nanda  Devi.  .25,600 
Mustaghata  ..24.400 
Chumalari  ...23.946 

South  America- 
Aconcagua    ...23.080 
HIGH    MOUNTAINS   IN   THE   UNITED    STATES. 


Alaska—  Feet. 

Mt.  McKinley    20.300 

St.  Elias    18,026 

California— 

Mt.  Whitney 14,501 

Mt.  Williamson    14.384 

Mt.  Shasta   14,380 

Mt.  Russell   14.190 

Mt.Langley   14.042 

Mt.  Muir  14,025 

Mt.  Tyndall    14,025 

Mt.  Barnard 14.003 

Colorado — 

Mt.  Elbert    14,436 

Blanca    peak 14.390 

Mt.  Harvard    14.375 

Gray's  peak 14.341 


Feet. 

Mt.  Lincoln    14,297 

Uncompahgre  peak...  .14,289 


Long's  peak 14,271 

Mt.  Princeton    14,196 

Mt.Yale    .,  ...14.187 

Pike's  peak... 14.108 

Mt.  of  Holy  Cross. . . .  .14,006 

Spanish  peaks 13.620 

Idaho —  Feet. 

Hyndman  peak 12,078 

Montana — 

Granite  peak 12,850 

Mt.Wood 12.750 

Cold   mountain 12,610 

Mt.  Villa     12,200 

Mt.  Hague 12,100 

HIGHEST    POINT    IN    EACH    STATE   AND    TERRITORY. 
[From  table  compiled  by  the  United  States  geological  survey.] 


Feet. 

Snobank  Mt 12,000 

Oregon— Mt.  Hood 11,225 


Utah— King's  peak 13.49* 

Mt.  Emmons 13.428 

Gilbert  peak 13.422 

Mt.  Lovenia 13.250 

Tokewanna  peak 13.200 

Wilson    peak 13.095 

Washington — 

Mt.  Rainier    14,363 

Mt.  Adams  12.470 

Wyoming — 

Gannett    peak 13.785 

Grand  Teton 13,747 

Fremont    peak 13,730 

Cloud   peak 13.165 


State  and  place. 


Elevation. 


Alabama.  Che-aw-ha  mountain 2.407 

Alaska,  Mount  McKinley 20,300 

Arizona,  San  Francisco  peak 12.611 

Arkansas,  Magazine  and  Blue  mountains  2.800 

California,   Mount  Whitney 14,501 

Colorado.  Mounts  Elbert  and  Massive 14,402 

Connecticut,   Bear  mountain 2,355 

Delaware.  Centerville 440 

District  of  Columbia,  Tenley 420 

Florida,  Mount  Pleasant 301 

Georgia,  Brasstown  Bald  mountain 4,768 

Idaho,  Hyndman  peak 12,078 

Illinois,  Charles  mound,  Joe  Daviess  co..    1,241 

Indiana.  Carlos,  Randolph  county 1,210 

Iowa,  five  miles  southeast  of  Sibley 1,670 

Kansas,  west  boundary  north  of  Arkan- 
sas  river 4,135 

Kentucky,    Big  Black  mountain,   Harlan 

county    4,100 

Louisiana,  summits  in  western  parishes.       400 

Maine,  Mount  Katahdin   (west) 5,273 

Maryland.  Backbone  mountain 3,340 

Massachusetts,   Mount  Greylock 3.505  \ 

Michigan,    Porcupine    mountain 2,023 

Minnesota,  Mesabi  range,  St.  Louis  co.  .    1,920 

Mississippi.   Holly   Springs 600 

Missouri,  Tom  Sauk   mountain 1,750 

Montana.    Granite   peak 12,850 

Nebraska.   Banner  county 5.350 

Nevada.  Wheeler  peak 13.058 

New  Hampshire,  Mount  Washington 6,293 

New  Jersey,  High  Point 1,809 

New  Mexico,  North  Truchas  peak 13,306 

New  York.  Mount  Marcy 5.344 

North  Carolina.  Mount  Mitchell 6.711 

North  Dakota,  south  part  of  Bowman  co.  3.500 

Ohio.  Campbell's  hill.  Logan  county 1,550 

Oklahoma,  west  end  Cimarron  county.  .    4.750 

Oregon.  Mount  Hood 11.225 

Pennsylvania.    Blue  Knob 3.136 


State  and  place.  Elevation. 

Rhode  Island.  Durfee  hill 805 

South  Carolina.    Sassafras  mountain 3,548 

South  Dakota,   Harney  peak 7,242 


Tennessee,  Mount  Guyot... 


6.636 


Texas,  El  Capitan,  Guadaloupe  mountain  9.020 

Utah,  King's  peak 13,498 

Vermont.  Mount  Mansfield 4,364 

Virginia,  Mount  Rogers 5.719 

Washington,   Mount   Rainier 14.408 

West  Virginia.   Spruce  Knob 4,860 

Wisconsin.  Rib  hill.  Marathon  county...    1,940 

Wyoming.  Mount   Gannett 13.785 

Guam.  Mount  Jummulong  Mangloc 1,274 

Hawaii.  Mauna  Kea 13,823 

Philippines,  Mount  Apo 9,610 

Porto  Rico,  Luquillo  mountains 3,532 

AREAS  OF  OCEANS  AND  GREAT  LAKES. 

Oceans.  Sq.  miles.  I  Sq.  miles. 

Antarctic.    5.731,350     Great    Slave.  ...12  000 

Arctic    ...   4,781,000  I  Huron  23,800 

Atlantic.  .34,801,400  :  Michigan   22,450 


Pacific   ...67.699.610 
Lakes—  Baikal     13  000 

Ontario   7.240 
1  Superior                31  200 

Chad   50.000 
Erie  9,960 
Great  Bear         10,000 

Tanganyika    15.000 
Victoria  Nyanza.26.500 
Winnipeg    9,000 

AVERAGE  DEPTH   OF 

F«^t. 
Antarctic   10,800 
Arctic    5.160 
Atlantic                 12  200 

OCEANS  AND   SEAS. 

Feet. 
Caribbean   7.614 
China    402 
Japan                        7  320 

Indian    11.136 
Pacific                    12  960 

Mediterranean...    4.560 
Mexico    Gulf   of  4  632 

Baltic                            122 

North                            300 

Bering  900 
The  mean  depth   of  i 
is  estimated  to  be  fron 

Okhotsk    5,040 
ill  the  oceans  and  seas 
L  2  to  2%  miles. 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


131 


STATE    MOTTOES. 


Following-  are  the  mottoes  adopted  by  the 
various  states  of  the  union  and  appearing-  on 
their  state  seals  except  as  otherwise  noted: 

Alabama— Here  we  rest. 

Arizona— Ditat  Deus    (God  enriches). 

Arkansas — Regnant  populi  (The  people  rule) . 

California — Eureka  (I  have  found  it). 

Colorado— Nil  nisi  numine  (Nothing-  without 
Providence) . 

Connecticut  —  Qui  transtulit  sustinet  (Who 
transplanted  sustains) . 

Delaware — Liberty  and  independence. 

Florida — In  God  we  trust. 

Georgia— Wisdom,    justice,    moderation. 

Idaho — Esto  perpetua    (May  it  be  perpetual) . 

Illinois — State  sovereignty,  national  union. 

Indiana — (No  motto). 

Iowa — Our  liberties  we  prize  and  our  rights 
we  will  maintain. 

Kansas— Ad  astra  per  aspera  (To  the  stars 
through  difficulties). 

Kentucky— United  we  stand,  divided  we  fall. 

Louisiana — Union,  justice,  confidence. 

Maine — Dirigo    (I  direct). 

Maryland  — Fa  tti  maschii,  parole  femine 
(Deeds,  men;  words,  women). 

Massachusetts — Ense  petit  placidam  sub  lib- 
ertate  quietem  (By  the  sword  he  seeks  repose 
settled  under  liberty) . 

Michigan— Si  quseris  peninsulam  amcenam, 
circumspice  (If  you  seek  a  delightful  penin- 
sula, look  about  you) . 

Minnesota— L'etoile  du  nord  (Star  of  the 
north). 

Mississippi — (No  motto). 

Missouri — Salus  populi  suprema  lex  esto  (Let 
the  people's  safety  be  the  supreme  law). 

Montana— Oro  y  plata    (Gold  and  silver). 


Nebraska — Equality  before  the  law. 

Nevada — All  for  our  country. 

New  Hampshire — (No  motto). 

New  Jersey— Liberty  and  prosperity. 

New  Mexico — Crescit  eundo  (It  increases  as 
it  advances) . 

New  York— Excelsior  (Higher). 

North  Carolina — lEsse  quam  videri  (To  be 
rather  than  to  seem). 

North  Dakota — Liberty  and  union,  now  and 
forever,  one  and  inseparable. 

Ohio— (No  motto). 

Oklahoma — Labor  omnia  vincit  (Labor  con- 
quers all  things) . 

Oregron — The  union. 

Pennsylvania— Virtue,  liberty  and  independ- 
ence. 

Rhode  IsL.nd — Hope. 

South  Carolina  —  Animis  opibusque  parati 
(Ready  in  soul  and  resource)  and  Dum  spiro 
spero  (While  I  breathe  I  hope). 

South  Dakota — Under  God  the  people  rule. 

Tennessee— Agriculture,   commerce. 

Texas-^Has  no  official  motto,  but  "Texas — one 
and  indivisible,"  adopted  by  the  Daughters  of 
the  Republic  of  Texas,  is  sometimes  used. 

Utah— Industry.  (State  seal  indicates  indus- 
try and  independence.) 

Vermont — Freedom  and  unity. 

Virginia— Sic  semper  tyrannis  (Thus  ever  to 
tyrants) . 

Washington— (No  motto). 

West  Virginia — Montani  semper  liberi  (Moun- 
taineers are  always  free) . 

Wisconsin — Forward. 

Wyoming— Equal  rights. 

United  States — E  pluribus  unum  (Out  of 
many,  one) . 


STATE   NICKNAMES  AND   FLOWERS. 


State. 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas.  .  .  . 

California 

Coloradp 

Connecticut. .. 
Delaware.. .  .- . 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois* 

Indiana! 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana .... 

Maine , 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michig-an 

Minnesota 

Mississippi. . .  . 

Montana 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 


Nickname.  Flower. 

Cotton  state. . . .  Goldenrod. 

Sequoia    cactus. 

Bear  state Apple  blossom. 

.Golden    state.. .  Poppy. 
Centennial  state  Columbine. 
Nutmeg  state..  .Mountainlaurel. 
Blue  Hen  state .  Peach  blossom. 
Peninsula  state. 
Cracker  state.. .  Cherokee  rose. 

Syring-a. 

Sucker   state . . .  Violet. 
Hoosier  state...  Carnation. 
.Hawkeye  state.  Wild  rose. 
Sunflower  state.  Sunflov.'er. 
Blue  Grass  state.  Blue  grass. 
Pelican  state. .  .  Magnolia. 
Pine  Tree  state. :?ine  cone. 
Old  Line  state. 
Bay  state. 

Wolverine  state.Apple  blossom. 
Gopher  state. . .  Moccasin. 

Bayou    state Magnolia. 

Stub  Toe  state.  Bitter  root. 

Goldenrpd. 

Goldenrod. 

Silver  state. 


State.  Nickname.  Flower. 

N.  Hampshire.  Granite  state. 
New  Jersey. . . .  Jersey  Blue  state  Sug-.  maple  (tree) 

New  York Empire  state .  . .  Rose. 

North  Carolina  Old  North  state. 

North  Dakota.  Flickertail state.  Goldenrod. 

Ohio Buckeye  state. 

Oklahoma .- Mistletoe. 

Oregon Beaver    state. . .  Oregon  grape. 

Pennsylvania .  .Keystone  state. 

Rhode  Island. .  Little  Rhody..  .  Violet. 

South  Carolina  Palmetto  state. 

South  Dakota.  Sunshine  state.  Pasqueflower. 

Tennessee Big-  Bend  state . 

Texas Lone  Star  state.  Bluebonnet. 

Utah Se&o  lily. 

Vermont Green  Mountain 

state  Red  clover. 

Virginia The  Old  Dominion 

Washington...  Evergreen  state. Rhododendron. 
West  Virginia.  The  Panhandle.  Rhododendron. 
Wisconsin Badger  state. . .  Violet. 

Note — Only  nicknames  that  are  well  known 
and  "state  flowers"  officially  adopted  or  com- 
monly accepted  are  given  in  the  foregoing-  list. 

*Native  state  tree,  the  native  oak.  tOfficial 
state  song.  "On  the  Banks  of  the  Wabash." 


FLOWER    AND    GEM    SYMBOLS    OF    MONTHS. 


Month.  Flower.  Gem. 

January Snowdrop Garnet. 

February Primrose Amethyst. 

March Viplet Bloodstone. 

April Daisy Diamond. 

May Hawthorn Emerald. 

June Honeysuckle. . . .  Chalcedony. 

July Water  lily Ruby. 

Aug-ust Poppy Sardonyx. 

September Morning-  glory .  .  Sardonyx. 

October. Hops Aquamarine. 

JNovemoer Chrysanthemum  Topaz. 

December Holly Turquoise. 

The  above  grem  symbols  are  those  of  Polish 
tradition.      The   Jewish    g-em    symbols  of    the 


months  are:  January,  g-arnet:  February,  am- 
ethyst: March,  jasper;  April,  sapphire;  May. 
chalcedony,  carnelian  or  agate;  June,  emerald: 
July,  onyx;  August,  carnelian:  September, 
chalcedony,  carnelian  or  agate;  June,  emerald; 
vember,  topaz:  December,  ruby. 

The  birth  stones  authorized  by  the  American 
Jewelers'  association  are:  January,  g-arnet ; 
February,  amethyst ;  March,  aquamarine,  blood- 
stone; April,  diamond;  May,  emerald:  June, 
pearl,  moonstone;  July,  ruby;  August,  moon- 
stone, peridot:  September,  sapphire;  October, 
opal,  tourmaline;  November,  topaz:  December, 
turquoise,  lapis  lazuli. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


UNITED    STATES    CUSTOMS    DUTIES. 


Following-  are  the  existing-  tariff  rates  placed 
by  the  Underwood-Simmons  act  of  1913  on 
articles  in  common  use  or  of  extensive  im- 
portation. A  list  of  the  principal  articles  on 
the  free  list  is  appended.  Amounts  given  in 
dollars  and  cents  are  specific  and  the  percen- 
ages  are  ad  valorem  duties.  The  abbreviation 
"n.  a.  p."  means  "not  specially  provided  for." 
DUTIABLE  LIST. 

Schedule    A— Chemicals,    Oils    and    Paints. 
Acids:    Boracic,  %c  lb.:  citric,   5c  lb.;   formic. 

l%c    lb.:    gallic,    (5c    lb.;    lactic    and    oxalic, 

IJ/aC   lb.;    pyrogallic,    12c   lb.;    salicylic,    2Vfec 

lb.;    tannic,    5c  lb.;    tartaric,   3%c  lb.;    acids 

n.  s.  p.,  15%. 

Albumen,  dried  egg,  3c  lb. 
Alkalies  and  compounds  of,  n.  B.  p.,   15%. 
Alumina  and   compounds,   n.   a.   p.,   15%. 
Ammonia,     carbonate     and    muriate,    %c    lb.; 

liquid   anhydrous,    2%c  lb.;    ammoniacal   gas 

liquor,    10%. 
Argols,     crude,    and    calcium    tartrate.    crude, 

5%;    with   more  than   90  per  cent   of  potas- 
sium   bitartrate,    cream    of    tartar,    Rochelle 

salts,    2%c  lb. 
Balsams,    natural    and   crude,    10%;    advanced 

in   value,    15%. 
Barium,   chloride   of,    */4c  lb.;   dioxide  of,   l^c 

lb.:    carbonate   of,    precipitated,   15%. 
Blacking,    all    kinds,    15%. 

Bleaching  powder,   chloride  of  lime.    l-10c  lb. 
Caffein,    $1    lb.;    compounds    of,    25%. 
Calomel,    corrosive    sujblimate,    15%. 
Chalk,    manufactured,   25%. 
Chemicnl    and    medicinal    compounds,    lOc    lb. 

and  20%  to   40c  lb.   and  20%. 
Chemical     and     medicinal     compounds     in    in- 
dividual  packages   of   2%   Ibs.   or  less,   20% 

to   25%. 

Chloroform,   2c  lb. 
Coal  tar  dyes.  n.  s.  p.,  30%. 
Coal   tar  products,    not  dyes,   n.  B.  p.,    5%    to 

15%. 

Cobalt,   oxide  of,  lOc  lb. 
Collodion,    15%;   compounds,   25%   to  40%. 
Drugs,     natural     materials     for,     advanced    in 

value,   10%. 
Dj'estuffs    (see   Emergency   Revenue   Act.    thia 

volume). 
Ergot,    lOc  lb. 

Ethers,  4c  to  5c  lb.:   ethers  n.   s.  p.,    20%. 
Extracts    for  dyeing,    %c   lb. 
Formaldehyde,  Ic  lb. 
Fusel  oil,   %c  lb. 
Gelatin,   glue  and  glue  size.   Ic  lb.;  valued  ax 

above  lOc  lb.,   15%  to  25%. 
Glycerin,  crude,   Ic  lb.;   refined.  2c  lb. 
Gums,  crude,   n.  s.  p.,  $1   lb.:   arabic,  %c  lb.; 

camphor,    crude,    Ic    lb.;    camphor,    refined 

5c   lb 

Ink  and  ink  powders,  15%. 
lodoform.  15c  lb. 
Leaves   and  roots,    Me  to   lOc   lb. 
Licorice,  extracts  of,   Ic  lb. 
Lime,   citrate   of,    Ic   lb. 
Magnesia.  l-10c  to  3  l-3c  lb. 
Menthol.    50c  lb 
Oils,    fish,    n.    s.   p.,    3c  gal.;    whale,    5c   gal.: 

snerm,    8c   gal.;    oils    and    greases,    n.    s.    p. 

15%. 
Oils,   expressed,   castor.   12c  gal.;   flaxseed  and 

linseed,    lOc    gal.;    olive.    20c    to    30c    gal.; 

other  exnressed   oils  n.   s.  p.,    15%. 
Oils,    distilled    and    essential,    10%    to    20%    or 

6c  to   25c  lb. 
Opium,    crude,    $3    to    $6    lb.;    derivatives    of, 

S'3   to  S3  oz. 

Perfumery,    cosmetics,    dentifrices,    if   with    al- 
cohol,   40c    lb.    and    60% ;    without    alcohol, 

60%:   perfumes  n.   s.  p.,   20%. 
Piements,  5%  to  25%:  lead,  25%;   zinc  oxide, 

10%  to  15%;  varnishes,  10%;  enamel  paints, 

n.  s.  p.,  20%. 
Plasters,    curative,    15%. 


Potash,  bicarbonate  and  chloride  of,  Y2c  lb.; 
chromate  or  bichromate  of,  Ic  lb.;  salt- 
peter, refined.  $7  ion. 

Soaps,  perfumed,  toilet,  30%;  medicinal,  20%; 
castile  and  unperfumed.  10%;  others  n.  s. 
P..  10%. 

Soda,  benzoate  of,  5c  lb. ;  alkalies  and  eul- 
phites  of,  %c  lb.;  sal  soda,  %c  lb. 

Sponges,    10%;   bleached,    15%. 

Talcum,    15%. 

Vanillin,    lOc    oz.;   vanilla   beans,   30c   lb. 

Schedule    B— Earths,    Earthenware    and 
Glassware. 

Brick,    10%;    glazed,    decorated,    15%. 

Cement,    10%. 

Tiles,    l%c   to   5c  sq.  ft.;  20%   to   30%. 

Lime,   5%. 

Gypsum,    10%. 

Pumice  stone,  unmanufactured,  5%;  manufac- 
tured, %c  lb.  or  25%. 

Clays,  or  earths,  unmanufactured,  n.  s.  p., 
50c  ton;  manufactured,  $1  to  $1.50  ton. 

Mica,  unmanufactured,  4c  lb.  to  25%;  manu- 
factured, 30%. 

Earthenware,  common,  not  ornamented,  15%; 
ornamented,  20%  to  30%. 

Earthenware  of  nomitrified  absorbent  body, 
35%  to  40%. 

China  and  porcelain  wares,  50%  to  55%. 

Gas   retorts,    10%. 

Glass   bottles,    30%   to   45%. 

Glass,  window,  %c  to  2c  lb. ;  cylinder  and 
crown,  3c  to  lOc  sq.  ft.;  cast  plate.  6c  to 
12c  sq.  ft.;  4%  additional  if  ground,  frost- 
ed, etc. 

Spectacles.    35%. 

Lenses,    25%. 

Opera  glasses,  optical  instruments,  n.  s.  p.. 
35% 

Telescopes,  microscopes,  photographic  lenses. 
25%. 

Mirrors,  stained  glass  windows,  manufac- 
tures of  glass  n.  s.  p.,  30%. 

Marble,  breccia,  onyx,  rough.  50c  cu.  ft.: 
dressed,  75c  cu.  ft.;  paving  tiles  of,  6c  to 
lOc  superficial  foot:  mosaic  cubes.  20%  to 
35%. 

Marble,  breccia,  onyx,  alabaster,  jet,  manu- 
factured into  monuments,  vases,  etc.,  45%. 

Stone,  building,  manufactured,  25%;  unman- 
ufactured, 3c  cu.  ft. 

Grindstones,     $1  .f>O    ton. 

Slates,  n.   s    p.,   10%. 
Schedule    C— Metals   and  Manufactures   Of. 

Chrome  metal  and  other  alloys  used  in  man- 
ufacture of  steel,  n.  s.  p.,  15%. 

Bar  and  other  rolled  or  hammered  iron,  n. 
s.  p.,  5%. 

Beams,  tnrclers  and  other  structural  iron  and 
steel,  10%. 

Boiler  or  other  plate  of  iron  and  steel,  n.  8. 
p..  ,12%. 

Iron  and  steel  anchors,  12%;  antifriction  balls. 
35%. 

Hoop,  band  or  scroll  iron  or  steel  n.  s.  p. 
and  barrel  hoops  of  iron  p.nd  steel,  10%. 

Railway  fishplates  and  splice  bars,    10%. 

Iron  or  steel  sheets  with  other  metals  im- 
posed thereon,  tin  plates,  terne  plates.  15%. 

Steel  bars,  mill  shafting,  castings,  not  con- 
taining alloys.  15%. 

Rivet,  screw,  fence,  nail  and  other  iron  or 
steel  \yire  rods,  10%. 

Round  iron  or  steel  wire,  15%;  wire  rope, 
30%. 

Anvils.   15%. 

Automobiles  valued  at  $2,000  or  more,  45%: 
under  $2,000.  30%:  parts,  30%. 

Bicycles,    motorcycles,    and    parts,    25%. 

\xles   of    iron    and    steel,    10%. 

Blacksmiths'  hammers  and  other  tools  of 
iron  and  steel.  10%. 

Nuts  and  washers.   5%   to  30%. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


133 


Cast    iron    pipe,    10%. 

Chains,  u.   s.  p.,  Z0%;  sprocket   and  machine, 

xiO'/c/. 

Iron  and  steel  tubing,  n.  s.  p.,  20%. 

Knives,   razors,  etc.,   with  folding  blades,  35% 

to   56(/c. 
Knives,     table,    etc.,     with    fixed    blades,    and 

without   handles,   25%;    with  handles,   30%. 
Files  and  rasps,   25%. 
Muskets     ana     rihes,     muzzle     loading,     15%; 

breechloading    guns,    35%. 
Needles,   20%. 
Fishhooks  and  fishing  tackle,  except  lines  and 

nets,    i>0%. 
Steel    plates   for   engraving,    stereotype   plates, 

electrotype    plates,    15%;    lithographic   plates 

of    stone,    25%. 
Saws,    12%. 
Screws.    25%. 
Aluminum,    crude,    2c    lb.;    in    plates,    bars, 

rods,   3Vfec  lb. 
Antimony,    10/c   to   25%. 
Argentine,     German     silver,     unmanufactured, 

15%. 

Bronze,  25%. 
Copper,    5%. 
Gold    leaf,    35%. 
Silver    leaf,    30%. 
Tinsel   wire,   6%  to  40%. 
Buckles,    metal,    15%. 

Lead-bearing    ores,    %c   lb.    on   lead  therein. 
Lead    dross,    bullion,    in    pigs    and    bars,    25^ 

on   lead    therein. 

Metallic    mineral    substances    n.    s.    p.,    10%. 
Nickel,    1070;    in    sheets    or    strips,    20%. 
Pens,    metallic,    n.   s.   p.,    8c  gross. 
Penholders,    gold    pens,    combination    penhold- 
ers,   25%. 

Pins,  metal,   not  jewelry,  20%. 
Type   and  type  metal,    15%. 
Watches  and  clocks,   30%. 
Zinc- bearing    ores,     1.0%    on    zinc    therein;    in 

blocks,    pigs    or   sheets.    15%. 
Steam    engines,    locomotives,    printing   presses, 

machine    tools,    15%;    lace-making   machines, 

25%. 
Articles    of    gold,    silver    and    platinum,    n.    s. 

p.,    50%;    of  iron,    steel,   lead,   copper,   brass, 

nickel,    pewter,    zinc   or   aluminum,    n.    s.   p., 

20%. 

Schedule   D — Wood   and   Manufactures    Of. 
Brier,    ivy    or    laurel    root,    unmanufactured, 

10%. 
Cedar,     lignum-yitae,     ebony,    box,     mahogany, 

rosewood,    satinwood,   in  boards   and  planks, 

10%;  veneers  of   wood,   15%. 
Paving    posts,    railroad    ties,    telegraph    poles, 

10%. 

Casks,  barrels,  packing  boxes.  15%. 
Boxes   for   fruit,    15%. 
Chair    cane    or    reeds,    10%;    manufactures    of 

osier  or  willow,   25%. 
Toothpicks,    25%. 
Blinds,     screens    of    wood,    bamboo,    20%;    if 

dyed    or    ornamented,    25%. 
Furniture  of  wood,   manufactures  of  wood,  n. 

s.    p      15%. 

Schedule*  E — Sugar,  "Molasses  and  Manufac- 
.  tures  Of. 

Sugars,  sirupa  and  concentrated  molass°s  test- 
ing not  above  75  degrees,  71-100c  lb.;  for 
every  additional  degree,  26-1000c  lb.; 
molasses  not  above  40  degrees,  15%;  test- 
ing above  40  degrees,  2%c  to  4%c  gal. 

Maple  sugar  and  sirup.  3c  lb.:  glucose  or 
grape  sugar,  l%c  lb.;  sugar  cane  in  natural 
state.  15%. 

Saccharin,   65c  lb. 

Sugar  candy  and  confectionery,  n.  s.  p.. 
valued  at  15c  lb.  or  less,  2c  lb.:  valued  at 
more  than  15c  lb.,  25%. 

Schedule    F— Tobacco    and    Manufactures    Of. 
Wrapper    tobacco,    leaf    tobacco,    unstemmed, 
SI. 85    lb.;    stemmed.    $2.50   lb. 


All  other  tobacco  n.  s.  p.,  55c  lb.;  scrap 
tobacco,  35c  lb. 

Snuii,  55c  lb. 

Cigars   and  cigarettes,   $4.50  lb.   and  25%. 
Schedule      G—Agricultiiral     Products     and 
Provisions. 

Horses    and    mules,    10%. 

Live    animals   n.   s.    p.,    10%. 

Barley,  loc  bu.;  barley  malt,  25c  bu.;  pearled 
or  hulled,  Ic  lb. 

Macaroni,    vermkeili,    Ic   lb. 

Oats,     tic     lb.;     oaimeai,     30c    100     Ibs. 

Rice,    cleaned,    Ic   lb.;    uncieaned,    %c   ib. 

Biscuits  and  cakes  containing  confectionery  or 
nuts,  25%. 

Butter  and  butter  substitutes.  2%c  lb. 

Cheese,    20%. 

Beans  and  lentils  n.  s.  p.,  25c  bu. 

Beets.  5%. 

Beans,  peas,  in  tins,  jars,  etc.,  Ic  lb. 

Vegetables,  prepared,  25%;  in  natural  state, 
n.  s.  p  ,  15%. 

Pickles,  n.  s.  p.,   25%. 

Cider,    2c   gal. 

Eggs,   preserved,   2c  lb.;   dried,   lOc  lb. 

Hay,   $2  ton. 

Honey.    lOc   gal. 

Hops,   16c  lb. 

Garlic,   Ic  lb. 

Onions,  20c  bu. 

Peas,  green  or  dried,  in  bulk,  lOc  bu.;  split 
peas,  20c  bu.;  peas  in  packages,  %c  lb. 

Orchids,  palms,  azalea  indica,  cut  flowers, 
25%;  other  flowers,  $1  to  $10  per  1,000. 

Fruit  plants,  $1  per  1,000;  rose  plants,  4c 
each;  nursery  and  greenhouse  stock,  n.  s.  p., 
15%. 

Seeds:  Castor,  15c  bu. ;  oil  seeds,  n.  s.  p.,  20c 
bu.;  poppy,  15c  lb.;  canary  seed,  %c  lb.: 
caraway,  Ic  lb.:  anise,  2c  lb.;  carrot,  par- 
sley, parsnip,  radish,  turnip,  rutabaga,  3c 
lb.:  other  seeds.  5c  to  6c  lb. 

Straw,    50c  ton. 

Fish  packed  in  oil,  25%;  in  tin  packages, 
15%. 

Apples,  peaches,  quinces,  cherries,  plums-  and 
pears,  lOc  bu.;  berries,  edible.  jn  natural 
condition.  %c  qt.;  cranberries,  10%;  dried  or 
prepared  fruits,  n.  s.  p.,  Ic  lb. 

Figs,  2c  lb.;  plums,  prunes,  Ic  lb.:  raisins. 
2c  lb.;  dates.  Ic  lb.;  currants,  l%c  lb.: 
olives,  15c  gal. 

Grapes   in   barrels,    25c   cu.   ft. 

Lemons,  limes,  oranges  in  packages  of  1%  cu. 
ft.  or  less,  18c  per  package;  in  larger  pack- 
ages up  to  5  cu.  ft.,  35c  to  70c  per  pack- 
age: in  packages  exceeding  5  cu.  ft.  or  in 
bulk.  %c  lb. 

Pineapples  in  packages,  6c  cu.  ft.  of  package; 
in  bulk,  $5  per  1,000. 

Almonds,   not   shelled,   3c  lb.;   shelled.  4c  lb 

Filberts,  walnuts,  not  shelled,  2c  lb.;  shelled. 
4c  lb. 

Peanuts,  unshelled,.  %c  lb.;  shelled,  %c  lb 

Nuts,   n.  s.  p.,   Ic  lb. 

Venison,  game,  l%c  lb.;  game  birds,  dressed, 
30%. 

Poultry,   live,    Ic  lb.;   dead,   2c  lb. 

Chicory  root,  unground,  Ic  lb. ;  ground,  2c  lb. 

Chocolate  and  cocoa,  unsweetened,  n.  s.  p.. 
8%:  sweetened,  n.  s.  p.,  valued  at  20c  lb. 
or  less,  2c  lb.;  at  more  than  20c  lb..  25%. 

Cocoa  butter,   3%c  lb. 

Dandelion    root,    substitutes   for   coffee,    2c   lb. 

Starch,  potato,  Ic  lb.;  other  starch.  Mtc  lb. 

Spices,  unground,  Ic  to  18c  lb.;  ground.  20% 
additional. 

Vinegar,    4c    gal. 

Schedule   H— Spirits,    Wines  and  Other  Bever- 
ages. 

Brandy  and  other  distilled  spirits,  $2.60  proof 
gal. 

Cordials,  liqueurs,  bitters,  etc.,  containing-  spir- 
its, $2.60  proof  gal. 

Bay   rum,    $1.75   gal 


134 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Champagrne  in  bottles  of  more  than  1  pint  to 
1  quart,  $9.60  doz.;  of  more  than  %  pint 
to  1  pint,  $4.80  doz.;  ^  pint  or  less,  $2.40 
doz.;  more  than  1  quart,  in  addition  to 
$9.60  doz.  bottles,  on  excess  quantity  above 
1  quart  at  rate  of  $3  gal. 

Still  wines,  45c  to  60c  gal.  or  $1.85  per  cr.se. 

Ale,  porter,  stout,  beer,  in  bottles  or  jugs,  45c 
gal.;  not  in  bottles  or  jugs,  23c  gal. 

Malt  extract,  fluid,  in  casks,  23c  gal.;  in  bot- 
tles or  jugs,  45c  gal.;  solid.  45%. 

Fruit  juices,  70c  to  80c  gal.  and  in  addition 
$2.07  proof  gal.  on  alcohol. 

Ginger  ale  or  beer,  lemonade,  soda  water, 
containing  no  alcohol,  12c  to  28c  doz.  bot- 
tles according  to  size. 

Mineral  waters,  lOc  to  20c  doz.  bottles,  ac- 
cording to  size;  in  bottles  of  more  than  1 
quart,  18c  gal.;  in  bulk,  8c  gal. 

Schedule  I— Cotton  Manufactures. 

Cotton  thread,  yarn,  warps,  not  combed, 
bleached,  dyed,  mercerized  or  colored,  5% 
to  27%%,  according  to  number. 

Spool  thread  of  cotton,  crochet,  darning  and 
embroidery  cottons,  15%. 

Cotton  cloth,  not  bleached,  dyed,  printed,  fig- 
ured or  mercerized,  7y2%  to  30%,  according- 
to  number. 

Cloth  of  cotton  and  silk,  30%;  waterproof 
cloth  of  cotton,  25%. 

Cotton  handkerchiefs,  not  hemmed,  n.  s.  p., 
25%;  hemmed,  30%. 

Cotton  clothing,   ready   made,   30%. 

Plushes,  velvets,  chiefly  of  cotton,  40%. 

Curtains  and  other  articles  of  cotton  chenille, 
35%. 

Stockings,  hose,  of  cotton,  made  on  knitting 
machines,  n.  s.  p.,  20%. 

Stockings,  hose,  of  cotton,  made  on  machines 
or  knit  by  hand,  valued  at  not  more  than 
70c  per  doz.  pair,  30%;  valued  at  more 
than  70c  and  not  more  than  $1.20,  40%; 
valued  at  more  than  $1.20.  50%. 

Cotton  gloves,   35%. 

Cotton  underwear,    30%. 

Cotton  bandings,  belts,  cords,  suspenders,  25%. 

Cotton  table   damask.   25%. 

Cotton  towels,    quilts,    blankets,    25%. 

Cotton  lace  window  curtains,   35%  to  45%. 

Cotton  cloth,    n.   s.   p.,    30%. 

Schedule  J — Flax,  Hemp  and  Jute  and  Manu- 
factures Of. 

Single  yarns  of   jute,    15%  to  20%. 

Cables  of  istle,    manila,   etc.,    Ic   Ib. 

Threads  of  flax,  hemp  or  ramie,  20%  to  25%. 

Sinarle  yarns  of  flax,  hemp  or  ramie.  10%  to 
20%. 

Gill  nettine-s.  nets  and  seines  of  flax,  hemp 
or  ramie.  25%. 

Floor    mattings   of    straw,    2%c   sq.    yd. 

Carpets,  mats,  rusts  of  flax,  hemp,  jute,  30%. 

Tapes  of  flax.  20%. 

Linoleum.   20%  to  35%. 

Linen    shirt    collars    and    cuffs,    30%. 

Wearing-  apparel  of  flax,  hemp  or  ramie,  40%. 

Articles  of  flax,  hemp  or  ramie,  n.  s.  p., 
40%. 

Handkerchiefs  of  flax,  hemp  or  ramie,  35% 
to  40%. 

Plain  woven  fabrics  of  flax,  hemp  or  ramie, 
n.  s.  p.,  30%. 

Istle    or   tampico,    dressed,    dyed   and   combed, 
20%. 
Schedule  ~K — Wool  and  Manufactures  Of. 

Combed  wool  or  tops  advanced  beyond  scoured 
condition,  n.  s.  p.,  8%. 

Yarns    of   wool,    18%. 

Woolen  cloth,  35%;  cloth  of  cattle  or  horse 
hair,  25%:  plushes,  velvets,  etc..  of  wool, 
40%;  stockings,  hose,  made  on  knitting  ma- 
chines, all  wool.  20%;  stockings,  selvaged, 
fashioned  or  shaped  by  machine  or  by 
hand,  valued  at  not  more  than  $1.20  per 
doz.  pairs,  30%;  valued  at  more  than  $1.20, 
40%. 


Blankets   and  flannels   of   wool,   25%   to   30%. 
Women's  and   children's  dress  goods  of   wool. 

n.    s.    p.,    35%. 
Clothing,    ready    made,    including    shawls,    of 

wool,  35%. 
Webbings,    suspenders,   beltings,   cords,  etc.,   of 

wool,    35%. 
Aubusson.    Axminster,    moquette   and   chenille 

carpets,    35%. 
Saxony,    Wilton    and   Tournay   velvet   carpets. 

Brussels   carpets,   25%. 

Tapestry  Brussels  carpets,   20%. 

Treble    ingrain,    three-ply    carpets,    20%. 

Carpets    and    rugs    woven    whole    for    rooms, 

50%. 
Hair   of    Angora   goat,    alpaca,    15%;    tops    of, 

20%;  yarns  of,  25%;  cloth  of.  40%;  plushes 

and   velvets    of,    45%. 

Schedule  L— Silks  and  Silk  Goods. 
Carded  or  combed  silk,  20c  Ib. 
Spun    silk    or    schappe    silk    yarn,    35%. 
Velvets,    plushes,    chenilles   of    silk,    60%. 
Silk  handkerchiefs  and  mufflers.  40%  to  50%. 
Ribbons,    etc.,    of    silk,   45%. 
Clothing  of  silk.   50%. 
Woven  fabrics  of  silk,  n.  s.  p.,  45%. 
Artificial    or   imitation    silk    fabrics    and    arti- 
cles,   35%   to   60%. 

Schedule  M— Papers  and  Books. 

Sheathing  paper,  roofing  felt,  paper-box  board, 
5%. 

Printing  paper,  japan  paper,  suitable  for  books 
and  newspapers  but  not  for  covers  or  bind- 
ings, n.  s.  p.,  valued  above  5c  Ib.,  12%;  in 
in  case  of  imports  from  countries  charging 
an  export  duty  or  export  license  fee  on 
printing  paper  or  wood  pulp  an  additional 
duty  equal  to  the  highest  export  duty  or 
export  charge  shall  be  imposed.  (See 
Emergency  Revenue  Act,  this  volume.) 

Copying  paper,  tissue  paper,  filtering  paper, 
30%. 

Paper  with  surface  coated  in  any  way,  25% 
to  40%. 

Lithographed  pictures,  cards,  booklets.  15c  to 
60c  Ib. 

Writing  paper,   25%. 

Paper  envelopes,    15%. 

Books  of  all  kinds,  bound  or  unbound,  in- 
cluding blank  books,  fengravings,  photo- 
graphs, etchings,  maps,  charts,  music  in 
books  or  sheets,  15%. 

Albums,   25%. 

Playing    cards,    60%. 

Postcards,  not  including  American  views, 
printed  except  by  lithographic  process,  25%. 

Schedule  N— Sundries. 

Beads.    35%. 

Braids,    ramie    hat,    40%. 

Braids  of  straw,  grass,  willow,  etc.,  suitable 
for  ornamenting  hats,  not  trimmed,  15%  to 
25%;  trimmed,  40%. 

Brooms,  15%;  brushes  and  feather  dusters, 
35%. 

Bristles,  sorted,   7c  Ib. 

Buttons,    15%  to   40%. 

Cork  and  articles  of,  12c  to  15c  lb.;  cork 
paper,  35%;  manufactures  of  cork,  n.  s.  p., 
30%. 

Dice,  dominoes,  chessmen,  billiard  balls,  etc., 
of  ivory,  bone  or  other  materials,,  50%. 

Dolls,  marbles  and  toys  not  of  china,  porce- 
lain, earthen  or  stone  ware,  35%. 

Emery,     Ic     lb.;     emery     wheels,     20%. 

Firecrackers,    6c   lb.;    fireworks,    lOc   lb. 

Matches,  3c  per  gross  of  144  boxes;  not  in 
boxes,  %c  per  1,000  matches;  wax  match- 
es, tapers,  25%;  white  phosphorus  matches 
not  admitted. 

Percussion  caps,  cartridges.  15%:  blasting- 
cans,  $1  per  1,000;  mining  fuses,  15%. 

Feathers,  crude.  20%:  dressed,  40%:  suitable 
for  millinery,  60%:  Importation  of  aigrettes. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


136 


egret  plumes,  osp"rey  plumes  or  feathers, 
heads,  wings,  tails  and  skins  of  wild  birds, 
except  for  scientific  purposes,  forbidden. 

Furs  dressed  on  the  skin,  30yc;  manulactures 
of  furs,  40%. 

Fans,  except   common  palm  leal,  50%. 

Gun    wads,    10%. 

Hair,  human,  raw,  10%:  drawn,  20%:  manu- 
factures of,  n.  s.  p.,  35%. 

Hair    for    mattresses,     10%. 

Hair    cloth    or    crinolinei    6c    sq.    yd. 

Hats   of   fur,    45%. 

Jewelry,  valued  at  above  20c  per  doz.  pieces. 
60%. 

Diamonds  and  precious  stones  in  the  rough, 
not  set,  10%;  cut  but  not  set,  20%. 

Laces,   n.  s.  p.,   60%. 

Chamois  skins,  15%. 

Leather,    manufactures   of,    30%. 

Gloves,    leather,    $1   IQ   $2.50  doz.   pairs. 

Manufactures  of  amber,  asbestos  or  wax,  10% 
to  20%. 

Manufactures  of  India  rubber,  15%;  of  palm 
leaf,  15%;  of  bone  and  horn,  20%;  of  grass 
straw  and  weeds,  25%;  combs  of  horn. 

Ivory°'tusks  in  natural  state,  20%;  manufac- 
tures of  ivory,  35%;  manufactures  of  shell, 
25%. 

Matting-  of  cocoa  fiber  or  rattan,   5c  sq.   ft. 

Moss    and    sea    grass,    manufactured    or    dyed, 

Musical   instruments   and  parts  of,   35%. 

Phonographs,   graphophones.    25%. 

Works   of   art,    n.   s.   p.,    15%. 

Pencils  of  wood,  lead  pencils,  36c  gross; 
slate  pencils,  25%. 

Pencil    leads,    10%. 

Photographic  cameras  and  dry  plates,  n.  s.  p., 
157C:  moving-  picture  film,  exposed  but  not 
developed,  2c  ft.;  exposed  and  developed,  3c 
ft.;  film  subject  to  censorship. 

Clay  pipes,  25%;  other  pipes  and  all  smok- 
ers' articles,  50%;  meerschaum,  20%. 

Hatters'    plush,   10%. 

Umbrellas,  35%;  sticks  for  umbrellas,  walk- 
ing- canes,  30%. 


ON    THE    FREE    LIST. 

Acids:    Acetic,  carbolic,  muriatic,  nitric,  phos- 
phoric,  sulphuric. 
Agricultural    implements. 
Alcohol,    methyl    or    wood. 
Alizarin. 

Ammonia,    sulphate,    perchlorate,   nitrate   of. 
Antimony   ore. 

Animals,  pure  bred,  for  breeding-. 
Antitoxins,    vaccine    virus,    serums. 
Arsenic. 

Art   works — See  works  of  art. 
Asbestos,   unmanufactured. 
Asphaltum   and  limestone  rock  asphalt. 
Bagging-  for  cotton. 
Balm  of  Gilead. 
Barks    ( quini  ne ) . 
Beeswax. 
Bibles. 

Binding-    twine. 
Bismuth. 
Bitumen. 

Bolting-    cloths    for   milling-   purposes   only. 
Bones,   crude. 

Books  printed  more  than  twenty  years. 
Books   in   foreign   languages. 
Books    for    blind. 
Boots   and  shoes,   leather. 
Borax. 

Brass    for    remanufacture. 
Bristles,   crude. 
Broom  corn. 

Buckwheat    and   buckwheat    flour. 
Bullion,     gold    or    silver. 
Cash    registers. 
Castor  or  castoreum. 
Cement. 
Chalk,    crude 


Charcoal. 

Charts  printed  more  than  twenty  years. 

Liiromate    of    iron. 

Coal,   coal   tar. 

Cobalt. 

Cochineal. 

Coffee. 

Coins. 

Coke. 

Copper    ore. 

Coral,   unmanufactured. 

Cork  wood   or  bark,   unmanufactured. 

Corn    or    maize,    corn    meal. 

Cotton  and  cotton  waste   or  flocks. 

Curling    stones. 

Cream  separators. 

Curry  and  curry  powder. 

Dandelion   roots,    unground. 

Dragon's    blood. 

Drugs,    crude    materials    for    and   nonalcoholic. 

untompounded,    n.    9.    p. 
Dyestuffs    (see    Emergency    Revenue   Act,    this 

volume). 
Eggs. 

Emery   ore    and   corundum. 
Engravings    and    etchings    more    than    twenty 

years  old. 
Fans,    palm   leaf. 
Fish,    fresh   water;   fish,    n.    n.   p. 
Flax   straw. 

Flint,    flint    stones,    unground. 
Fossils. 

Fruits  or  berries,  green,  ripe  or  dried,  n.  s.  p. 
Fulminates. 
Furs,    undressed. 
Gloves,     leather,     of    horsehide,    pigskins    and 

cattle  hides,   except    ca'fsk;n. 
Grasses    and    fibers,    unmanufactured,    n.   B.   p. 
Grease  for  soap  making,  n.  s.  p. 
Guano;    manures. 
Gunpowder   for   mining,   blasting   and   artillery 

purposes. 

Gutta   percha,    crude. 

Hair  of   animals,   unmanufactured,  n.  s.  p. 
Hemp. 

Hide  cuttings,   raw. 
Hide  rope. 
Hides    of    cattle. 
Hones  and  whetstones. 
Hoop   iron  or  steel,    for  baling   cotton. 
Ice. 

India  rubber,   crude. 
Indigo,    indigo   dyes. 
Iodine,  crude. 
Ipecac. 
Iron  ore,  pig  iron,   spiegeleisen.   wrought  iron, 

ferro     manganese;     iron     in     slabs,     blooms. 

n.  s.  p. 
Jalap. 

Jet,  unmanufactured. 
Lard. 

Leather,    n.    s.   p. 
Lemon   juice. 
Linotype  machines. 
Lithographic   prints    more    than    twenty   years 

old. 

Lithographic   stones. 
Manuscripts. 

Maps   more   than  twenty    years    old. 
Meats:     Fresh    beef,    veal,    mutton,    lamb    and 

pork;   bacon  and  hams;   meats  of   all  kinds, 

n.  s.  p. 
Medals. 

Milk  and  cream. 
Mineral  salts  from  evaporation. 
Minerals,  crude,  n.  s.  p. 
Miners'   rescue   appliances. 
Models    of    inventions. 
Music  more  than  twenty  years  old. 
Nails,  cut,  of  iron  or  steel,  hobnails,  all  nails, 

n.    s.    p. 
Needles. 

Newspapers  and  periodicals. 
Nuts:       Marrons,    cocoanuts,    palm    nuts,    not 

prepared. 
Oakum. 


136 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Oil   cake. 

Oils:  Cocoanut,  cod,  cod  liver,  cottonseed,  cro- 
ton,  palm,  nut;  petroleum,  crude  or  refined; 
kerosene,  benzine,  naphtha,  gasoline,  paraf- 
fin; fish  oils  of  American  fisheries. 

Oleo   stearin. 

Ores  of  gold,  silver,  nickel,  platinum. 

Paper  stock,  crude,  for  paper  making-. 

Photographs  printed  more  than  twenty  years 
Printing-  paper  for  book*?  and  newspapers. 
n.  s.  p.,  valued  at  not  above  2%c  Ib. 

Parchment   and  vellum. 

Paris  preen. 

Phosphates,  crude. 

Phosphorus. 

Photographic  and  moving"  picture  films,  not 
expooed  or  developed. 

Platinum,   unmanufactured. 

Plumbago. 

Potatoes. 

Quinia,   sulphate  of. 

Radium   and   salto  of. 

Railway  bars  of  iron,  or  steel,  T  rails  and 
punched  iron  or  flat  steel  rails. 

Rags.  n.  s.  p. 

Rye  and  rye  flour. 

Sago,  crude,  and  sago  four 

Salt. 

Seeds:  Cauliflower,  celery,  cotton,  mustard, 
sorg-hum,  sugar  beet;  bulbs  and  bulbous 
roots,  not  edible;  all  flower  and  grass  needs. 

Sewinr  machines. 

Shoea  and  boots,  leather. 

Shrimps,  lobsters. 

Silk  cocoons. 

Silk,  raw,  in  skeins  but  not  advanced  in 
manufacture. 

Silkworm  eggs. 

Skins  of  hares,  rabbits,  dogs,  goats  and  eheep. 
Undressed . 

Skins  of  all  kinds  n.  B.  p. 

Soda. 

Spikes,  cut 

Stamps. 

Statuary  for  nso  as  models 

Steel  ingots. 

Stone  and  sand. 

Sulphur. 

Swrne. 

Tallow. 

Tanning    materials,    not    containing*    alcohol. 

Tapioca,   tapioca   flour. 

Tar  and  pitch  of  wood. 

Tea.   n.  s.  p.;  tea  plants. 

Teeth,   natural. 

Textbooks. 

Tin  ore.  tin  in  bars,   blocks  or  pigs. 

Tobacco  stems. 

Tungsten-bearing   ores. 

Typewriters. 

Uranium. 

Wax.  ve     table  or  mineral. 

Wearing  apparel,  articles  of  personal  adorn- 
ment, toilet  articles  and  similar  personal  ef- 
fects, not  for  sale  or  for  other  persons  than 
the  owners.  In  the  case  of  residents  of  the 
United  States  returning  from  abroad  all 
wearing  apparel,  personal  and  household  ef- 
fects taken  by  them  out  of  the  United  States 
to  foreign  countries  shall  be  admitted  free 
of  duty,  without  regard  to  their  value,  upon 
their  identity  being  established  under  appro- 
priate rules  and  regulations  to  be  pre- 
scribed by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury.  Up 
to  but  not  exceeding  5100  in  value  of  arti- 
cles acquired  abroad  by  such  residents  of 
the  United  States  tor  personal  or  household 
use  or  as  souvenirs  or  curios,  but  not 
bought  on  commission  or  intended  for  sale, 
shall  be  admitted  free  of  duty. 

Whalebone,    unmanufactured. 

Wheat  and  wheat  flour  except  when  imported 
from  a  country  imposing  a  duty  on  wheat 
and  wheat  flour  exported  from  the  United 
States. 

Wire   for   fencing  or  baling  purposes. 


Wood:  Logs,  timber,  pulp  woods,  kindling 
wood,  firewood,  hop  poles,  hoop  poles,  fence 

Eosts,  hubs  for  wheels,  posts,  sawed  boards, 
iths,  pickets,  palings,  staves,  shingles,  ship 
timber,  broom  handles. 

Woods:  Cedar,  lignum  vita?,  lancewood. 
ebony,  box,  granadilla,  mahogany,  rosewood, 
satin  wood  and  other  cabinet  woods  in  the 
log,  rough  or  hewn  only;  red  cedar  timber, 
hewn,  sided,  squared  or  round;  sticks  of 
partridge  hair  wood,  pimento,  orange,  myrtle 
and  other  woods  n.  s.  p..  in  the  rough. 

Wood  pulp,  mechanically  ground,  chemical 
and  rasr  pulp. 

Wool  of  the  sheep,  hair  of  the  camel  and 
other  like  animals. 

Wool  waste. 

Works  of  art:  Original  paintings,  drawings, 
artists'  proof  etchings  unbound,  engravings 
unbound,  printed  by  hand,  original  sculp- 
tures; works  of  art  imported  for  exhibi- 
tion purposes  or  for  presentation  to  a  pub- 
lic institution. 

Works  of  art  (except  rugs  and  carpets)  which 
shall  have  been  produced  more  than  100 
years  prior  to  the  date  of  importation. 


SPECIAL  PROVISIONS. 

Trade  Agreements. 

For  the  purpose  of  readjusting  the  present 
duties  on  importations  into  the  United  States 
and  at  the  same  time  to  encourage  the  ex- 
port trade  of  this  country,  the  president  of 
the  United  States  is  authorized  and  empowered 
to  negotiate  trade  agreements  with  foreign  na- 
tions wherein  piutual  concessions  are  made 
looking1  toward  freer  trade  relations  and  fur- 
ther reciprocal  expansion  of  trade  and  com- 
merce: Provided,  however.  That  said  trade 
agreements  before  becoming-  operative  shall 
be  submitted  to  the  congress  of  the  United 
States  for  ratification  or  rejection. 

Marking  and  Branding. 

All  articles  of  foreign  manufacture  or  pro- 
duction which  are  capable  of  being  marked, 
stamped,  branded  or  labeled,  without  injury, 
shall  be  marked,  stamped,  branded  or  labeled 
in  legible  English  words,  in  a  conspicuous 
place  that  shall  rot  be  covered  or  obscured  by 
any  subsequent  attachments  or  arrangements, 
so  as  to  indicate  the  country  of  origin.  ,  All 
packages  containing  imported  articles  shall  be 
marked,  stamped,  branded  or  labeled  so  as 
to  indicate  legibly  and  plainly  in  English 
words  the  country  of  origin  and  the  quantity 
of  their  contents. 

Discriminating  Duties. 

A  discriminating  duty  of  10  per  centum  ad 
valorem,  in  addition  to  the  duties  imposed  by 
law.  shall  be  levied,  collected  and  paid  on 
all  goods,  wares  or  merchandise  which  shall 
be  imported  in  vessels  not  of  the  United 
States,  or  which,  being  the  production  or 
manufacture  of  any  foreign  country  not  con- 
tiguous to  the  United  States,  shall  come  into 
the  United  States  from  such  contiguous  coun- 
try; but  this  discriminating  duty  shall 
not  apply  to  goods,  wares  or  merchandise 
which  shall  be  imported  in  vessels  not  of  the 
United  States  entitled  at  the  time  of  such  im- 
portation by  treaty  or  convention  or  act  of 
congress  to  be  entered  in  the  ports  of  the 
United  States  on  payment  of  the  same  duties 
as  shall  then  be  payable  on  goods,  wares  and 
merchandise  imported  in  vessels  of  the  United 
States,  nor  to  such  foreign  products  or  manu- 
factures as  shall  be  imported  from  such  con- 
tiguous countries  in  the  usual  course  of  strict- 
ly retail  trade. 

No  goods,  wares  or  merchandise,  unless  In 
cases  provided  for  by  treaty,  shall  be  import- 
ed into  the  United  States  from  any  foreign 
port  or  place,  except  in  vessels  of  the  United 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


137 


States,  or  in  such  foreig-n  vessels  as  truly  and 
wholly  belong:  to  the  citizens  or  subjects  of 
that  country  of  which  the  goods  are  the 
growth,  production  or  manufacture,  or  from 
which  such  goods,  wares  or  merchandise  can 
only  be.  or  most  usually  are.  first  shipped  for 
transportation.  All  goods,  wares  or  merchan- 
dise imported  contrary  to  this  section,  and  the 
vessel  wherein  the  same  shall  be  imported, 
shall  be  forfeited  to  the  United  States. 

The  preceding-  subsection  shall  not  apply  to 
vessels  or  goods,  wares  or  merchandise  im- 
ported in  vessels  of  a  foreign  nation  which 


does  not  maintain  a  similar  regulation  against 
vessels  of  the  United  States. 

Discount  for  American  Ships. 
A  discount  of  5  per  centum  on  all  duties  im- 
posed by  this  act  shall  be  allowed  on  suck 
goods,  wares  and  merchandise  as  shall  be  im- 
ported in  vessels  admitted  to  registration  tin- 
der the  laws  of  the  United  States:  Provided. 
That  nothing  in  this  subsection  shall  be  so 
construed  as  to  abrogate  or  in  any  manner 
impair  or  affect  the  provisions  of  any  treaty 
concluded  between  the  United  States  and  any 
foreign  nation. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  TARIFF  LEGISLATION  SINCE  1884. 


Morrison  Bills— First  bill  presented  to  48th 
congress  during  Chester  A.  Arthur's  adminis- 
tration; proposed  a  horizontal  reduction  of  20 
per  cent  with  free  iron  ore,  coal  and  lumber: 
defeated  in  house  April  15,  1884.  by  vote  of 
159  and  155:  house  heavily  democratic  and 
senate  republican.  Second  bill  presented  to 
49th  congress  during  Grover  Cleveland's  first 
administration:  similar  to  first  bill,  proposing 
free  wool,  salt  and  lumber;  defeated  in  house 
June  17,  1886.  by  a  vote  of  157  to  140: 
house  democratic,  senate  republican. 

Mills  Bill— Presented  to  50th  congress  dur- 
ing Cleveland's  first  administration;  provided 
for  free  lumlier  and  wool,  reduction  on  pig 
iron  and  abolition  of  specific  duties  on  cotton; 
passed  by  house  July  21.  1888,  by  vote  of 
162  to  149.  but  failed  in  senate;  house  demo- 
cratic, senate  republican. 

McKinley  Bill— Passed  by  51st  congress  dur- 
ing Benjamin  Harrison's  administration;  be- 
came law  Oct.  6,  1890;  high  protective  meas- 
ure, though  remitting  duties  on  sugar  and  pro- 
viding for  reciprocity  treaties;  both  houses 
of  congress  republican. 

Wilson  Bill — Passed  by  53d  congress  during 
Cleveland's  second  administration;  became  law 
Aug.  17,  1894,  without  the  president's  sig- 
nature; both  houses  democratic;  measure  re- 
duced duties  in  some  eases  and  made  addi- 
tions to  free  list,  notably  wool. 


•  ,Bin— Passed  by   54th  congress  dur- 

ing McKinley's  administration;  approved  July 
24,  1897;  passed  by  house  205  yeas  to  122 
nays.  27  members  not  voting;  passed  by  sen- 
ate 38  yeas  to  28  nays,  23  not  voting;  house 
contained  206  republicans  and  134  democrats 
and  senate  46  republicans  and  34  democrats; 
measure  raised  rates  to  produce  more  revenue, 
but  was  similar  in  many  respects  to  the  Mc- 
Kinley act. 

Payne-Aldrich  Bill— Passed  at  extra  session 
of  61st  congress  in  first  year  of  President 
William  H.  Taft's  administration:  approved 
Aug.  5,  1909;  passed  the  house  by  a  vote  of 
217  to  161  and  the  senate  by  a  vote  of  45  to 
34.  The  conference  vote  in  the  house  was 
195  yeas  to  183  nays,  twenty  republicans  vot- 
ing- in  the  negative  and  two  democrats  in  the 
affirmative.  In  the  senate  the  vote  on  the 
final  conference  report  was  47  to  31,  seven 
republicans  voting  against  it.  In  general  the 
revision  of  the  Dingley  act  was  in  the  direc- 
tion of  lower  duties,  but  there  were  some  in- 


Underwood-Simmons  Bill— Passed  by  63d 
congress  at  extra  session  called  immediately 
after  President  "Wilson's  inauguration  in  1913; 
house  and  senate  democratic.  The  bill  made 
many  reductions  in  the  tariff  duties  as  fixed 
by  the  Payne-Aldnch  law  and  placed  numer- 
ous articles  on  the  free  list.  It  also  con- 
tained a  section  establishing-  a  tax  on  incomes. 


AMERICAN   HALL   OF   FAME. 


"The  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Americans"  is 
the  name  of  a  building  on  University  Heights 
in  New  York  city,  in  which  are  inscribed  on 
bronze  tablets  the  names  of  famous  American 
men  and  women.  Nominations  for  the  honor 
are  made  by  the  public  and  are  submitted  to 
a  committee  of  100  eminent  citizens.  In  the 
case  of  men  fifty-one  votes  are  required  and 
in  the  case  of  women  forty-seven.  The  first 
balloting  took  place  in  October,  1900,  when 
the  following  were  chosen: 


George  Washington. 
Abraham  Lincoln. 
Daniel  Webster. 
Benjamin  Franklin. 
Ulysses  S.  Grant. 
John  Marshall. 
Thomas  Jefferson. 
Ralph  W.  Emerson. 
H.  W.  Long-fellow. 
Robert  Fulton. 
Horace  Mann. 


Henry  W.  Beecher. 
James  Kent. 
Joseph  Story. 
John  Adams. 
Washing-ton  Irving. 
Jonathan  Edwards. 
Samuel  F.  B.  Morse. 
David  G.  Farragut. 
Henry  Clay. 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne. 
George  Peabody. 


Robert  E.  Lee. 
Peter  Cooper. 
Eli  Whitney. 
John  J.  Audubon. 
William  E.  Channing 
Gilbert  Stuart. 
Asa  Gray. 


Chosen  in  1905. 
John  Quincy  Adams. 
James  Russell  Lowell. 
William  T.  Sherman 
James  Madison. 
John  G.  Whittier. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 
Louis  Agassiz. 
John  Paul  Jones.* 
Mary  Lyon. 
Emma  Willard. 
Maria  Mitchell. 
*  Reconsidered 
of  re-election. 


Chosen  in  1910. 
g£vriet_Beecher_Stowe. 


Roger  Williams.* 

James  Fenimore  Cooper. 

Phi  Hips  Brooks. 

William  Cullen  Bryant 

Frances  E.  Willard. 

Andrew  Jackson. 

George  Bancroft. 

John  Lothrop  Motley. 
Chosen  in  1915. 

Francis  Parkman. 

Mark  Hopkins. 

Elias  Howe. 

Joseph  Henry, 
j  Rufus  Choate. 
1  Daniel  Boone. 
tinder  a  new  rule  and  failed 


FARM    FIREWOOD   CROP. 


Approximately  102.903,000  cords  of  fire- 
wood were  produced  on  farms  of  the  United 
States  in  1918.  with  a  value  of  $487,106.000. 
or  $4.73  per  cord  at  the  farm  or  near  by 
town.  Of  the  total  production,  about  77,092,- 
000  cords,  or  75  per  cent  of  the  total,  were 
consumed  on  farms,  or  an  average  of  about 


11.5  cords  per  farm.  On  the  basis  of  esti- 
mates made  for  1918.  the  farm  fuel  wood 
crop  is  one  of  the  important  crops  of  the 
farm,  inasmuch  as  only  five  crops  exceeded  it 
i^n  value  in  1918.  namely  com.  wheat,  oats. 


138 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


SHIPPIN 

[Compiled  by  Ch 
SHIPPING   MEASURE. 
One  register  ton=100  cubic  feet. 
One  United  States  shipping  ton=40  cubic  feet 
or  32.14  United  States  bushels  or  31.16  im- 
perial bushels. 
One    British    shipping    ton=42    cubic    feet    or 
32.72  imperial  bushels  or  33.75  United  States 
bushels. 
MARINER'S   MEASURE. 
6  feet=l  fathom. 
120  fathoms=l  cable  length. 
5,280  feet  =  l  statute  or  land  mile. 
6.080  feet  =  l  knot  or  nautical  mile. 
3  knots=l  league. 
CIRCULAR    MEASURE. 
60  seconds  =1   minute. 
60  minutes=l  degree. 
90  degrees=l  quadrant. 
4  quadrants  or  360  degrees=l  circumference. 
SHIPPING   WEIGHT. 
16  ounces=l  pound. 
112  pounds=0ne  hundredweight. 
20  hundredweight  or  2,240  pounds=l    ton. 
WEIGHTS  OF  MATERIALS  IN  POUNDS  PER 
CUBIC   FOOT. 
Material.         Weight.       Material.         Weight. 
Metals—                                   Juniper  35 
Wrought  iron..    480        Lignum  vitae...       62 
Cast    iron.......     451        Linden   37 

G  DATA. 

irles  H.  Hughes.] 
STORAGE   SPACE  REQUIRED  FOR  DIFFER- 
ENT MATERIALS. 
Example—  A  steamer  has  a  capacity  of  180,- 
000   cubic  feet  for  carrying  coal.     How  many 
tons  will  she  carry? 
From  the  table,  average  American  coal  stows 
43    cubic    feet    per    ton    of    2,240    pounds,    so 
I9$|fifc*c4,186     tons—  the     number     she     would 
carry. 
Note—  The  following  table  is  based  on  a  ton 
of  2,240  pounds.     If  the  cubic  feet  per  ton  of 
2.000  pounds  is  required,   multiply  the  figures 
given  by  .892  : 
*Cub.  ft.                              *Cub.  ft. 
Material.          per  ton.        Material.          per  ton. 
Apples  in  boxes...    90    Maize  in  bags  50 
Asphalt                          17        Tinl  lr                             49 

Ballast,    sand  19 
Barley  in  bulk  47 
Bags    59 

Marble   14 
Meat—  Beef  ,  packed   - 
and  frozen  93 
Hung  in  quarters.  125 
Mutton                  110 

Beans  in  bags  68 
Beer  in  hogsheads.    54 
Bottles  and  cases  80 
Bran   in  bags  110 

Millet  in  bags  50 
Molasses  in  bulk.  .    25 
Oats  in  bags             .    78 

Compressed,  bales   80 
Brandy  in  casks.  .  .    80 
Bottled  in  cases.  .    55 
Buckwheat  in  bags  65 
Butter  in  cases  or 
kegs  70 
Cement  in  casks.  .  .    46 
Coal     (American, 
average)    43 

Bulk    60 
Oatmeal    in    sacks.    65 
Oil  —  Lubricating, 
in  casks  60 
Oranges  in  boxes.  .   90 
Paper  in  rolls  120 
Peas  in  bags  50 
Potatoes  in  bags.  .    55 
Barrels    68 

Cast    steel  490 
Nickel   steel....    491 
Brass    520 

Locust    46 

Mahogany  .....       51 
Maple    ..                    42 
Oak   (live)  69 
Oak    (white)...       48 
Poplar                        30 

Coffee  in  bags  61 
Copper  ore  15 

Cotton,   pressed,   in 
bales                         130 

Manganese 

Rice  in  bags  48 
Sago                           .  .    55 

Copper  650 

Salt  in  barrels  52 
Bulk     37 
Sugar   in   casks....   60 
Bags    48 
Tar  in  barrels  54 
T^a   in  chests  100 
Ties,    railroad  50 
Water,    fresh  36 
Salt    35 

Aluminum     160 
Lead   710 

Spruce   28 

Fish  in  cases  95 

Sycamore    37 
Teak  51 
White    pine  35 
Yellow  pine  38 
Wnlnut                         36 

Iced                            60 

Gold  (pure)....  1,200 
Magnesium  109 
Mercury    846 

Flax  88 
Flour  in  barrels...    60 
Bags                           47 

Nickel  548 
Platinum   1,347 
Silver  .                .     655 

Fuel    oil  39 

Willow    34 
Miscellaneous  — 
Common  brick.  113 
Cement                   78 

Granite    14 

Gravel  '                         23 

Tin                             458 

Hay.    compressed.  ..110 
Hams  in  barrels.  ..  70 
Hemp,   American, 
in    bales                  105 

Wheat  in  bags  52 
Bulk    47 
Woods  —  Sawed  into 
planks  — 
Ash                             39 

Zinc  436 
Woods  —  Apple  ...       47 
Ash  .  .          45 

Cellulose  .  .        .      75 

Concrete               130 

Beech  46 
Birch    41 
Box  70 

Granite   170 

Herrings,  in  barrels  60 
Hides  in  bales  120 
Ice                                  39 

Beech          51 

Limestone    180 
Marble                  170 

Elm     60 
Fir           65 

Cedar  .           ...       39 

Iron,   pig  10 
Corrugated  sheets  36 
Kegs  of  nails  20 
Jute    bale  58 

Cherry    41 
Chestnut    35 
Cork    15 
Cypress  33 

Sand                      110 

Mahogany    .  .rf  .  .  .    34 
Oak                         ..39 

Sandstone  145 
Stone    180 

Wool  in  bales  100 

*Ton  of  2,240  pounds. 
.TIONS. 
amount    of    water   dis- 
a  vessel  is  floating  in 
ter,   the  weight   of   the 
aals   the   weight   of  the 
"ything  on  board, 
ubic  feet  when  floating- 
by    35    (36  if   in  fresh 
weight   of    a   ship   and 
35    cubic   feet    of    salt 
(2,240  pounds)    and  36 
e  amount, 
a  strel  vessel  is  calcu- 
?s   (that  is,  to  the  out- 
I  no  allowance  is  made 
.ness  of  the  shell  plat- 
>ls    (motor  boats,   tugs, 
lacement   is    calculated 
lanking. 
carrying   capacity    of   a 
tons  of  cargo  and  coal, 
mcnt    is    the    measure- 
:  2,240  pounds  occupy- 

Soapstone  170 
Soft    coal               55 

Lead,   pig.  ,  8 
Pipes,  diff't  sizes  12 
DEFINJ 
Displacement    is    the 
placed  by  a  vessel.     11 
equilibrium   in    still   wa 
water   she   displaces  eqi 
vessel  herself  with  eve 
The  displacement  in  c 
in   salt   water  divided 
water)    gives   the   total 
her   cargo    in    tons,    as 
water  weighs  one  ton 
of  fresh  water  the  sam 
The   disnlacement   of 
lated  to  the  molded  lin 
side  of  the  frames)    an( 
as  a  rule  for  the  thicl 
ing.      For  wooden   v^ss' 
lighters,    etc.)    the    disr 
to  the  outside  of  the  p 
Dead   weight    is    the 
vessel  and  includes  the 
Register    ton    measure 
ment  based  on  a  ton  oJ 
ing-  100  cubic  feet. 

Dogwood  47 

Ebony  76 

Elm    .                         38 

Hard   coal  60 
Ice     .                      56 

Fir                              37 

Fresh    water.  .  .    62.5 
Salt    water  64 
Crude  oil  aver- 
age                     63  5 

Hackmatack    .  .       37 
Hemlock    24 

Hickory   48 
Holly    47 

US    WEIGHTS. 
Material  and  unit.   Lbs. 
Oats   32 

MISCI:LLANEO 

Material  and  unit.  Lbs. 
One  keg  —  nails  .  .  .     100 
One    barrel  —  flour    196 
Pork  or  beef  .  .  .     200 
Salt  280 

Potatoes   60 
Rye   .                          56 

Timothy    seed.  .       45 
Wheat  60 

One  bu.—  oysters.       80 
Clams  100 

One    gallon—  mo- 
lasses          12 
Seven   bags    of 
sugar   2,240 
Eleven  bags  of 
potatoes    2,240 
One  bag  of  flour.     140 
One  gal.  of  crude 
oil                              8% 

Barley  48 

Beans  60 
Buckwheat   48 
Castor  beans.  .  .       50 
Clover  seed  60 
Corn    (shelled).      56 
Corn   (on  cob)  .        70 
Malt    34 

Onions   ..                   57 

ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


139 


Gross  tonnage  is  the  measurement  in  regis- 
ter tons  of  the  interior  capacity  of  the  entire 
ship. 

Net  tonnage  is  the  measurement  in  register 
tons  upon  which  payment  is  made,  and  is  the 
volume  of  the  space  available  for  cargo  and 
passengers. 

Block  coefficient  is  the  ratio  of  the  volume 
of  the  displacement  to  the  volume  of  a  block 
having1  the  same  length,  breadth  and  draft  as 
the  vessel.  Cargo  vessels  have  block  coeffi- 
cients ranging:  from  .75  to  .85,  while  fast  pas- 
senger steamers  have  block  -coefficients  of 
about  .65. 

If  the  length,  width  and  draft  of  a  vessel 
are  multiplied  by  the  block  coefficient  and 
this  product  divided  by  the  weight  of  water 
per  ton  (36  cubic  feet  for  fresh  and  35  for 
salt  water  per  ton  of  2,240  pounds)  the  dis- 
placement of  the  vessel  will  be  obtained. 

SHIPPING    TERMS; 

f .  o.  b.  steamer  (free  on  board  steamer) ; 
groods  to  be  delivered  on  board  steamer  by 
seller  at  no  extra  charge  to  purchaser. 

f .  a.  s.  steamer  (free  at  side  steamer)  :  goods 
to  be  delivered  at  side  of  steamer  by  seller. 

f.  f.  a.  steamer  (free  from  alongside  steamer)  : 
the  seller  pays  lighterage  charges  in  the  port 
of  destination  from  the  steamer. 

c.  i.  f .  (cost,  insurance  and  freight)  ;  the 
groods  are  delivered  to  the  purchaser  with  the 
insurance  and  freight  paid  by  the  seller. 

c.  f.  (cost  and  freight)  :  the  goods  are  de- 
livered to  the  purchaser  with  the  freight  paid 
by  the  seller,  but  no  insurance. 

f.  o.  (free  over  side)  :  the  goods  are  deliv- 
ered over  the  side  of  a  vessel:  that  is,  to  a 
lighter  or  on  to  a  pier,  without  any  extra 
charge  to  the  purchaser. 

Bill  of  lading  (b.  1.)  is  a  receipt  for  goods 
delivered  to  a  carrier  for  transportation.  The 
bills  of  lading  of  some  steamship  companies 
contain  the  following  clause:  "Freight  is  to 
be  considered  earned  at  time  of  receipt  of 
shipment  and  is  to  be  paid  whether  vessel  or 
goods  are  lost  or  not."  In  foreign  trade  bills 
of  lading  are  generally  made  out  in  triplicate, 
one  for  the  shipper,  one  for  the  consignee  and 
one  for  the  captain  of  the  vessel. 

"With  exchange"  on  a  draft  means  that  the 
party  on  whom  the  draft  is  drawn  is  to  pay 
the  cost  of  collection. 

Demurrage — A  charge  for  delay  in  loading  or 
unloading  a  vessel. 

,  Lay  days  are  the  days  agreed  upon  by  the 
shipper  and  captain  or  agent  of  a  vessel  for 
loading1  and  discharging  a  cargo,  beyond  which 
a  demurrage  will  be  paid  to  the  owners  of  the 
vessel.  Sundays  and  legal  holidays  do  not 
count  unless  the  term  "running  days"  is  in- 
serted, in  which  case  all  days  are  included. 

Manifest — A  document  signed  by  the  captain 
of  a  vessel  containing  a  list  of  the  goods  and 
merchandise  on  board  with  their  destination, 
for  the  use  of  the  custom  house  officials.  By 
United  States  Revised  Statutes  2807  it  is  re- 
quirrd  to  contain  the  names  of  the  ports  of 
loading  and  destination,  a  description  of  the 
vessel  and  her  port,  names  of  owners  and 
master,  names  of  consignees  and  of  passen- 
gers and  lists  of  the  passengers'  baggage  and 
of  the  sea  stores. 

Clearance  papers — When  ready  for  sea  the 
customs  officials  must  be  provided  with  a  de- 
tail manifest  of  the  ship's  cargo.  If  the  port 
charges  have  been  paid  and  her  cargo  is 
properly  accounted  for,  then  the  collector  of 
the  port  will  furnish  the  captain  with  clear- 
ance papers,  without  which  Uae  vessel  must 
not  leave  port. 

Drawback— A    refund    of   duties  paid   on   im- 


ported material  that  is  used  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  goods  that  are  exported.  The  United 
States  government  allows  the  exporter  the 
import  duty  paid,  less  1  per  cent. 

Salvage — The  reward  granted  by  law  for  eav- 
ing  life  and  property  at  sea. 

Jettison— The  throwing  overboard  of  a  part 
of  the  cargo  or  any  article  on  board  of  a 
ship  for  the  purpose  of  lightening  the  ship  in 
case  of  necessity. 

Bill  of  health— A  certificate  stating  that  the 
vessel  comes  from  a  port  where  no  contagious 
disease  prevails,  and  that  none  of  the  pas- 
sengers (if  carried)  nor  the  crew  at  the  time 
of  departure  was  infected  with  any  disease. 

MARINE    INSURANCE. 

A  contract  of  marine  insurance  is  a  con- 
tract of  indemnity  whereby  the  insurer  un- 
dertakes to  indemnify  the  insured  in  the  man- 
ner and  to  the  extent  agreed  against  marine 
losses;  i.  e..  the  losses  incident  to  marine 
adventure. 

Unless  specially  mentioned  in  the  policy, 
goods  are  not  insured  until  they  are  on  boa-'d 
of  the  vessel  which  is  to  carry  them.  Below 
are  brief  outlines  of  clauses  and  terms  occur- 
ring in  policies. 

General  average— Suppose  a  vessel  springs  a 
leak  and  to  save  her  from  sinking  the  captain 
throws  overboard  a  portion  of  her  cargo 
The  last  shipment  loaded  on  board  is  generally 
the  first  to  come  out. 

If  the  shipment  is  fully  insured  the  under- 
writers will  pay  the  amount  assessed  against 
the  goods,  but  whether  the  goods  are  insured 
or  not  the  general  average  will  make  good  to 
the  owner  the  value  of  the  goods  which  were 
jettisoned  less  the  assessment  which  the  owner 
is  called  upon  to  pay.  It  is  safe  to  figure  that 
all  policies  of  insurance  on  goods  cover  and 
protect  the  merchant  against  assessments  in 
general  average. 

Thus  a  merchant  can  suffer  considerable  loss 
by  reason  of  assessment  levied  against  his 
goods  in  general  average,  although  the  goods 
amve.at  their  destination  in  a  perfectly  sound 
condition— but  such  losses  can  be  fully  covered 
by  insurance. 

Free  of  particular  average  (f.  p.  a.)— Under 
American  conditions  it  is  understood  that  no 
claim  for  partial  loss  or  damage  will  be  al- 
lowed by  the  underwriters  unless  the  loss  or 
damage  is  caused  by  the  vessel's  having  been 
burned,  stranded,  sunk  or  in  collision. 

With  average  (w.  a.)— This  means  that  no 
claim  will  be  made  on  the  underwriters  for 
partial  loss  caused  by  sea  perils  unless  the 
damage  amounts  to  5  per  cent  or  more  of  the 
value  of  the  shipment. 

Free  of  all  average  (f.  a.  a.)— This,  as  the 
clause  signifies,  means  free  of  all  average. 

Collision  or  ruling  or  running  down  clause 
(r.  d.  c.)— This  is  a  clause  in  which  the  un- 
derwriters take  a  burden  of  a  proportion, 
usually  three-quarters,  of  the  damage  inflicted 
on  other  vessels  by  collision  for  which  the  in- 
sured vessel  is  held  to  blame.  Sometimes  this 
clause  is  ext^nd^d  to  cover  the  whole  of  the 
assured's  liabilities  arising  out  of  the  damage 
done  to  property  by  the  collision  of  the  in- 
sured vessel  with  another  and  the  claus^  is 
then  known  as  the  "four-fourths  running  down 
clause." 

Incharmee  clause— This  clause  covers  loss  of 
or  damage  to  hull  and  machinery  thrDugrh  the 
negligence  of  master,  mariners,  engineers  and 
pilots,  or  through  exnlosions.  bursting  of  h  oil- 
ers, breakage  of  shafts  or  through  any  latent 
defect  in  the  machinery  or  hull,  provided  such 
loss  or  damage  has  not  resulted  from  want 
of  due  diligence  by  the  owners  of  the  ehip 
or  by  the  manager. 


140 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


ROAD    CONSTRUCTION    IN 

The  movement  for  building1  good  roads  in  the 
various  states  of  the  union,  after  a  year  or 
more  of  delay  owing1  to  the  world  war.  was 
taken  up  again  in  1919  with  renewed  zeal.  The 
number  of  contracts  for  new  work  was  not  as 
large  as  expected  owing  to  the  high  cost  of 
materials  and  labor,  but  plans  were  made  on  an 
extensive  scale  not  only  for  the  immediate  fu- 
ture but  for  a  number  of  years  to  come.  In 
several  states,  notably  in  the  Mississ:ppi  valley, 
the  legislatures  made  liberal  provisions  for 
pushing1  work  on  good  roads.  Governors,  high- 
way  associations  and  state  and  federal  road  de- 
partments were  active  in  stimulating-  public  in- 
terest in  the  movement  not  only  for  the  sake 
States.  1919. 


THE    UNITED     STATES. 

of   improving1   communications  but   for  giving 
employment  to  returned  soldiers. 

FEDERAL  FUNDS  FOR  ROADS. 
The  postolnce  appropriation  bill  for  the  fis- 
cal year  1920  as  passed  contained  an  amend- 
ment increasing1  the  amount  of  federal-aid 
funds  by  $200.000.000  and  funds  for  forest 
reservation  roads  by  $9.000.000.  This  amend- 
ment will  be  found  under  "Work  of  the  65th 
Congress''  on  another  page  in  this  volume.  The 
apportionment  of  funds  made  available  in 
1919  and  succeeding  years  (fiscal  years  end- 
ing June  30)  for  federal-aid  roads  among  the 
states  was : 

1921. 


1920. 


Total. 


Alabama    .                    51.676,167.27     $1,995,501.79  $2,100,528.20  $5,772,197.26 

Arizona                                    1,096.124.71        1301,582.79  1,370,087.15  3.767.794.65 

1  596  436  11  1.680,459.06  4,615,210.47 

2'896,071.77  3018,496.60  8.378.176.66 

I  648  384.71  1.735.141.80  4,759,446.75 

'583422.84  614.120.30  1,690,104.56 

154630.46  162,768.90  447.748.91 

1  090  214.68  1,147,594.40  3,150.258.97 

2i557.485.02  2.692,089.50  7.402.517.16 

1  159.967.62  1,221.018.55  3.355.357.49 
4'l52  546.23  4.371.101  29  12,030,300.34 
2'564,846.86  2,699.838.80  7.428,078.10 

2  741  787.78  2,886.092  40  7944.106.79 
2/728. 996,46  2.872.627.85  7.896.692.32 
1  856.043.83  1,953.730.35  5,372.039  70 
1.293.3S5.16  1.361,458.06  3,741.751.53 

914.M30  95  962.463.11  2.648.196.53 

826,000.34  869.474.04  2.393.224  49 

1.400.078.27  1.473,766.60  4,053.542.87 

3.749.706.23  2,894,427.60  7.964.055.15 

2,699,471  61  2.841,549.06  7.814.642.78 

1.709.027J70  1.798.976.53  4.942.961.61 

3.221.096.78  3,390.628.19  9.324.804.29 

1,898.987.59  1,998.934.31  5.490.771.51 

2.026.619.93  2.133,284.14  5.866,303.82 

1,221.573.56  1.285.866  90  3,536.798.63 

394.839.72  415.620.76  1,143.870.83 

1.128.696.52  1,188,101.60  3.265.844.18 

1.517.692.98  1,597.571.56  4.388,898.30 
4.727.117.16  4.975.912.80  13  692.821.37 
2.165.957.19  2,279.954.94  6.271.591  83 

1.459.884.53  1.539.720.56  4.222.980.46 
3,523.478  70  3.708.924.95  10.205.625  80 
2.190,805.45  2.306.111.00  6,341.878.29 
1.496.172.29  1.574.918.20  4.330.944.44 
4.362.544  11  4.592,151  69  12.632.849.94 

221.408.81  233.06X.91  640,971.18 

1,332.864.40  1,434.594.10  3.945.192.55 

1,540.369.29  1,621.441  36  4.458.545.00 

2,150.996.65  2.264.207.00  6.230.431.10 

5.559.816.80  5.852,438.74  16.091,245.04 

1.078.424.99  1.135,184.20  3.12281491 
429.376.63  451.975.40  1.244.002.06 

1.884.900.«1  1.984.105.91  5.458.162.37 

1.372.497  77  1,444.734.49  3  971  782  54 

1.010.817.29  1.064.018.20  2!926!369'86 

2.418,598.40  2.545.893.O5  7  005  228  39 

1.164.533  66  1.225.824.90  _3. 370.667  25 

92.150000.00  97.000.000.00  266.750000.00 

2.850.000.00  3.000.000.00  8.250.000.00 

MI.OOO  000.00     95.000,000.00  100  000.000.00  275.000.000.00 

MOTOR  CAR  LICENSE  FEES  PAID  IN  1918. 


Arizona    
Arkansas  

1.338.315.30 

2.433,607.29 

Colorado    

1,375.920.24 

Connecticut    

492.552.42 

Delaware    
Florida  

.    .         130.349.55 
912.44989 

Georgia    
Idaho    

2.152.942.64 
974.371.32 

Illinois               

3.506.652.82 

Indiana   

2.163.392.44 
2.316.226.61 

2.295.068.01 

1.562.265.52 

Louisiana    
Maine  

1.086,908.30 
771,393.47 

Maryland  
Massachusetts    
Michigan    
Minnesota   
Mississippi   
Missouri    
Montana    

697.750.11 
1.179.698.00 
2.319.921.33 
o  073  822  1  1 
1.434,957.38 
2.713.079.32 
1.592.847.61 
1.706.399.75 

Nevada  
New  Hampshire  
New  Jersey  
New  Mexico  
New  York  
North    Carolina  
North    Dakota  

fYhin                                                                

1.029.358.17 
333.410.35 
949.046.06 
1.273.633.76 
3.989.791.41 
1.825.679.70 
1.226.375.37 
2.973.222.15 

Oklahoma   
Oregon    
Pennsylvania    
Rhode    Island  
South    Carolina  
South   Dakota  
Tennessee    
Texas  

1.844,961.84 
1.259.853.95 
3.678.154.14 
186.500.46 
1.147.73405 
1.296.734.35 
1.815.227.45 
-1,678.989.50 
909.205.72 

Vermont    
Virginia    
Washington   

362.650.03 
1.589.155.85 
1.154.550.28 

SM    -V91  .1<7 

™*** .......         o^^^l 


980.308.69 


West 
Wisconsin 

TTT..      .  «7OV/,»JWO.UIT 

WySS2f .       77.600.000701) 

Administration  ' '-'- - '- !  -'-V. 2.400  000.00 

Grand  total 


qtj>tp  Fees. 

*£s* f&M 

irtSSSi -...'•••  ,  iii^-9S 

8SKS3X' ".-.•.•.  3-i3o:8S:S<S 

SSSSS?.::.  iM*i 

Florida  335.000.00 

Georgia    .  349.000.00 

Idaho    .........  575.242.21 

Illinois    2.763.865.03 

Indiana 1.293.12850 

Iowa    2, 547.595. SO 

Kansas 07.36100 

Kentucky 402  234.28 

Louisiana 240.000.00 

Maine   570.119.50 


State. 

Maryland    

Massachusetts 
Michigan  ... 
Minnesota  . 
Mississippi  . 
Missouri  ... 
Montana  ... 
Nebraska  . . 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire 
New    Jersey. . 
New   Mexico 
New   York    .... 
North    Carolina 
North   Dakota. 

Ohio     , 

Oklahoma   


Fees 
$845.660.13 
2.156.845.37 
2.875.266  32 
1.018.635.00 
23,584.00 
1.393.528.19 
350,913.50 
525,000.00 
31.802.75 
438. 756. 7'1 
2.415.039  69 
105,631.35 

'394',728'.67 

452  5^7.87 

1.990.427.50 

1.300.000.00 


.  State. 

Oregon    $461.422.00 


Pennsylvan'a 
Rhode  Island..'.' 
South  Carolina 
South  Dakota.. 
Tennessee 


Utah  

Vermont    

Vi-grinia   

Washington    .. 
West   Virginia. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming , 


731.027.00 
58.796.00 
300.216.72 
282.742.00 
400.000.00 
2.036.588.00 
229.203.24 
398.753.79 


Total   $44.496.232.33 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


141 


Much  of  the  revenue  was  converted  into  state 
road  building  funds. 

FEDERAL  HIGHWAY  COUNCIL. 
The  Federal  Highway  Council  was  formed 
at  a  meeting  held  in  Chicago  April  7.  1919.  by 
representatives  of  340  agencies  which  have 
been  urging  the  building  of  hard  roads.  Its 
aim  is  to  urge  further  federal  aid  for  road 
construction  and  to  co-ordinate  the  efforts  of 
national,  state  and  other  organizations  in 
building  highways.  The  officers  of  the  coun- 
cil are: 

President— S.  M.  Williams.  Lima.  Ohio. 
Secretary-Treasurer— H.   G.    Shirley.    Baltimore. 

Vice-Presidents — Gen.  T.  Ooleman  Du  Pont.  Wil- 
mington. Del.:  David  Jamison,  president 
,  American  Automobile  association:  Col.  C. 
Clifton,  president  National  Automobile  Cham 
ber  of  Commerce,  Cleveland.  Ohio:  Louis  J. 
Hill.  Great  Northern  railway.  St.  Paul.  Minn.: 
A.  H.  Blanchard,  president  American  Road 
Builders'  association.  New  York:  C.  F.  Adams, 
president  Associated  Highways,  Chillicothe. 
Mo. 

ASSOCIATED  HIGHWAYS  OF  AMERICA. 
Delegates  from  thirty-seven  good  roads  asso- 
ciations held  a  conierence  in  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
Jan.  21.  1919.  and  perfected  a  permanent  as- 
sociation, choosing  "The  Associated  Highways 
of  America"  as  the  official  title.  The  general 
officers  elected  were: 

President— C.  F.  Adams.  Chillicothe.  Mo.,  presi- 
dent of  the  Pikes  Peak  ocean  to  ocean  high- 
way. 

Secretary— Frank  A.  Davis.  Kansas  City.  Mo., 
secretary  of  the  National  Old  Trails  associa- 
tion. 

Treasurer — H.  L.  Hutchings,  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
president  of  the  Kansas  City  Automobile  club. 
The  aim   of   the   organization  is  to   promote 
the    construction    of    a    well   defined   and   con- 
nected system  of  improved  highways  and  also 
to  work  for  a  national  system  of  highways. 

ILLINOIS   HARD  ROADS  PLAN. 

The  act  providing  lor  a  statewide  system  of 
durable  hard  roaus  in  liliuois  was  passed  by 
the  legislature  and  approved  by  Gov.  Lpwden 
June  22.  1917.  At  the  November  election  in 
1918  it  was  approved  by  the  electors  of  the 
state  by  a  majouty  of  212.405  votes.  The  act 
provided  for  a  bond  issue  of  $60.000,000  for 
paying  the  cost  of  the  system  of  roads,  the 
work  to  be  under  the  supervision  of  the  state 
department  of  public  works  and  buildings.  In 
order  to  test  the  validity  of  the  act  a  friendly 
suit  was  filed  in  the  Circuit  court  of  Sanga- 
mon  county  by  John  M.  Mitchell.  Judge  E.  S. 
Smith  upheld  the  act  and  an  appeal  was  taken 
to  the  State  Supreme  court  which  on  April 
15.  1919.  handed  down  an  opinion  that  the 
bond  issue  was  valid. 

The  general  location  of  the  routes  of  the 
proposed  roads  is  described  in  the  act.  There 
are  to  be  forty-six  of  them,  the  terminals  and 
intervening  towns  being  as  follows: 

1.  Chicago    to     Metropolis      through     Chicago 
Heights,   Watseka.   Danville,  Paris,  Marshall. 
Robinson,      Lawrencevilie,      Mount      Carmel. 
Albion,     Grayville.     Carmi.     Harrisburg     and 
Vienna. 

2.  Beloit,    Wis..   to   Cairo.    111.,    through  Rock- 
ford,  Oregon,  Dixon.  Mendota,  Peru.  La  Salle, 
El  Paso,  Bloom  ngton,  Clinton,  Decatur.  Pana. 
Vandalia,  Centralia,  Duquoin.  Carbondale  and 
Anna. 

3.  Morrison  to  Chester  through  Prophetstown. 
Moline,  Rock  Island.  Aledo,  'Monmouth,  Ma- 
comb,   Rushville.  Beardstown,    Virginia,   Ash- 
land,    Alexander.     Jacksonville.    White    Hall. 
Carrollton,  Jerseyville,  Alton,  East  St.  Louis 
and  Waterloo. 

i.  Chicago  to  East  St.  Louis  through  Berwyn. 
Riverside.  Lyons,  Joliet,  Dw.ght.  Pontiac, 
Bloomington,  Lincoln,  Elkhart,  Williamsville, 


Springfield.      Carlinville.      Edwardsville      and 
Granite  City. 

5.  Chicago    to    East    Dubuque    through    Elgin. 
Marengo.  Rockford.  Freeport  and  Galena. 

6.  Chicago      to      Fulton      through      Wheaton. 
Geneva.    Elburn,    De   Kalb,    Rochelle.    Dixon. 
Sterling  and  Morrison. 

7.  Joliet  to  East  Moline  through  Morris.  Otta- 
wa.  La  Salle,  Peru.   De  Pue,   Princeton   and 
Geneseo. 

8.  Sheldon   to    Burlington.    la.,    through   Wat- 
seka,    Chenoa,     El    Paso,     Eureka,     Peoria. 
Farmington.     Elmwood.     Yates    City.     Gales- 
burg  and  Monmouth. 

9.  Hoopeston    to    Hamilton    through    Paxton. 
Bloomington,  Carlock.   Goodfield.  Deer  Creek, 
Morton.    Peoria.    Canton.   Prairie  City.    Bush- 
nell.   Macomb   and   Carthage. 

10j  Danville  to  Jacksonville  through  Urbana, 
Champaign,  Monticello.  Bement.  Decatur  and 
Spring-field. 

11.  Marshall  to  East  St.  Louis  through  Green- 
up.    Effingham.    Vandalia.    Greenville.    Baden 
Baden  and  Highland. 

12.  Lawrenceville    to   East    St.   Louis   through 
Olney.   Flora,    Salem.   Carlyle  and  Lebanon. 

13.  Shawneetown    to    East    St.    Louis    through 
Harrisburg-.     Marion,     Carbondale,     Murphys- 
boro,   Pinckneyville.   Sparta  and  Belleville. 

14.  Carmi    to    Duquoin   through  McLeansboro. 
Benton  and  Christopher. 

15.  Albion    to    Belleville     through     Fairfield. 
Mount  Vernon,  Ashley,  Nashville  and  Okaw- 

16.  Pan;  to  Staunton  through  Charleston,  Mat- 
toon.     Shelbyville.     Pana.     Hillsboro.     Litch- 
field  and  Mount  Olive. 

17.  Grant   Park    to   Lacon    through   Momence. 
Kankakee.    Dwight.    Streator.    Eagle    Church 
Corners.  Gai  field,  Wenona.  Custer  and  Lacon. 

18.  Chicago  to  Princeton  through  Aurora,  ps- 
wego,    Yorkville.    Piano.    Sandwich.    Earlville 
and  Mendota. 

19.  Chicago    to    Harvard    through    Barrington 
and  Woodstock. 

20.  Waukegan    to    Woodstock  through   Grays 
Lake  and  McHenry. 

21.  Chicago    to   Wisconsin   state   line  through 
Libertyville  and  Antioch. 

22.  Chicago    Heights   to   Lake   Forest  through 
Joliet.    Aurora.    Geneva.    Elgin.   Dundee.   Car- 
pentersville   and  Barrington. 

23.  Wisconsin   state    line    to   Streator  through 
Harvard.    Marengo.    Sycamore.    De   Kalb    and 

24.  Peoria  to  Pana  through  Pekin.  Green  Val- 
ley,   'Mason    City,     Greenview.    Athens     and 

25PKankakee  to  Fairfield  through  Gilman. 
Paxton.  Champaign.  Tuscola.  Mattoon.  Ef- 
fing-ham, Tolliver,  Louisville  and  Flora. 

26.  Freeport  to  Dixon  through  Polo. 

27.  Polo  to  Savanna  through  Mount  Carroll. 
28    Galesburg  to  Sheffield  through  Kewanee. 
29.  Peoria  to  De  Pue  through  Chillicothe  and 

30.epeoria   to   Galva   through   Princeville   and 
31WC°aIntcn'   to    Quincy     through     Lewistown. 


Sullivan, 
Lovington.  Ulrich  Station  and  Lake  City. 

33.  Effingham   to   Robinson  through   Newton 

34.  Harrisburg     to     Elizabethtown     and     Gol- 

35  Route  2  north  of  Cairo  to  Mound  City. 

36  Carthage   to   Jacksonville   through    Bowen 
Ursa.    Quincy.    Payson.   Barry.    Pittsfield   and 
Winchester. 

37.  Mount  Vernon  to  Marion  through  Benton. 

38.  Jerseyville   to   Hardin   and   Kampsville. 

39.  Champaign    to    Bloomington    through    Ma- 
homet.  Mansfield.   Farmer   City   and  Leroy. 

40.  Sterling  to  Milledgeville,  Chadwick,  Mount 
Carroll  and  Stockton. 

41.  Galesburg  to  Abingdon.  Avon  and  Praino 
City, 


142 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


42.  Chicago   to    Wisconsin    state  line   through 
Waukegan   and   Zion   City. 

43.  Havana  to  Mason  City. 

44.  Joliet    to    Kankakee    through    Manhattan 
and  Wilton  Center. 

45.  Garfield  to  Dana. 

46.  Arlington   Heights   to  Oak   Lawn   through 
Mount  Prospect,  Des  Plaines.  Franklin  Park, 
River  Grove,  Maywood.  Broadview.  La  Grange 
Park,  La  Grange,  Lyons  and  Summit. 
Contracts   were  let  by  the   state  department 

of  public  works  at  Spr  ngfiold  on  May  6,  1919. 
for  the  improvement  of  650  miles  of  road  at 
an  average  price  of  $27,900  per  mile.  The 
cost  of  the  sections  awarded  averaged  about 
40  per  cent  higher  than  it  would  have  been 
"before  the  war.  The  roads  to  be  modernized 
were  the  old  Cumberland  or1  National  trail,  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  state,  running  from 
the  state  line  near  Terre  Haute  to  St.  Louis; 


the  Dixie  highway,  near  the  eastern  line  of  the 
state  from  Chicago  Heights  to  Danville;  the 
Chicago,  Joliet.  Ottawa,  La  Salle.  Peoria. 
Springfield,  Carlinville,  Edwardsville.  and  East 
St.  Louis:  the  Lincoln  highway,  from  Chicago 
to  Fulton;  the  Wiscons'n  road  from  Niles  to 
the  Wisconsin  line  north  of  Zion  City. 

GOOD  ROADS  LAW  IN  MISSOURI. 

In     April,     1919,     the     Missouri     legislature 

passed    a   good    roads   law   in   providing   for  a 

system  of  6,000  miles  of  graded  highways  in 

the   state. 

MILLIONS  FOR  MINNESOTA  ROADS. 
The  Minnesota  legislature  in  February.  1919, 
passed  a  bill  providing  for  a  bond  issue  of 
S75.000.000  for  the  construction  of  trunk 
roads  and  connecting  links  throughout  the 
state. 


THE  ROCKEFELLER   FOUNDATION. 


The  Rockefeller  Foundation,  with  a  fund  of 
approximately  $100,000,000  donated  by  John 
D.  Rockefeller,  was  chartered  by  the  state  of 
New  York  in  1913.  The  officers  in  1918-1919 

Chairman  of  Trustees— John  D.  Rockefeller,  Jr. 
President — George   E.   Vincent. 
Secretary— Edwin  R.   Embree. 
Treasurer— L.   G.  Myers. 
Comptroller— Robert  H.  Kirk. 
Headquarters — 61  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
During   the   calendar  year   1918    the  Rocke- 
feller   Foundation,    through    its    own    depart- 
ments and  by  co-operation  with  seventeen  in- 
dependent   agencies,   engaged   in   the  following 
•work: 

1.  Extended  the  campaign   against  tubercu- 
losis in  France. 

2.  Conducted     demonstrations      of      malaria 
control  in  Arkansas   and  Mississippi. 

3.  Helped  to  check  a  yellow  fever  epidemic 
in  Guatemala* 

.  4.  Made  investigations  and  surveys  and  in- 
augurated measures  against  the  same  disease 
in  Ecuador. 

5.  Continued    or    began    hookworm    control 
and  encouraged   sanitation  in    twenty-one   for- 
eign states  and  countries  and  twelve  states  of 
the  Union. 

6.  Entered   into   comprehensive   co-operation 
for  improved  health  oiganization  in  Brazil  and 
Australia. 

7.  Supported   a  school  of  hygiene  and  pub- 
lic health  in  connection  with  the  Johns  Hop- 
kins university. 

8.  Continued   to    contribute   to    various   war 
•work  agencies  until  the  total  given  since  1914 
reached  nearly  $22,500,000. 

9.  Pushed   forward   the   fifteen  buildings   of 
a  new  medical  center  in  Pekin. 

10.  Increased     the     funds     of     twenty-four 
missionary   tmspitals,   medical  and   pre-medical 
schools  in  China. 


11.  Co-operated  with  South  American  insti- 
tutions in  establishing  certain  departments  of 
research   and  teaching. 

12.  Maintained       sixty-eight       fellows      and 
scholars    from    the   United    States,    China    and 
Brazil,   who  were  studying  at  American  medi- 
cal schools. 

13.  Supported  studies  in  mental  hygiene. 

14.  Continued    appropriations    for    the    care 
of  infantile  paralysis  cases-. 

15.  Made    additional   gifts   to  the   Rockefel- 
ler Institute  for  Medical  Research. 

16.  Lent  expert  members  of  the  Foundation 
staff  for  various  services. 

17.  Brought  to  an  end  studies  in  industrial 
relations. 

18.  Made    surveys    for    the    American    Red 
Cross    and    for    the    American    Social    Hygiene 
association. 

The  book  value  of  the  principal  funds  of 
the  Foundation  on  Jan.  1.  1919,  were:  Gen- 
eral fund,  $120.765,856:  Laura  S.  Rockefel- 
ler fund,  $152.733;  reserve,  $1.258.036:  spe- 
cial designated  funds.  $116,800.  Following  is 
a  statement  of  the  receipts  and  disbursements 
of  1918: 

RECEIPTS. 

Income   collected   $7,610.827 

Held  from   3917 11.629.048 

Gift    from   founder 1,000,000 

Total     .* 20,239,875 

EXPENDITURES. 

War    work    11,105,226 

Public  health    1255990 

Medical   education    2,419.866 

Miscellaneous    128,314 

Administration    140,808 

Pledged    for    1919 5,189,673 

Total     20,239,875 


FOREIGN  BIRTH 

Rate 

Country  and  year.  Births, 

United  States    (1916) 24.8 

Australian  Com.    (1915) 27.3 

Austria    (1912) 31.3 

Belgium    (1912) 22.6 

Bulgaria   (1911) 40. 2> 

Ceylon    (1915) 37.0 

Chile    (1914) 37.0 

Denmark   (1915) 24.2 

England  and  Wales    (1915) 22.0 

Finland    (1914) 26.9 

France    (1912) 19.0 

German  empire    (1913) 27.5 

Hungary   (1912) 36.3 

Ireland    (1915) 22.0 

Italy    (1913) 31.7 


AND  INFANT  MORTALITY  RATES. 

per  1,000  population. 

Deaths.        Country  and  year.  Births. 

14.7     Jamaica    (1915)  ..............  346 

Japan    (1913)  .......... 

Netherlands    (1915)  ..............  26>2 

New    Zealand    (1915)     ..........  25.3 

Norway     (1915)  ........  ..  252 

Ontario   (1915)  ...................  24*2 

Prussia   (1912)  ...................  28.9 

Roumania     (1914)  .......  ..425 

Russia   (1909)  ....................  44.0 

Scotland   (1915)  ...............  23.9 

Serbia    (1911)  ...............  36.2 

Sv.eden    (1913)  .................  ...  23.2 

Switzerland    (1914)  ..............  22.5 

United  Kingdom   (1915)  .........  22.2 


. 

10.7 
20.5 
14.8 
21.5 
25.2 
27.8 
12.8 
15.7 
15.6 
17.5 
15.0 

.3 


23. 

17.6 

18.7 


Deaths. 
21.6 
19.5 
12.4 
9.1 
13.5 
12.0 
15.5 
23.8 
28.9 
17.1 
21.8 
13.6 
13.8 
15.6 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


14S 


COST  OF  LIVING  IN 

PRESIDENT  WILSON'S  MESSAGE. 

The  continued  increase  in  the  cost  of  food, 
clothing',  rents  and  the  necessities  of  life  gen- 
erally compelled  the  government  of  the  United 
States  to  take  radical  action  early  in  August. 
1919.  So  numerous  and  bitter  were  the  com- 
plaints of  the  consumers  and  so  threatening 
had  the  labor  situation  become  that  President 
Wilson  finally  took  the  matter  up  in  earnest 
with  his  cabinet  and  then  appealed  to  con- 
gress lor  legislative  aid  in  curbing  the  prof- 
iteers and  regulating  prices.  His  address,  de- 
livered before  a  joint  session  of  both  houses 
on  Aug.  8,  follows: 

"Gentlemen  of  the  Congress:  I  have  sought 
this  opportunity  to  address  you  because  it  is 
clearly  my  duty  to  call  your  attention  to  the 
present  cost  of  living  and  to  urge  upon  you, 
wiih  all  the  persuasive  force  of  which  I  am 
capable,  the  legislative  measures  which  would 
be  most  effective  in  controlling  it  and  bringing 
it  down. 

"The  prices  the  people  of  this  country  are 
paying  for  everything  that  it  is  necessary  for 
them  to  use  in  order  to  live  are  not  justified 
by  a  shortage  in  supply,  either  present  or 
prospective,  and  are  in  many  cases  artificially 
and  deliberately  created  by  vicious  practices 
which  ought  immediately  to  be  checked  by 
law. 

"They  constitute  a  burden  upon  us  which  is 
the'  more  unbearable  because  we  know  that  it 
is  willfully  imppsed  by  those  who  have  the 
power  and  that  it  can,  by  vigorous  public  ac- 
tion, be  greatly  lightened  and  made  to  square 
with  the  actual  conditions  of  supply  and  de- 
mand. 

"Some  of  the  methods  by  which  these  prices 
are  produced  are  already  illegal,  some  of  them 
criminal  and  those  who  employ  them  will  be 
energetically  proceeded  against;  but  others 
have  not  yet  been  brought  under  the  law,  and 
should  be  dealt  with  at  once  by  legislation. 

"I  need  not  recite  the  part  culars  of  this 
critical  matter — the  prices  demanded  and  paid 
at  the  sources  of  supply,  at  the  factory,  in 
the  food  markets,  at  the  shops,  in  the  restau- 
rants and  hotels,  alike  in  the  city  and  in  the 
village.  They  are  familiar  to  you.  They  are 
the  talk  of  every  domestic  circle  and  of  every 
group  of  casual  acquaintances  even. 

"It  is  a  matter  of  fam.liar  knowledge  also 
that  a  process  has  set  in  which  is  likely,  un- 
less something  is  done,  to  push  prices  and 
rents  and  the  whole  cost  of  living  higher  and 
yet  higher,  in  a  vicious  cycle  to  which  there 
is  no  logical  or  natural  end. 

"With  the  increase  in  the  prices  of  the  nec- 
essaries of  life  come  demands  for  increases  in 
wages— demands  which  are  justified  if  there  be 
no  other  means  of  enabling  men  to  live.  Upon 
the  increase  of  wages  there  follows  close  an 
increase  in  the  price  of  the  products  whose 
producers  have  been  accorded  the  increase — 
not  a  proportionate  increase,  ior  the  manufac- 
turer does  not  content  himself  with  that,  but 
an  increase  considerably  greater  than  the  added 
wage  cost  and  for  which  the  added  wage  cost 
is  oftentimes  hardly  more  than  an  excuse. 

"The  laborers  who  do  not  get  an  increase  in 
pay  when  they  demand  it  are  likely  to  strike, 
and  the  strike  only  makes  matters  worse.  It 
checks  production.  It  affects  the  railways:  it 
prevents  distribution  and  strips  the  markets, 
so  that  there  is  presently  nothing  to  buy  and 
there  is  another  excessive  addition  to  prices 
resulting  frorr  the  scarcity. 

"These  are  facts  and  forces  with  which  we 
have  become  only  too  familiar;  but  we  are 
not  justified,  because  of  our  familiarity  with 
them  or  because  of  any  hasty  and  shallow  con- 
clus'on  that  they  are  'natural'  and  inevitable. 
in  sitting  inactively  by  and  letting  them  work 
their  fatal  results  if  there  is  anything  that  we 
can  do  to  check,  correct  and  reverse  them. 

I   have   sought   this    opportunity    to   inform 


THE  UNITED  STATES. 

the  congress  what  the  executive  is  doing-  by 
way  oi  remedy  and  control  and  to  suggest 
where  effective  legal  remedies  are  lacking  and 
may  be  supplied. 

"We  must,  I  think,  frankly  admit  that  there 
is  no  complete  immediate  remedy  to  be  had 
from  legislation  and  executive  action.  The  free 
processes  of  supply  and  demand  will  not  oper- 
ate of  themselves  and  no  legislative  or  execu- 
tive action  can  force  them  into  full  and  nat- 
ural operation  until  there  is  peace. 

''There  is  now  neither  peace  nor  war.  All 
the  world  is  waiting — with  what  unnerving1  , 
fears  and  haunting  doubts  who  can  adequately 
say?— waiting  to  know  when  it  comes— a  peace 
in  which  each  nation  shall  make  shift  for  it- 
self as  it  can,  or  a  peace  buttressed  and  sup- 
ported by  the  will  and  concert  of  the  nations 
that  have  the  purpose  and  the  power  to  do 
and  to  enforce  what  is  right. 

"Politically,  economically,  socially,  the  world 
is  on  the  operating  table,  and  it  has  not  been 
possible  to  administer  any  anaesthetic.  It  is 
conscious.  It  even  watches  the  capital  oper- 
ation upon  wh:ch  it  knows  that  its  hope  of 
healthful  life  depends.  It  cannot  think  ita 
business  out  or  make  plans  or  give  intelligent 
and  provident  direction  to  its  affairs  while  in 
such  a  case. 

"Where  there  is  no  peace  of  mind  there  can 
be  no  energy  in  endeavor.  There  can  be  no 
confidence  in  industry,  no  calculable  basis  for 
credits,  no  confident  buying  or  systematic  sell- 
ing, no  certain  prospect  of  employment,  no 
normal  restoration  of  business,  no  hopeful  at- 
tempt at  reconstruction  or  the  proper  reassem- 
bling of  the  dislocated  elements  of  enterprise 
until  peace  has  been  established  and.  so  far  as 
rr.ay  be,  guaranteed. 

"Our  national  life  has  no  doubt  been  less  * 
radically  d  sturbed  and  dismembered  than  the 
national  life  of  other  peoples  whom  the  war 
more  directly  affected,  with  all  its  terrible  rav- 
aging and  destructive  force:  but  it  has  been, 
nevertheless,  profoundly  affected  and  disar- 
ranged and  our  industries,  our  credits,  our 
productive  capacity,  our  economic  processes, 
are  inextricably  interwoven  with  those  of  other 
nations  and  peoples — most  intimately  of  all 
with  the  nations  and  peoples  upon  whom  the 
chief  burden  and  confusion  of  the  war  fell  and 
who  are  now  most  dependent  upon  the  co- 
operative action  of  the  world. 

"We  are  just  now  shipping  more  goods  out 
of  our  ports  to  foreign  markets  than  we  ever 
shipped  before^not  foodstuffs  merely,  but 
stuffs  and  materials  of  every  sort;  but  this  it 
no  index  oi  what  our  foreign  sales  will  con- 
tinue to  be  or  of  the  effect  the  volume  of  our 
exports  will  have  on  supplies  and  prices. 

"It  is  impossible  yet  to  predict  how  far  OP 
for  how  long  foreign  purchasers  w.ll  be  able  to 
find  the  money  or  the  credit  to  pay  for  OP 
sustain  such  purchases  on  such  a  scale;  how 
soon  or  to  what  extent  foreign  manufacturers 
can  resume  their  former  production,  foreign 
farmers  get  their  accustomed  crops  from  their 
own  fields,  foreign  mines  resume  their  former 
cut  put,  foreign  merchants  set  up  again  theip 
old  machinery  of  trade  with  the  ends  of  tho 
earth. - 

"All  these  things  must  remain  uncertain 
until  peace  is  established  and  the  nations  of 
the  world  have  concerted  the  methods  by 
which  normal  life  and  industry  are  to  be  re- 
stored. All  that  we  shall  do.  in  the  mean- 
time, to  restrain  profiteering  and  put  the  life 
of  our  people  upon  a  tolerable  footing  will  be 
makeshift  and  provisional. 

'There  can  be  no  settled  conditions  here  or 
elsewhere  until  the  treaty  of  peace  is  out  of 
the  way  and  the  work  of  liquidating  the  war 
has  become  the  chief  concern  of  our  govern- 
ment and  the  other  governments  of  the  world. 

Until  then,  business  will  inevitably  remain 
speculative  and  away  now  this  way  and  again 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


that,  with  heavy  losses  or  heavy  gains  as  it 
may  chance,  and  the  consumer  must  take  care 
of  both  the  Rains  and  the  losses.  There  can 
be  no  peace  prices  so  long1  as  our  whole  finan- 
cial and  economic  system  is  on  a  war  basis. 

"Europe  will  not.  cannot,  recoup  her  capital 
or  put  her  restless,  distracted  people  to  work 
until  she  knows  exactly  where  she  stands  in 
respect  of  peace;  and  what  we  will  do  is  for 
her  the  chief  question  upon  which  her 
quietude  of  mind  and  confidence  of  purpose  de- 
pend. While  there  is  any  possibility  that 
the  peace  terms  may  be  changed  or  may  be 
held  longr  in  abeyance  or  may  not  be  enforced 
because  of  divisions  of  opinion  among-  the 
powers  associated  against  Germany,  it  is  idle 
to  look  for  permanent  relief. 

"But  what  we  can  do  we  should  do.  and 
should  do  at  once.  And  there  is  a  great  deal 
that  we  can  do.  provisional  though  it  be. 
Wheat  shipments  and  ered-ts  t9  facilitate  the 
purchase  of  our  wheat  can  and  will  be  limited 
and  controlled  in  such  a  way  as  not  to  raise 
but  rather  to  lower  the  price  of  flour  here. 
The  government  has  the  power,  within  cer- 
tain limits,  to  regulate  that. 

"We  cannot  deny  wheat  to  foreign  peoples 
who  are  in  dire  need  of  it  and  we  do  not  wish 
to  do  so,  but.  fortunately,  though  the  wheat 
crop  is  not  what  we  hoped  it  would  be,  it  is 
abundant  if  handled  with  provident  care.  The 
price  of  wheat  is  lower  in  the  United  States 
than  in  Europe  and  can,  with  proper  man- 
agement, be  kept  so. 

"By  way  of  immediate  relief,  surplus  stocks 
of  both  food  and  clothing  in  the  hands  of  the 
government  will  be  sold,  and,  of  course,  sold 
at  prices  at  which  there  is  no  profit.  And 
by  way  of  a  more  permanent  correction  of 
prices  surplus  stocks  in  private  hands  will  be 
drawn  out  of  storage  and  put  upon  the 
market. 

"Fortunately,  under  the  terms  of  the  food 
control  act,  the  hoarding-  of  foodstuffs  can  be 
checked  and  prevented:  and  they  will  be,  with 
the  greatest  energy.  Foodstuffs  can  be  drawn 
out  of  storage  and  sold  by  legal  action  which 
the  department  of  justice  will  institute  wher- 
ever necessary:  but  soon  as  the  situation  is 
systematically  dealt  with  it  is  not  likely  that 
the  courts  will  often  have  to  be  resorted  to. 

"Much  of  the  accumulating  of  stocks  has  no 
doubt  been  due  to  the  sort  of  speculation 
which  always  results  from  uncertainty.  Great 
surpluses  were  accumulated  because  it  was 
impossible  to  foresee  what  the  market  would 
disclose  and  dealers  were  determined  to  be 
ready  for  whatever  might  happen,  as  well  as 
eager  to  reap  the  full  advantage  of  rising 
prices.  They  will  now  see  the  disadvantage, 
as  well  as  the  danger,  of  holding  off  from  the 
new  process  of  distribution. 

"Some  very  interesting  and  significant  facts 
with  regard  to  stocks  on  hand  and  the  rise  of 
prices  in  the  face  of  abundance  have  been  dis- 
closed by  the  inquiries  of  the  department  of 
agriculture,  the  department  of  labor  and  the 
federal  trade  commission.  They  seem  to  jus- 
tify the  statement  that  in  the  case  of  many 
necessary  commodities  effective  means  have 
been  found  to  prevent  the  normal  operation  of 
Hie  law  of  supply  and  demand. 

"Disregarding  the  surplus  stock  in  the  hands 
»f  the  government,  there  was  a  greater  supply 
•f  foodstuffs  in  this  country  on  June  1  of  this 
rear  than  at  the  same  date  last  year. 

"In  the  combined  total  of  a  number  of  the 
most  important  foods  in  dry  and  cold  storage 
the  excess  is  19  per  cent.  And  yet  prices 
kave  risen.  The  supply  of  fresh  eggs  on  hand 
,n  June  of  this  year,  for  example,  was  greater 
oy  nearly  10  r»°r  cent  than  the  supply  on  hand 
it  the  same  time  last  year,  and  yet  the  whole- 
sale price  was  40  cents  a  dozen  as  against  30 
jent.s  a  year  ago. 

"The  stock  of  frozen  fowls  had  increased 
more  than  298  per  cent,  and  yet  the  price  had 
risen  also  from  34%  cents  per  pound  to  37% 


cents.  The  supply  of  creamery  butter  had  in- 
creased 129  per  cent  and  the  price  from  41  to 
53  cents  per  pound. 

"The  supply  of  salt  beef  had  been  aug- 
mented 3  per  cent  and  the  price  had  gone  up 
from  $34  a  barrel  to  $36  a  barrel.  Canned 
corn  had  increased  in  stock  nearly  92  per  cent 
and  had  remained  substantially  the  same  in 
price. 

"In  a  few  foodstuffs  the  prices  had  declined, 
but  in  nothing  like  the  proportion  in  which 
the  supply  had  increased.  For  example,  the 
stock  of  canned  tomatoes  had  increased  102 
ppr  cont  and  yet  the  price  had  declined  only 
25  cents  per  dozen  cans.  In  some  cases  there 
had  been  the  usual  result  of  an  increase  of 
price  following  a  decrease  of  supply,  but  in 
almost  every  instance  the  increase  of  price 
had  been  disproportionate  to  the  decrease  in 
stock. 

"The  attorney-general  has  been  making  a 
careful  study  of  the  situation  as  a  whole  and 
of  the  laws  that  can  be  applied  to  better  it 
and  is  convinced  that,  under  the  stimulation 
and  temptation  of  exceptional  circumstances, 
combinations  of  producers  and  combinations 
of  traders  have  been  formed  for  the  control 
of  supplies  and  of  prices  which  are  clearly 
in  restraint  of  trade  and  against  these  prosecu- 
tions will  be  promptly  instituted  and  actively 
pushed,  which  will  in  all  likelihood  have  a 
prompt  corrective  effect. 

"There  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  prices 
of  leather,  of  coal,  of  lumber  and  of  textiles 
have  been  materially  affected  by  forms  of  con- 
cert and  co-operation  among  the  producers  and 
marketers  of  these  and  other  universally  nec- 
essary commodities  which  it  will  be  possible 
to  redress. 

"No  watchful  or  energetic  effort  will  be 
spared  to  accomplish  this  necessary  result.  I 
trust  that  there  will  not  be  many  cases  in 
which  prosecution  will  be  necessary.  Public 
action  will  no  doubt  cause  many  who  have 
perhaps  unwittingly  adopted  illegal  methods  to 
abandon  them  promptly  and  of  their  own 
motion. 

"And  publicity  can  accomplish  a  great  deal. 
The  purchaser  can  often  take  care  of  himself 
if  he  knows  the  facts  and  influences  with 
which  he  is  dealing  and  purchasers  are  not 
disinclined  to  do  anything,  either  singly  or 
collectively,  that  may  be  necessary  for  their 
self-protection. 

"The  department  of  commerce,  the  depart- 
ment of  agriculture,  the  department  of  labor 
and  the  federal  trade  commission  can  do  a 
great  deal  toward  supplying  the  public,  sys- 
tematically and  at  short  intervals,  with  infor- 
mation regarding  the  actual  supply  of  particu- 
lar commodities  that  is  in  existence  and  avail- 
able, with  regard  to  supplies  which  are  in  ex- 
istence but  not  available  because  of  hoarding, 
and  with  regard  to  the  methods  of  price 
fixing  which  are  being  used  by  dealers  in  cer- 
tain foodstuffs  and  other  necessaries. 

"There  can  be  little  doubt  that  retailers  are 
in  part — sometimes  in  large  part — responsible 
for  exorbitant  prices;  and  it  is  quite  prac- 
ticable for  the  government,  through  the  agen- 
cies I  have  mentioned,  to  supply  the  public 
with  full  information  as  to  the  prices  at 
which  retailers  buy  and  as  to  the  costs  of 
transportation  they  pay.  in  order  that  it  may 
be  known  just  what  margin  of  profit  they  are 
demanding.  Opinion  and  concerted  action  on 
the  part  of  purchasers  can  probably  do  the 
rest. 

"That  is.  these  agencies  may  perform  this 
indispensable  service  provided  the  congress 
will  supply  them  with  the  necessary  funds  to 
prosecute  their  inquiries  and  keep  their  price 
lists  up  to  date. 

"'Hitherto  the  appropriation  committees  of 
the  houses  have  not  always,  I  fear,  seen  the 
full  value  of  these  inquiries  and  the  depart- 
ments and  commissions  have  been  very  much 
straitened  for  means  to  give  this  service. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


145 


That  adequate  funds  be  provided  by  appropri- 
ation for  this  purpose  and  provided  as  prompt- 
ly as  possible,  is  one  of  the  means  of  greatly 
ameliorating:  the  present  distressing:  conditions 
of  livelihood  that  I  have  come  to  urg-e  in  this 
attempt  to  concert  with  you  the  best  ways  to 
serve  the  country  in  this  emergency.  It  is  one 
of  the  absolutely  necessary  means,  underlying: 
many  others,  and  can  be  supplied  at  once. 

"There  are  many  other  ways.  Existing-  law 
is  inadequate.  There  are  many  perfectly  legit- 
imate methods  by  which  the  government  can 
exercise  restraint  and  guidance. 

"L»et  me  urge,  in  the  first  place,  that  the 
present  food  control  act  should  be  extended 
both  as  to  the  period  of  time  during  which 
it  shall  remain  in  operation  and  as  to  the  com- 
modities to  which  it  shall  apply.  Its  pro- 
visions against  hoarding  should  be  made  to 
apply  not  only  to  food  but  also  to  foodstuffs, 
to  fuel,  to  clothing  and  to  many  other  com- 
modities, which  are  indisputably  necessaries  of 

"As  it  stands  now,  it  is  limited  in  operation 
to  the  period  of  the  war  and  becomes  inopera- 
tive upon  the  formal  proclamation  of  peace. 
But  I  should  judge  that  it  was  clearly  within 
the  constitutional  power  of  the  congress  to 
make  similar  permanent  provisions  and  regu- 
lations with  regard  to  all  goods  dest  ned  for 
interstate  commerce  and  to  exclude  them  from 
interstate  shipment  if  the  requirements  of  the 
law  are  not  complied  with. 

"Some  such  regulation  is  imperatively  nec- 
essary. The  abuses  that  have  grown  up  in 
the  manipulation  of  prices  by  the  withhold- 
ing of  foodstuffs  and  other  necessaries  of  life 
cannot  otherwise  be  effectively  prevented. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  of  either  the  necessity 
or  the  legitimacy  of  such  measures.  May  I 
not  call  attention  to  the  fact.  also.  that,  al- 
though the  present  act  prohibits  profiteering, 
the  prohibition  is  accompanied  by  no  penalty? 
It  is  clearly  in  the  public  interest  that  a  pen- 
alty should  be  provided  which  will  be  persua- 
sive. 

"To  the  same  end  I  earnestly  recommend, 
in  the  second  place,  that  the  congress  pass  a 
law  regulating  cold  storage  as  it  is  regulated, 
for  example,  by  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New 
Jersey,  which  limit  the  time  during  which 
goods  may  be  kept  in  storage,  prescribe  the 
method  of  disposing  of  them  if  kept  beyond 
the  permitted  period  and  require  that  goods 
released  from  storage  shall  in  all  cases  bear 
the  date  of  their  receipt. 

"It  would  materially  add  to  the  serviceability 
of  the  law.  for  the  purpose  we  now  have  in 
view,  if  it  were  also  prescribed  that  all  goods 
» released  from  storage  for  interstate  shipment 
should  have  plainly  marked  upon  each  pack- 
age the  selling  or  market  price  at  which  they 
went  into  storage.  By  this  means  the  pur- 
chaser would  always  be  able  to  learn  what 
profits  stood  between  him  and  the  producer 
or  the  wholesale  dealer. 

"It  would  serve  as  a  useful  example  to  the 
other  communities  of  this  country,  as  well  as 
greatly  relieve  'local  distress,  if  the  congress 
were  to  regulate  all  such  matters  very  fully 
for  the  District  of  Columbia,  where  its  legis- 
lative authority  is  without  limit. 

"I  would  also  recommend  that  it  be  required 
that  all  goods  destined  for  interstate  com- 
merce should,  in  every  case  where  their  fprm 
or  package  makes  it  possible,  be  plainly 
marked  with  the  price  at  which  they  left  the 
hands  of  the  producer.  Such  a  requirement 
would  bear  a  close  analogy  to  certain  pro- 
visions of  the  pure  food  act,  by  which  it  is 
required  that  certain  detailed  information  be 
given  on  the  labels  of  packages  of  food  and 
drugs. 

"And  it  does  not  seem  to  me  that  we  can 
C9nfine  ourselves  to  detailed  measures  of  this 
kind,  if  it  is  indeed  our  purpose  to  assume  na- 
tional control  of  the  processes  of  distribution. 
I  take  it  for  granted  that  that  is  our  pur- 


pose and  our  duty.  Nothing  less  will  suffice. 
We  need  not  hesitate  to  handle  a  national 
question  in  a  national  way. 

"We  should  go  beyond  the  measures  I  have 
suggested.  We  should  formulate  a  law  re- 
quiring a  federal  license  of  all  corporations 
engaged  in  interstate  commerce  and  embody- 
ing in  the  license,  or  in  the  conditions  under 
which  it  is  to  be  issued,  specific  regulations 
designed  to  secure  competitive  selling  and  pre- 
vent unconscionable  profits  in  the  method  of 
marketing.  Such  a  law  would  afford  a  wel- 
come opportunity  to  effect  other  much  needed 
reforms  in  the  business  of  interstate  shipment 
and  in  the  methods  of  corporations  which  are 
engaged  in  it.  but  for  the  moment  I  confine 
my  recommendations  to  the  object  immediate- 
ly in  hand,  which  is  to  lower  the  cost  ol 
living. 

".May  I  not  add  that  there  is  a  bill  now 
pending  before  the  congress  which,  if  passed, 
would  do  much  to  stop  speculation  and  to  pre- 
vent the  fraudulent  methods  of  promotion  by 
which  pur  people  are  annually  fleeced  by 
many  millions  of  hard  earned  money?  I  refer 
to  the  measure  proposed  by  the  capital  issues 
committee  for  the  control  of  security  issues. 
It  is  a  measure  formulated  by  men  who  know 
the  actual  conditions  of  business  and  its  adop- 
tion would  serve  a  great  and  beneficent  pur- 
pose. 

"We  are  dealing,  gentlemen  of  the  congress. 
I  need  hardly  say.  with  very  critical  and  very 
difficult  matters.  We  should  go  forward  with 
confidence  along  the  road  we  see,  but  we 
should  also  se>ek  to  comprehend  the  whole  of 
the  scene  amidst  which  we  act.  There  is  no 
ground  for  some  of  the  fearful  forecasts  I 
hear  uttered  about  me,  but  the  condition  of 
the  world  is  unquestionably  very  grave  and  we 
should  face  it  comprehendingly. 

"The  situation  of  our  own  country  is  excep- 
tionally fortunate.  We.  of  all  peoples,  can  af- 
ford to  keep  our  heads  and  to  determine  upon 
moderate  and  sensible  courses  of  action  wh  ch 
will  insure  us  against  the  passions  and  dis- 
tempers which  are  working  such  deep  unhap- 
piness  for  some  of  the  distressed  nations  on 
the  other  side  of  the  sea.  But  we  may  be  in- 
volved in  their  distresses,  unless  we  help  and 
help  with  energy  and  intelligence. 

"The  world  must  pay  for  the  appalling  de- 
struction wrought  by  the  great  war  and  we  are 
part  of  the  world.  We  must  pay  our  share. 
For  five  years  now  the  industty  of  all  Europe 
has  been  slack  and  disordered.  The  normal 
crops  have  not  been  produced;  the  normal 
quantity  of  manufactured  goods  has  not  been 
turned  out.  Not  until  there  are  the  usual 
crops  and  the  usual  production  of  manufac- 
tured goods  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic 
can  Europe  return  to  the  former  conditions: 
and  it  v/as  upon  the  former  conditions,  not 
the  present,  that  our  economic  relations  with 
Europe  were  built  up. 

"We  must  face  the  fact  that  unless  we 
help  Europe  to  get  back  to  her  normal  life 
and  production  a  chaos  will  ensue  there  which 
will  inevitably  be  communicated  to  this  coun- 
try. For  the  present,  it  i=  manifest,  we  must 
quicken,  not  slacken,  our  own  production.  We. 
and  we  almost  alone,  now  hold  the  world 
steady.  Upon  our  steadfastness  and  self-pos- 
session depend  the  affairs  of  nations  every- 
where. It  is  in  this  supreme  crisis — this  crisis 
for  all  mankind — that  America  must  prove  her 
mettle. 

"In  the  presence  of  a  world  confused,  dis- 
tracted, she  must  show  herself  self-possessed, 
self-contained,  capable  of  sober  and  effective 
action.  She  saved  Europe  by  her  action  in 
arms:  she  must  now  sav»e  it  by  her  act'on 
in  peace.  In  saving  Europe  she  will  save  her- 
self, as  she  d;d  upon  the  battle  fields  of  the 
war.  The  calmness  and  capacity  with  which 
she  deals  with  and  masters  the  problems  of 
peace  will  be  the  final  test  and  proof  of  her 
place  among  the  peoples  of  the  world. 


146 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


"And.  if  only  in  our  own  interest,  we  must 
help  the  people  overseas.  Europe  is  our  big- 
gest customer.  We  must  keep  her  going-  or 
thousands  of  our  shops  and  scores  of  our 
mines  must  close.  There  is  no  such  thing:  as 
letting-  her  go  to  ruin  without  ourselves  shar- 
ing1 in  the  disaster. 

"In  such  circumstances,  face  to  face  with 
such  tests,  passion  must  be  discarded.  Pas- 
sion and  a  disregard  for  the  rights  of  others 
have  no  place  in  the  counsels  of  a  free 
people.  We  need  light,  not  heat,  in  these  sol- 
emn times  of  self-examination  and  saving-  ac- 
tion. There  must  be  no  threats.  Let  there 
be  only  intell  gent  counsel  and  let  the  best 
reasons  win.  not  the  strongest  brute  force. 

"The  world  has  just  destroyed  the  arbitrary 
force  of  a  military  junta.  It  will  live  under 
no  other.  All  that  is  arbitrary  and  coercive 
is  in  the  discard.  Those  who  seek  to  employ 
it  only  prepare  their  own  destruction. 

"We  cannot  hastily  and  overnight  revolution- 
ize all  the  processes  of  our  economic  life.  We 
shall  not  attempt  to  do  so.  These  are  days 
of  deep  excitement  and  of  extravagant  speech, 
but  with  us  these  are  things  of  the  surface. 
Every  one  who  is  in  real  touch  with  the  silent 
masses  of  our  great  people  knows  that  the 
old  strong  fiber  and  steady  self-control  are 
still  there,  firm  against  violence  or  any  dis- 
tempered action  that  would  throw  their  af- 
fairs into  confusion. 

"I  am  serenely  confident  that  they  will  read- 
ily find  themselves,  no  matter  what  the  cir- 
cumstances, and  that  they  will  address  them- 
selves to  the  tasks  of  peace  with  the  same 
devotion  and  the  same  stalwart  preference  for 
what  is  right  that  they  displayed  to  the  ad- 
miration of  the  whole  world  in  the  midst  of 

"And  I  entertain  another  confident  hope.  I 
have  spoken  to-day  chiefly  of  measures  of  im- 
perative regulation  and  legal  compulsion,  of 
prosecutions  and  the  sharp  correction  of  self- 
ish processes:  and  these  no  doubt  are  neces- 
sary. But  there  are  other  forces  that  we  may 
count  on  besides  those  resident  in  the  depart- 
ment of  justice.  We  have  just  fully  awakened 
to  what  has  been  going  on  and  to  the  influ- 
ences, many  of  them  very  selfish  and  sinister, 
that  have  been  producing  high  prices  and  im- 
posing an  intolerable  burden  on  the  mass  of 
our  people.  To  have  brought  it  all  into  the 
open  will  accomplish  the  greater  part  of  the 
result  we  seek. 

"I  appeal  with  entire  confidence  to  our  pro- 
ducers, our  middlemen  and  our  merchants  to 
deal  fairly  with  the  people.  It  is  their  oppor- 
tunity to  show  that  they  comprehend,  that 
they  intend  to  act  justly  and  that  they  have 
the  public  interest  sincerely  at  heart.  And  I 
have  no  doubt  that  housekeepers  all  over  the 
country  and  every  one  who  buys  the  things 
he  daily  stands  in  need  of  will  presently  ex- 
ercise a  greater  vigilance,  a  more  thoughtful 
economy,  a  more  discriminating  care  as  to  the 
market  in  which  he  buys  or  the  merchant  with 
whom  he  trades  than  he  has  hitherto  ex- 
ercised. 

"I  believe,  too.  that  the  more  extreme  leaders 
of  organized  labor  will  presently  yield  to  a 
sober  second  thought  and.  like  the  great  mass 
of  their  associates,  think  and  act  like  true 
Americans.  They  will  see  that  strikes  under- 
taken at  this  critical  time  are  certain  to  make 
matters  worse,  not  better— worse  for  them 
and  for  everybody  else. 

"The  worst  thing,  the  most  fatal  thing,  that' 
can  be  done  now  is  to  stop  or  interrupt  pro- 
duct'on  or  to  interfere  with  the  distribution  of 
goods  by  the  railways  and  the  shipping  of  the 
country.  We  are  all  involved  in  the  distress- 
ing results  of  the  high  cost  of  living  and  we 
must  unite,  not  divide  to  correct  it. 

"There  are  many  things  that  ought  to  be 
corrected  in  the  relations  between  capital  and 
labor,  in  re=pect  of  wages  and  conditions  of 
labor  and  other  things  even  more  far  reaching. 


and  I,  for  one.  am  ready  to  go  into  confer- 
ence about  these  matters  \vith  any  group  of 
my  fellow  countrymen  who  know  what  they 
are  talking  about  and  are  willing  to  remedy 
existing  conditions  by  frank  counsel  rather 
than  by  violent  contest. 

"No  remedy  is  possible  while  men  are  in  a 
temper  and  there  can  be  no  settlement  which 
does  not  have  as  its  motive  and  standard  the 
general  interest.  Threats  and  undue  insist- 
ence upon  the  interest  of  a  single  class  make 
settlement  impossible. 

"I  believe,  as  I  have  hitherto  had  occasion 
to  say  to  the  congress,  that  the  industry  and 
life  of  our  people  and  of  the  world  will  suffer 
irreparable  damage  if  employers  and  work- 
men are  to  go  on  in  a  perpetual  contest  as 
antagonists.  They  must,  on  one  plane  or  an- 
other, be  effectively  associated. 

"Have  we  not  steadiness  and  self-possession 
and  business  sense  enough  to  work  out  that 
result?  Undoubtedly  we  have,  and  we  ehall 
work  it  out.  In  the  meantime — now  and  in  the 
days  of  readjustment  and  recuperation  that  are 
ahead  of  us — l?t  us  resort  more  and  more  to 
frank  and  intimate  counsel  and  make  ourselves 
a  great  and  triumphant  nation,  by  making  our- 
selves a  united  force  in  the  life  of  the  world. 
It  will  not  then  have  looked  to  us  for  leader- 
ship in  vain." 


INCREASE   IN   COMMODITY   PRICES. 

Until  toward  the  close  of  1919  the  cost  of 
living  in  the  United  States,  as  in  all  other 
countries  of  the  world,  continued  to  rise 
steadily,  causing  discontent  and  unrest  es- 
pecially among  workers.  Strong  efforts  were 
made  by  federal  and  state  authorities  and 
also  by  local  public  and  private  agencies  to 
bring  the  prices  of  necessities  down  to  a 
normal  level.  Dun's  Review  for  Sept.  13, 
1919.  said: 

"With  the  widespread  agitation  against  high 
living  costs,  some  commodity  markets  have 
lately  experienced  sharp  reaction,  and  Dun's 
index  number  of  wholesale  quotations,  after 
five  months  of  consecutive  increase,  declined 
to  238.342  on  Sept,  1  (On  Oct.  1  the  fig- 
ure was  235.867.)  This  figure,  which  is 
based  on  the  estimated  per  capita  consump- 
tion of  each  of  the  many  articles  included  in 
the  compilation,  is  1.4  per  cent  under  the 
top  point  of  241.650  of  Aug.  1.  and  all  of 
the  seven  groups  into  which  the  index  num- 
ber is  separated,  the  miscellaneous  class 
alone  excepted.  disclose  recession  from  the  re- 
cent record  level.  The  yielding  of  prices  has 
been  greatest  in  foodstuffs,  meats  being  down 
5.2  per  cent:  breadstuffs.  2.8  per  cent:  "other 
food."  0.9  per  cent,  and  dairy  and  garden 
products  0.2  per  cent,  so  that  all  foods  to- 
gether show  a  depreciation  of  2.8  per  cent 
from  the  Aug.  1  basis.  In  clothing  and 
metals,  where  declines  of  1.0  and  0.2  per  cent, 
respectively,  appear,  the  changes  are  more 
than  offset  by  the  rise  of  2.9  per  cent  in  the 
miscellaneous  division." 

DUN'S    INDEX    NUMBER. 

Dun's  index  number  is  computed  in  this 
way:  "On  the  nearest  business  day  to  the 
first  of  every  month  about  300  wholesale 
quotatipns  are  taken  and  these  are  separately 
multiplied  by  a  figure  determined  upon  as  the 
estimated  per  capita  consumption  of  each  of 
the  many  commodities  embraced  by  the  rec- 
ord. The  results  are  then  grouped  under 
seven  heads,  the  total  of  all  representing  the 
actual  cost  of  a  given  quantity  of  goods  in 
the  wholesale  markets  at  the  specified  dates. 
By  adopting  the  per  capita  consumption  basis 
in  commuting  the  ind°x  nnmhpr.  no  single 
commodity  has  relatively  more  than  its  proper 
weight  in  the  aggregate:  wide  fluctuations, 
therefore,  in  an  article  little  used  do  not 
materially  affect  the  total,  whereas  changes  in 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


147 


the  great  staples  have  a  larger  bearing-  on  the 
general    result." 

Breadstuffs  include  quotations  of  wheat, 
corn  oats,  rye  and  barley,  besides  beans  and 
peas:  meats  include  live  hogs.  beef,  sheep  and 
various  provisions,  lard,  tallow,  etc.:  dairy 
and  g-arden  include  butter,  eggs,  vegetables 
and  fruits:  other  foods  include  fish,  liquors, 
condiments,  sugar,  rice,  tobacco,  etc.:  cloth- 
ing- includes  the  raw  material  of  each  indus- 
try, and  quotations  of  woolen,  cotton  and 
other  textile  goods,  as  well  as  hides  and 


break  of  the  world  war  in  July  1914.  The 
total  increase  for  the  five  year  period  on 
food  was  85  per  cent;  shelter,  28  per  cent; 
clothing-,  100  per  cent;  fuel,  heat  and  light. 
57  per  cent. 

INCREASED  COST  OP  CLOTHING. 
The  following-  table  compiled  by  one  of  the 
largest  retail  ctothing  establishments  in  New 
York  city  showing  the  increase  in  the  cost 
of  a  man's  ordinary  outfit  of  clothing  in  1919 
as  compared  with  1914  is  given  merely  as  an 


July  1— 
1910 

Breadstuffs 
.    $21.690 

Record  by 
Dairy  & 
,    Meat.        garden. 
$11.406     $14.663 
9.414        17.473 
10.715        15.501 
13.090        13.039 
12.979        17.244 
12.134        15.563 
14.400        19.435 
18.824        26.449 
23.719        24.750 
25.660        26.160 
Record  by 
$22.192     $27.138 
21.530        24.705 
22.027        22.937 
22.892        24.440 
24.362        26.120 
24.712        26.901 
25.660        26.160 
25.105        26.877 
23.790        26.293 
20.084        27.983 

Years  Since 
Other 
food. 
$10.556 
11.384 
11.828 
10.213 
10.449 
10.724 
12.156 
14.225 
21.929 
23.342 
Months  in 
$23.962 
2  '1  .4  00 
23.847 
23.829 
22.727 
22.808 
23.342 
23.695 
23.470 
23.382 

1910. 

Clothing- 
$21.173 
19.324 
20.449 
20.534 
20.834 
20.902 
25.800 
36.527 
45.238 
45.623 
1919. 
$43.194 
42  249 
40i464 
39.173 
39.565 
41.798 
45.623 
48.558 
47.926 
49.852 

Metals. 
$16.744 
16.583 
16.349 
16.512 
15.691 
16.607 
21.174 
32.390 
30.170 
25.759 

$28.762 
28.587 
28.217 
25.637 
25.796 
25.559 
25.759 
26.606 
26.533 
26.578 

Miscel- 
laneous. 
$22.936 
22.669 
21.471 
21.739 
21.425 
22.561 
25.799 
29.617 
35.349 
35.435 

$36.299 
34.580 
34.912 
34.963 
34.750 
34.958 
35.435 
36.052 
37.097 
39.979 

Total. 
$119.168 
118.130 
122.277 
116.319 
119.708 
124.958 
145.142 
211.950 
232.575 
233.707 

$230.146 
220.050 
217.037 
219.973 
222.193 
227.973 
233.707 
241.650 
238.342 
235.867 

1911  

21.283 

19112 

25.964 

1913     

21.192 

1914 

21  086 

1915     

26.467 

1916 

26  378 

1917      ..... 

53.918 

1918 

51  420 

1919        ... 

51.738 

Jan      1  

...$48.599 

Feb      1 

44  999 

Mar     1  

..   44.633 

Apr     1 

49  039 

May     1 

..   48  873 

51  237 

July    fl. 

51  728 

Aug     1  

..   54.757 

Sept     1 

53  233 

Oat      1  

48.009 

leather:  metals  include  various  quotations  of 
pig  iron,  and  partially  manufactured  and  fin- 
ished products,  as  well  as  minor  metals,  coal 
and  petroleum.  The  miscellaneous  class  em- 
braces many  grades  of  hard  and  soft  lum- 
ber, lath,  brick,  lime,  glass,  turpentine,  hemp, 
linseed  oil.  paints,  fertilizers  and  drugs. 
ANNALIST  COMPUTATION. 

The  New  York  Annalist's  "Curve  in  the 
Cost  of  Living,"  or  index  number,  which 
shows  the  fluctuations  in  the  average  whole- 
sale price  of  twenty-five  food  commodities 
selected  and  arranged  to  represent  a  theoret- 
ical family's  food  budget,  indicated  that 
prices  rose  in  the  early  part  of  January,  1919; 
fell  in  the  latter  part  of  the  month:  rose 
until  May  1:  declined  to  the  end  of  June  and 
then  rose  until  Aug.  1,  when  there  was  a 
decline  which  was  continuing  when  the  rec- 
ord closed  Nov.  1.  The  index  number  pub- 
lished Oct.  20.  1919.  showed: 

Base— averages    1890-99  =  100    per   cent. 
Weekly  Averages. 

Oct    18.    1919 277.028 

Oct.    19.    1918 282.245 

Oct.   20.    1917 280.205 

Oct.   28.    1916 196.512 

Yearly  Averages. 


1915 148.055 

1914 146.069 


1919* 298.619 

1918 287.080 

1917 261.796 

1916 175.720 

*To   Oct.    18. 

INDUSTRIAL    CONFERENCE    BOARD 

ESTIMATE. 

The  National  Industrial  Conference  board  in 
Boston  announced  Aug.   8,    1919,   that   after  a 

feneral    survey    of    conditions    in    the    United 
tates  it  had  been  found  that  the  cost  of  liv- 
ing   for    American    wage    earners    was    71    per 
cent   higher  in   July,    1919,    than   at    the   out- 


illustration  of  the  price  tendency  in  clothing 
generally.  Articles  worn  by  women  showed  an 
equal  or  even  greater  advance. 


Article.  1914. 

Suit   $30.00 

Shoes    6.50 

Shirt     1.50 

Undershirt     1.50 

Drawers  1.50 

Socks    50 

Necktie    1.00 

Hat,   felt 3.50 

Gloves    1.50 


Collar 
Handkerchief 
Raincoat  


.15 

.25 

15.00 


Totals   ..    62.90 


1919. 

$55.00 

16.00 

2.50 

2  50 

2.50 

1.00 

1.50 

6.00 

2.50 

.25 

.35 

22.00 

112.10 


LABOR  DEPARTMENT  COMPUTATIONS^ 
The  Monthly  Labor  Review  published  by  the 
department  of  labor  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  in 
October,  1919,  made  public  an  estimate  of  the 
change  in  the  cost  of  living  in  the  United 
States  from  July,  1914,  to  June,  1919.  Later 
an  estimate  was  made  extending  the  compari- 
son back  to  1913.  In  July,  1914,  retail 
prices  of  food  were  2  per  cent  higher  than 
the  average  for  the  year  1913. 

Wholesale  prices  of  commodities  as  a  whole 
in  July,  1914,  were  at  the  same  level  as  in 
the  year  1913.  In  the  same  period  the  whole- 


1896 80.096    sale   price  of   cloths   and   clothing  decreased    1 

1890 109.252     per  cent:    fuel   and  lighting.   6   per  cent:    and 

I  house  furnishing  goods.  1  per  cent.  It  is 
safe  to  assume  therefore  that  there  was  no 
increase  in  the  retail  price  of  articles  of  fam- 
ily consumption  other  than  food  and  that  the 
increase  in  the  cost  of  living  as  a  whole  was 
about  1  per  cent. 

Taking  the  increase  in  the  cost  of  living  be- 
tween the  year  1913  and  the  month  of  July, 
1914,  as  1  per  cent  and  applying  this  figure 
to  the  series  of  index  numbers  in  the  Octo- 


148 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


ber  Review,   the  following:  index  numbers  re- 
sult' 

Average  for  1913=100. 

July 1914         101     June 1917  129 

December  1914  103     December.  1917  142 

June 1915        103    Tune 1918  158 

December  1915  104     December.  1918  174 

June 1916        110    June 1919  177 

December  1916        118    Spring: 1919  175 

Retail  Prices  of  Food. 

According-  to  the  bureau  of  labor  statistics 
of  the  United  States  department  of  labor  the 
retail  price  of  twenty-two  of  the  main  food 
articles  combined  showed  an  increase  during- 
the  six-year  period  July,  1913,  to  July,  1919, 
of  92  per  cent.  The  following-  articles  in- 
creased 100  per  cent  or  more;  Ham,  101  per 
cent;  sug-ar,  102  per  cent;  bacon,  109  per 
cent;  pork  chops,  114  per  cent;  corn  meal, 
117  per  cent;  flour,  127  per  cent;  potatoes, 
153  per  cent;  lard,  164  per  cent. 

The  following-  table  shows  the  averag-e  re- 
tail price  of  certain  specified  articles  of  food 
on  July  15  of  1913  and  1919  with  the  per- 
centage of  increase.  The  unit  for  each  article 
is  one  pound  except  where  otherwise  speci- 
fied 

1913.    1919.       Pet. 
Cts.       Cts.         inc. 

Sirloin    steak    26.5     43.4      +   64 

Round    steak    23.3     40.7      -f    75 

Rib  roast    20.1     33.5      +    67 

tuck  roast  164  27.7  +  69 
ite  beef  12.1  20.3  +  68 
rk  chops  21.6  46.2  4-114 
con  .  .  27.8  58.1  +109 

Ham    .  28.2     567      +101 

"Lamb    ..  .     19.7     38.2      +   94 

Hens     21.7     42.0      +   94 

Salmon    (canned)    32.2      

Milk,    fresh,   quart 8.8     15.0      +    70 

Milk,   evap.,  can .      15.9      

Butter    34.7     62.8      +    81 

Oleomargarine 41.9      

Nut  marg-arine   35.7      

Cheese    ..  21.9     43.0      +    96 

r,ard     15.9     42.0      +164 

Crisco    .  38.9 


56.6 
8.7 

10.0 
7.5 
6.5 


+    89 


+    79 

+  127 
+  117 


rgs,    fresh,    doz 30.0 

Tiolled  oats  

Bread   5.6 

flour    3.3 

Cornmeal     3.0 

Corn  flakes,  8-oz.  pkg- 14.1 

Cream    of    wheat,    25-oz. 

pkg- 25.2      

Macaroni     19.3      

Rice    8.7  14.6      +   68 

Beans,  navy  12.1      

Potatoes    1.9  4.8      +153 

Onions    9.8      

Cabbage    6.2      

Beans,  baked,  No.  2  can 17  3      

Corn,  canned.  No.  2  can 19.3      

Peas,  canned.  No.  2  can 19.2 

Tomatoes,    No.   2   can 16.1 

6ug-ar,    granulated    5.4  10.9 

Tea    54.4  70.5 

Coffee    29.8  46.2 

Prunes     26.5 

Raisins     17.3      

Bananas,  doz 39.2      

Orang-es,   doz 53.4      

Relative   Retail   Prices   of   Food. 

The  fpllowing  table  prepared  by  the  bureau 
of  statistics  of  the  department  of  labor. 
Washing-ton.  D.  C.,  shows  the  relative  retail 
prices  of  food  on  July  15  of  the  years 
specified.  The  -unit  for  each  article  is  one 
pound  except  where  otherwise  noted: 

Article.  '19.  '13.  '14.  '15.  '16.  '17.  '18, 

Sirloin  steak.. 171  104  106  105  113  129  166 
Round  steak... 183  104  109  107  116  137  180. 


+  102 
+  30 
+  55 


Article.            '19.  '13.  '14.  '15.  '16.  '17.  '18. 

Rib  roast   169  102   105   104   112   130   168 

Chuck    roast.. .173  103  106  103  112  137  182 

Plate    beef    ...169  101   105  102  110  138  187 

Pork  chops  ...220  103   106   100   111   151   180 

Bacon    215  104   101   100   107   159   194 

Ham   211  104   103      98   111   147   181 

Lard  266  101     ^97 

Hens  197  102  103 

Eggs,  doz 164  87  87 

Butter  164  91   89 

Cheese  195 

Milk,  qt 169 


Bread 

Flour  

Cornmeal 

Rice  

Potatoes  . 
Sugar  — 
Tea  


93  110  174  206 
97  113  131  178 
81  93  122  142 
90  93  120  137 
99  103  105  110  149  152 
99  100  98  100  125  149 


....175  100  110  126  124  176  174 

....227  101   98  125  116  220  203 

....217   98  103  108  108  195  223 

....168  100  101  104  105  123  148 

....282  110  155  85  134  246  229 

....198  100   95  127  160  166  167 

130  100  101  100  100  110  120 


Coffee    155   100   100   101   100   103   101 

Combined    190  100   102  100  111   146  167 

Average  Retail  Prices  of  Food  in  Large  Cities. 

The  following  table  shows  the  average  re- 
tail prices  of  food  in  New  York  city  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  in  Chicago  in  the  middle  west 
and  in  San  Francisco  on  the  Pacific  coast,  on 
July  15.  1913  and  i!919: 

San 
New  York.  Chicago.     Francisco. 

Article.  '13.     '19.    '13.    '19.    '13.    '19. 

Cts.    Cts.    Cts.    Cts.    Cts.    Cts. 

Sirloin    steak... 27.0  44.4  24.2  39.3  20.7  29.8 

Round  steak  ...26.1  46.2  21.3  35.5  19.0  28.5 

Rib  roast    22.6  38.6  20.2  31.9  21.0   28.8 

Chuck  roast  ....16.4  29.3  15.9  26.9  14.6  20.7 

Plate  beef    14.9  27.1   11.3   19.6  13.0   18.5 

Pork    chops    ...22.6  47.5   20.4  41.7  23.2  46.1 

Bacon     26.4  54.4  32.7  61.5  33.3   64.4 

Ham      30.0   61.6  32.3  58.8  30.0   60.3 

Hens   22.6  41.5  20.2  38.4  23.8  47.1 

Milk   '..      9.0  16.0      8.0  14.0  10.0  14.0 

Butter    34.4   61.3  32.3   57.1   36.4   64.7 

Chuese    19.4  42.8   25.0  44.1   19.0  41.2 

Lard    16.2  42.5   15.1   40.3   18.8   39.5 

Eggs    35.9   66.4   25.3   53.2  31.4  56.6 

Bread    6.4   10.0      6.1   10.0      5.9   10.0 

Flour    3.3      7.8      2.9      7.2      3.4      7.6 

Cornmeal 3.4      7.1      2.8      5.9      3.4      7.1 

Rice     8.0   14.7      8.7   14.2      8.5   14.4 

Potatoes    2.5     5.1      2.1      5.0     1.9     4.0 

Sugar    4.9   10.0      5.1   10.9      5.4   10.2 

Tea     43.3   57.0   53.3   63.9   50.0   58.3 

Coffee    27.5  42.6  30.7  42.3  32.0  44.6 

Percentage   of  Increase   in  Cost   of  Living. 

The  following  table  shows  the  percentage  of 
increase  in  the  cost  of  living  from  December. 
1914.  to  June,  1919,  in  New  York  city,  Chi- 
cago and  San  Francisco.  The  prices  for  1914 
are  taken  as  a  base: 

New 


Item. 


Food   82.62 

Clothing-— Male    126.39 

Female    137.15 


San  Fran- 
York.    Chicag-o.    cisco. 


73.29  63.34 
146.12  139.34 
164.24  127.33 


Total    131.25  157.07  134.64 

Housing-    6.47  8.04  *3.48 

Fuel,   light    45.47  35.65  28.92 

Furniture   126.51  126.94  116.56 

Miscellaneous    .            ..    70.01  61.70  60.95 


All  items   77.28 

*Decrease. 


74.47        65.58 


CAUSE  OF  HIGH  PRICES. 

Many  theories  as  to  the  factors  resulting: 
in  the  phenomenal  increase  of  the  prices  of 
commodities  were  advanced  in  the  course  of 
1919.  Among  them  may  be  mentioned  the 
following-; 

Excess  of  g-old  and  various  instruments  of 
credit;  in  other  words,  inflation  of  the  cur- 
rency. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


149 


Scarcity  of  commodities,  or  underproduction.  I 

Heavy  increase  of  exports,  especially  of  food- 
stuffs and  crude  materials  used  in  manufactur- 
ing-. 

Increase  in  wages  and  decrease  in  hours  of 
labor;  multiplicity  of  strikes. 

Waste  during  and  after  the  period  of  the 
war. 

Profiteering-,  intentional  and  unintentional; 
hoarding-;  manipulation  by  corporations. 

Hig-h  wages  and  salaries  enabling-  consumers 
to  pay  high  prices  demanded  and  tending  gen- 
erally to  encourage  dealers  to  seek  larger 
profits. 

REMEDIES   PROPOSED. 

Price  fixing-  or  control  by  government  in  the 
case  of  certain  commodities  like  sugar,  coal, 
wheat,  etc. 

Stringent  legislation  against  profiteering, 
especially  by  large  corporations;  punishment 
of  hoarders  and  manipulators  of  markets. 

Sale  of  government  afmy  supplies  at  cost 
or  less. 

Public  markets  controlled  by  municipalities 
and  other  local  authorities. 

Encouragement  of  increased  production. 

Closer  co-operation  and  better  relations  be- 
tween labor  and  capital. 

Financial  legislation  to  reduce  inflation. 

Careful  buying  and  simpler  living  by  indi- 
viduals; prevention  of  waste  and  extrava- 
gance. 

ACTION    BY   THE    GOVERNMENT. 

In  August,  1919,  the  government,  recogniz- 
ing that  serious  unrest  was  developing  on  ac- 
count of  the  continued  increase  in  the  price 
of  the  necessities  of  life,  began  a  campaign 
to  combat  the  evil.  The  attorney-general  of 
the  United  States  was  instructed  to  enforce 
strictly  all  existing  laws  again  unlawful  prof- 


iteering, hoarding  and  manipulation;  congress 
was  asked  by  President  Wilson  for  laws  en- 
abling the  executive  department  to  deal  more 
effectively  with  the  situation  and,  finally,  as 
a  temporary  expedient,  the  war  department 
was  instructed  to  sel-l  to  the  public  at  cost 
price  or  less  all  the  available  army  stores  of 
clothing,  food  and  other  supplies  remaining 
after  demobilization. 

These  measures  were  effective  to  some  extent 
and,  as  shown  by  figures  furnished  by  the 
leading  commercial  agencies,  the  bureau  of 
labor  statistics  of  the  department  of  labor, 
and  the  New  York  Annalist,  wholesale  prices 
of  commodities  began  to  go  down  in  Septem- 
ber and  October.  The  seizure  of  stocks  of 
sugar  and  other  commodities  illegally  held 
also  had  some  effect.  But  possibly  the  main 
factor  in  the  decline  was  the  sale  to  the  pub- 
lic of  the  government  supplies  through  the 
postoffice,  private  business  houses  and  later  in 
stores  operated  by  the  government  directly. 
By  this  method  many  consumers  were  enabled 
to  buy  articles  of  necessity  at  prices  consider- 
ably below  those  charged  by  dealers  generally. 

FOOD   PRICES   IN  OTHER   COUNTRIES. 

According  to  a  British  ministry  of  labor  re- 
port issued  in  August,  19dL9,  the  percentage 
of  increase  in  retail  food  prices  since  July, 
1914,  in  the  countries  named  was: 

Pet. 


Country. 

(Jnited  States 80 

United  kingdom.  ...104 

France    148 

Belgium    233 

Italy   167 

Portugal  151 

Canada    81 

Australia  35 


Country.  Pet. 

New  Zealand 42 

South  Africa 36 

Norway  175 

Sweden    234 

Denmark   86 

Holland    107 

Switzerland 139 


POSTMASTERS   OF 

Albany.   N.  Y.— William  H.  Murray. 
Atlanta,  Ga.— Boiling  H.  Jones. 
Baltimore.    Md. — Sherlock    Swann. 
Boston,   Mass. — W.   E.   Hurley    (acting) . 
Bridgeport.  Conn.— Charles  F.   Greene. 
Buffalo.   N.  Y.— Charles  F.  Boine. 
Camden.   N.  J.— Harry  M.   Knight. 
Charleston.  S.  C.— Joseph  M.  Poulnot. 
Chicago.   111.— William  B.  Carlile. 
Cincinnati.   O.— Joel  C.   Clore. 
Cleveland.   O.— William  J.  Murphy. 
Columbus,  O. — Samuel  A.  Kinnear. 
Dayton,   O.— Forrest  L.  May. 
Denver.   Col. — Benjamin  F.   Stapleton. 
Des  Moines,    Iowa— G.  A.   Huffman. 
Detroit.   Mich.— William  J.   Nagel. 
Duluth.    Minn.— William   F.   Henry    (acting) 
Fall  River.  Mass.— James  E.  Hoar. 
Fort   Wayne.    Ind.— Edward  C.   Miller. 
Galveston.  Tex.— E.   R.   Cheesborough. 
Grand  Rapids.  Mich.-r^Jharles  E.  Hogadone. 
Hartford,   Conn. — David  A.   Wilson. 
Indianapolis,   Ind.— R.   E.    Springstein. 
Jersey  City.   N.  J.— Matt  Ely. 
Kansas  City.  Mo.— Bayless  Steele. 
Lincoln.    Neb.— Samuel    Hudson. 
Los  Angeles.    Cal.— Harrington  Brown. 
Louisville.   Ky.— E.  T.    Schmitt. 
Lowell.  Mass.— John  F.  Meehan. 
Memphis.  Tenn.— C.  W.  Metcalf. 
Milwaukee.   Wis.— Frank  B.  Schutz. 
Minneapolis.  Minn.— Edward  A.  Purdy. 
Naahville.  Tenn.— Eugene  S.  Shannon.* 


LARGE    CITIES     (1919). 

Newark,    N.   J.— John  F.   Sinnott    (acting). 
New   Haven,   Conn.— Philip  Troup. 
New  Orleans.  La. — Charles  Janvier. 
New  York.  N.  Y.— Thomas  W.  Patten. 
Omaha.    Neb.— Charles   E.   Fanning. 
Paterson,  N.  J.— James  P.  McNair. 
Peoria.  111.— Claude  U.   Stone. 
Philadelphia.   Pa. — John  A.  Thornton. 
Pittsburgh.   Pa.— A.    S.   Guffey. 
Portland.    Me.— Oscar   R.   Wish. 
Portland.   Ore.— Frank  S.  Myers. 
Providence.   R.  I.— Edward  F.  Carroll. 
Reading,   Pa.— Charles  N.   Seitzinger. 
Richmond.  Va.— Hay  T.   Thornton. 
Rochester.   N.   Y.— George  M.   Staud. 
St.  Joseph.  Mo. — Frank  Freytag. 
St.   Louis.   Mo.— Colin   M.    Selph. 
St.  Paul.  Minn.— Otto  N.  Raths. 
Salt  Lake  City.  Utah— Noble  Warrum. 
San  Antonio.  Tex. — George  D.  Armistead. 
San  Francisco.  Cal.— Charles  W.  Fay. 
Seattle,  Wash.— Edgar  H.  Battle. 
Schenectady.   N.  Y. — Edward  Clute. 

tpringfield,  111.— James  W.  Patton. 
yracuse.  N.  Y.— John  J.  Kesel. 
Toledo.   O.— George  F.   Parrish. 
Trenton.  N.  J.— E.  F.  Hooper. 
Troy.  N.  Y.— James  H.  Burns. 
Washington.  D.  C. — Merritt  O.  Chance. 
Wilmington,  Del.— James  J.  English. 

*  Resigned.      Successor   not   appointed   up   to 
Oct.  15.  1919. 


CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE  OF  THE  U.  8.  A. 


President— H.  L.  Ferguson.  Newport  News.  Va. 
General   Secretary— Elliott   H.   Goodwin.  Wash- 


3D.    C. 
uarters— Riggs   Bldg.,   Washington.   D. 


C. 


Secretary    Central    District— John    N.    Van    der 
Vries.  Chicago.  HI. 


Central  District  Office— 801  Otis  Building.  Chi- 

Th-e  Chamber  of  Commerce  oi  the  United 
States  of  America  is  a  federation  of  trade  and 
commercial  organizations  of  America. 


150 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


COPYRIGHT    LAWS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


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(h>    Reproductions  of   a   work   of   art. 
(i)    Drawings   or   plastic   works   of   a   scientific 
or  technical  character, 
(j)    Photographs. 

(k)    Prints  and  pictorial  illustrations. 
(1)    Motion  picture  photo   plays. 

S)    Motion   pictures  other  than  photo  plays, 
ese  specifications  do  not,   however,   limit  the 
subject  matter  of  copyright  as  defined  in  the  law 
nor  does  any  error  in  classification  invalidate  the 
copyright  protection  secured. 

Copyright  extends  to  the  work  of  a  foreign 
author  or  proprietor  only  in  case  he  is  domiciled 
In  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  first  pub- 
lication of  his  work  or  if  the  country  of  which 
he  is  a  citizen  grants  similar  copyright  protec- 
tion to  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

Any  person  entitled  thereto  by  the  law  may 
secure  copyright  for  his  work  by  publication 
thereof  with  the  notice  of  copyright  required  by 


the  act.  and  such  notice  shall  be  affixed  to  each 
y  published  or  offered  for  sale  in  the  United 
States.  Such  person  may  obtain  registration  of 
his  claim  to  copyright  by  complying  with  the 
provisions  of  the  act,  including  the  deposit  of 
copies,  whereupon  the  register  of  copyrights  shall 
issue  to  him  a  certificate  as  provided  for  in  the 
law.  Copyright  may  also  be  had  of  the  works  of 
an  author  of  which  copies  are  not  reproduced  foi 
sale  by  the  deposit  with  claim  of  copvright  of 
one  complete  copy,  if  it  be  a  lecture  or  similar 
production,  or  a  dramatic  or  musical  composi- 
tion; of  a  title  and  description,  with  one  print 
taken  from  each  scene  or  act.  if  the  work  be  a 
motion  picture  photo  play;  of  a  photographic 
print  if  it  be  a  photograph;  of  a  title  and  de- 
scription, with  not  less  than  two  prints  taken 
fi-om  different  sections  of  a  complete  motion  pic- 
ture, if  the  work  be  a  motion  picture  other  than 
a  photo  play,  or  of  a  photograph  or  other  iden- 
tifying reproduction  thereof  if  it  be  a  work 
of  art  or  a  plastic  work  or  drawing. 

After  copyright  has  been  secured  there  must 
be  deposited  in  the  copyright  otfice  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.,  two  complete  copies  of  the  best  edi- 
tion thereof,  which  copies,  If  the  work  be  a  book 
or  periodical,  shall  have  been  produced  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  manufacturing  provisions  of 
the  act,  or  if  such  work  be  a  contribution  to  a 
periodical  for  which  contribution  special  regis- 
tration is  requested  one  copy  of  the  issue  or 
issues  containing  such  contribution.  Failure  to 
deposit  the  copies  within  a  given  time  after 
notice  from  the  register  of  copyrights  makes  the 
proprietor  of  the  copyright  liable  to  a  fine  of 
$100  and  twice  the  retail  price  of  the  work,  and 
the  copyright  becomes  void. 

The  text  of  all  books  and  periodicals  specified 
in  paragraphs  (a)  and  (b)  above,  except  the  orig- 
inal text  of  a  book  of  foreign  origin  in  a  lan- 
guage other  than  English,  must  in  order  to  secure 
protection  be  printed  from  type  set  within  the 
limits  of  the  United  States,  either  by  hand,  ma- 
chinery or  other  process,  and  the  printing  of  the 
text  and  the  binding  of  the  books  must  also  be 
done  within  the  United  States.  An  affidavit  of 
such  manufacture  is  required. 

The  notice  of  copyright  required  consists  either 
of  the  word  "copyright"  or  the  abbreviation 
"copr.,"  accompanied  by  the  name  of  the  copy- 
right proprietor,  and  if  the  work  be  a  printed 
literary,  musical  or  dramatic  work,  the  notice 
must  also  include  the  year  in  which  the  copy- 
right was  secured  by  publication.  In  the  case, 
however,  of  copies  of  works  specified  in  para- 
graphs (f)  to  (k)  inclusive  (given  above)  the  no- 
tice may  consist  of  the  letter  C  inclosed  within 
a  circle,  accompanied  by  the  initials,  monogram, 
mark  or  symbol  of  the  copyright  proprietor,  pro- 
vided his  name  appears  elsewhere  on  the  copies. 
In  the  case  of,  a  book  or  other  printed  publica- 
tion the  notice  shall  be  applied  on  the  title  page 
or  on  the  page  immediately  following,  or  if  a 
periodical  either  upon  the  title  page  or  upon  the 
first  page  of  text  of  each  separate  number  or  un- 
der the  title  heading;  or  if  a  musical  work  upon 
its  title  page  or  the  first  page  of  music. 

Whore  the  copyright  proprietor  has  sought  to 
comply  with  the  law  with  respect  to  notice,  the 
omission  of  such  notice  by  mistake  from  a  par- 
ticular copy  or  copies  shall  not  invalidate  the 
copyright  or  prevent  recovery  for  infringement 
against  any  person  who,  after  actual  notice  of 
the  copyright,  begins  an  undertaking  to  infringe 
it,  but  shall  prevent  the  recovery  of  damages 
against  an  innocent  infringer  who  'has  been  mis- 
led by  the  omission  of  the  notice. 

In  the  case  of  a  book  in  English  published 
abroad  before  publication  in  this  country,  the 
deposit  in  the  copyright  ofiice  within  thirty  days 
of  one  copy  of  the  foreign  edition,  with  a  re- 
quest for  the  reservation  of  the  copyright,  se- 
cures for  the  author  or  owner  an  ad  interim 
copyright  for  thirty  days  after  such  deposit  ia 
made. 

The  copyright  secured  by  the  act  endures  for 
twenty-eight  years  from  the  date  of  the  first 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


151 


publication.  In  the  case  of  any  posthumous 
work,  periodical,  encyclopedic  or  other  composite 
work  upon  which  the  copyright  was  originally 
secured  by  the  proprietor  tuereof,  or  of  any  work 
copyrighted  by  a  corporate  body,  or  by  an  em- 
ployer for  whom  such  work  is  made  for  hire,  the 
proprietor  of  such  copyright  shall  be  entitled  to 
a  renewal  of  the  copyright  in  such  work  for  the 
further  term  of  twenty-eight  years  when  appli- 
cation 'for  such  renewal  shall  have  been  made 
within  one  year  prior  to  the  expiration  of  the 
original  term.  In  the  case  of  any  other  copy- 
righted work,  including  a  contribution  by  an  in- 
dividual author  to  a  periodical  or  to  a  cyclopedic 
or  other  composite  work  when  such  contribution 
has  been  separately  copyrighted,  the  author  of 
such  work,  if  living,  or  the  heirs,  executors  or 
next  of  kin,  if  the  author  be  dead,  shall  be  en- 
titled to  a  renewal  of  the  copyright  for  a  fur- 
ther term  of  twenty-eight  years.  In  default  of 
such  application  for  renewal  the  copyright  in 
any  work  shall  end  at  the  expiration  of  twenty- 
eight  years 

If  any  person  shall  infringe  the  copyright  in 
any  work  protected  under  the  copyright  laws  of 
the  United  States,  such  person  shall  be  liable: 

(a)  To  an  injunction  restraining  such  infringe- 
ment. 

(b)  To   pay    to   the    copyright   proprietor   such 
damages    as    the   copyright   proprietor   may   have 
suffered  due  to  the  infringement,   as  well  as  all 
the  profits  which   the  infriuger  shall  have  made 
from    such   infringement,    and   in   proving   profits 
the  plaintiff  shall  be  required  to  prove  sales  only 
and    the    defendant    shall    be    required    to    prove 
every    element    of   cost    which    he    claims,    or   in 
lieu   of  actual  damages   or  profits   such  damages 
as  to  the  court  shall  appear  to  be  just,   and  in 
assessing   such    damages    the  court    may,    in   its 
discretion,     allow    the     amounts    as    hereinafter 
stated  (in  numbered  paragraphs),  but  in  the  case 
of    a    newspaper    reproduction    of    a    copyrighted 
photograph    such   damages   shall   not    exceed   the 
sum  of  $200  nor  be  less  than  $50,  and  such  dam- 
ages  shall   in   no   other   case   exceed   the   sum   of 
$250  and  shall  not  be  regarded  as  a  penalty.     In 
the  case  of  the  infringement  of  an  undramatized 
or   noudramatic   work    by    means    of   motion   pic- 
tures,   where    the    infringer    shows   that   he    was 
not   aware  that  he   was   infringing,   the  damages 
shall    not    exceed    $100;    in    the    case   of    the    in- 
fringement  under  like  circumstances  of  a   copy- 
righted dramatic  or  dramatico-musical  work  the 
entire    sum    recoverable    shall   not   exceed    $5,000 
nor  be   less   than  $250. 

1.  In  the  case  of  a  painting,   statue  or  sculp- 
ture, $10  for  every  infringing  copy  made  or  sold 
by  or  found  in  the  possession  of  the  infringer  or 
his   agents  or  employes. 

2.  In  the  case  of  any  work  enumerated  in  the 
list   (given  above)  of  works  for  which  copyright 
may  be  asked,  except  a  painting,  statue  or  sculp- 
ture,  $l  for  every  infringing  copy. 

3.  In  the  case  of  a  lecture,  sermon  or  address, 
$50  for  every  infringing  delivery. 

4.  In  the  case  of  dramatic  or  dramatico-musi- 
cal or  a  choral  or  orchestral  composition,  $100  for 
the  first  and  $50  for  every  subsequent  infringing 
performance;   in  the  case  of  other  musical   com 
positions,    $10    for   every   infringing   performance. 

(c)  To  deliver  up  on  oath  all  articles  alleged 
to   infringe   a   copyright. 

(d)  To  deliver  up  on  oath  for  destruction  all 
the   infringing  copies  or  devices,   as  well  as   all 
plates,   molds,  matrices  or  other  means  for  mak- 
ing   such    infringing   copies,    as    the    court    may 
order. 

(e)  Whenever    the   owner    of   a    musical   copy- 
right has  used  or  permitted  the  use  of  the  copy- 
righted  work   upon  the   parts  of   musical  instru- 
ments   serving    to    reproduce    mechanically    the 
musical   work,    then  in   case   of  infringement   by 
tho  unauthorized  manufacture,   use  or  sale  of  in- 
terchangeable  parts,    such   as   disks,    rolls,   bands 
or  cylinders  for  use  in  mechanical  music-produc- 
ing    machines,     no     criminal     action     shall*   be 
brought,  but  in  a  civil  action  an  injunction  may 
be   granted   upon   such   terms   as   the    court    may 
impose  and  the  plaintiff  shall  be  entitled  to  re- 


cover  in  lieu  of  profits  and  damages  a  royalty 
as  provided  in  the  act. 

Any  person  who  shall  willfully  and  for  profit 
nfriuge  any  copyright,  or  willfully  aid  or  abet 
such  Infringement,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
lisdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall 
be  punished  by  imprisonment  for  not  exceeding 
one  year  or  by  a  tine  of  not  less  than  $100  nor 
more  than  $1,000,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  court.  It  is  provided,  however,  that  nothing 
in  the  act  shall  prevent  the  performance  of  re- 
ligious or  secular  works,  such  as  oratorios,  can- 
tatas, masses  or  octavo  choruses  by  public 
schools,  church  choirs  or  vocal  societies,  pro- 
vided the  performance  is  for  charitable  or  edu- 
cational purposes  and  not  for  profit. 

Any  person  who  shall  fraudulently  place  a 
copyright  notice  upon  any  uucopyrighted  article, 
or  shall  fraudulently  remove  or  alter  the  notice 
upon  any  copyrighted  article,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  shall  be  subject  to 
a  tine  of  not  less  than  $100  nor  more  than  $1,000. 
Any  person  who  shall  knowingly  sell  or  issue  any 
article  bearing  a  notice  of  United  States  copy- 
right which  has  not  been  copyrighted  in  this 
country,  or  who  shall  knowingly  import  any  arti- 
cle bearing  such  notice,  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine 
of  $100. 

During  the  existence  of  the  American  copyright 
in  any  book  the  importation  of  any  piratical 
copies  thereof  or  of  any  copies  not  produced  in 
accordance  with  the  manufacturing  provisions  of 
the  copyright  law,  or  of  any  plates  of  the  same 
not  made  from  tvpe  set  in  this  countrv,  or  any 
copies  produced  by  lithographic  or  photo-engrav- 
ing process  not  performed  within  the  United 
States,  is  prohibited.  Kxcept  as  to  piratical 
copies  this  does  not  apply: 

(a)  lia    works    in    raised    characters    for    the 
blind; 

(b)  To   a    foreign   newspaper   or   magazine,    al- 
though   containing    matter    copyrighted    in    the 
United  States   printed  or  reprinted   by  authority 
of  the  copyright  owner,  unless  such  newspaper  or 
magazine  contains  also  copyright  matter  printed 
without   such  authorization; 

(c)  To  the   authorized   edition  of  a   book  in   a 
foreign  language  of  which  only  a  translation  into 
English   has   been  copyrighted  in  this  country; 

(d)  To  any  book  published  abroad  with  the  au- 
thorization of  the  author  or  copyright  proprietor 
under  the  following  circumstances: 

1.  When  imported,  not  more  than  one  copy  at 
a  time,   for  individual  use  and  not  for  sale,   but 
such  privilege  of  importation  shall  not  extend  to 
a    foreign    reprint    of    a    book    by    an    American 
author  copyrighted   in  the   United   States; 

2.  When   imported   by  or    for   the   use   of   the 
United   States; 

3.  When   imported   for   use   and   not  for   sale, 
not  more  than  one  copy  of  any  such  book  in  any 
one  invoice,  in  good  faith,  by  or  for  any  society 
or    institution   incorporated    for   educational,    lit- 
erary,   philosophical,    scientific   or    religious    pur- 
poses, or  for  the  encouragement  of  the  fine  arts, 
or  for  any  college,   academy,   school  or  seminary 
of  learning,  or  for  any  state  school,  college,  uni- 
versity   or    free    public    library    in    the    United 
States; 

4.  When  such  books  form  parts  of  libraries  or 
collections  purchased  en   bloc  for  the  use  of  so- 
cieties, institutions  or  libraries,  or  form  parts  of 
the  library  or  personal  baggage  belonging  to  per- 
sons or  families   arriving  from  foreign  countries 
and  are  not   intended  for  sale. 

No  criminal  actions  shall  be  maintained  under 
the  copyright  law  unless  the  same  be  begun 
within  thr2e  years  after  the  cause  of  action 
arose. 

Copyright  may  be  assigned,  mortgaged  or  be- 
queathed by  will. 

There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  librarian  of 
congress  a  register  of  copyrights  at  a  salary  of 
$4,000  a  year  and  an  assistant  register  at  $3,000 
a  year. 

These  with  their  subordinate  assistants  shall 
perform  all  the  duties  relating  to  the  registration 
of  copyrights.  The  register  of  copyrights  shall 
keep  such  record  books  in  the  copyright  office  as 


152 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB.   1920. 


are  required  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the 
law,  and  whenever  deposit  has  been  made  in  the 
copyright  office  of  a  copy  of  any  work  under  the 
provisions  of  the  act  he  snail  make  entry  thereof. 

In  the  case  of  each  entry  the  person  recorded 
as  the  claimant  of  the  copyright  shall  be  en- 
titled to  a  certificate  of  registration  under  seal 
of  the  copyright  office. 

The  register  of  copyrights  shall  receive  and  the 
persons  to  whom  the  services  designated  are  ren- 
dered shall  pay  the  following  fees:  For  the  reg- 
istration of  any  work  subject  to  copyright.  $1. 
which  sum  is  to  include  a  certificate  of  registra- 
tion under  seal:  Provided,  That  in  the  case  of 
photographs  the  fee  shall  be  50  cents  where  a 
certificate  is  not  demanded.  For  every  additional 
certificate  of  registration  made,  50  cents.  For 
recording  and  certifying  any  instrument  of  writ- 
ing for  the  assignment  of  copyright  or  license, 
or  for  any  copy  of  such  certificate  or  license, 
duly  certified,  if  not  over  300  words  in  length. 
$1;  If  more  than  300  and  less  than  1,000.  $2:  if 
more  than  1,000  words  in  length,  $1  additional 


APPLICATIONS 

[Condensed  from  rules  of  practice 

Business  with  the  patent  office  should  be 
transacted  in  writing.  All  office  letters  must 
be  sent  in  the  name  of  the  "commissioner  of 
patents."  On  the  propriety  of  making  an  ap- 
plication for  a  patent  the  inventor  must  judge 
for  himself.  The  office  is  open  to  him  and  its 
records  and  models  may  be  inspected  either 
by  himself  or  by  any  attorney  or  expert  he  may 
call  to  his  aid.  Pending  applications  are  pre- 
served in  secrecy,  but  after  a  patent  has  issued 
the  model,  specification,  drawings  and  all  docu- 
ments relating  to  the  case  are  subject  to  general 
inspection,  and  copies,  except  of  the  model,  are 
furnished  at  rates  specified  hereinafter. 

An  applicant  may  prosecute  his  own  case,  but 
he  is  advised,  unless  familiar  with  such  mat- 
ters, to  employ  a  competent  patent  attorney,  as 
the  value  of  patents  depends  largely  upon  the 
skillful  preparation  of  the  specification  and 
claims. 

A  patent  may  be  obtained  by  any  person  who 
has  invented  or  discovered  any  new  and  useful 
art.  machine,  manufacture  or  composition  of 
matter,  or  any  new  and  useful  improvement 
thereof,  not  known  or  used  by  others  in  this 
country  before  his  invention  or  discovery  thereof, 
and  not  patented  or  described  in  any  printed 
publication  in  this  or  any  foreign  country  before 
his  invention  or  discovery  thereof,  or  more  than 
two  years  prior  to  his  application,  and  not 
patented  in  a  country  foreign  to  the  United 
States,  on  an  application  filed  by  him  or  his 
legal  representatives  or  assigns  more  than  twelve 
months  before  his  application,  and  not  in  public 
nse  or  on  sale  in  the  United  States  for  more 
than  two  years  prior  to  his  application,  unless 
the  same  is  proved  to  have  been  abandoned,  upon 
payment  of  the  fees  required  by  law  and  other 
due  proceedings  had. 

In  the  case  of  the  death  of  the  inventor,  the 
application  will  be  made  by  and  the  patent  issue 
to  his  executor  or  administrator. 

Applications  for  patents  must  be  made  to  the 
commissioner  of  patents  and  must  be  signed  by 
the  inventor  or  in  case  of  his  death  by  his 
executor  or  administrator.  A  complete  applica- 
tion comprises  the  first  fee  of  $15,  a  petition, 
specification  and  oath,  all  of  which  must  be  in 
the  English  language,  and  drawings  when  re- 
quired. Papers  for  permanent  record  must  be 
legibly  written  or  printed  in  permanent  ink. 
The  application  must  be  completed  and  prepared 
for  examination  within  one  year.  The  petition 
must  be  addressed  to  the  commissioner  of  pat- 
ents and  must  state  the  name,  residence  and 
postoffice  address  of  the  petitioner,  designate  by 
title  the  invention  sought  to  be  patented,  con- 
tain a  reference  to  the  specification  for  a  full 
lisclosure  of  such  invention  and  must  be  signed 
by  the  inventor. 


for  each  1.000  words  or  fraction  thereof  over  300 
words.  For  recording  the  notice  of  user  or  ac- 
quiescence specified  in  the  act,  25  cents  for  each 
notice  of  not  over  fifty  words  and  an  additional 
25  cents  for  each  additional  100  words.  For  com 
paring  any  copy  of  an  assignment  with  the  rec- 
ord of  such  document  in  the  copyright  office  and 
certifying  the  same  under  seal,  $1.  For  record- 
ing the  extension  or  renewal  of  copyright,  5» 
cents.  For  recording  the  transfer  of  the  pro- 
prietorship of  copyrighted  articles.  10  cents  for 
each  title  of  a  book  or  other  article  in  addition 
to  the  fee  for  recording  the  instrument  of  as- 
signment. For  any  requested  search  of  copyright 
office  records,  indexes  or  deposits,  50  cents  for 
each  full  hour  consumed  In  making  such  search. 
Only  one  registration  at  one  fee  shall  be  required 
in  the  case  of  several  volumes  of  the  same  book 
deposited  at  the  same  time. 

For  copyright  blanks  and  additional  informa- 
tion as  to  copyright  regulations  address  the  reg- 
ister of  copyrights,  library  of  congress.  Wash- 
ington. D.  C. 


FOB   PATENTS. 

in  the  United   States   patent   office.] 

The  specification  is  a  written  description  o* 
the  invention  or  discovery  and  of  the  manner 
and  process  of  making,  constructing,  compound- 
ing and  using  the  same,  and  is  required  to  be 
in  such  full,  clear,  concise  and  exact  terms  as 
to  enable  any  person  skilled  in  the  art  or  science 
to  which  the  invention  or  discovery  appertains, 
or  with  which  it  is  most  nearly  connected,  to 
make,  construct,  compound  and  use  the  same. 
In  case  of  a  mere  improvement  the  specification 
must  particularly  point  out  the  parts  to  which 
the  improvement  relates,  distinguishing  clearly 
between  what  is  old  and  what  Is  claimed  as  new. 
The  following  order  of  arrangement  should  be 
observed  in  framing  the  specification:  (a)  Pre- 
amble stating  the  name  and  residence  of  the 
applicant  and  the  title  of  the  invention.  (b) 
General  statement  of  the  object  and  nature  of 
the  invention,  (c)  Brief  description  of  the  sev- 
eral views  of  the  drawing  (if  the  invention  ad- 
mit of  such  illustration),  (d)  Detailed  descrip- 
tion, (e)  Claim  or  claims.  (f)  Signature  of 
applicant. 

Two  or  more  independent  inventions  cannot  be 
claimed  in  one  application ;  but  where  several 
distinct  inventions  are  dependent  upon  each  other 
and  mutually  contribute  to  produce  a  single  re- 
sult they  may  be  claimed  in  one  application. 
The  applicant,  if  the  inventor,  must  make  oath 
or  affirmation  that  he  does  verily  believe  him- 
self to  be  the  original  and  first  inventor  or 
discoverer  of  the  art.  machine,  manufacture, 
composition  or  improvement  for  which  he  solicits 
a,  patent;  that  he  does  not  know  and  does  not 
believe  that  the  same  was  ever  known  or  used 
before  his  invention  or  discovery  thereof,  and 
shall  state  of  what  country  he  is  a  citizen  and 
where  he  resides  and  whether  he  is  a  sole  or 
joint  inventor  of  the  invention  claimed  in  his 
application.  In  every  original  application  the 
applicant  must  distinctly  state  under  oath  that 
to  the  best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief  the  in- 
vention has  not  been  in  public  use  or  on  sale 
in  the  United  States  for  more  than  two  years 
prior  to  his  application  or  patented  or  described 
in  any  printed  publication  in  any  country  before 
his  invention  or  more  than  two  years  prior  to 
his  application,  or  patented  in  any  foreign  coun- 
try on  an  application  filed  by  himself  or  his 
legal  representatives  or  assigns  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  his  application  in  this 
country.  If  any  application  for  patent  has  been 
filed  in  any  foreign  country  by  the  applicant  in 
this  country,  or  by  his  legal  representatives  or 
assigns,  prior  to  his  application  in  this  country, 
he  shall  state  the  country  or  countries  in  which 
such  application  has  been  filed,  giving  the  date 
of  such  application,  and  shall  also  state  that 
no  application  has  been  filed  in  any  other  coun- 
try or  countries  than  those  mentioned,  and  if 
no  application  for  patent  has  been  filed  in  any 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


163 


foreign  country  he  shall  so  state.  This  oath 
most  be  subscribed  to  by  the  affiant. 

The  oath  or  affirmation  may  be  made  before 
any  person  within  the  TTnited  States  authorized 
by  law  to  administer  ou.ns,  or,  when  the  appli- 
cant resides  in  a  foreign  country,  before  any 
minister,  charge  d'affaires,  consul  or  commercial 
agent  of  the  United  States,  or  by  any  official 
authorized  to  administer  oaths  in  the  country 
in  which  the  applicant  may  be. 

Drawings  must  be  made  upon  pure  white  paper 
of  a  thickness  corresponding  to  a  two-sheet 
or  three-sheet  Bristol  board.  The  surface  of 
the  paper  must  be  calendered  and  smooth.  India 
ink  alone  must  be  used  to  secure  perfectly  black 
and  solid  lines.  The  size  of  the  sheet  on  which 
a  drawing  is  made  must  be  exactly  ten  by 
fifteen  inches.  One  inch  from  its  edges  a  single 
marginal  line  is  to  be  drawn,  leaving  the 
"sight"  precisely  eight  by  thirteen  inches.  With- 
in this  margin  all  work  and  signatures  must  be 
included. 

A  model  will  be  required  or  admitted  as  a  part 
of  the  application  only  when  on  examination 
of  the  case  in  its  regular  order  the  primary 
examiner  shall  find  it  to  be  necessary  or  useful. 

A  design  patent  may  be  obtained  by  any  per- 
son who  has  invented  any  new,  original  and 
ornamental  design  for  an  article  of  manufacture, 
not  known  or  used  by  others  in  this  country 
before  his  invention  thereof,  and  not  patented 
or  described  in  any  printed  publication  in  this 
or  any  foreign  country  before  his  invention 
thereof,  or  more  than  two  years  prior  to  his 
application,  and  not  caused  to  be  patented  by 
him  in  a  foreign  country  on  an  application  filed 
more  than  four  months  before  his  application  in 
this  country  and  not  in  public  use  or  on  sale 
In  this  country  for  more  than  two  years  prior 
to  his  application,  unless  the  same  is  proved 
to  have  been  abandoned,  upon  payment  of  the 
fees  required  by  law  and  other  due  proceed- 
ings had,  the  same  as  in  cases  of  inventions  or 
discoveries. 

Patents  for  designs  are  granted  for  three  and 
one-half  years,  seven  years  or  fourteen  years 
as  the  applicant  may  elect.  The  proceedings 
in  applications  for  patents  for  designs  are  sub- 
stantially the  same  as  in  applications  for  other 
patents.  The  design  must  be  represented  by  a 
drawing  made  to  conform  to  the  rules  laid 
down  for  drawings  of  mechanical  inventions. 

A  reissue  is  granted  when  the  original  pat- 
ent is  inoperative  or  invalid  by  reason  of  a  de- 
fective or  insufficient  specification,  or  by  reason 
of  the  patentee  claiming  as  his  invention  or 
discovery  more  than  he  had  a  right  to  claim 
as  new.  provided  the  error  has  arisen  through 
accident  or  mistake. 

[For  rules  as  to  interferences,  reconsideration 
of  cases,  appeals,  hearings,  motions,  testimony, 
briefs  and  other  technical  or  legal  data,  in- 
ventors are  referred  to  the  "rules  of  practice," 
which  may  be  obtained  free  from  the  United 
States  patent  office.] 

Every  patent  shall  issue  within  a  period  of 
three  months  from  the  date  of  the  payment  of 
the  final  fee.  A  patent  will  not  be  antedated. 
Every  patent  will  contain  a  short  title  of  the 


invention  or  discovery  indicating  its  nature  and 
object,  and  a  grant  to  the  patentee,  his  heirs 
and  assigns,  for  the  term  of  seventeen  years, 
of  the  exclusive  right  to  vend  the  invention  or 
discovery  throughout  the  United  States  and  its 
territories. 

Fees    are    payable    in    advance.      Following    IB 
the    schedule    of   fees   and   prices: 

On   filing  each   original   application $15.00 

On  issuing  each  original  patent 20.00 

In  design  cases— For  3  years  and  6  months.  10.00 

For   7    years 15.00 

For    14    years 30.00 

On    every    application    for    reissue 30.00 

On  filing  each  disclaimer 10.00 

On   appeal   from   the   primary   examiner 10.00 

On  appeal  from  examiners  in  chief  to  com- 
missioner      20.00 

For  certified  copies  of  patents   if  in  print— 
For  specification  and  drawing,  per  copy..      .05 

For    the    certificate 25 

For     the     grant &• 

For  certifying  to  a  duplicate  of  a  model.      .60 
For  manuscript  copies  of  records,  for  every 

100   words   or   fraction   thereof W 

If  certified,   for  the  certificate  additional.      .25 

For   20-coupon    orders 1-00 

For    100   coupons    in    stub    book 5.00 

For  uncertified  copies  of  specifications,   etc.      .05 

For   drawings,    if   in    print 0& 

For    copies    of   drawings    not   in    print,    the 

reasonable   cost   of  making  them. 
For    photo    prints    of    drawings,     for    each 
sheet  of  drawings— Size  10x15  in.,  per  copy      .25 

Size  8x12%  inches,    per  copy 15 

For   recording   documents    of    300    words    or 

under    1-00 

Of  over  300  and   under  1.000  words 2.00 

For   each   additional    1.000   words  or  frac- 
tion    thereof 1-00 

For    abstracts    of    title    to    patents    or    in- 
ventions—For the  search,  one  hour  or  less, 

and    certificate 1-00 

Each  additional   hour  or  fraction   thereof.      .50 
For    each    brief    from    digest    of    assign- 
ments.   200    words    or    less 20 

Each    additional    100    words    or    fraction 

thereof    10 

For  searching  titles  or  records,  one  hour  or 

less    50 

Each  additional  hour  or   fraction  thereof.      .50 
For   assistance   to  attorneys,   1   hour  or  loss    1.00 
Each   additional  hour  or  fraction   thereof.    1.00 
For    copies    of   matter   in    any   foreign    lan- 
guage   for  every  100  words  or  a  fraction 

thereof    •• 10 

For    translation,     for    every    100    words    or 

fraction    thereof •£> 

For    Official    Gazette,    per    year 5.00 

PATENT   OFFICE   STATISTICS. 


Yr.   Applications.Issues. 


1905 54.971 

1906 56,482 

1907 57,679 

1908 60.142 

1909 64.408 

1910 63.293 

1911 67,370 


30.399 
31.965 
36,620 
33.682 
37.421 
35.930 
34.084 


Yr.   Applications.  Issues. 


1912 70.976 

1913 70,367 

1914 70,464 

1915 70.069 

1916 71,033 

1917 70.373 


37,731 
35,788 
41,850 
44,934 
45,927 
42.76t 


1918 60.616   39.941 


REGISTRATION    OF    TRADE-MARKS. 


Under  the  law  passed  by  congress  Feb.  20.  1905, 
and  effective  April  1,  1905,  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  or  foreigners  living  in  countries  affording 
Bimilar  privileges  to  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  may  obtain  registration  of  trade-marks 
used  in  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  or  among 
the  several  states,  or  with  Indian  tribes,  by 
complying  with  the  following  requirements: 
First,  by  filing  in  the  patent  office  an  applica- 
tion therefor  in  writing,  addressed  to  the  com- 
missioner of  patents,  signed  by  the  applicant, 
specifying  his  name,  domicile,  location  and  cit- 
izenship; the  class  of  merchandise  and  the  par- 
ticular description  of  goods  comprised  in  such 
class  to  which  the  trade-mark  is  appropriated; 


a  statement  of  the  mode  in  which  the  same  Is 
applied  and  affixed  to  goods,  and  the  length  of 
time  during  which  the  trade-mark  has  been 
used.  With  this  statement  shall  be  filed  a 
drawing  of  the  trade-mark,  signed  by  the  appli- 
cant or  his  attorney,  and  such  number  of  speci- 
mens of  the  trade-mark  as  may  be  required  by 
the  commissioner  of  patents.  Second,  by  paying 
into  the  treasury  of  the  United  States  the  snm 
of  $10  and  otherwise  complying  with  the  require- 
ments of  the  law  and  such  regulations  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  the  commissioner  of  patents. 

The  application  must  be  accompanied  by  a 
written  declaration  to  the  effect  that  the  applicant 
believes  himself  to  be  the  owner  of  the  trade- 


154 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


mark  sought  to  be  registered  and  that  no  other 
person  or  corporation  has  the  right  to  use  it; 
that  such  trade-mark  is  in  use  and  that  the  de- 
scription and  drawing  presented  are  correct. 
Trade-marks  consisting  of  or  comprising  immoral 
or  scandalous  matter,  the  coat  of  arms,  flag  or 
other  insignia  of  the  United  States  or  of  any 
state  9f  foreign  nation  cannot  be  registered. 
Fees  for  renewal  of  trade-marks  and  for  filing 
opposition  to  registration  are  $10  each;  tor  ap- 


peals   from    examiners    to    the    commissioner    of 
patents.   $15   each. 

Further  information  may  be  had  by  applying  to 
the  commissioner  of  patents,   Washington,   D.  C. 

TRADE-MARKS   ISSUED. 


1913 5,065 

1914 6,817 

1915 6,292 


1916 6,791 

1917 5  r^9 

1918 4,061 


EARTHQUAKES    AND    ERUPTIONS    IN    RECENT    TIMES. 


ST.  PIERRE,  MARTINIQUE 

(Eruption  of  Mont  Pelee.) 
Date— May  8.  1902. 
Lives  lost— 30.000. 
Property  destroyed — Not  estimated. 
MOUNT  VESUVIUS. 

(Eruption.) 

Date— April  8-11.  1906. 
Lives  lost— About  200. 

Towns  suffering  damage— Torre  del  Greco.  Torre 
Annunziata.  Boscotrecase.  Ottajano,  San  <riu- 
seppe.  Portici.  Caserta.  Nola  and  San  Giorgio. 
SAN  FRANCISCO.  CAL. 
(Earthquake  and  fire.) 
Date— April  18.  1906. 
Lives  lost— 452. 
Persons  injured— 1.500. 
Persons  made  homeless — 265, OOO. 
Property  loss-$350.000.000    (estimated). 
Buildings  destroyed— 6.000. 
Blocks  burned — 453. 

Area  of  burned  district— 3.96  square  miles. 
Relief  by  congress— 82.500.000 
Relief  subscription— $11,000.000. 

VALPARAISO.   CHILE. 

(Earthquake.) 
Date— Aug.  16,  1906. 
Lives  lost— 1.500. 
Property  loss— $100.000.000. 

KINGSTON.  JAMAICA. 

(Earthquake.) 
Date— Jan.  14,  1907. 
Lives  lost— 1.100. 
Persons  injured— 2,000. 
Property  loss— $25.000,000. 
Buildings  destroyed— 6.000. 
Area  of  ruined  district— 50  acres. 
Area  affected— 300  acres. 
Duration  of  first  shock— 38  seconds. 
Duration  of  fire — 40  hours. 

SICILY  AND  CALABRIA. 

(Earthquake.) 
Date— Dec.  28.  1908. 
Day  of  week— Monday. 
Hour— 5:23  a.  m. 
Duration— 35  seconds. 
Lives  lost— 76.483. 
Persons  injured— 95.470. 
Persons  homeless— 1,100,000. 
Property   destroyed— Not  estimated. 
Region  affected — Northeastern  Sicily  and  south- 
western Calabria. 

Chief  cities  and  towns  destroyed  or  damaged 
—In  Sicily :  Messina,  Faro,  Santa  Teresa,  Scal- 
leta.  In  Calabria:  Reggio,  Gallico,  San  Gio- 
vanni San  Eufemia,  Pellaro,  Palmi.  Canni- 
tello. 


CARTAGO.   COSTA  RICA. 

(Earthquake.) 
Date— May  5.  1910. 
Hour — 7  p.  m. 
Lives   lost— 1.500. 

TURKEY. 

(Earthquake.) 
Date— Aug.  9,  1912. 
Lives  lost— 3,000. 
Persons  injured — 6,000. 
Persons  homeless — 10.000. 

SAKURA,   JAPAN. 
(Eruption  and  earthquakes.) 
Date— Jan.  12,  1914. 
Lives  lost — 43. 
Houses  destroyed— 855. 
Persons  made  destitute — 20.000. 
Property  loss— Not  estimated. 

SICILY. 
(Earthquake.) 
Date— May  8-9.  1914. 
Lives  lost — 200. 
Persons  injured — 1,000. 

CENTRAL  ITALY. 

(Earthquake.) 
Date— Jan.  13,  1915. 
Hour — 7:55  a.  m. 
Duration — 30  seconds. 
Lives  lost — 29.978. 

Provinces  affected — Aquila.  Caserta  and  Rome. 
Communes  damaged — 372. 
Largest  city  destroyed— A vezzano. 
GUATEMALA  CITY. 

(Earthquake.) 
Date— Dec.  24-31,  1917. 
Began— 11  p.  m.,  Dec.  24. 
Duration — One  week. 
Lives  lost— 2,500. 
Property  loss— Not  estimated. 

JAVA. 

(Eruption  volcano  Kalut.) 
Date— May   20.   1919. 
Place— Brengat   and  Blitar  districts. 
Villages  destroyed — 31. 
Lives    lost— 5,100. 

MUGELLO  VALLEY,  ITALY. 

(Earthquake.) 
Date— June     29.     1919. 
Lives  lost— 100. 

Towns  damaged— Vicchio.  Dorgo  San  Lorenzo. 
Tirli,  Firenzaloa,  Rapezzo,  Casanuova.  Ri- 
fredo,  Moscheta.  Marradi.  San  Piero,  Sieve. 
Vaglia.  Mcntorsoli,  Dioomano.  Covelia  and 
Lubiana. 


City.  No.  hogs. 

Chicago   2,895,846 

Cincinnati    233.409 

Indianapolis  534.559 

Kansas    City 1.044.898 

Milwaukee  (including  Cudahy)  .      491.004 

South  Omaha 805.675 

St.  Louis...  ...1.060.902 


PORK     PACKING     STATISTICS. 

Season  from  Nov.  1   to  March  1. 

1917-18.      1916-17.      1915-16.      1914-15. 

No.  hogs.  No.  hogs.  No.  hogs. 

3,339.072  3,623.682  2.871.328 
268.366  283.584  225.673 
732.416  762.824  684.247 

1,137,394  1,234.916  1,100.581 
550  021  688.905  765.820 
964,173  952.746  789.423 

1.105.887  1.249.145   771.990 


1913-14. 

No.  hogs. 

2.349,614 
187.547 
519.188 
991.624 
513.556 
814.451 
720,368 


1912-13. 

No.  hogs. 

2.364.363 
212.072 
571.773 

1.099,985 
513.637 
809.443 
890,850 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


155 


MONEY  ANI 

WORLD'S   PRODUCTION  OF  GOLD   AND 
SILVER    IN    1917. 

>   FINANCE. 

Silver 
Calendar  years.            Gold.        (coining  value). 
1811  —  1820                  876  063  000     $°24  786  000 

[From  report  of  the  director  of  the  mint.] 

1821—1830...               94.479,000        191,444000 

Figures  are  for  calendar  year. 

1831—1840  134841000        247930000 

Country.                              Gold.                 Silver. 
United  States                  $83,  750,  700  $64,225,593 

1841—1850  363.928,000        324,400,000 
1851  —  1855                  662  566  000        184  169  000 

Canada  15.200.000      19,830,683 
Mexico                                    9,000.000      27,944,333 

1856—1860  670.415.000        188,092,000 
1861  —  1865    614944000        228861000 

Cent.  American  states     3  122,000        2,121,295 

1866—1870  648.071.000        278313000 

Argentina                                     4,600             25,292 

1871—1875  577883000        409332000 

Bolivia  ..                                       5.000        2,180,113 

1876—1880  572.931.000        509256*000 

Brazil                           .         2,5°8.000             22,831 

1881—1885  495.582000        594773000 

Chile                                         310  000        1  497,037 

1886  —  1890  564474000        704074000 

Colombia                              6  300  000           290,956 

1891—1895  814.736.000     1  018'708'000 

Ecuador    710.000             40,286 

1896—1900  1  286.505.400    1.071.148.400 

Peru                                         1  300  000        9  847  750 

1901—1905  1,610.309.700    1  066  848  300 

Uruguay                                      10000                 .... 

1906  402.503.000        213403600 

Guiana    British                      600  000 

1907  412966000        238166600 

Dutch                                      4(1(1  UOO                7  16° 

1908  443  006  °00        °62  634  500 

1909    .     .                     454  059  100        274  °93  700 

Vene/uela                                 637  000                2  955 

1910  455259800        286652300 

1911  461939700        292451*500 

1912  ...                         466  136  100        261  40°  300 

1913  4C9  941  100        289497000 

1Q14  439  078  °60        °07  678  038 

Greece    313,337 

1915  468.724.913        231*241*050 

Italy  2.000           402,863 
Norway   252.461 
Russia   18,000.000            447.625 

1917  423.590.200       212,030*965 

Serbia   17.905 
Spain                                     4,028,625 

Sweden                                    10  000             31,334 

PRODUCTION    OF    GOLD    AND    SILVER    BY 

Turkey                                358,100 

STATES    AND    TERRITORIES 

New  South  Wales  1,698.400        2.506,700 
Northern    Territory                  8000              

[From  report  of  the  director  of  *he  mint.] 

Queensland     3.623.300    
South    Australia                     103  200            214  860 

Calendar  years. 
Gold 

Victoria    4,119.700    

Western    Australia....    20.130.800              25.962 

State.                                1917.                   1918. 
Alaska    $14  671  400        $9108500 

New    Zealand  5,787.200            198,567 

Arizona    ....                    5  180  600           5*760'°00 

Tasmania       290.000            698,295 

California                          °0  9°9  400        17*°07'000 

Papua     .                    184900    

Colorado                            15  974*500        l'-''853'500 

British     India  10756.800            537,150 

Georgia                                        fi  ^OO                  V*\nn 

China         3600100              56759 

Chosen    4444.000              25,067 

Montana                               3  673  °00          3  170  000 

FederatedMalay  States         342  300    

Formosa     (Taiwan)...      1,033.000              44,763 
Indo-China                                   50  000                    895 

New    Mexico.  1,085.400               638^00 

Japan                4562200        6127538 

Africa  — 

South'  Carolina  1.700 

Egypt     65,800                    806 

South    Dakota  7,372,900           6,786  700 
Texas  100                     'lOO 

French  East  Africa           31,000    

Utah  3  522  100          3  14°  ^00 

Madagascar  950.900              17,095 

Washington  .                       488  °00             342*300 

Port.  E.  Africa....           248.600                 1.074 
Rhodesia     17,245.000            189,793 
Transvaal  Cape  Col- 

Wyoming                8.70V                     '400 
Philippine  islands..  .      1.446.100             913700 
Other  .  .                                      9  500                  7  500 

ony    and   Natal.  ..186.  503.400            850.488 
West    Africa  7445  600 

Total   valup                  83  750  700        68  493  500 

Total                            4°3  590  °00   146  814  465 

WORLD'S    PRODUCTION    OF    GOLD    AND 

Silver  (Commercial  Value). 
State.                                   1917.                 1918. 
Alaska    ..     .                       $994100           $796836 

SILVER   SINCE    1492. 

Arizona                                5  733  400           6  77l'490 

[From  report  of  director  of  the  mint,  1918.3 

California                           1  735*°00          1*555*417 

Silver 

Colorado    ^  6.004*500           6*98"  313 

Idaho                                    9  390  000        10  188  056 

149°     15°0               $107  931  000        $54  703  000 

Michigan  ...                          563*400             '491*939 

1521     1544                  114  205  000           98  986  000 

Montana    11986100        15341793 

1545     1560                    90  49°  000        °07  °40  000 

Nevada  9237700        10113405 

1561  —  1580                    90  917  000        248  990  000 

New  Mexico  1264*700             '763*758 

1581     1600                    98  095  000        348  °54  000 

North    Carolina.                           500                           9 

1601     16°0                  113  °48  000        351  579  000 

Oregon    141800              150207 

1621—1640...       .     110.324.000        327.221.000 
1641  —  1660                  116  571  000        304  5°5  000 

South    Dakota  156.800              165,865 
Texas    484  °00              61°  436 

1661     1680                  1°3  048  000        °80  166  000 

Utah                                   11  00°  700        13  439  811 

1681  —  1700                  143  088  000        284  °40  000 

Washington  219100              302446 

1701  —  17°0                   170  403  000        °95  6°9  000 

Wyoming                                     2  FOO                       719 

1721—1740  253.611.000        358.480.000 
1741  —  1760    327161000        443  °32  000 

Philippines    10.500                12,597 
Other  150600              190109 

1761  —  1780                  275  °11  000        54°  658  000 

1781  —  1800                  °36  464  000         730  810  000 

Tctal                               50  078  ^  00        67  879  206 

1801—1810...        .     118.152.000        371*677.000 

Tot'l  fine  oz.  (troy)  71.740.362 

156 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR"  1920. 


MONEY   OF   THE   WORLD    (DEC.    31.    1915). 

Monetary  systems  and  approximate  stocks  of  money  in  the  principal  countries  of  the  world 
as  reported  by  the  director  of  the  mint.  No  table  for  1916  or  1917  prepared  because  of  lack 
Of  sufficient  data.  Monetary  Uncovered  , Per  capita 


Country. 

standard. 

Monetary  unit. 

Gold.* 

Silver.* 

papor.* 

Gold.Silver. 

Paper.  Tot. 

United    States  

Gold... 

Dollar    

$2,299.454 

$756,011 

$965.039 

$22.64 

$7.44 

$9.50 

$39.58 

Australia  

Gold... 

Pound   sterling  

249.527 

10.000 

41.41 

1.66 

43.07 

Canada    

Gold... 

Dollar    

170.560 

2.835 

134,233 

21.12 

.35 

16.62 

38.09 

Ceylon  

Gold... 

Rupee   

1,140 

4,780 

3,793 

4.56 

19.12 

15.17 

38.85 

United    kingdom... 

Gold... 

Pound   sterling  

661,944 

204.393 

451,013 

14.26 

4.40 

9.72 

28.38 

India    

Gold... 

Pound  sterling  and 

rupee    

42.412 

112.194 

45.416 

.13 

.36 

.14 

.63 

South  Africa  

...Gold... 

Pound   sterling  

32.572 

2.601 

13.434 

5.08 

.41 

2.09 

7.58 

Straits     Settlement 

Gold... 

Dollar    

1,665 

10,792 

13.827 

2.22 

14.39 

18.44 

35.05 

Bulgaria  

Gold... 

Lev    

19.569 

11.580 

59,368 

4.16 

2.46 

12.63 

19.25 

Chosen     (Korea)... 

Gold... 

Yen    

1.256 

3.326 

16,027 

.08 

.21 

1.03 

1.32 

Denmark    

Gold... 

Crown    

31.168 

12.854 

28,435 

10.67 

4.41 

9.74 

24.82 

Egypt  

Gold... 

Piaster    

22.832 

21,634 

21,827 

1.79 

1.70 

1.71 

5.20 

France  

Gold... 

Franc   

1,384.125 

411,090 

1.502.511 

34.86 

10.35 

37.85 

83  06 

Germany    

Gold... 

Mark  

714.073 

7,806 

758.952 

10.53 

.12 

11.19 

21.84 

Greece   

Gold... 

Drachma  

11.518 

65 

14.034 

2.23 

2.72 

4.95 

Italy  

Gold... 

Lira  

335.689 

46,568 

616.813 

9.06 

1.26 

16.65 

26.97 

Japan   

Gold... 

Yen    

143.128 

71.507 

40,738 

2.58 

1.29 

.73 

4.60 

Morocco    

Silver.. 

Rial  

1.114 

.22 

.22 

Netherlands    

Gold... 

Florin    

172.536 

195,968 

57.709 

27.21 

30.91 

9.42 

67  54 

Norway  

Gold... 

Crown    

24.887 

4,395 

17,307 

10.11 

1.79 

7.03 

18.93 

Portugal  

Gold... 

Escudo  

17.794 

41,646 

111,316 

2.99 

6.99 

18.68 

28  66 

Russia    

Gold... 

Ruble     

1,058.480 

171,465 

2,046.461 

5.93 

.96 

4.50 

11  39 

Siam     

Gold... 

Pical     

7.549 

5,393 

.88 

.63 

1  51 

Spain    

Gold... 

Peseta    

167.375 

241.811 

92,648 

8.22 

11.88 

4.55 

24.65 

Sweden    

Gold... 

Crown    

43,542 

10,492 

52.399 

7.72 

1.86 

9.29 

18  87 

Switzerland    

Gold... 

48.276 

9.889 

34,033 

12  60 

2  58 

8  88 

24  06 

Turkey    

Gold... 

Piaster    

291.197 

56.805 

129,888 

13.69 

2.67 

6.11 

22.47 

Argentina    

Gold... 

Peso    

223.939 

741.166 

29.04 

94.02 

123.06 

Brazil    

Gold... 

Milreis    

24.408 

563,658 

1.00 

23  19 

24  19 

Guiana.  British  — 

...Gold... 

Pound  'sterling  

36 

975 

849 

.12 

3.25 

2  83 

6.20 

Guiana.   Dutch  

Gold... 

Florin    

95 

188 

134 

.59 

1.88 

1.34 

3  81 

Paraguay  
Peru    

Gold... 
Gold... 

Peso    
Libra    

1.930 
25.622 

"£425 

27,738 
9.463 

2.41 
4.42 

'  .'59 

34.67 
1.63 

37.08 
6.64 

Uruguay    

Gold... 

Peso    

28.356 

1.898 

23.13 

1.55 

24  68 

Venezuela    

Gold... 

Bolivar    

2.057 

1,464 

.73 

.52 

1  25 

Guatemala    

Silver.. 

Peso    

4,011 

1.89 

1  89 

Nicaragua    

Silver.. 

Peso    

315 

1.747 

.53 

2.91 

3  44 

Panama    

Gold... 

Balboa   

51 

13 

.13 

.03 

16 

Salvador  

Silver- 

Peso  

1.554 

1,412 

1.22 

1.11 

2,33 

Total     8.258,2132.441,0128.582,792    

•Thousands  of  dollars.    Blank  spaces  in  table    indicate  no  satisfactory  information  is  available! 


PRODUCT    OF    GOLD 
CPor  1792-1873  i*  by  R.  W. 
Period 

AND    SILVER    IN    THE    UNITED 
Raymond,  commissioner,  and  since 
Gold. 

STATES    (1792 
by  the  director 
Silver. 

-1917). 
of  the  mint.] 

April  2.  1792-July  31.  1834 
July  31.  1834-Dec.  31.  1844. 

$14.000.000 
7.500.000 

Insignificant 
$250.000 

$14.000.000 
7.750.000 

1845-1850  
1851-1860   

103.030.769 
551.000.000 

300.000 
1.100.000 

103.336.769 
552.100.000 

1861-1870  

474.250.000 

100.750.000 

575.000.000 

1871-1880  

395.300.000 

360.300.000 

1881-1890  

326.620.000 

535.056.000 

861.676!o"00 

1891   

33.175.000 

75.417.000 

108.592  000 

1892  

33.000.000 

82.101.000 

115.101  000 

1893   

35.955.000 

77.576.000 

113.531.000 

1894  

39.500.000 

64.000  000 

103,500,000 

1895   

46.610,000 

72.051.000 

118.661  000 

53.088,000 

76.069,000 

129,157.000 

189*7 

57.363.000 

69.637.000 

127.000.000 

1898  .. 

64.463.000 

70.384.000 

134.847,000 

1899  .. 

71.053,000 

70.80ROOO 

141.859  000 

1900  

79.171.000 

74,533.000 

153.704.000 

1901  

78.667.000 

71.388.000 

150,055.000 

1902   

80.000.000 

71.758.000 

151,758,000 

1903  .. 

73.591.700 

70.206.000 

143.797.700 

1904  

80.464.700 

57.682.  80O 

13S.  147.500 

1905  ..                                  

8F.1F0.700 

34.222.1,00 

122.402.700 

1906  

94.373.800 

38.256.400 

13?.  630.  200 

1907  

90,435.700 

37.299.700 

127.735.400 

1908  

94.560.000 

28.050.600 

122.610.60C 

1909  

99.673.40O 

28.455.  f^OO 

128.128.600 

1910  

96.269.100 

30.854,500 

127.123.600 

1911   

96,890.000 

32.615.700 

129.505.700 

1912   .. 

93.451,500 

39.197.400 

132.649.000 

1913   

88.884.400 

40.348.100 

129.232.500 

1914   

94.531.800 

40.067.700 

134.599.500 

1915  

101.035.700 

37.397.300 

138.433.000 

1916  

92.5fiO."00 

48.953.000 

141.543.300 

1917  

83,750.700 

59.078.100 

142.828.800 

Total   3.912.797.900      1.898.013.700      5.807.721.600 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


157 


STOCKS  OP    GOLD  A: 
Fiscal  year  ended                   Popula- 
June  30.                                tion. 
1873                                     4-1  R77  nnn 

ND    SILVER    IN   THE   UNITED 
,  —  Total  coin  and  bullion.  —  , 
Gold.                     Silver. 
§135,000.000          86.149,305 
351.841.206        148,522.678 
1,695.563.029       463,211.919 
1,034.439,264       647.371.030 
1.635.424.513       727.078.304 
1,973,330.201        758,039.421 
2.450,516.328        763,218,469 
3,018.964,392        772.908.301 
3.075.339,748       745,747.094 

STATES. 
.  Per  capita.  N 

Gold.            Silver.  Totametalll. 

S3.23        $0.15        $3.38 
7.01           2.96           9.97 
11.10           7.39        18.49 
13.45           8.42        21.87 
18.10           8.05        26.15 
19.59           7.53        27.12 
23.92           7.45        31.37 
28.99           7.42        36.41 
29.06          7.04        36.09 

1880  

..   50  155.783 

1890 

....       6'2  622  250 

1900 

76  891  000 

1910... 

..   90  363.000 

1915 

100  725  000 

1916 

102  431  000 

1917... 

...104,145,000 

1918... 

...105,869,000 

PRICE   OF    BAR    SILVER   IN   LONDON. 

Higiiest,  lowest  and  average  price  of  bar  silver  per  ounce  British  standard  (.925)  since  1872 
and  the  equivalent  in  United  States  grold  coin  of  an  ounce  1.000  fine,  taken  at  the  average  price. 


CALENDAR 
YEAR. 


Lowest 
quota- 
tion. 


Highest  Average 


quota- 
tion. 


quota- 
tion. 


Value  of 
a  fine  oz. 

at  av. 
quotat'n 


CALENDAR 
YEAR. 


Lowest 
quota- 
tion. 


Highest  Average 


quota- 
tion. 


quota- 
tion. 


Value  of 
anneoz. 

at  av. 
quotat'n 


1884. 


1891 

1892 

]S93 

1894 

1895.... 


$1.298 
1.278 
1.246 
1.156 
1.201 
1.152 
1.123 
1.145 
1.138 
1.136 
1.110 
1.113 
1.0045 
.9946 
.97823 
.93897 
.93512 
1.04633 
.98782 
.87106 
.78031 
.63479 
.65406 


1896.. 
1897.. 
1898.. 
1899.. 
1900.. 
1901.. 


1904.. 
1905.. 
1906.. 
1907.. 
1908  . 
1909.. 
1910. . 
1911  . 
1912. . 
1913.. 


1915 

1916 

1917 

1918.... 


29Md. 

1* 


2415-16 
2111-16 
21  11-16 

24  7-16 

25  7-16 
29 


22 

233-16 
23  11-16 
25J^ 
26  7-16 
22^ 
225-16 
26  11-16 
35  11-16 


31  15-10  d. 
29  13-lb 
28*6 


29  SM6 

26  1-16 

28Vt 

88*18 

305-16 

33^ 

32  7-16 

27 

2413-16 

26 

26J^ 

29  11-10 


27^ 
35  13-16 
55 


27  £-16 

26  15-16 

27  7-16 
285-16 
27  3-16 
241-16 
24% 

26  13-32 

27  27-32 


2413-32 
23.7024 
24  21-32 
24  19-32 
28  3-64 
27  9-16 
2~>M 
23  21-32 
31M 
40  13-16 
47  17-32 


$0.61 


10 

.60154 
.62007 
.59595 
.52795 
.54257 
.57876 
.61087 
.67629 
.66153 
.53490 
.52016  , 
.54077  I 
.53928 
.61470 
.60458 
.55312 
.51892 
.68047 
.8952E 
1.04181 


BULLION    VALUE    OF    371%     GRAINS    OF    PURE    SILVER    AT    ANNUAL    AVERAGE 

PRICE   OF    SILVER. 


Year. 
1860 

Value.  1  Year. 
$1  045  1889 

Value. 
SO  723 

Year. 
1899 

Value. 
$0  465 

Year. 
1909 

Value. 
SO  402 

1870 

1  027  1890... 

809 

1900... 

..  .    479 

1910  

418 

1880 

885  |  1891 

764 

1901 

460 

1911 

419 

1G8° 

878 

1  RQO 

674 

1902 

408 

1912 

475 

1883 

'   857  1  803 

603 

1903... 

419 

1913 

488 

1884 

859 

1894 

490 

1904 

447 

1914 

40  g 

1885... 

823 

1895... 

.505 

1905... 

472 

1915 

401 

1886 

769 

1896 

522 

1906 

523 

1916 

530 

1887 

757 

1807 

467 

1907 

511 

1917 

692 

1888... 

726 

1898  

V..   .456 

1908... 

414 

1918... 

.805 

COINAGE   OF    GOLD    AND    SILVER   OF    THE   WORLD    (1902-1915). 


CALEN- 
DAR 
YEAR. 

GOLD. 

SILVER. 

CALEN- 
DAR 
YEAR. 

GOLD. 

SILVER. 

Fine 
ounces. 

Value. 

Fine 
ounces. 

Coining 
value. 

Fine 
ounces. 

Value. 

Fine 
ounces. 

Coining 
value. 

1902..   .   . 
1903.     .  . 
1904.     . 
1905.     . 
1906.     . 
1907.     . 
1908.     . 

10.002.U98 
11,634.007 

22.031.285 
11.898.037 
17,721.058 
19.921.014 
15,828.573 

$220,405,125 
240,496.274 
455,427.085 
245,954,257 
306,330.450 
411.803,902 
327,205.649 

149.826.725 
161,159.503 
145.332.335 
73.371.385 
120,339,501 
171.561.490 
151.352.824 

$193,715,362 
208.367.849 
172.270.379 
103,880.205 
155.590,400 
221,816.876 
195.688.499 

1909.     .  .  . 
1910  
1911.     ..  . 
1912.     ..   . 
1913.     ..  . 
1914.     ..   . 
1015  

15,153,116 
23,004,542 

18,002,444 
17.447,478 
15.494.784 
12,025.303 
8,887.712 

$313,242,714 
454.874,248 
372.143,555 
300.671,382 
320.305,619 
248,585,071 
183,518.602 

87,728.951 
78.786,842 
117.287,888 
161,763,415 
155.497.816 
192.501,238 
194.017,162 

$113.427,331 
108.915.627 
148.156.282 
171.293.019 
155.265.702 
106  J  78.285 
100.079,385 

GOLD   AND    SILVER    COINAGE    OF    THE   UNITED    STATES. 
By  calendar  years. 


YEAR. 

Gold.    1  Silver. 

YEAR. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

YEAR. 

Gold. 

Silver.  [(YEAR. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

1879.... 
1880.... 
1881,.  . 

1844!  '. 
1885.  . 
1886.  . 
1887.  . 
1888. 

$39,080,080 
62.308.279 
90.850.080 
65.887.685 
29.241.990 
23,991.756 
27,773.012 
28.945,542 
23.972.383 
31,380,808 

£27.509.776 
27.411.694 
27.940.104 
27.9;  3.i:!2 
29.246.908 
28.534.806 
2S.90%2.17C 
32.080.7(19 
35,191,081 
33.025.60t; 

1889.... 
1890.  .  .  . 
1891.... 
1892.... 
1893.  .  . 
1894.  . 
1895... 
1896... 
1897.  .  . 
1898... 

£21.413,931 
20.467,182 
29.222.005 
34.787.223 
56.997.020 
79.540.160 
59.616.358 
47.053.0tfl 
70.028.485 
77.985,757 

$35,496.683 
39.202,908 
27,518,858 
12,641.078 
8.802.797 
9,200.351 
5,098.010 
23,089,8'.W 
18,487.207 
23.034.033 

Ib99.... 
1900.... 
1901... 
1902... 
1903... 
1904... 
1905... 
1906.... 
IVOR  ... 
1908.... 

$111.344,220 
99,272,942 
101,735.168 
47,184.932 
43,683.970 
33,402.428 
249,638.441 
77,538.045 
131,907.490 
231,638.032 

$26,061,520  J1V.09.,.. 
36,295,321>!l910.... 
30,838.46l!|1911.... 
30.028.167]!  912.... 
19.874.440il913.... 
15,695610  1914.... 
6,332,187  1915.... 
10.051.087  1910.... 
13.178.4^5  1917.... 
12.391.7.  511918.... 

$88,776,907 
104.723,735 
56.  176.822 
17,498,522 
25.433,378 
53.457,817 
23.968,401 
18,525,020 
10,014 

$8.087,852 
3.740,468 
6,457.301 
7.340.995 
3,184.229 
6,083.823 
4.114,082 
8,880,800 
29.412.800 
25,473.029 

158 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


COMMERCIAL   RATIO    OF    SILVER  TO    GOLD. 


?ear.                       Ratio. 
700 14.81 

1720 15.04 

1740 14.94 

1750 14.55 

1760 14.14 

1770 14.62 

1780 14.72 

1790.... 15.04 

1800 15.68 

1810 15.77 

1820 15.62 

1830 15.82 

1840 15.62 

1850 15.70 

1860 15.29 

1870 15.57 

COINAGE 


Year.  Ratio. 

1871 15.57 

1872 15.63 

1873 15.92 

1874 16.17 

1875 16.59 

1876 17.88 

1877 17.22 

1878 17.94 

1879 18.40 

1880 18.05 

1881 18.16 

1882 18.19 

1883 18.64 

1884 18.57 

1885 19.41 

1886 20.78 

OF    GOLD    AND     SILVER 
[From  report  of  the  director  of  the  mint.] 


Year.  Ratio. 

1887 21.13 

1888 21.99 

1889 22.10 

1890 19.76 

1891 20.92 

1892 23.72 

1893 26.49 

1894 32.56 

1895 31.60 

1896 30.59 

1897 34.20 

1898 35.03 

1899 34.36 

1900 33.33 

1901 34.68 

1902 39.15 

BY 


Year.         Ratio. 

1903  ..............  38.  1O 

1904  ..............  35.7O 

1905  ..............  33.87 

1906  ..............  30.54 

1907  ..............  31.24 

1908  ..............  38.62 


1909. 


.39.7 


1910  ..............  38.22 

1911  ..............  38.34 

1912  ..........  33.64 

19 


1913  ..............  34. 

1914  ..............  37.34 

1915  ..............  39.84 

1916  ..............  30.11 

1917  ..............  23.09 

1918  ..............  19.84 

NATIONS  IN  1916* 

Fig-ures  are  for  calendar  year. 


Country.                              Gold.  Silver. 

United  States $18,525,026  $4,409,986 

Philippines  101,346 

Australia   6,198,184  1,385.565 

British  Honduras 700,295 

Canada    .,                                   29.739  540,198 

Chile  1.328.644  167,035 

China  12.067,501 

Colombia  35.864 

Costa  Rica 4,654     

Cuba  786,357 

Denmark    4,274.600  398,366 

Ecuador 198.630 

France    14,216.065 

Indo-China 214.520 


Country.                             Gold.  Silver. 

Italy    $2.182.022 

Japan     $20.911,925  1,745,855 

Mexico  129.610  129.448 

Morocco    56199 

Netherlands 267.057  1.745,573 

Panama   2,482 

Peru 2,834.624  11.373,559 

Serbia  146.232 

Siam    2.850.440 

Sweden   268,617 

Switzerland   1,158.000  181,239 

Tunis  249  652.144 


Total 55.662.212     66.285.538 

*No  late  figures  are  available. 


BANKING   STATISTICS. 

[From  reports  of  the  comptroller  of  the  currency.] 
NATIONAL   BANKS   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES. 


uiyi.    Banks.         Capital.                 Surplus.            di 
1913.7,404    $1,051,720,675    $725,272,182    $11 
1914   7453      1,063,978.175      714.117.131      12 
1915.7.560      1,068.577,080      726,620,202      11 
1916.7.579      1,066.208,875      731.820.305      11 
1917   7589      1.081.670.000      765.918.000 
1918.7,691      1,098,264,000      816,801,000      12! 

NATIONAL    BANK    NOTES. 
Bank  notes  outstanding  by  denominations  and 
amounts. 
Denominations.      Mar.  13,  1900.  Oct.  31,  1918. 
Ones                                        $348.275             $342.072 

vidends.            earnings.        ^apHai.'0  DftTiun-h*'  Ea1E.*ro5! 
?,906,0ol    $160,980  084       o  ofi        fi  *7^  *     1  1  4-fl 
1.147.096       149.270  170     11  SQ        fi  81           s'qQ 
3.639.415       127.052973     1063        633          708 
i.724.595       157.543.547     10.76        6.38          8.75 

Mellon  National,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  $6.000.000. 
Wells  Fargo-Nevada.  San  Francisco.  $6.000.000. 
First  National,  Cincinnati.  O.,  $6.000.000 
First  National,  Minneapolis.   Minn..   $5.000.000. 
American  Exchange,  New  York,  $5,000.000. 
National  Park,  New  York.  N.  Y..  $5.000.000. 
First  National.  Detroit,   Mich..   $5  000  000 
Marine,  Buffalo,  N.  Y..  $5,000,000.     ' 

STOCK    SAVINGS   BANKS   IN   THE    UNITED 
STATES    (JUNE  29,  1918). 
State.    Banks.    Depositors.       Deposits.      *Av. 
Ariz...        3           7.457        $3.550.871.48  $476.18 
Cal....   1171,109.138      579,459.793  49     522  44 
D.ofC      24      138,620        21,122.183.55     152.*37 
Fla...          3           6.525       $1,398,609.70  $214.31 
Ga....       23        48.000        11,874.016.08     247.38 
Iowa..    923      755,000      326,264.551.96    432.14 
Kansa        2          1.804             714.949.11    396.31 
La....       14      100.000        33.863.885.07    338.64 
Md....       20        36.135        16,730.185.73    462.99 
Mich..         4        28.600           6,634.694.58    231.98 
Minn.         2        19.687          8,873,293.19    450.69 
Miss..       11        *5.000          4,493,451.97    299.56 
:Neb...       19        19.940          4,357.983.48    218.55 
N.  H..       11        28.211        10.188.473.55    361.15 
N.  J...         1        39.573        15.623.812.32     394.80 
N.Dak        4        11.405          3,017.223.24    264.55 
Oresron       2           1.141              403.218.19    353.39 
Wyo...        2           1.853              912.358.78    492.37 

Twos                                         167466               163.393 

Fives                                   79310710      117,927.615 

Tens                                    79378160      290  87°  810 

Twenties  ..                 ..    58.770.660      248,561.040 

Fifties               11784150         29884400 

One   hundreds  24.103.400        34,217.700 
Five  hundreds  104-.000                88.000 
One  thousands  27.000                 21.000 
Unredeemed  fractions           32.409                56.811 

Total  254  0°6  230      722  078  0°9 

NATIONAL  BANKS   WITH  LARGEST 
CAPITAL. 
The    national    banks    having-    $5,000,000    or 
more   capital   in  1918  were. 
Bank  of  Commerce,   New  York.   $25.000.000. 
National  City,   New  York,   N.   Y..   $25.000.000. 
Continental  and  Comm'l.  Chicago.  S21.500.000. 
Nat'l  Bank  of  Iowa.  Des  Moines,   $12.000.000. 
First  National.  New  York.  N.  Y..  $10  000  000 
First  National.  Chicago.   111.,   $10.000.000. 
National  Bank  of  Com..  St.  Louis.  $10000.000 
Chase,  New  York.  N.  Y.,  SI  0.000.  000. 
Shawmut.  Boston,  Mass.,  $10.000.000. 
Bank  of  California.  Ran  Francisoo    <SS  500  000 
First  National,   Boston,  Mass..  $7,500.000. 
Mechanics  and  Metals.  New  York,  $6  000  000 
Farmers'  Deposit.  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,   $6,000,000. 

Total  1,194  2,368.089  1.049.483,555.47    443.17 
*  Average  to  each  depositor. 
Note—  Returns     from     the     banking-    depart- 
ments  of   several  states  include   stock   saving* 

ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


159 


banks  with  commercial  banks.     It  is  estimated 
that    300    stock    saving's    banks    with    815.000 
depositors    and    $250.000,000    deposits    are   in- 
cluded with  the  figures  furnished  by  the  state 
banking1    departments    for    state    banks.      This 
estimate    includes    the   so-called    stock   saving's 
banks  of  Michigan. 

MUTUAL  SAVINGS  BANKS  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES    (JUNE  29,  1918). 
State.  Banks.Depositors.          Deposits.          Av. 
Cal....        1        86.260      $68.021.042.45  $788.56 
Conn..      81      715.000      363.186.747.45    507.95 
Del...          2        39.598        15.143.944.83    382.44 
Ind....        5        33.942        13.998.213.16    412.40 
Maine.     45     236,820        94.141,542.57    397.52 

Md..6.' 
Mass. 
Minn. 
N.  H.. 
N.  J... 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio- 
Pa.... 
R.I... 
Vt.... 
W.  Va 
Wash. 
Wis... 
Total.. 
*Av 

Banks.De'-'OS'tors.          Denosits           Av. 
19      255.824   $101.660.778.78  $397.39 
196  2,591.162  1,024,903.937.56    395.54 
7      109.856        30.209.571.34    274.99 
45      207.082      104.911,261.60    506.62 
26      323.202      138,111,759.64    427.32 
141  3,446.876  1,991.720.349.72     577.83 
3      110,794        63.658.930.52     574.57 
10      541,016      247.976.374.60    458.35 
15      161.320        94.042.240.55    582.95 
20      117.962       '58.368.453.17    494.81 
1           7,002           1.817.801.53    259.61 
1        17.354          7.486.068.52    426  95 
7        10.214          2.737,375.16    268.00 

625  9.011,464  4.422.096.393.15    490.72 
erag-e  to  each  depositor. 

District. 

1.  Boston    

2.  New  York   .... 

3.  Philadelphia   . 

4.  Cleveland    

5.  Richmond  .... 

6.  Atlanta    

7.  Chicago    

8.  St.    Louis 

9.  Minneapolis'    . . 

10.  Kansas  City  .. 

11.  Dallas    

12.  San  Francisco 


FEDERAL   RESERVE   BANKS. 

CONDITION  JULY  4.  1919. 

Gold  reserve.    Bills  on  hand. 

$105.428.000     $172,407,000 

656,095.000        853,170.000 

127,492.000        189.316.000 

202,564,000       154.302,000 

66.527.000          94,995,000 

75,690,000          88.948.000 

421.900,000       284.413,000 

92,970,000          62,298.000 

82,822,000          61.217.000 

81,460.000          84,832.000 

32,334,000          55,050.000 

183,664.000        124,759,000 


Resources.     Note  circulation. 

$373,711,000  $182.631,000 

1,818,155.000  762,915,000 

413,537,000  203.310,000 

440,767,000  217,567,000 

231,199.000  109.640.000 

211.656.000  117,320.000 

825.849.000  429,248,000 

233.036.000  104.350.000 

163,774.000  82.203.000 

240.912.000  94,044,000 

123.706.000  47,908,000 

346,806.000  201.212.000 


FEDERAL  LAND  BANKS. 
On  Oct.  31.  1918,  the  twelve  federal  land 
banks  had  assets  amounting-  to  $160,688,- 
797.42.  Their  mortgrag-e  loans  amounted  to 
$140.883.000  and  United  States  and  farm  loan 
bonds  to  $830.000.  The  total  paid  in  capital 
was  $15.975.220,  of  which  $8.892.130  was 
owned  by  the  government.  $6.963.140  by 
national  farm  loan  associations.  $104.805  by 
individual  subscribers  and  $15,145  by  bor- 
rowers through  ag-ents.  The  expenses  and 
interest  charges  exceeded  the  earning-s  of  the 
banks  by  $211.609.09.  There  were  3.301 
farm  loan  associations  on  the  date  named. 
The  number  and  amount  of  loans  approved  in 
each  federal  land  bank  district  were: 
District.  Number.  .A  nnrovd . 

1.  Spring-field,    Mass 2.733       $7.111.195 

2.  Baltimore.    Md 3.333 

3.  Columbia,     S.    C 6.218 

4.  Louisville.     Ky 6.609 

5.  New    Orleans,    La 12.423 

6.  St.    Louis,    Mo 6.208 

7.  St.   Paul.   Minn 12.142 

8.  Omaha,     Neb 5.035 

9.  Wichita.   Kns.... 7.294 


10.  Houston,     Tex 

11.  Berkeley,     Cal 


.12.364 
,.    3.499 


7,591.865 
11.553.654 
13.962.100 
14.312.925 
12.947.840 
22.950.350 
20.767.740 
17.349.500 
26.366.135 
10.558,000 


12.   Spokane,    Wash 12,615      20.225,120 


Total    90.478    194,696,424 

TOTAL  RESOURCES  AND  LIABILITIES,  ALL 

BANKS,   JUNE  29,   1918. 

Resources. 

Loans   and   discounts $22,514,602,064.81 

Overdrafts     60.334.533.39 

Investments     9,741.653.241.78 

Furniture  ami   fixtures 737.147.869.04 

Other  real  estate  owned.   ..         172.035,226.4? 

Due  from  banks 5.136.603.795.91 

Checks   and  other  cash 323.244.504.95 

Ex<?h.    for    clearing-    house..         359.833,619.62 

Cash   on  hand 896.570.423.03 

Other   resources 784.413.235.56 

Total   resources 40^726,438,51.4^47 

Liabilities. 

Capital    stock    paid 2.351.587,559.45 

Surplus    2,034.764.173.59 

Undivided    profits 684,259,780.74 


National  bank  circulation.. 

Due   to  banks 

Dividends   unpaid 

Deposits    

U.    S.    deposits 

Postal   saving-s   deposits 

Notes  and   bills  discounted. 

Bills    payable 

Other    liabilities. . . 


$681.631,000.00 

3,595.062,376.24 

33,012,997.79 

27,808,472,756  43 

1,037.787,000.00 

114,892.459.19 

680.876.642.24 

707,978,049.85 

996.113,718.95 


Total    liabilities 40.726,438,514.47 

Note— By  including-  the  reports  of  the  twelve 
federal  reserve  banks  with  those  of  the  other 
banks  it  is  found  that  the  combined  resources 
of  all  the  reporting-  banks  in  the  United  States 
agrgreg-ate  $44,598,571,514. 

SAVINGS-BANK   STATISTICS   OF  UNITED 
STATES  FROM   1820. 

Av.  to  each 
Deposits.  Depositor. 
»,iiot>  $1.138.576  $131.86 

38.085  6.973,304     183.09 

78.701  14.051.520     178.54 

251.354  43.431.130     17278 

i  i§g-||§    m 

2.335.582 
4.258.893 
6.107.083 
9.142.908 
9.794,647 


Yr.     Banks.  Depositors. 


1820. 
1830. 
1840. 
1850. 
1860. 
1870. 
1880. 
1890. 


10 
36 
61 
108 
278 
517 
629 
921 

1900.1.002 
1910.1,759 
1911.1.884 

1912.1.922  10.010304 
1913.1.978  10.766.936 
1914.2.110  11,109.499 
1915.2.159  11.285.755 
1916.1.864  11  148  392 
!  1917. 1,807  il,367!oi3 
1918.1,819  11,379.553 


6.973,304 
14.051.520 
43.431.130 
149.277  504 
549.874.358 
819.106.973 
1.524.844.506 
2.449.547.885 
4.070.486.246 
4.212.583.598 
4.451.818.522 
4.727.403.951 
4.936.591.849 
4.997.706  013 
5  038  587  294 
5.418.022'.275 
5.471,589,948 


215. 

337.17 

350.71 

358.03 

401.10 

445.20 

430.09 

444.72 

439.07 

444.03 

442.83 

446.58 

452.15 

466.94 


INDIVIDUAL  F>ET>0?TTS  IN  ALL  BANKS. 

JUNE   29.   1918. 

Banks.  Saving-s.  Total 

State    ....  $1.071.636.806.01  $6,114.198.976  67 
:  Stock    sav.   1.001.573  414.15     1,049,483,555  47 
i  Mutual  sav.  4,343,687,558.83    4,422,096,393.15 
Lo?n   and 

trust    ...    1,286.650.369.13    5.970.906.454.04 
|  Private     ..          23,459,823.09        193.419.377.10 

National 10.058.368.000.00 

1      Total     ..    7.727,007,971.212778087472,756743 


160 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


UNITED   STATES  POSTAL  SAVINGS 
Fiscal  Year  Ending-  June  30,    1918. 


«sa:v.v.:::: 

Colorado     

Connecticut     


584,488.62 

209,294.19 

4.176,019.16 


Georgia 
Hawaii 
Idaho  . 


395.857 

139,775 

290,213 

6,760,148 


608,171.47 
743,095.72 


Maine 


304,867 

458,033 

4,986,567 

5,291.505 


428.596.01 
371,225.72 
15.26 


New    Jersey:...:::      5,033,534 

New     Mexico 172,452 

New    York 

North    Carolina.. 
North     Dakota... 

Ohio     

Oklahoma    

Oregon     

Pennsylvania     . . . 

Porto    Rico 

Rhode     Island 

South    Carolina.. 


Texas    

Utah     

saw.  =  tatas 


37.993.857 
68,051 
33,063 
7,655,200 
286,198 
1.905,184 
13.533,279 
212,201 
993,110 
46.628 
32,075 
229,841 
846,481 
581,106 
65,147 


489,913.22 

598.966.84 

5,925,932.16 

140,271.02 

44,007,728.58 

68,185.13 

40.992.86 

9,542,355.77 

320,744.95 

2,226,401.72 

17.037,595.39 

9.435.52 

1.244.279.52 

43  313.82 

56,115.11 

250,766.69 

865.261.79 

626,051.51 

105,546.95 

900.068.90 

4,570,448.36 


^uuuu.      _l3d_7:s_44_       '330:417:63 

T0tal  116,954.696     140.658.608.42 

•During  fiscal  year.  fTo  credit  of  depositors 
June  30.  1918. 

BANKING    POWER    OF    THE    UNITED 

STATES. 

The  banking  power  of  the  United  States  in 
June,  1918,  as  represented  by  capital,  sur- 
plus and  other  profits,  circulatipn  and  deposits 
of  national  and  other  reporting  banks,  to- 


gether with  the  estimated  amount  of  funds  of 
this  character  in  nonreporting  banks,  as  well 
as  the  paid-in  capital,  government  and  re- 
serve deposits,  and  federal  reserve  notes  in 
circulation  as  shown  by  the  statement  of  the 
federal  reserve  banks  as  of  June  28,  1918. 
was  $39.082.800,000. 

The  banking  power  of  the  United  States  alone 
to-day  is  nearly  two  ^nd  a  half  times  as 
great  as  the  banking  power  of  the  world  as 
it  stood  in  1890  when  Mulhall's  estimate 
placed  the  world's  banking  power  at  $15.985.- 
000.000,  and  the  banking  power  of  the  United 
States  is  now  more  than  seven  times  greater 
than  Mulhall's  estimate  of  our  banking  powor 
in  1890,  which  was  given  by  him  at  $5,150,- 
000  000. 

•Total     (1918). 

National    banks $14.209.400.000 

State     (etc.)     banks 20,536,900.000 

Nonreporting    banks    477.100.000 

Federal  reserve  banks 3.859.400.000 

39,082.800,000 

•Capital  paid  in.  surplus  and  profits,  de- 
posits and  federal  notes  in  circulation. 

BUILDING    AND    LOAN    ASSOCIATIONS. 


Jan. 

State.  No. 

Pennsylvania    ..2.089 

Ohio     678 

New     Jersey....     793 
Massachusetts..     184 

Illinois     662 

New    York 253 

Indiana     351 

Nebraska     73 

California     91 

Michigan     72 

Kentucky     125 

Missouri    155 

Kansas    72 

Louisiana     67 

District   of   Col.       19 

Wisconsin     78 

North    Carolina.     140 


Washington 

Arkansas     

Iowa     

Minnesota     

West    Virginia.. 

Colorado    

Maine    

Oklahoma     

Rhode  Island... 
Connecticut  . . . 
South  Dakota. 
New  Hampshire 

Tennessee     

North    Dakota.. 

Texas    

Montana    

New     Mexico... 

Vermont     

Other     States... 


34 

8 

OO 

14 

22 

13 

10 

28 

16 

13 

6 

856 


Total     .......  7.269 


1,    1918. 

Members. 

677,911 

767.100 

329.063 

247,725 

246.800 

199,571 

202,409 

101.929 

42,227 

69,041 

62.846 

56,116 

66.442 

47.793 

37,075 

50,612 

37.400 

46,318 

21.053 

33.035 

22,020 

21.500 

10.200 

14,959 

18,142 

11,499 

14,900 

5,857 

8.554 

5,160 

6,785 

7.156 

4,239 

3,5-15 

749 

341.875 
3,838,612 


Assets. 

$324.265.393 

321,741.529 

168,215,913 

126,695.037 

113.528,525 

86,072.829 

78,112,917 

54,545,630 

35,928,447 

35,659,360 

27,085.282 

26.770.144 

26,000,167 

25,911,928 

22,399,995 

19,887,368 

17.608.000 

14.444,177 

10,583,447 

9.638,852 

8.979,642 

8,119,131 

6.688,983 

6,671,239 

6,554,175 

5,938,436 

4.869.748 

3,603.836 

3,336.072 

3,207,754 

2,837.115 

2,314,927 

1,849.935 

1.469,276 

287,791 

_157J319.173 

1.769,142.175 


MINERAL  MONOPOLIES  OF  THE  AMERICAS. 

[From  Bulletin  of  Pan-American  Union.] 


Mineral  products  of  the  American  continents 
in  which  practical  mon9polies  or  market  con- 
trol exist  and  the  countries  which  possess  them : 
Metallic— Vanadium Peru 

Nickel Canada 

Nonmetallio— Nitrates Chile 

§Ss : .'.'.'. : :  SSS.  pem.  u.  s., 

Argentina,  Bolivia 

Black  diamonds Brazil 

Mon-1  zite Brazil 

Zirconium  minerals Brazil 


Products  possessed  by  the  American  coun- 
tries in  quantities  sufficient  to  dominate  and 
control  the  world's  markets: 

Metallic-rRadium  ores United  States 

Copper Q.  S..  Chile,  Peru 

Bismuth Peru,  Bolivia 

Nonmetallic— Sulphur (T.  s..  Chile 

Petroleum Q.  S..  Mexico 

Gems — Emerald Colombia 

Topaz Brazil 

Amethyst Brazil 

Graphite  for  pencils Mexico 


LARGEST    DRY    DOCK    IN   THE    UNITED      STATES. 

The  largest  dry  dock  in  the  United  States  is  I  S4. 000  000  and  wHh  a  lenglh  of  1.022  feet 
it  tho  navy  yard  at  Portsmouth,  Va.  It  was  and  a  depth  of  43  feet  it  will  accommodate 
sompleted  and  opened  Feb.  1,  1919.  It  cost  I  the  largest  vessel  afloat. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


161 


SAVINGS   BANKS   IN   FOREIGN   COUNTRIES. 

[From  statistical  abstract  of  the  United 

States.] 

Country.                     Date. 

Form  of  bank. 

Depositors. 

Deposits. 

Aver     P 

er  cap 

Argentina    .Oct.  18.1917. 

Postal    

212,881 

$4,187,298 

$19  67 

$0  49 

Austria  Dec.  31.1913. 

Communal  &  private 

4,385,064 

1.291,041,227 

294.42 

44.89 

Austria  Dec.  31.1917. 

Postal.'  savings  dept. 

2.495,584 

57,235,850 

22.93 

1.99 

Austria  Dec.  31.1917. 

Postal,  check  dept.. 

150,240 

418,823,510 

2.787.70 

14.56 

Belgium    Dec.  31,  1912. 

Government   

3,013.296 

204.147.391 

67.75 

26.96 

Belgium    Dec.  31.1912. 

Communal  &  private 

49.794 

11,854.503 

238.07 

1.57 

Bulgaria  Dec.  31,1911. 
Chile  Dec.  31,1915. 

Postal  
Public  

312,462 
631,483 

8.797.965 
22,673,604 

28.16 
35.91 

2.03 
5.98 

Denmark  Mar.  31.  1916. 

Communal  and  corp. 

1,274,365 

223.523.385 

175.40 

76.52 

Egypt  .Dec.  31.1917. 

Postal  

198.220 

2,774,802 

14.00 

.22 

France  Dec.  31,1914. 

Private  

8,659,551 

774,204,976 

89.40 

19.55 

France  Dec.  31.1915. 

Postal  

6,601,382 

319,634,510 

48.42 

8.07 

Algeria  Dec.  31.1909. 

19,427 

1,309,769 

67.42 

.24 

Tunis    Dec.  31,  1916. 

Postal  

1,369 

1,157.638 

845.61 

.59 

Germany   Dec.  31,  1915. 

Public  &  corporate. 

23,871,657 

4,685.982,000 

196.30 

70.24 

Hungary  Dec.  31,1913. 

Communal  &  private 

1,149,251 

428,023.064 

372.44 

19.99 

Hungary  Dec.  31,1917. 

Postal,  savings  dept. 

1.069,878 

58.261,000 

54.46 

2.72 

Hungary  Dec.  31.1913. 

I  ostal.  check  dept.. 

25.630 

23,286.942 

908.58 

1.09 

Italy  Dec.  31.1914. 

Communal  &  corp.  . 

2,473,216 

491,464,209 

198.71 

13.45 

Italy  Apr.  30.  1917  . 

Postal  

6,472,442 

431.922.457 

66.73 

11.82 

Japan  Dec.  31.1914. 

Private  

9,688.958 

82,489,620 

8.51 

1.50 

Japan  Mar.  31.  1916. 

Postal  

12.700.105 

113,040,989 

8.90 

2.05 

Formosa  Mar.  31,  1916. 

Postal  

272,913 

1,582,323 

5.80 

.43 

Chosen   Mar.  31,  1917. 

Postal  

1.069,312 

5.073.831 

4.74 

.30 

Luxemburg  Mar.  31,  1914. 

State    

76,808 

12,597,471 

164.01 

47.01 

Netherlands    .  .  .Dec.  31.  1915. 

Private  

512,060 

48,650.442 

95.01 

7.39 

Netherlands    .  .  .  June  30,  1917  . 

Postal  

1.744,804 

84.538,307 

48.41 

12.84 

Dutch  E.Indies.Dec.  31.  1914. 

Private  

5,740 

889,304 

154.93 

.02 

Dutch  E.Indies.Dec.  31.  1915. 

Postal  

130,909 

4.306.061 

32,89 

.09 

Dutch   Guiana.  Dec.  31,  1915  . 

Postal  

10.750 

332.579 

30.94 

3.74 

D'tch  W.Indies.Dec.  31,  1916  . 

Postal  

4.580 

97,253 

21.23 

1.71 

Norway  Dec.  31,1916. 

Communal  and  priv. 

1,334,485 

255,228,079 

191.26 

101.40 

Roumania  July     1,1910. 

Government   

218,690 

11,616.820 

53.12 

1.69 

Russia  Mar.    1,  1917  . 

State,  incl.  postal... 

12,488,000 

2.133.233,000 

170.82 

11.92 

Finland    Dec.  31.  1914. 

Private  

361,662 

60,844.408 

168.24 

18.61 

Finland  Dec.  31,1915. 

Postal  

73,237 

1,843,339 

25.17 

.56 

Spain    Dec.  31.  1916. 

Private  

755,657 

83.094.011 

109.96 

4.05 

Spain                  ...Dec.  31,  1917. 

Postal  

228,444 

7,182,571 

31.44 

.35 

Sweden  Dec.  31,1916. 

Communal  &  trustee 

1,803,901 

323,544,968 

176.84 

56.20 

Sweden  Dec.  31,1916. 

Postal  

590,294 

14,482,742 

24.29 

2.52 

Switzerland    Dec.  31,  1908. 

Communal  and  priv. 

1,963.417 

307,386.431 

156.56 

86.47 

United  kingdom.Nov.  20.  1916. 

2.015.894 

261,739,826 

129.80 

5.99 

United  kingdom.Dec.  31,  1916  . 

Postal  

14,746.821 

957,022,331 

64.90 

21.92 

British  India..  Mar.  31,  1916. 

Postal  

1,660,424 

49.707.248 

29.94 

.20 

Australia.Com.Mar.  31,  1918. 

Government   

2,720,007 

548,285,108 

201.57 

111.10 

New  Zealand  .  .Dec.  31,  1917  . 

Postal  

566,341 

142,084,232 

250.88 

129.40 

New  Zealand..  Mar.  31,  1918, 

Private  

85.191 

13,240,330 

155.42 

12.06 

Canada    Mar.  31.  1916. 

Postal  

134.345 

40,008,418 

297.80 

4.96 

Canada    Mar.  31.  1916. 

30.618 

13,520,009 

441.57 

1  67 

Brit.  S.  Africa.           1914-15. 

Government   

260,164 

28,823,428 

110.79 

3.92 

Brit.  W.  Indies.           1914-15  . 

97.465 

6,438.165 

66.06 

3.61 

Brit.  col.,  n.e.s.           1914-15  . 

269,486 

14,480,853 

53.74 

.56 

Total,   foreign  

..131,784,674  15,087,710,636 

114.49 

16.23 

United  States..  .June  30,  1918.  Postal  

612,188 

148,471,499 

242.53 

1.41 

United  States.  .  .June  30,  1918  . 

Mutual  and  stock.  . 

11.379,553 

5,471,579,949 

480.83 

52.05 

Philippines   .  ..June  30,  1918  . 

Postal  

73,600 

2,234,010 

30.35 

.26 

Grand  total 143,850,015  20,709,996,094      143.97     19.84 


MONEY   IN   CIRCULATION   IN   THE    UNITED    STATES   JULY    1.    1918. 


CLASSIFICATION. 

General  stock 
of  money 
in  the  U.S. 
July  1.1919. 

Held  in 
treasury  as 
assets  of  the 
government 
July  1,  1919. 

Held  by  fed- 
eral reserve 
banks 
July  1,  1919. 

MONEY  IN  CIRCULATION. 

July  1,1919. 

Julyl,  1918. 

Jan.1,1879 

Gold  coin  (inc.  bullion  intreas.) 
•Gold  certificates 

$3.095,077,467 

$360.604,070 

$813.882.860 
205,417,280 

BU72.9534S9 

542,219.728 
81,576,350 
169,939,003 
232.147,836 
1.745,230 
332.938.544 
2.493,992.4(52 
163,682,696 
649,831,150 

11,107,531.343 
828,231,744 
77,341.545 
381.806,776 
217.206,560 
1.851,130 
339.936,233 
1,711.411,695 
15,343.975 
704.137,008 

$96.262,850 

5,790!721 
413,360 
67,982.601 

310,288,5*11 

Standard  silver  dollars  

308,978,930 

55,718,347 

Silver  certificates  

Subsidiary  silver  

243,235,661 

11.087,825 

Treasury  notes  of  1890  

United  States  notes  

346.681.016 

2,687.556.985 
187,666,980 
719.276,732 

13.742.472 
44.2ti5.463 

23.984,284 
69.445.582 

""149,299.060' 

Federal  reserve  notes  
Federal  reserve  bank  notes  — 
National  bank  notes  

314,339,398 

Total  

7,588,473,771 

578,848.043 

1,168,599,200 

5,841,026,528 

5,384.797,909 

816.266,721 

Population  of  continental  United  States  July  1, 1919,  estimated  at  107,600,000;  circulation  per  capita,  $54.28. 


162 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


COINS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES    (1793-1918). 


Gold    Coins. 

Fifty  Dollar  Piece,  Panama-Pacific  Interna- 
tional Exposition — Authorized  Jan.  16,  1915; 
weight.  1,290  grains;  fineness,  .900;  total 
amount  coined  to  June  30,  1918.  $150.950. 

Double  Eagles — Authorized  to  be  coined,  act 
of  March  3,  1849;  weight,  516  grains;  fine- 
ness, .900.  Total  amount  coined  to  June  30, 
1918,  32.436.142.120.  Full  legal  tender. 

Eagles — Authorized  to  be  coined,  act  of 
April  2,  1792;  weight,  270  grains;  fineness, 
.916%;  weight  changed,  act  of  June  28,  1834, 
to  258  grains;  fineness  changed,  act  of  June 
28,  1834,  to  .899225;  fineness  changed,  act  of 
June  18,  1837,  to  .900.  Total  amount  coined 


to   June   30,    1918,    $516,714,850. 
tender. 


Full  legal 


Half-Eagles — Authorized  to  be  coined,  act  of 
April  2,  1792;  weight,  135  grains;  fineness, 
.916%;  weight  changed,  act  of  June  28,  1834, 
to  129  grains;  fineness  changed,  act  of  June 
28.  1834,  to  .899225;  fineness  changed,  act  of 
Jan.  18,  1837,  to  .900.  Total  amount  coined 


to   June  30,    1918,    $391,249,345. 
tender. 


Full   legal 


Quarter-E 


uthorized  to  be  coined,  act 


of  April  2,  1792;  weight.  67.5  grains;  fineness, 
.916%;  weight  changed,  act  of  June  28,  1834, 
to  64.5  grains;  fineness  changed,  act  of  June 
28,  1834,  to  .899225;  fineness  changed,  act  of 
June  18,  1837,  to  .900.  Total  amount  coined 
to  June  30,  1918,  $44,641,475.  Full  legal 
tender. 

Quarter-Eagle,    Panr.ma-Pacific    International 
Exposition — Authorized  Jan.  16,  1915;  weight. 


64.5    grains;      fineness, 
coined,  $25.000. 


.900 ;    total    amount 


Three-Dollar  Piece — Authorized  to  be  coined, 
act  of  Feb.  21,  1853;  weight,  77.4  grains; 
fineness,  .900;  coinage  discontinued,  act  of 
Sept.  26,  1890.  Total  amount  coined,  $1,619,- 
376.  Full  legal  tender. 

One  Dollar — Authorized  to  be  coined,  r.ct  of 
March  3,  1849;   weight,  25.8  grains;  fineness, 
.900; 
18 


o'inage    discontinued,    act    of  'Sept.    26! 


Total  amount  coined,  $19,499,337.  Full 

legal  tender. 

One  Dollar,  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition — 
Authorized  June  28,  1902;  weight,  25. 8  grains; 
fineness,  .900.  Total  amount  coined,  $250,000. 

One  Dollar,  Lewis  and  Clark  Exposition — 
Authorized  April  13,  1904;  weight,  25.8 


grains;   fineness,   .900. 
$60.000. 


Total   amount  coined, 


One  Dollar,  Panama-Pacific  International  Ex- 
position— Authorized    Jan.    16,    1915:    weight, 
25.8     grains;     fineness,     .900; 
coined,   $25,034. 


total     amount 


One  Dollar,  McKinley  Memorial — Authorized 
Feb.  23,  1916;  weight,  25.8;  fineness  .900; 
total  coined,  $30.040. 

Silver  Coins. 

Dollar — Authorized  to  be  coined,  act  of  April 
2,  1792;  weight,  416  grains;  fineness,  .8924; 
weight  changed,  act  of  Jan.  18,  1837,  to  412% 
grains;  fineness  changed,  act  of  Jan.  18,  1837, 
to  .900;  coinage  discontinued  act  of  Feb.  12, 
1873.  Total  amount  coined  to  Feb.  12,  1873, 
$8.031,238.  Coinage  reauthorized,  act  of 
Feb.  28,  1878;  coinage  discontinued  after 
July  1,  1891,  except  for  certain  purposes,  act 
of  July  14,  1890.  Amount  coined  to  June 
30.  1918,  $578.303,848.  Full  legal  tender  ex- 
cept when  otherwise  provided  in  the  con- 


tract. 
Trade  Dolla 


•Authorized  to  be  coined,  act  of 


Feb.  12.  1873;  weight,  420  grains;  fineness, 
.900;  legal  tender  limited  to  $5,  act  of  June 
82,  1874  (rev.  stat.)  ;  coinage- limited  to  ex- 
port demand  and  legal  tender  quality  repealed, 
joint  resolution,  July  22,  1876;  coinage  dis- 
continued, act  of  Feb.  19,  1887.  Total 
amount  coined,  $35.965.924. 

Lafayette  Souvenir  Dollar — Authorized  by 
act  of  March  3,  1899;  weight,  412%  grains; 
fineness  .900.  Total  amount  coined  $50,000. 


Half-Dollar—  Authorized  to  be  coined,  act  of 
April  2,  1792;  weight,  208  grains;  fineness, 
.8924;  weight  changed,  act  of  Jan.  18,  1837, 
to  206%  grains;  fineness  changed,  act  of  Jan. 
18,  1837,  to  .900:  weight  changed,  act  of  Feb. 
21,  1853.  to  192  grains:  weight  changed,  act 
of  Feb.  12.  1873.  to  12%  grams,  or  192.9 
grains  Total  amount  coined  to  June  30,  1918. 
$207,535,856.  Legal  tender.  $10. 

Columbian  Half-Dollar  —  Authorized  to  be 
coined,  act  of  Aug:  5,  1892;  weight,  192.9 
grains;  fineness,  .900.  Total  amount  coined, 
$2,500,000.  Legal  tender,  $10. 

Half-Dollar,  Panama-Pacific  International 
Exposition  —  Authorized  Jan.  16,  1915;  weight, 
192.9;  fineness,  .900;  total  amount  coined, 
$30,000. 

Quarter-Dollar  —  Authorized  to  be  coined,  act 
of  April  2,  1792;  weight,  104  grains;  fineness, 
.8924;  weight  changed,  act  of  Jan.  18,  1837, 
to  103%  grains:  fineness  changed,  act  of  Jan. 
18,  1837,  to  .900;  weight  changed,  act  of  Feb. 
21,  1853,  to  96  grains;  weight  changed,  act 
of  Feb.  12,  1873,  to  6%  grams,  or  96.45 
grains.  Total  amount  coined  to  June  30, 
1918.  $120.720.789.50.  Legal  tender.  $10. 

Columbian  Quarter-Dollar  —  Authorized  to  be 
coined,  act  of  March  3,  1893;  weight,  96.45 
grains:  fineness,  .900.  Total  amount  coined, 
$10,000.  Legal  tender,  $10. 

Twenty-Cent  Piece  —  Authorized  to  be  coined, 
act  of  March  3,  1875;  weight,  5  grams,  or 
77.16  grains;  fineness,  .900;  coinage  pro- 
hibited, act  of  May  2,  1878.  Total  amount 
coined,  $271,000. 

Dime  —  Authorized  to  be  coined,  act  of  April 
2.  1792:  weight,  41.6  grains:  fineness,  .8924: 
weight  changed,  act  of  Jan.  18,  1837.  to  41'" 


grains;  fineness  changed,  act  o 


8,  183 
f  Jan. 


18,  183^ 


. 

to  .900;  weight  changed,  act  of  Feb.  21,  1853. 
to  38.4  grains;  weight  changed,  act  of  Feb.  12. 
1873,  to  2%  grams,  or  38.58  grains.  Total 
amount  coined  to  June  30.  1918.  $94.345.- 
879.70.  Legal  tender.  $10. 

Half-Dime  —  Authorized  to  be  coined,  act  of 
April  2,  1792;  weight,  20.8  grains;  fineness. 
.8924;  weight  changed,  act  of  Jan.  18,  1837, 
to  20%  grains;  fineness  changed,  act  of  Jan. 
18,  1837,  to  .900;  weight  changed,  act  of  Feb. 
21,  1853,  to  19.2  grains;  coinage  discontinued, 
act  of  Feb.  12,  1873.  Total  amount  coined. 
r  4.880,219.40. 

Three-Cent  Piece  —  Authorized  to  be  coined, 
act  of  March  3,  1851;  weight,  12%  grains; 
fineness,  .750;  weight  changed,  act  of  March 
3,  1853,  to  11.52  grains;  fineness  changed,  act 
of  March  3,  1853,  to  .900;  coinage  discon- 
tinued, act  of  Feb.  12,  1873.  Total  amount 
coined,  $1,282,087.20. 

Minor  Coins. 
Five-Cent  (nickel)  —  Authorized  to  be  coined, 


1918,  $52.493,558.10.  Legal  tender  for  $1, 
but  reduced  to  25  cents  by  act  of  Feb.  12. 
1873. 

Three-Cent  (nickel) — Authorized  to  be 
coined,  act  of  March  3,  1865;  weight,  30 
grains;  composed  of  75  per  cent  copper  and 
25  per  cent  nickel.  Total  amount  coined, 
$941,349.48.  Legal  tender  for  60  cents,  but 
reduced  to  25  cents  by  act  of  Feb.  12,  1873. 
Coinage  discontinued,  act  of  Sept.  26,  1890. 

Two-Cent  (bronze) — Authorized  to  be  coined, 
act  of  April  22,  1864;  weight,  96  grains;  com- 
posed of  9">  per  cent  copper  and  5  per  cent  tin 


and   zinc. 
12.  1873. 


Coinage   discontinued,    act    of   Feb. 
Total  amount  coined,  $912,020. 


Cent  (copper)  —  Authorized  to  be  coined,  act 
of  April  2,  1792;  weight,  264  grains;  weight 
changed,  act  of  Jan.  14,  1793,  to  208  grains: 
weight  changed,  by  proclamation  of  the  presi 


dent,  Jan.  26,  179 


y  pr 
6,  in 


conformity  with  act  of 


,          .        ,  , 

March  3,  1795,  to  168  grains;  coinage  discon- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


163 


tinued,  act  of  Feb.  21,  1857.  Total  amount 
coined,  $1,562,887.44. 

Cent  (nickel) — Authorized  to  be  coined,  act 
of  Feb.  21,  1857;  weight,  72  grains;  composed 
of  88  per  cent  copper  and  12  per  cent  nickel. 
Coinage  discontinued,  act  of  April  22,  1864. 
Total  amount  coined,  $2,007.720. 

Cent  (bronze) — Authorized,  act  of  April  22, 
1864;  weight,  48  grains;  composed  of  95  per 
cent  copper  and  5  per  cent  tin  and  zinc.  Total 
amount  coined  to  June  30.  1918,  $31,058.- 
413.83.  Legal  tender.  25  cents. 

Half -Cent  (copper) — Authorized  to  be  coined, 
act  of  April  2,  1792;  weight,  132  grains; 
weight  changed,  act  of  Jan.  14,  1793.  to  104 
grains;  weight  changed  by  proclamation  of 
the  president,  Jan.  26,  1796,  in  conformity 


with  act  of  March  3,  1795,  to  84  grains;  coin- 
age discontinued,  act  of  Feb.  21,  1857.     Total 
amount  coined,  $39,926.11. 

*  Total  Coinage. 

Gold   .,  ...$3,410.407,527.00 

Silver   ......................   1,045.895.603.80 

Minor  ....................  89.015.874.96 


Total  ....................  ..   4.545,319,005.76 

^Coinage,    1911. 
Gold  ............................       $10,014.00 

Silver   ...........................  29,412.300.00 

Minor  ..........................   6.118.089.30 


Total    35.540.403.30 

*To  end  of  fiscal  year  June  30,  1918.    tCal- 
endar  year. 


PROGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED    STATES    SINCE    1800. 

[From  reports  of  the  bureau  of  statistics,  department  of  commerce  and  other  sources.] 


1800. 

1850. 

1860. 

1870. 

1880. 

1900. 

1918. 

Area  (Cont'l  U.S.)  sq.m. 
Population 

843,255 
5  308  483 

2.995,536 
23  191  876 

3.026,789 
31  44S  3°1 

3,026,789 
38  558  371 

3.026,789 
50  155,783 

3.026,789 
75  994  575 

3,026,789- 
*105  118  467 

Wealth  dols. 
Debt  dols. 
Money  in  circul'n.dols. 
Deposits,  b'k.n't'l  dols. 

82,976.294 
2(5,500,000 

7,135.780.000 
63.452.774 
278,761,982 

16,159,616.000 
59.964,402 
435,407,252 

30,068,^8.000 
2.331.169.956 
675.212.794 
542  261  563 

42.642,000,000 

1.919\326.748 
973,382,228 
833,701,034 

88,517,306,775 
1,107,711.258 
2.055.150.998 
2  458  092  758 

tl87.739,000.000 
{10,924,281.355- 
5,379,427,424 
10  181  739  000 

Deposits,  savings.  dols. 

43  431  130 

149  277  504 

549  874  358 

819,106,973 

2,389,719,954 

5  471  579  949 

Dep'sits,  uost'lsav.dols. 

148  471  599 

Farms,  value  dols. 
Manuf  act'res.  val  .  dols. 

3,967.343,58q 
1  019  106  616 

7,980.493,060 
1  885  861  676 

8,944.857,749 
4,232.325  442 

12,180,501,538 
5,369,579,191 

20,514.001.838 
13,004,400.143 

§40,991.449,096 
§20  672  051  870 

Receipts-Net  ord.dols. 
Customs  dols. 
Internal  reven    dols 

10,848.749 
9.080.933 
80°  397 

43.592,889 
39,668,686 

56,054,600 
53,187,512 

395.959,834 
194.538.374 
184899756 

333.526.501 
186.522.065 
124  009  374 

567.240,852 
233,164.871 
295  327  927 

4,I74,010;58ft 

182,758,989 
3  696  043  485 

Expend.—  Net  ord.dols. 
War  dols. 

10.813.971 
2  5(50  879 

40.948.383 
9687025 

63,130.598 
16  472  203 

293.657.U05 
57  655  675 

264.847.637 
38.116.916 

487.713,792 
134  774.768 

8,966!632',266 
§5  684  348  624 

Navy  dols. 

3  448  716 

7  C04  725 

11  514  650 

21  780  230 

13.536.985 

55,953.078 

1  368  642"!  94 

Pensions  dols. 

64  131 

1  866886 

1  100802 

28,340  202 

56,777,174 

140.877.31b 

181  137754 

Imports,  mdse  dols. 
Exports,  mdse  dols. 
Product'n  of  gold.  dols. 
Silver  dols. 
Coal  tons 

91,252,768 
70,971,780 

173.509,526 
144,375.72fa 
50,000.000 
50.900 
6266233 

353,616,119 
333,576.057 
46,000.000 
156,800 
13044  680 

435.958.408 
392,771,768 
50,000,000 
16.434,000 
29496054 

667.954.746 
835,638,658 
36,000.000 
34.717.000 
63.822  830 

849.941.184 
1,394.483,082 
79,171.006 
35.741.100 
240  789  310 

2.945.655.403 
5,919,711,371 
68,493.500 
67.879,206 
11581  609  26S 

Petroleum  ..  .  gallons 

21  000000 

220951  290 

1,104.017,166 

2,672  062  218 

1114  083  255  ^42 

Pig  iron  tons 
Steel  tons 

563,755 

821,223 

1,665,179 
68  750 

3.835,191 
1,247.335 

13.789.242 
10  188,329 

39.051.991 
145060607" 

Copper  tons 
Wool  ....Ibs. 
Wheat    .        bushels 

650 
52.516,959 
100  485  944 

7.200 
60,264.913 
173  104  924 

12.600 
162,000.000 
235  884  7(X 

27,000 

232,500.(XX 
498  549868 

270.588 
288.636,621 
522229505 

1842.018 
299,921,000 
917  100  000 

Corn  bushels 
Cotton  bales 

153  509 

592,071.104 
2  454  442 

838,792.740 
3  849  469 

1,094.255.000 
4  352  317 

1,717.434.543 
6,605,750 

2,105,102.516 
10,245.602 

2,582.814.000 
11  700  000 

Railroads.  .  .  v  miles 
Postofflces  No. 
P.  O.  receipts  dols. 
Patents  issued  No. 
Immigrants  .No. 

""903 
280,804 

9,021 
18.417 
5,499,984 
993 
369.980 

30,626 

28,498 
8,518,067 
4.778 
150.237 

52,922 
28.492 
19.772.221 
13,333 
387.203 

93.267 
42.989 
33,315.479 
13.947 
457.257 

198,964 
76,688 
102,354,579 
26.499 
448,572 

**266,031 
54,345 
344,475.962 
39.941 
HO.tilS- 

*Estimated  June  1.     fin  1912.     JNet  debt,  June   30.    1918.      §Census    of    1910.      Bin   1917. 
**In  1916.  - 

LARGEST    LAKES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

[From  U.   S.   geological  survey  report.] 
Following  is    a   list   of    lakes   in    the   United  I     Lake. 


States  each  of  which  is  more  than  100  square 


miles  in  area  at  high  water: 
Lake. 


'Sa.  miles. 


Lake  Superior.  Wis.,  Minn,  and  Canada.  31,  200 
Lake  'Huron,  Mich,  and  Canada  ..........  23,800 

Lake  Michigan,  111..  Wis.,  Mich.,  Ind.  and 
Ohio    ..................................  22,450 

Lake  Erie.   O.,  Pa..  N.  Y.  and  Canada..   9.960 
Lake  Ontario.  N.  Y.  and  Canada  .........    7,240 

Great  Salt  lake.  Utah    (in  1912)  ........   1.800 

Lake  of  the  Woods,  Minn,  and  Canada..   1.500 
Tulare  lake.  Cal  ................  Nothing:  to  800 

Lake    Okechobee.    Fla  ..................       730 

Lake   Pontchartrain.    La  .................       626 

Salton  sea.  Cal.   (Jan.  1.  1909),  shrinking      443 
Red  lake.   Minn,    (both  lakes)  ...........       441 

Lake  Champlain.  N.  Y.  and  Vt  ..........       436 


Lake   St.  Clair,    Mich,    and   Canada  ...... 

Rainy   lake,   Minn,    and  Canada 


410 

310 


, 
Leech  lake.    Minn,    (high   water)  ........       234 


Leech  lake.  Minn,    (low  water) 
Mille  Lacs.   Minn. 


173 
207 


SQ.  miles  - 

Lake    Winnebago,    Wis 215 

Lake   Tahoe,    Cal 

Flathead    lake,    Mont 

Upper    Klamath    lake.     Ore.     (including 

swamp )     

Upper    Klamath    lake.     Ore. 

swamp)     

Utah  lake,   Utah 

Tule  lake.   Cal 

Lake  Pen  d'Oreille.  Idaho... 
Lake  Winnibigosliish,  Minn.. 
Moosehead  lake,  Maine 


(excluding 


193 

188- 

156 

87 
145 
144 
124 
117 
115 


BRITISH  FOREIGN  TRADE  BY  YEARS. 

[From  consular  reports.] 


Year. 


Imports. 


1913  ...........  $3,741.047.608 

1914  ...........     3,390,174.777 

1915  ...........     4.145,738.988 

1916  ...........     4,615,906,844 

1917  ...........     5.178.757.405 

1918...  .     6.420,561.252 


Exports 
$3,089,353,116 
2.560,730.513 
2.355,048,406. 
2.938.615,999 
2,904,118,947 
2,576,466,686. 


164 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


NATIONAL   DEBTS.   REVENUES   AND    EXPENDITURES. 

[From  report  of  bureau  of  statistics,  Washington.  D.  C.] 
Total  debt         Bates  of 

in  United  State 

s    interes 

t. 

Country. 
Argentina  

Year. 
1917 

currency. 
$804,598.000 

Perct 
4    -o 

Bevenue. 
$159,044.000 

•3SS5&'.ffib 

Australasia  —  Common- 

wealth   of   Australi 

i  1916-17 

975,738,000 

3%-5& 

135.274.000 

393.755,000 

Australia,     states.. 

1916-17 

1,741,301,000 

3    -5 

246,532,000 

254,306,000 

New    Zealand    

1917-18 

631,847,000 

3    -4 

98,334,000 

73,583,000 

Austria-Hungary    

1914-15 

1,040,338,000 

3    -5 

160,487,000 

160,487,000 

1917-18 

15,807,071.000 

3    -5% 

986,735.000 

4.838,058,000 

Hungary    

1917-18 

8,138.848,000 

3    -6 

704,187,000 

698.864,000 

1914 

825,518.000 

2%-3 

155,812,000 

155,704.000 

1918 

54,741,000 

3    -4 

11,182,000 

12,543.000 

1916 

20,716,000 

3    -8 

5,674,000 

8,788,000 

Brazil     

1918 

1,145,380.000 

4    -6 

171.030,000 

194,301,000 

1918 

327.667,000 

4%-6 

92,852,000 

92,527,000 

Canada    

1917-18 

1,330,229,000 

2%-5% 

252,373,000 

469,666.000 

Central  America: 

1918 

20,254,000 

4    -5 

4.265,000 

4.250,000 

Guatemala  .'.. 

1916 

16,230,000 

4    -8 

3,332,000 

2,273,000 

1917-18 

130,758,000 

5    -10 

4.102,000 

4,102,000 

Nicaragua    

1916-17 

18,596,000 

5    -6 

2,302,000 

1.981.000 

1918 

7,172,000 

3,594,000 

3,594,000 

Salvador     

1917 

10,882,000 

2    -6 

4,861,000 

4,934,000 

Chile    
China    

1916 
1916-17 
1918-19 

-225,664.000 
^066,649,000 
22,316,000 

4%-5 

M 

66,964,000 
283,628,000 
17,179,000 

59,090,000 
310,182,000 
16,649,000 

Cuba  

1918-19 

65,923,000 

4%-5 

62,760,000 

70,951,000 

Denmark    

1918-19 

157,875,000 

3    -5 

51.635,000 

34,844,000 

Dominican  Bepublic  

1918 

13.686,000 

5 

3.163,000 

2,953,000 

1918 

24,952,000 

4    -10 

7,846  000 

7  846  000 

Finland     

1917-18 
1915 

456,190,000 
34.618.000 

3    -4 

3    -4% 

96,512,000 
37,891,000 

96,512iOOO 
38,387,000 

France     
Algeria   

1918 
1917 

28,642,177.000 
34,787,000 

2%-5 
3% 

1.280,100,000 
25,494,000 

10,196,784,000 
25,492,000 

Tunis  
French    Indo-China. 

1916 
1917 

68,936,000 
47,461,000 

3    -3% 

2%-3fc 

12,394,000 
44,189,000 

11.854,000 
44,189,000 

Fr.  colonies,  n.e.s... 

1917 

59,533,000 

3    -4 

34,089,000 

34,089,000 

Germany    

1917-18 

34,807,337.000 

3    -5 

1.196,618,000 

8,338,349,000 

German    states  

1913-14 

3,854,795,000 

3    -4 

1  555  493  000 

1  532  714  000 

German   colonies  .... 

1913-14 

32,410,000 

14,297,000 

35,375  000 

Greece    

1918 

259,725,000 

S%-5 

57,900,000 

175,630,000 

Haiti     

1914-15 

30,373,000 

2%-5 

5,724,000 

6  164  000 

India,    British  

1917-18 

1,554,388,000 

3    -3% 

481,155,000 

480,496,000 

Italy    

1916-17 

9,270,986,000 

3    -6 

1,031,585,000 

3,395  835  000 

Japan   

1918-19 

1,244,375,000 

4    -5 

410,006,000 

1918-19 

27,520,000 

27  520  000 

Chosen    

1918-19 

46,652,000 

5    -6% 

32,122,000 

32,122,000 

Liberia    

1915-16 

1,658,000 

5 

295,000 

282  000 

Luxemburg-    
Miontenegro    

1917-18 
1914-15 
1914 

8,831,000 
377,333.000 
1,218,000 

3% 
2    -5 
5 

3,606,000 
72,687,000 
1,900,000 

6,971,000 
75,798,000 
•       2,455,000 

Dutch  East  Indies.  . 
Dutch   West   Indies. 

1918 
1918 
1918 

91.'871,'000 

3    -5 

114,842,000 
155,200,000 

134,490,000 
175,901,000 

1917-18 

122  075  000 

3    -6 

oVfi'so'ooo 

1  1  s'^^fi'onn 

Peru    

1918 
1918 

12,045,000 

3    -7 

2,505,000 

2,764,000 

1917-18 

1  059*588  000 

3    -5 

7^  841  1   Oftft 

"7^'!i<in'nnn 

Colonies    

1917-18 

so'fiO"'ooo 

^<*'si  noon 

1916-17 

355,194,000 

4    -5 

lt?4<6°4'oOO 

1  24fi'>4'oon 

Bussia     
Serbia    
Siam  
Spain    
Sweden     
Switzerland    
Turkey    
Union  of   South  Africa 
United   kingdom    
Br.    colonies,    n.e.s.. 
United  States  
Philippine    islands.. 
Uruguay     

1915 
1914 
1917-18 
1917 
1918 
1918 
1916-17 
1917-18 
1918 
1916-17 
1917-18 
1916 
1917-18 
1917-18 

22,774.330,000 
126,232,000 
32,935,000 
1.964,206,000 
249,298,000 
205,439,000 
1,459,286,000 
756,444,000 
36,391,132.000 
237.227,000 
17,005,431.000 
20,301,000 
155.655.000 
29,824,000 

3    -6 
2    -5 
4% 
4    -5 
3    -5 
3%-5 
3%-5 
3    -5 
2%-6 
3    -4 
2    .4% 

|»4) 

L482'3761000 

41.364,000 
27,004,000 
304,020,000 
180,901,000 
37,345.000 
97,663,000 
88,668,000 
3,969.847,000 
164.561,000 
4,174,011,000 
14.811,000 
30.453,000 
8,515,000 

41.*364!oOO 

27,004,000 
38.923,000 
180,901,000 
48,799,000 
272,973,000 
90,075,000 
13,221,210,000 
140,029,000 
8,966,532,000 
12,492.000 
30,525,000 
8,515,000 

Total    „  



199,123,787.000 

.....j 

21,366,499,000 

63.137,919,000 

PEB   CAPITA. 

Expend!- 

In-     . 

Argentina 

$43  60          $63  ( 

)9        $19 

Debt.          terest. 

Commonwealth  of  Australia... 
!New    Zealand.  „  

..      73.36            8l'l 
..   104.89          134.] 

§7!2H           79^29        ] 
4.62           63.32 

96.29         14.'01 
53.22         18.56 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


165- 


Expendi- 

In- 

Country. 

Imports.     Exports.     Reven 

ue.      ture.            Debt. 

terest. 

Austria    Hungary    

$17.06           $5.87          $3.( 

6          $3.06        $19.87 

$0.92 

Austria    

31.* 

7        156.28        510.60 

20.ia 

Hungary     

32.* 

9           32.64        380.14 

16.23 

Belgium    

127.26            93.65           20.C 

5           20.33        107.80 

5.48 

Kongo,     Belgian  

1.43                 .77 

'5               .84             3.65 

.18 

Bolivia     

3.04            12.83             l.£ 

6             3.04             7.17 

.67 

Brazil    

8.16            10.98             6.4 

4             7.32          43.15 

1.51 

Bulgaria     

6.97              6.28           16.8 

3           16.77          59.38 

4.48 

Canada     
Central  American  states:  Costa 

116.30         184.07          30.18           56.17        159.10 
Rica      14.98            23.23             9.67             9.64          45.93 

m 

Guatemala     

4.03              5.01             1.5 

7             1.07             7.66 

Honduras    

10.45              5.59 

0             7.30        232.67 

.13 

Nicaragua    

9.08              8.49             3.2 

7          28.14          20.41 

.96 

Panama     

20.44            12.68             7.J 

9             7.99          15.94 

Salvador     

4.46              7.84             4.3 

4             4.31,             8.56 

.47 

Chile     

31.95            66.30           17.J 

0           15.30          58.31 

4.04 

China    

1.72              1.45                .8 

7               .95             3.28 

.29 

Colombia    

5.27              5.63             3J 

4             3.04             4.08 

.69 

Cuba    

97.44         135.40          23.8 

8           27.00          25.08 

2.30- 

Denmark    

72.97            71.59           17.6 

8           11.93           54.05 

2  20 

Dominican  Republic  

24.00            30.96             4.£ 

6             4.07           18.88 

2.115 

Ecuador     

3.50              6.46             3.( 

2             3.92           12.48 

.78 

Egypt     —  

11.93            14.73             7.6 

8             7.68          36.29 

r.si 

Sudan 

3  87              3  33 

France     

133.95            29.23          32.24        256.85        716.93 

28.89- 

Algeria     

12.94            16.40             4.5 

4.58             6.25 

.73 

Tunis     

14.04            12.42             6.£ 

5             6.07          35.30 

'1.47 

French    Indo-China  

2.67              3.24             2.6 

0             2.60             2.79 

.13 

French  colonies    (n.e.s.)  

2.87              2.53             l.£ 

5             1.35             2.36 

.09 

German    empire  

...                17.7 

0        123.33        514.81 

20.80 

German    customs    union  

37.66            31.31           22.8 

0          22.52           56.64 

2.50 

German     States  

22.8 

8           22.60          56.85 

2.50 

German     colonies  

2.60              2.20             1.0 

9             2.70             2.48 

.19 

Greece     

6.91              4.76           11.7 

0          35.48          52.47 

2.48 

Haiti     

4.37              6.91             2.2 

§2.47          12.15 

1.61 

India,    British  

1.54              2.40             1.5 

1.52             4.93 

.16 

Italy    

40.65            11.87           28.1 

0          92.49        252.50 

11.07 

Eritrea 

10  13              6  00          .... 

Libia 

5  11                  69 

Japan    (including  Pescadores).. 

8.84            13.60            7.07            7.07          2T746 

1.20 

Formosa     

14.47              8.53             7.4 

7.42          

Chosen     

2.19              1.67             1.8 

0             1.90             2.76 

.23 

Liberia     

94                 .74                .2 

0                .19             1.11 

.55 

Mexico     

6.00              8.38             4.6 

1             4.89           24.34 

1.00 

Montenegro     

3.79               1.11             4.3 

5             5.62             2.79 

.14 

7  44              1  22 

Netherlands     

.   128.90          106.82           17.45           20.43        115.83 

2.81 

Dutch    East    Indies  

3.12              6.36             3.2 

4             3.67             1.92 

.06- 

Dutch  possessions  in  America 

i  28.80            28.44             9.7 

7           15.14          

Norway     

.....   144.59          104.20          41.3 

1           47.13          48.65 

2.50 

Paraguay     

4.49              4.69             2.5 

1             2.76           12.05 

.77 

Persia                                               * 

4  34              3  52 

Peru     

11.33            15.64             3.34             3.34             5.86               .09 

Portugal    (inc.   Madeira   and  Az 

ores)      12.57             4.00          12.7 

3           12.66        177.84 

5.03 

Portuguese     colonies  

2.80              2.57             3.3 

0             3.65          

Roumania     

15.17            17.24           16.6 

0          16.60          47.31 

2.34 

Russia     

3.22              1.13             8.1 

4          33.12        125.01 

2.04 

Finland    

34.07            15.07           11.5 

6          11.71           10.56 

.47 

Serbia     

4.43              3.52             8.£ 

5             8.60           27.31 

1.92 

Siam     

4.07              5.10             3.C 

6             3.06             3.73 

.16 

Spain    

10.02            14.94           14.C 

7          17.80           94.75 

4.28 

Sweden    

5299            72.44          31.4 

1           31.42          43.30 

2.91 

Switzerland      

118.30          121.75             9.6 

2           12.58           52.95 

2.59 

Turkey     

9  07              4.98             4.5 

9           12.83           68.59 

4.34 

Union  of   South  Africa  

25.59            18.99           13.4 

2           13.63        114.46 

4.77 

United    Kingdom  

105.00            55.65           86.1 

3        286.86        789.58 

33.26 

British   colonies    (n.e.s.)  .' 

12.09            12.51             3.5 

4             3.01             5.10 

.25 

United    States  

27.62            54.75           39.1 

3           84.07        159.45 

6.14 

Philippine     Islands  

9.30            12.94             1.6 

4             1.39             2.25 

.09 

50  87            59  63 

Uruguay    

26.30            54.97           22.08           22.14        112.88 

9.28 

Venezuela     

785              8.19             3.01             3.01           10.55 

.60 

FAMOUS    WATERFALLS    OF    THE    WORLD. 

Height 

Height 

Height 

Name  and  location.        in  fci.t. 

Name  and  location.        in  f  et. 

Name  and  location. 

in  feet. 

Gavarnie,    France  1,385 

Sohauffhausen.   Switzerl'd    100 

Yellowstone  (lower)  ,Moi 

it.    310 

Grand.  Labrador  2,000 

Skjaeggedalsfos,    Norway    530 

Ygnassu,    Brazil  

..     210 

Minnehaha,    Minnesota...       50 

Shoshone,   Idaho  210 

Yosemite    (upper).  Cali 

!.  1,436 

Missouri,    Montana  90 

Staubbach,    Switzerland.  .1,000 

Yosemite    (middle),  Cali 

f.     626 

Montmorenci,   Quebec  265 

Stirling,    New    Zealand...     500 

Yosemite  (lower),  Calil 

..     400 

Multnomah,     Oregon  850 

Sutherland,  New  Zealand  1,904 

Vettis.   Norway  

Murchison.   Africa  120 

Takkakaw,    British   Col.  .1,200 

Victoria,   Africa  

.     400 

Niagara.  New  York-Ont..     164 

Twin.    Idaho  180 

Voringf  os,    Norway  

..     600 

Rjukan.  (Norway  780 

Yellowstone  (upper)  .Mont.   110 

166 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


NATIONAL  POSTAL  STATISTICS. 

[From  report  compiled  by  bureau  of  statistics,  Washington,  D.  C.] 


Country. 

Year. 
...1918 

Post- 
offices. 
No. 
3,431 
8,565 
2,379 
10,826 
6.610 
1,708 
51 
413 
3,636 
504 
13,057 
208 
382 

Postal 
routes. 
Miles. 
51,284 
147,427 

Service 
performed. 
Miles. 
26,649,956 
42,885,944 

Value   money 
,  orders 
Domestic. 
$24.  865,  659 
71,365,427 
13.723,251 
362,425,277 
263,780,905 
98,924.457 
1,269.627 
602,914 
13,043,364 
7.700,072 
88,548,533 
188,397 

and  postal 
sent  v 
Foreign. 
5243,282 
4,312,989 
2.607,624 
73,068,222 
57.834,624 
12.333.540 
50.675 

1917 

...1918 
...1914 
1914 

111.221 
50,921 

5,828 
28.405 
13,867 

§8:88 

33,363 

63,005,378 
57,768,029 
74,307,186 
1,663,486 
619,314 

...1914 

...1916 

Bolivia 

..1917 
1917 

1,193,782 
2,342,889 
18,688,289 
3,722 

...1916 

7,904.909 
61,818,400 

..  1916 

1915 

.     19(17 

280 
135 
96 
117 
927 
12,508 
843 
658 
1,734 
92 
194 
2,120 
2,445 
15.769 
688 
476 
339 
576 
51,573 
220 
1,342 
88 
20.030 
6,387 
8,302 
159 
526 
139 
2,90.1 
56 
1,607 
496 
17 
3.758 
385 
205 
684 
6.155 
439 
3,107 
19.104 
1,556 
285 
6,952 
4,300 
4,375 
1,358 
2,522 
24,509 
2,761 
55,330 
589 
88 
995 
296 

590 

68,566 

1,085 

1913 

1916 

1915 

1,848 
32,712 
153,037 

36.601 
8,861,979 
79,398.571 

143'.806 

Chile      

...1916 

4,253,405 
6,538,971 
578,838 

..1916 
.     1915 

1916 

5,324 
7,125 

i-JiSiSii 

...1917 
1916 

100,917,316 

2,439,026 

1917 

Egypt                   

...1916 

7,297 

6,455,581 

26,173.567 
20,363,655 
753,037,672 
104.136,982 
6,712,873 
9,766,266 
10,520.762 
2,044,009,394 
26,299,086 
3,236,816 

1,829,330 
4,286,393 
20,645.171 
628,610 
5,756,432 
684,774 
2.979,146 
57,694,974 

453,198 

Finland 

1916 

...1914 

81,792 
9,083 
5.743 
21.197 
43.611 
91,276 

166,598,520 
7,844,623 
3,265,685 
7,927,906 
5,003,148 

...1914 

...1918 

1918 

Colonies        

...1914 

...1914 

1914 



1913 

Haiti                                .... 

..  1915 

107,079 
434,023.374 
88,804,631 

India    British 

1917 

157,657 
50,649 

174,940,133 
1,238,683,414 
154,688.697 
7.695,092 
28,170,790 
5,249.237 
24,218,667 

3,714,375 
1,156,919 
24,155,178 
3,082 
45,023 
6,908,457 
4,558,442 

Italy' 

...1917 

1917 

1917 

8,668 
18.102 
662 
51.679 

.1918 

8,800.289 
62)1,717 
23,121,371 

1914 

Mexico   

...1914 

..  1914 

1917 

9,992 
67,320 

12,993,791 
10,252.403 

56.021,426 
16,686.618 
170,190 
35,666,318 

2,761,241 
1,596,342 
387,806 
2,726.351 

...1917 

1915 

1916 

52,136 

17,001.683 

Paraguay    

...1915 

Persia      

.  .  1913 

10,634 
17,984 
24,539 
61,933 
68,093 
229,378 
2,121 
4,954 
59.179 
73,502 
8,603 
24,145 
8,621 

3,390,285 
2,045,692 
15,394.571 
3,197.169 
21,067.139 
101.805,947 
869.707 
474,088 

3i.302.665 
19,072,794 
7.236.293 
13,734,812 

1.270 
5.318 
62il,064 
756,843 
3,532,869 
7,417,091 
647,989 
49,299 

'2.962.446 
12,400,852 
211,243 
2,467,997 
14,548,655 

Peru 

1916 

181,338 
14,651,201 
928,925 
15,661,803 
1,  615,  664,  531 
7,080,257 
531,817 
26,632,347 
148,339.897 
270,145.240 
34.144,740 
19,661,935 
421,553,365 

Portugal    

...1913 

Colonies  

...1913 

1914 

Russia    

...1916 

Serbia   

...1934 

Siarn    .     . 

1916 

1917 

Sweden    

.  1917 

Switzerland 

1917 

Turkey    

...1916 

Union  of   South  Africa.. 

...1918 
1916 

1911 

United  States   

..  1916 

444,279 

616,460,122 

822,679.623 

32,284,183 

1916 

Porto  Rico 

1916 

Uruguay     

...1915 

24.448 

3.056,360 

6,935.871 

241,306 

Venezuela  

...1917 

Total    324,869  2,513,997    2,061,384.862  9,342,384,506  398.748,033 


NATIONAL     RAILWAY     AND     TELEGRAPH     STATISTICS. 

[From  report  compiled  by  bureau  of  statistics,   Washington,  D.  C.] 


Country. 


Year. 


Argentina     1918 

Australia    1917 

New    Zealand 1918 

Austria    1914 

Hungary     1914 


Rail- 
ways. 
Miles.* 
21,880 
24.769 
2.983 
15,739 
13.589 


Tele- 
graphs. 
Miles. t 
164,461 
133,491 
50,322 
168,059 
99,862 


Country.  Year. 

Belgium  1914 

Kongo  11916 

Bolivia  1917 

Brazil  1917 

Bulgaria  1916 


Rail- 
ways. 
Miles.* 
5,451 
1.020 
1,354 
17,477 
1,824 


Tele- 
graphs. 
Miles. t 
28.014 
1.782 
5.562 
73.124 
11.653 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


167 


Rail-           Tele- 
ways,         graphs. 
Country.                         Year.     Miles*         Miles.f 
Canada                                1916      37  434       206  575 

Rail-          Tele- 
ways,         graphs. 
Country.                         Year.     Miles*         Miles.f 
Mexico                               1914     15  840         68,727 

Costa    Rica                   ..1915           438           1.521 

Montenegro     ..:  1914              11               528 

Guatemala                        1915           613           4  045 

Netherlands                       1917        2  113         26  668 

Honduras       1917            360           4.281 

East     Indies  1917        1,730         21,503 

Nicaragua                     ..  1913            200            3  637 

Poss    in  America.  ..1915           117           

Panama                             1916           301           3,618 

Norway                             1916        1929         15151 

Salvador     .                  ...1915           267           2,412 

Paraguay     .                ...1915           255           2,485 

Chile                              ...1916        5105         32942 

Persia     1913              34         10754 

Colombia                           1915           708         11  72-1 

Peru                                     1916        1  724         78  510 

China     .                         ...1916        6467         56280 

Portugal  1913        1,854         13415 

€uba                                .  1916        2  359           6  184 

Colonies      1913        1  069         11  941 

Denmark                        .  1917        2  556           8  442 

Roumania                         1914        2  382         16  039 

Dominican    Rep  1916           408           1071 

.Russia                 1916     48955      537208 

Ecuador                             1917           365           4  370 

Serbia                                1914           977           6  421 

Egypt     1916        4,416         25766 

Siam    1916        1.210           6,204 

Finland          1916        2  527           

Spain                     ..     .      1917        9354         65441 

France                      .  .      1914     31  958       152,192 

Sweden                              1917        9303         40,912 

Algeria     1914        2793         25243 

Switzerland  1917        3660         23108 

Tunis                              1918        1  232            5  596 

Turkey                              1916        3  842         44  206 

Indo-China     1918        1282         19746 

Union  of  So.  Africa...  191  8      10,021         54,031 
United     Kingdom  1916     23,709      264,480 
Colonies                        1914        8  128         45  952 

Colonies        ...           1914        1  948         25  622 

German     Empire            1914     39  600      475  551 

Colonies               ..        1914        2866           8719 

United    States  1916  266031   1,627342 

Greece                               1913        1  396         10,253 

Philippines    1916            757            6218 

Haiti     ...1915           140               124 

Porto   Rico   1916           340           1.545 

India    British                   1917     36286       337720 

Uruguay    .                  ...1915       11601           6344 

Italy                            .      1917     11  891       218,521 

Venezuela    1917           633           5.443 

Japan                                 1917        7  690       116  339 

Formosa                    .  1917           319           2  760 

Total     729845  5816219 

Chosen                           19U8        1  092         14  822 

•Miles  of  line.      fMiles   of  wire. 

Luxemburg1      1914          *326           1514 

TELEGRAPH  STATISTICS 

[From  reports  of  fe< 
The  figures   are  for  the  year  ending   Dec.   31, 
1912,   and  cover  commercial  operating  companies 
only. 
LAND   TELEGRAPH   SYSTEMS. 

OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 

leral  census  bureau.] 
Net  income  $4738 

Expenses,    total  $664420 

General  operations  and  maintenance..      $588,712 
Interest   and   taxes                                              $7  826 

All   other  expenses                                            $67  882 

Miles  of  pole  line  ."         .        .           *247  528 

Assets,    total  $10  377*197 

Miles  of  single  wire  owned  and  leased    tl,814,196 
Number  of  messages  .   .  .                            J103  536  418 

Construction    and    equipment  $1  205770 

Cash  and  current  assets  $9171427 

Liabilities,     total  $10  377  197 

Income     total        .                                           $56  293  469 

Capital    stock  $9  602  570 

Telegraph  traffic  $52337211 

Floating  debt   and   mortgages  $18,483 

All  other  sources  $3956258 

Accounts   payable  $583,160 

Net  income  for  the  year      .        .              §$3  431  044 

Profit   and   loss   surplus  $172.984 

Expenses    total                                                $52  862  425 

Capitalization  —  Stock     outstanding,     par  $9,602,570 
Average  number  employes  958 

General  operation  and  maintenance..  $39,067,011 

Salaries  and  wages  $393606 

All  other  expenses.                                     $11  054  587 

•Includes  5,013  land  messages  sent  over  a  leased 
land    wire    bv    a    wireless    company    doing    land 
telegraph   business   also. 
OCEAN    CABLE    SYSTEMS    (U.    S.). 
Number  of  companies  or   systems*  7 
Nautical  miles  of  ocean  cable*  67676 
Number  of  messages*  f5  841  280 
Income,    total  $8469374 
Telegraph   traffic  $8.065,798 
All  other  sources  $403576 

Assets     total  $191516700 

Construction    and   equipment                  $143  910  631 

Stocks  and  bonds  $17122.592 

Cash  and  current  assets  $29672528 

Profit   and   loss  deficit  $810.949 
Liabilities,     total  $191,516.700 
Capital    stock  $104.274,435 
Funded    debt  :  $34.741.000 
Reserves    $5,254.329 

Dividends,    taxes  and   interest  $1,460.733 
Sundries   $23.447.146 
Profit  and   loss   surplus  $10.163.619 
Net    surplus  $9.352.670 
Capitalization—  Stock    outstanding,    par  104,274.435 
Dividends  on  stock  $3,139.861 

Net  income  $2.952.847 

Interest   and   taxes  $1.214554 
All   other  expenses  $293755 
Assets,    total  $107,583,155 

Funded    debt  $34,741,000 
Average  number  employes  35,639 

Stocks  and  bonds,  treasury  stock,  etc.  $16,811,087 
Cash  and  current  assets  $12.635.953 

•Exclusive   of   pole   line   wholly  used    by   rail- 
roads.   tDoes  not  include  22.816  nautical  miles  of 
ocean  cable  operated  by  one  land  telegraph  com- 
pany.     Exclusive    also   of    314,329    miles    of   wire 
wholly    owned    and    operated    by    railway    com- 
panies for  their  own  business.     {Does  not  include 
land   messages  sent  over  its  207   miles  of  leased 
land  wire  by  a  wireless  company,  nor  ocean  cable 
messages.      §Exclusive    of   ocean   cable    messages. 
WIRELESS   TELEGRAPH   SYSTEMS. 

Liabilities,     total  $107  583  155 
Capital    stock  $55489400 

Funded  debt  and  reserves                       $43  549*451 

Accounts  parable..   ..            ..                      $1459797 

Dividends    due   and    sundries  $587,229 
Profit  and  loss  surplus  $6497278 

Capitalization—  Stock    outstanding,    par  $55.4S9.400 
Dividends  on  stock  $3040200 

Average    number    employes  1  656 

Salaries  and  wages        .          .                        $1  167  014 

*Includes  returns  for  Western  Union  Telegraph 
company,    but   no   segregation   could   be   made   of 
financial    statistics    or    employes    for    the    cable 
business  of  this  company.     tNumber  for  one  com- 
pany estimated  by  company  reoortir*:. 

Number  of  messages.        ..                  .            *285  091 

Number  of  tower  stations  .            °74 

168 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


WESTERN    UNION    STATISTICS. 
Miles  of  wires.     Offices.             Receipts. 

Expenses.                  Profits. 
$18  593  206            $6  165  364 

1910  1429049           24  8°5              33889202 

26  614  302              7  274  900 

1917  .  .1.626,963          25.466             78,480.223 

62.783.006            15.697.217 

UNITED    STATES    TELEPHONE    STATISTICS. 

BELL   TELEPHONE   SYSTEM    STATISTICS. 
[From  annual  report  lor  years  ending  Dec.  31,  1917  and  1918.] 


1917. 
351,222 


Total  miles  pole  lines. 
Miles       underground 

conduit    51,208 

Miles       underground 

wire    13,451,121 

Miles       sub  marine 

wire    46,868 

Miles    aerial    wire 9,112.498 

Total   miles   wire 22,610,487 

Comprising-    toll    wire..   3,088,808 
Comprising       exchange 

wire    19,521,679 

Total     22,610,487 

Miles     of     phantom 

circuit     281,016 

Total  exchange  circuits  3,706,682 
Number   central    offices  5,676 

Number      of     Bell 

stations     (owned) 7,031,530 

Number     of     Bell 

connected     stations...   3,444,148 

Total     stations 10,475,678 

Number    of   employes..       192,364 
Number    of    connecting 

lines    31,428 

Exchange     c  o  n  nec- 

tions    daily    30,845,153 

Toll  connections  daily.    1,009.205 

*July  31,  1918. 

Assets—     Balance  Sheet  (1918.) 

Stock  of  associated  companies.  $537,761, 845.61 

Bonds    and     notes    of    associ- 
ated companies   ._104,256,700.00 

Total   .""642,018,545.61 

Telephones    18,988.928.58 

Real  estate   509.267.36 

Office  furniture  and  fixtures...  288.162.33 

Long1  lines   telephone  plant 75.450,890.20 


1918. 
354,936 

62,010 
13,967,496 

53,361 
9,260.293 
23,281,150 
3,333,920 

19,947,230 
23,281,150 

305.400 
3,763.689 

5,742 

7.201,757 

3.790,568 
10,992,325 
*199,914 

35,393 

»31,263,611 
*1,045,903 


Total  95,237.248.53 

Trustees— Employes  stock  pur- 
chase plan   1,226,000.25 

Special    demand    notes ,  21,583.412.10 


Current    accounts   receivable... 

Accounts  receivable  —  in  sus- 
pense   

Deferred  assets*  ._ 

Total  . 


7.469,934.16 

15,300,559.04 
1.002.156.16 

45,356,062.36 
5.642,974.94 


Temporary  cash  investments.. 

Cash  and  deposits 31.675J902.78 

Total   37,318.877.72 

Grand   total   821,156,734.47 

Liabilities— 

Capital   stock    441.947,100.00 

Capital  stock  installments..... 238.00 

Total     441,947,338.00 

Bonds    230.335,024,04 

Notes  payable  to  bankers 4,000,000.00 

Divid'd  payable  Jan.   15,   1919  8,838.942.00 

Interest  and  taxes  accrued 4,775,914.15 

Current   accounts  payable 1,944,742.06 

Total    i T5.559. 598721 

Employes   Benefit    Fund 2,000,000.00 

Reserve    for    depreciation    and 

contingencies   43,900,076.83 

Surplus    (including    capital 

Btock   premiums   and  exclud- 


i  n  g     debt     discount     and 

expense) 83.414.697.43 

Total  $821,156,734.47 

*Cash  turned  over  to  Postmaster  General  as 
working  capital. 

Revenues  and  Expenses. 
For  seven  months  ending  July  31,  1918. 

Exchange  revenues $127,859,363 

Toll  revenues  52,938,341 

Miscellaneous  revenues  2.005,326 

Total  operating  revenues  182,803,030 

Depreciation    27,555,197 

Current  maintenance  26,567,799 

Traffic  expenses  48,140,039 

Commercial   expenses    18,084,041 

General     and     miscellaneous 

expenses    ... 8.899,376 

Total  operating  expenses  129,246,452 

Net  operating  revenues   53,556,578 

Uncollectible    revenues    768.167 

Taxes   13,621,353 

Operating-    income    39,167058 

Net  non-operating  revenues 5,128,757 

Total  gross  income  44,295.815 

Rent  and  miscellaneous  deductions        2,686,813 

Interest  deductions   12.715.194 

Total  deductions  15,402,007 

Balance  net  income 28,893,808 

Deduct   dividends    23,121,447 

Surplus  earnings  5,772,361 

Revenue  (Net)   and  Dividends. 
Year.  Revenue.  Dividends. 

1900 $5.486.058         $4,078,601 

1901 7.398.286  5,050.024 

1902 7.835,272  6,584.404 

1903 10,564.665  8.619,151 

1904 11.275,702  9.799.118 

1905 13.034.038  9.866,355 

1906...  .    12,970.937         10.195.233 

1907 16.269,388         10.943.644 

1908 18.121,707         12,459,156 

1909 23.095.389         17.036.276 

1910 26,855,893        20,776,822 

1911 27.733,265         22.169.450 

1912 32.062.945         26,015.588 

1913 32,920,090        27,454.037 

1914 32.334.814        27.572.675 

1915 34.618.638        29.100.591 

1916 38.013.277        31.122,187 

1917 38.471.106        32.481.614 

1918 43,901.322        35,229.699 

GOVERNMENT   CENSUS    STATISTICS. 

Miles 

Year.    wire. Telephones.  Messages.* 
Bell    system... 1912  15,133,186  5,087,027      9,133.226,836 
1907     8,947,266  3,132,063      6,401.044.799 
1902    3,387.924  1,317,178      3.074.530.060 
Other  systems.1912    5,115,140  3.642.565      4.602.431,409 
1907    4,052,098  2,986.515      3,999.389,159 
1902    1,512,527  1,053.866      1,996.024.493 
U't'd  States. 1912  20.248.326  8,729,592  tl3.735,658.245 
1907  12,999,364  6.118,578  tlO.400,433.958 
1902    4,900,451  2,371.044      5,070.554.553 
*The  number  of  messages  reported  by  the  Bell 
telephone    system    includes    only   completed   calls, 
while    the    figures    for    all    other    companies    may 
include   some  original  calls  not   necessarily   com- 
pleted:   such    as   calls   that    the   operator   reports 
as    "Line    busy"    or    "Does    not    answer."      tEx- 
clusive  of  companies  with   an  annual   income   of 
less   than   $5.000. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


169 


Establishments  ...... 

Salaried   employes... 
Wage   earners*  ...... 


275,793 

964,217 

7,036.337 


268,491 

790,267 

6,615,016 


1880. 
J253.852 


1870. 
$252.148 


MANUFACTURES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

[Bureau   of  census   report,    1917.] 

COMPARATIVE    SUMMARY,   1870-1914. 

1914.  1910.  1900.  1890. 

207,514  J355,415 

364.120  461,009  ............................ 

4,712.763  4,251,613  2,732,595  2,053.996 

Capital  ...............    $22,790,980,000  $18,428,270,000    $8,975,256.000  $6,525,156.486  $2,750,272,606  $2,118,208,769 

Expenses  .............    $19,735,338.000  $18,454,090,000    $9.870.425,000   $8,076,485,640   .........................  .... 

Salaries  ............      $1,287,917.000       $938,575.000       $380,771,000      $391,988.208    ............................ 

Wages  ..............      $4,079,332,000    $3,427,038.000    $2,008.361,000  $1,831,225*.  321      $947,953,795      $775,584,343 

Materials  ...........    $14,368,089,000  $12,142,791.000    $6.575,851,000  $5.162,044,076  $3,396,823,549  $2,448,427,242 

Miscellaneous  .....................    $1.945,686.000       $905,442,000       $631,225.035    ............................ 

Value    of    productst.    $24.246,323.000  $20.672.052.000  $11,406.927.000   $9,372.437.283   $5.369.579.191   $4.232.325,442 
'Average  number.     tGross  value  at  factory.     Included  neighborhood  hand  and  building  trades; 
not  included   in   1900  and  1910.  / 

NOTE—  The  years  are  census  years.    The  statistics  are  for  the  preceding  calendar  year  in  each  case. 


Decade. 

1849-1859. 
1859-1869. 
1869-1879. 


1889-1899.. 
1899-1909.. 
1909-1914*. 


PER  CENT   INCREASE   BY   DECADES. 

Ma-    Products.  Value 

teri.ils.        a.ldel 

85.8  85.0  84.1 

93.0  79.5  63.3 

90.6  74.5  41.4 

52.0  74.5  113.4 

42.3  38.7  34.3 

84.6  81.2  76.6 

18.3  17.3  15.8 


14.1 
79.6 

0.7 
40.0 
44.1 
29.4 

2.7 


89.4  37.0  60.0 

67.8  56.6  63.8 

64.7  33.0  52.8 

133.8  55.6  99.5 

50.4  24.8  22.7 

105.3  40.4  70.6 

23.7  6.4  19.0 


*Five  year  period. 

BANK    OF    LEADING    INDUSTRIES    IN  1914. 
r-Rank  according  to-^ 

Industry.  *Men.tuatcria)8;product 

Slaughtering,  meat  packing 19 

Iron    and    steel 5 

Flour  and   grist  mills 42 

Foundries,    machine    shops 3 

Lumber  and  timber 1  11 

Cotton    goods 2 

Cars   ...  4  17  7 

Automobiles    22  9 

Boots    and    shoes 689 

Newspapers,    periodicals 15 

Bread,   bakery  products 13 

Clothing,     women's 8  15  12 

Clothing,  men's 7  18  13 

Copper,  smelting,  refining 74  5  14 

Liquors,    malt 24  30  15 

Petroleum,     refining 59 

Woolen,    worsted    goods 9  16  17 

Leather    25  10  18 

Electrical    machinery 14  23  19 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 21 

Blast    furnaces 50  13  21 

Tobacco,    cigars   and   cigarettes..  10  29  22 

Planing    mill    products 20  21  23 

Book,    job    printing 16  39  24 

Sugar    refining 101  14  25 

Furniture    12  33  26 

Hosiery,    knit    goods 11  26  27 

Silk    goods 17  27  28 

Butter     87  20  29 

Rubber  goods,  n.   e.  s 31  32  30 

Gas   38  43 

Food  preparations,   n.   e.  s 70  25  32 

Oil,    cotton    seed,    cake 65  22  33 

Liquors,     distilled 155  68  34 

Cars§     27  28  35 

Tobacco,    chewing,    smoking 58  44 

Lead,    smelting,    refining 137  24  37 

Confectionery    28  38  38 

Agricultural    implements 33  45  39 

Brass,    bronze,    copper 41  35  40 

Structural    ironwork 35  42  41 

Chemicals     46  40  42 

Fertilizers    62  36  43 

Coffee,    spice,    roasting 126  34  44 

Canning,     preserving 30  37  45 

Brick,    tile,    terra   cotta 18  65  46 

Automobile    bodies,    parts 34  49  47 

Soap     86  41  48 

Glass    23  63  49 

Millinery,    lace    goods 37  51  50 

*Wage  earners.  tCost  of.  JValue  of.  §Cars 
and  general  shop  construction  by  steam  railroad 
companies. 


INDUSTRIES    BY    GROUPS  (1914). 

Group.                                  Capital.  Product. 

Food     ...$2,174,387,000  $4,816,709,000 

Textiles     2.810,848.000  3,414,615.000 

Iron  and  steel 4,281,998,000  3,223,144,000 

Lumber     1,723,456.000  1,599.710,000 

Leather     .                             .      743,347,000  1,104,595.000 

Paper    and    printing....  1,433,176.000  1,456,046,000 

Liquors,    beverages 1,015,715,000  772,080,000 

Chemicals      3,034,209,000  2,001,634,000 

Stone,    clay,    glass 987,328,000  614,162,000 

Metals     (not    iron    and 

steel)      1,013,632,000  1,417,042,000 

Tobacco     303,840,000  490,165,000 

Vehicles,   land  transport     803,496,000  1,034.497,000 

Railroad    repair   shops..      417,706,000  552,618.000 

Miscellaneous     2,047,842,000  1,74"9,418,000 


All    industries 22,790,980,000    24,246,435,000 

MISCELLANEOUS  INDUSTRIES. 

Industry.  Capital.  Product. 

Aeroplanes    and    parts..  $401,000  $790,000 

Agricultural  implements       338,532,000         164,087,000 

Ammunition 37,454,000 

Artificial    flowers 3,349,000 

Artificial    limbs 1,003,000 

Artists'      materials 2,947,000 

Asbestos     products 3,520,000 

Belting,    hose,    rubber...       22,437,000 
Boots,    shoes,    rubber...       46,051,000 

Brooms   

Brushes      

Buttons 

Combs,    hairpins 

Dairy,    poultry,    apiary 

supplies     21,281,000 

Dental  goods 10,949,000 

Electrical     machinery... 

Enameling     

Engravers'     materials... 
Fancy   articles,    n.    e.    s. 

Feathers,     plumes 

Fire  extinguishers,  chem. 

Fireworks    

Foundry    supplies 

Fuel,    manufactured 

Fur  goods 

Furs,    dressed 

Graphite,    refined 

Hair  work 

Hand  stamps 

Hat,  cap  materials 

Hats,  straw .» 

Housefurnishing   goods. 

Ice,    manufacture 

Instruments,      scientific 

etc 16,742,000 

Ivory,    shell,    bone   work         1,160,000 

Japanning     261,000 

Jewelry,    instrument, 

cases    2,187,000 

Lapidary     work 3,613,000 

Mittrosses,    spring    beds       24,922,000 
Models,     patterns      (not 

paper)      5.534,000 

Mucilage   and    paste 3,550,000 

Musical     instruments....          3,858,000 


14,333,000 

19,075.000 

2,959,000 


355,725,000 

2,128,000 

352,000 

11,879,000 

5,396,000 

675.000 

2,162,000 

2,814,000 

1,771,000 

29,677,000 

2.490,000 

3,059,000 

2,543,000 

2,273,000 

6,417,000 

12,589,000 

19,014,000 

17 


7,614.000 
1,498.000 
3,238,000 
2.814,000 
23,561,000 
53,822,000 
14,085,000 
17,894,000 
20,712.000 
5,478,000 

18.950,000 

16,160,000 

335,170,000 

2,166,000 

768,000 

17,659,000 

11,451,000 

1,298.000 

2,296,000 

2,013,000 

863,000 

43,633.000 

2,875.000 

1,724,000 

3,335,000 

3,383,000 


25,444,000 
26,453,000 
60,386,000 

17,495,000 

1,896,000 

381,000 

3,621,000 
5,360,000 
38,717,000 

8,605.000 
5.695.000 
3.625,000 


170 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Industry. 
Musical   instruments, 

Capital. 
$8,042,000 

101,746,000 
21,201,000 
17,011,000 
57,432,000 
10,670,000 

3,270,000 
33,771,000 
4,397,000 
31,991,000 
3,232,000 
23,645,000 
199,183,000 
5,279,000 
132,712,000 
23,348,000 
21,288,000 
10,419,000 
8,468,000 
18,186,000 
17,708,000 
863,000 
11,883,000 
266,000 
10,484,000 
9,649,000 
7,298,000 
3,050,000 
6,426,000 
11,526,000 
3,481,000 

Product. 

$6,297,000 

62,775,000 
19,876,000 
18,188,000 
35,678,000 
8,328,000 

6,875,000 
27,116,000 
4,273.000 
34,768,000 
4,220,000 
27,978,000 
223,611,000 
4,328,000 
66,217,000 
22,465,000 
24,792,000 
8,781,000 
13,235,000 
21,903,000 
14,213,000 
1,103,000 
14,920,000 
327,000 
13,757,000 
13,813,000 
7,600,000 
3,162,000 
5,497,000 
17,444,000 
1,104,000 

State. 
West    Virginia  

Capital. 

$175  995  000 

Product. 

S193.512.000 
695,172,000 
11,224,000 

Wisconsin    

.      754,287,000 

Musical    instruments, 

Wyoming   
Total,    1914... 

29,270,000 

Piano,    organ    materials 
Optical     goods  

.22,790,980.000 

24,246,435,000 

Total,    1909  :. 
Total,    1904  

.18,428,270,000 
12  675  581  000 

20,672,052,000 
14,793,903,000 

(1914). 
Product. 

$122,292,000 
25,211,000 
41,279,000 
215,172,000 
23,248,000 
98,234,000 
18,360,000 
43,144,000 
284,802,000 
85,126,000 
247,516,000 
71,824,000 
57,484.000 
43,713,000 
34,989,000 
21,021,000 
1,483,498,000 
28,869,000 
210,860,000 
352,418,000 
57,608,000 
31,065,000 
71,071,000 
46,982,000 
400,348,000 
19,729,000 
41,624,000 
26,905,000 
31,228,000 
29,447,000 
31,427,000 
64,663,000 
23,983,000 
53,375,000 
30,205,000 
49,792,000 
20,584,000 
42,831,000 
23,461,000 
44,041,000 
25,868,000 
139,700,000 
164,528,000 
50,974,000 
30,091,000 
20,214,000 
159,700,000 
60,953,000 
28,341,000 
26,984,000 
73,178,000 
29,110,000 
103,458,000 
105,223,000 
56,049,000 
69,783,000 
50,800,000 
33,743,000 
39,133,000 
16,746,000 
223,555,000 
187,854,000 
19,125.000 
33,276,000 
210,601,000 
65,575,000 
38.385,000 
57,752,000 
60,814,000 
2,292,832,000 
44,817,000 
66,438,000 
28,522,000 
53,268.000 
78.439.000 

Paving  materials  

MANUFACTURES 

City. 

IN    CITIES 
Capital. 

Pens,    'fountain,     stylo- 

Phonographs     

Photographic    apparatus 
Materials     

Albany,    N.    Y  

26,560,000 

Pipes,    tobacco  
Roofing    materials  
Rubber   goods,    n.   e.    s. 
Sand  and   emery  paper. 
Shipbuilding,   iron,   steel 
Shipbuilding,     wood  
Signs,     adv.     novelties.. 
Soda    water  apparatus.. 
Sporting    goods  
Stationery  goods,  n.  e.  s. 

Baltimore,     Md  

177  301  000 

Battle   Creek,    Mich... 
Bayonne,    N.    J  

19,893,000 
92  752  000 

Binghamton,    N.    Y  
Birmingham,     Ala  
Boston,    Mass  
Bridgeport     Conn. 

18,237,000 
55,844,000 
215,177,000 
81  483  000 

Buffalo,    N.    Y  

243  290  000 

Camden,    N.    J  . 

101  461  000 

Cambridge,    Mass..  

48,999,000 

Canton,     O  

37,986,000 

Surgical    appliances  
Theatrical    scenery  

Cedar   Rapids,    Iowa... 
Chester,     Pa  

20,322,000 
25,148,000 

Toys   and  games  
Umbrellas    and    canes... 
Washing   machines,    etc. 
Whips    

Chicopee,    Mass  
Cincinnati      O. 

23,501,000 
157  468  000 

Cleveland,   O  

.      312,909,000 

Windmills     
Window     shades  
All   other  

Dallas,     Tex  
Dayton,    O  

23,489,000 
71,541,000 

Total     

MANUFACTURES 
State. 

2,047,842,000 

BY   STATES 
Capital. 

$227,505,000 
40,300,000 
77,162,000 
736,106,000 

1,749,418.000 

(1914). 
Product. 

$178,798,000 
64,090,000 
83,940,000 
712,801,000 
136,839,000 
545,472,000 
56,035,000 
28,978,000 
81,112,000 
253,271,000 
28,454,000 
2,247,323,000 
730,795,000 
310,750,000 
323,234,000 
230,249,000 
255,313,000 
'   200,450,000 
377,749,000 
1,641,373,000 
1,086,163,000 
493,354,000 
79,550,000 
637,952,000 
84,446,000 
221,616,000 
16,083,000 
182,844.000 
1,406,633,000 
9,320,000 
3,814,661,000 
289,412,000 
21,147,000 
1,782,808,000 
102,006,000 
109,762,000 
2,832,350,000 
279,546,000 
138,891,000 
24,139,000 
212,071,000 
361,279,000 
87,112,000 
76,991,000 
264,039,000 
245,326,000 

Detroit,     Mich... 
Duluth,     Minn  
East   Chicago,    Ind  
East    St.    Louis,    111.... 
Elizabeth,     N.    J. 

.      293,493,000 
19,617,000 
38,706,000 
28,322,000 
32  244  000 

Erie     Pa 

38  530  000 

Evansville,     Ind  

24  666  000 

Fall    River     Mass 

89  290  000 

California               

Fitchburg,     Mass  

24  881  000 

181,776,000 
620,194,000 
69,394,000 
40,810,000 
88,319,000 
258,326,000 
44,961,000 
1,943,836,000 
668,863,000 
233,128,000 
163,790,000 
193,423,000 
261,635,000 
233,844,000 
293,211,000 

Flint       Mich. 

27  151  000 

Connecticut      

Fort   Wavne,    Ind  

31  167  000 

Grand  '  Rapids,    Mich... 
Hammond,     Ind  

46,843,000 
24,042,000 
53  895  000 

District    of    Columbia... 

Hartford,     Conn  . 

Hoboken     N     J 

19  771  000 

Idaho                          

Holyoke,     Mass  

51,668,000 
25  443  000 

Illinois     

Indianapolis,    Ind.. 

87  569  000 

Jersey   City,    N.    J  
Johnstown,     Pa  

.      150,783,000 
36  707  000 

Kansas      

Joliet      111 

28  998  000 

Kalamazoo,    Mich  
Kansas  City,    Kas  
Kansas  Citv,   Mo  

18,529,000 
56.012,000 
53,341,000 
26  530  000 

Maine                     .     ... 

Maryland     

Massachusetts    
Michigan 

1,396,722,000 
869,143,000 
354,434,000 
81,006,000 
522,548,000 
79,246,000 
121,008,000 
13,591,000 
156.749.000 
1,352,382,000 
8,984,000 
3,334,278,000 

Kenosha,    Wis.... 

23,174.000 
99,640,000 
38  360  000 

Minnesota     

Lawrence,    Mass  
Lorain     0 

Mississippi 

Missouri     

Los    Angeles,    Cal...   . 

101  681  000 

Louisville     Ky 

89  957  000 

Nebraska     

Lowell,    Mass  
Lvnn     Mass.. 

68,715,000 
44  253  000 

Nevada       .          

New    Hampshire  
New    Jersey  

Manchester,    N.    H  
McKeesport,    Pa  

33,469,000 
42,482,000 
44,435,000 
19  757  000 

New     York  

Meriden,     Conn...   . 

North    Carolina.       ... 

253,842,000 
14,213,000 
1,677,552,000 
65,478,000 
139,500,000 
3,149,411,000 
308.445,000 
203,211,000 

Milwaukee     Wis 

240,780,000 
.      109.040,000 
34,179,000 
28,966,000 
214,169,000 
88,244,000 
26,872,000 
65,746.000 
53,989,000 
1,026,104,000 
64,221,000 
51  264  000 

North    Dakota  
Ohio     
Oklahoma      

Minneapolis,    Minn  
Moline,     111  

Nashville,    Tenn  
Newark     N     J. 

Oregon    
Pennsylvania     
Rhode    Island  
South    Carolina  

New  Bedford,   Mass.... 
New   Castle,    Pa  
New   Haven,    Conn  
New  Orleans,  La  
New  York,   N.  Y  
Niagara  Falls,  N.   Y... 
Omaha    Neb 

South  Dakota  
Tennessee     

15,060,000 
211,423,000 
283,544,000 
71,843,000 
79,847,000 
261,501,000 
277,715,000 

Texas 

Utah     

Vermont    

Oakland      Cal 

36,411,000 
48,659,000 
74,161,000 

Virginia    .         

Passaic  '  N    J 

Washington     

Paterson,   N.   j  .. 

ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


171 


City. 
Pawtucket     R    I             • 

Capital. 
$50  354  000 

Product. 

$42,029,000 

City. 
South   Bend,    Ind. 

Capital. 
$21  512  000 

Product. 

$31  180  000 

Peoria      111             

32,509,000 

64,689,000 

South   Bethlehem.   Pa... 

68  793  000 

40  179  000 

Perth    Amboy,    N.    J.... 

61,814,000 

148,960,000 

South  Omaha,   Neb  

26,648,000 

106,025,000 

Philadelphia,    Pa  
Pittsburgh      Pa  

309,217,000 

246,694,000 

Springfield,    Mass  

18,891,000 
45  753,000 

16,636,000 
44  429  000 

Portland      Ore 

48  670  000 

55,697,000 

Springfield,    O  

32  401  000 

27  72'*  000 

119  673  000 

115  335  000 

Syracuse    N    Y 

63  S^O  000 

59  164  000 

Racine      Wis      

67,635,000 

43,632,000 

Tacoma,   Wash  

28  287  000 

27  708  000 

45  334  000 

53  232  000 

Terre   Haute     Ind 

13  920  000 

25  699  000 

39  940  000 

69  491  000 

Toledo     O 

91  149  000 

115  049  000 

Rochester'    NY 

127  489  000 

140,697  000 

Trenton,    N.   J  

55  345  000 

54  8°°  000 

Rockford      111 

38  853  000 

26  371  000 

Troy    N     Y 

42  380  000 

39  930  000 

St.   Paul,   Minn  
St.   Louis.    Mo  
Salt  Lake  Citv    Utah... 

76,790,000 
314,728,000 
19,247,000 

68,682,000 
360,480,000 
16,663  000 

Utica,  N.  Y  
Waterbury,    Conn  
Wheeling,  W.  Va  

30,672,000 
50,288,000 
26  858,000 

30,450,000 
50,659,000 
27  879  000 

57  388  000 

48  763  000 

Wilkesbarre     Pa  

19  014  000 

16  734  000 

Scran  ton      Pa  

25,152,000 

28,722.000 

Wilmington,   Del  

46  400,000 

39  403  000 

San    Francisco,    Cal  
Seattle     Wash 

145,622,000 
61  317  000 

162,300,000 
64  475  000 

Winston-Salem,    N.   C... 
Worcester     Mas?, 

25,703,000 
79  243  000 

37,288,000 
82  829  000 

21  481  000 

17  509  000 

Yonkers     N     Y 

59  409  000 

67  903  000 

22  610  000 

49  479  000 

York     P'a  

29  362  000 

22  043  000 

20  896  000 

43  971  000 

130  102  000 

99  in  000 

GREAT     OCEAN    STEAMSHIPS. 


Reg.L'th.B'th 
Name.  Ton'ge.Ft.  Ft. 

Leviathan    54.282  920100 

Imperator    52,000  898  97 

Europa   50,000  911  96 

Aquitania     47.000  901  92 

Olympic     45.000  890  92 

Columbus  35.000  696  76 

Mauretania    32.000  790  83 

George  Washington.25.570  722  78 

K.    Aug.    Victoria.. 24. 581  677  77 

Adriatic    24.541  726  75 

Rotterdam   24.170  668  77 

Baltic   23.876  726  75 

France    23,666  720  75 

America    22.622  687  74 

Cedric     21.035  680  75 

Celtic    20.904  680  75 

Minnesota    20.718  622  73 

Caronia    19.594  650  72 

Carmnnia    19.524  650  72 

Mt.  Vernon 19.503  706  72 

<5Dneas    19.500  500  60 

Agamemnon    19.361  684  72 

Lapland     18.694  620  70 

President    Lincoln..  18,168  616  68 

President    Grant. ..18.072  616  68 

Berlin     17.324  612  70 

Pr.    Fr.    Wilhelm...l7.084  613  68 

Cleveland   17,000  608  65 

New    Amsterdam. ..16. 697  600  69 

Deutschland   16.502  661  67 

Megantic   15.877  565  67 

Republic   15.378  670  68 

Von  Steuben 14.908  637  66 

La   Provence 14.744  602  65 

Nestor    14.500  500  66 

Savannah 14.281  580  64 

Empress  of  Britainl4.1S9  549  65 

Ivernia     14.058  582  65 

Canada     14.000  500  60 


Name. 


Reg.L' 
Ton'ge 
14.000 
Verona   .............  14.000 

Taormina    ..........  14,000 

Sant   Anna   ........  14.000 

Mongolia     ..........  13.639 

Carpathia     .........  13.603 

Cretic    ..............  13.507 

Patricia    ...........  13.424 

Minnewaska   .......  13.401 

Minnetonka     .......  13.398 

Pennsylvania    ......  13.333 

Andania    ...........  13.300 

Alaunia   ............  13.300 

Pretoria    ...........  13.234 

Graf  Waldersee  ...13.193 
Cymric   .............  13.096 

Oceania    ............  13.000 

Kenil  worth   Castle.  12.975 
Campania  ..........  12.950 

,33olu&  ...........  ....13.102 

Finland    ............  12.760 

Kroonland    .........  12.760 

Walmer  Castle  ----  12.546 

Noordam   ...........  12.534 

Rymlam     ...........  12.527 

Potsdam    ...........  12.522 

Suevic    .............  12.500 

Runic    ..............  12.482 

Saxon    ..............  12.385 

Moltke    .............  12.335 

Blueeher  ...........  12,334 

Ionic    ...............  12,232 

Corinthic    ..........  12.231 

Canopic    ............  12.097 

Vaderland    .........  12.018 

America    ...........  12.000 

Duca  degli  Abruzzil2.000 
Duca    d'Aosta  ......  12,000 

Duca  di  Genova  1..  12.  000 


'th.B' 
.Ft.  I 
485 

til 
't. 
60 

Name. 
Cameronian 

Reg.L' 
Ton'ge 

12  000 

th.I 
Ft. 

540 

t'th 

Ft. 

60 

485 
485 

60 
60 

Frederick   VIII 
Bergensfjord  .. 

12.000 
....12.000' 

540 
=>?<> 

8 

500 

60 

Medic    

...11  985 

550 

63 

600 

65 

Persic  

...  11  973 

550 

63 

540 

W 

Zeeland   

11  905 

561 

60 

582 
560 

60 
6? 

Haverf  ord    
St.    Louis  

....11.635 
..11  629 

531 

5'5 

59 
63 

600 

66 

St.  Paul  

11  629 

5?5 

63 

600 

66 

Merion    

...11  621 

n?0 

59 

559 

69 

Bremen    

....11  570 

550 

60 

540 

fi1 

Batavia   ....     .. 

...11  490 

501 

62 

540 

61 

Corsican    

...11  436 

500 

61 

561 

69 

Romanic    

11  394 

550 

59 

561 

6° 

La   Savoie   .. 

11  168 

56? 

60 

585 

61 

La  Lorraine 

11  146 

"fi? 

60 

477 

^6 

Chicago    

11  103 

59fi 

57 

•   570 

fin 

10  794 

5°6 

60 

650 

79 

New  York  

10  798 

517 

63 

560 
578 

62 

60 

Philadelphia   .. 
Virginian    

....10.786 
..     10  754 

527 
5°0 

63 
60 

560 

60 

Scotian    ... 

.  10  750 

510 

60 

570 
550 
550 
550 
550 

64 
62 
62 
62 
6? 

Koenigin   Luise 
Huron    
Koenig    Albert 
Victorian    

10,711 
....10.695 
10,643 
....10,629 
10  606 

523 

523 
499 

520 
510 

60 

60 
60 
60 
59 

550 

6? 

Tunisian 

10  576 

500 

59 

570 

64 

Hamburg    

10  531 

499 

60 

525 

6?, 

Marmora     

..     10  509 

5?o 

60 

525 

6? 

Statendam   

10  491 

515 

60 

500 

63 

Devonian  

...10  418 

559 

59 

500 
594 

63 

59 

Winnifredian  .. 
Ultonia  

10.405 
..    10  405 

552 
500 

59 
57 

560 

60 

Bavarian  

...10  387 

501 

59 

506 

56 

Mniestic    

...  10  147 

565 

58 

476 

54 

Amazon   

..  .  10  100 

51"7 

60 

476 

54 

United  States... 

...10  091 

515 

gg 

476 

54 

Helig  Olav    .. 

...10.085 

500 

58 

THE    SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION    IN    WASHINGTON. 


The  Smithsonian  institution  was  established  by 
statute  in  1846,  under  the  terms  of  the  will  of 
James  Smithson,  who  bequeathed  his  fortune  in 
1826  to  the  United  States  for  the  "increase  and 
diffusion  of  knowledge  among  men."  From  the 
income  of  the  fund  a  building,  known  as  the 
Smithsonian  building,  was  erected  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.,  on  land  given  by  the  United  States. 
The  institution  is  legally  an  establishment  hav- 
ing as  its  members  th«  president  and  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  the  chief  justice  and 
the  president's  cab'net.  It  is  governed  by  a 
board  of  regents  consisting  of  the  vice-president, 
the  chief  justice,  three  members  of  the  United 
States  senate,  three  members  of  the  house  of 
representatives  find  six  citizens  appointed  by 
joint  resolution  of  congress.  It  is  under  the  im- 


mediate direction  of  the  secretary  of  the  Smith- 
sonian institution,  who  is  the  executive  officer  of 
the  board  and  the  director  of  the  institution's 
activities.  The  institution  aids  investigators  by 
making  grants  for  research  and  exploration,  pro- 
viding for  lectures,  initiating  scientific  projects 
and  publishing  scientific  papers.  It  has  adminis- 
trative charge  of  the  national  museum,  the  na- 
tional gallery  of  art.  the  international  exchange 
service,  the  national  zoological  park,  the  astro- 
physical  observatory  and  the  regional  bureau  for 
the  international  catalogue  of  scientific  litera- 
ture. The  institution's  original  endowment  of 
$541.000  has  been  increased  by  gifts  and  accu- 
mulated interest.  The  secretary  of  the  institu- 
tion Is  Charles  D.  Walcott. 


172 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920 


MINERAL    PRODUCTS    OF 

THE    UNITED 

STATES. 

[Prepared 

by  the  United  States  geological  survey.] 
1916 

Calendar  years. 
1917 

Minerals. 

Quantity.                 Value. 

Quantity  .""'         Value. 

833,900,000 

$45.882,000 

Asbestos    

.short  tons 

1,479 

448,214 

1.683 

506,056 

.short  tons 

786.811 

7,102,132 

782,713 

8,470.615 

.short  tons 

221,952 

1,011,232 

206.888 

1.171.184 

4*25,100 

2,296,400 

568,690 

3.119,058 

Borax    

....  pounds 

103,525 

2,409,451 

108,875 

3.609.632 

95,394,433 

104.689.090 

91.342,930 

123.210.458 

Clay  products  

.short  tons 

207.260,091 

248.023.368 

Coal,  anthracite  

.  .  long  tons 

78,195.083 

202.009,561 

88.939.117 

283.650.723 

Coal,   bituminous  

.short  tons 

502.519,682 

665,116,077 

551.790.563 

1,249.272.837 

Coke    

.short  tons 

54.533,585 

170,841,197 

55.606.828 

298,243.017 

1,927,850.548 

474,288.000 

1,886.120,721 

514,911,000 

Emery    

.short  tons 

15.282 

123.901 

17.135 

241,050 

Feldspar    

.short  tons 

132,681 

702  278 

141,924 

728.838 

Fluorspar    

.short  tons 

155,735 

922.654 

218.828 

2.287.722 

Fuller's  earth  

.short  tons 

67.822 

706.953 

72.870 

776.632 

Garnet    (abrasive)  .... 

.short   tons 

6.171 

208.850 

4,995 

198.327 

Gold    (coining  value)  . 

.  .  .troy  oz. 

4,479.056 

92,590.300 

4  051  440 

83,750,700 

Graphite     (crystalline) 

....  pounds 

10,931,989 

914,748 

10.584.080 

1,094.398 

Grindstones    

766,140 

1,147.784 

Gypsum     

.short  tons 

2.757.730 

7,959,032 

2  096  226 

10.495,343 

.short   tons 

241,553 

123  784 

39,126,324 

663,478.118 

38.612,546 

1,053.785,975 

Iron    ore  
Lead    

Manganese  ore  
Manganiferous    ore.  .  . 

.short  tons 
.short  tons 
.long  tons 
.  .long  tons 

77.870.553 

4.0831803 
26.997 
548,803 

181.902.277 
76.207.000 
^8,618.  816 
627,417 
2,005,491 

75,573.207 
540.000 
3.786.364 
115.000 
859.000 

238.260,444 
99.000,000 
23.807.877 
3.220,000 
5,154,000 

Mica,    sheet  

.  .  .  .pounds 

865.863 

524.485 

1.276.533 

753.874 

.short  tons 

4.433 

69,906 

3  429 

52  908 

.short  tons 

135,606 

23,515.803 

140  636 

26  972  137 

Mineral    waters  g 

•aliens   sold 

55,928.461 

5,735.035 

46.784.419 

4.931.710 

Natural  gas  

120,227,468 

140  000  000 

Natural-gas  gasoline.  .  . 

gallons 

103,492.689 

14,331,148 

217.884,104 

40,188.950 

Oilstones     

154.573 

168  704 

300.767.158 
1.982.385 

330.899,868 
5,896.993 

335.315.601 
2  584  287 

522.635.213 

7  771  084 

Platinum    

.  .  .troy   oz. 

28,088 

2.307.762 

38,831 

4.023.757 

Precious  stones  

217.793 

131  012 

.short  tons 

33.320 

35  °93 

84  814 

Pyrite    
Quartz     (silica)  

.short  tons 

423,556 
88.514 

1,965.702 

242,786 

462.662 
14°  673 

2.845,435 
318  069 

•Quicksilver    
:Salt    
Silver    (com.  value).. 

flasks 

29,932 
45,449,329 
74.414,802 

2,576,547 
13,645,947 
48.953.000 

35.954 
49.844.121 
71.740,362 

3,786,675 
19.940.442 
59.078,100 

Slate  

5,338.837 

5  749  966 

Stone    , 

79,041,699 

8°  Q  15  671 

.short  tons 

119,725 

1,292.293 

144  177 

1  411  416 

Tin    

.  .  .  .  pounds 

280,000 

121.744 

180  000 

111  000 

Tungsten  ore  
Zinc  

,.  short  tons 
.short  tons 

5.923 
563,451 

12.075.417 
151,005.000 

6,144 
584.597 

6,783,000 
119,258.000 

Total*  , 



i,i     iiot 

3.315.339,409 

5,010,947,569 

COAL  PRODUCTION 
In    tons    of    2.240   po 
Anthracite. 
State.                Tons. 
Pennsyl.    .    88.939,117 
Bituminous. 
Alabama   .  17.917.923 
Arkansas.       1,913,910 
Calif.    .                  53.909 
Colo.     ..       11,145,836 
Georgia                106,275 
Illinois    .       76.963.738 
Indiana         23.695.829 
Iowa    ...          8,005,205 
Kansas    .         6,415.156 
Kentucky      24,828.546 
Maryland        4,237.432 
Michigan         1.227,506 
Missouri    .      5.062.990 
Montana    .      3.773,830 
N.   Mexico     3.571.899 

COAL  PRODUCTION  B 
Tons  of  2,2 
Year.                             Ant 
1880..                        .    25 

BY  STATES   (1917). 
unds.     Calendar  year. 
State.                Tons. 
N.   Dakota         705.847 
Ohio   36.382,798 
Okla  3,916.825 

Year.                                Ai 
1900  51 

ithracite.       Bituminous. 
309,214        189.480.097 
405.958        281.239.252 
514.296        372.339,703 
459.876        442.624,426 
195.083        448.678.288 
939.117        492,670.146 

ON    IN    THE    UNITED 

TES. 
s.    Calendar  year  1918. 
State.                Tons. 
Ohio                  8  764  132 

1905  69 

1010  75! 
1915..                             79 

1916.  .  .                          78 

1917  88 

Penn.       ..153.971,555 
S.    Dakota             7.180 
Tenn.     ...      5.530.555 
Texas    ...      2,103,406 
Utah     ....      3.363.241 
Virginia    .      9,006.331 
Wash.    ...      3.580.270 
W.    Va.  ..    77.180,000 
Wyoming.       7,656.803 

PIG    IRON   PRODUCT! 

STA 
In  tons  of  2,240  pounc 
State.                 Tons. 
Alabama     .    2,587.852 
Colorado    ..       502,810 
Conn  11,485 
Illinois     ..      3.440.307 
Kentucky            694.675 
Maryland            373,817 
Michig-an        3.073.599 
N.    Jersey.     2.871,118 
NOTE  —  In   the    forego 
eludes    Missouri,    Wash 
Oregon;     Connecticut     i 
Kentucky    includes    Mis 
ginia;    Georgia    include 
eludes  Indiana;  New  Jei 
and  Wisconsin  includes 

Penn  15.198.271 
Tennessee   .       369.822 
Virginia     .  .       513,737 
Wisconsin   .       750.360 

Total  bitu- 
minous  .492.670.146 
Grand  tot.581,  609.263 

Y  CALENDAR  YEARS. 
40  pounds, 
hracite.         Bituminous. 
580,189           38,242.641 
489,858           99.377.073 

Total   ....39,051.991 
Tot.    1917.38,647.397 
ing    table    Colorado    in- 
ington,    California    and 
ncludes    Massachusetts; 
sissippi    and   West    Vir- 
9    Texas;    Michigan    in- 
sey  includes  New  York. 
Minnesota. 

1890..                        .    4l! 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


MINES   AND   QUARRIES   t 

[From  reports  of  census  1 
In    1909    in    the    United    States,     exclusive    of 
Alaska.    Hawaii.    Porto   Rico   and   other  outlying 
noncontiguous  territory,    23,682  operators  conduct- 
ed  27.240    mines   and    quarries   and    166,448    petro- 
leum   and   natura'    gas    wells.     Of    the    operators 
3,749   were   engaged    solely   in    development   work, 
upon    which,    in    1909,    the    sum   of   $31.548,736    was 
expended.     In  Alaska   in   1909   there   were   673  op- 
erators,  who  employed  8,025  persons,  in  the  mining 
industry.     The  tital  expenses  of  these  operators 
amounted  to  $13,  220,200,  while  the  capital  invested 
was  reported   as   $47,749,164.     The   total   value  of 
products   was   $16,933,427,    of   which   amount   $16.- 
327.752  consisted   of  gold   and  silver.     In   Hawaii 
and   Porto   Ric<»    the    total   value   of   product   for 
the  eighteen  operators  reported  was  only  $26,414. 
The  total  nuoiber  of  persons  engaged  in  connec- 
tion  with    pro  lucing   mines,    quarries   and   wells, 
as   reported   on   Dec.    15,    1909,    or  nearest   repre- 
sentative day.  was  1.139,332.  of  whom  wage  earn- 
ers numbered  1,065.283,   proprietors  and  firm  mem- 
bers    29,922     and    salaried    employes    44.127.      In 
mines,  quanies  and  wells  for  which  development 
work  only  was  carried  on   there   was   a  total  of 
27,616  persons,  of  whom  21,499  were  wage  earners. 
Of   the    totil    number    of    persons.    1,166,948,    em- 
ployed   in    productive    and    nonproductive    mines, 
1,158,775  V  re  men  16  years  of  age  and  over,  and 
8,173  were   boys  under  16  years  of  age.     Distrib- 
uted bv  sex,  1,162.840  were  male  and  4,108  female, 
the    latte''    being    employed    in    supervisory    and 
clerical   t  apacities. 
The  total  capital  invested  in  all  mining  enter- 
prises 01  Dec.   31,   1909,   as  reported,   was  $3,662.- 
527.064,    of    which    $3,380.525,841    was    invested    in 
productive    enterprises    and    $282,001,223    in    those 
in  whi<;h  development  work  only  was  carried  on. 
SUMMARY   BY   INDUSTRIES. 
Industry.    Mines,                          Value.       Persons 
Fvf:ls  —          etc.     Expenses.      products,  engaged. 
Coal.    anth...    423    $139,324,467    $149,180,471      178,004 
Coa>,    bitum.,6,013     395,907,026      427,962,464      592,677 
Pe^rol'm  and 
nat.    gas.  166,320     135,638.644      185,416,684       62,172 

ST   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

jureau,  1912  and  1913.] 
Mines,                         Valne       Persons 
Industry.         etc.    Expenses,      products,  engaged 
Mica     78          $182,828           $206,794            608 
Mineral  p  i  g- 
ments    26            115,860            151,015            245 
Monazite  and 
zicron    4            50,909             64.472            34 
Oil.  scythe  and 
whetstones     45              99,259            206,028            230 
P  h  o  spha  te 
rock    153         7421430       10781192         8573 

Prec'us  stones    27            195,908            315,464            145 
Pumice     4                6,087              30,097     -       25 
Pvrite     12            734355            676984         1,160 

Quartz           ..      14            155  418            231  025            208 

Sulphur    4         4,538,389         4,432,066            46o 
Talc  and  soap- 
stone    46         1,036,371         1,174516         1,452 

Tripoli    7              42,493              66,557              73 

Tungsten     ...    116            365,780            563,457            22T 
All   other  in- 
dustries*   ..      27            740,874            778,938            560 
Total    1,042,642,693  1,238,410,322  1,139.332 
•Includes  enterprises  as  follows:     Antimony,  1; 
bismuth,  1;  borax.  2;  chromite,  2;   manganiferons 
iron,   2;   nickel  and   cobalt,  l;   tin,   1. 
SUMMARY  BY  STATES.        Value 
State.          Mines.  Wells.    Expenses.       product. 
Maine     102    $1,876,341       $2,056,063 
N     Hampshire       53    ....           1204966         1,308597 

Vermont    182    6,795.268         8,221,323 
Massachusetts     147    2,987,175         3,467,  88g 
Rhode    Island         27           ..             673  877            897  606 

Connecticut  ..       75    1,158,491         1,375,765 

New     York....      752    11,342          9,987.768        13.334.975 
New  Jersey...      151    4,507,940         8,347,501 
Pennsylvania.    3,000    59,780      300.977,955      349,059,  78€ 
Ohio                          964    35  067        53  852  530        63  767  11| 

Indiana    480    10373        20,312,752       21.934,201 

Illinois                    759    10  918        68  718  121       76,658,974 

Michigan    ....      173           21       51,819,838       67.714.479 
Wisconsin    ...      286    5.508,751         7,459,404 
Minnesota     ...      250    38.574,180       58,664.852 
Iowa            431    13,694,714        13,877,781 

Iron6  a           ..483       74,071,830     106.947,082       55,176 

Missouri    1,224           39       27,515,101        31,667,525 
North    Dakota       53             6            570.140            564.812 

Copper    368     107,679,212     134,616,987       55,258 
Precious   metals  — 
Deep     mine..  2,845        68.764,692       83.885,928        37.755 
^lacT    mines    880         6,810.482       10,237,252         5,436 
Lead  and  zinc  1,142       24,453.299       31,363.094       24,397 
"Quicksilver    .      12            718.861            868,458            640 
Manganese    ..        8              21,725              20,435              65 
Building    stone  — 
Limestone     ..1.916       23,875,507       29,832,492       41,029 
Uranite     826        16,192.138        18,997.976       22.211 
Sandstone     ..    677         6,626.438         7,702,423       11,025 
Marble    .,       .108          4,842.835          6,239,120          6.649 

South    Dakota       43             3         5,154,263         6.432,417 
Nebraska     ....        20    260,049            322.517 
Kansas     582      3,402       15,831,787       18,722.634 

Delaware     ....         9    508,937            516.21S 
Marvland    173    5,006,157         5,782,045 
Virginia     .       ,      244     8,863,954         8.795.64* 
West  Virginia     718    15,146       71.347,631        76,287,889 
\orth  Carolina     130                       1  416  075         1,358,617 

South  Carolina       32    1,034,  sis         1,252.792 

Georgia    .         ,      109    2,064,236          2,874.595 
Florida       ..            96    5,909,532         8,846.665 

Kentucky    ....      442      1,109       11,721.722        12,100,075 
Tennessee    ...      365             1       11,969.257       12.692,54? 
Alabama                302                     22  442  278       24  350  667 

=!late    219         5,831.256         6,054,174       10,121 

fraprock     ...     220          5,090.538          5.578.317          6,748 
Bluestone    ...    637         1,182,873         1,588,406         3,020 
Miscellaneous  — 
Asbestos    ....      20              72,747              65,140              88 
Asph'lt'm  and 
bitum.   rock      19            301,673            466,461 
Barvtes    42             176,967             224.766             372 
Bauxite    10           316.221           ;670.829            726 
Ruhr  and  mill 
stones    14              18,354              34.441              79 
Clay     336         2,289,198         2,945,948         4,351 

Arkansas     ....      146            62          4,309,211          4,603,845 
Louisiana     ...          2         246         6.641.555         6,547,050 
Oklahoma     ...      212    12,113        21,071,609        25,637,892 
Texas     .                    92      2.279         8,177,783       10,742,150 

Montana           ,      543    46,520.545       64,991,961 
Idaho     .     ..'...      370    7,198,763          8,649,342 
Wyoming    ....        95           21          9,053.4.67        10,572,18g 
Colorado    1,575           76       38,630,288       45,680,135 
New    Mexico         285           •           5  553  423         5  587  744 

Arizona    .         ,      251    28,608.216        34,217.651 
I'tih                          235                      16  606  028        22  083  '82 

Corundum  and 
emerv    6                7,459              18,185              19 
Feldspar    ....      28            238,896            271,437 
Fluorspar    ...      15            319,426            288,509 
Fuller's  earth     21            274,776            315.762 
Garnet    4              98.206            101,920            120 
Graphite      ...      20            328.690            344,130            436 
Grindstones..      25             339,261             413.296             430 
Gypsum    222         4,905,662         5,812,810         4,215 
Infusorial 
earth    16              61,083              75,503              99 
Magnesite     ..      13              62.444              68.463              84 
Marl     3              17,812              13,307              38 

Nevada     .               374    14,415,728        23,271,597 
Washington    .      170    7,800,722        10,537.556 
Oregon    161    1,223.468         1,191,512 
California     ...  1.279      4,316       52,565.278       63.382,454 
Geographic   divisions  — 
New    England.      586     14,696.118       17.327,242 
Mid.     Atlantic  3,903  .71,122      315,473.663      370,742.262 
EastN.Central2.662    56,379      200,211,992      237,534,170 
WestN.  Central  2,603       3.450      101,600.234      130,252.538 
South  Atlantiel,652     15,146        96,151.345      105,714,462 
East  S.Central  1,109      1,110       46,133,257       49,143,289 
WestS.  Central     452    14,700       40,200,158       47.530,937 

174 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Geographic  Value 

divisions.     Mines.  Wells.  Expenses,  product. 

Mountain    ....  3.728           97  $166,586.458  $205.053,900 

Pacific      1,610      4,316  61,589,468  75,111,522 


Total  U.  S.. 18,164  166,320  1,042,642,693  1,283,410,322 


The  states  leading  in  the  number  of  persons 
engaged  in  mining,  quarrying,  etc.,  were:  Penn- 
sylvania, 405,685;  Illinois,  86,389;  West  Virginia, 
82,808;  Ohio.  62,874;  Michigan,  42,133;  Alabama, 
32,643;  Missouri.  32,462;  Indiana,  31.292. 


ACCIDENTS    IN    MINES,    QUARRIES   AND  SMELTERS. 

[From    reports    of    bureau    of    mines,    interior  department.] 


MINES. 


J 

Year.* 
1904  .  . 

v  xx  -i-.fi.  J  JJ 

No. 
.1,995 

Propor- 
tion.! 
3.48 

Year.* 
1911.  . 

No. 
.2,656 

Propor- 
tion.! 
3.65 

07  A  J.  4^Uft  JL 

Year.*         ' 
1912.  . 

XJJJk?      JL.L! 

No. 
.    661 
683 

1913.  . 

1905.  . 
1906  .  . 

.  2,232 
.2,138 

§.63 
.39 

1912  .  . 
1913.. 

.2,419 

.2,785 

3.35 
3.73 

1914  

559 

IK:: 

1909.  . 

.  3.242 
.  2,445 

.2.642 

4.81 

ffi 

1914.  . 
1915.  . 

1916.  . 

.2.454 
.2,269 
2  226 

3  22 
3.09 
3.09 

ACCIDENTS 

AT    SI 
1914. 

1910.  . 

.2,821 

3.89     1917.. 

.'2,'696 

3.56 

Killed     

33 

1914.  . 

FATALITIES   IN    QUARRIES. 
.     180          2.05    1916...     173 

1.91 

Injured     

R  673 

*  Calendar  years.      fN 

1915.  . 

.     148 

1.47 

1917.. 

.     131 

1.59    men  employed. 

FATALITIES  IN  METAL  MINES. 

Year.*  No. 

1915 553 

1916 697 

1917 852 

SMELTING    PLANTS. 

1915.     1916.      191Y. 
38  36  53 

5,718      9.656      7.745 

Number  killed  per  1,000 


MERCHANT   MARINE   OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 

[From  the  reports  of  the  bureau  of  navigation.] 


YKAR. 

IN  FOREIGN 
TRADE. 

IN  COASTWISE 
TRADE. 

WHALE 
FISHERIES. 

Cod  and 
Mackerel 
Fish- 
eries. 

Total. 

Annual 
inc.  (+) 
or 
dec.(-) 

Steam. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Total. 

Tons. 
97,296 
192,544 
146,604 
192,705 
337,356 
533.468 
720,609 
1,346.164 
1,573,705 
1,855,484 
3,013,603 

Tons. 

2,379.396 
1.448.846 
1,314,402 
928.062 
816,795 
782,517 
1,066,288 
1,862.714 
2,185,008 
2,440,776 
3.599,213 

Tons. 
770.641 
882,551 
1.064.954 
1.661.458 
2.289.825 
4.330.896 
4,688,240 
4,578.567 
4,315,579 
4,559.008 
4,433,337 

Tons. 

2,644.867 

Tons. 

Tons. 
166.841 
67.954 
38.408 
18.633 
9.899 
9.308 
9,864 
8.829 
6,707 
5,623 
4,493 

Tons. 
162,764 
91.460 
77,538 
68.367 
51,629 
47.291 
26,700 
31.502 
33,384 
16,619 
22,196 

Tons. 

5,353,868 
4.246.507 
4.068,034 
4,424.497 
5,164.839 
7.508.082 
7,928.688 
8,389.429 
8,469.649 
32,055 
38,338 

Percent. 

4-  4.06 
+  2.41 

1870  

2,638.247 
2,637,686 
3,409,435 
4,286.516 
6.668.966 
6.818.363 
6.486,384 
6,244.550 
6.392.583 
6,282,474 



1890                                

4.925 
3,986 
3,509 
4.265 
3,682 
1.789 
2.250 
2.178 

-  *,« 

-2.71 
-6.18 
•  1.61 
-2.23 
-5.49 
-0.95 
-4.73 
•11.87 

1900           

1910         

1914        

1915    .             

1916 

1917 

1918  

VESSELS    BUILT    IN   THE    UNITED    STATES. 


YEAR. 

New 
England 
coast. 

On  entire 
seaboard. 

Mississippi 
and  tribu- 
taries. 

On  great 
lakes. 

Total. 

Sail. 

Steam. 

1890  
1900  
1910  
1914  
191?  
1916  
1917... 

No. 
208 
199 
111 
,"9 
89 
62 
84 
105 

Tons. 
78.577 
72.179 
23,442 
21.934 
18.551 
37,568 
52.526 
88,302 

No. 
768 

1.107 

887 
887 
777 
609 
993 
1.225 

Tons. 

169,091 
249.006 
167,829 
251,683 
184.605 
238.181 
518,958 
1.080.47H 

No. 
104 
215 
193 
133 
144 
140 
157 
135 

Tons. 

16,506 
14.173 
5,488 
8,018 
5.499 
4,973 
6,185 
5,409 

No. 
191 
125 
281 
131 
147 
126 
147 
168 

Tons- 

108,526 
130,611 
168,751 
5^549 
16,467 
44.691 
139,336 
215.022 

No. 
1.051 
1,447 
1,361 
1,151 
1,157 
937 
1,297 
1.528 

Tons. 

294.123 
393,790 
342.068 
316,250 
225.122 
325,113 
664.479 
1,800,868 

N& 

504 

'15 

51 
34 
4 
3 

Tons. 

102,873 
116.460 
19.358 
13,749 
8,021 
14,765 
4,884 
4,735 

No. 
410 
422 
936 
778 
751 
129 
114 
229 

Tons. 

159,045 
202,528 
257,993 
224,225 
154,990 
237,836 
431.304 
962,547 

1918  

SHIPS  BUILT  IN  1917. 


Kind. 

Wood— Sailing-  86     49,075      16 

Steam   35      11.309     27 

Gas   276      18.575   338 

Unrigged  334   108,771   137 

Total  -  731   187,730  518 

Steel— Sailing   3        3,383  ... 

Steam    60   299,998  18 

Gas   10        7.636  10 

Unrigged   4        1,744  2 

Total   77  312,761  ~~30 

Totals— Sailing    89      52.458      16 

Steam    95   311,307      45 

Gas   286      26.211   348 

Unrigged    338  110,515   139 


^-Atlantic-^ 

and  gulf.      / Pacific. N          lakes.  rivers.     "  , Total. 

No.      *Tons.    No.       *Tons.      No.      *Tons.    No.  *Tons.    No.        *Tons. 

19 
471 


17,582  1 

23,487  10 

51,229  77 

13,723  35 


9  345 
1,081  76  1,182 
4,874  25  873 


103 
81 
767 
531 


106.021  123  6.445  110   2,400   1,482 

O 

1*19.381  '47  153,614  "6  1,937   131 

3,526   1  2,124  5   121    26 

1.814   9  1,970  2  1,399    17 

124.721  "57  157,708  13)  3,457  177 

17,582  1  19  ...  106 

142,868  57  154,085  15  2,282  212 

54,755  78  3,205  81  1,303  793 

15,537  44  6.844  27  2,272  548 


Grand  total. 808  500,491.  548   230,742180  164.153  123  5,857  1,659   901.243 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


175 


SHIPS  BUILT  IN  1918. 
-Atlantic-^  , Grea  t ,  ^- Western-^ 


Kind.. 

a: 

No. 
77 

nd  gulf. 
*Tons. 
59.428 
183.550 
24,425 
78.303 

,  Pacific  , 
No.          *Tons.l 
19         14.325 
128       324.351 
309         50,048 
67            7.596 

lakes.              rivers, 
tfo.       *Tons.  No.    "Tons. 

,  Total.  N 
No.       "Tons. 
96         73.753 
264      612,964 
660         76,356 
332         89,156 

.   108 

13 
43 

25 

3.540 

660 
2,550 

15 

66 
31 

1 

1 

.523 
,223 
707 

Gas   

/.I...    242 
.   .    209 

Total 

..  636 

345,706 
4,092 
601,698 
550 
1,340 

523 

396,320 

81 

6.750 

112 

3,453 

1,352 
4 
466 
7 
5 

752,229 
4,092 
1.863,477 
602 
2,218 

Steel    Sailing1 

4 

132 
3 

f-155 

871.561177 

389,853 

2 
§4 

335 
52 

Gas 

Unrigrgred   

2 

tl 

325 

2 

553 

Total           

..  141 

607.680 
63,520 
785.248 
24.975 
79/643 

156 
19 

283 
309 
68 

871,886 
14.325 
1,195.912 
50.048 
7,921 

179 

390,406 

6 

387 

482i 
100 
730 
667 
337 

1.870.359 
77.845 
2.376,411 
76.958 
91,374 

Totals  —  Sailing;    .... 

81 

,.    240 

190 
43 

27 

393,393 
660 
3.103 

17 
70 
31 

1 
1 

,858 
,275 
707 

Gas 

..  245 

.    211 

Grand   total 777  953,386  679)  1,268,206260  397,156  118  3,840   1,834  2.622.588 


Note — In  addition  to  the  figures  given,  44 
vessels  of  133.155  gross  tons  were  built  for 
foreigners  in  1917  and  48  wooden  vessels  of 
98.693  gross  tons  in  1918.  *Gross  tons.  tOne 


vessel  of  3,427  tons  built  of  concrete.  tOne 
325  ton  concrete  vessel.  §One  11  ton  concrete 
vessel. 


from 


WORLD'S    SHIPS,    RAILWAYS,    TELEGRAPHS   AND    CABLES. 

[Report  of  the  bureau  of  statistics.  Washington,  D.  C.] 

Development   by   decades   of    carrying   power,    commerce   and    means    of    communication 

1800  to  1916. 

t Vessel  tonnage, v     Rail-  Tele- 

,-Commerce.^  Sail.  Steam.  Total,          ways,  graphs.        Cables, 

Year.  *Total.Percap.          tons.  tons.  tons.  miles.  miles.          miles. 

1800 $1.479      82.31      4.026,000     4,026.000 

1820...  1.659        2.13       5.814.000 

1830 1.981         2.34       7,100,000 

1840...       .      2.789        2.93      9,012.000 

1850 4,049        3.76    11.470,000 

1860...  7,246        6.01    14.890,000 

1870 10.663        8.14    12.900,000 

1880...       .    14.761      10.26    14.400,000 

1890 17,519      11.80    12.640.000 

1900...     ..    20,105      13.33      8.119.000 

1910 33634      20.81      4.366.000 

1917 52.781      31J.8      4.425,000 

*Millions. 


20,000 

5.834,000 

111,000 

7.211,000 

200 

368,000 

9,380,000 

5  400 

864,000 
1,710.000 
3,040,000 
5,880.000 
8,295,000 
13,856,000 
23.392.000 
25.380,000 

12.334,000 
16.600,000 
15,940,000 
20.280,000 
20,935.000 
21.975.000 
28.298.000 
29,805,000 

24.000 
67.400 
139.900 
224.900 
390.000 
500.000 
637.000 
729.800 

5.000 
100.000 
281.000 
440.000 
768.000 
1,180.000 
1.307.000 
1.588,000 

25 
1.500 
15.000 
49.000 
132,000 
200,000 
291.000 

Year.  Policies. 

1850 29.407 

I860 60.000 

1870...  839.226 

1880 679.690 

1890 1,319,561 

1900 3.176.051 

1910 6.954,119 

1917 11.581.701 


LIFE    INSURANCE 

rdinary. 

Amount. 
$68,614.189 
180,000,000 
2.262,847,000 
1,564.183,532 
3.620,057.439 
7.093.152,380 
13,227,213,168 
21,965,594,232 


IN    THE    UNITED 

-Industrial.- 


Policies. 


Amount. 


STATES. 

Total. 

Policies.  Amount. 


Total  income. 

1890     .  $196,938.069 

1900.' 400,257,603 

1910  .      781.011,249 

1917 1.249,401,387 


Corn- 
Year  panies.     Income. 

1901'. 489    $81.628,596 

1910 497    128.631.649 

1917 „    527    155.089,965 


236.674        $20,533.469 
3.883.529        429.521.128 
11,219.296     1.468.986.366 
23,034.463    3.177.047.874 
37,468,776    5,151,096,538 
Payments  to 
policyholders. 
$90.007.820 

168.687.601    1.742.414.173 
387,302.073    3,875.877.059 
590,183,247    5,940,622.780 
FRATERNAL  LIFE   INSURANCE. 

Claims 

Disbursement.         paid. 
$77.343.460    $64,128.047 
110,168.334      92.279.662 
134,938.381      97,398.076 


916.364  $1.584.717.001 

5.203.090  4,049,578.567 

14.395,347  8.562.138.746 

29.988.582  16.404.261,042 

49.050,477  27.116.690.770 

Assets.  Liabilities.         Surplus. 

$770.972,061  $678,681.309  $92,290,752 
1,493,378,709  249.035.464 
3,325.878.366  549.998.693 
5.335,513.267  605.109.513 


Insurance  Insurance 

written.  in  force. 

$799.626,678  $5,656.453,465 

1.331.552.713  9,562.511.910 

822,041.734  v  9.129,974.447 


FIRE   AND   MARINE   INSURANCE. 

Yr.  panies.  Income.  Losses.  Dividends. 
1890  580  $157,857,983  $75.334.517  $5.334,495 
1900  493  198,312,577  108,307,171  8,446,110 
1910  597  381.545.814166.789.76320.709.261 
1917 !  636  681,921,547  293.842,174  23,805,644 


ACCIDENT    AND    HEALTH    INSURANCE. 

Year.  Premiums.  Losses. 

1914 $41,830.753     J18.361.764 

1915...  ,.    41,069,870         18.519,057 

1016 47.505,091         20.631.083 

1917 55.594.631        23,731.506 


CASUALTY    AND 

Corn- 
Year,  panies. 

1890 34 

1900 62 

1910 177 

1917 181 


OTHER    INSURANCE. 

Payments  to 

Income,     policyholders. 

$9,758.413        $2.933.306 

32.309.619        10.166.796 

111.041.748        41.465.472 

257,517,978      104,986,320 


UNITED   STATES  FIRE  LOSSES  BY  YEARS. 

[From  the  Insurance  Press.] 

1910     ..    $214.003,300  I  19J.5 $172,033.200 

1913 203.408.250     1916 214.530.995 

1914...        221.439.35011917 260.753.640 


176 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


NATIONAL    WEALTH    OF    THE    UNITED     STATES    (1912). 


Geographic  divi- 
sion and  state. 

Heal  prop- 
erty and 
improve- 
ments. 

Live 

stock. 

Farm  im- 
plements 
and  ma- 
chinery. 

Manufac. 
machin'y, 
tools  and 
implmts. 

Gold  and 
silver  coin 
and 
bullion. 

Railroads 
and  their 
equipment' 

Street  rail- 
ways, ship- 
ping, water- 
works, etc. 

New  England  
Maine  

$7.243.043,478 

$1  52.411  .703 

$53.648.227 

$766.480.256 

$168.386,104 

$501.391.191 

$667.812,193 

485.868.919 
335.212,237 
255.994.278 
4,118,215.738 
600,747.009 
1,452,015,297 
30.315,701.320 

3-2.745,172 
16.015.159 
30.651,098 
43.148,947 
6,874,870 
22,976,457 
519,253,198 

"  15,628.096 
6.020,570 
10,694,726 
12,110,883 
1,883,634 
7,310,318 
177,725,806 

69,941.215 
38,561,611 
19.089.082 
377,873,043 
93,860.055 
167,155,250 
1.994.416.371 

14.779.215 

8,023,193 
6,499.412 
101,876.063 
13,603,256 
23,604,965 
899.203.161 

149.196,850 
76,619.613 
66.338,921 
135,123,384 
12,483,737 
61,628,686 
1,500,820,231 

77.912.060 
31.072.620 
20,642.085 
348.842.372 
53,771.682 
135,571,374 
2,792,249,523 

New  Hampshire  

Massachusetts  
Rhode  Island  
Connecticut  

Middle  Atlantic  
New  York  
New  J  ersey  

16,910.262.952 
3.856,914.601 
9,548,523,767 
23.748.446.047 
5,173708,410 
2.957,867.352 
10.046  319.512 
3.067.378.894 
2,503.171,879 
18.690.288.308 

263.577,707 
45,847,959 
209,827,532 
1,301,591,448 

89.172.586 
13,865,402 
74,687,818 
289,229,016 

813.601.441 
303,596.418 
877.218,512 
1.415.243.372 

632,554,526 
54.897.349 
211.751,286 

488.763.883 

553,314.487 
165,778.631 
781.727,113 
3.079.251.197 

1,787,201.570 
302.215,110 
702,832.843 
2,035,016.810 
584,792,833 
286,566.614 
748,7  13.023 
268.201  .502 
146,742,838 
843,052,977 

Pennsylvania  

East  North  Central... 
Ohio 

273.611.491 
227.006.381 
386.701.265 
184.782.900 
229,489.411 
1.838,987.471 

54.181.255 
43.733,375 
79.473,427 
54.t40,4f>6 
57,700.493 
403.249,087 

423,068,286 
178,384.997 
451.299.0t* 
199,266.379 
163,224.642 
363,455,087 

112,275,002 
57,444.477 
205.185.274 
63.658.411 
50.200.719 
285,898.127 

607.038.239 

480,251.:*',-.' 
926,403,787 
584.884.tU8 
480,673,161 
3.313.50o,472 

Indiana  

Illinois  .  ... 

Michigan  
Wisconsin  
West  North  Central.. 

3.391.615,408 
5.111,230,343 
3.26l.058.8o9 
1.261,  388.  140 
639,661.792 
2,316.850,464 
2,705,483,302 
7.536.324,781 

217.832.281 
491.613.546 
308.100,681 
l£i,614,381 
145.815,404 
265,473.943 
284,537,235 
485,664,137 

56.775,152 
102.98  1.40H 
55,328.257 
49.878.002 
38.100,632 
48.111.560 
52,074,078 
107.212.399 

83,647.680 
58,520,370 
125.037.985 
5.244,543 
6,043.576 
35,084,497 
49,876.43b 
545,733.504 

51,531.987 
49.566.432 
93.  140.304 
12.453.723 
12.334.760 
30,453,382 
36,417.539 
226.711.255 

564,652.082 
635.695,172 
613.54H.4tW 

277.S7ii.ti4U 
258,641.210 
884,43-,M.  •-.>;> 
578,665,874 
1.976.695,855 

231.846,178 
138.831.854 
267.556,780 
17,051,547 
25,801,674 
79,476.484 
87,488,460 
680.270.319 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota  
South  Dakota  

Nebraska  

Kansas  
South  Atlantic  

Delaware  
Maryland  . 

172,148.377 
1.345.483.922 
902.023.891 
1.136.103.685 
1.*.I9.189.713 
700.30(>.<I22 
506.ti07.276 
904.983.602 
429,484,293 
3.381.631.974 

8.794.481 
45.903,7«; 
1.794,926 
85.954.360 
55.993.204 
85.068,318 
61,304.088 
10(5,429.447 
34.421.547 
439.418.056 

3.417,202 

12,509.481 
83,tiC8 
19J56.852 
7,405,732 
20.315,423 
15.604.670 
23,176.865 
4,942,566 
80.653.752 
21.961.843 
22.504,071 
17.812.825 
18,375,013 
128.079,443 

16,693.931 
85,042,692 
13.785.676 
66,657,021 
60.271,939 
85.119.rai 
98.942.6tiO 
90,428,881 
28,791,073 
222,238,538 

3,936,059 

28.722.913 
£778.789 
37.S56.727 
23.590.424 
37,626.636 
25.507.035 
45.623.056 
15,089,626 
149,234,864 

20.908,048 
91,591.546 
19,468.338 
298.128.318 
232.87S.4-.  2 
326,771.879 
220.932,828 
465.990.  38r> 
302,026.041 
1,137.275,275 

20,411.455 
165.625.265 
64,167,592 
103,841,555 
67.305,992 
44,410.575 
55.766.258 
129.508.626 
29,233.001 
304.130.933 

.  District  of  Columbia 
Virginia 

West  Virginia  
North  Carolina.     .  . 
South  Carolina.     .  . 
Georgia  
Florida  
East  South  Central.  .  . 
Kentucky... 

1,139,433.836 
831.914.027 
933.661.266 
476,622.845 
8/.66.784.508 

136,524,104 
126,175.142 
86.921.130 
89,797,680 
722.172.650 

41.218.821 
50.W9.68I 
»5,250,311 
35,119.725 
250.665.542 

41.650.223 
39,068.353 
38.211,885 
30.304.403 
175.107.024 

247.266.327 
253.394.762 
352.614.162 
284,000,024 
2.107.781  .380 

91,799,742 
118,787,097 
65.268,571 
28,275,523 
346.620,452 

Tennessee.  . 

Alabama  

Mississippi  

West  South  Central.. 
Arkansas  

890.976.538 
1.028,988.975 
3.138,755.256 
3.608,063.739 
2.799.845.396 

88,301,395 
64.772,977 
174,193,995 
394,904,283 
460.554,283 

18.487,026 
17.065.106 
30.404,140 
62.123,171 
55.554.446 

30.524  .632 
88.307.350 
21.965.234 
109,868.326 
163.747.325 

27.064.086 
32,739.070 
34.258.132 
81,345,736 
69.651,582 

333.824,378 
390.18ti.H48 
883,688,745 
1.000,081,309 
1.499.071,030 

32.908,222 
93.342.172 
48,415.760 
171,954,298 
564,515.334 

Louisiana  
Oklahoma..  . 

Texas  

Mountain  

Montana  
Idaho  
Wyoming  
Colorado.. 

450.271.730 
143,201.0til 
90.280.515 
1,223.511.598 
147.056.6SO 
183.408.911 
376,008.261 
186,106.640 
8.289.267.259 

91.707.546 
58.398,555 
54.434.914 
88,059.546 
55.0U3.870 
43,997,536 
39.3U1.735 
29,650,581 
318.336.039 

11,913,204 
11.912.252 
4,128,753 
14.400.570 
4.716.452 
1,992.308 
4,777.304 
1,713.603 
72.872.372 

6.199.272 
18.598.415 
3.043.914 
91.353.941 
3.664,788 
12.609.832 
24.491,145 
3,786,018 
369.471,279 

11.119.466 
7.757.979 
3.593.443 
23,t!96.056 
6.644.604 
4,729.163 
9.580.423 
2,530.448 
153.386.734 

275.535.572 
159,755.166 
103.078.595 
369,238,739 
187.64ti.yOo 
130,657,476 
129,582.931 
143,575,646 
1.032.742,871 

106,010,526 
95,201.419 
26.723,620 
197,641.592 
18,070.248 
37,982,596 
57.9t>3,901 
24,921,432 
1,339,186.922 

New  Mexico  . 

Arizona  
Utah... 

Nevada  
Pacific  

Washington  
Oregon  

1,888.850.453 
1.163.594.445 
5.236.822.361 

68.242.365 
74.362,095 
175.731,579 

18,797,487 
14.545,429 
39,529,456 

11  1.048,892 
38.107,957 
220.314.430 

35,799.788 
25.139,773 
92,447,173 

351.546,678 
179,9  16.887 
501,279.306 
16.148.532.502 

227.341.952 
145.746.770 
9tJ6.098.200 

California  

United  States  

110.676.333.071 

6.238.388.985 

1.368.224.548 

6.091.451.274 

2.616.642.734 

10.2tJ5.207.322 

Note— Total  for  street  railways,  shipping-, 
waterworks,  etc..  includes  $402.351.858.  value 
of  ships  belonging:  to  the  United  States  navy, 
and  $290.000,000.  value  of  privately  owned 
water  supply  systems,  not  distributed  by 
states. 

•JTie  national  wealth  of  the  United  States  is 
estimated  by  the  United  States  census  bureau 
«t  $187,739.000.000,  or  $1.965  for  each  man. 
woman  and  child  in  the  country.  The  total 
includes  the  value  of  all  kinds  of  real,  per- 
sonal and  other  property,  taxable  and  exempt, 
in  the  United  States  exclusive  of  Alaska, 
Hawaii.  Porto  Rico  and  the  Philippines. 
Omitting-  the  value  of  property  exempt  from 
taxation  for  the  reason  that  it  was  not  in- 
cluded- in  the  figures  for  1850.  1860  and 


1870,  the  wealth  for  the  several  census  years 
is  as  follows: 

Year.  Total.  Per  cap. 

1912 $175,426.000,000  $1.836 

1904 100,273,000,000  1.234 

1900 82,305.000.000  1,083 

1890 61.204.000,000  975 

1880 41.642,000.000  836 

1870 24,055.000.000  624 

1860 16,160,000,000  514 

1850 7,136,000,000  308 

Including-  exempt  property  (1880  to  1912)  : 

1912 $187,739,000,000  $1.965 

1904 107.104.000.000  1,318 

1900 88.517.000.000  1,165 

1890 65.037.000.000  1.036 

1880 •. 43.642,000.000  870 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


177 


WEALTH    BY    GEOGRAPHIC    DIVISIONS    AND   STATES    (1912). 


Geographic  divi- 
sion and  state. 
New  Englatod  

Total. 
...811,805,422.012 

Taxable. 
810.922.179.117 

r-Per  capita  1912^ 
Tax-     Ex- 
Exempt.          Total,    able.  empt. 
8883,242.895  81.744  81.614  8131 

Maine  

1  069  594,027 

1.030.366.547 

39  227  480     1  4°0    1  368       52 

New  Hampshire  

649.320.469 

613.441.572 

35,878,897     1  493    1  411       83 

Vermont 

5°7  °61  775 

496  935  964 

30  3°5  811     1  470    1  385       85 

Massachusetts 

6  302  988  392 

5,735.230.115 

567  758  277     1  805    1  642     163 

Rhode  Island 

970  802  690 

892  693  475 

78  109  ^15     1  709    1  571    137 

Connecticut    

2  285.454.659 

2.153,511.444 

131,943  215     1  969    1*855    114 

Middle  Atlantic  

...   46.211,667.778 

41.411,819.840 

4,799,847,938     2.290    2.052    238 

New  York  

..    25,011,105,223 

21,912.629.507 

3.098,475  716     2  626    2  300    325 

New  Jersey  

,   .      5  743  032  278 

5.361.917  422 

381  1,14  856     2  140    1  998    142 

Pennsylvania   
East    North   Central... 

..    15.457,530.277 
...   39.502.313,584 

14.137.272.911 
37.551,136.365 

1.320.257,366     1,939    1.'774    166 
1.951.177,219     2.106    2,002     104 

Ohio   

8  908  432  943 

8  552  130  667 

356  302  276     1  817    1  744       73 

Indiana 

5  194  68°  500 

4  951  061  490 

243  621  010  -1  894    1  806       89 

Illinois   .  . 

.      15  484  450  232 

14  596467  087 

887  983  145     2  660    2  507    153 

Michigan 

5  427  0°°  651 

5  169  022  582 

258  000  069     1  873    1  784       89 

Wisconsin    

.  .      4  487  725  258 

4.282.454,539 

205,270,719     1  875    1  790       86 

West  North  Central  

..   31.208,417.942 

29.617.836.203 

1.590.581.739     2.617    2.483    133 

Minnesota   

5.547,327,017 

5,266.950,787 

280,376,230     2.582    2  452    131 

Iowa  

7  868  454  211 

7  437  094  834 

431  359,377     3  539    3  345    194 

Missouri 

5  842  017  009 

5  546  493  103 

''95  523  906     1  752    1  663       89 

North   Dakota  

2,141  623  961 

2.037.626,024 

104,000,937     3.374    3,210    164 

South   Dakota  

1  398  573  425 

1  330  693  417 

67  880  008     2  239    2  130    109 

Nebraska 

3  794  986  781 

3  605  133  830 

189  852  951     3  110    2  954     156 

Kansas    

.  .      4  615  432  538 

4  393,844,208 

221.588,330     2,652    2  525    127 

South  Atlantic  

..    14.843,963.211 

13.777.891.828 

1,066,071.383     1,179    1.094      85 

Delaware  

307,948,613 

293,721.979 

14,226.634     1,493    1,424       69 

Maryland    

.      2  177  958  864 

2  002  216  720 

175,742,144     1,651     1,518    133 

District    of    Columbia 
Virginia    

..      1.173,857,112 

2  289  913  786 

767,316.951 
2.174,685.192 

406.540,161     3.425    2,239  1186 
115.228.594     1,086    1,032       55 

West   Virginia  
North   Carolina  

..      2.303.571.209 
1.807.573  780 

2,179.527.639 
1,745.233,696 

124.043,570     1,800    1,703       97 
62,340.084         794        767       27 

South   Carolina  

.  .      1  351  400  753 

1  301,406.985 

49,993.768         869        837      32 

Georgia 

2  38°  600  866 

2  299  197  590 

83  403,276         883        853       31 

Florida   

.  .      1  049  138  228 

1.014,585,076 

34.553.152     1.307    1,264      43 

East  South  Central... 

.  .      7.660,040.736 

7.342,852,219 

317.188.517  '      890        854      37 

Kentucky   , 

~~2~,267.777,525~ 

2,152,097.565 

115,679,960         977        927       50 

Tennessee  

1  920  348  261 

1.834.354.927 

85.993,334         864        826      39 

Alabama 

2  127  054  930 

2  050  014.767 

77  040,163         964        929       35 

Mississippi    

.  .      1,344,860,020 

1.306.384,960 

38,475,060         726        705       21 

West   South  Central  

..    15,434.960,541 

14.687.498.597 

747.461,944     1.662    1,581      80 

Arkansas    

1.829,521,736 

1.757,533,669 

71.988,067     1,120    1.076       44 

Louisiana  

.      2  164  437  746 

2.056,572,346 

107,865,400     1,260    1,197       63 

Oklahoma 

4  581  091  918 

4  321  150,418 

259,941.500     2  475    2  335    140 

Texas 

6  859  909  141 

6  552  242  164 

307  666  977     1  679    1  604       75 

Mountain    

..      6.753.014.065 

6.500,317,073 

252.696.992     2,371    2,232      89 

Montana    . 

1,149,732,986 

1,113,008,146 

36.724.840     2,834    2,743       91 

Idaho   

608  305  157 

591,073.842 

17,231,315     1.680    1,632      48 

Wyoming 

353  844  827 

344  834.812 

9,010.015     2.241    2,184       57 

Colorado    

2.386.923.583 

2,286,478.777 

100,444,806     2.785    2,668    117 

New  Mexico  
Arizona 

513.733,026 
501  852  186 

501.627.424 
487,099,365 

12,105,602     1.440     1,406      34 
14,752,821     2,255    2,189       66 

Utah  

781  613  390 

734,811.880 

46.801,510     1.979    1,860    119 

Nevada    

457  008  910 

441.382,827 

15.626,083     5.038    4.865    172 

Pacific  

.    13.626,919.363 

12,921,668.488 

705.250.875     2.969    2,816    154 

Washington    

3  218  360  623 

3,054.690,780 

163,669.843     2.511    2,384    128 

Oregon 

1  944  354  463 

1  843,542,127 

100,812.336     2.661    2,523    138 

California    

.      8,464.204,277 

8.023,435,581 

440.768.696     3,284    3.113    171 

The   United  States... 

.187.739.071.090 

175,425,551,588 

12.313,519.502     1,965    1,836    129 

Note— The  totals  at  the  head  of  the  first 
two  columns  include  8402.351,858,  value  of 
ships  belonging-  to  the  United  States  navy, 
and  $290.000,000,  value  of  privately  owned 
water  supply  systems,  not  distributed  by 
states. 

CLASSIFICATION   OF  WEALTH    (1912>. 
Real    property     and    improve-    . 

ments  taxed .898,362,813.569 

Real     property     and     improve- 
ments  exempt 12,313,519,502 

Live  stock 6,238,388,985 


Farm  implements  and  machin- 
ery        81.368.224.548 

Manufacturing  machinery,  tools 
and    implements    6.091,451.274 

Gold  and  silver  coin  and  bul- 
lion          2,616,642.734. 

Railroads     and     their     equip- 
ment        16,148.532.503 

Street   railways,   etc.: 

Street  railways 4,596.563,292 

Telegraph    systems    223,252.516 

Telephone  systems 1.081,433.227 


178 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Pullman  and  cars  not  owned 
by  railroads $123.362.701 

Shipping  and   canals 1.491.117.193 

,    Irrigation    enterprises.. 360,865.270 

Privately  owned  waterworks         290.000,000 

Privately  owned  central  elec- 
tric light  and  power  sta- 
tions .. 2.098.613.122 

Agricultural    products    .  5.240,019.651 

Manufactured  products. 14,693,861.489 

Imported    merchandise 826.632.467 

Mining-  products 815,552.233 

Clothing-  and  personal  adorn- 
ments   4,295.008.593 

Furniture,  carriages  and  kin- 
dred property 8.463.216.222 

Total  187.739,071.090 

COMPARATIVE  WEALTH  OF  NATIONS. 
In  its  report  on  the  national  wealth  of  the 
United  States  in  1912  the  census  bureau 
quotes  the  following-  statement  concerning-  the 
wealth  of  the  principal  nations  as  given  by 
Aug-ustus  D.  Webb,  fellow  of  the  Royal  Statis- 
tical society,  and  published  in  the  New  Dic- 
tionary of  Statistics  for  1911: 


Country.  Amount. 

United  States    (1904) *$107,104.192.410 

British  empire   (1903) *108,279.625.000 


'72,997.500,000 
*6. 569.775.000 
•5.353.150.000 
'14.599,500.000 
•2,919.900.000 
•5.839.800.000 
France  ("recently") t46.798,500.000 


United  king-dom.. 

Canada    

Australasia   . 

India    

South  Africa. 
Rest  of  empire. 


Denmark    (1900) 

Germany    (1908) 

Australia    (1903) 

New  Zealand   (1905) 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  (1907)  . 

•Total     wealth.      tPrivate 
property. 

The 


•1,946.600,000 
•77.864,000.000 
t4.578.903,000 
•1.605.945.000 
J428.939.492 
wealth.      tFixed 


census  bureau  also  quotes  the  follow- 
ing- figures  from  Dr.  Karl  Helfferich's  "Ger- 
many's Economic  Progress  and  Economic 
Wealth" : 

Country.  Total  Wealth. 

German  empire   (1910-1911) .  .$68.020.000,000 
to  76.160.000.000 

France    (1908) 55,391.000.000 

England    (not  stated) 54.740.000.000 

United  States  (not  stated) 119,000.000.000 


WHEN   AND    HOW   TO    USE   THE   FLAG. 

[By  E.  B.  Wicklander.] 


The  flag  should  not  be  raised  before  sun- 
rise and  should  be  lowered  at  sunset,  but  may 
fly  at  all  times  during-  war  if  intended  for 
patriotic  and  not  advertising-  purposes.  In 
stormy  weather  it  is  considered  unkind  to 
permit  the  flag  to  fly  except  in  battle,  where 
it  may  wave  night  and  day  without  regard 
for  weather. 

The  flag-  in  times  of  peace  is  not  permitted 
by  correct  usage  to  float  all  nig-ht  except  at 
the  grave  of  Francis  Scott  Key.  author  of 
4 'The  Star  Spangled  Banner." 

Displaying1  the  Flag- — The  flag,  out  of  doors, 
should  be  flown  from  a  pole  whenever  pos- 
sible, or  a  wire  or  rope.  In  the  United 
States  army  all  flag's  are  suspended  from  poles 
and  in  no  other  way.  The  blue  field  is 
placed  farthest  from  the  house  displaying  it. 
except  when  facing1  a  parade,  with  the  flag- 
suspended  across  the  street  with  the  stripes 
perpendicular,  in  which  case  the  blue  field 
goes  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner  as  viewed 
by  the  parade. 

While  raising-  or  lowering-  the  flag1,  it  must 
not  touch  the  ground;  care  for  it  tenderly 
and  respectfully. 

.  Driving  nails  in  the  flag1  to  hold  it  in  place 
is  considered  wrong.  Preferably  it  should  be 
tied  with  red,  white  or;  blue  cord,  or  tri- 
colored  cord. 

Colors  on  Parade — When  the  colors  are  pass- 
ing- on  parade  or  in  review,  the  spectator 
should,  if  walking-,  halt:  if  sitting-,  arise, 
stand  at  attention  and  uncover:  men  to  re- 
move their  hats  and  women  to  bow  their 
heads.  All  military  men  are  required  to 
stand  at  salute. 

Used  in  Decoration— When  the  flag  is  hung 
vertically  (so  it  can  be  viewed  from  one  side 
only)  the  blue  field  should  be  at  the  right  as 
one  faces  it.  When  hung-  horizontally  the 
field  should  be  at  the  left.  The  flag:  should 
never  be  placed  below  a  person  sitting-. 

Desecration  of  the  Flag— No  advertisement 
or  lettering-  of  any  sort  should  ever  be  placed 
upon  the  flag-,  or  any  object,  especially  mer- 


chandise for  sale,  placed  upon  it;  nor  should 
it  ever  be  used  as  a  trade  mark.  It  should 
not  be  worn  as  the  whole  or  part  of  a  cos- 
tume, and  when  worn  as  a  badge,  it  should 
be  small  and  pinned  over  the  left  breast  or 
to  the  left  collar  lapel. 

When  worn  as  an  emblem  on  the  coat  or 
other  garment,  no  other  token  should  be  worn 
above  it. 

The  flag  in  any  form  should  never  appear 
on  towels,  handkerchiefs,  aprons  or  other  utili- 
tarian clothes  of  any  kind,  nor  used  as  a  table 
scarf. 

When  Portrayed — The  flag  when  portrayed 
by  an  illustrative  process  should  always  have 
the  staff  so  placed  that  it  is  at  the  left  of 
the  picture,  the  fabric  floating  to  the  right. 
In  crossing  the  flag  with  that  of  another  na- 
tion, the  United  States  flag  should  be  at  the 
right. 

Used  as  a  Banner — When  the  flag  is  used  as 
a  banner,  the  blue  field  should  fly  to  the 
north  in  streets  running  east  and  west,  and 
to  the  east  in  streets  running  north  and  south. 

Half-Mast  or  Used  on  a  Bier— Before  plac- 
ing the  flag  at  half-mast  on  Memorial  day  or 
when  officially  required  as  a  symbol  of 
mourning,  it  must  have  been  raised  to  the  top 
of  pole  or  staff  and  then  lowered  at  or  near 
the  center  of  the  staff. 

When  the  flag  is  placed  over  a  bier  or  cas- 
ket, the  blue  field  should  be  at  the  head. 

On  Memorial  day.  May  30 — The  national  flag 
should  be  displayed  at  half-mast  until  noon, 
when  hoisted  to  the  top  of  the  staff,  where  it 
remains  until  sunset. 

Days  When  the  Flag  Should  Be  Flown— 
Washington's  birthday,  Feb.  22;  Lincoln's 
birthday,  Feb.  12;  Mothers'  day,  second  Sun- 
day in  May;  Memorial  day,  May  30;  Flag  day, 
June  14;  Independence  day,  July  4;  also  many 
local  patriotic  anniversaries. 

When  a  flag  has  become  old  and  worn,  it 
should  not  be  allowed  to  be  thrown  around 
and  treated  with  disrespect,  but  should  be 
burned. 


HEIGHT    OF    SOME    FAMOUS    STRUCTURES. 


Structure.  Feet. 

Amiens  cathedral 383 

Bunker  Hill  monument...  .221 

Capitol,    Washington 288 

City  hall.  Philadelphia 535 

Cologne  cathedral 512 

Eiffel   tower 984 


Structure.  Feet. 

Florence    cathedral 387 

Fribourg  cathedral 386 

Milan  cathedral 360 

Pyramid.  Great 451 

Rouen  cathedral 464 


Structure.  Feet. 

St.  Paul's.  London 404 

St.  Peter's.  Rome 433 

Strassburg  cathedral 465 

St.  Stephen's,  Vienna 470 

Washington  monument 556 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


179 


UNITED    STATES   LIFE   TABLES. 

[Computed  by  the  bureau  of  the  census.] 


Based   on   the  estimated   population   July    1. 

1910,  of    the   original    registration    states   and 
on    the    reported    deaths    in    1909,    1910    and 

1911.  Oriirinal     registration     states     include 

BOTH  SEXES,  ONE  YEAR  INTERVALS. 


Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachu- 
setts, Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York. 
New  Jersey.  Indiana  and  Michigan  and  the 
District  of  Columbia. 


Age                                      Exp't'n 

Age 

Exp't'n  i     Age 

Exp't'n 

interval.*      No.        No.      of  life.§ 

interval.*      No.        No. 

of  life.f 

interval.*      No. 

No.      of  life.S 

Years.        living.t  dying.*   Years. 
0-1  100.000   11.462   51.49 

Years.        living.t  dying.*   Years. 
36-37..      72,539         605   31.16 

Years.        living.t  dying.*   Years. 
72-73.    .    29.759     2.065      8.22 

1-2.    .  . 

88,538     2,446   57.11 

37-38..      71.924         61 

7  30.42 

73-74. 

.    27,694 

2,072      7.79 

2-3.    .  . 

86,092     1,062   57.72 

38-39..     71.317         63. 

.   29.68 

74-75. 

.    25.622 

2,070      7.38 

3-4.    . 

85,030         666   57.44 

39-40.        70,086         64- 

t   28.94 

75-76. 

.    23,552 

2.057      6.99 

4-5.    .  . 

84,364         477  56.89 

40-41.        70,042         65 

3   28.20 

76-77. 

.    21,495 

2,028      6.61 

5-6.    . 

83,887         390   56.21 

41-42.        69,384         67 

t   27.46 

77-78. 

.    19,467 

1.981      6.25 

6-7.    . 

83,497        327   55.47 

42-43.        68,710         69 

3   26.73 

78-79. 

.    17,486 

1,920      5.90 

7-8.    .  . 

83.170         274   54.69 

43-44.        68.017         71 

3  25.99 

79-80. 

.    15,566 

1,854      6.56 

8-9.    .. 

82.896         234   53.87 

44-45.        67.301         74 

3  25.26 

80-81. 

.    13.712 

1.786     5.25 

9-10..  . 

82.662         204   53.02 

45-46.        66,561         76 

3  24.54 

81-82. 

.   11.926 

1,696      4.96 

10-11.. 

82.458         187  52.15 

46-47.        65,795         79 

y  23.82 

82-83. 

.    10,230 

1.565      4.70 

11-12.. 

82.271         180   51.26 

47-48.        65,000         82 

I   23.10 

83-84. 

8,665 

1,409     4.45 

12-13.. 

§2.091         182   50.37 

48-49..      64,179         84 

3  22.39 

84-85. 

.      7,256 

1,255      4.22 

13-14.. 

1.909         193  49.49 

49-50..      63.333         87. 

i   21.69 

85-86. 

.      6,001 

1.103     4.00 

14-15.. 

81,716         210  48.60 

50-51..      62,460         89 

7  20.98 

86-87. 

.      4.898 

954      3.79 

15-16.. 

81,506         232  47.73 

51-52..      61,563        921 

)   20.28 

87-88. 

.      3,944 

816      3.58 

16-17.. 

81.274         256  46.86 

52-53..      60.634         97( 

)   19.58 

88-89. 

.      3,128 

689     3.39 

17-18.. 

81,018         285  46.01 

53-54...    59,664     l,02t 

>   18.89 

89-90. 

.      2,439 

571      3.20 

18-19.. 

80,733         315  45.17 

54-55...    58.639     1,084 

t   18.21 

90-91. 

.      1.868 

466      3.03 

19-20.. 

80,418         344  44.34 

55-56..  .    57,555     1,151 

J   17.55 

91-92. 

1,402 

371      2.87 

20-21.. 

80,074         375  43.53 

56-57..  .    56.402     1,22* 

>   16.90 

92-93. 

.      1,031 

289      2.73 

21-22.. 

79,699         398  42.73 

57-58..  .    55,177     1,281 

>   16.26 

93-94. 

742 

219      2.59 

79.301         412  41.94 

58-59...    53,888      1,34( 

}  15.64 

94-95. 

523 

162      2.47 

23-24.'. 

78.889         418  41.16 

59-60...    52,542      1,40" 

t  15.03 

95-96. 

361 

117      2.35 

24-25.. 

78,471         425  40.38 

60-61..  .    51,138     1,465 

3   14.42 

96-97. 

244 

83      2.24 

25-26.  . 

78,046         432  39.60 

61-62..  .    49,676     1,521 

I   13.83 

97-98. 

161 

57     2.14 

26-27.. 

77.614        440   38.81 

62-63...    48,155      1.58' 

r  13.26 

98-99. 

.    '      104 

39      2.04 

27-28.. 

77,174        451   38.03 

63-64...    46,568     1.65( 

5   12.69 

99-100..            65 

25      1.95 

28-29.. 

76.723         465   37.25 

64-65..  .    44,912      1.71* 

*   12.14 

100-101.           40 

16      1.85 

29-30.. 

76,258        479  36.48 

65-66..  .    43,194     1,771 

I   11.60 

101-102.           24 

10      1.76 

30-31  . 

75,779        493   35.70 

66-67..  .    41,421     1.82* 

\   11.08 

102-103.           14 

6      1.67 

31-32.. 

75,286        511  34.93 

67-68..  .    39,595      l,87r 

f  10.57 

103-104.              8 

4     1.59 

32-33.. 

74,775         530  34.17 

68-69...    37,718     1,92* 

J   10.07 

104-105.              4 

?1.50 

33-34.. 

74.245         550  33.41 

69-70..  .    35.790     1,974 

9.58 

105-106.             3 

1.41 

34-35...    73.695         56832.66 

70-71..  .    33.816     2.  OK 

I      9.11 

106-107.              1 

1      1.33 

35-36...    73,127        68831.90 

71-72...    31,803     2,044      8.66 

INFANT  MORTALITY.   ONE,  MONTH  INTERVALS. 

Age                                      Exp'tln 

Age 

Exp't'n 

Age 

Exp't'n 

interval.*      No.        No.      of  life.  § 

interval.*      No.        No. 

of  life.§ 

interval.*      No. 

No.      of  life.§ 

Months,      living.t  dying.*   Years. 
0-1..     ..100.0004,377      51.49 

Months,      living.t  dying.* 
4-5...     .    92,748      705 

Years. 
55.17 

Months,      living.t 
8-9  90.296 

dying.*   Years. 
492      56.33 

1-2              95  623  1  131      53.76 

5-6              92  043      635 

55  51 

9-10..  .  .    89,804 

456      56.56 

2-3  "           94  492      943      54  32 

6-7              91  408      579 

55  81 

10-11.    .    89  348 

421      56  76 

3-4  93549      801     54.78 

7-8..  .     .    90  829       533 

56.08 

11-12...    88.927 

389     66.95 

EXPECTATION   OF   LIFE 

BY   SEX. 

Age         White  White  fe- 

Age         White  White  fe- 

Age 

White  White  fe- 

Age         i 

iVhite  White  fe- 

int'val.* males.  t  males.* 

int'  val.*  males.  t  males.* 

int'val. 

*  males.  t  males.* 

int'val.*1 

males.  t  males.* 

Years.        Years.    Years. 

Years.        Years.    Years. 

Years. 

Years.    Years. 

Years. 

Years.    Years. 

0-1  50.23      53.62 

27-28.     .37.21      39.31 

54-55. 

.17.68      18.87 

81-82.. 

4.81         5.05 

1-2..     ..56.26      58.69 

28-29 

.36.43      38.52 

55-56. 

.17.03      18.18 

82-83.  . 

4.56        4.78 

2-3  56.88      59.24 

29-30. 

.35.65      37.74 

56-57. 

.16.39      17.50 

83-84. 

4.32         4.53 

3-4  56.60      58.92 

30-31. 

.34.87      36.96 

57-58. 

.15.77      16.84 

84-85  . 

4.10         4.29 

4-5  56.05      58.35 

31-32. 

.34.10      36.18 

58-59. 

.15.16       16.19 

85-86. 

3.88         4.06 

5-6    .     .  .55.37      57.67 

32-33  . 

.33.33      35.40 

59-60. 

.14.57      15.55 

86-87. 

3.68         3.83 

6-7..     ..54.63      56.93 

33-34. 

.32.58      34.63 

60-61. 

.13.98      14.92 

87-88. 

3.49         3.61 

7-8  53.85      56.14 

34-35  . 

.31.82      33.86 

61-62. 

.13.41      14.31 

88-89. 

3.31         3.40 

8-9  53.03      55.31 

35-36  . 

.31.08      33.09 

62-63. 

.12.85      13.70 

89-90  . 

3.15         3.19 

9-10  52.19      54.45 

36-37. 

.30.34      32.33 

63-64. 

.12.31       13.11 

90-91. 

2.99         3.00 

10-11.  .  .51.32      53.57 

37-38. 

.29.61      31.56 

64-65. 

.11.77      12.53 

91-92. 

2.84         2.83 

11-12.  .  .50.44      62.68 

38-39. 

.28.88      30.80 

65-66. 

.11.25      11.97 

92-93. 

2.70        2.67 

12-13.  .  .49.56      51.79 

39-40. 

.28.16      30.03 

66-67. 

.10.75      11.42 

93-94  . 

2.57        2.52 

13-14.  .  .48.67      50.89 

40-41. 

.27.43      29.26 

67-68. 

.10.25      10.89 

94-95  . 

2.44         2.39 

14-15.  .  .47.79      50.00 
15-16.  .  .46.91      49.12 

41-42. 
42-43. 

.26.71      28.50 
.25.99      27.73 

68-69. 
69-70. 

.    9.77      10.37 
.    9.29         9.86 

95-96. 
96-97. 

2.31         2.27 
2.19        2.15 

16-17.  .  .46.04      48.25 

43-44  . 

.25.27      26.97 

70-71. 

.    8.83         9.38 

97-98. 

2.06         2.05 

17-18.  .  .45.18      47.39 

44-45. 

.24.56      26.21 

71-72. 

.    8.39         8.91 

98-99. 

1.93         1.94 

18-19.  .  .44.34      46.54 

45-46. 

.23.86      25.45 

7*^-73 

.    7.95         8.46 

99-100 

1.80         1.84 

19-20.  .  .43.52      45.71 

46-47. 

.23.16      24.70 

73-74  '. 

.    7.53         8.03 

100-101 

1.68         1.74 

20-21.  .  .42.71      44.88 

47-48. 

.22.46      23.96 

74-75. 

.    7.13         7.61 

101-102 

1.56         1.65 

21-22.  .  .41.92      44.07 

48-49  . 

.21.77      23.21 

75-76. 

.    6.75         7.20 

102-103 

1.45         1.55 

22-23.  .  .41.13      43.26 

49-50. 

.21.08      22.48 

76-77. 

.    6.38         6.80 

103-104 

1.34         1.46 

23-24.  .  .40.36      42.47 

50-51. 

.20.39      21.74 

77-78. 

.    6.04         6.41 

104-105 

1.25         1.37 

24-25.  .  .39.57      41.67 

51-52. 

.19.70      21.02 

78-79. 

.    5.71         6.04 

105-106 

1.15         1.29 

25-26.  .  .38.79      40.88 

52-53  . 

.19.02      20.29 

79-80. 

.    5.39         5.69 

106-107 

....         1.21 

26-27.  .  .38.00      40.09 

53-54.  .  .18.35      19.58 

80-81. 

.    5.09         5.35 

180 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


NEGRO    EXPECTATION    OF    LIFE. 

Age 

Age 

Age 

Age 

int'val.f  Males.  Females. 

int'val.t  Males.  Females. 

int'val.t  Males.Females. 

Int'val.t  Males.Females, 

Years. 
0-1.     . 

§Years.  fYears. 
.34.05      37.67 

Years. 
28-29. 

§Years.  §Years. 
.28.55      30.94 

Years. 
56-57. 

§Years.  §Years. 
13.36      14.50 

Years.      §Years.  §Years. 
83-84.         4.84         5.4O 

1-2.     . 

.42.53      45.15 

29-30. 

.27.94      30.27 

57-58. 

12.93      14.05 

84-85  . 

4.64         5.2a 

2-3. 

.44.55      46.95 

30-31. 

.27.33      29.61 

58-59. 

12.50      13.62 

85-86  . 

4.48         6.091 

3-4.     . 

.45.01      47.12 

31-32. 

.26.74      28.96 

59-60. 

12.08      13.20 

86-87. 

4.36         4.97 

4-5.     . 

.44.78      46.87 

32-33  . 

.26.16      28.33 

60-61. 

11.67      12.78 

87-88. 

4.26        4.8ft 

5-6.     . 

.44.25      46.42 

33-34. 

.25.58      27.70 

61-62. 

11.27      12.37 

88-89. 

4.18        4.76 

6-7.     . 

.43.62      45.81 

34-35  . 

.25.00      27.07 

62-63  . 

10.88      11.96 

89-90. 

4.10         4.64 

7-8.     . 

.42.94      45.13 

35-36. 

.24.42      26.44 

63-64. 

10.49      11.56 

90-91  . 

4.01         4.5O 

8-9.     . 

.42.20      44.39 

36-37. 

.23.84      25.81164-65; 

10.11       11.18 

91-92. 

3.89         4.34 

9-10    . 

.41.44      43.62 

37-38  . 

.23.26      25.18165-66. 

9.74      10.82 

92-93. 

3.75         4.14 

10-11. 

.40.65      42.84 

38-39. 

.22.69      24.56  1  66-67. 

9.38      10.49 

93-94. 

3.57         3.92 

11-12. 

.39.85      42.06 

39-40. 

.22.12      23.94 

67-68. 

9.02      10.17 

94-95  . 

3.37         3.69 

12-13. 

.39.05      41.29 

40-41  . 

.21.57      23.34 

68-69. 

8.67         9.86 

95-96. 

3.15         3.45 

13-14  . 

.38.27      40.56 

41-42. 

.21.02      22.75 

69-70. 

8.33        9.54 

96-97. 

2.93         3.22 

14-15. 

.37.51      39.85 

42-43  . 

.20.48      22.16 

70-71  . 

8.00         9.22 

97-98  . 

2.72         2.99 

15-16. 

.36.77      39.18 

43-44  . 

.19.94      21.58 

71-72. 

7.69         8.89 

98-99. 

2.51         2.78 

16-17. 

.36.05      38.55 

44-45  . 

.19.39      21.00 

72-73  . 

7.39         8.55 

99-100 

2.32         2.58 

17-18. 

.35.37      37.95 

45-46. 

.18.85      20.43 

73-74  . 

7.11         8.21 

100-101 

2.14         2.39 

18-19  . 

.34.71      37.35 

46-47. 

.18.30       19.86 

74-75  . 

6.84         7.88 

101-102 

1.97         2.21 

19-20. 

.34.08      36.75 

47-48. 

.17.75      19.30 

75-76  . 

6.58         7.55 

102-103 

1.81         2.05 

20-21  . 

.33.46      36.14 

48-49. 

.17.22       18.75 

76-77. 

6.36         7.22 

103-104 

1.66         1.89- 

21-22. 

.32.86      35.53 

49-50. 

.16.71      18.20 

77-78. 

6.15         6.91 

104-105 

1.53         1.73 

22-23  . 

.32.26      34.90 

50-51  . 

.16.21      17.65 

78-79. 

5.96         6.61 

105-106 

1.40         1.59 

23-24  . 

.31.67      34.27 

51-52  . 

.15.72      17.10V 

79-80. 

5.76         6.32 

106-107 

1.27         1.43 

24-25  . 

.31.06      33.63 

52-53. 

.15.23      16.55^ 

80-81. 

5.53         6.05 

107-108 

1.16         1.32 

25-26  . 

.30.44      32.97 

53-54. 

.14.75      16.01 

81-82. 

5.29        5.81 

108-109  1.2a 

26-27. 

.29.81      32.29 

54-55  . 

.14.28       15.48 

82-83  . 

5.06        5.59 

109-110  1.08- 

27-28.  .  .29.18      31.61 

55-56. 

.13.82      14.98 

•Period  of  lifetime  between  two  exact  ages. 
tNumber  of  100,000  persons  born  alive  living 
at  beginning"  of  age  interval.  JNumber  of 

AMERICAN   TABLE    OF    MORTALITY. 
Used  by  insurance  companies  in  computing-  expectation  of  life. 


100,000  born  alive  dying  in  age  interval. 
§  Average  length  of  life  remaining-  to  each  one 
alive  at  beginning  of  age  interval. 


No.         No. 

Exp't'n 

No. 

No.    Exp't'n 

No.         No.    Exp't'n 

Aee.            living,    dying. 

of  life. 

Ajre.             living: 

dying:,    of  life. 

Ape.             living,    dying,    of  life. 

10             100  000       749 

48  72 

39              78  8fi2 

756      28  90 

68.       ..43.133      2.243        9.47 

11  99,251       746 

48.08 

40. 

.78,106 

765      28.18 

69. 

...40,890      2,321        8.91 

12  98,505       743 

47.45 

41. 

.77,341 

774      27.45 

70. 

...38,569      2,391        8.48 

13               97  762       740 

46  80 

42 

76  567 

785      26  72 

71. 

.  .  .36,178      2,448        8.00 

14  97,022       737 

46.16 

43'. 

.75,782 

797      26.00 

72. 

...33.730      2,487        7.55 

15               96  285       735 

45  50 

44 

74  985 

812      25.27 

73. 

...31.243      2,505        7.11 

16  95.550       732 

44.85 

45. 

.74,173 

828      24.54 

74. 

...28,738      2,501         6.68 

17  94.818       729 

44.19 

46. 

.73,345 

848      23.81 

75. 

...26.237      2,476        6.27 

18.  .       .    94.089       727 

43.53 

47. 

.72.497 

870      23.08 

76. 

...23,761      2,431        5.88 

19  93.362       725 

42.87 

48. 

.71,627 

896      22.36 

77. 

...21,330      2,369        5.49 

20  92.637       723 

42.20 

49. 

.70,731 

927      21.63 

78. 

...18,961      2.291        5.11 

21  91,914       722 

41.53 

50. 

.69,804 

962      20.91 

79. 

...16,670      2.196        4.74 

22  91,192       721 

40.85 

51. 

.68.842 

1,001      20.20 

80. 

..14,474      2,091        4.39 

23  90.471       720 

40.17 

52. 

.67,841 

1,044      19.49 

81. 

...12,383      1,964        4.05 

24  89.751       719 

39.49 

53. 

.66,797 

1,091      18.79 

82. 

...10.419      1,816        3.71 

25  89,032       718 

38.81 

54. 

.65.706 

1,143      18.09 

83. 

.  .  .    8,603      1.648        3.39 

26  88.314       718 

38.12 

55. 

.64,563 

1,199      17.40 

84. 

.  .  .    6.955      1,470        3.08 

27  87,596       718 

37.43 

56. 

.63,364 

1,200      16.72 

85. 

.    5,485      1,292        2.77 

28  86.878       718 

36.73 

57. 

.62,104 

1,325      16.05 

86. 

.  .  .    4,193      1,114        2.47 

29  86,160       719 

36.03 

58. 

.60.779 

1,394      15.39 

87. 

.  .  .    3,079         933        2.18 

30  85.441       720 

35.33 

59. 

.59,385 

1.468      14.74 

88. 

.    2,146         744        1.91 

31.     ...    84,721       721 

34.63 

60. 

.57.917 

1,546      14.10 

89. 

.  .  .    1.402         555        1.66 

32.     ...    84.000       723 

33.92 

61. 

.56,371 

1,628      13.47 

90. 

847         385        1.42 

33.     ...    83.277       726 

33.21 

62. 

.54,743 

1,713      12.86 

91. 

462         246        1.19 

34.     ...    82,551       729 

32.50 

63. 

.53,030 

1,800      12.26 

92. 

216         137           .98 

35.     ...    81,822       732 

31.78 

64. 

.51.230 

1,889      11.67 

93. 

79           58           .80 

36.     ...    81.090       737 

31.07 

65. 

.49.341 

1,980      11.10 

94. 

21            18           .64 

37.     ...    80,353       742 

30.35 

66.. 

.47,361 

2,070      10.54 

95. 

3              3           .50 

38.     ...    79,611       749 

29.62      67...     .45,291 

2,158      30.00 

NORMAL    HEIGHTS    AND 

WEIGHTS    OF    ADULTS. 

Height.          Weight. 

Height.          Weight. 

Height.          Weight.          Height.          Weight. 

5  ft.  1  in..  128  pounds 

5  ft.  4  in..  149  pounds 

5  ft.  7  in..  158  pounds    5  ft.  10  in.181  pounds 

5  ft.  2  in..  135  pounds 

5  ft.  5  in..  152  pounds 

5  ft.  8  in..  166  pounds    5  ft.  11  in.186  pounds 

5  ft.  3  in..  142  pounds 

5  ft.  6  in..  155  pounds 

5  ft.  9  in..  173  pounds    6  ft.     0  in.  190  pounds 

HEIGHTS 
Weight,  , 
Height.     Ibs.  ' 

At  birth 1  ft.  1      in.    8 

6   months 2  ft.  0%  in.  16 

1  year 2  ft.  5     in.  24 

1%  years 2  ft.  8%  in.  28 

2  years 3  ft.  0     in.  32 


AND    WEIGHTS    OF     CHILDREN. 

Weight, 
Height.     Ibs. 

3  years 3  ft.    4  in.  36% 

4  years 3  ft.    6  in.  41 

5  years 3  ft.    8  in.  45 

6  years 3  ft.  10  in.  49 

7  years 4  ft.    0  in.  52^ 


Weight. 
Height.     Ibs. 

8  years 4  ft.    2  in.  56te 

9  years 4ft.    4  in.  62 

10  years 4ft.    6  in.  68 

11  years 4ft.    8  in.  74 

12  years 4  ft.  10  in.  80 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


181 


AGRICULTURAL, 

WHEAT    CROP   OF    COUNTED 

1915. 
Country.                                                       Bushels. 
United   States                                         i  O2S  so  i  non 

STATISTICS. 

SS    NAMED     (1915-1918). 

1916.                    1917. 
Bushels.              Bushels. 
636,318.000       636,655.000 
242,000                192,000 
17,931,000          16.318,000 
29,667,000          41.040,000 
147.559,000       117.921,000 
65.088,000          52,992,000 
2,294.000            5,280.000 

1918. 
Bushels. 
917.100.000 

* 
* 

* 

* 

Canada  —  New  Brunswick  

267,000 

Ontario 

30  252  000 

Manitoba 

96  425  000 

Saskatchewan 

195  168  000 

Alberta 

51  355  000 

Other  

.  .  '.  .             2.837.000 

Total  Canada 

376  304  000 

262.781.000 
11.468,000 

233.743.000 

* 

189.301,000 

• 

Mexico  

4.000.000 

Total  North  America.. 

...     1  406  105  000 

910,567,000 
172.620,000 
20,184,000 
9.867,000 

* 

70.224,000 
24.067.000 
5.390,000 

219,431.000 
28,292,000 
12.860,000 

Argentina  .  . 

168468000 

Chile 

19  002  000 

Uruguay  

3.596.000 

Total  South  America 

191  066  000 

202.671.000 

28,826.000 
152,934.000 
15.000.000 
3.000,000 

99,681,000 

• 
* 
* 
* 

* 

* 
• 
* 

38  000  000 

Hungary   proper  

.  .  ..        152  934  000 

Croatia-Slavonia 

15  000  000 

3.000,000 

Total   Austria-Hungary 

208  934  000 

199.220,000 

8.000.000 
38,241,000 
6,044.000 
196.000 
204.908,000 
141,676.000 
0  iMiO  01-0 
170.530.000 
403.000 
4.035.1*00 
.317.000 
6.640.000 
78.520,000 
440,082,000 
24,011,000 
127,631.000 

* 

* 

4.296,000 

* 

144,149,000 
* 
139.999,000 
388,000 
3,452,000 
432.000 
5,560.000 

* 

* 
* 

• 
• 
• 

6.320,000 

• 

• 
* 
176,368,000 
512,000 
4.823,000 
* 
* 

* 
• 

8  000  000 

Bulgaria   

.  .  ..          46  212.000 

Denmark 

7  979  000 

Finland  

130.000 

France   

225  132  000 

Germany 

141  676  000 

6  000  000 

Italy                      

170541*000 

200  000 

6  143  000 

Norway               ...           

269  000 

6  571  000 

Roumania    

.  ...          80,241.000 

Russia  —  Russia  proper  

525  450  000 

Poland 

Northern  Caucasia  

127.756,000 

Total  Russia    (European)  .  . 
Serbia  

653,206.000 
10.000  000 

591.724.000 
10,000,000 
152,329,000 
8,979,000 
4,053.000 
54.941.000. 
1.466.000 
2,336,000 
2.916,000 

g 

142,674,000 
6,864,000 
4.556,000 
57,397,000 
1.726.000 
2.510.000 
4.717,000 

135,709,000 
135.709,000 
6,616,000 
7,095.000 

* 
* 

Spain  

139298000 

§weden 

9  170  000 

tvitzerland 

3  957  000 

nited  Kingdom  —  England  
Wales 

68,437,000 
1  415  000 

Scotland   .  . 

3.053,000 
3.238,000 

Ireland    

Total  United  Kingdom  
Total  Europe 

76.143.000 
1  808  802  000 

61.659,000 
1,699,504.000 

323.008.000 
1,924.000 
30,137.000 
138.000 
6,146.000 
16.000.000 
44.132.000 
50.308,000 
126.000 

66.350,000 

* 

379,232.000 

34.739,000 

* 

• 
* 
* 

93.099.000 

379.829.000 
31,127,000 

* 
• 
• 
* 
• 

British  India 

376  731  000 

Cyprus    , 

2  000  000 

Japanese  empire  —  Japan       .  .    . 

25  798  000 

200  000 

Korea  

* 

Persia 

16  000  000 

58  025  000 

Siberia  

50.321  000 

Transcaucasia   

Total  Russia    (Asiatic)  

108346000 

94.566,000 
145,519.000 

• 
* 

* 
* 

Turkey   (Asia  Minor)  

35.000.000 

Total  Asia  
Algeria 

564,075.000 
34  654  000 

617,438,000 
29.151.000 
36.543.000 
7,165.000 
6,477,000 

* 

23,151,000 
29,834,000 
6,963,000 
4.790.000 

49.199,000 
32,^55,000 
8.451,000 
8,833.000 

Egypt  '..... 

39  148.000 

Tunis  .                  .                 .... 

11  023  000 

Union  of  South  Africa  , 

7.076.000 

Total  Africa  
Australia  —  Queensland 

91.901.000 
1  635  000 

79,336,000 
427,000 
68,869.000 
60,366.000 
35,210,000 
18,811,000 
1,025,000 

2.463,000 
36.585.000 
51,162.000 
45,745,000 
16,103.000 
348.000 

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
• 

New  South  Wales.  .  . 

13  235  000 

Victoria  

4  065  000 

South  Australia 

2  369  000 

Western    Australia  
Tasmania  

2.707.000 
396.000 

Total  commonwealth  
New  Zealand  

...           25.677.000 
6.854.000 

184,709.000 
7.108.000 

152,420.000 
5.083.000 

114,866.000 
6.761,000 

Total    Australasia  
•No  official  data. 

32,531.000 

191,  817,000 

157.503,000 

121.627,000 

182 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


CORN    CROP    OF    COUNTRIES    NAMED     (1915-1918). 

1915.  1916.  1917.  1918. 

Country  Bushels.  Bushels.  Bushels.  Bushels. 

United   States...  2.994,793,000     2,566.927.000    3,065.233,000  2.582.814,000 

Canada  14,368.000  6.282,000  7,763,000  6947000 

Mexico    .  60.000.000        110.065.000  •  °,y*,,uu 


167,307.000 

4,050,000 

180,550.000 

25,000.000 

7.000,000 


222.550,000 
35.000,000 
14,000.000 

121,824,000 

9.275,000 

86,412,000 

44.655.000 

18.743,000 


220,600.000 
35,000.000 
17,104,000 
81,547,000 
9.275,000 
86,412,000 
62,207,000 
18,520.000 


Total  North  America 3,069,161,000     2,683,274,000 

Argentina    .                  338,235,000       .161,133,000 

Chile. 1.822.000             1,570!000 

Uruguay 11.382.000             4.604,000 

Total  South  America 351.439,000 

Austria-Hungary— Austria 10.000,000 

Hungary  proper 180.550,000 

Croatia-Slavonia   25.000,000 

Bosnia-Herzegovina     7.000.000 

Total  Austria-Hungary 

Bulgaria    

France 

Italy   

Portugal    

Roumania   

Russia— Russia    proper 

Northern    Caucasia 

Total  Russia 

Serbia 

Spain 

Switzerland 

Total  Europe 

India    

Japan   

Philippines 

Total  Asia 100,523.000 

Algeria  ..  9,350,000  * 

Egypt    .                                                             39.803,000          68302,000 
Union  of  South  Africa 30.750.000          26.304.000 

Total  Africa 

Australian  commonwealth 

New  Zealand 

Total   Australasia 9,005.000  7,134,000 

Grand  total 4.094.480.000    3.642.103,000 

*No  official  statistica. 


58.839,000   .    170,660.000 


16.215.000 
75  4  5;?,  J  00 


63,398,000 

12.000.000 

29.096.000 

7,000 


80,727.000 

12,000.000 

28,642,000 

150.000 


29.369.000 
252  COO 


24.141.000 
358,000 


593.555,000 

82,200,000 

3.570.000 

14.753,000 


571,457.000 

100.080.000 

4,102,000 

14,083,000 


93.760,000 

3.705,000 

13.441.000 


118,265,000 


110,906,000 

302.000 

63.757,000 

36.516,000 


29.708.000 


70,903,000 

8.721,000 

284,000 


94.666,000 

6,794,000 

340,000 


100,575.000 

8,527,000 

274.000 


425,000 


8,801,000 


OTHER   CROPS    BY    COUNTRIES. 
Figures  incomplete  on  account  of  war. 


Oats   (1918). 

Country.  Bushels. 

United    States. . .  1,538,359,000 

Canada     380,274,000 

Argentina  75,783,000 

Uruguay    

Italy 41,336,000 

Luxemburg    1,459,000 


Netherlands 


17,182,000 


Spain    30,474,000 

Sweden     64,684,000 

United    Kingdom    309,564,000 

Algeria    26,564,000 

Tunis   3,858.000 

9,850,000 
4,943,000 
(1918). 

256,375,000 
77,290,000 
9,186,000 


Australasia    . . . 
New    Zealand . . 
Barley 
United    States.. 

Canada     

Italy   

Luxemburg    — 
Netherlands 


136,000 
2,176,000 


Spain    90,496,000 

Sweden    12,947,000 

United  Kingdom.  65,029,000 

Japan    76,052,000 

Algeria    58,422,000 

Egypt    9,871,000 

Tunis 9,186,000 

Rye  (1918). 

United   States...  89,103,000 

Canada 10,376,000 

Denmark    12,716.000 

Italy    4.724,000 

Luxemburg    422,000 


Country. 
Netherlands 

Spain    

Sweden     . .  . 
Switzerland 


Bushels. 
10,207,000 
30,445,000 
25,648,000 

1,850,000 


Flaxseed  (1917). 


United    States. . 
Canada     . . 
Argentina 


Uruguay 

France    

Italy    

Netherlands 

Spain    

British  India 

Rice 
Country. 


9,164,000 
5,935,000 
•  3,996,000 
122,000 
134.000 
323,000 
222.000 
22,000 
21,040.000 
(1917). 

Pounds. 


United   States....     964,972,000 

Guatemala   20,733,000 

Brazil    204,327,000 

Peru   101,805,000 

Italy    716.359,000 

Spain     322,130,000 

British  India  ...80,516.800,000 

Japan     18,792,894,000 

Philippines     1,671,684,000 

Egypt     487,163,000 

Potatoes  (1917). 

Country.  Bushels. 

United    States...      438.618.000 

Canada     79,892,000 

Denmark    31,882,000 

France    401.336,000 

Italy    48,112,000 

Luxemburg   ....  5.925,000 

Netherlands    89.-858.000 


Country.  Bushels. 

Norway    42.584.000 

|Pam 113.477,000 

Sweden  83.700,000 

Switzerland    38.580.000 

United  Kingdom.     321.209000 

Japan    

Algeria    

Australia    

New    Zealand. 


36,924,000 
2,756,000 

13,326,000 
4.992,000 
Cotton  (1917). 


Country. 
United    States... 
Porto  Rico   . . 

St.    Croix '. 

Barbados    

British  India 

Korea    

Egypt    


Bales. 
11.302.000 
268 
16 
24 
3,377.000 

52,189 

1.347.000 

Tobacco  (1917). 
..Country.  Pounds. 

United  States  ...1.249,608,000 
Porto    Rico    ....        17,114146 

Canada    8.495.00Q 

Dominican  Rep. .       28,750  000 

Brazil    56.788.527 

Uruguay    558,425 

France    17,142,308 

Switzerland   881  840 

Japan 91.766,475 

Philippines    107,868,000 

Algeria    36,155.000 

Un.   S.  Africa....          6.999,825 

Hops  (1917). 

United    States —       29,388.000 
France 3.936.975 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


183 


_  Country. 
England   

Pounds. 
24.720,528 
1.752.240 
>17). 
Bushels. 
15.283,000 
1.274,000 
5,955,000 
2.526,000 
91.000 
3.793.000 
147,467,000 
19.000 

it). 

3.026,000 
463.000 
2.529,000 
2,225.000 
567,000 
242,000 

Sugar  (1917 
Cane. 
Country. 
United  States  .... 

1918). 

Short  Tons. 
245,600 
576,700 
450,000 
38,580 
56,769 
4,020,160 
172,800 
30,864 
97,086 
302,627 
1,543 
280,000 
3,616,480 
518,089 
399,033 
249,887 
130.000 

Beet    (Ra 
Country. 
United  States  
Austria-Hungary 
Denmark    

*). 
Short  Tons. 
765,207 
584!219 
147,708 
220,752 
220,434 
1,373,400 
1,904 
917). 
Pounds.. 
6.217.034 
451,948 
154,323 
187.393 
143.3OO 
2.293,000 
15.333,146 
34.061,410 
231.485 
11.  02  A 

Australia    .  . 

Beans  (li 
Country. 
United    States.... 
Canada    

Porto   Rico  

Netherlands    .. 
Russia  
Australia    
Raw  Silk  (1 
Country. 
Italy    

France    

Tobag-e   
Cuba 

Netherlands   .... 
Sweden    

Dominican   Rep.. 
Guadaloupe    .... 
Argentina    ...  ... 

United  Kingdom. 
British   India  

France  

Peas  (19 
Canada           .  . 

Paraguay     
Peru         

Spain     

Austria  .  .    . 

France   

British    India.  .  .  . 

Central   Asia... 
China    
Japan    

Netherlands    
United  Kingdom. 
Australia    
New  Zealand  .  .  . 

Philippines    

British  India  
Indo-China  .  . 

Natal    

State.          * 
Maine     ..... 
New  Hamp.. 
Vermont    .  . 
Mass'ch'setts 
Rhode  Island 
Connecticut  . 
New    York.. 
New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware    .  . 
Maryland     . 
Virginia     .  . 
W.  Virginia. 
N.    Carolina. 
S.  Carolina. 
Georgia    .  .  . 
Florida   
Ohio 

'Acres. 
27 
28 
45 
40 
13 
56 
820 
279 
1.560 

lig 

2.000 
800 
3,065 
2.250 
4,590 
880 
3,700 
5,138 
9,900 
1,610 
1,717 
2,750 
10,434 
6,693 
484 
3,182 
6.954 
6,130 
3.600 
3.500 
4.636 
3.900 
1.850 
6.900 
3.250 
2.700 
100 
40 
527 
170 
34 
24 

23 
43 

44 
85 

Corn 
Yield, 
bu. 
45.0 
45.0 
38.0 
52.0 
44.0 
50.0 
36.0 
41.0 
40.0 
31.0 
35.0 
28.0 
31.0 
21.0 
17.0 
15.0 
16.0 
36.0 
33.0 
35.5 
30.0 
40.5 
40.0 
36.0 
20.0 
19.0 
34.0 
17.7 
7.1 
26.0 
24.0 
14.6 
17.0 
16.0 
10.0 
7.5 
13.0 
21.0 
25.0 
21.0 
25.0 
28.0 
28.0 
32.0 
40.0 
38.0 
31.0 
35.0 

(• 
•Bushel., 

1,260 
1.710 
2.080 
572 
2,800 
29,520 
11,439 
62,400 
7,285 
24,010 
56,000 
24,800 
64,365 
38,250 
68,850 
14,080 
133,200 
169,554 
351,450 
48,300 
69,538 
110,000 
375.624 
133,860 
9.196 
108.188 
123,086 
43,523 
93,600 

6874:608°a0 

66.300 
29,600 
69,000 
24,375 
35,100 
2,100 
1,000 
11,067 
4,250 
952 
672 
64 
920 
1.634 
1,364 
2.975 

Indicates 

•Value. 
$2,029 
1.890 
2,907 
3,536 
1,030 
4,788 
51,660 
17,158 
96,720 
9,908 
32,414 
89,600 
44,640 
113,926 
74,588 
113,602 
19,430 
173,160 
201,769 
421,740 
62,790 
90,399 
122,100 
458,261 
191,420 
11.955 
119,007 
157,550 
64,849 
136.656 
121,800 
100,175 
100,113 
47,656 
121,440 
39,975 
63,180 
2.835 
1.400 
14.940 
7.650 
1,999 
1,216 
134 
1.684 
2,778 
2,114 
5,742 

000  omitted.) 
State. 
S.  Carolina. 
Georgia  

•Acres. 
205 
356 

2]346 
2,524 
715 
58 
69 
300 
3.074 
115 
3,016 
7,217 
933 
750 
140 
30 
892 
2.611 
254 
682 
80 
430 
127 
38 
160 
5 
298 
401 
635 
506 

Yield, 
bu. 
11.0 
10.2 
19.0 
21.0 
21.5 
14.0 
22.0 
20.0 
20.5 
17.2 
17.0 
11.1 
14.1 
13.0 
10.0 
9.5 
16.5 

io.o 

12.6 
12.0 
12.0 
24.0 
16.5 
10.0 
26.0 
16.6 
29.0 
22.0 
23.5 
17.0 
15.0 

•Bushels. 
2.255 
3,631 
43,225 
49.266 
54.266 
10,010 
1,276 
1,380 
6,150 
52.873 
1.955 
33.478 
101.760 
12.129 
7.500 
1.330 
495 
8,920 
32,899 
3.048 
8,184 
1.920 
7,095 

'988 
2,656 
145 
6,556 
9.424 
10.795 
7,590 

•Value. 
$5.863 
9,658 
91,637 
102,473 
112.873 
20,921 
2,616 
2,815 
12.300 
108.390 
3,890 
65.952 
202,502 
25.956 
16,050 
3,268 

19^178 
66,127 
6.309 
15.877 
3.629 
13,835 
2,667 
2,371 
4,993 
299 
12,588 
18,471 
21,698 
16,394 

Indiana  .... 
Illinois  
Michigan   .  . 
Wisconsin  .. 
Minnesota    . 
Iowa  .  .    . 

Missouri  .  .  . 
S.  Dakota.  . 
Nebraska    .  . 
Kansas 
Kentucky  .. 
Tennessee  .. 
Alabama    .  . 
Mississippi.  . 
Texas  

Oklahoma... 
Arkansas  .  . 
Montana  ... 
Wyoming  ... 
Colorado  .  .  . 
New  Mexico 
Arizona  .... 
Utah 

Indiana    .  .  . 
Illinois     .... 
Michigan  .  . 
Wisconsin    . 
Minnesota    . 
Iowa    

Missouri     .  . 
N.    Dakota. 
3.  Dakota.  . 
Nebraska    .. 
Kansas     .  .  . 
Kentucky     . 
Tennessee     . 
Alabama    .  . 
Mississippi  .  . 
Louisiana    . 
Texas    
Oklahoma... 
Arkansas  ... 
Montana  .  .  . 
Wyoming    .  . 
Colorado   .  .  . 
New  Mexico 
Arizona  .... 
Utah     

Nevada  
Idaho 

Washington  . 
Oregon    .... 
California  ,. 

U.  S  

36,704      15.2     558.449  1.154,200 
Spring  Wheat. 
23      22.0             506        J1.199 
18     22.0              396              915 
50     20.0          1,000          2,150 
15     21.5             322             683 
7     23.0             161             335 
250     26.9          6,725        13  988 
39      18.1              706          1,476 
348      24.6           8,561        17.55O 
3.730     21.0        78.330      159  793 
750     18.0        13,500        27JOOO 
18      15.6              281              576 
7,770      13.0      101,010      205  05a 
3,650      19.0        69,350      138,006 
812      11.9          9,663        19,036 
31        8.0              248              494 
1,380      12.5        17.250        33,465 
180     26.0          4,680          8845 
312      20.0          6,240        12168 
86     '£4.0          2.064          4,334 
160     £3.8          3.808          7459 
37      25.0              925           1,906 
547     21.0        11.487       22055 
1,790        9.5        17,005        33.330 
403      11.0          4.433          8^10 

Maine   .. 
Vermont   ... 
New  York.. 
Ohio 

Indiana  
Illinois    .... 
Michigan   .  . 
Wisconsin  .  . 
Minnesota    . 
Iowa    
Missouri   ... 
N.   Dakota.. 
S.  Dakota.  . 
Nebraska  .. 
Kansas  .... 
Montana    .  . 
Wyoming  .  . 
Colorado    .  . 
New  Mexico 
Utah  
Nevada  .... 
[daho    
Washington  . 
Oregon  

U.  S  " 

Nevada  
Idaho  

Washington  . 
Oregon  
California    . 

US            1 

07,494      24.0  2,582,814  3,528,313 
Winter  Wheat. 
380     18.0          6.840     $14,706 
100      17.0           1.700           3,655 
1,454      17.0        24,718        52,897 
133      13.0           1,729          3,838 
732      15.5        11,346        24,848 
1.300      12.0        15,600        34,164 
348      14.2          4,942        10,922 
1.015        7.0          7.105        16,342 

New  York.. 
New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware  .  . 
Maryland   .  . 
Virginia  .... 
W.  Virginia. 
N.  Carolina. 

22,406 

16.0 

358.651 

720,423 

184 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


r 

State.          * 
Maine  

Acres. 
169 
24 
103 
12 
2 
24 
1,260 
85 
1.210 
5 
60 
225 
160 
325 
500 
600 
60 
1.800 
2.025 
4.508 
1.658 
2.364 
3.282 
5,466 
1,524 
2.575 
2,160 
2.531 
2.329 
400 
325 
428 
280 
80 
1.510 
1.380 
442 
680 

"45 
11 
98 
14 
237 
310 
361 
175 

Oats. 
Yield. 

4^6 
38.0 
41.0 
40.0 
42.0 
38.0 
41.0 
40.0 
39.0 
35.0 
33.0 
23.0 
27.0 
20.0 
2°  0 
20iO 
18.0 
44.0 
42.0 
44.0 
40.0 
46.6 
41.0 
42.0 
29.0 
23.5 
39.0 
22.2 
22.0 
24.0 
25.0 
19.0 
20.0 
25.0 
14.7 
24.0 
25.5 
30.0 
41.0 
33.0 
38.0 
40.0 

38  !o 
40.0 
27.0 
25.0 
32.0 

•Bushels. 
6.760 
912 
4.223 
480 
84 
912 
51.660 
3.400 
47.190 
175 
1.980 
5,175 
4,320 
6,500 
1  1.000 
12,000 
1,080 
79.200 
§5,050 
8,352 
66.320 
110.162 
134.562 
229.572 
44.196 
60,512 
84.240 
56.188 
61.238 
9.600 
8,125 
8,132 
5,600 
2,000 
22.197 
'  33,120 
11,271 
20.400 
11,685 
9,669 
1,260 
440 
4,410 
532 
9.480 
8,370 
9,025 
5,600 

1 

*Value. 
86,084 
793 
3.801 
437 
76 
§21 
94 
2.686 
37.752 
152 
1.703 
5.175 
3.931 
7.020 
12.980 
14.280 
1,242 
55.440 
56,984 
132,896 
45,761 
73,809 
84.774 
146,926 
30.93-7 
36,912 
49.702 
36,522 
37,404 
8,640 
7.556 
8.701 
6,992 
1.980 
20,421 
27.821 
9,918 
16.320 
9.348 
7.735 
1.121 
628 
4.278 
628 
8.911 
8.203 
8.664 
5264 

State.          *Acres. 
Oregon  ....          178 
California    .      1.320 

Yield, 
bu. 
25.0 
26.0 

*Bushels. 
4.450 
34.320 

•Value. 
$6,052 
39,468 

New  Hamp. 
Vermont  .  .  . 
Mass'ch'setts 
.Rhode  Island 
Connecticut. 
New  York.. 
JSTew  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware  .  . 
Maryland  .  . 
Virginia  
W,  Virginia. 
N.  Carolina. 
S.  Carolina. 
Georgia    .  .  . 
Florida    .... 
Ohio   

U    S  9679 

26.5 
Rye. 
21.0 
20.0 
22.0 
16.5 
18.5 
17.0 
14.5 
15.0 
12.0 
13.7 
8.0 
11.2 
8.8 
17.0 
16.5 
19.0 
14.3 
17.6 
20.0 
19.0 
14.0 
10.5 
18.0 
12.9 
14.3 
13.6 
10.0 
11.0 
5.4 
11.0 
10.5 
12.0 
18.0 
12.0 
13.0 
15.0 
10.0 
12.0 

256,375 

20 
57 
144 
2.375 
1.276 
4.165 
16 
400 
1.200 
270 
520 
170 
133 
1.872 
4,110 
2.100 
4,774 
7.585 
C.716 
900 
441 
9,880 
6.560 
3,354 
1,540 
525 
196 
38 
20 
90 
27 
114 
280 
432 
104 
46 
89 
394 

235,269 

$35 
182 
496 
3.179 
2.336 
7.012 
24 
765 
2.100 
542 
950 
596 
370 
2.830 
10.283 
5,700 
10.125 
11.511 
13,050 
1.508 
776 
29.612 
14.594 
6.757 
4,133 
1,423 
576 
115 
52 
165 
44 
346 
684 
454 
374 
99 
140 
1.009 

Vermont   ...              1 
Mass'ch'setts             4 
Connecticut.            11 
New  York..         112 
New  Jersey.            73 
Pennsylvania        250 
Delaware  .  .              1 
Maryland  ...           30 
Virginia  .  .  .         100 
W.  Virginia.           22 
N.  Carolina  .            60 
S.  Carolina.            18 
Georgia  .....           20 
Ohio                       111 

Indiana  
Illinois  
Michigan   .  . 
Wisconsin  .. 
Minnesota    . 
Iowa   
Missouri  .  .  . 
N.  Dakota  .  . 
S.  Dakota.  . 
Nebraska   .. 
Kansas  .... 
Kentucky   .  . 
Tennessee  .. 
Alabama  ... 
Mississippi.  . 
Louisiana  .. 
Texas       .... 

Indiana  410 
Illinois  200 
Michigan  ..         472 
Wisconsin  ..         436 
Minnesota   .         435 
Iowa         54 

Missouri  ..  .            34 
N.   Dakota..      1.945 
S.    Dakota..         575 
Nebraska   ..          388 
Kansas    ....          170 
Kentucky  ..            65 
Tennessee  ..            30 
Alabama  ...              4 
Texas  4 
Oklahoma    . 
Arkansas  .  .               2 
Montana    .  .            20 
Wyoming  .  .            25 
Colorado  ..  .            27 
Utah  16 

Oklahoma    . 
Arkansas  .  . 
Montana  ... 
"Wyoming  .  . 
Colorado... 
:New  Mexico 
Arizona  .... 
Utah  .. 

[daho  4 

Washington  . 
Oregon    ....            41 

Nevada  .... 
Idaho  
Washington. 
Oregon  
California  .. 

U.  S  6.185 
F 
Minnesota  ..         300 
Iowa                          13 

14.4 
laxseed 
10.4 
11.0 
8.0 
7.8 
9:5 
9.5 
5.0 
5.2 
9.0 

62.933 

2,090 
132 
51 
3.764 
980 
28 
336 
1.749 
20 
14 

134.947 

$10.639 
458 
144 
23.681 
4.446 
125 
676 
9.613 
88 

Missouri  ...              6 
N.  Dakota..          880 
S.   Dakota..          144 
Nebraska   ..              4 
Kansas  ....            41 
Montana  .  .  .         547 
Wyoming  .  .              3 
Colorado  

u.  s  

Maine  

44,400 

12 
1 
16 

•fl 

6 
12 
100 
45 
250 
275 
711 
1.400 
360 
10 
1,734 
1,400 
343 
604 
7 
8 
10 
8 
87 
30 
176 
14 
30 
32 
12 
175 
173 

34.6  1,538.359  1.092.423 
Barley. 
25.0             300           $447 
32.0                32                48 
31.0              496              759 
31.5          3,938          4.962 
28.0              420              504 
31.0              186              223 
27.0              324              518 
§1.5          3,150          2,930 
7.0          1.665          1.732 
36.0          9.000          8.100 
30.3           8.332           8.332 
35.7        25.383        23.352 
31.0        43,400        34.720 
31.5        11.340          9.639 
25.0              250              288 
21.5       37,281        27.215 
29.5        41,300        32,214 
16.5          5,660          4.811 
10.0           6,040          5,738 
28.0              196              274 
23.0              184              280 
17.0              170              221 
17.0              136              169 
22.0           1,914          1.914 
37.0           1.110           1,443 
28.0          4,928          5.569 
28.0,             392              431 
34.0,         1.020           1.326 
35.0.          1,120           1.568 
34.0              408              628 
28.0          4.900          6.370 
15.2          2.630          3.024 

Uew  Hamp. 
Vermont    .  .  . 
3Sew   York.. 
Pennsylvania 
Maryland  .  . 
Virginia    ... 
Ohio 

U    S  1,938 

7.6 
Rice. 
20.0 
23.0 
26.0 
24.0 
45.0 
25.0 
23.0 
31.0 
32.0 
43.0 
66.0 

9.164 

8 
75 
27 
21 
18 
11 
63 
15,500 
7,140 
6,232 
5,644 

49.870 

$20 
203 
54 
41 

104 
35.061 
15,445 
13.158 
13.321 

N.  Carolina,         500 
S.  Carolina.      4,500 
Georgia    ....      1,200 
Florida  1.200 
Missouri   ...         550 
Alabama    .  .          600 
Mississippi..      3,000 
Louisiana  ..580.000 
Texas    245.000 
Arkansas   .  .170.000 
California  ..106,220 

Indiana  
Illinois  

Michigan   .  . 
Wisconsin  .. 
Minnesota    . 
Iowa  

Missouri  ... 
N.  Dakota  .  . 
S.  Dakota  .  . 
Nebraska  ... 

Kentucky  .  . 
Tennessee  .. 
Texas  
Oklahoma  .. 
Montana   ... 
Wyoming  .  . 
Colorado   ... 
New  Mexico 
Arizona   .  .  . 
Utah  
Nevada  
Idaho    
Washington. 

U.  S  1.112.770 
Bu 
Maine         .  .            21 

36.3        34,739 
ckwheat. 
20.0             420 
17.0                34 
21.0             294 
16.0                32 
19.0              152 
15.0          4.725 
18.0              306 
18.0          5.850 
20.5                 82 

77.474 

$630 
68 
470 
63 
319 
8.269 
520 
9.360 
117 

New  Hamp.               2 
Vermont   ...            14 
Mass'ch'setts            2 
Connecticut. 
New   York..          315 
New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania        325 
Delaware   .  .              4 

ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


185 


Yield. 

Yield. 

State.           *i 

bu. 

•Bushels. 

•Value. 

State.           *Acres. 

bu. 

•Bushels. 

•Value. 

Maryland  .  . 

14 

20.0 

280 

$462 

Kentucky    .  .           13 

95 

1.235 

$2.161 

Virginia   .  .  . 

38 

21.0 

%    798 

1.301 

Tennessee    .  .           30 

98 

2.940 

3,998 

W.  Virginia. 

47 

19.5 

916 

1,585 

Alabama    .  .          153 

96 

14.688 

16.891 

N.  Carolina. 

14 

21.0 

294 

441 

Mississippi..           89 

95 

8.455 

8,793 

Ohio  

28 

16.0 

448 

699 

Louisiana  ..            65 

75 

4.875 

6,240 

Indiana  .... 

24 

15.0 

360 

576 

Texas    87 

58 

5.046 

8.830 

Illinois 

4 

17.8 

71 

128 

Oklahoma    .            15 

65 

975 

2.145 

Michigan  .  . 

78 

10.0 

780 

1,326 

Arkansas   .  .            38 

90 

3,420 

4.720 

\Visconsin   .  • 

40 

15.9 

636 

1.049 

New  Mexico             2 

125 

250 

625 

Minnesota  . 

15 
-i  & 

17.0 

1  *^  A 

255 

434 

432 

California  ..              6 

170 

1.020 

1,530 

Iowa  ....... 
Missouri  .  . 

lo 

•7 

-LO.U 

13  0 

~91 

164 

US...             922 

93  6 

86,334 

116,867 

Nebraska  .  . 

2 

14.0 

28 

46 

Tnbacc.n 

Tennessee  .. 

5 

18.0 

90 

126 

Yield. 

U.  S  ~ 

T.040 

16.5" 

17,182 

28,585 

State.             Acres. 
Mass'ch'setts  10,000 

Ibs. 
1.500 

•Pounds. 
15,000 

•Value. 

$6.000 

p 

ytatoes 

Connecticut.  25,000 

1,500 

37.500 

16.500 

"M"  i  t* 

112 

200 

22,400 

$26,880 

New   York..      3.000 

1.250 

3.750 

1,125 

New  Hamp. 
Vermont 

21 

26 

140 
130 

2,940 
3,380 

4,263 
4.664 

Pennsylvania  45.600 
Maryland   ..    28,600 

1,420 
830 

64,752 
23,738 

16,188 
7,121 

Mass'ch'setts 
Rhode  Island 
Connecticut  . 
New  York.  . 

36 
5 
26 

380 

133 
130 
95 

92 

4,788 
650 
2.470 
34.960 

8.140 
1,124 
4.076 
42,651 

Virginia    ...190.000 
W.  Virginia.   13,600 
N.  Carolina.  400.000 
S.  Carolina.    86,400 

770 
720 
705 
720 

146,300 
9,792 
282,000 
62,208 

38.038: 
2,546 
101.  52O 

18,662 

New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware   .  . 
Maryland 

92 
305 
11 
50 

92 

80 
87 
80 

8,464 
24,400 
957 
4,000 

14,389 
36,844 
1.340 
4,800 

Georgia    .  .  .      2.900 
Florida    ..          4,600 
Ohio    115.600 
Indiana    .  .  .    16,300 

920 
960 
980 
930 

2.668 
4.416 
113.288 
15.159 

1,334 
2,031 
30,588 
3,032 

Virginia 

125 

94 

11,750 

14,100 

Illinois    700 

V60 

532 

90 

W.  Virginia. 

60 

87 

5.220 

8.352 

Wisconsin  ..   49,000 

1.330 

65,170 

19.551 

N  Carolina  . 

45 

95 

4.275 

5.771 

Missouri    .  .      3,300 

900 

2.970 

742 

S  Carolina  . 

28 

102 

2.856 

5.512 

Kentucky     .  475.000 

900 

427.500 

98.325 

Georgia  .  .  . 

23 

70 

1,610 

2.978 

Tennessee    .    77,800 

800 

62.240 

10,581 

Florida 

35 

100 

3,500 

7,000 

Alabama    .  .      1,000 

700 

700 

210 

Ohio 

160 

69 

11,040 

16,560 

Louisiana  ..          300 

420 

.126 

82 

97 

80 

7  760 

10  476 

Texas  

Indiana  .  .  . 
Illinois  

160 

72 

ll!520 

17,050 
°5  418 

Arkansas  .  .         300 

700 

210 

52 

Michigan  .  . 
Wisconsin  .  . 

340 
295 

112 

33!040 

261432 

U.  S  1,549,000 

865.1 

1.340.019 

374.31& 

Minnesota  .  . 

312 

105 

32,760 

24.570 

Hay  (Tame). 

Iowa  .  .  .  •>  .  •  • 

134 

72 

9,648 

12.832 

Yield 

Missouri  ... 
N.  Dakota.. 
S.  Dakota  .  . 
Nebraska  .  . 

114 
90 
90 
121 

61 
99 
91 

86 

6,954 
8.910 
8,190 
10.406 

10,640 
6,504 
7,617 
12.279 

State.            •  Acres. 
Maine  1,196 
New  Hamp.          472 
Vermont   ...         993 

tons. 
1.15 
1.15 
1.30 

•Tons. 
1.375 
543 
1,291 

•Value, 
$19.112 
10.208 
21.043 

Kansas  .... 
Kentucky  .. 
Tennessee  .  . 
Alabama  .  . 
Mississippi.  . 
Louisiana  .  . 
Texas  
Oklahoma  .. 
Arkansas  .  . 
Montana  ... 
Wyoming  .  . 
Colorado  ..  . 
New  Mexico 

80 
75 
50 
60 
20 
55 
60 
37 
48 
52 
30 
72 
10 

53 
75 
70 
80 
80 
79 
55 
34 
50 
135 
150 
158 
100 

4,240 
5,625 
3.500 
4,800 
1,600 
4,345 
3,300 
1,258 
2,400 
7,020 
4,500 
11,376 
1,000 

9^281 
5,775 
8,688 
2,640 
6,518 
6,600 
2,453 
4,416 
5,616 
3,825 
11,262 
1,600 

Mass'ch'setts        469 
Rhode  Island          58 
Connecticut  .         403 
New  York  .  .      4,300 
New  Jersey.         350 
Pennsylvania    3,030 
Delaware  .  .            80 
Maryland    ..          473 
Virginia    ...      1,142 
W.  Virginia.         798 
N.  Carolina  .         590 
S.  Carolina.          260 
Georgia    .  .  .          683 

1.20 
1.30 
1.30 
1.25 
1.40 
1.41 
1.25 
1.35 
1.35 
1.30 
1.16 
1.10 
.90 

563 
75 
524 
5.375 
490 
4,272 
100 
639 
1,542 
1,037 
684 
286 
615 

14,638 
1.912 
12,576 
109.650 
13,720 
101,246 
2.800 
17.125 
35.466 
24,370 
14,364 
7,465 
14.452 

Arizona  .  .  . 
Utah  
Nevada  
Idaho  
Washington  . 
Oregon  .... 
California  .. 

5 
20 
9 
29 
65 
50 
90 

85 
180 
171 
180 
132 
110 
143 

425 
3.600 
1,539 
5,220 
8.580 
5.500 
12,870 

3,492 
1.893 
4.228 
8.666 
5.500 
15,444 

Florida    ....          105 
Ohio   2.925 
Indiana    .           2.210 
Illinois    3.372 
Michigan   .  .      2.598 
Wisconsin  ..      2,582 
Minnesota    .       1,850 

1.14 
1.40 
1.45 
1.35 
1.03 
1.37 
1.40 

120 
4.095 
3,204 
4.552 
2,676 
3,537 
2,590 

2,220 
90,909 
63.439 
95.592 
62.886 
76,399 
36,519 

U    S  

4,210 

1)5.0 

400,106 

478.136 

Iowa   3,297 
Missouri              2  989 

1.30 
90 

4,286 
2,690 

78,005 
55  145 

Sweet   Potatoes. 

N.   Dakota!!         '522 

ji.'io 

'574 

8!380 

New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania 

23 

1 
5 

125 
120 

2,875 
•     120 
600 

$5,462 

750 

S.  Dakota  .  .          772 
Nebraska   .  .      1,701 
Kansas    .....      1,869 

;   1.60 

,1.40 
1.40 

1.235 
2.381 
2.617 

12.350 
40.953 
50,770 

Maryland 

11 

130 

1,430 

2,145 

Kentucky   ..      1.072 

1.30 

1.394 

33.038 

Virginia   .  .  . 
W.  Virginia. 
N.  Carolina. 
S.  Carolina. 
Georgia  .... 
Florida   .... 
Ohio 

«O 

2 
81 
80 
130 
36 
1 

120 
106 
110 
95 
92 
110 
96 

3,360 
212 
8.910 
7.600 
11.960 
3.960 
96 

4,872 
432 
11.761 
10.792 
14.950 
4,950 
168 

Tennessee  ..      1.200 
Alabama    .  .       1,596 
Mississippi..          347 
Louisiana  ..          200 
Texas   ,581 
Oklahoma    .          564 
Arkansas  ...          403 

1.35 
.81 
1.20 
1.30 
1.00 
1.20 
,1.30 

1.620 
1,293 
416 
260 
581 
677 
524 

38.880 
26.248 
7.696 
5,512 
14.467 
13.202 
10,218 

Indiana  .  .  . 
Illinois 

3 

8 

108 
82 

324 
656 

632 
1,148 

Montana   ...          767 
Wyoming    ..          580 

'  1.60 
.2.10 

1.227 
1.218 

24,049 
17.052 

Iowa 

3 

93 

279 

586 

Colorado    .  .          951 

2.15 

2.045 

31.698 

Missouri  .  .  . 
Kansas    

8 
4 

91 
80 

728 
320 

1.354 
710 

New   Mexico         164 
Arizona    ...           150 

2.20 
3.20 

361 
480 

7,220 
11.52O 

186 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


Yield. 
State.          *Acres.     tons. 
Utah  434     2.35 
Nevada  ....          221     2.60 
Idaho                      667     2  90 

•Tons. 
1.0.20 
575 
1.934 
1.429 
1.467 
2.970 

•Value. 
$17.442 
11.442 
34,038 
36,297 
29.340 
59.400 

Broom  Corn. 
Yield, 
State.              Acres,     tons.        Tons.        *Value. 
Illinois    ....    31.000   0.290           9.000        $3600 
Kansas     .  .  .    58,000      .147           8.500           1,488 
Texas    74.000      .260        19.200          4.992 
Oklahoma    .140.000      .115        16.100          2608 
Colorado    .  .    30,000      .175          5,200             910 

Washing-ton           794     1.8Q' 
Oreg-on    ....           815     1.80 
California          2,376     1.25 

U    s  55  971     1.35 

75.459  1 

*  Bales. 
26 
870 
1,500 
2;iOO 
25 
820 
1.210 
525 
2.580 

330 
70 
550 
100 
51 
8 

522.473 

*Value. 
$3.445 
114.840 
207.000 
288.750 
5,375 
110,700 
168.190 
72,188 
363,780 
129.965 
44.055 
9,450 
70.125 
15,000 
12,240 
1.104 

Total   333,000      .174        58.000        13.598 
Cranberries 
Yield, 
State.             Acres.       brls.     Barrels.      *Value. 
Mass'ch'setts  14.000     14.3     200.000        $2,500 
New    Jersey.  11.000      10.4     114.000             969 
Wisconsin    .      2,200      16.4        36.100             325 

Cotton. 
Yield. 
State.           *Acres.       Ibs. 
Virginia    ..             46      270 
N.  Carolina        1,565       265 
S.  Carolina        3,047      235 
Georgia    .  .        5,338       188 
Florida  ....           154         78 
Alabama  ..       2.451       160 
Mississippi.        3,132       185 
Louisiana  .        1.560       161 
Texas   11,235       110 
Arkansas   .        2,888       155* 
Tennessee  .           940      168 
Missouri  ..           156      215 
Oklahoma  .       3,095         8,5 
California              181       265 
Arizona  ...             87      280 
Other  15       258 

Total     ....    27,200      12.9      350.100          3,794 
Oranges. 
•Boxes.      *  Value. 
Florida     5265      $13952 

California                                        14  322        78  771 

Total     19  587        92  723 

Grain  Sorghums.^ 
Yield, 
State.           *Acres.       bu.       *Bushels.  *Value. 
Kansas    2,139        9.4        20,107      $30.160 
Texas     1.605     15.0        24.075        36.112 
Oklahoma    .      1.526     10.0        15,260        22.890 
Colorado    .  .            92      19.0          1,748          2,552 
New  Mexico         199     18.0          3,582          5.373 
Arizona     ...            58      28.0           1,624          2,761 

U.  S  35  890  155  9 

11.700  1 

*Pounds. 
1.254 
2.939 
3.500 
12\500 

616.207 

•Value. 
$282 
441 
735 
2,500 

Hops* 
Yield. 
Acres.          Ibs. 
New  York..      3.800      330 
Washing-ton.      3.100      948 
Oregon  10.000      350 
California    .    11.000  1.136 

Total  5,619     11.8        66.396        99,848 
•000  omitted,      t  Kafirs,  milo  maize,  feterita. 

MISCELLANEOUS    CROPS    IN    1918. 
Production.      Farm  value. 
Apples,    barrels  173.632.000  $220.990.000 
Peaches,    bushels.,..   40.185.000        66.587.000 
Pears     bushels.         .    10.342000        14,200,000 

Total  27,900  723.8 
Peanuts. 
Yield. 
State.            Acres.       bu.     * 
Virginia    ...140.000     42 
N.  Carolina.  160.  000     45 
S.  Carolina..    14.000     45 
Georgia    ...362,000     28 
Florida   153,000     34 
Missouri   ...         400     40 
Tennessee   ..   18,000     38 
Alabama    ..747.000     23.4 
Mississippi..      5.000     31.5 
Louisiana  ..      4.500     24 
Texas   647000      11 

20.193 

Bushels. 
5.880 
7,200 
630 
10,136 
5,202 
16 
684 
17.480 
158 
108 
7.117 
440 
546 

3,958 

•Value. 
$11.936 
14,904 
1.840 
16.218 
8,011 
38 
1,211 
24,647 
240 
198 
14,661 
964 
961 

Cabbage,    tons...                 565.200        14.818.000 

Onions    bushels          .   13,438  200        16,268.000 

Broomcorn.   tons  53.000        13.598.000 
Sorghum  sirup,  gals.  29,224.000        28.035.000 
Maple   sugar,  Ibs....   53.512.000        12.074.000 
Hay  (wild),  tons....    14.374,000     219,185.000 

RANK    OF    STATES    BY    CROP    VALUES. 
,  —  Rank.  —  , 
State.                             Value.  1918.    1918.1917. 
Maine     $79.410.000        37        37 

Oklahoma    .    20,000     22 
Arkansas  .  .    21,000     26 

Total  ...2.291,900     24.3. 
Clover  Seed. 
New  York..      5.000        2.8 
Pennsylvania  12.000        1.3 
Ohio   126  000        1  1 

55,597 

14 
16 
139 
176 
298 
121 
101 
18 
22 
38 
6 
8 
34 
12 
78 
21 

95.829 

$252 
304 
2.850 
3,485 
5,662 
2.493 
2.101 
324 
438 
654 
102 
136 
666 
216 
1.599 
504 

Vermont                                 50  874  000        42        42 

Massachusetts    .  .»..          70,204,000        38        38 
Rhode    Island                         7  965  000        48        48 

Connecticut    .                      59,964.000        40        39 

New   York  447.216.000        11        12 
New   Jersev  103.321.000        35        34 
Pennsylvania    459,929,000        10        14 
Delaware                               26  290  000        46        45 

Indiana    ....135.000        1.3 
Elinois    175,000        1.7 
Michigan  ...   93.000        1.3 
Wisconsin  ..    56.000        1.8 
Minnesota    .    16.000        1.1 
Iowa  16.000        1.4 
Missouri    ...   29.000        1.3 
Nebraska...      4.000        1.6 
Kansas  6.000        1.3 

Mao-land    127,231,000        32        31 
Virginia    322.224.000        25        23 
West     Virginia  141.043.000        30        30 
North   Carolina..    ..       537.438.000          7        11 
South  Carolina  446,313.000        12        15 

Georgia    590.292,000          4          4 
Florida                   '              103  144  000        36        35 

Kentucky  ..    23.000        1.5 
Tennessee  ..      6,000        2.0 
Idaho                13  000        6  0 

Ohio   ..                   541.400,000           6           5 

Indiana    507.563,000           8           8 
Illinois    879,679,000           1           1 

Oreg-on   7.000       3.0 

Total  722.000        1.5 
Beans. 
New   York.  .200.  000        8.3 
Michigan    ..543.000        9.0 
Colorado    .  .252.000        6.5 
N.   Mexico..  149.  000        4.0 
Arizona    ...    18,000        4.0 
California    .592.000      15.0 

1.102 

(1.660 
4.887 
1.638 
596 
72 
8,880 

21,786 

$11.122 
24.435 
7.207 
2.563 
360 
47.952 

Michigan    336,669.000        22        19 
Wisconsin                    .       417  888  000        15        17 

Minnesota     562.545.000          5           9 
Iowa    821,920,000          2           2 
Missouri                       .       482  436  000          9           6 

North   Dakota....             375,601,000        19        27 

South   Dakota  438,880,000        13        18 
Nebraska   390.944.000        17          7 
Kansas    424.298,000        14        13 

Kentucky     385.066.000        18        20 
rennessee    .                      324.256.000        24        24 

Total    ..1.754.000      10.1 

17.733 

93.639 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


187 


^--  Rank.-^ 
State.                            Value.  1918.    1918.1917. 
Alabama                           §366  677.000        20        25 

^-Rank.-^ 
State.                            Value.  1918.  1918.  1917. 
Arizona      $42  267  000        43        44 

Mississippi     403,789.000        16        21 

Utah    .                                   54,759.000        41        41 

Louisiana                            282  640  000        26        26 

Nevada  .  .  .24  536  000  47  47 

Texas                                    695,651.000          3          3 

Idaho  107,111,000  34  36 

Oklahoma    .                     264.502,000        27        22 
Arkansas                           331  479  000        23        16 

Washing-ton    135.255.000        31        29 
Oreg-on          .                        122  481  000        33        32 

Montana         146.713.000        29        33 

California  365,028,000  21  10 

Colorado    153.639.000        28        28 
New  Mexico        40,711,000        44        43 

United  States  14.090,769,000      

PRINCIPAL    FARM    CROPS    OF    TI 
[From  tables  prepared  by  the 
Corn. 
Year.       Acres.               Bushels.                Value. 
1909    98383000  2552190000 

IE    UNITED    STATES    BY    YEARS, 
department  of  agriculture.] 
Rye. 
Year.       Acres.               Bushels.                 Value. 
1909       Q  196  000         29  5°0  000           

1910.104.035,000  2,  886,260.  000$1,384,817.000 
1911.105.825.000  2.531.488,000  1,565.258.000 
1912.107,083.000  3,124.746.000  1,520,454.000 
1913.105.820,000  2.446,988,000  1.692.092.000 
1914.103.435,000  2.672,804,000  1.722,070,000 
1915.106.197.000  2.994.793.000   1,722.680.000 
1916.105.296.000  2,566.927.000  2,280.729.000 
1917.116.730,000  3.065,233.000  3,920.228,000 
1918.107.494,000  2.582.814,000  3,528,313,000 
All  Wheat. 
1909.  44.261,000      683  350  000    . 

1910.      2',185.000         34,897.000       $24,953,000 
1911.      2.127.000         33,119,000         27.557.000 
1912.      2.117.000         35.664.000         23.636,000 
1913.      2,557.000         41.381,000         22.220.000 
1914.      2.541.000         42.779.000         37,018.000 
1915.      3.213.000         48.862.000         59.676.000 
1916.      3.096.000         47.383.000         57,857,000 
1917.      4.317.000         62.933.000       104.447.000 
1918.      6,185.000         89,103,000       134,947,000 
Barley. 
1909       7  698  000      173  321  000    : 

1910.  45,681,000       635,121.000       561,051.000 
1911.  49,543.000       621.338.000       543,063.000 
1912.  45.814.000       730.267,000       555,280,000 
1913.   50.184,000       763.380,000       610,122.000 
1914.   53,541,000       891,017.000       878,680.000 
1915.   60,469,000  1.025,801,000       942,303,000 
1916.   52,316,000       636.318,000  1,019,968.000 
1917.  45.089,000      636,655.000  1,278,112,000 
1918.   59,110.000      917.100,000  1,874.623.000 
Oats. 
1909.   35,157,000  1.007,129  000    . 

1910.      7.743.000       173.832.000       100,426.000 
1911.      7,627,000       160,240,000       139.182.000 
1912.      7,530.000       223.824.000      112.957.000 
1913.      7.499,000       178.189,000         95.731,000 
1914.      7.565.000       194.953.000       105.903.000 
1915.      7,148.000       228.851.000       118.172.000 
1916.      7.757.000       182.309.000       160.646.000 
1917.      8.933.000       211.759.000      240.758.000 
1918.      9,679,000      256.375,000      235,269,000 
Buckwheat. 
1909           878  000         14  849  000    

1910.   37.548,000   1.186,341.000      408.388.000 
1911.   37,763.000       922,298,000       414,663.000 
1912.   37.917.000  1.418,337,000      452  469  000 
1913.   38.399.000  1.121,768.000      439,596.000 
1914.  38,442.000   1,141.060,000      499,431,000 
1915.  40,996,000  1,549,030,000       559  506  000 
1916.  41,527,000  1.251.837.000       655,928,000 
1917.  43,553.000  1,592,740.000  1,061,474,000 
1918.  44,400,000  1,538,350,000  1,092,423.000 
Cotton. 
Year.         Acres.               Bales.                  Value 

1910.          860,000         17.598.000         11,636.000 
1911.         833.000         17.549.000         12,735.000 
1912.         841.000      "  19.249,000         12.720.000 
1913.         805.000         13.833.000         10.445.000 
1914.         792.000         16.881.000         12,892.000 
1915.         769.000         15.056.000         11.843.000 
1916.         828,000         11.662.000         13,147.000 
1917.         924.000         16.022,000         25,631,000 
1918.      1.040.000         17.182,000         28.585,000 
Potatoes. 
1909       3  669  000      389  195  000 

1910.  32,403,000         11.608,616       820,320  000 
1911.  36,045.000         16,250.276       859,840.000 
1912.  34,283,000         13.703.000       792,240.000 
1913.  37.089,000         14,116.000       887,160.000 
1914.   36,832,000         16,134.930       591.130.000 
1915.   31.412.000         11.192.000       627.940.000 
1916.  34,985,000         11,450.000  1,122,295.000 
1917.  33,841,000         11.302.000  1.566.198,000 
1918.  35.890.000         11,700,000  1,616,207,000 
Hay. 
Year.         Acres.               Tons.                   Value. 
1910.  45.691.000         60.978.000       747.769,000 
1911.  43,017.000         47,444.000       694.570  000 
1912.  49.530,000         72.691.000       856,695.000 
1913.  48.954.000         64.116.000       797.077.000 
1914.  49.145,000         70.071.000       779.068.000 
1915.   51.108.000         85.920.000       913.644  000 
1916.  55.721.000         91.192.000  1.022.930.000 
1917.   55.203,000         83,308.000  1.423.760.000 
1918.   55,971,000         75.453,000  1,522,473,000 

1910.      3.720.000       349.032.000       194.566.000 
1911.      3,619.000       292.737.000       233,778.000 
1912.      3.711.000      420.647.000       212.550.000 
1913.      3.668.000      331.525.000      227.903.000 
1914.      3.711.000       409.921.000      499,460.000 
1915.      3,734.000       359.721.000       221.992.000 
1916.      3.565.000       286.953.000      419.333.000 
1917.     4,384.000      442.108,000      542.774.000 
1918.     4,210,000      400,106,000      478,138,000 
Tobacco. 
Year.         Acres.            Pounds.                 Value. 
1910.      1.366.000  1.103.415.000       102,142.000 
1911.      1.013.000       905.109.000         85.210.000 
1912.      1,226.000       962.855.000       104.063.000 
1913.      1.216.000       953.734.000       122.481.000 
1914.      1.224.000   1.034.679.000       101,411.000 
1915.      1.370.000  1.062.237.000         96.281.000 
1916.      1.412.000   1.150,622.000       169.008.000 
1917.      1.518,000  1.249.608.000      300.539.000 
1918.      1,549,000  1,340,019,000      374,318,000 

AVERAGE    FARM    VALUE   OF    CROPS. 


DEC. 

1. 

Wh't 

Oats. 

Corn 

Rye. 

Bar- 
ley. 

Bu'k- 
wh't. 

Pota- 
toes. 

Hay. 
ton. 

DEC. 
1. 

Wh't 

Oats. 

Corn 

Rye. 

"ctsT 

t>{.4 
8(5.5 
83.4 
122.1 
KJfi.O 
151.5 

Bar- 
ley. 

Bu'k- 
wh't. 

Pota- 
toes 

Cts. 
68.7 
48.7 
61.7 
146.1 
123.0 
119.6 

Hay. 

ton. 

1907.. 
1908.. 
1909  . 
1910.. 
1911.  . 
1912.  . 

Cts. 
87.4 
92.4 
99.0 
88.3 
87.4 
76.0 

Cts. 
44.3 
47.2 
40.5 
34.1 
45.0 
31.9 

Cts. 
51.6 
60.6 
59.6 
48.0 
61.8 
48.7 

Cts. 
73.1 
73.6 
73.9 
72.2 
83.2 
6*5.3 

Cts. 
06.  6 
55.4 
55.2 
57.8 
86.9 
50.4 

Cts. 
69.8 
75.6 
«9.9 
65.7 
72.6 
06.1 

Cts. 
61.7 
70.6 
54.9 
55.7 
70.9 
50.5 

DoN. 

11.08 
8.98 
10.  (!2 
12.2I! 
14.64 
11.79 

1913.. 
1914.. 
1915. 
1916.  . 
1917.. 
1918.  . 

Cts. 
79.9 
98.6 
91.9 
160.3 
200.8 
204.4 

Cts. 
39.2 
43.8 
36.1 
52.4 
66.6 
71.0 

Cts. 
69.1 
64.4 
57.5 
88.9 
127.9 
136.6 

Cts 
53.7 
54.3 
51.6 
88.2 
113.7 
91.8 

Cts. 
75.5 
76.4 
78.7 
112.9 
160.0 
166.4 

Dols. 

12.43 
11.12 
10.63 
11.21 

n.09 

20.18 

188 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


BEET    SUGAR    PRODUCTION    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 
[From  reports  to  U.  S.  department  of  agriculture.  ] 


STATE,  AND  YEAK  OF 
BEET  CHOP. 

Fac- 
tor- 
ies. 
No. 

Av. 
length 
of 
ram- 
paitrn. 
Days. 

Sugar 
made. 
Tons.* 

BEETS  USED  FOR  SUGAR. 

ANALYSIS  OF 
BEETS. 

Per- 
c'tage 
av.  ex- 
tract'n 
of 
sugar. 

Area. 
Acres. 

Quantity  worked. 

Av. 
price 
per 
ton. 

Per- 
c'tage 
su- 
crose. + 

Per  ct. 

purity 
coeffi- 
cient.* 

Tons.* 

Av. 

yield 
acre. 

California         

13 

loa.boo 

182,700 
44,100 
117,600 
51,300 
43,100 
118.000 
14,300 
59,700 

102,400 
126,500 
32,600 
108.200 
42.800 
33.300 
83.600 
12,600 
50.100 

843,700 
1,912,200 
336.600 
893.700 
446.100 
328,900 
1.012,900 
110.410 
458,100 

8.24 
11.16 
10.34 
8.08 
10.04 
9.88 
12.11 
8.76 
9.14 

$10.33 
10.00 
10.00 
10.13 
9.94 
9.63 
10.00 
10.00 
9.13 

14 
8 
16 
4 

Idaho 

Michigan 



Nebraska 

Ohio      

5 

Utah 

16 

4 

Other  states  

12 



United  States.  1918  
Total,  1917  

?i 

"••74" 

80 

740,100 
765,207 
820.657 

592.100 
664,797 
665,308 

5,822.600 
5,625.545 
5.919,673 

9.83 
8.46 
8.90 

10.02 
7.39 
6.12 

16.28 
16.3(1 

83.89 
84.74 

83.54 
85.03 

Total,  1916  

•Tons  of  2.000  pounds.     tBased  upon  weight  of  beets.      ^Percentage  of  pure  sugar  in  the 
total  soluble  solids  of  the  beets.                          
CENSUS    REPORT    OF    BEET    SUGAR    MANUFACTURED. 
1914.                   1909. 
Total  acreage  of  beets  planted                                                                                  -^39  491                4.1  ^  QR4 

Total  quantity  of  beets  treated    (tons  of  2,000 
Sugar  —  Quantity    (tons  of  2  000  pounds)  . 

Ibs.)  .  .                                  5  639  103            3  965,356 

743  473                   501   R82 

Value                                                                                                             *s«  -^Qfi  4-Rft       «4.a  037  fii>P 

Granulated—  Quantity    (tons  of   2,000  pounc 

Value 

Is)  .  .                                            739  233                496  807 

.  .   R58  351  323        R45  R45  81  O 

Raw  —  Quantity    (tons  of  2  000  pounds)                                                                4  240                   4  875 

Value                                                                                                                  S239  142             8291,819 

Molasses—  Quantity   (gallons  of  12.2  pounds)  26  461  291         20  812  747 

Value                                                                                                               $1  536  192         $1  129  905 

Pulp                                        $2094,863             S795.900 

All  other  products                             ----          S383  fi8P             S258  949 

$62,605.209       $48,122.383 

LOUISIANA  CANE  SUGAR  AND  MOLASSES. 
Factories.  Sugar.           Molasses. 
Year.                          No.         Tons.*                Gals. 
1918                                          263  540 

Sheep,      Wool, 
State.                                               Jan.  1     pounds 
Kentucky                                             1  274         3  058 

Tennessee   567         1,954 

1917                             140       243  600       30  7*'8  000 

Alabama    ...                 140            368 

1916                           150        303  900        26  154  000 

Mississippi     183             619 

1915                            136        137  500        12  743  000 

Louisiana                                     .   .       230            594 

1914                           149        242  700        17  177  443 

Texas     2,232       11,205 

1913                           153        292  698        24  046  320 

Oklahoma                        125            518 

•Tons  of  2,000  pounds. 

SHEEP    (1919)   AND  WOOL    (1917). 
(000  omitted). 
Sheep.       Wool. 
State.                                             Jan.   1.    pounds. 

Arkansas                                                   147             402 

Montana    2,984       23.342 

Wvoming                                           .   4  018       34,026 

Colorado                                                2  303         9  261 

New     Mexico     3,135       17,132 

Arizona                                                1  400         5  656 

Utah    2,410       15.800 

New    Hampshire  39            192 
Vermont     107             063 

Nevada    1,520       10,000 
Idaho    3.234      19,500 
Washington     780         5.504 

Rhode   Island  7               24 
Connecticut     24               76 
New     York  840         3,830 

Oregon  2.497       12,500 
California    2,943       12,545 

New  Jersey  29               88 

Pennsylania                                              959         4  774 

COTTON    STATISTICS    OF    UNITED    STATES. 
In  equivalent  500  pound  bales. 
Produc-      Consump- 
Year.         tion.              tion.           Exports.   Imports. 
1790.            3,138         11.000               379            697 
1800.          73.222         18.829         41.872        8,696 
1810.        177,824         35.565       124.116           431 
1820.        334.728       100.000       249,787           427 
1830.        732.218       129,938       553,960              22 
1840.    1.347.640       245.045   1,060,408        1,210 
1850.    2,136,083       422,626   1.854,474            330 
1860      3  841  416       841  975       615  032 

Delaware                                                      10               31 

Maryland    .                                              246             773 

Virginia      713         1,918 

West  Virginia                                         789         2  830 

North   Carolina    138             5/0 

South    Carolina  29            103 
Georgia    ...      .                                        144             478 

Florida                        *                            120            4°  (5 

Ohio                                                        2  980       1°  600 

Indiana      ...                                    1  098         4  765 

Illinois   1,028         4048 

Michigan    2.119         8.7(55 
Wisconsin    716         '.',850 
Minnesota    642         3,112 
Iowa    1,322         4.815 
Missouri    1  539         5  532 

1870.    4,024.527  1.026.583   2,922.757        1.802 
1880.    6.356.998   1.805.922   4,453,495        5.447 
1890.    8,562,089   2.604.491   5.850.219      45.580 
1900.10.123.027  3.603.516   6,806.572   116,610 
iniO.11.608.616  4.516.779   8.025.991   231.191 
1915.16134.930  6.087.338   8.931.253  363.595 
1916.11,191.820   7,326.598   6.405.993  420.995 
1917.11.449.930  7.721.354  5963.682  288,486 
1918.11.302.375   7.555.191  4.587.000  217.381 

North   Dakota                                        265         1  5*10 

South    Dakota  810         4*747 

Nebraska    367         1,696 
Kansas   ..                                               460         1.624 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


189 


LIVE   STOCK  IN  TH 
Department    of   agriculture    estimate   of   live 
stock  on  farms  and  ranges  of  the  United  States 
on  Jan.  1  of  the  years  specified  with  value  per 
head  and  aggregate  value: 
Horses—         Number.     Per  head.    Total  value. 
1919  21.534.000     $98.48  $2.120.709.000 
1918  21,555.000     104.24     2.246.970.000 
1917  21.210.000     102.89     2,182.307.000 
1916  21.159.000     101.60     2.149,786,000 
1915  21.195.000     103.33     2.190.102.000 
1914  20.962.000     109.32      2.291,638.000 
1913.  .  .  .20.567.000     110.77     2.278.222,000 
1912  20.509.000     105.94     2.172.694.000 
1911  20,277,000     111.46     2,259,981.000 
Mules— 
1919  4.925.000     135.59         667.767.000 
1918  4.873.000     128.81         627.679.000 
1917  4.723.000     118.15         558.006.000 
1916  4,593.000     113.83         522,834.000 
1915  4.479.000     112.36         503,271.000 
1914  4.449.000     123.85         551.017.000 
1913..,.    4,386.000     124.31         545.245.000 
1912  4.362.000     120.51         525.657.000 
1911  4,323,000     125.92        544,359,000 
Milch  cows— 
1919  23.467.000        78.24        .836,055,000 
1918  23.310,000        70.54        .644.231.000 
1917  22.894.000        59.63        .365.251.000 
1916  22.108.000        53.92        .191,955.000 
1915  21.262.000        55.33        .176.338,000 
1914  20.737,000        53.94        ,118.487,000 
1913  20.497.000       45.02         922.783,000 
1912  20.699.000        39.39         815.414.000 
1911  20.823.000       39.97        832,209.000 
Other  cattle— 
1919  44.399.000        44.16        .960.670.000 
1918  44.112.000        40.88        .803.482.000 
1917  41.689.000        35.92        .497,621.000 
1916  39.812.000        33.53        .334.928.000 
1915  37.067,000        33.38        .237.376.000 
1914  35.855.000        31.13        ,116.333.000 
1913  36.030,000        26.36         949.645,000 
1912  37.260.000        21.20         790.064.000 
1911  39.679,000       20.54        815,184,000 
Sheep  — 
1919  49.863,000        11.01         579.016.000 
1918  48.603.000        11.82         574,575.000 
1917  47.616.000          7.13         339.529,000 
1916  48,625,000          5.17         251.594,000 
1915  49.956,000          4.50         224.687.000 
1914..  .  .49.719.000          4.02         200,045.000 
1913  51,482,000          3.94         202.779.000 
1912.  ..  .52,362.000          3.46         181.170,000 
1911  53,633,000         3.91        209.535,000 
Swine  — 
1919  75.587.000        22.04     1,665,987,000 
1918  70.978.000        19.54     1.387.261,000 
1917  67,503,000        11.75         792.898.000 
1916.  ..  .67.766,000          8.40         569,573,000 
1915.  ..  .64.618,000          9.87         637.479,000 
1914  58.933,000        10.40         612,951.000 
1913  61.178.000          9.86         603.109,000 
1912.  ..  .65.410,000          8.00         523.328000 
1911  65.620,000          9.37         615.170,000 
The    states    having-    the    largest    number    of 
farm  animals  of  each  of  the  above  kinds  Jan. 
1.  1919,   were: 
Horses. 
Iowa  1,583000    Minnesota   .      950000 

E  UNITED   STATES. 
Wisconsin  .  .     694.000 
Michigan   ...     666,000 
New   York.  .     578.000 
Mu 
Texas                  792  000 

Pennsylvania    578.000 
Montana    .  .  .     557.000 

les. 
Tennessee    ...278.000 
Kansas                260  000 

Missouri             374  000 

Georgia    344,000 

Kentucky   231,000 
N.   Carolina...  208,000 
S.   Carolina....  194.  000 
Louisiana  164,000 
Illinois                147  000 

Mississippi    ...316,000 
Arkansas   ....315,000 
Alabama    304,000 
Oklahoma  ....288.000 
Milch 
Wisconsin    ..1.803.000 
New   York...  1.478.  000 
Iowa                1  381  000 

Cows. 
Kansas                964  000 

Michigan   848,000 
Indiana   713.000 

Minnesota  ..1.368.000 
Illinois    1.060.000 

Nebraska    662,000 
Oklahoma    .  .  .561,000 
S.  Dakota..    ..561.000 

Texas   1.060.000 
Ohio    1.030.000 
Pennsylvania    979,000 
Other 
Texas    3.961.000 

California    ...561.000 
Mississippi   ...541.000 
Cattle. 
Oklahoma   ..1.444.000 
Illinois    1.367,000 
Colorado    ..  .1.361,000 
New  Mexico.l.  325,000 
Ohio    1,102.000 
Arizona  1,100.000 
Montana    ...1,020.000 
Wyoming-  ...1.000,000 

^Michigan  ...2,119,000 
Missouri  ....1,539.000 
Nevada  1,520,000 
Iowa    1.322.000 
Kentucky   ...1.274.000 
Indiana    1,098.000 
Illinois    1,028.000 
Wisconsin    .  .     716,000 
Minnesota  ..    642,000 

'ne. 
Tennessee    .  .  1,965.000 
Kentucky      .1,768.000 
Arkansas   ...1.725,000 
S.  Dakota...  1.654.000 
Louisiana    ..1,599.000 
N.    Carolina.  1,546,  000 
Florida    1,512.000 
Pennsylvanial.420,000 
Michigan   ...1,355.000 
Virginia    ...1,134,000 
S.   Carolina..  1,056,000 
Oklahoma   ..1.036,000 
California  ..1.036.000 

S~OF    HORSES    AND 
,ES. 
sreign  and  domestic 
erce.] 
-^    ,  Mules.  v 
No.        Value. 
34    65,788  $12,726,143 
46  111,915    22,960,312 
29  136.689    27.800.854 
63    28,879       4,885.406 

08          124            21.940 
05      2,176          435,890 
16       2.223          472,215 
14       2.568          526.415 
29       1.803          370.320 

Nebraska   ...2.940.000 
Iowa                2  861  000 

Kansas    2.401,000 
Missouri  ....1.782.000 
California    ..1.650.000 
Minnesota  ..1.632.000 
S.  Dakota.  .  .  1.496,000 
Skt 
Wyoming    .  .4.018.000 
Idaho    3,234,000 

New  Mexico.3.135,000 
Montana  .  .  .2,984,000 
Ohio    2.980,000 
California    ..2,943,000 
Oregon    2,497,000 

Utah  2.410.000 
Colorado  2.303.000 
Texas              2  232  000 

Sw 
Iowa    10,925.000 

Illinois    5.724,000 
Missouri  ....4.943.000 
Indiana   4,668.000 
Ohio    4.266.000 
Nebraska    ..4.250.000 
Georgia   3,043,000 
Minnesota  ..2.784.000 
Kansas   .     ..2381000 

Texas   2.320.000 
Mississippi    .2.282.000 
Alabama    .  .  .2.223.000 
Wisconsin    ..2,181,000 

WAR    TIME    EXPORT 
MUI 
[U.  S.  bureau  of  f 
comm 
,  Horses  .  
Year.*      No.           Value. 
1915.289,340  $64.046,5 
1916.357.553     73,531.1 
1917.278.674     59.525,3 
1918.   84.765     14,923,6 
July. 
1918.     2,966          549,2 
Aug.. 
1918.    6.056        1,183,5 
Sept.. 
1918.     3.509          828.0 
Oct.. 
1918.      4.019           853.7 
Nov.. 
1918.      2.707           482.1 
•Ended  June  30. 

Illinois    ..    ..1467000     Ohio                     891*000 

Texas    1,164.000     N.   Dakota...     8501000 
Kansas    1,153.000     Indiana   829,000 
Nebraska  ...1.049,000     S.   Dakota...     827.000 
Missouri  1.040,000     Oklahoma   ..     744,000 

AVERAGE    VALUE   PER   H 
1919.      1918.         1917. 
Horses                                $98  488104  28   $102  89    $ 

BAD    OF    FARM   ANIMALS. 
1916.         1915.     1900-9.  1890-9.  1880-9.  1870-9. 
101.60    $103.33    $71.99   $48.24   $67.78   $62.07 
113.83      112.36       84.98      58.79      76.63      75.65 
53.92         53.33       30.12      23.35      26.65      27.27 
33.53        33.38       18.09      16.53      19.77      17.54 
5.17           4.50         3.13        2.23        2.21        2.32 
8  4O           fl.fi7         6.46        4.81        5.18        4.76 

Mules    135  59    1°7  74      118  15 

Milch    cows  78i24      70.59        59^63 
Other  cattle                       44  16      40  88        35  92 

Sheep                                  11  '61      11  82           7'l3 

Swine    22!04      19.51        11.75 

190 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


INTERNATIONAL   TRADE    IN   AGRICULTURAL   PRODUCTS. 

Fig"ures  are  chiefly  for  calendar  year  1917;  fig-urea  incomplete  on  account  of  war 


Bushels. 
57,014,000 


Corn. 
Exports- 
United    States  ..... 

Norway*  '  '  '.'  '.'.'.'.  '.         1  240,000 
Sp£n    .............     2.179.000 

Wheat. 


... 
uted   States..  ..  .106.202.000 


rs..      2,586,000 
Italv  ....   70,400,000 

Spain  '  '.'/.'.  .........     1,858,000 

Wheat  Flour. 
rts  —  Barrels. 

,138:888 


Oats. 


nited  'States  ......   98.689.000 

19,802.000 
691,000 
200,000 
illS.eOS.OOO 


Norway 
PhTlSines 
Sited   States.  ..  '.  . 
Barley. 


........ 

United   States  ......  17.859.000 

Imports— 

?taalyda.  v::::::::::  1.229:888 

Norway   ...........  2,115,000 

Exports-     V6'  Bushels 

Canada         .........  ooo.ouu 

UnHed   States  ......  14.689.000 

imports-    ......  1,440,000 

:::.......:  5,095,000 

Rice. 

Exports—  Pounds. 
(No  data  available.) 


Bushels. 
542.000 


1,311.624,000 
Philippines    .......  324,045,000 

United  States  .....  266.471,000 

Potatoes. 
Exports— 
Argentina  ......... 


nited    States  ..... 

Imports— 
Argentina    ........ 

Canada    ........... 

Philippines    ....... 

United  States 


888:888 

2,425,000 

15,000 

463.000 

287X300 

3.182,000 


Cotton  Seed  Oil. 
Exports—  Gallons, 

' 


'China    .............      1.38 

Egypt    ............         648,000 

Qnited  States  ......  16.642.000 


Imports — 

Canada    4.371,000 

Italy    71.000 

Norway     3,635,000 

Cotton. 
Exports—  Bales. 

Brazil    27.000 

China    235,000 

Egypt    855,000 

United  States 5.180,000 

Imports — 

Canada   178,000 

Italy    828,000 

Spain 447.000 

United   States 290,000 

Unmanufactured  Tobacco. 

Exports—  Pounds. 

Brazil     56,788,000 

Philippines    15,134,000 

United   States 254,702.000 

Imports — 

Argentina    27,321,000 

Canada    *. 18,570,000 

China >. 20,525.000 

Egypt  ., *....   14.274.000 

Italy 55,019.000 

Norway     4,915.000 

Spain   41,342,000 

United  States 57,960,000 

Hops. 

Exports —  Pounds.   ' 

United   States 4,118,000 

Imports — 
British  S.  Africa..         432,000 

Canada    790,000 

United  States 194.000 

Sugar. 

Exports—  Pounds. 

Argentina    70.000 

Brazil    289.925,000 

China    30,871,000 

Egypt    .   57,296,000 

Philippines  •. 453,946,000 

United    Kingdom...     2.450,000 

Import!- — 

Argentina 353,127.000 

British  S.  Africa..   28.064,000 

Canada    794,118.000 

China 826,277.000 

Egypt    24.077,000 

Italy    123,964.000 

Norway    124,377.000 

United  kingdom.. 2,413,410,000 

United    States 4,944,089.000 

Tea. 

Exports—  Pounds. 

China  149,342,000 

Formosa  26.169.000 

Imports — 
British  S.  Africa..      8,734,000 

Canada    52,145,000 

Chile    25.259,000 

United  States 126,795,000 

Coffee. 

Exports —  Pounds. 

Brazil    1.402.787,000 

United   States 50.062.000 

Imports — 
British  S.  Africa. 


29.944.000 
15,843,000 
.     98,830,000 
Norway    ...........  32.901,000 

Spain    ..............  40,185,000 

United  States.  ...1,286,524,000 


Egypt 
Italy 


Oil  Cake  and  Meal. 

Exports—  Pounds. 

Canada    18,309,000 

China     149,199,000 

Egypt  181,434.000 

[taly 22,885.000 

United    States 735,053,000 

Imports —    - 

Canada     2,348,000 

Italy   28,003 

Norway    68,544,000 

Rosin. 

Exports—  Pounds. 

Spain    20,802,000 

United    States 417.664,000 

Imports — 

Canada     33,873,000 

Italy     45.482,000 

Norway    2,054,000 

Spain    198,000 

Turpentine. 

Exports —  Gallons. 

Spain    1,260,000 

United    States 6.529,000 

Imports — 

Canada    1,039,000 

Italy    702.000 

Rubber. 

Exports — •  Pounds. 

Brazil     74,912,000 

Imports — 

Canada    13,641,000 

Italy    13,508.000 

United    States 405,638,000 

Wood  Pulp. 

Exports—  Pounds. 

Canada    1.023,607,000 

Norway     891,897.000 

United    States 77.717,000 

Imports- 
Italy 43,320.000 

Spain   73,712.000 

United   States. ..  .1.355.480,000 
Butter. 

Exports —  Pounds. 

Canada    4,345.000. 

Italy    172,000 

United  States 7,196,000 

Imports — 
British   S.  Africa..  27,000 

Canada   466,000 

Egypt 533.000 

Switzerland   369.000 

Cheese. 

Exports—  Pounds. 

Canada 176.380.000 

Italy     4,337,000 

United   States 53.510.00O 

Imports — 
British  S.  Africa..          514,000 

Egypt    148,000 

Italy    9,000 

Spain    411,000 

Switzerland   214,000 

United  States 6,333,000 

Wool. 

Experts —  Pounds. 

British  S.  Africa.  .121.348,000 

China    51,564,000 

Spain  18,339,000 

Imports — 

Canada  11.741,000 

United   States 420.995.000 


$951.628,331 
857.113,533 
S7S.480.557 
859.160,264 
826,90^.777 


'AGRICULTURAL   EXPORTS  BY  YEARS. 


1906....  $976.047.104 
1907.... 1,054, 405, 416 

1908 1,017,396,404 

1909 903.238,122 

1910....  871,158,425 


1911. ..$1,030, 794,402 
1912. ...1.050. 627.131 
1913.... 1.123, 021.469 
1914.. ..1.113, 973. 635 


1914 1.113,973.635  I   'Domestic,  f 

1915.... 1.475.937,607  '  United   States. 


1916.. .$1.518.071.450 
1917.. ..1.968,253,288 
1918.... 2.281.338.876 
Domestic,  from  the 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


191 


ESTIMATED   VALUE   PER   ACRE    OF   FARM   LAND. 


-Plow   lands,    1919.- 


-All  farm  lands.- 


Av.  for  Av.  for  Av.  for  Without  improvements.    With  improvements. 

State  or  division.  poor.       good.      all.      1917.      1916.     1912.  191?.  1916.      1912. 

Maine    .....................  $24.00   $50.00   $37.00523.00  $17.00  $15.00  $41.00  $37.00   $36.00 

New  Hampshire  ............  23.00     54.00     39.00   20.00     18.00     15.00  40.00  33.00     34.00 

Vermont    ..................  30.00     64.00     44.00  26.00     23.0.0     15.00  44.00  40.00     34.00 

Massachusetts    ............  41.00      92.00      68.00  38.00     36.00     26,00  76.00  75.00      66.00 

Rhode    Island  ..............  47.00      92.00      73.00   52.00     50.00      39.00  85.00  100.00      60.00 

Connecticut    ...............  37.00      80.00     55.00  36.00     33.00     28,00  62.00  62.00     55.00 

New   York  .................  38.00      80.00      60.00   46.00     42.00      36.00  72.00  67.00 

New    Jersey  ................  50.00  103.00     7600   60.00     55.00     516.00  105.00  100.00 

Pennsylvania    ..............  38.00     79.00     60.00  49.50     41.00     35.00  72.00  65.00     53.QO 


65.00 
93.00 


Delaware 
Maryland 
Virginia  ...................  3liOO 


36.00      70.00  55.00   50.00  43.00  37.00  73.00  64.00  60.00 

39.00      66.00  53  00  43.00  40.00  27.00  65.00  60.00  42.00 

62.00  47.00   32.00  28.00  22.00  45.00  42.00  34.00 

West  Virginia   .............      29.00      64.00  44.00   30.00  27.00  21.00  42.50  39.00  32.00 

North    Carolina  ............      31.00      67.00  5000   30.00  23.00  17JOO  42.50  37.00  28.00 

South    Carolina  ............      27.00      56.00  45.0025.00  21.00  20.3)0  35.00  32.00  34.00 

Georgia  ....................     24.50     49.30  37.50  21.30  18.00  16.00  30.00  28.00  26.00 

Florida   ....................      21.00      48.00  33.00   25.00  23.00  21.00  55.00  52.00  45.00 

Ohio    .....................      6300   11300  91.00   71.00  67.00  56.00  95.50  91.00  77.00 

Indiana  ....................      68.00126.00100.0081.00  78.00  64.00103.00  98.00  82.00 

Illinois  .....................  100.00   170.00  144.00115.00  106.00  96,00  140.00  130.00  119.00 

Michigan   ..................     40.00      76.00  61.00   45.00  42.00  31.00  7Q.OO  65.00  54.00 

Wisconsin   .................     60.00110.00  89.0068.00  62.00  43.00  95.00  90.00  63.QO 

Minnesota  ____  .  .............     59.00      88.00  78.00    60.00  54.00  41.0.0  83.00  75.00  56.00 

Iowa  ......................    129.00   196.00  169.00128.00  125.00  83.00  156.00  153.00  106.00 

Missouri   ..................      51.00      91.00  72.00   54.00  50.00  37.00  69.00  65.00  54.00 

North  Dakota  ..............      27.50      43.00  37.0031.00  29.00  24.00  39.00  37.00  30.00 

South  Dakota  ..............      50.00      77.00  67.00   50.50  47.00  37.00  63.00  60.00  48.00 

Nebraska  ............  •  ......      67.00115.00  95.00   67.00  62.00  58.00  80.00  76.00  74.00 

Kansas  ....................      44.00      77.00  61.0047.00  45.00  39.00  60.00  58.00  53.00 

Kentucky  ..................     37.00      80.00  61.00   36.00  29.00  23.00  47.50  41.00  33.00 

Tennessee  .................      31.00      75.00  53.00  35.00  29.00  20.00  46.00  42.00  33.00 

Alabama  ...................     17.00      33.00  24.0014.00  13.00  12.00  21.00  20.00  19.00 

Mississippi  .................     16.00      33.50  25.5016.00  14.00  12.00  25.00  23.00  20.00 

Louisiana   ..................      25.00      44.00  33.00   22.00  19.00  20.00  33.00  27.00  35.00 

58.00  46.00   32.00  28.00  22.00  45.00  39.00  36.00 


. 
Texas    .....................      27.00 


Oklahoma    .. 


.  .  .  .  . 

24.00      51.00      38.00   26.00     23.00      20.00      35.00      31.00      29.00 

32.00      27.00      24.  QO 


Arkansas   22.00      50.00  38.00   22.00  16.00  12.00 

Montana 21.00     45.00  34.00  25.00  24.00  21.00 

Wyoming 26.00      53.00  43.0023.00  22.00  18.00  33.00  33.00  32. _ 

Colorado  36.00      80.00  60.00  45.00  42.00  40.00  62.00  60.00  66.00 

New   Mexico 30.00      60.00  45.00   35.00  30.00  23.00  50.00  45.00  48.00 

Arizona   60.00   125.00  100.00   80.00  60.00  50.00  105.00  80.00  80.00 

Utah 55.00   125.00  95.00   80.00  65.00  45.00  105.00  90.00  80.00 

Nevada 50.00   110.00  85.00   65.00  55.00  31.00  90.00  8500  7000 

Idaho  50.00      98.00  76.0055.00  49.00  45.00  71.00  64.00  66.00 

Washington 60.00121.00  95.0075.00  64.00  50.00100.00102.0010000 

Oregon    53.00   108.00  81.00   60.00  48.00  46.00  82.00  7000  75.00 

California 69.00   165.00  121.00130.00  110.00  70.00  200.00  180.00  107.00 

United   States 51.26     91.83  74.31   50.54  45.55  36.23  74.52  69.45  57.89 


. 

35.00      34.00      36.00 
.00 


CROPS  OF   1919. 

[Department  of  agriculture  estimate,  Sept.  1.] 
Cora    bu.  2,857,692,000 


Winter    wheat bu. 

Spring   wheat bu. 

All  wheat  ..  ...bu. 


715,301,000 
208,049,000 
923,350,000 


Oats bu.  1,224,815.000 

Barley    bu.  195,297,000 

Rye     bu.  84,552,000 

Buckwheat    bu.  17,188,000 

Potatoes  bu.  349,194,000 

Sweet     potatoes bu.  100.320,000 

Flaxseed  bu.  10.195,000 

Rice    bu.  44,383,000 


Tobacco     Ibs.  1,279,012,000 

Hay,    tame tons  86,723.000 

Hay.    wild tons  16,821,000 

All    hay tons  103,544,000 

Cotton    bales  111. 230,000 

Apples,    total    crop bu.  153,242,000 

Apples,    com'l   crop brls.  23.072,000 

Peaches    bu.  50,446,000 

Pears    bu.  13,686,000 

Kafirs,   etc.-,   6  states bu.  129,509.000 

.Peanuts    bu.  52,783,000 

Beans,   dry.    6   states bu.  11.363,000 

Sugar  beets tons  7,265,000 

Broom  corn,   5   states tons  55,300 

Sorghum,     sirup gals.  34,011,000 

Hops    Ibs.  34.813,000 


TRENDS  IN  AGRICULTURAL   STATISTICAL 
DATA. 

Index  numbers,  basis  100=5  year 
/ average  1909-1913.- 


Year. 
1918...  167  172 


1917. 
1916. 
1915. 
1914. 
1913., 
1912.. 
1911., 
1910.. 
1909., 
1899., 


153     142      188      180    184      153     104 


136  114  117  120  119  125  97 

123  105  101  104  103  112  110 

111  104  100  112  106  103  105 

109  105  94  109  101  103  95 

103  102  104  98  101  102  110 

99  99  98  90  94  100  93 

96  95  102  108  105  99  101 

93  98  102  95  97 


45   68   68 


97     101 
86 


YEARLY  PERCENTAGE  CHANGE. 

1918... +   9    +21    +10    +17  +14    +32  —  4 

1917. ..  +  13  +24    +61    +49  +55    +23    +   7 

1916. ..+11    +    9    +15    +17  +16    +12  —12 

1915. ..  +  11    +    1    +    2  —  8  —  3    +   9    +    6 

1914...  +    2  —  2    +    6    +    3  +    5          0    +10 

1913...  +   5    +    3  —10    +12  0   +   1  —13 

1912. ..+    5    +    3    +    7    +    8  +    7+2    +19 


1911...  +    3    +    5  —  4  —16  —10   +    1  — 
0 + 


1910...  +    3  —  4 


+   1 


192 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


FARMS   AND   FARM   PROPERTY   IN    THE     UNITED    STATES. 


[From  census  bureau  report.] 

SUMMARY  FOR    1910  AND    1900. 

1910  (Apr.  15) .  1900  (June  1)  . 

Population I........            91.972,266  75.994,575 

Urban  populationt ,.. 42.623.383  31.609.645 

Rural    population* '. 49.348.883  44,384.930 

Number  of  all  farms 6.361,502  5.737,372 

Land  area  of  the  country,  acres 1,903,289.600  1,903.461.760 

Land  in  farms,  acres 878.798.325  838.591.774 

Improved  land  in  farms,  acres 478,451.750  414.498.487 

Average  acreage  per  farm*. 138.1  146.2 

Average  improved  acreage  per  farm.                        75.2  72.2 

Per  cent  of  total  land  area  in  farms.                        46.2  44.1 

Per  cent  of  land  in  farms  improved.                        54.4  49.4 

Per  cent  total  land  area  improved. .                        25.1  21.8 

Value  of  farm  property,  total 540.991.449.090  $20,439.901.164 

Land 28.475.674,169  13.058.007,995 

Buildings    6.325.451,528  3.556.639.496 

Implements  and  machinery.. 1,265.149.783  749.775.970 

Domestic  animals,  poultry,  bees...      4,925.173,610  3,075,477.703 

Av.  value  of  all  property  per  farm.                       6.444  3,563 
Average  value   of   all   property  per 

acre  of  land  in  farms 46.64  24.37 

Average  value  of  land  per  acre 32.40  15.57 


Increase. *- 

Amount. 

15,977.691 

11.013.738 

4,963.953 

624,130 

— 17"  1RO 

40.206.551 

63.953.263 

—8.1 

3.0 


Pet. 
21.0 
34.8 
11.2 
10.9 

'  '4'.8 
15.4 

-S3 


$20.551,547,926 

15.417.666,174 

2.768,812.032 

515.373.813 

1.849,695.907 

2.881 

22  °7 
16.'83 


77.8 
68.7 
60.1 
80.9 

91.4 

108.1 


•A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.  tPop- 
ulation  of  incorporated  places  having,  in  1910. 
2.500  or  more  inhabitants.  The  figure  for 
1900  does  not  represent  the  urban  population 


according  to  that  census,  but  is  the  population 
in  that  year  of  the  territory  classified  as 
urban  in  1910.  JTotal.  exclusive  of  urban. 


FARMS.  FARM  LAND  AND  FARM    PROPERTY    (1890  TO  1910). 


1910. 

1900 

1890 

Population    

91.972,266 

75,994.575 

62.947,714 

Number  of  all  farms  

6.361.502 

5,737.372- 

4.564.641 

Land  area  of  the  country,  acres  

1,903.289.600 

1,903,461.760 

1.903.337.600 

Land  in  farms,  acres  

878.798.325 

838.591.774 

623.218.619 

Improved  land  in  farms,  acres  

478.451,750 

414,498.487 

357.616,755 

Average  acreage  per  farm  

138.1 

146.2 

136.5 

Average  improved  acreage  per  farm  

75  2 

72.2 

78.3 

Per  cent  of  total  land  area  in  farms  

46  2 

44.1 

32.7 

Per  cent  of  land  in  farms  improved  

54  4 

49.4 

57.4 

Per  cent  of  total  land  area  improved  

25ll 

21.8 

18  8 

Value  of  farm  property,  total  

$40,991.449.090 

$20.439.901,164 

$16.082.267.689 

Land  and  buildings  

34,801,125.697 

16,614.647.491 

13,279,252,649 

Implements  and  machinery  

1.265.149.783 

749.775.970 

494,247.467 

Domestic  animals,   poultry  and  bees  

4.925,173,610 

3,075,477.703 

2.308.767.573 

Average  value  of  all  property  per  farm... 

6.444 

3,563 

3,523 

Average  value  of  all  property  per  acre  of 

land  in  farms  

46.64 

24.37 

25.81 

Av.  value  of  land  and  buildings  per  acre.. 

39.60 

19.81 

21.31 

Period. 
1900-1910  

AGRICULTU1 
Population. 
.  .  15  977  691 

IAL    INCR1 

Farms. 
624,130 
1.172,731 
555.734 
1.348.922 
615,908 
595.004 

2ASE    SINCE 
Acres.* 
40,206.551 
215.373.155 
87,136,784 
128,346,794 
522.503 
113.651.924 

1850. 

Improved.  t            Value,  t 
63.953,263    $20,551.547.926 
56,881.732         4.357,633.475 
72,845.713         3.901.766,151 
95,849.943         3,235.643,789 
25,810.379             964,364,686 
50,078.106         4,013,149.483 

1890-1900... 

.  .  13,046,861 

1880-1890   .. 

..  12.791.931 

1870-1880... 

,..11  597  412 

1860-1870    .. 

.    7  115  050 

1  850-1860 

8  251  445 

1880-1910—  Ar 
Per  cent 

aount  .  . 

..  ..41  816  483 

2,352.595 
58.7 
2,559.834 
176.6 

342,716,490 
63.9 
242,521.221 
82.6 

193.680.708 
68.0 
171.738.428 
151.9 

28,810.947.552 
236.5 
8,213,157.958 
207.0 

1850-1880—  Ac 
Per  cent 

26  963  907 

116  3 

1850-1910—  Amount  .. 

Per  cent..  .  .r     --- 

68.780.390 
296  6 

4.912,429 
339.0 
ved  land  in 

585,237,711 
199.4 
farms.      JOf 

365.419.136 
323.3 
farm  property. 

37,024.105.510 
933.2 

•In 

farms,     tlmpro 

FARMERS   BY   STATES    (1910). 


State. 
Alabama  . 

White. 
152  458 

Colored. 
110  443 

6  0°4 

3  203 

Arkansas    

151085 

63  593 

California    .  .  . 

3  078 

Colorado 

45  596 

574 

Connecticut    

26  702 

113 

Delaware    

9914 

922 

District  of  Columbia.. 
Florida 

205 
35  °95 

12 
14  721 

Georgia   .  . 

.     168.468 

122^59 

State.  White.  Colored. 

Idaho    30,402  405 

Illinois     .                                   .  250,447  1,425 

Indiana    214.680  805 

Iowa    216,843  201 

Kansas   .  176.150  1,691 

Kentucky   247.455  11,238 

Louisiana    65.667  54,879 

Maine  59.987  29 

Maryland    42.551  6,372 

Massachusetts    36.793  124 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


193 


State  White.  Colored. 

Michigan   206,014  946 

Minnesota    155.844 

Mississippi    109,645  164.737 

Missouri    .                               .  273,578  3.666 

Montana    25.018  1,196 

Nebraska    129.216  462 

Nevada    2,528  161 

New  Hampshire 27.038  15 

New   Jersey 33.011  476 

New  Mexico 33,528  2,148 

New  York 214,658  939 

North   Carolina 188.069  65.656 

North  Dakota 73,617  743 

Ohio    .                                         .  270.095  1,950 

Oklahoma    169,521  20,671 

Oregon    44,875  627 

Pennsylvania    218,749  546 

Rhode    Island 5,251  41 

South   Carolina 70,636  96,798 

South   Dakota 74.836  2.808 

Tennessee    207,704  33.308 

Texas    347.852  69.918 

Utah    21.400  276 

Vermont   ..                           ...  32,689  20 

Virginia    135,904  48.114 

Washington    55,067  1,125 

West   Virginia 95,977  708 

Wisconsin    176,536  591 

Wyoming    10,922  65 

Total    5,440.619     920.883 

Note— Colored  farmers  include  24.251  In- 
dians. 760  Chinese  and  2.502  Japanese.  The 
largest  number  of  Indian  farmers  were  found 
in  Oklahoma  (7.459).  Arizona  (3.159).  South 
Dakota  (2,740).  New  Mexico  (2,087),  North 
Carolina  (1,987),  Montana  (1,146),  New  York 
(635).  Washington  (673),  California  (628) 
and  Wisconsin  (541).  There  were  512  Chinese 
and  1.816  Japanese  farmers  in  California. 

FARMERS    AND    FARM    LABORERS    BY 
Class.  CLASSES   (1910).  Number. 

Dairy   farmers 61,816 

Farmers 5,865,003 

Gardeners,  etc 139.255 

Stock    raisers 52,521 


Corn  shellers,  etc. 
Apiarists   , 


5,617 
2,145 


Class.  Number. 

Poultry  raisers,  etc 15,384 

Others    5.894 

Total   farmers...  ...6,147.635 

Dairy    laborers 36.014 

Farm    laborers 5.947,500 

Foremen,  etc 47.591 

Garden  laborers 133  927 

Stock    herders 62.975 

Ditchers    15,198 


Total  farm  laborers 6.242,205 

NUMBER  OF   FARM    OPERATORS  (1910). 

Division.                                   Total.  Owners. 

New   England 188.802  168.408 

Middle    Atlantic 468,379  355,036 

East  North  Central 1.123.489  809.044 

West  North  Central 1.109,948  758,946 

South  Atlantic. 1.111,881  593.154 

East  South  Central 1.042,480  510.452 

West  South  Central 943.186  440.905 

Mountain  183,446  160.844 

Pacific    189,891  151,933 


United  States 6,361.502  3,948.722 

The  North 2.890,618  2.091.434 

The  South 3.097,547  1.544.511 

The  West 373,337       312,777 

East  of  Mississippi  river.  .3,935,031  2,436.094 
West  of  Mississippi  river.  .2.426.471  1.512.628 

Total  number  farm  tenants,  2.354.676;  farm 
managers,  58,104;  negro  farmers,  920.883 
(241,221  owners,  678.118  tenants  and  1,544 
managers) . 

WHITE    FARMERS    BY    NATIVITY. 


Born  in —       Number. 
Unit.  States  4,763,256 
Austria    . 
Hungary 
England 
Ireland    . 
Scotland 
Wales   ... 
France   .. 
Germany 
Holland 
Italy   .... 


33,336 

3.827 

39,728 

33,480 

10,220 

4,110 

5,832 

221.800 

13,790 

10,614 


Born  in— 
Poland  .... 
Denmark  . 
Norway  ... 
Sweden  ... 
Switzerland 


Other  European  17,689 
Canada  ....  61.878 
All  other...  10.333 
Not  reported  7.807 

Total 5.440.619 


Number. 
7.228 
28,375 
59.742 
67,543 
14,33 


CROPS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES   IN    1909. 

[Officially  reported  by  the  bureau  of  the  census.] 
Later  and  detailed    figures   on   the   principal  I      Crop.  Production. 

Tkna     afft     critr-on      £»laonrVi£>T*0     in      fViia      TTr»lnTYi£» 


crops  are  given  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 
Crop.  Production.  Value. 

Cereals,  bu 4,512,564.465  $2,665,539,714 

Corn,    bu 2,552.189,630      1,438,553,919 

Oats,    bu 1.007,142,980         414.697,422 

Wheat,    bu 683.379,259         657.656.801 

Barley,   bu 173,344,212  92,458,571 

Buckwheat,  bu.       14,849.332  9,330.592 

29,520,457  20.421,812 

17.597.305  10,816.940 


Rye,   bu 

Kafir  corn,  bu. 
Emmer,      spelt. 

bu 12,702,710 

Rough  rice.  bu.      21,838,580 
Other     grains, 

seeds    

Dry       edible 

beans,   bu....       11,251,160 
Other  beans, 

bu 179.733 

Dry  peas.  bu...  7,129.294 
Peanuts,  bu..  .  19,415,816 
Flaxseed.  bu...  19,512.765 
Mis  cellaneous 

seeds  

Grass  seed.  bu.  6,671,348 
Flower,  v  e  g  e- 

table   seeds 

Hay   and   forage. 

tons    97.453,735 

Tobacco.  Ibs 1.065,764.806 

Cotton,  bales. . .  .  10.649.268 
Cotton  seed,  tons  5.324.634 
Sugar  crops 


5.584.050 
16,019.607 

97.536.085 
21,771.482 

241,060 
10,963,739 
18,271,515 
28,970,554 

768,625 
15,137.683 

1,411.013 

824.004.877 
104.302,856 
703,619.303 
121.076,984 
61.648.942 


3.392.857 


1,647.262 
6.240.260 


Sorghum   cane. 

tons    

Sugar  cane,  tons 
Maple  sugar 

and    sirup 

Minor   crops 

Broom     corn, 

Ibs 78,959.958 

Hemp.    Ibs 7.483,295 

Hops,  Ibs 40.718.748 

All   other 

Vegetables    

Potatoes,    bu...     389.194.965 
Sweet  potatoes, 

bu 59,232.070 

Other      v  e  g  e- 

tables   

Fruits  and  nuts 

Small  fruits,  qts.   426.565.863 
S  t  r  a  wberries. 

qts 

Blackberries.qts. 
Raspberries.qts. 
Cranberries.qts. 
All  other,  qts.. 

Apples,    bu 

Peaches,  bu.  .  . 

Pears,    bu 

Plums,    prunes. 

bu 

Cherries,    bu.  .         4.126,099 


255.702.035 
55.343.570 
60,918.196 
38.243.060 
16.359.002 

147,522,318 

35,470.276 

8.840,733 


Value. 
$19,880,724 

10.174,457 
26.415.952 

5.177.809 
18.068.658 

5,134.434 

412,699 

7,844.745 

4.676.780 

418,110.154 

166,423.910 

35.429.176 

216,257.068 

222,024.216 

29,974.481 

17.913,926 
3.909.831 
5,132.277 
1.755.613 
1.262.^ 

f3,231.4J 
8.781.078 
7.910.600 

10.299.496 
7,231.160 


194 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Crop.                       Production.            Value. 
Apricots,     bu..         4,150,263           $2,884,119 
All  other,  bu..            493.836                 529.403 
Grapes.    Ibs...  .2,571.065.205           22,027.961 
Tropical  fruits                                          24  706  753 

Crop.                      Production.            Value. 
Forest      farm 
products   8195,306.283 

Total,  all  crops  5.487,161.223 

Oranges,    boxes      19.487.481           17,566.464 
Lemons,    boxes         2.770.313              2.993,738 
G  r  a  p  e  f  r  uit, 
boxes    .                    1.189.250             2,060  610 

Total.  1899  2,998.704,412 
Kafir  C'orn  and  Millo  Maize* 
State.                 Acres.              Bu.              Value. 
Arkansas  ...           1,294           15,284         812.074 
California    ..         44,308         938.049         725.704 
Colorado  ...          11,971         139,234            94.486 
Kansas    388,495      5,115,415      3.046.799 
Missouri    ...         15.543         228,386         152,246 
Nebraska    ..            2.016            20,212            15.712 
New  Mexico         63.570         543,350         392.393 
Oklahoma    .        532.515      4,658,752      2.531.036 
Texas                    573  384      5  860  444      3  785  453 

Figs.   Ibs  35.060.395                 803,810 
Ore  hard   fruits. 
bu  216083,695         140.857.347 

Pi  neapples, 
crates    .                      778,651                 734.090 

Olives.   Ibs  16.405.493                 404.574 
All   other  143.467 

Nuts.   Ibs  62,328.010              4,447,674 
Almonds.  Ibs...         6.673.539                 711.970 
Pecans.  Ibs  9,890.769                 971.596 
Walnuts.    Ibs...       22.026.524             2.297.336 
All    other.    Ibs.       23.617.178                 466.772 
Flowers     plants             34  872  329 

U.  S  1635153   17597,305   10.816.940 

Total.   1899    266.513      5.169,113      1.367.040 
*Kaflr  corn  and  millo  maize  are  cereals  be- 
longing to  the  millet  family  and  used  in  this 
country  mainly  as  feed  for  live   stock.     They 
are  making  headway  as  dry  farming  crops. 

DF  FARM  PRODUCTS.     ,  Animals  and  v 
f  Crops.  »          animal  products. 
Value.             tPct.              Value.             tPct. 
82.759.569,547       63.6     81,579.376.282       36.4 
2.998.704.412       63.6       1.718.365,561       36.4 
3.191.941.763       63.7        1.817.653.243       36.3 
3.385.179.114       63.8        1.916.940.925       36.2 
3.578.416,465       64.0        2.016.228.607       36.0 
3.771.653,816       64.1        2.115.516.288       35.9 
3.981.675.866       65.0        2.140,102.135       35.0 
4.012.652.758       64.0        2.261.344.604       36.0 
4.263.134.353       63.0        2.501,076.070       37.0 
4.761.111.839       63.6        2.726.876.783      36.4 
5,098.292.549       64.6        2.792.332.973      35.4 
5.487.161.223       64.1        3.071,000.000       35.9 
5.486,373,550       60.7        3.551.017.194       39.3 
5.562.058.150       63.1        3.257.116.809       36.9 
5.842.220.449       62.5        3.500.569,700      37.5 
6.132.758,962       62.3        3.716.753.549       37.7 
6.111.684.020       61.8        3.783.276.511       38.2 
6.907.187.000       64.1        3.868.304.000       35.9 
9.110.868.000       67.7        4.338.442.000       32.3 
14.222.000.000       66.5         7.164.000.000      33.5 
13.479,000.000       69.7        6.582,000.000      30.3 

BOUGHT  BY  FARMERS. 

tnent  of  agriculture  for  1918.] 
Items.                                       1918       1914       1909 
Manure  spreaders.  .each8178.  008106.708111.  60 
Milk  cans.  10  gal.,  each        5.70        2".45        2.40 
Milk   pails                 each          .92          .45          .43 

Nursery  products            21  050  822 

ESTIMATED  VALUE 

Year.                                                             Total. 
1898                                                    .    84  338  945  829 

1899*  ,      4.717.069.973 

1900...           .     .     .                                5009595006 

1901                                                           5  302  120  039 

1902                                                          5  594  645  072 

1903...                                                     5.887.170.104 

1904.   .                                                     6  121  778  001 

1905                                                          6  273  997  362 

1906.  .  .                                                     6  764  210  423 

1907                                                          7487988622 

1908                                                          7  890  625  522 

1909*...                                         ...      8558161223 

1910  .                                                       9  037  390  744 

1911...                                                      8.819174959 

1912  9342790149 

1913                                                          9  849  512  511 

1914  9.894  960  531 

1915  10775490000 

1916                                                        13449310000 

1917                                                       21386000000 

1918  19331000000 

•Census.     tPercentage  of  whole. 

PRICES  OF  ARTICLES  1 

[From  year-book  of  the  depart 
Items.                                  1918.     1914.     1909. 
Axes     each     $185     8096     8089 

Axle  grease                 box           16           11           11 

Barb  wire  100  Ibs.        6.14        3.08        2.98 
Barrels,  for  apples,  each          .51          .25    
Baskets.  %  bushel,  each          .55          .38          .35 
Bone     meal  ton     55.30     31.90     .    ... 

Mowers    .              ...each     80.00     46.50     44.30 
Nails   100  Ibs.        6.35        3.40        3.34 
Overalls                       pair       2  42          .89          .82 

Buggies  each  11000     7010     6490 

Paint   brushes           each        1  06           54          .49 

Buggy     whips  each          .74          .42          .40 
Calico    yard           22           06           06 

Paint,     mixed  gal.        3.55        1.74        1.62 

Paris   green                   lb            67           30          .29 

Churns    each       4.05        2.30        2,19 

Picks                            each        1.28          .72          .71 

Pincers                        each           97           51          .49 

Coal  oil    ...   .             gal            19           13           15 

Pitchforks                  each        1  °2           66           62 

Coffee                              lb            28           24           21 

Plows    each     23.00      12.10      11.50 
Portl'd    cement.  100  Ibs.        1.10          .69          .70 
Rain  coats    each        8.50       4.40        4.25 
Rope,    hemp  lb.          .37          .14          .13 
Rubber   boots  pair       5.30        3.75        3.55 

Corn  knives...  .      each           57          *29 

Cream    separators,  .each     89.00     59.30     63.10 
Dung1  forks  .  .  .          each        1  32           76           70 

Fertilizer,    comm'l.    ton     39.50     23.20     22.15 
Flour  brl       1230        640        630 

Sacks      grain            each           46           16          .16 

Fruit     jars                  doz         1  10           74           73 

Saddles    each     37.80     20.35     17.45 
Salt    for  stock           brl         2  75        1  65       1  50 

Gasoline    gal            29           17           20 

Halters    each        1.75           95           85 

Saw's      buck              each        1  58          .92          .89 

Harness  each     2530      1525     1350 

Scythes                        each        1  70        1  06        1.02 

Harrows  each     26.20     11.60     1120 

Sheeting                      yard           50          .18          .17 

Hatchets                     each        1  14           62           59 

Shingles    1.000        5.50        3.70        3.50 
Shirts    flannel           each        3  25        1.41        1.34 

Hoes     each          .80          !45          !41 
Horse   blankets  each       4.70        2.40        2-25 
Jumpers  each        238           83           77 

Shoes                            pair       4  05        2  30        2.00 

Shovels                        each        1  50           78           74 

Lamps    each           92           52          *50 

Staples     .         ...100  Ibs.        6.80        3.75        3.69 
Steel    wire  100  Ibs.        6.80        3.55        3.43 
Stoves  each     50.00     24.00     22.50 

Lanterns   each        1  .30          .80          !77 
Lime    brl.        2.41        1.36        1.29 
Linseed     oil  pal.        2.17          .82          .79 
Lumber,     1-inch.  100  ft.       3.65       2.10       1.95 

Sugar                            ..lb         i.ll           06          .06 

Sulphur  ..                ...lb.          .13          .08          .07 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


195 


Items                                      1918       1914  1909 

Tedders   each  $71.50  839.50  839.00 

Tin  pails each          .60          .27  .25 

.  Twine,    binder Ib.          .28          .11  .10 

Wasong.   double.... each  125.00     73.25  66.00 


Items.  1918  1914  1909 

Wheelbarrows     ....each  84.90  82.97  82.80 

Wire    fence rod  .61  .31  .31 

Wooden   buckets. .  .each  .90  .35  .31 

Wooden   washtubs .  each  1.65  .83  .77 


WAGES    OF   MALE    FARM   LABOR. 

[From,  year-book   of  the  department   of  agriculture    for   1918.] 

/ Per  month. N     ^-Per  day  at  harvest.-^ 

With  board.  Without        Withboard.      Without 

State  and  division.  1918.  1910.  1918.  1910.   1918.  1910.  1918    1910 

Maine    846.50  823.50  865.50  834.5082. 70  81.50  83.70  81.95* 

New   Hampshire 42.50  23.50      63.50  35.50    2.80  1.35    3.55      1.84 

Vermont     43.00  25.00       62.00  35.50    2.82  1.75    3.60      2.25 

Massachusetts 43.00  22.75       66.50  37.20    2.77  1.42    3.45      1  92 

Rhode    Island 40.00  21.00       62.00  34.00     2.50  1.35    340      2*05 

Connecticut    44.00  21.00      63.00  36.00     2.60  1.55    3.40      2X)0 


New     York 40.00 

New     Jersey 40.50 

Pennsylvania    34.00 


23.50  56.50  35.00  3.00  1.80  3.65  2.22 
19.50  61.00  31.50  3.05  1.70  3.81  2.15 
18.75  52.00  29.00  2.70  1.50  3.30  1.96 


North  Atlantic 38.95     21.65      57.24     33.19    2.85     1.63    3.52     2.08 


Maryland    

29  50 

13.50      45.00      21.50 
14.00      30.50      19.50 
19.40      54.50      29.00 
13.60      37.50      19.50 
12.00      28.00      16.50 
13.00      32.60      18.00 
15.00      38.00      25.00 

2.85     1.26    3.50      1.64 
2.25      1.15     2.80      1.44 
2.50      1.28     3.10      1.65 
1.94      1.03     2.42      1.28 
1.50        .96    1.75      1,12 
1.62        .98     2.00      1.23 
1.49      1.10    2.05      1.46 

Virginia    • 

27  70 

West     Virginia  

36  90 

26  50 

21  00 

23  00 

Florida   

25.00 

26  21 

13.77      37.44     19.75 
21.00      49.70     29.00 
20.50      47.00      28.40 
24.50      52.00      32.90 
23.00      52.50      33.00 
26.00       60.20      37.25 

1.95     1.07    2.41     1.33 
3.00     1.67    3.67     2.07 
3.05      1.70    3.65      2.07 
3.43      1.90    4.12      2.30 
2.85      1.64    3.50      2.10 
3.00      1.76    3.64      2.20 

Ohio 

35  50 

34  00 

Illinois 

38  20 

37.50 

'Wisconsin    

43.50 

N.  C.  E.  Mississippi  I 

i,iver  37  51 

22.94      51.91     31.81 
26.00      62.70     38.00 
28.00      64.00      39.00 
21.50      45.00      29.50 
29.00      72.00      42.00 
27.00       77.50      39.00 
26.50      67.00      38.00 
24.00      56.40      34.00 

3.09      1.75    3.75      2.16 
3.90     2.23    4.50     2.65 
3.65      2.12    4.30      2.51 
2.85      1.55     3.45      1.93 
4.50      2.40     5.50      3.03 
4.40      2.35     5.05      2.95 
4.14      2.14    4.90      2.60 
4.14      2.18    4.65      2.57 

47  10 

50.00 

35  00 

North    Dakota  

52.00 

55.70 

49  00 

Kansas    

40.80 

N.  C.  W.  Misissippi 

River                        44  68 

25.10      49.32     35.45 
16.00      41.00     23.10 
14.00      35.70      20.00 
13.00      30.00      18.50 
13.30      30.50      19.50 
13.50      35.90     20.25 
18.00      43.00      24.50 
19.10      50.00      28.10 
16.25      40.50      24.00 

3.72     2.01    4.36     2.43 
2.40     1.36    2.90     1.71 
1.95      1.14     2.45      1.44 
1.40        .98     1.80      1.26 
1.35        .93    1.75      1.22 
1.70        .90    2.10      1.25 
2.05      1.22     2.60      1.57 
3.15      1.60    3.70      1.97 
2.12      1.20    2.65      1.55 

29.00 

25.10 

21.20 

21.50 

23.70 

31.00 

35.00 

Arkansas    

28.50 

27.19 

15.28      38.57     21.90 
38.00      83.00     50.00 
35.00       83.00      49.00 
29.50       73.50      44.50 
24.50       59.00      34.25 
30.00       80.00     40.00 
35.00       84.00      47.50 
37.00       85.00      54.00 
35.00       86.25      49.50 
33.00       85.00      50.00 
32.00       76.00      44.50 
33.00       78.00      47.00 

2.01     1.14    2.49     1.47 
3.80     2.05    4.75     2.80 
3.60      1.90     4.50      2.50 
3.40      1.95     4.30      2.47 
2.25      1.46    2.75      1.88 
2.65      1.72     3.40      2.24 
3.15      1.78     3.80      2.20 
3.20      1.82     3.85      2.38 
3.60      2.20     4.45      2.80 
4.00      2.42     4.75      2.78 
3.60      2.12     4.22      2.60 
3.25      1.98     4.00      2.48 

59  50 

60  00 

51.00 

40.00 

56.00 

Utah         

64.00 

65.00 

Idaho 

64.00 

63.00 

58.00 

54.20 

56.68 

32.69       78.64      46.48 
19.21      47.07     27.50 

SINCE  1866. 

By  the  month. 
With  Without 
Year.      Board,  board. 
1911.  ...820.  18  828.77 
1912....    20.81      29.58 
1913....  21.38      30.31 
1914....   21.05      29.88 
Day    labor    at    harvf 
from  92  cents  with  bo 
board  in  1895  to  82.65 
without  board  in  1918 

3.39     2.02    4.14     2.52 
2.65     1.46    3.22     1.82 

By  the  month. 
With  Without 
Year.      board,  board. 
1915..  ..821.26  830.15 
1916....   23.25      32.83 
1917....   28.87      40.43 
1918....   34.92      47.07 
,st    time   has    advanced 
ard  and  81.14  without 
with  board  and  *3.22 

United   States 

.  .    .  .       34  92 

By  the  month. 
With  Without 
Year.        board,  board. 
1866.      817.45    826.87 
1869.         16.55      25.92 
1875.         12.72      19.87 
1879.         10.43      16.42 
1882.         12.41      18.94 
1885.         12.34      17.97 
1888..       12.36      18.24 
1890..       12.45      18.33 

FARM  WAGES 

By  the  month. 
With  Without 
Year.        board,  board. 
1892.   .  812.54  818.60 
1893.         13.29      19.10 
1894.         12.16      17.74 
1895.         12.02      17.69 
1898.         13.43      19.38 
1899.         14.07      20.23 
1902.         16.40     22.14 
1910.   ..    19.21      27.50 

196 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Alabama 

Arizona   

Arkansas  

California  

Colorado 

Connecticut  

Delaware   

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Florida   

•Georgia    

Idaho    

Illinois    

Indiana    

Iowa* 

Kansas    

Kentucky 

Xiouisiana  '. 

*April  15.  1910; 


2.395.270 

272.034 

1.792.965 

3.119.412 

1.014.581 

1.286.268 

216.941 

374.584 

938.877 

2.935.617 

461.766 

6.317.734 

2.854.167 

2,224.771 

1.874.195 

2.408.547 

1.884.778 


STATISTICS    OF    POPULATION. 

UNITED  STATES.   JULY  1.   1918. 
[United  States  census  bureau  estimate.] 


decrease  since  1900. 


Maine   782.191 

Maryland    1.384.539 

Massachusetts  ....  3.832.790 

Michigan 3.133,678 

Minnesota    2.345.287 

Mississippi   2.001.466 

Missouri  3.448,498 

Montana    486.376 

Nebraska    1.296.877 

Nevada  114.742 

New  Hampshire . . .  446.352 

New  Jersey 3.080.371 

New  Mexico 437.015 

New    York 10.646.989 

North  Carolina....  2.466.025 

North  Dakota 791.437 

Ohio    5.273.814 


Oklahoma    2.377.629 

Oregon    888.243 

Pennsylvania 8.798,067 

Rhode  Island 637.415 

South  Carolina....  1.660.934 

South    Dakota 735.434 

Tennessee  2.321.253 

Texas 4.601.279 

Utah  453.648 

Vermont  366.192 

Virginia    2.234,030 

Washington  1.660.578 

West  Virginia 1.439.165 

Wisconsin  2.553.983 

Wyoming    190.380 


Total  105.253.300 


UNITED  STATES  AND  POSSESSIONS. 

{United  States  census  bureau  estimate  as  of 

June  1.  1918.] 

Continental    United    States 105.118,467 

Alaska 64,984 

Guam   14.142 

Hawaii    223,099 

Panama  Canal  Zone 23.295 

Philippine  islands 9.009,802 

Porto  Rico 1.246.361 

Samoa   7,550 


Total    115.707.700 

WHITE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION. 

Estimated  as  of  July  1.  1917. 

State.  White.  Colored. 

Alabama 1.395.028  968.911 

Arizona     228,819  34.969 

Arkansas    1.267,123  499,220 

California  2.885,205  143.827 

Colorado   i....  969,093  19,227 

Connecticut    1,249,614  15,759 

Delaware    183.602  31.558 

Dist.  of  Columbia 268.681  100.601 

Florida  550.427  365.758 

Georgia    -.1,614,663  1.281.178 

Idaho    439,464  5,712 

Illinois    6,105.154  129,841 

Indiana    2.772.418  63,074 

Iowa* 2.209.191  15.580 

Kansas    1.793,506  58,364 

Kentucky    2,148,863  245,230 

Louisiana   1,095,453  761.501 

Maine    774,863  2,477 

Maryland    a, 143, 092  250,581 

Massachusetts    3.730,171  45,802 

Michigan    3,067,511  26.755 

Minnesota    2.294,413  18,032 

Mississippi  891,890  1.084,680 

Missouri 3,273,689  155,906 

Montana    458,611  14,324 

Nebraska    1,270.637  13,489 

Nevada  102.650  8.088 

New  Hampshire 443.859  570 

New  Jersey 2,908,379  105,815 

New  Mexico  395,391  28,258 

New   York 10,288,042  172,140 

North    Carolina 1,673.443  760,938 

North  Dakota 758.289  7,030 

Ohio     5.088.998  123.087 

Oklahoma    2,009,758  280,097 

Oregon    845,250  16.742 

Pennsylvania     8.435.673  224,369 

Rhode     Island 615.300  10,565 

South  Carolina 767.745  875,460 

South  Dakota..., 697,394  19.578 

Tennessee 1.836,433  468.196 

Texas    3,204.848  742,537 

Utah    435,286  8.580 

"Vermont    362.711  2,235 

Virginia    1.533.577  679.448 


State.  White. 

Washington 1,556,433 

West     Virginia 1.333,163 

Wisconsin 2.512.275 

Wyoming1    177.740 


Colored.. 

40.967 

79.439 

14.892 

7.230 


Total   92.624.941     11.010.365 

*Population.  April  15.  1910;  decrease  since 

1900:  no  estimate  made. 

Colored  Population  of  Cities. 
Estimated  as  of  July  1.  1917. 

Atlanta    60.143.  Los   Angeles...   23.137 

Baltimore. ... 

Birmingham 

Boston    . . . 

Charleston 

Chicago    .. 

Cincinnati 

Columbus 

Houston 


Indianapolis 
Kansas    City. 


89,009 
70,347 
17.048 
30.704 
67.176 
22.413 
16,182 


34.522 
26,798 
27,943 


Memphis  54.37* 


Nashville 


J5.96J 


New    Orleans..   98,075 

New   York 119.922 

Philadelphia  ..101.420 
Pittsburgh  ....  28,433 
Richmond  66.478 


St.  Louis 50.882 

San  Francisco.    16,528 
Washington    ..100.601 


METROPOLITAN  DISTRICTS  IN  THE  UNITED 
STATES:    (1910). 

A  metropolitan  district  is  denned  as  consist- 
ing of  the  city  together  with  the  urban  por- 
tion of  the  territory  lying  within  ten  miles  of 
the  city  limits.  The  following  table  shows  the 
metropolitan  districts  of  cities  having  a  popu- 
lation Of  200,000  or  more  in  1910: 

Metropolitan  City 

City.  district,     proper.    Outside. 

New  York 6,474,568    4,766,883    1,707.685 

Chicago    2,446,921    2,185,283        261,638 

Philadelphia    1,972,342    1,549.008       423,334 

Boston     1,520,470       670,585 

Pittsburgh    1,042.855        533.905 

St.   Louis 828,733        687,029 

San    Francisco-Oakland   686,873       416,912 

Oakland   150,174 

Baltimore    658.715        558.485 

Cleveland     613,270       560,663 

Cincinnati  563,804       363,591 

Minneapolis-St.   Paul...    526,256       301,408 

St.  Paul 214.744 

Detroit    500.982       465.766 

Buffalo    488,661        423.715 

Los  Angeles 438.226       319.198 

Milwaukee    427.175       373.857 

Providence    395,972       224,326 

Washington    367.869       331,069 

New   Orleans 348.109       339.075 

Kansas    City   (Mo.    and 

Kas.)    340.446       248.381 

Kansas  City,   Kas 82.331 

Louisville    286.158       223,928 

Rochester     248,512       218,149         30.363 

Seattle    239.269       237.194  2.075 

Indianapolis     237.783       233.650  4.133 

Denver     219.314       213,381          6,933 

Portland.   Ore 215.048      207.314          7.834 


508,950 
141.704 
119.787 

166!  230 
52,607 

200,213 
10.104 


64,946 
119,028 

63.318 
171.646 

36.800 
9,034 

9,374 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


197 


POPULATION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    AT    EACH    CENSUS    (1850-1910). 
[From  the  reports  of  the  superintendents  of  the  census.] 


STATE  OR 
TEURITOKY 

1910. 

] 

181 
25'. 

21  ; 

31 
2!) 
42  1 
32 
11 
43 
3 
8 
10 
22 
12 
23 
30 
26 
7 
9 
19 
20 
5 
41 
27 
45 
PR 
M 
1 
» 
39 
4 

900. 

1890. 

1880. 

1870. 

1860. 

1850. 

Alabama  
Arkansas  
California  . 

11 

12 
32  ; 
31 
44 
33 
10 
43 

1 

15' 
22 
14 
24 
84 

8 

6 
8 
19 
21 
? 
40 
29 

4>; 

39 

'i 

IB 
37 
4 
K 

2.138.093 
1,574.449 
2.377.549 
799.024 
1,114.756 
202.322 
752.619 
2,609.121 
326.594 
5.638.591 
2.700,876 
2.224.771 
1.690.949 
2.289.905 
1.656  388 
742.371 
1.295.346 
3.366.416 
2.810.173 
2.075.708 
1.797.114 
3.293.335 
376.053 
1.192.2H 
81.87? 
430.572 
2.537.167 
9.113.014 
2,206.287 
577,056 
4.767.121 
1  657  155 

1.828.697 
1.311,5fi4 
1.485.053 
539,700 
908.420 
184.735 
528.542 
2,216.331 
161.772 
4,821.550 
2.516.462 
2.231.853 
1,470.495 
2.147.174 
1,381.695 
694.466 
1.188.044 
2.805.346 
2.420,982 
1,751.394 
1.551.270 
3.106.665 
243.329 
1,066.300 
42.335 
411.588 
1,RK?,««» 
7.268.894 
1,893.810 
319.146 
4,157.545 

ir 

24 
22 
31 
29 
41 
32 
12 
43 

10 
19 
11 
25 
80 
27 
1 
9 
20 
21 
5 
42 
26 
45 
33 
18 
1 
16 
80 
4 

1.513.017 
1.128.179 
1,208.130 
412.198 
746,258 
168.493 
391,422 
1,837.3.53 
84.385 
3.826.351 
2.192.404 
1.911.896 
1.427.0!*; 
1,858.635 
1,118.587 
661.086 
1.042.390 
2.238.943 
2.003.889 
1.301.S26 
1.289.600 
2,679.184 
132.159 
1,058.910 
45.761 
376.530 
1,444.933 
5.997.853 
1,617.947 
182.719 
3,672.316 

17 
25 
24 
35 
28 
37 
34 
18 

1.262.505 
802,525 
864.K94 
194.327 
622,700 
146.608 
289.493 
1,542,180 

16 
26 

24 

25  ' 
34 
33 
12 

996,992 
484.471 
560,247 
39,864 
537.454 
125.015 
187.748 
1,184,109 

13 
K 

26 

'ii' 

32 
31 
11 

964.201 
435.450 
379.994 
34.277 
460.147 
112.216 
140.424 
1.057.286 

12 

26 

29 

21 

30 
31 
9 

771.623. 
209.897 
92,597 

87'.445- 
906,185> 

Colorado  
Connecticut  

Florida 

Georgia  
Idaho  
Illinois  

4 
6 
10 
20 

8 
22 

27 

1 

9 
26 
13 
5 

3.077,871 
1,978.301 
1.624.615 
996.096 
1,64S,C>90 
939.946 
648.936 
934,943 
1.78H.085 
1,636.937 
780.773 
1.131.597 
2,168,380 

4 
S 

11 
29 
8 
21 
23 
20 

13 
28 
18 
5 

2,539.891 
1.680.637 
1,194.020 
364.399 
1,321,011 
726.915 
626.915 
780.894 
1.457.351 
1.1P4.059 
489.708 
827,922 
1,721,295 

4 

6 
20 
33 

i? 

22 
19 

Ifl 

30 
14 

8 

1.711.^51 

1,350.428 
674.913 
107.206 

1,1:>5.68J 

6871649 
1,231.066 
749.113 
172.023 

1,182;012 

11 
7 
27 

988!416. 
192',214 

8 
18 
16 

17 
6 
20 
88 
15 
13 

982,405- 
517.762 
583,169 
583.034 
994.514 
397.654 
6,077 
606,526 
682,044 

Jjouisiana  
Maine  
Maryland  
Massachusetts.  . 
Michigan  
Minnesota  
Mississippi.  ... 

30 
38 
31 
19 

,1 

"9 

452,402 
62.266 
346.991 
1,131.116 
5.082.871 
1,399,750 

35 
37 
31 
17 
1 
14 

122.993 
42.491 
318.300 
906,096 
4.382.759 
1,671,361 

35 

86 
27 

2! 

12 

28,84i 
6.857 
326,073 
672.035 
3,880.735 
992,622 

New  Hampshire. 
New  Jersey  
Sew  York  
orth  Carolina... 
North  Dakota  — 
Ohio  

22 

1 

10 

317.97& 

489,655 
3,097,394 
869,039- 

3,198,062 

3 

2.665.260 

3 

2,339.511 

3 

1,980,829- 

** 

£ 
26 

36 
17 
5 
41 
42 
20 
30 
2S 
13 
45 

672.765 
7,665.111 
542,610 
1.515.400 
583.888 
2.184.78! 
3,896.542 
373.351 
355.956 
2,061.612 
1,141.990 
1.221.119 
2,333,860 
145,965 

35 
2 
34 
24 
37 
13 
t; 
40 
38 
17 

i 

14 
44 

413,536 
6,302.115 
428.556 
1,340.316 
401.570 
2.020.61P 
3.048.710 
276.749 
343.641 
1,854.184 
518.1tt 
95S.«(X 
2,069.042 
92,531 

74,610,523 

38 
2 
35 
23 
37 
13 

,1 

3<! 
15 
34 
28 
14 
44 

313,76" 
5,258.014 
345.5% 
1,151.149 
328.808 
1.767.518 
2.235.523 
207.905 
332.422 
1,655.980 
349.390 
762.794 
1,6*6.880 
60.705 

36 
2 
33 

21 

'ii 
11 

174.768 
4,282.891 
276.531 
995.577 

1,542.359 
1,591,749 

K 

I 

22 

• 

19 

90.923 
3,521.951 
217.353 
705.606 

'  1,258.526 
818,579 

34 

it 

18 

'io 

23 

52,465 
2,906.215 
174,620 
703.708 

'  iVmsoi 

604,215 

32 

2! 

14 

"5" 
25 

13.294 
2,311.786 
147.54& 
668,507 

'  I,002'.7i7 
212,592 

Pennsylvania.. 
Rhode  Island  
South  Carolina.. 
South  Dakota  — 
Tennessee  

Utah  
Vermont  

32 
14 

332.286 
1,512,565 

30 
10 

330.551 
1.225.163 

28 
5 

315.098 
1,596.318 

23 
4 

314,120 
1,421,661 

Virginia  

Washington  
West  Virginia... 
Wisconsin  
Wyoming  

The  states  
Alaska 

29 
16 

618.457 
1,315.497 

27 
15 

442.014 
1,054.670 

'i£ 

'"775.881 

'24' 

'"305,391 

49.371,340 

38.155.505 

11^ 

91.109.542 

6^356 
204,354 

62.llfi.811 

— 

31,218.0-21 

28.067,262- 

5 
3 

7 
6 

63.592 
122.98 

4 

59.62C 

6 
3 
1 

40.440 
135,17" 
177,624 

8 
1 

9658 
14.181 
131,700 

2 

Dakota 

4.837 
75.080 

Dist.  of  Columbia 
Hawaii  
Idaho  

ji 

asi,ow 

191,909 

3 
5 

278.718 
154.00 

1 

230,392 

2 

"'5i',687- 

8 

32,610 

"6 

Indian  Territory 

2 

392,060 

14,999 

7 
4 

39.15' 
119.560 

New  Mexico  
Oklahoma..    . 

2 

327,30 

4 

1 

195.31(1 
398,I>3 

91.219 

2 
8 

153.59T 
61.834 

5 
1 

20.59? 
91,874 

1 

93.516 

1 

61.54T 

Inserv.  U.S.  sta- 
tioned abroad.  . 
Utah  

55,608 

2 
5 
9 

143,96; 
75.116 
20,789 

3 
4 
9 

86,7* 
23.95E 
9.118 

8 
4 

40.273 
11,594 

3 

11.380- 

VVastilneton  . 

Wyoming  

Porto  Rico  1. 

1  1  IS  012 

The  territories 
United  States.. 
Per  cent  of  gain. 

2,292,60- 

1.604,943 

... 

505.431 

784,44: 

402.8ft 

225,30(1 

124.614 

... 

93,402.15 

... 

70,303.38" 

... 

G2.C22,25C 

50,155,78o 

... 

38.588,371 

... 

31.443,321 

23,191,876 

20.9 

21 

24.9 

30.08 

22.65 

35.58 

35.86 

NOTE — The    narrow    column    under   each   census  I  tories  when  arranged  according  to  magnitude  of 
year    shows   the   order   of   the   states   and   terri-  I  population. 

CENSUS   OF   1910   AND   1900. 


The  thirteenth  census  of  the  United  States  -was 
taken  by  the  bureau  of  the  census  ns  of  April 
15,  1910.  It  included  continental  United  States. 
thr>  territories  of  Alaska  and  Hawaii  and  Porto 
Rico;  also  persons  in  the  military  and  naval 
service  who  were  stationed  abroad.  The  popu- 
Intion  according  to  this  division,  compared  with 
that  in  1900,  was:  1910.  19^0. 

Alaska    64.35*5  R?  K92 

Hawaii     191,909         154,001 


1910.  1900. 

Porto  Rico 1,118,012       *953,243 

Soldiers  and  sailors  abroad....        55.6U8  91.219 

Noncontiguous    territory 1,429,885      1,262,055 

Continental  United  States .91.972.266    75.994.57S 

United    States    (area   of  enu- 
meration)     93.402,151  t77.256.63O 

*Census  of  1899.     tlncludes  953,243  persons  enu- 
merated In  Porto  Rico  in  1899. 


198 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


POPULATION    OF  THE   UNITED    STATES    AT    EACH    CENSUS    (1790-1840). 
[From  the  reports  of  the  superintendents  of  the  census.] 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

1840. 

1830. 

1820. 

1810. 

1800. 

1790. 

Alabama  
Arkansas  . 

12 

"i 

590,756 
97,574 

15 
?7 

309,527 
30!388 

« 

127,901 
14J273 

California...             

Colorado  

• 

Connecticut  

?n 

309,978 

16 

297,675 

14 

275.248 

q 

261,942 

R 

251,002 

8 

237964 

Delaware 

•>fi 

78085 

•><( 

76,748 

99 

72749 

iq 

72674 

17 

64,273 

Ifi 

59  096 

Florida 

97 

54,477 

K 

34,730 

Georgia 

q 

691,392 

in 

516,823 

11 

340,98? 

11 

252  433 

T> 

162,686 

T? 

82  548 

Idaho  i 

Illinois  

14 

476,  18J 

w 

157,445 

?4 

55,211 

n 

12,282 

Indiana  

in 

685,866 

18 

343,031 

18 

147,178 

?i 

24,520 

?n 

5,641 

?,R 

43,112 

Kansas  

6 

779.828 

H 

687,917 

fi 

564.317 

7 

406511 

q 

220955 

11 

73  677 

Louisiana  . 

19 

352,411 

1M 

215,739 

17 

153.407 

18 

76556 

Maine..             

13 

501,793 

]?, 

399.455 

1? 

298,335 

It 

14 

151  719 

11 

96540 

Maryland  

470,019 

11 

447,040 

in 

407.350 

8 

SSO'cifi 

7 

fi 

319  728 

Massachusetts  
Michigan  

?! 

737.699 
212,267 

8 
26 

610,408 
31,639 

i 

523.287 
8,765 

5 

94 

472.040 
4.762 

5 

422,845 

4 

378,787 

17 

375.651 

Wi 

136,621 

VI 

75,448 

9n 

40352 

iq 

8850 

Missouri 

16 

383,702 

?,] 

140,455 

n 

66,586 

18 

20845 

Montana  

Nebraska  .»  
Nevada  

New  Hampshire  . 

W. 

284,574 

1H 

269,328 

is 

244,161 

16 

214,460 

11 

183,858 

in 

141885 

18 

373,306 

14 

320,823 

is 

277,575 

I9 

245562 

in 

211  149 

q 

184  139 

New  York  

1 

2,428,921 

1 

1,918,608 

i 

1,372,812 

?, 

959,049 

3 

689,051 

5 

34ai20 

North  Carolina  

7 

753,41S 

5 

737,987 

4 

638,829 

4 

555,500 

4 

478,103 

3 

393,751 

North  Dakota 

Ohio..    . 

a 

1,519,467 

4 

937,903 

5 

581,434 

n 

230,760 

18 

45365 

Oregon  

Pennsylvania  

?, 

1,724.033 

2 

1,348,233 

i 

1,049,458 

3 

810.091 

3 

602,365 

? 

'"434,37s 

Rhode  Island  

24 

108,830 

23 

97J99 

an 

83.059 

17 

76,931 

16 

69.122 

IIS 

68825 

South  Carolina  

11 

594,398 

9 

581,185 

8 

502,741 

6 

415,115 

6 

345,591 

7 

249,073 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

ft 

829,210 

7 

681,904 

q 

422,823 

10 

261,727 

T) 

105602 

17 

35691 

Texas  

Vermont  .    . 

ii 

291.948 

17 

280,652 

16 

235.966 

15 

235,981 

13 

154,465 

T> 

85425 

Virginia  

4 

1,239,797 

8 

1,211,405 

?, 

1,065,366 

1 

974,600 

SSOIZOO 

1 

747,610 

West  Virginia  

Wisconsin 

W 

30,945 

Wyoming  

The  states  

17.019.641 



12,820.868 

9,600,783 



~7,215,858 



5,294,390 



Alaska  

Arizona.  
Dakota 

District  of  Columbia 

1 

43,712 

1 

39,834 

1 

33,039 

1 

24023 

1 

14093 

Idaho 

Indian  Territory 

Montana  

New  Mexico 

Oklahoma 

Utah 

Washington  

The  territories  



43,712 



39,834 

.... 

33,039 

24,023j 

14,093 

On  public  ships  in  service  of 
United  States  

6,100 

5,318 

United  States  

17,069,453 

12,866,020 

9,638,453 

.... 

7,239,881 

.... 

5,308.483 

•_n 

3,929,314 

NOTE — The   narrow   column   under   each   census 
year   shows   the   order   of   the   states    and   terri- 


tories  when  arranged  according  to  magnitude  of 
population. 


DISTRIBUTION    BY    GEOGRAPHIC    DIVISIONS. 
Per  cent  of  total  population  of  continental  United  States  in  each  of  the  nine  geographic  divisions: 


Division.                             1910.  1900.  1890.  1850. 

New  England 7.4  7.4  7.5  11.8 

Middle  Atlantic 21.0  20.3  20.2  25.4 

East  North  Central 19.8  21.0  21.4  19.5 

West  North  Central 12.7  13.6  14.2  3.8 

South  Atlantic 13.3  13.7  14.1  20.2 

Bast  South  Central 9.1  9.9  10.2  14.5 

West  South  Central 9.6  8.6  7.5  4.1 

Mountain  -  2.9  2.2  1.9  0.3 

Pacific 4.6  3.2  S.O  0.5 


Including  the  populatioa  of  the  Philippines  and 
other  possessions,  the  population  living  under  the 
American  flag  in  1910  was  as  follows: 

United   States 93,402,151 

Philippines    (1903) 7,635,426 

Guam,  estimated 9,000 

Samoa,  estimated 6,100 

Panama  Canal  Zone,  estimated 50.000 

Total 101,102,177 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


199 


GROWTH   OF   POPULATION   OF 


THE  UNITED   STATES. 
Increase 


States  and  1900  to  1910.  1890  to  1900. 

territories.  1910.  1900.  1890.  Number.  Perct.  Number.  Perct. 

Alabama  2.138.093  1.828.697  1.513.401  309.396  16.9  315.296  20. 

Arizona    204.354  122,931  88.243  81.423  66.2  34.688  39. 

Arkansas 1.574.449  1.311.564  1.128.211  262.885  20.0  183.353  16.1 

California    2.377.549  1.485,053  1.213.398  892.496  60.1  271.655  22.4 

Colorado    799.024  539,700  413.249  259.324  48.0  126.451  30.6 

Connecticut 1.114,756  908,420  746.258  206.336  22.7  162.162  21.7 

Delaware  202.322  184,735  168,403  17.587  9.5  16.242  9.6 

Dist.  of  Columbia  331,069  278.718  230.392  52.361  18.8  48.326  21.0 

Florida  752.619  528,542  391.422  224.077  42.4  137.120  35.0 

Georgia 2.609.121  2,216,331  1.837,353  392.790  17.7  378.978  20.6 

Idaho 325.594  161.772  88.548  163.822  101.3  73.224  82.7 

Illinois   5,638.591  4,821,550  3.826.352  817.041  16.9  995.198  26.0 

Indiana   2.700.876  2.516,462  2,192.404  184.414  7.3  324.058  14.8 

Iowa    2,224.771  2.231.853  1.912,297  •7,082  *0.3  319.556  16.7 

Kansas   1.690,949  1,470,495  1.428.108  220.454  15.0  42.387  3.0 

Kentucky   2.289.905  2,147,174  1,858.635  142.731  6.6        288.539  15.5 

Louisiana  1.656.388  1.381,625  1.118.588  274.763  19.9  203.037  23.5 

Maine 742.371  694.466  661.086  47.905  6.9  33.380  5.0 

Maryland 1.295.346  1.188,044  1,042.390  107.302  9.0  145.654  14.0 

Massachusetts    ..  3.366.416  2.805.346  2.238.947  561.070  20.0  566.399  25.3 

Michigan 2,810.173  2.420.982  2,093,890  389.191  16.1  327,092 

Minnesota  2,075.708  1.751.394  1.310.283  324.314  18.5  441.111  33.7 

Mississippi  1.797.114  1.551.270  1.289.600  245,844  15.8  261.670  20.3 

Missouri 3.293.335  3.106.665  2.679.185  186,670  6.0  427.480  16.0 

Montana    376.053  243,329  142.924  132.724  54.5  100.405  70.3 

Nebraska   1.192.214  1.066.300  1,062,656  125.914  11.8  3.644  0.3 

Nevada    81.875  42.335  47.355  39.540  93.4  t5,020  flO.6 

New  Hampshire.  430.572  411.588  376.530  18.984  4.6  35.058  9.3 

New   Jersey 2.537.167  1.883,669  1.144.933  653.498  34.7  438,736  30.4 

New  Mexico 327.301  195.310  160.282  131.991  67.6  35.028  21.9 

New  York 9.113.614  7.268,894  6.003.174  1.844.720  25.4  1.265.720  21.1 

North  Carolina..  2.206.287  1.893.810  1.617.949  312,477  16.5  275.861  17.1 

North  Dakota...  577.056  319,146  190,983  257.910  80.8  128.163  67.1 

Ohio    4.767.121  4.157,545  3.672.329  609.576  14.7  485,216  13.2 

Oklahoma  1.657.155  790,391  258,657  866.764  109.7  531.734  2( 

Oregon   672.765  413.536  317.704  259.229  62.7  95.832 

Pennsylvania    ...  7.665.111  6.302.115  5,258.113  1.362.996  21.6  1.044.002  19.9 

Rhode   Island....  542.610  428.556  345.506  114,054  26.6  83.050  24.0 

South   Carolina..  1.515.400  1.340.316  1.151.149  175.084  13.1  189.167  16.4 

South  Dakota...  583.888  401,570  348.600  182,318  45.4  52.970  15.2 

Tennessee    2.184.789  2.020,616  1.767.518  164.173  8.1  253.098  14.3 

Texas 3.896.542  3.048.710  2.235.527  847.832  27.8  813,183  36.4 

Utah 373.351  276.749  210.779  96,602  34.9  65.970  31.3 

Vermont    355.956  343.641  332.422  12.315  3.6  11.219  3.4 

Virginia    2.061.612  1.854.184  1.655,980  207.428  11.2  198,204  12.0 

Washington    1.141,990  518.103  357.232  623.887  120.4  160,871  45.0 

West   Virginia...  1.221.119  958.800  762.794  262.319  27.4  196.006  25.7 

Wisconsin    2.333.860  2.069.042  1.693.330  264.818  12.8  375.712  22.2 

Wyoming:   145.965  92.531  62.555  53.434  57.7  29.976  47.9 

Continental  U.  S.  91.972.266  75.994,576  62.947.714  15.947.691  21.0  13.046.861  20.7 

Alaska    64.356  63.592  32.052  764  1.2  31,540  98.4 

Hawaii  191.909  154,001  89.990  37,908  24.6  64.011  71.1 

Porto  Rico 1.118.012  t953.769  .  164.769  17.3   


48 


JTotal  U.  S....  93.346,543  77.165.937  63,069.75616.151.132     20.9  13.142.412     22.7 
•Decrease,     tin  1899.     tDoes  not  include  soldiers  and  sailors  stationed  abroad. 


DECENNIAL  INCREASE  OF  POPULATION. 
Continental  United  States. 

Census.      Population.  Increase.  Percent, 

1910 91,972.266  15,977,691    21.0 

1900 75.994.575  13,046.861    20.7 

1890 62,947,714  12.791.931 

1880 50.155,783  11.597,412 

1870 38.558,371  7.115.050 

1860 31,443,321  8.251.445 

1850 23.191.876  6.122.423 

1840 17.069.453  4,203,433 

1830 12.866.020  3,227.567 

1820 9.638.453  2,398,572 

1810 7.239.881  1.931,398 


5.5 
30.1 
22.6 
35.6 
35.9 
32.7 
33.5 
33.1 
36.4 


Increase.  Percent. 
1.379.269        35.1 


Census.  Population. 

1800 5.308.483 

1790 3.929.214 


INCREASE  (1900-1910). 
Division.  Number. 

New    England 960.664 

Middle  Atlantic 3.861.214 

East  North  Central 2.265,040 

West  North  Central 1.290.498 

South   Atlantic 1.751,415 

East  South  Central 862.144 

West  South  Central 2.252.244 

Mountain    958.860 

Pacific  1.775.612 


CENTER   OF   POPULATION   AND   MEDIAN   LINES. 


The  center  of  population,  according  to  the 
bureau  of  the  census,  may  be  said  to  represent 
the  center  of  the  gravity  of  the  population.  If 
the  surface  of  the  United  States  he  considered  as 
a  rigid  plane  without  weight,  capable  of  sustain- 
ing the  population  distributed  thereon,  individu- 
als being  assumed  to  be  of  equal  weight,  and 
each,  therefore,  to  exert  a  pressure  on  any  sup- 


porting pivotal  point  directly  proportional  to  his 
distance  from  the  point,  the  pivotal  point  on 
which  the  plane  balances  would,  of  course,  be 
its  center  of  gravity,  and  this  Is  the  point  re- 
ferred to  by  the  term  "center  of  population"  aa 
used  by  the  census  bureau  In  Its  reports. 

The  median  point,  which  may   be  described  an 
the    numerical    center   of    population,    is   in    no 


200 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


CENTER  OF  POPULATION;  - 

AT  EACH  CENSUS 
1790  TO  1910 

MEDIAN  POINT 

1880  TO  1910  — 


sense  a  center  of  gravity.  In  determining  the 
median  point  distance  is  not  taken  into  account, 
and  the  location  of  the  units  of  population  is 
considered  only  in  relation  to  the  intersecting 
median  lines— as  being  north  or  south  of  the  me- 


dian parallel  and  east  and  west  of  the  meridian. 
The  position  of  the  center  of  population  and  its 
movement    during    each    decade     since     1790    are 
shown   in   the   following   table: 


Cens 
year 
1790. 
1800. 
1810. 
1820. 
1830. 
1840. 
1850. 
1860. 
1870. 
1880. 
1890. 
1900. 
1910. 

North 
us  latitude. 
D.    M.    S. 
.39       16      ai 
.39      16        6 
.39      11      30 
.39        5      42 
.38      57      54 
.39        2        0 
.38      59        0 
.39        0      24 
.39      12        0 
.39        4        8 
.39      11      56 
.39        9      36 
.39      10      12 

West 
longitude. 
D.    M.     S. 
6       li       12 
6       56      30 
7      37      12 
8      33        0 
79      16      54 
SO      18        0 
81      19        0 
82      4S      48 
83      35      42 
84      39      40 
85      32      53 
85      48      54 
86      32      20 
*West 

Approximate  location  by  important  towns. 
.23  mil^s  east  of  Baltimore    Md 

Movement  in  miles  duricg 
,  preceding  decade.  . 
Direct      Wesi-  North-  Bcutb- 
line.       ward.     ward.    ward. 

40.6    40.6     ....      0.5 
36.9    36.5     ....       5.3 
50.5    50.1     ....      6.7 
40.4    39.4     ....       9.0 
55.0    54.8      4.7     .... 
54.8    54.7     ....       3.5 
80.6    80.6      1.6     .... 
44.1    42.1    13.3     .... 
58.1     57.4     ....       9.1 
48.6    47.7      9.0    .... 
14.6     34.4     ....       2.8 
39.0    38.9      0.8     .... 

.40  miles  northwest  by  west  of  Washington,  D.  C. 
.16  miles  north  of  Woodstock,   Va  
.19  miles  west-southwest  of  Moorefleld,  W.  Va.*. 
.16  miles  south  of  Clarksburg,  W.   Va.*  
.23  miles  southeast  of  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.*  
20  miles  south  of  Caillicothe    O 

.48  miles  east  by  north  of  Cincinnati,  O  

8  miles  west  by  south  of  Cincinnati    O         

20  miles  east  of  Columbus    Ind 

.6  miles  southeast  of  Columbus,  Ind  

In  the  citv  of  Bloomington    Ind  .               

Virginia  formed  part  of  Virginia  until  1863. 

MRDIAN    LINES. 

In  connection  Tvith  the  definition  of  the  median 
point  another  method  of  presenting  facts  with 
regard  to  the  geographical  distribution  of  the 
population  has  been  noted,  involving  the  location 
of  median  lines.  A  parallel  of  latitude  is  deter- 
mined which  evenly  divides  tne  population  so 
tdat  the  population  north  of  that  parallel  is  the 
same  as  that  south.  Similarly,  a  meridian  of 
longitude,  is  determined  which  divides  the  popu 
lation  evenly  as  between  east  and  west.  In  cal- 
culating these  median  lines  It  is  necessary,  in 
the  case  of  the  square  degrees  of  latitude  and 
longitude  whioh  are  traversed  by  the  lines  them- 
selves, to  assume  tmt  tne  ponulation  is  evenlv 
distributed  through  these  square  degrees  or  to 
make  an  estimated  adjustment  where  this  is  ob- 
vionsly  not  the  case. 

The  eastern  terminus  of  the  median  parallel 
according  to  the  census  of  1910.  is  on  the  New 
jersey  coast  near  Seagirt.  In  its  course  west 
this  line  passes  through  central  New  Jers'ey, 


leaving  the  state  near  Burlington  and  entering 
Pennsylvania  a  few  miles  north  of  Philadelphia. 
tnence  passing  tnrough  Norrtstown  and  continu- 
ing through  southern  Pennsylvania  and  across 
the  northern  extremity  of  West  Virginia,  leaving 
the  latter  state  at  a  point  a  few  tnilp«  north  o' 
Wheeling.  It  nearly  bisects  Ohio,  Indiana  and 
Illinois,  crossing  about  ten  miles  north  of  Colum- 
bus, O.;  twenty-five  miles  north  of  Indiananqlis. 
Ind.,  and  about  twenty  miles  north  of  Spring- 
field, Hi.  Through  Missouri  it  runs  about  thirty 
miles  south  of  the  Iowa  and  Missouri  line, 
tnence  passing  through  Nebraska  about  ten  miles 
north  of  its  southern  houndary,  and  ncross  the, 
northern  part  of  Colorado,  passing  about  five 
miles  north  of  Boulder  City.  Its  lo^tion  in  Utah 
is  about  forty-five  miles  south  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
There  are  no  large  towns  near  its  course  across 
the  northern  part  of  Nevada  and  California.  The 
western  terminus  of  the  median  parallel  Is  on 
the  Pacific  coast,  in  Humboldt  county,  California, 
about  five  miles  north  of  Point  Delgada  ana 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


201 


twenty  miles  south  of  Cape  Mendocino.  the  point 
of  continental  United  States  extending  farthest 
west. 

The  median  meridian  starts  at  Whiteflsh  point, 
on  the  northern  peninsula  of  Michigan,  near  the 
eastern  end  of  Lake  Superior,  thence  passing 
south  about  twenty-five  miles  west  of  Lansing 
and  through  Indiana  about  ten  miles  west  of  the 
Indiana-Ohio  boundary  and  twenty-five  miles  west 
of  Cincinnati.  South  of  the  Ohio  river  it  bisects 
Kentucky,  crosses  eastern  Tennessee  and  leaves 
that  state  twenty  miles  east  of  Chattanooga. 
Through  Georgia  it  passes  close  to  the  Georgia- 
Alabama  line,  about  two  miles  west  of  Colum- 
bus, Ga.,  leaving  the  state  near  the  intersection 
of  the  Alabama,  Georgia  and  Florida  boundary 
lines.  It  then  crosses  the  northwestern  part  of 
Florida  and  terminates  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at 
the  city  of  Apalachicola.  The  following  tnblo 
ehows  the  movement  of  the  median  lines  from 
1880  to  1910,  inclusive: 

Median  me- Movement  In  miles 
.west  Median       Median, 


Median  par- 
allel. 

Census  north  latitude:, 
year      u.        M.        s. 


1S80... 
1890... 
1900... 
1910... 


.  39 
.  40 
.  40 


24 


6.6  27.0 
2.4  10.8 
2.3  7.5 


MEDIAN  POINT. 

The  exact  location, of  the  median  point  is  in- 
dicated by  the  median  lines  already  shown;  in 
the  following  table  its  approximate  location  with 
reference  to  certain  towns  is  described: 

Approximate  Location  by  Important  Towns. 
1880.... 16  miles  nearly  due  west  of  Springfield,  O. 
1890.... 5  miles  southwest  of  Greenville,  O. 
1900.... In  Spartanburg,  Ind. 
1910.... 3  miles  south  of  Winchester.  Ind. 

POPULATION   BY   COLOR   OR   RACE. 

GENERAL  SUMMARY. 
Color  or  race.  1910.  1900. 

White    81,731,957 

Negro 9,827,763 

Indiim   265,683 

Chinese  71,531 

Japanese   72,157 

All  other 3,175 


237,196 
89,863 
24,326 


Total   91,972,266    75,994,575 


2,009 
442,891 
21,645 
11,453 
15.174 
31,181 
94,446 


BY    STATES    (1910). 
State.  White.       Negro. 

Alabama  1,228,832 

Arizona  171,468 

Arkansas   1,131.026 

California   2,259,672 

Colorado  783,415 

Connecticut    1,098,897 

Delaware   171,102 

District  of  Columbia 236,128 

Florida   443,634 

Georgia  1, 431, 802 

Idaho   319,221 

Illinois  5,526,962 

Indiana  2.639.961 

Iowa   2, 209, 191 

Kansas  1,634,352 

Kentucky  2.027,951 

Louisiana    941,086 

Maine  739,995 

Maryland   1.0€2,639 

Massachusetts    3.324.926 

Michigan    2,785,247 

Minnesota   2,059,227 

Mississippi   7<=6.m 

Missouri   3,134.932 

Montana     360,580 

Nebra  ska   1, 1  SO.  293 

Nevada    74.276 

New  Hampshire 429,906 

New   Jersey 2.44s  894 

New   Mexico 304.594 

New  York 8.9*6.845 

North  Carolina 1,500,511 

North  Dakota 569,855 


1,176,987 
651 

109,049 
60,320 
14,973 
54,030 
261,656 
713, 874 
1,363 
232,250 
38,055 
17,115 
7.084 
1,009,487 
157,452 
1,834 
7,689 
513 
564 
89,760 
1.628 
134,191 
697,843 
617 


Indian. 

909 

29,201 

460 

16,371 

1,482 

152 

5 

68 
74 
95 

3,488 
188 
279 
471 
2,444 
234 
780 


7,519 

9.053 

1,253 

313 

10,743 

3,502 

5,240 

34 

Ifi8 

20.573 

6.046 

7,851 

6.846 


State.  White. 

XPJO    ......................  4,654,897 

Oklahoma  .................  1,444531 

Oregon  ....................    655,090 

RhD28yTV?nl5  ............  7,467,713 

Rhode  Island  ...........    ,      532  492 

South  Carolina... 

South  Dakota  ..........         S|}8 

Tennessee  ...............  1,711  432 

3,204,848 


Negro.  Indian. 


......................     366583 

Vermont  .................      354298 

Virginia   .........  1  389  80<» 

Washington    ......  ""I'.:  iffiS 

West  Virginia  ............  1,156817 


111,452 
137,612 

1.492 
193,919 

9,529 

835,843 

817 

473,088 
690.049 

1,144 

1,621 
671,096 

6,058 
64,173 

2.900 

2,235 


127 

74,825 

6.090 

1,503 

284 

331 

19.137 

216 

702 

3,123 

26 

539 

10,997 

36 

10.142 
1,486 


Total  ..................  81.731.~957 


9,827.763    265.683 


Chinese.  Japanese.Other. 


Alabama   62 

Arizona "  1,305 

Arkansas  62 

California  i".  "36,248 

Colorado 373 

Connecticut  '      462 

Delaware  

District  of  Columbia ,      369 

Florida 191 

Georgia *.!..!'.'.'."•    233 

Idaho   859 

Illinois   2103 

Indiana  ."      £76 

Iowa  97 

Kansas  '.'.'  ig 

Kentucky   53 

£f«>lana  """.     507 

Maine iog 

Maryland  373 

Massachusetts   '.'.'."'.  2,582 

Michigan  241 

Minnesota  275 

Mississippi 257 

Missouri  535 

Montana i,285 

Nebraska 112 

Nevada  927 

New   Hampshire .'.*       67 

New  Jersey 1,139 

New  Mexico 248 

New  York 5,266 

North  Carolina go 

North   Dakota 39 

Ohio  .'.'.'.'      569 

Oklahoma   139 

Oregon    7,353 

Pennsylvania    1,784 

Rhode  Island £72 

South  Carolina 57 

South   Dakota 121 

Tennessee  43 

Texas  595 

Utah    371 

Vermont 8 

Virginia  154 

Washington   2,709 

West    Virginia 90 

Wisconsin   226 

Wyoming 246 

Total  71,531        72,157 

NEGROES   IN  LARGE  CITIES. 

City.  1910.  1900. 

Albany,   N.  Y 1,037  1,178 

Atlanta,   Ga 51,902  35,727 

Baltimore,    Md 84,749  79258 

Birmingham,    Ala 52305  1-5,575 

Roston,    Mass 13.564  11591 

Bridgeport.   Conn 1.332  1449 

Buffalo.    N.    Y 1.773  1,698 

Cambridge.    Mass 4. 707  3888 

Chicago.   Ill 44.103  30^150 

Cincinnati,   O 19,639  14482 

Cleveland.  0 8,448  5,988 

Columbus,    0 12,739  8201 

Dayton.    0 4,842  3,387 


4 
371 
9 

41,356 

2,300 

71 

4 

47 

60 

4 

1,363 
285 
38 
38 
107 
12 
31 
13 
24 
151 
49 
67 
2 

99 

1,585 
590 
864 

206 

258 

1,247 

2 

69 
76 
48 

3,418 

190 

33 

8 

42 
8 

340 

2,110 

3 

14 

12,929 
3 

34 
1,596 


2,257 

1 


110 


312 
2 


186 

'"3 
84 

3.175 

Pet. 

1910. 

1.0 

33.3 

15.2 

39.4 

2.0 

1.3 

0.4 

4.5 

2.0 

5.4 

1.5 

7.0 

4.1 


2C2 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


City.                                                  1910.  1900. 

Denver.  Col 6,426  3,92* 

Detroit,   Mlcto 6,741  4,111 

wall  Kiver,   Mass 355  824 

arand  Rapids,    Mich 665  604 

Indianapolis,     lud 21,816  15,931 

Jersey  City,   N.  J 5,960  3,704 

Kansas   City,    Mo 83.566  17,567 

Los  Angeles,   Cal 7,599  2.131 

Louisville,   Ky 40,522  39,139 

Lowell.   Mass 133  136 

Memphis,  Tenn 52,441  49,910 

Milwaukee,    Wis 980  862 

Minneapolis,    Minn 2,592  1,548 

Nashville,    Tenn 36,523  30.044 

New  Haven,  Couu 3,561  2,887 

New   Orleans,    La 89,262  77,714 

New  York,    N.   Y 91,709  60,666 

Newark,  N.  J 9,476  6,694 

Oakland,    Cal 3,055  1,026 

Omaha.    Neb 4,426  3,443 

Paterson,    N.    J 1,539  1,182 

Philadelphia,   Pa 84,459  62,613 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 25,623  20,355 

Portland,    Ore 1,045  775 

Providence,    R.   1 5,316  4,817 

Richmond,   Va 46,733  32,230 

Rochester,    N.   Y 879  601 

St.    Louis,   Mo 43.960  35.516 

St.  Paul,   Minn 3,144  2.263 

San   Francisco,    Cal 1,642  1,654 

Scranton,   Pa 567  621 

Seattle,    Wash 2,296  40$ 


Pet. 

1910. 

S.6 

1.2 
O.I 

0.6 
9.3 
2.2 

9.5 
2.4 

18.1 
0.1 

40.0 
0.3 
0.9 

33.1 
2.7 

26.3 
1.9 
2.7 
2.0 
3.6 
1.2 
6.5 
4.8 
0.5 
2.4 

36.6 
0.4 
6.4 
1.5 
0.4 
0.4 
1.0 


1910. 


Pet. 

1900.  1910. 

376  0.7 

1,104  0.» 
1.034 


Spokane,    Wash 723 

Syracuse,  N.  Y ..1241 

Toledo,    0 1,124         

Washington,    D.    0 94,446        86.702        28.6 

Worcester,  Mass 1,877         1,710         1.1 

NEGRO    POPULATION    BY    CENSUS    YEARS. 


1910 9,828.294 

1900 8.840,789 

1890 T.488.7S8 

1880 6.580,793 

1870 4.880,009 

1860 4,441,830 

1850 3,638,808 


1840 2,873, 64S 

1830 2,328,642 

L820 1.771,656 

1810 1,377,808 

1800 1,002,037 

1790 757,20ft 


PER  CENT   INCREASE   BY   COLOR  OR  RACE 

(1900-1910). 
Division.  White.Negro.'Other. 

New  England 17.3         12.2  t— 0.& 

Middle  Atlantic 24.9         28.2  — 1.» 

East  North  Central 14.1         16.7  25.3 

West  North  Central 12.8           2.0  —0.1 

South  Atlantic 20.4         10.3  28.5 

East  South  Central 14.1           6.1  l.» 

West   South   Central 40.9         17.1  17.1 

Mountain    59.5         37.7  16.& 

Pacific   75.4         99.1  28.4 

United  States 22.3         11.2  17\* 

*Includes    Indian,    Chinese,    Japanese    and    all 
other.     tMinus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


CLASSIFICATION   OF   POPULATION   BY   SEX. 


GENERAL  SUMMARY  1910.                                                 BY  CENSUS  YEARS. 
Class.                             Male.          Female.    *Ratio.    Year.                                  Male.           Female. 
White  42,178,245        39.553,712         1066     1910                                     47332277        44639989 

'Ratio. 
106.0 
104.4 
105.0 
103.  R 
102.2 
104.7 
104.* 
103.7 
103.1 
103.2 

emale. 
90.059 
57.72» 
105.986 
225.412 
61.668 
67.032 
117.581 
130.322 
121,967 
156.529 
115.380 
54.769 
64.835 
184.369 
144.063 
68.209 
66.910 
175,836 
384.401 
174.080 
71,952 
59,294 
63.161 
788.545 
260,316 
88.346 
114.038 
109.797 
340.961 
-02.935 
180.011 
64.276 
100.421 
46.889 
68.443 
83.80G 
173.01* 
72.562 

Negro  4,885,881          4,941,882           98.9    1900  38,816448        37,178*127 

Indian  135,133             130,550         103.5    1890  32237101        30710613 

Chinese   66,856                4,675      1,430.1    1880.                                   25518820        24636963 

Japanese        63,070                9087         694  1     1870                                     19493565        19'064'806 

All    other                                3  092                     83                      1860                                     16'085'204        15'358'll7 

Native  white  34,654,457       3S.73l.9SR         102  7    isso..                           .    il'tor'ncn       ii'ttu  «i« 

Native  parentage..  .25,  229,218       J 
Foreign   parentage.  6,456,793 
Mixed   parentage...  2,968,446 
Foreign   born                 7  523  788 

4  259  357          104  0     1840                                         8  688  532          8  380*921 

6,459.518         100.0     1830  6,532*489          6*  333*531 

3.013,080           98.5     1820  ,  4  89fi  firtn          4  741  848 

6,821,757          129.2 
[4,639,989         106.0        *Males  to  100 
State.                 Male.     Female. 
Rhode  Island..      270.251       272.251 
South  Carolina      751.842       763,558 
South   Dakota.      317.101       266.787 
Tennessee    ....  1,103,491    1.081.298 
Texas                    2  017  612    1  878  930 

females. 
City.                     Male.    E 
Columbus,    O  91.452 
Dayton,     O....         58  848 

Total     population....  47.332,277       4 
BY   STATES   (1910). 
State.                 Male.      Female. 
Alabama    1.074.209    1,063.884 
Arizona   118.582         85.772 
Arkansas    810.025        764.424 
California    1.322.973    1.054.576 
Colorado     430.697       368.327 
Connecticut    ..      563.641       551.11b 
Delaware   103,435         98.887 
Dist.  Columbia      158.050       173.019 
Florida    394.166        358.453 
Georgia  1.305.019    1.304102 

Denver.    Col  107.395 
Detroit.    Mich...    240.354 
Fall  River,  Mass.      67.627 
Gr.  Rapids,  Mich.     65,539 
Indianapolis,  Ind.    116,069 
Jersey  City,  N.J.    137.457 
Kansas  City.  Mo.    126,414 
Los  Angeles.Cal.    162,669 
Louisville.    Ky..    108,548 
Lowell,    Mass...      61.525 
Memphis,    Tenn.      66.270 
Milwaukee,  Wis.    189.488 
Minneap's.Minn.    157.345 
Nashville,  Tenn.      52.155 
NewHav'n.Conn.      66.695 
New  Orleans,  La.    163.239 
New  York,    N.Y.  2.382.482  2 
Newark.    N.    J..    173.389 
Oakland,     Cal...      78.222 
Omaha.  Neb  64.802 
Paterson,    N.   J.      62.439 
Philadelphia.  Pa.     760.463 
Pittsburgh,    Pa..    273,589 
Portland,    Ore...    118.868 
Providence,  R.I.    110.288 
Rochester.    N.Y.    108.352 
St.    Louis,    Mo..    346.068 
St.    Paul,    Minn.    111,809 
S.Frnncisco.Cal.    236.901 
Scranton.   Pa  65,!i91 
Seattle.    Wash..    136.V73 
Spokane.    Wash.      57.513 
Svraouse.   N.   Y.      68.806 
Toledo.    0  84.691 
Washingt'n.D.C.    158.050 
Worcester,  Mass.     73,424 

Utah                        '196*857      'l76'494 

Vermont    182*.  5.68       173*388 
Virginia    1.035.348    1.026,264 
Washington    ..      658,650       483.340 
West    Virginia      644,044       577.075 
Wisconsin    1,208.541    1.125.319 
Wyoming   91.666         54.299 

Idaho    185,546       140.048 

Illinois    2.911,653    2,726.938 
Indiana     1.383.299    1.317.577 
Iowa   1.148.171    1,076.600 
Kansas    885,912       805037 

Total                47  332  122  44  640  144 

BY  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS. 
Division.          Male.     Female. 
New    England...  3.265.137  3.287.544 
Middle  Atlantic.9.813.181  9.502.711 
East  North  Cent.9.393.792  8,857,829 
West  North  Cent.6,092,869  5,545,052 
South    Atlantic..  6.  134,600  6.060.29o 
East  South  Cent.  4,245,  170  4,164,731 
WestSouthCent.4.  544,485  4,240,049 
Mountain     1.478,010  1.155.507 
Torino    2.365.878  1.826.426 
BY    PRINCIPAL    CITIES    (1910) 
Citv.                      Male.    Female. 
Albany.   N.  Y...      48,270       51.983 
Atlanta.    Ga  74.501       80.338 
Baltimore,    Md..    268.195      290.290 
Birmingham.  Ala.     67.268       65.417 
Boston.    Mass...    329.703     340.882 
Bridgeport.Conn.     52.549       49.505 
Buffalo.    N.   Y...    212.502      211.213 
Cambridge.  Mass.     50,161       54.67S 
Chicago.    Ill  1.125.764  1.059.519 
Cincinnati.    O...    177.511      186.080 
Cleveland.   O....    289.262      271.401 

Kentucky  ....  1.161.709    1.128.196 
Louisiana     835.275        821.113 
Maine     377.053        365.318 

Maryland    644.225       651.121 
Massachusetts.  1.655,226    1.711.190 
Michigan    1.454.534    1.355.639 
Minnesota    ....  1.108.511       967.197 
Mississippi    ...      905,761        891,353 
Missouri   1,687,838    1.605.497 
Montana     226,866       149,187 
Nebraska    627,782       564.432 
Nevada    52,551         29.324 
NewHampshire     216.290       214.282 
New    Jersey...  1,286.463    1.250,704 
New     Mexico..      175.245        152.056 
New    York  4.584.581    4.529.033 
North  Carolina  1,098.471    1,107.816 
North   Dakota.      317.554       259.502 
Ohio    2.434.765     2.332,356 
Oklahoma    ....      881.573       775.582 
Oregon     384,255       288510 

Pennsylvania..  3.942.137    3.722.974 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


203 


BY 


MEN  OF  VOTING  AGE— 31  YEARS  AND  OVER. 

STATES. 


State.  *Total. 

Alabama 513,111 

Arizona    74,051 

Arkansas  395,824 

California    920,397 

Colorado   271,648 

Connecticut  347,692 

Delaware   61,887 

District  of  Columbia.  103,761 

Florida    214,195 

Georgia   620,616 

Idaho    110,863 

Illinois  1,743,182 

Indiana  822,434 

Iowa    663.672 

Kansas 508,529 

Kentucky  603,454 

Louisiana  414,919 

Maine  235,727 

Maryland    367,908 

Massachusetts 1,021,669 

Michigan    870,876 

Minnesota  642,669 

Mississippi    426,953 

Missouri    973,062 

Montana  155,017 

Nebraska    353.626 

New     Hampshire 136,668 

Nevada    40,026 

New  Jersey 774,702 

New  Mexico 94,637 

New   York 2,836,773 

North  Carolina 506,134 

North   Dakota 173.890 

Ohio 1,484.265 

Oklahoma 447,266 

Oregon   257,1 

Pennsylvania  , 

Rhode   Island , 

South  Carolina... 

South   Dakota 

Tennessee    

Texas  

Utah   104,115 

Vermont   113,506 

Virginia 523,532 

Washington    441,294 

West  Virginia 338,349 

Wisconsin  683,743 

Wyoming   63,201 


United  States 26,999,151    24,357.514    2.458,873 

•Includes    62,967    Indians.    60.421    Chinese    and 
66,638  Japanese. 

BY  PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 

City.  *Total.  White.  Negro. 

Albany,    N.  Y 32,000         31,586  379 

Atlanta,   Ga 44.510         30,577  13,865 

Baltimore.    Md 163,554  137,025  26,214 

Birmingham,    Ala 40,699         24,248  16,441 

Boston,   Mass 208,321  202,105  6,070 

Bridgeport,    Conn 32,991         32,461  471 

Buffalo.   N.   Y 128,133  127,300  740 

Cambridge,    Mass 30.262         28,777  1,384 

Chicago,    111 700,590  680,950  17,845 

Cincinnati,    0 113,919  106,508  7,387 

Clereland,    0 177,386  173,847  3,298 

Columbus,  0 60,892         55,821  6,029 

Dayton,   0 38.236         36,432  1,781 

Denver,    Col 71.990         69,256  1,199 

Detroit,    Mich 150,017  147,737  2,224 

Fall   River.    Mass 31,647         31,441  133 

Grand  Ranids,   Mich 34,295         34,008  264 

Indianapolis,   Ind 76,743         69,141  7,556 

Jersey  City,    N.  J 80,866         78,617  2,104 

Kansas  City,   Mo 87,457  78,269  9.101 

Los  Angeles,   Oal 114,889  107.633  2,571 

Louisville,    Ky 67,676          53,980  13.687 

Lowell,    Mass 31,300         31.206  44 

Memphis.    Tenn 44.309         27.031  17.238 

Milwaukee,   Wis 113,106  112,651  396 

Minneapolis,    Minn 105,305  103,961  1,227 


163,834 
335,046 
178,189 
552,668 
1,003,357 


White. 

298,943 
65,097 
284,301 
846,207 
264,603 
342,392 
52,804 
75,765 
124,311 
353,569 
107,469 

1,701,042 
801,431 
657,914 
490,225 
527,661 
240,001 
234,855 
303,561 

1,006.431 
862,222 
636,903 
192,741 
919,480 
148,733 
348,915 
136.393 
36,632 
744,843 
88,733 

2,783,371 
357,611 
171,941 

1,444,477 
395,377 
245,343 

2,242,597 
160,412 
165,769 
172,722 
433.431 


Negro. 

213,923 

764 

111,365 

8,143 

4,283 

4,765 

9,050 

27,621 

89,659 

266,814 

328 

39,983 

20,651 

5,443 

17,588 

75,694 

174,211 

476 

63,963 

12,591 

6,266 

3,390 

233,701 

62,921 

851 

3,225 

200 

229 

28,601 

644 

45,877 

146,752 

311 


36,841 

766 

64,272 

3.067 

169,155 

341 

119,142 


100,436 
112,513 
363,659 
422,679 
315,498 
679,841 


568 
975 

159.593 

3,170 

22,757 

1,082 

1,325 


1,191 
25.269 
30,855 
3.015 
1,238 
1.885 
453 
28.120 


City.  *Totn! 

Nashville,  Tenn 30774 

New  Haven,  Conn...         ,      40*510 

New  Orleans.   La ge'gg? 

K  York    N    Y 1,433*749 

Newark,  N.  J 103234 

Om^VS1 »•'* 

(Jmaha,  Neb...  4?  21  R 

Paterson,  N.  J .'  J .' .' .' .'      36* 573 

Philadelphia,  Pa 468811 

Pittsburgh,  pa. ...:::;  SS 

Portland,    Ore 8B'ltl 

Providence,   R.  I gg  983 

Richmond,  Va... 

Rochester,  N.  Y...  69* 56 

St.  Louis.  Mo.... 

St.   Paul.   Minn '.'.'.'. 

San  Francisco,   Cal 1751951 

Scranton,    Pa 37059 

Seattle,    Wash 101*685 

Spokane.  Wash 40254 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 44*713 

Toledo.     O...  52  748 

Washington,  Di'c.':.'. '.'.:'.  103,761 

Worcester,    Mass 45601 

•Includes  Indians.   Chinese,  etc. 


White.  Negro. 

28,023   9,713 

39,233 

71,387 
1,397,766 

99,998 

49,163 

41,263 

36,343 
439,654 
156,818 

81,921 

66,948 

23.911 

69,217 
205,065 

70,439 
164,127 

36,837 

85,052 


44,261 
51,990 
75,765 
45,147 


525 
1,765 
13,279 
305 
16.381 
1,573 
831 
216 
1,204 
305 
437 
719 
27,621 
384 


CITIZENSHIP    OF    FOREIGN    BORN 

MALES    (1910). 

Twenty-one  years  of  age  and  over. 

By  States. 

Albania  ...........  ^" 

Arizona  ..........  6912 

Arkansas   .......... 

California    .............    uftfn 

Colorado  ...............      35  245 

Connecticut    ...........      60608 

Delaware  ............  3*707 

District  of  Columbia..        6*474 
Florida    ................        5;959 

Georgia  .................      4>023 

Idaho   ..................      12  817 

Illinois  ..................  317;339 

Indiana  .................    42,533 

I°w»   ....................    90,573 

Kansas    ................      39  145 

Kentucky  ...............    13*225 

Louisiana    ..............    10  024 

Maine  ...................    14,994 

Maryland     ..............    24,256 

Massachusetts  ..........  189126 

Michigan    ...............  167.304 

Minnesota   ...........  179187 

Mississippi    .............      Jig 

Missouri  ................    65612 

Montana  ..............      27*635 

Nebraska  ...............    57*270 

Nevada    .................      5606 

New    Hampshire  ........    16,?415 

New  Jersey  ..............  128,438 

New  Mexico  ...........      4267 

New  York  ..............    502*.  083 

North  Carolina  ..........      1439 

North   Dakota  ...........    46.636 


WHITE 


1,113 

595 

27,708 

6.536 

9,103 

658 

1,058 

783 

^625 

2.478 

43,482 

13,320 

6,654 

6.173 

815 

1,166 

1.490 

3,278 

30.016 

26,235 

26,222 

257 

10.117 

6.749 

9,924 

1,282 

1,421 

24.511 

709 


Ohio 
Oklahoma" ".'.'.'.'. 

Oregon  

Pennsylvania 
Rhode  Island  .. 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota.. 
Tennessee    .. 


142,465 
12,074 
29,675 
248,827 
32,040 
1,602 
32,495 
5.444 
exas   ..................      43.383 

Utah  ...................      15351 

Vermont  ...............      i0i811 


............... 

Washington   ...........     68,895 


194 
9.824 
17.509 
1.477 
7.591 
46.416 
5,314 
184 
8,020 
4fi4 
6,833 
2,415 
1,164 
859 
15,258 


2,793 

14,574 

1,388 

99,940 

19,615 

69,431 

3,159 

2,304 

7,411 

1,846 

6,215 

174.581 

18.354 

20,275 

12,247 

2,754 

9,151 

23,672 

13,573 

212.033 

76.550 

58,132 

1,233 

25,835 

16,937 

12,347 

4,479 

19,377 

122.076 

6,048 

475,259 

827 

10,965 

113,856 

4,449 

17.430 

367,765 

31,996 

739 

4,378 

1.867 

37,865 

9.«26 

9.652 

4,«93 

43,201 


204 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


State.                      Naturalized.  1st  papers 
West  Virginia                       7  263           1  353 

.    Allen. 
22,545 
42.937 
8,125 

2.266,515 
34.1 

11.7   per 
3  of  age 

.    Alien. 
1.661 
565 
9,559 
839 
40,516 
8,136 
16,255 
5,866 
124.553 
6,250 
40,221 
2,349 
2  964 
3,801 
28,733 
10,594 
3,301 
1,795 
14,404 
2,564 
8,662 
1,152 
9,897 
808 
14,435 
10,305 
170 
7,693 
3,703 
339,473 
19,204 
5,968 
2,868 
6,029 
63,156 
28,439 

City.                          Natui 
Portland    Ore 

•alized.  1st  papers.  Allen. 
11,251            3,058           7,097 
12,988            2,815          14,910 
943               123               503 
13,003            2,947            8,361 
33,081           7,049          15,918 
17.071            2,586     '      5,576 
36,375          10,681          21,872 
7,930               964           6,801 
16,438            3,068          11,474 
5,495            1,374           3,451 
7,036               862           4,715 
8,752               724           4,308 
6,474           1,058           2,304 
9,126           1.514         11,184 

AGE  AND  OVER  (1910). 

State.              Number. 
New  York  2,757.521 
North    Carolina     519,575 
North  Dakota..      122,406 
Ohio   1,398,341 

Wisconsin    142.848         47,708 
Wyoming                                  6  837           1  937 

Providence,   R.  I  

Richmond,    Va  

Rochester    N    Y 

Total                               3  034  117        570  772 

St.   Louis,    Mo  

Per  cent  45.6               8.6 

NOTE—  The    citizenship    of   775.393,    or 
cent,   of  tlie  foreign  born  males  21  yean 
and  over  was  not  reported. 

By  Principal  Cities. 

City.                       Naturalized.  1st  papers 
Albany    NY               •            4  827              462 

St.  Paul,  Minn  
San  Francisco,  Cal  
Scranton    Pa 

Seattle,  Wash  

Spokane,   Wash  

Syracuse,  N.  Y  
Toledo    0  ... 

Washington,    D.   C  

Atlanta,   Ga.  1,011              193 

\VOMEX  21  YEARS  OF 

State.               Number. 
Alabama    501,959 
Arizona    43,891 
Arkansas   351,994 
California    671,386 

Baltimore    Md      16  643           2  664 

Birmingham,    Ala  1,179              186 
Boston,    Mass  47,791         10,438 

Bridgeport,   Conn  6,563           1,038 
Buffalo,   N.  Y  29,409           4,413 
Cambridge,   Mass  7,162           1,189 
Chicago,  111  190,693         31,586 

Cleveland,  0  40,482           7,826 
Columbus,  0  4,453              414 
Dayton,   6  3,451              396 
Denver,  Col  10,959           2,102 

Colorado  213,425 
Connecticut    ...      335,131 
Delaware  58,442 
Dist.  Columbia.     116,148 

Oklahoma    356,  194 
Oregon  168,323 
Pennsylvania...  2,114,008 
Rhode    Island..      166.391 
South    Carolina     343,358 
South  Dakota..      134,187 
Tennessee  542,408 
Texas                       884  918 

Detroit    Mich           32  891           7  271 

Fall  River    Mass                    8  368              732 

Idaho  69.81S 
Illinois                   1  567  491 

Indianapolis,  Ind  6,088           1,189 

Indiana  770,658 

Utah     85,729 

Jersey  City,  N.  J  16,556           3,067 

Iowa   603  644 

Vermont    106  883 

Kansas  City,  Mo  6,953              890 
Los  Angeles,  Oal  14,097           2  730 

Kansas          438  934 

Virginia   518-173 

Kentucky    579,756 
Louisiana    395,354 
Maine                       225  73<i 

Washington    ...      277,727 
West    Virginia.      2S4.969 
Wisconsin    611.157 
Wvoming   28840 

Louisville     Ky       6704              380 

Lowell     Mass                          7  028              427 

Memphis    Tenn                      1  664              197 

Maryland     373,819 
Massachusetts.    1,074,485 
Michigan   ....       786,033 
Minnesota  ..  .       512,411 
Mississippi   .   .        412,941 
Missouri     ....        896,152 
Montana    ....         81,741 
Nebraska   ....        298,040 
Nevada   18,140 
New  Hampshire     135,372 
New   Jersey.   ..      736,659 
New  Mexico.  ..        73,152 
*  Foreign  or  mixed  pa 

Milwaukee,  Wis....  26',l55           9,887 
Minneapolis     Minn              23  462           5  427 

Unit'd  States.  24.555.  754 
White    22,059,281 

Nashville    Tenn                       951               80 

New  Haven     Conn  8628           1426 

Native       par- 
entage     12,484.481 
Foreign     par- 
entage*    ...  4.567.647 
Foreign    born..  5,007,108 
Negro    2,427.742 
Indian   60.169 
Other                           8  607 

New  Orleans,  La  6,138              595 
New  York    N    Y                 318  091        106  525 

Newark    N    J  21,427           4982 

Oakland     Oal              .  ...  10237           2004 

Omaha    Neb                 .     .  .    7  079           2  103 

Paterson,   N.  J  9,817           1,387 

Philadelphia,    Pa  69,415         15,533 
Pittsburgh     Pa      ....      28  797           5  355 

rentage. 

MALES  OF  MILITIA  AGE— 18  TO  44  YEARS    (1910). 


State. 
Alabama  

Number. 
401,145 
58,962 
311,792 
665,522 
203,982 
257,996 
44,634 
78,349 
171,688 
497.095 
86,384 
1,330,556 
580,557 
475.829 

State. 
Kansas    
Kentucky     
Louisiana    
Maine    
Maryland    
Massachusetts  .. 
Michigan    
Minnesota    
Mississippi   ..   .. 
Missouri   

Number. 
370,227 
457,493 
338,343 
151,325 
271,373 
760,324 
616,729 
491,113 
345,745 
721,166 
123,232 
267,497 
29,383 
90.357 

State.                  Number. 
New    Jersey  597,513 
New  Mexico  73,097 
New    York  2,156,361 
North    Carolina.      392,192 
North    Dakota...      145,628 
Ohio    1,076,928 

State.                 Number. 
Texas                           804  980 

Utah                              84  449 

Arkansas  

Vermont    73,685 
Virginia    398,728 
Washington    ....      340,872 
West    Virginia..      275,048 
Wisconsin    497,922 
Wyoming   54,654 

California  

Connecticut  
Delaware  
Dist.  Columbia. 
Florida  
Georgia  

Oklahoma    357.933 
Oregon   190,553 
Pennsylvania    ...  1,788,619 
Rhode    Island...      125,213 
South    Carolina..      276,788 
South    Dakota...      140,635 
Tennessee    423,088 
*l'er  cent  of  total  pop 

United  States.  20,473,684 
Total   in   1900..16.182.702 
Per  cent   1910*           22.3 
Per  cent  1900*          21.3 
ulation. 

Idaho  ... 

Illinois 

Nebraska    
Nevada    
New    Hampshire 

POPULATION   BY  AGE  PERIODS. 


Age  period.  Total. 

Cnder  l  year 2,217,342 

Under   5   years 10.631,364 

,6  to  9  years 9,760,632 

10  to  14  years 9,107,140 

15  to  19  years 9,063,603 

20  to  24  years 9,056,984 

25   to  29  years 8,180,003 

SO  to  34  years 6,972,185 

35  to  39  years 6,396,100 

40  to  44  years 5,261,587 

•45  to  49  years 4,469.197 

£0  to  54  years 3,900,791 


Male. 
1,123,409 
5,380.596 

Female. 
1.093,933 
5,250,768 

Age  period. 
55  to  69  years 
60  to  64  years 
66  to  69  years 

Total. 
2,786,951 
2,267,150 
1  679  503 

Male. 
1,488,437 

1,185,966 
863  994 

Female. 

1,298,514 
1,081,184 
815  509 

4,924,123 
4,601,753 
4,527,282 

4,836,509 
4,505,387 
4,536,321 

70  to  74  years 
75   to  79  years 
80  to  84  years 

1,113,728 
667,302 
321  754 

561,644 
331,280 
153,745 

552,084 
336,022 
168,009 

4,580,290 

4,476,694 

85  to  89  years 

122  818 

56*335 

66*483 

4,244,348 
3,656,768 
3.367,016 
2,786,850 
2,378,916 
2,110.013 

3,935,655 
3,315,417 
3,029,084 
2,475,237 
2,090,281 
1.790.778 

90  to  94  years 
95  to  99  years 
100  years  and 
Age  unknown. 

All  ages... 

33,473 
7,391 
over...         3,555 
169,055 

...91,972,266 

14*553 
3,045 
1,380 
114,443 

47,332.277 

18.'  920 
4,346 
2,175 
54,612 

44,639.989 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


205 


URBAN    AND   RURAL.  POPULATION  BY  AGE 

(1910). 
Population.          Pet.  of  total. 
Age  period.          Urbau.           Rural.    Urban.  Rural. 
Under  5  years...  4,200,291        6,431,073         9.9        13.0 
6  to  9  years  3,773,917        5,986,715          8.9        12.1 
10  to  14  years...  3,627,408        5,479,732         8.5        11.1 
15  to  19  years...  4,003,271        5,060,332         9.4       10.3 
20  to  24  years...  4,570,558        4,486,426        10.7         9.1 
25  to  29  years...  4,338,392        3,841,611        10.2         7.8 
30  to  34  years...  3,697,202        3,274,983          8.7          6.6 
35  to  44  years...  6,133,259        5,524,428        14.4        11.2 
45  to  54  years...  4,185,722        4,184,266         9.8         8.5 
55  to  64  years...  2,302.142        2,751,959          5.4          5.G 
65  years  aud  over.  1,693,010        2,256,514         4.0         4.6 
6  to  14  years  7,401,325      11.466,447        17.4        23.2 
15   to  24  years...  8,573,829        9,546,758        20.1        19.3 
25  to  44  years...  14,  168,  853      12,641,022        33.2        25.6 
45  to  64  years...  6,487,864        6,936,225        15.2        14.1 

Age  period.                White.          Negro.     Indian. 
Under  5  years  .              9  322  914        1,263,288          40,384 

5   to  9  years  8,47o,173        1,246,553          36,541 
10  to  14  years  7,918,408       1,155,266          31,393 

15  to  la  years  7,968,391        1,060,416         28,486 

20  to  24  years       .   .   .  7  986  411        1,030,795          21,844 

25  to  29  years                7  257  136           881  227          18  137 

30  to  34  years                 6  267  276           668  089          16  243 

35  to  39  years  5,731,845           633449         14834 

40  to  44  years            ..  4  780  272           455  413         11  961 

45  to  49  years                4  061  062           385  909           9  887 

50  to  54  years  3  555  313           326  070           9  343 

55  to  59  years  2,564,206           209,622            7,171 
60  to  64  years        .  .      2  069  323           186  502           6  524 

65  to  69  years                1  549  954           123  550           4  482 

70  to  74  years     .  .     .  .  1  030  884            78  839           3  382 

75  to  79  years                    620  992             44  018           2  105 

80  to  84  years  294555             25579           1565 

85  to  89  years                    110  936             11  166              691 

90  to  94  years                     27  161              5  850              458 

All  ages    ..        42  623  383      49  348  883       46  3        63  7 

95  to  99  years  4757              2447              187 

AGE  PERIODS  BY  COLOR   (1910). 
Age  period.                  White.          Negro.      Indian. 
Under  1  year  1  955  605           252  386           8  216 

100  years  and  over..            764              2,675              116 
Age  unknown        .  .         134  224            31  040              949 

All    BSTPS    .                         R1   731   9K7          9.R27  7fi3          9fi=L  Rfi3 

POPULATION    BY    MARI1 

UNITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE—  ALL  AGES. 
Male.                  Female. 
Condition.               Number.    Pet.     Number.     Pet. 
Total               .             47  332  277    100  0    44  639  989    100  0 

"AJL    CONDITION     (1910). 

Dl- 

Single.  Married.  Widowed,  vorced. 
45  to  64—  Male...    722,701    5,771,630       598,642    58.177 
Female    499,564    4,383,497    l,324rS38    47,134 
65  and  over—  Male    123,322    1,303.768       539,058    13.075 
Female         .         124  223        687  335    1  140  558      6  903 

Siugle  27,455,607      58.0    23,522,121      52.7 

Married  18,093,498      38.2    17,688,169      39.6 
Widowed                       1  471  472        31      3  176  426        7  1 

MARITAL    CONDITION    BY    NATIVITY    AND 
COLOR. 
Population  15  Years  of  Age  and  Over. 
Wid-     Dl- 
State  and  sex.        Single.  Married,    owed.  vorced. 
Native  white—  Nat. 
par'ntage—  Male.6,185,324  9,144,099      728,883    87,456 

Divorced  '156*176        0.3         185101        0.4 

Not  reported  155524       03          68172       02 

POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 
Male.                 Female. 
Condition.              Number.    Pet.     Number.     Pet. 
Single   12550129      387      8933170      297 

Married  18,092,600      55.8    17,684,687      58.9 

Widowed    1,471,390        4.5      3,176,228      10.6 

Native  white—  For-  ' 
eign  or  mixed  par- 
entage-Male    ..2,906.042  2,677.706     160,779    24.688 
Female                   2  453  017  3  008  623     382  318    30  206 

Divorced     156,162        05         185068        06 

Not  reported  155  524       05           68  172       0  2 

MARITAL  CONDITION  BY  AGE  PERI9DS. 

Age  period.         Single.  Married.  Widowed.  vorced. 
15  to  19—  Male...  4,448,  067          51,877            1,110          347 
Female    3,985,764       513,239         10,261      3.650 
20  to  24—  Male...  3,  432,  161    1,100.093         18,815      6.732 
Female    2,163,683    2,225,362         55,354    20,370 
25  to  34—  Male...  2,767,957    4,964,769       110,431    34,571 
Female    1  516  726    5  443  894        294  327    57  262 

Foreign  born  white 
Male   2,268.9164,432,135      384.726    23.059 
Female    9941103624003      800112    20542 

Negro  —  Male  1  083  472  1  749  228      189  970    20  146 

Female                        823  996  1  775  949      459  S31    33  286 

Indian—  Male   27*,391    *  46*154         5*,319        '679 
Female    16  324       49  095        10  071         959 

Chinese—  Male    ...      34,330       26.449         1.139           45 
Female    680        2.016            229            5 
Japanese—  Male    ..      42,688       15,918            495           86 

35  to  44—  Male...  1,026,502    4*.873',153        198*701    42*,68? 
Female    628,516    4,410,310       411896    49  ''eg 

FOREIGN    BORN    POPULATION 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  BORN.        *pct.  In- 

Conntry  of  birth.                 1910.             1900.    crease. 
Northwestern  Europe....  6,740,400      7,016,311      —3.9 

*    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

^                                                                        *Pct.  In- 
Country  of  birth.                 1910.             1900.    crease. 
Austria   1174973         491295      1392 

Hungary  .  .      495  609         145  714      240  1 

England                                  '877*719        '840*513         4  4 

Balkan  peninsula  220,946    

Roumanla    65,923           15032      3386 

Wales    .        82*488           93*586        119 

Bulgaria  11,498    

Ireland    .                             1  352*251      1  615*459        16  3 

Serbia    4,639     

Montenegro  5,374    ...  . 

Scandinavian  countries..  l",25o!.733      1*072>,092       16.7 
Norway  403,877         336,388        20.1 

Greece   101  282             8  515    1089  5 

Turkey  in  Europe  32,230           9,910    

Sweden   665.207         582,014        14.3 

Europe  11,791,841      8,871,780        32.9 

Netherlands  120,063           94931        265 

Belgium    49400           29757        660 

France  117,418         104,197        12.7 

Turkey  in  Asia  59,729     
Other  Asiatic  2  591           11  895        78  2 

Switzerland    124.848         115.593         8.0 
feouthern  and  Eastern  Eu- 
rope                            5  048  583      1  832  894      175  4 

Asia  191,484          120,248        59.2 
Canada—  Newfoundland  .  1,209.717      1,179,922         2.5 
Canada—  French  385,083         395,126      —  2.6 
Canada—  Other   819,554         784,796          4.4 
West   Indies  ...                         47  635           25  435        87  3 

Portugal                                    '  59*360        '  30*608        93  9 

Spain    2°'l08             7*050      2136 

Italy   1343*125          484027      1775 

Russia  and  Finland  1,732*,462         640^743      170.4 
Russia       .                             1  602  782          578  102      177  ° 

Cuba     ...                                15  133           11*081        36  6 

Other  West  Indies  32*,502          14',354      126.4 

Finland  'l29*680           67*039      1070 

Austria-Hungary  1,670,582         637*,009      162.3 

Central  America...                   1.736            3.897    —55.5 

206 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Country  of  birth. 
South  America 


1910. 
8,228 


•Pet.  in- 

19QO.   crease. 

4,733        73.8 


America  1,489,231     1,317,380  13.0 

Africa 3,992  2,538  67.3 

Australia  9,035  6,807  32.7 

Atlantic    islands 18,274  9,768  87.1 

Pacific  islands 2,415  2,013  20.0 

Country  not  specified....  2,687  2,546  6.5 

Born  at  sea 6,927  8,196  —15.5 


Total  foreign  born 13,515,886    10,341,276       30.7 

*Mlnus  sign  ( — )  denotes  decrease. 

NOTE — The  figures  for  Europe  include  2,858 
from  countries  not  specified  in  1910  aud  22,575  in 
1900.  Bulgaria,  Serbia  and  Montenegro  were  in- 
cluded under  "country  not  specified"  in  1900. 
Turkey  in  Europe  and  Turkey  in  Asia  were  com- 
bined in  the  1900  census.  Newfoundland  was  in- 
cluded with  Canada  in  1900  census. 


born. 
1,174,924 
49,397 
21,451 


POPULATION  OF  FOREIGN 

ENTAGE  (1910) 

Foreign 

Country  of  origin. 

Austria   

Belgium  

Bulgaria*  

Canada— French  ... 

Canada— Other   810,987 

Denmark 181,621 

England  876,455 

France 117,236 

Germany  2,501,181 

Greece 101,264 

Hungary  495,600 

Ireland    1,352,155 

Italy   1,343,070 

Mexico  219,802 

Netherlands  120,053 

Norway   403,858 

Portugal   57,623 

Roumania  65,920 

Russia— Finland 1,732,421 

Scotland  261,034 

Spain  21,977 

Sweden 665,183 

Switzerland  124,834 

Turkey  in  Asia 69,702 

Turkey  in  Europe 32,221 

Wales 82,479 

Other  for.  countries..        88,014 
Mixed  for.  parentagef 


BIRTH  OB  PAR- 
.      Both          One 
parents     parent 
foreign,     foreign. 
709,070        117,565 
26,448 
948 

330,976 
859,204 
147,648 
692,285 
78,937 


13,419 
286 

216,179 
704,099 
70,795 
853,702 
96,216 

3.91M47  1,869,590 
5,524     2,877 
191,059    13,568 
2,141,577 
695,187 
107,866 
116,331 
410,951 
41,680 
20,707 
949,316 
175,391 
4,387 
646,788 
90,669 
17,480 
2,560 
84,934 
31,362 


1,177,092 


1,010,628 

60,103 

64,333 

67,190 

164,290 

11,819 

1,094 

70,938 

223,238 

6,770 

152,244 

86,147 

1,449 

533 

81,534 

40,919 


Total 13,345,145    12,916,311    6,981,526 

•Includes  Serbia  and  Montenegro. 

tParentsborn  in  different  foreign  countries. 

NOTE — The  above  table  includes  white  residents 
of  the  United  States  born  abroad  (foreign  born), 
those  having  both  parents  born  in  the  country 
specified  (both  parents  foreign)  and  those  having 


one  parent  born  in  the  country  specified  and  the 
other  in  the  United  States  (one  parent  foreign). 

POPULATION  OF  FOREIGN  BIRTH  OR  PAR- 
ENTAGE BY   STATES   (1910). 

Parentage.— 

Foreign  fMixed 

born.    *Foreign.   forei 


19,286 
48,765 
17,046 
586,432 


15,477 
42,578 


State. 

Alabama  

Arizona  

Arkansas    

California  

Colorado  129,587 

Connecticut 329,574 

Delaware   17,492 

District  of  Columbia.  24,902 

Florida 

Georgia  

Idaho  

Illinois 1.205J314 

Indiana  159,663 

Iowa ^ 273,765 

Kansas    135,450 

Kentucky  40,162 

Louisiana 62,766 

Maine  110,562 

Maryland  104,944 

Massachusetts 1,059,245 

Michigan    597,550 

Minnesota  643,595 

Missouri   229,799 

Montana  94,713 

Nebraska  176,662 

Nevada   19,691 

New  Hampshire 96,667 

New  Jersey 660,788 

New  Mexico 23,146 

New  York 2,748,011 

North  Carolina 6,092 

North  Dakota 156.654 

Ohio 698,374 

Oklahoma  40,442 

Oregon  113,136 

Pennsylvania 1,442,374 

Rhode  Island 179,141 

South  Carolina 6,179 

South   Dakota 100,790 

Tennessee 18.607 

Texas  

Utah  

Vermont  

Virginia  

Washington    256,241 

West  Virginia 67,218 

Wisconsin 612,865 

Wyoming  


32,417 
42,176 


65,822 
49,921 
27,057 


635,889 

181,428 

374,489 

25,873 

45,066 

35,825 

25,672 

75,195 

1,723,847 

350,551 

632,181 

292,105 

124,704 

112,717 

134,955 

191,838 

1,170,447 

964,882 

941,136 

618,201 

106,809 

362,353 

20,951 

103,117 

777,797 

26,331 

3,007,248 

8,851 

251.236 

1,024,393 

94,044 

135,238 

1,806,267 

194,646 

11,137 

217,491 

38,367 

361,914 

131,527 

75,055 

37,943 

282,528 

57,638 

1,044,761 

32,504 


2.829 

2,206 

2,414 

61.244 

14,683 

20,720 

1,666 

3,031 

2,863 

1,698 

6,834 

99,659 

14,293 

30,169 

17,433 

6.597 

8,146 

6,101 

7,994 

80,901 

69,997 

66.828 

27,483 

8,137 

19,177 

2,256 

4,329 

62,982 

1,351 

204,767 

416 

16,429 

63,139 

5,293 

12,323 

104,223 

12,688 

592 

12,577 

2.456 

13,143 

16,675 

3,235 

2,262 

26,223 

2,646 

50,297 

2,949 


Total  13,515,886    18,897,837    1,177.092 

*Native  white  persons  having  both  parents 
born  in  same  country,  or  one  parent  born  in 
foreign  country  and  the  other  in  the  United 
States.  fNative  whites  whose  parents  were  born 
in  different  foreign  countries. 


FOREIGN    BORN    POPULATION    BY    STATES   (1910). 
Classified  by  country  of  origin. 
Canada.- 


State. 

Austria.] 
904 

Belgium.  *Bulgaria.  French. 
45             106              96 
50             371             177 
111              17             119 
1,464             880          3,109 
375             609             789 
330               69        18,889 
8                1              63 
41              10             109 
60              14            151 
27                6              70 
94             676             796 
9,399          1,875          7,440 
2,298             676             789 
929             635             944 
1,703             118          1,087 
73               77               98 
292              25             250 
30              32        35,013 
69              31             110 

Other. 
737 

1.650 
955 
41,568 
8,792 
7,868 
441 
1.052 
1,577 
731 
4,575 
38.311 
5,049 
10,675 
6.101 
972 
941 
41,210 
1,320 

China. 
44 
1,016 
44 

27,764 
,   320 
385 
29 
270 
156 
174 
773 
1,560 
196 
76 
16 
34 
346 
65 
299 

tCuba.Denm'rk.] 
230            197 
37             884 
27             178 
854        14,209 
99          2,756 
341          2,724 
34               52 
243             176 
17,050             295 
226             112 
13          2,254 
551        17,369 
82             900 
76        17,961 
74         2,760 
42              78 
630             239 
80             929 
453             237 

Engl'nd.Flnl'nd. 
2,365              38 
3,500             560 
1,519               15 
48,703          6,159 
12,928          1,239 
22,463             776 
1,558                 9 
2,638               21 
3,078               89 
1,671               49 
4.983             652 
60.363          2,390 
9,783             215 
16,788             140 
11.262               49 
2.619               18 
2.086             118 
6,651             831 
6,211               47 

Arizona    

1  483 

Arkansas 

1  268 

California  
Colorado      

.  17,165 
13  043 

Connecticut  ... 
Delaware  
Dist.  Columbia. 
Florida     

.  23,642 
.        992 
459 
228 

Georgia    

349 

Idaho  .. 

1,561 

Illinois   

.163,025 
11  831 

Indiana    

Iowa 

15  967 

12,094 

Kentucky  
Louisiana  
Maine 

.    1,032 
.    1,597 
831 

Maryland    

.    8,254 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


207 


State. 


Massachusetts   .  35,455 

Michigan   31,034 

Minnesota  37,121 

Missouri  16,222 

Montana    8,350 

Nebraska  24,362 

Nevada   822 

New  Hampshire    2,438 

New  Jersey 56.779 

New  Mexico 1,233 

New  York .245,004 

North  Carolina..  139 
North  Dakota...  5,149 

Ohio   72,887 

Oklahoma  3,8b9 

Oregon  5,241 

Pennsylvania  ..251,774 
Rhode  Island....  6,130 
South  Carolina.  222 
South  Dakota...  5,372 

Tennessee  637 

Texas 20,570 

Utah  1,870 

Vermont  1,087 

Virginia   1,281 

Washington    12, 745 

West   Virginia..    8,360 
Wisconsin  .... 
Wyoming 


, Luuuda. N 

Austria.Belgium.  'Bulgaria.Frencb.      Other. 


38,692 
3,966 


1,745 

5,683 

1,557 

1,000 

235 

491 

26 

175 

1,867 

44 

3,484 
& 

229 

1,525 

191 

573 

5,250 

959 

97 

237 

27 

328 

74 

25 

48 

1,228 

800 

4,020 


169 

375 

2,421 

451 

2,155 

183 

178 

21 

122 

167 

1,033 

2 

268 

1,697 

115 

1,095 

1,407 

50 

1 

501 
11 
240 
346 
2 
10 

1,647 
100 
393 
331 


134,659 


11,062 

779 

2,874 

674 

272 

40,865 

1,203 

111 

24,563 
29 

2,376 

2,310 

320 

1.146 

1,246 

34,087 

39 

998 

91 

356 

114 

14,643 

104 

3,711 

88 

7,992 
143 


162,710 
144,780 


China.  tCuba.Denm'rk.Eugl'nd.Finl'nd. 


7,290 
10.968 

6,661 

1,575 
17,013 

7,832 
912 


514 
19,131 
21,382 

2,551 
11.263 
14.737 

7,867 
243 

5.012 

1,065 


11,415 
1,256 

35,771 
784 

17,004 
1,288 


1,873 
187 
249 
452 


760 

53 

932 

202 

4,482 

61 

30 

398 

127 

6,468 

1,468 

215 

46 

98 

40 

492 

311 

7 

126 
2,301 
62 
163 
204 


2,287 

150 

112 

272 

39 

47 

16 

40 

1,917 
25 

17,483 
43 
9 

245 
65 
68 

2,105 

316 

59 

17 

71 

359 

9 

37 
233 
175 
46 
54 
38 


State. 

Franc< 

j.Germaj 

592 

3,603 

323 

1,846 

Arkansas  

387 

5,815 

California  

17,407 

76,307 

Colorado  

1,374 

17,071 

Connecticut  .... 

2,619 

31,127 

Delaware  

170 

2,573 

Dist.  Columbia. 

611 

5,179 

Florida  ........ 

285 

2,446 

Georgia  

224 

3,029 

Idaho  

333 

5,049 

Illinois   .- 

7,972 

319,199 

Indiana  

2,388 

62,179 

Iowa  

1,618 

98,759 

Kansas   

2,657 

34,508 

Kentucky  

645 

19,351 

Louisiana    

5,345 

8,926 

Maine   

290 

1.282 

Maryland  
Massachusetts.. 

552 
5,926 

36,657 
30,555 

Michigan   

2,421 

131,586 

Minnesota  

1,460 

109,628 

Missouri  

2,794 

88,226 

Montana  < 

639 

8,669 

Nebraska  

639 

57.302 

Nevada  

653 

1,916 

New  Hampshire 

169 

2,046 

New  Jersey  

6,240 

122,880 

New  Mexico  

326 

1,746 

New  York  

23,472 

436,911 

North    Carolina. 

114 

1.074 

North  Dakota... 

265 

16,572 

Ohio   

4,838 

175,095 

Oklahoma    

749 

10,090 

Oregon  

1,159 

17,958 

Pennsylvania    .. 

10,003 

195,202 

Rhode  Island  — 

1,711 

4,459 

South  Carolina.. 

70 

1,744 

South   Dakota.., 

252 

21.544 

Tennessee   

305 

3,903 

Texas  

1,821 

44,929 

Utah  

303 

3,963 

Vermont  

219 

798 

Virginia    

300 

4,228 

Washington   

2,340 

29,388 

West  Virginia... 

535 

6,327 

Wisconsin     

1,396 

233.384 

Wyoming  

316 

2,638 

Including  Serbia  and  Montenegro.   tAnd  other  West   Indies. 
Ireland.      Italy.     Japan. 


C33 

585 

1,167 

10 

22 

1,159 

179 

285 

1,079 

372 

799 

44,476 

2,272 

1,632 

8,710 

1,074 

13,855 

58,458 

34 

247 

3,985 

342 

155 

5,347 

886 

79 

1.069 

941 

230 

1,655 

1,843 

202 

1,782 

10,031 

39,859 

93,455 

1,370 

14,370 

11,266 

3,356 

1,178 

17,756 

1,410 

1,078 

8,100 

273 

725 

6,914 

237 

397 

3,757 

579 

157 

7,890 

463 

2,089 

9,705 

11,413 

1,996 

222,867 

1,196 

11,597 

20,434 

1,660 

5,582 

15,859 

2,790 

11,532 

23,297 

1,905 

1.486 

9.469 

3,459 

1,453 

8,124 

1.051 

44 

1,702 

2,634 

66 

10,613 

1,575 

47,610 

82,758 

167 

209 

644 

10,097 

96,843 

367,889 

174 

37 

306 

1,083 

2,855 

2,498 

2,555 

85,881 

40,062 

590 

348 

1,801 

3,555 

1,160 

4,995 

4,221 

123,498 

165,109 

951 

294 

29,718 

282 

40 

676 

231 

594 

2,980 

374 

376 

2.296 

756 

926 

5,357 

4,039 

171 

1,657 

113 

539 

4,940 

721 

1,784 

2,450 

4,187 

1,160 

10,180 

787 

5.939 

2,292 

2,764 

10,554 

14,049 

1,915 

437 

1,359 

2,696 
699 
1,699 

22,777 

14,375 

56,954 
2,893 
2,761 
4,538 
545 
2,067 

72,163 
6,911 
5,845 
3.520 
1.316 

20,333 
3,468 
6,969 

85,056 

16,861 
9,669 

12.984 

6,592 

3,799 

2.831 

2.071 

115,446 

1,959 

472,201 

521 

1,262 

41,620 
2,564 

.5,538 
196,122 

27,287 
316 
1,158 
2,034 
7,190 
3,117 
4,594 
2,449 

13,121 

17.292 
9,273 
1,961 


5 
284 
9 

10,264 

2,245 

65 

4 

44 

46 

5 

1,330 
274 
41 
33 
111 
11 
30 
12 
23 
150 
56 
67 
100 
1,566 
583 
855 
1 

193 

254 

1,163 

2 

58 

70 

47 

3,277 

181 

30 

7 

33 
8 

316 

2,050 

3 

14 

12,177 
4 

34 
1,575 


3,405   92,658 

10,744 

6,315 

42,737 

31,144 

16,137 

12,139 

26,637 

1,729 

13,760 

120 

1,943 

8,981 

4,111 

13,674 

8.009 

79 

616 

1.793 

174 

131 

4,862 

1,198 

5,059 

50,375 

1,640 

116 

1,101 

26 

12,544 

146,870 

8,760 

36 

940 

18 

5,355 

3,070 

1,186 

1,837 

43,347 

3,988 

550 

2,981 

18 

3,215 

7,998 

4,734 

3,034 

109,115 

2,413 

328 

27,834 

297 

51 

517 

42 

6,294 

4,024 

1  381 

163 

2,045 

21 

1,289 

8,498 

160 

8,300 

18,083 

1,012 

172 

2,464 

293 

240 

3,687 

50 

7,804 

19,430 

8,709 

67 

3,511 

127 

16,454 

13,959 

5,705 

962 

2.985 

1,380 

es. 

Nether- 

Nor- 

Mexico. 

lands. 

way. 

81 

127 

266 

14,172 

23 

123 

132 

145 

76 

8,086 

1,015 

5,060 

2,602 

710 

1,787 

19 

304 

1,265 

2 

20 

38 

26 

64 

149 

145 

85 

304 

25 

52 

145 

133 

261 

2,566 

672 

14,402 

32,913 

47 

2,131 

531 

620 

11,337 

21,924 

8,429 

906 

1,294 

28 

140 

53 

1,025 

113 

295 

28 

27 

580 

10 

203 

363 

71 

1.597 

5,432 

86 

33,471 

7,638 

52 

3,542 

105,303 

1,413 

988 

660 

67 

1,054 

7,170 

290 

872 

2,750 

732 

44 

255 

6 

48 

491 

97 

12,698 

5,351 

11,918 

86 

151 

555 

12,652 

25,013 

10 

28 

39 

8 

709 

45,937 

85 

2,278 

1,110 

2,744 

230 

351 

199 

618 

6,843 

153 

1,231 

2,320 

8 

143 

578 

2 

19 

82 

15 

2,656 

20,918 

45 

78 

89 

125,016 

424 

1,785 

166 

1,392 

2,305 

6 

25 

102 

12 

99 

311 

145 

2,157 

12,177 

10 

60 

38 

39 

7,379 

57,000 

188 

79 

623 

State. 
Alabama 
Arizona   .. 
Arkansas 
California 
Colorado  . 


Portugal.  Roumania.  Russia.  Scotland. 


4 

29 
1 

22,539 
43 


1,120 
334 


1,531 
311 
760 
16,610 
13,618 


1,120 
576 
442 
13,695 

4,269 


Turkey   Turkey 
Spain.  Sweden. Switzerland. (Asia). (Europe). Wales. 


74 
857 


4,229 

177 


753 

843 

385 

26.212 

12,446 


213 

314 

804 

14,521 

1,167 


128 

169 

3,709 


128 
44 
45 
812 
217 


230 
210 
148 
2,416 
1,989 


208 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


State. 
Connecticut 

Delaware  

Dist.  Columbia. 

Florida  

Georgia 

Idaho  

Illinois   

Indiana 

Iowa  

Kansas  

Kentucky 

Louisiana  

Maine 

Maryland 


Portugal.  Roumania.  Russia.  Scotland. 


707 

1 


291 
6 
8 
9 
3 
73 
82 
37 


Massachusetts..  26,437 

Michigan  

Minnesota  

Missouri  

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota.. 

Ohio  

Oklahoma 

Oregon  

Pennsylvania  .. 
Rhode  Island.... 
South  Carolina.. 
South  Dakota... 


Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington   ... 

West    Virginia. 

Wisconsin  

Wyoming 


20 
16 
44 
31 
7 

305 
110 
145 
10 
660 
20 
3 

182 
19 
174 
225 
6,501 
3 
2 
2 
89 
8 
79 
85 
179 
3 
9 
60 


718 


19 

4,306 

709 

384 

67 

100 

111 

20 

220 

858 

510 

2,008 

1,522 

266 


26 

2,208 
6 

34,443 
7 

1,070 

3,974 

27 

258 

7,752 

415 

9 

55 

77 

259 

18 

17 

72 

211 

259 

446 

57 


54,121 

3,429 

3,393 

547 

3,224 

743 

149,016 

9,599 

6,310 

15,311 

3,222 

1,805 

4,752 

27,537 

117,261 

37,978 

17,541 

21,402 

2,228 

13,020 

135 

4,345 

93,567 

228 

558,956 
711 
31,910 
48,756 
5,807 
5,321 


9,765 

786 

13,189 

2,484 

5,739 

568 

2,455 

4.379 

10,961 

5,143 

29,644 

763 


6,750 

344 

705 

606 

527 

1,282 

20.765 

3,419 

5,162 

3,591 

641 

455 

2,389 

1,955 

28,416 

9,952 

4.373 

3,651 

3,373 

2,242 

469 

1,979 

17,512 

509 

39,437 

435 

1,696 

10,705 

1,218 

3,387 

32,046 

6,272 

239 

1,102 

561 

2,038 

2,853 

2,615 

1,246 

7.101 


1,812 


Turkey  Turkey 
Spain.  Sweden.Switzerland.  (Asia). (Kurupe).  Wales. 


5 

51 
4,199 

91 

1,047 
364 

40 

40 
282 

24 
719 
111 

84 
649 

53 

53 
266 

49 

21 
778 

17 

495 

100 

3,766 

8 

13 
123 

47 
462 
354 

40 

14 
5 

26 
848 

24 
351 

69 
385 
464 

34 
120 


18,208 

332 

359 

729 

289 

4,985 

116,424 

5,081 

26,763 

13,309 

190 

344 

2,203 

421 


26,374 

122,428 

6,654 

6,412 

23,219 

708 

2,068 

10,547 

365 

53,705 

112 

12,160 

5,522 

1,028 

10,099 

23.467 

7,405 

95 

9,998 

363 

4,706 

7,227 

1,331 

368 

32,199 

279 

25,739 

2,497 


78 

281 

146 

169 

1,319 

8,661 

2,765 

3,675 

2,853 

1,653 

421 

56 

452 

1,341 

2,780 

2,992 

6,141 

988 

2,150 

468 

78 

7,549 

172 

16,315 

68 

560 


770 
3,853 
7,484 

221 


1,773 

1,691 

214 

246 

3,447 
600 

8,036 
251 


1,738 
10 
139 
291 
376 
73 
2,690 


287 

369 

949 

744 

80 

12,546 

1,567 
698 

1,084 
201 
672 
25 
891 

2,396 
123 

9,478 
402 
392 

2,031 
376 
197 

4,486 

3,132 
263 
246 
159 

1,125 
215 
189 
484 
423 
726 
791 
151 


9 

41 

744 

99 

129 

2,453 

2,274 

479 

287 

55 

196 

721 

44 

3,592 
342 
628 
1,000 
491 
247 
15 

1,965 
389 
17 

5,004 
107 
270 
1,935 
135 
553 
2,754 
658 
43 
238 
20 
237 
146 
31 
144 
728 
420 
397 
262 


816 
34 

87 

63 

89 

722 

4,091 

1,498 

2,434 

1,615 

222 


583 

1,513 
786 

1,023 

1,219 
884 
824 
168 
68 

1,202 
93 

7,464 
35 
222 

9,377 
365 
585 
29,255 
268 
11 
503 
252 
301 

1,672 

1,043 
225 

1,976 
880 

2,507 
419 


FOREIGN   BORN   IN  .CITIES   OF   250.000   OE   MORE    INHABITANTS    (1910). 


Balti- 
Country  of  birth,  more.  Boston.  Buffalo.  Chicago. 


Austria  6,540         2,413 

Belgium  28 

Bulgaria*   14 

Canada — French  45 

Canada— Other  752 

China  245 

Cubat 355 

Denmark   132 

Fnffland  2,698 

Finland  36 

France  357 

Germany   26,024 

Greece  347 

Hungary 1,358 

Ireland   6,* 


Italy 

Japan  

Mexico  

Netherlands 

Norway  

Portugal  

Roumania  ... 


5,043 
12 
6 

106 
199 
26 
216 
24,803 
518 
49 
237 
228 
60 
24 
99 


3,098 

47,802 

819 

1,070 

1.031 

13,671 

455 

1,081 

8,701 

1,497 

426 

66,041 


9,284 
37 
10 
566 
16,868 
67 
45 
200 
7,070 
58 
684 


Scotland  

Spain   

Sweden  

Switzerland  .... 
Turkey  (Asia)... 
Turkey  (Europe) 

Wales  

All  other _ 

Total 77,ft62      243,365 

Minne- 
Country  of  birth.  apolis. 

Austria  6,075 

Belgium   63 

Bulgaria*    235 

Canada— French   1,637 


61 
24 

486 
1,914 
1,296 

373 
41,892 
5,062 

268 
7,123 

415 
2,088 

623 

315 
1,222 


2,742 

9.423 

11,399 

12 

20 

314 

253 

12 

106 

11,349 

1,978 

24 

1,021 
639 
207 
97 
217 
262 


132,063 

2,665 

515 

4,633 

26,688 

1,335 

393 

11.484 

27,912 

1,191 

3,036 

182,289 

6,564  • 

28,938 

65,965 

45,169 

220 

188 

9,632 

24,186 

50 

3,344 

121,786 

10,305 

243 

63.035 

3,494 

1,175 

711 

1,818 

2,400 


Cin- 
cinnati. 
1,638 
24 
184 
73 
887 
16 
40 
79 

1,872 

10 

665 

28,426 

180 

6,344 

6,224 

2,245 

15 

322 
37 
8 

454 
4,999 
458 
20 
114 
696 
245 
280 
177 
121 


Cleve- 
land. 
42,059 
90 
46 
671 
8,794 
155 
71 
448 
11,420 
499 
494 
41,408 
275 
31,503 
11,316 


16 

'18 

1,076 

512 

3 

761 

25.477 

2,880 

28 

1,657 

1.373 

4S7 

251 

1,298 

339 


Detroit. 

14,160 

2,237 

65 

4,166 

38,648 

24 

58 

411 

9,038 

59 

636 

44,675 

5S5 

5,935 

5,584 

5,724 

28 

27 

584 

225 

5 

313 
16,644 
3,320 
18 
601 
595 
561 
125 
170 
311 


Jersey 
City. 
4,978 
173 
7 

107 

1,010 

132 

212 

346 

4,632 

681 

596 

16,131 

179 

1,084 

16,124 

12,060 

5 

14 

243 

1,360 

25 

196 

13,667 

1,668 

72 

1,280 
653 
103 
38 
139 
172 


Los    Milwau- 
Angeles. 
2,510 

213 

116 

592 
7,686 
1,481 

119 
1,096 
7,581 

261 
1,916 
9,684 

361 

820 
3,878 
3,802 
3,931 
6,632 

408 
1,003 

128 

297 
4,758 
1,589 

384 
3,414 

828 

385 

120 

414 


11,653 

86 

64 

218 

1,671 

39 

31 

619 

2,086 

110 

251 

64,818 

1,104 

5,571 

1,966 

3,374 


726 


615 
2,144 
1 

267 
11,992 
647 
21 
781 
833 
78 
147 
231 
195 


118,689  783.428 

New  New 

Orleans.  York. 

645  190,246 

91  2,260 

5  540 

101  2,844 


56,859 


Newark. 

12,963 

70 

10 


'Including  Serbia  and  Montenegro. 


196,170  157,534  77,987  66,133  111.529 

Phila-  Pitts-  St.  S.  Frnn-  Wash., 

delphia.    burgh.  Louis..  Cisco.  D.  O. 

19,860  21,400  11,171  9,641  45» 

478  100  353  448  41 

100  71  165  160  10 

99               301  86  260  474  109 

tAnd  other  West   Indies. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


20& 


Minne-         New        New 
Country  of  birth.           apolis.    Orleans.    York.      1> 
Canada  —  -Other                    .    5  905       •     387        23  476 

Phlla- 
•  ewark.    delphia. 
1,126           3,735 
194               866 
183            1,529 
360           1,119 
6,698          36,564 
69               226 
697           2,659 
22,177          61,480 
297               589 
6,029          12.495 
11,225          83,196 
20,494         45,308 
10                 87 
10                 59 
202               349 
190           1,144 
8                54 
1,160           4,413 
21,912          90,697 
2,547           9,177 
54               100 
782           2,429 
779           2,013 
127               973 
48              525 
106           1,033 
281            1,049 

Pitts-          St.       S.  Fran-  Wash., 
burgh.     Louis.       Cisco.       D.  C. 
1.741          2,256          5,701          1,052 
197             351          6,914             270 
124             141             291             243 
110             441          3,119             176 
9,528          5,226          9,821          2,63& 
70               46          1,846               21 
885          1,218          6,252             511 
29,438        47,766        24,137          5.179 
773          1,312          2,275              342 
6,576          8,759          1.247             156 
18,873        14,272        23,153          5,347 
14,120          7,594        16,919          2,761 
27               43          4,191               44 
17             180          1,792               26 
109             422             500               64 
117             204          3,769              149 
2               14             593                 2 
1,521          1,055    1         583               41 
26,391        15,481          4,643          3,393 
3,283          1,313          3,669             705 
23             227          1,177               51 
1,355          1,129          6,970             359 
1,007          2,653          2,587              281 
452             730             320              139 
79              838             402               41 
2,159             197             402               87 
290             406          3.302             206 

China  92            219          3936 

Cubaf      •••            •                        24             468        16  415 

Denmark                              .    2  030            117         7  997 

England  2,799         1,356        78,483 
Finland              875              34         7410 

France                                   .       293          3  671        18  293 

Germany    8,650         6122      278137 

Greece    463             175          8  038 

Hungary                ...          1  176              90        76  627 

Ireland                                   •    2  867          2  996      252  672 

Italy    653          8066      340770 

Japan      33              20            957 

Mexico                                   •         14             289            426 

Netherlands  209              43         4193 

Norwav        16402             181        22  281 

Portugal                                                          36             431 

Roumania   1,412              93       33,586 

Russia      »   5,654         1254      484193 

Scotland         .            1  060             257        23  123 

Spain     21             453          3359 

Sweden        ..          26,478             160        34952 

Switzerland            ...         •        299             247        10  452 

Turkey   (Asia)  219             192          6,160 

\Vales              213              20         1*779 

All  other  187             499          6.626 

Total  86,099        28,333  1,944,357 

111,007        384,707 

140,924      126,223      142.298        24,902 

ITANTS   (1910).      fScandi- 
Ireland.      Italy,      navia.  ^Russia. 
4,545          2,205             188          2",460 
302               95             102          1.342 
309          1,360             183             592 
5,085          5.022          2,200          4,142 
10,637          1,545          2,131          3,735 
1,809          1,619             168          1,534 
976             356               80          1,527 
3,965          2,664          6,029          5,627 
5,194          1,025             189          2,182 
871             319          1,366          3,622 
3,255             658              436          1,255 
3,267          2,579          2,666          3,431 
2,700             654             137          2,014 
9,983             259         '     772          1.886 
803          1,140             205             956 
572               91               46             596 
9,004        13,159          1,919          8,049 
4.160          3,800          4,794          1,118 
1,849          2.361          6,860          2,614 
4,971          9,317             243          6,867 
2,267          2,557          8,723          4,892 
15,801        17,305          4,058          7,518 
405             511               67             829 
5.230        10,638             607          7,187 
4,184          1,995        16,810          4,432 
5,302          3,549             142          8,571 
3,177          3,547        17,749          3,877 
1,021          1,545          5,786             877 
4.877          4,756             200          5.278 
1,971             270             323          3.345 
10,535          2,889          8,599        10,213 
Denmark.     ^Includes  Finland. 

FOREIGN   BORN   IN    CITIES   OF   100,000   T 
C4ty.                 Total.      Austria.Canada.*England.< 

Albany,  N.  Y...  18,218             586             959          1,682 
Atlanta.  Ga....     4,501             113             256             595 
Birming'm.Ala.     5,730             134             239          1,343 
Bridgep't.Conn.  36,264          3,858         1,277          3,901 
Camb'ge.Mass..  35,328             156        10,172          2.851 
Columbus,  O  16,363             818             696         1,335 
Dayton,  0  13,892             660             407             620 
Denver,  Col  39,749         1,698         3,492          5,920 
FallRlver.Mass.  50,958         2,614        16.260        11.964 
G.Rapids.Mich..  28,387             549          3,221          1,148 
Indianap's.Ind..  19,842         1,227            848         1,628 
Kansasdty.Mo.  25,466             571          1,760          2,927 
Louisville,  Ky..  17,473             316             371             938 
Lowell,  Mass...   43,494         1,948        16,342          5,751 
Memphis,  Tenn.     6,520             261             337             691 
Nashville,  Tenn.     3,017              91             135             366 
N.Haven.Conn..  42,989          1,109         1,335          2,663 
Oakland.  Cal...    40.846          1.267          3,150          5,304 
Omaha,  Neb  27,179         3,414         1,218         1,989 
Paterson,  N.  J.    45,485             883             487         7,791 
Portland.  Ore..    50,312          2,548         5,211          5,363 
Providence.R.I.   76.999         1,574          8,835        12,676 
Richmond,  Va..     4,136             118            122             652 
Rochester,  N.Y.  59.076          1,688         9,718          5,979 
St.  Paul,  Minn..  56,657          3,900          4,435          2,879 
Scranton,  Pa...    35,122          3.184             301         7.716 
Seattle,  Wash..   67,456          2,025        10,708          8.553 
Spokane,  Wash.  21.820             712         4,450          2,898 
Syracuse  NY       30  848         1  265          3  257          2  942 

0   250,000   INHAB 
3ermany  .  Hungary. 

4,620                 67 
729                 92 
706                 78 
2,811            6.975 
728               102 
8,722               970 
5,817            2,761 
6,636               465 
234                  3 
4,546               209 
7,518               852 
5.354               332 
8.471               441 
205                24 
1,429                71 
554              177 
4,115               473 
5,546               248 
4,861               554 
5,741               483 
7.490               584 
2,076               126 
892                 36 
14,624               415 
14,025           1,989 
4,325            1,214 
6,176               345 
2.755               126 
6,903               212 
15,308           2,927 
580                 20 
vay,   Sweden  and 

Toledo,  0  32,144             879          3,180          2,052 
Worces'r.Mass..  48,597             362          8,415          4,012 
•Includes  Scotland  and  Wales.     tComprises  Non 

PERCENTAGES    OF    NATIVE    A? 
Born   Born  in  For- 
Total           in       other    eign 
State.                       population,  state,  states,  born. 
Alabama                           2  138  093        86  9        12  0         09 

JD   FOREIGN    BORN    (1910).       Born   Born  in  For- 
Total          in       other    eign 
State.                        population,  state,  states,  born. 
Maine  742.371        78.0         fi.7        14.9 

Maryland   
Massachusetts  .. 

....   1.295,346        79.2        12.5          8.1 
3,366,416        55.3        12.9    .    31.5 

Arizona                        ..      204,354        38.6        36.6        23  9 

Arkansas                       .  1  574  449        67  1        31  4          11 

Michigan    
Minnesota    
Mississippi 

....  2,810,173        62.7        15.5        21.3 
....  2,075,708        54.0        19.4        26.2 
1  797  114        87  0        12  2          05 

California    2,377,549        38.0        36.3        24.7 
Colorado                              799  024        29  2        53  8        16  9 

Connecticut    1,114,756        54.5        15.7        29.6 
Delaware                             202  322        67  8        23  4         86 

Missouri  

3,293,335        67.5        250          7.0 

Montana  ... 

376  053        26  4        47  3        25  2 

District  of  Columbia      331,069        42.1        49.7         7.5 
Florida                                 759  619        61  5        32  5          54 

Nebraska   
Nevada  
New   Hampshire 
New   Jersey  
New  Mexico  
New   York  
North  Carolina.. 
North   Dakota... 
Ohio    
Oklahoma    

....  1,192,214        50.0        34.7        14.8 
81,875        26.4        48.5        24.1 
430.572        57.7        19.2        22.5 
....  2.537.167        53.0        20.7        26.0 
....       327,301        56.4        36.0          7.1 
....   9.113.614        62.0          7.5        30.3 
....  2,206,237        94.7          4.9          0.3 
....       577,056        34.3        37.6        27.1 
....  4,767,121        74.4        12.7        12.6 
..   1,657.155        31.1        65.9          2.4 

Georgia       2,609121        90.6          8.5          0.1 

Idaho              ..                    325594        277        584        13.1 

Illinois                              5  638  591        60  4        17  7        21.4 

Indiana    2,700,876        75.2        18.6          5.9 

Iowa                                 .  2  2<>4  771        63  7        23  6        12.3 

Kansas                              1  690  949        48  7        42  8         80 

Kentucky     2,289,905        88.7          9.4         1.8 

Louisiana   ..                ..  1.656.388        84.9        11.5          3.2 

210 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


State. 
Oregon 

Total 
Population. 
672  765 

Born  Born  in  For- 
in      other    eign 
state,  states,  born. 
33.5        49.0       \6.8 
73.6          7.4        18.8 
49.2        17.5        33.0 
94.4          5.1          0.4 
38.6        43.6        17.3 
85.7        13.1          0.9 
70.1        23.3          6.2 
65.1        16.2        17.6 
70.4        14.7        14.0 
89.4          9.2          1.3 
23.0        53.3        22.4 
76.2        18.8         4.7 

Born  Born  in  For- 
Total           in      other    eign 
State.                  Population,  state,  states,  born. 

7  665  111 

Wyoming  145,965        21.8        57.7        19.9 
United  States  91,972,266       66.5       18.4       14.7 

NOTE—  The    total    population    includes    persons 
born  in  the  United  States,  state  of  birth  not  re- 
ported,   persons   born  in   outlying  possessions   o» 
at  sea  under  the  United  States  nag,   and  Ameri- 
can citizens  born  abroad.     Their  combined  num- 
ber was  only  360,961.  or  0.4  per  cent  of  the  total 
population. 

Rhode   Island  

542,610 

South  Carolina... 
South  Dakota 

1,515,400 
683  888 

Tennessee   

2,184,789 

Texas  

..  3,896  542 

Utah        .  . 

373  351 

255  956 

Virginia  

2,061,612 

Washington       .   . 

1  141  990 

West  Virginia..., 

..  1.221.119 

MOTHER   TONGUE  OF   FOREIGN   WHITE   STOCK    (1910). 


In  the  following  tables,  prepared  by  the  federal 
census  bureau,  the  foreign  white  stock  referred 
to  is  the  aggregate  white  population  of  the 
United  States  which  is  foreign  either  by  birth 
or  by  parentage.  It  embraces  all  foreign  born 
whites  and  all  native  whites  having  one  or  both 
parents  foreign  born.  It  must  be  remembered 
that  the  foreign  stock  as  here  denned  only  in- 
cludes the  first  and  second  generations— immi- 
grants and  native  children  of  immigrants — and 
does  not  include  the  grandchildren  or  great- 
grandchildren of  immigrants.  In  other  words, 
the  figures  do  not  include  the  exact  relative  im- 
portance of  the  several  ethnic  stocks  in  the 
total  population. 

The  eight  major  mother-tongue  stocks  in  the 
United  States,  arranged  in  the  order  of  their 
importance,  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Mother  tongue. 


Number.  tPer  cent. 


English  and  Celtic* 10.037,420  31.1 

German   8,817,271  27.3 

Italian   2,151,422  6.7 

?olish  1,707,640  5.3 

iddish  and   Hebrew 1,676,762  6.2 

Swedish  1,445.869  4.5 

French 1,357,169  4.1 

Norwegian 1,009,854  3.1 

Total  eight  mother  tongues... 28,203, 407  87.5 

Other  mother  tongues 4,039,975  12.5 

All   mother  tongues 32,243,382  loolo 

*Includes    persons    reporting    Irish,    Scotch    or 
Welsh.    fPer  cent  of  distribution. 


English-Celtic... 

German 

Italian 

Polish 

Yiddish-Hebrew. 

Swedish 

French 

Norwegian 


Diagram  showing  foreign  white  stock  in  the 
United  States  in  1910,  by  principal  native  or 
mother  tongues. 


FOREIGN    STOCK   IN  DETAIL. 


Foreign 

Native  i 

Mother  tongue. 

Total. 

born. 

born. 

English  and  Celtic.. 

..10,037,420 

3,363,792 

6,673,628 

Germanic    

..  9,187,007 

2,910,857 

6,276,150 

German    

..  8,817,271 

2,759,032 

6,058,239 

Dutch    

..      324,930 

126,045 

198,885 

Flemish   

44.806 

25.780 

10.026 

Scandinavian  

..  2,902,196 

1,272,150 

1,630.046 

Swedish    
Norwegian    

..  1,445,869 
..  1,009,854 

683,218 
402,587 

762,651 
607,267 

Danish    

..      446,473 

186,345 

260,128 

Latin   and   Greek  

..  4,279,560 

2,385,388 

1,894,172 

Italian    

..  2,151,422 

1,365,110 

786,312 

French    

..  1,357,169 

528,842 

828,327 

Spanish  
Portuguese  

..      448.198 
..      141,268 

258,131 
72,649 

190,067 
68.619 

Roumanian   

51,124 

42,277 

8,847 

Greek  

.  .      130,379 

118,379 

12,000 

Slavic  and  Lettish.. 

..  3.240.467 

1.831.666 

1,408.801 

Polish    

..  1,707,640 

943,781 

763,859 

Bohemian    

..      539,392 

228,738 

310,654 

Slovak  

..      284,444 

166.474 

117,970 

Russian    •  

95,137 

57,926 

37,211 

Ruthenian    

35,359 

25,131 

10.228 

..      183,431 

123,631 

59.800 

Mother  tongue.  Total. 

Croatian     93,036 

Dalmatian    5,505 

Serbian   26,752 

Montenegrin    3,961 

Bulgarian    19,380 

Slavic,    other 35,195 

Lithuanian    211,235 

Yiddish  and  Hebrew..  1,676,762 

Magyar  320,893 

Finnish  200,688 

Armenian    30,021 

Syrian  and  Arabic....  46,727 

Turkish     5,441 

Albanian   2,366 

All  other 790 

Unknown     313,044 


Foreign 
born. 

Native 
born. 

74,036 

19,000 

4,344 

1.161 

23,403 

3.349 

3,886 

75 

18,341 

1,039 

21,012 

14.183 

140.963 

70,272 

1,051,767 

624.995 

229.094 

91,799 

120,086 

80,602 

23,938 

6,083 

32,868 

13.859 

4,709 

732 

2.312 

54 

646 

144 

116,272 

196,772 

All   mother  tongues. 32,243,382  13,345,545  18,897.837 

NOTE— In  the  above  table  Celtic  includes  Irish, 
Scotch  and  Welsh;  Dutch  includes  Frisian;  Bo- 
hemian includes  Moravian;  Lithuanian  includes 
Lettish. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


211 


URBAN  AND   RUI 

The   census   bureau   classifies   as   urban   popula- 
tion   that   residing   in    cities    and   other   incorpo- 
rated  places   of  2,500   inhabitants  or   more.     The 
proportion  of  the  total  population  of  continental 
United  States  living  in  urban  and  rural  territory 
at  the  censuses  of  1910  and  1900  was  as  follows: 
1910.  s    ,  1900.  » 
Population.  Pr.ct.  Population.  Pr.ct. 
Urban                    42  623  383        46  3        30  797  185        40  5 

IAL  POPULATION. 

Per  cent. 
State.                         Urban.        Rural.  Urban.  Rural. 
South    Dakota  76,673         607215      131      869 

Nebraska    310852         881362      26*1      73*9 

Kansas  493790      1197*159      29*2      70*8 

Delaware                           97  085         105*237      4s'o      62*0 

Maryland   658*192         637*154      5o!s      49."2 
Dist.  of  Columbia..     331,069    .    100  0 
Virginia    476,529      1,585,083      23.1      76*9 

Rural    49,348,883        53.7        45,197,390        69.5 

West  Virginia  228,242         992,877      18.7      81.3 
North  Carolina  318,474      1,887,813      14.4      85.6 
South  Carolina  224,832      1,290,568      14.8      85.2 

Total  91,972,266      100.0        75,994,575      100.0 

In  1890  the  per  cent  of  urban  population  was 
36.1  and  of  the  rural  63.9;  in  1880  the  urban  was 
29.5   and  the  rural  70.5. 
By  geographic  divisions  the  per  cent  of  urban 
and  rural  population  in  1910  was  as  follows: 
Division.                                    Total.  Urban.  Rural. 
New  England      7.1         12.8          2.2 

Kentucky  555*442      1734*463      24*3      75*7 

Arkansas    202*681      1*371*768      12*9      87*1 

Middle    \tlantic                       ...  21.0         32.2         11.3 

East  North  Central  19.8         22.6          17.5 

Texas   938*104      2*958*438      24*1      75°9 

West  North  Central  12.7           9.1         15.7 

South    Atlantic            13.3           7.3         18.4 

East  South   Central        9.1           3.7         13.9 

West  South  Central                  ..96           46         13.8 

Utah   172934         200417      4fi  i      fit  7 

By  states  the   urban  and  rural   population  in 
1910  was  as  follows  :                                  Per  cent. 
State.                         Urban.        Rural.  Urban.  Rural. 
Maine                    ....      381,443         360,928      51.4      48.6 

Oregon  307060         365*705      45*6      64*4 

California                     1  469*739         907*810      6l's      38*2 

United  States....  42,623,383    48,348,883     40     63/7 
INCREASE    rapTOBANNAND    BUBAL 

Comparing   the   rate   of  growth    in   urban    and 
rural    communities,    it    is    shown    by   the    census 
bureau  that  during  the   period  between  the  cen- 
sus of  1900  and  that  of  1910  the  increase  in  urban 
population  in  continental  United  States  was  11.- 
013,738,    or   34.8   per   cent,    while    the   increase   in 
rural   population  was  4.963.953.    or   11.2   per  cent. 
There  had  been  an  increase  in  urban  population 
in    every    state,    while    in   six    states    there    had 
been    an    actual    decrease    in    rural    population. 
These    states    were:     New    Hampshire.     5.4    per 
cent;    Vermont,  4.2  per  cent;  Ohio,   1.3  per  cent: 
Indiana.  5.1  per  cent  ;  Iowa,  7.2  per  cent  ;   Mis- 
souri,  5.1  per  cent. 

New  Hampshire.....     255,099         175,473      59.2      40.8 
Vermont          168,943         187,013      47.5      52.5 

Massachusetts  3,125,367         241,049      92.8        7.2 
Rhode  Island  524,654           17,956      96.7        3.3 
Connecticut  999,839         114,917      89.7      10.3 

New  York          7185494      1,928120      78.8      21.2 

New  Jersey                 1  907  210         629  957      75  2      24  8 

Pennsylvania  4,630,669      3,034,442      60.4      39.6 
Ohio              2  665  143      2,101  978      55.9      44.1 

Indiana                       .  1  143  835      1  557  041      42  4      57  6 

Illinois     3,476929      2,161,662      61.7      38.3 

Michigan      1327044      1,483129      47.2      52.8 

Wisconsin                     1  004  320      1  329  540      43  0      57  0 

Minnesota                        850  294      1  225  414      41  0      59  0 

Iowa               680054      1544717      306      694 

Missouri   1,398,817      1,894,518      42.5      57.5 

North  Dakota  63,236         513,820      11.0      89.0 

POPULATION    OF 

BY   RECORDER'S   DISTRICTS. 
District.      Population.       District.      Population. 
Aleutian     islands..  1,083    Hot    Springs.  ...„.     372 

ALASKA    (1910). 

District.     Population.       District.     Population. 
Nulato    .          .              785    St  Lawrence  island     293 

Ophir                              564>     St      Michael              2  255 

Otter  1.234    Tanana  '430 

Cape    Nome  3.924    Juneau    6.854 

Port    Clarence  1.001    Unea  peninsula  1.303 

Chandalar  368     Kantishna    68 
Circle    799     Kayak  623 
Cook    Inlet  677     Kenai    1.692 

sound    210    Wrangell  1.652 

Copper   Center  553     Ketchikan    3.520 
Cordova   1.779     Kodiak   2.44S 
Council  City  686     Kougarok    308 

Skagway    1.980        Total,    1900  63,593 
BY   TOWNS. 
Cordova          .     ...  1  152  I  Nome   2,600 

Eagle                               F>4-     Kuskokwim                2  71  1 

Fairbanks         .....7,675    Koyukuk                       455 

Douglas                       1  722    Treadwell    1,222 

Fairhaven                      643     Mount    McKinlev         23° 

Fairbanks        .           3541     Valdez    810 

Fort   Gibbon                 8T8    JVabesna                          103 

Juneau                        1644    Wrangell  743 

Fortymlle   341     Noatak-Kob'uk   2.262 

POPULATION   O 

1910.        1899. 
Territory  of  Porto  Rico                      1  118  012    9r>3  421 

Ketchikan    1,613 

F  PORTO  RICO. 

1910.         1899. 
Caguas  city                    10354       6450 

San  Juan  city                                             48  716      32  048 

Arecibo    city                        ...              9  612       8  008 

Ponce    city        35*097      27*952 

Guavama  city  8321        6334 

Mavaguez  citv                   .                 .          16  591      15  187 

HAWAH    (1910). 

Population. 
Total,   1900  154.001 

POPULATION  OF 

County.                                                      Population. 
Hawaii     5n  382 

Honolulu                                                                         82  028 

Per  cent  increase                           24  < 

Kalawao                                                                              785 

CITIES, 
criifi                                                                                       £  74*; 

Kauai   23952 

Maul  29.762 

Total.  1910...,                                                     ...191.909 

Honolulu      .               52,183 

212 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


POPULATION  OF   THE  WORLD. 

[Based  upon  Statesman's  Year- Book  for  0.919  and  publications  of  the  bureau  of  the  census  ] 
BY  GRAND  DIVISIONS.  Portugal     (1911)...  5  957  PKfi 

Africa  ...138.217.263     w '"    """* 

Asia  '.'.' 820,491,160 

Europe' '.'.'.'.'.'.' 460,074.291 

North  America  144.944,384 

Oceania 65,432,223 

South  America  59.777,029 


Total   1,688,936.350 

AFRICA. 

Abyssinia    (est.   1918) 8,000,000 

British  colonies,  etc.    (1918) 52,261,000 

SSS,^Sa.(1(9i*>m8j:::::::  "if:?!! 
SSaA£SSi,(tSSit.19i19!iy.v-.v.  ii:8~~:iS8 
K^«r.v::::::.v.v:::::::  1:J88:888 
tSSS&SfflKzzz  7iiit:78« 


RouiSania  7f  91  2  >' 


. 

San  Marino    (1916)  ................  l  648 

Serbia    (1914)  ................  .  4615567 

Spain     (1917)  ............  .............  20842903 

Sweden    (1917)  ................  5800847 

Switzerland    (1916)  .........  I!.".  "I  3.937.000 

Turkey     (1914)  .......................  1.891000 

United  kingdom    (1917) 


460.074.291 
•Includes   all   of  former   empire   of  Austria- 


Total    138,217,263 

*  Before  the  war. 

ASIA. 

Afghanistan    (est.  1918)..: 6,380.500 

Bhutan    (1918) 250.000 

British   colonies,    etc.    (1918) 9.305.000 

China    (1914)    320,650,000 

French  colonies    (1913) 17,268.728 

India,    British    (1914) 315,156,000 

Japan    (1917)    77,266.793 

Kiaochow    (1913)     168,900 

Nepal    (1918)    5.600,000 

Oman    (1918)    500,000 

Persia    (1916)    9,500,000 

Portuguese    Asia    (1918) 1,001.153 

Russia  in  Asia    (1915) 29,141.500 

Siam    (1916)    8.819.686 

Turkey  in  Asia    (1912) 19.382,900 


Total    820,491.160 

OCEANIA. 

Australian  Federation    (1917) 4.981.000 

Borneo      and      Sarawak,      British 

(1917)     840,000 

Dutch   East  Indies    (1917) 47.000,000 

Fiji  islands    (1915) 166,000 

Guam    (1916) 14.142 

Hawaii     (1918) 223,000 

New  Caledonia*  (1914) 81.200 

New  Guinea.  Germant  (1913) 634.579 

New   Zealand    (1917) 1,170.000 

Papua  (1914)    200.000 

Philippine  islands   (1918) 9,009.8,02 

Samoa   (1916)    7.5OO 

Solomon  islands*    (1914) 205.000 


Total     65,432,223 

"Including  other  French  dependencies,      tin- 
eluding1    Samoan    And    other    former    German 

islands  in  the  Pacific.     ^Including  Gilbert  and 
Tonga  islands. 

EUROPE. 

Albania    (1914)    1,000,000 

Andorra  (1913)    5.231 

Austria-Hungary*     (1910) 51. 215. 727 

Belgium    (1912)    7,571,387 

Bulgaria    (1914)    5.517,700 

Denmark    (1916)    2^940.979 

France    (1911)    39.602,258 

Germany    (1914)    67.812.000 

Greece    (1914)    4,821,300 

Iceland     (1918) 92,000 

Italy     (1916) 36,546,437 

Luxemburg-  (1910) 259.891 

Monaco    (1913) 22.956 

Montenegro     (1917) 436.789 

Netherlands    (19(17) 6.724.662 

Norway    (1918) 2,632,010 


NORTH  AMERICA. 

Bahamas    (1917)...  60  OOO 

Bermuda     (1917) "      ! 

Canada     (1917) 8361000 

Costa    Rica     (190.7)..  454995 

Cuba    (1916) ....I.":  2627536 

Curacao  (1917) 57619 

French  islands  (1917) 459083 

Greenland    (1911).. ......     .  13459 

Guatemala    (1914) '.'.'.  2,003.579 

Haiti      (1914) 2500000 

Honduras     (1916) ...."  613758 

Honduras.    British    (1917)....  43000 

Jamaica    (1917) 906000 

Leeward  islands   (1917) 128-000 

Mexico    (1912) 15.501.684: 

Newfoundland*    (1917) 257000 

Nicaragua    (1917) 800.000 

Panama     (1917) 401554 

Porto   Rico    (1918) 1.246.361 

Salvador   (1917) 1287722 

Santo  Domingo   (1913) 708'000 

United  Stalest   (1919) 106.287:984 

Virgin  islands  of  U.  S.   (1917)....  26.051 

Windward  islands    (1917) 178:000 

Total     144,944.384 

Including-     Labrador.      t  Including     Alaska 


(1918). 


SOUTH  AMERICA. 


Argentine  Republic  (1D14) ,  7,885,237 

Bolivia    (1915)    2,889,970 

Brazil    (1917) 27.473.579 

Chile    (1917)    ,  3870000 

Colombia  (1912)    5!o71,'l01 

Ecuador    (1915)    .  2000000 

Falkland   islands    (1917) 3.240 

Guiana.    British    (1917) 314000 

Guiana,  French    (1917) 49000 

Guiana,  Dutch    (1918) 92.284 

Paraguay    (1917)    1,000000 

Peru    (190,8)    4,600000 

Trinidad  (1917)    377,000 

Uruguay    (1917)    1,407,000 

Venezuela  (1917) 2.844.618 

Total  59.777,029 

CRUDE  STEEL  PRODUCTION  OF  THB 
UNITED  STATES. 

Calendar  year.      *Tons. 


Calendar  year 

1870. 

1880. 

1890. 

1900. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 


*Tons. 
68,750 
1,247,335 
4.277.071 
10.188.329 
13.859.887 
20.023.947 
23.398.136 
23.362.594 
14.023.247 


1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917... 


•Tons  of  2,240  pounds. 


23.955.021 
26.094.919 
23.676.106 
31.251.303 
31.300.874 
23.513.030 
32,151.036 
42.773,080 
45.060.607 


PRODUCTION    OF    STEEL    RAILS  IN  THE 
UNITED   STATES. 


Tons. 


Year. 
1913.. 

914 3.502.780 

1915 1.945,095 


..3.327.915 
.3.502. 


Year.  Tons. 

1916 2.204.203 

1917 2.854.518 

1918 2.204.203 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


213 


AREA   OF   THE   UNITED    STAT1 

Arranged  according  t 
State.                      Rank.    Gross.       Land.  Water.* 
Texas                                    1        265  896        262  398        3  498 

SS   IN   SQUARE   MILES    (1910). 

o  rank  in  gross  area. 
Accession.          Area.        Accession.          Area. 
Mexican          ces-                    Guam,   1899  2>0 

California    2        158*297        155*652        2,645 

sion.   1848  529.180     Samoa,    1900  77 

Montana   3       146997        146201           796 

Gadsden       pur-                    Panama       canal 

New  Mexico  .              ..4       122  634       1"  503           131 

chase,    1853....      29.670        zone.  1904  436 

Nevada   6       110,690       1091821          869 

Total  cont'l...  3,026.789        1917    140 

Colorado  7       103,948       103,658           290 
Wyoming     .                     8         97  914         97  594          3l/>0 

Alaska.  1867  590.884                                      
Hawaii,   1898....        6.449       Total    outlying   716,657 

Oregon                                9         96*699         95*607        1  092 

Philippines.  1899    115.02S     Grand  total  Unit- 

Utah                                    10         84*990          82*184        2*806 

Porto  Rico.   1899       3.435        ed   States  3.743,446 

Minnesota       ..       ..      11         84*682         80*858        3*824 

Idaho   ....                        12         83  888         83*354          *534 

POPULATION  PER   SQUARE  MILE. 

Kansas                              13         82*158         81*774           384 

South    Dakota  14         77*615         76!s68           747 

Alabama                                   41  7        35  7        29  5        24  6 

Nebraska  15         77,520         76,808           712 

Arizona                                       18          11         08          04 

North  Dakota  16         70,837         70,183           654 

Arkansas  30.0        25.0        21.5        15.3 

Oklahoma    17         70,057         69,414           643 

California  15.3          9.5         7.8         5.5 

Missouri   18         69,420         68,727           693 

Colorado                                     77         52         40         19 

Washington    19         69,127         66,836        2,291 

Connecticut                            231  3      188  5      154  8      129  2 

Georgia  20         59  265         58  725           540 

Delaware                                103  0        94  0        85  7        74  6 

Florida    21         68666         54861        3805 

District  of  Columbia        5517  8    4645  3    3972  3    3062  5 

Michigan    22         57,980         57,480           500 

Florida                                      13  7          96         71         49 

Illinois    23         56,665         56,043           622 

Georgia                                     44  4        37  7        31  3        26  3 

Iowa   24         56147         55586           561 

Idaho                                           39          19         11         04 

Wisconsin    25         56,066         55,256           810 

Illinois                                    100  6        86  1        68.3        55.0 

Arkansas    26         53,335         52,525           810 

Indiana                                     74  9        70  1        61  1        55  1 

North  Carolina  27         52,426         48,740        3,686 

Iowa    ...                     ...     400        40.2        34.4        29.2 

Alabama  28         51998         51279           719 

Kansas                                      20  7        18  0        17  5        12  2 

New  York  29         49,204         47,654        1,550 

Kentucky                                  57  0        53  4        46.3        41.0 

Louisiana  30         48506         45409       3097 

Louisiana                                36  5       30  4       24  6       20  7 

Mississippi    31         46865         46362           503 

Maine                                         24  8        23  2        22  1        21  7 

Pennsylvania  32         45,126         44,832          294 

Maryland                                130  3      119.5      104.9        94.0 

Virginia    33         42,627         40,262        2,365' 

Massachusetts                      418  8      349  0      278  5      221.8 

Tennessee   34         42022        41,687          335 

Michigan                                   48  9        42  1        36  4        28  5 

Ohio    35         41040         40740           300 

Minnesota                                25  7        21  7        16  2         97 

Kentucky  36         40,598         40,181           417 

Mississippi                               38  8        33  5        27.8        24.4 

Indiana  37         36354         36,045           309 

Missouri                                    47  9        45  2        39  0        31.6 

Maine  38         33040         29895        3,145 

Montana                                    26         17         10         03 

South  Carolina  39         30,989         30,495           494 

Nebraska                                15  5       13.9       13-8         6.9 

West    Virginia  40        24,170         24022          148 

Nevada                                      07         04         04         0.6 

Maryland     41         12,327           9941        2,386 

New  Hampshire                    47  7       45  6       41  7       38.4 

Vermont                42          9564          9124          440 

New  Jersey                           337  7      250  7      192  3      150  5 

New   Hampshire  43           9,341           9,031           310 

New  Mexico                            27         16         1.3         1.0 

Massachusetts  44          8,266          8,039          227 

New  York                               191  2      152  5      126  0      106.7 

New    Jersey  45           8,224           7,514           710 

North  Carolina      45  3       38.9       32.2       28.7 

Connecticut    46           4,965           4,820           145 

North   Dakota                         8  2         4.6         2.7         * 

Delaware  47           2,370           1,965           405 

Ohio                        "                  117  0      102  1        90.1        78.5 

Rhode  Island  48           1,248           1,067           180 

Oklahoma                 23.9     tH-4       t3.7         $ 

District  of  Columbia.49              70              60            10 

Oregon  7.0         4.3         3.3         1.8 

Pennsylvania                         171  0      140  6      117  3        95  5 

Total  3,026,789    2,973,890      52,899 
*Does  not  include  water  surface  of  oceans,  the 

Rhode  Island  508.5      401.6      328.8      259.2 
South    Carolina    49.7       44.0       37.7       32.6 

Gulf  of   Mexico  or  the  great  lakes   lying  within 

South  Dakota  .        ..'....      76         5.2         4.6         * 

the  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States. 

Tennessee                               52  4       48.5       42.4       37.0 

Texas      14-8       11.6         8.5         6.1 

AREA   (SQUARE   MILES)   BY  CENSUS  YEARS. 

Utah          4.5          3.4         2.6         1.8 

Vermont                    39  0        37.7        36.4        36.4 

Virginia                                    51  2        46.1        41.1        37.6 

1910  3.026,789        2,973,890        52,899 
1900  3,026,789        2,974,159        52,630 

Washington    17.1         7.8         5.8         1.1 
West   Virginia  60.8        39.9        31.8        25.7 

1890...                             ..    3,026.789        2,973,965        52,824 
1880  3,026.789        2.973,965        52,824 
1870  3,QW,n9        2,973,965        52,824 

Wyoming  1.5         0.9         0.6         0.2 
United  States    30.9       25.6       21.2       16.9 

1850                                      i  2  997  119        2  944  337        52  789 

Alaska    with    a    gross    area    of    690  884    square 

1840                                      .  1  792  223        1  753  588        38  633 

1830.       1,792.223        1,753,588        38,635 

Hawaii    6  449  square  miles,  29.8  per  square  mile. 

1820                1792223        1,753,588        38,635 

and    Porto    Rico,    3,435    square    miles,    325.5    per 

1810  1,720,122        1,685,865        34.257 
J800                                      .      892  135            867  980        24  155 

square   mile. 
NOTE  —  The  density  of  population  is  obtained  bv 

dividing  the  population  of  each  state  and  of  con- 

The  water   area   does   not   include   the   surface 
of  the  oceans,   the  Gulf  of  Mexico  or   the  great 
lakes  lying  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States.                              
INCREASE  IN   AREA   OF  THE   UNITED 
.   STATES. 
Gross  area  in  square  miles. 
Accession.             Area.        Accession.             Area 
Area  in  1790  892.135     Treaty  with 

tinental  United  States  by  its  total  land  area  in 
square  miles  at  each  census. 
•North   Dakota   territorv.   0.9.     tOklahoma   and 
Indian  Territory  combined.    JLess  than  one-tenth. 

POPULATION   PER   SQUARE   MILE. 
Continental  United  States.         persq. 
Tear                        '         Population.  Land  area.  mile. 
1910    '                91,972.266      *2,973.890        30.9 

1900                     75,994,575        2,974.159        25.6 

Florida.    1819....      B8.6SS     Oreson.    1846  286.541 

1890  ..                    62,947,714        2,973,965        21.2 

214 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Persq. 
Year.                           Population.  Land  area.  mile. 
1880  60,155783        2973965        169 

State  and  div.    Acres. 
New  \ork  31 

State  and  div.    Acres. 
Georgia    14.4 

New  Jersey 

1.9 
3.7 

3.3 

5.5 
8.5 
6.4 
13.1 
15.2 

8.6 

24.9 
16.0 
13.4 
77.8 
84.3 
41.? 
31.0 

1870  38  558  371        2  973  965        13  0 

Pennsylvania 

South    Atlantic... 
Kentucky    

14TT 
11.2 
12.2 
15.3 

16.5 

13.7 
21.4 
17.5 
26.8 
43.1 
31.3 
248.8 
163.8 
427.9 
S3.0 
239.5 
356.4 
140.9 
858.4 
208.8 
37.5 
91.0 
41.9 
48.6 
20.7 

I860  31  443  321        2  973  965        10  6 

Middle  Atlantic.. 
Ohio  

1850                                        23  191  876        2  944  337         7  9 

1840                                          17  069  453        1  753  588          9  7 

1S30  12866020        1753588          73 

Alabama   
Mississippi  

1820...                                       9638453        1753588          55 

Indiana    . 

1810                                            7  239  881        1  685  865          4  3 

Illinois    

East  South  Central 

1800  5,308,483           867,980          6.1 

Michigan  

1790  3,929,214            867.980          4.5 
*Net  reduction  of  269  square  miles  of  land  due 
to  drainage  of  lakes  and  swamps  in  Illinois  and 
Indiana   (201  square  miles  of  land),   the   building 
of  the  Roosevelt  and  Laguna  reservoirs  and  the 
overflow   of  the   Colorado  river  into   the    Salton 
sea  in  California  (470  square  miles  of  water  sur- 
face).                                
ACRES   PER   INHABITANT. 
Census        Continental   United  States.    Perinhab- 
year.                        Population.     Acres  land,    itant. 
1910                                   91  972  266        1  903  289  600        20  7 

East  North  Central 
Minnesota  

Louisiana   .  . 
Oklahoma 

Texas    
WestSouthCentral 
Montana    

Missouri 

Idaho  

Wyoming  

Colorado    

Kansas  

New    Mexico  

WestNorthCentral 
Delaware    

28.1 

6.2 

4.9 
0.1 
12.5 
12.6 
14.1 
12.9 

Arizona    
Utah 

1900                                   75*994*575        1*903'461*760        25~0 

1890  62.947.714        1.903.337.600        30.2 

By  States  and  Divisions   (1910). 
State  and  div.     Acres.        State  and  div.     Acres. 
Maine   25.8     Rhode   Island  1.3 

Maryland    
Dist.   of  Columbia, 
virginin  

Washington    

Oregon    

New  Hampshire  13.4    Connecticut   2.8 
Vermont                       16  4                                          

West   Virginia  
North    Carolina  
South   Carolina  

Pacific  

Massachusetts  1.5        New  England  6.1 

Continental  U.S.. 

DWELLINGS   AND    FAMILIES 

In  census  usage  a  "dwelling"  is  any  building 
in  which  one  or  more  persons  reside.  A  mere 
cabin,  or  room  in  a  warehouse,  occupied  by  a 
single  person,  is  a  census  dwelling,  while,  on  the 
other  hand,  an  apartment  house  containing  many 
families  constitutes  only  one  dwelling.  Only  oc- 
cupied dwellings  are  included  in  the  following 
tables.  The  term  "family"  as  used  in  census 
reports  means  a  household  or  group  of  persons, 
whether  related  by  blood  or  not,  who  share  a 
common  abode,  usually  also  sharing  the  same 
table.  If  one  person  lives  alone  he  constitutes  a 
family,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  those  who  dwell 
in  a  hotel  or  institution  in  which  many  people 
live  are  also  treated  as  forming  a  single  family. 
There  is,  however,  no  considerable  difference  be- 
tween the  average  size  of  all  families  under  the 
census  usage  and  the  average  size  of  what  are 
commonly  termed  families  or  households  in  popu- 
lar speech.  In  1900  the  difference  for  the  United 
States  as  a  whole  was  only  0.1  per  cent. 

At  each  census  from  1850  to  1910  a  decrease 
was  shown  in  the  average  number  of  persons  per 
dwelling  and  the  average  number  per  family. 
The  decrease  in  the  average  number  per  dwell- 
ing has  been  due  to  the  decrease  in  the  average 
per  family,  the  influence  of  which  has  been 
partly  offset  by  the  increased  construction  of 
tenements  and  other  dwellings  containing  more 
than  one  family. 

In  1910  there  were  7,254,242  dwellings  and  9,499,- 
765  families  In  urban  communities,  while  there 
were  10,551,603  dwellings  and  10,755,790  families 
in  rural  communities.  For  urban  communities  the 
number  of  persons  to  a  dwelling  averaged  5.9 
and  to  a  family  4.5;  for  rural  communities  the 
number  of  persons  to  a  dwelling  averaged  4.7 
and  to  a  family  4.6. 

BY   STATES. 

Dwell-  *Per-      Fam-    tPer- 
State.  ings.    sons.       ilies.    sons. 

Alabama  441,249      5.0         454,767      4.7 

Arizona 45,386      4.5  47,927      4.3 

Arkansas 327,625      4.8         333,368      4.7 

California  613,481      4.6         663,636      4.2 

Colorado   183,874      4.3         194,467      4.1 

Connecticut  181,911      6.1         246,659      4.5 

Delaware   43,183     4.7          44,951      4.5 

District  of  Columbia       58,513      5.7  71,339      4.6 

Florida    165,818      4.5         171,422      4.4 

Georgia 530,631      4.9         653,264      4.7 

Idaho    71,830      4.5  73,669      4.4 

Illinois   1,006,848      5.6      1,264,717      4.5 


THE    UNITED    STATES    (1910). 

Dwell-  *Per-       Fam-    fPer- 
State.  ings. 

Indiana  631,554 

Iowa    498,943 

Kansas  385,672 

Kentucky   469,669 

Louisiana  331,220 

Maine   159,437 

Maryland  253,805 

Massachusetts    611,926 

Michigan    618,222 

Minnesota    380,809 

Mississippi    376,420 

Missouri    677,196 

Montana   82,811 

Nebraska    258,967 

Nevada    23,044 

New  Hampshire 88,871 

New  Jersey 407,295 

New  Mexico 75.888 

New  York 1,178,686 

North   Carolina 430,570 

North   Dakota 118,757 

Ohio     1,024,800 

Oklahoma  342.488 

Oregon   144,832 

Pennsylvania   1,507,483 

Rhode  Island 79,725 

South   Carolina 302,842 

127,739 


South  Dakota 

Tennessee 444,814 

Texas   779,177 

Utah   72,649 

Vermont   77,466 

Virginia    400,445 

Washington    238,822 

West   Virginia 239,128 

Wisconsin    462,355 

Wyoming    


4.3 

4.5 

4.4 

4.9 

5.0 

4.7 

5.1 

6.6 

4.5 

5.5 

4.8 

4.9 

4.5 

4.6 

3.6 

4.8 

6.2 

4.3 

7.7 

5.1 

4.9 

4.7 

4.8 

4.6 

5.1 

6.8 

5.0 

4.6 

4.9 

5.0 

5.1 

4.6 

5.1 

4.8 

5.1 

5.0 

4.7 


ilies. 

654,891 
512,516 
395,771 
494,788 
344,144 
177,960 
274,824 
734,013 
657,418 
416,452 
384,724 
749,812 


265,549 
23,677 
103,156 
558,202 
78,883 

2,046,845 
440,334 
120,910 

1,138,165 
351.167 
151,858 

1,630,628 
117,976 
315,204 
131,060 
462,553 


77,339 
85,178 
419,452 
254,692 
248,840 
499,629 
32.092 


4.1 

4.3 

4.3 

4.6 

4.8 

4.2 

4.7 

4.6 

4.3 

5.0 

4.7 

4.4 

4.3 

4.5 

3.5 

4.2 

4.5 

4.1 

4.5 

5.0 

4.8 

4.2 

4.7 

4.4 

4.7 

4.6 

4.8 

4.5 

4.7 

4.9 

4.9 

4.2 

4.9 

4.5 

4.9 

4.7 

4.5 


United   States 17,805,842      5.2    20,255,555      4.5 

In   1900 14,430,145      5.3    16,187,715      4.7 

In  1890 11,483,318      5.5    12,690,152      4.9 

*Persons  to  a  dwelling.    fPersons  to  a  family. 
BY   PRINCIPAL   CITIES. 

Dwell-   *Per-      Fam-  |Per- 
City.  ings.     sons.        ilies.    sons. 

Albany,   N.    Y 15,437        6.5         24,069        4.2 

Atlanta,  Ga 30,308       5.1         35,813        4.3 

Baltimore,    Md 101,905        5.5       118,851       4.7 

Birmingham,   Ala 26,989        4.9         31,050        4.3 

Boston,    Mass 73,919        9.1       139,700       4.8 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


215 


Dwell-  *Per-      Fam-  tPer- 
State.                           ing-s.     sons.      ilies.    sons. 
Bridgeport.    Conn  14,934        6.8         21,689        4.7 
Buffalo,    N.   Y  62,335        6.8         91,328        4.6 
Cambridge     Mass             14  577        7.2         22,765        4.6 

Dw 
State.                             in£ 
New  York.  N.   Y  305 
Newark,  N.  J  38 
Oakland,  Cal  31 

ell-  *Per-      Fam-  tPer- 
rs.     sons.      ilies.    sons. 
698      15.6    1,020,827        4.7 
693        9.0          77,039        4.5 
740        4.7          36,723        4.1 
657        5.2          26,359        4.7 
812        7.9         27,978        4.5 
220        5.2        327,263        4.7 
942        6.1        110,457        4.ff 
436        5.5          42,029        4.9 
705        7.8         49,129        4.6 
205        5.7          26,914        4.7 
860        5.6         46,787        4.7 
650        6.5        155,555        4.4 
,616        6.6          41.548        5.2 
025        6.4          86,414        4.8 
,143        5.9          26,312        4.9 
,559        5.4         51,042        4.6 
282     •  5.1          22,676        4.6 
200        5.9          31,551        4.4 
888       4.7         39,677        4.2 
,513        6.7         71,339        4.C 
109        9.7         30,743        4.7 

.    t  Persons  to  a  family. 
,    1910. 

Born  In  —                  No. 
France    .                        402 

Chicago,    111  246,744        8.9        473,141        4.« 
Cincinnati    O                     49  525        7  3         87  541        4.2 

Omaha,    Neb  23 
Paterson,  N.  J  15 

Cleveland     O             ...  90,465        6.2       124,822        4.5 

Philadelphia,  Pa  295 

Columbus     O                      39  580        4.6         42.645        4.3 

Pittsburgh,   Pa  86 

Davton     6.                ....   26,692        4.4         28,370        4.1 

Portland,   Ore  37 
Providence,  R.  I  ..         28 

Denver.'   Col  44,736        4.8         51,339        4.2 
Detroit     Mich  83,124        5.6       100,356        4.6 
Fall  River.    Mass  10.962      10.9         24,378        4.9 
Grand  Rapids,   Mich...  23,432        4.8         26,925        4.2 
Indianapolis,    Ind  53,359        4.3         58,645        4.0 
Jersev  City,  N.  J  27,805        9.6         56,790        4.7 
Los  Angeles.    Cal  69,061        4.6         78,678        4.1 
Louisville.  Ky  41,686        5.4         52,155        4.3 
I  owell     Mass                  .  15,056        7.1         21,932        4.8 

Richmond    Va                   22 

Rochester    NY              38 

St    Louis,   Mo  105 

St    Paul    Minn.                 32 

San  Francisco,  Cal....  65 
Scranton,    Pa  22 

Seattle,    Wash  43 
Spokane,    Wash  20 
Syracuse,   N.   Y  23 
Toledo    0                            35 

Memphis,    Tenn  26,710        4.9         31,154        4.2 
Milwaukee,    Wis  60,724        6.2         80,566        4.R 
Minneapolis,   Minn  ....  46,903        6.4         63,241        4.g 
Nashville.  Tenn  22,118        5.0         26,077        4.2 
New  Haven.  Conn  17,466        7.6         29.271        4.6 
New  Orleans    La  67,192        5.0         73,377        4.6 

Washington,  D.  C..   ..58 
Worcester,   Mass  15 

•Persons  to  a  dwelling 

ALMSHOUSES  JAN.   1 

census  report.] 

Born  in—                   No. 
Russia    431 

PAUPERS    ENUMERATED    IN 

[United  States 
State.                                          Total.  Male.Female 
Alabama                                            .      739         365         374 

Arizona                           .              271         247           24 

Scandinavia     1.891 
Scotland    817 

Germany                     5  531 

Arkansas                                534         284         250 

Ireland                        11  90(> 

California                                  ...   .  4,646      3.952         694 

Switzerland     513 
Other    countries.   .      623 
Admitted  in  1910. 
Austria-Hungary  .  1.666 
Canada  (English)  .  1.837 
Canada  (French).  .      505 
England  and  Wales   2,945 
Of    the     foreign  -born 
almshouses  in  1910  26,470 
States    twenty-six    years 
three  had  been  in  the  co 

PAUPERS  BY  C< 

White—  Total    77,734 
Male     53,149 
Female     24.585 

Italy    ...                      i  139 

Colorado                                     510         434           76 

Poland      .  ..                 979 

Connecticut                               2,244      1,571         673 

Russia                          1  315 

Delaware                         366         227         139 

Scandinavia    1.947 
Scotland                         995 

District  of   Columbia          276         163         113 

Florida    207'       161          46 

Switzerland     430 
Other    countries...  1.755 
paupers    enumerated    In 
had  lived  in  the  United 
or   more.     Only   thirty- 
untry  less  than  one  year. 

)LOR  AND  SEX 
Male  3.763 

Georgia                                                    813         351         462 

Idaho                                                          97           85           12 

Illinois                                                  5  421      4  021      1.400 

Indiana                                                 3  114      2  1'2         992 

Icwa                                                      1  779      1  198         581 

Kansas        735         502         233 

Kentucky   1,522         871         651 

Louisiana        187         112          75 

Maine     945         529         416 

Maryland                                           1  681      1  149         532 

Massachusetts                                    6  555      4  418      2  137 

Female   2.518 

Michigan*  2,970      2,157         813 

Indian   74 

Minnesota    687         550         137 
Mississippi                    436         182         254 

White  Paupers  by  Na 
Native—  Total     ....44,254 

tivitv  and  Parentage. 
Male                           7  512 

Missouri                         2,388      1,533         855 

Montana                            415         383           32 

Nebraska               ..          551         449         102 

Female     2.565 
Par'tage    unknown  1,719 
Foreign    born  -33,125 
Male    24.605 

Tt'omoln                               fi  ^9ft 

Nevada                       159         145           14 

New    Hampshire       991         557         434 

Native    parentage.  32.458 

New  Jersey    2,135      1,407         728 

New    York!  12,031      8,035      3,996 

North   Carolina            1,389         596         793 

Foreign  parentage.  10.077     Nativity    unknown      355 
Paupers  Admitted  to  Almshouses  in  1910. 

Total    88,313  1  Negro  6.807 
Male     67.195         Male    4.612 

North    Dakota                        81           59           22 

Ohio                                        8,078      5,638      2.440 

Oklahoma     48          39            9 
Oregon   352         328           24 
Pennsvlvania                                      9  606      6  623      2  983 

Rhode  Island  768         401         367 
South    Carolina  478         219         259 
South    Dakota                     145         109           36 

Female     21.118 
White    81,185 
Male    62,262, 
Female    18.873 

DEFECTIVE    PAUPEI 

Enumerated  Jan.  1  ,1910 
Total   number    53.619 
Male     34.650 

Female     2.195 
Indian    130 
Other    colored  241 

IS   IN    ALMSHOUSES. 
Admitted  in  1910. 
Total    number  32,519 
Male     24.098 

Tennessee                                       ••  1,569         776         793 

Texas                                   861         560         301 

Utah                         ..            181         121           60 

Vermont                                     383         222         161 

Virginia                                       ••   •  1,688         883         805 

Washington                        564         493           71 

West     Virginia  808         462         346 

Wisconsin    1,775      1,343         432 
Wvoming         19           17 

Female     18.9P9 

Female     8.421 
Insane    1,681 

United   States  84,198    57.049    27.149 

Feeble-minded     ...  9.813 
Epileptic     1,289 

Feeble-minded     ...  3,601 

FOREIGN-BORN  PAUPERS  IN   ALMSHOUSES. 
EnumeratedJan.1,1910        Born  in—                 No. 

Deaf    mute  540 
Blind     2.427 

Epileptic     646 
Deaf   mute  : 

Crippled    10.823 
Old   and   infirm..  ..14.066 
Bedridden          1.591 

Crippled     9.033 
Old    and   infirm  ...  9.772 
Bedridden     4.960 
Two    or    more    de- 

faota                               ..    1.839 

Canada'  (English)..  1.300    Ireland   14,177 
Canada  (French)...      528     Italy    - 

Paralytic    3.402 
Two    or    more    de- 

England  and  Wales   2.922     Poland    613  i      lee-is    «.°*. 

-216 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


AGE   OF   PAUPEB 
Enumerated  Jan.  1,  1910. 
Under    5    years.     .  1.186     50  to  54  years  7.113 
5    to    14    years..     .  1.184     55   to  59   years  8.312 
15   to  24  years..        2.514     60   to  64  years  10.089 
25  to  29  years..        2,058     65   to  69  years  10.357 
30   to  34   years..        2.396     70  to  74  years  9.743 
35   to  39   years..        3.337     75   to  79   years  7.720 
40  to  44  years..        4.203     80  or  more  years..  8.123 
-45   to  49  years..        5.188     Age    unknown  675 

ILLITERACY  IN  THE  1 

The   following   statistics,    except   where   other- 
wise specified,  relate  only  to  persons  10  years  of 
age  or  over.     The  bureau  of  the  census  classifies 
as  illiterate  all  persons  10  years  of  age  or  over 
who    are    unable    to    write,    regardless    of    their 
-ability  to  read. 
PERCENTAGE   OP  ILLITERACY. 
The  following  table  shows  the  total  population 
10  years   of   age   and   over   and   the   number   and 
percentage  of  illiterate  by  color  or  race,  nativity 
and  parentage: 
Class.                        Population.    Illiterate.      Pet. 
TVhite                               ...63,933.870        3,184,633         5.0 

S   IN    ALMSHOUSES. 
Admitted  in  1910. 
Under    5    years  3.459     SO  to  54  years  7.953 
5    to    14    years  2.651     55   to  59  years  7.691 
15  to  24   years  7.350     60  to  64  years  8.484 
25  to  29  years  4,835     65  to  69  years  7.44« 

35   to  39  years  5,656     75   to  79  years  3,986 
40   to  44  years  5.883     80  years  or  more..  3.365 
45   to  49  years  6.579     Age    unknown  1.923 

JNITED  STATES    (1910). 

ILLITERATES   BY   STATES. 

,  1910.  „  1900.  x 
State.                          Number.    Pet.    Number.    Pet. 
\labama                             352  710      22  9       443  590      34  0 

Arizona   32,953      20.9         27,304      29.0 

Arkansas                            142  954      12  6       190  655      20  4 

California    74,902        3.7         58,959        4.8 

Colorado   23780        37         17779        42 

Connecticut     53,665        6.0         42,973        5.9 
Delaware   13.240       8.1         17,531      12.0 
District  of  Columbia      13,812        4.9         20.028        8.6 
Florida               .  .                 77  816      13  8         84  '85      21  9 

Georgia    389  775      20  7       480  420      30  5 

Idaho                                      5  453        22           5  505        4u6 

Native     .                     ...50,989,341        1,534,272         3.0 
Native  parentage....  37,  081,278        1,378,884          3.7 
Foreign  or  mixed  par- 
entage      13,908,063           155.388          1.1 

Illinois                                  168  294        3  7        157  958        4  2 

Indiana       66213        31         90539        46 

Iowa             .      29889        17         40172        23 

Foreign  born  12,944,529        1,650,361        12.7 

Hegro     7,317,922        2,227,731        30.4 

Indian    188,758             85,445        45.3 

-Chinese                                       68  924             10,891        15.8 

Maryland    73,397        7.2       101,947      11.1 

Japanese    ..                              67,661              6,213         9.2 

All  other  3,135               1,250        39.9 

Michigan    74,800        3.3         80,482        4.2 

United  States  71,580,270       5,516,163         7.7 

Minnesota    49,336        3.0         52,946        4.1 
Mississippi                        290  235      22  4       *51  461      32  0 

The  corresponding  percentages  of  illiterates  at 
three    previous    censuses    were:    1880,    17.0;    1890, 
13.3;  1900,  10.7.               
ILLITERACY  BY  SEX. 
f  Male.  x  ,  Female.  N 
Class.                     Illiterate.    Pet.    Illiterate.    Pet. 
White     1,662,505        5.0      1,522,128        4.9 

Missouri    111,116        4.3       152.844        6.4 
Montana            14457        48         11  C75        61 

Nebraska         .          .          18  009        19         17  997        23 

Nevada  4,702        6.7           4,645      13.3 
New   Hampshire  16,386        4.6         21.075        6.2 
New  Jersey  113,502        5.6         86.658        5.9 
New    Mexico  48,697      20.2         46,971      33.2 

Native    796.055        3.1         738,217        2.9 
Native  parentage  715,926        3.8         662,958        3.7 
Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage  80,129        1.2           75,259        1.1 
Foreign  born  866,450      11.8         783.911      13.3 
Negro                              I  096  000      30  1      1  131  731      30  7 

North  Carolina  291,497      18.5       386,251      28.7 
North,  Dakota  13,070        3.1         12.719        5.6 
Ohio                                       124  774        3  2        131  541        4  0 

Oklahoma  67,567        5.6         67,826      12.1 
Oregon   10,504        1.9         10,686        3.3 

Indian    40,104      41.5            45,341      49.2 
Chinese                       ..        9  849      15  0            1  042      30  2 

Pennsylvania    354,290        5.9       299,376        6.1 
Rhode  Island  33,854        7.7         29,004        8.4 
South    Carolina  276,980      25.7       338,659      35.9 
South    Dakota  12,750        2.9         14,832        5.0 
Tennessee    ?21.071      13.6       306,930      20.7 
Texas              .  .              .     282  904        9  9       314  018      14  5 

Japanese  5,247        8.6                966      14.1 

All  other  1  245      40  5                   5 

United     States....  2,814,950       7.6      2,701,213       7.8 

URBAN  AND  RURAL  ILLITERACY. 
(Per  Cent.) 
Class.                                    Total.     Urban.    Rural. 
"White                       »                         50             42             58 

Utah    6,821        2.5           6.141        3.1 

Vermont           10806        37         16247        58 

Virginia   232,911      15.2       312,120      22.9 
Washington  18.416        2.0         12,740        3.1 
West  Virginia  74,866        8.3         80.103      11.4 
Wisconsin                            57  769        32         73  779        4  7 

Native  30             0.8             4.8 

Wyoming                               3  874        33           2  878        40 

Native  parentage.                   37             09             54 

United     States  5,516,163       7.7    6,180,069      10.7 

ILLITERATES  BY  CITIES. 
Cities  of   100.000   or   more   population  In   1910. 
,  1910.  ^  1900.  x 
City.                           Number.    Pet.    Number.    Pet. 
Albany,  N    Y  2,762        32           2181        2.8 

For.  or  mixed  parentage..   1.1             0.7             1.9 
Foreign    born                         •  12  7           12  6           13  2 

Negro  .,...304            176            36.1 

All  other  316           110           401 

PERCENTAGE    ILLITERATES    BY    SECTIONS. 
Section.                                                           1910.      1900. 
New  England                                                    53         60 

Atlanta     Ga     ..                 10  813        86         11  406      15  8 

Middle   Atlantic  5.7          5.8 
East  North  Central  3.4         4.3 
West  North  Central  ...                                  29          41 

Baltimore,   Md  20,325        4.4         29.148        7.2 
Birmingham.    Ala....      11,026      10.4           5.986      19.1 
Boston,   Mass  24,468        4.4         23.320        54 
Bridgeport,  Conn  4,440        5.4           2.999        5.3 
Buffalo.    N.    Y  12,745        3.7          13,152        4.8 
Cambridge.   Mass  2.540        3.0           3,388        4.6 
Chicago    111      ..     ..          79911        45         51142        39 

South  Atlantic  .                                                16  0        23  9 

Fast  South  Central                                         17  4        24  9 

West  South  Central  13.2        20.5 
Mountain      69         96 

Pacific                         ...                                      30         42 

Cincinnati,  0  9,576        3.1           8,848        3.4 
Cleveland,    0  20.676        4.6         14,091        4.7 
Columbus.    0  4.442        2.9           3.290        3.2 
Davton,   0  2,224        2.3           1,797        2.6 
Denver    Col         ....          3841        2.1           1979        IS 

Northern    states                                                  43          50 

Southern    states  ;-.6        23.3 
"Western  sta  tes  44          63 

United  States...                                      ..  7.7       10.7 

Detroit.   Mich....               18.731        5.0           9.062        4.1 

ALMAJXAU  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


217 


,  1910.  „  1900.  , 
State.                        Number.    Pet.    Number.    Pet. 
Fall  River.   Mass....      12,276      13.2         12,110      14.9 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich         2,271       2.5          2,136       3.1 
Indianapolis,   Ind..            6,874        3.0           6,004       4.3 
Jersey  Citv,  N.  J.           11,797       5.6          7,171       4.5 
Kansas  City,  Mo..             4,937        2.3           6,258       3.9 
Los  Angeles,  Cal..             6,258        1.9           1,956        2.3 
Louisville,    Ky....             9,866        5.3         14,567        8.8 
Lowell,   Mass  5,172        6.0           6,843        8.8 
Memphis,   Tenn...             8,855       8.0        14,989      18.3 
Milwaukee,  Wis...           10,765        3.6           8,243        3.8 
Minneapolis,   Minn            6,139       2.4          2.977       1.8 
Nashville,  Tenn...             7,947        8.8           9,460      14.4 
New  Haven.  Conn.            7,502       7.0          4,875       5.6 
New  Orleans.  La.  .           18,987       6.9         30,820      13.6 
New  York,   N.  Y..          254,208        6.7       181,835        6.8 
Newark,   N.  J  16.553        6.0         11,715        6.1 
Oakland    Cal  .                    3,863        3.0          1,614        2.9  1 

,  is 
City.                          Numb 
Patergon,  N.  J..  ....       6,J 
Philadelphia,  Pa  57, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa  26 

10.  ^  1900.  , 
er.    Pet.    Number.    Pet. 
27       6.9          5,191       6.3 
TOO        4.6         45,546        4.4 
327        6.2         20,402        6.8 
145        1.2           3,925        5.1 
J36       7.7         10.029        7.9 
341        8.2           9.501      13.7 
>16        3.8           3,499        2.7 
123        3.7         20,359        4.4 
£1        2.1           3,956        3.1 
597        2.1           8,960        3.1 
33        8.9           6,814        8.8 
217       1.1              901        1.3 
123       1.3              554        l.g 
S29        4.9           2,800        2.2 
809        2.8           3,865        3.7 
812        4.9         20,028        8.6 
977        6.0           4,580        4.9 

Portland.  Ore  2 

Providence,   R.  1  14,! 

Richmond    Va                    8 

Rochester,   N.   Y  6J< 

St.  Paul,  Minn  3' 

San  Francisco,  Cal..       7, 
Scranton    Pa                      8 

Seattle,    Wash.                  2* 

Spokane    Wash                  i 

Svracuse    NY                  5* 

Toledo    0  3* 

Washington,  D.  C....      13, 
Worcester,  Mass  5, 

Omaha   *Neb  2,798       2.7          1,662       2.0  1 

INSANE    ENUMERATED    IN 

[From  United   Sta1 
State.                                          Total.  Male.  Female 
Alabama   .                                    *.     2  039         981      1,058 

HOSPITALS    JAN.  1.  1910. 

es  census  report.] 
Total.    Male.Female. 

Arizona                                                    337         265           72 

Jther  colored  491        4*2          £ 

Arkansas                                              1  092         529         563 

Insane  Admitted  to  Hospitals  in  1910. 

California    .                                   .     6,652      4,115      2.537 

Colorado    1,199        687        512 

Connecticut    3,579      1,680      1,899 

Jsatlve    39629    22190    1743ft 

Delaware     441         237         204 

District  of  Columbia  2,890      2,170         720 
Florida  849         446         403 
Georgia   3,132      1,531      1,601 
Idaho    388         256         132 

Foreign   parentage  10,685      5996      4689 
Foreignr-born    15.523      8,838      6685 
Nativity    unknown  i,030         618       *412 
Negro    4.384      9.  sru      <>  nsn 

Illinois    12,839      6,846      5,993 
Indiana   4,527      2,235      2,292 
Iowa    ..                                   5.377      2,896      2.481 
Kansas    2,912      1,694      1,218 

Indian  
Other    colored  

FOREIGN-BORN   IN^SA 
Enumerated  J 
Born  in  —         Number. 
Austria-Hungary...  3.477 
Canada    (English).  2,777 
Canada     (French).      972 
England  and  Wales  3  706 

51           32        '  1» 
152         134           18 

NE    IN    HOSPITALS. 
an.  1,  1910. 
Born  in—         Number. 
Italy    1.829. 
Poland   i.3i2 
Russia    3,121 
Scandinavia                6  442 

Kentucky     3.538      1,968      1,570 

Louisiana        2,158      1,070      1,088 

Maine   1,258         693         565 
Marvland    3.220      1,569      1,651 
Massachusetts     11,601      5,633      5.968 
Michigan    6,699      3,679      3.020 

Minnesota    4,744      2,7o5      1.989 
Mississippi    1,978         933      1,045 
Missouri    6,168      3,231      2,937 
Montana   697        531         166 
Nebraska                  ..          1,990      1,141         849 

France    614 

Ireland  13.174 
Admitted 
Born  in  —          Number. 
Austria-Hungary...  1.402 
Canada  (English)..  1.030 
Canada  (French)...      266 

Scotland    's49- 
Switzerland     752. 

f^ftir"™*8-  1>554 
Born  In—         Number. 
Italy    86? 

Russia    1.518 

Nevada    230         165          65 
New    Hampshire  909         463         446 
New  Jersey   6,042      2,913     '3,129 
New   Mexico  219         128          91 

New    York  31.280    14,955    16,325 
North     Carolina  2,522      1,032      1.490 
North    Dakota  628         407         221 
Ohio                                  10,594      5,615      4,979 

France    -  146 
Ireland  2.833 

INSANE   IN   HOSP 
Enumerated  Jan.   1, 
1910. 
Under  15   years....      341 
15   to  19  years  2.312 
20  to  24  years  7.801 
25   to  29  years  11,083 

Scotland    297 
Switzerland  19t> 
Other    countries...     70? 

ITALS  BY  AGES. 
65  years  or  more..  6,161 

Oklahoma                        1.110         651         459 

Oregon                                     1565      1,088         477 

Pennsylvania     15.058      7,919      7,139 

Rhode   Island  1,243         650         593 
South     Cirolina                                1  541         708         833 

When  First  Admitted.* 
Under  15  years     ..  1.079 
15   to  19  years.     ..  8,102 
20  to  24  years.     ..21.432 
25  to  29  years.     ..27.195 
30   to  34  years.     ..26.  655 
35  to  39  years.     ..24.225- 
40  to   44  vears.     .  .18.764 
45  to  49  years.     ..14,784 
50  to  54  years.     ..11,167 
55  to  59  vears.     ..  6.922 
60   to  64  years.     ..  5.239 
65  years  or  more..  8.316 
Age  unknown  13  911 
*Age    of    insane    enu- 
merated     in      hospitals 
Jan.   1.   1910,   when  first 
admitted   to  any  hospi- 
tal. 
Residence  Prior  to 
Admission. 
In  places  having  a  pop- 
ulation  of— 
Less  than  2,500..  20,442 
2,500    to      10,000..  5.942" 

South    Dikota                                       864         535         329 

Tennessee             2.204      1,057      1,147 

Texas   4,053      2,087      1,966 

Vermont                                  990         528         462 

35  to  39  years  22.856 
40  to  44  years  23.321 
45    to  49  years  22.874 
50  to  54  years  20,885 
55   to  59  years  16.383 
60  to  64  years  12.729 
65  years  or  more..  21.  881 
Age  unknown  3.234 
Admitted  in  1910. 
Under  15  years....      327 
15   to  19  years.   ...  2.539 
20  to  24  years.  ...  5.701 
25   to  29   vears.   ...  7.027 
30  to  34  years.   ...  7.295 
35   to  39  years.   ...  7.495 
40    to  44   years  6.469 
45   to  49  years  5.681 
50  to  54  years  4.877 
55   to  59  years  3.368 
60  to   64  years  2,872 

Virginia                                    3635      1,779      1,856 

Washington                      1987      1,325         662 

West   Virginia                              .     1  722         900         822 

Wisconsin                                       •     6  587      3  743      2  844 

Wyoming    162         105          57 

United   States  187,791    98,695    89.096 

INSANE  BY  RACE,    NATIVITY  AND  SEX. 
Enumerated  in  Hospitals,  Jan.  1,  1910. 
Tnt-il.     Malo.Femnlp 
White                                                ••  174,224     91.617     82,607 

Native                                         ..115  402    60,644    54,758 

Native    parentage                        67  531    35  238    32  293 

Foreign    parentage  28.186    15,415    12,771 
Foreign-born      54.096    28,415    25.681 

Neero    ..                                   12.910      6,536      6.374 

218 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


10.000    to      25,000.     4,239 
25,000    to      50,000.     3.515 
50,000    to    100,000.     3,228 
100,000    to    500.000.     7.901 
500,000  or  more...  11,829 
•w 

INSANE    BY   MAR 

Enumerated 

NOTE—  These  figures  re- 
fer   to    residence    prior 
to   admission   of   insane 
In  hospitals  enumerated 
Jan.   1.   1910. 

[TAL   CONDITION. 
Jan.  1,  1910. 
female—  Total   89.096 
Single    37.115 
Married                   35  97") 

FEEBLE   MINDED 

[From  United 
State. 
California    

IN   INSTITUT 
1910. 
States  census 
Total. 

854 

[ONS  JAN 

report.] 
Male.Feu 
470 
39 
156 
718 
518 
619 
237 
167 
49 
151 
879 
518 
628 
233 
30 
235 
70 
296 
1,685 
79 
810 
1,598 
48 
25 
9 
45 
29 
116 
468 

.   1. 

lale. 
384 
25 
138 
547 
617 
570 
183 

•S 

159 
585 
468 
566 
279 
21 
211 
74 
344 
1.736 
66 
716 
1,107 

"-22 
10 

'"si 

98 
561 

9,716 
9,592 
118 
6 

1  S98 

Colorado    

64 

Connecticut  .. 

294 

Illinois 

1  265 

Indiana 

1  135 

Iowa    .... 

1  189 

Kansas  

420 

Male  —  Total    98.69o 
Single   62.683 

Kentucky   
Maine   

283 
62 

Widowed     5.405 
Divorced    1.040 
Unknown    3,520 

Widowed   12.f>72 
Divorced    1.368 
Unknown    1,966 

Maryland    
Massachusetts    
Michigan  

....       310 
1,464 
986 

INSANE  BY 

Insane   at  least  10   year 
hospitals.  J 

Literate—  Total  ..142.315 
Male                        75,642 

•MB 

LITERACY. 

s  of  age  enumerated   in 
an.  1.   1910. 

Native—  Literate..  94,896 
Illiterate   16,669 
Foreign—  *Literate  40,452 
Illiterate     10.224 
*  Foreign-born. 

)  DEATHS  IN  1910. 

Died. 
White—  Total     ....16.868 
Male    9  939 

Missouri    .  . 

1,194 
512 

Montana 

51 

Nebraska      .. 

446 

New  Hampshire 

144 

New   Jersey 

640 

New    York... 

3  421 

North    Dakota  

145 

Female    66.673 
Illiterate—  Total..   35.959 
Male     17.896 

Pennsylvania   ... 

1.526 
2  705 

Rhode  Island  
Tennessee    

48 
47 

Female     18.063 

DISCHARGES  ANI 

Discharged. 
White—  Total    27.614 
Male                15.261 

Texas    
Utah    

19 

45 

Virginia             .   . 

60 

West  Virginia  

214 

Wisconsin 

1  029 

United  States... 

20,731 

11,015 
10,849 
162 
4 
2.227 

Female   12,353 
Colored—  Total  ....  1.690 
Male                             932 

Female                      6  999 

White 

20  441 

Colored—  Total     ...  2|o56 
Male                          l  106 

Negro 

280 

Other  colored  .  . 

10 

Female     .              ,      758 

Female  ..             ,    '950 

Admitted   in   1910... 

..  3.825 

BLIND    POPULATION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES     (1910). 


*Per 
State.                   Number.  100,000 
Alabama                      •  1,572       73.5 

*Per 

State.                   Number.  100,000 
Minnesota                          881       42.4 

•Per 
State.                   Number.  100,000 
Texas                               2  439        69  6 

Arizona           196       95.9 

Mississippi   1,338       74.5 

Utah     ...     .                    'l88        50  4 

Arkansas                .     •  1,201       76.3 

Missouri     .                      2  442        74.1 

Vermont                            301       84  6 

California     1,329       55.9 

Montana     168       44.7 

Virginia     1  649       80  0 

Colorado                     ..      378       47.3 

Nebraska    464       38.9 

Washington                      439       38  4 

Connecticut                       553       49.6 

Nevada                                97      118.5 

West     Virginia               797       65  1 

Delaware    131       64.7 
District  of  Columbia     223       67.4 

New   Hampshire  291       67.6 
New     Jersey  1,127       44.4 

Wisconsin     1,321       56.6 
Wyoming    ....             48       32  9 

Florida                                402        53.4 

New    Mexico  554      169.3 

Georgia                           1  701       65.2 

New    York             .        4  692       51.5 

United  States          57  °72       69  3 

Idaho                         .         158       48.5 

North    Carolina  1,563       70.8 

Illinois              2,975       52.8 

North    Dakota  167       28.9 

*Per   100  000    of    general    popu- 

Indiana                       .  2  121       78.5 

Ohio     3,;40        78.5 

lation 

Iowa                                  1  388        62.4 

Oklahoma       .  .       .  .      874       52.7 

Kansas                             1  069        63.2 

Oregon    297       44.1 

Kentucky       2.153       94.0 

Pennsylvania     4,182        54.6 

race  and  nativitv  in  1900*    White 

Louisiana     .               .  1,107       66.8 

Rhode    Island  314       57.9 

58.2*    native    white     55*    foreign 

Maine         585       78.8 

South    Carolina  1,011        66.7 

born    white.    74.5;    colored.    94.6; 

Maryland    .                .      802       61.9 

South     Dakota  268       45.9 

negro,  90;  Indian    302.6*  Chinese 

Massachusetts               2  016       60.8 

Tennessee     1956       89.5 

Japanese,    etc.     23  ° 

Michigan                        1  574       56.0 

Some  of  the  foreign   countries 

BLIND  IN  OTHER  COUNTRIES. 
Egypt    (1907)                   .   ..    1,3°5  "• 

Hungary     (1900)                        100  6 

in    which    the    number   of   blind 

Uganda    (1911)  317.7 

Ireland     (1911)                          .     98  ' 

per    100  000    of    general    popula- 

Number  of  blind   in   the   lead- 

Italy   (1901)  117.5 

tion  is  high  are: 
Bahamas     (1901)  251.2 

ing     countries     of     Europe     per 
100000    of   general    population: 

Netherlands    (1909)  46.3 
Norway    (1910)  92.6 

Danish    Antilles    (1901)           278  4 

Austria     (1910)        69.4 

Portugal    (1911)                           132  8 

Jamaica      (1911)   209.3 

Belgium     (1910)  43.5 

Roumanla     (1899)  83.4 

St      Lucia     (1901)                      244  6 

Bulgaria    (1905)                  132.4 

Russia     (1R97)                              201  6 

Cyprus     (1901)  730.3 

Denmark     (1911)  52.7 

Scotland    (1911)  69.7 

Malta     and     Oozo                     201  2 

England-  Wnles     (1911)  73.0 

Serbia     (190ft)     .          94.1 

Russia   (European     1897)         201  6 

Finland   (1900)                            119.0 

Sweden     (1900)                               66  4 

Formosa     (190^)    '                    515  7 

France     (1901)                         .    70  6 

Switzerland   (1896)                       72  2 

Philippines     (1903)  226.3 

Germany     (1900)  60.9 

State. 

Alabama      ....................  317 

Arizona     ......................  16 

Arkansas    .....................  336 

California     ..................  299 


DEAF    AND    DUMB    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES     (1910). 

[From  census  bureau  report,  1915.] 
Total.      Male.Female. 
172          145 
10  6 


168 
161 


State.                                     Total.  Male.Female. 

Colorado     109  68            41 

Connecticut    181  102            79 

Delaware     19  10              9 

District    of    Columbia 56  31            25 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


219 


State.  Total.      Male.Female. 

Florida     86  48  38 

Georgia     348  185  163 

Idaho     41  22  19 

Illinois    1,310  720  590 

Indiana     634  351  283 

Iowa     436  249  187 

Kansas     470  264  206 

Kentucky    664  350  314 

Louisiana     254  143  111 

Maine    166  95  71 

Maryland     388  209  179 

Massachusetts     566  306  260 

Michigan     660  358  302 

Minnesota     499  273  226 

Mississippi     296  167  129 

Missouri 872  478  394 

Montana     48  25  23 

Nebraska     280  155  125 

Nevada     7  4  3 

New     Hampshire 99  53  46 

New   Jersey 324  188  136 

New    Mexico 59  36  23 

New     York.. 2,348  1,346  1,002 

N«rth     Carolina 504  278  226 

Nerth     Dakota 101  54  47 

Ohio     1,154  601  553 


State.  Total. 

Oklahoma    304 

Oregon    130 

Pennsylvania     1,461 

Rhode    Island _113 

South    Carolina 245 

South   Dakota 109 

Tennessee    588 

Texas        719 

Utah    58 

Vermont    62 

Virginia     376 

Washington    '152 

West    Virginia 304 

Wisconsin     572 

Wyoming    14 


Male.Female. 
166  138 
66  64 

795 
58 
129 


315 

372 

31 

40 

205 

87 

162 

332 

7 


666 
55 

116 
50 

273 

347 
27 
22 

171 
65 

142 

240 
7 


United  States   19,154       10,504       8,650 

Of  the  deaf  and  dumb  population  18,017  were 
white  and  1,137  colored.  Of  the  white  16,179  were 
native  born  and  1,838  foreign  born. 

NOTE — The  total  number  of  deaf  and  dumb 
reported  in  1910  was  44,708,  but  satisfactory 
schedules  giving  details  were  returned  by  only 
19,154.  The  figures  relate  only  to  those  who  are 
both  deaf  and  dumb. 


PRISONERS    IN    THE     UNITED    STATES. 

Enumerated  Jan.  1,  1910.     [From  report  of  United  States  census  bureau.] 
Total. 

Alabama     3  858 

Arizona '$92 

Arkansas    1  351 

California    4',900 

Colorado    1,662 

Connecticut     2218 

Delaware    .  '391 

District    of    Columbia 1,196 

Florida    \  934 

Georgia   5,078 

Idaho    287 

Illinois     7025 

Indiana    3,969 

Iowa    1,920 

Kansas  1.971 

Kentucky     3,564 

Louisiana     2,514 

Maine     1,073 

Maryland    3.328 

Massachusetts    8,212 

Michigan    3,747 

Minnesota    2.005 

Mississippi    2,283 

Montana   1,050 

Nebraska    789 

Nevada    289 

New   Hampshire   707 

New  Jersey    3,837 

New   Mexico 425 

New    York 16,082 

North     Carolina 1,420 

North    Dakota 419 

Ohio    5,979 

Oklahoma     1,668 

Oregon    737 

Pennsylvania   10,313 

Rhode  Island   1,088 

South   CaroMna 1,691 

South    Dakota 382 

Tennessee    2,713 

Texas   4,412 

Utah    692 

Vermont    568 

Virginia    3.619 

Washington    1,884 

West    Virginia 1,816 

Wisconsin    2,281 

Wyoming    287 

United  States  prisons 1,904 

United   States 136,472 

NOTE — Prisoners  in  above  table  in 
delinquents. 

JUVENILE  DELINQUENTS. 
Total    24.974  i  White 

Male  19.062     NPTO 

Female  5,912  I  Otner  colored 


3,674         184 
682           10 
1,308           53 
4,740         160 
1,513         149 
1,844         374 
344           47 
1,014          182 
1,850            84 
4,854         224 
286             1 
6,173          852 
3,465          504 
1,687         233 
1,725          246 
3,299          265 
2,401          113 
878          195 
2,946          382 
7,193      1,019 
3,308          439 
1,858          147 
2.194           89 
1,032           18 
720           69 
285             4 
612           95 
3,444          393 
415            10 
14,254      1,828 
1,331            89 
410             9 
5,190         789 
1,630            38 
729             8 
9,315          99* 
962         126 
1,613           78 
343            39 
2,581         132 
4,312          100 
682            10 
499           69 
3,385          234 
1,796            88 
1,689          127 
1.982         299 
286             1 
1,904     

124,424    12.048' 
elude  juvenile 

TS. 
21.044 
3,855 
>red  75 

White. 
Total                            93  841 

Male    1S.450 
Female  1,520 

Male    85,218 
Female     8.623 
Native—  Total  .  ...71.841 
Male                         64  807 

Nativity  unknown.  1,030 
Negro. 
Total                           41  729 

Male                         38  346 

Female        7  034 

Female   3,383 

Foreign—  Total    ...  20,  970 
PRISONERS  CLASS 
Grave    homicide...  6,904 
Lesser  homicide...  7,412 
Major    assaults  7,172 
Minor    assaults  2,870 
Robbery        .               4  937 

Other  colored  902 

[FIED  BY  CRIMES. 
Larceny   27,817 

Fraud                           1  518 

Drunk,    disorderly.  13,  914 

Burglary   18.307 
NOTE  —  Prisoners    inclm 
only  principal  offenses  a 

PRISONERS    COM 
Total                          493  934 

ie    juvenile    delinquents: 
re  given. 

MITTED    IN    1909. 
White    381.498 
Colored   112,436 

PAROLED    IN    1909. 
White    365.010 

Male                       445  431 

Female   48.503 
DISCHARGED    OR 
Total    468.277 
Male                         422  258 

Colored                     103  "67 

Female          46019 

E  UNITED   STATES. 

1908                              100 

LYNCHINGS  IN  TH] 

1895                              171 

1896     .                    ...131 

1909...                      ..   87 

1897                              106 

1910...                        .   74 

1898                              127 

1911                                71 

1899...                    ...107 

1912  64 
1913     ...                .48 

1900                              115 

1901  135 
1902  96 

1914...                     ..    59 

1915...                      ..   69 

1903                       .       104 

1916                                55 

1904...                      ..   87 

1917...                     ..    38 

1905            66 

1918  67 

1906                                60 

190.9   (6  mos.)  15 

1907          v                      63 

According-  to  a  report  made  by  the  National 
Association    for    the    Advancement    of    Colored 
People,    in    the    thirty  -year   period    from    1889 
throug-h    1918    the   north    had    219    lynchingrs. 
the  south  2.834,  the  west  156  and  Alaska  and 
other  localities  15.     Georgia  led  the  list  with 
386    victims,    followed    closely    by    Mississippi 
with    373,    Texas    with    335.    Louisiana    with 
313.    Alabama   with   276,   Arkansas   with   214. 
Tennessee    with    196,    Florida    with    178    and 
Kentucky  with  169. 

220 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


PLACES   W] 
New  York    NY           .5 

POPULATION    OF    AMERICAN 

TH   MORE   THAN    100.000    INH 
•1917.            1910.            1900. 
,737,492    4.766,883   3.437,202   1, 

CITIES. 

ABITANTS    IN   1910. 
1890.              1880.         1870. 
515.301    1.206,299   942.292 
838.547       599.495   419,921 
099.850       503.298   298,977 
046.964       847.170    674,022 
451,770       350,518   310.864 
448,477       362.839   250.526  ' 
261,353       160.146      92,829 
434,439       332.313   267,354 
343,904       156.389      86.076 
205.876       116,340      79,577 
255.664       155.134   117,714 
298,997       233.959   149.473 
204,468       115.587      71.440 
296,908       255.139   216.239 
181.830       136.508    105.059 
242.039       216.090   191.418 
230.392       147.293   109,199 
50.395          11.183        5.728 
164.738         46.887      13.066 
163.003       120,722     -82,546 
132,716          55,785      32,260 
42.837            3.533        1.107 
105.436          75.056      48.244 
132.146       104.857      68.904 
161.129       123,758   100.753 
133.896          89,366      62.386 
133.155         41.473      20.030 
106.713          35.639        4.759 
46.385          17.577        8.293 
88.150         51,647      31,274 
81,434          50.137      30.972 
66.533          37.409      21.789 
48.682          34.555      10,500 
84.655          58.291      41.105 
88,143          51.792      43.051 
81.298          62.882      50.840 
26  178            3  086 

1860. 
805.651 
279.122 
108.206 
565.529 
160.773 
177.812 
43,417 
212,418 
49,217 
45,619 
81.129 
56.802 
45.246 
161.044 
71.914 
168.675 
61.120 
4.385 
2.564 
29.226 
4.418 

Brooklyn    N    Y 

Chicago    111  2 

.547,201    2.185,283   1.698.575   1, 
.735,514    1.549.008   1.293.697   1, 
768.630        687.029       575.238 
767,813       670.585       560.892 
692.259       560.663       381,768 
594,637       558.485       508,957 
586.196       533,905       451.512 
619.648       465.766       285.704 
475,781        423.715       352,387 
471.023       416,912       342,782 
445.008        373.857       285,315 
414.248        363.591       325.902 
418.789        347.469       246.070 
377,010        339,075       287,104 
369.282        331,069       278,718 
535,485        319,198       102,479 
373.448        301.408       202.718 
312.557        267.779       206,433 
305,816        248,381       163,752 
366.445        237,194         80,671 
283.622        233.650       169.164 
259.895        224,326       175,597 
240,808        223.928       204.731 
264,714        218.149       162.608 
252.465        214.744       163,065 
268.439       213.381       133,859 
308.399        207.214         90,426 
220,135        181.511       125.560 
202.010        168.497       131.822 
196,144        154.839          89.672 
206.405        150,174         66.960 
166.106       145.986       118.421 
158,550       137.249       108.374 
152.275       133.605       108.027 
189.716       132,683         38,415 
151,877        131,105       102,320 
149.541        129,867       102.026 
158,702        127.628         85.050 
140,512        125,600       105.171 
177.777        124,096       102.555 
129,828        119,295       104,863 
128,939        116.577         85.333 
132.861        112.571         87.565 
118.136        110,364         80.865 
114,366        106.294         94,969 
114,293        104.839         91,886 
157.656        104.402         36.848 
124,724        102.054         70.996 
106.633        100.253         94.151 
y  1.     The  cities  are  arranged  a 

Philadelphia.    Pa  1 
St    Louis    Mo 

Boston,   Mass  

Cleveland     O  

Baltimore    Md          

Pittsburgh,    Pa  
Detroit    Mich  

Buffalo.  N.  Y  
San  Francisco    Cal  . 

Milwaukee,  Wis  

Newark    N    J  

New  Orleans    La  

Washington.  D.  C  

Minneapolis,'  Minn  
Jersey  City    N    J  

Kansas  City    Mo 

Seattle    Wash 

Indianapolis    Ind  

68,'033 
48.204 
10.401 

18'.  564 
13.768 
9.554 
1.543 
24,960 
28.119 
39.267 

Providence    R    I  

Louisville    Ky          .       ... 

Rochester    N    Y 

St.  Paul,  Minn  

Denver    Col  

Portland     Ore  

Toledo    O 

Atlanta     Ga  

Oakland    Cal       

New  Haven    Conn  

64.495          33,592      40.226 
75.215          45.850      35.092 
81.388          63,600      51.038 
78,347          51.031      33.579 
140,452         30.518      16,083 
74,398         48,961      26,766 
61,220          38,678      30,473 
60.278          32.016      16.507 
76.168          43.350      25.865 
77,696          59.475      40.298 
70.028          52.669      18,547 
19,922                350    . 

37',910 
19.586 
1.883 
14.026 
20,081 
8.085 
16.948 
36.827 
26.060 

Scranton    Pa  

Richmond    Va  

Paterson    N    J 

Omaha    Neb 

Fall  River    Mass  

Dayton    O                 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich  .... 
Nashville    Tenn 

Lowell    Mass  

Cambridge    Mass  

Spokane,    Wash  
Bridgeport    Conn  

48.866          27,643      18.969      13.299 
94.923          90.758      69.658      62.367 
ccording  to  their  rank  in   1910,    the 

Albany    N    Y  

•Estimated  as  of  Jul 
latest  census  year. 
POPU] 
Manhattan           1910. 
borough    ...2.331.542 
Bronx  borough  430,980 
Brooklyn 
borough  ...1.634.351 

POP 
Albany    N   Y  

LATION   0 
1900. 
1.850,093 
200.507 

1,166.582 

[JLATION 
1850. 
50,763 
169,054 
136.881 
96,838 
42.261 
42.985 
29.963 
115.436 
17.034 
17.882 
21.019 
13.555 
43.194 
33,383 
13.932 
20.061 
20.515 
10.478 
38.894 
20.345 
116.375 
515.547 

F    NEW   YC 
1890. 
1,441.216 
88.908 

838.547 

OF   PRINCl 
1840. 
33.721 
102.313 

18!213 
29.261 
4.479 
46.338    t 
6.071 
6.048 
9.102 
12.793 
21.210 
20.796 
3.235 

)RK   CITY   BY   BOROUGHS. 
Richmond             1910.              1900. 
borough   ...       85.969            67,021 
Queens  bor'gh    284,041         152,999 

1890. 
51.693 
87,050 

Total 

4  7fifi  883       a  437  9(\9.       9. 

,507,414 

1790. 
3.498 
13.503 
18.038 

l6,'359 

[PAL   CITIES.    1790-1850. 
1830.           1820.           1810.        1800. 
24.238         12.630            9,356        5,349 
80.625         62.738         46.555      26.614 
61,392         43.298         32.250      24.027 
12.042            7.145            4.402        3,298 
8,653            2.095            1.508 
30,289         24,480          24.711      18.712 

Baltimore    Md               .  .  . 

Brooklyn    N    Y  

Buffalo    N    Y        

Charleston    S    C 

24.831 
1.076 
2.435 
2222 
7.704 
10.352 
G.474 
877 

9.644            2.540            750 
606              547 

Cleveland    O                  ..  . 

Detroit    Mich  

1.422 

Hartford    Conn     

4  726            3  955 

4.012            1.357      

Lowell    Mass  

Manchester   N    H  

761               615 

Milwaukee,   Wis  
Mobile    Ala 

16.672 
6  999 
17.290 
14.890 
102.193 
312.710 

51566 
10.953 
10.180 
46.310 
203.007 

Nashville     Tenn... 

Newark    N    J        

6  507 

few  Haven.  Conn  

7.147           5.772      
27.176         17.242 
123.706         96.373      60.489 

33!i3i 

ew  York,  N.  Y  

ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


221 


Paterson    N   J    

1850. 
11.334 

1840. 
7.596 
258.037 
21.115 
15.218 
23,171 
20.153 
20.191 
15.082 
11,214 
10.985 
16.469 
6.502 
19.334 
12.782 
23.364 
5.680 
7.497 

1830.            1820. 

1810.        1800. 

1790. 

Philadelphia    Pa  

.    408.762 

167.188       108.116 
12,542            7.248 
12.601            8.530. 
16.832         11.767 
16.060         12.046 
9,269            1,502 
13,886         12,721 
9.748           7.523 
6.784           3.914 
5,852           4,598 

06.664      70,287 
4.768        1,565 
7.169        3.677 
10,071        7.614 
9.735        5,537 

42.520 

46.601 

20,815 

Providence,  R.  I  

41.513 

36.403 

20  264 

12,613        9.457 

7.921 

.       15.312 

77,860 
22.271 

2,767      

Troy.  N.  Y  
Utica    N    Y       

28.785 
17,565 

8.'323            2.'972 
18,827         13.247 
1.620         ...... 

3.885      .III  1  1 
"&208      "3.*2id 



Washington.  D.  C  

40.001 

Williamsburg.   N.  Y.... 
Worcester.    Mass  

.       30.780 
17.049 

Note—  In    1850:    Los    Angeles,     1.610:     San 
Francisco.     15.000:     Jersey    City,     6.856:      In- 
dianapolis. Ind.,  8.091:  St.  Paul.  Minn..  1.112: 
Portland,    Ore.,    821;    Toledo,    O..    3.829:    At- 

lanta,     Ga.,     2,572: 
Fall  River,  Mass.,  11 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.. 

Memphis.    Tenn., 
.524:  Dayton.  O.. 
2.686:  Cambridge 
rt.  Conn..  7.560. 

8,841: 
10.977: 

.  Mass., 

DECENNIAL  INCREASE  OF  CITIES    WITH  MORE  THAN   100.000  IN  1910. 


^1900  to 

1910-x 

,-1890  to 

1900^ 

,—1880  to 

1890-^ 

City. 

Number. 

Per  ct. 

Number. 

Per  ct. 

Number 

Per  ct 

New  York.  N.  Y  , 

1,329.681 

38.7 

1.921.901 

126.8 

309.002 

256 

Chicago.   Ill  

486,708 

28.7 

598.725 

54.4 

596  665 

118  6 

Philadelphia.  Pa  , 

255,311 

19.7 

246.733 

23.6 

199.794 

23.6 

St.  Louis.  Mo  

111.791 

19.4 

123,468 

27.3 

101.252 

28  9 

i      109.693 

19.6 

112.415 

25.1 

85.638 

23'6 

Cleveland.    O  , 

178.895 

46.9 

120,415 

46.1 

101.207 

63.2 

Baltimore.  Md  

49.528 

§.7 

74.518 

17.2 

102.126 

30.7 

Pittsburgh.  Pa  , 

82.393 

.2 

82.999 

34.8 

82.228 

52  6 

Detroit,  Mich  , 

180.062 

63.0 

79.828 

38.8 

89,536 

77"0 

Buffalo.  N.  Y  

71.328 

20.2 

96.723 

37.8 

100  530 

64  8 

San  Francisco.  Cal.  

74.130 

21.6 

43.785 

14.6 

65.038 

27  8 

Milwaukee.  Wis  

88.542 

31.0 

80.847 

39.5 

88.881 

76  9 

37.689 

11.8 

28.994 

9.8 

41  769 

164 

Newark.  N.  J  

,  101,399 
51.971 

41.2 
18.1 

64.240 
45.065 

35.3 
18.6 

45.322 
25.949 

33.3 
12  0 

Washington.  D.  C  

53.351 

18.8 

48.326 

21.0 

52.768 

29  7 

Los  Angeles,  Cal  

216.719 

211.5 

52.084 

103.4 

39.212 

350  6 

98.690 

43.6 

37,980 

23.1 

117.851 

251  4 

Jersey  City,  N.  J  

61.346 

29.7 

43.430 

26.6 

42.281 

35  0 

84.752 

51.7 

31.036 

23  A 

76  931 

137  9 

Seattle.    Wash  

,  156.523 

194.0 

37.834 

88.3 

39.304 

1112  5 

64.486 

38.1 

63.728 

60.4 

30.380 

40  5 

,  48.729 

27.8 

43,451 

39.9 

27  289 

26  0 

Louisville.  Ky  

19.197 

9.4 

43.602 

27.1 

37.371 

30  2 

Rochester,  N.  Y  , 

55.541 

34.2 

28.712 

21.4 

44.530 

49  8 

St.  Paul.  Minn  

51.679 

31.7 

29.909 

22.5 

91  683 

221  1 

Denver.   Col  

79.522 

59.4 

27.146 

25.4 

71.084 

199  5 

Portland.  Ore  

116.788 

140.2 

44.041 

94.9 

28.808 

163  9 

55.951 

44.6 

37.410 

42.4 

36  503 

70  7 

Toledo.    O  

36.675 

27.8 

50.388 

61.9 

31.297 

62  4 

Atlanta.  Ga  

64.967 

72.3 

24,339 

37.1 

28,124 

75  2 

Oakland.   Cal  

83.214 

124.3 

18.278 

37.5 

14.127 

40  9 

Worcester,  Mass  

27.565 

23.3 

33.766 

39.9 

26.364 

45  2 

Syracuse.  N.  Y  

28.875 

26.6 

20.231 

23.0 

36.351 

70  2 

25.578 

23.6 

26.729 

32.9 

18.416 

293 

Birmingham,  Ala  

94.270 

245.4 

12.237 

46.7 

23.092 

748  3 

28.785 

28.1 

37.825 

58.6 

30.903 

92  0 

Scranton,  Pa  

27.841 

27.3 

26.811 

35.6 

29.365 

64  0 

85.050 

50.1 

3.662 

4.5 

17.788 

28  0 

Paterson.  N.  J  

20.429 

19.4 

26.824 

34.2 

27.316 

53  5 

Omaha.  Neb  

21.541 

21.0 

37.897 

27.0 

109.934 

360  2 

Fall  River.  Mass  

14.432 

13.8 

26.824 

34.2 

27.316 

53.5 

Dayton.  O  

31.244 

36.6 

24.113 

39.4 

22.542 

58  3 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich  

25.006 

28.5 

27.287 

45.3 

28.262 

88  3 

Nashville.  Tenn  

29.499 

36.5 

4.697 

6.2 

32  818 

75  7 

Lowell,  Mass  

........         11.325 

11.9 

17.273 

22.2 

18.221 

30.6 

Cambridge.  Mass  

12.953 

14.1 

21.858 

17,359 

33  0 

Spokane.  Wash  

67.554 

183.3 

19.572 

-31.058 

43.7 

22.130 

45.3 

21.223 

76.8 

Albany.  N.  Y  

6,102 

6.5 

•772 

•0.8 

4.165 

4  6 

•Decrease. 

AMERICAN   CITIES 

WITH   POPULATION  OP 

25.000  TO 

100.000 

IN   1910. 

City.  1910.     1900. 

Akron.  0 69,067  42.728 

Allentown.    Pa 51.913  35.416 

Altoona,   Pa 52.127  38.973 

Amsterdam.  N.  Y.. 31. 267  20.929 


Pr.  ct.  inc. 

Population.-^  1900- 1890- 
1910. 1900. 
61.6  54.8 
46.6  40.4 
33.8  28.5 
49.4  20.7 


Atlantic  City.  N.  J.46.150  27.838     65.8  113.2 
Auburn.  N.  Y 34.668  30.345     14.2     17.4 


City.  1910.      1900. 

Augusta.    Ga  .......  41.040  39.441 

Aurora,   HI  .........  29.807  24.147 

Austin.  Tex  .........  29.86022.258 

Battle  Creek.  Mich.25,267  18,563 
Bay  City,  Mich....  45.  166  27.628 

Bayonne.  N.  J  .....  55.545  32.722 


Pr.  ct.  inc. 

pulations  1900-  1890- 
1910.1900. 
4.1      18.4 

23.4  22.6 
34.2     52.7 
36.1     40.7 

63.5  «0.8 
69.7     71.9 


222 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


,— Population.-^ 
City.  1910.     1900. 

Berkeley,   Cal 40.434  13,214 

Binghamton,  N.  Y. 48,443  39,647 
Blooming-ton.  111... 25,768  23,286 
Brockton,  Mass.  .  .56.878  40,063 
Brookline.  Mass..  .27,792  19,935 

Butte.   Mont 39,165  30,470 

Camden,  N.  J 94,538  75.935 

Canton,    0 50.217  30,667 

Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.32,811  25,656 
Charleston,  S.  C... 58.833  55.807 

Charlotte,  N.  C 34.014  18.091 

Chattanooga.   Tenn.44.604  30,154 

Chelsea,   Mass 32,452  34,072 

Chester,   Pa 38,537  33,988 

Chicopee,   Mass 25.401  19.167 

Clinton.  Iowa 25,577  22,698 

Colorado  SPSS.,  Col.29,078  21,085 
Columbia.  S.  C.... 26.319  21,108 
Council  Bluffs.  la.. 29,292  25,802 

Sovington.    Ky 53,27042.938 
alias,    Tex 92,104  42,638 

Danville,   111 27,871  16,354 

Davenport,  Iowa . .  .43,028  35,254 

Decatur,   111 31.140   20,754 

Des  Moines.  Iowa.. 86,368  62,139 

Dubuque,    Iowa 38,494  36,297 

Duluth,  Minn 78.466  52,969 

Easton.    Pa 28,52325,238 

East  Orange,  N.  J.,34,371  21,506 
East  St.  Louis.  HI. 58.547  29,655 

El  Paso.  Tex 39,279  15,906 

Elgin.    Ill 25.976  22,433 

Elizabeth,  N.  J.... 73,409  52,130 

Elmira,  N.  Y 37,176  35,672 

Erie,   Pa 66.525  52,733 

Evansville,   Ind 69,647  59,007 

Everett,    Mass 33,484  24,336 

Fitchburg,   Mass..  .37,826  31,531 

Flint,    Mich 38.550  13.103 

Fort  Wayne.  Ind.  .63,933  45,115 
Fort  Worth.  Tex.  .73,312  26,688 
Galveston,  Tex...  .36,981  37,789 
Green  Bay,  Wis...25,236  18,684 

Hamilton.  0 35,279  23.914 

Harrisburg.   Pa 64,186  50.167 

Hartford,   Conn 98.915  79,850 

Haverhill.   Mass.  .  .44,115  37,175 


Pr.  ct.  inc. 
1900-  1890- 
1910.  1900. 
206.0  159.0 
22.2  13.3 
10.7  13.7 
42.0  46.8 

39.4  64.7 

28.5  184.2 
24.5  30.2 
63.7  17.1 
27.9  42.4 

5.4   1.6 


24.1  14.9 


.      . 
0.0   23.2 
9.0  24.0 


Hazleton, . 

Hoboken,  N.  J. 
Holyoke,  Mass. 


,25.452  14,230 
.70,324  59,364 
.57.730  45,71! 


Houston,  Tex 78,800  44,633 

Huntington.  W.  Va.31,161  11,923 

Jackson.  Mich 31.433   25,180 

Jacksonville,  Fla. ..57,699  28,429 
Jamestown,  N.  Y.. 31, 297  22,892 

Johnstown,  Pa 55,482  35,936 

Joliet.  Ill 34,670  29,353 

Joplin,    Mo 32,073  26,023 

Kalamazoo,  Mich.. 39,437  24,404 
Kansas  City,  Kas.  .82,331  51,41f 
Kingston,  N.  Y.., 


. 

19.9 
36.0 
28.3 
62.0 
18.0 


Knoxville,  Tenn 
LaCrosse,     Wis 
Lancaster.    Pa 
Lansing-,    Mich 
Lawrence,  Mass. 
ewiston,  Me 


25,908  24,53 

36,346  32,637 

30.417  28,895 
47,22741,459 

31,229  16,485 

.  .85.892  62.559 

26,247  23,761 

Lexington,  Ky  .....  35,099  26,369 

ima.    0  ............  30,508  21,723 

Lincoln.  Neb  .......  43,973  40,169 

Little  Rock,  Ark.  .45,941  38.307 

Lorain.    0  ...........  28,883  16,028 

Lynchburg-,    Va  .....  29,494  18,891 

Lynn,   Mass  .......  89,336  68,513 

acon,    Ga  .........  40.665  23,272 

McKeesport.   Pa..  ..42,694  34.227 

^fadison,   Wis  .....  25,531  19,164 

Maiden.  Mass  .....  44.404  33,664 

Manchester,  N.  H...  70,063  56,987 

Meriden.  Conn  ......  27.265  24,296 

Mobile.  Ala  .........  51,521  38,469 

ontgomery,  Ala.  .38.136  30.346 


. 
10.5 

33.1  22.3 
40.4  35.9 

9.5  *27.2 

19.9  48.1 

80.2  229.6 

56.1  ,  *4.2 
30.4  22.9 
74.7  2.3 
24.7  65.0 

33.2  42.7 
31.9  46.2 
22.9  29.1 
12.2  12.2 
33.9  23.8 


25  7     38  7 

Mt.  Vernori.'N.  Y..36!919  21,228     45/7     96.0 
Muskogee.   Okla .  .  .  25,278     4,254  494.2  t 


r-  Population.-^ 

City.  1910.     1900. 

Nashua,  N.  H  .....  26,005  23.898 

Newark.    0  .........  25,404  18,157 

New  Bedford.  Mass.96.652  62,442 
New  Britain.  Conn.  .43,916  25,998 
Newburgh,  N.  Y...  27,805  24,943 
Newcastle,  Pa  .....  36,280  28.339 

Newport,    Ky  ......  30.30928.301 

Newport,  R.  1  ......  27.149  22.441 

New  Rochelle.  N.  Y.28,867  14,720 
Newton,  Mass  .....  39.806  33,587 

Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.30,445  19,457 
Norfolk,   Va  ........  67,452  46.624 

Norristown.  Pa  ____  27.875  22.265 

Ogden,    Utah  ......  25,58016,313 

Oklahoma  City,  Ok..64,205  10,037 
Orange,  N.  J  .......  29,630  24,141 

Oshkosh,    Wis  .....  33,062  28,284 

Pasadena,     Cal  ____  30,291     9,117 

Passaic,  N.  J  .......  54,773  27,777 

Pawtucket.  R.  I...  51,  622  39,231 
Peoria,    111  .......  .  66,950  56,100 

Perth  Amboy,  N.J.32,  121   17,699 
Pittsfield.  Mass  ____  32,121  21,766 

Portland.    Me  ......  58,571  50,145 

Portsmouth,  Va....33,190  17,427 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.27,936  24,029 
Pueblo.     Col  .........  44,395  28.157 

Quincy,  HI  ..........  36,587  36,252 

Quincy,   Mass  .....  32,642  23,899 

Racine.    Wis  ........  38,002  29,102 

Reading",  Pa  ........  96,071   78,961 

Roanoke,  Va  ......  34,874  21,495 

Rockford.  Ill  .......  45,401  31,051 

Sacramento.     Cal...  44,  696  29.282 
Saginaw,    Mich  ____  50,51042.345 

St.  Joseph,  Mo  .....  77,403  102979 

Salem,  Mass  .......  43,697  35,956 

Salt  Lake  City.  Ut.92.777  53,531 
San  Antonio,  Tex.  .96,614  53,321 
San  Diego,  Cal  ----  39,578  17,700 

San  Jose.  Cal  ......  28,946  21.500 

Savannah.     Ga  .....  65.064  54,244 

Scheneatady,   N.  Y.72.826  31,682 
Sheboygan.    Wis.  .  .86,398  22,962 
Shenandoah,  Pa.  .  .25.774  20,321 
Shreveport,     La....  28,015  16,013 

Sioux  City,  Iowa.  .47,828  33,111 
Somerville.  Mass.  .77,236  61,643 
South  Bend,  Ind...  53,684  35,999 

t.  Omaha.  Neb  ____  26,259  26.001 
pringfield.    Ill  ____  51.67834,159 
Springfield,  Mass  ..  88.926  62,059 

§  pringfield.  Mo  ____  35,201  23,267 
pringfield,  0  .......  46,921  38.253 

Stamford.    Conn.  .  .25,138  15,997 
Superior,  Wis  .......  40,384  31,091 

Tacoma,    Wash  ____  83,743  37,714 

Tampa,  Fla  .......  37,782   15,839 

Taunton.  Mass.  ..  .34.259  31.036 

Terre  Haute.  Ind.  ..58,157  36,673 
Topeka.  Kas  ........  43.684  33,608 

Trenton,   N.  J  ......  96,815  73,307 

Troy,  N.  Y  .........  76,81360,651 

Utica.  N.  Y  .........  74,41956,383 

Waco.    Tex  ........  26,42520,686 

Waltham,  Mass  ____  27,83423,481 

Warwick.  R.  1  .....  26.629  21,316 

Waterbury,     Conn..  73,  141  45,859 
Waterloo,    Iowa.  .  .26,693  12,580 
Watertown.  N.  Y..  26.730  21,696 
W.  Heboken.  N.  J..35.403  23,094 
Wheeling.  W.  Va...41,641  38,878 
Wichita,    Kas  .......  52,450  24,671 

Wilkes-Barre.   Pa.  ..67,  105  51,721 
Williamsport,  Pa..  31,860  28.757 
Wilmington.    Del...  87,411  76,508 
Wilmington.  N.  C..  25,  748  20,976 
Woonsocket.   R.  I..  38.125  28,204 
Yonkers.  N.  Y  .....  79.803  47,931 

York,  Pa  ...........  44,750  33,708 

Youngstown.  0  .....  79.066  44.885 

Zanesville.    0  .......  28,026  22,238 


Pr.  ct.  inc. 

1900-1890- 

1910. 1900. 

8.8  23.8 

39.9  27.2 

64.8  53.3 

68.9  57.4 
11.5  8.0 
28.0  144.3 

7.1  13.6 

21.0  15.3 

96.1  62.5 
18.5  37.8 
56.5  t 

44.7  33.7 

25.2  12.5 

56.8  9.6 
539.7  141.8 

22.7  28.1 

16.9  23.9 
232.2  86.7 

97.2  113.2 
31.5  42.0 

19.3  36.7 

81.5  86.1 

47.6  26.0 

16.8  37.7 

90.5  31.3 
16.3  8.2 

67.7  14.7 
0.9  15.1 

36.6  42.9 

30.6  38.5 

21.7  34.6 
62.2  33.0 

46.2  31.7 
52.6  11.0 

19.3  *8.6 
*24.8  96.8 

21.5  16.7 

73.3  19.4 

81.2  41.5 
123.6  9.5 

34.6  19.0 

19.9  25.6 
129.9  59.2 

15.0  40.4 

26.8  27.5 

75.0  33.7 

44.4  *12.4 

25.3  53.5 

49.1  65.0 
1.0  222.5 

61.3  36.8 

43.3  40.5 

51.3  6.5 

22.7  19.9 
57.1  t 

29.9  159.5 
122.0  4.7 
138.5  186.3 

10.4  22.0 

f2.6  21.4 
0.0 


59.5 

112.2  88.5 

23.2  47.3 

53.3  98.0 
7.1  12.4 

112.6  3.6 

29.7  37.1 

10.8  6.0 
14.3  24.5 
22.7  4.6 

38.7  35.4 
66.5  49.6 

32.8  62.1 
76.2  35.1 
19.1  12.0 


•Decrease,     flncorporated  since  1890. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


223 


CITIES    ©F    FASTEST    GROWTH.     1900     TO 
1910. 

Pop.,      Pet.  inc. 
Rank.    City.  1910.  1900-1910. 


1.  Oklahoma   City.    Okla.  .    64,205 

2.  Muskogee.  Okia 25,278 

3.  Birmingham.  Ala 132,685 

4.  Pasadena,    Cal 30,291 

5.  Los  Angeles,   Cal 319,198 

6.  Berkeley,    Cal 40,434 

7.  Flint,    Mich 38,550 

8.  Seattle,    Wash 237.194 

9.  Spokane,   Wash 104,402 

10.  Fort  Worth,  Tex 73,312 

11.  Huntingdon.  W.   Va 31,161 

12.  El    Paso,    Tex 39,279 

13.  Tampa.  Fla 37,782 

14.  Schenectady,    N.   Y 72,826 

15.  Portland,   Ore 207,214 

16.  Oakland.     Cal 150,174 

17.  San  Diego.    Cal 39,578 

18.  Tacoma.  Wash 83,743 

19.  Dallas,  Tex 92,104 


539.7 
494.2 
245.4 
232.2 
211.5 
206.0 
194.2 
194.0 
183.3 
174.7 
161.4 
146.9 
138.5 
129.9 
129.2 
124.3 
123.6 
122.0 
116.0 


Pop.,      Pet.  inc. 
Rank.    City.  1910.  1900-1910. 

20.  Wichita,  Kas 52,450  112.6 

21.  Waterloo.    Iowa    26,693  112.2 

22.  Jacksonville,    Fla 57,699  103.0 


AREA  OF  CHIEF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 

Land  area  in  acres  July  1,  1915. 
New   York.  .183,555.0     New  Orleans. 125,440.0 
Chicago    ....  121,502.6 
Philadelphia. .  83,340.0 
St.   Louis. 
Boston     .  . 
Cleveland 


Baltimore 
Pittsburgh 


.39,100.0 
.27,612.0 
..33,547.5 
.19,290.0 
.25,383.3 


Detroit    26,726.4 

Los  Angeles.  183,464.0 

Buff; 

San  Francisco.26, 632.0 

Milwaukee     ..32,069.0 


Cincinnati    . .  .45,255.0 
Newark,  N.  J.14,858.0 


Washington  .38,408.4 
Minneapolis  .32,069.0 

Seattle    37,481.0 

Jersey  City...  8,320.0 
Kansas  City.  .37.555.8 
Portland.  Ore.32.748.8 
Indianapolis  .22,165.1 

Denver    37,028.0 

Roch'ster,N.Y.14,876.3 
.24.894.0  '  Providence    ..11,353.0 
.  o«  «oo  n  i  st      Paul     ...33,388.0 
Louisville    ...15,368.4 


Columbus,  O..  14,149.6 


ELEVATION    OF    AMERICAN    CITIES. 

[From  Henry  Gannett's  "Dictionary  of  Altitudes."] 

Where   two  elevations  in   the   same  city  are  I  officially   recorded   at   or   near  the   surface    of 
given    they    represent    the   lowest    and   highest  |  the  ground. 


Alabama—  Feet. 

Birmingham  591-606 

Mobile    8-15 

Montgomery   160-222 

Arizona— Flagstaff  6.894 

Phoenix 1,083-1.090 

Tucson 2.37i 

Williams    6.752 

Arkansas— Fort  Smith  423-448 

Hot  Springs 598-607 

Little  Rock 249-299 

California— Alameda  12 

Berkeley  29-183 

Fresno 287 

Long  Beach 47 

Los  Angeles 256-338 

Oakland    8-24 

Pasadena  829 

Sacramento    30 

San  Bernardino.. 1,011-1. 077 

San  Diego 6-46 

San   Francisco.. 6-85 

San  Jose 81-118 

Stockton  11-19 

Colorado- 
Colorado  Springs.5. 968-5, 982 

Cripple  Creek 9,591 

Denver 5.183-5.279 

Leadville    10.190 

Pueblo    4.657-4.690 

Connecticut— Bridgeport 9 

Hartford    34-38 

Meriden    150 

New   Britain 199 

New   Haven 6-38 

Norwalk   39 

Stamford   34 

Waterbury  260 

Delaware— Wilmington ..  .8-134 
District  of  Columbia — 

Washington  10-34 

Florida — Jacksonville    8 

Pensacola   39 

Tampa    15 

Georgia— Atlanta    .1.032-1,163 

Augusta    143 

Macon    311-334 

Savannah    31 

Idaho— Boise   2,695 

Illinois— Aurora   647 

Bloomington    781 

Chicago   , 590-652 

Danville    598-602 

Decatur    647 

East  St.  Louis 415-420 

Elgin    715 

Evanston  601-603 

Jacksonville   600-614 


Feet. 

Joliet    536-540 

Moline  573-586 

Oak    Park 630 

Peoria    453-468 

Quincy  360-488 

Rockford    716-730 

Rock  Island 540-569 

Springfield    595-612 

Indiana— Evansville    .  .318-383 

Fort    Wayne 763-788 

Hammond    ..: 589-597 

Indianapolis  720-726 

Muncie   935-950 

South   Bend 708-725 

Terre    Haute 485 

Iowa— Burlington    511-533 

Cedar    Rapids 732-737 

Clinton   566-589 

Council   Bluffs 962-984 

Davenport   529-591 

Des  Moines 803-805 

Dubuque    605-841 

Sioux  City 1,076-1.110 

Waterloo    847-852 

Kansas— Atchison   760-840 

Hutchinson    1.523-1.530 

Kansas  City 750-779 

Leavenworth  765-787 

Topeka    880-934 

Wichita    1.291-1.296 

Kentucky— Covington 513 

Lexington    946-980 

Louisville    394-457 

Newport    500-513 

Louisiana — New    Orleans.  6-15 
Shreveport    182-240 

Maine—  Bangor    18-24 

Lewiston    149-199 

Portland    11-26 

Maryland— Annapolis    2-42 

Baltimore    63-92 

Cumberland    609-776 

Hagerstown    520-563 

Massachusetts— Boston  ..8-169 

Brockton    128 

Cambridge   22 

Chelsea   11 

Everett   12 

Fall    River 42 

Fitchburg    438 

Haverhill  35 

Holyoke    115 

Lawrence    65 

Lowell   101-111 

Lynn  26 

Maiden    34 

Medford    .  ..13 


Feet. 

New  Bedford 17 

Newton    33 

Pittsfield    1.013 

Salem   10 

Somerville   13 

Springfield    83 

Taunton    54 

Waltham    51 

Worcester    469-477 

Michigan— Ann  Arbor. 611-771 

Battle  Creek 816-823 

Bay   City / 594 

Detroit 579-635 

Flint    711-712 

Grand  Rapids 610-641 

Jackson    940-944 

Kalamazoo   753-784 

Lansing     828-845 

Muskegon    592-619 

Saginaw    593 

Duluth    607-627 

Minneapolis    816-848 

St.  Paul 683-935 

Mississippi— Jackson  .  .283-298 

Macon    175-179 

Natchez    16-202 

Vicksburg   43-197 

Missouri- 
Jefferson  City 554-637 

Joplin   983-1.114 

Kansas  City 742-811 

St.  Joseph 813-847 

St.    Louis ..413-487 

Springfield    1.260 

Montana— Butte    ..5.534-5,713 

Helena   3.913-4.157 

Kalispell  2,946 

Livingston  4.491 

Nebraska- 
Grand  Island 1.858-1,864 

Lincoln  1.148 

Omaha    960-1,042 

Nevada— Carspn    City 4,660 

New   Hampshire — 

Manchester    173 

Nashua 150 

New  Jersey— Atlantic  City 9-10 

Bayonne   50 

Camden    21-31 

East   Orange 173 

Elizabeth    12-38 

Jersey   City 8-104 

Newark    3-119 

New    Brunswick 18-97 

Orange    187-193 

Passaic  57 

Paterson   82-193 

Trenton  31-56 


224 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Feet. 

New  Mexico— 

Albuquerque  . . .  .4.493-5.008 

Deming    4.325 

Las    Vegas 6.391 

Santa  Fe 6.947-6.956 

New  York— Albany 5-26 

Amsterdam    264-280 

Auburn    643-768 

Bingrhamton  863-865 

Buffalo   576-586 

Elmira    836-858 

Jamestown  1,317 

Kingston    182-223 

New  York 8-72 

Poughkeepsie 28-243 

Rochester 505-514 

Schenectady   233-241 

Syracuse    403-431 

Troy   23-35 

Utica   406-548 

Watertown   398 

West  Point 10 

North  Carolina — 

Asheville  1.981-1,986 

Charlotte 708-721 

Wilmington   25 

Winston-Salem 858-877 

North  Dakota- 
Bismarck  1,618-1.672 

Grand  Forks 836-841 

Minot    1.557 

Valley  City 1.221-1.311 

Ohio— Akron   873-1.007 

Canton 1,030-1.036 

Cleveland 578-785 

Cincinnati    481-545 

Columbus    712-794 

Dayton   739-745 

Hamilton 591-605 

Xima    833-880 

Lorain   610 

Newark    822 

Portsmouth    468-525 

rfield  980-987 

...641-781 


Feet. 

Toledo 582-602 

Youngstown    839-847 

Zanesville    694-704 

Oklahoma— Muskogee  .588-611 
Oklahoma  City 1.197 

Oregon— Portland 28-175 

Salem 163 

Pennsylvania — 

Allentown   254-321 

Altoona    1.161-1.192 

Chester 22-24 

Easton    211-364 

Erie  575-713 

Harrisburg  317-357 

Hazleton  1.624 

Johnstown 1.169-1.184 

Lancaster  300-357 

McKeesport 752 

New  Castle 806 

Norristown 83 

Philadelphia    26-408 

Pittsburgh    731-756 

Reading  206-264 

Scranton    726-762 

Wilkesbarre   532-643 

Williamsport  520-528 

York 370-371 

Rhode  Island— Central  Falls.88 

Cranston 84 

Newport   6 

Pawtucket  92 

Providence 11 

Woonsocket 162 

South    Carolina — 

Charleston 10-15 

Columbia 190-322 

South  Dakota- 
Chamberlain    ,....1.323-1.359 

Deadwood 4.532-4.543 

Pierre    1.440-1.441 

Rapid  City 3.196-3.244 

Sioux  Falls 1.389-1.420 

Tennessee — 

Chattanooga   631-690 

Knoxville 807-933 


Feet. 

Memphis 117-273 

Nashville 450 

Texas— Austin    466-507 

Beaumont    17-24 

Dallas  425-448 

El  Paso 3.695-3.711 

Fort  Worth 534-620 

Galveston  4-6 

Houston   38-53 

San  Antonio 637-672 

Waco   400-427 

Utah— Ogden    4.296 

Salt  Lake  City..  .4.224-4.253 

Vermont^Montpelier 484 

Virginia— Lynchburg  ..517-526 

Norfolk 12 

Petersburg   11-85 

Portsmouth    10 

Richmond    15-206 

Roanoke    423 

Washington— Bellingham 60 

Everett  7-21 

Seattle    10 

Spokane   1.879-1.935 

Tacoma   12-210 

West  Virginia- 
Charleston  602-603 

Huntington 565 

Wheeling  622-652 

Wisconsin— Appleton  ..709-719 

Beloit    741-743 

Eau  Claire 788-841 

Fond  du  Lac 747-775 

Green   Bay 590 

Kenosha   611 

LaCrosse    644-657 

Madison    849-860 

Milwaukee    579-636 

Oshkosh   743-760 

Racine  588-629 

Sheboygan  589 

Superior   606-671 

Wyoming — 

Cheyenne  6.062-6.101 

Laramie    7.132-7.165 


AMERICAN   CITIES   WITH    10,000   OR    MORE    INHABITANTS. 

Arranged  by  states. 
[Estimated  by  the  United  States  census    bureau  as  of  July  1,  1917.] 


San  Jose           .   39  810 

Jacksonville        79  065 

Evanston    ....      29304 

Bessemer    ....     17.156 
Birmingham      189.716 
Gadsden    15.301 
Mobile    59.201 

Santa  Ana  10,981 
Santa   Barbara  15,360 
Santa  Cruz....   15,150 
Stockton    36,209 
Vallejo                  13  803 

Key   West  22,011 
Pensacola  ....     26,802 
Tampa  56,251 
West  Tampa.     12,566 

Freeport    19.844 
Galesburg    ...     24,629 
Granite    City.     15,890 
Jacksonville         15,506 
Joliet    38  549 

Selma    15.945 

Colorado. 

Albany  10  979 

Kankakee  ..  .      14,270 

Tuscaloosa   .  .     10,824 

Boulder  City        12  012 

Athens  18319 

Kewanee    13,607 

Arizona. 

Colorado  Spgs.  38,965 

Atlanta    196,144 

La  Salle  12,332 
Lincoln    11  991 

Phoenix  19,445 
Tucson   17,324 

Fort  Collins...   11,973 

Brunswick    ...    10.984 

Mattoon  12.764 

Greeley  11  942 

Columbus    ....   26  306 

May  wood   ....     10,903 

A  __.__*„                              1^^1*1 

Pueblo                  56  084 

Macon   .        .       46  099 

Moline  27.976 

Trinidad               14  413 

Rome                      15  607 

Monmouth""  .  .     10,346 

Helena             ..   11  122 

Connecticut. 

Savannah  69,250 

Mt.    Vernon..      10.043 

Hot    Springs.  .    17,690 

Ansonia    16,954 

Waycross   20.737 

Ottawa  *9  535 

Little  Rock...    58.716 
Pine  Bluff           17  777 

Bridgeport     ...124,724 
Bristol                   16  318 

Idaho. 
Boise                     35  951 

Pekin    10.973 

California. 

Danbury  22,931 

Pocatello    12,806 

Quincy    36,832 

Alameda  28,433 
Bakersfield          17  543 

Hartford   .    ...112,830 
Meriden  29,431 

Illinois. 
Alton    23  783 

Rock   Island...  29.452 

Berkeley               60  427 

Middletown  ...   13,502 

Aurora     .      .   .   34  795 

Eureka  15  142 

New  Britain...   55,385 

Belleville  21,154 

Fresno  36,314 

New  Haven  .  .  .152.275 

Bloomington    .    27.462 

Frbina                  10  146 

Long  Beach         29  163 

New   London..   21,199 

Cairo   15995 

Los   Angeles     535  485 

Norwalk    27,332 

Canton                   13  674 

Oakland    206,405 
Pasadena    ....    49.620 
Pomona    13,624 
Redlands   14.573 
Riverside              20  496 

Norwich  21,923 
Stamford  31.810 
Waterbury    ...   80,201 
Willimantic    ..   12,902 
Delaware 

Centralia  11,838 
Champaign    ...   15,052 
Chicago  2.547,201 
Chicago  Hghts.   22.863 
Cicero                     20  846 

•Population  in  1910, 
showing    decrease;    no 
estimate  since. 
Indiana. 
Anderson    ......   24230 

Sacramento  ...    68.984 
San  Bernardino  17  616 

Wilmington    .  .    95.361 
District  of  Columbia. 

Danville    32,969 
Decatur  ..   41483 

Bedford    10,613 
Bloomington    .    11,661 

,San   Diego  56,412 

Washington   ..369,282 

E.  St.  Louis.  .    77.312 

Brazil    .            .   10,472 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


225 


Crawfordsville.  11.443 
East    Chicago.    30.286 
Elkhart            ..   22273 

Monroe    13.698 
New   Orleans.  .377.010 
Shreveport    .  .  .  37,064 
Maine 
Auburn   16,607 
Aug-usta    14.325 

SaultSte.  Marie  14.130 
Traverse  City.    14.090 
•Population  in  1910. 
showing-  decrease  from 
1900;       no      estimate 
since. 
Minnesota. 
Duluth                   97  077 

Englewood    .    .    12.603 
Gloucester    ...   11.375 
Hoboken    78.324 
Jersey  City.  ...312,557 
Long-  Branch..    15,733 
Millville    13,813 
New  Brunswick  25.855 
Newark              418  789 

Elwood                *11  028 

Evans  ville  ....    76.981 
Fort  Wayne...    78.014 
Frankfort    ....    10.103 
Gary                      56  000 

Bangor   ..        ..    26,958 

Biddeford  17.760 
Lewiston    28,061 
Portland    64.720 
Sanford   ..        .    11,217 

Hammond   27.016 
Hunting-ton   ...    10,982 
Indianapolis  ..283,622 
Jeffersonville  .'10.412 
Kokomo   21,929 

Hibbing-                17  550 

Orange    33636 

Mankato    '10,365 
Minneapolis   ..373,448 
Red  Wing-  .         10  158 

Passaic    ...         74  473 

Paterson    140512 
Perth  Amboy.    42,646 
Plamfield    24,330 
Kahway    .             10  361 

Waterville    .  .  .    12.903 
Maryland. 
Baltimore  667.442 
Cumberland    ..    26,686 
Frederick    ....    11,225 
Hagerstown  .  .    26,125 
Massachusetts. 
Attleboro    19,776 
Beverly  22,128 
Boston  767.813 

St.  Cloud  12.013 
3t.  Paul  252.465 
Stillwater  *10,198 
Virginia  City..    15.954 
Winona                  18  583 

Lafayette   21.481 
Laporte                 13  572 

Trenton              113  974 

Log-ansport    ...    21.338 
Marion   19,923 

New  Mexico. 
Albuquerque   .    14,509 
New  York. 
Albany   .  .          106  632 

Michigan  City.  21.913 
Mishawaka    ...    17.083 
Muncie                  25  653 

•Population  in  1910, 
showing-  decrease  from 
1900;       no      estimate 
since. 
Mississippi. 
Columbus  10.815 
Greenville    .  .  .    11.045 
Hattiesburg-    ..   17.357 
Jackson  31.104 
Laurel                   1°  313 

New    Albany..   23.629 
Newcastle    ....    14,144 
Peru                       12  491 

Amsterdam   ...   38^043 
Auburn                37  8°3 

Brockton  60,152 
Cambridge  ....114,293 
Chelsea    48,405 
Chicopee    29,950 
Everett    40,160 
Fall  River  129,828 
Fitchburg-    ....   42,419 
Gloucester    .  .  .*  24.398 
Haverhill  49.180 

Batavia   ...          13*595 

Richmond    25.080 
Shelby  ville    ...    11,201 
South  Bend...    70.967 
Terre  Haute...    67,361 
Vincennes    18,089 
•Population  in  1910. 
showing1    decrease  ;    no 
estimate  since. 
Iowa. 

"Rnnnp                          11  321 

Beacon   ..             11674 

Binghamton  ..   54!  864 
Buffalo    475,781 
Cohoes   25  292 

Meridian    .,    ..   21,824 
Natchez              *ll  791 

Corning  151676 
Cortland  13,321 

Vicksburg-  ....   23.179 
.     *Population  in  1910. 
showing-  decrease  from 
1900;       no      estimate 
since. 
Missouri. 
Cape  Girardeau.il,  146 
Columbia    12,958 
Hannibal    22,399 
Independence   .  11,964 
Jefferson  City.    13.712 
Joplin                    33  400 

Dunkirk  ...         21311 

Elmira    ..             38  °72 

Holyoke  66,503 

Fulton    ..             12138 

Lawrence   102,923 
Leominster    ...   21,365 
Lowell    114,366 
Lynn    104,534 

Geneva  13.'915 

Burlington    ...   25.144 
Cedar  Rapids..  38.033 
Clinton                   27  678 

Glens  Falls  17160 
Gloversville    .  .   23  314 
Hornell  14,857 

Council  Bluffs!  31.838 
Davenport  ....   49.618 
Des  Moines....l04.052 
Dubuque    40,096 
Fort  Dodg-e....   21.039 
Iowa  City  11.626 

Maiden  52,243 
Marlboroug-h   .    15,285 
Medford   ..     ..   26,681 

Hudson   12,898 
Ithaca    ...             16  017 

Jamestown   .  .  .   37^431 
Johnstown    ...   10  678 
Kingston   26,910 

Melrose     .         .    17,724 

New  Bedford..  121,  622 
Newburyport..    15.291 
Newton      44,345 

Kansas    City...  305,  816 
Moberly    13.047 
St.   Charles....   10,498 
St.  Joseph  86.498 
St.  Louis  768.630 
Sedalia                  19  711 

Lackawanna    .    16.219 
Little   Falls...    13,653 
Lockport   20,028 
Middletown   .  .    15,810 
Mount   Vernon  37.991 
New  Rochelle.    29192 
New  York...  5.  737.892 
Bronx              599  ''15 

Keokuk  *  14.  008 
Marshalltown.    14.519 
Mason  City....   14.938 
Muscatine   ....   17,713 
Ottumwa    24,708 
Sioux  City  58,568 
Waterloo  36.987 
•Population  in  1910. 
showing-    decrease;    no 
estimate  since. 
Kansas. 
Atchison               16  785 

North  Adams.  *22.  019 
Northampton  .  20,006 
Pittsfield  39.678 
Quincy  39.022 

Revere    23,929 
Salem  49  346 

Springfield   ...    41,'l69 
Webb  City  14,082 
Montana. 
Anaconda  10,631 
Billings                  15  1°3 

Somerville.     ..    88.618 
Spring-field   .  .  .  108,668 
Taunton   36,610 

Brooklyn   .1,976,103 
Manhattan.2,682.978 
Queens    ....379396 
Richmond   ..   99.800 
Newburgh   29.893 
Niagara  Falls.    38,466 
N.  Tonawanda.  14,060 
Ogdensburg   .  .    16,845 

Waltham   31.011 
Woburn                 16  076 

Butte    ..          ..   44.057 

Worcester  166.106 
•Population  in  1910. 
showing-  decrease  from 
1900  ;  no  estimate  since. 
Michigan. 
Adrian    11.570 
Alpena    13.365 
Ann   Arbor  15.041 
Battle  Creek...   30.159 
Bay    City  48,390 
Benton  Harbor  11.099 
Cadillac  10.158 
Detroit  619,648 

Great  Falls....  •13,948 
Helena    .   13.789 
Missoula    19.075 
•Population  in  1910. 
showing  decrease  from 
1900;       no      estimate 
since. 
Nebraska. 
Beatrice                10  437 

Chanute    ..       .   12.968 

Coffey  ville  ..   .   18,381 
Fort     Scott....    10.564 
Hutchinson   ..     21,461 
Independence       15.111 
lola    11.396 
Kansas    City..  102.096 
Lawrence    ....     13.477 
Leavenworth     *  19,  363 
Parsons    15,952 
Pittsburg-    18.340 
Salina    12,470 
Topeka                  49  538 

Oneonta  ...          11200 

Ossining  14.064 
Oswego  24  2l9 

Peekskill  19.034 
Plattsburg    .   .    13  111 
Port  Chester.  .    16.727 
Poughkeepsie..    30,029 
Rensselaer    ...    11,252 
Rochester  264,714 

Fremont  10.080 
Grand  Island..    13.133 
Hastings    11,292 
Lincoln    46.957 

Wichita    73,597 
•Population  in  1910. 
showing1    decrease:    no 
estimate  since. 
Kentucky. 
Ashland    12,195 

Escanaba    15.854 
Flint    57.386 
Grand  Rapids.  132.861 
Hancock   12.578 
Holland     12.459 

Omaha    177,777 
Nevada. 
Reno  15,514 
New  Hampshire. 
Berlin   13.892 

Rome  24.259 
Saratoga  Spgs.  13.839 
Schenectady  ..103.774 
Syracuse    ...     158559 

Troy   78.094 

Ironwood   15.095 
Ishpeming    .  .  .*  12.448 
Jackson  35.966 

Concord                22.858 
Dover                    13  °76 

Watertown    .  .  .   30.404 
Watervliet  ....    15.622 
White  Plains..   23.331 
Yonkers    103,066 
North  Carolina. 
Asheville  25.656 
Charlotte    40.759 
Durham    26  160 

Covington    59.623 
Frankfort    11.179 
Henderson  12,312 
Hopkinsville    .    10,979 
Lexington    .  .  .    41.997 
Louisville  240,808 
Newport    32,133 
Owensboro   ...    18,070 
Paducah    25,178 
Louisiana. 
Alexandria    ...    16.232 
Baton  Roug-e..   17,544 
Lake   Charles.    14.930 

Keene   10.725 
Laconia  11,745 

Kalamazoo   ...   50,408 
Lansing-  44.499 
Laurium    10.649 
[Aldington   10.566 
Nfanistee    *12.381 
tfarquette   ....    12.555 
VIenominee   ...*10.507 
Muskeg-on   27,434 
Owosso  10.326 
Pontiac         ..       18006 

Manchester  ...    79.607 
Nashua    27.541 
Portsmouth    ..   11,730 
New  Jersey. 
Asbury  Park..    14.629 
Atlantic  City..   59.515 
Bayonne  72,204 
Bridgeton  14.425 
2amden  108.117 
East  Orange...  43.761 
Elizabeth  88.830 

Greensboro    .  .    20.171 
High  Point.  .  .    13.439 
New  Bern  10.509 
Raleigh    .        .  .   20  274 

Port  Huron..  .  *  18,863 
Saginaw   56.469 

Wilmington    .  .    30.400 
Winston-Salem.  33,136 

226 


North  Dakota. 
Fargo   17.87*3 
Grand  Forks..   16.342 

Ohio. 
Akron    93,604 

Pennsylvania. 
Allentown   ....   65,109 

Wilkinsburg    .    23,899 
Williamsport    .  34,123 
York    52.770 
•Population  in  1910, 
showing  decrease  from 
1900;       no       estimate 
since. 
Rhode  Island. 
Central  Falls..   26,101 
Cranston    26,773 
Cumberland    ..   10,968 
E.  Providence.    18,485 
Lincoln                  10  473 

Vermont. 
Barre  12,401 

Beaver  Falls...    13.749 
Bethlehem  14.353 
Braddock             '2°  060 

Burlington    .  .  .    21,802 
Rutland   15,038 

Virginia. 
Alexandria  ...    17,939 
Danville   20183 
Lynchburg    ...    33^97 
Newport  News  22,622 
Norfolk'  91  148 

Alliance  19,581 

Bradford            *14  544 

Ashtabula  ....   22,008 
Barberton    ....   14,187 
Bellaire                 14  575 

Bristol  ..           .10  826 

Butler                    28  677 

Carbondale   ...   19,597 
Carlisle  10,795 

Cambridge   .  .  .    13,804 

Chillicothe   ...    15,625 
Cincinnati    .  .  .414,2^8 
Cleveland   692,259 
Columbus    .  .  .  220,1  35 
Coshocton  ....    11,887 
Dayton    128,9.39 
E.    Cleveland..    13,864 
E.   Liverpool..    22,941 
Elyria    19,508 

Chambersburg  .   12,475 
Charleroi   12,304 
Chester                 41  857 

Petersburg   ...   25,817 
Portsmouth    ..  40,693 
Richmond    ...158,702 
Roanoke  46,282 
Staunton    11,823 

Washington. 
Aberdeen    21,392 
Belling-ham    ...  34,362 

Newport  30,585 

Coatesville    ...   14,998 
Columbia     ....   11.454 
Connellsville    .    15.876 
Dickson  City..    12,530 
Du  Bois  .     .       14  994 

Pawtucket    .  .  .    60,666 
Providence  ...259,805 
Warwick    30.507 
Woonsocket   ..   45,365 
South  Carolina. 
Anderson    12,687 
Charleston    ...   61,041 
Columbia    35,165 
Greenville    .  .  .    18,574 
Spartanburg  ..   21,985 
South  Dakota. 
Aberdeen  15,926 
Sioux  Falls...   16,266 
Tennessee. 
Chattanooga    .    61,575 
Jackson    17,946 

Dunmore  21,286 

Fostoria   ....   10959 

Duquesne   20.644 
Easton    30,854 
Edwardsville   .    10,771 
Erie  76,592 

Hoquiam   12230 
Seattle    366,445 

Fremont                11  034 

Hamilton    41,338 

Spokane  157656 

Ironton  14,079 
Lakewood  ....   23,813 
Lancaster    16,086 
Lima                      37  145 

Franklin    11,555 
Gr.Punxsut'ney  10,745 
Greensburg   ...   15.881 
Harrisburg   ...    73.276 
Hazleton   28.981 
Homestead    ...   23.071 
Johnstown   ...    70,473 
Lancaster  51,437 
Lansford  10,825 

Vancouver   .  .  .    13,805 
Walla    Walla..    26,057 
Yakima    22.058 

Lorain   38,266 
Mansfield   23,051 
Marietta    *14,785 
Marion                  24  1°9 

West  Virginia. 
Bluefield    ..    ..   16  123 

Johnson    11,885 

Charleston    .  .  .    31,060 
Clarksburg    .  .    12,960 
Fairmont    ....    16,111 
Huntington    .  .    47,686 
Martinsbwrg    .    12.984 
Morgantown    .    14,444 
Moundsville  ..    11,513 
Parkersburg  ..    21.059 
Wheeling  ....    43.657 

Wisconsin. 
Appleton   18.085 
Ashland    .          *11  594 

Martins  Ferry.  10,135 
Massillon   15,509 
Middletown  ...   16,384 
Mount   Vernon  10,877 
New  Phil'delp'a  10,133 
Newark  30,317 

Knoxville  59,112 
Memphis  151,877 

Lebanon  20,947 

Nashville   118,136 
Texas. 
Abilene    .  .        .14  954 

Lewistown    ...   11,126 
McKees  P.ocks.  20,795 
McKeesport    .  .    48,299 
Mahanoy  City.  17,709 
Meadville  13,968 
Monessen    23,070 
Mount  Carmel.  20,709 
Nanticoke   ....   23,811 
New  Castle....   41,915 
Norristown  .  .  .    31,969 
N.  Braddock...   15,684 
Oil    City                20  162 

Amarillo    20,882 
Austin   35612 

Norwood   20,269 
Piqua    14,275 
Portsmouth  ...   29,356 
Sandusky    20,226 
Spring-field   ...    62,296 
Steubenville  ..    28,259 
Tiffin                      10  989 

Beaumont    .  .  .    28,851 
Brownsville    ..    13,590 
Cleburne    12,553 
Corpus    Christi  10,789 
Corsicana   10,066 
Dallas                  1°9  738 

Beloit   18i547 

Toledo  202,010 
Warren   1-3,  .308 
Youngstown  ..112,282 
Zanesville    ....   31.320 
•Population  in  1910, 
showing1  decrease  from 
1900:       no      estimate 
since. 
Oklahoma. 
Ardmorp  10,963 

Denison  ..        .   14964 

Eau  Claire..  .  .    18,887 
Fond  du  Lac.  .    21,486 
Green  Bay  30,017 
Janesville    .  .  .    14,411 
Kenosha   32,833 
LaCrosse  31,833 

El   Paso  69,149 
Fort   Worth...  109,597 
Galveston    42,650 
Greenville    .  .  .    10,301 
Houston   116,878 

Old  Forg-e  15,479 
Olyphant   10,200 
Philadelphia.1,735,514 
Phoenix                  11  871 

Pittsburgh'    ...586,196 
Pittston                 18  975 

Laredo    15,894 
Marshall    14,076 

Madison   31,315 
Manitowoc   ...  13,931 
Mnrinette   •  14,610 
Milwaukee  ..  .445,008 
Oshkosh     36,549 
Racine   47,465 
Sheboygan  .  .  .    28,907 
Superior    47,167 
Wausau    19.666 
•Population  in  1910, 
showing  decrease  from 
1900:.     no      estimate 
since. 
Wyoming. 
Cheyenne    *11,320 
Sheridan    13,407 
•Population  in  1910. 
showing  decrease  from 
1900:       no      estimate 
since. 

stimates.] 
Year.           Pop. 
(1913       348  130 

Plymouth  19,439 
Pottstown   16,987 
Pottsville             2°  717 

Palestine  12,075 
Paris    12,663 
San   Angelo...*10,321 
San    Antonio.  .128,215 
Sherman    13,848 
Temple                  13  904 

Chickasha  ..   .   16,234 
Enid   21,356 
Guthrie   >  12,098 

Reading-    111,607 
Scranton    149,541 
Shamokin    ....   21,274 
Sharon                   19  156 

McAlester    ....   19,398 
Muskogee  47,173 
Oklahoma  City  97.588 
Sapulpa    13,678 

Texarkana    .  .  .  13,099 
Tvler  ..            .    12,101 

thenandoah    ..   29,753 
.    Bethlehem.    24.886 

Waco  34.015 
Wichita  Falls.    12,749 
•Population  in  1910. 
showing  decrease  from 
1900;       no      estimate 
since. 
Utah. 
Ogden                    32  343 

Shawnee    19,051 

TnlQa                           3°  ^07 

unbury    16,661 

Oregon. 
Astoria  10,487 

Tamaqua    11.062 
Taylor  12  563 

Uniontown  ...    21.600 
Warren  15,083 
Washing-ton  .  .    22,076 
West  Chester..    13,403 
Wilkes-Barre    .  78,334 

Eugene   ..         .    14,257 

Medf  ord                14  932 

Portland    308,399 
Salem  21,274 

Provo   ...        .    10  923 

Salt  LakeCity.121,623 

LARGEST  CITIES 

[Population  according-  to  latest  ce 
City.                Year.           Pop.            City.                "5 
Aachen                1910       156  143      Amoy 

OF  THE  WORLD. 

tisus  reports  or  official  e 
fear.           Pop.           City. 
1917       114,000      Bahiat 
19111       152,756     Baku 
1917       640,993      Baltim 
1912       312.884     Bangal 
L913       162.482      Bangkc 
1917       120,000     Barcelc 
1907      H67.479     Baredllj 
1917       196  144     Bari 

Aberdeen   1918       166564      AmHtsar 

1913       237000 

Adelaide*    1917      2 
Agra                     1911       1 

25,317      Amsterdam    ... 
85.449      Antwerp    
15.835      Astrakhan    .... 
06.632      Asuncion  

yre          .1917       594.637 
ore          .1911       189,485 
k    .        .1910       628,675 
na          .1917       621.419 
r    ..        .(1911       129.462 
1915       109  218 

Ahmedabad  ...1911       2 
Albany    1917       1 
Aleppot    1912       2 

50.000      Athens    
44.617      Atlanta  
72.397      Auckland  
71.697      Augsburg    
72,628     Bagdad   .. 

Alexandria   ....1917      4 
Alg-er    1911       1 
Allahabad    ....1911       1 
Altona    .        ...1910      1 

1916       133.712     Banner 
1910       102.487     Basel 
1912       225.000     Batavij 

i  1910       169.214 
...1918       137100 

i    .      ...1915       138.551 

ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


227 


City.                Year.           Pop. 
Beirutt                 1912       150  000 

City.                Year.           Pop. 
Erfurt                  1910       111  463 

City.                Year.           POP. 
Lynn                     1917       104  534 

Belem    Braziit  1913       275,167 

Essen   1910       294,653 

Lyons    1911       523796 

Belfast            .   .1917       393,000 

Fall    River  1917       129,828 

Madras                 1911       518  660 

Benares           ..1911       203.804 

Ferrara     1915       102,550 

Madrid                 1917       648  760 

Berlin                   1910  2  071,257 

Florence    1915       242,147 

Madura               '1911       134  130 

Bern                 ...1918       105,000 

Fort  Worth  ...1917       109,597 

Magdeburg1         1910       279  629 

Bilbao     ........1917       100,461 

Frankfort  1910       414,576 

Mainz                   1910       110  634 

Birmingham, 

Fuchowt    1912       624,000 

Malaga   1917      140975 

Eng-        1914      870,211 

Fukuoka     1916       101,100 

Malmo                 1917      112  521 

Binni  rig-ham, 
Ala                ...1917       189,716 
Bochutn.  1910       136,931 

Gelsenkirchen  .1910       169,513 
Geneva    1918       139,500 
Genoa    1915       300,139 

Manchester, 
England   -1917       660,143 
Mandalay           1911       138  299 

Bogota    .        ...1912       139,237 

Ghent    1912       167477 

Manila                 1910       ^34  409 

Bologna    1915       189.770 

Glasg-ow     .     ...1918  1,111,428 

Mannheim          1910       193  902 

Bolton  1911       180,851 
Bombay    .1911       979,445 

Gomel    1913       104.582 
Goteborg-             1917       196  994 

Marseilles     ....1911       550,619 
Meerut                '1911       116  °27 

Bordeaux    1911       261,678 
Boston    1917       767,813 

Grand  Rapids.  .1917       132,861 
Grazt      1914       156500 

Melbourne    ....1917      708,240 
Memphis             1917       151  877 

Bradford    1917       266,338 

Guadalajara       1910       118  799 

Messina               1915       150  000 

Bremen    .      ...1910       247,437 

Guayaquil          1915       105  000 

Breslau     !.:....  1910       512,105 

Hakodate    1916       102400 

Milan     1915       663,059 

BcSOTt'.....1917       124.724 

Halifax,    Eng-..  1914       100,701 
Halle    1910       180,843 

Milwaukee    ....1917       445,008 
Minneapolis  ...1917       373,448 

Brighton.    Eng.1917       113,635 

Minsk            .  .  1913       117  600 

Brisbane*    '1917       173.504 
Bristol.     Eng-...1917       334,814 
Brunnf    1914       131,800 

Germany   ....1910       101,703 
Hamburg-    1910      931,035 
Hang-chowt         1917       684  137 

Montevideo    ...1918      378,993 
Montreal   1910.       470,480 
Moscow               1915   1  817  100 

Brunswick   ....1910       143.552 

Brussa. 

Hankowf   ...I'.!  1917  l,32l',284 
Hanover              1910       302  375 

Mukden    1911       158,132 
Mulheim             1910       112  580 

Turkeyf     ....1912       110,000 
Brussels*   1912       663,647 

Hartford    1917       112,831 
Havana    1916       360,517 

Munich  1910       596,467 
Murcia    1917       133,012 

Bucharest   1917       308,628 
Budapest   1910       880,371 

Havre    1911       136,159 
Helsingiors    ...1915       176,521 

Nag-asaki  1916      136,800 
Nag-oya  .  .  .      1916      389  272 

Buffalo                1916      475,781 

Hiroshima    ....1916       167,400 

Nagpur    1911       101,415 

Cairo    Egrpt...l917       790,939 
Calcutta*      ....1911   1,122,313 
Cambridge.                         HAOQQ 

Hongkong-  1911       366,145 
Houston     1917       116,873 
Huddersfield    ...1914       111,031 
Hull    1914       287,472 

Nancy    1911       119,949 
Nankingrt    1917       377,459 
Nantes    1911       170,535 
Naples     1915       697,917 

Camden    1917       108,117 
Cantont    1917      900,000 
n^T-Hiff                  1  Q1  7       169440 

Hyderabad    ....1911       500,623 
Indianapolis    ..1917       283,622 
Irkutsk  1913       129,760 

Nashville    1917       118,136 
Neukolln.    Ger.1910       237,289 
Newark.    N.  J..1917      418,789 

Carlsruhe     ....1910       134,331 
Cartag-ena     ....1910       102,542 
Onssel                    1910       153  196 

Ivanovo    1910       168,498 
Jaipur   1911       137,098 
Jersey    City....  1917      312,557 

New   Bedford..  1917      12-1,622 
Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne    1913       266,551 

Catania  '".'..'.  '...1915       217'.389 

Johannesburg-  .1918       255,000 

New  Haven  ...1917      152,275 

Cawnpore   .....1911       178,557 
Changshat    ....1917       53o,800 

Jubbulpore    ...1911       100,651 
Kanazawa, 
Japan               '1916       129  100 

New  Orleans...  1917       377,016 
New  York  ....1917  5,737,492 
Nice                      1911       142  940 

Charlottenburgl910       30o,978 
Chemnitz     1910       287,807 
Chicagot              1917   2  547,201 

Kansas  City....  1917       305,816 
Kansas  City,Ks.l917       102,096 

Nikolayer     ....1913      106,279 
Ningpot    1912      350,000 

Ohinkiangf  ....1917       168.309 
Christiania  ....1918       259,445 
Chung-kingt   ...1917       425,000 
Cholon    1915       168.100 
Cincinnati     ....1917       414,248 

Karachi    1911       151,903 
Kazan    1913       195,300 
Kharkov    1913       258,360 
Kiel  1910       2.11,627 
Kiev     1913       610,100 

Nizhni-Novgorod 
1913       112,300 
Norwich.  Eng-..1917       109.877 
Nottingham    ..1917      236.85a 
Nurnberg-    1910       333,142 
Oakland               1917       206405 

Cleveland    1917       69-3.  2r>9 
Colog-ne    1910       516,527 
Colombo               1011       213  396 

Hull    1917      246,357 
Kishinev    1913       128,700 

Odessa   1912       631.04O 
Oldham    1917      133,721 

Kobe  1916       498,315 

Omaha    .        ..1917       177777 

Kokand               1911       118  854 

Omsk                   1913       135  800 

Konigsberg-     ..  1910       245,994 

Oporto  1911       194,009 

Kure                     1916       135  900 

Oran                     1911       123086 

Kvoto    .,         ...1916       539,153 

Orenburg-  1913       146,800 

Lahore            .     1911       228  687 

Osaka    .  ..          1916   1  460  218 

Cracowt               1914       171  000 

La   Pazt  5915       100.097 

Padua    1915       105.135 

Cre-feld                 1910       129  406 

La   Plata  1912       106,382 

Palermo     1915       345.891 

Dacca  1911       108,551 

Lawrence, 

Paris    1911   2,888.110 

DtiiTs.  ::;...  .1917    129,758 

Mass  1917       102,923 
Leeds   1914       457,507 

Paterson    1917       140,512 
Pa,tua    1911       136,153 

Danzig-    .        ...1910       170,337 

Leicester   .1917      212,433 

Pekin    1917  1,000,000 

Davton                 1917       i28,939 

Leipsic    1910       589,850 

Perm    1913       105,410 

Delhi    1911       232,837 

Lembergt    1914       212,000 

Pernambucot  .1913       216,484 

Denver    1917      268,439 
Des  Moines....l917       104.052 
Detroit    1917       619.648 

Lille    1911       217,807 
Lima    1913       143.500 
Lisbon    .        ...1911       435,359 

Australia  ....1917       130,000 
Petrograd    1915   2,318.645 
Philadelphia     .1917   1,735.514 

Dresden       1910      548,308 

Liverpool    .  ...1917       716,140 

Pingyangt     ....1912       146,000 

Dublin                  1917       393000 

Livorno    1915       108.585 

Pittsburgh     ...1917      586.196 

•niviaVvYiTvr                   IQIrt          OOQ  4.8"* 

Lodz                     1913       4>15  604 

Plauen                 1910       121  272 

Dundee    1918      181.777 
Dusseldorf    ....1910       358,728 
Dvinsk    .        ...1910       110,912 
Edinburg-h    ....1918      333,883 
viv.o~fai/l               1  Q1  O        1  7O  1  95 

London.Greaterl917   6.726,753 
Los    Angeles...  191  7      535,485 
Louisville   1917      240.808 
Lowell    1917       114,306 
Lucknow   1911       259.798 

Plymouth,  Eng.1917       179.375 
Poona    1911       158.856 
Port  au  Princel912       100.000 
Porto    Alegret.1913       150.343 
Posen  1910      156.691 

228 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


City.               Year. 
Portland.  Ore..  1917 
Portsmouth. 
England     ....1917 
Praguef    ..  ••    1914 

POP. 
308.399 

198,527 
541,500 
118,118 
259,895 
101,214 
179,600 
293.310 
lid,  607 
115.178 
137,600 
158,702 
569,100 
1,128,637 
264,714 
590,960 
222,592 
204,725 
640,993 
122.723 
124,987 
105,089 
100,000 
148,656 
768.630 
252.465 
232.970 
120,904 
160,000 
121.623 
144.000 
128,215 
471,023 
397,550 
450,000 
100.600 
235,300 
172.823 
149,541 

City.                Year. 
Seattle    1917 

Pop. 
366,445 
104,700 
278,958 
164.322 
1,000,000 
469,293 
303,321 
375,000 
156,752 
118,378 
102,812 
122.577 
110.604 
157,656 

108.668 
126,344 
236.113 
413,163 
124,326 
239,515 
178,891 
286,218 
500,000 
152.436 
114.863 
114,663 
777,300 
158,559 
118.328 
200,000 
117,446 
272.300 
350.000 
344.636 
800,000 
327,800 
2,349,830 
202.010 
116.664 

City.                Year. 
Toronto             .1911 

376,538 
104.582 
149.576 
113,974 
122.028 
246,500 
100.817 
140,620 
277.083 
451.994 
106,200 
135,368 
245.871 
201,507 
100,401 
168,038 
2,149,800 
204.220 
108.900 
909,491 
369.282 
100,000 
294.476 
109,002 
109,716 
136.035 

166,106 
108,610 
120,400 
107,360 
220,446 
428.663 
103,  066 
112,282 

124.455 
213,900 

Estimated. 

Sendai     .        ...1916 

Toulon    1911 

Seoul    1912 

Toulouse     1911 
Trenton               1917 

Seville                 1917 

Preston    1914 

Shang-hait  1917 
Sheffield      .  .    1917 

Trichinopoly     .1911 
Trieste!               1914 

Providence  —  1917 
Puebla    1910 

Singapore    1911 
Smyrnat    1912 

Tsaritsyn 

Puket                  1910 

Tula        .            1913 

Rangroon           .  1911 

Soerabaya    1915 
Soerakarta   ....1915 
Sofia     1910 

Tunist      1911 

Reading-.  Pa....  1917 
Reims                  1911 

Turin                   1915 

Ufa     1913 
Utrecht    1917 

Reval     1913 

Southampton  .1914 
South    Shiedds.1914 
Spokane    1917 

Richmond    ....1917 
Rigra                     1913 

Valencia             191  7 

Valparaiso    ...1916 
Vancouver   ....1911 
Venice    1915 

Rio  de  Janeiro  1911 
Rochester,  N.Y.1917 
Rome                   1915 

Spring-field 
Mass    .1917 

Srinagrar             1911 

Vienna                1914 

Rosariot    1918 
Rostov-on.-Don.1913 
Rotterdam   ....1917 
Roubaix    191CL 

Stettin             ...1910 

Vilna                   1913 

Stockholm   ....1917 
Stockport    1914 
St<oke-on-Trent  1  9  14 
Strassfourg   —  1910 
Stuttg-art     1910 
Suchowf    1917 
Sunderland    ...1914 
Siirat                  .1911 

Vitebsk    ....     1913 

Warsaw     1913 
Washington    ..1917 
Wenchowf    ....1912 
West    Ham  1914 
Wiesbaden   ....1910 
Wilmersdorf   ..1910 
Winnipeg-    1911 
Worcester, 
Masis*                1917 

Rouen                 1911 

Saarbrucken     .1910 
Saigon                1915 

St.  Etienne   ...1911 
St.    Louis  1917 
St    Paul              1917 

Swansea     1911 
Sydney.N.S.W.*1917 
Syracuse    1917 

Salford   .         ..1914 

Saliany,     Rusi..  19-13 
Salonikif   ..        1913 

Wuhut    1917 
Yaroslav   1913 
Yekaterinodar.1913 
Yekaterinoslav.1912 
Yokohama  ....1916 
Yonkers        ..    1917 

Szeg-ed  a910 
Tabrizt   1918 
Tacoma               1917 

Salt  Lake  City.1917 
Samara               1913 

San    Antonio..  1917 
San  Francisco.  1917 
Santiago,  Chilel916 
Sao    Paulot....l911 
Sapporo              1916 

Tashkent  1913 
Teherant   1918 
The  Hagrue   ...1917 
Tientsint   1912 
Tiflis                    1913 

Youngstown  ..1917 
Zarog-oza, 
Spain               1917 

Saratov    1913 

Tokyo    1917 

Zurich    1918 
*With  suburbs,   tl 

Schoeneberg-   ..1910 
Scranton   1917 

Toledo                 1917 

Tomsk    .        ...1913 

RANK  OF  LARGEST  CITIES. 


opulation. 
6,726,753 
5.737,492 
2,888,110 
2,547,201 
2.318,645 

City. 
Tokyo    (1916)  

Rank.  Population. 
6          2.244,796 

Vienna     (1914) 

7          2,149  800 

Berlin    (1910) 

.    R             9.  f»71   9.S7 

*  Greater.     Estimated  civil  population  in  1917. 
tWithin  limits. 

City  Ran 

London*     1 

New  Yorkf   (1917) 2 

Paris    (1911) 3 

Chicag-o     (1917) 4 

Petrograd    U915) 5 


WORLD'S  IRON  AND  STEEL  OUTPUT. 

[From  the  London  ^Economist,  May  31.  1919.] 

United  United 

kingdom.        States.        Germany.* 
Year.  Pig-  Iron.  Long-  tons.     Lone"  tons.  Metric  tons. 

1900 t 8.960,000    13,789,000       8.521,000 

1905 ,  9.608.000     22,992.000     10.988,000 

1910 10.012,000 

1911 

1912 

1913 , 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

Steel. 

1900 

1905 

1910 , 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 , 

1917 

1918 

*  Including-  Luxemburg-  up  to  October.  1918.  I  emburg-.     Saar    district,     and    the 
•The    returns    lor    November    and    December,    Lorraine    province.      tNo   return. 
1918.  do  not  include  the  production  ol  Lux-  |  steel  castings. 


27,304,000  14.793,000 

9,526,000  23,650,000  15,534,000 

8  751,000  29,727,000  17,753,000 

10.'260,000  30.966,000  19,292,000 

8,924.000  23.332,000  14,392,000 

8.794,000  29,916,000  11.790,000 

9.048,000  39.435,000  13,285,000 

9.420,000  38,621,000  13,142,000 

9,066,000  39.052,000  *11.590.000 

4.901.000  10,188,000  6.646,000 

5,812,000  20,024,000  10.067,000 

6,374,000  26,095.000  13,699,000 

6,462.000  23.676,000  15.019;000 

6.796,000  31.261,000  17.302.000 

7,664,000  31.301,000  18.959,000 

7.885,000  23,513.000  14.973,000 

t  8,550, 000  32,151.000  13.258.000 

1 9.196.000  42.774,000  16.183,000 

$9,804.000  45.061,000  16.587,000 

t  9.591,000  45.073,000  *14. 874,000 


France. 
Metric  tons. 
2,714.000 
3.077,000 
4.032,000 
4,426,000 
4.939.000 
5,207,000 
t 
t 

1.447.000 
1,684.000 
1.297.000 

1.565,000 
2,240,000 
3,390.000 
3,681,000 
4.428,000 
4.687,000 
t 

1.952,000 
2.232,000 
1.912,000 
disannexed 
t  Including- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


229 


DISTANCES    BETWEEN    AMERICAN    CITIES. 

By  the  shortest  usually  traveled  railroad  routes.     [Compiled  from  the  war  department's  official 

table  of  distances.] 


FROM  8^ 

New  York. 

Chicago. 

4 

Xi 

St.  Louis. 

a 

Baltimore 

Cleveland 

n 

I* 

gl 

CO 

,-a 

I5 

ll 

0 

Milwau- 
kee. 

New  Or- 
leans. 

Washing- 
ton. 

i. 

1      , 

To 
Albany  

Mis. 
145 

876 
188 

21  r 

442 
912 

Mis. 
832 

'525 

MIS. 
236 
785 
97 
321 
416 
821 
666 
493 
546 
1,843 
669 
1,300 
2.219 
1.691 
815 
2,361 
734 
892 
1.251 
3,058 
780 
1,066 
906 
1.241 
1,140 
477 
8: 

2,315 
1,314 

'"353 
436 
3,113 
28 
62 
25 
36 
1,30 
97 
1.23 
1,85 
3,09 
3.0(iC 
2,72 
23 
1,10 
61 
13 

Mis. 
1,028 
611 
934 
1,230 
731 
284 
341 
548 
428 
916 
488 
728 
1,245 
860 
465 

1 

2.084 
274 
311 
369 
586 
647 
1,051 
1.056 
1.141 
699 
1,065 
1  414 

Mis. 
202 

"499 
1,034 
926 
682 
820 
2.056 
750 
1.513 
2.414 
2,012 
878 
2,574 
965 
1,213 
1.466 
3.273 
1,040 
1.387 
1,119 
1,454 
1.461 
330 
221 

160' 
217 
2.528 
1,52" 
32 
674 
11 
3,32 
4 
402 
57i 

1.28 

1.44 
2.15C 
3,306 
3.2T 
2,934 
91 
1,42 
79 
45. 

Mis. 
333 
688 

"iis 

398 
802 
593 
474 
511 
1,850 
649 
1.281 
2.179 
1,594 
796 

H 

1,211 
3,018 
705 
969 
887 
1,222 
1,043 
574 
179 
264 
1,184 
188 
2,2% 
1,295 

531 
3,094 
378 
718 
155 
354 
1,26 
934 
1,21 
1,755 
3.07 
2.94 
2.70- 
32 
1.00 
59 
4 

Mis. 
480 
736 
474 
682 
183 
357 
244 

"138 
1,379 
173 
701 
1,703 
1,408 
332 
1,897 
283 
1,085 
755 
2,562 
358 
738 
442 
777 
1,029 
623 

1 

1,851 
1,750 
493 
135 
797 
2,649 
682 
795 
553 
251 
875 
548 
76" 
1,468 
2.63 
2.59< 
2,25- 
583 
1,29- 
113 
43" 

Mis. 
297 
919 
3i« 
499 

"525 
427 
183 
321 
1.537 
251 
1,004 
1.915 
1,591 
379 
2,065 
466 
1,193 
967 
2,774 
541 
921 
610 
945 
1,212 
434 
405 
445 

2,01t 
1,018 
416 
270 
614 
2,817 
499 
612 
553 
68 
1,058 
731 
935 
1.651 
2,799 
2.7t>4 
2,425 
400 
1,405 
296 
438 

Mis. 
3.106 
2,805 
3.076 
3.308 
2,799 
2,274 
2.572 
2.631 
2.588 
1.371 
2,546 
2.238 
1.287 
2.157 
2.452 
1.250 
2.457 
3.098 
1,981 
475 
2.468 
2.439 
2.359 
2.096 
2.623 
3.115 
3.177 
3.254 
2.4J 

1.781 
3.09; 

3.30* 
3.281" 
3,153 
2.877 
1.867 
2,194 
2.08fe 
1,91 

'"957 
l,20a 
3.20^ 
3.31 

Mis. 
567 
805 
334 
674 
270 
468 
313 
135 

947 

1,866 
1,481 
462 
2,008 
381 
1,057 
898 
2,705 
427 
807 
55S 

'704 
435 
520 
1,142 
444 
1.982 
961 
353 

'63< 
876 
41" 
338 
948 
621 
878 
1.541 
2.742 
2.707 
2,36* 
58? 
l,26i 
261 
305 

Mis. 
724 
492 
593 
926 
427 
298 

"244 
116 

1,257 
263 
777 
1,586 
1,157 
308 
1,838 
111 
841 

& 

114 

494 
383 
718 
785 
826 
748 
833 
829 

'791 
666 
313 
1.041 
2,590 
926 
1,039 
581 
495 
668 
341 
708 
1,21' 
2.575 
2,53' 
2,19* 
82- 

1,05: 

20-: 

5»; 

Mis. 
917 

IS? 

1,119 
610 

85 
383 
442 
399 

422 
1.550 
1,229 
263 
1,455 
268 
1,182 
543 
2,350 
389 
612 

Mis. 
1,517 
496 
1.184 
1,602 
1,256 
912 
829 
1,073 
935 
1,347 
1.092 
1,447 
1,195 
410 
LOW. 

881 

39t 
997 
1,285 
141 
1,655 
1,363 
1,448 

T.372 
1.89 
1,080 
128 
1,14 
1.71 
2.74 
1.56 
1.827 
1.04t 
1.324 
94 
69J 
1.27c 
57 
2.48', 
2,93 
2.53J 
1,51 
82J 
1.03' 
1.14- 

Mis. 
1,142 
648 
40 
458 
438 
790 
553 
437 
471 
1,810 
655 
1,269 
2,139 
1,554 
764 
2,320 
664 
755 
1,171 
2,978 
663 
929 
875 
1,210 
1,003 
614 

Mis. 
1,252 
1,158 
1,2?2 
1,454 
945 
420 
718 
777 
734 
884 
692 
162 
1,521 
1,840 
598 
1,119 
603 
1,61T 
575 
2,301 
724 
897 
336 

"i',233 

1323 
L400 

l',332 
1,316 
381 
1,241 
888 
1,569 
2042 
1,454 
1,433 
1,299 
1,023 
485 
586 
10 
1.320 
2,096 
1,818 
47S* 
1,355 
1,729 
1.664 
1.210 

Buffalo    

Chicago  

757 

584 
687 
1,934 
693 
1.391 
2.310 

'iff 

2,4o2 
825 
983 
1,342 
3,149 
871 
1,157 
997 
1,332 
1,23 

1( 
1,372 

'2.496 
1,405 
9 
444 
332 
3,20- 

59 
34 
37 
1.392 
1.06 
1.32 
1.94 
3,18f 
3.15 
2,81 
13 

'7ft 
228 

298 
357 
314 
1,022 
272 
479 
1.465 
1,144 
178 
1,540 
183 
1,097 
458 
2,265 
304 
527 

£ 

929 
841 
903 
980 
912 
912 
1,494 
493 
82 

2>29< 
1.034 
1,013 
87S 
603 
470 
284 
410 
1,204 
2,27 
2.23 
1,90* 
935 
1.30- 
24 

Cleveland 

Detroit  

Galveston  
Grand  Rapids.Micb 
Helena  
Indianapolis  

Jacksonville,  Fla... 
Kansas  City     .... 

Los  Angeles  
Louisville  

Milwaukee  
Minneapolis    

335 
1,014 
926 
988 
1,065 
997 
997 
1.579 
578 
906 
553 
1.234 
2.378 
I  J.119 
'  1,098 
964 
688 
555 
8C9 
32o 
1.28 
2.K5 
2.154 
1.81 
1.020 
1.39 
32<) 
87 

Mobile       

Newark,  N.  J  
New  Haven  

219 
304 
1,144 

228 
9& 

'is 

302 
57 
3,08 
41 
78f 
11 
39^ 
1,22 
89 
1.201 
1.71 
»   3.06 
3,0? 
)   2,691 
L      36 
$      96 
>       5'. 
1  

New  York     

Omaha  

413 
974 
621 
1.34S 
2.212 
1.23C 
1,34. 
91g 

327 

92C 
2,liW 
2,335 
1,935 
1.131 
1,18' 
437 
894 

Philadelphia 

Pittsburgh  ,. 
Portland  Me    . 

Portland.  Ore  
Providence  
Quebec  

Richmond,  Va  
Rochester,  N.  Y.... 
St.  Joseph,  Mo  
St  Louis  

St.  Paul  

San  Antonio  

San  Francisco  
Seattle 

Spokane 

Springfield.  Mass.. 
Tampa,  Fla..;  
Toledo  

Wnshington  

DISTANCES    BETWEEN 

To  Principal  European  Ports. 
Distances  in  nautical  miles  traversed  by  full 
powered  steamships   in   traveling-  from  Boston. 
New  York.  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore  to  Lon- 
don, Liverpool.  Glasgow,  Antwerp,  Hamburg  and 
Havre  by  northern  and  southern  routes.   [Com- 
puted by  United  States  hydrographic  office.] 
From—                                                North-  South- 
Boston  (Boston  lightship)  to—            ern.      ern. 
London   3.139    3.258 
Liverpool    2.896    3.033 

*    GR 

Fn 

GlE 

An 
Phil 
Ha 
Ha 
Balti 
Lo 
Lh 
Gls 
An 
Ha 
Ha 

Glas 
Mo 

St. 
Bo 

Ne 
Ph 
Ba 

Ne 

Ga 

EAT 

jm  — 
sg-ow 
twerp 
idelpl 
mbur 
vre    . 

SEAPORTS. 

No 
• 
...3 

rth-i 
rn. 
132 
501 
to— 
763 
307 

606 
363 
282 
651 
913 
457 
s. 

864 
673 
776 
951 
104 

South- 
ern. 
3.295 
3.611 

3,873 
3.417 

3.716 
3.491 
3.445 
3.761 
4,023 
3.567 

2.864 
2.830 
2.934 
3.099 
3.252 
3.406 
3,283 
4.532 
4.708 

3 

iia  (Market  street  wharf) 
?                                                3 

3 

more 
ndon 
rerpoc 
sg-ow 
twerp 
mbur 
vre    . 
I 
row  ( 
ntrea 
John 
ston 
w  Yo 
iladel 
timor 
wport 
w  Orl 
Ivesto 

(the  basin)  to  — 
3 

i  .:::.::::::::..:::::'& 

3. 
3. 

Antwerp     3.1 
Hamburg-    3.4< 
""  Havre                                                    2  fl 

34     3.303 
16    3.565 
30    3,109 
L3    3.423 
70    3.198 
S9    3.152 
58    3.468 
?0     3.730 
34    3,274 
to— 
56    3.566 
L3    3.341 

?   ... 

'rom 
Green 
1  by  s 
,  Ne\ 
(navy 
rk   (t 
ahia 

Othei 
ock  ) 
outh 
f  Brv 
yarc 
he  BE 

3. 
3. 
•  European  Port 
to— 
of  Cape  Race.2. 
nswick  2, 
)  2. 

New  York  (the  Battery)  to—  Londo 

ti.3.3 
.3.0 
..2.9 

Gla  sg-ow    

Hamburg"     

.3.6 
3  1 

ittery)  2. 

Havre     

Q 

Philadelphia    (Market  street  wharf) 
London    3.4 
Liverpool    .                                     ...3.2 

News  J  3.135 
eans  4.486 
n    .                                     ,...4.662 

230 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


From—                                                North-  South- 
Southampton    to—                                 ern.      ern. 
Montreal  3059    3059 

all-water  routes.    [From  "Transportation  Routes 
and  Systems  of  the  World."  by  O.  P.  Austin  of 
the  bureau  of  statistics,  Washington.  D.  C.] 

St.  John,  New  Brunswick  2,817    2,923 

New        New          San   Pt  Town- 

Boston    (navy  yard)                 .         2  920    3  027 

New  York  (the  Battery)  3,095    3,192 

Aden   '                .   6.532      7,870*    11,500    'll,300 

Philadelphia    3  248    3,345 

Antwprn                 3  358      4  853      13  671      14  446 

Baltimore    3,402    3,499 

Batavia     '      *"lo'l8°   11598        7800        7600 

Newport    News  ,  3,279    3,376 

Rnmbav  "             8'l°0      9536        9780        9580 

New  Orleans  4  620    4,625 

Brest         '              °'954      4*458      13>009      13  984 

Galveston                                             4  796    4  801 

"Rnonr>c"Ai:rpc  '  "     ^'fifiS        6*318            7*511            8*286 

Bremen  to  —  Montreal    3.534    3,534 
St.  John,   New  Brunswick  3,292    3,398 

Calcutta                 9  830   11,239        8,990        8,896 
Callao    ..      .::.   9.603   10.142        4,012        4,769 

Boston    (navy   yard)..               ...3.395    3.502 

Cinp   Tnwn           6815      7374      10454      11,229 

New  York   (the  Battery)  3570    3,667 

Colombo             '    S'610   10*146        8900        8700 

Philadelphia    *  3'.723    3,820 

'    l'981      1*380      *3*324      *4.090 

Baltimore    .,                                3,877    3,851 

rVhrpltVr'"     '    S*°07     4*576     12734     13,509 

Newport    News                                   3  754    3,851 

wSSHJ  3620     5*^43      13998     14773 

New    Orleans  5.095    5,100 

'    1227        '597      12*900      13,675 

Galveston    5.271    5,276 

Havre  .  :::::::  3:i<8  4,760  13:307  14,082 

Hotterdam  to—  Montreal    3.293    3,293 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick  3051    3,157 

-iV§S  i§-?8    i'8S?    I:I?8 

Boston   (navy  yard)                         3  154    3,261 

Liv^rnool  3  070     4553      13503      14*278 

New  York   (the  Battery)  ..        ...3.329    3,426 

Manila             '"ll*556   12*946        6*,289        5,993 

Philadelphia    .                                 ..3482    3,579 

Makefiles  3876      5*66      13324      14,099 

Baltimore                                             3  636    3  733 

TVfpi>»mirnp  '  "    1°  670   12933        7040        7,311 

Newport   News..                          ...3.513    3,610 

Naples                   4  172     5  561     13,699     14,474 

New  Orleans..    .    .                         ..4854    4,859 

isr^w  nripnns        1  741                    13  539     14,298 

Galveston   5.030    5,035 

New    York                        "i*74i     13,089     13,848 

Copenhagen  (via  English  channel)  to  — 

Nome            .V.'ilK^O   16!249        2,705 

Montreal    .  .                                         3  834    3  834 

rMttaiL                    fS  370      6  760      14  897      15,672 

St    John    New  Brunswick               3  592    3  698 

Pprnambnoo'''   3696     3969        9439      10214 

Boston    (navy  yard)      3.695    3.802 

SSSSad             1              6223   1  14960   f!5  730 

New  York   (the  Battery)                3  870    3  967 

Port  Said    5122     6509      12810     12,610 

Philadelphia..                              ...4.023    4.120 

Baltimore    .                                         4  177    4,274 

Pnnta  Arena        6  890      7340         6199        6,958 

Newport  News                                    4  054    4  151 

Eunta  Arenas.    b.»90  ^.||^        °'377       4  Q53 

New  Orleans...                                 .5,395    5,400 

R?n  d£  Janeiro    4778     5  218        8*339       9,114 

Galveston      ...                                  5  571    5  576 

Sn  Franriseo   13  089  13  539    .                         775 

Marseilles  to  Montreal                       3  873    3  873 

n  iS?  P  R     14*8      1  539      l2i99     12,974 

St.  John,  New  Brunswick  3.605    3,620 
Boston    (navy  yard)  3.708    3.724 

If!  Ill 

New  York   (the  Battery)  3.883    3,889 
Philadelphia                                        4  036    4  042 

TShSantPwec  '   1^*036       ±812      1f2.189      H2.964 

Genoa   to—  Montreal..  .                   ...4,040    4.040 

SSSSSSS^        8460     8733        5140        5.902 

St    John   New  Brunswick  3  772    3  787 

Vladivostok"  '17036  17445        4,706        4,357 

Boston    (navy  yard)                         3  875    3  891 

VMltartn?       11  500   11773        5909        6,415 

New  York  (the  Battery)  4,050    4,056 

General  Table. 
Nautical  miles  from  New  York.  New  Orleans, 
San  Francisco  and  Port  Townsend  by  shortest 

Yofohlma    "JjSjSl  liSl        4,536       4,240 
*Via  Panama  canal.    tApproximately.  iEast- 
ern  end  railroad.     Western  end. 

GOVERNMENT    RECLAMATION  PROJECTS  (1918).         ^ 

State.  Project.  192a677 

Arizona.   .* .  ......................  ».Scilt   lviV6r. ....  rt*  f\r\f\ 

Arizona-California    Yuma  HX'eoo 

California Orland  


vaicy.. 

Boise    .........  ......................       3?I'««2 

Idaho  ...........................    King    Hill  ...........................        ^if'flZS 

^Minidoka    ...........................       ^i'SSn 

fHuntley  ................................ 

Milk  river 

* 


Montana 


.. 
Flathead    ..........................       134.500 


Fort  Peck 
Montana-North  Dakota..  ...Lower  Yellowstonj 

Nebraska-Wyoming  ...............  North  Platto 

Nevada    ...............  .  .  Truckee-Carson    .................... 

New  Mexico    .  ...Carlsbad 

New  Mexico-Texas    ...............  Rio  Grande 

North  Dakota  .........  ..  .'  .....  North  Dakota  pumping: 

Oregon    ............................  Umatilla 

Oregon-California   ................  Klamath 

South  Dakota  .........  ..Belle  Fourche  ...................... 

Utah    ..............  ...  Strawberry  valley  ................... 

rOkanogan 

Washine-tnti  Mfakima  —  Storape  unit 

Washington    .........  ...........  J     Sunnyside  unit  ..................... 

_        .  I    Tieton  unit  ........................ 

Wyoming  .........................  Shoshone 


152-?9g 
60.  11' 


nnn 

206,000 

24,775 


26.273 
36.300 
141.682 
97.916 
50.000 
10,099 


110.828 

33,422 

147,228 


Cost.t 

$14.938,400 
9.368,248 
1.020,989 
3.269,388 
7.167,189 
12,470,748 

170,896 
5.884,684 
1,718.480 
5,672,835 
3.458.679 
1,012,645 
3,374,516 

650,442 
2,912,797 
9.357,011 
6,216,635 
1,398,060 
8.140,836 

736,801 
2.377,299 
2,973,054 
3.470,868 
3.469,872 

851,145 
3.744.003 
3,282,142 
3,215.410 
5,528,548 

127,852,619 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


231 


UNITED    STATES   MORTALITY    STATISTICS. 

[Bureau  of  the  census  report.] 


DEATHS    PER    1.000    OF    POPULATION    IN 
THE    REGISTRATION    AREA. 
Annual  average. 
1906-10.1914.1915.1916.1917. 

Registration    area 15.1  13.6  13.5  14.0  14.2 

Registration    states.  ..15.0  13.4  13.3  13.9  14.0 

.3  14.5  14.2  15.0  15.2 

12.3  12.3  12.9  13.0 

The  registration  area  in  1916  included,  twen- 
ty-eight states  and  the  District  of  Columbia, 
containing-  estimated  population  of  75,307,906. 
The  total  number  of  deaths  reported  in  this 
area  in  1917  was  1,066.942. 

In  Registration  States. 
Death  rates  per  1,000  population. 

1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 191?. 

California    14.2  14.5  13.6  13.7  13.5  13.8 

Colorado 11.6   11.5   11.2   11.3   10.3   10.9 


Connecticut    ....14.9  15.0  15.1  14.9  16.J 
Dist.   of  Col 18.3   17.3   16.6   18.1   17.* 


16.5 
17.9 


Indiana    13.0   13.3   12.9   12.7   13.6   14.0 

9.8  10.1   10.9   11.2 


Kentucky    ..I... 12.9  13.1  12.9  12.3  12.6  13.7 

Maine    15.5  15.3   15.1  15.6  15.7  15.0 

Maryland     15.5  16.2  15.9  15.8  16.5  17.1 

Massachusetts    .15.0  15.0  14.7  14.5  15.2  15.0 

Michigan     13.4  13.9  13.4  13.4  15.1   15.2 

Minnesota     9.5  10.4  10.6  10.1  10.7  10.3 

Missouri    .      ...12.6  12.4  12.3  12.1  12.9   13.3 

Montana    10.1   12.0   11.2  11.4  12.6   13.9 

New  Hampshire  16.4  17.1  16.3  16.1  16.1   16.8 

New    Jersey 14.1  14.3  14.2  13.8  15.0  14.5 

New    York 15.0  15.0  14.7  14.6  14.8  14.7 

North  Carolina.  17.3  16.8  19.0  17.3  13.1   14.0 

Ohio    ..              ...13.4   13.8   13.0  13.1  14.4   14.8 

Pennsylvania    ..14.0  14.6   13.9  13.8  14.6  14.8 

Rhode    Island... 15.2  15.0  14.7  14.8  15.5  19.2 

South    Carolina 13.8  14.3 

South    Dakota 

Tennessee    13.4 

Utah     9.9  11.0  10.1  9.9  10.4  10.4 

Vermont    15.2  15.8  15.0  14.7  15.6  15.0 

Virginia    13.9  14.0  14.2  14.7  14.3 


Washington   7.9     8.5     8 


8.1      7.7     7.6 


Wisconsin   ......  11.3  11.5  11.1  10.8  11.8  11.5 

All  reg\  states  14.6  14.7  13.4  13.9  13.9  14.0 
Blanks    indicate    that    the    states    concerned 
were  not  registration  states  in  the  yearns  speci- 
fied. _ 

DEATH  RATES  IN  AMERICAN  CITIES. 

Annual  average  per  1.000  of  population. 

City.  1906-10.1914.1915.1916. 

Albany.  N.  Y  ............  18.6     19.4     20.0     19.3 

Atlanta,   Ga.*  ...........  19.4     16.5     15.1 

Baltimore.  Md.*  ........  19.5     18.1     17.1 

Birmingham.   Ala.*  ........      17.5     15.6 

Boston.  Mass  ...........  17.9     16.1      16.1 

Bridgeport.  Conn  .......  15.5      15.0     15.4 

Buffalo.    N.    Y  ..........  16.0      15.5      14.9 

Cambridge.  Mass  .......  15.1      13.2     13.1 

Chicago.    Ill  .............  14.9     14.2     14.3 

Cincinnati.  0  ...........  18.1      16.0      15.6 

Cleveland.  0  ............  14.1      12.8      13.4 

Columbus.  0  ............  15.1      14.8     14.0 

Dayton,  0  ...............  15.5     13.8     13.6 

Denver.   Col  ............  17.5     13.2     13.3 


. 

15.3 
18.1 
14.1 
16.9 
19.4 


City. 


Detroit,  Mich 14.8 

Fall  River.  Mass 19.7 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich... 13.3 

Indianapolis,  Ind 15.2 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 17.7 

Kansas  City.  Mo 14.6 

Los  Angeles.  Cr.l 14.8 

Louisville.   Ky.* 17.4 

Lowell.  Mass 19.4 


1906-10. 1914.  1915.  1916. 


Memphis,  Tenn.*. 

Milwaukee.   Wis 

Minneapolis,   Minn... 

Nashville.  Tenn.* 

Newark.  N.  J 

New  Haven.  Conn 


20.6 
.13.7 
.11.0 
.19.3 
.17.2 
.17.3 


New  Orleans.  Ln.*...   .21.7 

New  York,  N.  Y 16.9 

Oakland.    Cal 15.4 

Omaha.  Neb 13.8 

Paterson.  N.  J. 15.7 

Philadelphia.   Pa 17.7 

Pittsburgh.   Pa 18.0 

Portland.   Ore 10.3 

Providence,   R.  1 17.6 

Richmond,  Va.* 22.5 

Rochester.  N.  Y 14.7 

St.  Louis,  Mo 15.6 

St.  Paul.  Minn 11.0 

San  Francisco,  Cal 16.1 

Scranton,   Pa 16.3 

Seattle.  Wash 9.8 

Spokane.  Wash 12.8 

Syracuse.  N.  Y 15.2 

Toledo,  0 14.9 

Washington.  D.  C.* 19.6 

Worcester.  Mass 17.1 


17.0 
18.4 
13.9 
10.5 
14.4 
14.5 
16.2 
17.4 
8.0 
15.8 
19.7 
14.4 
14.9 
12.4 
15.4 
14.4 
7.0 
7.0 
15.2 
18.1 
17.8 
17.8 


*Cities  in  which  10  per  cent  or  more  of  the 
population  in  1910  were  colored. 

DEATHS    FROM    CERTAIN    CAUSES.     1917. 

Number   in   registration   area    and   rate    per 
100.000  population. 

Cause.  Number. 


Typhoid    fever 10.095 

2.385 
204 
10,446 
3,125 
7,837 
12,444 
12,967 
8.091 
6.925 
13,223 
61.434 
12,199 


Malaria 

Smallpox  

Measles    ,\. 

Scarlet    fever 

Whooping    cough. 

Diphtheria    

Influenza 


Epidemic  diseases 

Tuberculosis,    lungs 

Tuberculosis,    other 

Cancer     

Diabetes    

Diseases,    nervous 100,304 

Diseases,   circulatory 151.708 

Diseases,     respiratory 133.955 

Diseases,  digestive  109,822 

Suicide    9.996 

Accidental    65,720 

Homicide    5.758 


Rate. 
13.4 
3.2 
0.3 
13.9 
•4.1 
10.4 
16.5 
17.2 
10.7 
128.7 
17.6 
81.6 
16.9 
133.2 
201.5 
177.9 
145.8 
13.2 
87.3 
7.6 


All   causes 1,066,942     1.416.8 


Age.                 Number.  Dist. 

Under  1  year.. 171,024  160.3 

1  year 37.638  35.3 

2  years 16.893  15.8 

3  years 10.520  9.9 

4  years 7,633  7.2 

Under  5 243,708  228.4 

6  to  9 23,070  21.6 

10  to  14 16.086  15.1 

16  to  19 25.728  24.1 


16.1 
13.5 
14.5 
16.4 

J|'|  DEATHS  BY  SEX. 

15.'2    Sex.       Number.    Rate.  I  Sex.       Number.    Rate. 
Male... .585,319    548.6  \  Female.481,632    451.4 


Dist. 

67.7 

69.6 

61.8 

45.4 

23.7 

8.4 

2.0 

0.7 

1.9 


DEATHS   BY   AGE. 
Number  and  distribution  per  1.000. 


Age.  Number. 

20  to  24 38.224 

25   to  29 41,285 

30  to  34 42,984 

35  to  39 47,498 

40  to  44 48.619 

45  to  49 52.445 

50  to  54 57.306 

55  to  59 62.413 

60  to  64 67,496 


Dist.   I     Age.  Number. 

35.8     65  to  69  .......    72,220 

38.7    70  to  74  .......    74,303 

40.3    75  to  79  .......   65,890 

44.5  80  to  84....         48.469 

45.6  85  to   89.... 
90  to  94.... 
95  to  99.... 
100  or  more 
Unknown    .. 


49.2 
53.7 
58.5 
63.3 


232 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


DEATHS  BY  COLOR  AND 

NATIVITY    (1917). 

Number  and  distribution 

per  1,000. 

Number.     Dist. 

White    949.555      890.0 

Native  white. ..706,214     661.9 
Foreign  white.. 227.816     213.5 

Negro  113.277      106.2 

Indian    1.590          1.5 

Chinese  and  Jap     2,520          2.4 

DEATH  RATES  IN  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES   (1915). 
Per  1.000  inhabitants. 
Country.  Rate. 

Australia  10.7 

Austria*    22.3 

Belgium*    15.9 

Bulgraria*    23.8 

Ceylon 25.2 

Chilet   27.8 

Denmark    12.8 

England  and  Wales 15.7 

Finlandt   15-6 

France!    19-g 

Germany*   17.5 


Country.  Rate. 

Hungary*  25.0 

Ireland .  .17.6 

Italy  t  17.9 

Jamaica  21.6 

Japan*  21.0 

Netherlands 12.4 

New  Zealand 9.1 

Norway 13.3 

Prussia*  17.3 

Roumaniat  23.8 

Russia  in  Europe! 30.9 

Scotland  17.1 

Serbia*  24.3 

Spaint  22.1 

Sweden  14.6 

Switzerland' 13.3 

•1906  to  1910.      tin  1914. 

DEATH  RATES  IN  FOREIGN 

CITIES. 
City.     Per'1.000.      1912.  1911. 

Amsterdam 11.2    12.4 

Belfast 18.1     17.2 

Berlin   14.4    15.6 

Breslau    18.4    19.5 

Brussels   13.5     13.9 


City.     Per  1.000.     1912.  1911. 

Budapest 18.5  19.4 

Christiania 13.4  13.5 

Copenhagen  14.1  14.8 

Dresden    13.1  14:6 

Dublin 20.5  21.4 

Edinburgh    15.7  16.0 

Glasgow  17.6  17.7 

Hamburg  13.6  14.7 

London   13.6  15.0 

Melbourne    14.0  12.8 

Milan  15.8  20.1 

Montreal 20,0  21.4 

Moscow    24.3  27.2 

Munich   14.7  15.8 

Paris    16.3  17.2 

Petrograd 21.9  20.8 

Prague 15.8  16.3 

Rio  de  Janeiro 21.3  20.4 

Rotterdam  11.3  12.1 

Stockholm  14.2  12.7 

Sydney    11.4  10.9 

The  Hague 10.9  12.7 

Toronto 12.6 

Trieste   21.1  24.0 

Turin   12,9  14.2 

Venice 20.9  22.8 

Vienna  ..                 ...15.4  16.4 


AMERICAN  BIRTH  AND  DEATH  RATES. 


Infant  d'ths 


The  following  table  prepared  by  the  federal 
census  bureau  shows  for  the  birth  registration 
area  of  the  United  States  the  number  of  births 
in  the  calendar  year  1916.  the  birth  rate,  the 
death  rate,   the  number   of  deaths   of  infanta 
under  1  year  of  age  and  the  infant  mortality 
rate.     The  states  in  the  registration  area  had 
in  1916  an  estimated  population  of  33,013.280. 
In  the  table  stillbirths  are  excluded,  and  by  in- 
fants are  mtant  all  children  under  1  year  of  age. 
Infant  d'ths 
Area.                     Births,,  —  *Rate  —  .            Peri.oo.) 

Reg.  States—         No.    B'ths.D'ths 

No. 

born. 

Connecticut    35.351 

28.4 

16.3 

3.580 

101 

Maine                   .    16  033 

20  8 

15.7 

1,735 

108 

Maryland    33,631 
Massachusetts    .   93.497 

24.7 
25.1 

183 

4,070 
9,370 

121 
100 

Michigan    86,840 

28.4 

15.1 

8,342 

96 

Minnesota     55,549 

24.3 

10.7 

3.865 

70 

New   Hampshire     9,664 

21.8 

16.1 

1,108 

115 

New  York  241.450 

23.5 

14.8 

22,717 

94 

Pennsylvania    ..217.449 

25.5 

14.6 

24,834 

114 

Rhode    Island...   14.634 
Vermont                    7  768 

23.8 
21.4 

li.i 

1,627 
723 

111 
93 

Reg.    area  818.983 

24.8 

14.7 

82,734 

101 

Registration  cities  — 

Connecticut  — 

Bridgeport    4,598 

37.8 

19.4 

486 

106 

Harlford    3.925 

35.4 

20.4 

396 

101 

New   Haven  5,106 
Waterbury    2,519 

34.1 
29.0 

17.0 
15.4 

447 
350 

88 
139 

District  of  Columbia- 

Wash'ton  (total)      7.201 

~19.8 

17.8 

763 

106 

White    4979 

18.8 

15.0 

411 

83 

Colored     2.222 

22.3 

25.4 

352 

158 

Maine- 

Portland   1,371 

21.5 

18.3 

161 

117 

Massachusetts  — 

Boston    (total).    19.577 
White   19.214 

25.9 
26.0 

16.9 
16.6 

2,062 
1,992 

105 
104 

Colored   363 

22.3 

28.4 

70 

193 

Brockton    1.471 

21.8 

11.6 

135 

92 

Cambridge    2.691 

23.8 

13.5 

246 

91 

Fall    River  3,689 

28.7 

17.0 

639 

173 

Area.  Births,, — *Rate — N  Her  1,000 

Reg",  cities—  No.    B'ths.D'ths.      No.     ^m. 

Lawrence    2,848  28.3   13.3         330   116 

Lowell  ..  3.287   29.0   17.3         480   146 

Lynn   ..  2.206  21.5   12.3         192     87 

New   Bedford    ..      3.499  29.6   15.3         488   139 

Springfield    3,278  30.9  ld.4         311      95 

Worcester  4,941  30.3  17.8         497  101 

Michigan — 

Detroit    24,289  42.1   19.0     2,727  112 

Grand    Rapids..      3.131  24.4  12.2         235     75 
Minnesota— 

Duluth    2.176  23.0   11.2         176      81 

Minneapolis  ....      8,793  24.21  12.4         723     82 

St.    Paul 5,242  21.2  11.3         357     68 

New  Hampshire — 
ManchPBter    ....      2,166  27.7  15.4         340  157 

New  York- 
Albany   :.      2,280  21.5  19.3         221     97 

Buffalo    13,088   27.9   16.1      1.491   114 

New  Y'k  (total)  137, 923  24.6  13.9  12.860     93 
13.7  12,385     92 
2.804  24.0   23.1         475 
1.436   38.4   18.1 
6,816   26.3   14.4 
2.138   21.5      9.6 
3,853   24.8  15.2 
1.335   17.1   19.4 
2,441   27.9   18.7 
2,503  25.1   12.3 


17 

190  132 
584  86 
168  79 
384  100 
128  96 
271  111 
225  90 


White    135,119 

Colored    

Niagara  Falls.., 

Rochester    

Schenectady    . . . 

Syracuse    

Troy 

Utica    

Yonkers    

Pennsylvania — 

Erie  2.322  30.9  16.4         257  111 

Harrisburg     ....      1.455   20.2   15.7         102   111 

Johnstown    2.348   34.3   15.8         309   132 

Phila.     (total)..   40,360   23.6   16.2      4,252   105 

White     38.208   23.7   15.7      3,907   102 

Colored     2.152   21.7  24.0         345   160 

Pittsb'gh  (total)  16.406   28.3  17.4      1,893   115 

White  15.801   28.7   17.0      1.786   113 

Colored     605   21.5   24.8         107   177 

Reading    2.578   23.5   14.9         322   125 

ficranton    3.623  24.7   14.4         476   131 

Wilkes-Barre    ...      1,986   25.9   14.5         221   111 

Rhode    Island — 
Providence    5.981  23.5  15.8         657  110 

*Per  1,000  population. 


JOAN    OF    ARC    CANONIZED. 


Pope  Benedict  XV.  and  the  highest  digni- 
taries of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  took  part 
at  the  Vatican,  on  Sunday.  April  6.  1919,  in 


the  Roman  curia  in  1875.  but  it  was  not  until 
1909  that  the  first  steps  toward  placing  her 
name  in  the  calendar  of  saints  were  coin- 


the   ceremony   of   formally   canonizing  Joan   of     pleted,   and  she  was  beatified  by  Pope  Pius 
Arc,   making  her  a  saint  of  the  church.     The     on  April  11  of  that  year.     That  gave  her  the 
question  of  her  canonization  first  came  before    title  of   "Blessed." 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


233 


MARRIAGE    AND    DIVORCE   IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

[From  report  of  federal  census  bureau.] 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

MARRIAGES. 

DIVORCES. 

Number. 
1887-19U6. 

Annual  average 
1898  to  19U2. 

Annual  average 
1888  to  1892. 

dumber 
1887 
to 
1906. 

Annual  averaget 
per  100.000  pop- 
ulation. 

Number 

Per 

10,000 
Pop. 

Number 

Per 

10,000 
Pop. 

1900. 

1890. 

1880. 

870 

10 
24 
52 
60 

", 

30 
23 
10 

fi 

69 

*49 
51 
28 
5 
61 
12 
25 

II 

12 
29 
73 
29 
99 
53 
9 

'I 

"37 

Alabama  
Arkansas.  .  . 

372.525 
310.767 
189,539 
98.877 
136.984 
25,374 
50.244 
114,486 
401.206 
23.330 
861.717 
493.890 
67.412 
366.350 
275,062 
359783 

20,227 
16.902 
9.561 
5.457 
7,034 
1.322 
3,114 
6,176 
21,640 
1,359 
44,858 
26,451 
4,847 
19.298 
14,112 
19,526 
13,421 
5,519 
10,740 
24.117 
23,008 
13,118 
17.574 
30,340 
2,188 
8,825 
527 
3,916 
15,042 
1,307 
63,082 
17,142 
2.454 
37,979 
3,326 

43,'726 

Ill 

129 
64 
101 
77 
72 
112 
117 
98 

IS 

105 
124 
86 
96 
91 
97 
79 
90 
86 
95 
75 

'8 

90 
83 
124 
95 
80 

8 

91 

77 
91 
83 
85 

76 

87 

15,727 
13,217 
7,167 
4.261 
6.216 
983 
1,512 
4.314 
16,541 
705 
38,421 
22,453 
736 
16,474 
12,795 
15,399 
10.150 
5,726 
7,916 
21,031 
18,726 
10.275 
11,778 
25,700 
1.294 
8.337 
238 
3,720 
15,740 
1,018 
49,584 
13,074 
1.339 
32.984 
347 
2,801 
39,059 
3,214 

104 
117 
59 
103 
83 
58 
66 
110 

IB 

100 
.102 
41 
86 
90 
83 
91 
87 
76 
94 
89 
78 
91 
96 
91 
78 
50 
99 
109 
64 
83 
81 
70 
90 
44 
88 
74 
93 

22.807 
29,541 
25.170 
15,844 
9,224 
887 
2.325 
7,586 
10,401 
3.205 
82,209 
60.721 
6,751 
34.874 
28,904 
30.641 
9,785 
14.194 
7,920 
22,940 
42,371 
15.646 
19,993 
54,766 
6,454 
16.711 
1,045 
8.617 
7,441 
2,437 
29,125 
7,047 
4,317 
63.982 
7.669 
10,145 
39.686 
6,953 

69 
136 
108 
158 
50 
16 
58 
79 
26 
120 
100 
142 
113 
93 
109 
84 
41 

'8 

47 
104 
55 
74 
103 

'1 

111 

112 
23 

g 

24 
88 
91 
129 
134 
33 
47 

IS 

84 
197 
66 
18 
34 
57 
24 
93 
75 
104 
33 
67 
84 
58 
29 
88 
24 

•72 
41 
48 
71 
139 
71 
97 
100 
18 
46 
17 
12 
47 
64 

18 

21 
32 

27 
53 
84 
138 
61 
10 
31 
53 
14 
58 
68 
70 

"eo" 

44 

35 
10 
78 
12 
30 
72 
27 

43 
106 
85 

!! 
'I 

46 

48 

California  
Colorado  

Connecticut  

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia... 
Florida  

Georgia  

Idaho  

Illinois  

Indiana  .  .  . 

Indian  Territory  

Iowa  

Kansas  

Kentucky  

Louisiana 

243,881 
86.592 
195,875 
468.267 
424.096 
242,147 
313,500 
579.807 
36.362 
170.820 
7.073 
77.764 
335,809 
25,625 
1,205.655 
313.725 
44,022 
727,408 
45,415 
67,475 
8%,533 
72,836 

Maine  . 

Maryland. 

Massachusetts 

Michigan  

Minnesota  

Mississippi  

Missouri  
Montana  . 

.Nebraska    ..  . 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire.. 

New  Jersey  

New  Mexico  

New  York  

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio  

Oklahoma  

Oregon  

92 
13 
30 
1 

SO 

£ 

Pennsylvania  

Rhode  Island  
South  Carolina* 

South  Dakota 

64,782 
39(5.990 
620,445 
51,259 
58,472 
295.377 
87.182 
170.810 
337.583 
13,509 

3.094 
20.975 
34.965 
2.789 
2,977 
16,386 

9!  532 
16,802 
839 

104 
115 
101 
87 
88 
92 
99 
81 
91 

2,128 
17,432 
23.834 
2,127 
2,807 
12,818 
2,975 
6,692 
16,009 
426 

61 
99 
107 
101 
84 
77 
83 
88 
95 
68 

7,108 
30,447 
62,655 
4.670 
4,740 
12.129 
16,219 
10.308 
22.867 
1,772 

95 
89 
131 
92 
75 
38 
184 
64 
65 
118 

65 
62 
82 
74 
49 
22 
109 
41 
51 
86 

48 
38 
49 
114 
47 
11 
75 
25 
41 
111 

25 
24 
21 

1 

88 
18 
38 
99 

Tennessee  

Texas  

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia. 

Wisconsin... 

Wyoming  

Total  

12.832.044 

945.625 

*No    record    kept.     tFor   the    five   years    of  I     Note— See  also  "Population  by  Marital  Con- 
whlch  the  year  stated  is  the  median  year.         |  dition"  this  volume. 


MARRIAGE   STATISTICS  FOR   1916. 


[From  U.   S.  cens-us  report  pub 

State.                                        Number. 
Alabama    25  453 

[ished  in 
Per 
10.000 
pop. 
109 
142 
143 
105 
96 
122 
96 
118 
.  149 
126 
97 
112 
119 
103 
99 
107 

1919.    Figures  are  for  calendar  year.] 

State.                                        Number. 
Louisiana    1  R  O49, 

Per 
10.000 
pop. 
107 
85 
150 
92 
131 
101 
134 
109 
176 
101 
94 
101 
106 
91 
95 
100 

Arizona   ... 

3  634 

Maine   

6,576 
20,397 
34  386 

Arkansas     
California    
Colorado    
Connecticut  

24,584 
30.996 
9.165 
15.168 

Maryland    

Massachusetts  ..   . 

Michigan    . 

40,112 
22,800 
23  927 

36  827 

Minnesota     

Delaware    

2,038 
4,293 
11  654 

Mississippi    
Missouri    .  . 

District    of    Columbia  .  .  . 
Florida     .    . 

Montana     
Nebraska    
Nevada 

8.108 
.  .  .        12,786 
1  001 

Georgia 

32  268 

Idaho 

3  840 

Illinois   

68,529 
33  521 

New   Hampshire     

4,491 
31  169 

Indiana 

.       22)843 
18.162 
23,189 

3  353 

Kansas     
Kentucky     . 

New     York 

97  454 

North  Carolina    . 

21.337 

234: 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


State.                                     Number. 
North  Dakota    .  .                           4  896 

Per 
100,000 

P°P86 
102 
93 
65 
85 
93 

'80 
126 
124 
117 
145 
100 
90 
119 
73 
99 

100,000 
State.                                    Number*          pop. 
Missouri     .                                      5  791               171 

Ohio     .                                              52  592 

Montana                                           1*484.               ^9<i 

Oklahoma    20,049 

Nebraska     .'.V.  1675               132 

Oregon                                               5  302 

Pennsylvania     72,053 

New  Hampshire                                 698               158 

Rhode  Island  5,699 

New    Jersey  1  169                 40 

South   Carolina*     

New  Mexico                                        '387               102 

South  Dakota    5,581 

New  York                                      *}  ^RQ                •*% 

Tennessee                                       26  960 

Texas    .                                         54,103 

North  Dakota                                    478                 65 

Utah    5.036 

8hio                                                     7  607               148 

Vermont          .  .                               5  279 

Virginia     21.329 

Oregon    .  .                                         2*100              255 

Washington    13,829 

Pennsylvania                                   4*980                 58 

West  Virginia  16  033 

Rhode   Island                                    *623               101 

Wisconsin     18,343 

South  Carolina! 

Wyoming-    1,591 

South    Dakota    585                 84 

United    States    1,040.778 

105 

luired. 

16. 
in  1919. 
Per 
100.000 
pop. 
101 
240 
217 
190 
113 
77 
9S 
13 
152 
54 
189 
139 
201 
149 
143 
129 
78 
91 
74 
63 
174 
86 
104 

UNITED 

can  News 
*Total. 
209 
28 
83 
302 

142 
40 
100 
200 
325 
38 
157  p 
1,836  , 
644 
847 
674 
276 
191 
114 
186 
623 
654 
767 
193 
887 
276 
597 
40 
103  1 

Tennessee  2,800               127 
Texas     8504               198 

*No  data:  marriage  licenses  not  re< 

DIVORCE   STATISTICS   FOR   19 
IFrom  U.  S.  census  report  published 
Figures  are  for  calendar  year.] 

State.                                     Number. 
Alabama   .                        ....         2.265 

Utah  661               162 

Vermont     419               116 

Virginia    1  886                 91 

Washing-ton    3*448            •  225 

West   Virginia    *789                  67 

Wisconsin    1  721                 69 

Wyoming-    296               170 

United   States  112,036              112 

Arizona                                    .            613 

Arkansas    3,747 

tDivorce  not  permitted  since  1878. 

TO  WHOM  DIVORCES   GRANTED. 
To  husband.            To  wife. 
Year.                    No.        P.  ct.          No.       P.  ct. 
1916    33,809      31.1        74,893      68.9 

California                          ....          5.573 

Colorado                        1,061 

Connecticut                                         961 

District  of  Columbia  47 
Florida    1,334 

Georgia   1,399 
Idaho                                                    797 

1896    14,448      33.6        24,489      66.4 
1887  to  1906..  316,149     33.4     629,476     66.6 

DIVORCES   CLASSIFIED  BY  CAUSE    (1916). 
To  husband.             To  wife. 
Cause.                   No.        P.  ct.         No.       P.  ct. 
Adultery    6,850     20.3          5,636        7.5 
Cruelty     5,895      17.4        24.857      33  2 

Illinois    8.546 

Indiana                         5.636 

Iowa    .                        3.309 

Kansas                   2.618 

Kentucky                         2.981 

Louisiana                               .         1,343 

Maine                 702 

Maryland                             ...         1,003 

Desertion     16,908     50\0       23,082     308 

Massachusetts                          '       2  336 

Drunkenness     .  .  .       271          .8          3,381       4.5 
Nonsupport                                              5  146       6  91 

Michigan                                          5  327 

Minnesota                                          1,956 

Combination    ...    1,440       4.3          7,'892     105 
Other  causes  2,445       7.2         4,899       6-5 

STATES    AND    CANADA    (1919). 

paper  Annual  and  Directory.] 
State  or  territory.         Daily.    Weekly.   *Total. 
New    Jersey.                            35           280           364 

Mississippi                                       1  893 

NEWSPAPERS   IN   THE 

[From  Ayer's  Ameri 
State  or  territory.         Daily.    Weekly. 
Alabama           v                 .       23           163 

Alaska       10             15 

New  Mexico  8             93           109 

Arizona                           ...       20             53 

New  York  216           994i       2065 

Arkansas                                   31           242 

North    Carolina  32           185           282 

California              164           539 

North  Dakota    19           344           385 

Colorado                                      40           301 

Ohio                                           167            626        1  034 

Connecticut                               36             75 

Oklahoma   56           427          *513 
Oregon    31           199           277 

Delaware    3             28 
District   of   Columbia...         7 
Flnr-ida                                               33             150 

Pennsylvania     197           715        1215 

Philippines    23                5             41 

Georgia  28           225 

Porto   Rico  11             12             28 

?&::::::::::::::::::   if      i| 

South  Carolina  32           185           282 

Illinois   164           932 
Indiana   131           418 
Iowa  52           678 

Tennessee  18           206           298 
Texas     108           731           935 

Kansas    69           567 
Kentucky     30           190 

Utah  8             88           122 
Vermont  10             76             93 
Virgin     Islands  41                5 

Maine    12             77 

Virginia    34           146 

Maryland    17           105 
Massachusetts  91            359 
Michigan  ....     .      .     ..         67           487 
Minnesota   49           624 
Missis=ippi                        •         15            163 

Washington    36           263 
West    Virginia...       .  .T.       32           148            193 

Wisc«1n«in          56           483            620 

Wyoming   8             77             92 

Total  in  1919                Q  4°8      14771      21664 

Missouri  76            656 
Montana  18           238 
Nebraska    26           516 
Nevada             10             27 

Total  in  1918  2.465      15.635      22.842 

Decrease        37           854        1.178 

'Includes  all  kinds  of  newspapers  and  peri- 
odicals. 

New    Hampshire...                13             71 

ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


235 


SUMMARY     OF     MARRIAGE    LAWS. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

License  re- 
quired. 

MARRIAGE  PROHIBITED 

BETWEEN— 

MINIMUM 
Ar.E. 

PAK'NT'Lf 
C«  NPENT 

11 

ta 

•§« 

H 

I8 

d 

*% 

a> 

O-- 
OQ 

I 

^. 

£ 

"ft 

H 

I1 

o 

| 

§ 
8 

d 

1 

o> 

9 

a 
•> 
X 

If 

Alabama  

Yes.. 
No 

No... 
Yes.. 

Yes- 

No- 

fes.. 

No... 

No... 

No... 

No... 

No... 

17 
21 
18 
IT 
18 
21 

i. 

16 

IT 

18 

fs 

18 
16 
17 
14 
14 

r 

18 
18 
21 

fs 

18 
18 
14 

1 

16 

18 
18 
18 

I 

fs 

18 

:!, 

If 

14 

14 
18 
14 
14 
15 
I'J 

fs 

't 

15 
t 
Hi 
16 
14 
15 
U 
12 
18 

I 
11 

*0 
16 

S 

i< 

18 
14 
15 
16 
15 
16 
21 

!• 

15 

{4 

14 

18 
12 

21 

21 

1! 
I" 

21 
21 

io 

18 
21 
21 
21 
21 
21 
21 
21 
21 
21 

fs 

21 
•   21 
21 
21 
18 
18 
21 

I 

21 
21 
21 
21 
21 
21 
18 
21 
16 
21 
21 
21 
21 

18 

fs 

18 

18 

¥' 

18 
21 
18 
18 
18 
18 
IS 
13 
H 
18 
21 
18 
lt> 

!! 

li 
13 
18 
18 
H 
16 
16 
18 
IS 

fs 

18 
18 

!! 

16 

!! 

16 
18 
18 
18 
21 

11 

21 

Alaska 

Arizona  
Arkansas  

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes 

Yes.. 
Yes. 
No... 

Yes- 
Yes- 
Yes- 

No... 
•io... 
Yes 

No... 
No... 
Yes  . 
s'o.  .. 
Yes.. 
..$.. 

No... 
No... 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes.. 

NO*:. 

*o.  . 
No.  . 

.  j 

<Io-. 

STO.  .  . 
t  es.. 
No... 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
No... 
.  t 

Colorado  
Connecticut  
Delaware       ..         

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes 

No... 
No... 
No... 

Yes- 
No... 
Yes- 

Yes.. 
Yes- 
No. 

District  of  Columbia  
Florida  

Yes.. 

Yes  . 

No... 
Yes.. 
No... 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No... 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes.. 
No... 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
No... 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
No... 
No.. 
No- 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes- 
Yes. 
Yes. 
NO.. 
No- 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No- 
Yes. 

IS: 

No... 
Yes- 
Yes.  . 
No... 
Yes.. 
No  .. 
yea- 
No... 
No... 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes.. 
No... 
No... 
No... 
Yes- 

fit 

/es. 
No 

Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes  . 
So... 
Yes.. 
No... 
So.. 
So... 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes- 
Yes.. 

NO... 

Yes.. 

Ye's" 

No.. 
No  . 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No. 
No  . 
Yes. 
...t. 
No- 
Yes. 
No.. 

1 

yes. 
No- 
Yes. 
Yes. 

No..  . 
s'o... 
No... 
t 

Yes  . 

Yes 

Hawaii 

Idaho  
Illinois 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes 

No-. 
NO... 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes- 
No... 
.4.. 
Yes.. 

NO*:: 

Yes- 
No... 
No... 
..  ±.. 

No.  . 
No.  . 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes- 
Yes.. 

Vel:: 
Mi*:: 

Yes- 
No- 
No... 

..$. 

NO!:: 

Yes. 
Yes.. 

No... 

?£: 

Ve*,: 

veV; 

No- 
Yes- 
No- 
No- 
...±. 

Indiana  

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes 

Kentucky  
Louisiana  
Maine   

Maryland  

Massachusetts  
Michigan  
Minnesota  
Mississippi  
Missouri.,  

Montana  

Nebraska 

No-. 
No... 

%*,: 

No- 

ve*,: 

Yes. 
Yes. 
No- 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No- 
No- 
§Yes 

Yes'. 
No- 
Yes. 

NO- 
NO.. 

Ve*, 
No- 

Ve*. 
Yes. 

NO- 
NO.  . 

Yes. 
Yes. 
No- 
No- 
§Yes 

Yet'. 
No- 
Yes. 

Yes. 
No.. 

vet 

ve0*. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
§Yes 

$1 

No- 
Yes. 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire  ,  

New  J  ersey  

No.. 
No- 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No,. 
No- 
Yes. 

Yet- 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No- 
Yes. 

New  Mexico  

New  York  
North  Carolina 

North  Dakota.  . 

Ohio  
Oklahoma  

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island  .. 

South  Carolina  

South  Dakota  •.  

Tennessee  

Texas  
Utah  

Vermont  

Yes 

Virginia  

Yes 

Washington  

West  Virginia  

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 

NO- 
NO... 

Yes. 

Y^S. 

No- 
No- 

...t. 

No- 
No- 

No- 
Yes. 

...i 

18 
18 

IS 

16 
15 
16 

18 
21 
21 

Wisconsin  

Wyomi  ng  

*At  which  marriag-e  is  leg-al.  tAg-e  below 
which  parental  consent  is  necessary.  $No 
specific  provision;  common  law  usually  ap- 


plies.     ^Prohibited    when   either  of   parties  is 
incapable   of   entering   into   a   civil   contract. 


COFFEE   AND  TEA   CONSUMED  IN 

THE   UNITED 

STATES. 

Tea 

Year  ended 
June  30. 
1830... 

Imports. 
Pounds. 
51,488.248 
94,996.095 
145.272,687 
202.144,733 
235,256,574 
446.850,727 
499,159.120 
787,991.911 
873,983.689 
878,322.468 
887.747.747 
866.053.699 
006.362.294 
126.041.691 
203X40.591 
322.058.5°6 
145.955,957 
import  price 

Imports.          *Price.  tPeroap. 
Value.         Cents.  Pounde. 
54,227.021        8.3        2.98 
8,546,222        8.8        5.06 
11.234,835        7.6        5.60 
21.883.797      10.8        5.79 
24,234,879      10.3        6.00 
60.360.769      13.5        8.78 
78.267.432      16.0        7.83 
52.467.943        7.5        9.81 
69.504.647        7.9        9.33 
90.949.963      10.3        9.27 
118.233,958      13.3        9.23 
119.449.045      13.8        8.85 
111,454,240      11.1      10.06 
107.794.377        9.6      10.52 
115.905.134        96      10.97 
133.513,226      10.1      12.22 
103.355.279        9.0      10.29 
per  pound,     t  Consumption 

Imports. 
Pounds. 
8,609.415 
20.006,595 
29,872.654 
31,696,657 
47.408.481 
72.162.936 
83,886.829 
84.845.107 
85.626.370 
102.653.942 
101.406.816 
94,812,800 
91.  130.  SI  5 
96.987.942 
109.865.935 
103.364.410 
151.314.932 
per  capita  based 

Imports.    *Price. 
Value.     Cents. 
$2,425.018      23.3 
5,427.010      24.1 
4.719.232      14.1 
8.915,327      26.3 
13,863.273      29A 
19,782.931      27.4 
12,317.493      15.0 
10.558.110      12.4 
13.671.946      16.0 
17.613.569      17.2 
18.207.141      18.0 
17,433.688      18.4 
16.735.302      18.4 
17.512.619      18.1 
20.599.857      18.7 
19.26rS.264      18.6 
30,889.  03O     20M 
on  net  imports. 

tPer  cap. 
Pound». 

.o3 

1.22 
.84 
1.10 
1.39 
1.33 
1.09 
.89 
1.04 
1.05 
.95 
.90 

1.07 

iii 

1840... 
1850  
Ifc60... 

1870  

1880  
1890  
1900  
1910  
1911 

1912... 
1913... 

1914  

1915  

1916  

1917  
1918  1 

*  Average 

236 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


CAUSES    FOR    DIVORCE. 

Summary  of  the  laws  in  effect  in  the  various  states. 


STATE  OR  TERRI- 
TORY. 

Residence 
required. 

1  Consan- 
guinity. 

tA 

§ 

Drunken- 

ness. 

Fraud  or 
force. 

Imprison- 
ment. 

cS  ^ 

0   — 

c 

tS, 

"o 

a 

i 

Want  of 
age. 

Adultery. 

Alabama  
Alaska  
Arizona  
Arkansas  
California  
Colorado  

Ito3y. 
2  yrs... 

ijf:::: 

Void. 
Void. 
No... 
Void. 
Void. 
\roid. 

Yes'.'. 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes- 
Yes- 

Ves" 

2  yrs. 
2  yrs. 
lyr.. 
lyr.. 
I  yr.. 
lyr. 
Syrs. 
2  yrs. 

i'yr- 

Hab'l- 

2  yrs  

Yes.... 

lyr.... 
Yes.... 
lyr.  .. 
lyr   .. 
lyr.... 
Yes.... 
2  yrs... 

H'a'b'l" 

Yes.... 
Void..  . 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Void  .  . 
Yes.... 
Void  .  . 
Yes-.. 

Felony.  . 
Felony- 
Yes...... 
Felony- 
Felony.  . 
Yes  
2  yrs  

Yes,... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
No  
Void  .  . 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
Yes- 
Yes.  . 
Yes- 
Void. 
Yes- 

No... 
1  yr.. 
No... 
No... 
Yes- 
Yes.  . 
No... 

Yes.... 
Void... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Void  .  . 
No  
Yes.... 
Yes.... 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 

Connecticut  
Delaware  
District  of  Columbia. 
Florida  

3  yrs... 
2  yrs... 
3  yrs.. 
2  yrs.. 

Georgia  
HawSii  
Idaho  

Illinois 

1  yr... 
2yrs.. 
6mos. 
1  yr  . 

Yes.. 
Void. 

Yes- 
Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes 

3  yrs. 
yr.. 
lyr- 

2  yrs 

Yes.... 
Yes-  . 

'yrs'" 

Yes.... 

Yes.::: 

Yes  

Yes  

7  yrs  
Felony- 
Felony. 

Yes.... 
Void  .  . 

Yes'.::: 

Yes.  . 
Void. 
Yes- 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

Void" 
Yes.... 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Indiana 

2yrs- 

Void. 
Void. 
No... 
No... 

Yes  . 

Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes- 

2  yrs. 
2  yrs. 
1  yr.. 
1  yr.. 
Yes.. 
3  yrs 
3  yrs 

lyr":: 

Hab'l.. 
Yes.... 

No  
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes-  . 

NO'.".:: 

Felony.. 
Felony- 
Felony.  . 
Felony  . 
Felony. 

Yes.  .. 
Void  .  . 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 

No... 
Void. 
No... 
No... 

2  yrs. 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes- 
Yes 

Void.. 
Void  .  . 
Void  .  . 
No  

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Iowa..            .         

Kansas  
Kentucky  
Louisiana  
Maine 

lyr... 
lyr... 

i'yr'" 

Yes  

Yes.  .. 

No... 
Yes- 

Yes- 

No  

Yes. 

Maryland    

2yrs- 

Massachusetts  
Michigan  
Minnesota.  

3to5y 
lyr... 
lyr... 
2  yrs.. 
1  yr 

Yes- 
Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes  . 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes- 

3  yrs 
2  yrs 
1  yr.. 
2  yrs 
lyr.. 
lyr- 
2  yrs 
lyr. 
Syrs 
Yes- 
Yes- 

?5- 

void  :  : 

Felony.. 
3  yrs  

Yes.... 

Yes.  . 

Void. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Void. 

Yes'.'. 
Yes.. 
Void. 
Void. 

Yes.... 

Yes- 

Yes- 

Yes    .. 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes:::: 

lyr.... 
lyr.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
3  yrs.  .  . 
Yes-.. 
Hab'l.. 

Void  .  . 
Yes.... 

Yes.::: 

Void.. 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
No  

Yes  
Felony- 
Yes  
Yes  
3  yrs  
Felony.  . 
lyr  
F'elony.. 
Felony.. 

Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.  .. 

No... 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes- 
No-: 
No... 
No... 

No- 

Y'es- 

Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes- 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes 

Void  .  . 
No  
No  
Yes..  .  . 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Void  .  . 

Montana  
Nebraska  
Nevada  

lyr... 
lyr... 
timos. 
lyr... 
lyr... 
lyr... 
Actua 
2yrs.. 
lyr... 
lyr... 
lyr... 

i'yr::: 

2yrs- 

New  Hampshire  
New  Jersey  
New  Mexico  
New  York*  
North  Carolina,  
North  Dakota  

Oklahoma  .  .  .  .  .  .  :  :  .  .  .  .  . 
Oregon  
Pennsylvania  
Rhode  Island  .. 
South  Carolina! 

Yes 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Void. 

No'.'.'. 
No... 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

Yes,. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes- 
Yes.. 

10  yrs 
lyr- 
3  yrs 
lyr.. 
lyr.. 
2  yrs 
Syrs 

No.... 
lyr... 
Syrs.. 
Yes... 
lyr... 
No-.. 
Hab'l.. 

No.... 
Void.. 

Ves.::: 

Yes..: 
Yes...> 
Yes.... 

No.... 
Felony- 
Yes  
Felony.  . 
Felony.  . 
2  yrs  
Felony.  . 

Yes.... 
Void  . 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
Yes.. 
Yes- 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes- 
No... 
Yes- 
Yes.  . 

Void.. 
Void  .  . 
Yes.... 
No  
Void  .  . 
No  
Void  .  . 

South  Dakota  
Tennessee  
Texas  

lyr... 
2  yrs.. 

6mos. 
tyr... 
2  yrs.. 
lyr... 
1  yr..  . 
1  yr... 
2yrs.. 
lyr... 

No... 

No.'". 
Yes.. 
No... 

Yes'.'. 
No... 
Void. 

Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

lyr. 
2yrs 
lyr.. 
lyr. 
3  yrs 
Syrs 
lyr.. 
3  yrs 
lyr.. 
lyr.. 

lyr.  .. 
Hab'l.. 
Hab'l.. 
Yes.... 
No  
No  
Hab'l.. 
Yes.... 
lyr.... 
Hab'l.. 

Void  .  . 

NO'.:::: 
Yes.::. 

No  
Void  .  . 

Felony- 
Felony.  . 
Felony.. 

Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes  

No... 
Yes.. 

No... 
Yes.. 
fes. 

Void  .  . 

Yes. 
Yes. 

Utah  
Vermont  
Virginia  
Washington  
West  Virginia  
Wisconsin  
Wyoming  — 

Felony- 
3yrs  
Feloijy.. 
Felony- 
Felony.  . 
Syrs  
Felony.  . 

Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
No  
Void  .  . 
Yes.... 

Yes- 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

No... 
No... 
Void. 

es- 
Yes.. 
No... 

Yes:: 

^es.. 
Yes.. 

No.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 

Yes"." 
No  
Void.. 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

'Yes." 
Yes. 

*Marriag-es  may  be  annulled  for  causes  mak-  i  as  being-  applicable  under  certain  conditions. 
ing  them  void  from  the  beginning-.  i  The  word  "Void"  may  indicate  that  a  mar- 

tNo  divorce  allowed,  but  marriage  may  be  j  riage  may  be  absolutely  void  for  the  cause 
annulled.  |  named,  that  it  may  be  voidable  or  that  it 

Note— The  above  table  presents  only  the  I  may  be  annulled  by  court  proceedings.  Big-amy. 
principal  causes  for  divorce  in  the  various  I  it  may  be  added,  is  a  cause  for  divorce  or 
states.  The  words  "Yes"  and  "No"  are  not  I  annulment  of  marriage  in  practically  all  of 
always  to  be  taken  without  qualification,  but  '  the  states. 

MANUFACTURE    OF    AUTOMOBILES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

[From  U.  S.  census  report.  1916.] 
In  1914  there  were  in  the  United  States  338 
establishments  manufacturing'  complete  auto- 
mobiles, their  output  being-  573.114  machines, 
valued  at  $465.642,474.  as  compared  with  315 
establishments  in  1909  with  an  output  of 


127.287  machines  valued  at  $165.099.404. 
Following1  is  a  comparative  summary  of  the 
various  kinds  of  machines  made  in  1914  and 
1909  with  the  percentage  of  increase.  Only 
two  establishments  made  steam  automobiles  in 
1914,  and  to  avoid  disclosing-  their  operations 
the  statistics  for  these  companies  were  con- 
solidated with  those  for  grasoline  machines. 

Type.  1914.  1909.  Inc. 

Gasoline  and  steam 568.399  123.452  360.4 

Family  and  pleasure.  .544.255   119.190   356.6 


Type.                                    1914.  1909.        Inc. 

Touring:   cars 454,876  76,189  497.0 

Delivery    wagons    and 

trucks    22.753  2.771   721.1 

All  other 1.391  1.491        6.7 


Electric 


4.715        3.835      22.9 


Total   573.114  127.287  350.3 

MOTORCYCLES  AND  BICYCLES. 
There  were  manufactured  in  1914  62.793 
motorcycles  valued  at  $12.306,447.  and  398.- 
899  bicycles,  valued  at  $5.361.229.  In  1909 
the  output  was  18.628  motorcycles,  valued  at 
$3.015.988.  and  233.777  bicycles,  valued  at 
$3.228.189.  The  number  of  establishments 
reporting-  in  1914  was  94  as  compared  with 
122  in  1909. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK,  FOR   1920. 


237 


STATISTICS   OF    EDUCATION   IN    THE    UNITED   STATES. 

[From  bureau  of  education  reports.] 
STATE  SCHOOL  SYSTEMS    (1915-1916). 


14:2,152 

2So,483 

2.336,165 

707,229 


Children. 

State.  *  Number. 

Maine   176,823 

New   Hampshire 98,192 

Vermont   84,669 

Massachusetts     830,115 

i  Rhode    Island 

Connecticut     

I  New  York 

I  New  Jersey 

I  Pennsylvania    2.123,686 

[0hio    1.217,544 

.Indiana  703,641 

Illinois    1.514,070 

Michigan    751,494 

Wisconsin    686,346 

Minnesota    617,316 

Iowa    583.278 

Missouri    890,190 

North  Dakota 208,011 

South  Dakota 193,417 

Nebraska    345,051 

Kansas    483.731 

Delaware 52,769 

Maryland   357,464 

District  of  Columbia 72,432 

Virginia    665,716 

West    Virginia 401,119 

North  Carolina 772.240 

South  Carolina 542,583 

Georgia 912,227 

Florida    256.522 

Kentucky    699.376 

Tennessee   687.087 

Alabama 740,603 

Mississippi    635,270 

Louisiana  572.883 

Texas 1,388.226 

Arkansas   546,099 

Oklahoma  675,598 

Montana   98,883 

Wyoming-    37,061 

Colorado  225,122 

New  Mexico 118,941 

Arizona 62,608 

Utah   126,058 

Nevada 17,515 

Idaho 113,104 

Washington  336,148 

Oregon  183,445 

California  ..  571.274 


Enrolled. 
149,149 
67,461 
65,380 
604,023 
89,879 
234,609 
1.625,777 
540,287 
1,504,794 
905,071 
564,252 
1.084,640 
620,861 
458.102 
481,583 
525,579 
721.752 
t!51,647 
134.136 
292,725 
402.860 
45,327 
243.077 
59,526 
486,134 
313,873 
649,246 
415,766 
667,635 
198,365 
537,008 
610.235 
514.601 
$492,756 
320,300 
1,017,083 
1447,726 
515,493 
§102.768 
32.630 
184,471 
77,062 
51,077 


,07^ 

:35< 


108.359 
13.358 
95,772 
245,419 
142,365 
539,688 


Continental  Un.  States.26. 846.976  20.351.687 
North  Atlantic  division.  6.784.514  4,881,359 
North  Central  division..  8.194,089  6,343,208 
South  Atlan  ic  division.  4,033.072  3,078,949 
South  Central  division...  5,945.142  4.455,202 
Western  division 1,890,159  1.592,969 

•School  year  1915-1916:  children  5  to  18 
years  of  age.  tStatistics  of  1914-1915.  $Statis- 
tics  of  1913-1914.  §Exceeds  estimated  school 
population. 

Teachers. 

State.  Men.     Women. 

Maine 792        6,173 

New  Hampshire 269        2.814 

Vermont    228        2.764 

Massachusetts    ..       ..    *1,784   *15,703 


Rhode  Island 233  2.540 

Connecticut   410  6,013 

New  York 5,907  47.686 

New  Jersey 2.414  14,327 

Pennsylvania    9,163  33,564 

Ohio    7,852  23.967 

Indiana  6,207  13,441 

Illinois    6.192  27,172 

Michigan   2.981  17,998 

Wisconsin *1.759  *14,529 

Minnesota    1.952  15,841 

Iowa    2,858  24,372 

Missouri 4.904  15.304 

North  Dakota tl,329  t6,764 


Total. 
6,965 
3,083 
2.992 
17,487 
2.773 
6,423 
53,593 
16,741 
42.727 
31.819 
19,648 
33,364 
20,979 
16.28 
17,79 
27,230 
20.208 
t8,093 


State.  Men. 

South  Dakota 1,032 

Nebraska   1,506 

Kansas    2,806 

Delaware 130 

Maryland  966 

District  of  Columbia.  222 

Virginia  2.149 

West    Virginia 4,482 

North  Carolina 3,424 

South  Carolina 1,717 

Georgia    3,039 

Florida    1.354 

Kentucky    4,384 

Tennessee   4,170 

Alabama    3,215 

Mississippi    $2,924 

Louisiana   1,534 

Texas    7,777 

Arkansas  f4,780 

Oklahoma    3,790 

Montana    , 

Wyoming    

Colorado    

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 


Women. 
6.025 

J  1.100 
2,437 
932 
5.494 
1,565 
10,971 
5,842 
11.126 
6,616 
12,007 
4,380 
8,486- 
8.751 
7,841 
±8.029   $10.953 
6.087        7.621 
19.581      27.358 
t5,882   tlO.662 
'.931      12.721 
4.731 
1,735 
6,573 
1,944 
l!539 
3.205 
657 
3.506 


Total. 

7.057 

12.606 

15.243 

1.062 

6.460 

1.787 

13.120 

10.324 

14.55Q 

8,333 

15.046 

5.73* 

12,870 

12.921 

11.056 


California  2,602 

United  States 123,038  499.333  622.371 

North  Atlantic 21,200  131.584  152,784r 

North  Central 41,378   188.950   230,328- 

South   Atlantic 17.483      58,933      76.416 

South  Central 32.574     73.588   106.162 

Western  10,403     46.278      56,681 

*  Estimated.     tStatistics  of  1914-1915.     $Sta- 
tistics  of  1913-1914. 

School  houses. 

State.  Buildings. 

Maine    3.764 

New    Hampshire tl.634 

Vermont   tl.999 

Massachusetts  f 4.531 

Rhode  Island 520 

Connecticut    1,515 

New    York 11,935 

New  Jersey 2,194: 

Pennsylvania    15,375 

Ohio    12,163 

Indiana  8,376 

Illinois    13.581 

Michigan    8,840 

Wisconsin    9.037 

Minnesota    8,900 

Iov.-a    13.485 

Missouri   10.880 

North  Dakota    (1915)...      5,421 

South  Dakota 5,298 

Nebraska    7,709 

Kansas    9,385 

Delaware   672 

Maryland    2.487 

District  of  Columbia 152 

Virginia     6,758 

West    Virginia 7,121 

North    Carolina 8,188 

South    Carolina 5,001 

Georgia   7.985 

Florida    2.714 

Kentucky    8,406 

Tennessee    7,042 

Alabama   6,911 

Mississippi    (1913) 7.781 

Louisiana   3,467 

Texas  14,133 

Arkansas    (1915) 6.548 

Oklahoma    6,891 

Montana  2,738 


•Value. 

S10.597.424r 

6.777.953 

4.915.758 

96,521.456 

10,081.135 

27.719.683 

244.739.916 
69.293.018 

154,363.211 

113,597.716 
54.849,098 

135,357.497 
57.930.121 

$24.141.885 
50,459.377 
39.356.618 
54.882.805 
12.115.050 
10,994.385 
23.644.515 
31.168,702 
1,650,000 
12,000.000 
12,309.995 
16.004.359 
15.599,531 
11.489,882 
8,117,280 
15,048.880 
7,409,947 
15,521.654: 
15,938.816 
10,898,517 
3,110,300 
13,580,248 
45,368.247 
12.660,849 
20,696,930 
9,244.559 


238 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


State.                   .           Buildings.  'Value. 

Wyoming1'..  1,006  2,666,059 

Colorado    3,099  15,364,405 

New  Mexico. . .  1.298  2,915,000 

Arizona    .                        471  3.463,517 

Utah  744  $11,619,642 

Nevada  ..  354  1,565.497 

Idaho    .  1,671  9,202,457 

Washington  3.429  32.751.292 

Oregon   ..              2.774  18.019.464 

California  : 5.141  84,721.886 


United    States 281.524  1.662.446.536 

North  Atlantic 43,467      625.009,554 

North  Central    113,075 

South  Atlantic   41,078 

South  Central    61.179 

Western  ' 22.725 

*Of  all  public  school  property 
^Statistics  of  1913-1914. 

Elementary  City  Schools. 
In  places  of  100.000  or  more  population. 

City.  Teachers.  Pupils. 

Alabama— Birmingham 540        23,375 

California— Los  Angeles 2.174 

Oakland  610 

San    Francisco 1,314 

Colorado— Denver 832 

Connecticut— Bridgeport  484 

New  Haven 655 

Dist.  of  Columbia— Washington  1,456 

Georgia— Atlanta    596 

Illinois— Chicago   6.728 

Indiana— Indianapolis   929 

Kentucky— Louisville  683 

Louisiana— New  Orleans 1.084 

Maryland— Baltimore  1.924 


608.497.769 
99.629.874 
137,775.561 
191.533,778 
t  Estimated. 


68,550 
27.257 
55,494 
31,519 
18,314 
25.102 
52.291 
23.666 
326,745 
33.190 
28.251 
44,637 
75.148 


City.  Teachers.  Pupils. 

Massachusetts— Boston  2.364  104,294 

Cambridge  388  13.759 

Fall  River 515  15.822 

Lowell  284  12.224 

Worcester  623  23.395 

Michigan— Detroit  1,807  84,663 

Grand  Rapids 501  15,615 

Minnesota— Minneapolis  1.182  45.787 

St.  Paul 710  26.746 

Missouri— Kansas  City 1.008  39,661 

St.  Louis 1.952  90,418 

Nebraska— Omaha*   753  23,754 

New  Jersey— Jersey  City 837  37,936 

Newark  1.575  66,955 

Paterson  475  20,796 

New  York— Albany 349  12.092 

Buffalo  ..  1,771  60,337 

New  York 19,906  805,777 

Rochester  891  29,676 

Syracuse  522  19.207 

Ohio— Cincinnati  1,496  43,235 

Cleveland 3.033  92,053 

Columbus  740  24.307 

Dayton 406  16,264 

Toledo  817  27.346 

Oregon— Portland   729  28.370 

Pennsylvania— Philadelphia  ...  4,928  226,853 

Pittsburgh  1.912  77.852 

Scranton  562  22,848 

Rhode   Island— Providence 850  38.821 

Tennessee— Memphis  484  19.553 

Nashville  314  17,490 

Virginia— Richmond    687  28,532 

Washington— Seattle  841  30.749 

Spokane  397  15.276 

Wisconsin— Milwaukee  1.352  62.674 

•Includes  South  Omaha. 


COMMON 
-Child  ren.- 


Year.    *Number.  Enrolled.  tAttendance. 

1870.12,055.443  6.871.522      4,077,347 

1880.15.065.767  9.867,505      6.144.143 

1890.18,543,201  12.722.581      8.153.635 

1900.21.404.322  15,503,110   10.632.772 

1910.24.360.888  17.813.852   12.827.307 

1911.24,745.562  18,035.118   12.871,980 

1912.25.167.445  18.182.937   13.302.303 

1913.25.499.928  18.523.558   13,510.643 

1914.26.002,153  19.153.786   14.216.459 

1915.26.425.100  19.693.007   14.964.886 

1916.26,846.976  20.351.687   15.358.927 


SCHOOL    STATISTICS    BY    YEARS. 

Teachers. s 

Men.  Women.     Total. 

77.529  122.926    200.515 

122.795  163,798    286.593 

125.525  238,397    363,922 

126.588  296.474 

110.481  412,729 

110,328  423,278 

114.559  432.730 

113.342  451.118 

114.662  465.396    580.058 

118.435  485.566    604.001 

123,038  499.333    622,371 


423.062 
523.210 
533,606 
547,289 
564.460 


•Children   5   to   18   years   of   age.      t  Average  daily   attendance, 
teachers. 

HIGH  SCHOOLS 
Public. 

Schools   12.003 

Teachers— Men .  .29,131 

Women   39.146 

Students-Boys  660.641 
Girls  795.420 


(1916). 

Private. 

Schools  2,201 

Teachers— Men. .    5.821 

Women   8,137 

Students— Boys   73,415 

Girls    81,706 


NORMAL   SCHOOLS 
Public. 

Schools    234 

Teachers— Men. .    2,405 

Women    4,237 

Students— Men .  .21,016 
Women   83,698 


(1916). 
Private. 

Schools  

Teachers— Men.. 

Women   

Students — Men . 


45 
295 
369 
1.924 


Women  5.034 


UNIVERSITIES,    COLLEGES    AND    TECHNO- 
LOGICAL   SCHOOLS    (1916). 

Institutions    574 

Instructors — Men    28,472 

Instructors— Women    A 6,397 

Preparatory  students — Men 33,319 

Preparatory  students — Women    19,155 

Collegiate  students— Men 152.860 

Collegiate  students— Women   90,181 

Colleges  for  men 144 

Undergraduate  students. 43,851 

Colleges  for  women 89 

Undergraduate  students 20,638 

Coeducational  colleges 341 


JSalaries.  Total  cost. 

$37,832.566  $63,396,666 

55.942,972  78.094.687 

91,836,484  140,506.715 

137.687,746  214,964,618 

253.915.470  426.250.434 

266.678.471  446.726,929 
284.945.162  482.886.793 
303.537.849  534.058.580 
323,610.915  555.077.146 
344,668.690  605,460.785 
364,789.265  640.717,053 
tOf    superintendents   and 

Undergraduate  students — Men    109.009 

Undergraduate  students— Women  69.543 

Total  students 178.552 

PROFESSIONAL  SCHOOLS   (1916). 


Theology- 
Schools   169 

Students    12.051 

Law — 

Schools   124 

Students   22.993 

Medicine — 

Schools    92 

Students    14.767 


Dentistry- 
Schools  48 

Students    10.715 

Pharmacy- 
Schools   71 

Students 6.034 

Veterinary — 

Schools   22 

Students    3.064 


SCHOOLS  FOR  BLIND  AND  DEAF    (1916). 
Public  schools  for  blind...  61 

Pupils    5.155 

State  schools  for  deaf 69 

Pupils   11.784 

Public  schools  for  deaf 71 

Pupils   2.362 

Private  schools  for  deaf 19 

Pupils 687 

SCHOOLS  FOR  FEEBLE-MINDED. 
State— Number  38  I     Pupils   . .  890 

Pupils   32.882    Public— Day    . . .       118 

Private— Number        281     Pupils    16,624 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Training:  nurses     1.520 
Students    ....   47.611 
Commercial   ...         912 

STL 

Paris       17.556 

OTHER   SCHC 
Students    192.388 
Reform   121 

>OLS    (1916). 
Agriculture  ...            69 
Students  130.499 

Summer(1916) 
Students  298 

ES. 
Genoa     

734 
.219 

1.413 

1,300 
1.300 
1.318 
1.295 
1,250 
1,319 
1.347 
1M94 
1.312 
1.253 
1.387 
1.200 
1  '12 

Students  61.828 

DENTS   IN   LEADING 

[From  Minerva 
Halle   ..          .             2  982 

FOREIGN    UNIVE1 

for  1913-1914.] 
^Marburg  . 
Prague  (German).. 
Sendai 

SSITI 

2.072 
2.053 
1.915 
1.993 
1.64S 
1.828 
2.015 
1.744 
1.876 
1.700 
1.691 
1.389 
1.648 
1.600 
1.669 
1.570 
1.456 
1.54S 
1.500 
1.440 
1.426 
1,746 
1.4S1 
2.021 
1.496 
1  694 

Berlin 

14  1  7s 

Cracow                          2  960 

Moscow     
Cairo 

9.760 
9.540 
8.784 
7,814 
7.718 
7.455 
6,600 
6.143 
5.903 
5.675 
5.567 
5.354 
5.054 
4.600 
4.478 
4.406 
4.047 
4.025 
4.000 
3.919 
3.748 
3.532 
3.352 
3.342 
3,283 
3.084 
3.000 

Toulouse                       9  869 

Tomsk 

Dorpat                         2  684 

Poitiers 

Vienna     

Luttich  ..                ..  2.778 
Athens                         2  800 

Durham     
Lille 

Erlangen   

Glasgow   2,800 

Bern     
Konigsberg    
Kiel     

Melbourne    

St.    Petersburg     .  . 
Naples 

Breslau    ..         ..        2.684 
Louvain     .         ..        2.630 
Freiburg    .         ..        2,766 
Strassburg    .     ..        2.485 
Bordeaux            ..        2.548 
Gottingen           ..        2.668 
McGill    (Montreal)  2.213 
Barcelona     2.430 
Heidelberg   2.466 
Klausenburg   2.124 
Odessa                         2  0'3 

Lund    
Czernowitz  

Leipzig     
Toronto     
Madrid     

Valencia    

Liverpool 

Manchester    
Wales,    Univ.    of  . 
Padua    . 

Ghent    ..   . 

Grief  swald  
Salamanca   
Leiden 

Tokyo    (Imperial). 
Buenos  Aires    
Vallado'id    
Bonn 

Pa  via        ... 

Palermo 

Leeds 

1.320 
1,150 
1.215 
1,100 
1.096 
1.070 
1.167 
1.000 
1.000 
1,000 
1,070 
1.045 
1,000 
1,000 

Pisa  

Wurzburg    
Kingston   (Canada) 
Christiania    

Amsterdam     
Seville 

Prague  (Bohemian) 

Muenster    (Germ'y)  2,368 
Sofia                              2  116 

Utrecht    

Oxford    
Copenhagen     

Algiers   

Havana 

Warsaw     2.257 
IJpsala                         2  419 

Giessen           ... 

Belgrade 

Grenoble 

Dijon 

Turin     2.199 
Nancy     2.248 
Graz     2.151 
Geneva   1.858 
Bo'ogna     2.000 
Kasan                            2  122 

Zurich     
Gothenburg    
Svdney    
Montreal   (Laval) 

Dub'  in     ' 

Helslngfors    
Edinburgh    
Charkow    

Granada    ... 

Coimbra 

1.350 
1.365 
1,254 

Santiago    (Chile).. 
Birmingham  (Eng.) 

Innsbruck 

Kiev 

Tubingen  2,016 

Lausanne    

GIFTS   AND    BEQUESTS    TO    EDUCATION. 

[From  report  of  United  States  commissioner  of  education.] 


820  310  124$30  196  006 

1885 

9  314  081 

1902 

20  348  739 

Schools  of  theology  ..  . 

1,467.055   2,257.359 
90  576    128  588 

1886  
1887  . 

..   5.976.168 
7  512  910 

1903... 
1904 

...  17,915,075 
.  17  261  375 

2  661  076   2  253  598 

1888 

6  646  368 

1905 

21  827  875 

Public  normal  schools 

'449.992    758.998 
168  479    143  012 

1889  
1890 

..   6.942.058 
8  Oil  019 

1906... 
1907 

...  23,347,070 
28  585  780 

Private  high  schools..  . 
Total  

875.944   1.357.719 
26.023.246  37,095,280 

1891  
1892  
1893... 

..   8.519.233 
..   8.721.902 
..   8.207.690 

1908... 
1909... 
1910... 

...  19.763.421 
...  21.192.450 
..  24.755.663 

Gifts  bi 
1871  S8.593.740 
1872...   .  10  072.540 

/  Years. 
1877  83.015.256 
1878.  .      3.103.289 

1894  
1895  
1896 

.  .  10.855.365 
..   8.240.876 
11  677  048 

1911... 
1912... 
1Q13 

...  27.634.029 
..  30.061.310 
oq  65i  310 

1873  11.225,977 
1874  6.053.804 
1875       4  1°6  562 

1879.  .  ..   5.249.810 
1880.  .  ..   5.518.501 
1881       7  440  °°4 

1897  
1898  
1899 

.  .  10.049.141 
..  10.981.209 

1914... 
1915... 
1916 

...  31.357.398 
..  26.023.246 
37  095  °80 

1876  4.691.845 

1883.  .  ..   7.141.363 

1900  

.'.'  isioeeisei 

Total 

...647.536,608 

SCHOOL   ENROLLMENT  AND  ESTIMATED  COST. 

[The  figures  are  for  1916,  the  latest  available.] 

Per  cap. 
No 

Public    elementary 18.895.626 

Public    high : 1.456,061 

Private  elemental? 1  665  075 

Private  high 155.135 

Other  public  and  private  secondary 89  641 

Universities,  colleges  and  professional  schools 329.387 

Normal    11 1 ,672 

Commercial  and  business 192,388 


Reform 

Schools  for  the  deaf 

Schools  for  the  blind 

Schools  for  the  feeble-minded 

Government   Indian 

Schools  in  Alaska  supported  by  the  government 

Other  public  schools  in  Alaska 

Orphan  asylums,  etc — 

Private   kindergartens 

Miscellaneous,  music,  art,  etc 


61.828 

14.733 

5.155 

37.630 

32,780 

3.665 

3.163 

20.000 

75.090 

60.000 


Total. 


Cost. 

Total  cost. 

$29.55 

S558.391.364 

56.54 

82,325,689 

32.00 

53,282.400 

94.10 

14.598.204 

157.47 

14.115.768 

335.57 

110.532.396 

158.34 

17.682.144 

50.00 

9.619.400 

157.92 

9.763,878 

300.80 

4.431.686 

498.34 

2.568,943 

555.42 

20.900.455 

116.69 

3.825.098 

56.13 

205,716 

50.00 

158.150 

200.00 

4,000.000 

32.00 

2.402.880 

100.00 

6.000.000 

39.37        914,804.171 


240 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


AMERICAN   UNIVERSITIES   AND    COLLEGES. 

Nonsectarian  and  undenominational  schools  marked  with  an  asterisk    (*). 

Instruc-  Sta- 

School,  location  and  date  of  founding-.                    President.  tors,  dents. 

Adelphi  college,*    Brooklyn,   N.   Y.    (1896)...     Frank  D.  Blodgett.  A.M.,  LL.D 30 


Adrian  college,   Adrian,   Mich 

Ag-nes  Scott  college,   Decatur,    

Ag-.  and  Mech.  Col.  of  Tex..*Col.  S.,  Tex.  (1876) 

Alabama  Poly.  Inst.,*  Auburn,  Ala.    (1872)..     C    C.  Thach.  M.A.,  LL.D 78 

Albany  college,  Albany,  Ore.    (1866) Wallace   H.   Lee.    A.M..   LL.D 10 

Alcorn  Ag.  &  Mech.  Col   *  Alcorn,  Miss.  (1871)     Lev!  J.  Rowan,  Ph.D 25 

Albion  college,  Albion,  Mich.    (1861) Hon.  Samuel  Dickie,  M.S..  LL.D 

Alfred  university,*  Alfred,  N.  Y.   (1836) 


Allegheny  college,  Meadville,  Pa.   (1815) 

Alma  college,  Alma,  Mich.    (1887) 

Amer.  Inter.  Col.,*   Springfield,  Mass.    (1885) 


Aiiier.   iiiier.   v/ui.,       spring  .utuu,    mass.    i.  oou; 
Am'erican  univ.,   Washington,   D.   C.    (1913). 


502 
Harlan  L.  Feeman.  A.M..  D.D.......  17  140 

F  H.  Gaines.  D.D..  LL.D 40  388 

W.  B.  Bizzell.  D.C.L..  LL.D 150  2,759 

997 
85 

601 

561 
Boothe  C.  Davis.  Ph.D..  D.D... .  ...  50  417 

W.  H.  Crawford,  D.D..  LL.D 27  487 

Harry  Mears  Crooks,  LL.D.... 


Ark.  Cumberland  col.,  Clarksville,  Ark. 
Armour  Inst.   of  Tech.,*   Chicago,    111.    (1893 

Asbury  college,  Wilmore,  Ky.    (1890) 

Atlanta  university,*  Atlanta,  Ga.  (1869)... 
Auburn  Theo.  sem.,  Auburn,  N.  Y.  1819)  .  . 
Augsburg-  sem..  Minneapolis,  Minn.  (1869). 
Augustana  college.  Rock  Island,  111.  (1860) 

Austin  college.   Sherman,   Tex.    (1849) 

Baker  university,   Baldwin,   Kas.    (1858)... 


S.  Stcwe  McGowan  (chancellor) 
ohn  W.  Hamilton,  LL.D.,  L.H.D...      7 
Alexander  Meikeljohn,   A.M..   Ph.D.  44 

George  D.  Blaok 17 

W.  S.  Lacy   D.D 11 

Hubert  S.  'Lyle.   D.D 15 

F    W.  Gunsaulus.  D.D.,  LL.D.... 

H.  C.  Morrison,  D.  D 

Edward  T.  Ware.   A.B.,   D.D 

G.  B.  Stewart,  D.D.,  LL.D 

Georg-e  Sverdrup,   D.D 

Oustav  Andreen.  Ph.D..  D.D 

T.  S.  Clyce,  D.D..  C.L.D 

Samuel  A.  Lough,  A.M.,  Ph  D 


187 
126 
21 
387 
165 
117 
175 

60  2.000 
25  400 
36  650 

14  163 
16  93 
47         716 

15  418 


UCUVCJl         Ulll  VC1  Oll/J',       J-»dJU  Will,       JA.CLB.        V  JLOC/O  J OailAUtU     ^i..     .L/I'U&IJ,     .fl...lTJ..,     JT  11    !_/...._...       f*~X 

Baldwin  Wallace  college,   Berea.  0.    (1845)...     A.  L.  Breslich,  A.B.,  D.D..  Ph.D....    85 
Barnard  college,*  New  York,  N.  Y.    (1889)...    V.C.Gelderslceve,  Ph  D..LL.D  (dean)102 

Bates  college,*  Lewiston,  Me.    (1864) W.H.  Hart  shorn,  (acting-),  A.M..Ph.D.  40 

Samuel  P.   Brooks.   A.M..   LL.D 33 

Chas.  E.  Baskerville.  D.D..   (acting)    10 


411 


Baylor  university,   Waco,   Tex.    (1845)... 
Bellevue  college,  Bellevue,  Neb.    (1880).. 

Beloit  college,*  Beloit,  Wis.    (1846)     

Benedict  college,  Columbia,  S.  C.   (1871). 

Berea  college,*   Berea,   Ky.    (1855) 

Bethany  college,  Bethany,  W.  Va.    (1840) 
Bethany  college,  Lindsborg.  Kas.    (1881)  .  . 
Bethel  college,  Russellville,  Ky 


1.547 
135 
339 
741 


(Vacancy)     '. '..'I...'..'.'.....'..'....   28 

Ernest  P.  Pihlblad,  AM 35 

George  F.  Dasher 14 

Birmingham  college.  Birmingham.  Ala.    (1897)    C.   C.   Dnniels 14s 

Bissell  Col.  of  Photo-Engraving,  Effingham,  111.    L.  H.  Bissell 3 

Blackburn  college,  Carlinville,  111.    (1857)  ....    William  M.  Hudson.  PhD..  D.D 10 

Bonebrake  Theo.  Sem.,  The,  Dayton.  O.  (1871)    J.  P.  Landis.  D.D..  Ph.D 7 

Boston  college,   Boston,  Mass.    (1863) Very  Rev.  Charles  W.  Lyons.   S.J...   30 


Melvin  A.  Brannon.  D.D..  LL.D 31 

B.  W.  Valrntine.  A.M..  D.D 36 

W.  G.  Frost.  Ph.D..  D.D..  LL.D 68      2,088 

557 
708 
263 
318 


85 
13 


61 


Boston  university,  Boston.  Mass.    (1869) Lemuel  H.  Murlin,  D.D..  LL.D 262     4,256 

Bowdoin  college,  Brunswick.  Me.    (1794) Kenneth  C.  M.  Sills,  LL.D 25         332 

947 
200 
800 
1,136 
483 
642 
522 
390 
163 


,  ,         .  .       .  , 

Bradley  Polytechnic  institute,  Peoria,  111 Theodore  C.  Burgess.   Ph.D 42 

Bridgewater   college,    Bridgewater,    Va.    (1880)     Paul  H.  Bowman,  D.D 24 

Brigham  Young  college,  Logan,  Utah    (1877).     Christian  N.  Jensen,  Ph.D 35 

Brown  university,*  Providence,  R.  I.    (1764)  .  .     Wilham  H.  P.  Faunce,   D.D.,  LL.D.  80 

Bryn  Mawr  college,*  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa.   (1885)  .      ~ 

Bucknell  university.  Lewisburg,  Pa.    (1846)  . 

Butler  college,*   Indianapolis,  Ind.    (1850)... 

Campion  col..  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.   (1880)  . 

Canisius  college,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.    (1870) 


65 


Miss       .  C. 

John  Howard  Harris,   LL.D  .........   36 

Thomas  C.  Howe,  Ph.D  ..............  29 

Rev.  Albert  C.  Fox.  A.M..  S.J  .......   35 

Rev.  L.  M.  Ahern,  S.J..  A.M  .......    16 


Carleton  college,  Northfield,  Minn.    (1866)....    Donald  G.  Cowling-,  D.D.,   Ph.D  .....  40 
Carnegie  Inst.  Tech.,*   Pittsburgh,  Pa.    <1905)     A.  A.  Hammerschlag,  Sc.D..  LL.D.  .228  10 
rroll  college,  Waukesha,  Wis.    (1846)  ......    Herbert  P.  Houghton,  Ph.D.,  LL.D..    20 


450 


Carr 


Carson  &  Neman  col.,  Jeff.  City,  Tenn.  (1851)  W.    L.    Gentry 17 

Carthage  college,*   Carthage,  111.    (1870) H.  D.  Hoover.  A3!.,  B.D.,  Ph.D 30  328 

Case   Sch.   Ap.   Science,*   Cleveland,   O.    (1881)  Chas.  S.  Howe.  Ph.D.,  D.Sc..  LL.D.  50  550 

Catawba  college,  Newton,  N.  C.    (1851) A.  D.  Wolfinger,  D.D 12  185 

Cathedral  college.  New  York,  N.  Y.    (1903)..  William  F.  Hughes.  D.D 25  354 

Cath.  Univ.  of  Am.,  Washington,  D.  C.   (1889)  Thomas  J    Shahan,  D.D 85  1.835 

Cedarville  college,   Cedarville,   O.    (1887) W.  R.  McChesney.  Ph.D 13  181 

Centre  college,  Danville,  Ky.    (1819) William  A    Garfield.  D  D.,  LL.D 10  269 

Central  college,  layette,  Mo.    (1857) Paul  H.  Linn,  LL.B..  D.D 12  200 

Central  college.  Tuscaloosa,  Ala M.  W.   Hatton,  Litt.M 12  125 

Central  Wesleyan  col.,  Warrenton,  Mo.    (1864)  otto  E.  Kriege,  D.D..  A.M 25  .  325 

Chicago  Theological  sem..  Chicago,  111.   (1854)  Ozora  S    Davis.  Ph.D.,  D.D 10 

Chilocco  Indian  school.   Chilocco,   Okla 

Claflin  university,  Orangeburg-,  S.  C.    (1869). 


O.    H.   Lipps.    (supt.)  ...............   34 

Lewis  M.  Dunton.  A.M.,  D.D  .......   21 


_____________  _.    _.    ______  ...  .  .      ..,      . 

Clark  college,*  Worcester,  Mass.    (1902)  ......    Edmund  G.  Sanford,  Ph.D.,  LL.D...   23 


Clark  university,  Atlanta,   Ga.    (1870) 

Clark  university,*    Worcester,   Mass.    (1889)  . 
Clarkson  Col.  Tech.,*  Potsdam,  N.  Y.    (1896). 
Clemson  Ag.  col.,*  Clemson  Col..  S.  C.  (1896)  , 
Coe  college.  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa  (1881)  .... 

Colby  college,  Waterville,  Me.    (1820) '. 

Colgate  university,*  Hamilton,   N.  Y.    (1819) 


Hemy  A.  King.  D.D. 15 

G.   Stanley  Hall.  Ph.D.,   LL.D 27 

John  P.  Brooks.  Sc.D 15 

W.  M.  Rigsrs,  E.M.E..  LL.D 58 

John  A.  Marquis,   D.D..  LL.D 54 

Arthur  J.  Roberts.   A.M 23 

Elmer  B.  Bryan,.  LL.D..  L.H.D 50 


59 
600 
643 
160 
330 

66 

I 


)57 
1.037 
360 
650 

_  23         276 

Col.  of  City  of  New  York,""The,  N.  Y.    (1847)    Sydney ~E.  MezesTPh'.D..  LL^D. '.'.'.'.'.  .267  13,524 

College  of  Hawaii.  Honolulu    (1908) Arthur  L    Dean    AB,  Ph.D 23         145 

College  of  Idaho.  Caldwsll.  Idaho   (1891) William  J.   Boorie 15         272 

Collegreof  N.  Rochelle,  N.  Rochelle,  N.Y.  (19(M>     Joseph  F.  Mooney,  D.D 45         350 

Colleg-e  of  the  Pacific,  San  Jose.  Cal.   (1851  FT.    Tully  C.  Knoles,   D.D 25        350 


College  of  Emporia,  Emporia,  Kas.    (1882)...     Frederick  W.   Lewis,   D.D 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920.  241 


School,   location  and  date  of  founding-.  President. 

College  of  Wooster,  Wooster,  O.    (1868)  ......  Charles   F.   Wishart,    D  D  49 

Colorado  Agr.   col.,*  Ft.  Collins,  Col.    (1871).  Charles  A.  Lory.  LL.D                       "    71  887 

Colorado  col.,*  Colorado  Springs,  Col.   (1874)  .  Cljde  A.  Dunaway.  Ph.D.  LLD    '"40  60Q 

Colorado  Sch.  of  Mines,*  Golden,  Col.    (1874)  .  Victor  G.  Aldc^son    D  Sc                         20  279 

Columbia  univ.,*   New  York.  N.  Y.    (1754)..  N.  M.  'Jutler.  Ph.D..  LL.D  "Litt'D  1048  19804 

Concordia  collegre,  Bronxville,  N.  Y.  (1881)  .  .  .  George   A.    Romoser.   D.D...                     8  103 

Concordia  college,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.    (1839).  .  Rev.  Martin  Luecke...                            11  237 

Concordia  college,  Milwaukee.  Wis.    (1881)...  M.  J.  F.  Albrecht.  D.D...                  '.   10  153 

•Concordia  college,  St.  Paul,  Minn.    (1893)  ....  Theodore  Buenger    ____                              7  153 

[Connecticut  Agr.  col.,*  Storrs,  Conn.    (1881)..  Charles  L.  Beach.  B.S.,  M.S...'       '.'.   40  400 

-Conn.  Col.  for  Women,   N.  London    (1915)  ____  Benjamin  T.  Marshall    M.A     D  D    .   50  300 

^Converse  col.,*  Spartanburg,  S.  C.   (1890)...,  Robert  P.  Pell.   A.B..  Litt.D  ......   36  316 

'Cooper  college.  Sterling,  Kas.    (1887)  ........  R.   T.    Campbell,   D.D  .........            .    15  210 

f  Cornell  college.  Mount  Vernon,  Iowa    (1853).  diaries  Wesley  Flint,  D.D..  LLD...   44  T23 

Cornell  university,*  Ithaca,  N.  Y.    (1868)  ....  Jacob   G.   Schurman,  D.Sc..   LL.D...  776  5,297 

fCotner  university,  Bethany,  Neb.    (1889)  .....  Andrew  D.   Harmon,    AM...            ..   27  357 

.Creighton  university,  Omaha,  Neb.    (1879)....  Alex  J.   Burrows.    S.J  ........           ...140  1245 

iCulver-Stockton  col..  Canton,  Mo.    (1853)  ...  John  H.  Wood  .......................    17  158 

Cumberland  university.  Lebanon,  Tenn.   (1842)  Edward  P.  Childs,  A.M  ...............   19  211 

'Dakota  Wes.  univ..  Mitchell.  S.D.    (1883)...  Will.am    D.    Schermerhorn  ..........   33  717 

Dartmouth  college,*  Hanover,  N.  H.    (1769).  .  Ernest  M.  Hopkins.  Litt.D..  LL.D..  Ill  1,100 

Davidson  college,  Davidson,  N.  C.    (1837)....  William  J    Ma'rtin    PhD     LLD..   .    15  350 

'Defiance  college.  Defiance,  O.    (1902)  ........  Albert  G.'Caris,   M.A.,  Litt.  D  ......   43  525 

Delaware  college,*  Newark,  Del.    (1833)  ......  S.    C    Mitchell    PhD  ..........       51  50O 

Denison  university,  Granville,  O.    (1831)....  Clark   W.    Chamberlain.   Ph.D  .......  40  950 

De  Paul  university,  Chicago,  111.   (1898)  ......  Very  Rev.  F.X.McCabe.  C.M.    LLD.  85  1.315 

De  Pauw  university,  Greencastle.  Ind.   (1837).  Georgo  R.   Grose    DD     LLD..     ..45  1,062 

Des  Moines   college,   Des  Moines,    la.    (1865).  John  A    Earl    D'D  .  .                          ..   35  1.550 

Dickinson  college,  Carlisle,  Pa.    (1783)  .......  James  H.  Morgan.  LL.D...  .........    14  317 

Doane  college,  Crete,  Neb.    (1872)  ...........  John  N.  Bennett  .....................    18  223 

Drake  university,  Des  Moines.  Iowa   (1881)...  Arthur   Holmes.   Ph.D  ..............    60  1,475 

Drew  Theo.   seminary.   Madison,    N.   J.    (1866)  Ezra  S    Tipples  D  D.,,  LLD...   .....    18  242 

Drury  college,  Springfield,  Mo.    (1873)  .......  Thomas  W.  Nadal.  Ph.D  .............   32  403 

Dubuque  college.  Dubuque,  Iowa   (1873)  .....  Joha  C.   Stuart.   D.D  .................   45  1.02O 

Earlham  college,  Richmond.  Ind.    (1847)  .....  David   M.    Edwards  ..................   34  300 

Eastern  college,*  Manassas.  Va.   (1900)  ......  Hervin  U.  Roop.  Ph.D..  LL.D  .......   20  215 

Ellsworth  college.  Iowa  Falls,  Iowa   (1890)...  Ida  F.  Meyer.  Litt.M..  M.A  .........   20  412 

Elmhurst  academy.  Elmhurst.  111.   (1871)  ......  D.   Irion.   D.D  .......................      8  145 

Elmira  college.  Elmira,  N.  Y.    (1855)  ........  Frederick  Lent.  Ph.D  ................   32  323 

Elon  college.  Elon  College,  N.  C.   (1890)  ......  W.  A.  Harper.  M.  A..  Litt.D  ........   30  400 

Emory  and  Henry  college,  Emory,  Va.   (1838)  .  Charles  C.  Weaver,  A.  M.,   Ph.D...   12  225 

Emory  university,  Atlanta,  Ga."  (1836)  ......  W.  A.  Candler.  D.D..   LL.D  .........    54  654 

Erskine  college.  Due  West.  S.  C.    (1839)  ......  Jaines  S.  Moffat.  D.D  ................      8  120 

Eureka  college.  Eureka,  111.   (1855)  ..........  L.  O.  Lehman   (acting)  .............   28  383 

Evansville  college.  Evansville.  Ind.   (1807)....  A.  E.  Hughes.     (Being  reorganized.) 

Fairmount  college.   Wichita,   Kas.    (1895)....  W.   H.   Rollins.   D.D  ..................   26  43O 

Fargo  college,  Fargo,  N.  D.   (1888)  ..........  E.  Lte  Howard,   LL.D  ...............   31  587 

Findlay  college,  Findlay.  O.    (1882)  ........  William  Harris  Guyer.  A.M..  D.D...   19  669 

Fisk  university,  Nashville,   Tenn.    (1866)  .....  F*yette  A.  McKenzie.   Ph.D  .........    34  550 

Fordham  university.  New  York,  N.  Y.   (1841)  .  Rev.  E.  P.  Tivnan,  S.J.,  Ph.D  ......  309  2.943 

Frances  Shimer  sch..  Mt.  Carroll.  HI.    (1853).  Wm.  P.  McKee.  A.M.,   B.D.    (dean)    18  171 

Franklin  &  Marshall  col.,  Lancaster,  Pa.  (1887)  Henry  H.  Apple,  D.D..  LL.D  ........    15  300 

Franklin  college.  Franklin,  Ind.    (1834)  ......  W.   R.  Cornetet    (acting)  .............      8  HO 

Franklin  college,*  New  Athens,  O.   (1825)....  W.  M.  Hughesv  A.M..   B.D  ..........      7  107 

Friends  university,  Wichita.  Kas.    (1898)  .....  Edmund  Stanley,  A.M..  LL.D  ........    18  268 

Furman  university,  Greenville,  S.  C.    (1851).  .  W.  J.  McGlothlin.  Ph.D..  D.D..LL  D.  12  286 

Gallaudet  college,  Washington,  D.  C.   (1864)..  Percival   Hail,   M.A..   Litt.D  .........   15  107 

General  Theo.  sem..  New  York,  N.  Y.    (1817)  Rev.  H.  Fosbroke,   D.D     (dean)  ----   16  54 

George  Peabody  college.  Nashville,  Tenn  ......  Bruce  B.  Payne.  A.M..  Ph.D  .........  135  2,000 

Geo.  Washington  U.,  The,  Wash..  D.  C.  (1821)  William  M.  Collier.  LL.D  ............  259  3.15O 

Georgetown  college,  Georgetown,  Ky.    (1829)..  M.  B.  Adams,   D.D.,  LL.D  ...........    21  416 

Georgetown  univ.,  Washington,  D.  C.,  (1789)  .  ..  John  B   Creeden  ......................  167  1.182 

Georgia  Sch.-  of  Tech.  Atlanta.  Ga.    (1888)....  Kenneth  G.  Mathesorv   A.M..  LL.D.  8.9  3,017 

Goshen  college.  Goshen,  Ind.    (1903)  ...........  Henry  F.  Reist  .......................    23  318 

Goucher  college.  Baltimore.  Md.    (1888)  ......  William  W.   Guth.   Ph.D  .............   65  712 

Graceland  college,*  Lamoni,  Iowa   (1895)....  Georg-o  N.  Briggs,  B.A..  B.D  .........   21  320 

Grand  Island  col.,  Grand  Island,  Neb.    (1892).  Arthur  T.  Belknap    ................   13  135 

Greenville  college,  Greenville,  111.    (1892)  .....  Eldon  G.  Burritt,  A.M  ...............   20  275 

Grinnell  college,  Grinnell,  Iowa  (1847)  .......  J.  H.  T.  Main.  Ph.D.,  LL.D  .........   63  876 

Grove  City  college,*  Grove  City,  Pa.    (1876)..  Weir  C.   Kei-tler  ......................   45  712 

Guilford  col.,  Guilford  College,  N.  C.    (1888).  Raymond  Bmford  ..................    15  177 

Gustavus  Adolphus  col.,  St.  Peter,  Minn.  (1862)  O.  J.  Johnson,  B.D  ...................   23 

Hamilton  college,*  Clinton,  N.  Y.   (1812)  .....  Frederick  C.  Ferry.  A.  M..  Ph.D  .....   23  235 

Hamline  university,  St.  Paul,  Minn.    (1854)...  Samuel  F.  Kerfoot,   D.D  .............   36  550 

Hamp.-Sidney  col.,  Hampden-Sidney,  Va.  (1776)  J.  D.   Eggelston,  A.M..  LL.D  ........      9  158 

Hampton  institute,*  Hampton,  Va.    (1868)...  James  E.  Gregg.  D.D  .................  Ill  1.222 

Hanover  college,  Hanover,  Ind.    (1832)  .......  William    A.    Millis.    LL.D  ...........    15  281 

Harvard  university.*  Cambridge,  Mass.    (1636)  A.  L.  Lowell.  M.A.,  LL.D..   Ph.D.  ..814  4.515 

Hastings  college,  Hastings,  Neb.    (1882)....  R.   B.  Crone  ..........................   21 

Haverford   college,    Haverford,    Pa.    (1833)...  William  W.  Comfort.  Ph.D.,  LL.D..  .   25  200 

Hedding  college.   Abingdon,   111.    (1856)  ......  William  W.  Ballingrer  ................    17  192 

Heidelberg  university,  Tiffin.  O.   (1850)  .......  Charles  E.  Miller,  D.D..  LL.D  .......   27 

Henderson-Brown  col..  Arkadelphia.  Ark.  (1890)  J.  M.  Workman.  A.B..  LL.D  .........   21  253 

Hendrix  college,  Conway,  Ark.    (1884)  .......  J.  H.  Reynolds.  A.M..  LL.D  .........   15  511 

Henry  Kendall  college,  Tulsa,  Okla.    (1895).  .  .  Arthur  Lee  Odell.  D.D  ...............   19  313 

Highland  college,  Highland,  Kas.   (1857)  .....  W.  Gilbert  James,  Ph.D  .............     8  68 


242  ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 

Instruc-  Stu- 
School.  location  and  date  of  founding.  President.  tors,  dents. 

Hillsdale  college,  Hillsdaie,  Mich.    (1855) Joseph  W.  Mauck.  A.M..   LL.D 14  344 

Hiram  college,  Hiram,   O.    (185U) Miner  Lee  Bates.  A.M.,  LL.D 22  354 

Hiwasse  college,*  Madisonviile,  Tenn.    (1849).  J.  E.  Lowry,  A.M 9  198 

HoDart  college,*  Geneva,  N.  Y.    (18^2) Murray   Bartlett.   D.D 22  94 

Holy  Cross  c-Cilege,  Worcester,  Mass.   (1843)..  Rev.   James  J.  Carlin,   S.J 32  575 

Hope  college.  Holland,  Mich.    (18bb) Edward   D.    Dimnent.    D.D 22  423 

Howard  college,  Birmmgnam,  Ala.   (1889)....  E.  R.  Eagles   (acting) 15  422 

Howard  Payne  col.,  Brownwood,  Tex.    (1890).  J.    A.    Tolman,    Ph.D 20  669 

Howard  univ.,*   Washington,  D.  C.    (1867)...  J.  Stanley  Durkee.  Ph.D 131  1,360 

Hunter  college,*  New  York,  N.  Y.    (1870)...  George  S.  Davis,  LL.D 140  1.621 

Huron  college,  Huron,  S.  D.    (1883) Henry   Morehouse  Gage,   LL.D 24)  392 

Illinois  college,  Jacksonville.  111.    (1829) C.  H.  Rammelkamp,  Ph.D 25  499 

Illinois  Col.   of   Photography,    Effingham,   111..  L.  H.  Bissell... 7  195 

Illinois  State  Normal  univ.,  Normal    (1857)..  David  Felmly,  LL.D 101  2.300 

Illinois  Wes.  univ.,  Bloomington,  111.   (1850)..  The9dore  Kemp,   D.D.,  LL.D 40  606 

Indiana  university,*  Bloomington,  Ind.    (1820)  William  Lowe  Bryin.  Ph  D  ,  LL.D.  150  3.210 

£owa  State  Col.  of  Ag.  &  Mech.  Arts,  Ames  C69)  Raymond  A.  Pearson,  LL.D 287  3,692 

Iowa  Wesleyan  col.,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa  (1842)  Edwin  A.  Schell,  A.M.,  D.D..  Ph.D.  20  265 

Jamestown  college,  Jamestown,  N.  D.   (1909)  ..  Bareiid  H.  Kroeze,  A.M..  D.D..LL.D.  23  303 

James  Milliken  univ.,  Decatur,  111.   ( 1901 ) A.  R.  Taylor 73  a. 538 

John  B.  Stetson  univ.,*  DeLand,  Fla.    (1883).  Lincoln  Hullcy,  Ph.D.,  Litt.D.,  LL.D.  34  649 

Johns  Hopkins  univ.,*   Baltimore,  Md.    (1876)  Frank    ^    Goodnow,   LL.D 300  1,986 

Judson  college,  Marion,  Ala.   (1838) Paul    ,  .  Bomar.   A.B.,  D.D 26  335 

Juniata  college,  Huntington,  Pa.   (1876) I.  H.  Brumbaugh,  A.M 22  310 

Kalamazoo  college,  Kalamazoo,  Mich.    (1833).  H.  L.  Stetson,  D.D 16  287 

Kansas  City  univ.,  Kansas  City,  Kas.    (1886)  .  .  A.  N.  Yv'ard.  D.D. .LL.D.,  (chancellor)    13  HO 

Kansas  Wesleyan  univ.,  Salina.  Kas.    (1886)..  A.   H.  King.   D.D 21  362 

Kemper  Hall,  Kenosha,  Wis.    (1871) Mother  Mary   Maude 17  100 

Kentucky  Wes.  col.,  Winchester.  Ky.    (1866)..  (Vacancy)    13  223 

Kenyon  college,  Gambier,  O.   (1824) William  F.  Peirce,  L.H.D..  D.D 14  115 

Kingfisher   college.    Kingfisher,    Okla.    (1894).  Henry    W.    TuUle 13  136 

Knox  college,  Galesburg,  111.   (1837) Jas.    L.    McConaughy.   Ph.D 36  761 

Knoxville  college,  Knoxville,  Tenn.  (1875).  .     .  James    K.    Giffin    21  534 

Lafayette  college,  Easton,  Pa.    (1832) J.  H.  McCraoken.  Ph.D..  LL.D 47  462 

LaGrange  college,  LaGrange,  Mo .  . Daniel  J.  Scott H  170 

Lake  Erie  college,*  Painesville,  O.   (1837)  .  .  .  Miss  V.  Small.  M.A..  Litt.D.,  LL.D.  21  140 

Lake  Forest  col.,*  Lake  Forest,  111.   (1876)  .  .  .  Hcr.ry  W.  Wright   (acting) 20  167 

Lander  college,  Greenwood,  S.  C.    (1872) John   O.    Willson.    D.D 23  297 

Lane  college,  Jackson,  Tenn J.  F.  Lane,  A.M..  Ph.D 19  400 

Lane  Theological  sem..  Cincinnati,  O.    (1832).  William   McKibbin,    D.D,    LL.D 5  3o 

LaSalle  college,  Philadelphia,  Pa.   (1867) Rev.  Brother  Richard.  F.S.C 22 

Lawrence  college,*  Appleton.  Wis.   (1847) Samuel  Plantz.  Ph.D.,  LL.D 57 

Leander  Clark  college,  Toledo,  O.    (1856)....  Henry  W.  Ward   (acting) 14  176 

Lebanon  university,*   Lebanon,  O.    (1855) H.  O.Cunningham.  M.A 23  452 

Lebanon  Valley  college.  Annville,  Pa.    (1866).  G.  O.   Gossard.   D.D 20  443 

Lehigh  univ.*    South  Bethlehem,  Pa.    (1866).  Henry  S.  Drinker    E.M.,  LL.D 85  901 

Leland  Stanford.  Jr.,  U.,*  Stan.  U.,  Cal.  (1891)  Ray  L.  Wilbur,  A.M..  M.D 275  1,700 

Lenox   college,   Hopkinton,   Iowa    (1856) J.    F.    Hinkhouse,    D.D 10  102 

Lewis  institute,  Chicago.  111.   (1865) «.  George  N.  Carman  (director) 75  3,000 

Lincoln  univ.,  Lincoln  Univ.,  Pa.    (1857) John  B.  Rendall,  D.D 12  136 

Lincoln  college,  Lincoln,  111.    (1865) H.  L.  Rickert   (acting) 12  225 

Lincoln  Inst.  .of  Ky.,  Lincoln  Ridge,  Ky A.   E.  Thomson.   D.D 15 

Livingstone  college,  Salisbury,  N.  C D.   C.   Suggs.   A.M,   D.D 25  504 

Lombard  college,*  Galesburg,  111.   (1851) Joseph  H.  Tilden.  A.M..  LL.D 20  200 

Louisiana  college.  Pineville,  Ala.    (1906) C.    Cottingham.    M.A.. 16 

Louisiana  St.  univ.,*  Baton  Rouge.  La.   (I860)  Thomas  D.  Boyd.  A.M.,  LL.D 75  1.857 

Loyola  university.  Chicago,  111.    (1869) John  B.  Furay,  S.J 150  1.879 

Luther  college,  Decorah,  Iowa   (1861) Rev.  C.  K.  Preus,  A.B 16  129 

Macalester  college,  St.  Paul,  Minn.    (1884)...  E'mer  Allen  Bess 22  344 

Manhattan  college,  New  York,  N.  Y.   (1863)  .  .  Kev    Brother  Edward.  F.S.C 20  25o 

Marietta  college,*  Marietta,  O.    (1835)..           .  Edward  S.  Parsons.   A.M.,  L.H.D...   20  300 

Marquette  univ.,   Milwaukee,   Wis.    (1864)....  R?v.  Herbert  C.  Noonan,  S.J 259  2,020 

Maryland  St.  Col.  of  Agr.,  Col.  Pk.,  Md.  (1856)  Alfred  F.  Woods,  D  Sc 50  224 

Maryville  college,  Maryville,  Tenn.    (1819)...  Snmuel  T.  Wilson,  D.D  .  LL.D 60  826 

Mass.   Agr.  col.,*   Amherst,   Mass.    (1863)..     .  Kenyon  L.  Bntterficld,  A.M..  LL.D.,   70  500 

Mass.   Inst.   of  Technology,  Cambridge    (1861)  R.  C.  Maclaurin,  A.M.,  LL.D..  D.Sc.  242  1,950 

McCormick  Theo.  sem.,  Chicago,  111.    (1829)  .  .  James  G.  K.  McClure,  D.D..  LL.D...   16  143 

McKendree  college,  Lebanon,  111.   (1828) G.  E.  McCammon,  D.D 15  232 

McMinville  college,  McMinville,  Ore.   (1857)..  Leonard  W.   Riley.  D.D. 16  173 

Mercer  university,  Mllcon.  Ga.   (1837)...            .  Rufus  W    Weaver,  Th.D.,  D.D 35  443 

Meredith  college,  Raleigh,  N.  C.    (1899)  Charles  E.  Brewer,  LL.D 28  433 

Miami  university,  Oxford,  O.    (1809) '..  R.  M.  Hughes,   M.Sc 75  836 

Michigan  Agr.  col..  East  Lansing,  Mich.  (1857)  Frank  S.  Kedzie 157  1,725 

Mich.  Col.  of  Mines,*  Houghton,  Mich.    (1884)  F.  W.  McNair,  B.S..  B.Sc 23  143 

Middlebury  college,*  Middlebury,  Vt.    (1800)..  John  M.  Thomas.  D.D..  LL.D 33  72b 

Midland  college,  Atchison.  Kas.   (1887)..           .  E    E.  Stauffer 18  201 

Milligan  col.,  Milligan  College,  Tenn.   (1882).  H    J.  Derthick 12  145 

Mills  college,*  Oakland,  Cal.    (1885) AiTrelia  H.  Reinhardt,   Ph.D.,  LL.D    54  350 


Millsaps  college,  Jackson,  Miss.    (1892) A.  F.  Watkms,  A.B.,  D.D 

Milton  college,  Milton,  Wis.    (1867) Rev.  W.  C    Daland,  M  A.,  D.D 

Milton  university,*  Baltimore,  Md.    (1847)....  William  H.  Heaps,    Ph.D.,  LL.D... 

Milwaukee-Downer  college,  Milwaukee.  Wis.  .  .  Miss  Ellen  C.  Sabin,  M.A.,  LL.D.. 


15  224 

14  178 

12  250 

36  269 


Milwaukee-Downer  seminary,   Milwaukee,   Wis.  Macy  D    Rodman  (dean) 23  273 

Miss.  A.  &  M.  col..  Agricultural  College,  Miss.  W.  K.  Smith.  LL.D 86  2,163 

Mississippi  college,  Clinton,  Miss.    (1826) J.  W.  Provine,  D.D.,  Ph.D 12  575 

Missouri  Valley  col..  Marshall,  Mo.    (1889)...  W.   H.   Black.   D.D.,  LL.D 13  232 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


243 


School,   location  and  date  of  founding. 
Missouri  Wesleyan  col.,  Cameron,  Mo.    (1887). 
Monmouth  college,  Monmouth,  111.   (1857)  .... 
Montana  State  college,*  Bozeman   (1893)  .... 
Montana  Wesleyan  college,  Helena   (1889) 

Morgan  college,  Baltimore,  Md.    (1867) 

Morningside  college,  Sioux  City,  Iowa  (1894). 
Morris  Brown  university,  Atlanta,  Ga.  (1885)  . 
Mount  Angel  col.,  Mount  Angel,  Ore.  (1887)  .  . 
Mount  Holyoke  col.,*  S.  Hadley.  Mass.  (1837) 
Mount  St.  Mary's  col.,  Emmitsburg,  Md.  (1808) 
Mount  Union  college,  Alliance,  O.  (1858)  .... 
Muhlenburg  college,  Allentown,  Pa.  (1867).. 
Municipal  Univ.  of  Akron,  Akron,  O.  (1870)  .  . 
Musking-um  college,  New  Concord,  O.  (1837)  . 
Neb.  Christian  univ.,  Bethany,  Neb.  (1888).. 
Neb.  Wes.  univ.,  Univ.  Place,  Neb.  (1888).. 
Newberry  college,  Newberry,  S.  C.  (1856)  .  .  .. 
N  H  Col.  of  Ag.  &  Mech.  Arts,*  Durham  <  1866) 
New  Orleans  univ..  New  Orleans,  La.  (1873)  . 
New  Rochelle  college.  New  Rochelle.  N.  Y  . 
Newton  Theo.  inst..  New.  Center,  Mass. (1825) 
New  York  univ.,*  New  York,  N.  Y.  (1830)  .  . 
Niagara  univ.,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.  (1856).. 
N.CSt.Col.of  Ag.&Eng.,*W.Raleigh,NC.U889) 
N.  C.  Col.  for  Women.*  Greensboro.N.C. (1892) 
N.  Dakota  Agricultural  col..*  Fargo  (1890).. 

Northland  college,    Ashland,   Wis.    (1892) 

North-Western  college,  Naperville,  111.  (1861). 
N.  W.  Mil.  &  Nav.  acad.,  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 
Northwestern  univ.,  Evanston,  111.  (1865)  .  .  . 
Norwich  university,  Northfield,  Vt.  (1819)  .  . 

Oberlin  college.*  Oberlin.  O.   (1833) 

Occidental  college,  Los  Angeles.  Cal.  (1887)  .  . 
Ohio  Northern  university.  Ada.  O.  (1871).... 
Ohio  State  university.*  Columbus.  O.  (1870). 

Ohio  university,*   Athens,  O.    (1804) 

Ohio  Wesleyan  univ..*  Delaware.  O.  (1842).. 
Okla.  Agr.  &  Mech.  col.*  Stillwater  (1891).. 

Oklahoma  City  col..  Okla.  City   C1881) 

Oregon  Agricultural  col.,*  Corvallis  (1885)... 
Oriental  univ.,*  Washington,  D.  C.  (1903)  .... 

Ottawa  university,   Ottawa.   Kas.    (1865) 

Otterbein  college,  Westerville,  O.   (1847) 

Ouachita  college.  Arkadelphia.  Ark.  (1886)... 
Pacific  university.  Forest  Grove,  Ore.  (1849). 

Paine  college,  Augusta,  Ga,   (1882) 

Park  college.*  Parkville.  Mo.    (1875) 

Parsons  college,  Fairfield,  Iowa  (1875) 

Penn  college,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa   (1873) 

Pennsylvania  col.,  Gettysburg,  Pa.  (1832)... 
Pennsylvania  Col.  for  Worn.,*  Pitts.,  Pa.  (1869) 
Pennsylvania  Mil.  col.*  Chester,  Pa.  (1858).. 
Pennsylvania  State  col..  The,*  State  Col.,  Pa. 
Philander  Smith  col..  Little  Rock,  Ark.  (1887) 

Piedmont    college,    Demorest,    Ga.  (1897) 

Polytechnic  inst..*  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.   (1854)  .  .  . 

Pomona  college,*  Claremont,  Cal.    (1887) 

Potomac  univ.,*  Washington,  D.  C.   (1904)  .  .  . 

Pratt  institute.*  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.   (1887) 

Presbyt'n  Col.  of  S.  C..  Clinton.  S.  C.  (1905)  . 
Princeton  Theo.  sem..  Princeton.  N.  J.  (1812) 
Princeton  university.*  Princeton,  N.  J.  (1746) 
Pritchett  college,*  Glasgow,  Mo.  (1868)  .... 
Purdue  university.*  Lafayette,  Ind.  (1874)  .  .  . 
Radcliffe  college.*  Cambridge.  Mass.  (1879).. 
Rand.-Macon  Col.  for  Men.  Ashland,  Va.  (1830) 
Rand  -M aeon  Wom.'s  col.,  Lynchburg.Va.(1893) 

Redfield  college.  Redfield.   S.  D.    (1887) 

Rensselaer  Poly,  inst..*  Troy.  N.  Y.  (1824).... 
Rhode  Island  State  col.,*  Kingston,  R.  I.  (1892) 

Rice  institute.  Houston,  Tex.   (1912) 

Richmond  college.  Richmond.  Va.  (1832)  .... 
Rio  Grande  college.  Rio  Grande.  O.  (1876)  .  .  . 

Ripon  college.*  Ripon,  Wis.   (1850) 

Roanoke  college,  Salem.  Va.    (1853) 

Rochester  Mech.  inst.,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  (1885) 
Rochester  Theo.  sem.,  Rochester.  N.  Y.  (1850) 
Rockford  Col.  for  Worn..*  Rockford,  111  (1847) 
Rock  Hill  college.  Ellicott  City,  Md.  (1857).. 
Rollins  college.*  Winter  Park,  Fla.  (1885)  .  .  . 
Rose  Poly,  inst..*  Terre  Haute.  Ind.  (1883).  . 

Rust  college.  Holly  Springs.  Miss.   (1868) 

Rutgers  college.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  (1766) 
St.  Anselm's  col..  Manchester,  N.  H.  (1899).. 
St.  Benedict's  college.  Atchison,  Kas.  (1858)  .  . 
St.  Charles  college,  Catonsville.  Md.  (1848)  .  . 


President. 
Cameron  Harmon,  A.M.,   D.D. 

T.  H.  McMichael,  A.M.,  D.D 2( 

James  M.  Hamilton,  M.S 

Leon  H.  Swoetland.  M.A.,  B.D 20 

John  O.  Spencer,  Ph.D 31 

Frank  E.  Mossman.  D.D 34 

W.  A.  Fountain.  D.D..  PhD 30 

Rov.  Thomas  Meier,  O.S.B 20 

MissM.E.Woolley.M.A.,Litt.D.L.H  D.101 
Very  Rev.  B.  J.  Bradley,  A.M..LL.D.   42 

W.  H.  McMaster,  A.M..  D.D 28 

John  A    W.  Haas,  D.D.,  LL.D...       .    15 

P;irko  R.  Kolbe,  Ph.D 30 

J.  K.  Montgomery.  D.D 40 

A.   D.   Harmon,    A.M 27 

I.  B.  Schreckengast,  Ph.M 45 

Sidney  J.  Devrick 10 

Ralph  D.  Hetzel.  LL  B..  LL.D 58 

Charles  M.  Melden,   D.D..   Ph.D 18 

Joseph  F.   Mooney.    D.D 25 

George  F.  Horr,  D.D.,  LL.D 8 

E.  E.  Brown,  Ph  D..  LL.D.  (chan  )  .433 
Very  Rev.  Wm.E.Katzenberger,  C.M.  18 

W.  C.  Riddick,  A.B..  C.E..  LL.D 60 

Julius  S.  Foust,   LL.D 83 

Edwin   F.   Ladd.   B.S.,   LL.D 59 

Joseph  D.  Brownell 16 

Edward  E.  Rail.  Ph.D 26 

Col.  R.  P.  Davidson.  A.M 16 

Lynn  Hough,   D.D 444 

H    R.   Roberts.   D.C.L.    (acting)....   20 
Henry  C.   King,   D.D.,   LL.D...       ...132 

Silas  Evans,  D.D..  LL.D 27 

Albert  E.  Smith,  D  D..  Ph.D 35 

William  O.  Thompson.  D.D.,  LL.D..  556 

Alston  Ellis.   Ph.D.,   LL.D 120 

John  W.  Hoffman,  D  D..  LL.D 78 

J.  W.  Cantwell 112 

E.  G.  Green 


Edgar  O.  Lovett.  Ph.D.,  LL.D  ....   90 

F.   W.   Boatwright.  M.A..  LL.D 37 

Simeon  H.  Bing,  A.M...  .    12 

H.  C.  Culbcrtson.   D.D.,  LL.D 28 

J.  A.  Morehead.  D.D 20 

James   F.    Barker ..   60 

Clarence  A.  Barbour,   DD..  .15 

William  A.  Maddox.  Ph.D 30 

Brother  E.   Pius.  F.S.C 10 

George  M.  Ward.  D.D..  LL.D...  25 

Carl  L.   Mees.   Ph.D 22 

George  Evans.  A.M..  D.D 24 

W.  H.  S.  Demarest.  D.D..  LL.D 95 

Abbot  Ernest.   O.S.B 15 

Rt.-Rev.  Innocent  Wolf.  O.S.B 23 

Charles  D.  Hogue.  S.S..  Ph.D 17 


777 
843 
175 

lit 
!§g 

529 

1,046 

351 

854 

218 

607 

385 

25G 

60 

9,129 
250 
2.100 
1.299 
722 
180 
392 
220 
4,759 
248 
1.614 
312 
1.173 
5.725 
3.957 
1,381 
1.753 
173 
3.186 
200 
386 
528 
402 
150 
303 
300 
458 
402 
578 
185 


William  J.  Kerr,  D.Sc...  ...161 

H.  P.  Holler.  Ph.D.,  S.T.D 50 

SiJcs  Eber  Price.  D.D 28 

W.  G.  Clippinger,  A.B..  D.D 31 

Charles  E    Dicken.  A.M..  D.D 26 

Robert  F.  Clark.  A.M 14 

Albert  D.  Betts.  A.M..  D.D 20 

Frederick  W.  Hawley.  D.D..  LL.D..  .    15 
R.  Amos  Montgomery,  D.D..  LL.D..    23 

Henry   E.   McGrew.  A.M.,   D.D 28 

W.   A.   Granville,   Ph.D..   LL.D 30 

John  C.  Acheson.  LL.D 23 

Col.  C.   E.  Hyatt,  C.E.,  LL.D 25         15 

Edwin   Erie  Sparks.   Ph.D.,  LL.D..  .267     5.54i 

Rev.  James  M.  Cox,  D.D 24 

Frank  E.Jenkins,  D.D 27 

Fred  W.  Atkinson.  Ph.D 45 

James  A.  Blaisdell,  D.D 50 

Ernest  W.   Porter,  LL.D 20 

C.  L».  Pratt.  A.M.    (director) 182 

Davison  McD.  Douglas,  M.A..  D.D..    13 

J.  Ross  Stevenson.  D.D..  LL.D 14 

John  Grier  Hibben.  Ph.D..  LL.D 200 

Osoar  Dahlene.  MS 8 

W.  E.   Stone.  Ph.D.  LL.D 204 

LeB.  R.  Briggs.  A.M.,  LL.D.,  Litt.D.128 
Robert  E.  Blackwoll.  A.M..  LL.D...    14 

William  A.  Webb,  Litt.D 50 

Edward  A.  Fath.  Ph.D 8 

P.  C.  Ricketts.  C.S.    E.D..  LL.D 60 

Howard  Edwards,  LL.D 32 


507 
326 
980 
701 

3,843 
127 
114 

1.500 

2,eol 

561 
262 
610 
83 
623 
254 
678 
500 
415 
380 
297 

1.777 
97 
216 
120 
193 
200 
407 

1,104 
186 


244 ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB    1920. 

School,  location  and  date  of  founding.  President.                                                   or 

St.  John's  college,  Annapolis,  Md.    (1784) Thomas  Fell.  PhD.    LL  D     DCL       °6 

St.  John's  college,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.   (1870) Very  Rev.  John  W.  Moore"  C.M  '         30 

St.  John's  college,  Washington,  D.  C.    (1866)..  Brother  D.  E.  Edward,  LL  D.             '    15 

St.  John's  college,  Winneld,  Kas A.  W.  Meyer 9  iHs 

St.  John's  Military  academy,  Delafield.  Wis.  .  .  Sidney  T.  Smythe.  Ph.D.    D.D         "   25  400 

St.  John's  univ.,   Collegevilie,  Minn.    (1857)..  Rt.  Rev.  Peter  Engel,  O.S.B.,  PhD    51  402 

St.  Joseph's  college,  Collegeville,  Ind.    (1891).  Rev.  I.  A.  Wagner,   C.P.,  P.S..  Ph.D'.  24  300 

St.  Lawrence  university,  Canton,  N.  Y.   (1858)  Richard  E.  Sykes,  D.D...   .                     80  550 

St.  Louis  university,  St.  Louis,  Mo.    (1818)  .  .  .  Very  Rev.  Bernard  J.  Otting    s'.J.'  235  2  103 

St.  Mary  college.  Dayton.  O.   (1878) Joseph  A.  Tetzloff '.   40  *800 

St.  Mary's  college,  Oakland.  Cal.  (1863) Brother   Gregory.   F.S.C..   A.B...     ..   30  310 

St.  Mary's  college,   St.  Mary's.  Kas.    (1848)..  Rev.  W.  E.  Cogley.   S.J...                 ..   25  400 

St.  Mary's  college,  St.  Mary's.  Ky,    (1821)..  ..  Rev.  M.  Jaglowicz.  C.R...                  .    10  120 

St.  Meinrad  Seminary.  St.  Meinrad.  Ind.  (1857)  Rt.-Rev.  A.  A.  Abbot,  O.S.B...         .    20  180 

St.  Olaf  college,  Northfield,  Minn.    (1874) L.   W.  Boe.  D.D ,.    40  6 

St.  Paul's  college,  Concordia,  Mo J.  H.  C.   Kaeppel 8  1 

St.  Stanislaus  college,  Chicago,  111.    (1890)...     Rev.  L.  G.  Zapala.  C.R.,  A.M 10  22- 

St.  Stephen's  coL.Annandale  on  H'd'n.N.Y.C '60)    I.F.Davidson  (acting) 8  89 

St.  Viator  college.  Kankakee,  111.    (1868) Rsv.   James  F.   Ryan 53  300 

Scarritt  Morrisville  col..  Morrisville,  Mo.   C46)    A.    M.   Norton 7  70 

Scotia  Women's  col..  Concord/N.  C.  (1870)....    A.  W.   Verner.  D.D 20  275 

Seton  Hall  college,- South  Orange,  N.  J.   (1856)    James  F.  Mooney.  D.D..  LL.D 19  321 

Shaw  university,  Raleigh,  N.  C.    (1865) Charles  F.  Meserve.  LL.D 23  408 

Shorter  college,  Rome.  Ga.    (1877) A.  W.  Van  Hoose,  A.M..  LL.D 24  272 

Shurtleff  college,  Alton,  111.   (1827) George  M.  Potter.  A.M 14-  198 

Simmons  college,*  Boston,  Mass.    (1899) Henry  Lafavour,  Ph.D..  LL.D 125  1,406 

Simpson  colleere,  Indianola,  Iowa    (1860) (Vacancy)     35  530 

Sioux  Falls  college,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D D.  F.   Charles    (chancellor) 16  150 

Smith  college.*  Northampton,  Mass.    (1872)..  William  A.   Neilson.  Ph.D..  LL.D...183  2.103 

S.  Dakota  Sch.  of  Mines,*    Rapid  City    (1885)    C    C    O'Harra,   Ph.D 12  100 

S.  Dakota  State  col.,*  Brookings,  S.  D.   (1871)    W.  E.  Johnson.  Ph.D..  LL.D 75  1.200 

So.  Baptist  Theo.  sem.,  Louisville,  Ky.   (1859)    Edgar  Y.  Mullins.  D.D..  LLJD 14  345 

Southwestern  college,  Winfleld,  Kas.    (1885)...    Albert  E.  Kirk,  Ph.D..  D.D 22  406 

S'thwest'n  Pres.  univ.,  Clarksville,  Tenn. ( 1875)    Charles  E.  Diehl    (chancellor) 12  181 

Southwestern  univ.,  Georgetown,  Tex.    (1873)  .    Charles  McT.  Bishop,  A.M.,  D.D 20  709 

Spelman  seminary,  Atlanta,  Ga    Miss  Lucy  Hale  Tapley 52  824 

tpringhill  college,  Mobile,  Ala.  "(1830) J.  C.  Kearns,   S.J 28  467 

tate  Col.  of  Wash.,*  Pullman,  Wash.    (1892)    E.   0.  Holland.  Ph.D 125  1.958 

State  Univ.  of  Iowa,*  Iowa  City,  la.    (1847).    Walter  A.  Jessup.  Ph.D 272  4.002 

State  university.  Louisville,  Ky C.  H.  Parrish.  D.D..  F.R.G.S 14  181 

State  Univ.   of  Montana,*   Missoula    (1895)..    Edward  O.   Sisson.  Ph.D.., 62  1.134 

Stevens  Institute  of  Tech.,*   Hoboken,   N.   J.  .  A.  C.  Humphreys.  M.E..  Sc.D..  LL.D.  43  469 

Straight  college.  New  Orleans,  La.    (1869)...     Howard  A.  M.   Briggrs 30  535 

Suomi  college,  Hancock.  Mich.    (1896) J.  Margelin.  A.B.,  D.D 10  130 

Susquehanna  univ.,  Sellinsgrove,  Pa.   (1869)..    Charles   T    Aikens,    D.D 4  14 

Swarthmore  college,  Swarthmore.  Pa.  (1869)..  Joseph   Swain.   B.L..    M.S..   LL.D...    40  487 

Syracuse  university,*  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  (1870)..  James  R.  Day.  LL.D.    (chancellor)  35O  4,033 

Tabor  college.  Tabor,  Iowa   (1866) Nelson  W.  Weihrhan,  Ph.B..  B.D....    14 

TaUadega  college.*   Talladega.  Ala.    (1867)....    Frederick  A.  Sumner.  M.A 41  631 

Tarkio  college,  Tarkio,  Mo.    (1883) Joseph  A.  Thompson,  D.D..  LL.D...   23  268 

Taylor  university.  Upland,  Ind.   (1848) Monroe  Vayhinger.  D.D 20  246 

Teachers  college.*  New  York.  N.  Y.    (1888)..  J.  E.  Russell.  Ph.D..  LL.D,    (dean) .215  2,363 

Teach.  Col.  of  Indpls.,  The.*  Indpls.. Ind.  (1882)    Mrs.  Eliza  A.  Baker.  LL.D 35  1.034 

Temple  university,*  Philadelphia,  Pa.    (1884).    Russell  H.  Conwell,  D.D..  LL.D 325  4.646 

Texas  Christian  univ..  Ft.  Worth.  Tex.    (1873)     Edward  McShane  Waits.   A.B 40 

Throop  Col.  of  Tech.*  Pasadena,  Cal.   (1891)..  James  A.  B.  Scherer.  Ph.D.,  LL.D...   47 

Tillotson   college.    Austin,    Tex.    (1881) F.W.Fletcher  15 

Tome  school.  The,*  Port  Deposit.  Md .Murray  P.    Brush.  Ph.D 19 

Tougaloo  college.  Tougaloo,  Miss.    (1869)..     .     Wm.   T.    Holmes 26 

Transylvania  college.  Lexington.  Ky.    (1793)..  R.    H.  Crossfield.  Ph.D.,  LL.D 

Trinity  college,  Durham,  N.  C.  1838).  .              .  William  P.  Few.  A.M..  Ph.D 

Trinity  college.*  Hartford.  Conn.   (1823) (Vacancy) 

Trinity  college,  Washington,  D    C     (1900)  Sister  Catherine  Aloysius.  S.N.D. 

Trinity  university,  Waxahachie',  Tex.   (1869)'  "S    L.  Hornbeak.  Ph.D..  LL.D 

Tufts  college.  Tufts  College,  Mass.   (1852) H.   C.  Bumpus.  Ph.D..   Sc.D.,  LL  D.265  . 

Tulane  university,*  New  Orleans,  La.   (1834).      A.   B.   Dinwiddie.    LL.D 351  2.949 

Tusculum  college,  Greenville,  Tenn.   (1794)...     C.  O.  Gray.  D.D 23  216 

Tuskegee,  institute,*  Tuskegee,  Ala.  (1881)  .  .  .     Robert  Bussa  Moton,  D.D 193  2,481 

Union  Christian  college,  Meron,  Ind.    (I860)..     C.  B.  Hershey 12t 

Union  college,  Barbourville,  Ky ..  Ezra  T.  Franklin,  A.M 14 

Union  college.  College  View.  Neb.    (1891) Harvey  A.  Morrison 26 

Union  college,*  Schenectady,  N.  Y.    (1795)...  Charles  A.  Richmond,  D.D..  LL  D. .    40 

Union  Theo.  sem.,  New  York,  N.  Y.    (1836)  .  .     Arthur  C.  McGiffert,  D.D.,  LL.D 30 

Union  university,  Jackson,  Tenn.   (1848) H.  E.  Watters 50 

U.  S.  Mil.  academy,*  West  Point,  N.  Y.   (180'2)  Brig.-Gen.D.M'^rthur,  U.S.A. (supt.)  130 

U.  S.  Naval  academy,*  Annapolis,  Md.   (1845)  Rear-Ad.A.  H.  Scales.  U.S.N.  (s=upt.)207  1,586 

University  of  Alabama,*  Tuscaloosa   (1831)...     George  H,  Denny.  LL.D.,   D.C.L 135  1.850 

University  of  Arizona,*  Tucson  (1891) R.  B.  van  Kleinsmid.  LL.D 60  550 

University  of  Arkansas,*  Fayetteville   (1871).     John  C.  Futrall,  M.A 85  2.330 

University  of  Buffalo,*  Buffalo,  N.  Y.   (1846).     Charles   P.   Norton    (chancellor) 230  1,050 

University  of  California.*  Berkeley  (1860) (Vacancy)     600  7,014 

Univ.  of  Chat.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.    (1867)...     Frederick   W.   Hixson.    LL.D 22 

University  of  Chicago,*  Chicago,  111.    (1892)..     Harry  Pratt   Judson,   LL.D 344  8,635 

Univ.  of  Cincinnati,*  Cincinnati,  O.    (1870)  .  .  .     Charles  M.  Dabney.  Ph.D..  LL.D 299  3,146 

University  of  Colorado.*  Boulder   (1877) »     George  Norlin 200  1,500 

University  of  Denver,  Denver,  Col.   (1864) Henry  A.  Buchtel.  D.D..  LL.D 110  1,450 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


245 


School,  location  and  date  of  founding-. 

University  of  Detroit,  Detroit,  Mich     (1879)  .  . 

University  of  Florida,  Gainesville    (1905) 

University  of  Georgia,*  Athens   (178o) 

University  of  Idaho,*  Moscow   (1892)  . 

University  of  Illinois,*  Urbana  U867)  .  . 

University  of  Kansas*  Lawrebce    (1866)..... 

University  of  Kentucky,*  Lexington    (4-865)  .  . 

University  of  Maine,*  Orono    (186o) .. ....... 

University  of  Maryland  *  Baltimore   (1784)     .. 

University  of  Michigan.*  Ann  Arbor  (1837) .. 

University  of  Minnesota,*  Minneapolis    (18bS) 

University  of  Mississippi  *  University    (1848)  . 

University  of  Missouri,*  Columbia  (1839) 

University  of  Nebraska  *  Lincoln  (1869) 

Jniversity  of  Nevada,  Reno   (1886)  ...  •••••• 

Jniv  of  New  Mexico,  Albuquerque  (1892)  ... 
Jniv:  of  North  Carolina,*  Chapel  Hill  (1789)  . 

Univ    of  North  Dakota,  Grand  Forks  (1883)  .  . 

Univ    of  Notre  Dame.  Notre  Dame,  Ind    (1849) 

University  of  Oklahoma  *  Norman   (1892)  .... 

University  of  Oregon.*  Eugene   (1878)       ..... 

Univ.  of  Pennsylvania.  Philadelphia     1740    -  . 

Up?)' 

°off  IMI^SS  SSB^l      | }\ 
Univ    of  Southern  Minnesota.*  Austin     1896)  . 
Univ.  of  South  Carolina,*  Columbia  U8O&)  •  • 
Univ    of  South  Dakota.*  Vermilion     1882    .  .. 
Univ:  of  the  South,  Sewanee,  Term.   (1868) 
University  of  Tennessee,*  Knoxville  (1794)  .  .  . 
University  of  Texas,*  Austin   (1883)  ..  •••••• 

University  of  Utah,*  Salt  Lake  City   <18oO) 
University  of  Vermont,:  Burlington^  U791)  .  .  . 


University  oi  Wisconsin,^  JXL«*UIO  - 
University  ef  Wyoming*  Laramie 
Upper  Iowa  university,  F^e4tevlo,w|qo 

Upsala  college,  Kemlworth,  N    J.   Uggp) 

Ursinus  college,  Collegeville,  Pa.   <186%- vuy  • 
Utah  Agricultural  col.,*  Logan,  Utah   (1«J«>- 
Valparaiso  university,  Valparaiso    Ind.     18/3 
Vanderbilt  university,  Nashville.  Term    (1873) 
Vassar  college,*  Poughkeepsie    N.  Y.   (1851).. 
Villanova  college,  Villanpva,  Pa..  .  .  .  ..  •  •••  • 

Vincennes  university  *  Vincennes,  Ind.   (1806) 
Virginia  Christian  col.,  Lynchburg,  Va.  (19^) 
Virginia  Military  inst.,*  Lexington u  Va  -  (1839) 
Virginia  Poly,  inst..*   Blackburg.   Va.    (1872). 
vEgiSS  Union  university,  Richmond,  Va      ... 
Wabash  college.*   Crawl ordsville.  Ind.    (1832) 
Wake  Forest  col..  Wake  Forest,  N    C     (1834) 
Washburn  college,  Topeki  KM.  IJW&UfeV" 
Wash.  &  Jefferson  col.,*   Wash.,  Pav<180£lqi 
Wash    and  Lee  univ.,*  Lexington    Va(  1749) 
Washington  college.  Chestertown.  Md    (1782) 
Wash,  col..*  Washington  College.  Tenn.     I79o 
Washington  university,  St.  Louis,  Mo.    C185d) 
Waynesburg  college  *  Waynesburg.  Pa.   (18oO). 
Wellesley  college.*   Wellesley.  Mass.    <187o)  .  .. 

Wells  college,*  Aurora    N.   *.   <18b8).... 

Wesleyan  univ.,  Middletown,  Conn.  (1831)  .... 
Western  Col.  for  Women.*  Oxford,  O  (1864) 
West.  Maryland  col..  Westminster  Md.  (1867)  . 
Western  Reserve  univ.,*  Cleveland^  O.<|gg9'  • 
Western  Theo.  sem.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa  (1825)  .  . 
Westminster  college,  Fulton.  Mo.  llg/VoiwY 
Westminster  col..  New  Wilmington  Pa.  1852 
West  Virginia  university.  Morgantown  (  Hh7) 
W.  Virginia  Wesleyan  col.,  Buckhannon  (1890) 
Wheaton  college.*  Norton,  Mass  (1834) 
Wheaton  college,  Wheatoru  111.  Q8®?' j-' 
Whitman  college.*  Walla  Wai  a  Wash  (1 
Whittier  college.  Whittier.  Cal.  (1001)  ..-•••• 
Whitworth  college,  Spokane,  Wash.  (1883)  ... 
Wilberforce  university.  Wilberforce.  O.  (185b) 

Wiley  university.  Marshall.  Tex.    (1873). 

Willamette  universitv.  Salem.  Ore.  (1844)  .... 
Wm.  &  Mary  col.,*  Williamsburg,  Va  (1693) 
William  and  Vashti  college.  Aledo.  111.  (19 08) 
William  Jewell  colleere.  Liberty.  Mo.  (18401 ... 
Williams  college,*  Williamstown,  Mass  <1703> 
William  Smith-  college,*  Geneva,  N.  Y.  (1908) 


President. 

William  T.  Doran.  S.J.. 
•J>. 


Instruc-  Stu- 
tors.  dents. 
69          784 
A.    H.  Murphree,   LL.D......  "    43         QSR 

David  C.  Barrow  (chancellor) .  LL.D  138     3  332 

F.  H.  Lindley.  D.D..  Ph.D 86      l'327 

Edmund  J.  James,  Ph.D..  LL.D 800     7157 

Frank  Strong.  Ph.D..  LL.D..  (chan.) 220      3*916 
Frank  LeRond  McVey,  Ph.D..  LL.D.298      2*315 


Robert  J.    Aley.   Ph.D..   LL.D 112 

J.  M.  H.  Rowland   (dean) 175 


900 


H.   B.  Hutchms,   LL.D 725  9,546 

Manon  LeRoy  Burton.    LL.D 600  5.567 

J.  N.  Powers.  LL.D.,   (chancellor) . .   35  700 

Albert  Ross  Hill.  LL.D 288  3  972 

S.  Avery.  Ph.D..  LL.D.   (chancellor)  294  4.510 

Walter   E.   Clark,   Ph.D 55  400 

David  S.  Hill.  Ph.D..  LL.D... 

H.   W.   Chase 125  1625 

Thcmas  F.  Kane.  Ph.D..  LL.D...     ..    88  1*294 

James  A.    Burns.   A.M..   Ph.D 93  1,'433 

Stratton  D.  Brooks.   Ph.D..   LL.D. ..165  3683- 

Prince   L.    Campbell.    A.B.,    LL.D...  123  2'.058 

E.  F.  Smith.  Ph.D..  LL.D.  (provost)  626  5  695 

S.  B.  McCormick.  LLJD,    (chan.)  ..  .350  3.932 

Paul  G    Miller.  LL.D 82  803 

Victor  Leroy  Duke.   LL.D 20  230 

Rush  Rhees.  D.D..  LL.D 45  637 

Walter  F.  Thornton,  S.J .   47  375* 

G.  F.  Bovard.  A.M..  D.D..  LL.D 310  3.969 


L.   R.   Decker    (acting) 28 

W.  S.  Currell 451 


Robert  L.  Sl?gle.  M.A.,  Ph.D.... 
Albion  W.  Knight.  D.D.  (chan.) . 
James  D.  Hoskins  (acting) 


85 
25 
.225 


800 


40 
1,893 


Robert  E.  Vinson.  D.D..  LL.D 208  4.44o 

John  A.  Widtsoe.  A.M..  Ph.D 139  2.356 

G.  P.  Benton.  D.D.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D 120  896 

Edwin  A.  Alderman,  D.C.L..  LL.D..    75>  2.361 

Henry  Suzzalo.   Ph.D..  LL.D 236  6.007 

Edw.  A.  Birge.  Ph.D..  Sc.D..  LL.D.. 682  6  979 

Aven  Nelson 58  1201 

Chauncey  P.  Colegrove.  A.B..  A.M..    22  '501 

Frans  Ericsson  (acting) 12  60 

George  L.  Omwake.  Ph.D 18  224 

E.  G.  Peterson.  M.A..  Ph.D 92  2.649 

Henry  K.  Brown.  A.M 110  d  318 

J.  H.  Kirkland.  LL.D.    (chancellor)  .145  '785 

H.  N.  McCracken.  Ph.D..  LL.D 109  1.120 

Rev.  James  S.  Dean.   O.S.A 42  611 

William  Halnow.  AM.,  Ph.D 18  500 

J.  T.  T.  Hundley 18  165 

Gen.  E.  W.  Nichols  (superintendent)    34  600 

J.  A.  Beemuss 53  764 

Wm.    John   Clark 15  293 

George  L.  Mackintosh.  D.D..  LL.D. .    2O  219 

William  L.  Poteat.  LL.D 40  387 

Parley  P.  Womer,  D.D 60  998 

Samuel   S.  Black.   D.D..  LL.D 18  321 

Henry  L.  Smith.  M.A..  Ph.D..  LL.D.   38  365 

Clarence  P.  Gould.  Ph.D 9  112 

James  T.  Cooler,  D.D 13  127 

Fredk.  A.  Hall.  LL.D..  (chancellor)  .200  1,914 

J.  W.  McKay.  Ph.D..  LL.D 15  350 

Ellen  E.  Pendleton.  M.A..  Litt.D...137  1,594 

Kerr  D.  Macmillan.  B.D..   S.T.D 34  234 

William  A.  Shanklin.  D.D.  LL.D....   42?  436 

W.  M.  Boyd.  Ph.D 40  267 

Thomas  H.  Lewis,  D.D..  LL.D 21  274 

Charles  F.  Thwing.  D.D..  LL.D 360  4.033 

James  A.  Kelso.  Ph.D..  D.D 1*  48 

E.  E.  Reed.  M.A..  D.D 11  287 

W.  Charles  Wallace.   D.D 20  247 

Frank   B.  Trotter.  LL.D 12Q  1.513 

Wallace  B.  Fleming,   A.M..  D.D 30 

tS.  V.  Cole.  D.D..  LL.D 3O 

Charles  A.  Blanchard,  A.M..  D.D...   2Q 

S.  B.  L.  Penrose,  D.D *, 2.1 

Harry   N.    Wright.   Ph.D 14> 

Arthur  Y.  Beatie    (closed  1918-19) 
Wm    S.  Scarborough,  Ph.D.,  LL.D--    50 

M.  W.  Dogan.  A.M..  Ph.D 28 

Carl  G.  Doney.  Ph.D..  LL.D 22 

J.  A.  C.  Chandler.  Ph.D 17 

Ward  L.  Ray.  A.M 14 

John  P.  Greene.  D.D..  LL.D 22 

Sarry  A-   Garfield.  LL.D 4 
urray  Bartlett.  D.D 27 


581 
200 
259 
310 
105 

600 

585 


200 

403 

481 

76 


246 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Wilson  college,  Chambersburg,  Pa.  (1870)  .  .  . 
Winthrop  college,*  Rock  Hill,  S.  C.  (1886)  .. 
Wittenberg-  colleg-e,  Springfield,  O.  (1845)  .  . 
Wofford  college.  Spartanburg,  S.  C.  (1854) 


E.  D.  Warfield.  D.D..  LL.D..  Litt.D 

David  B.  Johnson,  LL.D 

Charles  G.   Heckert.  D.D.... 

H.  N.  Snyder,  M.A..  Litt.D.,  LL.D. 


vvonora  conege,  opanaiiuurs,  o.  v.   VJLOU-*; a..  «<  oi^u^*,  «  72 1 — 

Women's  Col.  of  Delaware,*   Newark   (1914)..    Winifred  J.  Robinson   (dean) 


TV  uuicii  a    \-*vi.    ux    j-fc  i  ct  w  0,1  c ,        j.i  o  »»  c*j.  n.     \^.«^-^j./  ..  i*""  ^  —    ,; .  —  ~-~  --" — v    TT  T~* 

Worcester  Poly,  inst.,*  Worcester.  Mass.  (1865)  Jra  N.  Hollis  .A.M.   L.H.D.. ....... 

Yale  university.*  New  Haven,  Conn.   (1701)  .  ..  Arthur  T.  Hadley,  Ph.D.    LL.D.... 

Yankton  college,  Yankton,  S.  D.   (1881) Henry  K.  Warren,  M.A     LL.D 

York  college.  York.  Neb.   (1890) M.  O.  McLaughlm.  M.A..  D.D 


30 


12 
29 
44! 
425 
24 
16 


295 

1,874 

1.023 

294 

300 

500 

3.300 

517 

250 


137 

480 


125 

74,935 

913 

5,000 


NATIONAL    PARKS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

.Under  supervision  of  the  secretary  of  the  interior. 

Abraham  Lincoln  Homestead*  .....  Kentucky'  ...........................  July    17,  1916 

Antietam    ........................  Maryland    ...........................  Au&-  2°.  189° 

Casa    Grande    Ruin  .................  Arizona    .............................  June  22.1892 

Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga....  Georgia    and   Tennessee  ............  Aug.   18.  1890 

Crater  Lake   ........................  Oregon     .............................  May   22.1902 

General     Grant  ......................  California     ..........................  Oct.     A  Mg  ..............       2«g° 

Gettysburg    .............  .  ...........  Pennsylvania    .......................  Feb.    11.  189o  ..............  877 

Glacier     .............................  Montana    ............................  May   11.1910  ..............    981,681 

-irand   Canyon    ....................  Arizona    ...........................  Feb.  26    1919  ............     806.400 

Guilford   Courthouse*  ...............  North    Carolina  ......................  Mar.     2.  191- 

Hawaii     .............................  Hawaii    .............................  Aug.     1,  1916 

Hot  Springs  Reservation  ...........  Arkansas    ...........................  June  16.  1880 

Lafayette    ........................  Maine    .............................  Feb.  26.   1919  ........... 

Lassen  Volcanic  .....................  California     ..........................  Aug.     9,  1916  ......  . 

Mesa    Verde  ................  Colorado    ............................  June  29.  1906 

Mount    McKinley  ....................  Alaska     .............................  Feb.    26.  1917 

Mount  Rainier.:  ....................  Washington   .........................  May    22.  1899 

Platt  .....  Oklahoma     ..........................  June  29.  1906 

Rock     Creek""  .........  District    of    Columbia  ..............  Sept.  27,  1890 

Rockv    Mountain  ..  ......  Colorado    ............................  Jan.    26.  1915  ..............    230,000 

Seauoia  ....California    ..........................  Oct.     1.1890  ..............    160,000 

Bhfloh  ..........  Tennessee    ...........................  Dec.   27.1894  ..............        3.000 

Sully's    Hill  ....................  North  Dakota   ......................  June     4,  1904  ..............          960 

Vicksburg    ..........................  Mississippi    .........................  Feb.   21.1899  ..............       1,233 

Wind    Cave  ..........................  South    Dakota  .......................  Jan.     9,  1903  ..............      10,522 

Yellowstone    ........................  Wyoming,   Montana   and  Idaho....  Mar.    1.  1872  ..............  2,142,720 

Yosemite     .  ............  California     ..........................  Oct.      1,1890  ..............    967.680 

Zoological    .........................  .District  of  Columbia  ...............  Mar.    2.1889  ..............          170 

*In  charge   of  secretary  of  war. 

NOTES  ON  NATIONAL  PARKS. 


42,376 

2.200 

207,360 

848 

1,606 

230,000 


Abraham  Lincoln  Homestead— Farm  near  Hodg- 
enville,  Ky.,  with  log  cabin  in  which  Abraham 
Lincoln  was  born. 

Antietam— Battle  field  of  the  civil  war  in  Wash- 
ington county.  Maryland. 

Casa  Grande  Ruin — Remains  of  a  large  prehis- 
toric building  near  Florence.  Ariz. 

Chickamanga  and  Chattanooga — Battle  fields  of 
the  civil  war  in  the  vicinity  of  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

Crater  Lake — Park  contains  remarkable  moun- 
tain, lake  and  fine  scenery  in  the  Cascade 
range.  Klamath  county,  Oregon;  may  be  reached 
from  Klamath  Falls  or  from  Medford  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  road. 

General  Grant— In  Fresno  and  Tulare  counties. 
California:  forest  and  mountain  scenery; 
reached  from  Sanger  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
road. 

Gettysburg— Battle  field  of  the  civil  war  in 
southeastern  Pennsylvania. 

Glacier— Tract  of  mountainous  country  in  north- 
ern Montana  with  glaciers,  lakes,  forests  and 
peaks. 

Grand  canyon — In  northwestern  Arizona ;  great- 
est eroded  canyon  within  the  United  States. 

Guilford  Courthouse  National  Military  Park- 
Scene  of  battle  between  Gen.  Greene  and  Gen. 
Cornwallis,  near  Greensboro,  N.  C.,  in  war  of 
the  revolution. 

Hawaii — Includes  celebrated  volcanoes  Kilauea, 
Mauna  Loa  and  Haleakala ;  main  feature  is 
Lava  lake  at  Kilauea. 

Hot  Springs  Reservation— Tract  of  land  in  Gar- 
land county,  Arkansas,  noted  for  its  springs 
of  warm  mineral  waters. 

Lafayette — Lands  on  Mount  Desert  island, 
Maine,  which  island  was  discovered  by  Sam- 
uel de  Champlain  and  upon  which  he  first 
landed  when,  acting  under  the  authority  of 
Sieur  de  Monts,  he  explored  and  described  the 
present  New  England  coast;  the  geology, 


fauna  and  flora  on  the  island  are  of  great 
scientific  interest. 

Lassen  Volcanic — Contains  volcanic  and  other 
peaks,  hot  springs,  mud  geysers,  ice  caves, 
lakes  of  volcanic  glass,  canyons  and  forests. 

Mesa  Verde — In  the  extreme  southwestern  part 
of  Colorado:  contains  pueblo  and  other  ruins; 
reached  from  Mancos  on  the  Rio  Grande  South- 
ern road. 

Mount  McKinley— Area  of  2,200  square  miles  in 
south  central  Alaska,  containing  Mount  Mc- 
Kinley, the  highest  mountain  in  America; 
many  large  glaciers  and  beautiful  lakes  and 
forests. 

Mount  Rainier— Mountain  district  in  southern 
Washington:  reached  from  Ashford  on  the  Ta- 
coma  Eastern  railroad  and  from  Fairfax  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  road. 

Platt — Tract  of  land  containing  sulphur  springs 
in  Murray  county.  Oklahoma;  reached  by  Santa 
Fe  and  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  railroads. 

Rock  Creek— Park  in  outskirts  of  Washington. 
D.  C. 

Rocky  Mountain — Tract  of  mountainous  land  of 
great  scenic  beauty  in  Grand,  Boulder  and 
Larimer  counties,  Colorado;  contains  forests, 
lakes  and  peaks;  reached  by  Union  Pacific  and 
other  roads. 

Sequoia — Mountain  tract  in  Tulare  county,  Cali- 
fornia, containing  forest  of  big  trees;  reached 
from  Visalia. 

Shiloh— Battle  field  of  civil  -war  in  Hardin  coun- 
ty, southern  Tennessee. 

Sully's  Hill— On  the  shore  of  Devil's  lake.  Nortfc 
Dakota:  contains  elevation  on  which  Gen. 
Alfred  Sully  with  a  few  men  withstood  a 
band  of  Indians  for  several  days  in  1863: 
reached  from  Devil's  Lake,  Narrows  and  Tokio 
stations  on  the  Great  Northern  road. 

Vicksburg— Battle  field  of  civil  war  near  city 
of  same  name  in  Mississippi. 

Wind  Cave— Canyon  and  extensive  cave  in  Custet 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


247 


county.  South  Dakota,  twelve  miles  from  Hot 
Springs,  on  the  Northwestern  and  Burlingtou 
roads;  in  Black  Hills  region. 

Yellowstone— Famous  park  in  Wyoming,  Montan» 
and  Idaho,  containing  geysers  and  many  otbei 
natural  phenomena  as  well  as  beautiful  moun- 
tain, lake  and  river  scenery:  reached  from 
stations  on  the  Northern  Pacific.  Burlingtoa 
and  Oregon  Short  Line  roads. 

Yosemite— Splendid  valley  in  the  Sierras  in  Marl- 
posa  county.  California;  reached  from  Merced 
on  the  Santa  Fe  and  Southern  Pacific  roadi 
by  way  of  the  Yosemito  Valley  railroad. 

Zoological— Park  in  Washington,  D.  O.,  devote* 
to  the  zoological  collection  of  the  government: 
adjoins  Rock  Creek  park. 

PRESERVATION     OF     AMERICAN     ANTIQUL 

TIES. 

By  law  approved  June  8,  1906,  entitled  "Af 
act  for  the  preservation  of  American  antiqui- 
ties." the  president  of  the  United  States  is  au- 
thorized, in  his  discretion,  to  declare  by  procla- 
mation historic  landmarks,  historic  and  prehis- 
toric structures  and  other  objects  of  historic  ot 
scientific  interest  that  are  situated  upon  land* 
owned  or  controlled  by  the  United  States,  to  b« 
national  monuments.  Under  such  authority  th» 
following  monuments  have  been  created: 
Name  and  state.  Year.  Acres. 

Bandelier.  N.  M 1916 

Big    Hole    battle    field.    Mont 1910  8 

Cabrillo.    Cal 1913  1.5 

Capulin   mountain,   N.   M 1916          680 

Chaco    canyon,    N.    M 1907      20.629 

Cinder   cone,*    Cal 1907       5,120 

Colorado,     Col 1911      13,883 

Devil's   tower,    Wyo 1906       1,152 

Devil   postpile,*   Cal 1911          800 

Dinosaur,    Utah 1916    

El    Morro,    N.    M 1906  160 

Gila   cliff  dwellings,*    N.    M 1907          160 

Gran   Quivira,    N.    M 1909          160 

Jewel    cave.*    S.    D 1908       1,280 

Katmai,     Alaska 1919  1088.000 

Lassen    peak,*    Cal 1907        1,280 

Lewis  and   Clark  cavern,    Mont 1908          160 

Montezuma    castle,    Ariz 1906  160 

Mount    Olympus,*    Wash 1909    608,640 

Muir    Woods,    Cal 1908          295 

Natural    bridges.    Utah    1909       2.740 

Navajo.   Ariz 1909  600 

Oregon    caves,*    Ore 1909  480 

Petrified  forest,    Ariz 1906     25.625 

Shoshone   cavern.    Wyo 1909          210 

Sitka.    Alaska    1910  57 

Tonto,*   Ariz 1907  640 

Tumacacori.    Ariz 1908 

Verendrye.  N.  D 1917          253 

Walnut  canyon,  Ariz 1915    

Wheeler.*    Col 1908          300 

Zion.  Utah 1909      15.840 

•Administered  by  department  of  agriculture: 
others  by  interior  department,  except  the  Big 
Hole  battle  field,  which  is  under  the  war  de- 
partment.   

NOTES   ON  NATIONAL  MONUMENTS. 
Bandelier— Prehistoric    aboriginal    ruins    in    San- 
doval    and    Santa    Fe    counties,    New    Mexico, 
with    cliff     dwellings,     ceremonial     caves     and 
other  relics  of  a  vanished  people. 
Big  Hole  battle  field— Scene  of  fight  at  Big  Hole 
pass   on    Big    Hole   or    Wisdom   river.    Aug.    9. 
1877.    between   Nez   Perce    Indians   under   Chief 
Joseph    and    a    small    force    of    soldiers    com- 
manded  by    Col.    John   Gibbon;    in    Silver   Bow 
county.    Itfontana;    reached    from    Melrose. 
Cabrillo  statue— At  Point  Loma,   Cal.;   land  first 
sighted  by  Juan  Rodriguez  Cabrillo,  discoverer 
of  California,    when  he   approached  San  Diego 
bay.    Sept.    28,    1542;    site    of    about    VA   acres 
set  aside  for  heroic  statue  of  Cabrillo. 
Capulin    mountain— Striking    example    of    recent 
extinct  volcanoes  in   Union   county,   New  Mex- 
ico,   near    town    of   Des   Moines. 
Chaco  canyon— Located  in  San  Juan  and  McKin- 


ley  counties,  New  Mexico;  contains  extensive 
prehistoric  communal  or  pueblo  ruins. 
Cinder  cone — An  elevation  in  Lassen  county  in 
northern  California;  is  of  importance  as  illus- 
trating volcanic  activity  in  the  vicinity  200 
years  ago. 

Colorado — Extraordinary  examples  of  erosion  in 
Mesa  county,  western  Colorado;  reached  from 
Grand  Junction. 

Devil  postpile — Natural  formations,  including 
Rainbow  waterfalls,  within  the  Sierra  national 
forest  in  California;  area  set  aside  is  on 
middle  fork  of  San  Joaquin  river. 

Devil's  tower— A  lofty  and  isolated  rock  In 
Crook  county,  Wyoming;  is  an  extraordinary 
example  of  the  effect  of  erosion  In  the  higher 
mountains. 

Dinosaur— Section  in  eastern  Utah  containing 
an  extraordinary  deposit  of  dinosaurian  and 
other  gigantic  reptilian  remains  of  the  Jura- 
Trias  period,  which  are  of  great  scientific  in- 
terest and  value. 

El  Morro— An  elevation  near  Wingate  station  on 
the  Santa  Fe  railroad  in  New  Mexico;  con- 
tains prehistoric  ruins  and  Interesting  rock 
inscriptions. 

Gila  cliff  dwellings— In  the  Mogollon  mountains. 
New  Mexico;  known  also  as  the  Gila  Hot 
Springs  cliff  houses:  are  among  the  best  pre- 
served remains  of  the  cliff  dwellers  of  the 
southwest. 

Gran  Quivira— Ruined  town  not  far  from  Manzano 
in  the  central  part  of  New  Mexico;  remains 
of  large  cathedral  and  chapel  and  of  many 
houses  thought  to  date  from  prehistoric  times. 

Jewel  cave — A  natural  formation  of  scientific 
interest  within  the  Black  Hills  national  for- 
est in  Custer  county.  South  Dakota. 

Katmai— Belt  of  unusual  volcanic  activity  on 
the  southern  coast  of  Alaska,  including 
Mount  Katmai  and  the  "Valley  of  the  Ten 
Thousand  Smokes,"  exhibiting1  remarkable 
natural  phenomena. 

Lassen  peak — In  natural  forest  of  same  name  in 
Shasta  county,  northern  California;  marks  the 
southern  terminus  of  the  long  line  of  extinct 
volcanoes  in  the  Cascade  range,  from  which 
one  of  the  greatest  volcanic  fields  in  the 
world  extends. 

Lewis  and  Clark  cavern — An  extraordinary  lime- 
stone cavern  near  Limespur,  Jefferson  county. 
Montana. 

Montezuma  castle— Large  prehistoric  ruin  or  cliff 
dwelling  on  Beaver  creek.  Arizona. 

Mount  Olympus — Mountain  in  the  state  of  Wash- 
ington; has  extensive  glaciers  and  on  its  slopps 
are  the  breeding  grounds  of  the  Olympic  elk. 

Muir  woods — In  Marin  county.  California:  an  ex- 
tensive growth  of  redwood  trees  of  great  age 
and  size;  land  presented  to  the  government 
by  William  Kent,  formerly  of  Chicago. 

Natural  bridges — Rock  formations  in  southeastern 
Utah  extending  over  streams  or  chasms;  hav*> 
loftier  heights  and  greater  spans  than  any 
other  similar  formations  known;  reserved  as 
extraordinary  examples  of  stream  erosion. 

Navajo-j-Within  the  Navajo  Indian  reservation 
in  Arizona:  includes  a  number  of  prehistoric 
cliff  dwellings  and  pueblo  ruins  new  to  science. 

Oregon  caves — Within  the  Siskiyou  national  for- 
est in  Oregon;  caves  are  of  natural  formation 
and  of  unusual  scientific  interest  and  impor- 
tance. 

Petrified  forest— Deposits  of  fossilized  or  mineral- 
ized wood  In  Gila  and  Apache  counties.  Arizona. 

Pinnacles — A  series  of  natural  formations  of 
rock  with  a  number  of  caves  underlying  them: 
located  within  Pinnacles  national  forest  in 
California. 

Rainbow  bridge — An  extraordinary  natural  bridge 
in  southeastern  Utah,  having  an  arch  which 
in  form  and  appearance  is  much  like  a  rain- 
bow; is  309  feet  high  and  278  feet  span:  of 
scientific  interest  as  an  example  of  eccentric 
stream  erosion. 

Shoshone  cavern — A  cave  in  Big  Horn  county, 
Wyoming,  of  unknown  extent,  but  of  many 


248 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


windings  and  ramifications  and  containing 
vaulted  chambers  of  large  size,  magnificently 
decorated  with  sparkling  crystals  and  beauti- 
ful stalactites,  and  containing  pits  of  un- 
known depth. 

Sitka— Tract  of  about  fifty-seven  acres  within 
public  park,  near  Sitka,  Alaska;  battle  ground 
of  Russian  conquest  of  Alaska  In  1804;  site  of 
former  village  of  Kiki-Siti  tribe,  the  most 
warlike  of  Alaska  Indians;  contains  numer- 
ous totem  poles  constructed  by  the  Indians, 
recording  the  genealogical  history  of  their  sev- 
eral clans. 

Tonto— Comprises  two  prehistoric  ruins  of  ancient 
cliff  dwellings  in  Gila  county.  Arizona. 

Tumacacorl — Ruin  of  an  ancient  Spanish  mission 


of    brick,    cement 
county,    Arizona. 


and   mortar   in   Santa    Cruz 


Verendrye — A  high  and  imposing  butte,  locally 
known  as  Crowhigh  mountain,  on  the  Missouri 
river,  near  Spanish,  N.  D. ;  used  as  observation 
point  by  Verendrye,  an  explorer,  between  1738 
and  1742 ;  place  of  historic  interest. 

Walnut  canyon — Canyon  eight  miles  southeast  of 
Flagstaff;  contains  ruins  of  cliff  dwellings  of 
great  ethnographic,  scientific  and  educational 
interest. 

Wheeler— Volcanic  formations  illustrating  erratic 
erosion;  in  Rio  Grande  and  Cochetopa  national 
forests  in  southwestern  Colorado. 

Zion — Canyon  in  southwestern  Utah  through 
which  flows  the  north  fork  of  the  Rio  Vir- 
gin or  Zion  river;  an  extraordinary  example 
of  canyon  erosion. 


STATE 

Alabama— Wetumpka. 

Alaska— Sitka    (U.    S.    jail). 

Arizona— Florence. 

Arkansas— Little   Rock. 

California — Folsom. 
San    Quentin. 

Colorado— Canon  City. 

Connecticut — Weathersfield. 

Delaware— Wilm'gton(w'khouse) 

District  of  Columbia— D.  S.  jail. 

Florida— Tallahassee       (commis- 
sion). 

Georgia — Atlanta     (commission). 

Illinois— Joliet.   Chester. 

Idaho — Boise. 

Indiana— Michigan  City. 
Indianapolis  (women). 

Icwa— Fort  Madison,  Anamosa. 

Kansas — Lansing. 

Kentucky— Frankfort. 
Eddyville    (branch). 

Louisiana— Baton   Rouge. 

Maine — Thomaston. 

Maryland— Baltimore. 


PRISONS    IN    THE    UNITED 

Massachusetts— Charlestown. 

Bridgewater. 

South  Framingham  (women). 
Michigan — Jackson. 

Marquette   (branch). 
Minnesota— Stillwater. 
Mississippi — Jackson.(comm'sion) 
Missouri— Jefferson    City. 
Montana — Deer   Lodge. 
Nebraska — Lincoln. 
Nevada — Carson  City. 
New  Hampshire— Concord. 
New  Mexico — Santa  Fe. 
New  Jersey— Trenton. 
New    York — Auburn. 

Dannemora  (Clinton). 

Great  Meadows  (Oomstock). 

Sing  Sing  lOssiniog). 
North  Carolina— Raleigh. 
North    Da  kola- -Bismarck. 
Ohio— Columbus. 
0  klahoma— Me  Alester. 
Oregon — Salem. 
Pennsylvania — Philadelphia. 


STATES. 

Allegheny  (Pittsburgh). 

RhoJe   island — Howard. 
South  Carolina— Columbia. 
South  Dakota— Sioux  Falls. 
Tennessee— Nashville. 

Petros   (branch). 
Texas— Huntsville. 

Rusk. 

Utah— Salt  Lake  City. 
Vermont — Windsor. 
Virginia— Richmond. 
Washington— Walla  Walla. 
West  Virginia— Moundsville. 
Wisconsin — Waupitn. 
Wyoming— Rawlins. 

UNITED    STATES   PBISONS. 

Atlanta.   Ga.— Penitentiary. 

Fort  Leavenworth,  Kas.— Pen!' 
tentiary. 

McNeil's  Island.  Wash.— Peni- 
tentiary. 

Mare  Island,  Cal. — Naval   prison. 

Boston,   Mass. — Naval   prison. 

Portsmouth,  N.H.— Naval  prison. 


IMPEACHMENT     CASES    'IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


BEFORE  UNITED  STATES  SENATE. 
The  senate  has  sat   as  a  court  of  impeach- 
ment  in    the   cases    of    the    following    accused 

officials,  with  the  result  stated: 

William  Blount.  senator  from  Tennessee,  in 
1799:  charg-es  dismissed  for  want  of  juris- 
diction, Blount  having  resigned  previously. 

John  Pickering-,  judge  of  the  United  States  Dis- 
trict court  for  New  Hampshire;  removed 
from  office  in  1804. 

Samuel  Chase,  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme 
court  of  the  United  States:  acquitted  1805. 

James  H.  Peck,  judge  of  the  United  States 
District  court  for  Missouri:  acquitted  1831. 

West  H.  Humphreys,  judge  of  the  United  States 
District  court  for  Tennessee;  removed  from 
office.  1862. 

Andrew  Johnson,  president  of  the  United 
States:  acquitted  1868. 

William  W.  Belknap,  secretary  of  war;  ac- 
quitted 1876. 

Charles  Swayne,  judge  of  the  United  States 
District  court  for  the  northern  district  of 
Florida:  acquitted  1905. 

Robert  W.  Archbald.  associate  judge  of  the 
United  States  Commerce  court;  convicted 


1913. 


AGAINST  GOVERNORS. 


Nine    governors    in    the   United    States   have 
faced    impeachment    proceeding's.      These    men 
and  the  results  that  followed  were: 
Charles  Robinson.  Kansas.   1862:   acquitted. 
Harrison  Reed,  Florida,  1868;  charges  dropped. 
Wm.    W.    Holden.    North    Carolina,    1870:    re- 
moved. 
Powell     Clayton.     Arkansas.     1871:     charges 

dropped. 
David  Butler.  Nebraska.  1871:  removed. 


Henry  C.  Warmoth.  Louisiana:  1872:  term  ex- 
pired and  proceeding's  dropped. 
Adelbert   Ames.    Mississippi.    1876:    resigned. 
William  Sulzer,  New  York.  1913;  removed. 
James  E.  Ferguson,  Texas,   1917;  removed. 

FATAL    THEATER    FIRES    AND    PANICS. 

Theater  or  hall  and  date.  Lives  lost. 

Banquet  theater.  Oporto,  March  21.  1888.  200 
Barnsley.  England  (hall).  Jan.  11.  1908..  16 
Barraque  theater,  Belgium,  Dec.  22.  1912.  12 

Bologoe,  Russia,  March  6,  1911 120 

Canonsburg,  Pa.,  opera  house.  Aug.  26. 

1911  26 

Carlsruhe  theater.  Petr 


;rad.  1847 200 

2lphia.    April    28. 

6 


Central    theater.    Phila 

1892 

Conway's  theater.  Brooklyn,  Dec.  5,  1876  295 

Exeter  theater.  England.  Sept.  5.  1887....  200 
Flores   theater,   Acapulco,   Mex.,   Feb.   14, 

1909   250 

Front    street    theater.    Baltimore.    Dec.    8. 

1895    23 

Houston    Street    theater.    N.    Y..    Feb.    2. 

1913    2 

Iroquois,  Chicago,  Dec.  30.  1903 575 

Italian    hall.     Calumet,     Mich.,     Dec.     24. 

1913    72 

Lehman's  theater.  Petrograd.   1836 700 

Mayag-uez.  Porto  Rico,  June  19,  1919 60 

Opera-Comique,   Paris.   May   25.   1887 75 

Rhode's     opera     house,     Boyertown,     Pa., 

Jan.    13.    1908 170 

Richmond    (Va.)    theater.  Dec.  26.   1811..  70 

Ring-  theater.   Vienna.  Dec.  8.   1881 640 

Surabaya  theater.  Java.  Jan.  26.  1914...  75 

Valence-sur-Rhone.    France,    June   1.    1919  80 

Vervins.  France.  March  9.  1913 10 

Villareal  theater.  Spain/May  27.  1912...  80 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


24» 


IMPORTS    OF    MERCHANDISE. 

Fiscal  years  ended  June  30. 

ir\i  o 

101' 

Articles  imported. 

Quantities.              Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Aluminum,  crude  Ibs. 
Manufactures  of  

1,503.776 

8480,786 
49,452 

6.822,616 

$2,216,065 
106,103 

Animals  

21.958,378 

40,924,766 

Antimony  —  Ore    Ibs. 

6,526.292 

495,953 

1,782,121 

109,392 

Matte,  regulus  Ibs. 

33,934,515 

3,939,174 

25,294,702 

2,153,774 

Art  works  

10,365,813 

6,947.363 

Asbestos,   unmanufactured  tons 

117,183 

5,384,712 

117.808 

6,503,948 

Asphaltum  and  bitumen  tons 

139.899 

863.476 

95,235 

697,283 

Beads  and  bead  ornaments  

1.773.280 

2,357,325 

Bones,  etc.,  unmanufactured  

1,374.546 

28,113.123 

475.202 

Brass  for  remanufacture  Ibs. 

32.831.075 

5.626,800 

10,630,959 

1,267,416 

Breadstuff  s  

98.135,220 

47,860,560 

Bristles,  prepared  Ibs. 

\     3.936,667 

4.894.046 

4,177,019 

5,649,025 

Bronze,  manufactures  of  

421.738 

130,526 

Brushes,  dusters,  hair  pencils  

3.170,148 

58,379,689 

2,815,013 

Cars,  etc.  —  Automobiles  No. 

50 

52,578 

89 

40,625 

Parts  of  

65.120 

37,622 

Chemicals,  drug's,  dyes  — 

152,236,065 

• 

150,225,186 

Argols    Ibs. 

30.267,388 

5,443.628 

32.228,216 

5,281,794 

Quinia.  sulphate  of  oz. 

3.273,628 

810.775 

3,334,164 

1.536,251 

Colors  or  dyes  

2,507.296 

1,934,296 

2,753,116 

Creosote  oil  gals. 

3.857.869 

329.846 

9,094,960 

1,096,319 

Tanning1  extracts  Ibs. 

106.097.925 

5.137.205 

143,497,440 

6,023,133 

Glycerin  Ibs. 

1,875,531 

804.618 

1.171.679 

372,272 

Gums.    

22.089,638 

76,669,119 

21,786,997 

Indigo   Ibs. 

3.125,497 

3.895.114 

1,590,176 

1,551,467 

Nitrate  of  soda  tons 

1.607,020 

70.129,026 

1,346,679 

68.229,548 

Potash  Ibs. 

25.106,688 

4,977.409 

37,192,069 

2  022  320 

China    clay  tons 

194,225 

1,322.603 

146,416 

1,438,031 

Clocks  and  parts  of  

106,525 

91,463 

Watches  and  parts  of  

9,371.570 

10,506,413 

Coal,  bituminous  tons 

1.391.535 

6,147,596 

1,008,250 

5,514,564 

Cocoa  or  cacao  (crude)  Ibs. 

399.040.401 

41,277,479 

313.037.419 

35,953,990 

Coffee  Ibs. 

1.143,890,889 

103.058.536 

1,046,029,274 

143.089,619 

Copper  —  Ore  tons 

377.124 

18.318.781 

214,632 

11,175,004 

Concentrates  tons 

160.998 

9,492.501 

150,912 

9,705,980 

Matte  and  reg-ulus  tons 

21.658 

5.279,976 

40.743 

8.761,995 

Pigrs,  ingots,  bars,  etc  Ibs. 

341.167.180 

,     83,745.595 

376,368,801 

84.797,219 

Cork,  unmanufactured  

3.061,827 

26,505,971 

1,736,102 

Manufactures  of  

2.017,146 

2,008.581 

Cotton,  unmanufactured  Ibs. 

103,325,647 

36.020.483 

103,592,194 

37,633.612 

Manufactures  of  

44,751.181 

34,762.723 

Diamonds,  uncut  carats 

12.928,010 

259.330 

15,594.795 

Cut,  but  not  set  carats 

13.929.772 

302,860 

29,140,182 

Dyewoods  tons 

87.476 

2.018.122 

27,510 

550,244 

Earthen,  stone  and  china  ware  

6.824,612 

6,498,081 

Eggs  of  poultry  doz. 

1.619,069 

483,636 

847,671 

233,003 

8.297.149 

16,284,790 

Feathers,   natural  and  artificial... 

3.017.221 

2,027,851 

2,609.477 

Fertilizers  

5,356,061. 

5,883,376 

Fibers,  unmanufactured  tons 

389.853 

109,042,470 

8,659 

7,715,520 

Manufactures  of  

92.530.957 

98,924,770 

Fish  

26.190.515 

28,058,506 

Fruits  and  nuts  

77.256.090 

68,332.364 

Furs,    undressed  No. 

35.679.554 

103,814,907 

37,965,713 

Manufactures  of  

2.709.818 

2,873,468 

Gelatin,  unmanufactured  Ibs. 

365,586 

133,057 

74,933 

44,811 

Glass  and  glassware  

1.723.014 

4,110.604 

Glue  and  glue  size  Ibs. 

2.048.543 

348.241 

554,217 

195,919 

Gold  and  silver,  manufactures  of  .  . 

1.954.030 

1,371.001 

Grease  and  oils  Ibs. 

28.000.428 

3,343.565 

29,073,540 

2,980,185 

Hair,  unmanufactured  Ibs. 

9.963.291 

2.687.673 

8,619.270 

2,310.712 

Hats,  bonnets,  and  materials  for.. 

3.205,194 

8,045,399 

Hay  tons 

410,738 

4.618,764 

277,448 

3,677,025 

Hides  and  skins  Ibs. 

432.516.693 

131.629,352 

448.141,726 

149,288,544 

Hide  cuttings,  raw  glue  stock  

21.710,205 

936,393 

8,833,386 

518,266 

Household  goods,  etc  

3.778,811 

5  375,222 

India  rubber,  unmanufactured  

207.562.458 

161,'837,031 

Iron  —  Ore    tons 

837.546 

3.116,109 

660,602 

3.569.967 

Iron  and  steel,  manufactures  of.. 

25.071.077 

24  306  839 

Ivory,   animal  and  vegetable...  Ibs. 

1.887.148 

31,201,991 

1.678,542 

Lead  and  manufactures  of  Ibs. 

11.970.197 

146,677,903 

7  409,539 

Leather  and  manufactures  of  

22.603.851 

15,423,184 

Matting-  and  mats  sq.  yds. 

12,095.720 

1.827.749 

12  849,469 

2.760,143 

Meat  and  dairy  products  

38.866,771 

60.445.083 

Musical  instruments  

710.354 

680  700 

Nickel  ore  and  matte  tons 

58.776 

9.120.269 

42,866 

9,746,693 

Oils  of  all  kinds  

117,928.119" 

144  680  480 

Paints,  pigments  and  colors  

961,047 

997  624 

Paper  stock,  crude  

3.234.762 

3,198,535 

350 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


1919 

Articles  imported. 
Paper  and  manufactures  of  
Printing1  paper  Ibs.    1 

Quantities.            Values. 
542,955.817 
,204,040.485          34,234,222 
3  497  695 

Quantities. 
i,263',442',092 

Values. 
$46,  551.  731 
38,565.487 
3,670,577 
1,525,486 
6,764,259 
2,363,553 
4,057,849 
2  222  519 
35,212,664 
1,710,559 
217,517,484 
29,349,198 
316,183 
12,190,560 
28,911 
51,317 
2,039,194 
131,094 
603.315 
7,471,060 
309,403,314 
2,018,447 
687,777 
24,390,722 
65,285,801 
66,329,689 
9,983,622 
769,465 
33,687,305 
92.289,532 
28,581.103 
224,410,062 
13,279.481 
718.609 

1  322  044 

9  268  525 



3  327  697 

Platinum  and  manufactures  of          . 

4  575  161 

25,825            6.127,887 
60  841  623 

18,671 

Seeds  

Shells    unmanufactured     .           Ibs 

2  227  610 

7.148,041 

188  454  812 

35068958 

Soap                 .      Ibs 

359  008 

1,680,454 
72,357,565 
27,911 
14.524 

Spice  Ibs. 

78.071,170          11,519,214 
762.066                708.907 
1,377.096            4,331,483 
4  447  076 

Spirits  —  Malted    liquors    gals 

Distilled  spirits       ..            .     gals 

Wines                                                        . 

Mineral  waters  

192.514                253,584 
783067 

103,256 

ttone  and  manufactures  of                   . 

130,730,861            9,177,833 
.903,327,249       237,015,371 
810.075            4.522.335 
1  287  593 

130,074,717 
5,836,047,722 
370,272 

Sugar    Ibs      4 

Sulphur  ore  ...      .                      tons 

Tea  Ibs. 

151.314.932          30,889.030 
136.519,310          74,543.006 
79,367.536         45,320.524 
7.066.219 

108,172,102 
93,707,183 
83,951,103 

Tin     .  .                                               Ibs 

Tobacco  —  Unmanufactured  Ibs. 

Toys 

2  028  745 

Vegetables 

95.714.268 

Pulp'  tons 

504,128          31,589.090 
379,129,934       198,545.911 
27.476,798 

475,691 
422,414,664 

"Wool,   unmanufactured  Ibs 

Manufactures    of                                    . 

102.234            2.499.468 

39,630 

Total  value  merchandise.  {  J^te     ; 

2,118.599.372 
827,460,031 

g 

.230.222,338 
865,654,244 

Total  value  imports*  
•Including  articles  not  specified  in 

2,946,059.403 
above  table. 

3,095.876,582 

EXPORTS    OF   DOMESTIC    MERCHANDISE. 

Fiscal  years  ended  June  30. 

inio                                                                                                  lOtrt 

Articles  exported! 
Abrasives  

Quantities.              Values. 
$6  469  108 

Quantities. 

Values. 
$5,764.353 
42.662,724 
7,512,007 
2,092,816 
520,910 
5,206,251 
2,233,929 
187,347 

Agricultural  implements  

35  076  911 

Aluminum  and  manufactures  of 

11  294  850 

Animals  —  Cattle   .  .    .  .                   No 

18.213            1.247,800 
9.280                256,629 
84.765          14,923.663 
28.879            4,885.406 
7.959                  97.028 

42.345 
17,390 

27,975 
12,452 
16.117 

Hogs   No. 

Horses   No 

Mules  No 

Sheep  No. 

Total  animals,  including  fowls.     . 

21733594 

10,718,851 
58,448 
3,311,465 
729,662 
673,231 
2,958,099 
21,149,416 
27,687,047 
1,549,432 
26,705.819 
14,722.336 
5,220,215 
79,492,663 
15,235,762 
53,653,629 
424,543,010 
268,062,907 

Art   works  

317  711 

Asbestos,  manufactures  of  

2  112  339 

Asphaltum,    unmanufactured.  .tons 
Manufactures  of  

22,052                548.271 

488  892 

22,767 

Athletic  and  sporting  goods  

1  602  121 

Brass  and  manufactures  of  

61  443  993 

Breadstuffs  —  Barley    bu 

26,408.978         41,939.964 
14,917,301            1,973.388 
40.997,287          75,305,692 
2.018.859          20,358.644 
346,560.222          17,567.218 
105,881.233          86.125.093 
196,363,268         14,174,513 
12.065.922          24.157.536 
34,118.853          80.802.542 
21.880.151       244.861.140 

20,457,781 
8,602,953 
16,687,538 
1,583.327 

Bread  and  biscuit  Ibs 

Corn   bu 

Oatmeal    Ibs 

Oats   bu 

96.360.974 
193.128,025 
27,540,188 
178.582,673 
24.190.092 

Rice    Ibs 

Rye    bu 

Wheat   bu 

Wheat   flour  brls. 

Total  breadstuffs   (all  kinds)..     ., 
Candles   Ibs 

633,309,485 
5,530,017              900,514 
20            8,652.197 
64.507          77.173.499 
30  933  006 

0,305,651 
51 
54,196 

954,779,894 
1,901,536 
12,861,401 
79,047.767 
116,266,550 
32,407,827 
3,715,015 
545,665 

Cars,  etc.—  Aeroplanes  and  parts  of 
Automobiles    No 

Parts  of  

Steam  railroad  cars  No 

11.070          13.077,122 
10,746            2,373,396 
10.389                719.625 

14,560 
14.214 
5,680 

Motorcycles  No 

Wagons    No. 

Total  cars,  etc.   (all  kinds)  
Celluloid  and  manufactures  of  , 

156.774.448 
,  3  744  745 



198,191,866 
6,571,002 
5,871,902 
148,051.419 
4.851,695 
106,989,501 

Cement,    hydraulic  .                    brls 

2,575,205            5.'989.'081 
181,726.498 

1,938.223 

Chemicals  
XJlocks  and  watches 

Coal  tons 

25.894.166       111,825.165 

22,438.067 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


251 


1910 

Articles  exported. 
Coke   tons 

Quantities.            Values. 
1.387.321       $10,155,047 

Quantities.            Values. 
1,053,133         $8,499.102 

Cocoa  and  chocolate  

6.554.431 

10,835,409 

40.905.750 

5,921,883 

37,224,166 

7.252,294 

2,704.734 

464,329 

5,566,800 

1.199,298 

Confectionery  

1,856,751 

3,043,993 

Copper,    ore  tons 

51.545 

984.709 

10,821 

335,218 

Manufactures   of.  

269.546,619 

144,349,605 

Cotton,   unmanufactured  bales 

4.528.844 

665,024,655 

5,295,711 

863,161,409 

169,398,420 

232,680.723 

1,753,446 

2.460,011 

Earthen,  stone  and  china  ware.... 

7.757,099 

7,766,564 

Egg's  doz. 

18.969.167 

7,167,134 

28,384,783 

12,449.345 

54.527,570 

80,712.310 

Explosives  —  Cartridges  

13.672,371 

8.776,736 

Dynamite    Ibs. 

18.911,668 

4,991,508 

13,525,096 

3,190,447 

340.516,883 

262,201.813 

109.613,165 

85,812,211 

Shells,    etc  

40,130,298 

835.171 

All  other  

38.559.249 

23.192,040 

378,901.793 

122.730.877 

Fertilizers  tons 

252.924 

5,840,139 

346,949 

9,407.217 

Fibers  

29,868,520 

35,014,942 

Fish    

30.449.505 

37,199,828 

Fruits  and  nuts  

34.480,678 

71,292,813 

13,903,631 

14,612,015 

Glass   and  glassware  

14.012.756 

21,898.185 

Glucose  and  grape  sugar  Ibs. 

97.858.301 

5,994.671 

136,230.373 

7,464,052 

Grease,    lubricating  

2,986,815 

4,878,115 

2,612,488 

2,811,338 

Hair  and  manufactures  of  

1,478  498 

1,873.776 

Hats  and  materials  for  

4.150,501 

5.016,153 

Hay  tons 

30.145 

907,401 

29,013 

864,922 

Hides  and  skins  other  than  furs,  Ibs. 

12,144.817 

4.089.493 

14,790.673 

5,579,103 

Honey  Ibs. 

16,090.672 

2,509.570 

10.368.342 

2,422.454 

Hops  Ibs. 

3,494.579 

993  773 

7.466,952 

2,333,850 

Household  and  personal  effects.... 

5,575,532 

9,358,615 

India  rubber,  manufactures  of.  .  .  . 

33,343.181 

43,856.588 

Instruments,   scientific,   etc  

4,872,902 

5.445,896 

Iron  ore  tons 

1,185,769 

4.877.380 

1,356,602 

5,969,853 

Iron  and  steel  and  manufactures  of 
Firearms  

1.125,889,371 
49  159  271 

1,064,974.299 
18,886,091 

Lamps,  chandeliers,  etc  

3,826,594 

4,478.884 

19.108.238 

12,579,633 

Leather  and  manufactures  of  

100.920,272 

182.908.949 

Meat  and  dairy  products  — 

97,366,983 

30,051.507 

108,489,472 

44,320,197 

Beef,  fresh    Ibs. 

370,057,514 

67,386,359 

332,205,176 

79,227,540 

54,867,310 

7,702,308 

45,067,861 

9.087,262 

Oleo  oil  Ibs. 

56,648,102 

12,166,482 

59,092,322 

15,720,944 

6,404,896 

1,631.267 

18,570,200 

5,179,339 

Tallow  Ibs. 

5,014.964 

931.941 

16,210.997 

2,327,705 

Bacon   Ibs. 

815,319,424 

221,477,220 

1,239,540,973 

378.729,046 

419.571,869 

108,106,862 

667.848,019 

204,667.696 

Lard    Ibs. 

392.498.435 

98,214,348 

725.577.868 

210,417,859 

Neutral  lard  Ibs. 

4.258.529 

1,074,603 

17,395.888 

5.392,710 

5,194.468 

1,731.835 

5.273.508 

1.997,386 

Pork,  pickled  Ibs. 

33,221,502 

7,545,011 

19,644,388 

6,065,267 

Pork,  fresh    Ibs. 

21,390.302 

5,225.987 

31,504,497 

7,444,532 

Lard    compounds  Ibs. 

31.278.382 

6,613,640 

131,750.503 

32,036,692 

Mutton   Ibs. 

2,098,423 

453,232 

2,173,994 

511.065 

Poultry  and  game  

1.241,232 

3,799,348 

Sausage,   canned  Ibs. 

5,787.108 

1.487,874 

8,503.580 

2,782.551 

All  other  Ibs. 

9,232.341 

3,232.681 

9,721  925 

3,882,751 

Sausage  casings  Ibs. 

6.281.086 

3.039.369 

13,524.093 

4,938,202 

Stearin    Ibs. 

10.252.522 

2,180,485 

11,537.284 

2.309,979 

Butter    Ibs. 

17.735.966 

6,852.727 

33,739.960 

15.843,522 

Cheese    Ibs. 

44.330.978 

10.785,153 

18,794.853 

5.733,029 

Milk,    condensed  Ibs. 

529.750.032 

68.039.597 

728.740.509 

99,970,769 

Total  meat  and  dairy  products 

679,848.942 

1,167.850.576 

Motor   boats  No. 

218 

2,460.583 

151 

2,301,454 

Musical  instruments  

4,915  299 

5,757,785 

Naval  stores  (rosin,  tar,  etc.)  

11.172.234 

(17.777,497 

Nickel,    oxide  and  matte  Ibs. 

18.818.212 

7,680.502 

10,011.826 

3.988,251 

Oil  cake  and  meal  Ibs 

201,403.956 

4,994.193 

575,421,159 

16.668,973 

Oils—  Animal  gals. 
Mineral   gals. 

999.017 
2,677.037,650 

1.155.013 

298.144.927 

1.787.794 
2,531,260,784 

2.514,775 
344,613,100 

Vegetable  

25.020  890 

58  891,504 

Paints,  pigments  and  colors  

16.894  154 

23.227.108 

Paper  stock   (ex.  wood  pulp).  Ibs. 
Paper  and  manufactures  of  

32,923.186 

652.782 
50  357  686 

35,932,956 

881,840 
84  073  264 

Paraffin   and  paraffin  wax  Ibs. 

246.660.620 

18.541.528 

238,808.007 

24.557,386 

Perfumeries,  cosmetics,  etc  

3.965.465 

6  077,851 

Phonographs,  etc  No. 

91.267 

2.610.866 
12.290,317 

49.717 

4.543,332 
16.943.127 

252 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1020. 


Articles  imported. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

Quantities. 

Values. 

$4,630.753 

S3,  811,  369 

Salt  

.  .Ibs. 

267,045.840 

1,416.798 

242,143,146 

1,541,766 

Seeds  

5.659,163 

7,702,973 

Silk,  manufactures  of  

12,140.817 

22,354.895 

Soap  

9.140.712 

17,619,404 

Spirits  —  Malt   liquors  

1,731.159 

2,573,352 

Distilled  

.gals. 

9,079.700 

5,718,640 

12,266,589 

7,393,640 

Wines  

.gals. 

2,765,395 

1.389,319 

3,447,862 

2,944,976 

Starch    ,  , 

,lhs, 

74.135.593 

4,548.974 

143,788,230 

7.530,998 

1.885,466 

2,404,438 

Sugar,  etc.—  Molasses  

.gals. 

3,811,341 

847,692 

6.123,765 

1,277,980 

Sirup  

.gals. 

7,690,074 

4,823,912 

10,842,832 

6,117,329 

Sugar,  refined  

Ibs 

576,415,890 

38,756,680 

1,115,865,524 

81,569,972 

Surgical  appliances  

11,293,791 

16,948,415 

Tobacco,  unmanufactured.... 

..Ibs. 

289,170,793 

69,699,725 

625,304,513 

189,806,797 

Manufactures  of  

21,713,541 

35,304,498 

2,023,624 

2,062,607 

Vegetables    

26.972,272 

53,513,794 

Wood  and  manufactures  of  ... 

82.054,086 

104,559,396 

Wool,  manufactures  of  

17,749,421 

31,247,222 

Zinc,   manufactures  of  

31.573.770 

24.569,818 

Total  domestic  merchandii 

se*... 

5,847,159.678 

7  074  Oil  529 

Total  foreign  merchandise 

81,125.963 

151,072,728 

Grand  total  

5.928.285,641 

7,225,084,257 

•Including  articles  not  specified 

in  above  table 

SUMMARY   OF   IMPORTS  AND   EXPORTS   OF 

Fiscal  years  ended  June  30. 

, 1918 

Imports.  Value. 

Free  of  duty— Crude  materials  for  use  in  man- 

ufacturing $1,099,244,156 

Foodstuffs  in  crude  condition,  and  food  ani- 
mals   

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly  manufactured.. 
Manufactures  for  further  use  in  manufac- 
turing   

Manufactures  ready  for  consumption 

Miscellaneous 

Total  free  of  duty 

Dutiable— :Crude   materials  for  use  in  manu- 
facturing   


MERCHANDISE. 

Per  ct.           Value.  Per  ct. 

51.89  $1,108,865.243  49.73 

14.76         319,887,378  14.34 

3.57           92.422J1108  4.14 

20.55         488,681.928  21.91 

8,67         212,446,173  9.53 

.56              7,919.508  .35 
100,00 


2,118,599.372  100.00  2.230.222,338 


131,008,274   15.84    141,849.821   16.38 


Jj'ooastuiis  in  cruae  condition,  ana  looa  am- 

60  000  422 

7.25 

56,340,752 

6.51 

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly  manufactured.. 
Manufactures  for  further  use  in  manufac- 

304,602,543 
105.338,410 

36.83 
12.74 

363,819.240 
1117,144.350 

42.03 
13.54 

Manufactures  ready  for  consumption  

218,839.917 

26.46 

180,748,404 

20.88 

7,266,465 

.88 

5.751,677 

.66 

827,056.031 

100.00 

865,654,244 

100.00 

Free  and  dutiable  —  Crude  materials  lor  use  in 
manufacturing     

1,230.252,430 

41.76 

1,250,715.064 

40.41 

Foodstuffs  in  crude  condition,  and  food  ani- 

372,681,751 

12.65 

376,228.130 

12.15 

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly  manufactured.. 
Manufactures  for  further  use  in  manufac- 
turing   

380,227.084 
540,742,182 

12.91 
18.36 

456,241.348 
605,826,278 

14.73 
19.57 

402.670,415 

13.67 

393.194.577 

12.70 

19.081.541 

.65 

13,671,185 

.44 

Total  imports  of  merchandise  

2,945,655.403 

100.00 
71  9" 

3,095,876.582 

100.00 
72  04 

179,998,383 

184,457,867 

Average  ad  valorem  rate   of  duty,  based  on 
imports  for  consumption  

6.28 

'     6.08 

Remaining  in  warehouse  at  the  end  of  month 
Exports. 
Domestic-^-Crude  materials  for  use  in  manu- 

897.324.082 

15.37 

1,215,960.910 

17.19 

Foodstuffs  in  crude  condition,  and  food  ani- 

374,978,216 

6.42 

719.715,994 

lO.fl.7 

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly  manufactured  .  . 
Manufactures  for  further  use  in  manufac- 

1,153,702.460 
1.201,439,423 

19.76 
20.57 

1,785,179,560 
952,775,871 

25.24 
13.47 

2,185,420,221 

37.43 

2.384,801,297 

33.71 

25.7-87,655 

.45 

15,577,897 

.22 

5,838,652,057 

100.00 

7,074,011.529 

100.00 

Total    foreign  
Total   exports  .,  

81,059,314 
5,919.711.371 

1511,072,728 
7,225,084.257 
4  129  °07  675 

.'..!!. 

Total  imports  and  exports  

8.865,366.774 



10.320,960.839 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


263 


TOTAL   VALUE   OF   IMPORTS  AND   EXPORTS    INTO    AND    FROM   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

From  Oct.   1.  1790,   to  June  30,  1919. 


FISCAL  YEAR.* 

MERCHANDISE. 

^  )  SPECIE.  «*"• 

MDSE.  AND  SPECIE  COMBINED. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Excess  of  im 
ports  (rom. 
or  exports 
(italics). 

Imports, 
gold  and 
silver. 

Exports, 
gold  and 

silver. 

Total  ~- 
imports. 

Total 
exports. 

Excess  of  im- 
ports   (ronuui) 
or  export* 
(Italics). 

1790 

$23,000,000 

29,200,000 
31,500.000 
31,100,000 
34,600,000 
69,758,208 
81496,164 
75,379,406 
68,551,700 
79,069,148 
91,252,768 
111,363,511 
76,333.33c 
64,666,666 
85,000,000 
120,000,000 
129,410,000 
138,500,000 
56,990,000 
59.400,000 
85,400.000 
53,400,000 
77,030,000 
22.005,000 
12,965,000 
113,041,274 
147,103.001 

12li75o!oOC 
87,125,000 
74,450.000 
54,520,834 
79,871,695 
72,481,371 
72,169,172 
90.189,310 
78,093.511 
71,332.938 
81,020.083 
67,088.915 
62,720,956 
95,885,179 
95,121,762 
101,047,943 
108,609,700 
136,764.296 
176,579,154 
130,472,803 
95,970,288 
156,490,956 
98,258,706 
122,957,544 
96,075,071 
42,433,464 
102,604,606 
113,184.322 
117,914,065 
122,424.349 
148.638,644 
141,206,199 
173,509,526 
210,771,429 
207,440,398 
2(53,777,265 
297,803,794 
257,808,708 
310,432,310 
348.428,342 
263,338.654 
331,333,341 
353,616.119 
289.310.542 
189.356,677 

316!447^283 
238,745,580 
434,812,066 
395,761,096 
357.436,440 
417,506,379 
435.958,408 
520,223,684 
626,595,077 

$20,205,156 
19,012,041 
20,753,098 
26  109  572 

$2,794.844 
10,187,959 
10,746.902 
4  990  428 

$23,000,000 
29,200.00( 

89,756,26! 

81,436,164 
75,379,406 
68,551,700 
79,069.148 
91,252,768 
111,363,511 
76,333,333 
64,666.666 
S&OOOOOI 
120,600.000 
129,410,000 
138.500,000 
56,990.000 
59,400.000 
85,400.000 
53,400,(XK 

113I0411274 
147,103,000 
99,250,000 

n,4WW 
62,585,724 
83,241,541 
77,579.267 
80,548,142 
96,340,075 
84,974,477 
79,484,068 
88,509,824 
74.492,527 
70,876,920 
103,191,124 
101,029,266 
108,118,311 
126,521,332 
149,895,742 
189.980,035 
140.989,217 
113,717,404 
162.092,132 
107.141,519 
127,946.177 
100,162,087 
64,753,799 
108,435,035 
117,254.564 
121,691,797 
146,545.638 
154,998,928 
147,857.439 
178,138,318 
216.224,932 
212,945,442 
267,978,647 
304,562.381 
261,468,520 
314,639,942 
360,890,141 
282,613.150 
338,768,130 
362,166,254 
335,050,153 
205,771,729 
252,919,920 
329,562,895 
248.555,652 
445,512,158 
417,831,571 
371,624,808 
437.314,255 
462,377,587 
541,493,708 
640,338,766 

$20,205,156 
19,012,041 
20,753,098 
26  109  572 

12,794.844 
10,187,959 
10,746,902 
4,990,428 
1,556.275 
21,766,398 
22,861,539 
24,084,696 
7,224,289 
403,626 
20,280,988 
18,342,998 
4,376,189 
8,866.633 
7,300,926 
25,033,979 
27,873,037 
30,156,850 
34,559,040 
7,196,767 
18,642,030 
7,916.832 
38,502,764 
6,851,017 
6,037,559 
60,483,521 
65.182,948 
11.578,431 
28,468.867 
16,982,479 
4,758,331 
2,488,658 
11.081,260 
2.880,237 
4,561,485 
3,195313 
7,379,125 
2.840,759 
16,245,138 
2,133,868 
2,972,588 
21,880,541 
13,852,323 
17,977,878 
22,184.359 
28,202,165 
61,316.995 
23,569,841 
6.230,788 
41,063,716 
24.944.427 
6.094,374 
4,529.447 
19,592,681 
2,765,011 
2,607.958 
8.203.281 
12,102,984 
966.797 
2,101,619 
26,239,598 
2,163,079 
3,287,076 
37.002,490 
26,237.113 
13,688,326 
12,324.968 
2,070,541 
42,031,271 
16,021,333 
37,956,042 
86,305,240 
21,786,412 
15,201,138 
65,328.366 
14,883,123 
10.608.565 
J>2,457,058 
>  4,  112,  193 
94.058,178 
11,450,153 
231.542 
116,283^48 

1791 

1792 

1793 

33,043,725 
47,989,872 
68,574,625 
61,294,710 
61,327,411 
78,665,522 
70,971,780 
93,020,513 
71,957,144 
65.800.ft33 
77.699,074 
95.566,021 
101,536,963 
108,343,150 
22,430,960 
52,203,233 
66,757,970 
61,316,832 
38,527.236 
27,856.017 
6,927,441 
52,557,753 
81,920,052 
87,671,569 
93,281,133 
70,142,521 
69,691,669 
54,596.323 
61,350,101 
68,326.043 
68,972,105 
90,738,333 
72,890.789 
74,309,947 
64,021.210 
67,434,651 
71,670,735 
72,295,652 
81,520,603 
87,528,732 
102,260,215 
115,215,802 
124,338,704 
111.443,127 
104,978,570 
112,351,673 
123,668,932 
111.817.471 
99,877,995 
82,825,689 
105,745,832 
106,040;ill 
109.583,248 
156,741,598 
138,190,515 
140,351,172 
144,375,726 
188,915,259 
166,984,231 
203,489,282 
237.043,764 
218,909,503 
281,219,423 

272,011,274 

292,90^,051 
333.576,057 
219.553.833 
190.670,501 

158lS37!988 
166,029,303 
348,859,522 
294,506,141 
281,952,899 
286,117,697 
392.771,768 
442,820,178 
444,177,586 

1,556,275 
21,766,396 
22,861,539 
24,084,696 
7,224,289 
4031626 
20,280,988 
18,342,998 
4,376,189 
8.866,633 
7,300,9% 
25,033,979 
27,873,03" 
30,156,850 
34,559,040 
7,193,76" 
18,642.030 
7,916,632 
38,502,764 
5,851,017 
6,037,55!: 
60,483,521 
65,182,948 
11.578.431 
28.468,867 
16,982,479 
4,758,331 
75,469 
18,521,594 
4,155,328 
3,197,067 
649,023 
5,202,722 
2,977,009 
16,998,873 
345,736 
8.949,779 
23,589,527 
13,601,159 
13,519,211 
6,349,485 
21,548,493 
52,240.450 
19,029,676 
9,0083*2 
44,245.285 
25,410,226 
11,140,073 
3,802,924 
40.392,225 
3,141,226 
7,144.211 
8,330,817 
34,317,249 

1(i-IS:i? 

29.133.800 
21,856,170 
40,456,167 
60.287,983 
60,760.030 
38,899,205 
29,212,887 
54,604,582 
8,672,620 
38;43l|290 
20.040.062 
69.756.709 
1.313.284 
39,371.368 
157.609,295 
72,716,277 
85,952,544 
101.254.955 
75,483,541 
131.388.682 
43,186.640 
77,403,506 
82,417,491 

33I0431725 

47,989,872 
58,574,62o 
51,294,710 
61.327,411 
78,665,522 
70,971,780 
93,020,513 
71,957,144 
55,800.033 
77,699,074 
95,566.021 
101.536,963 
108,343.150 
22,430,960 
52,203,233 
66,757.970 
61.316.832 
38.527.236 
27,856,017 
6,927,441 
52,557,753 
81,920.052 
87,671,569 
93,281.133 
70,142.521 
69,691.669 
65,074.382 
72,160,281 
74,699,030 
75,986,657 
99,535,388 
77,595,352 
82,324.827 
72,264,686 
72,358,671 
73,849.508 
61.310,583 
87,176.943 
90,140.433 
104,336.973 
121,693,577 
128,663,040 
117,419,376 
108,486,616 
121.028,416 
132,085,946 
121,851,803 
104,691.534 
84.346.480 
111.200,046 
114,646.606 
113,488.516 
158,648.622 
154,032,131 
145,755.820 
151,898.720 
218.388,011 
209,658.366 
230,976,157 
278,325,268 
275,166.846 
326.964.908 
362,960,682 
324.644,421 
356,789.462 
400,122,290 
249.344  913 
227.558,141 
268,121,058 
264,234,529 
233.672,529 
434,903,593 
355,374.513 
375,737.001 
343.256,077 
450,927,434 
541,262,166 
524,055.120 

1798  

iRfln 

1R01 

1802.... 

1803  

Specie  included  with 
merchandise  prior 
to  1821. 

•JQf|F 

IfiOfi 

1R07 

1808 

1809 

1810 

1811 

1812  

1R14 

ifitfi 

1816 

1817  

18,064,890 
3,369,846 
5,097,896 
8,378,970 
!      6.150,765 
6,880.966 
8,151,130 
7,489,741 
7,403,612 
8,155,964 

17,911,632 

13.131,447 
13,400,881 
10,516,414 
17,747,116 
5,595,176 
8,882,813 
4.988.633 
4,087.016 

3J77,732 
24,121,289 
6,360,284 
6,651,240 
4,628,792 
6,453,503 
5.505,044 
4,201,382 
6,758,587 
3,659,812 
4,207,632 
12,461,799 
19,274,496 
7,434,789 
8,550,135 
46,339,611 
16,415,052 
9,584,105 
13,115.612 
9,810.072 
10,700,092 
22,070.475 
14,188.368 
19,807,876 
26,419,179 
21,270,024 
13,743,689 

110,478,059 

10,810,180 
6,372,987 
7,014,552 
8,797.055 
4,704,563 
8,014,880 
8,243,476 
4,924,020 
2,178,773 
9,014,931 
6,656,340 
2,611,701 
2,076,758 
6,477,775 
4,324.336 
6,976,249 
3,508,046 
8,776,743 
8,417,014 
10,034,332 
4,813.539 
1,520,791 
5,454,214 
8,606,495 
3,905,268 
1,907,024 
15,841,616 
6,404,648 
7,522,994 
29,472,752 
42,674.135 
27,486.875 
41.281,504 
56,247,343 
45,745,485 
69,136,922 
52,633.147 
63,887,411 
66.546.239 
29,791.080 
36,887.640 
64,156,611 
105,396,541 
67.643.226 
86,044.071 
60,868,372 
93,784,102 
57,138,380 
58,155,666 
98,441,988 
79,877,534 

1822 

1823    

182JS 

Igot* 

1827 

1828.  .  .  . 

1829 

1830 



1835 

1836 

183ft 

•iQog 

i84o:::;.":::::::.': 

1841 

1842 

1844 

1845 

1846.... 

1847 



1852.  .  .  . 

1853 

1854 

1855 

1856  . 

1857.... 

1858 

1863.... 

1864  

18fifi 

1867 

18fifl 

1869.... 

1870 

1871... 

J872  :.:::::::::::: 

254 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


TOTAL   VALUE   OF   IMPORTS   AND   EXPORTS -CONTINUED. 


FISCAL  YEAR.* 

MERCHANDISE. 

SPECIE. 

MDSE.  AND  SPECIE  COMBINED. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Excess  of  im- 
ports (rom.) 
or  exports 

(italics). 

Imports, 
gold  and 
silver. 

Exports, 
gold  and 
silver. 

Total 
Imports. 

Total 
exports. 

Excess  of  Im- 
port*   (rommn 

(itftlici). 

JUJ  

$642,136,210 
567,406,342 
533.005,436 
460,741,190 
451,323,126 
437.051.532 
445,777.775 
667.954,746 
642.6tU.628 
724.639.574 
723.180.914 
667,697.693 
577,527,329 
635.436,130 
692.319,768 
723,957.114 
745.131,652 
789.310.40!) 
844.916.1116 
827,402.46^ 
866.400.922 
654.994.622 
731,969.965 
779,724,674 
764.730.412 
61S.049.654 
697.148.489 
849,941,184 
823.172.165 
903,320.948 
1,023.719,237 
991,087,371 
1.117.513,071 
1,226,568343 
1.434,421,425 
1  194  341  792 

$522,479.922 
586,283.040 
513,442,711 
540,384.671 
602.475,220 
694,865,766 
710,439.441 
835.638.658 
902.377.346 
750,542,257 
323,839.402 
740,513,609 
742,189.755 
679,524,830 
716.183,211 
695.954.507 
742,401,375 
857,828,684 
884,480,810 
1,030.278,148 
847.665,194 
892.140.572 
807,538.165 
882.606.938 
1,050.993.556 
1,231,482.330 
1,227,023.302 
1,394,483.082 
1,487,764.991 
1,381,719,401 
1,420.141.679 
1,460.827.271 
1,518.561,666 
1.743,864.500 
1,880,853.078 
1.860.773,346 
1.663.011.104 
1,744.984.720 
2,049.320.199 
2,204.322.409 
2,465,884.149 
2.364.579,148 
2,768.589.340 
4.33o.i;o8.St;o 
>,m048.olM 
5.919.711.371 
7,225,084.257 

$119.656.288 
18,676.69* 
19.562.725 
79,643.4*1 
1^1,152.094 
257,814.234 
264.661,666 
167.683.912 
259,712.718 
25.902.683 
100.658.488 
72.815.916 
164.662.426 
44.088.694 
23.H63.443 
28.002.607 
2.730.277 
68,518.275 
39,564.614 
202.875.686 
18,735.728 
237.145.95tl 
75.568.200 
102.882.264 
286.263.144 
615.432.676 
529,874,813 
544,541,898 
664.592.826 
478,398.453 
394,422.442 
469,739,900 
401,048.595 
517,300,657 
446,429.653 
666.431,554 
351,090,880 
188,037.290 
522.094.094 
550,967,475 
652.905,915 
470,653,491 
1,094.419,600 
2,135,775355 
3,630,693,209 
2,974.055.968 
4.129,207.675 

821,480.937 
28,454,906 
20,900,717 
15,936.681 
40,V  74,414 
29.821.314 
20.296.000 
93.034,310 
110,575.497 
42,472,390 
28,489.391 
37,426,262 
43.242,323 
38.593,656 
60.170,792 
59,337,986 
28,963.073 
33.976,326 
36,259,447 
69,654.540 
44.367,633 
85,735.671 
56.595,939 
62,302.251 
115,548,007 
151.319.  455 
119,629,659 
79,829.486 
102,437.708 
80,253.508 
69.145.51» 
126,824,182 
81,133,826 
140,664.270 
157,456,873 
192,995,418 
87.958,799 
88,557.099 
119.544.262 
95,986,719 
110,462,541 
96,865,263 
200.679.078 
528.163.676 
1.012,179.589 
194,741,636 
141.188.999 

$84.608.574 
66,630.405 
92,132.142 
56.506.302 
56.162.237 
33.740,125 
24.997.441 
17,142,919 
19,406,847 
49,417.479 
31,820,333 
67,133,383 
42.251,525 
72.463,410 
35.997,691 
46,414,183 
96,641.533 
52,148,420 
108.953,642 
83.005,886 
149,418,163 
127,429,326 
113,763,767 
172,951.617 
102.308,218 
70.511,630 
93.841,141 
104.979,034 
117,470,357 
98,301,340 
91.340.854 
130,932,688 
141.442,836 
103.442,654 
108.138,249 
130,354,126 
147,214,610 
173.850,076 
87,259,611 
122.219,013 
149.376,933 
167,003.552 
197,166,335 
150.0U.071 
570.201,158 
330.033,623 
417.750.085 

$663,617,147 
595,861,248 
553,906.153 
416,677.871 
492,097,540 
466.872.84j 
466,073,775 
760,989,056 
753,'240,125 
767,111.964 
751,670.305 
705,123,955 
620,769,652 
674,029,792 
752,490.500 
783,295,100 
774.094,725 
823286735 

$607,088,496 
652,913,445 
605,574,853 
596.890,973 
658,037.457 
728,605,891 
735.430,882 
852,781,577 
921.784.193 
799,956,736 
855,659,735 
807,646.992 
784,421,280 
751,988.240 
752.180.902 
742.368.690 
839,042,908 
909.977,104 
993,434,452 
1,113.284.034 
997,083.357 
1,019,569,898 
921,301,932 
1  .055.558.555 
1.153.301.774 
1.301.993.960 
1.320.864.443 
1,499,462,116 
1,605.235,348 
1,480,020,741 
1.520,482,533 
1.591,759,959 
1.660,004,502 
1.847,307,154 
1,988,989,327 
1.991.127,472 
1.810.225.714 
1.918.734,796 
2,136,579,810 
2,326,541.422 
2,615.261.082 
2,531.582.700 
2,965.755.675 
4,483,699,936 
6.660.249,550 
6.249.744.994 
7.642.834.342 

156,528,651 
57,052,197 
51,668,700 
120,213,102 
166.539,917 
261,733,045 
269,363,107 
91,792,521 
168.544.068 
32.847,772 
103.989,430 
102.523^037 
163.651,628 
77.958,448 
309.658 
40,926,410 
64,948,183 
86,690,369 
112,258,809 
216,227,032 
86,314.802 
278.839,605 
132,736.028 
213,531,630 
273,023,355 
534.624.851 
504.086,295 
569.691.446 
679,625,475 
496,436.285 
425,617,778 
473,848,406 
461.357,606 
520.079.041 
397,111.029 
603,790.662 
410,346.691 
273.230267 
489.809.443 
577,199.769 
691,820,307 
540,791,780 
1.090.906,857 
1.757,652,750 
2,988,714,776 
3.108.347.955 
4,405,768,761 

187^ 

1876  

187ft 

1879 

188(1 

1881... 

1882  

188;) 

1886  . 

1887... 

1888.  .  .  . 

1889  
1890 

1891 

881,175,643 
897,057,002 
910,768.555 
740,730.293 
788,565,904 
842,026.925 
880,278.419 
767.369.109 
816,778,148 
929,770.670 
925,609.873 
983,574,456 
1,094,864.755 
1,117,911,553 
1,198,646.897 
1,367,228,113 
1,591,878.298 
1,387.337,210 
1,399,879,023 
1,645,504.529 
1.646,770.367 
1,749,341,653 
1.923.440.775 
1.990.790.920 
1.874.848,818 
2.726,047,186 
3,671.534,774 
H,  140.397.039 
S.237,065,581 

1COJ 

1895.... 

1896.  .  .  . 

1897  

lgjj  

1901 

1  no-) 

1903.  .  .  . 

1904... 

1905.  .  .  . 

1906.... 

1907 

1908  

1909 

1.311,920.224 
1.556.947.430 
1.527,226,105 
1.653,354.934 
1.812.978,234 
1  ,893,925,657 
1.674,169,740 
2.197,883.510 
2.659.355.185 
>  i)  (5  (^5  40^ 

1910 

1911  .. 

1912.... 

1918  

1914.... 

1915 

1916 

1917.  .  .  , 

1918.... 

1919  

3.095.876.582 

*  Fiscal  year  ended  Sept.  30  prior  to  1S43;  since  that  date  ended  June  30. 
Note— Merchandise  and  specie  are  combined  I  pose   of    showing-  the   total   inward   and   cut- 
in  the  columns  at  right  of  table  ior  the  pur-  |  ward  movement  of  values  by  years. 


TONNAGE. 

1918.  1919. 

Entered— American 19.283,530  19,694.012 

Foreign    26,172,407  25.259.605 


Total 45.455,937  44.953.617 

Cleared— American   19.261,733  21,326.734 

Foreign    26.807,749  26,595,996 


Total 46,069,483  47,922,730 


GOLD  AND  SILVER. 

Metal.  1918.  1919. 

Gold— Imports $124,413,483  $  62,263,733 

Exports    190,852,224      116,575,535 

Silver— Imports    ....      70,328.153        78,825.266 

Exports    139,181,399     301.174.550 


DUTIES  COLLECTED  ON  IMPORTS. 

On  principal  articles  or  groups  of  articles 
imported  into  the  United  States  for  consump- 
tion. 

Articles.  1917. 

Animals    $127,854 

Ereadstuffs  2,506.972 

Chemicals  6,479,307 

Clocks,  watches   1.585,279 

Cotton*    19.370.102 

Earthenware    2.752.027 

Feathers    1.519,826 


1918. 

$85.633 

1.378.234 

5.994.932 

2,593.069 

14,032,346 

3,089.443 

971.793 


Articles.                              1917.  1918. 

Fibers*      $10,335,053  $9,478,857 

Fish    769,115  230.978 

Fruits  and  nuts 5,919,670  4.686.378 

Furs*    1,170.935  612.055 

Glass*     585,434  479.396 

Hats,   bonnets    2.401,959  1.809.924 

Iron  and  steel 2.707.564  2.440.565 

Leather*    1.729.897  1,535,771 

Malt   liquors    686,296  234.874 

Meat,    dairy    products..        949.997  764.508 

Oils     .                                  .     2,897,628  2.250,102 

Paints    195.116  110.060 

Paper*     .                           .     1,682.215  1.181,549 

Perfumeries  1.980,031  1.774,782 

Pipes    .                              .     1.538.582  2,757.581 

Precious  stones 8,086,182  4.835,688 

Seeds    .                                .    2.739,698  2,978.315 

Silk*     18,088.180  12.202.607 

Spirits,    distilled    7.946.343  3.758.234 

Sugar    .                             . .  55.382.140  48,980.573 

Tobacco*     29.837.013  21,960.646 

Toys    1.492,529  703.146 

Vegetables    2.734.518  1.759,187 

Wines    .                      4.758.385  2.976.154 

Wood*    775.878  631.186 

Woolt     .                                      525,271  133.804 

Wool*     6.590,475  8.829.508 

*Including   manufactures   of.      tUnmanufac- 
i  tured.     {Manufactured. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


255- 


VALUE    OF   IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS    OF    MERCHANDISE    BY    COUNTRIES. 

Fiscal  years  ended  June  30. 

Countries. 

1918                    1919. 
$12.766                $308,700 
1,514.054              1.553.773 
80.053                  647.869 
8  569                     78.971 
1.022.397              2,294,048 
2  179                  3U9.053 
75.638,078            62.693.315 
64,094                  944,981 
2212                     13.912 
18,481,432            22.876,904 
777.663                  905.774 
30.014.349            21,573.527 
4,171                       3.656 
16.396.633            30.652.531 
3,235.020               3.219,245 
5.030,633              4.427.723 

1918. 

1919. 
$19.441.  60S 
353,828 
322.940,837 
1,281.036- 
93,167,530 
9,509.167 
976.696,797 
8,843.882 
39.979-L38 
22.908.250 
3.884,961 
496.174.736 
1.374.951 
103.801^757 
101.641.460 
21,975,728 
1,050,451 
11,390,318 
2,696.876 
98,931,638 
78,119,187 
63,223.093 
8,017.376 
2.029.916.069 
93,847,767 
23.648.405 

Azores  and  Madeira  islands.... 
Belgium 

$179.514 
95.390,695 

Denmark    

"    4.969,542 
68,360 
883.734.921 

France  

Germany         . 

Gibraltar  

6.488,618 
2,573,882 
2,014.288 
477.898.774 
147.785 
6,381.964 
25.216.242 
21.681.537 
310,774 
116,705.346 
17.497 
67.163.288 
4,122.550 
21,246.078 

Greece 

Iceland  and  Faroe  islands... 

Italy     . 

Malta.  Gozo.  etc  

Netherlands  

Norway  

Portugal  

Russia  in  Europe   

15.146,826 

*  '24,565.565 
10.636.354 
18,862,990 

2.927.434 

"30,  979'.  183 
5.820,070 
18.648.788 
4.966.558 
129,345.899 
15,303.866 
12.457.813 

Serbia,  Montenegro  and  Albania 
Spain  

Sweden  

Switzerland  

Turkey  in  Europe 

United  kingdom  —  England  

150.403.714 
18.792.315 
20.886.427 

1,849,341,528 
136.084.411 
10.437.358 

Scotland   

Ireland  

Total  united  kingdom  

190,082.456 

157.107.578 

1.995.863.297 

2.147.412,241 

Total  Europe  
North  .America  —  Bermuda  

4,11,578,494 

704.540 
0  361  358 

372,953.593 

1,475.954 
2,729,655 
468,954.818 

8,222.108 
11,115.721 
6,259.412 
4.596.303 
8,301.179 
5.273.599 

3.732,174,352 

2.279.606 
2.420,184 
778,490,022 

1,903.224 
5,563.493 
4.618429 
4.377,688 
23.641.116 
3.479.332 

4.634,816.841 

1.977.170 
2,307.804 
813,723,031 

4,175.646 
5,946,331 
6,189.248 
5,519,137 
21,262.539 
5.038.229 

British  Honduras..    .. 

Canada   

434,254,567 

7,615,482 
7  822  960 

Central    American    states  

Costa    Rica  

Guatemala    

Honduras   

5,437.809 
4,590.037 
7  845  390 

Nicaragua 

Panama   

Salvador    

6.870.432 

Total  Central  Amer.  states.  .  . 
Greenland 

40,182,110 

218.513 
140,659.542 
3.191 
6,218,304 

685.102 
3  °8°  98° 

43.768.32^ 

97.500 
157,693,451 
40 
6,032,781 

539,158 
3,377.210 
4.964.791 
2.301.621 

43,582,982 

13,192 
107,077.033 
262,327 
9,656,144 

2,701,156 
7,834.096 
6.999.946 
5,389,838 

48,131,130 

7,730 
119,962.982 
373.581 
14,545,065 

3.752,541 
7.579,635 
7,041,495 
4,459,773 

Mexico    

Miquelon.  Langley.  etc  

Newfoundland  and  Labrador.  . 
West  Indies- 
British  West  Indies:  Barbados 
Jamaica 

Trinidad  and  Tobago  
Other   British  

7,144.415 
3,009.956 

Total  British  West  Indies.... 
Cuba    

14,122,455 

264.024.006 
8,061.412 
1.056.622 

122.960 
4.815.544 
1.542,222 

11.182,780 

337,654.142 
9.801,954 
2.240,746 
61.128 
9,496.037 
1.380.888 

22,925.036 

235,469.608 
16,011,690 
1,622.796 
6,381.127 
8,359.922 
1.807.344 

22,833,444= 

229.545.706 
15,578,663 
1,424,440 
7,614,692 
12,152,876 
1,754.028 

Dominican   Republic 

Dutch  West  Indies  

French  West  Indies.  .  . 

Haiti    

Virgin  islands  of  the  U.  S  

Total  West  Indies  

293,745,221 

371.817,675 

292,577.523 

290.903.849 

Total  North  America  
South  America—  Argentina  

918.347,346 

195.633,348 
122.917 
113,511,954 
141,075.704 
25,975.988 
10,887,968 
400,000 
364.002 
972,395 
4,991 
69,797 
41,580.773 
23,530.682 
13,287,738 

1,052,570.196 

166,061.539 
700.253 
125,283,489 
135,602.542 
28.267.604 
9,009.005 

1,236,359,013 

109,373.150 
3,581.395 
66,270.046 
63,529.124 
10.994.199 
4,924.544 
30a,009 
5,266.778 
982.407 
761,906 
670.766 
22,011,583 
18,064,880 
7.823.007 

1,291,932,342 

138,831,832 
6,731,  918 
93.294,275 
70.288,581 
13,441,256 
5.017.686 
81,493 
5.921,229 
2.087.1  J  6 
1.270,616 
734.379 
26,149.900 
27,775,692 
9.275,680 

Bolivia   

Brazil  

Chile    '      ' 

Colombia    

Ecuador    

Falkland  islands  

Guiana  :   British.  .... 

310.863 
868,064 
16.778 
363.159 
34,835,636 
47^23.263 
19*732,709 

Dutch  

French    . 

Paraguay  

Peru   

Uruguay  

Venezuela    

Total  South  America  
Asia  —  Aden   .  , 

567.418.257 

1.516.605 
116.644.981 

568,374,904 

2,381.281 
105.762.859 

314.558.794 

257,764 
43  47fi  fi23 

400.901.601 

326,313 
R2  992  49.T 

China  

256 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Im  ortg 

Countries.                                       r 
China,  leased  territory: 

1918.                     1919. 

1918. 
$21,346 
333,950 
23.112 
5.642.417 

1919. 

$12,417 
64,265 
24.055,680 

$1,640 
189,746 
22,365,206 

$7.720 
87,606 
9,408.291 

140.777,343 
10.082 

105,277,743 
159.188,127 
32.140,262 

128,319.451 
298,973 

125.471.468 
137.576.918 
24.327.632 

49,497.448 
1,068.735 

42,395,622 

8,810,297 
1,087.024 

92.496,112 
3.411,371 

50,501,740 
12,200,452 
1.570,695 

East  Indies: 
British—  British  India  

Other  British  

Total  British  East  Indies. 

296.606.132 

79,314.233 
332 
404 
18,086,274 
284,945.439 
888,084 
3.649.663 
156,981 
222  039 
20.031 

287,376.018 

71,036,606 
492.950 

**  26,066,355 
303.993.041 
447,675 
2.736,841 
173,231 
7,567,652 
13,927 

52.292.943 

19,777,504 
316,790 
8.663 
20,275,638 
267,641,212 
119,714 
34,718.541 
1,148,484 
305,557 
274 

64,272.887 

44.845,561 
<1.368,923 
10,430 
24,721,067 
326.462,269 
644,960 
41,455,457 
2.113.851 
1,794.711 
636 

Other  Asia  

826,193,642 

49,471,485 
11,836.778 
3,029.439 

830,904,001 

74,643,999 
24.750,634 
4.776.025 

447,429,267 

66,581,501 
17.378,678 
751.635 

603,924,548 

109,034.686 
27,999,468 
786,806 

Oceania  — 
British  Oceania:    Australia.... 

64,337,702 

2,834,673 
931,920 
78.101,412 

104.170.658 

1,878,593 
1,468.118 
82,490  760 

84.711,814 

1,266.965 
487,321 
48.425.088 

137.820,960 

1.225,897 
273,760 
69,030.876 

146,205,707 

190,008.129 

134.891,188 

2,000 
333*970 
8,029.263 
35,199.720 
1.518.891 

208.351.493 

14.809 
16.761,226 
33,295,835 
440.394 

865,053 
14.598.023 
36,388,174 
863.370 

2,731,839 
9.120,488 
44.841.871 
1,382.091 

British  Africa  :  West   
South   

East  

50.497,455 

159,066 
20,907,958 
899,833 
58,117 
207.572 
35,594 
25.298 
178,421 
2,927.834 

51,849.567 

164,341 
23,934,571 
1,138,922 
49.211 
378.804 
225.163 
26,979 
304.244 
2.038.904 

44,747,874 

226,232 
3,149,994 
2,102,443 
6,842 
421 
151,270 
149,344 
309,814 
3,099,287 
17,266 

55*344,450 

1,088.036 
10,293,189 
7.895.308 
5.424 
137,577 
333.849 
539,656 
1.859,782 
4,814.177 
54.145 

Liberia                                  •  ...... 

Spanish  Africa  

Total  Africa  

75.911,957 

81.065.750 

54.298.757 

85,157.432 

Grand  total  

2.945,655.403 

3.095,876,582 

5.919.711.371 

7,225.084,257 

IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  DOMESTIC   AND   FOREIGN   MERCHANDISE   BY   CONTINENTS. 

Fiscal  years  ended  June  30. 
EXPORTS. 


North 

South 

Asia  and 

Tear. 

Europe. 

America. 

America. 

Oceania. 

Africa. 

Total. 

1912. 

.$1.341,732,789 

$516.837,597  ! 

5132,310,451 

$189,398,148 

$24.043,424 

$2.204,322,409 

1913. 

.  1,479,074,761 

617,413,013 

146,147.993 

194.159,465 

29,088.917 

2,465,884,149 

1914. 

.  1,486,498,729 

528,644.962 

124.539.909 

196,994.033 

27.901.515 

2,364,579,148 

1915. 

.  1.971,434,687 

477.075.727 

99,323.957 

192.235.218 

28.519.751 

2,768,589,340 

1916. 

.  2.999,305,097 

733,024.674 

180.175.374 

377,386.709 

43,591,031 

4,333.482.885 

1917. 

.  4.324.512,661 

1,163.758,100 

259.480.371 

489.564.198 

52,733.064 

6.290.048.394 

1918. 

.  3,738,231,162 

1.237,720,614 

314.564.482 

582.346.015 

55,423.368 

5.928,285.641 

1919. 

4,634,816^841 

1,291,932,342 

400.901,601 

812.276,041 

85.157,432 

7.225,084,257 

IMPORTS 

1912. 

§19,585,326 

334,072,039 

215,089.316 

261.932,365 

22,585.888 

1.653.264,934 

1913. 

92,866,384 

361,943,659 

217,734,629 

314.038,218 

26,425.344 

1.813.008,234 

1914  . 

895.602,868 

427,399,354 

222,677.075 

329.096.884 

19,149,476 

1.893.925,657 

1915. 

614.354,645 

473.079,796 

261.489.563 

300,292.655 

24.953.081 

1.674.169.740 

1916. 

616,252,749 

591.895.543 

391.562.018 

533.407.455 

64.765.745 

2.197.883.510 

1917. 

610.470.670 

766.112,537 

542.212.820 

680.545.842 

60.013.316 

2.659.355.185 

1918. 

.   411.578.494 

918.488.901 

567.276.702 

972.803.349 

75.911.957 

2.946.059.403 

1919. 

.   372.953,593 

1,052,570,196 

568,374,904 

1.020.912,130 

81.065,759 

3.095,876,582 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


257 


14,680,328.11 

156,869.866.61 

1.051,473.53 

1.397.240.58 

439,620.37 

72,813,003.88 

550,555.36 

952,598.35 

18,807.51 


889,421.19 

2,760.26 
252,916.20 


+      47,657,564.93 

—  8.223,685.09 

—  222,570.35 


INTERNAL    REVENUE    RECEIPTS. 

Comparative  statement  showing-  the  receipts  from  the  several  objects  of  internal  taxation  in 

the  United  States  during  the  fiscal  years  ended  June  30.   1918  and  1919. 

Increase  ( +  )  or 

Objects  of  taxation.  1918.                             1919.                         decrease  (— ). 
Income    and    profits — Individuals. 

partnerships,   and  corporations  $2, 838,999.894.28     52.595,987,534.84      —$243,012,359.44 
Alaska    railroads    (act    July    18, 

1914)     28,044.29                     21.167.86      —               6.876.43 

Total 2.839.027,938.57       2.596.008.702.70      —  243.019.235.87 

Estates — Transfer     of     estates     of 

decedents    47.452.879.78             82.029.983J13       +     34.577.103.35 

Distilled     spirits — Distilled    spirits 

(act   Aug-.  28.   1894) 54,850,656.36      

Distilled  spirits    (nonbeverage)  ..  11,699,701.06             26,380,029.17 

Distilled   spirits    (beverage) 119,715,570.75           276,585,437.36 

Rectified  spirits   or  wines 3.912,380.71               4,963,854.24 

Still  or  sparkling  wines,  cor- 
dials, etc 9,124,368.56  10,521,609.14 

Grape  brandy  used  in  fortifying 

sweet  wines    641,668.42               1.081,288.79 

Floor   taxes— Distilled   spirits 113,727,536.32             40,914,532.44 

Rectified    spirits    or    wine* •  550.555.36 

Still  or  sparkling  wines,  cordials*       952,598.35 

Grape  brandy  used  in  fortifica- 
tion*   18,807.51 

Rectifiers:  retail  and  wholesale 
liquor  dealers:  manufacturers 

of  stills,  etc.   (special  taxes)..  3,516,032.90               2,626,611.71 

Stamps  for  distilled  spirits  in- 
tended for  export .12.585.25  9.824.99 

Case  stamps  for  distilled  spirits 
bottled  in  bond 353.187.00 606.103.20 

Total   317.553.687.33           365.211.252.26 

Fermented     liquors  —  Fermented 

liquors    (barrel   tax) tl25,727,581.16           117,503,896.07 

Brewers:  retail  and  wholesale 
dealers  in  malt  liquors  (special 
taxes)  558.276.49 335.706.14 

Total    126,285.857.65           117,839,602.21 

Tobacco — Cigars     (large) 30,034,476.95             36,086,247.16 

Cigars    (small) 875.727.20                  925,016.61 

Cigarettes     (large) 121,306.12                   162,349.11 

Cigarettes    (small) 66,370,961.45             90,440,806.73 

Snuff   of   all  descriptions 4,049,402.14               5,134,366.30 

Tobacco,    chewing    and    smoking  47.485,437.44             57,491,383.95 

Cigarette  papers   and  tubes 431.382.24               1.020,532.02 

Floor   taxes    (cigars,    cigarettes, 

tobacco,   and  snuff) 5.562.233.70             13,027,306.11 

Additional    taxes    on    cigar    and 

cigarette    stamps 473,137.18                   563,798.30 

Additional  taxes  on  tobacco  and 

snuff    stamps 246,108.72                  362.176.52 

Manufacturers  of  cigars,  ciga- 
rettes, and  tobacco  (special 

taxes)      538.486.76 789.109.03 

Total    156,188.659.90           206,003.091.84 

Revenue  acts  of  1917   and  1918. 

Munition  manufacturers'  tax 13,296.927.32       

Documentary  stamps,  etc. — Bonds 
capital-stock     issues,     convey- 
ances,   etc 12,948,622.76              18,747,421.49 

Capital-stock   transfers 2,236,040.52                7,540.881.04 

Sales  of  produce  (future  deliv- 
eries)    2,353,888.98  7,263,571.00 

Playing-     cards 1,276,505.42                2.091,790.62 

Perfumes,    cosmetics,    etc 1,500,018.93 

Transportation   of   freight 30.002,163.38           116,345,976.85 

Transportation  of  express 6.458.994.82              14,301,901.49 

Transportation    of    persons 24.306,350.26              77,790,778.43 

Seats,   berths  and   staterooms 2.236.699.76                5,896.833.09 

Oil  by  pipe  lines 1.433,324.61               5,001.693.60 

Telegraph,     telephone    and    radio 

messages   6,299.017.18             17,879.233.07 

Leased  wires  or  talking-  circuits 23,155.77 

Insurance     (life,     marine,     inland. 

fire  and  casualty) 6.492,025.48             14,508.881.31 

Excise  taxes  (revenue  act  of  1917)  36,977,000.66            42.097.553.64 

Manufacturers'    excise    tax — Auto-  * 
mobile  trucks  and  automobile 

wagons     ."..  t                            1.934.222.51 


8,446.255.44 

6,051,770.21 

49,289.41 

41,042.99 

24.069,845.28 

1,084,964.16 

10,005,946.51 

589,149.78 

7,465,072.41 

90,661.12 

116,067.80 


250,622.27 


49,814,431.94 
13,296,927.32 


5,798,798.73 
5,304,840.52 

4,909,682.02 
815,285.20 

1,500,018.93 
86,343,813.47 

7,842,906.67 
53,484,428.17 

3,660,133.33 

4,168.368.99 

11,580,215.89 
23,155.77 

8,016,855,83 
5,120,552.98 


1.934,222.51 


AL.XLANAI,   ANSJ    YE^K'-BOOK   FOB'   1920. 


Objects  of  taxation. 
Other    automobiles    and    motor- 

1918.                „.          1919. 
t                        $17  915  510  81 

Increase  (  4-  )  or 
decrease  (  —  ). 

4-   $17  915  510  81 

Tires,    parts,    or    accessories   for 

490827618 

+        4  908  276  18 

Pianos,    organs,    sporting    goods, 
chewing  gum,  cameras,  etc  
Motion  picture  films  leased  

t                              8,584,194.92 
2391598 

+        8,584,194.92 
+              23  915  98 

Consumers'  excise  tax  —  Sculpture, 

4-            112  770  67 

Carpets   and  rugs,  picture  frames. 

394  971  78 

+           394  971  78 

Jewelry,'  watches,   clocks,    opera 
erla&ses.    etc  

1.794.247.50 

4-         1.794.247.50 

Beverages     (nonalcohplic) ,    includ- 
ing soft  drinks,  mineral  waters. 


etc  

$2,215,181.03 

7.182,219.25       - 

}-        4,967,038.22 

Opium,  coca  leaves,  including  spe- 

cial   taxes,    etc  .... 

185.358.93 

726,136.79       - 

[-           540.777.86 

Corporation,    on   value    of   capital 

stock    

24,996,204.54 

28,775,749.66 

f        3,779,545.12 

Brokers,  stock,  etc  

333.396.57 

1,048,578.29 

f            715,181,72 

Theaters,  museums,  circuses,  etc.. 

865,360.19 

1,349,742.22 

f            484,382.03 

Bowling  'alleys,   billiard   and  pool 
tables    

1,086,307.82 

1,611,980.14 

}-            525,672.32 

Shooting      galleries      and      riding 

academies     

12.512.05 

f               12,512.05 

Passenger  automobiles  for  hire  — 

507,721.01 

f            507,721.01 

Yachts,      pleasure     boats,      power 

boats,  etc  

190,764.45       - 

f            190,764.45 

Admissions    to   theaters,    concerts. 

cabarets,    etc  

26,357,338.80 

50,919,608.42       - 

f      24,562,269.62 

Dues  of  clubs  (athletic,  social  and 

sporting)     
Unidentified    collections    (distribu- 

2,259,056.57 

4,072.548.59 

f        1,813,492.02 

tion  by    sources    later)  

4,775.200.00 

f-        4,775,200.00 

Total 


Miscellaneous  —  Adulterated  and 
process  or  renovated  butter 
and  mixed  flour 

Oleomargarine,   colored 

Oleomargarine,   uncolored 

Oleomargarine  manufacturers  and 
dealers  ( special  taxes) 

Sales  of  government  property,  re- 
ceipts from  sources  no  longer 
taxable,  etc 


204,615,765.60 

66,129.05 
562,725.00 
829,606.40 

944,575.60 
1,091,813.84 


468,430',561.55   +  263,814,795.95 


134,583.13 
680,351.45 

852,888.80 

1,258,590.83 
1,501,004.15 


68.454.08 

117,626.45 

23,282.40 

314,015.23 
409,190.31 


Total   , 

Grand    total.... , 

*Included  in  1918  'with  reg-ular  taxes  on 
these  products,  tlncludes  $1,462,827.51  from 
floor  tax.  ^Consolidated  and  reported  above 
as  excise  taxes,  revenue  act  1917. 

Note— Collections    from    sale    of   parcel   post 


3,494,849.89  4,427,418.36        +  932,56847 

3,694,619.638.72  3,839,950,612.05  +  145,330,973.33 
and  other  adhesive  stamps  for  the  fiscal  year 
1919  so  far  reported  by  the  postmaster  gen- 
eral under  the  revenue  act  of  1918,  but  which 
are  not  included  in  this  statement,  amounted 


RECEIPTS    ON    PRODUCTS    FRO: 

Articles  taxed. 
Cigars     (large) 

M    PHILIPPIN 

1918. 
$792,654.79 
19.20 
8,883.74 
483.02 

E   ISLANDS. 

1919. 
$1,088,194.35 

Increase  (  +  )  or 
decrease  (  —  ). 
+  $295,539.56 
—              19.20 
—           427.49 
—           352.40 

+        1,316.40 

+      20,510.35 

—                   .84 

Cigarettes     (large)         

8,45625 
130.62 

1,316.40 

22,368.64 

Manufactured    tobacco  

Floor    taxes  —  cigars,     cigarettes,     tobacco     and 

Additional  taxes  on  cigar  and  cigarette  stamps 
held   by   manufacturers     

1.858.29 
.84 

Total' 


803,899.88        1,120.466.26     +    316,566.38 


TAX  ON  PRODUCTS  FROM  PORTO  RICO. 


Articles  taxed. 
Distilled    spirits     (nonbeverage) 

Distilled  spirits    (beverage) 

Cigars     (large) 

Cigars     (small) 

Cigarettes    (large) 

Cigarettes     (small) 


Total    

*Collection,    act   of  Aug.   28,   1894. 


1918. 
$349,039.44 
*954.91 
680,937.96 
4,532.50 
2,812.20 
7,642.05 

1919. 

$268,410.85 
68,537.60 
574,383.57 
5,  5."  0.00 
6,096.00 
34,710.44 

Increase  (  +  )  or 
decrease  (  —  )  . 
—$80,628.59 
+    67,582.69 
—106,554.39 
+      1,017.50 
+      3,283.80 
+   27,086.39 

1,049,919.06 


957.688.46      —  88-230.60 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


259 


WITHDRAWN   FOR   CONSUMPTION,    AND    ON  WHICH  TAX  WAS  PAID. 

Articles  taxed.  1918.  1919.  Increase  (  +  ) or 

Distilled     spirits — Product     withdrawn  decrease  ( — ). 

(act   Aug.    28,    1894) gals.  49,864.234  ,...'..  —      49,864.234 

Nonbeverage    gals.  5.318,046  11,990.922  +         6,672,876 

Beverage    sals.  37,411,116  72,595,062  +       35,183,946 

Spirits  or  wines,   rectified grals.  26,082.538  28,092,537  +         2.009,999 

Fermented  liquors brls.  50,184,594  30.093,159  —      20,091,435 

Cig-ars    (large)— Class  A No.  3.177.044.080  1,363.576.905  —1,813,467,175 

Class    B No.  3,383,530,850  3,675,935,195  +     292,404.345 

Class    C...                      No.  1,194.267.843  2.025.514.847  +     831,247,004 

Class    D No.  12,903.957  20.905,797  +          8.001,840 

Class    E No.  16,553,450  24,944,856  +          8,391,406 


Total    No. 

Cig-ars     (small) No. 

Cigarettes     (large) No. 

Cigarettes     (small) No. 

Snuff,    manufactured Ibs. 

Tobacco,  chewing-  and  smoking1 — Ibs. 
Oleomargarine — Colored    Ibs. 

Uncolored    Ibs. 

Adulterated   butter Ibs. 

Process   or  renovated  butter Ibs. 

Playing-  cards   packs 

*Based  on  payments  by  assessment  made 
against  the  product  found  on  the  market, 
which  had  not  paid  the  tax. 

Note— The  above  statement  of  withdrawals 
for  1919  includes,  on  account  of  Philippine 
products.  264.323.775  larg-e  cigars,  1.173,930 
large  cigarettes,  2.407,054  small  cigarettes,  and 


7,784,300.180          7,110,877,600 
947,618,961  788.529,823 

27,795,426  28.792.152 

36.931.539.378       38,075.946,158 
35.036.561  34  895.173 

417,647.509  376,959.091 

4.502.250  5,52)1  003 

331,842.560  341.132.320 

62,198  *541.039 

19.056.092  17.504.724 

23,004,671  28.600,796 

1.004  pounds  manufactured  tobacco:  on  ac- 
count of  Porto  Rican  products.  143,423  gal- 
lons distilled  spirits,  121,284.760  large  cigars, 
5.550.000  small  cigars,  1.120.000  large  ciga- 
rettes, and  16,922,654  small  cigarettes:  and 
on  account  of  products  from  the  Virgin 
islands,  1,931  gallons  distilled  spirits. 


—  673,422,580 

—  159,089,138 
+  996.726 
+  1,144,406.780 

—  141.388 

—  40,688.418 
+  1,018.753 
+  9,289.760 
+  478.841 

—  1.551.368 
+  5,596,125 


WITHDRAWALS  TAX  PAID. 


Distilled 

Tobacco. 

spirits. 

Fermented 

dhewing  and 

Taxable 

liquors. 

Cigars. 

Cigarettes. 

smoking. 

Snuff. 

1913. 

gallons. 
143.220,056 

Barrels. 
65.245,544 

Number. 
8,732,815,703 

ST  umber. 
14.294.895.471 

Pounds. 
404.362,620 

Pounds. 
33,209.468 

1914. 

139.138.-501 

66.105.445 

8.707.625,230 

16,427.086.016 

4a2.505.213 

32.766.741 

1915. 

1916. 

4  24.  155.  17.8 
.136.226,528 

59.746.701 
58.564.508 

8.030.385,603 
8.337.720.530 

16.756.179,973 
21,087,757,078 

402.474.245 
417,235.928 

29.839.074 
33.170  680 

1917. 

.164.665.246 

60.729,509 

9.216.901,113 

30.529,193,538 

445.763.206 

35.377.751 

1918. 

.    92,593.396 

50.184.594 

8.731.919.141 

36.959.334.804 

417.647.509 

35.036.561 

1919.. 

.    84,585,984 

30.093.159 

7.899.407,423 

38.104,738,310 

376.959,091 

34.895,173 

Total.884,584,889  390,669,460  59,656,774.743   174.159,185,190   2,876,947,812   234,295.448 


RECEIPTS   UNDER   ACT   OF   FEB.   24,    1919. 


Following  is  a  statement  of  internal-revenue 
receipts  for  the  period  March  1  to  June  30, 
1919.  grouped  as  nearly  as  possible  to  corre- 
spond with  the  designation  of  the  taxes  levied 
under  the  revenue  act  of  1918,  approved  Feb. 
24.  1919: 

Title  II. — Income  tax "I 

Title  in.— War-profits    and 

excess-profits  tax  (from  ^$2,262,976,826.16 
corporations,       partner- 
ships and  individuals)    J 


Title  IV.— Estate  tax:  Trans- 
fer of  net  estates  of  de- 
cedents   

Title  V. — Tax  on  transporta- 
tion and  other  facilities 
and  on  insurance — Freight 
transportation  

Express    transportation 

Passenger    transportation.. 

Seats,  berths,  and  s'tate- 
rooms  

Oil  by  pipe  lines 

Telegraph,  telephone  and 
radio  messages 

Leased  wires  or  talking 
circuits  

Insurance     


18,633,351.15 


37,222,257.49 

4.569.466.80 

28,781.003.58 

2.027,309.43 
2,370,164.76 

6,503,023.15 

23.155.77 
5,396.656.67 


Title   VI.— Tax  on  beverages- 
Distilled    spirits    

Rectified  spirits  or  wines.. 


86.893,037.65 


95.378.254.58 
1.601,494,18 


Bottled-in-bond     spirits 

Export   spirits   stamps 

Still  or  sparkling  wines, 
cordials,  etc 

Grape  brandy  us/ed  in  for- 
tifying sweet  wines 

Rectifiers,  retail  and 
wholesale  dealers,  manu- 
facturers of  stills,  etc... 

Fermented   liquors    

Brewers,  retail  and  whole- 
sale malt  liquor  dealers. 

Floor  tax  on  distilled 
spirits,  wines,  etc.,  in- 
cluding increased  value 
of  beer  stamps  in  hands 
of  brewers  

Beverages  (nonalcoholic), 
including  soft  drinks,  etc. 


Title  VII.— Tax  on  cigars,  to- 
bacco and  manufactures 
thereof — Cigars  

Cigarettes     

Tobacco     

Snuff    

Cigarette  papers  and  tubes 

Floor  tax,  including  in- 
creased value  of  stamps 
in  hands  of  manufac- 
turers   


841,027.00 
4,226.84 

3,996,101.30 
107,946.71 


714,428.33 
50.408.887.46 

64,156.89 


42,742,234.55 

4.193,556.66 

199.252,314.50 


14.966.817.16 

37.290.440.49 

22.273,364.22 

2.111.448.65 

277.497.47 


13,862,065.60 


90,781,633.59 


260 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Title    VIII.—  Tax    on    admis- 
sions    and     dues—  Admis- 
sions to  places  of  amuse- 
ment  or  entertainment... 
Club  dues   

$21,  079.535.76 
1.520.354.55 

payments    upon    assessments    made    under    the 
revenue  act  of  1917. 
The    figures    shown   in    the   foregoing    state- 
ment   (other    than   income    and   profits    taxes 
which    embrace    the   first    and   second   install- 
ments),   cannot    be    taken    to    represent    the 
average    of    such    receipts    for    a     full    four 
months  period  under  the  revenue  act  of  1918. 
as  many  of   the  miscellaneous  taxes  were  not 
effective  until  April   1    and  May   1.     Further- 
more, the  collection  of  taxes  effective  on  May 
1  were,  for  the  most  part,  deferred  until  after 
June    30,    owing    to    the    granting    of    an    ex- 
tension of  time  to  July  20  for  filing  returns. 

Title    IX.—  Excise    t  a  x  es  — 

22,599,890.31 
29.262,864.79 

13.279,161.04 

(1,500.018.93 
23,915.98 
112,770.67 

394.971.78 
1.794.247.50 

Musical  instruments,  sport- 
ing goods,   chewing  gum, 
hunting  and  bowie  knives, 
articles    made    from    fur, 
yachts,  motor  boats,  etc., 
if    sold    for    more    than 
815 

Perfumes,     cosmetics,     pro- 
prietary      medicines       or 

RECEIPTS  BY  STATES   (1919). 
Alabama    $1287407598 

Alaska    ...        ..                                         351*566'33 

Positive  motion-picture 

Arizona     ..           5706934*57 

Arkansas     .....                              7  515*009*09 

California     122*438*202*64 

Colorado     21*62110900 

Carpets    and    rugs,    picture 
frames,     trunks,     valises, 
purses,    pocketbooks.  um- 
brellas, parasols,   lighting 
fixtures,  certain  grade  of 
wearing    apparel,    etc  
Jewelry,     watches,     clocks. 

Connecticut    79*618*864  15 

Delaware     2244862849 

District   of   Columbia  15,175,962*11 
Florida    9  °29  464  00 

Georgia    30  932'220'39 

Hawaii     583193319 

Idaho    3  603'l77  63 

Illinois     323003*63370 

Indiana    59.900i7il2.85 

Title   X.  —  Special   taxes—  Cor- 
porations,    on    value    of 
capital   stock    

46.367.950.69 

3,111,627.76 
743,1:15.53 

666,824.04 
14,560.50 

829.710.70 
8.986.59 
3.525.46 

507,721.01 

190.764.45 
188.805.64 
58,779.18 
22,129.75 

544.256.03 

Iowa     27,564,892.12 
Krnsaa     f          29  381  39°  48 

Kentucky     178927585*65 

Louisiana    31.618i303.43 
Maine   12  306  2*^0  75 

Brokers    

Theaters,     museums     and 
concert   halls,    etc  

Maryland    67,955,279.68 
Massachusetts    245.731,169.36 

Circuses.      aggregation      of 

Michigan    134.413,873.47 
Minnesota     .;  5111995887 

Bowling    alleys,    pool    and 
billiard   tables    

Mississippi     665658977 

Missouri     '....     106,389,'806.03 

Shooting    galleries    
Riding   academies    

Montana    7,007,314.07 
Nebraska     1823720216 

Passenger   automobiles    for 
hire    

Nevada    6,411,041.40 
New    Hampshire    9,440,214.72 

Use   of  yachts,    power   and 

New  Jersey   101,900,845.05 

Cigar    manufacturers  
Cigarette     manufacturers... 
Tobacco    manufacturers.... 
I  m  porters,     manufacturers 
and  compounders  of.  and 
dealers      and      practi- 
tioners   in    opium,     coca 
leaves,   their   salt   deriva- 
tives,   etc.,   including   tax 
on  the  product  

New  York    9°  9  744  494  60 

North   Carolina    10127815298 

North  Dakota   295965655 

Ohio      260*0058969° 

Oklahoma    17661*70461 

Oregon    1666879576 

Pennsylvania     43765387707 

Rhode    Island                                      21  890  513  14 

South    Dakota    5,653,168.08 

Title      XI.  —  Stamp      taxes- 
Bonds,     capital     stock     is- 
sues,   conveyances,    etc... 
Capital    stock    transfers  .... 
Sales    of    produce    on    ex- 
change     

6,890.806.64 

7,498,050.50 
3,654,937.68 

2.991.997.11 

Tennessee     k  23,471,771.53 

Virginia     4510854584 

Washington     29  682*811  96 

West    Virginia   25,730955.09 
Wisconsin     67,860,581.52 

Playing-  cards  

Unidentified   collections  
Tax  colleotions  not  provided 
for    in    revenue    act     of 
1918-nAlaska       railroads 
income  tax    (act  of  July 
18     1914)   

808.617.95 
14.953,603.24 
4,775.200.00 

21.167.86 
920,186.22 

309.166.04 
1,250.520.12 

Wyoming    3,167,007.71 

Total     383995061205 

RECEIPTS     BY     COLLECTION     DISTRICTS. 
Increase    (  -f-  )    or 
Districts.                1919.             decrease    (  —  ). 
Alabama    ....$19,530.665.75  —  $4,918.821.29 
Arkansas     ...      7,515,009.09  +      1,202,398.07' 
1st    California  99,179,853.66  +    13,132.655.49 
6th  California  29.669,390.38  +      5.033,019.32 
Colorado     ....24.788,116.71—     3,907.006.35 
Connecticut     .101,509,377.29  +      668791345 
Florida     9,229,464.00  +      1.361.925.19 
Georgia   30,932,220.39  +    11.916.520.34 
Hawaii     95.831.933.19—     3.854,907.75 
1st    Illinois..  .254.053,348.91  —  50.321.581.42 
5th    Illinois..  32,082,632.88  H-     3,168.649.54 

Oleomargarine,    adulterated, 
and  process  or  renovated 
butter,  and  mixed  flour.. 
Sales    of    condemned    gov- 
ernment     property.      re- 
ceipts     tinder      repealed 

Total  from  all  sources...  2.755,375,134.05 
Note—  A  number   of  items,   especially  under 
Title   IX.  excise  taxes,  include   some  delayed 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920 


Increase    (  4-  )     or 

8th     Illinois..  27,390,618.91  4-      9,158,339.97 
i  ofh     Tllinois       947703300  —      1,455,892.22 
6th    Indiana     42  300',636.55   4-      6,305,414.94 

?  H£.:               7  i8:S8:St3| 

products    from    Porto    Rico    are    included    as 
follows:      1st    Illinois.     $20;     5th    Kentucky, 
$65.07;  1st  New   York,  $335.843.32;  2d  New 
York      $620,654.94,     and     1st     Pennsylvania. 
$1,105.13. 
N0te  —  Alabama  and  Mississippi  compose  the 
district    of   Alabama;    Colorado   and   Wyoming-, 
the     district     of     Colorado;     Connecticut     and 
Rhode    Island,     the    district     of     Connecticut; 
Maryland,  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia  and 
the    counties    of    Accomac    and    Northampton, 
Virginia,    the    district    of   Maryland;    Montana, 
Idaho  and  Utah,  the  district  of  Montana:  New- 
Hampshire,    Maine    and    Vermont,    the    district 
of  New  Hampshire;  New  Mexico  and  Arizona, 
the    district    of    New    Mexico;    North    Dakota 
and  South   Dakota,   the  district  of  North   and 
South    Dakota;    Washing-ton    and    Alaska,    the 
district    of   Washington,    and    Nevada   forms    a 
part  of  the  1st  district  of  California. 

INCOME  AND  EXCESS  PROFITS  RECEIPTS. 
States  and                                 Increase    (  +  )    or 
territories.                 1919.              decrease    (—  ). 
Alabama     ....$10,392,914.26  —  $7.807,228.47 
Alaska     282,287.27    +            12,942.69 
Arizona     4,927,995.54  —     1,251,676.20 
Arkansas    ....      6,280.623.02    +          549,224.60 
California    ...   74.232,539.80  —     2,384.317.79 
Colorado    17,650,463.23  —     5,540,039.43 
Connecticut...    61.277,388.85  —         913,322.88 
Delaware    ....   20,262,707.69  —     7.148,025.67 
District        o  f 
Columbia...       7,323,728.29  —     1,498.844.94 
Florida    4,450,886.54  —         188,829.55 
Georgia      ....   25,052,149.50    +      8,821.700.41 
Hawaii     5.148,047.92  —     3,813,820.55 
Idaho    3119,349.60   4-      1.05226053 

IHLi^  «.!!27:t!  i  ..JISS&S! 

Sth    Kentucky  99  442  864.39    4-   46.256,897.98 

&&&9$H8  *  »:S8S:S?:88 

Rth    Kentucky  17  082  215.75    +      9.117.764.83 
i^uisf  1^^31:618,303.43  -     3,548,114.46 
Maryland     .  ,.105,638,20o.537  —     J.,oyu,oyy.ott 

3dv.  ^Jia  S  a  "94^  731  169  36   4-   53.916,871.37 

M     *«SS?             1928265202   4-      2,803.673.77 
Nebraska   '"i   18,237,202.16  +     4,361,386.59 

Nshire  HamP"  25,872,675.45  +         867,378.01 

1SsteyNeW   ^    18,075,249.93  —     5,805,721.90 

5tsheyNeW..J^  8?.825,595.12   +      |f|0.675.74 

N«w   Mexico..  6Z'5f£5'883.96   +      4.089.579.94 
o!r   TJ     V      *''V?l'594'977.55   4-    67.033.752.78 
15    S'    V      "10438316550    +    24.400.795.72 
?A«*    W     Y        53  8§1  272.37    +      8.624,507.71 
ot1^  -w     V    "   §9  559471.90  —     2.351,613.29 
28th  %.    t.::   63:199:724.32  -     7,814,380.88 

^CaroUna1"1.1!  27,869,054.93   +     8,095,228.80 
5tCaro?inart.h  73,409,098.05    4-  23,510,257.12 
NQ  r-n?kntaand     8612824.63   4-      3,695,773.47 

J§1°£  :.::              =  "Illtl 

3ySffifc5K0""*1S'Sl"704l61  —     1,'873.'230.'85 
UKianouidi    •••    *  A'X/fcQ'ryQ^  *7f?    -i-      £>  19*5  704  *^7 

1Cnleli"^1"l84,918,797.22  -  15,585,572.60 
9tvhaniaennSyl"  21,478,943.83  +         594,106.61 

Illinois    201.213,091.83  —  74,365,964.57 
Indiana       ....   34,572.093.71  4-      5.517.149.07 
Iowa                .     22  324  925  26  4-      7,352  713  67 

Kansas             •  21  677  746  86  —     4  266  165  55 

Kentucky    ....   22'.05l'.296.30  +      1.104',347.49 
Louisiana     ...    19,079,461.59  —     2,727,880.26 
Maine           ..       10  063  350  83  —      1,952  734  67 

Maryland    ....    30,930,214.85  —     9,073,737.09 
Massachusetts207.140.626.09  +   40.541.873.23 
Miohig-an     ....    90.665.964.08    +    19,604,655.96 
Minnesota    ...   30.651,657.90  —  27,566,476.58 
Mississippi    ..      5.873.160.53    +         917,897.01 
Missouri    67,028,558.42    4-      7,015,605.00 
Montana    5.443.404.42    4-      2,117.584.42 
Nebraska    ....   13.043,788.03    4-      1.708,705.82 
Nevada    6.189,394.61    +     5.580,164.62 
NewHampshire    8.177.113,25    4-      1.858,274.83 
New  Jersey...  67.826,787.27  —     3.984,697.61 
New  Mexico..      1,102,408.02  —         700,241.77 
New   York....  712,425,  702.94   4-  26,776,327.78 
NorthCarolina   30.050,143.77    4-      9,802.108.03 
North   Dakota     2,563,333.96    +         734,476.75 
Ohio    ....^  184,210.927.24  —  56.816.722.42 
Oklahoma     ...    14,754.148.75  —     3,509,113.32 
Oreg-on                  12  750  223  12    4-      2  680  143  66 

12valnSfnn!y!'  24,191,845.29  —  11,318,526.02 
23daT1£ennSyl~°07  064  290.73  —125,092.274.12 

t 
1 

WinJtnn     h      *30  034.378.29   4-      8,689.655.90 
W  .^irVinia.:   25:730,955.09  —  22,281,410.10 

1Ssin   ^       °n"   5?  227  525.28  4-     9,687,359.18 

Pennsylvania   30l!lll,410.79  —194,769.965:16 
Rhode    Island.   17,598,438.12    +      1,212,889.55 
SouthCarolina  17,200,692.49    4-      9,316.598.18 
South  Dakota     3,693,765.95    4-      1.214,793.01 
Tennessee     ...    17,210.136.88    4-      3.037,418.26 

2sin    WlSC°n"  10,633,056.24               644.480.28 

islands1*  *  U  G   tl  078  118  21  4-         292.667.29 

Utah    6.346.347.35    +         243,172.14 

Total        $3,839,950,612.05     +145,330,973.33 
*Includes  $21,167.80   income  tax  on  Alaska 

tin  addition  to  this  amount  reported  by  the 
United    States    internal    revenue    stamp    agent, 
collections    from     sale    of     stamps     affixed    to 
products    from    Philippine    glands    are    includ- 
ed as  follows:     1st  California.   $7.883.41;   6th 
California.    $720.90:    6th    Indiana.    $1.945.70; 
6th  Missouri.  $1.278.10;   2d  New  York    $23.- 
987.82:     1st    Ohio.    $351.70:     Oreeron.     SO  .37: 
Tennessee.    $160.30:    3d    Texas.    $440.60    and 
Washing-ton.   $5.579.15. 
JCollections    from    sale  of   stamps    affixed    to 

Vermont    3.360.459.44  —         229,215.18 
Virginia     23.851.930.36    +      2,365,777.98 
Washing-ton    .    25.996.295.61    +      6.662.211.77 
West   Virginia   21.357.100.27  —  24,191,730.19 
Wisconsin     ...   46.954.967.56    +      7,762,396.28 
Wyoming-    ....      2,215.977.39   —         469.312.26 

Total    ..2.596,008.702.70  —243,019,235.87 
Note—  income  tax   on   Alaska    railroads    (act 
of  July  18,  1914),  which  is  included  in  above 
statement,   amounted  to  $21,167.86   for  1919. 
The  receipts  for  1919  do  not  include  the  third 
and    fourth    installments    of    the    tax,    which 
under  provisions  of   the  revenue  act   of    1918 
are  payable  Sept.  15  and  Dec.  15.  respectively. 

262 


ALMANAC   AiND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


PERSONAL   INCOME   TAX  STATISTICS. 


Returns  filed. 
Income  classes.  1917. 

t  1.000  to  82,000 1.640.758 
2.000  to  83,000 U38.707 

353.000  to  $5.000 560,763 

$5,000  to  $10. 000. ...270,666 
$10,000  to  $25. 000.. .112. 502 
$25.000  to  $50.000...  30,891 
$50.000  to  $100.000..  12,439 
$100,000  to  $150, 000..  3,302 
$150.000  to  $300.000. .  2.347 
$300.000  to  $500.000 . .  559 
8500.000  to  $1.000.000  315 
$1.000.000  and  ove.r...  141 


Net  income  repo~t~d. 
1916.  1917.  1916. 

t$2.461, 137,000 

2.064,977.328 

157,149    2,115.864,601  $624.669.015 
150,553    1.827.508.0881,037,247,977 
80,880     1.687.165,6191,235.015,786 
1.042.320,083     822,661.658 
846,894,335      722.795.474 
400.492.040      357.355,318 
474,651,960      505.859,406 
209,904.969      271.938.017 
214.6:il,270      256.771.325 
306.835.914 


Personal  income  tax  yield. 


23.734 
10,452 
2.900 
2,437 
714 
376 
203 


1917. 

'»9.'097',378 
18.283,457 
44.066.389 
80.695,149 
76.593.344 
85,027,556 
55.766.236 
86,718.157 
50.227.598 


19-16. 


$775,804 
6,301,183 
11.637.014 
11,602.681 
16,298,587 
12,423,481 
24,007.267 
17,951,410 


59,349.187    20.901,911 


464.263.644  109.42^,999    51,487.356 


Total     3.472,890   •437.03613,652,383.2076,298.577,620  675.249.450173.386,694 


•Includes  7,635  returns  of  married  women 
making1  separate  returns  from  husbands.  Tho 
net  incomes  shown  by  those  returns  were,  for 
statistical  purposes,  combined  with  husbands' 


returns  and  in  each  case  treated  as  one  return 
in  its  proper  income  class. 

fDetermined  on  basis   of  the  number  of  re- 
turns filed  and   the   average  net  income. 


PERSONAL  RETURNS  BY  YEARS. 


Income   classes. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

51.000   to  $2.000  

1.640,758 

52.000   to   $2,500  A  

480.486 

52.500   to  $3.000  

358.221 

53.000   to   $4,000  

82.754 

69.045 

85.122 

374,958 

54.000   to   So.  000  

66.525 

58.949 

72,027 

185,805 

55.000   to   $10,000  

127.448 

120.402 

150.553 

270,666 

HO.  000    to   $15,000  

34.14-1 

34,102 

45,309 

65,800 

515.000   to   $20,000  

15.790 

16.475 

22.618 

29,896 

120.000    to   $25,000  

8.672 

9.707 

12.953 

16.806 

i25.000    to   $30,000  

5.483 

6.196 

8.055 

10.571 

iSO.OOO    to   $40.000  

6.008 

7.005 

10.068 

12.733 

540.000   to   $50.000  

3.185 

4.100 

5.611 

7.087 

550.000   to  $100,000  

5.161 

6,847 

10,452 

12,439 

5100,000  to  $150.000  

1.189 

1,793 

2,900 

3,302 

5150,000  to  $200.000  

406 

724 

1.284 

1,302 

5200.000  to  $250,000  

233 

386 

726 

703 

5250,000  to  $300,000  

130 

216 

427 

342 

5300.000  to  $400,000  

147 

254 

469 

380 

B400.000  to  $500,000  

69 

122 

245 

179 

5500.000  to  $1.000,000  

114 

209 

376 

315 

51.000.000    and   over  

60 

120 

206 

141 

Total  
Married  women  making-  returns  separate  from  husbands. 

357.515 

336.652 

429.401 
7.635 

3.472.890 

Total  number  of  returns  filed  

357.515 

336,652 

437,036 

3,472,890 

NET  INCOME  FROM  PERSONAL  RETURNS. 

Returns.  Net  income 

1913 357.598  $3,900,000.000 

1914 ; 357.515         4.000.000,000 

1915 336.652         4.000.000  000 

1916 437.036         6.300.000.000 

1917 *3.472.890  13.700.000.000 

•Returns  reporting  net  incomes  of  $1.000  and  more. 

INCOME  TAX  YIELD  FROM  PERSONAL  RETURNS. 


24.486,669 

43,947,818 

121.946.136 

433.345.732 


Excess  profit. 


$101,249,781 


41.046,162 

67,943,595 

173,386,694 

679.249.450 

Amount. 


Year  Normal  tax.  Surtax. 

1913  ..  $12,728,038 

1914   16.559.493 

1915  ..  23.995.777 

1916    51.440.558 

1917  140.653.937 

INCOMES  BY  PRINCIPAL  SOURCES.   1917. 
Source. 

Salaries  and  wages $3, tt48.437.902 

Business  3.958.670.028 

Property  4.469.901,354 

PERSONAL  INCOMES  FROM  BUSINESS.  1917. 
Industries.  Gross  sales. 

Agriculture $1.622,907  759 

Mining    

Manufacturing 1.271.122.965 

Construction   349.592.997 

Public  utilities 196.283.538 

Trade  6.026.670,809 

Persona  1   service 1 . 1 98. 1 30. 773 

Financs>— Banks,  etc 114.246.119 

•Total   12.489.359^068 

•Including  combination  and  special  cases. 


?s.       Expense. 
V59    $816,743,802 
672      31,851.806 
965   1,271,122,965 
997     200,204.435 
538     166,758,911 
809   5,262.829.124 
773     716,052,860 
L19      94.607,003 

Net  income. 
$806,163,957 
13,898.866 
144,242,512 
59.388.562 
20,524,627 
763.841.685 
482.077,913 
19.639.116 

9.837.913.235        2.651.445.883 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOS  FOR   1920. 


WAR  RISK  INSURANCE. 

[By  R.  W.  Emerson,  assistant  director  of  the  bureau  of  war  risk  insurance,  treasury  depart- 
ment, Washington,  D.  C.] 


The  bureau  of  war  risk  insurance  had  its 
beginning  in  the  bureau  of  marine  insurance 
of  the  treasury  department.  American  ship- 
ping-, menaced  by  the  submarine,  was  the  first 
American  interest  endangered  when  Germany 
went  to  war.  If  that  shipping-  were  not  to 
be  driven  from  the  seas,  insurance  against 
submarine  dangers,  backed  by  government 
guaranty,  had  to  be  provided. 

William  Gibbs  McAdoo.  then  secretary  of 
the  treasury,  asked  of  congress  the  right  to 
establish  a  marine  insurance  bureau  under  the 
treasury  department,  and  on  Sept.  7.  1914. 
the  bureau  began  business  with  a  staff  of 
five  clerks  in  a  subbasement  room  of  the 
treasury. 

Nearly  three  years  later  in  June.  1917.  con- 
gress grave  the  right  to  add  a  seamen's  divi- 
sion througrh  which  insurance  could  be  writ- 
ten on  the  lives  of  American  ship's  officers, 
masters  and  seamen.  When  by  reason  of  th.3 
armistice  the  books  of  this  gig-antic  marine 
and  seamen's  division  were  closed  insurance 
aggregating-  $2,389.541,525  had  been  written 
Premium  payments  on  this  business  had 
reached  the  tremendous  figure  of  847.593.555 
and  claims  and  operating-  expenses  had  totaled 
$30.548.663.  The  surplus  of  more  than 
$17,000.000  in  receipts  above  expenses  and 
claims,  tog-ether  with  the  untouched  sinking- 
fund  of  $50.000.000  provided  by  congress, 
constitute  a  fund  of  more  than  $67.000,000 
to  be  returned  to  the  United  States. 

On  Oct.  6.  1917.  the  law  was  further 
amended,  and  provision  made  for  insuring 
service  men.  providing-  compensation  for  death 
or  disability  sustained  through  military  duties, 
and  paying-  allowance  to  their  dependents  dur- 
ing- their  term  of  military  service.  This 
amendment  generally  is  referred  to  as  the  war 
risk  insurance  act. 

Under  the  war  risk  insurance  act  provision 
•was  made  for  the  payment  of  an  allotment 
from  the  soldier's  pay  and  an  allowance  from 
the  government  to  the  dependents  of  service 
men,  compensation  for  death  or  disability  sus- 
tained in  active  service  in  line  of  duty,  and 
life  insurance  in  multiples  of  $1,000  up  to 
$10,000  at  minimum  premium  rates. 

In  the  payment  of  the  government  allowance 
to  wife  and  children  $15  was  taken  from  the 
service  man's  pay  and  a  government  allowance 
added  to  bring-  the  monthly  payments  up  to 
$30  for  a  wife:  $40  for  a  wife  and  one  child: 
$47.50  for  wife  and  two  children  and  an  addi- 
tional $5  a  month  for  each  additional  child. 
This  was  known  as  Class  A  allotment. 

In  making-  allowance  to  other  dependent  rel- 
atives, known  as  Class  B.  to  the  service  man's 
allotment  there  was  added  by  the  government 
$10  for  one  parent:  $20  for  two  parents  and 
$5  for  each  dependent  sister,  brother,  grand- 
child or  grandparent. 

Checks  aggregating  more  than  $600.000,000 
were  paid  out  on  allotments  and  allowances. 
These  checks  placed  end  to  end  would  make  a 
string  more  than  2.300  miles  long,  or  more 
than  four  miles  of  checks  for  each  working 
day  of  the  bureau  up  to  July  1.  1919. 

Insurance  for  about  ninety-eight  per  cent  of 
men  in  service  was  written,  policies  averaging 
nearly  $9.000  each,  and  the  amount  totaling 
$40.000,000.000.  If  this  were  turned  into 
one  dollar  bills  placed  end  to  end  it  would 
reach  more  than  nineteen  times  to  the  moon 
and  back,  and  if  it  were  turned  into  silver 
dollars  and  placed  one  on  top  of  another  it 
would  make  600,000'  stacks  of  silver  dollars 
as  high  as  Washington  monument. 

Premiums  paid  on  this  insurance  approxi- 
mate $200.000,000  and  death  awards  made 
up  to  Aug.  1.  1919.  total  over  $1.015.000.000.  , 


making  the  cost  of  war  insurance  to  the  gov- 
ernment far  more  than  $800.000,000. 

By  a  campaign  of  contact  it  is  hoped  that 
all  of  this  enormous  volume  of  war  risk  in- 
surance may  be  continued  active,  as  United 
States  gpvernment  insurance. 

War  risk  insurance  may  be  converted  into 
United  States  government  insurance  at  any 
time  within  five  years  after  the  declaration 
of  peace  by  proclamation  of  the  president. 

The  forms  of  United  States  government  in- 
surance include: 

Ordinary  life. 

Twenty-payment  life. 

Thirty-payment    life. 

Twenty-year   endowment. 

Thirty-year    endowment. 

Endowment  maturing  at  the  age  of  62  years. 

Converted  insurance  is  permanent  government 
insurance  permanently  administered  by  the 
United  States  government.  Provision  for  this 
is  made  in  the  original  war  risk  act.  and  gov- 
ernment insurance  will  not  be  turned  over  to 
commercial  companies. 

Because  of  the  fact  that  the  entire  cost  of 
administration  of  the  government  insurance 
is  assumed  by  the  bureau  and  is  not  included 
in  the  premium,  charged,  the  initial  cost  to 
the  assured  is  considerably  below  that  of 
commercial  companies. 

No  charge  is  made  for  the  total  and  per- 
manent disability  benefit  and  this  benefit  is 
available  to  the  insured  throughout  his  life- 
time instead  of  being  limited  to  the  age  of 
60  or  65. 

Conversion  of  policies  is  available  at  any- 
time within  the  five  year  period  without  medi- 
cal examination,  and  reinstatement  privileges, 
according  to  the  latest  treasury  decision,  are 
extended  to  eighteen  months  from  the  date 
of  discharge  from  the  service,  payment  of 
premiums  covering  the  period  of  lapsation 
being  waived.  ' 

If  the  premium  on  the  converted  policy  for 
the  full  $10.000  seems  unreasonable  in  cer- 
tain cases  for  the  insured  to  pay,  it  is  per- 
missible to  convert  any  part  of  the  original 
insurance  in  multiples  of  $500  for  any  amount 
not  less  than  $1,000  at  a  proportionate  rate 
of  premium. 

The  premiums  on  converted  policies  may  be 
paid  monthly  as  well  as  quarterly,  semiannu- 
ally  and  annually  and  the  discounted  value 
of  all  premiums  paid  in  advance  of  the  month 
in  which  the  death  of  the  insured  occurs  are 
refunded  at  the  settlement  of  the  claim.  "For 
example,  if  the  insured  pays  an  annual  pre- 
mium and  dies  at  any  time  before  the  expira- 
tion of  eleven  months,  the  discounted  vaiu» 
of  all  premiums  paid  in  advance  of  the  cur- 
rent month  at  the  time  of  his  death  will  be  re- 
funded. The  same  rule  applies  in  the  case  of 
semiannual  and  quarterly  premium  payments. 
The  government  policies  are  nontaxable. 
The  policy  grants  to  the  insured  the  privi- 
lege of  changing  the  beneficiary  at  any  time 
without  the  knowledge  or  consent  of  the  pre- 
vious beneficiary. 

Government  policies  are  incontestable  from 
date  of  issue,  except  for  nonpayment  ol  pre- 
miums, and  are  issued  free  of  restrictions  as  to 
travel,  residence,  occupation,  or  military  or 
naval  service. 

Premiums  due  on  the  first  of  the  month  are 
not  overdue  until  the  end  of  that  month, 
thirty-one  days  of  grace  being  provided.  If 
premiums  are  not  paid  before  the  expiration 
of  this  thirty-one  days  of  grace,  the  insurance 
has  lapsed— the  service  man  has  ceased  to  be 
insured. 

Government  term  insurance  may  be  rein- 
stated at  any  time  within  eighteen  months 


264 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


MONTHLY  PREMIUM  RATES  PER  $1000  ON 
UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  INSUR- 
ANCE POLICIES. 


16.  '   $1.06  $1.66  $1.32  $3.29  $2.04  $1.29  $0.63 


17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 


1.08  1.68  1.34  3.30  2.04  1.32 
1.10  1.71  1.36  3.30  2.05  1.36 
1.12  1.73  1.38  3.30  2.05  1.40 

1.15  1.76  1.40  3.31  2.06  1.44 
1.17  1.79  1.43  3.31  2.06  1.48 
1.20  1.82  1.45  3.31  2.07  1.53 
1.23  1.85  1.48  3.32  2.07  1.58 
1.26  1.88  1.51  3.32  2.08  1.63 
1.29  1.91  1.53  3.33  2.09  1.68 
1.32  1.95  1.56  3.33  2.10  1.74 
1.35  1.98  1.59  3.34  2.11  1.80 
1.39  2.02  1.62  3.34  2.12  1.87 
1.43  2.06  1.66  3.35  2.13  1.94 
1.47  2.10  1.69  3.36  2.15  2.01 
1.51  2.14  1.73  3.37  2.16  2.09 
1.55  2.19  1.77  3.38  2.18  2.18 
1.60  2.23  1.81  3.39  2.20  2.27 
1.65  2.28  1.85  3.40  2.22  2.37 
1.70  2.33  1.90  3.41  2.24  2.48 
1.76  2.38  1.95  3.43  2.27  2.60 
1.81  2.44  2.00  3.44  2.30  2.72 
1.88  2.50  2.05  3.46  2.33  2.86 
1.94  2.56  2.11  3.48  2.36  3.01 
2.01  2.62  2.17  3.51  2.41  3.18 

2.09  2.69  2.23  3.53  2.45  3.36 

2.16  2.76  2.30  3.56  2.50  3.56 
2.25  2.83  2.38  3.60  2.55  3.79 
2.34  2.91  2.46  3.63  2.62  4.04 
2.43  2.99  2.54  3.68  2.68  4.31 
2.53  3.08  2.64  3.72  2.76  4.63 
2.64  3.18  2.73  3.78  2.84  4.98 


.64 
.64 
.65 
.65 
.65 
.66 
.66 
.67 
.67 
.68 
.69 
.69 
.70 
.71 
.72 
.73 
.74 
.75 
.76 
.77 
.79 
.81 
.82 
.84 
.87 
.89 
.92 
.95 
J99 


2.76    3.28    2.84    3.84    2.93    5.39    1.03 


ANNUAL  PREMIUM  RATES  PER  $1000  ON 
THE  NEW  GOVERNMENT  POLICIES. 


s 


Co  rt  ai  rt  oi 

i3  Is  Is 

16.  812.52  $19.61  $15.59  $38.86  $24.10  $15.24 

17.  12.76  19.85  15.83  38.98  24.10  15.5& 
12.99  20.20  16.07  38.98  24.22  16.07 

13.23  20.44  16.30  38.98  24.22  16.54 

13.58  20.79  16.54  39.10  24.33  17.01 
13.82  21.14  16.89  39.10  24.33  17.48 
14.18  21.50  17.13  39.10  24.45  18.07 
14.53  21.85  17.48  39.22  24.45  18.66 
14.88  22.21  17.84  39.22  24.57  19.25 

15.24  22.56  18.07  39.34  24.69  19.85 

15.59  23.04  18.43  39.34  24.81  20.55 


.  .  . 

27.  15.95    23.39    18.78    39.45  24.93  21.26 

28.  16.42    23.86    19.14    39.45  25.04  22.0» 
9. 


.  .  .  .  . 

16.89    24.33     19.61     39.57    25.16    22.92 


30.  17.36  24.81  19.96  39.69  25.40  23.74 

31.  17.84  25.28  20.44  39.81  25.52  24.69- 

32.  18.31  25.87  20.91  39.93  25.75  25.75 

33.  18.90  26.34  21.38  40.05  25.99  26.83 

34.  19.49  26.93  21.85  40.16  26.22  28.0O 

35.  20.08  27.52  22.44  40.28  26.46  29.3O 

36.  20.79  28.11  23.04  40.52  26.82  30.71 

37.  21.38  28.82  23.63  40.64  27.17  32.13 

38.  22.33  29.53  24.22  40.87  27.52  33.78 

39.  22.92  30.24  24.93  41.11  27.88  35.56 

40.  23.74  30.95  25.63  41.46  28.47  37.56 

41.  24.69  31.78  26.34  41.70  28.94  39.69 

42.  25.52  32.60  27.17  42.05  29.53  42.05 

43.  26.58  33.43  28.11  42.53  80.12  44.77 

44.  27.64  34.38  29.06  42.88  30.95  47.72 

45.  28.71  35.32  30.00  43.47  31.66  50.91 

46.  29.89  36.38  31.19  43.94  32.60  54.69 

47.  31.19  37.56  32.25  44.65  33.55  58.83 


after  discharge,  or  twelve  months  after  lapsa- 
tion.  To  reinstate  it  is  necessary  to  pay  only 
two  months'  premiums — one  premium  for  the 
month  in  which  the  government  carried  the 
insurance  without  pay  and  one  for  the  month 
in  which  application  for  reinstatement  is  made. 
The  stipulation  is  made  the  insured  must  be 
in  as  good  health  as  at  date  of  discharge  or 
expiration  of  grace  period,  whichever  is  later 
date. 

A  service  man  who  has  allowed  his  insur- 
ance to  lapse  and  who  desires  to  reinstate, 
should  fill  out  the  following-  form  and  mail 
it  with  check  or  money  order  for  two  months 
premiums,  made  payable  to  the  treasurer  of 
the  United  States.  The  envelope  containing1 
this  form  and  check,  or  money  order,  should 
be  addressed  to  The  Bureau  of  War  Risk  In- 
surance. R.  G.  Cholmeley-Jones,  Director.  In- 
surance Division.  Treasury  Department,  Wash- 
ington. D.  C. 

APPLICATION  FOR  REINSTATEMENT  OF 
WAR  RISK  YEARLY  RENEWABLE  7N- 
SURANCE. 

Certificate  No Date   19.... 

My  full  name  is 


(First  name.)     (Middle  name.)     (Last  name.) 
I    hereby    apply    for    the    reinstatement    of 

$ insurance  granted  to  me  under 

the  provisions  of  the  war  risk  insurance  act. 
now  lapsed  or  canceled  for  nonpayment  of 
premium,  and  I  do  hereby  certify  that  I  am 
now.  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  be- 
lief, in  as  good  health  as  I  was  at  the  date 
of  my  discharge  or  at  the  expiration  of  the 
grace  period,  whichever  is  the  later  date. 


(Signature  of  applicant.) 


Address    

Date  discharged   

Last  month  for  which  premium  was  paid 

Amount  inclosed  $ 

Witness    

Residence 

Rank  and  organization  of  applicant  at  date  of 
application  for  this  insurance: 

(Rank.)  '  (Organization.) 

Under  the  compensation  clause  of  the  war 
risk  act,  every  man  who  wore  the  fighting 
uniform  of  the  United  States  is  entitled  to 
compensation  and  free  medical  treatment  if. 
due  to  his  military  service,  he  has  suffered 
any  disability  not  the  result  of  his  own  willful 
misconduct. 

This  disability  may  be  due  to  wounds,  acci- 
dent or  illness  which  occurred  during  military 
service.  Disability  may  be  due  to  causes  origi- 
nating previous  to  his  entry  into  service,  but 
latent  at  the  time  of  entry,  which  were  aggra- 
vated or  made  active  by  reason  of  military 
service. 

Also,  disability,  incipient  at  the  time  of  dis- 
charge, may  have  become  apparent  several 
months  later.  In  this  latter  class  of  cases,  the 
service  man  must  undergo  physical  examina- 
tion, if  his  disability  is  the  result  of  military 
service,  within  one  year  after  discharge,  record 
of  this  physical  examination  becoming  the 
basis  of  his  claims  to  compensation.  This  ex- 
amination will  be  given  without  charge  by 
any  United  States  public  health  surgeon.  In 
the  case  of  a  man  who  takes  this  physical 
examination  within  one  year,  and  who  secures 
a  certificate  signed  by  the  director  to  the  effect 
that  the  injured  person  at  the  time  ol  hia 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


265 


discharge  was  suffering1  from  an  injury  likely 
to  result  in  death  or  disability,  compensation 
is  payable  for  death  or  disability  whenever 
occurring,  if  the  proximate  result  of  the  in- 
All  men  who  have  been  discharged  because 
of  disability  and  all  those  whose  disability 
due  to  service  has  developed  since  discharge 
should  apply  at  once  to  the  home-service  sec- 
tion of  the  American  Red  Cross :  to  the  nearest 
district  supervisor  of  the  United  States  public 
health  service:  or  directly  to  the  compensa- 
tion and  claims  division,  bureau  of  war  risk 
insurance.  Washington.  D.  C. 

To    expedite   handling    the   case,    all   letters 
addressed    to    the   bureau    should   contain   the 
following  information: 
Compensation   and   Insurance  Claims  Division 

BUREAU  OF  WAR  RISK  INSURANCE. 
Full    name    


(First  namo.)    (Middle  name.)    (Last  name.) 

1.  Present  address:  

*' City  or*  town*.  * '  *  Street*  and  number'. 


County.        State. 


R.  F.D.  No.  if  any. 


2.  Compensation    Number    

3.  Date     of    Enlistment 

4    Name   of  Army   or   Navy   Organization.... 


e.'Rank'..' «.  Army    Serial 

^Number,  if  in  the  army 

7.  Date   of  discharge  from  service,   or  death 


8.  Date  of  birth 9.  Number   of   Insur- 
ance  Certificate    (if    any) 

10.  Full  name  of  beneficiary 


(First  name'.)*  (Middle  name.)    (Last  name.) 
11.  Address    of   beneficiary 

City  or*  town*.     Street  and  number. 


State. 


R.  F.  D.  if  any. 


County. 

If  there  is  need  of  immediate  medical  at- 
tention the  matter  should  be  taken  up  with 
the  nearest  district  supervisor.  The  districts 
of  the  United  States  public  health  service 
and  the  addresses  of  the  district  supervisors 
are: 

District  <No.  1— Maine.  New  Hampshire.  Ver- 
mont. Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island.  Dis- 
trict supervisor.  U.  S.  public  health  serv- 
ice. 51  Cornhill  street,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
District  No.  2 — Connecticut.  New  York  and 
New  Jersey.  District  supervisor,  U.  S.  pub- 
lic health  service.  Broadway,  New  York 
City. 

District  No.  3— Pennsylvania  and  Delaware. 
District  supervisor,  U.  S.  public  health  serv- 
ice. 410  Chestnut  street.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


District  No.  4— District  of  Columbia.  Mary- 
land. Virginia  and  West  Virginia.  Dis- 
trict supervisor.  U.  S.  public  health  service, 
Washington.  D.  C. 

District  No.  5 — North  Carolina.  South  Caro- 
lina. Tennessee.  Georgia,  and  Florida.  Dis- 
trict supervisor,  U.  S.  public  health  serv- 
ice, 5th  floor,  Chamber  of  Commerce  build- 
ing, Atlanta,  Georgia. 

District  No.  6— Alabama.  Mississippi  and  Lou- 
isiana. District  supervisor.  U.  S.  public 
health  service,  409  Audubon  building-.  New 
Orleans.  La. 

District  No.  7— Indiana.  Ohio  and  Kentucky. 
District  supervisor.  U.  S.  public  health  serv- 
ice. 705  Reave  building.  4th  and  Race  Sts.. 
Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

District  No.  8— Illinois.  Michigan  and  Wis- 
consin. District  supervisor.  U.  S.  public 
health  service.  512  Garland  building.  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

District  No.  9— Nebraska.  Iowa.  Kansas  and 
Missouri.  District  supervisor.  U.  S.  public 
health  service,  160  Syndicate  building-.  St. 
Louis.  Mo. 

District  No.  10— Minnesota.  North  Dakota. 
South  Dakota  and  Montana.  District  su- 
pervisor, U.  S.  public  health  service,  744 
Lowry  building.  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
District  No.  11— Wyoming.  Utah.  Colorado 
and  New  Mexico.  District  supervisor,  U.  S. 
public  health  service.  Mercantile  building. 
Denver.  Colo. 

District  No.  12r-Arizona.  Nevada  and  Cali- 
fornia. District  supervisor.  U.  S.  public 
health  service.  14th  avenue  and  Lake  street. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

District  No.  13 — Washington.  Idaho  and  Ore- 
gon. District  supervisor,  U.  S.  public  health 
service,  Medical  building,  Portland,  Ore. 
District  No.  14— Oklahoma,  Texas  and  Arkan- 
sas. District  supervisor,  U.  S.  public  health 
service.  Houston.  Texas. 

ISLAND  POSSESSIONS. 

Philippine  Islands — Passed  Assistant  Surgeon 
L.  R.  Thompson.  U.  S.  public  health  serv- 
ice. Manila,  P.  I. 

Porto  Rico  and  the  Virgin  Islands— Assistant 
Surgeon  Carl  Michel,  U.  S.  public  health 
serviqe,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

Or  write  directly  to  Compensation  and 
Claims  Division.  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insur- 
ance. R.  G.  Cholmeley-Jones.  Director.  Treas- 
ury department,  Washington.  D.  C. 

An  appropriation  of  89.000.000  was  made 
at  the  last  session  of^  congress  for  the  pur- 
chase, building  and  equipment  of  hospitals 
to  be  owned  by  the  treasury  department.  These 
hospitals  are  operated  by  the  United  Sta-tes 
public  health  service  and  are  intended  pri- 
marily for  the  cure  of  war  risk  patients.  Free 
treatment  will  be  given  in  these  hospitals  and 
compensation  will  be  paid  for  disabilities  re- 
sulting from  military  duty,  no  matter  what 
time  may  elapse  after  separation  from  the 
military  organization. 


WAR  RISK  INSURANCE   STATISTICS. 

SOLDIERS   AND   SAILORS. 
Applications  to  Oct.  31,  1918..  4,099,031  |  Average  amount  applied  for... 

Insurance    applied   for $35,762,516.000  !  Estimated  premium  income — 

Expenditures. 
(To  Oct.  31.  1918.) 
Branch.  "Automatic.         t  Contract. 

Army    $885,600.00 

Navy    233.580.86 

Marine  corps  8,692.16 

Coast     guard     1,928.23 


142,543;i37 


Total. 


$2,474.318.23  $3,359,918.23 

275,652.83  509,233.69 

115,747.79  124,439.95 

1,888.29  3,816.62 


Total     1.129.801.25         2,867,607.14        3.997.408.39 

had  not  applied  for  insurance.     tThe  law  pro- 
vides  for  the  issuance  of  insurance  contracts  to 


•Provision  was  made  to  insure  automatically 
any  person  in  active  service  on  or  after  April 
6.  1917.  who  died  or  became  permanently  dis- 


abled before  Feb.   12,   1918,  even  though  he    ice. 


officers,  enlisted  men  and  nurses  in  active  serv- 


266 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Allotments  and  Allowances. 
(Oct.   31.    1918.) 


The  law  requires  an  enlisted  man  to  allot  a 
certain  amount  of  his  pay  to  certain  classes  of 
dependents.  To  other  classes  of  dependents  he 


may   allot   part   of   his  pay.      To   these   allot- 

Branch. 

Army    

Navy  

Marine  corps 
Coast  guard 

Total     . 


ments  the  government  adds  certain  allowance*. 
determined  by  the  number  of  dependents  and 
the  man's  habitual  contribution  to  them. 


Allotment.  Allowance.  Total.     N 

$110,771,029.52  581,692,342.44  $192,463.  371.96 

15,617.118.13  13,337,467.98  28,954,586.11 

1,227,995.01  1,089,279.43  2.  317,274.44 

640.931.78  632.067.77  1.272.999.66 


.......  .........        128.257,074.44 

SEAMEN'S   SECTION. 
(June  26.  1917.  to  Nov.  15,  1918.) 


96,751,157.62       225.008.232.06 


Polities     (vessels)     4,402 

Individuals    149,365 

Earnings  of  complements 515,165,816.86 

Gross  insurance   5266,629,165.84 

Canceled  insurance  $17,066,530.94 

Net    insurance    5249.562,634.90 

Gross   premiums    5895,186.80 

Return    premiums    583,487.71 

Total  net  premiums  5811,699.09 

Insurance  at   risk 540,811,483.84 


Unearned  premiums 
Losses — Death    

Detention    

Injuries   

Unlocated  beneficiaries 


524,194.17 
5240,746.00 
59,660.00 
521.612-00 
519.800.00 


Beneficiaries,  prisoners  ...... 

Total   paid    ................... 

Due  on  adjusted  claims  ...... 

Unadjusted   claims    .......... 

Total  determined  losses  ..... 

Claims  awaiting-  proof   ...... 

MARINE    SECTION. 
(Sept.  2.  1914.  to  Nov.  15.  1918.) 


58,220.00 
572.219.00 
544,324.00 
8155,475.00 
5272.018.00 
5106,950.00 


Policies    written 


26.203 


. 
Amount  insured   ...............  $1.944.406.127 


Premiums 
Amount    at    risk. 

Losses  paid  

Expenses    


546,389.631 
5151.491.151 

529.774,497 
5152.684 


EUGENE   V.  DEBS   SERVING  PRISON   SENTENCE. 


Eugene  V.  Debs,  four  times  socialist  candi- 
date for  the  presidency  of  the  United  States, 
was  arrested  in  Cleveland,  O..  June  20.  1918. 
by  United  States  Marshal  Charles  W.  Lapp 
and  Deputy  Marshal  Charles  Boehme  as  he 
was  about  to  deliver  a  socialist  address.  The 
arrest  was  made  on  a  federal  warrant  in 
connection  with  Debs'  speech  at  the  socialist 
state  convention  in  Canton.  O..  on  June  16. 
He  was  brought  to  trial  and  on  Sept.  12  was 
found  guilty  by  a  federal  jury.  Of  the  orig- 
inal ten  counts  of  the  indictment  only  four 
remained  when  the  jury  retired  to  consider 
the  evidence.  He  was  found  guilty  of  at- 
tempting to  incite  insubordination,  disloyalty, 
etc.,  in  the  military  and  naval  forces  r  at- 
tempting to  obstruct  recruiting  and  uttering 
language  tending  to  incite,  provoke  and  en- 
courage resistance  to  the  United  States  and 
to  promote  the  cause  of  the  enemy.  The 
count  on  which  he  was  adjudged  innocent 
charged  that  he  opposed  the  cause  of  the 
United  States. 

On  Sept.  14  Debs  was  sentenced  to  ten  years 
in  the  Moundsville  (W.  Va.)  penitentiary  on 
each  of  three  counts  of  the  indictment  by 
Federal  Judge  D.  C.  Westenhaver.  The  sen- 
tences will  run  concurrently.  Motion  for  a 
new  trial  was  overruled  and  an  exception  on 
behalf  of  the  defendant  was  allowed.  A  mo- 
tion for  arrest  of  the  sentence  was  also  over- 
ruled. The  court  admitted  Debs  to  510,000 
bail,  with  permission  to  leave  the  northern 
federal  district  of  Ohio  only  to  go  to  and 
remain  at  his  home. 

The  case  was  carried  to  the  United  States 
Supreme  court,  which  on  March  10,  1919. 
sustained  the  conviction  and  sentence  by  the 
lower  court.  The  constitutionality  of  the 
espionage  act  itself  was  not  passed  upon,  but 
the  members  of  the  court  were  unanimous  in 
holding  the  enlistment  section  valid  and  in 
declaring  that  the  aci  did  not  interfere  with 
the  right  of  free  speech. 

In  a  speech  in  Cleveland,  O..  March  12  Mr. 
Debs  said  that  the  justices  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  court  were  fossils.  "I  am  a 
bolshevist."  he  declared.  "I  glory  in  the  red 
necktie  and  the  red  flag.  With  every  drop 
of  blood  in  my  veins  I  despise  the  selective 
service  law.  Do  I  respect  it?  No." 


Mr.  Debs  asked  for  a  rehearing1  by  the  Su- 
preme court  on  March  27,  but  his  petition  waB 
denied  March  31.  When  informed  of  the  lact 
Mr.  Debs  said  that  on  May  1  p  series  ol 
strikes  would  begin  and  that  the  miners  in 
Indiana,  his  own  state,  would  dig  no  more 
coal  until  he  was  released  from  the  peniten- 
tiary. The  strikes,  however,  did  not  occur. 
Mr.  Debs  began  serving  his  sentence  in  the 
West  Virginia  penitentiary  at  Moundsville, 
April  13.  Just  before  entering  his  cell  he 
issued  a  statement  to  the  socialists  of  Amer- 
ica in  which  he  said  among  other  things: 

"These  are  pregnant  days  and  promising- 
ones.  We  are  all  on  the  threshold  of  tremen- 
dous changes.  The  workers  of  the  world  are 
awakening  and  bestirring  themselves  as  never 
before.  All  the  forces  that  are  playing  upon 
the  modern  world  are  making  for  the  over- 
throw of  despotism  in  all  its  forms  and  for 
the  emancipation  of  the  masses  of  mankind. 
I  shall  be  in  prison  in  the  days  to  come  but 
my  revolutionary  spirit  will  be  abroad  and  I 
shall  not  be  inactive. 

"I  enter  the  prison  door  a  flaming-  revolu- 
tionist, my  head  unbent,  my  spirit  untamed, 
my  soul  unconquerable." 


THE  PUBLIC   DOMAIN. 

Acreage  of  unreserved  and  unappropriated 
lands  remaining  in  the  public  domain  of  the 
United  States  in  1918.  Of  the  total  80.216.925 
acres  are  unsurveyed. 

State.  Acres. 

Nebraska.  108.556 
Nevada  .  55,082,200 
New  Mex..  19.115.554 
N.  Dakota  116,138 
Oklahoma.  31. "£15 

Oregon  ..  14.325.591 
S.  Dakota  837,226 

Utah    31.475.919 

Wash.  ...  1.259,983 
Wisconsin.  6.146 

Wyoming.     25,434,194 


State. 
Alabama  . 
Arizona    . 
Arkansas  . 
California 
Colorado  . 
Florida    . 
Idaho    ... 
Kansas... 
Louisiana 
Miss.     ... 
Michigan. 
Minnesota 
Missouri   . 
Montana    . 

Acres. 
35.220 
21.256,010 
288.476 
20,529.034 
10.271,955 
114.  7C6 
13,322.716 
5,275 
45.559 
42.064 
72.829 
469,973 
147 
8.201.019 

Total.... 222.448,225 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


26T 


PRESIDENT  WILSON  IN  EUROPE. 

[Details  of  President  Wilson's  work  at  the    be    won    in    such 
peace    conference    in   Paris    are  given    in   con- 
nection with  the  account  of  the  German  treaty 
negro  tiationfi.] 

It    was    officially    announced    at    the    white 
house    in   Washington    Nov.    18.    1918.    just    a 


week  after  the  armistice  in  the  world  war  was 
signed,  that  President  Wilson  would  go  to 
France  immediately  after  the  opening  of  the 
regular  session  of  congress  in  December  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  part  in  the  discussion 
and  settlement  of  the  main  features  of  the 
treaty  of  peace.  On  the  evening  of  Nov. 
29  it  was  further  announced  that  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States  at  the  peace 
conference  would  be  President  Woodrpw  Wil- 
eon.  Secretary  of  State  Robert  Lansing.  Ed- 
ward M.  House,  Henry  White  and  Gen.  Tasker 
H.  Bliss. 

On  the  afternoon  of  Dec.  2  the  president  ap- 
peared before  a  joint  session  of  congress  and 
delivered  his  annual  message,  in  which  he 
gave  his  reasons  for  attending  the  peace  con- 
ference in  person.  He  said  that  he  considered 
it  his  paramount  duty  to  go  and  that  he 
realized  the  magnitude  and  difficulty  of  the 
task  he  was  undertaking1. 

"I  am  the  servant  of  the  nation,"  he  said. 
"I  can  have  no  private  thought  or  purpose  of 
my  own  in  performing1  such  an  errand.  I  go 
to  give  the  best  that  is  in  me  to  the  common 
settlements  which  I  must  now  assist  in  ar- 
riving at  in  conference  with  the  other  work- 
ing heads  of  the  associated  governments.  I 
shall  make  my  absence  as  brief  as  possible 
and  shall  hope  to  return  with  the  happy  as- 
surance that  it  has  been  possible  to  translate 
into  action  the  great  ideals  for  which  Amer- 
ca  has  striven." 

President  Wilson,  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Wil- 
son, the  other  delegates  to  the  peace  confer- 
ence with  the  exception  of  Gen.  Bliss,  who  was 
already  in  Prance,  and  with  a  large  number  of 
specialists  in  international  matters,  sailed  on 
the  transport  George  Washington  from  Ho- 
boken.  N.  J.,  Dec.  4.  The  voyage  was  un- 
eventful and  the  party  arrived  at  Brest. 
France,  on  Dec.  13  after  having-  been  met  by 
a  special  escort  of  American  warships  and 
escorted  into  the  harbor.  The  'George  Wash- 
ington was  accompanied  all  the  way  across 
by  the  battleship  Pennsylvania,  flying  the  flag" 
of  Admiral  Henry  T.  Mayo,  and  by  the  de- 
stroyers Wickes,  Woolsey,  Tarbell  and  Yarnell. 
After  brief  welcoming  ceremonies  at  Brest  the 
president  and  the  members  of  his  party  board- 
ed a  special  train  which  brought  them  to  the 
Bois  de  Boulogne  station  in  Paris  on  Satur- 
day morning.  Dec.  14.  President  Wilson  was 
greeted  warmly  by  President  Poincare  and 
Mme.  Poincare,  Premier  Clemenceau.  Andre 
Tardieu  and  other  hierh  French  officials.  He 
was  then  conducted  to  the  residence  selected 
for  him.  that  of  Prince  Murat.  in  the  Pare 
Monceau. 

Officially   Welcomed. 

Later  in  the  day  President  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
attended  a  luncheon  given  in  their  honor  by 
President  Poincare.  In  his  speech  of  wel- 
come the  head  of  the  French  republic  said 
that  Paris  and  France  had  awaited  him  with 
impatience  eager  to  offer  thanks,  in  his  p^r- 
scn.  to  the  great  republic  for  the  invaluable 
help  which  had  be^n  given  spontaneously  to 
the  defenders  of  ricrht  and  liberty.  M.  Poin- 
care praised  the  American  soldiers,  comparing- 
their  enthusiasm  with  that  of  crusade^ 
ing  for  the  holy  land.  Responding,  President 
Wilson  said  among  other  things: 

"From  the  first  the  thought  of  the  people 
of  the  United  States  turned  to  something- 
more  than  the  mere  winning  of  the  war.  It 
turned  to  the  establishment  of  eternal  prin- 
ciples of  right  and  justice.  It  realized  that 


way    and   the    questions 

raised  by   it   settled  in  such   a  way  as  to  in- 
sure the   future  peace  of   the   world   and  lajr 
the  foundation  for  the  freedom  and  happiness 
of  its  many  peoples  and  nations." 
On  the  day  of  his  arrival  in  Paris  he  received 


a  delegation  of  socialists,  who  presented  him 
with  an  address.  In  his  reply  he  referred  to 
the  formation  of  a  league  of  nations  as  the 
only  means  of  preventing  a  repetition  of  the 
wrongs  committed  in  the  world  war.  The  day 
before  his  arrival  the  municipal  council  of 
Paris  revived  an  old  custom  and  conferred 
upon  President  Wilson  the  title  of  "citizen  of 
Paris." 

On  Sunday.  Dec.  15,  President  Wilson  drove 
to  the  Picpus  cemetery  and  laid  a  wreath  on 
the  tomb  of  Lafayette.  Attached  to  the  wreath 
was  the  president's  personal  card,  bearing-  the 
inscription:  "In  memory  of  the  great  Lafay- 
ette. from  a  fellow  servant  of  liberty." 

Monday  afternoon.  Dec.  16,  a  luncheon  wa» 
given  in  honor  of  President  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
in  the  city  hall,  at  which  addresses  were  made 
by  Adrien  Mithouard.  president  of  the  mu- 
nicipal council  of  Paris:  M.  Autrand.  prefect 
of  the  Seine,  and  President  Wilson.  In  the 
course  of  the  ceremonies  a  representative  of 
the  council  presented  to  President  Wilson  the 
great  gold  medal  of  the  city  of  Paris  and  to 
Mrs.  Wilson  a  diamond  brooch. 

On  the  evening  of  Dec.  17  President  Wilson 
attended  a  dinner  given  by  the  American  am- 
bassador. William  G.  Sharp,  in  honor  of  him- 
selt  and  Mrs.  Wilson  and  President  and  Mme. 
Poincare.  He  also  had  conferences  with. 
Marshal  Foch  and  other  men  of  importance. 
among  them  the  Count  di  Cellere,  Italian  am- 
bassador and  high  commissioner  to  the 
United  States,  at  which  the  Italian  claims, 
which  were  later  to  cause  such  a  wide  diver- 
eence  of  views  at  the  peace  conference,  were- 
briefly  discussed.  The  president  also  visited 
for  the  first  time  the  headquarters  of  the 
American  peace  delegation.  It  was  announced 
that  he  would  make  visits  to  Italy  and  Eng- 
land and  later'  Belgium,  brit  that  they  would 
be  of  a  social  rather  than  of  a  political  nature. 

King  Victor  Emmanuel  of  Italy,  accompa- 
nied by  the  prince  of  Piedmont,  heir  to  th« 
Italian  throne,  and  a  small  personal  gnard, 
arrived  in  Paris  on  Dec.  19.  and  after  beimsr 
warmly  welcomed  by  President  Poincar*  and 
other  officials,  called  upon  President  Wilson 
at  the  Murat  mansion  and  officially  invited 
him  and  Mrs.  Wilson  to  be  his  and  Queen 
Helena's  guests  at  the  Quirinal  in  Rome. 

APPRECIATION  BY  MARSHAL  JOFPR.E. 

In  the  course  of  the  day  President  and  Mrs. 
Wilson  attended  the  ceremony  makinBr  Mar- 
shal Joffre  a  memter  of  the  French  Academy. 
In  his  inaugural  speech  as  an  Academician 
Gen.  Joffre  said  in  part:  . 

"It    is    not    without    deep    emotion    that    I 
look  back  upon  the  time  which  I  epent  last 
'  '      people. 


year   in    the 


States.    This    people,    by 


the  intensity  of  its  affection  for  France,  caused 
one  to  sense  the  strength  which  it  somehow 
felt,  but  which  it  did  not  yet  know  how  to 
employ.  It  seemed  that  by  its  great  love  tTvs 
people  felt  itself  already  doing1  something-  noble 
and  comforting1  to  the  alMed  armies.  Itmnde 
no  mistake,  for  that  love  enabled  France 
overwhelmed  by  the  defection  of  th«  Russian 
armies  and  by  the  great  and  weakening  trials 
of  the  spring-  of  1917.  to  keep  intact  its  con- 
fidence and  its  courage. 

"While  in  the  midst  of  the  American  crowds 
I  was  living  hours  which  I  number  among- 
the  sweetest  of  my  life.  I  had  divined  the 
need  for  sacrifices  on  their  part  awakened  in 
the  soul  of  this  generous  people  by  the  hero- 
ism of  our  soldiers  and  the  justice  of  our 
cause.  In  order  that  France  might  live  in 


to  win  the  war  was  not  enough:  that  it  must  ;  prosperity,   that     Belgium     might   re-establish 


368 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


"herself,  that  liberty  might  reign  and  that 
right  might  be  reinstated.  America  arose  ana 
resolved  to  throw  into  the  furlit  her  last  man 
and  her  last  dollar. 

"History  does  not  record  a  more  marvelous 
achievement  than  that  of  millions  of  men 
Toluntarily  breaking  away  from  their  peaceful 
pursuits  to  cross  the  seas,  where  lurked  death: 
to  oome  thousands  of  miles  from  their  coun- 
try and  give  up  their  lives  for  a  noble  cause. 
a  great  ideal.  And  as  if  the  sacrifice  was  not 
completed  by  sending1  the  husbands  and  sons, 
we  have  seen  the  wives,  the  fathers  and  the 
mothers  escorting'  across  the  seas  that  pha- 
lanx of  warriors  to  alleviate  our  sufferings 
and  dresa  our  wounds.  We  have  seen  them 
unsparingly  giving1  their  gold  and  the  treas- 
ures of  their  hearts,  kneeling  on  the  graves 
of  our  sons  and  adopting  our  orphans. 

"In  a  brotherly  embrace  France  and  Amer- 
ica have  given  one  another  their  faith,  a 
pledge  for  the  present  and  the  future." 

ADDRESS  AT  THE  SORBONNE. 

President  Wilson  on  Dec.  20  received  Pre- 
mier Orlando  and  Foreign  Minister  Sonnino  of 
Italy  at  the  Murat  mansion  and  later  re- 
turned the  call  made  by  King  Victor  Em- 
manueL  with  whom  he  had  a  cordial  inter- 
view of  three-auarters  of  an  hour.  On  the 
afternoon  of  the  following  day.  in  the  amphi- 
theater of  the  University  of  Paris  (the  Sor- 
bonne).  he  received  the  degree  of  doctor, 
honoris  causa,  in  recognition  of  his  work  as 
a  jurist  and  historian.  President  Poincare. 
the  .presidents  of  the  senate  and  chamber  of 
deputies,  the  diplomatic  corps,  members  of  the 
government  and  the  highest  civil  and  military 
authorities  were  present.  Alfred  Croiset.  dean 
of  the  faculty  of  letters,  welcomed  the  presi- 
dent and  presented  to  him  the  diploma  of  a 
doctor  as  a  testimonial  to  his  work  as  a  his- 
torian, and  then  Ferdinand  Larnaude.  dean  of 
the  faenlty  of  law.  bestowed  upon  him  the 
degree  of  doctor  for  his  works  on  jurispru- 
dence and  political  science.  Lucien  Poincare. 
vice-rector  of  the  university,  paid  a  tribute  to 
Mr.  Wilson's  ability  as  a  professor  and  told 
of  his  work  in  the  war.  In  acknowledging- 
the  honor  conferred  upon  him  President  Wil- 
son said: 

"I  feel  very  keenly  the  distinguished  honor 
which  has  been  conferred  upon  me  by  the 
great  University  of  Paris,  and  it  is  very  de- 
lightful to  me  also  to  have  the  honor  of  be- 
ing inducted  into  the  great  company  of  schpl- 
ars  whose  life  and  fame  have  made  the  his- 
tory of  the  University  of  Paris  a  thing  ad- 
mirable among  men  of  cultivation  in  all  parts 
of  the  world. 

"By  what  you  have  said,  sir.  of  the  theory 
of  education  which  has  been  followed  in*~ 
France  and  which  I  have  tried  to  promote  in 
the  United  States  I  am  tempted  to  venture 
upon  a  favorite  theme.  I  have  always  thought 
that  the  chief  object  of  education  was  to 
awaken  the  spirit,  and  that,  inasmuch  as  a 
literature  whenever  it  has  touched  its  great 
and  higher  notes  was  an  expression  of  the 
spirit  of  mankind,  the  best  induction  into  edu- 
cation was  to  feel  the  pulses  of  humanity 
which  had  beaten  from  age  to  age  through 
the  universities  of  men  who  had  penetrated 
to  the  secrets  of  the  human  spirit. 

"And  I  agree  with  the  intimation  which  has 
been  conveyed  to-day  that  the  terrible  war 
through  which  we  have  just  passed  has  not 
been  only  a  war  between  nations,  but  that  it 
has  been  also  a  war  between  systems  of  cul- 
ture — the  one  system  the  aggressive  system, 
using  science  without  conscience,  stripping 
learning  of  its  moral  restraints  and  using- 
every  faculty  of  the  human  mind  to  do  wrong 
to  the  whole  race:  the  other  system  reminis- 
•cent  of  the  high  traditions  of  men.  reminiscent 
<xf  all  these  struggles,  some  of  them  obscure. 


but  others  clearly  revealed  in  history  of  men 
of  indomitable  spirit  everywhere  struggling 
toward  the  right  and  seeking  above  all  iSnJI 

6lS6    tO     D6    irB^. 

•i/T^t  triumph  of  freedom  in  this  -war  means 
that  that  spirit  shall  now  dominate  the  world 
There  is  a  great  wave  of  moral  force  moving 
through  the  world  and  every  man  who  op- 
to  that  wave  will  go  down  in 


The  task  of  those  who  are  gathered  here 
or  will  presently  be  gathered  here  to  make 

ir«  £et{!em£nt9P  °!  J£is  peace  is  ^eatly  sim- 
plified by  th«  fact  that  they  are  the  masters 
of  no  one:  they  are  the  servants  of  mankind 
And  if  we  do  not  heed  the  mandates  of  man- 
kind we  shall  make  ourselves  the  most  con- 
spicuous and  deserved  failures  in  the  history 
ol  tna  world. 

•  "MT>,?0n^'p*i0-11?  <£  Jhe  lea^e  of  nations  is 
just  this—  that  it  shall  operate  as  the  organ- 
ized moral  force  of  men  throughout  the  world 
and  that  whenever  or  wherever  wrong  and 

«Jf£v^10,n  r31^  Pl«  nned  or  contemplated  this 
searching  light  of  conscience  will  be  turned 
upon  them  and  men  everywhere  will  ash? 
What  are  the  purposes  that  you  hold  in  your 
heart  against  the  fortunes  of  the  world?' 

Just  a  little  exposure  will  settle  most  ques- 
tions. If  the  central  powers  had  dared  to  dis- 
cuss the  purposes  of  this  war  for  a  single 
fortnight  it  .never  would  have  happened:  and 
if.  as  should  be.  they  were  forced  to  discuss 

conceivable6*1"'  ^  W31>  W°Uld  haV6  been  ln' 
"So  I  feel  that  war  is.  as  has  been  said 
more  than  once  to-day,  intimately  related  with 
the  university  spirit.  The  university  spirit  is 
intolerant  of  all  the  thing's  that  put  the  hu- 
man mind  under  restraint.  It  is  intolerant  of 
everything  that  seeks  to  retard  the  advance- 
«;«nt  0Vd4?ls<  the  acceptance  of  the  truth. 
the  purification  of  life;  and  every  univereitv 
man  can  ally  himself  with  the  forcS?  of  th? 


nnit  ?£i?t-*0'Jlprile  that  I  venture 
.aa.n-  it  is  that  it  has  been  my  private 
privilege  in  some  measure  to  interpret  the 
university  spirit  in  the  pubic  life  of  a  great 
nation,  and  I  feel  that  in  honoring  me  to-day 
thia  unusual  and  conspicuous  manner  you 
have  first  of  all  honored  the  people  whom  I 
represent.  The  spirit  that  I  try  to  express  I 
know  to  be  their  spirit,  and  in  proportion  as 

the 


. 

*L  before-  wish  to  thank  you.  sir,  from 
the  bottom  .of  my  heart  for  a  distinction  which 
nag  in  a  singular  way  crowned  my  academic 


, 

VISITS  TO  HOSPITALS. 
More  than  four  hours  were  devoted  oy 
President  Wilson  on  Dec.  22  to  a  visit  to 
the  Red  Cross  hospital  at  Neuilly  aParif 
SU-^r^'  o™16^116  8hook  hands  and  talked 
with  1.200  badly  wounded  Americans,  chief- 
ly from  the  battles  of  the  Chateau  Thierrr 
region.  He  entered  every  ward  and  -stopped 
at  every  bedside.  Later  he  visited  the  French 
hospital  at  Val  de  Grace.  Notwithstanding- 
the.  cheerfulness  of  the  patients  and  the  earl 
which  they  were  receiving,  the  president  wit- 
nessed many  affecting  scenes  in  the  wards  and 
looked  tired  and  worn  when  the  visit  was 
over. 

SPEECH  TO  AMERICAN  ARMY. 
On  Christmas  day.  Dec.  25.  1918,  President 
Wilson  visited  the  headquarters  of  the  Amer- 
ican expeditionary  force  in  Chaumont.  France. 
and  in  the  course  of  the  day  reviewed  a  large 
number  of  trooi.s  near  the  village  of  Humes. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


Introducing-  the  president  to  the  soldiers.  Gen. 

e"Mr.n  President  and  Fellow  Soldiers:  We  are 
gathered  here  to-day  to  do  honor  to  the  com- 
mander  of  our  armies  and  navies.  For  the 
first  time  an  American  president  will  review 
an  American  army  on  foreign  soil—  the  soil 
of  a  sister  republic  beside  whose  gallant 
troops  we  have  fought  to  restore  peace  to 

"Speaking  for  you  and  your  comrades,  I  am 
proud  to  declare  to  the  president  that  .  no 
army  has  ever  more  loyally  or  more  effective- 
ly served  ita  country,  and  none  has  ever 
fought  in  a  nobler  cause. 

'•You  Mr.  President,  by  your  confidence  and 
by  your  support,  have  made  the  success  9f 
our  army  and  to  you.  as  our  commander  in 
chief,  may  I  now  present  the  nation's  vic- 
torious army?" 


SSLJ.'SS 

oeive  from   those  at  home  who  love  you 


your  duty  and  you  have  done  it  with  a  spirit 


which  gave  it  distinction  and  glory. 

"  now    we    are    to    hail    the    fruits 

You  conquered,   when  you   came 


And 


Te?  whl{  you  "caS?  tor.  and  you  fii«  done 
what  it  wM-ggJt-  '- .^/.''ine'a'yn 
from  one  of  the  countries  with 
e  are  associated  was  discussing  with 
mp  me  moral  aspects  of  this  war  and  I 
Sid  that  if  we  did  not  insist  upon  the  high 
purpose  which  we  have  accomplished  the  end 

*v^&£!?$S£  i.  pTdfVouff^ 

has   followed   every   movement    of    this   ffreat 


other  army,  "because  our  country  is  like  U-. 
country?  we  have  been  so  proud  of  the  stand 
taken,  of  the  purpose  for  which  this  war 
was  entered  by  the  United  States. 

"You  knew  what  we  expected  of  you  and 
you  did  it  I  know  what  you  and  the  people 
at  home  expected  of  me:  and  I  am  happy -to 
say  my  fellow  countrymen,  that  I  do  not  fin 
in  the  hearts  of  the  great  leaders  with  whom 
it  is  my  privilege  now  to  co-operate  any  dif 
ference  of  Principle  or  of  fundamental  pur 


P°ItS'  happened  that 


lormal  speech  like  this,  to  show  you  my  real 
eart.     You  men  probably  do  not  realize  with 
what  anxious  attention  and  care  we  have  fol- 
owed  every  ftep  you  have  advanced  and  how 
roud    we    are    that    every    step    was    in    ad- 
vance and  not  in  retreat:  that  every  time  you 
et  your  face  in  any  direction  you  kept  your 
ace  in  that  direction. 

"A  thrill  has  gone  through  my  heart  as  it 

has  gone  through   the  heart   of  every   Ameri- 

an,  with  almost  every  gun  that  was  fired  and 

very    stroke   that    was   struck   in   the   gallant 

tenting    that   you   have   done,    and    there   has 

been  only  one  regret  in  America,  and  that  was 

he  regret  that  every  man  there  felt  that  he 

was  not   over  there  in  France,   too. 

'It  has  been  a  hard  thing  to  perform  the 
asks  in  the  United  States:  it  ha*  been  a 
hard  thing  to  take  part  in  directing  what  you 
did  without  coming  over  and  helping  you  to 
do  it.  It  has  taken  a  lot  of  moral  courage  to 
stay  at  home. 

"But  we  were  proud  to  back  you  up  every- 
where that  it  was  possible  to  back  you  up. 
Ar-d  new  I  am  happy  to  find  what  splendid 
names  you  have  made  for  yourselves  among  the 
civilian  population  of  France  as  well  as  among 
your  comrades  in  the  armies  of  the  French, 
and  it  is  a  fine  testimony  tb  you  men  that 
these  people  like  you  and  love  you  and  trust 
you.  and  the  finest  part  of  it  all  is  that  you 
deserve  their  trust. 

"I  feel  a  comradeship  with  you  to-day  which 
is  delightful,  as  I  look  down  upon  these  un- 
disturbed fields  and  think  of  the  terrible 
scenes  through  which  you  have  gone  and  re- 
alize how  the  quiet  of  peace,  the  tranquillity" 
of  settled  hopes  has  descended  upon  us.  And. 
while  it  is  hard  far  away  from  home  con- 
fidently to  bid  you  a  merry  Christmas.  I  can. 
I  think,  confidently  promise  you  a  happy  New 
Year,  and  I  can  from  the  bottom  of  my  heart 
say  God  bless  you." 

Address  in   Chaumont. 

In  response  to  an  address  presented  at  the 
Hotel  de  Ville  in  Chaumont  President  Wilson 
said: 

"I  feel  that  I  have  been  peculiarly  honored 
in  the  generous  reception  you  have  given  me. 
and  it  is  the  more  delightful  because  it  so 
obviously  comes  from  the  heart.  And  I  can- 
not but  believe  that  it  is  an  instinctive  re- 
sponse to  the  feeling  that  is  in  my  own 
breast  because  I  think  that  even  you,  who  feel 
contact  with  our  soldiers,  cannot  but  realize 
the  depth  and  sincerity  of  the  feeling-  of  the 
United  States  for  France. 

'•Jt  i?  an  ancient  friendship,  but  it  has  been 
renewed  and  has  taken  on  a  new  youth.  It 


it   was  the  privilege   o 

Americ'a"To""prcsent'the  chart   for  peace,    and 
no^  the  process  of  settlement  has  been  mad 
comparatively  simple  by  the  fact  that  all  th 
nations    concerned   have    accepted    that    chart 
and    the    application    of    these    principles    lam 
down  there  will  be  their  application. 

"The  world  will  now  know  that  the  nations 
that  fought  this  war,  as  well  as  the  soldiers 
who  represented  them,  are  ready  to  make  good 
make  good  not  only  in  the  assertion  of  their 
own  interests,  but  make  good  in  the  establish- 
ment of  peace  upon  the  permanent  foundation 
of  right  and  of  justice. 

"Because  this  is  not  a  war  in  which  the 
soldiers  of  the  free  nations  have  obeyed  mas- 
ters You  hove  commanders,  but  you  have 
no  masters.  Your  very  commanders  represent 
you  in  representing  the  nation,  of  which  you 
constitute  so  distinguished  a  part. 

"And  everybody  concerned  in  the  settle- 
ment knows  that  it  must  be  a  people  s  peace 
and  that  nothing  must  be  done  in  the  settle- 
ment of  the  issues  of  the  war  which  is  not  as 
handsome  as  the  great  achievements  of  the 
armies  of  the  United  Stales  and  the  allies. 

"It    is    difficult,    very   difficult,    men.    in    any 


is    not    only    tentative, 
i   communion    of   prin- 


is  a  friendship  which 
but  one  based  upon  ; 
ciplc. 

"You  have  spoken  generously  and  beauti- 
fully of  the  relations  which  have  sprung  up 
between  yourselves  and  our  soldiers.  That  is 
because  they  came  not  only  to  associate  them- 
selves with  you  as  the  champions  of  liberty 
but  they  came  with  personal  affections  in  their 
hearts  for  the  people  of  France,  and  it  must 
have  been  that  which  you  realized. 

"They  did  not  come  as  strangers  in  their- 
thoughts.  Th°y  brought  with  them  something 
that  made  them  feel  at  home  the  moment 
they  were  at  Havre  or  at  Brest  in  France 

"So  I  am  very  much  moved  by  being  thus 
drawn,  as  they  have  been,  into  your  midst 
and  into  your  conferences  and  wish  to  thank 
you  very  warmly  for  them  and  the  people  of 
the  United  States.  I.  like  them,  shall  carry 
away  with  me  the  most  delierhtful  recollec- 
tions and  in  my  heart  shall  always  say  as  I 
now  say.  'Vive  la  France.'  " 

VISIT  TO  ENGLAND. 
At  Dover. 

After  taking  their  Christmas  dinner  at 
Montigny-le-Roy  and  visiting  a  number  of  sol- 


370 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


diera  in  their  billets.  President  and  Mrs.  Wil- 
£0n  left  Chaumont  on  a  special  train  for  Ca- 
lais, arriving-  there  on  the  morning-  of  Dec. 
26.  They  were  met  by  Vice-Admiral  Sir  Roger 
Keyes,  commander  of  the  British  Dover  pa- 
trol, who  escorted  them  aboard  the  hospital 
ship  Brighton.  In  crossing-  the  strait  the 
Brighton  was  escorted  by  British  and  French 
destroyers  and  a  British  cruiser  on  the  water 
and  by  numerous  airplanes  flying  above  it.  At 
Dover  President  Wilson  was  met  by  the  duke 
of  Connaught,  who  welcomed  him  in  the  name 
of  the  king,  by  Baron  Reading  and  other 
-dignitaries,  and  children  strewed  flowers  be- 
fore the  party.  At  the  pier  the  mayor  of  the 
city  made  an  address  of  welcome  to  which 
President  Wilson  responded  as  follows: 

"Mr.  Mayor,  you  have  certainly  extended  to 
me  and  to  those  who  are  accompanying  me  a 
very  cordial  and  gracious  hand  of  welcome, 

"Even  the  sea  was  kind  to  us  this  morning 
and  gave  us  a  very  pleasant  passage,  so  that 
it  tallied  perfectly  with  our  expectati9ns  of 
the  pleasure  we  should  have  in  landing  in 
England. 

"We  have  gone  through  many  serious  times 
together,  and,  therefore,  we  can  regard  each 
other  in  a  new  light  as  comrades  and  associ- 
ates, because  nothing  brings  men  together  like 
a  common  understanding  and  a  common  pur- 
pose. I  think  that  in  spite  of  all  the  terri 
ble  sufferings  and  sacrifices  of  this  war  we 
shall  some  day.  in  looking  back  upon  them, 
realize  that  they  were  worth  while,  not  only 
because  of  the  security  they  gave  the  world 
against  unjust  aggression,  but  also  because  of 
the  understanding  they  established  between 
«reat  nations  which  ought  to  act  with  each 
other. 

"It  is.  therefore,  with  emotions  of  peculiar 
gratification  that  I  find  myself  here.  It  af- 
fords the  opportunity  to  match  my  mind 
with  the  minds  of  those  who.  with  a  like  in- 
tention, are  purposing  to  do  the  best  that 
•can  be  done  in  the  great  settlements  of  the 
struggla 

"I  thank  you  very  warmly,  gentlemen,  for 
your  greeting,  and  -  beg  to  extend  to  you  in 
the  name  of  my  countrymen  the  most  cor- 
dial greetings." 

Reception  in  London. 

When  the  ceremonies  at  Dover  were  con- 
cluded the  presidential  party,  accompanied  by 
Lord  HerschelL  lord  in  waiting  to  the  king, 
and  Commander  Sir  Charles  Cust,  equerry  to 
the  king,  who  were  specially  attached  to  the 
president,  traveled  by  special  train  to  London, 
where  it  arrived  in  the  Charing  Cross  station 
at  2:30  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  The  station 
had  been  specially  decorated  for  the  occasion 
with  flags,  green  leaves  and  dark  red  curtains, 
while  the  pl-jtform  tvt  which  the  train  drew 
up  was  covered  with  red  matting.  Among  those 
assembled  to  greet  the  American  president 
were  the  kin?  and  queen.  Princess  Mary, 
Prime  Minister  Lloyd  George,  Bonar  Law,  Lord 
Onrzon.  Walter  Long.  Lord  Robert  Cecil.  Gen. 
Sir  William  Robertson.  Admiral  Sir  Rosslyn 
Weymss  and  many  other  dignitaries  of  the 
empire.  King  George  was  in  the  uniform  of  a 
field  marshal. 

"Punctually  at  half  past  2."  said  the  Lon- 
don Times  in  describing  the  historic  event, 
"the  president's  special  train  arrived.  A  tiny 
silken  stars  and  stripes  fluttered  from  the 
front  of  the  engine.  There  was  a  moment  of 
lieen  expectation  when  the  train  was  brought 
to  a  standstill.  Then  as  the  president  stepped 
from  his  saloon  the  band  broke  the  silence 
with  'The  Star  Spangled  Banner.'  Officers 
stood  rigid  and  civilians  bared  their  heads  un- 
til the  last  note  had  sounded.  The  king-  and 
<jueen  greeted  the  president  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
with  great  cordiality.  The  duke  of  Connaught 
and  the  members  of  the  president's  suite 


swelled  the  ETOUP  on  the  platform.  Presently 
the  band  began  Sousa's  'Stars  and  Stripes' 
and  the  king  and  president,  attended  by  the 
officers  of  their  suites,  walked  across  the  plat- 
form to  inspect  the  guard  of  honor.  The  presi- 
dent, walking  beside  the  king,  chatted  with 
animation  as  they  went  down  the  ranks.  His 
eyes  twinkled  merrily  and  his  whole  bearing 
told  of  vigor  and  humor.  The  inspection  over, 
the  president  and  king  rejoined  the  group  of 
ministers  and  officers.  There  were  presenta- 
tions handshakings  and  greetings,  all  delight- 
fully informal. 

"The  president  shook  hands  with  the  prime 
minister  and  a  dozen  members  of  the  govern- 
ment and  seemed  to  have  a  cheery  remark  for 
each.  He  shook  hands  with  the  British  and 
American  officers.  For  at  least  five  minutes  he 
was  shaking  hands  and  all  the  time  he  was 
either  talking  hard  or  smiling.  Mrs.  Wilson, 
who  was  carrying  a  bouquet  of  white  flowers, 
was  also  surrounded  by  a  circle  of  ministers, 
anxious  to  bid  her  welcome  to  London. 

"Up  to  this  point  there  had  been  no  cheer- 
ing. The  president's  welcome  on  the  platform 
had  been  partly  ceremonial — the  guard  of 
honor  determined  that — and  partly  personal, 
for  that  was  the  meaning  of  the  promiscuous 
and  unceremonial  handgrips.  The  popular  wel- 
come was  to  come.  The  king  and  president, 
still  side  by  side,  emerged  from  the  group  in 
the  inclosure  and  took  their  way  up  the  plat- 
form under  the  arch  of  leaves  and  berries, 
across  the  curtained  main  hall  of  the  station 
and  out  into  the  station  yard.  There  five  royal 
carriages  were  waiting.  The  king  and  the  pres- 
ident and  the  duke  of  Connaught  took  then* 
places  in  the  first  and  the  queen.  Mrs.  Wilson 
and  Princess  Mary  in  the  second.  Members  of 
the  king's  and  president's  suites  occupied  the 
remaintpg  carriages.  A  sovereign's  escort  of 
household  cavalry  preceded  and  followed  the 
two  leading  carriages,  each  section  carrying  a 
standard.  As  the  procession  started  on  its  way 
the  crowd  which  choked  the  Strand  on  each 
side  of  the  station  cheered  with  all  its  might, 
rnd,  punctuating  the  continuous  roll  of  cheer- 
ing, there  came  the  clangor  of  church  bells 
and  the  booming1  of  gruns. 

"All  along  the  route— Charing-  Cross.  Duncan- 
non  street.  Trafalgar  square.  Pall  Mall.  St. 
James  street,  Piccadilly  and  Constitution  hill— 
the  road  was  bright  with  flags.  They  flew 
from  Venetian  masts,  from  windows  and  para- 
pets. They  fluttered  from  staves.  They  were 
festooned  from  side  to  side  of  the  streets. 
There  was  every  shape  of  flag-  adopted  by 
mankind  in  its  festivals. 

"A  distant  roar  of  cheers  announced  the  ar- 
rival of  the  procession  in  the  Mall,  in  which 
there  were  immense  crowds.  Queen  Alexandra 
and  Prince  Olaf  camo  outside  the  Marlborough 
house  together.  The  queen  carried  a  small 
union  jack  and  the  stars  and  stripes,  such  as 
thousands  in  the  crowd  held.  Soon  afterward 
the  queen  of  Norway  and  Princess  Victoria 
joined  them.  Occasionally  Queen  Alexandra, 
who  appeared  to  be  in  excellent  spirits,  went 
into  the  road  to  look  for  the  procession.  As  it 
drew  nearer  the  royal  group  the  king  touched 
Mr.  Wilson  on  the  arm  and  drew  his  atten- 
tion to  the  queen  mother.  Mr.  Wilson  turned 
sharply  and  took  a  keen  look  along  the  ave- 
nue of  people  until  he  saw  her.  Then  he 
rose,  waved  his  hat  and  bowed,  the  queen 
responding  by  vigorously  waving  the  Amer- 
ican flagr.  In  a  similar  way  the  queen  drew 
Mrs.  Wilson's  attention  to  Queen  Alexandra 
and  Mrs.  Wilson  waved  her  bouquet  of 
orchids  in  salutation,  her  majesty  smilingly 
returning  the  salutation. 

"The  crowd  was  thicker  nowhere  than  at 
Hyde  Park  corner  and  Constitution  hill  and  the 
cheers  were  correspondingly  enthusiastic.  In 
salute  to  President  Wilson  the  horse  guards 
Dand  played  'The  Star  Spangled  Banner'  and 
then,  as  «,he  queen's  coach  followed,  the  mu- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


271 


sic  changed  to  the  national  anthem.  There  was 
no  break  in  the  outburst  of  enthusiasm  as  the 
procession  made  the  last  stag-es  of  its  journey 
along1  Constitution  hill." 

President  and  Mrs.  Wilson  were  welcomed  by 
a  vast  crowd  which  had  gathered  outside  of 
Buckingham  palace,  at  which  they  were  the 
guests  of  the  king  and  queen  while  in  Lon- 
don. In  response  to  loud  demands  for  a 
speech  from  the  crowd,  which  included  a  num. 
ber  of  wounded  soldiers.  President  Wilson  ap- 
peared -vn  a  balcony  of  the  palace  with  the 
king  and  queen.  Mrs.  Wilson.  Princess  Mary 
and  the  duke  of  Connaught.  and  leaning-  over 
the  railing  of  the  balcony  said: 

"I  will  not  attempt  to  make  a  speech,  but 
I  wish  to  say  how  deeply  I  honor  you  men 
who  have  received  wounds  in  this  terrible  war 
for  freedom  which  we  have  just  concluded, 
and  to  say  how  your  splendid  tribute  to  my 
own  dear  country  to-day  is  appreciated.  I 
hope  you  may  live  long  to  enjoy  the  fruits 
of  the  victory  you  have  achieved." 

Later  in  the  afternoon  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
drove  out  to  pay  calls  on  Queen  Alexandra 
and  other  members  of  the  royal  family  not 
resident  within  the  palace.  In  the  evening 
they  dined  privately  with  the  king  and  queen. 

On  Friday.  Dec.  27.  Premier  Lloyd  George 
and  Arthur  J.  Balfour.  secretary  of  state  for 
foreign  affairs,  called  at  Buckingham  palace 
and  conferred  with  President  Wilson  for  some 
time.  Then  the  president  went  to  the  British 
cabinet  room  at  10  Downing  street,  where 
he  was  entertained  at  luncheon  as  Premier 
Lloyd  George's  guest.  Here  the  conference 
was  resumed,  but  was  of  a  private  na- 
ture. Among  those  in  attendance  at  the  lunch- 
eon and  conference  were  Lord  Reading.  Mr. 
Asquith,  Lord  Bryce.  Lo^d  Curzon.  Lord  Mor- 
ley,  Bonar  Law  and  Arthur  Henderson. 
Buckingham  Palace  Banquet. 

In  the  evening  President  Wilson  and  Mrs. 
Wilson  were  entertained  at  a  state  banquet  in 
Buckingham  palace,  all  the  arrangements  be- 
ing of  the  most  imposing  and  brilliant  char- 
acter. The  guests  numbered  120  and  included 
members  of  the  royal  family  and  some  of  the 
most  distinguished  personages  in  the  British 
empire.  The  king  and  queen  and  the  other 
members  of  the  royal  house  gathered  in  the 
white  drawing  room,  to  which  President  and 
Mrs.  Wilson  were  conducted.  As  the  other 
guests  arrived  they  were  presented  to  the  king 
and  aueen  and  the  president  and  his  wife, 
after  which  they  proceeded  to  their  places  in 
the  banqueting  room,  leaving  the  members  of 
the  royal  family  and  the  principal  guests  to 
follow  in  a  procession  attended  by  court  offi- 
cials in  their  state  regalia. 

President  Wilson,  conducting  Queen  Mary,  led 
the  way.  followed  by  King  George  with  Mrs. 
Wilson.  Behind  them  came  the  duke  of  Con- 
naught  and  Princess  Mary  and  others  of  the 
royal  family  in  the  order  of  their  precedence. 
At  the  table  the  king  had  on  his  right 
President  Wilson,  the  queen,  the  French  am- 
bassador Princess  Christian,  the  Spanish  am- 
bassador, Pnncoss  Patricia  of  Connaught  and 
the  United  States  ambassador:  on  his  left 
were  Mrs.  Wilson,  the  duke  of  Connaught. 
Princess  Mary,  the  Italian  ambassador.  Prin- 
cess Beatrice  and  the  Japanese  ambassador. 

King  George,  proposing  the  health  of  the 
principal  guests,  said: 

"This  is  an  historic  moment  and  your  visit 
marks  an  historic  epoch.  Nearly  150  years 
have  passed  since  your  republic  began  its  in- 
dependent life,  and  now  for  the  first  time 
a  president  of  the  United  States  is  our  eruest 
in  England. 

"We  welcome  you  to  the  country  whence 
came  your  ancestors  and  where  stand  the 
homes  of  those  from  whom  sprang  Washing- 
ton and  Lincoln.  We  welcome  you  for  your- 
self  as  one  whose  insight,  calmness  and  dig- 


nity in  the  discharge  of  his  high  duties  we 
have  watched  with  admiration.  We  see  in 
you  the  happy  union  of  the  gifts  of  a  scholar- 
with  those  of  a  statesman.  You  came  from 
a  studious,  academic  quiet  into  the  full  stream 
of  an  arduous  public  life,  and  your  deliver- 
ances have  combined  breadth  of  view  and 
grasp  of  world  problems  with  the  mastery  of 
a  lofty  diction  recalling  that  of  your  great 
orators  of  the  past  and  of  our  own. 

"You  come  as  the  official  head  and  spokes- 
man of  a  mighty  commonwealth  bound  to  us 
by  the  closest  ties.  Its  people  speak  the 
tongue  of  Shakespeare  and  Milton.  Our 
literature  is  yours,  as  yours  is  also  ours,  and 
men  of  letters  in  both  countries  have  joined 
in  maintaining  its  incomparable  glones. 

"To  you.  not  less  than  to  us.  belong  the 
memories  of  our  national  heroes  from  King 
Alfred  down  to  the  days  of  Philip  Sidney  and 
Drake,  of  Raleigh  and  Blake  and  Hampden. 
and  the  days  when  the  political  life  of  the 
English  stock  in  America  was  just  beginning. 
You  share  with  us  the  traditions  of  free 
self-government  as  old  as  the  Magna  Charta. 

"We  recognise  the  bond  of  still  deeper  sig- 
nificance in  the  common  ideals  which  our  peo- 
ple cherish.  First  among  those  ideals  you 
value,  and  we  value,  freedom  and  peace. 
Privileged  as  we  have  been  to  be  the  exponents 
and  the  examples  in  national  life  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  popular  self-government  based  upon 
equal  laws,  it  now  falls  to  both  of  us  alike  to 
see  how  these  principles  can  be  applied  be- 
yond our  own  borders  for  the  good  of  the 
world. 

"It  was  love  of  liberty,  respect  for  law. 
good  faith  and  the  sacred  rights  of  human- 
ity that  brought  you  to  the  old  world  to 
help  in  saving  it  from  the  dangers  that  were 
threatening  around  and  that  -  arrayed  those 
soldier  citizens  of  yours,  whose  gallantry  we 
have  admired,  side  by  side  with  ours  in  the 
war. 

"You  have  now  come  to  help  in  building  up 
new  states  amid  the  ruins  of  those  that  the 
war  has  shattered  and  in  laying  the  solid 
foundations  of  a  settlement  that  may  stand 
firm  because  it  will  rest  upon  the  consent  oi 
the  emancipated  nationalities.  You  have  elo- 
quently expressed  the  hope  of  the  American 
people,  as  it  is  our  hope,  that  some  plan 
may  be  devised  to  attain  the  end  you  have 
done  so  much  to  promote  by  which  the  risk 
of  future  wars  may,  if  possible,  be  averted, 
relieving  the  nations  of  the  intolerable  burden 
which  fear  of  war  has  laid  upon  them. 

"The  British  nation  wishes  all  success  to 
the  deliberations  on  which  you  and  we  and 
the  great  free  nations  allied  with  us  are 
now  to  enter,  moved  by  disinterested  good  will 
and  a  sense  of  duty  commensurate  with  the 
power  which  we  hold  as  a  solemn  trust. 

"The  American  and  British  peoples  have 
been  brothers  in  arms  and  their  arms  have 
been  crowned  with  victory.  We  thank  with 
all  our  hearts  your  valiant  soldiers  and 
sailors  for  their  splendid  part  in  that  victory 
as  we  thank  the  American  people  for  their 
noble  response  to  the  call  of  civilization  and 
humanity.  May  the  same  brotherly  spirit 
inspire  and  guide  our  united  efforts  to  secure 
for  the  world  the  blessings  of  an  ordered 
freedom  and  an  enduring:  peace. 

"In  asking  you  to  join  with  me  in  drinking 
to  the  health  of  the  president.  I  wish  to 
say  with  what  pleasure  we  welcome  Mrs. 
Wilson  to  this  country. 

"I  drink  to  the  health  of  the  president  of 
the  United  States  and  Mrs.  Wilson  and  to 
the  happiness  and  prosperity  of  the  great 
American  nation." 

During  the  delivery  of  the  speech  all  the 
guests  stood.  At  the  close  of  his  remarks 
the  king  and  queen  clinked  glasses  with  their 
guests.  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner"  was 
played,  and  then,  with  the  company  etilJ 


272 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


standing,  President  Wilson  replied  as  follows: 
"I  am  deeply  complimented  by  the  gracious 
words  which  you  have  uttered.  The  welcome 
which  you  have  given  me  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
has  been  so  warm,  so  natural,  -so  evidently 
from  the  heart,  that  we  have  been  more  than 
pleased. 

"We  have  ibeen  touched  by  it.  and  I  be- 
that  I  correctly  interpret  that  welcome 
as  embodying1  rot  only  your  own  generous 
spirit  toward  us  personally,  but  also  as  ex- 
pressing for  yourself  and  the  great  nation 
over  which  you  preside  that  same  feeling  for 
my  people,  for  the  people  of  the  Unite< 
States. 

"For  you  and  I,  sir — I  temporarily — embody 
the  spirit  of  two  great  nations,  and  what 

rer  strength  I  have  and  whatever  authority 
possess    is   only    so   long    and   so   far   as   I 
express  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  the  Amer 
ican  people. 

"Every   influence   that  the  American  people 
have   over  the  affairs   of   the  world  is  meas 
ured  by  their  sympathy  with  the  aspiration 
of  free  men  everywhere. 

"America  does  love  freedom,  and  I  believe 
that  she  loves  freedom  unselfishly.  But  i: 
she  does  not,  she  will  not  and  cannot  help 
the  influence  to  which  she  justly  aspires. 

"I  have  had  the  privilege,  sir.  of  confer- 
ring with  the  leaders  of  your  own  govern- 
ment and  with  the  spokesmen  of  the  govern 
ments  of  France  and  of  Italy,  and  I  am  glad 
to  say  that  I  have  the  same  conceptions  thai 
they  have  of  the  significance  and  scope  oJ 
the  duty  on  which  we  have  met. 

"We  have  used  great  words:  all  of  us  have 
used  the  great  words  'right'  and  'justice,'  and 
now  we  are  to  prove  whether  or  not  we  un- 
derstand these  words  and  how  they  are  to  be 
applied  to  the  particular  settlements  which 
must  conclude  ihis  war 

"And  we  must  not  only  understand  them 
but  we  must  have  the  courage  to  act  upon 
our  understanding. 

"Yet  after  I  have  uttered  the  word  'cour- 
age' it  comes  into  my  mind  that  it  would 
take  more  courage  to  resist  the  great  moraj 
tide  now  running  in  the  world  than  to  yield 
to  it.  than  to  obey  it. 

"There  is  a  great  tide  running-  in  the  hearts 
of  men.  The  hearts  of  men  have  never  beaten 
so  singularly  in  unison  before. 

'M^sn  have  never  before  been  so  conscious 
of  their  brotherhood.  Men  have  never  before 
realized  how  little  difference  there  was  be- 
tween right  and  justice  in  one  latitude  and  in 
another,  under  one  sovereignty  and  under  an- 
other. 

"And  it  will  be  our  high  privilege,  I  be- 
lieve, sir.  not  only  to  apply  the  moral  judg- 
ment of  the  world  to  the  particular  settle- 
ments which  we  shall  attempt,  but  also  to 
organize  the  moral  force  of  the  world  to  pre- 
serve those  settlements,  to  steady  the  forces 
of  mankind,  and  to  make  the  right  and  the 
justice  to  which  great  nations  like  our  own 
have  devoted  themselves,  the  predominant  and 
controlling  force  of  the  world. 

"There  is  something  inspiring  in  knowing 
that  this  is  the  errand  that  we  have  come 
on.  Nothing  less  than  this  would  have  justi- 
fied me  in  leaving  the  important  tasks  which, 
fall  upon  me  upon  the  other  side  of  the  sea — 
nothing  but  the  consciousness  that  nothing- 
else  compares  with,  this  in  dignity  and  im- 
portance. 

"Therefore,  it  is  the  more  delightful  to  find 
myself  in  the  company  of  a  body  of  men 
united  in  ideal  and  purpose  and  to  feel  that 
I  am  privileged  to  unite  my  thoughts  with 
yours  in  carrying1  forward  these  standards 
which  we  are  so  proud  to  hold  so  high  and  to 
defend. 

"May  I  not,  sir,  with  a  feeling  of  profound 
sincerity  and  friendship  and  sympathy,  pro- 


Pose  your  health  and  the  health  of  the  queen 
and  the  prosperity  of  Great  Britain?" 

Their  majesties  and  President  and  Mrs  Wil- 
son again  clinked  glasses  and  alter  the'  band 
had  played  a  few  bars  of  the  national  anthem 
the  company  proceeded  to  the  state  drawing 
room,  where  coffee  was  served  and  conversa- 
tion engaged  in  by  the  guests  generally 

Saturday,  Dec.  28.  was  President  Wilson's 
6^d  birthday  anniversary,  and  in  the  morn- 
ing King  George  went  to  his  rooms  and  wished 
him  many  happy  returns  of  the  day.  At  10:30 
the  president  went  to  the  American  embassy, 
where  he  received  various  deputations  who 
presented  addresses.  The  bodies  represented 


archbishop    of   Canterbury     and    Mr.     Asquith 
spoke  for  the  last  named. 

Guest  of  City  of  London^ 

In  the  afternoon  President  and  Mrs.  Wil- 
son drove  to  the  Guildhall,  where  the  Amer- 
ican executive  was  the  guest  of  the  city  of 
London.  Again  the  gathering  included  many 
of  the  most  distinguished  statesmen  of  Britain. 
The  president's  reception  was  spontaneous  and 
hearty,  and  when  he  i-ose  to  reply  to  the  ad- 
dress of  welcome  he  was  greeted  with  a  pro- 
longed outburst  of  hand  clapping  and  cheer- 
ing. He  spoke  as  follows: 

"Mr.  Lord  Mayor:  We  have  come  upon 
times  when  ceremonies  like  this  have  a  new 
significance  which  most  profoundly  impresses 
me  as  I  stand  here.  The  address  which  I 
have  just  heard  is  most  generously  and  gra- 
ciously conceived,  and  the  delightful  accent 
of  sincerity  in  it  seems  like  a  part  of  that 
voice  of  counsel  which  is  now  everywhere  to 

"I  feel'  that  a  distinguished  honor  has  been 
conferred  upon  me  by  this  reception,  and  I 
beg  to  assure  you,  sir,  and  your  associates, 
of  my  very  profound  appreciation,  but  I  know 
that  I  am  only  a  part  of  what  I  may  call 
a  great  body  of  circumstances. 

'I  do  not  believe  that  it  was  fancy  on  my 
oart  that  I  heard  in  the  voice  of  welcome  ut- 
tered in  the  streets  of  this  great  city  and  in 
the  streets  of  Paris  something  more  than  a 
personal  welcome.  It  seemed  to  me  that  I 
heard  the  voice  of  one  people  speaking  to  an- 
other people,  and  it  was  a  voice  in  which 
one  could  distinguish  a  singular  combination 
of  emotions. 

"There  was  surely  there  the  deep  grateful- 
ness that  the  fighting  was  over.  There  was 
the  pride  that  the  fighting  had  had  such  a 
culmination.  There  was  that  sort  of  gratitude 
that  the  nations  engaged  had  produced  such 
men  as  the  soldiers  of  Great  Britain  and  of 
he  United  States  and  of  France  and  of  Italy- 
men  whose  prowess  and  achievements  they 
had  witnessed  with  rising  admiration  as  they 
moved  from  culmination  to  culmination. 

"But  there  was  something  more  in  it — the 
onsciousness  that  the  business  is  not  yet 
one,  the  consciousness  that  it  now  rests  upon 
ithers  to  see  that  those  lives  were  not  lost 
n  vain. 

'I  have  not  yet  been  to  the  actual  battle 
ield.  but  I  have  been  with  many  of  the  men 
vho   have   fought   the  battles,   and   the  other 
day  I  had  the  pleasure  of  being  present  at  a 
ession  of  the  French  Academy  when  they  ad- 
mitted   Marshal    Joffre    to    their    membership, 
'hat  sturdy,   serene  soldier  stood  and  uttered. 
iot  the  words  of  triumph,  but  summed  up  in 
,  sentence  which  I  will  not  try  accurately  to 
uote  but  reproduce  in  spirit. 
"It  was  that  France  must  always  remember 
hat  the  small  and  the  weak  could  never  live 
ree  in   the   world   unless  the  strong1  and  the 
•reat    always    put      their      power      and    their 
trength  in  the   service  of  right. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEARBOOK  FOR   1930. 


37* 


"That  is  the  afterthought— the  thought  that 
something  must  be  done  now;  not  only  to 
make  the  just  settlements— that  of  course- 
but  to  see  that  the  settlements  remained  and 
were  observed  and  that  honor  and  justice  pre- 
vail in  the  world. 

"And  as  I  have  conversed  with  the  soldiers 
I  have  been  more  and  more  aware  that  they 
fought  for  something  that  not  all  of  them  had 
defined,  but  which  all  of  them  recognized  the 
moment  you  stated  it  to  them. 

"They  fought  to  do  away  with  an  old  order 
and  to  establish  a  new  one.  and  the  center 
and  characteristic  of  the  old  order  was  that 
unstable  thing  which  we  used  to  call  the 
'balance  of  power,'  a  thing  in  which  the  bal- 
ance was  determined  by  the  sword  which  was 
thrown  in  on  the  one  side  or  the  other,  a 
balance  which  was  determined  by  the  unstable 
equilibrium  of  competitive  interests,  a  bal- 
ance which  was  maintained  by  jealous  watch- 
fulness and  an  antagonism  of  interests  which, 
though  it  was  generally  latent,  was  always 

"The  men' who  have  fought  in  this  war  have 
been  the  men  from  the  free  nations  who  are 
determined  that  that  sort  of  thing  shouloTend 
now  and  forever.  It  is  very  interesting  to  me 
to  observe  how  from  every  Quarter,  from 
every  sort  of  mind,  from  every  concert  of 
counsel  there  comes  the  suggestion  that  there 
must  now  be,  not  a  balance  of  power,  not 
one  powerful  group  of  nations  set  up  against 
another,  but  a  single,  overwhelming,  powerful 
group  of  nations  who  shall  be  the  trust  of 
the  peace  of  the  world. 

"It  has  been  delightful  in  my  conferences 
with  the  leaders  of  your  government  to  find 
how  our  minds  moved  along  exactly  the  same 
line  and  how  our  thought  was  always  that 
the  key  to  the  peace  was  the  guaranty  of 
the  peace,  not  the  items  of  it;  that  the  items 
would  be  worthless  unless  there  stood  back 
of  them  a  permanent  concert  of  power  for 
their  maintenance.  That  is  the  most  reas- 
suring thing  that  has  ever  happened  in  the 
world. 

"When  this  war  began  the  thought  oi  a 
league  of  nations  was  indulgently  considered 
as  the  interesting  thought  of  closeted  stu- 
dents. It  was  thought  of  as  one  of  those 
things  that  it  was  right  to  characterize  by 
a  name  which,  as  a  university  man.  I  have 
always  resented.  It  was  said  to  be  academic, 
as  if  that  in  itself  were  a  condemnation— 
something  that  men  could  think  about  but 
never  get. 

"Now  we  find  the  practical  leading  minds 
of  the  world  determined  to  get  it.  No  such 
sudden  and  potent  union  of  purpose  has  ever 
been  witnessed  in  the  world  before.  Do  you 
wonder,  therefore,  gentlemen,  that  in  common 
with  those  who  represent  you  I  am  eager  to 
get  at  the  business  and  write  the  sentences 
down?  And  that  I  am  particularly  happy 
that  the  ground  is  cleared  and  the  foundation 
laid— for  we  have  already  accepted  the  same 
body  of  principles.  Those  principles  are  clear- 
ly and  definitely  enough  stated  to  make  their 
application  a  matter  which  should  afford  no 
fundamental  difficulty. 

"And  back  of  us  is  that  imperative  yearn- 
ing of  the  world  to  have  all  disturbing  ques- 
tions quieted,  to  have  all  threats  against  peace 
silenced,  to  have  just  men  everywhere  come 
together  for  a  common  object.  The  peoples 
of  the  world  want  peace  and  they  want  it 
now.  not  merely  by  conquest  of  arms,  but  by 
agreement  of  mind. 

"It  was  this  incomparably  great  object  that 
brought  me  overseas.  It  has  never  before 
been  deemed  excusable  for  a  president  of  the 
United  States  to  leave  the  territory  of  the 
United  States,  but  I  know  that  I  have  the 
support  of  the  judgment  of  my  colleagues,  in 
the  government  of  the  United  States  in  saying 
that  it  was  my  paramount  duty  to  turn  away 


even  from  the  imperative  tasks  at  home  to 
lend  such  counsel  and  aid  as  I  could  to  this 
great,  may  I  not  say  final,  enterprise  of  hu- 
manity." 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  speech,  which  was 
frequently  interrupted  by  applause,  the  com- 
pany rose  in  a  body  _and  cheered  until  the 
guests  of  honor  departed.  It  was  said  by  per- 
sons who  had  attended  many  receptions  in 
the  Guildhall  that  none  approached  in  mani- 
fest good  will  and  spontaneity  that  which  was 
accorded  President  Wilson  on  this  occasion. 
At  the  Mansion  House. 

From  the  Guildhall  the  president  and  Mrs. 
Wilson  drove  to  the  Mansion  house  to  attend 
a  luncheon  given  in  his  honor  by  Lord  Mayor 
Sir  Horace  Marshall.  As  on  the  drive  from 
Buckingham  palace  to  the  Guildhall  the 
streets  through  which  his  carriage  and  escort 
passed  were  densely  crowded  with  people, 
cheering  loudly,  waving  hats  and  handker- 
chiefs and  giving  other  manifestations  of 
pleasure  at  seeing  the  nation's  guest.  In 
proposing  the  health  of  the  president  at  the 
luncheon  the  lord  mayor  paid  a  -tribute  to 
him  as  a  man  and  a  statesman.  In  his  re- 
sponse President  Wilson  said: 

"Mr.  Lord  Mayor.  Your  Royal  Highness, 
Your  Grace.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  You  have 
again  made  me  feel.  sir.  the  very  wonderful 
and  generous  welcome  of  this  great  city,  -and 
you  have  reminded  me  of  what  has  perhaps 
become  one  of  the  habits  of  my  life. 

"You  have  said  that  I  have  broken  .  all 
precedents  in  coming  across  the  ocean  to  join 
in  the  counsels  oi  the  peace  conference,  but 
I  think  those  who  have  been  associated  with 
me  in  Washington  will  testify  that  that  19 
nothing  surprising.  I  said  to  the  members 
of  the  press  in  Washington  one  evening  thartf 
one  of  the  things  that  had  interested  me 
most  since  I  lived  in  Washington  was  that 
every  time  I  did  anything  perfectly  natural 
it  was  said  to  be  unprecedented. 

"It  was  perfectly  natural  to  break  this  prec- 
edent— natural  because  the  demand  for  inti- 
mate conference  took  precedence  over  every 
other  duty.  And.  after  all.  the  breaking  of 
precedents,  though  this  may  sound  strange 
doctrine  in  England,  is  the  most  sensible  thing 
to  do. 

"The  harness  of  precedent  is  sometimes  a 
very  sad  and  harassing  trammel.  In  this  case 
the  breaking  of  precedent  is  sensible  for  a 
reason  that  is  very  prettily  illustrated  in  a 
remark  attributed  to  Charles  Lamb.  One  eve- 
ning in  a  company  of  his  friends  they  were 
discussing  a  person  who  was  not  present,  and 
Lamb  said,  in  his  hesitating  manner:  'I  h-hate 
that  fellow.'  'Why,  Charles.'  one  of  his 
friends  said,  'I  did  not  know  'that  you  knew 
him.'  'Oh.'  he  said.  'I-I-I  d-don't.  I  can't 
h-hate  a  man  I  know.' 

"And    perhaps    that    simple    and    attractive 
remark   may    furnish   a    secret   for  cordial  in- 
i  ternational   relationship.    When    we  know   one 
I  another  we  cannot  hate  one  another. 

"I  haven't  been  very  much  interested  before 
coming  here  to  see  .what  sort  of  person  I 
was  expected  to  be.  So  far  as  I  can  make 
out,  I  was  expected  to  be  a  perfectly  blood- 
less thinking:  machine,  whereas.  I  am  perfectly 
aware  that  I  have  in  me  all  the  insurgent 
elements  of  the  human  race.  I  am  sometimes, 
by  reason  of  long  Scotch  tradition,  able  to 
keep  these  instincts  in  restraint.  The  stern 
covenanter  tradition  that  is  behind  me  sends 
many  an  echo  down  the  years. 

"It  is  not  only  diligently  to  pursue  busi- 
ness, but  also  to  seek  this  sort  of  comrade- 
ship, that  I  feel  it  is  a  privilege  to  have 
come  across  the  seas,  and  in  the  welcome  that 
you  have  accorded  Mrs.  Wilson  and  me  you 
have  made  us  feel  that  companionship  was 
accessible  to  us  in  the  most  delightful  and 
enjoyable  form. 


274 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


"I  thank  yon  sincerely  for  this  welcome, 
sir.  and  am  very  happy  to  join  in  a  love 
feast  which  is  all  the  moi*e  enjoyable  because 
there  is  behind  it  a  background  of  tragical 
suffering1.  Our  spirits  are  released  from  tne 
darkness  of  the  clouds  that  at  one  time 
seemed  to  have  settled  upon,  the  world  in  a 
way  that  could  not  be  dispersed,  the  suffer- 
ing1 of  your  own  people,  the  suffering  of  the 
people  of  France,  and  the  infinite  suffering  of 
the  people  of  Belgium.  The  whisper  of  grief 
that  has  been  blown  all  through  the  world  is 
now  silent  and  the  sun  of  hope  seems  to 
spread  its  rays  and  to  charge  the  earth  with 
a  new  prospect  of  happiness.  So  our  joy  is 
all  the  more  elevated  because  we  know  that 
our  spirits  are  now  lifted  out  of  that  valley." 

Among  the  guests     at     the     lord     mayor's 


luncheon    were    the    duke    of    Connaught    and 
Princess.  Patricia.    Premier      and      Mrs.   Lloyd 


ton    station     and 
Northwestern  train 


.  _. 

George,  the  earl  and  countess  of  Rea< 
miral  and  Mrs.  David  Beatty.  Lord  and  Lady 
Curzon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  H.  Asquith,  Lord 
Herschell,  Field  Marshal  Sir  Douglas  and 
Lady  Haig.  Admiral  Sir  John  Jellicoe,  Gen. 
Louis  Botha.  Ambassador  David  R.  Francis. 
Ambassador  and  Mrs.  John  W.  Davis.  Gen.  Sir 
Henry  Wilson,  Gen.  Sir  William  R.  Robertson, 
Sir  Robert  Borden,  Andrew  Bonar  Law,  Vis- 
count Milner  and  many  other  men  of  inter- 
national note. 

In  the  afternoon  the  president  had  another 
conference   at    10    Downing   street     with     Mr. 
Lloyd  George.  Mr.  Balfour  and  Mr.  Bonar  Law 
and  in  the  evening1  had  dinner  with   the   im- 
perial war  cabinet  at  the  prime  minister's  resi- 
dence.   Late    at    night    President    Wilson    and 
Mrs.  Wilson  "went  by  automobile  to  the  Eus- 
oarded      the      London   & 
for  Carlisle  and  Manches- 
ter. 

In  Carlisle. 

Carlisle  was  reached  on  Sunday  morning  in 
the  midst  of  rain  and  cold  mist,  but  the 
warmth  of  the  greeting  of  the  people  of  the 
town,  which  was  the  girlhood  home  of  the 
president's  mother,  more  than  made  up  for 
the  disagreeable  weather.  The  party  was  re- 
ceived at  the  station  by  Mayor  Bertram  Carr 
and  other  officials  and  escorted  to  the  Crown 
and  Mitre  hotel,  where  the  president  signed 
the  freeman's  roll.  Later  he  visited  the  site 
of  his  grandfather's  chapel  and  a  house  which 
his  grandfather  had  built.  Afterward  h<*  at- 
tended services  in  the  Lowther  Street  Cong~e- 
grational  church,  where,  at  the  request  of  the 
pastor,  the  Rev.  Edward  Booth,  he  made  a 
torief  address  to  the  congregation  in  the  course 
of  "which  he  said: 

"The  feelings  excited  in  me  to-day  are 
really  too  intimate  and  too  deep  to  permit  of 
jmblic  expression.  The  memories  that  have 
come  of  the  mother  who  was  born  here  are 
affecting1.  Her  quiet  character,  her  sense  of 
duty  and  her  dislike  of  ostentation  have  come 
back  to  one  with  increasing  force  as  these 
years  of  duty  have  accumulated. 

"Yet  perha.p9  it  is  appropriate  that  in  a 
place  of  worship  I  should  acknowledge  my  in- 
debtedness to  her  and  her  remarkable  father. 
because,  after  all,  what  the  world  now  is 
seeking  to  do  is  to  return  to  the  paths  of 
duty,  to  turn  from  the  savagery  of  interests 
to  the  dignity  of  the  performance  of  right. 

"I  believe  as  this  war  has  drawn  nations 
temporarily  together  in  a  combination  of  phys- 
ical force  we  shall  now  be  drawn  together  in 
a  combination  of  moral  force  that  is  irresist- 
ible. It  is  moral  force  as  much  as  physical 
force  that  has  defeated  the  effort  to  subdue 
the  world.  Words  have  cut  as  deep  as  swords. 

"The  knowledge  that  wrong  has  been  at- 
tempted has  aroused  the  nations.  They  have 
pone  out  like  men  for  a  crusade.  No  other 
cause  could  have  drawn  so  many  of  the  na- 


tions together.  They  knew  an  outlaw  waa 
abroad  and  that  the  outlaw  purposed  un- 
speakable things. 

"It  is  from  quiet  places  like  this  all  over 
the  world  that  the  forces  are  accumulated 
that  presently  will  overpower  any  attempt  to 
accomplish  evil  on  a  great  scale.  It  is  like 
the  rivulet  that  gathers  into  the  river  and  the 
river  that  goes  to  the  sea.  So  there  come 
out  of  communities  like  these  streams  that 
fertilize  the  conscience  of  men.  and  it  is  the 
conscience  of  the  world  we  now  mean  to  .place 
upon  the  throne  which  others  tried  to  usurp." 

The  bishop  of  Carlisle  read  an  address  in 
which  he  thanked  the  president  for  his  visit 
to  his  ancestral  city  and  by  his  presence  at 
the  services  in  a  church  hallowed  to  him  by 
association  and  bonds  of  filial  piety. 

In  the  afternoon  President  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
proceeded  by  train  to  Manchester,  where  on 
their  arrival  they  were  greeted  by  thousands 
who  filled  the  streets  all  the  way  from  the 
railroad  station,  to  the  official  residence  of 
the  lord  mayor  and  cheered  lustily  from  the 
time  the  president's  car  started  through  the 
troop-lined  thoroughfares  until  he  disap- 
peared within  the  building. 

Speeches  in  Manchester. 

On  the  following  day  the  president  and  Mrs. 
Wilson,  accompanied  by  the  lord  mayor  and 
the  aldermen  of  the  city,  made  a  brief  trip 
on  the  Manchester  ship  canal,  after  which 
they  were  taken  to  the  Free  Trade  hall,  where 
representative  citizens  of  the  city  were  re< 
ceived  and  addresses  from  various  bodies  were 
read.  The  city  council  at  a  special  meeting 
conferred  upon  President  Wilson  the  freedom 
of  the  city,  which  was  presented  to  him  by 
the  lord  mayor,  in  which  he  said  that  it  af- 
forded the  city  of  Manchester  supreme  satis- 


faction to  have  on  its  burgess  roll  the  name 
of  the  chief  citizen  of  the  American  republic. 
The  bonds  between  England  and  America,  the 


lord  mayor  added,  had  been  riveted  with  great 
strength  and  made  indestructible. 

"When  the  complete  history  of  the  war  is 
written,"  he  said,  "the  world  will  comprehend 
more  fully  than  it  can  to-day  the  stupendous 
character  of  the  effort  which  the  United  States 
made  to  insure  a  right  decision.  The  presi- 
dent has  come  among  us  equally  resolved  that 
the  world  shall  henceforth  be  better  and  hap- 
pier for  a  well-ordered  peace." 

Replying  to  the  lord  mayor's  address.  Presi- 
dent Wilson  said: 

"My  Lord  Mayor,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen— 
perhaps  I  may  be  permitted  to  add.  Fellow 
Citizens:  You  have  made  me  feel  in  a  way 
that  is  deeply  delightful  the  generous  welcome 
which  you  have  accorded  me,  and  back  of  it  I 
know  there  lies  the  same  sort  of  feeliner  for 
the  great  people  whom  I  have  the  privilege  of 
representing. 

"There  is  a  feeling  of  cordiality,  fraternity 
and  friendship  between  the  two  great  nations, 
and  as  I  have  gone  from  place  to  place  and 
been  made  everywhere  to  feel  the  pulse  of 


sympathy   that   is   now   beating   between   us   1 

have  been  led  to   some  very   serious  tb 

as    to    what    the    basis    of    it    all    is.      For 


have  been  led  to   some  very   serious  thoughts 
.    the    basis    of    it    all    is.      For    I 
think  you  will  agree  with  me  that  friendship 


is  not  a  mere  sentiment— patriotism  is  not  a 
mere  sentiment.  It  is  based  upon  a  princi- 
ple, upon  the  principle  that  leads  a  man  to 
give  more  than  he  demands. 

"Similarly,  friendship  is  based  not  merely 
upon  affection,  but  upon  common  service. 
The  man  is  not  your  friend  who  is  not  will- 
ing to  serve  you,  ?nd  you  are  not  his  friend 
unless  you  are  willing  to  serve  him.  And 
out  of  that  impulse  of  common  interest  and 
desire  of  common  service  arises  that  noble 
feeling  which  we  consecrate  as  friendship. 

"And  so  it  does  seem  to  me  that  the  theme 
that  we  must  have  in  our  minds  now  in  this 
great  day  of  settlement  is  the  theme  of  com- 
mon interest  and  the  determination  of  what 
it  is  that  is  our  common  interest.  You  know 
that  heretofore  the  world  has  been  governed, 
or  at  any  rate  the  attempt  has  been  made  to 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


275 


govern  it,  by  partnerships  of  interest,  and  that 
they  have  broken  down.  Interest  does  not 
bind  men  together.  Interest  separates  men. 
For,  the  moment  there  is  the  slightest  de- 
parture from  the  nice  adjustment  of  interests, 
then  jealousies  begin  to  spring  up.  There  is 
only  one  thing  that  can  bind  peoples  together, 
and  that  is  common  devotion  to  right. 

"Ever  since  the  history  of  liberty  began 
men  have  talked  about  their  rights,  and  it 
has  taken  several  hundred  years  to  make  them 
perceive  that  the  principal  condition  of  right 
is  duty,  and  that  unless  a  man  performs  his 
full  duty  he  is  entitled  to  no  right.  It  is  a 
fine  correlation  of  the  influence  of  duty  that 
right  is  the  equipoise  and  balance  of  society. 

"And  so.  when  we  analyze  the  present  situ- 
ation and  the  future  that  we  now  have  to 
mold  and  control,  it  seems  to  me  there  is 
no  other  thought  than  that  that  can  guide  us. 
You  know  that  the  United  States  has  always 
felt  from  the  very  beginning  of  her  story 
that  she  must  keep  herself  separate  from  any 

rnd  of  connection  with  European  politics, 
want  to  say  very  frankly  to  you  that  she 
is  not  now  interested  in  European  politics, 
but  she  is  interested  in  the  partnership  of 
right  between  America  and  Europe.  If 
the  future  had  nothing  for  us  but  a  new 
attempt  to  keep  the  world  at  a  right  poise 
by  a  balance  of  power,  the  United  States 
would  take  no  interest,  because  she  will  join 
no  combination  of  powers  which  is  not  a  com 


bination  of   all  of  us.     She  is  not  interested 

of    E 
peace   of   the   world. 


merely   in    the   peace 


urope,   but   in  the 


. 

"Therefore  it  seems  to  me  that  in  the  set- 
tlement which  is  just  ahead  of  us  something- 
more  delicate  and  difficult  than  was  ever  at- 
tempted before  has  to  be  accomplished  —  a 
genuine  concert  of  mind  and  of  purpose.  But. 
while  it  is  difficult,  there  is  an  element  pres- 
ent that  makes  it  easy.  Never  before  in  the 
history  of  the  world.  I  believe,  has  there  been 
such  a  keen  international  consciousness  as 
there  is  now. 

"There  is  a  great  voice  of  humanity  abroad 
in  the  world  just  now  which  he  who  cannot 
hear  is  deaf.  There  is  a  great  compulsion  of 
the  common  conscience  now  in  existence  which 
if  anj-  statesman  resist  will  gain  for  him  the 
most  unenviable  eminence  in  history.  We  are 
not  obeying-  the  mandate  of  parties  or  of 
politics.  We  are  obeying  the  mandate  of 
humanity. 

"That  is  the  reason  why  it  seems  to  me 
that  the  thing's  that  are  most  often  in  our 
minds  are  the  least  significant.  I  am  not 
hopeful  that  the  individual  items  of  the  settle- 
ment which  we  are  about  to  attempt  will  be 
altogether  satisfactory.  One  has  only  to  ap- 
ply his  mind  to  any  one  of  the  questions  of 
boundary  and  of  altered  sovereignty  and  of 
racial  aspirations  to  do  something  more  than 
conjecture  that  there  is  no  man  and  no  body 
of  men  who  know  just  how  they  ought  to 
be  settled;  and  yet  if  we  are  to  make  unsatis- 
factory settlements  we  must  see  to  it  that 
they  are  rendered  more  and  more  satisfactory 
by  the  subsequent  adjustments  which  are 
made  possible.  We  must  provide  the  ma- 
chinery for  readjustments  in  order  that  we 
may  have  the  machinery  of  good  will  and 
friendship. 

"Friendship  must  have  a  machinery.  If  I 
cannot  correspond  with  you.  if  I  cannot 
learn  your  minds,  if  I  cannot  co-operate  with 
you.  I  cannot  be  your  friend;  and  if  the  world 
is  to  remain  a  body  of  friends  it  must  have 
the  means  of  friendship,  the  means  of  con- 
stant friendly  intercourse,  the  means  for  con- 
stant watchfulness  over  the  common  interests. 

"That  makes  it  necessary  to  make  some 
great  effort  to  have  with  one  another  an  easy 
and  constant  method  of  conference,  so  that 
troubles  may  be  taken  when  they  are  little 
and  not  allowed  to  grow  until  they  are  big. 
I  never  thought  I  had  a  big  difference  with 
a  man  that  I  did  not  find  when  I  came  into 
conference  with  him  that,  alter  all.  it  was 


rather  a  little  difference,  and  that  if  we  were 
frank  with  one  another  and  did  not  too  much 
stand  upon  that  great  enemy  of  mankind 
which  is  called  pride  we  could  come  together. 

•  It  is  the  wish  to  come  together  that  is 
more  than  half  of  the  process.  It  is  a 
doctrine  which  ought -to  be  easy  of  compre- 
hension in  a  great  commercial  center  like 
this.  You  cannot  trade  with  a  man  who 
suspects  you.  You  cannot  establish  commercial 
and  industrial  relations  with  those  who  do 
not  trust  you.  Good  will  is  the  forerunner 
of  trade.  Good  will  is  the  foundation  of  trade 
and  trade  is  the  great  amicable  instrument  of 
the  world  on  that  account. 

"I  felt,  before  I  came  here,  at  home  in 
Manchester,  because  Manchester  has  so  many 
of  the  characteristics  of  our  great  American 
cities.  I  was  reminded  of  an  anecdote  of  a 
humorous  fellow  countryman  of  mine  who 
was  sitting  at  luncheon  in  his  club  one  day 
when  a  man  whom  he  did  not  like  particularly 
came  up  and  slapped  him  on  the  shoulders  and 
said: 

"  'Hello.  Ollie!    How  are  you?' 

"He  looked  at  him  coldly  and  said: 

"  'I  don't  know  your  face  and  I  don't 
know  your  name,  but  your  manners  are  very 
familiar.' 

"I  don't  know  your  name,  but  your  man- 
ners are  very  familiar,  and  very  delightfully 
familiar,  so  that  I  felt  that  in  the  community 
of  interest  and  understanding  which  is  estab- 
lished in  great  currents  of  trade  we  are 
enabled  to  see  international  processes  perhaps 
better  than  they  can  be  seen  by  others.  I 
take  it  I  am  not  far  from  right  in  supposing 
that  that  is  the  reason  why  Manchester  has 
been  the  center  of  the  great  forward  looking 
sentiments  of  men  who  had  the  instincts  of 
large  planning,  not  merely  for  the  city  itself 
but  for  the  kingdom  and  the  empire  and  the 
world.  And  with  that  outlook  we  can  be 
sure  we  can  go  shoulder  and  shoulder  to- 
gether. 

"I  wish  it  were  possible  for  us  to  do  some- 
thing like  some  of  my  very  stern  ancestors 
did,  for  among  my  ancestors  are  those  very 
determined  persons  who  were  known  as  the 
covenanters.  I  wish  we  could,  not  for  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States,  but  for  France, 
for  Italy  and  the  world,  enter  into  a  great 
league  and  covenant  declaring  ourselves  first 
of  all  friends  of  mankind  and  uniting  our- 
selves together  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
triumph  of  right." 

The  cheering-  before,  during  and  after  the 
president's  speech  was  prolonged  and  hearty. 
When  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson  first  appeared  the 
great  gathering  of  citizens  spontaneously 
united  in  singing  "For  He's  a  Jolly  Good 
Fellow."  after  the  great  organ  at  the  end 
of  the  hall  had  pealed  forth  "The  Star  Span- 
gled Banner." 

After  the  ceremony  at  the  Free  Trade  hall 
the  presidential  party  set  out  for  another  drive 
through  the  streets-  and  all  along  the  route 
the  dense  crowds  cheered  with  great  hearti- 
ness. A  stop  was  made  at  the  royal  ex- 
change, where  the  president  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
signed  the  visitors'  book  and  from  the 
strangers'  balcony  looked  down  on  the  crowded 
floor.  The  members  applauded  enthusiastical- 
ly and  called  for  a  speech.  The  president  in 
response  said  he  came  from  the  cotton  states 
of  America  and  knew  therefore  something  of 
the  trade  in  which  his  hearers  were  deeply 
interested.  He  gave  them  his  warmest  greet- 
ings and  bade  them  Godspeed  in  all  their 
undertakings. 

From  the  exchange  the  president  went  to 
the  Midland  hotel,  where  he  took  luncheon 
with  the  lord  mayor.  For  this  affair  more 
than  300  eruests  had  gathered  and  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wilson  received  yet  another  ovation 
when  they  took  their  seats.  In  replying  to 
the  toast  "The  President"  Mr.  Wilson  said: 


276 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


"You  have  again  made  mp  feel  the  cordiality 
of  your  friendship  and  I  want  to  tell  you  how 
much  I  appreciate  it.  not  only  on  my  own  be- 
half, but  on  behalf  of  my  partner. 

"It  is  very  interesting-  that  the  lord  mayor 
should  have  referred  in  his  address  to  a  very 
vital  circumstance  in  otfr  friendship.  He  re- 
ferred to  the  fact  that  our.men  and  your  m-n 
have  fought  side  by  side  in  the  great  battle. 

"But  there  was  more  than  that  in  it.  For 
the  first  time  upon  such  a  scala  at  any  rate, 
they  have  fought  und-r  a  common  commander. 
That  is  an  advance  which  we  have  made  upon 
the  previous  days,  and  what  I  have  been  par- 
ticularly interested  in  hns  been  the  generosity 
of  spirit  with  which  that  unity  of  command 

h^IbnontaoSneiytehad-the  pleasure  of  meeting 
Marshal  Foch.  who  confirmed  my  admiration 
of  hinr  by  the  direct  and  simple  manner  with 
which  \e  dealt  with  every  subject  we  talked 
about.  >ut  I  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting-  your 
own  c»mmander  and  I  understand  how  they 
co-operated  because  I  saw  that  they  were  real 

m"It  takes  a  real  man  to  subordinate  himself 
and  it  takes  a  real  soldier  to  know  that  unity 
of  command  is  the  secret  of  success.  That 
unity  of  command  did  swing  the  power  of  r 
lions  into  a  mighty  force.  I  think  we  all  must 
have  felt  how  the  momentum  which  got  into 
all  of  the  armies  was  concentrated  into  the 
single  army  and  we  felt  we  had  overcome  all 

"With  ^ur  unity  of  command  there  arose 
a  unity  of  spirit.  The  minute  we  consented  to 
co-operate  our  hearts  were  drawn  closer  to- 
g-ether into  co-operation  and  so.  from  the 
military  side,  we  had  given  ourselves  an  ex- 
ample for  the  years  to  come.  Hot  that  in  the 
years  to  come  we  must  submit  to  a  unity  91 
command,  but  it  does  seem  to  me  that  ui 
the  years  to  come  we  must  plan  a  unity  of 
purpose,  and  in  that  unity  of  purpose  we 
shall  find  a  great  recompense,  a  strengthening 
of  our  spirit  in  everything  that  we  do. 

"There  is  nothing  so  hampering  and  nothing 
so  demeaning  as  jealousy.  It  is  a  cancer  It 
is  a  cancer  in  the  heart:  not  only  that,  but  in 
the  counting  room.  It  is  a  cancer  throughout 
all  the  processes  of  civilization,  and  having 
now  seen  we  can  fight  shoulder  to  shoulder, 
we  will  continue  to  advance  shoulder  to 
shoulder,  and  I  think  you  will  find  that  the 
people  of  the  United  States  are  not  the  least 
eager  for  the  purpose. 

"I  remember  hearing  the  story  of  a  warning 
that  one  of  your  Australian  soldiers  gave  to 
one  of  ours.  Our  soldiers  were  considered  by 
the  old  men  to  be  a  bit  rash  when  they,  were 
in  the  field,  -t  understand  that  one  friendly 
Australian  said  that  our  men  were  rather 

"On  one  occasion  an  Australian  said  to  one 
of  our  men:  'Man,  a  barrage  is  not  a  thing 
to  lean  up  against.'  They  were  a  little  bit 
Inclined  to  lean  up  against  the  barrage  and 
yet  I  must  confide  to  you  that  I  was  a  bit 
proud  of  them  for  it.  They  hnd  come  over  to 
get  at  the  enemy  and  they  didn  t  know  why 
they  should  delay. 

"But  now  that  there  is  no  common  enemy 
except  distrust  and  marring  of  plans,  we  can 
all  feel  the  same  eagerness  in  the  new  combat 
and  feel  •  that  there  is  a  common  enterprise 
before  us. 

"We  are  not  men  because  we  have  skill  of 
hand,  but  we  are  men  because  we  have  eleva- 
tion of  spirit.  It  is  in  this  SDirit  that  we 
live,  and  not  in  the  task  of  the  day.  If  it 
is  not  that,  why  is  it  that  you  hang  the 
lad's  musket  or  sword  up  above  the  mantel- 
piece, but  never  hang  the  yardstick  up?  There 
is  nothing  discreditable  in  the  yardstick.  It 
is  altogether  honorable,  but  he  is  using  it 
for  his  own  sake.  But  when  he  takes  the 
musket  or  the  sword  he  is  giving  everything 
and  is  getting  nothing.  It  is  honorable  not 


as   an   instrument    but   as  a  symbol   of   self- 
ScicrificG. 

"A  friend  of  mine  said  very  truly:  'When 
peace  is  conducted  in  the  spirit  of  war  there 
will  be  no  war.'  When  business  is  done 
with  the  point  of  view  of  the  soldier  who 
is  serving  his  country,  then  business  will  be 
as  histrionic  as  war.  I  believe  that  from 
generation  to  generation  steps  of  that  sort 
are  gaining  more  and  more  and  men  are  be- 
ginning to  see.  not,  perhaps,  the  golden  age. 
but  an  age  which  is  conducting  them  from 
victory  to  victory  and  may  lead  us  to  an 
elevation  from  which  we  can  see  the  things 
for  which  the  heart  of  mankind  has  longed." 
Return  to  London  and  Paris. 

From  the  luncheon  the  president  and  his 
party  drove  to  the  railroad  station,  where  a 
special  train  was  taken  for  London.  While 
in  Manchester  the  president  received  a  tele- 
gram asking  him  to  visit  Southampton  and 
receive  the  freedom  of  the  city.  Replying 
he  expressed  his  cordial  thanks  for  the  honor, 
but  said  it  was  absolutely  necessary  for  him 
to  return  to  France  on  Tuesday. 

Arriving  in  London  in  -the  evening.  Presi- 
dent and  Mrs.  Wilson  were  given  a  dinner 
party  in  Buckingham  palace  by  King  George 
and  Queen  Mary,  at  which  a  number ^>f  dis- 
tinguished persons  were  present.  Thf  state 
dining  room,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  apart- 
ments in  the  palace,  was  used  for  the  occa- 
sion. There  was  no  formal  procession,  the 
diners,  however,  going  in  pairs,  the  king  es- 
corting- Mrs.  Wilson  and  President  Wilson 
escorting  the  queen.  No  speeches  were  made. 

On  the  following-  morning  the  presidential 
party  left  Buckingham  palace  at  9  o'clock  and 
drove  in  state  landaus  to  the  Victoria  station. 
The  first  carriage  was  occupied  by  King  George 
and  President  Wilson  and  the  second  by  Queen 
Mary,  Mrs.  Wilson  and  Princess  Mary.  The 
other  carriages  were  occupied  by  the  dowager 
countess  of  Airlie,  Miss  Benham.  Lord  Stan- 
more,  Commander  Sir  Charles  Cust.  Vice-Ad- 
miral Gray  son  and  Ma  j. -Gen.  Biddle.  At  the 
station  a  number  of  cabinet  members  and 
others,  including  the  prime  minister,  had  as- 
sembled to  say  good-by  to  the  president 
and  Mrs.  Wilson.  After  hearty  handshakes  all 
around  the  visitors  boarded  their  train  and 
started  on  their  journey  to  France  and  Italy. 
Dover  was  reached  at  •!!  o'clock,  and  half  an 
hour  later  the  transport  Brighton  with  the 
presidential  party  aboard  left  for  Calais.  There 
another  train  was  taken  for  Paris,  which 
was  reached  the  same  evening. 
VISIT  TO  ITALY. 

New  Year's  day  wns  spent  auietly  by  the 
president  and  Mrs.  Wilson  and  in  the  evening 
they  started  out  on  their  journey  to  Italy. 
The  Franco-Italian  frontier  was  crossed  at 
Modane  at  10:30  o'clock  next  day  (Jan.  2) 
and  here  the  special  train  was  met  by  Am- 
bassador Thomas  Nelson  Page,  Count  Macchi 
de  Cellere.  Italian  ambassador  to  the  United 
States,  the  duke  of  Lante.  and  the  prince  of 
Udine.  who  continued  with  the  party  to  Rome. 
At  all  the  railroad  stations  large  crowds  were 
gathered  to  greet  the  president  with  "vivas" 
and  other  shouts  of  welcome.  It  was  a  con- 
tinuous ovation  all  the  way.  In  Turin  the 


president  was  met  at  the  station  by  the  pre- 
fect of  the  province,  the  mayor  and  other 
civil  and  military  officials.  In  Genoa  Mayor 
Massone  was  at  the  station  to  meet.  the.  presi- 
dent! and  make  arrangements  for  his  visit  on 
the  return  trip  from  Rome. 

In  Some. 

Rome  was  reached  at  10:30  olclqck  on  the 
forenoon  of  Friday.  Jan.  3.  Within  the  sta- 
tion to  meet  the  train  were  King  Victor  Em- 
manuel. Queen  Elena,  all  the  members  of  the 
cabinet  headed  by  Premier  Orlando  and  For- 
eign Minister  Sonnmo,  members  of  Parlia- 
ment, the  diplomatic  corps  and  military  and 


x    ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


277 


naval    authorities. 
Wil 


The    president    and 
son  were  first  cordially  greeted  by  the  king 


Mrs. 


and  queen  and  then  by  the  other  notables. 
After  a  short  conversation  in  the  royal  wait- 
ing1 room  the  king1  and  President  Wilson  ap- 
peared in  front  <Jf  the  station,  where  a  great 
crowd  had  gathered.  There  was  a  burst  of 
cheering1,  cannon  were  fired  and  the  historic 
bell  on  the  capitol  was  rung:.  With  their 
royal  escort  the  visitors  proceeded  to  the 
Piazza  Esedra.  near  the  station,  where  Prince 
Prospero  Colonna.  the  mayor  of  Rome,  sur- 
rounded by  aldermen  and  liveried  servants. 
delivered  an  address  of  welcome.  Then  the 
procession  turned  down  the  Via  Nazionale. 
which  was  packed  with  people,  who  at  the 
sight  of  the  smiling1  president  cheered  with 
unaffected  enthusiasm,  the  ovation  increasing1 
in  volume  until  the  Quirinal  was  reached. 
From  the  windows  flowers  were  showered  on 
Mrs.  Wilson  and  Miss  Margaret  W.  Wilson. 
who  had  met  the  party  at  the  station. 
At  the  Quirinal  the  members  of  the  party 
were  conducted  to  the  throne  room,  where  a 
brief  reception  was  held.  Then  other  rooms, 
used  as  wards  for  wounded  soldiers,  were 
visited,  the  president  waving1  greetings  to  the 
men  as  he  passed.  It  was  explained  that  the 
palace  had  not  been  used  as  a  dwelling  by 
the  royal  family  since  the  beginning1  of  the 
war.  but  had  been  given  over  to  the  Red 

President  and  Mrs.  Wilson  later  took  lunch- 
eon with  the  royal  family  at  the  Villa  Sav9ia 
and  later  called  on  Dowag-er  Queen  Margherita 
and  the  duchess  of  Aosta.  On  his  return  to 
the  Quirinal  the  president  received  a  deputa- 
tion from  the  San  Luca  academy,  which  pre- 
sented him  with  a  diploma  of  honorary  mem- 
bership. 

Honored  by  Parliament. 

In  the  late  afternoon  the  president  arid 
Mrs.  Wilson  drove  to  the  parliament  building1. 
where  for  the  first  time  a  foreign  guest  was 
greeted  in  joint  session  by  the  senate  and 
chamber  of  deputies.  The  occasion  was  made 
notable  by  the  presence  in  the  tribune  of 
King1  Victor  Emmanuel  and  Queen  Elena,  the 
duchesa  of  Aosta.  the  duke  of  Genoa  and  mem- 
bers of  the  diplomatic  coups.  When  the  presi- 
dent entered  the  hall  he  was  cheered  for  fully 
five  minutes.  After  the  introductory  remarks 
by  the  presiding1  officer.  President  Wilson  spoke 

"Ybnr  M«ja&  and  Mr.  President  of  the 
Chamber:  You  are  bestowing1  upon  me  an  un- 
precedented honor  which  I  accept  because  I 
believe  that  it  is  extended  to  me  as  the  rep- 
resentative of  the  great  people  for  whom  I 
speak.  And  I  am  going  to  take  this  first  op- 
portunity to  say  how  entirely  the  heart  of 
the  American  people  has  been  with  the  great 
people  of  Italy. 

"We  have  seemed,  no  doubt,  indifferent  at 
times,  to  look  from  a  great  distance,  but  our 
hearts  have  never  been  far  away.  All  so-ts  of 
ties  have  long  bound  the  people  of  our  Amer- 
ica to  the  people  of  Italy,  and  when  the  peo- 
ple of  the  United  States,  knowing  this  people, 
have  witnessed  its  sufferings,  its  sacrifices,  its 
heroic  actions  upon  the  battle  field  and  its 
heroic  endurance  at  home—  its  steadfast  endur- 
ance at  home  touching  us  more  nearly  to  the 
quick  even,  than  its  heroic  action  on  the 
battle  field—  we  have  been  bound  by  a  new 
tie  of  profound  admiration 

"Then  back  of  it  all.  and  through  it  all. 
running  like  the  golden  thread  that  wove  it 
together,  was  our  knowledge  that  the  people 
of  Italy  had  gone  into  this  war  for  the  same 
exalted  principle  of  right  and  justice  that 
moved  our  own  people.  And  so  I  welcome  this 
opportunity  of  conveying1  to  you  the  heartfelt 
greetings  of  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

"But  we  cannot  stand  in  the  shadow  of  this 
war  without  knowing  there  are  things  which 
are  in  some  senses  more  difficult  than  those 
we  have  undertaken,  because,  while  it  is  easy 


to  speak  of  right  and  justice,  it  is  sometimes 
difficult  to  work  them  out  in  practice,  and 
there  will  be  required  a  purity  of  motives 
and  disinterestedness  of  object  which  the 
world  has  never  witnessed  before  in  the  coun- 
cils of  nations. 

"It  is  for  that  reason  that  it  seems  to  me 
you  will  forgive  me  if  I  lay  some  of  the 
elements  of  the  new  situation  before  you  for 
a  moment. 

"The  distinguishing  fact  of  this  war  is  that 
great  empires  have  gone  to  pieces.  And  the 
characteristics  of  those  empires  are  that  they 
held  different  peoples  reluctantly  together  un- 
der the  coercion  of  force  and  the  guidance 
of  intrigue. 

"The  great  difficulty  among  such  states  as 
those  of  the  Balkans  has  been  that  they  were 
always  accessible  to  secret  influence,  and  they 
were  always  being  penetrated  by  intrigue  of 
spme  sort  or  another;  that  north  of  them  lay 
disturbed  populations  which  were  held  together 
not  by  sympathy  and  friendship  but  by  the 
coercive  force  of  a  military  power. 

"Now  the  intrigue  is  checked  and  the  bands 
are  broken,  and  what  we  are  going  to  provide 
is  a  new  cement  to  hold  the  people  together. 
They  have  not  been  accustomed  to  being  in- 
dependent. They  must  now  be  independent. 

"I  am  sure  that  you  recognize  the  prin- 
ciple as  I  do — that  it  is  not  our  privilege  to 
say  what  sort  of  gpvernment  they  should  set 
up.  But  we  are  friends  of  those  people,  and 
it  is  our  duty  as  their  friends  to  see  to  it 
that  some  kind  of  protection  is  thrown  around 
them — something1  supplied  which  will  hold 
them  together. 

"There  is  only  one  thing1  that  holds  na- 
tions together,  if  you  exclude  force,  and  that 
is  friendship  and  good  will.  The  only  thing 
that  binds  men  together  is  friendship,  and  by 
the  same  token  the  only  thins1  that  binds  na- 
tions together  is  friendship.  Therefore,  our 
task  at  Paris  is  to  organize  the  friendship 
of  the  world — to  see  to  it  that  all  the  moral 
iorces  that  make  for  right  and  justice  and. 
liberty  are  united  and  are  given  a  vital  or- 
ganization to  which  the  peoples  of  the  world 
will  readily  and  gladly  respond. 

"In  other  words,  our  task  is  np  less  colos- 
sal than  this:  To  set  up  a  new  international 
psychology;  to  have  a  new  atmosphere. 

"I  am  happy  to  say  that  in  my  dealings 
with  the  distinguished  gentlemen  who  lead 
your  nation,  and  those  who  lead  France  and 
England.  I  feel  that  atmosphere  gathering, 
that  desire  to  do  justice,  that  desire  to  estab- 
lish friendliness,  that  desire  to  make  peace 
rest  upon  right,  and  with  this  common  pur- 
pose no  obstacles  need  be  formidable. 

"The  only  use  of  an  obstacle  is  to  be  over- 
come. All  that  an  obstacle  does  with  brave 
men  is  not  to  frighten  them,  but  to  challenge 
them.  So  that  it  ought  to  be  our  pride 
to  overcome  everything  that  stands  in  the 
way. 

"We  know  that  there  cannot  be*  another  bal- 
ance of  power.  That  has  been  tried  and 
lound  wanting,  for  the  best  of  all  reasons, 
that  it  does  not  stay  balanced  inside  itself, 
and  a  weight  which  does  not  hold  together 
cannot  constitute  a  make-weight  in  the  af- 
lairs  of  men. 

"Therefore  there  must  be  something  sub- 
stituted for  the  balance  of  power,  and  I  am 
happy  to  find  everywhere  in  the  air  of  these 
great  nations  the  conception  that  that  thing- 
must  be  a  thoroughly  united  league  of  na- 
tions. 

"What  men  once  considered  theoretical  and 
idealistic  turns  out  to  be  practical  and  neces- 
sary. We  stand  at  the  opening  of  a  new  age. 
in  which  a  new  statesmanship  will.  I  am  con- 
fident, lift  mankind  to  new  levels  of  endeavor 
and  achievements." 


278 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


State  Dinner  at  the  Quirinal. 

Early   in   the   evening:  President   Wilson,  was 

th«  enest   of  honor   at   an  official   state  dinner 

Sven  at  the  Quirinal.  at  which  two  addresses 

wJre   made-one   by    the   king    and   the    other 


'You    yourself.  JVir.  iresiueu*.  uavo  become 

«« 


vicissitudes 


an 

the   means    of    our    ^01^  brought  mt( 


the  common 


into 


.be 


awaite( 


torm   aw?0expression    alrpgst^  tangi ble    t o^tl 

«?l r^tirVp! 


PP: 
m 

peoples 
mor< 
mor 


intimate,  and    a    ^-operauuu      — duties  im 
Shaving     reconquered     the     confim 


o      a 
fitted 


to 


sins-le  circle   the  civilized  nations.    10 

of  creating  in  the  supreme  form 
uc  of  nations  the  conditions  most 
safeguard  and  protect  each  ones 

-iiaiy  and  America  entered  together  into 
the  war  through  a  rare  act  of  will:  they 
were  moved  by  the  purpose  to  concur  with 
all  their  energies  in  an  effort  'to  prevent  the 
Jomination  of  the  cult  of  force  in  the  world: 
they  were  moved  by  the  purpose  to  reaffirm  in 
the  scale  of  human  values  the  principles  of 
liberty  and  justice.  They  entered  into  war  to 
aonauer  the  powers  of  war.  Their  accomplish- 
ment is  still  unfinished,  and  the  common  work 
•nust  still  be  developed  with  firm  faith  and 


with   tenacious  constancy   for  the   purpose   of 
ffecting   the   security   of   peace. 
"I    lift    my    glass.    Mr.    President,    in    your 
onor    and    in    the    honor    of     Mrs.     Wilson, 
rhpse    gentle    presence    adds    charm    to    your 
visit;    I   drink    to    the   prosperity    and   to   the 
ontinued  and  increasing  prestig-e  of  the  great 
iimerican    nation." 
Replying,  President  Wilson  said: 
"Your   majesty.     I     have    been     very   much 
^uched  by  the  generous  terms  of  the  address 
on  have  just  read.     I  feel  it  would  be  dLffi- 
ult  for  me  to  make  a  worthy  reply,  and  yet 
f   I   could    speak   simply    the   things    that    are 
n  my  heart  I  am  sure  they  could  constitute 
n  adequate  reply. 

"I  had  occasion  at  the  parliament  this  aft- 
ernoon  to  speak  of  the  strong  sympathy  that 
had  sprung  up  between  the  United  States  and 
.taly  during  the  terrible  years  of  the  war,  but 
>erhrips  here  I  can  speak  more  intimately  and 
say  how  sincerely  the  people  of  the  United 
States  had  admired  your  own  course  and  your 
own  constant  association  with  the  armies  of 
[taly.  and  the  gracious  and  generous  and  serv- 
ing association  of  her  majesty  the  queen. 

"It  has  been  a  matter  of  pride  with  us  that 
so  many  Italians,  so  many  men  of  Latin 
origin,  were  in  our  own  armies  and  associated 
with  their  brethren  in  Italy  itself  in  the  great 
enterprise  of  freedom.  These  are  no  small 
matters,  and  they  complete  that  process  of  the 
welding  together  of  the  sympathies  of  nations 
which  has  been  going  on  so  long  between  our 
peoples. 

The  Italians  in  the  United  States  have  ex- 
cited a  particular  degree  of  admiration.  They, 
I  believe,  are  the  only  people  of  a  given  na- 
tionality who  have  been  careful  to  organize 
themselves  to  see  that  their  compatriots  com- 
ing to  America  were  from  month  to  month 
and  year  to  year  guided  to  places  in  industries 
most  suitable  to  their  previous  habits.  No 
other  nationality  has  taken  such  pains  as  that, 
and  in  serving  their  fellow  countrymen  they 
have  served  the  United  States,  because  these 
people  have  found  places  where  they  would 
be  most  useful  and  would  most  immediately 
earn  their  own  living  and  add  to  the  prosperi- 
ty of  the  country  itself. 

"In  every  way  we  have  been  happy  in  our 
association  at  home  and  abroad  with  the  peo- 
ple of  this  great  state.  I  was  saying  play- 
fully to  Premier  Orlando  and  Baron  Sonnino 
this  afternoon  that  in  trying  to  put  the  peo- 
ple of  the  world  under  their  proper  sover- 
eignties we  would  not  be  willing  to  part  with 
the  Italians  in  the  United  States  because  we 
too  much  value  the  contribution  that  they 
have  made,  not  only  to  the  industry  of  the 
United  States,  but  to  its  thought  and  to 
many  elements  of  its  life. 

"This  is.  therefore,  a  very  welcome  occa- 
sion upon  which  to  express  a  feeling  that 
goes  very  deep.  I  was  touched  the  other  day 
to  have  an  Italian,  a  very  plain  man,  say  to 
me  that  we  had  helped  to  feed  Italy  during 
the  war,  and  it  went  to  my  heart,  because 
we  had  been  able  to  do  so  little.  It  was  nec- 
essary for  us  to  use  our  tonnage  so  exclu- 
sively for  the  handling  of  troops  and  of  the 
supplies  that  had  to  follow  them  from  tne 


United  States  that  we  could  not  do  half  as 
much  as  it  was  our  desire  to  do  to  supply 
grain  to  this  country  or  coal  or  any  of  the 
supplies  which  it  so  much-  needed  during  the 
progress  of  the  war. 

"And.  knowing  as  we  did  in  this  indirect 
way  the  needs  of  the  country,  you  will  not 
wonder  that  we  were  moved  by  its  steadfast- 
ness. My  heart  goes  out  to  the  little  poor 
families  all  over  this  great  kingdom  who  stood 
the  brunt  and  the  strain  of  the  war  and  gave 
thfir  men  gladly  to  make  other  men  free  ana 
other  women  and  other  children  free.  These 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


279 


are  the  people  and  many  like  them  to  whom, 
after  all  we  owe  the  glory  of  this  great 
IcSevement,  and  I  want  to  join  with  you*, 
for  I  am  sure  of  joining  with  you,  in  ex- 
pressing my  profound  sympathy  not  only  but 
fnv  very  profound  admiration  as  well. 

•Itte  my  Privilege  and  honor  to  propose 
the  health  of  his  majesty  the  king  and  her 
mS?sty  the  queen  and  long  prosperity  to 

Made  Citizen  of  Rome.  ' 

After  the  dinner  at  the  Quirinal  ^resident 
and  Mrs  Wilson,  accompanied  by  the  king 

''iS4ou0  have  done  me  a  very  irreat  honor 
Perhaps  you  can  imagine  what  a  feeling  it 
£  for  a  citizen  of  one  of  the  newest  of  the 
CTeat  nations  to  be  made  a  citizen  of  this 
ancient  city.  It  is  a  distinction  which  I  am 
sure  you  are  conferring  upon  me  as  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  great  people  for  whom .  I 
Ipeak  One  who  has  been  a  student  of  hisr 
tory  cannot  accept  an  honor  of  this  sort 
without  having  his  memory  run  back .to 'the 
extraordinary^  series  jpf  events  *hich  have 

to-day  I  have  been 


changes  have  centered  about  Rome,  from  the 
time  when  from  a  little  city  she  grew  to 
be  mistxess  of  a  great  empire.  Change  after 
change  has  swept  away  many  things,  alterin 
the  very  form  of  her  affairs,  but  the  thing 
that  has  remained  permanent  has  been  the 
spirit  of  Rome  and  the  Italian  people.  That 
spirit  seems  to  have  caught  with  each  age 
the  characteristic  purpose  of  the  age. 

"This  imperial  people  now  gladly  presents 
the  freedom  of  nations.  This  people,  which  at 
one  time  seemed  to  conceive  the  purpose  ol 
governing  the  world,  now  takes  part  in  the 
liberal  enterprise  of  offering  the  world  its 
own  government.  Can  there  be  a.  finer  or 
more  impressive  illustration  of  the  indestruc- 
tible human  spirit  and  of  the  unconquerable 
spirit  of  liberty? 

"I  have  been  reflecting-  in  these  recent  days 
about  a  colossal  blunder  which  has  been 
made— the  blunder  of  force  by  the  central 
empires.  If  Germany  had  waited  a  single 
generation  she  would  have  had  a  commercial 
empire  of  the  world.  She  was  not  willing 
to  conquer  by  skill,  by  enterprise,  by  com- 
mercial success.  She  must  needs  attempt 
to  conquer  the  world  by  arms,  and  the  world 
will  always  acclaim  the  fact  that  it  is  im- 
possible to  conquer  by  arms;  that  the  only 
thing  that  conquers  it  is  the  sort  of  service 
which  can  be  rendered  in  trade,  in  inter- 
course, in  friendship,  and  that  there  is  no 
conquering  power  which  can  suppress  the 
freedom  of  the  human  spirit. 

"I  have  rejoiced  personally  in  the  partner- 
ship of  the  Italian  and  American  people, 
because  it  is  a  new  partnership  in  an  old 
enterprise,  an  enterprise  predestined  to  succeed 
wherever  it  is  undertaken — the  enterprise 
which  has  always  borne  that  handsome  name 
which  we  call  'liberty.'  Men  have  pursued 
it  sometimes  like  a  mirage  that  seemed  to 
elude  them,  that  seemed  to  run  before  them 
as  they  advanced,  but  never  have  they  flagged 
in  their  purpose  to  achieve  it,  and  I  believe 
I  am  not  deceived  in  supposing  that  in  this 
age  of  ours  they  are  nearer  to  it  than  they 
ever  were  before.  The  light  that  shone  upon 
the  summit  now  seems  to  shine  almost  at 
our  feet,  and  if  we  lose  it.  it  will  only  be 
because  we  have  lost  faith.  A  uraath  of 
hope  and  of  confidence  has  come  into  the 
hearts  and  minds  of  men. 


"I  would  not  have  felt  at  liberty  to  come 
away  from  America  if  I  had  not  felt  that 
the  time  had  arrived  when,  forgetting  local 
interests  and  local  ties  and  purposes,  men 
should  unite  in  this  great  enterprise  that  will 
ever  tie  free  men  together  as  a  body  of  breth- 
ren and  a  body  of  free  spirits. 

"I  am  honored,  sir.  to  be  taken  into  (tihis 
ancient  comradeship  of  the  citizenship  of 
Rome." 

At  the  Academy  of  the  Lincei. 

President  Wilson's  last  day  in  Rome.  Satur- 
day, Jan.  4,  was  devoted  to  visiting  the 
Pantheon,  where  wreaths  were  laid  on  the 
tombs  of  King  Victor  Emmanuel  II.  and  King 
Humbert,  to  an  address  before  the  Academy  of 
the  Lincei  and  to  a  visit  to  Pope  Benedict  XV. 
In  accepting  an  honorary  membership  in  the 
scientific  academy  Mr.  Wilson  said: 

"I  have  listened  with  the  profoundest  ap- 
preciation to  the  beautiful  address  which  you 
have  been  kind  enough  to  deliver,  and  I  want 
to  say  how  deeply  I  appreciate  the  honor  you 
have  conferred  upon,  me  in  permitting  me  to 
become  a  member  of  this  great  academy,  be- 
cause there  is  a  sense  in  which  the  con- 
tinuity of  human  thought  is  in  the  care  of 
bodies  like  this. 

"There  is  a  serenity,  a  long-  view  on  the 
part  of  science,  whioh  seems  to  be  of  no  age, 
but  to  ca'ry  human  thought  along  from  gen- 
eration to  generation,  freed  from  the  ele- 
ments of  passion.  Therefore  it  is,  I  dare  say, 
with  all  men  of  science  a  matter  of  profound 
regret  and  shame  that  science  should,  in  a 
nation  which  had  made  science  its  boast  have 
been  put  to  such  dishonorable  uses  in  the  re- 
cent war. 

'-Every  just  mind  must  condemn  those  who 
debased  the  studies  of  men  of  science  so  as 
to  use  them  agramst  humanity,  and,  therefore, 
it  .is  part  of  your  task  and  of  ours  to  reclaim 
science  from  this  diserace.  to  show  that  she  is 
devoted  to  the  advancement  and  interest  of 
n0t  -to  its  embaiTassments  and 


I  wish  very  much  that  I  could  believe  that 
JfWt>f«ln  S0m*  sense  a  worthy  representative 
of  the  men  of  science  of  the  United  States 
I  cannot  claim  to  be  in  any  proper  sense  a 
man  of  science.  My  studies  have  been  in  th! 
fitld  of  politics  all  my  life.  and.  while  politics 
may  by  courtesy  be  called  a  science  it  is  a 
science  which  is  often  practiced  without  rule 
and  is  ver*  hard  to  set  up  standards  for  so 
right  Ocourse1  SUPa  that  °ne  is  steerinS'  the 
"At.  ihe  same  time,  while  perhaps  there  i* 

JHSLftSF*  SB?. 
^9S^DM9'JS6ffSJSi& 

&sn  •arSL.'ssSi.1'  gss«to  ^IS? 

problem  of  politics  ia  to  satisfy  men  in  fhl 
arrangements  of  their  livesf  is  to  realise.  j&S 
them  so  far  as  possible,  the T  objects ^  which 
they  have  entertained  generation  after  Jen 

^fef^^^offin^oBaS11^^ 

K^a|%a^^iL      :>s 

.."ft  is  very  delightful  to  draw  apart  for  a 
little  while  into  this  quiet  place  and  feel 
again  that  familiar  touch  of  thought  and  of 
knowledge  which  it  has  been  my  privilege 
to  know  familiarly  through  so  great  a  part 
of  my  life.  If  I  have  come  out  on  a  more 
adventurous  and  disordered  stage.  I  hope  th?t 
[  have  not  lost  the  recollection  and  mavin 
Snm«  *»„*<>  be  assisted  by  councils  such 


At  the  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  the  Lin- 
cei the  president  and  Mrs.  Wilson  were  seated 
between  the  king  and  queen,  while  among  the 
others  present  were  members  of  the  diplomatic 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


corps  and  many  noted  Italian  officials  and  sci 
enlists. 

Received  at  the  Vatican. 
After  luncheon  at  the  American  embassy  the 
president  drove  to  the  Vatican,  accompanied 
by  Mgr.  Charles  O'Hearn.  rector  of  the  Ameri- 
can college  in,  Rome.  At  the  foot  of  the 
grand  staircase  leading1  tojthe  pontifical  apart- 
ment the  president  was  met  by  Mgr.  Canati. 
secretary  of  the  congregation  of  ceremonials, 
and  formally  welcomed,  after  which  they  pro- 
ceeded to  Clementine  hall,  where  at  the  head 
of  numerous  court  officials  the  pope  came  for- 
ward, holding-  out  his  hand.  A  conversation 
lasting:  twenty  minutes  followed,  after  which 
the  president  left  to  pay  a  visit  to  Cardinal 
Gasparri,  the  papal  secretary  of  state.  Later 
a  visit  was  made  to  the  American  Protestant 
Episcopal  church.  After  an  informal  dinner 
with  the  king-  and  queen  at  the  Quirinal  and 
another  call  at  the  Villa  Savoia.  President  and 
Mrs.  Wilson  left  Rome  at  9  o'clock  in  the 
evening-  on  the  return  trip  to  Paris  by  way  of 
Genoa.  Milan  and  Turin. 

Addresses  in  Genoa. 

Genoa  was  reached  early  the  next  morning 
in  the  midst  of  a  heavy  rain,  which,  however, 
aid  not  dampen  the  enthusiasm  of  the  people 
who  turned  out  in  large  numbers  to  greet  thn 
presidential  party  and  to  witness  the  various 
events  on  the  program  for  the  visit.  These 
included  the  placing-  by  the  president  of 
wreaths  on  the  Columbus  and  Mazzini  memo- 
rials and  the  acceptance  by  Mr.  Wilson  of  the 
honorary  citizenship  of  Genoa  in  the  munici- 
pal palace. 

In  an  address  at  the  Mazzini  monument 
President  Wilson  said: 

"I  am  very  much  moved.  «sir,  to  be  in  the 
presence  of  this  monument.  On  the  other  side 
of  the  water  we  have  studied  the  life  of  Maz- 
zini with  almost  as  much  pride  as  if  we 
shared  in  the  glory  of  his  history,  and  I  am 
very  glad  to  acknowledge  that  his  spirit  has 
been  handed  down  to  us  of  later  generation 
on  both  sides  of  the  water. 

"It  is  delightful  to  me  to  feel  that  I  am 
taking-  some  part  in  accomplishing-  the  real- 
ization of  the  ideals  to  which  his  life  and 
thought  were  devoted.  It  is  with  a  spirit  of 
veneration,  sir.  and  with  a  spirit,  I  hope,  of 
emulation,  that  I  stand  in  the  presence  of  this 
monument  and  bring-  my.  greetings  and  the 
greetings  of  America  with  our  homage  to  the 
great  Mazzini." 

In  accepting-  the  gift  of  Mazzini's  works 
from  the  municipality,  the  president  said: 

"Mr.  Mayor,  it  is  with  many  feelings  of  a 
very  deep  sort,  perhaps  too  deep  for  ade- 
quate expression,  that  I  find  myself  in  Genoa, 
which  is  a  natural  shrine  for  Americans.  The 
connections  of  America  with  Genoa  are  so 
many  and  so  significant  that  in  some  sense 
it  may  be  said  that  we  drew  our  life  and  be- 
ginnings from  this  city. 

"You  can  realize,  therefore,  sir.  with  what 
emotions  I  receive  the  honor  which  you  have 
so  generously  conferred  upon  me  in  the  citi- 
zenship of  this  great  city.  In  a  way,  it  seems 
natural  for  an  American  to  be  a  citizen  of 
Genoa,  and  I  shall  always  count  it  among  the 
most  delightful  associations  of  my  life  tha<t 
you  should  have  conferred  this  honor  upon 
me.  and  m  taking  away  this  beautiful  edi- 
T?nn°£  the  work-s  °?  Mazzini,  I  hope  that  I 
shall  derive  inspiration  from  this  volume  as 
.  already  have  derived  guidance  from  the 
pressed  Mazzini  -so  eloquently  ex- 

"It  is  delightful  to  feel  how  the  voice  of 
one  people  speaks  to  .another  through  the 
mouths  of  men  who  have  by  some  gift  of 
God  be^n  lifted  above  the  common  level,  and. 

!JS£^0r%thTes£   word,9    2*    your    P«n>net    and 
leader  will.  I  hope,  be  deeply  planted  in  the 


hearts  of  my  fellow  countrymen.  There  is 
already  planted  in  those  hearts,  sir.  a  very 
deep  and  genuine  affection  for  the  great 
Italian  people,  and  the  thoughts  of  my  own 
nation  turn  constantly,  as  we  read  our  his- 
tory, to  this  delightful  and  distinguished  city. 

"May  I  not  thank  you,  sir.  for  myself  and 
for  Mrs.  Wilson  and  for  my  daughter,  for  the 
very  gracious  welcome  you  have  accorded  us. 
and  express  my  pride  and  pleasure." 

The  president,  speaking  at  the  Columbus 
monument,  said : 

"Standing  in  front  of  this  monument,  sir.  I 
fully  recognize  the  significance  of  what  you 
have  said.  Columbus  did  do  a  service  to 
mankind  in  discovering  America,  and  it  is 
America's  pleasure  and  America's  pride  that 
she  has  been  able  to  show  that  it  was  a  serv- 
ice to  mankind  to  open  that  great  continent 
to  settlement,  the  settlement  of  a  free  peo- 
ple: of  a  people  who.  because  they  are  free, 
desire  to  see  other  people  free  and  to  share 
their  liberty  with  the  people  of  the  world. 

"It  is  for  this  reason,  no  doubt,  besides  his 
fine  spirit  of  adventure,  that  Columbus  will 
always  be  remembered  and  honored,  not  only 
here  in  the  land  of  his  birth,  but  throughout 
the  world,  as  the  man  who  led  the  way  to 
those  fields  of  freedom  which,  planted  with  a 
great  seed,  have  now  sprung1  up  to  the 
fructification  of  the  world.'* 

In  Mian. 

Prom  Genoa  the  presidential  party  proceeded 
to  Milan  the  same  day  and  here  the  scenes 
at  Rome  and  Genoa  were  repeated,  the  crowds 
being  so  dense  as  to  make  the  streets  and 
squares  almost  impassable.  On  his  arrival 
at  the  station,  where  he  was  met  by  a  wel- 
coming delegation,  the  president  said: 

"Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  You  make  my  heart 
very  warm,  indeed,  by  a  welcome  like  this, 
and  I  know  the  significance  of  this  sort  of 
welcome  in  Milan,  because  I  know  how  the 
hearts  of  Italy  and  of  the  Italian  people 
beat  strong  here.  It  is  delightful  to  feel 
how  our  thoughts  have  turned  toward  you. 
from  not  a  new  but  an  ancient  friendship, 
because  the  American  people  have  long  felt 
the  pulse  of  Italy  beat  with  their  pulse,  with 
desire  for  freedom. 

'We  have  been  students  of  your  history. 
We  know  the  vicissitudes  and  struggles 
through  which  you  have  passed.  We  know 
that  no  nation  has  more  steadfastly  held  to 
a  single  course  of  freedom  in  its  desires  and 
its  efforts  than  have  the  people  of  Italy,  and 
therefore  I  come  to  this  place,  where  the 
life  of  Italy  seems  to  beat  so  strong,  with 
a  peculiar  gratification. 

'I  feel  that  I  am  privileged  to  come  into 
contact  with  you.  and  I  want  you  to  know 
how  the  words  I  am  uttering  of  sympathy 
and  of  friendship  are  not  my  own  alone,  but 
thev  are  the  words  of  -the  people  whom  I 
represent. 

"I  was  saying  a  little  while  ago  at  the 
monument  of  Columbus  that  he  did  a  great 
thing,  greater  than  was  ever  realized  at  the 
time  it  was  done.  He  discovered  a  new  con- 
tinent not  only,  but  he  opened  it  to  the 
hildren  of  freedom,  and  these  children  are 
now  privileged  to  come  back  to  their  mother 
and  to  assist  her  in  the  high  enterprise  upon 
which  her  heart  has  always  been  set.  It  is 
therefore  with  the  deepest  gratification  that 
[  find  myself  here  and  thank  you  for  your 
generous  welcome." 

In  the  city  hall,  where  the  freedom  of  the 
city  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  mayor, 
he  president  said: 

"May   I  not   say   to  you   as  the  representa- 

ive   of   this  great   city   that   it   is  impossible 

or   me   to   put   into   words   the  impressions  I 

have  received  to-day.     The  overwhelming1  wel- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB    1920. 


281 


come  the  spontaneous  welcome,  so  evidently 
coming  from  the  heart,  has  been  profoundly 
moving-  to  me,  sir.  and  I  have  not  failed 
to  see  the  significance  of  that  welcome.  You 
have  yourself  referred  to  it. 

"I  am  as  keenly  aware.  I  believe,  sir.  as 
anybody  can  be  that  the  social  structure  rests 
upon  the  great  working-  classes  of  the  world 
and  that  those  working-  classes  in  several 
countries  of  the  world  have  by  their  con- 
sciousness of  community  of  interest,  by  their 
consciousness  of  community  of  spirit,  done 
perhaps  more  than  any  other  influence  has  to 
es'ablish  a  world  opinion  which  is  not  of  a 
nation,  which  is  not  of  a  continent,  but  is 

ihe  opinion,  one  might  say,  of  mankind;  and 
am  aware,  sir,  that  those  of  us  now  charged 
with  the  very  great  and  serious  responsibility 
of  concluding  peace  must  think,  act  and  confer 
in  the  presence  of  this  opinion — that  we  are 
not  masters  of  the  fortunes  of  any  nation.,  but 
are  the  servants  of  mankind:  that  it  is 
not  our  privilege  to  follow  special  interests, 
but  it  is  our  manifest  duty  to  study  only  the 
g-eneral  interest. 

"This  is  a  solemn  thing,  sir,  and  here  in 
Milan,  where  I  know  so  much  of  the  pulse 
of  international  sympathy  beats,  I  am  glad  to 
stand  up  and  say  that  I  believe  that  that 
pulse  beats  aleo  in  my  own  veins  and  that  I 
am  not  thinking  of  a  particular  settlement. 

'/I  am  very  much  touched  to-day,  sir,  to  re- 
ceive at  the  hands  of  the  wounded  soldiers 
a  memorial  in  favor  of  a  league  of  nations  and 
to  be  told  by  them  that  it  was  that  they  had 
fought  fon— not  meroly  to  win  this  war.  but 
tc  secure  something  beyond,  some  guaranty  of 
justice,  some  equilibrium  for  the  world  as  a 
whole,  which  would  make  it  certain  that  they 
would  never  have  to  fight  a  war  like  this 
again. 

"This  is  an  added  obligation  upon  us  who 
make  peace.  We  cannot  merely  sign  a  treaty  of 
_peace  and.  go  home  with  a  clear  conscience. 


May  I  suggest  that  this  is  a  great  deal  in  my 

"The  world  is  not  going-  to  consist  of  great 
smpireg.  It  is  going-  to  consist  for  the  most 
>art  of  small  nations  apparently,  and  the  only 
hing  that  can  bind  small  nations  together -if 
he  knowledge  that  each  wants  to  treat  the 
others  fairly.  That  is  the  only  thing.  The 
world  has  already  shown  that  its  progress  is 
ndustrial.  You  cannot  trade  with  people 
whom  you  do  not  trust  and  who  do  not  trust 

7 ^Confidence  is  the  basis  of  everything  that 
we  must  do.  and  it  is  a  delightful  feeling  that 
hese  ideals  are  sustained  by  the  people  of 
itSy  and  by  a  wonderful  body  of  people  such 
as  vou  have  in  the  great  city  of  Milan.  It  is 
™HV,  a  sense  of  added  encouragement  and 

of  'yoS  Confidence,    and    I    ^uld^hke^o 
express    to_  you     fc_^fc2J.  whO  have  suffered 


iiy  sig 
i  clea 
j.  We 


We  must  do  something  more.  We  must  add  so" 
far  as  we  can  the  security  which  suffering  men 
everywhere  demand. 

"And  when  I  speak  of  suffering-  men  I 
think  also  of  suffering  women.  I  know  that, 
splendid  as  have  been  the  achievements  of 
your  armies  and  tremendous  as  have  been  the 
sacrifices  which  they  have  made  and  great  the 
glory  which  they  have  achieved,  the  real  hard 
pressure  of  the  burden  came  upon  the  women 
at  home,  whose  men  had  gone  to  the  front, 
and  who  were  willing  to  have  them  stay  there 
until  the  battle  was  fought  out.  And  I  have 
heard  from  your  minister  of  food  the  story 
how,  for  days  together,  there  would  be  no 
bread.  And  when  they  knew  that  there  was 
no  bread  the  spirit  of  the  people  did  not  flag 

"I  take  off  my  hat  to  the  great  people  o: 
Italy  and  tell  them  that  my  admiration  is 
merged  into  friendship  and  affection.  It  is 
in  this  spirit  that  I  receive  your  courtesy, 
sir,  and  thank  you  from  the  bottom  of  my 
heart  for  this  unprecedented  reception  which 
I  have  received  at  the  hands  of  your  gener 
OU9  people." 

From  the  city  hall  the  president  was  taken 
to  the  royal  palace,  where  he  received  and 
replied  to  addresses  from  various  delegations 
To  a  large  delegation  of  citizens  Mr.  Wilson 
said: 

"I  cannot  tell  you  how  much  eomplimentec 
I  am  by  your  coming  in  person  to  give  thi 
greeting.  I  have  never  known  such  a  greeting 
as  the  -people  of  Milan  have  given  on  thf 
streets.  It  has  brought  tears  to  my  eyes,  be 
cause  I  know  that  it  comes  from  their  hearts 

"I   can    see  in   their  faces   the    same    thing: 

fhat  I  feel  toward  them,  and  I  know  that  i 
s  an  impulse  of  their  friendship  toward  th< 
nation  I  represent,  as  well  as  a  gracious  wel 
come  to  myself.  I  want  to  re-echo  the  hopf 
that  we  may  all  work  together  for  a  grea 
peace  as  distinguished  from  a  mean  peace 


^°rn  Salman:  Asaln  you  ha™  been  very 

but  we  have  a  single  sentiment  in  this  war 
and  a  single  sentiment  in  the  peace  and  in 
that  sentiment  lies  our  feeling  toward  those 
with  whom  we  have  been  associated  in  the 
great  Struggle.  At  first  the  struggle  seemed 
to  be  a  natural  resistance  to  an  aggressive 
force,  but  as  the  consciousness  of  the  nation 
grew  it  became  more  and  more  apparent  that 
in  the  aggression  of  the  central  empires  was 
the  spirit  of  militarism,  the  spirit  of  autoc- 
racy, the  spirit  of  force,  and  asrainst  that 
spirit  there  arose,  as  always  in  the  past,  the 
spirit  of  liberty  and  justice. 

"Force  can  always  be  conauered,  but  the 
spirit  of  liberty  can  never  be.  and  the  beauti- 
ful circumstance  about  the  history  of  liberty 
is  that  its  champions  have  always  shown  the 
power  of  self-sacrifice.  They  have  always 
been  willing  to  subordinate  their  personal  in- 
terests to  the  common  good  and  have  not 
wished  to  dominate  their  fellow  men.  but 
have  wished  to  serve  them.  This  is  what 
gives  imperishable  victory,  and  with  that  vic- 
tory have  come  about  things  that  are  exempli- 
fied in  scenes  like  this—  the  coming  together 
of  the  hearts  of  nations  and  the  sympathy 
of  great  bodies  of  people  who  do  not  speak 


282 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


the  same  vocabulary,  but  speak  the  same 
ideas.  I  am  heartened  by  this  delightful  ex- 
perience and  hope  that  you  will  accept  not 
only  many  thanks  for  myself  and  for  those 
who  are  with  me.  but  thanks  on  behalf  of 
the  American  people." 

Leaving1  the  royal  palace  the  president  and 
his  escort  went  to  La  Scala.  where  he  dined 
and  attended  the  opera.  Speaking  from  the 
balcony  of  La  Scala,  Mr.  Wilson  said: 

"I  wish  I  could  take  you  all  to  some  place 
where  a  similar  body  of  my  fellow  countrymen 
could  show  their  heart  toward  you  as  you 
have  shown  me  your  heart  toward  them,  be- 
cause  the  heart  of  America  has  'gone  out  to 
tha  heart  of  Italy.  We  have  been  watchful  of 
your  heroic  struggle  and  of  your  heroic  suf- 
fering. and  it  has  been  our  joy  in  these  re- 
cent days  to  be  associated  with  you  in  the  vic- 
tory which  has  liberated  Italy  and  liberated 
the  world.  Viva  Italy." 

While  the  president  was  at  the  royal  palace 
the  great  square  before  the  cathedral  was  so 
packed  with  'humanity  that  *he  cathedral  had 
ts  be  closed.  Wherever  Mr.  Wilson  went  it 
was  the  same.  The  crowds  were  so  great  that 
his  car  could  hardly  get  through.  It  was  one 
of  iho  most  strenuous  days  of  his  trip,  and  at 
its  close  he  was  evidently  much  fatigued. 

In  Turin. 

In  Turin,  which  was  reached  the  follow- 
ing day,  Monday.  Jan.  6.  the  president  was 
received  with  the  same  tumultuous  enthusi- 
asm as  in  the  other  Italian  cities  visited.  One 
of  the  features  of  his  visit  here  was  the 
gathering  of  more  than  1.000  mayors  from 
the  cities  and  towns  of  Piedmont  to  greet 
him.  They  passed  before  Mr.  Wilson  in  a 
long  line  and  each  received  a  smile  and  a 
handclasp.  Each  of  the  mayors  wore  a  sash 
of  the  national  colors. 

Responding  to  an  address  of  welcome  by 
the  mayor  of  Turin  at  a  luncheon.  President 
Wilson  said: 

"Your  Excellency  and  Fellow  Citizens:  You 
show  your  welcome  in  many  delightful  ways. 
and  in  no  more  delightful  way  than  in  which 
you  have  shown  it  to-day.  The  words  which 
the  mayor  has  uttered  have  touched  me  very 
much,  and  I  have  been  both  touched  and 
stimulated  by  the  words  which  the  signor  has 
so  kindly  uttered  in  behalf  of  the  govern- 
ment of  this  great  kingdom. 

"It  is  very  delightful  to  feel  my  associa- 
tion with  that  government  and  with  this 
city,  and  I  know  how  much  and  with  what 
vitality  Italian  effort  comes  out  of  this  great 
center  of  industry  and  thought.  As  I  passed 
through  your  streets  I  had  this  sensation,  a 
sensation  which  I  have  often  had  in  my  own 
dear  country  at  home,  a  sensation  of  friend- 
ship and  of  close  sympathetic  contact.  I  could 
have  believed  myself  in  an  American  city.  I 
felt  more  than  that:  I  felt  what  I  have  also 
felt  at  home,  that  the  real  blood  of  the  re- 
public flowed  in  the  veins  of  these  plain 
people  who  more  than  some  of  the  rest  of 
us  have  borne  the  stress  and  burden  of  war. 

"Think  of  the  price  at  which  you  and  at 
which  I  have  purchased  the  victory  which  we 
have  won!  Think  of  the  price  of  blood  and 
treasure  not  only,  but  the  price  of  tears  and 
the  price  of  hunger  on  the  part  of  little  chil- 
dren, of  the  hopes  delayed  or  the  dismayed 
prospects  that  bore  heavily  upon  the  homes. 
Those  of  us  who  plan  battles  and  those  of 
us  who  conceive  political  movements  do  not 
bear  the  burden  of  them.  We  direct,  and  the 
others  execute.  We  plan,  and  the  others  per- 
form, and  the  conquest  of  spirit  is  greater 
than  the  conquest  of  arms. 


"These    are    the   peonle    that   never    let 


go. 

day 


They  say  nothing.  They  live  merely  from  day 
to  day.  determined  that  the  glory  of  Italy  or 
that  the  glory  of  the  United  States  shall  not 
depart  from  her. 


cannot  trade  with  a  man 

!•  its  Hold,   and   therefore   the 
* 


to  a 

to   continue  it       We  can   start  the  peare    but 

m  if  yfi?r  !duty  to  continue  it.     We  can  onYv 

And  so  it  is  very  delightful  to  me  to  stand 
in  this  company  and  feel  that  we  arp  not 
foreigners  to  each  other.  We  think  the  sa™e 
thoughts,  we  entertain  the  samT  purposes 
we  have  the  same  ideals,  and  this  war  ha? 
done  this  inestimable  service—  it  has  brou#h< 
f£6t  Cations  into  close  and  vital  contact  so 
that  they  feel  the  pulses  that  are  in  each 
other  and  so  that  they  know  the  purposes 
by  which  each  is  animated. 

"We  know  in  America  a  great  deal  about 
Italy  because  we  have  so  many  Italians.  Fel- 
low citizens,  when  Baron  Sonnino  was  argu- 
ing the  other  day  for  the  extension  of  the 
sovereignty  of  Italy  over  the  Italian  popula- 
tions I  said  to  him  that  I  was  sorry  we  could 
not  let  you  have  New  York,  which.  I  under- 
stand. is  the  greatest  Italian  city  in  the  world 
I  am  told  that  there  are  more  Italians  in 
New  York  city  than  in  any  city  in  Italy  and 
I  am  proud  to  be  president  of  a  nation  which 
contains  so  large  an  element  of  the  Italian 
race,  because  as  a  student  of  literature  I 
know  the  genius  that  has  originated  in  this 
great  nation,  the  genius  of  thought  and  of 
aoetry,  of  philosophy  and  of  music.  I  am 
happy  to  be  a  part  of  the  nation  which  is 
enriched  and  made  better  by  the  introduc- 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


tion  of  such  elements  of  genius  and  inspira- 

ll°May  I  not  again  thank  the  representatives 
of   this   great   city   and  the  representatives   ( 
the    government    for    the    welcome    they    have 
given  me    and  say  again— for  I  cannot  say  it 


-Mr  ""  Mayor:      Both   on  the  streets  of   this 
interesting  city   and  ^here^ou^  ^je^ma dew™| 

the  people  whom  ^J6^^^'  states  were  re- 

• 

^SVfi£KS^»3 


therefore 


thank  you  for 


rf 


to  "me?  and  I  am  Particularly  honored  that 
this  distinguished  tiniversity  should  have  re- 
ceived me  amongr  its  sons.  It  will  always 
be  a  matter  of  pride  with  me  to  remember 
this  association  and  the  very  generous  words 
in  which  these  honors  have  been  conferred 

"When  'l  think  seriously  of  the  significance 
of  a  ceremony  like  this,  some  very  interesting 
reflections  come  to  my  mind,  because,  after 
all.  the  comradeship  of  letters,  the  intercom- 
munications of  thought,  are  among  the  per- 
manent things  of  the  world. 


"There  was  a  time  when  scholars,  speak- 
ng  in  the  beautiful  language  in  which  the 
ast  address  was  made,  were  the  only  inter- 
national characters  of  the  world:  the  time 
was  when  there  was  only  one  international 
community,  the  community  of  scholars.  As 
ability  to  read  and  write  was  extended,  inter- 
national intercommunication  has  extended.  But 
one  permanent  common  possession  has  re- 
mained, and  that  is  the  validity  of  sound 
thinking.  When  men  have  thought  along  the 
lines  of  philosophy,  have  had  revealed  to 
them  the  visions  of  poetry,  have  worked  out 
n  their  studies  the  permanent  lines  of  law. 
have  realized  the  great  impulses  of  humanity, 
they  then  begin  to  advance  the  human  web 
which  no  power  can  permanently  tear  and 

"And  so  in  being-  taken  into  the  comrade- 
ship of  this  university  I  feel  that  I  am  be- 
ing taken  into  one  of  those  things  which  will 
always  bind  the  nations  together.  After  all. 
when  we  are  seeking-  peace,  we  are  seeking 
nothing  else  than  this,  that  men  shall  think 
the  same  thoughts,  govern  their  conduct  by 
the  same  impulse,  entertain  the  same  pur- 
poses, love  their  own  people,  but  also  love 
humanity  and.  above  all  else,  love  that  erreat 
and  indestructible  thing  which  we  call  jus- 
tice and  right. 

'These  things  are  greater  than  we  are. 
These  are  our  real  masters,  for  they  domi- 
nate our  spirits,  and  the  universities  will  have 
forgotten  their  duty  when  they  cease  to  weave 
this  immortal  web.  It  is  one  of  the  chief 
griefs  of  this  great  war  that  the  universities 
of  the  central  empires  used  the  thoughts  of 
science  to  destroy  mankind. 

"It  is  the  duty  of  the  great  universities  of 
Itaiy  and  of  the  rest  of  the  world  to  rpdeem 
science  from  this  disgrace,  to  show  that  the 
pulse  of  humanity  also  beats  in  the  class- 
room, that  the  pulse  of  humanity  also  beats  in 
the  laboratory,  and  that  there  are  sought  out. 
not  the  secrets  of  death,  but  the  secrets  of 
life" 

Speaking  from  the  balcony  of  the  Philhar- 
monic hall  the  president  said: 

"It  is  very  delightful  to  feel  your  friend- 
ship, given  so  cordially  and  so  graciously,  and 
I  hope  with  all  my  heart  that  in  the  peace 
that  is  now  about  to  be  concluded  Italy  may 
find  her  happiness  and  her  prosperity.  I  am 
sure  that  I  am  only  speaking  the  sentiments 
that  come  from  the  heart  of  the  American 
people  when  I  say,  'Viva  Italia!'" 

The  hours  spent  in  Turin  practically  con- 
cluded President  Wilson's  Italian  trip,  which 
had  been  in  the  nature  of  a  triumphal  proces- 
sion from  start  to  finish  The  next  morning. 
Jan  7.  found  the  American  executive  back  in 
P.iris.  ready  to  resume  his  work  in  the  peace 
conference. 

VARIOUS  SPEECHES  IN  PARIS. 

From  this  time  on  President  Wilson  was 
constantly  occepied  with  conferences  and 
meetings  with  the  other  delegates  engaged  in 
the  arduous  ar.d  complicated  work  of  framing 
the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations  and 
other  important  features  of  the  treaty  of 
peace  with  Germany.  On  a  number  of  occasions, 
however,  he  made  several  public  addresses 
bearing  upon  but  not  directly  connected  with 
the  framing  of  the  peace  treaty.  These  are 
given  herewith  in  the  order  in  which  they 
were  delivered. 

Before  the  French  Senate. 

President  Wilson  was  the  giiest  of  honor 
at  a  luncheon  given  him  by  the  French  sen- 
ate in  the  palace  of  Luxembourg.  Paris,  on 
Jan.  20,  1919.  In  his  address  of  welcome 
Antonin  Dubast.  president  of  the  senate,  said: 

"We  welcome  here,  Mr.  President,  you  and 
your  ideas.  Nowhere  could  your  splendid 
ambition  to  substitute  for  the  periodically 
broken  equilibrium  of  material  forces  the  def- 
inite award  of  moral  forces  elicit  more  en- 


284 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


thusiasm  than  in  France  and  nowhere  more 
than  in  the  senate  since  the  statute  of  inter- 
national  peace  has  been  first  of  all  and  for 
a  loner  time  prepared  by  some  of  its  most 
eminent  members. 

"Our  national  problem  consists,  therefore, 
in  combining-  our  European  past  and  our 
actual  material  security  with  the  conditions 
of  the  new  order  for  which  you  have  given 
so  noble  a  formula,  because  this  new  order 
will  ever  have  to  lean  on  some  force  for 
which  France  will,  when  all  is  told,  stand  the 
most  advanced  and  exposed  sentinel." 

In  his   response  President  Wilson   said: 

"We  know  the  loner  period  of  peril  through 
which  France  has  gone.  France  thought  us 
remote  in  comprehension  and  sympathy,  and 
I  dare  say  there  were  times  when  we  did 
not  comprehend,  as  you  comprehended,  the 
stood61"  m  the  presence  of  which  the  world 

''I  'fully  understand,  sir.  that  throughout 
these  tryiner  years,  when  mankind  has  waited 
for  the  catastrophe,  the  anxiety  of  France 
must  have  been  the  deepest  and  most  constant 
of  all.  for  she  did  stand  at  the  frontier  of 
freedom.  She  had  carved  out  her  own  for- 
tunes through  a  long  period  of  eager  strug- 
gle. She  had  done  great  things  in  building 
up  a  great  new  France. 

"And  just  across  the  border,  separated  from 
her  only  by  a  few  fortifications  and  a  little 
country  whose  neutrality,  it  has  turned  out. 
the  enemy  did  not  respect,  lay  the  shadow 
cast  by  the  cloud  which  enveloped  Germany, 
the  cloud  of  intrigue,  the  cloud  of  dark  pur- 
pose, the  cloud  of  sinister  design.  This 
shadow  lay  at  the  very  borders  of  France. 

"And  yet  it  is  fine  to  remember  here  that 
for  France  this  was  not  only  a  peril  but  a 
challenge.  France  did  not  tremble.  France 
Quietly  and  in  her  own  way  prepared  her  sons 
for  the  struggle  that  was  coming.  She  never 
took  the  initiative  or  did  a  single  thing  that 
was  aggressive.  She  had  prepared  herself  for 
defense,  not  in  order  to  impose  her  will  upon 
other  people.  She  had  prepared  herself  that 
no  other  people  might  impose  its  will  upon 
her. 

"As  I  stand  with  you  and  as  I  mix  with  the 
delightful  people  of  this  country  I  see  this  is 
their  thought:  'America  always  was  our 
friend.  Now  she  understands.  Now  she  com- 
prehends, and  now  she  has  come  to  bring  us 
this  message:  and  that,  understanding,  she  will 
always  be  ready  to  help.'  And  while,  as  you 
say.  sir,  this  danger  may  prove  to  be  a  con- 
tinuing danger,  while  it  is  true  that  France 
will  always  be  nearest  this  threat,  if  we  can- 
not turn  it  from  a  threat  into  a  promise,  there 
are  many  elements  that  ought  to  reassure 
France. 

"There  is  a  new  awakened  world.  It  is  not 
ahead  of  us.  but  around  us.  It  knows  that 
its  dearest  interests  are  involved  in  its  stand- 
ing together  for  a  common  purpose.  It  knows 
that  the  peril  of  France,  if  it  continues,  will 
be  the  peril  of  the  world.  It  knows  that 
not  only  France  must  organize  against  this 
peril,  but  that  the  world  must  organize 
against  it. 

"So  I  see  in  these  welcomes  not  only  hos- 
pitality, not  only  kindness,  not  only  hope,  but 
a  purpose,  a  definite,  clearly  defined  purpose, 
that  men.  understanding  one  another,  must 
now  support  one  another,  and  that  all  the 
sons  of  freedom  are  under  a  common  oath  to 
see  that  freedom  never  suffers  this  danger 
again.  That,  to  my  mind,  is  the  impressive 
element  of  this  welcome.  I  know  how  much 
of  it.  sir.  and  I  know  how  little  of  it  to  ap- 
propriate to  myself. 

"I  know  that  I  have  the  very  distinguished 
honor  to  represent  a  nation  whose  heart  is 
in  this  business  and  I  am  proud  to  speak 
for  the  people  whom  I  represent.  But  I 
know  that  you  honor  me  in  a  representative 
capacity.  I  delight  in  this  welcome,  there- 
fore, as  if  I  had  brought  the  people  of  the 


United  States  with 
in  your  faces  what 
welcome  and  affection. 


5    and    they    could    see 
see   in   the   tokens    of 


he  sum  of  the  whole  matter  is  that 
France  has  earned  and  has  won  the  brother- 
hood of  the  world.  She  stood  at  the  chief 
post  of  danger,  and  the  thoughts  of  man- 
kind and-  her  brothers  everywhere,  her  broth- 
ers in  freedom,  turn  to  her  and  center  upon 
her.  If  this  be  true,  as  I  believe  it  to  be. 
France  is  fortunate  to  have  suffered.  She  is 
fortunate  to  have  proved  her  mettle  as  one 
of  the  champions  of  liberty,  and  she  has  tied 
to  herself,  once  and  for  all.  those  who  love 
freedom  and  truly  believe  in  the  progress  and 
rights  of  man." 

To   "French    "Women. 

Speaking  to  a,  delegation  of  French  women 
who  called  upon  him  at  the  Villa  Murat  Jan. 
25  to  urge  upon  him  the  inclusion  of  woman 
suffrage  in  the  peace  conference  program. 
President  Wilson  said: 

"Mdlle.  Thomson  and  Ladies:  You  have  not 
only  done  me  a  great  honor  but  you  have 
touched  me  very  much  by  this  unexpected 
tribute.  And  may  I  add  that  you  have  fright- 
ened me.  because,  realizing  the  great  confi- 
dence you  place  in  me.  I  am  led  to  the  ques- 
tion of  my  own  ability  to  justify  that  con- 
fidence ? 

"You  have  not  placed  your  confidence 
wrongly  in  my  hopes  and  purposes,  but  per- 
haps not  all  of  those  hopes  and  purposes  can 
be  realized  in  the  great  matter  that  you  have 
so  much  at  heart — the  right  of  women  to 
take  their  full  share  in  the  political  life  of 
the  nations  to  which  they  belong. 

"That  is  necessarily  a  domestic  question  for 
the  several  nations.  A  conference  of  peace 
settling  the  relations  of  nations  with  each 
other  would  be  regarded  as  going  very  much 
outside  its  province  if  it  undertook  to  dictate 
to  the  several  states  what  their  internal  pol- 
icy should  be. 

"At  the  same  time  these  considerations  ap- 
ply also  to  the  conditions  of  labor,  and  it 
does  not  seem  to  be  unlikely  that  the  con- 
ference will  take  some  action  by  way  of  ex- 
pressing its  sentiments,  at  any  rate  with  re- 
gard to  the  international  aspects  at  least  of 
labor,  and  I  should  hope  that  some  occasion 
might  be  offered  for  the  case,  not  only  of 
the  women  of  France  but  of  their  sisters  all 
over  the  world,  to  be  presented  to  the  con- 
sideration of  the  conference. 

"The  conference  is  turning  out  to  be  a 
rather  unwieldy  body,  a  very  large  body  rep- 
resenting a  great  many  nations,  large  and 
small,  old  and  new.  and  the  method  of  or- 
g-inizingr  its  work  successfully,  I  am  afraid, 
will  have  to  be  worked  out  stage  by  stage. 
Therefore.  I  have  no  confident  prediction  to 
mako  as  to  the  way  in  which  it  can  take 
up  questions  of  this  sort. 

But  what  I  have  most  at  heart  to-day  is 
to  avail  myself  of  this  opportunity  to  express 
my  admiration  for  the  women  of  France  and 
my  admiration  for  the  women  of  all  the  na- 
tions that  have  been  ensraered  in  the  war. 
By  the  fortunes  of  this  war  the  chief 
burden  has  fallen  upon  the  women  of  France, 
and  they  have  borne  it  with  a  spirit  and  a 
devotion  which  has  commanded  the  admira- 
tion of  the  world. 

I  do  net  think  that  the  people  of  France 
fully  realize,  perhaps,  the  intensity  of  the 
sympathy  that  other  nations  have  felt  for 
them.  They  think  of  us  in  America,  for  ex- 
ample, as  a  long  way  off.  And  we  are  in 
space,  but  we  are  not  in  thoxight.  You  must 
remember  that  the  United  States  is  made  up 
of  the  nations  of  Europe:  that  French  sym- 
pathies run  straight  across  the  seas,  not  mere- 
ly by  historic  association,  but  by  blood  con- 
nection and  that  these  nerves  of  sympathy 
are  quick  to  transmit  the  impulses  of 
the  one  nation  to  the  other. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


285 


"We  have  followed  your  suffering's  with  a 
feeling1  that  we  were  witnessing1  one  of  the 
most  heroic  and.  may  I  add  at  the  same 
time,  satisfactory  things  in  the  world — 
satisfactory,  because  it  showed  the  strength  of 
the  human  spirit,  the  indomitable  power  of 
women  and  men  alike  to  sustain  any  burden 
if  the  cause  is  great  enough. 

"In  an  ordinary  war  there  might  have  been 
some  shrinking,  some  sinking  of  efttft;  but 
this  was  not  an  ordinary  war.  This  was  a 
war  not  only  to  redeem  France  from  an  enemy 
but  to  redeem  the  world  from  an  enemy. 
And  France,  therefore,  and  the  women  of 
France  strained  their  hearts  to  sustain  the 
world.  I  hope  that  the  strain  has  not  been 
in  vain.  I  know  that  it  has  not  been  in  vain. 

"This  war  has  been"  popular  and  unlike  other 
•wars,  in  that  it  seemed  some  time  as  if  the 
chief  strain  was  behind  the  lines  and  not  at 
the  lines.  It  took  so  many  men  to  conduct 
the  war  that  the  older  men  and  the  women 
at  home  had  to  carry  the  nation.  Not  only 
so.  but  the  industries  of  the  nation  were  al- 
most as  much  a  part  of  the  fighting1  as  the 
things  that  took  place  at  the  fronts. 

"So  it  is  for  that  reason  that  I  have  said 
to  those  with  whom  I  am  at  present  associ- 
ated that  this  must  be  a  people's  peace,  be- 
cause this  was  a  people's  war.  The  people 
won  this  war.  not  the  governments,  and  the 
people  must  reap  the  benefits  of  the  war. 
At  every  turn  we  must  see  to  it  that  it  is 
not  an  adjustment  between  governments 
merely,  but  an  agreement  for  the  peace  and 
security  of  men  and  women  everywhere. 

"The  fittle  obscure  sufferings  and  the  daily 
Unknown  privations,  the  unspoken  sufferings 
of  the  heart,  are  the  tragical  things  of  this 
war.  They  have  been  borne  at  home,  and  the 
center  of  the  home  is  the  woman.  My  heart 
goes  out  to  you.  therefore,  ladies,  in  a  very 
unusual  degree,  and  I  welcome  this  opportu- 
nity to  bring  you  this  message,  not  from  my- 
self merely,  but  from  the  great  people  whom 
I  represent." 

In  French  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

In  an  address  before  the  French  chamber  of 
deputies  in  Paris  Feb.  3.  1919,  President  Wil- 
son said: 

"I  am  keenly  aware  of  the  unusual  and 
distinguished  honor  you  are  paying  me  by 
permitting  me  to  meet  you  in  this  place  and 
to  address  you  from  this  historic  platform. 

"Indeed,  sir.  as  day  has  followed  day  and 
•week  has  followed  week  in  this  hospitable 
land  of  France  I  have  felt  the  sense  of  com- 
radeship ever  become  more  and  more  inti- 
mate, -and  it  has  seemed  to  me  that  the 
making  of  history  was  becoming  singularly 

"We  knew  before  this  war  began  that 
France  and  America  "were  united  in  affection. 
We  knew  the  occasions  which  drew  the  two 
nations  together  in  the  years,  which  now  seem 
so  far  away,  when  the  world  was  first  be- 
ginning to  thrill  with  the  impulse  of  human 
liberty,  when  the  soldiers  of  France  came  to 
help  the  struggling  little  republic  of  America 
to  get  on  its  feet  and  proclaim  one  of  the 
first  victories  of  freedom. 

"We  had  never  forgotten  that,  but  we  did 
not  see  the  full  meaning  of  it.  A  hundred 
years  and  more  went  by  and  the  spindles 
were  slowly  weaving  the  web  of  history.  We 
did  not  see  it  to  be  complete,  the  whole  of 
the  design  to  be  made  plain. 

"Now  look  what  has  happened.  In  that  far 
off  day  when  France  came  to  the  assistance 
of  America.  America  was  fighting  Great  Brit- 
'  '  linked  '  '  ' 


ain.      And    now    she    is 
Great    Britain   as   she   ' 


to   France. 


y    to 
e   see 


now  how  these  apparently  diverging  lines  of 
history  are  coming  together.  The  nations 
which  once  stood  in  battle  array  against  one 
another  are  now  shoulder  to-  shoulder  fighting 
a  common  enemy. 
"It  was  a  lone:  time  before  we  saw  that. 


And  in  the  last  four  years  something  has 
happened  that  is  unprecedented  in  the  history 
of  mankind.  It  is  nothing  less  than  this— 
that  bodies  of  men  on  both  sides  of  the  sea 
and  in  all  parts  of  the  world  have  come  to 
release  their  comrades  in  freedom 

"France,  meantime,  as  we  have  'so  often 
said,  stood  at  the  frontier  of  freedom.  Her 
lines  lay  along  the  very  lines  that  divided 
the  home  of  freedom  from  the  home  of  mili- 
tary despotism.  Hers  was  the  immediate 
peril.  Hers  was  the  constant  dread.  Hers  was 
the  most  pressing  necessity  of  preparation  and 
she  had  constantly  to  ask  herself  this  ques- 
tion: 'If  the  blow  falls,  who  will  come  to 
our  assistance?' 

"And  the  question  was  answered  in  the 
most  unexpected  way.  Her  allies  came  to 
her  assistance,  but  many  more  than  her  al 
lies.  The  free  people  of  the  world  came 
to  her  assistance. 

"And  in  this  way  America  paid  her  debt 
of  gratitude  to  France  by  sending  her  sons 
to  fight  upon  the  soil  of  France.  She  did 
more.  She  assisted  in  drawing  the  forces 
of  the  world  together  in  order  that  France 
might  never  again  feel  her  isolation;  in  order 
that  France  might  never  feel  that  hers  was 
a  lonely  peril  and  would  never  again  have 
to  ask  the  question  who  would  come  to  her 
assistance. 

"For  the  alternative  is  a  terrible  alterna- 
tive to  France.  I  do  not  need  to  point  out 
to  you  that  east  of  you  in  Europe  the  fu^ 
ture  is  full  of  question.  Beyond  the  Rhine, 
across  Germany,  across  Poland,  across  Rus- 
sia, across  Asia,  there  are  questions  unan- 
swered, and  they  may  be  for  the  present  un- 
answerable. 

"France  still  stands  at  the  frontier.  France 
still  stands  in  the  presence  of  those  threaten- 
ing and  unanswered  questions^— threatening  be- 
cause unanswered:  stands  waiting  for  the  so- 
lution of  matters  which  touch  her  directly  and 
intimately  and  constantly,  and  if  she  must 
stand  alone  what  must  she  do?  She  must  put 
upon  her  people  a  constant  burden  of  taxa- 
tion. She  must  undergo  sacrifice  that  may 
become  intolerable. 

"And  not  only  she  but  the  other  nations 
of  the  world  must  do  the- like.  They  must 
be  ready  for  any  terrible  incident  of  injus- 
tice. The  thin£-  is  not  inconceivable. 

"I  visited  the  other  day  a  portion  of  the 
devastated  region  of  France.  I  saw  the  noble 
city  of  Reims  in  ruins  and  I  could  not  help 
saying  to  myself:  'Here  is  where  the  blow 
fell  because  the  rulers  of  the  world  did  not 
sooner  see  how  to  prevent  it.' 

"The  rulers  of  the  world  have  been  thmk- 
-ng  of  the  relations  of  governments  and  for- 
getting the  relations  of  peoples.  They  have 
>een  thinking  of  the  maneuvers  of  interna- 
tional dealings,  when  what  they  ought  to  have 
been  thinking  of  was  the  fortunes  of  men 
and  women  and  the  safety  of  home  and  the 
care  that  they  should  take  that  their  people 
should  be  hapoy  because  they  were  safe. 

"They  knpw  that  the  only  way  to  do  this 
is  to  make  it  certain  that  the  same  thing  can- 
not always  happen  that  has  happened  this 
time,  that  there  never  shall  be  any  doubt, 
or  waiting,  or  surmise,  but  that  whenever 
France  or  any  free  people  is  threatened  the 
whole  world  will  be  ready  to  vindicate  its 
liberty. 

"It  is  for  that  reason.  I  take  it,  that  I  find 
such  an  intelligent  enthusiasm  in  France  for 
the  society  of  nations — France  with  her  keen 
vision.  France  with  her  prophetic  vision. 

"It  seems  to  be  not  only  the  need  of  France, 
but  the  need  of  mankind.  And  France  sees 
the  sacrifices  which  are  necessary  for  the 
establishment  of  the  society  of  nations  are 
not  to  be  compared  with  the  constant  dread 
of .  another  catastrophe  falling  on  the  fair 
cities  and  areas  of  France. 

"There   was    a   no   more   beautiful   country. 

~ere    was    a    no    more    prosperous    country 

-  was  a  no  more  free-spirited  people.     ' 


286 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


"All  the  world  admired  France  and  none  of 
the  world  grudged  France  her  greatness  and 
her  prosperity,  except  those  wh9  grudged  her 
liberty  and  her  prosperity.  And  it  has  profited 
us  terrible  as  the  cost  has  been,  to  witness 
what  has  happened,  to  see  with  the  physical 
eye  what  has  happened,  because  injustice  was 
wrought. 

"The  president  of  the  chamber  has  pictured, 
as  I  cannot  picture,  the  appalling  sufferings, 
the  terrible  tragedy  of  France,  but  it  is  a 
tragedy  which  could  not  be  repeated.  As  the 
pattern  of  history  has  disclosed  itself,  it  has 
disclosed  the  hearts  of  men  drawing  toward 
one  another.  Comradeships  have  become  vivid. 
The  purpose  of  association  ha-s  become  evident. 

"The  nations  of  the  world  are  about  to 
consummate  a  brotherhood  which  will  make 
it  unnecessary  in  the  future  to  maintain  those 
crushing  armaments  which  make  the  peoples 
suffer  almost  as  much  in  peace  as  they  suf- 

"When  the 'soldiers  of  America  crossed  the 
ocean  they  did  not  bring  with  them  merely 


knew  that  they  had  come  to  do  a  thing  which 
the  heart  of  America  had  long  wished  to  do. 
When  Gen.  Pershing  stood  at  the  tomb  of  La- 
fayette and  said.  'Lafayette,  we  are  here!'  it 
was  as  if  he  had  said  'Lafayette,  here  is  the 
completion  of  the  great  story  whose  first 
chapter  you  assisted  to  write.' 

'The  world  has  seen  the  great  plot  worked 
out  and -now  the  people  of  France  may  rest 
assured  that  their  prosperity  is  secure  because 
their  homes  are  secure,  and  men  everywhere 
not  only  wish  her  safety  and  prosperity,  but 
are  ready  to  assure  her  that  with  all  the  force 
ana  wealth  at  their  command  they  will  guar- 
antee her  security  and/ safety. 

"So  as  we  sit  from  day  to  day  at  the  Quai 
d'Orsay  I  think  to  myself  we  might,  if  we 
could  gain  an  audience-  of  the  free  peoples 
of  the  world,  adopt  the  language  of  Gen. 
Pershingr  and  say,  'Friends.  men,  humble 
women,  little  children,  we  are  here;  we  are 
here  as  your  friends,  as  your  champions,  as 
your  representatives.  We  have  come  to  work 
out  for  you  a  world  which  is  fit  to  live  in 
and  in  which  all  countries  can  enjoy  the 
heritage  of  liberty,  for  which  France  and 
America  and  England  and  Italy  have  paid  so 
dean'  " 

Miracles    Wrought   by   the   War. 

President  Wison.  in  addressing  on  Feb.  13 
in  Paris  a  delegation  from  the  French  Associa- 
tion for  a  Society  of  Nations,  said: 

"I  appreciate  very  deeply  what  has  been 
said,  and  I  take  it  that  the  kind  of  sug- 
gestion is  that  some  time  after  my  return  we 
should  arrange  a  public  meeting,  at  which, 
I  am  quite  confident,  we  may  celebrate  the 
completion  of  the  work,  at  any  rate  up  to  a 
certain  very  far  advanced  stage,  the  consum- 
mation of  which  we  have  been  working  and 
hoping  for  for  a  long  time. 

"It  would  be  a  very  happy  thing  if  that 
could  be  arranged.  I  can  only  say  for  my- 
self that  I  sincerely  hope  it  can  be.  I  should 
wish  to  lend  any  assistance  possible  to  so 
happy  a  consummation. 

"I  cannot  help  thinking-  of  how  many 
miracles  this  war  has  already  wrought, 
miracles  of  comprehension  as  to  our  interde- 
pendence as  nations  and  as  human  beings; 
miracles  as  to  the  removal  of  obstacles  which 
seemed  big,  and  now  have  grown  small,  in  the 
way  of  active  and  organized  co-operation  of 
nations:  in  regard  to  the  establishment  and 
maintenance  of  justice. 

"And  the  thoughts  of  the  people  having 
been  drawn  together,  there  has  already  been 
created  a  force  which  is  not  only  very  great, 
but.  very  formidable,  a  force  which  can  be 
rapidly  mobilized,  a  force  which  is  very"  ef- 
fective when  mobilized,  namely^  the  moral 
force  of  the  world. 


"Oae  adyinlaere  in  seeing  one  another  and 
talking  with  one  another  is  to  find  that, 
after  all.  we  all  think  the  same  way. 

"We  may  try  to  put  the  result  of  the  think- 
ing into  different  forms,  but  we  start  with 
the  same  principles. 

"I  have  often  been  thought  of  as  a  man 
more  interested  in  principles  than  an  prac- 
tice, whereas,  as  <a  matter  of  fact,  I  can 
say  thwt,  in  one  sense,  principles  have  never 
interested  me.  Because  principles  prove  them- 
selves when  stated.  They  do  not  need  any 
debate.  The  thing  that  is  difficult  and  in- 
teresting is  how  to  put  them  into  practice. 
Large  discourse  is  not  possible  on  the  prin- 
ciples, but  large  discourse  is  necessary  on 
the  matter  of  realizing  them. 

"So  that,  after  all,  principles  until  trans- 
lated into  practice  are  very  thin  and  ab- 
stract, and.  I  may  add.  uninteresting  things. 
It  is  not  interesting  to  have  far  away  visions, 
but  it  is  interesting  to  have  near  by  visions 
of  what  it  is  possible  to  accomplish.  And 
in  a  meeting  such  as  you  are  projecting  per- 
haps we  can  record  the  success  that  we  shall 
have  then  achieved  of  putting  a  great  prin- 
ciple into  practice,  and  demonstrated  that  it 
can  be  put  into  practice,  though  only,  let  us 
say,  five  years  ago  it  was  considered  an  im- 
practical dream. 

"I  will  co-operate  with  great  happiness  in 
the  plan  that  you  may  form  after  my  return, 
and  I  thank  you  very  warmly  for  the  com- 
pliment of  this  personal  visit." 

Message  to  French  People. 

Just  before  sailing  from  France  Feb.  14 
President  Wilson  issued  the  following  state- 
ment to  the  French  people: 

"I  cannot  leave  France  without  expressing 
my  profound  sense  of  the  hospitality  of  the 
French  people  and  the  French  government. 
They  have  received  and  treated  me  as  I  most 
desired  to  be  treated — as  a  friend;  a  friend 
alike  in  spirit  and  in  purpose. 

"I  am  happy  to  think  that  I  am  to  return 
to  assist  with  all  nay  heart  in  completing  the, 
ju^t  settlements  which  the  conference  is  seek- 
ing, and  I  shall  carry  with  me  during  my 
absence  very  happy  memories  of  the  two 
months  I  have  spent  here. 

'*!  have  been  privileged  to  see  near  at  hand 
what  my  sympathy  had  already  conceived  of 
the  sufferings  and  problems  of  France,  and 
every  day  has  deepened  my  interest  in  the  solu- 
tion of  the  ?p*ave  question  upon  whose  proper 
solution  the  future  prosperity  of  France,  and 
of  her  associates,  and  of  the  whole  world,  de- 
pends. 

'May  I  not  leave  my  warm  and  affectionate 
farewell  greetings?" 

Brief  Visit  to  America. 

Though  the  work  of  the  peace  conference 
was  far  from  concluded.  President  Wilson 
found  it  necessary  to  leave  Paris  for  a  short 
visit  to  the  United  States,  where  his  presence 
during  the  closing  hours  of  the  sixty-fifth  con- 
gress was  urgently  required.  Accompanied  by 
Mrs.  Wilson  and  Ambassador  David  R.  Francis, 
he  left  Paris  on  the  evening  of  Feb.  14  for 
Brest,  where  on  the  following  day  he  boarded 
the  liner  George  Washington  and  sailed  for 
Boston.  The  escorting  war  vessel  this  time 
was  Admiral  Wilson's  flagship,  the  New  Mex- 
ico. On  the  George  Washington,  in  addition 
to  the  presidential  party,  were  eighty  officers 
and  2,000  soldiers  returning  home  from 
i  ranee.  On  the  voyage  home  the  president 
by  the  advice  of  his  physician  spent  much 
time  in  resting.  The  voyage  was  a  rather 
rough  one.  but  without  anything  untoward 
happening  except  that  the  liner  came  near  run- 
ning ashore  at  Thatcher's  island.  Cape  Ann. 
The  George  Washington  arrived  in  Boston  har- 
bor late  in  the  afternoon  of  Feb.  23  and  the 
president  did  not  land  until  the  following 
forenoon.  The  citizens  of  Boston  gave  him 
a  warm  welcome  as  he  passed  through  the 
streets  with  his  escort  to  the  Copley  plaza, 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOK 


»»'/ 


where  he  took  luncheon,  and  immediately  aft- 
erward to  Mechanics'  hall,  where  he  made  a 
speech  to  an  audience  of  7.000  persons.  In- 
troductory remarks  were  made  by  Mayor  An- 
drew J.  Peters  and  by  Gov.  Calvin  Coohdge, 
who  presided. 

In  Mechanics'  Hall,  Boston. 

President  Wilson   said: 

"Gov.  Coolidgre,  Mr.  Mayor,  Fellow  Citizens: 
I  wonder  if  you  are  half  as  glad  to  see  me 
as  I  am  to  see  you.  It  warms  my  heart  to 
see  a  great  body  of  my  fellow  citizens  again, 
because  in  some  respects  during  the  recent 
months  I  have  been  very  lonely  indeed  with- 
out your  comradeship  and  counsel,  and  I 
tried  at  every  step  of  the  work  which,  fell 
to  me  to  recall  what  I  was  sure  would  be 
your  counsel  with  regard  to  the  great  matters 
which  were  under  consideration. 

"I  do  not  want  you  to  think  that  I  have 
not  been  appreciative  of  the  extraordinarily 
g-enerous  reception  which  was  given  to  me  on 
the  other  side  in  saying  that  it  makes  me 
happy  to  get  home  again.  I  do  not  mean 
to  say  that  I  was  not  deeply  touched  by 
the  cries  that  came  from  the  great  crowds 
on  the  other  side.  But  I  want  to  say  to 
you  in  all  honesty  that  I  felt  them  to  be 
a  call  of  greeting  to  you  rather  than  to  me. 

"I  did  not  feel  that  the  greeting  was  per- 
sonal. I  had  in  my  heart  the  ever  growing 
pride  of  being  your  representative  and  of  re- 
ceiving the  plaudits  of  men  everywhere  who 
felt  that  your  hearts  beat  with  theirs  in  the 
cause  of  liberty. 

"There  was  no  mistaking1  the  tone  in  the 
voices  of  those  great  crowds.  It  was  not 
a  tone  of  mere  greeting,  it  was  not  a  tone  of 
mere  generous  welcome:  it  was  the  calling  of 
comrade  to  comrade — the  cries  that  come  from 
men  who  say:  'We  have  waited  for  this  day 
when  the  friends  of  liberty  should  come  across 
the  sea  and  shake  hands  with  us,  to  see 
that  a  new  world  was  constructed  upon  a 
new  basis  and  foundation  of  justice  and  right.' 

"I  can't  tell  you  the  inspiration  that  came 
from  the  sentiments  that  came  out  of  those 
simple  voices  of  the  crowd.  And  the  proud- 
est thing  I  have  to  report  to  you  is  that  this 
great  country  of  ours  is  trusted  throughout 
the  world. 

"I  have  not  come  to  report  the  proceedings 
or  the  results  of  the  proceedings  of  the  peace 
conference;  that  would  be  premature.  I  can 
say  that  I  have  received  very  happy  impres- 
sions from  this  conference:  the  impression 
that  while  there  are  many  differences  of  judg- 
ment, while  there  are  some  divergences  of  ob- 
ject, there  is  nevertheless  a  common  spirit  and 
a  common  realization  of  the  necessity  of  set- 
ting up  new  standards  of  right  in  the  world. 

"Because  the  men  who  are  in  conference  in 
Paris  realize  as  keenly  as  any  American  can 
realize  that  they  are  not  the  masters  of  their 
people;  that  they  are  the  servants  of  their 
oeople.  and  that  the  spirit  of  their  people 
has  awakened  to  a  new  purpose  and  a  new 
conception  of  their  power  to  realize  that  pur- 
pose, and  that  no  man  dare  go  home  from 
that  conference  and  report  anything  less  noble 
than  was  expected  of  it. 

"The  conference  seems  to  you  to  go  slowly: 
from  day  to  day  in  Paris  it  seems  to  go 
slowly:  but  I  wonder  if  you  realize  the  com- 
plexity of  the  task  which  it  has  undertaken. 

"It  seems  as  if  the  settlements  of  this  war 
affect,  and  affect  directly,  every  great,  and  T 
sometimes  think  every  small  nation  in  the 
world,  and  no  one  decision  can  prudently  be 
made  which  is  not  properly  linked  in  with  the 
great  series  of  other  decisions  which  must  ac- 
company it.  And  it  must  be  reckoned  in  with 
the  final  result  if  the  real  quality  and  char- 
acter of  that  result  is  to  be  properly  jnde-ed. 

"What  we  are  doing  is  to  hear  the  whole 
case:  hear  it  from  the  mouths  of  the  men 
most  interested:  hear  it  from  those  who  are 
officially  commissioned  to  state  it:  hear  the 


rival  claims:  hear  the  claims  that  affect  new 
nationalities,  that  affect  new  areas  of  the 
world  that  affect  new  commercial  and  eco- 
nomic connections  that  have  been  established 
by  the  great  world  war  through  which  we 

^nd  I  have  been  struck  by  the  moderate- 
ness of  those  who  have  represented  national 
claims.  I  can  testify  that  I  have  nowhere 
seen  the  gleam  of  passion.  I  have  seen  ear- 
nestness, I  have  seen  tears  come  to  the  eyes 
of  men  who  pleaded  for  downtrodden  people 
whom  they  were  privileged  to  speak  for;  but 
they  were  not  the  tears  of  anguish;  they  were 
the  tears  of  ardent  hope. 

"And  I  don't  see  how  any  man  can  fail  to 
have  been  subdued  by  these  pleas,  subdued  to 
this  feeling,  that  he  was  not  there  to  assert 
an  individual  judgment  of  his  own.  but  to 
try  to  assist  the  case  of  humanity. 

"And  in  the  midst  of  it  all  every  interest 
seeks  out  first  of  all.  when  it  reaches  Paris, 
the  representatives  of  the  United  .States. 
Why?  Because— and  I  think  I  am  stating  the 
most  wonderful  fact  in  history— because  there 
is  no  nation  in  Europe  that  suspects  the  mo- 
tives of  the  United  States. 

"Was  there  ever  so  wonderful  a  thing- 
seen  before?  Was  there  ever  so  moving  a 
thing?  Was  there  ever  any  fact  that  so 
bound  the  nation  that  had  won  that  esteem 
forever  to  deserve  it? 

"I  would  not  have  you  understand  that  the 
great  men  who  represent  the  other  nations 
there  in  conference  are  disesteemed  by  those 
who  know  them.  Quite  the  contrary.  But 
you  understand  that  the  nations  of  Europe 
have  again  and  again  clashed  with  one  an- 
other in  competitive  interest.  It  is  impossible 
for  men  to  forget  those  sharp  issues  that 
were  drawn  between  them  in  times  past. 

"It  is  impossible  for  men  to  believe  that 
all  ambitions  have  all  of  a  sudden  been  fore- 
gone. They  remember  territory  that  was  cov- 
eted: they  remember  rights  that  it  was  at- 
tempted to  extort;  they  remember  political 
ambitions  which  it. was  attempted  to  realise— 
and.  while  they  believe  that  men  have  come 
into  a  different  temper,  they  cannot  forget 
these  things. 

"And  so  they  do  not  resort  to  one  another 
for  a  dispassionate  view  of  the  matters  in 
controversy.  They  resort  to  that  nation  which 
has  won  the  enviable  distinction  of  being1 
regarded  as  the  friend  of  mankind. 

"Whenever  it  is  desired  to  send  a  small 
force  of  spldiers  to  occupy  a  piece  of  territory 
where  it  is  thought  nobody  else  will  be  wel- 
come, they  ask  for  American  soldiers.  And 
where  other  soldiers  would  be  looked  upon 
with  suspicion  and  perhaps  met  with  resist- 
ance, the  American  soldier  is  welcomed  with 
acclaim. 

"I  have  had  so  many  grounds  for  pride  on 
the  other  side  of  the  water  that  I  am  very 
thankful  that  they  are  not  grounds  for  per- 
sonal pride.  Otherwise  I'd  be  the  most  stuck 
up  m-an  in  the  world.  And  it  has  been  an 
infinite  pleasure  to  me  to  see  those  gallant 
soldiers  of  ours,  of  whom  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States  made  me  the  proud  com- 
mander. You  may  be  proud  of  the  26th  di- 
vision, but  I  commanded  the  26th  division, 
and  see  what  they  did  under  my  direction! 

"And  everybody  praises  the  American  sol- 
dier with  the  feeling  that  in  praising  him  he 
is  subtracting  from  the  credit  of  no  one  else. 

"I  have  been  searching  for  the  fundamental 
fact  that  converted  Europe  to  believe  in  us. 
Before  this  war  Europe  did  not  believe  in  us 
as  she  does  now.  She  did!  not  believe  in  us 
throughout  the  first  three  years  of  the  war. 
She  seems  really  to  have  believed  that  we 
were  holding  off  because  we  thought  we  could 
make  more  by  staying  out  than  by  going  in. 

"And  all  of  a  sudden,  in  a  short  eighteen 
months,  the  whole  verdict  is  reversed.  There 
can  be  but  one  explanation  for  it.  They  saw 
what  we  did— that  without  making  a  single 
claim  we  put  all  our  men  and  all  our  means 
at  the  disposal  of  those  who  were  fightimr  for 


288 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


their  homes,   in  the  first   instance,   but   for 
cause,  the  cause  of  human  rig-hts  and  justice 
and    that    we    went    in    not    to    support    thei 
national  claims  but  to  support  the  great  caus 
•which   they  held  in  common. 

"And  when  they  saw  that  America  not  only 
held  ideals,  but  acted  ideals,  they  were  con 
verted  to  America  and  became  firm  partisan 
of  those  ideals. 

"I  met  a  group  of  scholars  when  I  was  i 
Paris — some  gentlemen  from  one  of  the  Gree 
universities  who  had  come  to  see  me.   and  in 
whose  presence,   or  rather  in  the  presence   o 
those  traditions  of  learning:.  I  felt  young-  in 


told  them  that  I  had  one  of  the  delight 
ful  revenges  that   sometimes  come  to  a  man 
All   my   life   I   had   heard   men   speak  with 
sort  of  condescension  of  ideals  and  of  idealists 
and   particularly   those   separated,    encloisterec 
persons  whom  they  choose  to  term  academic 
who  were  in   the  habit   of   uttering  ideals   i 
the    free    atmosphere    when    they    clash    with 
nobody  in  particular. 

"And  I  said  I  have  had  this  sweet  revenge 
Speaking  with  perfect  frankness,  in  the  nam 
of  the  people  of  the  United  States.  I  hav< 
uttered  as  the  objects  of  this  great  war  ideals 
and  nothing  but  ideals,  and  the  war  has  been 
won  by  that  inspiration. 

"Men  were  fighting  with  tense  muscle  an< 
lowered  head  until  they  came  to  realize  those 
things,  feeding  they  were  fighting  for  their 
lives  and  their  country,  and  when  these  ac- 
cents of  what  it  was  all  about  reached  them 
from  America  they  lifted  their  heads,  they 
raised  their  eyes  to  heaven,  when  they  saw 
men  in  khaki  coming  across  the  sea  in  the 
spirit  of  crusaders,  and  they  found  that  these 
were  strange  men.  reckless  of  danger  not  only 
but  reckless  because  they  seemed  to  see  some 
thing  that  made  that  danger  worth  while. 

"Men  have  testified  to  me  in  Europe  that  our 
men  were  possessed  by  something  that  they 
could  only  call  a  religious  fervor.  They  were 
not  like  any  of  the  other  soldiers.  They 
had  a  vision,  they  had  a  dream,  and  they  were 
fighting  in  the  dream,  and.  fighting  in  the 
dream,  they  turned  the  whole  tide  of  battle 
and  it  never  came  back. 

"One  of  our  American  humorists,  meeting 
the  criticism  that  American  soldiers  were 
not  trained  long  enough,  said:  'It  takes  only 
half  as  long  to  train  an  American  soldier  as 
any  other,  because  you  only  have  to  train 
him  one  way,  and  he  did  only  go  one  way, 
and  he  never  came  back  until  he  could  do 
it  when  he  pleased." 

"And  now  do  you  realize  that  this  confi- 
dence we  have  established  throughout  the 
world  imposes  a  burden  upon  us  —  if  you 
choose  to  call  it  a  burden?  It  is  one  of  those 
burdens  which  any  nation  ought  to  be  proud 
to  carry.  Any  man  who  resists  the  present 
tides  that  run  in  the  world  wiM.  find  himself 
thrown  upon  a  shore  so  high  and  barren 
that  it  will  seem  as  if  he  had  been  separated 
from  his  human  kind  forever. 

"The  Europe  that  I  left  the  other  day  was 
lull  of  something  that  it  had  never  felt  fill 
its  heart  so  full  before.  It  was  full  of 
hope.  The  Europe  of  the  second  year  of  the 
war,  the  Europe  of  the  third  year  of  the  war 
was  sinking  to  a  sort  of  stubborn  despera- 
tion. 

"They  did  not  see  any  great  thing  to  be 
achieved  even  when  -the  war  should  be  won. 
They  hoped  there  would  be  some  salvage;  they 
hoped  that  they  could  clear  their  territories  of 
invading  armies:  they  hoped  they  could  set  up 
their  homes  and  start  their  industries  afresh. 
But  they  thought  it  would  simply  be  the  re- 
sumption of  the  old  life  that  Europe  had  led 
—led  in  fear,  led  in  anxiety,  led  in  constant 
suspicious  watchfulness.  They  never  dreamed 
that  it  would  be  a  Europe  of  settled  peace 
and  of  justified  hope. 
"And  now  these  ideals  have  wrought  this  i 


new  magic,  that  all  the  peoples  of  Europe 
are  buoyed  up  and  confident  in  the  spirit 
of  hope,  because  they  believe  that  we  are  at 
the  eve  of  a  new  age  in  the  world  when  na- 
tions will  understand  one  another,  when  na- 
tions will  support  one  another  in  every  just 
cause,  when  nations  will  unite  every  moral 
and  every  physical  strength  to  see  that  the 
right  shall  prevail. 

"If  America  were  at  this  juncture  to  fail 
the  world,  what  would  come  of  it?  I  do 
not  mean  any  disrespect  to  any  other  great 
people  when  I  say  that  America  is  the  hope 
of  the  world:  and  if  she  does  not  justify  that 
hope  the  results  are  unthinkable.  Men  will 
be  thrown  back  upon  the  bitterness  of  dis- 
appointment not  only,  but  the  bitterness  of 
despair. 

"All  nations  will  be  set  up  as  hostile  camps 
again;  the  men  at  the  peace  conference  will 
go  home  with  their  heads  upon  their  breasts, 
knowing  that  they  have  failed— for  they  were 
bidden  not  to  come  home  from  there  until 
they  did  something  more  than  sign  a  treaty  of 
peace. 

"Suppose  we  sign  the  treaty  of  peace  and 
that  it  is  the  most  satisfactory  treaty  of  peace 
that  the  confusing  elements  of  the  modern 
world  will  afford  and  go  home  and  think 
about  our  labors;  we  will  know  that  we  have 
left  written  upon  the  historic  table  at  Ver- 
sailles, upon  which  Vergennes  and  Benjamin 
Franklin  wrote  their  names,  nothing  but  a 
modern  scrap  of  paper;  no  nations  united  to 
defend  it,  no  great  forces  combined  to  make 
it  good:  no  assurance  given  to  the  down- 
trodden and  fearful  peoples  of  the  world  that 
they  shall  be  safe. 

"Any  man  who  thinks  that  America  will 
take  part  in  giving  the  world  any  such  rebuff 
and  disappointment  as  that  does  not  know 
America. 

I  invite  him  to  test  the  sentiments  of  the 
nation.  We  set  this  up  to  make  men  free  and 
we  did  not  confine  our  conception  and  purpose 
to  America,  and  now  we  will  make  men  free. 
If  we  did  not  do  that  the  fame  of  America 
would  be  gone  and  all  her  powers  would  be 
dissipated.  She  then  would  have  to  keep  her 
power  for  those  narrow,  selfish,  provincial 
purposes  which  seem  so  dear  to  some  minds 
that  have  no  sweep  beyond  the  nearest  hori- 
zon. I  should  welcome  no  sweeter  challenge 
than  that. 

"I  have  fighting  blood  in  me  and  it  is 
sometimes  a  delight  to  let  it  have  scope,  but 
.i  it  is  a  challenge  on  this  occasion  it  will 
je  an  indulgence. 

Think  of  the  -picture,  think  of  the  utter 
blackness  that  would  fall  on  the  world. 
America  has  failed!  America  made  a  little 
essay  at  generosity  and  then  withdrew.  Amer- 
ca  said.  *We  are  your  friends.'  but  it  was 
only  for  to-day,  not  for  to-morrow. 

"America  said.  'Here  is  our  power  to  vin- 
dicate right.'  and  then  the  next  day  said,  'Let 
•ight  take  care  of  itself  and  we  will  take  care 
)f  ourselves.'  America  said,  'We  set  up  a 
_ight  to  lead  men  along  the  paths  of  liberty, 
but  we  have  lowered  it.  It  is  intended  only 
o  light  our  own  path.'  We  set  up  a  great 
deal  of  liberty  and  then  we  said,  'Liberty  is 
a  thing  that  you  must  win  for  yourself.  Do 
lot  call  upon  us,'  and  think  of  the  world  that 
e  would  leave. 

"Do  you  realize  how  many  new  nations  are 
going  to  be  set  up  in  the  presence  of  old 
md  powerful  nations  in  Europe  .and  left 
here,  if  left  by  us,  without  -a  disinterested 

"ito'you  believe  In  the  Polish  cause  as  I 
o?  Are  you  going  to  set  up  Poland,  im- 
lature.  inexperienced,  as  yet  unorganized,  and 
eave  her  with  a  circle  of  armies  around  her? 
"Do  you  believe  in  the  aspirations  of  the 
zecho-Slovaks  and  the  Jugo  Slavs  as  I  do? 
/o  you  know  how  many  powers  would  be 
uick  to  pounce  upon  them  if  there  were  not 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


289 


the   guaranties  of  the  world  behind  their  lib- 

er'l-H?ave  you  thought  of  the  suffering  of 
Armenia?  You  poured  out  your  money  to  help 
succor  the  Armenians  after  they  suffered:  now 
set  your  strength  so  that  they  shall  never 

8U-?TheagaTrangements  of  the  present  peace 
cannot  stand  a  generation  unless  they. are 
guaranteed  bv  the  united  forces  of  the  civil- 
ized world.  And  if  we  do  not  guarantee  them, 
cannot  you  see  the  picture?  Your  hearts 
have  instructed  you  where  the  burden  of  this 
war  fell.  It  did  not  fall  upon  the  national 
treasuries:  it  did  not  fall  upon  the  instru- 
ments of  administration :  it  did  not  fall  upon 
the  resources  of  the  nations.  It  fell  upon  the 
victims'  homes  everywhere.  where  women 
were  toiling-  in  hope  that  their  men  would 


I  think  of  the  homes  upon  which 
dull  despair  would  settle  were  this  great  hope 
disappointed  I  should  wish  for  my  part  never 
to  have  had  America  play  any  part  whatever 
in  this  attempt  to  emancipate  the  world.  But 
I  talk  as  if  there  were  any  question.  I  have 
no  more  doubt  of  the  verdict  of  America  in 
this  matter  than  I  have  doubt  of  the  blood 

"And  so.  m'y  fellow  citizens.  I  have  cpme 
back  to  report  progress  and  I  do  not  believe 
that  the  progress  is  going  to  stop  short  of 
the  goal.  The  nations  of  the  world  have  set 
their  heads  now  to  do  a  great  thing  and  they 
are  not  going  to  slacken  their  purpose.  And 
when  I  speak  of  the  nations  of  the  world  I 
do  not  speak  of  the  governments  of  the  world. 

"I  speak  of  the  peoples  who  constitute  the 
nations  of  the  world.  They  are  in  the  saddle 
and  they  are  going  to  see  to  it  that  if  their 
present  governments  do  not  do  their  will  some 
other  governments  shall.  And  the  secret  is 
out  and  the  present  governments  know  it. 

"There  is  a  great  deal  of  harmony  to  be  got 
out  of  common  knowledge.  There  is  a  great 
deal  of  sympathy  to  be  got  out  of  living  in 
the  same  atmosphere,  and  except  for  the  dif- 
ferences of  languages,  which  puzzled  my 
American  ear  very  sadly.  I  could  have  believed 
I  was  at  home  in  France,  or  in  Italy,  or  in 
England  when  I  was  on  the  streets,  when  I 
was  in  the  presence  of  the  crowds,  when  I  was 
in  great  halls  where  men  were  gathered  to- 
gether, irrespective  of  class. 

"I  did  not  feel  Quite  as  much  at  home  there 
as  I  do  here,  but  I  felt  that  now  at  any  rate. 
after  this  storm  of  war  had  cleared  the  air. 
men  were  seeing  eye  to  eye  everywhere  and 
that  these  were  the  kind  of  folks  who  would 
understand  what  the  kind  of  folks  at  home 
would  understand  and  that  they  were  think- 
ing the  same  things. 

"I  feel  about  you  as  I  am  reminded  of  a 
story  of  that  excellent  wit  and  good  artist, 


y    of    tat    exceent    wt    an      goo      artst, 
Oliver  Herford.  who  one  day.  sitting  at  lunch- 

t his  , 

back  by  a  man  whom  he  did  not  know  well. 


. 
eon  at  his  club,  was  clapped  vigorously  on  the 


find  that  I  am  a  typical  American,  and  if  I 
sample  deep  enough  and  get  down  to  what  is 
probably  tip  true  stuff  of  a  man,  then  I  have 
hope  th.it  it  is  part  of  the  stuff  that  is  like 
the  niher  fellow's  at  home. 

"And.  therefore,  probing  deep  in  my  heart 
and  trying-  to  see  the  things  that  are  right! 
without  regard  to  the  things  that  may  be 


debated  as  expedient.  I  feel  that  I  am  inter- 
preting the  purposes  and  the  thought  of  Amer- 
ica, and  in  loving  America  I  find  I  have  joined 


He  said,  'Oliver,  old  boy,  how  are  you?"  He 
looked  at  him  rather  coldly.  He  said.  *I  don't 
know  your  name.  I  don't  know  your  face,  but 
your  manners  are  very  familiar.'  And  I  must 
say  that  your  manners  are  very  familiar,  and, 
let  me  add.  very  delightful. 

"It  is  a  great  comfort.  for  one  thing,  to 
realize  that  you  all  understand  the  language  I 
am  speaking.  A  friend  of  mine  said  that  to 
talk  through  an  interpreter  was  like  witness- 
ing the  compound  fracture  of  an  idea.  But 
the  beauty  of  it  is  that,  whatever  the  impedi- 
ments of  the  channel  of  communication,  the 
idea  is  the  same:  that  it  gets  registered,  and 
it  gets  registered  in  responsive  hearts  and 
receptive  purposes. 

"I  have  come  back  for  a  strenuous  attempt 
to  transact  business  for  a  little  while  in 
America,  but  I  have  really  come  back  to  say 
to  you.  in  all  soberness  and  honesty,  that  J 
have  been  trying  my  best  to  speak  your 
thoughts.  When  I  sample  myself  I  think  I 


the  great  majority  of  my  fellow  men  through- 
out the  world. 

President  Wilson  left  Boston  soon  after 
making  his  speech  in  Mechanics'  hall  and  ar- 
rived in  Washington  early  on  the  morning  of 
Feb.  25.  One  of  his  first  acts  was  to  summon 
a  conference  in  the  capital  of  governors  and 
mayors  to  consider  reconstruction  measures. 
He  also  announced  that  no  extra  session  or 
congress  would  be  called  until  after  his  final 
return  from  Paris,  his  aim  being  to  have  the 
65th  congress  pass  certain  appropriation  and 
other  vital  measures  which  it  was  alleged  by 
the  democrats  had  been  obstructed  by  repub- 
lican opposition  in  order  to  have  an  extra 
session  of  the  66th  congress,  with  its  repub- 
lican majority,  pass  upon  them. 

On  the  evening  of  FeTx  26  President  Wilson 
gave  a  dinner  at  the  white  house  which  was 
attended  by  the  members  of  the  foreign  rela- 
tions committees  of  the  senate  and  house,  and 
at  which  the  peace  treaty  and  particularly 
the  league  of  nations  provisions  were  dis- 
cussed, after  the  president  had  made  a  gen- 
eral statement  of  the  work  of  the  delegates 
at  the  peace  conference. 

To  Governors  and  Mayors. 
Speaking:  before  the  conference  of  governors 
and   mayors   in   the   white   house   in   Washing- 
ton.  D.  C.,  March  3,   President  Wilson  said: 

'I  wish  that  I  could  promise  myself  the 
pleasure  and  the  profit  of  taking-  part  in  your 
deliberations.  I  find  that  nothing  deliberate 
is  permitted  me  since  my  return.  I  have 
been  trying  under  the  guidance  of  my  secre- 
tary. Mr.  Tumulty,  to  do  a  month's  work  in 
a  week,  and  I  am  hoping  that  not  all  of  it 
has  been  done  badly,  but  inasmuch  as  there 
is  a  necessary  pressure  upon  my  time  I  know 
that  you  will  excuse  me  from  taking  a  part 
in  your  conference,  much  as  I  should  be 
profited  by  doing  so. 

"My  pleasant  duty  is  to  bid  you  a  hearty 
welcome  and  to  express  my  gratification  that 
so  many  executiyes  of  cities  and  of  states 
have  found  the  time  and  inclination  to  come 
together  on  the  very  important  matter  we 
have  to  discuss. 

"The  primary  duty  of  caring  for  our  peonle 
in  the  intimate  matters  that  we  want  to  dis- 
cuss here,  of  course,  falls  upon  the  states  and 
upon  the  municipalities,  and  the  function 
of  the  federal  government  is  to  do  what  it  is 
trying  to  do  in  a  conference  of  this  sort — 
draw  the  executive  minds  of  the  country  to- 
g-ether so  that  they  may  profit  by  each  other's 
suggestions  and  plans  and  so  that  we  may 
offer  our  services  to  co-ordinate  their  efforts 
in  any  way  that  they  may  deem  it  wise  to 
co-ordinate.  In  other  words,  it  is  the  priv- 
ilege of  the  federal  government  in  matters 
of  this  sort  to  be  the  servants  of  the  execu- 
tives of  the  states  and  municipalities  and 
counties,  and  we  shall  perform  that  duty 
with  the  greatest  pleasure  if  you  will  gruide 
us  with  your  suggestions. 

"I  hope  that  the  discussions  of  this  confer- 
ence will  take  as  wide  a  scope  as  you  think 
necessary.  We  are  not  met  to  discuss  any 
single  or  narrow  subject.  We  are  met  to 
discuss  the  proper  method  of  restoring  all  the 
labor  conditions  of  the  country  to  a  normal 
basis  as  soon  as  possible,  and  to  effect  such 
fresh  allocations  of  labor  and  industry  as  the 
circumstances  may  make  necessary. 

"I  think  I  can  testify  from  what  I  have 
seen  on  the  other  side  of  the  water  that  we 
are  more  fortunate  than  other  nations  in  re- 


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ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


spect  to  these  great  problems.  Our  industries 
have  been  disturbed  and  disorganized— dis- 
organized as  compared  with  a  peace  basis 
very  seriously  indeed,  by  the  war — and  it 
seems  to  me,  therefore,  that  we  should  ap- 
proach these  problems  that  we  are  about  to 
discuss  with  a  good  deal  of  confidence — with 
a  good  deal  of  confidence  that  if  we  have  a 
common  purpose  we  can  realize  that  coin-non 
purpose  without  serious  or  insurmountable 
difficulties. 
"The  thing  that  has  impressed  me  most. 

fntlemeu.  not  only  in  the  recent  weeks  when 
have  been  in  conference  on  the  other  side 
of  the  water,  but  for  many  months  Deiore  1 
went  across  the  water,  was  this: 

"We  ere  at  last  learning:  that  the  business 
of  government  is  to  take  counsel  for  the  av- 
erage man.  We  are  at  last  learning  that  the 
whole  matter  of  the  prosperity  of  peoples 
runs  down  into  the  great  body  of  the  men  and 
women  who  do  the  work  of  the  world  and 
that  the  process  of  guidance  is  not  completed 
by  the  mere  success  of  great  enterprises— it  is 
completed  only  by  the  standard  of  the  benefit 
that  it  confers  upon  those  who,  in  the  obscure 
ranks  of  life,  contribute  to  the  success  of 
these  enterprises. 

'The  hearts  of  the  men  and  women  and 
children  of  the  world  are  stirred  now  in  a 
way  that  has  never  been  known  before.  They 
not  only  are  stirred  by  their  individual  cir- 
cumstances, but  they  are  beginning  to  get  a 
vision  of  what  the  general  circumstances  of 
the  world  are.  and  there  is  for  the  first  time 
in  history  an  international  sympathy  which  is 
quick  and  vital — a  sympathy  which  does  not 
display  itself  merely  in  the  contact  of  govern- 
ments, but  displays  itself  in  the  silent  inter- 
course of  sympathy  between  great  bodies  that 
constitute  gre?t  nations,  and  the  significance 
of  a  conference  like  this  is  that  we  are  express- 
ing in  it,  and  will.  I  believe,  express  in  the 
results  of  this  conference,  our  consciousness 
that  we  are  servants  of  this  great  silent  mass 
of  people  who  constitute  the  United  States 
and  that  as  their  servants  it  is  our  business, 
as  it  is  pur  privilege,  to  find  out  how  we  can 
best  assist  in  making  their  lives  what  they 
wish  them  to  be,  giving-  them  the  opportunities 
that  they  ought  to  have,  assisting  by  public 
counsel  in  the  private  affairs  upon  which  the 
happiness  of  men  depend?. 

"And  so  I  am  the  more  distressed  that  I 
cannot  take  part  in  these  councils  because 
my  present  business  is  to  understand  what 
Plain  men  everyhere  want.  It  is  perfectly 
understood  in  Paris  that  we  are  not  meeting 
there  as  the  masters  of  anybody — that  we 
are  meeting  there  as  the  servants  of,  I  be- 
lieve it  is.  about  700,000.000  people,  and 
that  unless  we  show  that  we  understand  the 
business  of  servants,  we  will  not  satisfy  them 
and  we  will  not  accomplish  the  peace  of  ths 
world,  and  that  if  we  show  that  we  want  to 
serve  any  interest  but  theirs  we  will  have  be- 
come candidates  for  the  most  lasting  dis- 
credit that  will  ever  attach  to  men  in  history. 

"And  so  it  is  with  this  profound  feeling  of  the 
significance  of  the  things  you  are  undertak- 
ing that  I  bid  you  welcome,  because  I  believe 
you  have  come  together  in  the  spirit  which 
I  have  tried  to  indicate  and  that  we  will  to- 
gether concert  methods  of  co-operation  and  in- 
dividual action  which  will  really  accomplish 
what  we  wish  to  see  accomplished  in  steady- 
ing and  easing  and  facilitating  the  whole  la- 
bor processes  of  the  United  States." 

Metropolitan  Opera  House  Speech. 
Congress  adjourned  on  March  4.  after  a 
filibuster  by  Senators  Sherman  of  Illinois,  L,a- 
Follette  of  Wisconsin  and  France  of  Maryland 
had  prevented  the  passage  of  the  general 
deficiency  bill  and  other  legislation.  This 
caused  the  president  to  criticize  the  obstruc- 
tionists severely,  but  did  not  change  his  de- 
termination not  to  call  an  extra  session  of 
congress.  He  left  the  same  afternoon  for 


Mew  York  city,  where  in  the  evening  at  the 
Metropolitan  opera  house  he  made  a  speech 
in  which  he  defended  his  course  in  the  Paris 
negotiations  and  attacked  the  arguments  of  his 
critics. 

The  meeting  in  New  York  was  arranged  by 
a  nonpartisan  citizens'  committee  formed  by 
Gov.  Alired  E.  Smith,  who  presided.  Ex- 
President  Taft.  who  next  to  President  Wilson 
was  the  main  speaker  of  the  occasion,  defended 
the  league  and  denied  that  the  Monroe  doctrine 
was  impaired.  Following  is  the  text  of  Presi- 
dent Wilson's  speech: 

"My  Fellow  Citizens:  I  accept  the  intima- 
tion of  the  air  just  played.  I  will  not  come 
back  'till  it's  over  over  there.'  And  yet  I  pray 
God.  in  the  interests  of  peace  and  of  the 
world,  that  that  may  be  soon. 

"The  first  thing  I  am  going1  to  tell  the  peo- 
ple on  the  other  side  of  the  water  is  that  an 
overwhelming  majority  of  the  American  people 
is  in  favor  of  the  league  of  nations.  I  know 
that  that  is  true:  I  have  had  unmistakable 
intimations  of  it  from  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, and  the  voice  rings  true  in  every  case. 

"I  count  myself  fortunate  to  speak  here  un- 
der the  unusual  circumstances  of  this  evening. 
I  am  happy  to  associate  myself  with  Mr.  Taft 
in  this  great  cause.  He  has  displayed  an  ele- 
vation of  view  and  a  devotion  to  public  duty 
which  is  beyond  praise. 

"And  I  am  the  more  happy  because  this 
means  that  this  is  not  a  party  issue.  No 
party  has  the  right  to  appropriate  this  issue, 
and  no  party  -will  in  the  long:  run  dare  op- 
pose it. 

"We  have  listened  to  so  clear  and  admirable 
an  exposition  of  many  of  the  main  features  of 
the  proposed  covenant  of  the  league  of  na- 
tions that  it  is  perhaps  not  necessary  for  me 
to  discuss  in  any  particular  way  the  contents 
of  the  document.  I  will  seek  rather  to  give 
you  its  setting. 

"I  do  not  know  when  I  have  been  more  im- 
pressed than  by  the  conferences  of  the  com- 
mission set  up  by  the  conference  of  peace  to 
draw  up  a  covenant  for  the  league  of  nations. 

"The  representatives  of  fourteen  nations  sat 
around  that  board — not  young-  men.  not  men 
inexperienced  in  the  affairs  of  their  own  coun- 
tries, not  men  inexperienced  in  the  politics  of 
the  world:  and  the  inspiring  influence  of 
every  meeting  was  the  concurrence  of  purpose 
on  the  part  of  all  those  men  to  come  to  an 
agreement  and  an  effective  working  agreement 
with  regard  to  this  league  of  the  civilized 
world. 

''There  was  a  conviction  in  the  whole  im- 
pulse: there  was  a  conviction  of  more  than 
one  sort:  there  was  the  conviction  that  this 
thing  ougrht  to  be  done,  and  there  was  also  the 
conviction  that  not  a  man  there  would  ven- 
ture to  go  home  and  say  that  he  had  not  tried 
to  do  it. 

"Mr.  Taft  has  set  the  picture  for  you  of 
what  a  failure  of  this  great  purpose  would 
mean.  We  have  been  hearing  for  all  these 
weary  months  that  this  asony  of  war  has 
lasted  because  of  the  sinister  purposes  of  the 
central  empires,  and  we  have  made  maps  of 
the  course  that  they  meant  their  conquests  to 
take. 

"Where  did  the  lines  of  that  map  lie.  of  that 
central  line  that  we  used  to  call  from  Bremen 
to  Bag-dad? 

"They  lay  through  these  very  regions  to 
which  Mr.  Taft  has  called  your  attention,  but 
they  lay  then  through  a  united  empire — the 
Austro-Hungarian  empire,  whose  integrity  Ger- 
many was  bound  to  respect  as  her  ally,  lay 
in  the  path  of  that  line  of  conquest:  the 
Turkish  empire,  whose  interests  she  professed 
to  make  her  own,  lay  in  the  direct  path  that 
she  intended  to  tread. 

"And  now  what  has  happened?  The  Aus- 
tro-Hungarian empire  has  gone  to  pieces  and 
the  Turkish  empire  has  disappeared^  and  the 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


291 


nations  that  eflected  that  great  result— for 
it  was  a  result  of  liberation— are  now  le- 
sponsible  as  the  trustees  of  the  assets  of  those 
great  nations. 

"You  not  only  would  have  weak  nations 
lying-  in  this  path,  but  you  would  have  na- 
tions in  which  that  old  poisonous  seed  of  in- 
trigue could  be  planted  with  the  certainty  {hat 
the  crop  would  be  abundant;  and  one  of  the 
things  that  the  league  of  nations  is  intended 
to  watch  is  the  course  of  intrigue. 

"Intrigue  cannot  stand  publicity,  and  if  the 
league  of  nations  were  nothing  but  a  great 
debating  society  it  would  kill  intrigue. 

"It  is  one  of  the  agreements  of  this  cove- 
nant that  it  is  the  friendly  right  of  every  na- 
tion a  member  of  the  league  to  call  atten- 
tion to  anything  that  it  thinks  will  dis- 
turb the  peace  of  the  world,  no  matter  where 
that  thing-  is  occurring. 

"There  is  no  subject  that  may  touch  the 
peace  of  the  world  which  is  exempt  from 
inquiry  and  discussion,  and  I  think  every- 
body here  present  will  agree  with  me  that 
Germany  would  never  have  gone  to  war  if 
she  had  permitted  the  world  to  discuss  the 
aggression  upon  Serbia  for  a  single  week. 

"The  British  foreign  office  suggested,  it 
pleaded,  that  there  might  be  a  day  or  two  delay 
so  that  the  representatives  of  the  nations  of 
Europe  could  get  together  and  discuss  the 
possibilities  of  a  settlement.  Germany  did 
not  dare  permit  a  day's  discussion. 

"You  know  what  happened.  So  soon  as 
the  world  realized  that  an  outlaw  was  at 
large,  the  nations  began  one  by  one  to  draw 
together  against  her. 

"We  know  for  a  certainty  that  if  Germany 
had  thought  for  a  moment  that  Great  Britain 
would  go  in  with  France  and  Russia,  she  neve 
would  have  undertaken  the  enterprise,  and  the 
league  of  nations  is  meant  as  a  notice  to  all 
outlaw  nations  that  not  only  Great  Britain 
but  the  United  States  and  the  rest  of  th': 
world  will  go  in  to  stop  enterprises  of  that 
sort. 

"And  so  the  league  of  nations  is  nothing 
more  nor  less  than  the  covenant  that  the 
world  will  always  maintain  the  standards 
which  it  has  now  vindicated  by  some  of  .the 
most  precious  blood  ever  spilt.  • 

"The  liberated  peoples  of  the  Austro-Hunga- 
rian  empire  and  of  the  Turkish  empire  call 
out  to  us  for  this  thing.  It  has,  not  arisen 
in  the  counsel  of  statesmen. 

"Europe  is  a  bit  sick  at  heart  at  this  very 
moment,  because  it  sees  that  statesmen  have 
no  vision,  and  that  the  only  vision  has  been 
the  vision  of  the  people.  Those  who  suffer 
see.  Those  against  whom  wrong-  ia  wrought 
know  how  desirable  is  the  right  and  the 
righteous. 

"The  nations  that  have  long  been  under  the 
heel  of  the  Austrian,  that  have  long  cowered 
before  the  German,  that  have  long  suffered 
the  indescribable  agonies  of  being  governed  by 
the  Turk,  have  called  out  to  the  world,  gen- 
eration after  generation,  for  justice,  for  lib- 
eration, for  succor,  and  no  cabinet  in  the 
world  has  heard  them. 

"Private  organizations,  pitying  hearts,  phil- 
anthropic men  and  women  have  poured  out 
their  treasure  in  order  to  relieve  these  suffer- 
ings: but  no  nation  has  said  to  the  nations 
responsible.  'You  must  stop;  this  thing  is  in- 
tolerable, and  we  will  not  permit  it..'  And  the 
vision  has  been  with  the  people. 

"My  friends.  I  wish  you  would  reflect  upon 
this  proposition.  The  vision  as  to  what  is 
necessary  for  great  reforms  has  seldom  come 
from  the  top  in  the  nations  in  the  world.  It 
has  come  from  the  need  and  the  aspiration 
and  the  self-assertion  of  great  bodies  of  men 
who  meant  to  be  free. 

"And  I  can  explain  some  of  the  criticisms 
which  have  been  leveled  against  this  great  en- 
terprise only  by  the  supposition  that  the  men 
who  utter  the  criticisms  have  never  felt  the 
great  pulse  of  the  heart  of  the  world. 
"And  I  am  amazed— not  alarmed,  but 


amazed — that  there  should  be  in  some  quar- 
ters such  a  comprehensive  ignorance  of  the 
state  of  the  world.  These  gentlemen  do  not 
know  what  the  mind  of  men  is  just  now. 
Everybody  else  does.  I  do  not  know  where 
they  have  been  closeted:  I  do  not  know  by 
what  influences  they  have  been  blinded;  but  I 
do  know  that  they  have  been  separated  from 
the  general  currents  oi  the  thought  of  man- 
kind. 

"And  I  want  to  utter  this  solemn  wa-n- 
ing.  not  in  the  way  of  a  threat;  the  forces 
of  the  world  do  not  threaten,  they  operate. 
The  great  tides  of  the  world  do  not  give 
notice  that  they  are  going  to  rise  and  run; 
they  rise  in  their  majesty  and  overwhelming 
might,  and  those  who  stand  in  the  way  are 
overwhelmed.  Now  the  heart  of  the  world  is 
awake,  and  the  heart  of  the  world  must  be 
satisfied. 

"Do  not  let  yourselves  suppose  for  a  mo- 
ment that  the  uneasiness  in  the  populations 
of  Europe  is  due  entirely  to  economic  causes 
or  economic  motives;  something  very  much 
deeper  underlies  it  all  than  that. 

"They  see  that  their  governments  have  never 
been  able  to  defend  them  against  intrigue  or 
aggression,  and  that  there  is  no  force  of  fore- 
sight or  of  prudence  in  any  modern  caoin/et  to 
stop  war.  And  therefore  they  say.  'There  must 
be  some  fundamental  cause  for  this,'  and  the 
fundamental  cause  they  are  beginning  to  per- 
ceive to  be  that  nations  have  stood  singly 
or  in  little  jealous  groups  against  each  other, 
fostering  prejudice,  increasing  the  danger  of 
war,  rather  than  concerting  measures  to  pre- 
vent it;  and  that  if  there  is  right  in  the 
world,  if  there  is  justice  in  the  world,  there 
is  no  reason  why  nations  should  be  divided 
in  the  support  of  justice. 

"They  are  therefore  saying  if  you  really  be- 
lieve there  is  a  right,  if  you  really  believe 
•yars  ought  to  be  stopped,  stop  thinking  about 
the  rival  interests  of  nations,  and  think  about 
men  and  women  and  children  throughout  the 

"Nations  are  not  made  to  afford  distinction 
to  their  rulers  by  way  of  success  in  the  ma- 
neuvers of  politics:  nations  are  meant,  if  they 
are  meant  for  anything,  to  make  the  men  and 
women  and  children  in  them  secure  and  hap- 
py and  prosperous,  and  no  nation  has  the 
right  to  set  up  special  interests  against  the 
interests  and  benefits  of  mankind,  least  of 
all  this  great  nation  which  we  love. 

"It  was  set  UP  for  the  benefit  of  mankind: 
it  was  set  up  to  illustrate  the  highest  ideala 
and  to  achieve  the  highest  aspirations  of  men 
who  wanted  to  be  free,  and  the  world — the 
world  of  to-day— believes  that  and  counts  on 
us.  and  would  be  thrown  back  into  the  black- 
ness of  despair  if  we  deserted  it. 

"I  have  tried  once  and  again,  my  fellow 
citizens,  to  say  to  little  circles  of  friends  oi 
to  larger  bodies,  what  seems  to  be  the  real 
hope  of  the  peoples  of  Europe,  and  I  tell  you 
frankly  I  have  not  been  able  to  do  so  because 
when  the  thought  tries  to  crowd  itself  into 
speech,  the  profound  emotion  of  the  thing  is 
too  much:  speech  will  not  carry. 

''I  have  felt  the  tragedy  of  the  hope  Of 
those  suffering  peoples.  It  is  tragedy  because 
it  is  a  hope  which  cannot  be  realized  in  its 
perfection,  and  yet  I  have  felt  besides  its  trag- 
edy, its  compulsion,  its  compulsion  upon  every 
living  man  to  exercise  every  influence  that  ho 
has  to  the  utmost  to  see  that  as  little  aa  pos- 
sible of  that  hope  is  disappointed,  because  if 
men  cannot  now,  after  this  agony  of  bloody 
sweat,  come  to  their  self-possession  and  see 
how  to  regulate  the  affairs  of  the  world  we 
will  sink  back  into  a  period  of  struggle  in 
which  there  will  be  no  hope,  and  therefore  no 
mercy. 

"There  can  be  no  mercy  where  there  is  no 
lope,  for  why  should  you  spare  another  if 
ou  yourself  expect  to  perish?  Why  should 
_  ou  be  pitiful  if  you  can  get  no  pity?  Why 
should  you  be  just  if,  upon  every  hand,  you 
are  put  upon? 


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ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


''There  is  another  thing1  which  I  think  the 
critics  of  this  covenant  have  not  observed. 
They  not  only  have  not  observed  the  temper 
of  the  world,  but  they  have  not  even  observed 
the  temper  of  those  splendid  boys  in  khaki 
that  they  sent  across  the  seas.  I  have  had 
the  proud  consciousness  of  the  reflected  glory 
of  those  boys,  because  the  constitution  made 
me  their  commander  in  chief,  and  they  have 
tauerht  me  some  lessons. 

"When  we  went  into  the  war  we  went  into 
it  on  the  basis  of  declarations  which  it  was 
my  privilege  to  utter,  because  I  believed  them 
to  be  an  interpretation  ol  the  purpose  and 
thought  of  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

"And  those  boys  went  over  there  with  the 
feeling-  that  they  were  sacredly  bound  to  the 
realization  of  those  ideals:  that  they  were  not 
only  going  over  there  to  beat  Germany:  they 
were  not  going  over  there  merely  with  resent- 
ment in  their  hearts  against  a  particular  out- 
law nation:  but  that  they  were  crossing  those 
three  thousand  miles  of  sea  in  order  to  show 
to  Europe  that  the  United  States,  when  it 
became  necessary,  would  go  anywhere  where 
the  rights  of  mankind  were  threatened. 

"They  would  not  sit  still  in  the  trenches. 
They  would  not  be  restrained  by  the  prudence 
of  experienced  continental  commanders.  They 
thought  they  had  come  over  there  to  do  a 
particular  thing,  and  they  were  going  to  do 
it  and  do  it  at  once. 

"And  juist  as  soon  as  that  rush  of  spirit 
as  well  as  rush  of  body  came  in  contact  with 
the  lines  of  the  enemy  they  began  to  breafe. 
and  they  continued  to  break  until  the  end. 
They  continued  to  break,  my  fellow  citizens, 
not  merely  because  of  the  physical  force  of 
those  lusty  youngsters,  but  because  of  the  ir- 
resistible spiritual  iorce  of  the  armies  of  the 
United  States.  It  was  that  they  felt.  It  was 
that  that  awed  them.  It  was  that  that  made 
them  feel,  if  these  youngsters  ever  got  a  foot- 
hold they  could  never  be  dislodged  and.  there- 
fore, every  foot  of  ground  that  they  won  was 
permanently  won  for  the  liberty  of  mankind. 

"And  do  you  suppose  that  having  felt 
-that  crusading:  spirit  of  these  youngsters,  who 
went  over  there  not  to  glorify  America,  but 
to  serve  their  fellow  men,  I  am  going  to 
permit  myself  for  one  moment  to  slacken  in 
my  effort  to  be  worthy  of  them  and  their 
cause?  What  I  said  at  the  opening  I  said 
with  a  deeper  meaning  than  perhaps  you  have 
caught ;  I  do  mean  not  to  come  back  until 
'it's  over  over  there,'  and  it  must  not  be  over 
until  the  nations  of  the  world  are  assured 
of  the  permanency  of  peace. 

"Gentlemen  on  this  side  of  the  water  would 
be  very  much  profited  by  getting  into  com- 
munication with  some  gentlemen  on  the  other 
t-ide  of  the  water.  We  sometimes  think,  my 
fellow  citizens  that  the  experienced  statesmen 
of  the  European  nations  are  an  unusually 
hard  headed  set  of  men,  by  which  we  gener- 
ally mean,  although  we  do  not  admit  it,  that 
they  are  a  bit  cynical:  that  they  say,  "This  is 
a  very  practical  world,*  by  which  you  always 
mean  that  it  is  not  an  ideal  world:  that  they 
do  not  believe  that  things  can  be  settled  upon 
an  ideal  basis. 

"Well.  I  never  came  into  intimate  contact 
with  them  before,  but  if  they  used  to  be  that 
way,  they  are  not  that  way  now.  They  have 
been  subdued,  if  that  was  once  their  temper, 
by  the  awful  significance  of  recent  events  and 
the  awful  importance  of  what  is  to  ensue;  and 
there  is  not  one  of  them  with  whom  I  have 
come  in  contact  who  does  not  feel  that  he 
cannot  in  conscience  return  to  his  people  from 
Paris  unless  he  has  done  his  utmost  to  do 
something  more  than  attach  his  name  to  a 
treaty  of  peace. 

"Every  man  in  that  conference  knows  that 
the  treaty  of  peace  in  itself  will  be  inopera- 
tive, as  Mr.  Taft  had  said,  without  the  con- 
-stant  support  and  energy  of  a  great  organiza- 


tiong8Uch  as  is  supplied  by  the  league  of  na- 


in  their  JmI?««eaP£  E°  co"nsel  of  generosity 

'Trom  being  what  I  will  venture  to  call 
the  most  famous  and  the  most  powerful  na- 
tion in  the  world  we  would  of  a  imriAZn 
have  become  the  most  contemptibll.  So  I  dfd 
not  need  to  be  told,  as  I  have  been  told  t*22 
Pte^le  °f  the*  United  States  would  {££- 
Amerlcan  *nd 


did  not  mean  our  professions  of  principles 
They  thought  so  until  April  of  1917  if  was 

™E«  flSrfSS  t0  Vhem  that  we  would  do 
more  than  send  a  few  men  over  and  go 

£wU£hitWori59  of  ^P™*.  and  when  thly 
saw  multitudes  hastening  across  the  sea  and 
saw  what  those  multitudes  were  eager  to  do 
when  they  got  .to  the  other  side,  they  stood 
amazed,  and  said:  'The  thing  is  real:  this 
nation  is  the  friend  of  mankind,  as  it  said 
it  was.'  The  enthusiasm,  the  hope  the  trust 
the  confidence  in  the  future,  bred  by  that 
change  of  view,  is  indescribable 

'Take  an  individual  American  and  you  may 
often  find  him  selfish  and  confined  to  Ms 
special  interests:  but  take  the  American  in 
the  mass  and  he  is  willing  to  die  f  or  an^idea 

The  sweet  revenge,  therefore,  is  this  that 
we  believed  in  righteousness,  and  now  we  are 
ready  to  make  the  supreme  sacrifice  for  it- 
the  supreme  sacrifice  of  throwing  in  our  for- 
iunesrr,^lth  the  fort"nes  of  men  everywhere. 
Mr.  Taft  was  speaking  of  Washington's  ut- 
terance about  entangling  alliances  and  if  he 
will  permit  me  to  say  so.  he  put  the  exactly 
right  interpretation  upon  what  Washington 
said,  the  interpretation  that  is  inevitable  if 
you  read  what  he  said,  as  most  of  these  gen- 
tlemen do  not.  and  the  thing  that  he  longed 
for  was  just  what  we  are  now  about  to  sup- 

SflS  aKncfsmfnntthriCSrldWi11  ******** 
"Nothing  entangles,  nothing  enmeshes  a  man 
except  a  selfish  combination  with  somebody 
else  Nothing  entangles  a  nation,  hampers  it 
or  binds  it,  except  to  enter  into  a  combina- 
tion with  some  other  nation  against  the  other 
nations  of  the  world.  And  this  great  dis- 
entanglement of  all  alliances  is  now  to  be  ac- 
complished. by  this  covenant,  because  one  of 
the  covenants,  is  that  no  nation  shall  enter 
into.  any  relationship  with  another  nation  in- 
cor  Distent  with  the  covenants  of  the  league  of 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


293 


"Nations  promise  not  to  have  alliances.  Na- 
tions promise  not  to  make  combinations 
against  each  other.  Nations  agree  that  there 
shall  be  but  one  combination  and  that  is  the 
combination  of  all  against  the  wrongdoer.  And 
so  I  am  going1  back  to  my  task  on  the  other 
side  with  renewed  vigor.  I  had  not  forgotten 
what  the  spirit  of  the  American  people  is, 
but  I  have  been  immensely  refreshed  by 
coming  in  contact  with  it  again.  I  did  not 
know  how  good  home  felt  until  I  got  there. 

"The  only  place  a  man  can  feel  at  home 
is  where  nothing  has  to  be  explained  to  him. 
Nothing  has  to  be  explained  to  me  in  Amer- 
ica, least  of  all  the  sentiment  of  the  American 
people.  I  mean  about  great  fundamental 
things  like  this.  There  are  many  differences 
9f  judgment  as  to  policy— and  perfectly  legit- 
imate. Sometimes  profound  differences  of 
judgment,  but  those  are  not  differences  of  sen- 
timent: those  ire  not  differences  of  purposes; 
those  are  not  differences  of  ideals.  And  the 
advantage  of  not  having  to  have  anything  ex- 
plained to  you  is  that  you  recognize  a  wrong 
explanation  when  you  hear  it. 

-In  a  certain  rather  abandoned  part  of  the 


frontier  at  one  time  it  was  said  they  found  a 
man  who  told  the  truth.  He  was  not  found 
telling  it.  but  he  could  tell  it  when  he  heard 


it.  and  I  think  I  am  in  that  situation  with 
regard  to  some  of  the  criticisms  I  have  heard. 
They  do  not  make  any  impression  on  me.  be- 
cause I  Know  there  is  no  .medium  that  will 
transmit  tnem.  that  the  sentiment  of  the  coun- 
try is  proof  against  such  narrowness  and  such 
selfishness  as  that.  I  commend  these  gentle- 
men to  communion  with  their  fellow  citizens. 

"What  are  we  to  say.  then,  as  to  the  fu- 
ture? I  think,  my  fellow  citizens,  that  we 
can  look  forward  to  it  with  great  confidence 
7v> nave,  "card  cheering-  news  since  I  came  to 
.this  side  of  the  water  about  the  progress  that 
«  being  made  in  Paris  toward  the  discussion 
and  clarification  of  a  great  many  difficult 
matters,  and  I  believe  that  settlements  will 
begin  to  be  made  rather  rapidly  from  this 
time  on  at  those  conferences. 

"But  what  I  believe— what  I  know  as  well 
as  believe— is  this:  That  the  men  engaged  in 
those  conferences  are  gathering-  heart  as  they 
go.  not  losing  it:  that  they  are  finding  com- 
munity of  purpose  and  community  of  ideal 
l<>  an  extent  that  perhaps  they  did  not  expect 
and  that  amidst  all  the  interplay  of  influence 
-because  it  is  infinitely  complicated-amidst 
all  the  interplay  of  influence,  there  is  a  for- 
ward movement  which  is  running  toward  the 
right.  Men  have  at  last  perceived  that  the 
only  permanent  thing  in  the  world  is  the  right 
and  that  a  wrong  settlement  is  bound  to  be 
a  temporary  settlement  for  the  very  best  rea- 
son of  all— that  it  ought  to  be  a  temporary 
settlement.  And  the  spirits  of  men  will  rebel 

thT'sadd'le  SDiritS  °f  men  are  nOw  in 

"When  I  was  in  Italy  a  little  limping  group 
of  wounded  Italian  soldiers  sought  an  inter- 
view with  me.  I  could  not  conjecture  what 

lt-*Haf>, they  were  ?oin?  to  say  to  me-  an<J 
with  the  greatest  simplicity— with  a  touching 
simplicity— they  presented  me  with  a  petition 
in  lavor  of  the  league  of  nations.  Their 
wounded  limbs,  their  impaired  vitality  were 
the  only  argument  they  brought  with 'them 
It  was  a  simple  request  that  I  lend  all  the 
influence  that  I  might  happen  to  have  to  re- 
lieve future  generations  of  the  sacrifices  that 
they  had  been  obliged  to  make. 

"That  appeal  has  remained  in  my  mind  as 
I  have  ridden  along  the  streets  in  European 
capitals  and  heard  cries  of  the  crowd — cries 
for  the  league  of  nations— from  lips  of  people 
who.  I  venture  to  say,  had  no  particular  no- 
tion of  how  it  was  to  be  done:  who  were 
not  ready  to  propose  a  plan  for  a  league  of 
nations,  but  whose  hearts  said  that  some- 
thing by  way  of  a  combination  of  all  men 
everywhere  must  come  out  of  this. 

"As  we  drove  along  country  roads  weak 
old  women  would  come  out  and  hold  flowers 
to  us.  Why  should  they  hold  flowers  up  to 


strangers  from  across  the  Atlantic?     Only  be- 
cause they  believed  that  we  were  the  mesaen- 
erers    of    friendship    and    of    hope,    and    these 
lowers   were  their  humble   offerings   of  grati- 


tude   that    friends    from    so   great    a    distance 
should  have  brought  them  so  great  a  hope. 
It   is   inconceivable   that   we   should  disap- 


point them,  and  we  shall  not.  The  day  win 
come  when  men  in  America  will  look  back 
with  swelling  hearts  and  rising  pride  that  they 
should  have  been  privileged  to  make  the  sac- 
rifice which  it  was  necessary  to  make  in  order 
to  combine  their  might  and  their  moral  powei 
with  the  cause  of  justice  for  men  of  every 
kind  everywhere. 

"God  give  us  strength  and  vision  to  do  it 
wisely.  God  give  us  the  privilege  of  knowing 
that  we  did  it  without  counting  the  cost,  and 
because  we  were  true  Americans,  lovers  of 
liberty  and  of  doing  right." 

More  Speeches  in  France. 
On  the  morning  of  March  5  President  and 
Mrs.  Wilson  again  boarded  the  transport 
George  Washington,  which  sailed  for  Brest. 
France,  convoyed  by  the  battleship  Montana. 
The,  French  port  was  reached  March  13  and 
on  the  following  morning  the  presidential 
party  reached  Paris,  whers  it  was  welcomed  by 
President  and  Mme.  Poincare,  Premier  Clemen- 
ceau  and  other  officials.  There  was  no  demon- 
stration such  as  attended  the  arrival  of  the 
president  in  the  French  capital,  yet  the  wel- 
come was  cordial  both  on  the  part  of  the 
French  officials  and  on  that  of  the  public. 
President  and  Mrs.  Wilson  took  up  their  abode 
I  in  the  Hotel  Boschoffsheim,  a  private  residence 
in  the  Place  des  Etats-Unis,  which  they  oc- 
cupied as  the  guests  of  the  French  govern- 
ment during  the  remainder  of  their  stay  in 

From  this  time  on  until  the  signing  of  the 
peace  treaty  with  Germany  the  president  de- 
voted nearly  all  his  time  and  energy  to  con- 
ferences with  the  other  leading  peace  dele- 
gates in  an  effort  to  overcome  the  many  and 
serious  obstacles  in  the  way  of  an  agreement. 
An  outline  of  his  activities  in  this  direction 
will  be  found  in  the  history  of  the  peace  con- 
ference itself.  He  found  time,  however,  from 
his  arduous  duties  to  make  a  limited  number 
of  addresses  not  directly  connected  with  his 
work  as  a  peace  delegate. 

Spirit  of  America. 

In  a  speech  before  the  International  Law 
association  in  Paris.  France.  May  9.  President 

3 


_  have  tried  to  do  and  what  I  have 

said  in  speaking  for  America  was  to.  speak 
the  mind  of  America,  to  speak  the  impulse 
and  the  principles  of  America.  And  the  only 
proof  I  have  of  my  success  is  that  the  spirit 
of  America  responded  without  stint  or  limit 
and  proved  that  it  was  ready  to  do  that  thing 
which  I  was  privileged  to  call  upon  it  to  do. 

"And  we  have  illustrated,  in  this  spirit  of 
America,  something  which  perhaps  may  serve 
as  a  partial  guide  for  the  future.  May  I 
say  that  one  of  the  things  that  have  disturbed 
me  in  recent  months  is  the  hope  that  men 
have  entertained  everywhere  of  immediate 
emancipation  from  the  things  that  have  ham- 
pered them  and  oppressed  them?  You  cam 
in  human  experience,  rush  into  the  light. 

"You  cannot  throw  off  the  habits  of 
ciety  immediately  any  more  than  you  can 
throv  off  the  habits  of  the  individual  im- 
mediately. They  must  be  slowly  got  rid  of.  or. 
rather,  they  must  be  slowly  altered.  They 
must  be  slowly  adapted,  they  must  be  slowly 
shaped  to  the  new  ends  for  which  we  would 
use  them. 

"Your  studies  are  devoted  to  one  of  th0 
things  which  will  be  of  most  consequence  to 
men  in  the  future,  the  intelligent  develop- 
ment of  international  law.  In  one  sense  this 
great  unprecedented  war  was  fought  to  give 
validity  to  international  law,  to  prove  that 
had  a  reality  which  no  nation  could  afford 


cannot. 


it 

to 


294 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


disres-ard-  that  while  it  did  not  have  .the  or- 
dinal sanctions.  while  there  was  no  interna- 
tional authority  to  enforce  it.  it  nevertheless 
had  something  behind  it  which  was  greater 
than  that,  the  moral  rectitude  of  mankind. 
"'If  we  can  give  to  international  law  the 
kind  of  vitality  which  it  can  have  only  if  it 
is  a  real  Expression  of  our  moral  judgment  we 
shall  have  completed  in  some  sense  the  work 
which  this  war  was  intended  to  emphasize. 

'•International  law  has  perhaps  sometimes 
been  a  little  too  much  thought  out  in  the 
closet.  International  law  has  been  handled  too 
exclusively  by  lawyers.  Lawyers  like  definite 
lines  They  like  systematic  arrangements 
They  are  uneasy  if  they  depart  from  what  was 
done  yesterday.  They  dread  experiments.  They 
like  charted  seas,  and  if  they  have  no  charts 
hardly  venture  to  undertake  the  voyage. 

"Now  we  must  venture  upon  uncharted  seas. 
In  the  new  league  of  nations  we  are  starting 
out  on  uncharted  seas,  and  therefore  we  must 
have  steadiness  of  purpose.  And  we  must  not 
be  afraid  of  new  things,  at  the  same  time  that 
we  must  not  be  intolerant  of  old  things. 

"The    heart    of    the    world    is    under    plain 

ckets.     The  heart  of  the  world  .is.  at  simple 


.  .. 

firesides.  The  heart  of  the  world  is  in  humble 
circumstances,  and  unless  you  know  the  pres- 
sure of  life  of  the  humbler  classes  you  'know 
nothing  of  life  whatever 


whom    you    are    not    *~ -r-.    -- —    --    ~f  -- 

to  them.  To  live  and  let  live,  to  work  for 
people  and  with  people,  is  at  the  bottom  of 
the  kind  of  experience  which  must  underlie 


"In  a  sense  the  old  enterprise  of  national 
law  is  played  out.  I  mean  that  the  future  of 
mankind  depends  more  upon  the  relations  of 
nations  to  one  another,  more  upon  the  realiza- 
tion of  the  common  brotherhood  of  mankind, 
than  upon  the  separate  and  selfish  develop- 
ment of  national  systems  of  law:  so  that  the 
men  who  can,  if  I  may  express  it  so.  think 
without  language,  think  the  common  thoughts 
of  humanity,  are  the  men  who  will  be  most 
serviceable  in  the  immediate  future. 

"God  grant  that  there  may  be  many  of 
them,  that  many  .men  may  see  this  nope  ana 
wish  to  advance  it." 

America  for  Justice. 

Speaking  in  Paris,  France.  May  10.  at  a 
session  of  the  Academy  of  Moral  and  Political 
Sciences,  of  which  he  was  elected  a  member 
in  1918,  President  Wilson  said: 

"I  have  had  in  recent  months  one  very  deep 
sense  of  privilege.  I  have  been  keenly  aware 
that  there  have  been  times  when  the  peoples 
of  Europe  have  not  understood  the  people  of 
the  United  States.  We  have  been  too  often 
supposed  to  have  been  devoted  chiefly,  if  not 
entirely,  to  material  enterprises.  We  have  been 
supposed,  in  the  common  phrase,  to  worship 
the  almighty  dollar. 

"We  have  accumulated  wealth,  we  have  de- 
voted ourselves  to  material  enterprises  with 
extraordinary  success,  but  there  has  underlain 
all  of  that,  all  the  time,  a  common  sense  of 
humanity  and  a  common  sympathy  with  the 
high  principles  of  justice  which  has  never 
grown  dim. 

"A  great  many  of  my  colleagues  in  Amer- 
ican university  life  got  their  training,  even  in 
political  science,  as  so  many  men  in  civil 
circles  did,  in  German  universities.  I  have 
been  obliged  at  various  times  to  read  a  great 
deal  of  bad  German,  difficult  German,  awk- 
ward German,  and  I  have  been  aware  that 
the  thought  was  as  awkward  as  the  phrase, 
that  the  thought  was  rooted  in  a  fundamental 
misconception  of  the  .state  and  of  the  political 
life  of  peoples. 

"And  it  has  been  a  portion  of  my  effort 
to  disengage  the  thought  of  American  uni- 
versity tochers  from  the  misguided  instruc- 
tion which  they  had  received  on  this  side  of 


the  sea.  Their  American  spirit  anticipated 
most  of  them,  as  a  matter  of  course,  but  the 
form  of  thought  sometimes  misled  them.  They 
speak  too  o^ten  of  the  state  as  a  thing  which 
would  ignore  the  individual,  as  a  thing-  which 
was  privileged  to  dominate  the  fortune  of  men 
by  a  sort  of  inherent  and  sacred  authority. 

"Now  as  an  utter  democrat.  I  have  never 
been  able  to  accept  that  view  of  the  state. 
My  view  of  the  state  is  that  each  man  has 
the  right  to  have  his  voice  heard  and  his 
counsel  heeded,  in  so  far  as  it  is  worthy  of 
him. 

.  "I  have  always  been  among  those  who  be- 
lieve that  the  greatest  freedom  of  speech  was 
the  greatest  safety,  because  if  a  man  is  a 
fool  the  best  thing  to  do  it  to  encourage  him 
to  advertise  the  fact  by  speaking.  It  cannot 
be  so  easily  discovered  if  you  allow  him  to 
remain  silent  and  look  wise,  but  if  you  let 
him  speak,  the  secret  is  out  and  the  world 
knows  that  he  is  a  fool." 

Speech  at  Pessoa  Dinner. 

Speaking  at  a  dinner  given  by  the  Pan- 
American  ueace  delegation  in  honor  of  Dr. 
Epitacio  Pessoa,  president-elect  of  Brazil,  in 
Fans  on  the  evening  of  May  26,  President 
Wilson  said: 

"The  honor  has  been  accorded  me  of  making 
the  first  speech  to-night,  and  I  am  very  glad 
to  avail  myself  of  that  privilege.  I  want 
to  say  that  I  feel  very  much  at  home  in 
this  company,  though,  after  all.  I  suppose  no 
one  of  us  feels  thoroughly  at  home  except  on 
tha  other  side  of  the  water.  We  all  feel  in 
a  very  real  sense  that  we  have  a  common 
home,  because  we  live  in  the  atmosphere  ol 
the  same  conceptions  and.  I  think,  with  the 
same  political  ambitions  and  principles. 

"I  am  particularly  glad  to  have  the  oppor- 
tunity of  paying  my  respects  to  Mr.  Pessoa.  It 
is  very  delightful,  for  one  thing,  if  I  may 
say  so,  to  know  that  my  presidency  is  not 
ahead  of  me  and  that  his  presidency  is  ahead 
of  him.  I  wish  him  every  happiness  and 
every  success  with  the  greatest  earnestness, 
and  yet  I  cannot,  if  I  may  judge  by  my  own 
experience,  expect  for  him  a  very  great  ex- 
hilaration in  the  performance  of  the  duties 
of  his  office,  because,  after  all,  to  be  the  head 
of  an  American  state  is  a  task  of  unrelieved 
responsibility.  American  constitutions  as  a 
rule  put  so  many  duties  of  the  highest  sort 
upon  the  president,  and  so  much  of  the 
responsibilty  of  affairs  of  state  is.  centered 
upon  him.  that  his  years  of  office  are  apt  to 
be  years  a  little  weighted  with  anxiety,  a 
little  burdened  with  the  sense  of  the  obliga- 
tion of  speaking  for  his  people,  speaking  what 
they  really  think  and  endeavoring1  to  ac- 
complish what  they  really  desire. 

"I  suppose  no  more  delicate  task  is  given 
any  man  than  to  interpret  the  feelings  and 
the  purposes  of  a  great  people.  I  know  that, 
if  I  may  speak  for  myself,  the  chief  anxiety 
I  have  had  has  been  to  be  the  true  interpreter 
of  a  national  spirit,  expressing  no  private  and 
peculiar  views,  but  t^ing  to  express  the  gen- 
eral spirit  of  a  nation.  And  a  nation  looks 
to  its  president  to  do  that:  and  the  comrade- 
ship of  an  evening  like  this  does  not  consist 
merely  of  the  sense  of  neighborhood.  We  are 
neighbors.  We  have  always  been  friends.  But 
that  is  all  old.  Something  new  has  hap- 
pened. I  am  not  sure  that  I  can  put  it 
into  words,  but  there  has  been  added  to  the 
common  principles  which  have  united  the 
Americas  time  out  of  mind  a  feeling  that  the 
world  at  large  has  accented  those  principles, 
that  there  has  gone  a  thrill  of  hope  and  of 
expectation  throughout  the  nations  of  the 
world  which  somehow  s^pms  to  have  its  source 
and  fountain  in  the  thiners  we  always  be- 
lieved in.  It  is  as  if  the  pure  waters  of  the 
fountains  we  had  always  drunk  from  had  now 
nepn  nnt  to  the  lips  of  pll  Peoples,  and  the* 
had  drunk  and  were  refreshed. 


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295 


"And  it  is  a  delightful  thought  to  believe 
that  these  are  fountains  which  sprang1  up  out 
of  the  soil  of  the  Americas.  I  am  not.  of 
course,  suggesting;  or  believing1  that  political 
liberty  had  its  birth  in  the  American  hemi- 
sphere, because  of  course  it  had  not,  but  the 
peculiar  expression  of  it  characteristic  of  the 
modern  time,  that  broad  republicanism,  that 
genuine  feeling  and  practice  of  democracy,  that 
is  becoming  characteristic  of  the  modern  world, 
did  have  its  origin  in  America:  and  the  re- 
sponse of  the  peoples  of  the  world  to  this 
new  expression  is,  we  may  perhaps  pride  our- 
selves, a  response  to  an  American  suggestion 

''If  that  is  true,  we  owe  the  world  a  pecul- 
iar service.  If  we  originated  great  practices 
we  must  ourselves  be  worthy  of  them.  J 
remember  not  long  ago  attending  a  very  in- 
teresting meeting  which  was  held  in  the  in- 
terest of  combining  Christian  missionary  effort 
throughout  the  world.  I  mean  eliminating 
the  rivalry  between  churches  and  agreeing  that 
Christian  missionaries  should  not  represent 
this,  that  or  the  other  church,  but  represent 
the  general  Christian  impulse  and  principlt 
of  the  world.  I  said  I  was  thoroughly  ir 
sympathy  with  the  principle,  but  that  I  hoped 
if  it  was  adopted,  the  inhabitants  of  the 
heathen  countries  would  not  come  to  look 
at  us,  because  we  were  not  ourselves  united, 
but  divided:  that  while  we  were  asking  them 
to  unite,  we  ourselves  did  not  set  the  example. 

"My  moral  from  that  recollection  is  this: 
We.  among  other  friends  of  liberty,  are  asking 
the  world  to  unite  in  the  interest  of  brother- 
hood and  mutual  service  and  the  genuine  ad- 
vancement of  individual  and  corporate  liberty 
throughout  the  world;  therefore  we  must  set 
the  example. 

"I  will  recall  here  to  some  of  you  an  effort 
that  I  myself  made  some  years  ago,  soon  after 
I  assumed  the  presidency  of  the  United  States, 
to  do  that  very  thing.  I  was  urging  the  other 
states  of  America  to  unite  with  the  United 
States  in  doing  something  which  very  closely 
resembled  the  formation  'of  the  present  league 
of  nations.  I  was  ambitious  to  have  the 
Americas  do  the  thing  first  and  set  the  exam- 
ple to  the  world  of  what  we  are  now  about 
to  realize.  I  had  a  double  object  in  it;  not 
only  my  pride  that  the  Americas  should  set 
the  example  and  show  the  genuineness  of  their 
principles,  but  that  the  United  States  should 
have  a  new  relation  to  the  other  Americas. 
The  United  States  upon  a  famous  occasion 
warned  the  governments  of  Europe  that  i' 
would  regard  it  as  an  unfriendly  act  if  they 
tried  to  overturn  free  institutions  in  the  west- 
ern hemisphere  and  to  substitute  their  own  sys- 
tems of  government,  which  at  that  time  were 
inimical  to  those  free  institutions:  but,  while 
the  United  States  thus  undertook  of  its  own 
motion  to  be  the  champion  of  America  against 
such  aggressions  from  Europe,  it  did  not  givn 
any  conclusive  assurance  that  it  woula  never 
itself  be  the  aggressor.  What  I  wanted  to  do 
in  the  proposals  to  which  I  have  just  referred 
was  to  offer  to  the  other  American  states  our 
own  bond  that  they  were  safe  against  us.  and 
any  illicit  ambitions  we  might  entertain,  as 
well  as  safe,  so  far  as  the  power  of  the 
United  States  could  make  them  safe,  against 
foreign  nations. 

J<Of  course  I  am  sorry  that  happy  consum- 
mation did  not  come,  but.  after  all,  no  doubt 
the  impulse  was  contributed  to  by  us  which 
has  now  led  to  a  sort  of  mutual  pledge  on 
the  part  of  all  the  self-governing  nations  of 
the  world  that  th°y  will  be  friends  to  each 
other,  not  only,  but  tha.  they  will  take  pains 
to  secure  each  other's  safety  and  independ- 
ence and  territorial  integrity. 

"No  greater  thing  has  ever  happened  in  the 
political  world  than  that,  and  I  am  particu- 
larly gratified  to-night  to  think  of  the  hours 
I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  spending-  with  Mr. 
Pessoa  as  a  member,  along  with  him,  of  the 
commission  on  the  league  of  nations  which 
prepared  the  covenant  which  was  submitted 
to  the  conference  I  have  felt  as  I  looked 
flown  the  table  ana  caught  his  eye,  that  we 


had  the  same  American  mind  in  regard  to  the 
business,  and  when  I  made  suggestions  or 
used  arguments  that  I  felt  were  character- 
istically American  I  would  always  catch  sym- 
pathy in  his  eyes.  When  others  perhaps  did 
not  catch  the  point  at  once,  he  always  caught 
it,  because,  though  we  were  not  bred  to  the 
same  language  literally,  we  were  bred  to  the 
same  political  language  and  the  same  polit- 
ical thought,  and  our  ideas  were  the  same. 

"It  is,  therefore,  with  a  real  sense  of  com- 
munication and  of  fellowship  and  of  some- 
thing more  than  neighborly  familiarity  that  I 
find  myself  in  this  congenial  company  and 
that  I  take  my  part  -with  you  in  paying  my 
tribute  and  extending  my  warmest,  best  wishes 
to  the  great  country  of  Brazil  and  to  the  gen- 
tleman who  will  worthily  represent  her  in  her 
presidential  chair." 

Memorial  Day  Cable. 

President  Wilson  on  May  29  cabled  the  fol- 
lowing message  to*  the  American  people: 

"My  Fellow  Countrymen:  Memorial  day 
wears  this  year  an  added  significance  and  I 
wish,  if  only  by  a  message,  to  take  part  with 
you  in  its  observation  and  in  expressing  the 
sentiments  which  it  inevitably  suggests.  In  ob- 
serving the  day  we  commemorate  not  only  the 
reunion  of  our  own  country  but  also  now 
the  liberation  of  the  world  from  one  of  the 
most  serious  dangers  to  which  free  government 
and  the  free  life  of  men  were  ever  exposed. 
We  have  buried  the  gallant  and  now  immortal 
men  who  died  in  this  great  war  of  liberation 
with  a  new  sense  of  consecration.  Our 
thoughts  and  purpose  now  are  consecrated  to 
the  maintenance  of  the  liberty  of  the  world 
and  of  the  union  of  its  people  in  a  single 
comradeship  of  liberty  and  of  right.  It  was 
for  this  that  our  men  conscientiously  offered 
their  lives.  They  came  to  the  field  of 
battle  with  the  high  spirit  and  pure  heart 
of  crusaders.  We  must  never  forget  the 
duty  that  their  sacrifices  have  laid  upon  us 
ot  fulfilling  their  hopes  and  their  purpose 
to  the  utmost.  This,  it  seems  to  me,  is  the 
impressive  lesson  and  the  inspiring  mandate 
of  the  day.  WOODROW  WILSON." 

Memorial  Day  Address. 

On  May  30  President  Wilson  attended  the 
Memorial  day  exercises  in  the  American  ceme- 
tery at  Suresnes.  near  Paris,  and  in  the  Pres- 
ence of  a  large  number  of  soldiers  and  civil- 
ians, including  many  American  and  French  of- 
ficials, one  of  the  latter  being  Marshal  Foch. 
made  the  following  address: 

"Mr.  Ambassador,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen, 
Fellow  Countrymen:  No  one  with  a.  heart  in 
his  breast,  no  American,  no  lover  of  humanity, 
can  stand  in  the  presence  of  these  graves 
without  the  most  profound  emotion.  These 
men  who  lie  here  are  men  of  a  unique  breed. 
Their  like  has  not  been  seen  since  the  far  days 
of  the  crusades. 

"Never  before  have  men  crossed  the  seas 
to  a  foreign  land  to  fight  for  a  cause  of  hu- 
manity which  they  did  not  pretend  was  par- 
ticularly their  own,  but  knew  was  the  cause 
of  humanity  and  of  mankind.  And  when,  they 
came  they  found  comrades  for  their  courage 
and  their  devotion.  They  found  armies  al- 
rendy  in  the  field— men  who.  thoue-h  they  had 
gone  through  three  years  of  fiery  trial,  seemed 
only  to  be  just  discovering,  not  for  a  moment 
losing,  the  high  temper  of  the  great  affair- 
men  seasoned  in  the  bloody  service  of  liberty. 
Joining  hands  with  these,  the  men  of  Amer- 
ica gave  that  greatest  of  all  gifts,  the  gift 
of  life  and  the  gift  of  spirit. 

"It  will  always  be  a  treasured  memory  on 
the  part  of  those  who  knew  and  loved  these 
men  that  the  testimony  of  everybody  who  saw 
them  in  the  field  of  action  was-  their  unflinching 
courage,  their  ardor  to  the  point  of  audacity, 
their  full  consciousness  of  the  high  cause 
they  had  come  to  serve  and  their  constant 
vision  of  the  issue. 
"It  is  delightful  to  learn  from  those  who 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


saw  these  men  fight  and  saw  them  waiting 
in  the  trenches  lor  the  summons  to  the  fight, 
that  they  had  a  touch  oi  the  high  spirit  ol 
religion,  that  they  knew  they  were  exhibit- 
ing a  spirit  as  well  as  a  physical  might,  and 
those  ot  us  who  know  and  love  America  know 
that  they  were  discovering  to  the  whole  world 
the  true  spirit  and  devotion  of  their  mother- 
land It  was  America  who  came  in  the  per- 
sons' of  these  men  and  who  will  forever  be 
grateful  that  she  was  so  represented. 

'•And  it  is  the  more  delightiul  to  entertain 
these  thoughts  because  we  know  that  these 
men.  though  buried  in  a  foreign  land,  are  not 
buried  in  an  alien  soil.  They  are  at  home, 
sleeping  with  the  spirits  of  those  who  thought 
the  same  thoughts  and  entertained  the  same 
aspirations. 

"The  noble  women  of  Suresnes  have  given 
evidence  of  the  loving  sense  with  which  they 
received  these  dead  as  their  own,  for  they 
have  cared  for  their  graves,  they  have  made 
it  their  interest,  their  loving  interest,  to  see 
that  ther-3  was  no  hour  of  neglect  and  that 
constantly  through  all  the  months  that  have 
gone  by  the  mothers  at  home  should  know 
that  there  were  mothers  here  who  remem- 
bered and  honored  their  dead. 

"You  have  just  heard  in  the  beautiful  let- 
ter from  M.  Clemenceau  what  I  believe  to  be 
the  real  message  of  France  to  us  on  a  day 
like  this,  a  message  of  genuine  comradeship,  a 


doubt  that  if  our  British  comrades  were  here 
they  would  speak  in  the  same  spirit  and  in 
the  same  language.  For  the  beauty  of  this 
war  is  that  it  has  brought  a  new  partnership 
and  a  new  comradeship  and  a  new  understand- 
ing1 into  the  fi?ld  of  the  effort  of  the  nation. 

"But  it  would  be  no  profit  to  us  to  eulogize 
these  illustrious  dead  if  we  did  not  take  to 

eart   the  lesson   which   they  have   taught   us. 

hey  are  dead;  they  have  done  their  utmost 
to  show  their  devotion  to  a  great  cause  and 
they  have  left  us  to  see  to  it  that  that  cause 
shall  not  be  betrayed,  whether  in  war  or 
peace.  It  is  our  privilege  and  our  high  duty 
to  consecrate  ourselves  afresh  on  a  day  like 
this  to  the  objects  for  which  they  fought.  It 
is  not  necessary  that  I  should  rehearse  to  you 
what  these  objects  were. 

"These  men  did  not  come  across  the  sea 
merely  to  defeat  Germany  and  her  associated 
powers  in  the  war.  They  cpme  to  defeat  for- 
ever the  things  for  which  the  central  powers 
stood,  the  sort  of  power  they  meant  to  assert 
in  the  world,  the  arrogant,  selfish  domination 
which  they  meant  to  establish,  and  they  came, 
moreover,  to  see  to  it  that  there  should  never 
a  war  like  this  again. 

civi 

and  agreement  to  see  to  it  that  there  never 
is  such  a  war  again.  The  nation  that  should 
now  fling  ou*  of  this  common  concord  of  coun- 
sel would  betray  the  human  race. 

"So  it  is  our  duty  to  take  and  maintain  the 
safeguards  which  will  see  to  it  that  the  moth- 
ers of  America  and  the  mothers  of  France 
ind  England  and  Italy  and  Belgium  and  ali 


"It    is    for   us.    particularly   for  us   who   are 
vilized.  to  use  our  proper  weapons  of  counsel 


other  suffering-  nations  should  never  be  call: 
upon    for    this    sacrifice    again.      This    can    b 
done.     It  must  be  done.     And  it  will  be  don' . 
thing    that    these   men    left    us.,    though 


they  did  not  in  their  counsels  conceive  it.  is 
the  great  instrument  which  we  have  just 
erected  in  the  league  of  nations.  The  league 
of  nations  is  the  covenant  of  government  that 
these  men  shall  not  have  died  in  vain. 

"I  like  to  think  that  the  dust  of  those  sons 
of  America  who  were  privileged  to  be  buried 
in  their  mother  country  will  mingle  with  the 
dust  of  the  men  who  fought  for  the  preser- 
vation of  the  union,  and  that  as  those  men 
gave  their  lives  in  order  that  America  might 
be  united,  these  men  have  given  their  lives 
in  order  that  the  wo-ld  might  be  united. 
Those  men  gave  their  lives  in  order  to  secure 
the  freedom  of  a  nation.  These  men  have 
given  theirs  in  order  to  secure  the  freedom 
of  mankind,  and  I  look  forward  to  an  age 


when  it  will  be  just  as  impossible  to  regret 
the  results  of  their  labor  as  it  is  now  impossi- 
ble to  regret  tfce  result  of  the  labor  of  those 
men  who  lought  lor  the  union  oi  the  states. 

"I  look  for  the  time  when  every  man  who 
now  puts  his  counsel  against  the  united  serv- 
ice of  mankind  under  the  league  of  nations 
will  be  just  as  ashamed  oi  it  as  if  he  now 
regretted  the  union  oi  the  states. 

"You  are  aware,  as  I  am  aware,  that  the 
airs  of  an  older  day  are  beginning  to  stir 
again,  that  the  standards  of  an  old  order  are 
trying  to  assert  themselves  again.  There  is 
here  and  there  an  attempt  to  insert  into  the 
counsel  of  statesmen  the  old  reckoning  ol 
selfishness  and  bargaining  and  national  ad- 
vantage which  were  the  roots  of  this  war, 
and  any  man  who  counsels  these  thing's  advo- 
cates a  renewal  of  the  sacrifice  which  these 
men  have  made;  for  if  this  is  not  the  final 
battle  for  right  there  will  be  another  that 
will  be  final. 

"Let  these  gentlemen  who  suppose  that  it  is 
possible  for  them  to  accomplish  this  return  ' 
to  an  order  of  which  we  are  ashamed  and 
that  we  are  ready  to  forget,  realize  they  can- 
not accomplish  it.  The  peoples  of  the  world 
are  awake  and  the  peoples  of  the  world  are 
in  the  saddle.  Private  counsels  of  statesmen 
cannot  now  and  cannot  hereafter  determine 
the  destinies  of  nations. 

"If  we  are  not  the  servants  of  the  opinion 
of  mankind  we  are  of  all  men  the  littlest, 
the  most  contemptible,  the  least  gifted  with 
vision.  If  we  do  not  know  courage  we  can- 
not accomplish  our  purpose,  and  this  age  is 
an  age  which  looks  forward,  not  backward: 
which  rejects  the  standard  of  national  selfish- 
ness that  once  governed  the  counsels  of  na- 
tions and  demands  that  they  shall  give  way 
to  a  new  order  of  things  in  which  only  the 
questions  will  be,  'Is  it  right?'  'Is  it  just?* 
'Is  it  in  the  interest  of  mankind?' 

"This  is  a  challenge  that  no  previous  gen- 
eration ever  dared  give  ear  to.  So  many 
things  have  happened,  and  they  have  hap- 
pened so  fast,  in  the  last  few  years  that  .1 
do  not  think  many  of  us  realize  what  it  is 
that  has  happened.  Think  how  impossible 
it  would  have  been  to  get  a  body  of  responsi- 
sle  statesmen  seriously  to  entertain  the  idea 
of  the  organization  of  a  league  of  nations 
Eour  years  ago  I  And  think  of  the  change 
that  has  taken  place ! 

I   was   told   before   I  came   to  France   that 


there    would    be    confusion    of    counsel    about 
this   thing,    and  I  found   unity   of   counsel, 
was  told  that  there  would  be  opposition,   and 


this  thing,  and  I  found  unity  of  coui 
was  told  that  there  would  be  oppositu  . 
I  found  union  of  action.  I  found  the  states- 
men with  whom  I  was  about  to  deal  united 
in  the  idea  that  we  must  have  a  league  of 
nations;  that  we  could  not  merely  make  a 
peace  settlement  and  then  leave  it  to  make 
itself  effectual,  but  that,  we  must  conceive 
some  common  organization  by  which  we 
should  give  our  common  faith  that  this  peace 
would  be  maintained  and  the  conclusions  at 
which  we  had  arrived  should  be  made  as 
secure  as  the  united  counsels  of  all  the  great 
nations  that  fought  against  Germany  could 

m"We  have  listened  to  the  challenge  and  that 
is  the  proof  that  there  shall  never  be  a  war 
like  this  again. 

"Ladies  and  gentlemen,  we  all  believe.  I 
hope,  that  the  spirits  of  these  men  .are  not 
buried  with  their  bones.  Their  spirits  live. 
I  hope— I  believe— that  their  spirits  are  present 
with  us  at  this  hour.  I  hope  that  I  feel  the 
compulsion  of  their  presence.  I  hope  that  1 
realize  the  significance  of  their  presence. 

"Think  soldiers,  of  those  comrades  of  yours 
who  are  gone.  If  they  were  here  what  would 
they  say?  They  would  not  remember  what 
you  are  talking  about  to-day.  They  would 
remember  America,  which  they  left  with  their 
high  hope  and  purpose.  They  would  remem- 
ber the  terrible  fi°ld  of  battle.  They  would 
remember  what  they  constantly  recalled  in 
times  of  danger,  what  they  had  come  for  and 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


297 


how    worth   while  it    was  to  give   their   lives 
f°"And  they  would  say:    'Forget  all  the  little 

'° 


who  left  me  under  eternal  bonds  of  fidelity. 

VISIT   TO   BELGIUM. 
From   the  beginning   of   his   stay  in.  Europe 

4nffnntrelpon°se  fo^n^A&Ji™  fr^om 


Wi1«on  were  met  by  King  Albert  and  Queen 
El izabeth  Brand  Whitlock.  .  the  American 
minuter  to  Belgium,  also  joined  the  Party 
he^e  and  continued  with  it  during  the  Bel- 
£?an  visit.  The  members  of  the  Party  en- 
tered motor  oars  and  made  a  trip  of  about 
110  miles  visiting-  Fumes.  Wulpen,  Nieuoort. 
Dixmude.  Houthulst  forest  Poelcapelle.  Jpres. 
Menin.  Roulers.  Ostend  and  Zeebrugge  At  the 
last  named  place  a  train  was  .  taken  for 
Brussels,  whifh  was  reached  late  in  the  eve- 
ning President  Wilson  rode  to  the  palace  in 
an  automobile  amid  the  cheers  of  an  enormous 

CTThVnext  day  the  president  motored  to 
Charleroi  with  King  Albert  and  then  returned 
for  a  luncheon  given  by  Minister  Whitlock  .at 
the  American  legation.  Here  he  made  a  brief 
address,  speaking  as  follows: 

"I  want  to  express  my  pleasure  not  only 
at  being  in  Belgium,  but  to  be  personally  asso- 
ciated with  the  king  and  queen.  We  have 
found  them  what  all  the  world  had  told  us 
that  they  were,  perfectly  genuine,  perfectly 
delightful  and  perfectly  devoted  to  the  inter- 
ests of  the  people,  and  not  only  so.  but.  what 
is  very  rare  just  now,  very  just  in  their  judg- 
ments of  the  events  of  the  past  and  of  the 
events  that  are  now  taking  place. 

"I  could  not  help  expressing  the  opinion 
which  I  did  yesterday— namely,  that  that  must 
arise  from  the  fact  that  they  had  intimately 
associated  themselves  in  life  with  their  peo- 
ple. 

"If  you  live  with  the  talkers,  you  get  one 
impression:  if  you  live  with  th«  livers,  you 
get  another  impression.  You  come  into  con- 


tact with  the  realities,  and  only  realities  make 
you  wise  and  just. 

"I  want,  with  this  very  brief  preface  in 
which  I  am  speaking-  from  my  heart,  to  pro- 
pose the  health  and  long  life  of  his  majesty 
the  king  and  her  majesty  the  queen." 

Later  President  Wilson  received  a  number  of 
journalists  and  then  visited  the  chamber  of 
deputies,  where  Paul  Hymans.  the  Belgian  for- 
eign minister,  gave  an  address  of  welcome. 
Replying,  the  presidpnt  said: 

"Your  Majesty  and  Gentlemen:  It  is  with 
such  profound  emotion  that  I  express  my 
deepest  appreciation  of  the  generous  welcome 
you  have  given  me  that  I  am  not  at  all  sure 
that  I  can  find  the  words  to  say  what  is  in 
my  heart  to  say. 

"M.  Hymans  has  repeated  to  you  some  of 
the  things  which  America  tried  to  do  to  show 
her  profound  friendship  and  sympathy  with 
Belgium,  but  M.  Hymans  was  not  able  to  tes- 
tify as  I  am  to  the  heart  of  America  that  was 
back  of  her  efforts,  for  America  did  not  do 
those  things  merely  because  she  conceived  it 
her  duty  to  do  them,  but  because  she  re- 
joiced in  this  way  to  show  her  real  humanity 
and  her  real  knowledge  of  these  needs  of  an 
old  and  faithful  friend,  and  these  things,  I 
hope,  will  be  dearer  in  your  memory  because 
of  the  spirit  which  was  behind,  them.  They 
were  small  in  themselves. 

"It  is  very  delightful  to  find  myself  at  last 
in  Belgium.  I  have  come  at  the  first  moment 
that  I  was  relieved  from  imperative  duty.  I 
could  not  come  for  my  own  pleasure  and  in 
neglect  of  duty  to  a  country  where  I  knew  I 
should  meet  a  sovereign  who  had  constantly 
'  "entified  himself  with  the  interests  and  the 
.e  of  his  people  at  every  necessary  sacrifice 
to  himself:  where  I  should  be  greeted  by  a 
burgomaster  who  never  allowed  the  enemy  to 
thrust  him  aside  and  always  asserted  the 
majesty  and  authority  of  the  municipality 
which  he  represented:  where  I  should  have  the 
privilege  of  meeting  a  cardinal  who  was  the 
true  shepherd  of  his  flock  and  the  majesty  of 
whose  spiritual  authority  awed  even  the  un- 
scrupulous enemy  himself,  who  knew  that 
they  did  not  dare  lay  a  hand  upon  this  serv- 
ant of  God.  and  where  I  should  have  the  priv- 
ilege of  graspine:  the  hand  of  a  general  who 
never  surrendered,  and  on  every  hand  should 
meet  men  who  had  known  their  duty  and  had 
done  it. 

"I  could  not  come  to  Belgium  until  I  felt 
that  I  was  released  from  my  duty.  I  souerht 
in  this  way  to  honor  you  by  recognizing  the 
spirit  which  I  knew  I  should  meet  with  here. 
When  I  realize  that  at  my  back  are  the 
fighting  standards  of  Belgium  it  pleases  me  to 
think  that  I  am  in  the  presence  of  those 
who  knew  how  to  shed  their  blood  as  well  as 
do  their  duty  for  their  country.  They  need 
no  encomium  from  me. 

"I  would  rather  turn  for  a  moment  with  you 
to  the  significance  of  the  place  which  Belgium 
bears  in  this  contest,  which,  thank  God.  is 
ended. 

''I  came  here  because  I  wished  to  associate 
myself  in  counsel  with  the  men  who  I  knew 
had  felt  deeply  the  pulse  of  this  terrible  strug- 
gle, and  I  wanted  to  come  also  because  I  real- 
ized. I  believe,  that  Belgium  and  her  part  in 
the  war  is  in  one  sense  the  key  of  the  whole 
straggle,  because  the  violation  of  Belgium  was 
the  call  to  duty  which  aroused  the  nations. 

"The  enemy  committed  many  qutrag-es  in 
this  war.  erentlemen.  but  the  initial  outrage 
was  the  fundamental  outrag-e  of  all.  They, 
with  an  insolent  indifference,  violated  the  sa- 
credness  of  treaties. 

"They  showed  that  thev  did  not  care  for  the 
independence  of  any  nation,  whether  it  had 
raised  its  hand  ag-ainst  them  or  not:  that  they 
were  ruthless  in  their  determination  to  have 
their  whim  at  their  pleasure 

Therefore,  it  was  the  violation  of  Belenum 
that  awakened  the  world  to  its  realization 
of  the  character  of  the  struggle.  A  very  in- 
teresting thing-  came  out  of  that  struggle, 
which  seems  almost  like  an  illogical  conse- 


"One"  of  the  first  things  the  representatives 


298 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


of  Belgium  said  to  me  after  the  war  began 
was  that  they  did  not  want  their  neutrality 
guaranteed:  they  did  not  want  any  neutrality. 
They  wanted  equality,  not  because,  as  I  under- 
stood them,  their  neutrality  was  insecure,  but 
because  their  neutrality  put  them  upon  a  dif- 
ferent basis  oi  action  from  other  peoples  in 
their  natural  and  proper  pride. 

"They  desired  a  place  that  was  not  ex- 
ceptional, but  iri  the  ranks  of  free  peoples  un- 
der all  governments.  I  honored  this  instinct 
in  them  and  it  was  for  that  reason  that  the 
first  time  I  had  occasion  to  speak  of  what  the 
war  might  accomplish  for  Belgium  I  spoke  of 
her  winning  a  place  oi  equality  among  the 
nations. 

•  So  Belgium  has.  so  to  say,  once  more  come 
into  her  own  through  this  deep  valley  of  suf- 
fering through  which  she  has  gone;  not  only 
that,  but  her  cause  has  linked  the  govern- 
ments of  the  civilized  world  together  as  if  in- 
stinctively into  a  league  of  rights. 

"They  have  put  the  whole  power  of  organ- 
ized mankind  behind  this  conception  of  jus- 
tice which  is  common  to  mankind. 

"That  is  the  significance,  gentlemen,  of  the 
league  of  nations.  The  league  of  nations  was 
an  inevitable  consequence  of  this  war.  It  was 
a  league  of  rights,  and  no  thoughtful  states- 
man who  let  his  thought  run  into  the  future 
could  wish  for  a  moment  to  slacken  those 

"His  first  thought  would  be  to  strengthen 
them  and  to  perpetuate  this  combination  of 
the  great  governments  of  the  world  for  the 
maintenance  of  justice.  The  league  of  na- 
tions is  a  child  of  this  great  war.  for  it  is 
the  expression  of  those  prevalent  resolutions 
which  grew  out  of  the  temporary  necessities 
of  this  great  struggle,  and  any  nation  which 
declines  to  adhere  to  this  covenant  deliber- 
ately turns  away  from  the  most  telling  ap- 
peal that  has  ever  been  made  to  its  con- 
science and  to  its  manhood. 

"The  nation  that  wishes  to  use  the  league 
of  nations  for  its  convenience  and  not  for  the 
service  of  the  rest  of  the  world  deliberately 
chooses  to  turn  back  to  those  bad  days  of 
selfish  contest  when  every  nation  thought  first 
and  always  of  itself  and  not  of  its  neighbors: 
thought  of  its  rights  and  forgot  its  great 
moral  power,  and  overlooked  its  responsibilty. 
"Those  bad  days,  I  hope,  are  gone,  and  the 
great  moral  power  backed,  if  need  be.  by  the 
gr'jat  physical  power  of  the  civilized  nations 
of  the  world  will  now  stand  firm  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  fine  partnership  which  we 
have  thus  inaugurated. 

"It  cannot  be  otherwise.  Perhaps  the  con- 
science of  some  chancelleries  was  asleep  and 
the  outrage  of  Germany  awakened  it.  You 
cannot  see  one  great  nation  violate  every  prin- 
ciple of  right  without  beginning  to  know  what 
the  principles  of  right  are.  and  to  love  them, 
to  despise  those  who  violate  them,  and  to 
form  the  firm  resolve  that  such  a  violation 
shall  now  be  punished  and  in  the  future  be 
prevented. 

"These  are  the  feelings  with  which  I  have 
come  to  Belgium,  and  it  bas  been  my  thought 
to  propose  to  the  congress  of  the  United 
States  as  a  recognition,  as  a  welcome,  of  Bel- 
gium into  her  new  status  of  complete  inde- 
pendence, to  raise  the  mission  of  the  United 
States  of  America  to  Belgium  to  the  rank  oi 
an  embassy  and  send  an  ambassador. 

This  is  the  rank  which  Belgium  enjoys  in 
our  esteem.  Why  should  she  not  enjoy  it  in 
form  and  in  fact?  So.  gentlemen,  we  turn  to 
the  future.  M.  Hymans  has  spoken  in  true 
terms  of  the  necessities  that  lie  ahead  of  Bel- 
gium and  of  mnny  another  nation  that  has 
come  through  this  great  war. 

It  is  now  our  duty  to  organize  our  friend- 
ship along  new  lines.  The  Belgian  people  and 
the  Belgian  leaders  need  only  the  tools  to  re- 
store their  life.  Their  thoughts  are  not 
crushed,  their  purposes  are  not  obscured,  their 
Flans  are  complete  and  their  knowledge  of 
what  is  involved  in  industrial  revival  is  com- 
plete. 
"What  her  friends  must  do  is  to  see  to 


it  that  Belgium  gets  the  necessary  priority 
with  regard  to  obtaining  raw  materials,  the 
necessary  priority  in  obtaining  the  means  to 
restore  the  machinery  by  which  she  can  use 
these  raw  materials  and  the  credit  by  which 
she  can  bridge  over  the  years  which  it  will 
be  necessary  for  her  to  wait  to  begin  again. 

"These  are  not  so  much  tasks  for  gov- 
ernments as  they  are  tasks  for  thoughtful 
business  men  and  financiers  and  those  who 
are  producers  in  other  countries.  It  is  a 
question  of  shipping  also,  but  the  shipping 
of  the  world  will  be  relieved  of  its  burdens 
of  troops  in  a  comparatively  near  future,  and 
there  will  be  new  bottoms  in  which  to  carry 
the  cargoes  and  the  cargoes  ought  readily  to 
impel  the  master  of  the  ship  to  steer  for 
Belgian  ports. 

"I  believe,  after  having  consulted  many 
times  with  my  very  competent  advisers  in 
the  matter,  that  an  organized  method  of  ac- 
complishing these  things  can  be  found.  It 
is  a  matter  of  almost  daily  discussion  in 
Paris  and  I  believe  that  as  we  discuss  it 
from  day  to  day  we  come  nearer  and  nearer 
to  a  workable  solution  and  a  probable  plan. 

"I  hope  not  only,  but  I  believe,  that  such 
a  plan  will  be  found,  and  you  may  be  sure 
that  all  America  will  be  pleased.  I  will  not 
say  more  than  any  other  friend  of  Belgium, 
but  as  much  as  any  other  friend  of  Bel- 
gium. 

"This  is  the  healing-  peace  of  which  M. 
Eymans  so  eloquently  spoke.  You  heal  the 
nations  by  serving  the  nations,  and  you  serre 
them  by  thinking  of  mankind." 

President  Wilson  and  the  king,  with  their 
wives,  made  a  fast  motor  run  to  ?f  alines, 
where  they  had  tea  with  Cardinal  Me  jier  in 
his  partly  ruined  residence.  Louvain  was  also 
visited,  'Where  the  university  conferred  upon 
the  president  a  doctorate  of  laws.  While  re^ 
spending  to  Mgr.  Ladeuse.  rector  of  the  uni- 
versity. President  Wilson,  glancing-  at  the  ruins 
about  him.  said  with  emotion : 

"I  think  the  nation  that  has  done  this  has 
takenf  itself  from  the  brotherhood  of  echolar- 

6hAt'"the  Hotel  de  Ville  in  Brussels  a  warm 
welcome  was  given  the  visitors  by. the  famous 
Burgomaster  Max.  A  vast  crowd  m  the  beau- 
tiful square  in  front  of  the  .city  hall  sane 
for  them,  led  by  a  huge  trained  chorus  of 
men.  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner1'  and  the 
Belgian  national  hymn.  "La  Brabanconne, 
After  a  gala  dinner  in  the  king's  palace  Presi- 
dent and  Mrs.  Wilson  boarded  their  train  for 
Paris,  arriving  there  the  following  morning. 

LAST  DAYS  IN  FRANCE. 
Address  at  Poincare  Dinner. 
President  Wilson's  sojourn  in  Europe  was 
drawing  to  a  close,  as  the  treaty  of  peace 
with  Germany  had  been  concluded  and  only 
awaited  signature.  This  ceremony  took  place 
on  Saturday.  June  28.  Prior  to  that  time,  on 
June  26,  President  Poincare  gave  a  dinner  to 
President  Wilson  and  all  the  delegates  to  the 
peace  conference.  Responding  to  an  P^lreea 
made  by  the  French  executive.  President  Wil- 

S°"I  Sthadnk  you  most  sincerely  for  the  words 
that  you  have  uttered.  I  cannot  Preten.clVo^ 
that  .the  prospect  of  going  home  is  not  very 


ha  iyea™lrly  generous  w 

come  here,  and  it  has  been  pleasing  for  me 
to  feel  that  that  welcome  was  intended  not  eo 
much  for  myself  as  for  the  people  whom  i. 
represented. 

"Sometimes  the  work  of  the  conference  has 
seemed  to  go  very  slowly*  indeed.  Sometimes 
it  has  seemed  as  if  there  were  unnecessary  ob- 
stacles to  agreement,  but  as  the  weeks  have 
lengthened  I  have  seemed  to  see  the  profit 
that  came  out  of  that.  Quick  conclusions 
would  not  have  produced  that  intimate  knowl- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


299 


edge  of  each  other's  mind  which  I  think  has 
come    out    of    these   daily    conferences. 

"These  six  months  have  been  six  months 
which  have  woven  new  fibers  of  connection 
between  the  hearts  of  our  people.  And  some- 
thing1 more  than  friendship  and  intimate  sym- 
pathy has  come  out  of  this  intercourse. 

"A  new  thing-  that  has  happened  is  that 
we  have  translated  our  common  principles  and 
our  common  purposes  into  a  common  plan. 

"When  we  part,  we  are  not  going  to  part 
with  a  finished  work,  but  with  a  work  one 
portion  of  which  is  finished  and  the  other  por- 
tion of  which  is  only  begun. 

"We  have  finished  the  formulation  of  the 
peace,  but  we  have  beerun  a  clan  of  co-opera- 
tion which  I  believe  will  broaden  and 
strengthen  as  the  vears  so  by. 

"We  shall  continue  to  be  coworkers  in 
tasks  which,  because  they  are  common,  will 
weave  out  of  our  sentiments  a  common  con- 
ception of  duty  and  a  common  conception  of 
the  rights  of  men  of  every  race  and  of  every 
clime  if  it  be  true  that  that  has  been  ac- 
complished. it  is  a  Vfry  erreat  thine. 
T  A911I  gx?-  away  from  these  scenes.  I  think 
I  shall  realize.  that  I  have  been  present  at  one 
of  the  most  vital  things  that  has  happened  in 
the  history  of  nations.  Nations  have  formed 
contracts  with  each  other  before  but  they 
never  have  formed  partnerships.  They  have 
associated  themselves  temporarily,  but  they 
have  never  before  associated  themselves  per- 
manently. 

"The  wrong-  that  was  done  in  the  waging-  of 
this  war  was  a  erreat  wrong-,  but  it  wakened 


, 

the  world  to  a  great  moral  necessity  of  seeing 
that  it  was  necessary  that  men  should  band 
themselves  tog-ether  in  order  that  such  a 
wrong-  should  never  be  perpetrated  again 

'Merely  to  beat  a  nation  that  was  wrong- 
once.  is  not  enoturh.  There  must  follow  the 
warning;  to  all  other  nations  that  would  cfo 
like  thing-s  that  they  in  turn  will  be  van- 

attempt  a 


Bids  France   Goodby. 
™e  -Sve  .of  ni9  departure  from  France  on 
re  WilS°n  iSSUed  the 


"As  I  look  back  over  the  eventful  months 
I  have  spent  in  France,  my  memory  is  not 
of  conferences  and  hard  work  alone,  but  also 
of  innumerable  acts  of  generosity  and  friend- 
ehip  which  have  made  me  feel  how  grenuine 
the  sentiments  of  France  are  toward  the  peo- 
Ple  of  America  and  how  fortunate  I  have  been 
to  be  the  representative  of  our  people  in  the 
midst  of  a  nation  which  knows  how  to  show 
us  kindness  with  so  much  charm  and  so  much 
open  manifestion  of  what  is  in  its  heart. 
.  '/Deeply  happy  as  I  am  at  the  prospects  of 
joining-  my  own  countrymen  again.  I  leave 
X  ranee  with  g-enuine  regret,  my  deep  sympathv 
for  her  people  and  belief  in  her  future  con- 
firmed: my  thought  enlarg-ed  by  the  privilege 
of  association  with  her  public  men.  conscious 
of  more  than  one  affectionate  friendship 
formed,  and  profoundly  grateful  for  unstinted 
hospitality  and  for  countless  kindlinesses 
which  have  made  me  feel  welcome  and  at 
nom6. 

"I  take  the  liberty  of  bidding  France  God- 
speed as  well  as  good-by.  and  of  expressing 
once  more  my  abiding-  interest  and  entire  con 
fidence  in  her 


Message  to  Americans. 

On  the  same  day  (June  28)  the  following 
message  from  President  Wilson  was  given  out 
by  Secretary  Tumulty  in  Washington: 

"My  Fellow  Countrymen:  The  treaty  ol 
peace  has  been  signed.  If  it  is  ratified  and 
acted  upon  in  full  and  sincere  execution  of 
its  terms  it  will  furnish  the  charter  for  a 
new  order  of  affairs  in  the  world. 

"It  is  a  severe  treaty  in  the  duties  and  pen- 
alties it  imposes  upon  Germany,  but  it  is  se- 
vere only  because  great  wrong's  done  by  Ger- 
many are  to  be  rig-hted  and  repaired;  it  im- 
poses nothing-  that  Germany  cannot  do;  and 


she  can  regain  her  rightful  standing1  in  the 
world  by  the  prompt  and  honorable  fulfillment 
of  its  terms. 

'And  it  is  much  more  than  a  treaty  of 
peace  with  Germany.  It  liberates  great  peo- 
ples who  have  never  before  been  able  to 
find  the  way  to  liberty. 

It  ends,  once  for  all,  an  old  and  intolerable 
order  under  which  small  groups  of  selfish  men 
could  use  the  peoples  of  great  empires  to 
serve  their  ambition  for  power  and  domin- 
ion. 

"It  associates  the  free  governments  of  the 
world  in  a  permanent  league  in  which  they 
are  pledged  to  use  their  united  power  to 
maintain  peace  by  maintaining-  right  and  jus- 
tice. 

'It  makes  international  law  a  reality,  sup- 
ported by  imperative  sanctions. 

"It  does  away  with  the  rig-ht  of  conquest 
and  rejects  the  policy  of  annexation  and  sub- 
stitutes a  new  order  under  which  backward 
nations — populations  which  have  not  yet  come 
to  political  consciousness  and  peoples  who  are 
ready  for  independence,  but  not  yet  quite 
prepared  to  dispense  with  protection  and  guid- 
a nee— shall  no  more  be  subjected  to  the 
domination  and  exploitation  of  a  stronger  na- 
tion but  shall  be  put  under  the  friendly  di- 
rection and  afforded  the  helpful  assistance  of 
g-overnments  which  undertake  to  be  responsi- 
ble to  the  opinion  of  mankind  in  the  execu- 
tion of  their  task  by  accepting-  the  direction 
of  the  league  of  nations. 

"It  recognizes  the  inalienable  rights  of  na- 
tionality, the  rights  of  minorities  .and  the 
sanctity  of  religious  belief  and  practice. 

"It  lays  the  basis  for  conventions  wnica 
shall  free  the  commercial  intercourse  9f  .tne 
world  from  unjust  and  vexatious  restrictions 
and  for  every  sort  of  international  co-opera- 
tion that  will  serve  to  cleanse  the  life  of  the 
world  and  facilitate  its  common  action  in 
beneficent  service  of  every  kind. 

"It  furnishes  guaranties  such  as  were  never 
given  or  even  contemplated  for  the  fair  treat- 
ment of  all  who  labor  »i  the  daily  tasks  of 
the  world. 

"It  is  for  this  reason  that  I  have  spoken 
of  it  as  a  great  charter  for  a  new  order  of 
affairs.  There  is  ground  here  for  deep  satis- 
faction,  universal  r 

RETURN  TO  AMERICA. 

President  and  Mrs.  Wilson  left  Paris  at 
9.45  p.  m..  June  28,  on  the  first  stage  of  their 
homeward  journey.  They  were  accompanied  to 
Brest  by  Gen.  Leorat  and  Col.  Lobez.  the  presi- 
dent's French  aids,  and  by  Stephen  Pichon, 
French  foreign  minister;  George  Leygues, 
French  minister 'of  marine,  and  Capt.  Andre 
Tardieu.  a  member  of  the  French  peace  delega- 
tion. The  president  was  cheered  by  a  crowd 
of  about  1.000  persons  who  gathered  to  wit- 
ness his  departure.  Brest  was  reached  the 
next  morning  and  after  the  presidential  party 
had  boarded  the  George  Washington  the  voy- 
age across  the  Atlantic  was  begun.  Many  of 
the  civilian  attaches  of  the  American  delega- 
tion were  in  the  party  returning  to  America. 
Some  2.500  American  troops  were  carried,  in- 
cluding a  part  of  the  president's  guard  of 
honor  in  Paris.  The  ship  was  escorted  by  the 
euperdreadnought  Oklahoma  and  four  destroy- 
ers. 

July  4  Speech  to  Troops. 

The  Fourth  of  July  was  spent  at  sea  and 
the  president  took  occasion  to  celebrate  the 
day  by  a  brief  address  to  the  soldiers  aboard 
his  ship.  He  said : 

"It  is  very  delightful  to  find  myself  here 
and  in  this  company.  I  know  that  a  great 
many  of  you  have  been  homesick  on  the 
other  side  of  the  water,  but  I  did  not  be- 
lieve a  man  among  you  has  been  as  home- 
sick as  I  have,  and  it  is  with  profound  de- 
light that  I  find  myself  bound  westward  again 
for  the  country  we  all  love  and  are  trying 


300 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


to  serve,  and  when  I  was  asked  to  make 
a  speech  and  sat  down  and  tried  to  think 
of  what  I  should  say,  I  found  that  the  sug- 
gestions of  this  Fourth  of  July  crowded  into 
my  mind  in  such  a  way  that  they  could  not 
be  set  in  order,  because  this  Fourth  of  July 
has  a  significance  that  no  preceding  .Fourth 
of  July  ever  had.  not  even  the  first.  I  think 
that  we  can  look  back  upon  the  history  of 
the  years  that  separate  us  from  the  first 
Fourth  of  July  with  very  great  satisfaction, 
because  we  have  kept  the  vision  in  America, 
we  have  kept  the  promise  to  ourselves  that 
we  would  maintain  a  regime  of  liberty  and 
constitutional  government. 

"We  have  made  errorg  of  judgment,  we 
have  committed  errors  of  action,  but  we 
have  always  tried  to  correct  the  errors  when 
we  have  made  them.  We  have  always  triea 
to  get  straight  in  the  road  again  lor  that 
goal  for  which  we  set  out  in  those  famous 
•days  when  America  was  made  a  government. 
So  there  has  always  been  abundant  justifi- 
cation for  what  was  not  self-glorification,  but 
self -congratulation  in  our  Fourth  of  July  cele- 
brations. 

"I  was  proud  of  our  men  when  I  could  not 
see  them,  and  now  that  I  have  mixed  with 
them  and  have  seen  them  I  am  prouder  of 
them  still,  lor  they  are  men  to  the  core  and 
I  am  glad  to  have  had  Europe  see  this  speci- 
men of  our  manhood. 

"I  am  proud  to  know  now  the  men  who 
performed  the  least  conspicuous  services  and 
the  humblest  services,  and  performed  them 
just  as  well  as  the  men  who  performed  the 
conspicuous  services  and  the  most  complicated 
and  difficult.  I  will  not  say  that  the  men 
were  worthy  of  their  officers:  I  will  say  that 
the  officers  were  worthy  of  their  men.  They 
sprang  out  of  the  ranks,  they  were  like  the 
ranks,  and  all,  rank  and  file,  were  specimens 
of  America. 

"And  you  know  what  has  happened.!  Hav- 
ing sampled  America  that  way,  Europe  be- 
lieves in  ahd  trusts  America.  Is  not  that 
your  own  personal  experience  and  observa- 
tion? In  all  the  counsels  at  Paris,  whenever 
they  wanted  to  send  soldiers  anywhere  and 
not  have  the  people  jealous  of  their  presence 
they  suggested  that  we  should  send  Americans 
there,  because  they  knew  that  everywhere  in 
Europe  we  were  believed  to  be  the  friends  of 
the  countries  where  we  sent  garrisons  and 
where  we  sent  forces  of  supervision.  We  were 
welcomed.  Am  I  not,  therefore,  justified  in 
eaying  that  we  have  fulfilled  our  pledge  to 
humanity?  We  have  proved  that  we  were 
the  champions  of  liberty  throughout  the 
world,  that  we  did  not  wish  to  keep  it  as  a 
selfish  and  private  possession  of  our  own. 
but  wanted  to  share  it  with  men  everywhere 
and  of  every  kind.  When  you  look  forward 
to  the  future  do  you  not  see  what  a  com- 
pulsion that  puts  upon  us? 

"You  cannot  earn  a  reputation  like  that 
and  then  not  live  up  to  it.  You  cannot  reach 
a  standard  like  that  and  then  lay  it  down 
by  never  so  little.  Every  man  of  us  has  to 
live  up  to  it.  The  welcome  that  was  given 
to  our  arms  and  the  cheers  that  received  us 
are  the  compulsion  that  is  now  put  upon  us 
to  continue  to  be  worthy  of  that  welcome 
and  of  those  cheers. 

"We  must  continue  to  put  America  at  the 
service  of  mankind,  not  for  any  profit  we 
shall  get  out  of  it.  not  for  any  private  benefit 
we  shall  reap  from  it.  but  because  we  be- 
lieve in  the  right  and  mean  to  serve  it  wher- 
ever we  have  a  chance  to  serve. 

"I  was  thinking-  to-day  that  a  new  freedom 
"has  come  to  the  peoples  of  the  world  out  of 
this  war.  It  has  no  date.  It  has  no  Fourth 
of  July.  There  has  nowhere  been  written  a 
declaration  of  independence.  The  only  date  I 
can  think  of  for  this  is  the  llth  of  last 
November,  when  the  central  powers  admitted 
they  were  beaten  and  accepted  an  armistice. 


From  that  time  they  knew  they  had  to  sub- 
mit to  the  terms  of  liberty,  and  perhaps  some 
of  these  days  we  shall  date  the  freedom  of 
the  peoples  from  the  llth  of  November.  1'918. 

"And  yet  if  that  be  not  the  date  of  it.  it 
interests  my  thoughts  to  think  that  as  it  has 
no  date  for  beginning  we  should  see  to  it 
that  it  has  no  date  'lor  ending.  If  it  began 
without  term  it  should  end  without  term,  and 
that  in  every  counsel  we  enter  into,  in  every 
force  we  contribute  to,  we  shall  make  it  a 
condition  that  the  liberty  of  men  throughout 
the  world  shall  be  served  and  that  America 
shall  continue  to  redeem  her  pledge  to  hu- 
manity and  to  mankind. 

"Why.  America  is  made  up  of  mankind. 
We  do  not  come  from  any  common  stock.  We 
do  not  ccme  from  any  single  nation.  The 
character  of  America  is  that  it  is  made  up  of 
the  best  contributed  out  of  all  nations.  Some- 
times when  I  am  in  the  presence  of  an  Amer- 
ican citizen  who  was  an  immigrant  to  Amer- 
ica, I  think  that  he  has  a  certain  advantage 
over  me.  I  did  not  choose  to  be  an  Ameri- 
can, but  he  did.  I  was  born  to  it.  I  hope  if 
I  had  not  been  I  would  have  had  sense 
enough  to  choose  it.  But  the  men  who  <:ame 
afterward  deliberately  chose  to  be  Ameri  ans. 

"They  came  out  of  other  countries  and  said: 
'We  cast  our  lot  with  you,  we  believe  in  you. 
and  will  live  with  you.'  A  country  made  up 
like  that  ought  to  understand  other  nations.  It 
ought  to  know  how  to  fraternize  with  and 
assist  them.  It  is  already  the  friend  of  man- 
kind, because  it  is  made  up  put  of  all  people, 
and  it  ought  to  redeem  its  lineage.  It  ought 
to  show  that  it  is  playing  for  no  private  hand. 
It  ought  to  show  that  it  is  trying  to  serve  all 
the  stocks  of  mankind  from  which  it  itself  is 
bred.  And,  more  than  that,  my  fellow  coun- 
trymen, we  ought  to  continue  to  prove  that 
we  know  what  freedom  is. 

"Freedom  is  not  a  mere  sentiment.  We  all 
feel  the  weakness  of  mere  sentiment.  If  a 
man  professes  to  be  fine,  we  always  wait  for 
him  to  show  it.  We  do  not  take  his  word 
for  it.  If  he  professes  fine  motives,  we  expect 
him  thereafter  to  show  that  he  is  acting  upon 
fine  motives.  And  the  kind  of  freedom  that 
America  has  always  represented  is  a  freedom 
expressing  itself  in  fact.  It  is  not  the  pro- 
fession of  principles  merely,  but  the  redemp- 
tion of  those  principles,  making  good  on 
those  principles,  and  knowing  how  to  make 
good  on  those  principles. 

"When  I  have  thought  of  liberty  I  have 
sometimes  thought  of  how  we  deceived  our- 
selves. In  the  war  we  talked  about  it.  Some 
people  talk  as  if  liberty  meant  the  right  to 
do  anything  you  please.  Well,  in  some  sense 
you  have  that  right-^you  have  the  right  to 
jump  overboard,  but  if  you  do.  this  is  what 
will  happen:  Nature  will  say.  'You  fool, 
didn't  you  know  the  consequences?  Didn't 
you  know  that  water  will  drown  you?'  You 
can  jump  off  the  top  of  the  mast,  but  when 
you  get  down  your  liberty  will  be  lost  and 
you  will  have  lost  it  because  it  was  not  an 
accident:  you  made  a  fool  of  yourself.  The 
sailor,  when  he  is  sailing  a  ship,  talks  about 
running  her  free  in  the  wind.  Does  he  mean 
that  she  is  resisting  the  wind?  Throw  her 
up  into  the  wind  and  see  her  canvas  shake, 
see  her  stand  still,  'caught  in  irons,'  as  the 
sailor  says.  But  let  her  fall  eff:  she  is  free. 
Free,  why?  Because  she  is  obeying  the  laws 
of  nature,  and  she  is  a  slave  until  she  does. 
And  no  man  is  free  until  he  obeys  the  laws 
of  freedom.  . 

"The  laws  of  freedom  are  these:  Accommo- 
date  your  interests  to  other  people's  interests: 
that  you  shall  not  insist  on  standing  in  the ( 
light  of  other  people,  but  that  you  shall  make 
a  member  of  a  team  of  yourself  and  nothing 
more  or  less,  and  that  the  interests  of  the 
team  shall  take  precedence  in  everything  that 
you  do  to  your  interest  as  an  individual. 

"That  is  freedom,  and  men  who  live  under 
autocratic  governments  are  not  free,  because 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR    19:20. 


the  autocrat  arranges  the  government  to  suit 
himself.  The  minute  he  arranges  it  to  suit 
his  subjects,  then  his  subjects  are  free. 

"But  if  I  disobey  the  laws  of  freedom,  if  I 
infringe  on  the  rights  of  others,  then  I  pres- 
ently find  m.vself  deprived  of  my  freedom. 

"I  am  clapped  in  jail,  it  may  be,  and  if  my 
Jailer  is  a  philosopher  he  will  say.  'You 
broue-ht  it  upon  yourseif.  my  dear  fellow. 
You  were  free  to  do  rierht  but  you  were  not 


is  not  so  much  your  malice  as  your  ignorance.' 

"One  reason  why  America  has  been  free.  I 
take  leave  to  say.  is  that  America,  has  been 
intelligent  enouerh  to  be  free.  It  takes  a  lot 
of  intelligence  to  be  free.  Stupid  people  do 
not  know  how.  and  we  all  go  to  the  school  of 
intelligence  that  comes  put  of  the  discipline 
of  our  own  self-chosen  institutions. 

"That  is  what  makes  you  free,  and  my  con- 
fident ambition  for  the  United  States  is  that 
Bhe  will  know  in  the  future  how  to  make 
each  Fourth  of  July  as  it  comes  grow  more 
distinguished  and  more  glorious  than  its  pred- 
ecessor by  showing  that  she.  at  any  rate,  un- 
derstands the  laws  of  freedom  by  understand- 
ing the  laws  of  service,  and  that  mankind 
may  always  confidently  look  to  her  as  a 
friend,  as  a  co-operator,  as  one  who  will  stand 
shoulder  to  shoulder  with  free  men  everywhere 
to  assert  the  right.  That  is  what  I  meant  at 
the  outset  of  these  few  remarks  by  saying 
that  the  suggestion  of  this  Fourth  of  July 
crowd  was  too  thick  and  fast  to  be  set  in  or- 
der. This  is  the  most  tremendous  Fourth  of 
July  that  men  ever  imagined,  for  we  have 
opened,  its  franchises  to  all  the  world." 
Carnegie  Hall  Speech. 

New  York  was  reached  July  8  and  the  presi- 
dent after  a  welcome  from  the  warships  that 
went  out  to  sea  to  meet  him,  from  government 
and  state  officials  and  from  craft  in  the  har- 
bor, landed  at  Hoboken.  N.  J..  and  then  pro- 
ceeded to  Carnegie  hall  in  New  York  city,  ar- 
riving there  at  about  5:30  P.  m.  Mayor  Hylan 
and  Gov.  Smith  extended  to  him  the  greetings 
of  New  York  city  and  state,  after  which  the 
president  spoke  as  follows: 

"Fellow  Countrymen:  I  am  not  going  to 
try  to  make  you  a  Teal  speech.  I  am  a  bit 
alarmed  to  find  how  many  speeches  I  have  in 
my  system  undelivered,  but  they  are  all 
speeches  that  come  from  the  mind  and  I  want 
to  say  to  you  this  afternoon  only  a  few  words 
from  the  heart. 

"You  have  made  me  deeply  happy  by  the 
generous  welcome  you  have  extended  to  me, 
but  I  do  not  believe  that  the  welcome  you 
extended  to  me  is  half  as  great  as  that  which 
I  estend  to  you.  Why,  Jerseyman  though  I 
am  this  is  the  first  time  I  ever  thought  that 
Hoboken  was  beautiful. 

"I  have  really,  though  I  have  tried  on  the 
other  side  of  the  water  to  conceal  it.  been 
the  most  homesick  man  in  the  American  ex- 
peditionary force,  and  it  is  with  feelings  that 
it  would  be  vain  for  me  to  try  to  express  that 
I  find  myself  in  this  beloved  country  again. 
I  do  not  say  that  because  I  lack  admiration 
of  other  countries. 

"There  have  been  many  things  that  soft- 
ened my  homesickness.  One  of  the  chief 
things  that  softened  it  was  the  very  generous 
welcome  that  they  "extended  to  me  as  your 
representative  on  the  other  side  of  the  water. 
And  it  was  still  more  softened  by  the  pride 
that  I  had  in  discoveriner  thnt  America  h<"d  at 
last  convinced  the  world  of  her  true  char- 

"I  was  welcome  because  they  had  seen  with 
their  own  eyes  what  America  had  done  for 
the  world.  They  had  deemed  her  selfish.  They 
had  deemed  her  devoted  to  material  interests. 
And  they  had  seen  her  boys  come  across  the 
water  with  a  vision  even  more  beautiful  than 
that  which  they  conceived  when  they  had 
entertained  dreams  of  liberty  and  peace. 

"And  then  I  had  the  added  pride  of  finding 


out  by  personal  observation  the  kind  of  men. 
we  had  sent  over.  I  had  crossed  the  seas 
with  the  kind  of  men  who  had  taken  them 
over,  without  whom  they  could  not  have 
gone  to  Europe,  and  then  when  I  got  there  I 
saw  that  army  of  men.  that  army  of  clean 
men,  that  army  of  men  devoted  to  the  high 
interests  of  humanity,  that  army  that  one 
was  glad  to  point  out  and  say:  These  are 
my  fellow  countrymen.' 

"It  softens  the  homesickness  a  good  deal 
to  have  so  much  of  home  along  with  you.  and 
these  boys  were  constantly  reminding  me  of 
home.  They  did  not  walk  the  streets  like 
anybody  else.  I  do  not  mean  that  they 
walked  the  streets  self-assertively.  They  did 
not. 

"They  walked  the  streets  as  if  they  knew 
that  they  belonged  wherever  free  men  lived, 
that  they  were  welcome  in  the  great  republic 
of  France  and  were  comrades  with  the  other 
armies  that  had  helped  to  win  the  great  bat- 
tle and  to  show  the  great  sacrifice.  Because 
it  is  a  wonderful  thing  for  this  nation,  hith- 
erto isolated  from  the  large  affairs  of  the 
world,  to  win  not  only  the  universal  confi- 
dence of  the  people  of  the  world  but  their 
universal  affections. 

"And  that,  and  nothing  less  than  that,  is 
what  has  happened.  Wherever  it  was  sug- 
gested that  troops  should  be  sent  and  it  was 
desired  that  troops  of  occupation  should  ex- 
cite no  prejudice,  no  uneasiness  on  the  part 
of  those  to  whom  they  were  sent,  the  men 
who  represented  the  other  nations  came  to 
me  and  asked  me  to  send  American  soldiers. 
They  not  only  implied  but  they  said  that  the 
presence  of  American  soldiers  would  be  known 
not  to  mean  anything  except  friendly  protec- 
tion and  assistance.  Do  you  wonder  that  it 
made  our  hearts  swell  with  pride  to  realize 
these  things? 

"But  while  these  things  5n  some  degree 
softened  my  homesickness  they  made  me  all 
the  more  eager  to  get  home,  where  the  rest 
of  the  folks  live:  to  get  home  where  the  great 
dynamo  of  national  energy  was  situated:  to 
get  home  where  the  great  purposes  of  na- 
tional action  were  formed  and  to  be  allowed 
to  take  part  in  the  counsels  and  in  the  ac- 
tions which  -were  formed  and  to  be  taken 
by  this  great  nation,  which  from  first  to  last 
has  followed  the  vision  of  the  men  who  set 
it  up  and  created  it. 

"We  have  had  our  eyes  very  close  upon  our 
task  at  times,  but  whenever  we  lifted  them 
we  were  accustomed  to  lift  them  to  a  distant 
horizon.  We  were  aware  that  the  peoples  of 
the  earth  had  turned  their  faces  toward  us  as 
those  who  were  friends  of  freedom  and  of 
right,  and  whenever  we  thought  of  national 
policy  and  of  its  relation  upon  the  affairs  of 
the  world  we  knew  we  were  under  bonds  to 
do  the  large  thing  and  the  right  thing. 

"It  is  a  privilege,  therefore,  beyond  all  com- 
putation for  a  man.  whether  in  a  great  capac- 
ity or  a  small,  to  take  part  in  the  counsels 
and  in  the  resolutions  of  a  people  like  this.  I 
am  afraid  some  people,  some  persons,  do  not 
understand  that  vision.  They  do  not  see  it. 
They  have  looked  too  much  upon  the  ground. 
They  have  thought  too  much  of  their  neigh- 
bors. I  have  never  had  a  moment's  doubt  as 
to  where  the  heart  and  purpose  of  this  people 
lay 

"When  any  one  on  the  other  side  of  the 
water  has  raised  the  question.  'Will  America 
come  in  and  help?'  I  have  said:  'Of  course 
America  will  come  in  and  help.  She  cannot 
do  anything  else:  she  will  not  disappoint  any 
high  hope  that  has  been  formed  of  her.  Least 
of  all  will  she  in  this  day  of  newborn  liberty 
all  over  the  world  fail  to  extend  her  hand  to 
support  and  assist  those  who  have  been  made 
free.' 

"I  wonder  if  at  this  distance  you  can  have 
got  anv  oonception  of  the  tragio  intensity 
of  the  feeling  of  those  peoples  in  Europe  who 


302 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


have  just  had  yokes  thrown  off  of  them.  Have 
you  reckoned  up  in  your  mind  how  many  peo- 
ples, how  many  nations,  were  held  unwillingly 
under  the  yoke  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  em- 
pire, under  the  yoke  of  Turkey,  under  the 
yoke  of  Germany? 

"These  yokes  have  been  thrown  off.  These 
people  breathe  the  air  and  look  around  to  see 
a  new  day  dawn  about  them  and  whenever 
they  think  of  what  is  going-  to  fill  that  day 
with  action  they  think  first  of  us.  They 
think  first  of  the  friends  who  through  the  long 
years  have  spoken  for  them,  who  were  privi- 
leged to  declare  that  they  came  into  the  war 
to  release  them,  who  said  that  they  would  not 
make  peace  upon  any  other  terms  than  their 
liberty,  and  they  have  known  that  America  s 
presence  in  the  war  and  in  the  conference  was 
the  guaranty  of  the  result. 

"The  governor  has  spoken  of  a  great  task 
ended.  Yes.  the  formulation  of  the  peace  is 
ended,  but  it  creates  only  a  new  .task  just  be- 
guu.  I  believe  that  if  you  will  study  the 
peace  you  will  see  that  it  is  a  just  peace 
and  a  peace  which,  il  it  can  be  preserved,  will 
save  the  world  from  unnecessary  bloodshed. 

"And  now  the  great  task  is  to  preserve  it. 
I  have  come  back  with  my  heart  full  of  en- 
thusiasm for  throwing  everything  that  I  can. 
by  way  of  influence  or  action,  in  with  you  to 
see  that  the  peace  is  preserved:  that  when  the 
long  reckoning  comes  men  may  look  back 
uoon  this  generation  of  America  and  say: 
"TLey  were  true  to  the  vision  which  they  saw 
at  their  birth.1  " 

Arrival  in  Washington. 

After  the  bpeech  in  Carnegie  hall  President 
Wilson  and  his  p^rty  boarded  a  special  train 
and  left  for  Washington.  The  capital  was 
reached  at  a  late  hour,  but  a  crowd  estimated 
at  100,000  was  in  and  around  the  Pennsyl- 
vania railroad  station  to  greet  the  returning 
executive,  who  had  been  away  for  seven 
mouths,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  days  at 
the  end  of  February  and  the  beginning  of 
March.  Responding  to  an  address  of  welcome 
the  president  said: 

"I  came  home  confident  that  the  people  of 
the  United  States  were  for  the  league  of  na- 
tions, but  to  receive  this  immediate  assur- 
ance of  it  in  to-night's  reception  is  particu 


larJy.  pleasing  to  me.     It  makes,  my  homecom- 

ftt 

iui 

this  time,  and  everything  I  have  seen  since  I 
sighted  land  until  now  has  made  me  gladder 


ing  just  that  much  more  delightful.    I  never 
have  been  quite  so  eager  to  get  home  as  I  was 
rythim     " 


and  gladder  that  I  am  home.  No  country 
can  possibly  look  so  good  as  this  country 
looks  to  me.'1 

Thus  ended  President  Wilson's  memorable 
European  campaign  in  the  interest  of  world 
democracy  and  world  peace. 

EUROPEAN  GIFTS  TO  PRESIDENT  WILSON. 

Reports  circulated  by  persons  inimical  to 
the  president  and  referred  to  by  his  oppo- 
nents in  the  United  States  senate  that  he  and 
Mrs.  Wilson  while  in  Europe  had  received 
gifts  from  royal  and  other  personages  amount- 
ing in  value  to  millions  of  dollars  led  him  to 
direct  his  secretary  to  prepare  and  publish  an 
itemized  list  of  the  presents  received.  The 
list,  made  public  by  Joseph  P.  Tumulty  Oct. 
6.  1919,  was  as  follows: 

"Outside  of  a  considerable  number  of  small 
gifts,  such  as  books,  walking  sticks,  an  old 
silver  dish  found  in  the  ruins  of  Louvain. 
war  souvenirs  made  by  soldiers  or  out  of  war 
material,  and  numerous  medals  struck  off  in 
hie  honor,  the  following  are  the  only  im- 
portant gifts  received  by  the  president  in  Eu- 
rope: 

"In    England— Photograph    of    the    king-    and 
queen  of  England. 
"A  book  relating1  to  Windsor  castle. 


"The  freedom  of  the  city  of  London,  pre- 
sented in  a  gold  casket,  by  the  lord  mayor 
at  the  Guildhall. 

"In  Italy — A  water  color  picture  on  bronze 
easel,  presented  by  the  queen  of  Italy. 

"A  bronze  figure  presented  at  the  capitol 
in  Rome  (a  gift  from  the  people). 

"A  figure  of  'Italia  Victoria,'  sent  to  the 
train  at  Genoa,  either  by  a  school  or  by 
the  citizens  of  Genoa. 

"A  set  of  books  from  the  citizens  of  Genoa. 
"A  mosaic,  presented  by  the  pope. 
"In  France— A  bronze  figure,  presented  by  a 
body  of  students. 

"Knowing  that  there  is  a  constitutional  in- 
hibition against  the  president's  receiving-  gifts 
from  foreign  rulers  or  states,  the  president, 
after  consulting  the  secretary  of  state,  was 
preparing  a  list  of  the  presents  he  intended  to 
ask  the  permission  of  congress  to  retain  just 
before  he  started  on  his  western  tnip. 

"In    addition    to    the    gifts   received   by    the 
president,   the  following  tokens  were  presented 
to  Mrs.  Wilson  while  she  was  in  Europe: 
"In   France— A   pin    of   Parisian   enamel   with 
tiny  diamond  chips,  presented  in  the  hotel  de 
Ville  by  the  city  of  Paris. 

"Linen  hand  embroidered  luncheon  set 
(small  cloth  and  dozen  napkins)  in  a  case, 
presented  through  Mme.  Poincare  and  Mme. 
Pichon  by  the  working  women  of  France. 
"In  Belgium— A  small  medal  by  Cardinal 
Mercier. 

"A  Belgian  lace  table  cover,  presented  by 
the  queen. 

"A  complete  file  of  the  Libre  Belgique 
( the  paper  publi shed  during  the  German  oc- 
cupation), presented  by  the  king,  in  leather 
folder. 

"In  Italy— A  reproduction  of  the  'Wolf  and 
Romulus  and  Remus,'  in  gold,  presented  by 
the  people  through  private  subscription. 

"A  piece  of  lace  in  leather  case,  presented 
by  Sigr.  Orlando  in  behalf  of  'his  colleagues.' 
"A     small     reproduction     in     silver     of     a 
pitcher  found  in  the  ruins  of  Pompeii." 


Dec. 


CHRONOLOGY. 

1918. 
-President  Wilson   sails  for  Europe. 


Dec.  13 — Arrives  at  Brest,  France. 
Dec.  14— Arrives  in  Paris;  welcomed  by  Presi- 
dent Poincare. 

Dec.  15 — Lays  wreath  on  tomb  of  Lafayette. 
Dec.  16 — Given  official  luncheon  in  city  hall. 
Dec.  17— Confers   with   Marshal  Foch. 
Dec.  18— Holds  first  conference  with  American 

Dec.  lf£-Receives  visit  from  King  Victor  Em- 
manuel of  Italy. 

Dec.  20 — Returns  visit  of  king  of  Italy. 

Dec.  21 — Delivers   address   at   the    Sorbonne. 

Dec.  22 — Visits  Red  Cross  hospitals. 

Dec.  25— Reviews  and  addresses  American 
troops  at  Humes:  leaves  for  Lpndon. 

Dec.  26— Arrives  in  London  and  is  welcomed 
by  King  George  and  Queen  Mary. 

Dec.  27— Has  conference  with  Premier  Lloyd 
George  and  Foreign  Minister  Balfour;  given 
state  banquet  in  Buckingham  palace. 

Dec.  28— Makes  addresses  in  Guildhall  and 
Mansion  House,  London. 

Dec.  29— Visits    Carlisle    and    arrives    in    Man- 
Dec.  30— Makes   address   in   Free    Trade   hall. 
Manchester. 

Dec.  31— Returns  to  Pans. 
1919. 

Jan.  1— Leaves  Paris   for  Rome.    Italy. 

Jan.  2— Arrives   at    Genoa. 

Jan.  3— Arrives  in  Rome;  made  citizen  of  City: 
makes  address  in  parliament. 

Jan.  4— Visits  pope,  addresses  Academy  of  Sci- 
ence: lays  wreaths  on  tombs  of  King  Victor 
Emmanuel  II.  and  King  Humbert. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


303 


of 


Jan.  5— Welcomed   in   Milan:    lays   wreaths   on 

Columbus  and  Mazzini  monuments  in  Genoa 
Jan.  6— Visits  Turin;  greeted  by  1.000  mayors 

of  Italian  towns. 
Jan.  7 — Arrives   in  Paris. 
Jan.  20 — Addresses  French  senate. 
Jan.  25 — Makes       address     to     delegation 

French   working-  women. 
Jan.  26— Visits  battle  fields  at  Chateau  Thierry 

•and  Reims. 
Feb.  3— Makes  address     before     chamber     of 

deputies. 
Feb.  14— Leaves  Paris  for  a  brief  visit  to  the 

United    States. 
Feb.  15 — Sails  on  the  George  Washington    for 

Boston. 
Feb.  2-1— Arrives  at  Boston    and     speaks     in 

Mechanics'   hall. 

Feb.  25 — Arrives  in  Washington.  D.  C. 
March  3— Speaks    at    conference   of    governors 

and  mayors    in   Washington. 
March  4 — Attends  closing  session  of  congress: 

epeaks  at  Metropolitan  opera  house  in  New 

York  in  evening. 
March  5 — Sails  from  New  York  on  the  George 

Washington   for   Europe. 
March  13— Arrives  at  Brest.  France. 
March  14 — Arrives   at  Paris. 
March  15-June  28— Continues  peace  conference 

work. 


May  9-;-Addresses   International  Law   associa- 
tion in    Paris. 
May   10— Speaks   at   session    of     Academy    ol 

Moral  and  Political  Sciences. 
May  26— Speaks  at  dinner  given  to  President- 

Elect  Pessoa   of  Brazil. 
May  29— Sends    Memorial     day     message      to 

America. 
May  30— Makes     Memorial     day     address     at 

American  cemetery   at   Suresnes.  near  Paris. 
June  17— Leaves  Paris  for  visit  to  Belgium. 
June  18— Motors    with    King    Albert     through 

large   part   of   Belgium;    arrives  in  Brussels. 
June  19— Visits  Charleroi,   Louvain   and  other 

places:  meets  Cardinal  Mercier.  Burgamaster 

Max  and  others;  speaks  in  Belgian  chamber 

of  deputies. 
June  26— Speaks  at  dinner  given  in  his  honor 

by  President  Poincare. 
June  28 — Attends   signing     of     peace    treaty: 

issues   statements    to   the   people   of   France 

and    America;    leaves    for   Brest. 
June  29— Sails  on  the  George  Washington  for 

New  York. 
July  4 — Makes  July  4-  address   to   soldiers   on 

the    Georg-e    Washington. 
July  8— Arrives   at    New   Yo»-k    and    speaks   in 

Carnegie  hall;  arrives  in  Washington. 


MODERN  SUPERSTITIONS. 


Prof.   Edmund  S.  Conklin.  al 
inquiries  to  the  students  of  th 
Oregon  as  to  superstitions  infh 
any    degree,    received    557    rep 
tabulated  thus: 
Total. 
No.  Pet.  ] 
Knocking   on   wood  92    31 
Sour   leaf   clover  79    26 
reams    prophetic            59    9ft 

ter  senc 
e  Unive 
icncing 
lies,    wl 

Male. 
Sfo.  Pet. 
20    19 
7       7 
9       8 
21     20 

7       7 

5       5 
0       0 
11     10 

9       8 
5       5 

5       5 

12     10 
0       0 
0       0 

7       7 
7       7 
1     .  . 

3       3 

4       4 
0       0 

1     -  - 

ing 
rsity 
them 
lich 

Fern 

No.] 
72 
72 
5O 
17 

27 

29 
'29 
17 

16 
20 

15 

8 
14 
13 

6 
5 

8 

6 
5 
6 

5 

2 

out 
of 
in 
he 

ale. 
?ct. 
37 
37 
26 
9 

14 

15 
15 
9 

io8 

8 

4 

7 
7 

3 
3 

4 

3 
3 
3 

3 

1 

Total. 
No.  Pet. 
Five     leaf    clover    un- 

Male.    1 
No.  Pet.  ] 

0      0 
1 

"•ems 
<Jo.I 

5 
4 
0 
4 

3 

1 

3 

2 

2 
3 

0 

2 
2 

2 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 
4 

lie. 
>ct. 

3 

2 
0 
2 
2 

2 
1 

1 

2 

0 

1 
1 

1 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

Wish  upon  simultaneous 
remark  5 

2 

Third      smoke      lighted 
from   same   match  5 
Spilling  of  salt  cause  of 
quarrel  ....                      4 

2 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

5 

0 

1 
3 

0 

1 

1 
0 

3 

0 
0 

0 

I 

2 

2 

2 

2 
7 

5 

0 

'3 

0 

'6 

3 

0 
0 

0 

2 
2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

7 

Number    13     ...38 

13 
11 

11 
10 
9 

8 
8 

7 

7 
5 
4 

4 
4 
3 

3 
3 

2 

Sing     before     breakfast 
cry  before  night  4 
Horseshoe    4 

Opening      umbrella      in 
house  34 

Fortune    telling    (cards, 
tea  cup    palm)  34 

Dog    howling    at    night 
death   sign   ....               3 

Sleep  on  wedding  cake.  29 
Black  cats  28 

Drop      fork,      company 
coming    (or    knife)...  3 
Cutting    finger   nails   on 
Sunday    3 

Post     coming     between 
two  walking    25 

Picking1   up   pins    25 

Opals  lucky  or  unlucky    3 
Fear      cemetery      after 
dark                                     3 

Friday    or    Friday    the 
13th                                  20 

Walking    under    a    lad- 
der                                   20 

Removing  another's  ring 
breaks     friendship  2 
Knife   cuts    friendship..   2 
Bird     entering     house- 
death  or  bad  luck  2 
Flipping    coin     for    de- 
cision                       2 

Breaking  wish  bone....  14 
Wishing    on   stars  13 
Moon     over     shoulder, 
through   trees,    etc.  .  .  13 
Premonitions    12 

Breaking     mirrors  9 
Hoodoos.      jinxes      and 

Toe  stubbed,  unlucky..   2 
Number   23    ...              2 

'4 

Good     beginning,      bad 
ending  2 

Number    3  9 

Wishing  on  load  of  hay.  6 
Weather  signs    (ground- 
hog   etc)  6 

Lending     to     player    in 
same  poker  game  ....    2 
Moon     phase     affecting 
vegetable    growth  2 
Not  definitely   stated...  11 

Carrying           implement 
through   house  6 

2 

4 

4 

HENRY  FORD-CHICAGO  TRIBUNE  LIBEL  CASE. 


On  June  23.  1916,  The  Chicago  Tribune 
printed  an  editorial  entitled  "Ford  Is  an  An- 
archist" in  which  Henry  Ford  of  Detroit  was 
criticized  for  views  and  actions  concerning 
military  preparedness,  pacifism  and  recruiting 
for  the  national  guard  and  army.  The  manu- 
facturer filed  suit  in  the  Federal  court  in 
Chicago,  claiming  51,000,000  damages.  Later 
his  counsel  withdrew  it  and  instituted  pro- 
ceedings in  the  state  court  at  Detroit.  The 
Tribune  applied  for  a  change  of  venue  and 
Judge  James  G.  Tucker  of  the  Circuit  court 


of  Macomb  county,  at  Mount  Clemens.  Mich 
was  agreed  upon  to  hear  the  case.  The  selec- 
tion of  the  jury,  which  began  May  12,  1919 
the  taking  of  testimony  and  the  arguments' 
consumed  almoat  exactly  three  months  and  it 
was  not  until  Aug.  14  that  the  trial  ended. 
After  being  out  twelve  hours  the  jury,  which 
was  composed  of  eleven  farmers  and  one  road 
maker,  returned  a  verdict  awarding  Mr.  Ford 
6  cents  damages.  The  transcript  of  the  testi- 
mony in  the  case  approximated  2,000  000 


304 


ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


[Compiled   by   the 
State. 

Election 

POPULAR    VOTE   FOR 

bureau  Of    statistics    from 
Washin^tor 
Rep.        Dem.      Prog 

Hughes.            Wilaon.                < 

22  809         99  409     

Returns. 

PRESIDENT    (1916). 

reports    on   file    in    the    department    of    state, 
i.    D.    C.] 
Pro.        Soc.      S.-L.  .    ^-Pluralities-^         tTotal 

Hanly.          Benson,      beiuiir           Deill.        Kep.                VOtf 

1.034        1.925     76.600     131.177 
1.153        3.174     12.646     58.021 
2015        6,999     65.000    ..                  IRS  sin 

20.524         33.170     

47  148       112  148 

462  394       466  200 

27  698      43  259    

3  806                          999*551 

102  308       178  816 

2.793       10.049     
1.789        5.179         606 
566           480     

76.508     293*966 
6.728         213.874 
1,258           51  810 

106  514         99  786 

26011         24753     

Florida 

14  611         55  984 

4  855        6  353     

41  373     .  .                  80  808 

11.225       125,845     20.653 

*967     . 

114.620     158*690 
14.686     .  .                134  615 

Idaho 

55  368         70  054     

1127        8.066     

Illinois 

.  .    1  152  549       950  229 

26.047      61.394      2,488 
16.368      21.855      1.659 
3  371      10  976 

202  320      2  192  707 

341  005        334  063       3  898 

.                  6  942         718  848 

280  449        221  699 

58  750         516  495 

....        277  658       314  588 

12.882      24.685     
3,036        4.734         333 
.......            292    

36.930     ...!...          629*813 
28.136     519947 

241.854        269990     

6466         79875      6349 

73.409     .  .                  92  982 

Maine 

69  506         64  127 

597        2  177 

5  379         136  407 

117  347       138  359 

2.903        2.674         756 
2.993      11.058      1.097 
8  139      16  120     .... 

21  012                          262  059 

„     268784        247885     

20  899         531  817 

Michigan 

....          339  097       285  151     .  . 

53  946         648  507 

179  544       179  152         290 

7.793      20.117         468 
1.484     
3.884      14.612         902 
...              9  564 

39°         387  364 

Mississippi         ..  .. 

4.253         80,422     

76.169      .                    86*159 

369  339       398  025     .  .     . 

28  686                         786*763 

.  .         66  750       101  063         298 

34.313     177*675 
41  570                         286  177 

Nebraska 

117  257       158  827 

2  952        7  141 

12  127         17  776       .  ... 

348        3065    

5  649                          33*316 

43723         43779 

303        1  318    ...     . 

56                          89*123 

269  352       211  645 

3,187      10.462         890 
112        1.999     
19,031      45.944      2,666 
51           490    

57  707         495  536 

31  163         33  693     .... 

2.530     ...!...           66.'  967 
.               109  689      1  706  354 

New    York 

869  115       759  426     10  172 

North    Carolina 

120  988       168  383 

47.395     ...I...        '2891912 

North    Dakota    .... 

53471         55.206     

Ohio 

514753       604161     

8  080      38  092    .  , 

89  408                     1  165  086 

Oklahoma 

97  ?33       148  113          234 

1  646      45  190 

50.880     '  292,  418 
6  726         261  340 

126813       120,087     

4.729        9,711     

703  734       521  784 

28.525      42.637         417 
470        1.914         180 
135 

181  950      1  297  097 

44  gag         40  394 

4.464           87,816 
60.296     63,531 
5  026         128  942 

1  550         61  846 

South    Dakota  ..   .. 

64  217         59,191 

1.774        3,760    

116  223       153  282 

147         2.542     
1.985      18.963     
149         4.460         144 
709           798     ... 

37.059     ...'....          272'.194 
221.515     372.461 
29  888                         142  918 

64  999       286  514 

Utah    

54  137         84  025 

Vermont    .  . 

40  250         22  708 

17  542           64  465 

Virginia 

49  356        102  894            .  , 

783        1.060           67 
6.868      22,800         730 
175        6.140    

53  468                        153*990 

Washington     

167.244       183,388 

16  144                         381  030 

West   Virginia  

143.124       140.403     
221  323        193  042     

2  721         289  842 

7.166       27.846     
373        1.453     

28.281         449.377 
6.618     51,840 

Wyoming    

21.698         28.316     

Total 

8  538  221    9  199  606    41  894 

220.506     585.113    13.403 

or  void  ballots  or  vot 
n  the  table. 

jn,    1917,    2,363,939) 

Popu'  t-on. 

35964  Cullman    
25467  Dale    . 

1.362.105    770.720    18.528.743 
es  cast  for  names  not  ap- 

Wilson.        Hughes.      Benson.      H&nlr 

1396    1351            9            7 
1260       597           4            9 
T565         23            7           4 
1787    1190         33         14 
1631       147            9            7 
t82       108           3          — 
83       862         73           7 
1026       697         18         15 
1044       984         39            7 

'tl   71g     22     » 

795         15           1           2 
860       141         27            5 
1670       466         46         14 
lfX)7       567          32         16 
10677    2052      296        95 
1299       303            4         29 
1678       369        47         13 
995         43           4       116 
1369         42        30           5 
1450         92         19         13 
540           911 
575         43           2 

Plurality 

591.385 
tFigures  do  not  include  blank 
the  electoral  tickets  specified  i 

ALABAMA     (Populati 

/  President  1916  \ 
Dem.      Rep.     Soc.     Pro. 

Wilson.        Hughes.       Benson.        Hanly 

....      773         99         11            5 
....      766       216       148         10 
1235         45         13         12 

*No  candidate, 
pearing  on   any  of 

Counties. 

PopU,a«cn         (67) 

21589  Autaugrn     . 
21816  Baldwin   .  . 
32728  Barbour 

53401   Dallas    . 

31693  DeKalb     
29810   Elmore 

25926  Bibb    .. 

.   1247       217       106         17 

24413  Escambia    
47685  Etowah     . 
17792  Fayette    . 

21456  Blount    . 

.   1488    1229         26            6 

30196  Bullock    .. 
31417  Butler    .... 
42210  Calhoun    .. 
38612  Chambers  . 
20226  Cherokee    . 
28053  Chilton 

743           42          — 
...    1162         78            6           3 
.  .  .   2231       4*2         29         25 
...    1679       168            7         14 
...    1136       508          27            5 
881     1363         40         14 

21454  Franklin    . 
30915  Geneva    

22717  Greene   .. 

27883  Hale 

24684   Henry    
38204  Houston    
34678  Jackson     
289293  Jefferson  ... 
18512  Lamar    
34130  Lauderdale    . 
23341  Lawrence     ... 
33626  Lee   .. 

18736   Choctaw    . 
33321   Clarke    ., 
23857  Clay     
13516  Cleburne    . 
29876  Coffee     . 

...      765         21         12           2 
,.    1397         25         12          — 
...    1196       677            1            3 
...      760       578            5            9 
..    2029       426         17           4 

26598  Colbert     .. 

1132       352         44            1 

24294  Conecuh     . 
16992  Coosa    
44372  Coving-ton 
25974  Crenshaw  . 

...    1036         42         17            2 
....      867       485         34            3 
...    1738       305       107         24 
....   1427       139           5 

30161  Limestone  .. 
31894  Lowndes   
28184  Macon     . 

ALMANAC,  AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


305 


. 

2206 
1491 
1325 
944 
2968 
1029 
3316 
2120 
895 
1179 
1789 
1324 
752 
1311 
987 
770 
1539 
1892 
2437 
2314 
500 
866 
727 


Ihirhrr 

215 

19 

807 

1183 

832 

17 

106 

364 

20 

218 

50 

652 

3 

1428 

851 

8 

447 

129 

218 

1860 

32 

1 

1107 


Benson. 

45 

1 
1 

33 

75 

2 

19 

44 

12 

18 

11 

4 

4 

8 

53 

6 

4 

33 

41 

107 


6 


Hani? 

8 

1 
8 

10 

21 

1 

11 

38 

1 

4 


Population. 

49478  Madison 
41097  Marengo 
19684  Marion 
32395  Marshall 
94074  Mobile 
29700  Monroe 
89573  Montgomery 
37400  Morgan 
31222  Perry 
25531  Pickets 
32012  Pike 
26858  Randolph 
25937   Russell 
29331   Shelby 
20715  St.   Clair 
28699   Sumter 
39488  Talladegra    .. 
32025  Tallapoosa  .. 
55888  Tuscaloosa    . 
45663  Walker 
16876  "Washington. 
33810  Wilcox     .... 
15263  Winston 


Total    9940928809    1925    1102 

Plurality 70600 

Per    cent    ....75.7521.96     1.47        .82 
Total  vote...  131245 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson.  Dem.,  received 
82.438  votes:  Roosevelt.  Prog..  22.680:  Taft. 
Rep..  9.732  and  Debs.  Soc..  3.029. 

In  1918  Thomas  E.  Kirby.  Dem.,  was  elected 
governor  and  J.  H.  Bankhead,  Dem.,  U.  S. 
senator. 

For  Representatives  in   Congress,   1918. 

1.  The    counties    of    Choctaw,    Clarke,    Marengo. 
Mobile.    Monroe   and   Washington. 

John  McDuffie.   Dem ....3,721 

2.  The    counties    of    Baldwin,     Butler.    Conecuh, 
Covington,    Crenshaw,    Escambia,    Montgomery, 
Pike  and   Wilcox. 

S.  H.  Dent.   Jr..  Dem 5,717 

3.  The  counties  of  Barbour,  Bullock.  Coffee.  Dale, 
Geneva.   Henry.   Houston,  Lee  and  Russell. 
Henry  B.  Steagall,  Dem 5.868 

4.  The    counties   of   Calhoun,    Chilton,    Cleburne, 
Dallas.    Shelby  and  Talladega. 

Fred  L.  Blackmon,    Dem 4,266 

J.  A.  Bingham,    Rep 2,183 

5.  The    counties    of    Autauga,    Chambers.     Clay, 
Coosa,   Elmore,  Lowndes.  Macon,  Randolph  and 
Tallapoosa. 

J.  Thomas  Heflin,  Dem 6,254 

6.  The    counties   of   Bibb,    Greene,    Hale,    Perry, 
Sumter  and  Tuscaloosa. 

W.  B.  Oliver.  Dem 2,741 

7.  The    counties   of   Cherokee,   Cullman,    DeKalb, 
Etowah,    Blount.    Marshall   and   St.   Clair. 

John  L.  Burnett.  Dem 7.221 

O.   D.   Street,   Rep 5,622 

8.  The  counties  of  Colbert,  Lauderdale,  Lawrence, 
Limestone,    Madison,   Morgan   and  Jackson. 

E.  B.  Almon.  Dem 5,598 

9.  The    county   of   Jefferson. 

Georg-e   Huddleston,   Dem 6,338 

J.  O.  Thompson,  Rep 1,051 

10.  The   counties   of   Pickens,   Fayette,    Franklin, 
Lamar,    Marion,    Winston    and    Walker. 

W.  B.  Bankhead.  Dem 5.765 

Legislature.  Senate.  House.  J.B. 

Democrats  34      100      134 

Republicans    1          5          6 

State  Officers.      (All   democrats.) 
overnor — Thomas  E.   Kilby. 
Secretary  of  State— William  P.  Cobb. 
State  Treasurer— R.  L.  Bradley. 


ARIZONA    (Population,   1917,  263,788). 

Counties.  , President  1916 

Population       (14)  Dem.  Rep.  Soc.     Pro 

in  !•  17.  Wi  son  Hughes.  Beuson. 

9853  Apache  648  311  16 

53089  Cochise  61H5  3203  694 

1004 J  Coconino  1171  802  77 

22993  Gila  3686  1495  510 

11707  Graham  1597  497  119 

18894  Greenlee  1492  672  156 

44731  Maricopa  7634  5747  574 

4026  Mohave  1335  643  243 

13399  Navajo  1240  574  25 

28751  Pima  2079  2616  150 

9968  Pinal   1232        855        60 

8387  Santa  Cruz 726  666  42 

17598  Yavapai  2«93  1716  331 

10391  Yuma  1322  727  177 


anly 

5 

120 
22 
42 
44 
14 

685 
5 
42 
77 
32 
8 

43 
14 


Total   33170  20524  3174   1153 

Plurality   12646 

Per  cent 56.16  35.37  5.47  1.98 

Total  vote 58021 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson.  Dem.,  received 
10.174  votes;  Taft,  Rep..  2.975:  Roosevelt, 
Prog-..  6,881:  Debs,  Soc..  3,139:  Chafin,  Pro.. 
265. 

For  Governor,   1918. 

Thomas  B.  Campbell,  Rep 25,927 

Fred  T.   Colter.   Dem 25,588 

George  D.   Smith,  Soc 444 

For  Representative  in  Congress,   If)  IS 

Carl  Hayden.   Dem 26.885 

Thomas  Maddock.   Rep 16.822 

P.   T.   Robinson,   Soc 754 


Legislature. 


Senate. House.  J.B. 


Democrats 14  26 

Republicans    5 

State  Officers. 

Governor — Thomas  E.  Campbell,  Rep. 
Secretary  of  State— Mit  Simms,  Dem. 
State  Auditor— Jesse  L.  Boyce.  Dem. 
State  Treasurer— Harry  S.  Ross,  Dem. 
Attorney -General— Wiley  E.  Jones,  Dem. 
Supt.  Public  Instruction— C.  O.  Case.  Dem. 
State  Mine   Inspector— G.   H.   Boliu.   Dem. 


ARKANSAS    (Population,   1917, 

Counties. 

(75) 


134 

18021 
23792 
•25845 
23034, 
12193 
34781 
10705 
28870 
31339 
16681 
18958 
26397 
15331 


leveland  . . . 
lumbia  . . . 
nway  

raighead     .. 

rawf  ord 

rittenden    . . , 

ross    

alias  

Desha  

Drew  

Faulkner  

Franklin  

Fulton  

Garland  

Grant  

Greene  

Hempstead  . , 
Hot  Spring-  . 

Howard  

Independence 
Izard  


1,766,343). 

-Pres.  1916-^ 

Dem.  Rep. 

Wilson  Huehes 

1119  613 

1518  462 

908  316 

3106  1289 

1412  598 

1159  314 

929  273 

1512  1034 

561  473 
1797  824 
1949  971 

862  271 

1126  230 

2073  720 

1401  1030 

1951  543 

1623  1195 

562  89 
927  252 

1146  524 

960  369 

1626  836 

2030  81.6 

1671  582 

1096  388 

1669  1055 

954  188 

2283  529 

2097  1225 

l-i29  645 

1317  545 
19.S7 
1267 


285 


306 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


\Vi!i 


27236  Jackson 1349 

61320  Jefferson    2172 

21341   Johnson    1477 

14946   Laiayette    

22562  Lawrence    


j.^  t 

ifo 


06 


2770&  Lee 848 

16380   Lincoln     884 

13597  Little    River    842 

30173  Logan     2016 

31954  Lonoks    2176 

16056  Madison 1456 

10203  Marion  781 

21012  Miller    1418 

40748  Miss.ssippi   1249 

22164   Monroe     741 

13346  Montgomery     937 

21342  Nevada 1375 

1061-3  Newton  550 

22417  Ouachita    1390 

10940  Perry     976 

38625  Phillips    1466 

14217  Pike    1177 

17001   Poinsett    1174 

17216  POlk    1240 

26580  Pope    2147 

15296  Prairie    1061 

106083  Pulaski   6004 

20323  Randolph    1553 

17117  Saline     1567 

15520   Scott    1362 

16894   Scarcy    629 

63478   Sebastian    3716 

16818  Sevier    1262 

11688   Sharp    971 

26483   St.   Francis    960 

9563   Stone    681 

36728  Union    1689 

15179   Van    Buren    1269 

33889   Washington     2922 

31281  White    2815 

22781  Woodruff  935 

28930  Yell  ..  2099 


Total    111957    47148 

Plurality    64809 

Percent 66.65     28.04 

Total  vote    168780 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson,  Dem.,  received 
68.838:  Tail,  Rep..  24,467.  and  Roosevelt. 
Pros.,  21.673  votes. 

For  president  in  1916  Benson.  Soc..  received 
6.999  votes  and  Hanly.  Pro.,  2.015.  For  presi- 
dent in  1912  Chafin.  Pro.,  received  898  votes 
and  Debs.  Soc.,  8,153. 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Joe   T.    Robinson.    Dem 78,377 

For  Governor,  1918. 

Charles   H.    Brough.    Dem 68.192 

Clay    Fulks,     Soc 4.792 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Counties  of  Clay.  Craighead.  Crittenden,  Cross, 
Greene,  Lee.  Mississippi,  Phillips,  Poinsett,  St. 
Fraacis  and  Woodruff. 

T.    H.    Caraway.    Dem 10.343 

2.  Counties  of  Stone,  Sharp,  Randolph,  Lawrence, 
Fulton,    Izard,    Independence,   White.    Cleburue. 
Jackson,    Prairie   and   Monroe. 

W.    A.    Oldfifld.    Dem 10,775 

3.  Counties     of     Washington.     Benton.     Madison 
Carroll,  Newton.  Boone,  Searcy,  Baxter,  Marion 
and  Van  Buren. 

J.   N.   Tillman.    Dem 14,995 

4.  Counties  of  Crawford.  Logan,  Sebastian,  Scott. 
Polk.     Sevier,      Howard.     Pike,     Little     River. 
Miller  and  Montgomery. 

Otis  A.   Wingo.    Dem 12,279 

6.  Counties    of    Franklin,    Johnson,     Pope.     Yell, 
Oonway.   Faulkner,   Perry  and  Pulaski. 

H.    M.    Jacoway.    Dem 11,045 

6.  Counties  of  Desha,   Garland,   Hot  Springs,   Sa- 
line.   Dallas.   Grant,   Cleveland.   Lincoln,   Drew. 
Jefferson,  Arkansas  and  Lonoke. 
Samuel    M.    Taylor,    Dem 10,443 


7.  Counties  of  Hempstead.  Clark,  Nevada,  Colum- 
bia.   Union.    Ouachita,    Calhoun.    Bradley.    Ash- 
ley. Chicot  and  Lafayette. 
W.    8.   Goodwin.   Dein  ........................  8.962 

Legislature. 

The  legislature  has  four  republicans  ;  remainder 
democrats. 

State  Officers.     (All  democrats.) 
Governor  —  Charles  H.  Brough. 
Secretary    of    State  —  Tom   J.   Terral. 
Treasurer  —  Joe   Ferguson. 

CAJLFORNIA     (Population,    1917,    3,029,039). 

Counties.  .      ,  -  President  1916  -  N 

Population       ioa>  Rep.       Dem.       Soc. 

330758  Alameda     .....    51417 

309  Alpine     .........  60 

9086  Amador   ........      1209 

34734   Butte    ...........      3956 

9171   Calaveras  .......      1175 

8000  Colusa   ..........      1011 

41623   Contra    Costa...      5731 
499 
1068 
11707 
1342 


43748 
23 

1766 
4888 
1524 
1998 
6092 
471 
1755 

14241 
1797 
4103 
3273 
966 
9566 
2905 
1164 
1323 


5439 


2424  Del    Noite 

7492   El    Dorado 
103245   Fresno 

8648   Glenn 

38787   Humboldt    ......  5786 

22286   Imperial    .......  2694 

8871   Inyo    ............  846 

53215  Kern  ............  5611 

20872  Kings  ...........  2221 

5526  Lake  ...........  791 

5014  Lassen  ..........  877 

447816  Los  Angeles  ____  135554  114070 

9831  Madera  .........  1323  1880 

31895  Marin  ..........  4328  3789 

3956  Mariposa  ......  451  802 

26458  Mendocino  .....  3494  3371 

19479  Merced  .........  2132  2637 

7005  Modoc  ..........  768  1222 

2042  Mono  ...........  137  158 

27624  Monterey  ......  3599  3878 

22244  Napa  ............  3914  3088 

14955  Nevada  .........  1586  2548 

45195  Orange  .........  10609  6474 

20025  Placer  ..........  1954  3375 

5699  Plumas  .........  663  1025 

46957  Riverside  .......  7452  4561 

83784  Sacramento  ....  10696  14538 

9068  San  Bonito  ......  1440  1688 

77711  San  Bernardino.  11932  9398 

82288  San  Diego  .......  16978  H6815 

471023  San  Francisco..  63093  78225 

61882  San  Joaquin....  7861  11454 

21387  San  Luis  Obispo  2854  3539 

37162  San  Mateo  ......  5207  4485 

34164  Santa  Barbara..  4453  5198 

100563  Santa  Clara  .....  16592  14185 

20517  Santa  Cruz  ......  4228  4511 

20088  Shasta  ..........  2008  2828 

4156  Sierra  ...........  360  594 

20142  Siskiyou  .......  2059  3447 

30053  Solano  .........  3536  5678 

55630  Sonoma  .........  9733  8377 

31990  Stanislaus  .....  4401  5490 

6650  Sutler  ..........  1211  1543 

11697  Tehama  ........  1739  2534 

3301  Trinity  .........  424  661 

47896  Tulare  ..........  6845  7299 

9979  Tuolumne  ......  1057  1584 

21252  Ventura  ........  3980  2835 

14150  Yolo  ............  2334  2922 

11080  Yuba  .......  1530  1980 


136 

445 
136 
129 
912 
141 
186 

1675 
109 

1070 
368 
153 
567 
259 
182 
146 

8097 
187 
425 


Total    462516  466289   43263 

Plurality    3773 

Per   cent    46.26       46.64       4.33 

Total  vote   999781 

For  president  in  1916,  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
27.713  votes. 

For  president  in  1912  Roosevelt,  Prog.,  re- 
ceived 283,616  votes:  Wilson.  Dem.,  283.436: 
Debs,  Soc.,  79,201:  Chafin,  Pro..  23,326;  Tr»ft. 
Rep.,  3,914. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


307 


For  Governor.   1918. 

William  D.  Stephens,  Rep..  Prog.,  Pro 387.547 

Henry  H.  Roser.  Soc 29.003 

Theodore   A.    Bell.    Ind 251.189 

James  Rolpn.  Jr..  Write-in zu.buo 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Counties  of  Del  Norte,  Humboldt,  Mendocino, 
Glenn,  Butte,  Lake,  Colusa,  Yuba,  Sutler,  Sono- 
ma  and  Marin. 

Clarence  F.  Lea.  Dem..-. 42.063 

2.  Counties  of   Modoc.    Siskiyou,   Trinity,   Shasta, 
Lassen.      Tehama,      Plumas,      Sierra,      Nevada, 
Placer,  El  Dorado,  Amador,  Calaveras,  Alpine. 
Tiolumne   and   Mariposa. 

John  B.  Raker.  Dem 28,249 

3.  Counties  of   Yolo,    Napa.    Sacramento.    Soiano, 
Contra  Costa  and  San  Joaquin. 

O.  F.  Curry.  Rep. -Dem 51.690 

A.  K.  Clifford.   Soc 4.746 

4.  San  Francisco  (part). 

Julius  Kahn.   Rep 33.476 

William    Short.    Soc 30.745 

5.  San  Francisco   (parti. 

John   I.    Nolan,    Rep. -Dem 40,375 

Thomas  F.   Feeley,    Soc 6,032 

6.  County   of   Alameda. 

J.    A.   Elston.    Rep.-Dem 57.087 

Luella    Twining.    Soc 7,721 

f.  Counties  of  Stanislaus,  Merced.  Madera,  Fres- 
no, Kings,  Tulare  and  Kern. 

H.  B.  Barbour,   Rep 33,476 

Henry  Hawson,   Dem 30.745 

&.  Counties  of  San  Mateo,  Santa  Cruz,  Santa 
Clara,  San  Benito,  Monterey,  San  Luis  Obispo, 
Santa  Barbara  and  Ventura. 

Bveris   A.    Hayes.    Rep 27,641 

Hugh  S.  Hersman.  Dem 7 31,167 

9.  Los  Angeles  (part). 

Charles  H.   Randall.    Pro.-Dem 38,782 

Montaville  Flowers.   Rep 31.689 

Grace  S.   Henry.    Soc 2.718 

10.  Los  Angeles   (part). 

H.   Z.   Osborne,   Rep. -Dem. -Pro 72,773 

James   H.    Ryckman,    Soc 9,725 

11.  Counties    of    San    Bernardino,     Mono,     Inyo, 
Riverside.   Orange,   San  Diego  and  Imperial. 
William  Kettner,  Dem.-Rep.-Soc 45,915 

Legislature.  Senate.House.  J.B. 

Republicans     30          72        102 

Democrats    9  8  17 

Independents    1  0  1 

State  Officers. 

Governor— William   D.    Stephens.    Rep. 
Lieutenant-Governor — C.    C.   Young,    Rep. 
Secretary  of  State — Frank  C.  Jordan,  Rep. 
Controller— John  S.   Chambers.   Rep. 
Treasurer— Friend   William    Richardson,    Rep. 
Attorney-General— U.  S.  Webb.   Rep. 
Surveyor-General— W.    S.    Kingsbury,    Rep. 

COLORADO     (Population,    1917,   988,330). 

Counties  , President  1916 ^ 

Population       (63)  Dem.          Rep.       Soc. 

in  1917.  Wilson 

11905  Adams    1308 

6340  Alamosa  2652 

13740  Arauahoe  2120 

4167  Archuleta 830 

3799   Baca    1294 

6499  Bent 1473 

30742  Boulder  7419 

8012  Chaffee    2546 

6012  Cheyenne   802 

5001  Clear  Creek  ...  1289 

7835  Conejos    1721 

5056  Costilla    1028 

5501   Crowley     1160 

1947  Custer  539 

19673  Delta  2817 

268439  Denver 43029 

642  Dolores  251 

3243   Douglas   820 

2985  Eag-le  1136 

6958  Elbert  1230 

60674  El  Paso  ......  8381 


Fremont  . . . 
Garfield  .... 

Gilpin     

Grand 

Gunnison  .  . 
Hinsdale  . . . 
Hueriano  . . . 
Jackson 

Jefferson  

Kiowa 

Kit  Carson  . 

Lake  

La  Plata  . . . 

Larimer 

Las  Animas 
Lincoln 

Logan    

Mesa   

Mineral 

Moffat    

Montezuma 
Montrose   . . . 
Morgan 
Otero    

)uray    

>ark  

hiiiips    

Pitkm 

Prowers    

Pueblo   

Rio  Blanco 
Rio  Grande. . 

Routt    

Saguache  . . . 
San  Juan  . . . 
San  Miguel 
Sedg-wick    . . 

Summit 

Teller 

Washington 

Weld    

Yuma    


Total     178816    102308    10049 

Plurality    .,    ..   76508 

Per  cent   60.75       34.75       3.41 

Total  vote   ....  294375 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro.,  received 
2.793  votes.  The  progressive  vote  in  1916  was 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson.  Dem.,  received 
114.332  votes;  Roosevelt.  Prog..  72.806;  Taft. 
Rep..  58,386;  Debs.  Soc..  16,418;  Chafin.  Pro.. 
5.063:  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab.,  475. 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Lawrence    C.    Phippg.    Rep .....107,726 

John    F.    Shafroth.     Dem 104.347 

Richardson.    Soc 5.606 

For  Representatives  in  Congress.  1918. 

1.  City  and   county   of  Denver. 

Benjamin    C.    Hilliard,    Ind 6,112 

William    N.    Vaile.    Rep 27.815 

Stack.     Dem 16.364 

Underbill.    Soc 1.039 

2.  Counties  of  Adanis.    Arapahoe,   Boulder,   Chey- 
enne,   Douglas,   El  Paso,    Kit  Carson,   Larimer, 
Lincoln      Logan,     Morgan,     Phillips,     Sedgwick, 
Washington,  Weld  and  Yuma. 

Charles    B.     Timberlake,    Rep 41,562 

R.    E.    Jones.    Dem 26.044 

3.  Counties  of  Alamosa.  Baca,  Bent,  Clear  Creek, 
Conejos,    Costilla,    Crowley,    Custer,    Fremont, 
Gilpin,    Huerfano,    Jefferson,    Kiowa,    Mineral, 
Otero,     Park,     Prowers,     Pueblo,     Rio    Grande, 
Saguache   and  Teller. 

Edward  Keating,  Dem 29,075 

Guy   W.    Hardy,    Rep 31.715 

Holcomb.     Soc 1.453 

4.  Counties  of  Archuleta.  Chaffee,  Delta,  Dolores, 
Eagle.    Garfield,     Grand.     Gunnison,     Hinsdale. 
Jackson,  Lake,  Da  Plata.  Mesa,  Moffat,  Monte- 
zuma,    Montrose,    Ouray,    Pitkin.    Rio    Blanco, 
Routt,    San  Juan,    San  Miguel  and   Summit. 

Edward  T.   Taylor.   Dem 22,423 

Logan,    Rep 11.695 


308 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Legislature.  Senate. House.  J.B. 

Republicans     17  37  54 

democrats    17  28  45 

Progressive    1  ..  1 

State  Officers. 

Governor— O.  H.  Shoup,  Rep. 
Secretary   of   State — James  R.   Noland,   Dem. 
Treasurer — Harry    E.   Mulnix,    Rep. 
Attorney-General—Victor  E.  Keyes.  Rep. 

CONNECTICUT   (Population,  1917,  1,265.373). 

Counties.  ^-Pres.  191 6-> 

Population         (8)  Dem.          Rep. 

289939  Fairfield  ..                     ...20873  25962 

290111   Hartford ...24398  23265 

75069   Litchfield 6183  7288 

48467  Middlesex   3765  4524 

387006   New  Haven   30416  30175 

97453  New  London   8322  8283 

27872  Tolland 2032  2758 

49456  Windham ..   3797  4259 


Total    99786    106514 

.    Plural  ty  6728 

Percent 46.6          49.8 

Total  vote  213874 

For  president  in  1916  Benson,  Soc.,  received 
5,179  votes:  Hanly.  Pro.,  1,789,  and  Reimer, 
Soc. -Lab..  606. 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson.  Dem.,  received 
74561  votes:  Taft.  Rep  ,  68,324;  Roosevelt. 
Prog.,  34.129:  Chafin.  Pro.  2.068:  Debs,  Soc.. 
10.056;  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab.,  1,260. 

For   United   States   Senator,   191S. 

McLean.    Rep 107.020 

Cummings,    Deui 98,649 

Plunkett,    Soc 5,279 

Manchester,    Pro 1,768 

Huckser,    Soc. -Lab 619 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  County  of  Hartford. 

Augustine  Lonergan,   Dem 21,169 

George    A.    Quigley,    Rep 16.868 

2.  Counties   of    Tollund,    Winclliam,    New    London 
and    Middlesex. 

Richard  P.   Freeman?  Rep 16.251 

Frank  P.   Fenton.  Dem 13.467 

3.  County  of  New   Haven  (except   twelve   towns*. 

John  Q.  Tilson,  Rep 17.401 

Arthur   B.    O'Keefe.    Dem 15.711 

4.  County  of  JTairfiehl. 

Schuyler    Merritt,    Rep 19.008 

Lester  O.    Peck.    Dem 15.386 

5.  County  of  Litchfield  and  twelve  towns  of  New 
Haven   county. 

James   P.    Glynn,    Rep 13,455 

James  L.    Seery,   Dem 12,640 

Legislature. 
The  legislature  is  republican  in  botli  branches. 

State  Officers. 

Governor — Marcus  H.  Holcomb,   Rep. 
Secretary— Frederick  L.   Perry,   Rep. 
Treasurer — J.  Harold  Gilpa  trick,  Rep. 
Comptroller— Morris    C.    Webster.    Rep. 

DELAWARE    (Population,  1917,  215,160). 

Counties.  ^-Pres.  1916^ 

Population        (3)  Dem.        Rep. 

Ami.  Wison.  Hnifc 

32721   Kent  4210       3815 

133035   Newcastle  14894     16166 

49432   Sussex..      5649       6032 


Total  24753     26013 

Plurality 1260 

Percent  47.71      50.14 

Total  vote 51876 

For  president  in  1916,  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
630  votes  and  Ben?on.  'Soc..  480;  in  1912. 
Roosevelt  received  8,887;  Debs,  Soc..  556  and 
Chafin,  Pro..  623  votes. 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson,  Dem.,  received 
22,631;  Taft,  Rep..  15.000  and  Roosevelt. 
Prog1..  8,887  votes. 


For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Lewis  Heisler  Ball.    Rep 21519 

Willard    Saulsbury,    Dem .  20*113 

William  H.  Conner.  Soc '420 

For  Representative  in  Congress,  1918. 

Albert   F.   Polk.   Dem...  19632 

Caleb  R.  Lay  ton.    Rep 

William  H.   Crawford.   Soc '...'.'.     '420 

Legislature.  Senate. House.  J.B. 

Democrats    5  jo  17 

Republicans    12  23  35 

State  Officers. 

Governor— John   G.   Townsend.    Rep. 

State  Treasurer— George  M.  Fisher,  Rep. 
Auditor — Daniel  Thompson,  Rep 
Attorney-General— David  G.  Reinhardt.  Rep. 

FLORIDA    (Population,   1917,  916,185). 

Counties.  , President  1916 „ 

Tin00       (o4)                         Df™-  jgep-  So? 

35808  Alachua    *203Q  Hu'440  BeU33 

5015  Baker    439 

13518  Bay   705  279  9Q 

16SGO   Bradford    "...    1302  153  13 

7270  Brevard    599  174  7« 

4763  Broward    382  158  lift 

7468   Calhoun    ..'.      539  209  68 

7709  Citrus    601  46 

6467   Clay   380  79 

18123  Columbia  861  226 

24530  Dade   ,                1654  629  ^m 

18697  DeSoto \  '.  \    1  755  385  228 

101026  Duval 5456  133  ?8? 

45129  Escambia 2183  416  99 

Flagler  • —  _„ 

5427  Franklin 312  81  32 

27238   Gadsdcn     875  57  40 

12484  Hamilton   ..                  675  113  is 

5989  Hernando    446  38  38 

83682   Hillsborough   4627  691  R22 

14327  Holmes   763  427  1&> 

34525  Jackson    1975  410  34 

17951  Jeflereon    646  104 

7967  Lafayette    849  45  30 

11000  Lake   886  330  68 

8646  Lee    751  167  IS? 

20135  Leon   875  191  42 

1164o  Levy   712  216  25 

5973  Liberty    280  57  14 

17994  Madison  ..                     721  22  22 

13118  Manatee 1033  289  116 

28795   Marion    1567  462 

24159  Monroe    730  345  249 

11160   Nassau    420  94  40 

6352   Oskaloosa   603  303  29 

Okeechobee    —  —  _ 

15397  Orange   1261  415  51 

10937   Osccola    511  453  100 

9669  Palm  Beach 725  311  194 

8559  Pasco   779  236  82 

18814  Pinnllas 1503  555  173 

32670  Polk    2574  578  158 

14158  Putnam     879  418  93 

16158   St.  Johns   1133  326  136 

8859   St.  Luci?   703  134  HO 

20745   Santa   Rosa    896  111  19 

9453   Seminole    706  155  80 

7068   Sumter 599  70  30 

21559   Suwanee    1209  56  126 

9366  Taylor    547  51  11 

21259   Volusia    1541  886  109 

7604   Wakulla     387  121  32 

16473   Wr.lton    753  549  79 

11123  Washington    626  159  144 


Total    55984     14611     5353 

Plurality 41373 

Percent  69.34      18.09      6.63 

Total   vote    80734 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson.  Dem.,  received 
36.417  votes:  Taft.  Rep..  4.279;  Roosevelt. 
Prog-..  4,535:  Debs.  Soc.,  4,806;  Chafin,  Pro.. 
1.854. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


For   United  States  Senator.   1916. 

Popnlttion. 

11166  Emngrham  ... 
27334  Elbert    
25140  Emanuel    .... 
9639  Evans  
13568  Fannin     
11587  Fayette   
39380  Floyd 

Wilion. 
450 
1756 
11500 
334 
720 
494 
2137 
1146 
1540 
8945 
742 
126 
477 
1010 
675 
676 
1528 
1032 
1662 
562 
837 
550 

in 

868 
806 
503 
1185 
537 
299 
588 
402 
715 
398 
1269 
316 
245 
333 
1870 
455 
440 
1241 
330 
466 
114 
1118 
464 
462 
921 
721 
1002 
643 
1162 
1833 
943 
497 
657 
670 
497 
489 
766 
1172 
383 
462 
125 
633 
645 
2708 
490 
22-2 
625 
835 
500 
474 
1065 
511 
255 
574 
405 
773 
677 
1298 
1034 

111 

Hughes. 

8 

28 
34 
166 
25 
50 
166 
44 
1311 
258 
8 
45 
190 
39 
53 
222 
48 
141 
30 
137 
23 
22 
11 
78 
52 
31 
71 
14 
14 
63 
7 
20 
27 
64 

26 
5 
60 
55 
21 
19 
42 
70 

18 

15 
11 
41 
52 
21 
59 
301 
110 
102 

18 
10 
420 

85 
65 

13 

8 

8? 
43 
238 
73 
2 
36 
41 
15 
23 
38 
17 
7 
49 
57 
25 
40 
42 
42 
33 
481 

Pro*     BenBoa 

64       — 
183       — 
266       — 
58       — 
993       — 
70       — 
386       — 
236       — 
206       — 
1040   124 
560       — 
156       — 
36        1 
242       — 
84      — 
153       — 
270        1 
406      — 
367      18 
22      — 
779        8 
31      — 
237        2 
62      — 
89      — 
12        1 
24       — 
102      10 
6      — 
56      13 
145       — 
20       — 
150       — 

143      ~5 
4      — 

103       — 
56       — 
88        8 
171       — 
97      — 
181       — 

11   - 
a!    - 

7  105 

H  = 

65       3 

66      - 
58       — 
136      16 
44      77 
39       — 
166       — 
42        3 
783        3 
344       - 
25       - 
106      -, 
713       — 
23       — 

15      — 
181       — 
23      — 
524     10 
56      — 

14      — 
40       — 
14       — 
14       ~ 
200       — 
113      — 
29      — 
13       — 
173       — 
173       — 
86      — 
6      — 

W     R     O'Neal     Rep                         8,774 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
1.    Counties  of  Citrus.  Sumter.  Hernando.  Pasco. 
Pinellas.  Hillsboro,  Polk.  Manatee.  DeSoto.  Lee 
and  Lake.                                                             0  .... 

12224  Forsyth     . 

20126  Franklin    .... 

«.    Counties    of    Hamilton.    Suwanee.    Columbia. 
Baker     Bradford.    Nassau,    Alachua.    Jefferson. 
Lafayette.   Levy.   Madison.   Marion  and  Taylor 

221800  Fulton    ...   ., 
9237  Gilmer  

4780  Glascock    .... 
16745  Glynn    

9     Counties  of  Bay.'Escambla.  Santa  Rosa.  Wai- 
ton.    Holmes.    Washington.   Oskaloosa.    Jackson 
Calhoun.  Franklin.  Liberty.  Gadsden.  Leon  and 
Wakulla.                                                                      ... 

17132  Gordon    
21279  Grady    
19949  Greene    
26983  Gwinnett   .... 
11398  Habersham    . 
29364  Hall 

4.    Counties    of   Brevard.    Broward.    Clay,    Dade, 
Duval.   Monroe.    Orange.   Osceola.   Palm   Beach, 
Putnain,    St.    John.     St.    Lucie.    Seminole    and 
Tolusla.                                                                ,.  ,,A1 

19854  Hancock    .... 
14676  Haralson   .... 
17886  Harris  

17474  Hart    

Legislature. 
The  legislature  is  solidly  democratic. 
State  Officers. 

Governor—  S.  J.  Catts,  Pro. 
slcr/tary  Of  State-H.  Clay  Crawford.  Dem. 
Attorney-General—Van  O.    Swearingen.   Dem. 
Treasurer—  J.  C.  Luning.  Dem. 
Comptroller—  Ernest  Amos.  Dem. 

GEORGIA    (Population.   1917.   2,895,841). 

Counties.          /•  President  1916——% 

12318  Applm*    W413     '  *44        117       4 
5505  Bacon  287          46           —      — 

11197  Heard    

20894  Henry  

24316  Houston  
13087  Irwin  

24846  Jackson    
17661  Jasper  .. 

7344  Jeff    Davis... 
23692  Jefferson    .... 
13157  Jenkins     
13983  Johnson    
13103  Jones  
42  502  Laurens  

12653  Lee... 

12924  Liberty 

9852  Lincoln    
27648  Lowndes  
5444  Lumpkin  .... 
10706  Macon 

8899  Baker  435           —          94      — 

18781  Baldwin    579          65          42 
11755  Banks    989        126        118 

19497  Madison  
9147  Marion    

17346  Barrow    712        148        102      — 
9871  Q  Bartow      1325           92        o/5o        o 

10706  McDuffle    .... 
6442  Mclntosh  .... 
26523  Meri  wether... 
9202  Miller  
7585  Milton  
27477  Mitchell    
20450  Monroe    

14841  Ben  Hill    •             627            8        134      — 

28488  Berrien                  2102          32          49        2 

61lP  Bibb         ":          2048        201          58     25 

11302  Bleckley   362            6          14      - 
27646  Brooks    969        103          25      - 

26464  Sen"".::::  ilS5     29     8?   - 

19638  Montgomery.. 
22565  Morgan     
10593  Murray     
40891  Muscogee    ... 
19699  Newton    
12928  Oconee  
19263  Oglethorpe.... 
14967  Paulding-    .... 

§Sl44  Burke    673          19          14     - 

12837  Calhoun  265 
7705  Oamden  ^51            4            g      — 

18454   clndler     ."'.'.        442           -          28       - 

33977  Carroll  1621        118        413     31 

8179  Catoosa    624          32        210        2 
5547  Charlton  «±XS        ooo        a}  a      OQ 
85859  Chatham    ....      3797        368 
5586  Chattahoochee      156            5            4 
14087  Chattoog-a  ...      1006          20        240        1 
17096  Cherokee    ....        855        292        461      50 
27334  Clarke       lOoo        llo 

12282  Pierce 

20028  Pike   .. 

21916  Polk 

14706  Pulaski    
14195  Putnam    
4594  Quitman    .... 
5562  Rabun     
20297  Randolph  
62645  Richmond    ... 
9938  Rockdale   .... 
5213  Schley  

O94fi  Clav                          225            9          10      — 

11077  Cllyton  ':.....        517            3          75      - 

R494   Plinth                        374           53              8       — 

^1123  Cobb      '"".         1750        137       434 

giiiS  PnfffU  "091        120          29      84 

24281  Colquitt    1305          53        171        5 
13551  Columbia   ....        521            6          18 

23074  Screven    
21290  Spalding  
10941  Stephens  

8310  Crawford    ....        411            2            4      - 
20545  Crisp      577             4        100        1 

13437  Stewart    
31193  Sumter    
11696  Talbot    

4139  Dade                         616 

9388  Taliaferro... 
18569  Tattnall  

32821  DeKalb    1690          12        197 
24619  Dodg-e     788          64          3o 

OK1?!**    Tlrw»lv                                7^7               —             31         — 

11563  Taylor  

15627  Telfair    ., 

24178  Terrell  

UoTio  uooiy   '•'<           Q            17 
17755  Dougherty  ...        O.-JD          o/          JL< 
9105  Douglas    41(                         "°      — 

33517  Thomas     
14370  Tift  

127P9  Toombs  
3932  Towns    

3382  EcaolB   173          —          —     — 

310 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


^7851  Troup  . 
12604  Turner 
12210  Twigga 
6918  Union  , 
12757  Upson  , 
)5  Walker 


400 
365 


734 


1305 
1066 
292 
954 

15710  Wayne £60 

6151  Webster   248 

Wheeler 372 

5110  White 639 

16973  Whitfield 1093 

16871  Wilcox 590 

25320  Wilkeg 785 

10078  Wilkinson 371 

23953  Worth 690 


142§ 

523 
439 


16 
12 
17 

31 


172 
15 


300 
91 
59 


707 
58 


26 


Legislature. 
The  legislature  consists  of  44  senators  and  185 
representatives.    There  are  no  divisions  on  party 
'ines. 

State  Officers.    (All  democrats.) 
Governor — Hugh  Dorsey. 
Secretary  of   State— S.  Guyt  McLendon. 
Treasurer — W.  J.    Speer. 
Comptroller— W.  A.  Wrigrht. 


Total  ..122907  d!227   20670  969 

?er^r".::::::1171sTo   *&J**>  •« 

Soc    1,026. 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

W.  J.  Harris.  Dem 

G.  H.  Williams,  Rep •••;•« 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 


IDAHO    (Population,   1917,  445.176) 

Counties.          , President  1916- 

popuiation      (42)  Rep.     Dem.    Soc. 

.7.  Hughts. 

41884.  Ada    5299 

6700  Adams  ,  667 

24746  Bannock  2950 

8223  Bear  Lake    ...   1229 

4500  Benewah  935 

13604  Bing-ham  1885 

10933  Elaine  1231 

13100  Boise  657 

15813  Bonner  1417 

19370  Bonneville  ...  1736 

4893  Boundary  ....  598 

Butte  — 

Camas  — 

24100  Canyon  3570 

9763  Cassia     1320 

4068  Clearwater    ...      839 

3695  Custer    454 

6610  Elmore    658 

7500  Franklin  1089 

12167  Fremont  1654 


. 

WiJaon. 

5207 
645 
4084 
1566 
1374 
2306 
1830 
1048 
2003 
2341 
653 


359 
129 
298 
31 
337 
145 
173 
113 
409 

lo5 


Pro. 

Hanly 

101 

3 

24 

3 

21 

13 

16 

15 

26 

9 

7 


4478     645 
1629-    289 

678     242 

879 
1104 
1425 
2695 


63 

82 
30 

L9t 


us 


12 


14 
18 
25 
11 


Dem 


r 

tiP«  ofBen  Hill    Clay.  Crisp.  Dooly,  Leo. 
T   Randolph     Quitman.    Schley.    Stewart. 
nd  Webster. 
3.244 


anop  . 

Ta?lor  ^Terrell.  Turner  an 


es  "of"  CarrSt  Chattahoochee,  Coweta, 
HaSs.  Heard  Marion.  Meriwether.  Muscogee, 
Talbot  and  Troup.  .  qgl 

S.^i.eTiffeaSur&KiibrK^^u.- 
ton  and  Rockdale. 

W    D    Upshaw,  Dem 

.Counties  of   Bibb,    Butts.    Clayton         -. 
Fayette.   Henry.   Jasper.  Jones.   Monroe.   Pike. 

.4,707 


pson. 


6754  Lincoln 

1121 

1084 

95 

7 

9545  Madison     
6338  Minidoka   
21742  Nez    Perce    ... 
7750  Oneida     

1132 
963 
1753 
1014 

1371 
1135 
2675 
1298 

21 
540 

245 
29 

21 
65 
2 

4219  Owyhee    
Payette   

594 

775 

82 

18 

7750  Power    
16464  Shoshone    
3502  Teton     
23232  Twin   Falls    .. 
Valley     
4479  Washington    .. 
Yellowstone  pk 

1024 
2431 
650 
3083 

1545 

1079 
4239 
726 
3974 

1802 

50 

592 
109 

16 
3 

52 

21 

ing.  Polk.  Walker  and  Whitfield. 

Gordon  Lee,  Dem 

T    R    Glenn,  Rep ;••• 

^teEtt&nSSSlK0* 

thorpe.  Putnam.   Walton  and  Wilkes. 


•FoTsyth  Gilmo-r  Gwinnett.  Habersham  Hall, 
Jackson.  Lumpkin.  Milton  Pickens.  Rabun. 
Stephens.  Towns.  Union  and  White. 


Thomas  M.  Bell.  Dei 


6,911 


Glascock. 


mond 

Wilkinson. 

Carl  Vinson.  Dem  .  .  . 


Warren,    Washington    and 


,  Bacon.  Berrien. 
Clinch.     Coffee.      Echols, 
Davis.    Lowndes,    Pierce, 

.4,959 


•ijuii.  'Irwin,     Jeff 
.7ayne  and  Ware. 
'm    /i    Tjnikford.    Dorn 

12.  Counties  of  BleckleyY "Dodge'.'Emanuel.  Hous- 
ton. Johnson.  Laurens.  Montgomery.  Pulaski. 
Telfair.  Toombs.  Twiggs,  Wilcox  and  Wheeler. 
W.  W.  Larsen.  Dem. 


Total    55368  70054  8066  1127 

Plurality 14686 

Percent 41.21    51.97    5.98       .84 

Total  vote 134615 

For  president  in  1912  Taft,  Rep.,  received 
32.810  votes;  Wilson.  Dem..  33,921:  Roose- 
velt, Prog-.,  25,527;  Debs,  Soc..  11,960,  and 
Chafin,  Pro.,  1,537. 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 
For  term  expiring  March  4,  1925. 

W.   E.   Borah,  Rep 63,587 

Frank  L.  Moore,  Dem 31.018 

For  term  expiring  March  4,  1921. 

Frank  R.  Gooding,  Rep 47.497 

John   F.   Nugent,    Dem 48,467 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Burton  L.  French,  Rep 27,084 

L.    I.    Purcell,    Dem 15,672 

2.  Addison  T.    Smith.    Rep 32.274 

C.    R.    Jeppeson,    Dem 18.827 

For  Governor,  1918. 

D.  W.  Davis.  Rep 57.626 

H.  F.  Samuels.  Dem 38,499 

Legislature.  Senate. House.  J.B. 

Republican     30          46          76 

Democratic    11  18          29 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


311 


Governor—  D.  W.  Davis.  Rep. 
Lieutenant-Governor  —  C.  C.  Moore,  Rep, 
Secretary  of  State—  Robert  O.  Jones,  Rep. 

ILLINOIS  <P< 

Counties            f  U. 

Hopu,at,on     (102)                  Jfteg^ 

64588  Adams  ....            44fi3 

State  Officers. 
State  Treasurer- 
Attorney-Genera 

jpulation7l917,  6.234.J 

S.  Senator  1918.  , 
Dem.   Soc.   Pro 

Lewie.     Llojd.  '  Vennun 

5547   453   107. 
1324    1-2    11. 
870    48    55. 
484    44     4 
1015     5     4 
2752   123    35 
712     9     8. 
621    60    11. 
1959    80    17 
3151    97    51 
3369    132    31 
21188    21    24 
1480    40     6 
1350   689    11. 
2992    39    26. 
201219  22563   433 
2263    50    34 
1374    18    12 
1146   105    38 
1686    39    14. 
1348    39    15. 
1829   306    28. 
2963    45    27. 
473     4    15. 
1679    63    1'3. 
2229   101    32. 
695    53    15. 
2805   245    31. 
3278   267    38. 
1199    38    12. 
1955    36     8. 
814    25    11. 
1570    35    18. 
3025    86    42. 
570    11     6. 
533    16    12. 
2077   221    24. 
1847    86    17. 
2580    86     9. 
1674     9    11. 
2623    52    18. 
1215    '14     8. 
1478   124    17. 
716    23     5. 
4376   590    54. 
2306    67    23 
345     6     7 
2160   104    30 
2381   219    30 
6918   479    61 
1919    30    32. 
1497    94    17. 
2234    63    20  . 
2198   .104    25 
3670    222    49 
4501   417    44. 
6141    863    48. 
3029   168    46. 
1313    36    18. 
1631     4    17. 
354    15     8. 
2065    60    38. 
1609    96    25. 
4067   176    90. 
1231    12    10. 
1235    32    22. 
840    76     3. 
3562    119    61. 
2948    64    11  . 
1347     9    It. 
1204    43    31. 
7577   327    33. 
,1805    78    79. 
981     18    10. 
2772    39    72. 
420    10     1. 
848     7     3. 
356      7      1  . 

—John  W.  Eagleson,  Rep. 
1—  Roy  L.  Black,  Rep. 

06). 

,  President  1916.- 
Dem.    Rep.   Soc. 

i.    Wilson.     Huch  g.    Bonson. 

.  14268   11858   389 
,   3940    5395   116 
2652    3626    38 
.   1211    5181   190 
2856    1579    17 
5793    8213   249 
.   1181    1168    29 
1980    4496    94 
,   4485    3193   152 
.   9601   14632   254 
7982    6923   421 
5311    4936    51 
3574    3879   145 
.   4201    3423   302 
7772    8314    88 
.379438  435695  32471 
5570    5084   142 
2960    2879    41 
.   3386    9764   3:16 
4460    4380    99 
3768    4564   150 
.   4816    9610   378 
6710    6099   136 
1389    2885     6 
.   4529    5316    72 
.   5669    3207    72 
.   2054    4670   125 
.   6419    6371    704 
8686    9735   1175 
.   2920    1985    85 
6150    3400     — 
2241    4811   101 
3644    3239    75 
7711    6472   166 
1181    1168    29 
1611    2528    60 
5220   11401   620 
4977    8503    87 
6780    8356   185 
3884    3110    57 
6685    6028   101 
3052    2644    20 
3505    6775   143 
1822    3273    69 
9895   23868   906 
6096   10594    91 
1008    3316    19 
6785   10918   435 
5447   12905    715 
14625   20602   851 
5052    4481   190 
4087    7985    144 
6462    9801    97 
5726    5933   310 
11181   13997   632 
10012    8875   1089 
16302   175;)1  1091 
7892    6434   425 
2593    3579   110 
3886    3029    63 
1236    3926    38 
5740    71192    250 
3278    9024    58 
11699   14988   450 
2689    2693    60 
3430    6308    69 
2104    2825    27 
7903    7065   607 
7104    7536   157 
3370    2963    65 
3207    8639    69 
18718   18615   718 
4445    4796   170 
3028    4012    88 
7005    6293   239 
1158    2924    57 
2159    3863    87 
785     1444     42 

Prol 

Htnly 

263 
47 
394 
91 
120 
335 
30 
137 
236 
799 
339 
142 
83 
100 
177 
2309 
181 

2!f 

204 
259 
480 
202 
133 
131 
205 
189 
114 
401 
,   89 

94 
38 
367 
30 
119 
27(5 
342 
122 
117 
182 
112 
199 
64 
555 

ail 

56 

417 
184 
321 
353 
263 
350 
310 
617 
328 
287 
209 
121 
168 
117 
364 
172 
1016 
106 
199 

Bl! 

191 
161 
368 
344 
214 
98 
249 
25 
49 
4O 

2519H 
17801 
15481 
10397 
46063 
8610 
18035 
17480 
54900 
35909 
23517 
18661 
26026 
34787 
2818751 
34121 
14281 
34697 
18906 
19951 
37252 
27336 
10049 
20055 
280S2 
17096 
30517 
51993 
14628 
22363 
24180 
18227 
30638 
7015 
9724 
42968 
35543 
36071 
18157 
29825 
13954 
22657 
14331 
101402 
43376 
10777 
48018 
70060 
91851 
27141 
27750 
40465 
31335 
61618 
56837 
89847 
35094 
15679 
17377 
14200 
26887 
34515 
68127 
12796 
19723 
13508 
38576 
34420 
14630 
27864 
108756 
23735 
16376 
28622 
11215 
16450 
9615 

Alexander  

2267 

Bond  

1808 

Boone  

1845 

621 

615 

Carroll  

Caes  

.....    1459 

5735 

Christiaa  

Clark  

Clay  

Coles  

3645 

Cook  

158883 

2576 

Cumberland  

1522 

DeKalb  

3815 

DeWitt  

2251 

DuPage  

3951 

Edgrar  

Edwards  

Effingham  

1839 

Fayette  

Ford  

2085 

Franklin  

3944 

Fulton  

Gallatin  

962 

Greene  

1535 

Grundy  

;....;;  2091 

Hamilton  

1583 

Hancock  

3173 

Hardin 

Henderson  

1196 

Iroquois  

§716 

Jackson  

Kane  

8509 

Kendall  

1351 

Knox  

5209 

Lake  

LaSalle 

888° 

Lawrence  

2153 

Lee  

34°4 

Livingston  

....    4614 

Logan  

....    2982 

Macon  

5708 

Macoupin  

4095 

Madison  

7790 

Marion  

.      2879 

Marshall  

1855 

Mason  

1598 

Massac  

162*8 

McDonough  

3381 

McHenry  

3578 

McLean  

6102 

Menard  

....    1329 

Mercer  

....    2495 

Monroe  

d.840 

Montgomery  .... 

3411 

Morgan  

....    3363 

Moultrie  

1474 

Ogle  

3819 

Peoria  

9313 

Perry  

....    2503 

Piatt  

....    1819 

Pike  

2331 

Polk  

1167 

Pulaski  

1507 

Putnam  .. 

768 

313 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR   19CO. 


29935 
15970 
81466 
36422 
105206 
14852 
10067 
31693 
10098 
144092 
38198 
34614 
21856 
87018 
16613 
24421 
18759 
25697 
23052 
34507 
91383 
57727 
74326 
20506 

Randolph  .  . 

McOormiclc. 

3082 

Lewia. 

209« 
1421 
4643 
2117 
7887 
1515 
'1146 
2950 
563 
8767 
2481 
2748 
1862 
5333 
1268 
1653 
984 
1727 
2038 
1411 
4929 
2965 
2579 
1339 

Lloyd. 

103 
26 
1343 
192 
440 
23 
12 
46 
15 
1154 
290 
131 
33 
157 
60 
46 
169 
26 
41 
89 
407 

lit 

43 

31. 
34. 
61. 
26. 
53. 
24. 
5. 
44. 
3. 
55. 
23. 

*9.' 
107. 
11. 
25. 
11. 
15. 
12. 
29. 
34.. 
29. 
53. 
23. 

Wilson. 

5397 
.   3431 
10914 
5930 
17958 
3392 
2457 
7515 
1390 
00522 
5463 
6743 
5171 
13864 
3264 
4498 
2794 
4934 
5066 
3839 
11378 
8172 
6198 
3619 

Huzh.-». 

5517 
2993 
16169 
7061 
20900 
2595 
2826 
5911 
2887 
22144 
8620 
6662 
3135 
16330 
2600 
6294 
4657 
5383 
4.137 
100  15 
19S81 
10263 
14893 
1273 

Benson. 

132 
79 
2855 
787 
1001 
36 
21 
83 
31 
1152 
433 
341 
60 
605 
86 
154 
105 
59 
351 
127 
317 
530 
1439 
87 

lian'.v 

181 
132 
384 
176 
576 
215 
46 
357 
28 
423 
228 
258 
74 
1673 
179 
199 
85 
173 
83 
482 
171 
124 
352 
192 

Richland  
Rock  Island 

1457 
6701 

Saline 

3452 

Schuyler  
Scott 

9666 

1437 
3046 

Shelby 

2766 

Stark  . 

1282 

St  Clair    

9490 

Stephen  son  

3953 

Tazewell  

3423 

Union 

1225 

Vermilion 

7403 

Waba  sh  

1266 

Warren  
Washington 

2854 
2274 

Wayne  

2485 

White  

2076 

Whiteside 

4307 

Will  . 

7837 

Williamson  

4828 

Winnebagro  

6618 

Woodford  

Total   479967  426943  37167  3151.. 950229  1152549  01.384  26074 

Plurality    53024  202320 

Per  cent  50.50  44.92     3.91  .33..  43.33       52.57     2.80     1.19 

Total  vote 950496  2)192734 


For  U.  S.  senator  in  1918.  Francis.  Soc.- 
Lab..  received  3.268  votes. 

For  president  in  1916.  Reimer,  Soc.-Lab.. 
received  2,488  votes. 

For  president  in  1912,  Taft.  Rep.,  received 
253, 593" votes:  Wilson.  Dem.,  405.048:  Roose- 
velt, Progr.,  386,478;'  Debs.  Soc.,  81,278: 
Ohafln,  Pro..  15,710,  and  Reimer,  Soc.-Lab., 
4.066. 

For  State  Treasurer.  1918. 

Fred  E.  Sterling,  Rep 506,038 

James  J.   Brady,   Dem 364,235 

Robert  L.   Harv<-y,   Soc 34,241 

Orrin  L.  Dayton,  Pro 3.116 

For  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1918. 

Francis   G.    Blair,    Rep 508.769 

Edwin   Strauss,   Dem 354,405 

Emma  Pischel,   Soc 36,69* 

Eldon  G.    Burritt.   Pro 3,140 

For   University  Trustees,  1918. 

Cairo  A.  Trimble,*   Rep 573,434% 

John  M.  Herbert.*  Rep 563,312% 

Mrs.   Margaret  Day  Blake,*   Rep 565,573% 

John  M.  Crebs,  Dem 425,267% 

S.    B.    Montgomery,    Dem 418,897 

Mrs.   Mary  Onahan   Gallery,    Dem 418.193 

•Elected. 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

At  Large— Richard   Yates,   Rep 501,974 

William  E.  Mason,  Rep 479,533 

William   Elza   Williams.   Dem 361,505 

Michael  H.   Cleary,    Dem 356,168 

Clarence   C.   Brooks.    Soc 33,835 

Frank  Watts.  Soc 32,065 

Charles   P.    Corson,    Pro 3,110 

Edward   E.    Blake,   Pro 3,187 

1.  City  of  Chicago    (part). 

Martin   B.    Madden,    Rep 12,580 

George    Mayer,    Dem 9,776 

G.   J.   Carlisle.    Soc 381 

2.  City  of  Chicago   (part). 

James  R.   Mann,   Rop 29099 

Leo    S.    LeBosky,    Dem 17,895 

Robert   H.    Howe,    Soc 1.927 

3.  City  of  Chicago    (part)   and  towns  of  Lemont. 
Palos.   Worth.   Orland.   Bremen,  Thornton,  Rich. 
Bloom  and  Calumet,  in  Cook  county. 

William  W.   Wilson.  Rep ". 24.011 

Fred  J.    Crowley.    Dem 19  372 

Joseph  A.  Ambrose,  Soc 1,989 

4.  City  of  Chicago   (part). 

John  W.   Rainey,   Dem 15514 

Oarl  G.   Hoffman.  Soc 886 


,  5.  City  of  Chicago  (part). 

Louis  C.  Mau,  Rep 3,789 

Adolph   J.   Sabath,   Dem 10.517 

Emil  Jaeger,  Soc -..     919 

6.  City    of    Chicago    (part)     and    towns    of    Pro- 
viso.    Cicero,     Oak    Park.     Berwyn.     Riverside. 
Stickney  and  Lyons,  in  Cook  county. 

Hervey  C.   Foster,   Rep 22.692 

James   McAndrews.    Dem 32,638 

William  F.  Kruse,   Soc 3.101 

7.  City    of    Chicago    (part)    and    towns    of    Han- 
over.   Schaumberg,   Elk  Grove,    Maine,   Leyden. 
Barrington.    Palatine,    Wheeling    and    Norwood 
Park,   in  Cook  county. 

Niels   Juul,    Rep 35,428 

Frank  M.   Paddcn.   Dem 26.261 

J.  Louis  Engdahl,  Soc 7,387 

8.  City  of  Chicago   (part). 

Dan    Parillo.    Rep 3,201 

Thomas  Gallagher,  Dem 11,472 

9.  City  of  Chicago   (part). 

Fred   A.    Britten,    Rep 12,654 

James  H.    Poage,    Dem 10,074 

Charles  Kissling.   Soc 1,131 

10.  City    of    Chicago     (part).    Lake    county    and 
towns    of    Evanston.     Niles,     New    Trier    and 
Northfield.  in  Cook  county. 

Carl  R.  Chindblom.  Rep 33,094 

Philip  J.  Finnegan,  Dem 16,933 

Irwin  St.  John  Tucker.  Soc 3.284 

11.  Counties    of    DuPage,     Kane,     McIIenry     and 
Will. 

Ira   C.   Copley,   Rep 25,744 

Carl   F.    Schultz.    Soc 1,954 

12.  Counties  of  Boone.  DeKalb,  Grundy,  Kendall. 
LaSalle  and  Winnebago. 

Charles   E.   Fuller,    Rep 25,623 

Oscar   Ogren.    Soc 1,895 

13.  Counties   of   Carroll.    Loo.    Jo    Diiviess,    Ogle, 
Stephenson   and   Whiteside. 

John  C.  McKenzie,  Rep 20,861 

Shep.   H.   Zimmerman.   Soc 809 

14.  Counties  of  Hancock,  Henderson,  McDonough, 
Mercer,    Rock   Island   and   Warren. 

William    J.    Graham,   Rep 20,635 

Edmond  B.   Passmore.    Soc 1,791 

15.  Counties    of    Adams,     Fulton,     Henry,     Knox 
and  Schuyler. 

Edward   J.    King,   Rep 21,334 

Edward  P.  Allen.   Dem 13,148 

J.  W.  Connery,   Soc 942 

16.  Counties    of    Bureau.    Marshall,    Peoria,    Put- 
nnm.   Stark  and  Tazewell. 

Clifford   Ireland,    Rep 20.617 

Leander   O.    Eagleton,    Dem 14,759 

J.    J.   Van  Huss.    Soc  611 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


313 


17.  Counties    of    Ford, 
Lean  and  Wood  ford. 


Livingston,    Logan.    Mc- 
. 
Frank   L.    Smith,    Rep  .......................  19.123 

0.  S.   Schneider.  Dem  ........................  8,321 

18    Counties   of   Clark.    Cumberland,    Edgar,    Iro- 
quois.   Kankakee  and  Vermilion. 
Joseph  G.   Cannon,   Rep  .....................  22.427 

Frank   M.    Crangle.    Dem  ....................  14,402 

Peter  N.  Christensen.  Soc  ...................     371 

19.  Counties  of  Champaign.  Coles  .  Do  Witt.  Doug- 
las. Macon.  Moultrie.   Sliolby  and  Piatt. 
William    B.    McKinley.    Rep  .................  26.^y 

Thomas  B.  Jack^Dem  .......................  16,4^4 

:0T'ctun?ietaCf  ^owii;'  Calhoun;''^^ 
Jersey,     Mason,     Menard.     Morgan,     Pike    and 

?ra"k  E.  Blane.  Rep  ........................  14,184 

MonigoSy 


^  __ Rep.. 

Janies  *M.  Graham.  Dem 19'ooi 

o/'SSmS"^  rnd.-MadUoi:-M«nro4;     St. 

"  &!U*A.WriS!SS;  Rep tJ-JS 

J.    Nick   Perrin.  .Dem. 


Jefferson.   Lawrence.    Marion. 


Fayette,  Jasper.  Jene 
Richland  and  Wabash. 
E.  B.  Brooks.  Rep.... 
Martin  D.  Foster.  Dem ",»i 

Wayne  and  White 


Thomas   S.   Williams    Rep ».J- 

James  R.   Campbell.  Dem »-jg 

J.    J.   McGuinn.   Soc » 


25.  Counties  of  Alexander.  Franklin,  Jackson. 
Perry.  Pulaski,  Randolph,  Union  and  William- 
son. 

Edward   E.   Denison,   Rep 22.S8& 

D.  T.  Woodard.  Dem 15,000 

Vote  on  Propositions.  1918. 
Calling  a  constitutional  convention  to  prepare 
a  new  constitution  to  be  submitted  to  the 
voters  for  their  approval.  This  proposition 
required  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast  at 
the  election.  For  the  proposition,  662,012 ; 
against  the  proposition,  162,202 ;  total  number 
of  votes  cast  at  the  election,  975,545;  majority 
for  the  proposition,  74,240. 

The  act  providing  that  all  private  banks'  shall 
become  state  banks.  This  proposition,  required 
a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast  on  the  propo- 
sition. For  the  proposition.  403,458 ;  against 
the  proposition,  83,704 ;  majority  for  the  propo- 
sition. 319,754. 

The  $60,000,000  bond  issue  to  construct  good  roads, 
the  interest  and  principal  to  be  paid  out  of 
the  automobile  license  paid  into  the  secretary 
of  state's  office.  This  proposition  required  a 
majority  of  all  the  votes  cast  for  members 
of  the  general  assembly.  Total  number  of 
votes  cast  for  members  of  the  general  assem- 
bly, 898,821;  for  the  proposition.  661,815;  against 
the  proposition,  154,396;  majority  for  the  prop- 
osition. 212.405. 

Legislature.  Senate. House.  J.B. 

Republicans     34          91         125 

Democrats 17          62          1& 

State  Officers. 

Governor — Frank  O.  Lowden,   Rep. 

Lieutenant-Governor — John  G.   Oglesby,  Rep. 

Secretary  of  State — Louis  L.   Emmerson,  Rep. 

Auditor— Andrew    Russel.    Rep. 

Treasurer — Fred  E.   Sterling,   Rep. 

Attorney-General—Edward   J.    Brundage,   Rep. 


INDL1NA    (Population.  1917,  2,835,493). 


Counties. 
(92) 


President  1916—  x 


Dem. 


1508 

m 

3372 
5946 
3072 
5723 


AioW  Adams  2875 

105149  Allen     9470 

24971   Bartholomew  .  3441 

12688  Benton 1502 

15820  Blackford   1867 

24673  Boone ,%}% 

!?1?8  SSffi  •••••:•:  §? 

iS8&  •:.•:."•.•.:  |||| 

t2535  Clay  v?^? 
6674  Clinton  .. 
12057  Crawford 
27747  Daviess  . 
21396  Dearborn 
18793  Decatur  . 
25054  Dekalb  . 
52718  Delaware 
19843  Dubois  .. 

51894  Elkhart    OA_. 

15085  Fayette 2074 

30421  Floyd  38oO 

20439  Fountain    2437 

15335  Franklin  

16879  Fulton    2~ol 

30164  Gibson    37b5 

51426   Grant    58-7 

42963   Greene  3900 

27026  Hamilton 2799 

19030  Hancock ' 

20232  Harrison  2373 

20840  Hendricks    ....  2*53 

33167  Henry    3»60 

36536  Howard : 

29040  Huntington  ...  38.-M 

24727  Jackson   331 2 

13044  Jasper 

21961   Jay ™70 


3108 


64 

88 
265 


43881  Knox    5380 

27936  Kosciusko 3447 

15148  Lagrangre   1512 

118691  Lake  9946 

51205  Laporte 5276 

34198  Lawrence    3108 

65224  Madison 8106 

312153  Marion  3oQ43 

24175  Marshall  3221 

12950  Martin     1549 

30084  Miami  3854 

25288  Monroe   2796 

29296  Montgomery   ..  4107 

21709  Morgan 2616 

10543  Newton 1278 

24355  Noble  30G9 

4329  Ohio   632 

17437  Orange  2001 

14053  Owen    1812 

22214  Parke    2329 

18078  Perry    20C!9 

19684  Pike  2212 

21535  Porter    1871 

21670  Posey   2722 

13312  Pulaski  1%87 

20520  Putnam    2965 

29275  Randolph    2682 

19452  Ripley 2549 

19349  Rush 26C9 

8334  Scott   1068 

27027   Shelby  3900 

20676  Spencer    2335 

10666  Starke     1334 

14274  Steuben   1427 

102874  St.  Joseph 9709 

37135  Sullivan 3880 

9914  Switzerland 
410«7  Tippecanoe 

6260  Union    


1? 


20517  Johnson 


53    106830  Vigo 


V^milion 


491^8 

826 
100°8 
23*3 
11165 


314: 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


ifenititbm                                                      Wilson.            Huzhes.            Benson 

26926  Wabash   3168         3849         277 

Andrew  J.  Hickey,  Rep  27269 

Warren  Evans.  Soc  i'o96 

JSSSS  SH&v.v.:::                    1 

Legislature.                 Senate.House.  J.B. 

17445   Washington    ..      2414         1871            /J 

22418  Wells    .    2928         1947           56 
17f?0'>   White    2263         244xJ 

State  Officers. 
Governor—  James   P.   Goodrich.    Rep. 
Lieutenant-Governor—Edgar   D.    Bush     Rep 
Secretary  of  State—  Wm.   A.   Roach.  Rep. 
Treasurer—  U.  McMurtrie,  Rep. 
Attorney-General—  E.   Stansbury,   Rep. 

IOWA    (Population,    1916,    2,220,321). 

Counties.                 ,  President  1916  * 
population     (99)                         Rep.        Dem.         So£ 

14420  Adair                        1902'        1619        "Tv" 

16893  Whitley.  2510         2191            26 

Total    .        ...334063    341005    21855 

?£rcen?    El    45.47         ™£       3.04 

Total  vote  ...             718848 
For  president  in   1916  the  progressives  cast 
3898  votes;  Hanly,  Pro.,  received  16.368  and 
Reimer,  Soc.-Lab..  1.659  votes. 
For  president  in  1912  Wilson,  ^em     received 
o»i  son-    Taft     Rep      151.267;    Cnann,    rro., 
19/248?R?olvelf  Prog..  162.007:  Debs    Soc.. 
36!931  and  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab..  3.130  votes. 
For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
1    The  counties  of  Gibson.   Pike,  Posey,  Spencer, 

'lTo?KbT£ut™TS™  18.837 

17328  Allamakee    ...      2411         1714           24 
30725  Appanoose    ...      3327         2510         461 
12G71  Audubon    .             1581         1^47              7 

•  23156  Benton    3189         2556         106 
50962!  Black   Hawk    .      6742         4270         247 
27626  Boone    2955         2338         256 
15843  Bremer                     2684         1132            19 

ittiiSffSte&'&s&g^ 

roe,   Martin,   Morgan,   Owen  and   Sullivan 

19748  Buchanan    ....      3000         1808 
15981   Buena  Vista    .      2045         1454           48 
17119   Butler                       27°2            977 

17090   Calhoun                    2276         1515 

SscarVB&d^Eip.:...  23.943 

20117  Carroll   2408         2085            18 

iW-?Laaili'&a;i-«Bg»".S5* 

Floyd,     Harrison,     Lawrence,     Orange,     Perry. 
Scott   and    Washington. 

19047  Cass    2763         1801            51 
17765  Cedar    .  .          .        2862         1595            30 

2&176  Cerro  Gordo  ..      3556         2289         105 
10863  Cherokee    1578         1646 
15375  Chickasaw   ....      1999         3697           20 
10736  Clarke    1507         1175           19 

12766  Clay    ..      .              1649         1°34 

4    The    counties    of    Bartholomew,    Brown.    Dear- 
horn      Deootur,    Jackson.     Jefferson,    Jennings, 
Johnson.   Ohio,  Ripley  and  Switzerland. 

25576  Clayton                     3347         2379            72 

46532  Clinton                    5576         3903         291 

20041  Crawford  2756         1919           44 

24042  Dallas    2900         2495           95 

13315  Davis  1476         1811           39 

5.  The  counties  of  Clay,   Hendricks.   Parke,   Put- 
nara.   Vermilion  and  Vigo. 

16347  Decatur    ..              196°         °111           36 

17888  Delaware    2837         1332           49 
36257  Des  Moines  ...      4132         3827         292 
8238  Diok'nson    ....      1249           893           35 

Everett    Sanders.    Rep  20,271 

J     Harvey    Caldwell,    Soc  ot>» 
««.  The  counties  of   Fayette.    Franklin.    Hancock, 
Henry,   Rush.   Shelby,    Union  and  Wayne. 
Harry  G.  Strickland,   Dem  17.755 
Richard   N.    Elliott,    Rep  21.266 

9816  Emmet   ..               1409            809           34 

27919  Fayette    3872         2311         140 
17119  Floyd    2691         1250           99 
14780  Franklin    2464           691           22 

John    Nipp,    Soc  206 
7.  The  county  of  Marlon. 
Chalmer     Schlosser.     Dem  20,284 

15623  Fremont    1732         2085           45 
16023  Greene    2345         1455             8 
13574  Grundy   2127         1015           14 
17374   Guthrie                    2316         1805            37 

Merrill     Moores,     Rep  29,714 
Wm     H    Henry     Soc  1,010 

19242  Hamilton    3037         1125           78 

8.  The'  counties  of  Adams.  Delaware.  Jay,  Madi- 
son.  Randolph  and  Wells. 
Wm.    H.   Eichhorn.    Dem  19,421 

20921   Hardin   3335         1481            46 
23162  Harrison    „....      2610         2932           96 
18640  'Henry    2470         1728            24 

George    S.    Martin.     Soc  1.548 
D.  The  counties  of  Boone.  Carroll.  Clinton.  Foun- 
tain, Hamilton,  Howard.  Montgomery  and  Tip- 

Cha'rles    F.    Howard.    Dem  18,948 
Fred  S.  Purnell.   Rep  25,486 

12920  Howard    1562         1560           34 
12182  Humboldt    ....      1676           809           20 
li°96  Ida                           1412         1244           9° 

18409   Iowa   2484         1763            18 
21258  Jackson   2533         2186           66 
27076  Jasper    3092         3282         141 
15951  Jefferson  2167         1734           29 

James  Horn,  Pro  568 
John    E.    Broshear.    Soc  583 
10.  The  counties  of  Benton.   Jasper,    Lake.    New- 
ton,  Porter,    Tippecanoe.    Warren  and  White. 

26714  Johnson    2704         3650            82 
19050  Jones    28*8         1966           26 
21160  Keokuk    ..    ..        2822         2486           51 

21971   Kossuth    .       .        2647          1748            26 

36702  Lee  4395         3993         139  * 
64607  Linn                           8°J2         6131         278 

Wm.    R.    Wood.    Rep  26.384 

Erwin    S     Whitmer     Soc                                     504 

12855  Louisa   1876         1081           37  - 
13462  Lucas                      1672         1536         234  ; 

11.  The     counties     of     Blnckford.     Cass.     Grant. 
Huntington,  Miami,  Pulaski  and  Wabash. 
George   W     Rauch     Dem  19.849 

50688  Lyon                          1760         1137           46  i 

156°1   Mladi«on                   1871         1711            25    - 

Milton    W     Krauss     Rep           24358 

°9860  Mahaska                  3143         3151            98 

George    Lanning     Soc  905 

2r>9Q5  Marion                     2459         3094         145   - 

12.  The  counties  of  Allen,  Dekalb.  Lagrange.  No- 
hie.    Stenben    and'   Wbirley. 
Harry  W.   Hilgeman.   Dem  17,538 

30488  Marshall    4172         2414         224    ' 
15811   Mills    ..                    1707         1600            38 

13435  Mitchell    .               1963         1033           37 

16633  Monona     .      ..      1777         1910           25 

30862   Monro^    2144         2095         451 
16604  Montgomery    .      2333         1431           82 
30427  Muscatine   ....     3929         2694         573 
17464  O'Brien    2021         1787           29 

13.  The   counties   of   Flkhart.    Fulton.    Kosciusko. 
T.aporte.    Marshall.    St.   Joseph   and   Starke. 
Henry  A.  Barnhart.  Dem...               23.274 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


316 


fopuation.                                                   Hughe-.             Wilton.            Benson 

9123  Osceola     1258           874           28 

10.  Counties    of    Boone,    Calhoun,    Carroll,    Craw- 

24002  Page   2993         1747          106 

13845  Palo   Alto    1594         1630           40 
23799  Plymouth   2666         2258           30 

Webster    and    Winnebago. 
L.    J.    Dickinson,    Rep  23635 

14808  Pocahontas   ...      1808         1658 

J.    R.   Files,   Dem  ,  13,153 

56922  Poitawattamie.     5992         6263         187 
19717  Poweshiek  ....      2748         1880           99 
12904   Ringgold    1733         1351            25 
16555   Sac    2057         1629            35 

11.  Counties    of    Buena    Vista,    Cherokee.     Clay, 
Dickinson.   Ida,    Lyon,    Monona,    O'Brien,    Osce- 
ola,  Plymouth,    Sac,    Sioux   and  Woodbury. 
William   D.    Boies,    Rep  21.665 

16552   Shelby    1898         2060           25 
26642   Sioux    2261         2049           37 

G.   F.  Dietrich,    Soc  *308 

24757   Story    3722         1772           49 
22156  Tama                       3061         2572           67 

Legislature.                 Senate.House.  J.B. 
Republicans    45           93         138 

16312  Taylor    2219         1775           44 
16616  Union            ..         2050         1985           30" 

State  Officers 

15020  Van  Buren  .          1994         1735           32 
39433   Wapello    ....         4398         3994         786 
18194  Warren    2182         1910           30 
19925   Washington  .         2745         2139            34 
16184   Wayne          ....       1936         1935            71 

Governor—  William  L.  Harding-,  Rep. 
Secretary  of  State  —  W.  C.  Ramsay,  Rep. 
Auditor  of  State—  Frank  S.  Shaw,  Rep. 
Treasurer  of   State  —  Edwin  A.   Hoyt,   Rep. 

36726  Webster    3917         3196         151 
11914   Winnebago    .          1713           584            23 
21729  Winneshiek            2876         1956         121 
77109   Woodbury    ..         5735         8819         212 
9950   Worth    1463            566           34 

Attorney-General—  H.  M.  Havner.   Rep. 

KANSAS    (Population,   1917,   1,851,870). 

Counties.     ,  President  1916  > 

17951   Wright          .   ..      2599         1135            65 

Population     (105)          Rep.         Dem.        Soc.     Pro. 

Soldiers                    1108         1102           23 

Hughes.           Wilson.          B«nson.        Hanly 

33577  Allen     ...  4120       4043        354        105 

Total    .       ...280449    221699    10976 

13829  Anderson.    2385        2739        227          77 

Plurality          ..   58750 

28107  Atchison.     4624        4634        101        153 

Per  cent                54  04       42.73        1.92 

12340  Barber  ...    1632        2061        172        118 

Total    vote    ...                 518745 
For  president  in  1916  Hanly,   Pro.,  received 
3.371,  and  Reimer,  Soc.-Lab.,  459  votes. 
Foir  president  in  1912  Wilson,  Dem.,  received 
185,325;  Taft,  Rep.,  119,895;  Roosevelt,  Prog., 
161,819;  Debs,  Soc..  16,967,  and  Chafin,  Pro., 
8.440   votes. 
For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 
William    S     Kenyon     Rep      230,264 

20862  Barton    ..   2883        3281        211        106 
24007   Bourbon..   3370        5209        302           86 
21314  Brown     ..   4282        3503        190        125 
23059  Butler    ...   3614        4248        296        215 
7527  Chase  ....   1356        1583          80          51 
11429  Cha't'qua    2085        1737        345          29 
38162  Cherokee.    4350        6188        931        116 
5422  Cheyenne.      498          787        177        105 
5838  Clark     ...      653        1102          59          85 

Charles    R     Keyes     Dem                        121,830 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
1.  Counties  of  Des  Moines.  Henry,  Jefferson,  Lee, 
Louisa,   Van   Buren  and  Washington. 
Charles    A.    Kennedy,    Rep  15,921 

15205  Coffey     ..   2799       3121        161          61 
4494  Comanche      730          963        111          93 
32982  Cowley    ..   5282        5943        612        204 
60207  Crawford.    7067        8064     3279        129 
8976  Decatur..     1007        2431        146          47 

2.  Counties  of  Clinton,    Iowa,    Jackson,   Johnson/ 
Muscatine  and  Scott. 
Harry    E.    Hull,    Rep  19,95* 

26220  Dickinson.  4322        4971        180        116 
14422  Doniphan.  2826        1916          91          35 
24724  Doug-las    .  4968        3831        171        255 
9479   Edwards..    1157        1431          90        159 

William    E     Alclntosb     Soc                                 2  140 

1012   Elk    1769        2051        163          41 

3.  Counties   of   Black   Hawk.    Bremer,    Buchanan, 
Butler,    Delaware,    Dubuque,    Franklin,    Hardin 
and   Wright. 
Burton   E     Sweet    Rep               22,997 

14758   Ellis    1186        2335          55          32 
11041   Ellsworth    1944        1936          74          69 
9418  Finney    ..    1234        1370        185        103 
15697  Ford     ....   2336        3043        185        235 

20884  Franklin  .   3883        4128       304        284 

1.  Counties   of  Allamak'ee,    Cerro   Gordo,    Chicka- 
saw,   Clayton,    Fayette,   Floyd,   Howard,   Mitch- 
ell.   Winneshiek,    and    Worth. 
Gilbert   N     Haugen     Rep  20,643 

14095   Geary  ....    1730        1740          97          23 
8675   Gove  642           861           55          43 
11274  Graham    .  1150        1801        241          36 
1571   Grant     ...      200          208          32             9 

J    eph  C    Campbell    Dem                             .  11  283 

4477   Gray  660           889          90          68 

B.  Counties    of    Bento'n.    Cedar.    Grundy,    Jones, 
Linn.    Marshall    and    Tama. 
J^mes  W    Good    Rep                               ....    20  655 

1949  Greeley     .     210          168          69          35 
16060   Greenw'od  2957        2948        174           53 
4772   Hamilton.      511           522        101          26 

Sherman  W    DeWolf    Dem  ,  11,078 

17987  Harper    ..    1797        2648        195        244 

6.  Counties  of  Davis,   Jasper,   Keokuk,   Mahaska, 
Monroe,    Poweshiek   and    Wapello. 

20376  Harvey   ..   3468        3129       332        161 
1383   Haskell   ..      248          349           57          31 
3587  Hodg-eman     564          761          45        136 

Buell   McCash     Dem      12988 

16861   Jackson..     3439        2896          34          60 

H    Grimes    Soc                                                        397 

15820  Jefferson      3162        2904        116          77 

7.  Counties    of    Dallas.    Madison.    Marion,    Polk, 
Story  and  Warren. 

18148   Jewell    ...    2021        4180        135        248 
18422  Johnson  .    3767        3928        137          68 
4737  Kearny    ..      538          488        109          51 

H.    C     Evans     Dem  8.493 

15374   Kingman.    1891        2626        167        259 

Charles    Gay      Soc        .  .                                  .     560 

8954   Kiowa       .      901           956          40        302 

9.  Counties    of    Adams,    Appanoose,    Clarke,    De- 
catur,  Fremont,  Lucas.  Page.  Ringgold.  Taylor, 
Union    and   Wayne. 
Horace   M     Towner    Rep                   .              20  409 

34368  Labette  ..   5327        6421        656          99 
3361   Lane    ....      363           659          81           29 
41402  L'av'nw'rth  5534        6002        536        104 
103°8   Lincoln        1716        2il06          54          64 

D    Fulton  Rice    Dem        11  258 

14735  Linn     ....    2699        2930        256          51 

9.  Counties    of    Adair.    Audubon,    Cass.    Guthrie, 
Harrison.     Mills.     Montgomery.     Pottawattamie 
and   Shelby. 
William  R.  Green.  Rep...,   22.234 

5901  Logan    ...      590           709          70          37 
24927  Lyon    ....   4210        5581        356        308 
23684  Marion    ..   3453        2789        274        105 
23880  Marshall..   4581        4275        185        106 

316 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Peculation. 

21593 


Hnche*. 

1593  M'Phers'n  3791 
7590  Meade  ...   972 

88 


VTilion. 

3730 
977 

188 


Benson.  H»n!y 

238  213 

71  143 

S?  ?i 


2083  Morton  ..  405 
19072  Nemaha  .  3591 
27037  Neosho  .  4052 

6866  Ness  ....  927 
Ili823  Norton  ..  1616 
19905  Osage  ...  3770 
13544  Osborne  .  2149 
12269  Ottawa  ..  2003 
11613  Pawnee  ..  1484 
14150  Phillips  .  2271 
17522  Pot'w't'mi'  3688 
14126  Pratt  ....  1820 

7209  Rawlins..  803 
44295  Reno  ....  6832 
17447  Republic..  2882 
15369  Rice  ..  ..  2493 
17210  Riley  .  ..  3320 
13705  Rooks  ..  1621 

9060  Rush  .  ..  1223 
12487  Russell  ..  2011 
22718  Saline  ..  3976 

4468  Scott  .  ..  415 
94305  Sedg-wick  10871 

6477  Seward  ..  678 
67821  Shawnee..  12597 

6987  Sheridan..      760 

5428  Sherman..  582 
15365  Smith  ...  2605 
14465  Stafford  .  1811 

1549  Stanton    .      180 

3790  Stevens  .  391 
34320  Sunmer  .  4078 

6435  Thomas    .      641 

7351  Tre&o  ...  867 
12721  Waba'nsee  2640 

3912  Wallaces  .  381 
20229  Wash'gt'n  3765 

2597  Wichita  .  318 
22866  Wilson  ..  2970 

9450  Woodson..    1861 

119660  Wy'ndo'tel3863 

Soldier  vote     286 


457 
3579 
4890 
1213 
2876 
4276 
2621 
2691 
2124 
2912 
2834 
2607 
1271 
6649 
3805 
2800 
2637 
2394 
1478 
1934 
4846 

684 
13368 
1103 
9452 
1189 
1196 
3431 
2148 

170 

646 
5518 
1299 
1094 
1706 

497 
3316 

333 

3493 

1794 

17850 

235 


51 

61 

238 

177 

173 

287 

82 

117 

120 

149 

61 

130 

165 

941 

147 

188 

299 

111 

173 

79 

225 

110 

868 

97 

510 

55 

87 

175 

174 

22 

46 

458 

101 

68 

89 

79 

127 

43 

553 

161 

1028 

2 


42 
69 
57 

147 
49 

103 

229 

123 

121 
96 
43 

241 
52 

425 
85 

369 
87 

108 
62 
90 

143 
45 

924 
84 

402 
23 
23 

131 

194 
32 
85 

305 

JI 
41 

73 

28 
87 

380 

2 


Total.. 277658  314588  24685  12882 
Plurality.  36930 

Per    cent.  44.09      49.95       3.92      2.04 
Total  vote  629813 

For  president   in  1912.   Taft.  Rep.,   received 
74.845   votes:    Wilson.   Dem..    143,663:    Roose- 
velt, Prog..   120.210:  Debs.  Soc.,  26.779. 
For   United   States   Senator,    1918. 

Arthur  Capper,  Rop 280.476 

William  H.  Thompson,  Dem 148,565 

Eva  Harding,   Soc 11.400 

For  Governor,  1918. 

Henry  J.  Allen.   Rep 286.484 

W.   C.  Lansdon.   Dem 132.444 

George  W.  Kleihege,  Soc 12,703 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
1.  Counties  of  Atchison.  Brown,  Doniphan,  Jack- 
Bon.     Jefferson,      Leavenwortn,      Nemaha     and 
Shawnee. 

D.  R.   Anthony,  Jr.,   Rep 33.573 

Frank  E.  Whitney,   Dem 17.020 

George   Stahlman.    Soc 1.802 

t.  Counties  of  Allen,  Anderson.  Bourbon,  Donglns, 
Franklin.  Johnson.  Linn.  Miami  and  Wyandotto. 

Edward    C.    Little,    Rep 32.510 

H.  S.  Martin.   Dem 23,145 

Gertrude  C.  Hnrmnn.   Soc 1,153 

5.  Counties  of  Chautauqua,  Cherokee.  Cowley. 
Crawford.  Elk.  Labette.  Montgomery.  Neosho 
and  Wilson. 

P.  P.  Campbell,   Rep , 32,721 

O.   E.   Pile,    Dem 22.779 

8.   J.    Mattox.    Soc 2.810 

B.   T.   Herrick.   Ind 1,408 

4.  Counties   of  Cbase,   Coffey,   Greenwood,   Lyon, 


Marion,  Morris.  Osage.  Pottawatomie.  Wabaun- 
see  and  Woodson. 

Homer  Hoch,   Rep 26,800 

Dudley  Doolittle,    Dem 17,697 

W.  S.   Armour,  Soc 1,011 

5.  Counties    of    Clay.    Cloud.    Geary.     Dickinson. 
Marshall,  Ottawa.   Republic,  Riley,  Saline  and 
Washington. 

James    G.    Strong,    Rep 29.567 

Guy  T.   Helvering,  Dem 17,950 

Jacob   Myers,    Soc 1,069 

6.  Counties    of    Cheyenne.    Decatur.    Ellis.    Ells- 
worth.  Gove.    Graham.   Jewell.   Lincoln.   Logan. 
Mitchell.    Norton.    Osborne.    Phillips.    Rawlins. 
Rooks.     Russell.     Sheridan.     Sherman.     Smith. 
Thomas,  Trego  and  Wallace. 

Hays   B.   White,   Rep 30299 

J.    R.    Connelly,    Dem 22.740 

Daniel   Beeby,    Soc 1,594 

7.  Counties  of  Barber.   Barton,   Clark.  Comanche. 
Edwards.   Finney.   Ford.   Grant.   Gray.   Greeley. 
Hamilton.    Harper.    Hodgeman.    Haskell.    King- 
man.    Kiowa.    Kenrny.    Lane.    Meade.    Morton. 
Ness.   Pa\vnee.   Pntt.   Reno.   Rice.  Rush,  Scott 
Seward.  Stafford.  Stevens.  Stanton  and  Wichita. 

J.    N.   Tincher.    Rep 37722 

Jouett    Shouse,    Dem 27,535 

Mrs.  C.   C.    Jeffrys.    Soc 1,811 

8.  Counties  of  Butler.  Harvey,  McPherson,  Sedg- 
wick  and   Sumner.- 

W.   A.   Ayers,    Dem 22,044 

C.   C.    Mack,    Rpp 20209 

S.  O.  Coble.   Soc '820 

T  ff?f  stature. 

The  legislature  is  republican. 
State  Officers. 

Governor— Henry    J.    Allen.    Rep. 
Lieutenant-Governor—Charles  S.  Huffman    Rep 
Secretary  of  State— L.  J.  Pettijohn.  Rep.' 
Treasurer— Walter  L.  Payne.  Rep. 
Auditor— Fred  W.  Knapp,    Rep. 
Attorney-General— Richard  J.  Hopkins.  Rep 
Supt.   Public  Instruction— Miss  L.   E    Wooster 

Reo.  

KENTFCKY    (Population,   1917,   2,394,093). 

Counties.  , President  1916 

Population    (,120)  Dam. 

In  1917.  Wilson 

17682  Adair  1675 

15047  Allen  1647 

10215  Anderson  1521 

14098  Ballard  2222 

26822  Barren  3370 

13988  Bath  1796 

37751  Bell  1373 

9420  Boone  2008 

17462  Bourbon  2715 

26809  Boyd  2738 

15289  Boyle  2052 

10308  Bracken  .  1676 


fRfhg:  & 

1863  1 

2147  4 

1065  1 

692  75 

2462  23 

1360  8 

3321  54 


19890  Breathitt 
21399  Breckinridge 


9487  Bullitt 
5805  Butler 


^.Lt}*/    v/auo 

63126   Camr 

9048  Carlis 

8110  Carro 


2067 

2172 
1508 
1158 
1605 
3334 
7290 


1646 
1 


757 


14063  Caldwell    ... 
21497  Calloway    .. 
Campbell     .. 
sle     ---- 

roll   .....  , 

23236  Carter    ..........  1954 

15725  Casey    .........  1352 

39489  Christian    ......  3644 

18931  Clark    ..........  2620 

19558  Clay    ............  8^0 

8358  Clinton    ........  379 

13296  Critt-nd«n    .....  1455 

10490  Cumberland    .  .  .  653 

42736  Daviess    .......  5396 

10751   Fdmnnson    .....  935 

9814   Elliott    .........  1151 

12713   Estill    ..........  1180 

51834  Fayette    ........  6348 

16066  Fleming-    .......  2°*0 

20865  Floyd     ..........  2217 

21341  Franklin    ......  3345 

45988  Fulton    .........  2200 

4697  Gallatin    .......  1060 


13 
1 

10 

49 

135 

513 


19 

8 
54 


19 

2~9 
7 

1 

19 
1 

16 
12 
17 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


917 


Population.  Wilson. 

11894  Garrard  1375 

105&1  Grant   1841 

33784   Graves   6197 

20016  Grayson,    1953 

11871  Green    1239 

20695  Greenup    1820 

8512  Hancock   833 

22696  Hardin    3£72 

11096  Harlan    690 

16873  Harrison    2778 

18173  Hart   2048 

29352  Henderson    3699 

13716  Henry    2595 

11752  Hickman 1982 

36696  Hopkins    37o7 

10859  Jackson    252 

285089  Jefferson   28840 

13115  Jessamine 1727 

20220  Johnson 1253 

75293  Kenton   10402 

12312  Knott 1454 

25577  Knox 1126 

10701  Larue   1350 

21536  Laurel    1371 

20399  Lawrence    1910 

10659  Lee    793 

10598  Leslie 133 

11682  Letcher    1121 

16887  Lewis    1276 

18508  Lincoln  2212 

10627  Livingston    1287 

24977  Logan 3373 

9498  Lyon    1191 

27931  Madison   3295 

14857  Magoffin   1433 

16359  Marion    206J 

17287  Marshall 2263 

8394  Martin    280 

18611  Mason 2820 

39685  McCracken  4356 

8000  McCreary 324 

13818  M,cLean    1589 

9783  Meade  1317 

6153  Menifee    730 

14063  Mercer    2093 

10792  Metcalfe    1046 

14108  Monroe    882 

12892  Montgomery    ...  1705 

18789   Morgan    2319 

34332  Muhlenburg  ...  2900 

17006  Nelson    2639 

10601  Nicholas    1829 

27902  Ohio    2723 

7371)  Oldham    1455 

14248  Owen   2911 

?784  Owsley    .  197 

985  Pendleton    1728 

13429  Perry    904 

38243  Pike 3414 

6268  Powell    

38110  Pulaski    

4121  Robertson    

15972  Rockcastle    .... 

10285  Rowan    

11712  Russell    

16956  Scott    

18041   Shelby    ... 

11460  Simpson   1887 

7682  Spencer    1271 

12608  Taylor    1360 

16488  Todd    20al 

14878  Trigg     1722 

6512  Trimble   1319 

19886  Union     2754 

31023  Warren   422: 

13940   Washington   ....  1654 

18434  Wayne   1373 

21614*  Webster    2673 

31366  Whitley   

10665  Wolfe  

12571  Woodford < 


156 


Total    ........  269990    241854    4734 

4.59    .91 


Total  vote    .....  518028 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro.,  received 
3.036  votes:  the  progressives  cast  122  vote 
and  Reimer  Soc.-Lab..  received  321  votes. 


For  president  in  1912  Wilson.  Dem.,  received 
519.584  votes:  Taft,  Rep..  115.512:  Roosevelt. 
Prog..  102.766:  Debs.  Soc.,  11.647;  Chafin, 
Pro..  3.233:  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab..  956. 

For   United  States  Senator,   1918. 

A.  O   Stanley.  Dem 184.385 

Ben  L.  Brunei1.   Rep 178.797 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

.  The  counties  of  Ballard,  Caldwell.  Galloway 
Carlisle,  Crittenden,  Fulton,  Graves.  Hickman! 
Lyon.  Livingston.  Marshall,  McCracken  and 
Trigg. 

Allen  W.  Barkley,  Dem 19998 

W.  G.  Howard,  Rep 9*947 

2.  The  counties  of  Christian.  Daviess  Hancock, 
Henderson.  Hopkins,  McLean.  Union  and  Web- 
ster. 

David  H.  Kincheloe.   Dem 18.749 

Ben  T.  Robinson.  Rep 13.740 

.  The  counties  of  Allen.  Barren.  Butler.  Edmon- 
son,  Logan.  Metcalfe.  Muhlenburg,  Simpson, 
Todd  and  Warren. 

R.  Y.  Thomas,  Jr.,  Dem 18.032 

Bishop   S.   Huntsman.    Rep 16.443 

4.  The  counties  of  Breckin  ridge,  Bullitt,  Grayson, 
Green,    Hardin,    Hart,    Larue.    Marion,    Meade 
Nelson.    Ohio.   Taylor  and  Washington. 

Ben  Johnson,  Dem 18.834 

John  P.   Haswell,   Jr.,   Rep 17.075 

5.  The  county  of  Jefferson. 

Charles  F.  Ogden.  Rep 21.788 

Swager  Sherley.   Dem 20.703 

6.  The  counties  of  Boone,  Campbell,  Carroll.  Gal- 
latin,   Grant.    Kenton.    Pendleton   and  Trimble. 

Arthur  B.  Rouse.  Dem 19,039 

Virgil  Weaver,   Rep 8,842 

7.  The   counties  of  Bourbon.    Clark.    Estill.   Fay- 
ette.    Franklin,     Henry.    Lee.    Oldham.    Owen. 
Powell.   Scott  and   Woodford. 

J.   C.   Cantrill.   Dem 19,612 

A.  B.   Hammond,    Rep 12,590 

8.  The  counties  of  Adair,  Anderson,  Boyle,  Casey, 
Garrard.  Jessamine.  Lincoln,    Madison,  Mercer. 
Shelby.   Spencer. 

Harvey  Helm,  Dem 15.270 

Robert  L.  Davidson.  Rep 13,673 

9.  The   counties  of  Bracken.   Bath,   Boyd.   Carter. 
Elliott.     Fleming.     Greenup.     Harrison,    Lewis, 
Lawrence,    Mason,    Menefee.    Morgan.    Nicholas. 
Robertson.  Rowan.  Wolfe,  Montgomery.  Breath- 

W.'  J.  Fields.  Dem ,...21.810 

Trumbo   Sindegas,    Rep 18.106 

10.  The    counties    of     Floyd,     Jackson,     Johnson, 
Knott.  Letcher.  Martin.  "Magoffin.  Owsley.  Pike 
and   Perry    (Knott   county  missing). 

John   W.   Langley,   Rep 13.284 

David    Hays.    Dem 6.511 

11.  The  counties  of  Bell.   Clay,   Clinton,   Cumber- 
land,  Harlnn.   Knox.  Leslie.   McCreary.   Monroe, 
Pulaski.    Russell.    Rockcastle.  Wayne.    Whitley 
and   Laurel. 

J.  M.   Rohison,  Rep 24.730 

Nat  W.  Elliott,  Dem 7.656 

Legislature.  Senate.  House.  J.  B. 

Democrats     20          46 

Republicans    18          54          72 

State  Officers. 

Governor— Edwin  F.  Morrow.    Rep. 
Secretary  of  State— Fred  A.  Vaughn,   Rep. 
Treasurer— James   A.   Wallace,   Rep. 
Auditor— John  G.  Graig.   Rep. 
Attorney-General—Charles  I.  Dawson.  Rep. 

LOUISIANA    (Population.   1917,   1,856,954). 

Parishes.  ,-President,  1916-p 

*W        <64>  £?£,  8SS:  ^ 

37953  Acadia    202  1165  22 

14139  Allen     81  708  J 

23887   Ascension    106  531  »1 

25959  Assumption    221  489  373 


818 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Population.  Hughes. 

37315  Avoyelles  44 

19589  Beaure§rard  59 

24833  Bienville  20 

21738  Bossier  9 

68200  Caddo  151 

31974  Calcasieu  165 

9816  Caldwell     20 

4534  Cameron  10 

11745  Catahoula  20 

26525  Claiborne  15 

14803  Concordia  10 

29606  DeSoto  17 

37082  East  Baton  Rouge..  130 

11831  East  Carroll  3 

20055  East  Feliciana  21 

Evangeline  26 

14251  Franklin  10 

18188  Grant  31 

32901  Iberia  134 

33836  Iberville  160 

17248  Jackson  27 

20382  Jefferson  56 

20681  Jefferson  Davis  ....  200 

33045  Lafayette  73 

36197  La  Fourche 157 

10603  LaSalle  20 

20375  Lincoln  42 

12471  Livingston  3o 

10676  Madison  1 

20357  Morehouse  3 

38820  Natchitoches  45 

377010  New  Orleans  (city)  .2581 

29394  Ouachita  35 

12524  Plaquemines  43 

25289  Pointe  Coupee  37 

48172  Rapides  134 

11402  Red  River  4 

19165  Richland 7 

23125  Sabine  30 

5457  St.  Bernard  23 

12764  St.  Charles  30 

9677  St.  Helena  9 

25061  St.  James  185 

15802  St.  John  the  Baptist  115 

55186  St.  Landry  117 

26083  St.  Martin  36 

43181  St.  Mary  162 

22990  St.  Tammany  95 

37579  Tangipahoa  159 

17060  Tensas  5 

31133  Terre  Bonne  113 

21860  Union  22 

30538  Vermilion  78 

22534  Vernon  — 

25643  Washing-ton  66 

22149  Webster  6 

14352  West  Baton  Rouge..  28 

8120  West  Carroll  14 

13449  West  Feliciana  8 

24714:  Winn  50 


Wilson. 

1253 
968 

1229 
675 

3109 

1798 
554 
163 
459 

1276 
264 

1104 

1482 
219 
489 


Total  6466  79875  6349 

Plurality  73409 

Per    cent    6.98    85.95    6.74 

Total   vote    92974 

For    president    in    1916    Benson.     Soc.,    re- 
ceived 284  votes. 

For  United  States  Senators,  1918. 

Edward  J.    Gay,   Dem.    (short  term) 44,345 

J.  E.  Ransdell,  Dem.   (long  term) 44,224 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Parishes  of   Orleans    (half),    St.   Bernard  and 
Plaquemines. 

Albert  Estopinal,  Dem 11,060 

2.  Parishes    of    Orleans     (half),     Jefferson,     St. 
Charles,    St.    John   the  Baptist  and   St.   James. 
H.  Garland  Dupre,  Dem 10,391 

8.  Parishes    of    Assumption,     Iberia,    Lafayette, 

La  Fourche.  St.  Martin,  St.  Mary,  Terre  Bonne 

and   Vermilion. 

Whit  P.    Martin.    Dem 2,888 

4.  Parishei  of  Caddo,  DeSoto.  Bossier.  Red  River, 

Webster.  Bienville,  Claiborne. 

John  T.  Watkins.  Dem 5,299 


5.  Parishes     of     Catahoula,     Jackson,     Caldwell, 
West  Carroll,    Concordia.    East   Carroll,   Frank- 
lin,   Madison,    Morehouse,    Ouachita,    Richland. 
Tensas.    Union  and   Lincoln. 

Riley  J.  Wilson,   Dem 3,831 

6.  Parishes    of   Ascension,    Iberville,    East    Baton 
Rouge,  East  Feliciana,  Livingston,   St.   Helena, 
St.    Tammany,    Taugipahoa,    Washington,    West 
Baton     Rogue,     West     Feliciana     and     Pointe 
Coupee. 

Jared  Y.  Sanders,  Dem 3,659 

7.  Parishes     of     Acadia.      Calcasieu,      Cameron, 
Evangeline,     St.     Landry,    Allen,     Beauregard, 
Jefferson  Davis. 

L.   Lazaro,   Dem 3,584 

8.  Parishes    of   Avoyelles,    Grant.    Rapides,    Nat- 
chitoches.  Winn,    Sabine,    LaSalle,    Vernon. 

J.   B.   Aswell,   Dem 4,082 

Legislature. 
Both  branches  of  the  legislature  are  democratic. 

State  Officers.    (All  democrats.) 
Governor — Ruffin  G.   Pleasant. 
tieutenant-Governor— Fernand  L.  Mouton. 
Secretary  of   State — James   J.    Bailey. 
Treasurer — Henry   Hunsicker. 

MAINE  (Population,  1917,  777,340). 

Counties.  , — President  1916 — * 

Population       (16)  Rep.        Dem.       Soc. 

in  1917.  Hughes.         'Wilson-        Benson. 

63890  Androscoggin   4496  5464  279 

84825  Aroostook    5775  2420  48 

120281  Cumberland    11768  9795  321 

19611  Franklin     1988  1908  63 

35575   Hancock   3191  3303  125 

65595  Kennebec    6731  5527  223 

28981   Knox    2211  3434  179 

18216  Lincoln   1781  1718  51 

E 91 89  Oxford    4026  3615 

1882  Penobscot   7322  7395 

22030  Piscataquis    2141  1763 

18574  Sag-adahoc    1828  1791  91 

38089   Somerset    3567  3134  236 

23383  Waldo    2418  2539  104 

42905  Washing-ton    3890  3459  63 

71184  York    6373  6853  142 


Total    69506     64118    2186 

Plurality    5388 

Per  cant   50.96     47.00     1.60 

Total  vote 136405 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro.,  received 
595  votes. 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson,  Dem.  received 
51.113  votes;  Roosevelt.  Prog:.,  48.493.  Taft. 
Rep.,  26,545:  Debs,  Soc..  2,511;  Chafin.  Pro., 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Bert  M.    Fernald.   Rep 67,431 

Elmer  E.  Newbert.  Dem 54,839 

For  Governor,  1918. 

Carl  E.    Milliken.    Rep 64,069 

Bertrand  G.   Mclntire,   Dem 58,918 

For  Representatives  in-  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Counties   of   Cumberland   and    York. 

Louis   B.   Goodall,    Rep 15,565 

Lucius   B.   Swett.   Dem 13,389 

2.  Counties  of  Androscoggin,  Franklin,  Knox,  Liu 
coin,    Oxford    and    Sagadahoc. 

Wallace  W.    White.    Jr.,    Rep 17,928 

D.   J.   McGillicuddy,   Dem 15.144 

3.  Counties     of     Hancock,     Kennebec,     Somerset, 
Waldo   and    Washington. 

John  A.  Peters,  Rep 20,293 

Edward    Chase,    Dem ,..14.930 

4.  Counties    of   Aroostook,    Penobscot   and    Pisca- 
taquis. 

Ira   G.    Kersey,    Rep 14,275 

Leon   G.   C.   Brown.  Dem 10.S1S 

Legislature.  Senate.House.  J.B. 

Republicans     29        110        139 

Democrats     2          41          43 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


319 


State  Officers. 

Governor—  Carl  E.  Milliken.  Rep. 
Secretary—  Frank  W.  Ball,  Rep. 
Treasurer—  Joseph  W.  Simpson,  Rep. 

MARYLAND     (Population,    1917,    1,373,673) 

Counties.  /•  -  President  1916^  —  •1 


(23) 

68774  Allegany    .......  4859 

39558  Anne    Arundel..  4111 

145-ill   Bait.  more   ......  152^6 

10398  Calvert    ........  910 

21382  Caroline    .......  1965 

33986   Carroll    ........  4016 

23759  Cecil    ...........  2587 

16386  Charles  ........  1363 

29184  Dorchester  .....  2750 

53221  Frederick    ......  6094 

21859   Garrctt     ........  1031 

27965  Harford    .......  3345 

16196  Howard    ........  1913 

16957  Kent    ...........  1886 

33284  Montgomery    ...  3805 

40708  Prince    Georges.  3493 

16839  Queen   Annes   ..  2206 

17030  St.    Man's  ......  1443 

26843  Somerset    ......  1885 

19620  Talbot    .........  2180 

52890  Washington  ....  5642 

29706  Wicomico  ..... 

22554  Worcester  ..... 

694637  Baltimore    city 


Soc. 


3285 

2138 

60226 


49805     1216 


Total    138359     117347    2674 

Plurality    21012 

Per  cent    52.80       44.78     1.02 

Total   vote    262039 

For  president  in  1916  Reimer,  Soc.-Lab..  re- 
ceived 756  votes:  Hanly.  Pro.,  rece  ved  2.903. 
For  president  in  1912  Wilson,  Dem.,  had 
112,674  votes;  Roosevelt,  Prog.,  57.789;  Taft. 
Rep..  54,956;  Debs.  Soc...  3.996;  Chafin.  Pro.. 
2,244;  Reimer.  Soc. -Lab..  322. 

For  Governor,  1919. 

Albert  C.  Ritchie.  Dem 112.240 

Harry  W.  Nice,  Rep , 112,075 

For    United   States   Senator,    1916. 

Joseph   Irwin    France,    Rep 113,662 

David   J.    Lewis,    Dem 109.740 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,   1918. 

1.  Counties    of    Worcester.    Somerset.    Wicomico. 
Dorchester,     Talbot,     Queen     Anne,     Caroline, 
Kent    and   Cecil. 

William   N.   Andrews.   Rep 14,219 

Jesse  D.  Price,   Dem 13.913 

2.  Baltimore   city,    wards  15   and   16:   counties   of 
Carroll.   Harford  and  Baltimore. 

Carville  D.   Benson.   Dem 17,985 

Charles  J.   Hull,    Rep 14,758 

William    H.    Champlin,    Soc 568 

3.  Baltimore  city,  wards  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.  6.  7.  8  and 
22  and  the  9th,   10th.  llth  and  13th  precincts  of 
the   18th    ward. 

Charles  P.  Coady,  Dem 12,422 

Charles    A.    Jording.    Rep 8,244 

William  A.  Toole.   Soc 604 

4.  Baltimore  city,   wards  9.   10.  11.   12.  13.   14.   17, 
19  and  20  and  the  1st.  2d.  3d  and  12th  precincts 
of  the  18th  ward. 

J.   Charles  Linthicum,   Dem 14.689 

Walter   E.    Knickham.    Rep 10,718 

Charles  B.  Lazzell.   Soc 368 

5.  Baltimore   city,    wards   21.    23   and   24   and   the 
4th.   5th.   6th.  7th  and  8th  precincts  of  the  ISth 
ward,    counties   of  St.    Mary.   Charles,    Calvert, 
Prince  George.  Anno  Arundel  and  Howard. 

Sydney   E.    Mudd,    Rep 13.266 

Frank   M.    Duvall.    Dem 10,987 

James   L.    Smiley,    Soc 464 

6.  Counties    of    Allocany.     Garrett,    Washington, 
Monteomery.  and  Frederick. 

Frederick  M.  Zihlman.   Rep 14.872 

Henry  D.    Etchison.    Dem 11,469 

S.  L.   V.    Young,    Soc 708 


Legislature.  Senate. Hou^e.  J.B. 

Republicans   11  44  55 

Democrats    16  56  72 

People's 2  2 

State  Officers. 

Governor — Albert  C.   Ri'chie.   Dem. 
Secretary — Thomas  W.   Simmons. 
Treasurer— William  P.  Jackson. 
Comptroller— E.  Brook  Lee,  Dem. 
Attorney-General — Alexander  Armstrong,  Rep. 

MASSACHUSETTS    (Pop.,  1917,  3,775,973). 

Counties. 

Population        (14) 

27542  Barnstable 
112260  Berkshire  . 
367147  Bristol   .... 
4504  Dukes 


:h  s. 

2836 
9787 
22578 
464 

404469   Essex   35909 

45345  Franklin    4353 

273076  Hampden    18207 

66618  Hampshire    ...      5748 

745992  Middlesex  60802 

2962  Nantucket   ....        249 

196601   Norfolk 19284 

166492  Plymouth  13515 

836119  Suffolk 42192 

438124  Worcester    32541 

Absent  voters  19 


Presid3.nl  1916 % 

Rep.    Dem.   Soc. 

1892 
8357 
18065 
309 


484 


3054 
17028 

4202 

49844 

307 

12702 

11009 

61047 

27540 

40 


2093 

166 

761 

190 

1660 

6 

615 
1041 
1998 
1064 


Total    268784    247885    11058 

Plurality    2CC99 

Percent   50.54       46.61        2.08 

Total   vote 531817 

For  governor  in  1917  McCall.  Rep.,  received 
226,145  votes:  Mansfield.  Dem..  135.666: 
Hayes.  Soc.-Lab.._5.243;  McCarthy.  Soc..  16,- 
608;  Lawrence,  Pro..  4.265. 

For  Governor,  1919. 

Calvin   Coolidge.    Rep 317,608 

Richard  H.  Long.  Dem 193,335 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Counties  of  Berkshire.   Franklin  (part),   Hamp- 
den  (part)   and   Hampshire   (part). 

Allen  T.  Treadway.  Rep 15,953 

Thomas  F.  Cassidy,  Dem 11,394 

2.  Counties   of   Franklin    (part),    Hampden    (part) 
and  Hampshire   (part). 

Frederick  H.  Gillett,  Rep 20,277 

3.  Counties   of   Franklin   (part),   Hampden   (part), 
Hampshire  (part),  Middlesex  (part)  and  Worces- 
ter (part). 

Calvin  D.  Paige.  Rep 15,267 

Eaton  D.  Sargent,  Dem 9,982 

4.  Counties  of    Middlesex    (part)    and    Worcester 
(part). 

Samuel  E.  Winslow,   Rep 14,141 

John  F.  McGrath,  Dem 12,792 

5.  Counties  of  Essex  (part),  Middlesex  (part)  and 
Worcester   (part). 

John  J.  Rogers,  Rep 20,496 

6.  County    of    Essex-    (part). 

Wilfred  W.  Lufkin.  Rep 21,147 

Estus  E.  Eames.   Soc 2,648 

7    County   of    Essex    (part). 

Charles  C.  Johnson,  Rep 16.754 

Michael  F.  Phelan.  Dem 14,437 

8.  County  of  Middlesex  (part). 

Frederick  W.  Dallingpr.  Rep 16,234 

James  F.  Aylward,  Dim 11,717 

9.  Counties  of  Middlesex  (oart)  and  Suffolk  (partK 

Alvan  T.  Fuller.  Rep 17,597 

Henry  C.   Rowland,  Dem 8,022 

10.  Wards  1,  2.  3,  4.  5,  6.  7.  S.  9  and  11  (precincts 
1   and   2^   of   Boston,   in   Suffolk  county. 

John  F.   Fitzgerald.  Dem 7,241 

Peter  F.  Tague,  Tnd 7,003 

H.  T.  Fletcher.   Rep 1,071 

11.  Wards  10.  11  (precincts  3,  4,  5,  6.  7,  8,  9),  12. 
18.   19.    21.   22.   23  of   B^'on,    in   Suffolk  county. 

George  H.   Tinkham.   Rep 13.644 

Francis  J.  Horgan,  Dem 10,529 


320 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


12.  Wards  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  20  and  24  of  Boston, 
In  Suffolk  county. 

James  A.  Gallivan,  Dem 18.349 

Harrison  H.  Atwood,  Rep 7,709 

13.  Counties  of  Middlesex   (part),   Norfolk  (part), 
Suffolk    (ward    25    in    Boston)    and    Worcester 
(part). 

Robert  Luce,  Rep 18.257 

Aloysius  J.  Doon,  Dem 12,538 

14.  Counties    of    Bristol    (part),    Norfo'k    rpart), 
Plymouth   (part)    and  Suffolk   (ward  26  in  Bos- 
ton). 

Richard  Olney  II.,  Dem 18,009 

Louis  P.  R.  Langelier,  Rep 13,832 

15.  Counties     of     Bristol     (part)     and     Plymouth 
(part). 

William  S.  Greene,  Rep 12,952 

Arthur  J.  B.  Cartier,  Dem 8,031 

16.  Counties  of  Barnstable.  Bristol  (part).  Dukes. 
Nantucket.  Norfolk  (part)  and  Plymouth  (part). 

Joseph  Walsh.  Rep 13.874 

Frederick  Tudor,  Dem 8,357 

Legislature.  Senate.House.  J  B. 

Republicans  30        181         211 

Democrats  10         59          69 

State  Officers. 

Governor— Alvin  Coolidge.  Rep. 
Lieutenant-Governor— Charming-  H.  Cox,  Rep. 
Secretary  of  State — Albert  P.  Langtry,  Rep. 
Treasurer   and  Receiver-General—Fred  J.   Bur- 

rell.   Rep. 

Auditor — Alonzo  B.  Cook.  Rep. 
Attorney-General— J.  Weston  Allen,  Rep. 

MICHIGAN   (Population,  1917,  3,094,266). 

Counties.  / Presidsnt  1916 » 

population      (83)  Rep.         Dem.       Soc. 

in  1917.  HughM.  \>i,i>un          B.usou 

6711  Alcona  573  453  38 

8995  Alger  687  650  65 

40555  Allegan  4803  3591  223 

21213  Alpena  2020  1392  61 

15692  Antrim  1336  932  150 

9640  Arenac  911  938  59 

7447  Baraga  748  462  88 

22791  Barry 3157  2491  112 

72515  Bay  6708  5996  317 

11333  Benzie 900  770  159 

56874  Bernen  7511  6054  231 

S5605  Branch.  3100  3062  93 

61984  Calhoun  6484  8037  648 

20624  Cass  2518  2666  142 

22954  Charlevoix  ....  1877  1152  307 

19592  Cheboygan  ...  1576  1389  89 

26759  Chippewa  2365  1768  140 

9883  Clare 1049  769  76 

23129  Clmton  3381  2094  39 

4656  Crawford  409  450  19 

34653  Delta  3088  1781  244 

22448  Dickinson  2393  1291  213 

30499  Eaton  3802  3461  107 

20749  Emmet  1724  1363  290 

81163  Genesee  9353  9311  416 

9762  Gladwin  935  729  62 

28147  Gogebic  2204  1540  123 

26197  Grand  Traverse  1917  1848  331 

28820  Graitiot  3434  2960  60 

29673  Hill5cl?!e  3463  3424  43 

104181  Houghton  ....  8013  4615  273 

35192  Huron  4743  1816  74 

63157  Ingham  7846  7664  623 

33550  Ionia  3950  3911  139 

9753  losco 984  729  24 

19669  Iron  2139  877  125 

23207  Isabella 2700  2143  73 

57225  Jackson  6938  8058  203 

72191  Kalamazoo  ...  5951  7164  794 

8800  Ealkaska  724  430  80 

180626  Kent 16095  20364  939 

10031  Keweenaw  ...  860  194  21 

4939  Lake  588  347  29 

26033  Lapeer  3345  1937  23 

10644  Leelanau  984  763  56 

47907  Lenawee  6247  5519  78 


Population. 

17736 

4748 
10377 
32606 
26688 
50753 
23981 
19466 
25648 
14005 
11551 
33035 
32069 

4135 
43161 
20348 
53066 
19645 

9740 
10439 
17011 

2434 

6826 
49412 
13021 

2627 
95179 
33930 

9258 
33246 
52341 
26674 
34913 
33185 
44714 
665025 
23631 


Livingston    . , 

Luce    

Mackinac    .... 

Macomb    

Manistee  .... 
Marquette  ... 

Mason    

Mecosta    

Menominee  . . 

Midland    

Missaukee   ... 

Monroe    

Montcalm  . . . 
Montrnorency 
Muskegon  ..., 
Newaygo 

Oakland  

Oceana    

Og-emaw    

Ontonagron    . . 

Osceola   

Oscoda    

Otsego    

Ottawa   

Presque  Isle. 
Roscommon 

Saginaw    . 

Sanilac    

Schoolcraft  . 
Shiawassee  . . 

St.  Clair  

St.  Joseph  ... 

Ttiscola    

Van  Buren  . , 
Washtenaw  . 

Wayne  

Wexf  ord  


527 
1082 


5263 
2198 
2455 
2671 
2104 
1160 
3787 
3894 

396 
5692 
2417 
7730 
1957 

878 
2193 
1235 

245 


1407 
311 
9544 
4639 
994 
3926 
6538 
3132 
4461 
4302 


2333 


. 

2297 

257 

908 

3108 

2177 

2625 

1689 

1478 

1854 

1454 

917 

4202 

2801 

272 

4465 

1625 

6659 

1387 

743 

1285 

888 

175 


8434 
1867 
623 
3308 
4617 
3567 
2329 
3225 
5279 
60935 
1683 


3] 

42 

331 

175 

255 

117 

60 

26 

47 

108 

54 

601 

292 

170 

42 

18 

122 

5 

9 

244 

60 

24 

312 

38 

45 

180 

129 

191 

52 

167 

136 

3204 

115 


283993  16012 


Total  337955 

Plurality  5395J 

Per  cent   

Total  vote 646873 

For  president  in  1916  Reimer,  Soc  -Lab     re- 
ceived 831   and  Hanly.  Pro.,   8.085   votes. 
For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Truman  HNewberry,  Rep 220.054 

Henry    Ford,    Dem 21*487 

Edward  O.  Foss,   Soc... 

William  J.  Faull,  Pro '..'.'.'.'.'.'.    1.133 

For  Governor,  1918. 
Albert  E.   Sleeper.   Rep...  266  7S8 

John  W.  Bailey,  Dem.. 

Ernest  J.  Moore,   Soc '    J'QKS 

John   S.   McColl.  Pro 

Paul  O.  Hinds,   Soc.-Lab ...I'.!!!'.!'.      *790 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Wayne    county    (part). 

Frank  E.  Doremus,  Dem 22549 

James  W.   Hanley,   Rep w'ofil 

Nathan  N.  Welch,  Soc... ....!!;..!!."*.;'.;::     752 

2.  Jackson,    Washtenaw,    Wayne  (part), ' Lenawee 
and   Monroe   counties. 

Earl  C.   Michener.   Rep 20831 

Samuel  W.    Beskes.    Dem le'^TG 

Milton  V.  Breitmeyer.   Soc *247 

Ernest  J.  Moore,   Soc.-Lab 39 

3.  Branch,    Calhoun,   Eaton,   Hillsdale   and  Kala- 
mazoo  counties. 

John  M.   C.   Smith.  Rep 15.418 

Howard  W.   C.-n-nnaph.   Dem 8891 

Will  H.  Ressequie,  Soc 281 

4.  Allegan,  Barry,  Berrien,  Cass,  St.  Joseph  and 
Van   Buren    counties. 

Edward  L.  Hamilton.  Rep 20.904 

James  O'Hara,   Dem 10,842 

5.  Kent  and  Ottawa  counties. 

Carl  E.  Mapes.  Rep 22.917 

Peter  J.  Danhoff.  Dem 10.783 

George  W.  Eldridge,  Soc 585 

6.  Genesee.     Inghara.     Livingston,     Oakland     and 
Wayne   (part^  counties. 

Patrick  H.    Kelley,   Rep 29.183 

Oscar  Sand.  Soc 801 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


321 


7.  Huron,     Lapeer,     Macomb,     Sanilac,     St.    Clair 
and    Tuscola    counties. 

Louis  C.    Crampton,   Rep 20.573 

John  W.  Scully.  Dem 7.155 

John  Dubel,   Soc 344 

8.  Clinton.     Gratiot,     Ionia,     Montcalm,    Saginaw 
and   Sliiawassee    counties. 

Joseph  W.  Fordney,   Rep 22,240 

Miles  J.   Purcell.    Dem 13,153 

9.  Benzie,  Grand  Traverse,  Lake,  Leelannu,  Man- 
istee.    Mason,    Missaukee,   Muskegon,    Newaygo, 
Oceana   and   Wexford  counties. 

James  C.   McLaughlin,   Rep 17,624 

Charles  M.  Black.  Dem 8.317 

Edward   Genia,    Soc 604 

10.  Alcona,   Arenac.    Bay,   Clare,  Crawford.    Glad- 
win,    losco,    Isabella,    Mecosta,    Midland,    Oge- 
maw,    Osceola,    Oscoda    and   Roscommon    coun- 
ties. 

Gilbert  A.  Currie.  Rep 18,409 

Henry  C.  Haller,  Dem 8.312 

George  A.  Alpin 362 

11.  Alger,    Alpena,    Antrim,    Charlevoix,    Cheboy- 
gan,     Chippewa,     Delta,      Emmett,     Kalkaska, 
Luce,      Mackinac,      Menominee,     Montmorency, 
Otseeo,    Presque   Isle  and  Schoolcraft  counties. 

Frank  D.   Scott,   Rep 16.365 

Michael  J.  Doyle.  Dem 8.183 

12.  Baraga,    Dickinson.    Gogebic,    Houghton.    Iron, 
Keweenaw,  Marquette  and  Ontonagon  counties. 

W.  Frank  James.  Rep 17,315 

Albert  S.  Ley,   Dem 6.681 

John   Kuskila.    Soc 804 

13.  Wayne  county  (part). 

Charles  A.  Nichols,  Rep 24,525 

Louis  W.  McLear,  Dem 11,617 

Maurice  Sugar,  Soc 516 

Legislature.  Senate.House.J.B. 

Republicans    32          98         130 

Democrats  022 

State  Officers. 

Governor— Albert  E.  Sleeper,  Rep. 

Lieutenant-Governor — L.  D.   Dickinson,    R<ep. 

Treasurer— Frank  E.  Gorman,  Rep. 

Secretary  of  State — Coleman  C.  Vaughan,  Rep. 

Attorney-General—Alexander  J.  Groesbeck,  Rep. 

Auditor-General— Oramel  B.  Fuller.   Rep. 

MINNESOTA    (Population,   1917,   2,312,445). 

Counties.  ,-^President  1916 x 

Population        (86) 


13019  Aitkin  1122 

13354  Anoka  1262 

20994  Becker  1761 

27341  Beltrami  1831 

12857  Benton  1020 

9830  Big  Stone  810 

29337  Blue  Earth  ....  2864 

20387  Brown  2078 

23065  Carlton  1096 

17455  Carver  1950 

14425  Cass  982 

14158  Chippewa  1311 

13747  Chisago  1749 

20881  Clay  1549 

9713  Clearwater    493 

1719  Cook  125 

13076  Cottonwood  ...  1425 

18766  Crow  Wing1  ....  1715 

27681  Dakota  1881 

12094  Dodge  1260 

17669  Douglas  1709 

19949  Faribault  2184 

25680  Fillmore  2950 

22606  Freeborn  2418 

32001  Goodhue  3471 

9244  Grant  878 

410227  Hennepln 27957 

14297  Houston  1783 

12204  Hubbard  685 

13300  Isanti  1123 

27338  Itasca  1163 

14491  Jackson  1503 

7809  Kanabeo  776 


Dem. 

Wilson. 

877 

1171 

1453 

1913 

945 

869 

2211 

1101 

1115 

9«0 

1260 

1134 

944 

1716 

544 

162 

763 

1568 

2373 

895 

1398 

•  1123 

1315 

1347 

1875 

778 

36395 

744 

799 

935 

1504 

1272 

608 


181 

716 

81 

77 

95 

252 

425 

34 

281 

261 

130 

104 

158 

63 

116 

445 


176 

76 

92 

106 

122 

66 

3302 

23 

171 

217 

429 

75 

174 


Population 

19373 
10967 
10217 
16271 
10462 
18609 
10536 
16546 
18691 
3249 
16805 
17943 
17022 
13630 
24901 
22S61 
11755 
14125 
15412 
13446 
32497 
46519 
10983 


(rhe«. 

1612 

709 

474 

1614 

401 

1430 

777 

1389 

1772 

262 

1461 

1741 

1780 

1127 

1887 

2520 

1137 

128 

141 

104 


Kandiyohi    . 

Kittson     

Koochiching-   . 
Lac   qui   Parle 

Lake  

Le   Sueur  

Lincoln 

Lyon   . . 

McLeod 

Myhnomen 

Marshall 

Martin 

Meeker 

Mille  Lacs 

Morrison    , 

Mower  . . . 

Murray   . . 

Nicollat 

Nobles 

Norman 

Olmsted 

Otter  Tail 

Pennine-ton 

Pine    

Pipestone  . 

Polk    

Pope   

Ramsey 

Red    Lake 

Redwood 

Renville 

Rice  . . . 

Rock    .. 

Roseau 

St.   Louis 

Scott 

Sherburne 

Sibley 

§  teams 
teele 
Stevens 
Swift 
Todd  ... 
Traverse 
Wabasha 
Wadena 
Waseca 
Washing-ton 
Watonwan 
Wilk'n 
Winona 
Wright 
Yellow  Medicine 


36419 

12869 

262450 

7689 
19274 
23123 
25911 
10626 
14509 
221920 
14888 

8759 
15540 
50119 
16146 

8293 
12949 
24277 

8395 
18554 

9185 
13466 
26013 
11383 

9780 
33398 
28082- 
15991 


Per  cent    46.35      46.24      5.19 

Total    vote 387378 

For  president  in  1912  Taft,  Rep.,  received 
64.334  votes;  Wilson,  Dem..  106.426-  Roose- 
velt, Prog..  125.856;  Debs,  Soc  27  505 • 
Chafin,  Pro..  7.886;  Reimer,  Soc.-Lab  2  212* 
For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
7,793  votes,  Reimer.  Soc,-Lab.t  468  and 
Meier,  Pro.  (elector),  290. 

For  Governor,  1918. 

Joseph  A.  A.   Burnquist,   Rep M 166.515 

rred  E.  Wheaton,   Dem 75  79? 

Olaf  O.   Stageberg,   National...  '    6*648 

L.  P.  Berot.  Soc mm"    7)794 

David  H.  Evans,  Farmer-Labor .  ...!!lll,948 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Knute  Nelson,  Rep 206555 

Willis  G.   Calderwood,  National '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.Itf'.ZU 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
1.  Counties  of  Dodge,  Fillmcre.  Freeborn.   Hous- 
ton, Mower,  Olmsted,  Steele,  Wabasha.  Waseca 
and  Winona. 

Sydney  Anderson,  Rep 29,337 

2.  Counties  of  Blue  Earth.  Brown.  Cottonwood. 
F.irihault.  Jackson.  Lincoln,  Martin,  Murray, 
Nobles.  Pipestone,  Redwood,  Rock  and  Waton- 
wan. 


323 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Franklin    F.    Ellsworth,    Rep 24, 

Frank   Simon,   Dem 11,161 

3.  Counties     of     Carver.     Dakota,     Goodhue.     Le 
Sueur.    McLeod,     Nicollet.     Rice.     Scott.     Sibluy 
and   Washington. 

Charles  R.   Davis.   Rep 20,092 

John  J.   Farrell.   Dem 17,530 

4.  County  of  Ramsey. 

Carl  C.  Van  Dyke,  Dem 18,736 

Walter  Mallory,  Rep 11.498 

5.  First,    2d,    eth,    Cth,    7th,    8th.    llth,    12th   and 
13th  wards  of  the  city  of  Minneapolis  and  the 
township    of    St.     Anthony,     ail     in    Hennepin 
county. 

Walter  H.  Newton,   Rep 21,607 

W.   C.  Robertson.   Dem 15,912 

6.  Counties   cf   Aitkin,    Bentou,    Boltrami,    Cass. 
Crow     Wing,     Hubbarcl.     Morrison,     Sherburne, 
Stearns,  Todd  and  Wadena. 

Harold  Knutson,  Rep 22,633 

P.  J.   Russell.  Dem 8.660 

7.  Counties    of    Big    Stone.    Chippevva,    Douglas. 
Grant,  Kandiyohi,  Lac  qui  Parle,  Lyon,  Meeker. 
Pope,    Renville,    Stevens,    Swift,    Traverse   and 
Yellow  Medicine. 

Andrew  J.  Volstead,  Rep 21,406 

B.  E.  Lobeck,  National 16.587 

8.  Counties   of   Carlton,    Cock,    Itasca,    Koochioh- 
ing,   Lake  and  St.   Louis. 

W.  L.   Carss,   Ind 17,266 

Clarence  B.  Miller,  Rep 12,964 

9.  Counties  of  Becker,  Clay,  Clearwater,  Kittson, 
Mahnomen,  Marshall,   Norman,  Otter  Tail,   Pen- 
niugton.  Polk,  Red  Lake.  Roseau  and  Wilkin. 
Halvor  Steenerson,    Rep 26,303 

10.  Counties  of  Anoka.   Chisago,  Isanti.   Kanabec. 
Mille  Lacs,  Pine,  Wright  and  Hennepin  (except 
township  of  St.  Anthony)  and  3d,  4th  and  10th 
wards  of  Minneapolis. 

Thomas  D.  Schall,  Rep 25,866 

Henry  A.   Finlayson,  Dem 10,534 

Legislature 
There  are  no  party  divisions.     Under  the  law 

every  legislator  is  elected   as  a  nonpartisan. 
State  Officers. 

Governor— J.   A.    A.    Burnquist.    Ren. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Thomas    Frankson,    Rep. 

Secretary  of  State— Julius  A.  Schmahl,  Rep. 

Auditor— Jacob  A.    O.  Preus.    Rep. 

Treasurer — Henry  Rines.    Rep. 

Attorney-General—Clifford  L.  Hilton,  Rep. 


MISSISSIPPI    (Population, 

Counties. 
*«'      (82) 

25265  Adams   

20474  Alcorn    

24592  Amite    

S0751  Attala    

10245  Bcnton 

58744  Bolivar   (no  election) 

18613  Calhoun    

23886  Carroll   

25002  Ch  ckasaw   

15322  Choctaw    

17403  Claiborne    

24469  Clarke 

20671  Clay    

40000  Coahoma    

37023  Copiah   

21135  Covintrton    

23130  De  Soto 

2SO'U  Forrest  

16298  Franklin   

7420  George    

6303  Grsene     

16906  Grenada  

11207  Hancock    

37096  Harrison   

71S65   Hinds  

40738  Holmes   

Humphreys   

10676   Issaquena     

15243   Itawamba    

17374  Jackson    

20762  Jasper  


1917,  1,976,570). 

^President  1910^ 
Dem.  Rep.   Soc. 

Wi'.son.  liughea.   Be:.J 

42  1 

125  13 

16  6 
110 


671 
1452 

1267 

1,607 

718 

1225 

9-13 

1215 

873 
435 

1093 
832 
697 

14C6 
8C6 
861 

1K:6 

7C9 

341 

399 

649 

512 

1395 

2220 

1070 


47 

53 

5 

49 
27 
21 
20 
63 
12 
54 
22 

I! 

28 
68 
197 
97 
21 


25 


94  8  2 

1407  184  1 

743  87  22 

1040  38  37 


Population 
28221 

16074 
38073 
20348 
21883 
15748 


Wilson. 

Jefferson  456 

Jefferoon  Davis  634 

Jones  1664 

Kcmper  9^9 

Lafayette  1370 

Lamar  

uderdale    

wrencs    

ake    .. 


1877 
34243 
15922 
26796 
38070 
18559 
21816 

2551 
28503 
19676 
37917 
14208 
10395 
29372 
20719 
17765 
16087 
26124 
18479 
18260 
20413 
19191 

7531 

8058 


3058 
725 
1434 
16G3 

e  Flore    853 

incoln    12G2 

Lowndes    1028 

Madison  782 

Marion    792 

Marshall    1017 

Monroa     1684 

Montgomery     997 

Ncshoba    1459 

Newton    1341 

Noxubee     656 

Oktibbeha    911 

Panola    1262 

Pearl   River    521 

Perry    395 

Pike   1451 

Pontotoc    Iol4 

Prcntiss    1342 

Quitman    272 

Rankin    1104 

Scott   1106 

Sharkey    246 

Simpson    966 

Smith    1271 

Stone   451 

Sunflower    879 

Tallahatch'e    10<31 

^ate    1074 

ippah    1547 

ishomingo     1031 

Tunica     173 

Union    1666 

Walthall    665 

Warren   1204 

Washington    836 

Wayne    787 

Webster  9-14 

Wilkinson    460 

Winston    1152 

Yalobusha  1175 

Yazoo    1146 


n 


Total    80422    4253    1469 

Plurality    70169 

Percent   92.82     4.91      1.70 

Total  vote    86612 

For   president   in   1916   the   progressives   re- 
ceived 498  votes. 

For   Representatives   in   Congress,    1918. 

1.  The  counties  of  Alcorn.  Itawamba.  Lee.  Lown- 
des, Monroe,  Oktibbeha.  Prenti&s,  Noxubee  and 
Tishomiuso. 

E.  S.  Gaudier,  Dem 4,037 

2.  The   counties  of  Benton.    De  Soto.   Lafayette 
Marshall,    Panola,    Tallahatchie,    Tate,    lipu^lj 
and   Union. 

H.   D.  Stephens.  Dem 4,270 

3.  The  counties  of  Bolivar,    Coahoma.    Issaquena, 
Le  Flore.  Quitman,  Sharkey,  Sunflower.  Tunica 
Holmes   and   Washington. 

B.  G.  Humphreys,  Dem 2,339 

4.  The   counties   of  Calhoun.   Carroll,    Chickosaw. 
Choctaw,    Clay,    Grenada,    Montgomery,    Ponto- 
toc.  We^strr,   Yalobusha  and  Attala. 

T.    U.    Sisson.    Dem 4,135 

J.  G.  Adams,  Soc 160 

5.  The  counties  of  Winston.   Clarke.  Jasper,  Lau- 
derdile,  Leake,   Neshoba,  Newton,  Scott,  Smith 
nnd   Kemner. 

W.  W.  Venable.  Dem 6,174 

6.  The    counties    of    Co"ington,    Forrest,    Grorge, 
Grrene,    Hancock,     Harrison,    Jefferson    Davis, 
Jackson,      Jonps,      Lawrence,      Man'on,      Perry, 
Wayne,   Simpson,   P'one  and  Pearl  River. 

B.   P.   Harrison.   Dem 5,029 

F.  T.  Maxwell.  Soc 246 

7.  The   counties   of   Claiborne,    Gooiah.    Franklin. 


A.LMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Jefferson,    Lincoln.    Adams,    Pike,    Amite    and 
Wilkinson. 
Percy  E    Quin    Dem                                      3  092 

Population 

Wilton.          HughM.        Beaxoa 
1042        1733           28 
1395        1862          88 
1874        1330          48 
1675        1748          36 
3738          742          85 

2715        2039          99 
2158        2929       249 
3874        3540          41 
1799          660          83 
1383        1769          24 

2447        2076          95 
4665        4319       252 
1887        1487          3O 
3344        2322          25 
2974          921           11 
2149        2613          6» 
1339        1003          40 
1035       2106         69 
1994          826            9 
5080       2111          46 

1325        1053        105 
1924       3518          36 
1881        1718        114 
3675        3015        157 
1218        1137          14 
7587      12485        451 
74053     83798     3482 
4503        2966          24 
1341          995          15 
1592        1243          61 
2816        2285       203 
1212          788        141 
2550        1195          21 
3274        2482       314 
622        1525        118 
2446        2420         40 
678       1123         34 
2290        1809          80 
3779       2211        195 
487        1762          41 
1394        1657          24 
1594        1528          91 

1593       2176         77 

J97908  369339  14608 
28659 
50.64      47.01       1.88 
785736 
Hanly.  Pro.,  received 

Wilson.    Dem.,    received 
)..     207.821;     Roostvelt. 
ro.,    5,380;   Debs,    Soc., 
1.778. 
Senator,  1918. 
302.680 

17833  Miller    

J.  B.   Sterngerger,  -Soc  220 

16540  Mississippi    

6.  The     counties    of     Warreu,     Yazoo,     Madisou, 
Hir.ds  and    Rankin. 
J.  W.  Collier,  Dem  2.376 

14375  Mon;teau    
18304  Monroe   

15604  Montgomery   .  .  . 
13365  Mlorgan          

W.  T.  Roberts,  Soc  t  29 

Legislature. 
The  members  of   the   legislature   are   demo- 
crats. 
State  Officers.      (All  democrats.) 

25478  New  Madrid   ... 
27234  Newton 

28833  Nodaway 

14420  Osage    

11926  Ozark    

Lieutenant-Governor—  H.   H.  Casteel. 
Secretary  —  J.  W.  Power. 
Treasurer—  L.  S.  Rodgers. 
Attorney-General—Frank  Roberson. 

MISSOURI    (Population,  1917,  3,429,595). 

Counties.                  /  President  1916  , 
p.jmi»t,on      (114=)                      Dem.        Rep.       Soc. 

Snlsil,-.                                                           V.i.-u.           hu..,.j.         fcenjwn 

23407  Adair                         2275       2681        243 

24992  Pemiscot    

14898  Perry    .         .... 

34988   Pettis 

16964  Phelps 

22556  Pike    .  . 

14429  Platte    
21561  Polk    

12199  Pulaski    

14308  Putnam 

13368  Rails    

E7451  Randolph   .  , 

15"82  Anorew                      1853       2087          16 

4151  Ray    

13004  Atchison                    1697        1626          27 

10637  Reynolds    

22069  Audrain                     3572        1741  "      26 

13099  Ripley    

23869  Barry                          2752        2683        148 

24854  St.  Charles  
16412  St.  Clair  

16747  Barton                       2217        1597        153 

25869  Bates                         3255       2597        129 

44467  St.  Francois   ... 
10857  Ste.  Genevieve  . 
106049  St.  Louis   
768630  St.  Louis  City.. 

14881  Benton                       1285        1842          26 

14576  Bellinger                   1538        1624          69 

31911  Boone    6601        2180          30 

101331  Buchanan     10973        7761        279 
23435  Butler    2135       2717        173 
14G05  Caldwell     1683        2069 

9062  Schuyler     
11869  Scotland    
29145  Scott    

24400  Callaway    3882        2009          16 
11582  Camden    930        1261          41 
30033  Cape    Girardeau     2993        3753          75 
23098  Carroll    2822        2978          43 
5504  Carter     586          469          66 

11585  Shannon    
14864  Shelby    
30097  Stoddard 

12775  Stone 

22973  Cass    3337        2104          60 

9134  Taney     ..., 

23503  Chariton     3135        2183          22 

21458  Texas    
28827  Vcrnon 

15832  Christian        .    ..        938        1978        141 

9123  Warren     
13378  Washington    ... 

12811   Clark                  ..      1692        1782          28 

21323  Clay   ,      3902        1307          37 

15297  Clinton    2153        1551          18 

17914*  Webster    

20311  Cooper   2537        2830          19 

8007  Worth     
18895  Wright 

14025  Crawford   1312        1642          47 

Total 

15613  Dade    1618        1941          54 

13181   Dallas     1022        1428          46 

Plural1  tv 

17605  Daviees    2375        2342           12 

Per  cent   

13432  Dent    .                         1457        1252          66 

Total  vote  , 
For  president  in  1916 
3.881  votes. 
For   president   in   1912   ^ 
330,746    votes;     Taft.     Re] 
Prog.,    124,371;    Chafln,    P 
28,466:  Reimer,  Soc.  -Lab., 
For   United  States 
Selden  P.  Spencer,  Rep 

16664  Douglas     .                    737        1730        164 

36621  Durkiin     ..       .     3723        1924       375 

29830  Franklin                     2408        4325          94 

13247  Gasconade     510        2513          19 
16«'70   Gentry                         2404        1823          33 

71946  Greene    .                   7179        7534        540 

16744   Grundy     1789        2401           46 
20466  Harrison    .                2205        2741          62 

5741   Hickory 
^.539  Holt 


..  1615 

15653  Howard    2866 

21065  Howell     1861 

8563  Iron    1027 

347997  Jackson    44556 

93799  Jasper 10513 

29458  Jefferson  3021 

26297  Johnson    3701 

12403  Knox    1657 

17976  Laclede  1755 

30154  Lafayette 4073 

26583  Lawrence    2809 

15514  Lewis    2357 

17033  Lincoln  2468 

25253  Linn    3447 

19453  Livingston     ....  2609 

13539  McDonald    1631 

30868  Macon    3805 

12218  Madison    1310 

10432  Maries    1319 

23666  Marion    „  4534 


2030 
1121 
2132 


9358 
3310 
2966 
1460 
1877 
4049 
3229 
1429 
1642 
2801 
2424 
1414 
2034 
1230 
725 
2759 


1095 
911 


1? 

93 

260 
24 
11 
81 
39 
93 

162 
21 
20 
52 


,Joseph    W.    Folk,    Dem 267.397 

Caleb  Lipscomb.   Soc 6,725 

W.  W.  Cox.  Soc.-Lab 804 

For  Representatives  in  Congress.  1918. 

1.  The    counties   of   Adair.    Clark.    Knox.    Lewis. 
Macon.    Marion.    Putnam.    Schuyler.    Scotland. 
Shelby. 

M.  A.  Rpmjue,  Dem 17,184 

F.   C.    Millspaugh,    Rep 14.255 

Edward   H.   Willey,   Soc 272 

2.  Ihe    counties    of    Carroll,     Chariton,     Grundy, 
Linn,  Livingston.  Monroe.  Randolph.  Sullivan. 

W.  W.  Rucker.  Dem 19,769 

George  H.   Cox,    Soc 179 

3.  The   counties  of  Caldwell,   Clay,   Clinton,    Da- 
vioss,  DeKalb.  Gentry,  Harrison.  Mercer.  Ray. 
Worth. 

J.  W.  Alexander.  Dem ........ .15.810 

John  E.   Frost,    Rep 14.117 

William   Garrett.    Soc 55 

4.  The  counties  of  Andrew,   Atchison,  Buchanan, 
Holt.   Nodaway.    Platte. 

C.  F.   Booher.   Dem 16.701 


324 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


J.  C.   McNeeley.  Rep 14.597 

Joseph  Kunzelman.   Soc 94 

5.  Jackson  county. 

W.  T.  Bland.  Dem 31.561 

A.  L.   Reeves.   Rep 18.540 

W.   J.  Adams.    Soc 227 

6.  The    counties    of    Bates.    Cass.    Cedar,    Dade. 
Henry.  Johnson.  St.  Cluir. 

Clement   C.   Dickinson.   Dem 14.898 

William  O.   Atkeson.    Rep 13.188 

Louis    Schneider.    Soc 177 

7.  The  counties  of  Benton,  Greene,  Hickory.  How- 
ard.   Lafayette.    Pettis.    Polk.    Saline. 

Sam  C.  Majors,  Dem 20.300 

James  D.   Salts,   Rep 20.222 

J.   H.   Allison.   Soc 281 

8.  The  counties  of  Boone,  Camden,   Cole,   Cooper. 
Miller.   Moniteau.   Morgan.   Osage. 

W.  L.  Nelson.  Dem 13.326 

North  T.    Gentry.   Rep 13.133 

9.  The  counties  of  Audrain.   Callaway.    Franklin. 
Gasconade.    Lincoln.    Montgomery.    Pike.    Rails. 
St.  Charles.  Warren. 

Champ  Clark.    Dem 18.248 

B.  H.  Dyer.  Rep 16.719 

Henry  Schumaker,  Soc 341 

10.  The  county  of  St.  Louis  and  the  1st.  7th.-  8th, 
9th.   10th.   lltfi.   12th.    19th.   24th.   27th   (precinct 
11).  28th  wards  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis. 

For  long  term — 

Harlow  B.  Reed.  Dem 30.080 

Cleveland  A.  Newton.  Rep 50,400 

W.   M.  Brandt.   Soc 2.981 

Ernest   Snavely,    Soc. -Lab 289 

For  short  term- 
Fred  Essen.   Rep 49.416 

Harlow  E.  Reed.  Dem 30,536 

11.  The  2d.   3d.    16th.   17th.  18th.   20th.   21st.   26th. 
27th   (except  precinct  11)  wards  of  the  city   of 
St.  Louis. 

W.  L.   Igoe,  Dem 16.229 

W.   O.   Long.   Soc 631 

13.  The  4th.  5th.  6th.  7th  (only  precinct  12).  12th 
Corny  precincts  11  and  12).  13th.  14th.  15th  (ex- 
cept precincts  2,  3  and  4>.  20th  (only  precinct 
1).  21st  (only  precincts  1  and  2>.  22(1.  231.  24th. 
26th  (only  .precincts  from  1  to  6,  inclusive),  28th 
(only  precincts  1  and  2)  wards  of  the  city  of 
St.  Louis. 

Samuel  Rosenfeld.   Dem 8,538 

L.   C.   Dyer.   Rep 12,612 

Chris  Rocker,  Soc 225 

13.  The  counties  of  Bellinger.   Carter.   Iron,   Jef- 
ferson. Madison.  Perry,  Reynolds,  St.  Francois. 
Ste.    Genevieve.   Washington.    Wayne. 

Arthur  T.  Brewster.  Dem 13.773 

Mnrion  E.  Rhode".  Rep 14.776 

William  Cunningham.   Soc 191 

14.  The     counties    of     Butler.     Cape     Girardeau. 
Christian.    Douglas.    Dunklin.    Howell.     Missis- 
sippi,   New    Madrid.    Oregon.    Ozirk.    Pemiscot. 
Ripley.  Scott.  Stoddard.  Stone.  Taney. 

Joseph  J.  Russell,  Dem 21.001 

Edwin  D.  Hayes,  Rep 21,471 

James   Campbell,    Soc 22 

15.  The  counties  of  Barrv.   Barton.  Jasper.  Law- 
rence.   McDonald. -Newton.   Vernon. 

Perl   D.    Decker.   Dem 17.826 

I.   V.   MePherson.   Rep 19.13"? 

David    Lnndes,    Soc 557 

16.  The  counties  of  Crawford.   Dallas.   Dent.   La- 
clede.  Maries.  Phelps.  Pulaski.  Shannon.  Texas. 
Webster.   Wrierht. 

Thomas  L.  Rubey,  Dem 13.490 

S.  A.  Shelton.  Rep 13.?26 

H.  M.  Fonty.  Soc 253 

Legislature.  Senate. House.  J.B. 

Democrats    26  77  103 

Republicans  8  65  73 

State  Officers. 

Governor — Frederick    D.    Gardner,    Dem. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Wallace    Crossley.    Dem. 

Secretary   of   State — John    L.    Sullivan,    Dem. 

Auditor— George   E.    Hackmann,    Rep. 

Treasurer — George    H.    Middelkamp,    Dem. 


Attorney-General— Frank    W.    McAllister     Dem. 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction— Sam 
A.  Baker.   Rep. 


1917,  472,935). 

^-President  191 6-> 
Dem.      Rep.     Soc. 

\»,.-,,n          liu  lies       UVIIBOB 

1463  1455  89 

740  506  16 

1261  857  77 

1100  584  53 

1926  1726  380 


MONTANA  (Population, 

Counties. 

Population        (44) 

7200  Beaverhead     . 

4950   Big   Horn    

7900   Blaine     

3812  Broadwater     . 

9200  Carbon     

Carter     

29063  Cascade    

17700  Chouteau     . 

13450  Custer     

31600  Dawson    

6250  Deer    Lodge    .... 

10150  Fallen    

21950  Fergus    

11800  Flathead    

16281  Gallatin     

2742  Granite     

11100  Hill     

5399  Jefferson  

22211  Lewis     and     Clark. 

8500  Lincoln     . 

6729  Madison     . 

6850  Meag-her     

2600  Mineral    

13450  Missoula     . 
11450  Musselshell     . 
12405  Park    . 

8500  Phillips    

6600   Powell     . 

4950  Prairie     

13571  Ravalli     . 

6250  Richland     

10850  Rosebud     

4950  Sanders     . 
12150  Sheridan     .... 
59574  Silver   Bow    . 

6850  Stillwater    

6250  Sweet    Grass    

10500  Teton 

5900  Toole     

4250  Valley     

Wheatland     

4950  Wibaux   

12150  Yellowstone    

Yellowstone      Park 
(part)     


Total     101104  66909  9467 

Plurality  34195 

Per    cent     56.97    37.69    5.34 

Total     vote     177480 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson,  Dem.,  re- 
ceived 27.941  votes:  Roosevelt,  Prog-..  22,456: 
Taft,  Rep.,  18,512;  Debs,  Soc..  10,885.  and 
Chafin,  Pro.,  32. 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 
Thomas   J.   Walsh.   Dem 46.160 

0.  M.  Landstrum.  Rep 40229 

Jeannette   Rankin,   Nat 26,013 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,   1918. 

1.  John   M.   Evans.    Dem 25528 

Frank  B.  Lind^rman.   Rep 22.398 

2.  Carl   W.    Riddick.   Rep 24.959 

Harry   B.    Mitchell.    Dem 22,825 

Legislature.  Senate. House.  J.B. 

Republicans     30  63  93 

Democrats    13          32          45 

State  Officers. 

Governor— Samuel   V.    Stowart.    Dem. 
Lieutenant-Governor — William  W.  McDowell,  Dem. 
Secretary   of   State— Charles   T.    Stewart,    Rep. 
Attornp^-General — S.    C.     Ford.    Rep. 
State    Treasurer — H.    L.    Hart.    Pep. 
State  Auditor— George  E.   Porter.   Rep. 
Supt.    Public    Instruction — May   Trumper,    Rep. 


6612 
2738 
2602 
2835 
4171 
1845 
5749 
2978 
3661 

812 
3242 
1124 
4337 
1186 
1672 
1482 

788 
4069 
2036 
2050 
1252 
1373 

622 
1967 
1947 
1608 
1178 
3264 
13084 
1197 

839 
2273 
1075 
2102 


3253 
1486 
1591 
2105 
1860 
1169 
3290 
2913 
2527 

574 
1709 

712 
3423 

807 
1279 
1158 

*§g§ 

1738 

1957 

999 

939 

539 

1623 

1223 

1337 

793 

1724 

6784 

1042 

•    890 

1603 

698 

1111 


758 
187 
144 
190 
109 

550 

116 

89 

428 

104 

201 

292 

67 

47 

188 

562 

274 

300 

104 

83 

22 

233 

184 

95 

151 

371 

1563 

69 

44 

292 

195 

56 


585        466        56 
4259     3281     251 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


NEBRASKA  (Population 

Counties. 

cpuUtfcm        (93) 


22403 
15943 
375 
1684 
2452 
14208 
6539 
9916 
7990 
23113 
12726 
15403 
19786 
17180 
4382 
13241 
548 


,  1917,  1,284,126) . 

—President  1916 x 

Dem.   ReP;  £°c. 

2657  2041  ^OT 

1881  1495  32 

286  143  9 

166  142  17 

246  184  13 

2005  1225  35 

591  28 


2216 
1508 
1120 

J5    1927 
1715   1727 
351    369 
1734   1091 
834    563 
1975   1737 
1628    897 
1424 
3609 
1032 
1088 
1989 
340 
1350 
2644 
24796   145 


1425 


8272 
9539 


2047  227 

612  2-3 

751  49 

1444  60 

181  16 

120* 

•2446 


WilBon. 


if5 


Population. 

I0k$99  Thurston    .... 

11042  Valley   1388 

1^738  Washington    looo 

10786  Wayne    Iu06 

12290  Weoster    1469 

2970  Wheeler   kJ70 

19096  York    2206 


Hughto,  Benson 

717  26 

840  51 

1297  76 

1208 

1191 


163 
2011 


19 
61 
59 

48 


Total    15«o27  117771  7141 

Plurality    41056 

Per  cent  5o.~t»      40.97    2.49 

Total   vote 287270 

Foi   president  in  1916  Haniy,  Pro.,  received 
2.907  votes. 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

G.  W.  Morris.   Rep 120,086* 

John  H.  Morehead.  Dem 99.690 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Counties   of   Cass.   Johnson.   Lancaster.   Ne- 
maha. Otoe,  Pawnee  and  Richardson. 

C.   F.    Reavis.    Rep 18.( 

Frank  A.  Peterson,   Dem 10,1 

2.  Counties  oi  Douglas,  barpy  and  Washing! 
A.  W.  Jefferies.  Rep la.J 

C.  O.  Lobeck.  Dem 12.} 

3.  Counties    of    Antelope,    Boone.    Burt,    Cedar. 
Coif  ax,  Cuming.  Dakota.  Dixon.  Dodge,  Knox, 
Madison.  Merrick.  Nance.  Pierce,  Platte,  Stan- 
ton.  Thurston  and  Wayne. 

R.  E.  Evans.  Rep 22,654 

D.  V.   Stephens.   Dem 20.903 

4.  Counties  of  Butler.  Fillmore.   Gage,   Hamil- 
ton. Jefferson,  Polk.  Saline,  tsaunders.  Seward. 
Thayer  and  York. 

M.  O.  McLauphlin,  Rep 21.041 

W.  H.  Smith."  Dem.... 14.763 

5.  Counties    of    Adams.    Chase.    Clay.    Dundy. 
Franklin.     Frontier.     Furnas,     Gosper.     Hall. 
'Harlan.  Hayes,  Hitchcock.  Kearney.  Nuckolls. 
Perkins,  Phelps.  Red  Willow  and  Webster. 

W.  E.  Andrews.   Rep 17,819 

A.  C.  Shallenberger.  Dem 17.268 

6.  Counties    of    Arthur.    Banner.    Biaine.    Box 
Butte,      Boyd,      Brown,      Buffalo.      Cheyenne. 
Cherry.  Custer.    Dawes.   Dawson.   Deuel.    Gar- 
den,   Garfi:ld.    Grant.    Greeley.    Holt.    Hooper. 
Howard.  Keith.  Keyapaha,  Kimball,  Lincoln, 
Logan,     Loup,     McPherson,     .Morrill.     Rock. 
Scotts     Bluff.      Sheridan.      Sherman.     Sioux* 
Thomas.   Valley   and  Wheeler. 

Moses  P.  Kinkaid,  Rep 28,563 

C.  W.  Pool.  Dem 17.820 

Legislature  (1916).  Senate.  House.  J.  B. 

Democrats 23          60          83 

Republicans  10  40  6a 

State  Officers. 

Governor— S.  R.  McKelvie.  Rep. 

Lieutenant-Governor — P.  A.  Barrows,  Rep. 

Secretary— D.  M.  Amsbery.  Rep. 

Auditor— G.  W.  Marsh,  Rep. 

Treasurer— Dan  B.  Cropsey.  Rep.    . 

Attorney-General—Clarence  A.  Davis,  Rep. 

NEVADA    (Population,  1917,  110,738). 

Counties.  ,-President  1916-v 

?«puia«on         (16)  Dem.     Rep.    Soc. 


Wiliwn. 

4257  Churchill     831 

4576  Clark     1115 

2159  Douglas    301 

9918   Elko     2020 

7385  Esmeralda    1135 

1830  Eureka     263 

8549   Humboldt    1681 

1970  Lander     473 

4808  Lincoln     634 

4516  Lyon    769 

7384  Mineral     617 

12163   Nye     1601 

3796   Ormsby     610 

3045  Storey    463 

23487  Washoe     3341 

11441  White   Pine    1922 


Hugli 

531  184 

629  194 

337  43 

1072  225 

709  418 

239  15 

1004  291 

321  130 

202  51 

669  174 

385  99 

1019  636 

534  63 

403  ft 

3225  397 

948 239 

Total      !77i7766  "12127  3065 

Plurality    5639 

Percent  53.34     36.49.19- 

Total    vote    33306 


326 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
348   votes. 

For   United  States   Senator,    1918. 
Charles  B.  Henderson,  Dem  ...............  ^'i?-7, 

E.  E.  Roberts,  Rep  .......................   8,0o3 

Anne  Martin,  Ind  ........................  4,603 

Martin  J.  Scanlan.   Soc  ....................       710 

For   Representative    in    Congress,    1018. 
Charles  R.  Evans,  Dem  ...................  12,670 

S.    S.    Downer,    Kep  ......................  10,660 

H.  H.  Cordill,  Soc  ........................   1,377 

Legislature.  Senate.  House.  J.  B. 

Bepublicans   .................      12          27          30 

Democrats     .................        9          25          34 

Socialists    ...................       112 

State   Officers. 

Governor  —  Emmitt  D.  Boyle.   Dem. 
Lieutenant-Governor  —  Maurice  J.  Sullivan,  Dem. 
Secretary    of    State—  George    Brodigan.    Dem. 
Treasurer—  Ed  Malley,  Dem. 
Comptroller—  George    A.    Cole,    Dem. 
Attorney-General  —  Leonard    B.    Fowler,    Dem. 

ttEW  HAMPSHIRE    (Pop.,  1917,  444,429). 

Counties.  ,-Pres. 

population          (10)  Dem. 

in  1917.  \>  i.BOD.  H 

'2261J.  Belknap    .................  2310 

16316  Carroll     ..................   2003 

30659  Cheshire     ................   2779 

31691  Coos    .....................   3247 

42242  Grafton  ..................  4644 

135875  Hillsborough     ...........  10937 

53995  Merrimack     .............   5967 

52968  Rocking-ham    ............   5637 

38951  Strafford  ................  4040 


2579 
2259 
3337 
2762 
4795 
9927 
5970 
5865 
4037 


20305  Sullivan    2215       2192 

Total    .  ...43779     43723 

Plurality    56 

Per    cent    50.03      49.97 

Total   vote   87502 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly  (Pro.)  re- 
ceived 296  votes. 

For  president  in  1912  Taft,  Rep.,  received 
32.927  votee;  Wilson,  Dem.,  34,724;  Roose- 
velt. Prog.,  17.794;  Debs,  Soc.,  1,981.  and 
Chafin,  Pro..  535. 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Henry  W.  Keyes,  Rep 37,787 

Eugene  E.  Reed,  Dem 32,7 

To  fill  vacancy. 

George  H.  Moses,  Rep 35.528 

John  B.  Jameson,  Dem 34,459 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  The  counties  of  Belknap,  Oarroil,  Rockingham. 
Strafford,    Hillsborough    (part)    and    Merrimacb 
(parti. 

Sherman  E.  Burroughs,   Rep 18,658 

William  N.   Rogers,   Dem 17.122 

2.  The  counties  of  Cheshire,  Coos,  Grafton,  Sulli- 
van,  Ilillsborough  (part)  and  Merrimack   (part). 

Edward  H.   Wason,  Rep 19,343 

Harry  F.  Lake,   Dem 14,923 

Legislature.  Senate.House.  J.B. 

Republicans    19        247        266 

Democrats    6         159         164 

State  Officers. 

Governor— John  H.  Bartlett.  Rep. 
Secretary  of  State— Edwin  C.  Bean,  Rep. 
Treasurer— John  W.  Plunimer,  Rep. 

NEW  JERSEY  (Population,  1917,  3,014,194) . 

Comities.  , President  1916 ., 

regulation      (21)  Rep.       Soc.        JUem. 

90501  Atlantic  ..  ,      97*13      ' 

181478  Bergen     .  .    1 

72642  BurLngton     . 

167129  Camden  ........    1831 

24521  Cape   May    29 

58046  Cumberland    .    .     66 

625178  Essex   541 


Population 

41355 

647589 

33569 

147769 

139728 

103988 

81673 

22465 

260212 

28072 

43106 

28714 

170012 

47132 


5467 
115JO 

6535 
14010 

2097 

4573 
34596 


Hu-hes. 

Gloucester   ...   .  5ik>2 

Hudson  .......  42518 

Hunterdon   ....  3408 

Mercer   ........  14213 

Middlesex     ....  11851 

Monmouth    ...  .  11624 

Morris   .........  8530 

Ocean    ..........  3386 

Passaic    ........  18754 

Salem    ..........  4080 

Somerset    ......  4707 

Sussex     ........  2461 

Union    ..........  16705 

Warren   ........  3302 


Total    268982  10405  211018 

Plurality    .      ...   57964 

Per   cent 54.40      2.11       42.68 

Total   vote 494442 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro.,  received 
3,182  and  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab.,  855  votes. 

For  president  in  1912  Taft,  Rep.,  received 
88,834  votes:  Roosevelt.  Prog..  145.409:  Wil- 
son. Dem..  178.282;  Debs.  Soc..  15,900:  Chafin. 
.Pro.,  2,87o« 

For  Governor,   1919. 

Edward  I.  Edwards.  D^m 216,244 

Newton  A.  K.  Bugbee,   Rep 202.166 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Walter  E.  Edge,  Rep 175.20* 

George  M.  LaMonte,  Dem 151,454 

James  M.  Reilly,  Soc 14,648 

To  fill  vacancy. 

David   Baird,    Rep 166.924 

Charles  O'Connor  Hennessy,  Dem 162,237 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Cpuntieg  of  Camden,   Gloucester  and  Salem. 

William  J.  Browning,   Rep 23,296 

Edwin  S.   Dickersou,  Dem 10.65T 

George  F.  Noftsker,    Soc 1.051 

Charles  E.  Lane.  Nat.  Pro 1.815 

2.  Counties  of  Cape   May,   Cumberland,    Atlantic 
and  Burlington. 

Isaac  Bacharach,  Rep 20.802 

John  T.  French,  Dem 8*49S 

Levi  B.  Sharp,  Nat.  Pro 1,191 

3.  Counties  of  Middlesex.   Monmouth  and  Ocean 

Thomas  J.  Scully,  Dem 19,518 

Robert  E.  Carson,  Rep ...16824 

Gilbert  E.  Mason,   Nat.  Pro 581 

«.  Counties  of  Hunterdon.    Somerset  and  Mercer. 

Elijah  C.  Hutchinson,  Rep 17,48» 

George  O.  Vanderbilt.  Dem 14.371 

5.  Counties  of  Union   and   Morrig. 

Ernest  R.  Ackerman,   Rrp 17.200 

Richard  E.  Clement.  Dem 13,297 

James   B.    Furber.    Soc 1,737 

William  H.  C.  Clarke,  Nat.  Pro...  .     445 

5.  (To  fill  vacancy.) 

William  F.  Birch,  Rep 17,170 

Richard   E.    Clement.    Dem 13520 

James   B.   Furber.    Soc 1,747 

6.  Counties  of  Bergen,   Sussex,   Warren  and  Pas- 
saic   (part). 

John  R.   Ramsey,   Rep 18.374 

Robert  A.   Sibbald,   Dem 15285 

Charles  P.  DeYoe.  Nat.  Pro 812 

I.  Part    of   Passaic    county. 

Amos  H.  Radcliffe,  Rep 12,291 

Joseph   A.   Delaney,    Dem 8461 

William  H.   Derrick.    Soc 1.645 

Charles  M.    Berdan.    Nat.   Pro 394 

George  T.   Anderson,   National 198 

8.  Counties  of  Essex   (part)   and  Hudson  (part). 

Cornelius   A.    McGlennon.    Dem 12,315 

William  B.   Ross,  Rep 12.045 

William   Kane  Tallman.   Soc 952 

9.  County  of  Essex   (part). 

Daniel  F.  Minahan.  Dem 10,797 

Richard  Wayne  Parker,   Rep 9.220 

Stephen   Bircher.    Soc 1.30« 

Benjamin  F.    Biershing.    Ind 16» 

10.  County  of  Essex  (part). 

Frederick  R.  Lehlbach.   Rep 12,40» 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


327 


Dallas   Flanagan.    Dem 11,826 

Charles  H.  Poole.   Soc 1.445 

11.  County  of  Hudson    (part). 

John  J.  Egan,  Dem 14,136 

Edward  C.   Brennan.   Rep 4,916 

Gertrude   Reilly.    Soc 1,891 

12.  County  of  Hudson   (part). 

James  A.  Hamill,  Dem 17,677 

Theodore  Bicrch,  Rep 6,028 

Valentine  Bausch,  Soc 1,277 

Legislature,  1918.  Scnate.House.  J.B. 

Republicans     15 

Democrats  6  30  36 

State  Officers. 

Governor — Edward  I.  Edwards.  Dem. 

Secretary  of  State— Thomas  F.  Martin,  Dem. 

Treasurer— William  T.  Re?d,   Rep. 

Comptroller— Newton  A.  Bugbee,  Rep. 

NEW  MEXICO   (Population,  1917,  423,649). 

Counties.  / — President  1916 — , 


fopulation 
in  1U17. 

26606 
16850 
21068 
11443 

15567 

19094 
17568 
10927 

7822 

4794 

12963 

14295 

8731 

ie^f 

12064 

8579 

8504 

23570 

14770 

3811 

14761 

18824 

10119 

11404 

13320 


(28) 


Dem. 


Soc. 


Bernalillo    2399 

Chaves  2279 

Colfax     2024 

Curry    1205 

DeBaca    — 

Dona  Ana   1079 

Eddy    1405 

Grant    2305 

Guadalupe    1173 

Lea   — 

Lincoln    870 

Luna    796 

McKinley    564 

Mora  1505 

Otero    824 

Quay     1562 

Rio  Arriba 1528 

Roosevelt    1088 

Sandoval    734 

San  Juan    637 

San  Miguel  2263 

Santa  Fe   1406 

Sierra    493 

Socorro    1573 

Taos    910 

Torrance    679 

Union 1996 

Valencia  ..  ,394 


1606 


Total     33691    31161     1999 

lurality    2530 

>er    cent 50.31      46.54     2.98 

Jotal    vote 66963 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
112  votes. 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson.  Dem.,  received 
20,407  votes;  Taft.  Rep..  17.733;  Roosevelt. 
Prog..  8,347.  and  Debs.  Soc.,  2,859. 

For  United  States  Senator t  1918. 

Albert  B.  Fall.  Rep ...24,322 

W.  B.  Walton.   D:m 22.470 

For  Representative  in  Congress,  1918. 

Benigno  C.  Hernandez.  Rep 23.752 

G.  A.  Richardson.   Dem 22,627 

Legislature. 
The  legislature  is  republican  in  both  houses. 

State  Officers. 

Governor— Octaviano  A.   Larrazola.   Rep. 
Lieutenant-Governor — Benjamin  F.   Pankey,    Rep. 
Secretary  of   State—Manuel    Martinez,   Rep. 
Treasurer— Charles   U.   Strong.   Rep. 
Auditor— Edward   H.   Sargrert.   Rep. 
Attorney-General— O.  O.  Askern.  Rep. 

NEW  YORK    (Population,   1917,   10,460,182). 

Counties.  , President  1916 — ^ 


<900.' 

50  =  01 


Cattaraugus    . .  8680 

Cayuea   7816 

Chautauqua    . .  14280 

Chemung    6348 

Chenango   5150 

Clinton    4960 

Columbia     ....  5227 

Co-Hand   4473 

D-laware    6202 

Dutchess    10879 

Erie   52718 

Essex    4605 

Franklin     5084 

Fulton   56GO 

Genesee    5535 

Greene    3616 

Hamilton    609 

Herkimer    7641 

Jefferson    11105 

Kings   118962 

Lewis    3400 

Liv  ngston    ...  5108 

Madison    5813 

Monroe     39016 

Montgomery  ..  6644 

Nassau    13746 

New  York   ....111047 

Niagara    11939 

Oneida   185^9 

Onondaga   27477 

Ontario    7489 

Orange   13119 

Orleans    4854 

Osweso    9846 

Otsego    5859 

Putnam    1703 

Queens     34609 

Rensselaer    ....  146°9 

Richmond    ....  7174 

Rockland    4977 

St.   Lawrence 
Saratoga    .... 

tchenectady    . 
choharie     ... 
Schuyler    .... 

Seneca    

Steuben     

Suffolk    12649 

Sullivan    4328 

Tioga    3330 

Tompkins  4659 

Ulster    10680 

Warren    4835 

I  Washington     .  7287 

Wayne    7341 

W«stchester  ...  33688 

Wyoming1    ....  4893 

Yates    2920 


1025 


235 


154 


(62) 

fail'  17.  Hmrhw. 

179575  Albany    .......   26416 

41412"  Alleg-any  ......  6208 

599215   Bronx    ........   40192 

85860  Broome  .......  11316 


Dem.       Soc. 

Wil-m.        Benson 

18754   285 
3191    94 
47564   6995 
209 


7564 
8865 


Total    865851   756880  45985 

Plurality    118630 

P:r   cent 50.93      44.52       2.71 

Total    yot^ 1700071 

For  president  in  1916  Hughes.  Rep.,  received 
.9.659   votes    on    the    American    ticket;    Hanly. 
!  Pro.,  received  19,031  votes;  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab.. 
2.665. 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson,  Dem.,  received 
555.475  votes;  Tnft,  Rep..  455.428;  Debs,  Soc., 
63.3S1;  Chafin,  Pro.,  19,427;  Roosevelt,  Prog., 
390,021. 

For  Governor,  1918. 

Alfred  E.   Smith.  Dem 993.362 

Charles  S.  Whitman,  Rep 985,047 

Charles  W.  Erwin,  Soc 123,071 

Olive  M.  Johnson,  Soc.-Lab 5.13« 

For   United  States  Senator,   1916. 

William  M.   Calder,   Rep 836.301 

William   F.   McCombs.   Dem 604.051 

B.iinbridge  Colby,    Prog 15.16* 

<"olvin.     Pro 19.42S 

Cannon,   Soc 61.15$ 

Gillhaus.     Roc.-Lah 4.084 

For  Representatives  in  Conaress.  1918. 
1.  rv>nnt1«»«j  of  S'iffolk.  Nassau  and  Queens  (nart). 

Frederick  C.  Hicks.  Rep 53.160 

George   Seeburg,   Soc 1.850 


328 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


2.  County   of   Queens    (part). 

Charles  P.  Caldwell.  Dem 53.593 

William  Burkle.  Soc 8.900 

5.  Part  of  Kings   county   (Brooklyn). 

John  MacCrate,   Rep. -Dem 14.472 

Joseph  A.  Whitehorn.  Soc 5.075 

Michael  Forgarty.   Bus.  Men, 10.222 

William    A.    Ross,   Sue 1,552 

4.  Part  of  Kings  county  (Brooklyn). 

Thomas  H.  Cullen.   Dem 22.804 

R.  W.  Bowman,  Rep.  and  Pro 6,527 

George  S.  Rumpler.  Soc 1.026 

6.  Part  of  Kings  county  (Brooklyn). 

George  B.  Green,  Rep 23,589 

John  B.  Johnston,   Dem 31.677 

Hugo  Peters.  Soc 1.524 

t.  Part  of  Kings  county   (Brooklyn). 

Frederick  W.  Rowe.  Rep 26.547 

Franklin  Taylor,   Dem 26.105 

Bernard  J.  Riley,   Soc 4.261 

7.  Part  of  Kiugs  county  (Brooklyn). 

James  P.  Maher.  Dem 19.453 

John  Hill  Morgan.  Rep 9.212 

James   O'Neal.   Soc 4.486 

8.  Part   of    Kings    county    (Brooklyn). 

William  E.  Cleary.  Dem 23.745 

Allison  L.  Adams.  Rep i4' 

Abraham  H.   Shulman.   Soc 6. 

Albert  E.    Neidy.    Pro 192 

9.  Part  of   Kings   county    (Brooklyn). 

Oscar  W.  Swift,  Rep.  and  Pro 27,174 

David  J.  O'Connell,  Dem 28,427 

W.  B.  Robinson.  Soc 6.728 

10.  Part  of  Kings  county  (Brooklyn). 

Reuben  L.  Haskell.  Rep 17.301 

George  W.   Martin.  Dem , 15.630 

A.   S.    Shiplacoff,    Soc 9.941 

11.  County  of  Richmond  (Staten  island)  and  part 
of  lower  New  York  city. 

Daniel  J.  Riordan.  Dem 21.196 

William  H.  Michales,  Rep 6.988 

Elinor  Byrns,  Soc 889 

George  Weber.    Pro 724 

12.  Part  of  New  York  city   (New   York  county). 

Meyer  London,   Soc 6,519 

Henry  M.   Goldfogle,  Rep.-Dem 7.269 

Wilbur  F.  Rawlius.  Pro 16 

Benjamin  W.  Burger,   Ind 2 

13.  Part  of   New  York   city   (New   York  county). 

Christopher  D.   Sullivan,   Dem. -Rep 6,813 

Algernon  Lee.  Soc 3.471 

Flavius  G.  Perry.  Pro 27 

14.  Part   of   New   York   city    (New   York   county). 

Fiorello  H.  La  Guardia,  Rep.-Dem 14.209 

Scott  Nearing,   Soc 6.157 

Alfred  H.   Saunders.   Pro 89 

IK.  P*rt  of  New   York   city    (New   York   county). 

Peter  J.   Dooling,   Dem 23,143 

Jacob  J.  Wiener.  Rep 5.324 

Fanny  Witherspoon.   Soc 939 

Herbert  D.  Burnham.  Pro 140 

16.  Part  of   New  York  city   (New  York  county). 

Thomas   Rock.   Rep 6.090 

Thomas  F.  Smith.  Dem 20.911 

Samuel  E.  Beardsley,   Soc 2.044 

17.  Part   of  New   York   city   (New   York  county). 

Herbert  C.  Pell.  Jr..  Dem 19.225 

Frederick  C.  Tanner,  Rep 17,522 

Julius  Halpern,   Soc 1,445 

Richard  G.   Green.   Pro 119 

18.  Part   of  New   York  city   (New  York  county). 

John  F.  Carew,  Dem 20.445 

John  M.  Leder,  Rep 4,742 

Pauline  Newman.   Soc 4,721 

Claude  Maybell.   Pro 74 

19.  Part  of   NPW  York   city   (New  York  county). 

Walter  M.  Chandler,  Rep 22.817 

Joseph   Rowan.    Dem 24.431 

Theresa    Malkiel.    Soc 3.278 

Ralph  E.  Myers,  Pro 240 

80.  Part  of  New  York  city  (New  York  county). 

Isaac  Siegel,  Rep 9,191 

Charles  H.  Simmons.  Pro 36 

Morris  Hillquit,  Soc 5,974 

21.  Part  of  Now  York  city  (New  York  conntW 

John  A.  Bolles.  Rep 25.434 

Jerome  F.  Donovan,  Dem 32,716 


George  F.  Miller,  Soc 3,140 

Edward  A.  Packer.  Pro 205 

22.  Part  of  New  York  city   (New  York  county). 

Anthony  J.  Griffin,  Dem 22.374 

Sadie  Kort,  Rep 5.213 

Patrick  J.  Murphy,   Soc ..  3,331 

John  G.  Tait,  Pro 1,145 

23.  Part  of  New  York   city    (New  York  county). 

Owen  A.  Haley,  Rep 17.750 

Richard  F.  McKinney,  Dem 38,852 

Max  Geisler,   Soc 14.057 

24.  Part  of  New  York  city  (New  York  and  West- 
chester  counties). 

James  V.  Ganly,  Dem 28,209 

Benjamin  L.  Fairchild,  Rep 26,793 

Irvin  E.  Klein,   Soc 8.940 

25.  Counties  of  Rocklaiid  and  YVestchester  (part). 

James  W.  Husted.  Rep 22.156 

Arthur  O.    Sherman.   Dem 16.117 

Bradford   Jones,   Soc 1,017 

Collin  F.  Jewell,  Pro 320 

26.  Counties  of  Orange,   1'utuam  auJ  Dutchess. 

George  A.  Coleman,  Dem 20,603 

Edmund  Platt,  Rep 29,793 

Alfred  E.  Perkins.  Soc 880 

Elbert  Knapp,   Pro 969 

27.  Countie.s  of  Sullivan.   Ulster,   Greene,   Colum- 
bia  and    Schoharie. 

Charles  B.   Ward.   Rep ; 31.724 

John  K.  Evans.   Dem. -Pro 26.526 

Rolland  E.  Miles.  Soc 803 

28.  County  of  Albany  and  part  of  city  of  Troy,  in 
Rensselaer  county. 

Rollin  B.  Sanford,  Rep 41.759 

Joseph  A.  Lawson,  Dem 31.468 

Allin  Depew,   Soc 1,358 

29.  Counties    of    Rensselaer    (part),    Washington. 
Saratoga  and  Warren. 

James  S.  Parker.  Rep 41,848 

Gustavus  A.  Rogers,  Dem 23.014 

D.  V.  Linehan.  Soc 944 

Charles  E.    Robbins.   Pro 1.358 

30.  Counties  of  Schenectady.  Montgomery.  Fulton 
and  Hamilton. 

George  R.  Lunn,  Dem 23.591 

Frank  Orowther,   Rep 24.263 

Herbert  M.  Merrill.  Soc 2.769 

31.  Counties  of  Essex.  Clinton.  Franklin  and  St. 
Lawrence. 

Bertrand  H.  Snell,  Rep 30.558 

Elizabeth  Arthur.   Dem 10.383 

Franklin  D.  Wallace.  Pro 1.565 

Samuel  G.  Cline.  Soc 141 

32.  Counties    of    Jefferson.    Lewis,    Oswego    and 
Madison. 

Luther  W.   Mott.    Rep 36.889 

Charles  A.  Hitchcock.  Dem 17.655 

Stephen   R.    Lockwood.    Pro 3.261 

George  H.  Rockburn,  Sr.,  Soc 592 

33.  Counties  of  Oneida  and  Herkimer. 

Clarence  E.  Williams,  Dem 23.1T7 

Homer  P.   Snyder,   Rep 30,937 

John  Latimore.  Soc.. 1,438 

Enoch  Ohnstrand.   Pro 1.690 

34.  Counties    of    Otsego.    Delaware.    Broome    and 
Chen  an  go. 

William  H.  Hill,  Rep 38,443 

L.  P.  Butts.   Dem 21,628 

A.  G.  Breckinridge.  Soc 495 

Julius  E.   Rogers,   Pro 6,366 

35.  Counties  of  Onondaga  and  Cortland. 

Walter  W.  Magee,  Rep 42.538 

Ben  Wiles.  Dem 23.198 

Frank  Heck.  Soc 2,789 

Edward  G.  Dietrich.  Pro 3,202 

36.  Counties    of    Cayuga.    Wayne,    Seneca.    Yates 
and  Ontario. 

Norman  J.  Gould,  Rep 40.857 

Everett  E.  Caiman.  Dem 16,774 

37.  Counties     of      Tompkins.      Tioga.      Chemung. 
Sohuyler  and   Steubon. 

Alanson  B.  Honghton,  Rep 38,137 

Frederick  W.  Palmer.  Dem 21.664 

Chnuncey  L.  Hurlbut.  Soc 828 

38.  Monroo   county   (part). 

Thomas  B.  Dunn,   Rep 36,773 

Jacob  Gerling,  Dem 16,404 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOR  FOR   1920. 


329 


Jolm  W.   Dennis.   Soc 4,086 

Algernon   S.  Crapsey.   Pro 1,906 

89.  Counties  of  Monroe  (part).   Orleans.   Genesee. 
Wyoming  and   Livingston. 

Archie  D.   Sanders,   Rep 35,330 

Clara  B.  Mann.  Dem 14.731 

George  Weber.  Soc 1,223 

40.  Counties  of   Niagara  and   Erie   (part). 

S.  Wallace  Dempsey.  Rcjp 35,480 

Matthew   D.    Young.    Dem 17.782 

Lee  P.  Smith.  Soc 3,038 

41.  County  of  Erie   (part). 

Charles  B.  Smith.  Dem 16,241 

Clarence  MacGregor,   Rep 16,364 

Franklin  P.  Brill.  Soc 7,023 

42.  County   of  Erie   (part). 

James  M.  Mead,  Dem 16,270 

William  F.   Waldow.   Rep 15.293 

Hattie  Krueger,   Soc 3.087 

Jolm  H.  Stoody.  Pro 652 

43.  Counties  of  Allegany.  Cattaraugus  aud  Chau- 
tauqua. 

Daniel  A.  Reed,  Rep 35.564 

Frank  H.  Mott.  Dem 11,280 

Gust.  C.  Peterson,  Soc 1.696 

Legislature.  Senate.Honse.J.B. 

Republicans     29  94         123 

Democrats    22          54  76 

Socialists  —  2  2 

State  Officers. 

Governor — Alfred  B.   Smith.   Dem. 

Lieutenant-Governor— H.   C.  Walker.   I   -m. 

Secretary  of  State— Francis  M.   Hugo.   ilep. 

Comptroller— Eugene  M.   Travis,    R"p. 

Attorney-General — Charles  D.   Newton,  Rep. 

Treasurer — James  L.   Wells.   Rep. 

NORTH  CAROLINA    (Pop.,   1917,  2,434,381). 

Cov.nti.es.  ^-Pres.  1916-,, 

Population    (100)  Dem.       Reip. 

1917.  \»ils».i.  JiuchM 

30935  Alamance  2476  2278 

12054  Alexander  954  1187 

7745  Alleg-hany  796  61.1 

28090  Anson  2046  301 

19074  Ashe  1898  1939 

11479  Avery  360  1158 

34143  Beaufort  1957  1274 

24864  Bertie  1461  116 

18246  Bladen  1261  651 

15728  Brunswick  810  989 

53821  Buncombe  4229  3830 

24115  Burke  1621  1474 

29002  Cabarrus  2080  2314 

23290  Caldwell  1725  1659 

5762  Camden  368  86 

15211  Carteret  1165 

14858  Caswell  849 

32)141  Catawba  2569 


23764  Chatham  1839 

lf.797  Cherokee  1362 

12066  Chowan  610 

3909  Clay  400 

32717  Cleveland  2764 

32944  Columbus  2143 

26640  Craven 1780 

33719  Cumberland  1971 

8543   Currituck    945 

4902  Dare  470 

33785  Davidson  2675 

14327  Davie  910 

27659  Duplin  1824 

41877  Durham  2463 

35906  Edg-ecombe  2028 

56106  Fors.vth  4115 

24692  Franklin  2057 

43749  Gaston  3019 

10485  Gates  826 

6046  -Graham  476 

26444  Granville  1713 

13846  Greene  1066 

76134  Guilford  4616 

42650  Halifax  2312 

26089  Harnett  1992 

24523  Haywood  2403 

17837  Henderson  1166 

16270  Hertford  977 


1246 
338 
2624 
1501 
1362 
91 
453 
1497 
1327 
542 
1217 
87 
363 
2801 
1245 
1527 
1837 
135 
3585 
396 
2542 
309 
460 
648 
294 
3670 
299 
1603 
1523 
1705 
209 


Population.  Wi'»on  Hught* 

13400  Hoke    780  110 

8840  Hyde    840  277 

38148  Iredell   3335  2073 

13834  Jackson    1306  1288 

48080  Johnston    3468  2857 

9082  Jones    712  233 

11944  Lee    1054  573 

25783  Lenoir    1666  667 

18324  Lincoln    1521  1369 

12255   Macon 1146  1069 

20132  Madison  972  1965 

19ao8  Martin     1472  281 

14245  McDowell    1274  1218 

75617  Mecklenburg-  4508  1257 

10263  Mitchell  462  1298 

15530  Montgomery  1222  1196 

17859  Moore    1337  1047 

30747  Nash   2189  826 

36601   New   Hanover   2355  492 

23180  Northampton    1518  45 

15719  Onslow    1197  785 

15338  Orange   1230  1158 

11368  Pamlico  710  527 

18907  Pasquotank  1177  270 

16997  Fender   '.'..  970  400 

117o7  Perquimans  645  288 

17846  Person    953  917 

40320 Pitt :::;:::  zlU  719 

8103  Polk  679  760 

30409  Randolph  2747  3031 

27460  Richmond  1553  650 

52964  Robeson  2894  1433 

38836  Rockingham  2316  1957 

42232  Rowan  3053  2320 

30781  Rutherford  2445  1871 

32619  Sampson  1369  2727 

17413  Scotland  938  137 

23332  Stanly  2110  1941 

20360  Stokes  1569  1852 

3~7b2  Surry  2029  2977 

11864  Swam  829  1128 

7608  Transylvania  821  841 

5392  Tyrrell  416  392 

37744  Union  .• 2662 

8183  S3?. :::::::::::::::::::  !f  Jf 

21080  Warren  1217  227 

11394  Washington 651  48fi 

11493  Watauga    1,141  1352 

38867  Wayne  2625 

32770  Wilkes    1632  3470 

31679  Wilson    2052  730 

16408  Yadkin   879  1721 

12515  Yancey  1273  1082 


-Total    168383   120890 

Plurality   47493 

Percent  58.05     41.71 

Total  vote  289837 

For    president    in    1916    Benson.     Soc..    m- 
ceived  509  votes  and  Hanly,  Pro.,   55. 
For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

F.  M.  Simmons,  Dem 143524 

John   M.    Morehead.   Rep '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  93.*W7 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,   1918. ' 

1.  Counties  of  Beaufort.  Camden.  Chowan    Curri- 
tuck.    Dare.    Gates.    Hertford.    Hyde.    Martin 
Pasquotank.     Perquimans.     Pitt.     Tyrrell     and 

John  H.    Small.    Dem 10427 

C.  R.  Pugh,   Rep 3-40i 

2.  Counties  of  Bertie.    Edgecombe.   Greene.    Hall- 
fax,   Lenoir,  Northampton,  Warren  and  Wilson 
Claude    Kitchin.    Dem 9986 

3.  Counties   of    Carteret.    Craven,    Duplin.    Jone«, 
Onslow.  Pamlico.   Pender.  Sampson  and  Wiyne. 

Samuel  M.   Robinson.   Dem 10.205 

Claude  R.  Wheatley,   Rep 7.000 

4.  Counties     of     Chathnm.     Franklin.     Johnston. 
Nash.    Vance  and  Wake. 

Edward  W.   Pou.   Dem 12,853 

Robert  H.  Dixon,  Rey 6.028 

5.  Counties  of   Alamnnce,   Caswell.    Durham    For- 
syth.  Granville.  Guilford.  Orange,  Person,  Rock- 
inpham.   Stokes  and  Surry. 


330 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Charles  M.   Stedman.  Dem 21,076 

John  W.   Kurfees,   Rep 16,635 

6.  Counties     of     iUadeu.     Brunswick,     Columbus, 
Cumberland.   Harnett.   New  Hanover  and  Robe- 
son. 

H.  P.  Godwin,  Dem 9,575 

Alexander   L.    McCaskill.    Rep 3.702 

7.  Counties    of    Ansoii,     Davidson,     Davie,     Hope, 
Lee.   Montgomery.   Moore,   Randolph.  Richmond. 
Scotland.    Union,    Wilkes  and    iadkin. 

Leonidas   D.   Robinson.   Dem 18,275 

James  D.  Gregg,   Rep 14,116 

S.  Counties  of  Alexander,  Alleghany,  Astie.  Ca- 
barrus.  Caldweil.  iredell.  Rowan.  Stanly  and 
Watanga. 

Robert  L.  Dough  ton,  Dem 16,105 

Frank  A.  Lium-y.  Rep 13,826 

9.  Counties  of  Avery.  Burke.  Catawba.  Cleveland, 
GastOu,   Lincoln,   Madison,   Mecklenburg.   Mitch- 
ell and  Yancev. 

B.  Y.  Webb,  Dem 16,982 

Charles  A.  Jonas,  Rep 12,830 

10.  Counties   of  Buncombe.    Cherokee.    Clay,    Gra- 
ham, Haywood.  Henderson.  Jackson,  McDowell. 
Ma  con,    Polk,    Rutherford,   Swain  and   Transyl- 

James  J.  Britt.  Rep 15,271 

Zebulon  Weaver,  Dem 16,323 

Legislature.  Senate.  House.  J.B. 

Democrats    43          96         139 

Republicans  7  24  31 

State  Officers.  (All  democrats.) 

Governor — rhomas  W.   Bickett. 

Lieutenant-Governor — O.  Max  Gardner. 

Secretary  of  State — J.  Bryan  Grimes. 

Treasurer— B.  B.  Lacy. 

NORTH  DAKOTA    (Pop.,  1915,  *636,994). 

C'v-nties.  ,-President  1916^ 

Population     (53)  Rep.     Dem.    Soc. 

&  1.15  H...-h,s.        \.i   ,.,        l,en 

4728  Adams    469  532  63 

18706   Barnes    1467  1678  75 

12705  Benson    1210  922  101 

3250   Billing-s    306  276  36 

17337  Bottineau  1294  1471  329 

5041   Bowman    374  685  88 

9097  Burke     518  922,  197 

14157  Burlaig-h    1182  1267  129 

40436   Cass    3093  3303  157 

15811   Cavalier  3502  1149  68 

10094,  Dickey  1037  920  99 

8894  Divide  707  950  126 

8156   Dunn  566  1208  46 

5684   Eddy    505  650  89 

10323   Emmons    1090  609  25 

6054  Foster    549  662  14 

6038   Golden    Vrlley     499  697  63 

28658  Grand  Forks    2159  2814  125 

Grant    

6567  Grigg-s  521  668  27 

7711  Retting-—  856  661  67 

6948  Kidder     604  650  134 

11453  LaMoure  1045  990  141 

7037  Lognn   567  260  51 

16950  MeHenry  1349  1456  200 

8020  Mclntosh    950  270  7 

10809  McKenzie   692  1316  185 

15879  McLean   1054  1210  247 

6790  Mercer    730  353  52 

26717  Morton  2785  1835  299 

11135  Mountrail    740  1263  231 

10381   Nelson    1013  861  77 

4058  Oliver    346  327  48 

14341   Pembina    1469  1400  16 

9703  Pierce   703  789  74 

15070   Ramsey    1169  1331  90 

11045   Ransom     1093  1121  45 

8098   Benville    532  1012  119 

21265   Richlsnd    2097  1772  41 

9694   Bolette    600  762  132 

9634   Sargent    1050  868  67 

8249   Sheridan    807  310  25 

2135   Sioux   232  200  24 

5059   Slope   516  867  91 

14247  Stark    1409  953  57 


Population  Hushes.  Wilson.  Denloa 

7016  Steele  676  575  71 

2409)1  Stutsman  1664  1846  109 

9147  T owner  665  769  77 

12838  Traill  1423  664  72 

20373  Walsh  1670  2003  126 

28068  Ward  ,1743  2791  301 

13204  Wells  1226  810  48 

18143  Williams  903  1780  495 


Total  53471  55206  5706 

Plurality     2620 

Per  cent   45.94  48.23     4.9 

Total   vote    114603 

*Statte    census.      No   later  estimate   made. 
For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
997   votes. 

For  Governor,  1918. 

Lynn  J.  Frazier,  Rep.-Nonp 54,517 

Joseph  Doyle.   Dem.-lnd 36.733 

For  Representatives   in   Congress,    1918. 

1.  Counties    of    Oass,    Cavalier,    Grand    Forks. 
Nelson,  Pembina,  Ramsey.  Ransom,  RicMand. 
Sargent,  Steele.  Tradll,  Townar  and  Walsh. 

John  M.  Baer,   Rep 16,433 

Fred   Bartholomew.    Dem 13,416 

2.  Counties  of  Barnes.  Benson,  Bottineau.  Bur- 
leigh.  Dickey.  Eddy,  Emmons,  Foster.  Grig-g3, 
Kidder,  LaMoure,  Logan.  MeHenry,  Mclntosh. 
Pierce,  Rolatte,  Sheridan,  Stutsman  and  Wells. 

George  M.  Young,   Rep 20.516 

L.  N.  Torson.   Dem 7.038 

3.  Counties     of     Adams,      Billings.     Bowman, 
Burke.    Divide.    Dunn,    Golden    Valley.    Het- 
tinger,  Mercer.  Morton,  Mountrail,  McKenzie, 
McLean.   Oliver.    Renville,   Stark,    Ward,   Wil- 
liams,   Sioux  and  Slope. 

J.    H.   Sinclair,   Rep 17.564 

H.   Halvorson,   Dem 7,951 

Legislature.  Senate.  House.  J.  B. 

Republicans  43          96          139 

Democrats   6          16  22 

State  '  Officers. 

Governor— Lynn  J.  Frazier,  Rep.-Nonp. 
Lieutenant-Governor — Howard  R.  Wood,  Rep. 
Secretary    of    State — Thomas    Hall,    Rep.-Nonp. 
Treasurer— Obert    A.    Olson.    Rep-Noir>. 
Attorney-'General — William  Langer,  Rep. 


OHIO    (Population 

Counties. 

ation        (88) 


1917,    5,212,085). 

-President  1916 — •N 


24755 
62860 
24281 
65459 
54416 
31285 

§fj§°> 
80054 
15761 
26351 
71907 
26551 
23680 
82480 
30693 
34124 

782179 
43225 
24498 
27751 
38819 
42806 
21757 

263253 
24725 
25745 
14670 
29733 
48767 

498143 
37860 
30407 


Adams  ... 

Allen    

Ashland    . 
Ashtabula 
Athens 
Auglaize 
Belmont    . . 

irown    .... 

Sutler    

iarroll    

Champaign 

ilark    

llermont    . . 

ilinton 
Columbiana 
Coshocton 
Crawford    . 
Cuyahoga   . 

Darke    

Defiance  . . 
Delaware  . 

Erie    

Fairfield  . 
Fayctte  ... 
Franklin  . . 
Fulton  . . . 

Gallia    

Geauga  . . 
Greene  . . . 
Guernsey  . 
Hamilton  . 
Hancock  . 
Hardin 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


831 


Population. 

19076  Harrison 

25119  Henry    .. 

28711  Highland 

23650  Hocking 

17909  Holmes 


Hughei. 

2517 
2482 
3727 
2357 
955 

35576  Huron  4048 

30791  Jackson  3116 

80798  Jeiferson  6658 

31940  Knox  3646 

23835  Lake  2887 

39488  Lawrence  4363 

61809  Licking  5935 

30084  Logan  4345 

01497  Lorain  6868 

221olS  Lucas  16711 

19902  Madison  2809 

149742  Mahoning-  11256 

37835  Marion  4264 

24795  Medina  2754 

25594  Meigs  3184 

27536  Mercer  2065 

46464  Miami  5772 

24244  Monroe  1504 

188300  Montgomery  ..  19683 

16097  Morgan  2136 

16815  .Morrow  2062 

60C28  Mupkingum  ..  7597 

18601  Noble  2290 

22467  Ottawa  1793 

22730  Pauldirff  2647 

37991  Perry  3953 

26158  Pickaway 2629 

15723  Pike  1616 

31079  Portage  3142 

23921  Preble  2881 

29972  Putnam  2243 

50132  R:chland  4886 

40069  Ross  4857 

35798  Sandusky  3557 

63924  Scioto  6356 

43338  Seneca  4301 

24690  Shelby  2352 

143600  Stark   14159 

134924  Summit  11593 

57271  Trumbull  6167 

59430  Tuscarawas  ...  5-104 

21871  Union  3182 

29119  Van  Wert  3802 

13096  Vinton  1420 


24497  Warron 

45422  Washington  .. 

38195  Wayne    

25376  Williams    

46330  Wood     

20760  Wvandot  

Total  

Plurality  

Per  cent 

Total  vote 


3610 
4745 
3676 
3132 
5034 
2078 
514753 


3322 
24339 
1833 
2345 
6328 
2175 
3347 
2313 
3860 
3820 
2091 
4269 
3387 
4294 
6985 
5154 
5264 
4808 
6451 
3C01 
15016 
19313 
6091 
7608 
2747 
3753 
1433 
2937 
5267 
5930 
3552 
5796 
3250 
60*161 
90408 
51.86 


44.18        51.86        3.27 

* .„ 1165086 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro.,  received 
8.080  votes. 

For   United  States  Senator.   1916. 

Myron    T.    Herrick.    Rep S?5H!£ 

Atlee    Pomerene.    Dem oil, 488 

C.    E.    Ruthenberg.    Soc 38,187 

Aaron   S.    Watkins.    Pro 12,060 

Jacob    S.    Coxey,    Ind 2.96o 

For  Governor,  1918. 

James  M.  Cox.  Dem 486.403 

Frank  B.  Willis,  Rep 474,459 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Part  of  Hamilton  county. 

Nicholas  Longworth,  Rep 27,030 

Sidney  G.   Strieker,  Dem 20,826 

2.  Part   of   Hamilton   county. 

A.  E.   B.   Stephens,   Rep 25,406 

Richard  A.  Powell.  Dem 21.868 

John   Gartleman.    Soc l,49o 

3.  Counties  of  Butler.  Montgomery  and  Preble. 

Charles  W.  Dustin.  Rep 26.625 

Warren   Gard.   Dem 29,653 

4.  Counties    of    Allen,    Auglaize,    Darke,    Mercer, 
Miami  and  Shelby. 

J.  E.  Russell.  Rep 22.136 

B.  F.  Welty.  Dem 22.580 


5.  Counties    of    Defiance,    Fulton,    Henry,    Pauld- 
in~,    Putnam,    Van   Wert   and   Williams. 

John  S.  Snook.   Dem 17,162 

Charles  J.  Thompson,  Rep 19,071 

6.  Counties    of    Adams,    Brown,    Clermont,    High- 
land. Pike  and   Scioto. 

Charles  C.   Kearns,   Rep 18,592 

A.  G.  Turnipseed,  Dem 16,591 

7.  Counties   of   Champaign,    Clark.    Clinton,    Fay- 
ette,  Greene,  Logan,  Madison.  Union  and  War- 
ren. 

Simeon  D.  Fess,  Rep 34,594 

George  Thome,  Dem 21,04$ 

John  A.   Rehm,   Soc 486 

8.  Counties   of  Crawford,    Hancock,    Hardin,   Ma- 
rion,   Morrow   and   Wyandot. 

John  A.  Key,  Dem 18,441 

E.   Clint  Cole.   Rep 20,688 

9.  Counties  of  Lucas  and  Ottawa. 

Isaac  R.   Sherwood,  Dem 22,848 

James  M.  Ashley.  Rep 18,398 

Solon  T.  Klotz.  Soc 2,085 

10.  Counties  of  Athens,  Gallia,  Jackson,  Lawrence, 
Meigs  and  Vinton. 

Israel  M.  Foster,  Rep 18,438 

11.  Counties   of   Fairfield,    Hocking.    Perry,    Pick- 
away  and  Ross. 

Edwin  D.  Ricketts,  Rep 17,608- 

H.  C.  Claypool,  Dem 15.287 

12.  County  of   Franklin. 

Clement  L.  Brumbaugh,  Dem 23,441 

John    C.    Speaks,    Rep 22,216 

Jacob  L.   Bachman.   Soc 799 

13.  Counties    of   Erie,    Huron.    Sandusky,    Seneca 
and  Wood. 

James  T.   Begg,  Rep 21.522 

Arthur  W.   Ovcrmeyer,   Dem 18,775 

William  O.  McClory,    Soc 341 

14.  Counties    of    Lorain,     Medina,     Portage    and 
Summit. 

Martin  I/.  Davey,  Dem 25,933 

Charles   Dick,    Rep 24,170 

Cyrus  M.  Mantell.   Soc 1.490 

15.  Counties   of  Guernsey.   Monroe,   Morgan,  Mus- 
kinprum.    Noble    and   Washington. 

C.   Ellis  Moore,   Rep 20,063 

George  White,   Dem 18,169 

16.  Counties  of   Holmes,    Stark.    Tuscarawas  and 
Wayne. 

Roscoe  C.  McCullogh,  Rep 29.803 

J.  C.   Breitenstein.  Dem 17,694 

Joseph  Bower,   Soc 1,157 

17.  Counties    of    Ashland,    Coshocton,    Delaware, 
Knox,    Lickin?  and   Richland. 

William  A.  Ashbrook,  Dem 24.438 

William  M.  Morgan,  Rep 22,499 

18    Counties    of     Bolmont.     Carroll,     Columbiana, 
Harrison  and  Jefferson. 

Frank  Murphy,  Rep 22,899 

William  B.  Francis.  Dem .S 20,272 

19.  Counties  of  Ashtabula,   Mahoning  and  Trum- 
bull. 

John  G.   Cooper,   Rep 26,857 

Joseph   Cooke,    Soc 1,224 

20.  Part   of    Cuyahoira   county. 

Charles  A.  Mooney,  Dem 19,776 

Jerry  R.  Zmunt,   Rep 13,759 

C.   E.   Ruthenberg,   Soc 2,429 

21    Part  of  Cuvahocra  county. 

John  J.  Babka.  Dem 15,511 

Harry  L.  Vail,   Rep 10.417 

Tom  Clifford,   Soc 1.829 

22.  Part    of    Ouyahoga    county    and    Geauga    and 
Lnke   counties. 

Henry  I.  Emerson,  Rep 32,735 

Legislature.  Sonate.House.J.B. 

Republicans     21  77  98 

Democrats    12          47          59 

State  Officers. 

Governor — James   M.    Cox.    Dem. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Clarence  J.   Brown,  Rep. 

Secretary  of  State— Harvey  C.    Smith,   Rep. 

Auditor — A.  V.  Donahey.  Dem. 

Treasurer— R.  W.  Archer,   Rep. 

Attorney-General—John  'G.   Price,  Rep. 


332 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


OKLAHOMA  (Population, 

Counties.  ^— 

°"    (77) 


Adair 

Alfalfa    ., 

Atoka 

Beaver 

Beckham  .. 

Blaine 

Bryan 

Caddo 

Canadian 

Carter 

Cherokee 

Choctaw 

Oimarron 

Cleveland 

Coal 

Comandhe 

Cotton 

Craig 

Creek 

Custer 

Delaware 

Dewey    ...* 

Ellis 

Garfield 

Garvin 

Grady 

Grant 

Greer 

Harmon 

Harper    ..., 

Haskell 

Hughes 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Kay 

Kingfisher 

Kiowa 

Latimer  .. 

LePlore    . 

Lincoln 

Logan 

Love 

Major 

Mayes   ....".*.".*. 

McClain 

McCurtain    . 

Mclntosh. 

Murray 

Muskogee 

Noble 

Nowata 

Okfuskee 

Oklahoma 

Okmulgee 

Osaeo 

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

Payne 

Pittsburg 

Pontotoc 

Pottawatomie 

Pushmatrha 

Roger  Mills 

Rogers 

Scminole 

Sequoyah 

Stephens 

Texas 

Tillman 

Tulsa 

Wagoner 

Washington 

Washita 

Woods 

Woodward    . 


1917,  2,289,855) . 

-President  1916 N 

Dem.      Rep.      Soc. 

\>  iisuu.          l»..^.tj.        brnson 

1190  1010 
1390  1378 
925 

18 

27 


212 
471 
524 
436 
890 
678 
787 

2735   2272  1112 

2200  11590 

2949   1013 

1594   1379 
37 


1480 

1382 

1850 

1214   1341 

2974   1267 


1945 

388  238 

1753  885 

1418  824 

2130  1221 

1500  685 
1901 


1227 
1000 
1960 
2347 
2697 


3243  .1272 
1706  1517 
36£ 


1364  1728 


458 


625 
4497  3S57 
16-10  749 


423 
935 
273 
614 
138 
579. 
567 
790 
366 
189 


3496     2820  128 

1771      1507  595 

839  221 

796  891 

983  590 
2854 


804     1001 


298 
482 
257 
408 
477 
793 
684 
621 
671 
373 
417 

2279  1017  1111 
950  668  335 
2576  1944  643 
2258  2338  1047 
1701  2270  557 
1125  268  365 
763  946  636 
1352  449  618 
1574  1229 
1541  678 
176" 
174 
130 

4009  2532 
1346  1243  216 
1355  1334  178 
1337  670  526 
7971  5291  1215 
2406  18CO  754 
2052  1528  423 
1877  1642  215 
1491  13C6  528 
176T  833 
1909 


12 

)21 
524 

607   1027 
811    295 
367 
849 
299 

1839  1728  3181 
2107  958  703 
1417  1358  473 
1130  1092  605 


Total     149748  97299  48001 

lurality    52449 

cent 50.74    32.99    16.27 

?otal   vote 295048 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
1.646  votes. 


I 


For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Counties  of  Craig,  Delaware,   Mayes.   Nowata, 
Osage,  Ottawa,   Pawnee,  Rogers,  Tulsa,  Wash- 
ington. 

T.  A.  Chandler,  Rep 14,506 

E.  B.  Howard.   Dem 15,394 

E.  Sonnanstiue.  Soc 550 

2.  Counties    of    Adair,    Cherokee,    Haskell,    Mcln- 
tosh,  Muskogee,  Okmulgee,   Sequoyah,  Wagoner. 

W.  W.  Hastings',  Dem 11.601 

Tinch,   Rep 7.685 

J.  A.  Lewis.  Soc 415 

3.  Counties    of    Atoka,    Bryan,    Carter.    Choctaw, 
Latimer,    LeFlore.    Love,    McCurtain,    Marshall, 
J'ittsburg,   Pushmataha. 

C.  D.  Carter.  Dem 15.624 

Fowler,    Rep .' 6.982 

Price,  Soc 791 

4.  Counties  of  Coal,  Craig.  Hughes,  Johnson,  Lin- 
coln,   Okfuskee,    Pontotoc,    Pottawatouue.    Sem- 
inole. 

Tom  D.  McKeown,  Dem 13,881 

Waite,  Rep 9.687 

Conley,    Soc 772 

5.  Counties  of    Cleveland,     Garvin,    Logan,    Mc- 
Clain, Murray,   Oklahoma.   Payne. 

Joe  B.  Thompson.  Dem 13,297 

McAleer,   Rep 9.20* 

Langston,    Soc 68« 

Turner,    Ind II 

6.  Counties  of  Blaine,   Cotton.   Caddo,   Canadian, 
Comanche,    Grady,    Jefferson,    Kingfisher.    Ste- 
phens. 

Scott  Ferris,  Dem 12,621 

Holmes,   Rep 8,925 

Diehl.    Soc 1,051 

7.  Counties   of   Beckham,    Custer,    Dewey,    Ellis, 
Greer,   Harmon,   Jackson,    Kiowa,   Roger  Mills, 
Tillman.   Washita. 

Jim  McClintic.  Dem 11.190 

Leedy,     Rep 6,014 

Enfield,  Soc 6,014 

8.  Counties   of    Alfalfa.    Beaver,    Cimarron,    Gar- 
field,  Grant,  Kay,  Major.  Noble,  Texas.  Wood- 
ward and   Woods. 

Dick  T.  Morgan,  Rep 15,349 

Hyde,  Dem 10,630 

Braham,   Soc 1,181 

Herrick.   Ind 68 

Legislature. 
Legislature  is  democratic. 

State  Officers.    (All  democrats.) 

Governor— J.  B.   A.  Robertson. 

Lieuteuant-Governor— M.   E.  Trapp. 

Secretary  of  State — J.  S.  Morris. 

Attorney-General— S.   P.   Freeling. 

Treasurer — A.   N.   L^ecraft. 

Superintendent  Public  Instruction— R.  H.  Wilson. 

Examiner    ami    Inspector— Fred    Parkinson. 

Commissioner  Labor— Claude  E.  Connally. 

Commissioner  Charities— William  D.  Mathews. 


OREGON    (Population, 

Counties. 

Population  (36) 

19886  Baker    ...."? 

13551  Benton    

37429  Clackamas    

18543  Clatsop    

13751  Columbia    

23532  Coos    

4108  Crook     

2174  Curry    

3536  Deschutes    

23402  Douglas     

4066  Gilliam     

5607  Grant     

5127  Harney    

11223  Hood    River    

34558  Jackson    

5578  Jefferson    

11003  Josephine     

11900  Klamath    

5979  Lake    


1917,   861,992). 

^-President 

Rep.        Dem.    So«. 

\Vi'eon.|    B«nso« 

3897  324 

2488  120 

5334  556 

2239  320 
1451 


iughes.' 

2541 
2902 
6349 
2568 
2023 
3209 
1675 
541 

3922 

557 

941 

872 

1314 

3538 

581 

1660 

1631 

793 


182 
3352   708 
2699   209 
512   118 


3679 

870 

1210 

1239 

1188 

4874 

904 

1656 

1853 

971 


420 

26 

145 

189 

158 

321 

62 

230 

170 

98 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


333 


44133 

7056 

25626 

11810 

48590 

4508 

316114 

16058 

4800 

7677 

21959 

16279 

10427 

21169 

26672 

?513 
835 


Wil»on.  Hughe*.  Senior 

Lane    7253  5880  607 

Lincoln    1167  915  190 

Linn   4524  4675  318 

Malheur     1682  1937  293 

Marion    8316  5699  473 

Morrow    748  830  92 

Muitnomah    41458  35755  1852 

Polk    2899  2844  187 

Sherman    717  747  18 

Tillamook     1547  1175  95 

Umatilla    3664  4606  256 

Union  2253  3086  259 

Wallowa    1198  1960  165 

Wasco     2243  2287  103 

Washington    4888  3363  219 

Wheeler    629  570  10 

Yamhill    4010  3342  219 


Total    126813  120087  9711 

Plurality    6726 

Per  cent    48.39      45.82    3.71 

Total  vote   261651 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
4.729  vote*. 

For  president  in  1912  Taft.  Rep.,  received 
34.673  votes;  Wilson.  Dem.,  47,064;  Chafin, 
Pro..  4,360;  Debs.  Soc.,  13,213.  and  Roose- 
velt. Prog.,  37,600. 

For  Representatives  in  Congress.  1918. 

1.  The   counties   of   Benton,    Clackamas,    Clatsop, 
Columbia.   Coos.  Curry,  Douglas.  Jackson,  Jose- 
phine,    Lane,     Lincoln.     Linn,     Marion      Polk, 
Tillamook.  Washington  and  Yamhill. 

W.  C.  Hawley,  Rep 57,345 

Harlin  Talbert,  Soc 6,624 

2.  The  counties  of  Baker,  Crook,  Deschutes.  GU- 
liam.    Grant,    Harney,    Hood    River,    Jefferson, 
Klamath,    Lake,     Malheur.     Morrow,    Sherman, 
Umatilla,  Union.  Wallowa.  Wasco  and  Wheeler. 

N.  J.   Sinnot.   Rep 18.312 

James  H.  Graham,  Dem 10,461 

H.  Warmholtz.   Soc 1,107 

3.  The    county    of    Mnltnomah. 

O.  N.  McArthur.   Rep 23277 

John  S.  Smith.  Dem 15728 

A.  W.  Lafferty.  Rep.-Natl 7,661 

Legislature,  1918.  Senate.House.J.B. 

Republicans    24          54          78 

Democrats    3  6  9 

Independents  303 

State  Officers. 

Governor— Ben  W.   Olcott.   Rep.* 
Secretary  of   State— Ben    W.    Olcott,    Rep. 
Treasurer— O.   P.  Hoff,   Rep. 
Attorney-General — George   M.    Brown.    Rep. 
*Fills  vacancy.    Holds  two  offices. 

PENNSYLVANIA   (Pop.,  1917,  8,660,042). 

Counties.  , President  1916 N 

Pepuiation     (67)  Dem.          Rep.       Soc. 

In  1917.  Wi'o  n  Hughes          Benson 

34319  Adams  3963  3290  82 

1196138  Allegheny  52833  77483  7815 

79068  Armstrong  ...  3590  6024  316 

94355  Beaver  5805  6864  904 

38879  Bedford  3263  3729  238 

200454  Berks  19267  11937  3146 

126202  Blair  7002  9893  491 

54526  Bradford  3635  6178  200 

80428  Bucks  7494  9280  238 

84169  Butler  4544  5458  211 

210874  Cambria  9416  10688  725 

8079  Cameron  452  713  15 

58931  Carbon  4099  4275  179 

48810  Center  4120  4392  122 

119082  Chester 8514  11845  204 

38356  Clarion  3269  2595  175 

103371  Clearfield  ..  6180  5676  816 

32259  Clinton  2967  2794  344 

64725  Columbia  5785  3013  116 

61565  Crawford  5814  5487  526 

57497  Cumberland  ..  6432  5296  167 

168998  Dauphin  11483  13954  841 


Population. 

134800 

38038 

127960 

209083 

9435 

63331 

9703 

29320 

40971 

83474 

65992 

15013 

307556 

172712 

79512 

63753 

137035 

406009 

84571 

47868 

,92526 

31160 

24239 

191779 

14868 

148089 

126300 

24136 

1735514 

8033 

29729 

233419 

16800 

81042 

11293 

37746 


Delaware   .... 

Elk   

Erie   

Fayette     

Forest    

Franklin 

Fulton   

Greene   

Huntingdon    . 

Indiana    

Jefferson   

Juniata     

Lackawanna 
Lancaster   .... 
Lawrence    .... 

Lebanon   

Lehigh  

Lucerne  

Ly  coming    ... 

McKean    

Mercer   

Mifflin    

Monroe     

Montgomery 

Montour   

Northampton 
Northumb'l'd 

Perry   

Philadelphia  . 

Pike  

Potter 

Schuylkill  .... 
Snyder  

tomerset 
ullivan  

Susquehanna 


16315 

2829 

8833 

9838 

617 

5674 

802 

2096 

3806 

4887 

4332 

1254 

17658 

20292 

5134 

6876 

10588 

25348 

6010 

4300 

5866 

2105 

1456 

20431 

1068 

9610 

8722 

2575 

194163 

17806 
1797 
6008 
388 
3891 


61257    . „- 

40029  Warren   .......  2628 

181271  Washington  ..  7747 

29236  Wayne 2019 

283255  Westmoreland  13829 

i  vsina  Wyoming  1s,t 

York  16314 


10: 


150£ 


12276 


Total  521784  703734  42637 

3«L"":    40.33  3&      3.S9 

Total   vote 1297097 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro  received 
28525  votes:  Reimer,  Soc.-Lab.,  417.  . 

For  president  in  1912  Taft,  Rep.,  received 
273  305  votes;  Wilson.  Dem.,  395.619;  Roose- 
velt Prog.,  Bull  Moose  and  Washington.  447.- 
426;  Chafln,  Pro..  19.553. 

For  Governor.   1918. 

William   C.    Sproul,   Rep 552.447 

Eugene  C.  Bonniwell,   Dem 3?H£| 

Charles    Sehl.    Soc J8.J06 

E.  J.  Fithian,  Pro 27.360 

R.   C.  Macauley,  Single  Tax —    *»W8 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
At  large— *William   J.   Burke,   Rep 

*Thomas   S.   Orago,    Rep ' 

*Mahlon  M.  Garland,  Ren £29,510 

*Anderson   H.   Walters,   Rep SSS'SS 

Joseph   F.    Gorman,    Dem 276.836 

Fred  Ikeler,    Dem 

J.   Calvin   Strayer,    Dem 

Samuel  R.  Tamer.  Dem on™ 

Socialist    (highest) 23.273 

Prohibition   (highest) 29,309 

Single  Tax  (highest) 2,217 

•Elected. 

1.  Philadelphia   county   (part). 

William  S.  Vare,  Rep 26,120 

John   Leonard  Slivey,   Soc J51 

Paul  B.   Cassidy,   Dem 7,146 

2.  Philadelphia  county   (part). 

George  S.   Graham.   Rep 20.578 

John  H.  Berkley,  Dem 4.2% 

Harry   Seidman,    Soc 3<« 

3.  Philadelphia    county    (part). 
J.   Hampton  Moore,    Rep 


334: 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


William  A.   Hayes,  Dem 5.646 

4.  Philadelphia  county  (part). 

George  W.  Edmonds,  Rep 19,187 

Jacob  H.  Root,   Soc 685 

Joseph   E.    Fabian,    Dem 7,874 

6.  Philadelphia    county    (part). 

Peter   E.    Costello.    Rep 25,169 

Emanuel   R.    Clinton,    Dem 10.987 

fl.  Philadelphia  county   (part). 

George    P.    Darrow,    Rep 42,376 

John   K.   Laughlin,   Dem 15.722 

John  A.  Fisler,  Wash 643 

7.  Chester  and  Delaware  counties. 

Thomas  S.   Butler,  Rep 23.882 

James  G.   Milbourn,   Dem 6,702 

Howard  B.  Melody,  Soc 227 

Luther   S.    Kaufman,    Pro 583 

8.  B«cks  and  Montgomery  counties. 

Henry  Winfield  Watson,  Rep 23,127 

Harry  E.  Grim.  Dem 12,213 

Elmer  S.  Young,  Soc 607 

Theodore  Koons,    Pro 526 

D.  Lancaster  coucty. 

William  W.  Griest.  Rep 17.398 

Austin  E.   McCullough.  Dem 4,537 

S.    S.   Watts,  Pro 618 

10.  Lackawanna  county. 

John  R.  Farr,  Rep 11.564 

Patrick  M.   Lane,   Dem 11.762 

Edward   Robling,    Soc 217 

11.  Luzerne  county 

John  J.   Casey,   Dem 16,547 

B.  N.   Carpenter,    Rep 16,505 

12.  Schuylkill  county. 

John  E.  Reber.    Rep 13,500 

James  J.    Moran,    Dem 9,712 

F.  C.   Clarke,   Soc 353 

13.  Berks  and   Lehisrh  counties. 

Arthur  G.   Dewalt,   Dem 19.776 

J.  Wilmer  Fisher.   Rep 15.608 

L.  Birch  Wilson,  Jr.,  Soc 2,397 

B.  J.  Fithian.  Pro 338 

14.  Bradford,  Susquehanna,  Wayne  and  Wyoming 
counties. 

Louis  T.  McFadden,  Rep 11.257 

A.  M.   Cornell,   Dem 4.873 

Edwin  P.   Young,   Pro 807 

William    Shellenberger.    Soc 117 

15.  Clinton,    Lycoming,    Potter   and   Tiuga    coun- 
ties. 

Edgar  R.  Kiess,   Rep 14.153 

P.  A.  McGowan.   Soc 653 

Charles  E.  Spotts,   Dem 7,372 

16.  Columbia.   Montour.   Northumberland  and  Sul- 
liTan  counties. 

John  V.    Lesher,   Dem 11.782 

Albert  W.   Day.   Rep 11.599 

J.   8.   Ray,    Soc 351 

W.  W.  Haffner,  Pro 546 

17.  Franklin,    Fulton.    Huntingdon,   Juninta,    Mif- 
flin.   Perry,   Sn.vder  and  Union  counties. 

Benjamin  K.   Focht,  Rep 16,762 

Scott  S.  Leiby,  Dem 11,348 

George  Bingham,    Soc 298 

18.  Cumberland,    Dauphin    and   Lebanon   counties. 

Aaron  S.  Kreider.   Rep 24,981 

John  W.    Coldren.    Soc 1.023 

J.  A.  Sprenkel,  Pro 2,905 

19.  Bedford.   Blair  and  Cambria  counties. 

John  M.  Rose,  Rep 19,846 

Bernard  J.  Clark,  Dem 11.857 

B.  G.  Seaman,  Soc 722 

20.  Adams    and    Yo^k    counties. 

Andrew  R.   Brodbeck,  Dem 13,525 

Edward  S.  Brooks,  Rep 15,362 

O.   W.  Thompson,   Soc 394 

21.  Cameron,     Center,     Clearfleld     and     McKean 
countios. 

William  B.  Tobias,  Dem 8.966 

Evan   J.    Jones.    Rep 12.678 

Harry  W.   Brown,   Rep 809 

22.  Butler    and    Westmoreland    coun'.ios. 

Edward  E.   Bobbins',   Rep 17,160 

George   H.    MeWherter.    Dem 9,904 

Max  Cenis,   Boc 1.627 


23.  Fayette,     Greene    and    Somerset    counties. 

Bruce   F.    Sterling,    Dem 14,029 

Samuel  A.    Kendall,   Rep 14,550 

Louis    L.    Mellinger,    Soc 459 

Daniel    Sturgeon,    Pro 822 

24.  Beaver,    Lawrence    and    Washington    counties. 

Henry  W.  Temple,   Rep 18.851 

William   M.   Hartman,   Dem 7398 

Walter  V.  Tyler,   Soc 1.033 

15.  Crawford   and    Erie    counties. 

Charles  N.  Crosby,  Dem 8.763 

Milton  W.   Shreve,   Rep 11.137 

Ralph   W.   Tillotson,    Soc 1.068 

William  H.  Kerschner,   Pro 900 

26.  Carbon.      Monroe,      Northampton      and      Pike 
counties. 

Henry  J.  Steele,  Dem 11,872 

Francis  A.  March,  Jr.,   Rep 9,781 

D.  S.   Bachman,   Pro 2,035 

27.  Armstrong.     Clarion,     Indiana     and    Jefferson 
counties. 

Nathan  L.  Strong,  Rep 14.804 

Don  C.  Corbett,   Dem 5.686 

F.    H.    Brantlinger,    Soc 444 

28.  Elk,    Forest.    Mercer,    Venango    and    Warren 
counties. 

E.  H.   Beshlin.   Dem 10.387 

Willis    J.    Hulings,    Rep 13.451 

M.   V.   Ball.   Soc M7 

29.  Allegheny     county     (part).     • 

Stephen   Geyer  Porter,  Rep 19,048 

Henry  Peter,  Soc 1.138 

C.  G.  Porter,  Pro 1,222 

30.  Allegheny   county   (part). 

M.    Clyde  Kelly.    Rep 21.559 

H.    J.    Lohr.    Soc 2,262 

31.  Allegheny   (part). 

John  M.   Morin.   Dem 14.081 

William    \.   Prosser,    Soc 772 

F.  C.  Brittain.   Pro 660 

32.  Allegheny  (rarn. 

Guy  E.   Campbell,  Dem 20.567 

John   W.    Slayton,    Soc 1.553 

William  O.  Wallace,  Pro 1,458 

Legislature. 
The  legislature   is   republican. 

State  Officers.     (All  republican.) 

Governor— William  C.  Spronl. 

Lieutenant-Governor—Edward    E.    Beidelman. 

Secretary  of  State— Cyrus  E.  Woods. 

Treasurer—  Harmon  M.   Kephart. 

Secretary  Internal  Affairs— James  F.  Woodward. 

RHODE  ISLAND    (Pop.,   1917,  625,865). 

Counties.  ,-President  1916-> 

nnmMiw     (5)  Rep.       Dem.    So? 

In  1917.  Hu;hM.         Wilson.      B.iuon 

20856  Bristol    1576      1306  43 

41051   Kent    6069      4498  173 

44252   Newport   3317      2556  38 

494188  Providence    32263  27630  1486 

25518  Washington  2633      2055  18 


Total    44858   38045   1758 

Plurality    6813 

Per    cent    52.62    44.63    £.06 

Total  vote 85249 

For  president   in  1916   Hanly.    Pro.,  received 
429  votes:  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab.,  159. 

For   president    in    1912    Taft,    Rep.,    received 
27.703    votes:    Wilson.    D~m..    30.412:    Chafin. 
Pro..  616:  Debs.  Soc..  2.049;  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab.. 
236.  and  Roosevelt.   Prog:..   16.878  votes. 
For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Le  Baron  B.  Colt.  R^p 42.682 

A.  A.  Archambault.  Dem 36.031 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Counties    of    Newport,    Bristol   and    Providenca 
(part). 

Clark  Burdick.  Rep 14.478 

T.  F.  Green,  Dem 11.556 

2.  Counties  of  K>ent,   Washington  and  Providence 
(part). 

Walter  R.  Stinoss.  Rep 14.710 

Stephen  J.  Casey.   Dem 10.914 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


335 


3.  County  of   Providence   (part). 
Ambrose  Kennedy.   Rep  ......................  14,037 

William  G.   Troy.   Dem  ......................  12.176 

Legislature,  1916.  Senate.House.  J.B. 

Republicans     .....................    25  63  88 

Democrats    .......................    13          35          48 

State  Officers.      (All  republicans.) 

Governor—  R.  Livingston  Beeckman. 

Secretary  of  State—  J.  Fred  Parker. 

Treasurer—  Richard  W.  Jenningrs. 


(Pop. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 

Counties. 
Portion      (45) 

27935  Abbeville  "'906 

43904  Aiken    1750 

79670   Anderson   2609 

19454  Bamberg  820 

34209  Barn  well 1454 

29602   Beaufort    376 

23487  Berkeley    457 

18682  Calhoun    665 

89022  Charleston    1929 

29698  Cherokee    1271 

30017  Chester    1182 

30607   Chesterfield     1883 

35110  Clarendon    894 

36804  Colleton    974 

39879  Darlington   1462 

25682  Dillon    972 

19058  Dorchester    716 

28096  Edgefield 959 

i'9454  Fairfieid    726 

40925  Florence    1912 

22270  Georgetown  470 

79244  Greenville    3384 

32636  Greenwood    1636 

18545  Hampton   852 

29646  Horry  1638 

7593  Jasper  243 

29991  Kershaw     989 

28358  Lancaster   1426 

44593  Laurens    1895 

28025  Lee    779 

§85  Lexington  2060 
90  Marion  1019 
80  Marlboro  1071 

16008  McCormick  ..  637 

37801  Newberry    1719 

30041  Oconee    885 

62775  Orangeburg    2641 

29836  Pickens    1139 

62115  Richland    2283 

22385   Saluda    1227 

96534   Spartanburg   4503 

42586  Sumter    1357 

33129  Union    1476 

41962  Williamsbunr    1212 

62122  York   1393 


1917,   1,643,205). 

—President  191 6-^ 
Dem.     Rep.    Soc. 

HnftM*.    Beuoou 

8 

26 
6 

21 
105 
6 
41 


44 
_5 

2~6 

I 

13 


14 

ii 

14 

31 

3 

2 

19 

59 

159 

292 
1 

112 
143 

57 
23 


20 


Total    61846     1550    135 

Plurality    60296 

Per    cent 96.71      2.42     .21 

Total   vote 63951 

In  1916  162  votes  were  cast  for  '•progres- 
sive" tlectors"  and  258  for  "progressive  repub- 
lican" electors. 

In  1918  Robert  A.  Cooper,  Dem.,  was  elected 
governor  without  opposition.  Nat  B.  Dial. 
Dem.,  was  elected  United  States  Senator  for 
the  long-  term  and  W.  W.  Pollock.  Dem.,  for 
the  short  term.  They  had  no  opposition. 
For  Representatives  in  Congress,  19'18. 

1.  Berkeley.  Charleston.   Clarendon.   Colleton  and 
Dorchester  counties. 

R.    S.   Whaley,   Dem 2.328 

2.  Alken,  Bamberg.  Barnwell.  Beaufort,  Edgefield. 
Hampton,  Jasper  and  Saluda  counties. 
James  F.  Byrnes,  Dem 3,155 

3.  Abbeville,    Anderson,    Greenwood,    McCormick, 
Newberry,   Oconoe  and  Pickens  counties. 

Fred  H.   Dominick.   Dem 3,698 

4.  Greenville,    Laurens,    Spartanburg    and    Union 
counties. 

8am  J.  Nichols.  Dem 4,069 


5.  Cherokee.  Chester.  Chesterfield.  Fairfieid.  Ker- 
slia\v,   Lancaster  and   York   counties. 

W.  F.   Stevenson.   Dem  ......................  3,64» 

6.  Darlington.  Dillon.  Florence,  Georgetown,  Hor- 
ry.   Marion.    Marlboro  and   Williamsburg  coun- 
ties. 

J.  W.   Ragsdale,  Dem  .......................  3,626 

7.  Calhoun,    Lee,    Lexington.    Orangeburg,     Rich- 
land  and  Sumter  counties. 

A.   F.   Lever,   Dem  ...........................  4,761 

R.  H.  Richardson.  Rep  ......................     176 

Legislature. 
The  legislature  is  democratic. 

State  Officers.     (All  democrats.) 
Governor—  R.  A.  Cooper. 
Secretary  of    State—  W.    Banks   Dove. 
State   Treasurer—  S.    T.    Carter. 
Attorney-General—  S.  M.  Wolfe. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA   (Pop.,  1917,  716,973). 

Counties.  ^President  1916-s 

Population         (70)  Rep.      Dem.    Soc. 

iul'jir.  Hughes.         \Vi.son.     Bcaaoa 

231  Armstrong-  ..........         —         —         — 

7700  Aurora    ...  ..........      735        793        23 

21392  Beadie  ................   1662 

1488  Bennett  .............        67 


793 
1828 
222 
11559  Bon   Homnii    ........   1231      1278 

15350  Brookings    ..........   1628      1385 

33590  Brown    .....  .........   2659     2676 

7216  Brule    ...............      729        975 


1589  Buffalo    80 

5894  Butte   537 

5767  Campbell   644 

19571  Charles  Mix  1450 

13792  Clark    1226 

8711  Clay   1000 

17977  Codington  1550 

3858  Corson   603 

5721  Custer  392 

14647  Davison  1516 

15917  Day  1758 

8579  Deuel  908 

1933  Dewey    352 

7412  Doug-las   815 

9652  Edmunds   894 

10845  Fall    River 668 

9030  Faulk 759 

11179  Grant    1098 

20981   Gregory    1434 

3553  Haakon    399 

8592   Hamlin   1039 

10313   Hand    801 

7179   Hanson     767 

4827   Harding    520 

8161  Hughes  611 

12627  Hutchinson    1636 

4632  Hyde    438 

2077  Jackson    283 

6815  Jerauld    612 

2378  Joiies    — 

14527  Kingsbury    1339 

11859  Lake    1398 

21000  Lawrence   2074 

13115  Lincoln 1591 

7412  Lyman  981 

10246  McCook    1194 

7131  McPherson    992 

9538  Marshall    808 

18285  Meade  858 

3427  Mellette   379 

8973  Miner    1006 

33795  M'nnehaha     4318 

8963   Moody    973 

17449  Pennington   1108 

7641  Perkins    890 

5544  Potter    512 

10853  Roberts    1259 

8172  Sanborn    711 

Shannon   — 

20721  Spink    1660 

2251   Stanley     254 

3007  Sully    281 

2403  Todd  — 

10262  Tripp  1074 

14323  Turner  1573 

10676  Union  1108 


182 
930 
163 
2011 
1016 
1207 
1344 
641 
488 
1374 
907 
584 
379 
597 
634 


46 
472 

40 

1 

135 

li 

28 

42? 
41 
50 
66 

*a 

14 

3 

41 


922   44 
629   25 


772 

48 

1396 

72 

475 

86 

692 

26 

905 

49 

712 

9 

597 

119 

536 

39 

519 

53 

305 

40 

279 

589 

5 

1096 

70 

1027 

92 

2157 

114 

936 

62 

1052 

97 

1021 

48 

224 

16 

885 

56 

1224 
430 

*» 

880 

24 

3494 

197 

898 

89 

1339 

122 

118 

408 

7 

1191 

187 

898 

28 

1622 

74 

381 

19 

268 

8 

1341 

4~0 

1134 

18 

1313 

19 

336 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Peculation                                                             Hughoi       Wilson      Benson 

2420  Walworth    761        590        28 

Population. 

16228  Crockett    

WU*>n. 

1608 
428 
8958 
887 
1407 
2105 
1997 
1812 
348 
2469 
3412 
3209 
843 
2254 
736 
741 
5828 
386 
1724 
979 
1142 
1677 
978 
2988 
1479 
627 
1148 
1506 
230 
520 
263 
4214 
727 
1572 
1787 
387 
2791 
423 
980 
1090 
1461 
2659 
1155 
1652 
2169 
541 
1263 
1976 
722 
563 
3170 
1512 
663 
418 
767 
2100 
661 
669 
2106 
2941 
206 
335 
301 
10967 
2196 
1711 
2601 
2565 
2035 
688 
226 
389 
405 
1860 
1831 
1855 
3609 
1407 
2036 
2536 

Hughes. 

1144 
924 
3168 
893 
1343 
1008 
459 
116 
925 
711 
1410 
1488 
1529 
3055 
319 
795 
4697 
1229 
485 
1811 
1739 

i&\ 
137o 

1393 
1026 
207 
452 
740 
606 
1648 
1812 
5791 
130 
532 
1837 
414 
552 
698 
1600 
1726 
1618 
1149 
1432 
461 
720 
608 
1459 

9?i 
1265 
591 
1030 
483 
501 
887 
1383 
768 
1395 
733 
1116 
1486 
238 
2837 
4515 
941 
591 
1776 
627 
383 
217 
961 
1490 
151 
632 
2723 
624 
1768 
587 
600 
839 

Censoa 

3 
194 
17 
10 
40 
36 
2 
44 
65 
32 
5 

103 
31 
166 

~7 
10 
16 
11 

6~0 
28 
42 
17 

"5 

106 
12 
2 

xg 

10 
3 

^— 

1 
70 

19 

62 

40 
29 

1 

17 

2 
31 
66 
82 

"I 

202 

31 

76 
70 

~4 
12 
20 
8 

Jl 

34 
10 

10068  Cumberland    .... 
168942  Davidson          .     . 

13488  Yankton           1429     1438       46 

10093  Decatur    
15434  DeKalb 

2517  Ziebach                               275        211        10 

6367  Pine  Ridge  Res  —          —        — 

20919  Dickson    

Total                        .  64261  59191  3760 

30662  Fayette 

Plurality    .,                ..   5070 

84°4  Fentress 

Per  <~nt    .,       ,  49.91    45.85    2.89 

20564  Franklin 

Total    vote  128986 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro.,  received 
1.774  votes. 
For  president  in   1912   Roosevelt.  Prog.,   re- 
ceived   58,811    votes;    Wilson,    Dem..    48.942: 
Chafin.  Pro..  3,910.  and  Debs.  Soc..  4.662. 
For  Governor.  1918. 

32629  Giles                

13888  Grainger 

14321  Hamblen    

109393  Hamilton    

10778   Hancock    

James  B.  Bird,  Dem  17.346 
Mark  P.  Bates.  Nonp  24.919 

24036  Hardeman    
17521   Hardin    
23587  Hawkins    

O.   S.  Anderson.   Soc  711 
Knute  Lewis.  Ind  1,344 
For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

26436  Hay  wood   
17030  Henderson    
26328   Henry    

16642  Hickman   

Orville  V    Rinehart    Dem                                   35  535 

6224  Houston  

W.  T.  Rafferty,  Ind  6.164 

14279   Humphreys    

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
1.  Counties  of  Aurora.  Bon  Homme,  Brule,  Buffa- 
lo. Charles  Mix.  Clay,  Davison.  Douglas.   Han- 
BOD.  Hutchinson.  Jerauld,  Lake.  Lincoln.  Miner. 
Moody,   Minnehaha,    McCook,    Sanborn,   Turner. 
Union  and  Yankton. 

15036  Jackson    
5°10  James 

108702  Knox    

9677  Lake  

21105  Lauderdale   

Robert  E    Dowdell    Dem    14752 

J    D    Wipf    Ind                                          .        1  333 

9.  Counties  of  Beadle.  Brookings.   Brown.   Camp- 
bell.   Clark.    Codineton.   Day.    Deuel.   Edmunds. 
Faulk.    Grant.    Hamlin.    Hand.    Hughes.    Hyde. 
Kingsbury.   Marshall,   McPhcrson.  Potter.  Rob- 
erts. Spink,  Sully  and  Walworth. 

15783  Macon              .       . 

41563  Madicon    

E     F     Atwood     Pro         .                1  592 

6131  Meigs 

3.  Counties   of   Armstrong.    Bennett.    Butte,    Cor- 
Bon.  Custer,  Dewey,  Fall  River,  Gregory,  Hard- 
ing,   Hankon,    Jackson,    Jones,    Lawrence,    Ly- 
man,     Meade,     Mellette,     Pennington,     Perkins, 
Stanley,    Todd,    Tripp,    Washabaugh,    Washing- 
ton and  Ziebach. 

22'>71  Monroe           

33672  Montgomery    .... 

31157  Obion    

17678  Overton   

88°5  Perry 

Harry   A    Atwater,   Rep  .17.703 

5087  Pickett    

J    E    Basford    Soc  ........                   .         .     210 

Legislature.                      Senate.House.  J.B. 
Republicans     42          85         127 

°2308  Putnam   

16206  Rliea    
22948  Roane    

State  Officers.    (All  republicans.) 
Governor  —  Peter  Norbeck. 
Lieutenant-Governor  —  W.  H.  McMaster. 
Secretary  of  State—  C.  A.  Burkhart. 
Treasurer  —  G.  H.  Helgerson. 
Attorney-General  —  Byron  S.  Payne. 

TENNESSEE     (Population,    1917,    2,304,629). 

Counties.                   ,  President  1916  \ 
Population       (96)                            Dem.       Rep.     Soc. 

l£l917.                                                                     Wilson.          Hushes.      li.OR  n 

17777  Anderson  540        1733        20 
°°667  Bedford.                        °310        1360          - 

33199   Rutherford    
13310  Scott  

4840  Sequatchie      .  .  .  . 

2°496  Sevi°r           .          . 

219090  Shelby 

18548   Smith 

30444  Sullivan    

°-j6°l  Sumner  .        ..    .. 

29594  Tipton                     . 

5874  Trou^dale 

8185  Unicoi  

11414  Union    
2784  Van  Buren  

12864!  Bcnton    .                       1313          805        24 
6329  Bledsoe  423          681         — 
21979  Blount    1015        2462           1 

16624  Warren    
33611  Washington    ..... 
12062  Wayne    
31929  Weakley    . 

16756  Bradley    784        1482        18 
34788  Campbell    485        1670        46 
10825  Cannon   930          456        24 
23971   Carroll    2001        2217        40 

16342  White    
24213  Williamson  
25394  Wilson    

10851   Cheatham    1117          439          6 
9090  Chester    862           645        42. 
25553  Claiborne                      1053        1398        19 

Total    
Plurality    
Per  cent  

150966   115641   2538 
35325 
56.06      42.95       .94 
269289 
Hanly,  Pro.,  received 

9437  Clay    680           578        17 
10580  Cocke                               695        1478        13 

Total   vote  
For  president  in  1916 
144  votes. 

15662  Coffee  ..                       1837          489        20 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


337 


For  United  States  Senator.  1918. 
J.  K.  Shields    Dem....  .99677 

Population. 

4539  Calhoun    ., 

wn»on. 
338 
959 
1260 
721 
326 
1505 
176 
239 
2002 
948 
1324 

48~4 
1700 
4141 
589 
1041 
432 
1494 
418 
2273 
1802 
455 

6~5 
456 
124 
363 
13410 
288 
356 
1254 
2844 
1056 
389 
193 
636 
597 
1086 
120 
299 
4718 
3603 
2024 
2037 
3493 
1902 
950 
600 
475 
788 
684 
1575 
410 
80 
3543 
330 
405 
96 
605 
1675 
482 
5093 
820 
1108 
830 
908 
925 
1231 
166 
932 
1279 
10131 
1374 
161 
1200 
995 
496 
1790 
1364 
3951 

693 
2568 
1730 

Hugh... 

84 
74 
420 
206 
78 
707 
69 
101 
241 
t/1 
177 

2~9 
96 
594 
31 
358 
742 
148 
36 
353 
188 
12 

16 
31 
2 
81 
2554 
14 
77 
72 
451 
1068 
15 
74 
42 
37 

!«, 

73 
324 
1770 
184 
729 
471 
1212 
46 
48 
41 
329 
62 
637 
55 

1263 
14 
1463 
8 
548 
649 
69 
1024 
159 
108 
1812 
80 
49 
201 
47 
94 
158 
3009 
173 
30 
95 
123 
141 
268 
260 
382 

64 
218    * 
373 

Ben»on 

it 

25 
35 
7 

Ti 
«» 

54 

42 
182 
190 
54 
76 
38 
301 
53 
106 
72 
1 

"6 

46 
1 
39 
184 
14 
16 
115 
157 
21 
39 

54 
3 
294 

~6 

74 
111 
287 

IB! 

40 
229 
78 
88 
16 
42 
98 
4 
4 
73 
14 
12 

6f 

51 
35 

285 
25 
25 
7 
43 
88 

f! 

123 

4§§ 

60 
1 
369 
10 
23 
354 
27 
86 

84 
231 
162 

H.  O.  Evans,  Bep  61093 

16044  Callahan  

For   Governor.   1918. 
A.  H.  Roberts.   Dem  99,680 

32764  Cameron    

9848  Camp    
3338  Carson 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
1.  The     counties     of     Carter.     Ciai  borne.     Cocke. 
Griinger,  Greene.   Hancock.   Hawkins,   Johnson, 
Sevier.  Sullivan,   Unicoi  and  Washington. 
Sam  R.  Sells,  Rep  12,853 

31051  Cass  
2910  Castro    

5101  Chambers  

31873  Cherokee 

14939  Childress  

2.  The   counties   of   Anderson.    Blount.    Campbell. 
Hamblen.      Jefferson,     Kuox,     Loudon,     Roane, 
Scott  and   Union. 
J.  W.  Taylor,  Rep  13.868 

22746  Clay  t.. 

8589  Coke   

31774  Coleman    
490°  1  Collin 

I.  The    counties    of    Bledsoe.    Bradley.    Franklin. 
Grundy.     Hamilton.    James,     McMinn,     Mariou. 
Meigs.    Monroe.    Polk.    Sequatchie.    Van  Buren. 
Warren  and   White. 
John  A.  Moon.  Dem  12,568 

8137  Colling-sworth  ... 
18897  Colorado 

9474  Comal   

30236  Comanche     ...... 

10468  Concho  

4.  The   counties  of   Clay.   Cumberland.    Feutress, 
Jackson,     Macon,     Overton,     Pickett,     Putnam, 
Rhea.   Smith.   Sumner.   Trousdale  and  Wilson. 
Cordell  Hull    Dem                                             11  646 

26602  Cooke  
21992  Coryedl              .... 

6874  Cottle   .. 

534  Crane  

6.  The  counties  of  Bedford,   Cannon,   Coffee,   De- 
Ealb.    Lincoln.    Marshall.    Moore    and    Ruther- 
ford. 
Edwin  L    Davis    Dem                                      11  089 

1296  Crockett   

§479  Crosby    

172  Culberson  .  . 

6814!  Dallam   .. 

6.  The    counties    of   Cheatham.    Davidson,    Mont- 
gomery,   Robertson   and   Stewart. 
Joseph  W    Byrus    Dem                           ...        10  794 

174451   Dallas    

3986  Dawson        

6204  Deaf  Smith  
14566  Delta    

7.  The     counties     of     Diekson.     Giles.     Hickman. 
Houston,  Humphreys,  Lawrence.  Lewis,  Maury, 
Wayne  and  Williamson. 
L.  P.  Padgett,  Dem  10,178 

33404  Denton  

25HOO  DeWitt 

8.  The  counties  of  Benton.   Carroll.   Chester.    De- 
catur.  Hardin.  Henderson.  Henry.  Madison,  Mc- 
Nairy   and   Perry. 
T    W    Sims    Dem     .             ..                    ....    9010 

5177  Dimmit     

9100  Duval      

^7400   Eastland 

9.  The  counties  of  Crockett,   Dyer.   Gibson.   Hay- 
wood,  Lake.  Lauderdale,  Obion  and  Weakley. 
F    J    Garrett    Dem        11.129 

^764  Edwards  

56°35   Ellis 

10.  The   counties   of   Fayette.    Hardeman.    Shelby 
and  Tipton. 

70801   El  Paso  

33649   Erath 

07000    Ifnlla 

Legislature. 
The  legislature  is  democratic  OB  joint  ballot. 
State  Officers. 
Governor  —  A.  H.  Roberts.  Dem. 
Secretary  of  State—  I.  B.  Stevens,  Dem. 
Treasurer—  Hill  McAlister.  Dem. 

TEXAS    (Population,   1917,   4,515,423). 

Counties.                 ,  President  1916  —  % 
Population       (253)                         Dem.     Rep.     Soc. 

Inl..,;.                                                                   V,,..«n.          Hu  he*.        benso 

30844  Anderson                     1984        501        187 

44801  Fannin  .        • 

19085  Fisher    

6549  Floyd    

8762  Foard    

19358  Fort  Bend  

9810  Franklin  

2il760  Freestone  

1°321  Frio 

2131  Gaines    

44744  Galveston    

3315   Garza 

10336  Gillespie  

1624   Andrews  71—3 

1769  Glasscock  

20789  Angelina              ..      1344          75        335 

11077  Golirfti        

2390  Aransaa                          179          24            6 

28055  Gonzales 

9458   Archer              527        104          34 

5540  Gray    

3759  Armstrong-             .        352          43             6 

67699   Grayson  .  . 

12092  Atascosa  ..                    635        119          44 

15452   Gregg1   

17699  Austin     ...                   960        673          10 

21205   Grimes   

537  Bailey                                  —           —           — 

27487  Guadalupe 

4507  Bandera    537        168          44 

11863  Hale    

25344   Bastrop   .  .      .     .      1335        550          21 

13102   Hall     

12322   Baylor                              711          47           74 

166°6   Hamilton 

15280  Bee  ..                             584        152          29 

1496  Hansford    

61851   Bell     .     .                      3615        356        162 

16745  Hardeman     

156360  Bexar                             7008      5483        187 

18713  Hardin 

4311  Blanco   .                          628        235           19 

153582  Harris  

1832   Borden                               84             1             3 

41158  Harrison        

20197  Bosque                         1561        379          73 

1969  Hartley 

40776  Bowia  1941        414        273 

26184  Haskell    

13299  Brazoria       .        ..      1033        581           80 

16521   Hays          

18963  Brazos                           1027        273             3 

4888  Hemphill 

7316  Brewster    .,                   207          43            7 

20247   Henderson   .. 

2826  Briscoe    260            4          22 

17565   Hidalgo  

4580  Brooks  .                          101           63             1 

50704   Hill 

27982   Brown                           1986        181        104 

204  Hockley 

18920  Burleson    1208            2        262 

10636  Hood    

10922  Burnet   913        115          23 

33°97  Hopkins    

26040  Oaldwell    .,                  1216        225          15 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


PvpuUtlon. 

13517  Howard 

\Vil3on. 

747 

Hughes. 

30 

Benson 

99 

Population.                                                           \Hlwn.         Hughe*.        Benson 

O^ljS  Runnels                        1487        195        133 

1152  Hudspeth   .. 

27564  Rusk                              1849        521        196 

48715   Hunt    

4242 

424 

155 

10177   Sabine                             681           22          54 

1321  Hutchinson  
1601   Irion          ..... 

114 
150 

28 
5 

6 
11 

13329   San  Aug-ustine   ..        682           18          51 
9542   San  Jacinto    .   ..          442        255             1 

12979  Jack      

862 

121 

115 

10909   San  Patricio    ....        594        130           65 

•    6746  Jackson 

403 

123 

65 

13927   San  Saba   ....               995           66          90 

906 

75 

41 

2898   Schleicher    163           10             1 

°063  Jeff  Davis 

234 

74 

1 

15862   Scurry                              994          40           78 

3082' 

488 

155 

5470   Shackleford   ..              378           51           36 

^745  Jim   Hog"g" 

187 

ill 

30781   Shelby                           1767        131        175 

10436  Jim  Wells 

335 

100 

35 

2304   Sherman  ..                    s!52           39             9 

30A0 

275 

170 

44939   Smith   2422        773        270 

36888  Jones 

1798 

114 

214 

4246   Somervell  278          20           84 

19513  Karnes 

889 

238 

5 

7603   Starr  ..                          516        115           — 

2780 

427 

172 

9084  Stephens  572          12        103 

48°0  Kendall 

232 

590 

5 

1760   Sterling-   205             6           — 

3937  Kent  
5413  K-irr    
3815  Kimble  
<1043   King-         

212 
6211 
223 

^47 

2 

272 

*t 

25 
30 
13 

7608   Stonewall  502          21        119 
1569  Sutton    130          13           — 
6045  Swisher  381          62          10 
149593  Tarrant   10269      1551        329 

4097  Kinney  
4319  Kleberg-   
14956  Knox  
46544  Lamar 

233 
427 
884 
3412 

201 
106 
64 
309 

7 
44 
105 
96 

37820  Taylor   2134        120        118 
1770  Terrell    181          59            2 
25113  Terry    146            1           — 
6616  Throckmorton  ...        330           10          76 

150 

14 

4 

19435  Titus   1164        189          95 

10194  Lampasas    
6530  LaSalle    
2641i8  Lavaca    
13132  Lee  

848 
340 
1784 
571 
Q7Q 

113 

40 
936 
836 
335 

31 
3 

241 
82 
16^ 

26073  Tom  Green  1243          92          63 
61631  Travis    3682        690          71 
14074  Trinity  906        156          91 
10250  Tyler  635          24          3.1 

22656  Upshur    .                     1346        198        121 

12573  Liberty     
36115  Limestone    
3980  Lipscomb  
4300  Live  Oak  
6520  Llano  

704 
2188 
350 
397 
716 

224 
225 
116 
119 

72 

82 
107 
47 
51 
23 

831  Upton    42            6           — 
16041  Uvalde  728          92          13 
11057  Valverde  446        135            5 
25774  Van   Zandt                  20^0        232        648 
15947  Victoria  897        476          35 
1624H   Walker  763        315           24 

6054  Lubbock    

633 
331 

34 
15 

27 
« 

12138   Waller    .,                       635        182            6 
3074  Ward    178          23            8 

10318  Madison    
H0472  Marion    
0407   MTrtin 

730 
445 
1°5 

120 
166 
14 

41 

2*3 

25561  Washing-ton    1119      1306            3 
22979  Webb    676        472           — 
24173   Wharton   948        351           85 

5763  Mason    
19066  Matag-orda    
5944  Maverick    

386 
748 
192 

157 
252 
246 

32 
79 
2 

8632  Wheeler    554          56          83 
23603  Wichita    2108        347          94 
16556  Wilbargrer    1242          99        116 
2468  Willacy   110          10 

20298  McCulloch    
83089  McLennan   

847 
4979 

61 
940 

117 

122 

*?V>61   Williamson    2701        656           80 
19331    Wilson  869        345          30 

1140  McMullen    
17526  Medina    
3°ll4  Mrnard    

758 
267 

650 

44 

26 
32 

719  Winkler  21          — 
26^50  Wise  2023        263            9 
251^6  Wood    1719        218        416 

36780  Milam    
11039  Mills    
13411  Mitchell    

2198 
6*0 
803 

576 
129 
39 

2SO 
106 
80 

10°0  Yo.?l:um  85            1             1 
18851   Young-  1175           71           71 
2972   Zapata   26        214 

25360  Montag-ne    
15679  Montgromsry  
817  Moore  

1803 
880 
103 

2A5 
179 
6 

242 
141 

Total    285124   64356   19135 

12060  Morris    
3226  Motley  

689 
393 

163 
9 

52 

Psr   cent  76.92  17.36     5.17 

29409  Nacog-docb.cs    .... 
49767  Navarro    
13453   Nc>wton   .. 

1766, 
3527 
493 

92 

294 
34 

141 

100 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
2,054  votes. 

18851   Nolan     

10A8 

91 

79 

For  United  States  Senator,   1918 

1RPO 

401: 

14° 

Morris  Sheppard,  Dem  248742 

2576  Oohiltree 

238 

41 

g 

J.  Webster  Flnnag-an,  Rep...                       36164 

11^1     OIHhpm 

118 

4° 

M.  A.  Smith    Soc    .  .                     1°  362 

12172  Orang-e    
24778  Palo  Pinto   

758 
1-131 

92 

124 

2^3 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

TMst-ict. 

20424  Panola     

1^28 

1°5 

71 

1.  Counties  of      Bowie,      Camp       Cass       Delta 

26702  Parker 

1707 

173 

240 

Franklin     Honkins     Lamar    Marion     Morris 

2666  Farmer    

194 

64 

10 

Red  River  and  Titus. 

2564  Pecos    . 

394 

96 

o 

E^g-cne   Black     D~m      .                                9  640 

19659  Polk 

918 

307 

0.13 

20165  Potter    

1288 

166 

99 

Harrison       Jasper      Jefferson      N^cogxioches 

6345  Presidio    .. 

2"5 

27 

Newton    Orang-°    Panola    Sabine    San  Aug"us- 

7268  Rains 

509 

71 

tin°    Shelby  and  Tyler    ' 

50°0   Randall 

341 

63 

6 

John   C     Bex     DTI                                       10  474 

578  Reag-an    . 

59 

2 

3.  Counties    of    GrQtrtr     Henderso'n"  ''Kaufman 

2077  Real         

OAO 

14 

25 

28564  Red  River 

20°1 

356 

141 

6250   Reeves    

3A6 

43 

5 

3670  Refugio   
1(189  Roberts    

408 
220 

232 

27 

47 

v     3 

and   Rains. 
Sam  Ravburn,   Dem  9758 

27454  Robertson 

1313 

218 

44 

8072  Rock-wall    

828 

27 

Hatton  W.  Summers.  'Dem.  ..                  ...6.964 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAS-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


0.  Counties  of  Brazos,  Freestone.  Hill,  Leon, 
Limestone.  Madison.  Milam,  Navarro  and 
Robertson. 

Rufus  Hardy.   Dem 11.396 

Charles  W.   Beck.   Rep 1.577 

7.  Counties    of    Anderson,    Chambers,    Galves- 
ton,    Houston,    Liberty,    Montgomery,    Polk, 
San  Jadnto,  Trinity  and  Walker. 

Clay  Stone  Briggs.  Dem 6.671 

8.  Counties  of  Fort  Bend,  Grimes,  Harris  and 
Waller. 

Joe  Henry  Eagle.  Dem 7.554 

9.  Counties    of    Brazoria.    Calhoun,    Colorado, 
Dewitt,    Fayette,    Goliad,    Gpnzales,    Jackson, 
Lavaca.    Matagorda,    Refugio,    Victoria    and 
Wharton. 

Joseph  JT.  Mansfield,  Dem 8,696 

10.  Counties     of     Austin,     Bastrop,     Burleson. 
Caldwell.  Hays.  Lee.  Travis,  Washington  and 
Williamson. 

James  P.  Buchanan,  Dem 8.576 

11.  Counties    of    Bell,    Bosque,    Coryell,    Falls, 
.    Hamilton  and  McLennan. 

Tom     Connally,     Dem 9.304 

12.  Counties  of  Erath,  Hood.  Johnson,  Parker, 
Somervell  and  Tarrant. 

James    C.    Wilson,     Dem 9,307 

13.  Counties   of   Archer.    Baylor.    Clay.    Cooke, 
Denton,      Jack.      Montague,      Throckmorton, 
Wichita,   Wilbarger.  Wise  and  Young. 
Lucian  W.  Parrish.  Dem 9.700 

14.  Counties   of   Aransas.    Bee.    Bexar.   Blanco, 
Comal,   Guadalupe.   Karnes,  Kendall.   Nueces. 
San  Patricio  and  Wilson. 

Carlos  Bee.   Dem 8.038 

John    D.    Hartman,    Rep 3.717 

15.  Counties    of    Atascosa,    Brooks,    Cameron. 
Dimmit.  Duval.  Frio.  Hidalgo.  Jim  Hogg,  Jim 
Wells,    Kinney.    Kleberg.    Lasalle,    Live   Oak. 
Maverick.    M'cMullen.  Medina.   Starr.   Uvalde. 


TilJacy,  Zapata  and  Zavalla. 

John  "Nance    Garner,    Dem 6,814 

16.  Counties  of  Andrews.  Bandera.  Brewster. 
Coke.  Crane.  Crockett.  Culberson.  Ector.  Ed- 
wards, El  Paso.  Gillcspie.  Glasscock.  Howard. 
Hudspeth.  Iripn.  J^ff  Davis.  Kerr.  Kimble. 
Loving1.  Martin.  M 


ason.     Menard.     Midland, 
.     Presidio.     Reagan.     Real. 
Reeves.    Schleicher,  Sterling1,    Button,  Terrell. 
Valverde.     Ward 


Mitchell,     Pecos. 


J.C11. 

Tom    Green.    Upton.     Valverde.     Ward     and 

Winkler. 

C.  B.   Hudsoeth.   Dem 6,211 

17.  Counties  of  Brown.  Burnet.  Callahan.  Cole- 
man,     Comanche.     Concho,     Eastland.     Jones, 
Lampasas.    Llano,    McCulloch,    Mills,    Nolan. 
Palo  Pinto.  Runnels.  San  Saba,  Shackelford, 
Stephens  and  Taylor. 

James  L.   Blanton.   Dem 11.212 

18.  Counties    of    Armstrong,     Bailey.     Borden. 
Bri?coe.    Cnrson.    Castro.    Childress,    Cochran. 
Collinsworth,  Cottle.  Crosby.  Dallam.  Dawson. 
Deaf   Smith.   D  ckens,   Donley.   Fisher.   Floyd. 
Foard.  Gaines.  Garza.  Gray.  Hale.  Hall.  Hans- 
ford.    Haoxleman,  Hartley,   Haskell,   Hemphill, 
Hockley,      Hutchinson.      Kent.     King.     Knox. 
Lamb.     Lipscomb,     Lubbock,     Lynn,     Moore, 
Motley.    Oohiltree.    Oldham.    Farmer.    Potter. 
Randall.    Roberts.     Scurry,    Sherman,    Stone- 
wall. Swi?her.  Terry.  Wheeler  and  Yoakum. 

Marvin     Jones,     Dem 10,479 

Hugh  E.  Exum.  Rep 513 

Legislature.  Spnate.House.  J.B. 

Democrats    31        142        173 

Republican    j.  1 

State  Officers.   (All  democrats.) 
Governor — W.  P.  Hobby. 
Lieutenant-Governor — W.  A.  Johnson. 
Treasurer— J«hn  W.  Baker. 
Com.  General  Land  Office — J.  T.  Robison. 
Attorney-General— C.  M.  Cureton. 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture — Fred  Davis. 

UTAH    (Population,  1917,  443,866). 

Counties.  ^President   1916— ^ 

f.pnUHon       (29)  Dem.     Rep.    Soc. 

fa  1917.  Wilson.       Hughes.      Benson 

10729  Box   Elder".'!          '.',  2954     2414        34 


Population. 

26655 
11266 

11792 
6564 
8278 
3848 
1920 
4215 

11155 
1652 
6438 
2775 
1734 
1883 
170626 
3366 

16988 

10741 
8200 
8335 
7483 

41946 
5406 
5495 
1749 

42434 


. 

Cache  5314 

Carbon  1472 

Daggett  — 

Davis  2124 

Duchesne  1450 

Emery   1401 

Garfield     ,  843 

Grand     307 

Iron     1151 

Juab     2214 

Kane     327 

Millard     1781 

Morgan    484 

Piute    419 

Rich 456 

Salt    Lake    30682 

San    Juan    445 

Sanpete     3385 

Sevier     -2031 

Summit    1495 

Tooele     1531 

Uinta     1459 

Utah    8203 

Wasatch     881 

Washington    1397 

Wayne     393 

Weber    8139 


3757        75 
1291     147 


1644 

685 

879 

517 

212 

829 

1247 

304 

1299 

464 

268 

323 

17637 

213 

2910 

1722 

1190 

1125 

712 

5202 

818 

701 

223 

4704 


22 

410 

88 

16 

19 

76 

151 

14 

94 

8 

65 

1778 

15 

78 

67 

240 

113 

94 

410 

14 

4 

9 


Total    84025  54136  4460 

Plurality     29889 

Per    cent    58.84    37.92    3.18 

Total  vote   142770 

^  For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
149  votes. 

For  president  in  1912  Taft.  Rep.,  received 
42.100  votes;  Wilson,  Dem.,  36.579-  Roose- 
velt, Progr.,  24,174;  Debs,  Soc.,  9,027. 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Beaver.  Box  Elder,  Cache.   Carbon.   Duchesne, 
Emery,     Grand,     Garfield.     Iron.     Juab,     Kane, 
Millard.   Morgan,   Piute.   Rich,    San  Juan.    San- 
pete.   Sevier,    Summit.   Uinta,   Wasatch,   Wash- 
ington.  Wayne  and  Weber. 

Milton  H.    Welling,    Dem 25327 

Wattis,    Rep '.^TS 

Keer.   Soc 347 

2.  Davis,   Salt  Lake,  Tooele  and  Utah. 

James  H.  Mays,   Dem.-Prog 23.93* 

Spry,  Rep 16.134 

Kempton,  Soc 721 

Legislature.  Senate.House.J.B. 

Dem.-Prog 16          44          60 

Republicans    4—4 

State  Officers. 

Governor— Simon  Bamberger,  Dem. 
Secretary  of  State— Hardin  Bennion,  Dem. 
Treasurer— Daniel  O.  Larson.   Dem. 
Attorney-General— Dan  B.   Shields. 

VERMONT     (Population,    1917,    364,946). 

Counties.  ^-President  1916-^ 

o?ui.tion      (14)  Rep.     Dem.  Soc. 

in  1917.  H<i-lKi         Wi'g-m  Benwn 

20010  Addison  2765  874  ill 

21378  Bennington  2602  1590  83 

27235  Caledonia  3024  1887  24 

44524  Chittenden 3786  2772  43 

7384  Essex  734  544  7 

29866  Franklin  2796  2107  11 

3761  Grand  Isle  407  434  3 

12801  Lamoille  1474  643  27 

18703  Orange  2151  1379  51 

24296  Orleans  2758  1047  7 

51007  Rutland  5926  2785  84 

45422  Washington  4216  2732  335 

27130  Windham  3375  1698  42 

34743  Windsor  4236  2216  70 


Total     40250  22708  798 

Plurality    17542 

Per    cent    62.45    35.231.23 

Total    vote    64465 


840 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  reoeired 
709  votes. 

For  president  in  1912,  Taft,  Rep.,  received 
23.305  votes:  Roosevelt,  Prog.,  22,070:  Wil- 
•on,  Dem..  15,350;  Chafln,  Pro.,  1,154. 

For   United  States  Senator.  191V. 

Carroll    S.    Page,    Rep 47,362 

Oscar   C-    Miller   Dem 14,956 

N.   E.   Greenslet,  Soc 1,366 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  Counties   of   Addison.    Bennington,    Chittenden, 
Franklin.   Grand   Isle.   Lamoille  and   Rutland. 

Frank  L.  Greene,  Rep 16,309 

John  Biggins.  Dem 5,179 

2.  Counties  of  Caledonia,  Essex,  Orange,  Orleans, 
Washington.    Windham    and    Windsor. 

Porter  H.  Dale,  Rep 16,145 

J.  B.  Reardon,  Dem 5,618 

For  Governor,  1918. 

Percival  W.  Clement.  Rep 28,358 

William  B.  Mayo,  Dem 13.859 

Legislature.  Senate.House.  J.B. 

Republicans  30         220         350 

Democrats    26  26 

Independent  11 

State  Officen.  (All  republicans.) 

Governor — Percival  W.  Clement. 

Lieutenant-Governor—Mason  S.  Stone. 

Treasurer— Walter  F.   Scott. 

Secretary  of  State— Harry  A.  Black. 

Auditor — Benjamin   Gates. 


VIRGINIA    (Population.  1917. 

Counties. 

tsffi-  (118) 

39628  Accomac   

25868  Albemarle  

17939  Alexandria  city 

11791  Alexandria  

0.5212  Alleghany  

8490  Amelia  

19712  Amherst  

8352  Appomattox  

33700  Augusta 

7226  Bath  

29549  Bedford  

5154  Bland 

18140  Botetourt  

7465  Bristol  city  

19995  Brunswick  

14263  Buchanan  

15204  Bucking-ham  

3870  Buena  Vista  city  

26624  Campbell  

16596  Caroline  

22439  Carroll  

5409  Charles  City  

16108  Charlotte  

12020  Charlottesville  city  

18197  Chesterfield  

7468  Clarke    

7330  Clifton  Forge  city 

5016  Craig  

13472  Culpeper  

9340  Cumberland  

20183  Danville  city  

10260  Dickenson  

15491  Dinwiddie  

22513  Elizabeth  City  

9105  Essex  

21154  Fairfax  

22526  Fauquier  

14092  Floyd  

8323  Fluvanna  

26864  Franklin  

12787  Frederick  

6461  Fredericksburg1  city 

12230  Giles  

12477  Gloucester  

9237  Goochland  

S2048  Grayson  

7464  Greene  

13447  Greenesville  

42122  Halifax  


2,213,035). 

-Prr-s.  1916-^ 


§f! 


900 
*?? 


Population. 

16S97 

16439 

18459 

6317 

16264 
3624 
6779 
9802 
8669 
10337 
26746 
21167 
16621 
13564 
33497 
10055 
9419 
30711 
9313 
18300 
29665 
17365 
4682 
22622 
91148 
49686 
18790 
11455 
14262 
14152 
14404 
18501 
25817 
64154 
40693 
6099 
14266 
40000 
11769 
12691 
19171 
4828 
8044 
158702 
7653 
46282 
20742 
21171 
35905 
27446 
24630 

65 
28823 
10441 
8070 
11823 
10623 
14817 
260S5 
8589 
4880 
35627 
9363 
6376 
44751 
20372 
7957 


Wilson. 
760 
690 
851 
370 
24 
679 
127 
223 
271 
342 
461 

1287 


22< 


Hanover  , 

Henrico  

Henry 

Highland  

Hopewell  c  ty  , 

Isle  of  Wight 

James  City  

King1  George  

King-  and  Queen , 

King  William  

Lancaster  

Lee  

Loudoun  '.'.'..'.'.'.  1490 

Louisa     710 

Lunenburg    814 

Lynchburg  city   1465 

Madison    572 

Mathews    549 

Mecklenburg    1317 

Middlesex   373 

Montgomery    765 

Nansemond   663 

Nelson    1063 

New  Kent 192 

Newport  N?ws  city 939 

Norfolk  city   3234 

Norfolk    1612 

Northampton   802 

Northumberland   503 

Nottoway    608 

Orange    608 

Page    842 

Patrick   872 

Petersburg  city 1155 

Pittsylvania   2012 

Portsmouth  city  1368 

Powhatan     233 

Prince  Edward  668 

Prince  George 258 

Princess    Anne 515 

Prince  William   754 

Pulaski   1057 

Radford  city    206 

Rappahannock    401 

Richmond  city 6987 

Richmond    ' 329 

Roanoke  city  2246 

Roanoke    850 

Rockbridge    1049 

Rockingham    1650 

Russell 1570 

Scott    1319 

Shenandoah 1440 

Smyth    1134 

Southampton    1045 

Spotsylvania    398 

Stafford   444 

Stauntou  city   511 

Surry    430 

Sussex    486 

Tazewell    1108 

Warren    583 

Warwick    97 

Washington    1863 

Westmoreland   338 

Winchester  city 468 

Wise  1468 

Wythe    1334 

York   ,  247 


Hughe* 
102 

140 
667 
31O 

140- 


127 

119 

68 

1569 


110 

353 

348 

90 

222 


69 
465 
963 
684 
109 


153 
613 
815 
161 


112 

108 

31 

192 
721 


1210 

180 

610 

460 

601 

1322 

1410 

1743 

1425 

1321 

128 

249 

422 

311 


1591 


1717 

126 

196 

1862 

1370 

61 


Total    102824  49358 

Plurality 53466 

Percent ' 66.76    32.07 

Total    vote 153994 

For  president  in  1916  Benson.  Soc..  received 
1,062  votes:  Hanly.  Pro..  683,  and  Reimer. 
Soc.-Lab..  67.  • 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Thomas  S.  Martin,  Dem « 40,403 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 
1.  The  counties  of  Accomac,  Caroline,  Elizabeth 
City,  Essex,  Gloucester,  Hampton,  King  and 
Queen,  Lancaster,  Mathews.  Middlesex.  North- 
ampton, Northumberland,  Richmond,  Spottsyl- 
vania,  Warwick.  Westmoreland.  York  and 
cities  of  Newport  News  and  Fredericksburg. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


341 


8.   O.    Bland.   Dem 4.835 

2.  The    counties    of    Isle    of    Wight.    Nansemond, 
Norfolk     Princess  Anne,  Southampton  arid  cities 
of  Norfolk,   Portsmouth  and  Suffolk. 

Edward  E.   Holland.   Dem 3.420 

3.  The    counties    of    Charles     City,     Chesterfield, 
Goochland.      Hanover,     Henrlco.     James     City. 
King   Willinm.    New   Kent   and   cities   of  Rich- 
mond  and   Williamsburg. 

Andrew  J.  Montague,  Dem 3.073 

4.  Thi   counties  of  Amelia.  Brunswick,  Dinwiddie, 
Greeiiesville,    Lunenburg.     Mecklenburg.     Notto- 
way.  Powhatan.  Prince  Edward,  Prince  George. 
Surrey    Sussex  and  city  of  Petersburg. 
Walter  A.  Watson.   Dem 2.506 

6.  Counties      of     Carroll.      Charlotte,      Franklin. 

Grayson,  Halifax.   Henry,   Patrick,   Pittsylvauia 

and   the  city  of  Danville. 

E.  W.  Saunders,  Dem .3.880 

6.  Counties  of  Bedford.  Campbell.  Floyd.  Mont- 

eomery.    Roanoke    and    the    cities    of    Radford, 

Ronnoke    and   Lynchburg. 

Carter  Glass,  Dem .. 2.705 

7  The  counties  of  Albemarle,  Clarke.  Frederick, 
'Greene.  Madison.  Pace,  Rappahannoek.  Rocking- 

ham     Shenar.doah.    Warren    and    the    cities    of 

Charlottesville.    Winchester    and    Harrisonburg. 

Thomas   W.   Harrison.   Dem ....3.767 

8.  The  counties  of  Alexandria.  Culpeper,  Fairfax. 
Fauquier,    King   George,    Loudoun,    Louisa.    Or- 
ange. Prince  William.  Stafford  and  the  city  of 
Alexandria. 

E.  C.  Carlin,   Dem 4.»U 

9.  The  counties  of  Bland.   Buchanan.   Dickenson, 
Giles.     Lee.     Pulaski.     Russell,     Scott,     Smyth. 
Tazewell.    Washington.    Wise,   Wythe   and   the 
city  of  Bristol. 

C.  Bascom  Slemp.  Rep - 8,089 

10.  The   counties    of   Alleghany,    Amherst.    Appo- 
mattox.     Augusta.     Bath,    Botetourt,    Bucking- 
ham,   Craig.    Cumberland,   Fluvanna.   Highland, 
Nelson,    Rockbridge    and    the    cities    of    Buena 
Vista.    Staunton    and    Clifton    Forge. 

H.  D.  Flood.  Dem 4.699 

Legislature.  Senate.House.  J.B. 

Democrats    36          88         124 

Republicans  4          12 


Democratic    majority 32          76 

State  Officers.     (All  democrats.) 
Governor — Westmoreland  Davis. 
Lieutenant-Governor — B.  F.   Buchanan. 
Attorney-General— John  R.  Saunders. 
Secretary   of  Commonwealth — B.   O.  James. 
Treasurer — Charles  A.   Johnston. 
Auditor— C.  Lee  Mocre. 


1C8 


WASHINGTON  (Pop.,  1917. 

Coimties. 

million    (39) 


15359 

7631 

11806 

23261 

7595 

35383 

7042 

15980 

14111 

4974 

8559 

4403 

13302 

50530 

6774 

10253 

412077 

25589 

25027 

15142 

44514 

21606 

6137 

18871 


Adams 

Asotin 

Benton 

Chelan 

Clallam 

Clarke 

Columbia 

Cowlitz 

Douglas 

Ferry 

Franklin 

Garfield 

Grant 

Grays   Harbor 

Island 

Jefferson 

King- 

Kitsap 

Kittitas 

Klickitat 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Mason 

Okanogran 


1,597,400) . 

^-Pres.  1916-^ 
Dem. 


1287 
1125 
1298 
2757 
1328 
3720 
1156 
1280 
1914 

908 
1105 

722 
1555 
4978 

854 

8H4 
52246 
3496 
2505 
1470 
4321 
2816 

780 
2882 


1235 

992 

1411 

3004 

1455 

4413 

1144 

2107 

1124 

580 

671 

843 

1207 

4987 

802 

1090 

38679 

2630 

2286 

1552 

§161 
354 
759 
1881 


Population. 

17312 

7655 

168476 

4095 

40168 

3761 

84946 

199160 

28412 

23168 

3625 

41604 

68048 

39062 

62043 


Pacific     .................  2662 

Pend    d'Oreille    .....  915 

Pierce     .................  16737 

San  Juan   ...............  586 

Skagit      ................  4120 

Skamania  ..............  484 

Snohomish  .............  8598 

Spokane     ...............  19475 

Stevens    ................  2677 

Thurston     ..............  3209 

Wahkiakum    ...........  489 

Walla   Walla    ........  4403 

Whatcom    ..............  7597 

Whitman     ..............  4927 

Yakima   ................  7153 


1539 
1081 

18943 

005 

4927 

453 

8398 

21305 
3181 
2666 
340 
4421 
5636 
5866 
6116 


Total     166399  182993 

Per    cent     44.74       49.19 

Plurality     16594. 

Total    vote    371936 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro.,  received 
6.868  votes;  Benson,  Soc..  received  22,544 
votes. 

For  Representatives  in  Congress,  1918. 

1.  City  of  Seattle  and  Kitsap  county. 

John  F.  Miller.  Rep 23.326 

J.  M.  Hawthorne.  Dem ..20488 

Hulet  M.  Wells.   Soc 

2.  Counties    of   Clallam.    Island.    Jefferson,    King 
(outside  Seattle),  San  Juan,  Skagit,  Snohomish 
and  Whatcom. 

Lindley  H.  Hadley.   Rep 19,797 

Joseph   A.   Sloan,   Dem 15059 

James   M.    Salter.    Soc 2045 

3.  Counties    of    Clarke,    Cowlitz.    Grays    Harbor. 
Lewis,      Mason,      Pacific,      Pierce,      Skamania, 
Thurston    and   Wahkiakum. 

Albert  Johnson,   Rep ..29.178 

Theodore  Moss.    Dem 12407 

O.   T.    Clark.    Soc 2.243 

4.  Counties  of  Adams,   Asotin,  Bonton    Columbia, 
Franklin.    Garfield,    Grant,    Kittitrs,    Klickitat, 
Walla   Walla,    Whitman  and  Yakima. 

John   W.    Summers.    Rep 17.439 

William    E.    McOroskey,    Dem 13.335 

Walter  Price,   Soc 778 

5.  Counties   of  Chelan.    Douglas.    Ferry.    Lincoln, 
Okanooran,   Pend  d'Oreille,  Spokane  and  Stevens. 

J.    Stanley  Webster,   Rep 22.426 

C.    C.    Dill.    Dem 20.061 

Legislature.  Senate.Honse.J.B. 

Republicans     39  87         126 

Democrats    3          10          13 

State  Officers. 
Governor —  ( Vacancy. ) 
Lieutenant-Governor      (Acting     Governor)— 

Louis  F.  Hart.  Rep. 
Secretary  of  State— I.   M.  Howell.   Rep. 
State  Treasurer— W.  W.    Sherman.   Rep.. 
Attorney-General — L.   L.   Thompson,  Rep. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  (Pop. 

Counties.  f 

Population       (55) 
in  1917. 

17070  Barbour  

23845  Berkeley  

11890  Boone  

26030  Braxton 

13930  Brooke  

59409  Cabell  

11981  Calhoun  

11683  Clay  

12672  Doddridgre  

66441  Fayette  

11379  G:lmer  

8250  Grant  

27862  Greenbrier 

11694  Hampshire  

13220  Hancock  

9684  Hardy  

63484  Harrison 

20956  Jackson  


1917,  1,412,602). 

-President  1916 — .. 
Rep.    Soc. 

HuZ'  M.  - 

2083 
2802 


Dem. 

Wileon. 

1848 
2938 
1397 
2957 
1261 
6448 
1317 
1047 
1061 
5377 
1695 
391 
3170 
2181 

ill 

2032 


842 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Population.                                                           V  ilson.        Hughtg.        Benson 

15889  Jefferson  2544        1181        44 
100992  Kanawha   10276      10096      598 
19231   Lewis                             2248        2263      102 

State  Officers. 

Governor—  John  J.  Cornwell.  Dem. 
Secretary—  Houston  Golf  Young,  Rep. 

24183  Lincoln   2113        2104        59 
19966  Logan  3270        2107        62 
§349  Marion  5493        4443      443 

Treasurer  —  William  S.  Johnson,  Rep. 

727  M'arshall                      2997        3699     229 

WISCONSIN    (Population,  1917,  2,537,167). 

019  Mason    2336        2454     101 
49574  Mercer  4836       4788        55 
19442  Mineral    .                    1747        1965        79 

Counties.                 ,  President  1916  N 
Prur     (71)                           Dem.      ^y.     ^oc. 

25322  Ming-o    2472        2223        10 

28192  Monong^ha   ..           2227        3412     297 

03-771  Ashhmd  ..      ...      1582        1998        187 

13055  Monroe    ..                    1609        1584          8 

33083  BaFron     ...             1863        2746        138 

8253  Morgan    .                        666        1208        30 

171^1   Bavfleld                        996        1320        226 

69105  McDowell     .       ..      3692        7086       26 

£q747  Brown                    .      5771        4132        220 

22295  Nicholas    2467        2050       69 

16006  BUS*::::       1043    1492     eK 

64541   Ohio    6074        7349     509 

10156    Burnett    .                    638        1007        169 

9482  Pendleton   1276          888          9 

16701  Calumet    .                1382        1979          76 

8074  Pleasants      899          876          7 

S7642  Chippewa                  2233       3324          71 

19241  Pocahontas    1849       1550       53 

33159  Clark         1614        3371        130 

28979  Preston                        1694        3838     105 

<:511S5  Columbia                   2°99        3395           82 

19503  Putnam  ..                  1837        1925     131 

1  fV'Sft  Crawford                    1764        1883          34 

35264   Raleigh     3319        3791      151 

^75  Dane                            9859        6931        192 

32127  Randolph   3024        2165     253 

48U'-3  Dodge           4519       4887        112 

17875  Ritchie    .              .     1657        2225        89 

1QV34   Door                              1204        1656           39 

22776  Roane    ..                       2186        2406        38 

fi^ll  Doug-las"                  2940        3007        801 

19991   Summers       .  .            2389        1781        24 

254*0  :                                     1447        2556        171 

17703  Taylor                     ..   1672        2002        87 

:^477  EaS  Claire  2290        2922        187 

29502  Tucker                         1388        1531     158 

^^1  ^    "Flnrpnp^                               162             412                 9 

16211   Tyler  1336        1900        68 
18039  Upshur  ..                   1019       2553        68 

54545  FonTduLac.::      5021        5781        128 
1  071  ^  "Pnrpst                             637           738           17 

24418  Wayne   2989        2215       43 

39099  G?ant     .'.'.'      3459       4718          72 

10276  Webster                       15l3          854        14 

*>1  £54.  1     Prppn                                 1687          24°2             66 

24567  Wetzel                         2797        1910        77 

^4Q1    CreeS   Lake""      1352        1647          34 

9047  Wirt  ..                          1072          951        12 

^497  Iowa              2230       2271          20 

40590   Wood                        ,      4817        4521      142 

^Q^Q   Trrvn                 "'I'         475            6?2            43 

11860  Wyoming    1199        1484          7 

17075  Jackson    963       1866 

Total                ...140403  143124  6150 

34306  Jefferson  3o45       xXx«        i£J? 
19569  Juneau                       1442        2292        109 

Plurality                                      2721 

4.1  11Q   TC>nn<=ha                        2816        3537        501 

Per   cent                .    48.46      49.44    2.10 

16784  Kewaunee"'""      2011        1104          17 

Total  vote  289677 

44794  LaCrosse    4123       3597       278 

20075  Lafayette    2059       2544          19 

°0352  "L,an"-lade                    1755        1538           81 

Hep*     56  667**  Debs    Soc*    15336  and  6liafi.ii' 

21104  Lfncoln  ..'.'.'....      1282        2189        100 

Pro.','  4,534.   ' 

46960  Manitowoc    4338       4224       469 
63665   Marathon          ..      3677        5838        607 

For  United  States  Senator,  1916. 

35994  Marinette  2205        2767        145 

W    E    Chilton    Dem  138,585 

10909  Marquette    923        1377          15 

For  Representatives  in  Congress  1918. 

508496  Milwaukee     ....  34812     27821  Io94. 
29448  Monroe   1991        3013        123 
29146  Oconto                        1892        2570           70 

>>•  VAiunties    o  *i    xiaiicycK,    JSTOOKC,    vjiiiu,    u.idr 

13300  Oneida                        1054        1089        254 

Charles  J.  Schuck.   Rep  15.330 

51185  Outagamie    4442        5302        164 
17677  Ozaukee  1577        1610          51 

I.  Counties   of   Monongalia.    Preston.   Barbour, 

7577  Pepin    622          766 
2^079  Pierce   ..                    1650        1945          73 

Randolph.  Tucker.  Pendleton,  Grant,  Hardy, 

23969  Polk    1713        2080       196 

Mineral,   Hampshire,   Morgran,  Berkeley  and 

S^OIS  Portage   ..                3000        2520          71 

Jefferson 

17017  price     .                       1049        1620        147 

George  M.  Bowers.  Rep  18,444 

60023  Racine  5081        4495        606 
18809  Richland                     1845        2051           89 

9.  Counties    of    Ritchie,    Doddridge.    Harrison, 

58702  Rock    4015        7011        224 
13086  Rusk           926          989        115 

Calhoun,    Gilmer,    Lewis.    Upshur,    Braxton, 

25910  St    Croix.,  2352        2731        178 

Clay,  Nicholas  and  Webster. 

Qoefjo   Rauk                            2257        3779          43 

Stuart  F    Reed    Rep                                 19  414 

8150  Sawyer  ..                    562          550          52 

Ernest   Randolph     D2m                            16  254 

35101   Shawano    ......      1367        3415        131 

4.  Counties   of   Tyler,    Pleasants,    Wood.    Wirt. 
Jackson,  Roane.  Mason.  Putnam  and  Cabell. 
S    H    Bowman,  Dem  22,855 

58204  Sheboygan    3885        5562        983 
15378  Taylor    845        Io44        135 
22928  Trempealeau   ...     1578        2138 
28116  Vernon                       1830        2912          49 

Harry  C.  Woodyard,  Rep  19,679 

6813  Vilas                             467          531          82 

°9874  Walworth    2440        3988           58 

o.  v./ounties   uivv  a.  ne,  .Lincoln,  J.YLIIJ&O,   j-jOban, 

10147  Wa=hburn    644           938           78 

Monroe. 
W   W.  McNeal    Dem  16368 

23936  Washington    ...      2732        2892          76 
38464  Waukesha    4192        3768        151 

Wells  Goodykoontz,   Rep  19,304 

(J.  Counties  of  Kanawha.  Boone,  Raleigh,  Fay- 
ette,  Greenbrier  and  Pocahontas. 

21012  Waushara    lOlo                          7o 
64956   Winnebag-o  5242        5923       406 
34026  Wood                           2625        2954        200 

L.  S.  Echols,  Rep  19.851 

Militia  vote  1090       1087 

Adam  B.  Littlepage,  Dem  18.018 
Legislature.               Senate.  House.  J.B. 
Republicans                                         20        42        62 

Total    .          ...193042   221323   27802 

I^ILS  :::.v.:  ^.m  *&*$k   6.19 

Total   vote  449333 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK 


343 


For  president  in  1916  Hanly,  Pro.,  received 
7.168  votes. 

For  president  in  1912  Wilson,  Dem.,  received 
164.228  votes:  Chafin.  Pro.,  8.586;  Taft.  Rep.. 
130.695;  Debs.  Soc.,  33.481:  Roosevelt.  Pros., 
62.460:  Reimer.  Soc.-Lab..  522. 

Fcr  United  State*  Senator,  1918. 
April  2.  to  fill  vacancy. 

Irvine   L.   Lenroot,    Rep 163,983 

Joseph  B.   Davies.    Dem 148,923 

Victor    Berger,    Soc 110,487 

A.  J.  Benjamin,  Pro 233 

For  Representatives  in  Congress.  1918. 

1.  Counties  of  Kenosha.  Racine,  Rock,  Walworth 
and  Waukesha. 

Calvin.  Stewart,  Dem 6,295 

Clifford  B.    Randall.   Rep 11.418 

Samuel   B.   Walkup,    Soc 3,197 

Henry  Allen  Cooper.  Ind 10.245 

».  Counties  of  Columbia.  Dodge.  Jefferson.  Ozau- 
kee.  Sheboygan  and  Washington. 

John    Clifford,    Dem 12,532 

Edward  B.   Voigt,   Rep 15.289 

Oscar  Ameringer,    Soc 6,936 

8.  Counties  of  Crawford.  Dane,  Grant,  Green, 
Iowa.  Lafayette  and  Richland. 

James   G.   Monahan,  Rep 18,398 

Ernest  N.  Warner.  Ind 4,o97 

Edward  J.  Reynolds.  Ind 2.232 

4.  The  3d.  4th.  5th.  8th.  llth.  12th.  14th.  16th.  17th. 
23d  and  24th  wards  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee, 
towns  of  Wauwatoga.  Greenfield.  Franklin.  Oak 
Creek  and  Lake;  village  of  West  Milwaukee 
and  cities  of  West  Allis.  South  Milwaukee. 
Cudahy  and  Wauwatosa,  all  in  Milwaukee 
county. 

John   G.   Klecaka.   Rep 16,524 

Edmund   Meliiis.    Soc 11,890 

B.  The    1st,    2d.    6th.    7th.    9th.    10th.    13th.    15th. 
18th.    19th.    20th.    21at.    22d   and    25th    wards   of 
the  city  of  Milwaukee ;  towns  of  Granville  and 
Milwaukee,    and    villages   of   North   Milwaukee. 
East  Milwaukee  and  Whitefish  Bay. 

Joseph  P.   Carney,   Dem 12,450 

William  H.   Stafford,   Rep 10.678 

Victor  L.  Berger,  Soc 17.920 

I.  Counties  of  Calumet.  Fond  du  Lnc,  Grern 
Lake.  Manitowoc,  Marquette  and  Winnebago. 
To  fill  vacancy— 

Bondeul  A.    Husting.   Dem 10.621 

Florlan  Lampert.    Rep 12,363 

G.  H.  Thompson,   Boc 7,009 

General  election — 

Bondeul  A.    Busting.   Dem 10,856 

Byron  E.  Van  Keuren,  Pro 318 

Florian  Lampert.   Rep 12.723 

G.  H.  Thompson.  Soc 6,737 

7.  Counties  of  Adams.  Clark.  Jackson,  Juneau, 
LaOrosse.  Monroe.  Sank  and  Vernon. 

Arthur  A.   Bentley.  Dem 6.109 

Oliver  Needham.    Pro 501 

John  J.  Esch.  Rep 16.140 

I.  Counties  of  Marathon.  Portage,  Shawano, 
Waupaca.  Waushara  and  Wood. 

John  W.  Brown.  Dem 6,862 

Edward    E.    Browne.    Rep 13755 

Leo  Kraycki,  Soc 5.904 

t.  Counties  of  Brown.  Door.  Florence,  Forest. 
Kewaunee.  Langlade.  Marinette.  Oconto  and 
Outagamie. 

Andrew  R.  McDonald.  Dem 10.702 

David  G.   Classon,   Rep 16,352 

10.  Counties  of  Barron,  Buffalo,  Chippewa.  Dunn, 
«au  Claire,  Pepin,  Pierce.  St.  Croix  and  Trem- 
pealeau. 

James  A.  Prear,  Rep 16.900 

William  H.  Frawley,  Ind 1,814 


11.  Counties      or      Ashland,      Bayfield,      Burnett, 
Douglas,    Iron.    Lincoln,    Oneida,    Polk,     Price, 
Rusk,   Sawyer.  Taylor,  Vilas  und  Washburn. 
To  fill  vacancy — 

Adolphus  P.  Nelson,   Rep 15.769 

J.  P.  Jenson.  Soc 168 

General  election — 

Adolphus  P.   Nelson,  Bep 16,418 

John  P.  Jenson,  Soc 2.97« 

Legislature.  Scnate.House.  J.B. 

Republicans     27         77        104 

Democrats     2  6  7 

Socialists    4         17          21 

State  Officers .      (All  republicans.) 
Governor — Emanr.el  L.    PhJlipp. 
Lieutenant-Governor — Edward  F.  Dithmar. 
Secretary  of  State— Merlin  Hull. 
State  Treasurer — Henry  Johnson. 
Attorney-General — John  J.  Elaine. 
Superintendent  of  Schools — Charles  P.   Cary. 

WYOMING    (Population,  *1915,  141,705). 

Counties.  ^-President  1916-> 

population     (21)  Rep.     Dem.     Soc. 

in  i\ilb.  Hath"!. 

8194  Albany   1313 

6815  Biff  Horn  123£ 

2316  Campbell    44f 

8412  Carbon    121r, 

3626  Converse    766 

E117  Crook    848 
633  Fremont    1407 

5035  Goshen    770 

3191  Hot  Springs 623 

3238  Johnson   814= 

14631  Laramio    2428 

13581  Lincoln    1426 

5398  Natrona   912 

3488  Niobrara    533 

3473  Park   1093 

5277  Platte    808 

15429  Sheridan   1914 

10642  Sweetwater    1287     1 

6031  Uinta    822 

1744  Washak  e 344 

4414  Weston    791 

519  Yellowstone  Nat.  pk. 

(part)     — 


1295 
455 
734 


Total    21698  28316  1453 

Plurality    6618 

Per    cent 41.66    54.62       2.8 

Total   votp 51840 

•State  census  1915;  no  estimate  made. 
For   president   in    1912  Taft,   R«p.,    received 
14.560  votes;  Wilson,  Dem..  15,310;  Roosevelt, 
Prog.,  9,232.  and  Debs,  Soc..  2.760. 

For  president  in  1916  Hanly.  Pro.,  received 
373  votes. 

For  United  States  Senator,  1918. 

Francis   E.    W-irren.    Rep 23.975 

John  E.   Osborne,   Dem 17,528 

For  Representative  in  Congress.  1918. 

Frank   W.    Mondell.   Rep 26.244 

Ilayden  M.   White.   Dem 14.639 

For  Governor,  1918. 

Robert  D.   Carey.   Rep 23.725 

Frank   L.    Houx.    Dem 18.640 

Legislature.  Senate.Honse.  J.B. 

Republicans    17          43  W 

Democrats    10          11          21 

State  Officers. 

Governor— Robert  D.  Carey.  Rep. 

Secretary  of  State— W.  E.  Chaplin.  Rep. 

Treasurer— A.  D.  Hoskins.  Rep. 

Auditor — I.  C.  Jefferis.  Rep. 

Supt.     Public    Instruction— Katherine    Morton. 

Rep. 
Attorney-General— W.  L.  Walls.  Rep. 


344 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


RAILROADS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

OPERATING   STATISTICS   OF   PRINCIPAL  SYSTEMS. 
Calendar   year  1918. 

Mileage     Operating     Operating 

operated,  revenues.       expenses.          Taxes. 


Operating 
income. 


Atchison.  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  
Atlantic  Coast  Line  

4,820 

56.992,329 

42,663,304 

2,495.000 

11,827.096 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  
Bangor  &  Aroostook  

4,997 
632 
7.258 

174.191.448 
4.863,223 
69,911.393 

160,592.180 
4.239,517 
64,430,772 

4.784.146 
213,418 
2,190.399 

8.795,392 
410,066 
3.290.098 

Central  of  New  Jersey  
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Lines  

684 
2.479 

44,790,671 
73.720,797 

36.369.271 
54,143.002 

1,899,983 
1,920.000 

6.516.526 
17.654,994 

Chicago  &  Alton  

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois   
Chicago  &  Northwestern  

1.050 
1.131 
8.090 
9,373 

24.358,662 
26,753,092 
127,295,079 
144.172.769 

20,677.429 
24,085.560 
109,498,572 
112.067,616 

713.002 
940,350 
5.497.481 
6.511,594 

2.965,623 
1.723,130 
12.272,957 
26.577.201 

Chicago  Great  Western  

1.496 

19,116,925 

17.783,098 

671,092 

657.671 

Chicago.   Indianapolis  &  Louisville. 
Chicago  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  

657 
10,302 

11.017.274 
132\894,455 

9,241,784 
121,196.105 

391.453 
6,185,936 

1,333,253 

467.774 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  
Chicago  St  Paul.Minneapolis.  Omaha 

7.794 
1,749 

99,869.557 
24,829.981 

86.098,574 
20.884.199 

4,302,863 
1,288.404 

9.458,589 
2,651,913 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.L. 

2.392 

71.403,970 

51.895.289 

3,538,917 

15.962.011 

Colorado    &    Southern  

1.100 

12,955,827 

9.376.990 

564.000 

3,013.803 

Delaware  &  Hudson  Co  
Delaware.  Lackawanna  &  Western... 

902 
955 

34.789,864 
68.740.076 

31.353.784 
49.925,685 

848.987 
2.941.212 

2,585.426 
15.853.90S 

2,611 

31.357.214 

25,293,475 

1.197.000 

4.858.526 

Duluth    Messabe  &  Northern  

411 

21,545,271 

7,957,433 

1,339.765 

12,248,073 

Duluth,  South  Shore  &  Atlantic  

601 

4.824.187 

4.263.021 

223.923 

337,209 

Elgin   Joliet  &  Eastern  

806 

20.685,049 

14.785.277 

599.057 

5.300.713 

El  Paso  &  Southwestern  Co  

1,028 

14.790,468 

8.629.020 

1.210,901 

4,950,259 

Erie    

1,989 

87,855,461 

87,663.773 

2.331.677 

•2.147.226 

Florida  East  Coast  

764 

8.841.222 

6,742.703 

420.396 

1.676.243 

Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio 

1,371 

21,273.847 

14.986.130 

622.288 

6,659,579 

Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  

569 

7,207.727 

6,474,945 

273.782 

458,671 

Grand  Trunk  Western  

1.017 

19.376.033 

17.240.052 

601.682 

1.530,188 

Great  Northern  

8,258 

100,661,067 

84.389.570 

6.626,103 

10,639,228 

Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  Fe  

1.934 

18,885,098 

14.829,929 

853.696 

3.196.933 

Hocking-  Valley  

349 

13,155,861 

10,448,792 

483.590 

2,223.365 

Houston  &  Texas  Central  

928 

9,041.981 

6,397.911 

406,118 

2.236,113 

Illinois  Central  

4,778 

107,320,261 

90.184.411 

6.036.610 

12.085.072 

International  &  Great  Northern  

1.159 

13,476,888 

11.643.003 

396,000 

1,441.843 

Kansas  City  Southern  
Lake  Erie  &  Western  

774 
900 

15,250,406 
9,343,905 

11.525.000 
8,440.012 

694,447 
340.066 

3,028,667 
562.339 

Lehigh  Valley  

1,442 

65,586.769 

57.346.025 

1.874.237 

6.364.383 

Long  Island  

398 

22.213,444 

16,717,484 

1.069.859 

4.422.788 

Los  Angeles  &  Salt  Lake  
Louisville  &  Nashville  

1,167 
5,023 

14,517.378 
101.392,792 

10.871.687 
79,556.970. 

717.990 
3,322.221 

2.926,058 
18,500.668 

Maine  Central  

1.216 

16.415,178 

16,029,745 

803.928 

•418.773 

Michigan  Central  

1.861 

68,520.087 

51.070.072 

1.899.790 

15,542.761 

Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  

1,646 

12,028.300 

11.371.096 

648,298 

5.173 

Minneapolis,  St.  P.  &  Sault  Ste.  Marie 

4.239 

85,930,293 

29.690.608 

2,185.260 

4.054.092 

Missouri   Pacific   

7,221 

89,612.397 

73.231,738 

3.144.291 

13.218.384 

Mobile  &  Ohio  

1,096 

14.840,901 

14,131,172 

525.234 

182.246 

Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis. 

1.239 

21,757.403 

17,623.564 

399.730 

3.732.570 

New  York  Central  

6,079 

294,691.313 

232.403,705 

11,964,360 

60,299,060 

New  York.  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  

572 

22,656.381 

17,489.757 

647,530 

4.518.937 

New  York.  New  Haven  &  Hartford 

1,992 

102.294,312 

87.746,523 

13.216.375 

11,315.322 

New  York.  Ontario  &  Western  

567 

10,895.005 

9.974.524 

297.124 

621,908 

Norfolk  &  Western  

2.083 

82,004.034 

61,579,297 

2.904.000 

17.510.838 

Northern   Pacific  

6,584 

102.908.259 

71.516,302 

6.499.718 

24,586,629 

Northwestern  Pacific  

507 

5.702,398 

3,973.768 

263.477 

1.465.119 

Oregon  Short  Line  
Oregon-Washington   R.  R.  &  Nav.  Co. 

2.326 
2,066 

34.136.854 
26,264.957 

21,609.487 
19.717.609 

2.025.043 
1.512.046 

10.496,119 
5,033,013 

Pennsylvania  company    
Pennsylvania  railroad  

1.754 
5.403 

95,530.322 
367,414,695 

86.550.257    3,480,625 
353.624.524  10.611.131 

5,498,652 
23,149.178 

Pere  Marquette  

2.238 

28.955.012 

23.315.552 

697.135 

4,940,823 

Philadelphia  &  Reading... 

1,126 

80.769,564 

65.889,372 

1,718.737 

13.161.126 

Pittsburgh  &  Lake  Erie... 

224 

32.992,272 

22.365.184 

884.277 

9.742,766 

Pittsburgh.  Cincinnati.  Chi.  &  St.  L. 

2.394 

87,224,888 

79.131.535 

2,879.068 

5.211,211 

St.  Louis-San  Francisco  

4,761 

69,812,604 

55.251.965 

2,735.673 

11,801,893 

St.  Louis  Southwestern  

968 

13.035.153 

8,890,788 

519.409 

3,623,198 

Seaboard    

3.561 

38.923.106 

33.346,793 

1,469.435 

4.096.959 

Southern  

0.982 

126.574.297 

91.810.425 

3.472.144 

30,976.625 

Southern  Pacific  

7.049 

153.948.642 

113.652.898 

7,127,320 

33,127.096 

Texas  &  Pacific  

1.946 

27.294,833 

21.900.380 

1.086.634 

4,301.253 

Union  Pacific  

3.624 

98.443.365 

59,877.810 

3,446.321 

35,114,379 

Western  Maryland    

2.591 
707 

48.246411 
15,402.35?. 

40.124.609 
15,526,447 

1.328.591 
518.400 

6.790.910 
•642,929 

Western  Pacific   
Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie    .  . 
Yazoo  &  Mississippi  Valley... 

*LOS8. 

1,011 
511 
1.382 

11,065,963 
13.592.172 
22,477,009 

7,891.618 
11.265,852 
16.731,537 

600.876 
662.017 
812.300 

2,571,610 
1.663,663 
4.930,718 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


345 


NET  OPERATING  INCOME  IN 
The  "standard  return"  is  approximately  the 
average  net  operating-  income  for  the  three 
years  ending-  June  30,  1917,  used  as  the  basis 
for  the  rentals  to  be  paid  by  the  government 
for  the  use  of  the  railway  property.  Accord- 
ing to  a  table  compiled  by  the  bureau  of  rail- 
way economics,  comparing-  the  net  operating- 
income  for  1918  with  the  standard  return, 
119  railroads  out  of  a  list  of  184  Class  1 
roads  under  federal  control  earned  less  than 
the  amount  of  their  standard  return,  while 
sixty-five  roads  earned  net  operating-  income 
greater  than  their  standard  return  and  so  con- 
tributed some  $80. 000,000  toward  making-  up 
the  deficiency  in  meeting:  the  standard  return 
of  the  other  roads,  although  the  net  result 


1918  AND    STANDARD  RETURN, 
was  a  deficiency  for  all  Class  1  roada  of  $202.- 
135,602  as  compared  with  the  standard  return 
for  those  roads  of  $890,335,685. 

First  Six  Months  of  1919. 
In  the  first  six  months  of  1919  the  Class  1 
railroads  under  feduial  control  earned  39. d  per 
cent  of  their  standard  return  as  compared  with 
38.4  per  cent  during1  the  first  half  of  1918. 
The  net  federal  income  for  the  six  months  was 
S156.827.416.  as  compared  with  5151.319.830 
in  the  first  half  of  1918  and  as  compared  with 
the  standard  return  for  this  period  of  $393.- 
975,779.  The  central  western  region  came 
nearer  earning1  its  standard  return  than  the 
others,  but  its  percentag-e  was  only  63.1. 


RAILROAD  REVENUES  AND   EXPENSES. 
[From  report   of  interstate  commerce  commission  for  calendar  years  1917  and  1918  and 

first   six  months   of   1919.3 

1918. 

1917. 

•1919. 

Average  number  of  miles  operated  

234.022.91 

232.694.53 

233.558.05 

Revenues—  Freight    
Passenger  

83.450.094.040 
1.031.229.266 

S2.834.119.707 
827,216,574 

$1,613,365,4:135 
642.809.826 

Mail     

53.502.591 

58,793.643 

25.790.449 

Express    

126.059.306 

106,924.818 

52.815.186 

All   other  transportation  

124.157.423 

115.344.764 

57,998.562 

Incidental    

124.033.427 

105.288.617 

61.631.485 

Joint    facility  —  Cr  

6.014.508 

4.384.489 

3.267.367 

Joint    facility—  Dr  

1.760,957 

1.609,033 

993.010 

4.913.319.604 

4.050,463.579 

2.356.685.330 

Expenses  —  Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 

653.868,469 

445.735.253 

370.823J|55 

Maintenance   of   equipment  

1.108.030.396 

690.826,898 

572.951.370 

Traffic   

48.702.051 

65.099,358 

22.447.290 

Transportation   

2.051.193.850 

1,534.221.310 

1.043.210.690 

39.107.149 

34.008.525 

22,712.035 

General    

112,048.965 

96.876.352 

61.427.854 

6.056,118 

8.555.486 

3.026.290 

Operating-  expenses  

4.006.894,763 

2.858.212.210 

2.090.546.274 

Net  revenue    
Railway  tax  accruals  (excluding-  '"war  taxes.") 

906.424,842 
186.652.095 

1.192.251.369 

182,778.423 

266.139.05& 
91.663.514 

Uncollectible  railway  revenues  

613.206 

697.093 

369.021 

Operating-  income  

719.159.540 

1.008.775.853 

174.106,521 

Equipment  rents    (Dr.  Bal.)  

15.080.404 

20.322.069 

9,600.353 

Joint  facility  rents    (Dr.  Bal.)  

13.660.358 

13.674.847 

7.157,499 

Ratio     of     operating-     expenses     to     operating 

81.55 

70.57 

88.71 

•First  six  months. 

ELECTRIC  RAILROADS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES    (1918). 


fl 

7 
2 
8 
9 
16 
5 


State.  Comp's. 

Alabama  15 

Arizona    4 

Arkansas     10 

California   

Colorado   

Connecticut    

Delaware    

Dist.  Columbia 

Florida    

Georgia  

Idaho 

Illinois  70 

Indiana    41 

Iowa     24 

Kansas    17 

Kentucky    10 

Louisiana    11 

Maine    16 

Maryland    12 

Massachusetts    39 

Michigan     26 

Minnesota    14 

Mississippi    11 

Missouri    22 

Montana    9 

Nebraska    6 


Miles. 

365 

54 

122 

3.313 
494 

1,608 
153 
425 
191 
499 
185 

3.757 

2.463 
885 
546 


535 

685 

3.227 

1,736 

737 

120 

1,137 

663 

253 


Comp's.  Miles.. 
248 


State. 

Nevada    2 

New    Hampshire 14 

New    Jersey .  29  1,595- 

New    Mexico 2  11 

New  York ...105  5.633 

North   Carolina    12  285 

North  Dakota 4  2T 

Ohio    72  4.254 

Oklahoma  16  312 

Oregon    10  682 

Pennsylvania    122  4,74ft 

Rhode  Island 3  428 

South  Carolina  6  129 

South  Dakota 3  25 

Tennessee   14  482 

Texas     34  1.001 

Utah   5  453 

Vermont    10  12S 

Virginia    13  581 

Washington    20  1,069 

West    Virginia 21  652 

Wisconsin  18  763 

Wyoming   2  22> 

Total    991  48.484 


CRUDE    PETROLEUM    PRODUCED    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

Gallons.     I      Year.  Gallons.     I     Year.  Gallons.     I       Year.  Gallons. 

9.328.755.156     1914     .11,162.026,470      1916    .12.632.220,636 
9.258.874.42211913     .10.434.741,660 1  1315    .11.806,372,36811917    .^4.083.255,242 

> 


1910ar'.    8,801.354,016  I  1912    . 
1911 


346 


ALMANAC   AiND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   19~>0. 


CHURCHES    AND    RELIGIOUS    ASSOCIATIONS. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCH.  Philadelphia.    Pa... John   J.   McCort  (auxiliary) 

Apostolic  Delegate— Most  Reverend  John  Bon- I  Pittsburgh,  Pa J.  F.  Reg-is  Canevin 

zano.  D.  D. 
Cardinals — James      Gibbons.      Baltimore,      Md.; 


William  H.  O'Connell,  Boston,  Mass. 

Archdiocese.        Archbishops.  Name. 

Chicago.    Ill George   W.  Mundelein 

Cincinnati.    O Henry    Moeller 

Dubuque,   Iowa James  J.  Keane 

Manila.  P.  I Michael  J.  O'Doherty 

Milwaukee.  Wis Sebastian  G.  Messmer 

New  Orleans,  La John  W.  Shaw 

New   York.    N.    Y Patrick  J.   Hayes 

Oregon  City.   Ore Alexander  Christie 

Philadelphia,  Pa Denis  J.  Dougherty 

St.  Louis.  Mo John  Joseph  Glennon 

St.  Paul,  Minn Austin  Dowling 

San  Francisco,  Cal Edward  J.  Hnnna 

Santa  Fe.  N.  M John  Baptist  Pitaval 


Diocese 


Bishops. 


Name. 


Albany,   N.  Y Edmund  F    Gibbons 

Alexandria,  La Cornelius  Van  de  Ven 

Alton.  Ill James  Ryan 

Altoona.  Pa Eugene  A.  Garvey 

Baker  City,   Ore Joseph  F.  McGrath 

Baltimore.   Md...Owen  B.  Corrig-an    (auxiliary) 

Belleville.  Ill Henry  Althoff 

Bismarck,  N.  D Vincent  Wehrle 

Boise,  Idaho Daniel  M.  Gorman 

Boston,  Mass..  .Joseph  G.  Anderson  (auxiliary) 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y Charles  E.   McDonnell 

Buffalo,  N.  Y William  Turner 

Burlington,    Vt Joseph    J.    Rice 

Charleston.    S.   C William  T.  Russell 

Cheyenne,  Wyo Patrick  A.  McGovern 

Chicago.  HI Alexander  J.  McGavick 

Cleveland.   O John  P.  Farrelly 

Columbus.  O James  J.  Hartley 

Concordia,  Kas John  F.  Cunningham 

Corpus  Christi,  Tex Paul  Joseph  Nussbaum 

Covington,  Ky Ferdinand  Brossart 

Crookston.    Minn Timothy  Corbett 

Dallas.   Tex Joseph  Patrick  Lynch 

Davenport.   Iowa J-^mes  Davis 

Denver.    Col J.   Henry   Tihen 

Des  Moines,   Iowa Thomas  W.  Drumm 

Detroit.  Mich Michael  J.  Gallagher 

Duluth.  Minn John  T.  MoNicholas 

El  Paso,  Tex Anthony  J.  Schuler 

Erie.    Pa J.   E.    Fitz   Maurice 

Fall  River,  Mass Daniel  F.  Feehan 

Fargo.   N.   D James  O'Reilly 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind Herman  J.  Alerding 

Galveston,  Tex Christopher  E.  Byrne 

Grand  Island.   Neb James  Albert  Duffy 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich Edward  D.  Kelly 

Great  Falls.   Mont Mathias  C.  Lenihan 

Green  Bay,  Wis Paul  P.  Rhode 

Harrisburg.  Pa Philip  R.  McD-^vitt 

Hartford.  Conn John  Joseph  Nilan 

Hawaiian  islands Libert  H.  Boeynaems 

Helena,  Mont John  P.  Carroll 

Indianapolis,  Ind Joseph  Chartrand 

Kansas  City.  Mo Thomas  F.  Lillis 

La  Crosse.  Wis James  Schwabach 

Lafayette.  Ind Jules  B.  Jeanmard 

Lead.  S.  D John  J.  Lawler 

Leavenworth,   Kas John  Ward 

Lincoln.  -Neb Charles  J.  O'Reilly 

Little  Rock.  Ark John  B.  Morris 

Louisville,   Ky Denis  O'Donaghue 

Manchester,  N.  H George  Albert  Guertin 

Marquette,   Mich Frederick  Eis 

Mobile,    Ala Edward   P.   Allen 

Monterey-Los  Angeles,  Calif. ..John  J.  Cantwell 

Nashville,   Tenn Thomas  Sebastian  Byrne 

Natchez.   Miss John  Edward  Gunn 

Newark,   N.  J John  J.  O'Connor 

New   Orleans.   La J.   M.   Laval' (auxiliary) 

Ogdensburg,  N.  Y Henry  Gabriels 

Oklahoma Theophile  Meerschaert 

Omaha,    Neb Jeremiah    J.    Harty 

Peoria,   HI Edward  Michael  Dunne 


Portland.   Me.. '.'.'.'. ".".Y.Y.V.V. .'. .  .Louis    S.   Walsh 

Porto    Rico. William    A.    Jones 

Providence.  A  R.    I Matthew    Harkina 

Richmond,    Va Denis   Joseph   O*Connell 

Rochester,   N.    Y Thomas  F.   Hickey 

Rockford,    111 Peter    James   Muldoou 

Sacramento,    CW Thomas    Grace 

St.    Augustine.    JFla Michael   J.   Curley 

St.   Cloud,    Minn Joseph   F.    Busch 

St.   Joseph,    Mo Maurice  F.   Burko 

Salt   Lake  City,   Utah Joseph   S.   Glass 

San  Antonio,   Tex Arthur   Drossaerts 

Savannah.  Ga Benjamiu  J.  Keiley 

Scranton.    Pa Michael   John   Hoban 

Seattle,    Wash Edward   John    O'Dea 

Sioux  City.  Iowa (Vacancy) 

Sioux    Falls.    S.   D Thomas    O'Gorman 

Spokane,   Wash Augustine   F.    Schinner 

Springfield.   Mass Thomas  D.   Beaven 

Superior.   Wis Joseph  M.   Koudelka 

Syracuse.    N.  Y John    Grimes 

Toledo,    O  . Joseph    Schremba 

Trenton,    N .  J ..-.  Thomas  J.   Walsh 

Tucson.    Ariz Henry   Granjon 

Wheeling,   W.  Va Patrick  James  Donahue 

Wichita.   Kas John   J.  Hennessy 

Wilmington,    Del John   J.   Monaghan 

Winona,    Minn Patrick   R.   Heffron 

Catholic   Church   Statistics. 
[From  the  Official   Catholic  Directory   for 

1919.] 
Figures   are   for  the  United   States. 


Cardinals— 2. 

Archbishops — 14. 

Bishops— 97. 

Secular  clergy — 
15.052. 

Religious  clergy— 
5,536. 

Total  clergy— 20.588. 

Churches     with     resi- 
dent  priests — 
10.460. 

Missions  with  church* 
es— 5.537. 

Total  churches- 


Seminaries— 110. 
Students— 7,865. 
Colleges  for  boys— 

215. 
Academies   for  girls— 

674. 
Parishes  with  schools 

—5,788. 
Children       attending — 

1.633.599. 

Orphan  Asylums — 294. 
Orphans — 46.069. 
Homes  for  aged — 116. 
Catholic  population  of 

U.    S.— 17.549.324. 


15,997. 

Pope  and  College  of  Cardinals. 
Pope  —  Benedict   XV..   born    Nov.     21.     1854: 

elected  1914. 
Papal  Secretary — Cardinal  Pietro  Gasparri. 

Cardinal  bishops.  Created  cardinal. 

Vannutelli.  Vincent,  b.  Dec.  5.   1836 1889 

De  Lai  Cajetan,  b.  July  26.   1853 1907 

Vico.  Antonio,  b.  Jan.  9.   1847 1911 

Granito,  Pignatelli  di  Gennaro.  b.  1851...  1911 
Pompili.  Basilius,  b.  April  16,   1858 1911 

Cardinal  priests. 
Almaraz  y  Santos,  Enriquez,  b.  Sept.  22, 

1847    1911 


Amette,  Leone  .Adolfo,  b. 


t.  6.  1850.  .1911 


Andrieu,  Paul  Pierre,  V.'  Dec.1 '8?'  1849... .1907 

Ascalesi,  Alexius,  b.  Feb.  15.  1859 1916 

Bacilieri.  Bartholomew,  b.  March  27.1842.1901 

Begin,  Louis  N..  b.  Jan.  10.  1840 1914 

Boggiani.  Thomas  P..  b.  1863 1916 

Boschi.  Julius,  b.  March  2,  1838 1901 

Bourne.  Francis,  b.  March  23.  1861 1911 

Cabrieres.  Francis  M.  D.  de,  b.  Aug.  30. 

1830  191J 

Cagiano  de  Azevedo.  Ottavius,  b.  Nov.  7. 

1845  1905 

Cagliero.  John.  b.  1838 1915 

Cavalcanti,  Joachim  A.  de  A.,  b.  Jan.  17, 

1850  1905 

Cos  y  Machio,  Giuseppe,  b.  Aug.  6.  1838.1911 

Csernoch,  John.  b.  Jan.  18,  1852 1914 

Doubourg.  Augustus,  b.  1842 1916 

Dubois.  Louis  Ernest,  b.  1856 1916 

Ferrari.  Andrew,  b.  Ausr.  18.  1850 1894 


Francisca-Nava  di  Bontife.  J.,  b.  July  23. 


1899 


ALMANAC  AiND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


347 


Fruhwirth.   Andrew,   b.  1845 1915 

Gasparri.  Peter,  b.  May  5.  1852 1907 

Gibbons.  James,  b.  July  23.  1834 1895 

Guiasola  y  Meridez,  V.,  b.  Apr.  21.  1852 . 1914 

Gusmini.  George,  b.  1855 191 

Hartmann.  Felix  de.  b.  Dec.  15,  1851....  1914 
Herrera.  Joseph  M.  M..  b.  Aug.  26.  1835.1897 

La  Fontaine.  Peter,  b.  1860 1916 

Logue.  Michael,  b.  Oct.  1.  1840 1893 

Lualdi.  Alexander,  b.  Aug.  12.  1858 1907 

Lucon.  Louis  Henry,  b.  Oct.  28,  1842 190 

Maffl.  Peter,  b.  Oct.  12.  1858 190 

Maurin,  Louis  J..  b.  1859 1916 

Mendes.  Bello  Anthony,  b.  Aug.  25.  1842.1907 
Mercier.  Desideratus.  b.  Nov.  21.  1851...  1907 
Merry  del  Val.  Raphael,  b.  Oct.  10, 1865 . : 

Mistrangelo,  Alphonsus.  b.  1852 1915 

Netto.  Joseph  Sebastian,  b.  Feb.  8.  1841.1884 
O'Connell.  William  H..  b.  Dec.  8.  1859...  1911 

Piffl,  Frederick  G..  b.  Oct.  15,   1864 1914 

Frisco.  Joseph,  b.  Sept.  18.  1836 1896 

Ranuzzi  de  Blanchi.   V.  A.,  b.  1857 1916 

Richelmy.  Augustinus.  b.  Nov.  29.  1850.  .1899 

Rinaldini.  Aristides,  b.  Feb.  5,  1844 1907 

Sbarretti.  Donatus.  b.  1856 1916 

Scapinelli  di  Leguigno.  Raphael,  b.  1858.1915 

fkrbensky.  Leo  de.  b.  June  12,  1863.'...  .1901 
onti.  Julius,  b.  1844 1915 

Van  Rossum.  William,  b.  Sept.  3,  1854.. 1911 
Cardinal  deacons. 

Billot.  Louis,  b.  Jan.  22.  1846 1911 

Bisleti.  Cajetan.  b.  March  20,  1856 1911 

Gasquet.  Francis  A.,  b.  Oct.  5.  1846 1914 

Giorgi.  Orestes,  b.  May  19.  1856 1916 

Giustini,   Philipp.   b.  May   8.   1852 1914 

Lega.  Michael,  b.  Jan.  1.  1860 1914 

Marini.  Nicholas,  b.  Aug.  20.  1843 1916 

Catholic  Educational  Association. 
Honorary   President— James  Cardinal   Gibbons. 

Baltimore.  Md. 
President-General— The     Rt.-Rev.     Thomas    J. 

Shahan.  D.  D..  Washington,  D.  C. 
Vice-presidents-General— Very  Rev.  E.  A.  Pacfl. 
D.    D..    Washington.    D.    C.:    Rt.    Rev.    Msgr. 
John  B.  Peterson.  Ph.D..  Boston,  Mass.:  Rev. 
P.  C.  Yorke.  D.  D..  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Secretary-General— The  Rev.   Francis  W.    How- 
ard. LL.  D.,   1651  East  Main  street,  Colum- 
bua.  O. 
Treasurer-General— The  Rev.  Francis  T.  Moran. 

D.  D..  Cleveland,  O. 
Office  of  Association— 1651  East  Main  street, 

Columbus.  O. 
The  Catholic  Church  Extension  Society  cf  the 

United  States   of  America. 
750  McCormick  building.   Chicago.   HI. 
Chancellor  Board  of  Governors — The  Most  Rev- 
erend   George    W.    Mundeleih.    D.    D..    Arch- 
bishop of  Chicago. 

Vice-Chancellor  Board  of  Governors — The  Most 
Reverend   S.   G.   Messmer,   D.   D..   D.  C.-  L.. 
Archbishop  of  Milwaukee. 
President— The     Rt.-Rev.     Msgr.     Francis     C. 

Kelley.   D.  D..   LL.   D. 

Vice-President  and  General  Secretary— The  Rt.- 
Rev.  Msgr.  E.  B.  Ledvina. 
Vice-President  and  Director  Child  Apostles  and 

Order  of  Martha— The  Rev.  W.  D.  O'Brien. 
Vice-President  and  General  Counsel— Joseph  D. 
Daly. 

Treasurer— John  A.  Lynch. 

Recording  Secretary  Board  of  Governors— War- 
ren A.  Cartier. 

Superintendent  Chapel  Cars — George  C.  Hennes- 
sey. 

Executive  Committee— The  Most  Reverend 
George  W.  Mundelein.  D.  D.:  the  Rt.-Rev. 
Ms*-.  Francis  C.  Kelley,  D.  D..  LL.  D.:  Leo 
J.  Doyle.  Richmond  Dean,  Warren  A.  Car- 
tier.  Edward  F.  Carry. 

Board  of  Auditors— The  Rev.  R.  F.  Flynn.  the 


Department— Brooks    building-.    Chi- 


Rev.    F. 
Scotten. 


.      .      .  . 

J.    O'Reilly.    J.    J.    Fleming.    S.    C. 


Extension  Magazine. 

The   official    organ    of    the    Catholic    Church 
Extension    Society    of    the    United    States    ol 

Editorial 
cago. 

;  ?re  l"-'11^-  MsfiT'  Francis  C.  Kelley. 
*-f.  j->..  LL.  D. 

Associate  Editor— Rev.  William  D.  O'Brien. 
Managing  Editor— Simon  A.  BalJus. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 
Residences   and   Assignment   of   Bishops. 
Atlanta.  Ga.— Frederick  D.  Leete. 
Buenos  Aires.   S.  A.— William  P.  Oldham. 
Buffalo.    N.   Y.— William   Burt. 
Chattanooga.  Tenn.— Frank  M.  Bristol. 
Chicago.  HI.— Thomas  Nicholson. 
Cincinnati.  O.— William  F.  Anderson. 
Denver.    Col.— Francis    J.    McConnell. 
Detroit.  Mich.— Theodore  S.  Henderson. 
Shanghai.  Chinr— Wilson  S.  Lewis. 
Helena.  Mont.— Richard  J.  Cooke. 
Maiden,  Mass.— Edwin  H.  Hughes. 
New  Orleana.  La.— Wilbur  P.  ThirkieM. 
New  York.  N.  Y.— Luther  B.  Wilson. 
Omaha.    Neb. — Homer  C.   Stuntz. 
Philadelphia.   Pa.— Joseph   F.   Berry. 
Portland.  Ore.— Matthew  S.  Hughes. 
St.  Louis.  Mo.— William  A.  Quayle. 
St.  Paul.  Minn.— Charles  B.  Mitchell. 
San  Francisco.  Cal.— Adna  W.  Leonard. 
Seoul.   Korea— Herbert  Welch. 
Washington.  D.  C. — William  F    McDowell 
Wichita.  Kas.— William  O.  Shepard. 
Zurich.   Switzerland— John  L    Nuelson. 
Tokyo,  Japan— Merriman  C.  Harris. 

Missionary  Bishops. 

Vfeadville.  Pa.— James  M.  Thoburn   (retired) 
Cincinnati.    O.— Joseph    C.    Hartzell     (retired), 
420  Plum  street, 
ucknow,  India— Frank  W.  Warne 
Nashville.  Tenn.— Isaiah  B.  Scott  (retired) .  126 

14th  avenue. 

Seoul.  Korea— Merriman  C.   Harris    (retired), 
bangalore.   India— John  W.  Robinson. 
Monrovia.  Liberia — Alexnndor  P.  Camphor 
Umtali,  Rhodesia,  So.  Africa— Eben  S.  Johnson. 
Corresponding      Secretaries— Elected      bv      th* 

General    Conference. 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions — S.  Earl  Taylor- 
Frank  Mason  North,  150  6th  avenue.  New 
York.  N.  Y. 

Board  of  Home  Missions  and  Church  Exten- 
sion—D.  D.  Forsyth.  17th  and  Arch  streets, 
Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Treedman's    Aid    Society — Patrick   J.   Maveety. 
I.    Garland   Penn.    420    Plum    street.    Cincin- 
nati.  O. 
Board   of    Education— A.   W.   Harri».    150   5th 

avenue.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Board   of   Sunday    Schools— Edgar    Blake,     58 

East  Washington  street.  Chicago.  111. 
Board    of    Conference     Claimants— Joseph     "B. 
Hingeley  820  Garland  building.  Chicago.  Ill, 
Epworth  League.  General  Secrpt->.ry— Charles  E. 

Guthrie,  740  Rush  street.  Chicago,  111. 
Board  of  Temperance.   Prohibition  and  Public 
Morals — Clarence  Tru«  Wilson.    204  Pennsyl- 
vania avenue.  S.  E..  Washington,  D.  C. 
General    Deaconess    Board — Daniel    W.    Howell. 

675   Ellicott  square.   Buffalo.   N.  Y. 
Commission  on  Finance— Joseph  W.  Van 
740  Rush  street.  Chicago.  111. 

Epworth  League. 
Organized  at  Cleveland.  O..  May  15.  1889. 

President— Bishop  A.  W.  Leonard.  San  Fran- 
cisco. Cal. 

General  Secretary— Charles  E.  Guthrie.  740 
Rush  street.  Chicago.  HI. 

German  Assistant  Secretary— Rev.  A.  C.  Bucher, 
420  Plum  street,  Cincinnati,  O. 


548 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Assistant  Secretary  for  Colored  Conferences- 
Rev.  W.  W.  Lucas,  Meridian,  Miss. 

Editor  Epworth  Herald— Rev.  Dan  B.  Brum- 
mitt.  D.  D.,  740  Rush  street.  Chicago.  111. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH  SOUTH. 

Bishops. 

Eugene  R.  Hendrix,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Joseph  S.  Key,  Sherman.  Tex. 
Warren  A.  Candler.  Atlanta.  Ga. 
Henry  C.  Morrison.  Leesburgr.  Fla. 
Jamea  Atkins.  Waynesville,  N.  C. 
Collins  Denny.   Richmond,   Va. 
John  C.  Kileo.   Charlotte.   N.  C. 
William  B.  Murrah.   Memphis.   Tenn. 
W.  R.  Lambuth.  Oakdale.  Cal. 
E.  D.  Mouzon.  Dallas.  Tex. 
B.  G.  Waterhouse,  Emory.  Va. 

PROTESTANT   EPISCOPAL    CHURCH. 
Presiding    Bishop — D.  S.  Tuttle.  Bishop  of  Missouri. 

Diocese.  Bishop  and  residence. 

Alabama C.    M.    Beckwith,    Montgomery 

Alaska Peter  Trimble  Howe.  Seattle.  Wash. 

Albany R.  H.  Nelson.  Albany.  N.  Y. 

Arizona J.    W.    Atwoocl.    Phoenix 

Arkansas James  R.   Winchester,  Little  Rock 

Suffragan Edwin  W.  Saphore,  Little  Rock 

Buff,  for  col.  race,  E.  T.  Demby,  Keeling,  Tenn. 

Asheville Junius  M.  Homer.  Asheville,  N.  C. 

Atlanta Henry  J.  Mikell.  Atlanta 

Bethlehem B.   Talbot,   South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

California William  F.  Nichols.  San  Francisco 

Central  New  York Charles  T.  Olnisted,  Utica 

Coadjutor Charles  Fiske,   Syracuse,   N.  Y. 

Chicago C.    P.    Anderson,    Chicago 

Suffragan Sheldon  M.  Griswold.  Chicago 

Colorado Irving  P.  Johnson.   Denver 

Connecticut C.   B.    Brewster,    Hartford 

SufTragan..Edw.  C.  Acheson.  Middletown,  Conn. 
Dallas A.  C.  Garrott.  Dallas.  Tex. 

Coadjutor Harry  T.  Moore.  Dallas 

Delaware  (Vacancy) 

Duluth Jaunes    D.    Morrison,    Duluth,    Minn. 

East  Carolina.. Thos.  C.  Darst,  Wilmington,  N.(5. 
Eastern  Oklahoma. T.P.Thurston,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Eastern  Oregon.Robert  L.Paddock.Hood  River.Ore. 

Easton William   F.    Adams.    Easton.    Md. 

Erie Rogers    Israel,    Erie,    Pa. 

Florida E.  G.  Weed.  Jacksonville 

Fond  du  Lac..R.  H.  Weller,  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. 

Georgia Frederick  F.    Reese.    Savannah 

Harrishurg....J.    H.  Darlington,  Harrisborg.   Pa. 

Honolulu H.    B.    Restarick.    Honolulu,    H.    I. 

Idaho James  B.   Funsten,    B  >isa 

Indianapolis J.    M.    Francis,    Indianapolis 

Iowa T.  N.  Morrison.  Davenport 

Coadjutor Harry  S.  Longloy.  Dos  Moinos 

Kansas .Tamos  Wise.  Toppka 

Kentucky Charles  E.   Woodcock.   Louisville 

Lexington L.    W.    Burton.    Lexfngton,    Ky. 

Long   Island F.   Burgess.    Garden  City,    L.   I. 

Los:  Angeles J.  H.  Johnson,  Pasadena.  Cal. 

Louisiana Davis  Sessums,  New  Orleans 

Maine Benjamin  Brewster.    Portland 

Marquette   (Vacancy) 

Maryland John  G.  Murray    Baltimore 

Massachusetts William    Lawrence,    Boston 

Suffragan Samuel  G.  Babcock,  Boston 

Michigan Charles  D.  Williams,   Detroit 

Michigan  City....J.  H.  White,  South  Bend,  Ind. 
Milwaukee.. William  W.  Webb.  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Minnesota Frank  A.  McElwain.   Minneapolis 

Mississippi T.  Du  B.  Brntton.  Jackson 

Missouri D.    S.    Tuttle.    St.    Louis 

Coadjutor F.  F.  Johnson,  St.  Louis 

Montana William   F.   Fnber.    Helena 

Nebraska Ernest    Vincent    Shayler.    Omnha 

Nevada George  O.    Hunting,   Reno 

Newark E.    S.    Lines.    Newark.    N.    J. 

Coadjutor.... Wilson  R.   Stearly.  Newark.   N.  J. 
New    Hampshire — Edward   M.    Parker.    Concord 

Hew  Jersey Paul  Matthews.  Trenton 

New  Mexico... F.  B.  Howden,  Albuquerque,  N.  M. 
New  York Charles  S.  Burch.  New  York 


Diocese.  Bishop  and  residence. 

North  Carolina J.   B.   Cheshire.    Raleigh 

Suffragau ..Henry  B.  Delany,  Raleigh 

North  Dakota J.   P.   Tyler.   Fargo 

North  Texas E.    A.   Temple,    Amarillo,  Tex. 

Ohio William    A.    Leonard.    Cleveland 

Coadjutor Frank  Du  Moulin.   Toledo 

Oklahoma    (Vacancy) 

Olympia F.    W.    Keator.    Tacoma.    Wash. 

Oregon Walter   T.    Sumner,    Portland 

Pennsylvania. Philip  M.  Rhinelander,  Philadelphia 

Suffragan Thomas  J.    Garland.   Philadelphia 

Philippines G.  F.  Mosher 

Pittsburgh C.  Whitehead,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Porto   Rico C.    B.   Colmore.   San  Juau 

Quincy M.    E.    Fawcett.    Quincy,    111. 

Rhode  Island J.  De  Wolfe  Perry,  Providence 

Sacramento W.    H.    Morelaud,    Sacramento 

Salina (Vacancy) 

San  Joaquin L.  C.  Sanford,  Fresno.  CaL 

South  Carolina W.  A.  Guerry.  Charleston 

South  Dakota Hugh  L.  Burleson.  Sioux  Falls 

Suffragan William  P.   Remington 

Southern  Fiorida Cameron  Mann,  Orlando 

Southern    Ohio Boyd    Vincent,    Cincinnati 

Coadjutor Theodore   I.    Reese.    Columbus 

Southern  Virginia Beverly  D.  Tucker,  Norfolk 

Suffragan Arthur  C.  Thomson.  Portsmouth 

Spokane Herman  Page,   Spokane,   Wash. 

Springfleld.Granville  H.  Sherwood,  Springfield.  111. 

Tennessee Thomas   F.   Gailor,    Memphis 

Texas ...G.    H.    Kiusolving,    Austin 

Coadjutor Clinton  S.  Quin 

Utah (In  charge  of  bishop  of  W.  Colorado) 

Vermont A.   C.    A.    Hall,   Burlington 

Coadjutor Geonre  Y.    Bliss.    Burlington.    Vt. 

Virginia Robert   A.    Gibson.    Richmond 

Coadjutor William  Cabell  Brown.  Richmond 

Washington,  D.  C... Alfred  Harding,  Washington 

Western  Colorado F.  Touret.  Grand  Junction 

Western  Massachusetts.. T.  F.  Davies.   Worcester 

West  Missouri S.  C.   Partridge,   Kansas  City 

Western  Michlgan.J.  N.  McCormick,  Grand  Rapids 

Western  Nebraska G.  A.   Beecher,   Hastings 

Western  N.  Y Charles  H.  Brent.  Buffalo 

West  Texns William  T.  Capers,   San  Antonio 

West  Virginia — William  L.  Gravatt.  Charleston 
Wyoming N.  S.  Thomas,  Cheyenne 

Foreign  missions: 

West    Africa    (Vacancy) 

China  (Shanghai) F.  R.  Graves,  Shanghai 

China   (Anking) D.  T.   Huntington,    Anking 

China    (Hankow) L.    H.    Roots.    Hankow 

Japan    (Tokyo) John    McKim.    Tokyo 

Japan   (Kyoto) Henry  St.   G.   Tucker,    Kyoto 

Cuba H.  R.  Hulse.   Havanr 

Haiti In  charge  of  bishop  of  Porto  Rico 

South'n    Brazil. L.L.Kinsolving.  Porto  Alcgre. Brazil 
European  churches— G.  Mott  Williams,   bishop  in 

charge. 

Mexico.. H.    D.    Aves.    Guadalnlnra,    Jal..    Mexico 
Nondiocesan — Arthur     S.      Lloyd.      Anson      F 

Graves.  William  M.  Brown,  William  C.  Gray. 

A.  W.  Knitrht.  L.  H.   Wells.  J.  S.  Johnston. 

E.  W.  Osborne,  Paul  Jones. 

General  Convention. 

House   of   Bishops. 
Chairman— Rt.- Rev.  Thomas  F.  Gailor.  Memphis. 

Tenn. 

Secretary — Rev.  Samuel  Hart,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Assistant     Secretary — George     T.     Nelson,     New 

York,  N.  Y. 

House  of  Deputies. 
President— Rev.    Dr.    Alexander    Mann,    Boston, 

Mass. 

Secretary — Rev.  Henry  Anstice.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Assistant    Secretaries— Rev.     C.     M.     Davis.     St. 

Louis.   Mo.;    Rev.    W.    C.    Front.    Herkimer,   N. 

Y. ;  Rev.  James  G.  Glass,  Anniston,  Ala. 

BAPTIST  DENOMINATION.      • 
Baptist  World  Alliance— President.   Dr.  Robert 
S.  MacArthur.  New  York.  N.  Y.:  secretaries. 
Rev.    J.    H.    Shakespeare.    London.    England: 
Rev.  Dr.  R.  H.  Pitt.  Richmond.  Va. 
General  Convention  of  Baptists  of  North  Amer- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


349 


ica— President.  Hon.  E.  W.  Stephens.  Colum- 
bia. Mo.:  recording1  secretary.  Prof.  W.  O. 
Carver.  Louisville.  Ky.:  corresponding-  secre- 
tary. Prof.  Spencer  W.  Meeser,  Chester.  Pa 

Northern  Baptist  Convention— President.  D.  C 
Shull,  Sioux  City,  Iowa:  corresponding-  sec- 
retary. Rev.  W.  C.  Bitting1.  D.  D..  St.  Louis. 

American  Baptist  Publication  Society— Presi- 
dent. W.  G.  Brimson,  Chicag-o,  111.;  secretary, 
Gilbert  N.  Brink.  D.  D.,  1701  Chestnut  street. 
Philadelphia.  Pa. 

American  Baptist  Historical  Society— President 
Spenser  B.  Meeser.  D.  D.,  Upland.  Pa.;  sec- 
retary, John  W.  Lyell,  D.  D.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Society- 
President.  Thomas  J.  Villers,  D.  D.,  Detroit. 
Mich.;  home  secretary.  John  Y.  Aitchison; 
associate  secretary.  William  B.  Lipphard: 
foreign  secretaries.  James  H.  Franklin.  D.  D.; 
Joseph  C.  Robbins,  D.  D.:  candidate  secre- 
tary. Rev.  P.  H.  J.  Lerrig-o,  M.  D.:  treas- 
urer, Georg-e  B.  Huntington;  address,  Ford 
building,  Boston,  Mass. 

American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society— Pres- 
ident. Charles  R.  Brock,  Denver.  Col.:  treas- 
urer, Samuel  Bryant.  New  York,  N.  Y.: 
executive  secretary.  Charles  L.  White,  23  East 
26th  street.  New  York.  N.  Y.:  headquarters 
23  East  26th  street.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Department  of  Missionary  Education— Rev 
John  M.  Moore,  secretary,  23  East  26th 
street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Woman's  American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission 
Society — President,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Montgomery; 
recording-  secretary,  Mrs.  T.  E.  Adams,  for- 
eig-n  department.  Ford  building,  Boston, 
Mass.:  vice-presient,  Mrs.  Henry  W.  Pea- 
body:  honorary  foreign  secretary.  Mrs.  H. 
G.  Safford:  foreign  secretary,  Mrs.  N.  G. 
Prescott:  treasurer.  Miss  A.  E.  Stedman. 
Home  administration  department.  1433 
Stevens  building,  Chicago.  111.:  vice-presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Andrew  MacLeish;  secretary,  Miss 
Eleanor  More. 

Woman's  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So 
ciety — President.  Mrs.  John  Nuveen,  5312 
Hyde  Park  boulevard.  Chicago.  111.:  execu- 
tive secretary.  Mrs.  Katherine  S.  Westfall, 
2969  Vernon  avenue,  Chicago,  111.;  recording- 
secretary,  Mrs.  S.  C.  Jennings,  1312  Oak 
avenue,  Evanston,  111.;  treasurer.  Mrs.  Wash- 
ington Laycock.  6437  Green  street.  Chicago, 

Baptist  Young1  People's  Union  of  America — 
President.  Dr.  D.  J.  Evans,  Liberty,  Mo.; 
recording  secretary,  J.  C.  Dance,  Fairmont, 
Va.:  general  secretary.  Dr.  James  Asa  White, 
125  North  Wabash  avenue,  Chicago,  111. 

Baptist  Board  of  Education— Chairman,  Prof. 
Ernest  D.  Burton.  5525  Woodlawn  avenue. 
Chicag-o,  HI.;  executive  secretary.  Rev.  F. 
W.  Padelford.  D.  D..  706  Ford  building-, 
Boston.  Mass.  

UNITARIAN   CHURCH. 
American  Unitarian  Association. 

President— Samuel  A.  Eliot,  D.  D.,  LL.  D., 
Boston,  Mass. 

Vice-Presidents—William  Howard  Taft.  New 
Haven,  Conn.;  Clarence  E.  Carr,  Andover,  N. 
H.;  George  Soule,  New  Orleans,  La.;  Frank 
H.  Hiscock,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.;  John  Laurence 
Mauran,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Charles  A.  Lory, 
Fort  Collins,  Col.;  Milton  L.  Hersey,  Mon- 
treal, Canada;  William  H.  Carruth,  Palo 
Alto,  Cal. 

Secretary— Louis  C.  Cornisli.  25  Beacon  street, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Assistant  Secretary— W.  Forbes  Robertson,  Ar- 
lington, Mass. 

PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH  IN  THE  UNITED 

STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
Moderator— John    Willis    Baer.    LL.    D..    Pasa- 

Stated' Clerk— Rev.  William  H.  Roberts.  D.  D., 


LL.  D..  515  Witherspoon  building.  1319  Wal- 
nut street.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Permanent  Clerk— Rsv.  Edward  L.  Warren.  .D. 

D..  Louisville,  Ky. 
Assistant  Clerk— Rev.  James  M.  Hubbert,  D.  D. 

Trustees. 

President — George  Stevenson,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 
Corresponding-         Secretary— Rev.         Alexander 

Henry,   D.  D. 

Recording-  Secretary— Harry  Pringle  Ford. 
Treasurer — The   Philadelphia   Trust   company. 
Office— 1319   Walnut    street,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Board  of  Home  Missions. 
President— Rev.  Wilton  Merle  Smith.   D.  D. 
General  Secretary— Rev.  John  A.  Marquis.  D.  D. 
Secretaries — Rev.  B.  P.  Fullerton,  D.  D.;   Rev. 
John    McDowell.    D.    D.:    Rev.    W.    R.    King. 
D.  D.:  W.  R.  Patterson.  Ph.  D. 
Office— 156  5th  avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 
President— Rev.    George   Alexander.   D.  D. 
Corresponding-  Secretaries— Dr.  Robert  E.  Speer. 
Rev.  Arthur  J.  Brown.  D.  D.:  Rev.  A.  Wood- 
ruff Halsey,  D.  D.:  Rev.  Stanley  White,  D.  D. 
Treasurer— Dwight  H.  Day. 
Office— 156  5th  avenue,  (New  York,  N.  Y. 

Board  of  Education. 
President— Rev.  Charles  Wadsworth,  Jr.,  D.  D.. 

Philadelphia.   Pa. 
Secretary—  ( Vacancy. ) 
Treasurer — Edward  R.  Sterrett. 
Office— 1319  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Board  of  Publication  and  Sabbath,  School 

Work. 

President— William  H.   Scott,   Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Secretary — Rev.  Harold  McAfee  Robinson,  D.  D. 
Business  Superintendent — Frank  M.  Braselman. 
Editor— Rev.  John  T.  Faris.  D.  D. 
Superintendent   of  Missions-^John  M.   Somern- 

dike. 
Secretary    Religious    Education— Rev.     Robert 

W.  Veach.  D.  D. 

Manufacturer — Henry  F.  Scheetz. 
Treasurer— M.   S.  Collingwood. 
Office— 1319  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Chicago  Office— 509  South  Wabash  avenue. 

Board  of  Church  Erection. 
President— Rev.  Ford  C.  Ottman.  D.  D. 
Recording-  Secretary— William  K.  Gilchrist. 
General  Secretary— Rev.  David  G.  Wylie.  D.  D. 
Field  Secretary— Rev.  Jesse  C.  Bruce.  D.  D. 
Treasurer— Rev.   George  R.  Brauer. 
Office— 156  5th  avenue.  (New  York.  N.  Y. 
Board  of  Ministerial  Relief  and  Sustentation. 
President— Rev.    George  Francis   Greene,   D.  D.. 

Cranford,  N.  J. 

General  Secretary — Rev.  Henry  B.  Master. 
Associate  Secretary— Rev.  Robert  Hunter.  D.  D. 
Treasurer — Rev.  William  W.  Heberton.  D.  D. 
Office— 1319  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Board   of  Missions   for   Freedmen. 
President— Rev.  Samuel  J.  Fisher,  D.  D.,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 
General    Secretary    and   Treasurer — Rev.    John 

M.    Gaston.   D.   D. 

Office— Bessemer    building1.    6th,    street.    Pitts- 
burgh. Pa. 

College  Board. 

President— Rev.   Edwin  A.  McAlpin.   Jr. 
Secretary— Rev.  Robert  Mackenzie.  D.  D.,  LL.D. 
Associate    Secretaries — Rev.    Jam°s    E.    Clarke. 

D.  D.:  Rev.  Louia  E.  Holden.  D.  D. 
Treasurer— Edward   R.    Sterrett. 
Office— 156  5th  avenue.  'New  Yo-k.  N.  Y. 

General    Board    of    Education. 
President— Rev.  Hugh  T.  Kerr.  D.  D. 
Vice-President—Thomas   W.    Synnott,    Philadel- 
phia. Pa. 

General  Secretary— Rev.  Edfrar  P.  Hill.  D.  D. 
Recording-  Secretary— Rev.  Robert  W.  Macken- 
zie. D.  D..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Treasurer — Edward   R.    Sterrett. 
Office— 156  5th  avenue.  -New  York.  N.  Y. 


350 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


The  Board  of  Temperance. 
President— Rev.  Thomas  Walters.  D.  D. 
General  Secretary— Prof .  Charles  Scanlon,  LL.  D. 
Assistant  Treasurer— A.  M.  Wycoff. 
Office— Columbia  Bank  building-.  Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 

New  Era  Magazine. 

Continuing-  the  Assembly  Herald. 

Editor — James    B.    Wootan,    1201    Presbyterian 

building-,    156  5th  avenue.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Business    Manager — Horace   P.    Camden.     1328 

Chestnut  street,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Christian   Life  and   Work. 

Chairman— John  Willis  Baer.  LL.   D. 

Secretary— Rev.    William    H.    Roberts,    D.    D., 

Witherspoon  building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Men's  Work. 

Chairman— Rev.  John  Timothy  Stone,  D.  D. 
Secretary— Rev.  William  F.  Weir,  D.  D. 
Treasurer— Robert  R.  Woods. 
Office — 1245   Beall   avenue,   Wooster,   O. 

Presbyterian   Historical   Society. 
President— Rev.  Henry  van  Dyke.  D.  D..  LL.  D. 
.General   Secretary— Rev.  Joseph   B.   Burner. 
Treasurer— J.   Lewis  Twaddell. 
Honorary    Librarian— Rev.    Louis    F.    Benson, 

D.  D. 

Library.   Museum.    Etc.— Witherspoon  building1. 
Philadelphia.  Pa. 

THE  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES. 

American  Congregational  Association. 
President— Arthur   S.    Johnson.    Boston,   Mass 
Vice-Presidents—William    F.    Whittemore.    Bos- 
ton, Mass.;  Peter  C.  Jones.  Honolulu,  H.  I. 
Secretary— Thomas  Todd,    Jr.,   Concord.   Mass. 
Treasurer— A.  S.  Lovett,  Brookline,  Mass. 
Headquarters— Congregational   House.    Boston. 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 

Missions. 

President— Prof.  Edward  C.  Moore,  D.  D. 
Treasurer— Frank  H.  Wig-grin. 
Secretaries— Rev.  James  L.  Barton,  D.  D.:  Rev. 

Cornelius    H.    Patton.    D.    D.:     Rev.    E.    L.. 

Smith,  D.  D. 

Editorial  Secretary— Rev.  W.  E.  Strong-,  D.  D. 
District    Secretaries— Rev.   C.   H.   Patton,   D.   D. 

(in    charge),     Boston,     Mass.;     Rev.     E.     L. 

Smith.  D.  D.   (in  charge).  New  York.  N.  Y.: 

Rev.   A.   N.   Hitchcock.   D.   D.,    Chicago,   II.; 

Rev.  H.  H.  Kelsey,  D.  D.,  Sen  Francisco,  Cal. 
Headquarters— Congregational   House,    Boston. 

American  Missionary  Association. 
President— Nehemiah  Boynton,  D.  D. 
Treasurer — Irving  C.  Gaylord. 
Secretary— Rev.  George  L.  Cady,  D.  D. 
Headquarters — 287  4th  avenue.  New  York  city. 
District  Secretaries — Rev.  George  H.  Gutterson, 

D.  D.,   Congregational  House,   Boston.  Mass.; 

Rev.  Frank  Newhall  Whito.  D.  D.,  19  South 

LaSalle  street.  Chicago,  111.;  R«v.  G-o-ge  W. 

Hinman,    21   Brenham  place,    San  Francisco. 

•  Sunday   School  Extension  Society. 
President— Rev.  Rockwell  Harmon  Pother.  D.  D. 
General    Secretary— Rev.   C.    E.   Burton.   D.   D. 
Extension  Secretary— Rev.  W.  Knighton  Bloom. 
Treasurer — Charles  H.  Baker. 
Headquarters — 287  4th  avenue.  New  York. 

Publishing  Society. 

President— Rev.  Clarence  F.  Swift,  D.  D. 
Treasurer — Harry  M.  Nelson. 
General  SecretaT— Rev.  F.  M.   Sheldon. 
Headquarters — 14  Beacon  street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Church  Building  Society. 
President— "Pev.  Pookwell  H.  Potter.  D.  D. 
Treasurer — Charles  H.  Baker. 
General  Secretary— RPV.  Charles  E.  Burton.  D.  D. 
Chnrch     Building     Secretary— Rev.     James     R. 

Smith.  D.  D. 
Associate  Secretary— Rev.  Charles  H.  Richards, 

D.  D. 


Field    Secretaries—  John    P.    Sanderson,    D.    D., 

Chicago.   111.;  William  W.  Leete,  D.  D.,   Bos- 

ton, Mass. 
Assistant  Field  Secretary—  Mrs.   C.  H.  Taintor, 

Clinton,  Conn. 
Headquarters—  287  4th  avenue.   New  York. 

Home  Missionary  Society. 
President  —  Rev.  Rockwell  H.  Potter,  D.  D. 
Treasurer—  Charles  H.  Baker. 
Secretaries—  Rev.    Charles    E.    Burton,    D.    D.; 

Rev.  William  S.  Beard. 
Headquarters—  287  4th  avenue.  New  York  city. 

Education  Society. 

Chairman—  Rev.  Charles  R.  Brown    D    D 
Secretary—  Rev.     Frank     M.     Sheldon.'    Boston. 

Mass. 
District  Secretary   (Chicago)—  Rev.  R.  W.  Gam- 

mon. D.  D.,  19  West  Jackson  boulevard 
Treasurer—  Harry  M.  Nelson. 
Headquarters—  14  Beacon  street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Ministerial  Relief. 
Chairman—  Rev.    H.    A.    Stimson,    D.    D..    New 

York  city. 
Corresnonding    Secretary—  William   A     Rice     D 

D.,  New  York  city. 
Western    Secretary—  Rev.   F.    S.    Hayes     D     D 

Chicago,  111. 
Treasurer—  B.    H.    Fancher,    287    4th    avenue, 

New  York  city. 

National   Council    (Biennial). 
Moderator—  Rev.  Henry  C.  King,  LL.  D.    Ober- 

lin,  O. 
Secretary—  Rev.    Hubert    C.    Herring,    287    4'.h 

avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Treasurer—  Rev.  John  J.  Walker.  287  4th  ave- 

nue, New  York,  N.  Y. 

Woman's  Board  of  Missions. 
Secretary—  Miss    Helen     B.     Calder,     Congrega- 

tional House,  Boston,  Mass. 

Woman's  Board  of  Missions  of  the  Interior 
Secretary—  Mrs.  L.  O.  Lee.  1315.   19  South  La 

Salle  street.  Chicago.  111. 

Woman's  Board  of  Missions  of  the  Pacific 
Secretary—  Mrs.  H.  M.  Tenney,  311  East  Lake 

avenue,   Watsonville.   Cal. 

The   Woman's  Home  Missionary  Federation 
President—  Mrs.    Hastings    H.    Hart.    7    Colden 

avenue.  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 
General  Secretary—  Miss  Miriam  F.  Choate    289 

4th  avenue.  New  York  city. 


Treasurer—  Mrs.    Harry   E.    Smith.    105    Mama- 
roneck  avenue.  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

LUTHERAN   DENOMINATION. 
Treasurer—  Henry     M.     Williams,      Cambridge 
General    Synod    of    Lutheran    Church    of    the 

United  States. 
President—  Rev.     V.     G.     A.     Tressler     D      D 

Springfield,    O. 
Secretary—  Rev.  F.  P.  Manhart,  D.  D.,   Selins- 

grove.    Pa. 

Treasurer—  Geo.     H.     Knollenberg,     Richmond, 
Ind. 

Missouri   Synod. 
President—  Rev.  F.  Pfotenhauer,  415  West  62d 

street,    Chicago.    111. 
Secretary—  Prof.    R.    D.    Biedermann.    Concordia 

Theological    seminary.    Springfield.    111. 
The  official  title  of  this  organization  is:    The 
Evangelical     Lutheran     Synod     of    Missouri, 
Ohio  and  other  states. 

Norwegian   Lutheran    Church    of   America. 
President—  Rev.     H.     F.     G.     Stab.     St.     Paul, 

Minn. 
Vice-President—Prof.  J.  P.  Kildahl,  D.  D..   St. 

Paul,    Minn. 
Secretary—  Rev.  N.  J.  Lohre,  M.  A.,  Mayville, 

N.    D. 

Treasurer—  Erik    Waldeland.     425     4th     street, 
south,    Minneapolis,    Minn. 


ALMANAC 


T~EvA.R-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


351 


The    Luther   League    of  America. 
President—  C     T     A.    Anderson,    Chicago,    HI. 
General    Secretary-Harry   Hodges.    846   Drexel 


r 

district    and    1,400    local    organizations. 

CHRISTIAN   SCIENCE   CHURCH. 
The    Christian    Science    church    was    founded 
in   1879  by  Mary  Baker  Eddy,  the  discoverer 
Christian   Science  and   author   of   its   text- 


ST 


S. 


a 

Church.     «Tl2  inSnt  officers  ol  The  Mother 
Church   are  : 

President—  John  W.   Doorley. 
derk-Charles   E     Jarv", 

Le     H™aut     de     Christian    Science     and     The 
ChrisUan    Science    Monitor  .<  ^n    international 
daily  newspaper)    are  published  by  The  Chris- 
-  tv    in    Bos*n. 


Christian    Science.         e 

bers  of  this  board  are  free  to  the  public. 

CHURCH  OF  THE  NEW  JERUSALEM 

[Swcdenborgian.] 
The    General   Convention, 

President-Rev.    Julian    K     Smyth,    230    West 

Fair- 


;  T.    246   Devon, 

shire  street.   Boston.  Mass. 

FEDERAL  COUNCIL  OF  THE  CHURCHES  OF 

CHRIST  IN  AMERICA. 
Organized  in  December.  1908. 
A  federation  officially  organized  and  includ- 
ing1 the  following-  denominations:  Baptist 
churches  (north).  National  Baptist  conven- 
tion Free  Baptist  churches.  Christian  church 
Christian  Reformed  Church  in  N.  A..  Churches 
of  God  in  the  U.  S.  (general  eldership)  Con 
greg-ational  churches.  Disciples  of  Christ 
Friends.  Evangelical  synod  of  N.  A..  Evangeli 
cal  association.  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South.  African 
Methodist  Episcopal  church.  African  Methodisl 
Episcopal  Zion  church.  Colored  Methodisl 
Episcopal  Church  in  America,  Methodisl 
Protestant  church.  Moravian  church.  Presby- 
terian Church  in  the  United  States  of  America 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States 


(south).  Primitive  Methodist  church.  Protest  - 
rnt  Episcopal  church  (commissions  on  Chris- 
iian  unity  and  social  service) ,  Reformed  Church 
in  America,  Reformed  Church  in  the  United 
States.  Reformed  Episcopal  church.  Reformed 
Presbyterian  church  (general  synod).  Seventh 
Day  Baptist  church.  United  Brethren  church. 
United  Evangelical  church.  United  Presbyterian 
church,  Welsh  Presbyterian  church. 

Officers — President,  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North: 
general  secretary.  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland: 
treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball;  chairman  of  the 
executive  committee.  Rev.  James  I.  Vance: 
chairman  of  the  administrative  committee.  Rev. 
Albert  G.  Lrwson. 

The  council  meets  Quadrennially  and  its 
executive  committee  annually.  Its  work  is 
carried  on  through  the  following  commissipns: 
The  church  and  social  service,  evangelism, 
Christian  education,  temperance,  church  and 
country  life,  interchurch  federations,  interna- 
tional justice  and  goodwill  relations  with  the 
orient,  relations  with  France  and  Belgium 
and  the  following  committees:  Foreign  mis- 
sions, home  missions  and  family  life  and  reli- 
gious rest  dny. 

The  national  offices  are  at  105  East  22d 
street.  Now  York.  N.  Y. 

An  office  is  maintained  in  the  Woodward 
building.  Washington.  D.  C. 

THE   YOUNG   MEN'S    CHRISTIAN 
ASSOCIATION. 

International  Committee  of  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associations  of  United  States  and 
Canada— Alfred  E.  Marling,  chairman:  William 
Sloane.  William  D.  Murray,  James  M.  Speers, 
vice-chairmen:  B.  H.  Fancher,  treasurer;  John 
R.  Mott,  general  secretary.  General  office,  347 
Madison  avenue.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  annual  report  of  1919  for  the  regular 
home  work  of  North  America  shows  2.077 
local  associations:  739,438  members:  $107.- 
830,300  net  property  and  funds:  5.076  em- 
ployed secretaries  and  officers;  269,731  dif- 
ferent men  in  regular  gymnasium  classes:  86,- 
734  men  in  educational  classes,  and  129.638 
in  bible  classes.  Included  in  the  above  are 
239  railroad  associations  with  86.339  mem- 
bers: 777  student  associations  with  58,209 
members:  239  local  organizations  in  143  coun- 
ties: 157  associations  among  colored  men  with 
20.654  members,  and  thirty-seven  organiza- 
tions among  the  regular  men  of  the  army  and 
navy. 

YOUNG    PEOPLE'S    CHRISTIAN    UNION    OF 
THE    UNIVERSALIST    CHURCH. 

President— Samuel     C.    Gushing-,     70     Newport 

street,    Arlington,    Mass. 
Secretary-Treasurer—Ralph    W.    E.    Hunt,    150 

Clark    avenue,    Portland,    Me. 

RELIGIOUS  EDUCATION  ASSOCIATION. 
Organized   Feb.    12,    1903. 

President— A.  C.  McGiffert,  LL.  D.,  New  York. 

N.  Y. 
Recording-    Secretary— Chailes   M.    Stuart,    Litt. 

D.,    Evanston.    111. 
General      Secret  ary— Henry      Frederick      Cope, 

D.  D..  Chicago,  111. 

Treasurer — David   R.    Forg-an,    Chicago.   111. 
Chairman     Executive     Board— Hon.     Jesse     A. 

Baldwin,   Chicago.   111. 

Executive  Offices— 1440  East  57th  street,  Chi- 
cago,  111. 

The  purpose  of  the  association  is  to  pro- 
mote the  improvement  and  extension  of  moral 
and  religious  education  through  existing 
asrencies  in  the  churches,  schools,  etc..  by 
serving  as  a  center,  a  clearing  house  and  » 
bureau  of  information  and  promotion.  Tn« 


352 


ALMANAC  AiND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


association  publishes  a  bimonthly  magazine, 
maintains  a  permanent  library  and  exhibit, 
superintends  local  guilds,  holds  general  con- 
ventions and  local  conferences.  It  enrolls  in 
its  membership  any  persons  interested  in 
moral  and  religious  education  regardless  of 
sectarian  or  theologrical  lines. 

AMERICAN    SUNDAY    SCHOOL    UNION. 

Headquarters,  1816  Chestnut  street,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

President — Martin   L.    Finckel. 

Recording-  Secretary— "William  H.   Hirst. 

Treasurer-^John  E.  Stevenson. 

Secretary  of  Missions— Rev.  George  P.  Wil- 
liams, D.  D. 

Secretary  of  Publications— James  McCon- 
aughy,  Litt.  D. 

UNITED   SOCIETY  OF  CHRISTIAN  EN- 
DEAVOR. 

Presidert— Rev.  Francis  E.  Clark,  D.  D., 
LL.  D. 

General  Secretary— Dr.  William  Shaw,  Chris- 
tian Endeavor  headquarters,  Boston,  Mass. 

Editorial    Secretary— Rev.    R.    P.    Anderson. 

Treasurer  and  Publication  Manager — A.  J. 
Shartle. 

Manager  Western  Office— R.  A.  Walker.  405. 
19  South  LaSalle  street,  Chicago. 

THE  SALVATION  ARMY. 

Founded  in  London,  July,  1865;  organize*! 
in  the  United  States  in  New  York.  N.  Y..  in 
March,  1880. 

Commander  in  Chief— Gen.  Bramwell  Booth. 
International    Headquarters — London,    England. 
American     National     Headquarters— 120     West 

14th   street.    New  York,    N.    Y. 
Commander    of     United    States    Forces — Evan- 

greline  C.   Booth. 
Western     Territorial     Headquarters— 108.     114 

North    Dearborn    street,    Chicago,    111. 
Western     Territorial     Commissioner  —  Thomas 

Estill. 

Posts  in  World— 9.859. 
Social    Institutions— 1.231. 
Officers  and  Cadets— 17.374.   . 

THE  VOLUNTEERS   OF  AMERICA. 
Organized  March   6,    1896;   incorporated  Nov. 

6,    1896. 
Commanders— Gens.    Ballington    and    Maud    B. 

Booth. 
National    Headquarters— 34   West    28th   street. 

New  York.  N.  Y. 

Northwestern     Headquarters— 1201-1213  Wash- 
ington  boulevard,    Chicago,    111. 
Territorial      Commander  —  Maj. -Gen.      Edward 

Fielding. 
National  Secretary— J.  W.  Merrill.  New  York. 

N     Y 
National   Treasurer— W.  J.  Crafts.   New  York, 

N.    Y. 

NATIONAL  SPIRITUALISTS'  ASSOCIATION. 
President— Dr.  George  B.  Wnrne.  Chicago.  HI. 
Vice-President—Joseph  P.  Whitwell,  St.  Paul. 

Minn. 
Secretary — George  W.  Kates,   600  Pennsylvania 

avenue.  S.  E.,   Washington.  D.  C. 
Treasurer— Cassius  L.  Stevens,  Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Trustees — I.    C.    I.    Evans,    Washington,    D.   C.: 

Mrs.    Eliza    Harlow    Goetz,    Baltimore,    Md.: 

Mark   A.   Barwise,    Bangor,   Me.:    Alonzo   M. 

Griffon.    Chicago,    HI.:    D.    A.    Herrick,    San 

Diego.  Cal. 

AMERICAN  TRACT  SOCIETY. 

Organized  1825. 

President— Willram  Phillips   Hall. 
General  Secretary— Judson.  Swift.  D.  D. 
Treasurer— Louis  Tag. 
Offices— Park    avenue    and    40th    street,    New 

York.   N.  Y. 


THE  FAMILY  ALTAR  LEAGUE. 
The  Family  Altar  league  is  a  worldwide 
company  of  people  who  have  made  a  cov- 
enant to  maintain  a  family  altar  in  their 
homes.  Covenant  cards  are  furnished  free  on 
request,  and  to  all  who  enroll  by  signing  the 
covenant  a  wall  card  certificate  of  membership 
is  sent  without  cost.  In  1919,  330.000  cards 
had  been  sent  out.  It  is  estimated  that  more 
than  70.000  new  family  altars  have  been  es- 
tablished and  250.000  lives  are  being  touched 
and  influenced  every  day  in  the  home  because 
of  the  league.  The  headquarters  are  at  402 
Marquette  building.  Chicago,  111.  The  officers 
are:  The  Rev.  W.  E.  Biederwolf,  D.  D..  pres- 
ident; Henry  P.  Crowell,  vice-president;  the 
Rev.  J.  W.  Nicely,  D.  D..  recording  secretary; 
E.  O.  Excell.  treasurer:  the  Rev.  William  Mat- 
thew Holderby,  general  secretary. 

INTERNATIONAL  ORDER  OF  THE  KING'S 
DAUGHTEP.S  AND  SONS. 

Headquarters— 280  Madison  avenue.  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

Honorary  President— Miss  Kate  Bond,  New 
York.  N.  Y. 

President— Mrs.  Robert  J.  Reed.  100  12th 
street.  Wheeling,  W.  Vn.. 

First  Vice-President—Miss  Annie  M.  Brown. 
Toronto,  Ont. 

Second  Vice-President — Miss  Jennie  C.  Bene- 
dict. Lpuisville.  Ky. 

Third  Vice-President — Miss  Susan  R.  Broken- 
shire.  Waltham,  Mass. 

General  Secretary— Miss  Clara  Morehouse.  280 
Madison  avenue.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Recording  Secretary — Mrs.  Fred  Derby.  Nar- 
berth.  Pa. 

Treasurer — Mrs.    K.    M.    Farnsworjh,    Nashua. 

Editor— Mrs.  R.  L.  McLaurin.  Vicksburgr.  Miss 

AMERICAN  BIBLE  SOCIETY. 
Bible  House.  Astor  Place,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

President — Churchill  Cutting. 

General  Secretaries— Rev.  William  L.  Haven, 
D.  D.:  Frank  H.  Mann. 

Recording-  Secretary— Rev.  Lewis  B.  Chamber- 
lain, M.  A. 

Treasurer— William  Foulke,  Bible  House.  New 
York.  N.  Y. 

Agency  Secretaries  in  the  United  States— Rev. 
S.  H.  Kirkbride.  D.  D..  McCormick  building. 
332  South  Michigan  avenue.  Chicago.  111.; 
Rev.  J.  P.  Wragg,  D.  D..  35  Gammon  ave- 
nue. Atlanta.  Ga.:  Rev.  M.  P.' Porter.  313A 
East  Grace  street.  Richmond.  Va.;  Rev. 
Arthur  F.  Ragatz.  D.  D..  Y.  M.  C.  A.  build- 
ing. Lincoln  and  16th  streets.  Denver.  Col.: 
Rev.  A.  Wesley  Mell.  122  McAllister  street. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.:  Rev.  J.  J.  Morgan.  1304 
Commerce  street.  Dallas,  Tex.;  Rev.  F.  P. 
Parkin,  D.  D..  701  Walnut  street,  Philadel- 
phia. Pa.;  R^v.  Frank  Marston,  D.  D..  424 
Elm  street,  Cincinnati.  O.:  Rev.  H.  J.  Scudder, 
B.  D..  137  Montague  street.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 


RELIGIONS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

[F^om  Whitaker's  Almanack.  1 

Roman  Catholic 272,860,000 

Eastern    churches 120,000000 

Protestant     churches 171,650,000 


Total    Christians 564.510,000 

•T^ws    12.205.000 

Mohammedans    221825000 

Buddhists    138.031.000 

Hindus    210.540.000 

Confucianists  and  Taoists 300,830.000 

Shintoists   ...  25.000.000 

Animists    158.270.000 

Unclassified   15280000 


Total    non-Christian     1,081.981,000 

Grand  total 1 .646.491 .000 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


353 


CHURCHES  AND  MEMBERSHIP  IN  1916  AND  1906 
[From  report  of  the  govern  merit  census  bureau,  1918. 

] 
1  —  1006  '"  -" 

Denominations. 

Organi- 
zations. 
228.007 
2.694 
534 
2.038 
22 
13 
87 
29 

if! 

57 
58.780 
8.178 
23,692 
21.754 
10 

if! 

HE 

12 
518 
46 
383 
255 
117 
2.282 
317 

i.*8 

«04 
202 

13 

458 
161 
118 
17 
72 
80 
10 
112 
72 
9 

f! 

Members. 
42.044,374 
118.225 
30.975 
82.287 
848 
658 
3.457 
611 
27.450 
6,716 
2,884 
7.236,650 
1,227.448 
2,711,591 
3.018.341 
456 
7.980 
12.257 
54.812 
14.183 

33.427 
3.902 
20.046 
23,266 
6.872 
87,359 
14.847 
679 
134.373 
105.649 
3,399 
24.260 
136 
929 
13,244 
3.896 
5,455 
476 
1,389 
1.820 
208 
5,389 
3.805 
432 
1,152 
5.639 

Min- 
isters.   : 
191,722 
1.463 
770 
582 
46 
15 
50 
30 
17 
600 

'48.'992 
8,631 
15.946 
19.423 
9 
75 

l?l 

294 
3 
589 
47 
494 
393 
110 
1.292 
600 
35 
3.636 
3.054 
215 
351 
7 
9 

Organi- 
zations. 
212.230 
2.551 

1.889 
10 
12 

Io2 

73 

Members. 
32.936.445 
93,735 
26.799 
62.211 
354 
509 
2.124 
436 
19.889 

Min- 
isters. 
164.830 
1.152 
528 
488 
20 

!°6 
59 
12 

Advent  Christian  

Seventh-Day  Adventist 

Church  of  God  (Adventist)  

Life  and  Advent  Union  

American  Rescue  Workers  

Assemblies  of  God.  General  Council* 
Bahaisf  

24 
54,880 
8.272 
21.104 
18,534 
16 
77 
1.346 
608 
251 
15 
518 
76 

1.280 
5.662.234 
1.052.105 
2.009.471 
2.261.607 
685 
8,381 
81.359 
40.280 
14.489 
298 
30.097 
5.180 

'4:3.  790 
7.360 
13,316 
17.117 
8 
90 
1.160 
600 
136 

526 
100 

Baptist  bodies  

Southern  Convention  

National  Convention   (Colored)  .  . 
General  Six  Principle 

Seventh-Day  •  

Free  

Free  Will 

Free  Will  (Colored)                   .   .. 

Free  Will  (Bullockites) 

General  

Separate  

Regular*    

United     

196 
93 
2.922 
797 
55 
1.097 
822 
68 

2°63 

13.698 
6.416 
102.311 
35.076 
781 
97.144 
76.547 
3.388 
17.042 
167 

••'266 
99 
1.500 
1.480 
35 
2.255 
1.784 
195 
269 
7 

Duck  River    etc 

Primitive    

Colored  Primitive 

Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit  

Brethren  (German  Baptist  Dunkers) 
Church  of  the  Brethren  (Cons.)  .  .  . 
Old  Order  German  Baptist  

Brethren  Church    (Progressive)  .  .  . 
German  Seventh-Day  Baptists  
Church  of  God  (New  Dunkers)*.. 
Brethren  (Plymouth)  

403 
134 
128 

10.566 
2.933 

4  752 

Brethren  Plymouth  I  

Brethren  Plymouth  II                  ... 

Brethren  Plymouth  III 



81 
60 

1.724 
1.157 

Brethren.  Plymouth  IV  

Brethren.  Plymouth  V*  

Brethren  Plymouth  VI* 

Brethren  (River) 

248 
203 
25 

12 

111 

74 

2t 

74 
62 
12 
24 
11 
13 
70 

4.569 
3.397 
423 
749 
3.165 

216 
170 

1! 

15 

1 
14 
33 

i 

Brethren  in  Christ  

Old  Ordpr  or  Yorker  .    . 

United  Zion's  Children  

Buddhists  

Japanese  Temples  

13 

20 
M5 
168 
220 
1.274 

5.639 
6.596 
2.768 
3.828 
2.922 
10,104 
13.692 
117,853 

13 
20 

3JL65 
4.927 
2.907 
2.020 
1.412 

Catholic  Apostolic  Churches  . 

Catholic  Apostolic 

Christadelphians  

Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance*.. 
Christian  Union  

114 

ijn 

217 
1.379 
638 
48 

13.905 
110,117 
85,717 
1.823 

295 
1.011 
1.276 
75 

Christian  Church  (Amer.  Conv.)  
Church  of  Christ    Scientist! 

Church  of  God  and  Saints  of  Christ 
Church  of  Messianic  Message*.... 

95 

51599| 
443 
192 
28 
154 
10 
123 
108 
15 
19 

12 

5.844 
8.255 
303 

4 
88 
2 
169 

3.311 
266 
319,211 
7.721 
28,376 
11.607 
1.743 
9.598 
266 
7.085 
6.353 
733 
1,901 
1.534 
367 
790,163 
1.231,404 
250.340 
410 
1.992 
120.371 
1.994 
99.681 
14.301 

101 

2.507 
477 
427 
344 
30 
300 
14 
122 
§7 
5 

Churches  of  Christ     .    . 

2.649 

159.658 

2.100 

Churches  of  God.  Gen.  Assembly*  .  . 
Churches  of  God.  Gen.  Eldership... 
Churches  of  the  Living-  God   (Col.). 
Church  of  the  Living  God* 

518 
68 

24.356 
4.276 

482 
101 

Church  of  the  L.  G.   (C.  W.  F.  F.). 
Church  of  the  L.  G.  (Assembly)  .  .  . 
Churches  of  the  New  Jerusalem  

44 
15 
133 
119 
14 
22 
7 

2'?I1 

7.247 
6.612 
635 

2.272 
1  756 

51 
30 
130 

108 
22 

General  Church  

Communistic  Societies 

Amana  Society 

Shakers  

15 
5.713 
8.293 
411 

516 
700.480 
982.701 
129.606 

'  '5!S03 
6.641 
108 

Congregational  Churches 

6.040 
5.938 
356 
3 
3 
125 
2 
164 
29 

Disciples  of  Christ 

Eastern  Orthodox  Churches  
Albanian   Church*  

Bulgarian  Church* 

Greek  Church  (Hellenic) 

334 

90.751 

35 

Roumanian  Church*  

Russian   Church  

59 
10 

19.111 
15.742 

5i 

Serbian  Church.  .  . 

354 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


i  m  fi 

1906 

( 

Denominations.                                       2 

>rgani- 
;ations. 

25 

Members. 
11  591 

Min-  "  '( 
isters.    2 
30 

)rgani- 
;ations. 

Members. 
4.002 

Min-  ' 
isters. 
& 

1fi17 

120  756 

1  051 

1  760 

104  898 

942 

Evangelical  Protestant   Church.  

37 

17  962 

34 

66 

34  704 

69 

Evangelistic  Associations.  . 

207 

13  933 

444 

182 

10  842 

356 

Apostolic  Church* 

2 

112 

5 

Apostolic  Christian  Church  

54 

4  766 

50 

42 

4  558 

Apostolic  Faith  Movement  

24 

2  196 

26 

6 

538 

ig 

Christian  Congregation 

rf 

645 

32 

9 

395 

26 

Church  of  Daniel's  Band  

393 

14 

4 

92 

16 

Ch.  of  God  as  Organized  by  Christ* 

17 

227 

16  , 

Church  Transcendent*     .                ... 

91 

2 

Hephzibah  Faith  Missionary  Assn. 
Lumber  River  Mission  

*1 

352 
434 

38 

10 

293 

265 

3t 

Metropolitan  Church  Association.  . 
Missionary  Church  Association  
Peniel  Missions  

7 
2§ 

704 
1.554 
257 

122 

si 
11 

466 
1.256 
703 

29 
35 
30 

Pentecost  Bands  of  the  World  
Pillar  of  Fire    (Pentecost  Union)  .. 
Voluntary  Missionary  Soc.   (Col.)  . 
Free  Christian  Zion  Church  (Col.).. 

10 
21 
4 
35 

1  008 

218 
1,129 
855 
6.225 
114  714 

40 
26 
11 
29 

1  282 

16 

f 

15 

1  147 

487 
230 
425 
1,835 
113  772 

50 
35 
11 
20 
1  479 

790 

94  111 

1  232 

*873 

91  161 

1  325 

Friends  (Hicksite)     

166 

17  170 

218 

18  560 

'  97 

Friends  (Wilburite)    .. 

50 

3373 

50 

48 

3  880 

47 

Friends  (Primitive)   

2 

'   60 

8 

171 

1O 

German  Evangelical  Synod  

1  349 

342  788 

"i'078 

1  205 

293  137 

972 

Holiness  Church* 

32 

908 

28 

Independent  Churches  

559 

53433 

64 

1  079 

73  673 

International  Apost.  Holiness  Church 
Jacobite  Church   Assyrian*              . 

170 
15 

5.276 
7A8 

259 
1 

74 

2.774 

178 

Jewish  Congregations  

1  897 

359  998 

719 

1  769 

101  457 

1.084 

Latter-Day  Saints  .         

1  531 

462  332 

5  990 

l'l84 

256  647 

1  774 

'906 

403  391 

4  790 

(3o3 

215  796 

824 

Reorganized  Ch.  of  Jesus  Christ... 
Lithuanian  National  Catholic  Ch.*.. 

565 

7 

58,941 
7  343 

1.200 

501 

40.851 

950 

13  916 

2  463  265 

9,232 

12,703 

2.112  494 

7,841 

General  Synod  

1  8-*5 

370  616 

1  514 

1  734 

270  221 

1.311 

United  Synod   South                       ... 

492 

66  656 

259 

449 

47  747 

226 

2  389 

535  108 

1  664 

2  146 

462  177 

1  393 

Synodical  Conference  

3  017 

777  438 

2  918 

3  301 

648  529 

2,385 

2  743 

320  129 

1  166 

2  376 

326  007 

934 

29  893 

121 

272 

33  °68 

122 

Synod  for  Norwegian  Church  
United  Norwegian  Church  

1  399 

112.773 
177  463 

447 
598 

927 
1  177 

107.712 
185  027 

359 
453 

827 

165  116 

567 

772 

123  408 

647 

Synod  of  Buffalo  

42 

6  128 

38 

33 

5.270 

27 

Eielsen's  Synod  

20 

1  206 

6 

26 

1  013 

6 

965 

130  793 

586 

828 

110'254 

483 

102 

14  562 

71 

92 

12  541 

68 

Icelandic  Synod  

14 

l'830 

5 

14 

2  101 

10 

15 

2  978 

23 

11 

3  275 

17 

135 

18  881 

32 

105 

12  907 

24 

Luth.  Free  Church   (Norwegian).. 
United  Danish  Lutheran  Church... 
Finnish  Lutheran  National  Church 
Finnish  Apostolic  Luth.  Church.  .  . 
Lutheran  Brethren  

378 
194 

28,180 
17,324 
7,933 
6.664 

169 

l| 

36 

320 
198 
66 
68 
16 

26.928 
16.340 
10.111 
8.170 

482 

140 
7 

Jehovah  Conference  

Q 

QO-J 

9 

735 

9 

840 

79  591 

1  398 

604 

54  798 

1  006 

Mennonite  Church  

307 

34  965 

509 

220 

18  674 

346 

Hutterian  Brethren*  

17 

982 

Conservative   Amish       . 

14 

1  066 

30 

Old  Order  Amish  

90 

7  893 

253 

46 

5  043 

141 

Church  of  God  in  Christ      

21 

1  125 

17 

18 

562 

17 

Old  Order  Mennonite   (Wisler)  
Reformed  Mennonite 

22 

25 

1.608 
1  281 

32 
26 

& 

655 

2  079 

18 
34 

General  Conference  of  Mennonites. 
Defenseless  Mennonites  

117 
11 

15,407 
854 

194 

24 

90 
14 

11.661 
967 

143 
26 

Mennonite  Brethren  in  Christ  

110 
53 

4.737 
5.127 

95 

81 

68 

2.801 

70 

13 

894 

34 

Q 

708 

17 

Kleine  Gemeinde*  

3 

171 

7 

Central  Conference  of  Mennonites. 
Conf  .  of  Defenseless  Mennonites.  .  . 

17 
15 
5 

2.101 
1.171 

209 

33 

22 
9 

13 

8 

1.363 
545 

18 
17 

Methodist  bodies  

65  537 

7  165  986 

45  801 

64  701 

5  749  838 

39  737 

29  377 

3  718  396 

18  GA2 

29  943 

2  986  154 

17  479 

Methodist  Protestant 

2  464 

186  873 

1  340 

2  8^3 

178  544 

1  852 

Wesleyan  M°thodist  

585 

20  846 

436 

594 

20  0^3 

553 

Primitive   Methodist  

94 

§44-2 

74 

96 

7  558 

80 

Methodist.  Episconp  1,  South  

19.122 
197 

.061 
12  503 

7.498 
250 

17.831 
305 

1.638,480 
14  7°9 

5.811 
324 

Free  Methodist  

1.605 

35.287 

1,397 

1  553 

32  838 

1  270 

New  Congregational  Methodist  

24 

1.256 

27 

'  35 

1.782 

59 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


355 


•  -1916                                                 1906 

Organi- 

Denominations.                                         rations. 

Min-  ^  Organi-                               Min- 
Memberg.      isters.     rations.      Members,      isters. 
552.265        8.175       6.647         494.777        6.200 
258.433        3.962       2.204         184.542        3.082 
2  017              33      .    .           

African  Meth.  Episcopal.  Zion  2,738 
Colored  Methodist  Protestant*  
Union  American  Meth.  Episcopal..            67 
Afiican  Union  Meth.  Proiustant..  .             59 
Colored  Methodist  .Episcopal  2,621 

3.624            205             77              4.347              64 
3.751            260             69              5.592            187 
245,749        3.402       2.381          172,996        2.671 
3.977              40             45              3.059              33 
1.310             35  .,                                  

Reformed  Zion  Union  Apostolic...             47 
African  American  Meth.  .Episcopal*            28 
Reformed  Meth.  Union  Episcopal.. 

2.196              25             58              4.397              72 
28.407            185          132           17.926           128 
26.373           138          117           17.155            126 
1.714             44             15                 771                3 
320                3                                                    .    . 

Moravian  Church  (  Unitas  Pratrum)          110 
Bohemian  and  Moravian  Brethren.            23 
Independent  Bohem.  and  Morav*.. 
Nonsectarian  Churches  of  Bible  Faith 
Old  Catholic  Churches  in  America*.. 
Old  Roman  Catholic  Church*                       12 

2.273              26          204              6,396              50 
14200             31  

4  700              12 

475                7  .  . 

Catholic  Church  of  N    A  *                              6 

9  025              12   . 

Pentecostal  Church  of  the  Nazarene.         879 

32.475           897          100              6.657           170 
5.473            278  .  . 

Polish  National  Church                                     34 

28.245             45             24           15.473             24 
2.257.439      13.602     15.506      1.830,555      12.456- 
1.613.056        9.299       7.936      1.179.566        7.603 
72.056            728       2.850          195.770        1.514 
13.314           430          196           18.066           375 
14.536             67          147           13.280              87 
160.726           995          968         130.342           994 
357.566        1,820       3.104         266.345        1.606- 
490                7             22                 786              12 
15,124           106          141           13,201           111 
8.185           135          114              9.122           128- 
2.386              15             27             3.620              26 
1.098.173        5.544       6.845         886.942        5.368- 
533,356        2.212       2.535         449.514        2.03& 
144.166           756          659         124.938           710 
340,671        1.242       1.736         292,654        1,180- 
38.668           185          174           26.669            131 
9,851              29             16              5.253              18 
11.050              88             81               9,682              84 
5.742.263      20.287    12.482   12.079.142      15.177 
35,975        2.848          694           22.908        3.030 
37,748           495          408           27.712           495 
29.096           331          281            20,760           347 
6.208              96          127              6.952           148 
2  444              68 

Presbyterian  bodies                  15,812 

Presbyterian  in  the  USA         ..         9,648 

Cumberland  Presbyterian  1,269 

Colored  Cumberland  Presbyterian  .  .         140 
Welsh  Calvinistic  Methodist          .            134 

United  Presbyterian                                      991 

Presbyterian  in  the  United  States  .       3.368 
Associate  Synod  of  North  America 
Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian  .  .          133 
Reformed  Presbyterian  Synod  103 
Reformed  Presbyterian.  Gen.  Synod           14 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church          ...         7,425 

Reformed  bodies  2.711 

Reformed  in  America  708 

Reformed  in  the  United  States  1.731 
Christian   Reformed                                       226 

Hungarian  Reformed  46 

Reformed  Episcopal  Church        .    ...             75 

Roman  Catholic  Church                 ..        17.621   ] 

Salvation  Army  751 

Scandinavian  Evangelical  Bodies  459 
Swedish  Mission  Covenant            .  .            325 

Swedish  Free  Church                                   102 

Norwegian-Danish  Free  Church*...            32 
Schwenkf  elders  6 

1.127                4               8                 725                6 
950              10             17              1.262              15 
2,850                6               5              2.040  t  

Social  Brethren  19 

Society  for  Ethical  Culture  5 

Spiritualists    ....            S69 

28.983           620          455           35.056           185 
23.152           600          455           35.056           185 
6.831              20  ... 

Spiritualists  (National  Assn.)  348 
Progressive  Spiritualist  Church*...             11 
Temple  Society  in  the  United  States. 
Theosophical  Societies  176 

260                2               3                 376                3- 

6.368                2             85              2  336 

Theosophical  Society   17 

199                1             14                 166 

Theosophical  Society.  New  York.  .  . 
Theosophical  Soc..  Amer.  Section..          157 
Universal  Brotherhoodt                                    1    . 

72                1               1                   90 

5097      69             2080 

Unitarians  414 

82.315           531          461           70.542           541 
367.620        2.319       4.304         296,050        2.435 
348.490        1.912       3.732         274,649        1.936 
19,130           407          572           21,401           500 
90,007            610          978           69,882           553 
68.433           561           846           64.158           724 
190                3               4                 340    
10.204           307            71              2.194           302 
available. 

THE   UNITED    STATES    (1917). 
311  for  The   Christian  Herald.] 
Corn- 
Denominations.                 Churches,  municants. 
6.  Free  280           16,380 

United  Brethren  bodies       3.881 

United  Brethren  in  Christ                         3.478 

United  Brethren  (Old  Constitution)          403 
United  Evangelical  Church  954 

Universalists                          638 

Vedanta  Society!                                                  3 

Volunteers  of  America  97 

•Hot  in   1906   census.      tFull  statistics  not 

STATISTICS   OF   CHURCHES   OF 
1  Compiled  by  Dr.  H.  K.  Caxr 
Corn- 
Denominations.                 Churches,  municants. 
Adventists—  1.  Evangelical..         *18              *481 
2.  Advent  Christians  640           30,316 

7.  Freewill  ..                                 8b4           67.231 

3.  Seventh  Day...                     2.076           83.239 

8.   General  645           34000 

4.  Church  of  God..                        22                 800 

9.  Separate  ...                               *76           *5  180 

5.  Life  and  Advent  Union         *12              *509 
0.  Churches     of     God     in 
Christ  Jesus  66             2.224 

10.  United  .                                    *196         *13  698 

11.  Baptist  Church  of  Christ         *93           *6,416 
12.  Primitive  *2  922       »102  311 

Total  Adventists  !      £,C34         117.5R9 
Baptists—  1.  Baptist  (North)     9,703      1.368.046 
2.  Baptist   (South)..        ..   23,376     2.592,558 

13.  Primitive  (Colored)....       *797         *35.076 
14.  Old    Two  -Seed  -in-  tho- 
Spirit  Predestinarian  .          *55               *781 
16.  Church     of     God     and 
Saints  of  Christ..      .           *48           *1  823 

3.  Baptist    (National)  18,600     2.200.000 
4    Six  Principle                                13                 731 

6.  Seventh  Day.  ..                          67             8,162 

Total  Baptists  57.604     6.442.393 

856 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Corn- 
Denominations.                 Churches,  municants. 
Brethren  (Dunkards)  — 
1.  Conservative  ..                        992        100.000 

Denominations.                 Churches. 
Faith  Associations— 
1.  Apost.  Faith  Movement          *6 

Com- 
municants. 

*538 

2.  Old  Order.  .  .                                70             3  500 

2.  Peniel  Missions                        *11 

»7no 

3.  Progressive   .                           206           24  679 

3.  Metrop    Church  °A°ssn*  *"           *6 

•4-fift 

4.  Seventh  Day  (German)             3                184 

4.  Hephzibah  Faith  Assn.         »10 

*293 

Tot  Dunkard  Brethren      1  271         128  363 

6.  Heavenly  Recruit  .    .             *27 

*938 

Brethren  (Plymouth)  — 
1.  Brethren  I...                           *134           *2  933 

7.  Apostolic  Christian  *42 
8.  Christian  Congregation.           *9 

•4.558 
•395 

2.  Brethren  II  •  128           »4.752 

9.  Voluntary  Soc.   (Col.)  ,           *3 

•425 

3.  Brethren  III  *81           *1,724 
4.  Brethren  IV  *60           *1.157 

Total  Faith  Association        146 

9.672 

Friends—  1.  Orthodox...                 748 

*1,835 
97  514 

Tot.  Plymouth  Brethren        403          10.566 

2.   "Hicksite"    .                             159 

17  698 

Brethren  (River)  — 

3.  "wiiburite"  ........::.     its 

*3  880 

1    Brethren  in  Christ        .  .           68             3  731 

*171 

2.  Old  Order  (Yorker)  *9               *423 
3    United  Zion's  Children          *28              *749 

Total  Friends  963 

119  °63 

Friends  of  Temple                            *3 

•  070 

Total  River  Brethren.  .         105            4.903 
Buddhists— 

German  Evang.  Protestant.          *66 
German  Evangelical  Synod.      1.419 
Jewish  Congregations  1,769 

•34.704 
279,964 
143,000 

2.  Japanese  Temples  *12           *3.165 

Latter-Day  Saints  — 
1.  Utah  Branch  913 

345.000 

Total  Buddhists  24            3,165 

2.  Reorganized  Branch....         835 

75,000 

Catholic  Apostolic— 
1.  Catholic  Apostolic  *11           *2.907 
2    New   Apostolic                        *13           *°  0°0 

Tot.  Latter-Day  Saints.      1.748 
Lutherans  — 
1.  General  Synod  1.857 

420.000 
364  072 

2.  United  Synod  South..  .          404 

63  226 

Total  Catholic  Apostolic          24            4.927 
Catholics  (Eastern  Orthodox)  — 
1.  Armenian  Apostolic  —           55           65.000 
2.  Russian  Orthodox  260         100.000 

3.  General  Council  2  457 
4.  Synodical  Conference...      3.639 
5.  Norwegian  of  America.      3.378 
(Independent  Synods) 
6.  Ohio  916 

507,966 
807,017 
300,000 

138  542 

3.  Greek  Orthodox  70     '    175.000 

7.  Buffalo   49 

7  395 

t.  Syrian  Orthodox  32           50.000 

8.  Eiclsen's  26 

1  232 

.  Serbian  Orthodox  44           76,000 

9.  Iowa  1056 

125  458 

6.  Roumanian  Orthodox...           *5         *20.000 

10.  Danish  'l!2 

14  463 

7.  Bulgarian  Orthodox....             4             4,500 

11.  Icelandic  55 

4  598 

12.  Immanuelo  26 

19  000 

Total  Eastern  Catholics       470        490  500 

13.   Suomi  (Finnish)  .                    151 

16  511 

Catholics  (Western)  — 
1.  Roman  Catholic  15.670  14,618,197 

14.  Finnish  Apostolic  309 
15.  Finnish  National  72 
16.  Norwegian  Free  ,           420 

22.000 
2o!536 

3.  American  Old  Catholic.          42           25,000 

17.  Danish  United  185 
18.  Lutheran  Brethren  18 

14.996 
2.000 

Total  Western  Catholics  15.757  14.663.342 

Independ't  Congregat'ns        257 

33.925 

Christadelphiana  70            1500 

Total  Lutherans  15  517 

2  460  937 

Christians                            .     .      1.360         106  159 

Scandinavian  Evangelical  bodies  — 

Christian  Catholic  (Dowie),         *17           *5.865 
Christian  Union  330           16.825 

1.  Swedish  Ev.  Miss.  Cov.          279 
2.  Swedish  Ev.  Free  Miss.         154 

40.000 
18  500 

Church  of  Christ.  Scientist.     1,569   
Churches  of  God                            514           28  575 

3.  Norwegian  Evang.  Free        153 

4.400 

Churches  of  the  Living-  God  (Colored)  — 
1    Christian  Workers       ..         *44           *2  676 

Total  Scand.  Evang  586 
Mennonites  —  1.  Mennonite..         257 

62.900 
14  148 

2    Apostolic                                    *15               *752 

2.  Bruderhoef  20 

3    Church  of  Christ  in  God           *9               *858 

3.  Amish  64 

QOQQ 

Tot.  Ch.  of  Living  God.          68            4.286 

4.  Amish  (Old  Order)  60 
5.  Amish   (Conservative)  .           23 
6.  Reformed  15 

5.496 
2.619 
1  189 

Churches  of  New  Jerusalem— 
1.  General  Convention  124             8.500 
2    General  Church                         22             1  272 

7.  General  Conference.  .  .  .         130 
8.   Church  of  God  9 

17.037 
300 

Total  New  Jerusalem...        146           9,772 

10.  Bundes  Conference  27 
11.  Defenseless                                   14 

1,421 
2i425 
824 

Church  Transcendent  3                148 

12.  Mennonite  Brethren....         140 
Miscellaneous  48 

5.616 
4  646 

1.  Shakers  ....                                 6                233 

2    Amana                                         *7           *1  756 

Total  Mennonites  828 

66  542 

Total  Communistic  Soc.          13            1,989 
Congregationalists       .     ...       6089        807993 

Methodists— 
1.  Methodist  Episcopal....   28.410 
2.  Union  American  M.  E.         225 

3.886.586 
20.000 

Disciples  of  Christ— 
1.  Disciples  of  Christ  8.961     1.236,808 
2.  Churches  of  Christ  *2,649       *159.658 

Total  Disciples  .11  610     1  396  466 

3.  African  M.  E  6.000 
4.  African  Union  M.  Prot.         125 
5.  African  M.  E.  Zion  3.180 
6.  Methodist  Protestant...      2.400 
7.  Wesleyan  Methodist  2.600 

620.000 
4,000 
668,608 
201.110 
20.500 

Evangelical  bodies— 

8.  Methodist  Epis.  South.    17.015 
9.  Cong.  Methodist...                  333 

2,143.395 
15  529 

1.  Evangelical  Association     1.597        119.855 
2.  United  Evangelical  Ch..         947           89.628 

Total  Evaner.  bodies.  .  .     2.544        209.483 

10.  New  Cong'l  Methodist.          *35 
11.   Zion  Union  Apostolic.  .          »45 
12.  Colored  Meth.  Epis  3.285 
13.  Primitive  Methodist....        294 

•1.782 
•3.059 
251,660 
28.600 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


35T 


Corn- 
Denominations.  Churches,  municants. 

14.  Free    Methodist  .........      1.175  34.956 

15.  Ref.  Meth.  Union  Epis.         5230 

M 


.         .  . 

16.  Independent  Methodist. 


1.161 


j. 

Mara, 


Total  Methodists  .......  62.954 

.vians—  1.  Moravians...        125 
FnionBohem.  &  Morav.          21 


Total  Moravians  ......  . 

onsectar'n  Bible  Faith  Chs. 


2.  Apostolic 


146 

204 

041 

72 


7,782.018 
2}-535 
1.000 

22.535 
6.396 

33.419 

2.700 


Tot.  Pentecostal  bodies.     1.013          36.119 


9.831 

Mai 

142 

982 


8.120 

80 


Presbyterians  — 

1.  Northern  ............. 

2.  Cumberland  ........  .... 

3.  Cumberland  (Colored)  . 

4.  Welsh  Calvinistic  ...... 

5.  United   ................ 

6.  Southern  .............. 

7.  Associate  .............. 

§.  Associate  Ref..  South.. 
.  Reformed  (Synod)..... 

10.  Reformed  (Gen.  Synod) 

11.  Reformed  Covenanted.. 

Total  Presbyterians..., 
Protestant  Episcopal— 

1.  Protestant   Episcopal.., 

2.  Reformed  Episcopal  — 

Total  Protestant  Epis.. 
Reformed— 

1.  Reformed  (Dutch)  ..... 

2.  Reformed  (German)  .  .  . 

3.  Christian  Reformed  ..... 

4.  Hungarian  Reformed... 

Total   Reformed  ........ 

Reformed  Catholic  ......... 

Salvation  Army  ............. 

Schwenkf  elders  ............. 

Social  Brethren  ............. 

Society  for  Ethical  Culture 
Spiritualists  ............... 

Theosophical  Society  ....... 

Unitarians  ................. 

United  Brethren— 

1  .  United  Brethren  .  .  .  .....  . 

2.  Unit.  Breth.  (Old  Cons.) 

Total  United  Brethren 
Universalists   ..........  .  ..... 

Independent  Congregations  . 

Grand  total  in  1917  .  .  .226.609 
Grand  total  in  1916.  .  .225.603 
•Census  of  1906. 

MINISTERS  (1917)  . 
Denomination. 


1,581.443 

65.644 

18.066 

14.668 

158,460 

359.335 


3.625 
40 

1^6.372     2.225.879 


1.071.901 
11.465 


8.200     1.083.366 

132.172 
327.508 
39.381 
15.000 


40.515.126 
39.941.811 


42  2^9 

Brethren  '(Dunkards)  '.'.  '.*.*.'.  *.'..'.'.'.'.'. '.!...     3.687 
Brethren  (River) 


Buddhists 

Catholic  Apostolic 

Catholics  (Eastern)   ...........  --  .......  nn  A. 

Catholics  (Roman)   .....................  20,4 

Catholics  (other) 

Christian  Catholic'  (Dowie) 

Christian  Union..  ...........  .  •  o  i    o 

Church  of  Christ  (Scientist)  ............  3.138 

Churches  of  God....  ....................  f£l 

Churches  Living  God.  ..................  1O1 

Churches  New  Jerusalem  ................  R  i«  J 

Congregationalisms   ......................  6.660 

Disciples  of  Chnst  ......................  8.057 

Evangelical  Bodies  ......................  1.576 

Faith  Associations  .....................  241 

Free  Christian  Zion  .....................  ,     20 

Friends  ................................  W79 


Social  Brethren 
Society  Ethical  Culture 


Denomination.  Number. 

Friends  of  Temple  ......................  3 

German  Evangelical  Protestant  .........  69 

German  Evangelical  Synod  .............     1.096 

Jewish  Congregations  .................  ..     1.084 

Latter-Day   Saints  .......................     4.460 

Lutherans  ........................  •••»..     0.823 

candinavian  Evangelical..  ..............         661 

lennonites  .............................     1.521 

lethodists  ............................  42.176 

Moravians    .........................  .  ...         146 

Nonsectarian  Bible  Faith  Churches  .....          60 

Pentecostal  Bodies  ......................     1.011 

Presbyterians  ..........................  14.124 

Protestant  Episcopal  ...................     6.704 

Reformed  ..............................     2.224 

Reformed  Catholic  ............  .  ......... 

Salvation  Army  ..............  ...........     3.072 

Schwenkfelders  ....................  ....  6 

15- 
7 

Unitarians 
United  Brethren. 
Universalista  ... 
Independent   ... 

Total  in  1917  ..........................  181.808 

Total  in  1918  ..........................  180.664 

TOTAL   BY   TEARS. 

Year.                        Communicants.  Increase. 

1917  ....................  40.515.315  673.315 

1916  ....................  39.941.811  756.867 

1915  ................  39.184.944  542.962 

1914  ....................  38.641.982  782.007 

1913  ....................  37.859.975  1.235.513 

1912  ....................  36.624.462  528.777 

Average  annual  gain  in  this  period.  736.642. 

SUNDAY  SCHOOLS  IN  THE  UNITED 

STATES    (1916). 

[Report  of  government  census  bureau,  1918.J 

Schools.     Scholars. 

All  denominations  ..........  195.276  19.951.675 

99. 


South  ....................   18.438 

Colored  ..................  20.333 

Other  (14  bodies)  ........     1.196 


Adventists  (5  bodies) 2.396 

Baptists— North  8.291  1.024.1 

1.656.324 
1.204.328 
70.445 
Brethren  (Dunkards)  — 

Ch.  of  Brethren  (Conser.)  1.288  112.287 

Other  (4  bodies) 209  24.789 

Christian  Church 1.075  89.853 

Church  of  Christ 3.456  168164 

Congregationalists 6.680  654.102 

Disciples  ol  Christ 7.753  953.618 

Eastern  Orthodox- 
Greek  Church 18  1123 

Russian  Church 128  6.'783 

Other  (5  bodies) 22  1.291 

Evangelical  Association 1.573  172129 

Friends— Orthodox 723  65^54 

Other  (3  bodies) 115  6.540 

German  Evangelical  Synod.  1.243  146081 

Jewish  Congregations 700  67.035 

Latter-Day  Saints- 
Church  of  Jesus  Christ . . .  1.084  162  924 
Reorganized  Church _  558  28.222 

Lutherans— General  Synod. .  1.806  311  291 

General  Council 2,383  306.785 

Synodical  Conference 1.583  110098 

Synod  for  Norwegian 465  24.313 

United  Norwegian 897  44.645 

Synod  of  Ohio 717  66.867 

Synod  of  Iowa  808  38.120 

Other  (14  bodies) 1.621  9&.Q98 

Mennonites  (16  bodies)....  665  79.621 

Methodists— 


Methodist  Episcopal 28.54 

Methodist  Episcopal.  South  1 


Methodist 
Other  white   .. 
African  Meth. 


=atant 

bodies)... 

iscopal.. 


16.668 
2.104 
1.973 
6,373 


858 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


Schools. 

African  Meth.  Epis.  Zion      2.565 

Colored  Meth.  Episcopal. 

Other  Colored  (6  bodies) 
Presbyterians—. 

Presbyterian  in  U.  S.  A.. 

Presbyterian  in  U.  S  ..... 

United  Presbyterian  ......          . 

Other  (7  bodies)  ..........     1. 

Protestant  Episcopal  ........     5.80. 


2^543 
203 

9.713 
3.258 
1.019 


in  America  .....  790 

Reformed  in  US  .........  1.712 

Other  (2  bodies)  .......... 

Roman  Catholic  ............  12.761 


United  Brethren  in  unnsi     3,294 
Unit.  Brethren  (OldConst.)         381 

United  Evangelical 943 

All  other  (81  bodies) 5.812 

Total     number    of     officers     and 
1.959.918. 

CONSTITUENT  BODIES   OF   THE 

COUNCIL. 

Denominations.  Churches. 

Baptist  Churches.  North....     8.J78 
National  Baptist  Convention  21.754 

Free  Baptist  Churches 171 

Christian  Church. i'Sll 

Congregational  Churches...      5.844 
Disciples  of  Christ 8.255 

GUmanEVangeiicaiSynbd:  1.349 
Evangelical  Association..... 
Lutheran  Ch..  Gen.  Synod.. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  r--y- • 

Methodist  Episcopal.  South  19.122 

AfricnnMeth,  Epis,  Church  6.454 


Scholars. 

135,930 

167.880 

9.119 

1.387.938 

312,952 

156.072 

96,683 

493.080 

122.111 

302,200 

26.757 

1.853.245 

402.656 
24.219 
129.717 
390.997 
teachers, 


l!637 

1.845 


can            .           .  . 

Af r.  Meth.  Epis.  Zion  Ch. ..  2.738 

Colored  M^th.  Epis.  Church  2.621 

Methodist  Protestant  Church  2.464 

Moravian  Church 1J-U 


FEDERAL 

Members. 
1.227.448 
3.018.341 
12.257 
117.853 
790.163 
1.231.404 
94.111 
342.788 
120.756 
370.616 
3.718.396 
2.108.061 
552.265 
258.433 
245.749 
186.873 
26.373 


Denominations.  Churches. 

Presbyterian  Ch.  in  U.  S.  A.     9,648 
Presbyterian  Ch.  in  U.  S.... 
Primitive  Methodist  Church 

Protestant   Episcopal 

Reformed  Ch.  in  America... 
Reformed  Church  in  U.  S... 
Reformed  Episcopal  Church 
Ref.  Presbyte'n.  Gen.  Synod 
Seventh-Day  Baptist  Church. 
United  Brethren  Church.... 
United  Evangelical  Church. 
United  Presbyterian  Thurch 
Welsh  Presbyterian  Church. 


Totals,  1916  census 142.671  18.620.136 

Totals.  1906  census 137.460  14,888,273 


CHURCHES  AND  CHURCH  PROPERTY. 

According-  to  the  census  of  1916  the  total 
number  of  church  edifices  in  the  United  State* 
was  203.432  as  against  192.705  in  1906.  Only 
a  building  owned  and  used  by  a  denomination 
for  church  purposes  is  included  in  the  term 
church  edifice.  The  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  had  28.406  such  buildings  in  1916  and 
ranked  first  in  this  respect.  The  Methodist 
denomination  as  a  whole  had  61,467  churches. 

Following  is  a  table  showing  the  number  of 
churches  owned  by  the  leading  denomination* 
in  1916,  with  the  value  of  the  church  prop- 
erty of  each: 

Denomination.  Churches.          Property. 

All  denominations  ....203,432    $1.676.600,582 


Baptist    51.803 

Congregational     5,744 

Lutherans    12.722 

Methodists    61,467 

i  Presbyterians    15.060 

'Protestant    Episcopal..  6,726 

I  Roman    Catholic 15.120 

Unitarians    399 

Universalists    620 


198.364.747 
80.842.813 
109.415.163 
317.916.402 
192.989.599 
164.990.150 
374,206.895 
15.247.349 
7,876.103 


AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

Organized  1876. 


To  promote  the  welfare  of  libraries 
in  America   and   secure  public  library   service 
for  all  Americans  everywhere, 
President—  Chalmers  Hadley.  Denver  Public  li- 

H.  Locke.  Public 


i 

library,  Toronto,  Canada. 
Second  Vice-President—  Cornelia  Marvin,  Oregon 

78  East  Washing- 
East  Washington 


street.  Chicago.  111. 
Membership  4.000.  . 

The  association  provided  library  service  for 
the  army,  navy  and  marine  corps  during  the 
war  Dr!  Herbert  Putnam,  librarian  of  con- 


gress, was  general  director  of  this  service. 
This  library  work  was  taken  over  in  Novem- 
ber. 1919.  by  the  war  and  navy  departments. 
The  association  is  continuing  to  provide  li- 
brary service  for  the  coast  guard  and  light- 
house service,  United  States  public  health 
service  hospitals  and  United  States  shipping 
board  and  other  merchant  marine  vessels. 
These  activities  are  included  in  an  enlarged 
program  which  is  aiming  also  to  provide  li- 
brary service  for  all  districts  and  communities 
lacking  in  library  facilities.  Carl  H.  Milam  is 
general  director  of  the  enlarged  program.  The 
association  assists  in  the  organizing  of  libra- 
ries in  states  lacking  "library  extension  agen- 
cies; publishes  books  and  pamphlets  on  library 
work,  selection  of  books,  etc.  and  serves  as  a 
clearing  house  for  general  library  information. 


ROCKEFELLER  FUND  FOR  MEDICAL  EDUCATION. 


John  D.  Rockefei:er  gave  to  the  general  edu- 
cation board  on  Sept.  26,  1919,  the  sum  of 
$20  000  000  to  be  used  for  the  improvement 
of  medical  education  in  the  United  States. 
The  board  announced  the  gift  in  New  York 
city  on  the  date  named  as  follows: 

"The  general  education  board  announces 
the  gift  from  John  D.  Rockefeller  of  $20.- 
000,000.  the  income  to  be  currently  used,  and 
the  entire  principal  to  be  distributed  within 
fifty  years  for  th°  improvement  of  medical 
education  in  the  United  States." 

Abraham   Flexner.    secretary    of    the  board. 


said  the  entire  sum,  principal  and  interest, 
would  be  devoted  to  the  upbuilding  of  medi- 
cal schools,  since  such  was  the  desire  of  the 
donor.  In  other  words,  none  of  the  money 
will  go  to  educational  propaganda,  but  all 
of  it  will  be  expended  directly  and  practi- 
cally. Asked  what  preliminary  work  would 
be  undertaken  before  the  distribution  of  the 
$20.000.000  was  started.  Mr.  Flexner  said 
there  would  be  a  general  survey  of  the 
schools  of  the  country  which  would  determine 
not  only  which  ones  could  be  improved  to 
the  general  good  of  the  country  but  also 
what  were  the  specific  needs  in  each  instance. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


358 


FRATERNAL    AND    BENEVOLENT    SOCIETIES. 


GRAND  LODGES  A.  F.   &   A.   M. 

Names    and    Addresses    of    Grand    Secretaries. 
October,    1918. 

Alabama — George  A.  Beauchamp,  Montgomery. 

Alberta— S.    Y.   Taylor.   Calgary. 

Arizona — George    J.    Roskruge,    Tucson. 

Arkansas— Fay  Hempstead,   Little   Rock. 

British  Columbia— W.  A.  de  W.  Smith,  West- 
minster. 

California-rJohn  Whicher.    San  Francisco. 

Canada — William    McGregor    Logan,    Hamilton, 
Ont. 

Colorado — Charles  H.   Jacobson,   Denver. 

Connecticut— George  A.  Kies,  Hartford. 

Cuba— F.  N.  Preval.  Havana. 

Delaware — Harry    J.    Guthrie,    Wilmington. 

District  of  Columbia— A.  W.  Johnston.   Wash- 
ington. 

England— P.   Colville   Smith,   London. 

Florida— W.  P.  Webster,   Jacksonville. 

Georgia — Frank  F.  Baker,   Macon. 

Holland— H.  P.  Van  Nieuwenburg,  The  Hague. 

Idaho— George   E.   Knepper,   Boise. 

Illinois — Isaac    Cutter,    Camp    Point. 

Indiana— Calvin   W.   Prather,   Indianapolis. 

Iowa — Newton  R.   Parvin,    Cedar  Rapids. 

Ireland— Lord  W.  L.  Plunket.  Dublin. 

Kansas— Albert  K.  Wilson,   Topeka. 

Kentucky — Dave  Jackson,   Louisville. 

Louisiana— John  A.  Davilla,  New  Orleans. 

Maine— Charles  B.  Davis.  Portland. 

Manitoba— James  A.   Ovas,    Winnipeg. 

Maryland — George   Cook,    Baltimore. 

Massachusetts— Frederick  W.  Hamilton,  Boston. 

Michigan — Lou   B.    Winsor,   Grand   Rapids. 

Minnesotar-John  Fishel,   St.  Paul. 

Mississippi — Frederic  G.  Speed,  Vicksburar. 

Missouri — John  R.   Parson,    St.   Louis. 

Montana— Cornelius  Hedges.  Jr.,  Helena. 

Nebraska— Francis  E.  White,   Omaha. 

Nevada— E.  D.  Vanderlieth.  Reno. 

New  Brunswick— J.  Twining  Hartt,  St.  John. 

New   Hampshire — H.    M.    Cheney,    Concord. 

New  Jersey— Isaac  Cherry.   Trenton. 

New  Mexico— Alpheus  A.  Keen,  Albuquerque. 

New  South  Wales— Arthur  H.   Bray.    Sydney. 

New  York — Robt.  Judson  Kenworthy,  New  York. 

New  Zealand— Malcolm  Niccol,   Wellington. 

North  Carolina— William  W.  Willson,  Raleigh. 

North  Dakota— Walter  L.   Stockwell,  Fargo. 

Nova  Scotia — James  C.  Jones,  Halifax. 

Ohio— J.  H.   Bromwell,  Cincinnati. 

Oklahoma— Wm.  M.  Anderson,  Oklahoma  City. 

Oregon— James   F.    Robinson,    Portland. 

Pennsylvania— John  A.  Perry,  Philadelphia. 

Philippines— N.  C.  Comfort,   Manila. 

Porto  Rico — Jose  G.  Torres.   San  Juan. 

Prince  Edward  Island— W.  P.  Doull.  Charlotte- 
town. 

fuebec— W.  W.  Williamson.  Montreal, 
ueensland — Charles  H.  Harley,  Brisbane, 
hode  Island— S.  Penrose  Williams,  Providence. 

Saskatchewan — W.  B.  Tate,  Regina. 

Scotland — David  Reid,   Edinburgh. 

South  Australia— C.  R.  J.  Glover.  Adelaide. 

South   Carolina— O.   Frank  Hart.   Columbia. 

South    Dakota— George    A.    Pettigrew,     Sioux 
Falls. 

Tasmania— John  Hamilton,  Hobart. 

Tennessee— Stith  M.  Cain    (acting).   Nashville. 

Texas— W.   B.   Pearson,   Waco. 

United    Grand    Lodge    of    Victoria— Charles    J. 
Barrow,    Melbourne. 

Utah— Freeman  A.  McCarty,   Salt  Lake  City. 

Vermont — Henry  H.   Ross,    Burlington. 

Victoria— C.    J.    Barrow,    Melbourne. 

Virginia— Charles    A.    Nesbit,    Richmond. 

Washington — Horace  W.    Tyler.    Tacoma. 

Western  Australia — J.  D.  Stevenson,  Perth. 

West   Virginia— John  M.  Collins.  Charleston. 

Wisconsin— William  W.  Perry,  Milwaukee. 

Wyoming— J.  M.  Lowndes.  Lander. 


ROYAL  AKCH  MASONS. 

General  Grand  Chapter. 

General     Grand     High     Priest— Frederick     W. 

Craig.  Des  jnoineo,  J.UWA. 
Deputy    General    Grand    High    Priest— William 

F.  Kuhn,  Kansas  (Jay,   Aio. 
General    Grand    Scribe— Charles    N.    Rue.    Hot 

Springs.    Ark. 
General     Grand    Treasurer— Gustav    A.     Eitel. 

Baltimore.  Md. 
General  Grand  Secretary— Charles  A.  Conover. 

Coldwater,   Mich. 
Headquarters— Coldwater,    Mich. 
Number    of    grand    chapters — 47. 

ROYAL  AND  SELECT  MASTERS. 

General    Grand   Council.    1918-1921. 

General     Grand     Master — George     A.     Newell. 

Medina.   N.  Y 
General  Grand  Deputy  Master— Fay  Hempstead, 

Little  Rock,  Ark. 
General  Grand  Principal  Conductor— Joseph  C. 

Greenfield,    Atlanta.    Ga. 
General   Grand  Treasurer— Thomas   E.    Shears, 

Denver.   Col. 
General  Grand  Recorder— Henry  W.  Mordhurst. 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 
General  Grand  Captain  of  Guard— Bert  S.  Lee. 

Springfield,  Mo. 
General  Grand  Conductor  of  Council— O.  Frank 

Hart.   Columbia.   S.   C. 
General  Grand  Marshal— William  H.  L.   Odell. 

Boston,  Mass. 

General  Grand  Steward— Warren  S.  Seipp.  Bal- 
timore, Md. 

KNIGHTS  TEMPLARS. 

Grand    Officers. 

Grand  Master— M.   E.   Sir  Joseph  K.  Orr.   At- 
lanta. Ga. 
Deputy    Grand   Master— R.    E.    Sir    Jehiel    W. 

Chamberlain.  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
Grand    Generalissimo— R.    E.    Sir    Leonidas    P. 

New-by,   Knightstown.  Ind. 
Grand  Captain   General— R.  E.  Sir  William  P. 

Norris,  Manchester.  Iowa. 
Grand    Senior    Warden— R.    E.    Sir    George    W. 

Vallery,   Denver,  Col. 
Grand    Junior    Warden-R.    E.    Sir    William    L. 

Sharp,  Chicago,  111. 
Grand  Prelate— R.  E.  Sir  and  Rev.  Troy  Bsatty. 

Memphis.  Tenn. 
Grand    Treasurer— R.    E.    Sir   H.    Wales   Lines. 

Meriden,  Conn. 
Grand  Recorder— R.  E.  Sir  Frank  H.  Johnson 

201    Masonic    Temple,   Louisville,    Ky. 
Grpnd    Standard    Bearer— R.    E.    Sir    Perry    W. 

Weidner.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Grand    Sword    Bearer — R.     E.     Sir    Robert    S. 

Teague,    Montgomery.   Ala. 
Grand    Warder — R.    E.    Sir   Charles    C.    Homer. 

Baltimore,  Md. 
Grand  Captain  of  the  Guard— R.  E.  Sir  George 

T.  Campbell,  Owosso.  Mich. 


ANCIENT    ACCEPTED    SCOTTISH    RITB 

MASONS. 
Northern  Masonic  Jurisdiction. 

M.  P.  Sovereign  Grand  Commander— Barton 
Smith,  Toledo,  O. 

Grand  Lieutenant-Commander—Leon  M.  Ab- 
bott, Boston,  Mass. 

Grand  Minister  of  State— Amos  Pettibone.  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Grand  Treasurer-General — Leroy  A.  Goddard. 
Chicago,  111. 

Grand  Secretary-General — Robert  A.  Shirrefs. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Southern    Masonic   Jurisdiction. 

The  supreme  council,  83d  degree,  of  the 
Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of  Free- 
masonry for  the  southern  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States  of  America: 


360 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Sovereign  Grand   Commander— George   Fleming: 

Moore,    Wasmngton.   D.    C. 
Lieutenant   Grand  Commander— Charles  E.  Ro- 

senbaum,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Grand    Prior— (Vacancy.) 
Grand   Chancellor— Ernest    B.   Hussey,    Seattle, 

Grand  Minister  of  State— Trevanion  W.  Hug-o. 

Secretary-General—John  H.  Cowles,  Washing- 
ton. D.  C. 

Treasurer-General— Garnett  N.  Morgan,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Grand  Almoner— Adolphus  L.  Fitzgerald.  Eu- 
reka, Nev. 

ANCIENT  ARABIC  ORDER  NOBLES  OF  THE 

MYSTIC    SHRINE. 
First  temple  founded  Sept.  26.  1872. 

Imperial   Council.    1918-1919. 
Imperial     Potentate— W.  "  Freeland     Kendrick, 

Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Imperial  Deputy  Potentate— Ellis  L.  Garretson. 

Tacoma.  Wash. 

Imperial   Chief    Rabban— Ernest    A.   Cutts,    Sa- 
vannah. Ga. 
Imperial  Assistant  Rabban— James  S.  McCand- 

less.  Honolulu.   H.   I. 
Imperial   High  Priest   and  Prophet— Conrad  V. 

Dykeman.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Imperial    Treasurer— William     S.     Brown,     523 

Wood  street.  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 
Imperial    Recorder— Benjamin   W.    Rowell.    206 

Masonic  Temple,   Boston,   Mass. 
Imperial    Oriental    Guide— James    E.    Chandler, 

Kansas  City.  Mo. 
Imperial    First    Ceremonial    Master — James    C. 

Burger,  Denver,  Col. 
Imperial  Second  Ceremonial  Master — David  W. 

Crosland.  Montgomery,    Ala. 
Imperial  Marshal— Clarence  M.  Dunbar,   Provi- 
dence, R.  I. 
Imperial    Captain    of    the    Guards— Frank    C. 

Jones,  Houston.  Texas. 
Imperial    Outer    Guard— Leo    V.    Youngworth, 

Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

GENERAL  GRAND  CHAPTER  ORDER  OF 
THE  EASTERN  STAR. 
Organized  Nov.  16.  1876. 

Officers  for  1919-1922. 
Most   Worthy   Grand  Matron— Mrs.   Ellie  Lines 

Crapin.  Pine  Meadow.  Conn. 
Most  Worthy  Grand  Patron— Alfred  C.  McDan- 

iel.   M.D..    San  Antonio,   Tex. 
Right    Worthy    Assistant    Grand   Matron — Mrs. 

Cora  R.  Franz.  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
Right    Worthy    Assistant    Grand    Patron— Will 

W.  Grow,  D.  O.,  St.  Joseph.  Mo. 
Right    Worthy    Grand    Secretary— Mrs.    Minnie 

E.  Ke.ves.  Lansing,  Mich. 
Right    Worthy    Grand    Treasurer — Mrs.    Alcena 

Lamond.  Takoma  Park,  D.  C. 
Right    Worthy    Grand    Conductress — Mrs.    Clara 

L.  Henrich,  Newport.   Ky. 
Right    Worthy    Assistant    Grand    Conductress — 

Mrs.   Emma   P.  Chadwick,    Seattle.   Wash. 
Right  Worthy  Grand  Trustee— A.  H.  Turrittin, 

Minneapolis.  Minn. 
Right     Worthy     Grand    Trustee— Mrs.     Amalia 

Huehl.  Chicago,  111. 
Right  Worthy  Grand  Trustee— J.  Ernest  Teare. 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Worthy  Grand  Chaplain— Mrs.  Helen  Budd  Tay- 
lor. Lancaster,  Wis. 

Worthy   Grand   Marshal— Mrs.   Harriet   I.    Bur- 
well.    Winsted,   Conn. 
Worthy    Grand   Organist  —  George    J.     Kurzen- 

knabe,  Chicago,    111. 
Worthy    Grand    Adah,    Mrs.    A.    May    Ralston, 

Ont..  Canada. 
Worthy    Grand    Ruth— Mrs.    Ophelia    J.    Allan. 

Hartsville.   Tenn. 

Worthy  Grand  Esther— Mrs.  Marie  L.  Sum- 
merfield.  Reno.  Nev. 


Worthy  Grand  Martha— Mrs.  Mabel  L.  Eldridge, 

San  Antonio.   Tex. 
Worthy    Grand    Electa— Mrs.    Lotta    M.    Armi- 

stead.  Greenville,  Miss. 
Worthy    Grand   Warder— Mrs.   Phyllis   M.    Bur- 

ditt,   Springfield,   Vt. 
Worthy  Grand  Sentinel  —  Philip    A.    Jer&uson. 

West  Medford.  Mass. 


INDEPENDENT  ORDER  OF  ODD  FELLOWS. 

Sovereign  Grand  Lodge. 

Grand  Sire— Henry  V.  Borst,  Amsterdam,  NY. 
Deputy  Grand  Sire— Joseph  Oliver,  Toronto,  Ont. 
Grand  Secretary— John  B.  Goodwin.  25  Nortn 

Liberty  street,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Grand  Treasurer-Wm.  H.    Cox    Maysville.  Ky. 
Membership  Dec.  31.  1918,  2,226.562. 
Total  paid  for  relief  1830  to  1918.  inclusive. 

$186.895,751.85. 

KNIGHTS  OF  PYTHIAS. 

Supreme    Lodge. 
Supreme  Chancellor— Charles  S.  Davis.  Denver, 

Supreme  Vice-Chancellor—William  Ladew,  New 
Supreme  Prelate— Fred  S.  Attwood.  Minneap- 

Supreme^eeper  of  Records  and  Seal— Fred  E. 

Wheaton.   Minneapolis.  Minn. 
Supreme     Master     of     Exchequer— Thomas     D. 

Meares,  Wilmington.  N.  C 
Supreme    Master    at    Arms— Fred    J.     G.    Me- 

Arthur.   Winnipeg,  Man 
Supreme     Inner     Guard— Douglas     S. 


.  M.  Wadsworth.  Phil- 

MaforSteneraf  Military  Department—  William  H. 

Loomis.  Grand  Rapids.  Mich. 
President   Insurance  Department—  Harry  Wade. 


lodges.  55:  subordi 
nate  lodges.  6.989. 
Total  membership.  698.840. 
Total  assets,  $21.776.287.51. 

ROYAL  ARCANUM. 
Organized  June  23.  1877. 

Supreme   Council. 
Supreme  Regent—  L.  R.  Geisenberger.  Lancaster. 

Supreme    Vice-Regent  —  Carleton    E.    Hoadley, 

New  Haven,  Conn. 

Supreme  Orator—  Richard  E.  Kropf  .  Chicago.  111. 
Supreme  Secretary—  Samuel  N.  Hoag,  407  Shaw- 

mut  avenue.   Boston,  Mass 
Supreme  Treasurer—  A.  S.  Robinson.  St.  Louis, 

Head"  office  at  407  Shawmut  avenue,  Boston. 
Number  of  subordinate  councils,  1.476:  state 
MenSeS11^2!,  1919.  133.619. 

UNITED  ORDER  OF  FORESTERS. 

Executive    Council. 
Supreme  Ranger—  R.  C.  Sherrard,  suite  660.  17 

North  LaSalle  street.  Chicago.    111. 
Supreme    Vice-Ranger—  J.    B.    McGilligan.    758 

West  5th  street.  Superior,  Wis. 
Supreme     Secretary—  George     W.     Blann.     301 

Colby-Abbot  building.   Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Supreme    Treasurer—  William    A.    Stolts,    State 

Life  building,  Indianapolis.  Ind. 
Supreme    Counselor-blames    Scl^onmaker,    Op- 

penheim  building.  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
Supreme   Physician—  Dr.    S.    T.   Richman,    5659 

Wentworth  avenue,  Chicago.  HI. 

WOODMEN  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Organized  June  6,  1890. 

Sovereign   Commander—  W.   A.   Fraser.   Omaha. 
Neb. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


361 


Sovereign   Escort— B.   W.  Jewell,   Omaha,    Neb. 

Sovereign  Clerk-^John  T.  Yates,  W.  O.  W.  build- 
ing1, Omaha,  Neb. 

Sovereign  Banker — Morris  Sheppard,  Texarkana, 
Tex. 

Sovereign  Escort — S.  A.  Ferrell,  Johnstown.  Pa. 

Sovereign  Watchman— C.  D.  Mills,  Jacksonville, 
Fla. 

Sovereign  Sentry — S.  L.  Caine,  Columbus.  Miss. 

Sovereign  Physicians — Dr.  A.  D.  Cloyd  and  Dr. 
Ira  W.  Porter,  Omaha.  Neb. 

General  Attorney— D.  E.  Bradshaw,  Omaha, 
Neb. 

Headquarters — Omaha,  Neb. 

Membership  of  sovereign  jurisdiction  June  1. 
1919.  949.350. 

MODERN  WOODMEN  OF  AMERICA. 
Founded  in  1883. 

Head  Officers. 

Head  Consul— A.  R.  Talbot.  Lincoln,  Neb. 
Assistant  to  Head  Consul— J.  G.  Pace.  Lincoln. 

Neb. 

Head  Clerk— A.  N.  Bort.  Rock  Island,  111. 
Assistant  Head  Clerk— J.  G.  Ray.  Rock  Island. 

Head  Adviser— Dan  B.  Home,  Davenport.  Iowa. 

Head  Banker— O.  E.  Aleshire.  175  West  Jack- 
son boulevard.  Chicago,  111. 

Head  Escort— R.  C.  Bellew,  Westhope,  N.  D. 

Head  Sentry— Frank  L.  Bennett,  Hagerstown. 
Md. 

Head  Watchman— Dr.  T.  B.  Hughes,  Afton,  Tenn. 

Head  Chaplain — Rev.  Henry  E.  Dunnack.  Au- 
gusta. Me. 

Editor— John  F.  Harris,  Rock  Island,  HI. 

Board  of  Directors — E.  E.  Murphy,  chairman, 
Leavenworth,  Kas.:  R.  R.  Smith.  1310  Com 
Trust  building-.  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  F.  R. 
Korns.  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  S.  S.  Tanner, 
Minier.  111.:  J.  D.  Volz.  810  State  Life  build- 

'  ing,  Indianapolis,  Ind.:  E.  J.  Bullard.  305 
Gladwin  building,  Detroit.  Mich.:  F.  B.  East- 
terly.  211  Commonwealth  building.  Denver. 
Col.  These  with  the  head  consul  and  head 
clerk  constitute  the  executive  council  of  nine. 

Supreme  Medical  Director?! — Dr.  E.  W.  Cook, 
chairman.  Rock  Island,  HI.:  Dr.  B.  E.  Jones, 
Rock  Island,  111.;  Dr.  E.  A.  Anderson.  Rock 
Island.  111. 

Board  of  Auditors — Henry  F.  Turner,  chairman. 
Frankfort.  Ky. :  George  L  Bowman,  secretary. 
Kingfisher,  Okla.:  W.  D.  Nelson,  Pierre.  S.  D.: 
Ambrose  S.  Havey.  78  North  Broadway,  Yon- 
kers.  N.  Y.:  J.  G.  Tate.  436  E-ist  44th  street, 
Portland,  Ore.:  C.  F.  Londerback.  Fort  Scott, 
Kas.:  H.  S.  Green.  Bloomfield,  Mo. 

Membership  Aug.  1,  1919,  not  including  social. 
1,057.012. 

Death  claims  paid  to  Aug.  1,  1919,  8216,624.- 
909.03. 

Home  Office— Rock  Island.  111. 

Next  head  camp  convenes  June.  1921. 

BENEVOLENT  AND  PROTECTIVE  ORDER 
OF  ELKS. 

Grand  Exalted  Ruler— Frank  L.  Rain.  Fair- 
bury,  Neb. 

Grand  Esteemed  Leading  Knight — George  A. 
Falkenstein,  McKeesport,  Pa. 

Grand  Esteemed  Loyal  Knight— Charles  A. 
Bookwalter,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Grand  Esteemed  Lecturing  Knight— C.  C. 
Bradley,  Portland.  Ore. 

Grand  Secretary— Fred  C.  Robinson,  Dubuque, 
Iowa. 

Grand  Treasurer — P.  J.  Brennan,  Denison, 
Tex. 

Grand  Tiler— Frank  Hurley,    Birmingham,   Ala. 

Grand  Inner  Guard— W.  B.  Merrimon,  Greens- 
boro. N.  C. 

Membership  1919.  600,000.  Lodges  1919 
1.374. 


NATIONAL  UNION. 
Officers  of   the  Senate. 

President — D.  A.  Helpman,  Toledo,  O. 

Vice-President—Harry    S.    Anderson.    405    13t* 
street.  Oakland.  Cal. 

Secretary— E.    A.    Myers,    P.    O.   box    933,   To- 
ledo, O. 

Treasurer— C.  G.  Bentley,  Cleveland,  O. 

General  Counsel — George  P.  Kirby.  Toledo,  O. 

Medical  Director— Dr.  Tracy  H.  Clark.  Chicago, 

Executive    Committee — E.    J.    Smejkal.    D.    A. 

Helpman,  H.  S.  Anderson.  E.  A.  Myers.  C.  G. 

Bentley,  Leo  Canman.  M.  G.  Jeffris. 
Total  membership,   55.000. 

KNIGHTS  OF  COLUMBUS. 

Organized  Feb.  2.  1882. 
Supreme    Knight — James    A.    Flaherty,    drawer 

1670.  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Deputy   Supreme  Knight— Martin  H.   Carmody. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Supreme  Secretary — William  J.  McGir.  jy,  draw- 
er 1670.   New  Haven,   Conn. 
Supreme   Treasurer— D.    J.    Callahan,    postoffice 

box  1722.  Washington,  D.  C. 
Supreme    Physician— E.     W.    Buckley,    M.    D.. 

Lowry  building,   St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Supreme  Advocate— Joseph  C.  Pelletier,  Barris- 
ters' hall.  Boston.  Mass. 

Supreme  Chaplain— Rev.  P.  J.  McGivney,  Bridge- 
port. Conn. 

Supreme  Warden — Thomas  J.  McLaughlin,  New- 
ark. N.  J. 

THE  ROYAL  LEAGUE. 

Incorporated  Oct.  26.  1883. 

Officers    for    1917-1919. 

tupreme  Archon— W.  E.  Hyde,  Chicago.  111. 
upreme   Vice-Archon— Thomas   V.   Dally.    Mil- 
waukee. Wis. 

Supreme  Orator— H.  P.  Rountree,   Chicago,  111. 

Supreme    Scribe— C.     E.    Piper,    1601    Mesonic 
Temple.  Chicago,  111. 

Supreme   Treasurer — J.   W.   Fernald,    First    Na- 
tional bank.  Chicago.  111. 

Supreme  Prelate— Andrew  McOarry.  Chicago,  HI. 

Supreme  Guide— Harry  M.  Strawn,  Cleveland.  O. 

Supreme  Warder — (Vacancy.) 

Supreme    Sentry — A.    D.    Marshall,    New    York. 

Membership  Dec.  31,  1918.  23,058. 


ANCIENT   ORDER    OF    UNITED    WORKMEN. 

Founded  1868. 

Supreme  Lodge  Officers,  1919-1921. 
Past    Supreme    Master    Workman — Edward    E. 

Hohmann,  Johnstown.  Pa 
Supreme    Master    Workman— Will    M.    Narvis. 

Muscatine,   Iowa. 
Supreme    Foreman — John    R.    Frazier.     A.     O. 

U.  W.  building.  Little  Rock.  Ark. 
Supreme    Overseer — Dr.    L.    Heisler   Ball.    Mar- 

shallton.  Del. 

Supreme  Recorder— E.  J.  Moore,  Fargo.  N.  D. 
Supreme   Treasurer — E.   F.   Danforth.    Skowhe- 

Supreme   Guide — G.    Herbert    Bishop.    28   Peart 

street.  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Supreme  Watchman— C.  C.  Rhodes,  Pawtucket. 

R    I 
Board'  of  Directors— Will  M.  Narvis.  president. 

Muscatine.  Iowa  :  John  R.  Frazer,  Little  Rock. 

Ark.:   Dr.  L.  Heisler  Ball.  Marshallton.  Del.; 

E.  J.  Moore,   secretary.  Fargo.   N.   D.:    E.  F. 

Danforth,    treasurer.   Skowhegan,   Me.:    B.   F. 

Carroll,   Des   Moines.    Iowa:   F.    C.    Wetmore. 

Cadillac.  Mich. 

ANCIENT  ORDER  OF  HIBERNIANS. 

General  Officers. 

President — John  E.  Deery,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Vice-President—Patrick     F.     Cannon,     Clinton. 

Miss. 

Canadian  Vice-President—Peter  J.  Doyle,  Mo»- 
t;eal.  Que. 


362 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


Secretary—  John  O'Dea,  1344  Colwyn  street, 
Treasurer—  John  Sheehy,  Montgomery,  Minn. 

FRATERNAL,  ORDER  OF  EAGLES. 
Officers  of  the  Grand  Aerie,  1919-1920. 
Grand     Worthy     President—  Elbert     D.     Weed. 

Oshkosh,  Wis.  .       •«•    -M-     • 

Grand  Worthy  Vice-President—John  M.  Morin. 

Gr?ndSbW?r1thy?aChaplam-WUliain   G.  Doherty, 

New  Haven,   Conn. 

Grand  Secretary—  J.  S.  Parry,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Grand  Treasurer—  Jos.  H.  Dowlmg,  Dayton,  O. 
Grand  Worthy  Conductor-John  B.  Henderson. 

Gran<?'  'inside   ^uard  —  John    J.    Rice.     South 

Framingham.  Mass. 
Grand  Trustees—  A.  B.  Duncan,  St.  Joseph,  Mo., 

Henry    A.    Beck.    Seattle.    Wash.:    George    E. 

Morgan.   Buffalo.  N.  Y.:   John  H.  Gundaker. 

Davenport,  Iowa:,  John  W.  Heller.  Jr.,  York. 

Pa. 

INTERNATIONAL  ORDER  OF  GOOD 

TEMPLARS. 

Organized  in  1851. 

National   Grand  Lodge    (U.   S.). 

National  Chief  Templar—  Ben  D.  Wright,  Lock- 

NaUonafs^cretary—Willard  O.  Wylie.  Beverly, 

Matfonal    Treasurer—  A.    E.     Thulander,     East 
Orange,  N.  J. 

TRIBE  OF  BEN-HUR. 
Founded  March  1.  1894. 

Supreme   Officers. 
Supreme  Chief—  R.   H.    Gerard.   Crawfordsville, 

Supreme  Scribe—  John  C.  Snyder.  Crawfords- 
Supi^emeVeeper  of  Tribute—  S.  E.  Voris.  Craw- 

SuSremf  Vdical    Examiner-J.    F.    Davidson. 

M    D     Crawioidsville.  Ind. 
Mfmbership  Jan.  1,    1919    70  520. 
Surplus  Jan.  1.   1919,  $1,778.886.54. 
Home  Office—  Crawfordsville.   Ind. 

THE  MACCABEES. 
Instituted  1878;  reorganized  1883. 

Officers   1919-1923. 
Past  Supreme  Commander—  D.  D.  Aitken.  Flint. 

Supreme  Commander—  D.  P.  Markey.  Detroit, 
Supreme  Lieutenant-Commander—  A.  W.  Frye, 

Supreme  'Record  Keeper—  Thomas  Watson,  1021 

Woodward   avenue.   Detroit,   Mich. 
Supreme  Chaplain—  W.  F.  Trader.  Chicago.  111. 
Supreme    Sergeant-S.    C.    C.    Ward.    Augusta. 

Supreme    Master   at    Arms—  J.    W.    Sherwood. 


Supreme  President— Mrs.  Martha  A.  Sandiforti, 

North  Adams.  Mass. 
Supreme    Vice-President—Mrs.    Nellie    Kenyon, 

Paterson,  N.  J. 
Supreme  Financial  Secretary— Harriet  E.  Boyd. 

Joliet,  111. 
Supreme    Recording    Secretary— Eliza    Connell. 

100  Whittier  avenue.  Providence,  R.  I. 
Supreme  Treasurer— Emily  Frr>y.   Cleveland,   O. 
Supreme   Chaplain— Emily  Millman,    Negaunee, 

Mich. 
Supreme    First    Conductor  —  Emily  E.   Brown. 

Bristol,   Conn. 
Supreme  Second  Conductor— Mary  Ingram,  Chi- 

Supreme  Inside  Guard — Maud   Smith,   Chicago, 

Supreme       Outside       Guard — Annie      Marshall, 

Niagara  Falls,   N.  Y. 
Supreme    Trustee— Annie    Parsons,    Jamestown, 

N.  Y. 

ORDER  SONS  OF  ST.  GEORGE. 
Founded  1871. 

Supreme  President— J.  Henry  Perkins.  Portland. 
Ore. 

Supreme  Secretary—Walter  Willis.  Calumet  Na- 
tional Bank  building,  9117  Commercial  ave- 
nue, South  Chicago,  111. 

Supreme  Treasurer— William  H.  Penney,  New 
York.  N.  Y. 

Number  grand  bodies,  10 ;  subordinate  bodies. 
283. 

Members,  1917.  30.224. 

Benefits  disbursed  since  organization.  $4.198.- 
692. 

Benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $193,354.36. 


JUNIOR    ORDER    UNITED    AMERICAN    ME- 
CHANICS. 
Founded  1853. 
Officers  of   the   National   Council. 

National  Councilor — H.  F.  Lochner.  Louisville. 
Ky. 

National  Vice-Councilor — George  A.  Davis.  Bal- 
timore, Md. 

National  Secretary — Martin  M.  Woods.  P.  O.  box 
874.  Philadelphia.  Pa.:  office  727  and  729 
Stephen  Girard  building.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

National  Treasurer— Charles  Reimer.  301  Cham- 
ber  of  Commerce,  Baltimore,  Md. 

National  Warden — C.  W.  Varnum,  Denver,  Cal. 

National  Conductor— R.  F.  Lambert.  Hunting- 
ton.  W.  Va. 

National  Inside  Sentinel — John  A.  Bonham* 
Hartford  City.  Ind. 

National  Outside  Sentinel— A.  A.  Baker,  Dan- 
bury,  Conn. 

National  Chaplain— Rev.  W.  B.  Duttera,  Salis- 
bury. N.  C. 


STOieFi'  Master    of    the    Guards-F.    O. 

Croy,  Birmingham.  Ala. 
Supreme  Second  Master  of  the  Guards—  R.  P. 

Kuntz.  Baltimore,  Md. 
Supreme  Sentinel—  J.  C.  Bartram.  Little  Rock, 

Supreme  Picket—  H.  A.  Becker,  Rochester.  N.  Y. 
Membership  Aug.   31,    1919.   305912 
Benafits    paid    to    Aug.    31.    1919,    $106,284.- 
043.69. 

ORDER  DAUGHTERS  OF  ST.  GEORGE. 

Supreme    Lodge. 

Supreme  Past  President—  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Jones, 
Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


PATRIOTIC  ORDER  SONS  OF  AMERICA, 

Organized  Dec.  10,  1847. 

National  Camp  Officers. 

President — Gabriel  H.  Moyer,  Lebanon,  Pa. 

Vice-President— J.  H.  Patton,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Master    of    Forms— J.    W.    White.    Jacksonville. 

Fla. 
Secretaiy— Herman     A.     Miller,     1157     Butler 

street.    Easton,    Pa. 

Treasurer— John  W.  Reese.  St.  Clair,  Pa. 
Assistant    Secretary — Thomas    Knowles,    Potts* 

ville.   Pa. 

C9nductor— T.  L.  Stevens,  Dayton,  0. 
Inspector — E.  E.  Adams,  Chincoteague,  Va. 
Guard— H.  H.  Kontz.  North  Carolina. 
Medical    Examiner   in    Chief— A.    A.   Wertman. 

M.  D..  Tannersville.  Pa. 
Place  of  meeting  in  1921.  Allentown,  Pa. 
Membership.  295.000. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


383 


IMPROVED    ORDER    OF    RED    MEN. 

Founded  1763  and  1834. 

Great  Chiefs  of  the  Great  Council  of  the 
United   States. 

Great  Incohonee — James  T.   Rogers,   Binghamton, 
N.  Y. 

Great  Senior  Sagamore— A.  G.  Rutherford.  Nash- 
ville. Tenn. 

Great  Junior  Sagamore — John   E.   Sedwick,   Mar- 
tinsville,  Ind. 

Great  Prophet— Thomas  H.  Jeffries.  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Great  Chief  of  Records— W.  B.  Macferran.  230 
South  LaSalle  street.  Chicago,  111. 

Great  Keeper  of  Wampum— D.  K.   Reed.  Clarks- 
burg. W.  Va. 

Number    of    great   councils.    62. 

Subordinate  branches  and  councils.  4,395. 

Number  of  members  Jan.  1.  1919.  436.700. 

Benefits  disbursed  in  '1918,  $1,774,886.77. 

Benefits     disbursed     since     org-anization,    $44,- 
395,368.76. 

INDEPENDENT  ORDER  OF  FORESTERS. 

Founded  1874. 

Supreme   Officers. 

Supreme  Chief  Rangrer— William  H.  Hunter.  B. 

A..  Toronto. 
Past     Supreme     Chief    Ranger — Victor    Morin, 

K.   C..  Montreal. 
Supreme    Vice-Chief   Ranger— Frank    E.    Hand. 

California. 
Supreme     Secretary — Fred    J.     Darch.     Temple 

building.  Toronto. 
Supreme    Treasurer— Robert   Mathison.    M.    A., 

Temple  building.   Toronto. 

fupreme    Physician— Thos.    Millman.    Toronto, 
upreme  Counselor— J.  D.  Clark,  Dayton.  O. 
Total  number  of  members,  186,103. 
Benefits  disbursed  since  organization  to  Dec.  31, 
1916.  S53.465.512.73. 


NATIONAL  FRATERNAL  CONGRESS  OF 

AMERICA. 

Directory  for  1919-1920. 
Officers. 

President— Hill  Montague  (Order  of  the  Golden 
Seal),  Travelers  building,  Richmond,  Va. 

Vice-President—George  P.  Kirby  (National 
Union  Assurance  Society),  923  Ohio  build- 
ing. Toledo,  Ohio. 

Secretary — W.  E.  Futch  (Locomotive  Enginers 
Mutual  Life  and  Accident  Insurance  Asso- 
ciation). 1136  B.  of  L.  E.  building,  Cleve- 
land. Ohio. 

Treasurer — A.  E.  King  (Brotherhood  of  Rail- 
road Trainmen) ,  American  Trust  building, 
Cleveland.  Ohio. 

Executive  Committee — The  president  and  vice- 
president  and  A.  C.  McLean  (Protected  Home 
Circle),  P.  H.  C.  Temple,  Sharon,  Pa.:  Henri 
Roy  (La  Societe  des  Artisans  Canadiens- 
Francais),  20  St.  Denis,  Montreal,  P.  Q., 
Canada:  John  J.  Hynes  (Catholic  Mutual 
Benefit  association),  Brisbane  building,  Buf- 
falo. N.  Y.:  F.  T.  McFaden  (Royal  Arca- 
num). 807  West  Grace  street,  Richmond.  Va.: 
W.  R.  Shirley  (Brotherhood  of  American 
Yeomen),  New  Phoenix  building,  Muskogee. 
Okla. ;  Harry  Wade  (Knie-hts  of  Pythias,  in- 
surance department).  Indiana  Pythian  build- 
ing, Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Officers   of  Sections. 

Presidents'  Section— President,  John  R.  Frazer 
(Ancient  Order  United  Workmen  of  Arkan- 
sas). A.  O.  U.  W.  building.  Little  Rock.  Ark.: 
vice-president.  Dr.  A.  V.  Lodge  (Sons  and 
Daughters  of  Justice),  Kansas  City.  Kas.: 
secretary-treasurer,  Harry  J.  Green  (Home- 
steaders), Securities  building.  Des  Moines. 

Secretaries'  Section— President.  H.  V.  Davis 
(Fraternal  Brotherhood).  F.  B.  building.  Los 
Angeles.  Cal.:  vir>"-n^«id°nt.  Mrs.  Dora 
Alexander  Talley  (Woodman  Circle).  W.  O. 
W.  building.  Omaha.  Neb.:  secretary-treas- 
Frye  (New  England  Order  of 


W.    building, 
urer,    D.   M. 


Protection).  18  Tremont  street.  Boston.  Mass.: 
executive  committee.  S.  A.  Oscar  (Beavers 
Reserve  Fund  Fraternity).  Gay  building 
Madison.  Wis.;  John  R.  Walsh  (Mystic 
Workers  of  the  World).  Fulton  111. 

Medical  Section—  President,  Dr.  C.  Day  Clark 
(Independent  Order  of  Foresters).  Temple 
building.  Toronto,  Ont..  Canada;  first  vice- 
president,  Dr.  Arthur  M.  Corwin  (North 
American  Union),  56  West  Randolph  street. 
Chicago,  111.;  second  vice-president.  Dr.  wa- 
rn"1 ?•  Pa;ker  (Order  of  the  Golden  Seal). 
Travelers  building.  Richmond.  Va.:  secre- 
tary Dr.  George  G.  McConnell  (Knights  of 
Pythias,  insurance  department).  Indiana 
Pythian  building,  Indianapolis,  Ind  :  treasv 
urer,  Dr.  J.  P.  Smyth  (Catholic  Order  of 
Foresters).  5458  State  street.  Chicago.  111. 

Law  Section—  President.  George  R.  Allen  (Fra- 
ternal Aid  Union).  Kansas  City,  Kas.:  vice- 
president  J.  D.  Clark  (Independent  Order  of 
Foresters),  Dayton,  Ohio:  secretary-treas- 
urer A.  W.  Fulton  (National  Council  of  the 
Knights  and  Ladies  of  Security).  Chicag-o. 

Press  Section—  President.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  M 
Mehan  (Women's  Catholic  Order  of  Fores- 
ters). 3601  Highland  boulevard.  Milwaukee 
Wis  :  vice-president.  Rev.  Alex.  McGillivray! 
(Independent  Order  of  Foresters).  Temple 
building,  Toronto,  Ont..  Canada:  secretary- 
treasurer.  Mrs.  Mary  MacEachern  Baird 
(Women's  Benefit  Association  of  the  Macca- 
bees). Home  Office  building.  Port  Huron 
Mich.:  executive  committee.  Dr.  Emma  E 
Bower  (Ladies  of  the  Maccabees),  Modern 
Maccabee  Temple.  Port  Huron.  Mich.;  Gil- 
bert Howell  (Supreme  Tribe  of  Ben-Hur) 
Ben-Hur  building.  Crawfordsville.  Ind  •  A  J 

Temple.  (SPha^TikHOme    ^^  '    ^  *'  * 
W.  W.   Bryant,  chairman,  committee  on  statu- 

tory legislation.   412   Grand  Avenue  Temple 

Kansas  City.  Mo. 
W.    E.   Futch.    secretary,    committee   on   statu- 


Affiliated   Societies. 

Following  is  a  list  of  societies  or  organiza- 
tions affiliated  with  the  National  Fraternal 
Congress  of  America  with  the  name  and  ad- 
uress  of  the  secretary  or  corresponding  official 
and  the  benefit  membership  of  each  Jan.  1. 
1019  ' 
Alianza  Hispano-Americana  —  E.  V 

Anaya,    P    O,    box    367,    Tucson.    Ariz    3488 
Alliance      Nationale—  G.      Monet,      395 

Viger   avenue.    Montreal.    P.   Q.,    Can.  27,262 
American  Insurance   Union  —  Dr.  George 

W.  Hoglan.  A.   I.  U.  Temple,   Colum- 

bus, Ohio    ................................   69,829 

Ancient   Order  of   Gleaners  —  Grant   Slo- 

cum.    National    Gleaner    Temple.    De- 

troit.   Mich  .............................        63947 

Ancient    Order    of    United    Workmen— 

E.  J.   Moore,  Fargo.   N.  D  ......... 

Ancient   Order   of   United   Workmen   of 

Arkansas  —  J.   R.   Frazer.   A.  O.   U    W 

building.  Little  Rock.  Ark  ..............      8623 

Ancient   Order   of    United    Workmen   of 

Iowa—  W.  H.  Stowcll.   Equitable  build- 

ing, Des  Moinrs.   Iowa  ..................    11.278 

Ancient   Order   of   United    Workmen    of 

Massachusetts  —  Charles    C.    Fearing. 

H2  Walnut  street.   Boston.  Mass  .......   22,401 

Artisans   Order  of   Mutual   Protection  — 

Allen   P.  Cox,    Penn  Square   building. 

Philadelphia.    Pa  ........................    15.985 

Association    Canado-Americaine  —  Henri 

Lang^lier.   1034  Elm  street.  Manches- 

ter,   N.    H  .................................    12.874 

Beavers  Reserve  F"nd  Fraternity  —  S    A. 

Oscar.    Gay    building,    Madison.    Wis.   22,594 
Beneficial  Union  —  Joseph  Klaus,  1505-7 

Carson  ctreet.   Pittsburgh.   Pa  .........  33,028 


364 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen— 
W.  E.  Davy.  Yeomen  building:.  Des 
Moinee.  lowal 246,661 

Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen 
and  Enginemen— A.  H.  Hawley.  Guar- 
dian building:,  Cleveland,  Ohip 108.971 

Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen — 
A.  E.  King:,  American  Trust  building:, 
Cleveland.  Ohio 170,601 

Catholic  Knights  of  America  —  Henry 
Siemer.  606-610  Mercantile  National 
Bank  building-.  St.  Louis,  Mo 18.459 

Catholic  Knig-hts  of  Ohio  —  C.  J. 
Anthony.  815  Rose  building-.  Cleve- 
land. Ohio 7,995 

Catholic  Mutual  Benefit  Association- 
Martin  A.  Cameron.  188  Main  street. 
Hornell,  N.  Y 42,989 

Catholic  Mutual  Benefit  Association  of 
Canada — J.  E.  H.  Howison,  Kingston, 
Ont.,  Canada  9.583 

Catholic  Order  of  Foresters — Thomas 
F.  McDonald.  1226-35  Chicag-o  Stock 
Exchange  building-.  Chicag-o,  111 150.450 

Catholic  Women's  Benevolent  Leg-ion — 
Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Skelly.  175  5th  ave- 
nue. New  York.  N.  Y 14.666 

Columbian  Circle— N.  J.  Hein.  704 
Masonic  Temple.  Chicagro,  111 20.271 

Columbian  Woodmen— E.  E.  Temple, 
Hurt  building.  Atlanta,  Ga 17,330 

Court  of  Honor— W.  E.  Robinson. 
Springfield.  Ill 73.935 

Degree     of     Honor.     Superior     Lodge—       , 
Mrs.    Kate    S.    Holmes.    580    Shubert 
building.   St.  Paul.   Minn 47,153 

Degree  of  Honor,  Grand  Lodge  of  Kan- 
sas—Mrs. Georgia  Notestine.  915 
Mansfield  street.  Winfield,  Kas 7,244 

Eastern  Star  Benevolent  Fund  of  Amer- 
ica—Miss M.  E.  Crowe.  922  Case  ave- 
nue. Detroit.  Mich 1,449 

Equitable  Fraternal  Union  —  Orrin 
Thompson,  E.  F.  U.  building.  Neenah, 
Wis 27,768 

First  Catholic  Slovak  Ladies'  Union  of 
the  U.  S.  A.— Maria  E.  Grega.  9619 
Orleans  avenue,  Cleveland,  Ohio 28,697 

First  Catholic  Slovak  Union  of  the 
U.  S.  A.— Michael  Senko.  1129  Guar- 
dian building.  Cleveland.  Ohio 51.189 

Fraternal  Aid  Union— L.  D.  Roberts, 
F.  A.  U.  building.  Lawrence.  Kas.. .104.255 

Fraternal  Brotherhood— H.  V.  Davis. 
845  South  Figueroa  street,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal 22.612 

Fraternal    Mystic    Circle — J.    D.    Myers, 

1913   Arch   street.   Philadelphia.   Pa..   17.252 

Fraternal  Reserve  Association — C.  M. 
Robinson.  F.  R.  A.  building,  Osh- 
kosh.  Wis 11.986 

Grand  Fraternity— W.  E.  Gregg,  1626- 
28  Arch  street.  Philadelphia,  Pa 11,633 

Heralds  of  Liberty— Emanuel  Barrick, 
4010-12  Chestnut  street.  Philadel- 
phia, Pa 26,841 

Home  Benefit  Association— W.  S.  Hali- 
burton.  1  Beacon  street,  Boston.  Mass.  4,560 

Homesteaders — A.  H.  Corey,  Securities 
building.  Des  Moines,  Iowa 28,182 

Independent  Order  Free  Sons  of  Israel 
—Henry  J.  Hyman.  21  West  124th 
street.  New  York.  N.  Y 7.081 

Independent  Order  of  Foresters — F.  J. 
Darch,  Temple  building.  Toronto, 

Ont..  Canada    175,100 

Independent  Workmen's  Circle  of 
America — Samuel  Egdall,  9  Cam- 
bridge street.  Boston,  Maes 5,541 

Knights  and  Ladies  of  Security — J.  V. 
Abrahams.  Security  building,  Topeka, 

Kas 204.795 

Knights  of  Columbus — William  J.  Mc- 
Ginley,  drawer  1670.  New  Haven, 
Conn 128,935 


Knights  of  Pythias.  Insurance  Depart- 
ment— W.  G.  Powers,  Pythian  build- 
ing, Indianapolis,  Ind 72.547 

Ladies'  Catholic  Benevolent  Association 
—Mrs.  J.  A.  Royer,  443  West  llth 
street,  Erie,  Pa 143,151 

Ladies  of  the  Maccabees— Miss  Emma 
E.  Bower.  M.D.,  Maccabee  Temple, 
Port  Huron.  Mich 42,765 

Locomotive  Engineers'  Mutual  Life  and 
Accident  Insurance  Association  —  W. 
E.  Futch,  president,  1136  B.  of  L.  E. 
building.  Cleveland,  Ohio 77,226 

Loyal  American  Life  Association — H.  D. 
Cowan,  35  West  Jackson  boulevard, 
Chicago,  111 16,298 

Loyal  Association— Frank  S.  Fetter, 
310-12  Union  Trust  Co.  building. 
Jersey  City,  N.  J 3,306 

La  Societe  des  Artisans  Canadiens- 
Francais— Henri  Roy.  20  St.  Denis 
street,  Montreal.  P.  Q..  Canada 44,618 

L'Union  St.  Jean-Baptiste  d'Amerique 
— Elie  Vezina.  P.  O.  box  1001.  Woon- 
socket.  R.  1 32.520 

L'Union  St.  Joseph  du  Canada — Charles 
Leclerc.  325  Dalhousie  street.  Ottawa. 
Ont..  Canada  21,708 

Maccabees  —  Thomas  Watson,  1021 
Woodward  avenue.  Detroit,  Mich .294,800 

Masonic  Life  Association — Nelson  O. 
Tiffany,  president.  Masonic  Temple. 
Buffalo.  N.  Y 15.400 

Masonic  Mutual  Life  Association— Wil- 
liam Montgomery.  1621  H  street. 
Washington.  D.  C 15.372 

Modern  Brotherhood  of  America — E.  L. 
Balz.  Mason  City,  Iowa 50,216 

Modern  Order  of  Praetorians — George 
G.  Taylor.  Praetorian  building.  Dallas. 
Texas  27.923 

Modern  Samaritans — C.  E.  Lovett, 
Christie  building.  Duluth.  Minn 6.518 

Mystic  Workers  of  the  World — John 
R.  Walsh.  Fulton.  HI 95,294 

National  Americans  —  W.  H.  Luthy, 
1020-22  McGee  street,  Kansas  City. 
Mo 6.955 

National  Croatian  Society  of  the  U.  S. 
A.— Joseph  Marohnic.  1012  Peralta 
street.  N.  S..  Pittsburgh.  Pa 41.727 

National  Protective  Legion— George  A. 
Scott,  Waverly.  N.  Y 22,129 

National  Slovak  Society  of  the  U.S.A. 
—Joseph  Durish,  524  4th  avenue. 
Pittsburgh.  Pa 41.997 

National  Union  Assurance  Society  — 
E.  A.  Myers.  National  Union  build- 
ing, Toledo,  Ohio 51,212 

Neighbors  of  Woodcraft— J.  L.  Wright. 
394  Taylor  street.  Portland,  Ore 45,585 

New  England  Order  of  Protection — 
D.  M.  Frye.  18  Tremont  street.  Bos- 
ton. Mass 26,542 

North  American  Union — C.  A.  Gillespie, 

1002  Randborn  building,  Chicago,  111.  22.533 

Order  of  the  Golden  Seal — Arthur  F. 
Bouton.  Roxbury,  N.  Y 9,846 

Order  of  Mutual  Protection — G.  Del 
Vecchio.  1523  Masonic  Temple.  Chi- 
cago. Ill 5,767 

Order  of  United  Commercial  Travelers 
of  America— W.  D.  Murphy.  638 
North  Park  street,  Columbus,  Ohio..  75,641 
Polish  National  Alliance  of  the  U.  S.  A. 
—John  S.  Zawilinski.  1406-8  West  Di- 
vision street.  Chicago,  111 122.952 

Polish  Union  of  America — Jacob  Dom- 
biec.  Miners  Bank  building.  Wilkes- 

Barre.   Pa 19.375 

Protected   Home   Circle— W.    S.   Palmer. 

P.  H.  C.  Temple.  Sharon.  Pa 102.056 

Royal  Arcanum — Samuel  N.  Hog,  box 
B.  Sta.  A.  Boston.  Mass 135.751 


ALMANAC   AND  YE^R-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


305 


Royal  League— Charles  E.  Piper.  1601 
Masonic  Temple.  Chicago.  Ill 23.058 

Royal  Neighbors  of  America— Dr.  Hada 
M.  Carlson.  Rock  Island.  Ill 371,690 

Slovenic  National  Benefit  Society  — 
John  Verderbar.  2657-59  Lawndale 
avenue,  Chicago,  111.; 18,326 

Slovenic  Progressive  Benefit  Society — 
William  Rus.  1541  West  18th  street. 
Chicago.  Ill 4.754 

Sons  and  Daughters  of  Justice — Walen 
Shaw.  Crawford  building.  Topeka, 
Kas 12.709 

Sons  of  Norway— L.  Stavnheim.  905 
New  York  Life  building.  Minneapolis. 
Minn 5,754 

South  Slavonic  Catholic  Union  oi  the 
U.  S.  A.— George  L.  Brozich,  Ely, 
Minn 7.844 

Supreme  Tribe  of  Ben-Hur— John  C. 
Snyder.  Ben-Hur  building.  Crawfords- 
ville.  Ind 76.520 

Switchmen's  Union  at  North  America 
— M.  R.  Welch.  326  Brisbane  build- 
ing. Buffalo.  N.  Y 11.301 

United  American  Mechanics.  Benevolent 


Degree.  Junior  Order— Stephen  Col- 

hr.P.  box  595.  Pittsburgh.  Pa 12.378 

United.  Artisans— G.  L.  McKenna.  521 
Beck  building.  Portland.  Ore 17,004 

United  Order  of  Foresters— G.  W.  Blann. 
301  Coiby-Abbott  building.  Milwau- 
kee. V\is 11.682 

United  Order  of  the  Gplden  Cross— 
W.  R.  Cooper.  Empire  building. 
Knoxville.  Tenn 15.949 

Western  CatUolic  Union— W.  K.  Ott. 
Illinois  State  i*?,iik  building.  Quincy, 
111 11.495 

Woman's  Benefit  Association  of  the 
Maccabees— Miss  Frances  D.  Part- 
ridge. Home  Office  building,  Port 
Huron.  Mich 183.56O 

Women's  Catholic  Order  cf  Foresters- 
Miss  Anna  E.  Phelan.  140  North 
Dearborn  street.  Chicago.  Ill 75.113 

Woodmen  Circle — Mrs.  Dora  A.  Talley. 
W.  O.  W.  building.  Omaha.  Neb 208,271 

Woodmen  of  the  World — I.  I.  Boak. 
W.  O.  W.  building.  Denver.  Col 114.166 

Zivena  Beneficial  Society  —  Mr*.  Lud- 
mila  Rehak.  1118  Braddock  avenue. 
Braddock.  Pa 6.590 


Port .  Year. 

Adelaide.    Aus 1916 

Aden.  Arabia 1917 

Alexandria,  Egypt. 1916 


PRINCIPAL   SEAPORTS  OF  THE   WORLD. 

NET    VESSEL   TONNAGE   IN   FOREIGN    TRADE. 
[From  statistical  abstract  of  the  United  States.] 
Entered.        Cleared.  Port.  Year. 

423.000         156,000    Liverpool.    Eng.... 1916 
1.640.000     1,650.000   London,    England.. 1916 
967.000      1.344,000    Marseilles.  France.1916 


Antwerp.  Belgium.  1912   13.757.000  13,722.000  ,  Melbourne,   Aus. ..1916 


Archangel,  Rus... 1915 
Baltimore.  Md....l918 
Barcelona.  Spain.. 1916 

Bilbao.     Spam 1916 

Bombay.  India..  ..1917 
Bordeaux.  France.1916 

Boston.     Mass 1918 

Boulogne.  France.1916 
Bremen,  Germany. 1913 
Bremerhaven,  Ger.1913 
Buenos  Aires.  Arg.1917 
Calcutta.  India....  1917 
C.  Town,  U.  of  S.  A. 1917 

Cardiff.    Wales 1916 

Cherbourg.  Fr....l916 
Colombo.  Ceylon.. 1916 


939.000 
1.797.571 
1,760.000 
1,380.000 
1.698,000 
2,824.000 
1.487,316 

613.000 
1,511.000 
2,038,000 


2.606.000 

5,999.000 

230.000 

4.215,000 


Entered. 
7,159.000 
7.745.000 
5.299,000 
716,000 
4.001,000 
6.459.000 
1.898,000 
2.240.000 
5.120,000 
3.153,208 


861.000    Moji,    Japan  .......  1917 

1,575,730  Montevideo,    Urug.1915 
1,422.000    Montreal,    Canada.1917 
1,364.000   Nagasaki,    Japan..  1917 
1.451.0UQ    Naples.     Italy  .....  1914 

1,014,000    New   Orleans.   La..  1918 
1.045.811    New   York.    N.    Y.1918  10;943;689 
317,000   Odessa.    Russia.  ...1914     1,044.000 

1.506.00Q    Petrograd.     Rus...  1914 
1,945,000   Philadelphia.    Pa.  .1918 
3.909,000      ...........  !  Piraeus.     Greece.  ..1914 

1.390.000     1.715.000   Port     Natal  ......  1917 

2.997.000    Riga.     Russia  ......  1914 

6.163,000  I  R.  de  Janeiro.  Bral917 
57.000    Rotterdam.    Hoi...  1916 
4.199.000    S.  Francisco.  Cal..l918 


Cleared. 
6.658,000 
6.335.000 
3.402.000 
375,000 
4.060,000 
6.473,000 
1.961.000 
2.245.000 
5.033.000 
3,068.12» 


Const'nople.   Tur..l913      14,319.000   Santos,    Brazil 1917 


Copenhagen.    Den. .1916 

Cork,     Ireland 1914 

Dunkerque.   Fr 1916 

Fiume,  Austria.  ..1912 
Fremantle,  Aust.,1916 
Salveston,  Tex.. ..1918 

Genoa,     Italy 1914 

Gibraltar  1915 

Glasgow.     Scot 1916 

Hamburg,  Ger 1913   12.997.000   13.192.000 


Havana,    Cuba 1917  3.698.000  3.692.000 

Havre.    France 1916  2.642.000  1,112,000 

Hongkong-Victoria  1915  9,777.000  9,798.000 

Kobe.    Japan 1917  5.335.000  5.182,000 

Lisbon.    Portugal. .1914  9.337.000  9.206.000 


1,4'^y.OOO  441.000  Shanghai.  China.. 191T 
3.120.000  2.954.000  Singapore.  Sts.  Setsl916 
1,201,000  109.000  S'thampton.  Eng..l914 

2,125,000     2,144,000    Swansea,    Eng 1916 

736.000         759.000    Sydney,    Aust 1916 

924,804         999.316    Tampico.  Mexico.. 1912 

5,336.000     5.119.000    Trieste.    Aust 1913 

7.158.000  5,553.000  ,  Tyne  Ports.  Eng.  .1916 
1,928.000  2.962.000  '  Valencia.  Spain... 1916 
Valetta,  Malta.  ...1915 
Vancouver,  Can...  1917 
Vera  Cruz.  Mex..l912 
Victoria.  Canada.. 1917 
Vladivostok.  Rus. 1915 
Yokohama,  Japan.1917 


1.117.000 
1.965.581 
4.067.000 
2,242.000 
772.000 
3.067,000 
3,192.000 
1,173.361 
2.034,000 
7.810,000 
6.602,000 
4,652,000 
1,631,000 
1.079,000 
1.521.000 
3.466.000 
4,358,000 
1.144.000 
2.373.000 
2.043.000 
1.447.000 
1.976.000 
1.246.000 
3.348,000 


1.081.000 
1.067.000 
2.118,575 
4.055.000 
1.839.000 
823.000 
3.031.000 
5.331,000 
1.364.803 
2.037.000 
7.906.000 
6.612,000 
4.655,000 
1.825.000 
1,102.000 
1.516,000 
3.460.000 
5,257.000 
1,162.000 
2.366.000 
1,770.000 
1.427,000 
2.232,000 
1,216.000 
3,359.000 


NATIONAL    HYMNS    OF 

Following  Is  a   list  of  songs   used  as  national 
hymns    or    anthems    in    various   countries    of    the 
world : 
United    States— "The    Star    Spangled    Banner."* 

"America"    and    "Hail,    Columbia,"    are    also 

used   as   national  songs. 
Great  Britain — "God   Save  the  King." 
Germany— "Deutschland    Uber    Alles"    (Germany 

Over   All)    and    "Die   Wacht   am    Rhein"    (The 

Watch  on  the  Rhine). 
France — "La    Marseillaise." 
Austria  (before  the  revolution)— "Gott  Erhalte 

Unsern  Kaiser"   (God  Preserve  Our  Emperor) . 
Hungary— "Isten    Aid    Meg    a    Magyart"    (Lord, 

Bless  the  Hungarian). 


VARIOUS     COUNTRIES. 

Belgium—  "La   Brabanconne"    (Son*   of   the   Bra- 

bantines). 
Denmark— "Kong     Kristlan      Stod     Ved     Holen 

Mast"    (King  Christian  Stood  Beside  the  ~«fty 

Mast). 
Norway— "Ja,    VI    Elsker    Dette    Landet"    (Yes. 

We    Love   This    Land). 

Sweden— "Foster jorden"    (Land    of    My   Birth). 
Finland— "Vaart   Land"    (Our   Land). 
Italy— "Marcia    Reale    Italiana"    (Royal    Italian 

March). 
Mexico— "Mexicanoa.   al  Grito  de  Guerra"  (Mex 

leans,   at  the  Cry  of   War). 
Wales— "Land    of    My   Fathers." 

•Official  in  navy. 


366 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


LEARNED    SOCIETIES    OF    AMERICA. 


Aiuld  Medical  Associations  of  America-Presi- 
dent. Dr.  Ignatz  Mayer:  secretary-treasurer, 
Dr  L  M  Ottofy,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

an  Academy  of  Arts  and  Letters-Presi- 
William  Dean  Howells:  chancellor.  .Wil- 


M.  D..  8037  Jenkins  Arcade 


University  of  Pennsylvania 


O    Howa.   Smithsonian 


ash 


. 


Mo 


Dr. 


A    BuUook.  211 
it.  Mien. 


and  GaylordLee  Clark. 


Y  •   secretary.   Charles  L    Parsons. 


Brown.  Saranac  Lake.  N.  Y 

K    Stone.  Framingham  Center,  Mass 

lee    of    Surgeons—  President.    Dr 


Baltimore   Md:  secretary.  Dr.  Percy  W.  Long 
Warren     House.    Harvard    university.    Cam 

AmeriCanM  Economic 

Prof     Henry   B.    Gardner,    Brown  university 


ro  .  , 

Providence.  R.  I.:,  secretary    Prof    Allyn  A 

ronS.  Price,  17  East  38th  street.  New  York 

American  Folk-Lore  Society-President    C    M 
Barbeau-     secretary,     Dr.    Charles 


.Peabooy 


Soei.ety-President    Job 
B 


Bociety  has  3,800  members,  53.600  books  and 
41.600  maps.  It  issues  two  monthly  maga- 
zines, the  Geographical  Review  and  the 
Journal  of  Geography.  Its  publications  also 
include  a  series  of  monographs  (one  volume 
a  year)  and  occasional  special  maps.  It 
maintains  a  program  of  semimonthly  lectures 
from  November  to  April. 

American  Historical  Association— President, 
William  Roscoe  Thayer.  Cambridge.  Mass.: 
secretary.  Waldo  G.  Leland,  Carnegie  institu- 
tion, Washington,  D.  C. 

American  Institute  of  Actuaries— President. 
Charles  H.  Beckett.  State  Life  building. 
Indianapolis,  Ind.:  secretary.  Carroll  B. 
Carr.  600  American  Central  Life  building. 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

American  Institute  of  Architects— President. 
Thomas  R.  Kimball.  Omaha.  Neb.:  secretary. 
William  Stanley  Parker.  120  Boylston  street. 
Boston,  Mass.:  executive  secretary,  Edward 
C.  Kemper.  the  Octagon.  Washington.  D.  C. 
merican  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and  Crimi- 
nology— President.  Judge  Hugo  Pam,  Chicago, 
111.:  secretary.  Edwin  M.  Abbott.  1028  Land 
Title  building,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers- 
President,  Calvert  Townley,  New  York.  N. 
Y.:  secretary.  F.  L.  Hutchinson.  33  West 
39th  street.  New  York.  N.  Y.;  membership. 
10.787  (Sept.  8.  1919). 

American  Institute  of  Homeopathy — Secretary- 
treasurer.  T.  E.  Costain.  M.  D.,  829  Marshall 
Field  building.  Chicago.  111. 

American  Institute  of  Mining  and  Metallurgical 
Engineers— Secretary.  Bradley  Stoughton,  29 
West  39th  street.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
American  Library  Association  —  President. 
Chalmers  Hadley,  public  library,  Denver, 
Col.:  secretary  and  executive  officer.  George 

B.  Utley.   78   East   Washington   street.   Chi- 
cago. 111. 

American  Mathematical  Society.  501  Weit 
116th  street.  New  York.  N.  Y.— President,  L. 
E.  Dickson.  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago, 
111.:  secretary.  F.  N.  Cole.  Columbia  univer- 
sity. New  York,  N.  Y.:  Chicago  section,  sec- 
retary, Arnold  Dresden,  University  of  Wis- 
consin: San  Francisco  section,  secretary,  B.  A. 
Bernstein,  University  of  California:  south- 
western section,  secretary,  O.  D.  Kellogg. 

American  Medical  Association— President.  Alex- 
ander Lambert.  New  York,  N.  Y.:  secretary, 
Alexander  R.  Craig.  635  North  Dearborn 
street.  Chicago.  111.:  editor  and  general  man- 
ager. George  H.  Simmons.  535  North  Dear- 
born street.  Chicago.  111. 

American  Medico-Psychological  Association — 
President,  Henry  C.  Eyman.  M.  D..  Massillon. 
O.;  secretary-treasurer.  H.  W.  Mitchell.  M 
D.,  Warren.  Pa. 

American  Microscopical  Society — President.  L. 
E.  Griffin,  University  of  Pittsburgh.  Pitts- 
burgh. Pa.:  secretary.  Paul  S.  Welch.  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan.  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.:  treas- 
urer, William  F.  Henderson.  Milliken  uni- 
versity. Decatur,  111. 

American  Nnture  Study   Society— President,    S. 

C.  Schmucker,  West  Chester.  Pa.:  secretary- 
treasurer.    Mrs.    Anna    B.    Comstock.    Ithaca, 
N.  Y.:  official  organ.  Nature  Study  Review. 

American  Numismatic  Society.  The— President. 
Edward  T.  Newell;  treasurer.  John  Reilly. 
Jr.;  curator,  Howland  Wood:  secretary.  Syd- 
ney P.  Noe:  society  founded  1858:  museum. 
1907,  Broadway  at  156th  street.  New  York. 

American  OpMhalmolopieal  SociPtv— President. 
Dr  Hiram  Woods,  Baltimore  Md.:  secretary, 
Dr  T  B  Holloway.  1819  Chestnut  street. 
Philadelphia.  Pa. 

American  Oriental  Society— President.  Prof. 
Charles  R.  Lannan.  Harvard  university.  Cam- 
bridge. Mass.:  corresponding1  secretary.  Prof. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


367 


American  Pediatric  Society— President.  Thomas 
S.  South-worth,  M.  D..  New  York,  N.  Y.; 
secretary.  Howard  Childs  Carpenter,  M.  D., 
1805  Spruce  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

American  Philatelic  Society— President,  H.  H. 
Wilson,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.:  secretary.  Dr.  H. 
A.  Davis,  3421  Coif  ax  avenue,  Denver,  Col.; 
organized  1886;  it  publishes  the  American 
Philatelist,  a  monthly. 

American  Philosophical  Society  (founded  1727) 
—President.  William  B.  Scott,  vice-presi- 
dents. George  Ellery  Hale.  Arthur  A.  Noyes, 
Hampton  L.  Carson:  secretaries.  I.  Minis 
Hays.  Arthur  W.  Goodspeed.  Bradley  M. 
Davis,  Harry  F.  Keller.  104  South  5th  street. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

American  Physical  Society— President.  Prof.  J. 
S.  Ames,  Johns  Hopkins  university,  Baltimore, 
Md.:  secretary.  Prof.  Dayton  C.  Miller.  Case 
Schpol  of  Applied  Science.  Cleveland.  O. 

American  Political  Science  Association — Presi- 
dent. Prof.  Henry  Jones  Ford.  Princeton  uni- 
versity, Princeton,  N.  J.;  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. Prof.  Chester  Lloyd  Jones.  University 
of  Wisconsin.  Madison.  Wis. 

American  Public  Health  Association— President. 
Dr.  Lee  K.  Frankel,  New  York.  N.  Y.;  sec- 
retary. A.  W.  Hedrich,  169  Massachusetts 
avenue.  Boston.  Mass. 

American  Railway  Engineering1  Association- 
President.  Earl  Stimson.  Baltimore.  Md.; 
secretary  E.  H.  Fritch,  Chicago.  111. 

American  Society  of  Agricultural  Engineers — 
President,  Raymond  Olney.  St.  Joseph.  Mo.: 
secretary-treasurer,  Frederick  W.  Ives.  Ohio 
State  university.  Columbus.  O. 

American  Society  of  Biological  Chemists — Presi- 
dent, Carl  L.  Alsberg.  bureau  of  chemistry. 
Washington,  D.  C.:  secretary,  Stanley  R.  Ben- 
edict, Cornell  University  Medical  college.  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers— President, 
F.  S.  Curtis:  secretary,  Charles  Warren 
Hunt.  33  West  39th  street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers — 
President,  Mortimer  E.  Cooley:  secretary, 
Calvin  W.  Rice,  29  West  39th  street.  New 
York.  N.  Y. 

American  Society  of  Naturalists — President, 
Prof.  Edward  M.  East,  Harvard  university. 
Cambridge.  Mass.;  secretary.  Prof.  B.  M. 
Davis.  University  of  Michigan.  Ann  Arbor, 
Michigan. 

American  Society  of  Zoologists — President, 
C.  M.  Child.  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago, 
111.;  vice-president,  H.  H.  Wilder,  Smith  col- 
lege. Northampton  Mass.;  secretary-treasurer, 
W.  C.  Allee.  Lake  Forest  college.  Lake  For- 
est. 111. 

American  Sociological  S9ciety  —  President. 
Frank  W.  Blackmar,  University  of  Kansas, 
Lawrence.  Kas.;  secretary,  Scott  E.  W.  Bed- 
ford, University  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  111. 

American  Statistical  Association — Secretary, 
Robert  E.  Chaddock,  Kent  hall.  Columbia  uni- 
versity. New  York,  N.  Y. 

American  Surgical  Association — President,  Dr. 
George  E.  Brewer.  New  York,  N.  Y.;  secre- 
tary. Dr.  John  H.  Gibbon,  1608  Spruce 
street,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Archaeological   Institute    of   America    (incorpo- 
rated by  act  of  congress) — President,  Prof.  J. 
&    Egbert,    Columbia   university.    New    York, 
.     Y.:     general      secretary,      Prof.      G.      M. 
Wheeler.    Columbia    university.    New    York. 
N.  Y. 

Association  of  American  Law  Schools— Presi- 
dent, Harlan  F.  Stone.  Columbia  university. 
New  York,  N.  Y.;  secretary-treasurer,  F.  E. 
Gilmore,  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison. 
Wis. 

Franklin    Edgerton.    University    ol    Pennsyl- 
vania. Philadelphia.  Pa. 

American  Osteopathic  Association — President. 
Dr.  H.  W.  Conklin.  Battle  Creek.  Mich  :  sec- 
retary. Dr.  W.  A.  Gravatt.  Dayton.  O. 


Botanical  Society  of  America— President,  Prof. 
G.  C.  Arthur.  Purdue  university.  Lafayette. 
Ind.;  secretary.  Prof.  R.  Schramm.  Cornell 
university.  Ithaca.  'N.  Y. 

Clinical  Congress  of  Surgeons — President.  Dr. 
William  J.  Mayo.  Rochester.  Minn.:  secretary- 
general.  Dr.  Franklin  H.  Martin,  Chicago,  111. 

Commercial  Law  League  of  America— President. 
George  A.  Bacon.  Springfield,  Mass.;  secre- 
tary William  C.  Sprague.  Chicago.  111. 

Geological  Society  of  America.  The— President. 
John  C.  Merriam.  Berkeley.  Cal.;  secretary. 
Edmund  Otis  Hovey.  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

International  Union  of  Criminal  Law — Secre- 
tary of  American  group.  Edwin  R.-  Keedy. 
University  of  Pennsylvania  Law  school.  Phil- 
adelphia. Pa. 

National  Academy  of  Sciences — President.  Chas. 
D.  Walcott.  Washington.  D.  C.:  home  secre- 
tary, Charles  G.  Abbott:  assistant  secretary. 
Paul  Brockett.  Washington.  D.  C.:  foreign 
secretary.  George  E.  Hale.  Pasadena,  Cal.: 
membership,  180  active;  34  foreign  (asso- 

National  Tuberculosis  Association— Executive 
office.  381  4th  avenue.  New  York.  N.  Y.: 
managing  director.  Dr.  Charles  J.  Hatfield. 
2008  Walnut  street.  Philadelphia.  Pa.:  presi- 
dent. Dr.  Victor  C.  Vaughan.  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich.;  secretary.  Dr.  Henry  Barton  Jacobs, 
11  Mount  Vernon  place.  West  Baltimore.  Md. 

National  Dental  Association— President,  John 
V.  Conzett.  Dubuque.  la.;  secretary.  Dr. 
Otto  U.  King.  Chicago;  membership.  25.000. 

National  Education  Association — President. 
Josephine  Corliss,  Olympia,  Wash.;  secre- 
tary .  J.  W.  Crabtree.  1400  Massachusetts 
avenue  N.  W..  Washington,  D.  C. 

National  Eclectic  Medical  Association— Presi- 
dent. O.  S.  Coffin,  M.  D..  Indianapolis,  Ind.: 
corresponding  secretary.  Dr.  William  N. 
Mundy,  Forest.  O. 

National  Geographic  Society— President,  Rear- 
Admiral  John  E.  Pillsbury:  secretary,  O.  P. 
Austin:  director  and  editor,  Gilbert  H.  K-JroB- 
venor;  office.  National  Geographic  building, 
16th  and  M  streets,  Washington.  D.  C.: 
members.  700.000. 

National  Historical  Society.  The— President. 
Frank  Allaben,  New  York,  N.  Y.;  secretary. 
Mabel  T.  R.  Washburn:  magazine  of  the  so- 
ciety, the  Journal  of  American  History, 
editor-in-chief,  Frank  Allaben;  genealogical 
editor.  Mnbel  T.  R.  Washburn.  37  West  39th 
street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

National  Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters-^Presi- 
dent.  Augustus  Thomas.  New  York.  N.  Y. : 
secretary.  Ashley  H.  Thorndike.  Columbia 
university.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

National  Philatelic  Society— President.  J.  W. 
Taylor:  secretary -treasurer.  A.  M.  Wrierht. 
47  Court  street.  Boston.  Mass.  It  publishes 
its  own  bulletin,  the  National  Philatelist,  a 
monthly:  membership.  310. 

Society  of  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engi- 
neers— President,  Washington  L.  Capps:  secre- 
tary, Daniel  H.  Cox,  29  West  39th  street. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

The  Mathematical  Association  of  America- 
President,  H.  E.  Slaught;  vice-presidents. 
R.  G.  D.  Richardson  and  H.  L.  Rietz:  secre- 
tary. W.  D.  Cairns.  27  King  street.  Oberlin.  O. 

Western  Economic  Society — President,  Shailer 
Mathews.  Chicago.  111.:  secret  -try.  H.  G.  Moul- 
ton.  University  of  Chicago.  Chicago.  111. 

GENERAL  NATIONAL  ASSOCIATIONS. 

American  Bankers'  Association  —  President. 
Richard  S.  Hawes,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  general 
secretary  Fred  E.  Farnsworth,  5  Nassau 
street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

American  Civic  Association— President.  J.  Hor- 
ace McFarland.  Harrisburg.  Pa.:  treasurer. 
Karl  V.  S.  Rowland.  New  York.  N.  Y.:  sec- 
retary. Eleanor  E.  Marshall.  913-914  Union 
Trust  building.  Washington.  D.  C. 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


American  Humane  Association— President.  Dr. 
William  O.  Stillman.  Albany.  N.  Y.:  secre- 
tary. N.  J.  Walker.  Albany.  N.  Y.:  field  secre- 
tary. S.  H.  Coleman.  Albany.  N.  Y. :  treas- 
urer. H.  P.  Schoenberner.  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

American  National  Red  Cross— President.  Wood- 
row  Wilson:  vice-president.  Robert  W.  De 
Forest;  chairman  executive  committee.  Liv- 
ingston Farrand:  treasurer,  John  Skelton 
Williams:  counselor,  Alexander  C.  King; 
general  manager,  Frederick  C.  Munroe;  sec- 
retary. Stockton  Axson. 

American  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty 
to  Animals— President.  Alfred  Wagstaff:  sec- 
retary. Richard  Welling-:  general  manager. 
William  K.  Horton:  office.  50  Madison  ave- 
nue. New  York.  N.  Y. 

Anti-Saloon  League  of  America — President. 
Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson.  New  York.  N.  Y.: 
secretary.  S.  E.  Nicholson.  Richmond.  Ind. : 
treasurer.  Foster  Copcland.  Columbus.  O.: 
superintendent,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Purley  A.  Baker. 
Bell  building.  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Board  of  Temperance.  Prohibition  and  Public 
Morals  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Chuch— 
President.  Bishop  William  F.  McDowell:  gen- 
eral secretary.  Clarence  True  Wilson.  204 
Pennsylvania  avenue.  S.  E..  Washington.  D.  C. 

General  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs— Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  Josiah  Evans  Cowles.  Los  Angeles. 
Cal. :  recording  secretary.  Mrs.  Adam  Weiss. 
Del  Norte,  Col.;  corresponding  secretary,  Mrs. 
Mary  I.  Wood.  Portsmouth.  N.  H.:  treasurer. 
Mrs.  Benjamin  B.  Clark.  Red  Oak.  Iowa: 
auditor.  Mrs.  William  P.  Harper.  Seattle. 
Wash. 

Indian  Rights  Association — President.  Herbert 
Welsh.  Philadelphia.  Pa. :  corresponding  and 
recording  secretary.  Matthew  K.  Sniffen.  995 
Drexel  building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

International  Reform  Bureau — 206  Pennsylvania 
avenue.  S.  E..  Washington.  D.  C.:  superin- 
tendent and  treasurer.  Dr.  Wilbur  F.  Crafts: 
devoted  to  suppression  of  intemperance,  im- 
purity, sabbath  breaking,  gambling  and  kin- 
dred evils:  also  to  constructive  forms  of  rec- 
reation, bible  reading  in  schools  and  civic 
evangelism. 

Investment  Bankers  Association  of  America — 
President,  George  H.  Hodges.  New  York. 
N.  Y.;  secretary,  Frederick  B.  Fenton.  Fen- 
ton,  Corrigan  &  Boyle,  Chicago,  111.;  assist- 
ant secretary.  Clayton  G.  Schray.  Chicago.  111. 

Lake  Mohonk  Conferences — Secretary,  H.  C. 
Phillips.  Mohonk  Lake.  N.  Y. 

League  of  American  Municipalities— President. 
Martin  Behrman.  New  Orleans.  La.:  secretary- 
treasurer.  Robert  E.  Lee.  Baltimore.  Md. 

National  American  Suffrage  Association — Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt:  correspond- 


ing secretary.  Mrs.  Frank  J.  Shuler.  171  Mad- 
ison avenue.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Natipnal  Child  Labor  Committee— Chairman. 
Felix  Adler;  general  secretary.  Owen  B.  Love- 
ioy.  105  East  22d  street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

National  Civic  Federation.  The — Chairman  ex- 
ecutive council.  Ralph  M.  Easley.  33d  floor 
Metropolitan  tower.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

National  Conference  of  Social  Work  (formerly 
Charities  and  Correction) — President.  Owen 
B.  Lovejoy,  New  York.  N.  Y.;  general  secre- 
tary. William  T.  Cross.  315  Plymouth  court. 
Chicago.  111. 

National  Council  of  Women — President.  Mrs. 
Philip  N.  Moore.  St.  Louis.  Mo.:  correspond- 
ing secretary.  Miss  Lila  Taylor,  Washington. 
D.  C. 

National  Safety  Council— President,  B.  C.  Bich- 
ards  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  com- 
pany. Chicago,  HI.;  general  manager.  C.  W. 
Price.  168  North  Michigan  avenue.  Chicago. 
111.:  secretary.  S.  J.  Williams,  168  North 
Michigan  avenue,  Chicago,  ail.;  treasurer.  K. 
A.  Hunt.  168  North  Michigan  avenue.  Chi- 
cago. 111.;  secretary  and  general  manager. 
W.  H.  Cameron  804,  208  South  LaSalle 
street,  Chicago.  111. 

National  Congress  of  Mothers  and  Parent- 
Teacher  Associations — President.  Mrs.  Frederic 
Schoff.  Philadelphia.  Pa.:  corresponding  sec- 
retary, Mrs.  David  O.  Mears;  executive  sec- 
retary. Mrs.  Arthur  C.  Watkins;  national 
headquarters.  1314  Massachusetts  avenue. 
Washington.  D.  C. 

National  Municipal  League — President.  Lawson 
Purdy.  New  York.  N.  Y.;  secretary.  Clinton 
Rogers  Woodruff.  North  American  building. 
Philadelphia.  Pa.  Purpose :  The  scientific  in- 
vestigation by  experts  of  the  conditions  which 
best  promote  good  government. 

National  Short  Ballot  Organization — Secretary 
and  treasurer.  Richard  S.  Childs.  New  York. 
N.  Y.:  field  director.  Dr.  A.  R.  Hatton,  8 
West  9th  street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

National  Tax  Association — President,  Nils  P. 
Haugen,  Madison.  Wis.;  vice-president.  Zenas 
W.  Bliss,  Providence,  R.  I.:  secretary  and 
treasurer,  Alfred  E.  Holcomb.  195  Broadway. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

National  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
— President.  Miss  Anna  A.  Gordon;  corre- 
sponding secretary.  Mrs.  Frances  P.  Parks. 
Evanston.  111. 

Playground  and  Recreation  Association  of 
America  —  President,  Joseph  Lee.  Boston. 
Mass.;  secretary,  H.  S.  Braucher.  1  Madison 
avenue.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Press  Humorists— ^President.  Douglas  Malloch. 
Chicago.  111.:  secretary.  Grif  Alexander.  Phil- 
adelphia. Pa. 


Year. 


WINES  AND  LIQUORS   CONSUMED    IN 

, wines v  , Malt  11 

Consump-       Per          Consump- 
tion,        capita.  tion. 
Gallons.    Gallons.       Gallons. 


THE   UNITED   STATES. 


1840 4,873,096  .29  23,310,843 

1850 6,315,871  .27  36.563,009 

1860 11,059,141  .35  101,346,669 

1870 12,225,067  .32  204,756,156 

1880 28,098,179  .56  414,220,165 

1890 28,945.993  .46  855,792.335 

1900 29.988,467  .39  1,221,500,160 

1906 46,485,223  .53  1.699,985,642 

1907 57,738,848  .65  1,821,867.627 

1908 52,121,64fi  .58  1,828,732,448 

1909 61.779,549  .67  1.752,634,426 

1910 60,548,078  .65  1,851,340,256 

1911 63,859,232  .67  1,966,911,744 

1912 56,424,711  .58  1,932,531,184 

1913 55,327,461  .56  2,030,347.372 

1914 52,418,430  .52  2,056,407,108 

1915 32,911,909  .32  1,855,524,284 

1916 47,587.145  .46  1,818,266,448 

1917 42,723,376  .41  1,884,265,377 

1918 29,702,070  .28  1,556,378,953 


S-—-N/- 

Per 

—Distilled  spirits  —  v 
Consump-         Per 

,—  Wines  &  liquors-N 
Per 

capita. 

tion. 

capita. 

Total. 

capit*. 

Gals. 

Pf.  gallons. 

Pf.  gals. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

1.36 

43.060,884 

2.52 

71,244.823 

4.17 

1.58 

51.833,473 

2.23 

94,712,353 

4.08 

3.22 

89,968.651 

2.86 

202,374,461 

6.43 

5.31 

79,895,708 

2.07 

296,876,931 

7.70 

8.26 

63,526,694 

1.27 

506,076,400 

10.08 

13.67 

87,829,562 

1.40 

972,578,878 

15.53 

16.01 

97.248,382 

1.27 

1,349,176,033 

17.79 

19.54 

127,754,544 

1.47 

1,874,225,409 

21.55 

20.56 

140.084.436 

1.58 

2,019,690,911 

22.79 

20.26 

125.379,314 

1.39 

2,006,233.408 

22.22 

19.07 

121,130,036 

1.32 

1,935,544.011 

21.0« 

19.79 

133,538,684 

1.42 

2,045,427,018 

22.19 

20.66 

138,585,989 

1.46 

2,169.356,695 

22.79 

19.96 

139,496.331 

1.44 

2,128.452,226 

21.98 

20.62 

147.745,628 

1.50 

2,233.420,461 

22.68 

20.54 

143,447,227 

1.43 

2,252,272,765 

22.50 

18.24 

127.159,098 

1.25 

2,015,595,291 

19.80 

17.59 

139,958,732 

1.35 

2,005,812,325 

19.40 

17.94 

167,740,325 

1.60 

2.094,729,078 

19.95 

14.59 

119,926,258 

1.12 

1,706,007,281 

1600 

ALMANAC  AND  rBAR-BOOK  *OR  1920. 


369 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

September  17.  1787. 


PREAMBLE.  We.  the  people  of  the  United 
States  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union, 
establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity, 
provide  for  the  common  defense,  promote  the 
general  welfare  and  secure  the  blessing's  of  lib- 
erty to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain 
and  establish  this  constitution  for  the  United 
States  of  America: 

ARTICLE  I. 

Section  I.  All  legislati.ve  powers  herein  grant- 
ed shall  be  vested  in  a  congress  of  the  United 
States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  senate  and 
house  of  representatives. 

Sec.  II.  1.  The  house  of  representatives  shall 
be  composed  of  members  chosen  every  second 
year  by  the  people  of  the  several  states,  and 
the  electors  in  each  state  shall  have  the  Qual- 
ifications requisite  for  electors  of  the  most 
numerous  branch  of  the  state  legislature. 

2.  No  person  shall  be  a  representative  who 
shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  25  years 

§nd  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United 
tates.  and  who  shall  not.  when  elected,  be  an 
inhabitant  of  that  state  in  which  he  shall  be 
chosen* 

3.  Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be 
apportioned    among:   the   several   states   which 
may  be  included  within  this  union,  according1 
to    their   respective    numbers,    which   shall    be 
determined  by  adding-  to  the  whole  number  of 
free  persons,  including-  those  bpund  to  service 
for  a  term  of  years,  and  excluding-  Indians  not 
taxed,    three-fifths  of   all  other  persons.     The 
actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three 
years   after  the   first   meeting-  of  the  congress 
of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subse- 
quent   term   of  ten  years,    in   such   manner  as 
they  shall  by  law  direct.     The  number  of  rep- 
resentatives   shall    not    exceed    one    for   every 
80.000.  but  each  state  shall  have  at  least  one 
representative,     and    until    such    enumeration 
shall   be   made   the   state    of   New   Hampshire 
shall   be   entitled  to   choose   three:   Massachu- 
setts, eight:  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plan- 
tations, one:  Connecticut,  five;  New  York,  six: 
New    Jersey,   four;    Pennsylvania,    eight;   Dela- 
ware, one';  Maryland,  six;  Virginia,  ten:  North 
Carolina,  five:  South  Carolina,  five,  and  Geor- 
gia, three. 

4.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representa- 
tion  from   any   state    the   executive  authority 
thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such 
vacancies. 

5.  The  house  of  representatives  shall  choose 
their  speaker  and  other  officers  and  shall  have 
the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

Sec.  III.  1.  The  senate  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  composed  of  two  senators  from  each 
state,  chosen  by  the  legislature  thereof,  for 
six  years,  and  each  senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

2.  Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled 
in  consequence  of  the  first  election  they  shall 
be  divided,   as  equally   as  may  be,   into   three 
classes.     The  seats  of  the  senators  of  the  first 
class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the 
second   year:    of   the   second  class,    at   the  ex- 
piration of  the  fourth  year,   and  of  the  third 
class  at  the  expiration,  of  the  sixth  year,   so 
that  one-third  may  be  chosen  every  .second  year, 
and    if    vacancies    happen    by    resignation    or 
otherwise,  during1  the  recess  of  the  legislature 
of  any  state,  the  executive  thereof  may  make 
temporary   appointments  until  the  next   meet- 
ing   of    the   legislature,    which    shall   then    fill 
such  vacancies. 

3.  No  person  shall  be  a  senator  who   shall 
not   have    attained    the    age    of    30    years    and 
been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  who  shall  not.  when  elected,  be  an  inhab- 
itant   of    that    state    for    which    he    shall    be 
chosen. 

4.  The  vice-president  of  the  United   States 
shall   be    president    of    the    senate,    but    shall 
have  no  vote  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 


5.  The  senate  shall  choose  their  other  offi- 
cers and  also  a  president  pro  tempore  in  the 
absence  of  the  vice-president  or  when  he  shall 
exercise  the  office  of  president  of  the  United 
States. 

6.  The  senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to 
try  all  impeachments.     When  sitting:  for  that 
purpose  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation. 
When   the   president   of   the  United    States   is 
tried  the   chief   justice    shall   preside,    and   no 
person    shall   be    convicted    without    the    con- 
currence of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present. 

7.  Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall 
not  extend  further  than  to  removal  from  office 
and    disqualification    to    hold    and    enjoy    any 
office  of  honor,  trust  or  profit  under  the  United 
States,  but  the  party  convicted  shall,  neverthe- 
less, be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial, 
judgment  and  punishment  according1  to  'law. 

Sec.  IV.  1.  The  times,  places  and  manner  of 
holding1  elections  for  senators  and  represent- 
atives shall  be  prescribed  in  each  state  by  the 
legislature  thereof,  but  the  congress  may  at 
any  time,  by  law,  make  or  alter  such  regula- 
tions, except  as  to  the  places  of  choosing- 
senators. 

2.  The  congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once 
in  every  year,  and  such  meeting-  shall  be  on 
the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they 
shall,  by  law,  appoint  a  different  day. 

Sec.  V.  1.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge 
of  the  elections,  returns  and  qualifications  of 
its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall 
constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business,  but  a 
smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day. 
and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  attend- 
ance of  absent  members,  in  such  manner  and 
under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  pro- 
vide. 

2.  Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of 
its    proceedings,    punish    its   members    for  dis- 
orderly behavior,  and.  with  the  concurrence  of 
two-thirds,  expel  a  member. 

3.  Each  house  shall  keep   a  journal  of  its 
proceedings,    and   from   time   to    time   publish 
the    same,    excepting-    such    parts    as    may.    in 
their  judgment,  require  secrecy;   and  the  yeas 
and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  house,  on 
any  question,   shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth 
of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

4.  Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  con- 
gress, shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other, 
adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any 
other    place    than    that    in    which    the    two 
houses  shall  be  sitting1. 

Sec.  VI.  1.  The  senators  and  representatives 
shall  receive  a  compensation  for  their  serv- 
ices, to  be  ascertained  by  law  and  paid  out  of 
the  treasury  of  the  United  States.  They  shall, 
in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony  and  breach 
of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during- 
their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respec- 
tive houses  and  in  going-  to  or  returning1  from 
the  same,  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in 
either  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in 
any  other  place. 

2.  No  senator  or  representative  shall,  during' 
the  time  for  which  he  was  elected,  be  ap- 
pointed to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority 
of  the  United  States  which  shall  have  been 
created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall  have 
been  increased,  during-  such  time,  and  no  per- 
son holding1  any  office  under  the  United  States 
shall  be  a  member  of  either  house  during1  his 
continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  VII.  1.  All  bills  for  raising1  a  revenue 
shall  originate  in  the  house  of  representatives, 
but  the  senate  may  propose  or  concur  with 
amendments,  as  on  other  bills. 

2.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the 
house  of  representatives  and  the  senate  shall, 
before  it  becomes  a  law.  be  presented  to  the 
president  ol  the  United  States;  if  he  approve, 
he  shall  sign  it.  but  if  not,  he  shall  return  it. 


370 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


with  his  objections,  to  that  house  in  which  it 
shall  have  originated,  who  shall  enter  the  ob- 
jections at  large  on  their  journal  and  proceed 
to  reconsider  it.  If.  alter  such  reconsideration, 
two-thirds  of  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass 
the  bill,  it  shall  be  oent,  together  with  the 
objections,  to  the  other  house,  by  which  il 
shall  likewise  be  reconsidered,  and  if  approved 
by  two-thirds  of  that  house  it  shall  become  a 
law.  But  in  all  such  cases  the  votes  of  both 
houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays 
and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and 
against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal 
of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall 
not  be  returned  by  the  president  within  ten 
days  (Sundays  excepted)  after  it  shall  have 
been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a 
law.  in  like  manner  as  if  ha  h-id  signed  it. 
unless  the  congress,  by  their  adjournment,  pre- 
vent its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be 

3.  Every  order,  resolution  or  vote  to  which 
the  concurrence  of  the  senate  and  house  of 
representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on 
question  of  adjournment)  shall  be  present 
to  the  president  of  the  United  States,  and  be- 
fore the  same  shall  take  effect  shall  be  ap- 
proved by  him.  or.  being  disapproved  by  him*, 
shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the  senate 
and  house  of  representatives,  according  to  the 
rules  and  limitations  prescribed  in  case  of  a 
bill. 

Sec.  VIII.    The  congress  shall  have  power— 

1.  To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts 
and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts  and  provide  for 
the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the 
United  States,  but  all  duties,  imposts  and  ex- 
cises shall  be  uniform  throughout  the  United 
States. 

2.  To  borrow   money  on   the  credit   of    the 
United  States. 

3.  To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  na- 
tions and  among  the  several  states  and  with 
the  Indian  tribes. 

4.  To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  natural- 
ization and   uniform   laws  on   ilie    subject   of 
bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States. 

5.  To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof 
and  of   foreign  coin,  and  fix  the  standard  of 
weights  and  measures. 

6.  To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  coun- 
terfeiting the  securities  and  current  coin  of  the 
United  States. 

7.  To  establish  postoffices  and  postroads. 

8.  To  promote  the  progress  of   science  and 
useful   arts   by   securing   for  limited   times  to 
authors  and   inventors  the   exclusive  right  to 
their  respective  writings  and  discoveries. 

9.  To    constitute    tribunals    inferior   to   the 
Supreme  court.     To  define  and  punish  piracies 
and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas  and 
offenses  against  the  law  of  nations. 

10.  To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque 
and   reprisal   and   make   rules  concerning  cap- 
tares  on  land  and  water. 

11.  To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  ap- 
propriation of  money  to  that  use  shaU  be  for 
a  longer  term  than  two  years. 

12.  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy. 

13.  To  make  rules  for  the  government  and 
regulation  of  the  land  and  naval  forces. 

14.  To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia 
to  execute  the  laws  of  the  union,  suppress  in- 
surrections and  repel  invasions. 

15.  To  provide   for   organizing,   arming  and 
disciplining  the  militia  and  for  governing  such 
part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  serv- 
ice of  the  United  States,  reserving  to  the  states 
respectively  the  appointment  of  the  officers  and 
the    authority   of    training   the   militia   accoj  cl- 
ing to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  congress. 

16.  To   exercise   exclusive    legislation  in   all 
cases  whatsoever   over   such   district    (not    ex- 
ceeding ten  miles  square)    as  may.   by  cession 
of    particular    states    and    the    acceptance    of 
congress,    become    the    seat    of   government    cf 
the  United  States,  and  to  exercise  like  author- 


ity over  all  places  purchased,  by  the  consent  of 
the  legislature  of  the  state  in  which  the  sam« 
shall  be.  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines, 
arsenals,  dockyards  and  all  other  needful  build- 
ings; and. 

17.  To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  neces- 
sary and  proper  for  carrying  into  execution  the 
foregoing  powers  and  all  other  powers  vested 
by  this  constitutipn  in  the  government  of  the 
United  States  or  in  any  department  or  officer 
thereof. 

Sec.  IX.  1.  The  migration  or  importation 
of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  states  now  ex- 
isting shall  think  proper  to  admit  shall  not  be 
prohibited  by  the  congress  prior  to  the  year 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  but  a 
tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importa- 
tion, not  exceeding  810  for  each  person. 

2.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  cor- 
pus  shall  not  be   suspended,   unless   when,   in 
cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety 
may  require  it. 

3.  No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law 
shall  be  passed. 

4.  No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be 
laid,    unless    in    proportion    to   the   census    or 
enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

6.  No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  article* 
exported  from  any  state.  No  preference  shall 
be  given,  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or 
revenue,  to  the  ports  of  one  state  over  those 
of  another:  nor  shell  vessels  bound  to  or  from 
one  state  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear  or  pay 
duties  in  another. 

6.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treas- 
ury but  in  consequence  of  appropriations  mad* 
by  law,  and  a  regular  statement  and  account 
of    receipts    and    expenditures    of    all    public 
money  shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

7.  No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by 
the  United  States,   and  no  person  holding  any 
office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them  shall,  with- 
ov.t    the    consent    of    congress,    accept    of    any 
present,  emolument,  office  or  title  of  any  kind 
whatever    from    any   king,    prince   or   foreign 
state. 

Sec.  X.  1.  No  state  shall  enter  into  any 
treaty,  alliance  or  confederation:  grant  letters 
of  marque  and  reprisal:  coin  money;  emit  bills 
of  credit:  make  anything  but  gold  and  silver 
coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts:  pass  any 
bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law 
impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant 
any  title  of  nobility. 

2.  No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of 
the  congress,  lay  any  imposts  or  duties  on 
imports  or  exports  except  what  may  ba  abso- 
lutely necessary  for  executing  its  inspection 
laws,  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and 
imposts  laid  by  any  state  on  imports  or  ex- 
ports shell  be  for  the  use  of  the  treasury 
of  the  United  States,  and  all  such  laws  shall 
be  subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the 
congress.  No  state  shall,  without  the  consent 
of  congress,  lay  any  duty  of  tonnage,  keep 
troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter 
into  any  agreement  or  compact  with  another 
state  or  with  a  foreign  power  or  engage  in 
war,  unless  actually  invaded  or  in  such  im- 
minent danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

ARTICLE  H. 

Section  I.  1.  The  executive  P9wer  shall  be 
vested  in  a  president  of  the  United  States  of 
America.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the 
term  of  four  years,  and  together  with  the  vice- 
president,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be  elected 
as  follows: 

2.  Each  state  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner 
as  the  legislature  thereof  may  direct,  a  number 
of    electors,    equal    to    the    whole    number    of 
senators  and  representatives  to  which  the  state 
may  be  entitled  in  the  congress,  but  no  senator 
or  representative  or  person  holding  an  office  of 
trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States  shall  be 
appointed  an  elector. 

3.  The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


371 


states  and  vote  by  ballot  for  two  persons,  of 
whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant 
of  the  same  state  with  themselves.  And  they 
shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons  voted  for 
and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which 
list  they  shall  sign  and  certify  and  transmit 
sealed  to  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United 
States,  directed  to  the  president  of  the  senate. 
The  president  of  the  senate  shall,  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  senate  and  house  of  representa- 
tives, open  all  the  certificates  and  the  votes 
shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having1  the 
greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  presi- 
dent, if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if 
there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  major- 
ity and  have  an  equal  number  of  votes,  then 
the  house  of  representatives  shall  immediately 
choose,  by  ballot,  one  of  them  for  president; 
and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from 
the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  house 
shall,  in  like  manner,  choose  the  president.  But 
in  choosing1  the  president  the  votes  shall  be 
taken  by  states,  the  representation  from  each 
state  having1  one  vote:  a  quorum  for  this  pur- 
pose shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members 
from  two-thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  majority 

£f  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice. 
D  every  case  after  the  choice  of  the  president 
the  person  having-  the  greatest  number  of 
votes  oi  the  electors  shall  be  the  vice-president. 
But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who 
have  equal  votes  the  senate  shall  choose  from 
them,  by  ballot,  the  vice-president.  [The  fore- 
going* provisions  were  changed  by  the  12th 
amendment.] 

4.  The  congress  may  determine  the  time  of 
choosing  the  electors  and  the  day  on  which 
they  shall  give  their  votes,  which  day  shall  be 
the  same  throughout  the  United  States. 

6.  No  person  except  a  natural-born  citizen 
or  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  at  the  time 
of  the  adoption  of  this  constitution  shall  be 
eligible  to  the  office  of  president:  neither  shall 
any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  who  shall 
not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  35  years  and 
been  fourteen  years  a  resident  within  the 
United  States. 

6.  In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  president 
from  office  or  of  his  death,  resignation  or  in- 
ability to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of 
the  said  office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the 
vice-president:  and  the  congress  may,  by  law. 
provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resig- 
nation or  inability  both  of   the  president  and 
vice-president,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then 
act  as  president,  and  such  officer  shall  act  ac- 
cordingly, until  the  disability  be  removed  or  a 
president  shall  be  elected. 

7.  The  president  shall,   at  stated  times,  re- 
ceive  for  his   services    a    compensation    which 
shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  dur- 
ing the  period   for  which  he   shall  have  been 
elected,    and  he   shall   not  receive  within   that 
period  any  other  emolument  from  the  United 
States  or  any  of  them.        • 

8.  Before  he  enters  on  the  execution  of  his 
office    he    shall    take    the    following    oath    or 
affirmation : 

I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will 
faithfully  execute  the  office  of  president  of 
the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my 
ability,  preserve,  protect  and  defend  the  con- 
stitution of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  II.  1.  The  president  shall  be  commander 
in  chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  states 
when  called  into  the  actual  service  of  the 
United  States.  He  may  reuuire  the  opinion,  in 
writing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the 
executive  departments  upon  any  subject  relat- 
ing to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices, 
and  he  shall  have  the  power  to  grant  re- 

Srieves   and   pardons    for   offenses    against  the 
nited  States  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 
2.     He   shall   have   power,    by   and  with   the 
advice    and   consent    of    the    senate,    to    make 


treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  senators 
present  concur,  and  he  shall  nominate,  and. 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
senate,  shall  appoint  ambassadors,  other  pub- 
lic ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of  the  Su- 
preme court  and  all  pther  officers  of  the  United 
States  whose  appointments  are  not  herein 
otherwise  provided  for  and  which  shall  be  es- 
tablished by  law.  But  the  congress  may.  by 
law.  vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior 
officers  as  they  shall  think  proper  in  the 
president  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law  or  in 
the  heads  of  departments. 

3.  The  president  shall  have  power  to  fill  up 
all  vacancies  that  may  happen  during  the  re- 
cess of  the  senate  by  granting  commissions, 
which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next 


Sec.  m.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give 
to  the  congress  information  of  the  state  of 
the  union  and  recommend  to  their  considera- 
tion such  measures  as  he  shall  judge  necessary 
and  expedient.  He  may.  on  extraordinary  occa- 
sions, convene  both  houses  or  either  of  them, 
and  in  case  of  disagreement  between  them, 
with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he 
may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall 
think  proper.  He  shall  receive  ambassadors 
and  other  public  ministers.  He  shall  take  care 
that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed,  and  shall 
commission  all  officers  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  IV.  The  president,  vice-president  and  all 
civil  officers  of  the  United  States  shall  be  re- 
moved from  office  on  impeachment  for  and 
conviction  of  treason,  bribery  or  other  high 
crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE  in. 

Section  I.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United 
States  shall  be  vested  in  one  Supreme  court 
and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  congress 
may,  from  time  to  time,  ordain  and  establish. 
The  judges,  bolh  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior 
coiirts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good 
behavior,  and  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for 
their  services  a  compensation  which  shall  npt 
be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in 
office 

Sec.  n.  1.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend 
to  all  cases,  in  law  and  equity,  arising  under 
this  constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States 
and  treaties  made  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  their  authority:  to  all  cases  affecting 
ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  con- 
suls: to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime 
jurisdiction:  to  controversies  to  which  the 
United  States  shall  be  a  party;  to  controversies 
between  two  or  more  states;  between  a  state 
and  citizens  of  another  state;  between  citizens 
of  different  states:  between  citizens  of  the 
same  state  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  dif- 
ferent states,  and  between  a  state  or  the  citi- 
zens thereof  and  foreign  states,  citizens  or 

2.  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other 
public    ministers    and    consuls    and    those    in 
which   a  state   shall   be  a   party  the  Supreme 
court   shall  have  original   jurisdiction.      In   all 
the  other  cases  before  mentioned  the  Supreme 
court  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as 
to    law    and    fact,    with    such   exceptions    and 
under   such  regulations   as  the  congress  shall 

3.  The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of 
impeachment,  shall  be  by  jury,  and  such  trials 
shall    be    held    in    the    state    where    the    said 
crimes   shall  have  been  committed,   but   when 
not  committed  within  any  state  the  trial  shall 
be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  congress  may 
by  law  have  directed.  • 

Sec.  III.  1.  Treason  against  the  United 
States  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  them  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies, 
giving  them  aid  and  comfort.  No  person  shall 
be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony 
of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act  or  on 
confession  in  open  court. 


372 


ALMANAC  AND  YE&R-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


2.  The  congress  shall  have  power  to  de- 
clare the  punishment  of  treason,  but  no  at- 
tainder of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of 
blood  or  forfeiture  except  duringr  the  life  of 
the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

Section  I.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be 
given  in  each  state  to  the  public  acts,  records 
and  judicial  proceeding's  of  every  other  state. 
And  the  congress  may,  by  general  laws,  pre- 
scribe the  manner  in  which  such  acts,  records 
and  proceedings  shall  be  proved  and  the  effect 
thereof. 

Sec.  II.  1.  The  citizens  of  each  state  shall 
be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  immunities  of 
citizens  in  the  several  states. 

2.  A  person  charged  in  any  state  with  trea- 
son,   felony    or    other    crime.,    who    shall    flee 
from   justice   and  be  found   in   another  state, 
shall,    on  demand   of    the   executive   authority 
of  the  state  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered 
up,  to  be  removed  to  the  state  having  juris- 
diction of  the  crime. 

3.  No  person  held   to   service  or  labor  in 
one  state  under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into 
another,   shall,  in  consequence  of   any  law   or 
regulation    therein,    be    discharged    from    such 
service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered  up  on 
claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or 
labor  may  be  due. 

Sec.  III.  1.  New  states  may  be  admitted 
by  the  congress  of  this  union,  but  no  new 
state  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  any  other  state,  nor  any  state  be 
formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  states 
or  parts  of  states,  without  the  consent  of  the 
legislatures  of  the  states  concerned  as  well 
as  of  the  congress. 

2.  The  congress  shall  have  power  to  dis- 
pose of  and  make  all  needful  rules  and  reg- 
ulations respecting:  the  territory  or  other  prop- 
erty belonging-  to  the  United  States,  and  noth- 
ing in  this  constitution  shall  be  so  construed 
as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States 
or  ( f  any  particular  state. 

Sec.  IV.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee 
to  every  state  in  this  union  a  republican  form 
of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them 
against  invasion,  and  on  application  of  the 
legislature  or  of  the  executive  (when  the  legis- 
lature cannot  be  convened)  against  domestic 
violence. 

ARTICLE  V. 

The  congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both 
bouses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose 
amendments  to  this  constitution,  or,  on  the 
application  of  the  legislatures  of  two-thirds  of 
the  several  states,  shall  call  a  convention  for 
proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case, 
shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as 
part  of  this  constitution  when  ratified  by  the 
legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several 
states  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths 
thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  rati- 
fication may  be  proposed  by  the  congress:  pro- 
vided, that  no  amendment  which  may  be  made 
prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  eight  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first 
and  fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth  section  of  the 
first  article,  and  that  no  state,  without  its  con- 
sent, shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in 

""  Senate'          ARTICLE  VI. 

Section  I.  1.  All  debts  contracted  and  en- 
gagements entered  into  before  the  adoption  of 
this  constitution  shall  be  as  valid  against  the 
United  States  under  this  constitution  as  under 
the  confederation. 

2.  This  constitution  and  the  laws  of  the 
United  States  which  shall  be  made  in  pursu- 
ance thereof,  and  all  treaties  made  or  which 
shall  be  made  under  authority  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land, 
and  the  judges  in  every  state  shall  be  bound 
thereby,  anything  in  the  constitution  or  laws 
of  any  state  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 


3.  The  senators  and  representatives  before 
mentioned  and  the  members  of  the  several 
state  legislatures  and  all  executive  and  judicial 
officers,  both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the 
several  states,  shall  be  bound,  by  oath  or 
affirmation,  to  support  this  constitution,  but 
no  religious  test  shall  ever  be  required  aa  a 
qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  tinder 
the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  VH. 

The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine 
states  shall  be  sufficient  for  the  establishment 
of  this  constituion  between  the  states  so  rati- 
fying the  same. 

Done  in  convention,  by  the  unanimous  con- 
sent of  the  states  present,  the  seventeenth  day 
of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and 
of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America  the  twelfth. 

AMENDMENTS  TO  THE   CONSTITUTION. 

Proposed  by  congress  and  ratified  by  the 
legislatures  of  the  several  states,  pursuant  to 
article  V.  of  the  original  constitution.  The 
dates  given  are  those  showing  when  each 
amendment  went  into  effect  or  was  proclaimed. 

I.  Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an 
establishment    of    religion    or    prohibiting    the 
free  exercise  thereof,  or  abridging  the  freedom 
of  speech  or  of  the  press,  or  the  right  of  the 
people   peaceably  to  assemble  and   to  petition 
the   government    for    a    redress    of    grievances. 
(Dec.  15.  1791.) 

II.  A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary 
to  the   security   of   a   free   state,    the   right  of 
the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be 
infringed.     (Dec.  15.  1791.) 

III.  No  soldier  shall,  in  time   of  peace,  be 
quartered  in  any  house  without  the  consent  of 
the  owner:  nor  in  wartime  but  in  a  manner  to 
be  prescribed  by  law.    (Dec.  15.  1791.) 

IV.  The   right    of   the   people    to   be    secure 
in    their    persons,    houses,    papers    and    effects 
against     unreasonable     searches     and     seizures 
shall   not   be  violated,    and   no   warrants   shall 
issue  but  upon  probable  cause,   supported   by 
oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing 
the  place  to  be   searched  and   the   persons  or 
things  to  be  seized.    (Dec.  15,  1791.) 

V.  No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a 
capital  or  otherwise  infamous  crime  unless  on 
a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury, 
except  in   cases   arising  in   the   land  or  naval 
forces  or  in  the  militia,  when  in  actual  serv- 
ice, in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  nor  shall 
any    person    be   subject    for    the    same    offense 
to  be   twice  put  in  jeopardy   of  life  or  limb: 
nor  shall  he  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case 
to   be   a    witness   against    himself,    nor   be  de- 
prived of  life,  liberty  or  property  without  due 
process  of  law;   nor  shall  private  property  be 
taken   for  public  use    without   just   compensa- 
tion.    (Dec.   15,    1791.) 

VI.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused 
shall  enjoy   the  right   to  a   speedy   and  public 
trial  by    an   impartial   jury    of    the    state    and 
district    wherein    the    crime    shall    have    been 
C9mmitted,  which  district  shall  have  been  pre- 
viously ascertained  by  law.  and  to  be  informed 
of    the    nature    and   cause    of    the    accusation; 
to   be   confronted    with    the    witnesses   against 
him;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining 
witnesses  in  his  favor,  and  to  have  the  assist- 
ance   of    counsel    for    his   defense.      (Dec.    15, 
1791.) 

VII.  In    suits    at   common    law,    where    the 
value    in    controversy    shall    exceed    $20.    the 
right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  and 
no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re- 
examined   in   any    court    of    the  United   States 
than    according    to    the   rules    of    the   common 
law.     (Dec.  15.  1791.) 

VIII.  Excessive  bail  shall   not  be  required, 
nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel  and  un- 
usual punishments  inflicted.     (Dec.  15.  1791.) 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


373 


IX.  The  enumeration  in  the  constitution  of 
certain  rights  shall  not  be  construed   to  deny 
or    disparage    others    retained    by    the    people. 
(Dec.  15,  1791.) 

X.  The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United 
States   by   the   constitution    nor  prohibited   by 
it  to  the  states  are  preserved  to  the  states  re- 
spectively or  to  the  people.    (Dec.  15,  1791.) 

XI.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States 
shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any   suit 
in    law    or    equity    commenced    or    prosecuted 
against    one  of   the   United    States  by   citizens 
of  another  state  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of 
any  foreign  state.    (Jan.  8,  1798.) 

XII.  Section  1.    The  electors  shall  meet  in 
their  respective  states  and  vote  by  ballot  for 
president  and  vice-president,    one  of  whom  at 
least   shall  not  be  an  inhabitant   of  the  same 
state    with    themselves:    they    shall    name    in 
their  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  president, 
and  in  distinct   ballots    the   person   voted   for 
as  vice-president,  and  they  shall  make  distinct 
lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  president  and 
of  all  persons  voted  for  as  vice-president,  and 
of  the  number   of  votes  for  each,   which  list 
they  shall  sign  and  certify  and  transmit  sealed 
to  the  seat   of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  directed  to  the  president  of  the  senate; 
the  president  of  the  senate  shall,  in  the  pres- 
ence  of   the   senate  and   house   of   representa- 
tives,   open  all   the   certificates   and   the  votes 
shall  then  be  counted:   the  person  having-  the 
greatest   number  of   votes   for   president   shall 
be  the  president,  if  such  number  be  a  major- 
ity of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed, 
and    if    no    person    have    such    majority,    then 
from  the  persons  having  the  highest  numbers, 
not  exceeding  three,  on  the  list  of  those  voted 
for  as  president,  the  house  of  representatives 
ehall  choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  for  presi- 
dent.    But  in  choosing  the  president  the  votes 
ehall   be    taken   by    states,    the    representation 
from   each   state  having1   one  vote;    a   quorum 
for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or 
members  from  two-thirds  of  the  states,  and  a 
majority   of   all   the   states   shall  be  necessary 
to  a  choice.     And  if  the  house  of  representa- 
tives  shall   not   choose   a   president    whenever 
the  right   of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them 
before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  follow- 
ing, then  the  vice-president  shall  act  as  presi- 
dent,   as   in   the   case   of    the   death    or   other 
constitutional  disability  of  the  president. 

Sec.  2.  The  person  haying  the  greatest  num- 
ber of  votes  as  vice-president  shall  be  the  vice- 
president,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no 
person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two 
highest  numbers  on  the  list  the  senate  shall 
choose  a  vice-president.  A  quorum  for  the 
purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the 
whole  number  of  senators  and  a  majority  of 
the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a 
choice. 

Sec.  3.  But  no  person  constitutionally  in- 
eligible to  the  office  of  president  shall  be  eligi- 
ble to  that  of  vice-president  of  the  United 
States.  (Sept.  28,  1804.) 

XIII.  Section  1.    Neither  slavery  nor  invol- 
untary servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for 
crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly 
convicted,  shall  exist  within  the  United  States 
or  any  place  subject  to  their  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  2.  Congress  shall  have  the  power  to 
enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 
(Dec.  18.  1865.) 

XIV.  Section  1.   All  persons  born  or  natural- 
ized in  the  United  States   and  subject  to  the 
jurisdiction  thereof  are  citizens  of  the  United 
States   and   of   the   state   wherein   they   reside. 
No  state  shall  make  or  enforce  any  law  which 
shall  abridge  the  privileges   or  immunities   of 
citizens   of    the   United    States,    nor   shall   any 
state   deprive    any    person    of    life,    liberty    or 
property  without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny 
to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal 
protection  of  the  laws. 


Sec.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned 
among  the  several  states  according-  to  their  re- 
spective numbers,  counting  the  whole  num- 
ber of  persons  in  each  state,  excluding  Indiana 
not  taxed.  But  when  the  right  to  vote  at  any 
election  for  the  choice  of  electors  for  presi- 
dent and  vice-president  of  the  United  States 
representatives  in  congress,  the  executive  and 
judicial  officers  of  a  state  or  the  members  of 
the  legislature  thereof  is  denied  to  any  of  the 
male  inhabitants  of  such  state,  being  21  years 
of  age  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or 
in  any  way  abridged,  except  for  participation 
in  rebellion  or  other  crime,  the  basis  of  rep- 
resentation therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  pro- 
portion which  the  number  of  such  male  citi- 
zens shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male 
Citizens  21  years  of  age  in  such  state. 

Sec.  8.  No  person  shall  be  a  senator  or  rem 
resentative  in  congress  or  elector  of  president 
and  vice-president,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or 
military  under  the  United  States,  or  under 
any  state,  who.  having  previously  taken  the 
oath  as  a  member  of  congress  or  as  an  officer 
of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any 
state  legislature,  or  as  an  executive  or  judi- 
cial officer  of  any  state,  to  support  the  con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  shall  have  en- 
gaged in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
same  or  grven  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies 
lh?wT°  *  But  congress  may,  by  a  vote  of  two- 
thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such  disability. 

*i,SeCrT  t'  J^e  validity  of  the  public  debt  of 
the  United .  States,  authorized  by  law,  includ- 
ing- debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions 
and  bounties  for  services  in  suppressing  insur- 

R6,?t  Ori-n,r  ?%S*il&tl£Sa&  not  be  Questioned. 
But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  state 
shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation 
incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  United  States  or  any  claim  for  the 
10S1  °Ji  eman«Pation  of  any  slave,  but  all 
SSwNi&fr  orations  and  claims  shall  be 
held  illegal  and  void. 

Sec.  5.  The  congress  shall  have  the  power 
to  enforce  by  appropriate  legislation  the  pro- 
visions of  this  article.  (July  28,  1868.) 

rrS&a  Scetct*ion  +1'  The  rigrht  of  citizens  of  the 
HSL*?"  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or 
abridged  by  the  United  States  or  any  state  on 
of  Servitude raCC>  C0l°r  °r  previous  condition 

Sec.  3.  The  congress  shall  have  power  to 
Odarch  8t?1870?  *  appropriate  legislation. 

XVI.  The  congress  shall  have  power  to  lay 
and  collect  taxes  on  incomes,  from  whatever 
source  derived,  without  apportionment  among- 
the  several  states,  and  without  regard  to  any 
census  or  enumeration. 

XVn.  Section  1.  The  senate  of  the  United 
States  shall  be  composed  of  two  senators  from 
each  state,  elected  by  the  people  thereof,  for 
six  years:  and  each  senator  shall  have  one 
vote.  The  electors  in  each  state  shall  have 
the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of  the 
most  numerous  branch  of  the  state  legislature. 

Sec.  2.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  rep- 
resentation of  any  state  in  the  senate,  the 
executive  authority  of  such  state  shall  issue 
writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies:  pro- 
vided, that  the  legislature  of  any  state  may 
empower  the  executive  thereof  to  make  tem- 
porary appointment  until  the  people  fill  the 
vacancies  by  election  as  the  legislature  may 
direct. 

Sec.  3.  This  amendment  shall  not  be  so  con- 
strued as  to  affect  the  election  or  term  of  any 
senator  chosen  before  it  becomes  valid  as  part 
of  the  constitution.  (May  31.  1913.) 

XVm.  Section  1.  After  one  year  from  the 
ratification  of  this  article,  the  manufacture, 
sale  or  transportation  of  intoxicating-  liquors 
within,  the  importation  thereof  into,  or  the 
exportation  thereof  from  the  United  States  and 


374 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


all  territory  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof 
for  beverage  purposes  is  hereby  prohibited. 

Sec.  2.  The  congress  and  the  several  states 
shall  have  concurrent  power  to  enforce  this 
article  by  appropriate  legislation. 

Sec.  3.  This  article  shall  be  inoperative  un- 
less it  shall  have  been  ratified  as  an  amend- 


ment to  the  constitution  by  the  legislatures 
of  the  several  states,  as  provided  in  the  con- 
stitution, within  seven  years  from  the  date  of 
the  submission  hereof  to  the  states  by  con- 
gress. 

[The  foregoing-  article  was  ratified  Jan.  16. 
ly  ly  .J 


THE  AMERICAN  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


The  unanimous  declaration  of  the  thirteen 
United  States  of  America,  in  congress,  July  4, 
1776. 

When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  be- 
comes necessary  for  one  people  to  dissolve  the 
political  bands  which  have  connected  them 
•with  another,  and  to  assume  among  the  powers 
of  the  earth  the  separate  and  equal  station  to 
which  the  laws  of  nature  and  of  nature's  God 
entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions 
of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare 
the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separatior 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident:  Tha 
all  men  are  created  equal:  that  they  are  en 
dowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  inalienabl 
rights:  that  among  these  are  liie.  liberty  an 
the  pursuit  of  happiness.  That,  to  secure  these 
rights,  governments  are  instituted  among  men 
deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  consen 
of  the  governed:  that,  whenever  any  form  o 
government  becomes  destructive  of  these  ends 
it  is  the  right  of  the  people  to  alt.r  or  t 
abolish  it.  and  to  institute  a  new  government 
laying  its  foundation  on  such  principle:!,  anc 
organizing  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them 
shall  seem  most  likely  to  effect  their  safety 
and  happiness.  Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictau 
that  governments  long  established  should  no 
be  c.  anged  for  light  and  transient  causes 
and  accordingly  all  experience  hath  shown  tha 
mankind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer,  whili 
evils  are  sufferable.  than  to  right  themselve 
by  abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they  are 
accustomed.  But  when  a  long  train  of  abuse 
and  usurpations,  pursuing  invariably  the  same 
object,  evinces  a  design  to  reduce  them  undei 
absolute  despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it  is  thei 
duty,  to  throw  off  such  government  and  to  pro 
vide  new  guards  for  their  future  security 
Such  has  been  the  patient  suffering  of  these 
colonies,  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which 


constrains  them  to  alter  their  former  systems 
of    government.    The    history 
king  of  Great  Britnin  is  a  hi 
injuries  and  usurpations. 


of    the    present 
tory  of  repeated 


having  in   direcl 
of     an      absolute 


prove  this,  lei 

world, 
to  laws  the  most 
the  public  good. 


object     the     establishment 
tyranny  over  these  states.     To 
facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid 

He  has   refused   his   assent 
wholesome  and  necessary  for 

He  has  forbidden  his  governors  to  pass  laws 
of  immediate  and  pressing  importance,  unless 
suspended  in  their  operation  till  his  assent 
should  be  obtained,  and.  when  so  suspended, 
he  has  utterly  neglected  to  attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the 
accommodation  of  large  districts  of  people,  un- 
less those  people  would  relinquish  the  right  of 
representation  in  the  legislature— a  right  ines- 
timable to  them  and  formidable  to  tyrants 
only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies,  at 
Places  unusu?l.  uncomfortable  and  distant 
from  the  repository  of  their  public  records, 
for  the  sole  purpose  of  fatiguing  them  into 
compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  r-presentative  houses  re- 
peatedly for  onposing  with  manly  firmness  his 
invasions  on  the  rights  of  the  p<*opl« 
j-i  3s  re*U9ed  for  a  long  time  after  such 
dissolutions  to  crmse  others  to  be  elected: 
wh^r^y  .the  Tgislativ«  powers,  incapable  of 
annihilation,  have  returned  to  the  p^onle  at 
larg°  for  th"ir  exercise:  the  state  remaining, 
in  the  meantime,  exposed  to  all  the  dangers 
Of  Invasion  from  without  and  convulsions 
within. 

.He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  popula- 
tion of  these  states:  for  thnt  purpose  ob- 
structing th°  .laws  for  naturalization  of  for- 
eigners: refusing  to  pass  others  to  encourage 


their    migration    hither,    and    raising   the    con- 
ditions 01   new   appropriations  of   lands 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  'of  jus- 
tice by  refusing  his  assent  to  laws  for  estab- 
lishing his  judiciary  powers 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will 
alone  for  the  tenure  of  their  office"  and  The 
amount  and  payment  of  their  salaries 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new"'  offices 
and  sent  hither  swarms  of  officers  to  hara« 
our  people  and  eat  out  thei?  substance  ^ 

He  has  kept   among  us.   in  times  of    r>pa™> 
WUhOUt   the   «5BUr  of    our 


rJ^  kas  /ffected  to  render  the  military  inde- 
pendent of  and.  superior  to  the  civil  power 


°f 


For  protecting  them  by  a  mock  trial 
Punishment      for    any    mu-dera  i      which     th< 
should    commit    on    the    inhabitanTs    of    thew 

the0wo°riaVnfir  °fl  OUr  trade  ^ih  aU  parts  of 
nt0-1"  imposin8r  taxes  on  us  without  our  con- 

Cases  of  the  *»- 

seas  to  be 


law°sr  in  ao?ngf  ^ro^cT 
therein  an  arbitrary  government,  and  enlar? 
ing  its  boundaries  so  as  to  render  it  at  once 
an  example  and  fit  instrument  for  introducing 
the  same  absolute  rule  into  these  colonies- 

For  taking  away  our  charters  abolishing 
our  most  valuable  laws  and  altering  funda^ 
mentally  the  forms  of  our  governments- 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures  and  de- 
claring themselves  invested  with  power  to  leg- 
islate for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here  by  de- 
claring us  out  of  his  protection  and  wag-ing 
war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our 
coasts,  burnt  our  towns  and  destroyed  the 
lives  of  our  people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  armies 
of  foreign  mercenaries  to  complete  the  work 
of  death,  desolation  and  tyranny  already  be- 
gun. with  circumstances  of  cruelty  and  per- 
fidy scarcely  paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous 
ages  and  totally  unworthy  the  head  of  a 
civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow  citizens  taken 
captive  upon  the  high  seas  to  bear  arms 
3gainst  their  country,  to  become  the  execu- 
ioners  of  their  friends  and  brethren  or  to 
all  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrection  amongst 
s.  and  has  endeavored,  to  bring  on  the  in- 
labitants  of  o^.ir  frontiers  the  merciless  In- 
ian  sa-t-ag°s.  whose  known  rule  of  warfare  is 
n  urdi=ti-g"i-h'd  destruction  of  all  ages. 
exes  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions  we  have 
>etitioned  for  redress,  in  the  most  humble 
erms:  our  repeated  petitions  have  been  an- 
wered  only  by  repeated  injury.  A  prince 
/hose  character  is  thus  marked  by  every  act 
which  may  define  a  tyrant  is  unfit  to  be  the 
uler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attention  to 
ur  British  brethren.  We  have  warned  them. 
rom  time  to  time,  of  attfmnts  V>y  thHr  l^g. 
ture  to  extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


375 


over  us.  We  have  reminded  them  of  the  cir- 

New Hampshire: 

Benjamin    Rush. 

cumstances  of  our  emigration  and  settlement 

Josiah   Bartlett. 

Benjamin  Franklin. 

here.  We  have  appealed  to  their  native  jus- 

William   Whipple. 

John  Morton. 

tice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have  conjured 

Matthew  Thornton. 

George  Clymer. 

them  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kindred,  to 
disavow  these  usurpations,  which  would  in- 
evitably interrupt  our  connections  and  cor- 
respondence. Ihey,  too.  have  been  deaf  to 
the  voice  of  justice  and  consanguinity.  We 
must,  therefore,  acquiesce  in  the  necessity 
which  denounces  our  separation,  and  hold 
them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  enemies 
in  war:  in  peace,  friends. 

Massachusetts  Bay: 
Samuel  Adams. 
John    Adams; 
Robert  Treat  Paine. 
Elbridge  Gerry. 
Rhode  Island.   Etc.: 
Stephen  Hopkins. 
William    Ellery. 

James  Smith. 
George  Taylor. 
James  Wilson. 
George  Ross. 
Maryland: 
Samuel    Chase. 
William  Paca. 
Thomas    Stone. 

We.  therefore,  the  representatives  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  in  general  congress 

Connecticut  : 
Roger  Sherman. 

Charles    Carroll   of 
Carrollton. 

assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of 
the  World  for  the  rectitude  of  our  intentions. 

Samuel  Huntington. 
William   Williams. 

Virginia  : 
George  Wythe. 

do.  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the 
good  people  of  these  colonies,  solemnly  pub- 
lish and  declare  that  these  united  colonies  are. 
and  of  right  ought  to  be.  free  and  independent 
states:  that  th~y  are  absolved  from  all  alle- 
giance to  the  British  crown,  and  that  all  po- 
litical connection  between  them  and  the  state 

Oliver  Wolcott. 
New    York: 
William   Floyd. 
Philip    Livingston. 
Francis   Lewis. 
Lewis  Morris. 

§;hard  Henry  Lee. 
omas    Jefferson, 
njamin   Harrison, 
omas  Nelson.  Jr. 
ancis  Lightf  oot  Lee. 
Carter    Braxton. 
North   Carolina: 

of  Great  Britain  is.  and  ought  to  be.  totally 
dissolved:  and  that  as  free  and  independent 
states  they  have  full  power  to  levy  war.  con- 
clude peace,  contract  alliances,  establish  com- 
merce and  to  do  all  other  acts  and  things 
which  independent  states  may  of  right  do. 
And  for  the  support  of  this  declaration,  with  a 
firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Prov- 

New  Jersey  : 
Richard    Stockton. 
John    Witherspoon. 
Francis  Hopkinson. 
John    Hart. 
Abraham  Clark. 
Delaware:    ^ 
Ca3sar  Rodney. 

William   Hooper. 
Joseph    Hewes. 
John  Penn. 
South   Carolina: 
Edward  Rutledge. 
Thomas  Heyward.  Jr. 
Thomas  Lynch.   Jr. 
Arthur  Middleton. 

idence,  we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our 
lives,  our  fortunes  and  our  sacred  honor. 

George  Read. 
Thomas    McKean. 

Georgia  : 
Button    Gwinnett. 

The  foregoing  declaration  was,  by  order  of 

Pennsylvania  : 

Lyman    Hall. 

congress,  engrossed  and  signed  by  the  follow- 
ing members:  JOHN  HANCOCK. 

Robert  Morris. 

George  Walton. 

LEADING    ART    GALLERIES    OF    THE    WORLD. 

The    following    list  includes   only    the    principal  collections    of    paintings    and    sculptures    readily 
accessible  to  the  public  in  Europe  and  America. 


EUROPE. 
Austria-Hungary. 
Academy  of  Art,  Vienna. 
Albertina,    Vienna. 
Imperial    art    gallery,    Vienna. 
Liechtenstein   gallery,    Vienna. 
National  gaJery.   Budapest. 

Belgium. 

Museum,    Antwerp. 
Palace  of  Fine  Arts,  Brussels. 
Musee  Wiertz,   Brussels. 

Denmark. 
Thorvaldsen   museum,   Copen- 

Ny-lfarlsberg   Glyptothek,    Co- 
penhagen. 

National    art    gallery,    Copen- 
hagen. 

France. 

Louvre,*   Paris. 

Luxembourg,    Paria. 

Museum,    Versailles. 
Germany. 

National   gallery.    Berlin. 

Old   and  New   museums,    Ber- 
lin. 

Pergamon  museum,    Berlin. 

Emperor    Frederick    museum, 
Berhn. 

Dresden    gallery,*    Dresden. 

Old    and    New    Pmakothek,* 
Munich. 

Glyptothek,    Munich. 


Holland. 
Ryks  museum.  Amsterdam. 
Fodor   museum,    Amsterdam. 
Six    Collection,    Amsterdam. 
Townhall,    Haarlem. 
Lakenhal,    Leyden. 
Boymans*  museum,  Rotterdam. 
Mauritshuis,    The    Hague. 

Italy. 

Vatican.*    Rome. 
Uffizi  gallery.*    Florence. 
Pitti    gallery,*    Florence^ 
Drera   gallery,    Milan. 
Poldi    museum,    Milan. 
National   museum,    Naples. 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  Venice. 

Noncay. 
National  gallery.  Christiania. 

Russia. 
Hermitage,    Fetrograd. 

Spain. 

Museo  del    Prado.*    Madrid. 
Museo   Provincial.    Seville. 

Sweden. 
National  gallery,  Stockholm. 

United  Kingdom. 
British   museum,    London. 
National    gallery.*     London. 
Dore    gallery.    London. 
Walker  art  gallery,  Liverpool. 
Art    galleries.    Glasgow. 


AMERICA. 
Canada. 

Fraser  institute.    Montreal. 

The   Basilica,    Quebec. 
Mexico. 

National     museum.     City     of 
Mexico. 

United  States. 

Art  institute,   Chicago,    HI. 

Art  museum,  Cincinnati.  O. 

Art  museum.   Cleveland.  Ohio. 

Art  museum,  Worcester.  Mass. 

Carnegie  institute,  Pittsburgh. 
Pa. 

Corcoran  art  gallery,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

Layton    art    gallery,    Milwau- 
kee,  Wis. 

Lenox     collection,     public     li- 
brary.  New   York.   N.   Y. 

Metropolitas  Museum  of  Art.* 
New   York,    N.    Y. 

Museum    of   Art,   Toledo.    O. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts.  Boston, 

Museum    of    Fine    Arts,    St. 

Louis,    Mo. 
New   York    Historical   society, 

New   York,   N.    Y. 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine 

Arts.   Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*Of   first  rank. 


ALASKAN  SEAL 

From  the  1918  census  of  the  fur  seal  on 
the  Pribilof  islands.  Alaska,  it  appears  that 
the  herd  is  increasing.  In  1917  the  total 
number  of  animals  in  the  herd  was  468.692. 
while  in  1918  the  approximate  number  was 
496600.  In  1888  it  was  estimated  that  the 
number  of  seals  on  the  PribO of  islands  alone 
amounted  to  about  2.500.000.  The  killing  of 


HERD  CENSUS. 

seals  was  carried  on  at  such  rate  both  at 
sea  and  on  land  that  the  herd  decreased  so 
rapidly  as  to  threaten  its  extinction.  In  1911 
a  treaty  was  negotiated  between  the  United 
States,  Great  Britain  and  Russia  suspending 
pelagic  sealing  for  a  period  of  fifteen  years 
and  land  sealing  entirely  for  five  years  and  to 
a  limited  extent  for  nine  years  longer. 


376 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


WASHINGTON'S   FAREWELL    ADDRESS. 


Following  are  the  closing:  paragraphs  of 
Washington's  farewell  address  tc  the  people  of 
the  United  States  Sept.  17.  1796.  on  his  ap- 
proaching- retirement  from  the  presidency. 
They  relate  more  particularly  to  international 

"Observe  good  faith  and  justice  toward  all 
nations.  Cultivate  peace  and  harmony  with 
all  Religion  and  morality  enjoin  this  con- 
duct. And  can  it.be  that  good  policy  does  not 
equally  enjoin  it?  It  will  be  worthy  .of  a 
free  enlightened,  and  at  no  distant  period  .a 
treat  nation  to  give  to  mankind  the  magnani- 
mous and  too  novel  example  of  a  people 
always  guided  by  an  exalted  justice  and  benev- 
olence. Who  can  doubt  that  in  the  course  of 
time  and  things  the  fruits  of  such  a  plan 
would  richly  repay  any  temporary  advantages 
which  might  be  lost  by  a  steady  adherence  to 
it?  Can  it  be  that  Providence  has  not  con- 
nected the  permanent  felicity  of  a  nation  with 
its  virtue?  The  experiment,  at  least,  is  recom- 
mended by  every  sentiment  which  ennobles 
human  nature.  Alas!  is  it  rendered  impossi- 
ble by  its  vices? 

"In  the  execution  of  such  a  plan  nothing0  is 
more  essential  than  that  permanent,  inveterate 
antipathies  against  particular  nations  and  pas- 
sionate attachments  for  others  should  be  ex- 
cluded, and  that  in  place  of  them  just  and 
amicable  feelings  toward  all  should  be  culti- 
vated. The  nation  which  indulges  toward  an- 
other an  habitual  hatred  or  an  habitual  fond- 
ness is  in  some  degree  a  slave.  It  is  a  slave 
to  its  animosity  or  to  its  affection,  either  of 
which  is  sufficient  to  lead  it  astray  from  its 
duty  and  its  interest.  Antipathy  in  one  nation 
against  another  disposes  each  more  readily  to 
offer  insult  and  injury,  to  lay  hold  of  slight 
causes  of  umbrage,  and  to  be  haughty  and 
intractable  when  accidental  or  trifling  occa- 
sions of  dispute  occur. 

"Hence  frequent  collisions,  obstinate,  en- 
venomed and  bloody  contests.  The  nation 
prompted  by  ill  will  and  resentment  sometimes 
impels  to  war  the  government  centre  ry  to  the 
best  calculations  of  policy.  The  government 
sometimes  participates  in  the  national  propen- 
sity and  adopts  through  passion  what  reason 
would  reject.  At  other  times  it  makes  the 
animosity  of  the  nation  subservient  to  projects 
of  hostility,  instigated  by  pride,  ambition  and 
other  sinister  and  pernicious  motives  The 
peace  often,  sometimes  perhaps  the  liberty,  of 
nations  has  been  the  victim. 

"So.  likewise,  a  passionate  attachment  of 
one  nation  for  another  produces  a  variety  of 
evils.  Sympathy  for  the  favorite  nation, 
facilitating  the  illusion  of  an  imaginary  com- 
mon interest  in  cases  where  no  real  common 
interest  exists,  and  infusing  into  one  the 
enmities  of  the  other,  betrays  the  former  into 
a  participation  in  the  quarrels  and  wars  of 
the  latter  without  adequate  inducement  or 
justification.  It  leads  also  to  concessions  to 
the  favorite  nation  of  privileges  denied  to 
others,  which  is  apt  doubly  to  injure  the  na- 
tion making  the  concessions  by  unnecessarily 
parting  with  what  ought  to  have  been  re- 
tained, and  by  exciting  jealousy,  ill  will,  and 
a  disposition  to  retaliate  in  the  parties  from 
whom  equal  privileges  are  withheld:  and  it 
gives  to  ambitious,  corrupted  or  deluded  citi- 
zens (who  devote  themselves  to  the  favorite 
nation)  facility  to  betray  or  sacrifice  the  in- 
terests of  their  own  country  without  odium, 
sometimes  even  with  popularity,  gilding  with 
the  appearances  of  a  virtuous  sense  of  obli- 
gation, a  commendable  deference  for  public 
opinion,  or  a  laudable  zeal  for  public  good, 
the  base  or  foolish  compliances  of  ambition, 
corruption  or  infatuation. 

"As  avenues  to  foreign  influence  in  innu- 
fierable  ways,  such  attachments  are  particu- 


larly alarming:  to  the  truly  enlightened  and  in- 
dependent patriot.  How  many  opportunities  do 
they  afford  to  tamper  with  domestic  factions, 
to  practice  the  arts  of  seduction,  to  mislead 
public  opinion,  to  influence  or  awe  the  public 
councils !  Such  an  attachment  of  a  small  or 
weak  toward  a  great  and  powerful  nation 
dooms  the  former  to  be  the  satellite  of  the 
latter.  Against  the  insidious  wiles  of  for- 
eign influence  (I  conjure  you  to  believe  me, 
fellow  citizens)  the  jealousy  of  a  free  people 
ought  to  be  constantly  awake,  since  history 
and  experience  prove  that  foreign  influence  is 
one  of  the  most  baneful  foes  of  republican 
government.  But  that  jealousy,  to  be  useful 
must  be  impartial,  else  it  becomes  the  instru- 
ment of  the  very  influence  to  be  avoided,  in- 
stead of  a  defense  against  it.  Excessive  par- 
tiality for  one  foreign  nation  and  excessive  dis- 
like of  another  cause  those  whom  they  actu- 
ate to  see  danger  only  on  one  side,  and  serve 
to  veil  and  even  second  the  arts  of  influence 
on  the  other.  Real  patriots  who  may  resist 
the  intng-ues  of  the  favorite  are  liable  to  be- 
come suspected  and  odious,  while  its  tools  and 
dupes  usurp  the  applause  and  confidence  of  tha 
people  to  surrender  their  interests. 

"The  great  rule  of  conduct  for  us  in  regard 
to  fpreign  nations  is  in  extending  our  com- 
mercial relations  to  have  with  them  as  little 
political  connection  as  possible.  So  far  as  we 
have  already  formed  engagements  let  them  be 
fulfilled  with  perfect  good  faith.  Here  let  us 
stop. 

"Europe  has  a  set  of  primary  interests  which 
to  us  have  none  or  a  very  remote  relation. 
Hence  she  must  be  engaged  in  frequent  con- 
troversies, the  causes  of  which  are  essentially 
foreign  to  our  concerns.  Hence,  therefore,  it 
must  be  unwise  in  us  to  implicate  ourselves 
by  artificial  ties  in  the  ordinary  vicissitudes  of 
her  politics  or  the  ordinary  combinations  and 
collisions  of  her  frendships  or  enmities. 

"Our  detached  and  distant  situation  invites 
and  enables  us  to  pursue  a  different  course.  If 
we  remain  one  people,  under  an  efficient  gov- 
ernment, the  period  is  not  far  off  when  we 
may  defy  material  injury  from  external  an- 
noyance; when  we  may  take  such  an  attitude 
as  will  cause  the  neutrality  we  may  at  any 
time  resolve  upon  to  be  scrupulously  respected; 
when  belligerent  nations,  under  the  impossibil- 
ity of  making  acquisitions  upon  us,  will  not 
lightly  hazard  the  giving  us  provocation;  when 
we  may  choose  peace  or  war.  as  our  interest, 
guided  by  justice,  shall  counsel. 

"Why  forego  the  advantages  of  so  peculiar 
a  situation?  Why  quit  our  own  to  stand  upon 
foreign  ground?  Why,  by  interweaving  our 
destiny  with  that  of  any  part  of  Europe,  en- 
tangle our  peace  and  prosperity  in  the  toils  of 
European  ambition,  rivalship.  interest,  humor 
or  caprice? 

"It  is  our  true  policy  to  steer  clear  of  perma- 
nent alliances  with  any  portion  of  the  f9reign 
world,  so  far,  I  mean,  as  we  are  now  at  liberty 
to  do  it:  for  let  me  not  be  understood  as 
capable  of  patronizing  infidelity  to  existing- 
engagements.  I  hold  the  maxim  no  less  ap- 
plicable to  public  than  to  private  affairs  that 
honesty  is  always  the  best  policy.  I  repeat, 
therefore,  let  those  engagements  be  observed 
in  their  genuine  sense.  But  in  my  opinion  it  is 
unnecessary  and  would  be  unwise  to  extend 
them. 

"Taking  care  always  to  keep  ourselves  by 
suitable  establishments  on  a  respectable  de- 
fensive posture,  we  may  safely  trust  to  tem- 
porary alliances  for  extraordinary  emergencies. 

"Harmony,  liberal  intercourse  with  all  na- 
tions are  recommended  by  policy,  humanity  and 
interest.  But  even  our  commercial  policy 
should  hold  an  equal  and  impartial  hand,  nei- 
ther seeking  nor  granting  exclusive  favors  or 
preferences;  consulting  the  natural  course  of 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


377 


thing's:  diffusing  and  diversifying  by  gentle 
means  the  streams  of  commerce,  but  forcing 
nothing;  establishing  with  powers  so  disposed. 
in  order  to  give  trade  a  stable  course,  to  de- 
fine the  rights  of  our  merchants,  and  to  enable 
the  government  to  support  them,  conventional 
rules  of  intercourse,  the  best  that  present  cir- 
cumstances and  mutual  opinion  will  permit, 
but  temporary  and  liable  to  be  from  time  to 
time  abandoned  or  varied  as  experience  and 
circumstances  shall  dictate:  constantly  keeping 
in  view  that  it  is  folly  in  one  nation  to  look 
for  disinterested  favors  from  another;  that  it 
must  pay  with  a  portion  of  its  independence 
for  whatever  it  may  accept  under  that  char- 
acter; that  by  such  acceptance  it  may  place 
itself  in  the  condition  of  having  given  equiva- 
lents  for  nominal  favors,  and  yet  of  being  re- 
proached with  ingratitude  for  not  giving  more. 
There  can  be  no  greater  error  than  to  expect 
or  calculate  upon  real  favors  from  nation  to 
nation.  It  is  an  illusion  which  experience 
must  cure,  which  a  just  pride  ought  to  dis- 
card. 

"In  offering  to  you.  my  countrymen,  these 
counsels  of  an  old  and  affectionate  friend.  I 
dare  not  hope  they  will  make  the  strong  and 
lasting  impression  I  could  wish — that  they  will 
control  the  usual  current  of  the  passions  or 
prevent  our  nation  from  running  the  course 
which  has  hitherto  marked  the  destiny  of  na- 
tions. But  if  I  may  even  flatter  myself  that 
they  may  be  productive  of  some  partial  bene- 
fit, some  occasional  good— that  they  may  now 
and  then  recur  to  moderate  the  fury  of  party 
spirit,  to  warn  against  the  mischiefs  of  for- 
eign intrigue,  to  guard  against  the  impostures 
of  pretended  patriotism — this  hope  will  be  a 
full  recompense  for  the  solicitude  for  your 
welfare  by  which  they  have  been  dictated. 

"How  far  in  the  discharge  of  my  official  du- 
ties I  have  been  guided  by  the  principles  which 
have  been  delineated  the  public  records  and 
other  evidences  of  my  conduct  must  witness  to 


you  and  to  the  world.  To  myself,  the  as- 
surance of  my  own  conscience  is  that  I  have 
at  least  believed  myself  to  be  guided  by  them. 

"In  relation  to  the  still  subsisting  war  in 
Europe  my  proclamation  of  the  22d  of  April. 
1793.  is  the  index  to  my  plan.  Sanctioned  by 
your  approving  voice  and  by  that  of  your  rep- 
resentatives in  both  houses  of  congress,  the 
spirit  of  that  measure  has  continually  gov- 
erned me,  uninfluenced  by  any  attempts  to 
deter  or  divert  me  from  it. 

"After  deliberate  examination,  with  the  aid 
of  the  best  lights  I  could  obtain.  I  was  well 
satisfied  that  our  country,  under  all  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  case,  had  a  right  to  take 
and  was  bound  in  duty  and  interest  to  take  a 
neutral  position.  Having  taken  it,  I  deter* 
mined  as  far  as  should  depend  upon  me  to 
maintain  it  with  moderation,  perseverance  and 
firmness. 

"The  considerations  which  respect  the  right 
to  hold  this  conduct  it  is  not  necessary  on 
this  occasion  to  detail.  I  will  only  OLserva 
that,  according  to  my  understanding  of  the 
matter,  that  right,  so  far  from  being  denied 
by  any  of  the  belligerent  powers,  has  been  vir- 
tually admitted  by  all. 

"The  duty  of  holding  a  neutral  conduct  may 
be  inferred,  without  anything  more,  from  the 
obligation  which  justice  and  humanity  impose- 
on  every  nation,  in  cases  in  which  it  is  free 
to  act.  to  maintain  inviolate  the  relations  of 
peace  and  amity  toward  other  nations. 

"The  inducements  of  interest  for  observing* 
that  conduct  will  best  be  referred  to  your  own 
reflections  and  experience.  With  me  a  pre- 
dominant motive  has  been  to  endeavor  to  gain 
time  to  our  country  to  settle  and  mature  its 
yet  recent  institutions,  and  to  progress  with- 
out interruption  to  that  degree  of  strength  and 
consistency  which  is  necessary  to  give  "it.  hu- 
manly speaking,  the  command  of  its  own 
fortunes." 


LINCOLN'S   GETTYSBURG  SPEECH. 


(Address  at  the  dedication  of  Gettysburg1 
cemetery.  Nov.  19.  1863.) 

Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers 
brought  forth  on  this  continent  a  new  na- 
tion, conceived  in  liberty  and  dedicated  to  the 
proposition  that  all  men  are  created  equal. 

Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war. 
testing  whether  that  nation,  or  any  nation  so 
conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can  long  endure. 
We  are  met  on  a  great  battle  field  of  that 
war.  We  have  come  to  dedicate  a  portion  of 
that  field  as  a  final  resting  place  of  those 
who  here  gave  their  lives  that  that  nation 
might  live.  It  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper 
that  we  should  do  this. 

But.  in  a  larger  sense,  we  cannot  dedicate — 
we  cannot  consecrate — we  cannot  hallow — this 
around.  The  brave  men.  living  and  dead. 


who  struggled  here  have  consecrated  it.  far 
above  our  poor  power  to  add  or  detract.  The 
world  will  little  note,  nor  loner  remember  what 
we  say  here,  but  it  can  never  forget  what 
they  did  here.  It  is  for  us  the  living,  rather, 
to  be  dedicated  here  to  the  unfinished  work 
which  they  who  fought  here  have  thus  far  so 
nobly  advanced.  It  is  rather  for  us  to  be 
here  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining 
before  us — that  from  these  honored  dead  we 
take  increased  devotion  to  that  cause  for  which 
they  gave  the  last  full  measure  of  devotion — 
that  we  here  highly  resolve  that  these  d.ead 
shall  not  have  died  in  v;.in — that  this  nation, 
under  God.  shall  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom 
—and  that  government  of  the  people,  by  the 
people,  for  the  people  shall  not  perish  from 
the  earth. 


THE  INFLUENZA  EPIDEMIC  OF  1918. 


In  an  article  published  Aug.  8.  1919,  on 
certain  general  statistical  aspects  of  the  1918 
epidemic  of  influenza,  Raymond  Pearl,  profes- 
sor of  biometry  and  vital  statistics  at  the 
Johns  Hopkins  university,  says:  "The pandemic 
of  influenza  which  swept  over  the  world  in 
1918  was  the  most  severe  outbreak  of  this 
disease  which  has  ever  been  known  and  it 
takes  an  unpleasantly  high  rank  in  the  roster 
of  epidemics  generally.  It  is  certainly  impos- 
sible now  and  perhaps  always  will  be  to  make 
any  precise  statement  of  the  number  of  people 
who  lost  their  lives  because  of  this  epidemic. 
But  it  is  certain  that  the  total  is  an  appalling 
one.  Undoubtedly  a  great  many  more  people 
died  from  this  cause  than  from  all  causes  di- 
rectly connected  with  the  military  operations 
of  the  great  war.  In  the  United  States  alone 


conservative  estimates  place  the  deaths  from 
the  influenza  epidemic  at  not  less  than  550, 000. 
which  is  approximately  five  times  the  number 
(111.179)  of  Americans  officially  stated 
(April  30.  1919)  to  have  lost  their  lives  from 
all  causes  in  the  war.  And  the  end  of  the 
epidemic  is  by  no  means  yet  reached.  In 
England  and  Wales  the  curve  of  mortality  from 
influenza  was  even  in  1907.  seventeen  years 
after  the  epidemic  of  1890.  higher  than  it 
was  in  any  of  the  forty  years  preceding  1890. 
The  decline  in  the  mortality  rate  after  the 
1848  epidemic  in  Great  Bntain  was  similarly 
slow.  There  is  no  evident  reason  to  suppose 
that  the  conditions  following  the  first  explo- 
sion of  the  present  epidemic  will  be  essen- 
tially different  from  those  which  obtained  in 
the  earlier  cases." 


378. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


PRESIDENT'S      MESSAGE      TO 

May  20.   1919. 


CONGRESS. 


Owing  to  his  absence  in  Paris,  France,  as 
a  delegate  to  the  peace  conference  President 
Wilson  cabled  his  message  to  the  66th  con- 
gress, called  into  special  session  by  him.  It 
was  read  in  both  houses  on  May  20,  1919, 
and  was  as  follows: 

"Gentlemen    of   the   Congress: 

"I  deeply  regret  my  inability  to  be  present 
at  the  opening  of  the  extraordinary  session 
of  congress.  It  still  seems  to  be  my  duty  to 
take  part  in  the  councils  of  the  peace  con- 
ference and  contribute  what  I  can  to  the  so- 
lution of  the  innumerable  questions  to  whose 
settlement  it  has  had  to  address  itself.  For 
they  are  questions  which  affect  the  peace  of 
the  whole  world  and  from  them,  therefore, 
the  United  States  cannot  stand  apart. 

"I  deemed  it  my  duty  to  call  the  congress 
together  at  this  time  because  it  was  not  wise 
to  postpone  longer  the  provisions  which  must 
be  made  for  the  support  of  the  government. 
Many  of  the  appropriations  which  are  abso- 
lutely necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
frovernment  and  the  fulfillment  of  its  varied 
obligations  for  the  fiscal  year  1919-1920  have 
not  yet  been  made:  the  end  of  the  present 
fiscal  year  is  at  hand,  and  action  upon  these 
appropriations  can  no  longer  be  prudently 
delayed.  It  is  necessary,  therefore,  that  I 
should  immediately  call  your  attention  to  this 
critical  need.  It  is  hardly  necessary  for  me 
to  urge  that  it  may  receive  your  prompt  at- 
tention. 

TO    DISCUSS    TREATY    LATER. 

"I  shall  take  the  liberty  of  addressing-  you 
on  my  return  on  the  subjects  which  have 
most  engrossed  our  attention  and  the  atten- 
tion of  the  world  during  these  last  anxious 
months,  since  the  armistice  of  last  November 
was  signed,  the  international  settlements 
which  must  form  the  subject  matter  of  the 
present  treaties  of  peace  and  of  our  national 
action  in  the  immediate  future.  It  wou'.d  be 
premature  to  discuss  them  or  to  express  a 
judgment  about  them  before  they  are  brought 
to  their  complete  formulation  by  the  agree- 
ments which  are  now  being  sought  at  the 
table  of  the  conference.  I  shall  hope  to  lay 
them  before  you  in  their  many  aspects  so 
soon  as  arrangements  have  been  reached. 

"I  hesitate  to  venture  any  opinion  or  press 
any  recommendation  with  regard  to  domestic 
legislation  while  absent  from  the  United  States 
and  out  of  daily  touch  with  intimate  sources 
of  information  and  counsel.  I  am  conscious 
that  I  need,  after  so  long  an  absence  from 
Washington,  to  seek  the  advice  of  those  who 
have  remained  in  constant  contact  with  do- 
mestic problems  and  who  have  known  them 
close  at  hand  from  day  to  dsy:  and  I  trust 
that  it  will  very  soon  be  possible  for  me  to 
do  so.  But  there  are  several  qu°stions  press- 
ing for  consideration  to  which  I  feel  that  I 
may.  and  indeed  must,  even  now  di^ct  your 
attention,  if  in  only  general  terms.  In  sp°nk- 
ing  of  them  I  shall.  I  dare  sa.v.  be  doing  little 
more  than  speak  your  own  though* s.  I  hope 
that  I  shall  speak  your  own  judgment  also. 

LABOR  QUESTION  FIRST. 
"The  question  which  etands  at  the  front 
of  all  others  in  eve;-y  country  amidst  the 
present  great  awakening  is  the  question  of 
labor;  and  perhaps  I  can  speak  of  it  with  as 
great  advantage  while  engrossed  in  the  con- 
sideration of  interests  which  affect  all  conn- 
tries  alike  as  I  could  at  home  and  amidst  the 
interests  which  naturally  most  affect  my 
thought,  because  they  are  the  interests  of  our 
own  people. 

"By  the  question  of  labor  I  do  not  mean 
the  question  of  efficient  industrial  production, 
the  question  of  how  labor  is  to  be  obtained 
and  made  effective  in  the  great  process  of 


sustaining  populations  and  winning-  success 
amidst  commercial  and  industrial  rivalries  I 
mean  that  much  greater  and  more  vital  ques- 
tion.  How  are  men  and  women  who  do  the 
daily  labor  of  the  world  to  obtain  progressive 
improvement  in  the  conditions  of  their  labor 
to  be  made  happier  and  to  be  served  better- 
by  the  communities  and  the  industries  which 
their  labor  sustains  and  advances?  How  are 
they  to  be  given  their  right  advantages  as 
citizens  and  human  beings? 

"We  cannot  go  any  farther  in  our  present 
direction.  We  have  already  gone  too  far. 
We  cannot  live  our  right  life  as  a  nation  or 
achieve  our  proper  success  as  an  industrial 
community  if  capital  and  labor  are  to  continue 
to  be  antagonistic  instead  of  being  partners: 
if  they  are  to  continue  to  distrust  one  another 
and  contrive  how  they  cm  get  the  better  of 
one  another:  or.  what  perhaps  amounts  to 
the  same  thing,  calculate  by  what  form  and 
degree  of  coercion  they  can  manage  to 
extort  on  the  on3  hand  work  enough  to  make 
enterprise  profitable:  on  tha  other,  justice  and 
fair  treatment  enough,  to  make  life  tolerable 
That  bad  roa.d  has  turned  out  a  blind  all*"/. 
It  is  no  thoroughfare  to  real  prosperitv.  We 
must  find  another,  leading-  in  another  direction 
r.nd  to  a  very  different  destination.  It 
must  lead  not  merely  to  accommodation  but 
clso  to  a  genuine  co-operation  and  partner- 
ship based  v-son  a  rcrl  community  of  inter- 
est and  participation  in  control. 

"There  is  now.  in  fact,  a  real  comnvm'ty  of 
interest  between  capital  and  labor,  bvt  it  has 
never  been  made  evident  in  action.  It  c  n  be 
made  operative  and  manifest  only  in  a  new 
organization  of  industry.  The  genius  of  our 
business  men  and  the  sound,  practical  senso  of 
our  workers  can  certainly  work  such  a  partner- 
ship out  when  once  they  realize  exactly  what 
it  is  that  they  seek  and  sincerely  adopt  a 
common  purpose  with  regard  to  it. 

"Labor  legislation  lies,  of  course,  chiefly 
witk  the  states:  but  the  new  spirit  and  meth- 
od of  organization  which  must  be  effected  are 
not  to  be  brought  about  by  legislation  BO 
much  as  by  the  common  counsel  and  volun- 
tary co-operation  of  capitalist,  manager  and 
workman.  Legislation  can  go  only  a  v^ry 
little  way  in  commanding  what  shall  be  done. 
The  organizntion  of  industry  is  a  matter  of 
corporate  p.nd  individual  initiative  and  of 
practical  business  arr-ngem^nt.  Those  who 
really  desire  a  now  relationship  between  cap- 
ital and  labor  can  readily  find  a  wny  to  bring 
it  about  and  perhaps  federal  legislation  can 
help  more  than  state  legislation  could. 

"The  object  of  all  reform  in  this  essential 
matter  must  be  the  genuine  democratization  of 
industry,  based  x^pon  a  full  recognition  of  the 
right  of  those  who  work,  in  whatever  rank. 
to  participate  in  some  organic  way  in  every 
decision  which  directly  affects  their  welfare  or 
the  part  th~v  ?~e  to  play  in  industry.  Some 
positive  legislation  is  practicable. 

"The  coner^ss  h?>s  already  shown  the  way 
to  one  reform  which  should  be  worldwide,  by 
establishing  the  eirnt  hour  day  as  the  pt->nd- 
ard  day  in  every  fi~ld  of  labor  over  which  it 
can  exercise  control.  It  has  sought  to  find 
the  way  to  prevent  child  labor  and  will.  I  hope 
?nd  believe,  presently  find  it.  It  has  served 
the  whole  country  by  leading-  the  way  in 
developing  the  means  of  preserving1  and  safe- 
guarding life  and  health  in  dane-erous  indus- 
tries. It  can  now  help  in  the  difficult  task  of 
giving  a  new  form  and  spirit  to  industrial 
organization  by  co-ordinating  the  several 
agencies  of  conciliation  and  pdinstment  which 
hnve  been  brought  into  existence  by  the 
difficulties  and  mistaken  policies  of  the  present 
management  of  indrst**v  and  by  settiner  up 
and  developing  new  federal  agencies  of  advice 
and  information  which  may  serve  as  a  clearing 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


379 


house  for  the  best  experiments  and  the  best 
thought  on  this  great  matter,  upon  which 
every  thinking  man  must  be  aware  that  the 
future  development  of  society  directly  depends. 

"Agencies  of  international  counsel  and  sug- 
gestion are  presently  to  be  created  in  con- 
nection with  the  league  of  nations  in  this 
very  field;  but  it  is  national  action  and  the 
enlightened  policy  of  individuals,  corpora- 
tions and  societies  within  each  nation  that 
must  bring  about  the  actual  reforms.  The 
members  of  the  committees  on  labor  in  the 
two  houses  will  hardly  need  suggestion  from 
me  as  to  what  means  they  shall  seek  to 
make  the  federal  government  the  agent  of 
the  whole  nation  in  pointing  out  and.  if  need 
be,  guiding  the  process  of  reorganization  and 
reform. 

SOLDIERS  MUST   BE  ASSISTED. 

"I  am  sure  that  it  is  not  necessary  for  me 
to  remind  you  that  there  is  one  immediate 
and  very  practical  question  of  labor  that  we 
should  meet  in  the  most  liberal  spirit.  We 
must  see  to  it  that  our  returning  soldiers  are 
assisted  in  every  practicable  way  to  find  the 
places  for  which  they  are  fitted  in  the  daily 
work  of  the  country.  This  can  be  done  by 
developing  and  maintaining  upon  an  adequate 
scale  the  admirable  organization  created  by 
the  department  of  labor  for  placing  men  seek- 
ing work:  and  it  can  also  be  done,  in  at  least 
one  very  great  field,  by  creating  new  opportu- 
nities for  individual  enterprise. 

"The  secretary  of  the  interior  has  pointed 
out  the  way  by  which  returning  soldiers  may 
be  helped  to  find  and  take  up  land  in  the 
hitherto  undeveloped  regions  of  the  country 
which  the  federal  government  has  prepared 
or  can  readily  prepare  for  cultivation  and  for 
many  of  the  cutover  or  neglected  areas  which 
lie  within  the  limits  of  the  older  states;  and 
I  once  more  take  the  liberty  of  recommending 
very  urgently  that  his  plans  shall  receive  the 
immediate  and  substantial  support  of  the  con- 


MUST   REBUILD  TRADE. 

"Peculiar  and  very  stimulating  conditions 
await  our  commerce  and  industrial  enterprise 
in  the  immediate  future.  Unusual  opportuni- 
ties will  presently  present  themselves  to  our 
merchants  and  producers  in  foreign  markets 
and  large  fields  for  profitable  investment  will 
be  opened  to  our  free  capital.  But  it  is  not 
only  of  that  that  I  am  thinking;  it  is  not 
chiefly  of  that  that  I  am  thinking.  Many 
great  industries  prostrated  by  the  war  wait 
to  be  rehabilitated  in  many  parts  of  the 
%vorld.  where  what  will  be  lacking  is  not 
brains  or  willing  hands  or  organizing-  capacity 
or  experienced  skill,  but  machinery  and  raw 
materials  and  capiial. 

"I  believe  that  our  business  men,  our  mer- 
chants, our  manufacturers  and  our  capitalists 
will  have  the  vision  to  see  that  prosperity  in 
one  part  of  the  world  ministers  to  prosperity 
everywhere;  that  there  is  in  a  very  true  sense 
a  solidarity  of  interest  throughout  the  world 
of  enterprise  and  that  our  dealings  with  the 
countries  that  have  need  of  our  products  and 
our  money  will  teach  them  to  deem  us  more 
than  ever  friends  whose  necessities  we  seek 
in  the  right  way  to  serve. 

"Our  new  merchant  ships,  which  have  in 
some  quarters  been  feared  as  destructive 
rivals,  may  prove  helpful  rivals,  rather,  and 
common  servants,  very  much  needed  and  very 
welcome.  Our  great  shipyards,  new  and  old, 
will  be  so  opened  to  the  use  of  the  world  that 
they  will  prove  immensely  serviceable  to  every 
maritime  people  in  restoring  much  more  rap- 
idly than  would  otherwise  have  been  possible 
the  tonnage  wantonly  destroyed  in  the  war. 
I  have  only  to  suggest  that  there  are  many 
points  at  which  we  can  facilitate  American 
enterprise  in  foreign  trade  by  opportune  legis- 
lation and  make  it  easy  for  American  mer- 


chants to  go  where  they  will  be  welcomed 
as  friends  rather  than  as  dreaded  antagonists. 
America  has  a  great  and  honorable  service  to 
perform  in  bringing  the  commercial  and  in- 
dustrial undertakings  of  the  world  back  to 
their  old  scope  and  swing  again,  and  putting 
a  solid  structure  of  credit  under  them.  All 
our  legislation  should  be  friendly  to  such 
plans  and  purposes. 

URGES    TAX    RECONSIDERATION. 

"And  credit  and  enterprise  alike  will  be 
quickened  by  timely  and  helpful  legislation 
with  regard  to  taxation.  I  hope  that  the  con- 
gress will  find  it  possible  to  undertake  an 
early  reconsideration  of  federal  taxes  in  order 
to  make  our  system  of  taxation  more  simple 
and  easy  of  administration  and  the  taxes 
themselves  as  little  burdensome  as  they  can 
be  made  and  yet  suffice  to  support  the  grov- 
ernment  and  meet  all  its  obligations.  The  fig- 
ures to  which  those  obligations  have  arisen 
are  very  great,  indeed,  but  they  are  not  so 
great  as  to  make  it  difficult  for  the  nation  to 
meet  them,  and  meet  them,  perhaps,  in  a 
single  generation,  by  taxes  which  will  neither 
crush  nor  discourage. 

"These  are  not  so  great  as  they  seem,  not  so 
great  as  the  immense  sums  we  have  had  to 
borrow,  added  to  the  immense  sums  we  have 
had  to  raise  by  taxation,  would  seem  to  in- 
dicate; for  a  very  large  proportion  of  those 
sums  was  raised  in  order  that  they  might 
be  loaned  to  the  governments  with  which  we 
were  associated  in  the  war.  and  those  loans 
will,  of  course,  constitute  assets,  not  liabili- 
ties, and  will  not  have  to  be  taken  care  of  by 
our  taxpayers. 

"The  main  thing1  we  shall  have  to  care  for 
is  that  our  taxation  shall  rest  as  lightly  as 
possible  on  the  productive  resources  of  the 
country,  that  its  rates  shall  be  stable,  and 
that  it  shall  be  constant  in  its  revenue  yield- 
ing nower.  We  have  found  the  main  sources 
from  which  it  must  be  drawn.  I  take  it  for 
granted  that  its  mainstays  will  henceforth  be 
the  income  tax,  the  excess  profits1  tax  and 
the  estate  tax.  All  these  can  so  be  adjusted  as 
to  yield  constant  and  adequate  returns  and 
yet  not  constitute  a  too  grievous  burden  on 
the  taxpayer. 

"A  revision  of  the  income  tax  has  already 
been  provided  for  by  the  act  of  1918,  but  I 
think  you  will  find  that  further  changes  can 
be  made  to  advantage  both  in  the  rates  of 
tax  and  the  method  of  its  collection.  The 
excess  profits  tax  need  not  long  be  maintained 
at  the  rates  which  were  necessary  while  the 
enormous  expenses  of  the  war  had  to  be  borne; 
but  it  should  be  made  the  basis  for  a  perma- 
nent system  which  will  reach  undue  profts 
without  discouraging-  the  enterprise  and  activ- 
ity of  our  business  men.  .  The  tax  on  inher- 
itances ought,  no  doubt,  to  be  reconsidered  in 
its  relation  to  the  fiscal  systems  of  the  several 
states,  but  it  certainly  ought  to  remain  a 
permanent  part  of  the  fiscal  system  of  the 
federal  government  also. 

"Many  of  the  minor  taxes  provided  for  in  the 
revenue  legislation  of  1917  and  1918.  though  no 
doubt  made  necessary  by  the  pressing  neces- 
sities of  the  war  time,  could  hardly  find 
sufficient  justification  under  the  easier  cir- 
cumstances of  peace  and  can  now  happily 
be  got  rid  of. 

"Among  these,  I  hope  you  will  agree,  are 
the  excises  upon  various  manufacturers  and 
the  taxes  upon  retail  sales.  They  are  un- 
equal in  the  incidence  on  different  industries 
and  on  different  individuals.  Their  collection 
is  difficult  and  expensive.  Those  which  are 
levied  upon  articles  sold  at  retail  are  largely 
evaded  by  the  readjustment  of  retail  prices. 
On  the  other  hand.  I  should  assume  that  it  is 
expedient  to  maintain  a  considerable  range  of 
indirect  taxes;  and  the  fact  that  alcoholic 
liquors  will  presently  no  longer  afford  a  source 


380 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


of  revenue  by  taxation  makes  it  the  more 
necessary  that  the  field  should  be  carefully 
restudied  in  order  that  equivalent  sources  of 
revenue  may  be  found,  which  it  will  be 
legitimate  and  not  burdensome  to  draw  upon. 
"But  you  have  at  hand  in  the  treasury 
department  many  experts  who  can  advise  you 
upon  the  matters  much  better  than  I  can.  I 
can  only  suggest  the  lines  of  a  permanent 
and  workable  system,  and  the  placing  of  the 
taxes  where  they  will  least  hamper  the  life 

°  "Therels^fortunately.  no  occasion  for  under- 
taking in  the  immediate  future  any.  general 
revision  of  our  system  of  import  duties.  No 
serious  danger  of  foreign  .  competition  now 
threatens  American  industries.  Our  country 
has  emerged  from  the  war  less  disturbed  and 
less  weakened  than  any  of  the  European  coun- 
tries which  are  our  competitors  in  manufa( 
ture.  Their  industrial  establishments  have 
been  subjected  to  greater  strain  than  ours, 
their  labor  force  to  a  more  serious  disorgani- 
zation and  this  is  clearly  not  the  time  to  seek 
an  organized  advantage.  The  work  of  mere 
reconstruction  will.  I  am  afraid,  tax  the 
capacity  and  the  resources  of  their  people  for 

y^So  farC°from  there  being  any  danger  or 
need  of  accentuated  foreign  competition,  it 
is  likely  that  the  conditions  of  the  next  few 
years  will  greatly  facilitate  the  marketing 
of  American  manufactures  abroad.  Least  of 
all  should  we  depart  from  the  policy  adopted 
fn  the  tariff  act  of  1913  of  permitting  the 
See entry into  the  United  States  of  the  raw 
materials  needed*  to  supplement  and  enrich  our 
own  abundant  supplies. 

TARIFF  CHANGES  NEEDED. 

"Nevertheless,  there  are  parts  of  .our  tariff 
system  which  need  prompt  attention..  The 
experiences  of  the  war  have  made  it  plain  that 
in  some  cases  too  great  reliance  on  foreign 
supply  is  dangerous,  and  that  in  determining 
certain  parts  of  our  tariff  policy.  Domestic 
considerations  must  be  borne  in  mind  which 
are  political  as  well  as  economic.  . 

"Among  the  industries  to  .  which  special 
consideration  could  be  given  is  that  of  the 
manufacture  of  dyestuffs  and  related  chemicals. 
Our  complete  dependence  upon  German  sup- 
plies before  the  war  made  the  interruption  of 
trade  a  cause  of  exceptional  economic  disturb- 
ance. The  close  relation  between  the  manufac- 
turer of  dyestuffs  on  the  one  hand,  and  of  ex- 
nlosives  and  poisonous  gases  on  the  other, 
moreover,  has  given  the  industry  an  excep- 
tional significance  and  value. 

'^Although  the  United  States  will  gladly  and 
nnhestitatingly  join  in  the  program  of  inter- 
national disarmament,  it  will,  nevertheless, 
i  policy  of  obvious  prudence  to  make 
certain  of  the  successful  maintenance  of  many 
Strong  and  well  equipped  chemical  plants. 
The  German  chemical  industry,  .  with  which 
wo  will  be  brought  into  competition,  was  and 
may  well  be  again,  a  thoroughly  knit  monoply 
capable  of  exercising  a  competition  of  a 
peculiarly  insidious  and  dangerous  kind. 

"The  United  States  should,  moreover,  have 
the  means  of  properly  protecting  itself  when- 
ever our  trade  is  discriminated  against  by 
foreign  nations,  in  order  that  we  may  be 
assured  of  that  equality  of  treatment  which 
we  hope  to  accord  and  to  promote  the  world 
over.  Our  tariff  laws  as  they  now  stand  pro- 
vide no  weapon  of  retaliation  in  case  other 
governments  should  enact  legislation  unequal 
in  its  bearing  on  our  products)  as  compared 
with  the  products  of  other  countries.  Though 
we  are  as  far  as  possible  from  desiring  to 
enter  upon  any  course  of  retaliation,  we  must 
frankly  face  the  fact  that  hostile  legislation 
by  other  nations  is  not  beyond  the  range  of 
ibility  and  that  it  may  have  to  be  met 

ha^'fortunately.  been  exhaus 


tively  investigated  by  the  United  States  tariff 
commission.  A  recent  report  of  that  commis- 
sion has  shown  very  clearly  that  we  lack 
and  that  we  ought  to  have  the  instruments 
necessary  for  the  assurance  of  equal  and 
eauable  treatment.  The  attention  of  the  con- 
gress has  been  called  to  this  matter  on  past 
occasions  and  the  past  measures  which  are 
now  recommended  by  the  tariff  commission 
are  substantially  the  same  that  have  been 
suggested  by  previous  administrations.  I  rec- 
ommend that  this  phase  of  the  tariff  question 
receive  _the  early  attention  of  the  congress. 

SPEAKS  FOR  SUFFRAGE. 
"Will  you  not  permit  me.  turning  from  these 
matters,  to  speak  once  more  and  very  earnestly 
of  the  proposed  amendment  to  the  constitution 
which  would  extend  the  suffrage  to  women  and 
which  passed  the  house  of  representatives  at 
the  last  session  of  the  congress? 

"It  seems  to  me  that  every  consideration  of 
justice  and  of  public  advantage  calls  for  the 
immediate  adoption  of  that  amendment  and  its 
submission  forthwith  to  the  legislatures  of 
the  several  states.  Throughout  all  the  world 
this  long  delayed  extension  of  the  suffrage  is 
looked  for;  in  the  United  States  longer,  I 
believe,  than  anywhere  else,  the  necessity  for 
it,  and  the  immense  advantages  of  it  to  the 
national  life,  have  been  urged  and  debated  by 
women  and  men  who  saw  the  need  for  it 
and  urged  the  policy  of  it  when  it  required 
steadfast  courage  to  be  so  much  beforehand 
with  the  common  conviction;  and  I.  for  one. 
covet  for  our  country  the  distinction  of  being1 
among  the  first  to  act  in  a  great  reform. 

WIRES    TO    BE    RETURNED    TO    OWNERS. 

"The  telegraph  and  telephone  lines  will,  of 
course,  be  returned  to  their  owners  so  soon 
as  the  retransfer  can  be  effected  without  ad- 
ministrative confusion;  so  soon,  that  is.  as 
the  change  can  be  made  with  least  possible 
inconvenience  to  the  public  and  to  the  own- 
ers themselves.  The  railroads  will  be  handed 
over  to  their  owners  at  the  end  of  the  calen- 
dar year;  if  I  were  in  immediate  contact  with 
the  administrative  questions  which  must  gov- 
ern the  retransfer  of  the  telegraph  and  tele- 
phone lines  I  could  name  the  exact  date  for 
their  return  also. 

"Until  I  am  in  direct  contact  with  the  prac- 
tical questions  involved  I  can  only  suggest 
that  in  the  case  of  the  telegraphs  and  tele- 
phones, as  in  the  case  of  the  railways,  it  is 
clearly  desirable  in  the  public  interest  that 
some  legislation  should  be  considered  which 
may  tend  to  make  of  these  indispensable  in- 
strumentalities of  our  modern  life  a  uniform 
and  co-ordinated  system  which  will  afford  those 
who  use  them  as  complete  and  certain  means 
of  communication  with  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try as  has  so  long  been  afforded  by  the  postal 
system  of  the  government  and  at  rates  as 
uniform  and  intelligible.  Expert  advice  is.  of 
course,  available  in  this  very  practical  matter 
and  the  public  interest  is  manifest. 

"Neither  the  telegraph  nor  the  telephone 
service  of  the  country  can  be  said  to  be  in 
any  sense  a  national  system.  There  are  many 
confusions  and  inconsistencies  of  rates.  The 
scientific  means  by  which  communication  by 
such  instrumentalities  can  be  rendered  more 
thorough  and  satisfactory  has  not  been  made 
full  use  of.  An  exhaustive  study  of  the  whole 
question  of  electrical  communication  and  of 
the  means  by  which  the  central  authority  of 
the  nation  can  be  used  to  unify  and  improve 
it,  if  undertaken  by  the  appropriate  commit- 
tees of  the  congress,  would  certainly  result, 
indirectly  even  if  not  directly,  in  a  great  pub- 
lic benefit. 

WOULD  LIFT  BEER  BAN. 

"The  demobilization  of  the  military  forcea 
of  the  country  has  progressed  to  such  a  point 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


381 


that  it  seems  to  me  entirely  safe  now  to  re- 
move the  ban  upon  the  manufacture  and  sale 
of  wines  and  beers,  but  I  am  advised  that 
without  further  legislation  I  have  not  the 
legal  authority  to  remove  the  present  restric- 
tions I  therefore  recommend  that  the  act 
approved  Nov.  21,  1918,  entitled,  'An  act  to 
enable  the  secretary  of  agriculture  to  carry 
out,  during-  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1919,  the  purposes  of  the  act  entitled.  "An  act 
to  provide  further  for  the  national  security 
and  defense  by  stimulating  agriculture  and 


facilitating-  the  distribution  of  agricultural 
products,"  and  for  other  purposes,'  be  amend- 
ed or  repealed  in  so  far  as  it  applies  to  wines 
and  beers. 

"I  sincerely  trust  that  I  shall  very  soon  be 
at  my  post  in  Washington  again  to  report 
upon  the  matters  which  made  my  presence  at 
the  peace  table  apparently  imperative  and 
to  put  myself  at  the  service  of  the  congress 
in  every  matter  of  administration  or  counsel 
that  may  seem  to  demand  executive  action  or 
advice.  WOODROW  WILSON." 


UNITED    STATES   CIVIL   SERVICE. 

Civil  service  act  approved  Jan.   16,   1883. 


Officers— Three  commissioners  are  appointed  by 
the  president  to  assist  him  in  classifying  the 
government  offices  and  positions,  formulating 
rules  and'  enforcing  the  law.  Their  office  is  in 
Washington,  D.  U.  The  chief  examiner  is  ap- 
pointed by  the  commissioners  to  secure  accuracy, 
uniformity  and  justice  in  the  proceedings  of  the 
examining  boards.  The  secretary  to  the  com- 
mission is  appointed  uy  the  president. 

General  Rules— The  fundamental  rules  govern- 
ing appointments  to  government  positions  are 
found  in  the  civil  service  act  itself.  Based  upon 
these  are  many  other  regulations  formulated  by 
the  commission  and  promulgated  by  the  president 
from  time  to  time  as  new  contingencies  arise. 
The  present  rules  were  approved  March  20,  1903. 
and  went  into  effect  April  15,  1903.  In  a  general 
way  they  require  that  there  must  be  free,  open 
examinations  of  applicants  for  positions  in  the 
public  service;  that  appointments  shall  be  made 
from  those  graded  highest  in  the  examinations; 
that  appointments  to  the  service  in  Washington 
shall  be  apportioned  among  the  states  and  terri- 
tories according  to  population;  that  there  shall 
be  a  period  (six  months)  of  probation  before  any 
absolute  appointment  is  made ;  that  no  person  in 
the  public  service  is  for  that  reason  obliged  to 
contribute  to  any  political  fund  or  is  subject  to 
dismissal  for  refusing  to  so  contribute;  that  no 
person  in  the  public  service  has  any  right  to  use 
his  official  authority  or  influence  to  coerce  the 
.political  action  of  any  person.  Applicants  for 
positions  shall  not  be  questioned  as  to  their 
political  or  religious  beliefs  and  no  discrimina- 
tion shall  be  exercised  against  or  in  favor  of  any 
applicant  or  employe  on  account  of  his  religion 
or  politics.  The  classified  civil  service  shall  in- 
clude all  officers  and  employes  in  the  executive 
civil  service  of  the  United  States  except  laborers 
and  persons  whose  appointments  are  subject  to 
confirmation  by  the  senate. 

Examinations— These  are  conducted  by  boards 
of  examiners  chosen  from  among  persons  in  gov- 
ernment employ  and  are  held  twice  a  year  in  all 
the  states  and  territories  at  convenient  places. 
In  Illinois,  for  example,  they  are  usually  held 
at  Cairo,  Chicago  and  Peoria.  The  dates  are  an- 
nounced through  the  newspapers  or  by  other 
means.  They  can  always  be  learned  by  applying 
to  the  commission  or  to  the  nearest  postoffice  or 
custom  house.  Those  who  desire  to  take  exami- 
nations are  advised  to  write  to  the  commission 
in  Washington  for  the  "Manual  of  Examina- 
tions,"  which  is  sent  free  to  all  applicants.  It 
is  revised  semiannually  to  Jan.  1  and  July  1. 
The  January  edition  contains  a  schedule  of  the 
spring  examinations  and  the  July  edition  con- 
tains a  schedule  of  the  fall  examinations.  Full 
information  is  given  as  to  the  methods  and  rules 
governing  examinations,  manner  of  making  appli 
cation,  qualifications  required,  regulations  for 
rating  examination  papers,  certification  for  and 
chances  of  appointment,  and  as  far  as  possible 
it  outlines  the  scope  of  the  different  subjects  of 
general  and  technical  examinations.  These  are 
practical  in  character  and  are  designed  to  te 
the  relative  capacity  and  fitness  to  discharge  the 
duties  to  be  performed.  It  is  necessary  to  obtain 
an  average  percentage  of  70  to  be  eligible  for 
appointment,  except  that  applicants  entitled  to 
preference  because  of  honorable  discharge  from 
the  military  or  naval  service  for  disability  re 


suiting  from  wounds  or  sickness  Incurred  in  the 


g 

btates;  who  is  not  within  the  age 
prescribed-  who  is  physically  disqualified  for  • 
service  which  he  seeks;  who  has  been  guiltv  of 
criminal  infamous,  dishonest  or  disgraceful  con- 
duct.; who  has  been  dismissed  from  the  public 
service  for  delinquency  and  misconduct  or  has 
failed  to  receive  absolute  appointment  after  pro- 
bation; who  is  addicted  to  the  habitual  use  of 
intoxicating  liquors  to  excess,  or  who  has  made 
ffmitl8te-  sta*emt?t  In  his  application.  The  age 
limitations  in  the  more  important  branches  of 
the  public  service  are:  PostoWe,  is  to  45  years- 
rural  letter  carriers,  17  to  55:  internal  revenue 
21  years  and  over;  railway  mail,  18  to  35-  liehtl 
house,  18  to  50;  life  saving,  18  to  45-  eene'ml  I  dl 
partmental  20  'and  over.  gThese  age  limiSions 
are  subject  to  change  by  the  commission  They 
do  not  apply  to  applicants  of  the  preferred  class. 
Applicants  for  the  position  of  railway  mail  clerk 
must  be  at  least  5  feet  6  inches  in  height  ex- 
clusive of  boots  or  shoes,  and  weigh  not  llss  than 
13o  pounds  in  ordinary  clothing  and  have  no 
physical  defects.  Applicants  for  certain  other 
positions  have  to  come  up  to  similar  physical  re- 

Method  of  Appointment-Whenever  a  vacancy 
exists  the  appointing  officer  makes  requisition 
upon  the  civil  service  commission  for  a  certiflca 
tion  of  names  to  fill  the  vacancy,  specifying  th 


V8C-an      the 


desired  and  the 


brv       Th*  -  e     an         e 

salary.  The  commission  thereupon  takes  from 
the  proper  register  of  eligibles  the  names  of 
three  persons  standing  highest  of  the  sex  rail  PY? 
for  and  certifies  them  to^  the  appointing  officer 
who  is  required  to  make  the  selection.  He  mar 
choose  any  one  of  the  three  names,  returning  the 
other  two  to  the  register  to  await  further  clrtifi- 
Tv,  6  J1™6  ?*,  examination  is  not  consid- 
as  the  highest  in  average  percentage  on  the 
register  must  le  certified  first  If  aftfr  a  pro 
bationary  period  of  six  months  the  name  of  the 
appointee  is  continued  on  the  roll  of  the  depart 


Removals—  No  person  can  be  removed  from  a 
competitive  position  except  for  such  cause  as  will 
?™mr  the  .efflciency  of  the  public  service  and 
for  reasons  given  in  writing.  No  examination  of 
witnesses  nor  any  trial  shall  be  required  except 
movaf  dlscretion  of  the  officer  making  the  re- 


n  ih,  the  dePartment  service  is 

usually  in  the  lowest  grades,  the  higher  erades 
being  generally  filled  hv  promotion  The  wn* 
entrance  grade  is  about  $900.  but  the  annlicant 
may  be  appointed  at  $840.  $760  or  even  $600 

EMPLOYES   IN  THE  FEDERAL  CIVIL 

SERVICE. 
June  30,    1917. 

In   Washington. 
White  house  .......  on 

State  department  ..........  37* 

Treasury  department 
War    department 


ar      eparmen  ................  455« 

Navy  department  ....................  '"     1*741 


382 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Postoffice  department 1.555 

Interior  department 5.147 

Department  of  justice 1.500 

Department  of  agriculture    5/-J51 

Department  of  commerce  and  labor....  3,176 

Interstate  commerce  commission 978 

Civil  service  commission 240 

Bureau  of  efficiency 

Smithsonian  institution 778 

State,  war  and  navy  department  bids..  258 

Panama  canal 135 

Government  printing;  office 4.593 

Federal  trade  commission 244 

Total 41.417 

Outside   Washington.  m 

Treasury  department- 
Janitor  service,   etc 6.441 

Mint  and  assay  service 908 

Subtreasury    service 400 

Public  health  service 3.618 

Coast  guard 54 

Customs  service 6.461 

Internal  revenue  service 4.927 

Miscellaneous 432 

War  department- 
Quartermaster's   corps 10.545 

Ordnance   department „   11.387 

Engineer  department 15.767 

Miscellaneous    , 3,305 


Navy  department- 
Trade  and  labor  positions 40,000 

Exclusive  of  trade  and  labor  positions  4,679 

Postoffice  department — 

Postoffice  service 187.982 

Fourth  class  postmasters 45.079 

Rural  carrier  service 43,339 

Railway  mail  service 21,191 

Interior  department- 
Land  service 1,311 

Pension  examining1  service 4,502 

Indian   service 7,665 

Reclamation  service 3,853 

Miscellaneous    969 

Department  of  justice   3.012 

Department  of  agriculture    15.018 

Departments  of  commerce  and  l^bor 204 

Ligrhthouse  service 6,655 

Immigration  service 1.919 

Steamboat  inspection  service 371 

Miscellaneous 2,068 

Interstate  commerce  commission 1.392 

Civil  service  commission 

Panama  canal  service 938 

Total   456.450 

Grand  total*  517,805 

*  Includes    19.938    unclassified    employes    of 
isthmian  canal  commission. 


ELECTORAL    VOTE    BY    STATES     (1904-1916). 


STATE. 

1916. 

1912. 

1908. 

1904. 

1916. 

1912. 

Taft,  R.  L- 

I  s 

«. 

1904. 

I- 

1 
I- 

_- 
5 
3 

if 

tf 
§-' 

pj 

«a 

a 

at 
?2 
CQ 

Roose- 
velt, R. 

Q 
L  * 

& 

STATE. 

a 
£- 

I 

I 

£~ 

Roose- 
velt. Prog. 

J 

g~ 

1 

&G 

39 

.ri 

s*i 

o"® 

«•* 

ri 

^ 

Alabama  

12 
g 

12 
H 

... 

... 

11 

... 

11 

3 

4 

T 

3 

3 
4 
12 

New  Hampshire 
New  Jersey 

4 

,1 

Arkansas    ...  . 

q 

q 

q 

9 

14 

14 

^ 

1^ 

California  

13 

(\ 

... 

2 
6 

11 

10 

"V 

10 

8 

j 

New  York 

45 

45 

12 

<s 

99 

39 

Connecticut  — 
Delaware  
Florida 

'fi 

7 
3 

7 

7 

North  Carolina- 
North  Dakota 

12 

T 

.... 

.... 

4 

12 

'i 

23 

12 

^ 

3 

*i 

5 
13 

Ohio          

» 

M 

a 

Georgia  
Idaho 

11 

4 

14 

4 

"i* 

13 

^ 

Oklahoma  

in 

10 

7 

5 

38 

<s 

5 
"J" 

4 

4 

Illinois  

29 
15 
13 

29 
15 
IS 
10 

1  1 
10 

'.'.'.'. 

.'.'.'. 

27 
IS 

1  1 

27 
15 
13 

.... 

Pennsylvania... 

38 

34 
| 

34 
4 

.... 

10 
11 

Iowa 

q 

q 

q 

9 

'ia' 

18 

Kansas  
Kentucky  
Louisiana 

... 

IJ 

'ij' 
q 

10 

'is' 

SouthDakota.... 
Tennessee  

5 

•fv 

5 

4 

'l-j' 

4 

Texas  

u 

20 

18 

Maine  
Maryland  
Massachusetts 
Michigan  
Minnesota  
Mississippi  
Missouri  

"8 

'j  j 

18 

6 

'is' 

15 
12 

6 
8 
18 

'id 

18 

B 

fi 

Utah 

4 

4 

g 

3 

.... 

2 

1  '5 

u 

ll 

7 

Vermont  

4 

4 

4 

4 

Virginia  
Washington  
West  Virginia.... 
Wisconsin 

12 
7 
1 

I 

12 

'$ 

3 

*Y 

"5' 

7 

12 

"5' 
7 

Li 

it 

It 

11 

'is 

'ij' 

1  1 
11 

'i,V 

'16' 

!? 

13 
8 

Wyoming  

8 

Montana  
Nebraska  

4 

8 

4 
8 

8 

8 

8 
8 

Total  

277 

i'.>4 

4  5 

83 

S 

ra 

1C.2 

SB 

140 

PARTY    LINES    IN    CONGRESS    SINCE    1881. 


Congress. 
47th 

Years. 
1881-1883 

Senate. 
Rep.Deia. 
37      38 
40      36 
42      34 
39      37 
39      37 
47      39 
33      44 
42      39 
46      34 
53      26 
56      29 
58      32 
58      32 

Ind 

1 

'2 
3 
5 
10 
11 
3 

f  H 
Rep.  I 
146 
194 

juse 
>em. 
138 
198 
204 
168 
159 
236 
220 
104 
134 
163 
153 
174 
136 

Ind. 
10 
1 

1 
4 

*8 
8 
7 
16 
9 
5 
2 

,  Senate.  „  House.  x 
Congress.         Years.  Rep.  Dem.  Iud.Rep.Dem.Ind. 
60th    1907-1909      61      31      ..      222      164      .. 

48th 

1883-1885 

61st    1909-1911      60      32       ..       219      172       .. 
62d    1911-1913      51      41       ..       162      228      *1 

49th 

1885-1887 

120 
153 
166 
88 
1?6 
246 
206 
185 
198 
206 
250 

50th 

IssT-ls^g 

63d    1913-1915      51      44      tl      127      290    J18 

51st    . 

..1889-1891 
1891-1893 

64th    1915-1917      39      56      tl      193      231      §8 
65th   1917-1919      42      53      tl      216      210      §9 

52d    . 

53d 

1893-1895 

66th  1919-1921      48      47      tl      237      191      §7 

54th    

1895-1897 

•Socialist.      tProgressive.     ^Includes    9   progres- 
sives,   7    progressive    republicans,     1    independent 
and  1  vacancy.     §  Includes  progressives,  socialists 
and   vacancies.     Figures  in  table  are   for  begin- 
ning of  each  congress. 

55th    
56th    
57th    
68th    .. 

..1897-1899 
..1899-1901 
..1901-1903 
..1903-1905 
..1905-1907 

59th    .. 

ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


(.opyrlght.  Underwood  i-  Cndenrood 

CARTER  GLASS. 
Secretary  Treasury. 
(Resig-ned  Nov.  17.) 


Copyrijht,  Harris  &  Ewing.  Washington 

A.  S.  BURLESON, 
Postmaster-General. 


Photo  by  American  Press  Association. 

DAVID  F.   HOUSTON. 
Secretary  of  Agriculture. 


Copyright,  Cllnedinit. 

EOBT.    LANSING, 
Secretary  of  State. 


Copyright.Harris  iEwinj.Washington 

WOODROW  WILSON, 
^ident. 


Copyright,  Harris  tEwing,  Washington. 

THOS.  R.  MARSHALL, 
Vice-President. 


Copyright,  Harris*  Ewing. 

W.  B.  WILSON, 
Secretary  of  Labor. 


Moffett  Photo,  Chicago. 

FRANKLIN  K.  LANE,         secretary  "oT'Co'Sierce. 
Secretary  of  the  Interior.       SeC(rReSned  Oct.  31.) 
THE   PRESIDENT   AND   HIS  CABINET. 


Photo  1  j  Am  Press  Ass*n. 

A.  M.  PALMER, 
Attorney-General. 


384 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


£fje  National  (KobernntEnt. 


EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

President—  Woodrow  Wilson   (N.  J.)  ....$75.000 

Secretary    to   the    President-Joseph   P. 
Tumulty   (N.  J.)  ...............  v;-"V';;      7>o0° 

Vice-President—Thomas      R.      Marshall 

I  TnH    1  ..................     iJC.UUU 


I  TnH    1 

Executive'  Clerk-Rudolph  Forster  (Va.)      6,00; 
Chief  Clerk—  T.  W.  Brahany   (Wis.)....     4,000 

DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE. 

Secretary-Robert  Lansing    (N.  Y.)     ..$12.000 
Under     Secretary-Frank     Lyon     Polk     ?  ^ 

Assistant*    Secretary-Wimam"Phimp4     ^  QQQ 

' 


Third  Assistant'Secretary-Breckinridge 


4.500 

! 


Acting  Chief  of  Consular  Bureau-Her- 

bert  C.  Hengstler  (O.)  ......  ..  ........  •• 

Acting  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Indexes  and 

Archives-David  A.  Salmon  (Conn.).. 
Chief  of  Bureau  of  Accounts  and  Dis- 

bursing  Clerk-Wm.  McNeir  (Mich.)  .  . 
Chief  of  Bureau  of  Rolls  and  Library— 

John  A.  Tonner    (O.)  ...............  •••• 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Appointments— 

Miles  M.  Shand   (N.  J.)  ................ 

Acting  Chief  of  Passport  Control— 

Richard  W.  Flournoy   (Md.).....  ...... 

Acting  Chief  of  Division  of  Latin-Amer- 

ican  Affairs-Jordan   Herbert   Stabler 

(Md  )  ...................... 

Chief  of  'Division  of  Far  Eastern  Affairs 

—John  Van  A.  MacMurray  (D.  C.).. 
Acting  Chief  of  Division  of  Western 

European  Affairs-Albert  B.  Ruddock 

(nu 


3.000 
2.500 
2,300 
2,100 
2.250 
3,000 

4.500 
4,500 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary-Carter  Glass    (Va.) ..$12.000 

Secretary  to  the  Secretary— Herbert  L. 


Russell  C.  Leffingwell   (N.  Y.)  ........ 

Jouett  Shouse  (Kas).....  ............... 

Albert  Rathbone   (N.  Y.)  ............  ... 

Assistant   to   the   Secretary—  George  R. 

PnolrsPV     CD      C)  .............. 

Chief  cferk-Paul  F"  Myers   (N.  J  )  .... 
Chief   of  Appointment  Division—  James 

E.  Harper   (S.  C.)  ............  ...  ......  •• 

Chief    of    Bookkeeping    and    Warrants 

Division—  Charles  H.   Miller    (Mass.). 
Chief     of     Public     Moneys     Division- 

Harry  P.  Huddleson   (Ind.)  ..  ........  ..  . 

Chief  of  Customs  Division—  George  W. 

Ashworth    (Md.)  ....................  ..... 

Chief  of  Division  of  Printing  and  Sta- 

tionery—  Frederick  F.  Weston  (Iowa)  . 
Chief  of  Loans  and  Currency  Division— 

William  S.  Broughton   (111.)  ........  ... 

Chief  of  Mail  and  Files  Division—  S.  M. 

Gaines    (Ky.)  ..............     ............. 

Chief    of    Secret    Service    Division—  W. 

Herman  Moran    (D.  C.)  ................ 

Supervising  Architect's  Office. 
Supervising  Architect—  J.  A.  Wetmore.  . 

Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing 
Director—  James  L.  Wilmeth   (Ark.).... 

Assistant  Director-J.  M.  Fisher  (Va.) 


5000 
5.000 
5.000 
5,000 
5,000 

5,OOU 

4,000 
3,000 
3,500 
3.000 
4.500 
2,500 
3,500 
2.500 
4,000 
6,000 

6.000 
3,500 


Coast  Guard.  Salary. 
Captain  Commandant — Col.   William   E. 

Reynolds    $5,000 

Assistant— Oliver  M.  Maxim   (Ind.) 2,500 

Register  of  the    Treasury. 

Register— H.  B.  Teehee    (Okla.) 4.000 

Assistant— James  W.  McCarter  (S.  D.) .  2,500 

Comptroller    of    Treasury. 

Comptroller— Walter  W.  Warwick   (O.)  .  6.000 

A ssistant— Charles  M.  Foree  (Ky.) 4,500 

Assistant    to    Comptroller — Wilmer    G. 

Platt   (Ind.)    4.000 

Attorney— Rudolph  H.  Golze  (Pa.) 4.000 

Auditors  for  Departments. 

Treasury — Samuel  Patterson    (Neb.) 4,000 

War— James  L.  Baity  (Mo.) 4.000 

Navy— Edward   L.   Luckow    (Wis.) 4,000 

Interior— David  C.  Reay    (W.  Va.) 4,000 

State  and  Other  Departments— Edward 

D.   Hearne    (Del.) 4.000 

Postoffice— Charles  A.  Kram  (Pa.) 5,000 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States. 

Treasurer— John  Burke   (N.  D.) 8,000 

Assistant  Treasurer— R.  G.  Hand  (Miss.)  3. GOO 

Deputy— F.  J.  F.  Thiel   ON.  Y.) 3,200 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency. 
Comptroller-John      Skelton     Williams 

(Va.)    *5,000 

Deputies— Thomas    P.    Kane     (D.     C.) 

and  Willis  J.  Fowler    (Ind.)   each....  3,500 

Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue. 

Commissioner  Daniel  C.  Roper  (S.  C.) .  10,000 

Assistant  to  Comm.— J.  H.  Callan  (D.  C.)  5.000 

Deputy— H.  M.  Gaylord    (Conn.) 5.000 

Deputy— James  Hagennan  (Mo.) 5.000 

Deputy— C.  B.  Hurrey   (D.  C.) 5.000 

Deputy— Jas.  M.  Baker  (S.  C.) 5.000 

Director  of  the  Mint. 

Director— Raymond  T.  Baker   (Nev.)...  5.000 

Public  Health  Service. 

Surgeon-General—Rupert  Blue    (S.  C.).  6,000 

'Federal  Farm  Loan  Bureau. 
Chairman  (ex  officio)— Carter  Glass  ( Va.) 
Commissioner    and    Executive   Officer — 

George  W.  Norris   (Pa.) 10.000 

Commissioner — Herbert  Quick  (W.  Va.)  10,000 

Commissioner— W.  S.  A.  Smith  (Iowa) .  10.000 

Commissioner— Charles  E.  Lobdell  (Va.)  10,000 

Secretary— William  W.  Flannagan 

Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance. 

Director— Col.  R.  G.  Cholmeley- Jones..  5,000 

Asst.— R.  W.  Emerson    (111.) 5.000 

Asst.— Leon  O.  Fisher   (N.  Y.) 10.000 

*As  a  member  of   the  federal  reserve  board 

the  comptroller  of   the  currency  gets  $7,000, 
making-  the  total   annual  salary  $12,000. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary— Newton  D.  Baker  (O.) $12,000 

The  Assistant  Secretary — Benedict  Cro- 
well   (O.)    5,000 

Assistant  and  Chief  Clerk— John  C.  Sco- 
fi°ld  4.000 

Chief  of  Staff— Gen.  Peyton  C.  March..   10,000 
The  Adjutant-General's  Office. 

The  Adjutant-General— Ma j. -Gen.  P.  C.  Harris. 

Chief  Clerk— A.  W.  Shunk. 

Inspector-General's  Department. 

Inspector-General— Maj.-Gen.    John    L.    Cham- 
berlain. 

Senior  Assistant— Brig.-Gen.  W.  T.  Wood. 

Chief  Clerk— John  D.  Parker. 

Judge-Advocate  General's  Office. 

Judge-Advocate    '  General — Maj.-Gen.      E.      H. 
Crowder. 

Assistant— Brig.-Gen.  E.  A.  Kreger. 

Chief  Clerk  and  Solicitor— F.  M.  Smith. 
Quartermaster's  Corps. 

Chief   of  Quartermaster's  Corps— Maj.-Gen.  H. 
L.  Rogers. 

Chief  Clerk— F.  M.  Cunley. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


385 


Medical  Department. 

Burgeon-General— Ma  j. -Sen.    Merritte     W.     Ire- 
Executive  Officer— Col.  M.  A.  Delaney. 
Chief   Clerk— John   J.   Pringle. 

Corps  of  Engineers. 

Chief   of  Engineers— Maj.-Gen.  Wm.  M.  Black. 
Chief  Clerk— P.  J.  Dempsey. 

Ordnance  Department. 

Chief  of  Ordnance— Maj.-Gen.  C.  C.  Williams. 
Chief  Clerk— Nathan  Hazen. 

Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs. 

Chief  of  Bureau— Col.  Charles  C.  Walcutt.  Jr. 
Chief  Clerk— L.  V.  Carmack. 

\   Signal  Office. 

Chief  Sigrnal  Officer— Maj.-Gen.  Geo.  O.  Squier. 
Executive  Officer— Col.  C.  R.  Darnall. 
Chief  Clerk— Herbert  S.  Flynn. 
Field  Artillery. 
Chief— Maj.-Gen.  W.  J.  Snow. 

Coast  Artillery. 
Chief— Maj.-Gen.  F.  W.  Coe. 
Chief  Clerk— Thomas  A.  O'Brien. 
Aircraft  Service. 
Director     of     Bureau  — Maj.-Gen.     Charles     T. 

Memoher. 
Executive  Officer— Col.  Milton  F.  Davis. 

Aircraft  Production. 
Director— Lieut.-Col.  J.  A.  Mars. 
Chief  Clerk— M.  W.  Perley. 

Chemical    Warfare   Service. 
Director— Maj.-Gen.  William  L,.  Sibert. 

Tank   Corps. 

Director— Col.  Ira  C.  Welborn. 
Militia   Bureau. 

Chief— Maj.-Gen.  Jesse  Mel.  Carter. 
Assistant— Col.  John  W.  Heavey. 
Chief  Clerk — W.  A.  Saunders. 

Provost  Marshal-General. 

Provost  Marshal-General— Maj.-Gen.  Enoch  H. 
Crowder. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT.          Salary. 

Secretary— Josephus    Daniels    (N.    C.).. $12,000 

Assistant  Secretary— Franklin  D.  Roose- 
velt  (N.  Y.) 5,000 

Private  Secretary  to  Secretary  of  Navy 
—Edward  E.  Britton. 

Chief  Clerk— 3\  S.  Curtis. 

General  Board. 

Admiral  W.  S.  Benson.  Rear-Admirals  E.  A. 
Anderson.  F.  F.  Fletcher.  A.  G.  Winterhalter, 
C.  J.  Badger.  Capt.  L.  A.  Cotton.  Lieut^nant- 
Commanders  H.  F.  Fingman.  F.  L.  Sandoz. 

Secretary— Capt.  H.  J.  Zieg-emeier. 

Chief  Clerk— E.  W.  Collamore. 

Office  of  Naval  Operations. 

Chief  of  Naval  Operations — Rear-Admiral  Rob- 
ert E.  Coontz. 

Assistant — Capt.  Volney  O.  Chase. 

Chief  Clerk— John  T.  Cuthbert.  * 

Office  of  Naval  Intelligence. 

Director — Rear-Admiral  A.  P.  Niblack. 

Assistant  Director— Commander  Edward  Mc- 
Cauley,  Jr. 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks. 

Chief— Rear-Admiral  C.  W.  Parks. 

Assistant  Chief— Capt.  R.  E.  Bakenhus. 

Chief  Clerk— William  M.  Smith. 

Bureau  of  Navigation. 

Chief — Rear-Admiral  T.  Washington. 

Aid— Lieutenant-Commander  W.  C.  Barker.  Jr. 

Assistant  to  Bureau — Commander  Thomas  J. 
Senn. 

Chief  Clerk— F.  L.  Ballpntine. 

JJiiflroorfirtf>ir.  Office. 

Hydmr^jpher— Cant.  Edward  Simpson. 

Clerk— H.  A.  Babcock. 


Naval  Observatory. 
Superintendent — Rear-Admiral     J.     A.     Hoogre- 

werff. 
Librarian — W.  D.   Horigan. 

Bureau  of  Ordnance. 
Thief — Rear-Admiral  Ralph  Earle. 
Assistant— Capt.  C.  C.  Bloch. 
Chief  Clerk— E.  S.  Brandt. 

Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair. 
Chief— Chief  Constructor  David   W.  Taylor. 
Assistant— Naval  Constructor  Robert  Stocker. 
Chief  Clerk — Michael  D.  Schaefer. 

Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering. 
^hief— Engineer  in  Chief  Robert  S.  Griffin. 
Chief  Clerk — Augustus  C.  Wrenn. 

Bureau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts. 
^hi^f— Paymaster-General  Samuel  McGowan. 
Assistant — Paymaster  Christian  J.  Peoples. 

Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 
Chief— Surgeon-General    William  C.  Braisted. 
Assistant  to  Bureau— Capt.  J.  A.  Murphy. 
Chief  Clerk— Dr.  W.  S.  Gibson. 

Naval  Medical  School. 
Medical  Director— E.  R.  Stitt. 

Naval  Disr>en?ary. 
Medical  Director— Rear-Admiral  C.  Grayson.       \ 

Office  of  the  Judge-Advocate  General. 
Judgre- Advocate    General— Rear-Admiral    G.    R. 

Clark. 
Assistant— Commander  F.  B.  Freyer. 

Nai-al  Retiring  Board. 
President— Rear-Admiral  H.  P.  Norton. 
Recorder — John  C.  Brennan. 

Board  of  Inspection  and  Survey  for  Ships. 
President — Rear-Admiral  George  W.  Kline 
Recorder— Lieutenant-Commander  L.  H.  Lacy. 

Headquarters  Marine  Corns. 
Commandant— Maj.-Gen.  George  Bamett. 
Assistant    to    Commandant — Brig.-Gen.    Charles 

G.  Long. 
Adjutant  and  Inspector — Brig.-Gen.  Charles  H. 

Lauchheimer. 
Quartermaster— Brig.-Gen.    Charles    L.    McCaw- 

l?y. 
Paymaster— Brig.-Gen.  George  Richards. 

Compensation  Board. 

Senior  Member — Rear- Admiral  W.  L.  Capps. 
Chief  Clerk— William  J.  Graham. 

DEPARTMENT   OF    COMMERCE. 

Salary. 

Secretary— (Vacancy)    $12.000 

Assistant      Secretary — E.      F.      Sweet 

(Mich.),    acting-   secretary 5,000 

Private    Secretary    to     the    Secretary — 

Victor  L.    Lowe    (D.    C.) 2,500 

Private  Secretary  to  the  Assistant  Sec- 
retary—Alfred E.  Wild.   Jr.    (D.  C.)..      2.100 
Chief  Clerk— E.  W.  Libbev    (D.  C.)....      3.000 
Disbursing  Clerk— C.   E.  Molster   (O.)..      3,000 
Chief  of  Appointment  Division — Clifford 

Hastings    (Wash) 2,500 

Chief  of  Division  of  Publications— T.  F. 

McKeon     (N.    Y) 2.500 

Chief  of  Division   of  Supplies— Francis 

M.    Shore    (O.) 2,100 

Bureau  of  Census. 

Director— Samuel  L.  Rogers    (N.  C)...      7,500 
Chief    Clerk— Thomas    J.    Fitzgerald 

(N.  Y.)     4,000 

"Rnreau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce. 
Director— Philip  B.  Kennedy    (N.  Y.)..      6.000 
First  Asst.  Director— Roy  S.  MacElwee 

(N.  Y.)    3.500 

Second    Asst.    Director— H  e  r  m  a  n    G. 

Brock    (Maes)'   3.000 

Bureau  of  Standards. 

Director — S.   W     Stratton    (Til) 6.000 

Editor— H.  D.   Hiibhard    (PI) 2.500 

Bureau   of  Fish  trie* 
Ccmmissioner—  Hugh  M.  Smith  (D.  C.) .      6.000 


386 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


Deputy    Commissioner — Dr.     H. 
Moor*  (Pa.)   

Bureau   of   Lighthouses. 
Commissioner— G.  R.  Putnam   (Iowa).. 
Deputy    Commissioner— J.     S.     Conway 

(Mont.)    

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 

Supt.— Ernest  Lester  Jones    (Va.) 

Assistant— Robert  L.  Fans    (Mo.) 

Bureau  of  Navigation. 
Commissioner— E.    T.    Chamberlain 


Frank  Salary. 
..   $3,500 


(N.    Y.) 

Deputy   'Commissioner— A. 
(Ws 


J.    T  y  r  e  r 


5,000 
4,000 

6.000 
4,000 

4,000 
2,750 

4,000 
~     3.000 

DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR. 

—  William  B    Wilson   (Pa.)  .  ...$12.000 

rela^Louis  F.  Post     (HI)..  5,000 

Chief  Clerk—  S.  J.  Gompers     (  N.  Y  .)  ,  ..  3,000 

Solicitor-John  WAbercrombie    (Ala).  5,000 

Disbursing  Clerk—  Geo.  W.  Love  (O.)  ..  3,000 
Private  Secretary  to  the  Secretary—  Ed- 

win  S.  McGraw   (Pa.)  .....  ......  ......  2,500 

Private   Secretary  to  Asst.   Secretary— 


Steamboat  Inspection  Service. 
Supervising-   Inspector-General  —  Georg-e 

Deputy  Supervising-  'inspector-General— 
D.  N.  Hoover,  Jr.   (D.  C.)..: 


Bureau  of  immigration. 
Commissioner  General  of  Immigration— 
A.  Caminetti   (Cal.)   .........  WiVA       ' 

Assistant  Commissioner  General—  Alfred 
Hampton  (S.  C.)  ................  :  ......     ,*,5OO 

Bureau  of  Naturalization. 
Commissioner  of  Naturalization—  Rich- 
ard  K.  Campbell   (Va.  )......  .....  .....      4,000 

Deputy    Commissioner    of     Naturaliza- 
tion—  Thomas  B.   Shoemaker    (Pa.)..     3,250 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Commissioner     of     Labor     Statistics— 
Royal  Meeker   (N.  J.)  ..................      5,000 

Chief   Statistician-Charles   E.   Baldwin 

(Iowa)    ..................................     3-000 

Children's  Bureau. 
Chief—  Julia  C.  Lathrop    (HI.)  .....  :....     5,000 

Assistant    Chief-Caroline    Fleming- 


'  United'siatesEmployment  service. 
Director-General—  J.B.Densmore  (Mont.)     5,000 
Assistant      Director-General—Wade      H. 
Skinner    (W.   Va.)    .....................     4,500 

Division  of  Conciliation. 
Director—  Hugh  L.  Kerwin  (Pa.)  ........      5,000 

Women's  Bureau. 
Director—  Mary  Anderson   (111.)    ........  .  5,000 

Industrial  Honsinp  and   Transportation 
Director—  L.  K.  Sherman    (111.)  .........      5,00' 

POSTOFFICE   DEPARTMENT. 

Postmaster-General  —  A.     S.     Burleson 

(Tex.)    ..........................     ......$13,000 

Chief  Clerk  and  Superintendent—  Ruskin 

MeArdle    (Tex.)    ..................  •••••      4,000 

Private  Secretary  to  Postmaster-Gen- 

eral—  Robert  E.  Cowart    (Tex.)  .......     2,500 

Assistant  Chief  Clerk—  T  h  o  m  a  s  J. 

Howell    (Mass.)    ..........  .............      2,000 

Solicitor  for  the  P.  O.  D.—  William  H. 

AsirTttorley-John  'AY  Nash"  (Pa.*)  '.  '.  2,750 
Purchasing  Agent—  J.  A.  Edgrerton 

(N.   J.)     .................  .  .....  .........      4,000 

Chief  Clerk  to  Purchasing-  Agent  — 

Thomas  L.  Degnan    (Pa.)  .............      2,000 

Chief  Inspector  —  Georg-e  M.  Sutton 

/jfo  )  ................      4,000 

Chief  Clerk!  'Division  Post  office  Inspec- 

tora-J.  Robert  Cox   (N.  C.)  ..........     2,000 


Appointment    Clerk — Robert.    S.    Regar  Salary. 

(Pa.)     $2,000 

Disbursing   Clerk— William    M.    Mooney 

(O.)    2,250 

Office  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 
First      Assistant      Postmaster-General— 

John  C.  Koons    (Md.) 5,000 

Chief  Clerk— John  W.  Johnston  (N.  Y.)      2,600 
Superintendent    Post  office    Service— 

Goodwin  D.  Ellsworh    (N.  C.) 4,000 

Assistant     Superintendent     Post  office 

Service — William  S.  Ryan    (N.  Y.)...      3,000> 
Superintendent     Division     Postmaster's 
Appointments— Charles      R.      Hodgres 

(Tex.)     3.00O 

Assistants    Division    Postmasters'    Ap- 
pointments—Simon E.  Sullivan  (Md.). 

Lorel  N.  Morgan    ( W.  Va. ) 2,000 

Superintendent    Divis;on    of   Dead   Let- 
ters—Marvin M.  McLean    (Tex.)....»     2.500 
Office   Second  Assistant   Postmaster-General. 
Second   Assistant    Postmaster-General — 

Otto  Praeger    (Tex.) 5,000 

Chief  Clerk— E.  Russell  White    (N.  C.)      2.600 
Superintendent    Railway   Adjustments — 

Jamas  B.  Cordon    (D.  C.) 

Assistant    Superintendent   Railway   Ad- 
justments—George H.  Grayson  (N.  C.) 
General    Superintendent    Railway    Mail 

Service— Wm.  I.  Denning-   ( Ga. ) 

Assistant   General  Superintendent  Rail- 
way  Mail    Service— George    F.    Stone 

(N.   Y.)    

Chief    Clerk    Railway    Mail    'Service- 
Chase  C.  Gove  ( Neb.) 

Superintendent    Foreign    Mails— Robert 

L.   Maddox    (Ky.) 3,000 

Assistant     Superintendent— Stewart     M. 

Weber    (Pa.)    2,000 

Office  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 
Third     Assistant     Postmaster-General— 

Alexander  M.  Dockery   (Mo.) 

Chief  Clerk— William  J.  Barrows  (Mo.) 
Superintendent  Money  Order  Division — 

Charles  E.  Matthews   (Okla.) 

Chief    Clerk    Money     Order    Division — 

Francis  H.  Rainey    (D.  C.) 

Superintendent  Registry  System— Leigh- 
ton  V.  B.  Marschalk   (Ky.) 2,500 

Superintendent    Division    of    Finance — 

William  E.  Buffing-ton    (Pa.) 2,250 

Superintendent     Divis:on     of    Stamps — 

William  C.  Fitch    (N.  Y.) 2.750 

Superintendent  Classification  Division — 

William  C.  Wood    (Kas.) 2,750 

Stamped   Envelope   Agent — William   W. 

Barre  (Neb.)    2.600 

Office  Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 
Fourth   Assistant    Postmaster-General — 

James  I.  Blakslee    (Pa.) 5,000 

Chief  Clerk— Lansing  M.  Dow   (N.  H.).      2,500 
Superintendent  Rural  Mails — George  L. 

Wood    (Md.)    

Chief     Clerk    Division     Rural     Mails- 
Walter  I.  Villepigue    (S.  C.) 

Superintendent     Equipment     and     Sup- 
plies—J.  King  Pickett    ( Ala. ) 

Chief    Clerk    Division    Equipment    and 
Supplies— Geo.  J.  Schoeneman  (R.  I.) 
Postal  Savings  System. 

Director— Carter  B.   Keene    (Me.) 4,800 

Assistant  Director— Charles  H.  Fullaway 

(Pa.)    3.000 

Office  of  Auditor  for  PostofHce  Department. 

Auditor— Charles  A.  Kram    (Pa.) 5,000 

Assistant  and  Chief  Clerk— T.  H.  Swee- 
ney   (Minn.)     

Law  Clerk— Faber  Stevenson    (O. ) 

Expert      Accountant — L.      M.      Bartlett 

(Mass.)     

Sunerintenrtent     Electrical     Accounting- 
System — Louis    Brehm    (HI.) 

Chiefs— Joshua  H.  Clark  (Md.).  Jas. 
R.  White  (D.  C.).  Jasper  N.  Baker 
(Kas.)  and  Ray  Grinstead,  (Mo.)...  2,250 


3,000 
2,260 
4.00Q 

3,500 
2,000 


5.000 
2,500 


2,750 
2,250 


3,000 
2,000 


2,750 
2,000 


3.000 
3,000 


3,000 
3,000 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


387 


DEPARTMENT   OF   JUSTICE. 

Attorney-General— A.    Mitchell    Palmer  Salary. 
(Pa.)    $12.000 

Secretary  to  Attorney-General— Robert 
T.  Scott  (Va.) 3.000 

Solicitor-General—Alex  C.  King-   (Ga.)..   10,000 

Assistant  to  the  Attorney-General — C. 
B.  Ames  (Okla.) 9.000 

Assistant  Attorney-General — Frank  K. 
Nebeker  (Utah)  7.500 

Assistant  Attorney-General — Frank  Da- 
vis. Jr.  (O.) 7.500 

Assistant    Attorney-General — Vacancy...      7,500 

Assistant  Attorney  -  General  —  LaRue 
Brown  (Mass.) 7,500 

Assistant  Attorney-General — William  L. 
Frierson  (Tenn.) 7,500 

Assistant  Attorney-General — Robert  P. 
Stewart  (S.  D.) 7,500 

Solicitor  for  Department  of  Interior- 
Charles  D.  Mahaffie  (Ore.) 5,000 

Solicitor  for  Department  of  State — 
Lester  Hood  Woolsey  (N.  Y.) 5,000 

Chief  Clerk  and  Superintendent  of 
Building:— Chae.  E.  Stewart  (Ala.)..  3.500 

Disbursing:  Clerk— J.  H.  Mackey   (Col.).      2.750 

Appointment  Clerk— C.B.Sornborger(Vt.)    2,000 

Attorney  in  Charg-e  of  Pardons— James 
A.  Finch  (N.  Y.) 3.000 

Solicitor  of  Treasury  (Treasury  De- 
partment)— Lawrence  Becker  (Ind.)..  5,000 

Assistant      Solicitor— Felix     A.     Reeve 

(Tenn.)   3.000 

Solicitor  (Department  of  Commerce)  — 
Albert  Lee  Thurman  (O.) \  5,000 

Solicitor  (Department  of  Labor)— John 
W.  Abercrombie  (Ala.) 5,000 

Assistant  Solicitor  (Department  of 
Commerce)— E.  T.  Quigley  (N.  Y.)..  3,000 

Solicitor  (Postoffice  Department)— Wil- 
liam H.  Lamar  (Md.) 5,000 

Solicitor  Internal  Revenue— Robert  N. 
Miller  (Ky.) 5.000 

Director.  Division  of  Investigation — 
William  J.  Flynn  (N.  Y.) 7,500 

Superintendent  of  Prisons  and  Prison- 
ers— Denver  S.  Dickerson  (Nev.) 4,000 

Chief  Division  of  Investigation — Frank 
Burke  (N.  Y.) 4.000 

Chief  of  Division  of  Accounts — Calvin 
Satterfield  (Pa.) 3.000 

DEPARTMENT    OF   AGRICULTURE. 

Secretary— David   F.   Houston    (Mo.)  ...$12.000 

Assistant  Secretary— James  R.  Riggs 

(Ind.)  5.000 

Assistant    Secretary— (Vacancy) 5,000 

Assistant  to  Secretary— Alonzo  E.  Tay- 
lor (Cal.) 2,750 

Assistant  to  Secretary— Floyd  R.  Harri- 
son (Va.) 3.600 

Chief  Clerk— Robert  M.  Reese    (D.  C.) .      3,500 

Private  Secretary  to  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture— Harrison  F.  Fitts  (N.Y.)  2,500 

Appointment  Clerk — P.  L.  Gladmon 

(D.  C.) 2,000 

Solicitor— William  M.  Williams   (Ala.) .      5,000 

Chief.  Forest  Service — Henry  S.  Graves 

(Conn.)  5,000 

Chief,  Weather  Bureau — Charles  F.  Mar- 
vin (O.) 5,000 

Chief,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry- 
John  R.  Mohler  (Pa.) 5,000 

Chief.  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry— Wil- 
liam A.  Taylor  (Mich.) 5,000 

Chief.  Bureau  of  Chemistry — Carl  L. 
Alsberg  (Mass.) 5.000 

Chief.  Bureau  of  Soils — M.  Whitney 

(Md.)  4.000 

Chief.  Bureau  of  Entomology — L.  O. 
Howard  (N.  Y.) 5.000 

Chief.  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey — E. 
W.  Nelson  (Ariz.) 4,000 

Chief.  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates— Leon 

ibrook  (Tex.) 4.000 


Salary, 

Chief.  Division  of  Accounts  and  Dis- 
bursements—A. Zappone  (D.  C.) $4.000 

Chief.  Division  of  Publications— Edwy 
B.Reid  (Mass.) 3,500 

Acting-  Chief.  Bureau  of  Markets- 
George  Livingston  (O.) 4.000 

Director,  States  Relations  Service— A. 
C.  True  (Conn.) 4,600 

Chief.  Bureau  of  Public  Roads— Thomas 
H.  MacDonald  (Iowa) 6,000 

INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary— Franklin  K.  Lane  (Cal.)  ...$12,000 
First  Assistant  Secretary— Alexander  T. 

Vogelsang   (Cal.) 5,000 

Assistant  Secretary— Selden  G.  Hopkins 

(Wyo.)    4,500 

Assistant    to    the    Secretary— John    W. 

Hallowell    (Mass.) 2  75O 

Chief  Clerk— Ezekiel  J.  Ayers  (N.  J.)..  4.000 
Administrative  Assistant  —  Joseph  J. 

Cotter    (D.  C.) 3,600 

Solicitor— Charles  D.  Mahaffie  (Ore.)...     5,000 

General  Land  Office. 

Commissioner— Clay  Tallman  (Nev.)...  5,000 
Assistant  Commissioner  —  Charles  M. 

Bruce    (Va.) 8.500 

Chief  Clerk— Frank  Bond  (Wyo.) 8.750 

Office  of  Indian  Affairs. 

Commissioner— Cato  Sells   (Tex.) 5,000 

Assistant    Commissioner  —  E.  B.  Meritt 

(Ark.)    3,500 

Chief  Clerk— Charles  F.  Hauke  (Wash.)     3.750 

Pension  Office. 

Commissioner— GaylordM.Saltzgaber(O.)  5  000 
Deputy  Com'r— Edward  C.  Tieman(Mo.)  3,600 
Chief  Clerk— Frank  D.  Byington  (Md.) .  2.500 
Medical  Referee— John  F.  Keenaa  (Md.)  3.000 

Patent  Office. 

C9mmissioner— James  T.  Newton  (Ga.)  5,000 
First  Assistant  Commissioner— Robert 

F.  Whitehead  (Va.) 4,500 

Assistant      Commissioner  —  Melvin      H. 

Coulston  (N.  Y.) 3,500 

Bureau  of  Education. 
Commissioner — Philander    P.    Claxton 

(Tenn.)     5000 

Chief  Clerk— James  F.  Abel   (Nev.)....     2^000 

Geological  Survey. 

Director— George  Otis  Smith  (Me.)....  6,000 
Chief  Clerk— Henry  C.  Rizer  (Kas.)...  2.500 

Reclamation  Service. 
Director  and  Chief  Engineer — Arthur  P. 

Davis    (Kas.) 7500 

Chief  Counsel— Will   R.   King    (Ore.)...      6000 

Chief  Clerk— Charles  H.  Fitch  (Ariz.)..     2,160 

Bureau  of  Mines. 

Director— Van  H.  Manning   (Miss.) 6.000 

Assistant  to  the  Director — Frederick  J. 

Bailey    (Vt.) 3,500 

Chief  Clerk— Harrison  E.  Meyer  (Utah)      2,600 
National  Park  Service. 

Director— Stephen  T.  Mather   (111.) 4.500 

Assistant  Director — Arno  B.  Cammerer 

(Wis.)     2,500 

Chief  Clerk— Frank  W.  Griffith  (N.  Y.)      2.000 

INTERSTATE  COMMERCE  COMMISSION. 

Chairman— Clyde  B.  Aitchison  (Ore.)  .. $10. 000 
Commissioner— Edgar  E.  Clark  (Iowa)  10.000 
Commissioner— Chas.  C.  McChord  (Ky.)  10,000 
Commissioner  —  Balthasar  H.  Meyer 

(Wis.)  10.000 

Commissioner— Henry  C.  Hall  (Col.)...  10.000 
Commissioner— W.  M.  Daniels  (N.  J.)  10.000 
Commissioner— Robert  W.  Woolley(Va.)  10.000 
Commissioner — Jos.  B.  Eastman  (Mass.)  10.000 
Secretary— George  B.  McGinty  (Ga.)...  5.000 
Asst.  Secretary— Alfred  Holmead  (D.C.)  3.600 
Chief  Clerk  and  Purchasing  Agent— W. 

M.  Lockwood  (D.  C.)...  ,  3.000 

Asst.  to  the  Secretary— T.A.Gmi*  <PaJ  2,640' 


388 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


GOVERNMENT    PRINTING   OFFICE. 

Public  Printer— Cornelius  Ford    (N.  J.)    $5,500 
Deputy  Public  Printer— D.  V.  Chisholm 

(g    c) 4,500 

Chief  Clerk— John  L.  Alverson    (Ky.)..      2.750 
Private     Secretary— Joseph     P.     O'Lone     ^  ^^ 

Superintendent'  of '  Work— T.'  F'.  Morgan 




Superintendent" 'of     Documents— J.     H. 

Brinker    (Miss.) 3,500 

Purchasing    Agent— Edward    S.    Moores 

(Wis.) 3,600 

UNITED  STATES  BUREAU  OF  EFFICIENCY. 

Chief— Herbert  D.  Brown. 
Senior  Accountant— Victor  G.  Croissant. 
Labor  Saving  Devicos— Wilson  E.  Wilmot. 
Efficiency  Ratings— William  H.  McReynolds. 
Chief  Clerk — Jane  Ash. 

FEDERAL  BOARD  FOR  VOCATIONAL 
EDUCATION. 

Chairman— The  secretary  of  agriculture. 
Vice-Chairman—James  P.  Munroe.  representing 

commercial     and      manufacturing     interests; 

term   expires   1021;    salary    $5.000.    . 
Calvin   F.   Mclntosh,    representing    agricultural 

interests;  term  expires  July  17,  1919;  sal- 
Arthur  E.  Holder,  representing1  labor;  term 

expires   1920;   salary   $5.000. 
Director— Charles  A.  Prosser. 
Secretary— E.  Joseph  Aronoff. 

The  secretaries  of  agriculture,  commerce  and 
labor  and  the  commissioner  of  education  are 
ex  officio  members. 

FEDERAL   TRADE   COMMISSION. 

Salary  of  members.  $10.000;  secretary.  $5.000. 
Commissioners-William    B.    Colver.    chairman; 

John    Franklin    Fort.     Victor    Murdock    snd 

Huston  Thompson. 
Secretary— J.  P.  Yoder. 
Assistant  Secretary— Warren  R.  Choate. 
Custodian— Charles  H.  Becker.                          . 
Chief  Division  of  Personnel— Luther  H.  Waring. 
Auditor— C.  G.  Duganne. 
Chief  Economist— Francis  Walker.  


UNITED    STATES    CIVIL    SERVICE 
COMMISSION. 

Commissioners — Martin      A.      Morrison 

(Ind.).  president   $5.000 


George  R.  Wales   (VtV). 

( Vacancy )  

Chief  Examiner — (Vrcancy)  

Secretary— John  T.  Doyle  (N.  Y.) 

ALIEN  PROPERTY  CUSTODIAN. 

Custodian — Francis  P.  Garyan. 
Managing  Director — Frederick  J.  Home. 
General  Counsel — Mansfield  Ferry. 


5.000 
5,000 

3.roo 

2;500 


UNITED    STATES   TARIFF    COMMISSION. 

Salary  of  members.   $7,500. 
Chairman — (Vacancy) . 
David  J.  Lewis.  Dem..  Md. 
William  Kent.  Ind..  Cal. 
Thomas  W.  Page.  Dom..  Va..  vice-chairman. 
E.  P.   Costigan,   Prog..   Col. 
W.  S.  Culberson,  Rep..  Kas. 
Secretary— John  F.  Bethune.  Va. 


FEDERAL   BOARD    OF   MEDIATION   AND 
CONCILIATION. 

Salary  of  commissioners.  $7.500;  assistant 
commissioner.  $5.000. 

Commissioner  of  Mediation — William  L.  Cham- 
bers. 

Assistant  Commissioner  of  Mediation — G.  W. 
W.  Hangar. 

Board  of  Mediation  and  Conciliation — Martin 
A.  Knapp.  chairman;  William  L.  Chambers. 
G.  W.  W.  Hangar.  s°cretary. 

Secretary — William  H.  Smith. 

Office — Southern  building.  Washington.  D.  C. 

BOARD  OF  INDIAN  COMMISSIONERS. 

Commissioners— George  Vaux.  Jr..  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  chairman;  Merrill  E.  Gates,  Washington, 
D.  C.;  Warren  K.  Moorehead.  Andover,  Mass.; 
Samuel  A.  Eliot,  Boston,  Mass.;  Frank 
Knox,  Manchester.  N.  H.;  William  H.  Ket- 
'cham,  Washington.  D.  C.;  Daniel  Smiley. 
Monk  Lake.  N.  Y.;  Isidore  D.  Dockweiler. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  Hugh  L.  Scott.  Prince- 
ton. N.  J. 

Secretary— Malcolm  McDowell.  Interior  Depart- 
ment. Washington,  D.  C. 


GOVERNMENT    RECEIPTS    AND  DISBURSEMENTS    BY    FISCAL    YEARS. 

1914.  1917.                      1918.                             1919. 

.B734673>1 66.71  $1.118.174.126    $4.174.010.586     $5.145.882.546.40 

..  700'.254,489.71  1.147,898.991       8.966.532266     14.935.848.739.63 


«  ,vr,,TO 

Ordinal      sbsements 


SX 


34.826.04.76 


—29.724.865 

6.150.669 

19,262.798 


t,  792, 521. 680  —9.789.966.193.22 

6.414.570  6.374.590.03 

20.787.625  13.195.522.37 


—6,820.932.34 

PiiMip"d£bt  receipts*...  23.021.222.50    t2.428.017.800  il  6. 974.889. 210  §29.355.787.355.08 

PuHic  debt  dis^%ements*      26.961.327.00        H677.544.782  **7.706.879.075     16.326.506.560.41 

E  disbur^enTeS  *(— )+  ? .        —3.940.104.50  +1.750.473.018  +9.268.010.135+13.029.280.794.67 
Special  disbursements  n.e.s tt918.880.315  m. 804.588. 004  §83.565.835.693.04 

^r^lll  disbursements  (  — )    — 1,348,369.26      +788.755.709     —343.472.504      —333,372.023.93 


*Issues  and  redemptions  ptf  certificates  and 
notes  not  affecting  the  o?.Rh  in  general  fund  are 
excluded  from  the  public  debt  figures  in  this 

tlncludes  $1.466.335.095.  sale  of  liberty  loan 
bonds:  $918,205.000.  sale  of  certificates  of  in- 
debtedness: and  $37.273  045.  bank  note  fund. 

tlncludes  $7.574.020.854.  liberty  loan  bonds; 
«9  017  648  5OO.  sale  of  certificates  of  indebted- 
ness: and  $352.769,265.  sale  of  war  savings 

Ce«I>icl"des'  $11  367.447.913.30.  liberty  loan 
bonds  and  victory  notes;  $17.182.244  390  sale 
of  certificates  of  indebtedness:  and  S783.177,- 
fiOFi  90  pale  of  war  savings  and  thrift  Ptamns. 
^Includes  $632,572,268  certificates  of  indebt- 


fund. 


redeemed   and   $40,564,115  bank  notes 


**Tnclndes  bonds,  interest  bearing  notes  and 
certificates  retired. 

ttlnclndes  $25.000.000.  payment  for  Wept 
Indian  islands:  $885.000.000.  purchase  of  obli- 


gations of 


governments;    and    $8.880,- 


315.  subscription  to  stock,  federal  land  banks. 

ttlncludes  $4.739.434.750.  purchase  of  o>>li- 
gations  of  foreign  governments:  and  $65,153,- 
254.  purchase  of  farm  loan  bonds. 

SSInclndes  $3.479.255.265.56.  purchasA  of 
obligations  of  foreign  povernments.  and  $86.- 
580.427.48.  purchase  of  farm  loan  bonds  and 
accrued  interest. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


389 


Cfje  jfa&eral  jfuUtdarg. 


SUPEEME  COURT. 

Salaries:    Chief     justice.     $15.000:     Justice*). 
814500:    clerk.    $6,000:    marshal.    $4.500:    re- 

Chief  Juslicf-Edward  D    White.  ^......'1910 

Associate  Justices—  Joseph  McKenna.  Cal.  .1898 
Oliver  W.  Holmes.  Massachusetts  ........  1902 

William  R.  Day.  Ohio  ......  ..  ............  1903 

Willis  Van  Devanter.  Wyoming  ...........  1910 

Mahlon  Pitney.  Naw  Jersey  .............  191-; 

James  C.  McReynolds.  Tennessee  .........  1914 

:::::  i  i 


r,n 

Reporter—  Ernest  Knaebel.   Colorado 
•Appointed  associate  justice,  1894. 

COURT    OF   CLAIMS. 

Salaries   of   judgres.    $7,500   each:   chief  jus- 

ChTef^uSe-Edward  K    Campbell.  Ala..  1913 
judges—  Fenton  W.  Booth.  Illinois  .........  1905 

Georire  E.  Downey..  Indiana  ...............  1915 

James  Hay.   Virginia  ....................  1916 

(One  vacancy.) 

COURT   OF  CUSTOMS  APPEALS. 

Acts  of  Aug.  5.  1909.  and  Feb.  25.  1910. 
Salaries:  Judges.   $8,500  each:  marshal.  $3,- 


.  M.  Montgomery.  Mich.1910 
Associate  Judges-James  F    Smith.  Cal...  1910 
Orion  M.  Barber.  Vermont.  ...............  1910 

Marion  De  Vries.  California  ......  .  ......  1910 

George  E.  Martin.  Ohio  .................  1911 

Marshal—  Frank  H.  Briggs,  Maine.....  .....1911 

Clerk—  A.  B.  Shelton.  Dist.  ol  Columbia.  .1910 

CIRCUIT   COURTS   OF   APPEALS. 

For    salaries    of    judges    see    supreme    court 
Justices,  circuit  court  judges  and  district  court 

Firs?SCircuit—  Judges  :  Mr.  Justice  Oliver  W. 
Holmes:  circuit  judges.  George  H.  Bingham, 
Charles  F.  Johnson.  Geo.  W.  Anderson:  dis- 
trict judges.  Clarence  Hale.  Arthur  L.  Brown, 
Edgar  Aldrich.  James  M.  Morton,  Jr. 

Second  Circuit—  Judges  :  Mr.  Justice  Louis  D. 
Brandeis:  circuit  judges.  Henry  G.  Ward. 
Henry  Wade  Rogers.  Charles  M.  Hough.  Mar- 
tin T.  Manton:  district  judges.  Julius  M. 
Mayer.  George  W.  Ray.  John  R.  Hazel.  Thom- 
as I.  Chatfleld.  Learned  Hand,  Edwin  S. 
Thomas.  Augustus  N.  Hand.  Harland  B. 
Howe.  John  Clark  Knox.  Edwin  L.  Garvin. 

Third  Circuit—  Judges  :  Mr.  Justice  Mahlon  Pit- 
ney: circuit  jvderes.  Victor  B.  Woolley,  Joseph 
Buffington.  Thomas  G.  Haight;  distnct 
judges.  J.  W.  Thompson.  John  Rellstab. 
Charles  P.  Orr.  Charles  B.  Witmer.  Oliver  B. 
Dickinson.  W.  H.  Seward  Thompson.  J.  War- 
ren Davis. 

Fourth  Circuit—  Judges:  Mr.  Chief  Justice  Ed- 
ward D.  White:  circuit  judges,  Jeter  C. 
Pritchard.  Charles  A.  Woods.  Martin  A. 
Knapp:  district  judges.  Benjamin  F.  Keller. 
Henry  G.  Connor.  James  E.  Boyd.  Edmund 
Waddill,  Jr.,  H.  Clny  McDowell.  Alston  G. 
Dayton,  John  C.  Rose.  Henry  A.  M.  Smith. 

Fifth  Circuit  —  Judges:  Mr.  Justice  James  C. 
McReynolds:  circuit  judges.  D.  A.  Pardee. 
Robert  Lynn  B?tts.  Richard  W.  Walker:  dis- 
trict judges.  W.  T.  Newman.  Edward  R. 
Meek.  William  I.  Grubb,  Rufus  E.  Foster, 
William  B.  Sheppard,  Gordon  Russell,  Rhy- 
don  M.  Call.  Henry  D.  Clayton.  Robert  T.  Er- 
vin.  DuVal  West.  W.  R.  Smith.  Beverly  D. 
Evans.  George  W.  Jack.  Joseph  C.  Hntche- 
aon.  Jr.,  Edwin  R.  Holmes.  James  C.  Wilson. 

Sixth  Circuit—  Judges:  Mr.  Justice  William  R. 
Day;  circuit  judges,  Arthur  C.  Denison.  Loyal 


E.    Knappen.    John   W.   Warrington:    district 
judges.  Walter  Evans.  A.  M.  J.  Cochran.  John 

E.  McCall.  John  E.  Sater.  Edward  T.  Saniord. 
Clarence  W.  Sessions.  J.  M.  Killits.  H.  C.  Hoi- 
lister.  Arthur  J.  Tuttle.  D.  C.  Westhaver. 

Seventh  Circuit-^  Judges :  Mr.  Justice  John  H. 
Clarke:  v  circuit  judges.  Francis  E.  Baker. 
Samuel  Alschuler.  Julian  W.  Mack.  Evan  A. 
Evans,  George  T.  Page;  district  judges.  Albert 
B.  Anderson.  K.  M.  Landis,  A.  L.  Sanborn, 
George  A.  Carpenter.  Ferdinand  A.  Geierer. 
George  W.  English,  Louis  FitzHenry. 

Eighth  Circuit — Judges:  Mr.  Justice  Willis  Van 
Devanter:  circuit  judges.  W.  H.  Sanborn.  Wil- 
liam C.  Hook,  Kimbrough  Stone.  Walter  I. 
Smith.  John  E.  Carland:  district  judges.  Page 
Morris.  Jacob  Triebor,  J.  A.  Riner.  Charles  F. 
Amidon.  Henry  T.  Reed.  J.  C.  Pollock.  D.  P. 
Dyer.  J.  H.  Cotteral,  Robert  E.  Lewis.  Wilbur 

F.  Booth.  A.  S.  Van  Valkenburgh,  Frank  A. 
Ypumans,  James  D.  Elliott.  Martin  J.  Wade. 
Tillman    D.     Johnson.    Thomas    C.    Mungrer. 
Joseph  W.  Woodrough.  Colin  Neblett.  R.  L. 
Williams. 

Ninth  Circuit—Judges:  Mr.  Justice  Joseph  Mc- 
Kenna: circuit  judges.  E.  M.  Ross.  William  B. 
Gilbert.  W.  W.  Morrow.  William  H.  Hunt: 
district  judges.  C.  E.  Wolverton.  William  C. 
Van  Fleet.  E.  S.  FaTington.  F.  S.  Dietrich.  R. 
S.  Bean,  E.  E.  Cushman.  Frank  H.  Rudkin. 
George  M.  Bourquin.  Jeremiah  Neterer.  Mau- 
rice T.  Dooling,  William  H.  Sawtelle.  Benja- 
min F.  Bledsoe,  Oscar  A.  Trippet. 

CIRCUIT  COURT  JUDGES. 

Salaries  of  circuit  judg-es.  $8,500  each. 

First  Judicial  Circuit — Districts  of  Maine.  New 
Hampshire.  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island.  Por- 
to Rico.  Circuit  judges.  George  H.  Bingham, 
Concord.  N.  H..  Juns  5.  1913:  Charles  F. 
Johnson,  Portland.  Me..  Oct.  1.  1917:  George 
W.  Anderson,  Boston.  Mass..  Oct.  24.  1918. 

Second  Judicial  Circuit — Districts  of  Vermont, 
Connecticut.  New  Yo-k.  Circuit  judges.  Henry 

G.  Ward.   New  York.  N.  Y..  Dec.   17.   1907: 
Henry  Wade  Rogers.  New  Haven.  Conn..  Sept. 
28.    1913:   Charles  M.   Hough.    1916:    Martin 
T.  Manton.  Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  March  18.  1918. 

Third  Judicial  Circuit— Dist' icts  of  New  Jer- 
sey, Pennsylvania.  Drliware.  Circuit  judges. 
Joseph  Bxiffington,  Pittsburgh.  Pa..  Sept.  25. 
1906:  Victor  B.  Woolley,  Wilmington.  Del.. 
Auer.  12.  1914:  Thomas  G.  Haight,  Newark. 
N.  J..  April  1.  1919. 

Fourth  Judicial  Circuit— Districts  of  Maryland. 
Virginia.  West  Virginia.  North  Carolina.  South 
Carolina.  Circuit  judges.  Jete-  C.  Pritchard. 
Asheville.  N.  C..  April  27.  1904:  Charles  A. 
Woods.  Marion.  S.  C..  June  5.  1913:  Martin 
A.  Knapp.  Washington.  D.  C..  Dec.  20.  1910. 

Fifth  Judicial  Circuit — Districts  of  Georgia. 
Florida.  Alabama.  Mississippi.  Louisiana,  Tex- 
as. Canal  Zone.  Circuit  judges.  Don  A.  Par- 
dee.  Atlanta.  Ga..  May  13.  1881:  Richard  W. 
Walker.  Huntsville.  Ala..  Oct.  5.  1914:  Rob- 
ert Lynn  Batts.  Austin.  Tex..  Feb.  5.  1917. 

Sixth  Judicial  Circuit— Districts  of  Ohio.  Mich- 
igan. Kentucky.  Tennessee.  Circuit  judges. 
Arthur  C.  Denison,  Grand  Rapids.  Mich..  Oct. 
3,  1911:  John  W.  Warrington.  Cincinnati.  O.. 
March  16.  1909:  Loyal  E.  Knappen,  Grand 
Rapids.  Mich..  Jrm.  31,  1910. 

Seventh  Judicial  Circuit — Districts  of  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Wisconsin.  Circuit  judges,  Francis  E. 
Baker.  Indianapolis.  Ind..  Jan.  21.  1902: 
Julian  W.  Mack.  Chicago.  111..  Jan.  31.  1911: 
Samuel  Alschuler.  Chicaero.  111.,  Aug.  16. 
1915:  Evan  A.  Evans.  Madison.  Wis..  May 
10.  1916:  George  T.  Page,  Peoria,  111.,  March 
1.  1919. 

Eighth  Judicial  Circuit—Districts  of  Minnesota, 
North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Wyoming.  Iowa. 
Missouri.  Kansas.  Arkansas.  Nebraska.  Colo- 
rado, Utah,  New  Mexico.  Oklahoma.  Circuit 


390 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


judges.  W.  H.  Sanborn,  St.  Paul,  Minn..  March 
17.  1892;  William  C.  Hook.  Leavenworth. 
Kas..  Nov.  17.  1903;  John  E.  Garland.  Wash- 
ington. D.  C..  Jan.  31.  1911;  Walter  I.  Smith. 
Council  Bluffs.  Iowa.  Jan.  31.  1911;  Kim- 
brough  Stone.  Kansas  City.  Mo.,  Dec.  21.  1916. 
Ninth  Judicial  Circuit— Districts  of  California, 


Montana.  Washington.  Idaho.  Oregon.  Nevada. 
Alaska,  Arizona,  Hawaii.  Circuit  judges,  E.. 
M.  Ross.  Los  Angeles.  Cal..  Feb.  22.  1895: 
W.  B.  Gilbert.  Portland.  Ore..  March  18.  1892; 
William  W.  Morrow.  San  Francisco.  Cal..  May 
20.  1897;  William  H.  Hunt.  Washington. 
D.  C..  Jan.  31.  1911. 


JUDGES    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    DISTRICT    COURTS. 

With  date  of  commission.  Salaries.  $7,500  each. 

Alabama—  Northern  and  middle  dists.Henry  D.    Clayton  ..........  Montgomery    ...May  2,  1914 

Southern    district  ..............  Kobert  T.  Ervin  ..........  Mobile    .......  Jan.  23,  1917 

Northern  district  ...............  William  I.  Grubb  ..........  Birmingham  .  :  .May  30,  1908 

Alaska—  First    district  ............  Robert  W.  Jennings  ........  Juneau    .......  June  8,  1917 

Second   district  .............  William  A.  Holzhelmer  ......  Nome   ........  Oct.  5,  1917 

Third    district  .................  Frederick  M.  Brown  .......  Valdez    .......  July  12,  1917 

Fourth  district  .........  .  .......  Charles  E.  Bunnel  .........  Fairbanks  .  .  .  .Jan.  5,  1915 


.  .......  . 

Arizona    .......................  William   H.   Sawtelle  .......  Tucson  .......  Aug.  18,  1913 

Arkansas—  Eastern  district  .........  Jacob    Trieber  ............  Little  Rock.  .  .  .Jan.      9, 

Western   district  ...............  Frank  A.   Youmans  .......  Fort  Smith  .....  June  20,   1911 


1901 


...............  .  .......  .....  , 

California—  Northern  district  .........  Maurice  T.   Dooling  .......  San  Francisco.  .July  28,   1913 

William  C.   Van  Fleet  .....  San  Francisco.  .  Dec.    17,   1907 

Southern  district.  .  .'  ...........  Benjamin  F    Bledsoe  .......  Los  Angeles.  .  ..Oct.    16,   1914 

Oscar  A.  Trippett  ..........  Los  Angeles  ----  Mar.     3.   1915 

Canal  Zone  ..........................  John  W.  Hanan  .......  ...  Ancon    ........  Oct.    28,   1918 

Colorado  ....................         ...  Robert  E.  Lewis  ...........  Denver   ........  Apr.  10,   1906 

Connecticut  ............  ...Edwin  S.  Thomas  .........  New  Haven.  .  .  .Nov.  17,   1913 

Delaware  ......................       .  .Hugh  M.  Morris  ...............  Wilmington  .....  Jan.    27,  1919 

Florida—  Northern  district  ...........  William  B.  Sheppard  .......  Pensacola    .....  May  20,   1908 

Southern  district  ...................  Rhydon  M.   Call  ............  Jacksonville    ...Apr.  24.   191: 

Georgia—  Northern  district  ...........  William  T.  Newman  .......  Atlanta   .......  Aug.  13,   1886 

Southern    district  ...............  Beverly  D.  Evans  .............  Savannah    .....  Aug.  15,  1917 

Hawaii   .....................  ........  James  L.  Coke  ............  Honolulu    .....  Mar.     3.  191 

Idaho    .........................  Frank  S.  Dietrich  .........  Boise   .........  Dec.    17,  1907 

Illinois—  Northern     district  ...........  Kenesaw  M.   Landis  ........  Chicago    ......  Mar.  18,  190o 

George  A.  Carpenter  .......  Chicago    ......  Jan.    11,  1910 

Eastern  district  ................  George  W.  English  ........  Danville  ......  May     3.  191 

Southern  district  ...............  Louis  FitzHenry  ...............  Peoria  ...........  Tuly      6.  191 

Indiana   ..................  ......  A.  B.  Anderson  ...........  Indianapolis    .  .  .Dec.      8,  190' 

Iowa—  Northern    district  ...........  Henry  T.   Reed  ...........  Cresco    ........  Mar.     7,   1904 

Southern  district  ...............  Martin  J.  Wade  ......  *  .  .  .  .Davenport    .  .  .  .Mar.     3,  1915 

Kansas  ........................  John  C.  Pollock  ...........  Kansas  City  .  .  .  .Dec.      1,   1901 

Kentucky—  Eastern  district  .........  A.  M.  J.  Cochran  ..........  Maysville   .....  Dec.   17.  1901 

Western   district  ................  Walter   Evans  ............  Louisville    .....  Mar.     3,  189: 

Louisiana—  Eastern   district  ........  Rufus   E.   Foster  ..........  New  Orleans.  .  .Feb.     2,  190: 

Western   district  ................  George   W.   Jack  ..........  Shreveport   .  .  .  .Mar.  16.  191 

Maine  ...............................  Clarence   Hale  ............  Portland    ......  July     1,  19°* 

Maryland  ..........................  John  C.  Rose  .............  Baltimore    ....  Apr.     4,  1! 

Massachusetts  ....................  James  M.  Morton,  Jr  ......  Boston    .......  Aug.  12.  191' 

Michigan—  Eastern  district  ..........  Arthur  J.  Tuttle  ..........  Detroit    .......  Aug.     6,  1913 

Western  district  ...................  C.  W.  Sessions  ............  Grand   Rapids.  .Oct.      3,   1911 

Minnesota    .......  .  .Wilbur  F.  Booth  ..........  rmiulh   .......  July     1.  1908 

Page  Morris  ...............  Minneapolis  .  .  .May     4,   1914 

Mississippi—  Two   districts  .........  Edwin  R.   Holmes  .............  Jackson   .........  Oct.    24.19: 

Misaouri—  Eastern   district  .......  David  P.  Dver  ............  St.    Louis  ......  Mar.     1.   3  £07 

Western   district  ................  A.  S.  Van  Valkenburgh.  .  .  .  Kansas  City.  .  ..June  25.   1910 

Montana   .......................  George  M.  Bourquin  .......  Butte  .........  Mar.     8.  1 

Nebraska    ......................  T.   C.   Munprer  ............  .Lincoln   .......  Mar.     1.   1907 

Joseph  W.  Woodrough  ......  Omaha  .......  Apr.     3.   3916 

Nevada    ........................  E.    S.    Farrinston  .........  .Carson  ........  Jan.    10,   1907 

New   Hampshire  ...............  Edgar    Aldrich  ............  Littleton   ......  F*b.  20,   1891 

New    Jersey  .....................  John  Rellstab  .............  Trenton  .......  May  18.  1909 

J.   Warren  Davis  ..........  Trenton    ......  May  15.   3 

New   Mexico  ....................  Colin   Neblett  ..............  Santa    Fe  ......  Feb.      5,  191' 

New  York—  Northern  district  .......  George  W.  Ray  ............  Norwich    ......  Dec.      8,   3  £08 

Southern  district  ...............  Julius    M.    Mavcr  .........  New  Yo-k  c«v  .  ."F>b.  26,   1912 

Augustus  N.    Hand  ........  N^w  Yory  city..  Sent.  .SO.   1914 

John  Clark  Knox  .........  New  York  c;ty..Anr.  12.   V 

Learned  Hand  ............  NPW  York  city..  Apr.  26.   1909 

Eastern  district  ................  Thomas  I.  Chatfield  .......  ProoVivn  ......  Jan.      9.  1907 

Edwin  L.  Garvin  ..........  Brooklyn  ......  Mar.  21.  19 

Western  district  ................  John  R.  Hazel  ............  -Rnffaio    .......  -T"ne     ft.   3  '• 

North  Carolina—  Eastern  district.  .  .  .H»nry  G.   Connor  .........  .Wilson    .......  May  25.   1< 

Western    district  ................  James   E.    Boyd  ...........  Greensboro  ----  -Tin.      9,   1! 

North  Dakota  ...................  Charles  F.  Amidon  .........  Far<ro   ........  TVb.   18,   J8ft7 

Ohio—  Northern  district  ...........  D.    C.    Westhaver  ..........  rioVPiand  .....  Mar.  14.   1! 

John  M.  Killits  ...........  Toledo    .......  June  24.   3910 

Southern  district  ...............  H.  C.  HoHister  ...........  Cincinnati  .....  Mar.     7.  3' 

John  E    Sater  .............  Cohimbus    .....  May  30.   3  OOR 

Oklahoma—  Eastern    district  ........  R.L.Williams  .................  Mnskosree    .....  Jan.      7.1939 

Western   district  ................  John   H.    Cotteral  ..........  Gntprie   .......  Jan.    13,  3908 

Oregon    ........................  C    E    Wolvprton  .........  Portland    ......  Jan.    3  0,   3  006 

Pohert    S     P-an  ...........  Poi-tland    ......  Ar»r.  28.    3  909 

Pennsylvania—  Eastern    district  .....  Olivor  p.  DioVinnon  ........  pwia^oirVMa   .  ..Ar«r.  28.   3«14 

J    Whitaker  Thomnson  .....  PMliuWpW*   .  .v.Tnly  16.   3913 

Middle  district  .................  Charles  B.  Witmer  ........  Sunbury    ......  May     2.  1911 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


391 


Western  district W.  H.  S.  Thompson Pittsburgh  .  .  .  .July  21,  1914 

Charles  P.  Orr Pittsburgh  .  .  .  .Apr.  8.  1909 

Porto  Rico Jose  C.  Hernandez,  Ch.  J.  .  .San  Juan Apr.  9,  1909 

Rhode  Island Arthur  L.  Brown Providence  Oct.  15,  1896 

South  Carolina— Eastern  district.  .  .  .Henry  A.  M.  Smith Charlenton  .  .  .  .June  7,  1911 

Western  district 

South  Dakota James  D.  Elliott Sioux  Falls.  .  ..June  7,  1911 

Tennessee — Eastern  and  middle  dists.. Edward  T.  Sanford Knoxville  May  18,  1908 

Western  district John  E.  McCall .Memphis Jan.  17,  1905 

Texas — Eastern  district Gordon  Russell Tyler June  6,  1910 

Western  district DuVal  West San  Antonio .  .  .  .Dec.  21.  1916 

W.  R.  Smith El  Paso Apr.  12,  1917 

Northern  district Edw.  R.  Meek Dallas  Feb.  15,  1899 

James  C.  Wilson Fort  Worth Mar.  5,  1919 

Southern  district J.  C.  Hutcheson,  Jr Houston Apr.  6,  1918 

Utah  Tillman  D.  Johnson Salt  Lake  City .  .Jan.  18,  1916 

Vermont  Harland  B.  Howe Windsor Feb.  22,  1916 

Virginia— Eastern  district Edmund  Waddill.  Jr Richmond Mar.  22,  1898 

Western  district H.  Clay  McDowell Big-stone  Gap.  .  .Dec.  18,  1901 

Washington— Western  district Edward  E.  Cushman Tacoma May  1,  1912 

Jeremiah  Neterer Seattle July  21.  1913 

Eastern  district  Frank  H.  Rudkin Spokane Jan.  31,  1911 

West  Virginia— Northern  district Alston  G.  Dayton Phillippi  Mar.  14.  1905 

Southern  district Benjamin  F.  Keller Bramwell  July  1.  1901 

Wisconsin— Eastern  district Ferdinand  A.  Geig-er Milwaukee Mar.  20.  1912 

Western  district  A.  L.  Sanborn Madison Jan.  9,  1915 

Wyoming  .  ..".'.'.'.  ..'.......  .  .John  A.  Riner.  . Cheyenne Sept.  22,  1890 

TINITED  STATES  DISTRICT  ATTORNEYS. 

Alabama— .Northern   district.    Fric   Pettus.    Bir-       Louis:    western   district.    Francis  M.   Wilson, 


mingham;  middle  district,  Thomas  D.  Sam- 
ford.  Montgomery:  southern  district,  Alexan- 
der D.  Pitts.  Mobile. 

Alaska— First  division.  James  A.  Smiser.  Ju- 
neau:  second  division,  Gudbrand  J.  Lomen, 
Nome:  third  division,  William  A.  Munly, 
Valdez:  Fourth  division.  R.  F.  Roth.  Fair- 
banks. 

Arizona— Thomas  A.  Flynn,  Phoenix. 

Arkansas— Eastern  district,  William  H.  Martin, 
Little  Rock;  western  district,  E.  O.  Mahoney, 
Fort  Smith. 

California— Northern  district,  Mrs.  Annette  A. 
Adams.  S?n  Francisco:  southern  district, 
John  R.  O'Connor,  Los  Angeles. 

Canal  Zone— A.  C.  Hindman,  Ancon. 

Colorado — Harry  B.  Tedrow,  Denver. 

Connecticut— John  F.  Crosby,  Hartford. 

Delaware— Charles  F.  Curley.  Wilmington. 

District  of  Columbia— John  E.  Laskey,  Wash- 
ington. 

Florida— Northern  district,  John  L.  Neeley,  Pen- 
sacola:  southern  district,  Herbert  S.  Phillips, 
Tampa. 

Georgia— Northern  district.  Hooper  Alexander, 
Atlanta;  southern  district.  Earl  M.  Donalson, 
Ma  con. 

Hawaii— S.  C.  Huber,  Honolulu. 

Idaho— James  L.  McClear,  Boise. 

Illinois— Northern  district,  Charles  F.  Clyne, 
Chicago:  eastern  district.  Jpmes  G.  Burnside, 
Danville:  southern  district,  Edward  C. 
Knotts.  Springfield. 

Indiana — L.  E.  Slack.  Indianapolis. 

Iowa— Northern  district.  Frank  A.  O'Connor. 
Sioux  City;  southern  district,  Edwin  G.  Moon, 
Ottumwa. 

Kansas — Fred  Robertson,  Topeka. 

Kentucky— Western  district.  Perry  B.  Miller, 
Louisville:  eastern  district,  Thomas  D.  Slat- 
tery.  Coving-ton. 

Louisiana — Eastern  district,  Henry  Mooney, 
New  Orleans;  western  district,  Joseph  Moore, 
Shrevenort. 

.rfaine—  John  F.  A.  Merrill.   Portland. 

Maryland — Samnel  K.  Dennis.   Baltimore. 

Massachusetts— Thomas   J.   Bnynton.   Boston. 

Michigan — Eastern  district.  John  E.  Kinnane, 
Detroit:  western  district,  Myron  H.  Walker, 
Grand  Rapids. 

Minnesota— Alfred  .Taqnes.   St.  P-".il. 

Mississinpi— Northern  district.  Wilson  S.  Hill, 
Oxford:  southern  district.  Julian  P.  Alexan- 
der. Jackson. 

Missouri— Eastern  district.  W.  L.   Hensley.   St. 


Kansas  City. 

Montana — Edward  C    Day.  Helena. 

Nebraska— Thomas  S.  Allen.  Omaha. 

Nevada — William  Woodburn,    Carson   City. 

New  Hampshire— Fred  H.  Brown.  Concord. 

New  Jersey — Charles  F.  Lynch,  Newark. 

New  Mexico — Summers  Burkhart,  Albuquerque. 

New  York — Northern  district,  Dennis  B.  Lucey. 
Utica:  southern  district,  Francis  G.  Caffey. 
New  York  city;  eastern  district.  James  D. 
Bell.  Brooklyn:  western  district,  Stephen  T. 
Lockwood.  Buffalo. 

North  Carolina— Eastern  district.  Thomas  D. 
Warren.  New  Bern;  western  district,  William 
C.  Hammer.  Ash^o^o. 

North  Dakota— Melvin   A.  Hildreth.  Fargo. 

Ohio— 'Northern  district.  Edwin  S.  Wertz.  Cleve- 
land: southern  district,  Stuart  R.  Bolin,  Co- 
lumbus. 

Oklahoma — Eastern  district,  W.  P.  McGinnis, 
Muskogee;  western  district.  John  A.  Fain, 
Guthrie. 

Oregon— Bert  E.  Haney,  Portland. 

Pennsylvania — Eastern  district.  Francis  F. 
Kane,  Philadelphia;  middle  district,  Rogers 
L.  Burnett,  Scranton:  western  district,  R.  L. 
Crawford.  Pittsburgh. 

Porto  Rico— Miles  M.  Martin,   San  Juan. 

Rhode  Island — Harvey  A.  Baker,  Providence. 

South  Carolina — Eastern  district.  Francis  H. 
Weston.  Charleston:  western  district,  J.  Wil- 
liam Thurmond,  Greenville. 

South  Dakota— Robert  P.  Stewart,  Sioux  Falls. 

Tennessee— Eastern  district.  Wesley  T.  Ken- 
nerly,  Knoxville;  middle  district.  Lee  Doug- 
las. Nashville;  western  district,  W.  D.  Kyser. 
Memphis. 

Texas — Eastern  district,  Clarence  Merritt, 
Paris:  northern  district.  Wilmot  M.  Odell. 
Fort  Worth:  western  district,  Hugh.  R.  Rob- 
ertson, San  Antonio:  southern  district.  John 
E.  Green.  Jr.,  Houston. 

Utah— William  W.  Ray.  Salt  Lake  City. 

Vermont — Vernon  A.  Bullard,  Burlington. 

Virginia— Eastern  district.  Hirrm  M,  Smith. 
Richmond:  western  district.  Richard  E.  Byrd. 
Roanoke. 

Washington— Western  district,  Robert  C.  Saun- 
ders.  Seattle;  eastern  district,  Francis  A. 
Garrecht.  Spokane. 

W-st  Virginia— Northern  district,  Stuart  W. 
Walker.  Parkersbnrg;  southern  district,  L. 
H.  Kelly.  Huntington. 

Wisconsin— Eastern  district.  H.  A.  Sawyer.  Mil- 
waukee: western  district.  Albert  C.  Wolfe. 
La  Crosse. 

Wyoming— Charles  L.  Rigdon.  Cheyenne. 


392 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


UNITED  STATES  MARSHALS, 


Alabama— Northern  district.  Henry  A.  Skeg-gra, 
Birmingrham;  middle  district,  McDuffie  Cain. 
Montgomery;  southern  district,  Christopher 
G.  Gewin.  Mobile. 

Alaska — First  division.  J.  M.  Tanner,  Juneau: 
second  division.  Emmet  R.  Jordan,  Nome: 
third  division,  F.  R.  Brenneman,  Valdez; 
fourth  division,  Lewis  T.  Erwin,  Fairbanks. 

Arizona — Joseph  P.  Dillon.  Tucson. 

Arkansas— Eastern  district.  A.  Jackson  Walls, 
Little  Rock:  western  district,  John  H.  Par- 
ker. Fort  Smith. 

California— Northern  district.  James  B.  Holo- 
han.  San  Francisco:  southern  district,  Charles 
T.  Walton.  Los  Angeles. 

Canal  Zone — Miguel  A.  Otero.  Ancon. 

Colorado— Samuel  J.  Burris.  Denver. 

Connecticut— C.   C.  Middle-brooks.    Hartford. 

Delaware— Martin  F.  Farry.   Wilmington. 

District  of  Columbia — Maurice  Splain,  Wash- 
ington. 

Florida — Northern  district.  James  B.  Perkins, 
Pensacola:  southern  district,  Nathan  H.  Bos- 
well.  Jacksonville. 

Georgia— Northern  district.  Howard  Thompson. 
Atlanta:  southern  district.  Joseph  S.  Davis, 
Macon. 

Hawaii— Jerome  J.  Smiddy,  Honolulu. 

Idaho— Lero.v  C.  Jones.  Boise 

Illinois— Northern  district.  John  J.  Bradley.  Chi- 
cago: eastern  district,  Cpoper  Stout.  Dan- 
ville: southern  district.  Vincent  Y.  Dallman. 
Springfield. 

Indiana— Mark  Storen.   Indianapolis. 

Iowa — Northern  district.  E.  R.  Moore,  Du- 
buque;  southern  district.  Nicholas  F.  Reed. 
Des  Moines. 

Kansas— Otho  T.  Wood.  Topeka. 

Kentucky — Western  district,  Edgar  H.  James, 
Louisville:  eastern  district,  Henry  M.  Cox, 
Covmgton. 


Montana — Joseph  L.  Ashbridge,  Helena. 
Nebraska — Thomas  J.  Flynn,   Omaha. 
Nevada — Joseph  McEachin.  Carson  City. 
New    Hampshire— Charles    J.    O'Neill.    Concord. 
New  Jersey — Albert  Bollschweiler,  Trenton. 
New  Mexico— Andrew   H.   Hudspeth,   Santa  Fe. 
New     York  —  Northern     district,     Clayton     L. 

Wheeler.  Utica;  southern  district,  Thomas  D. 

McCarthy,    New   York   city;    eastern   district, 

James  M.  Power,  Brooklyn:  western  district, 

John  D.  Lynn.  Rochester. 
North    Carolina— Eastern    district,    George    H. 

Bellamy,    Raleigh:    western   district.    Charles 

A.   Webb,  Asheville. 

North  Dakota— Stephen  J.  Doyle.  Fargo. 
Ohio — Northern     district.     Charles     W.     Lapp, 

Cleveland:   southern  district.  Michael  Devan- 

ny.  Cincinnati. 
Oklahoma — Western    district,    John    Q.    Newell. 

Oklahoma  City:  eastern  district,  A.  B.  Enloe. 

Jr..  Muskogee. 

Oregon — George  F.  Alexander,  Portland. 
Pennsylvania  —  Eastern      district.       Frank      J. 

Noofian,  Philadelphia:  middle  district,  James 

S.  Magee.  Scranton:  western  district,  John  F. 

Short.  Pittsburgh. 

Porto  Rdco— William  R.  Bennett,  San  Juan. 
Rhode   Island — John   J.  Richards,    Providence. 
South    Carolina— Eastern    district,      Jamos     L. 

Sims.  Charleston:  western  district,  C.  J.  Lyon. 

Greenville. 

South  Dakota — William  Hickey,  Sioux  Falls. 
Tennessee — Eastern    district,    J.    R.    Thompson, 

Knoxville:    middle   district,    George    B.    Witt. 

Nashville:  western  district,  Stanley  H.  Trere- 

vant.    Memphis. 
Texas— Eastern  district.    Benjamin  F.   Sherrill, 

Sherman:    northern   district,    James    A.    Ba»- 
!      gett,  Dallas:  western  district.  John  H.  Rogeri. 

San    Antonio:    southern    district.    Jacob    A. 

Herring,  Galvestcn. 

!  Utah— Aquila  Nebeker.  Salt  Lake  City. 
i  Vermont— Arthur  P.   Carpenter.   Rutland, 
pat^ck.   tsnreveport^  Virginia— Eastern   district.    John    G.    Saundert. 

Maine — John    S.    P.    H.    Wilson,    Portland.  Norfolk-      wp^tprn      rtistriot        T       C        "RnrnK 

Maryland— Wilham   W.    Stockham.    Baltimore.          S,ann'on     western     <tlstnct'     T-     G-     Burcn. 

Massachusetts-^Iohn  J.  Mitchell,  Boston.  w    t?     ?        -p     ^        ^  +r^t      T  m  a    v     •»,„ 

Michigan— Eastern  district.  Henry  Behrendt.  De-    Washington— Eastern    district      James    E     Mc- 

troit:     western    district.    Herman    O'Connor.       S^T™^  sP°kane:   western   district.  John  M. 

Grand  Rapids.  _Boyle<  Tacoma- 

Minnesota— Joseph  A.  Wessell,  St.  Paul.  West    Virginia— Northern   district.    Clarence    E. 

Smith.    Parkersburgr:    southern   district,    Wil- 
liam Osborne,  Huntington. 


Mississippi— Northern  district.  Bruce  Alexander, 
Oxford:  southern  district.  Floyd  Loper,  Jack- 
sou.  _ 

Missouri— 'Eastern  district,  John  F.  Lynch.  St. 
Louis:  western  district.  William  A.  Shelton, 


Kansas  City. 


Wisconsin — Eastern  district,  Samuel  W.  Ran- 
dolph, Milwaukee:  western  district.  Frank 
O'Connor,  Madison. 

Wyoming — Daniel  F.  Hudson,  Cheyenne. 


Country. 

Britain     10.105 

United  States  4.929 

Argentina    215 

Austria-Hungary     339 

Belgium   152 

Brazil    428 

Chile   114 

China   102 

Cuba    51 

Denmark    645 

Finland    338 

France    1.140 

Germany    1.768 

Greece    312 

Solland    931 
aly    858 


MERCHANT  MARINE  OF  THE  WORLD. 

[From  Lloyd's  Register  for  1919-20.3 
Ships. 


t  Tonnage. 
18.607.875 

Country. 
Japan   

•Ships 
.   1.418 

tTonnage. 
2.325.266 

13,091,773 

Mexico  .... 

47 

35.593 

154.441 

1.629 

1,857.829 

714.617 

Peru    .  . 

63 

79,342 

313  276 

Portugal 

227 

261.212 

512.675 

Roumania    

35 

63,792 

101  647 

Russia 

618 

541,005 

132,515 

Spain    

576 

750,611 

47  29? 

Sweden    

.   1,263 

992,611 

702  436 

Turkey                     . 

161 

116  249 

180,962 

Uruguay    

43 

44,499 

2  233  631 

Other  countries 

250 

128.455 

3,503,380 

Flag   not   recorded.  .  .  . 

198 

140  477 

323.796 
1  591  911 

Total 

29  255 

50  919  273 

l!370.'097 

•Ships  of  100  tons 

and  upward. 

t  Gross. 

John  Dryden.  1670-1  fit 
Thomas  Shadwell.  1689-1692. 
Nahum  Tate.  1692-1715. 
Nicholas  Rowe.  1715-1718. 
Laurence  Eusden,  1718-1730. 


POETS  LAUREATE  OF  ENGLAND. 


Colley  Cibber,  1730-1757. 
William  Whitehead.  1758-1785. 
Thomas  Wharton.  1785-1790. 
Henry  James  Pye.  1790-1813. 
Robert  Southey.  1813-1843. 


William     Wordsworth.      1843- 

1850. 

Alfred  Tennyson.   18BO-1892. 
Alfred  Austin.  189P-1913. 
Robert  Bridges.  1913. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Congress. 


From  March  4.    1919.   to  March  3.   1921. 

SENATE. 

President.  Thomas  R.  Marshall,  vice-president  of  the  United  States:  compensation.  812.000 
a  year.  Republicans.  49;  democrats.  47.  Compensation  of  senators.  $7.500  a  year,  term  six 
years. 

NEBRASKA. 


ALABAMA. 
Oscar  W.  Underwood.  Dem.  .Birmingham..  1921 

John  H.  Bankhead.  Dem Jasper.. 1926 

ARIZONA. 

Heury    F.    Ashurst.    Dem Prescott.,1923 

Marcus   A.    Smith.    Dem Tucson.  .1921 

ARKANSAS. 

WiUiam  F.  Kirby,   Dem Little  Rock.. 1921 

Joseph  T.  Robinson,  Dem Lonoke..l925 

CALIFORNIA. 

James  D.  Phelan.   Dem... San  Francisco..  1921 
Hiram    W.    Johnson,    Rep Sacramento.  .1923 

COLORADO. 

Lawrence  C.  Phipps,  Rep Denver.  .1925 

Charles  S.   Thomas.  Dem Denver..  1921 

CONNECTICUT. 

Frank  B.  Brandegee.   Rep.. New  London.. 1921 
George  P.  McLean.  Rep Simsbury..l923 

DELAWARE. 

Josiah  O.  Wolcott.   Dem Dover.  .1923 

L.   Heisler  Ball.   Rep Marshalltown..l925 

FLORIDA. 
Duncan   U.    Fletcher.    Dem.. Jacksonville.  .1921 

Park    TrammeU.    Dem Lakeland.  .1923 

GEORGIA. 

William  J.  Harris.  Dem Cedartown.  .1925 

Hoke    Smith.    Dem Atlanta.. 1921 

IDAHO. 

John   F.  Nuirent.   Dem Boise. .1921 

William  E.  Borah.  Rep Boise.. 1925 

ILLINOIS. 

Medill  McCormick.    Rep Chicago.  .1925 

Lawrence  Y.   Sherman.    Rep.  .Springfield..  1921 
INDIANA. 

Jamef  E.  Watson.  Rep Rushville.  .1921 

Harry  S.   New.   Rep Indianapolis..  1923 

IOWA. 

Albert  B.   Cummins.    Rep Des  Moines..l921 

William  S.  Kenyon.  Rep Fort  Dodge.. 1925 

KANSAS. 

Charles    Curtis.    Rep Topeka.,1921 

Arthur   Capper.    Rep Topeka.  .1925 

KENTUCKY. 

J.   C.  W.    Beckham.   Dem Frankfort.  .1921 

Augustus   O.   Stanley.    Dem. .  .Henderson.. 1925 
LOUISIANA. 

Edward  J.    Gay.  Dem Plaquemine.  .1921 

Joseph  E.   Ransdell.  D.  .Lake  Providence.  .1925 
MAINE. 

Frederick    Hale.    Rep Portland..  1923 

Bert  M.   Fernald,   Rep West  Poland.. 1925 

MARYLAND. 

John  Walter  Smith.  Dem Snow   Hill.. 1921 

Joseph  I.  France,  Rep Port  Deposit.  .1923 

MASSACHUSETTS. .. 

Henry   Cabot    Lodge.    Rep Nahant.,1923 

David  I.  Walsh.  Dem Fitchburg.  .1925 

MICHIGAN. 

Charles    E.    Townsend.    Rep Jackson.  .1923 

Truman    H.    Newberry.    Rep Detroit..  1925 

MINNESOTA. 

Frank  B.  Kellogg.  Rep St.  Paul.. 1923 

Knute    Nelson,    Rep Alexandria..  1925 

MISSISSIPPI. 
John  Sharp  Williams.  Dem...Yazoo  City.. 1923 

Pat  Harrison.  Dem Gulf  port..  1925 

MISSOURI. 

Selden   P.   Spencer.   Rep St.   Louis.. 1921 

James  A.   Reed.  Dem Kansas  City.. 1923 

MONTANA. 

Henry  L.   Myers.   Dem Hamilton.  .1923 

Thomas    J.    Walsh.    Dem Helena..  1926 


.  .1921 
.  .1923 


Gilbert   M.    Hitchcock.    Dem  ......  Omaha..  1923 

George   W.   Norris.   Rep  ..........  McCook.,1925 

NEVADA. 
Charles  B.  Henderson,  Dem  .........  Elko.,1921 

Key  Pittman,  Dem  .............  Tonopah.,1923 

NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 
George  H.  Moses.  Rep  ............  Concord..  1921 

Henry  W.  Keyes.    Rep..  North   Haverhill.,1925 

NEW  JERSEY. 
Walter  E.   Etipro.   Rep  .......  Atlantic  City.  .1925 

Joseph  S.   Frelinghuysen.   Rep...  Raritan.  .1923 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Andreius  A.  Jones.   Dem.  .E.   Las  Vegas..  1923 
Albert  B.  Fall.  Rep  ........  Three  Rivers..  1925 

NEW  YORK. 
James  W.  Wadsworth.  Rep....  Groveland.  .1 

William    M.    Calder.    Rep  ......  Brooklyn 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Lee  S.  Overman.   Dem  ..........  Salisbury..  1921 

F.    M.    Simmons.    Dem  ..........  Newbern.  .1925 

NORTH    DAKOTA. 
Porter   J.    McCumber.    Rep.  ...Wahpeton.  .1923 

Asle  J.   Gronna.   Rep  ..............  Lakota.,1921 

OHIO. 
Warren  G.  Harding.   Rep  .........  Marion..  1921 

Atlee  Pomerene.  Dem  ............  Canton.  .1923 

OKLAHOMA. 
Thomas  P.  Gore,  Dem  ...........  Lawton.,1921 

Robert  L.  Owen.  Dem  .........  Muskogee.,1926 

OREGON. 
George  E.  Chamberlain.  Dem  ____  Portland.  .1921 

Charles  L.  McNary.  Rep  ..........  Salem..  1926 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Boies  Penrose.  Rep  ..........  Philadelphia..  1921 

Philander  C.  Knox.  Rep  ......  Pittsburgh..  1923 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Peter  Goelet  Gerry.  Dem  ........  Warwick.  .1923 

leBaron  B.  Colt.  Rep  .............  Bristol.  .1926 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Ellison  D.  Smith.  Dem  ..........  Florence.  .1921 

Nathaniel  B.  Deal.  Dem  ..........  Laurens.  .1925 

SOUTH   DAKOTA. 
Edwin  S.  Johnson.  Dem  ........  Yankton.  .1921 

Thomas     Sterling,     Rep  ........  Vermilion.  .1926 

TENNESSEE. 
Kenneth  D.  McKellar.  Dem  .....  Memphis.  .1923 

John  K.  Shields.  Dem  ..........  Knoxville.  .1926 

TEXAS. 
Charles  A.   Culberson,   Dem  .......  Dallas..  1923 

Morris  Sheppard.  Dem  ........  Texarkana.,1925 

T-rm  A  TT 

Reed  Smoot,  Rep  .........  '.  .  .Provo  City..  1921 

William  H.  King.  Dem  ____  Salt  Lake  City..  1923 

VERMONT. 

William  P.  Dillingham.  Rep.  .Montpelier.  .1921 
Carroll    S.   Page,    Rep  ........  Hyde   Park..  1923 

VIRGINIA. 
Claude  A.  Swanson,  Dem  .......  Chatham.  .1923 

Thomas  S.  Martin,  Dem.  .Charlottesville.  .1926 

WASHINGTON. 
Wesley  L.  Jones.  Rep  ..............  Seattle.  .1921 

Miles  Poindexter.  Rep  ...........  Spokane.  .1923 

WEST   VIRGINIA. 
Howard  Sutherland.  Rep  ..........  Elkins.,1923 

Davis  Elkins.   Rep  ......  -----  Morgantown.  .1926 

WISCONSIN. 
Irvine  L.  Lenroot,  Rep  ..........  Superior..  1921 

Robert  M.  LaFollette.  Rep  ......  Madison.  .1923 

WYOMING. 
John    B.    Kendrick.    Dem  .......  Sheridan..  1923 

Francis    E.    Warren,    Rep  ......  Cheyenne..  192  » 


394 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


HOUSE    OF    REPRESENTATIVES. 


Speaker,  Frederick  H.  Gillett.  Rep.:  repub- 
licans, 240;  democrats,  191:  independent,  2; 
prohibition  1:  socialist  1;  total  435.  Asterisk 
(*)  after  name  indicates  that  members  served 
in  65th  congress.  tAt  large.  Compensation 
of  speaker,  512,000;  of  other  members, 
$7.500  a  year.  Term,  two  years. 
ALABAMA. 

1.  John  McDuffle,  Dem Monroeville 

§.   S.  Hubert  Dent,  Jr.,*  Dem Montgomery 
.  Henry  B.   Steagall,*  Dem Ozark 

4.  Fred   L.    Blackmon,*    Dem Anniston 

5.  J.  Thomas  Heflin,*  Dem Lafayette 

6.  William  B.  Oliver,*  Dem Tuscaloosa 

7.  L.    B.    Radney,    Dem Gadsde-n 

8.  Edward  B.  Almon.*  Dem Tuscumbia 

9.  Georg-e    Huddleston,*   Dem Birmingham 

10.  William  B.  Bankhead.*  Dem Jasper 

ARIZONA. 

Carl  Hayden,*t    Dem Phoenix 

ARKANSAS. 

1.  Thaddeus  H.  Carnway,*  Dem Jonesboro 

2.  William  A.  Oldfield,*  Dem Batesvills 

3.  John  N.  Tillmnn,*  Dem Fayetteville 

4.  Otis  Wingo.*   Dem De  Queen 

5.  Henderson  M.  Jacoway.*  Dem. .  ;Dardanelle 

6.  Samuel  M.  Taylor,*  Dem Pine  Bluff 

7.  William  S.  Goodwin.*  Dem Warren 

CALIFORNIA. 

1.  Clarence  F.  Lea,*  D?m Santa  Rosa 

2.  John   E.   Raker.*   Dem Alturas 

3.  Charles  F.  Curry.*  Rep Sacramento 

4.  Julius  Kahn,*  Rep San  Francisco 

5.  John  I.  Nolan,*  Rep San  Francisco 

6.  John  A.  Elston,*  Rep B"rkel?y 

7.  H.   E.  Barbour,  Rep Fresno 

8.  Hug-h  S.  Hersman.  Dem Gilroy 

9.  Charles  H.  Randall,*  Pro Los  Angeles 

10.  Henry  Z.  Osborne,  Rep Los  Angeles 

11.  William  Kettner.*  Dem San  Diego 

COLORADO. 

1.  William  N.  Vaile,  Rep Denver 

2.  Charles  B.   Timb^rlnke,*   Rep Sterling 

3.  Guy  W.  Hardy,   Rep Canon  City 

4.  E.  T.  Taylor,*  Dem Glenwood  Springs 

CONNECTICUT. 

1.  Augustine  Lonergan,*  Dem Hartford 

2.  Richard  P.  Freeman,*  Rep New  London 

3.  John  Q.  Tilson,*  Rep New  Haven 

4.  Schuyler  Merritt.    Rep Stamford 

5.  James  P.  Glynn,*  Rep Winsted 

DELAWARE. 

Caleb  R.  Layton.t  Rep ,.. Georgetown 

FLORIDA. 

1.  Herbert  J.  Drane,*  Dem Lakeland 

2.  Frank  Clark,*  Dem Gainesville 

3.  J.  H.  Smithwick,  Dem Pensacola 

4.  William  J.  Sears,*  Dem Kissimmee 

GEORGIA. 

1.  James  W.  Overstreet,*  Dem Sylvania 

2.  Frank  Park,*  Dem Sylvester 

3.  Charles  R.  Crisp,*  Dem Americas 

4.  W.  C.  Wrig-ht,*  Dem Newnan 

5.  William  D.  TJpshaw,*  Dem Atlanta 

6.  James  W.  Wise.*  Dem Fayetteville 

7.  Gordon  Lee,*  Dem Chickamauga 

8.  Charles  H.  Brand,*  Dem Athens 

9.  Thomas  M.  Bell,*  Dem Gainesville 

10.  Carl  Vinson.*  Dem Milledgeville 

11.  W.  C.  Lankford,   Dem Douglas 

12.  William  W.  Larsen,*  Dem Dublin 

IDAHO. 

Addison  T.  Smith.*t   Rep Twin  Falls 

Burton  L.  French,  *t    Rep Moscow 

ILLINOIS. 

Richard   Yates.f    Rep Springfield 

William  E.  Mason,  *f   Rep Chicago 

1.  Martin  B.  Madd?n,*  Rep Chi-ago 

2.  Jnmes  R.  Mann,*  Rep Chicago 

3.  William  W.  Wilson,*  Rep Chicago 


4.  John  W.  Rainey.*  Dem Chicago 

5.  Adolph  J.  Sabath,*  Dem Chicago 

6.  James  McAndrews,*  Dem Chicago 

7.  Niels  Juul,*  Rep Chicago 

8.  Thomas    Gallagher,*    Dem Chicago 

9.  Fred  A.  Britten,*  Rep Chicago 

10.  Carl  R.  Chindbloom.  Rep Chicago 

11.  Ira  C.  Copley,*  Rep Aurora 

12.  Charles  E.  Fuller,*  Rep Belvidera 

13.  John  C.  McKenzie,*  Rep Elizabeth 

14.  William  J.   Graham,*  Rep Aledo 

15.  Edward  J.  King,*  Rep Galesburg 

16.  Clifford  Ireland,*  Rep Peoria 

17.  Frank  L.  Smith,  Rep Dwight 

18.  Joseph  G.  Cannon,*  Rep Danville 

19.  William  B.  McKinley,*  Rep Champaign 

20.  Henry  T.  Rainey,*  Dem Carrollton 

21.  Loren  E.  Wheeler.*  Rep Springfield 

22.  Wm.  A.  Rodenberg,*  Rep... East  St.  Louis 

23.  E.  B.  Brooks,  Rep Newton 

24.  Thomas   S.    Williams,*    Rep Louisville 

25.  Edward  E.  Denison.*  Rep Marion 

INDIANA. 

1.  O.   R.  Luhring,   Rep Evansville 

2.  Oscar  E.  Bland,*  Rep Linton 

3.  J.    W.    Dunbar.    Rep New  Albany 

4.  J.  S.  Benham,  Rep Benham 

5.  Everett  Sanders,*  Rep Terre  Haute 

6.  Richard  N.  Elliott,*  Rep Connorsville 

7.  Merrill  Moores.*  Rep Indianapolis 

8.  Albert  H.  Vestal.*  Rep Anderson 

9.  Fred  S.  Purnell,*  Rep Attica 

10.  William  R.  Wood,*  Rep Lafayette 

11.  Milton  Kraus.*   Rep Peru 

12.  Louis  W.  Fairfield,*  Rep Angola 

13.  A.  J.  Hickey,  Rep Laporte 

IOWA. 

1.  Charles  A.  Kennedy,*   Rep Montrose 

2.  Harry  E.  Hull.*  Rep Williamsourg 

3.  Burton  E.  Sweet.*  Rep Waverly 

4.  Gilbert  N    Haugen,*  Rep Northwood 

5.  James   W.    Good,*   Rep Cedar  Rapids 

6.  C.    William    Ramseyer.*    Rep Bloomfield 

7.  Cassius  C.  Dowell.*  Rep Des  Moines 

8.  Horace  M.  Towner.*  Rep Corning- 

9.  William   R.   Green,*   Rep Council    Bluffs 

10.  J.  L.  Dickinson.  Rep Algona 

11.  W.  D.  Boies,   Rep Sheldon 

KANSAS. 

1.  Dan'l  R.  Anthony.  Jr.,*  Rep.  .Leavenworth 

2.  Edward  C.  Little.*  Rep Kansas  City 

3.  Philip  P.  Campbell,*  Rep Pittsburg 

4.  Homer  Hoch,  Rep Marion 

5.  J.  C.  Strong,  Rep Blue  Rapids 

6.  Kays  B.  White.  Rep Mankato 

7.  J.  N.  Tincher.  Rep Medicine  Lodge 

8.  William  A.    Ayres,*    Dem Wichita 

KENTUCKY. 

1.  Alben  W.  Barkley,*  Dem Paducah 

2.  David  H.  Kincheloe,*  Dem Madisonville 

3.  Robert  Y.  Thomas,  Jr.,*  Dem.  .Central  City 

4.  Ben  Johnson.*   Dem Bardstown 

5.  Charles  F.  Ogden,  Rep Louisville 

6.  Arthur    B.    Rouse,*    Dem Burlington 

7.  James  C.  Cantrill,*  Dem Georgetown 

8.  King    Swope.     Rep Danville 

9.  William  J.  Fields.*  Dem Olive  Hill 

10.  John  W.  Lpngley.*  Rep Pikeville 

11.  J.  M.  Robison,  Rep Barbourville 

LOUISIANA. 

1.  James  O'Cornor,   Dem New   Orleans 

2.  H.  Garland  Dupre.*  Dem New  Orleans 

3.  Whitmell  P.  Martin.*  Dem Thibodaux 

4.  John  T.  Watkins,*  Dem Minden 

5.  Riley  J.  \7ilson.*  Dem Harrisonburg 

6.  Jared  Y.  Sander,*  Dem Bogalusa 

7.  Ladislas  Lazaro,*  Dem Washington 

8.  James  B.  Aswell,*  Dem Natchitoches 

MAINE. 

1.  Louis  B.  Goodall.*  Rep Sanford 

2.  Wallace  H.  White.  Jr.,*  Rep Lewiston 

3.  John  A.  Peters.*  Rep Ellsworth 

4.  Ira  G.  Hersey,*  Rep Houlton 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


395 


MARYLAND 
1.  William  N.  Andrews.  Rep  .......  Cambridge 

§.  Carville  D.  Benson,  Dem  .........  Halethorp 
.  Charles  P.  Coady,*  Dem  ..........  Baltimore 

tj    Charles  Linthicum.*  Dem  .....  Baltimore 
!   Sydney  E.  Mudd.*  Rep  ............  La  Plata 

6.  Frederick  N.  Zihlman,*  Rep  ____  Cumberland 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

1.  Allen  T.  Treadway.*  R~p  .......  Stockbridge 

2.  Frederick  H.  Gillett,*   Rep  ......  Springfield 

3.  Calvin  D.  Paige,*  Rep  ..........  South!  rids:, 

4.  Samuel  E.  Winslow.*   R<:p  .......  Worcester 

5.  John  Jacob  Rogers,*  Rep  ...........  Lowel 

6.  Willfred  W.  Lufkin.*  Rep  .............  Ess  3 

7.  Michael  F.  Phelan.*  Dem  .............  Lynn 

8.  Frederick  W.   Dallinger,*    Rep.  .Cambridge 

9.  Alvan  T.  Fuller.*  Rep  ..............  Maiden 

10.  John  F.  Fitzgerald.*  Dem  ...........  Boston 

11.  George  Holden  Tinkhrm.*  Rep  ......  Boston 

12.  James  A.   Gallivan,*  Dem  ...........  Boston 

13.  Robert  Luce,  Ren  .................  Waltham 

14.  Richard  Olney,  II,*  Dem  ...........  Dedham 

15.  William  S.  Greene,*  Rep  ........  Fall  River 

16.  Joseph   Walsh,*    Rep  ..........  New  Bedford 

MICHIGAN. 

1.  Frank    E.    Doremus.*    Dem  ..........  Detroit 

2.  Earl  C.  Michener.  Ren  ...............  Adrian 

3.  John  M.  C.  Smith,*  Rep  ...........  Charlotte 

4.  Edward  L.  Hamilton,*  Rep  ............  Nilea 

5.  Carl  E.  Mapes.*  Rep  .........  Grand  Rapids 

6.  Patrick  H.  Kelley,*  Rep  ............  Lansing 

7.  Louis  C.  Cnmton,*  Rep  ............  Lapeer 

8.  Joseph  W.  Fordney.*  Rep  ..........  Saginaw 

9.  James  C.  McLaughlin.*  Rep  .....  Muskegon 

10.  Gilbert    A.    Currie.*    Rep  ...........  Midland 

11.  Frank  D.  Scott.*  Rep  ...............  Alper.a 

12.  W.  Frank  James.*  Rep  ............  Hancock 

13.  Charles  A.  Nichols.*  Rep  ............  Detroit 

MINNESOTA. 

1.  Sydney  Anderson,*  Rep  ..........  Lanesboro 

2.  Franklin  F.  Ellsworth.*  Rep  .....  Mankato 

3.  Charles  R.  Davis.*  Rep  ............  St.  Pet:r 

4.  O.scar  Keller,   Ind  ...................  St.  Pav.l 

5.  W.  H.  Newton.  Rep  ............  Minneapolis 

6.  Harold  Knutson.*  Rep  ............  St.  Cloud 

7.  Andrew  J.  Volstead.*  Rep  ____  Granite  Falls 

8.  W.  L.  Carrs,  Ind  ....................  Proctor 

9.  Halvor  Steenerson,*  Rep  .........  Crookotcn 

10.  Thomas  D,  Schall.*  Rep  ..........  Excelsior 

MISSISSIPPI. 

1.  Ezekiel  S.  Candlcr,*  Dem  .....  .  .....  Corinth 

2.  Hubert  D.  Stephens.*  Dem...fNew  Albany 

3.  Benjamin  G.  Humphreys,*  Dem.  .Greenville 

4.  Thomas  U.  Sisson.*  Dem  ...........  Winor.a 

5.  William  W.  Venable,*  Dem  .......  Meridirn 

6.  P.  B.  Johnson,  D°m  ............  Ilattiesburg 

7.  Percy  E.  Qnin.*  Dem  .........  McComb  City 

8.  James  W.  Collier.*  Dem  .........  Vicksburgr 

MISSOURI. 

1.  Milton  A.  Romjue,*  Dem  ............  Macon 

2.  William  W.  Rucker.*  Dem  ......  Keytesvill} 

3.  Joshua  W.  Alexander.*  Dem  .......  Gallatin 

4.  Charles  F.  Booher.*  Dem  ........  Savan-.r.h 

5.  W.  T.  Bland.  Dem  .............  Kansas  City 

6.  Clement  C.   Dickinson,*  Dem  ........  Clinton 

7.  Sam  C.  Major.   Dem  .................  Fayetto 

S.  William  L.  Nelson.  Dem  ..........  Columbia 
.  Champ  Clark.*  Dem  .........  Bowling  Green 

10.  Cleveland  Newton.  Rep  ...........  St.  Louis 

11.  Williem  L.  Igoe,*  Dem  ............  St.  Loui3 

12.  Leonidas  C.  Dyer.*  Rep  ...........  St.  Lou  a 

13.  Marion  E.  Rhodes.  Rep  .............  Potosi 

14.  Ed  D.   Havs.    Rep  ...........  Cape  Girerdeau 

15.  Isaac  V.  McPherson.  Rep  ............  Aurora 

16.  Thomas  L.  Rubey.*  Dem.....  ......  Lebanon 

MONTANA. 
John  M.  Evans.*  t  D~m  ............  Missoula 

Le 


NEVADA. 

Charles  R.  Evans,  T  Dem Goldfield 

NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 

1.  Sherman  E.   Burroughs,*   Rep.. Manchester 

2.  Edward  H.   Wason,*    Rep Nashua 

NEW  JERSEY. 

1.  William   J.    Browning,*    Rep Camden 

2.  Isaac  Bacharach,  Rep Atlantic  City 

3.  Thomas  J.  Scully,*  Dem South  Amboy 

4.  Elijah  C.   Hutchinson,*    Rep Trenton 

5.  Ernest    R.    Ackerman,    Rep Plainfield 

6.  John  R.  Ramsey,*  Rep Hackensack, 

7.  Amos    H.    RadcHffe,    Rep Paterson 

8.  Cornelius  J.  McGlennon,  Dem .  East  Newark 

9.  Daniel  F.  Minahan,   Dem Orange 

10.  Frederick   R.   Lehlbach,*   Rep Newark 

11.  John  J.   Eagan,*   Dem Weehawken 

12.  James   A.   Hamill,*    Dem Jersey  City 

NEW  MEXICO. 
Benito  C.  Hernandez,!  Rep..Tierra  Amarilla 

NEW  YORK. 
1.  Frederick  C.  Hicks,*  Rep . Port  Washington 

§.  Chas.  Pope  Caldwell,*   Dem ..  .Forest  Hills. 
.  Jolin  McCrate,   Rep....*. Brooklyn 

4.  Thomas  H.  Cullen,  Dem Brooklyn 

5.  John  B.  Johnston,  Dem Brooklyn 

6.  Frederick  W.   Rowe,*    Rep Brooklyn 

7.  J.  P.  Maher,  Dem Brooklyn 

8.  William   E.   Cleary,*    Dern Brooklyn 

9.  David  J.  O'Connell,  Dern Brooklyn 

10.  Reuben  L.  Haskell,*  Rep Brooklyn 

11.  Daniel  J.  Riordan,*  Dem.. .  .Now  York  city 

12.  Henry  M..  Goldfogle,   Dem...  New  York  city 

13.  C.  D.  Sullivan.*  Dem Now  York  city 

14.  F.  H.  LaGuardia,*  Rep New  York  city 

'    Peter  J.  Dooling,*  Dem New  York  city 

Thomas  F.  Smith,*  Dem.  .  ..New  York  city 

17.  Herbert  C.  Pell,  Dem New  York  city 

18.  John  F.  Carew,*  Dem New  York  city 

!  0.  Joseph  Rowan,  Dem New  York  city 

"0.  Isaac  Siegel,*   Rep New  York  cily 

21.  Jerome  F.  Donovan.*  Dem ..  New  York  city 

22.  Anthony  J.  Griffin,*  Dern.  ...Now  York  city 
°3.  Richard  F.  McKiniry,  Dem.. New  York  city 

14.  James  V.  Ganly.  Dem New  York  city 

:5.  James  W.  Husted,*  Rep Peekskill 

26.  Edmund   Platt,*    Rep Poughkeepaie 


27.  Charles  B.  Ward,* 

28.  Rollin  B.    Sanford, 


.Debruce 
ep Albany 


.  Riddick.  t  Rep  ...........  Lewiston 


Carl 


1.  Charles  F.  Reayia.*  Rep  .........  Falls  City 

2.  Albert  W.  J^fferis,  Rep  ..............  Omfiha 

3.  RobTt  E.  Evans.  Ren  .........  Dakota  City 

4.  M.  O.  MoLanerhlin.  R*>n  ...............  York 

5.  William  E.  Andrews.  Rep  .........  Hpstinga 

6.  Moses  P.  Kinkaid.*  Rep  ............  O'Neill 


29.  James  S.   Parker,*   Rep Salem 

*>0.  Frank    Crowther,    Rep Scheneciady 

11.  Bertrand  H.  Sne1!,*  Rep Potsdam 

2.  Luther  W.   Mott.*   R^n.... Oswego 

3.  Homer  P.    Snvder,*    Rep Little  Falls 

:4.  William   H.    Hill,    Ren Johnston  City 

5.  Walter  W.  Magee,*   Ren Syracuse 

.6.  Norman   J.    Gould.*    Ren Seneca  Falls 

7.  Alanson   B.   Houghton,    Rep Corning 

8.  Tbomas   B.   Dunn.*    R~n Rochester 

f).  Archie  D.   Sanders.*    Ren .Stafford 

0.  S.    Wallace   Dempsey,*    Rep Locknort 

1.  Clarence  MacGregor.   Rep Buffalo 

*?.  Jrmr>s  M.  M?r»d.  D"m Buffalo 

43.  Daniel  A.  Reed.  Rep Dunkirk 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

1.  John  H.  Small,*   "D~-\ Washington 

2.  Claude  Kitchin,*   Deni Scotland  Neck 

3.  S.  M.  Brinson,  Dem Newhe-n 

4.  Edvard    W.    Pou,*    Dem Smithfield 

5.  Charles   M.    Stedman,*    Dem Greensboro 

6.  Hannibal   L.    Godwin.*    Dem Dunn 

7.  Leonidas  D.  Robinson,*  Dem  ...Wadesboro 

8.  Robert  L.  Dousrhton.*  Dem.  .Laurel  Snringo 

9.  Edwin   Y.    Webb.*    Dem Shelby 

10.  Zeb  Weaver,*   Dem Asheville 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

1.  John  M.  Baer.*  Ren Fargo 

2.  George   M.    Youner,*   Rep Valley  City 

3.  J.   H.    Sinclair,    Pen Kenmare 

OHIO. 

1.  Nicholas    Longworth.*    Rep Cincinnati 

2.  A.  E.   B.  Stephens,  Rep North  Bend 


396 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


3.  Warren   Gard,*    Dem Hamilton 

t.  Benjamin  F.   Welly,*    Dem Lima 
.  C.  J.  Thompson,   Kep Defiance 

6.  Charles   C.    Kearns,*    Rep Batavia 

7    Simeon  D.  Fess,*   Rep Yellow  Springs 

8.  R.  Clint  Cole.  Rep FindJay 

9.  Isaac   R.    Sherwood,*   Dem Toledo 

10.  I    M.   Foster,   Rep Athens 

11-  Edwin   D.    Ricketts,    Rep Logan 

12.  Clement    Brumbaugh,*     Dem Columbus 

13.  J.  T.  Begg,   Rep Sandusky 

14.  Martin  L.   Davey.   Dem Kent 

15.  C.    Ellis   Moore,    Rep Cambridge 

16.  Roscoe   C.    McCullocli,*    Rep Canton 

17.  William  A.  Ashbrook,*  Dem Johnstown 

18.  Frank  Murphy.  Rep Steubenville 

19.  John   G.    Cooper,*    Rep Youngstown 

20.  Charles  A.  Mooney,  Dem Cleveland 

21.  John  J.  Babka,  Dem Cleveland 

22.  Henry  I.  Emerson.*   Rep Cleveland 

OKLAHOMA. 

1.  E    B.   Howard.   Dem Tulsa 

2.  William  W.   Hastings.*  Dem Tahlequah 

3.  Charles  D.    Carter,*   Dem Ardmoro 

4.  Tom  D.  McKeown.*  Dem Ada 

5.  J.    W.  Harreid.'Rep Oklahoma   City 

6.  Scott   Ferris,*    Dem Lawton 

7.  James  V.  McClintic.*  Dem Snyder 

8.  Dick  T.  Morgan.*  Rep Woodward 

OREGON. 

1.  Willis   C.   Hawley,*   Rep Salem 

2.  Nicholas  J.  Smnott,*   Rep The  Dalles 

3.  Clifton  N.  McArthur,*  Rep Portland 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Thomas  S.   Crago.*t   Rep Waynesburg 

Mahlon  M.  Garland.  *t  Rep Pittsburgh 

William    J.    Burke.t   Rep Pittsburgh 

Anderson  H.  Walters,!  Rep Johnstown 

1.  William  S.   Vare,*    Rep Philadelphia 


George  S.  Graham.*  Rep. 

J.  Hampton  Moore.*  Rep. 
4.  George  W.  Edmonds,*  Re 
6.  Peter  E.  Costello.*  Rep. 

6.  George  P.   Darrow.*   Rep. 

7.  Thomas  S.   Butler.*   Rep. 


...Philadelphia 
...Philadelphia 
...Philadelphia 
...Philadelphia 
...Philadelphia 
...West  Chester 


8.  Henry    W    Watson,*    Rep Langhorne 

9.  William  W.   Griest.*    Rep Lancaster 

10.  Patrick  McLane.   Dem Scranton 

11.  John   J.    Casey,    Dem Wilkes-Barre 

12.  John    Reber.    Rep Pottsville 

13.  Arthur  G.   Dewalt.*  Dem Allentown 

14.  Louis  T.  McFadden.*   Rep Canton 

15.  Edgar    R.    Kiess,*    Rep Williamsport 

16.  John  V.  Lesher.*  Dem Sunbury 

17.  Benjamin  K.  Focht.*   Rep Lewisburg 

18.  Aaron  S.  Kreider,*   Rep Annville 

19.  John    M.    Rose,*    Rep Johnstown 

20.  Edward  S.  Brooks.  Rep York 

21.  Evan  J.   Jones.    Rep Bradford 

22    John  H.   Wilson.   Dem Butler 

23.  S.    A.    Kendall.    Rep Meyersdale 

24.  Henry  W.  Temple,*  Rep Washington 

25.  Milton    M.    Shreve.    Rep Erie 

26.  Henry  J.    Stoele.*   Dem Eas*on 

27.  Nathan    L.    Strong,*    Rep Brookville 

28.  Willis    J.    Hulinsrs,    Ren Oil  City 

29.  Stephen  G    Porter.*   Rep Pittsburgh 

30.  M.  Clyde  Kellv.*   Rep Braddonk 

31.  John  M.  Morin,*  Rep Pittsburgh 

32.  Guy  E.    Campbell,*    Dem Crafton 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

1.  Clark   Burdiok.    Rep     Newport 

2.  Walter  R.  Stiness.*  Rep Cow^ett 

3.  Ambrose  Kennedy,*    Rep Woonsocket 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

1.  Richard    S     Whaley,*    Dem Charleston 

2.  James   F.    Byrnes.*    Dem Aiken 

3.  Fred  H.  Dominick.*  Dem Newberry 

4.  Samuel  J    Nirholls.*  Dem Spartanbur? 

5    William  F.  Stevenson.*  Dem Cheraw 

6.  J    Willard  Raersdale.*   Dem Florence 

7.  Asbury  F.   Lever,*   Dem Lexington 


10. 


SOUTH  DAKOTA. 
C.  Christopherson,  Rep  ......  Sioux  Falls 

Royal  C.  Johnson,*  Rep  ..........  Aberdeen 

Harry  L.  Gandy,*  Dem  ..........  Rapid  City 

TENNESSEE. 
Sam  R.  Sells,*  Rep  ............  Johnson  City 

J.   Will  Taylor,   Rep  .............  LaFollette 

John  A.  Moon,*  Dem  ..........  Chattanooga 

Cordell    Hull,*    Dem  ............    Carthage 

E.   L.    Davis,   Dem  ..............  Tullahoma 

Joseph   W.   Byrns,*    Dem  .........  Nashville 

Lemuel  P.   Padgett,*   Dem  ........  Columbia 

Thetus   W.    Sims,*    Dem  ............  Linden 

Finis  J.   Garrett,*   Dem  ............  Dresden 

Hubert  F.  Fisher,*  Dem  ...........  Memphis 

TEXAS. 
Eugene    Black,*    Dem  ............  Clarksville 

John  C.  Box,  Dem  ............  Jacksonville 

James    Young,*    Dem  .............  Kaufman 

Sam   Rayburn.*  Dem  .............  Bonham 

Hatton  W.    Summers,*    Dem  ........  Dallas 

Rufus    Hardy,*    Dem  .............  Corsicana 

Clay  S.   Briggs,  Dem  ............  Galveston 

Joe    H.    Eagle,*    Dem  ..............  Houston 

Joseph  J.   Mansfield,*   Dem  ......  Columbus 

James   P.    Buchanan,*    Dem  .......  Brenham 

Tom    Connally,*    Dem  ...............  Marlin 

Fritz    G.   Lanham.    Dem  .........  Fort  Worth 

Lucien  W.   Parrish,   Dem  .........  Henrietta 

Carlos    Bee,    Dem  ..............  San  Antonio 

John    N.    Garner,*    Dem  ..........  Uvald* 

Claude  Hudspeth,  Dem  .............  El  Paso 

Thoma*  L.  Blanton.*  Dem  .........  Abilene 

Marvin    Jones,*    Dem  ............  AmariUo 

UTAH. 
Milton  H.  Welling,*  Dem  ......  Fielding 

James    H.    Mays.*    Dem  ____  Salt  Lake  City 

VERMONT. 
Frank  L.  Greene,*  Rep  ........  St.  Albana 

Porter  H.  Dale,*  Rep  ..........  Island  Pond 

VIRGINIA. 

Schtiyler  Otis  Bland,*  Dem.  .Newport  New» 
Edward  E.   Holland,*   Dem  ..........  Suffolk 

Andrew  J.  Montague,*  Dem  ......  Richmond 

W.  A.  Watson,*  Dem  ----  Jennings  Ordinary 

Edward  W.    Saunders.*    Dem.  .Rockymount 
James  P.   Woods.   Dem  .............  Roanoke 

Thomas  W.   Harrison.*    Dem  ____  Winchester 

.  Robert*  W.    Moore.    Dem  ............  Fairfax 

C.  Bascom  Slemp,*  Rep  ......  Big  Stone  Gap 

Henry  D.  Flood,*  Dem  ........  Appomattoz 

WASHINGTON. 
John  F.  Miller.*    Rep  ................  Seattle 

Lindley  H.   Hadley.*  Rep  ......  Bellingham 

Albert   Johnson.*   Rep  .............  Hoquiam 

J.   W.   Summers,    Rep  .........  Walla  Walla 

J.   S.   Webster,   Rep  ...............  Spokane' 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 
M.    M.    Neely.*    Dem  ..............  Fairmont 

George  M.   Bowers.*    Rep  .....  Martinsburgr 

Stuart  F.  Reed.*   Rep  ..........  Clarksburg1 

Harry   C.    Woodyard,*    Rep  .........  Spencer 

Wells  Goodykountz.   Rep  ......  Williamson 

L.  S.  Echols,   Rep  ................  Charleston 

WISCONSIN. 
.  C.    E     Randall,    Ren  ................  Kenosha 

.  Edward     Voigt,*     Rep  ..........  Sheboygan 

.   J.   G.  Monahan,  Rep  ............  Darlington 

.  John  C.  Kleczka.  Rep  ............  Milwaukee 

.   Victor  Berger.   Soc  ..............  Milwaukee 

.  Fiona  n  La  mpert.  Rep  ..............  Oshkosh 

.  John  J    F«=ch  *  Ren  ...............  LaCrosse 

.   Edward    E.    Browne.*    Rep  ........  Waupaca 

.  David  G.  Classon.*  Rep  .............  Oconto 

.   James    A.    Frear.*    Rep  .............  Hudson 

.  A.  P.  Nelson.  Rep  ...............  Grantsbunr 

WYOMING. 
Frank  W.  Mondell.*t  Rep  ........  Newcaitl* 


Geo.   B.   Grig-sby    (deleg-ate). 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


397 


HAWAII. 

J.   Kuhio   Kalanianaole.*   Rep Waikiki 

PHILIPPINES. 

Jaime  C.  De  Veyra.*  Nat Leyte 

Teodoro  R.  Yang-co.*  Nat Zambales 

PORTO  RICO. 

Felix  Cordova  Davila.*   Un Manati 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  SENATE. 

President — Thomas  R.  Marshall. 

President  Pro  Tempore — Albert  B.  Cummins. 

Chaplain— The  Rev.  Forrest  J.  Prettyman. 

Secretary — George  A.  'Sanderson. 

Sergeant  at  Arms— David  S.  Barry. 
OFFICERS  OF  THE  HOUSE. 

Speaker— Frederick  H.  Gillett. 

Chaplain— The  Rev.  Henry  N.  Coudon. 

Clerk— William  Tyler  Page. 

Sergeant   at  Arms — J.  G.  Rogers. 

Doorkeeper— Bert  W.  Kennedy. 

SENATE  COMMITTEES. 

Only  the  chairmen  are  named  except  in  the 
ease  of  3  few  of  the  more  important  commit- 
tees, of  which  the  full  membership  is  given. 

Agriculture — Asle  J.  Gronna.    (N.  Dak.). 

Appropriations — Francis  E.  Warren.  (Wyo.), 
chairman:  Reed  Smoot.  Wesley  L.  Jones. 
Charles  Curtis,  William  S.  Keny on,  Lawrence  Y. 
Sherman.  Asle  J.  Gronna.  Frederick  Hale.  Sel- 
den  P.  Spencer."  Lawrence  C.  Phipps.  Truman 
H.  Newberry.  Thomas  S.  Martin.  Lee  S.  Over- 
man. Robert  L.  Owen.  John  W.  Smith.  Charles 
A.  Culberson.  Oscar  W.  Underwood.  Marcus  A. 
Smith.  Edward  J.  Gay.  William  J.  Harris. 

Audit  and  Control— William  M.  Calder  (N.  Y.) . 

Banking  and  Currency— George  P.  McLean 
(Connj. 

Canadian  Relations— Frederick  Hale  (Me.). 

Census— Howard  Sutherland   (W.  Va.). 

Civil  Service  and  Retrenchment— Thomas 
Sterling  (S.  Dak.). 

Claims— Selderi  P.  Spencer   (Mo.). 

Coast  and  Insular  Survey— Walter  E.  Edge 
(N.  J.). 

Coast  Defenses — Joseph  S<  Frelinghuysen 
(N.  J.). 

Commerce— Wesley  L.  Jones  (Wash.),  chair- 
man; Knute  Nelson,  Lawrence  Y.  Sherman, 
Warren  G.  Harding,  Bert  M.  Fernald.  William 
M.  Calder,  Irvine  L.  Lenroot,  LeBaron  B. 
Colt.  Charles  L.  McNary.  L.  Heisler  Ball.  Walter 
E.  Edge.  Duncan  U.  Fletcher.  George  E.  Cham- 
berlain, Joseph  E.  Ransdell,  Morns  Sheppard. 
Thomas  S.  Martin.  John  H.  Bankhead.  Furni- 
fold  M.  Simmons,  James  A.  Reed.  William  F. 
Kirby. 

Conservation  and  National  Resources— Ellison 
D.  Smith  (S.  C.) . 

Cuban  Relations— Hiram  W.  Johnson  (Calif.). 

District  of  Columbia — Lawrence  Y.  Sherman 

Education  and  Labor— William  S.  Kenyon 
(Iowa). 

Expenditures  —  Agriculture.  Arthur  Capper 
(Kan.)  ;  commerce,  Davis  Elkins  (W.  Va.)  ;  in- 
terior department,  John  H.  Bankhead.  Ala- 
bama ;  department  of  justice,  -Thomas  P.  Gore 
lOkla.)  :  department  of  labor,  Med  11  McCo~- 
mick  (111.)  :  navy  department.  Claude  A.  Swan- 
son  (Va.)  ;  postoffice  department.  Henry  W. 
Keyes  (N.  H.)  ;  department  ol  state.  Lawrence 
C.  Phipps  (Col.)  ;  treasury  department.  Hoke 
Smith  (Ga.)  :  war  department.  George  E. 
Chamberlain  (Ore.). 

Finance— Boies  Penrose  (Pa.),  chairman;  Por- 
ter J.  JVlcCumber,  Reed  Smoot,  Robert  M.  La 
Follette.  William  P.  Dillingham.  Gaorge  P.  Mc- 
Lean. Charles  Curtis.  James  E.  Watson.  Wil- 
liam M.  Calder.  Howard  Sutherland,  Furnifold 
M.  Simmons.  John  Sharp  WilLams,  Charles  S. 
Thomas.  Thomas  P.  Gore,  A.  A.  Jones.  Peter 
G.  Gerry.  John  F.  Nugent. 

Fisheries— Truman   H.   Newberry    (Mich.). 

Five  Civilized  Tribes  of  Indians— Robert  L. 
Owen  (Okla.). 


Foreign  Relations  —  Henry  Cabot  Lodge, 
(Mass.).  chairman:  Porter  J.  McCumber.  Wil- 
liam E.  Borah.  Frank  B.  Brandegee,  Albert  B. 
Fall.  Philander  C.  Knox,  Warren  G.  Harding. 
Hiram  W.  Johnson.  Harry  S.  New.  George  E. 
Moses.  Gilbert  M.  Hitchcock.  John  Sharp  Wil- 
liams. Claude  A.  Swanson,  Atlee  Pomerene, 
Marcus  A.  Smith,  Key  Pittman.  JohnK.  Shields. 

Forest  Reservations  and  Protection  of  Game 
—Gilbert  M.  Hitchcock  (Neb.). 

Geological  Survey — Majrcus  A.  Smith   (Ariz.). 

Immigration — LeBaron  B.   Colt    (R.  I.). 

Indian   Affairs— Charles   Curtis    (Kas.). 

Indian  Depredations — Henry  L.  Myers  (Mont.). 

Industrial  Expositions — Key  Pittman    (Nev.). 

Interoceanic  Canals—  William  E.  Borah. 
(Idaho). 

Interstate  Commerce — Albert  B.  Cummins 
(Iowa). 

Irrigation  and  Reclamation  of  Arid  Lands — 
Charles  L.  McNary  (Ore.). 

Judiciary— Knute  Nelson  (Minn.). 

Library— Frank  B.  Brandegee    (Conn.). 

Manufactures-^Robert  M.  La  Follette  (Wis.) . 

Military  Affairs — James  W.  Wadsworth.  Jr. 
(N.  Y.).  chairman:  Francis  E.  Warren.  How- 
ard Sutherland.  Harry  S.  New.  Joseph  S.  Fre- 
linghuysen. Hiram  W.  Johnson.  Philander  C. 
Knox.  Irvine  L.  Lenroot.  Selden  P.  Spencer. 
Arthur  Capper.  George  E.  Chamberlain.  Gilbert 
M.  Hitchcock.  Duncan  U.  Fletcher,  Henry  L. 
Myers.  Charles  S.  Thomas.  Morris  Sheppard. 
J.  C.  W.  Beckham,  William  F.  Kirby.  Kenneth 

Mines  and  Mining— Miles  Poindexter  (Wash.). 

Mississippi  River  and  Its  Tributaries — Joseph 
E.  Ransdell  (La.). 

National   Banks— Frank  B.  Kellogg    (Minn.). 

Naval  Affair*-Carroll  S.  Page  (Vt  ).  chair- 
man; Boies  Penrose,  Henry  Cabot  Lodge.  M  lea 
Poindexter.  Frederick  Hale.  L.  Heisier  Ball. 
Medill  McCormick.  Truman  H.  Newberry. 
Henry  W.  Keyes.  Claude  A.  Swanson.  John 
Walter  Smith.  James  D.  Phelan.  Key  Pittman. 
Thomas  J.  Walsh,  Peter  G.  Gerry.  Park  Tram- 
mell.  William  H.  King. 

Pacific    Islands    and    Porto    Rico— Albert    B. 

Pacific  Railroads — Charles  S.  Thomas   (Col.). 
Patents — George  W.  Norr  s   (Neb.). 
Pensions— Peter    J.    McCumber      (N.     Dak.), 
chairman:  Reed  Smoot,  Miles  Poindexter.  Law- 

rce  Y.  Sherman.  Harry  S.  New.  Davis  Elkins. 
Heisler  Ball.  Thomas  J.  Waksh.  Edwin  S. 
Johnson.  James  D.  Phelan.  William  H.  King1. 
Edward  J.  Gay.  David  I.  Walsh. 

Philippines— William  G.  Harding   (Oh:o). 

Postoffices  and  Post  Roads — Charles  E. 
Townsend  CMich.). 

Printing— George  H.  Moses    (N.  H.). 

Private  Land  Claims — Charles  A.  Culberson, 
(Tex.). 

Privileges  and  Elections— William  P.  Dilling- 
ham (Vt.). 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds — Bert  M.  Fer- 
nald (Me.). 

Public  Health  and  National  Quarantine- 
Joseph  I.  France  (Md.) . 

Public  Lands— Reed  'Smoot.  Utah. 

Railroads— Irvine  L.  Lenroot  (Wis.).  chair- 
man; Henry  Cabot  Lodge.  Francis  E.  Wa/rren. 
W;lliam  P.  Dillingham,  Lawrence  C.  Phipps. 
Truman  H.  Newberry,  Peter  G.  Gerry.  James 
A.  Reed.  Marcus  A.  Smith.  John  Sharp  Wil- 
liams, Ellison  D.  Smith. 

Revolutionary     Claims  —  Morris      Sheppard 

Rules— Philander  C.  Knox  (Pa.). 

Standards.  Weights  and  Measures— James  A. 
Reed  (Mo.). 

Territories — Harry  S.  New    (Ind.). 

Transportat.on  Routes  to  Seaboard — Duncan 
U.  Fletcher  (Fla.). 

Transportation  and  Sale  of  Meat  Products- 
John  K.  Shields  (Tenn.) . 

University  of  the  United  States-^John  Sharp 
Williams'  (Miss.). 

Woman  'Suffrage-^James  E.  Watson  (Ind.). 
chairman:  Wesley  L.  Jones.  Knute  Nelson.  Al- 
bert B.  Cummins.  Hiram  W.  Johnson.  A.  A, 


.398 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Jones.    Robert   L.    Owen.   Joseph   E.   Ransdell, 
Edwin  S.  Johnson. 

COMMITTEES  OF  THE  HOUSE. 

Accounts — ciiiioid  Ireland   (lil.j. 

Agriculture— Gilbert  N.  Haugen   (Iowa). 

AiconoiiC  .Luiuor  Traihc — Acioieon  T.  Smith 
(Idaho),  chairman;  J.  M.  C.  Smith.  Thomas  D. 
Schall.  James  H.  Sinclair,  James  G.  btrong. 
William  D.  Upehaw,  John  C.  Box 

Appropriations  —  James     W. 


Good     (Iowa), 
illi, 


chairman;  Charles  R.  Davis,  William  S.  Vare, 
Joseph  G.  Cannon,  J.  Baecom  biemp.  William 
R.  Wood,  Louis  C.  Cramton,  Edward  H.  Mason, 
Wai  tec  W.  Magee.  George  H.  Tinkham.  Burton 
L.  French.  MLton  W.  Shrove,  Charles  F.  Ogd  n, 
Joseph  W.  Byrns,  Taomas  U.  Siseon,  James  Mc- 
Andrews,  John  M'.  Evans.  John  J.  Eagan, 
James  P.  Buchanan.  James  A.  Gallivan,  James 
F.  Byrnes. 

Banking  and  Currency— Edmund  Platt  (N.  Y.) . 

Census— Charles  A.  Nichols    (Mich.). 

Claims — George  W.   Edmonds    (Pa.). 

Coinage.  Weights  and  Measures— Albert  H. 
Vestal  (Ind.). 

District  of  Columbia— Carl  E.  Mapes  (Mich.) . 

Education — Simeon  D.   Fcss    (Ohio) . 

Election  of  President.  Vice-President  and  Rep- 
resentatives in  Congress— Florian  Lamport 
(Wis.). 

Elections  No.  1— Frederick  W.  Dallinger 
(Mass.). 

Elections  No.  2— Louis  B.  Goodall  (Me.). 

Elect  ens  No.  3— Cassius  C.  Dowell   (Iowa). 

Enrolled  Bills— John  R.  Ramsey   (N.  J.). 

Expenditures  —  Department  of  agriculture, 
John  M.  Baer  (N.  Dak.)  ;  departnvent  of  com- 
merce. Thomas  S.  Williams  (111.)  ;  interior  de- 
partment. Aaron  S.  Kreidcr  (Pa.)  :  department 
of  justice.  Wallace  W.  White,  Jr.  (Me.)  •  de- 
partment of  labor,  Anderson  H.  Walters  (Pa.)  ; 
navy  department,  Reuben  L.  Haskell  (N.  Y.)  : 
postofnce  department.  Frederick  N.  Zihlman 
(Md.) ;  state  department.  Richard  N.  Elliott 
(Ind.) ;  treasury  department.  Porter  H.  Dale 
(Vt.) ;  war  department,  William  J.  Graham 
(111.)  ;  public  bu  Idings,  Ira  G.  Kersey  (Mr) . 

Flood  Control— William  A.  Rodenberg   (111.). 

Foreign  Affairs— Stephen  G.  Porter  (Pa.). 
chairman;  John  Jacob  Rogers,  Henry  W.  Tem- 
ple. Ambrose  Kennedy.  Edward  E.  Brown?, 
Merrill  Moores.  William  E.  Mason.  William  H. 
Newton.  L.  J.  Dickinson,  Ernest  R.  Ackerman, 
Frank  L.  Smith,  James  T.  Begg,  Alanson  B. 
Houghton.  Henry  D.  Flood,  J.  Charles  Linthi- 
cum.  William  S.  Goodw.n.  Charles  M.  Sted- 
man,  Adolph  J.  Sabath,  George  Huddleston. 
Tom  Connally,  Them:  s  F.  Smith. 

Immigration  and  Naturalization— Albert  John- 
son (Wash.). 

Indian  Affairs— Homer  P.  Snyder  (N.  Y.) . 

Industrial  Arts  and  Expositions— Oscar  E. 
Bland  (Ind.). 

Insular  Affairs — Horace  M.  Towner  (Iowa). 

Interstate  and  Foreign  ^Commerce — John  J. 
Each  (Wis.) . 

Invalid  Pensions — Charles  E.  Fuller  (HI.), 
chairman:  John  W.  Langley.  Moses  P.  Kinkaid, 
Reuben  L.  Haskoll,  Oscar  E.  Bl^nd,  Thonms  S. 
Williams,  Edwin  D.  Ricketts.  Willis  J.  Hulings, 
Edward  D.  Hayes.  Isaac  R.  Sherwood,  William 
A.  Ashbrook,  Augn&t.ne  Lonergan.  David  J. 
O'Connell,  William  T.  Bland,  Patrick  McLane. 

Irrigation  of  Arid  Lands— Moses  P.  Kinkaid 
(Neb.). 

Judiciary— Andrew  J.  Volstead    (Minn.) 

Labo^-J.  M.  C.  Smith   (Mich.). 

Library — Norman  J.  Gould   (N.  Y.). 

Merchant  Marine  and  Fisheries — Will' am  S. 
Oneene  (Mass.).  chairman ;  George  W.  Ed- 
monds, Frederick  W.  Rowe.  Frank  D.  Scott. 
Wallace  H.  White.  Jr.;  Frederick  R.  Lehlbach. 
Sherman  E.  Burroue-hs,  Charles  F.  Curry.  Ed- 
win D.  Ricketts,  Carl  R.  Chindblom,  Frank 
Crowther.  Clifford  E.  Randall.  William  N. 
Andrews.  Joshua  W.  Alexander,  Rufus  Hardy, 
Edward  W.  Saunders,  Peter  J.  Dooling.  Ladislas 
Lazaro.  David  H.  Kincheloe.  William  B.  Bank- 
head.  William  C.  Wright. 

Mileage-^Iohn  A.  Elston    (Calif.). 


Military  Affairs— Julius  Kahn  (Calif.),  chair- 
man; Daniel  R.  Antnony.  John  C.  McKenzie. 
Frank  L.  Greene.  John  M.  Morin.  Thomas  S. 
Crago.  Harry  E.  Hull.  Rollin  B.  Sanford,  W. 
Frank  James.  Charles  C.  Kearns.  Aivan  T. 
Fuller.  Fiorello  H.  LaGuard.a.  John  F.  Millir. 
S.  Hubert  Dent.  Jr.;  William  J.  Fields,  Percy 

E.  Quin.  Charles  P.  Caldwell.  James  W.  Wise, 
Richard   Olney.   Thomas  W.   Harrison,   Hubert 

F.  Fisher. 

Mines  and  Mining— Mahlon  M.  Garland  (Pa.). 

Naval  Affairs— Thomas  S.  Butler  (Pa.),  chair- 
man; William  J.  Browning,  Fred  A.  Bntten. 
Patrick  H.  Kelley,  Sydney  E.  Mudd.  John  A. 
Peters.  Frederick  C.  Hicks.  Clilton  N.  McAr- 
thur.  George  P.  Darrow,  Milton  Kraus.  W.  W. 
Lufkin.  Ambrose  E.  B.  Stephen.  Isaac  V.  Me. 
Pherson.  Lemuel  P.  Padgett,  Daniel  J.  Riordan. 
William  B.  Oliver,  William  W.  Venable.  Carl 
Vinson,  William  Kettner.  William  A.  Ayres. 
Samuel  J.  Nichols. 

Patents— John  I.   Nolan    (Calif.). 

Pensions— Sam  R.  Sells  (Tenn.).  chairman: 
Edgar  R.  Kiess,  Harold  Knutson.  Anderson  H. 
Walters.  Wallace  H.  White.  Jr.;  John  M.  Robi- 
son.  R.  Clint  Cole,  Jonn  C.  Kloczka.  James  V. 
•McClintic.  James  M.  Mead,  Cornelius  A.  Me. 
Glennon.  John  H.  Wilfon,  John  H.  Smithwick. 
William  D.  Upshaw,  Willi?m  L.  Carss. 

Postoffice  and  Poet  Roads— Halvor  Steener- 
son  (Minn.) . 

Prnting— Edgar  B.  Kiess    (Pa.). 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds — John  W. 
langley  (Ky.). 

Public  Lands— Nicholas  J.  Sinnott  (Ore.)  . 

Railways  and  Canals— Loren  E.  Wheeler 
(HI.),  chairman:  Louis  B.  Goodall.  Frederick 
R.  Lehlbach.  John  S.  Benham.  James  G.  Mona- 
hant  FdwaM  S.  Brooks,  Charles  J.  Thompson. 
Benjamin  F.  Welty.  Herbert  J.  Drane.  Hanni- 
bal L.  Godwin.  Thomas  H.  Cullen.  Patrick 
McLane. 

Reform  in  the  Civil  Service— Fred*rick  R. 
Lehlbach  (N.  J.). 

Revision  of  the  Laws— Edward  C.  Little 
(Kas.). 

Rivers 

Roads— Thomas  B.  Dunn   (N.  Y.). 

Rules— PhiliD  P.  'Campbell    (Kas.). 

Territories— Charles  F.  Curry    (Calif.). 

War  Claims— Benjamin  K.  Focht   (Pa.). 

War  Department  (Select  Committee  on  Ex- 
pend tures  in)— William  J.  Graham  (HI.). 

Water  Power  (Select)— John  J.  Esch   (Wig.). 

W?ys  and  Means— ^Joseph  W.  Fordney 
(Mich.),  chairman:  J.  Hampton  Moore.  Wil- 
Mam  R.  Green.  Nicholas  Long-worth.  Willis  C. 
Hawley.  Allen  T.  Treadway,  Ira  C.  Copley. 
Luther  W.  Mott.  George  M.  Young.  James  A. 
Frear.  John  Q.  Tilson.  Isaac  Bacharach.  Lind- 
ley  H.  Hadley.  Charles  B.  Timbarlake,  George 
M.  Bowers.  Clande  Kitchin.  Henry  T.  Rainey. 
Cordell  Hull.  John  M.  Garner.  James  W.  Col- 
lier. Clement  C.  Diekinson.  Will' am  A.  Oldfield. 
Charles  R.  Crisp,  John  F.  Carew.  Whitmell  P. 
M-^tin. 

Woman  Suffrage — James  R.  Mann  (HI.). 
ehairman:  Edward  C.  Little,  Richard  N.  Elliott. 
John  I.  Nolan.  Geo^e  W.  Edmonds,  Sherman 
E.  Burroughs,  -Arlolrhus  P.  Nelson.  John  Mae- 
Crate.  John  E.  Raker.  Frank  Clark.  James  H. 
Mays.  Christopher  D.  Sullivan,  Thomas  L. 
Blanton. 

AMERICAN  TRADE  COMMISSIONER  TO 
POLAND. 

Louis  E.  Van  Norman  was  appointed  the  first 
trade  commissioner  to  Poland  by  the  bureau 
of  foreign  and  domestic  commerce,  department 
of  commerce.  Washington.  D.  C.,  Oct.  13,  1919. 
Mr.  Van  Norman  had  just  completed  a  survey 
of  the  situation  in  Roumania.  He  is  the  au- 
thor of  "Poland,  the  Knight  Among  Nations," 
and  numbers  among  his  personal  friends  some 
of  the  best  known  Polish  leaders.  Duringr  the 
war  he  WPS  identified  with  the  war  trade  board 
in  Washington. 


and     Harbors— Charles    A.     Kennedy 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


399 


SJnitcU  States  Qiplomattc  anS  Consular  Scriricc. 


Explanation— A.    E.    &    P..     ambassador    ex- 
traordinary   and    plenipotentiary:  .E.    E.    &    M. 


P      envoy    extraordinary    and    minister    pleni- 
potentiary;   M.    R..    minister    resident;    M.    R. 
Country.  Representative. 


DIPLOMATIC   SERVICE    (NOV.   1,   1919). 

&   C.-G ,    minister   resident    and  consul-general. 
Appointed  by  the  president  and  confirmed  by 


the  senate. 


Location.     Appointed  from.     Salary. 


.  .  .  . 

Argentine  Republic  Fredk.  J.  Stimson,  Mass.,   A.  E.  &  P.  .Buenos     Aires  .....  Maryland     $17.500 


Sumner  Welles,   2d  Sec  .................  Buenos    Aires....  New    York 

Belgium  ..........  Brand  Whitlock,  A.  E.  &  P  ............  Brussels  ................  Ohio 

Norman  Armour,   2d  Sec  ...............  Brussels  .........  New     Jersey 

Bolivia          .......  (Vacancy)      ..............................  La    Paz  ........................ 

Brazil  '.  .......  .Edwin  V.  Morgan,  A.  E.  &  P  .......  Rio  de  Janeiro.  .New  York 

G.    Cornell   Tarler.   Sec.   of   Emb  .....  Rio  de  Janeiro..  New   York 

Craig-  W.  Wadsworth,  Sec.  of  Emb.  ..Rio  de  Janeiro..  New  York 
Bui-aria  •  •  Charles  J.  Vopicka.  E.  E.  &  M.  P  ----  Bukhareet  ...........  Illinois 


2.000 
17,500 

2.000 
10,000 
17.500 

2.625 

2,625 
10.000 
17,500 

2.625 
12,000 

2.625 


.  .  Joseph  H.  Shea.  A.  E.  &  P Santiago     Indiana 

W.  D.  Robbins.  Sec.  of  Emb Santiago     ....Massachusetts 

China        (Vacancy),  E.  E.  &  M.  P Pekin 

Willing  Spencer,  Sec.  of  Emb Pekin     Pennsylvania 

Com.  I.  V.  G.  Gillis.  Nav.  Att Pekin    Navy 

Lieut.-Col.  W.  S.  Drysdale,  Mil.  Att. .Pekin    Army        

Colombia Hoffman  Philip.  E.  E.  &  M.  P Bogota New    York  10,000 

Costa  Rica Edward  J.  Hale.  E.  E.  &  M.  P San   Jose North   Carolina  10.000 

Cuba    William  E.  Gonzales.  E.  E.  &  M.  P. . .  Havana South     Carolina  12,000 

Rutherford  Bingham,  2d  Sec.  of  Leg. Havana.. Dist.    of    Columbia  2.000 

Czecho-Slovakia Richard  Crane.   E.  E.   &  M.  P Prague    Illinois  12.000 

Denmark    Norman  Hapgood.  E.  E.  &  M.  P Copenhagen New    York  10.000 

U.  Grant  Smith,  Couns.  of  Leg Copenhagen     ..Pennsylvania  3,000 

Robert  B.  Davis.  2d  Sec.  of  Leg Copenhagen     Virginia  2.000 

Dominican  Republic Wm.  W.  Russell.  M.  R.  &  C -G Santo   Domingo. Dist.  Col'bia  10.000 

VniTador               Charles  S.  Hartman,  E.  E.  &  M.  P...  Quito     Montana  10.000 

Prance      .".. Hugh  C.   Wallace.  A.  E.  &  P Paris     Washington  17.500 

R.  W.  Bliss.   Couns.  of  Emb Paris    New    York  3,000 

A.   H.   Frazier,   Couns.   of  Emb Paris     Pennsylvania  8.000 

Hugh  S.  Gibson,   Sec.  of  Emb Paris     California  3,000 

William  W    Andrews,   Sec  of  Emb...  Paris     Ohio  2.625 

Jefferson  Caffrey.    Sec.    of   Emb Paris     Louisiana  2,625 

Frederick  A.   Sterling.   Sec.   of  E,nb.. Paris     Texas  2.625 

Benjamin  Thaw.  Jr..  2d  Sec.  of  Emb.  Paris    Pennsylvania  2,000 

Maj.   B.  H.  Warburton.  Mil.  Att Paris     Army  

Rear-Admiral  A.  T.  Long.  Nav.  Att..  Paris     Navy  

Great  Britain John  William  Davis.  A.  E.  &  P London    Weet  Virginia  17.500 

I.  B.  Laughlin,  Couns.  of  Emb London     Pennsylvania  3.000 

J.  Butler  Wright.  Couns.  of  Emb London    New   York  3.000 

Edward  Bell.  Sec.  of  Emb London    Nevada  2,625 

E.   C.    Shoecraft.  2d  Sec.   of  Emb. ...  London     Missouri  2.000 

John  F.  Martin.  Jr.,  2d  Sec.  of  Emb. London     Florida  2,000 

Fred  L.  Mayer.   2d  Sec.  of  Emb London     Indiana  2,000 

Rear-Admiral  H.  S.  Knapp,  Nav.  Att. London     Navy        

Col.  O.  N.  Solbert,  Mil.  Att London    Army        

Greece Garett  Droppers,  E.  E.  &  M.  P Athens     Mappr-chusetts  10.000 

Guatemala William  H.  Leavell,  E.  E.  &  M.  P..  .Guatemala     Mississippi  10.000 

Haiti     Arthur    Bailly-Blanchard.  E.  E.  &  M.  P.Port   au    Prince.  ..Louisiana  10.000 

Honduras T.  Sambola  Jones.  E.  E.  &  M.  P Tegucigalpa     Louisiana  10,000 

Italy Thomas  Nelson  Page,  A.  E.  &  P Rome     Virginia  17,500 

Peter  A.  Jay.  Couns.  of  Emb Rome    Rhod?    Island  3.000 

N.    Richardson.    Sec.   of  Emb Rome     Mississippi  2.625 

Sheldon    L.    Crosby.    Sec.    Emb Rome    New    York  3.000 

Capt.  Joseph  M.  Reeves,  Nav.  Att. ..Rome     Navy        

Lieut.-Col.  M.  C.  Buckey.  Mil.  Att ...  Rome     Army        

Japan Roland  S.  Morris.   A.  E.   &  P Tokyo     Pennsylvania  17.500 

John  Van  A.  MacMurray.  Couns.  Emb. Toyko   ...Dist.  of  Columbia  3.000 

Capt.   E.   H.  Watson.   Nav.  Att Tokyo     Navy        

Lieut.-Col.  Karl  F.  Baldwin.  Mil.  Att. Tokyo     Army        

Liberia Jqs°rh  L.  Johnpon.  M.  R.  &  C.-G Monrovia     Ohio  5.000 

Pichard  C.   Bundy.  2d  Snc.  of  Leg.  ..  Monrovia     Ohio  2.000 

Mai.   John  E.  Green.  Mil.  Att Monrovia     Army        

Luxemburg Tohn  W.  Garrett,  E.  E.   &  M.  P The     Hague Maryland  12.000 

Mexico Henry  P.  Fletcher.  A.  E.  &  P Mexico     .-.Pennsylvania  17.500 

Geo.   T.   Summerlin.  Couns.  of  Emb..Mpxico     Louisiana  3.000 

Alexander   Benson.    SPC.    of   Emb M>xico     Pennsylvania  2,625 

Lieut.-Col.  R.  M.  Campbell,  Mil.  Att..Mpxico     Army        

Montenegro Garett  Dronnprs.  E.  E.  &  M.  P Athpns     Mass^r-hns^tts  10.000 

Morocco Maxwell   Blakp.   Agt.    &   C.-G Tangier     Missouri  7.500 

Netherlands John  W.  Garret.  E.  E.   &  M.  P The     Hierue M-^-yland  12.000 

Frpnklin  M.  Gunther.   Sec.  of  Leg The    H^eme Virginia  2,625 

Liput.-Col.  Edward  Davis.  Mil.  Att. ..  The     Hague Army        

F.ieut.   E.  D.  MrCormick.   Nav.   Att. ..The    Haerue Navy        

Nicaragua R^iiamin  L    Jeffpreon.  E.  E    &  M.  P. .  Man?ema     Polo»-pdo  10000 

Norway Aihprt  G.   Sohmedpman.   R.  E.  &  M.  P.  Phriptiania     Wisconsin  10.000 

rh'j'-lpp   B.  Curtis,   SPP.   of  L^g- Phri«=tiania    New   York  2625 

Ti^t.-Pol.   R.   F.   Maddux.   Mil.   Att..Phristiania    Army 

fnl.  Arthur  T.  Manx.   Nav.  Att Phristiania     Navy 

Panama William  J.  Price,  E.  E.   &  M.  P Panama     Kentucky  10000 


400 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Country. 
Paraguay . 
Persia.  .  .  . 
Peru 


Poland. 


Location.     Appointed  from.     Salarv. 

.Asuncion    Ohio     $10,000 

.  Teheran Kansas 

.Lima     Tennessee 


Portugal 

Eoumama.  Serbia 

and  Bulg-aria. .  . 

Russia 


Salvador. 

Serbia 

(see  Roumania). 
Siam , 


Representative. 
.Daniel  F.  Mooney.  E.  E.  &  M.  P. 

John  L.  Caldwell,  E.  E.  &  M.  P. 

B^nton  McMillin.  E.  E.  &  M.  P. 

William   W.    Smith.    Sec.   of  Leg Lima     Ohio 

.  Hug-h  S.  Gibson.  E.  E.  &  M.  P Warsaw     California 

Frederick  R.  Dolbeare,  2d  Sec.  of  Leg-.  Warsaw   New  York 

.Thomas  H.  Birch,  E.  E.  &  M.  P Lisbon    New    Jersey 

Charles  J.  Vopicka.  E.  E.  &  M.  P. .  .  Bukharest     Illinois 

.David  R.  Francis.  A.  E.  &  P Archang-el     Missouri 

1.  J.  A.  Rugg-les.   Mil.  Att Petrograd    Army 

W.  Long,  E.  E.  &  M.  P. San    Salvador.. New   Mexico 


.Maryland 


Spain . 


10.000 
10,000 

2  625 
10.000 

2.000 
10,000 

10,000 
17.500 

ioiobo 

10.000 
2.000 
500 
17.500 

2.625 


Sweden . 


Switzerland 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Note — Diplomatic 
Turkey  withdrawn 


. (Vacancy)-2^!.  E.  &  Itt.  "P ^anglcok    ... 

John  C.  White.  2d  Sec.  of  Leg- Bang-kok    ... 

Leng    Hui,    Int Bang-kok     . . 

Joseph  E.  Willard.  A.  E.  &  P Madrid     Virginia 

Alex.   R.   Magruder,   Sec.    of  Emb. ..  .Madrid    Maryland 

Capt.  Chester  Wells.   Nav.   Att Madrid     Navy 

Lieut.-Col.  T.  S.  Van  Natta.  Mil.  Att. Madrid     ...Army 

Ira  Ne'son  Morris.   E.   E.   &  M.  P. ..  Stockholm     Illinois 

'Post  Wheeler.    Couns.   of  Emb Stockholm    Washington 

Maj.  Wm.  M.  Colvin,   Mil.  Att Stockholm     Army 

Col.  Arthur  T.  Marix.  Nav.  Att Stockholm     Navy 

Pleasant  A.  Stovall,  E.  E.  &  M.  P....  Bern     Georgia 

Hugh  R.  Wilson.  2d  Sec.  of  Leg Bern     Illinois 

Robert  E.   Jeffery.   E.   E.  &  M.  P. ...  Montevideo     Arkansas 

Preston  McGoodwin,  E.  E.  &  M.  P. ..Caracas Oklahoma 

representatives    of    the    United    States  in  Austria-Hungary,    Germany    and 
on  account  of  war. 


10,000 
3.000 


10.000 

2.000 

10.000 

10,000 


UNITED    STATES   CONSULAR   SERVICE. 

Abbreviations:   tJ.-G.,  consul-general :  C..  consul;  V.-C.,  vice-consul;  C.  A.,  commercial 


CONSULS-GENERAL  AT  LARGE. 

Stuart  J.  Fuller,  Wis $5.000 

Nathaniel  B.  Stewart,  Ga 5,000 

Ralph  J.  Totten,  Tenn 5,000 

ARGENTINE   REPUBLIC. 
Buenos  Aires— Wm.   H.   Robertson,   Va.,         -^ 

C  -G 8,000 

Rosario— Wilbert  L.  Bonney,  111.,  C 3,000 

BOLIVIA. 

Oruro— Rosa  Hazletine,  Ind.,  C 3,500 

BRAZIL. 

Bahia— Edward  Higgins.  Mass..  C 4,000 

Para— George  H.  Pickerell.  O..  C 4.500 

Pemambuco— A.   T     Haeberle.   Mo..  C..  4,500 

Porto  Alr-gre— 'Samuel  T.  Lee.  Mich.,  C..  4.500 

Rio  de  Janeiro— C.  C.  Eberhardt,  C.-G.  6. 
Santos— Carl  F.  Deichman.  Minn.,  C. .  . 

Sao  Paulo-^Charles  L.  Hoover,  Mo..  C..  4.000 

BULGARIA. 

Sofia— (Vacancy).  C.-G 6.500 

CHILE. 

Antofagasta— Thos.  W.  Voetter.  N.  M.,  C.  4,000 
Punta  Arenas — E.  V.  Richardson,  N.  Y., 

C 2,500 

Valparaiso— Leon  J.  Keena,  Mich.,  C.-G.  5,500 

CHINA. 

Amoy— Clarence  E.  Gauss.  Conn..  C 3.500 

Antung— John  K.  Davis..  O..  C 3,000 

Canton— Albert  W.  Pontius.  Pa.,  C.-G....  4.500 

Changsha— M.  H.  Perkins.  Cal.,  C 3,500 

Chefoo— Lester  Maynard,  Cal.,  C.-G 4,500 

Chungking— Paul  R.  Josslyn.  Iowa,  C 2.500 

Fuchau— George  C.  Hanson.  Conn..  C 3,000 

Hankow— E.  S.  Cunningham.  Tenn..  C.-G.  5,500 

Harbin— Charles  K.  Moser.  Va..  C 4,500 

"ukden — E.  Carleton  Bafter,  Cal..  C.-G..  4,500 


agent. 

Nueva  Geroma— Wm.  Bardel.  N    Y    C...$3f>00 

1.500 
.500 


Nuevitas— John  S.  Calvert.  N.  C..  C... 
Santiago— Harold  D.  Clum.  N.  Y..  C... 
CZECHO-SLO  V  AKIA . 

Pragma— Wallace  J.  Young.  111..  C 4.500 

DENMARK. 

Aalborg-— Geo.   M.   Hanson.   Utah,   C 3,500 

Aarhus— John  E.  Kehl.  O..  C 4,500 

Copenhagen— William  H.  Gale,  Va.,  C.-G.   4  500 

Esbjerg:— R.  Wormuth.  N.  Y.,  C 2.500 

Odense— Maurice  P.  Dunlap,  Minn..  C...    2,500 

DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC. 
Puerta    Plata— W.lliam    A.    Bickers.    D. 

C..  C 2.000 

Santo  Domingo — C.  S.  Edwards,  Minn.,  C.  3.000 

ECUADOR. 
4.000  I  Guayaquil— F.  W.  Goding.  111..  C.-G 4,500 


Tanking— J.  Paul  Jn meson.  Pa..  C. 


!,500 


Shanghai— Thomas  Sammons.  Wash.,C.-G.   8.000 

Swatow— Myrl  S.  Mv^rs.  Pa..  C 3.5OO 

Tientsin— P.  S.  Heintzl^man.  C.-G 5.500 

Tsinanfu— George  F.  Bickford,  Wash..  C.  2.500 

COLOMBIA. 

Barranquilla— Claude  E.  Guyant,  HI..  C. .  3.000 

Cartagena— A.  J.  Lespinasse.  N.  Y..  C....  3,000 

COSTA  RICA. 

Port  Limon— S.  E.  McMillin.  Kas..  C....  2.500 

San  Jose— Benjamin  F.  Chase,  Pa.,  C. . .  .  3.500 

CUBA 

Cienfuegos— Frank  Bohr,  Kas..  C 4,500 

Havana— Heaton  W.  Harris.  C.  G 5.500 


FRANCE. 

Algiers— Arthur  C.  Frost.  Mass..  C 

Bordeaux— Theodore  Jaeckel.  N.  Y..  C. 
Brest— Sample  B.  Forbus,  Miss.,  C. 


:&:: 


Calais — John  Y.  Jordan.   Jr.,  Tenn..  C... 

Cette— Paul  H.  Cram.  Me..  C 

Goree-Dakar — Wm.  J.  Yerby.  Tenn., 

Grenoble— Thomas  D.  Davis.  Okla..    

Guadeloupe— Henry  T.  Wilcox.  N.  C..  C. 

Havre — John  B.  Osbonie.  Pa..  C 

La  Rochelle — W.  W.  Brunswick.  Kas.,  C 
Limoges— Eugene  I.  Belisle,  Mass.,  C.... 

Lyons^— Clarence  Carrig-an.  Cal.,  C 

Marseilles — Alnhonse  G^ulin,  R.  I..  C.-G. 
Martinique— Thos.  R.  Wallace,  Iowa,  C.. 

Nantes—  (Vacancy) .     C.-G 

Nice— W.  D.  Hunter.  Minn.,  C. 


Paris— A.  M.  Thackera.  Pa..  C.-G 

Rouen— Albro  L.  Burnell,  Me.,  C 

Saigon — Horace  RemilHrd.  C 

St.  Etienne— William  H.  Hunt.  N.  Y..  C. 

St.    Pierre-Miouelon — (Vacancy),    C 

Tahiti— Thomas  B.  L.  Lpyton.  La.,  C 

Tananarive— James  G.  Carter,  Ga.,  C 

Tunis— Edwin  C.  Kemp,  Fla..  C 

BRITISH  EMPIRE. 

Adelaide— Henry  P.  Starrett.  Fla.,  C 

Aden— A.  E.  Southard.  Ky.,  C 


Auckland— Alfred  A.  Winslow.  Ind..  C.^G. 

Barbados— C.  L.  Livingston.  Pa..  C 

Belfast— Hnnter  Sharp.  N.  C.,  C 

Relive— William  L.  A  very.  Mont..  C 

Birmingham — Wilbur  T.  Gracey.  Cal..  C. 
Bombay— Stuart  K.  Lupton,  Tenn..  C 


3.000 
4.500 
2.500 
3.000 
2.500 
3.000 
2.500 
2.500 
5.000 
2.500 
3.000 
3.500 
6.000 
2.500 
8.000 
2,500 
12.000 
2.500 
2.500 
2.500 
3,000 
3.000 
2.500 
2.500 

3,000 
2,500 
4.500 
3.000 
5  000 

siooo 

4.500 
4.000 


ALMANAC   AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


401 


Bradford— A.  E.  Ingram.   Cal..   C 

Bnstol— Robertson  Honey.  N.  Y.,  C 

Calcutta— James  A.  Smith.  Vt..  C.-G 
Calgary— Samuel  C.  Real.  111..  C 
Campbellton— G.  C.  Woodward,  Pa.,  C. . . 
Cape  Town— G.  H.  Murphy.  N.  C.,  C.-G.. 

Cardiff— Wm.  F.  Doty.   N.  J..  C 

Charlottetown— Wm.  A.  Pierce.  Miss..  C. 

Colombo — Walter  A.  Leonard.  HI..  C 

Cork— Charles  M.  Hathaway.  Pa..  C 
Cornwall— Thomas  D.  Edwards,  S.  D.,  C. 
Dublin— Edward  L.  Adams.  N,  Y..  C 
Dundee-^Henry  A.  Johnson.  D.  C..  C...  . 
Dunfermline— -H.  D.  Van  Sant.  N.  J..  C. 
Durban — William  W.  Mastarson,  Ky..  C 

Edinburgh — Rufus  Fleming1.  O..  C 

Fernie— Norton  F.  Brand.   N.  D..  C 

Fort  William— T.  R.  Taegart.  N.  J..  C... 
Georgetown — G.  E.  Chamberlin.  N.  Y.,  C 


Gibraltar— R.  L.  Sprague.  Mass..  C 

Glasgow— John  N.  McCunn.  Wis..  C 

Halifax— Evan  E.  Young.  D.  C..  C.-G 

Hamilton.    Ber.— (Vacancy) .    C 

Hamilton.  Ont.— J.  de  Olivares,  Mo..  C.  . 
Hongkong — Geo.  E.  Anderson.  HI..  C.-G. 
ull— 


H 


Karachi 


Homer  M^Byington,  Conn..  C. 

D.  Fisher.  Ore.,  v 
ott  V.  Richardson.  N.Y.. 


Johannesburg — Fred  D.  Fisher.  Ore..  C... 
—Elliott  V.  Richardson.  N.Y..  C. 
Kingston.  Jam.— C.  L.  Latham.  N.  C.,  C. 


.  wasmngton.  ij.  u..  v... 

P.  Skinner,  O..  C.-G. . .  . 

Memminger.  Fla..  C 

Jeblinger.  W.  Va..  C 


.  .       .      .  ,      .     ..  ~. 

Kingston.  Ont.—  F.  S.  S.  Johnson.  N.  J..  C 

Leeds—  Percival  Gassett.  D.  C..  C  ......... 

Liverpool  —  H.  L.  Washington.  D.  C..  jO.  .. 

London  —  Robert  P.  Skinner, 

Madras  —  Lucien  3 

Malta—  Wilbur  Ke_ 

Manchester—  Ross  E.  Holaday.  O..  C  ...... 

Melbourne—  W.  C.  Magrelssen.  Minn.,  C.-G. 

Moncton—  B.  M.  Rasmussen,  Iowa,  C  ---- 

Montreal—  James  L.  Rogers.  O..  C.-G  ..... 

Nairobi—  Stillman  W.  Eels,  N.  Y..  C  ..... 

Nassau  —  Lorin   A.  Lathrop.    Calif..   C  ____ 

Newcastle,  N.S.W.—  L.  N.  Sullivan.  Pa..  C. 
Newcastle-on-Tyne—  W.  C.  Hamm.,  Pa.,  C. 
Niagrara  Falls—  James  B.  Miln?r,  Ind..  C. 
Nottingham—  Calvin  M.  Hitch.  Ga..  C...  . 

Ottawa—  John  G.  Foster,  Vt..  C.-G  ....... 

Penangr—  (  Vacancy)  .    C  .................... 

Plymouth—  J.  G.  Stephens.  Ind..  C  ....... 

Port  Antonio  —  Charles  E.  Asbury.  Ind..  C. 
Port  Elizabeth—  John  W.  Dye.  Minn.,  C.. 
Prescott—  Frank  C.  Denison.  Vt..  C  ...... 

Prince  Rupert—  E.  A.  Wakefield.  Me..  C. 
Quebec  —  E.  H.   Denn:&on,  O..  C  ........... 

Rangoon  —  Lawrence  P.  Briggrs,  Mich..C.  . 
Regina—  J.  H.  Johnson,  Tex..  C  .......... 

Riviere  du  Loup  —  B.  S.  Rairden,  Me.,  C.  .. 
St.  John.  N.  B  —  Hen'-y  S.  Culver.  O..  C.  . 
St.  John's.  N.  F.—  J.  S.  Benedict.  N.  Y..  C. 
St.  Stephen—  Alonzo  B.  Garrett.  W.Va..  C. 
Sarnia—  Fred  C.  Sinter.  Kas..  C  .......... 

Sault  Ste.  Marie—  G.  W.  Shotts.  Mich..  C. 
Sheffield—  John  M.  Savage.  N.  J..  C  ...... 

Sherbrooke  —  Chester  Donaldson.  N.  Y..  C. 
Singapore—  E.  N.  Gunsaulus.  O.,  C.-G  ____ 

Southampton  —  A.  W.  Swalm,  Iowa,  C... 
Stoke-on-Trent—  R.  S.  S.  Berg'h.  N.  D.,  C. 
Swansea  —  (Vacancy)  ,    C  ................... 

Sydney,  N.  S.—  C.  M.  Freeman.  N.  H..  C. 
Sydney.  N.  S.  W.—  J.  I.  Brittain.  O.,  C  -G. 
Toronto—  Chester  W.  Martin.  Mich..  C... 
Trinidad—  Henry  D.  Baker.  111..  C  ........ 

Vancouver—  George  N.  West.  D.  C.,  C.-G. 
Victoria—  Robert  B.  Mosher,  D.  C.,  C  ..... 

Windsor.  Ont.—  M.  J.  Hendrick.  N.  Y..  C. 
Winnipeg—  Fredk.  M-.  Ryder.  Conn.,  C.-G. 
Yarmouth  —  J.  J.  C.  Watson,  Ky.,  C  ...... 


.000 
2.500 
4.000 
3.000 
3.000 
4.000 
.    3.500 
.   2,500 
2.500 
4.000 
2.500 
4,500 
5.500 
5,500 
3.500 
8,000 
3.500 
5.000 
2.500 
4.000 
3,000 
3.000 
8,000 
12,000 
3,000 
3,000 
6,000 
4.500 
3.000 
8,000 
2.500 
3,500 
3.000 
3.000 
3,000 
4.500 
8,000 
2.500 
2  500 
2.500 
2.500 
2,500 
3.500 
3,500 
2.500 
2.500 
3.000 
3,500 
2.500 
2.500 
2.500 
2  500 


Athens—  Alex.  W.  Weddell,  Va..  C.-G.... 

Patras^Arthur  B.  Cooke.  S.  C..  C  ........ 

Salonika  —  George  Horton,  HI.,  C  .......... 


4.500 
3.000 
4.500 


GUATEMALA. 
Guatemala—  Ezra  M.  Lawton.  O.,  C.-G..    3,000 

HAITI. 

Cape  Haitien—  L.  W.  Livingston.  Fla..  C. 
Port  au  Prince—  John  B.  Terres.  N.  Y.,  C. 


.000 
.000 


HONDURAS. 

Ceiba — Charles  N.   Willard.  Kas..  C S2.500 

Puerto  Cortes— (Vacancy).  C 2,500 

Tegucigalpa— Geo.  K.  Donald.  Ala..   C...   2.500 

ITALY. 
Catania— Robert  B.   Bradford.    Neb..   C..    2.500 

Florence— F.  T.  F.  Dumont,  Pa..  C 3.500 

Genoa— David  F.  Wilber,  N.  Y..  C.-G 5.500 

Leg-horn— William  J.  Grace,  N.  Y..  C 3.000 

Milan— North  Winship.  Ga..  C 4.000 

Naples— B.  Harvey  Carroll.  Tex..  C 3.000 

Palermo— Samuel  H.   Shank.  Ind..  C 3.500 

Rome— Francis  B.  Keene.  Wia.,  C 4.500 

Turin— Joseph  E.  Haven.  111..  C 3.000 

Venice-^John  S.  Armstrong,  N.  C..  €...'.   2.600 
JAPAN. 

Dairen— A.  A.  Williamson.  D.  C..  C 4.000 

Kobe— Robert  Frazer.  Jr..  Pa..  C 5.000 

Nagasaki— Edwin  L.  Neville.  O..  C 3.500 

Seoul— Leo  A.  Bergholz.  N.  Y..  C.-G 4.500 

Taihoku.Taiwan— M.D.Kirjassoff.Conn.,C.  2,500 
Yokohama— Geo.  H.  Scidmore.  Wis..  C.-G.  8.000 

KONGO. 

Boma— Harry  A.  McBride.  Mich.,  C.-G. .  .   2.500 
LIBERIA. 

Monrovia— (Vacancy).  C.-G 6.000 

MEXICO. 
Acapulco; — John  A.  Gamon.  HI.,  C. 

Aguascalientes — (Vacancy).  C 

Chihuahua— James  B.  Stewart,  N.  M.,  C.  2, 
Ciudad  Juarez— Edward  A.  Dow.  Neb..  C. 

Durango — (Vacancy).    C 

Ensenada— Sydney  Smith.  Texas,  C 

Frontera — Thomas  D.  Bowman,  Mo..  C. 

Guadalajara— (Vacancy) .   C 

Guaymas — Barliey  F.  Yost.  Kas..  C. 
Manzanillo— Harry  L.  Walsh.  Md..  C... 
Matam or os— Gilbert  R.  Wilson.  Tex..  C. 
Mazatlan— Wm.  E.  Chapman.  Okla..  C. . 

Mexican— Walter  F.  Boyle.  Ga..  C 

Mexico— G.  A.  Chamberlain.  N.  M..  C.-G.  6.0( 

Monterey— P.  C.  Hanna.  Iowa.  C.-G 4.5( 

Nogales—  (Vacancy).   C 2-2 

Nuevo  Laredo— (Vacancy).  C 3.000 

Piedras  Negras—  (Vacancy).  C 2.500 

Progreso-0.  G.  Marsh.  Wash..  C 2,500 

Salina  Cruz— L.  Burlingham.  N.  Y.,  C...  2.500 

Saltillo— Harry  C.  Morgan.   HI..  C 2.oOO 

San  Luis  Potosi-Cornelius  Ferris.  Col.,C.  3.500 

Tampico-^laude  I.  Dawson.  S.  C.,  C 3.50i 

Torreon— Henry  M.  Walcott.  N.  Y.,  C....   3.000 

Vera  Cruz— Paul  H.  Foster.  Texas.  C....   2,500 

MOROCCO. 

Tangier— Maxwell  Blake,  Mo.,  C.-G 3.500 

NETHERLANDS. 
Amsterdam— Frank  W.  Mahin.  Iowa,  C..    5.000 

F.atavia— John  F.  Jewell.  HI..  C B-°2£ 

Curacao — Charles  Forman.  La..  C S-5xS 

Mendan— A.  E.  Carleton,  Vt..  C... .......   2.500 

Rotterdam— Soren  Listoe.  Minn..  C.-G 5.500 

Soerabaya— Henry  Campbell.  Kas..  C 2.500 

NICARAGUA. 

Blueflelds— John  O.  Sanders.  Tex.,  C 2.500 

Corinto— A.  J.  McConnico.  Miss..  C 3.000 

NORWAY. 

Bergen— Georg-e  N.  Ifft.  Idaho.  C 4.500 

rhristiania— Marion  Letcher.   Ga..  C.-G.     ' 


5.500 
3.000 
3.500 

4,000 
5,500 

3,000 


Stavang-er— Henry  C.  A.  Damm.  Tenn..  C 
Trondhjem— Milo  A.  Jewett.  Mass..  C... 

PANAMA. 

Colon— Julius  H.  Dreher.  S.  C..  C 
Panama— A.  G.  Snyder.  W.  Va.,  C.-G... 

PARAGUAY. 

Asuncion— Henry  H.  Balch.  Ala..  € 
PERSIA. 

Tabriz— Gordon  Paddock.  N.  Y.,  C 3,500 

Teheran— Ralph  H.  Bader.  Va..  C 2.500 

"P'F'R.TT 

Callao— William  W.  Handley.  N.  Y.,  O...    5.500 
PORTUGAL. 

Funchal — G.  H.  Kemper.  Ky.,  C 3.000 

Lisbon— Will  L.  Lowne.   111..  C.-G 4.500 

Lourenco  Marques — John  A.  Ray.  Tex.,  C.  3.500 
St.  Michels— Robert  L.  Keiser.  Ind..  C...   2.500 


402 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


RUSSIA  AND  FINLAND. 

Archangel—  (Vacancy) ,  C 

Helsingfors— Thornwell  Haynes.  Ala..  C. 

Irkutsk— Ernest  L.  Harris.  111..  C.-G 

Moscow — (Vacancy) .  C.-G 

Murmansk— Maurice  C.  Pierce.  Wis..  C... 

Odessa —  (Vacancy) .    C 

Omsk— Arthur  L.  Dille.   N.  Y.,  C 

Petrogrrad— R.  C.  Tredwell.  -Ind.,  C 

Riera—  (Vacancy) .    C 

Tiflis»— John  A.   Wood.  H.  L,   C 

Vladivostok— John  K.  Caldwell.  O.,  C 

Warsaw — (Vacancy),   C 

.  SALVADOR. 

San  Salvador— (Vacancy).  V.-C 

SERBIA. 
Belgrade— (Office  temporarily  closed). 

SIAM. 

Bangkok— Carl  C.  Hansen.  Cal.,  V.-C. ... 
SPAIN. 

Almeria — Gaston  Smith.  La.,  C 

Barcelona— Carl  B.  Hurst.  D.  C.,  C.-<3- 

Bilbao— (Vacancy),     C 

Cadiz— (Vacancy).   C 

Gijon— David  C.  Kerr.  N.  Y..  V.-C 

Madrid— Ely  E.  Palmer.  R.  L.  C 

Malaga— Louis  G.  Dreyfus.  Cal.,  C 

Palma  de  Malorca— J.  H.  Goodier.  N.Y..  C. 

Santander— John  H.  Grout.  Mass.,  C 

Seville— (Vacancy) .  C 


$2,500 
4.500 
5.500 
2.500 
3.500 
2.500 
3,500 
3.500 
4.000 

1:888 


Teneriffe— George  K.   Stiles,  Md..   C $3,000 

Valencia— John  R.  Putnnm.  Ore..  C 2.500 

Vig-o— Edward  I.  Nathan.  Pa..  C 3. 000 

SWEDEN. 
Gothenburg— Walter  H.  Sholee.  Okla..  C.  3.500 

Malmo — P.  W.  Burnham.  Va..  C 2.500 

Stockholm— Albert  Halsted.  D.  C..  C.-G..   8,000 
SWITZERLAND. 

Basel— Philip  Holland.  Tenn..  C 4.000 

Bern— William  P.  Kent.  Tenn..  C 4  500 

Geneva— T>wis  W.  H^skell,  S.  C.,  C 3.500 

St.  Gall— William  J.  Pike,  Pa.,  C 4.500 

Zurich— Leo    J.    Keena,    Mich.,    C.-G 6,600 

URUGUAY. 

Montevideo— William  Dawson.  Minn.,  €. .   4,000 
VENEZUELA. 

La  Guaira— Homer  Brett,  Miss.,  C 3  500 

Maracaibo— Emil  Sauer,  Tex..  C 3.500 

Puerto  Cabello— -Frank  A.  Henry.  Del.,  €.  2.500 
NOT  ELSEWHERE  LISTED. 

Aleppo-^J-fese  B.  Jackson.  O..  C ,    ,.    3.500 

Alexandria— Arthur  Garrels.  Mo..  C. ..„.    5.500 
Apia— Mason  Mitchell,  N.  Y..  C...  .   3.500 

Bagdad— Oscar  S.    Heizer.    Iowa.,   C...    .    3000 

Cairo— Hampson  Gary.  Texas.  C>G 6.500 

Constantinople— G.    Bie    Ravndal,    S.    B., 

C.-G 8.000 

Jerusalem— Otis  A.  Glazebrook,  Va..  C..    3500 
Tsingtau— Willys  R.  Peck,  Cal.,  C 4,000 


FOREIGN  EMBASSIES    AND  LEGATIONS  IN   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


Argentine  Republic — Dr.  Thomas  A.  Le  Breton, 

A.  E.  and  P. 

Mr.  Federico  M.  Quintana,  counselor. 
Austria-Hungary— (Diplomatic     relations     sev- 
ered.) 
Belgium— Baron  E.  de  Cartier  Marchienne.  E.  E. 

and  M.  P. 

Charles  Symon,  counselor. 

Bolivia— Senor  Don  I.  Calderon,  E.  E.  and  M.  P. 
Brazil— Mr.  Domicio  da  Gama.  A.  E.  and  M.  P. 

Mr.  Alberto  de  I.  Moreira,  first  secretary. 
Bulgaria— (Mr.    Stephan   Panaretoff,    E.   E.    and 

M    P 

Dr.  George  N.  Poulieff,  secretary. 
Chile — Senor  Don  Beltran  Mathieu.  A.  B.   and 

Senor  Don  Gustavo  Munizapa  Varela,  coun- 
selor. 
China— Dr.  V.  K.  Wellington  Koo. 

Mr.  Yung  Kwai,  counselor. 
Colombia— Sen  or  Dr.  Carlos  Adolfo  Urueta.  E. 

E.  and  M.  P. 

Senor  Don  Alfonso  Delgado,  secretary. 
Costa  Rica— (Absent.) 
Cuba— Dr.  C.  M.  de  Cespedes.  E.  E.  and  M.  P. 

Dr.  Arturo  Padro  y  Almeida,   secretary. 
Denmark— Mr.  Constantin  Bran,  E.  E.  and  M.  P. 

Pftter  Schou.  secretary. 
Dominican  Republic— Senor  Dr.  Luis  Galvan.  E. 

E.  and  M.  P. 
Ecuador — Senor   Dr.    Don   Rafael   H.    Elizalde, 

E.  E.  and  M.  P. 
Finland— Mr.    Armas    H.  Saastamoinen,  E.   E. 

and  M.  P. 

Mr.  E.  lives,  secretary. 
France — Mr.  J.  J.  Jusserand.  A.  E.  and  P. 

Mr.  Charles  de  Chambrun.  counselor. 
Germany — (Diplomatic  relations  severed.) 
Great    Britain— Viscount    Edward    Grey.    A.    E. 

and  M.   P. 
Mr.  Colville  Barclay,  M.  P.  and  counselor  of 

embassy. 

Mr.  Henry  G.  Chilton.  secretary 
Greece— Mr.  George  Rousses.  E.  E.  and  M.  P. 
Guatemala— Senor  Don  Joaquin  Mendez,  E.  E. 

and  M.  P. 
Senor  Don  Francisco   Sanchez  Latour,  eecre- 

Haiti— Mr.  Charles  Moravia.   E.  E.   and  M.  P. 
Mr.  Albert  Blanchet.  secretary. 


Honduras—  S«nor  Don  Jose  A.  Lopez  Gutierrez, 
E.  E.   and  M.  P. 

Senor  Don  R.  Camilo  Diaz,  secretary. 
Italy— Baron  Rom::no  Avezzano.   A.  E.  and  P 

Baron  Pietro  Arove  di  Valentine,   secretary. 
Japan— Kijuro   Shidehara.   A     E.   and  P      Mr 

Katsui  Debuchi.  counselor. 
Mexico— Senor  Ignacia  Bonillas. 

Senor  Dr.  Juan  B.  Rojo.   counselor 
Montenegro— Gen.  Antoine  Gvosdenovitch.  E.  E. 

•and  M.  P. 
Netherlands— Mr.     J.     T.     Cremer.     E.   E.   and 

Johnkeer  Dr.  W.  A.  de  Beaufort,  counselor 
Nicaragua— Senor   Don    Manuel   de   Chamorro. 

Senor  Don  Manuel  Zavala.  secretary. 
Norway— Mr.  H.  H.  Bryn,  E.  E.  and  M   P. 

Mr.  Erik  K.  Birkholm,  secretary 
Panama— Senor  Dr.  Don  Belisario  Porras.  E.  E 

and  M.  P. 

Paraguay— Mr.  Manuel  Gondra.  E.  E.  &  M.  P. 
Persia— Sadigh-el-Suelanes,  E.  E.  and  M.  P. 

Mirza  Ah  Kuh  Khan,  counselor 
Peru— Sono-Dr.  Don  Francisco  Tudela  y  Varela 

A.  E.  and  M.  P. 
Poland— Prince  Casimir  Lubomirski.  E.  E.  and 

Portugal— Viscount  de  Alte.  E.  E.  and  M    P 

Roumania— Mr.  N.  H.  Lahovary,  counselor  and 
charge    d'affaires. 

Russia— Mr.  Boris  A.  Bakhmetieff.  A.  E    and  P 

Salvador— Senor  Dr.  Don  Salvador  Sol  M..  E.  E. 
and  M.  P. 

Serbs.     Ooats    and    Slovenes— Dr.    Slavko    Y 
Grouitch,    E.   E.   and  M.   P. 

Siam— Prince  Phya  Prabha  Karavonese.  E.   E 

and  M.  P. 
Mr.  Edward  H.  Loftus.  secretary. 

Spain— Spnor  Don  Juan  Riano  y  Gayangos.  A. 

E.  and  P. 

iSenor  Don  Juan  Francisco  de  Cardenas,  coun- 
selor. 

Sweden— Mr.  W.  A.  F.  Ekengren.  E.  E.  &  M.  P. 
Judge  Erik  Sjobergr,  counselor  of  legation 

Switzerland— Mr.  Marc  Peter.  E.  E.  and  M.  P. 

Turkey— (Diplomatic  relations  severed) 

Uruguay— Mr.   Pedro   Cosio.    E.   E.    and   M    P. 

Venezuela— Senor  Dr.  Santos  A.  Dominici   E  E 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   19°0. 


403 


The  apportio 
grress,    under    1 
1840.    inclusiv 
by   a   separate 
census    of    18.f 
permanent,  pr< 
fixed    the   nun 
at  233,   and  d 
terior   thereaft 
The    apportion 
under    this    In1 
1862.    fix^d    tl 
tives  at  241.  s 
apportioned    tl 
The   apportion 
BUS  of   1870   vi 
a  separate  act 
the  power  cor 
interior  by  th< 

State.           If 
Alabama  

nment  of 
he    first 
e  —  was   rr 
act.      T 
>0.    whicl 
sented  a 
iber    of    i 
irected   tl 
er  to   ma 
ment    of 
w,    but    c 
le    total 
nd  the  s 
le    new 
ments   fr< 
'ere   mad 
;  hence  i 
ferred  01 
5  act  of  . 

EEPB 

)10.  1900 
10         9 
•1     .... 
7         7 
LI         8 
4         3 
5         5 
1         1 
4         3 
12       11 
2         1 

APPORTIONMENT   OF 

[From  census 

representatives  in  con- 
six   censuses  —  1790    to 
tade   by   congress,   each 
tie   law    for   taking-  the 
i    was    intended    to    be 
rule  of  apportionment, 
nembers    of   the    house 
le  secretary   of  the  in- 
ke  the   apportionment. 
1860    was    also    made 
ongress,    on    March    4, 
number    of   representa- 
gcretary  of  the  interior 
quotas    to    the    states. 
5m   and  after   the   cen- 
s  by  congress,  each  bj 
t  may  be  assiimed  tha 
i    the   secretary   of   the 
May  23.   1850.  was  re- 

ESENTATIVES   TJNDEI 

.  1890.  1880.  1870.  1860 
9886 

REPRESEN 

bureau  repor 

rivaled   by    ir 
the  dates  of 
ratio   of  por 
Census.    Dat 
1910—  Aug-.  f 
1900—  Jan.  1 
1890—  Feb.  1 
1880—  Feb.  2 
1870—  Feb.  2 
3860—  May  2 
1850—  May  S 
i  8*0—  June 
1830—  May  $ 
1820—  May  •/ 
1810—  Df>c.  2 
1800—  Jan.   1 
1790—  April 
.  .  .  .  —  Consti 

I  EACH   API 

1850.1840.1 

7           7 

TAT 

t.l 

npli 
th< 
;ulat 
» 
?.'  If 
6.  3 
.   IS 
5.   3 
.  18 
3.   3 
3.  I 
?5. 
2.  1 
.  If 
1.   3 
4.   ] 
14. 
tuti< 

>OR' 

830 
5 

IVES. 

nation. 
1   appo 
ion  to 

11.. 
901 

The   following1 
rtionment   p<-ts   ar 
each  representati 

21 

shows 
d  the 
ve: 
Ratio. 
1.877 
)4,182 
r3,901 
.1,911 
51.425 
7.381 
>3,423 
r0680 
t7.700 
0.000 
(5.000 
53  000 

If 

91  .  .  .  . 

...1" 

882.. 

.     11 

72.. 

ir 

R50  .  . 
850.. 
3«"2 

15 

j 

832  .  . 

..    A 
4 

2° 

811    . 

{ 

802 

\ 

1792. 
>n,  175 

riONM 

1820. 
3 

...    c 

t3.000 
50.000 

1789. 

39  

L 

[ENT. 

1810. 
*1 

1800.  1790. 

Arkansas  
California  
Colorado  
Connecticut.. 
Delaware  
Florida           • 

6 
7 
2 
4 
1 
2 
11 
1 

5 
6 
1 

4 

1 
2 

10 
•1 

4 
4 
•1 
4 

1 
2 
9 

3 
3 

2 

1 
*2 

•1 

4 

1 
1 
7 

4 

1 
1 
8 

4 
1 
•1 
8 

6 

1 

6 

1 

7 
2 

7 

1 

7 

1 

{ 

Georgia  
Idaho 

9 

7 

0 

4 

2 

3 

Illinois 

27 
13 

11 
8 
11 

6 
16 
18 

10 
8 
16 
2 
6 
1 
2 

12 
•1 

43 
10 
3 

25 
13 
11 
8 
11 

6 

34 
12 
9 
8 
16 
1 
6 
1 
f> 

10 

'37 
10 
o 

13 
11 
8 
11 

6 
13 

12 
7 
7 
15 

1 
6 
1 
o 

8 

'34 
9 
1 

20 
13 
11 

7 

6 
12 

11 
5 
7 
14 
*1 
3 
1 

7 

*34 
9 

*1 

19 
13 
9 

6 
5 
6 
11 
9 
3 
6 
13 

14 
11 
6 

5 
10 
6 
o 

g 

9 

9 
11 
2 

7 
10 

*2 

3 

7 

1 
3 

•1 
*1 

Maryland".'.".". 

Massach'ts.. 
Michigan..  .  . 
Minnesota..  . 
Mississippi... 
Missouri..  .  . 
Montana  
Nebraska... 
Nevada  
N.  Hamp're. 
New  Jersey. 
New  Mexico 
New  York.  . 
N.  Carolina. 
N  Dakota 

10 
4 
6 
6 
11 
4 
*2 
5 
7 

10 
4 
7 
6 
10 
3 

13 
3 

8 
8 
12 
•1 

12 
3 
7 
9 
13 

10 
•1 
7 
9 
13 

6 

2 



9 

17 

8 
14 

6 
8 

4 
5 

2 

2 

1 
1 

*1 

.... 

1 
1 
3 
7 

•1 
*1 
3 
5 

3 
5 

4 
5 

5 
6 

6 
6 

6 
6 

5 
6 

4 
5 

3 

33 

8 

31 

7 

33 

8 

34 
9 

40 
13 

n 

27 
13 

37 
12 

10 
10 

6 
6 

Ohio  
Oklahoma.  . 

22 
8 
3 
36 
3 
7 
8 
10 
18 
2 
2 
10 
5 
6 
11 
1 

21 
•5 

2 
32 

7 
2 
10 
16 

2 
10 
3 
5 
11 
1 

21 
'  '  '6 
30 

21 

'"i 

28 

20 

19 

21 

21 

19 

14 

6 

*1 

1 

27 

1 
24 

*1 
25 

Pennsylvania 
Rhode  Island 
S.  Carolina.. 
S.Dakota.... 
Tennessee.  .  . 

24 

28 
2 
9 

26 
2 

9 

23 
9 

18 
o 

8 

13 
2 
6 

8 

1 
5 

7 

10 
31 
*1 
o 

10 

4 
10 
1 

7 

10 
11 

"2 
30 
•1 
4 
9 
•1 

5 

4 

6 

7- 

10 
6 

8 
4 

10 
o 

11 

13 

9 

6 

3 

•i 

.... 

3 

9 

3 

8 

a 

11 

8 

13 

4 
15 

5 

21 

•»6 

6 
23 

4 
09 

2 
19 

"io 

Virginia  .... 
Washington.. 
W.  Virginia.. 
Wisconsin... 
Wyoming  

"6 

3 

*2 

Total     4 

:33 

to 

380      356 
5           1 

new  states 

325 

7 

after 

292      241      234      223 
1239 

apportionment.     Included 

240 
2 

in 

213 

tatle. 

181      141 
5          1 

but   not  in 

105 

1 

total 

65 
under 

Added*  .... 

•Assigned 
apportionment 

FASTEST    TRIPS    AROUND   THE    WORLD. 

Made    by    John    Henry    Mears    in    1913  —  35        Made  by  Henry  Frederick  in   1903—54  day* 


days  °1  hours  36  minutes. 


7  hours  20  minutes. 


. 

Made  by   Andre  Jaeger-Schmidt  in    1911—39        Made  by  Nellie  Ely   (Mrs.  Nellie  Seaman)   in 
days  42  minutes  38  seconds.  1889—72  days  6  hours  11  minutes. 


404 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


PRESIDENTS    AND    THEIR     CABINETS. 


PRESIDENT  AND  VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Secretary  of  state 

Secy,  of  treasury. 

Secretary  of  war. 

•George  Washington.*  John  Adams  1789 

T.Jefferson  1789 
E.  Randolph.  1794 
T.  Pickering  1795 

Alex.  Hamilton..  1789 
Oliver  Wolcott.,1795 

Henry  Knox...  1789 
T.  Pickering...  17U5 
Jas.McHenry..l79« 

John  Adams  Thomas  Jefferson.  .1797 

T.  Pickering  1797 
John  Marshall...]  SOU 

Ol  i  ver  Wol  cott.  .  .  1797 
Samuel  Dexter  .  .1801 

Jas.McHenry..l797 
John  Marshall.  1800 
Sam'l  Dexter..  1800 
R.  Griswold....l801 

•Thomas  Jefferson  ..Aaron  Burr  1801 
•George  Clinton.  .  .  .1805 

James  Madison..  1801 

Samuel  Dexter..  1801 
Albert  Gal  latin.  .1801 

H.  Dearborn...  1801 

•James  Madison  tGeorge  Clinton.  .  .  .1809 
Elbridge  Gerry  1813 

Robert  Smith....  1809 
J  ames  Monroe.  .  .1811 

Albert  Gal  latin.  .1809 
G.W.Campbell..  1814 
A.J.Dallas  1814 
W.  H.  Crawford.  1816 

Wm.Eustls....l809 
J.  Armstrong..  1813 
Tames  Monroe.  1814 
W.H.Crawford  1815 

•James  Monroe  *D.  D.  Tompkins  .  .  .1817 

J.Q.Adams  1817 

W.H.  Crawford.  18  17 

Isaac  Shelby...  1817 
Geo.  Graham..  1817 
J.  C.  Calhoun..  1817 

John  Q  Adams        .  .*JohnC.  Calhoun..  1825 

Henry  Clay  1825 

Richard  Rush....  1825 

Jas.  Barbour...l825 
Peter  B.  Porter.  1828 

Andrew  Jackson.  .  .  .tTohn  C.  Calhoun  .  .1829 
Martin  Van  Buren.  1833 

M.  Van  Buren....  1829 
E.Livingston....  1831 
Louis  McLane....  1833 
John  Forsyth....l834 

Sam.  D.  Ingham.1829 
Louis  McLane.  .  ..1831 
W.J.  Duane  1833 
Roger  B.  Taney.,1833 
Lev!  Woodbury..l834 

John  H.Eaton.  1829 
LewisCass  1831 
B.  F.  Butler.  ..  .1837 

Martin  Van  Buren  .  .  .  R.  M.  Johnson  1837 

John  Foray  th...  1837 

Levi  Woodbury.,1837 

JoelR.Poinsettl831 

Wm.  H.  Harrison..  .John  Tyler  1841 

Daniel  Webster..  1841 

Thos.  Ewing  1841 

John  Bell  1841 

John  Tyler  1841 

Daniel  Webster..  1841 
Hugh  S.  Legare..l843 
AbelP.Upshur.,1843 
John  C.  Calhoun.1844 

Thos.  Ewing  1841 
Walter  Forward.  1841 
John  C.  Spencer..l843 
Geo.M.  Bibb  1844 

John  Bell  1841 
John  McLean..  1841 
J.C.  Spencer...  1841 
Jas.M.  Porter..  1843 
Wm.  Wilkins.,1844 

James  K.  Polk  George  M.  Dallas..  1845 

JamesBuchananl845 

Robt.  J.Walker.  1845 

Wm.  L.  Marcy.  1845 

tZachary  Taylor  Millard  Fillmore  .  .1849 

John  M.  Clayton.1849 

Wm.  M.Meredith  18  fti 

G.W.Crawford.1849 

Millard  Fillmore  1850 

Daniel  Webster.,1850 
Edward  Everett.,1852 

Thomas  Corwin..  1850 

C.  M.Conrad...  1850 

Franklin  Pierce  tWilliam  R.  King  .  .1853 

W.  L.  Marcy  1853 

Tames  Guthrie.  ..185.1 

Jefferson  Davis  1853 

James  Buchanan  ...  J.  C.  Breckinridge.  .1857 

LewisCass  1857 
J.  S.  Black  I860 

Howell  Cobb  1857 
Philip  F.Thomas.lS60 
John  A.  Dix  1861 

JobnB.  Floyd..  lavr 
Joseph  Holt....  18B1 

•tAbraham  Lincoln..  Hannibal  Hamlin..lB(>1 
Andrew  Johnson...  18(55 

W.  H.  Seward.  .  ..1861 

Salmon  P.  Chase.lStll 
W.  P.  Fessenden.l8T4 
HughMcCulloch.lSCo 

S.Cameron  1861 
E.  M.  Stanton.,1862 

Andrew  Johnson  lU5o 

W.  H.  Seward.  .  .  .1865 

HughMcCulloch.1865 

K.  M.Stanton..l865 
U.  S.  Grant  1867 
L.  Thomas  1868 
J.  M.Schofield.1868 

•Ulysses  S.  Grant  Sehnyler  Colfax  .  .  .1'3R° 
tHenry  Wilson  loTJ 

IS.  B.Washburne.1869 
Hamilton  Fish..  .1809 

Geo.S.Boutwell  1869 
W.A.Richardson.1873 
Benj.  H.  Bristow.!S74 
Lot  M.Morrill...l87b 

J.  A.  Rawlins.,1869 
W  T.Sherman.  1869 
W.W.  Belknap.1869 
Alphonso  Taft.  1876 
J.  D.  Cameron.  1876 

Hutiieriord  B.Hayes.  Wm.  A.  Wheeler..  .18;  . 

W.  M.  E  vans....  1877 

John  Sherman.  .1877 

G.  W.McCrary.1877 
Alex.Ramsev.  1879 

tJaraes  A.  Garlield  .  .Chester  A.  Arthur.,1881 

James  G.  jLnaiue.iooi 

Wm.  Windom  1881 

li.  T.  Lincoln.  .1881 

Chester  A.  Arthur  18* 

F.  T.  Frelinghuy- 
sen  1881 

Chas.  J.  Folger...l881 
W.Q.  Gresham..l884 
Hugh  McCulloch.1884 

R.  T.Lincoln...  1881 

Qrover  Cleveland  fT.A.Hendricks  —  1885 

Thos.  F.  Bayard.  1885 

Daniel  Manning.  1885 
Chas.S.  Fail-child  1887 

W.  C.  Endicott.  1885 

Benjamin  Harrison..  Levi  P.  Morton  1881) 

James  G.  Elaine.  1889  Wm.  Windom....l889 
John  W.  Foster.  .1892;  Charles  Foster.  .  .189J 

R.  Proctor  1889 
S.  B  Elkins....l891 

Grover  Cleveland.  .  .  .  Adlai  E.  Stevensonl893 

W.  Q.  Gresham.,1893 
Richard  Olney.  .  .1S95 

John  G.  Carlisle.,1893 

D.  S.  Lament...  1893 

•tWilliamMcKinley.tGarret  A.  Hobart  ..1897 
TheodoreRooseveltl901 

John  Sherman.  .  .  lbt»7 
Wm.  R.  Day  1897 
John  Hay  1898 

Lyinan  J.  Gage  .  .1897 

K  A.Alger  1897 
Elihu  Root  1899 

Theodore  Roosevelt  11)01 
Chas.W.  Fairbanksl905 

John  Hayt.  1901 
Elihu  Root  190;') 
Robert  Bacon....  1909 

Lyman  J.  Gage  .  .  1901 
Leslie  M.  Shaw..  1!K)2 
G   B.Cortelyou..l907 

Klihu  Hoot  1901 
Wm.  H.  TaTt...l904 
Luke  TC.Wrightl908 

William  H.  Taft  tJames  S.  Sherman.1909  P.  C.  linox  11)09 

F.MacVeagh  1909 

.I.M.Dickinson.  1909 
H.L  Stimson.  1911 

•Woodrow  Wilson.  .  .  .*Thos.  R.  Marshall  1913  Wm.  J.  Brvan  ....  1913  W.  G.  McAdoo.  .  .1913 
1  Robert  Lansing..  1915jCarter  Glass.  .  .  .  1918 

L.M.  Garrison.  1913 
N.  D.  Baker....  1916 

*Elected  two  consecutive  terms.     tDied  while  in  office.    JResigned. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


406 


PRESIDENTS  AND  THEIR  CABINETS.-CONTINUED. 


Secretary  of  navy.    |  Secretary  of  interior. 

Postmaster-general.  |    Attorney-general.     Sec.  agriculture. 

K^fnnlishod 

>  art  a  :     1849. 

^amuel  Ospood  1789 
Timothy  Pickeringl791 
I  os.  Habersham....l795 

E.  Randolph  1789 
Wm.  Bradford..  .1794 
Charles  Lee  17(.>5 

Established 
Feb.  11.1889. 

, 

Benj.  Stoddert  171* 

Jos.  Habersham.  ...1797 

Charles  Lee  179" 
Theo.  Parsons.  .  .1801 

Benj.  Stoddert  1801 
Robert  Smith  1801 
J.  Crowninshield...l805 

Jos.  Habersham...  1801 
Gideon  Granger...  1801 

Levi  Lincoln  1801 
Robt,  Smith  1805 
J.  Breckinridge..l805 
C.A.Rodney  1807 

Paul  Hamilton  18W 
William  Jones  1813 
B.VV.Crowninshield.'U 

Gideon  Granger.  .  .  1809 
R.J.  Meigs.Jr  1814 

C.A.Rodney  180! 
Wm.  Pinckney...l811 
William  Rush.  ...1814 

B.W.Crowninshield.'l? 
Smith  Thompson.  .1818 
S.  L.  Southard  1823 

LI.  J.Melgs,  Jr  1817 
J  ohn  McLean  1823 

William  Rush...  .181" 
William  Wirt....  181" 

S.I,.  Southard  182f 

John  McLean  1825 

William  Wirt....  1825 

John  Branch  ls'^1 
Lev!  Woodburv.  .  .  .1831 
Mahlon  Dickefson.1831 

Wm.  T.Barry  1829 
Amos  Kendall  1835 

John  M.  Berrien.  1829 
Roger  B.Taney..l83 
B.  F.Butler  1833 

Matalon  Dickerson.lSo? 

Amos  Kendall....  1837 
John  M.  Niles  1840j 

B.  F.  Butler  183" 
Felix  Grundy...  .1838 
H.  D.  Gllpin  1840 

George  E.  Badger..  1841 

Panels  Granger.  ..1841 

J.  J.  Crittenden.184 

George  E.  Badger..  1841 
Abel  P.  Upshur  ..  .1841 
David  Hen8baw...l8ti 

Thomas  W.Gilmer.1814 
John  V.  Mason.  ...1844 

Francis  Granger..  .1841 
C.  A.  Wickliffe  1841 

J.  J.  Crittenden.184 
Hugh  S.Legare..  184 
John  Nelson  1843 

George  Bancroft...  1846 
John  Y.  Mason  184t 

Cave  Johnson  1845 

John  Y.  Mason..  1845 
Nathan  Clifford..  184( 
Isaac  Toucey  1848 

William  B.  Preston.  lS4<j 

Thomas  Ewing  ItUi 

Jacob  Collamer  184S 

Reverdy  Johnsonl84i) 

William  A.  Graham.  'oO-Thomas  A.Pearce..l85C 
John  P.  Kennedy..  185*  T.  M.  T.  McKernonl85(J 
A.  11.  H.Stuart....  185C 

Nathan  K.  Hall..  ..185C 
Sam  D  Hubbard...  1852 

J.  J.  Cnttenden..l85C 

James  C  Dohhin...  1353  Robt.  McClelland..  1853 

James  Campbell.  .  .185o  Caleb  Cushing.  .  .1853 

Jacob  Thompson..  185" 

Aaron  V.  Brown.   .1857 
Joseph  Holt  185^ 

J.S.  Biack  1857 
Edw.  M.  Stanton.l86(] 

Gideon  Welles  1801  Caleb  B.  Smith  1861 
John  P.  Usher  1863 

Montgomery  Blair.1861 
William  Dennison.1864 

Edward  Bates...  186 
Titian  J.  Coffey..l8txi 
JamesSpeed  1864 

Gideon  Welles  1865John  P.  Usher  18»o 
James  Harlan  18(J5 
|O.  H.  Browning.  .  .  .1866 

William  Dennison.1865 
A.  W  Randall  1866 

James  Speed  1865 
Henry  Stanbery  .18*'* 
Wm.M.  Evarts...l868 

Adolph  E.  Borie...l86y|  Jacob  D.  Cox  18tfJ 
George  M.Robesonl869;Columbus  Delano..  1871 
Zach  Chandler  1875 

J.  A.  J.  Creswell...l869 
Tas.  W.Marshall..  .1874 
Marshall  Jewell...  1874 
James  N.  Tyner...l87b 

E.  R.  Hoar             1861 

A.  T.  Ackerman.,1870 
Geo.H.  Williams.  187 
Edw.  Pierrepont.1875 
Alphonso  Taft...l876 

R.  W.  Thompson..  1877 
NathanGoff.  Jr....  1881 

Carl  Schurz  1ST 

David  M.  Key  1877jChas.Devens  187" 
Horace  Maynard.,1880^ 

W.  H.  Hunt  Io81  S.  J.  Kirkwood  1881 

T.  L.  James  1881  W.Mac  Veagh....  188 

W.  E.  Chandler.  .  .  .ISSJjHenry  M.Teller.  .  .  .188J 

T.  O  Howe  1881  B.H.Brewster...  1881 
W.Q.Gresham  1883 
Frank  Hatton  1884 

W.  C.  Whitney  1885IL.  Q.  C.  Lamar  1885 
Wm.  F.  Vilas  1888 

Wm.  F.  Vilas  1885.A.H.  Garland....  1885 
D.M.Dickinson  1888 

N.  J.  Colman.1889 

Benj.  F.  Tracy  1889'john  W.  Noble  1889 

J.  Wanamaker  1889W.H.H.  Miller..  188v 

.M.  Rusk  ..1889 

Hilary  A.  Uerbertl893iHoko  Smith  1898 
D.  R.  Francis  1896 

W.  S.  Bissell  1893R.01ney  189: 
W.  L.  Wilson  1895J.  Harmon  1895 

.  S.  Morton.  18U3 

John  D.  Long  1897 

;.  N.  Bliss  1897 
E  A  Hitchcock....  1899 

Tames  A.Gary  1897 
Chas.E.  Smith  1898 

l.McKenna  18;i7 
J.  W.  Griggs  1897 
P.C.  Knox  1901 

.  Wilson  1897 

John  D  Long          1901 

E.A.Hitchcock  1901 
I.  R.  Garfleld  1907 

Chas.E.  Smith  1901 
Henry  C.  Pa  vne....  1902 
Robt.  J.Wynne  1904 
j.B  Cortelyou  1SX)5 
J.  von  L.Meyer..  1907 

t  .C.  Knox  1901 
W.H.  Moody  1904 
C.  J.Bonaparte..  .1907 

J.Wilson  1901 

Wm  .  1  1  .  Moody  1902 
Paul  Morton  1004 
C.J.  Bonaparte....  1905 
Victor  H.  Metcalf.1907 
T.  H.  Newberry...l908 

G.  von  L.  Meyer  ...  1909 

R.  A.  Ball  inger.  ...1909 
rt^.L.  Fisher  1911 

F.  H.Hitchcock....  1909 

G.W.Wickersh'ml909 

.Wilson  19W 

Josephus  Daniels.  1913,  F.  K.Lane  1913 

A..  8.  Burleson  1913 

J.C.Mcfieynolds.l'Jlo 
Thos.  W.Gregory.  1914 
A.M.  Palmer....  1919 

D.F.Houston.1918 

Secretary  of  commerce  and  labor  (department  established  Feb.  14.  19Ub)— George  B.  Cortelyon. 
1903;  Victor  H.  Metcalf,  law-l'JOB;  Oscar  S.  Straus.  1907-1909;  Charles  Nagel.  1909.  Secretary  of  Commerce, 
Wm.  C.  liedneld,  1913.  Secretary  of  labor  (dept.  established  March  4, 1913)— William  B.  Wilson,  1913. 


406 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


QUALIFICATIONS    FOR    SUFFRAGE. 


REQUIREMENTS 

FOR  VOTERS  IN  THB 

VARIOUS  STATES 

AND  IN  ALASKA. 


Stite   Co.    Tn.    Prot. 


3m  3m 


2y. 


>0d 


30d30d 


Gm30d30d 


90d 


30  d 


6m 


30  d 


M 

JM 


ALABAMA— Citizens  of  good  char- 
acter and  understanding;  aliens 
who  have  declared  intention; 
must,  show  poll-tax  receipt. 

ALASKA— Citizens,  male  and  f e- 1  y. 30 d 

ARIZONA— Male  and  female  citi- 1  y 

zens  of  the  United  States. 
ARKANSAS— Like  Alabama,  ex-  ly 

cept  as  to  "good  character." 
CALIFORNIA-Citizens. male  and  ly 

female;  naturalized  for 90  days. 

or  treaty  of  Queretaro. 
COLORADO-Citizens,ma 

male;  aliens  who  declared  inten- 
tion 4  months  before  election. 
CONNECTICUT  —  Citizens    who  ly 

can  read  English. 
DELAWARE— Citizens  paying  $1 

registration  fee. 

FLORIDA— Citizens  of  the  U.  S. 
GEORGIA— Citizens  who  can  read 

andhavepaid  all  taxessince  1877. 
IDAHO  — Citizens,  male  and  fe-  6m30d3mlO« 

ILLINOIS— Citizens,  male  and  fe-  ly.  90d30d30d 
male  (restricted),  of  the  U.  S. 

INDIANA  — Citizens;  aliens  who  6m!60d|fiOd30d 
have  declared  intention  and  re- 
sided 1  year  in  United  States. 

IOWA— Citizens  of  United  States.  6m  Wd  I0<  JOd 

KANSAS  —  Citizens;    aliens   who  6m  30  d  30  d  10  d 
have  declared  intention;  women 
vote  at  general  as  well  as  school 

KENTUCKY— Citizens  of  the  U.  S.  1  y.  6m60d!fiOd 
LOUISIANA  — Citizens  who  areSy.ly 

able  to  read  and  write,  who  own 

$300  worth  of  property  or  whose 

father  or  grandfather  was  en- 
titled to  vote  Jan.  1, 1867. 
_A1NE— Citizens  of  the  U.S. 
MARYLAND— Citizens  of  United 

States  who  can  read 
MASSACHUSETTS-Citizenswho  ly 

can  read  and  write  English. 
MICHIGAN-Citizens;  aliens  who 

declared  intention  prior  to  May 

MINNESOTA  —  Citizens  of   the  6m  30d30d30d 

United  Stales. 
MISSISSIPPI  — Citizens  who  can 

read  or  understand  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  state. 
MISSOURI  — Citizens,  aliens  who 

have     declared    intention    not 

less  than  1  nor  more  than  5  years 

before  offering  to  vote. 
MONTANA— Citizens    of  United 

States,  male  and  female. 
NEBUASKA-Citizens;alienswho  6 

have  declared  intention  30  days 

before  election. 
NEVADA  —  Citizens    of    United 

States,  male  and  female. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE— Citizens  of  6  n 

United  States. 
NEW  .lERSEY-Citizens  of  Unit-  ly 

ed  States. 


NEW  MEXICO— Male  citizens  U.S. 
NEW  YORK  — Male  and  female  ly 
citizens;  90  days. 

NORTH  CAROLINA— Citizens  of  2y. 
United  States  who  can  read. 

NORTH  DAKOTA— Citizens; male  ly. 
and  female   (restricted);   civil- 
ized Indians. 

OHIO- Citizens  of  the  U.  S.  1  y. 


Residence  re- 
quired before 
election  day. 


3  m  3  m  3 


ly 


Yes. 

30dNo. 


3m 
Um6ml  d. 


Rm20d20d20d 


fiOd60d60d 


30d30d30d 
40dlOdlOd 


Iy.90d30d30d 
"    .  4m30d~" 


S0d20d20d 


ly. 


°>0d30d30d  Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 

res. 


....4m 

90  d 


Yes. 


Persons  under  guardianship,  non  compos  mentis, 
insane  or  convicted  of  treason  or  felony. 

Idiots,  insane,  convicts  until  pardoned,  nonpay- 

ment  of  poll  tax. 
Yes.  Chinese,  insane,   embezzlers   of  public  moneys, 
convicts. 


No. 


res. 


Yes. 
(a) 

Yes. 
Yes. 
No. 


r'el 


Yes. 
Yes. 

Yea. 
Yes. 

(d) 
Yes. 

(e) 

Yes. 

(6) 


Excluded  from 
voting. 


If  convicted  of  treason,  embezzlement  of  public 
funds,  malfeasance  in  office  or  other  peniten- 
tiary offenses,  idiots  or  insane. 


Persons  under  guardianship,  insane,  idiots,  pris- 
oners convicted  of  bribery. 

Convicted    of  felony  or  other    infamous   crime 

unless  pardoned. 
Insane,  idiots,  felons,  paupers. 

Persons  not  registered,  insane,  convicts. 
Persons  convicted  of  crimes  punishable   by    lm« 

prisonment.  insane,  delinquent  taxpayers. 
Chinese,     Indians,    insane,    felons,   polygamists, 

bigamists,  traitors,  bribers. 
Convicts  of  penitentiary  until  pardoned. 

Convicts  and  persons  disqualified  by  judgment 
of  a  court,  United  States  soldiers,  marines  and 
sailors. 

Idiots,  insane,  convicts. 

Insane,  persons  under  guardianship,  convicts, 
bribers,  defrauders  of  the  government  and  per- 
sons dishonorably  discharged  from  service  of 
United  States. 

Treason,  felony,  bribery,  idiots,  insane. 

Idiots,  insane,  all  crimes  punishable  by  impris- 
onment, embezzling  public  funds  unless  par- 
doned. 

Paupers,   persons   under   guardianship,  Indians 

not  taxed. 
Persons  convicted  of  larceny  or  other  infamous 

crime,  persons  undergunrdianship,  insane, idiots. 
Paupers  (except  United  States  soldiers),  persona 

under  guardianship. 
Indians    holding    tribal  relations,    duelists  and 

their  abetters. 

Treason,  felony  unless  pardoned,  insane,  persons 

under  guardianship,  uncivilized  Indians. 
Insane,  idiots,  felons,  delinquent  taxpayers. 


Paupers,  persons  convicted  of  felony  or  other 
infamous  crime  or  misdemeanor  or  violating 
right  of  suffrage,  unless  pardoned;  second  con- 
viction disfranchises. 

Indians,  felons,  idiots,  insane. 

Lunatics,  persons  convicted  of  treason  or  felony, 
unless  pardoned,  United  States  soldiers  ana 
sailors. 

Insane,  idiots,  convicted  of  treason  or  felony,  un- 
amnestied  confederates  against  the  United 
States,  Indians  and  Chinese. 

Paupers  (except  honorably  discharged  soldiers), 
persons  excused  from  paying  taxes  at  own  request 

Paupers,  insane,  idiots  and  persons  convicted  of 
crimes  which  exclude  them  from  being  witness- 
es, unless  pardoned. 

Insane,  idiots,  convicts  and  Indians  not  taxed. 

Convicted  of  bribery  or  any  infamous  crime,  unless 
pardoned,  betters  on  result  of  election,  bribers 
for  votes  and  the  bribed. 

Idiots,  lunatics,  convicted  of  felony  or  other  infa- 
mous crimes,  atheists. 

Felons,  idiots,  convicts,  unless  pardoned,  United 
States  soldiers  and  sailors. 

Idiots,  insane.  United  States  soldiers  and  sailors, 
felons,  unless  restored  to  citizenship. 


(a)  Registration  required  in  some  counties.  (6)  In  I  class,    (d)  Required  in  cities  of  1.200  inhabitants  or 
all  cities,  (c)  In  the  cities  of  first,  second  and  third  j  more,    (e)  In  cities  of  100,000  population  or  more. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


407 


Residence  re- 

(3 

REQUIREMENTS 

ouired  before 

FOH  VOTERS  IN  THE 

election  day 

AS 

Erchi'lort  from 

VARIOUS  STATES. 

fr- 

<Mgk               voting. 

State 

Co.  1  Tn. 

>rct 

(§*• 

OKLAHOMA  —  Citizens    or     the 
United  States  and  native  Indians 

iy 

Gm 

30d 

*)d 

Felons,  paupers,  idiots  and  lunatics. 

OREGON  —White  male   and   fe- 
male citizens;    aliens  who  have 
declared  intention  1  year  before 

G  oi 

No.' 

Idiots,  insane,  convicted  felons,  Chinese,  United 
States  soldiers  and  sailors. 

election. 

PENNSYLVANIA  —  Citizens    at 
lease  1  month,  and  if  22  years  old 
must  have  i<aid  tax  within  2  yrs. 

iy. 

2  m 

Yes. 

Persons  convicted  of  some  offense  forfeiting  right 
of  suffrage,  nontaxpayers. 

RHODE    ISLAND  —  Citizens    o± 
United  States. 
SOUTH  CAROLINA—  Citizens  of 
United  States  who  can  read. 
SOUTH    DAKOTA-  Citizens;    al- 
iens who  have  declared  intention 
TENNESSEE-Citizens  who  have 
paid  poll  tax  preceding  year. 

3y. 
2y. 

Gm 

iy. 

30d 
Gm 

6  m 
4m 
10  d 

4m 

10  d 

(c) 
Yes. 
(d) 

Paupers,  lunatics,  idiots,  convicted  of  bribery  orin 
famous  crime  until  restored. 
Paupers,  insane,  idiots,  convicted  of  treason  duel- 
ing or  other  infamous  crime. 
Persons  under  guardian,  idiots,  Insane,  convicted 
oi  treason  or  felony,  unless  pardoned. 
Convicted  of  bribery  or  other  infamous  crime,  fail, 
ure  to  pay  poll  tax. 

TEXAS  —  Citizens;    aliens     who 
have  declared  intention  6  months 

iy. 

Gm 

Gm 

.... 

(/) 

Idiots,  lunatics,  paupers,  convicts,  United  States 
soldiers  and  sailors. 

before  election. 

UTAH—  Citizens  of  United  States, 
male  and  female. 

iy. 

4m 

... 

GOd 



Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  treason  or  violation  of 
election  laws. 

VERMONT  —  Citizens  of  United 
States. 
VIRGINIA—  Citizens  U.S.  of  F<HK] 
understanding  who    have   paid 

iy. 

2y. 

3m 

iy 

3m 

iy 

3m 
30  d 

Yes. 
Yes. 

Unpardoned  convicts,  deserters  from  United  State* 
service  during  the  war,  ex-confederates. 
Idiots,  lunatics,  convicts,  unless  pardoned  by  the 
legislature. 

poll  tax  3  yrs.and  all  ex-soldiers. 

W  ASHlNGTOJX-Citizens  of  Unit-  Iy 

90  d 

30d 

30d 

Indians  not  taxed. 

ed  States,  male  and  female. 

1 

WEST    VIRGINIA  —  Citizens  of 
the  state. 

iy. 

GOd 

10  d 

No. 

Paupers,  idiots,  lunatics,  convicts,  bribers,  United 
States  soldiers  and  sailors. 

WISCONSIN—  Citizens;aliens  who 
havedeclared  intention. 

iy. 

10  d 

10  a 

10  d 

(a) 

Insane,  under  guardian,  convicts,  unless  pard  oned 

W  YOM1  N  ti-Citizens,male  and  fe- 

iy. 

60d|iOd 

10  (L 

Yes. 

Idiots,  insane,  felons,  unable  to  read  the  state  con 

male. 

I 

stltution. 

(a)  In  cities  of  3.000  population  or  over. 
(b)  In  cities  of  not  less  than  9,000  inhabi- 
tants, (c)  Nontaxpayers  must  register  yearly 
before  Dec.  31.  (d)  In  towns  having:  1,000 
voters  and  counties  where  registration  has 
been  adopted  by  popular  vote,  (e)  All  coun- 
ties having  50,000  inhabitants  or  over.  (/) 
In  cities  of  10.000  or  over. 

Notes — The  word  "citizen"  as  used  in  above 
table  means  citizen  of  the  United  States  in 
all  cases. 

The  residence  requirement  is  continuous  resi- 
dence immediately  prior  to  election  day. 

CITIZENSHIP   IN  THE   UNITED   STATES. 

All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the 
United  States  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction 
thereof  are  citizens  of  the  United  States  and 
of  the  state  wherein  they  reside.  (Fourteenth 
amendment  to  the  constitution.) 

All  persons  born  in  the  United  States  and 
not  subject  to  any  foreign  power,  excluding 
Indians  not  taxed,  are  declared  to  be  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States.  (Sec.  1992,  U.  S. 
Revised  Statutes.) 

All  children  heretofore  born  or  hereafter  born 
out  of  the  limits  and  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States,  whose  fathers  were  or  may  be 
at  the  time  of  their  birth  citizens  thereof,  are 
declared  to  be  citizens  of  the  United  States; 
but  the  rights  of  citizenship  shall  not  descend 
to  children  whose  fathers  never  resided  in  the 
United  States.  (Sec.  1993,  U.  S.  Revised 
Statutes.) 

Any  woman  who  is  now  or  may  hereafter 
be  married  to  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
and  who  might  herself  be  lawfully  naturalized 
shall  be  deemed  a  citizen.  (Sec.  1995,  U.  S. 
Revised  Statutes.") 

Children  born  in  the  United  States  of  alien 
parents  are  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

When  any  alien  who  has  declared  his  inten- 
tion to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
die*  before  he  is  actually  naturalized  the 
widow  and  minor  children  of  such  alien  may, 
by  comrjlyinar  with  the  other  provisions  of  this 
act  (June  29,  1906),  be  naturalized  without 


making  any  declaration  of  intention.  If  a 
widow  files  an  application  for  citizenship  based 
on  her  husband's  declaration  of  intention,  the 
children  who  are  unuer  the  age  of  21  at  the 
time  she  is  naturalized  will  be  citizens 
through  her  naturalization,  but  if  the  chil- 
dren are  past  the  age  of  21  and  were  born  in 
a  foreign  country,  it  will  be  necessary  for 
them  to  file  petitions  for  naturalization  in 
their  own  right,  using  their  deceased  father's 
declaration  of  intenuon,  provided  they  were 
under  the  age  of  21  at  the  time  oi  his  death. 

Children  of  Chinese  parents  who  are  them- 
selves aliens  and  incapable  of  becoming- 
naturalized  are  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

Children  born  fti  the  United  States  of  per- 
sons engaged  in  the  diplomatic  service  of  for- 
eign governments  are  not  citizens  oi  th« 
United  States. 

Children  born  of  alien  parents  on  a  vessel 
of  a  foreign  country  while  within  the  waters 
of  the  United  States  are  not  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  but  of  the  country  to  which 
the  vessel  belongs. 

Children  born  of  alien  parents  in  the  United 
States  have  the  right  to  make  an  election  of 
nationality  when  they  reach  their  majority. 

Minors  and  children  are  citizens  within  the 
meaning  of  the  term  as  used  in  the  constitu- 
tion. 

Deserters  from  the  military  or  naval  service 
of  the  United  States  are  liable  to  loss  of  citi- 
zenship. 

Any  alien  being  a  free  white  person,  an 
alien  of  African  nativity  or  of  African  descent 
may  become  an  American  citizen  by  comply- 
ing with  the  naturalization  laws. 

"Hereafter  no  state  court  or  court  of  the 
United  States  shall  admit  Chinese  to  citizen- 
ship; and  all  laws  in  conflict  with  this  »ct 
are  repealed."  (Sec.  14.  a^t  of  May  6.  1882.) 

The  counts  have  held  that  neither  Chinese. 
Japanese.  Hawaiians,  Burmese  nor  Indians  can 
be  naturalized. 

The  naturalization  laws  apply  to  women  se 
well  as  men.  An  alien  woman  who  marries 


108 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


a    citizen,    native    or    naturalized,    becomes    a 
naturalized    citizen    of    the    United    States. 

Aliens  may  become  cuizens  ot  the  United 
States  by  treaties  with  foreign  powers,  by 
conquest  or  by  special  acts  of  congress. 

In  an  act  approved  March  2,  1907,  it  is 
provided  that  any  American  citizen  shall  have 
expatriated  himself  when  he  has  Deen  natural- 
ized in  any  foreign  state  in  conformity  wuh 
its  laws,  or  when  he  has  taken  an  oath  of 
allegiance  to  any  foreign  state. 

When  any  naturalized  citizen  shall  have  re- 
sided for  two  years  in  the  foreign  state  Irom 
which  he  came,  or  five  years  in  any  other 
foreign  state,  it  shall  be  presumed  that  he  has 
ceased  to  be  an  American  citizen,  and  Ihe 
place  of  his  general  abode  shall  be  deemed  his 
place  of  residence  during  said  years:  Pro- 
vided, however,  that  such  presumption  may  be 
overcome  on  the  presentation  of  satisfactory 
evidence  to  a  diplomatic  or  consular  officer  of 
the  United  States,  under  such  rules  and  reg- 
ulations as  the  department  of  state  may  pre- 
scribe; and  provided,  also,  that  no  American 
citizen  shall  be  allowed  to  expatriate  himself 
when  this  country  is  at  war. 

Any  American  woman  who  marries  a  for- 
eigner shall  take  the  nationality  of  her  hus- 
band. At  the  termination  of  the  marital  re- 
lation she  may  resume  her  American  citi- 
zenship, if  abroad,  by  registering  as  an  Amer- 
ican citizen  within  one  year  with  a  consul  of 
the  United  States,  or  by  returning-  to  reside  in 
the  United  States,  or.  if  residing-  in  the 
United  States  at  the  termination  of  the  mari- 
tal relation,  by  continuing  to  reside  therein, 

Any  foreign  woman  who  acquires  Amer- 
ican citizenship  by  marriage  to  an  American 
citizen  shall  be  assumed  to  retain  the  same 
after  the  termination  of  the  marital  relation 
if  she  continue  to  reside  in  the  United  States, 
unless  she  makes  formal  renunciation  there- 
of before  a  court  having-  jurisdiction  to  nat- 
uralize aliens,  or,  if  she  resides  abroad,  she 
may  retain  her  citizenship  by  registering  as 
such  before  a  United  States  consul  within  one 
year  after  the  termination  of  such  marital  re- 
lation. 

A  child  born  without  the  United  States  of 
alien  parents  shall  be  deemed  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States  by  virtue  of  the  naturalization 
of  or  resumption  of  American  citizenship  of 
the  parent:  Provided,  that  such  naturaliza- 
tion or  resumption  takes  place  during-  the 
minority  of  such  child:  fcnd  provided,  fur- 
ther, that  the  citizenship  of  such  minor 
child  shall  begin  at  the  time  such  minor  child 
begins  to  reside  permanently  in  the  United 
States. 

All  children  born  outside  the  limits  of  the 
United  States,  who  are  citizens  thereof  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  section  1993 
of  the  Revised  Statute's  of  the  United  States 
(see  above),  and  who  continue  to  reside  out- 
side of  the  United  States,  shall,  in  order  to 
receive  the  protection  of  the  government,  be 
required,  upon  reaching-  the  age  of  18  years, 
to  record  at  an  American  consulate  their  in- 
tention to  become  residents  and  remain  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  and  shall  further 
be  required  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  United  States  upon  attaining-  their 
majority. 

Any  alien  of  the  ag-e  of  21  years  and  up- 
ward who  may.  under  existing-  law,  become 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  has  served 
or  may  hereafter  serve  for  one  enlistment 
of  not  less  than  four  years  in  the  United 
States  navy,  naval  auxiliary,  marine  corps  or 
revenue  cutter  (coast  guard)  service  and  re- 
ceived an  honorable  disrhare-e  with  recom- 
mendation for  re-enlistment,  shall  be  admitted 
to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  upon 
his  petition  without  previous  decoration  of 
intention  to  become  such,  and  without  proof 
of  residence  on  shore.  (Act  of  June  30, 
1914.) 


NATURALIZATION  LAWS. 
Approved  June   29,   1906. 

Exclusive  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens 
resident  in  their  districts  is  conferred  upon 
the  United  States  Circuit  and  District  courts 
and  all  courts  of  record  having-  a  seal,  a  cierk 
and  jurisdiction  in  actions  in  law  or  equity 
or  botn  in  which  the  amount  in  controversy 
is  unlimited. 

An  aiien  may  be  admitted  to  citizenship  in 
the  following,  manner  and  not  otherwise: 

1.  He  shail  declare  on  oath  before  the  clerk 
of    the    proper    court    at    least    two    years    be- 
lore   his  aurnission,   and  after  he  has  reached 
the  age  of  18  years,  that  it  is  bona  fide  his 
intention    to    become   a  citizen   of   the    United 
biaies  and  to  renounce  allegiance  to  any  for- 
eign   state    or    sovereignty.      Such    declaration 
snail  set  forth  the  same  facts  as  are  registered 
at  the  time  of  his  arrival. 

2.  Not  less  than  two  years  nor  more  than 
seven  after  he   has  made  such  declaration  he 
snail    fiie    a   petition,    signed    by   himself    and 
verified,    in    which   he    shall    state    his    name, 
place  of  residence,  occupation,  date  and  place 
of  birth,  piace  from  which  he  emigrated,  name 
of   the  vessel   on  which  he  arrived,   the   time 
when  and  the   place    and   name   of   the   coilrt 
where  he  declared   his  intention   of  becoming 
a    citizen;    if    he    is   married,    he    shall    state 
the    name    of    his    wife,    the    country    of    her 
nativity    and    her    place    of    residence    at    the 
time  the  petition  is  filed,  and  if  he  has  chil- 
uren,   the  name,   date  and  place  of  birth  and 
place  of  residence  of  each  child  living.     The 
petition   shall    a.so   set    forth   that    he   is   not 
a  disbeliever  in  or  opposed  to  organized  gov- 
ernment   or    a   member   of    any    body   of   per- 
sons   opposed    to    organized    government,    and 
that  he  is  not  a  polygamist  or  a  believer  in 
polygamy;   that  he  intends  to   become  a  citi- 
zen of  and  to  live  permanently  in  the  United 
States,    and  every   other   fact   material   to   his 
naturalization  and  required  to  be  proved  upon 
the  final  hearing  of  his  application.    The  peti- 
tion shall   be   verified   by  the   affidavits   of  at 
least  twp  credible  witnesses  who  are  citizens. 
At  the  time  of  the  filing  of  the  petition  there 
shall   be  a^so  filed   a  certificate   from   the  de- 
partment   of   commerce    and   labor   stating   the 
date,  place  and  manner  of  his  arrival  in  the 
United  States  and  the  declaration  of  intention 
of   such  petitioner,   which  certificate  and  dec- 
laration shall   be   attached  to   and   be   a  part 
of  his  petition. 

3.  He   shall,   before  he  is   admitted   to   citi- 
zenship,   declare    on    oath   in   open    court   that 
he  will  support  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,    and   that    he    absolutely   renounces    all 
allegiance    to    any    foreign    prince,    potentate, 
state   or    sovereignt?'. 

4.  It   shall    be  made   apparent   to   the   satis- 
faction  of   the   court    admitting    any    alien    to 
citizenship     that     immediately     preceding    the 
date    of    his    application    he    has    resided    con- 
tinuously within  the   United  States  five  years 
at    least,    and    within    the    state    or    territory 
where  such  court  is  at  the  time  held  one  year 
at    least,    and   that    during   that   time    he    has 
behaved   as    a  man   of  good   moral   character, 
attached  to  the  principles  of  the  constitution. 
In   addition  to  the  oath  of  the  applicant,   the 
testimony   of    at    least    two    witnesses,    citizens 
of  the  United   States,   as  to  the  facts  of  resi- 
dence, moral  character  and  attachment  to  the 
principles  of  the  constitution  shall  be  required. 

5.  He  must  renounce  any  hereditary  title  or 
order  of  nobility  which  he  may  possess. 

6.  When  any  alien  who  has  declared  h.' 5  in- 
fention   dies  before  he  is   pctually  naturalized 
the   widow   and   minor  children   may,   by  com- 
plying  with    the   other   provisions   of  the   act. 
be    naturalized    without    making    any    declara- 
tion   of   intention. 

Immediately  after  the  filing  of  the  petition 
the  clerk  of  the  court  shall  give  notice  there- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


409 


of  by  posting:  in  a  public  place  the  name, 
nativity  and  residence  of  the  alien,  the  date 
and  place  of  his  arrival  in  the  United  States 
and  the  date  for  the  final  hearing-  of  his  peti- 
tion and  the  names  of  the  witnesses  whom  the 
applicant  expects  to  summon  in  his  behalf. 
Petitions  for  naturalization  may  be  filed  at 
any  time,  but  final  action  thereon  shall  be 
had  only  on  stated  days  and  in  no  case  until 
at  least  ninety  days  have  elapsed  after  the 
filing1  of  the  petition.  No  person  shall  be 
naturalized  within  thirty  days  preceding-  a 
general  election  within  the  territorial  juris- 
diction of  the  court. 

No  person  who  disbelieves  in  or  who  is  op- 
posed to  organized  government,  or  who  is  a 
member  of  or  affiliated  with  any  organization 
entertaining-  and  teaching-  such  disbelief  in  or 
opposition  to  organized  government,  or  who 
advocates  or  teaches  the  duty,  necessity  or 
propriety  of  the  unlawful  assaulting-  or  kill- 
ing- of  any  officer  or  officers  of  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  other 
organized  government,  because  of  his  or  their 
official  character,  or  who  is  a  polygamist, 
shall  be  naturalized. 

No  alien  shall  hereafter  be  naturalized  or 
admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
who  cannot  speak  the  English  language.  This 
requirement  does  not  apply  to  those  physically 
unable  to  comply  with  it,  or  to  those  making- 
homestead  entries  upon  the  public  lands  of 
the  United  States. 

IMMIGRATION    LAW. 
Effective  since  May  1,  1917. 

The  word  "alien"  as  used  in  the  act  includes 
any  person  not  a  native  born  or  naturalized  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States,  but  it  does  not  in- 
clude Indians  of  the  United  States  not  taxed  or 
citizens  of  the  islands  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States.  The  term  "United  States" 
means  the  United  States  and  any  waters,  ter- 
ritory or  other  place  subject  to  the  jurisdiction 
thereof  except  the  Isthmian  Canal  Zone;  but  if 
any  alien  shall  leave  the  Canal  Zone  or  any 
insular  possession  and  attempt  to  enter  any 
other  place  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States  he  is  not  to  be  permitted  to  enter  under 
any  other  conditions  than  those  applicable  to 
all  aliens. 

There  shall  be  collected  a  tax  of  $8  for  every 
alien,  including  alien  seamen  regularly  admit- 
ted, entering  the  United  States.  Children  under 
16  accompanying  father  or  mother  are  not  sub- 
ject to  the  tax.  The  tax  shall  not  be  levied 
on  aliens  who  enter  after  an  uninterrupted  res- 
idence of  at  least  one  year  preceding  such  en- 
trance in  Canada,  Newfoundland,  Cuba  or  Mex- 
ico for  a  temporary  stay,  nor  upon  aliens  in 
transit,  nor  upon  aliens  who,  having  been  law- 
fully admitted,  shall  go  from  one  part  of  the 
United  States  to  another,  although  through  con- 
tiguous foreign  territory. 

Excluded  Aliens. 

The  following  classes  of  aliens  are  excluded 
from  the  United  States:  Idiots,  imbeciles, 
feeble  minded,  epileptics,  insane  persons;  per- 
sons  who  have  had  one  or  more  attacks  of  in- 
sanity previously;  persons  of  constitutional 
psychopathic  inferiority:  persons  with  chronic 
alcoholism;  paupers;  professional  beggars;  va- 
grants; persons  afflicted  with  tuberculosis  in  any 
form  or  with  a  loathsome  or  dangerous  conta- 
gious disease;  persons  not  comprehended  within 
any  of  the  foregoing  excluded  classes  who  are 
found  to  be  and  are  certified  by  the  examining 
surgeon  as  being  mentally  or  physically  defec- 
tive, such  physical  defect  being  of  a  nature 
which  may  affect  the  ability  of  such  alien  to 
earn  a  living;  persons  who  have  been  convicted 
of  or  admit  ha  vine  committed  a  felony  or  other 
crime  or  misdemeanor  involving  moral  turpi- 
tude ;  polygamlsts.  or  persons  who  practice 
polygamy  or  believe  in  or  advocate  the  practice 
of  polygamy;  anarchists,  or  persons  who  believe 
in  or  advocate  the  overthrow  by  force  or  vio- 


lence of  the  government  of  the  United  States 
or  of  all  forms  of  law,  or  who  disbelieve  In 
or  are  opposed  to  organized  government,  or  who 
advocate  the  assassination  of  public  officials,  or 
who  advocate  or  teach  the  unlawful  destruction 
of  property;  persons  who  are  members  of  or 
affiliated  with  any  organization  entertaining  and 
teaching  disbelief  in  or  opposition  to  organized 
government,  or  who  advocate  or  teach  the  duty, 
necessity,  or  propriety  of  the  unlawful  assault- 
ing or  killing  of  any  officer  or  officers,  either 
of  specific  individuals  or  of  officers  generally, 
of  the  government  of  the  United  States  or  of 
any  other  organized  government,  because  of  his 
or  their  official  character,  or  who  advocate  or 
teach  the  unlawful  destruction  of  property: 
prostitutes,  or  persons  coming  into  the  United 
States  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution  or  any 
other  immoral  purpose;  persons  who  directly  or 
indirectly  procure  or  attempt  to  procure  or  im- 
port prostitutes  or  persons  for  the  purpose  of 
prostitution  or  any  other  immoral  purpose; 
persons  who  are  supported  by  or  receive  in 
whole  or  in  part  the  proceeds  of  prostitution; 
Contract  laborers,  who  have  been  induced  or 
assisted  to  migrate  to  this  country  by  offers  or 
promises  of  employment,  whether  such  offers 
or  promises  are  true  or  false,  or  in  consequence 
of  agreements,  oral,  written  or  printed,  express 
or  implied,  to  perform  labor  in  this  country 
of  any  kind,  skilled  or  unskilled;  persons  who 
have  come  in  consequence  of  advertisements  for 
laborers  printed,  published  or  distributed  in  a 
foreign  country;  persons  likely  to  become  a 
public  charge;  persons  who  have  been  deported 
under  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  who 
may  again  seek  admission  within  one  year  from 
the  date  of  such  deportation,  unless  prior  to 
their  re-embarkation  at  a  foreign  port  or  their 
attempt  to  be  admitted  from  foreign  contiguous 
territory  the  secretary  of  labor  shall  have  con- 
sented to  their  reapplying  for  admission;  per- 
sons whose  ticket  or  passage  is  paid  for  with 
the  money  of  another,  or  who  are  assisted  by 
others  to  come,  unless  it  is  satisfactorily  shown 
that  such  persons  do  not  belong  to  one  of  the 
foregoing  excluded  classes;  persons  whose  ticket 
or  passage  is  paid  for  by  any  corporation,  as- 
sociation, society,  municipality,  or  foreign  gov- 
ernment, either  directly  or  indirectly;  stow- 
aways, except  that  any  such  stowaway,  if  other- 
wise admissible,  may  be  admitted  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  secretary  of  labor;  all  children 
under  16  years  of  age  unaccompanied  by  or  not 
coming  to  one  or  both  of  their  parents,  except 
that  any  such  children  may,  in  the  discretion 
of  the  secretary  of  labor,  be  admitted  if,  in  his 
opinion,  they  are  not  likely  to  become  a  public 
charge  and  are  otherwise  eligible;  unless  other- 
wise provided  for  by  existing  treaties,  persons 
who  are  natives  of  islands  not  possessed  by  the 
I'nited  States  adjacent  to  the  continent  of  Asia, 
situate  south  of  the  20th  parallel  latitude  north, 
west  of  the  160th  meridian  of  longitude  east  of 
Greenwich,  and  north  of  the  10th  parallel  lati- 
tude south,  or  who  are  natives  of  any  country, 
province,  or  dependency  situate  on  the  continent 
of  Asia  west  of  the  110th  meridian  of  longitude 
east  from  Greenwich  and  the  24th  and  38th 
parallels  of  latitude  north,  and  no  alien  now  in 
any  way  excluded  from,  or  prevented  from  en- 
tering, the  United  States  shall  be  admitted  to 
the  United  States. 

The  provision  next  foregoing,  however,  shall 
not  apply  to  persons  of  the  following  status  or 
occupation:  Government  officers,  ministers  01 
religious  teachers,  missionaries,  lawyers,  physi- 
cians, chemists,  civil  engineers,  teachers,  stu- 
dents, authors,  artists,  merchants,  and  travelers 
for  curiosity  or  pleasure,  nor  to  their  legal 
wives  or  their  children  under  16  years  of  age 
who  shall  accompany  them  or  who  may  subse- 
quently apply  for  admission  to  the  United 
Stntes,  hut  such  persons  or  their  legal  wives  or 
foreign  born  children  who  fail  to  maintain  in 
the  United  States  a  status  or  occupation  placing 
them  within  the  excepted  classes  shall  be 


410 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


deemed  to  be  in  the  United   States   contrary  to 
law  and  shall   be  subject  to  deportation. 

Literacy  Test. 

After  three  months  from  the  passage  of  this 
act,  in  addition  to  the  aliens  who  are  by  law 
now  excluded  from  admission  into  the  United 
States,  the  following  persons  shall  also  be  ex. 
eluded  from  admission  thereto,  to  wit: 

All  aliens  over  16  years  of  age,  physically 
capable  of  reading,  who  cannot  read  the  Eng- 
lish language,  or  some  other  language  or  dia- 
lect, including  Hebrew  or  Yiddish:  Provided, 
that  any  admissible  alien,  or  any  alien  here- 
tofore or  hereafter  legally  admitted,  or  any  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States,  may  bring  in  or  send 
for  his  father  or  grandfather  over  55  years  of 
Age,  his  wife,  his  mother,  his  grandmother  or 
his  unmarried  or  widowed  daughter,  if  otherwise 
admissible,  whether  such  relative  can  read  or 
not;  and  such  relative  shall  be  permitted  to 
enter.  That  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining 
whether  aliens  can  read  the  immigrant  inspect- 
ors shall  be  furnished  with  slips  of  uniform 
size,  prepared  under  the  direction  of  the  secre- 
tary of  labor,  each  containing  not  less  than 
thirty  nor  more  than  forty  words  in  ordinary 
use,  printed  in  plainly  legible  type  in  some  one 
of  the  various  languages  or  dialects  of  immi- 
grants. Each  alien  may  designate  the  particu- 
lar language  or  dialect  in  which  he  desires  the 
examination  to  be  made,  and  shall  be  required 
to  read  the  words  printed  on  the  slip  in  such 
language  or  dialect.  That  the  following  classes 
of  persons  shall  be  exempt  from  the  operation 
•of  the  literacy  test,  to  wit:  All  aliens-  who 
shall  prove  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  proper 
immigration  officer  or  to  tlie  secretary  of  labor 
that  they  are  seeking  admission  to  the  United 
States  to  avoid  religious  persecution  in  the 
country  of  their  last  permanent  residence, 
whether  such  persecution  be  evidenced  by  overt 
acts  or  by  laws  or  governmental  regulations 
that  discriminate  against  the  alien  or  the  race 
to  which  he  belongs  because  of  his  religious 
faith ;  all  aliens  who  have  been  lawfully  ad- 
mitted to  the  United  States  and  who  have  re- 
sided therein  continuously  for  five  years  and 
who  return  to  the  United  States  within  six 
months  from  the  date  of  their  departure  there- 
from; all  aliens  in  transit  through  the  United 
States;  all  aliens  who  have  been  lawfully  admit- 
ted to  the  United  States  and  who  later  shall 
go  in  transit  from  one  part  of  the  United  States 
to  another  through  foreign  contiguous  territory: 
Provided,  that  nothing  in  this  act  shall  exclude, 
if  otherwise  admissible,  persons  convicted,  or 
who  admit  the  commission,  or  who  teach  or 
advocate  the  commission,  of  an  offense  purely 
political:  Provided  further,  that  the  provisions 
of  this  act  relating  to  the  payments  for  tickets 
or  passage  by  any  corporation,  association,  soci- 
ety, municipality  or  foreign  government  shall 
not  apply  to  the  tickets  or  passage  of  aliens  in 
immediate  and  continuous  transit  through  the 
United  States  to  foreign  contiguous  territory: 
Provided  further,  that  skilled  labor,  if  otherwise 
admissible,  may  be  imported  if  labor  of  like 


kind  unemployed  cannot  be  found  In  this  coun- 
try, and  the  question  of  the  necessity  of  im- 
porting such  skilled  labor  ia  any  particular  in- 
stance may  be  determined  by  the  secretary  of 
labor  upon  the  application  of  any  person  inter- 
ested, such  application  to  be  made  before  such 
Importation,  and  such  determination  by  the  sec- 
retary of  labor  to  be  reached  after  a  full  hear- 
ing and  an  investigation  into  the  facts  of  the 
case:  Provided  further,  that  the  provisions  of 
this  law  applicable  to  contract  labor  shall  not 
be  held  to  exclude  professional  actors,  artists, 
lecturers,  singers,  nurses,  ministers  of  any  reli- 
gious denomination,  professors  for  colleges  or 
seminaries,  persons  belonging  to  any  recognized 
learned  profession,  or  persons  employed  as  do- 
mestic servants:  Provided  further,  that  when- 
ever the  president  shall  be  satisfied  that  pass- 
ports issued  by  any  foreign  government  to  ita 
citizens  or  subjects  to  go  to  any  country  other 
than  the  United  States,  or  to  any  of  its  insular 
possessions  or  the  Canal  Zone,  are  being  used 
lor  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  holder  to  come 
to  the  continental  territory  of  the  United  States 
to  the  detriment  of  labor  conditions  therein, 
the  president  shall  refuse  to  permit  such  persons 
to  enter  the  United  States  or  its  possessions: 
Provided  further,  that  aliens  returning  after  a 
temporary  absence  to  an  unrelinquished  United 
States  domicile  of  seven  consecutive  years  may 
be  admitted  at  the  discretion  of  the  secretary 
of  labor  and  under  such  conditions  as  he  may 
prescribe:  Provided  further,  that  nothing  in  the 
contract-labor  or  reading-test  provisions  of  this 
act  shall  be  construed  to  prevent  any  alien  ex- 
hibitor or  holder  of  any  concession  for  any  fair 
or  exposition  authorized  by  congress  from  bring- 
ing into  the  United  States,  under  contract,  such 
otherwise  inadmissible  alien  mechanics,  artisans, 
agents  or  other  employes,  natives  of  his  coun- 
try, as  may  be  necessary  for  installing  or  con- 
ducting his  exhibit  or  business,  under  such  rules 
as  the  commissioner-general  of  immigration  with 
the  approval  of  the  secretary  of  labor  may  pre- 
scribe, both  as  to  the  admission  and  return  of 
such  persons:  Provided  further,  that  the  com- 
missioner-general of  immigration  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  secretary  of  labor  shall  issue  rules 
and  prescribe  conditions,  including  exaction  of 
such  bonds  as  may  be  necessary,  to  control  and 
regulate  the  admission  and  return  of  otherwise 
inadmissible  aliens  applying  for  temporary  ad- 
mission: Provided  further,  that  nothing  in  this 
a;-t  shall  be  construed  to  apply  to  accredited 
officials  of  foreign  governments,  nor  to  their 
suites,  families  or  guests. 

The  importation  of  any  alien  into  the  United 
States  for  any  immoral  purpose  is  punishable  by 
imprisonment  for  not  more  than  ten  years  and 
by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $5.000.  Violations 
of  the  contract-labor  section  of  the  act  are 
punishable  by  fines  of  $1,000  or  by  imprisonment 
for  not  less  than  six  months  nor  more  than 
two  years.  The  act  provides  fior  the  fining  or  im- 
prisonment of  persons  engaged  in  the  transpor- 
tation of  aliens  into  the  United  States  who  en- 
conrnge  or  help  persons  excluded  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  law  to  enter  the  country. 


DISASTERS   TO    SHIPPING. 

On  and  near  the  coasts  and  on  the  rivers  of  the  United  States  and  American  vessels  at 
and  on  the  coasts  of  foreign  countries. 


YEAR. 

Wrecks. 

Lives 
lost. 

Loss  on 
vessels. 

Loss  on 
cargoes. 

YEAR. 

Wrecks. 

Lives 
lost. 

Loss  on 
vessels. 

Loss  on 
cargoes. 

1896  

1  392 

3o9 

$6,485,595 

$2,018.140 

1908 

J  o41 

374 

$M  655  825 

18S/7.  .. 

1  206 

299 

6.442.175 

1,731.766 

1909  . 

]  317 

403 

9  491  635 

3  '330'  8^5 

1898 

1  191 

743 

10  728  2oO 

1  740515 

1910 

1  493 

403 

i89y 

1  574 

742 

8,932  835 

2  451  905 

1911 

lV'7 

262 

9i665,995 

1900  

1234 

252 

7,186900 

3,350,500 

1912 

1  447 

195 

8  213  375 

1901 

1  313 

452 

7  094  345 

2  147  675 

1913 

1  265 

283 

1902 

1  359 

531 

8  823  920 

2  3U9335 

1914 

1  210 

421 

1903         .     .. 

1  704 

376 

7  Oil  775 

1  722  210 

1915 

1  0>S8 

277 

10*  199  560 

1904  

1  182 

1.454 

r,628  556 

1  634  615 

1916 

1  14Q 

1  364 

12  (i7  1  040 

1905  

1  209 

267 

8,187.500 

2  263,795 

lfi]7 

1072 

*490 

33  708  710 

1906  . 

1  326 

499 

10  OSl)  610 

2  245305 

1918 

976 

398 

1907  

1,670 

624 

13.709,915 

3,062.110 

ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


411 


PAST    POLITICAL    COMPLEXION    OF    THE    STATES     (1838-1916). 

R..  republican:  W..   whig;   D..  democratic:   U..  onion;    A..    American:    A.    M..    anti-Masonic;    N. 
R..   national  republican:   P..   populist:   Pr..   progressive. 


STATE. 

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58 

00 

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Michigan  

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Missouri 

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New  Hampshire 
New  Jersey  
New  Mexico  
New  York  
North  Carolina- 
North  Dakota.... 
Ohio  
Oklahoma  

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Pennsylvania... 
Rhode  Island  — 
South  Carolina.. 

D. 
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w. 

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Virginia  
Washington  
West  Virginia... 

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In  live  states  in  1892  the  electoral  vote  was 
divided:  California  _gave  I  electoral  votes  for 
Cleveland  and  1  for  Harrison  and  Ohio  gave  1  for 
Cleveland  and  22  for  Harrison;  in  Michigan,  by 
act  of  the  legislature,  each  congressional  district 
voted  separately  for  an  elector;  in  Oregon  1  of 
the  4  candidates  for  electors  on  the  people's 
party  ticket  was  also  on  the  democratic  ticket; 
in  North  Dakota  1  of  the  2  people's  party  elec- 
tors cast  his  vote  for  Cleveland,  this  causing  the 
electoral  vote  of  the  state  to  be  equally  divided 

HOMESTEAD    LAWS    OF 

For  full  information  as  to  the  method  of  ac 
quiring  homesteads  on  unappropriated  public 
lands  of  the  United  States  apply  at  the  nearest 
federal  land  office  or  write  to  the  general  land 
office  in  the  department  of  the  interior.  Wash- 
ington D.  C  In  general,  it  may  be  said  that 
any  person  who  is  the  head  of  a  family  or  is 
21  years  old  and  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
or  has  declared  his  intention  to  be  such,  ana  wno 
is  not  the  proprietor  of  more  than  160  acres  of 
land,  is  entitled  to  enter  160  acres  of  public 
land  as  a  homestead.  He  is  obliged  to  pay 
certain  fees  and  commissions,  ranging  from  $7 
to  $18.  according  to  the  amount  of  land  entered 
a«d  its  location,  to  live  upon  the  land  for  a 
certain  length  of  time  and  to  cultivate  a  certain 
amount  of  it.  Recent  laws  provide  for  enlarged 
homesteads  of  320  acres  in  Arizona.  California. 
Colorado.  Idaho.  Montana.  Nevada,  New  Mexico. 


among  Cleveland,  Harrison  and  Weaver.  In  189$ 
California  gave  8  electoral  votes  to  McKinley 
and  1  to  Bryan;  Kentucky  gave  12  to  McKiuley 
and  1  to  Bryan.  In  Maryland  in  1904  1  of  the 
presidential  electors  chosen  were  democrats  and 
1  republican.  In  1908  Maryland  elected  6  demo- 
cratic and  2  republican  electors.  In  1912  California 
elected  11  progressive  and  2  democratic  electors. 
In  1916  West  Virginia  elected  1  democratic  and 
7  republican  electors. 


THE    UNITED    STATES. 

North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Oregon,  Utah, 
Washington  and  Wyoming,  on  nonmiueral,  non- 
irrigable  and  nontimbered  land ;  also  for  stock 
raising  homesteads  of  640  acres  on  land  fit  only 
for  grazing  or  forage  growing  purposes. 

UNITED  STATES  ARSENALS. 
The  largest  of  the  United  States  arsenals  are 
located  at  Rock  Island.  111.,  and  Springfield. 
Mass.  Others  are  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  Augusta, 
Ga.;  Benicia,  Cal. ;  Columbia.  Tenn.;  Port  Mon- 
roe. Va. ;  Philadelphia.  Pa.;  Indianapolis.  Ind.: 
Governor's  island,  N.  Y. :  -Jefferson  barracks. 
Mo.;  Sandy  Hook,  N.  Y.:  San  Antonio.  Tex.; 
Dover,  N.  J. :  Watertown.  Mass..  and  Waterrliet. 
N.  Y.  Some  of  the  above  are  merely  powder  de- 
pots, the  principal  manufacturing:  plants  being 
at  Rock  Island.  Springfield  and  Watervliet.  The 
nayy  yards  are  also  arsenals. 


413 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


PRESIDENTIAL    VOTE     (1828-1916). 

YR.J  Candidate. 

Party. 

Popular 
vote. 

Per 
cent. 

E  lec- 
torai 
vote 

FR. 

Candidate. 

Party. 

Popular 
vote. 

Per 
cent. 

Elec- 
toral 
vote. 

1*8 
1828 

1832 
1832 
1832 

1836 
183b 
1830 
1840 
184U 
1840 
1844 
1844 
1844 

1848 
1852 
1852 
1852 
1856 
1856 
185(1 
1860 
1860 
1860 
186G 

188 

Hi? 

1872 
1872 
187C 
187f 
1876 
187( 
1876 
1880 
1881 
1880 
1SSO 
18SO 
1S81 
1881 
1884 
1881 

Jackson  
Adams  
Jackson  
Clay  
Floyd  
win  

democrat.. 
Federal.... 
Democrat.  . 
Whig  
Whig  
Anti-M  

647,231 
•       509,097 
687.502 
53q,189 

I        33,108 
761,549 

736,656 
J    1,128,702 

""MS 
]SS 

62,300 
1,360.101 
L220.544 
291,263 
1,601,474 
1,380,678 
156,149 
1,838,169 
1,341,264 
874,534 
1,375,157 
845.763 
1,866.352 
589.581 
I,e08,725 
2.216,067 
2.709,613 
3.015.071 
2,834,079 
29,408 
3,597,070 
5.608 
4,284,885 

4'f?3 

9522 

55.97 
44.03 
54.96 
42.39 
2.65 
50.83 

49.17 

46.82 
52.89 
.39 
49.55 
48.14 
2.31 
47.36 
42.50 
10.14 

51.  as 

43.99 
4.98 
45.34 
33.09 
21.57 
29.40 
18.08 
39.91 
12.61 
4J.94 
55.06 
47.33 
52.67 
43.83 
.45 
55.63 
.09 
50.94 
47.95 
.97 
.11 
.03 
43.23 
48.31 
3.34 

:J! 

48.89 
48.27 
1.33 
1.51 

178 
83 
219 
49 
11 

4 

26 
14 
11 
60 
234 

'"ifo 

105 

'"i63 
107 

""254 
42 

'"i74 
114 
8 
12 
72 
180 
39 
21 
216 
80 
214 
*66, 

292 

"'184 
185 

'"155 
214 

"*2'i9 
182 

1888 
1888 
1888 
18S8 
1888 
1802 
1892 
1892 
1892 
1892 
1890 
1896 
1896 
1896 
l-'.'.l 
1896 

1900 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1908 
1908 
1906 
1908 
1908 
1908 
1908 
1908 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 

Cleveland  
Harrison  
Streeter  
Fisk 

Democrat.  . 
Republican 
Union  Lab. 

5,540,05ol 
5,444.337 
146,897 
250,125 
2,808 
5,554.414 
5,190.802 
271,058 
1,027,329 
21.164 
7,035,638 
6,467,946 
141.676 
13,969 
36.454 
131.529 
7.219.530 
6,358.071 
209.166 
50.232 
94,76b 
32,751 
518 
5.098 
7,628.834 
5,084.491 
259.257 
402.460 
114,753 
33,724 
830 
7,679.006 
6,409.106 
252.U83 
420.820 
28.131 
83,562 
13,823 
461 
6,286.214 
4,126.020 
3,483.922 
897.01] 
208.923 
29.079 
9.129.606 
8,538,221 
220.506 
685.  Hi 
13.403 
41.894 

48.K6 
47.82 
1.29 
2.20 
.03 
46.04 
43.02 
2.24 
8.51 
.19 
50.88 
46.77 
1.03 
.10 
.27 
.95 
51.69 
45.51 

':£ 

.67 
.23 
.00 
.04 
56.41 
37.60 
1.91 
2.98 
.85 
.25 
.00 
51.58 
43.05 

18 

.19 
1.56 
.10 
.00 

ss 

IS 

1.39 
.20 
49.28 
46.07 
1.19 
3.16 
.(T 
.23 

168 
233 

'1 

"'22 

"27J 
176 

"292 
155 

"336 
140 

"32*1 

162 

-436 

1 

"'277 
254 

United  Lab 
Democrat.. 
Republican 
Prohibition 
People's.... 
Socialist.... 
Republicac 
Democrat.. 
Prohibition 
National... 
Soc  Labor 

Cleveland  
Harrison  
Bidwell  
Weaver  
Wing  
McKinley  
Bryan  
Levering  
Bentley  
Matchett  
Palmer  

Van  liuren.... 
Harrison  
White  
Webster  
Mangum  
Van  Buren.., 
Harrison  
Birney  

Democrat.. 
Whig  
Whig  
Whig  
Whig  
Democrat.  . 
Whig  
Liberty  
Democrat.  . 
Whig  
Liberty  
Whig  
Democrat.  . 
Free  Soil... 
Democrat.  . 
Whig  
Free  Soil... 
Democrat.  . 
Republican 
American.. 
Democrat.  . 
Democrat.. 
Republican 
Union  
Democrat.  . 
Republican 
Democrat.. 
Republican 
Democrat.  . 
[nd.  Dem... 
Republican 
T'mpera'ce 
Democrat.  . 
Republican 
Greenback. 
Prohibition 
American.. 
Democrat.. 
Republican 
Sreenback. 
Prohibition 
American.. 
Democrat.  . 
Republican 
Greenback. 
Prohibition 

Polk... 

Clay  

Nat  Dem 

McKinley  
Bryan  

Republican. 
Democrat.. 
Prohibition 
People's.... 
Soc.  Dem...  . 
Soc.  Lab.... 
United  Chr. 
Union  R.... 
Republican 
Democrat  .  . 
Prohibition 
Socialist.... 
People's.... 
Soc.  Lab.... 
Continental 
Republican 
Democrat... 
Prohibition 
Socialist.... 
People's  — 

Taylor  
Cass  
Van  Buren.... 
Pierce  

Woolley  
Barker  
Debs  
Malloney  
Leonard  
Ellis  

Scott  
Hale  

Buchanan  — 
Fremont,  
Fillmore  , 
Douglas  
Breckinridge 
Lincoln  • 

Roosevelt  
Parker  
Swallow  
Debs  
Watson  
Corregan  
Holcomb  
Taft  

Bell  
McClellan  
Lincoln  
Seymour.  

Bryan  

Chatin 

Greeley  

Debs  
Watson  
Hisfjen 

O'Conor.  
Grant  

Black  

Gillhaus  
Turney  
Wilson  

Soc.  Lab.... 
Untd.  Chr.. 
Democrat... 
Progressive 
Republican 
Socialist... 
Prohibition 
Soc.  Lab... 
Democrat.  . 
Republican 

Tilden  

Hayes  

Roosevelt  
Taft 

Smith 

Walker 

Ma 

4,442,035 
4,449,053 
307.306 

10« 

4,911.017 

4,848.334 
133,825 
151,809 

Debs  
Chafln 

Hancock  
Garfleld  .... 

Ileimer  
Wilson 

Weaver  
Dow  

Hughes  
Hanly  

Phelps  

Prohibition 
Socialist... 

Cleveland.... 
Blaine 

Benson  

Soc.-Labor. 
Progressive 

Butler  
St.  John  

'Owing1  to  the  d«\ith  of  Mr.  Greeley,  the  66  electoral  votes  were  variously  cast.  Thomas 
A.  Hendricks  received  42,  B.  Gratz  Brown  18,  Horace  Greeley  3.  Charles  J.  Jenkins  2,  David 
Davis  1. 


PARTY  PLURALITIES  AND   TC 
,  Plurality  .  % 
Year.          Republican.  Democratic. 
1828...                                    138,134 
1832  157,313 
1836  24,893 

TAL»  VOTE. 

Total  vote. 
1.156.328 
1.250.799 
1,498,205 
2.410.778 
2.698.611 
2.871.928 
3.138.301 
4.053,967 
4.676.863 
4.024.792 
5,724.684 
6.466.165 
8.412.733 
9.209.588 
10.044.985 
11.384.216 
12.064.767 
13.827.212 
13,970.134 
13,524.349 
tl4.887.594 
15.031.169 
18.528.743 
at  lor  united 

THE    ELECTOR 

[Based  on  cen 
State.                   Vote. 
Alabama  12 
Arizona  3 

AL    COLLEGE. 

sus  of  1910.] 
State. 
Nevada  
New  Hampshire 

Vote. 
...      3 
...      4 
...14 

1840  146.315*       
1844  38,175 
1848  139,557*       
1852  220.796 
1856                                       496  905 

Florida 

,      13 
..      6 

..     7 
,      3 

New  York  
North  Carolina.. 
North  Dakota... 
Ohio   

...45 
...12 

-4 

1860...     .    491.195 
1864               407  342 

Idaho 

..   14 
^ 

Oregon  

10 
...     5 

1868  305,458         

Illinois  

..    29 

Pennsylvania  ... 
Rhode  Island 

...   38 

1872  762«991         
1876  250,935 

Iowa  

13 

South    Carolina. 
South  Dakota... 

Texas  

20 

1880  7,018        
1884  62.683 
1888  95.713 

10 
..    13 
..    10 

1892  363,612 
1896  567,692         :.... 
1900  861.459         
1904  2  544  343 

Maryland  
Massachusetts    .. 

..      6 
..      8 
..   18 
1*5 

Virginia   
Washington  .... 

:::i| 

...      7 

1908  1.269,900 

..    12 

West  Virginia... 
Wisconsin   
Wyoming  

:::  i| 

1912     ..                              2  160  194 

Mississippi  

..    10 

18 

1916                                         591  385 

*Whig.     tlncludes  461  votes  ca 
Christian  party. 

4 

Total 

5"3T 

Nebraska  .. 

8 

Nee.  to  choice.. 

...266 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


413 


HISTORICAL    DATA    AS    TO    STATES    AND    TERRITORIES. 


STATE  cm  TERRITORY. 

Admitted  to 
the  union. 

Popula- 
tion, 
1910. 

Area. 
Sq.M. 

Settled  at. 

Date 

By  whom. 

Rep. 
in 
cong. 

Elee* 
toral 
votd. 

Alabama  
Alaska  Territory  

Dec.  14,1819.. 
:.  July  27,  1868. 
June  20,  1910.. 

2,138.093 
64.856 
204,854 
1.574.449 
2,377,549 
799024 
1,114.756 
202.322 
331.069 
752.619 
2,609  121 
9,000 
191.1)09 
325.594 
5,638.5?! 
2.700,876 
2,224,771 
1.690.949 
2.2S9.903 
1,056.388 
742,371 
1.295,3-16 
3.366,413 
2.810,173 
2,075,708 
1.797,114 
3,293,3o5 

L192.214 

81  ,8'.  5 
430,572 
2,537,167 
827.EOI 
9,113.614 
2,20(5,217 
577,056 
4.767,121 
1,657,155 
672,765 
7.665,111 
7,635.4^(5 
1,118,012 
542,610 
1,515,400 
583,883 
2,184,789 
3,896,542 
373,551 

2,061,612 

L22U19 

2,8o3,860 
145.531 

51.998 
590.884 
113.956 
53,335 
158.297 
103.948 
4,965 
2,370 

59^265 
150 
6,449 
83.888 
56,655 
36.254 
56,147 
82,158 
40.598 
48.506 
33.040 
12.327 
8.266 
57,980 
84,682 
46,865 
69,420 
146,997 
77.520 
110,090 
9.341 
8,224 
122.C34 
49,204 
52.426 
70,837 
41.040 
70.057 
96,699 
45.126 
114,000 
3,435 
1,248 
30.989 
7r,615 
42,022 
265,896 
84.990 

Jg 

69,127 
24,170 
56.066 
97.914 

Mobile...., 
Sitka  
Tucson..  .. 

1702 
1801 
1580 
1685 
1769 
1858 
1635 
1C27 
1660 
1565 
1733 

French  
Russians  
Spaniards  .... 
French  
Spaniards..  .. 
Americans.... 
Puritans  
Swedes  
English 

10 

*{ 

11 
J 

12 

"  '3 
9 
13 
6 
7 
3 

June  15,  1836. 
Sept.  9,  1850.. 
Aug.  1,  1876... 
'Tan.  9,  1788... 
'Dec.  7,1787... 
Mulyl6,1790.. 
March  3,  1845 
Man.  2,  1788... 

Ark'nsasPost 
San  Diego.... 
Near  Denver. 
Windsor.  .. 

California  

Connecticut  

C.Henlopen.. 

District  of  Columbia  
Florida  
Georgia  

St.  Augustine 
Savannah.... 

Spaniards  
English  
Spaniards.... 

4 
12 

6 

14 

Guam  Colony  
Hawaii  Territory  

Aug.  12,  1698. 
April  oO.  1900. 
July3,  1890... 
Dec.  3,  1818... 
Dec.  11,  1816.. 
March  3,  1845 
Jan.  29,  1861.. 
Feb.  4,  1792... 
April8,  1812.. 
March  3,  1820 
*  April  28,  1788. 
'Feb.  6,  1788.  . 
Jan.  26,  1837. 
May  11,  1858.. 
Dec.  10,  1817.. 
March  2,  1821. 
Nov.  8,  1889... 
March  1,1807. 
"Oct.  13,  1364... 
Mune  21,  1788. 
-Dec.  18,  1787.  . 
June  20,  1'JIO. 
Muly26.1788.. 
Nov.  2  1,1789.. 

Agana  

Iflaho      

Cceurd'Alent 
Kaskaskia.... 
Vincenncs...  . 

1842 
1720 
1730 

Americans.... 
French 

2 
27 
13 

11 
8 
4 
6 
16 
13 
10 
8 

'i 

6 
1 
2 
12 
1 
43 
10 
3 
22 
8 
3 
36 

4 
29 
15 
13 
10 

6 
8 
18 

3 

10 

4 
8 
3 
4 
14 
3 
45 
12 

4 

10 
5 
38 

Illinois 

Burlington.  .  . 

Lexington  — 
Ibervllle  
Bristol  

1788 
1831 

]'*99 

i;24 

1620 
3650 
1805 
1716 
1764 
1809 
1847 
1850 
1023 
1620 
1537 
1C.14 
U30 
1780 
1788 
1889 
1810 
1682 
1570 
1510 
1636 
1G70 
1856 
1757 
1686 
1847 
1764 
1607 
1811 
1774 
1670 

French 

Kansas  
Kentucky.  

Americans.... 
From  Va  
French  

Maine 

Jt.  Mary's  
Plymouth  
Near  Detroit. 
St.  Peter's  11.. 
Natchez  
St.  Louis  

English 

Massachusetts  

Puritans  
French  
Americans.... 
From  S.  C  

Mississippi  

Americans.... 
Americans  
Americans.... 
Puritans  
Swedes  
Spaniards  
Dutch 

Bellevue  

Nevada  

JJDover 

New  Jersey  

Bergen  
Santa  Fe  
Manhattan  I. 
Albemarle  
Pembina  
Marietta  

New  York             

English  
French  
Americans.... 
Americans.... 
Americans.... 
English 

North  Dakota  

Nov.  2,  1889... 

Ohio  

Nov.  29,  1802.. 
Nov.  16,  1907.. 
Fob.  14,  1859.. 
*Dec.  12,  1787.  . 
"Nov.  28,1898. 
TAug.  12,1898. 
•May  29,  1790.  . 
'May  23,  1788.. 
Nov.  2,  1889... 
June  1,1196... 
Dec.  29,  1845.. 
Jan.  4,  1896... 

Oklahoma  
Oregon  

Astoria  
Delaware  B.. 
Manila  

Philippines  

Porto  Rico  

Caparra  
Providence... 
Port  Royal... 
Sioux  Falls... 
Ft.  Loudon... 
Matagorda  B. 
Salt  Lake  City 
Ft.  Dummer.. 
Jamestown,.. 
Astoria  

Spaniards.... 
English  
Huguenots... 
Americans  .  .  . 
English  
French  
Americans... 
English  
English  
Americans.... 
English  
French  
Americans...  . 

1 

3 
10 
18 
2 
2 
10 
6 
6 
11 
1 

5 
9 
g 

12 
20 

4 
4 
12 
7 

Rhode  Island  

South  Dakota  

Texas  

Utah  

Vermont  

Fob.  18.  1791.. 

Virginia  

Mune26,1788.. 
Nov.  11.  1889.. 
Dec.  31,  1862.. 
Ma  y  29,  18-18... 
JtilyllJSIX).. 

West  Virginia 

Wheeling  
Green  Bay.... 
Ft.  Laramie.. 

Wisconsin    .. 

Wyoming  

*Ratified    the    constitution.      fOrganized    as 
territory.     ^Delegate.    ^Signing-  of  protocol  re- 
linquishing-     sovereignty.       **  Yielding     sover- 
eignty.    Population  in  1903.     ttCommissioner. 
JJAlso  Portsmouth. 

Historians   do  not    all    agree   as   to   some   of 
the  dates  in  the  above  table.     The  dates  given 
are  from  the  statistical  abstract  of  the  United 
States  published   by  the   government    and  are 
well  supported  in  all  disputed  cases. 

Cong-.  Years. 


1. 

2.  . 

3.  . 
4-5. 


Name. 


SPEAKERS    OF 

Born  .Died. 


1789-91  F.A.Muhlenberg(Pa.)  1750  1801 
.  1791-93  J.  Trumbull  (Conn.). 1740  1809 
.  1793-95  F.A.Muhlenberg*  Pa.)  1750  1801 
. 1795-99  J.  Dayton  (N.  J.)..1760  1824 
. 1799-01  T.  Sedgwick  (Mass.). 1746  1813 
7-9.  ..1801-07  N.  Macon  (N.  C.)..1757  1837 
10-11.1807-11  J.  B.  Varnum  (Mass.)  1750  1821 
12-13. 1811-14  Henry  Clay  (Ky.)...1777  1852 
13.  .  .  1814-15  LangrdonCheves(S.C-)  1776  1857 
14-16. 1815-20  Henry  Clay  (Kv.)...1777  1852 
10.  .  .1820-21  J.  W.  Tavlor  (N.  Y.)1784  1854 

17.  .  .1821-23  P.  P.  B^rbour    (Va.).1783   1841 

18.  .  .1823-25  Henry    C'ay     (Ky.)...1777   1852 

19.  .  .1825-27  J.  W.  Taylor   (N.  Y.)1784   1854 
20-23. 18<>7-34  A.    Stevenson     (Va.)  .  1784   1857 
23.  .  .3834-35  John   PHI    (T<>nn.)  . .  .1797   1869 
24-25.1835-39  J.   F.   Polk    (Tenn.)  ..  1795   1849 
26 ...  1 839-41  R.  M.  T.  Hunter  ( Va.)  1809   1887 

27.  .  .1841-43  John  White  (Ky.)  . ..  .1805  1845 

28.  .  .1843-45  J.    W.   Jones    (Va.)..1805   1848 

29.  .  .1845-47  J.  W.  Davis    (Ind.)  .  .1799  1850 


THE    HOUSE. 

Cong:.  Years.  Name.  Born.Died. 

30.  .  .  1847-49  R.C.Winthrop  (Mass.)  1809  1894 

31.  ..1849-51  Howell  Cobb    (Ga.)..1815  1868 
32-33.1851-55  Linn    Boyd    (Ky.)  ...  1800  1859 

34.  .  .1856-57  N.  P.  Banks    (Mass.). 1816  1894 

35.  .  .1857-59  James  L.  Orr   (S.  C.K1822  1873 

36.  .  .1860-61  W.Pennington  (N.J.)  .1796  1862 

37.  .  .1861-63  G.  A.  Grow  (Pa.)..  1823  1907 

38-40.1863-69  S.    Coif  ax    (Ind.) 1823  1885 

41-43.1869-75  J.   G.   Blaine    (Me.)..  1830  1893 

44.  .  .1875-76  M.    C.    Kerr    (Ind.)..  1827  1876 

44-46.1876-81  S.   J.   Randall    (Pa.).  1828  1890 

47.  .  .1881-83  J.  W.  Keifer   (O.)  .  .  .1836  . 

48-50.1883-89  J.    G.   Carlisle    (Ky.).1835  1910 

51.  .  .1889-91  Thos.  B.  Reed    (Me.). 1839  1902 

52-53.1891-95  C.    F.    Crisp     (GO..  1845  1896 

54-55.1895-99  Thos.  B.  Reed   (Me.)  .  1839  1902 

56-57. 1899-03  D.B.Henderson  (Ta.)  .1840  1906 

58-61.1903-11  J.  G.  Cannon    (111.). .1836  .... 

62-65.1911-19  Champ   Clark    'Mo.). 1850  

66.  .  .1919-21.  P.  H.  Gillett   (Mass.)  1851 


414 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


POSTAL    INFORMATION. 

DOMESTIC  RATES. 

blind.      (Books    are    included    in    fourth-class    or 

First-Class  Matter. 

parcel  post  mail.) 

Rates  of  postage  —  Letters  and  other  first-class 

The    limit   of    weight   ^ 

>f   third-class   matter   is 

matter,  2  cents  for  each  ounce  or  fraction  there- 

four  pounds. 

of.     Postcards  and  postal  curds,   1  cent  each. 
"Drop   letters,"    addressed   for  delivery   at   the 
office   where   mailed.    2  cents   for  each   ounce  or 
fraction    thereof    when    deposited    at    postoffices 
whore   letter   carrier   service   is  not   established. 

Fourth-Class  Matter   (Domestic  Parcel  Post). 
Fourth-class    matter    embraces    that    known    as 
domestic  parcel  post  mail  and  includes  farm  and 
factory  products   (and  books),   not  now  embraced 

There  is  no  drop  rate  on  mail  other  than  letters. 

,,  

The  limit  of  weight  of  first-class  matter  is  four 

1st.    2d.      3d.    4th.    5th.    6th.    7th.    8th. 

pounds. 
First-class     matter    includes     written    matter, 

Up  to      50  to    150  to     300  to    600  to   1000  to  1400  to    Over 
Weight    Lo-        60           150       300         600        1000       1400       1800        1800 

namely,  letters,  postal  cards,  postcards   (private 
mailing  cards)    and  all  matter  wholly  or  partly 

in  Ibs.      oal.    miles,    miles,     miles,    miles,    miles,     miles,     miles,     mile* 

l...$0.05  $0.05  $0.05  $0.06  $0.07  $0.08  $0.09  $0.11  $0.12 

in   writing,    whether   sealed   or   unsealed    (except 

2...     .06      .06      .06      .08 

.11       .14       .17       .21       .24 

manuscript    copy    accompanying    proof    sheets    or 

3...     .06      .07      .07      .10 

.15      .20      .25      .31      .36 

corrected  proof  sheets  of  the  same  and  the  writ- 

4...    .07      .08      .08      .12 

.19      .26      .33      .41      .48 

ing  authorized  by  law  on  matter  of  other  class- 

5...    .07      .09      .09      .14 

.23      .32      .41      .51      .60 

es).      Also    matter    sealed    or    otherwise    closed 

6...     .08      .10      .10      .16 

.27      .38      .49      .61      .72 

against  inspection. 

7...     .08      .11      .11      .18 

.31      .44      .57      .71      .84 

Second-Class  Matter. 

8...     .09      .12      .12      .20 

.35      .50      .65      .81      .96 

Rate    of    postage  —  Newspapers    and    periodical 

9...     .09      .13      .13      .22 

.39      .56      .73      .91    1.08 

publications  of  the  second  class,    when  sent  un- 

10...    .10      .14      .14      .24 

.43      .62      .81    1.01    1.20 

sealed  by  others  than   the  publisher  or  a   news 

11...     .10      .15      .15      .26 

.47  -   .68      .89    1.11    1.32 

agent,    1  cent  for  each   four  ounces  or   fraction 

12...     .11      .16      .16      .28 

.51      .74      .97    1.21    1.44 

thereof     on    each    separately    addressed    copy    or 

13...     .11      .17      .17      .30 

.55      .80    1.05    1.31    1.56 

package   of  unaddressed   copies.     To   be   entitled 

14...     .12      .18      .18      .32 

.59      .86    1.13    1.41    1.68 

to  this   rate   the  copies   must  be   complete.     In- 

15...    .12      .19      .19      .34 

.63      .92    1.21    1.51    1.80 

complete    copies    are    third-class    matter. 

16...     .13      .20      .20      .36 

.67      .98    1.29    1.61    1.92 

Second-class    matter    includes    newspapers    and 

17...     .13      .21      .21      .38 

.71    1.04    1.37    1.71    2.04 

periodicals  bearing  notice  of  entry  as  second-class 

18...     .14      .22      .22      .40 

.75    1.10    1.45    1.81    2.16 

matter.     No  limit  of  weight  is  prescribed. 

19...     .14      .23      .23      .42 

.79    1.16    1.53    1.91    2.2S 

On  and  after  July  1,  1918,  the  rates  of  postage 

'40...     .15      .24      .24      .44 

.83    1.22    1.61    2.01     2.40 

on    publications    entered    as    second-class    matter, 

21...     .15      .25      .25      .46 

.87    1.28    1.69    2.11    2.52 

when  sent  by  the  publisher  or  a  news  agent  to 

22...     .16      .26      .26      .48 

.91    1.34    1.77    2.21    2.64 

subscribers  or  to  other  agents  for  the  purpose  of 

23...     .16      .27      .27      .50 

.95    1.40    1.85    2.31    2.76 

sale,   on  the  portion  of  a  publication   devoted  to 

24...     .17       .28       .28      .52 

.99    1.46    1.93    2.41    2.88 

other   matter   than   advertisements,    shall   be    1% 

25...      .17      .29      .29      .54 

1.03    1.52    2.01    2.51    3.00 

cents  per  pound  or  fraction  thereof  until  July  1, 

26...     .18      .30      .30      .56 

1.07    1.58    2.09    2.61    3.12 

1919  ;  after  that  1%  cents  per  pound  or  fraction 

27...     .18      .31      .31      .58 

1.11    1.64    2.17    2.71    3.24 

thereof;  on  the  portion  of  a  publication  devoted 

28...     .19      .32      .32      .60 

1.15    1.70    2.25    2.81    3.36 

to  advertisements  the  rates  per  pound  or  fraction 

29...     .19      .33       .33       .62 

1.19    1.76    2.33    2.91    3.48 

thereof  for  delivery  within  the  several  zones  de- 

30...    .20      .34      .34      .64 

1.23    1.82    2.41    3.01    3.60 

voted    to    fourth-class    matter    shall    be:      From 

31...     .20      .35      .35      .66 

1.27    1.88    2.49    3.11    3.72 

July  1,  1918,  to  July  1,  1919,  for  the  1st  and  2d 

32...      .21       .36       .36       .68 

1.31    1.94    2.57    3.21    3.84 

zones,  1*4  cents  ;  3d  zone,   1%  cents  ;  4th  zone,   2 

33...     .21      .37      .37      .70 

1.35    2.00    2.65    3.31    3.96 

cents;   5th   zone,    2V4   cents;   6th   zone,   2l/2  cents; 

34...     .22      .38      .38      .72 

1.39    2.06    2.73    3.41    4.08 

7th   zone,   3   cents  ;   8th   zone,   314  cents  ;   between 

35...     .22      .39      .39      .74 

1.43    2.12    2.81     3.51    4.20 

July   1,    1919.    and    July   1,    1920,    for   1st   and   2d 

36...      .23      .40      .40      .76 

1.47    2.18    2.89    3.61    4.32 

zones,    1%   cents  ;    3d   zone,    2   cents,    4th    zone,    3 

37...      .23      .41      .41      .78 

1.51    2.24    2.97    3.71    4.44 

cents  ;  5th  zone,  3V<>  cents  ;  6th  zone,  4  cents  ;  7th 

38...      .24      .42      .42      .80 

1.55    2.30    3.05    3.81    4.5& 

zone,  5  cents  ;   8th  zone,   5%   cents  ;  from  July  1, 

39...     .24      .43      .43      .82 

1.59    2.36    3.13    3.91    4.68 

1920,   to  July  1,   1921,    for  1st  and  2d  zones,    1% 

40...      .25      .44      .44      .84 

1.63    2.42    3.21    4.01    4.80 

cents  ;  3d  zone,  2%  cents  ;  4th  zone,  4  cents  ;  6th 

41...      .25      .45      .45       .86 

1.67    2.48    3.29    4.11    4.92 

zone,   4%   cents;   6th  zone,  5%  cents;   7th  zone,  7 

42...      .26      .46       .46       .88 

1.71    2.54    3.37    4.21    5.04 

cents;  8th  zone,  7%  cents;  'after  July  1,  1921,  for 

43...      .26      .47      .47      .90 

1.75    2.60    3.45    4.31    5.16 

the  1st  and  2d  zones,   2  cents;   3d  zone.   3  cents; 

44...      .27       .48      .48       .92 

1.79    2.66    3.53    4.41    5.28 

4th  zone,  5     ents  ;  5th  zone,  6  cents  ;  7th  zone,  9 

45...      .27      .49      .49       .94 

1.83    2.72    3.61    4.51    5.40 

cents  ;  8th  zone,  10  cents. 

46...      .28      .50      .50      .96 

1.87    2.78    3.69    4.61    5.52 

In   the  case  of  newspapers   entitled  to  be  en- 

47...     .28      .51       .51      .98 

1.91    2.84    3.77    4.71    5.64 

tered    as    second-class    matter    and    published    in 

48  ..      .29      .52       .52     1.00 

1.95    2.90    3  85    4.81    5  76 

the   interest  of   religious,    educational,    scientific, 

40...      .29      .53       .53    1.02 

1.99    2.96    3.93    4.91    5.88 

philanthropic,   agricultural,   labor  or  fraternal  or- 

50...     .30       .54      .54       .04 

2.03    3.02    4.01    5.01     6.00 

ganizations,   not  organized   for   profit,    the  rates, 

51...     .30      .55      .55      .Ofi 

irrespective  of  the   zone  in   which   delivered    (ex- 

52...     .31      .56      .56       .08 

cept   where    the    same   are   deposited   in   a   letter 

53...      .31       .57      .57       .10 

by   law  in   either  the 

carrier  office  for  delivery  by  its  carrier,  in  which 

54...      .32      .58      .58       .12 

first    or    second    class 

case  the  old  rate  prevails),  shall  be  1%  cents  a 

55...      .32      .59       .59       .14 

or     (with    the    excep- 

pound  or   fraction   thereof  between   July  1,   1918, 

56...     .33      .60      .60      .16 

tion  of  books)   in  the 

and  July  1,  1919,  and  after  that  1%  cents. 

57...      .33       .61       .61       .18 

third    class,    not     ex- 

Third-Class  Matter. 

58...     .34      .62      .62      .20 

ceeding-  seventy  pounds 

Rate   of   postage  —  On   unsealed   third  class  mat- 

59...     .34      .63      .63       .22 

in  w  e  i  g  h  t    (when 

ter   the   rate   is  1   cent    for   each   two   ounces   or 

60...     .35      .64      .64      .24 

mailed      for     delivery 

fraction   thereof   on   each   individually    addressed 

61...      .35       .65       .65       .26 

within  the  first  or  sec- 

piece  or   package. 

62...     .36      .66      .66      .28 

ond  zon^s,  nor  exceed- 

Third-class   matter    embraces    circulars,    news- 

63...     .36      .67       .67       .30 

ing-    fifty    pounds    in 

papers   and   periodicals  not  admitted   to   the   sec- 

64...    .37      .68      .68    1.32 

weight     when     mailed 

ond    class,    nor    embraced    in    the    term    "book," 

65...     .37       .69       .69    1.34 

for     delivery     within 

miscellaneous  printed  matter  on  paper  not  having 

66...      .38       .70      .70    1.36 

any      of      th«      other 

the  nature  of  an  actual  personal  correspondence, 

67...     .38      .71      .71    1.38 

zones),  nor  greater  in 

proof   sheets,    corrected   proof    sheets   and    manu- 

68...    .39       .72      .72    1.40 

size  th?n  84  inche?  in 

script  copy  accompanving  the   same,   and  matter 

69...     .39      .73       .73    1.42 

length  and  girth  com- 

in point  print  or  raised  characters  used  by  the    70...     .40     .74      .74    1.44 

bined,  nor  in  form  or 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


416 


kind  likely  to  injure  the  person  of  any  postal 
employe  or  damage  the  mail  equipment  or  other 
mall  matter  and  not  of  a  character  perishable 
wit biu  a  period  reasonably  required  for  trans- 
portation and  delivery. 

Rates  of  postage — To  be  fully  prepaid — unsealed 
— are  as  follows: 

(a)  Parcels  weighing  4  ounces  or  less,    except 
books,   seeds,  plants,  etc.,  1  cent  for  each  ounce 
or  fraction   thereof,    any  distance. 

(b)  Parcels  weighing  8  ounces  or  less  contain- 
ing books,    seeds,   cuttings,    bulbs,    roots,    scions, 
and   plants,    1   cent   for   each   2   ounces  or   frac- 
tion   thereof,    regardless    of   distance. 

(c)  Parcels  welshing  more  than  8  ounces,  .con 
taining  books,  seeds,  plants,  etc.,  parcels  of  mis- 
cellaneous   printed    matter    weighing    more    than 
4   pounds,    and   all   other   parcels   of   fourth-class 
matter  weighing  more  than  4  ounces  are  charge- 
able, according  to  distance  or  zone,  at  the  pound 
rates  shown  in  the  zone  table,  a  fraction  of.  a 
pound  being1  considered  a  full  pound. 

Zones— Parcel  Post  Guide  and  Maps. 

For  (parcel  post  purposes  the  United  States 
IB  divided  into  units  of  area  thirty  minutes 
square.  Such  units  form  the  basis  of  the 
eight  postal  zones.  To  ascertain  in  which  zone 
a  postoffice  is  located  from  the  office  of  mail- 
ing1, a  parcel  post  guide.  costing1  55  cents,  and 
map.  costing-  20  cents,  are  jointly  used.  The 
gTiide  applies  to  all  offices,  but  a  separate  map 
is  required  for  each  unit.  A  zone  key  is  fur- 
nished with  the  guide  for  use  in  the  units 
of  area  in  which  some  of  the  largest  postof- 
fices  are  located,  and  makes  the  map  for  those 
units  unnecessary.  The  g-uide  and  maps  may 
be  purchased  by  sending  a  money  order  to  the 
third  assistant  postmaster-general.  Washing- 
ton. D.  C.  Stamps  are  not  accepted. 

Insurance  of  Fourth-Class  Mail. 

Fees  and  conditions — Fourth-class  or  domestic 
parcel  post  mail  (but  no  other)  may  not  be 
registered,  but  may  be  insured  against  loss  in  an 
amount  equivalent  to  its  actual  value,  but  not 
to  exceed  $5  in  any  one  case,  on  payment  of  a 
fee  of  3  cents ;  not  to  exceed  $25  on  payment  of 
a  fee  of  5  cents;  not  to  exceed  $50  on  payment 
of  a  fee  of  10  cents,  or  not  to  exceed  $100  on 
payment  of  a  fee  of  25  cents,  in  addition  to  the 
postage,  both  to  be  prepaid  by  stamps  affixed. 
Collect-on-Delivery  Service. 

Conditions  and  fee— Parcels  of  fourth-class  or 
parcel  post  matter  (but  no  other)  may  be  sent 
C.  O.  D.  from  one  domestic  money  order  post- 
office  to  another,  including  those  in  the  Canal 
Zone,  on  payment  of  a  fee  of  10  cents  in  ad- 
dition to  the  postage,  both  to  be  prepaid  with 
stamps  affixed.  The  amount  to  be  collected  and 
remitted  to  the  sender  must  not  exceed  $100.  The 
remittance  is  made  by  postoffice  money  order, 
the  fee  therefor  being  included  in  the  amount 
collected  from  the  addressee.  A  C.  O.  D.  tag 
furnished  by  the  postmaster  must  be  filled  in 
by  the  sender  and  attached  to  the  parcel.  The 
C.  O.  D.  fee  also  covers  insurance  against  loss 
up  to  $50. 

Postal  Cards. 

Postal  cards  are  furnished  at  the  postage  value 
represented  by  the  stamp  inipressed  thereon ; 
single  postal  cards  for  domestic  and  foreign  cor- 
respondence at  1  cent  and  2  cents  each,  respec- 
tively, and  reply  (double)  postal  cards  at  2 
cents  and  4  cents  each,  respectively. 
Special  Delivery  Service. 

Special  delivery  service  is  the  prompt  delivery 
of  mail  by  messenger  during  prescribed  hours  to 
persons  who  resid"  within  the  carrier  limits  of 
city  delivery  offices,  to  patrons  of  rural  serv- 
ice who  reside  more  than  one  mile  from  post- 
offices  but  within  one-half  mile  of  rural  routes, 
and  to  residents  within  one  mile  of  any  post- 
office 

This  service  is  obtained  by  placing  on  any  letter 
or  article  of  mail  a  special  delivery  stamp  or 
10  cents'  worth  of  ordinary  stamps  in  addition 


to  the  lawful  postage.  When  ordinary  stamp* 
are  used  the  words  "Special  Delivery"  must  be 
placed  on  the  tuvelope  or  wrapper  directly  un- 
der, but  never  on  the  stamps;  otherwise  the 
letter  or  article  will  not  be  accorded  special 
delivery  service. 

Beoistry  System. 

Any  matter,  properly  addressed  and  bearing 
the  name  and  address  of  the  sender,  admissible 
to  the  domestic  mails  (except  fourth-class  mail, 
which  may  be  insured),  or  to  the  postal  union 
mails  (except  foreign  "parcel  post"  packages 
for  Barbados,  Curacao,  Dutch  Guiana.  France. 
Great  Britain,  Guadeloupe,  Martinique,  the 
Netherlands  and  Uruguay),  may  be  registered. 
Foreign  "parcel  post"  mail  must  be  taken  to 
the  postoffice  to  be  registered,  but  other  m«il 
ru.iy  bo  registered  at  any  postoffice  or  postoffiVe 
station  by  rural  carriers,  and,  when  sealed  and 
not  cumbersome,  by  city  carriers  in  residential 
districts. 

The  registry  fee  for  each  separate  article,  for- 
eign or  domestic,  is  10  cents  In  addition  to 
the  postage,  both  to  be  fully  prepaid. 

Indemnity  for  lost  registered  mail  will  be 
paid  as  follows: 

Domestic  mail,  first  class  (sealed),  up  to  $50. 
actual  value;  third  class  (unsealed),  up  to  $25, 
actual  value. 

Foreign  mail,  amount  claimed  within  limit  of 
50  francs  ($9.65),  for  total  loss  (not  partial  loss 
or  rifling)  of  a  registered  article  exchanged 
between  the  United  States  and  a  postal  union 
country,  except  foreign  parcel  post  matter,  and 
losses  beyond  control  ("force  majeure"). 

Application  for  a  money  order  must  be  made 
on  a  form  fuinished  for  that  purpose  and  be 
presented  at  the  money  order  window  of  the 
postoffico  or  one  of  its  stations.  Money  orders 
are  issued  for  any  desired  amount  from  1  cent 
to  $100,  and  when  a  larger  sum  than  $100  is 
to  be  sent  any  number  of  additional  orders 
may  be  obtained.  Applications  may  be  made 
through  rural  carriers,  who  will  furnish  the  nec- 
essary forms  and  give  receipts  for  the  amounts. 

International  money  orders,  payable  in  almost 
any  part  of  the  world,  may  be  obtained  at  all 
of  the  larger  postoffices  and  at  many  of  the 
smaller  ones. 

Fees  for  money  orders  payable  in  the  United 
States  (which  includes  Hawaii.  Porto  Rico  and 
the  Virgin  islands)  and  its  possessions,  compris- 
ing the  Canal  Zone.  Guam,  the  Philippines  and 
Tutuila.  Samoa  ;  also  for  orders  payable  in  Ber- 
muda, British  Guiana.  British  Honduras,  Canada, 
Cuba,  Mexico,  Newfoundland,  at  the  United 
States  postal  agency  at  Shanghai  (China),  in 
the  Bahama  islands  and  in  certain  other  islands 
in  the  West  Indies: 

For  orders  from  $0.01  to  $2.50 3  cents 

For  orders  from     2.51  to     5.00 5  cents 

For  orders  from     5.01  to  10.00 8  cents 

For  orders  from  10.01  to  20.00 10  cents 

For  orders  from  20.01  to  30.00 12  cents 

For  orders  from  30.01  to  40.00 15  cents 

For  orders  from  40.01  to  50.00 18  cents 

For  orders  from  50.01  to  60.00 20  cents 

For  orders  from  60.01  to  75.00 25  cents 

For  orders  from  75.01  to  100.00 30  cents 

The  fees  for  foreism  money  orders  payable 
in  auy  country  on  which  a  money  order  may  be 
drawn,  other  than  those  named  above,  may  be 
ascertained  upon  inquiry  at  the  postoffice, 

FOREIGN  MAIL  MATTER. 

Rates  of  Postage. 
The  rates   of   postage    applicable   to   articles 

for  foreign  countries  are  as  fo'lows:         Cents. 

Letters  for  Canada,  Cuba,  Mexico.  Re- 
public of  Panama,  city  of  Shanghai 
(China).  Ensrland.  Ireland.  Newfound- 
land. Santo  Dominpro.  Scotland.  Wales, 
the  Bahamis,  Barbados,  British  Gui- 
ana. British  Honduras,  Dutch  West 
Indies.  Leeward  islands.  New  Zealand, 
Trinidad,  (including  Tobago \  and  the 


416 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Windward    islands     (including-    Grenada, 
St.    Vincent,    the     Grenadines    and    St. 

Lucia),    per    ounce 

Letters  for  Germany  by   direct   steamers, 

per   ounce    

letters    for    all    other    foreign    countries, 
and   Germany   when   not   dispatched  by 
direct   steamers    : 
For  the  first  ounce  or  fraction  of  an 

ounce     

For  each  additional  ounce  or  fraction 

of  an  ounce 

Single      postcards       (including      souvenir 

cards),  each   

Reply  postal  cards,  each 

Printed  matter  of  all  kinds,  for  each  two 

ounces  or  fraction  of  two  ounces 

Commercial     papers,     for     the     first     ten 

ounces  or  less 

For     each     additional     two     ounces     or 
fraction  of  two  ounces 


Samples  of  merchandise,  for  the  first  four 

ounces    or    less 2 

For     each     additional     two     ounces    or 
fraction  of  two  ounces 1 

Registration  fee  in  addition  to  postage..  10 
Foreign  Parcel  Post. 

Postage  rates— Postage  must  be  prepaid  in  full 
by  stamps  affixed  at  the  rate  of  12  cents  a 
pound  or  fraction  of  a  pound.  Registry  fee  1« 
cents  in  addition  to  postage. 

Dimensions — To  all  countries  named  packages 
are  limited  to  three  and  one-half  feet  in  length 
and  to  six  feet  in  length  and  girth  combined, 
except  that  packages  for  Colombia  and  Mexico 
are  limited  to  two  feet  in  length  and  four  feet 
in  girth. 

Weight — Packages  to  certain  postoffices  in 
Mexico  must  not  exceed  four  pounds  six  ounces 
in  weight,  but  those  for  all  other  countries 
named  may  weigh  up  to  but  not  exceeding  eleven 
pounds. 


NATIONAL    HOME  FOR  DISABLED   VOLUNTEER   SOLDIERS. 

Established  by  act  of  Congress  March  21.   1866. 


Names  and  Location  of  Branches — Central. 
Dayton,  O.;  Northwestern.  Milwaukee,  Wis.: 
Southern.  Hampton.  Va.:  Eastern.  Togus.  Me.; 
Western.  Leavenworth,  Kas.:  Marion,  Marion. 
Ind.;  Pacific.  Santa  Monica.  Cal.:  Danville. 
Danville.  111.:  Mountain.  Johnson  City.  Tenn.; 
Battle  Mountain  Sanitarium.  Hot  Springs,  S.  D. 

Board  of  Managers— The  president  of  the  Unit- 
ed States,  the  chief  justice  of  the  Supreme 
court,  the  secretary  of  war  ex  officiis,  Wash- 
ington. D.  C.;  president.  Capt.  John  C.  Nelson, 
Logansport,  Ind.;  first  vice-president,  Maj. 
James  W.  Wadsworth.  Geneseo,  N.  Y.j  secre- 
tary, James  S.  Catherwood,  Hoopeston,  111.; 
Col.  H.  H.  Markham,  Pasadena,  Cal.;  Menan- 
der  Dennett.  Lewis* on.  Me.;  Col.  George  Black. 
Olathe,  Kas.:  Gen.  George  H.  Wood,  Dayton,  O. 

General   treasurer— Col.  C.  W.   Wadsworth. 


Inspector-general 
James  E.  Miller. 


and     chief     surgeon— Col. 


Requirements  for  Admission. 

1.  Honorable  discharge  from  the  United  States 

2.  Disability  which  prevents  the  applicant  from 
earning  a   living  by   labor. 

3.  Applicants  for  admission  will  be  required  to 
abide  by   all   the  rules  and   regulations  made   by 
the   board   of   managers,    perform   all    the  duties 
required  of  them  and  obey  all  the  lawful  orders 
of  the  officers  of  the  home. 

4.  A  soldier  or  sailor  to  be  admitted  must  for- 
ward  with   his  application  his  discharge   paper. 
Ms   pension   certificate   if   he   is   a    pensioner   and 
his  discharge  from  a  state  home  if  he  has  been 
an   inmate  of  such  home.     These   papers   are  re- 
tained   at    the   branch   to   which   he  is  admitted 
to  prevent  their  loss  or  fraud,   but  are  returned 
to  him  when  he  is  discharged.     Soldiers  or  sail- 
ors  whose   pensions   exceed   $16   a   month   are   not 
admitted  to  the  home  except  for  special  reasons. 

The  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer 
Soldiers  is  supported  by  the  United  States  gov- 
ernment. The  annual  appropriation  for  that  pur- 
pose is  about  $4.000.000. 

STATE   SOLDIERS'   HOMES. 

There  are  a  number  of  state  homes  for  dis- 
abled volunteer  soldiers  who,  for  various  reasons, 
are  unable  to  obtain  admission  to  the  national 
homes.  The  federal  government  contributes  to- 
ward the  support  of  the  state  homes  the  sum  of 


California—  Yountville. 

New  Jersey—  Kearny  and 

Colorado  —  Monte   Vista. 

Vineland. 

Connecticut  —   Noroton 

New  Hampshire—  Tilton. 

Heights. 
Illinois—  Quincy. 

New     York—  Bath     and 
Oxford. 

Idaho  —  Boise. 

North  Dakota—  Lisbon. 

Indiana  —  Lafayette. 

Ohio  —  Sanduskv. 

Iowa  —  Marshalltown. 

Oregon—  Roseburg. 

Kansas—  Fort  Dodee. 

Pennsylvania  —  Erie. 

Massachusetts—  Chelsea. 

Rhode  Island—  Bristol. 

Michigan—  Grand  Rapids. 

S.  Dakota—  Hot  Springs. 

Minnesota—  Minnehaha. 

Vermont—  Bennington. 

Missouri  —  St.  James. 

Washington—  Orting  ani 

Montana    —     Columbus 

Port   Orchard. 

Falls. 

Wisconsin—  Waupaca. 

Nebraska  —  Grand  Island 

Wyoming  —  Cheyenne. 

and  Milford. 

$100  for  each  soldier,  based  npon  the  average  at- 
tendance for  ihe  vear:  the  remainder  of  the  ex- 
penses is  paid  by  the  states  themselves.  Some 
of  these  homes  are  on  the  cottage  plan.  Follow- 
ing is  a  list  of  the  state  homes: 


HOME   FOR   REGULAR   ARMY    SOLDIERS. 

The  United  States  maintains  a  home  for  'dis- 
abled and  discharged  soldiers  of  the  regular 
army  at  Washington.  D.  C.  All  soldiers  who 
have  served  twenty  years  in  the  army  and  all 
soldiers  who  have  incurred  such  disability,  by 
wounds,  disease  or  injuries  in  the  line  of  duty 
while  in  the  regular  army,  as  unfits  them  for  fur- 
ther service  are  entitled  to  admission  to  the 
home.  The  home  is  in  charge  of  a  board  of 
commissioners,  consisting  of  the  governor  of  the 
home,  the  adjutant-general  of  the  army,  the 
judge-advocate,  the  commissary-general,  the  quar- 
termaster-general. the  chief  of  engineers  and  the 
surgeon-general.  The  present  governor  is  Lieut.- 
Gen.  S.  B.  M.  Young  (retired). 

CONFEDERATE  SOLDIERS'  HOMES. 
Confederate  veterans  of  the  civil  war  have  a 
home  at  Beauvoir.  near  Biloxi.  Miss.  The  resi- 
dence there  of  Jefferson  Davis  in  his  last  vears 
was  secured  in  1902  as  a  refuge  for  helpless  old 
southern  soldiers  by  the  United  Sons  of  Confed- 
erate Veterans.  It  is  supported  by  that  society 
and  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy. 
Another  home  for  confederat  *etera" 


opened   in  Washington.    D. 
the  women  of  the  Southern 


Ma2413 
lief  association. 


DEATH  OF  ADELINA  PATTI. 


Adelina  Patti.  one  of  the  world's  most  fa- 
mous singers,  died  at  her  home.  Craig-y-Nos 
castle.  Penycae.  Wales.  Sept.  27.  1919.  in  her 
77th  year.  She  was  born  in  Madrid.  Spain. 
Feb.  19.  1843.  daughter  of  Salvatore  Patti 
of  Catania.  Sicily,  and  of  Caterina  Chiesi.  an 
opera  singer.  She  made  her  debut  in  the 
Academy  of  Music  in  New  York  city  in  No-  strom. 
vember.  1-859.  and  in  London  in  May.  1861. ' 


winning  fame  she  appeared  at  all  tho 
chief  musical  centers  of  the  old  and  new  W9rld 
nnd  it  was  generally  agreed  that  in  her  prime 
she  was  without  pn  equal  as  an  ooera  singer. 
She  was  married  three  times,  her  first  husband 


b°ins-  the  Marqnis  d* 


the   second     Sig. 


Nicolini.    and    the    third.    Baron    Rolf    Ceder- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


417 


NATIONAL  PROHIBITION 

The  house  of  representatives  in  Washington, 
D.  C..  by  a  vote  of  282  to  128  adopted.  Dec. 
17,  1917,  the  senate  joint  resolution  submit- 
ting1 to  the  states  an  amendment  providing:  for 
the  suppression  of  the  liquor  traffic  one  year 
after  the  ratification  of  the  amendment  Vy 
the  required  thirty-six  state  legislatures  and 
also  providing  that  the  amendment  shall  be 
inoperative  unless  ratified  within  seven  years 
from  the  date  of  submission.  The  resolution 
had  passed  the  senate  Aug.  1,  1917,  by  a 
vote  of  65  to  20.  It  was  amended  in  the 
house  and  the  senate  accepted  the  resolution 
as  amended  Dec.  18  by  a  rising-  vote  of  47 
yeas  to  8  nays. 

Following:  is  the  joint  resolution  as  adopted 
by  the  house  and  senate: 

"Article  — .  Section  1.  After  one  year  from 
the  ratification  of  this  article  the  manufacture, 
sale  or  transportatipn  of  intoxicating-  liquors 
within,  the  importation  thereof  into,  or  the  ex- 
portation thereof  from  the  United  States  and 
all  territory  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  there- 
of for  beverage  purposes  is  hereby  prohibited. 

"Sec.  2.  The  congress  and  the  several 
states  shall  have  concurrent  power  to  enforce 
this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 

"Sec.  3.  This  article  shall  be  inoperative 
unless  it  shall  have  been  ratified  as  an  amend- 
ment to  the  constitution  by  the  legislatures  of 
the  several  states,  as  provided  in  the  consti- 
tution, within  seven  years  from  the  date  of 
the  submission  hereof  to  the  states  by  the 
congress." 

The  proposed  amendment  was  submitted  to 
state  legislatures  for  ratification  and  by  Jan. 
16.  1919.  more  than  thirty-six,  the  number  re- 
quired for  making  an  amendment  to  the  con- 
stitution valid,  had  taken  affirmative  action. 
The  dates  on  which  the  various  states  ratified 
the  amendment  were  as  follows: 


1918. 

Mississippi.  Jan.  9. 
Virginia,  Jan.  10. 
Kentucky,  Jan.  14. 
South  Carolina,  Jan.  23 
North  Dakota,  Jan.  25 
Maryland,    Feb.    13. 
Montana,   Feb.   19. 
Texas,    March   4. 
Delaware.   March   18. 
So.  Dakota,   March   20 
Massachusetts,  April  2 
Arizona,  May  24. 
Georgia.    June   26. 
Louisiana,   Aug.  8. 
Florida.  Nov.  27. 
Oregon.  Jan.   15. 
Utah,  Jan.  15. 
Nebraska.  Jan.   16. 
Missouri,   Jpn.  16. 
Wyoming.   J?n.  16. 
Wisconsin.  Jan.   17. 
Nevada.  Jan.  21. 


Vermont.  Jan.  29. 
New  York,  Jan.  29. 
Pennsylvania,  Feb.  25. 

1919. 

Michigan,  Jan.  2. 
Ohio.  Jan.  7. 
Oklahoma,  Jan.  7. 
Idaho.  Jan.  8. 
Tennessee.   Jan.  8. 


W.  Virginia,  Jan.  9. 
California,  Jan.  13. 
Washington.  Jan.  13. 
Illinois,  Jan.  14. 
Indiana,  Jan.  14. 
Arkansas,  Jan.  14. 
Kansas.  Jan.  14. 
No.  Carolina.  Jan.  14. 
Alabama.  Jan.  14. 
Colorado,    Jan.   15. 
Iowa,  Jan.   15. 
New  Hampshire,  Jan.  15 


Connecticut,  New  Jersey  and  Rhode  Island 
refused  to  ratify  the  federal  prohibition 
amendment. 

The  states  dry  prior  to  December.  1917.  were: 


Alabama. 

Arizona. 

Arkansas. 

Colorado. 

Georgia. 

Idaho. 

Iowa. 

Kansas. 


Maine. 

Michigan. 

Mississippi. 

Montana. 

Nebraska. 


Oregon. 

South   Carolina. 

South  Dakota. 

Tennessee. 

Utah. 


North   Carolina.  Virginia. 

North  Dakota.    Washington. 

Oklahoma.  West  Virginia. 

Prohibition  bills  were  passed  by  Ohio.  Texas, 
Missouri  and  Delaware  in  1919.  A  proposed 
amendment  to  the  Michigan  constitution  per- 
mitting the  sale  and  manufacture  of  beer  and 
vine  was  defeated  at  the  state  election  April 
7.  1919. 


AMENDMENT   RATITIED. 

RATIFICATION  PROCLAIMED. 

Ratification  of  the  prohibition  amendment  to 
the  federal  constitution  was  formally  pro- 
claimed Jan.  29,  1919.  by  Frank  L.  Polk, 
acting  secretary  of  state  in  the  absence  of 
Secretary  Robert  Lansing,  who  was  attending 
the  peace  conference  in  Paris.  Though  the 
document  was  dated  the  29th,  legal  authori- 
ties in  the  department  held  that  the  ratifica- 
tion was  accomplished  when  the  thirty-sixth 
state  acted  affirmatively  on  Jan.  16  and  that 
under  the  terms  of  the  amendment  itself  pro- 
hibition would  become  effective  one  year  from 
that  date,  or  Jan.  16.  1920. 

The  proclamation  was  signed  by  Mr.  Polk 
at  11 :20  a.  m.  in  the  presence  of  Senator 
Sheppard  of  Texas,  author  of  the  amendment 
resolution:  Former  Secretary  Bryan,  Repre- 
sentative Randall  of  California,  prohibitionist 
member  of  the  house,  and  officials  of  the 
Anti-Saloon  League  of  America,  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  union  and  other  anti- 
saloon  organizations. 

Mr.  Polk  used  several  pens  in  affixing-  his 
signature  and  presented  them  to  Senator  Shep- 
pard, Mr.  Bryan,  Representative  Randall  and 
others. 

The  proclamation  follows: 

"To  all  to  whom  these  presents  shall  come, 
greeting : 

"Know  ye,  that  the  congress  of  the  United 
States  at  the  second  session  65th  congress 
begun  at  Washington  on  the  3d  day  of  De- 
cember in  the  year  1917,  passed  a  resolution 
in  the  words  and  figures  following— to  wit: 

"  'Joint  resolution,  proposing  an  amendment 
to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States: 

"  'Resolved  by  the  senate  and  house  of  rep- 
resentatives of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  congress  assembled,  (two-thirds  of  each 
house  concurring  therein)  :  That  the  follow- 
ing amendment  to  the  constitution  be.  and 
hereby  is,  proposed  to  the  states  to  become 
valid  as  a  part  of  the  constitution  when  rati- 
fied by  the  legislatures  of  the  several  states 
as  provided  by  the  constitution: 

"  'Article  — .  Section  1.  After  one  year  from 
the  ratification  of  this  article  the  manufacture, 
sale  or  transportation  of  intoxicating  liquors 
within,  the  importation  thereof  into  or  the  ex- 
portation thereof  from  the  United  States  and 
all  territory  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof 
for  beverage  purposes  is  hereby  prohibited. 

"  'Section  2.  The  congress  and  the  several 
states  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article 
by  appropriate  legislation. 

"  'Section  3.  This  article  shall  be  inopera- 
tive unless  it  shall  have  been  ratified  as  an 
amendment  to  the  constitution  by  the  legisla- 
tures of  the  several  states,  as  provided  in 
the  constitution,  within  seven  years  from  the 
date  of  the  submission  hereof  to  the  states  by 
the  congress.' 

"And,  further,  that  it  appears  from  official 
documents  on  file  in  this  department  that  the 
amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States  proposed  as  afortsaid  has  been  ratified 
by  the  legislatures  of  the  states  of  Alabama, 
Arizona,  California,  Colorado,  Delaware.  Flor- 
ida, Georgia,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Kansas, 
Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Maryland,  Massa- 
chusetts, Michigan,  Minnesota.  Mississippi. 
Montana,  Nebraska,  New  Hampshire.  North 
Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oklahoma,  Ore- 
gon, South  Carolina.  South  Dakota,  Texas, 
Utah.  Virginia,  Washington,  West  Virginia, 
Wisconsin  and  Wyoming. 

"And,  further,  that  the  states  whose  legis- 
latures have  so  ratified  the  said  proposed 
amendment  constitute  three-fourths  'of  tho 
whole  number  of  states  in  the  United  States. 

"Now.  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  Frank 
L.  Polk,  acting  secretary  of  state  of  the 


418 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


United  States,  by  virtue  and  in  pursuance  of 
section  205  of  the  revised  statutes  of  the 
United  States,  do  hereby  certify  that  the 
amendment  aforesaid  has  become  valid  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  as  a  part  of  the  consti- 
tution of  the  United  States. 

"In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set 
my  hand  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  depart- 
ment of  state  to  be  affixed. 

"Done  at  the  city  of  Washington  this  29th 
day  of  January,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  nine  hundred  and  nineteen. 

"FRANK  L.  POLK, 
"Acting  Secretary  of  State." 

PROHIBITION  DURING  WAR  AND 
DEMOBILIZATION. 

In  an  act  passed  by  congress  and  approved 
Nov.  21,  1918,  the  following  provisions  were 
made : 

After  June  30,  1919,  until  the  conclusion  of 
the  present  war  and  thereafter  until  the  ter- 
mination of  demobilization,  the  date  of  which 
shall  be  determined  and  proclaimed  by  the 
president  of  the  United  States,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  conserving  the  man  power  of  the  na- 
tion, and  to  increase  efficiency  in  the  produc- 
tion of  arms,  munitions,  ships,  food  and 
clothing  for  the  army  and  navy,  it  shall  be 
unlawful  to  sell  for  beverage  purposes  any 
distilled  spirits,  and  during  said  time  no  dis- 
tilled spirits  held  in  bond  shall  be  removed 
therefrom  for  beverage  purposes  except  for 
export.  After  May  1.  1919,  until  the  conclu- 
sion of  the  present  war  and  thereafter  until 
the  termination  of  demobilization,  the  date 
of  which  shall  be  determined  and  proclaimed 
by  the  president  of  the  United  States,  no 
grains,  cereals,  fruit  or  other  food  product 
shall  be  used  in  the  manufacture  or  produc- 
tion of  beer,  wine  or  other  intoxicating  malt 
or  vinous  liquor  for  beverage  purposes.  After 
June  30.  1919,  until  the  conclusion  of  the 
present  war  and  thereafter  until  the  termina- 
tion of  demobilization,  the  date  of  which 
shall  be  determined  and  proclaimed  by  the 
president  of  the  United  States,  no  beer,  wine 
or  other  intoxicating  malt  or  vinous  liquor 
shall  be  sold  for  beverage  purposes  except  for 
export.  The  commissioner  of  internal  revenue 
is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  prescribe 
rules  and  regulations,  subject  to  the  approval 
of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  in  regard  to 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  distilled  spirits 
and  removal  of  distilled  spirits  held  in  bond 
after  June  30.  1919.  until  this  act  shall  cease 
to  operate,  for  other  than  beverage  purposes: 
also  in  regard  to  the  manufacture,  sale  and 
distribution  of  wine  for  sacramental,  medicinal 
or  other  than  beverage  uses.  After  the  ap- 
proval of  this  act  no  distilled,  malt,  vinous. 
or  other  intoxicating  liquors  shall  be  imported- 
into  the  United  States  during  the  continuance 
of  the  present  war  and  period  of  demobiliza- 
tion: Provided.  That  this  provision  against 
importation  shall  not  apply  to  shipments  en 
route  to  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the 
passage  of  this  act. 

Any  person  who  violates  any  of  the  fore- 
going provisions  shall  be  punished  by  impris- 
onment not  exceeding  one  year,  or  by  fine  not 
exceeding  SI. 000,  or  by  both  such  imprison- 
ment and  fine:  Provided.  That  the  president  ol 
the  United  States  be,  and  hereby  is.  authorized 
and  empowered,  at  any  time  after  the  passage 
of  this  act,  to  establish  zones  of  such  size;  as 
he  may  deem  advisable  about  coal  mines, 
munition  factories,  shipbuilding  plants  and 
such  other  plants  for  war  material  as  may 
seem  to  him  to  require  such  action  whenever 
in  his  opinion)  the  creation  of  such  zones  is 
necessary  to,  or  advisable  in,  the  proper  pros- 
ecution of  the  war,  and  that  he  is  hereby  au- 
thorized and  empowered  to  prohibit  the  sale, 
manufacture  or  distribution  of  intoxicating 
liquors  in  such  zones,  and  that  any  violation 


of  the  president's  regulations  in  this  regard 
shall  be  punished  by  imprisonment  for  not 
more  than  one  year,  or  by  fine  or  not  more 
than  §1, 000  or  by  both  such  fine  and  impris- 
onment: Provided  further.  That  nothing  in  this 
act  shall  be  construed  to  interfere  with  the 
power  conferred  upon  the  president  by  section 
fifteen  of  the  food-control  act.  approved  Aug". 
10,  1917.  (Public  No.  40,  65th  congress). 
.  PROHIBITION  ACT  ENFORCED. 

The  act  quoted  above  was  rigidly  enforced 
in  most  states  beginning  July  1,  1919,  and 
thereafter  there  was  no  open  sale  of  wines 
and  liquors,  though  beer  containing  not  more 
than  2%  per  cent  of  alcohol  continued  to  be 
sold  in  some  states.  There  was,  however, 
much  illicit  selling  of  the  prohibited  spirits 
and  many  arrests  were  made  by  the  federal 
authorities,  especially  in  the  large  cities. 
LEGAL  PROCEEDINGS. 

Steps  were  taken  early  in  the  year  by  dis- 
tillers and  brewers  to  test  the  constitutionality 
both  of  the  war  time  prohibition  act  and  the 
constitutional  amendment  providing  for  na- 
tional prohibition.  Many  of  them  met  in  Chi- 
cago Jan.  7  and  decided  to  fight  the  dry 
forces  in  every  state  in  the  union  and  before 
the  United  States  Supreme  court.  Levy  Mayer 
of  Chicago  was  retained  as  chief  counsel. 
One  of  their  contentions  was  that  the  amend- 
ment was  unconstitutional  under  article  X, 
which  provides  that  powers  not  delegated  to 
the  United  States  by  the  constitution  nor  pro- 
hibited by  it  to  the  states  shall  be  reserved 
to  the  states  respectively. 

On  the  same  day  that  the  distillers  met  in 
Chicago  the  United  States  Supreme  court  sus- 
tained the  constitutionality  of  the  Webb-Ken- 
yon  act  forbidding  the  shipment  of  liquor  into 
dry  territory.  The  decision  made  it  evident 
that  the  same  conclusions  would  apply  to  the 
prohibition  amendment  to  the  constitution 
when  brought  up  for  review. 

Preliminary  action  toward  testing  the  war 
time  prohibition  act  was  taken  in  New  York 
city  by  the  filing  of  a  suit  to  restrain  the 
Everard  Brewery  company  from  suspending  its 
manufacturing  activities  May  1  and  its  sales 
July  1.  The  complaint,  which  was  drawn  up 
by  Elihu  Root,  alleged  that  the  emergency  pro- 
hibition clause  of  the  agricultural  bill  adopted 
on  Nov.  21,  1918,  is  unconstitutional  as  a 
measure  intended  to  safeguard  the  national  se- 
curity and  defense,  the  armistice  having  been 
signed,  hostilities  ceased,  and  orders  given  pre- 
liminary to  reduction  of  the  military  forces 
before  that  date. 

On  March  19  William  D.  Guthrie,  Elihu  Root 
and  William  L.  Marbury,  representing  the 
United  Brewers'  association,  applied  to  the  fed- 
eral District  court  in  New  York  city  for  an 
injunction  restraining  the  collector  of  inter- 
nal revenue  and  the  United  States  district 
attorney  from  beginning  any  proceedings  to 
interfere  with  the  Jacob  Hoffman  Brewing 
company's  contemplated  production  of  beer  of 
2%  per  cent  alcoholic  content. 

The  complaint  not  only  challenged  the  rev- 
enue department's  definition  of  intoxicants  as 
without  legal  authority,  but  also  attacked  the 
constitutionality  of  the  war  time  prohibition 
net  forbidding  the  manufacture  after  May  1 
and  the  sale  after  July  1  of  intoxicants.  It 
alleged  "purpose,  intent  and  threat"  on  the 
part  of  the  commissioner  of  internal  rev- 
enue and  the  department  of  justice  to  en- 
force against  the  complainant  and  its  officers 
and  employes  the  various  penalties  established 
for  violations  of  the  revenue  rulings. 

Federal  Judge  Mayer  on  May  23  granted  the 
injunction  asked  for  by  the  United  Brewers' 
association  until  the  court  had  passed  upon 
the  legality  of  the  emergency  prohibition  act. 

Gov.  Beeckman  of  Rhode  Island  signed  a 
resolution  passed  by  the  general  assembly  di- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


419 


reeling-  the  attorney-general  to  secure  from 
the  United  States  Supreme  court  a  determina- 
tion of  the  constitutionality  of  the  prohibition 
amendment. 

Attorney- General  A.  Mitchell  Palmer  on  June 
30  announced  that  the  department  of  justice 
would  enforce  the  war  time  prohibition  act. 
but  that  until  the  courts  determined  whether 
beer  containing1  less  than  2%  per  cent  alco- 
hol was  or  was  not  intoxicating:  no  arrests  ex- 
cept in  test  cases  would  be  made  for  its  sale. 

In  Boston,  Mass.,  Federal  Judge  George  W. 
Anderson  held  on  July  15  that  the  sale  of 
nonintoxicating  beer  was  not  illegal.  On  the 
same  day  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Federal  Judge 
W.  H.  S.  Thomson  overruled  the  demurrers  of 
the  Pittsburgh  and  Independent  brewing  com- 
panies to  charges  of  violating  the  war  time 
prohibition  act.  In  New  Orleans,  La.,  on  the 
same  day  Federal  Judge  Rufus  E.  Foster  sus- 
tained a  demurrer  filed  by  the  American  Brew- 
ing company  to  an  indictment  charging  that 
the  manufacture  of  beer  of  more  than  one- 
half  of  one  per  cent  of  alcoholic  content  was 
in  violation  of  the  war  time  prohibition  act. 

Beer  of  2%  per  cent  alcoholic  content  was 
held  to  be  intoxicating  in  a  decision  handed 
down  by  Federal  Judge  Thomas  Ives  Chatfield 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  July  24,  in  a  test  case 
brought  by  the  government  against  Martin 
Schmauder  of  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Manufacture  or  sale  of  malt  beverages  con- 
taining one-half  of  1  per  cent  or  more  of 
alcohol  was  held  illegal  by  Federal  Judge 
George  T.  Page  in  Chicago,  July  25,  when  he 
upheld  District  Attorney  Clyne  in  the  test 
beer  suit  as  against  the  Stenson  Brewing  com- 
pany, overruling  the  demurrer  of  the  def end- 
ant  to  the  bill  of  information  filed  by  the 
government. 

"In  stating1  that  no  beer  or  other  intoxicat- 
ing liquors  could  be  manufactured,  congress 
obviously  meant  that  beer  or  other  beverages 
containing  one-half  of  1  per  cent  or  more 
alcohol  were  intoxicating,"  said  Judge  Page. 
"In  the  revenue  section  of  the  act  a  tax  is 
provided  on  all  liquors  of  less  than  one-half 
of  1  per  cent  as  unfermented." 

July  24  Levy  Mayer,  as  counsel  for  the 
Association  Opposed  to  National  Prohibition 
issued  a  statement  taking  the  ground  that 
forty-five  state  legislatures  having  ratified  the 
prohibition  amendment,  it  will  be  void  if  the 
people  in  ten  of  the  states  where  the  ref- 
erendum has  been  instituted  should  reverse 
the  action  of  their  legislatures. 

In  those  states  whose  constitutions  reserve 
to  the  people  the  right  to  referendum  there  is 


a  provision,  in  substance,  that  "all  acts,  bills, 
and  resolutions  adopted  by  the  legislature  shall 
not  take  effect  until  a  specified  time  after  the 
legislature  has  adjourned,"  Mr.  Mayer  said. 

"During  that  time  all  such  acts,  bills,  and 
resolutions  are  suspended  and  do  not  have  the 
force  of  law.  If  during  that  time  the  people 
petition  for  a  referendum,  the  act,  bill  or 
resolution  is  entirely  suspended  until  the  peo- 
ple have  voted  either  in  favor  or  against  the 
proposition.  The  right  of  referendum  exists 
in  fifteen  states. 

"To  date,  legislatures  of  forty-five  states 
have  ratified  the  eighteenth  amendment.  The 
federal  constitution  requires  thirty-six  states. 
Rhode  Island,  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey 
have  not  ratified.  If  the  people  in  ten  of  the 
referendum  states  that  are  included  among 
the  forty-five  do  not  approve  of  the  ratifica- 
tion resolutions  of  their  respective  legislatures, 
then  only  thirty-five  states  will  have  ratified 
the  amendment  and  the  amendment  will  not 
have  received  the  ratification  of  the  requisite 
three-fourths,  and,  therefore,  the  amendment 
will  not  have  been  adopted.  The  states  in 
which  the  referendum  proceedings  have  been 
invoked  are: 

"Michigan,  Ohio,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  New 
Mexico,  Colorado,  Nebraska,  Washington,  Cal- 
ifornia, Nevada,  Maine,  Oklahoma,  Oregon. 
Utah  and  Idaho.  Of  these  fifteen,  the  pe- 
titions were  thrown  out  in  Oregon.  Utah  and 
Idaho.  An  appeal  from  the  decisions  of  the 
highest  courts  of  Oregon.  Utah  and  Id^ho 
may  be  taken  to  the  United  States  Supreme 
court." 

In  Ohio,  Sept.  30,  the  state  Supreme  court 
affirmed  a  decision  of  the  lower  courts  dis- 
missing a  petition  seeking  to  compel  the  sec- 
retary of  state  to  refuse  to  accept  petitions 
filed  by  the  Ohio  Home  Rule  association  call- 
ing for  a  referendum  at  the  November  elec- 
tion on  the  ratification  of  the  prohibition 
amendment. 

PROHIBITION  ENFORCEMENT. 

For  congressional  legislation  to  enforce  the 
prohibition  amendment  to  the  constitution  see 
"Work  of  the  Sixty-Sixth  Congress,"  in  this 
volume. 

LIQUOR  PROHIBITION  IN  NORWAY. 

In  Norway  a  plebiscite  to  determine  the 
question  of  national  prohibition  of  alcohol 
was  taken  Oct.  6,  1919,  and  resulted  in  a 
vote  of  528.455  for  snch  prohibition  and 
284.137  against.  The  measure  applies  only 
to  whisky,  brandy  and  other  strong-  liquors 
and  does  not  affect  wines  and  beers. 


CENTENARIANS  IN  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


According  to  the  census  of  1010  there  were 
then  in  the  United  States  3.55o  persons  100 
years  of  age  or  over.  Of  these.  1.380  were  men 
and  2,175  were  women.  Classified  according  .to 
the  color  they  were:  White  men.  326:  white 
women,  438:  total.  764:  negro  men.  1.004:  ne- 
gro women,  1.671;  total,  2,675:  Indian  men, 
50:  Indian  women.  66:  total,  116.  Classified 
as  to  place  of  birth.  439  were  native  white 
and  293  foreign  bom  white.  The  number  of 
centenarians  reported  by  the  census  of  1900 
was  3,504.  "It  mrty  be  noted."  says  a  census 
report  in  commenting  on  these  figures,  "that 
the  proportion  of  centenarians  according-  to  the 
census  returns  was  less  in  1910  than  in  1900. 
In  fact,  the  proportion  has  steadily  decreased 
from  census  to  census  for  over  half  a  ce 
The  number  of  centenarians  reported  in 
was  equal  to  4  for  each  100,000  of  the  total 


population,  while  the  corresponding1  ratio  in 
1850  was  11.  It  is  improbable  that  any  such 
decrease  in  longevity  has  actually  occurred.  By 
no  means  have  all  those  who  report  themselves 
as  100  years  old  or  more,  in  fact,  reached  that 
age.  and  the  apparent  reduction  in  the  propor- 
tion of  centenarians  is  probably  due  to  greater 
accuracy  in  the  returns." 

Deaths  of  centenarians  reported  from  Nov.  1, 
1918.  to  Nov.  1.  1919: 

Cohen,    Abraham,    101,    Chicago.    Sept.    20. 
Cushing,  Mrs.  Sarah  L..  101.  Lockport,  N.  Y.. 

March  12. 
Goodrige,     Mrs.     Eliza.      100.     Chicago.     111.. 

March  28. 

Johnson.  James  M.,  102.  Cincinnati.  O.,  July  26. 
Newman,  Russell,  108,  Midvale.  Idaho,  April  7. 
Wielski,  Katherine.  109,  Milwaukee,  Wis.. 

Sept.  2. 


INC03FEJ    TAX    COLLECTED    IN    BRITAIN. 


Yeai 
1907- 


Total  tax. 


Tear. 


Total  tax. 


1908 $159.391,900  I  1911-1912  $221,670.200 


1908-1909 1fi8.540.700     1912-1913 

1909-1910 S63.7R0.450     1913-1914 

1910-1911 316,982.150  I  1914-1915 


223.561,900 
236,205.000 
346.990,000 


Ypar. 


Total  tax. 


1915-1916   $641,600,000 

1916-1917 1.025.165.000 

1917-1918 1,197.545.000 

1918-1919  (est.)  1.337.500.000 


420 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Sporting 


BASEBALL  SEASON  OF  1919. 


In  the  National  baseball  league  the  cham 
Dionship  for  1919  was  won  by  the  Cincinnat 
team  (Reds)  for  the  first  time  since  th 
league  was  organized  on  its  present  basis 
In  the  American  league  the  winning  team  wa 
the  White  Sox  of  Chicago. 

NATIONAL  LEAGUE. 
Standing  of  the  Clubs. 


Club. 


141316141596 
11  12  14  14  14  87  .621 
11  11  13131375  .536 
..  111111-1471  .511 
9  ..  13  11  12  69  .491 

8  7  ..  10  15  57  .41( 

9  9 10  .  .  7  54  .394 
6  8  5  10  .  .  47  .343 


Cincinnati  • . 
New  York... 
Chicago  .... 
Pittsburgh  . . 
Brooklyn  ... 

Boston     

St.  Louis  ... 
Philadelphia 

Lost 44  53  65  68  71  82  83  90 

Twenty  Leading  Batsmen  in  1919. 

Playing  in  forty  or  more  g-ames. 

Matter  and  club.     G.    AB.  R.     H.    TB.  SB.  Pet 

•Cravath.  Phil....   83  215  34     73  137     8  .340 

Thorpe.    Bos 62  159  16     52     68     7  .327 

Roush,  Cin 133  503  73  161  217  21  .320 

Hornsby,     St.  L.. 137  609  68  161  218  17  .316 

Barber.    Chi 75  229  26     72     89     7  .314 

Groh     Cin...,   ...122  448  79  140  194  22  .313 

•Carey.     Pgh 66  244  39     75     89  18  .307 

Meusel.     Phil.... 134  516  65  128  213  25  .306 

Myers.    Bklyn....l33  612  62  156  221   13  .305 

Young.    N.  Y 129  485  73   148  197  24  .305 

ftock.    St.L 134  491  56  150  175  17  .305 

onetchy,  Bklyn.132  486  46  145  189  13  .298 

Z.  Wheat,  Bklyn.136  530  66  156  214  12  .294 

Flack.    Chi 116  471   71   138  384  19  .293 

Whitted.    Pgh.. ..Ill  420  49  123  169  12 

Holke.   Bos 137  515  47  151  176  18  .293 

Burns.   N.  Y 139   534   86   156   207   29 

Deal.    Chi 116  405  36  117  155  11 

Stengel,  Phil 89  323  38     93  136  12  .288 

Doyle.     N.  Y 112  380  60  109  163  13  .: 

Champion  Batters  Since  18V6. 

Batter  and  club.  Average. 

1876— Barnes,  Chicago 403 

1877— White,    Boston 385 

1878— Dairymple.     Milwaukee 380 

1879— Anson.    Chicago 407 

1880— Gore,    Chicago 365 

1881— Anson,    Chicago 393 

1882— Brouthers,    Buffalo .367 

1883— Brouthers,    Buffalo 371 

1884— O'Rourke,    Buffalo 350 

1885— Connor,    -•lew    York 371 

1886— Kelly,    Chicago 388 

1887— Maul.    Philadelphia 343 

1888— Anson,    Chicago 343 

1889— Brouthers.    Boston 313 

1890— Luby,    Chicago 342 

1891— Hamilton,     Boston 338 

1892— Brouthers.    Boston 335 

1893— Stenzel.    Pittsburgh 409 

1894— Duffy.    Boston .    .438 

1895— Burkett.    Cleveland 438 

1896— Burkett.    Cleveland 419 

1897— Keeler,    Baltimore 417 

1898— Keeler.    Baltimore 387 

1899— D^lehanty.     Philadelphia 408 

1900— Warner,    Pittsburgh 384 

1901 —Burkett.   St.  Louis 1382 

1902— Beaumont.  Pittsburgh 367 

1903— Warner,    Pittsburgh 355 

1904— Wagner,    Pittsburgh 349 


agner.    Pittsburgh 

1909— Wagner.    Pittsburgh . . 

1910— Magee,    Philadelphia.. 

1911  -Wagner,    Pittsburgh 

1912— Zimmerman,    Chicago 

1913— Daubert.    Brooklyn 

1914— Daubert,    Brooklyn  . . 

1915— Doyle.    New    York 

1916— Chase.    Cincinnati  .  . 

1917— Roush.  Cincinnati 

1918— Wheat.     Brooklyn. . . . 

1919— Cravath.     Philadelphia 

Championship  Record. 
I«T«      Club.  Won.  Lost 

If76— Chicago    62      14 

1877 — Boston     31      17 

1878 — Boston     41      19 

1879 — Providence    ....  .    55     23 

1880— Chicago      ,  67      17 

1881— Chicago      56     28 

1882-Chicago      65  29 

1883— Boston     63     35 

1884— Providence     84     28 

1 885 — Chicago      87     25 

1886-Chicago     90  34 

1887— Detroit     79  45 

1888— New    York    .    84  47 

1889— New    York    .  83  43 

1890-Brooklyn     I  i    86  43 

1891— Boston     87      51 

1892— Boston     ....  102  48 

1893— Boston     86  44 

1894— Baltimore    89  39 

1895 — Baltimore    87  43 

1896— Baltimore    90  39 

1897— Boston     93  39 

1898— Boston     .  91  47 

1899— Brooklyn     101  47 

1900— Brooklyn     82  54 

1901— Pittsburgh     90  49 

1902— Pittsburgh     .'103  36 

1903-Pittsburfh     91  49 

1904— New    York    .  106  47 

1905-New    York    105  48 

1906— Chicago 116  36 

L907-Chicago    107  45 

1908-Chicago    I.....:    99  55 

1909— Pittsburgh     110  42 

1910— Chicago    .  104  50 

1911-New    York    !    99  54 

1912— New    York 103  48 

1913— New    York    101  51 

1914— Boston 94  59 

L915— Philadelphia    90  62 

L916— Brooklyn 94  60 

L917— New    York     98  56 

19 J  8— Ohiras-o    84  45 

1919— Cincinnati    96  44 

AMERICAN  LEAGUE. 

Standinn    of    th"    PJi/bs 


•* 


Pet. 

.788 

.648 

.707 

.705 

.798 

.667 

.655 

.643 

.750 

.776 

.725 

.637 

.641 

.659 

.667 

.630 

.680 

.662 

.695 

.669 

.698 

.795 

.659 

.682 

.603 

.647 

.741 

.650 

.693 

.686 

.763 

.704 

.643 

.725 

.675 

.647 

.682 

.664 

.614 

.592 

.610 

.636 

.651 

.686 


Chicago 
leveland 
"Jew     York 
Detroit 
Boston 

Louis 
Washington 
Philadelphia 


12  12  11  11  11  14  17  88  .629 
8  .  .  13  81511131684.604 

8  7  .  .  12  912141880  576 
912  8  .  .  11  14  12  14  80  !571 

9  410     9..     9111466.482 
998    6  10  ..  12  13  67  .482 
67689    8  ..  12  56  .400 
342    6678.  .36  .257 


Lost  _______  52  54  59  60  71  72  84  104 


ALMANAC   AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


42X 


Twenty  Leading  Batsmen  in  1919. 
Playing  in   forty  games  or   more. 
Batter  and  club      G.    AB.  R.     H.    TB.  SB.  Pet. 
Cobb    Det           124  499     90  190  255  30   .381 

Chicago.      AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
Wilkinson,   p.  1000000000 
Lo'd'rmilk.  p.O     000000010 
'McMullin    ..1011000000 

Ja.ck.son     Giii»«»139  518      79   180  260   10   .347 

PlSratead'   Det'.  96  287     42      95  138     4  !331 
Tobin     St.    L..126  483     54  159  210     8   .325 
Ruth'   Bos  130  432   103   140  283      8   .324 
Jac'bsoS  St.  L.120  454      68   146  205  10   .32* 
Rice     Wash  141  557     79  179  230  27   .321 
Herman,     Det    139  536     74  172  257     7   .321 
E    Collins    Chi.  140   518      87   lob  211   o4   .d^l 
Peck'pa'h  N.Y.122  453     89  139  184  12   .307 

Totals    ...31      1      6     6     1      1     0  24  14     1 
*McMullin  batted  for  Wilkinson  in  eighth. 
Cincinnati.  AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
Rath.    2b  3212010430 
Daubert.    lb.4     135000900 
Groh,    3b  3111100030 
Roush.   cf....4     0     0     01      0     0     8     0     0 
Duncan,  If  .  ..4     0     2     2     0     0     0     1     0     0 
Kopf,    ss  4     100000121 
Neale.    rf  4     233000300 
Wingo.    c  3111010120 
Ruether,    p.  ..3      1      3            100020 

Johnston    Clev.102  332     41  101  127  22   .304 
McSmisT    Bos..  121  447      31   135   162      8   .302 
Shorten.    Det...    96  272      36      82      97     4   .302 
Leibold,     Chi...  122  438     81  132  154  17  .301 

Champion  Batters  Since   1900. 
Batter  and  club.                          Aver337 

Totals  ....32     9  14  21     3     2     0  27  12     1 
Chicago   0     1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0—1 
Cincinnati  ...1     0     0     5     0     0     2     1     *—  9 

Two  base  hit—  Rath.     Three  base  hits—  Rue- 
ther 2.     Daubert.     Struck  out—  By  Cicotte.  1; 
Wilkinson.    1;    Ruether,    1.      Bases   on   balls  — 
Off    Cicotte.     2:     Wilkinson,     1:    Ruether.     1. 
Double  plays—  Risberg  to  E.  Collins.  Risberg  to 
E    Collins  to   Gandil      Hits  —  Off  Cicotte    7  in 

3   2-3  innings'    off  Wilkinson    5  in  3   1-3  in- 

In  Cincinnati,   Oct.   2. 

Chicago.      AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 

i  ooo     Pnhb*    Detroit                   375 

J.  Collins,  rf.4     000000200 

E.Collins.    2b.3     000100230 

1911—  Cobb,  Detroit  j~" 

Weaver,    3b..4     023000300 

1912—  Cobb,  Detroit  |*JJ 

Felsch,    cf...2     0     0     0     0     2     0     5     1     0 

Gandil,    lb..  .4     0     1     1     0     0     1     7     0     O 

Risberg.    ss.  .4     1     1     1     0     0     0     2     2     1 

Schalk.    c....  4123000220 

Williams,    p..  3     Ol      1000020 

1918—  Cobb,     Detroit  «°f 

*McMullin   ..1000000000 

1919—  Cobb,    Detroit  rf81 

Championship  Record. 
Club                                   Won.Loat.  Pet 

Totals    ...33     2   10  13     1     2     1  24  10     1 
*Batted  for  Williams  in  ninth. 
Cincinnati.  AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 

1900  Chicago        °        ".3      '«i  X 

Rath     2b         3100100120 

1901    Chicago           83     53      .oi  O 

Daubert     lb  3000010  12     20 

1  Q0<>     PhiladelDhia             83      53      .olO 

Groh      3b       2100200010 

1903    Boston          91     47      •}£% 

Roush    cf        2111200500 

1904  Boston             95      59      .Oil 

Duncan     IfllOOllOlOO 

1905—  Philadelphia    92      56      .6^2 
IQO«  Chicago                           93      58      .bio 

Kopf,    ss  3     0     1     3     0     0     0     3     6     0 

1907    Detroit               "^      *-*            «« 

Rariden    c      3011000300 

1908-Detroit     90     63      .588 

Sallee.   p  3     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     3     0 

1909—  Detroit      98      54      .0*0 
1Q10    Philadelphia                    •  •  -102     48      .bol 

Totals    ...23     4     4     6     6     2     0  27  14     1 

1911    Philadelphia           101      50      .66£ 

Chicago     .       00000020     0—  2 

191°     Boston                           105     47      .691 

Cincinnati       00030100     *  —  4 

•fo-To     Philidplnhia                        -  -    96      57      .627 

-1014     Philadelohia             .......    ""     5o      -oo 

Two    base    hits  —  Jackson,     Weaver,     Schalk. 

1915HBoston             .  '.  '.  .  101      50      .669 

igig  Boston               91      63      .o91 

1917  Chicago                     100      54      .641 

1918—  Boston    75      51      .595 
1919  Chicago               ""     ""      -o/4i 

Kopf-Daubert.    Balk  —  Sallee.    Time,  1  :42.    Um- 
pires —  Evans  at  plate:  Quigley  at  first;  Nallin 

WORLD'S  CHAMPIONSHIP  GAMES- 
The    Chicag-o    American     (White    Sox)     anc 
Cincinnati     National     (Reds)     league    baeebjul 
teams     champions  of  their  respective  associa- 
tions    played    for    the    1919    championship   of 
the  world  with  the  following  result: 
In    Cincinnati,    Oct.    1. 

,.<«  r,  A4B-  5-  BFTf  -sf  •  f  f  f  •  B8 
^aSS-igS  8  M              ?  o 

at  second;  Rigler  at  third. 
In   Chicago,    Oct.    3. 
Chicago.      AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
Leibold.    rf...4     000000200 
Collins.    2b...4     011000150 
Weaver.    3b..4     011000O40 
Jackson.    If.  .3122000100 
Felsch,    cf....2     100100100 
Gandil.    lb.  ..3     O     1     1     O     0     0  14     1     0 
Risberg.    as..  .2     1131O046O 
Schalk.    c  30     1     1     0     0     0     4     0     0 
Kerr.  p  3     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0 

agS%£:J  5  8  8  !  HI  11 
SS3£Jr.1Si.:i  8  §  8  ?  8 
88355:  £:.v.?  8  8  §  8  8  8  I  I  8 

Totals    ...28     3     7     9     2     0      0  27  16     0 
Cincinnati.  AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
Rath.   2b  4000000330 
Daubert.    lb.4     000000  14     10 
Groh,  3D  3     0001O0250 

422 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Cincinnati.AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
Roush.    cf..  ..3     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0 
Duncan,    If..  .3     0     1     1     0     0     0     0     0     0 
Kopf,    ss  3     0     1     1     0     0     0     1     1     0 
Neale.   rf  3     000000100 
Rariden,    C...3000O00230 
Fisher,  p  2     0     1     1     0     0     0     0     5     1 
Luque,  p  0     O     O     0     0     0     O     1     0     0 
*Magee    1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0 

Two  base  hit—Eller.   Three  base  hits—  Roush. 
Weaver.     Struck    out—  Williams.    3:    Eller,    9. 
Bases   on  balls—  Williams,   2:   Mayer.    1;    Eller. 
1.    Hits—  Williams.  4  in  8  innings.    Passed  ball 
—Schalk.     Umpires—  Rigler  at  plate;  Evans  at 
first;  Quigley  at  second;  Nallin  at  third. 
In   Cincinnati,    Oct.   7. 
Chicago.      AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
J.  Collins,  rf.3     000000200 
Leibold,    rf...  1000101000 
E.  Collins.  2b4     000010460 
Weaver.  3b...5     2     5     5     0     0     0     2     1     0 
Jackson.   If.  ..4     122100110 
Felsch,    cf....5     1     2     3     0     0     0     2     0     1 
Gandil.  lb....4     011100  11     00 
Risberg.    ss.,.4     1     0     0     1     0     0     3     5     2 
Schalk,   c  2     011201420 
Kerr,    p  3     011010140 

Totals    ...29     0     3     3     1     0     0  24    18     1 
*Magee  batted  for  Fisher  in  eighth. 
Cincinnati    ...000000000—0 
Chicago    0     2     0     1     0     0     0     0     *—  3 
Three  base  hit—  Risberg.     Struck  out—  Kerr, 
4;  Fisher.  1:  Luque.   1.    Bases  on  balls—  Kerr. 
1:    Fisher.    2.     Double    plays—  Groh-Rath-Dau- 
bert;   Risbergr-E.   Collins.    Hits—  Fisher.   7  in  7 
innings.    Umpires  —  Quigley  at  plate:   Nallin  at 
first;  Rigler  at  second:  Evans  at  third. 
In  Chicago,   Oct.   4. 
Chicago.  •    AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
Leibold.    rf...5     000000000 
Collins.    2b...3     000000350 
Weaver,    3b..4     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0 
Jackson.    If...  4     012000300 
Felsch.     cf...3     0     1     1     0     1     0     0     0     0 
Gandil.    lb...4     0     1     1     0     0     0  14     0     0 
Risberg,    ss...3     000101340 
Schalk,    c  1     00     0     2     0     0     4     3     0 
Cicotte.    p..  ..3000     000     02     2 
*Murphy    .  .  .  1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0 

Totals   ....35     5  10  13     6     2     2  30  19     3 
Cincinnati.  AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB  PO  A  E 
Rath,    2b  5     0     1      1      0     0     1     4     1     0 
Daubert.   lb..4     1      2     2     0     1     1      8     0     0 
Groh.    3b  4     0     1     2     1     0     0     2     2     0 
Roush,    cf....4     1      1     1     0     0     &     7     2     0 
Duncan.    If..  .5     0     1     2     0     0     0     2     0     0 
Kopf     ss          4000100150 

Neale.    rf  4     135000300 
Rariden,  C....4     0     1     1     0     0     0     3     0     0 
Ruether,    p...  2     112000000 
Ring,    p  2     000000010 

Totals    ...31      0     3     4     3     1      1   27  17     2 
*Murphy  batted  for  Cicotte  in  ninth. 
Cincinnati.  AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
Rath.    2b  4     0     1      1     00     0     5     2     1 
Daubert.    lb.4     000000  10     00 
Groh.    3b  4     000000231 
Roush.    cf....3     000000200 
Duncan,   If  .  .  .  3     1     00     0     0     0     1     0     0 
Kopf     ss...  3111000120 

Totals   ....38     4  11  16     2     1     2  30  11     0 
Chicago  ..000013000     1—5 
CincinnatiO     022000000—4 
Two     base    hits—  Groh.      Duncan.     Ruether. 
Weaver    (2).    Felsch.     Three   base   hit—  Neale. 
Struck  out—  Kerr.  2:   Ring-.  2.     Bases  on  balls 
—Kerr,  2:  Ruether.  3:  Ring.  3.     Double  plays 
—  Roush-Groh;  Jackson-Schalk;  Risberg-E.  Col- 
lins-Gandil;       Roush-Rath      Kopf  -Rath.       Hits 
—Off  Ruether.    6  in  5   innings:    Ring.    4   in   5 
innings.      Hit    by    pitcher—  By    Kerr    (Roush). 
Losing   pitcher—  Ring.      Time.    2:06.      Umpires 
—Evans  behind  plate:  Quigley  at  first;  Nallin 
at  second;  Rigler  at  third. 
In  Cincinnati,  Oct.  8. 
Chicago.      AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
J.  Collins,  cf.5     2340O0100 
E.Collins.   2b.4     122010361 
Weaver,    3b..4     1     0     0     0     0     0     2     2     0 
Jackson,   If...  4     0     2     2     0     0     0     3     O     0 
Fclsoh.    rf....  4     022000200 
Gandil.  lb....4     000000900 
Risberg.    SS...4     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     2     0 
Schalk.    c  4     0     1      1     0     0     0     4     10 
Cicotte.  p  4     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0 

Neale,  rf  3     0     1     2     O     0     0     4     0     0 
Wingo.    c  3022000200 
Ring,    p  3     0000000     !!0 

Totals    ...30     2     5     6     0     0     0  27     9     2 
Cincinnati    ...000020000—2 
Chicago  0     00000000—0 
Two  base  hits—  Jackson.   Neale.    Struck  out 
—  Cicotte.    2:    Ring.    2.     Double  plays—  E.   Col- 
lins-Risberg-Gandil  :  Cicotte-Risberp-Gfrndil.  Hit 
by  pitcher  —  By  Ring.  E.  Collins.  Schalk.  Passed 
ball—  Wingo.    Umpires—  Nallin   at  plate.   Rigler 
at  first  base,  Evans  at  second  base,  Quigley  at 
third  base. 
In  Chicago,  Oct.   6. 
Chicago.      AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
:Leibold,    rf.  ..3     0     0     0     1     0     0     1     0     0 
Collins,  2b....4     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2     1 
Weaver.  3b..  4024000120 
Jackson,   If..  4000000310 
Felsch.    cf.  ..3     0     0     0     0     0     0     7     O     0 
Gandil,  Ib.  ..3     0     0     0     0     0     0     8     1     0 
Risberg.    ss..  3     000000122 
Schalk.    c..  ..20     11     000320 
Lynn,   c  1      0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0     1 
Williams,  p...  2     000000100 
Mayer,  p  0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0 
*Murphy    ....1      OOOOOOOOO 

Totals  ....37     4  10  11     0     1     0  27  13     1 
Cincinnati.  AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB  PO.  A.  E. 

Rath.  2b  5011000331 
Daubert.    Ib  .4     0     0     0     0     0     0  10     0     1 
Groh,     3b..  .4      1      1      2      0      0      0      0      2      1 
Roush.    cf..  .4     0     O     0     0     0     0     3     1     1 
Duncan.  If..  .4     0     1     1     0     0     0     1      1     0 
Kopf.    ss  4     011000260 
Neale,    rf  4     011000300 
Wingo.    c  1     011300510 
Sallee    p          1OO0000010 

Fisher,    p  0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0 
*Ruether    ....1000000000 
Luque.    p  1      0      0      0      0      0     0      0     0      0 
fMagee    ....1     0      1     1     0     0     0     0     0     0 

Total    30     0     3     5      1      0     0  27  10     4 
*Murphy  batted  for  Williams  in   eighth. 
Cincinnati.  AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E. 
Rath.    2b  3111100031 
Daubert.   lb..2     0     0     0      0      2     0   11      0     0 
Groh.  3b  3     1001O0120 
Roush.  cf  4     213OO1200 
Duncan.  If  ....3     0      0     0      1      0     0     2      0      0 
Kopf,    ss  3     011010040 
Neale.  rf  4     0     0     O     O     O     O     1     O     0 
Rariden.  C....4     0     0     0     O     O     0  10     O     0 
Eller.   ib  3     11200O020 

JSmith    0     OOOOOOOOO 

Totals   ....34      1      7     8     3     0     0  27  16     4 
*Batted    for    Fisher    in    fifth.      tBatted    for 
Luque  in  ninth.    JRan  for  Magee  in  ninth. 
Chicago  1     0     1     0     20     0     0     0  —  4 

Cincinnati   ...0     0000100     0—1 
Two  base  hits—  J.  Collins.  Groh.    Struck  out 
—Cicotte.    4;    Fisher.    1;    Luque.    5.     Bases   on 
balls—  Cicotte.  3.    Double  plays—  Kopf-Daubert. 
Hits—  Sallee.    9  in  41-3  innings;   Fisher,    none 
in  2-3  innings;  Luque,  1  in  4  innings.     Losing 
pitcher—  Sallee.     Time.    1  :47.    Umpire—  Quigley 

Totals   ....29     547331  27  111 
Cincinnati    ...0     0     0     0     0     4     0     O     1—5 
Chicago     0     0     0     0     0     0      0     0     0—0 

ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


423 


at   plate:    Nallin    at    first;    Rigler   at    second: 
Evans  at  third. 

In  Chicago,   Oct.  9. 
Chicago.      AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  P0.  A.  E. 
Leibold,    cf.  .5     0     1     1     0     0     0     2     2     0 
Collins,    2b.  .5     1     3     4     0     0     1     4     1     0 
Weaver.    3b.  5     123000150 
Jackson.   If.  .5     2     2     6     0     0     0     1     0     0 
Felsch,    rf..  .4     0     00     0     0     0     2     0     ( 
Gandil.  lb..  .4     1     1     3     0     0     0     9     0     0 
Risberg,    ss.  .3     0     0     0     1     0     0     2     3     ( 
Schalk.    c....  4     011000621 
Williams.    p.OOOOOOOOOC 
James,  p  2     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     ( 
Wilkinson.    p.!00000002( 
*Murphy    —  0      000100000 

Summary. 

Total   receipts   $72241400 

Winning  team  117  157*68 

Losing  team  7810470 

Players'  share   260*34970 

Each    Cincinnati    player's  «share....        5.20701 
Each  Chicago  player's  share  3,254.36 

Attendance  and  Receipts  in  1919. 

Attendance.       Receipts. 
Oct.  1,  in  Cincinnati.  ..   30,511          $98,778.00 
Oct.  2,  in  Cincinnati.  ..   29.690            9713600 
Oct.  3,  in  Chicago  29,126            90.569.00 
Oct.  4,  in  Chicago  34.363            9780700 
Oct.  6,  in  Chicago  34.379            97,'839.00 
Oct.  7.  in  Cincinnati.  .     32,006        *101,768  00 
Oct.  8,  in  Cincinnati.  .     13.923            46  968  00 
Oct.  9.  in  Chicago  32.930            91,549ioO 

Totals    ....38      5   10   18      2      0      1   27   15      1 
*Murphy  batted  for  Wilkinson  in  ninth. 
Cincinnati.  AB.  R.  BH.TB.BB.SH.  SB.  PO.  A.  E 
Rath.    2b  4     122201220 
Daubert.   lb..4     22            1      1     0      8     0     C 
Groh.    3b  6     222000110 
Roush     cf....5     2     3     5     0     0     0     3     0     1 
Duncan.    If.  ..4      123010100 
Kopf.    ss  3      113200130 

236.928        $722,414.00 

Fielding—  Ch  icago  . 
Pos     G  PO    A    E       Pet 

Neale     rf.  3011201400 
Rariden.     c...  5     022001701 
Eller    p  4      111000000 

Williams    P        3     1      2     0      1  000 

Kerr    p         2      1      4      0      1  000 

Totals  ....38  10  16  21     7     2     3  27     6     2 
Cincinnati    ..41001301     0—10 
Chicago   001000040—5 

Two  base  hits—  Weaver.  Jackson,  Roush   (2), 
Duncan.  Collins.    Three  base  hits—  Kopf.   Wea- 
ver. Gandil.    Home  run—  Jackson.    Struck  out- 
James.    2;    Wilkinson,    2:    Eller,    6.     Bases    on 
balls—  James.    3;    Wilkinson.   4:    Eller,    2.    Hits 
—  Williams,  4  in  1-3  inning-  ;  James.  8  in  4  2-3 
innings;    Wilkinson,    4    in    4    innings.     Hit    by 
pitcher—  By      James      (Eller);      by     Wilkinson 
(Roush).     Umpires—  Nallin  at  plate:  Rigler  at 
first   base:    Evans   at   second  base;    Quigley   at 
third  base. 
Batting   Averages. 
Chicago.                   AB.  H.  2B.  3B.HR.TB.    Pet. 
McMullin                        210001       500 

Lowdermilk    .        .       P         10101  000 

Lynn    C         11001  000 

Gandil    IB       8  79     2     1        '987 

E.  Collins  2B      8  21  30     2        *963 

Weaver   3B      8     9  18     0     1000 

Risberg     ....                   SS       8  23  30     4         9°9 

J.  Collins  CF  -RF       1500     1000 

Leibold        RF  -CF       55201  000 

Felsch                      CF  -RF       8  23     1      2        *9°3 

Jackson     LF         8  16     1     0     I'OOO 

Fielding—  Cincinnati. 
Pos.    G.PO.  A.  E.      Pet. 

Sallee   P         2     1     4     0     1  000 

Jackson                         3°   12     3     0     1   18       375 

Weaver                          34   11     4     1     0  17       321 

Ring    P         2130     1000 

Schalk                            °3      7      0      0      0      7      .304 

J    Collins                     16     1      1     0     0     5       250 

Fisher    P        2     0     6     1         857 

Gandil                            30     7     0      1      0     9      233 

Wingo                               C        38301  000 

E    Collins                     32      7     1     0     0     8     .219 

Rariden     C         5  25     3     1         965 

Williams                         510001       200 

Daubert            .                IB       8  81     5     2         977 

Felsch                 .        .  27     5      1      0     0     6     .186 

Rath  2B       8  22  17     2        *950 

Kerr                                  610001       167 

Groh   3B      8     8  18     2         9°8 

Risberg                     ..  25     2     0     1     0     4      .080 

Kopf     SS.      8   10  29      1         966 

Leibold                       ..18     1     0     0     0     1      .056 

Duncan     LF       8910      1000 

Cicotte                             800000       000 

Uoush   .    .         .            CF       8  30     3     2         943 

Murphy        200000      .000 

Wilkinson                        200000      .000 

Team    Fielding. 
TC.     PO.      A.        E.        Pet. 

Lowdermilk                   000000       000 

Mayer    0     0     0     0     0      0      .000 

James    200000      .000 

Cincinnati.               AB.  H.  2B.  3B.HR.TB.    Pet. 
Ruether    6     4     1     2     0     9      .667 

Chicago     340     213     115        12        .965 
Cincinnati   324     216       96       12        963 

Pitching—  Chicago. 

W.  L.  IP.  AB.  SO.  BB.R.BH. 
Cicotte                            1      2  23  84     758  19 

Wingo                               740004       571 

Fisher                              210001       500 

Magee    210001      .500 

Neale    28  10     1      1     0  13     .357 

Williams                        0     3  17  66     4     8  11   12 

Filer    721003      .286 

Kerr    2     0   19  72     63     4  14 

Daubert  29     70109     .241 

Wilkinson   0     0      8  34     3     4     7     9 
Lowdermilk  0     0170212 

Kopf    27      60108      .222 

James  0     0     6  23     2     3     3     8 
Mayer   0     0150110 

Roush    28      6      2      1      0   10      .214 
Rariden                         19     4     0     0     0     4       °11 

Pitching—  Cincinnati. 
W.  L.  IP.  AB.  SO.  BB.R.BH. 
Ruether   1      0  15  56     1     4     4  12 

Groh    29     52007       172 

Ring    500000      .000 
Sallee    400000      .000 

Luque    100000      .000 
Team  Batting.                          AB.       H.        Pet 

Fisher   0     1      8  29     2     2     3     7 
Lnque                              005   14      5001 

Ring                                 1      1   14  57     4      6      2      7 

Cincinnati    251       64       .255 

Eller  ..                      ...2     0  18  71  15     2     6  13 

424 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOE   1920. 


Attendance  and  Receipts  by  Years. 

Championship  Record. 

Attend-                          Players' 

1902—  Ind'apolis..  .682 

1911—  Min'apolis..  .600 

Year                               aiue.       Receipts.        pool. 

1903—  St.  Paul...   .657 

1912—  Mm'apolis..  .636 

1905    (5  games)..    91,033     $08,405     327,391 

1904—  St.   Paul...   .646 

1913—  Milwaukee.  .599 

1906    (6  games)..    99.864      106.550        33,401 

1905—  Columbus.    .658 

1914—  Milwaukee.  .5S>0 

1907    (5  games)..    78,068      101.728        54,933 

1906  —  Columbus.    .616 

1915—  Min'apolis..  .597 

1908    (5  games)..    62.232        94.975       46,173 

1907—  Columbus.    .584 

1916—  Louisville..   .605 

1909    (7  games)  .  .145,807      188,862        66,925 

1908—  Ind'apolis.     .601 

1917—  Ind'apolis..   .588 

1910   (5  games)  .  .124,222      179,980        79.072 

1909—  Louisville.    .554 

1918—  Kan.  City..   .595 

1911    (6  games)..  179.851      342.364     127,910 

1910—  Min'apolis     .637 

1919—  St.  Paul...  .610 

1912    (8  games)  .  .252.237     490.833     147,572 
1913    (5  games).  .150.992     325.979      135,164 
1914   (4  games).  .111.009     225.739      121.899 
1915   (5  games)..  143.351      320,361      144,899 
1916   (5  games)..  162.359     385.590     162,927 
1917    (6  games)..  185.691     425,878     152.888 
1018    (6  lames)      128.483      179.619        69,527 

Internatioi 
Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 
Baltimore  100  49   .671 
Toronto  ..   93  57   .620 
Buffalo    ..    81   67   .547 
Bing'ton  .   76  71   .514 

lal  League. 
Club.        W.  L.  Pet. 
Newark  ..   71   80   .470 
Rochester.  65  86  .430 
Jer.  City..  56  93   .376 
Reading  ..  53  91   .368 

1919   (8  games)'..  236.928     722.414     260,349 

Championship  Record. 

Record  of  World's  Series. 
1903  —  Games  won,  Boston  Americans,  5:  Pitts- 

1892— Providence.  .616 
Bing'ton  667 
1893—  Erie  606 

1906—  Buffalo  607 
1907—  Toronto  619 
1908—  Baltimore.    .593 

burgh   Nationals,    3.      Winning  pitchers. 

1894—  Providence.  .696 

1909—  Rochester.    .596 

Dineen,  3;  Young.  2:  Phillippi.  3 
1905  —  Games    won.    New    York    Nationals.    4; 
Philadelphia     Americans.      1.      Winning 

1895—  Springfield.  .687 
1896—  Providence.  .602 
1897—  Syracuse...   .632 

1910—  Rochester.    .601 
1911—  Rochester.    .645 
1912—  Toronto...     .595 

xntchers.    Mathewson.   3:   McGinmty.    1: 

1898—  Montreal...  .586 

1913  —  Newark...     .625 

Bender.   1. 
1906—  Games  won,  Chicago  Americans,  4;  Chi- 

1899— Rochester..  .626 
1900—  Providence.  .623 

1914—  Providence    .617 
1915—  Buffalo  632 

cago    Nationals.     2.     Winning    pitchers. 

1901—  Rochester..  .645 

1916—  Buffalo  586 

Walsh.  2:  White.  1:  Altrock.  1:  Brown. 

1902—  Toronto  669 

1917—  Toronto...     .604 

1:  Reulbach.  1. 
1907—  Games   won.    Chicago   Nationals.   4:   De- 
troit   Americans.    0:    draw.    1.    Winning 

1903—  Jersey  City.  .736 
1904—  Buffalo  736 
1905—  Providence.  .638 

1918—  Toronto...     .682 
1919—  Baltimore..  .671 

pitchers.  Brown.   2:  Reulbach.   1:  Over- 
all   1 

Western  League. 

1908—  Games   won.    Chicago    Nationals.  .4:   De- 
troit   Americans.    1.    Winning    pitchers, 

Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 
St.  Joseph.  78  57   .578 

Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 
Okla.   City.  69  69   .500 

Brown.  2:  Overall.  1:  Reulbach.  1. 

Tulsa   77  63   .550 

Sioux  City.  68  70   .486 

1909  Games    won     Pittsburgh    Nationals.    4: 

Wichita    ...75  65   .536 

Joplin    57  78   .422 

Detroit  Americans.  3.    Winning  pitchers. 

Des  Moines71  67  .514 

Omaha   ....56  80  .412 

Adams.   3:    Willis.    1:   Mullin.    2:    Dono- 

Championship   Record. 

1910—  Games'  won.  Philadelphia  Americans.  4; 
Chicago  Nationals.  1.    Winning  pitchers. 
Bender.  1:  Coombs,  3:  Cole.  1. 
1911  —  Games  won.  Philadelphia  Americans,  4: 
New  York  Nationals.  2.    Winning  pitch- 
ers.   Blank,    1;    Coombs,    1;    Bender,    2; 

Year.     Club.            Pet. 
1900—  Denver  581 
1901—  Kan.  City..  .648 
1902—  Kan.  City..  .603 
1903—  Milwaukee.  .659 
1904—  Omaha  600 
1905—  Des  Moines  .646 

Ypar.     Club.            Pet. 
1910—  Sioux  City  .643 
1911—  Denver  671 
1912—  Denver  611 
1913—  Denver  628 
1914—  Sioux  City   .636 
1915—  Des  Moines  .621 

Mathewson    1:  Crandall.  1. 

1906—  Des  Moines  .606 

1916—  Omaha  617 

1912  —  Games  won.  Boston  Americans.  4:   New 

1907—  Omaha  571 

1917—  Hntchinson  .571 

York  Nationals.   3:   tied   game.    1.    Win- 

1908— Sioux  City   .607 

1918—  Wichita  667 

ning  pitchers.  Wood.  2:  Bedient.  1:  Col- 

1909— Des  Moines  .612 

1919—  St.  Joseph.  .578 

lins.  1:  Marquard.  2:  Tesreau.  1. 

1913—  Games  won.  Philadelphia  Americans.  4: 
New  York  Nationals.  1.    Winning  pitch- 
ers.    Bender.     2  :     Bush.     1  :     Plank,    il  ; 

Southern 
Club.        W.  L.  P^t. 
Atlanta    ...85  53   .616 

League. 
Club.        W.  L.  Pet. 
Memphis  ..66  73   .475 

Mathewson.  1  . 

Lit.  Rock..  74  56  .569 

Chatt'ga    ..65   73   .471 

1914  —  Games  won.  Boston  Nationals.  4:  Phila- 
delphia Americans.  0.    Winning  pitchers. 

N.  Orleans.  74  61    .548 
Mobile    ....67  69  .493 

Birm'ham   59  77  .434 
Nashville  ..55  83  .399 

Rudolph.  2:  Tyler.  1:  James.  1. 

Eastern   League. 

1915  —  Games  won.  Boston  Americans.  4:  Phil- 

Club.        W.  L.  Pet. 

Club.         W.  L    Pet 

adelphia  Nationals.  1.    Winning  pitchers. 
Alexander   (Pa.).  1;  Foster.  2;  Leonard. 

Pittsfield..  64  44   .593 
Worcester.  61  44   .581 

Springfield  54  62   .509 
Waterbury  46  59  .438 

1;   Shore.   1. 

Providence  61  45   .575 

NewHaven  47  62   .431 

1916—  Games      won.      Boston     Americans.      4: 

Bridgeport  59  47  .657 

Hartford..  34  73  .318 

Brooklyn    Nationals.    1.    Winning    pitch- 
ers.   Shore,    2;    Ruth,    1;    Coombs.    1: 

South  Ath 
Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 

in  tic  League. 
Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 

Leonard,    1. 
1917  —  Games  won.  Chicago  Americans,  4;  New 
York  Nationals.  2.  Winning  pitchers.  Ci- 
cotte,  1;  Faber,  3;  Benton,  1;  Schupp.  1. 

Columbia.    55  39  .585 
Charlotte.    55  41   .573 
Greenville   52  45  .536 

Charleston  49  48   .505 
Augusta...  45  52   .464 
Spartanb'g  33  64  .344 

1918-j»-Games  won.  Boston  Americans.  4:  Chica- 
go Nationals.  2.    Winning  pitchers.  Ruth. 
2  :  Mays.  2  :  Vaughn.  1  :  Tyler.  1. 

7.    7.    7. 
Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 
Bloom'ton.  80  41    .662 

League. 
Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 
Rockford..  63  60   .512 

1919  —  Games    won.     Cincinnati    Nationals.     5: 

Peoria....    68  54  .557 

Ter.  Haute  50  70   .417 

Chicago  Americans.  3.      Winning  pitch- 

Evansville 63  68  .521 

Moline  40  81   .331 

ers.  Ruether.  1:  Sallee.  1:  Ring,  1;  El- 

Virginia    J.ennue. 

ler,  2;  Kerr,  2;  Cicotte,  1. 

Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 

Club.         W.  L.  Pet 

RESULTS  OF  OTHER  LEAGUES. 

Richmond.  40  19   .678 

Petersburg-  27  31   .466 

A.7n-€riccm  Association., 

Norfolk...   33   27   .550 

New.  News  24  36  .400 

Club.         W.  L.  Pet.         Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 

Portsm'th.  31  27  .534 

Suffolk....   22  37   .373 

St.  Paul....  94  60   .610    Min'apolis  .72  82   .468 

Western   Canada   League. 

Kan.   City..  86  65   .570     Columbus  .70  84   .455 

Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 

Club.         W.  L.  Pet. 

Louisville  .86  67  .562    Toledo    ....59  91   .393 

Saskatoon   36   17   .679 

Winnioeer.    21   33   .389 

Ind'apolis  .85  68  .556    Milwaukee  68  93  .384    Regina....    29  23   .558    Moose"  Jaw  19  32  .373 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


425 


Texas    League. 
(Season  as  a   whol 
Club.         W.  L.  Pet.         Club. 
Ft.  Worth  94  60   .610    Dallas.. 
Bhreveport  82   63   .566    S.  Anto 
Houston..    89  71   .557    Galvest 
Beaumont   78  71  .523    Waco... 

Michigan  won  the  conference 
pionship  in  1919  without  losin 
ing    the    season   with    a    percei 
Illinois     was     second.     Iowa 
fourth.    Ohio    fifth     Indiana    si 
Michigan     Op.  Mich. 
April  19  Case           ...   0       10 

Pa 

W.  L.  Pet.        Club.         W. 
...   73  74   .497    Vernon.  ..Ill 
nio  65  88  .425    Los  Angr.108 
3n.  63  88   .417    Salt  Lake  88 
...  59  88  .401    Sacram'to  85    ( 
COLLEGE    BASEBALL, 
baseball  cham-    seventh  and  Pi 
g  a  game,  end-    had   perhaps   tl 
itage    of    1.000    the   scores   of 
third,     Chicago    games  in  1919 
xth.    Wisconsin 

Wisconsin.    Op.  Wis. 
April  19—  Notre    Dame  4          3 
April  2  6  —  Chicago    ....  4          0 
May     3—  Indiana     ....  6          1 
May     5  —  Indiana     ....  3'       4 
May  16—  Illinois    9         4 
May  17—  Illinois    11          4 
May  23—  Illinois    8          3 
May  31—  Chicago    ....  4         3 

Purdue.     Op.  Pur. 
April  23  —  Iowa            .  .   7         6 

ciflc  Coast  League. 

L.  Pet.        Club.        W.  L.  Pet. 
?0   .613    Oakland..    86    96  .473 
72   .600     S.Fran'co  84    94   .472 
33   .515    Portland.    78    96   .448 
33  .506    Seattle...    62108  .366 

irdue  eighth.     In  the  east  Yale 
le  best   record.      Following  are 
some  of   the  important   college 

Princeton.      Op.Prin. 
May  21—  Dartmouth  ..3         4 
May  24—  Harvard    ....   5          4 
May  31—  Yale                 0          1 

April  26—  Indiana      ...   0          6 
May     2  —  Chicago      ...  3          7 
May  17—  Chicago      ...  3          4 
May  19  —  Iowa    1          8 

June    7  —  Pennsylvania  1          3 
June  11—  Harvard    ....   8          0 
June  3  4  —  Yale                   5          3 

May  24  —  Iowa    1        11 

May  26—  Purdue     ....   0       10 
May  28  —  Notre    Dame  3          2 
May  31—  Illinois    0          7 
June    3    Ohio           .     .   0          5 

June  21  —  Yale  .    .          6         1 

Pennsylvania.  Op.    Pa, 
April  19—  Holy    Cross.  4          2 
May  11—  Princeton    ..4          2 
May  14—  Haverford     .   2        19 
May  20—  Dartmouth..    4          2 
May  21—  Columbia    ..1          6 
May  27—  Delaware   ...   8         3 
May  30—  Lehigh    7          6 
May  31—  Cornell    0          5 
June    7—  Princeton    ..3          l 
June  14  —  Cornell    6          2 
June  21—  Cornell     5          3 
Cornell.       Op.  Cor. 
April  19—  Lafayette    .  .  3         2 
May     3—  Princeton    ..6          3 
June    6—  Brown   4          l 

June    7—  Illinois     0          4 
Illinois.      Op.     Dl. 
April  12—  St.    Viator..  0       11 
April  19—  Milliken    ...   0          6 
April  26—  Iowa     4          3 
May     2—  Notre    Dame  3          5 
May     3—  Notre    Dame  5         9 
May     7—  Chicago    ....   2          3 
May  10  Iowa                 2         4 

May     3—  Ohio  7          0 

May  10—  Chicago    ....   7          6 
May  13—  Illinois    3          1 
May  24—  Notre  Dame.13          1 
May  26—  Michigan     ..10          0 
May  29—  Chicago    .,..19         5 
June    5—  Illinois    16          2 

Notre  Dame.  Op.  N.  D. 
April  19—  Wisconsin  ..3         4 
April  25—  Indiana    ....   5          6 
April  30—  Mich.  Ags     .   2          1 
May     2—  Illinois     ....   5         3 
May     3—  Illinois    9          5 
May     5—  Wabash    ....  0       13 
May  10—  Indiana    ....   1         2 
May  17  —  Iowa    3         4 

May  13—  Purdue     ....   1          3 
May  16—  Wisconsin     .  4          9 
May  17—  Wisconsin     .  4        11 
May  23—  Wisconsin    ..3          8 
May  24—  Chicago     ...   7          2 
May  30—  Michigan     ..7          0 
June    5  —  Purdue    2        16 
June    7—  Michigan    ...  4          0 
Iowa.      Op.  Iowa. 
April    5—  Coe     2          5 
April  18—  Chicago      ...    5          6 
April  21—  Coe     2          6 

June    7—  Yale    l          3 
June  14—  Pennsylvania  2          6 
June  21—  Pennsylvania  3          5 
Brown.        0p.  Br. 
May     3—  Yale     .             1          o 

May  23—  Iowa    0          8 

May  24—  Purdue    1       13 
May  27—  Mich.  Ags.    .   3        12 
May  28—  Michigan    ..2          3 

Yale.       €p.  Yale. 
April    9—  Springfield   .  0         2 
April  12—  Fordham     .  .   7          8 
April  19—  J.    Hopkins.   5          9 
April  30    Tufts                6          2 

May  14—  Yale     . 

May  24—  Columbia    ..2          3 

Mav    ^1  Pnlhtr                                    A 

April  25—  Purdue      ...    6          7 
April  26—  Illinois    ....   3          4 
May     9—  Illinois    ...  4          2 
May  17—  Notre    Dame  4         3 
May  19—  Michigan     ..8          1 
Day  23—  Notre     Dame  8          0 
May  24—  Michigan   ...11          1 
May  30—  Indiana     3          7 
May  31—  Indiana     ....   3          5 
Chicago.      Op.  Chi. 
April  18—  Iowa    6          5 
April  26—  Wisconsin  ..0          4 
April  30—  Lake    Forest  0        10 
May     2—  Michigan   ...    7          3 
May     7—  Illinois    3          2 
May  10—  Purdue     6          7 
May  17—  Michigan     ..4          3 
May  24  —  Illinois     ....   2          7 
May  29—  Purdue    5        19 
May  31—  Wisconsin    ..3         4 
Ohio.        Op.  Ohio. 
April  19—  W.    Virgnia.   3          2 
May     3—  Purdue    0          7 
May  16—  Indiana  2          1 
May  23—  Indiana    ....   0          2 
June    3—  Michigan     ..5          0 
Indiana.     Op.    Ind. 
April  25  —  Notre    Dame  6          5 
April  26—  Michigan     ..6          0 
May     2—  Wisconsin    ..1          6 
May     5—  Wisconsin    ..4          3 
May  16—  Ohio     1 

June    6—  Cornell    1          4 
June    7—  Syracuse    ...  4       H 
Army.      Op.Army. 
April    5—  Boston    col..   1          3 
April    9—  Manhattan      1         6 
April  12—  Lafayette     .   1 
April  19-Tufts     ....  .12          1 
April  23—  Lehigh     ...   2       12 
April  30—  Union    7        13 
May     3  —  Villa    Nova.   1          2 
May  30—  Holy  Cross..    1        11 
May  31  —  Navy    .           10         6 

May     3—  Brown     2          1 
May  14    Brown        ...   5          1 

May  30—  Fordham    ...  4          3 
May  31—  Princeton    ..1          0 
June    7—  Cornell    2          1 
June  14—  Princeton     ..3          5 
june  is—  Harvard    ....   8        10 
June  21—  Princeton  ...   1          6 

Harvard.    Op.  Ear. 
April    9—  Bowdoin  ...  3         4 
April  12—  Bates  9          7 
April  23—  Colby           ..0          6 

Navy.    Op.  Navy. 
April    9-St.    Mary's..   2         4 
April  12—  Dickinson     .   0        16 
April  19—  Maryland    ..5          2 
April  23—  Fordham     .  .   6          9 
Anril  30—  N.     Carolina  3          5 
May      3—  Va.Mil.Inst.  0          4 
May    14—  Johns  H'pk's  9        33 
May  24—  XJuantico  Mr.  6 
May  31  —  Army    .             6        10 

May     3—  Pennsylv'ia..   6         2 
May  10—  Dartmouth..  9          0 
May  14—  Williams  4        11 
May  19  —  Princeton....  4          3 
May  21—  Amherst  0           5 
May  24—  Princeton....  4          5 
June    7  —  Holy   Cross.  .   2          0 
June  11  —  Princeton....  0         8 
June  14—  Princeton....   3          5 
June  17  —  Yale                   2          1 

Holy  Cross.  Op.  H.  C. 
April  19—  Penn    2          4 
April  22—  Columbia    ..6        12 
April  23—  Princeton   ..2          5 
May  20—  Army     .       ,.1        H 

June  18    Yale                10          8 

Princeton.     Op.Prin. 
April  12—  Swarthmore    0         6 
April  25  —  Holy    Cross     5          2 
Anril  30—  Lafayette         1          5 
May     3—  Cornell    ....     3          6 
May  14—  Fordham     .     7          1 

Mav    IP  —  TTa.rva.rrt               <l            A. 

May  31—  Williams    ...  4         9 
June    6  —  Syracuse     ...   2          4 
June    7—  Harvard     ...   0          2 
Fordham.    Op.Ford. 
April  1°    Yale                 8         7 

May  23—  Ohio     2          0 

April  19—  Lehigh   ....   2          9 
April  23—  Navy   9          6 

ATM-I!  Oft  T<a*V>nl{,n       T7      A.            1R 

May  30  —  Iowa                  7          3 

May  31—  Iowa     5          3 

426 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


May  14—  Princeton 
May  24—  Rutgers    .. 
Mav  30—  Yale    

Op.  Ford. 
.   1          7 
..    1          9 
..3          4 

Dartmouth.    Op.Dart. 
May  10—  Harvard     ...   0          9 
May  20  —  Pennsylvania  2         4 
May  21—  Princeton    ..4          3 

May  24—  Penn    
May  31—  Wesleyan     . 
June    7—  Tufts     

Op.Dart. 
4          6 
8          7 
.  3       12 

LONGEST   GAMES   IN   BIG   LEAGUES 

American  League. 
Twenty-Four  Innings. 
Sept.  1,  1906— Philadelphia.  4;  Boston.  1. 

Twenty  Innings. 
July  4,  1905— Philadelphia.  4;  Boston.  2. 

Nineteen  Innings. 

Sept    27.  1912— Washington,  5:  Philadelphia.  4. 
June  24.  1915— Chicago.  4:   Cleveland.  3. 

Eighteen  Innings. 

June  25.  1903— Chicago.  6:  New  York.  6. 
July  19,  1909— Detroit.  0:  Washington,  0. 
May  15.  1918— Washington.  1:  Chicago.  0. 

Seventeen  Innings. 

Aug    9.   1900— Milwaukee,   3;   Chicago.   2. 
Sept.  21.  1901— Chicago.  1:  Boston.  0. 
May  18,   1902— Chicago.  2:   St.  Louis.  2. 
July  9.  1902— Philadelphia.  4:  Boston.  2. 
Sept    30     1907— Detroit.  9:   Philadelphia,  9. 
May' 13.   1909— Chicago.   1:   Washington.   1. 
May   25.   1912— Chicago.  5:  Detroit.  4. 
May  21.   1915— Chicago.   3;   Boston.  2. 
July  14.   1916— Boston.  5:  Chicago.  4. 
July  10.  1917— New  York.  7;    St.  Louis.  5. 

National  League. 
Twenty-Two  Innings. 
Aug.  22.  1917— Brooklyn.  6:  Pittsburgh.  5. 

Twenty-One  Innings. 

July  17  1914— New  York,  3:  Pittsburgh,  1. 
July  17.  1918— Chicago.  2:  Philadelphia.  1. 
Aug.  1.  1918— Pittsburgh.  2;  Boston.  0. 

Twenty  Innings. 

June  30.  1 892— Chicago.  7:  Cincinnati.  7. 
Aug.  24.  1901— Chicago.  2:  Philadelphia,  1. 
April  30,  1919— Philadelphia,  9:  Brooklyn.  9. 

Nineteen  Innings. 

June  22.  1902— Chicago.  3:  Pittsburgh.  2. 
July  31.  1912— Pittsburgh.  7:  Boston,  6. 
June  17.  1915— Chicago.  4:  Brooklyn.  3. 
June  13.  1918— Philadelphia,  8;  St.  Louis.  8. 

Eighteen  Innings. 

Aug.  17.  1 882— Providence,  1:  Detroit.  0. 
Aug    17.    1902— Brooklyn,   7:   St.  Louis.   7. 
June  24.   1905— Chicago.  2;  St.  Louis.  1. 
June  28.  1916— Pittsburgh.  3:  Chicago.  2. 
June     1.  1919— Philadelphia.  10;  Brooklyn.  9. 

Seventeen  Innings. 

June  26,  1893— Cincinnati.   5:  New  York.  5. 
Aug    11     1904— St.   Louis.   4;  Brooklyn,  3. 
Sept.    18.    1904— Chicago.    2:    Cincinnati.    1. 
June  4.  1908— Chicago.  1:   Boston.   1. 
Au?.    22.    1908— Pittsburgh.    1;    Brooklyn.    0. 
~    it    2     1908— Philadelphia.  3:   Brooklyn.  2. 

1909— New  York.  3:  Boston.  3. 
ay  28.  1913— Chicago.  8:  St.  Louis.  7. 

In  Other  Leagues. 
May    31.    1901— Three-I    league:    Decatur.    2: 

Bloomington,    1,    twenty-six   inning's. 
Sept      10.    1911— Pacific    Coast    league:    Port- 
land, 1;  Sacramento,  1.  twenty- four  innings. 

RECORD  OF   NO-HIT  GAMES. 
1879— "Richmond  (Worcester)  vs.  Cleveland. 
1880— Corcoran    (Chicago)    vs.   Boston. 
Galvin   (Buffalo)  vs.  Worcester. 
1882 — Corcoran    (Chicago)    vs.   Worcester. 
1883— Radbourne    (Providence)    vs.  Cleveland. 

Daly    (Cleveland)   vs.  Philadelphia. 
1884 — Corcoran    (Chicago)    vs.  Providence. 

Galvin    (Buffalo)   vs.  Detroit. 
1885 — Clarkson   (Chicago)    vs.  Providence. 

Ferguson   (Philadelphia)   vs.  Providence. 
1887 — S»wnrd   (FhilpdflnVpn)   vs.   Brooklyn. 

\7-VMner    (Philadelphia)    vs.  Baltimore. 
1891— T,ovett   (Brooklyn)    vs.  N^w  York. 
"Rnsie   (New  York)   vs.  Brooklyn. 
1892— Stivetts    (Boston)    vs.    Brooklyn. 


1893— Hawke   (Baltimore)   vs.  Washington. 
1897 — Young   (Cleveland)  vs.  Cincinnati. 
1898— Hughes    (Baltimore)    vs.  Boston. 

Breitenstein   (Cincinnati)   vs.  Pittsburgh. 

Donahue   (Philadelphia)    vs.  Boston. 
1899— Phillippi    (Louisville)    vs.  Washington. 

Willis    (Boston)   vs.  New  York. 
1900— Hahn  (Cincinnati)   vs.  Philadelphia. 
1901— Mathewson    (New  York)    vs.   St.  Louis. 
1902— Callahan    (Chicago)    vs.  Detroit. 
1903— Fraser    (Philadelphia)    vs.   Chicago. 
1904— Young    (Boston)    vs.  Philadelphia. 

Tannehill   (Boston)    vs.  Chicago. 
1905 — Mathewson    (New  York)    vs.  Chicago. 

Henley  (Philadelphia)  vs.  St.  Louis. 

Smith   (Chicago)   vs.  Detroit. 

Dineen    (Boston)    vs.  Chicago. 
1906— Eason    (Brooklyn)    vs.   St.  Louis. 

Lush    (Philadelphia)    vs.   Brooklyn. 
1907— Pfeffer    (Boston)    vs.  Cincinnati. 

Maddox   (Pittsburgh)    vs.  Brooklyn. 
1908— Young    (Boston)    vs.  New  York. 

Wiltse   (N"w  York)  vs.  Philadelphia. 

Rucker    (Brooklyn)    vs.  Boston. 

Rhoades    (Cleveland)    vs.    Boston. 

Smith    (Chicago)    vs.   Philadelphia. 

Joss    (Cleveland)    vs.  Chicago. 
1910— Joss   (Cleveland)    vs.  Chicago. 

Bender    (Philadelphia)    vs.  Cleveland. 
1911— Wood    (Boston)    vs.  St.  Louis. 

Walsh    (Chicago)    vs.   Boston. 
1912— Mullin    (Detroit)    vs.  St.  Louis. 

Hamilton    (St.  Louis)    vs.  Detroit. 

Tesreau   (New  York)    vs.  Philadelphia. 
1914— Scott    (Chicago)    vs.   Washington. 

Benz    (Chicago)    vs.  Cleveland. 

Davis    (Boston)    vs.    Philadelphia. 
1915 — Marquard    (New  York)   vs.  Brooklyn. 

Lavender    (Chicago)    vs.  New  York. 
1916— Foster    (Boston)    vs.  New  York. 

Hughes    (Boston)    vs.  Pittsr-urgh. 

Leonard    (Boston)    vs.  St.  Louis. 

Bush  (Philadelphia)  vs.  Cleveland. 
1917— Toney    (Cincinnati)    vs.    Chicago. 

Cicotte   (Chicago)    vs.  St.  Louis. 

Koob    (St.  Louis)    vs.   Chicago. 

Leonard    (Boston)    vs.   New   York. 

Groom  (St.  Louis)   vs.  Chicago. 

Ruth   (Boston)  vs.  Washington. 
1918—Leonard    (Boston)    vs.   Detroit. 
1919— Eller    (Cincinnati)    vs.  St.  Louis. 
SALES   OF  BASEBALL  CLUBS. 
The    Boston    National    league    baseball    club 
was  sold  by  James  E.  Gaffney  and  Robert  Da- 
vis  Jan.    8,    1915,    to   Percy  D.   Haughton  and 
Arthur  C.  Wise  for  $500.000. 

The  Chicago  National  league  baseball  club 
(Cubs)  was  sold  by  Chprlrs  P.  Taft  of  Cin- 
cinnati Jan.  5.  1916.  to  Charles  H.  Weephman 
and  partners  of  Chicago  for  $500,000  for  90 
per  cent  of  the  stock. 
The  St.  Louis  American  league  baseball  club 


(Browns)  was  sold  by  Robert 


ue 


Hedge?,  Jan. 


4.   1916.   to  Phil  Ball.  James  W.  Garneau  and 


Otto  Stifel  for 

BASEBALL  THROWING  RECORD. 
The  world's  record  for  the  long  distance 
throwing  of  a  baseball  was  broken  at  Cin- 
cinnati. O..  Oct.  10.  1910.  when  Sheldon  Le- 
j?une  of  the  Evansville  (Ind.)  club.  Central 
league,  threw  the  snhere  426  feet  6%  inches. 
The  old  record,  made  in  Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  Oct. 
15.  1872.  by  John  Hatfield,  was  400  feet  7% 
inches. 

HIGH  PRICES  PAID   FOR  BASEBALL 
PLAYERS. 

1919— Arthur  Nehf.    New  York $40.000 

1915— E.    Collins.    Chicago 50.000 

1914— Evers.   Boston    25.000 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


427 


1913— Chappell.  White  Sox 18.000 

1911— Marty  O'Toole.   Pittsburgh 22.500 

1910— "Lefty"  Russell.  Athletics 12.000 

1910— Fred  Hunter.  Pittsburgh 10.000 

1910— "Lena"  Blackburne,  White  Sox.    10.000 

1908— Rube  Marquard.  New  York 11,000 

1906— Spike  Shannon.  New  York 10.000 

lggg_Clarkson  and  Kelly.  Boston 20,000 

CONSECUTIVE  HIT   RECORD. 

Joe  Wilhoit.  outfielder  of  the  Wichita.  (Kas.) 
Western  Leagrue  team  in  1919  hit  safely  in 
sixty-nine  consecutive  games.  Jack  Ness,  first 
baseman  of  the  Oakland  (Cal.)  team  in  1015 
hit  safely  in  forty-nine  consecutive  games.  The 
former  record  was  held  by  Ty  Cobb,  who  hit 
safely  in  forty  consecutive  games. 

RECORD  FOR  CONSECUTIVE  VICTORIES. 

The  mark  of  twenty  consecutive  victories  set 
by  the  Providence  club  of  the  National 
league  in  1884  was  beaten  by  the  New  York 
National  league  team  in  1916,  when  it  scored 
twenty-six  straight  victories. 

HOME  RUN  RECORD. 

George  (Babe)  Ruth,  pitcher  in  the  Boston 
American  league  baseball  team,  set  a  new  rec- 
ord in  home  run  hits  in  the  course  of  the  sea- 
son of  1919.  He  registered  thirty,  or  three 


more  than  were  made  by  Ed  Williamson  of 
the  Chicago  National  league  team  in  1884  and 
five  more  than  were  made  by  John  (Buck) 
Freeman  in  1899  while  a  member  of  the  old 
Washington  (D.  C.)  National  league  team.  The 
record  now  stands: 

1919— Babe  Ruth.  Boston  Americans 30 

1884— Ed  Williamson.   Chicago   Nationals.... 27 

1899— Buck  Freeman,  Washington  Nationals. 25 

Consecutive  Home  Huns. 

Babe  Ruth  in  six  successive  times  at  bat. 
four  in  an  exhibition  game  with  the  Baltimore 
Internationals  on  April  18  and  two  with  the 
same  club  on  the  following  day  at  Baltimore 
Md..  scored  home  runs,  breaking1  the  world's 
record. 

PLAYS  IN  533  CONSECUTIVE  GAMES 

Fred  Luderus.  first  baseman  of  the  Philadel- 
phia National  league  team  had  up  to  the  end 
of  the  1919  season  played  in  533  consecutive 
games  of  baseball.  The  former  record  of  478 
games,  held  by  Eddie  Collins  of  the  Chicago 
White  Sox  in  1914  to  1918  inclusive,  was 
passed  by  Luderus  on  Aug.  3  when  Luderus 
played  his  479th  straight  game  and  received 
the  congratulations  of  John  Heydler.  president 
of  the  National  league,  on  his  record. 


GOLF. 


NATIONAL  OPEN  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
Walter  C.  Hagen.  professional,  of  the  Oak- 
land Hills  club.  Detroit,  Mich...  won  the  open 
soli  championship  of  the  United  States  in  the 
annual  tournament  at  the  Brae  Burn  Coun- 
try club,  at  West  Newton.  Mass..  June  10-12. 
1919.  In  the  regular  seventy-two  holes  of 
the  play  he  tied  with  Michael  J.  Brady  of  the 
Oakley  Country  club,  Waverly,  Mass..  each 
having  301.  In  the  play-off.  Hagen  won  by 
77  to  78.  Charles  Evans.  Jr..  of  the  Edge- 
water  club.  Chicago,  led  the  amateurs  with  a 
score  of  313.  Winners  of  the  event  to  date: 

1894—  Willie    Dnnn    (New    York).    St.    Andrew's 
links,   won   bv  2   up. 

1895—  H.    Rawlins   (Newport),   Newport  links,   173. 

1896—  James    Foulis    (Chicago),    Shinnecock    Hills, 

1897—  Joe  Floyd  (Essex),  Wheaton  links,  162. 

1898—  Fred     Herd     (Washington     Park).     Myopia 
links.    328. 

1899—  W.    Smith    (Midlothian),    Baltimore    links, 
315. 

1900—  H.     Vardon    (Ganton,     England),     Wheaton 
links.    313. 

1901—  Willie  Anderson  (Pittsfield,   Mass.),   Myopia 

1902—  Lawrence  Auchterlonie  (Glen  View).  Garden 
City    links.    307. 

1903—  Willie      Anderson      (Apawamis),      Baltusrol 

1904—  Willie"  Anderson    (Apawamis),    Glen   View, 
1905^-Willie  Anderson  (Apawamis),  Myopia  linkf, 

1906—  Alexander  Smith  (Nassau),  ©nwentsia  links. 

1907—  Alec  Ross  (Brae  Burn).  Philadelphia  Cricket 

1908—  Fred  '  McLeod    (Midlothian),    Myopia    Hunt 
club    322. 

1909—  Georee    Sargent   (Hyde    Manor).    Englewood 

1910-f-Alexander    Smith    (Wykagyl).    Philadelphia 
1911—  J.   J.    McDermott  (Atlantic   City).    Chicago 

19?2^J.ClJ.  'McDermott    (Atlantic    City),    Buffalo 

Country  club.   294. 
1913—  Francis  Ouimet  (Woodland).  Brookline  Ooun- 

1914^WaUe?°C.   Hagen  (Rochester,  N.  Y.).  Mid- 


,  N.  J.),  Bal- 

tusrol  Country  club,   297. 

1916—  Charles  Evnns,  Jr.   (Edgewater),   Mimkahda, 
Minneapolis.  Minn.,  286. 


1918— Tournament  omitted  on  account  of  war. 
1919— Walter    C.    Hagen     (Oakland    Hills),    Brae 

Burn  Country  club,  West  Newton,   Mass.,  301. 
WESTERN  OPEN  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

Winners  of  western  open  golf  championship  to 

1899— Will   Smith   (Midlothian).    Glen   View. 

1900— No  championship  meet  held. 

1901— Lawrence  Auchterlonie  (Glen  View),  Mid- 
lothian, 160. 

1902— Willie   Anderson    (Pittsfield),    Euclid    299 

1903— Alexander  Smith  (Nassau),  Milwaukee.  318 
(72  holes). 

1904— Willie  Anderson  (Apawamis),  Kent  Country 
(Grand  Rapids,  Mich.),  304. 

1905— Arthur  Smith  (Columbus.O.),  Cincinnati,  278. 

1907— Robert  Simpson  (Omaha),  Hinsdale,  111.,  307. 

1908 — Willie  Anderson  (Onwentsia),  St.  Louis,  299 

1909— Willie  Anderson   (St.  Louis),  Chicago,  288. 

1910— Charles  Evans,  Jr.  (Edgewater),  Chicago, 
151  (36  holes). 

1911 — Robert  Simpson  (Kenosha),  Grand  Rapids, 
146  (36  holes). 

1912— MacDonald  Smith  (Del  Monte,  Cal.),  Idle- 
wild,  Chicago,  299. 

1913— John  J.  McDermott  (Atlantic  City),  Mem- 
phis, 295. 

1914— James  M.  Barnes  (Philadelphia),  Intef- 
lachen,  Minneapolis,  293. 

1915 — Thomas  L.  McNamara  (Boston),  Glen  Oak, 
Chicago.  304. 

1916— Walter  Hagen  (Rochester,  N.  Y.),  Blue 
Mound,  Milwaukee.  287. 

1917— James  M.  Barnes  (Philadelphia),  West- 
moreland, Chicago,  283. 

1918 — No  tournament  on  account  of  war. 

1919— James  M.  Barnes  (St.  Louis).  Mayfield, 
Cleveland,  O.,  283. 

AMERICAN  AMATEUR   CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  annual  tournament  to  decide  the  amateur 
golf  championship  of  America  took  place  on 
the  links  of  the  Oakmont  Country  club  at 
Pittsburgh.  Pa.,  Aug.  16-25.  1919.  The  title 
was  won  by  Davidson  Herron  of  Pittsburgh, 
who  defeated  Bobby  Jones  of  Atlanta,  Ga.. 
5  and  4,  in  the  final  round.  Record  of  events 
to  date: 

1894— At  Newport.  R.  I.— W.  G.  Lawrence.  New- 
port, medal  play,  188. 
1895— At    Newport    Golf    clnb— 0.    B.    Macdonald. 

Chicago   Golf   club.    won. 
1896— At  Shinnecock  Hills  Golf  club— H.  J.  Whiff- 


428 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


ham.  Onwentsia,^  won.  Low  score  in  qualify- 
ing round.  H.  J  Whigham.  163. 

1897— At  Chicago  Golf  club— H.  J.  Whigham.  On- 
wentsia.  won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round. 
H.  J.  Whigham.  177. 

1898—  At  Morris  County.  N.  J.— F.  S.  Douglas. 
Fairfield.  won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round. 
J.  H.  Choate.  Jr..  Stockbridge.  175. 

1899— At  Onwentsia— H.  M.  Harriman,  Meadow- 
brook,  won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round. 
C.  B.  Macdonald.  Chicago.  168. 

1900— At  Garden  City— W.  J.  Travis.  Garden  City, 
•won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round.  W.  J. 
Travis.  166. 

1901— At  Atlantic  City— W.  J.  Travis  won.  Low 
score  in  qualifying  round.  W.  J.  Travis.  157. 

1902— At  Glen  View.  111.— L.  N.  James.  Glen 
View,  won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round, 
G.  A.  Ormiston.  Pittsburgh,  and  W.  J.  Travis 
tied  at  79.  the  latter  winning  the  playoff. 

1903— At  Nassau.  L.  I.— W.  J.  Travis.  Garden 
City.  won.  All  match  play. 

1904— At  Short  Hills.  N.  J.— H.  Chandler  Egan. 
Exmoor  Country  club.  won.  Low  score  in 
qualifying  round.  H.  C.  Egan.  242  for  54  holes. 

1905— At  Wheaton.  111. — H.  Chandler  Egan.  Ex- 
moor,  won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round. 
Dr.  D.  P.  Fredericks.  155  for  36  holes. 

1906— At  Englewood.  N.  J.— Eben  M.  Byers  of 
Pittsburgh  won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round, 
W.  J.  Travis.  152  for  36  holes. 

1907— At  Cleveland.  O.— Jerome  D.  Travers  of 
Montclair,  N.  J.,  won.  Low  score  in  qualify- 
ing round.  W.  J.  Travis.  146  for  36  holes. 

1908— At  Garden  City.  N.  Y.— Jerome  D.  Travers 
of  Montclair.  N.  J.,  won.  Low  score  in  qual- 
ifying round.  Walter  J.  Travis.  153  for  36  holes. 

1909— At  Chicago  Golf  club— Robert  A.  Gardner. 
Hinsdale.  won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round. 
Charles  Evans.  Jr..  Thomas  M.  Sherman  and 
Robert  A.  Gardner  tied  with  151  for  36  holes. 
Evans  won  the  playoff. 

1910— At  Brookline.  Mass.— W.  C.  Fownes.  Pitts- 
burgh, won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round. 
Fred  Herreshoff.  Ekwanok.  152  for  36  holes. 

1911— At  Rye.  N.  Y.— Harold  H.  Hilton.  England, 
won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round.  Harold 
H.  Hilton.  150  for  36  holes. 

1912 — At  Chicago  Golf  club — Jerome  D.  Travers 
of  Montclair,  N.  J..  won.  Low  score  In  qual- 
ifying round.  Harold  Hilton  and  Charles  Evans. 
Jr.,  152;  in  playoff,  eighteen  holes,  Evans  won, 
72  to  75. 

1913— At  Garden  City.  N.  Y.— Jerome  D.  Travers 
of  Montclair,  N.  J..  won.  Low  score  in  qual- 
ifying round.  Charles  Evans.  Jr..  148  for  36 
«  holes. 

1914— At  Manchester.  Vt.— Francis  Ouimet  of  Bos- 
ton won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round.  Rae 
G.  Gorton  and  W.  C.  Fownes.  144  for  36  holes. 

191S— At  Detroit,  Mich.— Robert  A.  Gardner  of 
Chicago  won.  Low  score  in  qualifying  round, 
Dudley  Mudge  of  St.  Paul,  152  for  36  holos. 

1916— At  Merion  Cricket  club,  Philadelphia,  Pa.— 
Charles  Evans,  Jr.,  Chicago,  won.  Low  score 
In  qualifying  round.  W.  C.  Fownes,  Jr.,  of 
Pittsburgh.  153  for  36  holes. 

1917— No  contest  on  account  of  war. 

1918 — No  contest  on  account  of  war. 

1919— At  Oakmont  Country  club,  Pittsburgh- 
Davidson  Herron  of  Pittsburgh  won.  Low 
score  in  qualifying  round.  J.  S.  Manion,  St. 
Louis,  D.  Herron,  Pittsburgh  and  P.  Tewkes- 
bury,  Aronimink,  tied  with  158. 

WESTERN  AMATEUR  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
The  annual  western  g-olf  championship  tour- 
nament  was  held   on  the   links   of  the   Sunset 
Hill  club  at  St.  Louis.  Mo..  June  16-21.  1919. 
and  was  won  by  Harry  G.  Leg-gr  of  the  Mini- 
kahda     (Minneapolis)     club.     In    the    deciding- 
round  he  defeated  Richard  E.   Bockenkamp  of 
the  Forest  Park  club,  St.  Louis,  2  up.  Cham- 
pionship record  to  date: 
18S9— David  R.  Forgan   (Onwentsia).  Glen  View, 

1900— William  Waller  (OnwentBla),  Lake  Forest. 
1  up. 


Evans,  Jr.  (Edgewater),  Flossmoor 


1901—  Phelps  B.    Hoyt    (Glen   View),    Midlothian, 
6  up. 

1902—  H.   C.   Egan    (Exmoor),   Wheaton,   1  up. 

1903—  Walter  E.   Egan   (Exmoor),   Cleveland,  1  up. 

1904—  H.    C.    Egan    (Exinoor),    Highland   Park,    6 
up,    5    to    play. 

1905—  H.  C.  Egan  (Exmoor),  Glen  View.  3  up,  2 
to  play. 

1906—  D.  E.  Sawyer  (Wheaton).  Glen  Echo,  5  up, 
4  to  play. 

1907—  H.  C.  Egan  (Exmoor),  Wheaton,  5  up,  4  to 
play. 

1908—  Mason  Phelps  (Midlothian),  Rock  Island,  6 
up,   6   to  play. 

1909—  Charles  Ev 

1910-^Mason    Phelps    (Midlothian),    Minikahda.    2 
up,   1  to  play. 

1911—  Albert  Seckel   (Riverside),  Detroit,  8  up,  7 
to  play. 

1912—  Charles  Evans,  Jr.   (Edgewater),  Denver,  1 

1913  —  Warren  K.  Wood   (Homewood),  Homewood, 
4  up,   3  to  play. 

1914—  Charles    Evans,     Jr.     (Edgewater),    Grand 
Rapids,  11  up,  9  to  play. 

1915—  Charles  Evans,  Jr.   (Edgewater),  Cleveland, 
O.,  7  up,  5  to  play. 

1916—  Heinrich     Schmidt      (Claremont,     Oakland, 
Cal.),  Del  Monte,  Cal..  7  up.  6  to  play. 

1917—  Francis  Ouimet    (Woodland),   Midlothian,   1 

1918—  No  contest  on  account  of  war. 

1919—  Harry   G.    Legg    (Minikahda),    Sunset   Hill, 
St.  Louis,  2  up. 

WOMEN'S  NATIONAL  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

Miss  Alexa  Stirling1  of  Atlanta.  Ga..  was  the 
winner  of  the  1919  contest  for  the  title  of 
woman  grolf  champion  of  America.  The  an- 
nual tournament  after  an  intermission  of  two 
years  on  account  of  the  war  was  held  on  the 
links  of  the  Shawnee  Country  club,  at  Shaw- 
nee-on-the-Delaware.  Pa.,  Sept.  29-Oct.  4.  Miss 
Stirling's  opponent  in  the  final  was  Mrs.  Wil- 
liam Gavin  of  New  York.  N.  Y..  whom  she 
defeated  6  and  5.  Championship  record  to 
date: 
1895—  Beatrix  Hoyt.  on  Meadowbrook  Country 

club  links. 
1S96—  Beatrix   Hoyt,    Morris   Country  club,    2   up. 

1  to  nlay. 

1897—  Beatrix   Hoyt,    Essex   Country   club,    5   up, 
4  to  play. 

1898—  Beatrix  Hoyt.  Ardsley  club.  5  up.  3  to  play. 

1899—  Ruth  Unuerliill.    Philadelphia  Country  club, 

2  UP.    1   to   play. 

1900—  Frances    Griscom,    Shinnecock    Hills,    6   up, 
4   to  olay. 

1S01—  Genevieve    Hecker.    Baltusrol   Golf    club.    S 
up,  3  to  play. 

1902—  Genevieve    Hecker.    Brookline.    4    up     3    to 
Play. 

1903—  Bessie  Anthony,  Chicago  Golf  club,  7  up,  € 
to  play. 

1904—  Georgeanna    Bishop,    Philadelphia,    5   up,   3 
to  play. 

1905—  Pauline  Mackay.  Oakley  Country  club.  1  up. 

1906—  Harriet  S.  Curtis,  Brae  Burn  Country  club, 
2  up,  1  to  play. 

1907—  Margaret    Curtis.    Midlothian.    7    up.    €    to 
olay. 

1908—  Catherine  O.   Harley,   Fall   River,   6  up,  6 
to  play. 

1909—  Dorothy    Campbell    (North    Berwick.    Scot- 
land).  Merion  Cricket  club.   3  up.   1  to  play. 

1910—  Dorothy  Campbell  (Hamilton.   Ont.).   Home- 
wood   Country   club.   2  up.   1   to  play. 

1911  —  Margaret    Curtis    (Boston).    Baltusrol    Golf 
club.   5  UD.   3  to  play. 

1912—  Margaret    Curtis    (Boston),    Essex    Country 
club,  S  up,  2  to  play. 

1913—  Gladys  Ravenscroft  (Bromborough  dob.  Eng- 
land).   Wilmington   (Del.)   Country   club,    2   up. 

1914—  Mrs.    H.    Arnold    Jackson.    Nassau   Country 
club.   1  un. 

1915—  Mre.   C.  H.  Vanderbeck  (Philadelphia).  On- 
wentsia  club.  3  up,  2  to  play. 


ALMANAC   AND  TIZAIl-EOOK  FOR   10r!0. 


1916— Miss  Alexa  Stirling  (Atlanta,  Ga.),  Belmont 

Springs  Country   club,   2  tip,   1  to  play. 
1917-1918 — No  contest  on  account  of  wnr. 
1919— Miss   Alexa   Stirling   (Atlanta,   Ga.),   Shaw- 
nee  Country  club,  6  up,  5  to  play. 

WOMEN'S  WESTERN  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
Mrs.   Perry  Fisk    of  De  KMb.    111.,    won  the 
nineteenth   annual  championship   of  the  Wom- 
en's Western  Golf  association  on  the  links  of 
the    Detroit    Country    club    at    Detroit,    Mich., 
Aug.    25-30.    1919.    by    defeating-    Mrs.    F.    C. 
Letts.   Jr..   of  Indian  Hill  3   and   2.     Winners 
of  event: 
1901— Miss  Bessie  Anthony  (Glen  View).  Onwent- 

sia,   3  up.   1   to  play. 
1302— Miss  Bessie  Anthony  (Glen  View),  Onwent- 

sia,    1   up. 
1903— Miss  Bessie  Anthony  (Glen  View),  Exmoor, 

3   up,    2   to   play. 
1904— Miss  Frances  Everett  (Exmoor),  Glen  View, 

1905— Mrs.  Charles  L.  Bering  (Midlothian),  Home- 

woofl.  4  up.  2  to  play. 
1306— Mrs.    Charles    L.    Dering    (Midlothian),    Ex- 

IWl— Ni'iss  Lillian  French   (Windsor),   Midlothian. 

1908-^-Mrs.  W.  Frances  Anderson  (Hinsdale),  St. 
Louis  Country  club,  3  up,  2  to  play. 

1909— Miss  Vida  Llewellyn  (LaGrange),  Home- 
wood,  6  up,  5  to  play. 

1910— Mrs.  Tlmrston  Harris  (Westward  Ho),  Sko- 

1911— Miss  Caroline  Painter   (Midlothian),   Midlo- 
thian.  3  up.    2  to  play. 
1912— Miss  Caroline  Painter    (Midlothian),   Hins- 

19lSilissUMyra  Helmer   (Midlothian),  Memphis, 

1914-^Mrs.  Harry  'D.  Hammond  (Highland,  In- 
dianapolis). Hinsdale.  5  up,  3  to  play. 

1915-Miss  Elaine  Rosenthal  (Ravisloe),  Midlo- 
thian, 4  up.  3  to  play. 

1916-Mrs.  Frank  C.  Letts  (Cincinnati)  Kent 
Country  club,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  4  up, 

1917— Mrs^'Frank    C.    Letts    (Indian    Hill,    Chi- 
cago), Flossmoor,  5  up,  4  to  play. 
1918— Miss  Elair.e  Rosenthal   (Ravisloe,  Chicago). 

1919-Mrl t Perry 'Fiek.   De  Kalb,  111.,   3~up-and 

2  to  play. 

PROFESSIONAL  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

James  Barnes  of  the  Sunset  Hill  Country  club 
of  St  Louis.  Mo.,  won  the  championship  of 
the  Professional  Golfers'  association  on  the 
links  of  the  Engineers'  Country  club  at  Roslyn. 
NY  Sept.  20,  1919.  by  defeating:  Fred  Mc- 
Leod  in  the  final  round  6  up  and  5  to  play. 
NORTH  AND  SOUTH  CHAMPIONSHIPS 
James  M.  Barnes  of  the  Sunset  Hill  club 
of  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  won  the  North  and  South 
professional  championship  at  Pinehurst,  N  C.. 
March  29.  leading-  the  field  by  a  margin  of  two 
etrokes  and  finishing  with  a  total  of  298  for 
the  72  holes.  Michael  J.  Brady  of  the  Oakley- 
Country  club,  Boston,  Mass..  was  second  with 
a  total  of  300. 

Edward  C.  Beall  of  Uniontown,  Pa.,  won  the 
North  and  South  amateur  golf  championship 
at  Pinehurst.  N.  C..  April  5  by  defeating  F.  C. 
Newton  of  Brookline  4  and  3  in  a  thirty-six 
hole  match. 
ILLINOIS  PROFESSIONAL  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  title  of  professional  golf  champion  of 
Illinois  was  contested  for  on  the  links  of  the 
Flossmoor  Country  club  near  Chicago  for  the 
first  time  Oct.  1  and  2.  1919.  The  winner 
was  Jock  Hutchinson  of  the  Glen  View  club 
with  a  score  of  303  for  72  holes.  Bob  Mc- 
Donald of  Evanston  and  Eddie  Loos  of  Beverly 
tied  for  second  and  third  money  with  305. 
while  Lloyd  Gullickson.  Lake  Shore,  and  Will 
Hunter.  Onwentsia,  each  had  30L4.  dividing- 
fourth  money. 


CANADIAN  OPEN  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  Canadian  open  golf  championship  was 
won  at  Hamilton.  Ont..  July  29-30,  1919.  by 
Douglas  Edgar  of  the  Druid  Hills  Golf  club  of 
Atlanta.  Ga.,  with  a  score  of  278  on  the 
course  of  the  Hamilton  Golf  and  Country 
club.  This  score  for  73  holes  competitive 
play  constitutes  a  world's  record.  Edgar  is 
a  professional  golf  player. 

OLYMPIC  CUP. 

The  annual  competition  for  the  Olympic  cup 
took  place  on  the  links  of  the  Sunset  Hill 
club  at  St.  Louis.  Mo..  June  15,  1919.  and 
resulted  in  a  victory  for  the  St.  Louis  Golf 
nssociation  with  a  score  of  321  for  eighteen 
holes.  The  Chicago  District  Golf  association 
team  was  second  with  323.  Winners  of  event 
to  date: 

1904— At   St.    Louis.    Western    G.    A..    1749. 
1905— At  Chicago,  Western  Pa.  A.,  655. 
1906— At  St.   Louis,   Western  G.   A.,   635. 
1907— At  Cleveland,  Metropolitan  G.  A.,  64L. 
1908— At  Rock  Island,  Western  G.  A.,   6C2. 
1909— At  Chicago,   Western  G.  A..   623. 
1910— At  Minneapolis,   Western  G.   A.,   615. 
1911— At  Detroit,   Western  G.   A..   60G. 
1912— At  Chicago,   Western  G.  A.,   622. 
1913— At  Chicago,  Western  G.  A.,  628. 
1914— At  Grand  Rapida,  Chicago  Dist.  G.  A.,  628L 
1915— At  Cleveland,   Chicago  Dist.   G.   A..   65L 
1916— At  Del  Monte.   California  G.   A.,   588. 
1917— At  Chicago,  Western  G.  A.,  655. 
1918— No  contest. 
1919— At    St.   Louis.    St.   Louis    G.   A..    321    (1* 

holes). 
COOK  COUNTY  OPEN  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

Thomas  Thompson  of  the  Garfield  Golf  club 
won  the  Cook  county  open  golf  championship 
rt  Garfield  park  July  18,  1919.  by  defeating- 
Rockton  A.  Bowker  of  the  Belmont  club  1  up 
in  the  thirty-six  hole  final. 

CHICAGO  WOMEN'S  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Klotz.  a  17  year  old  player 
from  Indian  Hill,  won  the  Chicago  Women'* 
championship  of  the  Western  Golf  association 
Aug.  1.  1919.  by  defeating-  Mrs.  H.  Arnold 
Jackson  of  Onwentsia,  1  up  at  the  Skokie 
Country  club. 

BRITISH   AMATEUR  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
Year.    Winner.  Runner  up. 

1886— H.  Hutchinson Henry  Lamb 7  and  9 

1887— H.  Hutchlusoii John  Ball.  Jr 1  hole 

1888— J.  Ball,  Jr J.  E.   Laidlay 5  and  4 

1889— J.  E.  Laidlay L.   W.   Balfour....2  and  1 

1890— J.  Ball,  Jr J.  E.  Laidlay 4  and  3 

1891— J.  E.  Laidlay H.  H.  Hilton 1  hole 

1892-J.  Ball,  Jr H.   H.   Hilton 3  and  1 

1893— Peter  Anderson J.   E.   Laidlay 1  hole 

1894-J.  Ball,  Jr S.   M.   Ferguson....!  hole 

1S95— L.  B.  Melville J.  Ball,  Jr *1  hole 

1896— F.  G.  Tait H.   H.   Hilton 8  and  7 

1897— A.  J.  T.  Allan J.   Robb 4  and  2 

1898— F.  G.  Tait S.  M.   Ferguson... 7  and  5 

1899— J.  Ball,  Jr F.   G.   Tait *1  hole 

1900— H.  H.  Hilton J.   Robb 8  and  T 

1901— H.  H.  Hilton J.  L.   Low 1  hole 

1902— C.  Hutchings S.    H.   Fry; 1  up 

1903— R.  Maxwell H.   Hutchinson.... 6  and  5 

1904— W.  J.  Travis E.    Blackwell 4  and  3 

1905— A.  G.  Barry Hon.    O.    Scott 3  and  2 

1906— James  Robb C.   C.   Lengen 4  and  3 

1907— J.  Ball,  Jr A.   Palmer 6  and  4 

1908 — E.  A.  Lasson H.   F.  Taylor 7  and  6 

1909— R.  Maxwell O.  K.  Hutchinson. .1  hole 

1910— John  Ball C.    Aylmer 10  and  9 

1911— H.  H.  Hilton F.    A.    Lasaen 4  and  8 

1912— John  Ball H.    A.    Mitchell..  ..1  hole 

1913— H.  H.  Hilton R.    Harris 6  and  5 

1914— J.   L.   C.   Jenkins.  ..C.    L.    Hezlet 3  and  » 

No  contest  since  1914. 

*After  a  tie. 

BRITISH    OPEN   CHAMPIONSHIP. 
1890— John  Ball.  Jr.,*  (R.   L.   G.   C.),   Prestwlck. 

164. 


430 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOE   1920. 


1891—  H.  Kirkcaldy  (St.  Andrew's),  St.  Andrew's, 
166 

1892—  H.  H.  Hilton*  (R.  L.  G.  C.).  Muirfleld,  t305. 

1893—  W.  Auchterlonie  (St.  Andrew's).  Prestwick. 

1894_lj.   H.  Taylor  (Winchester),   Sandwich,  325. 
1895—  J.    H.    Taylor   (Winchester).    St.    Andrew's. 

18fj6^-H.  Vardon  (Scarborough),  Muirfleld.  316. 

1W7-H.  H.  Hilton*  (R.  L.  G.  C.).   Muirfleld,  305. 

1898—  H  Vardon   (Scarborough),    Prestwick,   307. 

1899—  H.  Vardon    (Ganton),   Sandwich,   310. 

1900—  J    H.  Taylor  (Richmond),   St.  Andrew's,  309. 

1901—  James  Braid  (Romford).   Muirfield,  309. 

1902—  Alex    Herd  (Huddersfield),  Hoylake,  307. 

1903—  Alex.  Herd  (Huddersfield). 

1104—  J.  White  (Sunningdale),  Sandwich.  29€. 

1905—  Jas.  Braid    (Walton  Heath),  St.  Andrew  s.  318. 

1906—  James   Braid    (Walton   Heath),  Muirfleld,  300. 

1907—  Arnaud  Massey  (France),   Hoylake,  317. 

1908—  James  Braid  (Walton  Heath).  Prestwick.  291. 

1909—  J.  H.   Taylor  (Mid-Surrey),  Sandwich,  295. 

(.         1910—  James  Braid  (Walton  Heath),  St.  Andrew's, 

1911—  H.  Vardon   (South  Herts).  Sandwich,  303. 

1912—  Edw.  Ray   (Ganton).   Mnirfield,   294. 
1»13—  J.  H.  Taylor  (Mid-Surrey),  Hoylake,  304. 
1914—  H.   Vardon  (South  Herts).   Prestwick.  306. 
No  contest  sine*  1914. 

•Amateur.    fChanged  to  72  holes. 
MISCELLANEOUS  TOURNAMENTS  (1919). 

Among  the  winners  in  state  and  other  tour- 
naments in  1919  were  the  following: 
Indiana—  Burr  S.  Swezey. 
Iowa—  Robert  McKee. 
Massachusetts—  Francis  Ouimet. 
Michigan   (Amateur)—  Louis  Breden. 
Michigan   (Open)—  Leo  Diegel. 
Minnesota  (Women)—  Mrs.  Bergmann  Richards. 
Missouri—  James  C.  Ward. 
Nebraska—  Sam  W.  Reynolds. 
New  Jersey—  Maxwell  Marston. 
Wisconsin—  Ned  Allis. 
Chicago  (Men)—  George  Hartman. 
Cook  County—  George  West. 
Eastern    (Women)—  Mrs.  Ronald  H.   Barlow. 
Florida  East  Coast—  Mike  Brady. 
Interallied  (Paris)—  Arnaud  Massey. 
Intercollegiate—  Princeton. 
Metropolitan   (Amateur)—  Oswald  Kirby. 
Metropolitan  (Open)—  Walter  Ha  gen. 
Metropolitan    (Women)—  Miss   Marion   Hollins. 
Southern   (Men)—  Nelson  Whitney. 
Southern    (Open)—  James   Barnes. 
Southern    (  Women  )-Miw   Alexa    Stirling. 
Trans-Mississippi—Nelson  Whitney. 

CHICA-GO  DISTRICT  GOLF  CLUBS. 

In   the   following   list    of   golf    clubs   in   the 
Chicago   district    the    names    of    the    president 
and   secretaries   are  given  in   order: 
Bevprlv"  C     C  —  G     J.    L.    Janes;    secretary.    S. 

Shollenberger.  102  South  Market  street. 
Bob  o*  Link  Club—  Walter  W.  Ross:  secretary. 

G   F    Goodnow.  108  South  La  Salle  street. 
Calumet  C.  C.—  William  Hough:  secretary.  F.  E. 

Bell.  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  railroad, 

547  West  Jackson  boulevard. 
Chicago  G.   C.—  Frank   O.   Wetmore:    secretary, 

A?  Dyrenforth.   914  Marquette  building 
Exmoor    C.    C.—  Percy    B.    Eckhart:    secretary. 

James  L.  Martin.  715  the  Rookery. 
EdleVater  G.  C.-Walter  W.  Gillette;  secretary. 

Walter    G.   Young.    4606    Broadway. 
Flossmoor  C.  C.—  W.  H.   Rock  wood:   secretary, 

F.   L.   Horton.   care   of   Swift    &   Co..   Union 


en.'  C.-J.  S.  Wayman;   secretary.   R. 
E.  Doonan.  122  North  State  street. 
Glen  View  G.  C.-XJeorge  F.  Henneberry;  secre- 
tary.   J.  H.  Fall  Jr..    806   West  Washington 

HiSle    G.    C.-A.    O.   Keuhmsted:    secretary. 

E    T    Snohr.   20  South  Dearborn  street 
Idlewild    C.    C.-H.    M.    Goldsmith:    secretary. 

M.  Rothschild.   712  Federal  street. 


Imdian  Hill  Club— John  Stuart;  secretary,  J.  C. 
Harding,  209  West  Jackson  boulevard. 

'Lake  Shore  C.  C. — Moise  Dreyfus;  secretary, 
H.  Sonnenschein.  30  North  La  Salle  street. 

La  Grange  C.  C. — Edward  Barrett:  secretary. 
W.  E.  Godso.  1521  Harris  Trust  building. 

Lincoln  Park  G.  C.— Robert  K.  Preston;  secre- 
tary. B.  F.  Pilgrim.  1522  Belle  Plaine  avenue. 

Midlothian  C.  C.— Frank  B.  Stone:  secretary. 
John  H.  Merrell.  1838  Peoples  Gas  building. 

Northmoor  C.  C. — Nathan  Klee;  secretary,  Allan 
I.  Wolff. 

North  Shore  G.  C. — Arthur  J.  Taylor;  secre- 
tary. R.  S.  Baker.  Wilmette.  111. 

Oak  Park  C.  C.— E.  P.  Waud;  secretary.  F.  O. 
Southbrook.  Oak  Park.  111. 

Olympia  Fields  C.  C.— A.  Alonzo  Stagg;  secre- 
tary. J.  C.  Carter.  1646  Monadnock  build- 
ing. 

Onwentsia  Club— Wallace  C.  Winter;  secretary, 
C.  T.  Atkinson,  stock  exchange,  Rookery 
building. 

Old  Elm  Club— Edward  F.  Carry;  secretary. 
Charles  W.  Folds.  208  South  LaSalle  street. 

Park  Ridge  C.  C.— Walter  J.  Raymer;  secretary. 
Arthur  W.  Kimbell.  1623  Chase  avenue. 

Ridgemoor  C.  C.— August  Semvard;  secretary. 
J.  C.  Kirchner.  117  North  Wells  street. 

Ravisloe  C.  C.— Clarence  Lowenstein:  secretary. 
F.  H.  Greenebaum,  9  South  LaSalle  street 

Ridge  C.  C.— Arthur  D.  White;  secretary.  A. 
J.  Buffington.  Swift  &  Co..  U.  S.  yards. 

Riverside  G.  C.— Henry  B.  Babson;  secretary. 
A.  D.  Dorman.  129  South  Jefferson  street. 

Skokie  C.  C. — Louis  Mowry;  secretary,  E.  R. 
Johnson.  11  South  LaSalle  street. 

South  Shore  C.  C. — Everett  C.  Brown;  secre- 
tary. C.  C.  Fitzmonis.  5533  Hyde  Park  boule- 
vard. 

Westward  Ho  C.  C.— George  H.  Mason;  secre- 
tary. J.  L.  Davidson.  112  West  Adams  street. 

Westmoreland  C.  C.— George  W.  Springer:  sec- 
retary, J.  Medloc,  1310  Corn  Exchange  bldg. 

Windsor  G.  C.— W.  C.  Hill:  secretary.  A.  Dyren- 
forth. 914  Marquette  building. 

PUBLIC  GOLF  COURSES  IN 
CHICAGO  PARKS. 

Jackson  Park — Two  separate  courses.  18  holes 
and  9  holes.  Courses  are  situated  in  park 
just  off  East  63d  street  and  Stony  Island 
avenue. 

Marquette  Park — One   18  hole   course. 

Garfield  Park — 9  hole  course,  situated  in  park 
about  one  block  south  of  West  Madison  street 
and  Hamlin  avenue. 

Lincoln  Park— 9  hole  course,  situated  on  lake 
shore,  starting  at  Diversey  boulevard. 

GOLF  OFFICIALS.   1919. 
United  States  Golf  Association. 

President— Frederick  S.  Wheeler,  Apawamis 
club.  Rye.  N.  Y. 

Vice-Presidents — Dr.  Walter  S.  Harban,  Colum- 
bia Country  club.  Washington.  D.  C.,  and 
Sterling  E.  Edmunds.  St.  Louis  Country  club. 

Secretary— Howard  F.  Whitney.  Nassau  Coun- 
try club.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Treasurer — Mortimer  N.  Buckner.  Garden  City 
Golf  club.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Executive  Committee— Frank  E.  Miller.  Old 
Elm  club.  Fort  Sheridan.  111.:  J.  F.  Byers. 
Allegheny  Country  club,  Sewickley,  Pa.:  Wil- 
liam P.  Stewart.  Audubon  Golf  club.  New 
Orleans.  La.;  Thomns  B.  Paine,  Atlanta 
Athletic  club,  and  Elmer  E.  Mitchell.  Wil- 
mington. (Del.)  Country  club. 

Western  Golf  Association. 
President — Charles    F.     Thompson,     Flossmoor 

Country   club,    Chicago,    HI. 
Vice-President—Charles  W.  German.  Blue  Hills 

club.  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
Secretary— James  H.  Barnard.  Glen  Vievr  club. 

Chicago.   111. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


431 


Treasurer— Guy  F.  Gregg:,  Blue  Mound  Coun- 
try club,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Directors — Horace  F.  Smith.  Nashville  Golf  and 
Country  club;  Wilbur  H.  Brooks.  Mayfield 
Country  club:  S.  G.  Strickland,  Westmore- 
land Country  club:  John  W.  Hughes.  Omaha 
Field  club:  A.  M.  Parry.  Indianapolis  Coun- 
try club. 

TENNIS. 

NATIONAL   CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

In  the  tournament  held  at  Forest  Hills.  L.  I.. 
Aug.  25-Sept.  4,  1919.  William  M.  Johnston 
of  San  Francisco  won  the  national  champion- 
ship in  sing-les  by  defeating-  William  T.  Tilden. 
Jr.,  of  Philadelphia  in  the  final  match  6-4. 
6-4.  6-3.  The  national  junior  singles  was  won 
by  Vincent  Richards  of  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  who 
defeated  A.  H.  Chapin,  Jr..  of  Springfield, 
Mass.,  6-2,  7-5,  6-1. 

The  contests  for  the  doubles  championship 
of  the  United  States  took  place  on  the  grounds 
of  the  Longwood  Cricket  club  at  Newton. 
Mass..  Aug.  11-19.  1919.  The  title  was  won 
by  Norman  E.  Brookes  and  Gerald  Patterson 
of  Australia,  who  in  the  challenge  round  de- 
feated William  T.  Tilden.  Jr.,  of  Philadelphia 
and  Vincent  Richards  of  Yonkers  8-6.  6-3. 
4-6.  4-6.  6-2. 

National  Tennis  Champions  in  Singles. 
1881— R.  D.  Sears. 
1882— R.  D.  Sears. 
1883— R.  D.  Sears. 
1884— R.  D.  Seare. 
1885— R.  D.  Sears. 
1886— R.  D.  Sears. 
1887— H.  W.  Slocum. 
1888— H.  W.  Slocum. 
1889— H.  W.  Slocum. 
1890— O.  S.  Campbell. 
1891— O.  S.  Campbell. 
1892— O.  S.  Campbell. 
1893— R.  D.  Wrenn. 
1894— R.  D.  Wrenn. 
1895— F.  H.  Hovey. 
1896 — R.  D.  Wrenn. 
1897— R.  D.  Wrenn, 
1898— M.  D.  Whitman. 
1899— M.  D.  Whitman. 
1900— M.  D.  Whitman. 


1901— W.  A.  Larned. 
1902— W.  A.  Larned. 
1903— H.  L.  Doherty. 
1904— H.  Ward. 
1905— B.  C.  Wright. 
1906— W.  J.  Clothier. 
1907— W.  A.  Larned. 
1908— W.  A.  Larned. 
1909— W.  A.  Larned. 
1910— W.  A.  Larned. 
1911— W.  A.  Larned.. 
1912— M.  E.  McLough- 

lin. 
1913— M.  E.  McLough- 

lin. 

1914— R.  N.  Williams. 
1915 — W.  M.  Johnston. 
1916— R.N.Williams. 
1917— R.  L.  Murray. 
1918— R.  L.  Murray. 


DAVIS    INTERNATIONAL    CUP. 
The  Davis  international  tennis  challenge  cut) 
was  taken  from  the  United  States  by  Austra- 
lasia   as   the  result  of  the  games  played  in  1914. 


Year.  Winner.  Score 
1908— Australasia. .  3-2 
1909— Australasia. .  5-0 
1911— Australasia. .  5-0 
1912— British  Isles.3-2 
1913— America  ...3-2 
1914— Australasia.  .3-2 


Year.  Winner.  Score 
1900— America  ...3-0 
1902— America  .  .  .  3-2 
1903— British  Isles.4-1 
1904— British  Isles.5-0 
1905— British  Isles. 5-0 
190fi— British  Isles. 5-0 
1907— Australasia.  .3-2 

INTERNATIONAL  GAMES  IN  ENGLAND. 

International  tennis  games  took  place  at 
Wimbledon,  England,  in  June  and  July.  1919. 
The  championship  in  singles  was  won  by  G. 
L.  Patterson  of  Australia,  who  defeated  Nor- 
man E.  Brookes,  also  of  Australia,  in  the 
finals  July  7.  6-3.  7-5.  6-2. 

In  the  women's  singles  the  victor  was  Su- 
zanne Lenerlen  of  France,  who  defeated  Mrs. 
Lambert  Chambers  of  England  in  the  finals 
July  4.  10-8.  4-6.  9-7. 

In  the  men's  doubles  R.  V.  Thomas  and 
O'Hara  Wood  defeated  Randolph  Lycett  and 
H.  Heath  in  the  finals  July  8.  6-4,  6-2.  4-6, 
6-2. 

In  the  women's  doubles  Suzanne  Lensrlen  of 
France  and  Miss  "Buddy"  Ryan  of  California 
defeated  Mrs.  Larcombe  and  Mrs.  Chambers 
4-<5.  7-5.  6-3. 

INTERALLIED   GAMF.S    IN  FRANCE. 

In  the  interallied  tennis  games  in  Paris  in 
June.  1919.  the  doubles  championship  was 


won  for  Australia  by  O'Hara  Wood  and  Ran- 
dolph Lycett,  while  Andre  Gobert  won  the 
singles  championship  for  France. 

At  Deauville.  France.  Aug.  7.  Andre  Gobert 
and  W.  H.  Laurentz.  the  French  team,  defeated 
the  British  team.  H.  R.  Barnett  and  R.  K. 
Trumbull.  in  the  Davis  cup  elimination,  6-0. 
6-1.  12-10.  On  the  same  day  and  date  Davi- 
son  and  Kinscote.  English,  defeated  in  single* 
Laurentz  and  Gobert.  French. 

INTERNATIONAL  GAMES  IN  AMERICA. 

At  Forest  Hills.  N.  Y..  Sept.  5  and  6,  1919. 
an  American  team,  consisting  of  William  M. 
Johnston,  William  T.  Tilden,  Jr.,  R.  Norris 
Williams  and  Wallace  F.  Johnston,  defeated  an 
Australian  team,  consisting  of  Norman  E. 
Brookes.  Gerald  E.  Patterson.  Randolph  Lycett 
and  R.  V.  Thomas,  taking  four  singles  and 
two  doubles  contests,  without  losing  a  game. 

In  Chicago  Sept.  12  and  13.  1919.  the  Aus- 
tralian team— Patterson.  Brookes,  Lycett  and 
Thomas — playing  against  Johnston.  Griffin.  Wil- 
lis E.  Davis.  Sam  Hardy.  Ralph  H.  Burdick 
and  Walter  T.  Hayes,  won  two  singles  con- 
tests and  one  in  doubles.  Hardy  and  Burdick 
defeated  Lycett  and  Thomas  in  one  doubles 
match  and  Hayes  and  Burdick  defeated  th« 
same  pair  in  another  doubles  match. 
WESTERN  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

The  annual  western  tennis  championship 
tournament  for  men  and  women  took  place  in 
Kansas  City.  Mo..  July  28-Aug.  4.  1919.  on 
the  courts  of  the  Rockhill  Tennis  club.  In 
the  men's  singles  Willis  E.  Davis  of  San  Fran- 
cisco was  the  victor,  defeating  Ralph  H.  Bur- 
dick of  Chicago  in  the  finals,  10-8.  4-6.  6-3. 
2-6.  6-3.  In  the  women's  doubles  Miss  Mar- 
jorie  Hires  and  Miss  Evelyn  Seavey  of  Kansas 
City  defeated  Miss  Carrie  B.  Neely  of  Chicago 
and  Miss  Mary  K.  Voorhees  of  Evanston,  HI.. 
7-5.  4-6,  7-5. 

In  the  men's  doubles  the  winners  were  Wil- 
lis E.  Davis  and  H.  Van  Dyke  of  California, 
who  defeated  Fred  Josties  and  Theodore 
Drewes  of  St.  Louis  6-2.  6-1.  4-6,  6-3.  The 
women's  championship  in  singles  was  won  by 
Miss  Corinne  Gould  of  St.  Louis,  who  defeated 
Miss  Marguerite  Davis  of  St.  Paul  4-6,  6-0. 
6-1.  Miss  Voorhees  and  H.  Van  Dyke  Jones 
won  the  mixed  doubles  title  by  defeating  Mrs, 
Ralph  Peer.  Kansas  City,  and  Charles  Speire, 
Kingfisher.  Okla..  6-2.  6-3. 

MIDDLE  ATLANTIC  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
William  Tilden.  Jr..  of  Philadelphia  and  Vin- 
cent Richards  of  New  York  won  the  Middle 
Atlantic  indoor  tennis  doubles  championships 
at  Philadelphia  Feb.  27.  1919.  by  defeating 
Wallace  Johnson  and  Craig  Biddle.  both  of 
Philadelphia.  6-8.  8-6.  6-1.  6-3. 

In  the  finals  for  the  championship  in  sin- 
gles William  T.  Tilden  II.  of  Philadelphia 
was  the  winner,  defeating  Vincent  Richards 
of  New  York  6-3.  5-7.  6-2.  7-5. 

NORTH  AND  SOUTH  TOURNAMENT. 
In  the  1919  north  and  south  tennis  tourna- 
ment at  Pinehurst.  N.  C..  the  finals  of  which 
were  played  April  12.  William  T.  Tilden,  Jr.. 
won  the  singles  championship  by  defeating 
Ichya  Kumagae  1-6.  6-2,  6-3.  6-4.  In  the 
doubles  Tilden  and  Vincent  Richards  won 
from  Kumagae  and  Howard  Voshell  6-3.  7-3. 
1-0.  6-3. 

In  the  women's  singles  Miss  Marion  Zinder- 
stein  defeated  Mrs.  Marion  Vanderhoff  Morse 
6-1.  6-4. 

WOMEN'S    NATIONAL    CHAMPIONSHIP. 
The    finals    in    the    women's    national    lawn 
tennis    tournament    of    1919.    held    at    Phila- 
delphia   and  ending  June  21.  resulted  as  fol- 
lows: 

Women's  singles— Mrs.  George  Wijrhtman. 
Longwood  Cricket  club,  defeated  Miss  Ma- 
rion Zinderstein.  Longwood  Cricket  club. 
6-1.  6-2. 


432 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


Women's  doubles — Miss  Marion  Zinderstein  nnd 
Miss  Eleanora  Goes  defeated  Mrs.  George 
Wightman  and  Miss  Eleanora  Sears  0-7.  9-7. 
Mixed  doubles — Miss  Marion  Zinderstein  and 
Vincent  Richards  defeated  Miss  Florence  Bal- 
lin  and  William  T.  Tilden  II.  2-6.  11-9.  6-2. 
Girls'  doubles— Miss  Elizabeth  Warren  and  Miss 
Penelope  Anderson.  Country  Club  of  Vir- 
ginia, defeated  Miss  Mary  Heaton  and  Miss 
Katherine  Lauder.  Greenwich  Field  club.  6-2. 
6-2. 

Miss  Molla  Bjurstedt.  champion  for  four 
years,  was  defeated  by  Miss  Zinderstein  in  the 
semifinals.  4-6.  6-1.  6-2. 

WOMEN'S  INDOOR  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
Mrs.  George  H.  Wightman  of  "Boston  won 
the  women's  national  tennis  indoor  champion- 
ship in  singles  in  New  York.  N.  Y.,  March 
14.  1919.  by  defeating-  Miss  Marion  Zind-r- 
stein,  also  of  Boston,  in  the  final  round  2-6. 
<J-1.  6-4.  These  two.  as  partners,  won  the 
doubles  championship  by  defeating-  Mrs.  Al- 
bert Humphries  and  Miss  Bessie  Holden  of 
New  York  6-1.  6-1. 

ARMY  CHAMPIONSHIPS, 
The  singles  and  doubles  tennis  champion- 
ships of  the  American  expeditionary  force  in 
France  and  Germany  were  decided  at  Cannes. 
France.  April  4.  1919.  In  the  final  for  the 
singles,  Capt.  R.  N.  Williams  II..  Pennsylvania, 
defeated  Capt.  W.  M.  Washburn  by  6-2.  7-5. 
6-2.  In  the  doubles  final.  Capt.  Williams  and 
Capt.  Washburn  defeated  Lieut.-Col.  D.  F. 
Davis  and  Chaplain  W.  M.  Dell. 

ILLINOIS  STATE  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
The  Illinois  state  tennis  championship  tourna- 
ment took  place  on  the  courts  of  the  Chicago 
Tennis  club  Aug.  30-Sept.  8.  1919.  The  title 
in  men's  singles  was  taken  by  Lucian  E.  Wil- 
liams, who  in  the  final  match  defeated  Ralph 
H.  Burdick  3-6.  6-2,  6-8.  6-4,  7-5.  The  men's 
doubles  championship  was  taken  by  Burdick 
and  Charles  L.  Johnston.  Jr..  who  defeated 
Walter  T.  Hayes  and  Arthur  P.  Hubbell  6-3, 
6-1.  6-0.  In  the  women's  singles  Miss  Carrie 
B.  Neely  was  the  victor.  Her  opponent  in  the 
final  was  Mrs.  S.  H.  Adams  of  Centralia, 
whom  she  defeated  6-1.  10-8.  Miss  Neely  and 
Miss  Mary  K.  Voorhees  took  the  doubles  title 
by  defeating-  Mrs.  S.  H.  Adams  and  Miss 
Elizabeth  Qualey. 

CHICAGO  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
Men's    singles,    final    mntch.    June    15— A.    L. 
Green.    Jr..    defeated    Walter    T.    Hayes    4-6, 
6-8.  7-5,   6-0.  6-0. 

Women's  singles,  final  match,  June  14 — Mrs. 
Malcolm  M?cNeil.  Jr..  defeated  Miss  Carrie 
B.  Neely  8-6.  4-6.  7-5. 

Men's  doubles,  final  match.  June  16 — A.  L. 
Green.  Jr..  and  Ralph  H.  Burdick  defeated 
Samuel  T.  Hardy  and  W.  S.  Miller  6-3.  6-0, 
8-6. 

INTERCOLLEGIATE  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
New     England — Herman      Broockman,     Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology. 
Eastern — Yale  university  team. 
Western    conference — Singles.    Walter    K.    Wes- 
brook.  Michigan:   doubles.   Wesbrook  and  N. 
B.  Bartz.  Michigan. 

OTHER  TENNIS   WINNERS  IN   1919. 
Women's  Metronolitan — Miss  Eleanora  Goss  and 

Miss  Marion  Zinderstein. 

Pacific    coast — Singles.    W.    M.    Johnston:    dou- 
bles.  Howard   and  Robert  Kinsey. 
Canada— S.  S.  Kashio.  singles,  and  Holmes  and 

Bennett,   doubles. 

New  York  state— Ichya  Kumagae,  singles; 
Clarence  J.  Griffin  and  Charles  S.  Garland. 
derbies. 

Northwestern  sectional— William  M.  Johnston, 
singles:  Johnston  and  Clarence  Griffin,  dou- 
bles: Miss  Marguerite  Davis,  women's  sin- 
ffles. 


.  Alexander     and     S. 

New  England  sectional— R.  Norris  Williams 
Jr..  and  Watson  M.  Washburn 

Longwood  bowl— W.   M.    Johnston. 

Seabnght  doubles— William  T.  Tilden.  Jr  and 
Vincent  Richards. 

Casino  club  invitation— Norman  E.  Brookes  and 
Gerald  Patterson,  doubles;  William  T  Til- 
den. Jr.,  singles. 

Michigan    state— Walter     T.      Hayes,      singles- 

,  Hayes  and  Vincent  Vernon.  doubles. 

Meadow  club— Charles  S.  Garland,  singles; 
Garland  and  William  T.  Tilden,  Jr..  doubles. 

Long-wood  women's— Mrs.  George  W.  Wightman. 

INDOOR    TENNIS. 
Champions  in  Singles. 


1900— J.  A.  Allen. 
1901— Holcombe  Ward 
1902— J.  P.  Paret. 

19Q4-W:c.'Grln1: 

.  Dewhurst. 
'.  Grant. 
[-T,  R.  Pell. 

1909-*.  £&¥*• 


1910— G.  F.  Touchard. 
1911— T.  R.  Pell. 


1912— W.  C.  Grant. 

1913— G.  F.  Touchard. 

1914— G.  F.  Touchard. 

1915— G.  F.  Touchard. 

1916— R.  L.  Murray. 

1917— S.  H.  Voshell. 

1918— S.  H.  Voshell. 

1919— V.  Richards. 
Champions   in   Doubles. 
1900— J.    P.    Paret    and    C.    Cragin 
1901—0.   M.   Bostwick  and   C.   Cragin 
1902— W.  C.  Grant  and  Robert  LeRoy. 
1903— W.  C.  Grant  and  Robert  LeRoy 
1904— W.  C.  Grant  and  Robert  LeRoy 
1905— T.   R.   Pell   and  H.  E.   Allen 
inXS~H-  2'  A]exander  and  H-  H-  Hackett. 
1907— F.  B.  Alexander  and  H.  H.  Hackett 
1908— F.  B.  Alexander  and  H.  H    Hackett 
1909-T.  R.  Pell  and  W.  C.  Grant 
1910— G.  F.  Touchard  and  C    R    Gardner 
191 1-T.  R.  Pell  and  F.  B.  Alexander 
1912— T.  R.  Pell  and  F.  B.  Alexander. 
1913— W.   C.   Grant   and  G.  C.   Shafer. 
1914— W.   C.   Grant  and  G.   C.   Shafer 
)15— G.   F.    Touchard   and   W.   M.    Washburn. 
916— Dr.  W.  Rospnbaum  and  A.  M.  Lovibond 
917— Dr.  W.  Rosenbaum  and  F.  B.  Alexander 
918— G.  C.  Shafer  and  King  Smith. 
1919— V.  Richards  and  W.  T.  Tilden.  Jr. 

SQUASH  TENNIS. 
Amateur   Championship. 

John  W.  Appel.  Jr..  of  the  Harvard  club 
won  the  national  amateur  squash  tennis  cham- 
pionship at  New  York,  March  21.  1919,  by  de- 
feating Harold  Tobey  of  the  Princeton  club  in 
the  final  match  of  the  tournament  by  scores 
of  15-2,  15-6.  15-6.  The  winner  in  1918  was 
Fillmore  Van  S.  Hyde  of  the  Harvard  club. 
He  did  not  defend  his  title  in  1919. 

PROFESSIONAL  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
.Walter  A.   Kinsella   won    the  world's  profes- 
sional championship  at   squash  tennis  in  New 
York.    N.    Y..    March    29.    1919.    bv    defeating1 
James  T.  Reid  15-7.  18-14  and  15-14. 

CLAY  COURT  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
In  the  national  clay  court  tennis  tournament 
of  1919.  held  in  Chicago.  July  12-20.  William 
M.  Johnston  of  San  Francisco  won  the  cham- 
pionship in  singles  by  defeating-  William  T. 
Tilden.  Jr..  of  Philadelphia  in  the  finals  6-0 
6-1.  4-6,  6-2.  The  doubles  title  was  won  by 
Johnston  and  Sam  Hardy  of  Chicago,  who  de- 
feated Robert  G.  Kinsey  of  San  Francisco  and 
Axel  Gravem  of  Berkeley,  Cal..  6-3.  6-1.  2-6. 
6-3.  In  the  woman's  singles  Miss  Corinne  C. 
Gould  of  St.  Louis  defeated  Miss  C.  B.  Neely 
of  Chicago  6-4.  6-2.  In  the  women's  doubles 
Miss  Neply  and  Mis?  Mary  K.  Voorhees  de- 
f^ated  Miss  Gould  and  Mrs.  Harry  Peters  of 
Cleveland  6-3.  0-6.  6-0.  In  the  mixed  dou- 
bles Miss  Marion  Leighton  of  Chicago  and 
Robert  G.  Kinsey  defeated  Mrs.  Ralph  Field 
of  Cincinnati  and  Axel  Gravem  6-3.  6-2. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


433 


COURT  TENNIS. 

Open    Professional    Champions. 

Open    professional    court    tennis    champions 
since    1871: 

1871-1885— G.    Lambert.    England. 
1885-1890— Tom   Pettit.   America. 
1890-1895— C.    Sanders.    England. 
1895-1905— Peter  Latham.    England. 
1905-1907— C.    J.   Fairs.    England. 
1907-1908— Peter  Latham,    England. 
1908-1912— C.   J.   Fairs.   England. 
1912-1914 — George  F.   Covey.   England. 
1914 — Jay  Gould.    America. 
1915-1919— No  contests. 

TENNIS  OFFICIALS. 

U.  S.  National  Lawn  Tennis  Association. 
President— G.  T.  Adee.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Vice-President— J.  S.  Myrick.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Secretary— E.  T.  Torrey.  Clinton.  N.  Y. 
Treasurer — A.  S.  Chapin,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Western  Lawn  Tennis  Association. 
President— Harry  L.  Waidner.  Winnetka.   111. 
Vice- President s—R.    L.    Van    Arsdale,    Chicago; 

Pierre  R.  Porter.  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
Secretary— J.  C.  Stewart.  Chicag-o. 
Treasurer— Reginald  F.  Woods.  Chicag-o. 


HORSE    RACING. 

METROPOLITAN  HANDICAP. 
Belmont  park.  New  York ;  distance,  1  mile. 
1903— GunUre,  1:38%;  511.080. 
1904— Irish   Lad,    1:40;   $10,880. 
1905— Sysonby  and  Race  King,  1:41%  (dead  heat). 

$9.230. 

1906— Grapple,   1:39;   $10,850. 
1907— Gloriner,  1:40%;  $10,570. 
1908-^Tack  Atkiii,    1:38%;   $9,620. 
1909— King  Jumes,   1:40;  $3,875. 
1910— Fashion  Plate,   1:37%;   $5,000. 
1911-1912— No  race. 
1913— Whisk  Broom,  1:39;  $3,475. 
1914— Buskin,  1:37%;  $4,100. 
1915— Stromboli,    1:39%;    $2,325. 
1916— The   Finn,   1:38;   $3.500. 
1917— Ormeadale,   1:39%;   $5.000. 
1918— Trompe-La-Morte,   1:38%;   $5,000. 
1919— Lanius,    1:45%;   $3,865. 

THE    FUTURITY. 

Belmont  park,    New   York ;   distance,   6  furlongs. 
1890— Potomac,    1:14%;   $77,000. 
1891— His  Highness,   1:15%;  $72,000. 
1892— Morello,   1:12%;  $41.375. 
1893— Domino,   1:12%;   $45,000. 
1894— Butterflies,   1:11;  $63.830. 
1895— Requital,   1:11%;   $69,770. 
1896— Ogden,    1:10;   $56,970. 
1897— L'Alouette,    1:11;   $43,300. 
1898— Martimas,    1:12%;    $46,840. 
1899—  Chacornac,    1:10%;    $41,000. 
1900— Ballyhoo  Bey,   1:10;   $42.000. 
1901— Yankee,   I:09y5;   $46.210. 
1902—  Savable,   1:14;  $56,660. 
1903— Hamburg   Belle,    1:13;   $46,550. 
1904— Artful,   1:11%;  $52,900. 
1905— Ormondale,    1:11%;   $43,680. 
1906— Electioneer,   1:13%;   $44,070. 
1907— Colin,    1:11%;    $32,930. 
1908— Maskette.    1:11%;    $33,360. 
1309— Sweep,    1:11%;    $33,660. 
1910— Novelty,   1:12%;   $25,360. 
1913— Pennant,    1:15;   $15,060. 
1914— Trojan,    1:16%;    $22,110. 
1915— Thunderer,   1:11%;   $16,500. 
1916— Campfire,    1:13%;    $22,950. 
1917— Papp,  1:12;  $15,450. 
1918— Dmiboyne,   1:12%;   $30,280. 
1919— Man  o'   War,    1:11%;   $26.650. 
KENTUCKY  DERBY. 

For      3-year-olds.      Louisville.      Ky.      Distance 
changed  in  1896  from  iya  to  1%  miles. 
1890— Riley.    llSlbs.    2:45;    $5,460. 
1891— Kingman,   122lb«.   2:52%;  $4.680. 
1892— Azra.   1221bs,    2  *1%;   $4.230. 


1893— Lookout.    122lbs.   2:39%;   $4.090. 
1894— Chant.    122lbs,    2:41;    $4,000. 
1895— Halma.    1221bs.   2:37%. 
1896— Ben    Brush.    117lbs.    2:07%.  • 

1897— Typhoon   II..    1171bs.    2:12%. 
1898— Plaudit.    1171bs.    2:08. 
1899— Manuel.   117lbs.   2:12. 
1900— Lieut.   Gibson,   llTlbs.   J:06%. 
1901- His  Eminence,  1171bs,  2:07%. 
1902— Alan  a-Dale.    1171bs.   2:08%;   $6,000. 
1S03— Judge   Himes.   1171bs,   2:09;   $6.000. 
1904—  El  wood.    117lbs.    2:08%;   $6,000. 
1905— Agile.     1221bs,    2:10%;    $6,000. 
1906— Sir   Huon.    117lbs.   2:08%;    $5,000. 
1907— Pink  Star.   117lbs.   2:12%;   $5,000. 
1908— Stone  Street.  1171bs.  2:15%;  $6,000. 
1909— WIntergreen.  1171bs.  2:08%;  $6,000. 
1910— Donan.   1121bs,  2:06%;  $6,000. 
1911— Meridian.   117lbs.   2.05%:   $6.000. 
1912— Worth.   117lbs.  2:09%;  $6.000. 
1913— Donerail,   1171bs,   2:04%;   $6.000. 
1914— Old  Rosebud,  H41bs.  2:03%:  $13.350. 
1915— Regret.  1121bs,  2:05%;  $14.900. 
1916— George   Smith.   1171bs.   2:04;   $9.750. 
1917— Omar   Khayyam.    1171bs.    2:04%;   $16,600. 
1918— Exterminator.  1141bs,  2:10%;  $15,000. 
1919— Sir    Barton,    llOlbs,    2:09%;    $20,825. 
BROOKLYN  HANDICAP. 

Gravesend,    New    York;    distance.    1%    miles. 
1905— Delhi,    2:06%;    $15,800. 
1906— Tokalon,    2:05%;   $15,800. 
1907— Superman,    2:09;    $15,800. 
1908— Fair  Play,    2:04%;   $19,750. 
1909— King   James,    2:04;    $3,850. 
1910— Fitz   Herbert,    2:05%;   $6,000. 
1913— Whisk  Broom,   2:03%;  $3,025. 
1914*— Buckhorn,   2:08;   $3,350. 
19151— Tartar,    1:50%;    $3,950. 
1916J— Friar  Rock,    1:50;   $5,000. 
1917*— Borrow,  1:49%;  $6,000. 
1918§— Cudgel.  1:50%;  $4.850. 
I919f— Eternal.    1:49%;    $4,850. 

•Run  at  Belmont  park,  L.  I.     tRun  at  Belmont 
park,  L.   I.;  distance  1V6  miles.     JRun  at  Aque- 
duct. N.  Y. ;  distance  1%  miles.    SRun  at  Queeni 
County  Jockey  club  track ;  distance  1%  miles. 
ENGLISH  DERBY. 

First  race  run  at  Epsom  May  4.  1780.    IH  1784 
distance  was  increased  from  1  mile  to  1%  miles. 
1890— Sain   Foln.   by  Springfield,   2:49%. 
1891— Common,    by    Isonomy.   2:56%. 
1892— Sir  Hugo,   by   Wisdom,   2:44. 
1893— Isinglass,    by    Isouomy,    2:43. 
1894— Ladas,   by   Hampton,   2:45%. 
1895— Sir  Visto,   by  Barcaldine.  2:43%. 
1896—  Persimmon,   by   St.   Simon.  2:42. 
1897— Galtee   Moore,   by   Kendal.  2:47. 
1898— Jeddah.    by   Janissary.   2:37. 
1899— Flying  Fox.   by   Orme.   2:38%. 
1900— Diamond   Jubilee,    by   St.    Simon,   2:42. 
1901— Volodyovski.   by  Florizel.   2:40%. 
1902— Ard  Patrick,   by   St.   Florian,  2:42%. 
1903— Rock   Sand,    by   Sain   Foin-Roquebrune. 
1904 — St.   Amant,   by  Frusquin-Loverule.   2:45%. 
1905— Cicero,    by   Cyllene,   3:11. 
1906— Spearmint,   by  Carbine,   2:36%. 
1907— Orby.   by  Orme,   2:44. 

19^8-  Slgnonnetta,  bv  Chalereux-Signorina.  2  :39H. 
1909— Minoru,   by  Cyllene-Mother  Siegel,  2:45%. 
1910— Lemberg,  by  Cyllene-Galicia,  2:35%. 
19H— Sunstar.    by    Sumlriclge-Norris.    2:36%. 
1912— Tagalle.   by   Cyllene-Tagale.   2:38%. 
1913— Aboyeur,   by  Desmond-Pa\vky,   2:37%. 
1914 — Durbar  II.,   by  Rabelais-Armenia,   2:38. 
1915*— Pommern,      by      Polyuielus-Murry      Agnes; 

2:32%. 

1916*— Fifinella.     (Time  not  reported.) 
1917-1918— No  race. 
1919— Grand    Parade,    by    Orby-Grand    Geraldine; 

2  '35^- 

*Run°'at   Newmarket   as   substitute   for   regular 
Derby. 

GRAND   PRIX   DE   PARIS. 

First  race  run  In  1863.    Distance  about  1  mile  T 
furlongs,  for  3  year  olds. 
1901— Cheri.    by   St.    Damien. 


\ 


434 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


1902— Kizil-Kourgan. 

1908— Quo   Vadis. 

1904 — Ajax.    by    Flying   Fox-Amle. 

1905— Fiuasseur. 

1906—  Spearmint. 

1907-Sans    Souci    II. 

1908— Northeast  (value  of  race,  $72.000). 

1909—  Verduit,  $74.155. 

1910— Nuage,   $60,000. 

1811— As  d'Atout.  $70,200. 

1912— Houll,   $73.000. 

1913— Bruleur,    $72.000. 

1914— Sardanople.  $60.000. 

1915-1918— No  racing. 

1919— Galloper  Light,  $48,000. 

AMERICAN  DERBY. 
'  The  American  Derby,  formerly  run  at  the 
Washington  park  racetrack,  was  renewed  in  1916 
at  the  Hawthorne  racetrack,  when  Dodge,  carry 
ing  126  pounds  and  lidden  by  F.  Murphy,  won  In 
2:04%.  The  value  of  the  stake  was  $10,000,  the 
winner  getling  $6.850.  The  record  of  winners  in 
the  American  Derby,  1%  miles  (1%  in  1916),  for 
3  year  olds,  Is  as  follows— year,  winner,  weight, 
time  and  value  of  stake  being  given  in  order: 
1884— Modesty.  117;  2:42%;  $10.700. 
1885— Volante.  123;  2:49%:  $9.570. 
1886— Silver  Cloud.  121;  2:37%;  $8.160. 
1887-0.  H.  Todd.  118;  2:38%:  $13.690. 
1888—  Emperor  of  Norfolk.  123:  2:40%;  $14,340. 
188<j— Spokane.  121;  2:41%;  $15.440. 
1890-Uncle  Bob.  115%:  2:55%:  $15.200. 
1891— Strathmeath.  122:  2:49%:  $18.610. 
18^?— Carlsbad.  122;  3:04%;  $16.930. 
1893- Boundless.  122;  2:36;  $49,500. 
1894— Rey  el  Santa  Anita,  122;  2:36;  $19,750. 
1895-1897— No  racing. 
189£-Pink  Coat.  127;  2:42%;  $9,425. 

1900— Sidney  Lucas,  122;   2:40%;  $9.425. 
1901— Robert   Waddell,   119;    2:33;   $19,326. 
1902— Wyeth.  123;  2:40;  $20.125. 
1903— The  Picket.  115;  2:33;  $27.275. 
1904— Highball.  122;   2:33;   $26.325. 
1905-1915— No  racing. 
1916-Dodge.   126;    2:04%;   $6.850. 

No  race  since  1916. 

OTHER  RACING  CLASSICS    (1919). 
Latonia    Derby— Won    by    Be    Frank ;    value    of 

stake,   $16,160. 
Kentucky    Futurity— Won    by    Periscope;    stake, 

Saratoga     Grand     Union     Hotel— Won     by     Man 

o'   War;   stake,  $10,000. 
Suburban  Handicap— Corn  Tassel;   stake,   $5,200. 

BEST  TROTTING  RECORDS. 

i/  mlle— :27.  Uhlan.  Lexington.  Ky..  Oct.  2.  1913. 

U  mile— :55%,  Directum  I.  (paced  by  runner), 
Syracuse.  NY.,  Sept.  14,  1916;  :58%,  Lou  Dil- 
lon, at  Cleveland,  Sept.  17,  1904;  in  race,  1:01, 
Major  Delmar,  Memphis,  Oct.  23,  1903;  by  2- 
year-oli.^  1:02%,  Mr.  Dudley,  Cleveland,  July 


8,  1919. 

1  mile— 1:54%,  Uhlan.  Lexington,  Ky.,  Oct.  9. 
1918  (with  running  mate):  1:58.  Uhlan.  Lexing- 
ton. Ky.,  Oct.  8.  1912  (without  wind  shield); 
1:58%.  Lou  Dillon,  Memphis.  Tenn..  Oct.  24. 
1903  (with  wind  shield).  By  a  stallion,  1:58%, 
Lee  Axworthy,  Lexington.  Ky.,  Oct.  7,  1916. 

1  mile,  yearlings— Best  mile  by  a  filly,  2:19%. 
Miss  Stokes.  Lexington.  Ky..  Sept.  17.  1909. 
Best  mile  by  a  colt.  2:15%.  Airdale.  Lexington. 
Ky..  Oct.  2.  1912,  race  record.  2:26.  Adbell. 
Woodland,  Cal..  Aug.  27.  1894. 

1  mile,  2-year-olds— 2:04%,  The  Real  Lady,  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,  Oct.  7,  1916.  Best  mile  by  a  geld- 
ing, 2:11%,  Henry  Todd,  Lexington,  Ky.,  Oct. 

1  mile.  3-year-olds— 2:03%.  Miss  Bertha  Dillon, 
Atlanta.  Ga.,  Oct.  18,  1917;  fastest  four  heat 
race,  2:10%,  2:09%.  2:10,  2:10%.  Day  Star, 
Lexington.  Ky..  Sept.  29.  1919. 

1  mile,  4-year-olds— 1:59%,  Lee  Axworthy.  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,  Oct.  4,  1916. 


I  mile,   5-year-olds— 1:58%.  Lou  Dillon.   Memphis, 

Tenn..   Oct.   24.  1903. 

1  mile,  fastest  two-heat  race— 2:01%.  2:01%,  Ham- 
burg Belle.  North  Randall.  O..  Aug.  25,  1909. 

By  a   stallion,   2:02%.   2:02%.    Lu  Princeton,   at 

Hartford.  Conn.,  Sept.  2,  1918. 
1    mile,     fastest    three-heat     race— 2:01%.    2:04%, 

2:03.    St.    Frisco,    Belmont.    Pa.,   Aug.   16,    1918; 

by    filly,    2:05%;    2:03%;    2:04%,    Miss    Bertha 

Dillon.    Columbus.    O..    Sept.    25.   1917. 
1     mile,     fastest     four-heat     race — 2:03%      (Billy 

Burke).  2:06%,     2:04%.  2:06%.   Dudie  Archdale. 

Columbus.   O..   Oct.   1.  1912. 
I     mile,     fastest     five-heat     race— 2:05%,     2:03%, 

2:04%,    2:05%,    2:09,    Mabel    Trask.    Columbus, 

O.,    Aug.    17,   1916.      (St.    Frisco   won    first   two 

heats. ) 
1  mile,  fastest  six-heat  race— 2:05%,  2:04%,  2:04%. 

2:06%,     2:07%,     Bertha     McGuire.    Toledo.    O.. 

July  24.   1918. 
1  mile,  fastest  sixth  heat,  2:05%,  Wilkes  Brewer. 

Columbus,   O..   July  30,   1919. 
1   mile,   over  half-mile   track— 2:02%,    Uhlan,   Go- 

shen,   N.   Y..   Aug.   24.   1911. 

Trotting  to   Waoon. 

%  mile— :56%.  Uhlan  (paced  by  runner),  Cleve- 
land. O..  Aug.  11,  1911. 

1  mile — 2:00,  Lou  Dillon,  Memphis,  Tenn.,  Oct. 
23,  1903.  and  Uhlan.  Cleveland.  O.,  Aug.  8, 
1911;  by  stallion.  2:02%,  Lee  Axworthy,  Lex- 
ington. Ky.,  Oct.  12.  1916;  by  team,  2:10%. 
Roy  Miller  and  Lucy  Van,  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  11.  1918. 

Teams  to   Pole. 

I  mile— 2:03%.  Uhlan  and  Lewis  Torrent,  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.,  Oct.  11,  1912. 

Trotting    to   High    Sulky. 

I  mile— 2:05,  Lon  Dillon.  Cleveland.  O..  Sept.  11. 
1903;  2:07,  Major  Delmar,  Memphis.  Tenn.,  Oct 

26.  1904    (non ball-hearing   sulky);    2:08%.    Maud 
S..   Glenville.  1885. 

BEST  PACING  RECORDS. 
%  mile— :27%.  Dan  Patch.   Memphis,  Tenn..  Oct 

27.  1903;     :28.     Star     Pointer.     Sept.     28.     1897 
(against  time,  accompanied  by  a  running  horse). 

%   mile— :56.   Dan   Patch,    Memphis.   Tenn..    Oct. 

27,  1903  (against  time). 
%  mile— 1:26%.    Prince  Alert  (with  wind  shield). 

Empire  track.   New  York.   Sept.  23.   1903. 
1  mile— 1:55.   Dan   Patch,   St.   Paul.   Sept.   8.   190« 
(with    dust   shield,    a   runner   in    front   and    at 
one   side)  ;    1:56%,    Directum    I.    (without    wind 
shield),  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  15,  1915.  Fastest 
in  competition,  1:58,  by  Directum  I.,  Columbus, 
O.,    Sept.    30.    1914. 
1    mile,    yearlings— 2:20%,    Belle    Acton,    Lyons. 

Neb..  Oct.  14.   1882. 
1    mile.    2-year-olds— 2:07%,    Directly,    Galesburc. 

111..   Sept.   20.  1894. 

1    mile,    3-year-olds — 2:00%.    Anna    Bradford,    Co- 
lumbus. O.,   Sept.  29,  1914;  by  colt.  2:03,  Peter 
Look,  Lexington.  Ky.,  Oct.  7,   1916. 
1  mile,  4-year-olds — 2:00.  William.  Grand  Rapids. 
Mich.,  Aug.  5.  1914:  race  record,  2:04%.  Search- 
light.  Dubnque.   Iowa,   Aug.   23.   1898:   Be  Sure. 
Terre  Haute.  Ind.,   Aug.  9.   1895.   and  Ananias. 
Terre  Haute.  Ind..   Sept.  29.  1897. 
1  mile,   5-year-olds— 2:02%.    Braden  Direct,   Hart- 
ford, Conn..   Sept.  1.  1913. 

1   mile,    fastest   two-heat  race— 1:58.   2:00.   Direc- 
tum.  Columbus.   O..   Sept.  30.  1914. 
1  mile,  fastest  three-heat  race— 2:02%.  2:00.  2:00. 

Directum,    Syracuse,    N.   Y.,   Aug.   31,   1914. 
1    mile,    fastest    four-heat    race— 2:00%,    2:00%, 
2:00%,    2:05%,    Russell    Boy,     Lexington.     Ky., 
Oct.    7,    1916.     (Second   heat    taken    by    Braden 
Direct,   and  third  heat  by  Judge   Ormonde.) 

mile,  fastest  five-heat  race— 2:01%.  2:03%. 
2:01%.  2:03%,  2:04%.  Evelyn  W.  and  Earl.  Jr.. 
Colnmbus.  O..  Oct.  8.  1912.  (Evelyn  W.  won 
the  first,  third  and  fourth  heats.) 
mile,  fastest  six-heat  race— 2:03%,  2:03%,  2:02%. 
2:04%,  2:03%.  2:03%,  Russell  Boy,  Columbus,  O., 
Sept.  80.  1915. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


435 


1  mile,  fastest  seven-heat  race— 2:00%.  2:02. 
2:05%.  2:08%.  2:06%.  2:06%.  2:07%  (first  two  by 
Minor  Heir,  third  by  The  Eel.  fourth  by  Cona 
de  Oro  and  last  three  by  Jersey  B.),  Lexing- 
ton. Ky..  Oct.  6,  1908. 

1  mile,  fastest  third  heat  in  race— 1:59%.  Direc- 
tmn  I..  Lexington,  Ky..  Oct.  7.  1914. 

1  mile,  fastest  seventh  heat-2:05%.  R.  H.  Brett. 
Columbus,  O..  Oct.  2.  1914. 

1  mile,  half-mile  track— 2:02.  Dan  Patch,  Allen- 
town,  Pa.,  Sept.  21.  1905. 

Pacing  to  Waaon. 

1  mile— 1:57^.  Dan  Patch.  Memphis.  Tenn..  Oct. 
27,  1903;  1:59%,  William.  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 
16  1915  (amateur  driving)  :  best  three  heats  in 
race  2-06V4.  2:04%.  2*06i4.  An^is  Pointer. 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  Oct.  20,  1904  (Baron  Grattan 
won  first  heat). 

Teams  to  Pole. 

U.  mile— :29%.  Hontas  Crooke  and  Prince  Direct. 
Cleveland,  O..  July  22.  1905. 

%  mile— 1:00%.  Prince  Direct  and  Morning  Star. 
Memphis.  Tenn..  Oct.  21,  1904. 

1  mile— 2:02.  Minor  Heir  and  George  Gano,  Co- 
lumbus. O..  Oct.  1.  1912. 

BEST  RUNNING  RECORDS. 

^4  mile — :21*4.  Bob  Wade.  4yrs,  Butte.  Mont.. 
Aug.  20.  1890. 

2%  furlongs— :29%,  Nash  Cash,  2yrs,  1121bs, 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  Feb.  5.  1912. 

%  mile— :33%,  Atoka,  6yrs,  lOSlbs,  Butte,  Mont.. 
Sept.  7.  1906. 

3%  furlongs— :39,  Joe  Blair,  5yrs,  1151bs,  Jaurez, 
Mex.,  Feb.  6.  1916. 

%  mile— :46,  Geraldine,  4  yrs,  1221bs,  straight 
course.  Morris  Park.  Aug.  30.  1899. 

%  mile— :46%,  Donau,  2yrs,  llolbs,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal  March  13,  1909.  and  Amon,  2yrs,  1151ks. 
Juarez,  Mex.,  Feb.  9,  1911. 

4%  furlongs— 51%.  Tanya.  2yrs.  1071bs,  Morris 
Park,  straight  course.  May  12.  1904. 

i  furlongs—  :56%i.  Maid  Marian,  4yrs,  llllbs,  Mor- 
ris park,  straight  course.  Oct.  9,  1894. 

6%  furlongs— 1 :02%.  Plater,  2yrs,  1071bs.  Morris 
park,  straight  course.  Oct.  21.  1902;  1:03%.  Iron 
Mask,  6yrs.  1501bs.  Juarez,  Mex..  March  8.  1914. 

«  furlongs,  less  170  feet  (Futurity  course)— 1:08. 
Kingston,  aged,  1391bs.  Sheepshead  Bay.  L.  I., 
June  22.  1891. 

6  furlongs— 1:08.  Artful,  2yrs.  ISOlbs,  Morris  park, 
straight  course.  Oct.  15,  1904:  1:09%,  Iron  Mask. 
6yrs.  1151bs.  Juarez.  Mex.,  J*n.  4.  1914. 

1%  furlongs— 1:16%,  Lady  Vera.  2yrs.  901bs.  Bel- 
mont  park,  straight  track,  Oct.  19.  1906. 

%  mile— 1:22.  Roseben,  Byrs.  1261bs,  Belmont 
park,  New  York,  Oct.  16.  1906. 

7%  furlongs— 1:31%,  Restigouche,  Syrs.  1061bs.  Bel- 
mont park,  May  29.  1908. 

J  mile— 1:34,  Sun  Briar,  at  Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 
11.  1918. 

1  mile  and  20  yds.— 1:39,  Froglegs,  4yrs,  1071bs, 
Churchill  Downs,  Ky.,  May  13,  1913  and  Sena- 
tor James,  8yrs,  lOSlbs,  Havana,  Cuba,  Feb. 
15,  1918. 

1  mile  and  25  yds.— 1:45%.  Ruperta,  3yrs,  1071bs, 
Latonia.  Ky.,  July  4.  1890.  • 

1  mile  and  50  yards— 1:40%.  Vox  Populi,  4yrs, 
1041bs,  Seattle,  Wash.,  Sept.  5,  1918. 

1  mile  and  70  yards— 1:41%,  Pif,  Jr.,  6yrs,  I201bs, 
Louisville,  Ky.,  May  29,  1918. 

1  mile  and  100  yards— 1:44%,  Rapid  Water,  6yrs, 
1141bs,  Oakland,  Cal.,  Nov.  30,  1907. 

1  1-16  miles— 1:42%.  Celesta,  4yrs,  lOSlbs,  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y.,  Sept.  3,  1914. 

1%  miles— 1:49%,  Borrow,  Syrs,  1171bs,  Aque- 
duct, N.  Y.,  June  25,  1917,  and  Boots,  6yrs, 
1271bs,  Aqueduct,  N.  Y..  June  7,  1917. 


1  3-16  miles— 1:56.  Cndgel,  4  yrs..  131  Ibs.,  at 
Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  16,  1918. 

1^4  miles— 1:49%,  Boots,  3  yrs..  127  Ibs.,  Aque- 
duct. July  7,  1917. 

1  mile  and  500  yards— 2:10%,  Swiftwing,  5yrs, 
lOOlbs,  Latonia,  Ky.,  July  8,  1905. 

1  5-16   miles— 2:09%.   Ballot,   4yrs.   1261bs.   Sheeps- 
head  Bay.   July  1.   1908. 

1%  miles— 2:17%.  Irish  Lad.  4yrs.  1261bs.  Sheeps- 
head Bay,  June  25.  1904. 

1%  mile— 1:29%.  Thunderclap,  Syrs.  lOSlbs., 
Laurel.  Md.,  Oct.  11,  1919. 

1%  miles— 2:45.  Fitz  Herbert,  Syrs.  122lbs,  Sheeps- 
head Bay.  Jnly  13.  1909:  2:45%.  Africander.  3 
yrs.  126lbs.  Sheepshead  Bay,  July  7,  1903. 

1%  miles— 2:57,  Major  Daingerfield,  4yrs,  1201bs, 
Morris  park.  Oct.  3,  1903. 

1%  miles— 3:17%.  Orcagna,  Oakland.  Cal.,  March 
2.  1909. 

2  miles— 3:25%,    Everett,    Syrs,   1071bs,    Baltimore, 
Md.,   Oct.   31,   1910. 

2%  miles— 3:42.  Joe  Murphy.  4yrs.  991bs.  Harlem. 

Aug.   30.   1894. 
2%  miles— 3:49,    Ethelbert,  4yrs,  1241bs.   Brighton 

Beach.   Aug.   4,   1900. 
2%    miles— 4:24%.    Kyrat.    3yrs,    881bs.    Newport 

Ky.,    Nov.   8.   1899. 

2%   miles— 1:58%.   Ten  Broeck.   4yrs.   HOlbs.   Lex- 
ington.  Ky.,  Sept.  16,  1876. 
2%  miles— 4:58%,  Hubbard.  4yrs.  1071bs.  Saratoga, 

Aug.   9,   1873. 
8    miles— 5:19.    Mamie    Algol.    Syrs,    lOSlbs.    City 

park,  New  Orleans,  Feb.  16,  1907. 
4  miles— 7:1046.    Sotemia.   1191bs.   Louisville.   Ky.. 

Oct.   7.   1912. 
10  miles— 26:18.   Mr.    Brown.   6yrs.   160lbs.   Ranco- 

cas.  N.  J..   March  2.  1880. 

Heat  Racing. 
V4  mile— :21%.    :WA.   Sleepy  Dick.   aged.   Kiowa. 

Kas.,  Nov.  24,  1888. 
%  mile— :47%.    :47%.   Quirt.   3yrs.   1221bs.   Vallejo. 

Cal..    Oct.    5,   1894;    :48.    :48.    :48.   Eclipse.   Jr..   4 

yrs.,   Dallas,    Tex.,  Nov.   1,   1890. 
%    mile— 1:00.    1:00.    Kittie    Pease.    4yrs.    Dallas. 

Tex..   Nov.  2.  1887. 
6%  furlongs— 1:09,  l:08Vi.   1:09.  Dock  Wick.  4yrs, 

lOOlbs.   St.   Paul.   Minn..   Aug.   5.   1891. 
%   mile— 1:10%.    1:12%.   Tom   Hayes.   4yrs.    1071bs. 

Morris    park,    straight    course,    June    17.    1892; 

l:13Vi.  I:13i4.  Lizzie  S.,  Syrs.  llSlbs.  Louisville. 

Ky..  Sept.  28.  18S3. 

1  mile— 1:41%.  1:41.  Gnido.  4vrs.  HTlbs.  Washing- 
ton park.  Jnly  11.  1891;  1:43,  1:44.  1:47%.  L'Ar- 

gentine.  6yrs.  1151bs.  St.  Louis,  Mo..  June,  1879. 

1  1-16  miles— 1:50%.   1:48.   Slipalong.  5yrs.   llSlbs. 
Washington  park.   Sept.  25.  1SS5. 

1%   milos— 1:56.   1:54%.   Whnt-pr-Lou.   Syrs.   1191bs. 

San  Francisco.  Feb.  18.  1899. 
114     miles— 2:10.     2:14.     Glenmore.     Syrs.     144lbs. 

Sheepshead   Bay,    Sept.   25.    1880. 
1%  miles— 2:41%.  2:41.  Patsy  Duffy,  aged.  llSlbs. 

Sacramento,  Cal.,   Sept.  17.  1884. 

2  miles— 3:33.    3:3lVi.    Miss   Woodford.    4yrs.   107% 
Ibs,    Sheepshead   Bay,    Sept.   20.   1884. 

3  miles— 5:27%.   5:29%.   Norfolk.   4yrs,  lOOlbs.   Sac 
ramento.    Cal..    Sept.  23.   1865. 

4  miles— 7:23%.  7:41.  Ferida,   4yrs.  lOSlbs,  Sheeps- 
head Bay.   Sept.  18.  1880. 

Long-Distance   Riding. 

10  miles — 20:02.  Miss  Belle  Cook.  5  horses,  chang- 
ing five  times.  Minneapolis,  Minn,  Sept.  10. 
1882. 

20  miles— 40:59.  Little  Cricket,  changing  horses 
at  will.  Minnpnpolis.  Minn.,  Sept.  7,  1882. 

50  miles— 1:50:03%,  Carl  Pugh.  ton  horses,  chang- 
ing at  will,  match  race.  San  Bernardino.  Cnl.. 
July  7.  1883.  Woman:  2:27:00.  Miss  Nellie 
Bnrke.  Galveston.  Tex.,  Feb.  24.  1884. 

60  miles— 2:33:00.  George  Osbaldiston.  11  horses, 
Newmarket.  England,  Nov.  5.  1831. 

100  miles— 4:19:40.  George  Osbaldiston.  16  horses, 
as  above. 


480 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOE   1920. 


Illinois. 
Oct.  11— Purdue     ... 

Oct.  18— Iowa    

Oct.  25 — Wisconsin 
Nov.    1 — Chicago    . . . 
Nov.    8— Minnesota 
Nov.  15— Michigan  .. 
Nov.  22— Ohio   State. 
Oct.     4— Wesleyan    . 


OP.  in. 

.    7  14 

.    7  9 

.14  10 

.   0  10 

.    6  10 


FOOTBALL    RESULTS   IN    1919. 

Notre  Dame.  Op.N.D. 
Oct.  4 — Kalamazoo  ..  0  14 
Oct.  11— Mount  Union.  7  60 


0     38 


Ohio   State.    op.    O. 

Oct.  11— Cincinnati  ....   0  46 

Oct.  18— Kent'cky  State  0  49 

Oct.  25— Michigran    ....   3  13 

Nov.    8 — Purdue    0  20 

Nov.  15— Wisconsin    ...   0  3 

Nov.  22— Illinois  9  7 

Chicago        Op.  Chi 
Oct.  I'l— Great  Lakes..   0   123 

Oct.  18— Purdue  0  16 

Oct.  25— Northwestern.  0  41 

Nov.    1— Illinois   10,  0 

Nov.    8— Michigran    ....    0  13 

Nov.15— Iowa    6  9 

Nov.  22— Wisconsin     ..10  3 

Wisconsin.     ^  Wig 

Oct.  11— Marquette    ...   0  13 

Oct.  18 — Northwestern.    6  10 

Oct.  25— Illinois     10  14 

Nov.    1— Minnesota    ...19  7 

Nov.  15— Ohio    3  0 

Nov.  22— Chicago     3  10 

Minnesota.   O»JVIinn. 

Oct.     4— N.    Dakota    ..0  39 

Oct.  11— Nebraska    ....    6  6 

Oct.  18— Indiana    6  20 

Oct.  25 — Iowa 9  6 

Nov.    1— Wisconsin     ..7  19 

Nov.    8— Illinois     10  6 

Nov.  22— Michig-an    ....    7  34 

Iowa.          op    Ia 

Oct.     4— Nebraska    ....    0  18 

Oct.  18— Illinois     9  7 

Oct.  25— Minnesota     ..6  9 

Nov.    1— S.    Dakota....  14  26 

Nov.    8— Northwestern.  7  14 

Nov.15 — Chicago     9  6 

Nov.  22— Ames     0  10 

Northwestern  QP.  N.W. 
Oct.  11— D^Pauw     .     ..0/20 

Oct.   18— Wisconsin     ...10  6 

Oct.   25— Chicago    41  0 

Nov.    1— Michigan    ....16  13 

Nov.    8— Iowa      14  7 

Nov.  15— Indiana     2  3 

Nov.  22 — Rutgers     28  0 

Michigan.    Qp.Mich. 

Oct.      4 — Case     0  34 

Oct.   18— Mich.     Ags....    0  26 

Oct.  25— Ohio  State....  13  3 

Nov.    1— Northwestern. 13  10 

Nov.    8 — Chicago    13  0 

Nov.  15— Illinois     29  7 

Nov.  22— Minnesota    ...34  7 

Indiana.        Op  Ind 

Sept.  27— Wabash    7  27 

Oct.     4 — Center     12  3 

Oct.  11— Kent'cky  State  0  24 

Oct.   18— Minnesota     ...20  6 

Nov.     1— Notre   Dame..  16  3 

Nov.  15— Northwestern    3  2 

Nov.  22— Syracuse     ....    6  12 


Oct.   18—  Nebraska    ....   9  14 

Oct.  25—  W.    Normal...    0  53 

Nov.    1—  Indiana     .....   3  16 

Nov.    8—  Army     ........   9  12 

Nov.  15—  Mich.    Ags....   0  13 

Nov.  22—  Purdue     ......  13  33 

Nebraska.     Op.  Neb. 

Oct.     4—  Iowa      ........  18  0 

Oct.   11—  Minnesota    ...    6  6 

Oct.  18—  Notre    Dame..  14  9 

Oct.  25—  Oklahoma    ...    7  7 

Nov.    1—  Ames   .........    3  0 

Nov.    8—  Missouri    .....    5  12 

Nov.  15—  Kansas     ......    7  19 

Purdue.         Op  p^. 

Oct.      4—  Franklin    .....  14  14 

Oct.  11—  Illinois    .......  14  7 

Oct.  18  —  Chicago     .....  16  0 

Nov.    1—  Mich.    Ags....   7  13 

Nov.    8—  Ohio  State....  20  0 

Nov.  15—  DePauw     .....    0  24 

Nov.  22—  Notre  Dame..  33  13 

DePauw.       OpJDeP. 

Oct.  11—  Northwe-atern.20  0 

Oct.  25—  Mich.  Ags.  ...27  0 

Nov.  15—  Purdue    ......  24  0 

Harvard.       Op.Har. 

Sept.  <2  7—  Bates     ........   0  52 

Oct.     4—  Boston    Col...   0  17 

Oct.  11—  Colby     ........   0  35 

Oct.   18—  Brown     .......    0  7 

Oct.  25—  Virginia     .....    0  47 

Nov.    1—  Springfield    Y.  0  20 

Nov.    8—  Princeton     ...10  10 

Nov.  15—  Tufts   .........    0  23 

Nov.  22—  Yale     .........   3  10 


Op.  Yale. 

Oct.     4—  Springfield    Y.  0  20 

Oct.  11—  N.   Carolina...    7  34 

Oct.  18  —  Boston    Col...   5  3 

Oct.   25  —  Tufts     ........    0  37 

Nov.    1—  Maryl'nd  State  0  31 

Nov.     8—  Brown     .......    0  14 

Nov.  15—  Princeton     ...  13  6 

Nov.  22—  Harvard    .....  10  3 

Princeton.      Op.  Pr. 

Oct.     4—  Trinity    .......   0  28 

Oct.  11—  Lafayette    ....    6  9 

Oct.  18—  Rochester     ...   0  34 

Oct.  25-<!olgate   .......   7  0 

Nov.    1—  W.    Virginia..  25  0 

Nov.    8—  Harvard     ....10  10 

Nov.  15—  Yale     .........   6  13 


Op.Army. 

Sept.  27—  Middlebury     .   0  14 

Oct.  11—  Syracuse     ....   7  3 

Oct.   18—  Maine     .......    0  6 

Oct.   25—  Boston     Col..    0  13 

Nov.     1—  Tufts    ........  13  24 

Nov.    8—  Notre   Dame..  12  9 

Nov.  15—  Villa    Nova...    0  62 


Qp.Navy. 
Oct.  4—  N.  Carolina...  9  49 
Oct.  11—  Johns  Hopkins  0  66 
Oct.  25—  Bucknell  ....  6  21 
Nov.  15—  Colby  ........  0  121 


Brown.        Op  Br 

Sept. 27— R.  Island   ....   0  27 

Oct.     4— Bowdoin     0  7 

Oct.  ll^Colgate     14  0 

Oct.  18— Harvard     ....    7  0 

Oct.  25— Norwich    0  20 

Nov.    1 — Syracuse     13  0 

Nov.    8— Yale     14  0 

Nov.  15— Dartmouth    .    6  7 

Syracuse.      Op.  gyr 

Oct.     4— Vermont    0  27 

Oct.  11— Army     3  7 

Oct.   18— Pittsburgh    ...   3  24 

Nov.     ]— Brown     0  13 

Nov.    8— Bucknell    0  9 

Nov.  22— Syracuse     ....   6  12 

Pennsylvania.  Qp  Pa 

Sept. 27— Bucknell     ....   o'  16 

Oct.   11— Delaware     ....    0  89 

Oct.  25— Lafayette     ...    0  23 

Nov.    1— Penn.     State..  10  0 

Nov.    8 — Dartmouth    ..20  19 

Nov.  15— Pittsburgh    >^  3  3 

Dartmouth.    Qp.Dar. 

Sept.  27— Springfield     ..0  40 

Oct.     4— Norwich    0  1» 

Oct.   11— Mass.     Ags....    7  27 

Oct.   18— Penn.     State.. 13  19 

Oct.  25— Cornell     0  9 

Nov.    1— Colgate  7  7 

Nov.    8— Pennsylvania.  19  20 

Nov.15 — Brown     7  6 

Cornell.        Op.  Cor. 

Oct.     4— Oberlin     0  9 

Oct.  11— Williams     ....   0  3 

Oct.  18--Colgate     21  0 

Oct.  25— Dartmouth    ..9  0 

Nov.    1— Lafayette    ....21  2 

Nov.    8— Carnegie  Tech.  0  20 

Nov.  15— Penn.    State..  20  0 

Colgate.        Qp.  Col. 

Oct.  11— Brown     0  14 

Oct.   18— Cornell    0  21 

Oct.  25— Princeton    0 

Nov.    1— Dartmouth    ..   7 

Nov.    8— Rochester    ...   0  21 

Amherst.      Op.  Am. 

Sept. 27— Bowdoin     ....   0  3 

Oct.     4— New    York....    0  2 

Oct.  11— Union    0  12 

Oct.  18— Trinity    7  48 

Nov.    8— Wesleyan    ....    7  9 

Nov.  15— Williams     ....  30  0 

Bowdoin.     Op.  Bow. 

Sept. 27— Amherst     ....   3  0 

Oct.     4— Brown     7  0 

Oct.  18— Ft.    McKinley.    0  73 

Nov.    1— Bates    13  14 

Williams.    Qp  Wms. 

Oct.     4— Union    0  23 

Oct.   11— Cornell    3  0 

Oct.  18— Columbia  0  25 

Oct.   25— Hamilton     ...    0  13 

Nov.    1 — Wesleyan      ...16  0 

Nov.    8— Middlebury    ..0  19 

Nov.  15— Amherst    0  30 

Holy  Cross.    Op.  H.C. 

Oct.     4— Army     9  0 

Oct.  11— Bowdoin  0  14 

Oct.   27— Conn.  Ags 0  69 

Nov.    8— Colby  0  41 


AZMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 437 

PUGILISM. 

Following-  is  &  list  of  the  most  noteworthy  ring-  battles  in  the  United  States  since  1882.  the 
heavy  weight  championship   contests  being-  the  first  given: 
Date.  Winner.  Loser.  Place.  Rounds. 

Feb.  7,  1882 John   L.    Sullivan Paddy   Ryan Mississippi    City 9 

July   8.    1889 John   L.    Sullivan Jake    Kilrain Richburg.   Miss 75 

Jan.    14,    1891 Bob    Fitzsimnious Jack    Deuipsey New   Orleans.    La 13 

Sept.    7,    1892 James  J.   Corbett John   L.    Sullivan New   Orleans,   La 21 

Jan.    25,    1896 James  J.   Corbett Charles    Mitchell Jacksonville,    Fla 8 

Feb.  21,  1896 Bob    Fitzsimmons Peter  Maher Mexico   1 

March   17,    1897 Bob    Fitzsimmons James  J.   Corbett Carson    City,    Nev 14 

June   9,   1899 James   J.    Jeffries Bob    Fitzsimmons Coney  Island,   N.    Y 11 

Nov.   3,   1899 James   J.    Jeffries Thomas  J.   Sharkey Coney    Island,    N.    Y 25 

Nov.    15,    1901 James  J.   Jeffries Gus   Ruhlin San    Francisco,    Cal 

July  25,  1902 James  J.   Jeffries Bob    Fitzsimmons San    Francisco,    Cal 

Aug.    14,   1903 James  J.   Jeffries James  J.    Corbett San    Irancisco,    Cnl 1 

Aug.   26,    1904 James  J.  Jeffries Jack    Monroe San    Francisco,    Cal 

July   4,    1907 Tommy  Burns Bill    Squires San    Francisco,    Cal 

July  17,  1907 Jack    Johnson Bob    Fitzsimmons Philadelphia,     Pa 

Feb.  10.  1908 Tommy   Burns Jack    Palmer London,  England 

Dec.    26,    1908 Jack    Johnson Tommy   Burns Sydney,    N.    S.    W 14 

March   26,    1909 Stanley  Ketchel Jack   O'Brien New   York,    N.   Y 10 

July  5,  1909 Stanley  Ketchel Billy    Papke San   Francisco,    Cal 20 

Sept.  9,  1909 Jack    Johnson Al     Kaufman San    Francisco,    Cal 10 

Oct.  16,  1909 i Jack    Johnson Stanley  Ketchel San    Francisco,    Cal 12 

July   4,    1910 Jack    Johnson James  J.   Jeffries Reno,    Nev IB 

Sept.  5,  1910 Al    Kaufman Bill   Lang Philadelphia,     Pa 6 

Feb.    21,    1911  Sam   Langford Bill   Lang London,     England 6 

Aug.   9,   1911 Bill  Lang Bill    Squires Sydney,   N.   S.  W 5 

Sept.  15,  1911 Jim  Flynn Carl    Morris New   York.   N.   Y 10 

April  8,  1912 Sam  Langford Sam    McVey Sydney,    N.    S.   W 20 

July  4,  1912 Jack    Johnson Jim   Flynn Las  Vegas,  N.  M 9 

Jan.  1,  1913 Luther    McCarty Al  Palzer Los  Angeles,   Cal 18 

April  16,  1913 Luther    McCarty Jim   Flynn Philadelphia,   Pa 6 

May  24,  1913 Arthur    Pelkey *Luther    McCarty Calgary.    Man 1 

Jan.    1,    1914.. "Gunboat"    Smith Arthur    Pelkey Daly  City,  Cal.., 16 

June   27,    1914 Jack    Johnson Frank  Moran Paris,    France 20 

July  16,    1914 Georges    Carpentier.... "Gunboat"  Smith London,  England « 

April  5,  1915 Jess    Willard Jack    Johnson Marianao,   Cuba 26 

March    25.    1916 Jess    Willard Frank    Moran New    York.    N.    Y 10 

June  4,  1917 Carl  Morris Frank  Moran New  York.  N.  Y 10 

June  19.  1917 Fred    Fulton Sam  Langford Boston.    Mass... 7 

July  9.  1917 Fred    Fulton Jack  Moran St.    Louis.    Mo 3 

Sept.  4.  1917 Fred    Fulton Carl  Morris Canton.    0 6 

Feb.  25.  1918 Jack  Dempsey Bill   Brennan Milwaukee.  Wis 6 

May  3.  1918 Jack  Dempsey Bill  Miske St.  Paul.  Minn 10 

July  27,  1918 Jack  Dempsey Fred  Fulton Harrison,  N.  J «...  1 

July  4,  1919 Jack  Dempsey Jess  Willard Toledo,  0 3 

ApHl  30,  1901 Terry   McGovern Oscar    Gardner . San    Francisco,    Cal 4 

May  31,   1901 Terry   McGovern Aurelio  Herrera San   Francisco,    Cal 5 

Nov.  28.  1901 Young    Corbett Terry    McGovern Hartford,    Conn 2 

Feb.  22,  1902 Terry   McGovern Dave  Sullivan Louisville,    Ky 15 

May  23,  1902 Young    Corbett Kid   Broad Denver,    Col 10 

March   31.    1903 Young    Corbett Terry    McGovern San    Francisco,    Cal 11 

July  4.  1903 George   Gardner Jack    Root Buffalo.   N.   Y 12 

Nov.    25,   1903 Bob    Fitzsimmons George    Gardner San    Francisco,    Cal 20 

Feb.   29,    1904 Young    Corbett Dave  Sullivan San    Francisco,    Cal 11 

March   25,    1904 Jimmy    Britt Young    Corbett San    Francisco,    Cal 20 

July    29,    1904 Battling   Nelson Eddie    Hanlon San    Francisco.    Cal 19 

Feb.  28,1905 Battling   Nelson Young    Corbett San    Francisco,    Cal 9 

Sept.  9,  1905 Battling   Nelson Jimmy    Britt Colma.    Cal 18 

Sept.   3,  1906 Joe    Gans Battling  Nelson Ooldtield,  Nev , 42 

Jan.    1,    1907 Joe    Gans Kid    Herman Tonopah,    Nev 8 

July  31,  1907 Jimmy    Britt Battling   Nelson San   Francisco,    Cal 20 

Sept.  9,  1907...... Joe    Gans Jimmy  Britt San    Francisco,    Cal 5 

Feb.   4,    1908. Rudolph   Unholz Battling  Nelson Los  Angeles,    Cal 10 

April  11,  1908 Packey    McFarland.... Jimmy  Britt San   Francisco,    Cal 6 

June  4,   1908 Stanley  Ketchel Billy    Papke Milwaukee,  Wis 10 

July   4,    1908 Battling   Nelson Joe    Gans San    Francisco,    Cal 17 

Sept.  7,  1908 Billy    Papke Stanley  Ketchel Los  Angeles,  Cal 12 

Sept.  9,  1908 Battling    Nelson Joe    Gans San    Francisco,    Cal 21 

Jan.  15.  1909 Packey    McFarland.... Dick    Hyland Sam    Francisco,    Cal 10 

Feb.  19,  1909 Jem    Driscoll Abe    Attell New  York,   N.  Y 10 

Feb.  22,  1909 Johnny    Summers Jimmy  Britt London,     England 20 

May  29,   1909 Battling  Nelson Dick    Hyland San    Francisco,    Cal 23 

Feb.  22.  1910 Ad    Wolgast ..Battling   Nelson San    Francisco,    Cal 40 

Feb.  26,  1911 Johnny   Coulon Frankie    Conley New  Orleans,   La 20 

July  4,  1911 Ad    Wolgast Owen    Moran San    Francisco,    Cal 13 

Sept.  20.  1911 Matt  Wells Abe  Attell Vow  York,   N.  Y 10 

Jan.  11,  1912 Johnny   Coulon George  Kitson South   Bend,    Ind S 
an.  22,  1912 Johnny  Coulon Harry  Forbes Kenosha,    Wis 3 

Feb.  3.  1912 Johnny   Coulon Frank  Conley Los   Angeles,   Cal 20 

Feb.  14,  1912 Packey    McFarland.... Eddie   Murphy South  Bend,  Ind 10 

Feb.  18,  1912 Johnny  Coulon Frankie    Burns New  Orleans,   La 20 

"{.  1912 Johnny  Kilbane.. Abe  Attell Los  Angeles,   Cal 20 


438 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Date.  Winner.  Loser.  Place.  Rounds. 

March   15,    1912 Packey    McFarland....Kid  Burns Kenosha,    Wis 8 

April  26,  1912 Packey    McFarland....Matt   Wells New   York,   N.    Y 19 

July  4,  1912 Ad    Wolgast Joe   Rivers Los   Angeles,   Cal ,...13 

Oct.  23,  1912 Billy    Papke Georges    Carpentier.... Paris,    France 17 

March  7,  1913 Packey    McFarland Jack    Britton., New    York,    N.    Y 10 

April  19,  1913 T.    Murphy Ad    Wolgast San    Francisco,    Cal 20 

July   4,    1913 Willie   Ritchie Joe  Rivers San    Francisco,    Cal 11 

March   12,    1914 Willie   Ritchie Ad  Wolgast Milwaukee,     Wis 10 

April   17,    1914 Willie  Ritchie Tom    Murphy San    Francisco,    Cal 28 

May   26.    1914 Charley    White Willie   Ritchie Milwaukee,    Wis 10 

June   9.   1914 Kid    Williams Johnny    Coulon Los   Angeles,    Cal 3 

July  7,  1914 Freddie    Welsh Willie  Ritchie London,  England 20 

Jan.  21,  1915 Mike    Gibbons Jimmy  Clabby Milwaukee,   Wis 10 

Feb.    25,    1915 Freddie    Welsh Charley    White .Milwaukee,   Wis 10 

March   2,    1915... Mike    Gibbons Eddie  McGoorty Hudson,    Wis 10 

March   11.    1915 Willie   Ritchie Freddie    Welsh New    York,    N.    Y 10 

Sept.  10.   1915 tJohnny   Ertle Kid  Williams St.    Paul,    Minn 10 

Sept.  11,  1915 tPackey    McFarland... Mike    Gibbons Brighton  Beach,  N.   Y 10 

Feb.    7,    1916 $Kid    Williams Kid    Herman Now     Orleans.     La 20 

April    24,    1916...: Ever    Hammer Freddie    Welsh Milwaukee,     Wis 10 

April    24,    1916 Jack   Britton. ..< Ted  Lewis New    Orleans,    La 20 

Aug.   1,   1916 Johnny    O'Leary Ever  Hammer Boston,     Mass 12 

Sept.    4,    1916 Freddie    Welsh Charley    White Colorado    Springs,    Col 20 

Jan.  16.  1917 tRichie  Mitchell Freddie  Welsh Milwaukee.  Wis 10 

April  19,  1917 Benny  Leonard Richie  Mitchell Milwaukee,    Wis 7 

May  28.   1917 Benny  Leonard Freddie   Welsh New   York.   N.   Y 9 

July  25,  1917 Benny  Leonard Johnny  Kilbane Philadelphia,   Pa 3 

April  2S,    1919 -....  Benny  Leonard Willie  Ritchie Newark,   N.   J 8 

•Luther  McCarty  died  in  the  ring-  from  dislocation  of  the  neck  caused  by  a  Wow  on  th» 
jaw.     tNo  decision.     Winners  uamed  by  majority  of  experts.     JFight  a  draw. 


JACK  DEMPSET  VS.  JESS  WILLAED. 
Time  and  place— July  4.  1919.  at  Toledo.  O. 
Winner  and  rounds— Jack  Dempsey,  challenger, 

in   three  rounds. 

Loser— Jess   Willard.    champion  heavyweight. 
Purse— SI 00.000  to  Willard;  $27.500  to  Demp- 
sey;  picture  rights  to  be  shared  by  boxers 
and  Tex  Rickard. 
Referee— Ollie  Pecord.  Toledo.  O. 
Judges— Tex  Rickard  and  Maj.  A.  J.  Biddle. 
Attendance— 19.650. 
Receipts— $452.522.10. 

The  conditions  of  the  contest  called  for 
twelve  rounds  to  a  decision.  Willard  was 
almost  put  out  in  the  first  round,  but  was  able 
to  resume.  According  to  Referee  Pecord  Wil- 
lard was  knocked  down  five  times  before  he 
grave  up  as  the  fourth  round  was  about  to 
begin.  The  following  table  shows  age,  weight, 
height,  reach  and  other  details  of  the  men: 
Willard.  Dempsey. 

35 Age    23 

243% Weight    197 

6  ft.  6  in Height  6  ft.  1%  in. 

83  in Reach  78  in. 

46   in Chest    (normal)    42  in. 

49%  in Chest    (expanded)    46  in. 

17%  in Neck   17  in. 

38  in Waist  32  in.' 

25  in Thigh  23  in. 

17%,  in Calf  15  in. 

9   in Ankle    ......9  in. 


16  in Biceps 

14  in Forearm 

8%  in...  .    Wrist    . 


.14  in. 
.14  in. 
,.9  in. 


A.   E.  F.  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

The  winners  of  championship  honors  in  box- 
ing   in    the    American    expeditionary    force    in 
France   and   Germany   were  determined  by  the 
outcome   of    the    final    matches    which     were 
staged  in  the  Cirque  de  Paris.   Paris,   France, 
April   26.    1919.     The   following  were  awarded 
the  title  in  various  classes: 
Featherweight— John   Fundy,    Pittsburgh.    Pa. 
Bantamweight— "Babe"   Asher.   Detroit,   Mich. 
Lightweight — Leo  Patterson,   Joplin.  Mo. 
Welterweight  —  William    Kleck.    New    Orleans, 

La. 

Middleweight— John  Clark.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Light  Heavyweight — Eugene  Tunny,  New  York, 

Heavyweisrht— Robert  Martin.  New  York.  N.  Y. 


YACHTING. 

THE    AMERICA'S   CUP. 
Record  of  Races. 

1851 — Aug.  22.  In  this,  the  year  of  the  great  exhi- 
bition in  London,  the  Royal  Yacht  Club  of  Eng- 
land offered  a  cup  to  the  winner  of  a  yacht 
race  around  the  Isle  of  Wight.  The  course 
was  60  miles  in  length.  The  race  was  won  by  the 
schooner  yacht  America,  designed  by  George 
Steers  for  John  C.  Stevens  of  the  New  York 
Yacht  club.  The  America  was  94  feet  over  all. 
88  feet  on  the  water  line,  22^  feet  beam  and 
11^4  feet  draft.  There  was  no  time  allowance 
and  the  competing  yachts  ranged  in  size  from 
a  three-masted  392-ton  schooner,  the  Brilliant, 
to  the  47-ton  cutter  the  Aurora,  which  came 
in  second  in  the  race.  The  time  of  the  Amer- 
ica was  10  hours  and  34  minutes:  that  of  the 
Aurora  was  24  minutes  slower.  The  cup  after 
that  became  known  as  the  America's  cup  and 
has  now  been  successfully  defended  for  sixty- 
right  years. 

1870— Aug.  8.  New  York  Yacht  club  course; 
Magic.  3:58:21:  Cambria.  4:37:38. 

1871— Oct.  16,  New  York  Yacht  club  course:  Co- 
lumbia. 6:19:41:  Livonia.  6:46:45.  Oct.  18,  20 
miles  to  windward  off  Sandy  Hook  and  return i 
Columbia,  3:07:41%;  Livonia.  3:18:15%.  Colum- 
bia disabled  in  third  race  Oct.  19.  Oct.  21.  20 
miles  to  windward  off  Sandy  Hook  and  return: 
Sappho.  5:39:02;  Livonia.  6:09:23.  Oct.  23.  New 
York  Yacht  club  course:  Sappho.  4:16:17;  Li- 
vonia. 5:11:55. 

1876— Aug.  11,  New  York  Yacht  club  course: 
Madeleine,  5:23:54;  Countess  of  Dufferin,  5:34:53, 
Aug.  12,  20  miles  to  windward  off  Sandy  Hook 
and  return:  Madeleine,  7:18:46;  Countess  of 
Dufferin,  7:46:00. 

1881— Nov.  9.  New  York  Yacht  club  course:  Mis- 
chief. 4:17:00;  Atalanta.  4:45:391xl.  Nov.  10.  16 
miles  to  leeward  off  Sandy  Hook  and  return; 
Mischief,  4:54:53;  Atalanta.  5:33:47. 

1885— Sept.  14.  New  York  Yacht  club  course! 
Puritan.  6:06:05;  Genesta.  6:22:24.  Sept.  16.  20 
miles  to  leeward  off  Sandy  Hook  light  and  re- 
turn: Puritan,  5:03:14;  Genesta.  5:04:52. 

1886— Sept.  9,  New  York  Yacht  club  course:  May- 
flower. 5:26:41;  Galatea.  5:38:43.  Sept.  11,  20 
miles  to  leeward  off  Sandy  Hook  light  and  re- 
turn: Mayflower,  6:49:10:  Galatea.  7:18:09. 

1887— Sept.  27,  New  York  Yncht  club  course:  Vol- 
unteer. 4:53:18;  Thistle.  5:12:41%.  Sept.  30.  20 
miles  to  windward  off  Scotland  light  and  re- 
turn: Volunteer.  5:42:5614;  Thistle,  5:54:45. 

1893— Oct.    7.    15   miles    to   windward   off   Sandy 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


439 


Hook  light  and  return:  Vigilant.  4:05:47:  Val- 
kyrie. 4:11:35.  Oct.  9,  triangular  30-mile  course, 
first  leg  to  windward:  Vigilant.  3:25:01:  Val- 
kyrie. 3:35:36.  Oct.  13.  15  miles  to  windward  off 
Sandy  Hook  light  an*  return:  Vigilant,  3:24:39; 
Valkyrie.  3:25:19. 

1895— Sept.  7,  15  miles  to  windward  and  return, 
east  by  south  off  Point  Seabright,  N.  J.:  De- 
fender. 4:57:55:  Valkyrie  III..  5:08:44.  Sept.  11. 
triangular  course.  10  miles  to  each  leg:  Val- 
kyrie III..  3:55:09;  Defender.  3:55:56;  won  by 
Defender  on  a  foal.  Sept.  13  Defender  sailed 
over  the  course  and  claimed  cup  and  race; 
claim  allowed. 

1899— Oct.  16,  15  miles  to  windward  and  return, 
off  Sandy  Hook:  Columbia.  4:53:53;  Shamrock. 
5:04:07.  Oct.  17,  triangular  course.  10  miles  to 
a  leg:  Columbia.  3:37:00;  Shamrock  snapped  its 
topmast.  Oct.  20,  15  miles  to  leeward  and  re- 
turn: Columbia.  3:38:09:  Shamrock,  3:43:26. 
1901 — Sept.  28,  15  miles  to  windward  "and  return, 
off  Sandy  Hook:  Columbia,  4:30:24;  Shamrock 
II.,  4:31:44.  Oct.  3.  triangular  course:  Colum- 
bia. 3:12:35;  Shamrock  II..  3:16:10.  Oct.  4.  15 
miles  to  leeward  and  neturn;  Columbia.  4:32:57; 
Shamrock  II.,  4:33:38. 

1903 — Aug.  22,  15  miles  to  leeward  and  return,  off 
Sandy  Hook:    Reliance,  3:31:17;  Shamrock  III.. 
3:41:17.    Aug.  25.   triangular  course,   10  miles  to 
leg:    Reliance,    3:14:54;    Shamrock   III..   3:18:10. 
Sept.  3,  15  miles  to  windwnrd  and  return:    Re- 
liance. 4:28:04;  Shamrock  III.  did  not  finish. 
Owing:  mainly  to  a  disagreement  as  to  the 
proper  size  of  the  competing1  yachts  no  races 
were    arranged    after    1903    until    1913.    when 
an   agreement  was  reached,  between   the  New 
York  Yacht   club   and   the  Royal  Ulster  club 
to  hold  a  race  in  1914.    Sir  Thomas  Lipton 
sent  over  the  Shamrock  IV.  as  challenger  for 
the  cup,  but  the  great  war  in  Europe  put   a 
stop    to    all   further   proceeding's   until   Oct.   5. 
1919,  when  Sir  Thomas  renewed  the  challenge 
for  a  race  in  1920.  which  it  was  then  thought 
would  be -accepted  by   the  New  York  Yacht 
club. 

THE  LIPTON  CUP. 

Record  of   Winners. 

1902— La  Rita,   Chicago. 


1909— Spray,   Chicago. 
1910— Spray»,    Chicago. 
1911— Columbia,  Chicago. 
1912— Susan  II.,  Chicago. 
1913— Susan  II.,  Chicago. 
1914,  1915.  1916,  no  race. 
1917— Mebleh,  Cleveland. 
1918— No  race. 
la!9— Sari,    Chicago. 


Time. 
.1:45:50 
.1:49:03 


1903— La  Rita,  Chicago. 
1904— Ste.Claire,  Detroit. 
IPOfi— ste.Claire,  Detroit. 
1905— Cherry  Circle, 

Chicago. 
1907— Cherry    Circle, 

Chicago. 
1908— Chicago,     Chicago. 

THE   LIPTON  TROPHY. 
Record  of   Winners. 

Winner.  Time.  I      Winner. 

1910— Valmore  ....3:24:10  I  1913— Polaris 
1911— Valmore  ....2:35:28  I  1914— Valiant 
1912— Michicago... 2:45:05  I  1315-1919— No   races. 
SIR  JOHN   NUTTING  CUP. 

Record  of   Winners. 
1906— Pequod.  1912— Invader. 

1907 — Pequod.  1913 — No  race. 

1908— No  race.  1914— No  race. 

1909— Sand  Dab.  1915— Banshee. 

1910— Invader.  1916— Banshee. 

1911— Invader.  I3l7-l9i9— No   races. 

MACKINAC  CUP   RACE. 

The  Chicago  Yacht  club  suspended  racing  in  1917 
and  1918  on  account  of  war  and,  did  not  renew  it 
in  1919.  Winners  of  the  Mackinac  race  to  date: 


1904— Vencedor. 
1905— Mistral. 
1906— Vanadis. 
1907— Vencedor. 
1908— Valmore. 
1909— Valmore. 
1910— Valmore. 

*To  1'etuskey.   Mich. 

The  best  record  to  Mackinac  island,  28:21:51  for 
the  331  miles,  was  made  by  the  Mavourneen  in 
1911. 


1911— Mavourneen. 
1912— Polaris. 
1913— Olympian.* 
1914— Olympian. 
1915— Leda. 
)  916— Intrepid. 
1*17-1919— No    races. 


4:53:02 


TRISTATE  RACE  WINNERS. 
1912— Michicago.  I  1915— Josephine. 

1913— Michicago.  1916— Aiiuieuk. 

1914r-No  race.  1 1917-1919— No  races 

MICHIGAN    CITY   RACE. 

Aug.  30,  1919. 
25  Foot  Sloops  and  Small  Yawls. 

Start  10  A.  M. 

Name.  Clubs.  Finish.  Elapsed.  Corrected. 
Diamond  ...L.P.  2:42:47  4:42:47  3:46:47 
Dolphson  ..L.P.  3:28:49  5:28:40  4:54:52 

Quest    L.P Disabled 

SO  Foot  Sloops  and  35   Foot  Yawls. 

Start   lO.-JfS   A.   M. 
Valkyrie  ....J.P.     3:12:16     5:07:16 
Chaperon  ...J.P.     3:24:05     5:19:05 

Pilot     J.P 

St.   Claire. ..LJP 

Neogra    J.P.     2:58:02 

Omoo    J.P.     3:06:38 

21  Foot  Raceabout  Class. 

Invader   . . .  .L.P 

Lipton    Class.     Start, 
Edith  n.    ...J.P.     2:41:35 

Spray   J.P.     2:43:16      , 

Cherry    J.P Disabled 

35  Foot  Sloops.    Start,  10:20  A.  M. 
Larikin    ....L.P.     2:43:36     4:23:36     4:15:53 
Intrepid    ....J.P.     2:44:03     4:24:03     4:23:03 

Illinois    L.P.     3:01:25     4:41:25     4:30:04 

Prairie    J.P Disabled 

INTERLAKE  YACHTING  ASSOCIATION. 
Class  winners  for  sailing1   season   at   Put-in- 
Bay,   O..  ending1  July  18,   1919: 

Class  Q— Arvia,  Buffalo  Yacht  club.  Class  F — 
Camille,  Detroit  Country  club.  Yawls— June. 
Detroit  Boat  club.  Class  J — Spook.  Cleveland 
Yacht  club.  Star  class— Shadow,  Toledo  Yacht 
club.  Privately  owned  catboats— Tifco,  Toledo 
Yacht  club.  Class  R— Mebleh.  Cleveland  Yacht 
club. 

LINCOLN  PARK  T.  C.  OPEN  REGATTA. 

Sept.  13,  1919. 
20  Foot  Sloops.   Start  2:00. 
Name.      Clubs.      Finish.     Elapsed.  Corrected. 
Diamond    ...L.P.      3:49:00 
Hondhon    .Chgo.    ,4:23:00 


4:32:25 
4:50:14 
Disabled 
Disabled 
4 :44 :14 

5:01:38  Disq'fled 
Start  10:10  A.  M. 

Disabled 

10:15  A.  M. 

4:26:35     3:55:14 

4:28:16     3:57:21 


1:49:00     1:34:11 
2:23:00     2:23:00 


.un      .  v/u&u*        rr  .^o  iw        -- -  -  - 

Yawls  and  Schooners.    Start  2:05. 

Omoo    J.P.     4:08:50     2:03:50     1:59:41 

Dolphin   ....L.P.     4:20:00     2:15:00     2:06:01 

Raceabouts.     Start    2:10. 
Invader    ....L.P.     3:49:20     1:39:20 

Rival    L.P.     3:54:25     1:44:25     3 

21  Foot  Cabin  Class.  Start  2:15. 

Edith    n J.P.     3:53:40     1:38:40     1:30:09 

Spray  J.P.     3:59:07     1:44:07     1:35:56 

SO  Foot  Sloops.  Start  2:15. 
Mildred  II..  J.P.  3:52:10  1:37:10 
Chaperon,  ..J.P.  3:53:00  1:38:00 

Sari   L.P.     4:04:40     1:49:40 

Valkyrie   ....J.P.     4:08:02     1:53:02 

35  Foot  Sloops.  Start  2:20. 

Intrepid    ....J.P.     3:54:40     1:34:40 

Illinois    L.P.     3:56:40     1:36:40 

Larikin    Col.     3:58:40     1:38:40 


1:27:23 
1 :31 :38 


1 :28 :25 
1 :30 :54 
1:39:07 
1:43:49 


Mavourneen  J.P.     4:06:45     1:46:45 


1 :34 :40 
1:33:40 
1:36:35 
1 :45 :33 


ROWING. 

HARVARD- YALE    RACES. 

University  Eights.  Loser's 

Year.  Winner.  Time.  time. 

1876— Yale    22:02  22:33 

1877— Harvard  24:36  24:44 

1878— Harvard   20:44%  21:29 

1879— Harvard  22:15  23:58 

1880— Yale    24:27  25:09 

1881-- Yale    22:13  22:19 

1882— Harvard   20:47  20:50^ 

1883— Harvard   24:26  25:59 

1884— Yale   20:31  20:46 

1885— Harvard  25:15^  26:30 


440 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


Loser's 
Year.  Winner.  Time.          time. 

1886— Yale     20:41%        21:05% 

1887— Yale     22:56  23:14% 

1888— Yale     20:10  21:24 

1889— Yale     21:30  21:55 

1890— Yale 21:29  21:40 

1891— Harvard 21:23  21:57 

1892— Yale    20:48  21:40 

1893— Yale   25:01%        25:15 

1894— Yale   22:47  24:40 

1895— Yale    21:30  25:15 

1899— Harvard  20:52%       21:13 

1900— Yale   21:12%        21:37% 

1901— Yale   23:37  23:45 

1902— Yale   20:20  20:33 

1903— Yale  * 20:19%       20:29% 

1904— Yale  21:40%       22:10 

1905— Yale   22:33%        22:36 

1906— Harvard  23:02  23:11 

1907— Yale   21:10  21:13 

1908— Harvard  24:10  * 

1909— Harvard   21:50  22:10 

1910—  Harvard   20:46%        21:04 

1911— Harvard  22:44  23:40 

1912— Harvard   21:43%        22:04 

1913— Harvard  21:42  22:20 

1914— Yale   21:16  21:16% 

1915-Yale    20:52  .21:13% 

1916— Harvard    20:02  20:17 

1917 — No  racing  on  account  of  war. 

1918— Harvard!    10:58          11:04 

1919— Yale    -...21:42%       21:47% 

•Time  not  taken.    Yale  stroke  onr  collapsed  nt 

end  of  2%  miles.  tWartime  substitute  race  on 
2-mile  course  on  the  Housatonic  river  near  New 
Haven.  Conn.  t 

Of  the  above  races  the  first  two  were  rowed  on 
the  Springfield  (Mass.)  course  and  the  remainder 
(except  the  1918  race)  on  the  New  London  course, 
which  is  four  miles  straightaway.  There  were 
no  dual  races  in  1896.  1897  and  1898.  The  Har- 
vard-Yale frt-shman  and  junior  varsity  races  are 
rowed  at  the  same  time  and  place  as  the  eight 
oared  races. 

Harvard-Tale    Freshman    Eights. 

Two  miles.  Loser's 

Year.  Winner.  Time.  time. 

1901— Yale     10:37%  10:58 

1902— Dead  heat 10:13  10:13 

1903— Yale   9:43%          9:48% 

1904— Yale    10:20  10:20% 

1905—  Harvard  9:59  10:04 

3906— Yale   10:39%  10:41 

1907— Harvard     11:15  11:19 

1908— Harvard  9:38%         9:47% 

1909— Harvard    11:32  12:09 

1910— Harvard  11:54%  12:02 

1911— Yale    11:53  11:59% 

1912— Harvard   10:52  10:54% 

1913— Harvard  10:41  10:45 

1914— Harvard  i 11:49  12:04 

1915— Yale    (1%   miles) 8:06  8:10 

1916— Harvard    10:36%  10:39 

1917  and  1918 — No  racing  on  account  of  war. 

1919— Harvard    10:36  10:37% 

Harvard-Tale  Junior  Eights. 

Two  miles.  Loser's 

Year.  Winner.  Time.  time. 

1901— Harvard  11:49VR  12:02% 

1902— Harvard     11:19%  11:25% 

1903— Yale     10:59%  11:10% 

1904— Harvard  12:12  12:15 

1905— Harvard  11:22  11:27 

1906— Yale     12:15  12:21 

1907— Yale 12:33  13:15 

1908— Yale    10:33%  10:43 

1909— Harvard    13:14  13:23 

1910— Harvard     13:02%  13:18 

1911— Harvard   13:37%  13:52 

1912— Harvard  11:24  11:55 

1913— Harvard     .   11:52  12:11 

1914— Harvard   11:34  12«:02 

1915— Yale 10:40  10:43 

1916— Harvard     10:25  10:27 

1917  nnd  1918— No  racing  on  account  of  war. 

1919— Harvard    10:40%  10:41% 


INTERUNIVERSITY    RACES. 

University   Eight    Oared. 

In  1898  the  race  took  place  on  Saratoga  lake 
over  a  three  mile  course:  the  other  contests 
were  on  the  four  mile  course  at  Poughkeepsie. 

June  26.  1896— (1)  Cornell.  19:59:  (2)  Harvard. 
20:08:  (3)  Pennsylvania.  20:18:  (4)  Columbia. 
21:25. 


July  2.  1898— (1)  Pennsylvania.  15:51%;  (2)  Cor- 
nell. 16:06:  (3)  Wisconsin.  16:10:  (4)  Columbia. 

June  27.  1899— (1)  Pennsylvania.  20:04:  (2)  Wis- 
consin. 20:05%:  (3)  Cornell.  20:13:  (4)  Colum- 
bia. 20:20. 

June  30.  1900— (1)  Pennsylvania.  19:44%;  (2)  Wis- 
consin. 19:46%:  (3)  Cornell.  20:04%:  (4)  Colum- 
bia.  20:08%:  (5)  Georgetown.  20:19%. 

Jul/  2.  W°l-(l)  Cornell.  18:53%;  (2)  Columbia. 
18:58:  (3)  Wisconsin.  19:06%;  (4)  Georgetown. 
19:21;  (5)  Syracuse,  distanced:  (6)  Pennsyl- 
vania, distanced. 

June  21.  1902— (1)  Cornell.  19:05%:  (2)  Wisconein. 
19:13%;  (3)  Columbia.  19:is-^;  (4)  Pennsylvania. 
19:26;  (5)  Syracuse.  19:31%;  (6)  Georgetown. 
19:32. 

June  26.  1903— (1)  Cornell.  18:57;  (2)  Georgetown. 
\l:ZJL  <3)  Wisconsin.  19:29%:  (4)  Pennsylvania. 
19-54  Syracuse.  19:36%;  (6)  Columbia. 

June  28.  1904— (1)  Syracuse.  20:22%:  (2)  Cornell. 
20:31%;  (3)  Pennsylvania.  20:32%;  (4)  Columbia. 
20:45%;  (5)  Georgetown.  20:52%;  (6)  Wisconsin. 

June  28.'  1905— (1)  Cornell.  20:29%;  (2)  Svracuse. 
21:47%:  (3)  Georgetown.  21:49:  (4)  Columbia 
8in5322-06%  PeDDSylvania-  21:59%!  (6)  Wisconl 

June'  23.'  1906— (1)  Cornell.  19:36%:  (2)  Pennsyl- 
vania. 19:43%;  (3)  Syracuse.  19:45%:  (4)  Wis- 
consin. 20:13%:  (5)  Columbia.  20:18%;  (6) 
Georgetown.  20:35. 

June  26.  1907— (1)  Cornell.  20:02%;  (2)  Columbia. 
20:04:  (3)  Navy.  20:13%;  (4)  Pennsylvania! 
20:33%:  (5)  Wisconsin  (no  time):  (6)  George- 
town (no  time);  (7)  Syracuse  (shell  snnk). 

June  27.  1908— (1)  Syracuse.  19:34%;  (2)  Columbia 
19:35%:  (3)  Cornell.  19:39:  (4)  Pennsylvania. 
19:52%;  (5)  Wisconsin.  20:00%. 

July  2.  1909— (l)  Cornell.  19:02;  (2)  Columbia 
19:04%;  (3)  Syracuse.  19:15%;  (4)  Wisconsin. 
19:24%;  (5)  Pennsylvania.  19:32%. 

June  26.  1910— (1)  Cornell.  20:42%:  (2)  Pennsyl- 
vania. 20:44%;  (31  Columbia.  20:54%;  (4)  Syra- 
cuse.  21:13:  (5)  Wisconsin  21:15% 

June  27.  1911— (l)  Cornell.  20:10%;  (2)  Columbia 
20:16%;  (3)  Pennsylvania.  20:33;  (4)  Wisconsin' 
20:34;  (5)  Syracuse.  21:03%. 

June  29.  1912— (1)  Cornell.  19:21%;  (2)  Wisconsin. 
19:25:  (3)  Columbia.  19:41%:  (4)  Syracuse  19:47: 
(5)  Pennsylvania.  19:55;  (6)  Stanford.  20:25. 

June  21.  1913— (1)  Syracuse.  19:28%:  (2>  Cornell. 
19:31:  (3)  Washington.  19:33:  (4)  Wisconsin 
19:36:  (5)  Columbia.  19:38%;  (6)  Pennsylvania. 

June  26."l9l4— (1)  Columbia.  19:37%:  (2)  Pennsyl- 
vania. 19:41;  (3)  Cornell,  19:44^:  (4)  Syracuse. 
19:59%;  (5)  Washington.  20:01%:  (6)  Wiscon- 
sin. 20:20. 

Jnne  28.  1915—  m  Cornell.  20:36%;  (2)  Leland 
Stanford.  20:37%;  (3)  Syracuse.  20:43%;  (4) 
Columbia.  21:00;  (5)  Pennsylvania.  21:10%. 

June  17.  1916—  fl)  Syracuse.  20:15%:  (2)  Cornell. 
20:22%;  (3)  Columbia,  20:41%;  (4)  Pennsylva- 
nia, 20:52%. 

1917,  1918  and  1919— No  races. 

Four   Oared   P""e8. 
Poughkeepsie  course,   two  miles. 
July    2.    1901— (I)    Cornell.    11:39%:    (2)    Pennsyl- 
vania.   11:45%:    (3)    Columbia.    11:51%. 
Tnne    21.    1902— (1)    Cornell.    10:43%:    (2)    Pennsyl- 

vania.    10:54%:    (3)   Columbia.    11:08. 
June  26.  1903— (1)  Cornell.  10:34:  (2)  Pennsylvania. 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


441 


10:35%;    (3)    Wisconsin.    10:55%;    (4)    Columbia. 

June^S.    1904—  (1)   Cornell.   10:53%:    (2)   Colombia. 

11-12%:    (3)    Pennsylvania.    11:15%:    (4)    Wiscon- 

sin,   11:18%:    (5)   Georgetown.   11:34%. 
June   28.    1905—  (1)    Syracuse.    10:15%:    (2)    Cornell. 

10:17%;    (3)    Pennsylvania.    10:33%:    vi)    Colum- 

bia    io'to:    (5)   Wisconsin.   10:52. 
June'  28.    1906—  (1)    Cornoll.    10:34:     (2)    Syracuse. 

10:48%:   (3)   Columbia.  10:55%:   (4)  Pennsylvania. 

June°626.'  1907—  (1)    Syracuse.    10:37ys:    (2)    Cornell. 

10:40;     (3)    Pennsylvania.    10:49;    (4)    Columbia. 

10:59%. 
June  27.  1908—  (1)  Syracuse.  10:52%:   (2)  Columbia. 

11:06%;   (3)  Pennsylvania  (disqualified  for  foul). 

10:57%.     (Cornell  did   not  finish.) 
July    2.     1909  —  (1)     Cornell.     10:01:     (2)     Syracuse. 

10:10:     (3)    Columbia,    10:12:    (4)    Pennsylvania. 

10:27. 


. 

June    26.    1910—  (1)    Cornell.    11:37%:    (2)    Syracuse. 
.  ll:48lf.;  (4) 

19-92 

" 


. 
11:43%:  (3)  Columbia. 


Pennsylvania. 


June   2"?.    1911—  (1)    Cornell:    (2)    Syracuse:    (3)    Co- 
lumbia:    (4)    Pennsylvania.        No    official    time 

June  29*.  1912—  (1)   Cornell.  10:34y5;   (2)   Columbia, 

10:41%:   (3)  Syracuse.   10:58%:   (4)   Pennsylvania. 

11:23%. 
June    21.    1913—  (1)    Cornoll.    10:47%:    (2)    Pennsyl- 

vania.   10:52%:    (3)    Columbia.    10:54%:    (4)    Wis- 

consin.    10:58%:     (5)     Washington.     12:08%;     (6) 

Syracuse   (no  time  taken). 
June   26.   1914—  (1)    Cornell.    11:15%:    (2)   Columbia. 

11:25%:   (3)  Pennsylvania.  11:33%:   (4)   Syracuse. 

11  *5o4^ 

(Four"  oared    event    discontinued   after   1914.) 

Junior  Elahts. 

Poughkeepsie   course,    two   miles. 
June  28,   1913—  (1)    Cornell.   10:00y5;    (2)    Pennsyl- 

vania,   10:05,    (3)    Columbia,   10:07%. 
June   17,    1916—  (11    Syracuse,    Il:15y2;    (2)    Cornell, 
11:20;    (3)    Columbia,   11:21;    (4)    Pennsylvania, 
12:06%. 
1917,  1918  and  1919—  No  races. 

University  Freshman  Eiahts. 

Poughkeepsie  course,   two  miles. 

June  30,  1900—  (1)  Wisconsin,  9:45%;   (2)   Pennsyl- 

vania.  9:54%;   (3)   Cornell.   9:55%;   (4)   Columbia. 

10:08. 
July  2,  1901—  (1)   Pennsylvania.  10:20%;    (2)   Cor- 

nell.  10:23:   (3)   Columbia.  10:36ys:   (4)   Syracuse. 

10:44. 
June   21.    1902—  (1)    Cornell.    9:34%;    (2)    Wisconsin. 

9:42%;    (3)    Columbia.    9:49:    (4)    Syracuse.    9:53; 

(5)    Pennsylvania.    10:05. 
June    26.     1903—  (1)    Cornell.     9:18:     (2)     Syracuse. 

9:22%:    (3)   Wisconsin.   9:32;   (4)   Columbia.   9:41: 

(5)  Pennsylvania.  9:45. 
June    28.    1904—  (1)    Syracuse.    10:01:    (2)    Cornell. 

10:12%:   (3)  Pennsylvania.  10:18%;   (4-)  Columbia. 

10:28V£. 
June    28.    1905—  (1)    Cornell.    9:35%;    (2)    Syracuse. 

9:49:     (3)     Columbia.     9:53:     (4)     Pennsylvania. 

9:58%. 
June    23.    1906—  (1)    Syracuse.    9:51%;    (2)    Cornell. 

9:55:    (3)  Wisconsin.  9:55%;   (4)  Columbia.  10:C7%: 

(5)   Pennsylvania.   10:13%. 
June  26.    1907—  (1)   Wisconsin,   9:58;    (2)   Syracuse. 

10:03:     (3)    Pennsylvania.    10:04:    (4)    Columbia. 

10:05%;    (5)    Cornell,    10:07%. 
June    27.    1908—  (1)    Cornell.    9:29%:    (2)    Syracuse. 

9:38%:    (3)   Columbia.  9:43:   (4)  Wisconsin.  9:55%: 

(5)    Pennsylvania.    10:42. 
July    2.     1909—  (1)     Cornell.    9:07%;    (2)    Syracuse. 

9:14%;    (3)    Pennsylvania.    9:21:    (4)    Wisconsin. 

9:22%:   (5)   Columbia.   9:26. 
June   26.    1910—  (1)    Cornell.   10:40%:    (2)    Columbia. 

10:53%;    (3)   Syracuse.  10:53%:   (4)  Pennsylvania. 

11:00%:    (5)   Wisconsin    11:15%. 
June   27.    1911—  (1)    Columbia.    10:13%:    (2)   Cornell. 

10:20%:   (3)  Syracuse.  10:23%:   (4)  Pennsylvania. 

10:24%:    (5)    Wisconsin.    10:38. 
June   29.    1912—  (1)   Cornell.   9:31%:    (2)  Wisconsin. 

9:35%;    (3)    Syracuse.    9:42%;    (4)    Pennsylvania, 

9:46%:    (5)   Columbia.    9:47.' 
June  21,  1913—  (1)   Cornell,  10:04%  ;  (2)  Wisconsin, 


10:07%:   (3)  Syracuse.  10:14%:   (4)  Pennsylvania. 

10:25%:    (5)   Columbia.   10:29. 
June    26.    1914— (1)    Cornell.    10:26:    (2)    Syracuse. 

10:50y5;    (3)   Pennsylvania.  10:50%;   (4)  Columbia. 

10:56%:    (5)   Wisconsin.   10:59. 
June   28,   1915— (1)    Syracuse,   9:29%;    (2)    Cornell, 

9:43;    (3)    Columbia,    9:47%;    (4)    Pennsylvania, 

10:01%. 
June   19,    1916— (1)    Cornell.    11:05%;    (2»    Syracuse. 

11:15%;    (3)    Pennsylvania,  Il:16y5;    (4)    Colum- 
bia,  11:29%. 
1915-1916-1917-1918-1919— No  races. 

OXFORD-CAMBRIDGE  RECORD. 

Course  from  Putney  to  Mortlake,  London. 

Year.  Winner.  Time. 

1S80 Oxford    21:23 

1S81 Oxford    ...21:51 

1882 Oxford    ...20:12 

1883 Oxford    21:08 

1884 Cambridee    21:39 

1885 Oxford    ...21:36 

1886 Cambridge    22:29\4 

1887 Cambridee    20:52 

1888 Cambridee    20:48 

1889 Cambridge    20:14 

1890 Oxford    22:05 

Oxford    21:4& 


1892 Oxford 

1893 Oxford 

1894 Oxford 

1895 Oxford 

1896 Oxford 

1897 


19:21 

1S:4T 

21:39 

20:50 

20:01 

Oxford    19:12 

Oxford    22*15 

1899........ .......    Cambridge    ..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  "!21:04 

1900 Cambridge    18:4T 

1901 O  ford    22:31 


1902  (March  22)... 

1903  ( April  1) 

1904  (March  25)... 

1905  (April  1) 

1906  (April?) 

1907  (March  16)... 

1908  (April  4) 

1909  (April  3) 

1910  (March  23)... 

1911  (April  1) 

1912  (April  1) 

1913  (March  13).., 

1914  (March  28)...    Cambridge 


Cambridge    19:09 

Cambridge    19:32V4 

Cambridge    21:36 

.    Oxford     20:35 

Cambridge    19:25 

Cambridge    20:26 

Cambridge    19:19 

.    Oxford    *. 19:50 

.    Oxford    20:14 

.     Oxford     18:29 

..   Oxford    ...22:05 

Oxford     20:53 

20:23 

1915-1919— No  races. 

NOTE — The  race  of  1914  was  the  seventy-first 
In  the  history  of  the  event.  The  first  contest 
took  place  in  1845. 

NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  REGATTA. 
The  forty-fifth  annual  regatta  of  the  Na- 
tional Association  of  Amateur  Oarsmen  took 
place  on  Lake  Quinsigamond  at  Worcester, 
Mass..  Aug.  2.  3,  1919.  with  the  following-  re- 
sults: 

Intermediate  single  sculls— Won  by  Robert  Dun- 
can. Potomac  B.  C.,  Washington.  D.  C.  No 
time  taken. 

Association  senior  single  sculls — Won  by  Paul 
Costello.  Vesper  B.  C..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Time.  7:39. 

Senior    single    shells,    quarter   mile   dash — Won 

by  J.  B.  Kelly,   Vesper  B.  C.      Time,  <1  :15%. 

Invitation  eight   oared   shells— Won   by  Norton 

Co.  No.  2.  Worcester,  Mass.    Time.  6:25. 
Senior  international  four  oared  shells— Won  by 
Duluth     B.    C..     Duluth,     ?Iinn.       Time    not 
taken. 

Canoe  club  fours,  double  blades  —  Won  by 
Washington  Canoe  club.  Washington,  D.  C. 
Time  not  taken. 

Intermediate    four    oared    shells— Won    by   Du- 
luth  B.   C.      (Only   one   starter). 
Intermediate   eight    oared    shells— Won   by   Du- 
luth B.  C.     Time.  6:15. 

Canoe  club  fours,  single  blades — Won  by  Wash- 
ington C.  C.      (No  time  taken). 
Senior  eight  oared  shells— Won  by  Duluth  B.  C. 

Time.    6:26. 

Junior  eight  oared  shells— Won  by  Duluth  B.  C. 
Time.  6:35. 


442 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Senior    quadruple    sculls — Won    by    New    York 

Aquatic  club.     Time,   6  :52%. 
Championship     senior     single     sculls — Won     by 

John  B.  Kelly.  Vesper  B.  C.     Time.  7:35. 
Special  four  oared  gigs  for  men  who  had  been 

in  service— Won  by  Union  B.  C.,  New  York. 

Time.   7:41. 
Senior  double   sculls — Won  by  Riverside  B.  C., 

Cambridge,  Mass.     Time.  7:45. 
Senior  four  oared  shells — Won  by  Century  B.  C., 

St.  Louis.  Mo.     Time.  6:56. 
Intermediate    double     sculls — Won    by    Duluth 

B.  C.     Time.  7:27. 

Duluth  was  awarded  the  Julius  Barnes  trophy 
emblematic  of  the  association  championship. 

AMERICAN  ROWING  ASS'N  REGATTA. 
The  fifteenth  annual  regatta  of  the  American 

Rowing1  association  took  place  at  Philadelphia, 

Pa.,    on    the    1    mile    550    yard    straightaway 

course  on  the  Schuylkill  river  May  31,  1919. 

Summary: 

Freshman  eight  oared  race — Won  by  Syracuse: 
Yale,  second:  Annapolis  (navy)  disqualified. 
Time.  6:49. 

Special  eight  oared  shells  (150  pound  crew)  — 
Annapolis,  first;  Pennsylvania,  second.  Time, 
7 :02%. 

Eig-ht  oared  shells— Annapolis,  first:  Pennsyl- 
vania, second.  Time.  6:35. 

Junior  varsity  collegiate  eight  oared  shells — 
Annapolis,  first:  Princeton,  second:  Syracuse, 
third.  Time.  6:43%. 

Senior  double  sculls — Vesper  Boat  club.  Phil- 
adelphia, first;  Nonpareil  Rowing1  club,  New 
York,  second.  Time.  7:57%. 

NORTHWEST    INTERNATIONAL    REGATTA. 

The    annual   Northwest   International   rowing 
reg-atta  took  place  at  Duluth.  Minn.,  with  the 
following1  results: 
Junior   singles— Duluth   Boat    club,    first:    Ban- 

dette.   second:   Lincoln  Park,   Chicago,  third. 

Time.   9:07. 

Senior  double's — Duluth  Boat  club,  first;  Spring- 
field. 111.,  second:  only  two  starters.  Time, 

9:06. 
Junior  eight— Duluth   Boat   club,    first,    second, 

third,    fourth:    Lincoln  Park.    Chicago,    fifth: 

Springfield.    111.,    sixth.     Time.    7:58. 
Senior   single    scull— Hoover.    Duluth.    first:    B. 

Bresnahan.    Springfield,    second. 
Junior  double  sculls— Duluth  crew  No.  1.  first; 

Duluth    crew    No.    2,.  second;    Lincoln   Park, 

Chicago,  dropped  out. 
Lanstreak    four — Thunder    Bay    Rowing    club. 

Fort    William,    first:    Minnesota    Boat    club, 

St.  Paul,  second.     Time.  4:08. 
Four  oared  shell — Duluth  No.   1.  first:  Duluth 

No.      2.      second:     Lincoln     Park.     Chicago. 

scratched. 

Battle  royal— Won  by  Lincoln  Park.  Chicago. 
ARMY  REGATTA   ON  THE   SEINE. 

Half  a  million  spectators  witnessed  a  regatta 
on  the  Seine  river.  Paris,  France.  April  27. 
1919,  between  soldier  crews.  Six  teams  of 
eights  were  entered  and  the  leaders  in  the  first 
two  heats  took  part  in  the  final.  In  the  first 
heat  the  French  team  finished  first.  Newfound- 
land second  and  Portugal  third.  In  the  sec- 
ond New  Zealand  finished  first,  America  sec- 
ond and  Alsace-Lorraine  third.  The  distance 
rowed  was  about  one  mile  and  a  half,  from 
the  Font  Royal  to  the  Alma  bridge.  The  N°w 
Zealanders  nosed  out  the  Americans  in  a  heart 
breaking  sprint  in  the  last  fifty  yards  of  the 
final.  The  Newfoundland  and  French  crews 
were  distanced. 

REGATTA   AT  ANNAPOLIS. 

The  varsity  and  freshman  crews  of  the 
United  States  naval  academy.  Harvard  and 
Princeton  engaged  in  a  regatta  over  a  course 
of  1  7-8  miles  on  the  Severn  river  at  An- 
napolis, Md..  April  19.  The  navy  won  both 
contests  with  ease.  The  Navy  varsity  finished 


nearly  fourteen  lengths  ahead  of  the  Crimson, 
with  Princeton  three  lengths  behind  Harvard. 
In  the  freshman  event  the  Navy  plebes  crossed 
the  finish  line  eight  lengths  ahead  of  Harvard 
and  nearly  ten  lengths  ahead  of  the  Princeton 
freshmen.  The  time  of  the  crews  at  the  finish 
was  as  follows:  Varsity,  Navy.  10:51%:  Har- 
vard. 11:31;  Princeton.  11:41.  Freshmen. 
Navy  plebes.  11:24;  Harvard,  11:49:  Prince- 
ton. 11:54. 

ANNAPOLIS  VS.   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Three  boat  races  between  crews  representing- 
the  United  States  naval  academy  and  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  were  rowed  on  the 
Henley  course  of  1  5-16  miles  on  the  Severn 
river  at  Annapolis,  Md..  April  12.  1919.  The 
Navy's  first  crew  defeated  the  Pennsylvania 
eight,  the  time  of  the  winners  being  7:17  and 
of  the  losers  7:34.  The  navy  plebe  crew  de- 
feated the  Pennsylvania  freshmen  by  covering 
the  course  in  7:35  to  7:52  by  the  freshmen. 
The  Pennsylvania  second  crew  defeated  the 
Navy  second  crew  in  a  close  race.  Time. 
Pennsylvania.  7:35:  Navy,  7:39. 

ANNAPOLIS  VS.  SYRACUSE. 

The  navy  academy  varsity  and  plebe  eights 
defeated  the  Syracuse  varsity  and  freshman 
rights  over  a  mile  course  at  Annapolis,  Md., 
May  3.  Time.  Navy,  12:44;  Syracuse.  13:30. 
Navy  plebes.  13:11;  Syracuse  freshmen,  13:23. 

PACIFIC    COAST    UNIVERSITY    RACES. 

In  a  triangular  boat  race  over  a  three-mile 
course  at  Oakland.  Cal.,  May  3.  1919.  the  Uni- 
versity of  Washington  eight  defeated  the  Cali- 
fornia and  Stanford  university  crews  by  a  few 
feet.  Time.  Washington,  16:44:  California. 
16:45:  Stanford.  17:44.  The  University  of 
California  freshman  crew  won  the  annual  two 
mile  triangular  race  in  11:41%. 

PENNSYLVANIA  VS.  YALE. 

The  Pennsylvania  varsity  crew  defeated  Yale 
on  the  Housatonic  river  at  Derby,  Conn.,  April 
19.  1919.  Time.  Pennsylvania.  6:20%:  Yale. 
6:31%.  In  the  race  between  the  junior  eights 
of  the  same  universities  Yale  won  in  6:27%  to 
Pennsylvania's  6:30%.  The  Henley  distance  of 
1  5-16  miles  was  rowed. 

YALE   VS.   PRINCETON. 

In  a  dual  regatta  over  a  two-mile  course  on 
the  Housatonic  river  at  Derby,  Conn..  May  3. 
1919.  the  Yale  varsity  eight  defeated  Prince- 
ton. Both  crews  broke  the  record  for  the 
course.  Yale's  time  was  10:16%,  Princeton's 
10:20%.  It  was  the  first  victory  for  a  Yale 
varsity  crew  on  the  Housatonic.  In  the  fresh- 
man race  the  Tigers  won  from  Yale  by  a 
quarter  of  a  length.  The  time  was:  Prince- 
ton. 10:34:  Yale.  10:35. 

CORNELL  VS.  PRINCETON. 

Cornell  crews  defeated  Princeton  eights  in 
varsity  and  freshman  races  on  Cayuga  lake  at 
Ithaca.  N.  Y..  May  24,  1919.  In  the  varsity 
race  Cornell's  time  was  10:37  and  Princeton's 
10:45.  In  the  freshman  race  Cornell's  time 
was  10:47  and  Princeton's.  11:01. 

HARVARD  VS.  YALE   (JUNIOR  CLASSES) . 
Harvard's   junior   class   crew   defeated   Yale's 
junior  class  eight  in  the  annual  spring  regatta 
on  New  Haven  harbor.  May  24.   1919.  winning 
by  ten  lengths  in  7:50.     The  race  was  over  a 
course    of    1    mile   and    550   yards.      The   Yale 
second  varsity  crew  won  from  the  first  fresh- 
man crew  by  one  length  in  7:15. 
CHILDS  CUP  RACE. 

The  University  of  Pennsylvania  eight  won 
the  Childs  cup  race  on  Lake  Carnegie  at 
Princeton.  N.  J..  May  17.  1919.  with  Prince- 
ton second  and  Columbia  third.  Pennsylvania's 
time  for  the  mile  and  seven-sixteenths  was 
9:25  and  Princeton's  9:41.  No  time  was 
given  for  Columbia. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


443 


•ENGLISH  HENLEY  REGATTA. 
(1    mile   550   yards.) 

In  the  English  Henley  regatta.  July  2-5.  1919. 
the  King's  cup  was  won  by  the  Australian 
army  crew  from  the  Oxford  crew  by  a  length 
in  7:07.  The  Leander  cup,  for  which  the 
contenders  in  the  final  were  Leander  and  the 
American  army  crew  fours,  was  won  by  the 
former  in  7 :45.  In  the  university  eights 
event  Cambridge  defeated  Oxford  in  7:21. 
The  Fawley  cup  was  won  by  the  Thames 
Rowing-  club,  the  Elsenham  cup  by  Shrews- 
bury, the  Temple  cup  by  Caius  college,  the 
Wargrave  manor  cup  by  Leander  and  the 
Kingswood  sculls  by  D.  C.  Hadfield  of  New 
Zealand. 

CENTRAL  STATES  REGATTA. 

In  the  Central  States  rowing-  regatta  at 
St.  Louis,  Mo..  July  26  and  27,  1919.  the 
Central  Rowing  club  of  St.  Louis  led  in  the 
junior  and  senior  contests  with  32  points. 
The  Mound  City  and  Western  clubs,  also  of 
St.  Louis,  were  second  and  third  with  26  and 
16  points.  The  St.  Louis  Rowing  club  and 
the  Lincoln  Park  (Chicago)  Rowing  club  tied 
for  fourth  place  with  9  points  each.  In  the 
six-oared  barge  event,  distance  %  mile,  the 
central  states  record  was  lowered  to  3:59%. 

ROWING  RECORDS. 
^4  mile — *:57,    single   scull,    straightaway,   Edwin 

Henley,   Newark,   N.   J.,   July  11,  1901. 
%    mile— *2:08y5,    single   scull,    straightaway,    Ed- 

win  Henley,   Newark,   N.   J,,    July  11,   1893. 

1  mile — 4:28,    single    scull,    straightaway,    James 
Stansbury,    with   tide,    Thames   river,    England. 
July  11,   1896;   *4:48,   single  scull,   straightaway. 
Rupert   Guiness,    Thames   river,    England,    1893. 

2  miles— *9:18,   eight  oars,    straightaway,    Cornell 
freshmen,   Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y.,  June  26,  1903. 

3  miles— *14:27%,  eight  oars,  straightaway,  Cornell 
varsity,   New  London,   Conn.,   June  25,   1891. 

4  miles — *18:53%,    straightaway,   eight  oars,    Cor- 
nell  university,    Poughkeepsie,    N.    Y.,    July  2, 

*Performance  by  amateurs. 

POWER  BOAT  RACING. 

GOLD  CHALLENGE  CUP  WINNERS. 
Year.      Boat.  Speed. 

1904 — Standard   . .  .23  6 

1904— Vingt-et-un    25.3 

1905 — Chip .    15  9* 

1906— Chip   II ,  ...20.6* 

1907— Chip   II ...20.8* 

1908— Dixie   II ...30.9 

1909— Dixie    II..  ..32.9 

1910— Dixie     III 33.6 

1911— Mit  II ...36.1 

1912— P.  D.  Q.  H...  ...368 

1913— Ankle  Deep 44.5 

1914— Baby    Speed    Demon 50.49 

1915 — Miss     Detroit 48.5 

1916— Miss  Minneapolis 49.7 

1917— Miss  Detroit  II 56.5 

1918— Miss  Detroit  III...                             ..52.0 
1919— Miss  Detroit   III 55.0 

•Winner  on  corrected  time. 

MISSISSIPPI  VALLEY  REGATTA. 

The  Mississippi  Valley  Power  Boat  associa- 
tion held  a  regatta  at  Moline.  111..  July  4-6, 
1919.  Miss  Quincy  II..  owned  by  C.  E.  Pad- 
gett of  Quincy,  111.,  took  first  place  and  the 
honors  of  the  meet  after  several  contests  with 
Miss  Ethel  VII.,  owned  by  C.  P.  Hanley  of 
Muscatine,  Iowa.  The  best  time,  however,  was 
made  by  the  latter  boat  when  on  July  4  it 
registered  33.32  miles  an  hour  on  one  lap. 
On  July  5  Miss  Quincy  II.  averaged  33  miles 
an  hour  over  the  two-mile  triangle. 

RACE  OF  SUBMARINE  CHASERS. 

Six  American  submarine  chasers  left  Ber- 
muda Aug.  16.  1919.  on  a  race  to  the  port 


of  New  York.  The  SC-131,  commanded  by 
Lieut.  Joseph  L.  Day,  U.  S.  N..  led  all  the 
way  and  reached  the  finish  line  at  the  statue 
of  Liberty  in  New  York  harbor  at  2:19  a.  m. 
Aug.  19,  having  covered  the  distance  of  600 
miles  in  58  hours  32  minutes.  The  old  rec- 
ord of  67  hours  for  motor  boats  was  held 
by  the  Ailsa  Craig.  The  SC-217  and  the 
SC-351  finished  second  and  third  only  an  hour 
later  than  the  winner. 

SWIMMING. 

NATIONAL  A.  A.  U.   CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
Indoor. 

50  yards— Won  by  Perry  McGillivray.  Great 
Lakes,  in  C.  A.  A.  tank.  Chicago,  Feb.  19, 
1919.  Time.  :24. 

200  yards,  breast  stroke— Won  by  Herbert  Tay- 
lor, C.  A.  A.,  in  C.  A.  A.  tank.  Chicago, 
Feb.  19.  1919. 

100  yards— Won  by  Perry  McGillivray.  Great 
Lakes,  in  Allegheny  Mountain  A.  C.  tank. 
Pittsburgh.  Feb.  21.  1919.  Time.  :55%. 

Water  polo— Won  by  Great  Lakes  team  in 
Great  Lakes  training  station  pool.  March 
17,  1919.  Score:  Great  Lakes,  5:  I.  A.  C.,  1. 

150  yards,  back  stroke— Won  by  Norman  Ross, 
unattached,  in  the  Detroit  Athletic  club  tank. 
March  29.  1919.  Time.  1:14%. 

220  yards,  free  style— Won  by  Norman  Ross, 
unattached,  in  the  Detroit  Athletic  club  tank, 
March  29.  1919.  Time.  2:27%. 

500  yards— Won  by  Leo  Geibel,  New  York  A. 
C..  in  New  York  A.  C.  tank.  April  25.  1919. 
Time.  6:23%. 

Outdoor. 

10  miles— Won  by  Eugene  T.  Bolden,  Great 
Lakes  Naval  Training  station,  in  Delaware 
river.  Riverton.  N.  J..  Aug.  16.  Time, 
1:59:18. 

100  yards— Won  by  Perry  McGillivray,  I.  A. 
C..  in  Lincoln  park  lagoon,  Chicago.  Aug1. 
30.  Time.  1:05%. 

440  yards— Won  by  W.  L.  Wallen.  I.  A.  C.,  in 
Lincoln  park  lagoon,  Chicago.  Aug.  31. 
Time.  5:45. 

880  yards— Won  by  W.  L.  Wallen.  I.  A.  C.,  at 
Pittsburgh.  Pa.,  Sept.  1,  Time.  12:36V5. 

1   mile— Won  by  William  L.  Wallen.   I.  A.  C., 

at  Portland.  Ore..  Aug.  2.     Time.  25:37%. 

CENTRAL  A.  A.  U.  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

Indoor. 

440  yards,  free  style— Won  by  W.  L.  Wallen, 
Great  Lakes,  in  the  Detroit  A.  A.  tank.  Feb. 
22.  Time,  5:37%  (new  association  record). 

220  yards,  free  style— Tie  between  D.  L.  Jones 
and  D.  Brenner,  both  of  Great  Lakes,  in  De- 
troit A.  A.  tank.  Feb.  22.  Time.  2:32%. 

150  yards,  back  stroke— Won  by  Perry  McGil- 
livray. Great  Lakes,  in  Detroit  A.  A.  tank, 
Feb.  22.  Time.  1:49%. 

200  yards,  breast  stroke— Won  by  Michael  Mc- 
Dermott,  Illinois  A.  C.,  in  Detroit  A.  A. 
tank.  Feb.  22.  Time.  2:50%. 

100  yards,  free  style,  for  women — Won  by 
Miss  Thelma  Darby,  Indianapolis,  in  Detroit 
A.  A.  tank.  Feb.  22.  Time.  1 :16. 

50  yards,  back  stroke,  for  women — Won  by 
Miss  Darby,  in  Detroit  A.  A.  tank.  Feb.  22. 
Time.  :41%. 

50  yards,  breast  stroke,  for  women — Won  by 
Miss  Essie  Harrison.  Detroit,  in  Detroit  A. 
A.  tank.  Feb.  22.  Time.  :42%. 

Fancy  diving,  for  women — Won  by  Mrs.  Bon- 
nie Malcolmson.  Detroit,  in  Detroit  A.  A. 
tank.  Feb.  22. 

50  yards^— Won  by  Perry  McGillivray.  Great 
Lakes,  in  Minneapolis  A.  C.  tank.  Feb.  26, 
Time.  :23%. 

100  yards,  back  stroke — Won  by  Bonner  Mil- 
ler, Illinois  A.  C..  in  Minneapolis  A.  C.  tank. 
Feb.  26.  Time.  1:15. 

Plunge  for  distance — Won  by  G.  Ferrell,  Min- 
neapolis A.  C..  in  Minneapolis  A.  C.  tank. 
Time.  :24%. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


400  yards  relay — Won  by  Great  Lakes   (Jones, 

Bennett.    Wallen,    McGillivray).    in    I.    A.    C. 

tank.   Chicago,   March   6.      Time,    3:47%. 
Fancy  diving— Won  by  Arthur  Hartun^.   I.  A. 

C..  in  I.  A.  C.  tank.  March  6.  Points,  262. 
100  yard  swim,  lor  women— Won  by  Miss 

Hazel  Bilty.  in  I.  A.  C.  tank.  Chicago.  March 

6.     Time.   1:28%. 
100  yards,  'breast  stroke,  for  women— Won  by 

Miss    Helen   Thomsen.    Milwaukee   A.    C.,    in 

I.    A.    C.    tank.    Chicago.    March    6.      Time. 

•I    -Q4.4£ 

880   yards— Won  by   Wallen.    Great  Lakes,    in 

Hamilton     club     tank.     March     15.      Time, 

12  '0"1% 
100  yards— Won  by  Clark  Leach,  Great  Lakes. 

in   Hamilton  club   tank.   March   15.     Time, 

:57%. 

Outdoor. 

880  yards— Won  by  Eugene  T.  Bolden.  Great 
Lakes  Training  station,  at  Chicago,  Aug.  30. 
Time.  12:39%. 

100  yards,  back  stroke— Won  by  Siegel,  I.  A. 
C.,  at  Chicago.  Aug.  30.  Time,  1:18%. 

100  yards,  breast  stroke— Won  ly  Ray  White, 
Hamilton  club,  at  Chicago.  Aug.. 30.  Time. 
1:19%. 

Plunge  for  distance— Tie  between  Ray  White, 
Hamilton  club,  and  Richard  Delmar.  I.  A. 
C.  Distance.  58  feet  in  1  minute. 

400  yards  relay— Won  by  I.  A.  C.  team.  Edge- 
water  beach.  Chicago,  Aug.  23.  Time,  4:07. 

220  yards,  free  style— Won  by  Perry  McGil- 
livray. I.  A.  C..  at  Detroit,  Aug.  2.  Time, 

p  -Q7 

60  yards  free  style— Won  by  Perry  McGil- 
livray. I.  A.  C..  at  Detroit.  Aug.  2.  Time, 
:24. 

In  the  senior  swimming  and  diving  cham- 
pionships the  Illinois  Athletic  club  took  first 
place  with  38  points.  The  Great  Lakes  sta- 
tion and  the  Hamilton  club  had  4  points  each 
and  the  Minneapolis  A.  C.  3  points. 

WOMEN'S  SWIMMING  EVENTS. 

Contests  by  women  were  a  feature  of  the 
swimming  season  in  1919,  many  creditable 
records  being  made.  Following  is  a  list  of 
some  of  the  events  attracting  the  most  at- 
tention :  % 
100  yards,  breast  stroke — Won  by  Miss  Ruth 

Smith.  Columbus  A.  C..  in  the  C.  A.  A.  pool, 

Chicago,  May  7.     Time.  1:29. 
Fancy    diving — Won    by    Miss    Eleanor    Smith, 

Columbus  A.  C..  in  C.  A.  A.  tank.  Chicago. 

May  7. 

880  yards  (Women's  Metropolitan  champion- 
ship)— Won  by  Charlotte  Boyle,  in  Alamac 

A.  A.  pool.  Lake  Hopatcong.  N.  J.,  July  18. 

Time.   18:08. 
High  diving  (A.  A.  U.  championship)— Won  by 

Alice  Lord  at  Rye  Beach,  N.  Y.,  July  19. 
100  yards,  free  style— Won  by  Frances  Bilsbar- 

row.  Indianapolis.  Ind.,   at  Edgewater  beach. 

Chicago,  July  26.     Time  not  taken. 
100  yards,  breast  stroke— Won  by  Lillian  Mil- 
ler,   Chicago,    at    Edgewater  beach.    Chicago, 

July   26.      Time  not   taken. 
100  yards,  back   stroke— Won  by  Sibyl  Bauer 

at  Edgewater  beach.  Chicago,  July  26.     Time 

not  taken. 
100    yards,    breast    stroke    (Central   A.   A.    U. 

championship)    —    Won     by     Miss     Dorothy 

O'Brien,   I.  A.  C.,   at   Edgewater  beach,   Chi- 
cago. Aug.  6.     Time.   1:34%. 
100    yards,    back    stroke     (Central    A.    A.    U. 

championship)— Won  by  Miss  Thelma  Darby. 

Indianapolis,    at    Edgewater   beach,    Aug.    6. 

Time.   2:00%. 
50  yards,  free  style— Won  by  Miss  Helen  Fitz- 

simmons,    Detroit,    in    Lincoln    park    lagoon. 

Chicago.    Aug.    9.      Time.    :33%. 
50    yards,    breast    stroke— Won    by    Miss    Essie 

Harrison.    Detroit,    in    Lincoln    park    lagoon, 

Aug.    9.      Time.    :43%. 
220   yards— Won  by  Miss  Thelma   Darby.   In- 


dianapolis,  in  Lincoln  park  lagoon,   Aug.   9. 
Time.   2:23. 

100  yards,  back  stroke— Won  by  Miss  Loi» 
Barry.  Milwaukee,  in  Lincoln  park  lagoon, 
Aug.  9.  Time.  1:48%. 

100  yards,  breast  stroke — Won  by  Miss  Wil- 
helmina  Wylie.  Australia,  in  Lincoln  park 
lagoon,  Aug.  10.  Time.  1:34. 
400  yard  swim — Won  by  Miss  Fanny  Durack. 
Australia,  in  Lincoln  park  lagoon,  Aug.  10. 
Time.  6:11. 

100  yard  swim— Won  by  Miss  Helen  Fitzsim- 
mons,  Detroit,  in  Lincoln  park  lagoon,  Auff. 
10.  Time.  1:22%. 

High  diving  (National  A.  A.  U.  champion- 
ship)—Won  by  Miss  Betty  Grimes,  Minne- 
apolis, in  Lincoln  park  lagoon,  Aug.  10. 
50  yards— Won  by  Miss  Florence  Gaither,  I.  A. 
C..  foot  of  Randolph  street.  Chicago.  Aug. 
30.  Time.  :35%. 

2%  miles  (about)  (National  A.  A.  U.  long 
distance  swim)— Won  by  Miss  Charlotte 
Boyle.  New  York,  at  South  Shore  Country 
club.  Aug.  30.  Time.  32:30%. 
Fancy  diving— Won  by  Miss  Assays  Smith,  New 
Trier  H.  S.,  at  South  Shore  Country  club. 
Aug.  23. 

50  yards,  back  stroke — Won  by  Miss  Marie  Cur- 
tis. Detroit  Northern  High  school,  at  De- 
troit, Aug.  2.  Time,  :38%. 
400  yards  (National  A.  A.  U.  championship) 
—Won  by  Ethel  Bleibtrey.  New  York,  at 
Manhattan  beach,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  16.  Time, 
6:30%. 

50    yards — Won    by    Betty    Grimes    at    Omaha 

A.  C.,    Omaha,   Neb.,  May  17.     Time.    :31%. 

100    yard    dash  —  Won    by    Mrs.    Frances    C. 

Schroth.     Alameda.     Cal..     Oct.     12.      Time. 

1:17%. 

CHICAGO  RIVER  SWIM. 
The  twelfth  annual  Chicngo  river  swim  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  Illinois  Athletic  club 
took  place  July  26.  1919.  It  was  won  by 
William  Wallen.  Jr..  I.  A.  C..  in  30:28%. 
Herman  Laubis  of  the  Missouri  Athletic  club. 
St.  Louis,  was  second.  The  distance  was  1% 
miles.  Record  of  winners  and  time: 

1908— S.  C.  Jensen.  I.  A.  C 44:41% 

1909— H.   J.   Handy.    I.  A.   C 36:12% 

1910— Perry  McGillivray.  I.  A.  C 

1911 — Joseph  Steuer,  unattached. 

1912— W.  R.  Vosburg,  Univ.  of  111....  1:03:22 

1913— Perry  McGillivray.   I.  A.  C 46:54% 

1914— Perry   McGillivray.   I.   A.  C 40:02 

1915 — No  contest  account  Eastland  disaster. 
1916— W.  L.  Wallen.  Hamilton  club.... 35:17 
1917— W.  L.  Wallen.  Hamilton  club.... 35:55 

1918— P.  McGillivray.  Great  Lakes 33:44 

1919— W.    L.    Wallen.    I.    A.    C 30:28% 

Note— Prior  to  1912  the  course  used  was 
about  1V>  miles  in  length;  in  1912  it  was  2% 
miles,  in  1913.  2  miles:  in  1914,  1%  miles:  in 
1916.  2%  miles;  in  19-18.  2  miles:  in  1919. 
1%  miles. 

RIVER  SWIM  ACROSS  PARIS.  FRANCE. 
In  a  swimming  match  in  the  Seine  river 
across  Paris,  France,  July  20,  1919.  Norman 
Ross.  American,  was  the  winner,  making  the 
distance  of  about  6.500  meters  in  1:30:00.  Ba- 
cigralupo,  Italian,  was  second,  and  Morris,  Aus- 
tralian, third. 

MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  SWIM. 
In  the  Western  Rowing  club's  annual  five 
mile  swim  in  the  Mississippi  river  at  St. 
Louis.  July  20.  H.  F.  Witte,  with  a  7  minute 
handicap  was  the  winner  in  1:05:24.  Herman 
Laubis,  scratch,  won  the  time  prize  in  1 :01 :38. 
NEW  WORLD'S  RECORD  BY  McGILLIVRAY. 
In  the  Hamilton  club  tank,  Chicago.  March 
15,  1919.  Perry  McGillivray  of  the  Great 
Lakes  Training  station  swam  440  yards,  back 
stroke,  in  6:02%— a  world's  record.  In  the 
same  race  McGillivray  swam  200  meters  in 
2:52%:  300  meters  in  4:26  and  400  yards  in 


'.38':03 
.43:21 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


445 


6:30.  There  being-  no  prior  official  records  for 
those  distances  McGillivray  was  given  credit 
for  establishing  new  marks. 

NEW  WORLD'S  RECORD  BY  NORMAN  ROSS. 
In  an  open  swimming-  meet  at  the  Illinois 
Athletic  club,  Chicago,  April  3,  1919.  Norman 
Ross,  formerly  of  the  Olympic  club.  San 
Francisco,  but  competing  unattached,  estab- 
lished a  new  world's  half  mile  indoor  record 
of  10:55%,  and  in  doing  so  established  seven 
intermediate  records,  breaking  previous  marks 
for  the  distances.  The  following  table  shows 
the  old  records  and  the  new  ones  made  by 


New. 

7:26% 

8:04 

8:12 

8:42 

9:18% 

9:56% 

10:33% 

10:55% 


Distance.  Old. 

600  yards   7:31 

650  yards    8:10% 

660  yards    8:19% 

700  yards    8:51% 

750  yards    9:31 

800   yards    10:11% 

850  yards    10:50% 

880  yards    11 :14y5 

At  the  Omaha  Athletic  club,  May  17,  1919, 
Norman  Ross  broke  the  world's  record  for  the 
300  yards  open  swim  in  a  seventy-five  foot 
tank,  covering  the  distance  in  3 :27}4. 

WORLD'S  SWIMMING  RECORDS. 
25  yards— :11.3,  Duke  Kahanamoku  (U.  S.). 
40  yards— :18%.  Perry  McGillivray  (U.  S.). 
50  yards — :23,  Duke  Kahanamoku  (U.  S.). 
60  yards—  :29%,  Duke  Kahanamoku  (U.  S.). 
75  yards— :38%,  Duke  Kaiiaiiamoku  (U.  S.)  and 

Robert  Small  (U.   S.). 
100  yards— :54.  Perry  McGillivray  (U.  S.). 
110  yards— 1:02%     H.   Hebner   (U.   S.). 
120  yards— 1.08%    Perry  McGillivray  (U.  S.). 
150  yards— 1:29%    H.  E.  Vollmer  (U.  S  ). 


200  yards— 2:06% 
220  yards— 2:20% 
300  yards— 3:16% 


Norman  Ross  (U.  S.) 
Norman  Ross  (U.  S.) 
Norman  Ross  (U.  S.) 


440  yards— 5:08%  Norman  Ross  (U.  S.) 
500  yards — 5:53%,  Norman  Ross  (U.  S.) 
880  yards^ll:ll%.  B.  Kieran  (Aus.). 

1  mile— 23:16%.   B.   Kieran  (Aus.i. 

2  miles — 54:54,   George   Read   (Aus.). 

AMERICAN  SWIMMING  RECORDS. 

25  yards — :11.3,  Duke  Kahanamoku. 

40  yards— :19,     A.   C.    Raithel.   I.   A.  O. 

50  yards— :23.4,  Duke  Kahanamoku. 

75   yards — :38.4,   Duke   Kahanamoku. 

80  yards— :41%,   P.   McGillivray,   I.   A.  0. 

100  yards—  :54\   P.  McGillivray.  I.  A.  C. 

120  yards— 1:07%,  Norman  Ross,  O.  A.  O. 

150  yards— 1:29%.   H.   E.   Vollmer,  N.  Y.  A.  O. 

200  yards — 2:04,  Norman  Ross,  O.  A.  C. 

220  yards— 2:19,  Norman  Ross,  O.  A.  C. 

250   yards-2:53%,    P.    McGillivray,    I.   A.    C. 

300  yards— 3:16%,  Norman  Ross,  O.  A.  C. 

330   yards— 3:54,    W.    L.    Wallen,    I.    A.    C. 

440  yards — 5:08%,   Norman  Ross,  O.  A.  C. 

500  yards— 5:53%.   Norman  Ross,  O.  A.  C. 

880  yards— 11:14%,    H.  J.   Hebner,  I.    A.  C. 

1  mile— 23:40%,  C.  M.  Daniels.  N.  Y.  A.  C. 

100  yards  back  stroke— 1:07%,  Perry  McGillivray, 
I.  A.  C. 

100  yards,  breast  stroke— 1:11%,  M.  McDermott, 
I.  A.  C. 

150  yards,  feack  stroke— 1:50%,  H.  J.  Hebner,  I. 
A.  C. 

160  yard,  relay— 1:17.  I.  A.  C.  team  (P.  McGilli- 
vray, A.  C.  Raithel,  R.  B.  Foster,  H.  J.  Heb- 
ner). 

200  yard  relay— 1:41,    Yale   team. 

200  yards,  breast  stroke— 2:36%,  Lester  White, 
Hamilton  club. 

BOO  yards,  relay— 4:40%.  I.  A.  C.  team  (Perry 
McGillivray.  William  Vosburgh,  A.  C.  Raithel, 
Harry  Hebner,  D.  C.  Jones). 

400  yards,  relay— 3:42%.  I.  A.  C.  team  (A.  C. 
Raithel,  Perry  McGillivray,  William  Vosburgh, 
H.  Hebner). 

Plunge    for    distance    (1    minute    time    limit)— 75 


feet  in  :40%,  Ben  Princell,  Chicago;  60 
feet  in  :18.  D.  V.  A.  Smith  and  Ben  Princell, 
Chicago. 

Under  water  swim— 320  feet,  E.  P.  Swatek,  L 
A.  C.  

RIFLE  SHOOTING. 

CLASSIC    EVENTS. 

Following1  is  a  list  of  the  men  and  teams  win. 
ning  important  events  at  national  rifle  association 
tournaments  in  recent  years: 

President's  Match,. 

1909 — Midshipman  Andrew  D.  Denny,  U.  S.  navy. 
1910— Sergt.   W.   A.   Fragner,   U.    S.   marine  corps. 
1911— Corp.   C.   A.   Lloyd.    U.   S.   marine  corps. 
1912— Corp.    Cedric    B.    Long,    5th    Massachusetts 

infantry. 

1913— Capt.   W.    H.  Clopton,  Jr.,   U.   S.   infantry. 
1914— No    contest. 
1915— Andrew    Hagen,    gunnery    sergeant,    U.    S. 

marine    corps. 

1916— Capt.  W.  Garland  Fay,  U.  S.  marine  corns. 
1917— No  contest. 
1918— Sergt.  H.  J.  Hoffner.  U.  S.  M.  C. :  score, 

285. 
1919— Sergt.    J.    B.    Rhine,    U.    S.    M.   C. ;    score, 

Wimbledon   Cup. 

1909— First  Sergeant  Victor  H.  Czegka,  U.  S.  ma- 
rine corps;  score,  98. 

1910— Capt.  C.  H.  Emerson,  6th  Ohio  infantry; 
score,  99. 

1911— Capt.  C.  H.  Emerson.  6th  Ohio  infantry; 
score,  98. 

1912— Capt.  A.  L.  Briggs,  26th  U.  S.  infantry; 
score,  97. 

1913— Corp.  Thomas  E.  Verser,  14th  U.  S.  in- 
fantry; score,  99. 

1914 — No    contest. 

1915— Color  Sergeant,  J.  E.  Jackson,  1st  Iowa  in- 
fantry; score,  98. 

1916— Sergt.  J.  J.  Andrews,  U.  S.  marine  corps; 
score.  99. 

1917— No  contest. 

1918— Corp.  F.  L.  Branson.  U.  S.  M.  O.:  score, 
92. 

1919— J.  W.  Hession,  New  York  A.  C. ;  99. 

Leech    Cup. 
1909— Lieut.  J.  L.  Topham,  13th  U.  S.  infantry; 

score,  103. 
1910— Lieut.  C.  L.  Sturdevant,  U.  S.  Eng.;  score, 

105. 
1911— Lieut.   S.   W.  Anding,  13th  U.   S.  Infantry; 

score,   103. 

1912— Serjrt.    F.    H.    Kean.    Massachusetts   volun- 
teer militia;   score,    104. 
1913— George    W.    Chesley,    W.    R.    and   G.    club; 

score,   105. 
1914— No   contest. 
1915— Quartermaster  Sergeant   J.   M.   Thomas,   3d 

U.   S.   cavalry;    score.   102. 

1916— W.  H.  Richards,  Quinipiac  club;  score,  104. 
1917— No  contest. 

1918 — S.  A.  McKone.  Lawrence,  Kas. ;  score,  S3. 
1919 — William     H.     Richards,     Winchester     Arms 

company  ;   1C3. 

Marine   Corps   Cup. 
1909— Capt.   Douglas  G.   McDougal,   U.  8.  marine 

corps;   score,   187. 
1910— Corp.  O.  A.  Schofleld.  Massachusetts  volun- 

toer   militia;    score.    192. 

1911— Lieut.  II.  E.  Simon,  Ohio  N.  G.;  score,  195. 
1912— Capt.    G.   H.   Emerson,   Ohio  N.    G.;  score, 

194. 

1913— John  W.  Hessian,   N.  R.  A.;  score,  195. 
i914 — No  contest. 
1915— Sergt.  E.  J.   Blade,  1st  Minnesota  Infantry; 

score,   197. 
1916— Capt.     D.     A.     Preussner,     Iowa    infantry; 

score,   196. 
1917— No  contest. 
1918— Corp.   F.   L.   Branson,   U.   S.   M.  C. ;  score, 

183. 
1919— Sergt.  C.  D.  Thompson,  U.  S.  M.  O. ;  score, 

193. 


4:46 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Enlisted   Men's   Team  Match. 
1911— IL    S.    navy;    score.    562    (first   competition). 
1912 — Massachusetts;    score,    549. 
1913—  U.    S.   cavalry;   score,   571. 
1914— No    contest. 

1915— Massachusetts,    second   team. 
1916— 4th  U.  S.  M.  C.  team;  score,  557. 
1917-1918— No   contests. 
1919— U.  S.  M.  C.  Team  No.  1;  score,  536. 

PALMA  TROPHY. 

Owing  to  the  European  war  there  has  been  no 
contest  for  the  Palrna  trophy  since  1913.  Record 
of  event  to  date: 


Year.    Country.      Score. 

1876— United  States 

1877— United  States.3,334 
18SO— United  States.1,292 
1901— Canada 1.522 


Year.  Country.  Score. 
1903 — United  States. 1.570 
1907— United  Slates.1,712 
1912—  United  States.1,720 
1913— United  States.1,714 


1902— Britain 1,447 

SHOOTING  AT  CALDWELL.  N.  J. 
The  matches  of  the  National  Rifle  Associa- 
tion of  America  were  shot  at  the  navy  rifle 
range  at  Caldwell.  N.  J.,  Aug.  6-24  and  the 
national  matches  Aug.  25-29.  1919.  The  win- 
ners and  scores  in  the  principal  events  were 

National    team    match— United    States    Marine 

corps-  3  329 
National  individual  match— Sergt.  T.  B.  Crow 

ley,  A.  E.  F.:   289x300. 
United    service    match— United    States    Marine 

corps;  4.374. 

International    small-bore    team    match — Ameri- 
can team.  7.617  points:  British  team,  7.523. 
Hilton      trophy— Connecticut      civilian      team, 

3  216. 

Leech  cup — William  H.  Richards:  103. 
Enlisted    men's     team     match— United     States 

Marine  corps    (No.   2   team).    536. 
Marine  corps  cup    (free   for  all)— Sergt.  C.  D. 

Thompson.  U.   S.  M.   C..   193x200. 
Rapid  fire  match— Corporal  R.    C.   Coulter.   U. 

S.  M.   C.:    100. 

State  matches— Connecticut  team  No.  11.  640. 
President's    match— Sergt.    J.    B.    Rhine,    U.    S. 

M.   C.:   289x300. 

Grand  aggregate  match— Lieut.  J.  A.   Zimmer- 
man, U.  S.  M.  C.;  611x700. 

National  Team  Match. 

The  detailed  scores  of  the  national  team 
match,  shot  at  200,  500  and  1.000  yards,  and 
regarded  as  the  premier  event  of  the  Caldwell 
meet,  follow: 

U.   S.  Marine  corps    (first  prize) 3,329 

A.  E.  F.   team 3.282 

U.  S.  cavalry 3.272 

U.  S.  infantry 3.245 

U.  S.  navy 3.224 

Connecticut  civilian  team  (second  prize)    3,216 

Massachusetts   civilian   team 3,190 

Texas    civilian    team 3.179 

District  of  Columbia  civilian  team 3,175 

Missouri    civilian    team 3.164 

U.  S.  N.  T.   S.,   Great  Lakes 3,161 

Philippine    "couts    3.140 

Iowa    civilian    team 3,137 

Michigan    civilian    team 3,136 

New  York  civilian   team 3.130 

Arizona   civilian  team 3,128 

Wisconsin    civilian    team 3,126 

R.  O.  T.   C.,   Presidio  of   San  Francisco 

(third    prize)     3.107 

Pennsylvania    civilian    team 3.101 

R.  O.T.  C..   Camp    Custer.    Mich 3.097 

Ohio    civilian    team 3.097 

Grand   Rapids.   Mich.,   civilian   team 3.083 

California    civilian    team 3.081 

R.  O.  T.  C..  Camp  Taylor.  Ky 3.071 

Utah   civilian    team 3.070 

Maryland    civilian    team 3/>69 

Florida  civilian   team 3.060 

R.   O.   T.    C..    Camp   Lee.    Va 3.066 

Kansas   civilian   team 3.058 

Citadel  Military  academy.  S.  C 3,047 


SHOOTING  AT  SEA  GIRT.  N.  J. 

The  twenty-sixth  annual  interstate  shooting- 
tournament  at  Sea  Girt.  N.  J..  took  place  Sept. 
1-6,  1919.  Winners  and  scores  of  the  princi- 
pal events  were: 

Columbia   trophy   team— Sixth   New   Jersey  in- 
fantry:   1.567. 
National   guard   trophy— Third  battalion,   state 

militia;  1,425. 
Hayes    match— Corporal    Raymond    Coulter,    U. 

S.   M.   C.:    119. 
Meany   match— Sergt.  Morris  Fisher,  U.   S.   M. 

C.;  129. 
Spencer  match— Capt.  Eugene  L.  Mulally.  U.  S. 

M.  C.;   67. 
Liberty     match— Corporal     Raymond     Coulter. 

U.  S.  M.  C.;   95x100. 
Sea    Girt    championship— Private    Roy    Moore. 

U.  S.  M.  C.:   194x200. 
Dryden  match— U.   S.  M.  C.:   1.122. 
McAlpin  match— U.  S.  M.  C..    (No.  2)  ;  1.114. 
Sadler  trophy— U.   S.  M.  C.;   1,716. 

PISTOL   SHOOTING. 

At  Caldwell,  N.  J.,  Aug.  27.  Lieut.  C.  J. 
Christofferson.  U.  S.  A.,  won  the  national  pis- 
tol match  with  a  score  of  292  out  of  a  pos- 
sible 300.  

TRAP  SHOOTING. 
GRAND  AMERICAN  HANDICAP. 
The  twentieth  annual  Grand  American  hand- 
icap shoot  at  inanimate  targets  took  place 
on  the  grounds  of  the  South  Shore  Country 
club.  Chicago,  Aug.  11-15,  1919.  The  main 
event,  the  grand  handicap,  was  won  by  G. 
William  Lorimer  of  Troy,  O.,  after  shooting 
off  a  triple  tie  with  W.  E.  Gordon  of  Mobile. 
Ala.,  and  J.  Edward  Hellyer  of  Alexandria. 
Pa.,  each  having  a  score  of  98.  Lorimer  shot 
from  eighteen  yards.  Gordon  from  nineteen 
and  Hellyer  from  twenty-one  yards.  In  the 
shootoff  Lorimer  broke  eighteen  targets,  Gor- 
don seventeen  and  Hellyer  sixteen. 

Winners    of    other    events    decided    at    or    in 
connection  with  the  tournament  were: 
National   amateur  championship   single  target. 
18     yards     rise— Frank     Troeh,     Vancouver. 
•    Wash.;  200    (perfect  score). 
National  amateur  championship  at  single  tar- 
gets,  16  yards  rise   (open  to  state  champions 
only)— Frank    S.    Wright   of    Buffalo.    N.    Y.; 
199  out  of  200  targets. 

American  professional  championship,  singles. 
18  yards  rise — Bart  Lewis,  Albany,  HI.;  200 
(perfect  score). 

National  amateur  championship  at  double  tar- 
gets—Nicholas Airie  of  Menard,  Tex.;  91 
out  of  100. 

American    junior   amateur   championship — Geo. 
A.    Miller,    aged    10,    Brewton.    Ala.:    49    out 
of  50. 
Veteran's  championship— Any  Mayer.  Madison, 

Wis.:   46   out   of  50. 
Woman's    amateur    championship— Mrs.    A.    H. 

Winkler.  Chicago:  90  out  of  100. 
Army   and   navy   championship  —   Commander 
E.  P.  Williams.  U.  S.  N..  Washington,  D.  C.: 
99  out  of  100. 
East   vs.   West   team  race — Eastern   team;    962 

out  of  1,000. 

Class  competition— Class  A.  C.  M.  Powers.  D* 
catur.  111..  100  (perfect  score) ;  Class  B, 
E.  P.  Williams.  Washington.  D.  C.,  99  out 
of  100:  Class  C,  E.  C.  Wheeler,  Pawhuska, 
Okla..  98  out  of  100:  Class  D.  I.  C.  Harris. 
Fairbury.  111.,  95  out  of  100. 

Grand  Handicap   Winners. 
Year.  Winner.         Score. 
1900 — R.   O.   Heikps...  91 
1901—  E.   C.   Griffith...  95 

1902 — C.   W.    Floyd 94 

1903— M.  FHefenderfer  94 
1904— R.  D.  Ountill...  96 
1905— R.  R.  Barber...  99 


Year.  Winner. 


Score. 


1906— S.  E.  Rogers....  94 
1907— J.  J.  Blanks....  96 

1908— F.    Harlnw 92 

1909— Fred  Shattnok.  96 
1910— R.  Thompson... 100 
1911— Harvey  Dixon..  99 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


447 


Year.  Winner.  Score. 
1912— W.  E.  Phillips.  96 
1913— M.  S.  Hootman  97 
1914— W.  Henderson..  98 
1915-Louis  B.  Clarke  96 


Year.    Winner.    Score. 

1916— J.   P.  Wulf 99 

1917— Chas.  H.  Larson.98 
1918— J.  D.  Henry....  97 
1919— G.  W.  Lorimer..98 


Tom  Marshall  won  the  Grand  American  handi- 
cap in  1897-1899  at  Eldwood  Park.  N.  J. 

NATIONAL  AMATEUR  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  fourteenth  annual  trap  shooting  tourna- 
ment under  the  auspices  of  the  New  York 
Athletic  club  for  the  amateur  championship 
of  America  took  place  at  Travera  island. 
N.  Y..  May  2  and  3.  1919.  The  champion- 
ship was  a.gain  taken  by  Fred  Plum  of  Atlan- 
tic City,  N.  J..  by  a  score  of  194  out  of  a 
possible  200. 

In  an  interclub  match  between  teams  of 
five  representing  the  Chicago  Athletic  and  the 
New  York  Athletic  clubs,  the  men  repre- 
senting Chicago  won  by  the  following  score: 


Chicago   Athletic   Club. 
Ben  S.  Donnelly  192 

N.  Y.  Athletic  Club 
Fred  Plum       194 

G     L     Becker             190 

Chauncey  Powers  ...190 
G.  A.  Smith  189 

W.   H.   Yule  187 
A    L    Burns  .     ...  ..186 

Mark  Arie  189 

D    I    Bradley            185 

Total  950 

Total                          94R 

Amateur  champions 
Year.    Winner.       Score. 
1912—  B.  M.  Higgins..l85 
1913—  C.  H.  Newcomb.179 
1914—  Ralph  L.  Spotts.188 
1915—  Geo.  L.  Lyon...l92 

since  1912: 
Year.    Winner.      Score. 
1916—  R.    L.    Spotts...l96 
1917—  C.  H.  Newcomb.191 
1918—  Fred    Plum  197 
1919—  Fred  Plum  194 

WESTY  HOGAN  TOURNAMENT. 
The  thirteenth  annual  Westy  Hogan  shoot- 
ing tournament  took  place  at  Atlantic  City, 
N.  J..  Sept.  8-13.  1919.  The  high  average 
was  won  by  Woolfolk  Henderson  of  Kentucky 
with  a  total  of  472  targets  out  of  480  shot 
at.  The  handicap  was  won  by  George  Me- 
Cutcheon  of  the  New  York  Athletic  club  after 
a  shootoff  with  H.  J.  Thielman  and  G.  W. 
Blake.  The  Westy  Hogan  championship  was 
won  by  Frank  S.  Wright  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
after  a  shootoff  with  Woolfolk  Henderson 
and  S.  M.  Crothers,  each  having  made  99  out 
of  a  possible  100.  In  the  shootoff  Wright 
made  20  straight  while  the  other  two  scored 
19  each.  In  the  east  vs.  west  match  the 
western  team  won  with  a  score  of  2,311  to 
2.291  for  the  eastern  team. 

ILLINOIS  STATE  SHOOT. 

IPhe  forty-third  annual  tournament  of  the 
Illinois  State  Sportsmen's  association  was  held 
in  Galesburg  June  11-13.  1919.  The  amateur 
championship  was  won  by  Mark  Arie  of 
Thomasboro.  111.,  with  a  score  of  295  out  of 
a  possible  300.  A.  D.  Sperry  of  Rock  Island 
and  C.  A.  Carroll  of  Joliet  were  tied  for  sec- 
ond with  294  hits  each.  H.  C.  Daley  of  Car- 
linville  made  the  longest  continuous  run,  170. 
B.  C.  Meents  of  Kankakee.  with  a  score  of  20 
in  a  shootoff.  won  the  Jefferson  Hotel  CUP. 
The  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  diamond  badge 
was  won  by  Frank  Remy  of  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
with  98  from  the  19-yard  mark.  Mrs.  How- 
ard Almert  of  Chicago  won  the  women's  state 
championship  with  261.  The  hierh  average 
for  women  on  all  targets  during  the  tourna- 
ment was  won  by  Mrs.  A.  H.  Winkler  of 
Chicago. 

The  1920  meet  will  be  held  in  Chicagp. 
The  president  of  the  association  is  Louis 
Clark  of  Chicago  and  James  Groves  of  Chi- 
cago is  the  secretary-treasurer. 

CHICAGO   GRAND  HANDICAP. 
Year.  Winner.  Score1. 

1910— Albert  Southward.   Pecatonica.   HI.... 94 

1911— W.  F.  Riley.  Chicago.   Ill 93 

1912— Henry  Carstens,  Lowell,   Ind 93 


Year.  Winner.  Score. 

1913— J.  F.  Caldwell.  Concordia.  Kas 98 

1914— Sam  Hunter,  Vancouver.  B.  C 90 

1915— P.  J.  Krueger.  Blue  Island.  Ill 95 

1916— John   Kammerman.    Grant  Park.   111.  .95 

1917— J.  H.  May.  Chicago,  111 98 

1918-1919— No  contests. 

HERCULES  AMATEUR  TROPHY. 
Mark  Arie  of  Thomasboro,  111.,  won  perma- 
nent possession  of  the  Hercules  amateur  all- 
around  championship  in  trap  shooting  by  de- 
feating Frank  Troeh  of  Vancouver,  Wash. 
Forrest  McNeir  of  Houston,  Tex.,  and  A.  H. 
Winkler  of  Chicago  at  the  South  Shore  Coun- 
try club,  Chicago,  Aug.  9,  1919.  The  total 
score  of  each  contestant  was:  Arie,  195; 
Troeh,  190;  McNeir,  183;  Winkler,  176.  For- 
rest McNeir  won  the  right  to  shoot  in  the 
match  by  defeating-  Frank  Troeh  at  the  same 
traps  on  Aug.  7  by  a  score  of  184  to  183. 

HERCULES  OPEN  TROPHY. 

Frank  Troeh  of  Vancouver,  Wash.,  re- 
tained possession  of  the  Hercules  open  trophy 
by  defeating  at  the  South  Shore  Country  club, 
Chicago,  on  Aug.  9.  1919.  J.  R.  Graham  of 
Ingleside,  111,.  Homer  Clark,  Alton.  111.,  and 
Bart  Lewis  of  Auburn,  111.  The  scores  were: 
Troeh,  190:  Graham,  173:  Clark,  171;  Lewis, 
168. 

CHICAGO  A.  A.  VS.  NEW  YORK  A.  C. 

The  Chicago  Athletic  association  team  of 
five  trapshooters  defeated  a  similar  team  from, 
the  New  York  Athletic  club  in  a  match  at 
the  South  Shore  Country  club  on  Aug.  10. 
1919.  The  score  was  974  to  934  in  favor 
of  the  western  team. 

STATE  CHAMPIONS  IN  1919. 
Alabama— W.  E.  Gordon. 
Arizona — T.  L.  Edens. 
Arkansas— J.  E.  Chatfield. 
California— J.  F.  Dodds. 
Colorado-New  Mexico— W.  R.  Thomas. 
Connecticut— H.  C.  Barstow. 
Delaware— William  Foord. 
District  of  Columbia— R.  D.  Morgan. 
Florida— W.  N.  Boyleston. 
Georgia— H.  D.  Freeman. 
Idaho— Charles  Hahn. 
Illinois— Mark  Arie. 
Indiana— M.  E.  Dewire. 
Iowa— B.  F.  Elbert. 
Kansas— J.  F.  Cairns. 
Kentucky— Woolfolk  Henderson. 
Maine— A.  H.  Waldron. 
Maryland — R.  D.  Morgan. 
Massachusetts— G.  L.   Osborn. 
Michigan — J.  A.   Skinner. 
Minnesota— J.  E.  Harker. 
Missouri — William   Akard. 
Montana— E.  L.  Robbins. 
.Nebraska— Ed  Varner. 
New  Hampshire— E.  E.  Reed. 
New   York— Frank  Wright. 
North  Carolina — H.  A.  Morson. 
North  Dakota— A.  R.  Chezik. 
Ohio— L.  M.  Weeden. 
Oklahoma— V.    H.    Francis. 
Oregon — J.  W.  Seavey. 
Pennsylvania— Ed  Hellyer.   Jr. 
Rhode  Island— C.  H.  Dillon. 
South   Carolina — P.    R.    Earle, 
South  Dakota— Frank  Hughes. 
Tennessee — O.  Williams. 
Texas— Nic  Arie. 
Utah— C.   H.  Reilly. 
Vermont — C.   H.   Burr. 
Virginia— H.  C.  Laird. 
Washington — F.  M.   Troeh. 
West  Virginia— R.  Gerstell,  Jr. 
Wisconsin— F.  G.  Fuller. 
Wyoming— A.  C.  Rice. 
Canada— W.  Hamilton  and  S.  G.  Vance. 


448 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


MOTORING. 


WORLD'S  SPEED  CLASSICS. 

Vandcrbilt  Cup. 
Tear.    Winning  driver  and  car.         Miles.    Time. 

1904—  Heath,  Panhard,  France  ......  284.40    6:26:4i 

1»05—  Hemery,   Darracq,  France  ____  283.00    4:S6:08 

1906—  Wagaer.   Darracq,    France..  ..29/.10    4:i>0:10% 
1908  —  Robertson,  Locomobile,  Amer- 

ica  ...........................  258.60    4:00:4Sys 

19«9—  Grant,    Alco,    America  ........  278.08    4:25:42 

1910—  Grant.  Alco,  America  .........  278.08    4:15:58 

1911—  Mulfor.l.  Loaier.  America  .....  291.38    3:56:00% 

1913—  De    Palma.     Mercedes,     Ger- 

many .........................  300.00    4:20:31 

1914—  De     Palma,     Mercedes,     Ger- 

many   ........................  295.00    1:53:41 

1915—  Resta.  Peugeot,  France  .......  300.30    4:27:37 

1916—  Resta,    Peugeot,    France  ......  294.00    8:22:48 

No  races  since  1916. 

American  Grand  Prize. 
1908—  Wagmer.  Fiat.  Italy  ...........  402.08    6:10:31 

1910  —  Bruce-Brown,  Benz,  Germany.4i5.20    6:03:05 

1911—  Bruce-Brown,  Fiat,  Italy  .....  411.36    5:31:29 

1912—  Brag?,  Fiat.  Italy  ............  409.00    5:59:27 

1914—  Pollen,  Mercer.  America  ......  403.24    5:13:"0 

1915—  Resta,   Peugeot.  France  .......  400.28    7:07:57 

1916—  Aitken,    Peugeot.    France  .....  403.25    4:42:47 
No  races  in  1909,  1913  or  since  1916. 

French  Grand  Prix. 
190*-Szis*.    Renault,    France  ......  774.00    12:14:05 

1907—  Nazzaro.    Fiat.   Italy  .........  478.30      6:45:33 

1905—  Lnutensohlager,        Mercedes, 

Germany  ....................  478.30      6:53:43 

1912—  Boillot,    Peu-eot,    France....  956.00    13:53:02 

1913—  Boillot,  Peugeot,  France  .....  300.00     6:07:00 
1914  —  Lautenschlager,       Mercedes, 

Germany    ...................  467.00      T:08:18 

No  races  since  1914. 

Gordon  Bennett  Cup. 

1900—  Charron.    Panhard,   France..  351.  00     9:09:39 

1901—  Girardot,  Panhard,  France...  327.00     8:50:30 

1902—  Edge,  Napier.  England  .......  383.00    10:42:00 

1903  —  Jenatzy,  Mercedes,  Germany.386.00      8:36:00 

1904—  Thery,  Brasier,  France  .......  350.00     5:40:03 

1905—  Thery,   Brasier,   France  ......  342.00     7:02:42 

190ft—  Race  discontinued. 

Elgin  Trophy. 
1919—  Mulford,    Lozier,    America...  805.20    4:52:29.84 

1911—  Zengle,    National,    America..  305.20    4:35:39.08 

1912—  R.  de  Palma,  Mercedes,  Ger- 

many   ........................  254.00    3:42:20 

1918—  Anderson.    Stutz.    America...  301.68    4:13:38 

1914—  R.  de  Palma,  Mercedes,  Ger- 

many  ........................  301.68    4:06:18 

1915—  Anderson.  Stutz.  America....  301.  84    8:54:25 
1916-1917-1918—  No    races. 

1919—  Milton,     Duesenberg     Special. 

America    ....................  301   ,     4:05:17 

Chicago  Automobile   Club  Cup. 
1918  —  R.   de   Palma,  Mercer,  Amer- 

ica   ..........................  801.68    4:31:56 

1914—  R.  de  Palma,  Mercedes,  Ger- 

many   ........................  301.68    4:03:01 

1915—  B.    Cooper.    Stut*.   America..  301.84    4:01:32 
1916-1919—  No  contests. 

Indianapolis  Speedway  Race. 

1911  —  Harroun,  Marmon,  America  .....  500    1:42:08 

1912—  Dawson.  National.  America  .....  500    6:21:03 

1913—  Goux,    Peugeot,   France  ..........  500    6:33:05 

1914—  Thomas.    Delate.     France  .......  ROO    6:03:45 

1915—  De  Palma.  Mercedes.  Germany.500    5:33:55 

1916—  Resta.    Peugeot.    France  .........  800    3:34:17 

1917-1918—  No  race*. 

1919—  Wilcox,    Peugeot,    France  .......  500    B:44:21 

Chicago  Derby. 

1917—  Cooper,    Stu+z,    AmericT  ........  250    2:23:"9 

1913—  Chevrolet.  Frontenac.  America.  100      65:29.60 
1919—  Race  discontinued. 


R  HOUR   RECORD. 
Joe  Dawton    ia    a   Chalmers    car  made   a   BOW 


world's  record  for  twenty-four  hours  by  running 
l.dOOtt  miles)  oil  the  Sheepshead  Bay  speedway 
Aug.  2.  1917.  The  best  previous  record  was  1,819 
miles  by  Ralph  Mulford  on  tiie  same  track  May 
1-2.  1916. 

ONE-HOUR  RECORD. 

Driving  a  Packard  oa  the  Bheepshead  Bay 
speedway  at  New  York  Nov.  12.  1917,  Ralph 
De  Palma  made  112.4  miles  in  one  hour.  The 
best  previous  record  wns  107  miles  by  Jeaa 
Chassagne  on  the  Urooklands  track,  England, 
ia  1910. 

TRANSCONTINENTAL  RECORDS. 

The  coast  to  coast  records  were  established  Jn 
•"916.  In  the  order  of  their  occurrence  the  per- 
formances were  as  follows: 

Robert  Hammond  in  an  Empire  car  drove  from 
San  Francisco  to  New  York,  a  distance  by  the 
route  taken  of  8.384  miles,  in  6  days  10  hours 
59  minutes  May  16-23.  This  lowered  the  rec 
ord  set  the  previous  week  by  a  Cadillac  ei?ht 
cylinder  car.  which  made  the  trip  from  Los  An 
celes  to  New  York  In  7  days  11  hours  52  minutes. 

Driving  a  Mannon  84,  8.  B.  Stevens  arrived 
In  San  Francisco  at  5  p.  m..  Jnly  29.  just  6 
days  18  hours  30  minutes  out  from  New  York 
city. 

W.  P.  Sturm,  drlvlnjc  a  Hudson  Super-Sir,  madu 
the  distance  from  San  Francisco  to  New  York  in 
exr.ctly  5  days  3  hours  81  minutes  Sept.  IS- 
IS and  then  made  the  return  trip  in  5  days  17 
hours  82  minutes,  mtkin?  the  time  for  the 
round  trip  10  days  21  hours  3  minutes.  The  dis- 
tance traveled  was  6,592  miles. 

CHICAGO-NEW  YORK  RECORD. 

B.  F.  Durham  and  Al  Walden  drove  from  Chi- 
cago to  New  York  in  31  hours  flrt  June  6-7,  1916. 
the  total  mileage  by  the  route  taken  being  1,047. 

SPEEDWAY  RACING  IN  1919. 

Following1  were  the  results  of  the  principal 
automobile  speedway  races  in  1919: 
Uniontown,  Pa..  May  19 — 112.5  mile  race  won 

Vy  Tommy  Milton  in  1 :10  9-32. 
Indianapolis.  Ind..  Mry  31 — 500  mile  race  won 

by    "Howdy"    Wiloox    in    6:44:21.75.     (Two 

drivers  and  a  mechanician  were  killed  in  this 

race.) 
Sheepshead  Bay.  N.  T..  June  14 — 50  mile  race 

won  by  Ralph  de  Palma  in  26:23%   (world's 

record) :  10  mile  race  won  by  Tom  Milton  in 

6:20%:  30  mile  race  won  by  Ralph  Mulford 

in  16:203-10:  10  mile  race  won  by  Mulford 

in  5:23%. 
Sheepshead  Bay.   N.  T.,  July  4—100  mile  *n- 

tomobile    Derby    won    by    Gaston    Chevrolet 

in  54:17%    (wood's  roco-d) . 
Tscoma.  Wash..  July  4 — 40  m^le  r?ce  won  by 

Ralph  Mulford  in  24:02%:  60  mile  race  won 

by  Louis  Chevrolet  in  36:47%. 
Uniontown.  Pa..  July  19 — 22.5   mile  race  won 

hy  Tommy  Milton. 
Uniontown.    Pa..    Sept.    1 — 225    mile  race   won 

by  Joe  Boyer  in  2 :24  19-68. 
Johnstown.    Pa..     Sept.     6 — 26    mile    race    for 

85,000  puree  won  by  Gaston  Chevrolet,  iwho 

was  matched  against  Omrr  Toft. 
Sheepshead    Bay.    N.    T..    Sept.    20—150    mile 

race  won  by  Gaston  Chevrolet  in  1 :22 :34% 

(world's  record). 
Cincinnnti.  O..  Oct.  12—250  mile  race  -won  by 

Joe   Boyer   *t   an   average   speed   of   101.69 

miles  an  hour.    - 

ROAD  RACING  IN  1919. 
Only  a  few  road  rac-s  r-«re  run  in  1819. 
At  Santa  Monica.  Cal..  March  15.  Cliff  Durant 
won  a  270.34  mile  race  in  3:04:45.  J.  R. 
Copes  won  the  110  mile  Denver-Cheyenne  road 
racs.  July  22.  in  2:11:59.  The  Elgin  road 
race  of  801  miles  was  run  Aug.  23  and  was 
won  by  Tom  Millon  in  4:05:17. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


449 


AMERICAN  SPEEDWAY  RECORDS,  REGARD  LESS  OF  CLASS. 


Distance. 
%  mile 
H  mile 
1    kilometer 

1  mile 

2  miles 

3  miles 
5    miles 
10  miles 
20  miles 
SO  miles 
40  miles 
60  miles 
100  miles 
150  milea 
200  miles 
850  miles 
300  miles 
350  miles 
400  miles 
450  miles 
500  miles 


5  miles 
10  miles 
15  miles 
20  miles 
50  miles 
100  miles 
150  miles 
200  miles 
250  miles 


Time.  Driver.  Car.  Place. 

8.16  ......  Burman  ........  Blitzen-Benz    ...Indianapolis  _____ 

16.60  ......  Oldfield  ........  Christie   .........  Tacoma    ........ 

21.40  ......  Burman  ........  Blitzen-Benz    ...Indianapolis  ____ 

31.60  ......  Oldfield  ........  Christie  .........  Tacoma    ........ 

58.20  ____  ..Rader  ...........  Packard    ........  Sheepshead  Bay. 

1:54.83  ......  Bragg:  ..........  piat    ............  Los  Angeles  ..... 

3:00.00  ......  Orr  .............  Maxwell   ........  Omaha    ......... 

4:55.75  ......  Rader  ..........  Packard   ........  Sheepshead  Bay. 

10:58.80  ......  De  Palma  .....  Packard    ........  New  York  ....... 

16:20.30  ......  Mulford  Frontenac    ......  Sheepshead  Bay. 

21:52.00  ......  Aitken    "      .   .Peugeot    ........  Sheepshead  Bay. 

26:23.20  ......  De   Palma  ......  Packard    ........  Sheepshead  Bay. 

54:17.12  ......  Chevrolet  ......  Frontenac    ......  Sheepshead  Bay. 

1:22:20.00  ......  Chevrolet  ......  Frontenac    ......  Sheepshead  Bay. 

1:56:21.40  ......  Aitken  .........  P«nppot  .........  Sheepshead  Bay. 

2  :23  :04.02  ......  Aitken  .........  Peugeot  .........  Sheepshead  Bay. 

2  :55  :32.23  ......  Anderson  ......  Stutz  .............  Sheepshead  Bay. 

3  :24  :42.00  ......  Anderson  ......  Stutz  .............  Sheepshead  Bay. 

4:04:49.09  ......  Resta  .........  Peugeot    ........  Chicago    ........ 

4:34:05.78  ......  Resta  .........  Peugeot    .  .......  Chicago    ........ 

Resta  .........  Peugeot    ........  Chicago    ........ 

RECORDS.  REGARDLESS  OF 
Car.  Plt.ce. 

.Packard    ........  Daytona   ........ 

.Packard*  ........  Daytona   ........ 

.Packard    ........  Daytona   ........ 

.Packard    ........  Daytona   ........ 

.Packard   ........  Daytona   ........ 

2:04.58  ......  De  Palma  ......  Packard    ........  Daytona   ... 

4:09.31  ......  De  Palma  ......  Packard    ........  Daytona   ... 

6:48.75  ......  De  Palma  ......  Packard    ........  Daytona   .... 

8:54.20  ......  De  Palma  ......  Packard    ........  Daytona    ... 

35:52.31  ......  Burman    ......  Buick    Bug  ......  Jacksonville 

1:12:45.20  ......  Bernin  ........  Renault    ........  Daytona    ... 

1:55:18.00  ......  Disbrow   ......  Special    .........  Jacksonville 

2:34:12.00  ......  Disbrow   ......  Special    .........  Jacksonville 

3:14:55.00  ......  Disbrow   ......  Special    .........  Jacksonville 


..5:07:26.00.. 

STRAIGHTAWAY  FREE-FOR-ALL 
Distance.  Time. 

1    kilometer  .....  15.86 

1  mile  ...........  24.02 

2  miles  ..........  49.54 

3  miles  ..........       1:15.04 

4  miles  ..........        1:39.77 


De  Palma 
De  Palma 
De  Palma 
De  Palma 
De  Palma 


Disbrow   ...... 

300  miles  ........  3:53:33.50  ......  Disbrow   ......  Special    .........  Jacksonville 

81.65  miles  ......  1:00:00.00  ......  Disbrow    ......  Special    .........  Jacksonville 

(Standing   start) 
1    mile  ...........  38.83  ......  De  Palma  ......  Packard    ........  Daytona 

•Special  twelve  cylinder  aviation  engine. 

ONE  MILE  CIRCULAR  DIRT  TRACK  RECORDS. 


Date. 

.May  29,  1911 
.July  5.  1915 
.May  29,  1911 
.July  5.  1915 
.July  25.  1917 
.May  5,  1913 
.July  5.  1915 
.July  25.  1917 
.Aug.  18.  1917 
.Aug.  17.  1918 
.Oct.  28.  1P16 
.June  14.  1919 
.  Sept.  22.  1917 
.Sept.  20,  1919 
.Oct.  9.  1915 
.Sept.  30.  1916 
.Oct.  9.  1915 
.Oct.  9.  1915 
June  26.  1915 
'.June  26.  1915 
.June  26,  1915 
CLASS. 

Date. 

.Feb.  12.  1939 
.Feb.  12.  1919 
.Feb.  16.  1919 
.Feb.  16.  1919 
.Feb.  16.  1919 
.Feb.  16.  1919 
.Feb.  16.  191& 
.Feb.  17.  1919 
.Feb.  17.  1919 
.  Mar.  28,  1911 
.Mar.  6.  1908 
.Mar.  31.  1911 
.Mar.  31.  1911 
.Mar.  31.  1911 
.Mar.  31.  1911 
.Mar.  28.  1911 


Feb.   17.  1019 


Distance. 

1  mile 

2  miles , 

3  miles. 
4 


Time.  Driver. 

46.20 Disbrow 

1:32.60 Disbrow 

2:27.81 Disbrow 

iles! .........  3 :17.02 Disbrow 

miles 4 :06.58 Disbrow 

10  miles 8:16.40 Burman 

15  miles 12:23.20.. 

20  milts 16:25.60.. 

25  miles 20:28.80.. 

50  miles 40:57.80.. 

75   miles 1:08:56.00.. 

100  miles 1:31:30.00.. 

150  miles 2:30:51.00.. 

200  miles 3:21:48.00.. 


Car.  Place.  .         Date. 

...Simplex    St.    Louis,    Mo  .   Aug.     8.   1914 

...Simplex    St.   Louis.   Mo. ...Aug.     8,   1914 

...Simplex    Cleveland.  O Sept.  14,   1912 

Simplex    Cleveland,  O Sept.  14,   1912 

Simplex    Cleveland.  O Sept.  14,   1912 

Peugeot    Bakersfield,    Cal..  Jan.      3.   1915 

Peugeot    Bakersfield.    Cal. .Jan.      3,  1915 

Peugeot    Bakersfield,    CaL.Jan.      3,   1915 

Peugeot    Bakersfield,    CaL.Jan.      3.   1915 

Peugeot    Bakersfield,    CaL.Jan.      3.   1916 

Peugeot    Galesburg,    111.... Oct.    22.   1914 

Alley  Duesenberg   Hamline.    Minn... Oct.    24.   1914 

Wishart    Mercer   Columbus,    O.... Aug.  25.   1912 

'"Mulford    Mason  Special... Columbus,    O July     4,  1913 


.Burman 
,  Burman 
.Burman 
.Burman 
.  Burman 


MOTORCYCLING. 

NEW  RECORDS. 

Two  new  world's  records  in  long  distance 
motorcycling  were  made  at  the  Sheepshead 
Bay  (N  Y.)  races  Oct.  11,  1919.  Albert 
Burns  of  Los  Angeles.  Cal..  rode  100  miles 
in  1:07:57  and  Ray  Wishaar  of  Bridgeport, 
Conn.,  made  50  miles  in  32:57%. 

Wells  Bennett  of  Los  Angeles.  Cal..  estab- 
lished a  new  "three  flag"  motorcycle  record 
July  25  1919  when  he  completed  a  ride  from 
the  Canadian  border  at  Elaine,  Wash.,  to 
Pia  Juana.  Mex.,  a  distance  of  1.714  miles  in 
53  hours  28  minutes. 

NATIONAL  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

The  long  distance  motorcycle  championship 
contests  of  1919  took  place  at  the  Sheeps- 
head Bay  (N.  Y.)  speedway  Oct.  11.  1919. 
with  the  following  results: 


10  miles— Won  by  Eugene  Walker  (Indian) : 
second.  Ray  Wishaar  (Harley-Davidson) : 
third,  Teddy  Carrol  (Indian);  fourth,  L.  E. 
Parkhurst  (Harley-Davidson).  Tim^.  6:19%. 

10  miles  side  car— Won  by  S.  J.  Riddle  (In- 
dian) :  second,  F.  H.  Dreyer  (Indian)  :  third, 
William  Brazenor  (Harley-Davidson):  fourth. 
Mike  Costello  (Harley-Davidson) .  Time. 
8:55%. 

2  miles — Won  by  Otto  Walker  (Harley -David- 
son) ;  second.  Eugene  Walker  (Indian)  :  third. 
Teddy  Carrol  (Indian)  :  fourth.  Ray  Wishaar 
(Harley-Davidson).  Time.  1:14%. 

10  mile  Metropolitan  championship— Won  by 
E.  H/  Farrell  (Harley-Davidson)  ;  second. 
Mike  Costello  (Harley-Davidson)  :  thiad,  F. 
H.  Dreyer  (Indian)  :  fourth,  S.  J.  Riddle 
(Indian).  Time.  6:47%. 

25  mile  side  car  championship— Won  by  Teddy 
Carrol  (Indian-Flexible)  ;  second.  Eugene 


450 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920, 


Walker  (Indian-National)  :  third.  Albert 
Burns  (Harley -Davidson-Flexible).  Time  not 
announced. 

50  mile  national  championship— Won  by  Ray 
Wishaar  (Harley-Davidson)  ;  second.  Fred 
Nixon  (Indian):  third.  Albert  Burns  (Har- 
ley-Davidson). Time.  32:57%  (world's  rec- 
ord). 

100  mile  championship — Won  by  Albert  Burns 
(Harley-Davidson)  ;  second.  Maldwin  Jones 
(Harley-Davidson)  :  third.  Fred  Nixon  (In- 
dian) ;  fourth.  L.  G.  Buckner  (Indian): 
fifth.  John  H.  Linder  (Harley-Davidson) : 
sixth.  Ralph  Hebron  (Harley-Davidson)  : 
seventh.  A.  Barnes  (Indian) .  Time.  1 :07 :57. 

20  mile  stock  championship— Won  by  Albert 
Burns  (Harley-Davidson):  second.  Eugene 
Walker  (Indian)  :  third.  Maldwin  Jones  (Har- 
ley-Davidson). Time.  14:24. 

BOWLING. 

AMERICAN  BOWLING  CONGRESS. 
Leading1    winners    in    the    nineteenth    annual 
tournament  of  the  American  Bowling-  congress 
held  in  Toledo.  O..  March  8-April  1,  1919: 

Five-Man   Teams. 

Athearn   Hotel.    Oshkosh 2.992 

Gregg-  All   Star.  Cleveland 2.983 

Lincoln  Life  Ins.  Co..  Fort  Wayne 2,959 

Birk   Bros.  No.    1.  Chicago 2.930 

Potter  Shoes.  Cincinnati 2.922 

Schwabl   No.   1.   Buffalo 2.918 

St.   Louis  Cardinals.   St.  Louis 2.900 

Burrell  Belting-  Co.,  Chicago 2.890 

Bicycle  Playing-  Cards.   Cincinnati 2.890 

Kramer  Atlantic  Garden.   Pittsburgh 2.880 

Two-Man   Teams. 

Kallusch-Barnes.    Rochester    1 .305 

Krapp-Hahn,    Chicago    1.275 

Pekie-Lellinger.    Chicago    1.258 

Davies-Mitchell.    Chicago    1.257 

Schwoegler-Kartheiser.    Madison    1.256 

Smart-Boyle.   Cleveland   1,249 

Daiker-Wetterman.   Cincinnati    1.248 

Heller-Bugenhagen.    Chicago    1.247 

Hand-Dengwell.    Detroit    1 .245 

Ralson-Smith.   Detroit    1.244 

Moede-Haller,   Milwaukee    1 .244 

Singles. 

H.    Cavan.    Pittsburgh 718 

A.  Polard.   Indianapolis 714 

Joe   Rivest.    Chicago 690 

D.    Devito.    Chicago 690 

M.   Lindsey.   New   Haven 690 

J.    Schliemer.    Cleveland 688 

W.    Scully,    Detroit 685 

P.    Miller.    Toledo 683 

J.    Reilly.    Chicago 672 

H.   Yockey,    Cincinnati 672 

J.    Smith.   Milwaukee 670 

All  Events. 

H.  Lindsey.  New  Haven *. 1.933 

F.    Caruana.    Buffalo 1.928 

J.    Reilly.    Chicago 1.917 

Hess.    Chicago    1.909 

H.   Cavan.    Pittsburgh 1.910 

J.   Schliemer.   Cleveland 1.890 

J.   Genal.   Oshkosh 1.897 

H.    Yockey,    Cincinnati 1.881 

J.    Smith.   Milwaukee 1.866 

Championship  Records. 

Five-Man  Teams. 
Year.  Team  and  city.  Score. 


1901— Standards.     Chicago 

1902— Fidelias,  New  York 

1903— O'Learys,    Chicago 

1904— Ansons,     Chicago 

1905— Gunthers    No.    2,    Chicago 

1906— Centurys   No.    1,    Chicago 

1907— Furniture   Citys,    Grand  Rapids.  . 

1908— Bonds,    Columbus,   O 

1909— Lipmang,    Chicago 


.720 
.792 
,819 
,737 
.795 
.794 
.775 
.9-27 
,962 


1910 — Cosmos,    Chicago . 


.2.1 


1911— Fieiiners,    Chicago, 2,924 

1912 — Brunswick  All  Stars.  New  York.  .  .2.904 

1913— Flor  de  Knispeis,  St.  Paul 3,006 

1914— Monko  club.  New  Haven 2,944 

1915— Barry-Kettelers,    Chicago 2.907' 

1916— Commodore    Barrys,    Chicago 2.905 

1917— Birk  Brothers.  Chicago 3.061 

1918— Aquillas,     St.     Paul 3.022 

1919— Athearn  Hotel.  Oshkosh 2.993 

Two-Man  Teams. 

1901— Voorhees-Starr.  New  York 1,203 

1902— McLean-Steers.     Chicago 1,237 

1903— Collins-Selbach.     Columbus 1,227 

1904— Kraus-Spies.     Washington 1,184 

1905— Stretch-Rolf  e,     Chicago 1,213 

1906— Hamilton-Husey,     Philadelphia 1,268 

1907— Richter-Bigley,    Louisville 1,164 

1908— Kiene-Chalmers.  Chicago 1,254 

1909— Schwoeg-ler  Brothers.  Madison,  Wis. 1.304 
1910— Daiker-Wetterman,  Cincinnati ....  1,231 
1911— Hartley-Seiler.  East  Liverpool.  0. 1,246 

1912— Owen-Sutton,    Louisville,    Ky 1,259 

1913— Schultz-Koster,   Newark.    N.   J 1,291 

1914— Negley- Van   Ness,    Newark 1,245 

1915— Allen-Allen.     Detroit 1,297 

1916— Thoma-Marino,    Chicago 1,297 

1917— Satorius-Holzschuh,    Peoria,    111...  1,346 

1918 — Steers-Thoma,    Chicago 1.335 

1919— Kallusch-Barnes.   Rochester    1,305 

Singles. 

1901— Frank  H.    Brill.   Chicago 648 

1902— Fred    Strong,    Chicago 649 

1903— David   A.    Jones,    Milwaukee 683 

1904— Martin  Kern.   St.  Louis 647 

1905 — C.   Anderson,   St.  Paul 651 

1906— Frank  T.  Favour,  Oshkosh 669 

1907— M.     Levey.     Indianapolis 624 

1908— A.    Wengler,    Chicago 699 

1909— Larry   Sutton,    Rochester,    N.    Y....691 

1910— Thomas   Haley,    Detroit 705 

1911— J.    Blouin,   Chicago 681 

1912— Larry    Sutton.   Rochester.    N.    Y....679 

1913 — F.  Peterson.  Columbus,  O 693 

1914— William   Miller,    Detroit 675 

1915— W.    H.   Pierce.    Pueblo.    Col 711 

1916— Sam    Schliman,    Toronto 685 

1917— Otto  Kallusch,  Rochester,  N.   Y 698 

1918— C.    Styles.    Detroit 702 

1919— H.   Cavan.    Pittsburgh 718 

All  Events   (9   Games). 


1901— Frank  H.  Brill.  Chicago 

1902— John  Roster,  New  York 

1903 — Fred    Strong,    Chicago 

1904— Martin   Kern,    St.    Louis 

1905— J.    G.    Reilly,    Chicago 

1906— J.    T.    Leacock.    Indianapolis 

1907— Harry    Ellis.    Grand    Rapids 

1908— R.   Crabe.   East  Liverpool,   O 

1909— James    Blouin,    Chicago... 


.737 
.841 
.896 
,804 
.791 
.794 
.767 
.910 
.909 


1910— Thomas  Haley,  Detroit 961 


1911— James    Smith.     Buffalo, 
1912— P.    Sutton,    Louisville. 


1913— E.  Herrman.   Cleveland 972 

897 
876 
919 


.919 
.843 


1914— William  Miller,  Detroit 

1915— Mattie    Faetz.    Chicago.... 
1 916— Frank    Thoma,    Chicago  .  .  . 

1 917— Henry   Miller.    Detroit 1.945 

1 918— H.    Steers.    Chicago 1.952 

1919— H.  Lindsey.   New  Haven 1.933 

Officers  of  the  American  Bowling-  congress 
1919-1920:  President,  Robert  Brown.  Louis- 
ville. Ky.:  secretary.  Abe  Lang-worthy,  Mil- 
waukee. Wis.:  treasurer.  F.  L.  Pasdeloup.  Chi- 
cago, m. 

WOMEN'S  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

In  the  championship  tournament  held  by 
the  Women's  National  Bowling  association  in 
Toledo,  O..  April  2-3,  1919,  the  five-woman 
event  was  won  by  the  Minor  Butlers  of  To- 
ledo with  a  mark  of  2.436  and  the  double 
event  by  Mrs.  G.  Butterworth  and  Mrs.  F. 
Steib  of  Chicago  with  1.042  points.  Mrs.  B. 
Husk  of  Newark.  N.  J .  took  the  champion- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


451 


ship  in  sing-lea  with  a  score  of  594.  Mrs.  Z. 
Quinn  of  Chicago  was  elected  president  for 
1919-1920.  The  1920  tournament  was  as- 
signed to  Chicago. 

INTERNATIONAL   BOWLING   ASSOCIATION. 
The   International   Bowling-  association  tour- 
nament of  1919  was  held  in  St.  Paul.  Minn.. 
Feb.  11-21  inclusive.     Event  winners  to  date: 

Five-Man   Teams.        ^ 
Year.  Team  and  city.  Score. 

1903— Acmes,    St.    Paul 2.726 

1904— Capitols.    St.    Paul 2.694 

1905 — Courts.  St.  Paul 2,820 

1906— Capitols,    St.    Paul 2,746 

1907— Pfisters.  St.  Paul 2,781 

1908— Anheuser-Busch.    St.    Paul 2.789 

1909— Doris.    St.    Paul 2,653 

'  1910— Chalmers-Detroits,   Chicago 2.760 

1911— Capitols,    St.   Paul 2,849 

1912— Americans.    St.    Paul 2.905 

1913— Blatz,     Chicago 2,916 

1914— Flor  de  Knispels,  St.  Paul 2.910 

1915— Doris.    St.    Paul 3,014 

1916— Centrals,    Minneapolis 2,880 

1917— Fiat.  Minneapolis 2,822 

1918— Schmidts.    St.    Paul 2,928 

1919-Schmidts.   St.   Paul 2,815 

Two-Man   Teams. 

1903— Alness-Wooley,    Minneapolis 1,213 

1904— Hansen-Parker,     Minneapolis 1,174 

1905— Wooley-Garland,    Minneapolis..     ..1,277 

1906— Gosewich-Muggley.  St.  Paul 1,160 

1907— Listy-Fergruson,   Duluth 1,196 

1908— Moshofsky-Hinderer,    St.    Paul 1.246 

1909-Yost-Miller,  St.  Paul. 1.195 

1910— Martin-Vandertunk,   St.   Paul 1,243 

1911— Martin- Vandertunk.   St.   Paul 1.308 

1912— Lee-De    Vos.    Milwaukee 1,222 

1913— Klaes-Klaes.  Duluth 1,221 

1914 — Gibson-Robler.  Winnipeg 1.258 

1915— Tennyson-Newhouse,  Minneapolis.  .1,265 

1916— Miller-Nystrom.    St.    Paul 1.201 

1917— Wagner-Karlicek.  Chicago 1,234 

1918— Wilke-Wolfe.   Minneapolis 1,309 

1919— Metcalf-Matak.  St.  Paul  1.204 

Singles. 

1903— Skorish.   St.   Paul 674 

1904— Alness.    Minneapolis 658 

1905— Kampman,    St.  Paul 636 

1906— G.    Olson.    Duluth 589 

1906— Werner.    Winona 589 

1907— Wooley,     Minneapolis .  .  617 

1908— Campbell.    Duluth 622 

1909— Dolan,  Minneapolis 636 

1910— Johnson.   Minneapolis 618 

1911— Con   Sandblom.    St.    Paul 693 

1912— F.  L.   Trainer,   Sioux  City 642 

1913— Harry   Steers.    Chicago 654 

1914— Victor  Weber.  Le  Mars,  Iowa 671 

1915— H.    Marino,    Chicag-o 679 

1916— W.  C.  Fust.   Minneapolis 687 

1917— J.    N.   Deller.    Duluth ..705 

1918— Joe  Shaw.  Chicago 669 

1919— E.   Baumg-arten,    Chicago 631 

ILLINOIS  STATE  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
The  twenty-second  annual  tournament  of  the 
Illinois  Bowling-  association  was  held  in  Chi- 
cago April  25-May  21.  1919.  The  five-man 
event  was  won  by  the  Americus  team  of 
Chicago  with  a  score  of  2.956  points,  the 
two-man  event  by  Eddie  Kelly  and  Al  Toemmel 
of  Chicago  with  1,299  points,  the  singles  by 
E.  Paul  of  Peoria  with  679  points  and  the 
"all  events"  by  Al  Sindelar  of  Chicago  with 
1.882  points.  Record  of  winners  to  date: 

Five-Man  Teams. 
Year.    Team  and  city.  Score 

1898— Interclub  league.  Chicago 2,426 

1899— Interclub  league,  Chicago 2.581 

1900— Chicago  league,   Chicago 2,574 

1901— Chicago  league,  Chicago 2,944 

1902— Chicago  league,   Chicago 2,900 

1903— South  Chicago   league.   Chicago.  .  .2.875 
1904— Chicago  league,  Chicago 2,853 


Year.     Team  and  city.  Score. 

1905— W.  Side  Bus.  Men's  league.  Chi.  .  .2,855 

1906— Bensingers,  Chicago 2,882 

1907— Lake  View  league,  Chicago 2,920 

1908— Howard    Majors,    Chicago..  ..2,857 

1909— Lincolns  No.  1,  Chicago 2.960 

1910— Lipmans,    Chicago 2,977 

1911— Chalmers-Detroits     2,865 

1912— Bruck'8  league,   Chicago 2,884 

1913— Concordia  Reds,  Chicago 2.878 

1914— Blatz,    Chicago 2.975 

1915— Chalmers,   Chicago 2,893 

1916— Mendels.   Chicago 2,955 

1917— Blouin-Brucks,    Chicago 2.964 

1918— John  Bergs,  Chicago 2,915 

1919— Americus,   Chicago    2,956 

Two-Man  Teams. 
1904— O.   W.   Schmidt-H.   Steers..  ..1.269 

1905— P.  Ward-D.   McGuire 1.216 

1906— C.  H.  Wood-F.  Bartsch 1,270 

1907— F.  Bomer-G.  Bomer 1,223 

1908— Jack    Hoffenkamp-H.    Glassner 1,339 

1909— J.  J.  Zust-W.  P.  Gomph 1,249 

1910— Phil  Wolf-Jack  Reilly 1,218 

1911-Louis  Levine-Fred   Bliss 1,269 

1912— Harry  Ruth-Fred  Collins 1,256 

1913— James    Stevens-John    Rosendal ....  1,243 

1914— Paul   Holden-Peter  Kerpen 1,273 

1915— J.  and  F.  Kartheiser 1,251 

1916— Bob  Wagner-Phil   Wolf 1,313 

1917— George  Hansen-Edward  Hunolt. ..  .1,209 
1918— Edward  Hanniford-Pat.  Mitchell.  .1,242 
1919— E.  Kelly-A.  Toemmel 1,299 

Singles. 

1898— W.   B.  Hanna,  Chicago *172  5-6 

1899— H.  E.  Shepard,  Chicago *190 

1900— W.  V.  Thompson.  Interclub  .*  197   11-12 

1901— Fred  Worden,  Anson *201   7-9 

1902— J.  E.  Berlin,  Sheridan *201  7-9 

1903 — Fred  Worden,  Star 643 

1904— Andrew  Hall,   Chicago 630 

1905— R.  Wienold.  Monroe 711 

1906 — James  Foley.    Union 662 

1907— C.  Heitschmidt,  Lake  View 649 

1908— Dan  Ward,  Tosettis 687 

1909— Otto  A.  Kupfer.  Southwest 678 

1910— Andrejsv   Hall,    Chicago 725 

1911— Arthur  Anderson,  Lake  View 665 

1912— George  Haug,   Chicago 671 

1913— Arthur  Lutz,   Berghoffs 721 

1914 — Al  Toemmel,  Planters 684 

1915— H.  M.  Lampert,  Ellis.  .  .  700 

1916— Chris  Kaad,  Hotel  Planters 694 

1917— Al  Gaul.  Jewelers 680 

1918— Al   Toemmel.    Planters t695 

1919— E.  Paul.   Peoria 679 

•Averages. 

tAfter  roll-off  with  C.  Mathiesen. 

All  Events. 

1904— H    Steers,  Chicago 1.803 

1905 — Al  Toemmel.   Chicago 1,769 

1906— D.    Woodbury,    Chicago ..1.826 

1907— August    Trapp,    Chicago 1.851 

1908— Eddie   Meyer,    Indianapolis 1.854 

1909— Sylvester  A.  Murray,   Chicago.  ..  .1.841 

1910— Phil    Wolf.    Chicago .  .1.836 

1911— W.   V.  Thompson.  Chicago 1.882 

1912— Fred   Collins.    Chicago..  ..1,826 

1913— Al  Toemmel.   Chicago 1,877 

1914— George  Ahrbeck.  Cappers 1,883 

1915— J    Danek.    Flenners 1.855 

1916— Jule  Lellinger,   Chicago 1,890 

1917— Hank    Marino,    Jeffersons 1.849 

1918— Al   Toemmel.   Chicago 1.918 

1919— Al  Sindelar,    Chicago 1,882 

CHICAGO  CHAMPIONSHIP  RECORD. 
Year.     Team.      Five-Man  Teams.  Score. 

1904-5— Hoffmans    .  ..2,885 

1905-6— Kloempkens    .  .2.874 

1906-7— Quirk   No.    1..  ..2,890 

1907-8-Eclipse    \..  .2,827 

1908-9— Lederers    2.865 

1909-10— Boiler    Pianos 4 .2.961 

1910-11— Seng's     Springs 2,899 


452 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Year      Team  Scores. 

1911*  (December)—  Goodfrienda  .........  2,990 

1912—  El   Utilas  .....................  2.960 

1913—  O'Learys    .....................  2,876 

1914—  O'Learys    .....................  2,906 

1915—  Nienstadts     ...................  2,957 

1916—  Kleker  Plumbers    ..............  2,983 

1917—  Birk    Brothers  .................  2,938 

1918—  Americus    ..........................  2,908 

Two-Man  Teams. 
1904-5—  Meyer-Peterson    ..............  1,283 

1905-6—  Faetz-Schneider      .............  1,221 

1906-7—  Woodbury-Stoike   .............  1,246 

1907-8—  Ehlman-Weeks     ..............  1,240 

1908-9—  Peifer-Steers     ................  1,250 

1909-10—  Flenner-Collier     .............  1,298 

1910-11—  Nelson-Metcalf  .....................  1.303 

1911    (December)—  Blouin-Rolfe  ........  1,312 

1912—  Toemmel-Kelly    ................  }'2}°, 

1913—  Meyer-Bang-art    ................  }«2i? 

1914—  Gaede-Arnhorst   ................  t'ZZZ 

1915—  Hahn-Trapp     ..................  t'oa? 

1916—  Chabot-Siska     .  ................  1-261 

1917—  Geiser-Trapp    ..................  Voc? 

1918—  Kelly  -Toemmel    ....................  1.251 

Singles. 
1904-5—  Georg-e  A.  Rost  ................  671 

1905-6—  Robert    Wienold  ................  659 

1906-7—  James   Hartwell  ................  b78 

1907-8—  Charles     Nelson  ................  684 

1908-9—  E.    D.    Peifer  ..................  6o9 

1909-10-H.    A.    Walker  ................  697 

1910-11—  R.  Kirch  .....................  676 

1911   (December)—  Ned  Nelson  ...........  711 

1912—  Joe    Shaw  ......................  674 

1913—  Jay    Thompson  ..................  67<J 

1914—  P.    McGuire  .....................  °7b 

1915_Frank   Kafora  ...................  71  0 

1916—  John  Brichetto  ..................  662 

1917—  Chris    Kaad  ..........................  677, 

1918—  H.  Lehmpuhl    .......................  '&• 

All  Events. 

1905—  Eddie  Meyer  ..............  .  ----  l.|4o 

1906—  Matt  Faetz  ....................  1.876 

1907—  D.    Woodbury  ..................  r  «?A 

1908—  James  Blouin  ..................  1.9-U 

1909—  Charles  Langmeyer  ......  .  ......  J'5?3, 

1910—  H.  A.  Walker  ...........  .  ......  1.942 

1  911—  Al  Toemmel 

1911    (December)—  Ned  Nelson 

1912—  Al  Toemmel 

1913_William   Metcalf 

1914-M.  Faetz  ......................  1.892 

1915—  Frank   Kafora  .................  r|2t 

1916—  Marvin    Erickson  ...............  1.875 

1917—  Chris  Kaad  ....................  1.903 

1918—  F.  Hoffman   .......  ................  1.870 

SKATING. 

WESTERN  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
The  western  skating  championship  races 
were  held  in  Washington  park.  Milwaukee. 
Wis  Feb.  9,  1919.  The  Franklin  Skating 
and"  Athletic  club  of  Chieaeo  was  first  in 
points  with  26.  the  Northwest  Sportsmen's 
club  of  Chicago  second  with  8  and  the  Illi- 
nois Athletic  club  third  with  5.  Summary  of 


20n  yards—  Won  by  Charlie  Fisher,  Franklin 
Skating  and  A.  C.:  Roy  McWhirter.  I  A.  C.. 
second;  Julian  Steinmetz.  Franklin  Skating 
and  A.  C.,  third.  Time.  :22%. 
V2  mile—  Won  by  William  Steinmetz.  Franklin 
Skating  and  A.  C.:  Julian  Steinmetz.Frank- 
lin  Skating  and  A.  C..  second:  McWhirter. 
I.  A.  C..  third.  Time.  1:34. 

1  mile—  Won  by  Fisher,  Franklin  Skating  and 
A     C.;    William    Steinmetz.    Franklin    Skat- 
ing   and    A.    C..    second:    Julian    Steinmetz, 
Franklin   Skating   and  A.   C..    third.     Time, 

Q  *~1  Q 

2  mile's—  Won  by  William  Steinmetz,  Franklin 
Skating  and  A.  C.:  Julian  Steinmetz^frank- 
lin  Skating  and  A.  C..   second:   McWhirter, 
I.  A.  C..  third.     Time.  6:35%. 


1  mile,  class  B— Won  by  Zimmerman.  Frank- 
lin Skating  and  A.  C.:  Jac9bson,  Norwegian- 
American  A.  A.,  second:  Nielsen,  Norwegian- 
American  A.  A.,  third.  Time,  3:36V5. 

%  mile,  class  C— Won  by  Harry,  Northwest 
Sportsmen's  club:  Maertz,  Northwest  Sports- 
men's club,  second:  Nelson,  Sleipner  A.  C.. 
third.  Time,  1:42%. 

NORTHWESTERN  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
The     northwestern     skating     championships 

were  decided  at  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  March  2, 

1919.     Summaries: 

%  mile— Won  by  C.  Fisher.  Milwaukee:  C. 
Jewtraw,  Lake  Placid,  second;  Ed  Horton. 
Saranac  Lake,  third.  Time  :40. 

%  mile— Won  by  Jewtraw:  C.  Fisher,  second; 
H.  Thome.  Toronto,  third.  Time.  1:30%. 

1  mile— Won  by  Fisher;  L.  Grieb.  Milwaukee, 
second:     J.    Hennessy,    Lake    Placid,     third. 
Time.  2:54. 

2  miles— Won   by   Jewtraw:   M.   Topper.    Chi- 
cago, second:  C.  Fisher,  third.    Time,  6:05%. 

%  mile  for  boys  under  17— Won  by  Gus  Fetz, 
Chicago:  T.  Norris,  St.  Paul,  second;  Morris 
Baker.  Chicago,  third.  Time,  1 :46V5. 

EASTERN  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
The  eastern  skating  championships  were  de- 
cided   on    Lake    Placid.    N.    Y..    Feb.    21.    22. 
1919.  Charles  Jewtraw  of  Lake  Placid  proved 
the  star  of  the  meet,  taking  all  of  the  honors 
in  the  senior  events.     Summaries: 
220    yard    senior— Won    by    Charles    Jewtraw. 
Lake  Placid:   Ed  Horton,  Saranac  Lake,  sec- 
ond; Charles  Fisher,  Milwaukee,  third.  Time. 
:20. 

"Vz  mile  senior  —  Won  by  Charles  Jewtraw: 
Charles  Fisher,  second:  Joe  Moore.  New 
York,  third.  Time.  1:20. 

440  yards  senior— Won  by  Charles  Jewtraw: 
second,  Ed  Horton:  third,  Russell  Wheeler. 
Montreal.  Time.  :38%. 

1  mile,  senior — Won  by  Charles  Jewtraw:  sec- 
ond. David  Shultz,  Chicago:  third.  James 
Hennessy.  Lake  Placid.  Time  2:53%. 

3  miles,    senior— Won    by    Charles    Jewtraw: 
second,     Ray     Bryant,     Lake    Placid;     third. 
Charles  Fisher.     Time,  9:15%. 

Ed  Horton  of  Saranac  Lake  clipped  another 
two-fifths  of  a  second  from  his  previous  rec- 
ord of  220  yards  over  four  hurdles,  doing  it 
in  21%  seconds. 

SLEIPNER  SKATING  DERBY. 

The  twenty-third  annual  skating  Derby  of 
the  Sleipner  Athletic  club  took  place  in  Hum- 
boldt  park.  Chicago.  Jan.  5,  1919.  In  the 
Class  A.  1  mile  event,  William  Steinmetz  of 
the  Franklin  Skating  club  won  in  3:19.  The 
class  B,  1  mile  race  was  won  by  Wallace 
Fee  of  the  Swift  playground  in  3:37  and  the 
class  C,  1  mile  race,  by  Henry  Quirk  of  the 
Northwest  Skating  club  in  4:29.  The  Herlihy 
cup  for  the  winner  of  the  2-mile  team  relay 
race  was  taken  by  the  Franklin  club  skating 
team,  consisting  of  J.  and  W.  Steinmetz. 
Charles  Fisher  and  M.  Topper. 

FRANKLIN  'SKATTNG  DERBY. 

The  annual  skating  Derby  of  the  Franklin 
Skating  and  Athletic  club,  held  in  Humboldt 
park,  Chicago.  Jan.  26.  1919.  was  won  by  the 
home  club,  which  made  33  points  to  8  by  its 
nearest  competitor,  the  Lightning  Athletic  club. 
The  1-mile  class  A  race  was  won  by  J. 
Steinmetz  in  3:56%.  The  1-mile  class  B 
race  by  Berg  of  the  Norwegian  A.  A.,  and 
the  1-mile  class  C  race  by  A.  C.  Topper  of 
the  Franklin  club.  The  half  mile  race  for 
Great  Lakes  jackies  was  won  by  Arthur  Staff 
in  2:04.  The  2-mile  handicap  race  was  won 
by  W.  Steinmetz  in  8:33.  The  2-mile  team 
race  was  won  by  Paul  Quirk  and  Schultz  of 
the  Lightning  club. 

ALVERNO  SKATING  DERBY. 

In  the  annual  skating  Derby  of  the  Alverno 
A.  A.  in  Humboldt  park.  Chicago,  Jan.  19. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


453 


1919,  the  1-mile  class  A  race  was  won  by 
William  Steinmetz  in  3:30.  The  1-mile  class 
B  race  was  won  by  Huske  in  4:03%  and  the 
1-mile  class  C  race  by  Kaskey  in  4:02%.  The 
meet  was  won  by  Franklin  club  with  a  total 
of  thirty  points. 

SILVER  SKATES  DERBY. 
Charles  Fisher  of  Milwaukee,  competing1  un- 
der the  colors  of  the  Franklin  Skating1  and 
Athletic  club  of  Chicago,  won  the  third  an- 
nual Tribune  Silver  Skates  Derby  in  Humboldt 
park.  Chicago.  Jan.  26,  1919,  taking  the  final 
heat  of  2  miles  in  8:20.  Julian  Steinmetz 
was  second.  The  Junior  Silver  Skates  Derby, 

1  mile,  was  won  by  Julian  Steinmetz  in  4:12. 
Winners  of  the  Silver  Skates  Derby  to  date: 
1917— Art  Staff.  I  L919— Charles  Fisher. 
1918— Sigurd  Larsen.      I 

NORTHWEST  S.  C.  DERBY. 

The  Northwest  Sportsmen's  club  held  its 
twenty-eighth  annual  ice  skating  Derby  at 
Humboldt  park,  Chicago.  Feb.  8.  1919.  The 
Franklin  Skating  and  Athletic  club  won  with 
27  points.  The  Delano  playground  was  sec- 
ond with  7  points  and  the  Northwest  Sports- 
men's club  third  with  6  points.  William  Stein- 
metz of  the  Franklin  club  won  the  ^  mile 
class  A  race  in  :42%  and  the  1%  mile  class 
A  race  in  5:06%.  The  %  mile  race  class  C, 
was  won  by  Zimmerman.  Franklin  S.  and  A. 
C..  in  2  :36V5.  and  the  1  mile  class  B  race  was 
taken  by  Kaskey.  Corkery  playground,  in 
3:39%.  The  %  mile  handicap  for  women 
•was  won  by  Miss  Rose  Johnson  from  scratch 
in  1:59. 

NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN  A.  A.  DERBY. 
The  Norwegian-American  A.  A.  skating1 
Derby,  held  at  the  Chicago  Arena.  Feb.  lo, 
1919.  was  won  by  the  Franklin  Skating  and 
A  C .  with  32  points.  The  Norwegian- 
American  A.  A.  was  second  with  7  Points. 
The  1  mile  class  A  race  was  won  by  Charles 
Fisher  in  3:01%,  the  1  mile  class  B  race  by 
Paul  Horrigan  in  3:17.  He  also  won  the  J 
mile  class  C  race,  his  time  being  3:14%.  The 

2  mile    handicap     race    was    won    by    David 
Schultz  of  the  Lightning-  A.  C.  with  a  handi- 
cap of  100  yards.     Time.  6:14%. 

MATHISEN  VS.  NELSON. 
Oscar  Mathisen  of  Norway  defeated  Charles 
Nelson  of  St.  Paul,  champion  skater  of  the 
northwest,  in  three  races  at  Eau  Claire  Wis.. 
Feb.  23.  His  time  was:  Half  mile.  I:2iy5; 
mile.  2:56%:  2  miles.  6:32.  The  compara- 
tively slow  time  was  due  to  soft  ice. 


BILLIARDS. 

18-2  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

In  an  18-2  billiard  tournament  held  in  New 
York  city  and  ending  Oct.  25,  1919.  Willie 
Hoppe  easily  retained  the  championship.  Stand- 
ing of  the  players: 

Hoppe  6*    0* 

Morningstar    4     ' 

Cochran   4      2 

Schaefer  3     3 

Button    2     4 

Yamada   2     4 

Slosson   0     6 

AMATETJR  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
Dave  McAndless  of  the  Chicago  Athletic  as- 
sociation won  the  national  amateur  balkline 
billiard  championship  of  the  United  States-  in 
the  nineteenth  annual  tournament  which  was 
held  in  the  rooms  of  the  Chicago  Athletic  as- 
sociation Feb.  27-March  8.  1919.  Percy  Col- 
lins of  the  Illinois  A.  C.  was  second,  Robert 
Lord  of  the  Chicago  Elks  third  and  Corwin 
Huston  of  Detroit  fourth.  H.  C.  Allison  of 
Detroit.  J.  E.  C.  Morton  of  Philadelphia  and 


H.R. 
164 
149 
265 
155 
148 
115 
95 


G.A. 
45  5-53 
26  3-76 

21  47-83 

22  44-92 
1843-113 
16  3-100 
12  27-99 


Percy  P.  Trump  of  Pittsburg  followed  in  the 
order  named.  The  standing  of  the  players  at 
the  close  of  the  tournament,  the  play  off  of  a 
tie  between  McAndless  and  Collins  being  in- 
cluded : 

WX.HR.     H.A.  G.A. 

McAndless.   Chi. ...5  1  77  12  9108-184 

Collins.    Chi 5  1   85  15     5-19  9    54-171 

Lord,    Chi 4  2   84   12   12-24  8157-197 

Huston.    Det 4  2  69     9  21-31  7    16-227 

Allison.    Det 2  4  54  11      2-25   6    17-240 

Morton.   Phil 1  5  36     8     4-26  5110-122 

Trump,    Pitts 0  6  28     5  25-40  4  lbU-~79 

Champions  flip  List. 
1901— A.  R._Townsend.  .1911— J.     F.    Poggen- 


1902— E.  W.  Gardner. 
1903— W.  P.  Foss. 
1904— J.     F.     Poggen- 

burg-. 

1905— C.  F.  Conklin. 
1906— E.  W.  Gardner. 


burg1. 

1912— Morris  Brown. 
1913— Joseph    Mayer. 
1914— E.   W.   Gardner. 
1915— Joseph   Mayer. 
1916— E.   W.   Gardner. 
1917— Nathan  Hall. 
1918— Corwin  Huston. 
1919— D.    McAndless. 


1907— C.   Demarest. 
1908— C.   Damarest. 
1909— H.    A.    Wright. 
1910— E.  W.   Gardner. 

In  1909  the  play  was  changed  from  14-2  to 
18-2  balk  line. 

AMATEUR   THREE-CUSHION  CHAMPION- 
SHIP. 

Arthur  Newman  of  Brooklyn  won  the  first 
three-cushion  championship  of  the  National 
Association  of  Amateur  Billiard  Players  in  th& 
first  annual  tournament  held  in  New  York, 
N.  Y..  in  April.  1919.  The  standing  of  the 
players  at  the  close  of  the  tournament  on 
April  10  was: 

Player.  Won.  Lost.  H.R.     Pet. 

Arthur  Newman  4         0         8       l.OOO 

Earl  Patterson   2         2          5         .500 

W.    H.   Finn 2          2          5         .500 

Harry    Levine    .  ...1          3          4         .250 

Gus  Gardner  1         3         4        .250 

CLASS  B  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

In  the  national  amateur  Class  B  18-2  balk- 
line  billiard  championship  tournament  played 
in  the  Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Academy  and  ending- 
Feb.  22,  1919,  George  T.  Moon.  Jr.,  former 
president  of  the  National  Association  of 
Amateur  Billiard  Players,  was  the  winner.  The 
final  standing-  of  the  players  was: 

W.     L.     H.R.     Ave. 

George  T.  Moon,   Jr... 4        0          56        8 
Chas.    P.   Matthews.... 2        2        *35       432-42 

Julian  Rice  2       2          35       614-31 

Fred'k  C.  Burnham....2       2          39       618-24 
Herbert    G.    Merrill.... 0       4          23       416-27 

'Unfinished. 

COCHRAN  VS.  JAKE  SCHAEFER.  JR. 

Walker  Cochran  of  New  York  defeated  Jake 
Schaefer,  Jr..  of  San  Francisco  in  a  4.20O 
point  18-2  balkline  billiard  match  played  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  Jan.  6-12,  1919.  by  making  the 
total  required  while  his  opponent  acvum^ated 
3.855.  The  winner's  high  run  was  188  and  his 
grand  average  31-.81. 

In  a  3.600  point  match  played  in  Chicago 
and  ending  Jan.  18,  1919,  Schaefer  was  the 
winner,  reaching  the  required  number  of 
points  while  Cochran  was  making  3,100. 
Schaefer's  grand  average  was  26  90-135  and 
Cochran's  22  130-135. 

KIECKHEFER  VS.  MAUPOME. 

In  a  three-block  three-cushion  billiard  game 
for  the  world's  championship,  played  in  Chi- 
cago Jan.  6.  7  and  8,  1919,  Augie  Kieckhefer 
of  Chicago  defeated  Pierre  Maupome  of  Mil- 
waukee by  a  total  score  of  150  to  141  in 
191  innings.  High  runs:  Kieckhefer,  8: 
Maupome,  5. 

DE  ORO  VS.  KIECKHEFER. 

Alfredo  de  Oro  of  New  York  defeated  Augie 
Kieckhefer  of  Chicago  in  a  three-block  match. 


454 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


of  three-cushion  billiards  played  in  Chicago 
Feb.  14.  15  and  16.  1919,  by  a  total  score 
of  150  to  148.  The  contest  was  for  the 
world's  championship  at  that  style  of  play. 

DE  ORO  VS.  COPULOS. 

In  Detroit,  Mich.,  March  27-29.  De  Oro  de- 
feated Gus  Copulos  in  a  three-block  three- 
cushion  match  for  the  world's  championship 
by  a  score  of  150  to  94. 

CANNEFAX  VS.  DE  ORO. 

In  a  three-block  match  for  the  championship 
at  three-cushion  billiards  played  in  New  York, 
N.  Y.,  May  2,  3  and  4,  1919.  Robert  L.  Can- 
nefax  of  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  defeated  Afredo  de 
Oro  by  a  total  score  ol  150  to  141. 
HIGH  RUN  AT  18-2  BALKLINE  BILLIARDS 

In    the    course    of    a    balkline    18-2    billiard 
match   with    Walker  Cochran   in  Chicago    Jan. 
17,   1919,  Jake  Schaefer  made  a  run  of  307, 
equaling  the  record  held  by  Cochran  and  com- 
ing within  one  point  of  that   made  by  Willie 
Hoppe  in  the  18-2  handicap  tournament  played 
in  New  York  in  November,   1915. 
POCKET  BILLIARDS. 
Amateur  Championship. 

J.  Howard  Shoemaker  successfully  defended 
his  title  to  the  amateur  championship  title  at 
pocket  billiards  in  the  tournament  held  at  the 
New  York  Athletic  club  and  ending  March  25, 
1919.  His  opponent  in  the  deciding1  game  was 
William  A.  Tilt,  whom  he  defeated  by  a  score 
of  125  to  25. 

FLY  AND  BAIT  CASTING. 

NATIONAL    AMATEUR    CASTING    ASSOCIA- 
TION   RECORDS. 
Light  tackle  accuracy  fly— 100%  :  F.  E.  Moffett. 

J.  E.  Amman  and  I.  H.  Bellows. 
Light  tackle  dry  fly  accuracy— 100%  :  I.  H.  Bel- 
Heavy"  tackle  accuracy  fly— 100%:   Dr.  C.   O. 

Dorchester. 
Salmon  fly,  longest  cast— 157  feet;  Dr.  Halford 

J.  Morlan. 
Salmon   fly.   average   for  five  casts— 142  feet: 

Dr.  Halford  J.  Morlan. 
Salmon    fly,     average    for    three    casts — 147% 

feet;  Dr.  Halford  J.  Morlan. 
Hobble  distance  fly.   average  for  five  consecu- 
tive shoots— 32  feet;  Dr.  Halford  J.  Morlan. 
Hobble    distance   fly.    longest   single   shoot — 46 

feet:  Dr.  H.  J.  Morlan. 
Hobble  distance  fly.  longest  cast— 115  feet:  Dr. 

H.  J.  Morlan. 
Light  tackle  distance  fly.  longest  cast— 125  feet: 

Dr.  H.  J.  Morlan. 
Light  tackle  distance  fly.  average  for  five  casts 

— 110  feet:  L.  E.  DeGarmo. 
Light    tackle   distance    fly.    average    for    three 

casts— 119  feet:  Dr.  Halford  J.  Morlan. 
Delicacy   and  accuracy   fly— 99   20-30%:   L.   E. 

DeGarmo. 
%  ounce  accuracy  bait— 99.7%;  F.  E.  Moffett, 

L.  E.  DeGarmo  and  J.  Ev  Amman. 
%  ounce  accuracy  bait— 99.7%;  F.  E.  Moffett. 
Pork  chunk,  fishing  tackle,  heavy  line— 98.6%; 

L.  E.  DeGarmo. 
%  ounce  accuracy  bait   (unknown  distances)  — 

99.6%;  J.  E.  Amman. 
%   ounce  distance  bait    (average  five  casts)  — 

217%  feet:  F.  E.  Moffett. 
%     ounce    distance    bait     (longest    cast)— 229 

feet:  W.  O.  Holton. 
?4    ounce   distance   bait    (average   five  casts)  — 

168%  feet:  F.  E.  Moffett. 
%  ounce  distance  bait  (longest  cast)— 195  feet; 

F.  E.  Moffett. 
All  around  American  champion— Dr.  Halford  J. 

Morlan. 
National  Amateur  Casting  Association— President, 

Dr.    H.   J.    Morlan.   30  North   Michigan   avenue. 

Chicago ;  secretary.  F.  E.  Moffett,  225  East  Illi- 
nois street.  Chicago. 


NATIONAL   ASSOCIATION  RECORDS. 

[Compiled  by  Fred  N.  Peet.  214  West  Huror 

street.  Chicago.  111.] 

Following   are    the   records   made   tinder   the 
rules  of  the  National  Association  of  Scientific 
Angling  Clubs: 
All  round  championship  fly  and  bait  casting — 

William  Stanley.   26  demerits.  Chicago.  Aug 

29  to  Sept.  1.  1919. 
Salmon  casting— Fred   N.   Peet,    162   feet    (rod 

15  feet),  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Aug.  13.  1915 
Long   distance    fly— Walter    D.    Mansfield.    134 

feet     (rod    unlimited),    San    Francisco.    Cal., 

Aug.   15,   1915. 
Long  distance  fly— H.  C.  Golscher,  116  feet    (5 

ounce   rod),    San    Francisco,    Cal.,    Aug.    12. 

Long  distance   fly— C.  J.   McCarthy   and  W.   C. 

Luebbert,   115  feet    (4  ounce  rod).  Chicago, 

Aug.  31,  1919. 
Dry  fly  delicacy  and  accuracy  at  buoys  35.  40 

and  45  feet— Fred  N.  Peet,  99  7-30%,  Racine 

Wis.,   Aug.   15.   1907. 
Distance  and  accuracy  at  buoys  50,  55  and  60 

feet— T.     A.     Forsyth,     99  13-15%.     Chicago 

Aug.  18,  1910. 
Dry   fly   accuracy   at   buoys   20.    27*,   35,    42*. 

50   feet— F.   Kleinfeldt,   99   10-1570    (5  ounce 

rod),    Chicago.    Sept.    6.    1914,    and   William 

Stanley,  99  10-15%,  Chicago.  Aug.  23.  1918. 
%  ounce  accuracy  bait  at  buoys  60.  70,  80 

90   and  100   feet— F.   A.   Smithby.   99  7-10%. 

Chicago,  Aug.  25,  1918. 
14   ounce   accuracy  bait   at   buoys   60,    65     70. 

75,  and  80  feet— William  Stanley.  99  6-10%. 

Chicago,  Sept.   1,  1919. 
%    ounce  long  distance  bait— B.  F.  Flegel,  222 

feet,    1   inch     (average    6    casts).      Chicago, 

Sept.  7,  1914. 
*4  ounce  long  distance  bait— B.  F.  Flegel,   177 

feet   5  inches    (average   5   casts).      Chicago, 

Sept.  5,  1914. 
%    ounce    long    distance    bait    casting,    longest 

cast — C.    E.   Lingenfelter,    274    feet,    Chicago 

Aug.  30,  1919. 
%   ounce   slam   event    (longest   cast   in   five)  — 

Oscar   Lane.    240    feet,    San   Francisco,    Cal., 

Aug.   14.   1915. 
V±  ounce  slam  event  (longest  cast  in  five) — Fred 

N.  Peet.   153  feet,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Aug. 

13.   1915. 
Two    handed    surf    casting.    2%    ounce — F.    B. 

Rice,  269%  feet,  New  York.  Aug.  21,  1909. 

American  Records. 
Salmon  casting   (world  record) — Fred  N.  Peet, 

162  feet   (15  foot  rod),  San  Francisco,  Cal., 

Aug.  13.  1915. 
Switch    fly   casting— H.    W.    Hawes.    102    feet. 

Central  park.  New  York,  1887. 
Long  distance  fly  casting    (heavy  rod) — W.   D. 

Mansfield,   134  feet;  rod  11  feet,  10  ounces; 

San  Francisco.   1915. 
Long  distance  fly  casting  (5  ounce  rod) — W.  D. 

Mansfleld,   129  feet  6  inches;  San  Francisco, 

1902. 
Dry   fly  casting   for  delicacy  and   accuracy   at 

buoys    35,    40    and    45    feet— Fred    N.    Peet. 

99  5-15%.     at    Kalamazoo,     Mich..    Aug.    3, 

1906. 
Long  distance  bait   casting,    %  ounce,   longest 

cast— B.  F.  Flegel,  193  feet  4  inches.  Chicago 

Sept.  5.    1914. 
Long    distance   bait,    %   ounce,    longest    cast— 

C.    E.    Lingenfelter.  274    feet.   Chicago.   Aug. 

30.  1919. 
National     Association     of     Scientific     Angling 

Clubs — President,   E    R.  Letterman,  Chicago; 

secretary,  J.  E.  Lane.  Chicago. 

ATHLETICS. 

NATIONAL  A.  A.  U,  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

The  annual  championship  contests  of  the 
Amateur  Athletic  Union  of  the  United  States 
took  place  on  Franklin  field.  Philadelphia. 
Sept.  12-13.  1919.  In  the  junior  events  the. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


455 


New  York  Athletic  club  led  with  34  points 
The  Boston  Athletic  association  was  secon 
with  20  points,  while  the  Meadowbrook  club  o 
Philadelphia  and  the  Multnomah  A.  A.  C.  o 
Portland.  Ore.,  tied  for  third  with  18  point 
each.  One  record  was  bettered — that  for  th 
javelin  throw.  Arthur  Tuck  of  the  Multnoma 
club  setting  the  mark  at  178  feet  4%  inches 
In  the  senior  athletic  contests  first  place  wa 
taken  by  the  New  York  Athletic  club  with  4 
points.  The  Chicago  Athletic  club  was  sec 
ond  with  40  and  the  Illinois  Athletic  clu" 
third  with  26  points.  The  feature  was  th 
mile  run  by  Joie  Ray  of  the  Illinois  A.  C. 
who  covered  the  distance  in  4:14%,  bettering' 
his  own  record  by  4  seconds. 

Summary  of  the  Senior  Contests. 

440  yard  low  hurdles— Won  by  F.  G.  Smart 
Chicago  A.  A.;  William  H.  Meanix.  Bosto. 
A.  A.,  second:  John  R.  Sellers,  New  York 
A.  C..  New  York,  third:  J.  F.  Murray,  Jr 
New  York  A.  C.,  New  York,  fourth.  Tim 
:55%. 

100  yard  dash— Won  by  William  D.  Hayes,  Bos- 
ton  A.   A.;    Loren   Murchison.    N.   Y.   A.   C 
New  York,  second;  Henry  Williams.  Spokan 
A.    A.    C..    third:     Peter    J.    White,    Salem 
Crescent   A.   C..    New   York,    fourth.     Time 
:10V5. 

120  yard  high  hurdles— Won  by  Robert  I 
Simpson.  Illinois  A.  C..  Chicago:  Fred  W 
Kelly.  N.  Y.  A.  C..  second:  Harold  E.  Bar 
ron.  Meadowbrook  club.  Philadelphia,  third 
Time  :15M>. 

One    mile    run— Won    by    Joie    Ray.     Illinois 
A.  C..  Chicago:  E.  H.  Fall,  Jr..  Chicago  A.  A 
second:    James    W.   Connolly.    Boston   A.   A. 
third;    Clyde    Stout.    Illinois   A.   C..    fourth 
Time.  4:14%    (new  record). 

440  yard  run— Won  by  Frank  J.   Shea.  Pitts 
burgh  A.:  James  J.  O'Brien.  Loughlin  Lyce 
um,  Brooklyn,  second;  J.  W.  Driscoll,  Boston 
A.   A.,    third:    P.   S.   Spink.   Chicago  A.  A 
fourth.    Time.    :50y5. 

200  yard  dash— Won  by  Henry  Williams.  Spo 
kane  A.  A.  C.,  Washington;  Loren  Murchison 
N.  Y.  A.  C..  New  York,  second:  Morris  M 
Kirysey,  Olympic  club,  San  Francisco,  third 
William  D.  Hayes.  Boston  A.  A.,  fourth 
Time.  :21%. 

5  mile  run— Won  by  Charles  Pores.  Melrose 
A.  A..  New  York:  Patrick  Flynn.  Paulist  A. 
C..  New  York,  second:  Max  Bohland,  Paul- 
ist A.  C..  New  York,  third;  H.  C.  Ackerman. 
Meadowbrook  club,  Philadelphia,  fourth. 
Time.  26:02. 

220  yard  low  hurdles— Won  by  Robert  I.  Simp- 
son. I.  A.  C.,  Chicago;  Earl  J.  Thompson, 
Boston  A.  A.,  second:  Jo  Loomis.  Chicago 
A.  A.,  third:  Willard  Wells,  Multnomah  A. 
C.,  Portland,  Ore.,  fourth.  Time,  24%. 

3  mile  walk— Won  by  William  Plant.  Morning- 
side  A.  C..  New  York:  J.  Pearman.  N.  Y.  A. 
C..  second:  Richard  F.  Remer.  unattached, 
New  York,  third:  E.  Renz.  N.  Y.  A.  C.. 
fourth.  Time.  22:01%. 

880  yard  run— Won  by  Joie  Ray.  Illinois  A.  C.. 
Chicago:  E.  H.  Fall.  Chicago  A.  A.,  second: 
Homer  Baker.  Glencoe  A.  C..  New  York, 
third:  Sandy  Evans.  Salem  Crescent  A.  C., 
New  York,  fourth.  Time  1:56. 
High  jump — Won  by  John  Murphy.  Multnomah 
A.  A.  C..  Portland.  Ore.,  height  6  feet  3  3/16 
inches  (new  record)  :  Harry  Barwise,  Boston 
A.  A..  6  feet  2%  inches,  second:  Walter 
Whalen.  Boston  A.  A..  6  feet  1%  inches, 
third:  R.  Landon.  New  York  A.  C..  6  feet 
1%  inches,  fourth. 

Running  broad  jump — Won  by  F.  J.  Smart. 
Chicago  A.  A..  22  feet  7%  inches:  S.  G.  Lan- 
ders. Chicago  A.  A..  21  feet  10%  inches,  sec- 
ond: Dave  Politzer.  Mohawk  A.  C..  21  feet 
10  inches,  third:  M.  Whitehouse.  Glencoe  A. 
C..  New  York.  21  feet,  fourth. 
16  pound  hammer— Won  by  Patrick  Ryan. 


Hop.  step  and  jump-Won  "by  S.  G.  Landers. 
A*  A  "  47  feet  8^  inches:  E  Almlof  N  v 
lh^™^TCOIld',26,?eet  4^  ^ches:  Dan  F 

16  pound  shotput—  Won  by  Patrick  McDonald 

c:xdlltanf2  I5  &\  s.  inche3:  A.  3; 


YwsfejWiSejwB* 


r  C 

(Loren    Murchison.    Fred  >W.    Kell?     A  '  B 
y.L.  B.  Patterson):  Meadowbrook  club 


Timp    S  'ft'72£      ^^**  ciuOf  JriiiiEQ.6lpiiia,  third. 


.     H.    Meanix)  ;    Chicago    A      A       second  •' 
Loughlin  Lyceum.   N-w   York  *  third-   M°"d 
.   fourth  '    Time\ 

Illinois  A.  C..  Chi- 
2' 


ALL  AROUND  CHAMPIONSHIP 
6HariS°      T11011180"    of    Los   Angel 


'^^A*1*?!*'   Mic£"    was   second    with    5,592%. 
>  0391T  Roberts   of  Boston,   third  with 

Record  of  Champions  and  Points. 

le~    ™-  5?  Thompson.  Montreal 5.304 

8§o— M.   W.  Ford.   New  York 5.045 

~    -T-  ^'  Ford.   New  York.'.'.         .'.'Viei 
889— A.   A.   Jordan.    New  York 5.'520 


456 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


1890— A.   A.   Jordan.   New   York 5.358 

1891— A.  A.   Jordan.    New    York 6.189 

1892— E     W.    Goff.    New    York 5.232 

1893— E.    W.   Goff,    New   York 4,860 

1894— E.   W.    Goff.    New    York 5.748 

1895— J.    Cosgrrove.    Albany 4.406% 

18&6— L.   P.    Sheldon.    Yale 5.380 

1897— E.   H.   Clark.    Boston 6,244% 

1898— E.  C.  White.  New  York 5.243 

1899— J.   F.   Powers.   Worcester 6.203 

1900— Harry  Gill.  Toronto 6.360% 

1901— A.   B.   Gunn.   Buffalo 5.739 

1902— A.   B.   Gunn.  Buffalo 6.260% 

1903— E.    H.   Clark.    Boston 6.318% 

1904— Thomas    F.    Kieley.    Ireland 6.086 

1905— Martin  J.  Sheridan.   New  York.. 6. 820% 

1906— Thomas  F.  Kieley.   Ireland 6.274 

1907— Martin  J.  Sheridan.  New  York..  .7.130% 

1908— J.   L.   Bredemus.  Princeton 5.809 

1909— Martin  J.   Sheridan.   New  York.. 7.385 

1910— F.    C.    Thomson,    Los  Angeles 6.991 

1911— F.   C.   Thomson.    Los   Angeles 6.709 

1912— James  Thorpe,  Carlisle 7,476 

1913— F.   C.    Thomson.   Los   Angeles 7.411% 

1914— A  very  Brundage.  Chicaero  6.999 

1915— Alma   W.   Richards.   Chicago*.... 6. 858.8 

1916— A  very    Brundagre.    Chicago 6.468% 

1917— Harry  Goelitz,   Chicago 5.702 

1918— A  very    Brundage.    Chicago 6.708% 

1919— Sr>m'l  H.  Thomson.  Los  Angeles. 6.133% 

*In  decathlon.  San  Francisco  exposition. 
CENTRAL  A.  A.  U.  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

The  Central  A.  A.  U.  senior  outdoor  track 
and  field  championships  for  1919  were  decided 
at  the  lake  front  "stadium,"  Chicago.  Aug.  16, 
The  Chicago  Athletic  association's  team  took 
first  place  with  117  points.  The  Illinois 
Athletic  club  was  second  with  73.  Logan 
Square  A.  C..  third  with  12  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago  fourth  with  11  points.  Event 
winners : 
100  yard  dash-^To  Loomis,  C.  A.  A.  Time, 

:10%. 

220  yard  dash— Feuerstein.  I.  A.  C.  Time.  23%. 
440  yard  run— Curtis.  U.  of  C.    Time.    :51%. 
880  yard  run— Ray.  I.  A.  C.    Time.   1:58%. 
1  mile  run— Ray,  I.  A.  C.    Time.  4:18M>. 
1  mile  relay— C.  A.  A.    Time.  3 :30. 
6  mile  run— Henkel.  Logan  Square  A.  C.    Time, 

27:34%. 
120    yard    high    hurdles — Loomis,     C.     A.     A. 

Time.    :15%. 
220  yard  low  hurdles — Loomis.  C.  A.  A.    Time, 

:26. 

440  yard  hurdles— Smart,  C.  A.  A.   Time.   :59%. 
3  mile  walk— Zeller.    C.  A.  A.     Time,    24:47. 
Pole    vault— Foss.    C.    A.    A.     Height.    12    feet 

9  inches. 

Shotput.    16    pounds— Gorgas.    C.    A.    A..    Dis- 
tance, 41   feet  5   inches. 
Running   high    jump — Krogness,    Jr..    C.   A.   A. 

Height,  5   feet  11   inches. 

Running  broad   jump — Lowrie.    C.   A.   A.    Dis- 
tance. 21  feet  8%  inches. 
Hammer  throw,   16  pounds — Benson,   C.  A.  A. 

Distance.   149  feet  5  inches. 
Discus    throw — Brundage,    C.    A.    A.     Distance, 

126  feet  4%  inches. 
56  pound  weight  for  distance — Shanahan,  I.  A. 

C.    Distance.  32  feet. 
Javelin  throw— Angrier,  I.  A.  C.    Distance,   171 

feet  5  inches.  , 

Running  hop.  step  and  jump — Distance.  46  feet 

6%   inches. 

EASTERN    INTERCOLLEGIATE    CHAMPION- 
SHIPS. 

Harvard  stadium.  Cambridge.  Mass.,  May  31. 
1919. 
100  yard  dash— W.  C.  Haymond,  Pennsylvania. 

Time.   :10. 
220  yard  dash — W.  C.  Haymond.  Pennsylvania. 

Time.    :2>1%. 

440    yard    run— K.    A.    Mayer.    Cornell.     Time. 
:49%. 


Broad  jump — Carl  Johnson.  Michigan:   23   feet 

10%  inches. 
880  yard  run— K.  A.  Mayer,  Cornell;   1:56%. 

1  mile  run— D.  F.  O'Connell.  Harvard;  4:23%. 

2  mile  run— Ivan  C.  Dresser,  Cornell;  9:22%. 
High  j ump— Richmond  Landon,  Yale;  6  feet  2 

inches. 
Pole  vault — E.  E.  Meyers,  Dartmouth;   12  feet 

6   inches. 
16    pound    shotput— W.    H.    Allen,    Maine;    44 

feet  6%  inches. 
Hammer  throw— L.  F.  Weld.   Dartmouth;    143    , 

feet  2%  inches. 
220  yard  low  hurdles— Walter  Smith.  Cornell; 

120  yard  high  hurdles— Walter  Smith,  Cornell; 

:15y5. 

In  points  Cornell  was  the  winner  with  39%. 
Pennsylvania  was  secon.d  with  29,  Michigan 
third  with  25%  and  Harvard  fourth  with  23. 

Eastern  Intercollegiate  Records. 
Made  in  annual  championship  meets. 
100    yard    dash— :09%,    B.    J.    Wefers,    George- 
town. 1896:  R.  C.  Craig,  Michigan.  1911.  and 
J.  E.  Patterson.  Pennsylvania.  1913. 
220  yard   dash— :21%.   R.   C.  Craig.   Michigan. 
1910   and   1911,    and  Don  Lippincott.    Penn- 
sylvania. 1913. 
440  yard  run— :47%.  J.  E. 'Meredith.  Pennsyl- 

880  yard  run— 1:53.  J.  E.  Meredith.  Pennsyl- 
vania. 1916. 

1  mile  run— 4:14%.  J.  P.  Jones.  Cornell.  1913 
(world's  amateur  reoord). 

2  mile  run— 9:22%,  I.  C.  Dresser.  Cornell,  1919. 
120  yard  high  hurdles— :15.  F.  S.  Murray.  Le- 

land  Stanford.  Jr.,  1916. 

220  yard  hurdles— :23%.  A.  C.  Kraenzlein.  Penn- 
sylvania. 1898,  and  J.  Wendell.  Wesleyan. 
1913. 

High  jump— 6  feet  4%  inches,  W.  M.  Oler.  Yale. 
1915. 

Broad  jump— 24  feet  4%  inches,  A.  C.  Kraenz- 
lein. Pennsylvania.  1899. 

Pole  vault— 13  feet  1  inch.  Robert  Gardner. 
Yale.  1912. 

16  pound  hammer— 165  feet  %  inch,  H.  T. 
Bailey.  Maine.  1915. 

16  pound  shot — 48  feet  10%  inches.  R.  L,  Beat- 
ty.  Columbia,  1912. 

1  mile  walk— 6:45%,  W.  B.  Fetterman,  Jr.. 
Pennsylvania.  1898. 

WESTERN   INTERCOLLEGIATE   CHAMPION- 
SHIPS. 
Stagg   field.    Chicago,    June   7,    1919. 

100  yard  dash— W.  J.  Hayes,  Notre  Dame; 
:9%. 

220  yard  dash— W.  J.  Hayes.  Notre  Dame; 
•22% 

440 "yard   run— E.    C.    Curtiss.    Chicago;    :49V5. 

880  yard  run— S.  H.   Speer,   Chicago;   1:57%. 

1  mile  run— H.  H.  McCosh.  Chicago;  4:32%. 

2  mile    run— W.    T.    Foreman.    Kansas    State; 
9:50%. 

120  yard  high  hurdles— C.  E.  Johnson,  Michi- 
gan; :15%. 

220   yard   low  hurdles— C.   E.   Johnson,   Michi- 
gan:   :25. 
Running  high  jump — C.  E.  Johnson,  Michigan; 

6  feet  2M,  inches. 

Running    broad    jump — C.    E.    Johnson,    Michi- 
gan: 24  feet  1  inch. 
Pole  vault— P.  W.  Graham.  Chicago,  and  G.  C. 

Bucheldt.   Illinois,   tied   for  first:   12   feet. 
Discus    throw— E.    N.    Gilfillan.    Notre    Dame; 

133    feet    %   inch. 
Shotput-J.   L.    Baker.   Michigan;   42   feet    2% 

inches. 
Hammer    throw— C.    C.    Smith.    Michigan;    136 

feet   3  inches. 
Mile  relay— Nebraska:  3:24%. 

In  points  Michigan  was  first  with  44%;  Chi- 
cago second.  34;  Illinois  third.  22;  Notre 
Dame  fourth.  21;  Kansas  State  A.  C.  fifth.  12: 
Iowa  State  sixth,  8;  Nebraska  and  Wisconsin 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


457 


tied  for  seventh.  7  each;  Wabash.  American  S.  \JL.  C.,  18;  Northwestern,  13;  Ames  college    5' 
of  O..   Northwestern,  State  University  of  Iowa  >  Great  Lakes.  3;  Wabash  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  2;  Nor- 


and  Indiana  tied  for  eighth.  3  each. 

Western  Intercollegiate  ftecords. 

Made  in  annual  championship  meets. 

100  yard  dash—  :09%.  Blair,  Chicago.  1903:  W. 

W.    May.    Illinois.     1907    and    1908:     Ward, 

Chicago,  1915  and  W.  J.  Hayes,  Notre  Dame, 

1   Q1   Q 

220  yard  dash—  :21%,    Hahn,   Michigan.   1903; 
Ward.   Chicago,  1915,  and  Smith,  Wisconsin. 

440  yard  run  —  :47%,  Disirrond.  Chicago,  1916. 
880  yard  run—  1:53%.  Camppell,  Chicago.  1915, 
and  Scott.  Mississippi  Aggies,  1916. 

1  mile  run—  4:15%.  Fall.  Oberlin.  1917. 

2  mile  run—  9:29%.  Stout.  Chicago.  1916. 

120   yard   high    hurdles—  :14%,    Simpson.    Mis- 

souri.  1916. 
220  yard  low  hurdles—  :23%,  Simpson.  Missouri. 

Running  high  jump—  6   feet    2%  inches,   C.   E. 

Johnson.  Michigan,  1919. 
Running    broad    jump—  24    feet    1    inch,    C.    E. 

Johnson,  Michigan,  1919. 
Pole   vault—  12   feet    8&   inches.   J.   Gold,   Wis- 

consin. 1913. 
16  pound  hammer  —  160  feet  4  inches,  K.  Shat- 

tuck.  California.  1913. 


16  pound   shot  —  i7   feet 
' 


inch,   Rose.   Michi- 


Di^cu's  throw—  155   feet  2  inches.  Mucks,  Wis- 

consin,  1916. 
Javelin  throw—  194  feet  11  inches,  Higgins.  Chi- 

cago. 1917. 
1  mile  relay—  3:21%.  Chicago.  1915. 

INDOOR  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
National. 

The  National  Amateur  Athletic  union's  an- 
nual senior  indoor  track  and  field  champion- 
ship meet  was  held  in  the  13th  regiment 
armory  in  New  York  city,  March  8.  1919. 
Lieut  William  H.  Taylor  of  the  Marietta  (O.) 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  broke  a  world's  record  with  a 
standing  high  jump  of  5  feet  4%  inches.  The 
best  previous  record  was  5  feet  4%  inches 
made  by  Platt  Andrews  of  New  York.  In 
points  the  Boston  Athletic  association  was  first 
with  13.  The  Marietta  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  the 
St.  Louis  A.  A.  were  tied  for  second  place 
•with  10  points  each.  Summary  of  winners: 
60  yard  run—  Won  by  Loren  Murchison,  St. 

Louis  A.   A.      Time.    :06%. 
300  yard  run—  Won  by  Loren  Murchison.  Time, 

:32^. 
600  yard  run—  Won  by  John  R.  Sellers,  unat- 

tached.   Time.    1:15%. 
1,000    yard    run—  Won   by   Joie   Ray,    I.    A.   C. 


2  mile  run— Won  by  Gordon  Nightingale.  Nfew 

Hampshire   State   college.     Time,    9:28%. 
70  yard  high  hurdles— Won  by  Walker  Smith. 
Cornell    university.      Time,     :09%     (equaling 
world's  record). 

16  pound  shotput— Won  by  Patrick  J.  McDon- 
ald,  unattached.     Distance,   44   feet   7  inches. 
Standing  high  jump— Won  by  Lieut.  William  H. 
Taylor,  Marietta  Y.  M.  C.  A.    Height,  5  feet 
4^4  inches    (world's  record). 
Standing  broad  jump — Won  by  Lieut.   William 
H.  Taylor.    Distance,  10  feet  5%  inches. 

CENTRAL   A.  A.   U. 

The  Central  A.  A.  U.  indoor  championship 
meet  of  1919  was  held  in  the  Coliseum.  Chi- 
cago, April  10,  11  and  12  and  resulted  in  a 
victory  for  the  Chicago  Athletic  association 
with  52  points  in  the  senior  contests  and  30 

Soints  in  the  junior  contests.  The  final  stand- 
is:  in  the  senior  contests  was:  Chicago  A.  A., 
52;  Illinois  A.  C..  34;  University  of  Chicago. 
22:  Northwestern,  4;  Great  Lakes,  2;  Logan 
Square  A.  C.,  2;  Ames  college.  1:  unattached. 
1.  Final  standing  in  junior  contests:  Chicago 
A.  A.,  30;  University  of  Chicago,  30;  Illinois 


wegian-American,  A.  C.,  2:  Logan  Square  A 
C.,  1.  Oak  Park  won  the  high  school  con- 
tests with  44  points  to  40  for  Hyde  Park 
and  10  for  Crane. 

The  feature  of  the  meet  was  the  breaking  of 
the  world's  indoor  record  for  1  mile  by  Joie 
W.  Ray  of  the  Illinois  A.  C.,  on  the  opening 
night,  when  he  made  the  distance  in  4:14%, 
the  former  record,  held  by  Johnnie  Overton  of 
Yale,  being  4:16.  Tom  Campbtll  of  the  Uni- 
versity race  ran  600  yards  in  1:13%,  beating 
the  former  world's  record  of  1:13%.  made  by 
Tom  Halpin  of  New  York  in  1914.  Ray  made 
a  new  Central  A.  A.  U.  record  for  half  a  mile 
when  he  covered  the  distance  in  1:57%.  Sum- 
mary of  winners  in  senior  events: 
60  yard  dash—  J.  Loomis.  U.  of  C.  Time,  :06%. 
440  yard  run—  Kennedy.  U.  of  C.  Time.  :52%. 
880  yard  run—  Ray,  I.  A.  C.  Time,  1:57% 

(new   Central   A.  A.  U.   record). 

1  mile  run—  Ray,  I.  A.  C.    Time.  4:14%    (new 
world's  indoor  record). 

2  mile  run—  Ray,   I.  A.  C.    Time,  9:16%    (new 
Central  A.  A.  U.  record). 

1    mile   relay—  Chicago   U.     Time,   3:27%    (new 

Central  A.  A.   U.  record). 

60  yards,  low  hurdles—  J.  Loomis.  Time.  :07%. 
60  yards,  high  hurdles  —  Frank  Loomis,  C.  A.  A. 

Time.    :08. 
Running    high    jump  —  J.    Loomis.     Height,     6 

feet. 
Pole   vault—  Foss.    C.    A.    A.     Height,    13    feet 

2  inches. 
16  pound  shotput—  Kimball,  U.  of  C.    Distance, 

43  feet  6  inches. 

Western  Conference. 

The  University  of  Michigan  won  the  ninth 
annual  indoor  track  and  field  meet  of  the 
Western  Intercollegiate  Conference  Athletic 
association  in  the  Patten  gymnasium,  Evans- 
ton.  ILL.  March  22,  1919.  with  a  total  score 
of  36V2  points.  Chicago  university  was  second 
with  34%  points.  The  other  contestants  fin- 
ished in  the  following  order:  Illinois,  18; 
Northwestern,  13;  Purdue,  4%;  Minnesota.  2; 
Iowa,  1V2;  Wisconsin,  1.  The  winners  in  the 
various  events  were: 
50  yard  dash—  Won  by  Johnson.  Michigan. 

Time,    :05%.     (Ties  world's  record.) 
440    yard    run—  Won    by    Kennedy,     Chicago. 


Time,    :53%. 

mile   run—  Won   by    Speer,   Chicago. 
2:04. 


Time. 


1  mile  run— Won  by  McCosh,   Chicago.    Time, 
4:40. 

2  mile  run— Won  by   McCosh,   Chicago.     Time 
9:48. 

1    mile    relay— Won    by   Chicago    team.     Time, 

3:35%. 
Pole    vault — Won    by    Eielson,     Northwestern. 

Height,   12   feet  4  inches. 

Running  high  jump — Won  by  Johnson,  Michi- 
gan.     Height,    5   feet    11   inches. 
60  yard  high  hurdles — Won  by  Johnson,  Michi- 
gan.    Time.     :08. 

Shotput — Won   by   Smith,    Michigan.     Distance, 
41   feet   2%  inches. 

Championship  Eecord. 
Winner.  Points. 

1911— Chicago  36 

1912— Illinois    .  ..31 

1913— Wisconsin    3316 

1914— Illinois    36 

1915— Chicago   37^4 

1916— Illinois    41% 

1917-Chicago   38 

1918— Michigan  42 

1919— Michigan     36^ 

FRANKLIN  FIELD  RELAY  RACES. 
The   national   championship   relay   races,  for 
colleges  and  high  schools  were  run  on  Frank- 


458 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


lin  field.  Philadelphia.  Pa..  April  25-26.  1919. 

with  the  following  results: 

American  collegre  championship  distance  med- 
ley relay  race,  %.  %,  %  mile — Won  by  Chicago 
(Harris.  Speer.  Moore.  McCosh)  :  Princeton, 
second:  Iowa  State,  third;  Syracuse,  fourth. 
Time.  10:45%. 

American   college   championship   sprint   medley 
relay    race,    first    and    second    men   each    ran 
220  yards,  third  man  440  yards,  fourth  man 
880    yards— Won    by    Pennsylvania     (Davis. 
!     Haymond.    Smith.    Gustafson)  :    Pennsylvania 
'     State    (Taylor.   Hocker.   Demming.   Orr),   sec- 
ond: Dartmouth   (Davis.  Carto.  Marto,  Coak- 
ley).  third:  Lehigrh  (Schultz.  Pengelly.  Doan. 
Grace),  fourth.      Time.  3:38%. 

2  mile  college  relay— Won  by  Chicago  (Mc- 
Cosh. Moore,  Lewis.  Speer)  :  Harvard,  sec- 
'»  ond  (Duggan.  Goodwin,  Douglass,  O'Con- 
nell)  ;  Notre  Dame,  third  (Meredith.  Sweeney, 
McDonough,  Meehan)  :  Columbia,  fourth 
(Knox,  Turner.  Huelsenbeck.  Shaw).  Four 
starters.  Time.  8:11. 

4  mile  college  relay — Won  by  Cornell  (Abra 
hams,  Oleary.  McDermott.  Dresser) :  Syra- 
cuse, second  (Rose.  Simmons.  Fellman. 
Moore)  :  Princeton,  third  (Foresman.  Pen- 
field.  McCulloch.  Raymond)  :  Iowa  State, 
fourth  (Merriam.  Smith,  Stone.  Mitchell) : 
Pennsylvania,  fifth:  Lafayette,  sixth.  Time. 
18:41%. 

1  mile  college  relay— Won  by  Pennsylvania 
(Haymond.  Davis.  Gustafson.  Smith) ;  Ne- 
braska, second  (Gibbs.  Fuchs.  Smith.  Mc- 
Mahon)  :  Cornell,  third  (Mayer.  Coltman. 
Robinson,  Watt):  Missouri,  fourth  (Syl- 
vester. Parlow.  Edwards,  Parker.)  Time. 
3:25. 

High  School  Events. 

1  mile  preparatory  school  relay,  championship 
of  America — Won  by  Mercersburg  (Kimble 
Hunt.  Wright.  Spackman) :  Exeter,  second: 
Hill  school,  third.  Time.  3:35%. 

1  mile  high  school  relay,  championship  of 
America — Won  by  Baltimore  Polytechnic 
(Andrews.  McPhail.  Callis.  Thompson)  :  New- 
ark (N.  J.)  Central,  second;  Marsten  Park. 
Buffalo,  third;  Boston  Latin,  fourth.  Time, 
3:35%. 

1  mile  relay— Won  by  Haverford,  Pa.:  Blair. 
Blairstown,  N.  J..  second;  Tome  institute, 
Port  Deposit.  Md..  third;  Bethlehem,  Pa., 
fourth.  Time.  3:37%. 

1  mile  relay— Won  by  Gillman  Country  school, 
Rolland  Park.  Md.:  George  school.  George. 
Pa.,  second:  Roman  Catholic  High,  Phila- 
delphia, third.  Time.  3:41%. 

1  mile  relay— Won  by  Baltimore  Friend,  York, 
Pa.;  Collegiate  institute,  second:  Pennsylvania 
Deaf,  Philadelphia,    third.     Time,   3:58%. 

DRAKE  RELAY  MEET. 
Des  Moines.  Iowa,  April  19,  1919. 

Universal  Relays. 

4  mile— Won  by  Chicago  (Lewis.  Long.  Moore. 
McCosh)  :  Iowa  State,  second;  Drake,  third. 
Time.  18:56%. 

2  mile— Won     by     Notre     Dame      (Meredith. 
Sweeney,     McDonough,     Meehan) :     Chicago, 
second:     Illinois,     third;     Wisconsin,     fourth. 
Time.   8:02. 

1  mile— Won  by  Nebraska  (Gibbs.  Gillilan. 
Fuchs.  McMahon)  ;  Missouri,  second:  Kan- 
sas third:  Grinnell,  fourth.  Time,  3:26. 

%  mile  university.  Missouri  valley  section- 
Won  by  Grinnell,  (Haas.  Vinsell.  Minty.  Cow- 
den)  :  Kansas,  second:  Nebraska,  third: 
Drake,  fourth.  Time.  .1 :31. 

%  mile  university.  Big  Ten  section— Won  by 
Michigan  (Meese.  Butler.  Loseh.  Johnson)  ; 
Illinois,  second:  Iowa,  third;  Minnesota, 
fourth.  Time.  1:29%. 


College  Relays. 

2     mile— Won    by    Morningside     (Lee,     Myers. 
Shafenberg,     Hunt)  :     Cornell,     second:     Coe,. 
third:    Simpson,    fourth.     Time.    8:23%. 
1     mile— Won     by     Wabash      (Manley.      B°ck, 
Brown.    Nicholson)  :    Coe.    second:     Hamline. 
third;   Parsons,   fourth.     Time.  3:33%. 
%     mile — Won    by     Dubuque     (Duke     Arembs. 
Bergman.    Butler):    Coe.    second:    South    Da- 
kota, third;  Simpson,  fourth.     Time.  1:34%. 

INTERALLIED  GAMES  IN  PARIS. 
Interallied  championship  games  took  place 
in  a  stadium,  named  after  Gen.  Pershing.  in 
Paris.  France,  beginning  in  June  and  ending 
July  5.  1919.  America  was  an  overwhelming- 
winner,  the  points  being  distributed  as  fol- 
lows: 


America   92 


Australia  5 


France   12    Canada    4 

New  Zealand  6    Greece   1 

Following  is  a  recapitulation  of  the  results: 
Track  and  field  events— America,  first;  France, 

second:   New  Zealand,   third. 
Distance   running    (cross-country    and   modified 
marathon) — France,    first;   America   and  Bel- 
gium tied  for  second.     - 
Horse     events — Italy,     first;     France,     second, 

Roumania.  third. 
Fencing— France,  first;  Italy,  second:  Portugal. 

third. 
Shooting— America,   first:  France  second;  Italy 

and  Canada  tied  for  third. 
Swimming — America,    first;    Australia,    second; 

Italy,    third. 
Boxing— America,    first;    France.    Italy.    Canada 

and  Australia  tied  for  second. 
Wrestling— America,  first:  France  and  Belgium 

tied  for  second. 

Golf— France,   first:  America,   second. 
Water  Polo — Belgium,   first;  France,  second. 
Baseball— America,   first. 
Basket  ball— America,   first:  Italy,  second. 
Rugby  football — Czecho-Slovakia,  first:  France. 

second. 

LONG  DISTANCE   RUNNING    (1919). 
March    29 — Chicago.     HI.:     20     miles;     George 

Hankel:  2:02:22. 
March  SO-'-Chicago,  HI.;  6  miles;  Frank  Koch- 

anski:    31:40. 
April    13 — Chicago,    111.;    10    miles;    Henry    G. 

Dobler:    56:40. 
April    19— Boston.    Mass.:    25    miles:    Carl   W. 

A.  Linder;  2:29:13%. 
April  26 — Chicago.  HI.;   3  miles;  Frank  Koch- 

anski;   15:39. 
May   3— Chicago.    111.:    9    miles:    Frank   Kock- 

anski:    50:46. 
May    4— Chicago.    111.:    10    miles;    Joe    Stout: 

58:15. 
May  25 — Chicago.  HI.;  10  miles;  Giacomo  Cla- 

rizio:  1:00:52. 
June   1— New   York.   N.   Y.:   15  miles:   Charles 

Pores;   1:23:24%. 
June    7 — Denver.    Col.:    10%    miles:    Robert    S. 

Martin:   1:03:22. 
June    21— Chicago.    HI.:    6%    miles;    Joie   Ray: 

35:42:02. 
July  4— Chicago.  HI.:  14  miles:  George  Hankel: 

1:32:00. 
July  5— Chicago,  HI.:   12  miles:   Giacomo  Cla- 

rizio:   1:13:00. 
July     19— Pittsburgh.     Pa.:     10     miles;     Jack 

Weber:   1:08:11. 
Aug.  10 — Chicago,  HI.:  8  miles:  August  Kraut; 

51:58. 
Sept.  27— Kenosha.  Wis.:  5  miles;  Al  Parker; 

31:36. 
Oct.    11— Chicago.    111.:    26   miles.    385   yards; 

Edwin    Carlson:    3:14:48. 
Oct.  12— Chicago.  HI.;   9  miles:  59:06%. 

NEW  RECORD  FOR   1.000  YARDS. 
In   the   13th   regiment   armory,  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.,   April   28.    1919.   Joie   Ray   of   the  Illinois 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


459 


Athletic  club.  Chicago,  ran  1,000  yards  in 
2:13%.  breaking  the  world's  record  lor  the 
distance. 

New  Record  for  Low  Hurdles. 

In  Baltimore.  Md..  March  22.  1919.  F.  Pol- 
lard of  the  Meadowbrook  club.  Philadelphia, 
made  a  new  world's  indoor  record  for  100 
yards  over  low  hurdles.  His  time  was  :11%. 
NEW  WORLD'S  RECORD  FOR  POLE  VAULT, 

Frank  Foss  of  the  Chicago  Athletic  asso- 
ciation established  a  new  world's  record  in 
the  pole  vault  Aug.  23,  1919,  at  Sears,  Roe- 
buck &  Co.'s  annual  field  meet  in  Chicago. 
He  cleared  the  top  bar  at  13  feet  3  9-16  inches. 
The  former  record  of  13  feet  2%  inches  was 
held  by  M.  S.  Wright  of  the  Boston  A.  C. 
RECORD  FOR  DAN  O'LEARY. 

Dan  O'Leary.   the   noted   pedestrian,    walked 
100  miles  at  the  Cub  ball  park.  Chicago,  July 
19-20.  1919,  in  23  hours  and  42  minutes,  set- 
ting a  record  for  78  year  old  pedestrians. 
OLYMPIAN  RECORDS. 

Olympian  records  to  date  are  as  follows: 
60   meter   run— :07.    A.   C.   Kraenzlein."  Archie 

Hahn,  W.  Hogenson    (1904). 
100  meter  run— :10%.  S.  F.  Lippincott  (1912). 
200  meter  run— :21%.  Archie  Hahn   (1904). 
400  meter  run— :48.  James  E.Meredith  (1912). 
1,500  meter  run — 3:56%,  A.S.Jackson  (1912). 
800  meter  run— 1 :51  9-10,  James  E.  Meredith 

(1912). 

2,600  meter  steeplechase— 7:34.  G.  W.  Orton. 
4.000  meter  steeplechase— 12:58%.  C.  Reinmer, 

England. 
Marathon  race.  25  miles— 2 :36 :54%.  K.  K.  Mc- 

Arthur   (1912). 

1.600  meter  relay— 3:16%,  America  (1912). 
110    meter  hurdle   race — :15.   F.   C.    Smithson 

(1908). 
200    meter   hurdle    race— :24%.     H.     Hillman 

(1904). 
400     meter    hurdle    race— :55.     C.    J.    Bacon 

(1908). 
Running  high  jump — 6  feet  4  in€he.s,  Alma  W. 

Richards    (1912). 
Running  broad  jump— 24  feet  11%  inches.  L. 

Gutterson   (1912). 
Standing    high    jump— 5    feet    4    inches.    Platt 

Adams    (1912). 
Standing  broad  jump — 11  feet  4%  inches,  Ray 

C.  Ewry    (1904). 
Standing   triple    jump — 36    feet    1   inch.   Peter 

O'Connor    (1906). 

Pole  vault— 12  feet   11  inches.   Harry  S.  Bab- 
cock    (1912). 
Running    hop,    skip    and    jump — 48    feet    11% 

inches,    Ahearne.    England    (1908). 
Putting    16-pound    shot— 50    feet   4   inches.    P. 

J.  McDonald    (1912). 

Throwing  16-pound  hammer — 180  feet  5  inch- 
es. M.  J.  McGrath  (1912). 
Throwing  discus    (Greek  style)— 148  feet   1% 

inches.  A.  R.  Taipale    (1912). 
Throwing   javelin    (free   style)— 199   feet    11% 

inches,  E.  V.  Lemming  (1912). 
Throwing     javelin     (middle)— 179     feet     10% 

inches,  E.  V.  Lemming   (1908). 

It  was  announced  April  10.  1916,  by  Baron 
Pierre  de  Coubertin,  president  of  the  Interna- 
tional Olympian  games  committee,  that  no 
Olympian  games  would  be  held  until  after  the 
close  of  the  European  war. 

WORLD'S  ATHLETIC  RECORDS. 
100  yard  dash— :09%.  R.  E.  Walker.* 
150  yard  dash— :14.  Jack  Donaldson. 
180  yard  dash— :17%.  R.  E.  Walker.* 
220  yard  dash— :20%.    Arthur  Robinson.* 
300  yard  run— :29%.    Jack    Donaldson. 
440  yard  run— :47.   M.  W.  Long.* 
880  yard  run— 1 :52V5.  James  E.  Meredith.* 
1.000  yards— 2:13%.   Joie  Ray.* 

1  mile  run— 4:12%,  N.  S.  Taber.f 

2  mile  run— 9:09%,   A.   Shrubb. 
4  mile  run— 19:23%.   A.  Shrubb. 


5  mile  run— 24:18.   H.   Kohlemainen.* 

2  mile  walk— 13:37.   George  H.  Goulding.* 

Marathon— 2 :29 :39y5,    H.    Kohlemainen. 

50  mile  run— 6:13:58.   E.    W.  Lloyd. 

100  mile  run— 13:26:30.  C.  Rowell. 

120  yard  high  hurdles— :14%.  R.  Simpson.* 

220  yard  low  hurdles—  :23%.  A.  C.  Kraenz- 
lein.* 

High  jump— 6  feet  7  5-16  inche9,  Edward 
Beeson.* 

Broad  jump — 24  feet  11%  inches.  P.  O'Connor. 

Standing  broad  jump — 11  feet  6  inches.  Ray 
C.  Ewry.* 

Pole  vault— 13  feet   3  9-16  inches.  Frank  Foss.* 

Throwing  16-pound  hammer— 189  feet  3  inch- 
es. Pat  Ryan. 

Putting  8-pound  shot — 67  feet    7  inches,  Ralph 

Putting   12-pound   shot — 55    feet    11%    inches. 

Ralph  Rose.* 
Putting  14-pound  shot— 53  feet  4  inches,  Ralph 

Putting  16-pound  shot— 54  feet  4  inches.  Ralph 

Rose.* 
Putting  18-pound  shot— 46  feet  2%  inches,  P. 

J.  McDonald.* 
Putting    21-pound    shot — 40    feet    3%    inches. 

Putting  24-pound  shot — 39  feet  %  inch,  Ralph 


Throwing    discus— 155    feet    8    inches.     Arlie 

Mucks.* 

*Amateur. 

tMade  in  Harvard  stadium  July  16,  1915. 
Old  record  was  4:12^.  made  by  W.  C.  George, 
professional,  in  1886. 

AIRPLANE  RECORDS. 

HIGHEST  ALTITUDES  REACHED. 

The  record  for  height  attained  by  airplane  is 
held  by  Roland  Rohlfs.  who.  at  Mineola.  N.  Y.. 
Sept.  18,  1919.  rose  to  a  height  of  34.610  feet. 
Following  is  a  list  of  notable  altitude  flights 
since  1910: 

Georges  Legagneux.  Pau.  France.  Dec.  9. 
1910.  10.499  feet. 

Arch    Hoxsey.    Los    Angeles.    Cal..    Dec.    26, 

1910,  11,474  feet    (unofficial). 

Capt.  Felix.  Etampes,  France,  Aug.  5,  1911. 
11.330  feet. 

Lincoln  Beachey,  Chicago,  111..  Aug.  20.  1911. 
11,642  feet. 

Roland  G.  Garros,  Parame.  France,  Nov.  7, 

1911,  13.943  feet. 

Lieut.  Blaschke.  Vienna.  June  29.  1912,  14,- 
300  feet. 

Roland  G.  Garros.  Houlgate.  Sept.  6,  1912, 
16.076  feet. 

Georges   Legagneux,    Villacoublay.    Sept.    17,. 

1912,  17,881  feet. 

Edmond  Perreyon.  Buc  aerodrome.  France, 
March  11.  1913,  19.650  feet. 

Georges  Legagneux,  St.  Raphael.  France. 
Dec.  27.  1913.  19,300  feet. 

Theodore   MacCauley,    San  Diego.   Cal.,   Feb. 

25,  1914.   12,120  feet. 

Herr  Linnekogel.  Johannisthal.  Germany, 
March  31.  1914,  20.564  feet. 

Heinrich  Oelreich.  Leipzig,  Germany,  July 
14.  1914,  24.606  feet. 

De  Lloyd  Thompson.  Kansas  City.  Mo.,  Aug. 

6.  1914.   15,600  feet. 

Capt.  H.  LeR.  Muller,  San  Diego.  Cal..  Oct. 
8,  1914.  17,441  feet. 

H.  G.  Hawker,  Hendon.  England.  'June  5, 
1915.  20,000  feet. 

H.    G.    Hawker,    Brooklands,    England.    April 

26.  1916.  24,408  feet. 

Capt.  W.  A.  Robertson.  Jr.,  San  Diego.  Gal.. 
May  12.  1917,  16.400  feet. 

Miss  Ruth  Law,  Peoria,  111..  Sept.  27,  1917, 
14,701  feet  (record  for  women). 

Caleb  Bragg.   Port  Washington.   N.  Y..   Sept. 

7,  1917.  12,900  feet,  in  hydroaeroplane  carry- 
ing two  passengers. 


460 


ALMANAC    AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Lieut.   M.   B.    Kelleher,    with    one   passenger, 
Chicago,   111..   Sept.   8,    1918.    23.500   feet. 
Capt.  A.  R.  Schroeder,  Dayton.  O..   Sept.  13. 

1918,  28.900   feet. 

Sable    Lecointe,    Villacoublay.    France,    May 
20,    1919,    28,871   feet. 
Lieut.  Casale,  prance.  May  28.  1919.  31,000 

ffcPt 

Lieut.  Casale.  France,  June  7,  1919,  31,168 
feet 
Lieut.  Casale,  France.  June  14,  1919.  33,136 

Roland    Rohlfs,    Mineola,    N.    T..    July    25. 

1919,  31,100  feet. 

Roland  Rohlfs,  Mineola,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  13. 
1919.  34,000  feet. 

Roland  Rohlfs,  Mineola,  N.  T..  Sept.  18, 
1919.  34.610  feet. 

LONG  NONSTOP  FLIGHTS. 

Capt.  John  Alcock  and  Lieut.  Arthur  W. 
Brown.  British  aviators,  hold  the  record  for 
the  longest  nonstop  flight  in  a  heavier-than-air 
machine.  They  crossed  the  Atlantic  ocean 
June  14-15.  1919.  from  Newfoundland  to 
Ireland,  covering-  a  distance  estimated  at  1,960 
miles.  Lieut.  Roget  of  France  made  a  flighl 
of  1,375  miles  on  May  25.  1919.  The  NC-4  of 
the  American  navy  made  a  flight  of  1,219 
miles  in  crossing  the  Atlantic  from  New- 
foundland to  the  Azores  May  16-17,  1919. 
The  British  dirigible  R-34.  which  crossed  the 
Atlantic  from  east  to  west  and  wesr  to  east 
in  July,  1919.  holds  the  record  for  the  long- 
est nonstop  flight  by  a  craft  of  that  type- 
more  than  3,200  miles. 

RECORD  FOB  SPEED. 

Records  for  speed  by  airplanes  are  to  be 
accepted  in  most  cases  with  reserve,  as  they 
are  not  always  official.  Sable  Lacointe.  a 
French  aviator,  was  reported  on  Oct.  3,  1919, 
as  flying  three  miles  in  one  minute  in  a  new 
type  Monocoque  at  an  altitude  of  2.000  feet. 
In  a  flight  from  Dayton  to  Cleveland,  O.,  Jan. 
7.  1919,  Pilot  Eric  Springer  and  Mechanician 
Ernest  Longchamp  flew  at  the  rate  of  172 
miles  an  hour. 

RACQUETS. 

NATIONAL    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

Winners  in  Singles. 
1901— Quincy  A.  Shaw,  Boston. 
1902— C.  H.  Mackay,  New  York. 
1903— Payne  Whitney,  New  York. 
1904— George  A.  Brooke,   Philadelphia. 
1905— Lawrence  Waterbury,  New  York. 
1906 — Percy  D.   Haughton,   Boston. 
1907— Reginald  R.  Fincke,  New  York. 
1908— Quincy  A.  Shaw,  Boston. 
1909— Harold  F.  McCormick,  Chicago. 
1910 — Quincy  A.  Shaw,  Boston. 
1911— Reginald  R.  Fincke,  New  York. 
1912— Reginald  R.  Fincke,  New  York. 
3913— Lawrence  Waterbury,   New  York. 
1914 — Lawrence  Waterbury,  New  York. 
1915— Clarence  C.  Pell,  New  York. 
1916— Stanley  G.  Mortimer,  New  York. 
1917— Clarence  C.   Pell,    Tuxedo,    N.   Y. 

Gold  Racquet  Champions. 
1911— J.  Gordon  Douglas.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1912— J.  Gordon  Douglas.  New  York.   N.  Y. 
1913— Harold  F.  McCormick.  Chicago.  111. 
1914— Clarence  C.  Pell.   New  York.   N.  Y. 
1915— Clarence  C.    Pell,   New  York,   N.   Y. 
1916— Clarence  C.  Pell,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1917— Clarence  C.  Pell,  Tuxedo,  N.  Y. 

CANOEING. 

L.  B.  Friede,  international  canoe  champion, 
won  the  American  championship  trophy  at 
Thousand  Islands.  N.  Y.,  Aug.  17.  1919.  by 
outsailing  his  competitors  on  every  leg  of  a 
six  mile  triangular  course.  His  time  was  1:17. 
Ralph  Britton.  Canadian  champion,  was  second. 


SKI   JUMPING. 

CARY  (ILL.)   TOURNAMENT. 

i^  anmial  ski  Jumping  tourney  of 

Carv  Tl  T£  *8SP  •&iS**S!£0  took  place  at 
Lary,  111.,  Feb.  23,  1919.  The  course  was  in 

pod  shape  but  the  weather  conditions  dur 
mg  the  preceding  week  were  unfavorable  and 

mPmtPer%£Pm  0tHer  Cities  did  not  atten<J  the 
meet.  The  amateur  contest  was  taken  bv 
Einar  Jensen  of  the  Great  Lakes  trainin- 
station  with  285  points.  Fred  Brunn  took 
the  professional  event  with  245  points.  He 
naa  no  competition.  Summary: 

Amateurs. 
Won    by    Einar     Jensen.     Great     Lakes—  First 

StS  Pohfts.  Ilk  SeC°nd  JUmP>  16°  leet" 
S'-m™imV&  ^°^e  Ski  dub-  second-First 

ToTaT  pofnVfsi.  SeC°nd  JUmP'  133  feet« 
A1-  ^Shn.son-  Norge  Ski  club,  third—  First  jump 

points  1^6  S6COnd  JUmP<  124  feet  Totai 
Arne  Signer.'  Norge  Ski  club,  fourth—  First 


George    Ortensen     Norge   Ski    club,    fourth- 

fee^  TTaTpoii.^.8600^  jump-  12° 

Professionals. 

Won  by  Fred  Brunn—  First  jump.  134  feet: 
second  jump.  130  feet.  Total  points.  249. 
(Only  one  starter.) 

Long  Standing   Jump. 

138  feet-  (t**y  <"*'  to 


Old  Timers. 
Won  by  D.  Lunde—  Distance.  140  feet. 

Twin  Jump. 
Won  by  Jensen  and  Sletner. 

COLORADO  MEET. 

In  a  ski  jumping  tournament  held  at  Steam- 
boat Springs.  Col..  Feb.  28.  Einar  Jensen  ol 
the  Great  Lake  naval  training  station  won 
the  amateur  event  with  265  points.  His 
longest  jump  was  118  feet.  In  the  profes- 
sional event  Anders  Haugen  of  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
was  the  winner  with  349  poim».  He  made  a 
leap  of  205  feet  but  fell.  Lars  Haugen  of 
Chippewa  Falls  Wis..  made  jumps  of  209  and 
212  feet  but  fell  in  each  instance.  Edward 
Trinder  of  Steamboat  Springs  and  Nels  Ruud 
were  second  and  third  respectively  in  the  ama- 
teur event. 

'Einar  Jensen  won  the  amateur  ski  jumping 
championship  of  the  Rocky  mountain  region 
at  Steamboat  Springs,  Col..  March  1  with  a 
jump  of  128  feet  and  241  points. 

CHAMPIONSHIP  RECORD. 
Following    is    a    list     of     the    professional 
champions  in  the  annual  tournaments  or  the 
National  Ski   associations: 
1909—  John  Evanson.   Duluth.  Minn. 
1910  —  Anders    Haugen.    Cbjippewa    Falls     Wis 

1911—  Francis  Kempe.   Red  Wing.   Minn. 

1912—  Lars  Haugen.   Chippewa  Falls.  Wis 

1913—  Ragnar   Omtvedt,    Chicago.    111. 
L914—  Ragnar  Omtvedt.   Chicago.   111. 
L915  —  Lars  Haugen.   Chippewa  Falls    Wis 
1916—  Henry    Hall.    Ishpeming.    Mich. 

L  91  7—  Ragnar  Omtvedt.  Chicago.  111. 

1918—  Lars  Haugen.   Chippewa  Falls.  Wu 

1919—  No   tournament. 

ILLINOIS  TOURNAMENT. 

The   fourth    annual   ski    tourney   of   Illinois 

was   held    at    Gary,    March    9.    1919,    and    was 

won  by  Sig  Steinwall  of  the  Norge  club,  Chi- 

cago,  with  305%  points.   Einar  Jensen  estab- 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


46L 


lished  a  new   record  for  the  slide  by  making 
a  leap  of  151  feet.    Summary  of  the  meet: 
Longest 
jump.        Score. 

Sig    Steinwall,    Norge 138          305y3 

Arne    Sletner,    Norge 128          287% 

Einar   Jensen.    Great   Lakes 149          241 

Carl    Nilson,    Nerge 96          216% 

George  Ortensen.  Norge 104         190% 

LONGEST  JUMP  ON  RECORD. 
Anders  Haugen  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  made  a 
new  world's  ski  record  at  a  one-day  tourna- 
ment held  at  Dillon,  Col..  March  9,  1919. 
when  he  cleared  213  feet  without  falling.  On 
March  2,  1917.  at  Steamboat  Springs.  Col., 
Henry  Hall  of  that  place  made  a  jump  of  203 
feet,  beating  the  record  of  192  feet  9  inches 
made  at  the  same  place  by  Ragnar  Omtvedt 
of  Chicago.  Feb.  19,  1916. 

ROQUE. 

AMERICAN  LEAGUE  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
The  eighth  annual  tournament  of  the  Amer- 
ican Roque  league  was  held  on  the  Washing- 
ton park   courts.    Chicago.   July   21-27.   1919. 
Final  standing: 

Champion  Division. 

Won.    Lost. 

Harold    Walker,    Chicago 6 

Joseph  Kennedy,  Chicago 5  4 

F.   C.   Turner.    Pasadena 4  5 

H.  E.  Lyman,  Kansas  City 3  6 

Standings  in  the  different  divisions  follow: 
First  Division.  Points. 

H.    Sime,    Chicago 347 

F     C.   Jones,  Chicago 313 

C.  G.  Carlson,  Chicago 286 

A.  B.   Argenbright,   Kansas  City 274 

F.    C.    Koch.    Chicago 263 

J.   P.   Shelley,    Oxford.    Ind 255 

J.    C.    Lathrop,    Chicago 247 

C.  W.   Davis,    Newcastle,   Pa 241 

W.    H.    Hoagland,    Peoria..... 229 

W.   A.  Rounds.   Cleveland.   0 207 

Joseph    Matousek.    Cleveland 203 

O.  H.  Hinds,  Iowa 192 

Second  Division. 
L.  A.  Carr,  Chicago 278 

B.  E.  Euchner.   Chicago   271 

A.   P.   Goodhue,   Chicago    266 

James    Wood,    Chicago 243 

M.   T.   Reeves,   Columbus.   Ind 240 

F.  M.   Kile.    Decatur 233 

A.    G.    Griffith.    Cleveland 231 

J.   O.   Henry.    Decatur 230 

L.    A.    Chamberlain.    Pittsfield.    Ill 210 

W.  O.   Smith,   Chicago 207 

M.  H.  Pence.  New  Paris.  0 195 

G.  H.  Lyon.  Chicago 137 

Third  Division. 

W.   Myers.    Newport.    Ind 245 

E.  M.  Robbins,   Kansas  City 212 

A.  Jacobson,    Chicago 206 

William  Blashfield,    Hartford.   Mich... 187 

B.  E.    Neel,    Newport.    Ind 187 

T.  I.  Wasson,  Marshalltown,  Iowa 183 

E.  Conklin.  Hartford,  Mich 181 

L.    V.    Barber.    Decatur 133 

R.    Glendenning.    Chicago 123 

W.  Wiley.  New  Paris,   0 88 

LINCOLN  PARK  TOURNAMENT^ 
In    a    roque    tournament    held    in    Lincoln 

£ark,    Chicago.    July    29-Aug.    7.    1919.    J.    C. 
athrop  was  the  winner  in  the  fi>st  division, 
L.  L.   McDermott  in  the  second  division   and 

D.  Sandberg  in  the  third  division. 

NATIONAL  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
Edward  Clark  of  Springfield.  Mass..  won  the 
national  championship  at  roque  in  the  tourna- 
ment of  the  National  association  held  at  Nor- 
wich. Conn.,  and  ending  Aug.  23.  1919.  his 
score  being  eleven  games  won  and  one  lost. 


His    opponent    in    the   final   game   was   C.    G. 
Wilhams  of  Washington.  D.  C..  holder  of  the 

WRESTLING. 

LEWIS  VS.  STECHER. 

In  a  contest  for  the  heavyweight  wrestling- 
^"S1"8^^1  l^e  Coliseum.  Chicago,  March  3. 
1919.  Edward  Lewis  defeated  Joe  Stecher  after 
a  struggle  lasting  2:12:37.  A  single  fall  de- 
termined the  contest  as  it  had  been  agreed 
that  if  the  wrestling  proceeded  more  than  an 
hour  and  a  half  without  a  fall  one  flattening 
hold  should  decide  the  issue. 

ZBYSZKO  VS.  LEWIS. 

Wladek  Zbyszko  defeated  Edward  Lewis  at 
Madison  Square  garden.  New  York  N  Y 
March  21.  1919,  after  1:34:37  of  hard  wres- 
tling. Though  nearly  used  up.  the  Polish 
wrestler  in  a  last  desperate  effort  grabbed 
Lewis  about  the  body,  lifted  him  high  in  the 
air  and  throwing  him  down  landed  him  square- 
ly on  his  back. 

In  the  Coliseum.  Chicago.  April  28,  1919. 
Zbyszko  defeated  Lewis  after  2:14:09  of  high 
grade  wrestling.  Lewis  had  apparently  had 
the  best  of  the  contest  until  his  grip  on  his 
opponent  slipped  off  and  he  fell  on  his  side. 
The  Pole  leaped  on  him  and  held  him  down 
with  a  body  scissors  hold  until  the  referee 
gave  him  the  victory. 

Zbyszko  and  Lewis  met  again  in  the  Coliseum 
May  19.  1919.  and  this  time  Lewis  was  the 
winner,  taking  two  falls  out  of  three.  The 
first  was  won  by  Zbyszko  in  1:36:52  with  a 
reverse  body  lock.  Lewis  won  the  second  and 
third  f  alls  in  48 :35  and  12 :56  with  head  locks  I 
STECHER  VS.  ZBYSZKO. 

Joe  Stecher  defeated  Wladek  Zbyszko  in 
Louisville.  Ky..  May  9,  1919.  in  a  one-fall 
match  in  1:45:15.  Stecher  used  the  body 
scissors  and  bar  arm  holds. 

BASKET   BALL. 

CONFERENCE  CHAMPIONSHIP. 
The  University  of  Minnesota  basket  ball 
team  won  the  "Big  10"  or  conference  cham- 
pionship of  1919  with  a  percentage  of  1.000 
The  University  of  Chicago  was  second  with  a 
percentage  of  .833,  having  lost  two  games  out 
of  twelve,  one  to  the  Northwestern  team  and 
one  to  Wisconsin.  Team  standing  at  close  of 

Won.  Lost.    Pet. 

Minnesota    10  0     l.OOO 

Chicago    10  2  .833 

Northwestern 6  4  .600 

Michigan  5  4  .555 

Illinois   5  7  417 

Purdue 4  7  !364 

Wisconsin    3  g  273 

Iowa    4  7  .364 

Indiana  3  6  25O 

Ohio  state ::::.:;  z    §    .250 

Championship  Record. 
1908— Chicago.  1914— Wisconsin. 

1909— Chicago.  1915— Illinois. 

1910— Chicago.  1916— Wisconsin 

1911— Minnesota.*  1917— Minnesota  * 

Purdue.*  Illinois  * 

1912— Wisconsin.*  1918— Wisconsin 

Purdue.*  1919— Minnesota. 

1913— Wisconsin. 
*Tied  in  percentage. 

EASTERN  INTERCOLLEGIATE. 
Pennsylvania  won  the  eastern  intercollegiate> 
basket  ball  championship  in  the  league  season 
which   closed    March    15.    1919.   with   Yale  in 
second  and  Cornell  in  third  place. 

CENTRAL   A.   A.   U.   CHAMPIONSHIP. 
The  Olympic  club  of  Madison,  Wis.,  won  the 
Central  A.  A.  U.  basket  ball  championship  of 


462 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


1919  by  defeating  the  Edison  Athletic  club  of 
New  London.  Wis..  in  Chicago,  March  14. 
1919.  by  a  score  of  32  to  22.  The  Camp 
Grant  team  won  third  place. 

FENCING. 

INTERCOLLEGIATE  CHAMPIONS. 


1894— Harvard. 
1895^Harvard. 
1896— Harvard. 
1 897— Harvard. 
1898— Columbia. 
1899— Harvard. 
1900— Harvard. 
1901— Annapolis. 
1902— West  Point. 
1903— West   Point. 
1904— West  Point. 
1905— Annapolis. 
1906— West  Point. 


1907— Annapolis. 
1908— West  Point. 
1909— West   Point. 
1910 — Annapolis. 
1911— Cornell. 
1912— West   Point. 
1913— Columbia. 
1914— Columbia. 
1915— Annapolis. 
1916— Annapolis. 
1917— Annapolis. 
1918— Columbia. 
1919-Columbia. 


POLO. 

AMERICAN  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
The  contests  for  the  junior  and  senior  polo 
championships  of  the  United  States  took  place 
on  the  grounds  of  the  Philadelphia  Country 
club  beginning:  Sept.  13.  1919.  The  Meadow- 
brook  second  team  of  Westbury,  L.  I.,  won 
the  junior  title  by  defeating  the  Philadelphia 
Country  club  team  in  the  final  match  4% 
goals  to  3%.  The  senior  title  went  to  the 
Rockaway  Hunt  club  team  by  default,  the 
deciding  contest  between  that  quartet  and 
the  Philadelphia  Country  club  first  team,  which 
was  to  have  taken  place  on  Sept.  23.  being 


called  off  on  account  of  the  unavoidable  ab- 
sence of  Thomas  Stokes,  the  forward  of  the 
Philadelphias. 

WESTERN  GAMES. 

June   22— Miami   Valley    Hunt    and  Polo   club. 
8%  goals:  Onwentsia  club.  Chicago.  2%  goals. 
Game  played  at  Dayton.  O. 
June   28— Miami   Valley   Hunt    and   Polo   club. 
11;   Onwentsia,  3.  Game  played  at  Dayton.  O. 
June   29— Miami   Valley   Hunt   and   Polo   club, 
13;    Onwentsia,    2%.     Game   played   at   Day- 
ton. O. 

July  12— Miami  Valley  Hunt  and  Polo  club. 
4%:  Onwentsia,  4.  Game  played  at  Day- 
ton. O. 

July  19— Onwentsia.  5;  Miami  Valley  Hunt 
and  Polo  club,  2%.  Game  played  at  Lake 
Forest.  111. 

Oct.  11— Onwentsia.  9:  Miami  Valley  Hunt  and 
Polo  club.  8.  Game  played  at  Lake  Forest. 
111. 

DOG  RACING. 

HUDSON  BAY  DERBY. 

The  Hudson  Bay  Derby  race  of  100  miles  for 
dog  teams  was  won  March  19.  1919,  by  Bates 
Campbell  in  15:35.  His  team  covered  the 
course,  which  began  and  ended  at  The  Pas. 
Manitoba,  without  stopping.  Bates  Campbell 
drove  the  same  team  that  his  brother.  Albert 
Campbell,  piloted  to  victory  in  the  Winnipeg- 
St.  Paul  race  in  1917.  The  trail  was  banked 
high  with  snow  in  places  and  was  badly  cut 
up  in  others. 


EDITH  CAVELL  BURIED  IN  ENGLAND. 


Edith  Cavell.  the  English  nurse  whose  exe- 
cution by  the  Germans  was  one  of  the  saddest 
tragedies  of  the  world  war,  received  extraordi- 
nary honors  when  her  remains  were  brought 
to  England  for  burial  May  15.1919.  Her 
body  was  exhumed  on  March  17  from  the 
unmarked  grave  in  which  the  Germans  had 
buried  her  after  they  had  shot  her  to  death 
early  on  the  morning  of  Oct.  12.  1915,  within 
a  building  at  Schaerbeek,  a  suburb  of  Brus- 
sels, used  in  connection  with  the  national 
shooting  ground  at  that  place.  An  examina- 
tion revealed  that  she  had  been  struck  by 
four  bullets,  two  of  which  entered  her  right 
side  and  two  the  left,  one  piercing  the  heart 
and  causing  instantaneous  death.  The  body 
was  well  preserved  and  the  features  were 
perfectly  recognizable. 

Encased  in  a  double  coffin  of  oak  and  zinc 
the  remains  were  permitted  to  rest  in  the  Tir 
National  cemetery  until  May  13.  when  they 
were  placed  on  a  gun  carriage  drawn  by  six 
"black  horses  and  taken  to  the  Gare  du  Nord 
in  Brussels.  Both  at  the  cemetery  and  the 
station  military  honors  were  paid  to  the 
martyred  nurse  by  detachments  of  British  and 
Belgian  troops.  A  funeral  service  was  con- 
ducted in  the  railroad  station  by  the  Rev.  H. 
S.  T.  Gahan.  the  British  chanlain  who  was 
with  Miss  Cavell  on  the  evening  before  her 
execution.  The  coffin  was  then  taken  by  train 
to  Ostend.  where  it  was  placed  on  board  the 
destroyer  Radiant  and  conveyed  to  Dover, 
England.  It  arrived  there  on  May  14  and 
was  received  by  a  special  committee  having 
charge  of  the  funeral  arrangements  in  England. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  body  in  London  on 
May  15  a  public  funeral  was  held.  The 
streets  through  which  the  cortege  moved  were 
congested  with  crowds  and  the  vicinity  of 
Westminster  abbey,  in  which  an  impressive 
memorial  service  was  held,  was  packed  with  a 
great  multitude  gathered  to  do  reverent  homage 
to  the  brave  nurse  who.  as  the  bishop  of  Lon- 
don said,  "deserved  much  from  the  British 


empire."  In  the  abbey  the  services  were 
conducted  by  the  dean  of  Westminster  in  the 
presence  of  a  large  congregation  of  high  Brit- 
ish officials,  representatives  of  foreign  coun- 
tries and  persons  prominent  in  many  walks  of 
life.  The  choir  sang  the  23d  psalm,  Sulli- 
van's anthem.  "Yea,  though  I  walk  through 
the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death"  and  "I 
Heard  a  Voice  from  Heaven."  The  litany,  the 
Lord's  prayer  and  two  collects  were  repeated, 
followed  by  the  hymn,  "Abide  With  Me."  The 
benediction  was  then  pronounced  and  the  last 
post  and  reveille  sounded.  The  services  lasted 
half  an  hour,  after  which  the  procession  left 
the  abbey  to  the  strains  of  Chopin's  funeral 
march. 

The  body  was  then  taken  by  train  to  Nor- 
wich, the  home  of  Miss  Cavell.  The  coffin 
was  placed  upon  a  gun  carriage  and  carried 
to  Norwich  cathedral,  where  another  service 
officially  designated  as  the  "funeral  of  Edith 
Cavell.  a  nurse  who  gave  her  life  for  her 
countrymen."  was  held.  At  the  grave  the 
latter  portion  of  the  burial  service  was  con- 
ducted by  the  bishop  and  the  hymn  "Abide 
With  Me."  which  Miss  Cavell  repeated  shortly 
before  her  execution,  was  eung. 

On  the  coffin  in  which  she  was  buried  was 
the  simple  inscription:  "Edith  Cavell.  Born 
December  4,  1865.  Died  October  12.  1915." 

CAPT.    CHARLES    FRYATT    ALSO    BURIED 

IN  ENGLAND. 

The  remains  of  Capt.  Charles  Fryatt,  who 
was  executed  by  the  Germans  in  Bruges,  Bel- 
gium. July  27.  1916,  on  the  charge  of  having 
attempted  to  ram  a  German  submarine,  were 
brought  to  England  in  July,  1919.  and  were 
buried  with  honors  similar  to  those  paid  to 
Edith  Cavell.  The  body  was  brought  to  Dover 
on  a  destroyer  with  a  naval  escort  on  July  7 
and  on  the  following  day  was  taken  by  train 
to  London,  where  national  memorial  s^rvicps 
were  held  in  St.  Paul's  cathedral.  The  in- 
terment took  place  at  Dovercourt  July  8. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


463 


FINANCIAL  STATEMENT    OF   THE   U.   S.   GOVERNMENT    (APRIL  30.    1919). 

Formerly  issued  as  "Statement  of  the  Public  Debt." 
CASH  AVAILABLE  TO  PAY  MATURING  OBLIGATIONS. 
Balance  held  by   the  treasurer   of  the   United   States  as  per   daily   treasury 

statement  for  April  30.   1919 .7. 81.052,633.836.80 

Deduct— Net   excess   of  disbursements   over  receipts  in  April   reports   subse- 
quently received  98.169.159.51 

Total     954.464.677.29 

Settlement   warrants,   matured  interest   obligations  and  checks  outstanding— 

Treasury    warrants... 1.282.839.39 

Matured  interest   obligations* '....'..* 95.615.905.41 

Disbursing   officers'   checks 165.540,912.20 

Balance  free  of  current   obligations 692.025.020.29 

Total  954.464,677.29 

•The  unpaid  interest  due  on    liberty  loans  is  estimated  in  cases  where  complete  reports 
have  not  been  received. 

PUBLIC  DEBT. 
Debt  Bearing  No  Interest, 
Payable  on  presentation. 

Obligations  required  to  be  reissued  when  redeemed— United  States  notes $346,681.016.00 

Less  gold  reserve 152,979,025.63 

Excess  of  notes  over  reserve • . . .  193,701.990.37 

Obligations  that  will  be  retired  on  presentation— Old  demand  notes 53.012.50 

National   bank    notes    and     federal    reserve    bank    notes    assumed   by  the 

United  States  on  deposit  of  lawful  money  for  their  retirement 39.210.572.00 

Fractional  currency    6.844.417.82 

Total    239.809.992.69 

Debt  on  Which  Interest  Has  Ceased  dtnce  Maturity. 

Payable  on  presentation. 
Funded  loan  of  1891,   continued  at   2  per  cent,  called  for  redemption  May 

18.  1900:  interest  ceased  Aug.  18.  1900 S4.000.00 

Funded  loan  of  1891.  matured  Sept.  2.  1891 ,  19.950.00 

Loan  of  1904,  matured  Feb.  2.  1904...  13.050.00 

Funded  loan  of  1907.  matured  July  2.  1907...  410.700.00 

Refunding  certificates,  matured  July  1,  1907 10.930.00 

Old  debt    matured  at  various  dates  prior  to  Jan.  1.   1891,  and  other  items 

of  debt  matured  at  various  dates  subsequent  to  Jan.  1.  1861 

Certificates  of  indebtedness,  at  various  interest  rates,  matured 

Loan   of   1908-18 


1919 

$646,250,150.00       $599,724,050.00 
162,315,400.00          118,489,900.00 


54,631,980.00 
30,000,000,00 

50,000,000.00 
28,894,500.00 


48,954,180.00 
26,947,400.00 


50,000,000.00 
28,894.500.00 


900.330.26 
1.534.500.00 
1.198.680.00 

Total     ,. 4.092,140.26 

Interest  Bearing  Debt. 

Payable  on  or  after  specified  future  dates.  Tot.  outstanding 

Title  of  loan.  Authorizing  act.  Rate.         Issued.  Amount  issued.  April   30, 

Consols  of  1930 March   14,    1900 2  per  cent.  1900.... 

Loan   of  1925 Jan.    14,    1875 4  per  cent.  1895-96. 

Panama   canal  loan: 

Series    1916-36 June  28.  1902,  and  Dec. 

21.  1905 2  per  cent.  1906.... 

Series    1918-38 June  28.  1902.  and  Dec. 

21.  1905 2  per  cent.  1908.... 

Series    1961 Aug.    5,    1909.    Feb.    4, 

1910,  &  March  2,  19113  per  cent.  1911.... 

Conversion  bonds Dec.    23.   1913...* 3  per  cent.  1916-17. 

Certificates     of     indebted- 
ness   (various)    Sept,       24,      1917,      as 

amended     Various   ...1918-19.   6,592,357,800.00     6,099,475,800.00 

Certificates  of  indebtedness  Sept.      24,       1917,      as 

amended  Apr.  23,  19182  per  cent.  1918-19.      156.683,000.00         166,683,000.00 

First  Liberty  loan   April   24,    1917 &/z  per  cent  1917....   1,989,455,550.00     1,410,071,600.00 

First  Liberty  loan  conv't'd  Apr.  24,  1917;  Sept.  24, 

1917 !..... .4  per  cent.  1917.. 

First  Liberty  loan  conv't'd.  April    24,    1917;    Sept. 

24,  1917.   as   amended  4*4  per  cent  1918.. 
First   Liberty  loan,  second 

converted    Apr.  24,  1917;  Sept.  24, 

1917,    as   amended....  4%  percent  1918. 

Second  Liberty  loan Sppt.  2-4,  1917 4  per  cent.  1917. 

Second  Liberty  loan  conv'td  Sept.  24, 1917.  nsamended  4^  percent  1918. 

Third    Liberty    loan Sept.  24,1917,  as  amended  4%  per  cent  1918. 

Fourth   Liberty   loan Sept.  24,1917,  asamended  4%  per  cent  1918. 

Victory  Liberty  loan Sept.  24,1917,  asamended  3%   and   4% 

per  cent  .1919.. 

War  savings  &  thrift  stamps  Sept.  24,1917,  as  amended  t*  per  cent  1917-8  9  $f,084,l39,840.30 
Postal    savings   bonds — 

(1st   to   16th   series)....  June'   25,   1910 2^  percent  1911-19. 

Aggregate  of  Interest-bearing   debt 29,786,307,537.17    24.577.056,717.10 

*This  amount  represents  receipts  of  the ,  to  April  30.  tThe  average  issue  price  of  war 
treasurer  of  the  United  States  on  account  of  I  savings  stamps  for  the  years  1918  and  1919 
principal  of  bonds  of  the  fourth  liberty  loan  |  with  interest  at  4  per  cent  per  annum  coir 


568,318,450.00 

183,167,200.00 

390,068,700.00 

888,065,650.00 

3,492,050.00 
3,807,864,150.00 

3,492,050.00 
784,770,250.00 

2.954,043.900.00 

2.781,703,900.00 

4,174,147,750.00 
*6,959,422,886.87 

3,973,191,8)0.00 
6,809,422,886.87 

§122,871,470.00 
$1,084,139,840.30 

122,871,470.00 
980,781,070.23 

11,349,960.00 

11,349,960.00 

464 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


pounded  quarterly  for  the  average  period  to  count  of  proceeds  of  sales  of  war  savings  cer- 
maturity  will  amount  to  $5  on  Jan.  1.  1923,  and  I  tificate  stamps  and  U.  S.  thrift  stamps.  §This 
Jan.  1.  1924.  respectively.  Thrift  stamps  do  not  |  nmotint  represents  receipts  of  the  treasurer  of 
bear  interest.  JThis  amount  represents  receipts  the  United  States  on  account  of  principal  of 
of  the  treasurer  of  the  United  States  on  ac-  '  bonds  of  the  Victory  Liberty  loan  to  April  30. 

RECAPITULATION. 
Gross  Debt.  Xet  Debt. 

Debt  bearing-  no   interest....    $239,809.992.69  I  Gross  debt   (above) $24.820.958.850.05 

Debt  on  which  int.  has  ceased.  4.092,140.26    Deduct— Balance  free  of  cur- 
Interest   bearing  debt 24,577.056.717.10 


rent  obligations. 


692.025.020.29 


'Gross  debt 24.820.958.850.05        tNet  debt 24,128,933,829.76 

*Total    gross    debt    April    30.    1919.    on    the   basis    of   daily    treasury   state- 
ments  •••-.•••-. :.- $24,824,345,946.09 

3,387.096.04 


Net  amount  of  public  debt  payments  in  transit,  etc.,  April  30,    1919 


tThe  amount  of  $8,872.623.158.27  has  been 
expended  to  above  date  in  this  and  preceding 
fiscal  years  from  the  proceeds  of  sales  of  bonds 
authorized- by  law  for  purchase  of  the  obliga- 


tions of  foreign  governments. 


are  received  from  forei 


24,820,958,850.05 


When  payments 

PAY  WARRANTS  DRAWN. 


are  received  from  foreign  governments  on  ac- 
count of  the  principal  of  their  obligations,  they 
must  be  applied  to  the  reduction  of  the  inter- 
est bearing  debt  of  the  United  States. 


Fiscal  year  1918 

Fiscal  year  1919  to  correspond- 
to  April  30.  ing  date 

Ordinary— Legislative  establishment  $14,846,098.96  $1288178236 

Executive   proper    27.827,057.49  8467'099'85 

State   department    12.101,046.29  9  315'o°4'39 

Treasury   department— Excluding  public  buildings *321, 734. 263.11  *l°o'S24'764'<> 

Public  buildings  14,281.024.79  14'995>5'>l'63 

War  department— Military  establishment t8,651, 330. 819.57  t4.06l'°0l'836'85 

Civil  establishment— War  department  proper 17.634.894.09  14,114-240'43 

Miscellaneous  wir.  civil 10.281.244.22  7.682870*80 

Rivers  and  harbors 27.344,464.90  23,288  836*03 

Department  of  justice 14.175.401.60  11,027.672'82 

Postoffice  department— Excluding  postal  service 1.699.839.26  1  643  911  47 

Postal   deficiencies    343.511.15      

Navy  department— Naval  establishment Jl. 806,806. 145.08  jl.057.624  374  69 

Civil  establishment   7.622.746.99  1.4?0,965.'53 

Interior  department — Excluding  pensions  and  Indians —         26.637.384  92  32  081  801  71 

Pensions   182.243.740.04  146.'284.'256.97 

Indians'   31.502.756.95  26.000565.01 

Department    of   agriculture 36.449.069.68  38620,808.65 

Department  of  commerce 13.374.395.90  11.299.377.29 

Department  of  labor 11.739.545.04  4.793,07963 

Federal  control  of  transportation  systems 349.456,445.69  83,964.000.00 

War  finance  corporation 295.000.0.00.00      

United   States  shipping  board 1,676.906,203.09  594,221,787.36 

Other  independent  offices  and  commissions 193.861.100.41  65.338,515.35 

District  of  Columbia 14.177.293.20  12.349,547.08 

Interest  on  the  public  debt 420.741.448.44  66,001,952.27 

Total  ordinary 14.180.117.940.86  6.430,455,092.39 

Panama  canal— Pay  warrants  for  construction,  etc 10.926.230.21  17,945.089.58 

Special— Purchase  of  obligations  of  foreign  governments..    3.228.188.408.27  4,082.329.750.00 

Purchase  of  farm  loan  bonds 55.664.821.17  54.000.000.00 

Total  warrants  drawn   on   general   fund,   exclusive   of 

public  debt   17.474,897.400.51     10.584,729.931.97 

*Includes  all  warrants  drawn  for  payments  by  the  bureau  of  war  risk  insurance  except 
for  army,  navy  and  marine  corps  allotments  of  pay.  tlncludes  warrants  for  allotments  of 
army  pay  paid  by  the  treasury  department  under  the  war  risk  insurance  act.  ^Includes  war- 
rants for  allotments  of  navy  and  marine  corps  pay  paid  by  the  treasury  department  under  the 
war  risk  insurance  act. 

MEMORANDA. 
Amount   due   the  United   States  from   the   central   branch   of  the   Union  Pacific 

railroad  on  account   of  bonds  issued— Principal $1,600.000.00 

Interest    1.976,305.31 

Total 3.576,305.31 

Note— The  public  debt  on   June  30.  1919,  was  $25,484,506.160. 

OUTSTANDING    PRINCIPAL    OF    PUBLIC    DEBT. 

On    Jan.    1    of    each    rear    from    1791    to    1843.  inclusive,  and  on  July  1  of  each  year  sinco. 

Tear.                     Amount.     Tonr.                    Amnnnf.      Year.  Amorni-    I  Yonr.  Amoint 

1791 $75,463.476.52     1796 $83,762,172.07     1801 ?83,03<?.0"0.8n  |  ISOS ?73, 723.270.66 

1792 77.?27.9°4  66     1797 82.0flt. 479.33     1«02 80,712.632.25     1907...  69.218,39864 

1793 RO.3-8.fTC4.04     179S 79.2?S.R29.12     1803. 77,064,686.40     1*08 6^.1^.317.97 

1794 78,427.404.77     1799 7S.-iOS.PR9. 77     1804 86.427,120.88     1809 57.023.192.09 

1795 80,747.587.39     1SOO 82.976.294.35     1805 82.312,150.50     1810 53.173,217.52 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


465 


Year. 
1811  

Amount. 
$48.005,587.76 
45,209,737.90 
55.962.827.57 
81,487,846.24 
99,833,660.15 
127,334,933.74 
123,591,965.16 
103,466,633.83 
95.529,648.28 
91,015,566.15 
89.987,427.66 
93.546.676.98 
90  875  877.28 

Year. 
1839  
1840 

Amount. 
$10.434,221.14 
3,573.343.32 
5.250.875.54 
13,594.480.73 
20.201.226.27 
32,742,922.00 
23.461,652.50 
15.925.303.01 
15.550.202.97 
38,826.534.77 
47.044.S62.23 
63.061,858.69 
63.452,773.55 
68.304.796.02 
66.199.341.71 
59  803.117  70 

Year. 

1865... 
1866 

Amount. 
....  2,680,647,869.74 
2  773  236  173  69 

Year. 
1892  
1893.... 
1894.... 
1895.... 
1896.... 
1897.... 
1898.... 
1899.... 
1900.... 

Amount. 
.  $1,588,464,  144.63 
1,545.985,686.13 
1.632,253,636.68 
1.676.120,983.25 
1.769,840.323.40 
1,817.672.665.90 
.  1.796.531,995.90 
1,991,927,306.92 
2  136,961.091.67 

1812 

1813  
1814  
1815 

1841  

1867... 
1868  .. 

....2,678,126,103.87 
....  2,611,687,851  19 

1842  
1843  
1843  
1844  

1869 

2  588  452  213  94 

1816  
1817 

1870... 

1871... 

....2,480.672,427.81 
.  ...  2  353  211  332.32 

1818 

1845 

1872 

2  253  251  328  78 

1819  
1820  
18<>1 

1846  
1847  
1848     .... 

1873... 

2,234,482,993.20 

1874... 

....  2,251,690,468.43 

1901.... 
1902.... 
1903.... 
1904.... 
1905.... 
1906.... 
1907.... 
1908.... 
1909.... 
1910.... 
1911.... 
1912.... 
1913.... 
1914.... 
1915..   . 
1916.... 
1917.... 
1918.  .  . 

2,143.326.933.89 
2.158.610,445.39 
2.202.464,781.89 
2,264.003.585.14 
2.274.615,063.84 
2.337.161.839.04 
2.457.188.061.54 
2  626  806  271  54 

1875 

2  239  284  531  95 

1822  
1823 

1849 

1876... 
1877  .. 

....  2.180.S95.  067.15 
2  205  301  392  10 

1850  

1824  
1S95 

90.269,777.77 
83,788,332.71 
81.955,059.99 
73.987.357.20 
67.475,043.87 
58.421.413.67 
48.565.406.50 
39.123,191.68 
24.322.235.18 
7,001,698.83 
4,760,082.08 
33.733.05 
37.513.05 
336.957.83 
3.308,124.07 

1851 

1878 

2  256  205  892  53 

1852 

1879... 
1880. 

....2.34C.567,  232.04 
..      2  120  415  370  63 

1896 

1853  

1827 

1854  

42.242.222.42 
35.586.956.56 
31.932.537.90 
28.699.831.85 
44.911.881.03 
58.496.837.88 
64.842,287.88 
90,580,873.72 
524,176.412.13 
1.119.772,138.63 
1,815,784,370.57 

1881 

2  069  013  569  58 

1828  
1829 

1855  
1856  
1857  
1858  
1859  

1882... 
1883... 

....1,918,312,994.03 
1  884,171,728  07 

2,639,546,241.04 
2,652,665,838.04 
2.765.600,606.69 
2.868,373.874.16 
2.916.204,913.66 
2.912.499,269.16 
3.058,136.873.16 
3.609.244.262.16 
5.717.770,279.52 
.14,592,161,414.00 

1830  
1831 

1884... 
1885... 
1886... 
1887 

....1,830,528,923.57 
....1,863,964,873.14 
...    1,775.063.013.78 
1  657  602  592  6? 

1832  
1833 

I860  

1834 

1S61  
1862  
1863... 

1888... 

..  1.692.858.984.58 

1835  
1836 

1889... 
1890... 
1891... 

...    1.619,052.922.23 
...    1,552,140.204.73 
..    1.545.996.591.61 

1837 

1864  

1838... 

ANALYSIS  OF  THE   PUBLIC  DEBT. 


JULY  1. 

Debt  on 
which  in- 
terest has 
ceased. 

Debt  bear- 
ing no 
interest.* 

Outstanding 
principal. 

Cash  in  the 
treasury. 

Total  of 
debt  less  cash 
in  treasury. 

Popula- 
tion 
of  the 
United 
States. 

Debt  perl 
capita. 

Interest 
per 
capita. 

1890 

$1,815,805.2* 
I.til4,705.2( 
2,785.870.20 
2.094,060.2t> 
1.851.240.26 
l,721.590.2f 
1,600.890.2*' 
l.34B.880.2b 
1.262.680.00 
1.218.300.26 
1  176  320  26 

$825,011,289.47 
933,852.766.35 
1.000,648.939.37 

958.S54.5-25.87 
995.360.506.42 
958.197,331.99 
920,839.543.14 
968,960.655.64 
947,901.845.64 
944.660.256.6b 
1,112.305.911.41 
1.154.770.273.63 
1.226.259,245.63 
1,286,718.281.63 
1,366.875.224.88 
1.378.086.478.58 
1,440,874.563.78 
1.561,266.966.00 
1,725.  172.26ti.28 
1,723,344.895.78 
1,737,223.452.78 
1.848.367,586.43 
1,902.836.653.90 
1.948.618.753.40 
1,942.993.3'J8.90 
2,086.570.522.90 
2.636.208.571.90 
2.990.988.572.65 
2.586.036.427.o2 

$1,552.140,204.73 
1,545,996.591.61 
1,558.464,144.63 
1,545.985,686.13 
1,632.253.636.68 
1.675,120.983.25 
1,769,840.323.40 
1,817.672.665.90 
1,796.531.995.90 
1.991.927,306.92 
2.136.861.091.67 
2.143.326.933.89 
2,158,610,445.89 
2,202,464.781.89 
2.264.003.585.14 
2.274,615.063.84 
2.337,161.839.04 
2.457.188.061.54 
2.626.806.271.54 
2,639.546.241.04 
2.652.665.838.04 
2.765,600.606.69 
2.868.373.874.16 
2.916,204.913.66 
2,912,499.269.16 
3.058.136.873.16 
8,609,244.262.18 
5.717.770,279.52 
14,502.161,414.00 

$661  .355.834  .20 
694,083,839.83 
746,937.681.03 
707,016.210.89 
732.940,256.13 
811.061.686.46 
853,905,635.51 
325.649.765.87 
769.446.503.76 
836.607.071.73 
1,029.249.833.78 
1,098,587.813.92 
1,189.153.204.85 
1,277.453.144.58 
1,296.771.811.39 
1.365.467.439.06 
1,372.726.152.25 
1.578.591.306.51 
1.688,673,862.16 
1,615,684,710.25 
1.606.216.652.79 
1.749.816.268.23 
1.840.799.176.88 
1,887,640.858.52 
1.885,242.259.60 
1.967.988,867.16 
2.620.024.tf40.5U 
3.809.135.055.70 
3.667.8S0.058.77 

$924,465.218.53 
851,912,751.78 
841,526,463.6$ 
838.969,475.75 
899.313.380.55 
864.059.314.78 
915,934,687.89 
992.022.900.aS 
1.027,085.492.14 
1.155,320,235.19 
1,107,711.257.89 
1,044,739.119.97 
969.457.241.04 
925,011,637.31 
967.231.773.75 
909.147.624.78 
964,435.686.79 
878.596,755.03 
938.132,409.38 
1,023.861.530.79 
1.046.449.185.25 
1.015,884,338.46 
1,027,574.697.28 
1.028,564.055.14 
1,027,257.0<*9.56 
1.090.14S.OU6.00 
989.219,621.85 
1.908.635.223.82 
10.024.281.355.28 

62.947.714 
63,844.000 
65.OSfi.000 
66.349.000 
67.632.000 
68.aS4.000 
70.254.000 
71.592.900 
72.947.000 
74.318.000 
75.994.575 
77.612.569 
79,230.563 
80.848.557 
82,466.551 
84.084.545 
85.702.539 
87.320.Jj33 
88.938.527 
90.556.521 
92.174.515 
93.792.509 
95.410.603 
97,337,000 
98.646.491 
100.264.485 
101.882.479 
03.500.473 

n5.ii8.4t™ 

814.22 
13.34 
12.93 
12.64 
13.30 
13.08 
13.60 
13.78 
14.08 
15.55 
14.58 
13.46 
12.24 
11.44 
11.73 
11.77 
11.25 
10.06 
10.55 
11.31 
11.35 
10.83 
10.77 
10.60 
10.41 
10.87 
9.71 
18.44 
113  9-' 

$0.47 
.37 
.35 
.35 

:2 

.49 
.48 
.47 
.54 

1 

.32 

:S 

.27 
.25 

!23 
.23 
.24 
.24 
.23 
.23 
.23 
.81 
4.44 

1891 

1892  . 

1893  ... 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897         

J898      

1899  

1901... 

1,415.620.26 
1.280,860.26 
1,205,01)0.26 
1.970.920.21? 
1.370.245.26 
1,128.135.26 
1.086.815.26 
4.130,015.26 
2,883.855.26 
2.124,895.26 
1.879.830.26 
1,760.450.26 
1.639.550.26 
1.552.5B0.26 
1,507.260.26 
1.473.10C.26 
4.232,230.26 
?0.242.550.26 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905.... 

1906.... 

1907..., 

1908 

1909 

1910  
1911     

1912  
1913  j.... 
1914 

1915  

1916  

1917.... 

!l8  1 

•Includes  certificates    issued   against   gold,    silver  and  currency  deposited  in  the  treasury. 


GREAT  MINING  DISASTERS  IN  RECENT  YEARS. 

In  which  100  or  more  lives  were  lost. 


Birmingham,  Ala..  May  5.  1910:  175  dead. 
Bolton.  England,  Dec.  21,   1910:  300  dead. 
Briceville,  Tenn..  Dec.  9.  1911:   100  dead. 
Butte.  Mont..  June  9,  1917:  156  dead. 
Cherry.  111..  Nov.  13.   1909:  289  dead. 
Cheswick.  Pa.,  Jan.  25,  1904;  182  dead. 
Coahuila,  Mex.,  Feb.  1,  1902:  102  dead. 
Coal  Creek.  Tenn.,  May  19.  1902:  227  dead. 
Courriere,  France.  March  10.  1906:  1.060  dead. 
Dawson.  N.  M..  Oct.  22.  1913:  261  dead. 
Eccles.  W.  Va.,  April  28,  1914:  181  dead. 
Ennis.  W.  Va..  Dec.  30.  1908:  100  dead. 
Finleyville,  Pa.,  April  23,  1912:   115  dead. 
Gerthe,   Germany,   Aug-.  8.    1912:   103  dead. 
Hamm.  Germany,  Nov.  12,  1908:  300  dead. 
Hanley,   England.  Jan.  12,   1918;   160  dead. 


Hanna.  Wyo..  June  30,  1903;  235  dead. 
Jacob's  Creek.  Pa.,  Dec.  19.   1907:  230  dead. 
Johnstown.  Pa.,  July   10,   1902:    113  dead. 
Khartsisk,  Russia,  June  18,  1905:  500  dead. 
La  Esperanza,  Mex..  Feb.  19.  1907;  123  dead. 
Littleton.  Ala.,  April  8,  1911:  128  dead. 
Marianna.  Pa..  Nov.  28.  1908:  154  dead. 
Monongah,  W.  Va.,  Dec.  6.  1907;  360  dead. 
Newcastle.  England,  Feb.  16,   1909;   100  dead. 
Seng-henydd.   Wales.  Oct.  14.   1913:   423  dead. 
Telluride.  Col.,  Nov.  20,   1901;   100  dead. 
Toyooka.  Japan.  July  20.  1907:  400  dead. 
Virginia  City.  Ala.,  Feb.  20.  1905;   160  dead. 
Watertown,  Wales,  July  11.  1905:  144  dead. 
Welongong,  Australia,  July  31,  1902;  120  dead. 
Whitehaven,  England.  May  12,  1910:  137  dead. 


466 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


DATES   OF   RECENT   HISTORICAL    EVENTS. 


Agruinaldo    captured.    March   23.    1901. 
Alaska  boundary  award  made.   Oct.  17.   1903. 
Albert  I.  ascended  throne  of  Belgium.  Dec.  17. 

1909. 
Alfonso  XIII.    ascended  throne   of   Spain,   May 

17,'   1902:     attempted    assassination    of.    in 

Paris.   June   1.    1906:    shot   at  by   anarchist 

in  Madrid.  April  13.  1913. 
Amundsen.    Roald.    completes    northwest 


sage.  1906:  reaches  south  pole.  Dec.  16.  1911. 
Anarchists.    Chicago,  hanged.   Nov.   11.    1887. 
Anarchists  pardoned  by  Altgeld,  June  26.  1893. 
Andree    began    arctic    balloon    trip,    July    11. 

1897. 
Anglo-American  arbitration  treaty  signed,  Jan. 

11.    1897. 
Anglo-Boer  war  began,   Oct.   10.   1899:   ended 

May  31.   1902. 

Anglo-Japanese  treaty   signed.   Jan  30,    1902. 
Arabic  sunk.  Aug.  19.  1915. 
Archbald,    Robert   W.,    judge  of  United   States 

Circuit    court,  impeached   and  removed   from 

office,  Jan.  13,   1913. 

Arizona  admitted  as  a  state.  Feb.  14.  1912. 
Armenian  massacres  began  in  1890;  culminat- 
ed in  1895.  1896  and  1897. 
Atlanta.    Ga.     (Cotton    States    and    Industrial) 

exposition.  Sept.   15  to  Dec.   31.   1895. 
Australian  commonwealth  inaugurated,  Jan.  1, 

1901. 
Austria  surrenders   to   allies.     Nov.    3,     1918: 

signs  peace  treaty,  Sept.  10,  1919. 
Balkan-Bulgarian   war  began.    May   23.    1913; 

ended.  Aug.  10,  1913. 
Balkan-Turkish    war    began    Oct.     8,     1912; 

ended.   May  30.    1913. 
Balloon  disaster,  Chicago.  July  21,  1919. 
Baltimore  fire.  Feb.  7.  1904. 
Battle   ship   cruise,   American.   Dec.   16.   1907. 

to  Feb.  22.   1909. 

Bennington  gunboat  disaster.  July  21,  1905. 
Bering  sea  seal  treaty  signed,  Nov.  8.  1897, 
Bismarck  resigned  chancellorship.  March  18. 

1890:  died  July  30.  1898. 

Borda.  President,  assassinated.  Aug.  25.   1897. 
Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  annexed  by  Austria, 

Oct.  6.  1908. 

Boxer  outbreak  in  China  began.  May,  1900. 
Boyertown  (Pa.)  theater  fire  and  panic,  Jan. 

13.   1908. 

Brazil  proclaimed  a  republic.  Nov.  15,  1889. 
Brest-Litovsk  peace  treaty  signed.  March  3. 

1918. 
Buffalo   (Pan-American)  exposition,  May  1  to 

Nov.  2.   1901. 
Bulgaria  proclaims  independence.  Oct.  5.  1908; 

surrender  to  allies.   Sept.  29,  1918. 
Cable.  Pacific,  laying  of,  begun  at  San  Fran- 
cisco. Dec.  14.  1902. 
California  Midwinter  exposition,  Jan.  1  to  July 

4.   1894. 

Calumet   (Mich.)   hall  panic,  Dec.  24.  1913. 
Campanile  in  Venice  fell.  July  14.  1902. 
Canadian    reciprocity    bill    passed    by    congress 

and  signed  by  President  Taft.  July  26.  1911: 

rejected  by  Canada.  Sept.  21. 
Carlos  I.,  king  of  Portugal,  assassinated.  Feb. 

I.  1908. 

Carnot.  President,  assassinated,  June  24.  1894. 
Cartago.  Costa  Rica,  destroyed  by  earthquake. 

May  5.  1910. 
Caroline   islands  bought  by  Germany,   Oct.   1, 

1899. 
Charles  I.  of  Austria-Hungary  abdicates,  Nov. 

II,  1918. 

Charleston.  S.  C.   (Interstate  and  West  Indian), 
exposition,  Dec.  1.  1901.  to  May  20,  1902. 
Chelsea   (Mass.)  fire.  April  12.  1908. 
Cherry   (111.)   mine  disaster.  Nov.  13.  1909. 
Chicago   race  riots.   July  27-Aug.  2,   1919. 
China,  revolution  begins  Sept.  7.  1911:  repub- 


lic  proclaimed     Dec.      29.      1911; 
dynasty  abdicates  Feb.  12.  1912. 


Manchu 


Cholera  epidemic  in  Hamburg.  Germany.  Aug- 
ust. 1892:  in  Russia  and  Italy,  summer  of 
1910. 

Christian  IX..  king  of  Denmark,  died  Jan.  29. 
1906. 

Christian  X.  proclaimed  king  of  Denmark.  May 
15.  1912. 

Coal  (anthracite)  strike  began.  May  12.  1902: 
ended.  Oct.  21,  1902. 

Constantine.  king  of  Greece,  deposed.  June  12 
1917. 

Constitution.  U.  S.  16th  amendment  to.  pro- 
claimed. Feb.  25,  1913:  17th  amendment  to. 
proclaimed.  May  31,  1913. 

Corinth  ship  canal  open.  Aug.  6,   1893. 

Corpus  Christi  (Tex.)  storm  and  tidal  wave. 
Sept.  14.  1919. 

Courriere  mine  disaster,  March  10.   1906. 

Crib  disaster.   Chicago.  Jan.   20.   1909. 

Cronin  murder.  May  4.  1889. 

Cuba  under  sovereignty  of  United  States  Jan. 
1.  1899. 

Cuban  constitution  signed.  Feb.  21.   1901. 

Cuban-United  States  reciprocity  treaty  ratified. 
March  19,  1903;  bill  to  carry  treaty  into 
effect  passed  by  congress,  Dec.  16.  1903. 

Cuban  republic  inaugurated.  May  20.  1902: 
President  Palma  and  cabinet  resigned  and 
American  control  established.  Sept.  29.  1906; 
Gen.  Jose  Miguel  Gomez  elected  president, 
Nov.  14,  1908:  American  control  relin- 
quished, Jan.  28.  1909. 

Cuban  revolt  began.  Feb.  24.   1895. 

Currency  law  enacted.  Dec.  23.  1913. 

Czolgosz,  McKinley's  assassin,  tried  and  sen- 
tenced. Sept.  24,  1901;  executed.  Oct.  29. 
1901. 

De  Lesseps,  Ferdinand,  convicted  of  Panama 
fraud.  Feb.  9.  1893. 

Delyannis,  Grecian  premier,  assassinated.  June 
13.  1905. 

Dewey's  victory  at  Manila.  May  1.  1898. 

Diaz.  Porfirio,  forced  by  revolutionists  to  re- 
sign presidency  of  Mexico.  May  25.  1911. 

Dingley  tariff  bill  signed.   July  24.   1897. 

Dom  Pedro  exiled  from  Brazil,  Nov.  16.  1889. 

Draft  for  American  national  army:  regisj~a- 
tion  day  June  6.  1917;  numbers  drawn  July 

20.  1917. 

Dreyfus,  Capt..  degraded  and  sent  to  Devil's 
island.  Jan.  4,  1895:  brought  back  to  France. 
July  3.  1899:  new  trial  begun.  Aug.  7:  found 
guilty,  Sept.  9:  pardoned.  Sept.  19.  1899:  re- 
stored to  rank  in  army.  July  12,  1906.  ly 
decision  of  Supreme  court  of  France:  deco- 
rated with  cross  of  Legion  of  Honor,  July 

21.  1906. 

Earthquake  in  India,  April  4.  1905:  in  Cala- 
bria, Italy,  Sept.  8,  1905,  and  Dec.  28,  1908. 
(See  also  San  Francisco,  Valparaiso.  Kings- 
ton, Messina  and  Cartago.) 

Eastland  steamship  disaster  in  Chicago.  July 
24.  1915. 

Edward  VII.  proclaimed  king.  Jan.  24.  1901: 
crowned.  Aug.  9.  1902:  died.  May  6.  1910. 

Elizabeth,  empress  of  Austria,  assassinated. 
Sept.  10.  1898. 

Empress  of  Ireland  sunk.  May  29.  1914. 

European  war  began,  Aug.  1,  1914;  armistice 
signed,  Nov.  11,  1918. 

Fallieres.  C.  A.,  elected  president  of  France, 
Jan.  17.  1906. 

Ferdinand  Archduke  Francis,  and  consort  as- 
sassinated in  Sarajevo,  Bosnia.  June  28.  1914. 

Ferrer.  Francisco,  executed  in  Spain.  Oct.  13. 
1909. 

Field.  Marshall,  died.  Jan.  16.  1906. 

Fisheries  (Atlantic)  dispute  settled  by  The 
Hague  court.  June  1.  1910. 

Floods  in  Ohio  and  Indiana.  March  25-27. 
1913. 

Formosa  transferred  to  Japan,  June  4.  1895. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


407 


Frederick  VIII.  succeeded  to  throne  of  Den- 
mark. Jan.  29.  1906:  died.  May  14.  1912. 

Galveston  tornado.  Sept.  8,  1900. 

General  Slocum  disaster,  June  15.  1904. 

George  I.,  king  of  Greece,  assassinated  in 
Saloniki.  Macedonia.  March  18.  1913. 

George  V.  succeeded  to  British  throne.  May  6, 
1910:  crowned.  June  22.  1911. 

Germany,  revolution  in.  Nov.  9,  1018:  new 
constitution  proclaimed.  Aug.  13.  1919: 
signs  peace  treaty.  June  28.  1919. 

Gladstone  resigned  premiership.  March  2. 1894 : 
died  May  19.  1898. 

Goebel.  Gov.  William,  shot.  Jan.  30,  1900:  died 
Feb.  2. 

Greco-Turkish  war  began.  April  16.  1897: 
ended,  May  11.  1897:  peace  treaty  signed, 
Sept.  18.  1897. 

Haiti.  President  Lecomte  and  400  persons 
killed  by  explosion  in  palace.  Aug.  8.  1912. 

Halifax  disaster.  Doc.  6.  1917. 

Harriman,  E.  H.  died.   Sept.  9,   1909. 

Harrison.  Benjamin,  died.  March  13.  1901. 

Harrison.  Carter.  Sr.,  assassinated,  Oct.  28, 
1893. 

Hawaii  made  a  republic,  July  4,  1894:  an- 
nexed to  United  States.  Aug".  12,  1896:  made 
a  territory.  June  14.  1900. 

Haymarket  riot.  Chicago.  May  4.   1886. 

Hay-Pauncefote  isthmian  canal  treaty  signed. 
Nov.  18.  1901. 

Homestead    (Pa.)    labor  riot.  July  6.    1892. 

Humbert.  King,  assassinated.  July  29.  1900. 

Idaho  admitted  as  a  stato,  July  3.   1890. 

Income  tax  amendment  to  constitution  of  the 
United  States  proclaimed.  Feb.  25.  1913. 

Irish  land  purchase  law  in  force.  Nov.  1,  1903. 

Iroquois  theater  fire,  Dec.  30.  1903:  lives  lost. 
575. 

Italian  army  routed  in  Abyssinia,  March  1, 
1896. 

Italian  prisoners  lynched  in  New  Orleans. 
March  14,  1891. 

Italy  declares  war  on  Turkey  over  Tripoli  dis- 
pute. Sept.  29,  1911:  formally  annexes  Trip- 
oli. Feb.  23.  1912:  war  ended.  Oct.  18. 
1912. 

Ito.   Prince,    assassinated.   Oct.   26,    1909. 

Jameson  raiders  in  Transvaal  routed,  Jan.  2, 
1896. 

Jamestown  (Va.)  tercentennial  exposition. 
April  26  to  Nov.  30.  1907. 

Japan,  battle  of  Sea  of.  May  27-28,  1905. 

Japan  declared  war  on  China,  Aug.  1.  1894; 
war  ended.  April  17.  1895. 

Japan-Russia  war  began,  Feb.  7,  1904;  ended 
Sept.  5.  1905. 

Jerusalem  captured  by  British,  Dec.  11,  1917. 

Johnstown  flood.  May  31.  1889. 

Jutland  naval  battle.  May  31-June  1.  1916. 

Ketteler.  Baron  von.  killed  in  Peking,  June  30. 
1900. 

Kingston  (Jamaica)  earthquake  and  fire.  Jan. 
14.  1907. 

Kishinev  massacre,  April  20.  1903. 

Kitchener.  Lord,  drowned  June  5,   1916. 

Koch's  lymph  cure  announced.  iNov.  17.  1890. 

Kongo  Free  State  annexed  by  Belgium.  Aug. 
20.  1908. 

Korea  annexed  by  Japan.  Aug.  29.  1910. 

Kossuth.   Louis,    died.    March   20.    1894. 

Labor  department  (U.  S.)  created  March  4, 
1913. 

Lawton.  Gen.  H.  W..  killed.  Dec.  19.  1899. 

Leiter  wheat  deal  collapsed.  June  13.   1898. 

Leopold  n.,  king  of  Belgium,  died.  Dec.  17, 
1909. 

Liliuokalani,  queen  of  Hawaii,  deposed.  Jan. 
16.  1893:  died  Nov.  11.  1917. 

Louisville  tornado.   March   27.    1890. 
Luiz   Philippe,    crown   prince  of   Portugal,    as- 
sassinated. Feb.  1.  1908. 
Lusitania  sunk.  May  7.   1915. 
Madagascar  annexed  to  France,  Jan.  23,  1896 


Maine    blown    UP.    Feb.    15.    1898:    raised    In 

1911-1912    and    sunk    in    the    open    sea    off 

Havana.  March  16,   1912. 
Manuel  II.,  king  of  Portugal,  deposed.  Oct.  3-4. 

1910. 
Marconi  signals  letter  '  "S"  across  Atlantic.  Dec. 

11.   1901. 
Messina    destroyed    by    earthquake,    Dec.    28, 

1908. 
Mexican    revolution.    Nov.    18.    1910.    to   May 

25.    1911:    President   Diaz    forced   to   resign. 

May    25.    1911. 
Mexican-American    crisis:     Americans     occupy 

Vera   Cruz.   April   21.    1914:   eighteen   Amer- 

ic&as  killed  by  Villa  bandits.  Jan.  10,  1916; 

Villa  raids  Columbus,  N.  M..  and  kills  seyen- 
•  teen      persons,      March     9.    1916.     American 

troops  invade  Mexico  from  north;   President 

Wilson    calls    out    national    guard.    June    18. 

1916. 
Meyerbeer  centenary  celebrated  in  Berlin,  Sept. 

5.  1891. 

Morocco  conference  began.   Jan.  16.   1906. 
Mukden,  battle  of.  Feb.  24-March  12.  1905. 
McKinley.  President,  shot  by  anarchist  Sept.  6. 

1901;  died.  Sept.  14.  1901. 
Nansen   arctic   expedition     started.     July      21. 

1893:  returned  Aug.  13.  1896. 
Nashville.    Tenn.    (Tennessee    Centennial),    ex- 
position. May  1  to  Oct.  31.  1897. 
New  Mexico  admitted  as  a  state.  Jan.  6.  1912. 
Nicholas  II.   proclaimed  czar  of   Russia.   Nov. 

2.  1894;  crowned,  May  26.  1896:  attempted 

assassination    of,    Jan.    19.    190o:    deposed. 

March    15,    1917:    put    to    death.    July    16. 

1918. 

Norge  disaster.  June  28.   1904. 
North  Collinwood    (O.)   school  disaster,  March 

4.  1908. 
North  pole  reached  by  Commander  Robert  E. 

Peary,   April  6.   1909. 
North  sea  naval  battle    (see  Jutland). 
Norway  dissolved  union  with  Sweden,   June  7 

1905. 
Oklahoma    and    Indian    Territory    admitted    to 

union  as  state  of  Oklahoma,  Nov.  16,   1907. 
Omaha  race  riots.  Sept.  28,   1919. 
Omaha  tornado.  March  23.   1913. 
Omaha.    Neb.     (Trans-Mississippi),    exposition. 

June  1    to  Nov.   1,    1898. 
Omdurman,  battle  of,   Sept.  4.   1898. 
Oscar  II.,  king  of  Sweden,  died,  Dec,  8,  1907. 
Otto,  insane  king-  of  Bavaria,  deposed  Nov.  6. 

1913;  died.  Oct.  11,  1916. 
Panama  canal  property  bought  by  the  United 

States,  Feb.  16,   1903. 
Panama    fraud    trials    in    Paris,    Jan.    10    to 

March  21,    1893. 

Panama  revolution,  Nov.  3,  1903. 
Pan-American    congress,    first,    began,    Oct.    2, 

1889;  second.  Oct.  23,  1902. 
Parcel  post  established  in  United  States,   Jan. 

Paris1expbsition,  1878.  1889,  1900. 

Paris  flood.  Jan.  20-Feb.  1,  1910. 

Peate  conference  called  by  czar,  Aug.  24. 
1898:  opened  at  The  Hague,  May  18,  1899: 
closed,  July  29.  1899:  second  peace  con- 
ference, June  15-Oct.  18.  1907. 

Peace  conference  in  Paris  and  Versailles. 
France,  began  Jan.  18,  1919;  German  peace 
treaty  signed  June  28.  1919:  Austrian  peace 
treaty  signed.  Sent.  10.  1919. 

Peace   palace    at    The    Hague   dedicated,    Aug. 

Peking  captured  by  the  allies.  Aug.  15.  1900. 

Petrograd  riots,    Jan.   22,    1905. 

Philippine- American  war  began,  Feb.  4,   1899; 

ended    April    30.    1902. 
Philippines   ceded   to   the   United   States.   Dec. 

10     1 fiOH 

Pope  Benedict  XV.  elected,  Sept.  3.   1914. 
Pope  Leo   XIII.  died.  July  20,   1903. 
Pope    Pius    X.,    elected,    Aug.   4,    1903:    died 

Aug.  20,  1914. 


468 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


Portland,   Ore.    (Lewis   and  Clark),    exposition, 

June    1   to   Oct.   14,    1905. 

Port    Arthur    captured    by    the    Japanese    from 
the  Chinese,   Nov.  21,   1894;  from  Russians, 
Jan.    1,   }905. 
Porto    Rico    ceded    to    the    United    States,    Dec. 

10,    1898. 

Porto   Rico  hurricane,   Aug.    8,   1899. 
Portugal,  King-  Carlos,   and  Crown  Princ-  Luiz 
assassinated,    Feb.    1.    1908;    Manuel    II.    de- 
posed and  republic  declared,  Oct.  3-4,   1910. 
Postage  between  United  States  and  Britain  re- 
duced to  2  ccnts,  Oct.  1,  1908. 
Postal  banks  established  in  United  States,  Jan. 

3,  1911. 
Preparedness  campaign  in  United  States,  1915- 

1916. 

Pretoria  captured  by  British,  June  4,  1900. 
Prohibition   amendment   to   United  States  con- 
stitution   proclaimed    Jan.    29,    1919. 
Pullman  strike  began.  May  11.   1894;  bovcott 
l>egan,  June  26;   rioting  in  Chicag-o   and  vi- 
cinity,   June    and    July;    strike    and    boycott 
enaed   Aug-ust. 

Race  riots.  Chicago.  July  27-Aug-.  2,  1919; 
Omaha.  Sept.  28,  1919;  Washington,  D.  C., 
July  19-22,  1919. 

Reciprocity    (with  Canada)   bill  passed  by  con- 
gress and  signed  by  President  Taft.  July  26, 
1911;    rejected   by   Canada.    Sept.    21,    1911. 
Rhodes.   Cecil,   died,  March  26,   1903. 
Roentgen   ray  discovery   made  public,   Feb.   1, 

1896. 

Roosevelt,  Theodore,  became  president  of  the 
United  States  on  death  of  McKinley.  Sept. 
•14,  1901;  elected  to  same  office,  Nov.  8. 
1904;  attempted  assassination  of,  Oct.  14, 
1912;  died  Jan.  6,  1919. 
Russia- Japan  war  began,  Feb.  7,  1904;  ended 

Sent.   5,    1905. 
Russian  revolution  overthrows  czarism,  March 

12,   1917. 

Sakurajima,   eruption  of,   Jan.    11-13,   1914. 
Salem    (Mass.)    fire,    June  25,    1914. 
Salisbury.    Premier,    resigned,    July    13,    1902: 

died,   Aug-.  22,   1903. 
St.    Louis   clubhouse    (Missouri  Athletic)    fire. 

March   9,    1914;   lives  lost,    thirty. 
St.   Louis   cyclone.   May  27,    1896. 
St.     Louis     (Louisiana    Purchase)     exposition, 

April  30  to  Dec.  1.  1904. 

St.  Pierre,  Martinique,  destroyed.  May  8,  1902. 
San  Francisco  earthquake   and  fire,  April    18- 

20,   1906. 
San   Juan   and   El   Caney,    battles  of,   July   1, 

1898. 
Santiago    de   Cuba,    naval    battle    of,    July   3, 

1898. 

Santiago  de  Cuba  surrendered,  July  17,   1898. 
Schley  inquiry  ordered,  July  26,   1901;  berrcn, 
Sept.  20;  ended,  Nov.  7;  verdict   announced. 
Dec.  13. 

Schurz,  Carl,   died.  May  14,  1906. 
Scott,    Robert    F.,    explorer,    perished    in    bliz- 
zard   after   reaching    south   pole,    March   29. 
1913.  • 

Seattle.     Wash.     (Alaska-Yukon),     exposition, 

June  1  to  Oct.   16,   1909. 
Senators,     U.     S..     direct    election    amendment 

proclaimed.  May  31,   1913. 
Sersrius.    Grand    Duke,    assassinated,    Feb.    17, 

1905. 
Serbia,   king-  and  queen  of,   assassinated,  June 

11.    1903. 

Shah  of  Persia  assassinated,  M-ay  1.  1896. 
Simplon  tunnel   completed,   Feb.   25,    1905. 
Skager-Rak   naval  battle    (see   Jutland). 
Somme,  battle  of,  began  July  1.   1916. 
South  pole  reached  by  Capt.  Roald  Amundsen, 


Dec.    1(5,    1911;    reached  by  Capt.   Robert    F. 

Scott.  Jan.   17,   1912. 
Spanish-American   war  began,   April   25,    1898; 

peace  protocol   signed,  Aug.  12,   1898;   Paris 

peace    treaty    signed,    Dec.    12;    peace    treaty 

ratified,   Feb.   6,   1899. 
Springfield     (111.)     riots    and    lynchings,    Aug. 

Standard  Oil  decision  by  United  States  Su- 
preme court.  May  15,  1911. 

Stolypin,  premier  of  Russia,  shot  by  assassin, 
Sept.  14.  1911;  died  Sept.  18. 

Stone.    Ellen  M.,    captured   by   brigands,    Sept. 

3,    1901;   released.   Feb.  23.   1902. 
,  Suffrage    (see  Woman  Suffrage.) 

Sulzer,  William,  governor  of  New  York  im- 
peached and  removed  from  office,  Oct.  17, 
1913. 

Sussex  sunk,  March  24,  1916. 

Taft,  William  H.,  elected  president  of  the 
United  States.  Nov.  3,  1908. 

Tariff  ( Payne- Aldrich )  act  approved.  Aug.  5, 
1909;  (Underwood-Simmons)  act  approved, 
Oct.  3,  1913. 

Titanic  steamship  sunk,  April  15,  1912. 

Tobacco  trust  decision.  May  29,   1011. 

Transvaal  republic  annexed  to  Great  Britain. 
Sopt.  1,  1900. 

Turkey,  sultan  of,  proclaimed  constitution, 
July  24,  1908:  Sultan  Abdul  Hamid  deposed, 
April  27,  1909. 

Turkey,  war  with  Italy  over  Tripoli  began, 
Sept.  29,  1911;  ended,  Oct.  18,  1912. 

Turkey,  war  with  Balkan  states  began,  Oct. 
8.  1912;  Nazim  Pasha  assassinated,  Jr-n.  23, 
1913:  surrenders  to  allies  Oct.  30,  1919. 

Union  of  South  Africa  proclaimed.  May  31, 
1910. 

United    States    entered    European    war,    April 

6,  1917. 

Utah  admitted  as  a  state,   Feb.  4,   1896. 
Valparaiso    earthquake,    Aug.    16,    1906. 
Venezuelan    blockade    by    England,     Germany 

and   Italy   began   in   first  part    of  December, 

1902;   ended,  Feb.    13.    1903. 
Verdun,    battle    of,    began,    Feb.    22,    1916. 
Vesuvius,  great  eruntion  of,  April  1-10,  1906. 
Victor  Emmanuel  III.,  king  of  Italy,  crowned, 

Aug-.     11,     1902;     attempt     to     assassinate, 

March   14,   1912 
Victoria,    queen    of    England,    died,    Jan.    22, 

1901. 
Victory  parade  in  London,   England,    July   19, 

1919. 
Victory    parade    in    Paris,    France,    July    14. 

1919. 

Volturno   disaster,    Oct.    9,    1913. 
War,    great    European,    besran.    Aug.    1.    1914; 

United   States  entered,  April  6,   1917;   armi- 
stice signed,  Nov.  11,   1918. 
Washing-ton,  D.  C.,  race  riots,  July  19-22,  1919. 
Wilhelmina  proclaimed  queen  of  Holland,  Aug. 

31.  1898. 

William  II.,  emperor  of  Germany,  flees  to  Hol- 
land Nov.  10,  1919;  abdicates  Nov.  28. 

1919. 
Wilson,     Woodrow,    elected    president    of    the 

United  States,  Nov.  5,  1912;  re-elected,  Nov. 

7,  1916. 

Windsor  hotel,   New  York,  burned,  March   17, 

1899. 
Woman    suffrage    amendment    to    constitution 

approved  by  congress  and   submitted   to  the 

states   for  ratification   June  4,    1919. 
World's  Fair  in  Chicago  opened.  May  1,  1893; 

ended.   Oct.    30,    1893. 
World    war    (see   European   war). 
Wyoming-  admitted  to  statehood.  July  10.  1890. 
Yalu,    battle   of,    Sept.    17,    1894. 


President — Samuel   Gompers. 
Secretary — Frank  Morrison. 
Treasurer — Daniel  J.  Tobin. 


AMERICAN  FEDERATION  OF  LABOR. 


I  Headquarters— 801-809   G   street  CT.  W.,   Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


GENERAL   EVENTS   OF    1919. 


FIRE  LOSSES  AND  CASUALTIES. 
Cedar    Rapids,    Iowa.    May    22—  Explosion   and 
fire  in  Douglas   starch   works   cause   loss  of 
forty  lives  and  $3.000,000  damage.      _ 
Chicag-o     Feb.    25  —  Building:    at     323-25     West 
Lake  street  burned:   loss,   §200,000. 
March  2—  Fire  in  Morris  &  Co.    packing1  plant 

causes  loss  of   one  life  and  property  dam- 

age of  8500.000. 
March   22—  Western  Electric  company  store- 

house burned;  loss,  $300,000.     • 
April      7—  Independent      Packing1      company's 

plant  damaged  by  fire:  loss.  $100.000. 
April  7—  Barker's  bakery.  1018  E.  63d  street. 

burned:    loss,    $100.000. 
July    23—  Sixteen    frame    houses     burned     in 

South  Chicago:  one  fireman  killed  and  five 

injured:    loss,    $200,000. 
Aug    2—  One  hundred  houses  destroyed  near 

stockyards  by   incendiary   fires:    2.000   per- 

sons  made  homeless;   loss.   $350000. 
Aug    9—  Fire  in  roofing  plant  of  the  F.  Beck- 

er Co.  causes  loss  of  $150,000. 
Oct.  3-One  fireman  killed  and  $100.000  dam- 

ages caused  by  fire  in  Heisen  building.  347 

Union  Park  place. 
Columbus    O.,  May  5—  Nine  rersons  killed  and 

rS.-  of    StandanJ 

Guano  Co    damaged  by  fire:  loss.  $1.500.000. 
Detroit,    Mich..    Aug.    1—  Wadsworth    Manufac- 
turing company's  plant  burned,  causing  loss 

East  ^Chicago.    Ind.,    Sept.   4—  Part   of    General 
American    Tank    corporation    plant    burned. 


Aug.    19-Thirty  houses 

burned-   loss.   $200.000. 
Liverpool.  England,  June  16—  Dock  warehouses 

burned,    causing  $5,000.000   loss 
Long  Island  City.  N.  Y..  Sept.  13-?ire  causes 

$5,000.000  damage  to  Standard  Oil  company 

OtUwa.   HI.,    Feb.   7-Klapper  &  Klapper  de- 

partment   store   burned:    loss.    $100,000. 
Peoria.  111..  Jan.  1—  American  Milling  company 

plant  damaged  by   fire:    loss.    $600  000. 
Petersville,    Ky..    July    5—  Five    children    lose 

their  lives  in  farmhouse  fire. 
Philadelphia.  Pa..  July  12—  Five  firemen  killed 

and   'thirty-one    injured   by    falling-   walls    at 

warehouse  fire.  ,        , 

Pittsburgh,  Pa..  Jan.  7—  Ten  persons  killed  and 

a  score  hurt  in  film  exchange  building;  prop- 

erty loss.  $1.000.000. 
Platteville.    Wis.,    Feb.    8—  Gasoline    explosion 

causes   ten  deaths     and    $200,000     loss     to 

Put^Bay'.  O..  Aug1.  14—  Hotel  Victory  burned: 
St.°Jovile.  Que..  'Feb.  20—  Eight  persons  perish 

Savannah!  ?a.'.  Feb.  14—  Southern  Fertilizer 
and  Chemical  company's  plant  burned;  loss. 

SR°  OOO  OOO 

Sioux  City,  '  Iowa,  Jan.  19—  Business  block 
burned:  loss.  $1.000.000.  • 

Watertown  N.  Y..  July  10—  Taggart  block 
burned:  loss.  $450,000. 

Yokohama,  Japan.  April  28—  Two  thousand 
houses  burned:  two  persons  killed  and  thirty 
injured:  property  loss.  $7,470,000. 

MARINE  DISASTERS. 
Castalia.  American  steamer,   wrecked  off  Sable 

island,   Jan.   11—  Five  lives  lost.     . 
Chaproi.   French  liner,   sunk  by  striking-  mine 

in  Straits  of  Messina.  Jan.  16—  Five  hundred 

CittaSdi°SMilano.    Italian    steamship,    sunk    off 

Sicily.   June   1  7—  Twenty-three  lives  lost 
City  of  Muskegon.  lake  steamer,  sunk  m  Mus- 


kegon.    (Mich.)    channel  Oct.   28—  Twenty  -one 

lives  lost. 
Clan    Gordon,    British    steamer,    lost    off    Cape 

Hatteras.  July  29—  Three  lives  lost. 
Corydon.    American    steamer,    lost    in    Bahama 

channel,   Sept.  9  —  Twenty-seven  lives  lost. 
Delta,   schooner,  wrecked  at  Macatawa,  Mich.. 

Aug.  21—  No  lives  lost. 
Endurance,   British  exploring  steamer,  wrecked 

off   Yarmouth,    England.   Jan.   30—  Ten  lives 

lost. 
Farnam.  American  steamer,   sunk  by  mine  off 

Swedish  coast.   June  23  —  No  lives  lost. 
Gallia,    Canadian    schooner,    sunk    in    collision 

near  St.  Pierre.  Aug.  6—  Twenty  lives  lost. 
Helene.    French    bark,    wrecked    off    coast    o' 

Virginia.   Feb.   22.  in  collision—  Sixteen  lives 

lost. 
Hughli,  British  naval  tug-,  sinks  off  Nieuport, 

Belgium.  April  28  —  Twenty-two  lives  lost. 
lolaire,  British  steam  yacht,  wrecked  off  Stern- 

oway,   Scotland,  ,  Jan.   1  —  270  lives  lost. 
Lake  Placid.  American  steamer,  sunk  by  mine, 

near  Swedish  coast.  May  19—  No  lives  lost. 
Lord  Buffering  Canadian  freight  ship,   sunk  in 

collision  in  New  York  harbor,  Feb.  28  —  One 

life  lost. 
Melville.  U.  S.  S.  vessel  at  sea.  July  26—  Five 

men  killed  by  boiler  explosion. 
Piave.    American    steamer,    wrecked    off    Deal. 

England.    Jan.   30—  No   lives   lost. 
Richard   H.   Buckley,    American   mine   sweeper. 

sunk  by  mine  in  North,  sea.  July  12  —  Seven 

lives   lost. 
Shijiki    Maru,    Japanese    transport,    foundered 

Aug  15.   off  Sanegashima—  110  lives  lost. 
supply 

sunk  at  Hoboken   (N.  J.)  pier.  Feb.  23  —  Pwo 


g 
ola. 


Sixaola.    American    supply    ship,     burned      and 


lives    lost;    property   loss,    $3.000.000. 
Valbanera.  Spanish  steamer,  lost  in  hurricane, 

off  Key  West,  Fla..  Sept.  10—488  lives  lost. 
Yankee.  U.  S.  steamship,  sunk  in  collision  off 

Fire  island.   N.  Y..  June  12—  No  lives  lost. 
Yselhaven,   U.    S.   transport,    sunk  by   mine   in 

North  sea.  March  14—  Nine  lives  lost. 

STORMS  AND  FLOODS. 
Argentina,  S.  A..  July  10-14—  One  million  sheep 

and     100.000    cattle    drowned    in    flood    in 

Buenos   Aires   province. 
Chile.     S.   A..     July     11-12—  Hurricane     sweeps 

coast:   eighty-seven  lives  lost;  property  loss. 

$200.000,000. 
Corpus  Christi.   Tex..   Sept.  14—500  lives  lost 

and  $25.000,000  worth  of  property  destroyed 

by  storm  and  tidal  wave. 
Durant,   Okla.,   April   8  —  Eleven  persons  killed 

by  storm. 
Eufaula,  Ala.,  March  4—  Tornado  causes  four 

deaths  and  property  loss  of  $1.000.000. 
Fergus    Falls,    Minn..    June    22—  Sixty    persons 

killed  and  150  injured  by  tornado;  property 

loss.  $4.000,000. 
Florida.    Sept.    10—  Southern    coast    visited   by 

severe  hurricane:  property  loss  heavy. 
Fu  Chow,  China,   Sept.   8—  Typhoon  on  south- 

eastern coast  of  island  of  Amoy  kills  3,000 

persons. 
Havana.   Cuba,  Sept.  9-<)ity  hit  by  hurricane 

and  tidal  wave:   five  lives  lost. 
Hoisington.    Kas..    Oct.    8—  Tornado    kills    two 

persons    and    injures    twenty-five;      property 

loss,   $200.000. 
Key  West.  Fla.,  Sept.  10—  City  badly  damaged 

by  hurricane:   loss,  $2.000.000. 
Melbourne.  Australia,   March  8  —  Much  damage 

done  by  heavy  rainstorm  in  city  and  country. 
Mineola,    Tex.,    April    8—  Eleven    lives   lost    in 

storm. 
Newsome.   Tex..   April    8  —  Six    lives     lost     in 

storm. 
Ogden.   Ark..   April  8—  Five  persons  killed   in 

storm, 


4TO 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Ohio.  Aug.  5 — Storm  sweeps  through  northern 

part   of   state:    loss.   $2,000.000. 
Oklahoma    and    Texas.    April    8— One    hundred 

persons  killed  by  tornadoes. 
Omaha.  Neb..  April  6— Sixty  houses  demolished 

by  storm;  loss.  $250.000. 
Texas    and    Oklahoma,    April    8— One    hundred 

lives  lost  in  storms. 
Tundra.  Tex..  April  8— Eight  persons  killed  by 

tornado. 

Winsboro.    Tex.,    April    8— Fourteen   lives   lost 
.      in  storm.  

RAILROAD  WRECKS. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  line  in  Pittsburgh.  Pa..  Feb. 
22— Nine  persons  killed  and  seventy-five  in- 
jured in  collision. 

Buffalo-Lake  Erie  traction  line.  Oct.  4— Five 
persons  killed  and  thirteen  injured  in  col- 
lision between  Dunkirk  and  Fredonia. 

New  York  Central  line  at  Dunkirk.  N.  Y.. 
July  I—Nine  persons  killed  and  twenty  seri- 
ously injured. 

New  York  Central  line  at  South  Byron.  N.  Y.. 
Jan.  12 — Twenty-one  persons  killed  in  col- 
lision. 

Pere  Marquette  line  at  Grawn.  Mich..  AUK.  20 
—Six  persons  killed  and  eighteen  injured  in 
collision. 

Philadelphia  &  Reading  road  at  Fort  Wash- 
ington station.  Pa..  Jan.  13 — Nine  persons 
killed  and  twenty  injured  in  collision. 

MINE  DISASTERS. 
Aguilar.   Col..   March   31— Thirteen   men  killed 

by  explosion  in  coal  mine. 
Birmingham.    Ala..    April    29— Seventeen    men 

killed   by    gas    explosion    in    a    mine   of    the 

Majestic  Coal  Mining-  company. 
Chelsea.  Okla.  April  29— Ten  persons  killed  by 

coal  .oil  explosion  in  farmhouse  near  the  city. 
Kimball.   W.   Va.,   July   18— Six  men  killed  by 

g-as    explosion    in    Tazewell    Creek    company 

coal  mine. 
La   Veta.  Col..   Aug.  18— Eighteen  men  killed 


by    explosion    in    Oakview    Coal    company  s 
mine. 

Wilkes-Barre.  Pa..  June  5 — Eighty-three  men 
killed  and  fifty  hurt  in  Delaware  &  Hudson 
Coal  company's  mine  by  powder  explosion. 

TRAIN-AUTOMOBILE  COLLISIONS. 

Del  Roy.  111..  July  4— Five  persons  killed  when 
train  hits  automobile. 

Donnellsville.  O..  Oct.  5— Family  of  five  killed 
in  collision  between  automobile  and  inter- 
urban  car. 

Hastings,  Neb..  Oct.  25— Five  persons  killed 
and  two  injured  by  train  smiung  taxicab. 

Lawton.  Mich..  Aug.  10 — Five  persons  in  auto- 
mobile killed  on  railroad  crossing:. 

Milwaukee.  Wis..  July  20— Family  of  six  killed 
in  collision  between  automobile  and  train. 

West  Springfield,  Pa..  Aug.  16— Family  of 
eight  killed  by  train  striking  automobile. 

Wpodbury.  N.  J.,  Nov.  1 — Eleven  persons  killed 
in  collision  of  train  and  truck. 

MISCELLANEOUS  ACCIDENTS. 

Baltimore.  Md..  July  1— Navy  dirigible  C-8  ex- 
plodes, injuring1  seventy- five  persons. 

Boston.  Mass..  Jan.  15— Nine  persons  killed 
and  fifty  injured  by  explosion  of  molasses 
tank. 

East  Otis.  Mass..  July  25— Eleven  boys 
drowned  by  upsetting  of  boat  in  Big  pond. 

Kingsbury,  Ind..  April  18— Six  children  killed 
by  train  at  John  Hewsman  crossing-. 

Milwaukee.  Wis..  June  5— Sixty-five  persons  in- 
jured by  street  car's  jumping-  the  track  on 
hill  and  overturning. 

Montreal.  Que..  Aug.  10— Seven  persons  killed 
in  scenic  railway  disaster  at  amusement  park. 

Parmanco,  W.  Va..  Aug.  14— Collision  between 
engine  and  trolley  car  results  in  death  of 
eight  and  injury  of  twenty  persons. 

Port  Colborne.  Ont..  Aug.  9— Eight  persons 
killed  by  explosion  in  grain  elevator. 

Tuscaloosa.  Ala..  June  15 — Nineteen  persons 
drowned  by  upsetting  of  launch. 


DEATH   BOLL   OF 

From  Dec.   1,   1918 
UNITED  STATES. 
Abbott.   Bessie    (Mrs.  F.  Waldo   Story),  opera 

singer,  in  New  York.  N.  Y.,  Feb.  9. 
Abbott.   Richard  H.    (1870),  colonel.  I.  N.  G.. 

in  Springfield.  111..  May  3. 
Abeles.  Edward  S.  (1870),  actor,  in  New  York. 

N.  Y..  July  10. 
Adams,    Oscar   Fay.    author,    at   North   Truro. 

Mass..  April  30. 
Addicks.  J.  Edward   (1841).  financier,  in  New 

York.  N.  Y.,  Aug.  7. 
Alden.    Henry    Mills    (1836),    editor,    in    New 

York.   N.  Y..  Oct.  7. 
Alexander.     James    L.     (1835).     Standard    Oil 

company  official,  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J..  Feb.  18. 
Anderson.  H.  Aug.  (1839).  actor,  in  Westville. 

N.  J..  March  20. 

Aronson.    Rudolf    (1856).    composer,    in    New 
'    York.   N.  Y..  Feb.  5. 
Ashley.   Miss  Jessie,   suffragist   and  lawyer,   in 

New  York.  N.  Y..  Jan.  20. 
Aspinwall.     Homer    F.     (1846),    former    state 

senator,  in  Freeport,  111..  Feb.  23. 
Avery,  Mrs.  R.  F.,  suffragist,  in  Doyleston,  Pa.. 

Oct.  26. 
Ayres.    Brown    (1857),  educator,  in  Knoxville, 

Tenn..  Jan.  28. 
Bacon.  Robert   (1860),  diplomat,  in  New  York, 

N.  Y..   May   29. 
Barr.  Amelia  E.   (1831).  author,  in  New  York. 

N.  Y..   March   10. 
Barrett.    Nathan    Franklin     C1846),    landscape 

architect,  in  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y..  Oct.  17. 
Bashford.    James    W.    (1849),    bishop,    in    Los 

Angeles.  Cal..  March  18. 


THE   YEAR    1919. 

to  Nov.   10.   1919. 
Bates.   John   C.    (1840),   lieutenant-general,   U. 

S.  A.,  retired,  in  San  Diego.  Cal.,  Feb.  4. 
Battle.    Klempp   P.    (1822).    educator,   in   Ra- 
leigh, N.  C..  Feb.  4. 
Baum.    L.   Frank  Wright    (1856).    author  and 

playwright,  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal..  May  6. 
Baume.  James  S.   (1857),  judge,  in  Rockford. 

111..  July  20. 
Bell,  James  D.    (1845).   G.  A.  R.  commander. 

in  Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  Nov.  1. 
Bell.  J.  Franklin    (1856).  major-general.  U.  S. 

A.,  in  New  York.  N.  Y..  Jan.  8. 
Belmont.  August  (1853),  banker,  in  New  York, 

N.  Y..  March  29. 
Blakelock.  Ralph  (1847),  artist,  in  the  Adiron- 

dacks.  N.  Y..  Aug.  10. 

Blakey.  Leonard,  educator,  in  Chicago,  Oct.  4. 
Bliss.  Howard  F.    (1844).  publisher,  in  Janes- 

ville.   Wis..   July   24. 
Blossom.    Henry    (1866).    playwright,    in    New 

York.   N.  Y..  March   23. 
Bond.    Henry    W.    (1848).    jurist,    in   Jefferson 

City.    Mo..    Sept.   28. 
Borland.    William   P.    (1867),   congressman,   in 

France.  Feb.  22. 
Bourne.  Frederick  G..  financier  and  yachtsman 

at  Oakdale.  L.  I..  March  9. 
Braley.  Theodore  O.,  editor,  in  Chicago.  March 

16. 
Braham,   John,   J.,   composer,   in  Brooklyn    N. 

Y,.  Oct.  28. 
Burnett.     John    L.     (1854),     congressman,    in 

Gadsden.    Ala..   May    13. 
Burt.     Wellington    R.     (1831).    capitalist    and 

pioneer,   in   Saginaw,    Mich.,   March   2. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


471 


Cadv,,  ,.   C.eve,and    |18ST>.  architect,    in  New 


E.    (1836) 


lawyer   ** 
in  La- 

..    in   HubbanJ    Woods. 


Cobb.'  Darius   (1835)     artist,  in  Newton  Upper 
(manufacture,  in 


CuNdahYy:   Paatrick'17(1849).   packer,   in  Milwau- 

kee. Wis..  July  25. 
Dady.    Robert    (1840).   land    owner,    in   Wau- 

:  France!  fiftM*.  financier,  in  Ham- 
Wmiamllys"(1854)     former  chief   of 
police,  at  Far  Rockaway,  N.  Y..  June  20. 
Doble.    Budd.   turfman,   in   Los   Angeles.    Cal.. 

oSldNo-wnsend.  colonel.  U.  S.  A.,  near  Phila- 

nSlP^E*   (1837).   financier  and  at- 

torney.  in  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  July  3. 
Duke.  Brodie  L.    (1849).  tobacco  magnate,  in 

educator,  in  At- 


e     N. 

El  WnY  ^eorge  W     (1858),  financier  and  ;  .a- 

lanthropist.  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  23. 
Estopinal.  Albert   (1845).  congressman,  in  New 
FieTdeaRosweaii  MPn(llli),   author,   in  Morris- 
n'  (1867),   bishop,   in  Philip- 


or.     treasury     official,     in 

Washington,  D.  C.,  March  25. 
Foster.  Martin  D.  (1861).  former  congressman. 
Fo£.°John.  Jr.    (1865).  author,  at  Biff  Stone 
?'  CharleSl5L8'(1856).    capitalist,    in    De- 


>.   bishop,   in  Boise, 

Idaho.  Dec.  2,  1918. 
Gardiner.  Asa  Bird    (1839).  lieutenant-colonel, 

U    S    A.,  retired,  in  Suffern.  N.  Y..  May  28. 
Garrigan    P.  J.    (1810),  bishop,  in  Sioux  City. 

Gaspaard°Jtule194*(1862).    artist,   in  New  York. 
Gin!  HfwSffc.  (1«8«>,  former  mayor,  in  Seat- 

Goodwin3  'WhTrnel^  C.    (1857).    comedian,    in 
New  York.   N.  Y..  Jan.  31. 


Green.  Warren  L.  (1865).  banker,  in  New 
York.  N.  Y..  Aug.  12. 

Greer.  David  H.  (1844).  bishop,  in  New  rork. 
N.  Y..  May  19. 

Griffin.  Gerald  (1854).  actor,  in  Venice.  Cal.. 
March  16. 

Hammerstein.  Oscar  (1847),  theater  builder 
and  opera  producer,  in  New  York.  N.  Y., 
Aug.  1. 

Hanan.  Alfred  P..  shoe  manufacturer,  at  Sea- 
gate. N.  Y..  Sept.  26. 

Hanna.  Leonard  C.  (1850),  ship  owner,  in 
Cleveland.  O..  March  23. 

Hanrahan.  John  E.  (1860),  inventor,  in  Balti- 
more. Md..  March  12. 

Harben.  Will  N.  (1858).  author,  in  New  York. 
N.  Y..  Aug.  7. 

Harkness.  Harry  S.  (1881).  sportsman,  in 
New  York.  N.  Y..  Jan.  23. 

Harkness.  William  L.,  capitalist,  in  New  York, 
N.  Y..  May  10. 

Hay,  Henry  G.,  Sr.  (1847),  U.  S.  Steel  corpora- 
tion official,  in  Gary.  Ind..  Aug.  18. 

Hearst,  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  (1842),  in  Pleasanton. 
Cal..  April  13. 

Hegeman,  John  R.  (1845),  insurance  official, 
at  Mamaroneck.  N.  Y..  April  6. 

Heinz,  Henry  J.  (1844).  head  of  pickling-  con- 
cern, in  Pittsburgh,  Pa..  May  14. 

Herbert,  Hilary  A.  (1834).  former  secretary 
of  the  navy,  in  Tampa,  Fla.,  March  6. 

Hinds,  Asher  C.  (1863).  parliamentarian,  in 
Washingt9n.  D.  C..  May  2. 

Hoard.  William  D.  (1836),  former  governor,  in 
Fort  Atkinson,  Wis.,  Nov.  22,  1918. 

Hood.  John  (1857).  rear-admiral.  U.  S.  N.. 
retired,  in  Annapolis.  Md.,  Feb.  12. 

Hopkins.  Cyril  G.  (1866),  educator,  at  Gib- 
raltar. Oct.  8. 

Horlick,  George  W.  (1845),  manufacturer,  in 
Racine,  Wis.,  Aug.  31. 

Hoss.  F.  Embree  (1849),  bishop,  in  Tuskegee. 
Ala..  April  23. 

Hough,  Mrs.  Anna  Gould  (1830),  in  Los  An- 
geles. Cal.,  April  29. 

Hughes.  John  J.,  head  of  Paulist  order  in  the 

United  States,  in  New  York.  N.  Y.,  May  6. 
Ide.  George  Edward  (1860).  insurance  official. 

at  Locust  Valley,  L.  I.,  July  10. 
Jacobi.    Abraham    (1830),   physician,   at  Lake 

George.  N.  Y..  July  10. 

Jacobs,  Joseph  W.,  theatrical  manager,  in  New 
York.  N.  Y..  Feb.  5. 

Jefferson.     Joseph     W..     Jr.      (1869).     actor. 

in   New   York.    N.   Y..   May   1. 
Johnston.    Julia  H.    (1849),   hymn   writer,   in 

Jone9.nCharles  W^  "Buffalo")  (1841).  buffalo, 
hunter,  plainsman,  in  Topeka,  Kas..  Oct.  1. 

Jones.  Pembroke,  financier,  in  New  York. 
N.  Y..  Jan.  24. 

Kearney.  Edward  F.  (1865).  railroad  presi- 
dent, in  St.  Louis.  Mo..  March  10. 

Lackaye.   Mrs.  Wilton,   at  Long  Beach,   L.   I.. 

Layton.    Frederick    (1827),   philanthropist,   in 

Milwaukee,   Wis..   Aug.    16. 
Leary.    Miss    Annie,    papal    countess,    in    New 

York.  N.  Y..  April  26. 
Lebaudy     Jacques,     eccentric    millionaire,     in- 

Westbury.    N.   Y..   Jan.   11. 
Lister,    Ernest    (1870),    governor,    in    Seattle. 

Lubffn."  David  (1841).  founder  of  interna- 
tional institute  of  agriculture  in  Rome. 
Italy.  New  York.  N.  Y..  J?n.  1. 

MacCracken.  Henry  M.  (1840),  educator,  m 
Orlando.  Fla..  Dec.  24.  3918. 

Mallory.  Henry  R.  (1848),  steamship  official, 
in  Winter  Park.  Fla..  March  4. 

Msrkham.  Paulin*  (Mrs  Jp"n  g*»J*«).  **>- 
tress,  in  New  York.  N.  Y..  March  20. 

Marsh  Charles  W.  (1834),  inventor,  in. 
DeKalb.  111.  Nov.  9.  1918. 


472 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


Mason,     John     (1858),     actor,     in     Stamford. 

MStTeson^A.  'I'.     (1842)      professor    of    den- 

tistry    in  Galesburg,  111.,  April  18. 
McCabe    Mrs.   Harriet   C.    (1827),    temperance 


,     near 
,    capitalist,    in 

cne-  U846),   judge  in  Phil* 
delphia.   Pa.,    Jan.   20. 
Meek,   Samuel  W.    (1864),  publisher,   in  New 

Merriam,   '  Jonathan    '  (1834).      pioneer,      at 


).  capitalist,  in  St. 
Mitchell.  ^John^Tslo1)..  labor  leader,  in  New 
MunS'W.'  MaxSe(P1862).  orientalist,  at  Wild- 
Nesmith,  Blanche  v7'(1858),  actress,  in  New 

NoSon',    ArthuVABPrV856),    oculist,    in  New 

York,  N.   Y.,  June  18. 
Oakes    T.  F.    (1833),   former  railroad  official, 


ns.    base- 
ball  umpire,  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  20,  1918. 
Page,  Edward  D.  (1856),  scientist,  in  Oakland, 

J  W.'  (1870),  highway  engineer,  in 


),    diplomat     and 
publisher,  in  Pinehurst,  Ala..  Dec.  22.  1918. 
Parsons     William    (1878).    comedian,    in   Los 


eMi833>.    maio^e  nera.    In 
civU  war.  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  3. 
Pendleton     Edwin    C.     (1847),     rear-admiral, 
U.  I    N..  retired,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa..  Sept. 

Pettit,  Frederick  R.    (1884),  manufacturer,  in 

Kenosha    Wis.,  June  14. 
Pickering-,    Edward  C.    (1846),   astronomer,   in 

Cambridge,   Mass..   Feb.    3. 
Pleasants,    William   H.    U8C4),    transportation 

official,   in  New   York.   N.    Y.,    March    18. 
Polgary.    Gezade     (1862),    artist,    in    Atlantic 

Popef'j?mes  Wn'(1846),  major-general    U.  S. 

A      retired,    in   Denver,    Col..    Aug.    23. 
Primrose;   George  H.    (1853),   minstrel,  in*  San 


188),  soldier,  in  New  York, 

QuteffY'Lenmel1  Ely'  (1863),  former,  congress- 
man in  New  York,  N.  Y.,  July  2.'  . 

Quincy,  Josiah  (1859),  former  mayor,  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  Sept.  8. 

Reed     Verner    Z.     (1863),    author,    capitalist, 

Ftt^k   ^'engineer,  in  New 
;   ATed  Tulles),   circus  owner,   in 
Robbing  Edward^.  2(1861),  representative  in 
edl^a^^-;  manufacturer,  in 
#"(1836).    manufacturer,    in 


ooe  Dormer  president 

of  the  United  States,  in  Oyster  Bay,   N.   Y., 

Ross"'  Duncan  C.,    wrestler   and  broad  swords- 

Ro^VwSfil^ 

U.    S.   A.,   retired,   in  New   Brighton,    N.    Y.. 

?yt-  David    T..    judge,    in    Los    Angeles.    Cal.. 
March  5. 


Ryan,  John  (1835).  merchant,  in  Joliet,  HI., 
May  26. 

Sage,    Mrs.    Russell     (1828),    in    New    York, 

N.    Y..    Nov.   4,    1918. 

Schinasi.  Solomon,  former  tobacco  dealer,  in 
New  York,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  4. 

Scrogin,  Austin  H.,  Masonic  official,  in  Lex- 
ington, 111.,  April  26. 

Seligman,  Minnie,  actress,  in  Atlantic  City, 
N.  J.,  March  1. 

Shatter,  Cornelius  T.  (1847),  bishop,  in  Lan- 
sing, Mich.,  March  28. 

Shanley,  Andrew  (1870),  restaurateur,  in  New 
York,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  27. 

Shaw,  Anna  (1848),  suffragist  leader,  in 
Moylan,  Pa.,  July  2. 

Sheldon,  George  R.  (1857).  banker,  repub- 
lican leader,  in  Carbondale,  111.,  Jan.  14. 

Shepherd,  Frederick  M.,  Jr.  (1858),  manu- 
facturer, in  East  Orange,  N.  J.,  Sept.  17. 

Shonts,  Theodore  P.  (1856),  railroad  builder 
and  official,  in  New  York,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  21. 

Silliman,  John  R.  (1855),  consul,  in  Guadala- 
jara. Mexico.  Jan.  17. 

Smith.  A.  F.  (1849).  editor,  in  St.  Louis. 
Mo..  Aug.  16. 

Smith,  Joseph  F.  (1838),  president  of  Mor- 
mon church,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  Nov. 
19,  1918. 

Spooner.  John  C.  (1843),  lawyer  and  former 
United  States  senator  from  Wisconsin,  in 
New  York.  N.  Y..  June  11. 

Steinway.  Charles  H.  (1857),  piano  manufac- 
turer, in  New  York.  N.  Y..  Oct.  30. 

-tephjns.  Ferny  M.  (1857),  educator  and  au- 
thor, in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  April  16. 

Stephens,  John  E.,  brigadier-general,  U.  S.  A., 
in  France,  Jan.  4. 

Stern,  Ben,  theatrical  manager,  in  New  York. 
N.  Y..  March  27. 

Stewart.  Allison  V.  (1856),  publisher,  in 
Miami,  Fla.,  March  14. 

Story.  Julian  (1857).  artist,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa..  Feb.  24. 

Straight,  Maj.  Willard  D.  (1880),  financier 
and  diplomat,  in  Paris.  France,  Dec.  1.  1918. 

Strong,  Henry  A.,  capitalist,  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y..  July  26. 

Swobe,  Col.  Thomas  (1843),  civil  war  vet- 
eran, in  Berkeley,  Cal.,  Jan.  21. 

Tanner,  Henry  S.  (1831),  physician,  noted 
for  fast  of  forty  days,  in  San  Diego,  Cal., 
Dec.  28,  1918. 

Tawney,  James  A.  (1855),  former  congress- 
man, at  Excelsior  Springs,  Mo.,  June  12. 

Thomas,  Chauncey  (1850).  rear-admiral.  U.  S. 
N.,  retired,  in  Pacific  Grove,  Cal.,  May  11. 

Thompson,  Frederick,  theatrical  manager,  in 
New  York,  N.  Y.,  June  6. 

Thompson,  Joseph  B..  congressman,  on  train 
near  Martinsburg,  W.  Va..  Sept.  18. 

Thompson,  William  B.  (1838),  banker  and 
political  leader,  at  Haven,  Me.,  Aug.  14. 

Thum,  William,  metallurgist,  in  Hammond. 
Ind.,  June  28. 

Tiffany,  Annie  Ward,  actress,  in  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  31,  1918. 

Titsworth.  Judson  (1845),  clergyman,  at  Day- 
tona.  Fla.,  April  9. 

Tod,  David  (1877),  capitalist,  in  Youngstown. 
O  May  14. 

Toy,  Crawford  H.  (1836),  educator,  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  May  12. 

Turner.  Walter  V.,  inventor,  in  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  Jan.  9. 

Van  Dyke,  Carl  C.  (1881),  congressman,  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  May  20. 

Van    Fleet,    Frank,     surgeon,     in    New    York, 

Van  Hi'se,  Charles  R.  (1857),  educator,  in 
Milwaukee.  Wis.,  Nov.  19.  1918. 

Van  Loan,  Charles  E.  (1876).  novelist  and 
humorist,  in  Abington,  Pa..  May  2. 

Van  Wyck.  Robert  A.  (1849).  former  mayor, 
in  New  York,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  15.  1918. 


ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


473 


Very,  Samuel  W.  (1846).  rear-admiral,  U.  S. 
N.,  retired,  in  Boston,  Mass..  Jan.  3. 

Warren,  Edward  K.  (1847),  manufacturer,  in 
Evanston,  111.,  Jan.  16. 

Walker,  Dr.  Mary  E.  (1832),  suffragist,  sur- 
geon in  civil  war,  near  Oswego,  N.  Y., 
Feb.  21. 

Washburn,  John  S.  (1858),  miller,  at  Liver- 
more  Falls,  Me..  Sept.  25. 

Weisse,  Charles  H.  (1868),  former  congress- 
man, in  Sheboygran.  Wis.,  Oct.  8. 

Wheeler,  Van  R.,  comic  opera  writer,  in  New 
York.  N.  Y..  Feb.  15. 

Whitaker,  Herman  (1867),  author,  in  New 
York,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  20. 

White,  Andrew  D.  (1832),  statesman  and  edu- 
cator, in  Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  Nov.  4,  1918. 

White,  Howard  (1881),  singer,  in  New  York, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  23. 

White,  Joseph  N.  (1851),  manufacturer,  in 
Winchendon,  Mass..  March  L3. 

Wilcox.  Ella  Wheeler  (1855).  poet  and  au- 
thor, in  Brandford.  Conn..  Oct.  30. 

Williams,  John  E.  (1842),  arbitrator,  in 
Streator,  111.,  Jan.  2. 

Williams,  Arthur  L.  (1856),  bishop,  in  Omaha, 
Neb.,  Jan.  28. 

Wilson,  John  M.  (1838).  brigadier-general  U. 
S.  A.,  retired,  in  Washington.  D.  C..  Feb.  1. 

Wise,  Mrs.  Sarah  G.,  sculptress,  in  New  York, 
N  Y  May  11 

Wool  worth,  Frank  W.  (1852),  merchant,  at 
Glen  Cove,  L.  I.,  April  8. 

Wright,  Cameron,  lieutenant  U.  S.  A.,  and 
aviator,  at  St.  Paul,  Neb.,  Oct.  17. 

Withycombe,  James  (1854),  governor,  in  Sa- 
lem, Ore.,  March  3. 

Young,  Bennett  H.  (1843).  confederate  gen- 
eral in  civil  war,  in  Louisville.  Ky.,  Feb.  23. 

Zelaya,  Joseph  S..  -former  president  of  Nica- 
ragua, in  New  York,  May  18. 

FOREIGN. 

Allan,  Andrew  (1860),  ship  owner,  in  Mon- 
treal, Que.,  Feb.  11. 

Alvez,  Rodriguez,  president-elect  of  Brazil,  in 
Rio  Janeiro.  Jan.  16. 

Arnim.  Gen.  Count  Sixt  von.  at  Asch,  Bo- 
hemia. March  16. 

Astor.  William  Waldorf  (1848),  capitalist,  in 
London,  England.  Oct.  18. 

Ayling.  Herbert  (1853),  actor,  in  New  York. 
N.  Y..  Aug.  29. 

Ballin.  Albert  (1857),  shipping  magnate,  in 
Berlin.  Germany.  Nov.  9.  1918. 

Barnardiston.  N.  W.  (1858),  major-general  in 
British  army,  at  Felixstowe,  England.  Aug.  18. 

Beresford.  Admiral  Baron  Charles  W.  (1846), 
at  Langwell.  Scotland,  Sept.  6. 

Bilac,  Olavo  (1865).  poet.  o"ator  and  educa- 
tor, in  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil,  Dec.  28.  1918. 

Botha.  Louis  (1863).  soldier  and  statesman, 
in  Pretoria.  U.  of  S.  A.,  Aug.  28. 

Cameron.  Violet  (1862).  actress,  in  Worthing. 
England.  Oct.  25. 

Cassetta.  Francis  de  Paula  (1845),  cardinal, 
in  Rome.  March  24. 

Cellere.  V.  Maechidi.  diplomat,  in  Washing- 
ton. D.  C..  Oct.  20. 

Colonna,  Princess  Stagliano,  in  Santa  Mar- 
gherita.  Italy.  March  21. 

Cottenham.  Earl  of  (1874),  in  London,  Eng- 
land. April  22. 

Cowles.  Mrs.  Frances  (1862).  author,  in  To- 
ronto. Ont.,  Sept.  6. 

Crookes.  Sir  William  (1832),  chemist  and 
physicist,  in  London.  England.  Ap  il  4. 

Davidson.  Sir  James  Mackenzie  (1856),  sur- 
geon, in  London,  England,  April  2. 

Deakin.  Alfred  01856),  former  premier,  in 
Sydney.  N.  S.  W..  Oct.  7. 

Drummond.  George  E.,  Montreal  iron  merchant, 
in  London.  England.  Feb.  17. 

Eisner.  Kurt  (1867).  premier  of  Bavaria,  in 
Munich.  Feb.  21. 


Erlanger,  Camille  (1863),  composer,  in  Paris. 
France.  April  24. 

Festetics.  Count  Tassilo  (1850),  diplomat,  in 
Budapest.  April  9. 

Figgis,  John  N.  (1866).  theologian  and  his- 
torian, in  London,  England,  April  16. 

Fischer.  Emil  (1852),  professor  of  chemistry,, 
in  Berlin.  Germany.  July  16. 

Fukushima.  Yasumasa  (1853),  soldier,  in 
Tokyo.  Japan.  Feb.  18. 

Gould.  Nathaniel  (1857),  novelist,  in  New- 
haven.  England,  July  25. 

Grossmith.  Weedon  (1852).  actor,  in  Lon- 
don. England.  June  14. 

Haase.  Hugo  (1863),  socialist  leader,  in  Ber- 
lin. Germany,  Nov.  7. 

Haeckel.  Ernst  H.  (1834).  zoologist,  in  Jena. 
Germany.  Aug.  9. 

Habibullah  Khan  (1872).  emir  of  Afghan- 
istan, in  Kabul.  Feb.  20. 

Hertling.  Count  G.  F.  von  (1843).  former  im- 
perial German  chancellor,  in  Ruhpolding. 
Bavaria.  Jan.  4. 

Holden.  Sir  Edward  H.  (1848),  financier,  in 
Scotland.  July  23. 

Holtzendorff.  Henning  von  (1853),  admiral,  in 
Berlin.  Germany.  June  9. 

Inverclyde.  Baron  (1864).  ship  owner,  in 
Glasgow.  Scotland.  Aug.  16. 

Irving.  Henry  B.  (1870),  actor,  son  of  Sir 
Henry  Irving,  in  London.  England,  Oct.  17. 

Itagaki.  Count  Taisuke  (1837).  statesman,  in 
Tokyo.  Japan.  July  23. 

John  Charles  (1905).  prince,  at  Sandringham, 
England.  Jan.  18. 

Kiralfy.  Imre  (1845).  actor  and  manager,  in 
Brighton.  England.  April  27. 

Laurier.  Wilfrid  (1841).  statesman,  in  Ottawa. 
Ont..  Feb.  17. 

Leoncavallo.  Ruggiero  (1856).  composer,  in 
Rome.  Italy.  Aug.  9. 

Leroux.  Xavier  H.  (1863).  composer,  in  Paris. 
France.  Feb.  3. 

Liebknecht.  Karl  (1871),  socialist  leader,  in 
Berlin.  Germany.  Jan.  15. 

Louis  Victor.  Austrian  archduke  (1842),  in 
Salzburg.  Austria.  Aug.  23. 

Luxembourg.  Rosa,  revolutionist,  in  Berlin, 
Germany.  Jan.  15. 

Meyer.  Kuno  (1858).  philologist,  in  Leipsic. 
Germany.  Oct.  15. 

Navarre.  Jean.  French  aviation  "ace,"  near 
Versailles.  France.  July  10. 

Novelli.  Ermeti  (1851),  actor  and  manager,  in 
Paris.  France.  Jan.  30. 

Paget.  Lady  Arthur,  in  Paris.  France,  May  20. 

Palma.  Ricardo.  author,  in  Lima.  Peru,  Oct.  6. 

Paris.  Countess  of  (1849).  in  Madrid,  Spain. 
April  24. 

Patti.    Adelina    (1843).    singer,    at    Craig-y-nos 

castle.  Penycae.  Wales.  Sept.  27. 
'  Poynter.    Sir   Edward   John    (1836),    artist,    in 
London.  England.  July  26. 

Rayleigh.  Lord  John  W.  S.  (1842),  scientist, 
in  London.  England.  June  30. 

Roche.  Baroness  de  la,  aviator,  at  Crotoy. 
Fiance.  July  18. 

Rock.  Charles  (1866).  actor,  in  London.  Eng- 
land. July  12. 

Rossetti.  William  M.  (1829).  author,  in  Lon- 
don. England,  Feb.  5. 

Rothschild.  Baron  Lamber.  banker,  in  Paris, 
France.  Jan.  30. 

Schreiner.  William  P.  (1857),  former  premier 
of  Cape  Colony,  in  London.  England.  June  28. 

Shaw.  J.  Byam  (1872).  illustrator,  in  London. 
England.  Jan.  26. 

Steele.  Samuel  B.  (1849).  soldier,  in  Putney. 
England,  Jan.  30. 

Stefanik.  Milan.  Czeoho-Slovak  minister  of 
war,  in  Hungary,  May  4. 

Stengel.  Baron  H.  G.  L.  von  (1837),  financier, 
in  Berlin.  Germany.  May  6. 

Storey.  George  A.  (1834).  artist,  in  London. 
England.  July  29. 


474 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Sylva.    Eloi     (1846).    singer,    in    Berlin,    Ger- 

ThereS.  Maria8"(.1849).  former  queen  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Munich.  Germany,  Feb.  3. 

Vedrines.  Jules,  aviator,  near  St.  Rambert- 
d'Alon.  France,  April  21. 

Vickers.  Albert  (1838).  manufacturer,  in  East- 
bourne, England.  July  12. 


Waterlow.  Ernest  A.  (1850).  painter,  at 
Hampstead.  England.  Oct.  25. 

Wyndham.  Sir  Charles  (1837),  actor,  in  Lon- 
don. England.  Jan.  12. 

Yi  Heui  (1851).  former  emperor  of  Korea,  in 
Seoul.  Jan.  21. 

Zapata,  Emileano,  rebel  leader,  at  Cuautla. 
Mexico.  April  9. 


NOTABLE  GIFTS  AND 

Carnegie.  Andrew.  New  York.  N.  Y..  by  will  to 
Cooper  Union.  New  York.  $600.000:  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburgh.  $200.000:  Hampton  insti- 
tute. $300.000:  Stevens  institute.  $100.000: 
St.  Andrew's  Society  of  New  York  $100.000: 
relief  fund  of  Authors'  club.  New  York, 
$100  000:  residue  of  estate  of  between  $25,- 
000.000  and  $30,000.000  to  Carnegie  cor- 
poration of  New  York. 

Cassel.  Sir  Ernest,  London,  England,  tor  edu- 
cational purposes.  $2.000.000. 

Colgate.  Richard  M..  West  Orange,  N.  J..  by 
will  to  Yale  and  Colgate  universities,  $200.- 
000. 

Couzens.  James.  Detroit,  to  home  for  nurses 
of  Harper  hospital.  Detroit.  $300,000. 

Donovan.  Mrs.  Anna.  Iroquois  county.  Illinois, 
by  will  to  religious  and  educational .  institu- 
tions. $200,000. 

Drumm,  Andrew.  Kansas  City.  Mo.,  by  will  to 
Andrew  institute  for  waifs.  $1.800.000. 

Du  Pont,  Pierre  S.,  Wilmington,  Del.,  to  pub- 
lic schools  of  Delaware,  $2,000,000. 

Eastman.  George.  Rochester.  N.  Y.,  to  Univer- 
sity of  Rochester  for  school  of  music, 
$3.500,000. 

Eckhapt.  Bernard  A..  Chicago,  to  Visiting- 
Nurses'  Association  and  Lewis  institute  of 
Chicago,  $25.000. 

Finley.  J.  B..  Pittsburgh,  by  will  to  religious 
and  educational  charities,  $2.000.000. 

Harris.  Mrs.  Emma  Gale.  Chicago,  by  will  to 
benevolent  and  public  objects.  $100.000. 

Harrison.  Thomas  S..  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  by 
will,  to  city  of  Philadelphia  for  good  gov- 
ernment, $1,000,000. 

Jackson.  John  L..  Fort  Worth.  Tex.,  by  will 
to  Spiritualists  of  the  United  States. 
$500.000. 

Hearst.  Mrs.  Phoebe  A..  San  Francisco,  by  will 
to  the  University  of  California.  $60.000. 

Huntington.    Henry   E..   Los   Angeles   and   New 


BEQUESTS  IN  1919. 

York,   to  people  of  Los  Angeles,   books   and 
art  objects  valued  at  $2.500.000. 

Juillard.  Augustus  J..  New  York,  N.  Y..  ty 
will  for  establishing  the  Juillard  Musical 
foundation,  $5.000.000. 

Keep.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chauncey.  Chicago,  to 
infirmary  for  Yale  university.  $54.000. 

Lehmann,  Mrs.  Augusta,  Chicago,  by  will 
for  hospital  for  crippled  soldiers,  $100,000- 
for  other  institutions.  $100.000. 

McCormick.  Mrs.  Cyrus,  Chicago,  to  Olivet  in- 
stitute. $100.000. 

Nolan.  J.  G.,  Rushville.  111.,  by  will  to  the 
Northwestern  university.  $200,000. 

Noyes.  La  Verne  W..  Chicago,  by  will  to  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  for  education  of  students 
who  served  in  the  war  and  of  their  children 
$1.000.000. 

Rockefeller  foundation  for  research  in  physics 
and  chemistry.  $500.000. 

Rockefeller.  John  D..  New  York,  for  aged 
Baptist  ministers,  $250,000;  to  the  northern 
Baptist  convention.  $2.000.000:  to  Chau- 
tauqua  institution  (conditional).  $100.000: 
to  the  northern  Baptist  convention,  $2,000,- 
000:  to  medical  education.  $20.000.000;  to 
Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical  Research. 
$10.000.000. 

Rosenwald.  Julius.  Chicago,  to  negro  Y.M.C.A.. 
Columbus.  O.,  $25.000. 

Searles.  Edward.  Massachusetts,  to  University 
of  California.  $1.500.000. 

Stambaugh.  John,  Youngstown.  O.,  to  Cornell 
university.  $100.000. 

Swift.  Mrs.  G.  F..  Chicago,  to  Methodist  cen- 
tenary fund.  $100.000. 

Tiffany.  Louis  C..  New  York,  for  Loins  Com- 
fort Tiffany  foundation,  $1,000.000  and 
estate  at  Cold  Spring-  Harbor.  L.  I. 

To  Johns  Hopkins  university  by  anonymous 
giver.  $400.000. 

To  Northwestern  university  by  unnamed 
givers.  $550.000. 


WHEAT  HARVEST  CALENDAR. 


January — Australia,  New  Zealand,  Chile.  Ar- 
gentine Republic. 

February  and  March — Upper  Egypt,  India. 

April — Lower  Egypt,  India.  Syria,  Cyprus, 
Persia,  Asia  Minor,  Mexico,  Cuba. 

May — Texas,  Algeria,  Central  Asia,  China, 
Japan.  Morocco. 

June — California,  Oregon.  Mississippi,  Ala- 
bama, Georgia,  North  Carolina.  South  Caro- 
lina. Tennessee,  Virginia.  Kentucky,  Kansas, 
Arkansas.  Utah.  Colorado.  Missouri,  Turkey, 
Gr-^ece,  Italy,  Snain.  Portugal,  south  of  France. 

July — New    England,    New     York,     Pennsyl- 


vania, Ohio.  Indiana.  Michigan,  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Wisconsin,  southern  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  up- 
per Canada.  Roumania.  Bulgaria,  Austria, 
Hungary,  south  of  Russia,  Germany,  Switzer- 
land, south  of  England. 

August — Central  and  northern  Minnesota. 
Dakotas,  Manitoba,  lower  Canada.  British  Co- 
lumbia, Belgium.  Holland.  Great  Britain.  Den- 
mark. Poland,  central  Russia. 

September  and  October — Scotland,  Sweden. 
Norway,  north  of  Russia. 

November — Peru.  South  Africa. 

December — Burma,  New  South  Wales. 


LLOYD'S. 


Lloyd's  is  an  association  of  underwriters  in 
London.  England.  Its  name  is  derived  from 
a  coffee  house  kept  by  Edward  Lloyd  in 
Tower  street  in  the  l?th  century,  where 
underwriters  met  to  transact  business.  They 
remained  there  until  1774,  when  they  re- 
moved to  the  Poval  Exchange,  where  they 
have  since  remained.  Lloyd's  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1871  by  an  art  of  parliament,  the  act 
being  amende  in  1911.  It  do«s  not  under - 
iike  insurance  business  as  a  corporation  This 


ia  conducted  by  its  members  on  their  own 
account  but  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of 
the  society.  Lloyd's  is  also  an  organization 
for  the  collection  and  distribution  of  mari- 
time intelligence  which  is  published  in 
Lloyd's  List.  This  paper,  originally  es- 
t-> Wished  in  1696  as  Lloyd's  News,  is  the 
oldest  newspaper  in  Europe  with  the  exception 
of  the  London  GazeWe.  Various  works  are 
published  by  the  corporation  for  the  benefit 
of  the  mercantile  community. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


475 


ARMY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Commander-in-Chief-President    Woodrow    Wil-    Arthur  W. 


GENERAL  OFFICERS. 

Generals. 
John  J.  Persians.  I  Peyton  C.  March. 

Lieutenant-Generals. 

Hunter  Liggett.  1  Robert  L.  Bullard. 

Major-Generals. 


jh.  Morrisn.  Henry  G.  Sharpe. 

Brigadier-Generals. 


Clarence  R.  Edwards. 
Charles  J.  Bailey. 
George  Bell.   Jr. 
Harry  F.  Hodges. 
John  W.  Ruckman. 
Francis  H.  French. 
Charles  G.  Treat. 
Joseph  E.  Kuhn. 
Francis  J.  K-rnan. 
Edwin  F.  Glenn. 
John  Biddl". 
Henry  C.  Hodges.  Jr. 
Josenh  T.  Dickman. 
Adelbert  Cronkhite. 
F^nry  T.  Allen. 
William  H.  Sage 
Chase  W.  Kennedy. 


Omar  Bundy. 
Harry  C.  Hale. 
Richard  M.  Blatchford. 
Samuel  D.  Sturgis. 
David  C.  Shanks. 
William  M.  Wright. 
Edwin  B.   Babbitt. 
John  D.  Barrette. 
William  S.  Scott. 
George  W.  Read. 
Charles  H.  Muir 
Charles  T.  Menoher. 
James  W.  McAndrew. 
William  G.  Haan. 
John  L.  Hines. 
James  G.  Harbord. 
Charles  P.  Summerall. 


GENERAL  STAFF  CORPS. 

General,  Chief  of  Staff. 

Peyton  C.  March. 

Major-Generals. 
Frank  Mclntyre.  assistant   to  chief. 

W    Coe    chief  of  coast  artillery. 
McJ.  Carter,    chief   of  militia   bureau. 

Colonels. 

P   D.  Lochridge.  1  Edward  D.  Anderson. 

Francis   E.  Lacy.  Jr.     I 

L  ieu  tenant-Colonels. 

Ralph  H.  Van  Deman.  I  Robert  E.  Wyllie. 
John  McA.  Palmer.  1  Frank  J.  Morrow. 
Majors. 


Charles  H.  Hilton. 
Harry  H.  Tebbetts. 
Monroe  C.  Kerth. 
Percy  P.  Bishop. 
Samuel  G.  Shartle. 
William  S.  Browning. 
Daniel  I.  Sultan. 
Jacob  M.  Coward. 
Fred  E.  Buchan. 
H.  B.  Myers. 
Henry  C.  Merriam. 
Douglas  McCaskpy. 
Daniel  Van  Voorhis. 


Joseph  R.  McAndrews. 
Harry  N.  Cootes. 
George  T.  Bowman. 
Robert  I.  Rees. 
Robert  Whitfield. 
Constant  Cordier. 
Kenneth  C.  Masteller. 
Edwin  S.  Hartshorn. 
William  R.  Standiford. 
Frederick  S.  Young. 
Walter  S.  Grant. 
Walter  H.  Johnson. 


Frank  T.  Hines. 
Walter  K.  Wilson. 
William  B.  Graham. 
Clifford  Jones. 
Frederic  G.  Kellond. 
Alexander  B.  Coxe. 
Chauncey  L.  Fenton. 
Fulton  Q.  C.  Gardner. 
A.   Owen  Seaman. 
George  P.  Tyner. 


VT»"UIBC     r  .      X  .V  IIT^I   , 

William  W.  Tavlor.  Jr. 
Roscoe  H.  Hearn. 
Oliver  P.  Robinson. 


Captains. 

Benjamin  H.  WiTliams 
Francis  W.  Honeycutt 
William  B.  Wallace. 
George  C.  Marshall,  Jr 
Sherman  Miles. 
Fred  T.  Cruse. 
Charles  H.  Mason. 
Klvid  Hunt. 
Philip   H.   Baghy. 
•w  D.  Chaffin. 


Charles  W.  TrtfOTXl. 

Merrill   F.   Snalding. 
Thomas  W.  Hammond. 


Homer  M.  GT»ninger. 
Franz   A.  Doniat. 
David  McCoach.  Jr. 

DEPARTMENT  AND  BUREAU  HEADS. 

Adjutant-General— Maj.-Gen.  Peter  C.  Harris. 

Inspector  General— Maj.-Gen.  John  L.  Chamber- 
lain. 

Judge  Advocate — Maj.-Gen.  E.  H.  Crowder. 

Quartermaster  Corps,  Quartermaster  General— 
Maj.-Gen.  Harry  L.  Rogers. 

Military  Storekeeper— Capt.  Charles  P.  Daly. 

Medical  Department.  Surgeon  General — Maj.- 
Gen.  M.  W.  Ireland. 

Corps  of  Engineers.  Chief  of  Engineers — Maj.- 
Gen.  W.  M.  Black. 

Ordnance  Department.  Chief  of  Ordnance— 
Maj.-Gen.  Clarence  C.  Williams. 

Sigaal  Corps.  Chief  Signal  Officer— Maj.-Gen. 
George  O.  Squier. 

3ureau  of  Insular  Affairs.  Chief— Maj.-Gen. 
Frank  Mclntyre. 

Militia  Bureau.  Chief-Ma  j. -Gen.  Jesse  I.  Mc- 
Carter. 

DEPARTMENTS  (GEOGRAPHICAL). 

The  Northeastern  Department — Includes  the 
North  Atlantic  coast  artillery  district  and  the 
states  of  Maine.  New  Hampshire.  Vermont, 
Massachusetts.  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Is- 
land: headquarters.  Boston.  Mass.  Command- 
er, Maj.-Gen.  Clarence  R.  Edwards. 

The  Eastern  Department— Includes  the  middle 
Atlantic  coast  artillery  district  and  the  states 
of  New  York.  Pennsylvania.  New  Jersey. 
Delaware.  Maryland.  Virginia,  District  of  Co- 
lumbia and  Porto  Rico,  and  the  islands  and 
keys 'adjacent  thereto:  headquarters.  Gover- 
nors Island.  N.  Y.  Commander,  Maj.-Gen. 
Thomas  H.  Barry. 

The  Southeastern  Department  —  Includes  the 
south  Atlantic  coast  artillery  district  and  the 
states  of  North  Carolina.  South  Carolina. 
Georgia.  Florida.  Tennessee.  Alabama.  Mis- 
sissippi. Louisiana  and  Arkansas:  also  the 
coast  defenses  of  Galveston:  headquarters, 
Charleston.  S.  C.  Commander,  Lieut.-Gen. 
Robert  L.  Bullard. 

The  Central  Department — Includes  the  states 
of  West  Virginia.  Ohio,  Michigan.  Indiana. 
Kentucky.  Wisconsin,  Illinois.  Minnesota. 
Iowa.  Missouri,  North  Dakota.  South  Dakota, 
Nebraska.  Kansas  and  Colorado:  headquar- 
ters. Chicago.  111.  Commander,  Maj.-Gen. 
Leonard  Wood. 

The  Southern  Department— Includes  the  states 
of  Texas  (excepting  coast  defenses  of  Gal- 
veston). Oklahoma.  New  Mexico  and  Arizona: 
headquarters.  Fort  Sam  Houston,  Tex.  Com- 
mander, Maj.-Gen.  Joseph  T.  Dickman. 

The  Western  Department— Includes  the  north 
Pacific  coast  artillery  district,  the  south  Pa- 
cific coast  artillery  district  and  the  states  of 
Montana.  Wyoming.  Idaho,  Utah.  Nevada, 
Washington.  Oregon.  California  and  the  ter- 
ritory of  Alaska:  headquarters.  San  Fran- 
cisco. Cal.  Commander.  Lieut.-Gen.  Hunter 
Liggett. 

The  Hawaiian"Department— Includes  the  Ha- 
waiian islands  and  their  dependencies:  head- 
quarters. Honolulu.  Hawaii.  Cemmander. 
Maj.-Gen.  Charles  G.  Morton. 

The  Philippine  Department— Includes  all  of  the 
Philippine  archipelago  and  troops  in  China: 
headquarters.  Manila.  P.  I.  Commander. 
Brig.-Gen.  Francis  H.  French. 

The  Panama  Canal  Department— Includes  the 
entire  canal  zone:  headquarters.  Ancon.  Canal 
Zone.  Commander.  Maj.-Gen.  Chase  W.  Ken- 
nedy. 


47« 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


AUTHORIZED    COMMISSIONED    STRENGTH    OF    THE    REGULAR    ARMY. 


Arm  or  corp». 

c  a>           oo 
"         gg 

2     |g     ife 

5       ^5  £      o  c 

J5           p  /T>        .X  S 

I     3"   %« 

226 

Brigadier- 
£  generals. 

Colonels. 

Lieutenant 
colonels. 

Majors. 

Captains. 

First  lieu- 
tenants. 

Second  lieu 
tenants. 

1 
44 

General  staff*  

10 

12 

3° 

34 

88 

Adj.  -Gen.  's  dept  

.  .  .                      1 

7 

13 

30 

*    "    *    * 

.... 

51 

* 

4 

3 

16 

29 

Judge-  Advocate  dept... 

1 

4 

7 

20 

32 

Quartermaster's  dept.. 
Medical  corps  

1 
1 

2 
2 

21 
49 

24 

84 

68 
368 

181 

tl  050 

65 

302 
1  554 

7 

13 

55 

+  158 

233 

Veterinary   corps  

17 

22 

71 

118 

Engineers  corps  

.  .  .                      1 

23 

30 

72 

152 

148 

79 

505 

•  •  • 

10 

15 

32 

4° 

42 

14° 

Signal    corps  

1 

3 

g 

10 

30 

75 

*  *  *  * 

1°7 

•  •  • 

1 

1 

8 

24 

114 

•  *    • 

148 

Insular  bureau  

'.'.'.     '.'.'.    "i 

1 

1 

3 

Militia  bureau  

i 

•  •  . 

.... 

1 

'"3 

•vJ 

10 

27 

9 

2 

53 

15 

23 

156 

194 

4 

3 

•  ... 

7 

Cavalry   

25 

25 

75 

375 

400 

400 

1  300 

Field   artillery.... 

21 

21 

47 

236 

294 

257 

876 

Coast  artillery  

24 

24 

72 

360 

360 

360 

1  °01 

Infantry   

64 

64 

192 

960 

1  024 

960 

3  264 

Porto  Rico  regiment.. 

1 

3 

15 

16 

15 

50 

Additional  officers 

i 

1 

29 

2 

12 

14 

59 

Detached  officers  

30 

30 

86 

435 

441 

.... 

1,022 

Total   

2          2        18 

39 

.'MO 

387 

1  °3° 

2  9°5 

4  309 

2  °09 

11  -*03 

Philippine    scouts  

86 

103 

103 

292 

Aggregate    . 

2          2        18 

3ft 

340 

387 

1.232 

3.011 

4.412 

2.312 

11  75ft 

•Strength  authorized  by  act  of  May  12.  1917.     tCaptains  and  first  lieutenants. 
ENLISTED   STRENGTH  OF   ARMY. 


The  number  of  enlisted  men  to  serve  in  the 
permanent  regular  army  had  not  been  deter- 
mined up  to  the  time  this  record  was  prepared 
(Nov.  1.  1919).  The  number  provided  for  by 


the  appropriation  bills  was  only  225.000  men, 
but  congress  had  under  consideration  measures 
contemplating  a  force  of  about  500.000  men. 


MILITARY  POSTS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Oct.  1.  1919. 


Aberdeen  Proving  Ground— Thirty-five  miles 
northeast  of  Baltimore.  Md. 

Adams,  Fort— Near  Newport.  R.  I. 

Alcatraz    Island — Ner./   San  Francisco.   Cal. 

Allen.   Fort   Ethan— Near   Essex  Junction.  Vt. 

Andrew.  Fort-^n  an  island  nine  miles  from 
Boston.  Mass. 

Apache,  Fort — Ninety  miles  south  of  Holbrook-. 
Ariz. 

Arcadia— Arcadia.  Cal. 

Armistead.  Fort— Eight  miles  southeast  of  Bal- 
timore, Md. 

Army  Reserve  Depot — Seven  miles  east  of  Co- 
lumbus. O. 

Army  Reserve  Depot— New  Cumberland.  Pa. 

Army  Reserve  Depot — Seven  miles  south  of 
Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Aviation  General  Supply  Depot— Middletown. 
Pa. 

Baker.  Fort — Six  miles  northwest  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Baldwin.  Fort— Sixteen  miles  from  Bath,  Me. 

Banks,  Fort — Two  miles  north  of  Boston.  Mass. 

Barrancas,  Fort — Seven  miles  from  Pensacola, 
Fla. 

Barren  Field— Everman.  Tex. 

Barry.   Fort — Seven   miles   from  Sausalito,    Cal. 

Bayard.  Fort— One  mile  north  of  Central,  -N.  M. 

Beauregard,  Camp — Five  miles  northeast  of 
Alexandria.  La. 

Benning,   Camp — Near  Columbus.  O. 

Boise  Barracks— Near  Boise.  Idaho. 

Boiling  Field— Washington.  D.  C. 

Bowie.  Camp— Two  miles  west  of  Fort  Worth. 
Tex. 


Boyd.  Camp— Fort  Bliss.  Tex. 

Brady,   Fort— Near  Sault   Ste.  Marie.  Mich. 

Bragg.  Camp — Ten  miles  northwest  of  Fayette- 
ville,  N.  C. 

Brooks  Field— Seven  miles  southeast  of  San 
Antonio.  Tex. 

Brown.  Fort — Brownsville.  Tex. 

Call  Field— Six  miles  southwest  of  Wichita. 
Falls.  Tex. 

Canby,  Fort— Mouth  of  Columbia  river.  Wash. 

Carlstrom  Field — Seven  miles  southeast  of  Ar- 
cadia, Fla. 

Carroll.  Fort— Eight  miles  southeast  of  Balti- 
more. Md. 

Carruthers  Field — Eleven  miles  west  of  Fort 
Worth.  Tex. 

Casey.  Fort— Five  miles  from  Port  Townsend. 
Wash. 

Caswcll.  Fort — Two  miles  from  Southport.  N.  C. 

Chanute  Field— One  mile  southeast  of  Rantoul, 
111. 

Charleston.  S.  C.— Headquarters  Southeastern 
department,  etc. 

Clark,   Fort— Ten  miles  west  of  Spofford.    Tex. 


Cody.   Camp — Deming-,   N.  M. 

Columbia,     Fort — Mouth     of 

Wash. 


Columbia     river. 


Columbus  Barracks — Columbus,  O. 

Constitution.  Fort— Three  miles  north  of  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H. 

Crockett.  Fort — Two  miles  southeast  of  Gal- 
veston.  Tex 

Crook,  Fort— Near  Omaha.  Neb. 

Custer.  Camp— Four  miles  west  of  Battle 
Creek.  Mich. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


477 


Dade.     Fort — Thirty-five    miles     southwest     of 

Tampa.  Fla. 

Davis,  Fort — Mouth  of  Nome  river,  Alaska. 
Delaware.  Fort— One  mile  east  of  Du  Pont,  Del. 
Des    Moines.    Fort— Five    miles    south    of    Des 

Moines.   Iowa. 

De  Soto.   Fort — Near  Tampa,  Fla. 
Devens.  Camp— One  mile  south  of  Ayer,  Mass. 
Dix.   Camp— Near  Wrightstown,   N.  J. 
Dodge,   Camp — Eleven  and  a  half  miles  north 

of  Des  Moines.  Iowa. 
Dorr   Field — About   twelve  miles  east  of  Ar- 
cadia, Fla. 

Douglas,  Ariz.— On  Mexican  border. 
Douglas,    Fort— Four    miles    southeast    of    Salt 

Lake  City,  Utah. 

Du  Pont.   Fort— Near  Delaware  City,  Del. 
Eagle  Pass,   Tex. — On  Mexican  border. 
East    Potomac    Park— Washington,    D.    C. 
Eberts  Field— Twenty-two  miles  east  of  Little 

Rock,    Ark. 

Edgewood   Arsenal — Edgewood,   Md. 
Ellington   Field— Sevei-teen  miles   southeast  Of 

Houston,    Tex. 

El  Paso,  Tex. — Near  Mexican  border. 
Eustis,  Abraham,  Camp — Eighteen  miles  north- 
west  of   Newport  News,    Va. 
Flagler.    Fort— Five   miles   northwest    of    Port 

Washington.   Wash. 

Forrest.    Camp — Ten    miles    south    of    Chatta- 
nooga,  Tenn. 
Fremont,  Camp — One  mile  west  of  Palo  Alto, 

Cal. 
Fremont.  Fort— On  St.  Helena  island,  four  miles 

from  Port  Royal.   S.  C. 
Front  Royal— At  Front  Royal.  Va. 
Funston,  Camp — Between  Manhattan  and  Junc- 
tion City,  Kas. 

Funston.  Fort — San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Furlong,    Camp — Seventy-three    miles    west    of 

El  Paso,   Tex. 
Gaines,    Fort— Thirty   miles   south   of   Mobile, 

Ala. 
General     Hospitals:       Army     and     Navy— Hot 

Springs.  Ark. 

U.  S.  A.— Fort  Bayard,  N.  M.:  Hoboken.  Pa.: 
White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Letterman — Presidio,    San  Francisco. 

Walter     Reed— Takoma     Park.     Washington, 
D.    C. 

No.  1— Williamsbridge,  N.  Y. 

No.  2— Fort  McHenry.  Md. 

.No.   3— Rahway,   N.   J. 

No.   4— Font   Porter.    N.   Y. 

No.  5— Fort  Ontario,  N.  Y. 

No.  6— Fort  McPherson,  Ga. 

No.   7 — Baltimore,   Md. 

No.  8— Otisville,  N.  Y. 

No.    10— Boston,    Mass. 

No.   12— Biltmore,   N.  C. 

No.   13— Dansville,  'N.  Y. 

No.   16— New  Haven,  Conn. 

No.  19— Oteen,  N.  C. 

No.   20— Near  Prescott,  Ariz. 

No.  21— Denver,  Col. 

No.  25— Fort  Benjamin  Harrison,  Aid. 

No.   26 — Fort   Des  Moines,   la. 

No.   27— Fort   Douglas,   Ariz. 

No.  28— Fort  Sheridan,  111. 

»No.  29— Fort   Snelling,  Minn. 

No.   30— Plattsburg,   N.  Y. 

No.  31— Carlisle.   Pa. 

No.  34— East   Norfolk.  Mass. 

No.  36— Detroit,   Mich. 

No.  38— East  View,  N.  Y. 

No.  41— Staten  Island,   N.  Y. 

No.  42— Near  Spartanburg,   S.  C. 

No.  43— Hampton,   Va, 
Gerstner   Field— Seventeen    miles    southeast    of 

Lake  Charles,  La. 
Getty.  Fort— Near  Newport.  R.  I. 
Gibbon.  Fort— Near  Tanana,  Alaska. 
Gordon.     Camp — Thirteen    miles    northeast    of 

Atlanta,    Ga. 


Grant,  Camp— About  four  miles  south  of  Rock- 
ford.  111. 

Greble,   Fort— Five  miles  from  Newport.  R.  I. 
Greene,   Camp— Two  and  a  half  miles  west  of 

Charlotte.   N.  C. 

Greenleaf.  Camp— Ten  miles  southeast  of  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 
Hachita.    N.   M.— Twenty-five   miles     west      of 

Hermanas.   N.  M. 
Hamilton,  Fort — Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Hancock,  Camp — Wheless,  Ga. 
Hancock,     Fort— Four     miles     from     Highland 

Beach.  N.  J. 
Harrison,  Benjamin,  Fort— Ten  miles  northeast 

of   Indianapolis,   Ind. 
Harrison,  William  Henry.  Fort— Six  miles  west 

of   Helena,   Mont. 
Hawaiian  Department — All  posts  on  island  of 

Oahu. 

Hawaii  Arsenal. 

Honolulu.  Headquarters. 

De  RuBsy,  Fort. 

Ford's  Island. 

Kamehameha,  Fort. 

Ruger,  Fort. 

Schofield  Barracks. 

Shafter,  Fort. 

Hazelhurst  Field— Mineola,  L.  I. 
Heath.  Fort— Near  Highlands.  Mass. 
Holabird,  Camp — About  five  miles  southeast  of 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Houston.  Sam.  Fort — Near  San  Antonio.  Tex. 
Howard.    Fort— Seventeen    miles    southeast    of 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Huachuca.  Fort — Arizona,  near  southern  border. 
Humphreys,  A.  A.,  Camp— Fifteen  miles  south- 
west of  Washington,  D.  C. 
Hunt,  Fort— Eleven  and  a  half  miles  south  of 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Jacinto.  Fort— Galveston,  Tex. 
Jackson,    Camp — Six    miles   east   of   Columbia. 

S.  C. 
Jackson  Barracks— Six  miles  southeast  of  New 

Orleans,    La. 

Jackson.  Fort— (Subpost  of  Jackson  Barracks). 
Jay.   Fort— Governors  Island.  N.  Y. 
Jefferson    Barracks — Thirteen    miles    south    of 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Jesup,  Camp — Three  and  a  half  miles  south  of 

Atlanta,  Ga. 
Johnston,  Joseph  E.,  Camp— Twelve  miles  from 

Jacksonville,  Fla. 
Kearny,    Camp— Fifteen    miles    north    of    San 

Kearny.'   Philip,    Fort— Thirty   miles   south    of 

Providence,   R.  I. 
Kelly  Field— Five  miles  south  of  San  Antonio, 

Tex 
Keough,  Fort— Two  miles  south  of  Miles  City, 

Mont. 

Key  West  Barracks— Key  West,  Fla. 
Knox,    Henry,    Camp— Thirty-one    miles    south* 

west  of  Louisville,  Ky. 
Langley  Field — Hampton,   Va. 
Lawton,     Fort— Six     miles     south     of     Seattle. 

Wash. 

Leavenworth,  Fort— Leavenworth,  Kas. 
Lee.    Camp — Three    miles    east    of    Petersburg, 

Va. 

Lee  Hall— Lee  Hall.  Va. 
Lewis,  Camp — American  Lake,  Wash. 
Levett,  Fort— Portland.  Me. 
Lincoln.    Fort — Four    miles    southeast    of    Bis- 
marck,  N.  D. 
Liscum.  Fort— Alaska. 
Logan,    Camp — Five    miles    west    of    Houston, 

Tex. 

Logan,  Fort— Near  Denver.  Col. 
Love  Field— Five  miles   north   of  Dallas.    Tex. 
Lyon.  Fort— Four  miles  from  Portland,  Me. 
MacArthur,  Camp — Waco,  Tex. 
MacArthur,   Fort— Near   San  Pedro,    Cal. 
McClellan.   Camp— Five  miles  north  of  Annis- 
ton.    Ala. 


478 


ALMANAC   AND    V  EAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


McDowell.   Fort— Seven  miles  from  San  Fran- 
cisco. Cal. 

McHenry.  Fort — Near  Baltimore.  Md. 

Mclntosh.  Fort— Near  Laredo.   Tex. 

Mackenzie.   Fort— Three   miles   from   Sheridan. 
Wyo. 

McKinley.  Fort— Five  miles  from  Portland.  Me. 

McPherson,    Fort— Three    miles    southeast    of 
Atlanta.   Ga. 

McRee,   Fort — Ten  miles  from  Pensacola.  Fla. 

Madison  Barracks— Sackett  Harbor,  N.  Y. 

Mansfield.    Fort— Seven    miles    from    Westerly. 
R.  I. 

March  Field— Ten  miles  southeast  of  Riverside. 
Cal. 

Marfa.  Camp— Marfa.  Tex. 

Mason,  Forl--San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Mather    Field— Thirteen    miles    east    of    Sacra- 
mento.  Cal. 

Meade.  Camp — Admiral.  Md. 

Meade.  Fort— Near  Sturgis,  S.  D. 

Meigs.  Camp— Washington,  D.  C. 

Merritt.     Camp — Fifteen     miles    northwest     of 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Michie.  Fort— Eleven  miles  from  New  London, 
Conn. 

Middletown— Middletown.  Pa. 

Miley.  Fort— San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Mills.   A.  L..   Camp— Near  Garden  City.   L.  I. 

Missoula— Four  miles  from  Missoula.  Mont. 

Mitchell  Field— Near   Garden  City.  L.  I. 

Monroe,  Fort — Point  Comfort,  Va. 

Morgan.  Fort— In  Mobile  bay.  Ala. 

Morrison.   Camp— Morrison.   Va. 

Mott.    Fort— Six   miles   from   Salem.    N.   J. 

Moultrie,     Fort — Six    miles    from    Charleston, 
S.  C, 

Myer,    Fort— Four  miles  west   of   Washington. 
D.   C. 

New  York  Arsenal— On  Governors  island,  N.Y. 

Niagara,  Fort — On  Lake  Ontario,  mouth  of  Ni- 
agara river. 

Nogales — Southern  Arizona. 

Normoyle.  Camp — San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Oglethorpe.  Fort— Eight  miles  south  of  Chatta- 
nooga. Tenn. 

Omaha.  Fort— Five  miles  from  Omaha,  Neb. 

Ontario.  Fort— Oswego.  N.  Y. 

Panama  Canal  Zone — Amador.  Fort. 
Ancon. 
Balboa. 
Chagres. 
Corozal. 
Cristobal. 
De  Lesseps,  Fort. 
Empire. 
France  Field. 
Gaillard,  Camp. 
Gatun. 
Grant,  Fort. 
Pedro  Miguel. 

§uarry   Heights, 
andolph.   Fort. 

Sherman.  Fort. 
Park  Field— Millington,  Tenn. 
Payne  Field — Four  and  a  half  miles  north  of 

West  Point,  Miss. 
Philadelphia  General  Supply  Depot— 2620  Gray's 

Ferry  road,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Philippine  Department— Manila.  P.  I. 

Cuartel  de  Espana. 

Santiago,  Fort. 

Drum,   Fort. 

Eldridge.   Camp. 

Frank.  Fort. 

Hay.  John.  Camp. 

Hughes,   Fort. 

Mills,    Fort. 

McGrath,  Camp. 

McKinley,  William.  Fort. 

Nicholls,  Camp. 

Petit  Barracks. 

Stotsenberg,  Camp. 

Tientsin.  China. 

Wint.  Fort. 


Picatinny  Arsenal — Five  miles  from  Dover.  Del. 

Pickens.  Fort — Fort  Barrancas,  Fla. 

Pig  point  General  Supply  Ordnance  Department 

— Near  Newport  News.  Va. 
Pike.    Camp — Eight  miles  northwest   of   Little 

Rock.  Ark. 

Plattsburg  Barracks— Platt  sburg.  N.  Y. 
Polk.  Camp— Raleigh.  N.  C. 
Porter,  Fort— Three  miles  from  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Porto  Rico — San  Juan. 

Las  Casas,  Camp. 

San  Juan.  Fort. 
Post  Field— Fort  Sill.  Okla. 
Prebel.  Fort— Three  miles  from  Portland.  Me. 
Presidio  of  Monterey — Monterey.  Cal. 
Presidio  of  San  Francisco— San  Francisco.  Cal. 
Raritan  Arsenal— Near  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
Reno.  Fort — Fort  Reno.  Okla. 
Revere.  Fort— Nine  miles  from  Boston. 
Rich  Field— Waco.  Tex. 
Riley.  Fort— Near  Junction  City.  Kas. 
Ringgold,  Fort — Near  Mission.  Tex. 
Robinson.  Camp— Five  miles  from  Sparta,  Wis. 
Robinson.  Fort — Fort  Robinson.  Neb. 
Rock  Island  Arsenal— Near  Rock  Island,   111. 
Rockwell  Field— Near  San  Diego.  Cal. 
Rodman.  Fort— Four  miles  from  New  Bedford, 

Mass. 
Roots.    Logan    H.— Four   miles   east    of    Little 

Rock.  Ark. 
Rosecrans,    Fort— Six   miles    from    San    Diego. 

Cal. 

Russell.  D.  A.  Fort— Near  Cheyenne.  Wyo. 
St.  Michael.   Fort— Alaska. 
St.  Philip.  Fort— Fort  St.  Philip,  La. 
San  Antonio  Arsenal — San  Antonio.  Tex. 
Sandy    Hook    Proving     Ground— Sandy     Hook. 

N.  J. 

San  Jacinto.  Fort— ^alveston.  Tex. 
Saulsbury,  Fort — Six  and  a  half  miles  east  of 

Milford,  Del. 
Schuyler.  Fort— Three  miles  from  Winchester. 

Scott  Field— Belleville.  111. 

Scott.  Winfield.  Fort— San  Francisco  bay.  Cali- 
fornia. 

Screven.  Fort — Six  miles  east  of  Savannah.  Ga. 

Selfridge  Field— Mount  Clemens.  Mich. 

Sevier,  Camp — About  six  and  a  half  miles  from 
Greenville.  S.  C. 

Seward.  William  H.— Alaska. 

Shelby.  Camp— Ten  and  a  half  miles  south  of 
Hattiesburg.  Miss. 

Sheridan.  Camp — Near  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Sheridan.  Fort— Fort  Sheridan.  111. 

I  Sherman,  Camp — Three  miles  from  Chillicothe. 
Ohio. 

Sill.  Fort— Fort  Sill.  Okla. 
Slocum.    Fort— Near  New   Rochelle.    N.   Y. 
Smallwood.    Fort— Eleven    miles    southeast    of 

Baltimore.  Md. 

Snelling.  Fort— Near  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
Souther  Field — Four  miles  north  of  Americus. 

Fla. 

Springfield  Armory— Near  Springfield.  Mass. 
Standish,  Fort — Seven  miles  from  Boston. 
Stanley,   Camp — Near  Leon  Springs.  Tex. 
Stark.    Fort— Three    miles    from    Portsmouth. 

N.  H. 
Stevens.    Fort— At   mouth    of    Columbia    river. 

Oregon. 

Story.   Fort— Cape  Henry.   Va. 
Strong.  Fort — In   Boston  harbor. 
Sumter.  Fort— Moultrieville.  S.  C. 
Taliaferro  Field— Fourteen  miles  north  of  Fort 

Worth.  Tex. 
Taylor.    Zachary.    Camp— Five    miles   south    of 

Louisville,  Ky. 
Taylor    Field  —  Eighteen    miles    southeast    of 

Montgomery,  Ala. 
Taylor,  Fort— Key  West.  Fla. 
Terry.  Fort — In  Long  Island  sound. 
Thomas.   Fort— Newport.  Ky. 
Tilden,  Fort— Near  Rockaway  Park.  L.  I. 
Totten.  Fort— Two  miles  from  Whitestone.  N.Y. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Travis.  Camp — Three  miles  from  San  An- 
tonio, Tex. 

Travis,  Fort— Seven  miles  from  Galveston,  Tex. 

Upton.  Camp— Long-  Island,  N.  Y. 

Vail,  Alfred,  Camp — Four  miles  northwest  of 
Long1  Branch,  N.  J. 

Valdez— Alaska. 

Vancouver    Barracks— Vancouver.   Wash. 

Wadsworth,  Camp— Calvert,   S.  C. 

Wadsworth,  Fort— Staten  Island.  N.  Y. 

Ward,  Fort— Nine  miles  west  of  Seattle,  Wash. 

Warren,    Fort — Seven   miles    from   Boston. 

Washington  Barracks— Washington,   D.  C. 

Washington,  Fort— Twelve  miles  south  of 
Washington.  D.  C. 

Watertown  Arsenal— Watertown,    Mass. 

Watervliet   Arsenal— Watervliet,   N.  Y. 


Wayne.    Fort— Near  Detroit.   Mich 
West  Point— West   Point.   N.  Y. 
Wetherill.  Fort— Near  Newport.  R.  I. 
Wheeler,    Camp— Seven     miles     southeast      of 

Macon,   Ga. 

Whitman,   Fort — LaConner,    Wash. 
Williams,  Fort— Four  miles  from  Portland,  Me 
Wingate,   Fort— Gallup,   N.  M. 
Wise.  John.  Camp— Near  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
Wood,    Fort— New   York   harbor. 
Wool.  Fort — Fort  Monroe,  Va. 
Worden,  Fort— Puget  Sound,  Wash. 
Wright,     George,    Fort— Four    miles    west    of 

Spokane.  Wash. 
Wright,    H.   G.,   Fort— Eight   miles   from    New 

London,   Conn. 
Wright,   Wilbur,   Field— Fairfield,   O. 


ORGANIZATION    OF    AMERICAN    EXPEDITIONARY  FORCE. 

[From  chart  prepared  by  military  intelligence  section,  general  staff.] 
COMMANDER  AND  STAFF. 
Commander-in-Chief-^Gen.  _John_J.    Pershing. 


Chief  of  Staff—  Maj.  -Gens.  J.  G.  Harbord  and  J. 

Secretary  of  General  Staff—  Brig.-Gen.  F.  R.  Mc- 
Coy. Lieut.-Cols.  J.  L.  Collins,  T.  W.  Ham- 
mond and  A.  S.  Kuegle  (temp.) 

Deputy   Chief    of    Staff—  Brig.-Gen.   LeRoy   El- 

G-l.    Wholesaler—  Col.    James    A.    Logan.    Jr.. 

Brig.-G«n.  Avery  D.  Andrews.  Col.  C.  S.  Lin- 

coln. 
G-2.    Information    about    Enemy  —  Brig.-Gen. 

Dennis  E.  Nolan. 
G-3.    Operations  —  Cols.  John  McA.  Palmer  and 

Kirby  Walter    (acting-).  Brig-.-Gens.  Fox  Con- 

ner and  LeRoy  Eltinge    (acting).  Col.  Upton 

Birnie    (acting). 
G-4.    Distributor—  Brig.-Gens.  W.  D.  Connor  and 

G.  V.  H.  Moseley,  Col.  H.  H.  White  (acting). 
G-5.    Training—  Brig-.-Gens.  Paul  B.  Malone  and 

H.  B.  Fiske. 
Arms   Having    Large    Reserve   Directly    Under 

G.  H.  Q. 

Chief  of  Artillery—  Maj.  -Gen.  Ernest  Hinds. 
Chief      of     Air     Service—  Brig-.-Gens.      William 

Mitchell.    B.    D.    Foulois    and   W.   L.   Kenly. 

Maj.  -Gen.  Mason  M.  Patrick. 
Chief  of  Tank  Corps—  Brig.-Gen.  S.  D.  Rocken- 

bach. 

Administration  and  Records. 
Commanding  General.  Service  of  Supply—  Brig.- 

Gen.  R.  M.  Blatchford.  Maj.-Gens.  F.  J.  Ker- 

nan  and  J.  G.  Harbord. 
Provost  Marshal  General.  Military  Police—  Maj.- 

Gen.    H.    E.    Ely.    Brig.-Gen.    W.    H.    Allaire. 

Lieut.  -Col.  John  S.  Groome.  Brig.-Gen.  H.  H. 

Bandholtz. 

Judge  Advocate—  Brig.-Gen.  W.  A.  Bethel. 
Inspector   General.   Investigation—  Maj  .-Gen.  A. 

W.  Brewster. 
Adjutant     General.    Records.    Personnel—  Brig.- 

Gens.  Benjamin  Alvord  and  R.  C.  Davis. 

Service  of  Supply. 
G-l.    Service  of  Supply—  Brig.-Gen.  A.  D.  An- 

drews, Col.  James  B.  Cavanaugh. 
G-4.    Service     of     Supply  —  Cols.     Henry     C. 

Smither,  J.  C.  Rhea  and  D.  E.  McCarthy. 
Chemical    Warfare     Service—  Brig.-Gen.    A.     A. 

Fries,  Col.  Edward  N.  Johnston. 
Medical  Department  —  Brig.-Gen.  A.  E.  Bradley, 

Maj.  -Gen.    M.    W.    Ireland,    Brig.-Gen.    W.   C. 

McCaw. 
Corps  of   Engineers  —  Brig.-Gen.  Harry  A.  Tay- 

lor,  Maj.-Gen.  William  C.  Langfitt. 
Ordnance    Department—  Mai.  -Gen.    C.     C.     Wil- 

liams. Brig.-Gens.  C.  B.  Wheeler  and  John  H. 

Rice. 

Signal  Corps  —  Brig.-Gen.  Edgar  Russell. 
General  Purchasing  Agent—  Brig-Gen.  Charles  G. 
Dawes. 


. 

Remounts—  Cols.     Lawrence 
Frank  S.  Armstrong. 


J.     Fleming     and 


.  . 

Quartermaster    Department  —  Maj.-Gen.     H.     L. 


Rogers    Brig.-Gen.  John  M.  Carson.  Col.  John 
T.  Knight. 


Air  Service  (Supply)—  Brig.-Gens.  William 
Mitchell.  B.  D.  Foulois  and  W.  L.  Kenlv. 
Maj.-Gen.  Mason  M.  Patrick. 

Department  of  Light  Railways  and  Roads— 
Brig  -Gen.  Charles  H.  McKinstry.  Col.  Edward 
M.  Markham  (office  transferred  to  Depart- 
ment of  Construction  and  Forestry  —  Gen.  Jad- 

Renting.  Requisition  and  Claims—  Cols.  John  A. 


en 
H 


Requisi 

ull  and  Blanton  Winship. 
Transportation  Corps—  Brig.-Gen.  W.  W.  Atter- 

bury. 

Motor  Transport  Corps—  Col.  F.  W.  Pope.  Brig.- 
Gen.  M.  L.  Walker. 

ARMY.  CORPS  AND  DIVISION 

COMMANDERS. 

Dates  are  1918  where  not  otherwise  noted 
The  generals  whose  names  appear  last  under 
each  corps  or  division,  where  the  date  is  fol- 
lowed by  an  asterisk  (•).  were  in  command 
when  hostilities  ceased  Nov.  11.  1918. 


Armies. 


Gen.  Hunter  Liggett;  Lieut" 

Corps. 
1st   Corps—  Maj.-Gen.  Hunter  Liggett.  Jan.   20. 

1918-Oct.     11.    1918:    Maj.-Gen.    Joseph    T 

Dickman.  Oct.   12.   1918.* 

2d  Corps—  Maj.-Gen.  George  W.  Read.  June  12  * 
3d  Corps—  Maj.-Gen.   William  M.  Wright.   June 

17-July  11;  Maj.-Gen.  Robert  L.  Bullard   July 

14-Oct.    11;    Maj.-Gen.   John  L.    Hines,    Oct. 

4th  'Corps—  Maj.-Gen.  John  T.  Dickman.  Aug 
18-Oct.  11;  Maj.-Gen.  Charles  H.  Muir,  Oct. 

5th~  Corps—  Maj.-Gen.  William  M.  Wright.  July 
10-Aug.  18;  Maj.-Gen.  George  H.  Cameron. 
Aug.  21-Oct.  11;  Maj.-Gen.  Ch 


merall,  Oct.  18. 


arles  P.  Sum- 


. 

6th  Corps—  Maj.-Gen.  Omar  Bun 
ept.  12:  Maj.-Gen.  Charles  C 
3-Nov.  9:  Maj.-Gen.  Charles 


.    27- 
Oct. 
Menoher. 

I.  Wright.  Aug. 
undy.  Sept.  13- 


undy.  Aug 
C.  Ballou. 
es  T.  Me 


Nov.  10-11. 
7th  Corps— Maj.-Gen.  William 

22-Sept.  4;  Mai-Gen.  Omar 

Oct.  24. 

Divisions. 
1st  Division— Maj.-Gen.  William  L.  Sibert. 

25-Dec.    12.    1917:  Maj.-Gen.  Robert  L. 

lard.  Dec.  13.  1917-June  30.  1918:  Maj. 

Charles   P.    Summerall,    July   1-July  6'   " 

Gen.  Robert  L.  Bullard.  July  7-July  17; 


2d  Division— Maj. -Geu  Omar  Bundy.  Oct.  25. 
1917-June  30.  1918:  Mai.-Gen.  James  Har- 
bord, July  1-July  5;  Maj.-Gen.  Omar  Bundy. 


180 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


July  6- July  19;  Maj.-Gen.  James  Harbord. 
July  20-Aug.  2;  Brig. -Gen.  John  A.  Le  Jeune, 
Aug.  3,  1918.*  (Promoted  to  major-general 
Aug.  31.  1918.) 

3d  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Joseph  T.  Dickman, 
March  30.  1917-Aug.  23.  1918;  Brig.-Gen. 
Fred  W.  Sladen,  Aug.  24-Aug.  30.  1918  (di- 
vision, in  reserve) ;  Maj.-Gen.  Beaumont  Buck. 
Aug.  31-Oct.  17.  1918;  Briff.-Gen.  P.  Brown, 
Oct.  18.* 

4th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  George  H.  Cameron. 
May  25-Aug.  23,  1918;  Brig.-Gen.  Benjamin 
A.  Poore.  Aug.  24-Aug.  30,  (Division  in 
reserve.)  Maj.-Gen.  John  L.  Hines,  Aug.  31- 
Oct.  11;  Maj.-Gen.  George  H.  Cameron.  Oct.. 
12-Oct.  24;  Brig.-Gen.  Benjamin  A.  Poore, 
Oct.  23-Oct.  30  (division  in  reserve)  ;  Maj.- 
Gen.  Mark  L.  Mersey.  Oct.  31.*  (Division  in 
reserve.) 

5th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  John  E.  McMahon, 
April  9-Oct.  17.  1918;  Maj.-Gen.  Hanson  E. 
Ely.  Oct.  18.* 

6th  Division— Brig.-Gen.  James  B.  Erwin,  July 
18-July  31.  1918  (division  not  in  line)  ; 
Maj.-Gen.  Walter  H.  Gordon,  Aug.  1.* 

7th  Division— Brig.-Gen.  Charles  H.  Earth,  Aug 
17-Oct.  24,  191 S;  Brig.-Gen.  Lutz  Wahl.  Oct. 
25-Oct.  26;  Maj.-Gen.  Edmund  Wittenmeyer, 

26th  "Division— Maj.-Gen.  Clarence  B.  Edwards, 
Dec.  8.  1917-Oct.  24.  1918;  Brig.-Gen.  Frank 
E.  Bamford,  Oct.  25.* 

27th  Division— Mai. -Gen.  John  F.  O'Byan.  May 

28th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Charles  H.  Muir,  May 
18-Oct.  25;  Maj.-Gen.  William  H.  Hay.  Oct. 
26.* 

29th    Division— Maj.-Gen.    Charles    G.    Morton, 

30th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  George  W.  Bead.  May 
24-June  28.  1918  (division  not  in  line) ; 
Maj.-Gen.  Edward  M.  Lewis.  June  25-July  5. 
1918  (division  not  in  line)  :  Brig.-Gen.  Sam- 
son L.  Falcon,  July  6-20;  Maj.-Gen.  Edward 


M.  Lewis.  July 


32d  Division— Maj.-Gen.  William  G.  Haan,  Feb 
1(3.* 

33d  Division— Maj.-Gen.  George  Bell.  Jr..  May 
25  1918  * 

35th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  William  M.  Wright. 
May  4.  191b-June  21.  1918  (division  not  in 
line)  ;  Biig.-Oten.  Nathaniel  F.  McCiure.  June 
22-28  (division  not  in  line)  ;  Maj.-Gen.  Peter 
E.  Traub.  June  29-July  5;  Brig.-Gen.  Na- 
thaniel F.  McCiure,  July  6-July  19;  Maj.-Gen. 
Peter  E.  Trauu.  July  20.* 

36th  Division— Maj. -Gen.  William  B,.  Smith, 
Aug.  3.  1918.* 

37th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Charles  S.  Farns- 
worth.  July  6.  1918. 

42d  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Charles  T.  Menoher. 
Nov.  1.  1917-Noy.  4,  1918. 

77th  Division — Brig.-Gen.  Evan  M.  Johnson, 
April  19-May  25.  1918  (division  not  in 
line);  Maj.-Gen.  George  B.  Duncan,  May  26- 
Aug.  23,  1918;  Brig.-Gen.  Evan  M.  Johnson, 
Aug.  24-Sept.  6;  Maj.-Gen.  Bobert  Alexander. 
Sept.  7.* 

78th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  James  H.  McBae.  Mas 
25.  1918.* 

79th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  J.  E.  Kuhn.  July  28.* 

80th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Adelbert  Cronkhite, 
June  22,  1918.* 

81st  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Charles  J.  Bailey. 
Sept.  7.  1918.* 

82d  Division— Maj.-Gen.  William  P.  Burnham. 
May  17-Oct.  14,  1918;  Maj.-Gen.  George  B. 
Duncan  Oct.  15.* 

88th  Division— Brig.-Gen.  William  D.  Beach. 
Aug.  16-Nov.  4.  1918;  Maj.-Gen.  William 
Weigel,  Nov.  5.*  (Division  not  in  line.) 

89th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Frank  L.  Winn.  July 
13-Sept.  30:  Maj.-Gen.  William  M.  Wright. 
Oct  1  * 

90th  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Henry  T.  Allen.  July 
6,  1918.* 

91st  Division— Maj.-Gen.  William  H.  Johnston. 
Aug.  31.* 

92d  Division— Maj.-Gen.  Charles  G.  Ballou. 
July  6.* 


ARMY   ORGANIZATION. 


When  the  United  States  entered  the  Euro- 
pean war  the  army  was  entirely  reorganized 
to  conform  to  modern  conditions  of  warfare. 
The  number  of  men  in  each  infantry  regi- 
ment was  increased,  for  example,  to  3,500  men 
or  more  and  that  of  an  infantry  division  to 
more  than  27,000  men.  The  new  organiza- 
tion has  been  retained  both  in  respect  to  the 
regular  army  and  the  national  guard.  Details 
of  this  organization  follow: 

Strength  of  Infantry  Regiment. 

At   maximum  strength  an  infantry  regiment 
comprises   103   officers   and  3,652   men.      It   is 
made  up  as  follows,   the  figures  including  of- 
ficers   and   men : 
1  headcrJarters  and  headquarters  company    303 

3  battalions  of  4  rifle  companies  each 3,078 

1    supply    company 140 

1  machine  gun  company 178 

1   medical  detachment 56 

3,755 

Each  rifle  company  has   a  strength   of   250 
men  and  6  officers.     It  is  composed  of  a  com- 
pany   headquarters    (2    officers    and    18    men) 
and  four  platoons.     Each  platoon  includes: 
1    headquarters    2 

1  section  bombers  and  rifle  grenadiers 22 

2  sections  riflemen,    12  each 24 

1  section  auto  riflemen   (4  guns) 11 

59 

The  machine  gun  company  has  6  officers 
and  172  men.  It  consists  of  the  headquarters 
(8  officers  and  21  men),  3  platoons  (each 
with  1  officer  and  46  men),  and  a  train  (13 
men).  Its  armament  is  12  machine  guns  of 
heavy  type  and  4  spare  guns. 

Transportation  and  Equipment. 
The    transportation    equipment    of   the   regi- 


ment is:  22  combat  wagons,  16  rolling  kitch- 
ens, 22  baggage  and  ration  wagons,  16  ration 
carts.  15  water  carts,  3  medical  carts,  24  ma- 
chine gun  carts,  59  riding  horses,  8  riding 
mules,  332  draft  mules,  2  motorcycles  with 
side  cars,  1  motor  car,  42  bicycles. 

Fighting  equipment  for  each  regiment,  in 
addition  to  the  usual  rifles,  bayonets,  pistols, 
etc.,  includes  480  trench  knives  (40  to  each 
company),  192  automatic  rifles  (16  to  each 
company),  and  3  one-pounder  cannon  manned 
by  the  one-pounder  cannon  platoon  of  the 
regimental  headquarters  company. 

Headquarters  Company. 

Each  regimental  headquarters  company  is 
made  up  of  7  officers  and  294  men,  as  f  ollowe : 

One  headquarters  platoon  (93  officers  and 
men)  including  1  staff  section  (36  officers  and 
men),  1  orderlies  section  (29  men),  1  band 
section  (28  men). 

One  signal  platoon  (77  officers  and  men) 
including  1  telephone  section  (51  men),  1  sec- 
tipn  with  headquarters  (10  men),  1  section 
with  3  battalions  (16  officers  and  men). 

One  sappers'  and  bombers'  platopn  (43  offi- 
cers and  men)  including  1  section  sappers 
(9  men)  for  dig-ging  and  special  work,  1  sec- 
tion bombers  (34  officers  and  men). 

One  pioneer  platoon  (55  officers  and  men) 
for  engineer  work. 

One  one-pounder  cannon  platoon  (33  officers 
and  men). 

Infantry  Divisions. 

The  following  summary  of  the  organization 
of  an  infantry  division  completes  the  general 
outline  of  organization  of  the  United  States 
army  for  service  in  Europe.  The  figures  are 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOB  1920. 


481 


the  total  of  officers  and  men  for  each  entry. 

Each  infantry  division  comprises: 

1  division   headquarters    164 

1  machine  sun  battalion  of  4  companies      768 

2  infantry    brigades,    each    composed    of 
2   infantry  regiments   and  1   machine 

gun  battalion  of  3  companies 16.420 

1  field   artillery  brigade  composed  of  3 

field  artillery  regiments  and  1  trench 

/         mortar    battery    5,068 

1  field  signal  battalion 262 

1  regiment  of  engineers 1,666 

1  train  headquarters  and  military  police 

1  ammunition   train   962 

1  supply  train  472 

1  engineer  train   84 

1  sanitary    train    composed    of    4    field 

hospital  companies  and  4  ambulance 

companies   940 


27,152 

Artillery  and  Machine  Gun  Strength. 
The  new  organization  increases  the  ratio  of 
artillery    and    machine    gun    strength    of    in- 
fantry.   In  place  of  the  old  division  of  three 


brigades  with  three  infantry  regiments  in  each 
are  two  brigades  with  two  infantry  regiments 
in  each.  But  in  the  new  as  in  the  old  organ- 
ization there  are  three  regiments  of  field  artil- 
lery in  each  division,  making  the  ratio  of  artil- 
lery to  infantry  regiments  three  to  four,  in 
place  of  three  to  nine.  A  trench  mortar  bat- 
tery, added  to  the  artillery  brigade,  and  a  one- 
pounder  platoon,  attached  to  each  infantry 
regiment  headquarters  company,  adds  to  the 
gun  strength  of  the  division. 

A  division  now  includes  a  total  of  fourteen 
machine  gun  companies.  Each  of  the  four 
infantry  regiments  has  one;  each  of  the  two 
brigades  has  a  machine  gua  battalion  of  three 
companies  and  the  division  has  a  machine  gun 
battalion  of  four  companies.  This  gives  each 
division  a  mobile  machine  gun  strength  of  ten 
companies,  which  can  be  used  as  special  needs 
require,  while  each  regiment  still  has  its 
own  machine  gun  equipment  in  one  of  its 
component  companies.  And,  in  addition,  there 
are  forty-eight  sections  of  auto-riflemen,  each 
section  carrying  four  light  machine  guns  (au- 
tomatic rifles),  one  section  in  each  of  the 
four  platoons  making  up  each  rifle  company. 


REORGANIZATION   OF   THE   NATIONAL    GUARD. 


The  national  guard  of  the  United  States  was 
reorganized    in    1919    on    a    sixteen    division 
basis    in    accordance    with    plans    approved    by 
Secretary  of  War  Baker  on  July  16.     In  a  cir- 
cular letter  giving  the  details  of  the  reorgan- 
ization Maj.-Gen.  J.  Mel.  Carter,  chief  of  the, 
militia    bureau,    said  that   the   national  guard  I 
which  existed  prior  to  the  war  with  the  cen- 
tral   European    powers   was   drafted    into    the 
federal  service  and  "after  performing-  its  duty 
with   great  honor  and   fidelity"   had  been  dis- 
charged from  its  obligation  and  the  time  had 
arrived   for   its   reorganization  under  the  pro- 
visions   of    law.      The    infantry  divisional  dis- 
tricts,   which    are    substantially    the    same    as 
those  in  which  the  national  guard  was  formed 
for  service  in  the  United  States  army,  are: 
51 — 'Maine.    New    Hampshire.    Vermont.   Massa- 
chusetts. Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut. 
52— New  York. 
53 — Pennsylvania. 
54 — New   Jersey,    Delaware.   Maryland,   District 

of   Columbia  and  Virginia. 

55 — North  Carolina.    South  Carolina   and  Ten- 
nessee. 

56— Alabama.    Georgia  and  Florida. 
57 — Arkansas.    Louisiana    and  Mississippi. 
58— Ohio. 

59— Indiana,  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia. 
60 — Illinois. 

61 — Mjchigan  and  Wisconsin. 
62 — Minnesota.   Nebraska  and  Iowa. 
63 — Kansas   and   Missouri. 
64— Texas  and  Oklahoma. 

65 — California.    Utah.    Nevada.    Colorado.    Ari- 
zona and  New  Mexico. 

66— North    Dakota.     South    Dakota,    Montana. 
Idaho.  Wyoming,  Washington  and  Oregon. 
There    is    one    cavalry    division    of    the    na- 
tional   guard.      It    is    assigned    to    the   entire 
United  States  at  large. 

The  plan  as  further  outlined  in  Maj-Gen. 
Carter's  circular  provides: 

"In  accordance  with  the  act  of  June  3. 
1916.  as  amended  by  the  act  of  July  11.  1919. 
the  total  strength  of  the  national  guard  is  to 
be  obtained  in  annual  increments,  commenc- 
ing with  200  men  for  each  senator  and  rep- 
resentative in  congress  and  increasing  each 
year  by  not  less  than  fifty  per  centum  until  a 
total  peace  strength  of  800  enlisted  men  for 
the  above  representation  has  been  reached. 

"The  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the 
national  guard  for  the  fiscal  year  1920  is 
based  on  200  enlisted  men  for  each  senator 
and  representative  in  congress,  and  provides 
lor  the  maintenance  of  a  total  of  106.200  en- 


listed men.  who  have  been  prorated  on  this 
basis  to  the  states  and  territories  of  the 
United  States.  The  militia  bureau  in  desig- 
nating the  number  and  kind  of  national  guard 
units  to  be  organized  by  the  several  states 
has  been  guided  by  the  necessity  of  forming 
larger  units,  useful  in  the  event  of  a  federal 
emergency,  while  at  the  same  time  consider- 
ing the  interests  of  the  states  by  providing 
for  them  a  force  capable  of  maintaining  law 
and  order. 

"The  plan  comprising  sixteen  infantry  di- 
visions and  one  cavalry  division  cannot  be 
completely  realized  during  the  fiscal  year  1920 
owing  to  the  limitation  of  existing  appropri- 
ations, but  the  organization  of  the  national 
guard  will  be  such  as  to  form  the  necessary 
units  for  eight  partially  complete  infantry 
divisions  and  one  skeleton  cavalry  division 
which  could  be  mobilized  in  an  emergency  by 
a  combination  of  national  guard  districts. 

"The  secretary  of  war  has  decided  that  the 
fine  services  of  the  national  guard  divisions 
in  the  world  war  should  receive  the  greatest 
recognition  that  it  is  possible  to  accord  them. 
Their  services  and  fine  records  are  a  national 
asset  and  the  recogrv.tion  accorded  them  should 
be  of  the  same  character.  As  a  part  of  the 
army  of  the  United  States  they  won  many  of 
the  laurels  of  that  army.  It  has.  therefore, 
been  decided  to  perpetuate  as  many  as  possi- 
ble of  the  natior-al  guard  and  national  army 
units  which  took  part  in  the  war  with  Ger- 
many by  continuing  their  designations  in  the 
permanent  military  establishment  and  in  such 
a  manner  as  to  give  representation  to  every 
state.  Those  divisions  which  cannot  be  in- 
corporated in  the  permanent  military  estab- 
lishment will  be  perpetuated  by  announcing 
them  as  reserve  divisions,  to  be  organized 
whenever  a  national  emergency  should  require. 

"You  are  therefore  informed  that  designa- 
tions other  than  those  used  in  the  war  with 
Germany  will  be  selected  for  all  new  national 
guard  divisions,  and  the  units  which  compose 
them." 

UNITS  ASSIGNED  TO  STATES. 

Alabama — 2  companies  coast  artillery.  1  regi- 
ment infantry.  1  squadron  cavalry,  1  ma- 
chine gun  troop.  1  battalion  field  artillery. 
1  signal  company  (radio),  1  ambulance 
company. 

Arizona— 1  squadron  cavalry,  1  battalion  field 
artillery. 

Arkansas — 1  regiment  infantry.  1  battalion 
engineers,  1  ambulance  company 


482 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


California — 8  companies  coast  artillery,  1  regi- 
ment infantry,  1  battalion  field  artillery. 
1  battalion  engineers.  1  signal  company 
(radio).  1  field  hospital  company.  1  ambu- 
lance company.  2  troops  cavalry. 

Colorado — 1  regiment  infantry,  1  troop  cav- 
alry. 1  battalion  field  artillery.  1  company 
engineers,  1  signal  company  (outposts),  1 
engineer  train.  1  ambulance  company. 

Connecticut— 6  companies  coast  artillery,  1  bat- 
talion infantry,  2  troops,  cavalry.  1  battalion 
field  artillery.  1  ambulance  company. 

Delaware— 2  companies  coast  artillery,  1  bat- 
talion infantry. 

District  of  Columbia — 1  battalion  and  2  com- 
panies infantry.  1  battery  field  artillery.  1 
signal  company  (outposts).  1  headquarters 
company  infantry. 

Florida — 2  companies  coast  artillery.  2  bat- 
talions infantry,  1  machine  gun  company. 


Georgia- 


companies    coast    artillery,    1    regi- 


tment   and   1   battalion   infantry,    1    squadron 
cavalry,    1    battalion    field    artillery,    1    com 
pany  engineers,   1  field  hospital  company. 
Hawaii — 2  companies  coast   artillery,   1  battal 
ion    infantry,    1.  machine    gun   company,    '. 
supply  company. 
Idaho— 1    battalion    infantry.    1    machine   gun 

company,  1  company  engineers. 
Illinois — 3  regiments  infantry,  1  squadron  cay 
airy,   1   regiment   and  1  battalion  field  artil 
Icry,  1  battalion  engineers.  1  signal  company 
(wire).    1    engineer    train,    2    field    hospita 
companies,  2  ambulance  companies. 
Indiana — 1  regiment  infantry,   1  squadron  cav 
airy,    1    regiment   field   artillery.    1   battalion 
engineers.   1   signal  company    (radio).  1  field 
hospital   company,    1    ambulance   company. 
Iowa — 1    regiment    infantry,    1    squadron    cav 
airy,   1  machine  gun  troop,   1  battalion  ficlc 
artillery.    1   battalion  engineers,    1-  field  hos- 
pital  company,    1    ambulance    company. 
Kansas — 1    regiment   infantry.    1   squadron  cav- 
alry, 1  battalion  field  artillery.  1  signal  com- 
pany   (outpost),    1    engineers'    train.    1    field 
hospital  company,  1  ambulance  company. 
Kentucky — 1    regiment    and   1    battalion    infan- 
try.    1     squadron    cavalry,     1     machine    gun 
troop.  1  battalion  field  artillery.  1  field  hos- 
pital company,  1  ambulance  company. 
Louisiana — 1     regiment    infantry.     1    battalion 
field   artillery,    1    signal  -  company    (wire)    1 
field   hospital  company. 
Maine— 1    regiment  infantry. 
Maryland — 1    regiment    infantry,    2    battalions 

field  artillery,  1  field  hospital  company. 
Massachusetts— 8  companies  coast  artillery.  1 
regiment  infantry.  2  troops  cavalry,  1  regi- 
ment field  artillery,  1  battalion  engineers,  1 
signal  company  (wire),  1  engineer  train,  1 
field  hospital  company,  1  ambulance  com- 
pany. 

Michigan — 1  regiment  infantry,  1  squadron 
cavalry,  1  regiment  field  artillery,  2  com- 
panies engineers.  1  signal  company  (radio). 
1  field  hospital  company.  1  ambulance  com- 
pany. 

Minnesota — 2    regiments    infantry,    1    regiment 
field   artillery.    1    ambulance   company.    1   in- 
fantry regiment  to  be  converted  to  field  ar- 
tillery. 
Mississippi — 1    regiment    infantry,    1    battalion 

field  artillery.  2  troops  cavalry. 
Missouri — 2  regiments  infantry,  1  squadron 
cavalry.  1  regiment  field  artillery,  1  battal- 
ion engineers,  1  signal  company  (wire) ,  1 
field  hospital  company.  1  ambulance  com- 
pany. 

Montana— 2   battalions  infantry. 
Nebraska — 1   regiment   infantry,   1   signal  com- 
pany   (radio).  1  field  hospital  company. 
Nevada — 1    squadron  cavalry. 
New    Hampshire — 2    companies   coast    artillery, 
1   battalion  infantry.    1  battalion  field  artil- 
lery.   1    field  hospital  company. 
New  Jersey — 2  companies  coast  artillery,  1  reg- 
iment  infantry.    1    squadron   cavalry,    1    ma- 
chine gun  troop,   1  battalion  field  artillery, 


1     battalion     engineers,     1     signal    company 
(radio).   1   field   hospital  company. 
New   Mexico— 1    squadron   cavalry.    1    machine 

gun  troop,  1  battalion  field  artillery 
New  York— 12  companies  coast  artillery  4 
regiments  infantry.  1  squadron  cavalry,  1 
regiment. field  artillery,  1  regiment  engineers. 
1  field  signal  battalion.  1  engineers  train  1 
sanitary  train  complete. 

North  Carolina — 4  companies  coast  artillery  1 
regiment  infantry.  2  troops  cavalry,  1  bat- 
talion, field  artillery.  1  company  engineers. 
1  engineers  train.  1  field  hospital  company 
1  ambulance  company. 
North  Dakota— 1  regiment  infantry.  1  field 

hospital  company. 

Ohio— 2  regiments  infantry,  2  troops  cavalry 
1  regiment  imd  1  battalion  field  artillery  1 
battalion  engineers.  1  signal  company  (out- 
post). 1  signal  company  (wire).  2  field  hos- 
P'.tals,  2  ambulance  companies 
Oklahoma— 2  regiments  infantry,  1  battalion 
held  artillery  1  company  engineers.  1  signal 
company  (radio).  1  field  hospital  company 
Oregon — 4  companies  coast  artillery,  1  regi- 
ment infantry.  1  battery  field  artillery  1 
company  engineers.  1  ambulance  company 
1  troop  cavalry.  *">•.*• 

Pennsylvania— 4    regiments   infantry,    1   squad- 
ron cavalry,  1  regiment  fie:d  artillery,  1  bat- 
talion engineers,    1    field   signal   battalion     1 
engineers   train.  1  sanitary  train  complete 
Porto  Rico—  (Information  later.) 
Rhode  Island — (J    companies  coast   artillery     2 
troops   cavalry,    1    battery    field   artillery,'    1 
ambulance  company. 

South  Carolina— 2  companies  coast  artillery  1 
regiment  infantry,  1  company  engineers.  1 
field  hospital  company. 

South  Dakota— 1  regiment  infantry.  1  ambu- 
lance company. 

Tennessee— 1  regiment  and  1  battalion  infan- 
try, 2  troops  cavalry,  1  battalion  field  ar- 
tillery, 1  signal  company  (outposts),  1  am- 
bulance company. 

Texas— 3  regiments  infantry.   6  regiments  cav- 
alry.   1    regiment    field    artillery.    1    company 
engineers.    1   signal   company    (wire),    1   field 
hospital  company.  1   ambulance  company. 
Utah— 1    battalion    field    artillery.    1    field   hos- 
pital  company.    1    squadron  cavalry. 
Vermont— 2     battalions    infantry,     1     machine 

gun  company. 

Virginia — 4   companies  coast   artillery,    1  regi- 
ment infantry,  2  troops  cavalry,   1  battalion 
field  artillery.  1   ambulance  company. 
Washington — 1     companies     coast     artillery,     1 
regiment  infantry.  1  battery  field  artillery.  1 
signal  comnar.y   (wire),  1  field  hospital  com- 
pany,  1  machine  gun  troop. 
West  Virginia— 1  regiment  and  1  battalion  in- 
fantry. 

Wisconsin— 1  regiment  and  1  battalion  infan- 
try. 1  squadron  cavalry,  1  machine  gun 
troop.  1  battalion  field  artillery,  1  company 
engineer?,  1  signal  company  (outposts).  1 
field  hospital  company,  1  ambulance  com- 
pany. 

Wyoming— 1  squadron  cavalry.  1  battalion 
field  artillery. 

RANK  OF  GENERAL. 

The   rank    of   general   in   the   United   States 


uau*      j.i.00     ILM^CH     ucju     UJ 

George  Washington. 
Ulysses  S.  Grant. 
William  T.  Sherman. 
Philip  H.  Sheridan. 
RANK  OF  LIEUT 
The  rank  of  lieutena 
states   army  has  been 
George  Washington. 
Ulysses  S.  Grant. 
William  T.  Sherman. 
Philip  H.  Sheridan. 
John  M.  Schofield. 
Nelson  A.  Miles. 

H1C      J.VM1UW1U&   . 

John  J.  Pershing1. 
Tasker  H.  Bliss. 
Peyton  C.  March. 

ENANT-GENERAL. 
nt-general  in  the  United 
held  by  the  following: 
Samuel  B.  M.  Young. 
Adna  R.  Chaffee. 
John  C.  Bates. 
Henry  C.  Corbin. 
Hunter  Liggett. 
Robert  L.  Bullard. 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


483 


RANK  AND  DISTINGUISHING  HARES  IN  THE  NAVY  AND  MARINES. 


STAFF  OFFICERS. 
SUM  as  equal  rank  of  line  officers,  but  corps  devices  appear  in  place  of  anchors. 


IH.  »A»Al  COH«.r^oCTt 

(r-ARRAHT  OFFICERS.  WARRANT  OFFICERS,  MATES. 


L  S3 

F1CERS.  MATES.  . 


Zlfmff™ 
SLEEVE  MARKS  OF  COMMISSIONED  AND  WARRANT  OFFICERS— NAVY. 

c*    M  Cbrx  colorr  Kedxal.  maroon.  Pay.  wb4r  Prof.  HalA  .  dnc  |rera.— Staff  officers  same  stripes,  but  instead  of  Stars,  §H| 

,e^^i  »rps  colon  arc  used  with  stripes.-C«pi  color,  CM  EM..  bhr.W  R«..amM.  DtMl.m^t. 

CBIKA'l0s'wTS;^  t'^  DICERS 

(Also  used  on  shoulder  devices  for  ranks  below  Commodore.) 

Jt  i  -L  JL  X  JLK  X  JSl  A  X.  X 

J...     •sr"?r  ir  I 


l^ls. -sr 

RATINGS  AND  A  FEW  SPECIALTY  MARKS-NAVY. 


£.%Y 


SERVICE  ARM  AND  RANK  IN  THE  ARMY. 

COLLAR    INSIGNIA. 
Plain  for  officers  and  enlisted  dress  uniform.    Buttons  enlisted  service  uniform. 


FIELD  ARTILLERY.  MEDICAL  DEPARTMEHT.  TODCE  A^OCAT^CEIIWIAL'S  '«30ABTE^IAST«l  GENERAl-S 


COAST  ARTILLERY.  ADJUTANT  GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT  RSPECTOR  CENE  PAL'S 


CORPS  OF  ERCWEERS. 


ustmHAKT  cnroui. 


CAVALRY.  OftDSABCE  DEPARTMEUTi 

COMMISSIONED  OFTICERS— INSIGNIA  ON  SHOULDER  IOOPS, 
MAJOR  OENERAk  BRIGADIER  CEBERA1,  COLONEL. 


f  S1CHAI  CORPS. 


UEOTENANT  COLOKEL. 


RST  LIEOTENA1CT    On.  iJm  bai.  SECOND  LIEUTENANT  -  W«  loop  h 

CHEVRONS  AND  SPECIALTY  MARKS 


The  more  frequent  chevrons,  only,  arc  given. 

The  colors  of  the  hat  cords  are  used  in  the  chevrons. 

A  few  of  the  specialty  marks  are  given 


f«ST  SE«OEAHT.  SERGEANT.  C 


ATE,  IsiClwi.  CimNER.  EUCTBICUN.  KECHAIIIC  BASDSKAH.         COOL 


484 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


RANK    AND    INSIGNIA    OF    ARMY    AND    NAVY    OFFICERS. 


NAVY. 

Admiral. 

Vice-admiral. 

Rear-admiral. 

Commodore. 

Captain. 

Commander. 

Lieutenant-commander. 

Lieutenant. 

Lieutenant,     jr.     grade. 

Ensign. 


The  following  table  shows  the  rank  of  commis- 
sioned officers  in  the  United  States  army  and  ma- 
rine corps  and  the  corresponding  grades  in  the 

ARMY    AND    MARINE 

CORPS. 
General. 

Lieutenant-general. 
Major-general. 
Brigadier-general. 
Colonel. 

Lieutenant-colonel. 
Major. 
Captain. 

First  lieutenant. 
Second    lieutenant.  ----- 

Commissioned  army  officers  wear  the  following 
insignia  on  the  shoulder  loop. 

RANK  AND  INSIGNIA. 
General—  Four  silper  stars. 
Lieutenant-general—  Three  silver  stars. 
Major-general—  Two  silver  stars. 
Brigadier-general—  One  silver  star. 
Colonel—  Silver  eagle. 
Lieutenat-colonel—  Silver  oak  leaf. 
Major—  Gold  oak  leaf. 
Captain  —  Two  silver  bars. 
First  lieutenant—  One  silver  bar. 
Second   lieutenant—  No  insignia. 
Chaplain  —  Cross. 

Commissioned  officers  of  the  navy  wear  the  fol- 
lowing devices  on  the  collar: 
Admiral—  Anchor   and  four   stars. 
Vice-admiral—  Anchor  and   three   stars. 
Rear-Admiral—Anchor  and  two  stars. 
Captain—  Anchor  and  silver  eagle. 
Commander  —  Anchor  and  silver   leaf. 
Lieutenant-commander—  Anchor  and  gold  leaf. 
Lieutenant  —  Anchor  and  two  bars. 
Lieutenant,  Junior  grade  —  Anchor  and  one  bar. 
Ensign—  One  bar. 

Following  are  the  army  service  insig-nia: 
Infantry—  Crossed  guns. 
Cavalry—  Crossed  sabers. 

Field  artillery—  Crossed  cannon  and  numbers. 
Coast  artillery—  Crossed  cannon. 
Engineer  corps—  Castle. 
Aviation  corps—  Globe  with  wings. 
Medical  corps—  Winged  staff  and  serpents. 
Signal   corps  —  Crossed   flags. 
Quartermaster  corps—  Eagle  on  wheel. 
Motor    transport    corps  —  Winged    hat    on    bronze 


Hat  Cords. 

Generals  wear  hat  cords  the  color  of  gold,  while 
those  of  other  officers  are  gold  and  black.  The 
branch  of  the  service  to  which  each  enlisted  man 
belongs  is  indicated  by  the  color  of  the  hat  cord 
he  wears: 

Infantry-Light  blue. 
Cavalry—  Yellow. 
Artillery—  Scarlet. 

Engineers  corps—  Scarlet  intertwined  with  white. 
Signal  corps—  Orange  intertwined  with  white. 
Medical  department—  Maroon. 
Quartermaster  corps—  Buff. 
Ordnance     department—  Black     intertwined     with 

white. 

Motor  transport  corps—  Purple. 
Chevrons. 

First  class  privates  wear  on  their  coat  sleeves 
or  shirts  the  design  of  the  department  or  service 
to  which  they  belong.  The  designs  or  chevrons 
sewn  on  the  sleeves  of  noncommissioned  officers 
are  as  follows: 

Lance  corporal—  One  inverted  V-shaped  bar. 
Corporal—  Two  bars. 
Sergeant—  Three  bars. 

First  sergeant—  Diamond  mark  under  bars. 

Stable  sergeant—  Horse's  head  under  bars. 

Color  sergeant—  Star  under  bars. 
Battalion     quartermaster     sergeant—  Three    hori- 

zontal bare. 
Chief  trumpeter—  One  bar  and  bugle. 


War   Service   Chevron. 

A  gold  chevron  of  standard  material  and  de- 
sign, to  be  worn  on  the  lower  half  of  the  left 
sleeve  of  all  uniform  coats,  except  fatigue 
coats,  by  each  officer  and  enlisted  man  who 
has  served  six  months  in  the  zone  of  the  ad- 
vance in  the  war.  and  an  additional  chevron 
for  each  six  months  of  similar  service  there- 
after. Silver  chevrons  of  similar  design  are 
worn  by  officers  and  men  who  were  in  the 
army  during  the  war  but  did  not  see  service 
overseas. 

Wound  Chevrons. 

A  gold  chevron  of  pattern  identical  with  that 
of  the  war  service  chevron,  to  be  worn  on  the 
lower  half  of  the  rig-ht  sleeve  of  all  uniform 
coats,  except  fatigue  coats,  by  each  officer  and 
enlisted  man  who  has  received  a  wound  in  ac- 
tion with  the  enemy  which  necessitates  treat- 
ment by  a  medical  officer,  and  an  additional 
chevron  for  each  additional  wound,  but  not 
more  than  one  chevron  will  be  worn  for  two 
or  more  wounds  received  at  the  same  time. 
Disablement  by  gas  necessitating  treatment  by 
a  medical  officer  shall  be  considered  to  be  a 
wound  within  the  meaning1  of  this  order. 
Honorable  Discharge  Chevrons. 

As  a  recognition  of  duties  performed  in  the 
service  of  the  country  each  soldier  on  being 
discharged  is  furnished  with  two  scarlet  chev- 
rons to  be  worn  on  the  left  sleeves,  point 
up,  midway  between  the  elbow  and  the  shoul- 
der, one  on  the  coat  and  one  on  the  overcoat. 
These  chevrons  will  serve  to  indicate  to  the 
country  while  the  uniform  is  being:  worn  that 
the  wearer  responded  to  the  demands  of  the 
country,  performing-  creditable  service  in  the 
army,  and  finally  received  honorable  discharge 
therefrom. 
DECORATIONS  AND  MEDALS  FOR  VALOR. 

Capt.  Georg-e  W.  Brush,  commander  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  Leg-ion  of  Valor,  U.  S.  A., 
in  an  article  contributed  to  the  Army  and 
Navy  Journal,  March  29,  1919,  described  the 
chief  decorations  and  medals  of  valor  and  their 
origin  as  follows: 

In  these  days  when  our  boys  are  coming- 
home  from  the  greatest  war  in  history  wear- 
ing1 the  decorations  and  medals  awarded  for 
acts  of  valor  and  heroism,  it  may  be  well  to 
know  a  little  of  their  meaning.  The  medals 
bestowed  on  our  soldiers  for  acts  of  heroism 
should  not  be  C9nfounded  with  the  medals  of 
our  various  patriotic  org-anizations  such  as  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  the  Loyal  Le- 
g-iota, the  Spanish  War  Veterans  and  the  Sons 
and  Daughters  of  the  Revolution.  These  are 
adopted  by  these  org-anizations  and  have  no 
significance  except  to  identify  them  as  belong- 
ing to  a  particular  organization. 

It  has  long-  been  the  custom  to  reward  sol- 
diers who  have  performed  special  deeds  of 
valor  or  heroism.  The  various  countries  have 
adopted  medals  to  express  different  degrees  of 
such  service.  The  United  States  has  its  con- 
gressional medal  of  honor,  and  recently  two 
additional  decorations,  the  distinguished  serv- 
ice cross  and  the  distinguished  service  medal. 
England  has  her  •  Victoria  cross,  the  Dis- 
tinguished Service  Order  and  its  military  medal ; 
France,  the  Legion  of  Honor,  its  croix  de 
guerre  and  medaille  militaire:  Italy  its  Order 
of  the  Crown  and  Order  of  St.  Maurice:  Bel- 

fium  its  Order  of  Leopold  and  croix  de  guerre; 
apan,  the  Order  of  the  Rising  Sun  of  various 
degrees:    and    Germany   the  iron  cross   of   two 
classes  and  the  grand  cross. 

Gen.  Washington  near  the  close  of  the  revo- 
lutionary war  established  a  badge  of  "military 
merit"  and  he  himself  received  a  gold  medal, 
with  the  thanks  of  congress.  It  was  not  un- 
til the  civil  war  that  definite  action  was  taken. 
Congress,  in  1862,  passed  a  law  providing  for 
a  medal  of  honor  for  its  soldiers  in  the  ranks. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB, 


485 


and  in  1863  amended  it  so  as  to  include  of- 
ficers. It  also  provided  a  medal  of  honor  for 
the  navy,  but  singularly  did  not  include  the 
officers.  Recently  this  defect  was  remedied. 
The  navy  medal  is  different  in  design  from 
that  of  the  army. 

The  congressional  medal  of  honor  is  the 
most  difficult  to  win  of  any  military  decora- 
tion in  the  world.  The  requirements  are  so 
stringent  that  comparatively  few  are  seen.  So 
far  as  can  be  ascertained  only  twenty-four 
medals  of  honor  have  thus  far  been  issued  in 
the  war  just  closed,  while  over  1,200  dis- 
tinguished service  crosses  have  been  awarded. 
The  requirements  for  our  medals  are  given  in 
concise  form  in  Gen.  Pershing's  bulletin  No. 
25  to  our  army  abroad.  He  says: 

"The  following  instructions  are  published  as 
a  guide  to  all  concerned  in  the  manner  of 
American  awards  for  gallantry  in  action  and 
exceptionally  meritorious  service  and  to  set  a 
standard  for  such  awards.  1,  The  medal  of 
honor,  and  2.  the  distinguished  service  cross 
are  awarded  for  gallantry  in  action. 

"Medal  of  Honor— The  award  of  the  medal 
of  honor  is  confined  to  officers  and  soldiers 
of  the  American  army  whose  action  complies 
with  the  following  tests:  (a)  who  have  per- 
formed in  action  deeds  of  most  distinguished 
bravery  and  self-sacrifice:  (b)  above  and  be- 
yond the  call  of  duty;  (c)  so  conspicuous  as 
to  clearly  distinguish  them  for  gallantry  and 
intrepidity  above  their  comrades:  (d)  which 
involve  risk  of  life  or  the  performance  of 
more  than  ordinarily  hazardous  service:  (e) 
'  the  omission  of  which  would  not  justly  subject 
the  person  to  censure  or  for  shortcoming  or 
failure  in  the  performance  of  his  duty. 

"Distinguished  Service  Cross— The  award  of 
the  distinguished  service  cross  is  confined  to 
any  one  who  may  distinguish  himself  or  her- 
self by  extraordinary  heroism  in  connection 
with  military  operations  against  an  armed  en- 
emy of  the  United  States  under  circumstances 
which  do  not  justify  the  award  of  the  medal 
of  honor,  and  may  be  awarded  to  any  person 
who  while  serving  in  any  capacity  with  the 
army  shall  hereafter  distinguish  himself  or 
herself  or  who  since  April  6.  1917,  has  dis- 
tinguished himself  or  herself. 

"Distinguished  Service  Medal— The  award  of 
the  distinguished  service  medal  will  be  confined 
to  any  one  distinguishing  himself  or  herself 
by  exceptionally  meritorious  service  to  the 
government  in  a  duty  of  great  responsibility 
in  time  of  war  or  in  connection  with  or  against 
an  armed  enemy  of  the  United  States." 

There  are  other  medals  issued  by  the  gov- 
ernment representing  service  of  various  kinds, 
but  the  three  described  are  the  most  impor- 
tant. The  distinguished  service  medal  may  be 
awarded  to  civilians  not  engaged  in  military 
operations,  but  not  the  other  two  named. 

The  Victoria  cross,  the  highest  military  dec- 
oration of  Great  Britain,  was  established  Jan. 
29.  1856,  by  Queen  Victoria,  "for  conspicuous 
bravery  or  devotion  in  presence  of  the  enemy." 
Second  in  importance  is  the  Distinguished  Serv- 
ice Order  and  third  the  military  medal.  Eng- 
land has  also  the  royal  red  cross  for  women. 

The  origin  of  the  most  important  French 
decoration,  the  Legrion  of  Honor,  is  described  in 
a  translation  from  the  French  of  Jules  Martin, 
made  by  Miss  M.  Murphy  for  the  Army  and 
Navy  Legion  of  Valor.  In  the  period  of  the 
consulate,  the  year  eight,  it  was  designated 
as  a  national  recompense  to  warriors  who 
rendered  distinguished  service  in  battle  for  the 
republic:  also  to  citizens  who  by  their  learn- 
ing, talents  or  virtues  contributed  in  estab- 
lishing or  defending  the  principles  of  the  re- 
public. In  time  of  war  heroic  deeds  were  rec- 
ognized: in  time  of  peace  it  required  twenty- 
five  years  of  military  service  to  be  entitled 
to  the  decoration.  In  the  period  of  the  empire  ' 


the  Legion  of  Honor  comprised  four  classes, 
grand  officer,  commandant,  officer,  legionary. 
By  a  decree  of  Jan.  30.  1805.  Napoleon  in&ti- 
tuted  a  fifth  degree,  the  "great  decoration" 
or  "great  eagle."  which  since  has  taken  the 
name  of  "grand  croix."  The  imperial  decree 
of  March  1.  1808.  which  related  to  titles  of 
nobility,  gave  future  members  of  the  legion 
the  title  of  knight,  to  be  transmissible  to 
their  descendants,  and  granted  a  net  revenue 
of  at  least  3.000  francs. 

Various  changes  have  been  made  from  time 
to  time.  The  government  of  the  national  de- 
fense decreed  Oct.  28.  1870,  that  the  Legion 
of  Honor  be  exclusively  reserved  as  a  recom- 
pense for  military  service  and  for  acts  of 
bravery  and  devotednees.  The  law  of  July  25 
1873.  abrogates  this. 

The  iron  cross  of  Germany  was  instituted 
by  royal  decree  of  March  10.  1813.  as  a  spe- 
cial decoration  for  patriotic  services,  to  be 
"earned  during  the  impending  war  in  battle 
with  the  enemies  or  in  the  field  or  at  home." 
It  consists  of  two  classes  and  a  "grand  cross  " 
Originally  instituted  for  one  war  only,  it  was 
reinstituted  July  19.  1870.  for  the  Franco- 
Prussian  war  and  has  existed  since  that  time. 
The  grand  cross  may  be  awarded  only  "to  the 
commanding  officer  for  winning  a  decisive  bat- 
tle through  which  the  enemy  was  forced  to 
give  up  his  position."  The  iron  cross,  it  wa.» 
decreed  in  1870.  is  to  be  bestowed  "regardless 
of  rank  and  position  as  a  reward  for  meri- 
torious services  rendered  either  in  actual  bat- 
tle with  the  enemy  or  at  home  in  connection 
with  this  struggle."  In  the  great  world  wa* 
just  closed  the  iron  crosses  have  been  dis- 
tributed to  the  German  army  in  lavish  pro- 
fusion. 

THE  VICTORY  MEDAL. 

The  secretary  of  war  through  Gen.  Peyton 
C.  March,  chief  of  staff,  issued  the  following- 
order  June  30.  1919: 

1.  A  war  service  medal,  to  be  known  as  the 
victory  medal,  will  be  awarded  to  all  officers 
and  enlisted  men  who  served  on  active  duty  in 
the   army    of    the   United    States   at    any    time 
between    April    6.    1917.    and    Nov.    11,    1918. 
and  whose  service  was  honorable. 

2.  Battle   clasps    will   be   awarded    for  each 
of  the  major  operations  and  for  the  occupation 
of    a    defensive    sector.       Only    one    defensive 
sector  clasp  will  be  awarded  to  any  one  indi- 
vidual.    To  be  eligible  for  a  battle  clasp  the 
officer  or  enlisted  man  must  have  been  actually 
present,  under  competent  orders,  in  the  sector 
of  the   army,   corps,   division  or   similar  inde- 
pendent    organization    during     the     period     in 
which  the  organization  was  engaged.     The  of- 
ficer  or  enlisted   man    may   have   belonged    to 
the  organization  in  question,  been  attached  to 
it   or  have  served  it   in  some   independent  ca- 
pacity.     The   authorized   presence   of    the   per- 
son  in    the  locality   at   the   time   of   operation 
will   be   the  determining   factor  in   the   award 
of  clasp.     Each  officer  or  enlisted  man  serving 
in    the    1st    army    area   between   Aug.   30    and 
Nov.    11.    1918.    or  in   the   2d   army    area   be- 
tween   Oct.    12    and    Nov.    11.    1918.    will    be 
entitled    to    the    defensive    sector    clasp,    irre- 
spective of  awards  for  major  operations.     Each 
officer  or  enlisted  man   serving  in  the  area  of 
corps,  divisions,  or  smaller  independent  organi- 
zations under  French,  British,  Belgian  or  Ital- 
ian   commands,    between    April    6.    1917,    and 
Nov.    11.    1918.    will    be    entitled    to    the    de- 
fensive sector  clasp,  irrespective  of  awards  for 
major  operations.     Each  officer  or  enlisted  man 
present  in  an  engagement  in  European  Russia 
since   An  ST.   1.    1918.    or  in    Siberia   since  Aug1. 
15,  1918.  will  be  entitled  to  a  defensive  sector 
clasp.     The  following  operations  are  announced 
as  ma.ior  operations: 

a.  Cambrai— Between  May  12-Dec.  4.  1917. 


486 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


b.  Somme.     defensive — Between     March     2.1- 
April   6.    1918. 

c.  Lys— Between  April  9-27,  1918. 

d.  Aisne — On     the    Chemin    des    Dames    and 
northeast    of    Reims   between   May   27-June   5, 
1918. 

e.  Montdidier-Noyon  —  Between     June     9-13, 

f.  Champagne-Marne — Between     July     15-18, 
1918. 

g-.  Aisne-Marne— -Between  July  18-Aug.  6, 
1918. 

h.  Somme.  offensive— Between  Aug.  8-Nov. 
11.  1918. 

i.  Oise-Aisne— Between  Aug-.  18-Nov.  11, 
1918. 

j.  Ypres-Lys—  Between  Aug.  19-Nov.  11.  1918. 

k.  St.  Mihiel— Between  Sept.   12-16.   1918. 

1.  Meuse-Arg-onne— Between  Sept.  26-Nov.  11. 
1918. 

m.  Vittorio-Veneto— Between  Oct.  24-Nov.  4, 
1918. 

3.  Clasps  will  be  awarded  to  each  officer  and 
enlisted  man  who   served  overseas   and  is   not 
entitled   to   a  battle  clasp   under  paragraph   2 
as  follows: 

a.  France — For    service    in    France    between 
April   6.    1917-Nov.  11.   1918. 

b.  Italy— For  service  in  Italy  between  April 
6.   1917-Nov.   11.    1918. 

c.  Siberia— For  any  service  in  Siberia. 

d.  Russia — For  any  service  in  European  Rus- 
sia. 

e.  England — For  service  in  England  between 
April   6.    1917-Nov.   11.    1918.     The   clasp  for 
this  service  will  only  be  awarded  to  officers  and 
enlisted  men  who  served  in   England   and   are 
not  entitled   to   one   of   the  other  clasps   enu- 
merated  in    this   paragraph. 

4.  Officers  and  enlisted  men  forming'  part  of 
the  personnel  of  the  crews  of  army  and  com- 
mercial transports  operating'  between  the  United 
States  and  Europe  will  be  included  among'  those 
authorized    to    wear    one    of    the    clasps    enu- 
merated in  paragraph  3.  depending1  on  the  Eu- 
ropean country  for  which  the  transport  sailed. 
Not  more  than  one  such  clasp,  however,   will 
be  awarded  to   any   one  individual  under  this 
authority. 

5.  A    bronze    star,    three-sixteenths    inch    in 
diameter,  will  be  placed  on  the  service  ribbon 
for  each  battle  clasp   awarded  under  the  pro- 
visions   of   paragraph   2.      When   an   officer   or 
enlisted    man   has  been   cited  in   orders  issued 
from  the  headquarters  of  a  force  commanded 
by  a  general  officer  for  gallantry  in  action  not 
justifying    the    award    of    a    medal    of    honor, 
distinguished     service     cross     or    distinguished 
service    medal,    he    will   wear   a    silver   star   on 
the   ribbon    of    the   medal   and   on   the    service 
ribbon  for  each  such  citation. 

VICTORY  LAPEL  BUTTON. 
The    victory    lapel    button    is    for    wear    on 
•civilian  clothing  by  honprably  discharged   sol- 
diers.     It    is    made    of 
bronze    for    all    soldiers 
who    saw  service  abroad 
or  at  home,  and  of  sil- 
ver for  those  who  were 
wounded.      It  is  in   the 
shape  of  a  five  pointed 
star  superimposed  on  a 
conventional      laurel 
wreath  with  the  letters 
U.   S.  in   the   center   of 
the    star.     The    button, 
which      was      designed 
under    the    general    di- 
rection    of     the     com- 
mission of  fine  arts,  was  issued  in  July.  1919, 
and   subsequently   to   all   applicants   presenting1 
their  discharge  papers. 

DETAILS   OF   CERTAIN  DECORATIONS. 

The  war  department  in  an  order  issued  May 

5.  1919.   gave  the  following  technical  descrip- 


tions of  the  distinguished  service  medal,  the 
distinguished  service  cross  and  the  victory 
medal : 

Distinguished  Service  Medal. 

The  coat  of  arms  of  the  United  States  in 
bronze  surrounded  by  a  ring  in  dark  blue  en- 
amel bearing  the  inscription  "For  Distinguished 
Service.  MCMXVIII."  Suspended  by  a  bar 
from  a  silk  ribbon.  1%  inches  long  and  1% 
inches  wide,  consisting  of  a  white  center  (% 
inch  wide)  with  a  scarlet  band  on  each  edge 
and  a  narrow  dark-blue  stripe  between  the 
scarlet  and  white,  according  to  standard  sample. 
Distinguished  Service  Cross. 

A  cross  of  bronze  with  an  eagle  on  the  cen- 
ter and  a   scroll  below   the  eagle,  bearing  the 
inscription  "For  Valor."     Suspended  by  a  ring 
from   a   silk   ribbon.    1%   inches  long   and    1% 
inches  wide,    composed   of   a  band  of   red    ( 4 
inch),     white     (1/16    inch),     blue     (1     inch) 
white   (1/16  inch),  and  red   (%  inch). 
Victory  Medal. 

(a)  A  bronze  medal  36  mm.  in  diameter.  On 
the  obverse  a  Victory  winged,  standing,  full 
length  and  full  face.  On  the  reverse  the  in- 
scription "The  Great  War  for  Civilization" 
and  a  representation  of  the  various  allied  and 
associated  nations.  Suspended  by  a  ring  from 
a  watered  silk  ribbon,  1%  inches  long  and  36 
mm.  wide,  representing  two  rainbows  placed 
in  juxtaposition  and  having  the  red  in  the 
middle,  with  a  white  thread  along-  each  edge, 
according  to  standard  sample. 

(b)  Bronze     clasps— Bronze     bars,     %     inch 
wide,  to  be  placed  on  the  ribbon  of  the  medal 
and  bearing  the  following  inscriptions: 

(1)  Somme.  defensive.      (10)    St.  Mihiel. 

(2)  Lys.  (11)   Mouse-Argonne. 

(3)  Aisne.  (12)    Vittorio-Veneto 

(4)  Montdidier-Noyon.      (13)    France. 

(5)  Champagne-Marne.      (14)    Italy. 

(6)  Aisne-Marne.  (15)    Siberia. 

(7)  Somme.   offensive.       (16)    Russia. 

(8)  Oise-Aisne.  (17)    England. 

(9)  Ypres-Lys. 

(c)  Stars   3/16   inch  in   diameter.     Citation 
stars   to  be   silver:    stars  to  denote   possession 
of  clasps  to  be  of  bronze. 

OTHER    AMERICAN    DECORATIONS. 

In  addition  to  the  decorations  provided  for 
soldiers  in  the  war  in  Europe  there  are  many 
other  medals  and  badges  worn  by  men  who 
distinguished  themselves  in  other  wars  or  by 
g-ood  conduct,  marksmanship,  etc.  These  in- 
clude the  following-: 

Medal  commemorating-  the  battle  of  Manila 
bay.  May  1,  1898. 

Medal  commemorating-  the  naval  engage- 
ments in  the  West  Indies  during  the  war  with 
Spain,  1898. 

Special  meritorious  medal  for  services  dur- 
ing- the  war  with  Spain,  other  than  in  battle. 

Certificate  of  merit  medal. 

Civil  war  campaign  medal. 

India.n    campaign    medal. 

Spanish   war   campaign  medal. 

Congressional    medal    for    Philippine    service. 

Philippine    insurrection    campaign    medal. 

Army  of  Cuban  occupation  medal,  1898- 
1902. 

China  relief  expedition  medal. 

GoM  life-saving  medal. 

Silver   life-saving-   medal. 

Cuban   pacification    medal.  t 

Nicaraguan  campaign  medal. 

Haitian  campaign  medal,   1915. 

Good-conduct    medal.    U.    S.    navy. 

Good-conduct  medal.  U.  S.  marine  corps. 

Medals  and  badges  for  excellence  in  gunnery. 

Expert    rifleman's   badge,    army    and    marine 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


487 


Sharpshooter's  medal,  navy  and  marine 
corps. 

Expert   rifleman's  bar  badge,    navy. 

Pistol  expert  badg-e,  army  and  marine  corps. 

Expert    pistol-shot's   bar   badge,    navy. 

Distinguished  marksman's  medal,  marine 
corps. 

Sharpshooter's  badg-e.  army  and  marine 
corps. 

Marksman's  badge,  army  and  marine  corps. 
COLORED  RIBBON  BARS. 

The  various  medals  are  suspended  from  rib- 
bons of  distinctive  colors.  Bars  of  ribbon  of 
the  same  color  are  worn  by  officers  and  men 
upon  whom  the  medals  have  been  conferred 
with  their  uniforms.  There  are  as  many  dif- 
ferent kinds  as  there  are  medals. 

MEXICAN   SERVICE  BADGE. 

The  following  order  was  issued  by  the  war 
department  in  February.  1918: 

By  authority  of  the  presid>  nt,  a  service  badge 
with  ribbon,  to  be  known  as  the  Mexican  serv- 
ice badge,  will  be  issued  to  all  officers  and  en- 
listed men  who  are  now  or  may  hereafter  be 
in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States. 
and  whose  service  has  been  under  the  follow- 
ing- conditions: 

(a)  In  Mexico,  afloat  or  ashore,  as  members 
of  the  Vera  Cruz  expedition,  between  April  24, 
1914.  and  Nov.  26.  1914. 

(b)  In  M  xico  as  members  of  the  punitive  or 
other    author:  zed    expeditions    between    March 
14.  1916.  and  Feb.  7,  1917. 

(c)  Those    who    were    actually    present    and 
participated  in  an  engagement  against  Mexicans 
between  April  12.   1911.  and  Feb.   7.  1917,  in 
which  there  were  casualties  on  the  side  of  the 
United  States  troops. 

(d)  Those  who  were  present  as  members  of 
the  Mexican   border  patrol  between  April  12, 
1911.  and  Feb.  7.  1917.  in  proximity  to  an  en- 
gagement between  Mexicans  which  resulted  in 


casualties    among    their   own   company,    troop, 
battery  or  detachment. 

The  distribution  of  this  badge  will  be  gov- 
erned by  the  provisions  of  article  VIII.,  com- 
pilation of  general  orders,  circulars  and  bulle- 
tins, war  department.  1881-1915.  No  individ- 
ual will  be  entitled  to  more  than  one  Mexican 
service  badge. 

Persons  not  now  in  the  army  of  the  United 
States,  who  if  they  had  remained  in  the  serv- 
ice would  be  entitled  to  this  badge  and  whose 
separation  from  the  serv;ce  has  been  honor- 
able, may  apply  to  the  adjutant-general  of  the 
army  for  authority  to  purchase  and  wear  the 
Mexican  service  badge. 
WOUND  AND  SERVICE  CHEVRONS  IN  NAVY. 

Wound  and  service  chevrons  for  men  in  the 
naval  service,  afloat  or  ashore  in  Europe,  were 
authorized  by  the  secretary  of  the  navy  Sept. 
25.  1918.  The  chevrons  are  similar  to  those 
worn  in  the  army  and  take  the  form  of  a  V- 
shaped  bar  of  gold  braid  for  blue  uniforms 
and  yellow  silk  lace  or  braid  for  white.  Serv- 
ice chevrons  are  worn  on  the  lower  half  of  the 
left  sleeve  and  wound  chevrons  on  the  right 
sleeve. 

War  service  chevrons  will  be  given  as  fol- 
lows: 

Served  three  months  or  more  since  April  6. 
1917.  afloat  or  ashore,  on  duty  east  of  the 
thirty-seventh  meridian  west  of  Greenwich. 

Served  afloat  three  months  or  more  since  May 
25.  1918.  on  vesse's  thpt  have  cruised  on  the 
high  seas  of  the  Atlantic  ocean  north  of  the 
equator. 

Served  on  vessels  that  have  been  torpedoed  or 
fired  upon. 

Served  on  aviation  duty  in  the  United  States, 
making  actual  flights  in  search  of  enemy  ves- 
sels since  May  25.  1918. 

Service  on  transports  and  convoying  ships 
shall  be  included. 


BRITISH   WAR   LEADERS   REWARDED. 


The  leaders  of  the  British  land  and  sea  forces 
were  liberally  rewarded  with  titles  and  money 
grants,   as  the  following  table  will  show: 
Admiral  Sir  David  Beatty.. .  Earldom.. 5500,000 
Admiral  Viscount  Jellicoe..  .Viscounty  250.000 

Admiral  Sir  C.  Madden Baronetcy     50.000 

Admiral  Sir  D.  Sturdoe 50.000 

Vice-Admiral  Sir  R.  Keyes. .  Taronetcy      50.000 


Resolutions  voted  by  parliament: 

That  the  thanks  of  this  house  be  given  to 
the  officers,  petty  officers,  and  men  of  the  navy 
and  of  the  royal  marines  ior  their  sleepless 
watch  over  the  seas  and  for  the  courage,  re- 
source and  devotion  with  which,  during  four 
years  of  constant  peril,  they  have  maintained 
the  blockade  of  the  enemy's  coast,  convoyed 


Rear-Admiral  de  Robeck. .'.'.  Baronetcy     50.000    armies  drawn  from  the  most  distant  .lands,  and 

"      **       "*-*  «.*-..  m          m  J-»o»l  W1«3H_,7  w»w          j     j       *  j     jj       *Vio,      ststrvtrviofsm      f\-f     +  !-»»      ^ri-rri  H  rrs\A       wr  r^WI  A 


Commander    Sir   R.    T.    Tyr- 
whitt    ...............Baronetcy 


50,000 


Field  Marshal  Sir  D.  Haig. .  Earldom..  500.000 
FieldMnrehpl  Si"JohnFrench.Vii?rounty  250.000 
Field  Marshal  Sir  E.  AllenbyV  ipcrmnty  250.000 
Field  Marshal  Sir  H.  Plumer Barony...  loO.OOO 

Gen.  Sir  H.  Rawlinson Barony...   150,000 

Gen.  Sir  J.  Byng Parcny...  150,000 

Gen.  Sir  H.  Home Barony. . .  150.000 

Field  Marshal  Sir  H.  Wilson  Baronetcy     50.OOO 

Gen.   Sir  W.   Robertson "Unronrtcy     50.000 

~ir  W.  Birdwood "Rpronetcy 


Gen.  Sir  T 
Air  V.  M. 


Sir  H.  Trenchard."naronetcy 


50.000 
50.000 


Lieut. -Col.    Sir  M.    Hankey..G.  C.   &..    125.000 


defended  the  commerce  of  the  civilized  world 
against    the   craft    and    subtlety    of    a  lawless 

That  the  thanks  of  this  house  be  given  to 
the  officers,  noncommissioned  officers,  and  men 
of  the  armies  in  the  field  for  the  matchless 
valor  and  endurance  with  which,  amid  cir- 
cumstances of  unexampled  hardship,  they  have 
sustained  the  shock  of  war  in  many  climes, 
for  the  good  humor,  clemency  and  patience  of 
their  bearing  and  for  the  undaunted  spirit 
which  has  carried  them  through  four  years  of 
strenuous  toil  to  a  complete  and  splendid  vic- 
tory. 


GRAVES  OF  AMERICAN 

Up  to  June  30,  1919.  57,919  graves  of  Amer- 
ican soldiers  had  been  registered  by  the  graves 
registration  service  in  Europe.  They  are  dis- 
tributed as  follows: 

Country.                                  Cemeteries, 
France — American  230 

French,   local   558 


Great    Britain    93 

Germany    31 

Belgium    2 

Russia   

Luxemburg     8 

Italy 12 

The   work  of   recording   graves   and   placing 


Graves. 
47.236 
6.779 
2.073 
1,053 
403 
189 
110 
76 


SOLDIERS  IN     EUROPE. 

crosses  in  Great  Britain  had  been  completed 
before  June  30.  The  seventy-six  bodies  in 
Italy  were  concentrated  in  a  cemetery  at  Genoa, 
this  W9rk  being  completed  July  15.  The 
bodies  in  Russia,  it  was  decided,  should  be 
removed  to  a  cemetery  in  France  while  those 
in  Luxemburg  and  Germany  were  also  to  find 
a  resting  place  in  France.  In  October  it  was 
decided  by  the  war  department  that  bodies  of 
American  soldiers  buried  in  Italy,  Belgium. 
Germany,  Great  Britain.  Luxemburg  and  north 
Russia  were  to  be  brought  home  as  soon  as 
possible  without  waiting  on  the  action  of  the 
French  government  with  respect  to  the  army 
dead  in  France. 


488 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


CLOTH   SHOULDER   INSIGNIA   WORN   BY   AMERICAN    SOLDIERS. 

ARMY  INSIGNIA. 


R 


1st  Army. 


2d  Army. 
CORPS  INSIGNIA. 


3d  Army. 
(Army  of  Occupation  ) 


A   e 


1st  Corps. 


2d  Corps. 


3d  Corps. 


4th  Corps 


5th  Corps.  6th  Corps.  7th  Corps.  8th  Corps.  9th  Corps. 

DIVISIONAL  INSIGNIA. 


m 


1st  Div.  2d  Uiv.  3d  Div.  4th  Div.  :>th  Div.  6th  Div. 


7th  Div.  0.1th  Div.  12th  Div.  19th  Div.         26th  Div.  27th  Div. 


28th 


Div.      29th  Div.       30th  Div.     31st    Div.    32d   Div.    33d     Div.      34th  Div.       35th  Div. 


36th  Div.  37th  Div.  38th  Div.  39th  Div.         40th  Div.  41st  Div. 


42d  Div.  76th  Div.  77th  Div.  78th   Div.  79th   Div.  80th   Div. 


AI  MANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK    FOB    1920. 


489 


CD 


gist  Div.  82d  Div. 


Div.  85th  Div.  86th  Div.  87th  Div. 


88th  Div. 


89th  Div.  90th  Div.  91st  Div.  92d  Div. 

PRINCIPAL  MEDALS  WORN  BY  AMERICAN  SOLDIERS. 


93d  Div. 


Distinguished  Service 
Medal— American. 


Distinguished  Service     Naval  Medal  of  Honor 
Cross— American.  —American. 


Croix  de  Guerre—  Legrion  of  Honor—       Disting-uished  Service         Croix  de  Guerre — 

Franc*.  Prance.  Cross — Britain.  Belgium. 


490 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


NICKNAMES   AND    INSIGNIA    OF    AKMY   DIVISIONS. 


Following-  is  a  list  of  the  better  known  di- 
visional nicknames,  with  brief  descriptions  of 
the  cloth  shoulder  insignia  worn  on  the  uni- 
forms. The  number  of  the  division:  home 
state  or  states  of  troops,  nickname  (if  any) 
and  insignia  (if  any)  are  given  in  order: 

1.  Regulars:  "First  division"   (first  in  France): 
crimson  figure  1  on  background  of  khaki. 

2.  Regulars:   Indian  head  with  background  of 
star  and  shield:  colors  varying  according  to 

3.  Regulars:    "Marne    division":    three    white 
stripes     diagonally     superimposed     upon     a 
square  field  of  blue. 

4.  Regulars:    four  green   leaves   of  ivy  super- 
imposed upon  a  diamond  of  olive  drab. 

5.  Regulars:   "Ace   of  Diamonds":    a   red  dia- 

6.  Regulars:  six  pointed  star  of  red  with  fig- 
ure "6"  in  blue. 

7.  Regulars:    two    equilateral    black   triangles 
superimposed  on  a  red  circle. 

8.  Regulars. 

9.  Regulars. 

10.  Regulars:    Roman  numeral  X  in  gold  in- 
closed by  ring   of   same  color  on   a  field  of 
marine  blue  contained  in  a  square. 

11.  Regulars:    "Lafayette   division":    head    of 
Lafayette. 

12.  Regulars:      "Plymouth     division":      figure 
"12"    in    red    on    blue    ground,    pierced    by 
bayonet:  gold  border  and  two  gold  stars. 

13.  Regulars;    circular   disk    of   blue   cloth   on 
which  is  superimposed  a  red  horseshoe  with 
black   cat   and   numeral    13   in   white  block 


figures. 
14.  Regulars: 


'Wolverine     division* 


shield 


shaped  panel  of  dark  green  on  which  is 
superimposed  a  disk  of  yellow  with  black 
rim  and  silhouette  of  head,  shoulders  and 
paw  of  a  wolverine:  across  the  shield  the 
word  "Wolverine." 
15.  16  and  17.  Regulars. 

18.  Regulars:  "Cactus":  figure  "18"  in  white 
'on  green  cactus  plant  with  motto,  "Noli  me 

19.  Regulars:    "Twilight  division." 

20.  Regulars. 

26.  New   England   troops:    "Yankee  division": 
dark  blue  monogram  "YD"  superimposed  on 
diamond  of  khaki  cloth. 

27.  New  York   troops;    "New   York  division": 
circle   of  black   with  band   of  red  inside   of 
which  on  a  black  field  are  seven  stars  and 
"N.  Y."  in  monogram,   the   stars  represent- 
ing  the    constellation    of   Orion   in  honor    of 
the  commander.  Gen.  J.  F.  O'Ryan. 

28.  Pennsylvania  troops;   "Keystone  division": 
red  keystone. 

29.  Troops   from   New    Jersey,    Delaware.    Dis- 
trict   of   Columbia    and   Virginia:    "Blue   and 
Gray  division":  Korean  symbol  of  good  luck 
in   blue   and   gray   symbolical   of   reunion   of 
nprth   and  south. 

30.  Troops  from  North  and  Sovith  Carolina  and 
Tennessee:    "Old    Hickory    division":    mono- 
gram in  blue,  the  letter  "O"  surrounding  the 
letter  "H*   with  three  Xs    (Roman  numerals 
for  30).   all  on  a  maroon  background. 

31.  Troops  from  Alabama.  Georgia  and  Florida; 
"Dixie  division':    the  letters   "D.   D."    super- 
imposed on  a  trianerle  of  red  and  blue. 

32.  Troops     from     Wisconsin     and     Michigan: 
"Iron  Jaws  division":  barred  arrow  of  red. 

33.  Troops  from  Illinois  and  Virginia :  "Prairie 
division":  yellow  cross  on  black  circle. 

34.  Troops    from    Iowa,    Minnesota,    Nebraska 
and    North    Dakota:     "Sandstorm    division": 
black  circle  encircling-  a   red  bovine  sknll. 

35.  Troops  from  Missouri    and  Kansas:   Santa 
Fe  cross  within   two  circles   of  varying  col- 
ors, the  outer  one  divided  into  four  arcs. 

36.  Troops  from  Texas  and  Oklahoma:   "Lone 
Star    division"     (sometimes    called    "Panther 


upon  which  is  superimposed  an  arrowhead 
of  cobalt  blue  and  within  the  arrowhead  is 
the  olive  drab  letter  "T,"  representing  Texas, 
the  arrowhead  representing  Oklahoma. 

37.  Troops    from    Ohio:     "Buckeye    division"; 
red  circle  superimposed  on  white  circle. 

38.  Troops      from      Indiana      and      Kentucky; 
"Cyclone  division":  shield  of  red  and  blue  on 
which  is  superimposed  the  monogram  "CY." 

39.  Troops     from    Louisiana.     Mississippi     and 
Arkansas:    "Bull's-eye  division";   a  bull's-eye 
on    khaki    square    with    inner    circle    of    red, 
middle   circle    of    white   and    outer   circle    of 
black. 

40.  Troops  from  California.  Nevada.  Utah  and 
Arizona:    "Sunset   division";    golden    sun    en 
blue  square. 

41.  Troops    from    Washington.    Oregon.    Mon- 
tana,    Idaho    and    Wyoming;     "Sunset    divi- 
sion":  golden   sun   superimposed   on  field   of 
red   setting-  behind  blue  hills. 

42.  National     guard     troops     from     twenty-six 
states   and   District   of   Columbia:    "Rainbow 
division":    particolored    arc    with    colors    of 
rainbow. 

76.  Troops  from  New  England:    "Liberty  Bell 
division":   blue  bell   on  buff  field. 

77.  Troops  from  New  York  city  and  vicinity: 
"Metropolitan    division";    statue    of    Liberty 
on  blue  background. 

78.  Troops  from   New  Jersey  and  New  York; 
"Lightning    division":     red    cloth     semicircle 
crossed   diagonally    by    white    bolt    of    light- 
ning. 

79.  Troops    from    Maryland.    District    of    Co- 
lumbia and  Pennsylvania:  "Liberty  division": 
gray  Lorraine  cross  on  blue  shield. 

80.  Troops   from  Virginia,   West   Virginia    and 
Pennsylvania:     "The    Blue    Ridge    division": 
shield  of  olive  drab  cloth  with  three  blue  hills. 

81.  Troops  from  North  Carolina.    South  Caro- 
lina. Florida  and  Porto  Rico:   "Stonewall  di- 
vision": black  wildcat  on  yellow  background 
in  circle. 

82.  Troops  from   Georgia.    Alabama    and  Ten- 
nessee:     "All     American     division":     letters 
"A.  A."  in  gold  on   circle  of  blue  superim- 
posed on   red   square. 

83.  Troops  from  Ohio:    golden  monogram   "O. 
H.  I.   O."   on  black  triangle. 

84.  Tro9ps  from  Indiana  and  Kentucky;  "Lin- 
coln division":  red  hatchet  with  blue  handle 
inside    red    circle:    word    "Lincoln"    in    blue 
letters  and  numeral  "84"  also  in  blue. 

85.  Troops     from     Michigan     and     Wisconsin: 
"Custer    division":     scarlet    letters    "C.    D." 
mounted   on  circle  of  khaki  cloth. 

86.  Troops    from    Chicago    and    northern    Illi- 
nois:   "Blackhawk   division":    monogram    "B. 
H."   on  red  shield  superimposed   on   a  black 
hawk,    the    whole    superimposed    on    a    red 
shield. 

87.  Troops  from  Arkansas.  Louisiana  and  Ala- 
bama:  "Acorn  division":  acorn  superimposed 
on   dark  green   circle. 

88.  Troops    from    Minnesota.     North    Dakota, 
Iowa   and  Illinois:   two   figures   "8"   crossing 
at    right    angles,     giving    appearance     of     a 
clover  leaf,  one  leaf  for  each  state:  varying 
colors. 

89.  Troops  from  Kansas.   Missouri.    Nebraska, 
South    Dakota,    Colorado    and    New    Mexico: 
"Middle    West    division":    black    letters    "M. 
W,"  surrounded  by  circle  of  black. 

90.  Troops  from  Texas  and  Oklahoma:  "Alamo 
division":    monogram    "T.    O."    in    red,    for 
Texas  and   Oklahoma. 

91.  Troons  from   California,   Oregon.  Washing- 
ton.    Idaho.     Nevada.     Montana.     Wyoming. 
Utah    and    Alaska:     "Wild    West    division": 
green  fir  tree, 

92.  Colored  troops  from  various  states:  buffalo, 
color  varying:   usually  red. 

93.  Colored  troops  from  various  sections:  blue 


division");  circular  disk  of  olive  drab  cloth  '     French  steel  helmet  on  a  dark  blue  circle. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


491 


UNITED  STATES  ARMY  PAY. 


Statement  of  the  system  of  pay  of  the  army 
authorized  by  the  quartermaster-general: 
Commissioned  Officers. 

Rank  Per  year. 
General  $10.000 

vreilcl  dl ••  ••••••••••••••••••• 

Lieutenant-general 

Major-general    .. 

Brigadier-general    

rnlrmel  4.000 

V^oionei ...•.••••••••••  Q  r  nn 

Lieutenant-colonel o'nnn 

^aaSnV:"v:::v.v::v:::.v.v.::::::::  l:°8o 

First  lieutenant ?'2RS 

Second  lieutenant 1.700 

In  the  cases  of  colonels  and  other  commis- 
sioned officers  of  lower  rank  an  increase  of  10 
per  cent,  known  as  longevity  pay.  is  allowed 
for  each  period  of  five  years  of  service,  pro- 
vided that  such  increase  shall  not  exceed  40 
per  cent.  Officers  of  higher  rank  than  colonel 
receive  no  increase  for  continuous  service. 

All  officers  are  entitled  to  be  furnished  pub- 
lic quarters,  with  fuel  and  light,  but  if  these 
cannot  be  provided  the  officers  receive  a  com- 
muted money  value  of  the  same.  The  allow- 
ance for  quarters  for  a  second  lieutenant  is 
2  rooms,  or  824  per  month:  for  a  first  lieu- 
tenant, 3  rooms  or  commutation  of  836  per 
month:  a  captain.  4  rooms  or  commutation 
of  848:  major,  5  rooms  or  commutation  of 
860:  lieutenant-colonel.  6  rooms  or  commuta- 
tion of  872;  colonel.  7  rooms  or  commutation 
of  884:  brigadier-general,  8  rooms  or  commu- 
tation of  896:  major-general,  9  rooms  or  com- 
mutation of  8108;  lieutenant-general.  10  rooms 
or  commutation  of  8120,  and  a  general.  11 
rooms  or  commutation  of  8132.  All  receive  a 
suitable  allowance  for  heat  and  light,  de- 
pendent upon  the  locality  of  their  stations  and 
the  season.  While  on  foreign  service  officers 
receive  an  increase  of  10  per  cent  of  their 
base  pay  and  longevity  pay. 

Aerial  Flight  Increases. 

Aviation  officers  of  the  signal  corps,  or  offi- 
cers attached  to  the  signal  corps,  while  on 
duty  which  requires  them  to  participate  reg- 
ularly and  frequently  in  aerial  flights,  are  en- 
titled to  an  increase  in  the  pay  of  their  grade, 
under  their  commissions,  as  follows:  Aviation 
officers,  25  per  cent:  junior  military  aviators, 
50  per  cent:  military  aviators,  75  per  cent. 
Each  junior  military  aviator  and  each  mili- 
tary aviator  duly  qualified  and  serving  has  the 
rank,  pay  and  allowances  of  one  grade  higher 
than  that  held  by  them  under  their  commis- 
sions, provided  that  the  ranks  under  their  com- 
missions are  not  higher  than  that  of  captain. 
Pay  of  Enlisted  Men. 

The  pay  of  enlisted  men  depends  on  their 
grades,  ratings  and  length  of  service.  From 
June  1,  1917,  and  continuing  during  and 
after  the  war  in  Europe  the  pay  of  enlisted 
men  is  as  follows 

Men  receiving  830:  All  privates,  the.  army 
entering  grade. 

Men  receiving  833 :  First-class  privates,  men 
promoted  to  act  in  minor  noncommissioned 
officer  capacity. 

Men  receiving  836 :  Corporals,  saddlers,  me- 
chanics, farriers  and  wagoners,  and  musicians 
of  the  third  class. 

Men  receiving  838:  All  sergeant  grades  in 
the  line,  which  include  infantry,  field  artillery, 
coast  artillery  and  cavalry;  cooks,  horseshoers. 
band  corporals  and  musicians  of  the  second 
class. 

Men  receiving  844:  Sergeants  of  the  various 
corps  of  the  engineers,  ordnance,  signal  corps, 
quartermaster  corps  and  medical  department: 
band  sergeants  and  musicians  of  the  first  class. 

Men  receiving  848:  Battalion  sergeant  majors, 
squadron  sergeant  majors,  sergeant  majors 


(junior  grade),  sergeant  buglers,  master  gun- 
ners and  assistant  band  leaders  of  the  line. 

Men  receiving  851 :  Regimental  sergeant 
majors,  regimental  supply  sergeants,  sergeant 
majors  (senior  grade),  quartermaster  sergeants 
of  the  quartermaster  corps,  ordnance  sergeants, 
first  sergeants,  electrician  sergeants  of  the  first 
class,  assistant  engineers  and  battalion  sergeant 
majors  and  battalion  supply  sergeants  of  the 
engineers. 

Men  receiving  856:  Sergeants,  first  class,  of 
the  medical  department. 

Men  receiving  871 :  Hospital  sergeants,  mas- 
ter engineers  of  the  junior  grade  and  engi- 
neers. 

Men  receiving  881:  Quartermaster  sergeants 
of  the  senior  grade  of  the  quartermaster  corps, 
band  leaders,  master  signal  electricians,  master 
electricians,  master  engineers  of  the  senior 
grade  and  master  hospital  sergeants. 

Assignment  to  Special  Duties. 

These  are  the  established  grades  of  the  en- 
listed men,  but  they  may  variously  be  assigned 
to  such  special  duties  as  chauffeurs,  switch- 
board operators,  cobblers,  clerks,  camoufleurs. 
sanitary  inspectors,  draftsmen,  stevedores,  ac- 
countants, plumbers  and  such  other  occupa- 
tions and  trades  as  are  necessary  to  meet  the 
requirements  of-  army  service. 

In  addition  to  the  rates  of  pay  for  enlisted 
men  heretofore  mentioned,  supplemental  pay 
or  allowances  are  made  as  follows: 

(1)  Increased  pay  is  allowed  for  continuous 
service,  computed  under  what  is  known  as  "en- 
listment period."     An   enlistment  period  ordi- 
narily  represents   a    period   of    three   or   four 
years,    dependent    upon    the   law   in   effect   at 
date    of    enlistment.      There    are    seven    such 
periods,  covering  a  period  of   service  of  from 
1   year  to  more  than  18  years,   provided  for, 
and  the  increases  range  from   83  to  824   per 
month,  according  to  the  grade  and  length  of 
service.      Men  in  the  grade  of  private  calling 
for  830  per  month  are  increased  83  per  month 
during  the  second  enlistment  period,   an  addi- 
tional  83  during  the  third  enlistment  period, 
and   81   per  month  for  each  additional  enlist- 
ment period  to  include  the  seventh  enlistment 
period.     Men  above  the  830  grade  and  up  to- 
and   including   the    838   grade    are   entitled   to- 
83  per  month  additional  pay  for  each  enlist- 
ment  period   from   the  second   to  the  seventh. 
Men  above  the  838   grade   are  entitled  to  84 
per  month  additional  pay  for  each  enlistment 
period  from  the  second  to  the  seventh. 

Some  Additional  Ratings. 

(2)  Enlisted  men   of  the  coast   artillery,   be- 
low the  grade  of  mess  sergeant,  are  entitled  to* 
the   following  additional   ratings,    according  to 
established  individual  qualifications:    Casement 
electricians,    observers  of  the  first  class,   plot- 
ters and  coxswains,  89  per  month:  chief  plant- 
ers,   observers    of   second    class,    chief   loaders, 
gun    commanders    and    gun    pointers,     87    per 
month:    enlisted    men    of    the    field    artillery — 
expert  first-class  gunners,  85  per  month:  first- 
class  gunners,   83  per  month,  and  second-class 
gunners,    82    per  month:    enlisted   men    of   the 
cavalry,    engineers    and    infantry— expert    rifle- 
men.   85    per    month:    sharpshooters.    S3    per 
month,  and  marksmen,  82  per  month:  enlisted 
men    of    the    medical   department — surgical    as- 
sistants,  85  per  month:  nurse   (enlisted  man). 
S3    per    month,    and    dispensary    assistant,    $2 
per  month. 

(3)  Enlisted  men  of  the  signal  corps,   while- 
on   duties    which    require   them    to    participate 
regularly    in    aeroflights,    assuming    that    they 
have   rating    of    aviation    mechanician,    receive 
50  per  cent  increase  in  their  monthly  pay. 

Housing  and  Subsistence. 

(4)  All  enlisted  men,  while  on  detached  dutjr 
not  in  the  field  where  there  are  no  army  quar- 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


ters  available,  receive  in  addition  to  their  pay 
$15  per  month  to  cover  the  expense  of  housing 
and  also  a  suitable  allowance  for  subsistence 
and  for  heat  and  light. 

(5)  Enlisted    men,    if    serving1    in    a    foreign 
country    or    beyond    the    continental    limits    of 
the    United    States    (Porto    Rico.    Hawaii    and 
Panama  Canal  Zone  excepted)    receive   20  per 
cent    increase    in    pay    computed    on    the    base 
pay   and   service  pay  prevailing  prior   to  June 
1,    1917.-   when   an    act    of   congress   increased, 
for   the  "term  of  the  emergency."   the  pay   of 
all  enlisted  men  in  amounts  ranging  from  50 
per  cent   to  8  per  cent. 

(6)  Enlisted  men  attached  to  the  United  States 
military  academy  are  entitled  to  the  same  pay 
and   allowances   as   other  enlisted   men    of   the 
regular  army  of  the  same  grade  and  additional 
compensation   provided  for  performing  certain 
duties  upon  detail  therefor  in  orders. 

For  deeds  of  valor,  recognized  by  acts  of 
congress,  officers  and  enlisted  men  receive  cer- 
tificates of  merit  which  entitle  them  to  an  ad- 
ditional compensation  of  $2  per  month. 


Allowances  at  Retirement. 

Enlisted  men  can  apply  for  retirement  after 
30  years  of  service.  They  are  retired  on  75 
per  cent  of  the  monthly  pay  drawn  at  the 
time  of  retirement,  and  $15.75  a  month  addi- 
tional in  lieu  of  allowances. 

Officers  are  retired  for  disability  or  after  04 
years  of  age,  and  receive  75  per  cent  of  the 
pay  of  the  grade  held  at  date  of  retirement. 

An  enlisted  man  in  active  service  has  no 
necessary  personal  expenses  except  for  barber 
and  laundry.  Uniforms,  underclothing,  shoes, 
hats,  quarters,  medical  attendance  and  sub- 
sistence are  supplied  them  at  government  ex- 
pense. Such  materials  as  tobacco,  postage, 
confectionery  and  incidentals  of  individual 
taste  may  be  purchased  at  the  post  exchange 
at  cost. 

Officers,  while  in  hospital,  are  charged  $1 
per  day  for  subsistence.  They  are  not  en- 
titled to  clothing  or  equipment  and  are  re- 
quired to  subsist  themselves,  purchasing  their 
supplies  either  from  the  quartermaster  or 
through  the  ordinary  channels  of  trade. 


NAVY  PAY  TABLE. 


All  commissioned  officers  of  the  active  list 
of  the  navy  receive  the  same  pay  and  allow- 
ances according  to  rank  and  length  of  service. 
Officers  of  the  medical,  pay  and  construction 
corps,  chaplains,  civil  engineers  and  professors 
of  mathematics  have  the  relative  ranks  of  the 
various  grades  of  the  line,  the  annual  base 
pay  of  each  grade  being  as  follows: 

Admiral   (in  command  of  fleet) $10,000 

Vice-admiral    (second    in    command    of 

fleet)    9,000 

Rear-admiral,  upper  half 8,000 

Rear-admiral,   lower  half 6,000 

Commodore   6.000 

Captain    4,000 

Commander    3,500 

Lieutenant-commander •. 3,000 

Lieutenant    2,400 

Lieutenant   (junior  grade) 2,000 

Ensign  1.700 

To  each  commissioned  officer  below  the  rank 
of  rear-admiral  is  allowed  10  per  cent  of  his 
.yearly  base  pay  "for  each  five  years  of  service 
in  the  army,  navy  and  marine  corps,  but  not 
exceeding  in  all  40  per  cent.  Additional  pro- 
vision is  made  by  law  that  the  pay  of  a 
captain  shall  uot  exceed  $5,000,  a  commander 
$4,500,  and  a  lieutenant-commander  $4,000  per 
annum. 

Sea  and  Foreign  Shore  Duty. 

An  officer  on  sea  or  on  shore  duty  beyond 
the  continental  limits  of  the  United  States  re- 
ceives while  so  serving  10  per  cent  additional 
of  his  pay. 

An  officer  on  shore  duty  where  no  govern- 
ment quarters  are  furnished  is  paid  $12  per 
month  for  each  of  the  number  of  rooms  to 
which  his  rank  entitles  him.  that  is: 

Rooms. 

Rear-admiral,  upper  half 9 

Rear-admiral,  lower  half 8 

Captain    7 

Cpmmander  6 

Lieutenant-commander    5 

Lieutenant    4 

Lieutenant   (junior  grade) 3 

Ensign,  warrant  officer  and  nurse 2 

Varying  allowances  for  heat  and  light,  de- 
pending upon  the  month  and  place  of  duty, 
are  made  for  the  number  of  rooms  actually 
occupied,  but  not  exceeding  the  number  to 
which  an  officer's  rank  entitles  him. 

Aids  to  rear-admirals  of  the  upper  half  are 
each  paid  $200  per  annum  and  aids  to  rear- 
admirals  of  the  lowei  half  $150  each  per 
annum. 

Student  Naval  Aviators. 

Officers  of  the  navy  appointed  student  naval 


allowances  of  the  rank  plus  35  per  cent  in- 
crease thereof,  and  those  officers  who  have 
qualified  as  naval  aviators  shall,  while  so  de- 
tailed, receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of  their 
rank  plus  50  per  cent  thereof. 

Boatswains,  gunners,   pay  clerks,  machinists, 

carpenters,     sailmakers    and    pharmacists     are 

known    as    warrant    officers    and    are    paid    aa 

follows :  On      Waiting 

At  sea.    shore,    orders. 

First  3  years'  service...  .$1,500  $1,125  $875 
Second  3  years'  service..  1,625  1,250  1.000 
Third  3  years'  service...  1.750  1,625  1.125 
Fourth  3  years'  service..  2,000  1.750  1.250 
After  12  years'  service.  .  2.250  2.000  1.500 

Warrant  officers  on  shore  duty  receive  the 
same  allowances  for  quarters  and  heat  and 
light  as  an  ensign. 

After  six  years  from  date  of  warrant  these 
officers  are,  if  duly  qualified,  commissioned 
chief  warrant  officers  and  receive  the  pay  and 
allowances  of  ensign.  After  six  years  from 
date  of  commission  each  commissioned  war- 
rant officer  with  a  creditable  record  receives 
the  pay  and  allowances  of  a  lieutenant  (junior 
grade),  and  after  twelve  years  from  date  of 
commission  the  pay  and  allowances  of  a  lieu- 
tenant. 

Warrant  officers  while  attached  to  a  sea- 
going ship  are  paid  a  ration  allowance  of  40 
cents  per  day. 

All  officers  in  the  regular  navy  are  required 
to  provide  their  own  uniforms  and  to  pay  for 
subsistence  both  ashore  and  afloat. 
The  Enlisted  Personnel. 

The  enlisted  personnel  of  the  navy  is  of  vari- 
ous classifications,  depending  upon  their  duties. 
Entry  into  the  service  is  usually  made  in  the 
lower  ratings  and  the  men  are  advanced  upon 
the  establishment  of  qualifications  for  the 
higher  ratings.  The  following  tables  show 
the  classifications  and  the  base  monthly  pay 
of  each  rating  during  the  present  war  as  pro- 
vided by  the  act  of  May  22,  1917: 
Chief  Petty  Officers. 

Chief   master  at  arms $77.50 

Chief  boatswain's  mates 61.00 

Chief  gunners'    mates 61.00 

Chief  turret   captains 72.00 

Chief  quartermasters  61.00 

"hief  machinists'  mates 83.00 

Chief  electricians    72.00 

Chief  carpenters'   mates 61.00 

Chief  water  tenders 61.00 

Chief  yeomen    72.00 

Chief   storekeepers    61.00 

Chief  pharmacists'    mates 72.00 

Bandmasters     


63.20 

aviators  and  while  detailed  for  duty  involving  :  Chief  commissary   stewards 83.00 

actual   flying  in   aircraft   receive   the   pay   and    Chief  printers    72.00 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


493 


Any  of  the  above-named  chief  petty   officers 
who    has    served    as    such    for    one   year    with 

credit  is  given  what  is  known  as  a  "per- 
manent appointment,"  which  increases  his  base 
pay  to  $83  per  month. 

Petty  Officers,  First  Class. 

Master  at  arms,  first  class $52.00 

Boatswain's  mates,  first  class. .  .\ 52.00 

Gunners'  mates,   first  class 52.00 

Turret  captains,  first  class 61.00 

Quartermasters,  first  class 52.00 

Boilermakers 77.50 

Machinists'  mates,  first  class 66.50 

Coppersmiths  66.50 

Shipfitters.  first  class 66.50 

Electricians,  first  class 61.00 

Blacksmiths  61.00 

Plumbers  and  fitters 55.50 

Sailmakers'    mates 52.00 

Carpenters'  mates,  first  class 52.00 

Water   tenders 52.00 

Painters,  first  class 52.00 

Storekeepers,  first  class 52.00 

Pharmacists'  mates,  first  class 52.00 

Yeomen,  first  class 52.00 

First  musicians 47.60 

Commissary   stewards 72.00 

Ships'  cooks,  first  class 66.50 

Bakers,  first  class 55.50 

Printers,  first  class 52.00 

Petty  Officers.  Second  Class. 

Master  at  arms,  second  class $46.50 

Boatswain's  mates,  second  class 46.50 

Gunners'  mates,  second  class 46.50 

Quartermasters,  second  class 46.50 

Machinists'  mates,  second  class 52.00 

Electricians,  second  class 52.00 

Shipfitters.  second  class 52.00 

Oilers    48.70 

Carpenters'  mates,  second  class 46.50 

Printers,  second  class 46.50 

Painters,   second  class 46.50 

Storekeepers,  second  class 46.50 

Yeomen,  second  class 46.50 

Ships'  cooks,  second  clnss 52.00 

Pharmacists'  mates,  second  ci~oa 46.50 

Petty  Officers,  Third  Class. 

Master  at  arms,  third  class $41.00 

Coxswains   41.00 

Gunners'   mates,   third  class 41 .00 

Quartermasters,  third  class 41.00 

Electricians,  third  class 41.00 

Carpenters'  mates,  third  class 41.00 

Painters,  third  class 41.00 

Storekeepers,  third  class '.....  41.00 

Yeomen,  third  class 41.00 

Pharmacists'  mates,  third  class 41.00 

Seamen,  First  Class. 

Seamen  gunners $36.60 

Seamen    38.40 

Firemen,   first  class 46.50 

Shipwrights    35.50 

Musicians,  first  class 43.20 

Ships'  cooks,  third  class 41.00 

Bakers,  second  class 40.50 

Hospital  apprentice,  first  class 38.40 

Seamen,  Second  Class. 

Seamen,  second  class $35.90 

Firemen,  second  class 41.00 

Musicians,  second  class 41.00 

Buglers    41.00 

Ships'  cooks,   fourth  class 35.50 

Hospital  apprentice,  second  class 35.90 

Seamen,  Third  Class. 

Apprentice    seamen S32.60 

Firemen,   third  class 36.20 

Landsmen    32.60 

Hessmen   Branch. 

Stewards  to  commanders  in  chief  $72.00 

Cooks  to  commanders  in  chief 61.00 

Stewards  to  commandants 72.00 

Cooks  to  commandants 61.00 


Cabin  stewards 61.00 

Cabin  cooks /. .   55.50 

Wardroom  stewards  61.00 

Wardroom  cooks  55.50 

Steerage  stewards $46.50 

Steerage  cooks tl.OQ 

Warrant  officers'   stewards   46.60 

Warrant  officers'  cooks   41.00^ 

Mess     attendants,     first     class      (United 

States   citizen) 41.00 

Mess    attendants,    second    class     (United 

States   citizen) 35.50 

attendants,     third    class     (United 

States   citizen) 37.0O 

Mess  attendants,  first  class    (not  United 

States   citizen) 38.4O 

Mess  attendants,  second  class  (not  Unit- 
ed States  citizen) 37.0O 

Mess  attendants,  third  class   (not  United 

States  citizen) 32.60- 

In  addition  to  the  pay  as  provided  in  the 
above  tables  the  following  amounts  are  also 
paid  monthly  to  each  enlisted  man  who  is 
qualified  to  receive  them: 

$1.50  for  each  successive  re-enlistment  lor 
four  years  within  four  months  of  date  of 
honorable  discharge  from  previous  enlistment. 

$5.50  for  first  re-enlistment  and  $3.30  for 
each  subsequent  re-enlistment,  if  citizen  of  the 
United  States  and  completed  previous  enlist- 
ment. 

$2.20  if  a  seaman  gunner. 

$2.20  if  a  graduate  of  a  petty  officers'  school. 

$5.50  to  a  steward  or  cook  who  holds  a  cer- 
tificate of  qualification  and  is  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States. 

83  cents  for  each  good  conduct  medal  a  man 
holds. 

Extra  Monthly  Compensation. 

The  following  extra  monthly  compensations 
are  paid  to  men  who  perform  the  transient 
duties  specified: 

$5  to  a  seaman  in  charge  of  hold. 

$5  to  a  coxswain  of  a  steam  or  motor  launch. 

$5  to  a  captain  of  a  gun's  crew. 

$5  to  a  jack-of-the-dust. 

$5  to  a  lamplighter. 

$5  to  a  messman. 

From  $10  to  $30  to  a  mail  clerk,  the 
amount  depending  upon  the  complement  of 
the  ship. 

From  $2  to  $10  to  a  man  who  qualifies  at 
target  practice  as  a  gun  pointer,  the  amount 
depending  upon  the  caliber  of  the  gun. 

From  $1  to  $3  to  a  signalman. 

From  $10  to  $20  to  a  tailor  or  tailor's 
helper,  the  amount  depending  upon  the  com- 
plement of  ship. 

Pay  for  Special  Duties. 

For  special  duties  or  details  the  following 
compensations  are  paid: 

$1.20  per  hour  to  divers  for  the  actual 
time  spent  under  water. 

33  cents  per  day  to  seamen  detailed  for  duty 
as  firemen. 

$5  per  month  for  submarine  service. 

$1  per  day  (but  not  exceeding  $15  per 
month)  spent  submerged  in  submarine,  if 
qualified  for  torpedo  work. 

A  man  detained  beyond  the  expiration  of 
his  enlistment  receives  one-fourth  additional 
of  all  pay  while  so  detained. 

A  man  receives  a  gratuity  of  four  months' 
pay  if  he  re-enlists  within  four  months  and 
presents  an  honorable  discharge  from  his  last 
enlistment. 

Each  enlisted  man  receives  on  first  enlist- 
ment an  outfit  of  clothing:  and  small  stores 
free  of  charge.  Any  articles  subsequently 
drawn  are  issued  at  cost  price. 

Enlisted  men  are  subsisted  by  the  govern- 
ment. Men  on  detached  duty  are  furnished 
cash  in  lieu  of  subsistence. 

Men  discharged  are  either  furnished  trans- 
portation to  their  homes  and  all  expenses  while 


494 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


en  route  or  are  paid  4  cents  per  mile  for  the 
total  number  of  miles  from  place  of  discharge 
to  their  homes. 

On  board  each  ship  of  the  navy  and  at  each 
station  on  shore  is  maintained  a  commissary 
store  at  which  may  be  purchased  at  cost  price 
sucii  articles  as  are  usually  sold  in  civilian 
stores  and  shops. 

Officers  on  the  retired  list  receive  three- 
fourths  of  their  active  duty  pay. 

Enlisted  men  are  retired  after  30  years' 
service  and  are  paid  three-fourths  of  total 


pay  and  allowances  they  received  at  date  of 
retirement  and  cash  in  lieu  of  quarters  and 
subsistence. 

Officers  and  men  of  the  naval  reserve  force 
and  the  national  naval  volunteers  while  on 
active  duty  receive  the  same  pay  and  allow- 
ances as  those  of  same  rank  and  length  of 
service  in  the  regular  navy. 

When  first  called  into  active  service  in  time 
of  war  or  national  emergency  a  uniform  gra- 
tuity of  $150  is  allowed  each  officer  of  the 
naval  reserve  and  $60  each  enlisted  man. 


UNITED    STATES    NAVAL    ACADEMY. 

Annapolis,  Md. 


The  United  States  naval  academy  is  a  school 
for  the  practical  and  theoretical  training-  of 
young1  men  for  the  naval  service  of  the  United 
States.  The  students  are  styled  midshipmen. 
The  course  of  study  is 
four  years.  Midship- 
men who  graduate  are 
appointed  to  fill  va- 
cancies in  the  lower 
grade  of  the  line  of 
the  navy,  and  occa- 
sionally to  fill  vacan- 
cies  in  the  marine 
fo\  corps  and  in  certain  of 
the  staff  corps  of  the 
navy. 

Appointments  —  Five 
midshipmen  are  al- 
lowed for  each  sena- 
tor, representative  and 
delegate  in  congress, 
five  for  the  District  of 
Columbia,  fifteen  each 
year  from  the  United 
States  at  large  and 
100  from  enlisted  men 

of  the  navy.  The  appointments  from  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  and  from  the  United  States 
at  large  are  made  by  the  president.  Enlisted 
men  of  the  navy  are  appointed  by  the  secre- 
tary of  the  navy  after  competitive  examination. 
One  midshipman  is  allowed  from  Porto  Rico, 
who  must  be  a  native  of  that  island.  The 
appointment  is  made  by  the  president  on  the 
recommendation  of  the  governor  of  Porto  Rico. 
Candidates  must  be  actual  residents  of  the 
districts  from  which  they  are  nominated. 

Examinations — Two  examinations  for  the  ad- 
mission of  midshipmen  are  held  each  year. 
The  first  is  held  on  the  third  Wednesday  in 
February  and  the  other  on  the  third  Wednes- 
day in  April  under  the  supervision  of  the 
civil  service  commission  at  certain  specified 
points  in  each  state  and  territory.  All  those 
qualifying  mentally,  who  are  entitled  to  ap- 
pointment in  order  of  nomination,  will  be 
notified  by  the  bureau  of  navigation,  navy  de- 


partment. Washington,  D.  C.,  when  to  report 
at  the  academy  for  physical  examination,  and 
if  physically  qualified  will  be  appointed.  Al- 
ternates are  given  the  privilege  of  reporting 
for  mental  examination  at  the  same  time  as 
the  principals.  Examination  papers  are  all 
prepared  at  the  academy  and  the  examinations 
of  candidates  are  finally  passed  upon  by  the 
academic  board.  Certificates  from  colleges  and 
high  schools  will  not  be  accepted  in  lieu  of  the 
entrance  examinations  at  the  naval  academy. 

Mental  Requirements — Candidates  will  be  ex- 
amined in  punctuation,  spelling,  arithmetic,  ge- 
ography. English  grammar.  United  States  his- 
tory, world's  history,  algebra  through  quad- 
ratic equations  and  plane  geometry  (five  books 
of  Chauvenet's  geometry  or  an  equivalent) . 

Physical  Requirements— All  candidates  are  re- 
quired to  be  citizens  of  the  United  States  and 
must  be  not  less  than  16  years  of  age  nor 
more  than  20  years  of  age  on  April  1  of  the 
calendar  year  in  which  they  enter  the  naval 
academy.  A  candidate  is  eligible  for  appoint- 
ment the  day  he  becomes  16  and  is  ineligible 
on  the  day  he  becomes  20  years  of  age.  Can- 
didates are  required  to  be  of  good  moral  char- 
acter, physically  sound,  well  formed  and  of 
robust  constitution.  The  height  of  candidates 
for  admission  must  not  be  less  than  five  feet 
two  inches  between  the  ages  of  16  and  18 
years,  and  not  less  than  five  feet  four  inches 
between  the  ages  of  18  and  20  years.  The 
minimum  weight  at  16  years  is  105  pounds, 
with  an  increase  of  five  pounds  for  each  ad- 
ditional year  or  fraction  of  a  year  over  one- 
half.  Candidates  must  be  unmarried. 

Pay— The  pay  of  a  midshipman  is  $750  a 
year,  beginning  at  the  date  of  his  admissipn. 
Midshipmen  must  supply  themselves  with 
clothing,  books,  etc..  the  total  expense  of 
which  amounts  to  $350.  Traveling  expenses 
to  the  academy  are  paid  by  the  government. 

Enlistment — Each  midshipman  on  admission 
is  required  to  sign  articles  by  which  he  binds 
himself  to  serve  in  the  United  States  navy 
during  the  pleasure  of  the  president  of  the 
United  States. 


UNITED    STATES   MILITARY   ACADEMY. 

West  Point.  N.  Y. 


The  United  States  military  academy  is  a 
school  for  the  practical  and  theoretical  train- 
ing of  cadets  for  the  military  service  of  the 
United  States.  When  any  cadet  has  completed 
the  course  of  three 
rears  satisfactorily  he 
is  eligible  for  promo- 
tion and  commission 
as  a  second  lieutenant 
in  any  arm  or  corps 
in  the  army  in  which 
there  may  be  a  va- 
cancy, the  duties  of 
which  he  may  have 
been  judged  compe- 
tent to  perform. 

Appointments — Each 

congressional   district    and    territory,    including 
Porto  Rico.  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  is  entitled  to 


have  two  cadets  at  the  academy.  The  District 
of  Columbia  has  two.  Each  state  is  also  en- 
titled to  have  four  cadets  from  the  state  at 
large  and  eighty-two  are  allowed  from  the 
United  States  at  large,  two  of  whom  are  ap- 
pointed upon  the  recommendation  of  the  vice- 
president  and  twenty  from  among  honor  grad- 
uates of  "honor  schools."  The  president  is 
also  authorized  to  appoint  not  to  exceed  180 
men  from  the  regular  army  and  national 
guard  who  have  served  for  one  year.  The  total 
number  in  the  academy  in  September,  1919. 
was  909.  The  appointments  from  a  congres- 
sional district  are  made  upon  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  representative  in  congress  from 
that  district  and  those  from  the  state  at  largf 
upon  the  recommendations  of  the  senators  of 
the  state.  The  appointments  for  the  United 
States  at  large  are  made  by  the  president  upon 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


4S5 


his  own  selection.  The  appointments  from  the 
District  of  Columbia  are  made  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  district  commissioners  and 
those  from  Porto  Rico  on  the  recommendation 
of  the  resident  commissioner.  As  far  as  prac- 
ticable appointments  are  made  one  year  in 
advance  of  admission.  For  each  candidate  ap- 
pointed two  alternates  should  be  nominated. 
Four  cadets  from  the  Philippines  are  admitted. 

Examinations— On  the  third  Tuesday  in  Feb- 
ruary of  each  year  the  candidate  selected  for 
appointment  must  appear  for  mental  and  phys- 
ical examination  before  boards  of  army  of- 
ficers at  such  places  as  the  war  department 
may  designate.  Candidates  who  pass  will  be 
admitted  to  the  academy  on  June  14  following-. 

Mental  Requirements— Each  candidate  must 
show  that  he  is  well  versed  in  algebra,  to  in- 
clude quadratic  equations  and  progressions, 
plane  geometry.  English  grammar,  composition 
and  literature,  and  general  and  United  States 
history.  Under  certain  conditions  fully  ex- 
plained in  the  war  department  circular  of  in- 
formation relative  to  the  appointment  and 
admission  of  cadets,  a  copy  of  which  may  be 
obtained  upon  application  to  the  adjutant  of 


the  academy,  candidates  may.  upon  presenta- 
tion of  satisfactory  high  school  or  college 
certificates,  be  excused  from  the  mental  exami- 
nation. 

Physical  Requirements— No  candidate  will  be 
admitted  who  is  under  17  or  over  22  years  of 
age,  or  less  than  five  feet  four  inches  in 
height  at  the  age  of  17,  or  five  feet  five 
inches  at  the  age  of  18  and  upward,  or  who 
is  deformed  or  afflicted  with  any  disease  or 
infirmity  which  would  render  him  unfit  for 
military  service.  Candidates  must  be  unmar- 
ried. 

Pay— The  pay  of  a  cadet  is  $780  a  year  and 
one  ration  a  day  or  commutation  therefor  at 
68  cents  a  day.  The  total  is  $1. 028.20  to  be- 
gin with  his  admission  to  the  academy.  No 
cadet  is  allowed  to  receive  money  or  other 
supplies  from  his  parents  or  from  any  other 
person  without  the  sanction  of  the  superin- 
tendent. 

Enlistment— Before  receiving:  his  warrant  of 
appointment  a  candidate  for  admission  is  re- 
quired to  sign  an  agreement  to  serve  in  the 
army  of  the  United  States  eight  years  from 
the  time  of  his  admission  to  the  academy. 


PRISON  TERMS  FOB  SOCIALIST  LEADERS. 


On  March  9,  1918,  it  was  made  public  that 
five  of  the  most  prominent  socialists  in  the 
country  had  been  indicted  by  a  federal  grand 
jury  in  Chicago  on  Feb.  2.  They  were: 

Victor  L.  Berger,  Milwaukee,  former  con- 
gressman and  then  candidate  for  the  United 
States  senate  from  Wisconsin. 

Adolph  Germer,  Chicago  national  secretary 
of  the  socialist  party. 

J.  Louis  Engdahl,  Chicago  editor  of  the 
American  Socialist. 

William  F.  Kruse,  Chicago,  of  American  Lib- 
erty Defense  league. 

Irwin  St.  John  Tucker,  Chicago,  of  "peace 
party"  fame  and  author  of  "The  Price  We 
Pay"  and  other  antiwar  literature.  , 

The  indictments  dated  back  to  activities  in 
opposition  to  the  draft  and  other  alleged  ef- 
forts to  defeat  the  policies  of  the  government 
in  connection  with  the  war.  The  defendants 
were  accused  of  disloyalty  and  obstructing  re- 
cruiting work  and  by  public  utterances  and 
writings  to  have  interfered  with  the  : 
tary  plans  of  the  United  States.  The  men 
were  not  indicted  as  socialists  or  because  oi 
their  connection  with  the  socialist  party,  t-acn 
was  indicted  for  individual  acts  alleged  to  have 

beTheCindfcimeednt  set  forth  that  the  speeches 
articles,  pamphlets,  pictures,  etc.,  were  sucn 
as  persistently  dwelt  upon  the  evils  and  hor- 
rors of  the  war  without  mentioning  any  con- 
sideration in  favor  thereof  and  "upon  the  de- 
sirability and  necessity  of  avoiding  and  stop- 
ping the  war  and  opposing  the  further  prose- 
cution thereof  at  all  costs  and  regardless .  of 
the  patriotic  duty  of  the  persons  constituting 
the  military  and  naval  forces  of  the  United 
States." 

The  indictment  set  forth  twenty-six  overt 
acts  alleged  to  have  been  done  in  furtherance 
of  the  unlawful  conspiracy.  Among  these 
were  the  printing  and  distributing  of  "Proc- 
lamation of  War  Program"  and  other  pam- 
phlets, the  printing  of  different  items  in  the 
American  Socialist  and  the  Milwaukee  Leader. 

The  defendants  were  brought  t9  trial  in  the 
United  States  Circuit  court,  Chicago,  before 
Judge  Kenesaw  M.  Landis  Dec.  6,  1918.  The 
testimony  was  concluded  Jan.  4.  1919,  and 
after  arguments  by  counsel  the  case  was  given 
to  the  jury  on  Jan.  9.  On  the  same  day  the 
jurymen  returned  a  verdict  finding  all  the  de- 
fendants guilty  as  charged  in  the  indictment. 
They  were  released  under  $10,000  bonds  each 


pending  the  hearing  of  a  motion  for  a  new 
trial  on  Jan.  23.  Sentence  was  withheld  by 
Judge  Landis  until  that  time. 

Some  delay  occurred,  but  the  defendants  had 
a  hearing  before  Judge  Landis  the  first  week 
in  February.  On  Feb.  20  he  denied  a  writ 
for  a  supersedeas  and  sentenced  each  of  the 
defendants  to  twenty  years'  imprisonment  in 
the  federal  penitentiary  at  Leavenworth,  Kas. 
After  remaining  seven  hours  in  the  custody  of 
the  United  States  marshal  the  defendants  were 
released  on  $25,000  bonds  each  by  Judge  Sam- 
uel Alschuler  in  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court  of  Appeals,  to  which  tribunal  they  had 
appealed  on  a  writ  of  error.  Before  accepting1 
the  bonds  Judge  Alschuler  made  each  of  the 
defendants  give  a  pledge  that  neither  by  word 
nor  deed  would  he  do  any  of  the  things  for 
which  he  had  been  convicted. 

MOTOR  CARS  AND  TRUCKS  IN  THE  UNITED 
STATES. 

On  July  1,  1919.  there  were  in  the  United 
States  6.353,233  registered  motor  cars  and 
trucks.  Estimating  their  average  value  at 
$1.20Q  each,  the  total  value  of  all  the  cars 
then  in  use  was  more  than  $7,623.879.000. 
The  cars  were  distributed  among-  the  states  aa 
follows: 


Ohio    464,826 

New  York 436,932 

Pennsylvania  .407,923 

Illinois  401.371 

California    ....349,734 

Iowa    276,500 

Michigan    273,396 

Texas   249,346 

Indiana    246.000 

Minnesota  ....229,570 
Wisconsin  ....212.490 
Massachusetts.31 0.063 

Kansas  206,033 

Missouri   201,484 

Nebraska  183.000 

New  Jersey. ...144, 763 
Washington  ..125.219 

Oklahoma  124,501 

Georgia   

South  Dakota 

Colorado  

Connecticut    . 
Tennessee    . . . 


115.454 
91.808 
88.315 
85.200 
84.000 
82,000 


Virginia 

North  Carolina  79.475 

Maryland  75,590 


Kentucky  75259 

North    Dakota  73.015 

Oregon   65.417 

South  Carolina  59.000 

Alabama    55.403 

Montana    53.420 

Florida    48.598 

Louisiana    46,150 

West    Virginia  45.019 

Maine  43.656 

Arkansas   43,238 

Mississippi    ...  39,399 
District  of 
Columbia    ..   37,928 

Idaho    35,817 

Utah    30.760 

NewHampshire  26,230 
Rhode    Island.   26.112 


Total 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK    FOR    1920. 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  NAVY  AND  MARINE    CORPS. 

Oct.  1.  1919. 


Commander-in-chief— President    Woodrow    Wil-    W.  S.  Smith. 


Secretary  of  the  Navy — Josephus  Daniels. 
Assistant   Secretary   of   the  Navy— Franklin  D. 

Roosevelt. 

SECRETARY'S  ADVISORY  COUNCIL. 
The    assistant    secretary    and    Admiral    W.    S. 

Benson,   chief   of  naval   operations. 
Rear-Admiral  T.  Washington,   chief  of  bureau 

of  navigation. 
Rear-Admiral  R.  S.  Griffin,  chief  of  bureau  of 

steam  engineering1. 
Rear-Admiral    R.    Earle.    chief    of    bureau    of 

ordnance. 
Rear-Admiral  W.  C.  Braisted.   chief  of  bureau 

of  medicine  and  surgery. 
Rear-Admiral  S.  MeGowan.  chief  of  bureau  of 


T.  Snowden. 
E.  R.  Stitt. 
J.  Strauss. 


D.  W.  Taylor. 
R.  Welles. 
H.  A.  Wiley. 
S.  S.  Wood. 


MARINE  CORPS. 

Commandan  t . 
Mai  .-Gen.   George  Barnett. 


George  Barnett. 


Major-Generals. 


Littleton  W.  T.  Waller. 


John  A.  Lejeune. 

Brigadier-Generals. 


Wendell  C.  Neville. 
Joseph  H.  Pendleton. 
Cyrus  S.  Radford. 
George  Richards. 


chief  of  bureau 
of  construction  and  repair. 

Rear- Admiral  C.  W.  Parks,  chief  of  bureau  of 
yards  and  docks. 

Rear-Admiral  G.  R.  Clark,  judge-advocate  gen- 
eral. 

Commander  P.  W.  Foote,  aid. 

Ensign   F.   Eggert. 

Maj.-Gen.  Commandant   G.  Barnett,   command- 
ant of  marine  corps. 

GENERAL  BOARD. 

Admiral  W.  S.  Benson,   chief  of  naval  opera- 
tions. 

Admiral   H.  T.   Mayo. 

Rear-Admiral  F.  F.  Fletcher. 

Rear-Admiral  A.  G.  Winterhalter. 

Rear-Admiral  C.  J.  Badger  (retired). 

Capt.  L.  A.  Cotton. 

Lieut.-Comdr.  H.  F.  Kingman    (aid). 

Lieut.-Comdr.  F.  L.  Sandoz  (retired),  secretary. 

Lieut.-Col.  L.  C.  Lucas  (retired) . 

JOINT  BOARD. 
Admiral  W.  S.  Benson. 
Rear-Admiral  F.  F.  Fletcher. 
Rear-Admiral  J.  S.  McKean. 
Rear-Admiral  J.  H.  Oliver. 
Rear-Admiral  C.  J.  Badger  (retired). 
Capt.  C.  T.  Owens. 
Lieut.-Comdr.  F.  L.  Sandoz   (retired),  recorder. 

NAVY. 

Admirals. 

W.  S.  Benson.  H.  Rodman. 

A.  Gleaves.  H.  B.  Wilson. 

V ice- Admirals. 

W.  L.  Rogers. 


H.  P.  Jones. 
C.  S.  Williams. 

Rear- A  dm  irals. 

E.  A.  Anderson.  J^  A.  Hpogewerff. 

G.  H.  Barber. 


F.  B.  Bassett. 
W.  C.  Braisted 
M.  L.  Bristol. 
B.    C.    Bryan. 

W.  H.  G.  Bullard. 

G.  H.  Burrage. 
W.  B.  Caperton. 
W.  L.  Capps. 

G.   R.  Clark. 
T.   J.   Cowles. 

B.  C.  Decker. 
H.  O.  Dunn. 
Charles  L.  Dyson. 
R.  Earle. 

E.  W.  Eberle. 
A.   F.   Fechteler. 
W.  B.  Fletcher. 
J.  H.  Glennon. 
A.  W.  Grant. 

C.  T.   Grayson. 
R.   S.  Griffin. 
A.  S.  Halstead. 
J.  M.  Helm. 


W.  L.  Howard. 

C.  F.  Hughes. 
J.  L.  Jayne. 
M.  Johnston. 
R.  M.  Kennedy. 
T.  W.  Kinkaid 
G.  W.  Kline. 
H.  S.  Knapp. 
A.  T.  Long. 

D.  J.  McDonald. 
S.  MeGowan. 

J.  S.  McKean. 
A.  P.  Niblack. 
H.  P.  Norton. 
J.  H.  Oliver. 
J.  W.  Oman. 
C.  W.  Parks. 
C.  J.  Peoples. 
C.  P.  Plunkett. 
A.  R.  Robertson. 
S.  F.  Robinson. 
H.  H.  Rousseau. 
A.  H.  Scales. 
W.  S.  Sims. 


Albertus  W.  Cathn. 
Eli  K.  Cole. 
C.  H.  Lauchheimer. 
Charles  G.  Long. 
Charles  L.  McCawley. 

UNITED   STATES  FLEETS   AND   STATIONS. 

Oct.  1,  1919. 

Atlantic  Fleet— Commander-in-chief,  Admiral  H. 
B.  Wilson  (flag.  Pennsylvania). 

Battle  Ship  Squadron  Two— Commander.  Vice- 
Admiral  H.  P.  Jones  (flag.  Connecticut). 

Battle  Ship  Squadron  Three— Commander.  Ad- 
miral H.  B.  Wilson  (flag.  Pennsylvania). 

Cruiser  Division  One— Commander.  Rear-Admiral 
E.  A.  Anderson  (flag.  Huntington). 

Destroyer  Squadron  Three  (active)— Command- 
er. Rear-Admiral  C.  P.  Plunkett  (flag. 
Rochester) . 

Destroyer  Squadron  One  (reserve)— Command- 
er. Rear-Admiral  C.  P.  Plunkett  (flag.  Ches- 

Mine  Detachment— Commander.  Rear-Admiral 
J.  Strauss  (flag,  San  Francisco). 

Train— Commander.  Rear-Admiral  H.  McL.  P. 
Huse  (flag.  Columbia). 

Pacific  Fleet— Commander-in-chief,  Admiral  H. 
Rodman  (flag.  New  Mexico). 

Battle  Ship  Squadron  One— Commander.  Vice- 
Admiral  C.  S.  Williams  (flag.  Vermont). 

Battle  Ship  Squadron  Four— Commander.  Ad- 
miral H.  Rodman  (flag.  New  Mexico). 

Cruiser  Division  Two— Commander,  Capt.  J.  R. 
Y.  Blakely  (flag-,  Seattle). 

Destroyer  Squadron  Four  (active) — Command- 
er. Rear- Admiral  H.  A.  Wiley  (flag;  Birming- 
ham). 

Destroyer  Squadron  Two  (reserve)— Command- 
er, Rear-Admiral  H.  A.  Wiley  (flag-,  Salem). 

Train — Commander,  Rear-Admiral  S.  S.  Wood 
(flag.  Minneapolis). 

United  States  Naval  Forces  in  European  Wa- 
ters—Commander, Rear-Admiral  H.  S.  Knapp 
(flag,  Chattanooga). 

United  States  Asiatic  Fleet — Commander-in- 
chief.  Admiral  A.  Gleaves  (flag.  South  Da- 
kota) . 

NAVAL  TRAINING  STATIONS. 

Newport,  R.  I.— Capt.  E.  H.  Campbell,  com- 
manding. 

Pelham  Bay  Park.  N.  Y.— Capt.  J.  W.  Tim- 
mons.  commanding. 

Hampton  Roads,  Va. — Capt.  M.  W.  Crose.  com- 
mandant. 

Great  Lakes,  El.— Rear-Admiral  F.  B.  Bassett. 
commandant. 

San  Francisco,  Cal. — Capt.  H.  B.  Price,  com- 
mandant. 

UNITED   STATES  NAVY  YARDS. 

Washington.  D.  C.— Rear-Admiral  A.  W.  Grant, 
commandant. 

Boston,  Mass. — Rear-Admiral  S.  F.  Robinson, 
commandant. 

Portsmouth,  N.  H.— Rear-Admiral  C.  J.  Boush. 
commandant. 

New  York.  N.  Y.— Rear-Admiral  J.  D.  Mc- 
Donald, commandant. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.— Rear-Admiral  C.  F.  Hughes, 
commandant. 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK    FOR    1920. 


407 


Norfolk,     Va.— Capt.     B.    P.     Hutchison,    com- 
mandant. 
Charleston.    S.   C.— Rear-Admiral   B.   C.   Bryan. 

Commandant. 

Mare    Island,    Cal.— Capt.    E.    L.    Beach,    com- 
mandant. 

Bremerton.     Wash. — Capt.    H.    A.    Field,    com- 
mandant. 

ARMAMENT  OF  BIG  FIGHTING  SHIPS 
The  United  States  battle  cruisers  when  built 
will,  unless  the  plans  are  changed,  carry  eight 
16-inch  and  fourteen  6-inch  guns  each.  The 
latest  battle  ships  are  armed  with  from  twelve 
14-inch  to  twelve  16-inch  guns.  The  battle 
ships  built  between  1902  and  1910  have  four 
12-inch  and  eight  8-inch  guns,  while  those  in 
commission  built  since  then  have  from  eight 
12-inch  to  twelve  14-inch  guns.  The  armored 
cruisers  are  armed  chiefly  with  8-inch,  10-inch 
and  6-inch  guns. 

PERSONNEL  OF  U.  S.  NAVY. 
In  October,    1918.   the  strength  of  the  vari- 
ous branches  of  the  naval  service  was  as  fol- 
lows: 

Service.  Men.     Officers.  Total. 

Regular  navy  218.322     9,411  227,733 

Naval  reserve  force.... 270.424  19,619  290.043 

Marine  corps   66.105     2.271     68.376 

Coast  guard  6,106         665        6,771 


Total    officers    and 
men  560.957  31,966  592,923 

By  Oct.  1.  19.19.  the  number  of  enlisted  men 
had  been  cut  down  to  191,000.  In  the  naval 
appropriation  act  approved  July  11,  1919,  it 
•was  provided: 

"The  total  authorized  enlisted  strength  of 
the  active  list  of  the  navy  is  hereby  tempo- 
rarily increased  from  131,485  during  the  pe- 
riod from  July  1.  1919,  to  Sept.  30.  1919,  to 
241.000  men.  and  from  Oct.  1,  1919,  to  Dec. 
31.  1919.  to  191.000  men.  and  from  Jan.  1. 
1920,  to  June  30,  1920,  to  170.000  men,  and 
the  president  is  hereby  authorized,  whenever  in 
fcis  judgment  a  sufficient  national  emergency 
exists,  to  increase  the  authorized  enlisted 
strength  of  the  navy  to  191,000  men,  and  the 
secretary  of  the  navy  is  hereby  authorized  to 


call  to  or  continue  on  active  service  on  strictly 
naval  duties,  with  their  consent,  such  numbers 
of  the  male  members  and  nurses  of  the  naval 
reserve  force  in  enlisted  ratings  as  may  be 
necessary  to  supply  deficiencies  to  maintain  the 
total  authorized  strength  for  the  periods  herein 
authorized.  The  foregoing  total  authorized 
strength  shall  include  the  hospital  corps,  ap- 
prentice seamen,  those  sentenced  by  court- 
martial  to  discharge,  enlisted  men  of  the  fly- 
ing corps,  those  under  instruction  in  trade 
schools,  and  members  of  the  naval  reserve 
force  so  serving.  That  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1920,  no  member  of  the  naval 
reserve  force  shall  be  recalled  to  active  duty 
for  training  or  any  other  purpose  except  as 
hereinbefore  provided :  Provided,  That  the  aver- 
age  number  of  commissioned,  officers  of  the 
line,  permanent,  temporary  and  reserves  on 
active  duty,  shall  not  exceed  during  the  pe- 
riods aforesaid.  4  per  centum  of  the  total 
temporary  authorized  enlisted  strength  of  the 
regular  and  temporary  navy,  and  members  of 
the  naval  reserve  force  in  enlisted  ratings  on 
active  duty,  and  the  number  of  staff  officers 
shall  be  in  the  same  proportion  as  provided 
under  existing-  law:  Provided  further.  That 
nothing  herein  shall  be  construed  as  affecting 
the  permanent,  commissioned  or  enlisted 
strength  of  the  regular  navy  as  authorized  by 
existing  law." 

UNITED   STATES    NAVAL    STATIONS. 


Cavite.  P.  I. 


Newport,   R.  I. 


Guantauamo  bay,    Olongapo,  P.  I. 


Pearl  Harbor,  Hawaii. 
San  Juan.  P.  R. 
Tutuila,   Samoa.         « 
Virgin  islands. 


Cuba. 
Guam. 

Key   West,  Fla. 
New  London,  Conn. 
New  Orleans,  La. 

SUBMARINE  BASES. 

Cavite.  P.  I.  New  London,  Conn. 

Coco  Solo.  C.  Z.  Pearl  Harbor.  Hawaii. 

Hampton  Roads,  Va.        San  Pedro,   Cal. 
Key  West,  Fia. 

TORPEDO  STATIONS. 
Alexandria.   Va.  Keyport,   Wash. 

Newport,  R.  I. 


B 
Name. 
Alabama 

A.TTLI 
Built. 
1900 
1917 
1912 

SHIPS  OF  TE 

:  SHIPS. 

tTons.  $  Speed. 
11,552      17.01 
34,400      21.0 
26,000      21.0 
32,300      21.0 
32.600      21.0 
16,000      18.78 
20,000      21.56 
21,825      21.04 
14.948      19.2 
32.000      21.0 
11,552      17.45 
10,288      15.55 
11.340     17.1 
16,000     18.1 
11,520      16.8 
11.520      16.9 
16,000      18.82 
12.500      18.0 
32,600      21.0 
10,288      16.21 
16.000      18.79 
16,000      18.85 
32,000      21.0 
12,500      18.15 
43,200      23.0 
14,948      19.06 
27,500      20.53 
16,000      18.16 
14,948      19.18 
32,000     21.0 

IE  UNI 
Oct.  1 

§Men. 
592 
1,630 
1,594 
1,630 
1,630 
1,304 
1,384 
11,384 
812 
1,600 
861 
851 
886 
1,333 
883 
883 
1,305 
960 
1,600 
851 
1,156 
1,323 
1,600 
1,098 

i.iis 

1,598 
1,344 
1,118 
1,560 

FED  STATES  NA 
1919. 
Name.               * 
New    York  
North  Carolina  1). 
North  Dakota... 
Ohio    

VY. 

Built. 
1914 

igio 

1904 
1915 
1896 
1916 
1906 
1910 

19A3 
1911 
1907 

tTons.  t  Speed. 
27,000     21.47 
43,200     23.0 
20,000     21.01 
12,500     17.82 
27,500     20.58 
10,288     16.79 
31,400     21.05 
14.948      19.01 
16,000      18.86 
43,200      23.0 
32,300      21.0 
27,000      21.05 
21.825      21.04 
16,000      18.33 
14.948      19.01 
32.600      21.0 
32,600      21.0 
11,552      17.17 
26,000     22.22 

CRUISERS. 
9,700      22.04 
13,680      22.41 
13,680      22.15 
14.500      22.26 
14,500      21.91 
13,680      22.44 
13.680      22.24 
9.700      22.13 
14,500      22.27 
13,680     22.24 

§Men. 
1,546 

1,286 
960 
1,628 
851 
1,560 
1,142 
1,356 

1,628 
1,384 
1,344 
1,143 

'834 
1,594 

795 
1,125 
1,125 
1,151 
1,151 
1,125 
1,125 
799 
1,151 
1.125 

Arizona 

Arkansas  
California!! 

Oklahoma     
Oregon  
Pennsylvania    ... 
Rhode   Island  
South  Carolina.. 
South   Dakota)).. 
Tennessee  ||     
Texas 

Colorado  ||    
Connecticut    
Delaware  
Florida     
Georgia    

19Q6 
1910 
1911 
1906 
1919 
1901 
1895 
1897 
1907 
1899 
1899 
1906 
1902 

Idaho  

Illinois 

Utah  ...  . 

Iowa     ... 

Vermont  

Virginia             .  . 

Kearsarge 

Washington  II    ... 
West  Virginia!).. 
Wisconsin  

d9oi 

1912 
ORED 
1906 
190.", 
1905 
1908 
1908 
1905 
1905 
1906 
1906 
1907 

Kentucky  

Louisiana    

Maine  .... 

Wyoming    

ARM 

Charleston   .  . 
Frederick    
Huntington    .... 
Montana    
North  Carolina. 
Pittsburgh    
Pueblo    
St.  Louis  

Maryland!) 

Massachusetts   .. 
Michigan  

1896 
1910 
1907 
1917 
1903 

1907 
1915 
1908 
1906 
1918 

Mississippi  
Missouri       .     . 

Montana  II 

Nebraska 

Nevada  
New    Hampshire. 
New   Jersey  
New   Mexico  

Seattle  

South   Dakota... 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAB-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


CBUISEBS—  I 
Name.               *Built. 

'IBST  CLASS. 
fTons.  iSpeed.     §Men. 
9.215      21.91         702 
8.200     21.0           627 

:COND  CLASS. 
4,500     19.0           433 
7.350      22.80         480 
7.350      23.07         489 
5,865     21.69        439 

'HIBD  CLASS. 
3.430     20.53        338 
2,089      18.9            275 
3.750      24.33         422 
3,200      16.65         311 
3.750      26.52         404 
3.183      19.91         329 
3,200      16.45         311 
3.200      16.75         330 
3.200      16.65         330 
3,200     16.41         349 
§.430      20.00         338 
.183      21.12         294 
3,750     25.95         404 
3.200     16.58         311 
cement.      $  Knots.      §In- 
er   construction   or   au- 

CBUISEBS. 
Tons.       Speed. 
35.300          35.0 
35,300          35.0 
35.300          35.0 

Name. 
Sreene    

Tons. 
1,215 
1,165 
1,185 
1,185 
1,154 
1,213 
1,185 
1,185 
1,185 
742 
1,213 
1,185 
1,215 
1,185 
742 
742 
742 
1,185 
1,154 
1,154 
1,185 
1,213 
1,185 
1  215 
1,165 

Name.                 Tons. 
Stevens   1,189 

Rochester  H893 
CBUISEBS—  SI 
Chicago   1887 
Columbia                  1893 

Gridley  . 

Stribling     l',l85 
Stringham  "l  185 

Hale  

Haraden  

Talbot     1,165 
Talbot,  J    Fred  1  165 

Minneapolis    ....    1894 
OlymDia    1894 

Hart    
Hazlewood    .... 
Henley    

Tarbell    l!l62 
Tatnall     d  213 

Taylor    .                 1  152 

CBUISEBS—1] 
Albany                     1900 

Hopewell  
Ingraham  

Terry    '744 
Thatcher    1  185 

Anniston  1893 

Ingram  

Thomas     1,213 

Birmingham  ....   1908 
Chattanooga  ....   1904 
Chester  1908 

Jenkins  
Jouett 

Thornton    1,215 
Tingey    1,215 
Trippe    740 

Cincinnati    1894 
Cleveland   1903 
Denver  1904 

Kalk  
Kennison  
Kilty  

Twiggs     1,211 
Upshur    1,165 
Wadsworth    ....   1,060 
Wainwright    ...   1,150 
Walke    742 
Walker    1,185 
Ward  1,154 

Galveston   1904 
New  Orleans  1898 
Baleigh    1893 
Salem   1908 

Kimberley  
Lamberton  
LaYisdale  
Laub  
Lea  

Tacoma    1904 
•'Completed.      fDispla 
eluding-   officers.      UUnc 
thorized. 
BATTLE 
Name. 

Constellation     
Saratoga  

Little  
Luce  
Ludlow  
MacDonough  .  . 
Mackenzie  .... 
Maddox  
Mahan  

1,185 
1,165 
1,185 
400 
1.185 
1,185 
1,135 
1,085 
1,185 
742 
742 
1,215 
1,215 
1,215 
1,020 
1,185 
1,185 
1,215 
1,185 
742 
1,213 
1.215 
1.185 
1.185 
1,050 
1,050 
1,815 
1,036 
742 
740 
742 
1,154 
1,090 
1,213 
1,213 
1.165 
1.185 
1,185 
1.185 
1,185 

746 

Waters  '.'.'.'.   1,165 
Wickes  1,154 
Wilkes    1  100 
Williams   1  185 

Winslow     1,053 
Woolsey    1154 
Yarnall    1,165 
Lebanon      (am- 
munition 

Banger    35.300          35.0 
Constitution    35.300          35.0 
United  States  35,300          35.0 
Note—  No  start  had  been  made  on  the  battle 
cruisers   up   to   Oct.   1,    1919.    The  plans   for 
their  construction  were  being-  revised. 
MONITOBS. 
Name.                                            Tons.        Speed. 
Amphitrite    3,990          10.50 
Cheyenne     3.225          11.80 
Monadnock     3,990          11.63 
Monterey   4,084         13.60 

McCall  
McCalla  
McCook  
McDermut  .... 
McDougal  

ship)     3,285 
Mallard  1  009 
Oriole          1,009 
Ortolan    1,009 
Osprey   ..               1  009 

Owl    l'.009 

McKee  

Partridge    1,009 
Patapgco    755 
Patuxent    755 
Pelican    1,009 
Penguin    1.009 
Pigeon    1.009 
Prometheus    ...12,585 

McLanahan  ... 
Meredith  
Monaghan  
Montgomery  ... 
Morris  

Tonopah    

TOBPEDO    VESS3 
In  commission 
Name.                 Tons. 
Aaron  Ward  ...  1.154 
Abbott    1.213 
Allen    1.071 

3,225          12.40 
3,225          13.04 

3L    DESTBOYEBS. 
L  Oct.  1,  1919. 
Name.                 Tons. 
Chester    
Chew   1,185 
Cole    1.165 
Calhoun     1.185 

Murray  
Nicholson  
O'Brien  
Palmer  
Parker 

Quail    1,009 
Rail    1,009 
Robin    709 
Samoa    
Sanderling-    1,009 
San      Francisco 
(mine      depot 
ship)     4.083 
|ea  Gull  1,009 
Shawmut    

Patterson  ..... 
Paulding-  

Philip  
Porter  

Anthony     1,185 
Aylwin    1.036 
Badger     1.165 
Bailey   1,215 

Conner   1,121 
Conyngham   ....   1,090 
Cowell    1,185 
Crane    1,185 

Badford  
Bamsay  
Bathburne  
Renshaw  

Snail   1.009 
Supply     4.325 
Swallow    1.009 
Swan    1.009 

Balch    1.036 
Ballard    1,215 
Bancroft   1,215 
Barney   1,165 
Beale    742 

Craven   1,085 
Crosby    1,185 
Crowninshield...  1,154 
Cummings    1,020 
Cushing  1,050 

Pinggold  
Rizal  

Rochester  
Roe  

Teal    1,009 
Tern     1,009 
Thrush    1.009 
Turkey    1,009 

Belknap  1,215 
Bell    1.184 
Benham    1,036 
Bernadou   1.165 
Biddle                  .   1  165 

Davis    1,071 
Delphy   1,215 
Dent    ...           ..   1,165 
Dorsey    1.165 

Roper  

Sampson  
Schley  
«h  a,  w  

1.165 
1.120 
1.125 
1.180 
1.115 
1,215 
1.180 
70? 
1.185 
745 
TRAW 


Vestal      (repair 
ship)     12.585 
Vesuvius     (tor- 
pedo   practice 
ship)     930 
Whippoorwill  .!  1.009 
Widg-eon     1,009 

Bittern    .            .   1.009 

PTinbnck  

Blakely       .     .  .  1  165 

S's-onrney  
Smith  

Boggs            1,154 

Dupont                    1  165 

Breckenridge    ..   1,165 
Breese                     1  213 

Dyer                        1  185 

Snroston  

Woodcock    1,009 

LERS. 
Duffy,   Sam  

Edwards     1,215 
Elliot                        1  165 

Sterett  

Buchanan    1,154 
Burns     1,185 

Buckley.  Thos. 
Blackhorn,  Thos. 
Caldwell,  Wm.. 

SI 
Culgoa 

Ellis    1.165 

Bush     .             ..1.185 
Caldwell  1.085 
Cassin     1,020 

Evans    1,154 



Lantry.    Thos  

Fairfax    1.154 

JPPLT  SHIPS. 

fVlti/» 

Fanning-    742 
Poote    1.185 
Gamble  1,213 

Champlin   1.185 
Chauncey   1,215  ' 

Bappahannock.. 

Glacier   .. 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


SUBMARINES. 
There  were  eighty-six  submarines  in  commis- 
sion in  the  United   States  navy  Oct.   1.    1919. 
They  are  not  named  but  are  distinguished  by 
letters  and  numbers,  as  B-l.  C-5,  etc. 

GUNBOATS. 
In  commission   Oct.   1.    1919. 
Name.                  Tons.        Name.                  Tons. 
Dolphin   1,486     Sacramento   1.422 

Name.                  Tons. 
Sagamore    .     .       1  000 

Name.                  Tons. 
Tatnuck              .    . 

Sonoma     

Uncas    441 

Sea    Rover  

Undaunted   450 
Wando    575 

Standish    450 

Tapousac    ......    . 

Wompatuck    «.      462 
TUGS. 
Penacook        .  .        232 

YARD 
Accomac  187 
Alida  

Rapido    186 

Elcano  620 
Helena  ..           ..   1,392 

Samar   245 
Topeka   2,250 

Green.   Howard.      241 

Samoset  225 

Machias  1  177 

Vicksburg    1,010 
Villalobos  ..             370 

Hiawatha  164 

Sotoyomo   230 
Tecumseh    231 
Traffic     417 

Monocacy   190 

Palos    190 

Wheeling  990 

Lively     296 

Wilmington  ....   1,392 
PORTS. 
Luckenbach.K.I.18,000 
Luckenbach. 
Katrina    

Massasoit   202 
Modoc                        241 

Transfer    684 
Unadilla    355 
Vigilant     300 

TRANS 
Aeolus     ... 

Mohawk                     4°0 

Narketta   192 
Nyack  155 

^-hneta    192 

America                13  637 

Amphion 

Pawtucket  225 
COLLIERS—  I 
Abarenda    6.880 

TTEL   SHIPS. 
Nanshan   5,140 
Neptune    *  19,480 

Arcadia  

Ma  rtha  Washing- 
ton       

Arizonian  .19,419 
Artemis    
Canandaigua  ...   7,620 
Cap  Finisterre  

Mobile    

Caesar 

Montpelier  

Cuyama    

Nereus     

DeKalb    

Mount  Vernon.,29,650 
Ohioan    14,375 

Fuel    oil    ship  

Orion    19.250 

Finland  

Pn  stores  

Saturn                    4  840 

DESTROYED 
Black    Hawk...  13.  320 
Bridgeport    
Buffalo                   6  000 

.    TENDERS. 
Leonidas     4.025 
Melvill*     7.150 

George  Washing- 
ton     
Graf  Waldersee  

Plattsburg    15,390 
Pocahontas    10,899 

Harrisburg  15.HOO 
Henderson  10.000 
Imperator  10.000 

Pretoria    
Prinz    Friedrich 
Wilhelm 

Dixie    6,114 
TENDERS    TO 
Alert    1,110 

Prairie     6,620 
SUBMARINES. 
Fulton    1,408 

Radnor    

Kaiserin  Augusta 

Beaver    
Bushnell   3,580 

Rainbow     4.360 
Savannah  10,800 

Koningen      d  e  r 
Nederlanden    . 

Santa   Malta.  ...17.837 
Santa    Rosa  

Camden  
HOSPITA 
Comfort     

L  SHIPS. 
Solace  5,700 

Kroonland            °2  ?00 

Panta  Teresa 

Sierra                    10  000 

TYPES. 
Eagle   No.   23..      615 
Eagle   No.    24  

Leviathan            15  000 

Sol  Navis       .     . 

SPECIAL 
Aroostook    4,413 
Auk  1,009 

Ed.   F.   Lucken- 

Von  Steuben  

CONVERTE 
Carols    IV  

Isabel 

D  YACHTS. 
P.smlik    

Baltimore  (mine 
depot  ship)...   5,484 
Bittern     1,009 

Eag-le    No.    27.. 
Eagle   No.    28  
Eagle    No.    29  

May    1,000 

Pirlia   

Bobolink  1,009 

Eagle   No.   30  

Mayflower  2.690 

Svlph  152 
Vixen    806 
Wasn    630 

Cardinal    1,009 

Eagle    No.   32  
Eagle   No.   33  

Chewink   1.009 

Eambler  Yankton    975 
TUGS. 
Allegheny      ....   1000     TTapfcptt    F     "R  

Curlew                    1  009 

Ea^le    No     35 

Cuyama  14,500 

Eagle   No     36  . 

Eagle  No.  1....       615 
Eag-le  No.  2....       615 
Eagle  No.  3....       615 
Eag-le   No.    11..       615 
Eagle   No.   13..       615 
Eagle   No    14 

Eagle   No.    37  
Eagle   No.    38  
Eagle   No.   39  
Eider    1.009 
Falcon    1.009 
Finch                    1  009 

Iroquois                       702 

Arapahoe    900 

I  vkens    

Barneerat                    900 

Mohave         .             575 

Challenge  

Mohican  
Montank       800 

Concord    

Moosehead  710 
Nahant  

Eag-le   No.    15  
Eagle  No.    16..       615 
Ea°-le   No     17 

Flamingo     1.009 
Gannet           ..       1  009 

Ontario        

Orebe                       1  009 

Dreadnaught    

Osborne.  Chas.S. 
Osceola      571 

Eas-le  No     18  ... 

F<-ron        1  009 

Eagle    No.    10  
Eas-le    No.    20  
Eagle    No.    21  
Eagle    No.    22  

Kingfisher    1.000 
Lanwing                 1  009 

General  Alava..   1,115 

Penobscot  
Piscataqua  854 
Potomac     785 

L,ark       1,009 

Goliah     . 

VESSELS  IN  NAVY  NOV.  1.    1918. 
[From  summary  in  navy  year-book  for  1917-1918.] 


Type                                                 No.  *Tons. 

Battle  ships,   single  caliber 16  403.450 

Battle  ships,  mixed  caliber 23  308,146 

Armored  cruisers 8  111.900 

Monitors  7  24.964 

Cruisers,  first  class 4      36.766 

Subtotal,    armored    ships....  58  885.°°,5 

Cruisers,    second   class 4  25.065 

Cruisers,    third   class 15  47.8°0 

Destroyers    93  94.583 


Type.                                               No.  *Tons. 

Coast  torpedo  vessels 15  6.275 

Torpedo    boats    17  3.146 

Submarines    79  29,886 

^-nnboats   37  34.410 

Patrol    vesselst 2  1.000 

Submarine  chasers  300  23.100 


Subtotal    unarmored    fight- 
in?    ships    562         265.285 

Tenders    17  98,860 


500 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


Type.  No. 

Mine   sweepers! 14 

Converted  yachtst 12 

Transports   5 

Supply   shirs 5 

Hospital    ships 6 

Fuel  ships 21 

Special  service 13 


*Tons. 
13,300 
8,711 
57,295 
33,900 
34,097 

248,989 
83.891 


Type. 

Tugs    

Unserviceable  for  war. 


No. 
50 
15 


'Tons. 
22,573 
43.356 


Subtotal,  nonfighting  ships.  158         644.971 
Total    778      1,795,481 

'Displacement.        tDoes     not     include     com- 
mandeered or  chartered  vessels. 


RELATIVE   STANDING   OF   THE   WORLD'S   NAVTES. 

[From  table  prepared  ty  the  bureau  of  navigation,  navy  department,  Feb.  4,   1919. 


Battle  ships 

^-Great  Britain.-^  , 
No.            Tons. 
55      1.103,900 
9         205,500 
24      .  300,150 
73         296.045 
32              8.590 
369         350.020 
34              9.576 
140             O) 

—United  States.-^ 
No.           Tons. 
39         711,596 

"8         I'll.  900 
13            55.160 
4            12.900 
105         109,060 

*84            32.1  76 

,  G 
No. 
30 
1 
29 

Germany.  ., 
Tons. 
464.777 
27.000 
127,629 

f  Japan  .  s 
No.           Tons. 
13         273.427 
7         152,950 
12         113,242 
9            34,845 

Battle  cruisers  

Cruisers 

Light   cruisers  

Coast  defense  vessels. 
Destroyers  

173 

101 
116 

41.800 
18.857 
116.545 

65 
24 
16 

37,177 
2.984 
3.414 

Submarines   

Total  ... 

736 

2,273.781 

253 

13 

46 

'io 

237 

1,032.792 

485.600 
•211.416 

63.966 
286.779 

450 

22 

53 

54 

64 

826.637 
56,000 

146 

34 

618,039 
128.000 

Building1  or  projected 

4 
21 

115 

164.800 
125.235 

141.855 

Light  cruisers  

'16.666 

7 

<>'  *9 
'  14 

24,500 

'11,766 

(7) 

Submarines   

79 

66.871 

»83 

68.694 

3  4.800 

ii 

3,000 
(l) 

Total    

219 

'NO. 

18 

498.761 

France.  s 
Tons. 
338,976 

349      1,116.389 

f  Russia.  ^ 
No.           Tons. 
13         220,502 

13 

'NO. 
11 

96.800 

-Italy.  , 
Tons. 
177.350 

24         167.200 
Austria- 
/  —  Hungary.  —  x 
No.           Ton-s. 
11          138,501 

Battle    cruisers.. 

18 
1 

185.957 
2.421 

12 

93,050 

5 

6 
1 
47 
96 

78 

45.696 
19.538 
1.630 
34.950 
15,148 
(?)  21.645 

8 

*2i 
50 

12 

21,452 

ll',57i 
10,397 
3,465 

Light    cruisers  

Coast  defense  vessels. 
Destroyers    

65 
79 

58 

37.505 
7.312 
22.026 

100 
44 

67.180 
i'9',533 

Submarines    

Total    239 
Building1  or  projected. 

Battleships              r-  i 

594.197 

124.150  I 
*  83.600  ) 

169 
1 

400,265 
27,300 

248 

(?)315.977 

102 
4 

185,386 
96.452 

Battle  cruisers    . 

4 
8 
17 

130,200 
57.600 
21,650 

'16 
4 

6 

19,950 

Light    cruisers  

Destroyers    

1 

890 

19.435 
640 
3.399 



Submarines   

8 

O) 

1 

650 

11 

Total  

14 

125,000 

31 

237.400 

31 

23.474 

10 

116.402 

aUnknown.  2Four  authorized,  not  laid  down.  sOne  laid  down.  4Not  laid  down.  5Laid 
down;  tonnage  unknown.  "Four  mine  laying  cruisers  laid  down.  7Tonnage  unknown.  "In- 
cluding" nine  not  laid  down. 

Notes — Battle  ships,  battle  cruisers,  cruisers, 
light  cruisers  and  coast  defense  vessels  over 
twenty  years  of  age  not  included.  Torpedo 
boat  destroyers,  torpedo  boats  and  submarines 
over  fifteen  years  of  age  not  included. 

German  vessels  surrendered  to  the  allies  not 
included  in  the  above  compilation.  Russian 
vessels  in  the  hands  of  the  Germans  not  in- 
cl"d°d  in  German  or  Russian  figures. 

The  entire  navy  of  Austria-Hungary,  accord- 
ing to  the  best  information  on  file  in  the 


bureau,  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Jugo  Slavs.  The 
ships  are  being  paid  off  and  rendered  harmless. 

The  warship  construction  of  the  Russian 
navy  has  ceased  and  little  work  has  been  done 
since  June.  1917. 

While  Germany  ranks  third  according  to 
tonnage,  her  real  position,  according  to  fight- 
ing ships  and  gun  power,  is  fifth. 

The  Turkish  navy  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
allies. 


LIBRARY    OF 

The  library  of  congress  was  established  in 
1800  in  the  city  of  Washington,  D.  C.  It  was 
burned  in  1814,  and  in  1851  lost  35,000 
volumes  by  fire.  The  present  library  building, 
which  cost  S6. 347,000,  was  opened  to  the  pub- 
lic in  November,  1897.  It  is  located  a  short 
distance  east  of  the  capitol  and  is  the  largest 
and  finest  building  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

June  30.  1916,  the  library  contained  2,451.- 
974  books  and  pamphlets,  154.200  maps.  770,- 
248  pieces  of  music  and  392,905  photographs, 


CONGRESS. 

prints,  engravings  and  lithographs.  The  copy- 
right office  is  a,  distinct  division  of  the  library 
with  its  own  force  of  employes.  The  total 
number  of  employes  in  the  library  is  551  and 
the  annual  cost  of  maintenance  is  now  about 
$850. 000,  including-  $200,000  for  printing  and 
binding. 

The  librarian  of  congress  is  Herbert  Putnam, 
salary.  S6.500:  chief  assistant  librarian,  Ap- 
pleton  P.  C.  Griffin.  $4,000. 


ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOB    1920. 


501 


(Srcat  JE2Rar. 


War  began— Aug.  1,  1914. 
Armistice  sigrned— Nov.  11,  1918. 
Duration  of  war — i  years.  3  months,  11  days. 
United  States  entered— April  6.  1917. 
Paris  peace  conference  began— Jan.  18.  191P. 
German  peace  treaty  signed— June  28,  1919. 
Austrian  peace  treaty  signed— Sept.  10.  1919. 
Nations  involved — 27. 
Killed  to  Nov  11.   1918—7,450.200. 
Cash    cost    to    April    30,    1919— $186,000,- 
000.000. 


NATIONS  DIRECTLY  INVOLVED. 

UNITED   STATES 
GREAT    BRITAIN 
CANADA 
INDIA 
AUSTRALIA 
NEW    ZEALAND 
SOUTH    AFRICA 
FRANCE 
RUSSIA 
BELGIUM 
SERBIA 
MONTENEGRO 
GERMANY  JAPAN 

AUSTRIA-HUNGABT    I      ....      •{     ITALY 
TURKEY  f      V8>  ROUMANIA 

BULGARIA  PORTUGAL 

CUBA 
PANAMA 
GREECE 
LIBERIA 
CHINA 

SAN    MARINO 
SIAM 
BRAZIL 
GUATEMALA 
COSTA     RICA 
NICARAGUA 
HAITI 


DECLARATIONS   OF    WAR. 

Austria  against  Belgium,  Aug.  28,  1914 
Austria  against  Japan,  Aug.  27,   1914 
Austria  against  Montenegro,   Aug    9     1914 
Austria  against  Russia,  Aug.   6,    i914 
Austria  against  Serbia,  July  28,  1914 
Brazil  against  Germany,  Oct.  26,  1917 
Bulgaria  against  Roumania,  Sept.  1,  1916 
Bulgaria  against  Serbia,  Oct.  14.  1915. 
China  against  Austria,  Aug.  14,  1917 
China  against  Germany.  Aug.  14.  1917. 
Costa  Rica  against  Germany  and  Austria-Hun- 
gary, May  24,   1918. 
Cuba  against  Germany,  April  7,  1917 
Cuba  against  Austria,  Dec.  16,  1917. ' 
Prance  against   Austria.   Aug.    12,    1914. 
France  against  Bulgaria,  Oct.  16,  1915. 
France  against  Germany,  Aug.  3,   1914 
France  against  Turkey,   Nov.   5,   1914 
Germany  against  Belgium,  Aug.  4,   1914. 
Germany  against  France,  Aug.  3,   1914 
Germany  against  Portugal,  March  9,  1916. 
Germany  against   Roumania,   Aug.   28.    1916. 
Germany  against  Russia,  Aug.  1,   1914. 
Great   Britain  against   Austria,  Aug.   13.    1914 
Great  Britain  against  Bulgaria,  Oct.   15,   1915. 
Great  Britain  against  Germany.  Aug.  4,   1914. 
Great  Britain  against  Turkey,   Nov.  5,  1914. 
Greece  against  Bulgaria,   Nov.   23,    1916    (pro- 
visional government ) . 

Greece    against    Bulgaria,    July   2,    1917    (gov- 
ernment of  Alexander). 

Greece  against  Germany,   Nov.   28,   1916    (pro- 
visional government ) . 

Greece    against   Germany,    July   2.    1917    (gov- 
ernment of  Alexander). 


Guatemala   against  Germany,   April   21,    1918. 

Haiti   against   Germany,   July    12.    1918. 

Honduras   against  Germany,  July   19,   1918. 

Italy  against  Austria,  May  24,  1915. 

Italy  against  Bulgaria,  Oct.  19.  1915. 

Italy  against  Germany,  Aug.  28,  1916. 

Italy  against  Turkey,  Aug.  21.  1915. 

Japan  against  Germany,  Aug.  23,  1914. 

Liberia  against  Germany.  Aug.  4,  1917. 

Montenegro  against  Austria,  Aug.   8,   1914. 

Montenegro  against  Germany,  Aug.  9,  1914. 

Nicaragua  against  Austria,  May  6.   1918. 

Nicaragua  against  Germany,  May  7,  1918. 

Panama  against  Germany,  April  7,  1917. 

Panama  against  Austria,  Dec.  10.  1917. 

Portugal  against  Germany,  Nov.  23,  1914  (res- 
olution passed  authorizing  military  interven- 
tion as  ally  of  England). 

Portugal  against  Germany,  May  19,  1915  (mil- 
itary aid  granted). 

Roumania  against  Austria,  Aug.  27,  1916 
(allies  of  Austria  also  consider  it  a  declara- 
tion). 

Russia  against  Bulgaria,   Oct.   19,   1915. 

Russia  against  Turkey,  Nov.  3.  1914. 

San  Marino  against  Austria,  May  24.  1915. 


Serbia  against  Bulgaria,  Oct.  16,  1915. 
Serbia  against  Germany.  Aug.  6,  1: 


1914. 


Serbia  against  Turkey,  Dec.  2,  1914. 
Siam  against  Austria,  July  22.  J917. 
Si  am  against  Germany,  July  22.  1917. 
Turkey    against    allies,    Nov.    11.    1914. 
Turkey  against  Roumania,  Aug.  29.  1916. 
United  States  against  Germany,  April  6.  1917. 
United    States    against    Austria-Hungary,    Dec. 
7.   1917. 

SEVERANCE  OP  DIPLOMATIC   RELATIONS 

Austria  with  Japan,  Aug-.  26.  1914. 
Austria  with  Portugal.  March  16.  1916. 
Austria  with  Serbia.  July  26,  1914. 
Austria  with  United   States.    April   8.    1917. 
Belgium  with  Turkey.  Oct.  30.  1914. 
Bolivia  with  Germany.  April  14,   1917. 
Brazil  with  Germany.   April  11.   1917. 
China  with  Germany.  March  14,  1917. 
Costa  Rica  with  Germany.  Sept.  21.  1917. 
Ecuador  with  Germany.  Dec.  7,   1917. 
Egypt  with  Germany,  Aug.  13,  1914. 
France  with  Austria.  Aug.  11.  1914. 
France  with  Turkey.  Oct.  30.  1914. 
Germany  with  Italy.  May  23,  1918. 
Great  Britain  with  Turkey.  Oct.  30.   1914. 
Greece  with  Turkey.  July  2,  1917  (government 

of  Alexander) . 
Greece  with  Austria,  July  2.  1917  (government 

of  Alexander) . 

Guatemala  with  Germany,  April  27.  1917. 
Haiti  with  Germany.  June  16.   1917. 
Honduras  with  Germany.  May  17.  1917. 
Japan  with  Austria.  Aug.  25,  1914. 
Liberia  with  Germany,  May  8.  1917. 
Nicaragua  with  Germany,  May  18,  1917. 
Peru  with  Germany.  Oct.  5.  1917. 
Roumania  with  Bulgaria.  Aug.  30.   1916. 
Russia  with  Bulgaria.   Oct.   5,    1915. 
Russia  with  Turkey.   Oct.  30.   1914. 
Turkey  with  United  States.  April  20,  1917. 
United  States  with  G<°nnany.  Feb.  3.  1917. 
Uruguay  with  Germany.  Oct.  7.  1917. 

SURRENDER  DATES. 

Russia   to    Germany    and    her   allies,    Dec.    16, 

1917. 
Roumania    to    Germany    (treaty    signed).    May 

Bulgaria  to  France  and  allies,   Sept.  29.   1918. 
Turkey  to  Britain  and  allies.  Oct.  30.  1918. 
Austria-Hungary    to    allies    and   United    States. 

Nov.    3,    1918. 
Germany  to  allies  and  United  States,  Nov.   11 

1918. 


502 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


THE    UNITED    STATES   IN   THE    WORLD    WAR. 

BY  COL.  LEONARD  P.  AYRES. 

^ok^ftki?*     a9    the   most   reliable    and   UP    date    available, 
i  taking-    ?s  tney  have  been  subjected  to  repeated  check- 
ing1 and  revision.  1 


fin  response  to  a  reauest  by 
Baker,  secretary  of  war.  for  a  stock  taking- 
of  the  efforts  made  and  the  results  achieved 
by  the  United  States  in  the  war,"  Col.  Leonard 
P.  Ayres.  chief  of  Che  statistics  branch  of  the 
g-eneral  staff,  collected,  classified  and  published. 
on  May  31.  1919,  the  most  important  official 
data  relating:  to  American  participation  in  the 


t"bJ 


European  war.  It  should  be  noted  that  the 
facts  relate  chiefly  to  the  activities  of  the  war 
department  and  that  some  of  the  figrures. 
especially  relating"  to  casualties,  have  been 
modified  by  later  developments.  Most  of  the 
facts  and  figures,  however  are  to  be  accepted 


AMERICAN  EFFORT  IN  WAR. 


Total  armed  forces 

Total  men  in  the  army 

Men  who  went  overseas 

Men  who  foug-ht  in  France... 
Greatest    number   sent    in     one 

month    

Greatest    number    returning-    in 

one  month 


4.800.000 
4.000.000 
2.086.000 
1.390.000 

306,000 
333. OOO 


tfew  York 


Ohio 

Texas 

Michigan 

Massachusetts 

Missouri 

California 

Indiana 

Hew  Jersey 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

Georgia 

Oklahoma 

Tennessee* 

Kentucky 

Alabama 

Virginia* 

N.  Carolina 

Louisiana 


Arkansas 

I.  Virginia 

Mississippi 

S.  Carolina 

Connecticut 

Hebraska 

Maryland 

Washing  ton 

Uoatana 

Colorado 

Florida 

Oregon 

S.  Dakota 

N.  Dakota 


Rhode  Island 
Porto  Bico 
Diet,  of  Col* 
H.  Hampshire 
Hew  Mexico 


Wyoming 
Arizona 


6.68 


7.93 


Per  cent 
19.79 


161  065 

135,485 

132,610 

128,544 

112,514 

106,581 

105,207 

99|  116 

98,781 

98  211 

85,506 

80*169 

75;  825 

75,043 

74  I  678 

73,062 

73,003 

65  988 

63)428 

61,027 

55,777 

54,295 

53  482 


47,054 
45,154 
36  293 
34,393 
33,331 
30,116 
29  686 
25,603 
24,252 


16,861  H.45 
16,538  •  .44 
15,930  «.42 
14  374  •  .38 
.33 


Ari 

Vermont 

Delaware 

Hawaii 

Nevada 

Alaska 

A.B.F. 

Hot  allocated 

Philippines 

Total  3, 757  ,"624 

TABLE    SHOWS    NUMBER    OF 


12,439 

11V393 

10,492 
9)336 
7^484 
5  644- 
5jl05  i.14 
2,1-02  1.06 
1,499  1.04 
1,318  1.04 
255  I  .01 


wnonAL  ARMY 

77% 


.30 
.28 
.25 
.20 
.15 


TOTAL    FOR  WAR 


SOLDIERS    FURNISHED    BY    EACH    STATE.      DIAGRAM! 
SHOW   SOURCES   OF   ARMY   IN   APRIL,    1917.   AND   TOTAL  FOR   THE  WAR. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


503 


Tons  of  supplies  shipped  to 
France  

Total  registered  in  draft 

Total  draft  inductions  

Greatest  number  inducted  in 
one  month 

Graduates  of  line  officers'  train- 
ins:  school 


Cost  of 
Cost    of 


7.500.000 

24.234.021 

2.810.296 

400.000 
80.468 


EkE - 


war  to  April  30."  1919  .'S21.850.000OOO 


1919    ........................  813.930.000.000 

Battles     fousrht     by     American 


troops 

Months  of  American  •participa- 
tion in  the  war 

Days   of  battle 

Days  of  duration  of  Meuse-Ar- 
gonne  battle 

Americans  in  Meuse-Arsonne 
battle  

American  casualties  in  Meuse- 
Arsronne  battle 

American  battle  deaths  in  war 

American  wounded  in  war.  .  . . 

American  deaths  from  disease. 

Totals  deaths  in  the  army 


13 

19 

200 

47 
1.200.000 

100 
000 
56.000 
56.991 
112.422 

SOURCES  OF  THE  ARMY. 

When  war  was  declared  there  were  only  200,- 
000  men  in  the  army.  Two-thirds  of  these 
were  regulars  and  one-thud  national  sruards- 
men  who  had  been  called  into  the  federal 
eervice  for  duty  on  the  Mexican  border.  When 
ihe  war  ended  this  force  had  been  increased  to 
twenty  times  its  size  and  4.000.000  men  had 
eerved.  More  than  half  a  million  came  in 
through  the  regular  army.  Almost  400.000 
more  or  nearly  10  per  cent  entered  through 
the  national  guard.  More  than  three-quarters 
of  all  came  in  through  the  selective  service 
or  national  army  enlistments. 

The  selective  service  law  was  passed  on  May 
19.  1917.  and  as  subsequently  amended  it 
mobilized  all  the  man  power  of  the  nation 
from  the  ages  of  18  to  45  inclusive.  Under 
this  act  24.234.021  men  were  registered  and 
slightly  more  than  2.800,000  were  inducted 
into  the  military  service.  The  first  registra- 
tion, June  5.  1917.  covered  the  ages  from 
21  to  31:  the  second  registration,  June  o.  1918 
and  Aug.  24.  1918.  included  those  who  had 
become  21  years  old  since  the  first  registra- 
tion, and  the  third  registration.  Sept.  12.  1918. 
extended  the  age  limits  down  to  18  and  up- 
ward to  45. 

Men  Registered  and  Inducted. 

Registration.  Registered.      Inducted. 

3R  ^.  .^--"iiillfli  2«l 

A1lichoa\?.^?^°?°._325.«5          23.373 

Total    .*. 24.234.021    2.810.296 

Physical  Examinations. 

Registrants  were  given  two  physical  exam- 
inations— one  by  the  local  board  and  the  other 
by  the  camp  physicians.  From  the  examina- 
tion data  comparisons  have  been  made  which 
show  the  standing  of  the  various  states  with 
respect  to  the  fitness  of  the  men  registered 
for  military  duty.  The  results  are  presented 
in  the  accompanying  map,  which  shows  four 
classifications  of  the  states.  The  states  shown 
in  outline  only  are  those  which  sent  men 
of  so  high  an  order  of  physical  condition  that 
from  70  to  80  per  cent  of  them  were  ac- 
cepted for  service.  It  is  noteworthy  that 
these  states  constitute  about  one-quarter  of 
all  and  are  mostly  located  in  the  middle  west. 
Next  come  the  states  from  which  65  to  69 
pr.r  rent  passed,  and  thes^  are  indicated  by  light 
cross  lines.  This  group  is  almost  equal  to 
the  first  and  the  states  are  contiguous  to  the 
first  group  either  on  the  east  or  the  west. 
In  the  third  group,  indicated  by  heavy  diag1- 
"4  per  cent  of  the 
of  them  are  in  the 


, 

lines,    from    60    to    64    per    cent    of    the 
.     Most  of  them  are  in  the 
In  the  last   group   are 


young  men. passed 
south   and   far   west. 


Summary 


accompl 
4.  Of 

r6't£   l^^EiB1  -^^e110™    th«l  s^tes 
the    best    showing, 
city  boys,  w"  " 
native   born 


thls  wa 


were  re- 


as 


gost 

8.  There    were    200.000    army    officers.       Of 
every    six    officers    one    had    previous    military 
with  troops,   three  were  graduates  of 

nd    tw°  came 


TRAINING  OF  THE  TROOPS. 

The  average  American  soldier  who  went  to 
France  received  six  months  of  training  in  the 
United  States  before  he  sailed.  After  1 
landed  overseas  he  had  two  months  of  train- 
ing before  entering  the  battle  line  in  a  quiet 
sector,  where  he  remained  one  month  before 
going  into  an  active  sector  and  taking  part  in 
hard  fighting.  The  infantry  soldier  was 
trained  in  the  division,  which  was  our  typical 
combat  unit.  In  the  American  army  it  was 
composed  of  about  1,000  officers  and  27000 
men.  Training  and  sorting  organizations  of 
about  10.000  men.  known  as  depot  brigades, 
were  also  utilized.  Before  the  signing  of  the 
armistice  there  were  trained  and  sent  overseas 
forty-two  American  divisions.  The  training  of 
twelve  more  was  well  advanced  and  there 
were  four  others  that  were  being  organized. 
The  pl^n  on  which  the  army  was  acting 
called  for  eighty  divisions  overseas  before 
July.  1919,  and  100  divisions  by  the  end  of 
that  year. 

The  following  table  shows  the  place  of 
organization  of  divisions  and  sources  by 
states: 


1st— F 
2d— F 


ranee, 
ranee. 


Regulars. 

3d— Greene.  N.  C. 
4th— Greene.    V.   C. 


604 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


5th— Logan,    Tex.  13th— Lewis.    Wash. 

6th— McClellan.  Ala.  1-ith^Custer.  Mich. 
7th— MacArthur.  Tex.  15th— Logan.  Tex. 
8th— Fremont,  Cal.  16th— Kearny.  Cal. 

17th — Beauregard.    La. 

18th— Travis.   Tex. 

19th— Dodge.    Iowa. 


9th— Sheridan.   Ala. 
Kas. 


10th— Funston. 
llth— Msade.    Md. 
12th— Devens.    Mass. 


20th— Sevier.    S.   C. 


National  Guard. 
>th    (Devens,    Mass.)— From    New    England. 


rth    (Wadsworth,   S.  C.)— From-  New  York. 

i.) — From 
(McClellan,     Ala.)— Fr 


Pennsylvania. 


rom     New     Jersey. 
yland.     District     of 


!8th    (Hancock,   Ga. 


Delaware,     Virginia.     Mary! 
Columbia. 

30th  (Sevier.  S.  C.)— From  Tennessee,  North 
Carolina,  South  Carolina,  District  of  Colum- 
bia. 


77th    (Upton.   N.  Y.)—  From  New  York  city. 
78th    (Dix.    N.   J.)—  From   western   New   York. 

New  Jersey.  Delaware. 
79th    (Meade,   Md.)  —  From  northeastern  Penn- 

sylvania.   Maryland,    District    of    Columbia. 
80th     (Lee.    Va.)—  From    Virginia.    West 


, 
81st    (Jackson.    -S.    C.)—  Fro 

South    Carolina.    Florida. 
82d    (Gordon.    Ga.)—  From 


.  .  Vir- 

ginia,  western  Pennsylvania. 

North   Carolina. 
rto   Rico. 

.  orgia,    Alabama, 

Tennessee. 
83d   (Sherman.  O.)  —  From  Ohio,  western  Penn« 

sylvania. 
84th    (Zaohary  Taylor,  Ky.)—  From  Kentucky, 

Indiana,   southern  Illinois. 
85th     (Ouster.    Mich.)—  From    Michigan,    east- 

ern  Wisconsin. 

86th     (Grant.     111.)—  From    Chicago,     northern 
Illinois. 


PER  CENT  OF  DRAFTED  MEN  PASSING~PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION  BY  STATES. 


31st    (Wheeler.   Ga.)  —  From,  Georgia,  Alabama. 

Florida. 
32d    (MacArthur,  Tex.)—  From  Michigan,  Wis- 

consin. 

33d    (Logan.  Tex.)—  From  Illinois. 
Nebr 


.  Tex.)  . 

34th    (Cody,    N.    M.)—  From   Nebraska.    Iowa, 

South  Dakota.   Minnesota. 
55th    (Doniphan,  Okla.)—  From  Missouri,  Kan- 


* 


6th    (Bowie.   Tex.)—  From  Texas.    Oklahoma. 

7th    (Sheridan.    O.)—  From   Ohio. 

8th     (Shelby.     Miss.)—  From     Indiana, 


,   Tex.)— Fn 

an.    O.)— Fr__    

y.     Miss.)— From     Indiana,     Ken- 
tucky. West  Virginia. 
39th    (Beauregard.   La.)— From  Alabama.  Mis- 
sissippi. Louisiana. 

(Kearny.    Cal.)— From    California,    Colo- 


40th 


rado.   Utah,   Arizona.   New  Mexico. 

41st    (Fremont.  Cal.)— From  Washington,  Ore- 
gon.  Montana.    Idaho.   Wyoming. 

42d  (Mills.  N.  Y.)— From  various  states. 


National  Army. 


76th     (Devens,    Mass.)— From    New    England, 

New  Y«    ' 


fork. 


87th    (Pike.  Ark  ) — From  Arkansas.  Louisiana. 

Mississippi,    southern    Alabama. 
88th     (Dodge,     Iowa) — From     North     Dakota. 

Minnesota,    Iowa,    western  Illinois. 
89th    (Funston.  Kas.)— From  Kansas,  Missouri 

South  Dakota,   Nebraska. 

90 tli    (Travis,   Tex.)— From  Texas    Oklahoma. 
91st    (Lewis.   Wash.)— From   Alaska.   Washing- 
ton.   Oregon.     California,     Idaho,    Nebraska, 

Montana      Wyoming.     Utah. 
92d    (Funston,    Kas.) — Colored,    from    various 

states. 
93d      (Stuart,     Va.)— Colored,     from     various 

states. 

The  regular  army  divisions  were  originally 
made  up  from  regular  army  units  plus  vol- 
untary enlistments  and  selective  service  men. 
The  national  guard  divisions  came  largely 
from  the  militia  of  the  several  states.  The 
national  army  divisions  were  made  up  almost 
wholly  of  men  called  in  by  the  selective  serv- 
ice law.  The  42d  division,  called  because  of 
its  composite  character  the  "Rainbow  divi- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


505 


sion"  was  made  up  of  selected  groups  from 
the  entire  country  and  sent  to  Prance  early. 
The  41st.  called  the  "Sunset  division,"  was 
a  composite  of  troops  from  many  western 
states.  Four  divisions  were  made  up  from 
one  state  each:  The  27th,  28th.  33d  and 
37th. 

Camps  and  Cantonments. 

To  carry  forward  the  training:  program  shel- 
ter was  constructed  in  a  few  months  for 
1.800,000  men.  For  the  national  guard  and 
national  army  divisions  sixteen  camps  and  six- 
teen cantonments  were  built.  The  national 
guard  units  organized  during-  the  summer  of 
1917  were  put  under  canvas  in  tents  in  the 
south.  The  building-  of  the  cai>tonments  was 
authorized  in  May.  1917.  The  last  site  was 
secured  July  6  and  on  Sept.  4  accommodations 
were  ready  for  430.000  men.  The  capacity 
was  soon  increased  to  770,000.  an  average 
capacity  per  cantonment  of  48.000.  Troops 
had  to  be  accommodated  at  many  other  points 
also.  There  were  schools  for  training:  men 
for  special  services,  such  as  the  artillery,  avia- 
tion, engineer  corps,  chemical  warfare,  tank 
corps  and  quartermaster  corps.  There  were 
proving  grounds  and  testing  fields.  For  these 


training    schools,    but    only    of    schools    train- 
ing officers  for  line  duty. 

When  the  new  camps  had  been  established 
France  and  England  sent  experienced  officers 
to  the  United  States  to  assist  in  training  the 
men  in  modern  methods  of  war.  France  sent 
286  such  officers  and  England  261. 

Summary. 

1.  The  average  American  soldier  who  fought 
in    France    had    six    months    of    training    here, 
two   months  overseas  before  entering  the   line 
and  one  month  in  a  quiet  sector  before  going 
into   battle. 

2.  Most    soldiers    received    their   training   in 
infantry  divisions  which  are  the  typical  train- 
ing- units   and   consist   of   about   1,000   officers 
and    27.000    men. 

3.  Forty-two  divisions  were  sent   to  France. 

4.  More  than  two-thirds  of   our  line  officers 
were  graduates  of  the  officers'  training  camps. 

5.  France   and   England    sent    to    the   United 
States  nearly  800  specially  skilled  officers  and 
noncommissioned    officers    who    rendered    most 
important    aid   as    instructors   in   the   training 
camps. 


8UJSIAN  .-BRITISH  COXTROL), 

FRENCH,  47.000— 2?i    A 


TROOP  SAILINGS  FROM  AMERICAN  PORTS  AND  LANDINGS  IN  ENGLAND  AND  FRANCE. 
DIAGRAM  IN  CENTER  SHOWS  NUMBER  AND  PERCENTAGE  OF  TROOPS  CARRIED 
BY  SHIPS  OF  EACH  NATION. 


purposes  housing-  was  constructed  for  more 
than  300.000  men.  including  accommodations 
at  the  large  embarkation  camps  at  New 
York  and  Newport  News.  ^ 

Officers  and  Instructors. 

Some  200,000  officers  were  required  for  the 
army  of  4.000.000  men.  there  being  in  the 
American  army  one  officer  for  each  twenty 
men  When  war  was  declared  there  were 
6,000  officers  in  the  regular  army  and  the  na- 
tional guard  divisions  were  able  to  furnish 
most  of  their  own  officers.  After  this  source 
of  supply  had  been  exhausted  it  was  still  nec- 
essary to  secure  180,000  officers  elsewhere. 
The  officers'  training  camp  was  the  instru- 
mentality that  solved  the  problem.  The  suc- 
cessful precedents  of  the  Flattsburg  camps 
were  followed.  Three  months  of  intensive 
training  put  the  prospective  officers  through 
all  the  tasks  required  of  enlisted  men  and  the 
duties  of  the  platoon  and  company  command- 
er By  ranks  the  officers  commissioned  from 
the  training  camps  were:  Colonels,  2;  lieu- 
tenant-colonels. 1;  majors.  294;  captains, 
5,429;  first  lieutenants,  12.397;  second  lieu- 
tenants, 62,445;  total.  80,568.  This  total  is 
not  the  grand  total  of  graduates  of  officers 


TRANSPORTATION  OF  ARMY. 
During  the  nineteen  months  of  the  American 
participation  in  the  war.  more  than  2.000  000 
soldiers  were  carried  from  the  United  States 
to  France.  Half  a  million  went  over  in  the 
first  thirteen  months  and  1,500.000  in  the  last 
six  months.  At  first  the  movement. was  not 
rapid.  We  had  only  a  lew  Af^I^t^Qg 
British  troopships  chartered  directly  pom  Uagi 
owners.  Later,  as  more  ships  came  into  the 
service  the  embarkations  increased  to  a  rate 
of  neaVly  50.000  a  month  a nd  by  the >  end I  of 
1917  had  reached  a  total  of  194  000  The 
figures  from  January  to  November, 

47,893     July 

49.110'     August    .. 

84  860     Sentember 

118.642     October    .. 

245  94r     November 

278,664 


18. 
308,350 


257,457 

180,326 

30.201 


January 
February 
March  .. 
April  ... 
May    .... 

June 

During  many  weeks  in  the  summer  num- 
ber carried  was  more  than  10.000  men  a 
day,  and  in  July  the  total  landed  averaged 
more  than  10.000  for  every  day  of  the 
month.  No  such  trocp  movement  had  eve? 
been  contemplated,  and  no  movement  of  any 
such  number  of  persons  by  water  for  such 
a  distance  and  such  a  time  had  every  pre- 


506 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


vlously  occurred.  The  record  has  been  excelled 
only  by  the  achievement  in  bringing  the  same 
men  back  to  the  shores  of  the  United  States. 

The  necessity  for  creating  a  great  transport 
fleet  came  just  at  the  time  when  the  world 
was  experiencing  its  most  acute  shortage  of 
tonnage.  The  start  was  made  by  chartering 
a  few  American  merchant  steamers  and  by 
July  1,  1917,  there  were  in  service  seven 
troopships  and  six  cargo  ships  with  a  total 
deadweight  capacity  of  94,000  tons. 

There  was  developed  from  these  small  begin- 
nings 

by    the    end 
tons  of  shipping. 

During    these    same    months    another    great 


a  great  transport  fleet  which  aggregated    *f 
e    end    of    1918    3.250,000    deadweight  /  P* 


ican  ships,  three  in  Italian  ships,  two  ir 
French  ships  and  one  in  shipping  under  Eng- 
lish control. 

Cargo   Movement. 

The  first  shipment  of  cargo  to  support  the 
forces  abroad  was  made  in  June.  1917.  and 
amounted  to  16,000  tons.  After  the  first 
two  months  the  shipments  grew  rapidly  until 
they  were  in  excees  of  800.000  tons  in  the 
last  month  of  the  war.  They  were  made 
almost  entirely  by  American  ships.  The  fol- 
table  shows  the  number  of  short  tons 
for  each  army  supply  serv- 


Tons.  Percent. 


ice  to  April  30,  1919: 
Service. 


American    transport    fleet    was    created    with    Quartermaster    3.606.000  48.39 

almost    equal    rapidity.      This    was    the   cross- <  Engineer ..1.506.000  2021 

channel    fleet    which    earned    cargo    and    men  (Ordnance 1189000  15"96 

from    England     to    France.       Beginning-    with  I  Food  relief 285*000  3~82 

7.000  tons  in  October,  1917.  this  fleet  by  the  (  Motor    transport 214*000  2*87 

end  of  1918  consisted  of  324,600  tons.    About  ,  Trench   material    208,000  2i79 

one-fourth  of  the  vessels  were  Norwegian  or    Sier.al  corps   121000  362 

Swedish,  while  the  rest  were  American.     This] Medical   lllioOO  l!49 

f  er  cent 


Quartermaster 

Engineer 
Ordnance 
Food  relief 


Short  tons 

3,606,000 

1,506,000 

1,189,000 

285,000 


3*82 


JBdotor  Transport    214,000  •  2l8? 
French  material    208,000  |  2.7$ 


Signal  Corps* 

fiedical 

Aviation 

Bed  Cross 

Y.M.O.A. 

Miscellaneous 

Chemical  Warfare 


121,000 
111,000 
61,000 
60,000 
45,000 
35,000 


1.62 
1.49 

.82 

.81 

.60 

.47 


11,000  (.15 


7,452,000 

TONS  OF  CARGO  SHIPPED  FOB  EACH  ARMY 

SUPPLY  SERVICE  TO  APRIL  30,  1919. 
service  utilized  large  numbers  of  small  wood 
and    steel    vessels    built    by     the    emergency 
fleet   corporation    at    the   yards   of    the   great 
lakes  and  along  the  coast. 

In  building  up  the  transatlantic  and  cross- 
channel  fleets  every  possible  source  of  ton- 
nage had  to  be  called  on  for  every  ship  that 
could  be  secured.  The  first  great  increment 
was  the  seized  German  vessels,  which  came 
into  service  during  the  fall  of  1917.  The 
taking  over  of  Dutch  steamers  in  the  spring 
of  1918  and  the  chartering  of  Scandinavian 
and  Japanese  tonnage  accounted  for  great  in- 
creases in  the  cargo  fleet. 

Most  of  the  troops  who  sailed  for  France 
left  from  New  York.  Half  of  them  landed 
in  England  and  the  other  half  landed  in 
France.  Most  of  those  who  landed  in  England 
went  directly  to  Liverpool  and  most  of  those 
who  landed  in  France  went  to  Brest. 

Of  every  100  men  who  went  over,  forty- 
nine  went  in  British  ships,  forty-five  in  Amer- 


Aviation 61.000 

Red   Cross    60,000 

Y.   M.    C.   A 45,000 

Miscellaneous     36,000 

Chemical   warfare 11.000 


a 

.60 
.47 
.15 


Totals    ...................  7.452.000    100.00 

Included  in  the  cargo  strip  ment  were  1,791 
consolidation  locomotives  of  the  100  ton  type. 
Of  these  650  were  shipped  set  up  on  their 
own  wheels.  The  army  also  shipped  26.9S4 
standard  gauge  freight  cars  and  47,018  motor 
trucks.  There  were  also  shipped  68.694 
horses  and  mules. 

During  the  whole  period  of  active  hostili- 
ties the  army  lost  at  sea  only  200,000  dead- 
weight tons  of  transports.  Of  this  total 
142,000  tons  were  sunk  by  torpedoes.  No 

troop     transport     was    l 
voyage.     For   this   credit 


American  troop  transport  was  lost  on  its 
eastward  voyage.  For  this  credit  is  due  to 
the  navy,  which  armed,  manned  and  convoyed 
the  transports. 

When  the  armistice  was  eigned  prepara- 
tions were  at  once  made  to  return  the  troops 
to  the  United  States  in  the  shortest  possible 
time.  The  British  ships  were  not  avail- 
able, as  these  had  to  be  used  for  the  return  of 
troops  to  Canada.  Australia  and  South  Africa. 
The  situation  was  met  by  the  army  transport 
service,  which  immediately  began  the  con- 
version of  large  cargo  ships  into  troop  carry- 
ing vessels.  By  means  of  these  cargo  ships. 
by  the  assignment  of  German  liners  and  also 
by  the  aid  of  the  navy,  which  put  cruisers 
and  battle  ships  at  the  command  of  the  army. 
the  army  was  brought  back  to  America  even 
more  rapidly  than  it  was  taken  to  France. 
Summary. 

1.  During-  our  nineteen  months  of  war  more 
than    2,000.000    American    soldiers    were    car- 
ried to  France.     Half  a  million  of  these  went 
over  in   the  first   thirteen  months  and  a  mil- 
lion and  a  half  in  the  last  six  months. 

2.  The  highest    trooo  carrying-   records  were 
those   of   July.    19J.8.   when  306.000  soldiers 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920, 


607 


were  carried  to  Europe,  and  May,   1919,  when 
330,000  were  brought  home  to  America. 

3.  Most    of    the   troops    who    sailed    for   Eu- 
rope   left    from    New    York.       Half    of    them 
landed  in  Engrland  and  half  in  Prance. 

4.  Among1    every    100    Americans    who    went 
over,   forty-nine   went  in  British  ships,   forty- 
five  in  American  ships,    three  in  Italian,    two 
in  French  and  one  in  Russian  shipping-  under 
English  control. 

5.  Our    cargo    ships    averaged    one   complete 
trip    every    seventy    days    ajid    our    troopships 
one  complete    trip   every    thirty-five   days. 

6.  The    cargo    fleet    was    almost    exclusively 
American.      It   reached    the   size   of   2.600.000 
deadweight   tons  and  carried  to  Europe  about 
7.500.000  tons  of  cargo. 

1.  The  greatest  troop  carrier  among  all  the 
ehips  was  the  Leviathan,  which  landed  12,000 
men.  or  the  equivalent  of  a  German  army  di- 
vision, in  Prance  every  month. 

8.  The    fastest    transports    were    the    Great 

Northern    and    the    Northern    Pacific,    which 

m^rJe    compete    turnarounds,     took     on     new 

troops  and  started  back  again  in  nineteen  days. 

POOD.    CLOTHING  AND   EQUIPMENT. 

Commercial  articles  purchased  by  the  army 
were  of  about  30.000  different  kinds  and  in- 
cluded such  articles  as  food,  forage,  hardware, 
coal  furniture,  wagons,  motor  trucks  lumber, 
locomotives,  cars,  machinery,  medical  insUru- 
ments  hand  tools  and  machine  tools.  In  one  ! 
way  or  another  the  army  at  war  drew  upon 
almost  every  one  of  the  344  industries  recog- 
nized by  the  United  States  census.  In  the 
of  some  articles  all  the  difficulties  of 

450 


the  service  of  supply  386,000  soldiers,  be- 
sides 31.000  German  prisoners  and  tnousanda 
of  civilian  employes  furnished  by  the  ailiea. 
At  the  same  time  there  were  in  the  zone  of 
the  armies  160.000  noncombatant  troops,  tho 
majority  of  whom  were  keeping  in  operation 
the  lines  of  distribution  of  supplies  to  tha 
front.  The  proportion  of  nonp£>rn.batant9  ii* 
the  American  army  never  fell  below  28  per- 
cent. When  there  was  the  greatest  pressure 
for  men  at  the  front  the  work  back  of  the* 


"    r  Sen  Oct.  HOT  Dec  Jan  Feb  Mar  Apr  May  Jun  Jul  Aug  Sep  Pet  No?  Dec  Jan  Feb  liar  Apr 
SS *\9^  1918  1919 

TONS    OP    ARMY    CARGO    SHIPPED    TO    FRANCE    EACH    MONTH.      FIGURES    IN    THOU- 
SANDS OF  SHORT  TONS. 


quantity  production  were  combined  with  the 
problems  of  making  something  not  before 
manufactured.  Typical  instances  are  the 
5.400.000  gas  masks  and  the  2.728.000  steel 
helmets  produced  before  tho  end  of  November. 
1918. 

In  France  a  complete  new  organization  was 
necessary  for  the  distribution  of  munitions 
and  supplies.  It  was  called  the  service  of 
supply  (S.  O.  S.)  and  had  its  headquarters 
at  Tours.  It  was  an  army  behind  the  army. 
On  the  day  the  armistice  was  signed  there 
were  reporting  to  the  commanding  general  of 


lines  took  roughly  one  man  out  of  every 
three.  A  list  of  the  total  deliveries  from 
April  6.  1917.  to  May  31.  1919.  of  some  com- 
mon articles  of  clothing  given  herewith  gives 
an  idea  of  the  task  of  supplying  the  army: 

Articles.  Delivered. 

Wool   stockings,  pairs   131.800.000 

Undershirts    85.000,000 

Underdrawers    83600.000 

Shoes,    pairs    30.700.000 

Flannel   shirts   26.500.000 

Blankets   . .  21.700.000 


508 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Articles.  Delivered. 

Wool  breeches  ......  *.............  21.700.000 

Wool  coats   .......................  13.900,000 

Overcoats  ..............  .....  ......  8.300.000 

The  value  of  the  above  articles  was  more 
than  81.000.  000.000. 

Distributing:  supplies  to  the  American  forces 
in  France  was  in  the  first  place  a  problem 
of  ports,  second  a  problem  of  railroad,  third 
a  problem,  of  motor  and  horse-drawn  trans- 
portation. and  fourth,  a  problem  of  storage. 
It  was  not  necessary  to  build  new  ports,  but 
Americans  added  eighty-three  new  berths,  to- 
grether  with  warehouses  and  dock  equipment, 
It  was  not  necessary  .to  build  new  railroads, 
but  it  was  desirable  to  increase  the  carrying 
capacity  by  nearly  1,000  miles  of  new  track- 
age. by  switching  facilities  at  crucial  points. 
by  new  repair  shops  and  new  rolling1  stock. 
These  things  were  done  by  the  engineers.  The 
problems  were  not  wholly  solved.  There  were 
never  enough  docks  to  prevent  some  loss  of 
time  by  vessels  waiting-  to  dock,  but  the  ca- 
pacity for  handling  American  cargo  was  trip- 
led, from  10,000  tons  per  day  in  the  spring1  of 
1918  to  30.000  tons  by  Nov.  11.  and  the 
waiting  time  of  ships  was  shorter  than  in 
commercial  practice.  There  were  never  wholly 
adequate  railway  facilities,  but  with  the  help 
of  locomotives  and  freight  cars  shipped  from 
this  side  freight  was  carried  inland  about  as 
fast  as  it  was  landed.  The  main  railway  lines 
connected  the  principal  ports  at  which  the 
army  fleet  docked  with  the  headquarters  of 
the  service  of  supply  at  Tours  and  with  the 
Toul-Verdun  sector,  where  the  American 
armies  operated. 

Railroads  carried  American  supplies  from  the 
ports  in  France  to  intermediate  or  advance 
depots.  Railroad  lines  roughly  paralleled  the 
front.  Spurs  led  up  to  the  front,  but  beyond 
a  certain  distance  the  standard-gauge  railroad 
did  not  go.  Where  the  danger  of  shelling  be- 
gan or  where  the  needs  changed  rapidly  as 
the  battle  activity  shifted  from  this  front  to 
that,  the  place  of  the  heavy  railway  was 
taken  by  other  means  of  distributing  supplies. 
First  came  the  narrow-gauge  railroad,  with 
rails  about  two  feet  apart,  much  narrower 
than  the  usual  narrow  -gauge  road  in  this 

8 


country. 


engineers  built  538  miles 


of  these  roads,  for  which  406  narrow-gauge 
locomotives  and  2.385  narrow-gauge  cars  were 
shipped  from  this  country  in  addition  to  the 


standard-gauge  equipment. 

Beyond  the  range  of  the  narrow-gauge  rail- 
way came  the  motor  truck.  The  truck  could 
go  over  roads  that  were  under  shell  fire. 
Trucks  were  used  on  a  larger  scale  in  this 
war  than  was  ever  before  thought  possible. 
The  American  infantry  division  on  the  march 
with  the  trucks,  -wagons  and  ambulances  of 
its  supply,  ammunition  and  sanitary  trains 
stretches  for  a  distance  of  thirty  miles  along 
the  road.  The  650  trucks  which  the  tables  of 
this  organization  of  the  division  provide  are 
a  large  factor  in  this  train.  The  number  of 
trucks  s^nt  overseas  prior  to  the  armistice 
was  40.000  and  of  these  33.000  had  been 
received  in  France.  They  ranged  in  size  from 
three-quarters  of  a  ton  to  five  tons. 

Telephone  and  Telegraph  Lines. 
In    order   to    operate    the   transportation   of 
supplies  in  France  the  American   signal  corps 
strung   its    wires    over   nearly    every    part    o 
France.     At  the  time  the  armistice  was  sign 
the  signal  corps  was  operating  28^    ' 
exchanges    and    133    complete    tel< 

tions.     The   telephone  lines   numbe 

reaching  8.959  stations.  More  than  100.000 
miles  of  wire  had  b^en  stning.  The  peak  In^d 
of  on«ration  reached  47.555  telegrams  a  day. 
averaging  sixty  wo^ds  each. 

Other  Construction. 

To  build  factories  and  storage  warehouses 
for  supplies,  ^s  well  as  housing  for  troops. 
200.000  wo'-kmpn  in  the  United  States  were 
kept  continuously  occupied  during  the  war. 


phone 


Housing  constructed  had  a  capacity  of  1  800  . 
000   men.     The  total  expenditures  in  this  m 
^"sejo  Novell.  lj»j^e^wii}1llffi: 

all  the  construction  work  was 
I-.-*  .iv-*  .**CTJ  i/y  the  corps  of  engineers  under 
tho  service  of  supply.  Up  to  the  signing  of 
the  armistice  the  construction  projects  un- 
dertaken in  France  numbered  831. 

No  Food  or  Clothing  Shortage. 

At  no  time  was  there  a  food  shortage  Sol- 
diers  sometimes  went  hungry,  but  thfcondL 
tion  was  local  and  temporary.  It  occurred 
because  of  transportation  difficulties  during 
periods  of  active  fighting  or  rapid  movement 
when  the  units  advanced  faster  than  their 
rolling  kitchens.  The  stocks  of  food  on  hand 
in  the  depots  in  France  were  always  adequate 

In   the   matter   of   clothing   also   the   supply 
services  rose  to  the  emergency  of  combat 
J^^^^.-PFi?.^  in  the   history   of   many 


.  Was  *•  " 

The  records  of  the  quartermaster  show  that 
during-  the  six  months  of  hard  fighting,  from 
June  to  November.  1918.  the  enlisted  man  ir 
the  A.  E.  F.  received  on  the  average: 

Slicker  and  overcoat  every  5  months. 

Blanket,  flannel  shirt  and  breeches  every  2 
months. 

Coat  every  79  days. 

Shoes  and  puttees  every  61  days. 

Drawers  and  undershirt  every  34  days. 

Woolen  socks   every   23   days. 
Summary. 

1.  The  problems  of  feeding  and  clothing  the 
army    were   difficult   because    of    the    immense 
quantities    involved    rather    than    because    of 
the    difficulty    of    manufacturing    the    articles 
needed. 

2.  Requirements  for  some  kinds  of  clothing 
for  the  army  were  more  than   twice  as  great 
as   the   prewar   total  American   production   of 
the  same  articles. 

3.  To    secure    the    articles    needed    for    the 
army  the  government   had  to  commandeer  all 
the  wool  and  some  other  staple  articles  in  the 
United  States  and  control  production  through 
all  its  stages. 

4.  The  distribution  of  supplies  in  the  expe- 
ditionary   forces   required   the   creation    of    an 
organization  called   the   service   of   supply,   to 
which  one-fourth  of  all  the  troops  who  went 
overseas    were    assigned. 

5.  American    engineers    built    in   France    83 
new    ship    berths.     1.000    miles    of    standard 
gauge  track   and  538   miles  of  narrow   gauge 

6.  The  signal  corps   strung  in  France   100.- 
000   miles  of   telephone  and  telegraph  wire. 

7.  Prior  to  the  armistice  40.000  trucks  were 
shipped  to  the  forces  in  France. 

8.  Construction  projects  in  the  United  States 
cost  twice  as  much  as  the  Panama  canal  and 
construction  overseas  was  on  nearly  as  large  a 

9.  The  army  in  France  always  had  enough 
food  and  clothing. 

RIFLES   AND  MACHINE   GUNS. 

Rifles. 

When  the  United  States  entered  the  war  there 
were  on  hand  nearly  600.000  Springfield 
rifles  of  the  model  of  1903.  or  sufficient  for 
the  initial  equipment  of  an  army  of  about 
1.000.000  men.  The  available  Spnngfieldg 
were  used  to  equip  the  regular  army  and  the 
national  gruard  divisions  that  were  first  or- 
ganized. There  were  also  in  stock  .some 
^OQ  000  Kr?>g-Jc-rgensen  rifles  in  sufficiently 
crood  condition  to  be  used  for  training-  pur- 
PORPS.  It  was  found  that  the  output  of 
Springfield  rifles  could  not  be  increased  to 
much  beyond  1.000  a  day.  which  was  Lot 
enough  There  were  in  the  country  several 
plants  just  completing  large  orders  for  t 
Enfield  rifle  of  the  British  firovernment.  A  new 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOlfc  1920. 


509 


rifle,  model  of  1917.  waa  designed,  which 
•Was  enough  like  the  British  weapon  to  make 
it  possible  to  convert  the  plants  equipped  for 
making-  Enfields  to  the  manufacture  of  the 
new  rifle  chambered  to  use  the  same  ammuni- 
tion as  is  used  in  the  Springfield  and  in 
American  machine  guns. 

Beginning  with  slightly  less  than  600.000 
Spring-fields  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  the 
total  at  the  end  of  the  war  had  increased  to 
nearly  900.000.  The  Enflelds  first  came  into 
duction  in  August.  1917.  After,  their  manu- 


pro 
fac 


, 

acture  had  actually  begun  the  output  in- 
creased rapidly  until  it  totaled  at  the  end  o'f 
the  war.  in  November.  1918.  nearly  2.300.000. 
It  is  a  fact  that  about  half  the  rifle  ammu- 
nition used  against  the  enemy  by  American 
troops  was  shot  from  Springfield  rifles.  Both 
the  Springfield  and  the  American  Enfield  rifles 
proved  superior  in  the  test  of  battle  to  the 
small  arms  used  by  the  enemy  or  the  other 
allies  in  accuracy  and  rapidity  of  fire. 

Machine  Guns. 

In  accordance  with  the  recommendations  of 
the  secretary  of  war  4.000  Vickers  machine 
suns  were  ordered  in  December.  1916.  and  by 
the  end  of  1917,  2.031  of  them  had  been 
delivered.  It  could  not.  however,  be  put  on 
a  Quantity  production  basis  because  of  tech- 
nical difficulties  in  manufacture.  Fortunately. 
a  new  gun  well  adapted  to  quantity  produc- 
tion was  presented  for  trial.  This  g-un.  the 
heavy  Browning,  performed  satisfactorily  in 
all  respects  and  was  adopted  as  the  ultimate 
standard  heavy  machine  gun.  The  lighl 
Browning,  designed  by  the  same  expert,  was 
easily  in  the  lead  as  an  automatics  rifle,  weigh- 
ing only  fifteen  pounds.  The  Lewis  gun,  too 
heavy  for  satisfactory  use  as  an  automatic 
rifle,  and  not  capable  of  the  long-sustained 
fire  necessary  in  a  heavy  gun.  was  very  well 
suited,  with  slight  modification,  for  use  as  a 
so-called  flexible  gun  on  aircraft.  A  smal" 
number  (2.500)  of  these  guns  was  ordered 
for  training  purposes  for  ground  use.  but  the 
bulk  of  the  possible  production  of  this  gun 
was  assigned  to  aircraft  purposes.  In  addition 
to  the  flexible  type,  airplanes  require  also  a 
synchronized  gun:  that  is.  a  gun  whose  time 
of  firing  is  so  adjusted  that  the  shots  pass 
between  the  propeller  blades  The  Vickers 
gnn  had  been  used  successfully  for  this  pur- 
pose in  Europe  and  the  call  was  insistent  lor 
their  diversion  to  this  use,  both  for  our  own 
planes  and  for  those  of  the  French.  After 
many  trials  and  adjustments,  however,  the 
Marlin  gun.  a  development  of  the  old  Colt. 
was  adapted  to  this  purpose,  releasing  part  of 
the  early  production  of  Vickers  guns  for 
ground  use.  A  subsequent  development  was 
the  design  of  a  modified  form  of  the  heavy 
Browning  for  aircraft  use  as  a  synchronized 
g-un. 

The  earliest  needs  of  our  troops  in  France 
were  met  by  French  Hotchkiss  machine  guns 
and  Chauchat  automatic  rifles.  A  little  later 
divisions  going-  over  were  provided  with  Vick- 
ers heavy  guns  and  Chauchat  automatic  rifles. 
After  July  1  divisions  embarking-  were 
equipped  with  light  and  heavy  Brownings. 
Both  Browning-  guns  met  with  immediate  suc- 
cess and  with  the  approval  of  foreign  officers 
as  well  as  with  that  of  o\\r  own. 

The  total  number  of  machine  guns  of  Amer- 
ican   manufacture    produced    to    the    end    of 
1918  is  shown  in  the  following-  table: 
Heavy  Browning-  field  .................  66.612 

Vickers  field   .  .  12.125 

Other  field    ...........................     6.366 

Lewis   aircraft    ........................   39.200 

Browning-  aircraft  .....................         580 

Marlin  aircraft    ....  ...................  .  38,000 

Vickers    aircraft   ......................     3.714 

Light  Browning1  .....................  ..  69,960 

Total    ..........  ...  ..................  226.557 

IB  addition  there  were  secured  from  the 
French  and  British  5,300  heavy  machine  guns, 
of  which  nearly  all  were  French  Hotchkiss 


guns,   and  34.000  French  Chauchat  automatic 
rifles. 

When  troops  embarked  for  France  they  ear- 
ned with  them  their  rifles  and  sometimes 
their  machine  guns  and  automatic  rifles.  If 
appropriate  allowance  is  made  for  such  troop 
property  in  addition  to  what  was  shipped  in 
bulk  for  replacement  and  reserves,  it  is  found 
that  about  1.775.000  rifles.  29.000  light 
Brownings  and  27.000  heavy  Brownings  and 
1.500,000.000  rounds  of  rifle  and  machine  gur 
ammunition  were  shipped  to  France  from  this 
country  before  Nov.  1.  These  supplies  were 
supplemented  by  smaller  amounts  received 
from  the  French  and  British,  as  already  men- 
tioned. The  actual  use  of  American  made 

France 


Used  at    Total, 
the      including 
frnnt.    training 
17.664 
3.528 
2,860 
3,930 
3-084 


1.625 


Light  Browning  .......... 

Heavy   Browning-    ...i........  .  .1.168 

Vickers  ground  gun  _____         ..2340 

Lewis   aircraft    ...............  1:393 

Marlin   aircraft    ........  OQQ 

Vickers  aircraft  ............  .'.'l.'320 

Pistols  and  Revolvers. 
From  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  call  for 
Pistols  was  insistent.  In  this  case  the  Amer- 
ican army  was  fortunate  in  having  in  the 
Browning-Colt  a  weapon  already  in  production 
and  more  effective  than  the  correspond  ng 
weapon  used  by  any  other  army.  But  white 
there  never  was  any  question  as  to  the  quality 
of  the  pistol,  there  was  much  trouble  in  SP- 
curmg  them  In  numbers  adequate  to  meet  the 
demands.  To  help  meet  the  situation  a  re^ 
tinn61^*8  desi?,ned  usiQg-  the  same  ammuni- 
tion and  placed  in  production  In  October. 
iSiZ'  1-1  i  a  result  .the  troops  in  France  who 
ZSS  Sie'cf  wr?,r 


nm™n 
000.000 


Small-Arms  Ammunition. 
A  sufficient  supply  of  small-arms  ammunition 
was. always  available  to  provide  for  troop" to 
service.  The  complication  due  to  the  use  of 
machine  guns  and  automatic  rifles  of  French 
caliber  was  successfully  met.  To  meet  the 
special  needs  of  the  air  service  and  of  anti- 
aircraft defense  new  types  of  ammunition 
were  designed  and  produced,  the  purposes  of 
which  are  indicated  by  their  names-^rmor 
Piercing  tracer  and  incendiary.  Before  the 
•^  "f  *he  war  American  production  of  rifle 
ion  amounted  to  approximately  3,500  - 
rounds,  of  which  1.500.000.000  were 
overseas.  In  addition  100,000,000 
British  W6re  secured  frorn  tne  French  and 
Summary. 

1.  When  war  was  declared  the  army  had  on 
hand  nearly  600.000   Springfield  rifles      Their 
ma21\*actu,re  was  continued,  and  the  American 

»    nS.  "fie  designed  and  put  into  production. 

2.  The    total    production    of    Springfield   and 
Enfield  rifles  up  to   the  signing  of  the  armi- 
stice was  over  2,500.000. 

3.  The    use    of    machine    guns    on    a    large 
scale  is  a  development  of  the  European  war. 
In  the  American  army  the  allowance  in  1912 
was  four  machine  guns  per  regiment.     In  1919 
the    new    army    plans    provide    for    an    equip- 
ment of  336  guns  per  regiment,  or  eighty-four 
times  as  many. 

4.  The  entire  number  of  American  machine 
guns  produced  to  the  end  of  1918  was  227.- 
000» 

5.  Ouriner  the  war  the  Browning-  automatic 
rifle  and  the  Browning  machine  grin  were  de- 
veloped, put  into  quantity  production  and  used 
in    large    numbers    in    the    final    battles    in 

6.  The  Browning-  machine  guns  are  believed 
to  be  more  effective  than   the  corresponding1 
weapons  used  in  any  other  army. 


510 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


7.  American  production  of  rifle  ammunition 
amounted  to  approximately  3,500,000,000 
rounds,  of  which  1,500.000.000  were  shipped 
overseas.  ARTILLERY. 

When    the    United    States    declared    war    on 


Germany  in  1917  there  were  900  pieces  of  field 
artillery    available.    The    gun   on   hand   in     " 
largest   Quantities   was   the   3-inoh  Afield    piece. 


the 


of  which  we  had  544.  of  which  filty  are  re- 
quired for  one  division.  This  was  a  sufficient 
number  to  equip  eleven  divisions.  The  initial 
plan  called  for  the  formation  of  forty-two 
divisions,  which  would  require  2.100  3-inch 
field  pieces  almost  at  once.  To  meet  the  situ- 
ation the  decision  was  made  in  June,  1917, 
to  allot  our  own  grins  to  training  purposes 
and  to  equip  our  forces  in  France  with  artil- 
lery conforming  to  the  French  and  British 
standard  calibers.  The  arrangement  was  to  buy 
from  the  British  and  French  the  artillery 
n^fVied  for  our  first  divisions  and  ship  to 
them  in  return  equivalent  amounts  of  steel, 


Heary  artillery  shells 


British 


.American 


and  smokeless  powder  were  all  required  by 
the  hundreds  of  million  pounds^  As  no  firm* 
were  prepared  to  manufacture  complete  rounds 
it  was  necessary  for  the  ordnance  department 
to  make  contracts  for  each  component  and 
assume  the  burden  of  directing  the  distribu- 
tion of  these  components  between  the  manu- 
lacturers.  For  the  shrapnel  it  was  possible 
to  use  the  design  substantially  as  had  pre- 
viously been  used  in  this  country,  but  the 
high  explosive  and  gas  shell  proved  more 
troublesome.  A  large  supply  of  American 
sheila  was  produced,  however,  before  the  sign- 
ing of  the  armistice  and  shipment  to  Europe 
in  quantity  had  begun.  The  ammunition 
actually^  used  against  the  enemy  at  the  front 
was  nearly  all  of  French  manufacture,  but  the 
approaching  supply  from  America  made  pos- 
sible a,  more  free  use  of  the  French  and  British 
reserves.  Our  monthly  production  of  artillery 
ammunition  rose  to  over  2,000.000  complete 
rounds  in  August  and  over  3,000.000  rounds 
e  U 


in   October  if   we  inclu 


,. 
nited  States  cali- 


Light  artillery  shells 
British   ."" 
American 

Heavy  artillery 


.328. OOP B 


Light  artillery 


.British 


l&ericaa 

BRITISH  AND  AMERICAN  PRODUCTION  OF  ARTILLERY  AND  AMMUNITION  FOR  FIRST 
TWENTY    MONTHS    OF    WAR. 


copper  and  other  raw  materials  to  manufac- 
ture new  guns.  With  no  serious  exceptions, 
the  guns  from  British  and  French  sources 
were  secured  as  needed,  but  our  own  plants 
were  slower  in  producing  complete  units 
ready  for  use  than  had  been  hoped  and 
planned. 

In  our  factories  the  3-inch  guns  of  improved 
model  which  had  been  ordered  in  September. 
1916,  were  changed  in  caliber  to  use  standard 
French  ammunition  and  became  known  as  77 
mm.  guns,  model  1916.  The  British  18- 
pounder  then  being  produced  in  this  country 
was  similarly  redesigned  and  became  known 
as  the  75  mm.  gun,  model  1917.  Work  was 
immediately  begun  also  on  the  plans  for  the 
French  75  mm.  gun,  so  as  to  make  it  possi- 
ble to  produce  it  in  American  factories.  For 
this  gun.  however,  it  was  necessary  to  de- 
velop new  manufacturing  capacity.  In  the 
case  of  other  calibers  of  artillery  the  same 
means  in  general  were  taken  to  secure  a 
supply. 

Artillery    Ammunition. 

In  the  magnitude  of  the  quantities  involved 
the  artillery  ammunition  program  was  the 
biggest  of  all.  Copper,  steel,  high  explosives 


bers.  By  the  end  of  1918  the  number  of 
rounds  of  complete  artillery  ammunition  pro- 
duced in  American  plants  was  in  excess  of 
20.000,000,  as  compared  with  9.000, 000 
rounds  secured  from  the  French  and  British. 

Smokeless  Powder  and  High  Explosives. 

From  April  1.  1917.  to  Nov.  11.  1918,  the 
production  of  smokeless  powder  in  the  United 
States  was  632,000.000  pounds,  which  was 
almost  exactly  equal  to  the  combined  pro- 
duction of  France  and  Great  Britain.  This 
was  not  all  for  American  use.  About  half  the 
British  supply  in  1917  was  drawn  from  this 
country  and  in  1918  more  than  one-third  of 
the  French  supply  was  made  in  America.  In 
the  mutter  of  high  explosives,  such  as  TNT. 
ammonium  nitrate,  picric  acid  and  others,  the 
United  States  was  poorly  prepared  and  it  be- 
came necessary  to  erect  new  plants.  As  the 
result  of  the  efforts  made  the  rate  of  pro- 
duction at  the  close  of  the  war  was  more  -than 
40  per  cent  larger  than  Great  Britain's  and 
nearly  double  that  of  France.  The,  averages 
for  the  three  countries  in  August.  September 
and  October.  1919.  were:  — 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


611 


Country- 
eat  Britai 


Pounds. 

Great  Britain  30957000 

France    *.., 22.802,000 

United  States    43.888,000 

Poison  Gases. 
In  tfc£  Ypres  salient  early  in  1915  the  Ger- 
mans introduced  poison  gas  as  a  weapon  in 
warfare.  When  America  entered  the  war  there 
were  no  facilities  for  producing  toxic  gases  in 
large  quantities.  The  government  found  it 
necessary  to  build  its  own  chemical  plants  and 
to  finance  certain  private  firms.  The  majority 
of  these  plants  were  at  what  became  known 
as  Edgewood  Arsenal,  Md.  The  increase  in 
production  was  rapid  and  steady  during1  1918 
and  before  the  armistice  was  signed  more 
than  10,000  tons  had  been  manufactured. 

That  eras  is  a  powerful  weapon  in  war  is 
shown  by  the  fact  that  in  1918  from  20  to  30 
per  cent  of  all  the  American  casualties  were 
caused  by  gas.  At  the  close  of  the  war  the 
United  States  was  equipped  to  produce  gas 
at  a  more  rapid  rate  than  France.  England 
or  Germany. 

American  Artillery  in  France. 
When  the  armistice  came  in  November  the 
American  forces  not  only  had  a  sufficient 
number  of  75s  for  the  twenty-nine  combat 
divisions,  but  in  addition  enough  mere  for 
twelve  other  divisions.-  A  careful  study  of 
the  battle  records  of  all  the  divisions  shows 
that  if  all  the  days  in  the  line  of  all  the 
combat  divisions  are  added  together,  the  total 
is  2,233-  The  records  further  show  the  num- 
ber of  days  that  each  division  was  in  line 
with  its  own  artillery,  with  British  artillery, 
with  French,  or  without  any. 

The  result  of  the  compilation  is  to  show 
that  in  every  100  days  that  our  combat  divi- 
sions were  in  line  they  were  supported  by 
their  own  artillery  for  seventy-five  da  vs.  by 
rritlph  artillery  for  five  days,  by  French  for 
one  and  one-half  days,  and  were  without  artil- 
lery for  eighteen  and  one-half  days  out  of 
100.  Of  these  eighteen  and  one-half  days, 
however,  eighteen  days  were  in  quiet  sectors 
and  only  one-half  of  one  day  in  active  sec- 
tors. There  are  only  three  records  of  Amer- 
ican divisions  being  in  an  active  sector  with- 
out artillery  support.  The  total  of  these  three 
cases  amounts  to  one-half  of  1  per  cent,  or 
about  fourteen  hours  out  of  the  typical  100 
days  just  analyzed. 

The  most  significant  facts  about  our  artillery 
in  France  are  presented  in  summary  in  the 
following-  table,  which  takes  into  account  only 
light  and  heavy  field  artillery  and  dees  not 
include  either  the  small  37-millimeter  eruns  or 
the  trench  mortars: 
Total  pieces  of  artillery  received  to 

Nov.  11  3.499 

Number  of  American  manufacture... 
American  made  pieces  used  in  battle  130 

Artillery  on  firing-  line  2.251 

Rounds   of   artillery   ammunition  ex- 
pended   8.116.000 

Rounds   of   ammunition  of  American 

manufacture  expended   208.327 

Rounds  of   American   made  ammuni- 
tion expended  in  battle   8.400 

Tractors  and  Tanks. 

An  innovation  in  this  war.  development  of 
what  in  the  future  promises  to  be  even  more 
Important,  was  the  increased  use  of  motor 
transportation.  As  applied  to  the  artillery, 
this  meant  the  use  of  caterpillar  tractors  to 
haul  the  big:  grins,  especially  over  rough 
ground.  TThen  we  entered  the  war  no  suitable 
designs  existed  for  caterpillar  tractors  of  size 
appropriate  for  the  medium  heavy  artillery. 
But  new  5-ton  and  10-ton  types  were  per- 
fected in  this  country.  Put  into  production, 
and  1.100  shipped  overseas  before  Nov.  1. 
About  300  larger  tractors  were  also  shipped 
and.  350  more  secured  from  the  French  and 

The  tank  was  an  even  more  important  appli- 

Stion  of  the  caterpillar  tractor  to  war  uses, 
the    case   of    the   small    6-ton    tanks,    the 


efforts  of  this  country  were  largely  concen- 
trated on  improvement  of  design  and  on  de- 
velopment of  large  scale  production  for  the 
1919  campaign.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  armi- 
stice sixty-four  had  been  produced  in  this 
country,  and  the  rate  at  which  production  was 
getting-  under  way  is  shown  by  the  fact  that 
in  spite  of  the  armistice  the  total  completed 
to  March  31.  1919.  was  778.  The  burden 
of  active  service  in  France  was  borne  by 
227  of  these  tanks  received  from  the  French. 
The  efforts  of  this  country  in  the  case  of 
heavy  thirty-ton  tanks  were  concentrated  on 
a  co-operative  plan  by  which  this  country  was 
to.  furnish  liberty  motors  and  the  rest  of  the 
driving-  mechanism  and  the  British  the  armor 
pl*te  for  1.500  tanks  for  the  1919  campaign. 
It  has  been  estimated  that  about  one-half  the 
work  on  the  American  components  for  this 
project  had  been  completed  before  Nov.  11 
and  the  work  of  assembly  of  the  initial  units 
was  well  under  way1.  For  immediate  use  in 
Fr?nce  this  country  received  sixty-four  heavy 
tanks  from  the  British. 

Summary. 

1.  When  war  was  declared  the  United  States 
nad  sulncient  light  artillery  to  equip  an  army 
of  500.000  men.  and  shortly  found  itself  con- 
ted  with  the  problem  of  preparing-  to  eauio 

men. 

2.  To  meet  the  situation  it  was  decided  in 
June.   1917.  to  allot  our  sruns  to  tra:ninsr  pur- 
poses and  to  equip  our  forces  in  France  with 
artillery  conforming1  to  the  French  and  British 
standard  calibers. 

3.  It  was  arranged  that  we  should  purchase 
from    the    French    and    British     the     artillery 
needed  for  our  first  divisions  and  shin  them  in 
return  eauivalent  amounts  of  steel,  cooper  and 
other  raw  materials  so  that  they  could  either 
manufacture   guns   for  us    in    their   own   fac- 
tories   or  give   us   grins    out   of   their   stocks 
and  replace  them  by  new  ones  made  from  our 
materials 

4.  UD  to  the  end  of  April.  1919.  the  number 
of  complete  artillery  units  produced  in  Amer- 
ican plants  was  more  than  3.000.  or  eaual  to 
all  those  purchased  from  the  French  aad  Brit- 
dnriner the  war 

5.  The  number  of  rounds,  of  complete  artil- 
lery ammunition  produced  in  American  tuants 
was  in  excess  of  20.000.000.  as  compared  with 
9.000.000  rounds  secured  from  the  French  and 


6.  In  the  first  twenty  months  afte 
r'pclarption  of  war  by  each  country  the  ] 
did  better  than  we  did  in  the  production  o 


rit 


lierht   artillery,    a 

ducing    heavy    artillery    and    both     light 


nd   we  excelled    them  in   pro 
rtill 
heavy  ammunition 


and 


. 

7.  So  far  as   the  allies  were  concerned  the 
European    war    was    in    larere    measure    foueht 
with  American  powder  and  high  explosives. 

8.  At  the  end  of  the  war  American  produc- 
tion   of    smokeless    powder    was    45    per    cent 
greater  than   the   French   and   British   produc- 
tion combined. 


9.  At  the  end  of  the  war  the  American  pro- 

£E    hierh    explosives    was    1.    _ 
an    Great   Britain's   and   nearly  dou- 


. 

duction 




40   per  cent 


ble   that   of   France 

10.  During-  the  war*  America  produced  10.000 
tons  of  eras,  much  of  which  was  sold  to  the 
French  and  British. 

11.  Out  of  every  hundred  days  that  our  com- 
bat divisions  were  in  line  in  France  they  were 
-upported   by  their  own    artillery   for  seventy- 
five  days,  by  British  artillery  for  five  days  and 
by  French  for  one  and  one-half  days.     Of  the 
remaining-  eierhtepn  and  on^-half  dn:-«  thnt  they 
were   in   line   without   artillery,    eighteen    days 
were  in  quiet  sectors,  and  only  one-half  of  one 
day  in  each  hundred  was  in   active  sectors. 

12.  In    round    numbers,    we    had     in    France 
3.500  pieces  of  artillery,  of  which  nearly  500 
were    made    in    America,    and   we   used   on    the 
firing1    line    2.250    pieces,    of    which    over    100 
were  made  in  America. 

Airplanes,   Motors   and   Balloons. 
When  the  war  was  declared  in  April.   1917. 


512 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


the  United  States  had  two  aviation  fields  and 
fifty  -five  serviceable  airplanes.  The  national 
advisory  committee  on  aeronautics,  which  had 
been  conducting  a  scientific  study  of  the  prob- 
lems of  fliffht.  advised  that  fifty-one  of  these 
airplanes  ware  obsolete  and  the  other  four  ob- 

6°Teheret'were  three  primary  requisites  for 
bringing  into  existence,  an  elementary  aviation 
service?  These  were  training  planes,  aviators 
and  service  planes.  All  of  them  had  to  be 


shortage  of  instructors  and  the 
opening-  of  new  fields  made  it  necessary  to 
retain  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  early 
graduating-  classes  as  instructors..  At  the  date 
of  the  armistice  there  were  thirty-four  fields 
in  operation,  with  1.063  instructors:  8.602 
men  had  been  graduated  from  elementary 
training-,  and  4.028  from  advanced  training. 
There  were  then  actually  in  training  6.528 
men  of  whom  59  per  cent  were  in  elementary 
and  41  per  cent  in  advanced  training  schools. 
There  had  been  sent  to  the  expeditionary 
forces  more  than  5.000  pilots  and  observers. 
of  whom,  at  the  date  of  armistice.  2.226  were 
still  in  training  and  1.238  were  on  flying  duty 

The  total  '  personnel  of  our  air  service,  in- 
cluding flying  and  nonflying  officers,  students 
and  enlisted  men.  increased  from  about  1.200 
at  the  6utbreak  of  the  war  to  nearly  200.000 
at  the  close. 

Training  Planes  and  Engines. 

With  4.500  aviators  demanded  and  only 
fifty-five  training  planes  on  hand,  the  Pro- 
duction of  training  planes  was  the  problem 
of  greatest  immediate  concern.  A  few  planes 
provided  for  in  the  1917  fiscal  appropriation 
were  on  order.  Other  orders  were  rapidly 
placed.  Deliveries  of  primary  training  planes 
were  begun  in  June.  1917.  To  the  date  of 
the  armistice  over  5.300  had  been  produced. 
including  1.600  of  a  type  which  was  aban- 
doned on  account  of  tinsatisfactoT  engines. 

Advanced  training  planes  reached  quantity 
production  early  in  1918:  up  to  the  armistice 
about  2.500  were  delivered.  Approximately 
the  same  number  were  purchased  overseas  for 
training  the  units  with  the  expeditionary 
force. 

European  experience  had  demonstrate  that 
the  maintenance  of  a  squadron,  whether  in 
training-  or  in  service,  requires  more  engines 
than  planes  for  replacements.  Pending  th^  re- 
sults of  American  experience.  British  figures, 
requiring  an  average  production  of  two  engines 
per  plane,  were  adopted  as  standard  for  Amer- 
ican computations.  Extensive  orders  were 
placed  for  two  types  of  elementary  and  three 
types  of  advanced  training  engines. 

Quantity  production  of  training  engines  was 
reached  in  1917  and  by  the  end  of  November. 
1918.  a  total  of  nearly  IS,  000  training  engines 
and  more  than  9.500  training-  planes  had  been 
delivered  Of  the  engines,  all  but  1.346  wre 
built  in  the  United  States;  and  of  the  P.  POO 
elementary  training  plan°s  more  than  8.000 
were  of  American  manufacture. 

Service  Planes. 

On  our  entry  into  the  war  it  became  possi- 
ble for  American  officers  and  engineers  to 
learn  the  secret  s  of  the  great  improvements 
that  had  b°en  d«vplooed  during  the  war  in  air- 
planes used  in  battle  service.  A  commission 
was  sent  abroad  to  select  types  of  foregn 
service  planes  for  production  in  the  United 
Strifes.  The  commission  selected  four  types. 
with  a  view  to  their  adaptability  to  a  new 
type  of  motor.  These  were  the  De  Haviland-4 
(British)  observation  and  day  bombing  ma- 
chine. the  Handley  Pag*  (British)  night 
bomber,  the  Caproni  (Italian)  night  bomber 
and  the  Bristol  (British),  two  seater  fighter. 
At  the  time  of  the  armistice  the  De  Haviland 
plane  was  being  produced  at  th°  rate  of  about 
1.100  a  month.  A  total  of  3.?.?.7  had  been 
completed.  1.885  had  been  shipped  to  Prance 
and  667  to  the  zone  of  the  advance.  The 


Handley  Page  was  redesigned  to  take  two  high 
powered  American  motors,  passed  its  tests  and 
on  the  date  of  the  armistice  parts  lor  100 
bad  been  shipped  abroad  for  assembly. 

Delay  in  the  receipt  of  plans  for  the  Ca- 
proni greatly  retarded  the  redesign  of  this 
machine.  Successful  tests  of  the  new  model 
were,  however,  completed  previous  to  the  ar- 
mistice. The  Bristol  fighter  was  a  failure. 
The  total  production  of  service  planes  at  the 
end  of  November.  1918,  was  nearly  7.900.  of 
which  nearly  4.100  were  of  American  manu- 
facture, and  remaining  3,800  were  of  foreign 
manufacture.  In  other  words,  of  every  100 
battle  planes  which  we  received  up  to  the 
end  of  November,  1918.  fifty-two  were  of 
American  manufacture  and  forty-eight  were 
made  in  foreign  factories. 

Two  new  models — the  Le  Pere  two-seater 
fighter  and  the  Martin  bomber— were  designed 
around  the  standard  American  motor,  and 
in  tests  prior  to  the  armistice  each  showed 
a  performance  superior  to  that  of  any  known 
ma-chm9  of  its  class.  Neither,  however,  wag 
completed  in  time  for  use  in  actual  service. 

Service  Engines. 

The  rapid  development  of  the  heavier  type* 
of  airplane,  together  with  the  pressing  need 
for  large  scale  production,  made  necessary  the 
development  of  a  high  powered  motor  adapta- 
ble to  American  methods  of  standardized  quan- 
tity production.  Thia  need  was  met  in  the 
Liberty  twelve  cylinder  motor,  which  was 
America's  chief  contribution  to  aviation. 
After  this  standardized  motor  had  passed  the 


experimental  stage  production  increased  with 
rapidity,  the  October  output  being  over  4,200. 
The  total  production  of  Liberty  engines  to 


the  date  of  the  armistice  wjis  13.574.  Of  this 
production  4,435  were  shipped  overseas  to 
the  expeditionary  forces  and  1,025  were  de- 
livered to  the  British,  French  and  Italian  air 
services. 


Other  types  of  service  engines,  including  the 
Hispano-Suiza  300  horse  power,  the  Bugatti 
and  the  Liberty  eight  cylinder,  were  undor  de- 
velopment when  hostilities  ceased.  The  His- 
pano-Suiza 180  horse  power  had  reached  quan- 
tity production:  469  of  this  type  were  pro- 
duced, of  which  about  one-half  wrre  shipped • 
overseas  for  use  in  foreign  built  pursuit 

Up  to  the  end  of  November,  1918,  the  to- 
tal number  of  service  engines  aecured  was 
in  exc"=s  of  22.000.  Of  this  number  more 
than  16.000.  or  73  per  cent  were  from 
American  sources  and  Jess  than  6,000  from 
foreign  sources. 

Accessories. 

In  the  line  of  aviation  accessories  some 
notable  results  were  achieved  by  intensive  re- 
search. Among  them  may  be  mentioned  the 
oxygen  mask  with  telephone  connections,  en- 
abling the  flyer  to  endure  the  rarefied  air  at 
high  altitudes  and  ?t  the  same  time  pe-mitting 
him  to  h?ve  sneaking  contact  with  his  com- 
panions: the  military  parachute,  which  was 
made  safe:  not  a  single  American  casualty  oc- 
curring through  parachute  failure:  electric 
heatea  clothing  for  aviators  on  high  altitude 
work:  loner  focus  cameras,  enabling  obse-vers 
to  take  photographs  from  altitudes  of  three 
mile?  or  more:  and  the  wireless  telephone,  en- 
abling aviators  to  talk  easily  with  other 
pilots  in  the  air  and  with  the  ground  sta- 
tions. Much  of  the  credit  for  the  invention 
or  -imnrovement  -of  these  accessories  is  due 
the  Americans. 

Balloons 

In  no  field  did  American  manufacturing  ca- 
pacity achieve  a  greater  relative  success  tnan 
In  the  production  of  observation  balloons. 
Before  the  armistice  we  had  produced  642 
observation  balloons  and  had  received  twenty 
from  the  French.  Forty-three  of  our  balloons 
had  been  destroyed  and  forty-five  given  to  the 
French  and  British.  This  left  MS  with  574 
balloons  at  the  end  of  the  war  or  nearly 
twice  as  many  as  the  enemy  and  the  allies 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


513 


combined  had  on  the  western  front.  The  Bel- 
gian army  had  six.  the  British  forty-three,  the 
French  seventy-two  and  the  Germans  170. 

Squadrons  at  the  Front, 

The  American  pilots  of  the  Lafayette  esca- 
drille  were  transferred  from  the  French  to  the 
American  service  Dec.  26.  1917.  flying-  as 
civilians  until  formally  commissioned  in  late 
January.  1918.  They  were  then  attached  to 
and  served  with  the  French  4th  army,  operat- 
ing over  Reims. 

In  addition  to  the  purely  American  opera- 
tions, two  full  squadrons  were  attached  to  the 
British  Royal  air  force  in  March  and  June 
respectively  pi  1918.  remaining:  with  the  Brit- 
ish throughout  the  war.  and  participated  in 
the  following  engagements:  The  Picardy  drive. 
Ypres.  Noyon-Montdidier.  Villers,  Bray-Rosi- 
eres-Roye,  Arras,  Bapaume,  Canal  du  Nord  and 
Lambrai. 

The  strictly  American  aviation  operations 
started  in  th3  middle  of  March.  1918,  with  the 
patrolling  of  the  front  from  Villeneuve-les- 
Vertus  by  an  American  pursuit  squadron 
using-  Planes  of  the  French  built  Nieuport-28 
type.  These  operations  were  in  the  nature 
of  a  tryout  of  the  American  trained  aviators, 
and  their  complete  success  was  followed  by  an 
immediate  increase  of  the  aerial  forces  at 
the  front,  with  enlargement  of  their  duties  and 
field  of  action.  By  the  middle  of  May  squad- 
rons of  all  types— pursuit,  observation  and 
bombing— as  well  as  balloon  companies  were 
in  operation  over  a  wide  front.  These  squad- 
rons were  equipped  with  the  best  available 


active  sectors  had  three  squadrons,  two  for 
observation  and  one  foi  pursuit.  Their 
strength  totaled  thirty-five  planes.  In  May 
the  squadrons  were  increased  to  nine.  The 
most  rapid  growth  occurred  after  July,  when 
American  De  Haviland  planes  were  becoming 
available  in  quantity  for  observation  and  day 
bombing  service,  and  by  November  the  number 
of  squadrons  increased  to  forty-five,  with  a 
total  of  740  planes  in  action. 

Of  the  total  of  2,698  planes  sent  to  the  zone 
of  action.  667  were  of  American  make  and  the 
proportion  was  rapidly  increasing-  when  the 


Apr    May 


Jon 


Jnl 


Aog 


Oct 


Nor 


1918 

AMERICAN    AIR,    SQUADRONS    IN    ACTION    EACH  MONTH. 


types  of  British  and  French  built  service 
planes. 

The  squadrons  were  of  four  types:  Obser- 
vation squadrons,  whose  business  it  is  to  make 
observations,  take  photographs  and  direct  ar- 
tillery fire;  pursuit  squadrons,  using  light 
fighting'  planes  to  protect  the  observation 
planes  at  their  work,  to  drive  the  enemy  from 
the  air,  or  to  "strafe"  marching  columns  by 
machine-gun  fire;  the  day  bombers,  whose 
work  was  the  dropping  of  bombs  on  railways 
or  roads:  and  the  night  bombers,  carrying 
heavier  bomb  loads  for  the  destruction  of 
etrategic  enemy  works. 

In  April  the  American  forces  just  going  into 


armistice  came.  Of  the  2.031  planes  from  for- 
eign sources,  nine-tenths  were  French.  At  the 
sierniner  of  the  armistice  only  1.162  planes  of 
the  2.698  sent  to  the  zone  of  advance  re- 
mained, so  rapid  was  the  rate  of  destruction. 

Important    Operations. 

Three  major  operations  furnish  a  compari- 
son indicating  the  growth  of  the  American 
air  forces  in  actton.  Th^y  are:  The  second 
battle  of  the  Marne.  St  Mihiel  and  the  Meuse- 
Are-onne.  , 

Chateau  Thierry— July. 

^On  the  Chateau-Thierr.v-Soissons  front  the 
Germans  at  the  start  had  a  pronounced  aui>«- 


514 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


riority  in  the  air.  The  American  service,  how- 
ever, succeeded  in  establishing-  the  lines  of  con- 
tact with  the  enemy  airmen  from  three  to  ten 
miles  within  the  enemy's  line,  photographed 
the  entire  front  and  the  terrain  deep  behind  the 
lines  and  played  an  important  part  in  Duttiner 
the  German  air  forces  on  the  defensive.  The 
German  concentration  for  the  attack  of  July 


15  was  reported  in  detail  and  the  location  of 
the  German  reserves  established,  while  the  se- 
crecy of  the  allied  mobilization  for  the  coun- 


terattack was  maintained  and  the  Germans 
were  surprised.  The  American  force  employed 
consisted  of  four  pursuit  squadrons,  three  ob- 
servation sauadrons  and  two  balloon  com- 

St.   Mihiel— September. 

In  capturing1  the  St.  Mihiel  salient  the  Amer- 
ican 1st  army  was  aided  and  protected  by  the 
largest  concentration  of  air  force  ever  made, 
of  which  approximately  one-third  were  Amer- 
ican and  the  other  two-thirds  were  French, 
British  and  Italian  sauadrons  operating:  under 
American  command.  Throughout  this  opera- 
tion the  German  back  areas  were  kept  under 
bombardment  day  and  night-  their  reserves 
and  ammunition  dumps  were  located  for  the 
American  loner-range  artillery:  propaganda  de- 
signed to  disaffect  enemy  personnel  was 
dropped:  record  was  made  by  photograph  of 
every  movement  of  the  enemy's  lines  and  re- 
serves, such  information  being1  frequently  de- 
livered to  headquarters  in  finished  photographs 
within  half  an  hour  of  its  occurrence:  the 
pursuit  planes  armed  with  machine  gruns 
low  over  the  German  lines,  firing  directly  into 

Day  bombers  and  corps  and  artillery  observ- 
ers were  forced  to  fly  low  on  account  of  the 
fog1  which  hampered  all  the  day  operations, 
greatly  reduced  the  visibility  and  made  in- 
fantry liaison  especially  difficult.  This  ac- 
counts for  the  fact  that  some  trouble  was 
experienced  by  the  infantry  with  German 
"strafing"  planes. 

The  American  air  force  employed  consisted 
of  twelve  pursuit  squadrons,  twelve  observa- 
tion squadrons,  three  bombing  squadrons  and 
fifteen  balloon  companies.  This  large  force 
performed  an  amount  of  flying  approximately 
three  times  as  great  as  was  done  during  the 
Chateau  Thierry  operations.  During  the  last 
two  weeks  of  July  the  flying-  time  was  more 
hours  per  week.  The  week  of  the 
offensive  it  rose  to  nearly  4,000 
hours. 

Meuse-Argonne— September    to    November. 

Because  the  Meuse-Argonne  engagement  cov- 
ered a  wider  front  and  a  more  extended  period 
of  time,  against  an  enemy  who  had  improved 
his  distribution  of  air  force  along  the  entire 
southern  section  of  the  front,  no  such  heavy 
instantaneous  concentration  of  planes  as  was 
made  at  St.  Mihiel  was  possible.  In  this 
operation,  moreover,  less  assistance  was  ren- 
dered by  French  and  British  flyers.  The 
American  force  used  during  the  engagement 
was  considerably  larger  than  at  St.  Mihiel. 

On  the  signing  of  the  armistice  there  were 
twenty  pursuit  squadrons,  eighteen  observa- 
tion smiadrons  and  seven  squadrons  of  bomb- 
ers with  1.238  flying1  officers  and  740  service 
planes.  There  were  also  twenty-three  balloon 
companies. 

Test   of  Battle. 

In  the  course  of  their  few  months  of  active 
service  American  aviators  brought  down  755 
enemy  planes.  Their  own  losses  were  357 
planes.  Forty-three  American  and  seventy-one 
German  balloons  were  destroyed. 

Summary. 

1.  On  the  declaration  of  war  the  United 
States  had  fifty-five  training  airplanes,  of 
which  fifty-one  were  classified  as  obsolete  and 
the  otn»r  four  as  " 


two  weeks 
than  1.000 
St.  Mihiel 


owu    manufacture    3.800    service 
. 

.  Aviation  training-  schools  in  the  United 
States  graduated  8.002  men  from  the  ele- 
mentary course  and  4.028  from  the  advanced 

and  observers 


tnth  w*eiS  prod,uced  ^  the  United  States 

to  the  end  of  Nov.  30.  1918.  more  than  8.000 

in!  engines       *  m°re  than   16'000   ™* 

6.  The  De  Haviland-4  observation  and  day 
bombing  plane  was  the  only  plan's  the  United 
States  put  into  quantity  production.  Beiore 
the  signing1  of  the  armistice  3  227  had  been 
completed  and  1,885  shipped  ovtrseS  Tte 

0068  USed  at  the  lront  lor 


2.  Whm  we  entered  the  war  the  allies  made 
the  designs  of  their  planes  available  to  us 
and  before  the  end  of  hostilities  furnished  us 


T,-LThe  Production  of  the  twelve  cylinder 
Liberty  engine  was  America's  chief  contribu- 
tion to  aviation.  Befon  the  armistice 


"^"  K_r  c»  viuiiuii.  rseion  me  armistice  IS  ^74 
had  been  completed.  4.435  shipped  t?  the  ex- 
'""-ary  forces  and  1.025  delivered  to  the 

8.  The  first  flyers  in  action  wearing  the 
American  uniform  were  members-  of  the  La- 
fayette squadron,  who  were  transferred  to  the 
American  service  in  December.  1917 
*«&  Th£  A°aerican  air  force  at  the  front  grew 
from  three  squadrons  in  April  to  forty-five 
in  November.  1918.  On  Nov.  11  the  forty- 
squadrons  had  an  equipment  of  740 


10.  Of  the  2,698  planes  sent  to  the  zone  of 
advance  for  American  aviators  667.   or  nearly 
one-fourth,    were   of   American   manufacture. 

11.  American    air    squadrons    played    impor- 
tant  roles  in  the  battles  of  Chateau  Thie^yT 
St.     Mihiel     and    the    Meuse-Argonne        They 
brought   down  in    combat    755    enemy   planes 
while  their  own  losses  were  only  357. 

AMERICANS  IN  BATTLE. 

Two  out  of  every  three  American  soldiers 
who  reached  France  took  part  in  battle  The 
number  who  reached  France  was  2.084  000 
and  of  these  1.390,000  saw  active  service  in 
the  front  line.  American  combat  forces  were 
organized  into  divisions,  each  consisting  of 
some  28.000  officers  and  men.  The  British  di- 
vision numbered  about  15.000  and  those  of 
the  French  and  Germans  about  12.000  each. 
Of  the  forty-two  divisions  that  reached 
France  twenty-nine  took  part  in  active  com- 
bat service,  while  the  others  were  used  for 
replacements  or  were  just  arriving  when  the 
war  ended.  The  battle  record  of  the  Uni'.ed 
States  army  in  this  war  is  largely  the  history 
of  these  twenty-nine  combat  divisions  Seven 
of  them  were  regular  army  divisions,  eleven 
were  organized  from  the  national  guard  and 
eleven  from  the  national  army  troops. 

American  combat  divisions  were  in  battle 
for  200  days  from  April  25,  1918.  when  the 
1st  regular  division,  after  long:  training  in 
quiet  sectors,  entered  an  active  sector  on  the 
Picardy  front,  until  the  signing-  of  the  armi- 
stice. During  these  200  days  they  were  en- 
gaged in  thirteen  major  operations,  of  which 
eleven  were  joint  enterprises  with  the  French. 
British  and  Italians  and  two  were  distinctly 
American. 

At  the  time  of  their  greatest  activity,  in 
the  second  week  in  October,  all  twenty-nine 
-American  d'visions  were  in  action.  They 
then  held  101  miles  of  front,  or  23  per  cent 
of  the  entire  allied  battle  line.  From  the 
middle  of  August  until  the  end  of  the  war 
they  held,  during*  the  greater  part  of  the  tjme. 
a  front  longer  than  that  held  by  the  Brit- 
ish. Their  strength  tir>ped  the  balance  of 
man  power  in  favor  of  the  allies,  so  tn*T, 
from  tho  middle  of  Jimp.  1918.  to  the  end 
of  the  war  the  allied  forces  were  superior  in 
number  to  those  of  the  enemy. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


515 


1917 


1918 


s  I  * 

GQO£iQ 


11111111111111111 

222222222222222 
26  26  26  26  26  26  26  26  26  26  26  26  26  26 
42  42  42  42  42  42  42  42  42  42  42  42 
41  41  41  41  41  41  41  41  41  41  41 
32  32  32  32  32  32  32  32  32 
55555555 
33333333 
77  77  77  77  77  77  77 
82  82  82  82  82  82 
35  35  35  35  35  35 
282828282828 
444444 
27  27  27  27  27  27 
666666 
33  33  33  33  33  33 
30  30  30  30  30  30 
80  80  80  80  80  80 
78  78  78  78  78 
83  83  83  83  83 
89  89  89  89  89 
9292929292 
9090909090 
3737373737 
29  29  29  29  29 
76  76  76  76 
79  79  79  79 
91  91  9191 
36363636 
85  85  85 
777 
81  81  81 
88  88  88 

39  39  39 

40  40  40 
8787 
8484 
8686 
3434 

31 
38 
8 


NUMERICAL  DESIGNATIONS 
OP  AMERICAN  DIVISIONS 
IN  FRANCE  EACH  MONTH. 


The  total  battle  advances  of  all  tlie  American 
divisions  amount  to  7b2  kilometers,  or  485 
miles,  an  average  advance  lor  each  division  of 
seventeen  milea.  nearly  all  of  it  asrainst  des- 
perate enemy  resistance.  They  cautured  63  - 
000  prisoners,  1,378  pieces  of  artillery;  708 
trench  mortars  and  9.650  machine  sruns.  In 
June  and  July  they  helped  to  shatter  the  en- 
emy advance  toward  Paris  and  to  turn  retreat 
into  a  triumphant  offensive.  At  St.  Mihiel 
they  pinched  off  in  a  day  an  enemy  salient. 
which  had  been  a  constant  menace  to  the 
French  line  for  four  years.  In  the  Argonne 
and  on  the  Meuse  they  carried  lines  which 
the  enemy  had  determined  to  hold  at  any  cost 
and  cut  the  enemy  lines  of  communication  and 
supply  for  half  of  the  western  battle  front. 

Another  measure  of  American  participation 
is  the  effect  caused  by  the  raoid  arrivals  of 
American  troops  on  the  rifle  strengrth  of  the 
allied  armies.  On  April  1  the  Germans  had 
an  actual  superiority  of  324.000  riflemen  on 
the  .  western  front.  Their  strenerth  increased 
during1  the  next  two  months,  but  began  to 
drop  during  June.  At  the  same  time  the  al- 
lied strength,  with  the  constantly  trrowinu 
American  forces,  was  showing  a  steadv  in- 
crease, so  that  the  two  lines  crossed  during 
June.  From  that  time  on  allied  strength  was 
always  in  the  ascendancy  and  since  the  French 
and  British  forces  were  weaker  in  October  and 
November  than  they  were  in  April  and  May. 
this  growing-  ascendancy  of  the  allies  was  due 
entirely  to  the  Americans.  By  Nov.  1  the 
allied  rifle  etrenerth  had  a  superiority  over  the 
German  of  more  than  600.000  rifles. 
THIRTEEN  BATTLES. 

American  troops  saw  service  on  practically 
every  stretch  of  the  western  front  from  Br  t- 
ish  lines  in  Belsrium  to  inactive  sectors  in  the 
Vasgea.  On  Oct.  21.  1917.  Americans  entered 


uly  18  to  Aue.  6..    2 
8   to  Nov.   11...... 

g-.   18   to   Nov.  ll. 
r.  19  to  Nov.  11...    1 


I  the  1'ne  in  the  auiet  Toul  sector.  From  that 
date  to  the  armistice  American  units  were 
somewhere  in  line  almost  continuously. 

It  is  difficult  to  cut  UP  the  year  and  twenty- 
two  days  which  intervened  into  well  defined 
battles,  for  in  a  sense  the  entire  war  on  the 
western  front  was  a  sinerle  battle.  It  is  pos- 
sible, however,  to  distinguish  certain  major 
operations  or  phases  of  the  ereater  strusrcrle. 
Thirteen  such  operations  have  been  reoosrnized 
in  which  American  units  were  encaeed.  of 
which  twelve  took  place  on  the  western  front 
and  one  in  Italy.  These  battles  are  named 
and  the  number  of  Americana  ensaeed  ia 
shown  herewith: 

Americana 

Operation.  engaged. 

West  front— Campaign  of  1917: 

Cambrai.  Nov.  20  to  Dec.  4 

West  front— Camnaiern  of  1918: 
German   offensives.   March   21   to 
July   18— 
Somme.   March  21  to  April  6.... 

LVB.  April  9  to  27 

Aisne.  May  27  to  June  5 

Noyon-Montdidier,   June  9   to  15. 
Cham-paerne-Marne.  July  15  to  18. 
Allied  offensives.  July  18  to 
Nov.    11— 

Aisne-Marne.  July  18  to  Aufir.  6.. 
Somme.  Auer.   8   t 
Oise-Aisne.   Aug 
Ypres-Lys,  Aug. 
St.  Mihiel.   Sept.   12   to  16. ...... . 

Meuse-Argonne.  Sept.  20-Nov.  11..1, 
Italian  front— Campaign  of  1918: 
Vlttorio-Veneto.  Oct.  24  to  Nov.  4.         1.200 
The  first   major  operation  in   which   Ameri- 
can   troops    were    engaged    was    the    Cambrai 
battle   at   the  end   of   the   campaign   of    19-17. 
Scattering    medical     and    engineering    detach- 
ments  serving   with   the  British   were   present 
in  the  action,   but   sustained  no  serious  casu- 

German  Offensives. 

The  campaign  of  1918  opened  with  the 
Germans  in  possession  of  the  offensive.  In  a 
series  of  five  drives  of  unpiecedented  violence 
the  imperial  great  staff  sought  to  break  the 
allied  line  and  end  the  war.  These  five  drive* 
took  place  in  five  successive  months  so  as  to 
take  advantage  of  the  light  of  the  moon  for 
that  month.  The  first  drive  opened  on  March 
21  on  a  fifty  mile  front  across  the  old  battle 
field  of  the  Somme.  In  seventeen  days  of 
fighting  the  Germans  advanced  their  lines 
beyond  Npyon  and  Montdidier  and  were  within 
twelve  miles  of  the  important  railroad  center 
of  Amiens  with  its  great  stores  of  British 
supplies.  In  this  battle,  also  known  as  the 
Picardy  offensive,  approximately  2.200  Amer- 
ican troops,  serving  with  the  British  and 
French,  were  engaged. 

The  attack  upon  Amiens  had  been  but  par- 
tially checked  when  the  enemy  struck  again 
to  the  north  in  the  Armentieres  sector  and  ad- 
vanced for  seventeen  miles  up  the  valley  ol 
the  Lys.  A  small  number  of  Americana, 
serving  with  the  British,  participated  in  the 
Lys  defensive. 

For  their  next  attack  (May  27)  the  Ger- 
mans selected  the  French  front  along  the 
Cnemin  des  Dames  north  of  the  Aisne.  The 
line  from  Reims  to  a  little  east  of  Noyon 
was  forced  back.  Soissons-  fell  and  on  May 
31  the  Germans  reached  the  Marne  valley, 
down  which  they  were  advancing  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Paris.  At  this  critical  moment  our  2d 
division,  together  with  elements  of  the  3d  and 
28th  divisions,  was  thrown  into  the  line.  By 
blocking  the  advance  at  Chateau  Thierry  they 
rendered  great  assistance  in  stopping-  perhaps 
the  most  dangerous  of  the  German  drives. 
The  2d  division  not  only  halted  the  enemy 
on  its  front,  but  also  recaptured  from  him 
the  strong  tactical  positions  of  Bouresches. 
Belleau  wood  and  Vaux. 

The  enemy  had  by  his  offensives  established 
two  salients  threatening  Paris.  He  now 
sought  to  convert  them  into  one  by  a  fourth 


516 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


terrific  blow  delivered  on  a  front  of  twenty- 
two  miles  between  Montdidier  and  Noyon.  The 
re-eniorced  French  army  resisted  firmly  and 
the  attack  was  halted  after  an  initial  advance 
of  about  six  miles.  Throughout  this  opera- 
tion (June  9-15)  the  extreme  left  line  ol  the 
salient  was  defended  by  our  let  division.  Even 
before  the  drive  beg-an  the  division  had  dem- 
onstrated the  fig-hting  qualities  of  our  troops 
by  capturing-  and  holding1  the  town  of  Cantigny 
(May  28). 
There  followed  a  month  of  comparative 

?uiet  during1  which  the  enemy  reassembled  his 
orces    for   the   fifth    onslaught.      On   July    IB 


The  moment  chosen  by  Marshal  Foch  lor 
launching"  tne  first  counteroffensive  was  July 
18,  when  it  was  clear  that  the  German  Cham- 
pagne-Marne  drive  had  spent  its  force.  The 
place  chosen  was  the  uncovered  west  flank 
of  the  German  salient  from  the  Aisne  to  the 
Marne.  The  1st.  2d.  3d.  4th.  26th.  28th. 
32d  and  42d  American  divisions,  together  with 
selected  French  troops,  were  employed.  When 
the  operation  was  completed  (Aug.  6)  the 
salient  had  been  flattened  out  and  the  allied 
line  ran  from  Soissons  to  Reims  along-  the 
Vesle. 

Two    days    later    the    British    struck   at    the 


AISNE-  MARNE 

JULY    M-AUC  £ 

»VtMOnS    IM6AGCD        l-Z-Z-4   U-J8-3J 
42 

o 

PARIS 


-S9-32-33-35-3r-42-rr-78-79-aO 
62-89-90-91  (6  II  RESERVE) 

5TMIHIEL    sot 

OfViStOtti  CMGACCO  1-2-4-5-2 
^RESERVE    3-33-35-78-60-91) 


AMERICAN   PARTICIPATION   IN   THE   ALLIED    OFFENSIVES   OF   1918. 


h<9  attacked  simultaneously  on  both  sides  of 
Reims,  the  eastern  corner  of  the  salient  he 
had  created  by  the  Aisne  drive.  To  the  east 
of  the  city  he  gained  little.  On  the  west  he 
crossed  the  Marne,  but  made  slight  progress. 
His  path  was  everywhere  blocked.  In  this 
battle  85.000  American  troops  were\  engaged 
—the  42d  division  to  the  extreme  east  in  the 
Champagne  and  the  3d  and  28th  to  the  west 
near  Chateau  Thierry. 

Allied  Offensivet. 

The  turning1  point  of  the  war  had  come. 
The  great  German  offensives  had  been  stopped. 
The  initiative  now  passed  from  Ludendorff  to 
Marshal  Foch  and  a  series  of  allied  offensives 
began,  destined  to  roll  back  the  German 
armies  beyond  the  French  frontier.  In  this 
continuous  allied  offensive  there  may  be  dis- 
tinguished six  phases  or  major  operations  in 
which  the  American  expeditionary  forces  took 
part. 


Spmme  salient,  initiating  an  offensive  which, 
with  occasional  breathing  spells,  lasted  to  the 
date  of  the  armistice.  American  participation 
in  this  operation  was  intermittent.  From 
Aug.  8  to  20  elements  of  the  33d  division, 
which  had  been  brigaded  for  training-  with  the 
Australians,  were  in  the  line  and  took  part 
in  the  capture  of  Chipilly  ridgre.  Later  the 
27th  and  30th  divisions,  who  served  through- 
out with  the  British,  were  broug-ht  over  frpm 
the  Ypres  sector  and  used  in  company  with 
Australian  troopa  to  break  the  Hindenburg  line 
at  the  tunnel  of  the  St.  Quentin  canal  (Sept. 
20-Oct.  20). 

In  the  meantime  simultaneous  assaults  were 
In  progress  at  other  points  on  the  front.  On 
Aug.  18  Gen.  Mangin  begran  the  Oise-Aisne 
Phase  of  the  great  allied  offensive.  Starting- 
from  the  Soissons-Reims  line,  along-  which 
they  had  come  to  rest  Aug.  6.  the  French 
armies  advanced  by  successive  stages  to  the 
Aisne.  to  Laon.  and  on,  Nor.  11  were  close 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAK-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


617 


to  the  frontier.  In  the  first  stagres  of  this 
advance  they  were  assisted  by  the  28th.  32d 
«*nd  77th  American  divisions,  but  by  Sept.  15 
all  of  these  were  withdrawn  for  the  coming- 
Meuse-Arg-onne  offensive  Ql  the  American 
army. 

The  day  after  the  opening:  of  the  Oise-Aisne 
offensive  the  British  launched  the  first  of  a 
series  of  attacks  in  the  Ypres  sector,  which 
continued  with  some  interruptions  to  the  time 
of  the  armistice  and  may  be  termed  the 
"Ypres-Lys  offensive.'1  Four  American  divi- 
sions at  different  times  participated  in  this 
operation.  The  27th  and  30th  were  engraged 
in  the  recapture  of  Mount  Kemmel  Augr.  o5l 
to  Sept.  2.  The  37th  and  91st  were  with- 


Battle  of  St.  Mihiel. 

The  first  distinctly  American  offensive  was 
the  i  eduction  of  the  St.  Mihiel  salient  carried 
through  from  Sept.  12  to  Sept.  15.  larsrely  by 
American  troops  and  wholly  under  the  oidera 
of  the  American  commander  in  chief.  The 
American  divisions  were  aided  by  French  colo- 
nial troops  and  also  by  French  and  British 
air  sauadrons. 

Tho  attack  beeran  at  5  a.  m.,  after  four 
hours  of  artillery  preparation  of  srreat  sever- 
ity, and  met  with  immediate  success.  Before 
noon  about  half  the  distance  between  the  t  ases 
of  the  salient  had  been  covered  and  the  next 
moraine:  the  troops  of  the  1st  and  26th  divi- 


DiTl- 

sion 


let 

26th 
42nd 

2nd 
77th 

5th 
62nd 
35th 
32nd 

3rd 
89th 
29th 
26th 
90th 
37th 
33rd 
27th 
30th 
92nd 
79th 

4th 

6th 
78th 

7th 

eist 

91st 
68th 
36th 
80th 


Total 


127 

148 

125 

71 

47 

71 

70 

92 

60 

0 

55 

59 

31 

42 

50 

32 

0 

0 

51 

28 

7 

40 

17 

31 

31 

15 

28 

0 

1 


1,329 


Act! 


905 


Active 


DAYS.  SPENT  BY  EACH  DIVISION  IN 
QUIET  AND  ACTIVE  SECTORS. 

drawn    from    the    Meuse-Arg-onne    battle    and 
dispatched  to   Belgium,    where   they  took   part 


in   tne   i 
(Oct.  31 

With    t 


•here 
>  YP 


the   last   stag-es   of    the  Ypres-Lya  offensive 
~1   to  Nov.   11). 
the  org-anization   of   the  American   1st 


army    on    Aug".    10, 
mand     of    Gen.   Pe 


.  under  the  personal  com- 
rshing-.  the  history  of  the 
American  expeditionary  forces  entered  upon  a 
new  stagre.  The  St.  Mihiel  (Sept.  12-16)  and 
Meuse-Arg-onne  (Sept.  26-Nov.  11)  offensives 
were  major  operations  planned  and  executed 
by  American  g-enerals  and  American  troops. 
In  addition  to  the  twelve  operations  ab 
mentioned.  American  troops  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Vittorio-Veneto  (Oct.  24  to  Nov. 
4).  which  ended  in  the  rout  of  the  Austrian 
army. 


ove 


.  met  at  Vismeulles.  cuttinsr  off  the  salient 
in   twenty-four  hours   from   the  besMmin* 
ol   the  movement.     Two  comparisons  between 
this    operation    and    the  battle    of    Gettysburg 
emphasize     the    magnitude      of      the     action, 
bout  550.000  Americans  were  engaged  at  St. 
lihiel:    the  union  forces   at  Gettysburg-  num- 
bered   approximately    1QO.OOO.     St    Mihiel  set 
a  record  for  concentration  of  artillery  fire  by 
a   four   hour   artillery  preparation,    consuming 
more    than    1.000.000    rounds   of    ammunition. 
In    three    days    at    Gettysburg1   union    artillery 
fired  33.000  rounds. 

The  St.  Mihiel  offensive  cost  only  about 
7.000  casualties,  or  less  than  one-third  the 
union  losses  at  Gettysburg-.  There  were  cap- 
tured 16.000  prisoners  and  443  gnns.  A 
dangerous  enemy  salient  was  reduced,  and 
American  commanders  and  troops  demonstrated 
their  ability  to  plan  and  execute  a  biff  Amer- 
ican operation. 

Battle  of  the  Meuse-Argonne. 
The   object   of   the  Meuse-Anronne   offensi 
aad   Gen.  Pershine  in  his   report   of   Nov 
«roa  "to  draw  the  best  German  divi 
"     This 


said 
1918 


to  our  front  and  to  consume  them 


nsive, 
.   20. 

ivision* 


____ 

tence  expresses  better  than  any  long-  description 
not  only  the  object  but  also  the  outcome  of  the 
battle.  Every  available  American  division  was 
thrown  ae-ainst  the  enemy.  Every  available 
German  division  was  thrown  in  to  meet  them. 
At  the  end  of  forty-seven  days  of  continuous 
battle  our  divisions  had  consumed  the  German 
divisions. 

The  g-oal  of  the  American  attack  was  the 
S«dan-Mezieres  railroad,  the  main  line  of  sup- 
ply for  the  German  forces  on  the  major  part 
«rf  the  western  front.  If  this  line  were  cut  a 
retirement  on  the  whole  front  would  be 
forced.  This  retirement  would  include,  more- 
over. evacuation  of  the  Briey  iron  field*. 


518 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


which  the  Germans  had  been  using  to  great 
advantage  to  supplement  their  iron  supply. 
The  defense  of  the  positions  threatened  was 
therefore  of  such  importance  as  to  \yarrant 
the  most  desperate  measures  for  resistance. 
When  the  engagement  was  evidently  impending 
the  commander  of  the  German  5th  army  sent 
word  TO  his  forces,  calling  9n  them  for  un- 
yielding resistance  and  pointing  out  that  de- 
feat in  this  engagement  might  mean  disaster 
for  the  fatherland. 

On  the  first  day,  the  26th  of  September,  and 
the  next  day  or  two  after  that,  the  lines  were 

Xltri*.    mo- 
tion    meters 


skirts  of  Sedan  ami  cut  the  Sedan-Mezierea 
railroad,  making  the  German  line  untenable 

In  the  meantime  (Oct.  2  to  2b)  our  2d  and 
36th  divisions  had  been  sent  west  to  assist 
the  French  who  were  advancing  in  Champagne 
beside  our  drive  in  the  Argonne.  The  liaison 
detachment  between  the  two  armies  was  for 
a  time  furnished  by  the  92d  division. 

In  some  ways  the  Meuse-Argonne  offers  an 
interesting  resemblance  to  the  Battle  of  the 
Wilderness,  fought  from  May  5  to  12.  1864. 
in  the  civil  war.  Both  were  fought  over  a 
terrain  covered  with  tangled  woods  and  under- 


Per 
cent 


9.14 


The  Wilderness  was  regarded  as  a  long 


Total 


KILOMETERS  ADVANCED  BY  EACH  DIVI- 
SION AGAINST  THE  ENEMY.  ONE  KILO- 
METER EQUALS  62  MILES. 

considerably  advanced.  Then  the  resistance 
became  more  stubborn.  Each  side  threw  in 
more  and  more  of  its  man  power  until  there 
were  no  more  reserves.  Many  German  divi- 
sions went  into  action  twice,  and  not  a  few 
three  times,  until  through  losses,  they  were 
far  under  strength.  All  through  the  month 
of  October  the  attrition  went  on.  Foot  by 
loot  American  troops  pushed  back  the  best 
of  the  German  divisions.  On  Nov.  1  the 
last  stage  of  the  offensive  began.  The  enemy 
power  began  to  break.  American  troops  forced 
their  way  to  the  east  bank  of  the  Meuse. 
Toward  the  north  they  made  even  more  rapid 
progress,  and  in  seven  days  reached  the  out- 


battle,  marked  by  slow  progress  against  obsti- 
nate resistance,  with  very  heavy  casualties. 
Here  the  similarity  ends.  The  Meuse-Argonn« 
,  lasted  six  times  as  long  as  the  Battle  of  the 
Wilderness.  Twelve  times  as  many  American 
troops  were  engaged  as  were  on  the  Union 
side.  They  used  in  the  action  ten  times  a» 
many  guns  and  about  100  times  as  many 
rounds  of  artillery  ammunition.  The  actual 
weight  of  the  ammunition  fired  was  greater 
than  that  used  by  the  union  forces  during 
the  entire  civil  war.  Casualties  were  perhaps 
four  times  as  heavy  as  among  the  northern 
troops  in  the  Battle  of  the  Wilderness. 

The  battle  of  the  Meuse-Argonne  was.  be- 
yond compare,  the  greatest  ever  fought  by 
American  troops,  and  there  have  been  few.  if 
any.  greater  battles  in  the  history  of  the 
world.  Some  of  the  more  important  statistical 
of  the  combat  are  presented  in  the  following 
table: 

Days   of  battle   47 

American  troops  engaged  1.200.000 

Guns    employed    in    attack    2.417 

Rounds    artillery    ammunition   used.  .4.214.000 

Airplanes  used  

Tons  explosives  dropped  on  enemy... 

Tanks    used    

Miles    advanced,    maximum    ..... 
Square  kilometers  of  land  taken. 
Villages    and    towns    liberated    . 
Prisoners  captured    . . , 
Artillery  pieces  captur 

Machine    gune    capture-    -.- 

Trench   mortars  captured   „ 

American  casualties 120.000 

Summary. 

1.  Two  out  of  every  three  American  soldiers 
who  reached  France  took  part  in  battle.  The 
number  who  reached  France  was  2.084.000, 
and  of  these  1.390.000  saw  active  service  at 
the  front. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


519 


2.  Of    the    forty-two    divisions    that    reached 
Prance  twenty-nine   took   part    in    active  com- 
bat service.     Seven  of  them  were  regular  army 
divisions,   eleven  were  organized  from  the  na- 
tional iruaid  and  eleven  were  made  up  of  na- 
tional  a^my    troops. 

3.  American    divisions    were    in    battle    200 
days  and  engaged  in,  thirteen  major  operations. 

4.  From  the  middle  of  August  unhl  the  end 
of  the   war  the  American  divisions  held   dur- 


7.  In  the  battle  of  St.  Mihiel  550.000  Amer 
icang  were  engaged  and  the  artillery  fired  more 
than  1,000.000  shells  in  four  hours,  which  is 
the  most  intense  concentration  of  artillery  fire 
recorded  in  history. 

8.  The  Meuse-Argonne  battle  lasted  for  for- 
ty-seven days,  during1  which  1,200,000  Ameri- 
can troops  were  engaged. 

9.  The    American    losses    of    the    war    were 
49.000    killed   and   230.000   wounded. 


Per  oent, 
19.07. 


6?,079 


GERMAN  PRISONERS   CAPTURED  BY 
EACH  DIVISION. 

lnjr  the  greater  part  of  the  time  a  front  longer 
that 


than 
5.  In 


held  by  the  British. 
October   the   American   divisions   held 


101   miles  of   line,   or  23  per  cent  of  the  en 
tire 


, 
western  front. 


6.  On  April  1  the  Germans  had  a  superior- 
y of  324.000  in  rifle  strength.     Due  to  Amer- 
n arrivals  the  allied  strength  exceeded  that 
the  Germans  in  June   and  was  more  than 


.000  above  it  in  November. 


Casualties  and  Health. 

Of  every  100  American  soldiers  and  sailors 
who  took  part  in  the  war  with  Germany  two 
were  killed  or  died  of  disease  during  tha 
period  of  hostilities.  In  the  northern  army 
during1  the  civil  war  the  number  was  about 
ten.  Among  the  other  great  nations  in  this 
war.  between  twenty  and  twenty-five  in  each 
100  called  to  the  colors  were  killed  or  died. 
To  carry  the  comparison  still  further.  Amer- 
ican losses  in  this  war  were  relatively  one- 
fifth  as  large  as  during  the  civil  war  and 
less  than  one-tenth  as  large  as  in  the  ranks 
of  the  enemy  or  among-  the  nations  associated 
with  us. 

The  war  was  undoubtedly  the  bloodiest 
which  has  ever  been  fought.  One  possible 
competitor  might  be  the  Crimean  war.  in 
which  the  casualty  rate  per  100  men  was 
equally  heavy.  The  British  forces  in  the 
Crimean  war  lost  twenty-two  of  every  100 
men.  the  French  thirty-one,  the  Turkish  twen- 
ty-seven and  the  Russian  forty-three.  More 
than  four-fifths  of  the  losses  were,  however, 
deaths  from  disease,  while  in  the  recent  war 
with  Germany  disease  deaths  were  inconsid- 
erable as  compared  with  battle  deaths.  The 
forces  engaged  in  the  Crimean  war  were, 
moreover,  much  smaller. 

Battle  Deaths  in   World  War,  1914-1918. 
Russia    1.700000 

•: i-goc 

Great    Britain".'.'."!                                  '.  '900000 

Austria    .  800000 

"taly    33( 

'   rkey    25( 

erbia   and  Montenegro   l25.uuu 

elgium    102.000 

Roumania     100. 000 

Bulgaria    100.000 

United  States   ;-, 48.900 

Portugal' ' .'.*.* .*.'.'  * !  *. ". '. '. .' .'.'.'.'.'.' .'  .*  .'.*. '..'!!  2!000 
Total  .7.450.200 

The  total  battle  deaths  in  the  recent  war 
were  greater  than  all  the  deaths  in  all  the 
wars  for  more  than  100  years  previous. 
From  1793  to  1914  the  total  deaths  in  war 
may  be  safely  estimated  at  something  under 
6.000.000.  Battle  deaths  alone  from  1914  to 
1918  totaled  about  7.450.000. 

Russia  had  the  heaviest  losses,  in  spito  of 
the  fact  that  she  withdrew  from  the  war  after 
the  fall  of  1917.  American  losses  were  third 
from  the  bottom  of  the  list.  German  losses 
were  thirty-two  times  as  great  as  the  losses 
of  the  United  States,  the  French,  twenty -eight 
and  the  British  eighteen  times  as  large. 

That  American  battle  losses  were  not  more 
severe  was>  due  to  the  fact  that  our  armies 
were  in  the  heavy  fighting  for  only  200  days. 


Germany 
France 


520 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


The  heaviest  losses  were  in  the  Meuse-Argonne 
drive  from  the  last  week  of  September  until 
Nov.  11.  The  weekly  deaths  during-  a  part  of 
that  period  were  around  the  6.000  mark. 

Battle  Deaths  by  Services. 
The  chances  of  death  are   much  heavier  in 
the  infantry  than  in  any  other  branch  of  the 


wounds  was  only  6  per  cent  as  large  as  the 
number  who  were  wounded.  The  hospital  rec- 
ords show  that  about  85  per  cent  of  the  men 
sent  to  hospitals  on  account  of  injuries  re- 
turned to  duty.  About  half  the  wounded  were 


reported 
them  wo; 


slightly    wounded    and    many    of 
not  have  been  recorded  aa  casual- 


DiTi- 

eion 


1st 
3rd 

28th' 
42nd 
26th 

4th 
82nd 
77th 
27th 
50th 

6th 
33rd 
69th 
62nd 
78th 
90th 
35th 
79th 
60th 
91st 
29th 
37th 
36th 
'  7th 
92nd 
61st 

6th 
88th 


Total 
Other  units 


Grand  total 


Battle 
deaths 


4,419 

4,204 

3,102 

2,531 

2,713 

2,168 

2,587 

2,898 

,990 

.791 

,652 

,308 

,002 

,419 

1,333 

1,359 

1,387 

960 

1,396 

'1.141 

1,390 

940 

992 

691 

302 

185 

250 

.97 

27 


46,739 
2,170 


48,909 


Total  casualties 


20,657 

19,141 

15,052 

13,746 

13,292 

13,000 

11,596 

10,986 

9,966 

9,427 

9,429 

7,975 

8,251 

7,394 

6,890 

6,800 

6,623 

6,894 

6,194 

6,622 

6,106 

6,219 

4,931 

2,119 

1,516 

1,495 

801 

479 

63 


230,664 
6,471 


237,135 


Killed 


Wounded 


18,154 
16,277 
16,005 
15,168 
14,183 
13,884 
11,956 
11,218 
11,081 
9,883 
9,253 
8,813 
8,228 
6,159 
8,010 
7,854 
7,590 
6,763 
6,496 
6,159 
5,923 


125,076 
23,345 


0  576 
90 


[The  above  figures  showing-  American  casual- 
ties in  the  war  were  compiled  about  June  1, 
1919.  Later  figures  making-  some  slight 
changes  and  also  giving*  additional  details  will 
be  found  on  another  pace.] 


CASUALTIES    SUFFERED    BY    EACH   AMERICAN    DIVISION. 


.        The  following  table  shows  tfce  num- 
ber of  battle  deaths  in  each  1.000  men  in  the 


ber  of         --------  ________ 

various  services  who  reached  F 


Service. 
Infantry 


'ranee: 

Officers.     Men. 
,...55  46 

Air 31  1 

Tank  corps 16  7 

Engineer  corps  10  6 

Artillery     8  6 

Cavalry   6  8 

Signal   corps   5  8 

Medical    department     4  6 

Ordnance    2  3 

Quartermaster 1  1 

Wounded,  Prisoners  and  Missing. 
For  every  man  who  was  killed  in  battle, 
•even  others  were  wounded,  taken  prisoner  or 
reported  missing.  The  total  battle  casualties 
in  the  expeditionary  forces  are  shown  in  the 
table  appended.  The  number  who  died  of 


ties  in  previous  wars.  Except  for  297  who 
died  all  the  prisoners  shown  in  the  table  re- 
turned. 

Killed  in  action...  ..  34.180 
Died  of  wounds 14.729 


Total  dead 48.909 

Wounded   severely 80.130 

Wounded  slightly 110.544 

Wounded,  degree  undetermined 39.400 

Total   wounded 2J 

Missing  in   action 

Taken  prisoner 

Grand  total 286.330 

The  number  of  men  reported  as  mL 
been  steadily  reduced  from  a  total  ol 
exclusive    of    prisoners,    to    the    figure    2.913 
shown  in  the  table.     This  reduction  has  srona 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


621 


on  without  clearing:  any  case  as  dead,  except 
on  evidence  establishing  beyond  doubt  the  fact 
of  death.  Only  22  per  cent  of  those  who  were 
originally  reported  as  missing-  in  action  have 
now  been  returned  as  dead.  The  largest  num- 
ber have  been  found  in  hospitals,  while  a  con- 
siderable number  have  returned  to  duty  after 
being1  lost  from  their  units 

The  work  of  the  central  records  office  of  the 
American  expeditionary  forces  in  clearing-  UP 
the  cases  of  men  listed  as  missing  has  been 
more  successful  than  that  done  in  any  of  the 
other  armies  or  in  any  previous  great  war. 
When  the  records  are  finally  completed  there 
will  be  very  few  American  soldiers  unac- 


1700 


ItOO 


ease.  If  the  comparison  between  disease  and 
battle  losses  is  limited  to  the  expeditionary 
forces,  battle  losses  appear  more  than  twice  as 
large  as  deaths  from  disease. 

This  is  the  first  war  in  which  the  United 
States  has  been  eng-aged  that  showed  a  lower 
death  rate  from  disease  than  from  battle. 
In  previous  wars  insctnitary  conditions  at 
camps  and  the  ravages  of  epidemic  diseases 
have  resulted  in  disease  deaths  far  in  excess 
of  the  number  killed  on  the  battle  field. 
Since  the  time  of  the  Mexican  war  a  steady 
improvement  has  been  made  in  the  health  of 
troops  in  war  operations.  The  death  rate 
from  disease  in  the  Mexican  war  was  110  per 
year  in  each  1.000  men:  in  the  civil  war  this 
was  reduced  to  65:  and  in  the  Spanish  war 
to  26;  while  the  rate  in  the  expeditionary 
forces  in  this  war  was  19.  The  battle  rate  of 
53  for  the  overseas  forces  is  higher  than  in 
any  previous  war.  It  is  higher  than  in  the 
civil  war  because  all  of  the  fighting  was  con- 
centrated in  one  year,  while  in  the  civil  war 
it  stretched  over  four  years.  The  rates  in  this 
war  for  the  total  forces  under  arms  both  in 
the  United  States  and  France  from  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war  to  May  1.  1919,  were  13  lor 
battle  and  15  for  disease. 

Control  of  Disease. 

Outstanding  causes  of  the  low  disease  deatk 
rate  in  the  war  against  Germany  were:  (1) 
A  highly  trained  medical  personnel.  (2)  com- 
pulso'-y  vaccination  of  the  entire  army  against 
typhoid  fever.  (3)  thorough  camp  sanitation 
and  control  of  hospital  facilities.  There  were 
at  the  beginning  of  the  war  2.089  commi*- 
sioned  medical  officers,  including  the  reserve* 
During  the  year  31.251  physicians  from  aril 


IBS 


TOTAL  BATTLE  DEATHS  OF  ARMIES  IN  THE  EUROPEAN  WAR    (7,582,000).    FIGURES 
FOR  DEATHS  BY  COUNTRIES   IN  THOUSANDS. 


counted  for.  The  missing  lists  of  the  other 
nations  still  run  into  the  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands. 

Battle  and  Disease  Losses. 
The  total  number  of  lives  lost  in  both  the 
army  and  navy  from  the  declaration  of  war  to 
May  1.  1919.  was  122.500.  Deaths  in  the  army, 
including  marines  attached  to  it.  were  112.- 
422.  About  two-thirds  of  these  deaths  oc- 
curred overseas.  Of  the  112.422  deaths  43 
per  cent,  or  48.909.  were  battle  deaths:  51  pe- 
cent,  or  56,991.  were  deaths  from  disease,  and 
6  per  cent,  or  6.522.  were  from  accident,  etc. 
There  were  768  lost  at  sea.  of  which  381  are 
included,  in  the  battle  deaths,  since  their  loss 
was  the  direct  result  of  submarine  activity. 
Almost  exactly  half  the  losses  were  from  dis- 


life  were  commissioned  in  the  medical  corps. 

Intestinal  diseases  such  as  dysentery,  the 
typhoids,  bubonic  plague,  cholera  and  typhus 
have  ravaged  and  even  obliterated  armies  ' 
the  past.  In  the  war  with  Spain  typhc 
fever  alone  caused  85  per  cent  of  the  tot 
deaths.  In  the  war  with  Germany  these 
diseases  were  practically  eliminated  as  causes 
of  deaths.  During  the  entire  war  up  to  May 
1.  1919.  a  total  of  only  2  328  cases  of  typhoid 
fever  were  reported  and  only  227  deaths  from 
this  cause. 

Pneumonia  was  the  greatest  cause  of  death 
m  disease.  More  than  40.000  died  of  the 
isease.  Of  these  probably  25.000  resulted 
from  the  influenza-pneumonia  pandemic  which 
swept  through  every  camp  and  cantonmeni 
in  this  country  and  caused  thousands  of 


fro 
dise 


522 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


deaths  in  the  expeditionary  forces.  Up  to 
Sept.  14.  1918.  oaly  9.8iO  deaths  from  dis- 
ease had  occurred  in  the  army  and  the  death 
rate  for  the  period  of  the  war  up  to  that 
time  was  only  5  per  year  for  each  1.000  men. 
During  the  eight  weeks  from  Sept.  14  to  the 
8th  of  November  316.089  cases  of  influenza 
and  53,449  cases  of  pneumonia  were  reported 
among  troops  in  this  country.  The  disease 
reached  its  high  point  the  second  week  in 
October,  when  four  out  of  each  1.000  troops 
under  arms  in  this  country  died.  The  rate 
subsided  at  the  end  of  October,  but  during 
ing  months  remained  somewhat 
Jin  it  had  been  previous  to  the  epi- 
[easlee  was  prevalent  during  the  first 
war  and  was  particularly  danger- 
predecessor  of  pneumonia.  After 
vigorous  efforts  to  control  it.  the  number  of 
cases  was  greatly  reduced.  Meningitis  caused 
nearly  2.000  deaths,  ranking  next  to  pneu- 
monia. Both  of  these  contagious  diseases 
were  largely  the  result  of  bringing  numbers  of 
men  together  in  the  confinement  of  camps 
and  cantonments  where  the  control  of  conta- 
gion is  difficult. 

Hospitalization. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  what  was  then 
considered  an  extravagant  program  of  hospital 

fstruction  was  entered  upon,  with  the  in- 
t  that  in  no  case  should  the  army  lack  fa- 
ties  for  the  care  of  the  sick.  The  1  ollow- 
table  summarizes  the  hospital  construction 
in  the  United  States: 

No.  Beds. 

,1s    .  62  88,468 

•8   .,                   ..39  29,383 

»OBt    hospitals"  48  6.056 


Totals   .,  149 


123.899 


The  figures  aro  exclusive  of  very  numerous 
mall  hospitals  alrerdy 
dition   more  than   200  hospitals  were  put  in 


hospitals  alrerdy  in  army  use.     In  ad- 


operation    overseas.      On   Dec.    1.    1918.    then 
were  available  in  army  hospitals  399,510  beds 
in   the  army      Of 
9   and  112.220   In 


OP  1  bed  for  every  9  men 

these  287.290   were  overseas    _ 

this  country.  The  hospital  capacity  was  ex- 
ceeded in  this  country  only  during  the  influ- 
enza epide.mic.  when  it  became  necessary;  to 

n  oetter.     natcept  dur- 
two   weeks1  in   October,   at   the  height  of 


take  over  barracks  for  hospital  purposes.    The 
overseas  record  was  even  better.     Ex< 
ing-  two   weeks*  in   October,   at   tl 

the  attack  on  the  Hindenbursr  lin_. 

ber  of  patients  did  not  exceed  the  normal  bed 


capacity    of    the    hospitals   _ 
there     were     approximately 


emergency  beds. 
Over  130.000 


at    that    tim-. 
30.000     unused 

patients  have  been  evacuated 

from  the  expeditionary  forces  to  hospitals  in 
this  country.     They  have  been  distributed  to 
hospitals  in  this  country  in  accordance  with 
twofold  plan  permitting1  the  specialization  o 
hospitals   for  the   most  efficient   treatment   o_ 
the   various   kinds   of    cases    and   placing-   the 
convalescents  near  their  homes. 

Summary. 

1.  Of  every  100  American  soldiers  and  sail- 
ors who  served  in  tiie  war  with  Germany  two 
were  killed  or  died  of  disease  during  the  period 
of  hostilities. 

2.  The  total  battle  deaths  of  all  nations  in 
this  war  were  greater  than  all  the  deaths  In 
all  the  wars  in  the  previous  100  years. 

3.  Russian  battle   deaths  were   34   times   as 
heavy  as  those  of  the  United  States,  those  of 
Germany    32    times   as   great,    the   French   28 
times  and  the  British  18  times  as  large. 

4.  The  number  of   American  lives   lost  was 
122.500.   of   which  about  10.000  were  in  the 
navy   and   the  rest  in  the  army  and  the  ma- 
rines attached  to  it. 

6.  In  the  American  army  the  casualty  rate 
in  the  infantry  was  higher  than  in  any  other 
•ervice  and  that  for  officers  was  higher  than 
lor  men. 

6.  For  every  man  killed  in  battle  seven  were 

ve  out  of  every  six  men  sent  to  hos- 


rounded. 


war  actually  involved.  ,_ 

In   addition   to   this  huge 
were   advanced   to   the   all 


pitals  on  account  of  wounds  were  cured  and 
returned  to  duty. 

8.  In    the  expeditionary    forces  battle   losses 
were  twice  as  large  as  deaths  irom  disease. 

9.  In   this   war   the  death   rate  from  disease 
was  lower  and  the  death  rate  from  battle  was 
higher   than  in   any   other  previous  American 

10*.  Inoculation,  clean  camps  and  safe  drink- 
ing water  practically  eliminated  typhoid  fever 
among  our  troops  in  this  war. 

11.  Pneumonia     killed     more     soldiers     than 
were  killed  in  battle.     Meningitis  was  the  next 
most  serious  disease. 

12.  Of    each    100    cases   of   venereal  disease 
recorded   in   the   United    States.    96   were   con- 
tracted before  entering  the  army  and  only  4 

1  13.  During  the  entire  war  available  hospital 
facilities  in  the  American  expeditionary  forces 
were  in  excess  of  the  needs. 

WAR  EXPENDITURES. 

For  a  period  of  twenty-five  months,  from 
April.  1917.  through  April.  1919.  the  war  cost 
the  United  States  considerably  more  than 
81.000.000  an  hour.  Treasury  disbursements 
during  the  period  reached  a  total  of  $23.j>GO.- 
000000.  of  which  $1.650.000.000  may  be 
charged  to  the  normal  expenses  which  would 
have  occurred  in  time  of  peace.  The  balance 
may  be  counted  as  the  direct  money  cost  of 
the  war  to  the  end  of  April.  1919.  a  sum  of 
$21  850.000.000.  The  figure  is  twentv  times 
the  prewar  national  debt.  It  is  nearly  large 
enough  to  pay  the  entire  cost  of  our  govern- 
ment  from  1791  UP  to  the  outbreak  of  the 
European  war.  Our  expenditure  in  this  war 
waa  sufficient  to  have  carried  on  the  revolu- 
tionary war  continuously  for  more  than  1.000 
years  at  the  rate.  of_  expenditure  which  that 

e  expenditure  loans 
lies  at  the  rate  of 

nearly  half  a  million  dollars  an  hour.  Con- 
gress authorized  lor  this  purpose  $10.000.000.- 
000.  and  there  was  actually  paid  to  various 
governments  the  sum  of  $8.850.000.000. 

Of  the  United  States  erovernment  war  costs, 
the  army  was  responsible  for  the  expenditure 
of  64  per  cent,  or  just  short  of  two-thirds  of 
the  entire  amount.  Through  April  30.  1919. 
there  had  been  withdrawn  from  the  treasury 
on  the  army  account  $14.244.061.000.  If 
there  is  deducted  from  this  figure  what  would 
bo  the  normal  expenditure  for  a  peace  time 
army  for  a  similar  period  there  remains  a 
total  of  $13.930.000.000  directly  chargeable  to 
the  war. 

The  rate  of  expenditure  for  the  army  and 
for  the  entire  government  increased  rapidly  as 
the  war  progressed.  During  the  first  »hree 
months  war  expenditures  were  at  the  rate  of 
5?2. 000.000  a  day.  During-  the  next  year 
they  averaged  more  'than  $22.000.000  a  day. 
For  the  final  ten  months  of  the  period  the 
daily  total  reached  the  enonnoxis  sum  of  over 
$44.000.000.  The  very  high  daily  average  in 
the  last  period,  most  of  which  is  in  the 
months  after  the  termination  of  hostilities,  ia 
surprising  until  we  consider  that  the  building- 
of  ship?  for  the  emergency  fleet  corporation, 
the  construction  and  operation  of  naval  ves- 
sels, the  food,  clothing,  pay  and  land  and 
ocean  transportation  of  the  army  have  had  to 
go  forward  at  about  the  same  rate  as  during- 
the  war.  The  srreat  flow  of  munitions  and 
supplies  for  the  army  and  navy  could  not.  out 
of  regard  for  the  industrial  balance  of  the 
country,  be  stopped  with  too  great  abruptness. 
A  considerable  number  of  war  time  activities 
and  purchases  had  still  to  be  paid  for  as  well. 
Army  Expenditures. 

The  following  table  shows  the  amounts  ex- 
pended by  each  important  army  bureau  to 
April  30.  1919: 

Bureau.  Amount.  Pet. 

Quartermaster  corps,  pay. $1.831, 273, 000  12.9 

Other  6.242.745.000  43.8 

Ordnance  department 4.087,347.000  28.7 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOH  FOE   1920. 


623 


Bureau.  Amount.  Pet. 

Air     service $859,291.000  6.0 

Engineer  corps   638.974,000  4,5 

Medical  department   314,544,000  2.2 

Sig-nal   corps    128  920  000  9 

Chemical  warfare    83,299,000  .6 

Provost  marshal   24,301.000  .2 

Secretary's   office    33,367,000  .2 


Totals  14.244.061,000  100.0 

The  total  of  our  army  expenditures  equals 
the  value  of  all  the  erold  produced  in  the 
whole  world  from  the  discovery  of  America 
up  to  the  beginning  of  the  European  war. 
The  single  item  of  pay  for  the  army  is  larger 
th".n  the  combined  salaries  of  all  the  public 


ammunition,     light    and    heavy    artillery    and 

|  ammunition    tanks    and    tractors,    of    these   we 

i  have   a   supply    more    than   sufficient   to  equip 

fully  an  army  of  a  million  men  and  maintain 

them  in  active  combat  for  six  months     These 

munitions   are   of   the  best   quality    and   latest 

design—  Springfield    and    Enfield    rifles.    Brown- 

ing1   machine   guns    and   automatic    rifles,    field 

guns    and    howitzers    of    tried    French   design. 


. 

Articlea  of  miscellaneous  equipment  are  avail- 
in like  quantity 

Liberty 
ely 


able 
Thousands    of 


e  quantity   and  quality. 

s  of  Liberty  motors  and  service 
Planes  are  immediately  available  for  any 
emerg-ency.  Engineer.  signal  and  medical 
equipment  is  on  hand  to  the  value  of  million! 
of  dollars. 

WAR  EXPENSES  OF  ALL  NATIONS. 

The  following1  table  gives  the  war  expendi- 
tures of  all  nations  ut»  to  May,  1919.  The 
fisrures  are  believed  to  be  substantially  relia- 
ble: 

Country.  Amount. 

Great  Britain  and  dominions.   $38.000.000.000 
France    ......................      26  000.000  000 

Knited   States  ................      22.00.0.000.000 
ussia   .......................      18.000,000,000 

Belsrium.  Rqumania.  Portugal. 
Jug-o  Slavia   ...............        5.000.000.000 

Italy    ........................      13.000.000.000 

Japan  and  Greece  .............        1.000.000.000 

Total  allies  and  U.  S...  .  ."^123.000,000,000 

Germany    ..................  ..      39.000,000.000 

Austria-Hungary    ____  ."  .......      21.000.000.000 

Turkey   and   Bulgaria  .........       3.000.000.000 


Total  central  empires 63 

Grand   total   ...186.0 


I 

,*£/ 


TOTAL   EXPENDITURES   OF    BELLIGERENTS   IN   THE   EUROPEAN   WAR.      FIGURES    A1 
THE  HEAD  OF  EACH  COLUMN  INDICATE  BILLIONS   OF  DOLLARS. 


school   principals   and  teachers   in   the   United 
States  for  the  five  years  from  1912  to  1916. 
Permanent  Assets. 

As  a  result  of  the  war  efforts  large  quanti- 
ties of  munitions,  supplies  and  equipment 
have  been  secured  which  will  be  of  value  for 
many  years  to  come.  The  army  now  owns 
some  of  the  finest  docks  in  the  world.  The 
sixteen  national  army  cantonments  and  three 
of  the  national  guard  camps  will  be  retained 
permanently  as  training-  camps.  A  number  of 
first  class  aviation  fields  and  depots  and  bal- 
loon schools  will  be  a  permanent  asset.  We 
have  stocks  of  most  articles  of  clothing1  suffi- 
cient to  last  our  army  for  a  number  of  years. 
There  is  a  large  supply  of  standardized  trucks. 

As    to    rifles    and    machine    guns    and    their 


It  is  noteworthy  that  the  United  States  spent 
about  one-eierhth  of  the  entire  cost  of  the  war 
and   something1   less    than    onf-fifth   of   the  ex- 
penditures on  the  allies    side. 
Summary. 

1.  The  war  cost  th«  United  States  consider- 
ably more  than  SI.  000.  000   an  hour  for  over 

tW2°  TherSdirect  cost  was  about  $22.000.000.- 
000.  or  nearly  enough  to  pay  the  entire  cost 
ot  running1  the  United  States  government  from 
1791  UP  to  the  outbreak  of  the  Euronean  war. 
3.  Our  expenditure  in  this  war  was  suffi- 


. 

cient  to  have  carried  on  the  revolutionary  war 

years  at  the 
war  actually 


continuously  for  more  than  1.000  years  at  the 
rate   of   expenditure  which   that 


involved. 


524 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Elflea 

Great  Britain 

France 
United  States 


1,963,514 
1,396,938 
2,505,910 


Machine  Guns  and  Automatic  Rifles 
Great  Britain  179,127 

France  223,317 


United  States 


181,662 


Elfle  and  Machine  Gtm  Arammition 
Great  Britain  3,428^195,000 
France  2,959,285,000 

United  States  2,879,148,000 


Smokeless  Powder 
Great  Britain- 
Franca 
United  State? 

High  Explosive 

Great  Britalz* 
France 
United  .States 


291,706,000 
342,155,000 
632,504,000 


765,110,000. 
702,964,000 
375,656.000 


PRODUCTION  OF  ARTICLES  OP  ORDNANCE  FROM   APRIL  6.   1917,   TO  NOV.   11.  1918. 

April.  1919.  the  daily  average  was  over  S44.- 
COO. 000. 

7.  Although  the  army  expenditures  are  lew 
than  two-thirds  of  our  total  war  costs,   they 
are  nearly  eaual  to  the  value  of  all  the  gold 
produced  in  the  world  from  the  discovery  of 
America  UP  to  the  outbreak  of  the  European 
war* 

8.  The   pay    of    the    army   during-   the   war 
cost   mom   than    the   combined   salaries   of   all 
the   public   school    principals   and  teachers  in 


4.  In    addition    to    this    huge    expenditure 
nearly  $10.000.000,000   has   been    loaned    by 
the  United  States  to  the  allies. 

5.  The    army   expenditures   have   been   over 
S14.000.000.000.   or  nearly  two-thirds  of  our 
total  war  costs. 

6.  During  the  first  three  months  our  war 
expenditures  were  at   the  rate   of  S2.000.000 
per  day.     During  the  next  year  they  averaged 
more  than  $22,000.000  a  day.     For  the  final 
ten  months  of  the  period  from  April.  1917.  to 


INTERNATIONAL  COMPARISONS. 


10. 
11. 
12. 

if: 

15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 


Allied   and   associated  nations. 


Duration  of  the  War 

War  declared     War    declared 
by  central      against    central 
powers.  powers. 


Serbia    July  28,  1914.. Aug.     9.  1914 

Russia* Aug.     1.   1914. .Nov.     3.   1914 

France    Aug.     3,   1914  .Aug.     3.  1914 

Belgium    Aug.     4,   1914. .Aug.     4.   1914 

Great    Britain Nov.  23.   1914. .Aug.     4.   1914 

Montenego   Aug.     9,  1914  .Aug.     6.   1914 

Japan    Aug.  27.  1914. .Aug.  23.   1914 

Portugal     Mar.     9,  1916. .Nov.  23.  1914 

Italy     May   23.  1915 

San     Marino June     6,  1915 

Roumaniat     Aug.  29.   1916.  .Aug.  27.   1916 

Greece  .7. Nov.  23.  1916 

United    States Apr.      6.  1917 

Panama   Apr.      7.  1917 

Cuba    Apr.      7.   1917 

Siam    July  22,  1917 

Liberia   Aug.     4.  1917 

China ...Aug.  14,   1917 

Brazil    Oct.    26.   1917 

Guatemala    Apr.  21.  1918 

Nicaragua    May      6.   1918 

Haiti    July   12,  1918 

Honduras    July   19.  1918 

•Treaty  March  3,  1918.     fTreaty  March  «,  191& 


Duration  of  war. 

Teare.Months.Days. 

4            3 

14 

3             7 

3 

3 

8 

3 

7 

3 

7 

3 

6 

2 

19 

11 

19 
19 

1 

4 
10 

11 

18 

7 

5 

7 

4 

7 

4 

3 

20 

3 

8 

2 

28 

16 

0 

21 

« 

::      I 

aS 

23 

ALMANAC  AND  TEAS-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


52ft 


6E16UN 


CgftlSR     AHTRiUH 


JEli%g%8gg88%^^ 

i*j%£22%32%3%2^^ 


Uii^%%%^%^^%^^ 


81 

23 


90 
Apr.  20 

Apr*  20 
Apr..  90 
Bay  10 
Hay  20 
Hay  90 
June  10 
June  2Q 

90 

10 

July  20 
July  90 
Aug.  10 
lug.  20 
Aug.  90 
Sept.  10 
Sept.  20 
Sept.  90 
Oot.  10 
}0ot.  20 
Oct.  30 

•or.  11 

PBB  CENT  OF  FRONT  LINE  HELD   BY  EACH  ARMY  IN   1918.      ITALIAN  TROOPS   ABB 
INCLUDED  WITH  THE  FRENCH   AND  THE     PORTUGUESE    WITH    THE    BRITISH. 
United    States    for    the    five   years    from 


a%%8%s%%0%!^^ 


1912  to  1916. 
9.  The   total 


war  costs  of   all  nations  were 


. 

about   8186.000.000.000.    of   which   the    allies 
and    the   United    States    spent    two-thirds    and 


the 


my  one-third. 

'he  three  nations  spending  the  greatest 
amounts    were    Germany.    Great    Britain    and 


'o?n*g 


France,  in  that  order.  After  them  come  t&« 
United  States  and  Austria-Hungary,  with  sub- 
stantially equal  expenditures. 

11.  The  United  States  spent  about  one-eighth 
of  the  entire  cost  of  the  war.  and  something 
less  than  one-fifth  of  the  expenditures  of  th« 


Gen.  John  J.  Pershing1.  who  arrived  in  France 
June  13.  1917.  to  prepare  the  way  for  the 
American  expeditionary  forces,  returned  to 
America  Sept.  8,  1919.  Both  before  and  after 
his  return  he  was  the  recipient  of  many  signal 
marks  of  honor  because  of  the  distinguished 
part  he  and  the  great  army  under  his  com- 
mand had  taken  in  the  war  resulting  in  the 
defeat  of  the  central  powers  and  their  allies. 
Bulgaria  and  Turkey.  Riding  at  the  head  of 
picked  American  troops,  he  was  acclaimed  by 
millions  in  the  victory  celebrations  in  Paris 
July  14  and  London  July  19,  1919,  as  the 
chief  representative  of  America's  share  in  the 
victory.  All  of  the  allied  countries  awarded 
him  the  highest  military  decorations  in  their 
power  to  give.  King  Albert  of  Belgium  be- 
stowed upon  him  the  Order  of  Leopold.  April 
4,  1919:  England  made  him  a  knight  of  the 
grand  cross  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath,  July  17, 
1919:  France  gave  him  the  grand  cross  of 
Legion  of  Honor  Aug.  3.  1918:  King  Victor 
Emmanuel  conferred  upon  him  the  grand  crosa 
of  the  Military  Order  of  Savoy  Aug.  18,  1919: 
Roumania  gave  him  the  decoration  of  the 
Order  of  Michael  the  Brave  in  December.  1918, 
and  he  was  also  decorated  by  Belgium,  Monte- 
negro, Panama  and  other  countries. 

June  25.  1919,  Oxford  university  conferred 
upon  Gen.  Pershing  the  degree  of  doctor  of 


HONORS  FOB  GEN.  JOHN  J.  PEBSHING. 


honored  in  a  similar  way  by  Cambridge  uni- 
versity. He  was  awarded  the  gold  medal  of 
the  city  of  Paris  July  3.  1919  and  on  July 
18,  1919.  the  city  of  London  presented  him 
with  a  gold  mounted  and  jeweled  sword  of 
honor  bearing  the  inscription: 

"Presented  by  the  corporation  of  the  city  of 
London  to  Gen.  John  J.  Pershing,  G.  C.  B.. 
commander  in  chief  of  the  American  expedi- 
tionary forces,  in  testimony  of  its  high  appre- 
ciation of  the  valuable  services  rendered  by 
him  and  the  troops  under  his  command  in  the 
cause  of  freedom  in  the  great  war  just  con- 
cluded." 

On  July  26,  1919.  Gen.  Pershing  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Franco-American  committee  in 
Paris  with  an  artistic  plate  inspired  by  his 
historic  words,  "Lafayette,  we  are  here."  ut- 
tered at  the  time  he  laid  a  wreath  on  the 
tomb  of  America's  great  friend  June  15.  1917. 
soon  after  his  arrival  in  France. 

After  the  conclusion  of  the  armistice  on  Nov. 
11,  1918.  Gen.  Pershing  first  devoted  his  ener- 
gies to  organizing  the  American  army  of  occu- 
pation in  Germany  and  then  to  the  sending 
home  for  demobilization  as  rapidly  as  possible 
of  the  soldiers  under  his  command.  This 
work  was  practically  accomplished  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1919  and  by  the  end  of  September  only 


civil  lawa  and  on  July   24  following  he  was  those  forces  assigned  to  remain  for  an 


626 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


inite  time  in  the  occupied  area  remained  in 
Europe.  On  July  12  Gen.  Pershing  transferred 
his  headquarters  from  Chaumont  to  Paris  and 
on  Aug1.  22  these  headquarters  were  also  def- 
initely closed. 

On  Sept.  1  Gen.  Pershing1  sailed  for  America 
on  the  Leviathan.  Just  before  leaving-  he 
made  an  address  of  farewell  to  France — "to 
her  gallant  poilus.  to  her  patriotic  men  and 
to  her  noble  women."  "The  American  army." 
he  said,  "in  fulfillment  of  the  will  of  the 
people  came  to  France  because  we  stood  for 
the  same  principles  of  right  and  because  the 
common  ideals  of  the  two  countries  called  for 
mutual  action  upon  this  foundation.  Close 
comradeship  and  co-operation  rapidly  moluoti 
our  fresh  and  aggressive  young1  manhood  into 
a  army  which  under  you  [Marshal  Foch]  as 
the  allies'  leader  wag  to  turn  the  tide  of  the 
war.  In  leaving1  with  France  our  dead  we  are 
consoled  that  their  graves  will  be  tenderly 
cared  for  and  become  a  sacred  shrine  that  will 
still  more  firmly  bind  us  together." 

The  address  was  in  reply  to  one  by  Marshal 
Foch.  who  came  aboard  the  transport  a  little 
while  before  it  sailed.  "In  leaving-  France," 
the  marshal  said,  "you  leave  your  dead  in  our 
hands.  On  our  soil  we  will  care  for  them 
religiously  and  zealously,  as  bearing-  witness 
to  the  powerful  aid  you  brought  us.  These 
dead  bind  still  more  strongly  our  already  close 
Union." 

The  Leviathan  arrived  at  New  York  Sept.  8 
and  all  the  way  up  the  harbor  and  on  landing- 
Gen.  Pershing-  was  greeted  with  popular  enthu- 
siasm as  well  as  with  official  greetings  deliv- 
ered personally  or  by  message  from  innumer- 
able personages.  Mayor  Hylan  of  New  York. 
Secretary  of  War  Baker  and  Chief  of  Staff 
March  were  among-  the  most  notable  of  the 
men  who  personally  bade  him  welcome  home. 
President  Wilson  who  had  already  begun  his 
Bpeechmaking-  tour  of  the  country  in  defense 
of  the  league  of  nations,  sent  a  telegram  in 
which  he  said:  "You  have  served  the  coun- 
try with  fine  devotion  and  admirable  efficiency 
in  a  war  forever  memorable  as  the  world's 
triumphant  protest  against  injustice  and  its 
vindication  of  liberty— the  liberty  of  peoples 
and  of  nations." 

On  the  afternoon  of  Sept.  9  Gen.  Pershing- 
appeared  before  30.000  school  children  of  New 
York  in  Central  park,  each  waving  a  small 
American  flag-.  Brief  exercises  were  held  and 
the  g-eneral  thanked  the  children  for  their  pa- 
triotism during-  the  war.  The  next  day  Gen. 
Pershing-  led  25.000  veterans  of  the  1st  divi- 
sion of  reg-ularg  on  a  parade  down  Fifth  ave- 
nue. New  York,  with  some  2.000.000  persons 
crowding  up  to  the  line  of  march  to  see  him 
and  them.  On  the  llth  the  general  attended 
a  mass  meeting-  and  reception  given  in  his 
honor  at  Madison  Square  Garden  and  on  the 
following1  day  left  for  Washington,  where  he 
was  given  another  hearty  -welcome  home.  In 
the  capital  on  Sept.  17  he  led  another  parade 
of  the  1st  division  down  Pennsylvania  avenue 
and  was  again  applauded  by  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  spectators. 

The  final  mark  of  honor  bestowed  upon  Gen. 
Pershing  by  his  own  country  was  when  con- 
gress at  a  joint  session  of  the  house  and  sen- 
ate formally  thanked  him  for  his  services  in 
the  war.  He  had  b^en  given  the  distinguished 
service  medal  on  Nov.  16.  1918.  and  by  au- 
thority granted  to  the  president  Sept.  4  had 
been  given  the  rank  and  title  of  "general  of 
the  armies  of  the  United  States"  and  the  only 
remaining  distinction  that  could  be  conferred 
upon  him  by  congress  was  the  vote  of  thanks. 
The  resolution  as  passed  by  both  houses  and 
presented  to  him  in  person  at  a  joint  session 
on  Sept.  17  was  as  follows: 

"The  thanks  of  the  American  people  and 
the  congress  of  the  United  States  are  due.  and 


are  hereby  tendered,  to  Gen.  John  J.  Pershinff 
for  his  highly  distinguished  services  as  com- 
mander in  chief  of  the  American  expeditionary 
forces  in  Europe  and  to  the  officers  and  men 
under  his  command  for  their  unwavering  duty 
and  valor  throughout  the  war." 

The  program  for  the  joint  session  consisted 
of  speeches  of  welcome  and  congratulation 
by  Senator  Albert  B.  Cummins  of  Iowa  (in 
the  absence  of  the  vice-president),  for  the 
senate.  Speaker  Frederick  H.  Gillett  for  the 
house  and  Champ  Clark  for  Missouri,  the 
R-eneral's  native  state,  and  a  response  by  Gen. 
Pershing1. 

Having-  received  by  name  the  thanks  of  con- 
gress Gen.  Pershing-  is  entitled  to  admission 
to  the  floor  of  the  house  of  representatives. 


HONORED  BY  CONGRESS. 
Following-  is  a   list  of   officers   of   the   army 
who  have  by  name  been  thanked  or  presented 
with  medals  or  swords  by  congress: 

Thanks  of  Congress. 

Lieut.-Col.  Joseph    Bailey...       ...June  11.  1864 

Maj.-Gen.  Nathaniel  P.  Banks. ..  .Jan.  28.  1864 

Maj.-Gen.  Jacob   Brown Nov.    3.  1814 

Maj.-Gen.  Ambrose  E.  Burnside..Jan.  28.  1864 

Maj.-Gen.  E.  P.  Gaines Nov.    3.  1814 

Maj.-Gen.  U.    S.    Grant Dec.  17.  1863 

Maj.-Gen.  W.    S.    Hancock April  21.  1866 

Maj.-Gen.  W.    H.    Harrison April    4,  1818 

Maj.-Gen.  Joseph   Hooker Jan.  28.  1864 

Maj.-Gen.  O.   O.   Howard Jan.  28.  1864 

Maj.-Gen.  Andrew    Jackson Feb.  27.  1815 

Brig-.-Gen.  Nathaniel   Lyon Dec.  24.  1861 

Maj.-Gen.  Alexander  McComb Nov.    3,  1814 

Maj.-Gen.   George    G.    Meade Jan.  28.  1864 

Maj.-Gen.  John  J.  Pershing Sept.  18.  f919 

Maj.-Gen.   W.   S.   Rosecrans- March  3,  1863 

Maj.-Gen.  Winfield    Scott March    9.  1848 

Maj.-Gen.  P.    H.    Sheridan Feb.    9.  1865 

Maj.-Gen.  W.  T.    Sherman Feb.  19.  1864 

Maj.-Gen.  W.    T.    Sherman Jan.  10,  18t>5 

Maj.-Gen.  Zachary   Taylor July  16.  1846 

Maj.-Gen.  Zachary    Taylor March    2,  1847 

Maj.-Gen.  Zachary    Taylor March    9.  1848 

Bvt.-Maj.-Gen.  Alfred  H.  Terry. ..Jan.  24,  1865 

Maj.-Gen.   Georpe    H.    Thomas.  .March    3.  1865 

Bvt.-Maj.-Gen.  J.   E.  Wool Jan.  24.  1854 

Gold  Medals. 

Maj.-Gen.  Jacob  Brown Nov.  3,  1814 

Col.    George    Crogan Feb.  13.  1835 

Maj.-Gen.   E.  P.   Gaines Nov.    3,  1814 

Maj.-Gen.  U.    S.   Grant Dec.  17.  1863 

Maj.-Gen.  W.  H.  Harrison April    4,  1818 

Maj.-Gen.  Andrew   Jackson Feb.  27.  1815 

Maj.-Gen.  Alexander  McComb Nov.    3.  1814 

Brig-.-Gen.  James  Miller Nov.    3,  1814 

Brig-.-Gen.  E.  P.  Porter...' Nov.    3,  1814 

Brig-.-Gen.  E.    W.    Ripley Nov.    3.  1814 

Maj.-Gen.  Winfield   Scott Nov.    3,  1814 

Maj.-Gen.  Winfield    Scott March    9.  1848 

Maj.-Gen.  Zachary  Taylor July  16.  1846 

Maj.-Gen.  Zachary    Taylor March    2.  1847 

Maj.-Gen.  Zachary    Taylor March    9.  1848 

Swords. 

Lieut.  Cyrus  A.  Baylor Feb.  13,  1835 

Maj.-Gen.  W.  O.  Butler March    2,   1847 

Ensig-n  Joseph  Duncan Feb.  13.   1835 

Brig.-Gen.  T.  L.  Hamer March    2.   1847 

Maj.-Gen.  J.  P.  Henderson March    2,   1847 

Capt.   James  Hunter Feb.  13.   1835 

Lieut.  Benjamin  Johnston Feb.  13,   1835 

Col.  Richard  M.  Johnson April    4,   1818 

Lieut.  John  Meek Feb.  13,   1835 

Brip.-Gen.  J.  A.  Quitman March    2.   1847 

Ensign  Edmond   Shipp Feb.  13.    1835 

Brig-.-Gen.  T.   E.  Twiprgs March    2,    1847 

Bvt.-Maj.-Gen.  John  E.  Wool Jan.  24,  1854 

Brig.-Gen.  W.  J.  Worth March    2.    1847 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


627 


WORK  OF  THE  RED  CROSS  WAR  COUNCIL. 


Following1  is  the  fu11  text  of  a  statement 
issued  by  Henry  P.  Davison,  chairman  of  the 
war  council  of  the  American  Bed  Cross,  Feb. 
28,  1919: 

The  war  council  of  the  American  Bed  Cross 
appointed  by  President  Wilson  on  May  10, 
1917,  to  carry  on  the  work  of  the  American 
Bed  Cross  during-  the  war,  will  at  its  re- 
quest and  by  vote  of  the  central  committee 
cease  to  exist  to-morrow. 

Immediately  the  armistice  was  signed  the 
war  council  instituted  studies  to  determine 
when  the  strictly  war  work  of  the  organiza- 
tion would  have  been  sufficiently  matured  to 
enable  the  direction  of  affairs  to  be  resumed 
by  the  permanent  staff.  Henry  P.  Davison, 
being  in  Paris  when  the  armistice  was  signed, 
summoned  a  conference  there  of  the  heads  of 
all  the  Bed  Cross  commissions  in  Europe  to 
canvass  the  situation.  After  considering  all 
the  factors  it  was  concluded  to  make  the  tran- 
sition on  March  1.  The  very  fortunate  choice 
of  Dr.  Livingston  Farrand  as  the  new  chair- 
man  of  the  central  committee,  and  thereby 
the  permanent  chief  executive  of  the  Bed 
Cross,  makes  possible  the  consummation  of 
this  plan  under  the  most  favorable  condi- 
tions. 

Detailed  reports  to  congress  and  a  complete 
audit  of  its  accounts  by  the  war  department 
Will  constitute  the  final  record  of  Bed  Cross 
activity  during  the  war.  Although  it  has  been 
the  rule  to  make  public  all  expenditures  when 
authorized  and  to  give  detailed  information 
relative  to  all  work  undertaken,  the  war  coun- 
cil in  /turning  over  its  responsibilities  to  Dr, 
Farrand  and  his  associates  desires  to  give  a 
brief  resume  of  Bed  Cross  war  time  activities 
to  the  American  people,  to  whom  the  Bed 
Cross  belongs  and  whose  generous  contribu- 
tions have  made  possible  all  that  has  been 
accomplished. 

During1  the  last  twenty-one  months  the 
American  people  have  given  in  cash  and  sup- 
plies to  the  American  Bed  Cross  more  than 
$400.000.000.  No  value  can  be  placed  upon 
the  contributions  of  service  which  have  been 
given  without  stint  and  oftentimes  at  great 
sacrifice  by  millions  of  our  people. 

The  effort  of  the  American  Bed  Cross  in 
this  war  has  constituted  by  far  the  largest 
voluntary  gifts  of  money,  of  hand  and  heart, 
ever  contributed  purely  for  the  relief  of  hu- 
man suffering.  Through  the  Bed  Cross  the 
heart  and  spirit  of  the  whole  American  peo- 
ple have  been  mobilized  to  take  care  of  our 
own.  to  relieve  the  misery  incident  to  the  war. 
and  also  to  reveal  to  the  world  the  supreme 
ideals  of  our  national  life. 

Every  one  who  has  had  any  part  in  this  war 
effort  of  the  Bed  Cross  is  entitled  to  congratu- 
late himself.  No  thanks  from  any  one  could 
be  equail  in  value  to  the  self-satisfaction  every 
one  should  feel  for  the  part  taken.  Fully 
8,000.000  American  women  have  exerted  them- 
selves in  Bed  Cross  service. 

When  we  entered  the  war  the  American  Bed 
Cross  had  about  500,000  members.  To-day, 
as  the  result  of  the  recent  Christmas  mem- 
bership roll  call,  there  are  upward  of  17.- 
000  000  full-paid  members,  outside  of  the 
members  of  the  junior  Bed  Cross,  numbering1, 
perhaps,  9,000.000  school  children  additional. 

The  chief  effort  of  the  Bed  Cross  during1  the 
war  has  been  to  care  for  our  men  in  service 
and  to  aid  our  army  and  navy  wherever  the 
Bed  Cross  may  be  called  on  to  assist.  As 
to  this  phase  of  the  work.  Surgeon-General 
Ireland  of  the  United  States  army  recently 
said:  "The  Bed  Cross  hps  been  an  enterprise 
as  vast  as  the  war  itself.  From  the  begin- 
ning it  has  done  those  things  which  the  army 


medical  corps  wanted  done  but   could  not  do 
itself." 

Red  Cross  Endeavor  in  France. 

The  Bed  Cross  endeavor  in  France  has  nat- 
urally been  upon  an  exceptionally  large  scale 
where  service  has  been  rendered  to  the  Amer- 
ican army  and  to  the  French  army  and  the 
French  people  as  well,  the  latter  particularly 
during  the  trying  period  when  the  allied  world 
was  waiting  for  the  American  army  to  arise 
in  force  and  power.  Hospital  emergency  serv- 
ice for  our  army  in  France  has  greatly  dimin- 
ished, but  the  Bed  Cross  is  still  being  called 
upon  for  service  upon  a  large  scale  in  the 
great  base  hospitals,  where  thousands  of  Amer- 
ican sick  and  wounded  are  still  receiving  at- 
tention. At  these  hospitals  the  Bed  Cross 
supplies  huts  and  facilities  for  the  amusement 
and  recreation  of  the  men  as  they  become  con- 
valescent. Our  army  of  occupation  in  Germany 
was  followed  with  medical  units  prepared  to 
render  the  same  emergency  aid  and  supply 
service  which  was  the  primary  business  of  the 
Bed  Cross  during  hostilities.  The  army  can- 
teen service  along  the  lines  of  travel  has  actu- 
ally increased  since  the  armistice. 

As  for  work  among  the  French  people,  now 
that  hostilities  have  ceased  the  French  them- 
selves naturally  prefer  as  far  as  possible  to 
provide  for  their  own.  It  has  accordingly 
been  determined  that  the  guiding1  principle  of 
Bed  Cross  policy  in  France  henceforth  shall 
be  to  have  punctilious  regard  to  its  every 
responsibility,  but  to  direct  its  efforts  prima- 
rily to  assisting  French  relief  societies.  The 
liberated  and  devastated  regions  of  France 
have  been  divided  by  the  government  into 
small  districts,  each  officially  assigned  to  a 
designated  French  relief  organization. 

The  American  Bed  Cross  work  in  France 
was  initiated  by  a  commission  of  eighteen 
men  who  landed  on  French  shores  June  13. 
1917.  Since  then  some  9.000  persons  have 
been  upon  the  rolls  in  France,  of  whom  7,- 
000  were  actively  engaged  when  the  armistice 
was  signed.  An  indication  of  the  present 
scale  of  the  work  will  be  obtained  from  the 
fact  that  the  services  of  6.000  persons  are 
still  required. 

Our  American  expeditionary  force  having 
largely  evacuated  England,  the  activities  of 
the  Bed  Cross  commission  there  are  naturally 
upon  a  diminishing-  scale.  Active  operations 
are  still  in  progress  in  Archangel  and  Siberia. 

The  work  in  Italy  has  been  almost  entirely 
on  behalf  of  the  civilian  population  of  that 
country.  In  the  critical  hours  of  Italy's 
smuggle  the  American  people,  through  their 
Bed  Cross,  sent  a  practical  message  of  sym- 
pathy and  relief,  for  which  the  government 
and  people  of  Italy  have  never  ceased  to  ex- 
press their  gratitude. 

In  the  Near  East. 

The  occasion  for  such  concentration  of  ef- 
fort in  Italy.  Ehgland.  Belgium,  and  even  in 
France,  having  naturally  and  normally  dimin- 
ished, it  has  been  possible  to  divert  supplies 
and  personnel  in  large  measure  to  the  aid  of 
those  people  in  the  near  east  who  have  hither- 
to been  inaccessible  to  outside  assistance,  but 
whose  sufferings  have  been  upon  an  appalling- 
scale.  The  needs  of  these  peoples  are  so  vast 
that  grovernment  alone  can  meet  them,  but 
the  American  Bed  Cross  is  making  an  effort 
to  relieve  immediately  the  more  acute  distress. 

An  extensive  group  of  American  workers 
has  been  dispatched  to  carry  vitally  needed 
supplies,  and  to  work  this  winter  in  the  va- 
rious Balkan  countries.  In  order  to  co-ordi- 
nate their  activities,  a  Balkan  commission  has 
been  established,  with  headquarters  at  Borne, 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Italy,   from  which  point  alone  all  the  Balkan 
centers  can  be  reached  promptly. 

A  commission  has  just  reached  Poland  with 
doctors  and  nurses,  medical  supplies,  and  food 
for  sick  children  and  invalids.  An  American 
Bed  Cross  commission  has  also  been  appointed 
to  aid  in  relieving1  the  suffering:  of  Russian 
prisoners  still  confined  in  German  prison 
camps. 

An  important  commission  is  still  working:  in 
Palestine.  Through  the  war  special  co-opera- 
tion has  been  given  to  the  Armenian  and 
Syrian  relief  commission,  which  was  the  only 
agency  able  to  carry  relief  in  the  interior  of 
Turkish  dominions. 

Red  Cross  effort  is  thus  far-flung-.  It  will 
continue  to  be  so.  But  the  movement  repre- 
sented in  this  work  has  likewise  assumed  an 
intimate  place  in  the  daily  life  of  our  people 
at  home.  The  army  of  workers  which  has 
been  recruited  and  trained  during-  the  war 
must  not  be  demobilized.  All  our  experience 
in  the  war  shows  clearly  that  there  is  an  un- 
limited field  for  service  of  the  kind  which 
can  be  performed  with  peculiar  effectiveness 
by  the  Red  Cross.  What  its  future  tasks  may 
be  it  is  yet  impossible  to  forecast.  We  know 
that  so  long-  as  there  is  an  American  army  in 
the  field  the  Red  Cross  will  have  a  special 
function  to  perform. 

Nothing  could  be  of  greater  importance  to 
the  American  Red  Cross  than  the  plans  just 
eet  in  motion  by  the  five  great  Red  Cross 
societies  of  the  world  to  develop  a  program 
of  extended  activities  in  the  interest  of  hu- 
manity. The  conception  involves  not  alone 
efforts  to  relieve  human  suffering,  but  to  pre- 
vent it:  not  alone  a  movement  by  the  people 


of  an  individual  nation,  but  an  attempt  to 
arouse  all  people  to  a  sense  of  their  respon- 
sibility for  the  welfare  of  their  fellow  beings 
throughout  the  world.  It  is  a  program  both 
ideal  and  practical.  Ideal  in  that  its  supreme 
aim  is  nothing  less  than  veritable  "Peace  on 
earth,  good  will  to  men,"  and  practical  in  that  . 

it    seeks    to   take   means   and   measures   which          ' 
are  actually  available  and  make  them  effective 
in  meeting  without  delay  the  crisis  which  is 
daily  recurrent  in  the  lives  of  all  peoples. 

For  accomplishing  its  mission  in  the  years 
of  peace  which  must  lie  ahead  of  us  the  Red 
Cross  will  require  the  ablest  possible  leader- 
ship, and  must  enjoy  the  continued  support, 
sympr-thy  and  participation  in  its  work  of  the 
whole  American  people.  It  is  particularly 
fortunate  that  such  a  man  as  Dr.  Livingston 
Farrand  should  have  been  selected  as  the  per- 
manent head  of  the  organization.  The  un- 
stinted fashion  in  which  all  our  people  gave 
of  themselves  throughout  thfe  war  is  the  best 
assurance  that  our  Red  Cross  will  continue  to 
receive  that  co-operation  which  will  make  its 
work  a  source  of  pride  and  inspiration  to 
every  American. 

COMMISSIONER  IN  EUROPE. 
In  conformity  with  plans  for  carrying:  out 
of  Red  Cross  postwar  activities  abroad,  the 
office  of  commissioner  in  Europe  was  created 
in  March.  1919.  to  take  the  place  of  the  com- 
mission for  Europe,  a  body  established  in  No- 
vember. 1918.  Robert  E.  Olds,  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  the  commission  for  France,  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  new  position  with  the  assimi- 
lated rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 


RECORD  OF  THE  BRITISH  GUARDS. 


The  following-  figures  will  indicate  the  losses 
sustained  and  honors  won  by  some  of  the  fa- 
mous British  guard  regiments  (foot)  in  the 
fig-hting  in  France  from  August,  1914.  to  Nov. 

Grenadier    Guards— Killed.    203    officers.    4.436 

other  ranks. 

Wounded,  242  officers.  6,934  other  ranks. 
Missing,  two  officers.  85  other  ranks 
Decorations  won— V.  C..  7;  D.  S.  O..  51:  mil- 
itary  cross.    137;   D.  C.  M..   152:   military 

Coldtst^am6Guards— Killed.  158  officers.  3.448 

Woundedai324  officers,   9.435  other  ranks. 
Missing.  3  officers.  110  other  ranks. 
Decorations  won— V.  C..  7:  D.  S.  O..  40:  mil- 
itary cross.   121:   D.  C.  M..   152;   military 

Scots^Guards— Killed.  108  officers.  2.026  other 

Wounded,  149  officers.  4,002  other  ranks. 
Missing,  595  N.  C.  O.'s  >and  men.     No  of- 
ficers. 


Decorations  won— V.  C.,  5;  D.  S.  O..  24:  mil- 
itary cross.  97:  D.  C.  M.,  89:  military 
medal.  332. 

Irish  Guards— Killed.  108  officers.  2.149  other 
ranks. 

Wounded,  199  officers.  5.540  other  ranks. 

Missing.  7  officers,  100  other  ranks. 

Decorations  won— V.  C..  4;  D.  S.  O..  15:  mil- 
itary cross.  63;  D.  C.  M..  75;  military 
medal.  195. 

Welsh   Guards— Killed.   33   officers.   820   other 
ranks. 

Wounded.   55   officers.   1.700  other  ranks. 

Missing,  no  officers,  2  other  ranks. 

Decorations  won— V.  C.,  1 ;  D.  S.  O..  10:  mil- 
itary cross.  30;  D.  C.  M..  20;  military 
medal.  147. 

Guards   Machine    Gun    Regiment    (4th    Bn.)— 
Killed.  6  officers.  174  other  ranks. 

Wounded,  19  officers.  1,579  other  ranks. 

Missing.  1  officer. 

Decorations  won— D.  S.  O.,  2:  military  cross. 
25;  D.  C.  M..  23;  military  medal.  67. 


DEMOBILIZATION 

Immediately  after  the  armistice  on  Nov. 
11  1918,  the  work  of  sending  back  to 
America  the  officers  and  men  of  the  army  of 
more  than  2,000,000  sent  to  France  was  be- 
g%m.  It  was  done  as  expeditiously  as  pos- 
sible, all  available  transports  and  warships 
being  used  for  the  purpose.  The  main  ports 
of  debarkation  were  Brest  and  St.  Nazaire  in 
France,  though  other  ports  in  that  country 
and  in  England  were  used.  No  serious  mis- 
haps occurred,  and  by  Nov.  1,  1919,  the  task 
had  been  almost  completed.  Only  a  few 
thousand  men  and  officers,  mostly  regulars, 
remained  in  France  and  the  occupied  part  of 
Germany. 


OF  THE  ARMY. 

On  their  arrival  in  the  United  States  the 
soldiers  were  sent  to  the  camps  nearest  -their 
homes  and  given  their  discharge  papers.  The 
system  of  demobilizing  the  men  prevented 
any  great  parade  like  that  which  took  place 
in  Washington  at  the  close  of  the  civil  war. 
Divisional  parades  were  held  in  New  York 
and  Washington.  Parades  by  smaller  units 
took  place  by  the  hundreds  in  all  the  chief 
cities  of  the  United  States  and  continued 
throughout  the  spring  and  summer  until  most 
of  the  troops  had  returned  home.  Every  ef- 
fort, was  made  to  show  honor  to  the  men 
who  had  fought  for  their  country  on  the 
battle  fields  of  France. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN 

FINANCIAL,  STATEMENT. 
The  following  financial  statement  covering 
the  period  from  April  26.  1917.  to  March  31. 
1919  was  issued  by  the  national  war  work 
council  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  associ- 
ations of  the  United  States  on  July  7.  1919: 

Receipts. 
Contributions— First   campaign.     85.100.005.22 

Second    campaign    53.110.030.27 

Third  campaign  65.037.410.80 

Overseas    92.455.80 


123.346.508.09 

1.113.009.90 

481.009.00 

130.955.50 

203.851.05 


125.282.859.54 

7.887.633.36 

20.225.947.96 

570.493.56 

1.503.033.95 


Total    

Miscellaneous  donations   

Interest  balances   , 

Interest  securities   

Miscellaneous  income   

Total  receipts   , 

Expenditures. 

United   States^Buildings , 

Camp    activities    

Local   war  work 

Military   dept.   headquarters. 

Total     

Overseas— Buildings    

Field   activities    

Gibraltar  and  Corfu 

Headquarters  expenses 

Total     43.089.242.07 

Loss  on  operations 1.478.084.14 

Loss  on  foreign  exchange 2.432.089.70 

Work  with  allied  armies,  etc..  14.409.175.95 

New   York  headquarters 8.104.802.40 

Recruiting:  secretaries 2.452.196.36 

Training   secretaries  604.306.05 

Total  expenditures  97.817.005.50 

Balance    27.465.854.04 

Current  Assets. 

Accounts  receivable 9.735.366.75 

Canteen  supplies  6,992.591 .90 

Liberty  bonds,  certificates 7.650.00 

Cash     27.597.558.07 


30.187.108.83 

10.453,727.38 

30.769.351.66 

68.957.12 

1.797.205.91 


Total   assets   43.333.166.72 

Current  Liabilities. 

Accounts  payable    (U.   S.) 

Accounts  payable,   overseas.... 

Remittances  for  transfer 

Reserve  for  leased  properties.. 

For  trucks,  supplies,  etc 

Insurance,   freight,   etc 


2.792.964.94 
6.594.720.13 
1.627.285.92 
597.471.76 
3.022.533.71 
1.232.331.22 


Total   liabilities 15.867.312.68 

DETAILS  OF  EXPENDITURES. 

Work    With,  Allied   Armies,  1917-1919. 

France    $6.738.744.31 

Great  Britain  497.369.79 

Italy    3.139.951.68 

Russia    4.805.935.77 

Other  allies 860,694.41 


Total    16.042.095.96 

With  Prisoners  of  War. 

In  Germany  117.988.68 

In  Denmark  99.087.34 

In  Austria-Hungary 140.812.49 

In  Switzerland 247.9.~>0.81 

In  Turkey  56.200.41 

In  other  countries  390.545.39 

Total 1.058.591.12 

New  York  Headquarters. 

Office  expenses    323,657.32 

Comptroller's    department 119.965.65 

Purchasing  division  141.097.41 

Office  equipment  105,094.48 

Religious   bureau    93.272.38 

Construction  department   20.191.28 


ASSOCIATION  WAR  WORK. 

Treasurer's  department   

Interest   on  loans 

Insurance  premiums 

Conference  expenses  

Executive  department  

Intelligence  department 

Educational  bureau 

Accounting  bureaus 

Other  bureaus   

Unclassified    


$77.276.50 

77.155.83 

63.584.83 

58.546.74 

45.770.40 

20.396.30 

32,974.29 

110.186.53 

270.549.66 

347.705.79 


Total   1.913.425.48 

WAR  WORK  SUMMARIZED. 

Figures  arc  now  available  showing:  the  quan- 
tity of  some  of  the  materials  required  and 
purchased  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  during  the  pe- 
riod beginning  with  July.  1917.  and  ending 
with  March.  1919.  to  carry  out  the  program  of 
giving  pleasures,  luxuries  and  conveniences  to 
more  than  4,000.000  men  mobilized  at  home 
and  abroad.  The  materials  reached  the  men 
through  nearly  1.000  Y.  M.  C.  A.  huts  in  the 
home  camps  and  through  1.965  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
buildings  in  France. 

To  transport  supplies  and  facilities  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  used  approximately  1.300  automobiles 
and  trucks.  Of  these  916  were  bought  in 
America  at  an  expense  of  more  than  $1.000.- 
000  and  shipped  abroad. 

Equipment  was  provided  for  baseball,  box- 
ing, football,  volley  ball,  basket  ball  and  other 
games.  Among  the  articles  bought  and  sent 
abroad  or  to  the  home  camps  were  the  follow- 
ing: 

Baseballs    1,197,768 

Bats   (for  overseas)   155.293 

Mitts   44.278 

Fielders'  gloves   91.060 

Catchers'    ma:^ks    21.875 

Sets  of  bases 1.658 

Pairs  of  boxing  gloves 69.296 

Footballs    122.788 

Volley  balls 43.096 

Basketballs 42.941 

Medicine  balls 9.405 

Religious  and  Other  Literature. 

In  the  camps  at  home  and  in  the  work  over- 
seas, the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  from  the  time  America 
entered  the  war  until  the  end  of  the  period 
under  review.  March  31.  1919.  distributed  5.- 
500.000  copies  of  the  new  testament,  the  bible 
and  other  scripture  portions  and  also  20.- 
000.000  copies  of  religious  pamphlets,  book- 
lets and  books,  or  a  grand  total  of  25,500  000. 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  expended  almost  $1.500.000 
in  the  purchase  of  6.803.178  books  and  pam- 
phlets for  distribution  abroad,  a  portion  of 
which  were  textbooks  necessary  to  its  educa- 
tional program.  Ultimately  these  textbooks 
were  taken  over,  with  the  educational  work, 
by  the  army.  In  addition  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  ex- 
pended $228.405.45  for  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  copies  of  American  magazines  for  the  men. 

To  keep  a  steady  flow  of  letters  from  the 
men  in  service  to  the  relatives  and  friends  at 
home,  the  Y  M.  C.  A.  provided  almost  a  mil- 
lion and  three  quarters  of  pen  points  for  the 
use  of  the  men  abroad  and  more  than  a  mil- 
lion for  the  men  in  the  United  States.  More 
than  360.000  penholders  were  required  and 
more  than  2.000.000  pencils. 

To  the  men  abroad  the  Y.  M.  C.  A  gave 
more  than  400.000.000  sheets  of  letter  paper, 
almost  half  as  many  envelopes  and  16.000,000 
postcards.  It  has  been  estimated  that  the  en- 
velopes sent  to  France  would  have  reached 
five  times  the  distance  from  New  York  to 
Brest.  The  envelopes  alone  suppli-ed  the  home 
camps  totaled  270.000.000.  All  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
stationery  was  distributed  without  charge. 

In  addition  to  subscribing  to  American  mag- 
azines for  the  men.  the  Y.  M.  C.  A  began 
Oct.  8.  1917.  the  publication  of  periodicals  at 
the  various  home  camps.  In  tbe  beginning  it 
published  thirty-two,  but  this  number  had  in- 


630 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


creased  at  the  time  of  the  signing  of  the 
armistice  to  forty  -five.  The  total  weekly  cir- 
culation of  these  periodicals  was  approxi- 
mately 700.000. 

Entertainment. 

The  entertainment  phase  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
war  work  was  made  up  of  two  distinct  divi- 
sions. The  first  of  these  was  devoted  to  that 
type  of  entertainment  which  necessitated  the 
sending  to  the  home  camps  and  abroad  actors, 
musicians,  vaudeville  performers,  dramatic  di- 
rectors for  training:  soldier  talent,  lecturers 
and  theatrical  supplies. 

In  carrying  out  this  part  of  its  program,  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  sent  675  lecturers  and  entertainers 
overseas  and  made  possible  the  presentation 
of  more  than  34.000  entertainments  under  its 
auspices,  in  Europe,  to  audiences  varying  from 
a  few  hospital  pat.ents  to  5,000  men.  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  entertainments  of  this  type  in  the  home 
camps  totaled  97.521.  with  an  aggregate  at- 
tendance estimated  at  approximately  43.- 
600.000. 

Motion  Pictures. 

The  other  division  of  this  work  was  the  field 
of  the  motion  picture.     Prom  May  15.  1917, 
to  March  31.  1919,  the  cinema  department  of 
the   Y.  M.  C.  A.  gave  the  following  showings: 
In  France   and  occupied  Germany  ......  114,000 

On  transports  and  in  the  navy  ........   98,400 

In  home  camps  ........................  109,5(58 

In  the  West  Indies  .....................   10,600 

In  England   ............................   12,500 

Among  allied  armies  and  prisoners  .....  40,000 

Total   ................................  385,068 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  sent  more  than  1,600  mo- 
tion picture  machines  to  Europe  and  used  ap- 
proximately 800  in  this  country.  More  than 
13,000.000  feet  of  film  were  sent  or  purchased 
abroad  and  shown  repeatedly.  The  total  at- 
tendance of  soldiers  in  France  alone  between 
August,  1917  and  April,  1919,  was  in  excess 
of  60,000,000.  Not  a  cent  was  charged  for 
any  of  the  entertainment  provided. 

Remittance  Service. 

For  the  convenience  of  the  men  in  the  serv- 
ice the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  conducted  in  this  period 
a  banking  business  which  involved  handling 
approximately  $38,000,000.  It  sold  postal  and 
express  money  orders  at  regular  rates.  In 
February.  1918.  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  organized  a 
soldiers'  remittance  bureau  for  transmitting 
money  from  the  soldiers  and  sailors  overseas 
to  their  families  in  this  country.  The  service 
was  conducted  without  charge  to  the  men. 
The  New  York  office  up  to  March  31,  1919, 
disbursed  306,486  remittances,  representing 
$18,159,929.84,  or  an  average  of  $59.25  per 
remittance.  On  July  1,  1919,  only  585  remit- 
tances, or  less  than  one-fifth  of  1  per  cent. 
remained  undelivered  due  to  incorrect  addresses 
of  payees  or  the  impossibility  of  locating  the 
original  remitters. 

Post  Exchanges  and  Canteens. 
On  Aug.  20.  1917,  the  commander-in-chief 
of  the  A.  E.  F..  asked  the  organization  to 
undertake  the  management  of  the  post  ex- 
changes in  order  to  release  for  combat  soldiers 
who  would  otherwise  be  needed  to  conduct  the 


. 

''Inasmuch  as  this  exchange  service  has  been 
entlAelyvVOTirUnXa1^  and  as  the  Principal  object 
of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  to  minister  to  the  needs 
of  our  soldiers  it  is  not  believed  that  any  reg- 
ulations are  necessary  which  would  fix  the 
percentage  of  Profits  The  history  and  repu- 
tation of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  are  sufficient  guar- 
antees against  any  unreasonable  conduct  of  the 
exchanges.  Sales  will  be  made  at  a  slight 
r  cost  plus  cost  of  operations  of 


o  ?£  the  army  authorities  it  was 

arranged  that  the  post  exchanges  should  be 


made  as  nearly  self-supporting  as  possible. 
Under  the  original  army  authorization  the  Y. 
M.  C.  A.  was  directed  to  ship  all  canteen  or 
post  exchange  supplies  by  regular  merchant 
marine.  The  army  arrangement  provided  that 
on  this  basis  retail  prices  should  be  reckoned 
to  include  the  cost  of  the  merchandise,  plus 
ocean  freight,  insurance,  receiving,  storage  and 
delivering  expenses  in  France,  plus  an  item  to 
cover  losses  due  to  shrinkage,  wastage,  dam- 
aged goods,  etc.  Later,  through  the  assistance 
given  by  the  army,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  was  en- 
abled to  ship  much  of  these  supplies  by  gov- 
ernment transports.  This  reduced  the  cost  of 
transportation  and  made  it  possible  to  lower 
retail  prices,  which  was  done. 

The  National  War  Work  council  decided  that 
the  post  exchanges  should  be  permitted  to  use 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  huts  and  abris  and  that  no 
charge  should  be  made  for  the  service  given 
by  secretaries. 

Men  who  have  organized  huge  undertakings 
are  best  qualified  to  appreciate  the  task  under- 
taken. So  far  as  possible  wherever  the  army 
went  the  Y  M.  C.  A.  endeavored  to  push 
ahead  with  it.  Buildings  were  taken  over  at 
every  possible  point  where  service  could  be 
given.  By  September,  1918,  there  were  ap- 
proximately 1.500  service  centers.  In  more 
than  1,000  of  these  the  post  exchange  service 
had  been  set  up,  as  well  as  in  many  of  the 
1.000  or  more  foyers  du  soldat  with  the 
French  army. 

Within  a  few  months  there  had  been  reared 
a  large  chain  store  system  in  the  face  of  the 
most  trying  obstacles.  Experts  in  this  work 
had  been  called  from  America  to  supervise  the 
task  of  organization  and  operation.  These 
men  found  themselves  supervising  a  merchan- 
dising system  which  in  the  eleven  months 
ended  March  31.  1919.  had  totakd  over  $37.- 
000,000  in  gross  sales  in  France  and  in  ten 
months  over  $2,600,000  in  England. 

While  the  bulk  of  the  merchandise  disposed 
of  'at  the  post  exchanges  came  from  America, 
the  difficulties  of  ocean  transportation  made 
it  impossible  to  obtain  a  sufficient  supply  to 
meet  rapidly  growing  demands.  As  a  solution, 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  through  the  courtesy  and 
assistance  of  the  French  government,  suc- 
ceeded in  reopening  forty-four  disus-ed  French 
factories  for  the  manufacture  of  necessary 
materials.  The  Y.  'M.  C.  A.  supplied  the  raw 
materials,  supervised  the  manufacture  and 
took  the  entire  product.  The  twenty  biscuit 
factories,  thirteen  chocolate  factories,  three 
candy  factpries  and  eight  jam  factories  oper- 
ated in  this  fashion,  when  working  at  their 
maximum.  produced  monthly:  10.160,000 
packages  of  biscuits;  7.400,000  tablets  of 
drinking  chocolate:  3,500,000  bars  of  sweet 
chocolate;  1,000,000  bars  of  milk  chocolate; 
3,800,000  bars  of  chocolate  cream:  1,500.000 
nut-covered  chocolate  rolls;  3,100,000  cartons 
of  caramels  and  2.000,000  tins  of  jam. 

For  the  manufacture  of  chocolate,  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A  had  to  transport  cocoa  beans  and  at 
times  even  the  lumber  for  the  cases  in  which 
the  chocolate  was  packed,  as  well  as  the  paper 
in  which  it  was  wrapped.  For  the  manu- 
facture of  biscuits,  it  had  to  transport  in- 
gredients such  as  flour,  sugar,  bicarbonate  of 
soda,  almonds,  peanuts,  figs,  etc.,  as  well  as 
lumber  for  packing  cases.  For  the  manufac- 
ture of  confiture,  fruit  pulp  was  brought  from 
Spain  and  southern  France.  For  the  manu- 
facture of  cans,  tin  was  brought  from  Bor- 
deaux. For  the  manufacture  of  paper  and 
envelopes,  it  was  necessary  at  times  to  trans- 
port the  pulp  of  which  the  paper  was  made, 
the  machinery  for  its  manufacture,  lamp-black 
for  the  printing-ink,  gum  arabic  for  the  mu- 
cilage on  the  envelopes,  and  talc  with  which 
to  surface  the  paper.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  also 
had  to  manufacture  writing  paper  and  other 
supplies.  For  example,  it  employed  the  paper 
factories  in  Tolosa.  Spain,  to  manufacture 
paper.  One  hundred  million  sheets  were  made 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


531 


there.  This  employed  practically  the  entire 
town's  population  of  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren, for  a  considerable  period  of  time. 

In  addition  to  these  products  manufactured 
abroad,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  equipping  its  over- 
seas canteens  with  supplies  purcnased  25.- 
000.000  pounds  of  sugar.  It  further  met  the 
demand  for  sweets  by  the  purchase  of  2,000,- 
000  cans  of  jam,  1,320,000  pounds  of  choco- 
late. 1,000,000  packages  of  cough  drops, 
2,500.000  packages  of  biscuits  and  crackers, 
and  approximately  1,250.000  pounds  of  hard 
candy.  Chewing  gum  was  especially  in  de- 
mand and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  supplied  30.232,000 
packages,  enough,  it  might  be  said,  to  provide 
almost  a  stick  and  a  half  of  gum  to  every 
man.  woman  and  child  in  the  United  States. 

At  its  overseas  canteens  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
served  cocoa,  sometimes  free  and  sometimes 
at  a  nominal  charge.  To  supply  this  service 
it  purchased  1.873.000  pounds  of  cocoa  pow- 
der. Although  the  soldiers  were  given  coffee 
at  their  regular  mess,  there  was  a  sufficient 
demand  to  necessitate  the  purchase  of  393,000 
pounds  for  use  abroad.  Fresh  milk  was  prac- 
tically impossible  to  obtain  in  France.  The 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  bought  and  sent  overseas  approxi- 
mately 4,500.000  cans  of  condensed  milk,  and 
3,400  cases  of  dry,  powdered  and  malted  m  Ik. 
The  supply  of  flour  for  overseas  aggregated 
more  than  22,000.000  pounds,  purchased  at  a 
cost  of  more  than  $1,250.000. 

Tobacco  was  one  of  the  largest  single  items 


in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  purchases  for  the  men  over- 
seas. From  July.  1917.  to  March  31.  1919. 
there  were  either  sold  at  canteens  or  distrib- 
uted as  gifts  1,906,186.664  cigarettes,  and  in 
addition  50,000,000  cigars  and  approximately 
5,250.000  pounds  of  smoking  and  chewing 
tobacco. 

Secretaries  were  instructed  by  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  to  make  no  charge  whatever  for  any 
supplies  distributed  to  men  going  into  or  com- 
ing out  of  combat.  The  total  valuation  of 
supplies  thus  distributed  was  $1,794,771.16. 

In  February,  1919,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  at  its 
own  request,  was  relieved  by  the  army  of  the 
post  exchange  service  because  of  "the  in- 
creased responsibilities  in  promoting  educa- 
tional, athletic  and  entertainment  activities, 
which  are  placing  a  rapidly  increasing  burden 
on  our  personnel."  az  the  ch.ef  secretary  of 
the  A.  E.  F.-Y.  M.  C.  A.  expressed  it.  The 
commander-in-chief,  in  directing  that  the  army 
resume  control  of  the  service,  wrote: 

"In  making  this  change,  permit  me  to  thank 
you  for  the  very  valuable  services  and  assist- 
ance which  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  has  rendered  to 
the  American  expeditionary  force  in  handling 
these  exchanges.  Handicapped  by  a  shortage 
of  tonnage  and  land  transportation,  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  has  by  extra  exertion  served  the  army 
better  than  would  have  been  expected,  and 
you  may  be  assured  that  its  aid  has  been  a 
large  factor  in  the  final  great  accomplishments 
of  the  American  army." 


KNIGHTS  OF  COLUMBUS  WAR  ACTIVITIES. 


RECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMENTS  FOR  FIS- 
CAL YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30,   1919. 
Receipts. 

Balance.  July  1.   1918 $5.287.969.00 

Miscellaneous    contributions 5.699,005.14 

Interest  on  bank  balances 86,241.65 

Interest  on  investments 141,389.19 


Salvage 

Miscellaneous  refunds.. 


2-1,344.86 
108,950.01 
United  war  work  campaign 17,000,000.00 


Total   28,344.899.85 

Disbursements. 

Activities  in  United  States 6,338,780.13 

Activities  overseas 10,455,772.28 


Total  disbursements 16,794.552.41 

Balance  unexpended  11,550,347.44 

Disbursements  in  the  United  States. 

1919  1918. 

Building  program... $1,730, 616. 19  $860,547.00 

Personnel    expense..    1,193,060.18  261,564.07 

Activities— Athletics         96,989.01  7,536.69 

Motion  pictures...       663,485.60  101,626.14 

Educational,  social         93.455.02  10,422.06 

Employm't  service         13,243.12    


Total  activities..       867,172.75      119,584.89 
Motor  transport 215,956.25       47,558.82 


Supplies  (free)  — 

Papers,    etc $346.228.36  $65.475.39 

Tobacco  101,856.75    

Food   and  candy..  120.286.54 

Miscellaneous 555.623.63 

Total  supplies...  1.123,995.28  65,475.39 


113.514.74  26,893.18 
166.616.76  63.387.83 
927.847.98  39,690.63 


Freight  &  insurance 
Gen'l  administration 
Other  disbursements 

Total    6.338.780.131,484,701.80 

Disbursements  Overseas. 

Bldg.  &  equipment..  69.289.89  2,918.86 
675.386.35  21,302.72 
416.975.42  1.884.43 


.  .. 

Personnel  expense... 


Activities  —Athletics 
Motion    pictures, 

etc 

Total   activities.. 

Motor  transport 

Supplies  (free)  — 

Papers,  etc 

Writing    material.. 


38,552.51 


1,860.30 


455,527.93 
138.957.90 


34,498.39 
13,634.35 


,. 
Tobacco  ............   3,477,249.27 

Food  and  candy...       863,136.51 
Miscellaneous    .....      435,773.97 


3,744.73 
3,248.65 


103.30 
92.90 


55.00 


Total    supplies...  4.824.292.49  251.20 

Freight  &  insurance      191,456.71  7.830.74 

Gen'l    administration       130,022.71  951.5/1 

Other    disbursements  3.970.298.30  694.942.25 

Total    10.445.772.28  735.190.66 


STRENGTH  OF  AMERICAN  ARMY  NOV.  11,    1918. 

[From   war  department   summary.] 

Officers.         Men.  Total. 

Army    personnel   in   Europe 80,842    1,868,474  1,949,316 

At    sea,    en  route  to   Europe 1.162         21,072  22,234 

Total 82,004    1,889,546  1,971,550 

Marines    (on   duty   with    army  in   Europe) 1,002         31,383  32,385 

Total,    including    marines 83,006   1,920,929  2,003,935 

Siberian    expedition    298           8,806  9,104 

Total  A.   E.  F.  in  Europe  and  Siberia 83,304    1,929.735  2,013,039 

In    United    States    104,155   1,530.344  1.634.499 

In   insular    possessions,    Alaska,    etc 1.977         53,758  55,735 

Grand    total    in    army    excluding   marines 188.434   3.482,454  3,670.888 

Grand    total    in    army    including    marines 189,436    3,513,837  3,703,273 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


UNITED    STATES   VICTORY   AND   LIBERTY   LOANS. 


Up  to  the  close  of  1919  the  United  States 
had  issued  five  liberty  loans— two  in  1917. 
two  in  1918  and  one  in  1919,  the  last  beinar 
known  as  the  victory  liberty  loan.  The  fol- 
lowing' tables  show  the  treasury  allotment  to 
each  federal  reserve  district  and  the  actual 
subscription : 

First  Liberty  Loan  (1917). 

District.  Allotment.       Subscriptions. 

Mew   York   $600.000,000  $1,186.788,400 

Chicago   260.000.000         357.195,950 

Boston   240.000,000         332.447.600 

Cleveland     180.000.000         286.148.700 

Philadelphia    ....    140.000,000         232.309.250 
San  Francisco....    140,000.000         175.623.900 

Richmond    80.000,000         109,737.100 

Kansas  City 100.000.000  91.758.850 

Bt.  Louis 80.000.000  86.134.700 

Minneapolis   80.000,000  70,255.500 

Atlanta     60.000,000  57.878.550 

Dallas    40.000.000  48.948,350 


Total    2,000.000,000     3.035,226.850 

Second  Liberty  Loan  (1917). 
District.  Allotment.       Subscriptions. 

Boston     $300,000,000 

New  York  900,000,000 

Philadelphia    ....    250.000.000 

Cleveland   300.000.000 

Richmond    120,000.000 

Atlanta   80.000,000 

Chicag-o    420,000,000 

St.    Louis 120.000.000 


Minneapolis 

Kansas    City 

Dallas 


105.000.000 
120,000,000 

75,000,000 

San  Francisco...!  210,000,000 


$476.950.050 
1,550,453.450 
380.350,250 
486.106.800 
201.212.500 

90,695.750 
585,853,350 
184,280.750 
140,932.650 
150,125.750 

77,899.850 
292,671.150 


Total 3.000.000.000  4.617.532.300 

Third  Liberty  Loan  (1918). 

District.                   Allotment.  Subscriptions. 

Boston  $250,000.000  $354,537,250 

New  York  ..        .    900.000.000  1.115.243,650 

Philadelphia 250.000,000  391.963,500 

Cleveland  300.000.000  405.051,150 

Richmond    130.000.000  186.259.050 

Atlanta   90.000,000  137,(549.450 

Chicago     425.000.000  608.878.600 

St.    Louis 130.000.000  199.835.900 

Minneapolis    105.000,000  180,892.100 

Kansas  City 130,000,000  204,092,800 

Dallas  80.000.000  116.220.650 

San  Francisco....    210.000,000  287,975,000 


Total    3.000.000,000  4,158,599.100 

Fourth  Liberty  Loan  (1918). 

District.                   Allotment.  Subscriptions. 

Boston    $500.000.000  $632,221,850 

Richmond    280,000.000  352,688,200 

Philadelphia 500.000.000  598.763.650 

Cleveland     600.000.000  702,059,800 

Dallas    126,000,000  145,944,450 

Minneapolis    210.000.000  241.628.300 

San  Francisco....    402.000.000  459,000,000 

St.   Louis 260,000.000  296,388,550 

New  York  1,800,000,000  2.044,778,600 

Atlanta    192,000.000  217.885.200 

Kansas   City 260.000,000  294,649.450 

Chicag-o     870.000,000  969.209.000 


Total    6,000.000,000     6,954,875,200 

Fifth.   "Victory"   Liberty  Loan   (1919). 
District.  Allotment.       Subscriptions. 

New    York    $1.350.000.000  $1.762.684.900 

Chicagro   652.500.000        772.046,550 

Boston    375.000.000       425.259.950 

Philadelphia    ...       375.000.000        422  756,100 
Minneapolis    ....       157.500.000        176,114.850 

Cleveland   450.000.000       496,750.650 

St.    Louis 195,000,000        310,431,950 


District.  Allotment.  Subscriptions. 

Richmond    $210.000.000  $225,146850 

San     Francisco..  301,500.000  319,120  800 

Kansas    City 195.000.000  197.989'lOO 

Atlanta    144,000.000  143,062.050 

Dallas    94.500.000  87,5041250 

Total    4.500,000.000    5,249,908,300 

THE  VICTORY  LIBERTY  LOAN. 
Congress  in  an  act  known  as  the  "Victory 
liberty  loan  act,"  approved  March  3.  1919. 
authorized  the  secre- 
tary of  the  treasury  to 
borrow  on  the  credit 
of  the  United  States 
not  to  exceed  $7,000  - 
000.000  and  to  issue 
notes  therefor  from 
time  to  time  in  such 
forms  and  on  such 
terms  as  he  miprht 
prescribe.  The  full 
text  of  this  act  will  be 
found  beginning-  on 
pag-e  91  of  this  vol- 
ume. The  amount  and 
the  terms  of  the  bond 
issue  were  announced 
by  Secretary  Glass  on 
April  13.  The  total 
amount  was  fixed  at 
$4.500.000,000  and  the 
bonds  were  to  -be  of 
two  classes  of  short 
term  notes  bearing-  4%  and  3%  per  cent  inter- 
est, respectively.  The  two  classes  of  securi- 
ties were  further  described  thus: 

"The  4%  per  cent  convertible  g-old  notes  of 
the  United  States  are  exempt  from  state  and 
local  taxes,  except  estate  and  inheritance 
taxes,  and  exempt  from  normal  federal  in- 
come taxes,  but  not  exempt  from  federal  in- 
come surtaxes.  These  notes  will  mature  in 
four  years,  be  redeemable  in  three  years,  and 
will  be  convertible  into  the  following-  class 
at  any  time  during-  their  life  at  the  option 
of  the  holder. 

"The  3%  per  cent  convertible  g-old  notes  of 
the  united  States  are  exempt  from  all  federal, 
state  and  local  taxes,  except  estate  and  in- 
heritance taxes.  These  notes  will  mature  in 
four  years,  be  redeemable  in  thrp>e  years  and 
will  be  convertible  into  notes  of  the  foregroing 
class  at  any  time  during-  their  life  at  the 
option  of  the  holder. 

"Oversubscriptions  will  be  rejected  and  al- 
lotments made  on  a  graduated  scale  similar  i« 
its  general  plan  to  that  adopted  in  connection 
with  the  first  liberty  loan.  Allotment  will 
be  made  in  full  on  subscriptions  up  to  and 
including-  $10,000. 

"The  notes  of  both  series  will  be  dated  and 
bear  interest  from  May  20,  1919.  and  will 
mature  on  May  20,  1923.  Interest  will  be 
payable  on  Dec.  15,  1919.  and  thereafter  s«mi- 
annually  on  June  15  and  Dec.  15,  and  at 
maturity.  All  or  any  of  the  notes  may  be 
redeemed  before  maturity  at  the  option  of  the 
United  States  on  June  15  or  Dec.  15.  1922. 
at  par  and  accrued  interest." 

The  "drive"  for  the  loan  began  April  21 
and  closed  May  10.  It  was  conducted  in 
the  same  manner  as  were  the  previous  cam- 
paigns by  means  of  posters,  advertisements, 
speeches,  personal  canvassing-,  the  giving-  of 
Victory  buttons  and  "plus"  chevrons  and  by 
other  methods.  It  was  perhaps  less  spec- 
tacular than  on  former  occasions  while  the 
war  was  still  in  progress  but  it  was  equally 
successful  and  the  issue  was  heavily  over- 
subscribed. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


635 


DETAILS    OF    LOANS. 

First  liberty.  30  year  3%  per  cent  loan- 
Subscriptions  began  May  11.  1917.  and  ended 
June  16;  bonds  issued  June  15,  1917;  ma- 
turity, June  15,  1947;  interest  payable  June 
15  and  Dec.  15  each  year;  convertible  into 
higher  rate  bonds  but  not  into  short  term 
obligations;  exempt  from  all  taxation,  except 
inheritance  and  estate  taxes,  both  as  to 
principal  and  interest;  redeemable  by  the 
government  on  and  after  June  15,  1932. 

Second  liberty.  15  and  30  year,  4  per 
cent  loan— Subscriptions  began  Oct.  1,  1917, 
and  ended  Oct.  27;  bonds  issued  Nov.  15; 
maturity  Nov.  15,  1942.  and  June  15,  1947; 
interest  payable  Nov.  15  and  May  15;  con- 
vertible into  subsequent  issues  of  bonds  bear- 
ing interest  at  a  higher  rate  than  4  per 
cent;  exempt  from  state  and  local  taxes 
and  from  normal  income  tax  but  not  from 
estate,  inheritance,  supertax,  excess  and  war 
profits  taxes  on  all  incomes  above  $5,000; 
redeemable  by  the  government  on  or  after 
Nov.  15.  1927. 

Third  liberty,  10  year.  4%  per  cent  loan- 
Subscriptions  began  April  6,  1918.  and  ended 
May  4;  issued  May  9,  1918;  maturity.  Sept. 
15,  1928;  interest  payable  Sept.  15  and 
March  15;  exemptions  same  as  in  second 
loan;  not  convertible  into  future  issues  and 
not  redeemable  until  maturity. 

Fourth  liberty,  15  and  20  year,  4%  per 
cent  loan— Subscriptions  began  Sept.  28,  1918. 
and  closed  Oct.  18;  issued  Oct.  24,  1918; 
maturity,  Oct.  15,  1933  and  Oct.  15.  1938; 
interest  payable  April  15  and  Oct.  15;  ex- 
emption practically  the  same  as  in  case  of 
second  and  third  loans;  not  convertible  into 
future  issues;  redeemable  at  government's 
option  on  and  after  Oct.  15,  1933. 

Fifth   victory,   3   and  4   year,    3%    and   4% 


per  cent  loan— Subscriptions  began  April  21, 
1919.  and  ended  May  10:  issued  May  20, 
1919;  maturity,  May  20,  1923;  interest 
payable  Dec.  15  and  June  15;  3%  notes  ex- 
empt from  all  except  state  and  inheritance 
taxes;  4%  no  tea  exempt  from  all  except  in- 
heritance, graduated  additional  income  taxes 
or  surtaxes  and  excess  profits  and  war  profits; 
two  series  convertible  and  reconvertible  into 
each  other  before  maturity  or  call  for  re- 
demption; redeemable  after  June  15,  "1922. 
upon  four  months'  notice. 

LIBERTY  LOAN  EXEMPTIONS  FROM  FED- 
ERAL   INCOME    TAXES. 
The  bond  department  of  the  Merchants  Loan 
and  Trust  company  of  Chicago  in  the  fall  of 
1919    prepared    the    following   list    of    liberty 
and    victory     loan    exemptions    from    federal 
income    taxes : 

1.  Any    issue    4%    and   4%%    during 

life    of    bonds    $     5.000 

2.  Any  issue  4%  and  4%%  for   five 

years    after   close   of    war 30,000 

3.  Any  issue  4%   and  4%%  provided 
%    of    amount    is    subscribed    for 

in  victory  loan  notes  and  still  held     20,000 

4.  Fourth   loan  4%%   for  two   years 

after    close    of    war 30,000 

5.  Original  subscriber  holding  $30.000 
4th  loan  4%%  receives   150%  ad- 
ditional   exemption    in    any    other 
issue   of  4%   and  4%%   bonds   for 

two   years  after   close   of    war 45,000 

6.  First   loan  4%%.    2nd   converted. 

for  two  years  after  close   of  war     30,000 

Total   possible   exemption $160.000 

Note— First  loan  3%%  and  victory  loan 
3%%  exempt  from  all  income  taxes.  Victory 
loan  4%%  exempt  from  normal  income  tax 
only. 


AMERICAN   WAR   EXPENSE. 


Secretary  Glass  of  the  treasury  department 
sent  a  communication  July  9.  1919,  to  Sena- 
tor Penrose  of  the  senate  finance  committee 
and  to  Representative  Fordney  a  letter  in 
which  he  set  forth  the  manner  in  which  the 
United  States  provided  the  necessary  finances 
for  taking  part  in  the  world  war  from  April 


6.   1917.   to  June  30. 


In  his  letter  to 


Mr.  Fordney  the  secretary  said: 

"I  take  pleasure  in  handing  you  herewith 
for  your  information  and  that  of  the  com- 
mittee on  ways  and  means  the  following' 
statements: 

"A.  Preliminary  financial  statement  of  the 
United  States  government  for  the  period  from 
April  6.  1917.  to  June  30.  1919. 

"B.  Preliminary  statement  of  the  public 
debt  on  June  30.  1919. 

"C.  Statement  showing  classified  receipts, 
exclusive  of  the  principal  of  the  public  debt, 
by  months  from  April  6.  1917.  to  June  30. 
1919,  as  published  in  daily  treasury  state- 
ments. 

"D.  Statement  showing  classified  disburse- 
ment, exclusive  of  the  principal  of  the  pub- 
lic debt;  by  months  from  April  6.  1917,  to 
June  30,  1919,  as  published  in  daily  treas- 
ury statements. 

"Expenditures  in  the  month  of  June  just 
ended  amounted  in  round  figures  to  $809.- 
000,000,  or  less  than  for  any  month  since 
September.  1917. 

"Expenditures  lor  the  fiscal  year  just 
ended  amounted  to  $18.514.000.000. 

"Expenditures  for  the  war  period  amounted 
to  $32.427.000.000  and  of  these  more  than 
$9.384.000.000,  or  about  29  per  cent,  were 
met  out  of  tax  receipts  and  other  revenues 
than  borrowed  money,  although  payment  of 
nearly  half  of  the  income  and  profits  taxes 


made,     such    payment    being    deferred    until 
the  fiscal  year  1920. 

"In  this  calculation  no  deduction  is  made 
of  expenditures  for  loans  to  the  allies,  which 
on  June  30  amounted  to  $9.102.000.000.  or 
for  other  investments,  such  as  ships,  stocks 
of  the  war  finance  corporation,  bonds  of  the 
federal  land  banks,  etc. 

"If  we  assume  that  the  expenditures  ol 
the  government  on  a  peace  basis  would  have 
been  at  the  rate  of  $1,000.000.000  a  year. 
or  for  the  period  under  discussion  of  nearly 
twenty-seven  months  would  have  equaled 
$2.250.000,000,  then  we  may  estimate  the 
gross  cost  of  the  war  to  June  30,  1919,  at 
$30.177,000.000. 

"The  gross  public  debt  (without  any  de- 
duction for  loans  to  the  allies  or  other  in- 
vestments) amounted  on  June  30.  1919.  t« 
$25.484.000.000.  Of  this  sum  only  $3.634.- 
000.000  was  in  the  form  of  treasury  cer- 
tificates, or  floating  debt.  Of  such  certifi- 
cates more  than  $608,000.000  matured  or 
were  reduced  on  July  1,  1919.  and  were 
paid  out  of  the  net  balance  in  the  general 
fund  on  June  30.  1919,  which  amounted  to 
$1.251.000.000.  Deducting  the  certificate* 
last  referred  to.  the  floating  debt  on  June 
30,  1919,  was  little  more  than  $3,000.000.- 
000.  which  is  roughly  the  estimated  amount 
of  the  deferred  installments  of  the  income 
and  profits  taxes  for  the  fiscal  year  1919 
and  of  the  deferred  installments  of  the 
victory  loan  subscriptions. 

"In  the  announcement  given  to  the  prem 
on  April  14.  1919.  of  the  terms  of  the 
victory  liberty  loan.  I  made  the  following 
statement  with  reference  to  financing  the 
future  requirements  of  the  government: 

"  'This   will    be    the  .last    liberty   loan.      Al- 


*IC7CU  ijr         XlChlJL        VA         V11Y7        UXWBUV        CtlJU        |MVJ*MB         VCfcACTO    *  J.  111D         Will         l_tt_-          LllC         i  rt-3  L         UWBfU         1UCH1.  A.A" 

lor   the   fiscal   year   1919   has   not  ye*   been '  though   aa   the  remaining   war   billa   are   pre- 


534 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


sented  further  borrowing-  must  be  done,  I 
anticipate  that  the  requirements  of  the 
government  in  excess  oi  the  amount  of 
taxes  and  other  incomes  can,  in  view  of  the 
decreasing-  scale  of  expenditure,  be  readily 
financed  by  the  issue  of  treasury  certificates 
from  time  to  time  as  heretofore,  which  may 
be  ultimately  refunded  by  the  issue  of  notes 
or  bonds  without  the  aid  of  another  great 
popular  campaign  such  as  has  characterized 
tho  liberty  loans.' 

"I  confirm  the  statement  above  quoted. 
The  decision  then  taken  has  been  fully  sus- 
tained by  the  experience  of  the  last  three 
months. 

"The  successful  flotation  of  the  victory 
loan  and  the  adjustment  of  the  amount  and 
terms  of  the  issue  have  resulted,  as  I  hoped 
they  would,  in  a  strong-  market  at  about 
par  for  these  notes,  without  the  necessity 
of  government  support,  and  in  an  improving 
market  for  the  bonds  of  the  second,  third 
and  fourth  liberty  loans,  evidenced  not  only 
by  the  firm  market  quotations  but  by  strong- 
undercurrents  of  investment  buying-,  which 
give  reason  for  the  hope  that,  with  the  con- 
tinuance of  favorable  general  conditions, 
there  will  be  consistent  appreciation  in  the 
market  prices  of  these  bonds. 

"I  do  not  now  think  it  will  be  wise  to 
make  any  further  issues  of  long-  term  bonds 
before  the  maturity  or  redemption  of  the 
victory  notes,  when  there  will  have  been 
such  an  interval  in  government  offerings  of 
all  kinds  as  must  inevitably  result  in  marked 
improvement  of  the  market  prices  of  the 
existing-  issues,  with  corresponding-  decreases 
in  the  interest  bases  at  which  they  are  sell- 
ing-, and  consequent  assurance  that  the  gov- 
ernment will  be  able  to  finance  itself  for  a 
longer  period  upon  better  terms. 

"It  is  not  possible  at  this  time,  when  ap- 
propriations for  the  coming-  year  are  under 
consideration  by  the  congress,  when  contract 
claims  by  and  against  the  United  States  are 
still  in  process  of  settlement,  when  demobili- 
zation is  still  incomplete,  when  the  extent 
of  the  liability  on  the  wheat  guaranty  is 
unascertained,  and  when  the  business  upon 
•which  the  income  and  profits  tax  receipts 
in  the  first  half  of  the  calendar  year  1920 
are  to  be  based  is  still  only  half  transacted, 
to  make  a  formal  estimate  of  the  receipts 
and  expenditures  of  the  United  States  during 
the  fiscal  year  1920. 

"But  so  large  a  part  of  the  war  expendi- 
tures has  been  paid  or  provided  for  out  of 
taxes  and  the  issues  of  bonds  or  notes  al- 
ready sold,  and  so  small  a  Dart  is  unfunded, 
that  I  confidently  expect  that  the  government 
will  be  able  not  only  to  meet  its  further 
temporary  requirements  for  the  decreasing 
scale  of  expenditure  by  the  sale  of  treasury 
certificates  of  indebtedness  bearing  interest 
at  the  rate  of  4^  per  cent,  in  moderate 
amounts,  at  convenient  intervals,  when  mar- 
ket conditions  are  favorable,  and  upon  terms 
advantageous  to  the  government. 

"It  will  not  be  desirable  to  fund  all  the 
certificates  of  indebtedness,  for  the  issue  of 
certificates  of  indebtedness  in  anticipation  of 
income  and  profits  tax  installments  not  only 
furnishes  a  means  of  financing  the  require- 
ments of  the  government  temporarily  on  easy 
terms,  but  constitutes  an  almost  necessary 
financial  expedient  to  enable  the  taxpayer 
to  save  and  to  prepare  gradually  for  the 
great  tax  payments,  and  to  relieve  banking 
machinery  of  the  government  of  the  great 
strain  which  would  be  imposed  upon  it  if 
these  tax  installments  had  to  be  paid  on  a 
single  day  without  such  preparation.  *  *  * 
"I  need  scarcely  say  to  you  that  the  reali- 
zation of  these  sanguine  expectations  is  con- 
tingent upon  the  practice  of  the  most  rigid 


economy  by  the  government  and  the  con- 
tinuance of  ample  revenues  from  taxation. 
&ucn  a  course,  accompanied  by  the  practice 
of  sober  economy  and  wise  investment  by 
our  people,  and  strict  avoidance  of  waste 
and  speculation,  will  make  it  possible  for 
the  American  people  to  respond  to  the  de- 
mands to  be  made  upon  them  privately  for 
capital  and  credit  by  the  nations  and  peoples 
of  Europe — demands  which  are  re-enforced  by 
the  strongest  and  most  vital  ties  of  sympa- 
thy for  the  allies  who  fought  and  won  the 
war  with  us,  as  well  as  by  the  most  obvious 
dictates  of  self-interest. 

"I  am  writing  a  similar  letter  to  the  Hon. 
Boies  Penrose,  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  finance. 

"It  haa  seemed  to  me  only  proper  at  the 
end  of  the  last  fiscal  year  of  the  war 
period  to  lay  these  facts  and  opinions  be- 
fore the  committee  on  ways  and  means  and 
the  finance  committee,  which  bear  so  large 
a  measure  of  responsibility  for  the  war  loan 
legislation;  and  to  make  them  public  also, 
since  they  vitally  concern  the  millions  of 
Americans  whose  purchases  of  government 
securities,  and  tax  payments,  made  this  record 
of  war  finance  possible.  CARTER  GLASS." 

RECEIPTS     AND    EXPENDITURES. 
Totals    of    receipts    and    disbursements    for 
the   period   from   April   6.    1917,   to   June  30. 
1919,    on    the   basis    of   daily   treasury   state- 
ments: Receipts. 
Net  balance  in  the  general 

fund  April   5,   1917 $92,317.710.27 

Receipts,   exclusive  of  prin- 
cipal of  public  debt,  April 
6.  1917,  to   June   30,  1919     9.384,278,708.22 
Public   debt   receipts,    April 
6.  1917,   to  June  30,  1919  48.385.572.063.47 

Total 57,862,168,481.96 

Disbursem  ents. 
Disbursements,  exclusive  of 

principal    of    public    debt, 

April    6.     1917.    to    June 

30,     1919     f  32,427.469,054.72 

Public    debt    disbursements, 

April    6.     1917,     to    June 

30,    1919    24,183,034,599.70 

Net  balance  in  the  general 

fund    June    30,    1919 1.251.664.827.54 

Total 57,862,168,481.96 

DEBT  AND  EXPENDITURES. 

These   tables   are  presented  by    the  treasury 
department    under   the    heading,    "Public    debt 
and    expenditures": 
Total   disbursements  for  war 

period      $32.427,469,054.72 

Total  receipts  for  war  pe- 
riod, exclusive  of  princi- 
pal public  debt  9.384.278.708.22 

Excess      of      disbursements 

over      receipts      for      war 

period     23,043,190,346.50 

Total   gross   debt   June   30, 

1919     25,484.506,160.05 

Total    gross    debt    April    5, 

1917     1,281,968,696.28 

Gross  debt  increase  for  war 

period     24,202,537.463.77 

Net  balance  in  the  general 

fund   June   30,    1919 1.251,664,827.54 

Net  balance  in  the  general 

fund    April    5,    1917 92,317,710.27 

Net   increase   in  balance  in 

general    fund    1.159,347.117.27 

Net    debt    increase    for    war 

period     23.043.190.346.50 

RECEIPTS    OUTSIDE    WAR    LOANS. 

Statement  showing  receipts  in  detail  of  the 
United  States  government  exclusive  of  the 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


535 


frindpai    of    the    public    debt,    from    April    6, 
917,   to  June  30.  1919: 
Customs— April     6,      1917,      to 

June    30,    1917    $65,210,500.96 

Fiscal   year   1918 179,998.383.49 

Fiscal  year   1919 184,457.867.39 


Total   since  April  6,    1917, 

to     June     30.     1919 429,666,751.84 

Income   and   profits   tax — 
April    6,    1917,    to    June    30, 

1917     35146,533.426.49 

Fiscal    year    1918 2,314.006,291.84 

Fiscal   year    1919 3,018.783,687.29 


Total     5,479,323,405.62 

Miscellaneous  internal  revenue- 
April    6,    1917,    to    June    30, 

1917     $322,764.537.75 

Fiscal  year  1918 872.028.020.27 

Fiscal  year  1919 1,296,501,291.67 


Total    2,491,293,849.69 

Miscellaneous  revenue- 
April    6.     1917,    to    June    30. 

1917    $31,286.970.82 

Fiscal  year   1918 202.513,814.82 

Fiscal  year   1919 646.139.700.05 


Total     969,940,48569 

Panama  canal — 
April    6,    1917,     to    June    30. 

1917 $1643,271.07 

Fiscal  year  1918 6,036,354.28 

Fiscal  year   1919 6.374.590.03 


Total     14,054.215.38 

The   total   of   all  these  receipts  combined   is 

as  follow*: 

April  6,  1917,  to  April  30, 
1917    -. ' $567,438,707.09 

Fiscal  year   1918 3.664,582,864.70 

Fiscal  year  1919 5,152.257,136.43 


Grand  total    9,384.278.708.22 

TABLE    OF    DISBURSEMENTS. 
Classified  disbursements  of  the  United  States 
g-overnment,   exclusive  of  the  principal  of  the 
public  debt,  from  April  6,   1917,   to  June  30, 
1919. 

Ordinary. 

April  6,   1917,  to  June  30, 

1917     $317,118.665.99 

Fiscal   year    1918 7.874.386.324.91 

Fiscal  year  1919 14.935.848.739.62 


Total    23,127,353,730.52 


Foreign    Loans. 
April  6.   1917.   to  June  30, 

1917    $885.000.000.00 

Fiscal   year   1918 4,738,029,750.00 

Fiscal  year  1919 3.479.255.265.56 

Total 9,102,285.015.56 

Other  Special. 
April  6.   1917,   to  June  30, 

1917     13,767.962. 56 

Fiscal  year   1918 84,286,396.23 

Fiscal  year   1919 99,775,949.85 

Total 197,830.308.64 

The   total    of   these    disbursements   combined 

is  as  follows: 

April  6,   1917,  to   June  30, 

1917      $1.215,886,628.55 

Fiscal   year    1918 12,696.702.471.14 

Fiscal  year   1919 18,514,879.955.03 

Grand  total    32.427,469.054.72 

PUBLIC    DEBT    AND    LIBERTY    LOANS. 
Preliminary  statement  of  the  public  debt  of 

the  United  States  government  June  30.  1919: 
Bonds: 

Consols    of    1930 $599.724.050.00 


Loan  of  1925. 

Panamas  of    1916-36". '.'.".".". '.'. 

Panamas   of   1918-38 

Panamas    of   1961 

Conversion   bonds    

Postal    saving-s   bonds 

Total    ~ 

First    liberty    loan 

Second  liberty  loan 

Third    liberty    loan 

Fourth  liberty  loan 

Total     " 

Total  bonds   

Notes: 
Victory    liberty    loan 

Treasury  certificates: 

Loan    and   tax 

Pittman  act   

Special   issues    


118.489.90000 
48.954.180.00 
25.947.400.  OO 
50.000.000.00 
28,894.500.00 
11.349.960.00 

883,359.990.00 
1,984.796.730.00 
3,566.464.969. OO 
3,958.560.357,50 
6,794.504,557.00 


16,304.326,613.50 
17,187,686,603.60 

3,467,840,956.77 

3,273.000.000.00 
178.723,000.00 
182.494.490.00 


Total    

War  saving's  certificates 
<  net  cash  receipts ) 

Old  debt  on  which  interest 
has  ceased  

Noninterest   bearing-   debt... 


3.634,217,490.00 
956,023,121.45 

2.355,250.26 
236.382,738.07 


Total  gross  debt 25,484.506.160.05 


AMERICAN  AVIATION  ACES. 


Following-  is  an  official  list  of  American 
aviators  who  g-ained  five  or  more  air  victories 
in  the  war.  with  the  number  credited  to  each: 

Capt.  Edward  V.  Rickenbacker.  26.  1334 
East  Livingston  avenue.  Columbus.  O. 

First  Lieut.  Frank  Luke,  Jr.  (deceased). 
18.  2200  West  Monroe  s.reet.  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Maj.-  Victor  Raoul  Lufbery  (deceased), 
17.  Dieppe,  France. 

First  Lieut.  David  E.  Putnam  (deceased), 
12.  47  Eng-lewood  avenue,  Brookline.  Mass. 

Maj.  Reed  G.  Landis,  12.  Hotel  Winder- 
mere.  Chicag-o,  111. 

First  Lieut.  Fields  Kinley,  10,  Grave  tte. 
Ark. 

First  Lieut.  George  A.  Vaughn,  Jr.,  10, 
441  Washing-ton  avenue.  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

First  Lieut.  Jacques  Michael  Swaab.  10. 
Sixteenth  and  Diamond  streets.  Philadelphia. 

First  Lieut.  Thomas  G.  Cassady,  9.  (No 
home  address.) 

First  Lieut.  Chester  E.  Wright.  9,  41 
Dana  Hall,  Cambridge,  Mass. 


First  Lieut.  William  P.  Erwin.  9.  814 
Fine  Arts  building,  Chicago,  111. 

Capt.   Elliott   W.   Springs.   9,   Lancaster,    Pa 

First  Lieut.  Henry  R.  Clay,  Jr.,  8.  1703 
Summit  avenue.  Forth  Worth.  Tex. 

Maj.  James  A.  Meissner,  8,  45  Lenox 
road,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

Capt.  Hamilton  Coolidge  (deceased),  8.  10 
West  place.  Boston.  Mass. 

Capt.  G.  DeFreest  Larner,  8,  Highland 
apartments,  Washington.  D.  C. 

First  Lieut.  Paul  Frank  Baer,  8,  1304 
Maud  street.  Fort  Wayne.  Ind. 

First  Lieut.  Frank  O.  D.  Hunter,  8,  21S 
Gaston  street,  Savannah,  Ga. 

First  Lieut.  Wilbert  Wallace  White  (de- 
ceased). 8.  541  Lexington  avenue.  New 
York  city. 

Second  Lieut.  Clinton  Jones,  8,  2617 
Buchanan  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Capt.  Reid  M.  Chambers,  7.  276  Monro* 
street.  Memphis,  Tenn. 

First    Lieut.    Harvey    Cook,     7,    Toledo.     O. 


536 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


First  Lieut.  Lansing-  C.  Holden.  7,  103 
Park  avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

First  Lieut.  Karl  Harold  J.  Schoen  (de 
ceased),  7,  5001  College  avenue,  Indianap- 
olis, Ind. 

First  Lieut.  Wendel  A.  Robertson,  7,  Fort 
Smith,  Ark. 

First  Lieut.  Leslie  J.  Rummell,  7,  798 
South  Eleventh  street,  Newark,  N.  J. 

First  Lieut.  Lloyd  A.  Hamilton  (deceased), 
7,  Burlington.  Vt. 

First  Lieut.  Jesse  O.  Creech,  6,  6614  Har- 
lan  place,  Takoma  Park,  Wash. 

Second  Lieut.  Howard  Burdick,  6,  175 
Remsen  street.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

First  Lieut.  Clayton  L.  Bissell.  6.  114 
Janeway  street.  Kane.  Pa. 

Maj.  Harold  E.  Hartney,  6,  care  of  R 
Hartney,  Esq.,  Saskatoon,  Sask.,  Canada. 

Capt.  Douglas  Campbell,  6.  Lick  Observa- 
tory, Mount  Hamilton,  Cal. 

Capt.  Jerry  Cox  Vasconcelles.  6,  1925  East 
llth  avenue,  Denver.  Col. 

Capt.  Edgar  Gardner  Tobin,  6,  San  An- 
tonio, Tex. 

First  Lieut.  E.  P.  Curtis.  6,  8  North. 
Goodman  street,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

First  Lieut.  Sumner  Sewell,  6.  (No  ad- 
dress.) 

First  Lieut.  Ralph  A.  O'Neill,  6.  218 
Sonoita  street.  Negates,  Ariz. 

First  Lieut.  Donald  Hudson,  6,  4119  Wal- 
nut street,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

First  Lieut.  Murray  K.  Guthrie,  6,  Mo- 
bile, Ala. 

First  Lieut.  William  H.  Stovall,  6,  Sto- 
rall.  Miss. 

First  Lieut.  James  D.  Beane  (missing-  in 
action).  6,  Concord,  Mass. 

First  Lieut.  Arthur  R.  Brooks,  6,  New 
Kendall  hotel,  Framingham,  Mass. 

First  Lieut.  Robert  O.  Lindsay,  6,  Madi- 
son, N.  C. 

First  Lieut.  Martinus  Stenseth,  6,  Twin 
Valley,  Minn. 

Second  Lieut.  Frank  K.  Hays,  6,  2000 
West  101st  place,  Chicago,  111. 

First  Lieut.  Howard  C.  Klotts,  5.  (No 
address.) 

Lieut.-Col.  William  Thaw.  5.  care  of 
Equitable  Trust  company.  123  Rue  de  la  Paix. 
Paris  France;  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Maj.  David  McK.  Peterson,  5,  Honesdale, 
Pa. 

Capt.  H.  R.  Buckley,  5,  Federal  street, 
Agawan,  Mass. 

Maj.  Charles  J.  Biddle,  5,  505  Chestnut 
street,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

First  Lieut.  James  Knowles,  5,  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

First  Lieut.  James  A.  Healey,  5,  361 
Union  Street,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

First  Lieut.  Innes  Potter,  5.  (No  ad- 
dress.) 

First  Lieut.  Francis  M.  Symonds.  5,  20 
West  8th  street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

First  Lieut.  Joseph  Fritz  Wehner  (de- 
ceased), 5.  124  East  28th  street.  New  York. 

First  Lieut.  John  J.  Seerley,  5,  5747  Uni- 
versity avenue,  Chicago,  HI. 

First  Lieut.  Edward  M.  Haight,  5,  As- 
toria, N.  Y. 

First  Lieut.  Harold  H.  George,  5,  421 
Jefferson  avenue,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

First  Lieut.  George  W.  Furlow.  5,  504 
West  College  street,  Rochester,  Minn. 

First  Lieut.  Arthur  E.  Esterbrook.  5 
(Maj.  E.  P.  Esterbrook),  Fort  Flagler.  Wash. 

First  Lieut.  Byrne  V.  Bancom.  5,  Mil- 
ford,  Tex. 

Second  Lieut.  Harold  McArthur.  6.  (No 
address. ) 

Second  Lieut.  J.  Sidney  Owens,  5.  15  For- 
rest Vieco  avenue,  Raspburg  postoffice,  Bal- 
timore county.  Md. 


AVIATION  LOSSES   IN   THE   WAR. 

American. 

Casualties  in  the  United  States  air  service 
personnel,  serving  with  the  armies  of  the 
United  States  and  the  allies  at  the  front,  num- 
bered 554.  Of  the  total.  171  men  were  killed 
in  combat.  135  were  taken  prisoners,  129 
wounded,  73  missing.  42  killed  in  accidents 
and  four  met  their  deaths  from  other  causes. 
The  record  by  months  shows  the  rapid  rise  in 
casualties  as  the  American  flyers  began  to  get 
into  action.  It  follows:  March.  1918.  2;  April. 
0:  May,  27;  June.  29:  August.  65:  September, 
181;  Ootober.  125:  November  to  the  llth.  43. 

In  a  statement  issued  by  the  war  department 
in  Washington  June  5.  1919.  these  figures  were 
given,  the  killed  including  training  casualties 
and  deaths  from  accident  and  the  missing  in- 
cluding also  prisoners:  Killed.  509.  or  50  per 
cent  of  the  total:  wounded.  241.  or  23  per 
cent:  missing.  277.  or  27  per  cent  of  the 
actual  casualties  of  American  airmen. 

French. 

Statistics  of  the  losses  in  French  aviation  in 
the  war  showed  that  this  branch  of  the  French 
army  had  proportionately  the  heaviest  casual- 
'ties  of  any  of  the  services.  The  numb?r 
killed  was  1.945.  This  included  pilots  and  ob- 
servers. In  the  battle  zone  1.461  were  missing 
and  2.922  were  wounded.  In  the  interior  zone 
1.927  were  lost.  The  total  loss  was  7.757.  or 
61  per  cent  of  the  total  effectives.  The  total 
number  of  airmen  in  the  French  aviation  serr- 
ice  Dec.  1.  1918.  was  19.219. 

British. 

The  British  aviation  casualties  were:  Killed, 
2.680.  or  36  per  cent:  wounded.  2.988.  or 
40  per  cent;  missing,  1,837.  or  23  per  cent. 
The  casualties  include  both  those  .killed  in 
combat  and  those  killed  in  accidents. 

STRENGTH  OF  ARMIES  ON  WESTERN 
FRONT. 

In  February,  1919,  the  statistics  branch 
of  the  American  expeditionary  force  gen- 
eral staff  gave  the  rifle  strength  of  the  al- 
lied and  German  armies  on  the  western  front 
from  April  1  to  Nov.  1,  1918,  by  months, 
as  follows: 
Date.  Allies.  German. 

Apr.     1 1.245,000          1,569,000 

May     1...  .   1,343.000  1,600,000 

June    1 1,496,000          1,639.000 

July     1...  .    1,556,000  1.412.000 

Aug.     1 1,672,000  1.395,000 

Sept.    1 1.682.000  1.339.000 

Oct.     1 1,594.000  1.223.000 

Nov.    1 1,485,000  866,000 

By  "rifle  strength"  is  meant  the  "number 
of  men  standing  in  the  trench  ready  to  go 
over  with  the  bayonet."  There  are  12,250 
rifles  in  an  American  division. 


AMERICAN  TROOPS   IN   GERMANY. 

The  American  troops  remaining  in  the  oc- 
cupied part  of  Germany  after  Sept.  30,  1919. 
consisted  of  the  following  units:  ; 

Unit.  Officers.    Men.  • 

8th    infantry     114     3,720 

7th  machine  gun  battalion 16         379 

2d  battalion.    6th   F.   A 20         620  j 

35th    field    signal    battalion 15         473  I 

1st    supply  train    16        485.. 

1st  mobile  ordnance  repair  shop..        3  45  • 

Company    A,    1st    engineers 6         250  j 

Field    hospital    No.    13 6  82  f 

Ambulance   company  No.   26 5         153  V 

Total    .     .  ..   201     6,207 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


637 


FINAL    FIGURES    ON   AMERICAN    CASUALTIES  IN  THE  WAR. 


The  war  department  on  Sept.  1  issued  its 
final  report  on  the  casualties  of  the  Amer- 
ican army  in  the  European  war.  These  in- 
cluded casualties  in  th«  Archang-el  and  Vladi- 
vostok expeditions  and  were  as  follows: 

Killed    in    action 35,585 

Died    of    wounds    14,742 

Total    battle   deaths    50.327 

Died    of    disease    58.073 

Died   from    accident,   etc 8.092 

Total   all    deaths    116,492 

Wounded  in  action   ..  ..   205,690 


Total    casualties    322,182 

Note — Under  the  head  of  "missing1"  the  de- 
partment announced  that  all  had  been  ac- 
counted for  and  that  no  one  belong-ed  under 
that  classification. 

CASUALTY  RATES  BY  ARM  OF  SERVICE. 

Based  on  the  final  returns  of  the  central 
records  office  the  battle  deaths  and  wounded 
are  measured  agrainst  the  total  number  of 
troops  in  each  service  reaching-  France. 


Dead 
Service.                        < 
Marines    
Infantry  and  M.  G...C 
Tank    corps 

ind  wounded.      Per  : 
3fcrs.    Men.  Ofcrs. 
350       9.806  402.3 
.982211,119330.2 
50          354    82.0 
328          187    57.5 
290      8.237    523 
592    11,557    47.3 
4          154    29.4 
41       1.817    2o.8 
11           376     19.0 
62          313    15.6 
5             40    15.2 
161       1.656    10.4 
8          218      8.1 

.000. 
Men. 
313.7 
262.8 
38.4 
2.5 
43.2 
33.5 
43.5 
50.4 
24.0 
31.fi 
6.4 
12.6 
7.3 

Brit 

i: 

; 

2' 

( 
fr 
1< 

5( 

2" 

sei 
ba 
5 
45 
on 
off 
kil 

fiC( 

•J 

Ag 
Fe 

CUI 

cer 
19 

lin. 
J 
5 
7 
5 
t 
) 
) 

r 

Engineer    and   gas  .  .  . 
Artillery  and  am.  tr. 
Antiaircraft    

Signal    
Police  and  hdqrs.  tr. 
Headquarters 

Cavalry    .... 

Medical 

Motor   transport    
Battle   ships    

Battle    cruisers    

Cruisers     

Monitors 

Destroyers    

Torpedo  boats 

tubmarines    

mall  craft  .. 

Dead  and  wounded.     Per  1.000. 
Service.  Ofcrs.    Men.  Ofcrs.  Men. 

Quartermaster   10          128       1.8         .7 

Pioneer  infantry   4          299       1.7      3.6 

Ordnance     29   1.4 

UNITED    STATES    MARINE    CORPS 

CASUALTIES. 

Reported  by  Maj.-Gen.  Commandant  Barnett, 
March    24.    1919. 

Officers.  Men. 

Killed  in    action    48     1,459 

Died    of    wounds    29         694 

Died  of  disease  18         260 

Accidentally  killed   1  4 

Died    (other  causes)    2  3 


Total. 

1,507 

723 

278 

5 

5 


Total    98  2,420  2,518 

Wounded   (severely)    92  1.950  2,042 

Wounded    (slightly)     578  578 

Wounded     (undetermined)  ..146  5,810  5,956 

Total  238  8^338  8,576 

Missing  215  215 

Total  casualties  11.309 

BATTLE  DEATHS  OF  OFFICERS. 

Of  the  11.000  regular  army  officers  who 
served  in  the  war  148  died  on  the  field  of 
battle.  This  number  included  1  greneral  officer. 
5  colonels.  11  lieutenant-colonels,  16  majors, 
45  captains,  55  first  lieutenants  and  15  sec- 
ond lieutenants.  Of  the  189.000  emergency 
officers  who  served  in  the  war,  2,043  were 
The  deaths  per  1.000  of  regular  of- 
ficers were  13.5  and  of  emergency  officers  10.8. 

NAVAL  VESSELS  LOST  IN  THE  WAR. 

The  following:  figures  obtained  by  Router's 
Agency  from  an  authoritative  source  in  Paris. 
Feb.  28.  1919.  show  the  total  war  losses  in- 
curred by  the  navies  of  the  allies  and  the 
central  powers  in  the  period  between  Aug.  1. 
1914.  and  Nov.  11.  1918: 


Total  tonnage    550.000 


France. 

4 


14 
8 
14 
9 
11 0.000 


Italy. 
3 


Japan. 

1 


Total  for  all   the  allies— 803.000   tons. 


8 

76.000         50!000 


U.S. 

*i 


i 

17,000 


Germany. 

1 

1 

24 


Battle  ships   

Battle    cruisers    .... 

Cruisers    , 

Monitors     

Destroyers    72 

Torpedo   boats    61 

Submarines    205 

Total    tonnage 350.000 


Austria- 
Hungary. 
3 

'2 
3 
5 

4 

65.000 


Total  for  the  central  powers — 415,000  tons. 

These  figures  include  vessels  lost  through 
accident  as  well  as  those  sunk  throug-h  enemy 
action.  This  fact  accounts  for  the  large  num- 
ber of  battle  ships  figuring-  in  Great  Britain's 
losses. 

The  total  casualties  in  the  British  navy  were 
39,766.  of  whom  33.361  were  killed  or  died 
from  wounds  and  other  causes. 


SCUTTLING  OF  GERMAN 

Moat  of  the  German  warships  surrendered  to 
the  allies  under  the  terms  of  the  armistice  and 
delivered  to  the  British  Nov.  20.  21.  24  ajid 
Dec.  1.  1918.  were  sunk  by  the  German  offi- 
cers and  crews  aboard  on  June  21.  1919.  In 
accordance  with  the  armistice,  ships  had  been 
interned  with  skeleton  crews  and  with  no 
British  guards  aboard.  Immediately  after  the 
surrender  they  were  taken  to  Scapa  Flow,  a 
landlocked  harbor  in  the  Orkney  islands,  about 
200  miles  north  of  Edinburgh.  Scotland.  Ac- 
cording to  a  statement  made  subsequently  by 
the  British  admiralty  ten  battleships  were 


FLEET  IN    SCAPA  FLOW. 

sunk,  one  (the  Baden)  remaining  afloat:  five 
light  cruisers  were  sunk  and  three  beached: 
thirty  destroyers  were  sunk,  eighteen  were 
beached  and  two  remained  afloat. 

Admiral  von  Reuter  of  the  German  navy, 
who  was  in  charge  of  the  shii  3.  admitted  that 
he  had  given  orders  to  sink  the  ship*.  His 
excuse  was  that  he  thought  the  armistice  had 
been  terminated  and  that  he  acted  in  obedi- 
ence to  orders  given  by  the  emperor  early  in 
the  war  that  no  German  warship  should  be 
surrendered.  He  was  placed  under  arrest  and 
the  men  under  him  were  interned  until  the 


538 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


responsibility  for  the  affair  could  be  placed.  It 
was  agreed  later  that  the  German  government 
must  make  reparation  for  the  sinking  of  the 

^Th'ere  was  from  the  first  a  division  of  opin- 
ion as  to  the  disposition  of  the  captured  Ger- 
man warships,  some  being  in  favor  of  sinking 
them  all  in  the  ocean,  while  others  thought 
they  should  be  retained  and  allotted  propor- 
tionately to  the  allied  powers.  No  conclusion 
had  been  reached  by  the  peace  conference  at 
the  time  when  the  Germans  took  matters  into 
their  own  hands.  The  vessels  surrendered  to 
the  British  Nov.  21.  1918.  were: 
Battle  ships-Friedrich  der  Grosse. 

Koenig  Albert. 

Kaiser. 

Kronprinz  Wilhelm. 

Kaiserin. 

Bayern. 

Markgraf. 

Prinzregent   Luitpold.  

CASUALTIES    IN    PARIS    BOMBARDMENT. 

Official  statistics  published  early  in  1919 
showed  that  in  the  various  bombardments 
from  the  air  and  by  the  long  range  gun  from 
the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  war  the  Ger- 
mans killed  522  and  wounded  1.223  persons  in 
Paris  and  it*  suburbs.  The  number  of  pro- 
jectiles that  fell  on  the  city  was  1-049  The 
casualties  caused  by  airplane  bombs  and  gun 
shell*  were  divided  as  follows: 

Proi  ectiles  .Killed  .Wounded . 
Airplanes  and  Zeppelins.  746  266  603 
Long  distance  shells 303 

Total 1,049       522       1,223 

The  raids  by  airplane*  and  Zeppelins  con- 
tinued more  or  less  frequently  throughout  the 

war.      The   bombardment   by   the    long   range 

*un  began  March  23,  1918  and  ended  Aug.. 9. 

the  same  year.     The  days  on  which  casualties 

from  the  shelling1  occurred  were: 
Date  Killed.    Wounded. 

March   23 15 

March    24 11 

March    25 1 

March    29 88 

March    30 10 

March   31 1 

April    1 8 

April   2 

April    6 • 

April    11 9 

April    12 .2 

April    16 17 

April    25 1 


3 

21 

14 

114 


Grosser  Kurfuerst. 
Battle  Cruisers— Seydlitz. 

Derfflinger. 

Von   der  Tann. 

Hindenburg. 

Moltke. 
Light  Cruisers— Karlsruhe. 

Frankfort. 

Emden. 

Nuernberg. 

Brummer. 

Koeln. 

Bremse. 

On  Dec.  4,  1918.  to  make  up  for  deficiencies 
in  the  list  of  the  ships  surrendered,  the  bat- 
tle ship  Koenig,  the  light  cruiser  Dresden  and  a 
destroyer  were  turned  over  and  on  Jan.  10. 
1919,  the  Baden  battleship  was  sent  to  tike 
the  place  of  the  battle  cruiser  Mackensen 
which  had  not  reached  Scapa  Flow. 

Fifty  destroyers  of  the  latest  type  and  114 
submarines  were  surrendered. 

AMERICAN    MERCHANT    VESSELS  SUNK 
BY  ENEMY. 

Prior  to   April   6,    1917.  Gross 

No.  tons. 

Torpedoed    6  25,988 

Mined    5  11,579 

Gunfire,   etc 8  29.576 


Total     19          67,143 

April  6,  1917,  to  Nov.  11.  1918. 

Gross 
No.  tons. 

Torpedoed     45       190.357 

Mined     2  8.116 

Gunfire,  etc 79         88,833 

Total    126        287.306 

Grand  total   145        354.449 

In  the  destruction  of  these  vessels  a  total 
of  775  lives  were  lost— 703  by  torpedoes.  38 
by  gunfire  and  34  by  drifting  mines.  Sixty- 
seven  lives  were  lost  prior  to  April  6,  1917, 
when  America  entered  the  war. 


TRANSPORTATION  OF  U.  S.  TROOPS 
TO  EUROPE. 

Vessels     Troopi 
Month.  sailed.      carried. 


Ma£ 
•Mav 

28  

1 

May 
May 
June 
June 

29  
30  
3  
4  

r.v.v::::::1! 

June 

7  

..   1 

June 
June 

8  
9  

3 
1 

June 

10  

ftS 

15  
16  

...:  3 

Aug. 

5  

32 

Aug 

6  

8 

Aug 

7  

7 

Aug. 

8  

1 

Aug. 

9  

3 

Total     256  620 

"  T/he  heaviest  loss  of  life  in  one  place  was  in 
the  church  of  St.  Gervais  in  the  Place  Lobau 
tack  of  the  hotel  de  ville  or  city  hall.  It 
was  Good  Friday  (March  29)  and  services  were 
in  progress  when  a  shell  pierced  the  roof, 
killing  and  wounding  many  of  the  worshipers. 


May.  1917.. 

June,  1917.. 

I  July.  1917 

[Aug.,  1917 

I  Sept.,  1917 

Oct..   1917 

Nov..  1917 

Dec..  1917 

Jan..  1918.. 

Feb..  1918 

Mar..  1918 

April.  1918 

May.  1918 

June, 

July, 

Aug.. 

Sept.. 


5 

18 
15 
17 
27 
24 
19 


22 
45 


141 

1918...... 128 

1918 , 147 

1918 - 140 

1918 129 

1918 127 

1918 24 


1,543 
15.091 
12.876 
19.40S 
33.588 
40.027 
23.728 
48.815 
48.055 
49.230 
85.710 
120.072 
247.714 
280.434 
311.359 
286. 37i 
259.670 
184.06* 
12.124 


Oct.. 

Nov..  

Total    1.142  2.079.880 

Of  the  American  troops  transported  acroM 
the  Atlantic  in  1917  and  1918  912.082  were 
carried  on  United  States  naval  transports,  and 
40.499  on  other  United  State*  vessels,  or  46% 
per  cent  of  the  total.  British  vessels  carried 
1,006.987  or  48%  per  cent,  while  the  re- 
mainder of  the  troops  were  carried  on  British- 
leased  Italian  vessels  (3  per  cent)  and  oth«r 
vessels  (2*£  per  cent).  Classified  according  to 
the  nationality  of  the  naval  escort  the  United 
States  carried  1,720.360  troops,  or  82%  per 
cent:  the  British.  297.903.  or  14%.  and  the 
French  61.617.  or  3%  per  cent. 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


539 


CHRONOLOGY   OF   THE   WORLD    WAR. 


1914. 
June    28— Archduke     Francis     Ferdinand    and 

wife  assassinated  in  Sarajevo.  Bosnia. 
July     28 — Austria-Hungary     declares     war     on 

Serbia. 

Aug.  1— Germany  declares  war  on  Russia:  gen- 
eral mobilization  begun. 
Aug.  3 — Germany  declares  war  on  France. 
Aug.  4 — State    of    war   between    Great   Britain 

and  Germany  is  declared:   Germany  declares 

war   on  Belgium. 
Aug.  8— Germans  capture  Liege. 
Aug.  20— German  troops  enter  Brussels. 
Aug.   23 — Japan    declares     war     on     Germany: 

Russians   victorious  in  East  Prussia. 
Aug.  26— Large  part  of  Lou  vain  destroyed  by 

Germans. 
Aug.  28— British  win  naval  battle  near  Helgo- 

Aug.  29— Germans  inflict  heavy  defeat  on  Rus- 
sians at  Allenstein:  Germans  occupy  Amiens. 

Sept.  1 — Germans  win  decisive  victory  at  Tan- 
nenberg.  East  Prussia:  cross  the  Marne  in 
France. 

Sept.  2— Lemberg  captured  by  Russians:  seat 
of  French  government  transferred  from  Paris 
to  Bordeaux. 

Sept.  5— England.  France  and  Russia  sign  com- 
pact not  to  conclude  peace  separately. 

Sept.  6— Allies  win  battle  of  Marne. 

Sept.  7 — Germans  retreat  from  the  Marne:  cap- 
ture Maubeuge. 

Sept.  7-10— Germans  retreat  to  the  Aisne. 

Sept.  14— Battle  of  Aisne  begins:  pursuit  by 
allies  halted. 

Sept.  15— First  battle  of  Soissons  fought. 

Sept.  18— Germans  bombard  Reims  and  dam- 
age cathedral. 

Sept.  19— Battle  of  Aisne  develops  into  con- 
tinuous trench  fighting. 

Sept.  20 — Russians  capture  Jaroslau  and  begin 
siege  of  Przemysl. 

Sept.  22— British  cruisers  Cressy.  Aboukir  and 
Hogue  torpedoed  and  sunk  in  the  North  sea. 

Oct.  9-10— Germans  capture  Antwerp. 

Oct.  12— Germans  capture  Ghent. 

Oct.  20— Fighting  along  Yser  river  begins. 

Oct.  29 — Turkey  begins  war  on  Russia. 

Nor.  1 — British  cruisers  Good  Hope  and  Mon- 
mouth  sunk  off  coast  of  Chile. 

Nov.  7— Tsingtao  captured  by  Japanese. 

NOT.  9 — German  cruiser  Emden  destroyed. 

Dec.  8— German  cruisers  sunk  near  Falkland 
islands  by  British  fleet. 

Dec.  9— French  government  officials  return  to 
Paris. 

Dec.  14— Belgrade  recaptured  by  Serbians. 

Dec.  17— Britain  formally  assumes  a  protec- 
torate over  Egypt. 

Dec.  25— Italy  occupies  Avlona.  Albania. 
1915. 

Jan.  1 — British  battle  ship  Formidable  sunk. 

Jan.   11 — Heavy  fighting  northeast  of  Soissons. 

Jan.  24-rBritish  win  naval  battle  In  North 
sea.  sinking  the  German  cruiser  Bluecher 
and  damaging  two  other  cruisers. 

Feb.  11— Germans  evacuate  Lodz. 

Feb.  12 — Germans  drive  Russians  from  posi- 
tions in  East  Prussia,  taking  26.000  pris- 
oners. 

Feb.  19— British  and  French  fleets  bombard 
Dardanelles  forts. 

March  1 — Premier  Asquith  announces  blockade 
by  allies  of  all  German.  Austrian  and  Turk- 
ish ports. 

March  10— Battle  of  Neuve  Chapelle  begins. 

March  14 — German   cruiser  Dresden  sunk. 

March  18— British  battle  ships  Irresistible  and 
Ocean  and  French  battle  ship  Bouvet  sunk 
in  Dardanelles  strait. 

March  22— Fortress  of  Przemysl  surrenders  to 
Rriteians. 

April  23— Germans  force  way  across  Ypres 
canal  at  Steenstraate  and  Het  Sas. 

May  2 — Austro-Hungarian    and    German   forces 


repulse  Russians  along  the  entire  front  of 
Malatow,  Gorlice,  Gromik  and  north  of  these 
places  in  West  Galicia. 

May  7— Liner  Lusitania  torpedoed  and  sunk  by 
German  submarine. 

May  23 — Italy  formally  declares   war  on  Aus* 

tria  and  orders  mobilization  of  army. 
June  3-7-PrzemyBl  recaptured  by  Germans  and 

Austrians. 

June  22 — Germans  and  Austrians  capture  Lena* 
berg. 

July  3 — Tolmino  falls  into  hands  of  Italians. 

July  29— Warsaw  evacuated:  Lublin  captured 
by  Austrians. 

Aug.  2— Germans  occupy  Mitau. 

Aug.  3-9— Battle  of  Hooge. 

Aug.  4 — Germans  occupy  Warsaw. 

Aug.  5— Ivangorod  taken  by  Germans. 

Aug.  6— British  land  at  Suvla  bay.  Gallipoli. 

Aug.  17 — Germans  capture  Kovno. 

Aug.   19-20— Germans  take  Novo  Georgievsk. 

Aug.  26— Germans  take  Brest-Litovsk. 

Sept.  2 — Germans  capture  Grodno. 

Sept.  5— Grand  Duke  Nicholas  sent  to  the  Cau- 
casus. 

Sept.  8 — Russians  stop  Germans  at  Tarnopol. 

Sept.  19— Germans  capture  Vilna. 

Sept.  20— Austrians  and  Germans  begin  driv« 
on  Serbia. 

Sept.  25-30— Battle  of  the  Champagne. 

Oct.  9-10— Austro-Germans  capture  Belgrade. 

Oct.  12— Edith  Cavell  executed  by  Germans. 

Oct.   13 — Bulgaria  declares  war  on  Serbia. 

Oct.  22— Bulgarians  occupy  Uskub. 

Nov.  7 — Italian   liner  Ancona   sunk. 

Nov.  22 — British  victory  near  Bagdad. 

Nov.  30— Bulgarians  take  Prizrend. 

Dec.   1— British  retreat  from  near  Bagdad. 

Dec.  8-9— Allies  defeated  in  Macedonia. 

Dec.  15 — Sir  John  Douglas  Haig  succeeds  Sir 
John  French. 

Dec.  27-30 — Heavy  Russian  offensive  in  Galicia 
and  Bessarabia. 

Dec.  30— Liner  Persia  sunk  in  Mediterranean. 
1916. 

Jan.  6 — Russians  capture  Czartorysk. 

Jan.  8— British  troops  at  Kut-el-Amara  stir- 
rounded. 

Jan.  9 — British  evacuate  Gallipoli  peninsula. 

Jan.  10 — Austrians  capture  Mount  Lovcen  in 
Montenegro;  predreadnought  King  Edward 
VII.  sunk. 

Jan.  13 — Cetinje.  capital  of  Montenegro,  cap- 
tured by  Austrians. 

Jan.  23 — Scutari,  capital  of  Albania,  captured 
by  Austrians. 

Feb.  15— Erzerum  captured  by  the  Russians. 

Feb.  21 — Germans    under    crown    prince 
attack  on  Verdun  defenses. 

Feb.  26 — Germans  capture  Fort  Douaumont: 
French  transport  La  Provence  sunk. 

March  2 — Bitlis    captured   by   Russians. 

March  16 — Admiral   von   Tirpitz   resigns. 

March  24 — Sussex  torpedoed  and  sunk. 

April  5-7— Battle  of  St.  Eloi. 

April  17 — Trebizond  captured  by  Russians. 

April  18 — President  Wilson  sends  final  not*  to 
Germany. 

April  19— President  Wilson  explains  diplomatic 
situation  in  speech  before  congress  in  joint 
session. 

April  24 — Insurrection  in  Dublin. 

April  29— British  force  at  Kut-el-Amara  §nr- 
renders  to  the  Txjrks. 

April  30— Irish    insurrection    suppressed. 

May  3 — Several  leaders  of  Irish  revolt  exe- 
cuted. 

May  15— Austrians  begin  offensive  against  Ital- 
ians in  Trentino. 

May  31 — Great  naval  battle   off  Danish   coast. 

June  3— Germans  assail  British  at  Ypres:  Rus- 
sians under  Gen.  Brussiloff  begin  successful 
offensive. 

June  5— Lord  Kitchener  lost  with  cruiser  Hamp- 
shire. 


640 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


June  6— Italians  stop  enemy  in  Trentino. 

June  11— Russians  capture  Dubno. 

June  18— Russians  capture  Czernowitz. 

June  25— Gen.  Brussiloff  s  army  completes  pos- 
session of  Bukowina. 

July  1— Battle  of  Somme  begins. 

July  25— Erzingan  captured  by  the  Russians. 

July  26— Pozieres  taken  by  British. 

July  27— British  take  Delville  wood:  Serbs  be- 
g-in attack  on  Bulgars  in  Macedonia. 

Aug..  2— French  take  Fleury. 

Aug-.  3— Sir  Roger  Casement  executed  for  trea- 

Autr.  '5— British  win  victory  north  of  Pozieres. 

Aug.  9— Italians  take  Goritz  by  assault. 

Aug-.   15— Russians  capture  Jablonitza. 

Aug    18— Serbs  capture  Fiorina  from  Bulgars. 

Aug.  24— French  take  Maurepas. 

Aug.  27— Italy  declares  war  against  Germany. 

Aug.  28— Roumania  declares  war  against  Aus- 
tria-Hungary. 

Aug.  30— Roumanians  take  Kronstadt  in  Tran- 
sylvania: Bulgars  seize  Drama. 

Sept.  2— Roumanians  take  Orsova  and  Her- 
mannstadt. 

Sept.  3— Allies  take  Guillemont  and  Clery. 

Sept.  7— Germans  capture  Tutrakan. 

Sept.  9— French  recapture  Fort  Douaumont. 

Sept.  10— German-Bulgar  forces  take  Silistria. 

Sept.  15— British  take  Flers.  Martinpuich  and 
Courcelette:  French  reach  outskirts  of  Ran 
court. 

Sept.  17— French     take     Vermandovillers     and 

Sept.  25— British  capture  Morval  and  Les 
Bo3ufs. 

Sept.  26— French  and  British  take  Combles: 
British  take  Thiepval  and  Guedecqurt. 

Sept.  28 — Venizelos  proclaims  provisional  gror- 
ernment  in  Greece:  to  aid  allies. 

Sept.  30— Germans  defeat  Roumanians  at  Her- 
mannstadt. 

Oct.  8— Germans  recapture  Kronstadt  from 
Roumanians. 

Oct.  11 — Germans  defeat  Roumanians  in  Alt 
valley  and  begin  invasion  of  Roumania. 

Oct.  18— Italians  win  victory  on  Carso  plateau. 

Oct.  28 — Germans  capture  Constanza. 

Oct.  24 — Germans  take  Predeal. 

Oct.  25— Germans    capture    Vulcan   pass. 

Nov.  3— French  reoccupy  Fort  Vaux. 

Nov.  12— French  take  all  of  Saillisel. 

Nov.  13— British  win  battle  of  Ancre. 

Nov.  19 — Monastir  taken  by  Serbs.  French 
and  Italians. 

Nov.  24— Germans  capture  Orsova  and  Turnu- 
Severin. 

Nov.  25— Venizelist  provisional  government  in 
Greece  declares  war  on  Germany. 

Nov.  28— Seat  of  Roumanian  government  re- 
moved from  Bukharest  to  Jassy. 

Dec.  3— Battle  of  Argesu   won  by   Germans. 

Dec.  6— British  cabinet  resigns. 

Dec.  6 — Bukharest  occupied  by  German  forces. 

Dec.  10— New  British  cabinet  formed  with 
David  Lloyd  George  at  its  head. 

Dec.  11— Italian  battle  ship  Regina  Margherita 
sunk. 

Dec.  12— Germany  proposes  peace  negotiations. 

Dec.  15— French  recapture  Vacherauville. 
Louvemont  and  Fort  Hardaumont. 

Dec.  18— President  Wilson  sends  note  to  bel- 
ligerent nations  asking  them  to  make  known 
their  peace  terms  and  to  neutral  nations 
suggesting  that  they  support  America's  ac- 
tion. 

Dec.  27— Rimnik  Sarat  taken  by  Germans. 

Dec.  28 — Germany  replies  to  President  Wilson 
saying  a  direct  exchange  of  views  would  be 
best  way  to  bring  about  peace:  gives  no 
terms. 

Dec.  30— Allies  make  joint  reply  to  Germany's 
peace  proposal  rejecting-  it  as  a  war 
maneuver. 


1917. 

Jan.  5 — Germans  capture  Braila. 

Jan.  7— Russians  take  offensive  along  Seretfc 
river. 

Jan.  8 — Germans  capture  Focsani   fortress. 

Jan.  9— British  battle  ship  Cornwallis   sunk. 

Jan.  10 — Allies  make  joint  reply  to  President 
Wilson  and  give  their  peace  terms. 

Jan.  11 — German  government  issues  note  com- 
menting on  entente's  reply  of  Dec.  30. 

Jan.  17 — British  advance  on  both  sides  of 
Ancre  creek. 

Jan.  22— President  Wilson  addresses  United 
States  senate  on  subject  of  world  peace  and 
the  establishment  of  a  league  of  nations. 

Jan.  23— Battle  between  British  and  German 
destroyers  in  North  sea. 

Jan.  3-1 — Ambassador  Count  von  Bernstorff 
hands  note  to  Secretary  Lansing  in  Washing- 
ton announcing  the  inauguration  by  Ger- 
many of  an  unrestricted  submarine  warfare 
on  Feb.  1;  Germany  proclaims  boundaries 
of  blockade  zones. 

Feb.  1 — Germany  begins  unrestricted  submarine 
warfare. 

Feb.  3— President  Wilson  orders  that  Ambas- 
sador Count  von  Bernstorff  be  handed  his 
passports,  directs  the  withdrawal  of  Am- 
bassador James  W.  Gerard  and  all  American 
consuls  from  Germany  and  announces  his 
action  in  a  speech  before  congress:  sug- 
gests to  neutral  countries  that  they  follow 
America's  example. 

Feb.  3 — American  steamer  Housatonic  torpe- 
doed and  sunk. 

Feb.  7— United  States  senate  indorses  presi- 
dent's action  in  breaking  with  Germany: 
British  capture  Grandcourt;  German  ships 
interned  in  American  ports  found  crippled 
by  crews. 

Feb.  8 — Germany  detains  Ambassador  Gerard 
in  Berlin:  liner  California  torpedoed  and 
sunk  with  loss  of  forty-one  lives. 

Feb.  9— European  neutrals  decline  to  break 
with  Germany:  British  take  Sailly-Saillisel. 

Feb.  13— Ambassador  Bernstorff  sails  for  Ger- 
many via  Halifax  and  Norway. 

Feb.  15— Germans  under  crown  prince  take  a 
mile  and  a  half  of  French  trenches  between 
Reims  and  Verdun. 

Feb.  17— British  troops  capture  enemy  posi- 
tions along  a  front  of  two  miles  on  both 
sides  of  the  Ancre. 

Feb.  25 — "Hindenburg  retreat"  from  Somme 
sector  in  full  progress:  British  win  at  San- 
naiyat  on  the  Tigris:  British  take  Serre  and 
Butte  de  Warlencourt. 

Feb.  26— President  Wilson  appears  before  con- 
gress and  asks  authority  to  supply  merchant 
ships  with  defensive  arms  and  to  employ 
other  methods  to  protect  American  ships 
and  citizens:  British  capture  Kut-el-Amara. 

Feb.  27— British  take  Gonnecourt. 

Feb.  28— The  Associated  Press  reveals  German 
plot  to  bring  Mexico  and  Japan  in  alliance 
against  the  United  States:  letter  from  the 
German  secretary  of  foreign  affairs.  Dr.  Al- 
fred Zimmermann.  to  the  German  minister 
to  Mexico  suggesting  the  plan  published. 

March  1 — President  Wilson,  at  request  of  sen- 
ate, confirms  existence  of  German  plot  in 
Mexico:  house  grants  president  power  to 
arm  merchant  ships. 

March  3— Foreign  Secretary  Zimmermann  ad- 
mits authenticity  of  letter  to  German  min- 
ister to  Mexico  suggesting  alliance  against 
the  United  States. 

March  4— Filibuster  by  Senator  La  Follette  and 
others  prevents  passage  by  senate  of  bill  giv- 
ing president  power  to  arm  ships;  president 
rebukes  senate  for  its  lack  of  power  to 
legislate. 

March  5— President  Wilson  inaugurated  for 
second  term  in  office:  outlines  American  pol- 


icy for  foreign  relations. 
March  6— British 


sh    invade    Palestine    and    eap- 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


541 


ture    Hebron:    United    States    Supreme    court 
decides  Appam  ca.se  in  favor  of   owners. 
March  9— President  Wilson  calls  a  special  ses- 
sion of  congress  for  April  16:   issues  orders 
for  the  arming'  of  American  merchant  ships. 
March  10— Belgian  relief  steamer  Storstad  tor- 
pedoed. 

March  11 — Successful  revolution  in  Russia: 
British  capture  Bagdad:  Ambassador  Gerard 
reaches  Havana. 

March  12— French  capture  Hill  185  in  Cham- 
pagne: state  department  in  Washington  gives 
formal  notice  of  arming  of  American  ships; 
American  steamer  Algonquin  sunk  without 
warning  by  German  submarine:  China  breaks 
relations  with  Germany. 

March  15— Extra  session  of  United  States  een- 
ate  ends:   Czar  Nicholas  II.   of  Russia  abdi- 
cates throne  for  himself  and  his  son. 
March  16— American    steamer    Vigilancia    tor- 
pedoed with  loss  of  fifteen  lives. 
March  17— British  take  Bapaume;  French  take 
Roye:  American  ship  City  of  Memphis  sunk. 
March  18 — British    and    French    take   Peronne. 
Chaulnes.    Nesle  and  Noyon;    make  ten  mile 
gain  on  seventy  mile  front:  Germans  destroy 
everything    in    abandoned    territory:    Ameri- 
can ship  Illinois  sunk  by  submarine. 
March  19— American    oil    ship    Healdton    tor- 
pedoed with  loss  of  a  score  of  lives:  French 
battle    ship    Danton    torpedoed   with   loss    of 
296    men:   British   and  French   continue  ad- 
vance 

March  21— President    Wilson    calls    extra    ses- 
sion of  congress  to  begin  April  2  instead  of 
April  16:   "state  of  war"  admitted  to  exist. 
March  22— America     recognizes     new     govern 

ment  in  Russia. 

March  24 — Washington  announces  withdrawal 
of  Minister  Brand  Whitlock  and  American 
relief  workers  from  Belgium;  constitutional- 
ist party  in  Russia  votes  for  republican 
form  of  government. 
March  26— British  defeat  large  force  of  Turks 
at  Gaza.  Palestine:  President  Wilson  calls 
into  federal  service  20,000  guardsmen  in 
eighteen  central  states. 
March  30 — Foreign  Secretary  Zimmermann.  in 
reichstag,  explains  his  effort  to  embroil 
Mexico  and  Japan  with  the  United  States: 
President  Wilson  and  cabinet  decide  that  war 
with  Germany  is  the  only  honorable  recourse 
left  to  the  United  States. 
April  1— The  Aztec.  an  armed  American 
steamer,  sunk  by  submarine:  Russian  armies 
invade  Turkey  from  Persia. 
April  2 — Special  session  of  American  congress 
ooens:  president  in  address  asks  that  exist- 
ence of  a  state  of  war  with  Germany  be 
declared. 

April  4 --Senate  passes  war  resolution:  Ameri 
can  steamship  Missourian  sunk  in  Mediter- 
ranean. 

April  6— House  passes  war  resolution:  presi- 
dent signs  resolution  and  issues  war  procla- 
mation: all  American  naval  forces  mobi- 
lized; German  vessels  in  American  ports 
seized. 
April  8— Austria-Hungary  announces  break  in 

relations  with  the  United  States. 
April  9 — Canadians   take    Vimy   ridge   in  great 

British  offensive  north  and  south  of  Arras. 
April  15 — Great  French  offensive  between  Sois- 
sons    and    Reims    begins;    British    transports 
Cameronia    and    Arcadian    sunk    with    heavy 
loss  of  life. 

April  20 — "America  day"  in  Britain:  special 
services  held  in  St.  Paul's  cathedral:  Berlin 
admits  retirement  to  "Hindenburg  line"  in 
face  of  allied  attacks:  two  German  destroyers 
sunk  off  Dover. 

April  21— Turkey  breaks  off  relations  with  the 
United  States. 


April  22— British  mission  arrives  in  Washing- 
ton; "United  States  day"  celebrated  in  Paris. 

April  23 — British  begin  new  attack  on  Arras 
front:  British  capture  Samara. 

April  24 — Joffre-Viviani  French  mission  arrives 
in  America. 

April  25 — Joffre-Viviani  mission  given  ovation 
in  Washington;  president  appoints  Elihu 
Root  head  of  mission  to  visit  Russia. 

April  26 — Vacuum.  American  steamship,  tor- 
pedoed, thirty  lives  lost. 

April  28 — Senate  and  house  pass  army  draft 
bill. 

May  3— Canadians  take  Fresnoy;  United  States 
begins  making-  large  loans  to  allies. 

May  4— American  destroyers  arrive  in  British 
waters  and  begin  patrol  work;  Russian  coun- 
cil of  workmen  and  soldiers  declares  for 
peace  without  annexations  or  indemnities 
but  sustains  provisional  government;  British 
transport  Transylvania  sunk  with  loss  of 
413  lives. 

May  5— Great  Britain  joins  French  in  asking 
that  American  troops  be  sent  to  France  at 
once.  Marshal  Joffre  speaks  in  Chicago. 

May  7— War  department  in  Washington  an- 
nounces that  nine  regiments  of  engineers  are 
to  be  organized  and  sent  to  France. 

May  17— First  American  Red  Cross  hospital 
unit  arrives  in  England  for  service  with  the 
British  in  France. 

May  18— President   Wilson   orders   the   sending 

SI  a  division  of  regulars  to  France  under 
aj.-Gen.  J.  J.  Pershing:  announces  that 
he  will  not  sanction  raising  of  volunteer 
troops  by  Theodore  Roosevelt  for  service  in 
Europe. 

May  19— President  Wilson  asks  Herbert  C. 
Hoover  to  take  charge  of  food  administra- 
tion in  America  during  the  war. 

May  24 — Rear-Admiral  W.  S.  Sims  appointed 
vice-admiral;  plan  of  raising  $100.000.000 
for  Red  Cross  announced  by  Henry  P.  Davi- 
son. 

May  25— German  aircraft  raid  England,  kill- 
ing seventy-six  persons  and  injuring  174. 

May  26— Italians  storm  second  Austrian  line 
on  Carso  plateau. 

June  5 — Military  registration  day  under  selec- 
tive draft  law  in  the  United  States;  ap- 
proximately 10.000,000  men  register. 

June  7— British  begin  great  offensive  at  Mes- 
sines, storming  Wytschaete  ridge  and  explod- 
ing great  mines. 

June  8 — Gen.  Pershing  with  staff  and  clerical 
force  reaches  London:  force  of  100  American 
aviators  reach  France. 

June  ]  0 — British  gain  more  ground  around 
Messines  in  Ypres  region. 

June  11— American  tank  steamer  Petroli te  tor- 
pedoed;  British  take  German  trench  system 
on  mile  front  east  of  Messines  ridge. 

June  12— King  Constantino  of  Greece  forced 
to  abdicate  his  throne.  \ 

June  13 — Gen.  Pershing  lands  in  France;  Ger- 
man airplanes  raid  London,  killing  167 
persons  and  wounding  430. 

June  17— Two  Zeppelins  raid  British  coast: 
one  burned:  Londoners  demand  reprisals  for 
air  raids:  Germans  attack  French  positions 
on  the  Chemin  des  Dames. 

June  20— Canadians  capture  trenches  before 
Lens. 

June  27 — American  troops  arrive  in  France: 
French  cruiser  Kleber  sunk  by  mine. 

June  29 — Greece  severs  relations  with  Germany 
and  her  allies. 

June  30 — Russians  open  new  offensive  in  Gali- 
cia:  eighty-seven  German  ships  seized  in 
American  ports  turned  over  to  shipping 
board  for  operation. 

July  9 — President  Wilson  proclaims  mobiliza- 
tion of  national  guard. 

July  10— Russians  reach  Halicz. 


542 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


July  12— Chancellor  von  Bethmann-Hollwegr  re- 
signs. 

July  14— Georg  Michaelis  becomes  German 
chancellor. 

July  20— Draft  day  in  the  United  States. 

July    22— Germans    capture    Tarnopol. 

July  31— British  drive  in  Flanders  begun,  ex- 
tending from  Warneton  to  Dixmude. 

Aug.  2— Germans  advance  in  Bukowina. 

Aug.  3— Austrians  take  Czernowitz;  Russians 
evacuate  Kiiiipolung. 

Aug.  10— British  drive  Germans  back  on  a 
two-mile  front  between  Frezenberg  and 
Ypres-Menin  road:  British  take  Westhoek 
ridge. 

Aug.  14— China  declares  war  on  Germany  and 
Austria-Hungary. 

Aug.  16— British  and  French  gain  on  nine  mile 
front  east  and  north  of  Ypres;  British  take 
Langemarck. 

Aug.  20 — French  attack  on  both  sides  of 
Meuse  in  Verdun  region,  taking  Avocourt 
wood.  Le  Mort  Homme.  Corbeaux  wood, 
Cumieres,  Talou  ridge.  Hills  240  and  244. 
Mormont  farm  and  4.000  prisoners. 

Aug.  21— Canadians  take  2.000  yards  of  Ger- 
man trenches  in  outskirts  of  Lens.  , 

Aug.  24— Italians  take  Monte  Santo:  French 
take  Hill  304  near  Verdun. 

Aug.  29 — Italians  gain  complete  control  of 
Bainsizza  plateau. 

Sept.  3— Riga  captured  by  the  Germans. 

Sept.  4  and  5 — German  airplanes  drop  bombs 
on  American  hospital  camp  in  France,  kill- 
ing -five  and  wounding  ten  persons;  Italians 
take  Monte  San  Gabriele. 

Sept.   7— American  liner  Minnehaha  sunk. 

Sept.  13 — State  department  reveals  secret  aid 
giyen  by  Swedish  charge  d'affaires  in  Mex 
ico  to  Germany. 

Oct.  4 — British  win  on  an  eight  mile  front 
north  of  Langemarck. 

Oct.  6 — Extra  session  of  congress  ends. 

Oct.  9 — British  drive  Germans  from  Poelca- 
pelle:  mutiny  on  German  fleet  made  public. 

Oct.   17 — United  States  transport  Antilles  sunk. 

Oct.  23— French  capture  Malmaison  fort  and 
four  villages. 

Oct.  24 — Big  Austro-German  drive  against  Ital- 
ian front  begun:  part  of  Bainsizza  plateau 
taken. 

Oct.  26 — Italians  evacuate  Bainsizza  plateau. 

Oct.  27 — Austrian  and  German  troops  advance 
through  Julian  Alps:  2d  Italian  army  de- 
feated; American  troops  in  French  trenches 
for  practice. 

Oct.  28 — German-Austrian  forces  take  Monte 
Santo.  Goritz  and  Cividale;  United  States 
transport  Finland  torpedoed,  but  returns  to 
port:  nine  men  killed. 

Oct.  29— Whole  Italian  Isonzo  line  falls:  Ital- 
ians retreat  to  the  Tagliamento  river. 

Oct.    30— Germans   and   Austrians   take   Udine. 

Nov.  1 — Germans  advance  southeastward  from 
Udine:  British  take  Beersheba. 

Nov.  2 — American  steamship  Rochester  tor- 
pedoed and  sunk:  Italians  abandon  eastern 
bank  of  the  Tagliamento  river. 

Nov.  6— Italians  abandon  the  Tagliamento 
line. 

Nov.  7— Austro-Germans  reach  the  Livenza 
river:  British  take  Gaza. 

Nov.  9 — Gen.  Armando  Diaz  made  commander- 
in-chief  of  Italian  army  in  place  of  Gen. 
Cadorna:  Italians  make  stand  on  the  Piave 
river:  interallied  military  council  formed. 

Nov.  11 — Austro-Germans  take  Belluno,  the 
Vidor  bridgehead  and  attack  Italian  positions 
in  the  Sette  Comuni  plateau. 

Nov.  18— British   take   JaJa. 

Nov.  21— British  under  Gen.  Byng  take  Ger- 
mans by  surprise  in  Cambrai  region,  ad- 
vancing five  miles  and  taking  thousands  of 
prisoners. 

Nov.  23— Battle    of    Cambrai    continues:    Ger- 


man emissaries  sent  to  parley  with  Russian 
peace    faction. 

Nov.  28— Armistice  negotiations  begun  with 
Germany  by  bo.sheviki. 

Nov.  30— The  Germans  in  a  determined  attack 
drive  the  British  back  from  their  positions 
at  Cambrai. 

Dec.  1— British  succeed  in  regaining  nearly  a 
mile  of  the  front  lost  near  Gouzeaucourt : 
several  American  engineers  killed  in  German 
attack. 

Dec.  3 — London  announces  officially  that  "East 
Africa  has  been  completely  cleared  of  the 
enemy";  every  German  colony  is  now  oc- 
cupied by  allied  forces:  armistice  arranged 
between  Russians  and  Germans. 

Dec.  4— President  Wilson  asks  congress  to  de- 
clare war  on  Austria-Hungary. 

Dec.  6— Great  disaster  caused  at  Halifax  by 
explosion  of  munitions  ship;  United  States 
destroyer  Jacob  Jones  torpedoed  and  sunk. 

Dec.  7 — Congress  passes  resolution  declaring 
state  of  war  to  exist  between  the  United 
States  and  Austria-Hungary. 

Dec.   9 — Jerusalem  captured  by  Gen.  Allenby. 

Dec.  11— Gen.  Allenby  formally  enters  Jeru- 
salem. 

Dec.  15 — Armistice  signed  by  Russia  and  cen- 
tral powers  at  Brest-Litovsk. 

Dec.  19— Gen.  Sarrail  recalled  from  Saloniki. 

Dec.  26— The  United  States  takes  over  all 
railroad  lines  (beginning  Dec.  28)  :  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  McAdoo  appointed  director- 
general. 

1918. 

Jan.  4 — President  Wilson  at  joint  session  ol 
houses  of  congress  asks  for  railroad  legis- 
lation: shipping  board  asks  power  to  con- 
tract for  $2,000.000.000  worth  of  ships; 
hospital  ship  Rewa  torpedoed  and  sunk. 

Jan.  7— Earl  Reading  appointed  British  high 
commissioner  and  ambassador  to  the  United 
States. 

Jan.  8— President  Wilson  in  address  before 
joint  session  of  houses  of  congress  gives  war 
aims  of  the  United  States  in  detail. 

Jan.  14 — Britain  calls  for  500,000  more  men 
for  the  army. 

Jan.  16 — Fuel  Administrator  Garfield  orders 
manufacturing  concerns  to  shut  down  five 
days  and  also  on  Mondays  until  the  end 
of  March  to  save  coal. 

Jan.  18— Fuelless  period  under  Garfield  order 
goes  into  effect:  approved  by  President  Wil- 
son in  statement  to  public. 

Jan.  20 — Turkish  cruiser  Breslau  sunk  in  bat- 
tle at  entrance  to  the  Dardanelles:  battle 
cruiser  Goben  runs  aground. 

Jan.  21 — Americans  take  informal  charge  of 
sector  of  French  front. 

Jan.  23— Germany  demands  all  of  Baltic  prov- 
inces from  Russia;  all-Russian  convention 
of  Soviets  begins  sessions  in  Petrograd. 

Jan.  27 — President  Wilson  issues  proclamation 
asking  people  to  save  more  food:  Ma j. -Gen. 
Leonard  Wood  and  two  other  American  offi- 
cers wounded  in  explosion  in  France;  Cu- 
nard  liner  Andania  sunk  by  submarine. 

Jan.  29— Eastern  England  raided  by  German 
airplanes. 

Jan.  31— Americans  hold  sector  on  French 
front. 

Feb.  3— Sector  of  Lorraine  front  officially  an- 
nounced to  have  been  taken  over  by  Ameri- 
can troops:  United  States  and  allies  agree  on 
unified  campaign. 

Feb.  5— Transport  Tuscania.  carrying  Ameri- 
can troops,  torpedoed  and  sunk  with  large 
loss  of  life:  American  general  takes  com- 
mand of  sector  of  front  in  France. 

Feb.  9— Peace  agreement  between  central  pow- 
ers and  the  Ukraine  signed. 

Feb.  10— Russian  delegates  at  Brest-Litovsk 
declare  state  of  war  at  end;  Russian  armies 
to  be  demobilized. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


543 


Feb.  11— President  Wilson  addresses  congress 
in  reply  to  German  and  Austrian  peace 
speeches:  text  of  Ukraine-German  peace 
treaty  is  made  public. 

Feb.  13 — Suspension  of  fuelless  Monday  order 
announced  by  Dr.  Garfleld. 

Feb.  15— Capt.  Vernon  Castle  killed  in  flying 
accident  near  Fort  Worth.  Tex.:  all  United 
States  foreign  trade  put  under  license. 

Feb.  16— President  Wilson  issues  proclamation 
requiring-  licenses  for  all  imports  and  ex- 
ports. 

Feb.  18 — Germans  resume  operations  on  the 
Russian  front,  crossing1  the  Dvina. 

Feb.  19— Germans  occupy  Dvinsk  and  Lutsk 
and  press  on  into  Russia:  Lenin  and 
Trotzky  sign  statement  announcing-  surrender 
of  Russia. 

Feb.  22 — British  capture  Jericho:  heavy  bom- 
bardment .along-  whole  of  French  front:  Rus- 
sian soviet  orders  "defense  to  the  death" 
against  Germans.- 

Feb.  26— Five  American  soldiers  killed  and 
100  or  more  disabled  by  German  gas  at- 
tack; U.  S.  naval  tug-  Cherokee  founders  in 
storm;  twenty-nine  lives  lost. 

March  1— Americans  in  Toul  sector  repulse 
heavy  German  raid,  killing-  many  of  the 
enemy. 

March  2 — Germans  capture  Kiev  in  the 
Ukraine;  Germans  occupy  Aland  islands: 
Russian  deleg-ation  at  Brest-Litorsk  accepts 
German  peace  terms. 

March  4 — Roumania  accepts  German  armistice 
conditions:  Russians  stop  fighting-. 

March  6 — Announcement  made  that  Americans 
hold  eight-mile  front  in  France. 

March  7 — Finland  and  Germany  sign  peace 
treaty. 

March  11 — American  troops  make  successful 
raid  on  German  trenches  in  Lorraine. 

March  14— American  troops  in  Luneville  sec- 
tor occupy  German  trenches  northeast  of 
Badenvillers ;  allies  decide  to  commandeer 
1,000,000  tons  of  Dutch  shipping;'  congress 
of  Soviets  in  Moscow  ratifies  German  peace 
terms. 

March  15— Hindenburg-  and  Ludendorff  threat- 
en big  offensive  on  west  front  if  allies  are 
not  responsive  to  peace  overtures. 

March  16 — Germans  make  strong  attack  on 
American  lines  north  of  Toul,  but  are  de- 
feated. 

March  20— The  United  States  and  Britain  req- 
uisition all  Dutch  ships  in  their  waters: 
total  tonnage  taken  about  1,000.000. 

March  21-r-Germans  begin  heavy  offensive 
along  British  front  from  the  Oise  to  the 
Scarpe.  a  distance  of  fifty  miles;  British 
bombard  Ostend  from  the  sea;  four  Ger- 
man destroyers  and  torpedo  boats  sunk  by 
British  and  French  destroyers  off  Dunkerque; 
Americans  smash  German  first  and  second 
line  defenses  at  Luneville. 

March  22— British  line  bent  back  in  some 
places  by  Germans,  who  claim  to  have  taken 
16.000  prisoners. 

March  23— Germans  drive  the  British  back 
over  a  front  of  about  twenty-one  miles  to  a 
depth  of  four  or  five  miles  west  of  Cambrai ; 
Berlin  claims  that  large  part  of  British  army 
is  beaten  and  that  25.000  enemy  troops  have 
been  captured;  Paris  is  bombarded  by  Ger- 
man gun  seventy-four  miles  away. 

March  24 — Germans  capture  Chauny,  Ham. 
Peronne  and  the  heights  of  Mpnchy  and 
cross  the  River  Somme;  British  line  after  a 
retreat  of  about  fifteen  miles  holds  fast. 

March  25 — Germans  capture  Bapaume,  Nesle 
and  Guiscard:  French  take  over  part  of  front 
in  southern  Somme  region. 

March  26— Germans  take  Rove  and  Lihons 
and  cross  the  Bar,  aume- Albert  road  near 
Conrcelette  and  Pozieres;  French,  British 
and  American  troops  fight  side  by  side  in 


and 


up 


American    sector    without    success 


between  Moreuil   and  Lassigny  on  a 
fr°nt'    but   *ain   only7  minor 


rivers  and  advance  slightly  near  Hamel  •  Ger 
mans  attack  Americans  holding  sector  on 
hei?hts  80uth  of  Verdun  but  are  re- 


April  7—  Two  German  raids  on  American 
trenches  northwest  of  Toul  repulse?  w^th 
o^The  wSalliS:«??il!fllA  re*^e  positions 
of  Albert  cre  river>  north 


nk'  Dart  °<  # 

Apnl    10—  North    of   Armentieres    the   British 
troops    are    pressed    back    to    the    line    of 
Wytschaete.   Messmes  ridge  and  Ploesrsteert 
Americans    beat    off    heavy    attack    inToui 


tiaTTt,  to  evacuate   Armen- 

tieres, but  hold  Messmes  ridge  after  heavy 
Slf!^ire52£SSe  ^o  Germans  on  north  front 
stiffening:  violent  fighting  near  Montdidier; 
French  government  pubhshes  letter  showing 

S«atnrEfmPer0/  ACharles    of    Austria    SSSSS 
A^H  IIP   °v-  ?^  $lsace-^orraine  to  France. 
Apnl  12—  Field  Marshal  Haig  issues  order  to 
out"   to  the  end:   Ameri- 
rn  -m  longr   figrht  on  Toul 

A      i     «        Sf  ,      irty-8'x   prisoners. 
April  13—  British  retake  Neuve  Eglise  and  post 

recapture 


April  14—  Heavy  fighting  about  Neuve  Eglise 
and  m  the  neighborhood  of  Bailleul  •  Ger- 
mans take  Merris  and  Vieux  Berquin'-  Ger- 
^an5-u°n,tmue  attack  on  Americans  north  of 
St.  Mihiel  and  are  repulsed  with  heavy  loss 

Apnl  15  —  Germans  again  take  Neuve  Eglise- 
seven  assaults  against  British  trenches  at 
Merville  repulsed. 

April  16—  Germans  capture  Bailleul.  Wulver- 
ghem,  Wytschaete  and  the  greater  part  of 
Messmes  ndge. 

April  17—  French  troops  come  to  aid  British 
line  in  north,  co-operating  on  the  Meteren- 
Merns  line;  Germans  announce  capture  of 
Poelcapelle.  Passchendaele  and  Langemarck: 
Bntish  gain  ground  at  Meteren.  but  are 
forced  back. 

April  18—  British  repel  attacks  on  a  twelve- 
mile  front  from  St.  Venant  to  Givenchy: 
German  attempts'  to  cross  La  Bassee  canal 
in  the  direction  of  Bethune  fail  with  heavy 


544 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


loss:  French  forces  gain  ground  on  a  two 
mile  front  on  the  Avre  river. 

April  20— Twelve  hundred  German  shock 
troops  attack  Americans  near  Benners  forest 
and  take  village  of  Seicheprey  from  them; 
all  the  lost  ground  recovered  by  counterat- 
tack; German  raid  near  St.  Mihiel  easily 
repulsed  by  Americans. 

April  23— British  and  French  attack  Zeebrugge 
and  Ostend  and  sink  five  old  cruisers  in 
harbor  channels  to  bottle  up  "U"  boat 

April  24 — Germans  attack  French  and  Ameri- 
cans in  vicinity  of  Hangard  and  press  them 
back  slightly;  also  attack  British  front  south 
of  the  Somme.  capturing  Villers-Bretonneux. 

April  25— Germans  occupy  part  of  Mont  Kem- 
mel  after  heavy  fighting:  British  recapture 
Villers-Bretonneux:  French  forced  out  of 
Hangard.  but  hold  ground  in  vicinity. 

April  26 — Germans  complete  capture  of  Mont 
Kemmel  and  take  Dranoutre  and  St.  Eloi; 
allies  retake  some  ground  at  Hangard.  oc- 
cupying part  of  the  town:  battle  continu- 
ing with  extreme  violence:  tanks  taking  part 
in  strug-ple  on  both  sides. 

April  28— Hard  fighting  continues  about  Locre 
and  Voormezeele;  British  withdraw  over  the 
Steenbach  river  east  of  Ypres:  Germans  take 
Hill  60:  violent  bombardments  from  Villers- 
Bretonneux  to  the  Luce  river  and  in  regions 
west  of  Novon. 

April  29— British  positions  from  Meteren  to 
Zillebeke  heavily  attacked  but  are  unshaken: 
attacks  on  Belgian  front  also  repulsed:  Ger- 
mans fail  in  attacks  on  Scherpenberg  and 
Mont  Rouge:  presence  of  American  troops 
on  line  defending  Amiens  and  Paris  an- 
nounced. 

April  30— French  recapture  Locre. 

May  6— Australians  drive  Germans  back  near 
Morlancourt.  between  the  Ancre  and  Somme 
rivers:  Canadian  line  extended  in  vicinity 
of  NeuviUe-Vitasse.  Mercatel  and  Boisleux- 
St.  Marie:  Germans  rain  mustard  shells  on 
American  troops  on  Picardy  front. 

May  7— American  troops  arriving  on  French 
front  in  force. 

May  8— Germans  take  parts  of  allied  front 
trenches  in  the  Voormezeele-La  Clytte  sector, 
near  Ypres.  but  are  driven  out  by  counter- 
attack: Germans  also  attack  on  the  Flan- 
ders front  north  of  Kemmel  and  suffer 
heavy  casualties:  American  patrol  wiped  out 
in  Toul  sector. 

May  10— Old  cruiser  Vindictive  sunk  by  the 
British  at  entrance  to  Ostend  harbor,  block- 
ing the  channel. 

May  14  — Italians  torpedo  Austrian  dread- 
nought in  Pola  harbor. 

May  17— Announcement  made  that  American 
troops  have  joined  the  British  in  Picardy: 
Sinn  Fein  leaders  arrested  and  discovery  of 
German  plot  in  Ireland  proclaimed. 

May  19— Maj.  Raoul  Lufbery.  American  ace 
aviator,  killed  in  aerial  fight:  Australian 
troops  take  Ville-sur-Ancre  with  380  Ger- 
mans and  twenty  machine  guns. 

May  20 — French  advance  on  a  two-mile  front 
near  Mont  Kemmel  and  take  400  prisoners. 

May  21— Savage  fighting  on  the  northern  side 
of  the  Lys  salient  in  Flanders;  Americans 
take  prisoners  in  reconnoissance  combats  in 
Lorraine. 

May  23— Troopship  Moldavia  torpedoed  with 
loss  of  fifty-three  American  soldiers. 

May  27— Germans  begin  second  great  offensive, 
taking  the  Chemin  des  Dames  from  the 
French  and  crossing  the  Aisne:  also  attack 
British  divisions  at  Berry-au-Bac.  forcing 
the  troops  on  the  left  to  fall  back:  French 
repulse  Germans  on  Lys  battle  front. 

May  28 — American  troops  northwest  of  Mont- 
t  didier  attack  German  line  on  a  front  of  one 


and  one-auarter  miles,  capture  village  of 
Cantigny  and  take  200  prisoners. 

May  29— Soissons  taken  by  the  Germans,  but 
allies  hold  outskirts  of  that  city  and  also 
Reims,  giving  ground  slowly  without  using 
many  reserves:  Americans  consolidate  their 
positions  at  Cantigny  and  repel  several  coun- 
terattacks. 

May  30— Germans  approach  close  to  the  Marne 
at  a  ppint  about  fifty-five  miles  from  Paris, 
occupying  Fere-en-Tardenois  and  Vezilly; 
French  hold  enemy  back  near  Soissons  and 
Reims:  enemy  attacks  on  Americans  at 
Cantigny  repulsed. 

May  31 — Germans  reach  Chateau  Thierry  and 
other  points  on  the  Marne.  where  they 
are  halted  by  the  Americans  and  French:  at- 
tacks near  Blerancourt  and  Neuilly-St.  Front 
broken  up:  Americans  in  Woevre  region  de- 
stroy advanced  enemy  positions:  submarine 
sinks  United  States  transport  President  Lin- 
coln, westbound  from  European  port. 

June  1 — Germans  capture  Chouy  and  Neuilly- 
St.  Front;  fierce  fighting  on  both  sides  of 
the  Ourcq  river. 

June  2— French  resist  successfully  strong 
enemy  attacks  north  of  the  Ourcq  and  the 
Marne  and  recapture  several  small  villages, 
including  Long-pent.  Corey  and  Troesnes; 
halt  Germans  at  Chateau  Thierry;  German 
submarines  on  coast  of  United  States  sink 
several  American  vessels. 

June  3— Ten  American  ships  sunk  on  At- 
lantic coast  by  German  submarines  be- 
tween about  May  26  and  June  3. 

June  4 — Germans  take  Pernant:  Gen.  Per- 
shing  reports  that  Americans  brigaded  with 
French  troops  helped  to  repulse  Germans  at 
Chateau  Thierry,  Veuilly-la-Poterie  and 
Jaulgonne. 

June  5— French  repulse  attacks  at  Monta- 
lagache.  Vingre  and  Chavigny  farm;  Amer- 
ican patrols  in  Picardy  and  Lorraine  pene- 
trate enemy  positions  and  inflict  losses  in 
killed  and  wounded. 

June  6 — American  marines  gain  two  miles  on 
a  two  and  a  half  mile  front  and  take  100 
prisoners  near  Veuilly.  northwest  of  Chateau 
Thierry;  take  Hill  142  near  Torcy  and  enter 
Torcy  itself;  Germans  repeatedly  thrown 
back  in  attempting  to  cross  the  Oise  river 
south  of  Noyon. 

June  7 — French  and  Americans  complete  cap- 
ture of  Vilny,  Veuilly-la-Poterie.  Bussaires. 
Torcy,  Belleau  and  the  heights  southeast  of 
Haute  Vesnes:  Americans  in  second  battle 
northwest  of  Chateau  Thierry  advance  nearly 
two  and  a  half  miles  on  a  six-mile  front  and 
take  300  prisoners. 

June  9— ^rmans  begin  new  offensive  between 
Montdidier  and  the  Oise  and  advance  about 
four  miles,  reaching  villaeres  of  Ressons-sur- 
Matz  and  Mareuil.  but  making  little  progress 
elsewhere;  Americans  beat  off  attacks  on 
Hill  204:  American  steamer  Pinar  del  Rio 
sunk  by  submarine  off  coast  of  Maryland. 

June  10 — Germans  advance  two  miles  and  take 
villages  of  Mery.  Belloy  and  St.  Maury. 
claiming  the  capture  of  8.000  French:  Ital- 
ians torpedo  and  sink  Austrian  battle  ship 
Szent  Istvan. 

June  11— French  inflict  severe  defeat  on  Ger- 
mans on  a  front  of  seven  miles  between 
Rubescourt  and  St.  Maur.  taking  1.000 
prisoners:  Americans  complete  capture  of 

s  Belleau  wood,  taking  300  prisoners  and  sev- 
eral machine  guns  and  mortars. 

June  12— Germans  cross  the  Matz  river  and 
take  the  village  of  Melicocq  and  the  heights 
of  Croix  Ricard;  French  retire  from  salient 
south  of  Noyon  and  east  of  the  Ois*  river, 
giviner  up  positions  in  Carlenont  wood. 

June  15 — Austrians  beein  offensive  against 
Italians  along  100-mile  front,  crossing  the 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


645 


Piave  in  several  places  and  obtaining:  other 
small  successes. 

June  16 — Italians  in  counterattacks  drive  back 
the  Austrians  in  most  places  and  take  3,000 
prisoners. 

June  17— Allies  on  the  Italian  front  take  the 
offensive. 

June  18— Austrians  halted  with  enormous 
losses  on  most  parts  of  the  front. 

June  23— On  the  Piave  river  front  in  Italy 
from  the  Montello  to  the  Adriatic  the  Aus- 
trians retreat  in  disorder,  abandoning1  many 
guns  and  much  war  Material;  Italians,  pur- 
suing- vigorously,  capture  thousands  of 
prisoners;  Americans  clear  out  remainder  of 
Belleau  wood,  taking  five  machine  guns. 

June  24 — Losses  of  Austrians  on  Piave  front 
enormous;  40,000  prisoners  taken  by  the 
Italians. 

June  26-TIn  battle  beginning1  June  25  Ameri- 
cans kill  700  Germans  and  capture  more 
than  250  out  of  1,200  on  a  ridge  north  of 
the  Bois  de  Belleau. 

June  28 — First  American  troops  arrive  in 
Italy. 

June  30— Italians  take  the  -whole  of  Val  Bella, 
Rosso  and  Echele  mountains,  with  2,000 
prisoners. 

July  1— American  troops  capture  village  of 
Vaux,  west  of  Chateau  Thierry,  with  more 
than  300  prisoners,  including  five  officers; 
complete  unit  of  220,000  Americans  guard- 
ing- road  to  Paris,  it  is  announced:  United 
States  transport  Covington  torpedoed  and 
sunk. 

July  2 — Germans  make  counterattack  near 
Vaux  and  Hill  204  but  lose  heavily,  one 
regiment  being-  nearly  annihilated  by  the 
Americans. 

July  3 — Germans  make  further  futile  counter- 
attacks against  Americans  at  Vaux,  their 
losses  being-  estimated  at  3.000;  heavy  bom- 
bardment of  American  positions  continues; 
Italians  attack  on  the  lower  Piave  between 
Capo  Sile  and  Zenson.  taking  1,900  prisoners. 

July  4 — American  Independence  day  celebrat- 
ed in  England,  France  and  Italy  as  well  as 
in  the  United  States. 

July  6 — Count  von  Mirbach.  German  ambassa- 
dor to  Russia,  assassinated  in  Moscow;  John 
Purroy  Mitchel,  former  mayor  of  New  York, 
killed  in  airplane  accident  near  Lake  Charles, 
La. 

July  9 — Dr.  Richard  von  Kuehlmann's  resig- 
nation as  German  foreign  secretary  accepted. 

July  10 — Italian  forces  in  Albania  advance  on 
a  forty  mile  front  between  the  middle  Osuna 
river  and  the  Adriatic:  Admiral  von  Hmtze 
appointed  German  foreig-n  secretary. 

July  11 — Austrians  retreat  from  Berat  and 
Fieri  in  Albania  toward  the  Skumbi  river 
and  Elbassan;  French  forces  west  of  Lake 
Ochrida  in  Serbian  Macedonia  make  progress 
against  the  Bulgarians. 

July  13— War  department  in  Washington  an- 
nounces formation  of  three  army  corps  in 
France;  President  Wilson  given  authority  by 
congress  to  take  over  telegraph  wires. 

July  14— Lieut.  Quentin  Roosevelt  killed  in 
aerial  battle. 

July  15 — Germans  begin  big  offensive  from 
Chateau  Thierry  on  the  west  to  Main  de 
Massig-es.  farther  east,  along-  a  sixty-five-mile 
front,  crossing  the  Ma  me  at  various  places; 
Americans  in  the  Chateau  region  retire  a 
short  distance  but  by  a  strong-  counterattack 
drive  the  e::emy  back  across  the  Marne  with 
heavy  losses. 

July  16— German  offensive  west  and  east  of 
Reims  continues;  allied  lines  hold  at  all  im- 
portant points:  Festig-ny  the  farthest  point 
reached  bv  the  Germans. 

July  17— Battle  continues  violently  on  both 
sides  of  Peims. 

July    18— Gen.    Foch    delivers   heavy    counter- 


attack against  the  western  side  of  the  Ger- 
man salient  along  a  line  Iroin  the  Marne  to 
the  Aisne;  takes  Germans  by  surprise  and 
captures  more  than  a  score  of  towns  ana 
many  heavy  cannon;  Americans  take  part 
in  drive  and  with  the  French  advance  -six 
miles;  cavalry  and  tanks  used  in  the  battle. 

July  19 — French  and  Americans  continue  of- 
fensive between  the  Aisne  and  the  Marne. 
taking  17.000  prisoners  and  360  guns. 

July  20 — German  troops  south  of  the  Marne 
forced  to  retreat  to  north  side;  French  and 
American  troops  between  the  Aisne  and  the 
Marne  continue  to  press  forward;  French. 
British,  American  and  Italian  forces  attack 
and  gain  ground  along  the  line  extending: 
from  Chateau  Thierry  east  to  Reims;  num- 
ber of  prisoners  taken  by  the  allies  increased 
to  more  than  20.000;  transport  Justicia. 
32.234  tons,  torpedoed  and  sunk. 

July  21— Germans  driven  out  of  Chateau 
Thierry  by  French  and  Americans:  subma- 
rine sinks  four  coal  barges  and  a  tug  off 
coast  of  Massachusetts. 

July  23— Allies  take  more  towns  on  north  side 
of  the  Marne.  including  Jaulgonne.  Buzancy. 
Oulchy-le-Chateau.  Marfaux  and  Mailly-Rain- 
eval;  German  losses  since  July  15  estimated 
at  180.000. 

July  24— Americans  take  Epieds  and  advance 
toward  Fere-en-Tardenois. 

July  26 — French  and  American  troops  capture 
Oulchy-le-Chateau:  Gen.  Mangin's  forces  take 
Villemontoire ;  French  also  recapture  Main 
de  Msssis'es. 

July  27— Germans  retreat  all  along-  the  line 
north  of  the  Marne.  the  allies  reaching-  a 
point  ten  miles  from  Chateau  Thierry: 
American  troops  capture  Le  Channel  and 
cross  the  Ourca  east  of  Fere-en-Tardenois. 

July  28— Allies  force  the  Germans  across  the 
Ourcq  in  many  places,  driving  the  Germans 
five  miles;  allies  enter  Fere-en-Tardenois  and 
reach  Ville-en-Tardenois. 

July  29— Allies  advance  to  within  ten  miles 
of  Fismes  on  the  Vesle  river;  take  Grand 
Rozy  and  Cugny  by  storm:  Americans  take 
Seringes-et-Nesle,  Sergy  and  Roncheres. 

Aug-.  2— Allies  capture  Soissons.  cross  the 
Crise  and  progress  widely  north  of  the 
Ourcq :  they  also  take  Goussaincourt.  Villers- 
Agron.  Ville-en-Tardenois.  Gueux  and  Thil- 
loy;  German  crown  prince's  army  in  full  re- 
treat everywhere:  American  troops  advance 
with  the  French  five  miles  north  of  Fere- 
en-Tardenois. 

Aug;.  3— American  troor»s  enter  suburbs  of 
Fismes  after  taking-  Cohan  and  other  towns; 
French  and  American  troops  continue  ad- 
vancing- on  a, forty-five-mile  front. 

Augr.  4— Americans  take  whole  of  Fismes: 
British  troops  advance  in  Picardy;  Germans 
evacuate  Albert. 

Aug-.  7— American  infantry  cross  to  north  bank 
of  Vesle  river  at  various  places:  Maj.-Gen. 
William  S.  Graves  made  commander  of 
American  military  expedition  to  Siberia. 

Aug-.  8— British  and  French  begin  great  of- 
fensive in  Picardy  east  of  Amiens. 

Aug-.  10— French  recapture  Montdidier;  British 
and  American  troops  capture  Morlancourt. 

Aug-.  11— Organization  of  first  American  field 
army  in  France  announced. 

Aug1.  13— Czecho-Slovaks  recognized  as  a  na- 
tion by  Great  Britain.  t 

Aug-.  14— Germans  fall  back  on  five-mile  front 
north  of  Albert;  French  capture  Ribecourt. 

Aug.  15 — American  troops  arrive  at  Vladivo- 
stok. Siberia. 

Aug-.  19— British  strike  in  the  Lys  salient  and 
the  French  between  the  Aisne  and  the  Oise; 
British  enter  Merville;  French  capture  Fres- 
nieres 

Aug.  20 — Gen.  Mangin's  4th  French  army 
takes  8.000  Germans  in  smash  between  the 


546 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Oise  and  the  Aisne. 

Aug-.  21— Gen.  Mangin  takes  Lassigny  and  ad- 
vances over  a  front  of  fifteen  miles  to  a 
depth  of  five  miles:  British  attack  on  a  ten- 
mile  front  from  the  Ancre  river  to  the  vi- 
cinity of  Moyenviiie,  taningr  seven  vihag-es. 

Aug.  22— British  capture  Albert  with  1.400 
prisoners . 

Aug.  23 — Gen.  Byngr  advances  on  six-mile  front 
from  southeast  of  Albert  to  the  vicinity  of 
Grandcourt;  British  take  Aehiet-le-Grand  and 
Gomiecourt;  Gen.  Mangin  drives  the  Ger- 
mans across  the  valley  of  the  Aiiette. 

Aug.  24— Americans  advance  to  the  Soissons- 
Reims  road;  British  capture  Bray  and 
Thiepval. 

Aug.  25 — British  hold  road  from  Albert  to 
Bapaume  and  reach  outskirts  of  Bullecourt. 

Aug1.  26 — Canadian  and  other  British  troops 
capture  Monchy-le-Preux :  French  capture 
Fresnoy-le-Roy  and  St.  Mard. 

Aug-.  27— British  capture  section  of  Hinden- 
burg-  line  and  occupy  Cherisy,  Vis-en-Artoia 
and  Bois  du  Sart:  Americans  make  attack 
on  Bazoches. 

Aug.  28— Chaulnes  taken  by  the  French. 

Aug.  29— Noyon  captured  by  French:  Ba- 
paume taken  by  the  British:  Americans  and 
French  with  the  assistance  of  numerous 
tanks  drive  Germans  from  Juvigny. 

Sept.  1— Americans  in  Belgium  capture  Voor- 
mezeele*  Australian  troops  capture  Peronne 
and  2.000  prisoners. 

Sept.  2— English.  Scotch  and  Canadian  troops 
carry  the  Queant^Drocourt  "switch  line." 

Sept.  3 — British  troops  push  forward  to  Ba- 
ralle.  eight  miles  from  Cambrai.  driving-  the 
Germans  to  the  Canal  du  Nord:  a  dozen  vil- 
lages taken  in  an  advance  along-  a  twenty- 
mile  front  to  a  maximum  depth  of  six 
miles:  10.000  Germans  taken  prisoners. 

Sept.  4— Germans  retreat  on  Vesle  front  before 
Americans  and  French. 

Sept.  7 — Allies  advance  on  fifty-mile  front 
from  Havrincourt  wood  to  the  Chemin  des 
Dames;  Americans  reach  the  Aisne  in  the 
vicinity  of  Vieil  Arcy. 

Sept.  8 — British  clear  Germans  out  of  Havrin- 
court wood:  reach  line  held  at  beginning-  of 
German  offensive  March  21. 

Sept.  12— Gen.  Persians  attacks  St.  Mihiel 
salient  after  heavy  artillery  preparation: 
takes  many  towns  and  a  large  number  of 
prisoners:  advances  five  miles  at  some 
points;  French  occupy  town  of  St.  Mihiel. 

Sept.  13 — American  troops  wipe  out  remainder 
of  St.  Mihiel  salient,  forcing-  Germans  back 
on  Wotan  line. 

Sept.  14— Americans  take  150  square  miles  of 
territory  in  St.  Mihiel  offensive,  with  15,000 
prisoners. 

Sept.  15 — French  and  Serbians  pierce  Bulgarian 
front  for  a  width  of  ten  miles. 

Sept.  17 — Allies  continue  their  successful  of- 
fensive in  Macedonia:  Germans  rush  up 
heavy  reserves  to  oppose  the  Americans. 

Sept.  18— British  and  French  pierce  Hinden- 
burg line  on  a  twenty-two-mile  front,  taking 
ten  towns  and  6.000  prisoners  in  St.  Quen- 
tin  sector:  Bulgarian  resistance  on  Mace- 
donian front  weakening-. 

Sept.  19— French  fight  their  way  over  the  St. 
Quentin  canal,  capturing-  Contescourt  and 
Castres:  Field  Marshal  Haig  reports  capture 
of  10.000  prisoners  and  sixty  grins. 
•  Sept.  23 — French  forces  reach  the  Oise  river 
between  Vandeuil  and  Travecy;  Germans 
start  evacuating-  Cambrai:  Germans  and  Bul- 
g-arians  in  flight  through  Serbia. 

Sept.    24— French    cavalrymen    take    Prilep    in 

Sept.  25 — Bulgrar  armies  on  Macedonian  front 
split  into  groups:  Gen.  Allenby  in  Palestine 
reports  capture  of  40.000  Turks  and  265 
guns  in  great  offensive. 

Sept.  26 — Gen.  Pershing-'s  1st  army  smashes  its 


way  seven  miles  deep  into  the  German  lines 
over  a  front  of  twenty  miles  from  the  Meuse 
westward  through  the  Argonne  forest,  cap- 
turing- twelve  towns,  5.000  prisoners  and 
twenty  large  guns:  Varennes.  Montblainville. 
Vauquois  and  Cheppy  taken  by  storm: 
French  attack  from  Auberive  eastward  to 
Main  Massiges:  Serbians  capture  Veles 

Sept.  27— Bulgarians  ask  for  armistice  and 
terms  of  peace;  British  take  Strumnitza 

Sept.  28— Americans  repulse  German  counter- 
blows north  of  Dannevoux;  French  capture 
Fort  Malmaison;  Belgians  begin  offensive  in 
Dixmude-Ypres  area  and  with  the  British 
take  Houthulst  forest. 

Sept.  29 — Armistice  between  allies  and  Bul- 
garians signed:  French  capture  Urvillers  and 
Cerizy  and  break  Hindenburg  line  between 
St.  Quentin  and  La  Fere;  Americans  and 
French  take  western  part  of  the  Chemin  dea 
Dames:  Americans  capture  Montfaucon;  en- 
tire department  of  the  Somme  liberated  from 
the  Germans:  American  troops  help  British 
to  take  Bellicourt.  Nauroy  and  other  places 
on  the  Hindenburg-  line  where  the  Scheldt 
canal  passes  through  a  tunnel ;  Belgians 
drive  close  to  Roulers.  taking  Dixmude. 
Moorslede.  Passchendaele  and  other  towua 
with  more  than  5.000  prisoners. 

Sept.  30— British  enter  part  of  Cambrai:  cap- 
ture Thorigny.  Le  Tronquoy  and  Gonnelieu; 
Belgians  enter  Roulers:  French  cavalry  enter 
Uskup  in  Serbia. 

Oct.  1— French  troops  enter  St.  Quentin  as  far 
as  canal:  heavy  fighting  by  British  all  along- 
the  Cambrai-St.  Quentin  sector;  Belgians 
clear  Roulers  of  foes. 

Oct.  2— St.  Quentin  taken  by  the  French. 
Americans  cut  off  for  two  days  in  advanced 
position  between  Cambrai  and  St.  Quentin 
rescued:  heavy  German  artillery  fire  on 
American  front  between  the  Aisne  and  the 
Meuse. 

Oct.  3— King-  Ferdinand  of  Bulgaria  abdicates 
in  favor  of  Prince  Boris:  British  smash  large 
and  vital  section  of  Hindenburg  line  be- 
tween St.  Quentin  and  Cambrai.  taking-  many 
small  towns  and  5.000  prisoners:  French 
advance  from  one  to  two  miles  north,  east 
and  south  of  St.  Quentin  and  also  in  the 
Champagne  region. 

Oct.  4 — American  troops  resume  offensive  west 
of  the  Meuse.  advancing  their  lines  from  one 
to  three  miles,  taking  Hill  240  and  the  vil- 
lages of  Gesnes.  Fleville.  Chehery  and  La 
Forges,  attaining  all  their  objectives 

Oct.  5 — Germans  hurriedly  evacuating  Lille  and 
beginning  a  movement  to  abandon  the  Bel- 
gian coast  region:  British  troops  enter  Lens; 
Germans  retreat  on  a  twenty-eight-mile  front 
north  of  Reims:  French  take  Fort  Brimont. 

Oct.  6— Germany  sends  appeal  for  peace:  Ger- 
mans fire  Bruges  docks  and  withdraw  stores 
from  Ghent:  fighting  by  Americans  west  of 
the  Meuse  declared  to  be  bloodiest  in  their 
experience,  the  Germans  using  their  best 
troops  against  them 

Oct.  7 — Americans  win  hot  battle  for  posses- 
sion of  north  end  of  Areronne  forest. 

Oct.  8 — British.  French  and  American  troops 
deliver  assault  on  twenty-mile  front  between 
Cambrai  and  St.  Quentin.  taking  thousands 
of  prisoners;  Americans  take  Brancourt  and 
Premont;  in  Verdun  region  the  Am°rican3 
continue  fight  for  remainder  of  Argonne 
forest;  Franco-American  forces  advance  two 
miles  on  a  seven-mile  front  east  of  the 
Meuse. 

Oct.  9— Americans  reach  southern  outskirts  of 
Sivry  and  enter  Chaune  wood;  penetrate  Ger- 
man main  lines  west  of  the  Meuse  between 
Cunel  and  Romagne:  British-American  lines 
sweeping  through  twenty-mile  gap  between 
Cambrai  and  St.  Quentin  almost  to  the  line 
of  the  Selle  and  Sambre  risers ;  Cambrai 
fully  occupied. 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


547 


Oct.    10 — British    take    Le    Cateau    and    drive 

Germans   many   miles:   French   advance   four 

miles  east  of  St.  Quentin. 

Oct.   11 — Argonne  forest  completely  cleared  oi 

Germans  by  the  American  troops. 
Oct.  12 — Germans  fall  back  on  Champagne 
front  from  Laon  to  the  Argonne;  French 
drive  forward  on  a  front  of  seventy-five 
miles  from  La  Fere  to  the  Argonne:  vast 
quantities  of  ammunition  captured  by  Ameri- 
cans and  British  in  Bohain  region:  Germany 
accepts  peace  terms  laid  down  by  President 
Wilson  Jan.  8:  Washington  finds  flaws  in 
reply. 

Oct.  13— Americans  advance  on  both  sides  of 
the  Meuse.  taking  all  their  objectives:  Laon 
taken  by  the  French  without  a  fight. 
Oct.  14— French.  British  and  Belgian  troops 
take  many  villages  in  Belgium,  with  7.000 
prisoners:  American  troops  advance  beyond 
Cunel  and  Romagne  west  of  the  Meuse  and 
•farther  west  reach  St.  Georges  and  Landres- 
et-St.  Georges. 

Oct.  15 — American  troops  hit  the  German  line 
north  of  Verdun,  taking  St.  Juvin  and  Hill 
299  west  of  Bantheville:  left  wing  crosses 
Aire  river  and  approaches  Grandpre:  in 
Flanders  the  British  advance  to  the  vicinity 
of  Courtrai:  capture  Gull^ghem  and  Heule 
and  advance  to  suburhs  of  Lille. 

Oct.  16— Americans  capture  Grandpre;  Ger- 
mans continue  their  great  retreat  from 
northern  Belgium. 

Oct.  17— Belgians  enter  Bruges  and  Zeebrugge 
and  British  occupy  Ostend.  Lille  and  Douai: 
King  Albert  enters  Ostend:  Americans  take 
Cote  Chatillon. 

Oct.  18 — Belgian  flags  fly  over  every  town  on 
the  Belgian  coast:  French  occupy  and 
beyond  Thielt;  French  drive  on  Guise: 
evacuated  by  the  Germans  and  entered  by 
British:  Americans  take  Bantheville. 

Oct.  22— British  troops  enter  suburbs  of  Valen- 
ciennes. 

Oct.  23— Americans  advance  on  fifteen-mile 
front,  taking  Brieulles,  Tamla  farm  and 
other  places  north  of  Bantheville. 

Oct.  24— Americans  attack  east  of  the  Meuse 
and  reach  the  Freya  position:  British  drive 
Germans  back  along  whole  front  between 
the  Sambre  and  the  Meuse. 

Oct.  25— British,  French  and  Italian  troops  be- 
gin new  offensive  on  Italian  front  between 
the  Brenta  and  Piave  rivers,  taking:  3,000 
prisoners. 

Oct.  26 — British  troops  advance  south  of  Val- 
enciennes: French  pierce  the  Hunding  line: 
Italians  gain  in  attacks  on  Austrian  defenses 
on  Piave  line. 

Oct.  27— Gen.  Ludendorff  resigns  as  first 
quartermaster-general  of  German  army: 
French  gain  five  miles  on  Serre  front  and 
take  ten  towns:  Italian  forces  cross  the 
Piave  and  take  9,000  Austrians  and  fifty- 
one  guns. 

Oct.  28— Austria  again  urgently  asks  for  peace; 
French  continue  drive  beyond  the  Oise:  Ger- 
man administration  moves  from  Brussels. 

Oct.  29 — Allied  forces  in  Italy  capture  Conegli- 
ano.  five  miles  from  the  Piave,  and  push  on 


along   a    front   of   thirty-seven   miles:    Rhine 
Germans  in  wild  flight. 

Oct.  30— German  note  seeks  to  hasten  de- 
cision on  armistice  terms:  Czechs  take  over 
rule  of  Prague:  Italians  capture  Vittorio  and 
drive  the  Austrians  back  along  the  Piave 
from  the  mountains  to  the  sea:  taking  of 
33.000  Austrians  in  drive  announced 

Oct.  31— Turkey  makes  full  surrender;  Aus- 
trian collapse  on  Italian  front:  troops  aban- 
don everything  in  flight  to  escape. 

Nov.  1 — Armistice  terms  given  to  Austria* 
Americans  advance  four  miles  in  new  drive 
east  of  the  Argonne:  British  get  grip  on 
Valenciennes:  allies  in  Belgium  take  nine- 
teen towns  and  gain  ten  miles;  Americans 
capture  Landres-et-St.  Georges,  Remonville. 
Clery  le  Grand  and  other  towns  with  2.000 
prisoners. 

Nov.  2— British  take  Valenciennes:  Americans 
break  through  the  Freya  line  and  take 
Champigneulle,  Buzancy.  Fosse.  Baricourt  and 
Doulcon.  • 

Nov.  3— Italians  capture  Trent  and  Udine: 
whole  Austrian  front  smashed 

Nov.  4— Austria  makes  complete  surrender: 
Americans  advance  toward  Sedan,  reaching- 
Stenay;  British  in  advance  between  the 
Scheldt  and  the  Oise-Sambre  canal  and  with 
the  French  co-operating  take  10.000  prison- 
ers and  200  guns. 

Nov.  5 — German  armies  on  western  front  re- 
treat everywhere. 

Nov.  6— French  win  on  100-mile  front,  taking- 
Vervins.  Montcornet  and  Rethel:  Americans 
enter  Sedan:  cross  the  Meuse  river:  Germans 
give  up  Ghent:  Germans  seeking  truce  reach 
French  lines. 

Nov.  7— Passage  of  German  peace  envoys  to 
French  headquarters  arranged;  allied  armies 
drive  along 'whole  front. 

Nov.  8 — British.  French  and  American  armies 
press  forward  along  whole  of  long  line  from 
extreme  north  to  east  of  the  Meuse:  scores 
of  towns  taken:  German  plenipotentiaries  ar- 
rive at  Marshal  Foch's  headquarters  and  are 
given  armistice  terms  fixed  by  allied  war 
council  with  time  limit  for  acceptance  fixed 
lor  11  o'clock  Monday  morning.  Nov.  1 1 : 
German  socialists  demand  abdication  of  Em- 
peror William:  revolution  in  Berlin:  Bavaria 
deposes  king  and  proclaims  a  republic. 

Nov.  9 — Chancellor  Prince  Maximilian  of  Ger- 
many announces  that  kaiser  and  crown  prince 
have  decided  to  renounce  the  throne;  Deputy 
Ebert  made  imperial  chancellor. 

Nov.  10 — First  and  2d  American  armies  ad- 
vance along  the  Moselle  and  the  Meuse  on  a 
front  of  about  seventy-one  miles:  capture 
Stenay  and  numerous  fortified  positions  in 
Lorraine:  Gen.  Gouraud  makes  official  entry 
into  Sedan:  Emperor  William  takes  refuge  in 
Holland. 

Nov.  11 — German  envoys  sign  armistice  t^rme 
and  fighting  ceases  at  11  a.  m.  all  along 
the  line:  President  Wilson  announces  to  con- 
gress that  "the  war  thus  comes  to  an  end": 
great  peace  celebration  held  in  all  the  allied 
countries  with  scenes  of  unparalleled  en- 
thusiasm. 


CHRONOLOGY   OF   OTHER   RECENT    WARS. 


SPANISH-AMERICAN  WAR.   1898. 

Maine  blown  up Feb.  15 

Diplomatic  relations  broken April  21 

Cuban  blockade  declared April  22 

War  declared  by  Spain April  24 

War  declared  by  United  States April  25 

Dewey's  victory  at  Manila May  1 

Hobson's  Merrimac  exploit June  3 

U.  S.  army  corps  lands  in  Cuba June  21 

Battle  at  El  Caney  and  San  Juan July  1 

Cervera's  fleet  destroyed July  3 

Santiago  de  Cuba  surrenders July  17 

Peace  protocol  signed Aug.  12 


Surrender  of  Miniln Aug.  13 

Peace  treaty  signed  in  Paris Dec.  12 

PHILIPPINE  WAR.   1899-1002. 

Hostilities  begun Feb.  4.  1 8P9 

Battles  around  Manila Feb.  4-7.  1899 

Battle  at  Pasig March  13.  1899 

Santa  Cruz  captured April  25.  1899 

San  Fernando  captured May  5.  1 899 

Battle  of  Bfcoor June  13.  1 899 

Battle  of  Imus June  16.  3899 

Battle  of  Colamba July  26.1899 

Battle  of  Calulut Aug.  9.1899 

Battle  of  Angeles Aug.    16.1899 


548 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Maj.  John  A.  Logan  killed Nov.  11.  1899 

Gen.  Gregorio  del  Pilar  killed Dec.  10,  1899 

Gen.  Lawton  killed Dec.  19,  1899 

Taft  commission  appointed Feb.  25.  1900 

Aguinaldo  captured March  23.  1901 

End  of  war April  30.  1902 

Military  governorship  ended July  4. 1902 

ANGLO-BOER  WAR.   1899-1902. 

Boers  declare  war Oct.  10.  1899 

Boers  invade  Natal Oct.  12.  1899 

Battle  of  Glencoe Oct.  20.  1899 

Battle  of  Magersf  ontein Dec.  10,  1899 

Battle  of  Colesburg Dec.  31. 1899 

Spion  Kop  battles Jan.  23-25,  1900 

Kimberley    relieved Feb.  15,  1900 

Gen.  Cronje  surrenders Feb.  27,  1900 

Ladysmith  relieved March  1.  1900 

Mafeking  relieved May  17.  1900 

Johannesburg   captured May  30,  1900 

Orange  Free  State  annexed May  30.  1900 

Pretoria  captured. June  4.  1900 

South  African  Republic  annexed..  .Sept.  1.  1900 

Gen.  Methuen  captured March  7.  1902 

Treaty  of  peace  signed May  31.  1902 

RUSSO-JAPANESE  WAR.   1904-1905. 

Hostilities  begun  by  Japan Feb.  8.  1904 

War  declared Feb.  10.  1904 

Petropavlovsk  sunk April  13,  1904 

Battle  of  the  Yalu May  1.  1904 

Battle  ship  Hatsuse  sunk May  15.  1904 

Cruiser  Yoshino  sunk May  15,  1904 

Nanshan  hill  battles May  21-27.  1904 

Dalny    captured May  30.  1904 

Vafangow   battle June  14.  1904 

Kaiping  captured July  8.  1904 

Port  Arthur  invested July  20-31.  1904 

Newchwang    evacuated July  25.  1904 

Haicheng    evacuated Aug.  3.  1904 

Port  Arthur  naval  battle Aug.  10.  1904 

Battle  of  Liaoyang Aug.  26-Sept.  4.  1904 

Battle  of  Sha  river Oct.  12-19.  1904 

Dogger  bank  affair Oct.  22.  1904 

203-Meter  hill  captured Nov.  30.  1904 

North  Keekwan  captured Dec.  18.  1904 

Ehrlungshan    captured Dec.  25.  1904 

Sungshushan  captured Dec.  31.  1904 


Kilkish  is  captured July  4.  1913 

Port  Arthur  surrendered Jan.  1-2.  1905 

Battle  of  Heikoutai Jan.  27-Feb.  4.  1905 

Battle  of  Mukden Feb.  24-March  12.  1905 

Battle  of  Sea  of  Japan May  27-28.  1905 

Roosevelt  peace  proposal June  7,  1905 

Sakhalin    captured July  31.  1905 

Portsmouth  peace  conference.  ..Aug.  9-29.  1905 

Peace  treaty  signed Sept.  5,  1905 

ITALIAN-TURKISH  WAR.   1911-1912. 

War  declared  by  Italy Sept.  29,  1911 

Tripoli   bombarded Oct.  3,  1911 

Tripoli  captured Oct.  5.  1911 

Turks  repulsed  by  Italians Oct.  30,  1911 

Seven  Turkish  gunboats  sunk.  .  .  .Jan.  7,  1912 

Beirut  bombarded i. . .  .Feb.  24.  1912 

Tripoli  annexed Feb.  25.  1912 

Island  of  Rhodes  seized May  4.  1912 

Battle  of  Zanzur  oasis June  9.  1912 

Town  of  Sidi  Ali  captured July  14.  1912 

Peace  treaty  signed Oct.  18.  1912 

BALKAN-TURKISH  WAR.    1912-1913. 

Balkan-Turkish  war  begun Oct.  9.  1912 

War  formally  declared Oct.  18,  1912 

Battle  of  Kirk  Kilesseh Oct.  24.  1912 

Battle  of  Lule  Burgas Oct.  29-31,  1912 

Saloniki  captured .Nov.  8,  1912 

Monastir  captured Nov.  18.  1912 

London  peace  conference Dec.  16.  1912 

Peace  conference  ended Jan.  29.  1913 

War    resumed Feb.  3,  1913 

Janina  captured March  6.  1913 

Adrianople  captured March  27.  1913 

Scutari  captured April  23,  1913 

Powers  occupy  Scutari May  14,  1913 

Peace  treaty  signed May  30.  1913 

BALKAN-BULGARIAN  WAR.   1913. 

Fighting  is  begun May  23.  1913 

Battle  of  Makres June  10,  1913 

Seres  and  Kavala  are  captured July  9,  1913 

Roumania  wars  on  Bulgaria July  12,  1913 

Turks  attack  Bulgaria July  12.  1913 

Turks  reoccupy  Adrianople July  21,  1913 

Peace  treaty  signed Aug.  10.  1913 

Note — For  chronology  of  world  war  see  spe- 
cial account  in  this  volume. 


TRANSCONTINENTAL,     AIRPLANE     RACE. 


Many  of  the  best  military  aviators  in  the 
United  States  took  part  in  a  twice  across  the 
American  continent  race  beginning  simultane- 
ously on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coast  on 
Oct.  8  and  ending  Nov.  1.  1919.  It  was 
under  the  auspices  of  the  army  air  service  in 
conjunction  with  the  American  Flying  Club  of 
New  York  city.  Trophies  for  the  beet  time 
made  were  offered  by  various  chambers  of 
commerce  in  the  cities  selected  as  stopping 
places  or  controls.  Each  flyer  had  to  make  a 
stop  of  half  an  h«ur  at  each  halting  place  and 
flying  after  dark,  except  where  unavoidable, 
was  prohibited.  There  was  an  observer  as 
well  as  a  pilot  on  each  machine.  The  distance 
to  be  covered  in  the  round  trip  was  5.400 
miles.  The  official  stops  and  the  distance  to 
the  next  control  follow: 

Mineola.  N.  Y.,  zero:  Binghamtcm.  N.  Y., 
142:  Rochester.  N.  Y.,  125:  Buffalo.  56:  Cleve- 
land. O..  180:  Bryan.  O..  147:  Chicago.  160: 
Rock  Island.  111..  155:  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  158: 
Omaha.  Neb.,  118:  St.  Paul.  Neb..  132:  North 
Platte.  Neb.,  118:  Sidney.  Neb..  112:  Chey- 
enne. Wyo.,  93:  Rawlins.  Wyo..  113:  Green 
River.  Wyo.,  137:  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah.  137: 
Salduro.  Utah,  100:  Battle  Mountain.  Nev.. 
162:  Reno.  Nev.,  169:  Sacramento,  Cal.,  112: 
San  Francisco.  Cal..  75. 

Sixty-three  aviators  started  in  the  race  on 
Oct.  8  and  several  others  of  more  than  eighty 
who  had  entered  started  later.  Forty-eight 
asc^ndpd  from  Roosevelt  fi>ld  at  Mineola.  L.  I.. 
and  fifteen  from  San  Francisco.  Cal.  Not  a1! 
finished.  Some  met  with  mishaps  of  va~ir>us 
kinds,  which  took  them  out  of  the  race,  and  a 


number,  unfortunately,  were  killed  by  falls  or 
collisions. 

The  aviator  making  the  most  spectacular 
race  and  finishing  first  in  the  west  bound  and 
the  round  trip  race  was  Lieut.  Belvin  W. 
Maynard.  a  Baptist  minister  and  winner  of 
trip  contest  between  New  York  and  Montreal. 
Of  the  sixty-odd  who  started  only  eight  com- 
pleted the  entire  race.  These  in  the  order  of 
finish  were:  Lieut.  B.  W.  Maynard.  Capt.  J. 
O.  Donaldson.  Capt.  Lowell  H.  Smith,  Lieut. 
Alexander  Pearson,  Jr.,  Lieut.  Earl  Manzel- 
man,  Lieut.-Col.  Hartney,  Lieut.  R.  H.  Bagby 
and  Lieut.  Robert  Worthington. 

Race  officials  in  Washington  announced  un- 
officially Oct.  23.  that  Lieut.  Alexander  Pear- 
son had  completed  the  double  trip  across  the 
continent  in  the  best  time.  Pearson,  fourth  to 
finish,  made  the  5,400  miles  in  48  hours.  37 
minutes  and  16  seconds,  ten  hours  less  than 
the  time  of  Capt.  Lowell  H.  Smith  or  Capt. 
J.  O.  Donaldson  and  better  than  Lieut.  B.  W. 
Maynard's  record,  even  after  subtracting 
eighteen  hours  spent  by  Maynard  in  replacing 
his  motor  at  Wahoo.  Neb. 

Those  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  race  were: 
Maj.  D.  H.  Crissy.  pilot,  and  Sergt.  Virgil 
Thomas,  at  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah.  Oct.  8: 
Sergt.  W.  H.  Nevitt  at  Port  Deposit.  N.  Y . 
Oct.  8:  Lieut.  E.  V.  Wales,  pilot,  near  Chey- 
enne. Wyo.,  Oct.  9;  Worth  D.  McClure.  pas- 
senger, at  Buffalo.  N.  Y..  Oct.  10:  Lieut. 
French  Kirby.  pilot,  and  Lieut.  Stanley  C. 
Miller,  observer,  in  Summit  county.  Utah. 
Oct.  15. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


549 


TREATY  OF  PEACE  WITH  GERMANY. 


Following;  is  the  complete  text  of  the  treaty 
of  peace  with  Germany  as  finally  adopted  and 
signed  at  Versailles.  France.  June  28,  1919: 


THE_ UNITED   STATES  .  OF  AMERICA.  THE 
EMPIRE. 


IA^ANAMA;  PI 


FA. 

iERB-CROAT-SLOVENE         STAT 
^ZECHO-SLOVAKIA    and  URUGUAY. 


IQUMANLl 


FRANCE.      ITALY     and 
JAPA 

These  Powers  being  described  in  the  present 
Treaty  as  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers. 

BELGIUM.  BOLIVIA.  BRAZIL. 
CUBA.  ECUADOR.  GREECE.  GUA 
HAITI.  THE  HEDJAZ,  HOND 

LAND, 

i 

These  Powers  constituting  with  the  Princi- 
pal Powers  mentioned  above  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers, 

And  GERMANY.  °f    ^    One    Part! 

of  the  other  part: 

Bearing  in  mind  that  on  the  request  of  the 
Imperial  German  Government  an  Armistice  was 
granted  on  November  11.  1918.  to  Germany  by 
the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in 
order  that  a  Treaty  of  Peace  might  be  con- 
cluded with  her.  and 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  being  equal- 
ly desirous  that  the  war  in  which  they  were 
successively  involved  directly  or  indirectly  and 
which  originated  in  the  declaration  of  war 
by  Austria-Hungary  on  July  28.  1914.  against 
Serbia,  the  declaration  of  war  by  Germany 
against  Russia  on  August  1.  1914,  and  against 
France  on  August  3.  1914.  and  in  the  invasion 
of  Belgium,  should  be  replaced  by  a  firm, 
just  and  durable  Peace. 

For  this  purpose  the  HIGH  CONTRACTING 
PARTIES  -represented   as  foUows: 
THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

The  Honourable  Woodrow  Wilson.  President 
of  the  United  States,  acting  in  his  own 
name  aod  by  his  own  proper  authority: 

The  Honourable  Robert  Lansing.  Secretary 
of  State; 

The  Honourable  Henry  White,  formerly  Am- 
bassador Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary 
of  the  United  States  at  Rome  and  Paris; 

The  Honourable  Edward  M.  House: 

General  Tasker  H.  Bliss.  Military  Representa- 
tive of  the  United  States  on  the  Supreme 
War  Council: 
HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  UNITED 

KINGDOM  OF   GR^AT  BRITAIN  AND  IRE- 
LAND AND  OF  THE  BRITISH  DOMINIONS 

BEYOND  THE  SEAS.  EMPEROR  OF  INDIA. 

by: 

The  Right  Honourable  David  Lloyd  George. 
M.  P..  First  Lord  of  His  Treasury  and 
Prime  Minister: 

The  Right  Honourable  Andrew  Bonar  Law, 
M.  P..  His  Lord  Privy  Seal: 

The  Right  Honourable  Viscount  Milner.  G. 
C.  B.,  G.  C.  M.  G..  His  Secretary  of  State 
for  the  Colonies: 

The  Right  Honourable  Arthur  Jameg  Bal- 
four.  O.  M..  M.  P..  His  Secretary  of  State 
for  Foreign  Affairs: 

The  Right  Honourable  George  Nicoll  Barnes. 
M.  P..   Minister  without  portfolio: 
And 

for  the  DOMINION  OF  CANADA,   by: 
The   Honourable    Charles    Joseph   Doherty, 

Minister   of   Justice: 

The  Honourable  Arthur  Lewis  Sifton.  Min- 
ister of  Customs: 

for    the    COMMONWEALTH    OF    AUSTRA- 

The'  Right  Honourable  William  Morris 
Hughes.  Attorney  General  and  Prime 
Minister; 

The  Right  Honourable  Sir  Joseph  Cook.  G. 
C.  M.  G..  Minister  for  the  Navy; 


for  the  UNION  CF   SOUTH  AFRICA,  bv 
General  the  Right  Honourable  Louis  Botha 

MiSlr-  °f  Nattve  Affair9  and  ™» 
Lieutenant-General  the  Right  Honourable 

Defence'-18113311  Smuts-  K>  c-  Minister  of 
^TvP16!?0^1^101*  OF  ,NEW  ZEALAND,  by; 
^.^k^r^LS^*^ 


for  INDIA.  'by: 

The  Right  Honourable  Edwin  Samuel  Mon- 

indYa-  Secretary   of   State   lor 

Major-General      His     Highness     Maharaja 

IS^a-W^S*?:  Mart  8' 

v.  o..  K.  c.  B.  A  "D  c  : 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  FRENCH  REPUB- 
-L/J.U  by  : 


Pichon< 


of  Foreign  Af- 


Mr.  Louis-Lucien  Klotz.  Minister  of  Finance: 
Mr.   Andre  Tardieu.  Commissary  General  for 

Franco-American  Military  Affairs; 
Mr.  Jules  Cambon.  Ambassador  of  France: 
HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  ITALY    by 
Baron  S.  Sonnino.  Deputy; 
Marquis    G.    Imperiali.    Senator.    Ambassador 
of^His  Majesty  the  King  of  Italy  at  Lon- 

Mr.  S.  Crespi,  Deputy; 
HIS  MAJESTY  THE  EMPEROR  OF   JAPAN. 

Marquis  Saionzi.  formerly  President  of  the 
Council  of  Ministers; 

Baron  Makino.  formerly  Minister  for  For- 
eign Affairs.  Member  of  the  Diplomatic 
Council ; 

Viscount  Chinda.  Ambassador  Extraordinary 
and  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  Emperor 
of  Japan  at  London: 

Mr-  A,  M.atsui.  .Ambassador  Extraordinary 
and  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  Emperor 
of  Japan  at  Paris: 

Mi\  H.  Ijuin.  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and 
Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  Emperor  of 
Japan  at  Rome: 

HIS    MAJESTY    THE    KING    OF    THE    BEL- 
GIANS, by: 

Mr.  .Paul  Hymana.  Minister  of  Foreign  Af- 
fairs. Minuter  of  State: 

.Mr.  Jules  van  de  Heuvel.  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary.  Minister 
of  State: 

Mr.    Emile  Vandervelde.   Minister  of  Justice 

Minister  of  State: 
THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 

BOLIVIA,  by: 

Mr.  I?mael  Montes.  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 

Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Bolivia  at  Paris- 

THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 

BRAZIL,  by: 

Mr  Joao  Pa-ndia  Calogeras.  Deputy,  formerly 
Minister  of  Finance; 

Mr.  Paul  Fernandes.  Deputy; 

Mr.    Rodrigo    Octavio    de    L.    Menezes.    Pro- 
fessor   of    International    Law    of    Rio    de 
Janeiro: 
THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    CHINESE    RE- 

JT UBLIC.    Dy  * 

Mr.  Lou  Tseng-Tsiang.  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs: 

Mr.  Chengting  Thomas  Wang,  formerly  Min- 
ister of  Agriculture  and  Commerce; 
THE   PRESIDENT  OF  THE  CUBAN  REPUB- 

LIC.   by : 

Mr.  Antonio  Sanchez  de  Bustamante.  Dean 
of  the  Faculty  of  Law  in  the  University  of 
Havana.  President  of  the  Cuban  Society 
of  International  Law: 

OF    THE   EEPUBLIC   OF 


£50 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


ESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
MALA,  by; 


Mr.    Enriaue   Dorn   y    de   Alsna,    Envoy    Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of 
Ecuador  at  Paris; 
HIS    MAJESTY    THE    KING    OF    THE    HEL- 

Mr.    Eleftherios   K.    yeniselos.    President   of 

the  Council  of  Ministers: 
Mr.  Nicolas  Politis.  Minister  for  Foreign  Af- 

lairs ; 

'TGUATE 

Mr.  JoaQuin"Mendez,  formerly  Minister  of 
State  for  Public  Works  and  Public  In- 
struction, Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Min- 
ister Plenipotentiary  of  Guatemala  at 
Washington,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  on  special  mission 
at  Paris; 

THE    PRESDDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 

Mr.    Tertuliien     Guilbaud.     Envoy     Extraor- 
dinary    and     Minister    Plenipotentiary     of 
Haiti  at  Paris; 
HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  HEDJA2L 

Mr*.  Rustem  Haidar; 
Mr.  Abdul  Hadi  Aouni: 
E  PRESIDENT  OF     THE     REPUBLIC  OF 

'.  Policarpb  Bonilla,  on  special  mission  to 
Washington,  formerly  President  of  the  Re- 
public of  Honduras,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary; 

PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 

^EKIA.  by: 

e    Honourable    Charles     Dunbar     Burgess 
King,    Secretary  of   State; 
E    PRESIDENT    OF    THE   REPUBLIC    OF 

!r.   Salvador'  Cha'morro.   President     of     the 

Chamber  of  Deputies; 

E    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 

ANAHA.  by: 

!r.    Antonio    Burgos.    Envoy    Extraordinary 

and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Panama  at 

Madrid; 

5SIDENT    OF    THE  REPUBLIC   OP 


THE 
LIB 
The 


. 

[r.  Carlos  G  Candamo,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Peru  at 
Paris; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  POLISH  REPUB- 
T<IC.   by  : 

Mr.   Ignace  J.  Paderewski,   President  of  the 
Council  of  Ministers.  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs  : 
Mr.  Roman  Dmowski.  President  of  the  Pol- 

ish National  Committee; 
THEpPRESrDENT     OF     THE    PORTUGUESE 

Dr.     Affoneo    Augusto    da    Costa,     formerly 
President  of  the  Council  of  Ministers: 

Dr.    Augusto    Luiz    Vieira    Scares,     formerly 

Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs; 
HIS   MAJESTY   THE   KING   OF  ROUMANIA, 


fe: 


Ir.  Ion  I.  C.  Bratiano.  President  of  the 
Council  of  Ministers.  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs: 

General  Constantin  Coanda.   Corps  Comman- 
der. A.  D.  C.   to  the  King,  formerly  Presi- 
dent  of   the  Council  of  Ministers; 
HIS   MAJESTY   THE  KING   OF   THE   SERBS. 

THE  CROATS  AND  THE  SLOVENES,  by :. 

Mr.  Nicholas  P.  Pachitch.  formerly  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council  of  Ministers; 

Mr.  Ante  Trumbic.  Minister  for  Foreign  Af- 
fairs : 

Mr.  Milenko  Vesnitch.    Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the 
King    of    the    Serbs,    the    Croats    and    the 
Slovenes    at   Pans: 
KS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  SIAM.  by: 

His  Highness  Prince  Charoon,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of 
H.  M.  the  King  of  Siam  at  Paris; 


His  Serene  Highness  Prince  Traidos  Prab- 
andhu.  Under  Secretary  of  State  for  For- 
eign Affairs; 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  CZECHO-SLOVAK 
.REPUBLIC,   by: 
Mr.  Karel  Kramar,  President  of   the  Council 

of    Ministers; 

Mr.  Eduard  Benes,  Minister  for  Foreign  Af- 
fairs; ' 

THE    PRESIDENT   OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
URUGUAY,   by; 

Mr.   Juan    Antonio   Buero.   Minister  for  For- 
eign Affairs,  formerly  Minister  of  Industry: 
GERMANY,  by: 
Mr.    Hermann   Muller,   Minister   for  Foreign 

Affairs  of  the  Empire; 
Dr.  Bell,  Minister  of  the  Empire; 

Acting  in  the  name  of  the  German  Empire 
and  of  each  and  every  component   State. 
WHO   having:   communicated   their  full  pow- 
ers    found     in     good     and     due     form     have 
AGREED  AS  FOLLOWS: 

"From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  state  of  war  will  terminate.  From 
that  moment  and  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
this  Treaty  official  relations  with  Germany, 
and  with  any  of  the  German  States,  will  be 
resumed  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers. 

PART  I. 

THE  COVENANT  OF  THE  LEAGUE  OF  NA- 
TIONS. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties. 
.  In   order  to   promote   international  co-opera- 
tion and  to  achieve  international  peace  and  se- 
curity 

by    the    acceptance    of    obligations    not    to 

resort  to  war. 

by  the  prescription  of  open,  just  and  hon- 
ourable relations  between  nations, 
b.v  the  firm  establishment  of  the  under- 
standings of  international  law  as  the 
actual  rule  of  conduct  among  Govern- 
ments, and 

by  the  maintenance  of  justice  and  a 
scrupulous  respect  for  all  treaty  obliga- 
tions in  the  dealings  of  organised  peoples 
with  one  another. 

Agree  to  this  Covenant  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions. 

Article  1. 

The  original  Members  of  the  League  oJt  Na« 
tions  shall  be  those  of  the  Signatories  which 
are  named  in  the  Annex  to  this  Covenant  and 
also  such  of  those  other  States  named  in  the 
Annex  as  shall  accede  without  reservation 
to  this  Covenant.  Such  accession  shall  b« 
effected  by  a  Declaration  deposited  with  the 
Secretariat  within  two  months  of  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  Covenant.  Notice  thereof 
shall  be  sent  to  all  other  Members  of  the 

Any  fully  self-governing  State.  Dominion  or 
Colony  not  named  in  the  Annex  may  become 
a  Member  of  the  League  if  its  admission  is 
agreed  to  by  two-thirds  of  the  Assembly,  pro- 
vided that  it  shall  give  effective  guarantee* 
of  its  sincere  intention  to  observe  its  inter- 
national obligations,  and  shall  accept  such 
regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  League 
in  regard  to  its  military,  naval  and  air  forces 
and  armaments.  , 

Any  member  of  the  League  may.  after  two 
years'  notice  of  its  intention  so  to  do,  with- 
draw from  the  League,  provided  that  all  iti 
international  obligations  and  all  its  obligations 
under  this  Covenant  shall  have  been  fulfilled 
at  the  time  of  its  withdrawal. 
Article  2. 

The  action  of  the  League  under  this  Cove- 
nant shall  be  effected  through  the  instrumen- 
tality of  an  Assembly  and  of  a  Council,  •with 
a  permanent  Secretariat. 

Article  S. 

The  Assembly  shall  consist  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  Members  of  the  League. 

The  Assembly  shall  meet  at  stated  intervals 
and  from  time  to  time  as  occasion  may  re- 
quire at  the  Seat  of  the  League  or  at  tuck 
other  place  as  may  be  decided  upon. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


551 


The  Assembly  may  deal  at  its  meetings  with 
any  matter  within  the  sphere  of  action  of  the 
League  or  affecting  the  peace  of  the  world. 

At  meetings  of  the  Assembly  each  Member 
of  the  League  shall  have  one  vote,  and  may 
have  not  more  than  three  Representatives. 

Article,  4. 

The  Council  shall  consist  of  Representatives 
of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers, 
together  with  representatives  of  four  other 
Members  of  the  League.  These  four  members 
of  the  League  shall  be  selected  by  the  Assem- 
bly from  time  to  time  in  its  discretion.  Until 
the  appointment  of  the  Representatives  of  the 
four  Members  of  the  League  first  selected  by 
the  Assembly,  Representatives  of  Belgium, 
Brazil,  Spain  and  Greece  shall  be  members  of 
the  Council. 

With  the  approval  of  the  majority  of  the 
Assembly,  the  Council  may  name  additional 
Members  of  the  League  whose  Representatives 
shall  always  be  members  of  the  Council:  the 
Council  with  like  approval  may  increase  the 
number  of  Members  of  the  League  to  be  se- 
lected by  the  Assembly  for  representation  on 
the  Council. 

The  Council  shall  meet  from  time  to  time 
as  occasion  may  require,  and  at  least  once  a 
year,  at  the  Seat  of  the  League,  or  at  such 
other  place  as  may  be  decided  upon. 

The  Council  may  deal  at  its  meetings  with 
any  matter  within  the  sphere  of  action  of  the 
League  or  affecting  the  peace  of  the  world. 

Any  Member  of  the  League  not  represented 
on  the  Council  shall  be  invited  to  send  a  Rep- 
resentative to  sit  as  a  member  at  any  meeting 
of  the  Council  dunng  the  consideration  of  mat- 
ters specially  affecting  the  interests  of  that 
Member  of  the  League. 

At  meetings  of  the  Council,  each  Member 
of  the  League  represented  on  the  Council  shall 
have  one  vote,  and  may  have  not  more  than 
one  representative. 

Article  5. 

Except  where  otherwise  expressly  provided 
in  this  Covenant  or  by  the  terms  of  the  pres- 
ent Treaty,  decisions  at  any  meeting  of  the 
Assembly  or  of  the  Council  shall  require  the 
agreement  of  all  the  Members  of  the  League 
represented  at  the  meeting. 

All  matters  of  procedure  at  meetings  of  the 
Assembly  or  of  the  Council,  including  the  ap- 
pointment of  Committees  to  investigate  par- 
ticular matters,  shall  be  regulated  by  the  As- 
sembly or  by  the  Council  and  may  be  decided 
Dy  a  majority  of  the  Members  of  the  League 
represented  at  the  meeting. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Assembly  and  the 
first  meeting  of  the  Council  shall  be  sum- 
moned by  the  President  of  the  United  States 
of  America. 

Article  6. 

The  permanent  Secretariat  shall  be  estab- 
lished at  the  Seat  of  the  League.  The  Secre- 
tariat shall  comprise  a  Secretary  General  and 
such  secretaries  and  staff  as  may  be  required. 

The  first  Secretary  General  shall  be  the  per- 
son named  in  the  Annex:  thereafter  the  Secre- 
tary General  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Council 
with  the  approval  of  the  majority  of  the  As- 
sembly. 

The  secretaries  and  staff  of  the  Secretariat 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  General 
with  the  approval  of  the  Council. 

The  Secretary  General  shall  act  in  that  ca- 
pacity at  all  meetings  of  the  Assembly  and 
of  the  Council. 

The  expenses  of  the  Secretariat  shall  be 
borne  by  the  Members  of  the  League  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  apportionment  of  the  ex- 
penses of  the  International  Bureau  of  the 
Universal  Postal  Union. 

Article  7. 
The    Seat    of    the  League   is   established   at 

Geneva. 

The  Council  may  at  any  time  decide  that  the 

Seat  of   the  League   shall  be  established  else- 
All  positions  under  or  in  connection  with  the 


League,  including  the  Secretariat,  shall  be  open 
equally  to  men  and  womeu. 

Representatives  of  the  Members  of  the  League 
and  officials  of  the  League  when  engaged  on 
the  business  of  the  League  shall  enjoy  diplo- 
matic privileges  and  immunities. 

The  buildings  and  other  property  occupied 
by  the  League  or  its  officials  or  by  Represent- 
atives attending  its  meetings  shall  be  invio- 
lable. 

Article  8. 

The  Members  of  the  League  recognise  that 
the  maintenance  of  peace  requires  the  reduc- 
tion of  national  armaments  to  the  lowest  point 
consistent  with  national  safety  and  the  en- 
forcement by  common  action  of  international 
obligations. 

The  Council,  taking  account  of  the  geo- 
graphical situation  and  circumstances  of  each 
State,  shall  formulate  plans  for  such  reduction 
for  the  consideration  and  action  of  the  several 
Governments. 

Such  plans  shall  be  subject  to  reconsidera- 
tion and  revision  at  least  every  ten  years. 

After  these  plans  shall  have  been  adopted 
by  the  several  Governments,  the  limits  of 
armaments  therein  fixed  shall  not  be  exceeded 
without  the  concurrence  of  the  Council. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree  that  the 
manufacture  by  private  enterpiise  of  muni- 
tions and  implements  of  war  is  open  to  grave 
objections.  The  Council  shall  advise  how  the 
evil  effects  attendant  upon  such  manufacture 
can  be  prevented,  due  regard  being  had  to  the 
necessities  of  those  Members  of  the  League 
which  are  not  able  to  manufacture  the  muni- 
tions and  implements  of  war  necessary  for 
their  safety. 

The  .  Members  of  the  League  undertake  to 
interchange  full  and  frank  information  as  to 
the  scale  of  their  armaments,  their  military. 
naval  and  air  programmes  and  the  condition 
of  such  of  their  industries  as  are  adaptable 
to  war-like  purposes. 

Article  9. 

A  permanent  Commission  shall  be  constituted 
to  advise  the  Council  on  the  execution  of  the 
provisions   of   Articles   1    and  8   and   on  mili- 
tary. naval  and  air  questions  generally. 
Article   10. 

The  Members  of  the  League  undertake  to 
respect  and  preserve  as  against  external  ag- 
gression the  territorial  integrity  and  existing 
political  independence  of  all  Members  of  the 
League.  In  case  of  any  such  aggression  or 
in  case  of  any  threat  or  daoger  of  such  ag- 
gression the  Council  shall  advise  upon  th» 
means  by  which  this  obligation  shall  be  ful- 


Any  war  or  threat  of  war.  whether  imme- 
diately affecting  any  of  the  Members  of  the 
League  or  not.  is  hereby  declared  a  matter  of 
concern  to  the  whole  League,  and  the  League 
shall  take  any  action  that  may  be  deemed 
wise  and  effectual  to  safeguard  the  peace  of 
nations.  In  case  any  such  emergency  should 
arise  the  Secretary  General  shall  on  the  re- 
quest of  any  Member  of  the  League  forthwith 
summon  a  meeting  of  the  Council. 

It  is  also  declared  to  be  the  friendly  right 
of  each  Member  of  the  league  to  bring  to  the 
attention  of  the  Assembly  or  of  the  Council 
any  circumstance  whatever  affecting  interna- 
tional relations  which  threaten  to  disturb 
international  peace  or  th«  good  understanding 
between  nations  upon  which  peace  depends. 
Article  12. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree  that  if 
there  should  arise  between  them  any  dispute 
likely  to  lead  to  a  rupture,  they  will  submit 
the  matter  either  to  arbitration  or  to  inquiry 
by  the  Council,  and  they  agree  in  no  case  to 
resort  to  war  until  three  months  after  the 
award  by  the  arbitrators  or  the  report  by  tn» 

C°InnCa1ny  case  under  this  Article  the  award  of 
the  arbitrators  shall  be  made  within  a  reason- 


652 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


able  time,  and  the  report  of  the  Council  shall 
be  made  within  six  months  alter  the  submis- 
sion of  the  dispute. 

Article   IS. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree  that  when- 
ever  any  dispute  shall  arise  between  them 
which  tney  recognise  to  be  suitable  tor  sub- 
mission to  arbitration  and  winch  cannot  be 
satisfactorily  settled  by  diplomacy,  they  will 
BUumit  the  whole  subject-matter  to  arbitra- 
tion. 

Disputes  as  to  the  interpretation  of  a  treaty. 
as  to  any  question  of  international  law.  as  to 
tiie  existence  01  any  fact  wnich  11  established 
would  constitute  a  breach  of  any  international 
obligation,  pr  as  to  the  extent  and  nature  of 
the  reparation  to  be  made  lor  any  such  breach, 
are  declared  to  be  among:  those  whicn  are  gen- 
erally suitable  for  submission  to  arbitration. 

For  the  consideration  of  any  such  dispute 
the  court  of  arbitration  to  which  the  case  is 
referred  shall  be  the  Court  agreed  on  by  the 
parties  to  the  dispute  op  stipulated  in  any 
convention  existing  between  them. 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree  that  they 
will  carry  out  in  full  good  faith  any  award 
that  may  be  rendered,  and  that  they  will  not 
resort  to  war  against  a  Member  of  the  League 
which  complies  therewith.  In  the  event  of  any 
failure  to  carry  out  such  an  award,  the  Coun- 
cil shall  propose  what  steps  should  be  taken 
to  give  effect  thereto. 

Article  14. 

The  Coiincil  shall  formulate  and  submit  to 
the  Members  of  the  League  for  adoption  plans 
for  the  establishment  of  a  Permanent  Court 
of  International  Justice.  The  Court  shall  be 
competent  to  hear  and  determine  any  dispute 
of  an  international  character  which  the  par- 
ties thereto  submit  to  it.  The  Court  may  also 
Sive  an  advisory  opinion  upon  any  dispute  or 
question  referred  to  it  by  the  Council  or  by 
the  Assembly. 

Article  15. 

If  there  should  arise  between  Members  of  the 
League  any  dispute  likely  to  lead  to  a  rup- 
ture, which  is  not  submitted  to  arbitration  in 
accordance  with  Article  13.  the  Members  of 
the  League  agree  that  they  will  submit  the 
matter  to  the  Council.  Any  party  to  the  dis- 
pute may  effect  such  submission  by  giving  no- 
tice of  the  existence  of  the  dispute  to  the 
Secretary  General,  who  will  make  all  neces- 
sary arrangements  for  a  full  investigation  and 
consideration  thereof. 

For  this  purpose  the  parties  to  the  dispute 
will  communicate  to  the  Secretary  General,  as 
promptly  as  possible,  statements  of  their  case 
with  all  *he  relevant  facts  and  papers,  and 
the  Council  may  forthwith  direct  the  publica- 

The  Council  shall  endeavour  to  effect  a  set- 
tlement of  th»  dispute,  and  if  such  efforts  are 
•uccessful.  a  statement  shall  be  made  public 
giving1  such  facts  and  explanations  regarding 
tne  dispute  and  the  terms  of  settlement  there- 
of as  the  Council  may  deem  appropriate. 

If  the  dispute  is  not  thus  settled*  the  Council 
either  unanimously  or  by  a  majority  vote  shall 
make  and  publish  a  report  containing  a  state- 
ment of  the  facts  of  the  dispute  and  the  recom- 
mendn.ions  which  are  deemed  just  and  proper 
in  regard  thereto. 

Any  Member  of  the  League  represented  on 
the  Council  may  make  public  a  statement  of 
the  facts  of  the  dispute  and  of  ita  conclusions 
regarding  the  same. 

If  a  report  by  the  Council  is  unanimously 
agreed  to  by  the  members  thereof  other  than 
the  Representatives  of  one  or  more  of  the  par- 
tie*  to  Ihe  dispute,  the  Members  of  the  League 
agree  that  they  will  not  go  to  war  with  any 
party  to  the  dispute  which  complies  with  the 
recommendations  of  the  report. 

If  the  Council  fails  to  reach  a  report  which 
is  unanimously  agreed  to  by  the  members 
thereof,  other  than  the  Representatives  of 
one  or  more  of  the  parties  to  the  dispute,  the 


Members  of  the  League  reserve  to  themselves 
the  right  to  take  such  action  as  they  shall 
consider  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  right 
and  justice. 

If  the  dispute  between  the  parties  is  claimed 
by  one  of  them,  and  is  found  by  the  Council, 
to  arise  out  of  a  matter  which  by  interna- 
tional law  is  solely  within  the  domestic  juris- 
diction of  that  party,  the  Council  shall  so  re- 
port, and  shall  make  no  recommendation  as  to 
its  settlement. 

The  Council  may  in  any  case  under  this  Ar- 
ticle refer  the  dispute  to  the  Assembly.  The 
aitipute  snail  be  so  referred  at  the  request  of 
eitner  party  to  the  dispute,  provided  that  such 
request  be  made  within  fourteen  days  after  the 
submission  of  the  dispute  to  the  Council. 

In  any  case  referred  to  the  Assembly,  all  the 
provisions  of  this  Article  and  of  Article  12 
relating  to  the  action  and  powers  of  the  Coun- 
cil shall  apply  to  the  action  and  powers  of  the 
Assembly,  provided  that  a  report  made  by  the 
Assembly,  if  concurred  in  by  the  Representa- 
tives of  those  Members  of  the  League  repre- 
sented on  the  Council  and  of  a  majority  of 
the  other  Members  of  the  League,  exclusive  in 
each  case  of  the  Representatives  of  the  par- 
ties to  the  dispute,  shall  have  the  same  force 
as  a  report  by  the  Council  concurred  in  by  all 
the  members  thereof  other  than  the  Repre- 
sentatives of  one  or  more  of  the  parties  to 
the  dispute. 

Article   16. 

Should  any  Member  of  the  League  resort  to 
war  in  disregard  of  its  covenants  under  Ar- 
ticles 12.  13  or  15.  it  shall  ipso  facto  be 
deemed  to  have  committed  an  act  of  war 
against  all  other  Members  of  the  League, 
which  hereby  undertake  immediately  to  sub- 
ject it  to  the  severance  of  all  trade  or  financial 
relations  the  prohibition  of  all  intercourse  be- 
tween their  nt  tionals  and  the  nationals  of  the 
covenant-breaking  State,  and  the  preventipn  of 
all  financial,  commercial  or  personal  inter- 
course between  the  nationals  of  the  covenant- 
breaking  State  and  the  nationals  of  any  other 
State,  whether  a  Member  of  the  League  or 

It*  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Council  in  such 
rase  to  recommend  to  the  several  Govern- 
ments concerned  what  effective  military,  naval 
or  air  force  the  Members  of  the  League  shall 
severally  contribute  to  the  armed  forces  to 
be  used  to  protect  the  convenants  of  the 

The  Members  of  the  League  agree,  further, 
that  they  will  mutually  support  one  another 
in  the  financial  and  economic  measures  which 
are  taken  under  this  Article,  in  order  to 
minimise  the  loss  and  inconvenience  resulting 
from  the  above  measures,  and  that  they  will 
mutually  support  one  another  in  resisting  any 
special  measures  aimed  at  one  of  their  num- 
ber by  the  covenant-breaking  State,  and  that 
they  will  take  the  necessary  steps  to  af- 
ford passage  through  their  territory  to  the 
forces  of  any  of  the  members  of  the  League 
which  are  co-operating  to  protect  the  cov- 
enants of  the  League. 

Any  Member  of  the  League  which  has  vio- 
lated any  covenant  of  the  League  may  be  de- 
clared to  be  no  longer  a  Member  of  the 
League  by  a  vote  of  the  Council  concurred 
in  by  the  Representatives  of  all  the  other 
Members  of  the  League  represented  thereon. 

Article   17. 

In  the  event  of  a  dispute  between  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  League  and  a  State  which  is  not 
a  Member  of  the  League,  or  between  States 
not  Members  of  the  League,  the  State  or 
States  not  Members  of  the  League  shall  be 
invited  to  accept  the  obligations  of  mem- 
bership in  the  League  for  the  purposes  of 
such  dispute,  upon  such  conditions  as  the 
Council  may  deem  just.  If  such  invitation 
is  accepted,  the  provisions  of  Articles  12 
to  16  inclusive  shall  be  applied  with  such 
modifications  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by 
the  Council. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


553 


Upon  such  invitation  being-  given  the  Coun- 
cil shall  immediately  institute  an  inquiry  into 
the  circumstances  of  the  dispute  and  recom- 
mend such  action  as  may  seem  best  and 
most  effectual  in  the  circumstances. 

If  a  State  so  invited  shall  refuse  to  ac- 
cept the  obligations  of  membership  in  the 
League  for  the  purposes  oi  such  dispute,  and 
shall  resort  to  war  against  a  Member  of  the 
.League,  the  provisions  of  Article  16  shall 
be  applicable  as  against  the  State  taking 


If 


both  parties  to  the  dispute  when  so  in- 
vited refuse  to  accept  the  obligations  of 
membership  in  the  League  for  the  purposes 
of  such  dispute,  the  Council  may  take  such 
measures  and  make  such  recommendations  as 
will  prevent  hostilities  and  will  result  in  the 
settlement  of  the  dispute. 

Article   18. 

Every  treaty  or  international  engagement 
entered  into  hereafter  by  any  member  of  the 
League  shall  be  forthwith  registered  with  the 
Secretariat  and  shall  as  soon  as  possible  be 
published  by  it.  No  such  treaty  or  interna- 
tional engagement  shall  be  binding  until  eo 
registered. 

Article  19. 

The  Assembly  may  from  time  to  time  ad- 
vise the  reconsideration  by  Members  of  the 
League  of  treaties  which  have  become  in- 
applicable and  the  consideration  of  interna- 
tional conditions  whose  continuance  might 
endanger  the  peace  of  the  world. 
Article  20. 

The  Members  of  the  League  severally  agree 
that  this  Covenant  is  accepted  as  abrogating 
all  obligations  or  understandings  inter  se 
which  are  inconsistent  with  the  terms  thereof. 
and  solemnly  undertake  that  they  will  not 
hereafter  enter  into  any  engagements  incon- 
sistent with  the  terms  thereof. 

In  case  any  Member  of  the  League  shall. 
before  becoming  a  Member  of  the  League. 
have  undertaken  any  obligations  inconsistent 
with  the  terms  of  this  Covenant,  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  such  Member  to  take  immediate 
steps  to  procure  its  release  from  such  obli- 
gations. 

Article  91. 

Nothing1  in  this  Covenant  shall  be  deemed 
to  affect  the  validity  of  international  engage- 
ments. such  as  treaties  of  arbitration  or  re- 
gional understandings  like  the  Monroe  doctrine. 
for  securing-  the  maintenance  of  peace. 
Article  22. 

To  those  colonies  and  territories  which  as 
a  consequence  of  the  late  war  have  ceased  to 
be  under  the  sovereignty  of  the  States  which 
formerly  governed  them  and  which  are  inhab- 
ited by  peoples  not  yet  able  to  stand  by  them- 
selves under  the  strenuous  conditions  of  the 
modern  world,  there  should  be  applied  the 
principle  that  the  well-being  and  development 
of  such  peoples  form  a  sacrpd  tTist  of  civ- 
ilisation and  that  securities  for  the  perform- 
ance of  this  trust  should  be  embodied  in  this 
Covenant. 

The  best  method  of  giving1  "practical  effect 
to  this  principle  is  that  the  tutelage  of  such 
peoples  should  be  entrusted  to  advanced  na- 
tions who  by  reason  of  their  resources,  their 
experience  or  their  geographical  position  can 
best  undertake  this  responsibility,  and  who 
are  willing  to  accept  it.  and  that  this  tutelage 
should  be  exercised  by  them  as  Mandatories 
on  behalf  of  the  League. 

The  character  of  the  mandate  must  differ 
according  to  the  stage  of  the  development  of 
the  people,  the  geographical  situation  of  the 
territory,  its  economic  conditions  and  other 
similar  circumstances. 

Certain  communities  formerly  belonging  to 
the  Turkish  Empire  have  reached  a  stage  of 
development  where  their  existence  as  inde- 
pendent nations  can  be  provisionally  recog- 
nised subject  to  the  rendering  of  administra- 
tive advice  and  assistance  by  a  Mandatory  r 


til  such  time  as  they  are  able  to  stand  alone. 
The  wishes  of   these  communities   must   be   a 

S-mcipal  consideration  in  the  selection  of  the 
andatory. 

Other  peoples,  especially  those  of  Central 
Africa,  are  at  such  a  stage  that  the  Man- 
datory must  be  responsible  for  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  territory  under  conditions  which, 
will  guarantee  freedom  of  conscience  and  re- 
ligion, subject  only  to  the  maintenance  of  pub- 
lic order  and  morals,  the  prohibition  of  abuses 
such  as  the  slave  trade,  the  arms  traffic  and 
the  liquor  traffic,  and  the  prevention  of  the 
establishment  of  fortifications  or  military  and 
naval  bases  and  of  military  training  of  the 
natives  for  other  than  police  purposes  and  the 
defence  of  territory,  and  will  also  secure  equal 
opportunities  for  the  trade  and  commerce  of 
other  Members  of  the  League. 

There  are  territories,  such  as  South -West 
Africa  and  certain  of  the  South  Pacific  Islands, 
which,  owing  to  the  sparse-ness  of  their  popu- 
lation or  their  small  size,  or  their  remote- 
ness from  the  centres  of  civilisation,  or  their 
geographical  contiguity  to  the  territory  of  the 
Mandatory,  and  other  circumstances,  can  be 
best  administered  under  the  laws  of  the  Man- 
datory as  integral  portions  of  its  territory, 
subject  to  the  safeguards  above  mentioned  in 
the  interests  of  the  indigenous  population. 

In  every  case  of  mandate  the  Mandatory 
shall  render  to  the  Council  an  annual  report 
in  reference  to  the  territory  committed  to  its 

The  degree  of  authority,  control,  or  adminis- 
tration to  be  exercised  by  the  Mandatory 
shall,  if  not  previously  agreed  upon  by  the 
Members  of  the  League,  be  explicitly  defined 
in  each  case  by  the  Council. 

A  permanent  Commission  shall  be  consti- 
ti:ted  to  receive  and  examine  the  annual  re- 
ports of  the  Mandatories  and  to  advise  the 
Council  on  all  matters  relating-  to  the  observ- 
ance of  the  mandates. 

Article  23. 

Subject  to  and  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  international  conventions  existing-  or 
hereafter  to  be  agreed  upon,  the  Members  of 
the  League: 

(a)  will    endeavor    to    secure    and    maintain 
fair  and  humane  conditions  of  labour  for  men. 
women,  and  children,  both  in  their  own  coun- 
tries and  in  all  countries  to  which  their  com- 
mercial   and    industrial    relations   extend,    and 
for  that   purpose   will  establish    and   maintain 
the    necessary    international    organisations: 

(b)  undertake    to    secure    just    treatment   of 
the   native     inhabitants     of     territories   under 
their  control: 

(c)  will   entrust  the  League  with   the  gen- 
eral supervision  over  the  execution   of   agree- 
ments with  regard  to  the  traffic  in  women  and 
children,  and    the   traffic   in    opium    and  other 
dangerous    drugs : 

(d)  will   entrust   the  League  with  the  gen- 
eral   supervision    of    the    trade    in    arms    and 
ammunition   with   the  countries  in   which  the 
control  of  this  traffic  is  necessary  in  the  com- 
mon interest: 

(e)  will  make  provision  to  secure  and  main- 
tain freedom  of  communications  and  of  transit 
and  equitable  treatment   for  the  commerce  of 
all    Members    of    the    League.       In    this    con- 
nection,   the  special  necessities  of   the  regions 
devastated  during  the  war  of  1914-1918  shall 
be  borne  in  mind: 

(f)  will  endeavour  to  take  steps  in  matters 
of  international  concern  for  the  prevention  and 
control   of  disease. 

Article  24. 

There  shall  be  placed  under  the  direction 
of  the  League  all  international  bureaux  al- 
ready established  by  ereneral  treaties  if  th» 
pnrties  to  such  treaties  consent.  All  such 
international  bureaux  and  all  commissions  for 
the  regulation  of  matters  of  international  In- 
terest hereafter  constituted  shall  be  placed  un- 
Cer  the  direction  of  the  League. 


554 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


In  all  matters  of  international  interest  which 
are  regulated  by  general  conventions  but 
which  are  not  placed  under  the  control  of  in- 
ternational bureaux  or  commissions,  the  Secre- 
tariat of  the  League  shall,  subject  to  the 
consent  of  the  Council  and  if  desired  by  the 
parties,  collect  and  distribute  all  relevant  .in- 
formation and  shall  render  any  other  assist- 
ance which  may  be  necessary  or  desirable. 

The  Council  may  include  as  part  of  the  ex- 
penses of  the  Secretariat  the  expenses  of  any 
bureau  or  commission   which  19  placed  under 
the  direction  of  the  League. 
Article  25. 

The  Members  of  ths  League  agree  to  encour- 
age and  promote  the  establishment  and  co- 
operation of  duly  authorised  voluntary  na- 
tional Red  Cross  organizations  having  as  pur- 
poses the  improvement  of  health,  the  preven- 
tion of  disease  and  the  mitigation  of  sufienng1 
throughout  the  world. 

Article  26. 

Amendments  to  this  Covenant  will  take  effect 
when  ratified  by  the  Members  of  the  League 
whose  Representatives  compose  the  Council 
Ind  by  a  majority  of  the  Members  of  the 
League  whose  Representatives  compose  the  As- 

§6No  ^iach  amendment  shall  bind  any  Member 
of  the  League  which  signifies  its  dissent  there- 
from,  but   in   that   case   it   shall  cease  to  be 
a  Member  of  the  League. 
ANNEX. 

7.    Original  Members  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions Signatories  of  the  Treaty  of  Peace. 
United  States  of  Amcr-  Haiti. 

ica  Hcdjaz. 

Belgium.  Honduras. 

Bolivia.  Italy. 

Brazil.  Japan. 

British  Empire.  Liberia. 

Canada.  Nicaragua. 

Australia.  Panama. 

South  Africa.  Peru. 

New  Zealand.  Poland. 

India.  Portugrl. 

China.  Roumania. 

Cuba  Serb-Croat-Slovene 

Ecuador.  State. 

Siam. 

Czecho-Slovakia. 
Guatemala.  Uruguay. 

States  Invited  to  Accede  to   the  Covenant. 
Argentine    Republic.       Persia. 
Chili.  Salvador. 

Colombia.  Spain. 

Denmark.  Sweden. 

Netherlands.  Switzerland. 

Norway.  Venezuela. 

Paraguay. 

77.  First  Secretary  General  of  the  League  of 
Nations. 

The  Honorable  Sir  James  Eric  Drummond, 
K.  C.  M.  G.,  C.  B. 

PART  H. 

BOUNDARIES    OF    GERMANY. 
Article  27. 

The  boundaries  of  Germany  will  be  deter- 
mined as  follows" 

7.   With  Belgium. 

From  the  point  common  to  the  three  fron- 
tiers of  Belgium,  Holland  and  Germany  and 
in  a  southerly  direction: 

the  north-eastern  boundary  of  the  former 
territory  of  neutral  Moresnet.  then  the  eastern 
boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Eupen,  then  the 
frontier  betwf»en  Belgium  and  the  Kreis  of 
Montjoie.  then  the  north-eastern  and  eastern 
boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Malmedy  to  ita  junc- 
tion with  the  frontier  of  Luxemburg. 

t .   With  Luxemburg: 

The  frontier  of  August  3.  1914,  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  frontier  of  France  of  the  18th 
July.  1870. 


S     With  France: 

The  frontier  of  July  18.  1870.  from  Luxem- 
burg to  Switzerland  with  the  reservations 
nado  in  Article  48  of  Section  IV  (Saar 
Basin)  of  Part  HI. 

If.  With  Switzerland: 

The    present   frontier. 

5.  With  Austria: 

The  frontier  of  August  3,  1914,  from 
Switzerland  to  Czecho-Slovakia  as  hereinafter 
denned.  , 

6.  With  Czecho-Slovakia: 

The  frontier  of  August  3,  1914,  between 
Germany  and  Austria  irom  its  junction  with 
the  old  administrative  boundary  separating 
Bohemia  and  the  province  of  Upper  Austria 
to  the  point  north  of  the  salient  of  the  old 
province  of  Austrian  Silesia  situated  at  about 
8  kilometres  east  of  Neustadt. 

7.  With  Poland: 

From  the  point  defined  above  to  a  point  to 
be  fixed  on  the  ground  about  2  kilometres 
east  of  Lorzendorf : 

the  frontier  as  it  will  be  fixed  in  accordance 
with  Article  88  of  the  present  Treaty; 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  to  the  point 
where  the  administrative  boundary  of  Pos- 
nania  crosses  the  river  Bartsch: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  leaving  the 
following  places  in  Poland:  Skonschau. 
Reichthal.  Trembatschau.  Kunzendorf,  Schieise 
Gross  Kosel.  Schreibersdorf.  Rippin,  Furstlich- 
Niefken.  Pawelau.  Tscheschen.  Konradau,  Jo- 
hanmsdorf,  Modzenowe.  Bogdaj.  and  in  Ger- 
many: Lorzendorf.  Kaulwitz.  Glausche.  Dal- 
bersdorf.  Reesewitz,  Stradam,  Gross  Warten- 
berg.  Kraschen.  Neu  Mittelwalde.  Domasla- 
witz.  Wedelsdorf.  Tscheschen  Hammer; 

thence  the  administrative  boundary  of  Pos- 
nania  north-westwards  to  the  point  where  it 
cuts  the  Rawitsch-Herrnstadt  railway; 

thence  to  the  point  where  the  administrative 
boundary  of  Posnania  cuts  the  Reisen-Tschir- 
nau  road: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
west  of  Tnebusch  and  Gabel  and  east  of 
Saborwitz; 

thence  the  administrative  boundary  of  Pos- 
nania to  its  junction  with  the  eastern  admin- 
istrative boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Fraustadt- 

thence  in  a  north-westerly  direction  to  a 
point  to  be  chosen  on  the  road  between  the 
villages  of  Unruhstadt  and  Kopnitz: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
west  of  Geyersdorf,  Brenno.  Fehlen,  Altklos- 
ter.  Klebel.  and  east  of  Ulbersdorf.  Buchwald. 
Ilgen.  Weine,  Lupitz.  Schwenten; 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  to  the  north- 
ernmost point  of  Lake  Chlop: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  following 
the  median  line  of  the  lakes:  the  town  and 
the  station  of  Bentschen.  however  (including 
the  junction  of  the  lines  Schwiebus-Bentschen 
and  Zullichau-«Bentschen) ,  remaining  in  Pol- 
ish territ9ry; 

thence  in  a  north-easterly  direction  to  the 
point  of  junction  of  the  boundaries  of  the 
Kreise  of  Schwerin.  Birnbaum  and  Meseritz: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
east  of  Betsche: 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  the  bound- 
ary separating  the  Kreise  of  Schwerin  and 
Birnbaum,  then  in  an  easterly  direction  the 
northern  boundary  of  Posnania  to  the  point 
where  it  cuts  the  river  Netze; 

thence  upstream  to  its  confluence  with  the 
Kuddow : 

the  course  of  the  Netze: 

thence  upstream  to  a  point  to  be  chosen 
about  6  kilometres  southeast  of  Schneide- 
muhl: 

the  course  of  the  Kuddow : 

thence  north-eastwards  to  the  most  south- 
ern point  of  re-entrant  of  the  northern 
boundary  of  Posnania  about  5  kilometres 
west  of  Stahren: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  leaving  the 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


555 


Schneidemuhl-Konitz  railway  in  this  area  en- 
tirely in  German  territory; 

thence  the  boundary  of  Posnania  north- 
eastwards to  the  point  of  the  salient  it  makes 
about  15  kilometres  east  of  Flatow: 

thence  north-eastwards  to  the  point  where 
the  river  Kamionka  meets  the  southern  bound- 
ary of  the  Kreis  of  Konitz  about  3  kilometres 
northeast  of  Grunau: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  leaving-  the 
following-  places  to  Poland:  Jasdrowo.  Gr. 
Lutau,  Kl.  Lutau.  Witkau,  and  to  Germany; 
Gr.  Butzig.  Cziskowo,  Battrow.  Bock  Grunau; 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  the  bound- 
ary between  the  Kreise  of  Konitz  and  Schlo- 
chau  10  the  point  where  this  boundary  cuts  the 
river  Brahe; 

thence  _to  a  point  on  the  boundary  of  Pom- 
crania  lo  kilometres  east  of  Rummelsburg: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  leaving  the 
following-  places  in  Poland:  Konarzin,  Kelpin. 
Adi.  Briesen.  and  in  Germany;  Sampohl.  Neu- 


.    Steinfort.    Gr.   Peterkau; 

then  the  boundary  of  Pomerania  in  an  east- 
erly direction  to  its  junction  with  the  boundary 
between  the  Kreise  of  Konitz  and  Schlochau; 

thence  northwards  the  boundary  between 
Pomerania  and  West  Prussia  to  the  point  on 
the  river  Rheda  about  3  kilometres  north-west 
of  Gohra  where  that  river  is  joined  by  a 
tributary  from  the  north-west: 

thence  to  a  point  to  be  selected  in  the  bend 
of  the  Piasnitz  river  about  1%  kilometres 
north-west  of  Warschkau: 

a  line  to  be  fixed   on   the   ground: 

thence  this  river  downstream,  then  the 
median  line  of  Lake  Zarnowitz,  then  the  old 
boundary  of  West  Prussia  to  the  'Baltic  Sea. 

8.    With  Denmark: 

The  frontier  as  it  will  be  flxed  in  accord- 
ance with  Articles  109  to  111  of  Part  III. 
Section  XIJ  (Schleswig)  . 

Article  28. 

The  boundaries  of  East  Prussia,  with  the 
reservations  made  in  Section  IX  (East  Prus- 
sia) of  Part  III.  will  be  determined  as  fol- 
lows: 

from  a  point  on  the  coast  of  the  Baltic  Sea 
about  1H  kilometres  north  of  Probbernau 
church  in  a  direction  of  about  159  degrees 
East  from  true  North: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  for  about 
2  kilometres: 

thence  in  a  straight  line  to  the  light  at  the 
bend  of  the  Elbing  Channel  in  approximately 
latitude  54  degrees  19%  minutes  North,  longi- 
tude 19  degrees  26  minutes  East  of  Green- 
wich: 

thence  to  the  easternmost  mouth  of  the 
Nogat  River  at  a  bearing  of  approximately 
209  degrees  East  from  true  North; 

thence  up  the  course  of  the  Nogat  River  to 
the  point  where  the  latter  leaves  the  Vistula 
(Weichsel)  : 

thence  up  the  principal  channel  of  naviga- 
tion of  the  Vistula,  then  the  southern  boundary 
of  the  Kreis  of  Marienwerder.  then  that  of 
the  Kreis  of  Rosenberg  eastwards  to  the  point 
where  it  meets  the  old  boundary  of  East 
Prussia. 

thence  the  old  boundary  between  East  and 
West  Prussia,  then  the  boundary  between  the 
Kreise  of  Osterode  and  Neidenburg-.  then  the 
course  of  the  river  Skottau  downstream,  then 
the  course  of  the  Neide  upstream  to  a  point 
situated  about  5  kilometres  west  of  Bialutten. 
being  the  nearest  point  to  the  old  frontier  of 
Russia  : 

thence  in  an  easterly  direction  to  a  point 
immediately  south  of  the  intersection  of  the 
road  Nridenburg-Mlava  with  the  old  frontier 
of  Russia: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
north  of  Bialutten  ; 

thence  the  old  frontier  of  Russia  to  a  point 
east  of  Schmalleningken,  then  the  principal 
channel  of  navigation  of  the  Niemen  (Memel) 


downstream,    then   the   Skierwieth   arm  of   the 
delta  to  the  Kurisches  Haff: 

thence  a  straight  line  to  the  point  where 
the  eastern  shore  of  the  Kurische  Nehrung 
meets  the  administrative  boundary  about  4 
kilometres  southwest  of  Nidden. 

thence   this    administrative   boundary   to   the 
western  shore  of  the  Kurische  Nehrunff. 
Article  2"9. 

The  boundaries  as  described  above  are  drawn 
in  red  on  a  one-in-a-million  map  which  is  an- 
nexed to  the  present  Treaty  (Man  No.  1). 

In  the  case  of  any  discrepancies  between  the 
text  of  the  Treaty  and.  this  map  or  any  other 
map  which  may  be  annexed  the  text  will  be 
final. 

Article  SO. 

In  the  case  of  boundaries  which  are  defined 
by  a  waterway  the  terms  "course"  and  "chan- 
nel" used  in  the  present  Treaty  signify;  in 
the  case  of  non-navigable  rivers  the  median 
line  of  the  waterway  or  of  its  principal  arm, 
pnd.in  the  case  of  navigable  rivers,  the  median 
line  of  the  principal  channel  of  navigation. 
It  will  rest  with  the  Boundary  Commissions 
provided  by  the  present  Treaty  to  specify  in 
each  case  whether  the  frontier  line  shall  fol- 
low any  changes  of  the  course  or  channel 
which  may  take  place  or  whether  it  shall  be 
definitely  flxed  by  the  position  of  the  course 
or  channel  at  the  time  when  the  present 
Treaty  comes  into  force. 

PART  m. 

POLITICAL  CLAUSES  FOB  EUROPE. 

Section  /. 

BELGIUM. 

Article  SI. 

Germany,  recognising  that  the  Treaties  of 
April  19.  1839.  which  established  the  status 
of  Belgium  before  the  war,  no  longer  conform 
to  the  requirements  of  the  situation,  consents 
to  the  abrogation  of  the  said  Treaties  and 
undertakes  immediately  to  recognise  and  to 
observe  whatever  conventions  may  be  entered 
into  by  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers,  or  by  any  of  them,  in  concert  with 
the  Governments  of  Belgium  and  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, to  replace  the  said  Treaties  of  1839. 
If  her  formal  adhesion  should  be  required  to 
such  conventions  or  to  any  of  their  stipula- 
tions. Germany  undertakes  immediately  to 
give  it. 

Article  S2. 

Germany   recognises   the  full   sovereignty   of 
Belgium  over  the  whole   of  the  contested  ter- 
ritory of  Moresnet  (called  Moresnet  neutre). 
Article  S3. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  Belgium  all 
rights  and  title  over  the  territory  of  Prussian 
Moresnet  situated  on  the  west  of  the  road 
from  Liege  to  Aix-la-Chapelle:  the  road  will 
belong  to  Belgium  where  it  bounds  this  terri- 

^  Article  U. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  Belgium  aU 
rights  and  title  over  the  territory  comprising 
the  whole  of  the  Kreise  of  Eupen  and  of  Mal- 
mr-dy. 

During  the  six  months  after  the  coming: 
into  force  of  this  Treaty  registers  will  be 
opened  by  the  Belgian  authority  at  Eupen  and 
Malmedy  in  which  the  inhabitants  of  the 
sbpve  territory  will  be  entitled  to  record  in 
writing  a  desire  to  see  the  whole  or  part  of 
it  remain  under  German  sovereignty. 

The  results  of  this  public  expression  of  opin- 
ion will  be  communicated  by  the  Belgian  gov- 
ernment to  the  League  of  Nations,  and  Bel- 
gium undertakes  to  accept  the  decision  of  the 
League. 

Article  S5. 

A  Commission  of  seven  persons,  five  ol 
whom  will  be  appointed  by  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated.  Powers,  one  by  Germany 


656 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


and  one  by  Belgium,  will  be  set  up  fifteen 
days  alter  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty  to  settle  on  the  spot  the  new 
frontier  line  between  Belgium  and  Germany. 
taking  into  account  the  economic  factors 
and  the  means  of  communication. 

Decisions   will  be  taken  by   a  majority   and 
will  be  binding  on   the   parties   concerned. 
Article  S6. 

When  the  transfer  of  the  sovereignty  over 
the  territories  referred  to  above  has  become 
definite  German  nationals  habitually  resi- 
dent in  'the  territories  will  definitively  acquire 
Belgian  nationality  ipsp  facto,  and  will  lose 

^SSSSS.  ^mtn^nationals  who  be- 
came  resident  in  the  territories,  after  August 
1?  1914.  shall  not  obtain  Belgian  nationality 
without  a  permit  from  the  Belgian  govern- 
ment. 

Article  37. 

Within  the  two  years  following  the  definUive 
transfer  of  the  sovereignty  over  the  terri- 
tSfes  assigned  to  Belgium  under  the  present 


ssgne       o 

Treaty.    German    nationals    over    18    years    of 
h 


.      erman    naon 

abitually    resident    in    those    territories 
entitled  to  opt  for  German  nationality. 


^v^xercfsld  the  above  right 


The      will 


entitled    to    retain    their 


SponYhem  in  connection  with  the  removal  of 
such  property. 

Article  38. 

The  German  Government  will  hand  over 
wUhout  delay  to  the  Belgian  Government  the 
Trchives.  registers.  Plans,  title  deeds  and  docu- 

man    Government    will   likewise   re- 
to the  Belgian  Government  the 


Brussels. 

Article  S9.  . 

The  proportion  and  nature  of  the  .  financial 
liabilities  of  Germany  and  of  Prussia  which 
Belgium  will  have  to  bear  on  account  of  the 
territories  ceded  to  her  shall  be  fixed  in  con- 
formity with  Articles  254  and  256  of  Part 
EX.  (Financial  Clauses)  of  the  present  .treaty, 

Section  II. 
LUXEMBURG. 

Article  40. 

With  regard  to  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxem- 
Germany   renounces    the   benefit    of    all 


man  recognizes  that  the  Grand  Duchy 
of  Luxemburg  ceased  to  form  part  of  the 
German  Zollverein  as  from  January  1.  1919. 
renounces  all  rights  to  the  exploitation  of 
the  railways,  adheres  to  the  termination  i  ol 
the  regime  of  neutrality  of  the  Grand  Duchy. 
and  accepts  in  advance  all  international  ar- 
rangements which  may  be  concluded  by  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  relating-  to  the 
Grand  Duchy. 


Article  41. 

Germany  undertakes  to  grant  to  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Luxemburg,  when  a  demand  to  that 
effect  is  made  to  her  by  the  Principal  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers,  the  rights  and  ad- 
vantages stipulated  in  favour  of  such  Powers 
or  their  nationals  in  the  present  Treaty  with 
regard  to  economic  questions,  to  questions 
relative  to  transport  and  to  aerial  naviga- 
tion. 

Section  III. 

LEFT   BANK  OF   THE   RB3NE. 
Article  42. 

Germany  is  forbidden  to  maintain  or  con- 
struct any  fortifications  either  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rhine  or  on  the  right  bank  to 
the  west  of  a  line  drawn  60  kilometres  to 
the  East  of  the  Rhine. 

Article  4S. 

In  the  area  defined  above  the  maintenance 
and  the  assembly  of  armed  forces,  either 
permanently  or  temporarily,  and  military  ma- 
noauvres  of  any  kind,  as  well  as  the  upkeep 
of  all  permanent  works  for  mobilization,  are 
in  the  same  way  forbidden. 
Article  44. 

In   case    Germany    violates   in   any   manner 
whatever   the    provisions    of    Articles    42    and 
43.    she    shall   be   regarded    as    committing    a 
hostile   act    against    the   Powers    signatory   of 
the  present  Treaty  and  as  calculated  to  dis- 
turb the  peace  of  the  world. 
Section  IV. 
SAAR  BASIN. 
Article  45. 

As  compensation  for  the  destruction  of  the 
coal-mines  in  the  north  of  France  and  as  part 
payment  towards  the  total  reparation  due 
from  Germany  for  the  damages  resulting  from 
the  war,  Germany  cedes  to  France  in  full  and 
absoluU  possession,  with  exclusive  rights  of 
exploitation,  unencumbered  and  free  from  all 
debts  and  charges  of  any  kind,  the  coal-mines 
situated  in  the  Saar  Basin  as  defined  in  Arti- 
cle 48. 

Article  46. 

In  order  to  assure  the  rights  and  welfare 
of  the  population  and  to  guarantee  to  Franc* 
complete  freedom  in  working  the  mines.  Ger- 
many agrees  to  the  provisions  of  Chapters  I 
and  II  of  the  Annex  hereto. 
Article  47. 

In  order  to  make  in  due  time  permanent 
provision  for  the  government  of  the  Saai- 
Basin  in  accordance  with  the  wishes  of  the 
populations,  France  and  Germany  agree  t« 
the  provisions  of  Chapter  III  of  the  Annex 


Article  48. 

The  boundaries  of  the  territory  of  the  Saar 
Basin,  as  dealt  with  in  the  present  stipulations. 
will  be  fixed  as  follows: 

On  the  south  and  south-west:  by  the  fron- 
tier of  France  as  fixed  by  the  present  Treaty. 

On  the  north-west  and  north;  by  a  line  fol- 
lowing the  northern  administrative  boundary 
of  the  Kreis  of  Merzig  from  the  point  where 
it  leaves  the  French  frontier  to  the  point 
where  it  meets  the  administrative  boundary 
separating  the  commune  of  Saarho^bach  from 
the  commune  of  Britten:  lollowir  this  com- 
munal boundary  southwards  and  inching  the 
administrative  boundary  of  the  canton  ol 
Merzig  so  as  to  include  in  the  territory  -  oi 
the  Saar  Basin  the  canton  of  Mettlach  with 
the  exception  of  the  commune  of  Britten  fol- 
lowing successively  the  northern  administra- 
tive boundaries  of  the  cantons  of  Merzig  ana 
Ranptadt  which  are  incorporated  in  the 
aforesaid  Saar  Basin,  then  successively  the 
administrative  boundaries 

ar 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


657 


of  the  plateau  which  is  traversed  by  the 
from  M:mbach   to  Boekweiler    ( so  as   to 


and  the  Principality  of  Birkenfeld  as  far  a_ 
a  point  situated  about  500  metres  north  of  the 
village  of  Furschweiler  (viz.,  the  highes 
point  of  the  Metzelberg) . 

On  the  north-east  and  east:  from  the  las 
point  denned  above  to  a  point  about  3tt  kilo 
metres  east-north-east  of  Saint-Wendel : 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing1 
east  of  Furschweiler.  west  of  Roschberg,  easi 
of  points  418.  329  (south  of  Roschberg) 
west  of  Leitersweiler,  north-east  of  point  464 
and  iollowing  tne  line  of  the  crest  south- 
wards to  its  junction  with  the  administrative 
boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Kusel: 

thence  in  a  southerly  direction  the  boundary 
of  the  Kreis  of  Kusel.  then  the  boundary  of 
the  Kreis  of  Homburg  towards  the  soutli-soutn 
east  to  a  point  situated  about  1000  metres 
west  of  Dunzweiler: 

thence  to  a  point  about  1  kilometre  south 
of  Hornbach: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  point  424  (abo-it  1000  meters  south- 
east of  Dunzweiier),  point  3t>3  (Fuchs-lieig), 
point  322  (south-west  of  Waldmohr),  then 
east  of  Jagersburg  and  Erbach.  then 
encircling-  Homburg,  passing  through  the 
points  361  (about  2%  kilometres  north-east 
by  east  of  that  town).  342  (about  2  kilome- 
tres south-east  of  that  town),  347  (Schrein 
era-Berg) ;  356.  350  (about  1%  kilometres 
eouth-east  of  Schwarzenbach) .  th 
east  of  Emod.  south-east  of  points  322  and 
333.  about  2  kilometres  east  of  Webenheim. 
about  2  kilometres  east  of  Mimbach,  passing 
east 

road ._   ._-    __    - 

include  this  rp-id  in  the  territory  of  the  Saar 
Baain).  passing  immediately  north  of  the 
junction  of  the  roada  from  Bockweiler  and 
Altheim  situated  about  2  kilometres  north  of 
Altheim.  then  passing-  south  of  Ring-weilerhof 
and  north  of  point  322.  rejoining  the  frontier 
of  France  at  the  angle  which  it  makes  about 
1  kilometre  south  of  Hornbach  (see  Map  No. 
iJ  scale  1(100,000  annexed  to  the  present 
treaty). 

A  Commission  composed  of  five  members, 
one  appointed  by  France,  one  by  Germany, 
and  three  by  the  Council  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions, which  will  select  nationals  of  other 
Powers,  will  be  constituted  within  fifteen  days 
from  ihe  coming1  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty,  to  trace  on  the  spot  the  frontier  line 
described  above.  , 

In  those  parts  of  the  preceding1  line  which 
do  not  coincide  with  administrative  boundaries, 
the  Commission  will  endeavour  to  keep  the 
line  indicated,  while  taking-  into  consideration, 
so  far  as  is  possible,  local  economic  interests 
and  existing1  communal  boundaries. 

The  decisions  of  this  Commission  will  be 
taken  by  a  majority  and  will  be  binding  on  the 
parties  concerned. 

Article  49. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  the  Leagnie 
of  Nations,  in  the  capacity  of  trustees,  the 
grovernment  of  the  territory  defined  above. 

At  the  end  of  fifteen  years  from  the  com- 
ing into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  the  in- 
habitants of  the  said  territory  shall  be  called 
upon  to  indicate  thf>  sovereignty  under  which 
they  desire  to  be  placed. 

Article  50. 

The  stipulations  under  which  the  cession  of 
the  mines  in  the  Saar  Basin  shall  be  carried 
out.  tog-ether  with  the  measures  intended  to 
guarantee  the  rights  and  the  well-being  ol  the 
inhabitants  and  the  government  of  the  terri- 
tory, as  well  as  the  conditions  in  accordance 
with  which  the  plebiscite  hereinbefore  provided 
for  is  to  be  made,  are  laid  down  in  the  Annex 
hereto.  This  Annex  shall  be  considered  as  an 
integral  part  of  the  present  Treaty,  and  Ger- 
many declares  her  adherence  to  it. 

ANNEX. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Articles 
45  to  50  of  the  present  Treaty,  the  stipula- 


tions under  which  the  cession  by  Germany  to 
France  of  the  mines  of  the  Saar  Basin  will 
be  effected,  as  well  as  the  measures  intended 
to  ensure  respect  for  the  rights  and  well- 
being-  of  the  population  and  the  government 
of  the  territory,  and  the  conditions  in  which 
the  inhabitants  will  be  called  upo.  to  indicate 
the  sovereignty  under  which  they  may  wish  to 
be  placed,  have  been  laid  down  as  follows: 

Chapter  1. 

CESSION  AND  EXPLOITATION  OF  MINING 

PROPERTY. 

1. 

From  the  date  of  the  coming-  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty,  all  the  deposits  of  coal 
situated  within  the  Saar  Basin  as  defined 
in  Article  48  of  the  said  Treaty,  become  the 
complete  and  absolute  property  of  the  French 
State. 

The  French  State  will  have  the  right  of 
working  or  not  working1  the  said  mines,  or 
of  transferring  to  a  third  party  the  right  of 
working1  them,  without  having  to  obtain  any 
previous  authorization  or  to  fulfil  any  formal- 
ities. 

The  French   State  may  always  require   that 
the   German   mining   laws  and  regulations  re- 
ferred to  below   shall  be  applied  in  order  to 
ensure  the  determination  of  its  rights. 
2. 

The  right  of  ownership  of  the  French  State 
will  apply  not  only  to  the  deposits  which 
are  free  and  for  which  concessions  have  not 
yet  been  granted,  but  also  to  the  deposits 
lor  which  concessions  have  already  been 
granted,  whoever  may  be  the  present  proprie- 
tors, irrespective  of  whether  they  belong  to 
the  Prussian  State,  to  the  Bavarian  State,  to 
other  States  or  bodies,  to  companies  or  to  in- 
dividuals, whether  they  have  been  worked  or 
not,  or  whether  a  right  of  exploitation  distinct 
from  the  right  of  the  owners  of  the  surface 
of  the  soil  has  or  has  not  been  recognized. 
3. 

As  far  as  concerns  the  mines  which  are  be- 
ing- worked,  the  transfer  of  the  ownership  to 
tne  French  State  will  apply  to  all  the  acces- 
sories and  subsiuiariea  of  the  said  mines,  in 
particular  to  their  plant  and  equipment  both 
on  and  below  the  surface,  to  their  extracting 
machinery,  their  plants  for  transforming  coal 
into  electric  power,  coke  and  by-products, 
their  workshops,  means  of  communication, 
electric  lines,  plant  for  catching-  and  dis- 
tributing water,  land,  buildings  such  as  offices, 
managers',  employees'  and  workmen's  dwell- 
ings, schools,  hospitals  and  dispensaries,  their 
stocks  and  supplies  of  every  description,  their 
archives  and  plans,  and  in  general  everything 
which  those  who  own  or  exploit  the  mines 
possess  or  enjoy  for  the  purpose  of  ex- 
ploiting the  mines  and  their  accessories  and 
subsidiaries. 

The  transfer  will  apply  also  to  the  debts 
owing  for  products  delivered  before  the  entry 
into  possession  by  the  French  State,  and  alter 
the  signature  of  the  present  Treaty,  and  to 
deposits  of  money  made  by  customers,  whose 
rights  will  be  guaranteed  by  the  French  State. 
4. 

The  French  State  will  acquire  the  property 
free  and  clear  of  all  debts  and  charges.  Never- 
theless, the  rights  acquired,  or  in  course  of 
being  acquired,  by  the  employees  of  the  mines 
and  their  accessories  and  subsidiaries  at  the 
date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty,  in  connection  with  pensions  for  old 
age  or  disability,  will  not  be  affected.  In  re- 
turn. Germany  must  pay  over  to  the  French 
State  a  sum  representing  the  actuarial 
amounts  to  which  the  said  employees  are  en- 
.itled. 

5. 

The  value  of  the  property  thus  ceded  to 
he  FrencM  State  will  be  determined  by  tb« 


558 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Reparation  Commission  referred  to  in  Article 
233  of  Part  VIII  (Reparation)  of  the  present 
Treaty. 

This  value  shall  be  credited  to  Germany  in 
part  payment  of  the  amount  due  for  repara- 
tion 

It  will  be  for  Germany  to  indemnify  the 
proprietors  or  parties  concerned,  whoever  they 
may  be. 

6. 

No  tariff  shall  be  established  on  the  German 
railways  and  canals  which  may  directly  or 
indirectly  discriminate  to  the  prejudice  of  the 
transport  of  the  personnel  or  products  of  the 
mines  and  their  accessories  or  subsidiaries,  or 
of  the  material  necessary  to  their  exploita- 
tion. Such  transport  shall  enjoy  all  the  rights 
and  privileges  which  any  international  railway 
conventions  may  guarantee  to  similar  prod- 
ucts of  French  origin. 
7. 

The  equipment  and  personnel  necessary  to 
ensure  the  despatch  and  transport  of  the 
products  of  the  mines  and  their  accessories 
and  subsidiaries,  as  well  as  the  carriage  of 
workmen  and  employees,  will  be  provided  by 
the  local  railway  administration  of  the  Basin. 
8. 

No  obstacle  shall  be  placed  in  the  way  of 
euch  improvements  of  railways  or  waterways 
as  the  French  State  may  judge  necessary  to 
assure  the  despatch  and  the  transport  of  the 
products  of  the  mines  and  their  accessories 
and  subsidiaries,  such  as  double  trackage,  en- 
largement of  stations,  and  constructipn  of 
yards  and  appurtenances.  The  distribution  of 
expenses  will,  in  the  event  of  disagreement,  be 
submitted  to  arbitration. 

The  French  State  may  also  establish  any 
new  means  of  communication,  such  as  ro^d?. 
electric  lines  and  telephone  connections,  which 
it  may  consider  necessary  for  the  exploitation 
of  the  mines. 

It  may  exploit  freely  and  without  any  re- 
strictions the  means  of  communication  of 
which  it  may  become  the  owner,  particularly 
those  connecting  the  mines  and  their  acces- 
sories and  subsidiaries  with  the  means  of  com- 
munication situated  in  French  territory. 

The  French  State  shall  always  be  entitled 
to  demand  the  application  of  the  German  min- 
ing1 laws  and  regulations  in  force  on  November 
11.  1918.  excepting  provisions  adopted  ex- 
clusively in  view  of  the  state  of  war.  with  a 
view  of  the  acquisition  of  such  land  as  it  may 
judge  necessary  for  the  exploitation  of  the 
mines  and  their  accessories  and  subsidiaries. 
'  The  payment  for  damage  caused  to  immov- 
able property  by  the  working  of  the  said 
mines  and  their  accessories  and  subsidiaries 
shall  be  made  in  accordance  with  the  German 
mining  laws  and  regulations  above  referred  to. 

10. 

Every  person  whom  the  French  State  may 
substitute  for  itself  as  regards  the  whole  or 
part  of  its  rights  to  the  exploitation  of  the 
mines  and  their  accessories  and  subsidiaries 
shnll  enjoy  the  benefit  of  the  privileges  pro- 
vided in  this  Annex. 

11. 

The  mines  and  other  immoyable  property 
which  become  the  property  of  the  French 
State  may  never  be  made  the  subject  of 
measures  of  forfeiture,  forced  sale,  expropri- 
ation or  requisition,  nor  of  any  other  measure 
affecting  the  right  of  property. 

The  personnel  and  the  plant  connected  with 
the  exploitation  of  these  mines  or  their  ac- 
cessories and  subsidiaries,  as  well  as  the  prod- 
uct extracted  from  the  mines  or  manufactured 
in  their  accessories  and  subsidiaries,  may  not 
at  any  time  be  made  the  subject  of  any 
measures  of  requisition. 

The  exploitation  of  the  mines  and  their 
accessories  and  subsidiaries,  which  become  the 


property  of  the  French  State,  will  continue 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  paragraph  23  be^ 
low.  to  be  subject  to  the  regime  established 
by  the  German  laws  and  regulations  in  force 
on  November  11.  1918.  excepting  provisions 
adopted  exclusively  in  view  of  the  state  of 
Wctr. 

The  rights  of  the  workmen  shall  similarly  be 
maintained,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the 
said  paragraph  23.  as  established  on  Novem- 
ber 11.  1918,  by  the  German  laws  and  regu- 
lations above  referred  to. 
12. 

No  impediment  shall  be  placed  in  the  way 
of  the  introduction  or  employment  in  the 
mines  and  their  accessories  and  subsidiaries 
of  workmen  from  without  the  Basin. 

The  employees  and  workmen  of  French  na- 
tionality shall  have  the  right  to  belong  to 
.trench  labour  unions. 

13. 

The  amount  contributed  by  the  mines  and 
their  accessories  and  subsidiaries,  either  to 
the  local  budget  of  the  territory  of  the  Saar 
Basin  or  to  the  communal  funds,  shall  be 
fixed  with  due  regard  to  the  ratio  of  the 
value  of  the  mines  to  the  total  taxable  wealth 
of  the  Basin. 

14. 

The  French  State  shall  always  have  the 
right  of  establishing  and  maintaining,  as  in- 
cidental to  the  mines,  primary  or  technical 
schools  for  its  employees  and  their  children, 
and  of  causing  instruction  therein  to  be 
given  in  the  French  language,  in  accordance 
with  such  curriculum  and  by  such  teachers  as 
it  may  select. 

It  shall  _  also  have  the  right  to  establish 
and  maintain  hospitals,  dispensaries,  workmen's 
houses,  and  gardens  and  other  charitable  and 
social  institutions. 

15. 

The  French  State  shall  enjoy  complete  lib- 
erty with  respect  to  the  distribution,  dis- 
patch and  sale  prices  of  the  products  of  the 
mines  and  their  accessories  and  subsidiaries. 

Nevertheless,  whatever  may  be  the  total 
product  of  the  mines,  the  French  Government 
undertakes  that  the  requirements  of  local 
consumption  for  industrial  and  domestic  pur- 
poses shall  always  be  satisfied  in  the  pro- 
portion existing  in  1913  between  the  amount 
consumed  locally  and  the  total  output  of  the 
Saar  Basin. 

Chapter  II. 

Government  of  the  Territory  of  the  Saar  Basin. 
16. 

The  Government  of  the  territory  of  the 
Saar  Basin  shall  be  entrusted  to  a  Commis- 
sion representing  the  League  of  Nations.  This 
Commission  shall  sit  in  the  territory  of  the 
Saar  Basin. 

17. 

The  Governing  Commission  provided  for  by 
paragraph  16  shall  consist  of  five  members 
chosen  by  the  Council  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions, and  will  include  one  citizen  of  Frnnce. 
one  native  inhabitant  of  the  Saar  Basin, 
not  a  citizen  of  France,  and  three  members 
belonging  to  three  countries  other  than  France 
or  Germany. 

The  members  of  the  Governing  Commission 
shall  be  appointed  for  one  year  and  may  be 
re-appointed.  They  can  be  remoYed  by  the 
Council  of  the  League  of  Nations,  which  will 
provide  for  their  replacement. 

The   Members  of   the  Governing  Commission 
will    be    entitled    to    a    salary    which    will    be 
fixed   by    the    Council    of    the   League    of    Na- 
tions,  and  charged  on  the  local  revenues. 
18. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Governing  Commis- 
sion shall  be  appointed  for  one  year  from 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


559 


among-  the  members  of  the  Commission  b; 
the  Council  of  the  League  of  Nations  and 
may  be  re-appointed. 

The  Chairman  will  act  as  the  executive  oj 
the  Commission. 

19. 

Within  the  territory  of  the  Saar  Basin  the 
Governing1  Commission  shall  have  all  the 
powers  of  government  hitherto  belonging  to 
the  German  Empire.  Prussia,  or  Bavaria,  in- 
cluding the  appointment  and  dismissal  ol 
officials,  and  the  creatioji  of  such  adminis- 
trative and  representative  bodies  as  it  may 
deem  necessary. 

It  shall  have  full  powers  to  administer  anc 
operate  the  railways,  canals  and  the  different 
public  services. 

Its  decisions  shall  be  taken  by  a  majority. 

20. 

Germany  will  place  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Governing  Commission  all  official  documents 
and  archives  under  the  control  of  Germany 
of  any  German  State,  or  of  any  local  author 
ity,  which  relate  to  the  territory  of  the  Saar 
Basin  or  to  the  rights  of  the  inhabitants 
thereof. 

21. 

It  will  be  the  duty  of  the  Governing  Com- 
mission to  ensure  by  such  means  and  under 
such  condition  as  it  may  deem  suitable,  the 
protection  abroad  of  the  interests  of  the  in- 
habitants of  the  territory  of  the  Saar  Basin 

'6'6. 

The  Governing  Commission  shall  have  the 
full  right  of  user  of  all  property,  other  than 
mines,  belonging,  either  in  public  or  in  pri- 
vate domain,  to  the  Government  of  the  Ger- 
man EmpLe,  or  the  Government  of  any  Ger- 
man State,  in  the  territory  of  the  Saar  Basin. 
As  regards  the  railways  an  equitable  appor- 
tionment of  rolling  stock  shall  be  made  by  a 
mixed  Commission  on  which  the  Government 
of  the  territory  of  the  Saar  Basin  and  the  Ger- 
man railways  will  be  represented. 

Persons,  goods,  vessels,  carriages,  wagons  and 
maili  coming  from  or  going  to  the  Saar  Basin 
shall  enjoy  all  the  rights  and  privileges  relat- 
ing to  transit  and  transport  which  are  specified 
in  the  provisions  of  Part  XII  (Ports,  Water- 
ways and  Railways)  of  the  present  Treaty. 

23. 

The  laws  and  regulations  in  force  on  No- 
vember 11,  1918.  in  the  territory  of  the  Saar 
Basin  (except  those  enacted  in  consequence 
of  the  state  of  war)  shall  continue  to  apply. 

If.  for  general  reasons  or  to  bring  these 
laws  and  regulations  into  accord  with  the  pro- 
visions of  tho  present  Treaty,  it  is  necessary 
tr.  introduce  modifications,  these  shall  be  de- 
cided on  and  put  into  effect  by  the  Governing 
Commission,  after  consultation  with  the  elect- 
ed representatives  of  the  inhabitants  in  such 
a  manner  as  the  Commission  may  determine. 

No  rrcdification  may  be  made  in  the  legal 
regime  for  the  exploitation  of  the  mines,  pro- 
vided for  in  paragraph  12.  without  the  French 
State  being  previously  consulted,  unless  such 
modification  results  from  a  general  regulation 
respect'ng  labour. 

In  fixing  *he  conditions  and  hours  of  labour 
for  men,  women  and  children,  the  Governing 
Commission  is  to  take  into  consideration  the 
wishes  expressed  by  the  local  labour  organisa- 
tions, as  well  as  the  principles  adopted  by  the 
League  of  Nations. 

24. 

Subject  to  the  provisions  of  paragraph  4.  no 
rights  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Saar  Basin 
acquired  or  in  process  of  acquisition  at  the 
date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  this  Treaty, 
in  respect  of  any  insurance  system  of  Ger- 
many or  in  respect  of  any  pension  of  any  kind, 
are  after-ted  by  any  of  the  provisions  of  the 
present  Treaty. 

Germany  and  the  Government  of  the  terri- 


tory of  the  Saar  Basin  will  preserve  and  con- 
tinue all  of  the  aforesaid  rights. 

25. 

The  civil  and  criminal  courts  existing  in  the 
territory  of  the  Saar  Basin  shall  continue. 

A  civil  and  criminal  court  will  be  established 
by  the  Governing  Commission  to  hear  appeals 
from  the  decisions  of  the  ?aid  courts  and  to 
<*»  matters  for  which  these  courts  are  not 

£c™$?£.  ^"l8?*™.*™   be^  respqn- 


°f  the 


26. 


. 
The   Governing  Commission   will  alone  have 

nd  auee  ln  thl 


. 

of  . 

i.!  fis<r,al  system  existing  on  November  11. 
1918.  will  be  maintained  as  far  as  possible 
and  no  new  tax  except  customs  duties  may 
be  imposed  without  previously  consulting  the 
elected  representatives  of  the  inhabitants. 

27. 
The  present   stipulations  will   not   affect   the 

°f  the 


No  hindrance  shall  be  placed  in  the  way  ol 
those  who  wish  to  aco.uire  a  different  na- 
tionality. but  in  such  case  the  acquisition  of 
the  new  nationality  will  involve  the  loss  of 
any  other. 

28. 

Under  the  control  of  the  Governing  Com- 
mission the  inhabitants  will  retain  their  local 
assemblies  their  religious  liberties  their 
schools  and  their  language. 

The  right  of  voting  will  not  be  exercised  for 
any  assemblies  otner  than  the  local  as- 
semblies, and  will  belong  to  every  inhabitant 
over  the  age  of  twenty  years,  without  dis- 
tinction of  sex. 

29. 

Any  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Saar  Basin 
who  may  desire  to  leave  the  territory  will 
have  full  liberty  to  retain  in  it  their  im- 
n-ovable  property  or  to  sell  it  at  fair  prices 
and  to  remove  their  movable  property  free  of 
any  charges. 

30. 

There  will  be  no  military  service,  whether 
compulsory  or  voluntary,  in  the  territory  of 
the  Saar  Basin,  and  the  construction  of  for- 
tific~tions  therein  is  forbidden. 

Only  a  local  gendarmerie  for  the  maintenance 
of  order  may  be  established. 

It  will  be  the  duty  of  the  Governing  Com- 
mission to  provide  in  all  cases  for  the  pro- 
tection of  persons  and  property  in  the  Saar 
Basin. 

31. 

The  territory  of  the  Saar  Basin  as  defined 
by  Article  48  of  the  present  Treaty  shall  be 
subjected  to  the  French  customs  regime.  The 
receipts  from  the  custom?  duties  on  goods  in- 
tended for  local  consumption  shall  be  included 
in  the  budget  of  the  said  territory  after  de- 
duction of  all  co«ts  o<  collection. 

No  export  tax  shall  be  imposed  upon  metal- 
urgical  products  or  coal  exported  from  the 
said  territory  to  Germany,  nor  upon  German 
exports  for  the  use  of  the  industries  of  the 
territory  of  the  Snar  B-'Sin. 

Natural  or  manufactured  products  originat- 
ng  in  the  Bnsin  in  t-ansit  over  German  terri- 
ory  and.  similarly.  German  products  in  transit 
over  the  territory  of  the  Basin  shall  be  free 
of  all  customs  duties. 

Products  which  both  originate  in  and  pass 
'rom  the  Basin  into  Germany  shall  he  fre»  of 
mport  duties  for  a  period  of  five  years  from 
he  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pres- 
ent Treaty,  and  during1  the  same  period  arti- 


860 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


«les  imported  from  Germany  into  the  territory 
•f  the  Basin  for  local  consumption  shall  Like- 
wise be  free  of  import  duties. 

During  these  five  years  the  French  Govern- 
ment reserves  to  itself  the  rig-fat  of  limiting: 
to  the  annual  average  of  the  Quantities  im- 
ported into  Alsace-Lorraine  and  I  ranee  in  the 
years  1911  to  1913  the  quantitie3  which  may 
be  sent  into  France  of  all  articles  eoming 
from  the  Basin  which  include  raw  materials 
and  semi-manufactured  groods  imported  duty 
free  from  Germany.  Such  average  shall  be 
determined  after  reference  to  all  available  of- 
ficial information  and  statistics. 
32. 

No  prohibition  or  restriction  shall  be  im- 
posed upon  the  circulation  of  French  money  in 
the  territory  of  the  Saar  Basin. 

The  French  State  shall  have  the  right  to 
mse  French  money  in  all  purchases,  payments 
and  contracts  connected  with  the  exploitation 
•f  the  mines  or  their  aeeessones  and  subsid- 
iaries. 

33. 

The  Governing  Commission  shall  have  power 
to  decide  all  questions  arising  from  the  in- 
terpretation of  the  preceding  provisions. 

France  and  Germany  agree  that  any  dis- 
pute involving  a  difference  of  opinion  as  to 
the  interpretation  of  the  said  provisions  shall 
In  the  same  way  be  submitted  to  the  Govern- 
ing Commission,  and  the  decision  of  a  major- 
ity of  the  Commission  shall  be  binding1  on  both 

counwe8-          en,**  m. 

Plebiscite. 
34. 

At  the  -termination  of  a  period  ol  fifteen 
yeara  from  the  coming1  into  force  of  the  pres- 
ent Treaty,  the  population  of  the  territory  of 
the  Saar  Basin  will  be  called  upon  to  indi- 
cate their  desires  in  the  following  manner: 

A  vote  will  take  place  by  communes  or  dis- 
tricts, on  the  three  following  alternatives: 
(a)  maintenance  of  the  regime  established  by 
the  present  Treaty  and  by  this  Annex:  (b) 
union  with  France:  (c)  union  with  Germany. 

All  persons  without  distinction  of  sex,  more 
than  twenty  years  old  at  the  date  of  voting, 
resident  in  the  territory  at  the  date  of  the 
signature  of  the  present  Treaty,  will  have  the 
right  to  vote. 

The  other  conditions,  methods  and  the  date 
of  the  voting  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Council  of 
the  League  of  Nations  in  such  a  way  as  to 
secure  the  freedom,  secrecy  and  trustworthi- 
ness of  the  voting. 

35. 

The  League  of  Nations  shall  decide  on  the 
sovereignty  under  which  the  territory  is  to  be 
placed  taking  into  account  the  wishes  of  the 
inhabitants  as  expressed  by  the  voting: 

(a)  If.  for  the  whole  or  part   of   the   terri- 
tory, the  League  of  Nations  decides  in  favour 
of  the  maintenance  of   the  regime  established 
by   the   present  Treaty   and    this  Annex.    Ger- 
many  hereby    agrees   to    make    such    renuncia- 
tion   of   her  sovereignty  in  favour  of  the  League 
of  Nations  as  the  latter  shall  deem  necessary. 
It  will  be  the  duty  of  the  League  of  Nations 
to  'take  appropriate  steps  to  adapt  the  regime 
definitely    adopted    to    the    permanent    welfare 
of  the  territory  and  the  general  interest: 

(b)  If,   for  the  whole-  or  part  of   the  terri- 
tory the  League  of  Nations  decides  in  favour 
of  union  with  France,  Germany  hereby  agrees 
to  cede  to  France  in  accordance  with  the  de- 
cision   of    the    League    of    Nations    all    rights 
and   title   over   the   territory    specified  by    the 
League: 

(c)  If  for  the   whole    or  part    of  the  terri- 
tory the  League  of  Nations  decides  in  favour 
of  union  with  Germany  it  will  be  the  duty  of 
the   League   of    Nations    to  cause  the   German 
Government  to  be  re-established  in  the  govern- 
ment of  the  territory  specified  by  the  League. 


36. 

If  the  League  of  Nations  decides  in  favour 
of  the  union  of  the  whole  or  part  of  the  ter- 
ritory of  the  Saar  Basin  with  Germany, 
France's  rights  of  ownership  in  the  mines  sit- 
uated in  such  part  of  the  territory  will  be 
repurchased  by  Germany  in  their  entirety  at  a 
price  payable  in  gold.  The  price  to  be  paid 
will  be  fixed  by  three  experts,  one  nominated 
by  Germany,  one  by  France  and  one.  who  shall 
be  neither  a  Frenchman  nor  a  German,  by  the 
Council  of  the  League  of  Nations:  the  de- 
cision of  the  experts  will  be  given  by  a  ma- 
jority. 

The  obligation  of  Germany  to  make  euch 
payment  shall  be  taken  into  account  by  the 
Reparation  Commission,  and  for  the  purpose 
of  this  payment  Germany  may  create  a  prior 
charge  upon  her  assets  or  revenues  upon  such 
detailed  terms  as  shall  be  agreed  to  by  the 
Reparation  Commission. 

If.  nevertheless.  Germany  after  a  period  of 
one  year  from  the  date  on  which  the  payment 
becomes  d"e  shall  not  have  effected  the  sai<J 
payment,  the  Reparation  Commission  shall  do 
so  in  accordance  with  such  instructions  as 
may  be  given  by  the  League  of  Nations,  and. 
if  necessary,  by  liquidating  that  part  of  the 
mines  which  is  in  question. 
37. 

If.  in  consequence  of  the  repurchase  pro- 
vided for  in  paragraph  36,  the  ownership  of 
the  mines  or  any  part  of  them  is  transferred 
to  Germany  the  French  State  and  French  na- 
tionals shall  have  the  right  to  purchase  such 
amount  of  coal  of  the  Saar  Basin  as  their 
industrial  and  domestic  needs  are  found  at 
that  time  to  require.  An  equitable  arrange- 
ment regarding  amounts  of  coal,  duration  of 
contract  and  prices  will  be  fixed  in  due  time 
by  the  Council  of  the  League  of  Nationg. 
38. 

It  i3  understood  that  France  and  Germany 
may.  by  special  agreements  concluded  before 
the  time  fixed  for  the  payment  of  the  price 
for  the  repurchase  of  the  mines,  modify  the 
provisions  of  paragraphs  36  and  37. 
39. 

The  Council  of  the  League  of  Nations  shall 
make  such  provisions  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  establishment  of  the  regime  which  is 
to  take  effect  after  the  decisions  of  the  League 
of  Nations  mentioned  in  paragraph  35  have 
become  operative,  including  an  equitable  ap- 
portionment of  any  obligations  of  the  govern- 
ment of  the  territory  of  the  Saar  Basin  aris- 
ing from  loans  raised  by  the  Commission  or 
from  other  causes. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  new  re- 
gime   the    powers    of    the    Governing   Commis- 
sion   will    terminate,    except    in    the   case   pro- 
vided for  in  paragraph  35    (a). 
40. 

In  all  matters  dealt  with  in  the  present  An- 
nex the  decisions  of  the  Council  of  the  League 
of  Nations  will  be  taken  by  a  majority. 

Section  V. 
ALSACE-LORRAINE. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties,  recognizing 
the  moral  obligation  to  redress  the  wrong 
done  by  Germany  in  1871  both  to  the  rights 
of  France  and  to  the  wishes  of  the  popula- 
tion of  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  which  were  sep- 
arated from  their  country  in  spite  of  the 
solemn  protest  of  their  representatives  at  the 
Assembly  of  Bordeaux, 

Agree  upon  the  following  Articles: 
Article  51. 

The  territories  which  were  ceded  to  Germany 
in  accordance  with  the  Preliminaries  of  Peace 
signed  at  Versailles  on  February  26.  1871.  and 
the  Treaty  of  Frankfort  of  May  10.  1871,  are 
restored  to  French  sovereignty  as  from  the 
date  of  the  Armistice  of  November  11.  1918. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


561 


The  provisions  of  the  Treaties  establishing 
the  delimitation  ol  the  frontiers  before  1871 
shall  be  restored. 

Article  52. 

The  German  Government  shall  hand  over 
without  delay  to  the  French  Government  all 
archives,  registers,  plans,  titles  and  documents 
of  every  kind  concerning:  the  civil,  military, 
financial,  judicial  or  other  administrations  of 
the  territories  restored  to  French  sovereignty. 
If  any  of  these  documents,  archives,  registers, 
titles  or  plans  have  been  misplaced  they  will 
be  restored  by  the  German  Government  on  the 
demand  of  the  French  Government. 

Article  53. 

Separate  agreements  shall  be  made  between 
France  and  Germany  dealing-  with  the  interests 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  territories  referred  to 
in  Article  51.  particularly  as  regards  their 
civil  rights,  their  business  and  the  exercise  of 
their  professions,  it  being1  understood  that 
Germany  undertakes  as  from  the  present  date 
to  recognise  and  accept  the  regulations  laid 
down  in  the  Annex  hereto  regarding'  the  nation- 
ality of  the  inhabitants  or  natives  of  the  said 
territories,  not  to  claim  at  any  time  or  in 
any  place  whatsoever  as  German  nationals 
those  who  shall  have  been  declared  on  any 
ground  to  be  French,  to  receive  all  others  in 
her  t.-rritory.  and  to  conform,  as  regards  the 
property  of  German  nationals  in  the  terri- 
tories indicated  in  Article  51,  with  the  pro- 
viaions  of  Article  297  and  the  Annex  to  Sec- 
tion IV  of  Part  X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the 
present  Treaty. 

Those  German  nationals  who  without  acquir- 
ing French  nationality  shall  receive  permis- 
sion from  tho  French  Government  to  reside 
in  the  said  territories  shall  not  be  subjected  to 
the  provisions  of  the  said  Article. 

Article  54. 

Those  persons  who  have  regained  French 
nationality  in  virtue  of  paragraph  1  of  the 
Annex  hereto  will  be  held  to  be  Alsace-Lor- 
rainers  for  the  purposes  of  the  present  Section. 
The  persons  referred  to  in  paragraph  2  of 
the  said  Annex  will  from  the  day  on  which 
they  have  claimed  French  nationality  be  held 
to  be  Alsace-Lorrainers  with  retroactive  effect 
as  from  November  11.  1918.  For  those  whose 
application  is  rejected.,  the  privilege  will  ter- 
minate at  the  date  of  the  refusal. 

Such  juridical  persons  will  also  have  the 
status  of  Alsace-Lorrainers  as  shall  have  been 
recognized  as  possessing  this  quality,  whether 
by  the  French  administrative  authorities  or  by 
a  judicial  decision. 

Article   55. 

The  territories  referred  to  in  Article  51  shall 
return  to  France  free  and  quit  of  all  public 
debts  under  the  conditions  laid  down  in  Ar- 
ticle 255  of  Part  IX  (Financial  Clauses)  of  the 
present  Treaty. 

Article   56. 

In  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  Article 
256  of  Part  IX.  (Financial  Clauses)  of  the 
present  Treaty.  France  shall  enter  into  posses- 
sion of  all  property  and  estate,  within  the 
territories  referred  to  in  Article  51,  which  be- 
long to  the  German  Empire  or  German  States, 
without  any  payment  or  credit  on  this  account 
to  any  of  the  States  ceding1  the  territories. 

This  provision  applies  to  all  movable  or 
immovable  property  of  public  or  private  do- 
main together  with  all  rights  whatsover.  be- 
longing to  the  German  Empire  or  German 
States  or  to  their  administrative  areas. 

Crown  property  and  the  property  of  the 
former  Emperor  or  other  German  sovereigns 
shall  be  assimilated  to  property  of  the  public 
domain. 

Article  57. 

Germany  shall  not  take  any  action,  either 
by  means  of  stamping  or  by  any  other  legal  or 
administrative  measures  not  applying  equally  to 


!  the  rest  of  her  territory  which  may  be  to  the 
detriment  of  the  legal  value  or  redeemability 
ol  uerman  monetary  instruments  or  monies 
which,  at  the  date  of  the  signature  of  the 
present  Treaty,  are  legally  current  and  at  that 
date  are  in  the  possession  of  the  French  Gov- 
ernment. 

Article  58. 

A  special  Convention  will  determine  the  con- 
ditions for  repayment  in  marks  of  the  ex- 
cept, onal  war  expenditure  advanced  during  the 
course  of  the  war  by  Alsace-Lorraine  or  by 
the  public  bodies  in  Alsace-Lorraine  on  ac- 
count of  the  Empire  in  accordance  with  Ger- 
man law.  such  as  payment  to  the  families  of 
persons  mobilised,  requisitions,  billeting  of 
troops  and  assistance  to  persons  who  have 
been  evacuated. 

In  fixing  the  amount  of  these  sums  Germany 
shall  be  credited  with  that  portion  which 
Alsace-Lorraine  would  hare  contributed  to  the 
Empire  to  meet  the  expenses  resulting  from 
the«e  payments,  this  contribution  being  calcu- 
lated according  to  the  proportion  of  the  Im- 
perial revenues  derived  from  Alsace-Lorraine  in 
1913. 

Article  59. 

The  French  Government  will  collect  for  its 
own  account  the  imperial  taxes,  duties  and 
dues  of  every  kind  leviable  in  the  territories 
referred  to  in  Article  51  and  not  collected  at 
the  time  of  the  Armistice  of  November  11. 
1918. 

Article  60. 

The  German  Government  shall  without  de- 
lay restore  to  Alsace-Lorrainers  (individuals, 
juridical  persona  and  public  institutions)  all 
property,  rights  and  interests  belonging  to 
them  on  November  11.  1918.  in  so  far  as 
these  are  situated  in  German  territory. 

Article  61. 

The  German  Government  undertakes  to  con- 
tinue and  complete  without  delay  the  execu- 
tion of  the  financial  clauses  regarding  Alsace- 
Lorraine  contained  in  the  Armistice  Conven- 
tions. 

Article  62. 

The  German  Government  undertakes  to  bear 
the  expense  of  all  civil  and  military  pensions 
which  had  been  earned  in  Alsace-Lorraine  on 
date  of  November  11.  1918.  and  the  mainte- 
nance of  which  was  a  charge  on  the  budget 
of  the  German  empire. 

The  German  Government  shall  furnish  each 
year  the  funds  necessary  for  the  payment  in 
francs,  at  the  average  rate  of  exchange  for 
that  year,  of  the  sums  in  marks  to  which  per- 
sons resident  in  Alsace-Lorraine  would  hare 
been  entitled  if  Alsace-Lorraine  had  remained 
under  German  jurisdiction. 

Article  63. 

For  the  purposes  of  the  obligation  assumed 
by  Germany  in  Part  VIII  (Reparation)  of  the 
present  Treaty  to  give  compensation  for  dam- 
ages caused  to  the  civil  populations  of  the 
Allied  and  Associated  countries  in  the  form 
of  fines,  the  inhabitants  of  the  territories 
referred  to  in  Article  51  shall  be  assimilated 
to  the  above-mentioned  populations. 

Article   64 

The    regulations    concerning    the    control    of 
the   Rhine   nnd  of   the   Mo«elle   are  laid  down 
n    Part    XH     (Ports.    Waterways    and    Bail- 
ways)    of  the  present  Treaty. 
Article  65. 

Within  a  period  of  thjee  weeks  after  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the 
port  of  Strasburg  and  the  port  of  Kehl  shall 
be  constituted,  for  a  period  of  seven  years,  a 
Single  unit  from  the  point  of  view  of  ex- 
ploitation. 

The  administration  of  this  single  unit  will 
be  carried  on  by  a  manager  named  by  the 
Central  Rhine  Commission,  which  shall  also 
have  power  to  remove  him. 


562 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


This  manager  shall  be  of  French  nationality. 

He  -will  reside  in  Strasburg  and  will  be 
subject  to  the  supervision  of  the  Central 
Rhine  Commission. 

There  will  be  established  in  the  two  ports 
free  zones  in  conformity  with  Part  Xll  (Ports. 
Waterways  and  Railways)  of  the  present 
Treaty. 

A  special  Convention  between  France  and 
Germany,  which  shall  be  submitted  to  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Central  Rhine  Commission,  will 
fix  the  details  of  this  organisation,  particu- 
larly as  regards  finance. 

It  is  understood  that  for  the  purpose  of  the 
present  Article  the  port  of  Kehl  includes-  the 
•whole  of  the  area  necessary  for  the  movements 
of  the  port  and  the  trains  which  serve  it. 
including  the  harbour,  quays  and  railroads, 
platforms,  cranes,  sheds  and  warehouses,  silos, 
elevators  and  hydro-electric  plants,  which 
make  up  the  equipment  of  the  port. 

The  German  Government  undertakes  to  carry 
out  all  measures  which  shall  be  required  of 
it  in  order  to  assure  that  all  the  makmg- 
up  and  switching  of  trains  arriving  at  or  de- 
parting from  Kehl,  whether  for  the  right  bank 
or  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  shall  be  car- 
ried on  in  the  best  conditions  possible. 

All  property  rights  shall  be  safeguarded.  In 
particMlar  the  administration  of  the  ports  shall 
not  prejudice  any  property  rights  of  the 
French  or  Baden  railroads. 

Equality  of  treatment  as  respects  traffic  shall 
be  assured  in  both  ports  to  the  nationals,  ves- 
sels and  goods  of  every  country. 

In  case  at  the  end  of  the  sixth  year  France 
shall  consider  that  the  progress  made  in  the 
improvement  of  the  port  of  Strasburg  still  re- 
quires a  prolongation  of  this  temporary  regime, 
she  may  ask  for  such  prolongation  from  the 
Central  Rhine  Commission,  which  may  grant 
an  extension  for  a  period  not  exceeding  three 

Throughout  the  whole  period  of  any  such 
extension  the  free  zones  above  provided  for 
shall  be  maintained. 

Pending  appointment  of  the  first  manager  by 
the  Central  Rhine  Commission  a  provisional 
manager  who  shall  be  of  French  nationality 
may  be  appointed  by  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  subject  to  the  foregoing  pro- 

For  all  purposes  of  the  present  Article  the 
Central  Rhine  Commission  will  decide  by  a 
majority  of  votes. 

Article'  €6. 

The  railway  and  other  bridges  across  the 
Rhine  now  existing  within  the  limits  of 
Alsace-Lorraine  shall,  as  to  all  their  parts  and 
their  whole  length,  be  the  property  of  the 
French  State,  which  shall  ensure  their  up- 

keeP'  Article  67. 

The  French  government  is  substituted  in  all 
the  rights  of  the  German  Empire  over  all  the 
railways  which  were  administered  by  the  Im- 
perial railway  administration  and  which  are 
actually  working  or  under  construction. 

The  same  shall  apply  to  the  rights  of  the 
Empire  with  regard  to  railway  and  tramway 
concessions  within  the  territories  referred  to 
in  Article  51. 

This  substitution  shall  not  entail  any  pay- 
ment on  the  t>art  of  the  French  State. 

The  frontier  railway  stations  shall  be  es- 
tablished by  a  subsequent  agreement,  it  being 
stipulated  in  advance  that  on  the  Rhine  fron- 
tier they  shall  be  situated  on  the  right  bank. 
Article  68. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Article 
268  of  Chapter  I  of  Section  I  of  Part  X 
(Economic  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty,  for 
a  period  of  five  years  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty,  natural  or  manu- 
factured products  originating  in  and  coming 
from  the  territories  referred  to  in  Article  51 


shall,   on  Importation      into      German  customs 
territory,  be  exempt  from  all  customs  duty. 

The  French  government  may  fix  each  year, 
by  decree,  communicated  to  the  German  Go^- 
ernment,  the  nature  and  amount  of  the  prod- 
ucts which  shall  enjoy  this  exemption. 

The  amount  of  each  product  which  may  be 
sent  annually  into  Germany  shall  not  exceed 
the  average  of  the  amounts  sent  annually  in 
the  years  1911-1913. 

Further,  during  the  period  of  five  years 
above  mentioned,  the  German  Government  shall 
allow  the  free  export  from  Germany  and  the 
free  reimportntion  into  Germany,  exempt  from 
all  customs  duties  and  other  charges  (includ- 
ing internal  charges),  of  yarns,  tissues!  and 
other  textile  materials  or  textile  products  01 
any  kird  and  in  any  condition*  sent  from  Ger- 
many into  the  territories  referred  to  in  Ar- 
ticle 51.  to  be  subjected  there  to  any  finishing 
process,  such  as  bleaching,  dyeing-,  printing, 
mercerization  gassing,  twisting-  or  dressing. 
Article  69. 

During  a  period  of  ten  years  from  the  com- 
ing into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  central 
electric  supply  works  situated  in  German  ter- 
ritory and  formerly  furnishing  electric  power 
to  the  territories  referred  to  in  Article  51  or 
to  any  establishment  the  working  of  which 
passes  permanently  or  temporarily  from  Ger- 
many to  France,  shall  be  required  to  continue 
such  supply  up  to  the  amount  of  consumption 
corresponding  to  the  undertakings  and  con- 
tracts current  on  November  11,  1918. 

Such  supply  shall  be  furnished  according  to 

the    contracts   in    force    and    at   a   rate   which 

shall  not  be  higrher  than  that  paid  to  the  said 

works  by  German  nationals. 

Article  70. 

It  is  understood  that  the  French  Government 
preserves  its  right  to  prohibit  in  the  future 
in  the  territories  referred  to  in  Article  51 
all  new  German  participation: 

(1)  In  the  management  or  exploitation  of 
the  public  domain  and  of  public  service,  such 
as  railways,  navigable  waterways,  water 
works,  gas  works,  electric  power,  etc.; 

(3)  In  the  ownership  of  mines  and  quarries 
of  every  kind  and  in  enterprises  connected 
therewith: 

(3)  ID  metallurgical  establishments,  even 
though  their  working  may  not  be  connected 
with  that  of  any  mine. 

Article  71. 

As  regards  the  territories  referred  to  in 
Article  51,  Germany  renounces  on  behalf  of 
herself  and  her  nationals  as  from  November 
11.  1918.  all  rights  under  the  law  of  May 
25.  1910.  regarding  the  trade  in  potash  salts, 
and  generally  under  any  stipulatipns  for  the 
intervention  of  German  organisations  in  the 
working  of  the  potash  mines.  Similarly,  she  re- 
nounces on  behalf  of  herself  and  her  na- 
tionals all  rights  under  any  agreements,  stipu- 
lations or  laws  which  may  exist  to  her  benefit 
with  regard  to  other  products  of  the  aforesaid 
territories. 

Article  12. 

The  settlement  of  the  questions  relating  to 
debts  contracted  before  November  11,  1918, 
between  the  German  Empire  and  the  German 
States  or  their  nationals  residing  in  Germany 
on  the  one  part  and  Alsace-Lorrainers  residing 
in  Alsace-Lorraine  on  the  other  part  shall 
effected  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  ol 


Section  HI  of  Part  X    (Economic  Clauses)    o 
the    present    Treaty,     the    expression     "b 
the    war"    therein    being   replaced   by    the 


the    present    Treaty,     the    expression     "before 
being   replaced   by    the    ex- 
pression   "before   November    11.    1918."      The 


. 

rate  of  exchange  applicable  in  the  case  of 
such  settlement  shall  be  the  average  rate 
qiioted  on  the  Geneva  Exchange  during  the 
month  preceding  November  11.  1918.  , 

There  may  be  established  in  the  territories 
referred  to  in  Article  51.  for  the  settlement 
of  the  aforesaid  debts  under  the  conditions  laid 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


down  in  Section  III  of  Part  X  (Economic 
Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty,  a  special 
clearing1  office,  it  being-  understood  that  this 
office  shall  be  regarded  as  a  "central  office" 
under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  1  of  the 
Annex  to  the  said  Section. 

Article  73. 

The  private  property,  rights  and  interests 
of  Alsace-Lorrainers  in  Germany  will  be  regu- 
lated by  the  stipulations  of  Section  IV  of  Part 
X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty. 

Article  7-J. 

The  French  government  reserves  the  right  to 
retain  and  liquidate  all  the  property,  rights 
and  interests  which  German  nationals  or  so- 
cieties controlled  by  Germnny  possessed  in 
the  territories  referred  to  in  Article  51  on 
November  11,  1918,  subject  to  the  conditions 
laid  down  in  the  last  paragraph  of  Article 
63  above. 

Germany  will  directly  compensate  her  na- 
tionals who  may  have  been  dispossessed  by 
the  aforesaid  liquidations. 

The  product  of  these  liquidations  shall  be  ap- 
plied   in    accordance    with    the    stipulations   ol 
Sections    III    and    IV    of     Part     X    (Economic 
Clauses)    of   the   present   Treaty. 
Article  75. 

Notwithstanding  the  stipulations  of  Section 
V  of  Part  X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the  pres- 
ent Treaty,  all  contracts  made  before  the  date 
of  the  promulgation  in  Alsace-Lorraine  of  the 
French  decree  of  November  30,  1918.  between 
Alsace-Lorrainers  (whether  individuals  or 
juridical  persons)  or  other  resident  in  Alsace- 
Lorraine  on  the  one  part  and  the  German 
Empire  or  German  States  and  their  nationals 
resident  in  Germany  on  the  other  part,  the 
execution  of  which  has  been  suspended  by  the 
Armistice  or  by  subsequent  French  legislation, 
shall  be  maintained. 

Nevertheless,  any  contract  of  which  the 
French  Government  shall  notify  the  cancella- 
tion to  Germany  in  the  general  interest  within 
a  period  of  six  months  from  the  date  of  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  shall 
be  annulled  except  in  respect  of  any  debt  or 
other  pecuniary  obligation  arising  out  of  any 
act  done  or  money  paid  thereunder  before 
November  11.  1918.  If  this  dissolution  would 
cause  one  of  the  parties  substantial  prejudice, 
equitable  compensation,  calculated  solely  on 
the  capital  employed  without  taking  account 
of  loss  of  profits,  shall  be  accorded  to  the 
pr°indiced  party. 

With  regard  to  prescriptions,  limitations  and 
forfeitures  in  Alsace-Lorraine,  the  provisions 
of  Articles  300  -^nd  301  of  Section  V  of  Pa^t 
X  (Economic  Clauses)  shall  be  applied  with 
the  substitution  for  the  expression  "outbreak 
of  war"  of  the  expression  "November  11. 
1918."  and  for  the  expression  /'duration  of 
the  war"  of  the  expression  '  period  from  No- 
vember 11.  1918,  to  the  date  of  the  coming 
Into  force  of  the  present  Treaty." 
Article  76. 

Questions  concerning  rights  in  industrial, 
literary  or  artistic  property  of  Alsace-Lorrain- 
ers  shall  be  regulated  in  accordance  with  the 
general  stipulations  of  Section  VII  of  Part  X 
(Economic  Clnn^s)  of  the  present  Treaty  it 
being  understood  that  Alsace-Lorrainers  hold- 
ing rights  of  this  nature  under  German  legis- 
lation will  preserve  fnll  and  entire  enjoyment 
of  those  rights  on  German  territory. 
Article  77. 

The  German  Government  undertakes  to  pay 
over  to  the  French  Government  such  propor- 
tion of  all  reserves  accumulated  by  tne  J^m 
pire  or  by  public  or  private  bodies  dependent 
upon  it.  for  the  purposes  of  disability  and  old 
age  insurance,  as  would  fall  to  the  disability 
and  old  age  insurance  fund  at  Strasburg. 

The  same  shall  apply  in  respect  of  the  cap- 


ital and  reserves  accumulated  in  Germany  fall- 
ing legitimately  to  other  social  insurance 
funds,  to  miners'  superannuation  funds,  tc 
the  fund  of  the  railways  of  Alsace-Lorraine, 
to  other  superannuation  organisations  estab- 
lished i'9r  the  benefit  of  the  personnel  of  pub- 
lic administrations  and  institutions  operating1 
in  Alsace-Lorraine,  and  also  in  respect  of  the 
capital  and  reserves  due  by  the  insurance  fund 
of  private  employees  at  Berlin,  by  reason  of 
engagements  entered  into  for  the  benefit  of 
insured  persons  of  that  category  resident  in 
Alsace-Lorraine. 

A  special  Convention  shall  determine  the 
conditions  and  procedure  of  these  transfers. 

Article  78. 

With  regard  to  the  execution  of  judgments, 
appeals  and  prosecutions,  the  following  rules 
shall  be  applied: 

(i)  All  civil  and  commercial  judgments 
which  shall  have  been  given  since  August  3, 
1914.  by  the  Courts  of  Alsace-Lorraine  be- 
tween Alsace-Lorrainers.  or  between  Alsace- 
Lorrainers  and  foreigners,  or  between  foreign- 
ers, and  which  shall  not  have  been  appealed 
from  before  November  11.  1918,  shall  be  re- 
garded as  final  and  susceptible  of  immediate 
execution  without  further  formality. 

When  the  judgment  has  been  given  between 
Alsace-Lorrainers  and  Gr^mr-ns  or  tetwe^n  Al- 
sace-Lorrainers and  subjects  of  the  allies  ol 
Germany,  it  shall  only  be  capable  of  execution 
after  the  issue  of  an  exequatur  by  the  corre- 
sponding new  tribunal  in  the  restored  ter- 
ritory referred  to  in  Article  51. 

Cx5)  All  judgments  given  by  German  Courts 
since  August  3,  1914,  against  Alsace-Lorrain- 
ers for  political  crimes  or  misdemeanors  shall 
be  regarded  as  null  and  void. 

(3)  All  sentences  passed  since  November  11, 
3918.  by  the  Court  of  the  Empire  at  Leipzig 
on  appeals  against  the  decisions  of  the  Courts 
of    Alsace-Lorraine   shall   be   regarded    as   null 
and   void    and    shall   be    so   pronounced.      The 
papers   in  regard   to  the  cases  in  which   such 
sentences   have  been    given    shall   be  returned 
to    the    Courts    of    Alsace-Lorraine    concerned. 

All  appeals  to  the  Court  of  the  Emnire 
against  decisions  of  the  Courts  of  Alsace-Lor- 
raine' shnll  be  suspended.  The  papers  shall 
be  returned  under  the  aforesaid  conditions  for 
transfer  without  delay  to  the  French  Cour  de 
Cassation,  which  shall  be  competent  to  decide 
them. 

(4)  All  prosecutions  in  Alsace-I/orraine  for 
offenses  committed   during  the  period  between 
November    11.     1918.     and    the    coming    into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  will  be  conducted 
under   German   law   except   in    so   far   as    this 
has  been   modified  by   decrees  duly  published 
on  the  snot  by  the  French  authorities. 

(5)  All    other   questions    as    to    competence, 
procedure  or  administration  of  justice  shall  be 
determined  by  a  special    Convention    between 
France  and  Germany. 

|  Article  79. 

The  stipulations  as  to  nationality  contained 
in  the  Annex  hereto  shall  be  considered  as 
of  equal  force  with  the  provisions  of  the 
present  Section. 

All    other    questions    concerning    Alsace-Lor- 
raine which   are  not  regulated  by  the  present 
Portion     and    the    Annex    thereto    or    by    the 
general    provisions    of  tho  present  Treaty  will 
form   the   subject    of   further   conventions  be- 
tween France  and  Germany. 
ANNEX. 
1. 

As  from  November  11,  1918.  the  following1 
persons  are  ipso  facto  reinstated  in  French 
nationality: 

(1)  Persons  who  lest  French  nationality 
by  the  application  of  the  Franco-German 
Treaty  of  Mpy  10.  1871.  and  who  have  not 
since 'that  date  acquired  any  nationality  other 
than  German : 


564 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


(°)  The  legitimate  or  natural  descendants  of 
the'  persona  referred  to  in  the  immediately  pre- 
ceding paragraph,  with  the  exception  of  those 
whose  ascendants  in  the  paternal  line  include 
a  Geiman  who  migrated  into  Alsace-Lorraine 
after  July  15.  1870: 

(3)  All  persons  born  in  Alsace-Lorraine  01 
unknown  parents,  or  whose  nationality  is  Tin- 
known. 

Within  the  fleriod  of  one  year  from  the  com- 
ing- into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  persons 
included  in  any  of  the  following-  categories 
may  claim  French  nationality: 

(1)  All  persons  not  restored   to  French  na- 
tionality under  paragraph  1   above,  whose  as- 
cendants include  a  Frenchman  or  French  wom- 
an who  lost  French  nationality  under  the  con- 
ditions referred  to  in  the  said  paragraph: 

(2)  All  foreigners,  .not  nationals  of   a  Ger- 


raine.  if  they  have  been  so  domiciled  since  a 
date  previous  to  July  15.  1870.  or  if  one 
of  their  ascendants  was  at  that  date  domiciled 
in  Alsace-Lorraine:  .  .  .  , 

(4)  All  Germans  born  or  domiciled  in  Al- 
sace Lorraine  who  have  served  in  the  Allied 
or  Associated  armies  during-  the  present  war. 


in  Alsace-Lorraine  be- 
fore May  10,  1871,  of  foreign  parents,  and 
the  descendants  of  such  persons: 

(6)  The  husband  or  wife  of  any  person 
whoso  French  nationality  may  have  been  re- 
stored under  paragraph  1.  or  who.  may  have 
claimed  and  obtained  French  nationality  in 
accordance  with  the  preceding-  provisions. 

The  legal  representative  of  .  a  minor  may 
exercise  on  behalf  of  that  minor  the  right 
to  claim  French  nationality:  and  if  that  right 
his  not  been  exercised,  the  minor  may  claim 
French  nationality  within  the  year  following 
his  majority.  __  _ 

Except  in  the  cases  provided  for  in  HOj.CC 
of  the  present  paragraph,  the  French  authori- 
ties  reserve   to    themselves    the  .right,    in    in- 
dividual  cases,  to  reject  the  claim  to  French 
nationality. 

o. 

Subject  to  the  provisions  of  paragraph  2. 
Germans  born  or  domiciled  in  Alsace-Lorraine 
shall  not  acquire  French  nationality  by  reason 
of  the  restoration  of  Alsace-Lorraine  to 
France,  even  though  they  may  have  the  status 
of  citizens  of  Alsace-Lorraine. 

They  may  acquire  French  nationality  only 
by  naturalisation,  on  condition,  of  having- 
been  domiciled  in  Alsace-Lorraine  Irom  a 
date  previous  to  August  3.  1914.  and  of  sub- 
miUin?  proof  of  unbroken  residence  within  the 
restored  territory  for  a  period  of  three  years 
from  November  11,  1918. 

France  will  be  solely  responsible  for  their 
diplomatic  and  consular  protection  from  the 
date  of  their  application  for  French  naturali- 

The  French  Government  shall  determine  the 
procedure  by  which  reinstatement  in  French 
nationality  as  of  right  shall  b^  effected,  and 
the  conditions  under  which  decisions  shall  be 
giv°n  upon  claims  to  such  nationality  and  ap- 
plications for  naturalisation,  as  provided  by 
the  present  Annex. 

Section  VI. 
AUSTRIA. 
Article  80. 

Germany  acknowledges  and  _will  respect 
strictly  the  independence  of  Austria,  within  the 
frontiers  which  may  be  fixed  in  a  Ireaty  be- 
tween that  State  and  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers:  she  agrees  that  this  in- 
dependence shfvll  be  inalienable,  except  with  the 
cpn<«nt  of  tho  Council  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions. 


Section    VII. 
CZECHO-SLOVAK    STATE. 

Article   81. 

Germany,  in  conformity  with  the  action  al- 
ready taken  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Pow- 
ers, recognises  the  complete  independence  of 
the  Czecho-Slovak  State  which  will  include  the 
autonomous  territory  of  the  Ruthenians  to  the 
south  of  the  Carpathians.  Germany  hereby 
recognises  the  frontiers  of  this  State  as  de- 
termined by  the  Principal  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers  and  the  other  interested  States. 

Article   82. 

The  old  frontier  as  it  existed  on  August  3. 
1914,  between  Austria-Hungary  and  the  Ger- 
min  Empire  will  constitute  the  frontier  De- 
tween  Germany  and  the  Czecho-Slovak  State. 

Article   83. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  the  Czecho- 
slovak State  all  rights  and  title  over  the  por- 
tion of  Silesian  territory  defined  as  follows: 

starting-    from    a    point    about    2    kilometres 
south -cast    of   Katocher.    on    the   boundary   be- 
tween the  Kreise  of  Leobschutz  and  Ratibor: 
the  boundary  between   the  two   Kreise ; 
then,  the  former  boundary  between  Germany 
and   Austria-Hungary    up    to    a    point    on    the 
Oder   immediately   to   the   south   of   the   Rati- 
bor-Oderber?  mil  way 

thence,  towards  the  north-west  and  up  to  a 
point  about  2  kilometres  to  the  south-east 
of  Ka  tocher: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  spot  passing  to  the 
west  of  ffranowitz. 

A  Commission  composed  of  seven  members, 
five  nominated  by  the  Principal  Allied  and  As- 
sociated Pow?rs.  one  by  Poland  and  one  by 
the  Czecho-Slovak  State,  will  be  appointed 
fifteen  days  after  the  coming-  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty  to  trace  on  the  spot  the 
frontier  line  between  Poland  and  the  Czecho- 
slovak State. 

The  decisions  of  this  Commission  will  be 
taken  by  a  majority  and  shall  be  bindinr  on 
the  parties  concerned. 

Germany  hereby  agrees  to  renounce  in  favour 
of  the  Czecho-Slovak  State  all  rights  and 
title  over  the  Dart  of  the  Kreis  of  Leobschutz 
comprised  within  the  following  boundaries  in 
case  after  the  determination  of  the  frontier 
between  Germany  and  Poland  the  said  part  of 
that  Kreis  should  become  isolated  from  Ger- 
many: 

from  the  south-eastern  extremity  of  the 
salient  of  the  former  Austrian  frontier  at 
about  5  kilometres  to  the  west  of  Leobsehutz 
southwards  and  up  to  the  point  of  junction 
with  the  boundary  between  the  Kreise  of 
Leobschutz  and  Ratibor: 

the  former  frontier  between  Germany  and 
Austria-Hungary : 

then,  northwards,  the  administrative  bound- 
ary between  the  Kreise  of  Leobschutz  and 
Ratibor  up  to  a  point  situated  about  2  kilo- 
metres to  the  south-east  of  Katscher: 

thence,  north-westwards  and  up  to  the  start- 
ing--point  of  this  definition: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  spot  passing  to  the 
east  of  Katscher. 

Article  8%. 

German  nationals  habitually  resident  in  any 
of  the  territories  recognised  as  forming  part 
of  the  Czecho-Slovak  State  will  obtain  Czecho- 
slovak nationality  ipso  facto  and  lose  their 
German  nationality. 

Article   85. 

Within  a  period  of  two  years  from  the  com- 
ing into  force  of  the  present  Treaty.  German 
nationals  over  eighteen  years  of  age  habitually 


resident  in  any  of  the  territories  recongised  as 
g  part  of  the  Czecho-Slovak  Stnte  will 
be  entitled  to  opt  for  German  nationality. 


Czecho-Slovaks  who  are  German  nationals 
and  are  habitually  resident  in  Germany  will 
have  a  similar  right  to  opt  for  Czecho-Slovak 
nationality. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


565 


Option  by  a  husband  will  cover  his  wife  and 
option  by  parents  will  cover  their  children 
under  eighteen  years  of  age. 

Persons  who  have  exercised  the  above  right 
to  opt  must  within  the  succeeding1  twelve 
months  transfer  their  place  of  residence  to  the 
State  for  which  they  have  opted. 

They  will  be  entitled  to  retain  their  landed 
property  in  the  territory  of  the  other  State 
where  they  had  their  place  of  residence  before 
exercising:  the  right  to  opt.  They  may  carry 
with  them  their  movable  property  of  every 
description.  No  export  or  import  duties  may 
be  imposed  upon  them  in  connection  with  the 
removal  of  such  property. 

Within  the  same  period  Czecho- Slovaks  who 
are  German  nationals  and  are  in  a  foreign 
country  will  be  entitled,  in  the  absence  of 
any  provisions  to  the  contrary  in  the  foreign 
law.  and  if  they  have  not  acquired  the  for- 
eign nationality,  to  obtain  Czecho-Slovak  na- 
tionality and  lose  their  German  nationality  by 
complying1  with  the  requirements  laid  down  by 
the  Czecho-Slovak  State. 

Article   86. 

The  Czecho-Slovak  State  accepts  and  agrees 
to  embody  in  A  Treaty  with  the  Principal  Al- 
lied and  Associated  Powers  such  provisions 
as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  said  Pow- 
ers to  protect  the  interests  of  inhabitants  of 
that  State  who  differ  from  the  majority  of 
the  population  in  race,  language  or  religion. 

The  Czecho-Slovak  State  further  accepts  and 
agrees  to  embody  in  a  Treaty  with  the  said 
Powers  such  provisions  as  they  may  deem  nec- 
essary to  protect  freedom  of  transit  and 
equitable  treatment  of  the  commerce  of  other 
nations. 

The  proportion  and  nature  of  the  financial 
obligations  of  Germany  and  Prussia  which  the 
Czecho-Slovak  State  will  have  to  assume  on 
account  of  the  Silesian  territory  placed  under 
its  sovereignty  will  be  determined  in  accord- 
ance with  Article  254  of  Part  IX  (Financial 
Clause-?)  of  the  present  Treaty. 

Subsequent  agreements  will  decide  all  ques- 
tions not  decided  by  the  present  Treaty  which 
may  arise  in  consequence  of  the  cession  of  the 
eaid  territory. 

Section  V1IL 
POLAND. 
Article   87. 

Germany,  in  conformity  with  the  action  al- 
ready taken  by  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers,  recognizes  the  complete  independence 
of  Poland,  and  renounces  in  her  favour  all 
rights  and  title  over  the  territory  bounded  by 
the  Baltic  Sea,  'the  eastern  frontier  of  Ger- 
many as  laid  down  in  Article  27  of  Part  11 
(Boundaries  of  Germany)  of  the  present 
Treaty  up  to  a  point  situated  about  2  kilo- 
metres to  the  east  of  Lorzendorf,  then  a  line 
to  the  acute  angle  which  the  northern  bound- 
ary of  Upper  Silesia  makes  abflut  3  kilome- 
tres north-west  of  Simmenau,  then  the  bound- 
ary of  Upper  Silesia  to  its  meeting  point 
with  the  old  frontier  between  Germany  and 
Russia,  then  this  frontier  'to  the  point  where 
it  crosses  the  course  of  the  Niemen,  and  then 
the  northern  frontier  of  East  Prussia  as  laid 
down  in  Article  28  of  Part  II  aforesaid. 

The  provisions  of  this  Article  do  not.  how- 
ever, apply  to  the  territories  of  East  Prussia 
and  the  Free  City  of  Danzig,  as  defined  in 
Article  28  of  Part  H  (Boundaries  of  Ger- 
many) and  in  Article  100  of  Section  XI  (Dan- 
zig) of  this  Part. 

The  boundaries  of  Poland  not  laid  down  in 
the  present  Treaty  will  be  subsequently  de- 
termined by  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers. 

A  Commission  consisting1  of  seven  members, 
live  of  whom  shall  be  nominated  by  the  Prin- 
cipal Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  one  by 
Germany  and  one  by  Poland,  shall  be  consti- 
tuted fifteen  days  after  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  Treaty  to  delimit  on  the  epot 


the    frontier    line    between    Poland    and    Ger- 
many. 

The    decisions    of    the    Commission    will    be 
taken   by    a   majority    of    votee   and   shall   be 
binding  upon  the  parties  concerned. 
Article  88. 

In  the  portion  of  Upper  Silesia  included 
within  the  boundaries  described  below,  the  in- 
habitants will  be  called  upon  to  indicate  by 
a  vote  whether  they  wish  to  be  attached  to 
Germany  or  to  Poland: 

starting  from  the  northern  point  of  the 
salient  of  the  old  province  of  Austrian  Silesia 
situated  about  8  kilometres  east  of  Neustadt. 
the  former  frontier  between  Germany  and 
Austria  to  its  junction  with  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  Kriese  of  Leobschutz  and  Ratibor: 

thence  in  a  northerly  direction  to  a  point 
about  2  kilometres  south-east  of  Katscher; 

the  boundary  between  the  Kreise  of  .Leob- 
schutz and  Ratibor: 

thence  in  a  south-easterly  direction  to  a 
point  on  the  course  of  the  Oder  immediately 
south  of  the  Ratibor-Oderberg  railway: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing- 
south  of  Kranowitz : 

thence  the  old  boundary  between  Germany 
and  Austria,  then  the  old  boundary  between 
Germany  and  Russia  to  its  junction  with  the 
administrative  boundary  between  Posnania  and 
Upper  Silesia; 

thence  this  administrative  boundary  to  its 
junction  with  the  administrative  boundary  be- 
tween Upper  and  Middle  Silesia: 

thence  westwards  to  the  point  where  the  ad- 
ministrative boundary  turns  in  an  acute  angle 
to  the  south-east  about  3  kilometres  north- 
west of  Simmenau: 

the    boundary    between   Upper     and    Middle 

then 'in  a  westerly  direction  to  a  point  to  be 
fixed  on  the  ground  about  2  kilometres  east 
of  Lorzendorf: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing1 
north  of  Klein  Hennersdorf; 

thence  southwards  to  the  point  where  the 
boundary  between  Upper  and  Middle  Silesia 
cuts  the  Stadtel-Karlsruhe  road: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
west  of  Hennersdorf,  Polkowitz.  Noldau,  Stein- 
ersdorf  and  Dammer,  and  east  of  Strehlitz. 
Nassadel.  Eckersdorf,  Schwirz  and  Stadtel; 

thence  the  boundary  between  Upper  and 
Middle  Silesia  to  its  junction  with  the  east- 
ern boundary  of  the  Kreis  of  Falkenberg: 

thence  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  Kreis  oJ 
Falkenberg  to  the  point  of  the  salient  which 
ia  3  kilometres  east  of  Puschine: 

thence  to  the  northern  point  of  the  salient 
of  the  old  province  of  Austrian  Silesia  sit- 
uated about  8  kilometres  east  of  Neustadt: 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  east 
of  Zulz. 

The  regime  under  which  this  plebiscite  will 
bo  taken  and  given  effect  to  is  laid  down  in 
the  Annex  hereto. 

The  Polish  and  German  Governments  here- 
by respectively  bind  themselves  to  conduct  no 
prosecutions  on  any  part  of  their  territory 
and  to  take  no  exceptional  proceedings  for  any 
political  action  performed  in  Upper  Silesia 
dviring  the  period  of  the  regime  laid  down  in 
the  Annex  hereto  and  up  to  the  settlement 
of  the  final  status  of  the  country. 

Germany  hereby  renounces  in  favour  of  Po- 
l^nd   all   rierhts   and  title  over  the   portion   of 
Upper    Silesia    lying    beyond    the    frontier   line 
fixed   by   the  Principal   Allied   and   Associated 
Powers   as   the  result   of   the  plebiscite. 
ANNEX. 
1. 

Within  fifteen  days  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  the  German  troops 
and  such  officials  as  may  be  designated  by 
the  Commission  eet  up  under  the  provisions 
of  paragraph  2  shall  evacuate  the  plebiscite 
area.  Up  to  the  moment  of  the  completion 
of  the  evacuation  they  shall  refrain  from  any 


566 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


form  of  requisitioning'  in  money  or  in  kind  and 
from  all  acts  likely  to  prejudice  the  material 
interests  of  the  country. 

Within  the  same  period  the  Workmen's  and 
Soldiers'  Councils  which  have  been  constituted 
in  this  area  shall  be  dissolved.  Members  of 
such  Councils  who  are  natives  of  another 
region  and  are  exercising-  their  functions  at 
the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty,  or  who  have  gone  out  of 
office  since  March  1.  1919.  shall  be  evacuated. 

All  military  and  semi-military  unions  formed 
in  the  said  area  by  inhabitants  of  the  district 
shall  be  immediately  disbanded.  All  mem- 
bers of  such  military  organisations  who  are 
not  domiciled  in  the  said  area  shall  be  required 
to  leave  it. 


The  plebiscite  area  shall  be  immediately 
placed  under  the  authority  of  an  International 
Commission  of  four  members  to  be  designated 
by  the  following  Powers:  The  United  States 
of  America.  France,  the  British  Empire  and 
Italy.  It  shall  be  occupied  by  troops  belong- 
ing  to  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  and 
the  German  government  undertakes  to  give 
facilities  for  the  transference  of  these  troops 
to  Upper  Silesia. 

3. 

The  Commission  shall  <mjoy  all  the  powers 
exercised  bv  the  German  or  the  Prussian  Gov- 
ernment, except  those  of  legislation  or  taxa- 
tion. It  shall  also  be  substituted  for  the 
Government  of  the  province  and  the  Regie- 
It  s-xall  be  within  the  competence  of  the 
Commission  to  interpret  the  powers  hereby 
conferred  upon  it  and  to  determine  to  what 
extent  it  shall  exercise  them  and  to  what 
extent  they  shall  be  left  in  the  hands  of  the 
existing-  authorities. 

Changes  in  the  existing1  laws  and  the  exist- 
ing1 taxation  shall  only  be  brought  into  force 
with  the  consent  of  the  Commission. 

The  Commission  will  maintain  order  with 
the  help  of  the  troops  which  will  be  at  its 
disposal  and  to  the  extent  which  it  may  deem 
necessary  by  means  of  gendarmerie  recruited 
among-  the  inhabitants  of  the  country. 

The  Commission  shall  provide  immediately 
for  the  replacement  of  the  evacuated  German 
officials  and.  if  occasion  arises,  shall  itself  or- 
der the  evacuation  of  such  authorities  and 
proceed  to  the  replacement  of  such  local  au- 
thorities as  may  be  required. 

It  shall  take  all  steps  which  it  thinks  proper 
to  insure  the  freedom,  fairness  and  secrecy  of 
the  vote.  In  particular  it  shall  have  the 
right  to  order  the  expulsion  of  any  person 
who  may  in  any  way  have  attempted  to  dis- 
tort the  result  of  the  plebiscite  by  methods  of 
corruption  or  intimidation. 

The  Commission  shall  have  full  power  to 
settle  all  questions  arising-  from  the  execiition 
of  the  present  clauses.  It  shall  be  assisted 
by  technical  advisers  chosen  by  it  from  among1 
thi  local  population. 

The   decisions    of    the    Commission    shall  be 
taken  by  a  majority  vote. 
4. 

The  Tote  shall  take  place  at  such  date  as 
may  be  determined  by  the  Principal  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers,  but  not  sooner  than 
six  month*  or  later  than  eighteen  months  after 
the  establishment  of  the  Commission  in  the 
ax?a. 

The  rigrht  to  vote  shall  be  given  to  all  per- 
sons without  distinction  of  sex  who: 

(a)  Have  completed  their  twentieth  year  on 
the    1st    January    of    the    year   in    which    the 
plebiscite  takes  place; 

(b)  Were    born    in    the    plebiscite    area    or 
have  been  domiciled  there  since  a  date  to  be 
determined    by    the    Commission,    which    shall 
not  be  subsequent  to  January  1.  1919.  or  who 
have  been  expelled  by  the  German  authorities 
and  havo  not  retained  their  domicile  there. 


Persons  convicted  of  political  offences  shall 
be  enabled  to  exercise  their  right  of  voting. 

Every  person  will  vote  in  the  commune 
where  he  is  domiciled  or  in  which  he  was 
born,  if  he  has  not  retained  his  domicile  in 
the  area. 

The  result  of  the  vote  will  be  determined  by 
communes  according-  to  the  majority  of  votes 
in  each  commune. 

5. 

On  the  conclusion  of  the  voting-  the  number 
of  votes  cast  in  each  commune  will  be  commu- 
nicated by  the  Commission  to  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  with  a  full  re- 
port as  to  the  taking-  of  the  vote  and  a  recom- 
-mendation  as  to  the  line  which  ought  to  be 
adopted  as  the  frontier  of  Germany  in  Upper 
Silesia.  In  this  recommendation  regard  will 
be  paid  to  the  wishes  of  the  inhabitants  as 
shown  by  the  vote,  and  to  the  geographical 
and  economic  conditions  of  the  locality. 
6. 

As  soon  as  the  frontier  has  been  fixed  by 
the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
the  German  authorities  will  be  notified  by 
the  International  Commission  that  they  are 
iree  to  take  over  the  administration  of  the  ter- 
ritory which  it  is  rep9grnised  should  be  Ger- 
man: the  said  authorities  must  proceed  to  do 
so  within  one  month  of  such  notification  and 
in  the  manner  prescribed  by  the  Commission.. 

Within  the  same  period  and  in  the  manner 
prescribed  by  the  Commission  the  Polish  Gov- 
ernment must  proceed  to  take  over  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  territory  which  it  is  rec- 
ognised should  be  Polish. 

When  the  administration  of  the  territory  haa 
been  provided  for  by  the  German  and  Polish 
authorities  respectively  the  powers  of  the 
Commission  will  terminate.  N 

The  cost  of  the  army  of  occupation  and  ex. 
penditure  by  the  Commission,  whether  in  dis- 
charge of  its  own  functions  or  in  'the  admin- 
istration of  the  territory,  will  be  charge  on 
the  area. 

Article   89. 

Poland  undertakes  to  accord  freedom  of 
transit  to  persons,  goods,  vessels,  carriages, 
wagons  and  mails  in  transit  between  East 
Prussia  and  the  rest  of  Germany  over  Polish 
territory,  including  territorial  waters,  and  to 
treat  them  at  least  as  favourably  as  the  per- 
eons,  goods,  vessels,  carriages,  wagons  and 
mails  respectively  of  Polish  or  of  any  other 
more  favoured  nationality,  origin,  importation, 
starting  point,  or  ownerships  as  regards  facil- 
ities, restrictions  and  all  other  matters. 

Goods  in  transit  shall  be  exempt  from  all 
customs  or  other  similar  duties. 

Freedom  of  transit  will  extend  to  telegraphic 
and  telephonic  services  under  the  conditions 
laid  down  by  the  conventions  referred  to  in 
Article  98. 

Article  90. 

Poland  undertakes  to  permit  for  a  period 
of  fifteen  years  the  exportation  to  Germany 
of  the  products  of  the  mines  in  any  part  of 
Upper  Silesia  transferred  to  Poland  in  accord- 
ance with  the  present  Treaty. 

Such  products  shall  be  free  from  all  export 
duties  or  other  charges  or  restrictions  on  ex- 
portation. 

Poland  agrees  to  take  such  steps  as  may  be 
necessary  to  secure  that  any  such  products 
shall  be  available  for  sale  to  purchasers  in 
Germany  on  terms  as  favourable  as  are  appli- 
cable to  like  products  sold  under  similar  con- 
ditions to  purchasers  in  Poland  or  in  any 
other  country. 

Article    91. 

German  nationals  habitually  resident  in  ter- 
ritories recognised  as  forming  part  of  Poland 
will  acquire  Polish  nationality  ipso  facto  and 
will  lose  their  German  nationality. 

German  nationals,  however,  or  their  descen 
ants  who  became  resident  in   these  territories 
after     January     1,     1918,     will     not    acquire 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


567 


Polish  nationality  without  a  special  authorisa- 
tion irorn  the  Polish  State. 

Within  a  period  of  two  years  after  the  com- 
ing: into  force  of  the  present  Treaty.  Ger- 
man nationals  over  18  years  of  age  habitu- 
ally resident  in  any  of  the  territories  recog- 
nised as  forming1  part  of  Poland  will  be  en- 
titled to  opt  for  German  nationality. 

Poles  who  are  German  nationals  over  18 
years  of  age  and  habitually  resident  in  Ger- 
many will  have  <a  similar  right  to  opt  for 
Polish  nationality 

Option  by  a  husband  will  cover  his  wife 
and  option  by  parents  will  cover  their  chil- 
dren under  18  years  of  age. 

Persons  who  have  exercised  the  above  right 
to  opt  may  within  the  succeeding  twelve 
months  transfer  their  place  of  residence  to 
the  State  for  which  they  have  opted. 

They  will  be  entitled  to  retain  their  immov- 
abla  property  in  the  territory  of  the  other 
State  where  they  had  their  place  of  residence 
before  exercising  the  right  to  opt. 

They  may  carry  with  them  their  movable 
property  of  every  description.  No  export  or 
import  duties  or  charges  may  be  imposed  upon 
them  in  connection  with  the  removal  of  such 
property. 

Within  the  same  period  Poles  who  are  Ger- 
man nationals  and  pro  in  a  foreign  country 
will  be  entitled,  in  the  absence  of  any  provi- 
sions to  the  contrary  in  the  foreign  law.  and 
if  they  have  not  acouired  the  foreign  nation- 
ality, to  obtain  Polish  nationality  and  to  1930 
their  German  nationality  by  complying  with 
the  requirements  laid  down  by  the  Polish 

In  the  portion  of  Upper  Silesia  submitted 
to  a  plebiscite  the  provisions  of  this  Article 
shall  only  come  into  force  as  from  the 
definite  attribution  of  the  territory. 

Article    92. 

The  proportion  and  the  nature  of  the  finan- 
cial liabilities  of  Germany  and  Prussia  which 
are  to  be  borne  by  Poland  will  be  determined 
in  accordance  with  Article  254  of  Part  IX 
(Financial  Clauses)  of  the* present  Treaty. 

There  shall  be  excluded  from  the  share  of 
such  financial  liabilities  assumed  by  Poland 
that  portion  of  the  debt  which,  according  to 
the  finding1  of  the  Reparation  Commission  re- 
ferred to  in  the  above-mentioned  Article,  arises 
from  measures  adopted  by  the  German  and 
Prussian  Governments  with  a  view  to  German 
colonisation  in  Poland. 

In  fixing-  under  Article  256  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  value  of  the  property  and  posses- 
sions belonging  to  the  German  Empire  and  to 
the  German  States  which  pass  to  Poland  with 
the  territory  transferred  above,  the  Reparation 
Commission  shrll  exclude  from  the  valuation 
buildings,  forests  and  other  State  property 
which  belonged  to  the  fo-mer  Kingdom  of 
Poland:  Poland  shall  acauire  these  proper- 
ties free  of  all  costs  and  charges. 

In  all  the  Germin  territory  transferred  in 
accordance  with  the  •nr^s^nt  Treaty  pnd  recosr- 
nised  a  a  forming  definitively  p?rt  of  Poland, 
the  property,  rights  and  interests  of  German 
nntionala  shall  not  be  linrMdated  under  Article 
297  by  the  Pol'sh  Government  except  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  following  provisions: 

(1)  The  proceeds  of  the  liquidation  shall  be 
Paid  direct  to  the  owner: 

(?)  If  on  his  annlication  the  Mixed  Arbi- 
tral Tribunal  provided  for  by  Section  VI  of 
Part  X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the  present 
Treaty,  or  an  arbitrator  appointed  by  that 
Tribunal,  is  satisfied  th^t  the  conditions  of 
the  sale  or  me? sures  taken  by  the  Polish  Gov- 
ernment outside  .  its  general  lec'slation  were 
unfairly  prejudicial  to  the  price  obtained,  they 
•hall  have  discretion  to  award  to  the  owner 
•qnitable  rorrmersation  to  be  paid  by  the 
Polish  Gov°mm«nt. 

Further  agreements  will  regulate  all  ques- 
tions arising1  out  of  the  cession  of  the  above 


regulated 


Article   93. 

Poland  accepts  and  agrees  to  embody  in  a 
Treaty  with  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associ- 
ated Powers  such  provisions  as  may  bo  deemed 
necessary  by  the  said  Powers  to  protect  the 
interests  of  inhabitants  of  Poland  who  differ 
from  the  majority  of  the  population  in  race. 
language  or  religion. 

Poland  further  accepts  and  agrees  to  embody 
in  a  Treaty  with  the  said  Powers  such  pro- 
visions as  they  may  deem  necessary  to  pro- 
tect freedom  of  transit  and  equitable  treat- 
ment of  the  commerce  of  other  nations. 

Section   IX. 

EAST  PRUSSIA. 

Article  94. 

In  the  area  between  the  southern  frontier  of 
East  Prussia,  as  described  in  Article  28  of 
Part  II  (Boundaries  of  Germany)  of  the  pres- 
ent Treaty,  and  the  line  described  below,  the 
inhabitants  will  be  called  upon  to  indicate 
by  a  vote  the  State  to  which  they  wish  to 
belong  : 

The  western  and  northern  boundary  of  Re- 
gierungsbezirk  Allenstein  to  its  junction  with 
the  boundary  between  the  Kreise  of  Oleteko 
and  Angerburg;  thence,  the  northern  boundary 
of  the  Kreis  of  Oletsko  to  its  junction  with 
the  old  frontier  of  East  Prussia. 
Article  95. 

The  German  troops  and  authorities  will  be 
withdrawn  from  the  area  defined  above  within 
a  period  not  exceeding  fifteen  days  after  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty.  Until 
the  evacuation  is  completed  they  will  abstain 
from  all  requisitions  in  money  or  in  kind  and 
from  all  measures  injurious  to  the  economic 
interests  of  the  country. 

On  the  expiration  of  the  above-mentioned 
period  the  said  area  will  be  placed  under  the 
authority  of  an  International  Commission  of 
live  members  appointed  by  the  Principal  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers.  This  Commission 
will  have  general  P9wers  of  administration 
and,  in  particular,  will  be  charged  with  the 
duty  of  arranging  for  the  vote  and  of  taking 
such  measures  as  it  may  deem  necessary  to 
ensure  its  freedom,  fairness  and  secrecy.  The 
Commission  will  have  all  necessary  authority 
to  decide  any  questions  to  which  the  execu- 
tion of  these  provisions  may  give  rise.  The 
Commission  will  make  such  arrangements  as 
may  be  necessary  for  assistance  in  the  exer- 
cise of  its  functions  by  officials  chosen  by  itself 
from  the  local  population.  Its  decisions  will 
be  taken  by  a  majority. 

Every  person,  irrespective  of  sex,  will  be 
entitled  to  vote  who: 

(a)  Is  20  years  of  age  at  the  date  of  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  and 

(b)  Was   born    within    the   area    where    the 
vote   will    take  place    or  has  been   habitually 
a  resident   there  from  a  date  to  be  fixed  by 
the  Commission. 

Every  person  will  vote  in  the  commune 
where  he  is  habitually  resident  or.  if  not  ha- 
bitually resident  in  the  area,  in  the  commune 
where  he  was  born. 

The  result  of  the  vote  will  be  determined 
by  communes  (Gemeinde)  according  to  the  ma- 
jority of  the  votes  in  each  commune. 

On  the  conclusion  of  the  voting  the  num- 
ber of  votes  ca?t  in  each  commune  will  be 
communicated  by  the  Commission  to  th^  Prin- 
cipal Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  with  a 
full  report  as  to  the  taking  of  the,  vote  and 
a  recommendation  as  to  the  line  which  ought 
to  be  adopted  as  the  boundary  of  East  Prus- 
sia in  this  region.  In  this  recommendation 
regard  will  be  pMd  to  the  wishes  of  the  in- 
habitants as  fhown  by  the  vote  and  to  the 
geographical  and  economic  conditions  of  the 
locality.  The  Principal  Allied  and  Associated 


668 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Powers  will  then  fix  the  frontier  between  East 
Prussia   and   Poland  in   this   region. 

If  the  line  fixed  by  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  is  such  as  to  exclude  from 
East  Prussia  any  part  of  the  territory  defined 
in  Article  94.  the  renunciation  of  its  rights 
by  Germany  3n  favour  of  Poland,  at  provided 
in  Article  87  above,  will  extend  to  the  ter- 
ritories BO  excluded. 

As  soon  as  the  line  has  been  fixed  by  the 
Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  the 
authorities  administering-  East  Prussia  will  be 
notified  by  the  International  Commission  that 
they  are  free  to  take  over  the  administration 
of  the  territory  to  the  north  of  the  line  so 
fixed,  which  they  shall  proceed  to  do  within 
one  month  of  such  notification  and  in  the 
manner  prescribed  by  the  Commission.  Within 
the  same  period  and  as  prescribed  by  the 
Commission,  the  Polish  Government  must  pro- 
ceed to  take  over  the  administration  of  the 
territory  to  the  south  of  the  line.  When  the 
administration  of  the  territory  by  the  East 
Prussian  and  Polish  authorities  respectively 
has  been  provided  fpr.  the  powers  of  the 
Commission  will  terminate. 

Expenditure  by  the  Commission,  whether  in 
the  discharge  of  its  own  functions  or  in  the 
administration  of  the  territory,  will  be  borne 
by  the  local  revenues.  East  Prussia  will  be 
required  to  bear  such  proportion  of  any  deficit 
as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers. 

Article  96. 

In  the  area  comprising1  the  Kreise  of  Stuhm 
and  Rosenberg:  and  the  portion  of  the  Kreis 
of  Marienburg  which  is  situated  east  of  the 
Nogat  and  that  of  Marienwerder  east  of  the 
Vistula,  the  inhabitants  will  be  called  upon 
to  indicate  by  a  vote,  to  be  taken  in  each 
commune  (Gemeinde).  whether  they  desire  the 
rarious  communes  situated  in  this  territory 
to  belong"  to  Poland  or  to  East  Prussia. 

Article  97. 

The  German  troops  and  authorities  will  be 
withdrawn  from  the  area  defined  in  Article  96 
within  a  period  not  exceeding-  fifteen  days 
after  the  coming1  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty.  Until  the  evacuation  is  completed 
they  will  abstain  from  all  requisitions  in 
money  or  in  kind  and  from  all  measures  in- 
jurious to  the  economic  interests  of  the 
country. 

On  the  expiration  of  the  above-mentioned 
period,  the  said  area  will  be  placed  under 
the  authority  of  an  International  Commission 
of  five  members  appointed  by  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers.  This  Commis- 
sion, supported  if  occasion  arises  by  the  neces- 
sary forces,  will  have  general  powers  of  ad- 
ministration and  in  particular  will  be  charged 
•with  the  duty  of  arranging  for  the  vote  and 
ol  taking1  such  measures  as  it  may  deem  neces- 
sary to  ensure  its  freedom,  fairness  and 
secrecy.  The  Commission  will  conform  as  far 
as  possible  to  the  provisions  of  the  present 
Treaty  relating1  to  the  plebiscite  in  the  Allen- 
etein  area:  its  decisions  will  be  taken  by  a 
majority. 

Expenditure  by  the  Commission,  whether  In 
the  discharge  of  its  own  functions  or  in  the 
administration  of  the  territory,  will  be  borne 
by  the  local  revenues. 

On  the  conclusion  of  the  voting1  the  num- 
ber of  votes  cast  in  each  commune  wi'l  be 
communicated  by  the  Commission  to  the  Prin- 
cipal Allied  and  Associated  Powers  with  a  full 
report  as  to  the  taking  of  the  vote  and  a 
recommendation  as  to  the  line  which  ought  to 
be  adopted  as  the  boundary  of  East  Prus- 
sia in  this  region.  In  this  recommendation 
regard  will  be  paid  to  the  wishes  of  the  in- 
habitants as  shown  by  the  vote  ?nd  to  the 
geographical  and  economic  conditions  of  the 
locality.  The  Principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  will  then  fix  the  frontier  between  East 
Prussia  and  Poland  in  this  region,  leaving  in 


any  case  to  Poland  for  the  whole  of  the  sec- 
tion bordering  on  the  Vistula  lull  and  com- 
plete control  of  the  river  including  the  east 
bank  as  far  east  of  the  river  as  may  be 
necessary  for  its  regulation  and  improve- 
ment. Germany  agrees  that  in  any  portion 
of  the  said  territory  which  remains  German, 
no  fortifications  shall  at  any  time  be  erected. 

The  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
will  at  the  same  time  draw  UP  regulations 
for  assuring  to  the  population  of  East  Prus- 
sia to  the  fullest  extent  and  under  equitable 
conditions  access  to  the  Vistula  and  the  use 
of  it  for  themselves,  their  commerce  and  their 
boats. 

The  determination  of  the  frontier  and  the 
foregoing  regulations  shall  be  binding  upon 
all  the  parties  concerned.  ' 

When  the  administration  of  the  territory  has 
been    taken    over   by    the    East   Prussian    and 
Polish  authorities  respectively,   the  powers  of 
the  Commission   will  terminate. 
Article  98. 

Germany  and  Poland  undertake,  within  one 
jear  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  Treaty. 
to  enter  into  conventions  of  which  the  terms, 
in  case  of  difference,  shall  be  settled  by  the 
Council  of  the  League  of  Nations,  with  the 
object  of  securing,  on  the  one  hand  to  Ger- 
many fuU  and  adequate  railroad,  telegraphic 
and  telephonic  facilities  for  communication  be- 
tween the  rest  of  Germany  and  East  Prussia 
over  the  intervening  Polish  territory,  and  on 
the  other  hand  to  Poland  full  and  adequate 
railroad,  telegraphic  and  telephonic  facilities 
lor  communication  between  Poland  and  the 
Free  City  of  Danzig  over  any  German  territory 
that  may.  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Vistula. 
intervene  between  Poland  and  the  Free  City  ol 
Danzig. 

Section  X. 
MEMEL. 
Article  99. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  the  Prin- 
cipal Allied  and  Associated  Powers  all  rights 
and  title  over  the  territories  included  between 
ttia  Baltic,  the  north-eastern  frontier  of  East 
Prussia  as  defined  in  Article  28  of  Part  II 
(Boundaries  of  Germany)  of  the  present 
Treaty  and  the  former  frontier  between  Ger- 
many and  Russia. 

Germany  undertakes  to  accept  the  settle- 
ment made  by  the  Principal  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciat*d  Powers  in  regard  to  these  territories, 
particularly  in  so  far  as  concerns  the  nation- 
ality of  the  inhabitants. 

Section  XI. 

FREE  CITY  OF  DANZIG. 
Article  100. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  the  Prin- 
cipal Allied  and  Associated  Powers  all  rights 
and  title  over  the  territory  comprised  within 
the  following  limits: 

from  the  Baltic  sea  southwards  to  the  point 
where  the  principal  channels  of  navigation  of 
the  Noarat  and  the  Vistula  (Weichsel)  meet: 

the  boundary  of  East  Prussia  as  described  in 
Article  28  of  Part  II  (Boundaries  of  Germany) 
of  the  present  Treaty. 

thence  the  principal  of  navigation  of  the 
Vistuala  downstream  to  a  point  about  6% 
kilometres  north  of  the  bridge  of  Dirschau: 

thence  north-west  to  point  5.  1%  kilometres 
south-east  of  the  church  of   Guttland. 
•  a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground: 

thence  In  a  general  westerly  direction  to  the 
salient  made  by  the  boundary  of  the  Kreis 
of  Berent  8#  kilometres  north-east  of  Scho- 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  be- 
tween Muhlbanz  on  the  south  and  Ram- 
beltsch  on  the  north: 

tiience  the  boundary  of  the  Kreisi  of  Berent 
westwards  to  the  re-entrant  which,  it  forma  6 
kilometres  north-north-west  of  Schoneck: 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


669 


thence    to    a   point    on   the   median    line    of 
Lonkener  See:  ground  passing 

orth  'of  NeuVand  Schatarpi  and  south 
Lonkener  See  to  its 
end  of  Pollenziner 


nort 


to 

the  present  Treaty    (Map  No.  d). 

Article  101. 
A  Commission   composed   of   three 

the    Principal    Allied  I   and 


as  President    one   member  av^w-""'^* 
many   and  one   membor   appointed  by 
all  be  constituted 


ing  communal  boundaries. 

Article    102. 


be  placed  under  the  protection  of  the  League 
of   Nations. 


A  constitution  for  the  Free  City  of  Danzig1 
shall  be  drawn  UP  by  the  duly  appointed  rep- 
resentatives of  the  Free  City  in  agreement 
with  a  High  Commissioner  to  be  appointed  by 
the  League  of  Nations.  This  constitution  shall 
be  placed  under  the  eruarantee  of  the  League 

°fThea  High  Commissioner  will  also  be  entrusted 
with  the  duty  of  dealing  in  the  first  instance 
with  all  differences  arising  between  Poland  and 
the  Free  City  of  Danzig  in  regard  to  this 
Treaty  or  any  arrangements  or  agree 

'"TheHSh'c^mmissioner  ghall  reside  at  Dan- 

Zifir'  Article   104. 

The  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
undertake  to  negotiate  a  Treaty  between  the 
Polish  Government  and  the  Free  City  of  Dan. 
zig1.  which  shall  come  into  force  at  the  same 
time  as  the  establishment  of  the  said  Free 
City,  with  the  following  objects: 

(1)  To  effect  the  inclusion  of  the  Free  City 
of  Danzig  within  the  Polish  Customs  fron- 
tiers. and  to  establish  a  free  area  In  the 

P°(2)  To  ensure  to  Poland  without  any  re- 
striction the  free  use  and  service  of  all  water- 
ways. docks,  basins,  wharves  and  .other  works 
within  the  territory  of  the  Free  City  necessary 
for  Polish  imports  and  exports: 

(3)  To  ensure  to  Poland  the  control  and 
administration  of  the  Vistula  rind  of  the  whole 
railway  system  within  tha  Free  City,  exeep 
snch  street  and  other  railways  as  serve 
primarily  the  need?  of  the  Free  City.  and.  of 
postal  telegraphic  and  telephonic  commumoa- 
ti^n  between  Poland  and  the  port  of  Danzig; 

(4>  To  enpure  to  Poland  the  right  to  de- 
velop and  improve  the  waterways,  docks. 


basins,  wharves,  railways  and  other  works  and 
means  of  communication  mentioned  in  this 
Article,  as  well  as  to  lease  or  purchase 
through  appropriate  processes  such  land  and 
other  property  as  may  be  necessary  for  these 
purposes ; 

(5)  To    provide    against    any    discrimination 
within  the  Free  City   of  Danzig  to   the  detri- 
ment of  citizens  of  Poland  and  other  persona 
of  Polish  origin  or  speech; 

(6)  To  provide  that  the  Polish  Government 
shall  undertake  the  conduct  of  the  foreign  re- 
lations of  the  Free  City  of  Danzig  as  well  as/ 
the   diplomatic   protection   of   citizens   of   that 
city  when  abroad. 

Article  105. 

On  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  German  nationals  ordinarily  resident 
in  the  territory  described  in  Article  100  will 
ipso  facto  lose  their  German  nationality  in  or- 
der to  become  nationals  of  the  Free  City  of 
Danzig 

Article  106. 

Within  a  period  of  two  years  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  Ger- 
man nationals  over  18  years  of  age  ordinarily 
resident  in  the  territory  described  in  Article 
100  will  have  the  right  to  opt  for  German  na- 
tionality. 

Option  by  a  husband  will  cover  his  wife  and 
option  by  parents  will  cover  their  children 
less  than  18  years  of  age. 

All  persons  who  exercise  the  right  of  option 
referred  to  above  must  during  the  ensuing- 
twelve  months  transfer  their  place  of  resi- 
dence to  Germany. 

These  persons  will  be  entitled  to  preserve 
the  immovable  property  possessed  by  them 
in  the  territory  of  the  Free  City  of  D-nzig. 
They  may  carry  with  them  their  movable 
property  of  every  description.  No  export  or 
import  duties  shall  be  imposed  upon  them 
in  this  connection. 

Article  107. 

All  property  situated  within  the  territory 
of  the  Free  City  of  Danzig  belonging  to  the 
German  Empire  or  to  any  German  State  shall 
pass  to  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  for  transfer  to  the  Free  City  of  Danzig1 
or  to  the  Polish  State  as  they  may  consider 
equitable. 

Article   108. 

The  proportion  and  nature  of  the  financial 
liabilities  of  Germany  and  of  Prussia  to  be 
borne  by  the  Free  City  of  Danzig  shall  be 
fixed  in  accordance  with  Article  254  o*  Part 
IX  (Financial  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty. 

All  other  questions  which  may  arise  from 
the  cession  of  the  territory  referred  to  in 
Article  100  shall  be  settled  by  furtl 


ments. 


urther  agree- 


Section  XII. 
SCHLF.SWTQ. 
Article  109. 


The  frontier  between  Germany  and  Denmark 
shall  be  fixed  in  conformity  with  the  wishea 
of  the  population. 

For  this  purpose  the  population  inhabiting 
the  territories  of  the  former  German  Empire 
situated  to  the  north  of  a  line  from  East  to 
West  (shown  by  a  brown  line  on  the  map  No. 
4,  annexed  to  the  present  Treaty)  : 

leaving  the  Baltic  Sea  about  13  kilometres 
east-north-east  of  Flensbunr, 

running 

south-west  so  as  to  pass  south-east  of:  »y- 
gum.  Ringsberg.  Munkbrarup.  Adelby.  Tastruo. 
Jarolund.  Oversee  and  north-west  of:  Lang1- 
balligholz.  Langballig.  Bonstrup.  Rullschau. 
Weseby.  Kleinwolstrup.  Gross-Solt. 

thence  westwards  passing  south  of  Frorup 
and  north  of  Wanderup. 

thence  in  a  south-westerly  direction.  passing1 
south -»ast  of  Oxlund.  Stieglund  and  Oatenau 
and  north-west  of  the  villages  on  the  Wan- 
derup-Kollund  road. 


570 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


thence  in  a  north-westerly  direction,  passim? 
south-west    of    Lowenstedt.    Joldelund.    Golde 
lund    and    north-east    of   Kolkerheide    and    Ho 
g-el  to  the  bend  of  the  Soholmer  An,  about  1 
kilometre  east  of  Soholm,  where  it  meets  the 
southern  boundary  of   the  Kreis  of  Tondern. 
following   this   boundary    to   the    North    Sea 
passing    south    of    the   islands    of    Fohr   aut 
Amrum  and  north  of  the  islands  of  Oland  am 
.Langeness. 

shall  be  called  upon  to  pronounce  by  a  vote 
which  will  be  taken  under  the  following  con 
ditions : 

(1)  Within  a  period  not  exceeding  ten  days 
from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty,  the  German  troops  and  authorities 
(including  the  Oberprasidenten.  Regierungs- 
prasidenten.  JLandrathe,  Amtsvorsteher,  Ober- 
burgermeister)  shall  evacuate  the  zone  lying 
to  the  north  of  the  line  above  fixed. 

Within  the  same  period  the  Workmen's  and 
Soldiers'  Councils  which  have  been  constituted 
in  this  zone  shall  be  dissolved:  members  of 
Such  Councils  who  are  natives  of  another  re- 
Ifion  and  are  exercising  their  functions  at  the 
date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  or  who  have  gone  out  of  office  since 
March  1.  1919.  shall  also  be  evacuated. 

'ihe  said  zone  shall  immediately  be  placed 
tinder  the  authority  of  an  International  Com- 
mission, composed  of  five  members,  of  whom 
three  will  be  designated  by  the  Principal  Al- 
lied and  Associated  Powers:  the  Norwegian 
and  Swedish  Governments  will  each  be  re- 
quested to  designate  a  member:  in  the  event 
of  their  failing  to  do  so  these  two  members 
•will  be  chosen  by  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers. 

The  Commission,  assisted  in  case  of  need 
by  the  necessary  forces,  shall  have  genera 
powers  of  administration.  In  particular  it 
shall  at  once  provide  for  filling-  the  places  of 
the  evacuated  German  authorities,  and  if  nec- 
essary shall  itself  give  orders  for  their  evac- 
uation, and  proceed  to  fill  the  places  of  such 
local  authorities  as  may  be  required.  It  shall 
take  all  steps  which  it  thinks  proper  to  in- 
sure the  freedom,  fairness  and  secrecy  of  the 
vote.  It  shall  be  assisted  by  German  and 
Danish  technical  advisers  chosen  by  it  from 
among  the  local  population.  Its  decisions  will 
be  taken  by  a  majority. 

One-half  of  the  expenses  of  the  Commis- 
sion and  of  the  expenditure  occasioned  by  the 
plebiscite  shall  be  paid  by  Germany. 

(2)  The  right  to  vote  shall  be  given  to  all 
persons,   without  distinction   of   sex.    who: 

(a)  Have  completed  their  twentieth  year  at 
the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pres- 
ent Treaty:   and 

(b)  Were   born    in    the   zone   in   "which    the 
plebiscite    is    taken,    or    have    been   domiciled 
there  since  a  date  before  January  1.  1900.  or 
had  been  expelled  by   the  German  authorities 
•without  havinsr  retained   their  domicile  there. 

Every  person  will  vote  in  the  commune 
(Gemeinde)  where  he  is  domiciled  or  of  which 
he  is  a  native. 

Military  persons,  officers,  non-commissioned 
officers  and  soldiers  of  the  German  army,  -who 
are  natives  of  the  zone  of  Schleswig  in  which 
the  plebiscite  is  taken,  shall  be  given  the  op- 
portunity to  return  to  their  native  place  in 
order  to  take  part  in  the  voting  there. 

(3)  In    the    section   of   the   evacuated   zone 
lying   to   the   north   of   a   line,    from   East   to 
West    (shown   by   a   red    line    on   map   No.  4 
which  ie  annexed  to  the  present  Treaty)  : 

passing  south  of  the  island  of  Alsen  and  fol- 
lowing the  median  line  of  Flensburg  Fjord. 

leaving  the  fjord  about  6  kilometres  north 
of  Flensburg  and  following  the  course  of  the 
stream  flowing  past  Kupfermahle  upstream  to 
a  point  north  of  Niehuus. 

passing  north  of  Pattburg  and  Ellund  and 
south  of  Froslee  to  meet  the  eastern  bound- 
ary of  the  Kreis  of  Tondern  at  its  junction 
•with,  the  boundary  between  the  old  jurisdic- 


following  the  latter  boundary  to  where  it 
meets  the  Scheidebek. 

following  the  course  of  the  Scheidebek  (Alt* 
Au).  Suder  Au  and  Wied  Au  downstream  suc- 
cessively to  fhe  point  where  the  latter  bends 
northwards  about  1,500  metres  west  of  Rutte- 
bull, 

thence,  in  a  west-north-westerly  direction  to 
meet  the  North  Sea  north  of  Sieltoft. 

thence,  passing  north  of  the  island  of  Sylt: 
the  vote  above  provided  for  shall  be  taken 
within  a  period  not  exceeding  three  weeks 
after  the  evacuation  of  the  country  by  the 
German  troops  and  authorities. 

The  result  will  be  determined  by  the  major- 
ity of  votes  cast  in  the  whole  of  this  sec- 
tion. This  result  will  be  immediately  commu- 
nicated by  the  Commission  to  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  and  proclaimed. 
If  the  vote  results  in  favour  of  the  reincor- 
poration  of  this  territory  in  the  Kingdom  of 
Denmark,  the  Danish  Government  in  agreement 
with  the  Commission  will  be  entitled  to  effect 
its  occupation  with  their  military  and  ad- 
ministrative authorities  immediately  after  the 
proclamation. 

(4)  In  the  section  of  the  evacuated  zone 
situated  to  the  south  of  the  preceding  section 
and  to  the  north  of  the  line  which  starts 
from  the  Baltic  Sea  13  kilometres  from  Flens- 
burg and  ends  north  of  the  islands  of  Oland 
and  Langeness.  the  vote  will  be  taken  within 
a  period  not  exceeding  five  weeks  after  the 
plebiscite  shall  have  been  held  in  the  first 
section. 

The  result  will  be  determined  by  commune* 
(Gemeinden).  in  accordance  -with  the  majority 
of  the  votes  cast  in  each  commune  (Ge- 
meinde) . 

Article  110. 

Pending  a  delimitation  on  the  spot,  a  fron- 
tier line  will  be  fixed  by  the  Principal  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers  according  to  a  line 
based  on  the  result  of  the  voting,  and  pro- 
posed by  the  International  Commission,  and 
taking  into  account  the  particular  geograph- 
ical and  economic  conditions  of  the  localities 
in  question. 

From  that  time  the  Danish  Government  may 
effect  the  occupation  of  these  territories  with 
the  Danish  civil  and  military  authorities,  and 
the  German  Government  may  reinstate  up  to 
the  said  frontier  line  the  German  civil  and 
military  authorities  whom  it  has  evacuated. 
Germany  hereby  renounces  definitely  in  fa- 
vour of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  all  rights  of  sovereignty  over  the  ter- 
ritories situated  to  the  north  of  the  frontier 
line  fixed  in  accordance  with  the  above  pro- 
visions. The  Principal  Allied  and  Associ- 
ated Powers  will  hand  over  the  said  territo- 
ries to  Denmark. 

Article  111. 

A  Commission  composed  of  seven  members, 

five    of    whom    shall   be     nominated    by     the 

Principal    Allied    and    Associated   Powers,    one 

jy  Denmark,    and  one  by   Germany,   shall  be 

constituted  within  fifteen  days  f^om  the  date 

when   the  final  result  of   the  vote  is  known, 

,o  trace  the  frontier  line   on  the  epot. 

The   decisions    of    the    Commission   will   b« 

aken   by    a   majority   of   votes   and  shall  \M 

winding  on  the  parties  concerned. 

Article  lit. 

All  the  inhabitants  of  the  territory  -which  la 
returned  to  Denmark  will  acquire  Danish  na- 
tionality ipso  facto,  and  will  lose  their  Ger- 
man nationality. 

Persons,  however,  who  had  become  habitu- 
ally resident  in  this  territory  after  October  1. 
.918.  will  not  be  able  to  acquire  Danish  na- 
lonality  without  permission  from  the  Danith 
Government. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


671 


Article    113. 
Within   two  years  from  the   date   on  which 
the  sovereignty  over  the  whole  or  part  of  the 
territory  of   Schleswig  subjected  to  the  plebi- 
scite is  restored  to  Denmark: 

Any  person  over  18  years  of  age,  born  in 
the  territory  restored  to  Denmark,  not  habitu- 
ally resident  in  this  region,  and  possessing 
German  nationality,  will  be  entitled  to  opt  for 
Denmark ; 

Any  person  over  18  years  of  age  habitually 
resident  in  the  territory  restored  to  Denmark 
Will  be  entitled  to  opt  for  Germany. 

Option  by  a  husband  -will  cover  his  wife 
and  option  by  parents  will  cover  their  chil 
dren  less  than  38  years  of  age. 

Persons  who  have  exercised  the  above  right 
to  opt  must  within  the  ensuing  twelve  months 
transfer  their  place  of  residence  to  the  State 
in  favour  of  which  they  have  opted. 

They  will  be  entitled  to  retain  the  immov- 
able property  winch  they  own  in  the  territory 
of  the  other  State  in  which  they  were  habitu- 
ally resident  before  opting.  They  may  carry 
with  them  their  movable  property  of  every 
description.  No  export  or  import  duties  may 
be  imposed  upon  them  in  connection  with  the 
removal  of  such  property. 

Article  Ilk. 

The  proportion  and  nature  of  the  financial 
Or  other  obligations  of  Germany  and  Prussia 
which  are  to  be  assumed  by  Denmark  will  be 
fixed  in  accordance  with  Article  254  of  Part 
IX  (Financial  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty. 
Further  stipulations  will  determine  any 
Other  questions  arising  out  of  the  transfer  to 
Denmark  of  the  whole  or  part  of  the  terri- 
tory ^of  which  she  was  deprived  by  the 
Treaty  of  October  30.  1864. 
Section  XIII. 

i  HELIGOLAND. 

Article   115. 

The  fortifications,  milltaf?  establishments, 
and  harbours  of  the  Islands  of  Heligoland  and 
Dune  shall  be  destroyed  under  the  supervision 
of  the  Principal  Allied  Governments  by  Ger- 
man labour  and  at  the  expense  of  Germany 
within  a  period  to  be  determined  by  the  said 
Governments. 

The  term  "harbours"  shall  include  the  north- 
east mole,  the  west  wall,  the  outer  and  inner 
breakwaters  and  reclaimed  land  within  them, 
end  all  naval  and  military  works,  fortifications 
and  buildings,  constructed  or  under  construc- 
tion, between  lines  connecting  the  following 
positions  taken  from  the  British  Admiralty 
chart  No.  126  of  April  19.  1918. 

(a)  lat.  54°  10'  49"  N.:  long.  7°  53'  39"  E. 

(b)  lat.  54°  10'  35"  N.:  long.  7°  54'  18"  E. 

(c)  lat.  54°  10'  14"  N.:  long.  7°  54'  00"  E. 
<d)   lat.  54°  10'  17"  N.:  long.  7°  53'  37"  E. 
(e)    lat.  54°  10'  44"  N.:  long.  7°  53'  26"  E. 

These  fortifications,  military  establishments 
and  harbours  shall  not  be  reconstructed  nor 
shall  any  similar  works  be  constructed  in 
future. 

Section  XIV. 

RUSSIA  AND   RUSSIAN  STATES. 
Article    116. 

Germany  acknowledges  and  agrees  to  respect 
as  permanent  and  inalienable  the  independence 
of  all  the  territories  which  were  part  of  the 
former  Russian  Empire  on  August  1.  1914. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Article 
259  of  Part  IX  (Financial  Clauses)  and  Arti- 
cle 292  of  Part  X  (Economic  Clauses)  Ger- 
many accepts  definitely  the  abrogation  of  the 
Breut-Litovsk  Treaties  and  of  all  other  treaties, 
conventions  and  agreements  entered  into  by 
her  with  the  Maximalist  Government  in  Rus- 
sia. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  formally 
reserve  the  rights  of  Russia  to  obtain  from 
Germany  restitution  and  reparation  based  on 
the  principles  of  the  present  Treaty. 


Article    117. 

Germany  undertakes  to  recognise  the  full 
force  of  all  treaties  or  agreements  which  may 
be  entered  into  by  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  with  States  now  existing  or  coming 
into  existence  in  future  in  the  whole  or  part 
of  the  former  Empire  of  Russia  as  it  existed 
on  August  1.  1914.  and  to  recognise  the  fron- 
tiers of  any  such  States  as  determined  therein. 

Part  IV. 

GERMAN    EIGHTS    AND    INTERESTS   OUT- 
SIDE GERMANY. 
Article  118. 

In  territory  outside  her  European  frontier* 
as  fixed  by  the  present  Treaty,  Germaey  re- 
nounces all  rights,  titles  and  privileges  what- 
ever in  or  over  territory  which  belonged  to 
her  or  to  her  allies,  and  all  rights,  titles  and 
privileges  whatever  their  origin  which  she 
held  as  against  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers. 

Germany  hereby  undertakes  to  recognise  and 
to  conform  to  the  measures  which  may  be 
taken  now  or  in  the  future  by  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  in  agreement 
where  necessary  with  third  Powers,  in  order 
to  carry  the  above  stipulation  into  effect. 

In  particular  Germany  declares  her  accept- 
ance of  the  following  Articles  relating  to  cer- 
tain special  subjects. 

Section  1. 
GERMAN  COLONIES. 

Article  119. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  tile  Prin- 
cipal Allied  and  Associated  Powers  all  her 
rights  and  titles  over  her  oversea  possessions. 

Article  119. 

All  movable  and  immovable  property  in  BUch 
territories  belonging  to  the  German  Empire 
or  to  any  German  State  shall  pass  to  the  Gov- 
ernment exercising  authority  over  such  ter- 
ritories, on  the  terms  laid  down  in  Article 
257  of  part  IX  (Financial  Clauses)  of  the 
present  Treaty.  The  decision  of  the  local 
courts  in  any  dispute  as  to  the  nature  ol 
such  property  shall  be  final. 

Article  121. 

The  provisions  of  Sections  I  and  IV  of  Part 
X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty 
shall  apply  in  the  case  of  these  territories 
whatever  be  the  form  of  Government  adopted 
for  them. 

Article  182. 

The  Government  exercising  authority  over 
such  territories  may  make  such  provision»  ag 
it  thinks  fit  with  reference  to  the  repatriation 
from  them  of  German  nationals  and  to  the 
conditions  upon  which  German  subjects  of 
European  origin  shall,  or  shall  not,  be  al- 
lowed to  reside,  hold  property,  trade  or  exer- 
cise a  profession  in  them. 
Article  12S. 

The  provisions  of  Article  260  of  Part  EC 
(Financial  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty 
shall  apply  in  the  case  of  all  agreement* 
concluded  with  German  nationals  for  the  con- 
struction or  exploitation  of  public  works  in 
:he  German  oversea  possessions,  as  well  a* 
any  sub-concessions  or  contracts  resulting 
therefrom  which  may  have  been  made  to  or 
with  such  nationals. 

Article  IB}. 

Germany  hereby  undertakes  to  Pay,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  estimate  to  be  presented 
by  the  French  Government  and  apprpved  by 
he  Reparation  Commission,  reparation  for 
damage  suffered  by  French  nationals  in  the 
Jameroons  or  the  frontier  zone  by  reason  of 
the  acts  of  the  German  civil  and  military 
authorities  and  of  German  private  individuals 
during  the  period  from  January  1.  1900,  to 
August  1.  1914. 


572 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Article  125. 

Germany  renounces  all  rights  under  the  Con- 
ventions and  Agreements  with  France  of  No- 
vember 4.  1911,  and  September  28.  1912.  re- 
lating- to  Equatorial  Africa.  She  undertakes 
to  pay  to  the  French  Government,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  estimate  to  be  presented  by 
that  Government  and  approved  by  the  Repara- 
tion Commission,  all  the  deposits,  credits,  ad- 
vances, etc..  effected  by  virtue  of  these  in- 
struments in  favour  of  Germany. 

Article  126. 

Germany  undertakes  to  accept  and  observe 
the  agreements  made  or  to  be  made  by  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  or  some  of  them 
with  any  other  Power  with  regard  to  the 
trade  in  arms  and  spirits,  and  to  the  matters 
dealt  with  in  the  General  Act  of  Berlin  of 
February  26,  1885.  the  General  Act  of  Brus- 
sels of  July  3.  1890.  and  the  conventions  com- 
Dieting1  or  modifying-  the  same. 
Article  127. 

The  native  inhabitants  of  the  former  Ger- 
man oversea  possessions  shall  be  entitled  to 
the  diplomatic  protection  of  the  Government 
exercising1  authority  over  those  territories. 

Section  II. 

CHINA. 
Article  128. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  China  all 
benefits  and  privileges  resulting  from  the  pro- 
visions of  the  final  Protocol  signed  at  Peking 
on  September  7.  1901.  and  from  all  annexes, 
notes  and  documents  supplementary  thereto. 
She  likewise  renounces  in  favour  of  China 
any  claim  to  indemnities  accruing-  thereunder 
subsequent  to  March  14.  1917. 

Article  129. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  High  Contracting  Parties  shall  ap- 
ply, in  so  far  as  concerns  them  respectively: 

(1)  The   Arrangement    of   August   29.    1902. 
regarding  the  new  Chinese  customs  tariff; 

(2)  The    Arrangement      of       September    27. 
1905,     regarding     Whang--Poo.     and     the     pro- 
visional   supplementary   Arrangement   otf   April 
4.    1912. 

China,  however,  will  no  longer  be  bound  to 
grrant  to  Germany  the  advantages  or  privileges 
which  she  allowed  Germany  under  these  Ar- 
rangements. 

Article  ISO. 

'  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  Section  Vin  ol 
this  Part.  Germany  cedes  to  China  all  the  build- 
ings, wharves  and  pontoons,  barracks,  forts, 
arms  and  munitions  of  war,  vessels  of  all 
kinds,  wireless  telegraphy  installations  and 
other  public  property  belonging  to  the  German 
Government,  which  are  situated  or  may  be  in 
the  German  Concessions  at  Tientsin  and  Han- 
kow or  elsewhere  in  Chinese  'territory. 

It  is  understood,  however,  that  premises 
nsed  as  diplomatic  or  consular  residences  or 
offices  are  not  included  in  the  above  cession, 
and.  furthermore,  that  no  steps  shall  be  taken 
by  the  Chinese  Government  to  dispose  of  the 
German  public  and  private  property  situated 
within  the  so-called  Legation  Quarter  at  Pe- 
king without  the  consent  of  the  Diplomatic 
JfcCepresentatives  of  the  Powers  which,  on  the 
coming-  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  re- 
main Parties  to  the  Final  Protocol  of  Sep- 
tember 7.  1901. 

Article  131. 

Germany  undertakes  to  restore  to  China 
within  twelve  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  all  the  astronomi- 
cal instruments  which  her  troops  in  1900-1901 
carried  aw.ay  from  China,  and  to  defray  all 
expenses  which  may  be  incurred  in  effecting 
such  restoration,  including  the  expenses  of 
dismounting,  packing,  transporting,  insurance 
and  installation  in  Peking. 


Article  132. 

Germany  agrees  to  the  abrogation  of  the 
leases  from  the  Chinese  Government  under 
which  the  German  Concessions  at  Hankow  and 
Tientsin  are  now  held. 

China,  restored  to  the  full  exercise  of  her 
sovereign  rights  in  the  above  areas,  declares 
her  intention  of  opening  them  to  international 
residence  and  trade.  She  further  declares  that 
the  abrogation  of  the  leases  under  which 
these  concessions  are  now  held  shall  not  affect 
the  property  rights  of  nationals  of  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  who  are  holders  of  lots  in 
these  concessions. 

Article  IS 3. 

Germany  waives  all  claims  against  the 
Chinese  Government  or  against  any  Allied  or 
Associated  Government  arising  out  of  the  in- 
ternment of  German  nationals  in  China  and 
their  repatriation.  She  equally  renounces  all 
claims  arising  out  of  th.3  capture  and  con- 
demnation of  German  ships  in  China,  or  the 
liquidation,  sequestration  or  control  of  Ger- 
man properties,  rights  a.nd  interests  in  that 
country  since  August  14.  1917.  This  provi- 
sion, however,  shall  not  affect  the  rights  of 
the  parties  interested  in  th^  proceeds  of  any 
such  liqindation.  which  sh^ll  be  governed  by 
the  provisions  of  Part  X  (Economic  Clauses) 
of  the  present  Treaty. 

Article  IS*. 

Germany  renounces  in  favour  of  the  Gov- 
ernment of  His  Britannic  Majesty  the  German 
State  property  in  the  British  Concession  at 
Shameen  at  Canton.  She  renounces  in  favour 
of  the  French  and  Chinese  Governments  con- 
jointly the  property  of  the  German  school 
situated  in  the  French  Concession  at  Shanghai. 
Section  III. 

SIAM. 

Article   135. 

Germany  recognises  that  all  treaties,  con- 
ventions and  agreements  between  her  and 
Siam.  and  all  rights,  title  and  privileges  de- 
rived therefrom,  including  all  rights  of  ex- 
traterritorial jurisdiction,  terminated  as  from 
July  22.  1917. 

Article  136. 

All  goods  and  property  in  Siam  belonging: 
to  the  German  Empire  or  to  any  German 
Staite,  with  the  exception  of  premises  used 
as  diplomatic  or  consular  residences  or  offices, 
pass  ipso  facto  and  without  compensation  to 
the  Siamese  Government. 

The  goods,  property  and  private  fights  of 
German  nationals  in  Siam  shall  be  dealt  with 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Part  X 
(Economic  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty. 

Article  137. 

Germany   waives    all   claims    against    the    Si- 
amese   Government    on    behalf    of    herself    or 
her  nationals  arising  out  of  the  seizure  or  con- 
demnation   of    German    ships,    the    liquidation 
of  German  property,  or  the  internment  of  Ger- 
man  nationals   in   Siam.    This   provision    shall 
not  affect  the  rights  of  the  parties  interested 
in  the  proceeds  ol  any  such  liquidation,  which 
shall   be  governed  by    the  provisions    of   Part 
X   (Economic  Clauses)    of  the  present  Treaty. 
Section  IV. 
LIBERIA. 
Article  138. 

Germany  renounces  all  rights  and  privileges 
arising  from  the  arrangements  of  1911  and 
1912  regarding  Liberia,  and  particularly  the 
right  to  nominate  a  German  Receiver  of  Cus- 
;oms  in  Liberia. 

She  further  renounces  all  claim  to  partici- 
pate in  any  measures  whatsoever  which  may 
be  adopted  for  the  rehabilitation  of  Liberia. 

Article  139. 

Germany  recognizes  that  all  treaties  and 
arrangements  between  her  and  Liberia  termi- 
nated as  from  August  4.  1917. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


673 


Article  HO. 

The  property,  rights  and  interests  of  Ger- 
mans in  Liberia  shall  be  dealt  with  in  accord- 
ance with  Part  X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the 
present  Treaty. 

Section  V. 

MOROCCO. 
Article  HI. 

Germany  renounces  all  rights,  titles  and  priv- 
ileges conferred  on  her  by  the  General  Act  of 
Algeciras  of  April  7.  1906.  and  by  the 
Franco-German  Agreements  of  February  9, 
1909,  and  November  4.  1911.  All  treaties, 
agreements,  arrangements  and  contracts  con- 
cluded by  her  with  the  Sherifian  Empire  are 
regarded  as  abrogated  as  from  August  3.  1914. 

In  np  case  can  Germany  take  advantage  of 
these  instruments  and  she  undertakes  not  to 
intervene  in  any  way  in  negotiations  relating 
to  Morocco  which  may  take  place  between 
France  and  the  other  Powers. 

Article  142. 

Germany  having  recognized  the  French  Pro- 
tectorate in  Morocco,  hereby  accepts  all  the 
consequences  of  its  establishment,  and  she  re- 
nounces the  regime  of  the  capitulations 
therein. 

This  renunciation  shall  take  effect  as  from 
August  3,  1914. 

Article  14S. 

The  Sherifian  Government  shall  have  com- 
plete liberty  of  action  in  regulating  the  status 
of  German  nationals  in  Morocco  and  the  condi- 
tions in  which  they  may  establish  themselves 
th're. 

German  protected  persons,  semsars  and  "as- 
eocies  agricoles"  shall  be  considered  as  having- 
ceased,  a-s  from  August  3,  1914.  to  enjoy  the 
privileges  attached  10  their  status  and  shall 
be  subject  to  the  ordinary  law. 

Article  144. 

All  property  and  possessions  in  the  Sherifian 
Empire  of  the  German  Empire  and  the  German 
States  pass  to  the  Maghzen  without  payment. 

For  this  purpose,  the  property  and  posses- 
sions of  the  German  Empire  and  States  shall 
be  deemed  to  include  all  the  property  of  the 
Crown,  the  Empire  or  the  States,  and  the 
private  property  of  the  former  German  Em- 
peror and  other  Royal  personages. 

All  movable  and  immovable  property  in  the 
Sherifian  Empire  belonging  to  German  nation- 
als shall  be  dealt  with  in  accordance  with 
Sections  III  and  IV  of  Pnrt  X  (Economic 
Clauses)  of  tKe  present  Treaty. 

Mining-  rights  which  may  be  recognised  as 
belonging  to  German  nationals  by  the  Court  of 
Arbitration  set  up  under  the  Moroccan  Mining 
Regulations  shall  form  the  subjpct  of  a  valua- 
tion, which  the  arbitrators  shall  be  requested 
to  make,  and  these  rights  shall  then  be  treated 
in  the  same  way  as  property  in  Morocco  be- 
longing to  German  nationals. 

Article  145. 

The  German  Government  shall  ensure  the 
transfer  to  a  person  nominated  by  the  French 
Government  of  the  shares  representing  Ger- 
many's portion  of  the  capital  of  the  State 
Bank  of  Morocco.  The  value  of  these  shares, 
as  assessed  by  the  Reparation  Commission, 
shall  be  paid  to  the  Reparation  Commission  for 
the  credit  of  Germany  on  account  of  the 
suras  due  for  reparation.  The  German  Gov- 
ernment shall  be  responsible  for  indemnifying 
its  nationals  so  dispossessed. 

This  transfer  will  take  place  without  preju- 
dice to  the  repayment  of  debts  which  German 
nationals  may  have  contracted  towards  the 
State  Bank  of  Morocco. 

Article  146. 

.  Moroccan  goods  entering  Germany  shall  en- 
joy  the  treatment  accorded  to  French  goods. 


Section1  VI. 

EGYPT. 
Article  147. 

Germany  declares  that  she  recognises  the 
Protectorate  proclaimed  over  Egypt  by  Great 
Britain  on  December  18.  1914,  and  that  she 
renounces  the  regime  of  the  Capitulations  in 
Egypt. 

This  renunciation  shall  take  effect  as  from 
August  4.  1914. 

Article  148. 

All  treaties,  agreements,  arrangements  and 
contracts  concluded  by  Germany  with  Egypt 
are  regarded  as  abrogated  as  from  August  4, 
1914. 

In  no  case  can    Germany    avail    herself    of   v 
these   instruments  and  she   undertakes   not  to 
intervene  in  any  way  in  negotiations  relating 
to    Egypt    which     may    take     place     between 
Great  Britain  and  the  other  Powers. 

Article  U9. 

Until  an  Egyptian  law  of  judicial  organiza- 
tion establishing  courts  with  universal  juris- 
diction comes  into  force,  provision  shall  be 
made,  by  means  of  decrees  issued  by  His 
Highness  the  Sultan,  for  the  exercise  of  juris- 
diction over  German  nationals  and  property 
by  the  British  Consular  Tribunals. 

Article  150. 

The  Egyptian  Government  shall  have  com- 
plete liberty  of  action  in  regulating  the  status 
of  German  nationals  and  the  conditions  un- 
der which  they  may  establish  themselves  in 
Egypt. 

Article  151. 

Germany  consents  to  the  abrogation  of  the 
decree  issued  by  His  Highness  the  Khedive  on 
November  '28,  1904,  relating  to  the  Commis- 
sion of  the  Egyptian  Public  Debt,  or  to  such 
changes  as  the  Egyptian  Government  may 
think  it  desirable  to  make  therein. 

Article  152. 

Germany  consents,  in  so  far  as  she  is  con- 
cerned, to  the  transfer  to  His  Britannic  Maj- 
esty's Government  of  the  powers  conferred 
on  His  Imperial  Majesty  the  Sultan  by  the 
Convention  signed  at  Constantinople  on  Oc- 
tober 29.  1888.  relating  to  the  free  navigation 
of  the  Suez  Canal. 

She  renounces  all  participation  in  the  San- 
itary. Maritime,  and  Quarantine  Board  of 
Egypt  and  consents,  in  so  far  as  she  is  con- 
cerned, to  the  transfer  to  the  Egyptian  Au- 
thorities of  the  powers  of  that  Board. 
Article  159. 

All  property  and  possessions  in  Egypt  of 
the  German  Empire  and  the  German  States 
pass  to  the  Egyptian  Government  without  pay- 
ment. 

For  this  purpose,  the  property  and  posses- 
sions of  the  German  Empire  and  States  shall 
be  deemed  to  include  all  the  property  of  the 
Crown,  the  Empire  or  the  States,  and  the 
private  property  of  the  former  German  Em- 
peror and  other  Royal  personages. 

All  movable  and  immovable  property  in 
Egypt  belonging  to  German  nationals  shall  be 
dealt  with  in  accordance  with  Sections  III  and 
IV  of  Part  X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the 
present  Treaty. 

Article  154. 

Egyptian  goods  entering  Germany  shall  en- 
joy the  treatment  accorded  to  British  goods. 

Section  VII. 
TURKEY  AND   BULGARIA. 

Article  155. 

Germany  undertakes  to  recognise  and  accept 
all  arrangements  which  the  Allied  and  As- 
sociated Powers  may  make  with  Turkey  and 
Bulgaria  with  reference  to  any  rights,  inter- 
ests and  privileges  whatever  which  might 
be  claimed  by  Orermany  or  her  nationals  in 


574 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Turkey  and  Bulgaria  and  which  are  not  dealt 

with  in  the  provisions  of  the  present  Treaty. 

Section  VIII. 

SHANTUNG. 

Article  156. 

Germany  renounces,  in  favour  of  Japan,  all 
her  rights,  title  and  privileges—  particularly 
those  concerning1  the  territory  of  Kiaochow, 
railways,  mines  and  submarine  cables  —  which 
she  acquired  in  virtue  of  the  Treaty  concluded 
bv  her  with  China  on  March  6.  1898.  and  of 
all  other  arrangements  relative  to  the  Province 
of  Shantung. 

All  German  rights  in  the  Tsingtao-Tsinanfu 
Railway,  including  its  branch  lines,  together 
with  its  subsidiary  property  of  all  kinds,  sta- 
tions. shops,  fixed  and  rolling-  stock,  mines, 
riant  and  material  for  the  exploitation  of  the 
mines.  yre  and  remain  acquired  by  Japan,  to- 
gether with  all  rights  and  privileges  attaching 
thereto. 

The  German  State  submarine  cables  from 
Tsingtao  tp  Shanghai  and  from  Tsingtao  to 
Chefoo,  with  all  the  rights,  privileges  and 
properties  attaching  thereto,  are  similarly  ac- 
quired by  Japan,  free  and  clear  of  alV  charges 
and  incumbrances. 

Article  157. 

The  movable  and  immovable  property  owned 
by  the  German  State  in  the  territory  of  Kiao- 
chow. as  well  as  all  the  rights  which  Ger- 
many might  claim  in  consequence  .of  the 
works  or  improvements  made  or  of  the  ex- 
penses incurred  by  her.  directly  or  indirectly. 
in  connection  with  this  territory,  are  and  re- 
main acquired  by  Japan,  free  and  clear  of 
all  charges  and  incumbrances. 
Article  158. 

Germany  shall  hand  over  to  Japan  within 
three  months  from  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty  the  archives,  registers. 
plans,  title-deeds  and  documents  of  every  kind. 
wherever  they  may  be.  relating  to  the  admin- 
istration. whether  civil,  military,  financial,  ju- 
dicial or  other,  of  the  territory  of  Kiaochow. 

Within  the  same  period  Germany  shall  give 
particulars  to  Japan  of  all  treaties,  arrange- 
ments or  agreements  relating  to  the  rights. 
title  or  privileges  referred  to  in  the  two  pre- 
ceding  articles. 


MILITARY.  NAVAL  AND  AIR  CLAUSES. 
In  order  tp  render  possible  the  initiation  of  a 
general  limitation  of  the  armaments  of  all 
nations  Germany  undertakes  strictly  to  ob- 
serve the  military,  naval  and  air  clauses  which 
follow. 

Section  I. 
MILITARY  CLAUSES. 

Chapter  I. 
Effectives  and  Cadres  of  the  German  Army. 

Article  159. 

The  German  military  forces  shall  be  demo- 
bilized and  reduced   as  prescribed  hereinafter. 
Article  160. 

(1)  By    a    date    which    must    not    be    later 
than  March  31.  1920.  the  German  Army  must 
not  comprise  more  than  seven  divisions  of  in- 
fantry and  three  divisions   of  cavalry. 

After  that  date  the  total  number  of  effec- 
tives in  the  Army  of  the  States  constituting 
Germany  must  not  exceed  one  hundred  thousand 
men.  including  officers  and  establishments  of 
depots.  The  Army  shall  be  devoted  exclusive- 
ly to  the  maintenance  of  order  within  the  ter- 
ritory and  to  the  control  of  the  frontiers. 

The  total  effective  strength  of  officers,  in- 
cluding the  personnel  of  staffs,  whatever 
their  composition,  must  not  exceed  four  thou- 
sand. 

(2)  Divisions  and  Army  Corps  headquarters 
starts    shall    be    organised   in    accordance    with 
Table  No.   I   annexed  at  this   Section. 


.  The    number    and    strength    of    the   units    of 
infantry,    artillery,    engineers,    technical    serv- 
ices and  troops  laid  down  in  the  aforelaid  T!- 
c,on,stitute    maxima    which    must    not    be 

6XC66QCCI. 

The  following  units  may  each  have  their 
own  depot : 

An    Infantry   regiment: 

A  Cavalry  regiment: 

A  regiment  of  Field  Artillery; 

A  battalion  of  Pioneers. 

(3)  The  divisions  must  not  be  grouped  un- 
der more  than  two  army  corps  headquarters 

The  maintenance  or  formation  of  forces  dif- 
ferently grouped  or  of  other  organisations  for 
the  command  of  troops  or  for  preparation  for 
war  is  forbidden. 

.The  Great  German  General  Staff  and  all 
similar  organisations  shall  be  dissolved  and 
may  not  be  reconstituted  in  any  form. 

Ihe  officers,  or  persons  in  the  position  of 
officers,  in  the  Ministries  of  War  in  the  differ- 
ent States  in  Germany  and  in  the  Administra- 
tions attached  to  them,  must  not  exceed  three 
hundred  in  number  and  are  included  in  the 
maximum  strength  of  four  thousand  laid  down 
in  the  third  sub-paragraph  of  paragraph  (1) 
of  this  Article. 

Article  161. 

Army  administrative  service  consisting  of 
civilian  personnel  not  included  in  the  number 
of  effectives  prescribed  by  the  present  Treaty 
will  have  such  personnel  reduced  in  each 

gass   to   one-tenth   of   that   laid  down  in   the 
udget  of  1913. 

Article  162. 

^The,  number  of  employees  or  officials  of 
the  German  States,  such  as  customs  officers, 
forest  guards  and  coastguards,  shall  not  ex- 
ceed that  of  the  employees  or  officials  func- 
tioning in  these  capacities  in  1913. 

The  number  of  gendarmes -and  employees  or 
officials  of  the  local  or  municipal  police  may 
only  be  increased  to  an  extent  corresponding 
tp  the  increase  of  population  since  1913  in  the 
districts  or  municipalities  in  which  they  are 
employed. 

These  employees  and  officials  may  not  be  as- 
sembled for  military  training. 

Article  16S. 

The  reduction  of  the  strength  of  the  Ger- 
man military  forces  as  provided  for  in  Arti- 
cle 160  may  be  effected  gradually  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner: 

Within  three  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  the  total  number 
of  effectives  must  be  reduced  to  200.000  and 
the  number  of  units  must  not  exceed  twice 
the  number  of  those  laid  down  in  Article  160. 

At  the  expiration  of  this  period,  and  at  the 
end  of  each  subsequent  period  of  three 
months,  a  Conference  of  military  experts  of 
the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
will  fix  the  reductions  to  be  made  in  the  en- 
suing three  months,  so  that  by  March  31. 
1920.  at  the  latest  the  total  number  of  Ger- 
man  effectives  does  not  exceed  the  maximum 
number  of  100.000  men  laid  down  in  Article 
160.  In  these  successive  reductions  the  same 
ratio  between  the  number  of  officers  and  of 
men.  and  between  the  various  kinds  of  units, 
shall  be  maintained  as  is  laid  down  in  that 
Article. 

Chapter  II. 

Armament,  Munitions  and  Material. 
Article  161,. 

Up  till  the  time  at  which  Germany  is  ad- 
mitted as  a  member  of  the  League  of  Nations 
the  German  Army  must  not  possess  an  arma- 
ment greater  than  the  amounts  fixed  in  Table 
No.  II  annexed  to  this  Section,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  an  optional  incense  not  exceeding1 
one-twenty-fifth  part  for  small  arms  and  one- 
fiftieth  part  for  guns,  which  shall  be  exclU' 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


675 


sively  used  to  provide  for  such  eventual  re- 
placements as  may  be  necesary. 

Germany  agrees  that  after  she  has  become 
a  member  of  the  League  of  Nations  the  arma- 
ments fixed  in  the  said  Table  shall  remain  in 
force  until  they  are  modified  by  the  Council 
of  the  Leagrue.  Furthermore  she  hereby  agrees 
strictly  to  observe  the  decisions  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  the  League  on  this  subject. 
Article  165. 

The  maximum  number  of  guns,  machine 
guns,  trench-mortars,  rifles  and  the  amount  of 
ammunition  and  equipment  which  Germany  is 
allowed  to  maintain  during  the  period  between 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty 
and  the  date  of  March  31,  1920,  referred  to 
in  Article  160,  shall  bear  the  same  propor- 
tion to  the  amount  authorized  in  Table  No. 
Ill  annexed  to  this  Section  as  'the  strength 
of  the  German  Army  as  reduced  from  time 
to  time  in  accordance  with  Article  163  bears 
to  the  strength  permitted  under  Article  160. 

Article  166. 

At  the  date  of  March  31,  1920.  the  stock 
of  munitions  which  the  German  Army  may 
have  at  its  disposal  shall  not  exceed  the 
amounts  fixed  in  Table  No.  Ill  annexed  to  this 
Section. 

Withip  the  same  period  the  German  Govern- 
ment will  store  these  stocks  at  points  to  be 
notified  to  the  Governments  of  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers.  The  German 
Government  is  forbidden  to  establish  any  other 
stocks,  deposits  or  reserves  of  munitions. 

Article  167. 

The  r.umber  and  calibre  of  the  guns  consti- 
tuting at  the  date  of  the  coming-  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty  the  armament  of  the  forti- 
fied works,  fortresses,  and  any  land  or  coast 
forts  which  Germany  is  allowed  to  retain  must 
be  notified  immediately  by  the  German  Gov- 
emment  to  the  Governments  of  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  and  will  consti- 
tute maximum  amounts  which  may  not  be 
exceeded 

Within  two  months  from  the  coming1  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the  maximum 
stock  of  ammunition  for  these  guns  will  be  re- 
duced to,  and  maintained  at.  the  following 
uniform  rates :— fifteen  hundred  rounds  per 
piece  for  those  the  calibre  of  which  is  10.5 
cm.  and  under:  five  hundred  rounds  per  piece 
for  those  of  higher  calibre. 
Article  168. 

The  manufacture  of  arms,  munitions,  or  any 
war  material,  shall  only  be  carried  out  in 
factories  or  works  the  location  of  which  shall 
be  communicated  to  and  approved  by  the  Gov- 
ernments of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associat- 
ed Powers,  and  the  number  of  which  they 
retain  the  right  to  restrict. 

Within  three  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty,  all  other  estab- 
lishments for  the  manufacture,  preparation, 
storage  or  design  of  arms,  munitions,  or  any 
war  material  whatever  shall  be  closed  down. 
The  sf.me  applies  to  all  arsenals  except  those 
used  as  depots  for  the  authorised  stocks  of 
munitions.  Within  the  same  period  the  per- 
sonnel oi  these  arsenals  will  be  dismissed. 

Article  169. 

Within  two  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  German  arms,  mu- 
nitions and  war  material,  including-  anti-air- 
craft material,  existing  in  Germany  in  excess 
of  the  quantities  allowed  must  be  surr^nderpd 
to  the  Governments  of  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  to  be  destroyed  or  rendered 
useless.  This  will  also  apply  to  any  special 
plant  intended  for  the  manufacture  of  mili- 
tary material  except  such  as  may  be  recog- 
nised as  necessary  for  equipping  the  authorised 
strength  of  the  German  ?miy. 

The  surrender  in  question  will  be  effected 
at  such  points  in  German  territory  as  may 
be  selected  by  the  said  Governments. 


r  thei  same,  Period  arms,  munitions  and 

war  mr.terial.  including  antiaircraft  material 
of  origin  other  than  German,  in  whatever  state 
they  may  be  will  be  delivered  to  the  said  Gov- 
ernments. who  will  decide  as  to  their  disposal 

Arms  and  munitions  which  on  account  of 
the  successive  reductions  in  the  strength  of 
the  German  army  become  in  excess  of  the 
amounts  authorised  by  Tabled  II  and  III  an° 
nexed  to  this  Section  must  be  handed  over  in 
manner  laid  down  above  within  such 

by  the 


Article   170. 
Importation    into     Germany    of    arms     mu- 

of  eveiy  ***  shai1 


The   same   applies    to    the   manufacture  for/ 
and  export  to.  foreign  countries  of  arma.  mu- 
nitions and  war  material  of  every  kind 
Article  171. 

The  use  of  asphyxiating,  poisonous  or  other 
gases  and  all  analogous  liquids,  materials  or 
devices  being  prohibited,  their  manufacture. 
and  importation  are  strictly  forbidden  in  Ger- 
many. 

*  T£*,  same  applies  to  materials  specially  in- 
tended for  the  manufacture,  storage  and  use 
of  the  said  products  or  devices. 

The  manufacture  and  the  importation  into 
Germany  of  armoured  cars,  tanks  and  all  simi- 
lar constructions  suitable  for  use  in  war  ar« 
also  prohibited. 

Article  172. 

Within  a  period  of  three  months  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the 
G-rman  Government  will  disclose  to  the  Gov- 
ernments of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers  the  nature  and  mode  of  manu- 
facture of  all  explosives,  toxic  substances  or 
other  like  chemical  preparations  used  by  them 
in  the  war  or  prepared  by  them  for  the  pur- 
pose of  being-  so  used. 

Chapter  III. 

Recruiting   and   Military    Training. 
Article   17S. 

Universal  compulsory  military  service  shall 
be  abolished  in  Germany. 

The  German  Army  may  only  be  constituted 
and  recruited  by  means  of  voluntary  enlist- 
ment. 

Article  174. 

The  period  of  enlistment  for  non-commis- 
sioned officer?  and  privates  must  be  twelve 
consecutive  years. 

The  number  of  men  discharged  for  any  rea- 
son before  the  expiration  of  their  term  of  en- 
listment must  not  exceed  in  any  year  5  per 
cent,  of  the  total  effectives  fixed  by  the  second 
sub-paragraph  of  paragraph  (1)  of  Article 
160  of  the  present  Treaty 

Article   175. 

The  officers  who  are  retained  in  the  Armv 
must  undertake  the  obligation  to  serve  in  it 
UP  to  the  a?,1  of  forty-five  years  at  least. 

Officers  newly  appointed  must  undertake  to 
serve  on  the  active  list  for  twenty-five  con- 
secutive  years  at  least. 

Officers  who  have  previously  belonged  to  anr 
formations  whatever  of  the  Army,  and  who 
are  not  retained  in  the  units  allowed  to  be 
maintained,  must  not  take  part  in  any  mili- 
tary exercise  whether  theoretical  or  practical 
and  will  not  be  under  any  military  obliea- 
tions  whatever. 

The  number  of  officers  discharged  for  any 
reason  before  the  expiration  of  their  term  of 
service  must  not  exceed  in  any  yepr  five  per 
C^*A  2f  *^e  *total  effectives  of  officers  pro- 
ArrV°irftnn  lhev  third  sub-paragraph  (1)  of 
Article  160  of  the  prpspnt  Treaty. 

Article    176 

On  the  expiration  of  two  months  from  th« 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  there 


676 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


must  only  exist  in  Germany  the  number  of 
military  schools  which  is  absolutely  indispen- 
sable for  the  recruitment  of  the  officers  of  the 
units  allowed.  These  schools  will  be  exclu- 
sively intended  for  the  recruitment  of  officers 
of  each  arm.  in  the  proportion  of  one  school 
per  arm. 

The  number  of  students  admitted  to  attend 
the  courses  of  the  said  schools  will  be  strictly 
in  proportion  to  the  vacancies  to  be  filled  in 
the  cadres  of  officers.  The  students  and  the 
cadres  will  be  reckoned  in  the  effectives  fixed 
by  the  second  and  third  sub-paragraphs  of  par- 
agraph (1)  of  Article  160  of  the  present 
Treaty. 

Consequently,  and  during-  the  period  fixed 
above,  all  military  academies  or  similar  insti- 
tutions in  Germany,  as  well  as  the  different 
military  schools  for  officers,  student  officers 
(Aspiranten),  cadets,  non-commissioned  offi- 
cers or  student  non-commissioned  officers 
(Aspiranten),  other  thnn  the  schools  above 
provided  for.  will  be  abolished. 

Article   177. 

Educational  establishments,  the  -universities, 
societies  of  discharged  soldiers,  shooting-  or 
touring-  clubs  and.  generally  speaking,  associa- 
tions of  every  description,  whatever  be  the 
age  of  their  members,  must  not  occupy  them- 
selves with  any  military  matters. 

In  particular  they  will  be  forbidden  to  in- 
struct or  exercise  their  members,  or  to  allow 
them  to  be  instructed  or  exercised,  in  the  pro- 
fession, or  use  of  arms. 

These  societies,  associations,  educational  es- 
tablishments and  universities  must  have  no 
connection  with  the  Ministries  of  War  or  any 
other  military  authority. 

Article  178. 

All  measures  of  mobilisation  or  appertain- 
ing- to  mobilisation  are  forbidden. 

In  no  case  must  formations,  administrative 
services  or  General  Staffs  include  supplemen- 
tary cadres. 

Article  179. 

Germany  agrees,  from  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  Treaty,  not  to  accredit  nor  to 
send  to  any  foreign  country  any  military, 
naval  or  air  mission,  nor  to  allow  any  such 
mission  to  leave  her  territory,  and  Germany 
further  agrees  to  take  appropriate  measures 
to  prevent  German  nationals  from  leaving  hei 
territory  to  become  enrolled  in  the  Army, 
Navy  or  Air  Service  of  any  foreign  Power, 
or  to  be  attached  to  such  Army.  Navy  or 
Air  service  for  the  purpose  of  assisting-  in 
the  military,  naval  or  air  training  thereof,  or 
otherwiso  for  the  purpose  of  giving  military, 
naval  or  air  instruction  in  any  foreign  coun- 
try. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  agree,  so 
far  as  they  are  concerned,  from  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  not  to  en- 
rol in  nor  to  attach  to  their  armies  or 
naval  or  air  forces  any  German  national 
for  the  purpose  of  assisting  in  the  military 
training  of  such  armies  or  naval  or  air  forces, 
or  otherwise  to  employ  any  such  German 
nation3l  as  military,  naval  or  aeronautic  in- 
structor. 

The    present    provision   does    not.    however. 

affect   the   right   of   France   to  recruit  for  the 

Foreign    Legion    in     ?ceo*-dpnce    with    French 

military    laws   and    reg-ulations. 

Chapter    IV. 

Fortifications. 

Article    180. 

All  fortified  works,  fortresses  and  field  works 
situated  in  German  territory  to  the  west  of 
a  line  drawn  fiity  kilometres  to  the  east  of 
the  Rhine  shall  be  disarmed  and  dismantled. 

Within  a  period  of  two  months  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  such 
of  the  above  fortified  works,  fortresses  and 
field  works  as  are  situated  in  territory  not 


ig^^jsteunettsatt 

four  months  they  shall  be  dismanti^     Those 


Table  No.  I. 

State     and     Establishment    of     Armii     /*/„.„, 
Headquarters    Staffs    andoflffantn** 
and   Cavalry  Division.  injanlry 

I.-Army    Corps    Headquarters   Staffs. 
Maxi-          Maximum 
mm  strengths 


Army 
ters   Sta 


Total   for   Headquar- 
ters  Staffs 


30 


1'50 


...........  60  300 

II.—  Establishment    of    an    Infantry    Division 
Maximum        Maximum 
No  of  such         strengths 

e  ~~°f  Cach  unit~ 
Ofl5oers- 


sional  infantry   . 

Headquarters     of     divi- 
sional artillery   

Regiment  of  infantry.  ! 
(Each  regiment  com- 
prises 3  battalions 
of  infantry  Each 
battalion  comprises 
3  companies  of  in- 
fantry and  1  ma- 
chine gun  com- 
pany.) 

Trench  mortar  company 

Divisional    squadron.  . . 

Field  artillery  regiment 
(Each  regiment  com- 
prises 3  groups  of 
artillery.  Each 
group  comprises  3 
batteries.) 

Pioneer  battalion 

(This  battalion  com- 
prises 2  companies 
of  pioneers.  1  pon- 
toon detachment. 
1  searchlight  sec- 
tion.) 

Signal    detachment 

(This  detachment 
comprises  1  tele- 
phone detachment, 
1  listening  section. 
1  carrier  pigeon 
section.) 

Divisional   medical   serv- 
ice    

Parks    and    convoys 


70 
V 


,~ 


, 

2  Son 
3.300 


4  i.f° 


'18 

00 


Total     for     infantry 
division 


409 


12     300 


20     400 

14     800 

410   10.83f 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920, 


577 


III.— Establishment     of    a     Cavalry     Division. 
Maximum         Maximum 
No.  of  such         strengths 

units  in    — of  each  unit — 
„  .,            '    a  single  N.  C.  O.'s 
Unit.             division.  Officers,  and  men 
Headquarters   of    a   cav- 
alry  division    1              15  50 

Cavalry    regiment 6  40  800 

(Each  regiment  com- 
prises 4  squadrons.) 
Horse      artillery      group 

(3    batteries) 1  20  400 


Total      for 
division    . 


cavalry 


275         5.250 


man  Navy,  including-  the  manning-  of  the  fleet, 
coast  defences,  signal  stations,  administration 
and  other  land  services,  must  not  exceed  fif- 
teen thousand,  including  officers  and  men  of 
all  grades  and  corps. 

The  total  strength  of  officers  and  warrant 
officers  must  not  exceed  fifteen  hundred. 

Within  two  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  the  personnel  in 
excess  of  the  above  strength  shall  be  demo- 
bilized. 

No  naval  or  military  corps  or  reserve  force 
in  connection  with  the  Navy  may  be  organ- 
ized in  Germany  without  being  included  in 
the  above  strength. 


infantry     Cavalry 
divisions,    division. 


Table  No.  II. 

Tabular   Statement   of  Armament   Establishment  for 

Three  Cavalry  Divisions  and   Two  Army 

Inf  an-        For  7 

try  di- 

Material.  vision. 

Rifles 12.000 

Carbines 

Heavy  machine  guns ]08  756 

Light  machine  guns 162  1,134 

Medium  trench  mortars. .,            9  63 

Light  trench  mortars ...  .           27  189 

7.7-cm.  guns 24  168 

10.5-cm.  howitzers.  ..                   12  84 


a  Maximum  of  Seven  Infantry  Division*, 
Corps  Headquarters  Staffs. 


(2) 
84,000 


(3) 


6,000 
12 


For  3 
cavalry 
divisions. 
(4) 

i8,6bo 


30 


Two  army  corps 
headquarteis 
staffs.  ! 

(5) 

This  establishment 
must  be  drawn 
from  the  in- 
creased arma- 
ments of  the  di- 
visional infantry. 


Total  of 
columns 


84.000 

18.000 

793 

1,134 


204 

84 


Table  No.  III. 
Maximum    Stocks    Authorised. 

Max'mum  Estab- 

number      lish-  Maxi- 

of  arms     ment.  mum, 

author-  per  unit.  totals. 

Material.  ised.      Rounds.  Rounds 


Artr. 
40° 


Rifles     .............  84.000? 

Carbines    .........  18.000  $ 

Heavy  machine  guns     79'2  > 
Light  machine  guns   1.134  5 
Medium     t  r  e  r  c  h 
mortars    ........          63 

Light    trench    mor- 

tars   .............       189 

Field  artillery: 

7.7-cm.    guns...       204       '1,000 
10.5-cm, 
howitzers     .  .          84 


400 
800 


800 


25.200 
151.200 
204,000 

67.200 


Section  II. 
NAVAL  CLAUSES. 

Article   181. 

After  the  expiration  of  a  period  of  two 
months  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty  the  German  naval  forces  in 
commission  must  not  exceed: 

6  battleships  of   the  Deutschland   or  Loth- 
ilngen   type. 

6  light   cruisers, 
12  destroyers. 
12  torpedo   boats. 

or   an   eaual   number   of   ships  constructed   to 
replace   them    as    provided   in   Article    190. 
No    submarines    are    to   be   included. 
All    other    warships,    except    where    there    is 
provision    to    the    contrary      in      the      present 
Treaty,   must  be  placed  in  reserve  or  devoted 
to  commercial   purposes. 

Article    182. 

Until  the  completion  of  the  minesweeping 
prescribed  by  Article  193  Germany  will  keep 
in  commission  such  number  of  minesweeping 
vessels  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Governments 
of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers. 

Article    18  S. 

After  the  expiration  of  a  period  of  two 
months  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty  the  total  personnel  of  the  <jrer-  , 


Article   18  4. 

From  the  date  of  the  coming  Into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty  all  the  German  surface 
warships  which  are  not  in  German  ports  cease 
to  belong  to  Germany,  who  renounces  all 
rights  over  them. 

Vessels  which,  in  compliance  with  the  Ar- 
mistice of  November  11,  1918.  are  now  in- 
terned in  the  ports  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  are  declared  to  be  finally  surrendered. 
Vessels  which  are  now  interned  in  neutral 
ports  will  be  there  surrendered  to  the  Gov- 
ernments of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers.  The  German  Government  musi 
address  a  notification  to  that  effect  to  the 
neutral  Powers  on  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty. 

Article  185. 

Within  a  period  of  two  months  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  tne 
German  surface  warships  enumerated  below 
will  be  surrendered  to  the  Governments  of  the 
Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in 
such  Allied  ports  as  the  said  Powers  may. 
direct. 

These  warships  will  have  been  disarmed  aa 
provided  in  Article  XXIII  of  the  Armistice  of 
November  11.  1918.  Nevertheless,  they  musj 
have  all  their  guns  on  board. 

Battleships. 
Oldenburg.  Posen. 

Thuringen.  Westfalen. 

Dstfriesland.  Rheinland. 

Helgoland.  Nassau. 

Light  Cruisers. 

tettin.  Stralsund. 

Danzig.  Augsburg. 

Munchen.  Kolberg. 

Lubeck.  Stuttgart, 

and,  in  addition,  forty-two  modern  destroyers 
•*nd  fifty  modern  torpedo  boats,  as  chosen  by 
,he  Governments  of  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers. 

Article  186. 

On  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present, 
treaty  the  German  Government  must  under- 
ake,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Govern- 
ments of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers,  the  breakingr-up  of  all  the  German 
urface  warships  now  under  construction. 

Article   187. 
19    German    auxiliary    cruisers    «j><^    fleet 


578 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


auxiliaries  enumerated  below  will  be  disarmed 
and   treated  as   merchant   ships: 

Interned  in  Neutral  Countries. 
Berlin.  Seydlitz. 

Santa  Fe.  Yorck. 

In  Germany. 

Ammon.  Furst  Bulow. 

Answald.  Gertrud. 

Bosnia.  Kigoma. 

Cordoba.  Rugia. 

Cassel.  Santa  Elena. 

Dania.  Schleswigr. 

Rio   Negro.  Mowe. 

Rio  Pardo.  Sierra    ventana. 

Santa   Cruz.  Chemnitz. 

Schwaben.  Emil  Georg  von  Strauss 

Solingren.  Habsburg. 

Steigrerwald.  Meteor. 

Franken.  Waltraute. 

Jundomar.  Scharahorst. 

Article  188. 

On  the  expiration  of  one  month  from  the 
ccming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  all 
German  submarines,  submarine  salvage  ves- 
sels and  docks  for  submarines,  including  the 
tubular  dock,  must  have  been  handed  over  to 
the  Governments  of  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers. 

Such  of  these  submarines.  vessels  and  docks 
as  are  considered  by  the  said  Governments  to 
be  fit  to  proceed  under  their  own  power  or 
to  be  towed  shall  be  taken  by  the  German 
Government  into  such  Allied  ports  as  have 
been  indicated. 

The  remainder,  and  also  those  in  course 
of  construction,  shall  be  broken  up  entirely 
by  the  German  Government  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  said  Governments.  The  break- 
ing-up  must  be  completed  within  three  months 
at  the  most  after  the  coming  into  force  ol 
the  present  Treaty. 

Article  189. 
Articles,  machinery  and  material  arising1  from 
the  breafcn>g-up  of  German  warships  of  all 
kinds,  whether  surface  vessels  or  submarines, 
may  not  be  used  except  for  purely  industrial 
or  commercial  purposes.  They  may  not  b« 
sold  or  disposed  of  to  foreign  countries. 

Article  190. 
Germany  is  forbidden  to  construct  or  acquire 
any  warships  other  than  those  intended  to  re- 
place the  units  in  commission  provided  for  In 
Article  181  of  the  present  Treaty. 

The  warships  intended  for  replacement  pur- 
poses as  above  shall  not  exceed  the  following- 
displacement . 

Armoured  ships 10.000  tons 

Light  cruisers 6,000  tons 

Destroyers     800  tons 

Torpedo  boats 200  tons 

Except  where  a  ship  has  been  lost,  units 
of  the  different  classes  shall  only  be  replaced 
at  the  end  of  a  period  of  twenty  years  in  the 
case  of  battleships  and  cruisers,  and  fifteen 
years  in  the  case  of  destroyers  and  torpedo 
boats,  counting1  from  the  launching1  of  the 
ship. 

Article  191. 

The  construction  or  acauisition  of  any  sub- 
marine, even  for  commercial  purposes,  shall 
be  forbidden  in  Germany. 

Article  192. 

The  warships  in  commission  of  the  German 
fleet  must  have  on  board  or  in  reserve  only 
the  allowance  of  arms,  munitions  and  war 
material  fixed  by  the  Principal  Allied  and  As- 
sociated Powers. 

Within  a  monjji  from  the  fixing1  of  the 
quantities  as  above,  arms,  munitions  and  war 
material  of  all  kinds,  including-  mines  and  tor- 
pedoes, now  in  the  hands  of  the  German 
Government  and  in  excess  of  the  said  quan- 
tities shall  be  surrendered  to  the  Govern- 
ments of  the  said  Powers  at  places  to  be 
indicated  by  them.  Such  arms,  munitions 
and  war  material  will  be  destroyed  or  ren- 
dered useless. 


All  other  stocks,  depots  or  reserves  of  arms, 
munitions  or  naval  war  material  of  all  kind* 
are  forbidden. 

The  manufacture  of  these  articles  in  Ger- 
man territory  for.  and  their  export  to.  for- 
eign countries  shall  be  forbidden. 

Article  19S. 

On  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  Germany  will  forthwith  sweep  up  the 
mines  in  the  following1  areas  in  the  North 
Sea  to  the  eastward  of  longitude  4  degrees 
0  minutes  E.  of  Greenwich: 

(1)  Between  parallels  of  latitude  63  de- 
grees 0  minutes  N,  and  59  degrees  0  min- 
utes N.;  (2)  To  the  northward  of  latitude  60 
degrees  30  minutes  N. 

Germany  must  keep  these  areas  free  from 
mines. 

Germany  must  also  sweep  and  keep  free 
from  mines  such  areas  in  the  Baltic  as  may 
ultimately  be  notified  by  the  Governments  of 
the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers. 

Article  194. 

The  personnel  of  the  German  Navy  shall 
be  recruited  entirely  by  voluntary  engagements 
entered  into  for  a  minimum  period  of  twenty- 
live  consecutive  years  for  officers  and  war- 
rant officers;  twelve  consecutive  years  lor 
petty  officers  snd  men. 

The  number  engaged  to  replace  those  dis- 
charged for  any  reason  before  the  expiration 
of  their  teym  of  service  must  not  exceed  live 
per  cent,  per  annum  of  the  totals  laid  down 
in  this  Section  (Article  183). 

The  personnel  discharged  from  the  Navy 
must  not  receive  any  kind  of  naval  or  military 
training1  or  undertake  any  further  service  in 
the  Navy  or  Army. 

Officers  belonging  to  the  German  Navy 
and  not  demobilised  must  engage  to  serve  till 
the  age  of  forty-five,  unless  discharged  for 
sufficient  reasons. 

No  officer  or  man  pf  the  German  mercan- 
tile marine  shall  receive  any  training  in  the 
Navy. 

Article  195. 

In  order  to  ensure  free  passage  into  the 
Baltic  to  all  nations.  Germany  shall  not  erect 
any  fortifications  in  the  area  comprised  be- 
tween latitudes  55  degrees  27  minutes  North 
and  54  degrees  0  minutes  N,  and  longitudes  9 
degrees  0  minutes  E,  and  16  degrees  0  minutes 
E.  of  the  meridian  of  Greenwich,  nor  instal 
any  guns  commanding  the  maritime  routes 
between  the  North  Sea  and  the  Baltic,  The 
lortincations  now  existing  in  this  area  shall  be 
demolished  and  the  guns  removed  under  the 
supervisions  of  the  Allied  Governments  and 
in  periods  to  be  fixed  by  them. 

.The  German  Government  shall  place  at  the 
disposal  of  the  Governments  of  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  all  hydrograph- 
ical  information  now  in  its  possession  con- 
cerning the  channels  and  adjoining  waters  be- 
tween the  Baltic  and  the  North  Sea. 

Article  196. 

All  fortified  works  and  fortifications,  other 
than  those  mentioned  in  Section  XIII  (Heli- 
goland) of  Part  III  (Political  Clauses  for 
Europe)  and  in  Article  195.  now  established 
within  fifty  kilometres  of  the  German  coast 
or  on  German  islands  off  that  coast  shall  be 
considered  as  of  a  defensive  nature  and  may 
remain  in  their  existing  condition. 

No  new  fortifications  shall  be  constructed 
within  these  limits.  The  armament  of  these 
defense's  shall  not  exceed,  as  regards  the  num- 
ber and  calibre  of  guns,  those  in  position  at 
the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty.  The  German  Government 
shall  communicate  forthwith  particulars  there- 
of to  all  the  European  Governments. 

On  the  expiration  of  a  period  of  two  months 
from  the  coming1  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  stocks  of  ammunition  for  these 
guns  shall  be  reduced  to  and  maintained  at  a 
maximum  figure  of  fifteen  hundred  rounds  per 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


579 


mece  fo"  calibres  of  4.1-inch  and  under,   and 
five  hundred  rounds  per  piece  for  higher  cah- 

bres'  Article  197. 

During-  the  three  months  following-  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  the 
German  high-power  wireless  telegraphy  sta- 
tions at  Nauen.  Hanover  and  Berlin  shall  not 
he  used  for  the  transmission  of  messages  con- 
cernfn?  naval,  military  or  political  questions 
of  interest  to  Germany  or  any  State  which 
has  been  allied  to  Germany  in  the  war.  with- 
out the  assent  of  the  Governments  of  ^the  Pnn 


stations  in  her  own  territory  or  that  oi  AUB 
tria.  Hungary,  Bulgaria  or  Turkey. 

Section  III. 
AIR  CLAUSES. 

Article  198. 


addition    to   the   engines   installed 
Tea  or  "flying1  boats  above  mentioned,  one 
ngine  may  be  provided  for  each  engine 
of  each  of  these  craft. 
No  dirigible  shall  be  kept. 
Article  199. 

Within  two  months  from  the  cominsr  into 
force  of  the  Present  Treaty  the  personnel  of 
air  fords  on  the  rolls  of  the  German  land  a^ 
t"a  forces  shall  be  demobilised.  Up  to  Octo- 
ber 1  1919  however.  Germany  may  keep  and 
maintain  a  total  number  of  one  thousand  [men 
including  officers,  for  the  whole  of  the  cadres 
and  personnel  flying;,  and  non-flying,  of  all 
formations  and  establishments.  .  . 

Article  200. 

Until  the  complete  evacuation  of  German  ter- 
ri*o?v  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  trooos.  th* 
3r°5ft  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Power* 
shall  enjov  in  Germany  freedom  of  passage 
th?oughthe  air.  freedom  of  transit  and  of 
landing. 


During1  the  six  months  following-  the  corn- 
in?  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the 
Manufacture  and  importation  of  aircraft,  parts 
of  aircraft,  engines  for  aircraft,  and  parts  of 
engines  for  aircraft,  shall  be  forbidden  in  all 
German 


On  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Trr^ty  all  military  and  naval  aeronautical  ma- 
terial except  the  machines  mentioned  in  the 
second  and  third  paragraphs  of  Article  198. 
m^st  be  delivered  to  the  Governments  of  the 
Principal  Allied  acd  Associated  Powers. 

Delivery  must  be  effected  at  such  places 
as  the  sa'id  Governments  may  select,  and  must 
be  completed  within  three  months.. 

In  particular  this  material  will  include  all 
items  under  the  following  heads  which  .are  or 
have  been  in  use  or  were  designed  for  warlike 

Complete   aeroplanes  and  seaplanes,    as  well 
'     as  those  being  manufactured,   repaired  or  as- 

^Dirigibles  able  to  take  the  air.  being  manu- 
factured,   repaired    or    assembled. 
Plant  for  the  manufacture   of  hydrogen. 


Dirigible  sheds  and  shelters  of  every  kind 
for  aircraft. 

Pending  their  delivery,  dirigibles  will,  at  the 
expense  of  Germany,  be  maintained  inflated 
with  hydrogen;  the  plant  for  the  manufacture 
of  hydrogen,  as  well  as  the  sheds  for  dirigi- 
bles, may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  said  Pow- 
ers, be  left  to  Germany  until  the  time  when 
the  dirigibles  are  handed  over. 

Engines  for  aircraft. 

Nacelles  and  fuselages. 

Armament  (guns,  machine  guns,  light  ma- 
chine guns,  bomb-dropping  apparatus,  torpedo- 
dropping1  apparatus,  synchronization  appara- 
tus. aiming1  apparatus) . 

Munitions  (cartridges,  shells,  bombs  loaded 
or  unloaded,  stocks  of  explosives  or  of  ma- 
terial for  their  manufacture) . 

Instruments  for  use  on   aircraft. 

Wireless  apparatus  and  photographic  or 
cinematograph  apparatus  for  use  on  aircraft. 

Component  parts  of  any  of  the  items  under 
the  preceding  heads. 

The  material  referred  to  above  shall  not  be 
removed  without  special  permission  from  the 
said  Governments. 

Section  IV. 

INTER-ALLIED  COMMISSIONS  OF  CONTROL. 
Article  20S. 

All  the  military,  naval  and  air  clauses  con- 
tained in  the  present  Treaty,  for  the  execution 
of  which  a  time-limit  is  prescribed,  shall  be 
executed  by  Germany  under  the  control  of 
Inter-Allied  Commissions  specially  appointed 
for  this  purpose  by  the  Principal  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers. 

Article  204. 

The  Inter-Allied  Commissions  of  Control  will 
be  specially  charged  with  the  duty  of  seeing 
to  the  complete  execution  of  the  delivery,  de- 
struction, demolition  and  rendering  things  use- 
less to  be  carried  out  at  the  expense  of  the 
German  Government  in  accordance  with  th» 
present  Treaty. 

They  will  communicate  to  the  German  au- 
thorities the  decisions  which  the  Principal  Al- 
lied and  Associated  Powers  have  reserved  the 
right  to  take,  or  which  the  execution  of  the 
military,  naval  and  air  clauses  may  necessitate. 
Article  SOS. 

The  Inter-Allied  Commissions  of  Control  may- 
establish  their  organisations  at  the  seat  of 
the  central  German  Government. 

They  shall  be  entitled  as  often  as  th»y 
think  de?irable  to  proceed  to  any  point  what- 
ever in  German  territory,  or  to  send  subcom- 
missions,  or  to  authorise  one  or  more  of 
their  members  to  go.  to  any  such  point. 
Article  206. 

The  German  Government  must  give  all  nee- 
|  essary    facilities    for    the    accomplishment    of 
their  missions  to  the  Irter-Allied  Commissions 
of  Control  and  to  their  members. 

It  shall  attach  a  qualified  representative  to 
each  Inter-Allied  Commission  of  Control  for 
the  purpose  of  receiving  the  communications 
which  the  Commission  may  have  to  address 
to  the  German  Government  and  of  supplying- 
or  procuring  for  the  Commission  all  informa- 
tion or  documents  which  may  be  required. 

The  German  Government  must  in  all  case* 
furnish  at  its  own  cost  all  labour  and  materi- 
al required  to  effect  the  deliveries  and  the 
works  of  destruction,  dismantling,  demolition. 
i  and  of  rendering1  things  useless,  provided  for 
in  the  present  Treaty. 

Article  207. 

The  upkeep  and  cost  of  the  Commissions  of 
Control    and    the    expenses    involved   by    their 
work  shall  be  borne  by  Germany. 
Article  208. 

The  Military  Inter-Allied  Commission  of 
Control  will  represent  the  Government?  of 


580 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in 
dealing1  with  the  German  Government  in  all 
matters  concerning:  the  execution  of  the  mili- 
tary clauses. 

In  particular  it  will  be  its  duty  to  receive 
from  the  German  Government  the  notifications 
relating-  to  the  location  of  the  stocks  and 
depots  of  munitions,  the  armament  of  the 
fortified  works,  fortresses  and  forts  which 
<3«rmany  is  allowed  to  retain,  and  the  location 
of  the  works  or  factories  for  the  production 
of  arms,  munitions  and  war  material  and  their 
operations. 

It  will  take  delivery  of  the  arms,  munitions 
and  war  material,  will  select  the  points  where 
such  delivery  is  to  be  effected,  and  will  super- 
vise the  works  of  destruction,  demolition,  and 
of  rendering1  thing's  useless,  which  are  to  be 
carried  out  in  accordance  with  the  present 

The  German  Government  must  furnish  to  the 
Military  Inter-  Allied  Commission  of  Control  all 
such  information  and  documents  as  the  latter 
may  deem  necessary  to  ensure  the  complete 
execution  of  the  military  clauses,  and  in  par- 
ticular all  legislative  and  administrative  docu- 
ments and  regulations. 

Article  209. 

The  Naval  Inter-Allied  Commission  of  Con- 
trol will  represent  the  Governments  of  the 
Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in 
dealing-  with  the  German  Government  in  all 
matters  concerning1  the  execution  of  the  naval 

C  In9  particular  it  will  be  its  duty  to  proceed 
to  the  building:  yards  and  to  supervise  the 
breaking-up  of  the  ships  which  are  -under  con- 
struction there,  to  take  delivery  of  all  surface 
ships  or  submarines,  salvage  •ships,  docks  and 
the  tubular  docks,  and  to  supervise  the  de- 
struction and  breaking-up  provided  foi\ 

The  German  Government  must  furnish  to  the 
Saval  Inter-Allied  Commission  of  Control  all 
snch  information  and  documents  as  the  com- 
mission may  d^em  necessary  to  ensure  the 
complete  execution  of  the  naval  clauses,  in 
particular  the  designs  of  the  warships,  the 
composition  of  their  armaments,  the  details 
and  models  of  the  g;uns,  munitions,  .torpedoes. 
mines  explosives,  wireless  telegraphic  appara- 
tus and.  in  sreneral,  everything1  relating-  to 
naval  war  material,  as  well  as  all  legislative 
or  administrative  documents  or  regulations. 
Article  210. 

The  Aeronautical  Inter-Allied  Commission  of 
Control  will  represent  the  Governments  of  the 
Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in 
dealing-  with  the  German  Government  in  all 
matters  concerning  the  execution  of  the  air 


it  will  be  its  duty  to  make  an 
inventory  of  the  aeronautical  material  existing1 
in  German  territory,  to  inspect  aeroplane,  bal- 
loon and  motor  manufactories,  and  factories 
producing-  arms,  munitions  and  explosives 
capable  of  being-  used  by  aircraft,  to  visit  all 
aerodromes,  sheds,  landing-  grounds,  parks  and 
depots,  to  authorise,  where  necessary,  a  re- 
moval of  material  and  to  take  delivery  of 
such  material. 

The  German  Government  must  furnish  to  the 
Aeronautical  Inter-Allied  Commission  of  Con- 
trol all  such  information  and  legislative,  ad- 
ministrative or  other  documents  which  the 
Commission  may  consider  necessary  to  ensure 
the  complete  execution  of  the  air  clauses,  and 
in  particular  a  list  of  the  personnel  belonging 
to  all  the  German  Air  Services,  and  of  the 
existing  material,  as  well  as  of  that  in  proc- 
ess of  manufacture  or  on  order,  and  a  list  of 
all  establishments  working:  for  aviation  of 
their  positions,  and  of  all  sheds  and  landing 


Section  V. 
GENERAL  ARTICLES. 

Article  til. 

After   the   expiration    of    a   period  of  three 

months    from   the   coming   into    force   01   tne 


present  Treaty  the  German  laws  must  have 
)een  modified  and  shall  be  maintained  by  the 
German  Government  in  conformity  with  this 
Part  of  the  present  Treaty. 
Within  the  same  period  all  the  administra- 
ive  or  other  measures  relating-  to  the  exe- 
cution of  this  Part  of  the  Treaty  ^nust  have 
>een  taken. 

Article  212. 

The  following-  portions  of  the  Armistice  of 
November  11.  1918:  Article  VI.  the  first  two 
and  the  sixth  and  seventh  paragraphs  of  Ar- 
ticle VII:  Article  IX;  Clauses  I.  II  and  V  of 
Annex  No.  2.  and  the  Protocol,  dated  April  4. 
1919.  suplementing  the  Armistice  of  Novem- 
Der  11,  1918.  remain  in  force  so  far  as  they 
are  not  inconsistent  with  the  above  stipula- 
tions. 

Article  213. 

So  long1  as  the  present  Treaty  remains  in 
force  Germany  undertakes  to  give  every  facil- 
ity for  any  investigation  which  the  Council  of 
the  League  of  Nations,  acting  if  need  be  by 
a  majority  vote,  may  consider  necessary. 

PART   VI. 
PRISONERS  OF  WAR  AND   GRAVES. 

Section  7. 
PRISONERS  OF  WAR. 

Article  21k. 

The  repatriation  of  prisoners  of  war  and  in- 
terned civilians  shall  take  place  as  soon  as 
possible  after  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty  and  shall  be  carried  out  with 
the  greatest  rapidity. 

Article  215. 

The  repatriation  of  German  prisoners  of  war 
and  interned  civilians  shall,  in  accordance  with 


Article  214.  be  cirried   out  by   a  Commission 

jf  representatives  of 

Associated  Powers  on  the  one  part  and  of  the 


composed  of  representatives  of  the  Allied  and 


German  Government  on  the  other  part. 

For  each  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Pow- 
ers a  Sub-Cpmmission,  composed  exclusively  of 
Representatives  of  the  interested  Power  and 
of  Delegates  of  the  German  Government,  shall 
regulate  the  details  of  carrying  into  effect  the 
repatriation  of  the  prisoners  of  war. 
Article  216. 

From  the  time  of  their  delivery  into  the 
hands  of  the  German  authorities  the  prisoners 
of  war  and  interned  civilians  are  to  be  re- 
turned without  delay  to  their  homes  by  the 
said  authorities. 

Those  amongst  them  who  before  the  war 
were  habituaUy  resident  in  territory  occupied 
by  the  troops  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  are  likewise  to  be  sent  to  their  homes, 
subject  to  the  consent  and  control  of  the  mil- 
tary  authorities  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
armiea  of  occupation. 

Article  217. 

The  whole  cost  of  repatriation  from  the  mo- 
ment of  starting1  shall  be  borne  by  the  Ger- 
man Government,  who  shall  also  provide  the 
land  and  sea  transport  and  staff  considered 
necessary  by  the  Commission  referred  to  in 
Article  215.  fflvo 

Article  218. 

Prisoners  of  war  and  interned  civilians 
awaiting  disposal  or  undergoing  sentence  for 
offenses  against  discipline  shall  be  repatriated 
irrespective  of  the  completion  of  their  sen- 
tence or  of  the  proceedings  pending  against 

1  This  stipulation  shall  not  apply  to  prisoners 
of    war    and    interned    civilians    punished    for  I 
offenses  committed  sxibsequent  to.  May  1,  1919. 

During  the  period  pending  their,  repatriation 

all  prisoners  of  war  and  interned  civilians  shall 

remain    subject    to    the    existing    regulations, 

more  especially  as  regards  work  and  discipline. 

Article  219. 

Prisoners  of  war  and  interned  civilians  who 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


581 


are  awaiting-  disposal  or  undergoing-  sentence 
for  offences  other  than  those  against  discipline 
may  be  detained. 

Article  220. 

The  German  Government  undertakes  to  ad- 
mit to  its  territory  without  distinction  all  per- 
sons liable  to  repatriation. 

Prisoners  of  war  or  other  German  nationals 
who  do  not  desire  to  be  repatriated  may  be 
excluded  from  repatriation;  but  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Governments  reserve  to  themselves 
the  right  either  to  repatriate  them  or  to  take 
them  to  a  neutral  country  or  to  allow  them 
to  reside  in  their  own  territories. 

The  German  Government  undertakes  not  to 
institute  any  exceptional  proceeding's  against 
these  persons  or  their  f  amil  es  nor  to  take  any 
repressive  or  vexatious  measures  of  any  kind 
whatsoever  against  them  on  this  account. 
Article  221. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  re- 
serve the  right  to  make  the  repatriation  of 
German  prisoners  of  war  or  German  nationals 
in  their  hands  conditional  upon  the  immediate 
notification  and  release  by  the  German  Gov- 
ernment of  any  prisoners  of  war  who  are  na- 
tionals of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
and  may  still  be  in  Germany. 
Article  222. 

Germany  undertakes : 

(1)  To  give   every   facility  to  Commissions 
to  enquire  into  the  cases  of  those,  who  cannot 
be  traced:   to   furnish  such   commissions   with 
all    necessary    means    of    transport:     to     allow 
them   access  to  camps,   prisons,   hospitals   and 
all  other  places;  and  to  place  at  their  disposal 
all     documents,      whether    public    or    private, 
which  would  facilitate  their  enquiries: 

(2)  To  impose  penalties  upon  any   German 
officials  or  private  persons  who  have  concealed 
the  presence  of   any  nationals  of   any  of   the 
Allied  ana  Associated  Powers  or  have  neglected 
to   reveal   the   presence    of   any   such   after  it 
had  come  to  their  knowledge. 

Article  22  S. 

Germany  undertakes  to  restore  without  delay 
from  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty  all  articles,  money,  securities 
and  documents  which  have  belonged  to  na- 
tionals of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
and  which  have  been  retained  by  the  German 
authorities. 

Article  22%. 

The  Hig-h  Contracting  Parties  waive  recip- 
rocally all  repayment  of  sums  due  for  the 
maintenance  of  prisoners  of  war  in  their  re- 
spective territories. 

Section  II. 

GRAVES. 

Article  225. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  and 
the  German  Government  will  cause  to  be  re- 
spected and  maintained  the  graves  of  the  sol- 
diers and  sailors  buried  in  their  respective  ter- 
ritories. 

They  agree  to  recognise  any  commission  ap- 
pointed by  an  Allied  or  Associated  Government 
for  the  purpose  of  identifying,  registering,  car- 
ing for  or  erecting  suitable  memorials  over  the 
said  graves  and  to  facilitate  the  discharge  of 
its  duties. 

Furthermore  they  agree  to  afford,  so  far  as 
the  provisions  of  their  laws  and  the  require- 
ments of  public  health  allow,  every  facility 
for  giving  effect  to  requests  that  the  bodies 
of  their  soldiers  and  sailors  may  be  trans- 
ferred to  their  own  country. 
Article  226. 

The  graves  of.  prisoners  of  war  and  interned 
civilians  who  are  nationals  of  the  dmerent  bel- 
ligerent 'States  and  have  died  in  captivity  shall 
be  properly  maintained  in  accordance  with 
Article  225  of  the  present  Treaty. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  on 
the  one  cart  and  the  German  Government  on 


the    other  part   reciprocally   undertake  also   lo> 


furnish   to  each,  other: 


A  complete  list  of  those  who  have  died, 
together  with  all  information  useful  for  identi- 
fication: 

(2)  All  information  as  to  the  number  and 
position  of  the  craves  of  all  those  who  have 
been  buried  without  identification. 

Part  VII. 
PENALTIES. 
Article  227. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  publicly 
arraign  William  II  of  Hohenzollern.  formerly 
German  Emperor,  for  a  supreme  offense 
against  international  morality  and  the  sanctity 
of  treaties. 

A  special  tribunal  will  be  constituted  to  try 
the  accused  thereby  assuring-  him  the  guaran- 
tees essential  to  the  right  of  defence.  It  will 
be  composed  of  five  juderes.  one  apoointed  by 
each  of  the  following  Powers:  namely,  the 
United  States  of  America,  Great  Britain. 
France.  Italy  and  Japan. 

In  its  decision  the  tribunal  will  be  eruided  by 
the  highest  motives  of  international  policy, 
with  a  view  to  vindicating-  the  solemn  obliga- 
tions of  international  undertakings,  and  the 
validity  of  international  morality.  It  will  be 
its  duty  to  fix  the  punishment  which  it  con- 
siders should  be  imposed 

The  Allied  and  Associated  •  Powers  will  ad- 
dress a  request  to  the  Government  of  the 
Netherlands  for  the  surrender  to  them  of  the 
ex-Emperor  in  order  that  he  may  be  out  on 

Article  228. 
The  German  Government  recognises  the  right 

§'  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  to  brine- 
fore    military    tribunals    persons    accused    of 
iving    committed    acts    in    violation    of    the 
ws  and  customs  of  war.     Such  persons  shall, 
if    found   eruiltv.    be   sentenced    to   nunishments 
laid  down  by  law.     This  provision  will   apply 
notwithstanding-   any   proceeding's     or    prosecu- 
tion before  a   tribunal  in   Germany   or  in  the 
territory  of  her  allies. 

The  German  Government  shall  hand  over    to 
the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,   or  to  such 
one   of   them   as  shall   so  request,    all  persons 
accused  of  having-  committed  an  act  in  viola- 
tion of  the  laws  and  customs  of  war.  who  are 
Esified   either  by    name  or  by  the  rank    of- 
or  employment  which  they  held  under  the 
man    authorities. 

Article  229. 

Persons  guilty  of  criminal  acts  against  the 
nationals  of  one  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  will  be  brought  before  the  military 
tribunals  of  that  Power- 
Persons  s-uiltv  of  criminal  acts  against  the 
nationals  of  more  than  one,  of  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  will  be  brought  before  mil- 
itary tribunals  composed  of  members  of  the 
military  tribunals  of  *^»  Powers  concerned. 

In  every  case  the  accused  will  be  entitled  to 
name  his  own  counsel. 


Article  2SO. 


The  German  Government  undertakes  to  fur- 
ish    all   documents   and   information   of   everr 
kirid.   the  production  of  which  mav   be  consid- 


nis 


ered  necessary  to  ensure  thp  full  knowledge  of 
the  incriminating  acts,  the  discovery  of  offend- 
ers and  the  iust  appreciation  of  responsibility. 

PART    VHI. 
REPARATION. 

Section  I. 
GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

Article  2S1. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  af- 
firm and  Germany  accepts  the  responsibility 
of  Germany  and  her  allies  for  causing  all  the 
loss  and  damage  to  which  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Governments  and  their  nationals  have 
been  subjected  as  a  consequence  pf  the  war 
imposed  upon  them  by  the  aggression  of  Ger- 
many and  her  allies. 


582 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Article  232. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  rec- 
ognise that  the  resources  of  Germany  are  not 
adequate,  after  taking-  into  account  permanent 
diminutions  of  such  resources  which  will  re- 
sult from  other  provisions  of  the  present 
Treaty,  to  make  complete  reparation  for  all 
such  loss  and  damage. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments, 
however,  require,  and  Germany  undertakes, 
that  she  will  make  compensation  for  all  dam- 
age done  to  the  civilian  population  of  the  Al- 
lied and  Associated  Powers  and  to  their  prop- 
erty during  the  period  of  the  belligerency  of 
each  as  an  Allied  or  Associated  Power  against 
Germany  by  such  aggression  by  land,  by  sea 
and  from  the  air,  and  in  general  all  damage 
as  defined  in  Annex  I  hereto. 

In  accordance  with  Germany's  pledges,  al- 
ready given,  as  to  complete  restoration  for 
Belgium,  Germany  undertakes,  in  addition  to 
the  compensation  for  damage  elsewhere  in 
this  Part  provided  for,  as  a  consequence  of 
the  violation  of  the  Treaty  of  1839.  to  make 
reimbursement  of  all  sums  which  Belgium  has 
borrowed  from  the  Allied  and  Associated  Gov- 
ernments up  to  November  11,  1918,  together 
with  interest  at  the  rate  of  five  per  cent. 
(5%)  per  annum  on  such  sums.  This  amount 
shall  be  determined  bv  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission, and  the  German  Government  under- 
takes thereupon  forthwith  to  make  a  special 
issue  of  bearer  bonds  to  an  equivalent  amount 
payable  in  marks  gold,  on  May  1.  1926.  or 
at  the  option  of  the  German  Government,  on 
the  1st  of  May  in  any  year  up  to  1926.  Sub- 
ject to  the  foregoing,  the  form  of  such  bonds 
shall'  be  determined  by  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission. Such  bonds  shall  be  handed  over  to 
the  Reparation  Commission,  which  has  au- 
thority to  take  and  acknowledge  receipt 
thereof  on  behalf  of  Belgium. 

Article  233. 

The  amount  of  the  above  damage  lor  which 
compensation  is  to  be  made  by  Germany  shall 
be  determined  by  an  Inter-Allied  Commission. 
to  be  called  the  Reparation  Commission  and 
constituted  in  the  form  and  with  the  powers 
set  forth  hereunder  and  in  Annexes  II  and 
VII  inclusive  hereto. 

This  Commission  shall  consider  the  claims 
and  give  to  the  German  Government  3-  Just 
opportunity  to  be  heard. 

The  findings  of  the  Commission  as  to  the 
amount  of  damage  defined  as  above  shall  be 
concluded  and  notified  to  the  German  Gov- 
ernment on  or  before  May  1.  1921.  as  rep- 
resenting the  extent  of  that  Government's 
obligations. 

Th»  Commission  shall  concurrently  draw  tip 
a  schedule  of  payments  prescribing  the  time 
and  manner  for  securing  and  discharging  the 
entire  obligation  within  a  period  of  thirty 


years  from  May  1.  1921.     __.  

the    period    mentioned    Germany    fails    to    dis- 


E.  however,  within 


charge  her  obligations,  any  balance  remaining 
unpaid  may.  within  the  discretion  of  the  Com- 
mission, be  postponed  for  settlement  in  subse- 
quent years,  or  may  be  handled  otherwise  in 
such  manner  as  the  Allied  and  Associated  Gov- 
ernments, acting  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
cedure laid  down  in  this  Part  of  the  present 
Treaty,  shall  determine. 

Article  23.$. 

The  Reparation  Commission  shall  after  May 
1,  1921.  from  time  to  time,  consider  the  re- 
sources and  capacity  of  Germany,  and.  after 
giving  her  representatives  a  just  opportunity 
to  be  heard,  shall  have  discretion  to  extend 
the  date,  and  to  modily  the  form  of  payments, 
such  as  are  to  be  provided  for  in  accordance 
with  Article  233;  but  not  to  cancel  any  part 
exc  pt  with  the  specific  authority  of  the  sev- 
eral Governments  represented  upon  the  Com- 
mission. 

Article  235. 

In  order  to  enable  the  Allied  and  Associ- 
at  d  Powers  to  proceed  at  once  to  the  restora- 


tion of  their  industrial  and  economic  life, 
pending  the  full  determination  of  their  claims. 
Germany  shall  pay  in  such  instalments  and 
in  such  manner  (whether  in  gold,  commodi- 
ties, ships,  S--CU  ities  or  otherwise)  as  the 
Reparation  Commission  may  fix.  during  1919, 
19^0  and  the  first  four  months  of  1921.  the 
equivalent  of  20.000,000,000  gold  marks.  Out 
01  this  sum  the  expenses  of  the  armies  of  oc- 
cupation subsequent  to  the  Armistice  of  No- 
vember 11.  1918.  shall  first  be  met.  and  such 
supplies  of  food  and  raw  materials  as  may.  be 
judged  by  the  Governments  of  the  Principal 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  to  be  essential 
to  enable  Germany  to  meet  her  obligations  for 
reparation  may  also,  with  the  approval  of 
the  said  Governments,  be  paid  for  out  of  the 
above  sum.  The  balance  shall  be  reckoned 
toward  liquidation  of  the  amounts  due  for 
reparation.  Germany  shall  further  deposit 
bonds  as  prescribed  in  Paragraph  12  (e)  of 
Annex  JI  hereto. 

Article  236. 

Germany  further  agrees  to  the  direct  appli- 
cation of  her  economic  resources  to  reparation 
as  specified  in  Annexes  III.  IV.  V.  and  VI. 
relating  respectively  to  m  rchant  shipping,  to 
physical  restoration,  to  coal  and  derivatives  of 
conl  and  to  dyestufis  and  other  chemical  prod- 
ucts- provided  always  that  the  value  of  the 
property  transferred  and  any  services  ren- 
dered, by  her  under  these  Annexes,  assessed  in 
the  manner  therein  prescribed,  shall  be  cred- 
it d  to  h"r  toward  liquidation  of  her  obliga- 
tions under  the  above  Articles. 
Article  237. 

The  successive  instalments,  including1  the 
above  sum.  paid  over  by  Germany  in  satisfac- 
tion of  the  above  claims  will  be  divided  by 
the  Allied  nnd  Associated  Governments  in  pro- 
portions which  have  been  determined  upon  by 
them  in  advance  on  a  basis  of  general  equity 
and  of  the  rights  of  each. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  division  the  value 
of  property  transferred  and  services  rendered 
under  Article  243.  and  under  Annexes  III. 
IV.  V.  VI  and  VII.  shall  be  reckoned  .in  the 
same  manner  as  cash  payments  effected  in  that 
year. 

Article  238. 

In  addition  to  the  payments  mentioned  above 
Germany  shall  effect,  in  accordance  with  the 
procedure  laid  down  by  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission, restitution  in  cash  of  cash  taken 
away,  seized  or  sequestrated,  and  also  resti- 
tution of  animals,  objects  of  every  nature  and 
securities  taken  away,  seized  or  sequestrated, 
in  the  case  in  which  it  proves  possible  to 
identify  them  in  territory  belonging  to  Ger- 
many or  her  allies. 

UrnVl    this   procedure   is   laid   down,    restitu- 
tion will  continue  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Armistice  of  November  11.  1918. 
and  its  renewals  and  the  Protocols  thereto. 
Article  239. 

The  German  Government  undertakes  to  make 
forthwith  the  restitution  contemplated  by 
Article  238  and  to  make  the  payments  and 
deliveries  contemplated  by  Articles  233.  234. 
235  and  236. 

Article  2}0. 

The  German  Government  recognises  the  Com- 
mission provided  for  by  Article  233  as  the 
same  may  be  constituted  by  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Governments  in  accordance  with 
Annex  II  and  agrees  irrevocably  to  the  pos- 
session and  exercise  by  such  Commission  of 
the  power  and  authority  given  to  it  under 
the  present  Treaty. 

The  German  Government  will  supply  to  the 
Commission  all  the  information  which  the 
Commission  may  require  relative  to  the  finan- 
cial situation  and  operations  and  to  the  prop- 
erty, productive  capacity,  and  stocks  and  cur- 
rent production  of  raw  materials  and  manu- 
factured articles  of  Germany  and  her  nation- 
als, and  further  any  information  relative  to 
military  operations  which  in  the  judgment  of 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


583 


the  Commission  may  be  necesary  for  the  as- 
sessment of  Germany's  liability  for  reparation 
as  defiiud  in  Annex  I. 

The  German  Government  will  accord  to  the 
members  of  the  Commission  and  its  authorised 
agents  the  same  rights  and  immun'ties  as  are 
enjoyed  in  Germany  by  duly  accredited  diplo- 
matic agents  of  friendly  Powers. 

Germany  further  agrees  to  provide  for  the 
salaries  and  expenses  of  the  Commission  and 
of  such  staff  as  it  may  employ. 

Article  241. 

Germany  undertakes  to  pass,  issue  and  main- 
tain in  force  any  legislation,  orders  and  decrees 
that  may  be  nscessary  to  give  complete  effect 
to  these  provisions. 

Article  242. 

The  provisions  of  this  Part  of  the  present 
Treaty  do  not  apply  to  the  property,  rigrhts 
and  interests  referred  to  in  Sections  III  and 
IV  of  Part  X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the 
present  Treaty,  nor  to  the  product  of  their 
liquidation,  except  so  far  as  concerns  any  final 
balance  in  favor  of  Germany  under  Article  243 
(a). 

Article  24S. 

The  following  shall  be  reckoned  as  credits 
to  Germany  in  respect  of  her  reparation  obli- 
gations : 

(a)  Any  final  balance  in  favour  of  Germany 

fler    Section    V     (Alsace-Lorraine)     of  Part 
(Political  Clauses  for  Europe)  and  Sections 
and    IV    of    Part    X    (Economic   Clauses) 
the   present  Treaty; 

(b)  Amounts  due  to  Germany  in  respect  of 
transfers   under   Section   IV    (Saar   Basin)    of 
Part   III    (Political  Clauses  for  Europe).  Part 
IX    (Financial  Clauses),   and  Part  XII    ^Ports, 
Waterways  and  Railways)  : 

(c)  Amounts  which  in  the  judgment  of  the 
Reparation    Commission   should   be  credited   to 
Germany    on    account    of    any    other   transfers 
under  the  present  Treaty   of  property,   rights, 
concessions  or  other  interests. 

In  no  case  however  shall  credit  be  given  for 
property  restored  in  accordance  -with  Article 
238  of  the  present  Part. 

Article  244. 

The  transfer  of  the  German  submarine 
cables  which  do  not  form  the  subject  of  par- 
ticular provisions  of  the  present  Treaty  is 
regulated  by  Annex  VII  hereto. 

ANNEX  I. 

Compensation  may  be  claimed  from  Germany 
under  Article  232  above  in  respect  of  the  total 
damage  under  the  follow'ng  categories: 

(1)  Damage  to  injured  persons  and  to  sur- 
viving-   dependents   by    personal   injury    to    or 
death  of  civilians  caused  by  acts   of  war,  in- 
cluding   bombardments    or    other    attacks    on 
land,  on  sea.  or  from  the  air,  and  of  all  the  di- 
rect  consequences    thereof,    and    of    all    opera- 
tions of  war  by  the  two  groups  of  belligerents 
wherever  arising. 

(2)  Damasre  caused  by   Germany   or  her  al- 
lies' to  civilian  victims  of  acts  of  cruelty,  vio- 
lence   or    maltreatment    (including-   injuries    to 
life  or  health   as   a   consequence   of   imprison- 
ment,   deportation,    internment    or   evacuation. 
of  exposure  at   sea   or  of  being  forced   to  la- 
bour)    wherever  arising-,   and  to  the  surviving1 
dependents   of   such   victims 

(3)  Damage  caused  by  Germany  or  her  al- 
lies  in    their   own   territory   or  in   occupied   or 
invaded  territory  to  civilian  victims  of  all  acts 
injurious  to  health  or  capacity  to  work,  or  to 
honour,    as   well    as    to   the    surviving-  depend- 
ents  of   such   victims 

(4)  Damage    caused   by   any  kind   of    mal- 
treatment  of  prisoners  of  war. 

(5)  As  damaere  caused  to  the  peoples  of  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  all  pensions  and 
compensation  in  the  nature  of  pensions  to  na- 
val   and    military    victims    of    war     (including 
memb^s  of  the  air  fo**ce).  whpt>^r  mutilated 
wounded,  sick  or  invalided,  and  to  the  depend- 
ents of  such  victims    the   amount  due   to  the 
Allied   and  Associated  •Governments  beiner  cal- 


culated  for  each  of  them  as  beinar  the  capital- 
ised cost  of  such  pensions  and  compensation 
at  the  date  of  the  coming;  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty  on  the  basis  of  the  scales  in 
force  in  France  at  such  date. 

(6)  The  cost  of  assistance  by  the  Govern- 
ment  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  to 
prisoners  of  war  and  to  their  families  and  de- 

(7)  Allowances  by  the  Governments  of  the 
Allied   and  Associated  Powers  to   the  families 
and  dependents  of  mobilised  persons  or  persona 
serving    with   the    forces,    the    amount   due   to 
them  for  each  calendar  year  in  which  hostili- 
ties occurred  being;  calculated  for  each  Govern- 
ment  on  the  basis   of   the  average  scale   for 
such  payments  in  force  in  France  during  that 
year. 

(8)  Damage    caused    to    civilians   by    being 
forced  by   Germany   or  her  allies    to     labour 
without  Just  remuneration. 

(9)  Damage  in  respect  of  all  property  wher- 
ever situated  belonging-  to  any  of  the  Allied  or 
Associated  States  or  their  nationals,   with  the 
exception  of  naval  and  military  works  or  ma- 
terials. which  has  been  carried  off.  seized,  in- 
jured or  destroyed  bv  the  acts  of  Germany  x  or 
her  allies  on  land,  on  sea  or  from  the  air.  or 
damae-e   directly   in   consequence    of   hostilities 
or  of  any  operations  of  war. 

(10)  Damage   in    the    form    of     levies,    fines 
and   other  similar  exactions  imposed   by   Ger- 
many or  'her  allies  upon  the  civilian  PODula- 

ANNEX  H. 
1. 

The  Commission  referred  to  in  Article  233 
shall  be  called  "The  Reparation  Commission" 
and  is  hereinafter  referred  to  as  "the  Commis- 
sion." 

2. 

Delegates  to  this  Commission  shall.  b*  nomi- 
nated by  the  United  States  of  America.  Great 
Britain.  France.  Italy.  Japan  Belsrium  and  the 
Serb-Croat-Slovene  State.  Each  of  these  Pow- 
ers will  appoint  one  Delegate  and  also  one  As- 
sistant Delegate,  who  will  take  his  place  in 
case  of  illness  or  necessary  absence,  but  at 
other  times  will  only  have  the  right  to  be 
present  at  proceedings  without  taking  any  Dart 
therein 

On  no  occasion  shall  the  Delegates  of  'more 
than  five  of  the  above  Powers  have  the  rierht 
to  take  part  in  the  proceedings  of  .the  Com- 
mission and  to  record  their  votes.  The  Dele- 
gates of  the  United  States.  Great  Britain 
France  and  Italy  shall  have  this  right  on  all 
occasions.  The  Delegate  of  Belgium  shall 
have  this  right  on  all  occasions  other  than 
those  referred  to  below.  The  Delegate  of 
Japan  shall  have  this  rierht  on  occasions  when 
questions  relating  to  damage  at  eea  and  ques- 
tions arising  tinder  Article  260  of  Part  IX 
(Financial  Clauses)  in  which  Japanese  inter- 
ests are  concerned  are  under  consideration. 
The  Delegate  of  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  State 
shall  have  this  rierht  when  auctions  relftiner 
to  Austria.  Hungary  or  Buleraria  are  under 
consideration.  _ 

Each    Government   represented   on    the   Com- 
mission   -shall    have    the     rierht   ,to     withdraw 
months'    notice     filed 
fi 


therefrom    upon    twelve 

with    the   Commission    and   con 


rmed    in 
course  of  the  sixth  month  after  the  date  of 


the 


the  original  notice. 

Such    of   the 
owers   as   ma 
right  to  appoint   a 


other  .Allied     and     Associated 
Powers   as   may  be  interested   shall  h 


ave   the 


legate  to  be.  present  nnd 
act    as    Assessor    only    while    their    respective 


Del 
nly 


claims  and  interests  are  under  examination  or 
discussion,  but  without  the  right  to  vote. 

4. 

In  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  recall 
of  any  Delegate.  Assistant  Delegate  or  Asses- 
sor. a  successor  to  him  shall  be  nominated  as 
eoon  as  possible. 

The  Commission  will'  have  its  principal  per- 
manent Bureau  in  Pans  and  will  hold  its  first 


684 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


meeting:  in  Paris  as  soon  as  practicable  after 
the  coming-  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty, 
and  thereafter  will  meet  in  such  place  or 
places  and  at  such  time  as  it  may  deem 
convenient  and  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
most  expeditious  discharge  of  its  duties. 

6. 

At   its   first    meeting-   the   Commission    shall 
elect,    from   among'    the   Delegates    referred    to 


above,  a  Chairman  and  a  Vice-Chairman,  who 
old    o: 

Chairmanship     or     Vice-Chairmanship"     should 


shal]  "hold    office    for    one    year    and    shall   be 
eligible   ior  re-election.      If 


a   vacancy  in   the 


occur  during  the  annual  period,   the  Commis- 
sion  shall  proceed  to  a   new  election  for   the 
remainder  of  the  said  period. 
7. 

The  Commission  is  authorised  to  appoint 
all  necessary  officers,  agents  and  employees 
who  may  be  required  for  the  execution  of  its 
functions,  and  to  fix  their  remuneration:  to 
constitute  committees,  whose  members  need 
not  necessarily  be  members  of  the  Commis- 
sion, and  to  take  all  executive  steps  neces- 
sary for  the  purpose  of  discharging  its  duties: 
and  to  delegate  authority  and  discretion  to 
officers,  agents  and  committees. 
8. 

All  proceedings  of  the  Commission  shall  be 
private,  unless,  on  particular  occasions,  the 
Commission  shall  otherwise  determine  for  spe- 
cial reasons. 

The  Commission  shall  be  required,  if  the 
German  Government  so  desire,  to  hear,  within 
a  period  which  it  will  fix  from  time  to  time, 
evidence  and  arguments  on  the  part  of  Ger- 
many on  any  question  connected  with  her 
capacity,  to  pay. 

The  Commission  shall  consider  the  claims 
and  give  to  the  German  Government  a  just 
opportunity  to  be  heard,  but  not  to  take  any 
part  whatever  in  the  decision*  of  the  Com- 
mission. The,  Commission  shall  afford  a 
similar  opportunity  to  the  allies  of  Germany 
when  it  shall  consider  that  their  interests  are 
in  question.  , 

The  Commission  shall  not  be  bound  by  any 
particular  code  or  rules  of  law  or  by  any 
particular  rule  of  evidence  or  of  procedure 
but  shall  be  guided  by  justice,  equity  and 
good  faith.  Its  decisions  must  follow  the 
same  principles  and  rules  in  all  cases  where 
they  are  applicable.  It  will  establish  rules 
relating  to  methods  of  proof  of  claims.  It 
may  act  on  any  trustworthy  modes  of  com- 
putation. o 

The  Commission  shall  have  all  the  powers 
conferred  upon  it.  and  shall  exercise  all  the 
functions  assigned  to  it.  by  the  present  Treaty. 

The  Commission  shall  in  general  have  wide 
latitude  as  to  its  control  and  handling  of  the 
whole  reparation  problem  as  dealt  with  in  this 
Part  of  the  present  Treaty  and  shall  have 
authority  to  interpret  its  provisions.  Sub- 
ject to  the  provisions  of  the  present  Treaty, 
the  Commission  is  constituted  by  the  several 
Allied  and  Associated  Governments  referred 
to  in  paragraphs  2  and  3  above  as  the  ex- 
clusive agency  of  the  said  governments  re- 
spectively for  receiving,  selling,  holding  and 
distributing  the  reparation  payments  to  be 
made  by  Germany  under  this  Part  of  the 
present  Treaty.  The  Commission  must  com- 
ply with  the  following  conditions  and  pro- 
visions : 

(a)  Whatever  part  of  the  full  amount  of 
the  proved  claims  is  not  paid  in  gold.  or.  in 
ships,  securi'.i  a  and  commodit'es  or  otherwise. 
Germany  shall  be  required.  und°r  such  con- 
ditions as  the  Commission  may  determine  to 
cover  by  way  of  gua-antee  by  an  equivalent 
issue  of  bonds,  obligations  or  otherwise,  in 
order  to  constitute  an  acknowledgment  of  the 
said  part  of  the  debt. 


(b)  In  periodically  estimating  Germany's  ca- 
pacity  to   pay.   the  Commission  shall  examine 
the   German   system   of    taxation   first,   to  the 
,        that   the  sums  for  reparation  which  Ger- 
many is  required  to  pay  shall  become  a  charge 
upon   all  her  revenues  prior   to    that   for   the 
service    or    discharge    of    any    domestic    loan, 
and.   secondly,   so   as  to   satisfy  itself   that,   in 
general,    the    German    scheme    of    taxation    is 
iully  as  heavy  proportionately  as  that  of  any 
of  the  powers  represented  on  the  Commission. 

(c)  In  order  to   facilitate   and   continue  the 
immediate  restoration  of  the  economic  life  of 
the  Allied  and  Associated  countries,  the  Com- 
mission will   as   provided  in  Article   235   take 
from    Germany    by    way    of    security    for    and 
acknowledgment  of  her  debt  a  first  instalment 
of    gold    bearer   bonds    free    of    all    taxes    and 
charges  of  every  description  established  or  to 
be  established  by  the  Government  of  the  Ger- 
man Empire   or  of  the   German  States,   or  by 
any    authority    subject    to    them:    these   bonds 
will  be  delivered  on  account  and  in  three  por- 
tions,   the   Marks   gold   being    payable    in   con- 
formity  with  Article  202   of  Part  IX    (Finan- 
cial   Clauses)    of    the    present   Treaty    as   fol- 

(1)  To  be  issued  forthwith.  20.000.000.000 
Marks    gold   bearer   bonds,    payable    not    later 
man   May   1.    1921.    wilhout   interest.      There 
shall  be  specially  applied  towards  the  amorti- 
sation   of    these    bonds    the    payments      which. 
Germany    is   pl-dged    to    make    in    conformity 
with  Article  235.  aft  r  d-duction  of  the  sums 
used  for  the  reimbursement  of  expenses  of  the 
armies  of  occupation  and  for  payment  of  food- 
stuffs   and    raw     mate-ials.       Such    bonds    as 
have  not  been  redeemed  by  May  1.  1921,  shall 
then  be  exchanged  for  new  bonds  of  the  same 
type  as  those  provided  for  below    (paragraph 
12,    (c)    (2).) 

(2)  To  be  issned  forthwith,  further  40.000.- 
000.000  Marks  gold  bearer  bonds,   bearing  in- 
terest  at  2  Vi  per  cent,  per   annum  between  1921 
and   1926.    and   thereafter   at   5   per  cent,   per 
annum    with    an    additional    1    per    cent,    for 
amortisation  beginning  in  1926  on  the  whole 
amount  of  th'*  issu"1. 

(3)  To  be  delivered  forthwith  a  covering  un- 
dertaking in   writing   to   issue   when,    but   not 
until,    the    Commission    is    satisfied    that    Ger- 
many can  meet  such  int^r^st  and  sinking  fund 
obligations,    a    further  instalment    of   40.000.- 
000.000  Marks  gold  5  per  cent,  bearer  bonds, 
the   time   and   mode  of   payment   of   principal 
and  interest  to  be  determined  by  the  Commis- 

The  dates  for  payment  of  interest,  the  man- 
ner of  applying  th<?  amortisation  fund,  and  all 
other  questions  relating  to  the  issue,  manage- 
ment and  regulation  of  the  bond  issue  shall 
be  determined  by  the  Commission  from  time 
to  time. 

Further  issues  by  way  of  acknowledgment 
and  security  mny  be  required  as  the  Commis- 
sion subsequently  determines  from  time  to 
time. 

(d)  In   the   event    of    bonds,    obligations   or 
other  evidence  of  indebtedness  issued  by   Ger- 
many by  way  of  security  for  or  acknowledg- 
ment of  her  reparation  d  bt  being  disposed  of 
outright,    not    by    way    of    pledge,    to    persons 
other  than  the  several  Governments  in  whose 
favour  Germany's  original  reparation  indebted- 
ness was  created,   an   amount  of  such  repara- 
tion indebtedness    shall   be   deemed    to   be   ex- 
tinguished, corresponding  to  the  nominal  value- 
of  the  bonds,  etc.,  so  disposed  of  outright,  and 
the  obligat  on  of  Germany  in  respect  of  such 
bonds    shall   be    confined    to   her   liabilities;    to> 
the   holders   of   the  bonds,   as  expressed  upon 
their  face. 

(e)  The  damage   for   repairing,    reconstruct- 


ing- and  rebuilding  property  in  the  invaded  a... 
devastated  districts,  including-  reinstallation  o 
furniture,  machinery  and  oth^r  eau'nment.  wil 


be    calculated    according-    to    the    cost    at 
dates  when  the  work  is  done. 

(f)   Decisions  of   the  Commission  relatinsrto 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


585 


the  total  or  partial  cancellation  of  the  capital 
or  interest  of  any  verified  debt  of  Germany 
must  be  accompanied  by  a  statement  of  its 
reasons. 

13. 

As  to  voting-,  the  Commission  will  observe 
the  following  rules: 

When  a  decision  of  the  Commission  is  taken. 
the  votes  of  all  the  Delegates  entitled  to  vote, 
or  in  the  absence  of  any  of  them,  of  their  As- 
sistant Delegates,  shall  be  recoided.  Absten- 
tion from  voting-  is  to  be  treated  as  a  vote 
ag-ainst  the  proposal  under  discussion.  Asses- 
sors have  no  vote. 

On  the  following-  questions  unanimity  is  nec- 
essarv : 

(a)  Questions    involving-    the    sovereis-ntv    of 
any    of   the    Allied   and   Associated   Powers     or 
the  cancellation,  of   the  whole   or  any  Part   of 
the  debt  or  obligations  of  Germany: 

(b)  Questions    of    determining-    the    amount 
and    condit  ons    of  bonds   or   other  obligations 
to  be  issued  by   the  German  Government   and 
of    fixing-    the    time    and    manner    for    selling-, 
negotiating-  or  distributing-  such  bonds: 

(c)  Any  postponement,    total  or  Partial    be- 
yond  the  end   of   1930.   of  the  payment  of  in- 
stalments   falling-    due   between  May    1.    1921. 
and  the  end  of  1926  inclusive: 

(d)  Any    postponement,    total   or  partial,    of 
any    instalment    falling-   due   after   1926   for   a 
period  exceeding-  three  years: 

(e)  Questions  of  applying-  in  any  particular 
case  a  method  of  measuring1  damag-es  different 
from   that   which   has  been  previously   rpplied 

i   similar  oase- 

f)    Questions    of    the   r'nterpretation    of    the 


in   a   similar  oase 

(f)    Questions    of    the   r'nterpretation    of    the 
provisions   of  this  Part  of  the  present  Treaty. 

by  the 


All   other  Questions  shall  be  decided 
vote  of  the  majority. 

In  case  of  any  difference  of  opinion  among- 
the  Deleg-ates.  which  cannot  be  solved  by 
reference  to  their  Governments,  upon,  the 
cuestion  whether  a  given  case  is  one  which  re- 
ouires  a  unanimous  vote  for  its  decision  or 
not.  such  difference  shall  be  referred  to  the 
immediate  arbitration  of  some  impartial  per- 
son to  be  agreed  upon  by  their  Governments, 
whose  award  the  Allied  and  Associated  Gov- 
ernments agree  to  accept. 
14. 

Decisions  of  the  Commission,  in  accordance 
with  the  powers  conferred  upon  it,  shall  forth- 
with become  binding;  and  may  be  put  into  im- 
mediate execution  without  further  proceedings. 

15. 

The  Commission  will  issue  to  each  of  the  in- 
terested Powers  in  such  form  as  the  Com- 
mission shall  fix: 

(1)  A    certificate    stating-   that    it   holds    for 
the   account    of    the   said   Power  bonds   of    the 
issues  mentioned  above,  the  said  certificate,  on 
the  demand  of  the  Power  concerned,  being-  di- 
visible  in   a   number   of    parts    not     exceeding- 
five: 

(2)  From    time    to    time    certificates    stating- 
the  g-oods  delivered  by  Germany  on  account  of 
her  reparation  debt  which  it  holds  for  the  ac- 
count  of  the  said   Power. 

The  said  certificates  shall  be  ree-istered.  and 
upon  notice  to  the  Commission,  may  be  trans- 
ferred by  endorsement. 

When  bonds  are  issued  for  sale  or  negotia- 
tion, and  when  g-oods  are  delivered  by  the 
Commission,  certificates  to  an  eauivalent  value 
must  be  withdrawn 

16. 

Interest  shall  be  debited  to  Germany  as  from 
May  1.  1921.  in  respect  of  her  debt  as  de- 
termined by  the  Commission,  after  allowing-  for 
sums  already  covered  by  cash  payments  or 
their  equivalent,  or  by  bonds  issued  to  the 
Commission,  or  under  Article  243.  The  rate 
of  interest  shall  be  5  per  cent,  unless  the 
Commission  shall  determine  at  some  future 
time  that  circumstances  justify  a  variation  of 
this  rate. 

The  Commission,  in  fixing-  on  May  1.  1921. 
the  total  amount  of  the  debt  of  Germany, 
may  take  account  of  interest  due  on  sums 
arising  out  of  the  reparation  of  material 


damage   as    from   November   11,    1918.    up    to 
May  1.   1921. 

In  case  of  default  by  Germany  in  the  per- 
formance of  any  obligation  under  this  Part  of 
the  present  Treaty,  the  Commission  will 
forthwith  give  notice  of  Buch  default  to  each 
of  the  interested  Powers  and  may  make  such 
recommendations  as  to  the  action  to  be  taken 
in  consequence  -of  such  default  as  it  may 
think  necessary, 

18. 

The  measures  which  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers  shall  have  the  right  to  take, 
in  case  of  voluntary  default  by  Germany, 
and  which  Germany  agr  ees  not  to  reg-ard  as 
acts  of  war.  may  include  economic  and  finan- 
cial prohibitions  and  reprisals  and  in  general 
such  other  measures  as  the  respective  Gov- 
ernments may  determine  to  be  necessary  in 
the  circumstances. 

19. 

Payments  required  to  be  made  in  /old  or 
its  equivalent  on  account  of  the  proved  claims 
of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  may  at 
any  time  be  accepted  by  the  Commission  in 
the  form  of  chattels,  properties,  commodities, 
businesses,  rig-hts.  concessions,  within  or  with- 
out German  territof-y.  ships,  bonds,  shares  or 
securities  of  any  kind,  or  currencies  of  Ger- 
many or  other  States,  the  value  of  such  sub- 
stitutes for  erold  beimr  fixed  at  a  fair  and 
just  amount  by  the  Commission  itself. 

The  Commission,  in  fixing-  or  accepting-  pay- 
ment in  specified  properties  or  rights,  .shall 
have  due  reg-ard  for  any  legal  or  equitable 
interests  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
or  of  neutral  Powers  or  of  their  nationals 
herein.  ^ 

No  member  of  the  Co'mmission  shall  be  .re- 
sponsible, except  to  the  Government  appoint- 
ing- him.  for  any  action  or  omission  as  such 
member.  No  one  of  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Governments  assumes  any  responsibility  in 
respect  of  any  other  Government. 
22. 

Subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  present 
Treaty  this  Annex  may  be  amended  by  the 
unanimous  decision  of  the  Governments  repre- 
sented from  time  to  time  upon  the  Com- 
mission. 23 

When  all  the  amounts  due  from  Germany 
and  her  allies  under  the  present  Treaty  or 
the  decisions  of  the  Commission  have  been 
discharged  and  all  sums  received,  or  their 
equivalents,  shall  have  been  distributed  to  the 
Powers  interested,  the  Commission  shall  be 

ANNEX  m. 

Germany  recognises  the  rig-ht  of  the  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers  to  the  replacement, 
ton  for  ton  (gross  tonnage)  and  class  for 
cl^ss.  of  all  merchant  ships  and  fishing-  boats 
lost  or  damag-ed  owing-  to  the  war. 

Nevertheless,  and  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
the  tonnag-e  of  German  shipping-  at  present 
in  existence  is  much  less  than  that  lost  by 
the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in  conse- 
quence of  the  German  ag-gression.  the  right 
thus  recognised  will  be  enforced  on  German 
ships  and  boats  under  the  following-  condi- 
tions: 

The  German  Government,  on  behalf  of 
themselves  and  so  as  to  bind  all  other  per- 
sons interested,  cede  to  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Governments  the  property  in  all  the 
German  merchant  ships  which  are  of  1.600 
tons  gross  and  upwards,  in  one-half,  reckoned 
in  tonnag-e.  of  the  ships  which  are  between 
1.000  tons  and  1.600  tons  gross:  in  one- 
quarter,  reckoned  in  tonnage,  of  the  steam 
trawlers,  and  in  one-quarter,  reckoned  in  ton- 
nag-e. of  the  other  fishing-  boats. 
2. 

The  German  Government  will,  within  two 
months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pros- 


686 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


ent  Treaty,  deliver  to  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission all  the  ships  and  boats  mentioned  in 
paragraph  1.  g 

The  ships  and  boats  mentioned  in  paragraph 
1  include  all  ships  and  boats  which  (a)  fly. 
or  may  be  entitled  to  fly.  the  German  mer- 
chant 'Rag:  or  (b)  are  owned  by .  any  uer- 
man  national,  company  or  corporation  or  by 
any  company  or  corporation  belonging1  to  a 
country  other  than  an  Allied  or  Associated 
country  and  under  the  control  or  direction 
of  German  nationals:  or  (c)  are  now  under 
construction  (1)  in  Germany.  (2)  in  other 
than  Allied  or  Associated  countries  for  the 
account  of  any  German  national,  company  or 
corporation. 

For  the  purpose  of  providing1  documents  of 
title  for  the  ships  and  boats  to  be  handed 
over  as  .above  mentioned  the  German  Govern- 

m1a)  Deliver  to  the  Reparation  Commission 
in  respect  of  each  vessel  a  bill  of  sale  or 
other  document  of  title  evidencing1  the  trans- 
fer to  the  Commission  of  the  entire  prop- 
erty in  the  vessel,  free  from  all  encum- 
brances, charges  and  liens  of  all  kinds,  as 
the  Commission  may  require: 

(b)    Take   all   measures   that   may   be   indi- 
cated by   the  Reparation   Commission  for  en- 
suring   that    the    ships    themselves    shall    be 
placed   at   its  disposal. 
5. 

As  an  additional  part  of  reparation.  Ger- 
many agrees  to  cause  merchant  ships  to  be 
built  in  German  yards  for  the  account  of 
the  Allied  and  Associaved  Governments  as  f  ol- 

(a)  Within    three    months    of    the    coming1 
into   force   of    the  present   Treaty,    the   Repa- 
ration Commission  will  notify  to  the  German 
Government  the  amount  of  tonnage  to  be  laid 
down    in    German    shipyards    in    each    of    the 
two  years  next   succeeding   the   three  months 
mentioned    above. 

(b)  Within    two  years  of   the  coming  into 
force    of    the    present    Trea/ty    the    Reparation 
Commission   will    notify   to    the    German   Gov- 
ernment   the    amount    of    tonnage    to    be    laid 
down    in    each    of    the    three    years    following 
the  two  years   mentioned  above. 

(c)  The  amount  of  tonnage  to  be  laid  down 
in   each  year   shall   not  exceed   200.000   tons, 
gross  tonnage. 

(d)  The    specifications   of    the   ships   to  be 
built,    the    conditions    under   which    they    are 
to  be  built   and  delivered,    the   price  per  ton 
at  which  they  are  to  be  accounted  for  by  the 
Reparation    Commission,    and    all    other    ques- 
tions   relating    to    the     accounting,      ordering, 
building   and   delivery   of   the    ships,    shall  be 
determined  by  the  Commission. 

Germany  undertakes  to  restore  in  kind  and  in 
normal  condition  of  upkeep  to  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers,  within  two  months  of  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  in 
accordance  with  procedure  to  be  laid  down  by 
the  Reparation  Commission,  any  boats  and 
other  movable  appliances  belonging  to  inland 
navigation  which  since  August  1.  1914.  have 
by  any  means  whatever  come  into  her  posses- 
sion or  into  the  possession  of  her  nationals, 
and  which  can  be  identified. 

With  a  view  to  make  good  the  loss  in  in- 
land navigation  tonnage,  from  whatever  cause 
arising,  which  has  been  incurred  during  the 
war  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  and 
vhich  cannot  be  made  good  by  means  of  the 
restitution  prescribed  above.  Germany  agrees 
to  cede  to  the  Reparation  Commission  a  por- 
tion of  the  German  river  fleet  up  to  the 
amount  of  the  loss  mention-ed  above,  provided 
that  such  cession  shall  not  exceed  20  per  cent. 
of  the  river  fleet  as  it  existed  on  November 
11.  1918. 

The  conditions  of  this  cession  shall  be  set- 
tled by  the  arbitrators  referred  to  in  Article 
339  of  Part  XII  (Ports.  Waterways  and  Rail- 
ways) of  the  present  Treaty,  who  are  charged 
with  the  settlement  of  difficulties  relating  to 


the  apportionment  of  river  tonnage  resulting 
from  the  new  international  regime  applicable 
to  certain  river  systems  or  from  the  territorial 
changes  affecting-  those  systems. 

Germany  agrees  to  take  any  measures  that 
may  be  indicated  to  her  by  the  Reparation 
Commission  for  obtaining  the  full  title  to  the 
property  in  all  ships  which  have  during  the 
war  been  transferred,  or  are  in  process  of 
transfer,  to  neutral  flags,  without  the  consent 
of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Governments. 

8. 

t  Germany  waives  all  claims  of  any  descrip- 
tion against  the  Allied  and  Associated  Gov- 
ernments and  their  nationals  in  respect  of  the 
detention,  employment,  loss  or  damage  of  any 
German  ships  or  boats,  exception  being  made 
of  payments  due  in  respect  of  the  employ- 
ment of  ships  in  conformity  with  the  Armi- 
stice Agreement  of  January  13,  1919.  and 
subsequent  Agreements. 

The  handing  over  of  the  ships  of  the  Ger- 
man mercantile  marine  must  be  continued 
without  interruption  in  accordance  with  the 
said  Agreement. 

9. 

Germany  waives  all  claims  to  vessels  or  car- 
goes sunk  by  or  in  consequence  of  naval  ac- 
tion and  subsequently  salved,  in  which  any 
of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Governments  or 
their  nationals  may  have  any  interest  either 
as  owners,  charterers,  insurers  or  otherwise, 
notwithstanding  any  decree  of  condemnation 
which  may  have  been  made  by  a  Prize  Court 
of  Germany  or  of  her  allies. 
ANNEX  IV. 
1. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  require. 
and  Germany  undertakes,  that  in  part  satisfac- 
tion of  her  obligations  expressed  in  the  pres- 
ent Part  she  will,  as  hereinafter  provided,  de- 
vote her  econonrc  resources  directly  to  the 
physical  restoration  of  the  invaded  areas  of 
the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  to  the  ex- 
tent that  these  Powers  may  determine. 
2. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  mar 
file  with  the  Reparation  Commission  lists 
fihowiner  : 

(a)  Animals     machinery,     equipment,     tools 
and   like    articles   of    a   commercial     character. 
which  have  been  seized,  consumed  or  destroyed 
bv  Germany  or  destroyed  in  direct  consequence 
of    military    operations,    and   which    such    Gov- 
ernments.   for   the   purpose   of    meet'ner   imme- 
diate and  urgent  needs,  desire  to  have  replaced 
b.v    animals    and    articles    of    the    same    nature 
which  are  in  being  in  German  territory  at  the 
date  of  the  coming  into   force  of    the  present 
Treaty  • 

(b)  Reconstruction  materials  (stones   bricks 
refractory    bricks,    tiles,     wood,     window-glass 
steel     lime,    cement,    etc  )     machinery,    heating 
apparatus,     furniture    and    like    articles    of    a 
commercial   character  which   the  spid   Govern- 
ments desire   to  have   produced   and   manufac- 
tured   in    Germany    and   delivered,  to    them    to 
permit  of  the  restoration  of  the  invaded  areas. 

3. 

The  lists  relating  to  the  articles  mentioned 
in  2  (a)  above  shpll  be  fi  ed  within  sixty  days 
after  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 

The  lists  relating  to  the  articles  in  2  (b) 
above  shall  be  filed  on  or  before  December  31. 

'The  lists  shall  contain  all  such  details  as 
are  customary  in  commercial  contracts  de/Umer 
with  the  subject  manner,  including  specifica- 
tions. dates  of  delivery  (but  not  extendmer 
over  more  than  four  years)  and  places  of  de- 
livery. but  not  price  or  value  which  shall 
fixed  a^  hereinafter  provided  by  the  Commis- 


sion 


Immediately    upon    the    filing    of.  'such     lists 
with    the    Commission,    the    Commission    shall 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


587 


consider  the  amount,  and  number  of  the  ma- 
terials and  animals  mentioned  in  the  lists  pro- 
vided for  above  which  are  to  be  reauired  of 
Germany.  In  reaching:  a  decision  on  this  mat- 
ter the  Commission  shall  take  into  account 
*uch  domestic  reauirements  of  Germany  as  it 
deems  essential  for  the  maintenance  oi  Ger- 
many's social  and  economic  life,  the  t>riees  and 
dates  at  which  similar  articles  can  be  obtained 
in  the  Allied  and  Associated  countries  as  com- 
nared  with  those  to  be  fixed  for  German  art>- 
cles.  and  the  ereneral  interest  of  the  Allied  an^ 
Associated  Governments  that  the  industrial 
life  of  Germany  be  not  so  disorganized  as  to 
affect  adversely  the  ability  of  Germany  to  per- 
form the  other  acts  of  reparation  stipulated 
for 

Machinery,  eauipment.  tools  and  like  arti- 
cles of  a  commercial  character  in  actual  in- 
dustrial use  are  not.  however,  to  be  demanded 
of  Germany  unless  there  is  no  free  stock  of 
such  articles  respectively  which  is  not  in  use 
rand  is  available,  and  then  not  in  excess  of 
'thirty  per  cent  of  the  quantity  of  such  arti- 
cles in  use  in  any  one  establishment  or  under- 
taking1. 

The  Commission  shall  give  representatives 
of  the  German  Government  an  opportunity 
and  a  time  to  be  heard  as  to  their  capacity 
to  furnish  the  said  materials,  articles  and 
animals. 

The  decision  of  the  Commission  shall  there- 
upon and  at  the  earliest  possible  moment  be 
communicated  to  the  German  Government 
and  to  the  several  interested  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Governments. 

The  German  Government  undertakes  to  de- 
liver the  materials,  articles  and  animals  asi 
specified  in  the  said  communication,  and  the 
interested  Allied  and  Associated  Governments 
severally  agree  to  accept  the  same,  provided 
they  conform  to  the  specification  given,  or 
are  not.  in  the  judgment  of  the  Commission, 
unfit  to  be  utilized  in  the  work  of  repara- 
tion. 

5. 

The  Commission  shall  determine  the  value 
to  be  attributed  to  the  materials,  articles 
and  animals  to  be  delivered  in  accordance 
with  the  foregoing-,  and  the  Allied  or  Asso- 
ciated Power  receiving-  the  same  agrees  to  be 
charged  with  such  value,  and  the  amount 
thereof  shall  be  treated  as  a  payment  by 
Germany  to  be  divided  in  accordance  with 
Article  237  of  this  part  of  the  present  Treaty. 

In  cases  where  the  right  to  require  phys- 
ical restoration  as  above  provided  is  exer- 
cised, the  Commission  shall  ensure  that  the 
amount  to  be  credited  against  the  reparation 
obligation  of  Germany  shall  be  the  fair  value 
of  work  done  or  materials  supplied  by  Ger- 
many, and  that  the  claim  made  by  the  inter- 
ested Power  in  respect  of  the  damage  so  re- 
paired by  physical  restoration  shall  be  dis- 
charged to  vhe  extent  of  the  proportion  which 
the  damage  thus  repaired  bears  to  the  whole 
of  the  damage  thus  claimed  for. 
6. 

As  an  immediate  advance  on  account  of  the 
animals  referred  to  in  paragraph  2  (a)  above. 
Germany  undertakes  to  deliver  in  equal 
monthly  instalments  in  the  three  months  fol- 
lowing- tho  Doming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  following-  quantities  of  live  stock: 

(1)  To   the  French  Government. 
500  stallions    (3  to  7  years)  : 

30.000  fillies  and  mares  (18  months  to  7 
years),  type:  Ardennais.  Boulon- 
nais  or  Belgian; 

2.000  bulls   (18  months  to  3  years)  : 
90.000  milch  cows    (2  to  6  years)  • 

1.000  rams: 

100.000  sheep; 

10,000  goats; 

(2)  To  the  Belgian   Government. 

200   stallions    (3   to    7   years),    large  Bel- 
gian type; 


5.000  mares    (3   to   7  years),    large   Belgian 

5.000  fillies  '(18  months  to   3  years)     large 

Belgian   type: 

2.000  bulls    (18   months  to  3  years)  ; 
50.000  milch  cows    (2    to   6  years)  : 
40.000  heifers: 

200  rams; 
20.000  sheep; 
15,000  sows: 

The  animals  delivered  shall  be  of  average 
health  and  condition. 

To  the  extent  that  animals  so  delivered  can- 
not be  identified  as  animals  taken  away  or 
seized,  the  value  of  such  animals  shall  be 
credited  asainst  the  reparation  obligations  of 
Germany  in  accordance  with  paragraph  5  of 
this  Annex. 

Without  waiting  for  the  decisions  of  the 
Commission  referred  to  in  paragraph  4  of  this 
Annex  to  be  taken.  Germany  must  continue 
the  delivery  to  France  of  the  agricultural  ma- 
terial referred  to  in  Article  III  of  the  renewal 
dated  January  16.  1919.  of  the  Armistice. 

ANNEX  V. 
1. 

Germany  accords  the  following1  options  for 
the  delivery  of  coal  and  derivatives  of  coal  to 
the  undermentioned  signatories  of  the  present 
Treaty. 

Germany  undertakes  to  deliver  to  France 
seven  million  tons  of  coal  per  year  for  ten 
years.  In  addition,  Germany  undertakes  to 
deliver  to  France  annually  for  a  period  not 
exceeding  ten  years  an  amount  of  coal  equal 
to  the  difference  between  the  annual  produc- 
tion before  the  war  of  the  coal  mines  of  the 
Nord  and  Pas  de  Calais,  destroyed  as  a  result 
of  the  war.  and  the  production  of  the  mines 
of  the  same  area  during-  the  years  in  question : 
such  delivery  not  to  exceed  twenty  million 
tons  in  any  one  year  of  the  first  five  years, 
and  eiprht  million  tons  in  any  one  year  of  the 
succeeding  five  years. 

It  is   understood  that  due  dilig-ence   will   bp 
rxnrcised   in    the   restoration    of    the  destroyed 
mines  in  the  Nord  and  the  Pas  de  Calais. 
3. 

Germany  undertakes  to  deliver  to  Belgium 
eight  million  tons  of  coal  annually  for  ten 
years. 

Germany  undertakes  to  deliver  to  Italy  up 
to  the  following  quantities  of  coal. 

July.  1919.  to  June.  1920 4. 500^00 

July.  1920.  to  June.  1921 6.000,000 

July.  1921.  to  June.  3922 7.500,000 

July.   1922.  to  June  1923 8.000, OOO 

July,   1923.   to  June.  1924 8.500.000 

and  each  of  the  following-  five  years. 8,500,000 

At  least  two-thirds  of  the  actual  deliveries 
to  be  land-borne. 

5. 

Germany  further  undertakes  to  deliver  annu- 
ally to  Luxemburg,  if  directed  by  the  Repara- 
tion Commission,  a  quantity  of  coal  equal  to 
the  pre-war  annual  consumption  of  German 
coal  in  Luxemburg. 

6. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  for  coal  delivered  un- 
der these  options  shall  be  as  follows: 

(a)  For    overland    delivery,    including1   deliv- 
ry    by    barge,    the    German    pithead    price    to 

German  nationals,   plus  'the   freight   to  French. 
Belgian.    Italian   or  Luxemburg   frontiers,   pro- 
vided  that    the   pithead   price  does   not  exceed 
the   pithead   price    of    British   coal    for  export, 
[n  the  case  of  Belgian  bunker  coal,   the  price 
shall   not  exceed  the  Dutch  bunker  price. 
Railroad  and  barge  tariffs  shall  not  be  high, 
r  than   the  lowest   similar  rates  paid  in  Ger- 
many 

(b)  For   sea   delivery,    the    German      export 
price   f.    o.   b.    German   ports,    or   the   British 


588 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


export  price  f.  o.  b.  British  ports,   whicheve: 
may  be  lower. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  in 
lerested  may  demand  the  delivery  in  place 
of  coal,  of  metallurgical  coke  in  the  proper 
tion  of  three  tons  of  coke  to  four  tons  o: 
coal. 

o. 

Germany    undertakes    to    deliver   to    France 
and    to    transport    to    the   French    frontier   by 
rail  or  by  watep.  the  follow" 
three    ye 


.__   following-  products,  dur 

ing    each    of    the    three    years    following    the 
coming  into  force  of  this  Treaty: 


Tons 

Benzol    35.000 

Coal  tar   50.00C 

Sulphate   of    ammonia 30.000 

All  or  part  of  the  coal  tar  may.  at  the 
option  of  the  French  Government,  be  re- 
placed by  corresponding  quantities  of  prod- 
ucts of  distillation,  such  as  light  oils,  heavy 
oils,  anthracene,  naphthalene  or  Ditch. 
9. 

The  price  paid  for  coke  and  for  the  articles 
referred  to  in  the  preceding  paragraph  shall 
be  the  same  as  the  price  Paid  by  German 


ship- 

Ger- 

and    shall   be    subject  "to  "any   ad- 
rhich     may_  be     accorded     similar 


nationals  under  the   same   conditions  p 

ment   to   the   French   frontier  or   to 

man   ports. 

vantages     whic 

products  furnished  to  German  nationals. 

10. 

The  foregoing  options  shall  be  exercised 
through  the  intervention  of  the  Reparation 
Commission,  which,  subject  to  the  specific 
provisions  hereof,  shall  have  power  to  deter 
mine  all  questions  relative  to  procedure  and 
the  qualities  and  quantities  of  products,  the 
quantity  of  coke  which  may  be  substituted 
for  coal,  and  the  times  and  modes  of  delivery 
and  payment.  In  giving  notice  to  the  Ger- 
man Government  of  the  foregoing  options  the 
Commission  shall  give  at  least  120  days'  notice 
of  deliveries  to  be  made  after  January  1. 
1920.  and  at  least  30  days'  notice  of  de- 
liveries to  be  made  between  the  coming  into 
force  of  this  Treaty  and  January  1.  1920. 
Until  Germany  has  received  the  demands  re- 
ferred to  in  this  paragraph,  the  provisions 
of  the  Protocol  of  December  25.  1918  (Exe- 
cution of  Article  VI  of  the  Armistice  of 
November  11.  1918)  remain  in  force.  The 
notice  to  be  given  to  the  German  Government 
of  the  exercise  of  the  right  of  substitution 
accorded  by  paragraphs  7  and  8  shall  be  such 
as  the  Reparation  Commission  may  consider 
sufficient.  If  the  Commission  shall  determine 
that  the  full  exercise  of  the  foregoing  options 
would  interfere  unduly  with  the  industrial 
requirements  of  Germany,  the  Commission  is 
authorised  to  postpone  or  to  cancel  deliveries, 
and  in  so  doing  to  settle  all  questions  of 
priority:  but  the  coal  to  replace  coal  from 
destroyed  mines  shall  receive  priority  over 
other  deliveries. 

ANNEX  VI. 
1. 

Germany  accords  to  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission an  option  to  require  as  part  of  rep- 
aration the  delivery  by  Germany  of  such 
quantities  and  kinds  of  dyestuffs  and  chem- 
ical drugs  as  the  Commission  may  designate, 
not  exceeding  50  per  cent,  of  the  total  stock 
of  each  and  every  kind  of  dyestuff  and  chem- 
ical drug  in  Germany  or  under  German  con- 
trol at  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty. 

This  option  shall  be  exercised  within  sixty 
•days  of  the  receipt  by  the  Commission  of 
such  particulars  as  to  stocks  as  may  be  con- 
sidered necessary  by  the  Commission. 

Germany  further  accords  to  the  Reparation 
Commission  an  eption  to  require  delivery  dur- 
ing the  period  from  the  date  of  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  until  January 
1.  1920.  and  during  each  period  of  six  months 


thereafter  until  January  1.  1925.  of  any  speci- 
nea  kind  of  dyestuff  and  chemical  drug  up 
to  an  amount  not  exceeding-  25  per  cent  of 
the  German  production  of  such  dyestuffs  and 
chemical  drugs  during  the  previous  six  months 
period.  If  in  any  case  the  production  during- 
such  previous  six  months  was.  in  the  opinion 
of  the  Commission,  less  than  normal,  the 
amount  required  may  be  25  per  cent,  of  the 
normal  production. 

Such  option  shall  be  exercised  within  four 
weeks  after  the  receip.t  of  such  particulars 
as  to  production  and  in  such  form  as  may 
be  considered  necessary  by  the  Commission- 
these  particulars  shall  be  furnished  by  the 
German  Government  immediately  after  the  ex- 
piration, of  each  six  months  period. 

o 

For  dyestuffs   and   chemical   drugs  delivered 

under   paragraph    1.    the   price    shfll   be    fixed 

by  the  Commission,   having  regard  to  pre-war 

f     export  prices  and  to  subsequent  increases 

For  dyestuffs    and   chemical   drugs  delivered 
under   paragraph    2.    the   price    shall   be    fixed 
Commission,  having  ^egard  to  pre-war 
net    export    prices    and    subsequent    variations 
i  °r  * l  «e    lowest    net    selling    price    of 
other  purchaser!   &nd  chenucal  *™**   to    any 

^  •  detaijs-  including*  mode  and  times  of 
exercising  the  options,  and  making  delivery 
and  all  other  questions  arising  under •  this 
arrangement  shall  be  determined  by  the  Repa- 
ration Commission:  the  German  Government 
will  furnish  to  the  Commission  all  necessary 
information  and  other  assistance  which  it  may 


require. 


5. 


sale. 


present 


ANNEX  VII. 

Germany  renounces  on  her  own  behalf  and 
(n  behalf  of  her  nationals  in  favour  of  the 
"htTrt !Allied  and  Associated  Powers  all 
ights.  titles  or  privileges  of  whatever 
set  out 


Teneriffe    to 


Germai 


Vigo-  ">:   fr°m   the   Straits  of  D»ver  to 
Jen-Brest:   from   off  Cherbourg  to   Brest- 
^nenffe:    from    off    Dunkirk    to    off 

(1) :     from    the    Straits     of 
from    the    Straits     of 
ew  York    (1):  from  Fayal  to  New 


eneriffe; 
Emden-j 


Azores 
Dover  to  Fayal  ; 

Emden-Azores     (2)  : 
)over  to  Fayal- 
Azores-Ne1 
brk; 


Monrovia-Lome : 
from  about....  {jj^ 

to  about )  jo^o 

and  from  about 


:2°  30' N- : 


Lome-Duala:  from  Lome  to  Duala- 

from  °ff  ' 


from 


Yap-Shanerhai 
(Cele 


Yap-G 
rom  Y 

from  Yap  Island  to  Guam 
sl 


Yao 


fro 

land 

and  to  Mena-do 


uam    a 
ap  Islan 


ado 


nd     Yao-Menad 
nd  to  Shanghai 
Island,  and  fro 
- 

,£*£.  valUe  of  -the  above  mentioned  cables  or 
portions  thereof  in  so  far  as  they  are  privately 
owned,  calculated  on  the  basis  of  the  original 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


589 


'  Section  II. 

SPECIAL  PROVISIONS. 

Article  245. 

Within  six  months  after  the  coming-  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  the  German  Gov- 
ernment must  restore  to  the  French  Govern- 
ment the  troohies.  archives,  historical  souve- 
nirs or  works  of  art  carried  away  from  France 
b.v  the  German  authorities  in  the  course  of  the 
war  of  1870-1871  and  during  this  last  war.  in 
accordance  with  a  list  which  will  be  communi- 
cated to  it  by  the  French 'Government;  partic- 
ularly the  French  flag's  taken  in  the  course 
of  the  war  of  1870-1871  and  all  the  political 
papers  taken  by  the  German  authorities  on 
October,  10.  1870,  at  the  chateau  of  Cercay 
near  Brunoy  (Seine-et-Oise),  belonging;  at  the 
time  to  Mr.  Rouher.  formerly  Minister  of 

Article  246. 

Within  eix  months  from  the  coming:  into 
force  of  the  present  TieaLv.  Germany  will  re- 
store to  His  Majesty  the  King  of  the  Hedjaz 
the  original  Koran  of  the  Caliph  Othman. 
which  was  removed  from  Medina  by  the  Turk- 


ish authorities  and  is  stated  to  have  been  pre- 
sented to  the  ex-Emperor  William  II. 

Within  the  same  period  Germany  will  hand 
over  to  Eis  Britannic  Majesty  s  Government 
the  skull  of  the  Sultan  Mkwawa.  which  was 
removed  from  the  Protectorate  of  German 
East  Africa  and  taken  to  Germany. 

The  delivery  of  the  articles  above  referred  to 
will  be  effected  in  -such  place  and  in  such  con- 
ditions  as   may  be   laid   down  by   the   Govern- 
ments to  which  they  are  to  be  restored. 
Article  247. 

Germany  undertakes  to  furnish  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Louvain.  within  three  months  after 
a  request  made  by  it  and  transmitted  through 
the  intervention  of  the  Reparation  Commis- 
sion manuscripts,  incunabula,  printed  hooks, 
maps  and  objects  of  collection  corresponding 
in  number  and  value  to  those  destroyed  in  the 
burning  by  Germany  of  the  Library  of  Lou- 
vain. All  details  regarding1  such  replacement 
w;ill  be  determined  by  the  Reparation  Commis- 

Germany  undertakes  to  deliver  to  Belgium, 
through  the  Reparation  Commission,  within 
six  months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty,  in  order  to  enable  Belgium  to 
reconstitute  two  great  artistic  works: 

(1)  The  leaves  of  the  triptych  of  the  Mys- 
tic Lamb  painted  by  the  Van  Eyck  brothers, 
formerly    in     the    Church     of     St.     Bavon    at 
Ghent,   now  in  the  Berlin  Museum: 

(2)  The  leaves  of  the  triptych  of  the  Last 
Supper,    painted    by    Dierick    Bouts,    formerly 
in    the   Church  of   St.    Peter   at   Louvain.   two 
of  which  are  now  in  the  Berlin  Museum  and 
two  in  the  Old  Pinakothek  at  Munich. 

PART  IX. 
FINANCIAL  CLAUSES. 

Article  248. 

Subject  to  such  exceptions  as  the  Repara- 
tion Commission  may  approve,  a  first  charge 
upon  all  the  assets  and  revenues  of  the  Ger- 
man Empire  and  its  constituent  States  shall 
be  the  cost  of  reparation  and  all  other  costs 
arising  under  the  present  Treaty  or  any  trea- 
ties or  agreements  supplementary  thereto  or 
under  arrangements  concluded  between  Ger- 
many and  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
during  the  Armistice  or  its  extensions. 

Up  to  May  1.  1921.  the  German  Govern- 
ment shall  not  export  or  dispose  of.  and 
shall  forbid  the  export  or  disposal  of  erold 
without  the  previous  approval  of  the  'Allied 
and  Associated  Powers  acting  through  the 
Reparation  Commission. 

Article  249. 

There   shall   be   paid   by    the    German   Gov- 
ernment  the   total   cost   of   all   armies   of   the 
md   Associated    Governments   in    occu- 


pied   German  territory    from 
signature    of    the   Armistice    of 


the  date   of    the 

Nc 


1918.  including  the  keep  of  "men  and  beasts! 
lodging  and  billeting,  pay  and  allowances 
salaries  and  wages,  bedding,  heating,  lighting 
clothing,  equipment,  harness  and  saddlery 
armament  and  rolling  stock,  air  services' 
treatment  of  sick  and  wounded,  veterinary  and 
remount  services,  transport  service  of  all  sorts 
(such  as  by  rail,  sea  or  river,  motor  lorries) 
communications  and  correspondence,  and  in 
general  the  cost  of  all  administrative  or  tech- 
nical services  the  working  of  which  is  neces- 
sary for  the  training  of  t;oops  and  for  keep- 
ing their  numbers  up  to  strength  and  preserv- 
ing their  military  efficiency. 

The  cost  of  such  liabilities  under  the  above 
heads  so  far  as  they  relate  to  purchases  or 
requisitions  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Gov- 
ernments in  the  occupied  territories  shall  be 
paid  by  the  German  Government  to  the  Allied 
and  Associated  Governments  in  marks  at  the 
current  or  agreed  ^fe  of  exchange.  All  other 
of  the  above  costs  shall  be  paid  in  gold  marks. 
Article  250. 

Germany  confirms  the  surrender  of  all  ma- 
terial handed  over  to  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  in  accordance  with  the  Armistice  of 
November  11,  1918,  and  subsequent  Armistice 
Agreements,  and  recognises  the  title  of  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  to  such  ma- 
terial. 

There  shall  be  credited  to  the  German  Gov- 
ernment, against  the  sums  due  from  it  to  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  for  reparation, 
the  value,  as  assessed  by  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission, referred  to  in  Article  233  of  Part 
VIII  (Reparation)  of  the  present  Treaty,  of 
the  material  handed  over  in  accordance  with 
Article  VII  of  the  Armistice  of  November  11, 
1918.  or  Article  III  of  the  Armistice  Agree- 
ment of  January  16,  1919.  as  well  as  of  any 
other  material  handed  over  in  accordance  with 
the  Armistice  of  November  11.  1918.  and  of 
subsequent  Armistice  Agreements,  for  which. 
a,s  having  nonmilitary  value,  credit  should  in 
the  judgment  of  the  Reparation  Commission  be 
allowed  to  the  German  Government. 

Property  belonging  to  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Governments  or  their  nationals  restored 
or  surrendered  under  the  Armistice  Agreements 
in  specie  shall  not  be  credited  to  the  German 
Government. 

Article  251. 

The   priorit 

Article  248  

made  below,  be  as   

(a)  The  cost  of  the  armies  of  occupation  as 
defined  under  Article  249  during  the  Armistice 
and   its  extensions: 

(b)  The  cost  of  any  armies  of  occupation  as 
defined    under    Article    249    after    the    coming- 
into    force   of   the   present  Treaty:  ^ 

(c)  The    cost    of    reparation    arising'   out    of 
the  present  Treaty  or  any  treaties  or  conven- 
tions  supplementary  thereto: 

(d)  The  cost  of  all  other  obligations  incum- 
bent   on    Germany    under    the    Armistice    Con- 
ventions or  under  this  Treaty  or  any  treaties 
or  conventions  supplementary  thereto. 

The  payment  for  such  supplies  of  food  and 
raw  material  for  Germany  and  such  other  pay- 
ments as  may  be  judged  by  the  Allied  and  As- 
sociated Powers  to  be  essential  to  enable  Ger- 
many to  meet  her  obligations  in  respect  of 
reparation  will  have  priority  to  the  extent 
and  upon  the  conditions  which  have  been  or 
may  be  determined  by  the  Governments  of  the 
said  Powers. 

Article  252. 

.The  right  of  each  of  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers  to  dispose  of  enemy  assets  and 
property  within  its  jurisdiction  at  th-e  date  of 
the  com'ng  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  i» 
not  affected  by  the  foregoing  provisions. 
Article  258. 

Nothing  in  the  foregoing  provisions  shall 
prejudice  in  any  manner  charges  or  mort- 
gages lawfully  effected  in  favour  of  the  Allied 


ity  of  the  charges  established  by 
shall,  subject  to  the  qualifications 
"ollo\ 


590 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


or  Associated  Powers  or  their  nationals  re- 
spectively, before  the  date  at  which  a  state 
of  war  existed  between  Germany  and  the  Al- 
lied or  Associated  Power  concerned,  by  the  Ger- 
man Empire  or  its  constituent  States,  or  by 
German  nationals,  on  assets  in  their  owner- 
fchip  at  that  date. 

Article  251. 

The  Powers  to  which  German  territory  is 
ceded  shall,  subject  to  the  Qualifications  made 
in  Article  255,  undertake  to  pay: 

(1)  A  portion   of   the  debt  of  the  German 
Empire  as  it   stood  on  August   1.    1914.    cal- 
culated on  the  basis  of  the  ratio  between  the 
average    for    the    three    financial    years    1911. 
1912.    1913,    of    such    revenues    of   the   ceded 
territory,  and  the  average  for  the  same  years 
of  such  revenues  of  the  whole  German  Empire 
as  in    the   judgment   of    the  Reparation   Com- 
mission   are   best  calculated   to   represent   the 
relative  ability  of  the  respective  territories  to 
make  payment: 

(2)  A   portion   of  the  debt   as  it  stood  on 
August    1.    1914,    of    the    German    State    to 
which  the  ceded  territory  belonged,  to  be  de- 
termined in  accordance     with      the     principle 
stated  above. 

Such  portions!  shall  be  determined  by  the 
Reparation  Commission. 

The  method  of  discharging-  the  oblig-ation 
both  in  respect  of  capital  and  of  interest,  so 
assumed  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission. Such  method  may  take  me  form, 
inter  alia,  of  the  assumption  of  the  Power  to 
which  the  territory  is  ceded  of  Germany's  lia- 
bility for  the  German  d~bt  held  by  her  na- 
tionals. But  in  the  event  of  the  method 
adopted  involving1  any  payments  to  the,  Ger- 
man Government,  such  payments  shall 
transferred  to  the  Reparation  Commission  on 
account  of  the  sums  due  for  reparation  so  long- 
as  any  balance  in  respect  of  such  sums  re- 
mains unpaid. 

Article  255. 

(1)  As  an  exception  to  the  above  provision 
and  inasmuch  as  in  1871  Germany  refused  to 
undertake  any  portion  of  the  burden  of  the 
French  debt.  France  shall  be.  in  resnect  of  Al- 
sace-Lorraine, exempt  from  any  payment  under 
Artio  e_~.  ...^  ^^  ^f  Poland  that  portion  of 

'n  the  opinion  of  the  Reoai 
mission.   is_attributable_to  the  mea'9- 


(2)  In  the  ca 
the  debt  which, 
tioa  Commission 


ra- 

„..„„  „ , 

ures  taken  by  the  German  and  Prussian  Gov- 
ernments for  the  German  colonisation  of  Po- 
land shall  be  excluded  from  the  apportionment 
to  be  made  under  Article  254. 


in  the  opinion  of  the  Reparation  Commission 

by  the  Government 
>r  States  upon   the 


represents  expenditure  by  the  Governments  of 
Empire   or  States  upon   the   Gov- 
ernment properties  referred  to  in  Article  256 


the   German  Empire 


shall  be  excluded  from  the  apportionment   to 
be  made  under  Article  254. 
Article  256. 

Powers  to  which  German  territory  is  ceded 
shall  acauire  all  property  and  possessions  sit- 
uated therein  belonerinar  to  the  German  Em- 
pire or  to  the  German  States,  and  the  value  of 
such  acquisitions  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Repara- 
tion Commission,  and  paid  by  the  State  ac- 
auiriner  the  territory  to  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission for  the  credit  of  the  German  Govern- 
ment on  account  of  the  sums  due  for  repara- 
tion. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  Article  the  property 
Germajn    Empire    and 


e_prop- 


States  shall  be  deemed  to  include  _ 
erty  of   the  Crown,   the  Empire  or  the  States 
and  the  private  property   of   the  former  Ger- 
man Emperor  and  other  Royal  personages. 
In  view   of, the  terms  on  which   Alsaoe-Lor- 
in    1871. 


raine  was  ceded   to   Germany 


Franc 


shall  be  exempt  in  respect  thereof  from  mak- 
iner  any  payment  or  credit  under  this  Article 
for  anv  property  or  possessions  of  the  German 
Empire  or  States  situated  therein. 

Belsrium   also   shall   be  exempt  from  making- 
any  payment   or  credit  under  this  Article  for 


any   property    or   possessions   of    the     German 

Empire  orStates  situated  in  German  territory 

ceded   to  Belgium   under  the  present  Treaty. 

Article  257. 

In  the  case  of  the  former  German  terri- 
tories, including-  colonies  protectorates  or  de- 
pendencies, administered  by  a  Mandatory  un- 
der Article  22  of  Part  I  (League  of  Nations) 
of  the  present  Treaty,  neither  the  territory 
nor  the  Mandatory  Power  shall  be  charged 
with  any  portion  of  the  debt  of  the  German 
Empire  or  States. 

All  property  and  possessions  belonging  to 
the  German  Empire  or  to  the  German  States 
situated  in  such  territories  shall  be  trans- 
ferred with  the  territories  to  the  Mandatory 
Power  in  its  capacity  as  such  and  no  payment 
shall  be  made  nor  any  credit  given  to  those 
Governments  in  cons.deration  of  this  transfer. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  Article  the  prop- 
erty and  possessions  of  the  German  Empire 
and  of  the  German  States  shall  be  deemed  to 
include  all  the  property  of  the  Crown,  the 
Empire  or  the  States  and  the  private  property 
of  the  Former  German  Emperor  and  other 
Royal  personages. 

Article  258. 

Germany  renounces  all  rights  accorded  to 
her  or  her  nationals  by  treaties,  conventions 
or  agreements,  of  whatsoever  kind,  to  repre- 
sentation upon  or  participation  in  the  con- 
trol or  administration  of  commissions,  state 
banks,  agencies  or  other  financial  or  economic 
organisations  of  an  international  character, 
exercising-  powers  of  control  or  administration, 
and  operating1  in  any  of  the  Allied  or  Asso- 
ciated States,  or  in  Austria.  Hungary.  Bul- 
g-aria  or  Turkey,  or  in  the  dependencies  of 
these  States,  or  in  the  former  Russian  Em- 
pire. 

Article  259. 

(1)  Germany   agrees  to   deliver  within   one 
month  from  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force 
of    the  present   Treaty,    to   such    authority    as 
the    Principal    Allied    and    Associated    Powers 
may   designate    the    sum    in    gold    which    was 
to  be  deposited  in  the  Reichsbank  in  the  name 
of   the   Council  of   the   Administration   of   the 
Ottoman  Public  Debt  as  security  for  the  first 
issue  of  Turkish   Government  currency   notes. 

(2)  Germany    recognises    her    obligation    to 
make  annually  for  the  period  of  twelve  yeara 
the   payments  in  gold  for  which   provision   i« 
made  in  the  German  Treasury  Bonds  deposit- 
ed by  her  from  time  to  time  in  the  name  of 
the  Council  of  the  Administration  of  the  Otto- 
man Public  Debt   as  security   for  the   second 
and  subsequent  issues  of  Turkish  Government 
currency  notes. 

(3)  Germany  undertakes  to  deliver,  within 
one  month  from  the  coming-  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty,  to  such,  authority  as  the  Prin- 
cipal Allied  and  Associated  Powers  may  des- 
ignate,   the    gold    deposit    constituted    in    the 
Reichsbank  or  elsewhere,  representing  the  resi- 
due of  the  advance  in  gold  agreed  to  on  May 
5.    1915.    by   the   Council    of    the   Administra- 
tion of  the  Ottoman  Public  Debt  to  the  Im- 
perial Ottoman  Government. 

(4)  Germany  agrees  to  transfer  to  the  Prin- 
cipal Allied   and   Associated  Powers   any   title 
that   she   may  have  to  the  sum  in   gold   and 
silver  transmitted  by  her  to  the  Turkish  Min- 
istry  of   Finance  in    November.    1918.   in    an- 
ticipation of  the  payment  to  be  made  in  May. 
1919.    for   the   service   of   the  Turkish   Inter- 

n  (5)  Germany  undertakes  to  transfer  to  the 
Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  with- 
in a  period  of  one  month  from  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  any  sums  in 
gold  transferred  as  pledge  or  as  collateral  se- 
curity to  the  German  Government  or  its  na- 
tionals in  connection  with  loans  made  by  them 
to  the  A.ustro-Hungarian  Government. 

(6)  Without  prejudice  to  Article  292  of  Part 
X  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty, 
Germany  confirms  the  renunciation  provided  for 
in  Article  XV  of  the  Armistice  of  November 
11.  1918,  of  any  benefit  disclosed  by  th« 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


591 


Treaties  of  Bucharest  and  of  Brest-Litovsk  and 
.-"^TV™  * ««;Qa  o,ir>i-,io»np>ntarv  thereto. 


sums  of   money   and   all  ri 


ers  in  a  manner  hereafter  to 
these  Powers. 


determined 


Without  prejudice  to  the  renunciation  of  any 
riehts  by  Germany  on  behalf  of  nerseii  or  01 
hlr  nationals  in  the  other  provisions  of  the 
Sresent  Treaty,  the  Reparation  Commission 
may  within  one  year  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  demand  that  tl 
German  Government  become  possessed  of  any 
rights  and  interests  of  German  nationals  in 
any  Public  utility  undertaking  or  in  any  con- 
cession operating  in  Russia,  China,  Turkey, 
Austria.  Hungary  and  Bulgaria,  or  in  the 
possessions  of  dependencies  of  these  States  or 
in  any  territory  formerly  ^J°ngingr  _to  <*«£ 
many  or  her  allies,  to  be  ceded  by  Germany 
or  her  allies  to  any  Power  or  to  be  adminis- 
tered by  a  Mandatory  under  the  present 
Treaty,  and  may  require,  that  the  German  Gov- 
ernment transfer,  within  six  months,  of  the 
date  of  demand,  all  such  rights  and  interests 
and  any  similar  rights  and  interests  the  Ger- 
man Government  may  itself  possess  to  the 

*8£S£g  s^an^'^sponsible  for  indemnify- 
ing  her  nationals  so  dispossessed,  and  the  Rep- 
aration Commission  shall  credit  Germany,  on 
account  of  sums  due  for  reparation,  with 
such  sums  in  respect  of  the  value  of  the 
transferred  rights  and  interests  as  may  be 
assessed  by  the  Reparation  Commission,  and 
the  German  Government  shall,  within  six 
months  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty,  communicate  to  the  Reparation 
Commission  all  such  rights  and  interests. 
whether  already  granted,  contingent  or  not 
yet  exercised,  and  shall  renounce  on  behalf  of 
itself  and  its  nationals  in  favour  of  .  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  all  such  nghts 
and  interests  which  have  not  been  so  com- 
municated. 

Article  261. 

Germany  undertakes  to  transfer  to  the  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers  any  claims  she  may 
have  to  payment  or  repayment  by  the  govern- 
ments of  Austria.  Hungary,  Bulgaria  or  Tur- 
key, and.  in  particular,  any  claims  which  may 
arise,  now  or  hereafter,  from  the  fulfilment 
of  undertakings  made  by  Germany  during  the 
war  to  those  Governments. 

Article  262. 

Any  monetary  obligation  due  by  Germany 
arising  out  of  the  present  Treaty  and  ex- 
pressed in  terms  of  gold  marks  shall  be  pay- 
able at  the  option  of  the  creditors  in  pounds 
sterling  payable  in  London:  gold  dollars  of 
the  United  States  of  America  payable  in  New 
York;  gold  francs  payable  in  Paris;  or  gold 
lire  payable  in  Rome. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  Article  the  gold 
coins  mentioned  above  shall  be  defined  as  be- 
ing of  the  weight  and  fineness  of  gold  as 
enacted  by  law  on  Jan.  1,  1914. 

Article  26S. 

Germany  gives  a  guarant?e  to  the  Brazilian 
Government  that  all  sums  representing  the 
«ale  of  coffee  belonging  to  the  State  of  Sao 
Paolo  in  the  ports  of  Hamburg  Bremen  Ant- 
werp and  Trieste,  which  were  deposited  with 
tho  Bank  of  Bleichroeder  at  Berlin,  shall  be 
reimbursed  together  with  interest  at  the  rate 
or  rates  agreed  upon.  Germany  having  pre- 
vented the  transfer  of  the  sums  in  question  to 
the  State  of  Sao  Paolo  at  the  proper  time. 


guarantees  also  that  the  reimbursement  shall 
effected  at  the  rate  of  exchange  of  the 
day  of  the  deposit. 

PART  X. 
ECONOMIC  CLAUSES. 

Section   1. 
COMMERCIAL   RELATIONS. 

Chapter  I. 
Customs  Regulations,  Duties  and  Restriction*. 

Article  264. 

Germany  undertakes  that  goods  the  produce 
or  manufacture  of  any  one  of  the  Allied  or 
Associated  States  imported  into  German  terri- 
tory, from  whatsoever  place  arriving,  shall 
not  be  subjected  to  other  or  higher  duties  or 
charges  (including  internal  charges)  than  those 
to  which  the  like  groods  the  produce  or  manu- 
facture of  any  other  such  State  or  of  any 
other  foreign  country  are  subject. 

Germany  will  not  maintain  or  impose  any 
prohibition  or  restriction  on  the  importation 
into  German  territory  of  any  goods  the  prod- 
uce or  manufacture  of  the  territories  of  any 
one  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  States,  from 
whatsoever  place  arriving,  which  shall  not 
equally  extend  to  the  importation  of  the  like 
goods  the  produce  or  manufacture  of  any  other 
such  State  or  of  .any  other  foreign  country. 

Article  265. 

Germany  further  undertakes  that,  in  the 
matter  of  the  regime  applicable  on  importa- 
tion, no  discrimination  against  the  commerce 
of  any  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  States  as 
compared  with  any  other  of  the  said  States  or 
any  other  foreign  country  shall  be  made, 
even  by  indirect  means,  such  as  customs  regu- 
lations or  procedure,  methods  or  verification 
or  analysis  conditions  of  payment  of  duties, 
tariff  classification,  or  interpretation.  Or  the 
operation  of  monopolies. 

Article  266. 

In  all  that  concerns  exportation  Germany 
undertakes  that  goods,  natural  products  or 
manufactured  articles,  exported  from  German 
territory  to  the  territories  of  any  one  of  the 
Allied  or  Associated  States  shall  not  be  sub- 
jected to  other  or  higher  duties  or  charges 
( including  internal  charges)  than  those  paid 
on  the  like  goods  exported  to  any  other  euch 
State  or  to  any  other  foreign  country. 

Germany  will  not  maintain  or  impose  any 
prohibition  or  restriction  on  the  exportation 
of  any  goods  sent  from  h^r  territory  to  any 
one  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  States  which 
shall  not  equally  extend  to  the  exportation 
of  the  like  goods,  natu-al  products  or  manu- 
factured articles,  sent  to  any  other  Such  State 
or  to  any  other  foreign  country. 

Article  267. 

Every  favour,  immunity  or  privilege  in  re- 
gard to  the  importation,  exportation  or  transit 
of  goods  granted  by  Germany  to  any  Allied 
or  Associated  State  or  to  any  other  foreign 
country  whatever  shall  simultaneously  and  un- 
conditionally, without  request  and  without 
compensation,  be  extended  to  all  the  Allied 
and  Associated  States. 

Article  268. 

The  provisions  of  Articles  264  to  267  in. 
elusive  of  this  Chapter  and  of  Article  323  of 
Part  XII  (Ports.  Waterways  and  Railways) 
of  the  present  Treaty  are  subject  to  the  fol- 
Ir.wing  exceptions: 

(a)  For  a  period  of  five  years  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  nat- 
ural or  manufactured  products  which,  both 
originate  in  and  come  from  the  territories  of 
Alsace  and  Lorraine  reunited  to  France  shall, 
on  importation  into  German  customs  territory, 
be  exempt  from  all  customs  duty. 

The  French  Government  shall  fix  each  year, 
by  decree  communicated  to  the  German  Gov- 
ernment the  nature  and  amount  of  the  prod- 
ucts which  shall  enjoy  this  exemption. 


592 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


The  amount  of  each  product  which  may  be 
thus  sent  annually  into  Geimany  shall  not  ex- 
ceed the  average  of  the  amounts  sent  annually 
in  the  years  1911-1913. 

Further  during-  the  period  above  mentioned 
the  German  Government  shall  allow  the  free 
export  from  Germany  and  the  free  re-importa- 
tion into  Germany,  exempt  from  all  customs 
duties  and  other  charges  (including-  internal 
charges),  of  yarns,  tissues  and  other  textile 
materials  or  textile  products  of  any  kind  and 
n  any  condition,  sent  from  Germany  into  the 
territories  of  Alsace  or  Lorraine,  to  be  sub- 
jected there  to  any  finishing-  process,  .such  as 
bleaching;  dyeing,  printing,  memorisation,  gras- 
sing, twisting  cr  dressing.  . 

(b)  Durine:  a  period  of  three  years  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  Present  Treaty  natu- 
ral or  manufactured  products  which  both, orig- 
inate in  and  come  from  Polish 


_    am territories 

which  before  the  war  were  part   of   Germany 
shall,    on    importation     into     German   customs 
territory,  be  exempt  from  all  customs  duty. 
The  Polish   Government  shall  fix  each  year, 
iff 

"whichTshall  enioy  this  exemption. 

e  amount   of  each  product  which 

thus  sent  annually  into  Germany  shall  not 


by   decree   communicated  to   the   German   Gov- 
ernment   the  nature  and  amount  pi  the  prod- 
ucts which  shall  enio.v  this  exemc' 
The  amount   of  each  product  w 
thus  sent  annually  into  Germany 


may  be 


of  the  amounts  sent  annually 


sociated    Powers   re- 
Germany  to  accord 

ity,    on   importation 

into    German    customs     territory      to     na 
products  and  manufactured  articles  whic 
originate  in  and  come  from  the  Grand 
of  Luxemburg-    for  a  period  of  five  years  from 
the  comine  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

The  nature  and  amount  of  the  products 
which  shall  enjoy  the  benefits  of  this  regime 
shall  be  communicated  each  year  to  the  Ger- 


each  product  which  may  be 
thus  sent  annually  into  Germany  shall  not  ex- 
ceed the  averaee  of  the  amounts  sent  annually 
in  the  years  1911-1913. 

Article  269. 

During-  the  first  six  months  after  the  comins: 
into  force   of   the   present   Treaty,   the  duties 


imposed  by  Germany  on  imports  from  Allied 
and  Associated  States^  shall  not  be  higher  than 
the  most  favourable  duties  which  were  applied 
to  imports  into  Germany  on  JuLv  31.  1914. 

During  a  further  period  of  thirty  months 
after  the  expiration  of  the  first  six  months, 
this  provision  shall  continue  to  be  applied  ex- 
clusively with  regard  to  products  which,  beiner 
comprised  in  Section  A  of  the  First  Cateerory 
of  the  German  Customs  Tariff  of  December  25. 
1902,  en j eyed  at  the  above-mentioned  date 
(July  31^  1914)  rates  conventionalised  by 
treaties  with  the  Allied  and  Aesociated  Powers 
with  the  addition  of  all  kinds  of  wine  and 
vegetable  oils,  or  artificial  silk  and  of  washed 
or  scoured  wool,  whether  or  not  they  were  the 
subject  of  special  conventions  before  July  81. 

Article  270. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  reserve  the 
right  to  apply  to  German  territory  occupied 
by  their  troops  a  special  customs  regime  as 
regards  imports  and  exports,  in  the  event  .of 
euch  a  measure  being  necessary  in  their  opin- 
ion in  order  to  safeguard  the  economic  inter- 
ests of  the  population  of  these  territories. 

Chapter  11. 

SHIPPING. 

Article  271. 

As  regards  sea  fishing,  maritime  coasting 
trade  and  maritime  towage,  vessels  of  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  shall  enjoy,  in 
German  territorial  waters,  the  treatment  ac- 
corded to  vessels  of  the  most  favoured  na- 
tion. 

Article  272. 

Germany  agrees  that,  notwithstanding  any 
stipulation  to  the  contrary  contained  in  the 
Conventions  relating  to  the  North  Sea  fish- 
eries and  liquor  traffic,  all  rights  of  inspec- 
tion and  police  shall,  in  the  case  of  fishing1 


boats  of   the  Allied  Powers,  be  exercised  sole- 
ly  by   ships  belonging   to   those  Powers. 
Article  273. 

In  the  case  of  vessels  of  the  Allied  or  As- 
sociated Powers,  all  classes  of  certificates  or 
documents  relating;  to  the  vessel,  which  were 
recognised  as  valid  by  Germany  before  the 
war.  or  which  may  hereafter  be  recognised  as 
valid  by  the  principal  maritime  States,  shall 
be  .recognised  by  Germany  as  valid  and  as 
equivalent  to  the  corresponding-  certificates 
issued,  to  German  vessels. 

A  similar  recognition  shall  be  accorded  to 
the  certificates  and  documents  issued  to  their 
vessels  by  the  Governments  of  new  States, 
whether  they  have  a  sea-ooast  or  nrt.  pro- 
vided that  such  certificates  and  documents 
shall  be  issued  in  conformity  with  the  gen- 
eral practice  observed  in  the  principal  mari- 
time States. 

The  High  Contracting-  Parties  agree  to  rec- 
ognise the  flag  flown  by  vessels  of  an  Allied 
or  Associated  Power  having1  no  sea-coast  which 
are  registered  at  some  one  specified  place 
situated  in  its  territory:  such  place  shall  serve 
as  the  port  of  registry  of  such  vessels. 

Chapter  111. 

Unfair  Competition. 

Article  271. 

Germany  undertakes  to  adopt  all  the  nec- 
essary legislative  and  administrative  measures 
to  protect  goods  the  produce  or  manufacture 
of  any  one  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Pow- 
ers from  all  forms  of  unfair  competition  in 
commercial  transactions. 

Germany  undertakes  to  prohibit  and  repress 
by  seizure  and  by  other  appropriate  remedies 
the  importation,  exportation,  manufacture. 
distribution,  sale  or  offering  for  sale  in  its 
territory  of  all  goods  bearirg  upon  themselves 
or  their  usual  get-up  or  wrappings  any  marks, 
names,  devices  or  description  whatsoever 
which  are  calculate/!  to  convey  directly  or 
indirectly  a  false  indication  of  the  origin. 
type,  nature  or  special  characteristics  of  euch 


Article  275. 
Germany  undertakes  on  condition  that  reci- 
procity  is    accorded   in    these   matters   to   re- 
Bpect    any   law.    or   any   administrative   or   ju- 
dicial decision  given  in  conformity  with  such 
force    in    any    Allied    or    Associated 


dicial  decision  given  in  conformity  with  such 
Itw.  in  force  in  any  Allied  or  Associated 
State  and  duly  communicated  to  her  by  the 


proper  authorities,  defining  or  regulating  the 
right  to  any  regional  appellation  in  respect 
of  .wine  or  spirits  produced  in  the  State  to 
which  the  region  belongs,  or  the  conditions 
under  which  the  use  of  any  such  appellation 
may  be  permitted,  and  the  importation,  ex- 
portation. manufacture,  distribution,  sale  or 
offering  for  si-le  of  products  or  articles  bear- 
ing regional  appellations  inconsistent  with 
such  law  or  order  shall  be  prohibited  by  the 
German  Government  and  reprec«ed  by  the 
measures  prescribed  in  the  preceding  article. 

Chapter  IV. 

Treatment  of  Nationals  of  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers. 

Article  276. 
Germany  undertakes: 

(a)  Not    to    subject    the    nationals    of    the 
Allied    and   Associated    Powers   to    any    prohi- 
bition   in    regard    to    the   exercise   of    occupa- 
tions.   professions,    trade   and   industry,    which 
shall   not    be   equally   applicable   to   all   aliens 
without    exception: 

(b)  Not    to    subject    the    nationals    of    the 
Allied    and    Associated    Powers    in    regard    to 
the    rights    referred    to    in    paragraph    (a)    to 
any  regulation  or  restriction  which  might  con- 
travene directly  or  indirectly  the  stipulations 
of    the    said    paragraph,    or    which    shall    be 
other    or    more    disadvantageous    than     those 
which  are  applicable  to  nationals  of  the  most 
favoured   nation: 

(c)  Not    to    subject    the    nationals    of    the 
Allied   and  Associated  Powers,    their  property, 
rights   or  interests,   including  companies   and 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


593 


associations  in   which   they    are   Interested,    to 
aiiv    charge.   tax  or  impost,   direct  or  indirect, 

is?  SraBjr.rffl? 

of    any 


Jubr  1  1914  to  the  nationals  of  .such  Pow- 
efs  unless  s^ch%tr1ction  is  likewise  imposed 
on  her  own  nationals. 

Article  277. 

The  nationals  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  shall  enjoy  in  German  territory  a  con- 
eitant  protection  for  their  persons  and  for 
their  property  rights  and  interns,  and  shall 
have  free  access  to  the  courts  of  law. 
Article  278. 

Germany   undertakes   to   recognise   any   new 


giance  to  their  country  of  origin. 

Article  279. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  may  ap- 
consuls,    vice-consuls. 


a 


•^eSsasJW 

with  the  usual  rules  and  customs. 

Chapter  V. 

General  Articles. 

Article  280. 

«v«  wars  from  the  date  of  the  coming  into 
f(£ceyof  the  Present  Treaty,  unless  otherwise 
iSovided  in  the  text,  or  unless  the  tCouP^} 
of  the  League  of  Nations  shall,  at  least 
twelve  months  before  the  expirntion  of  that 
period,  decide  that  these  obligations  shall  be 
maintained  for  a  further  penod  with  or  with- 


Aroo  Chanter  IV  shall  remain  in 
operation,  with  or  without  amendment  after 
the  period  of  five  years  for  such  further  pet 
riod.  if  any.  not  exceeding-  five  years,  as  may 
be  determined  by  a  majority  of  the  Council 
of  the  League  of  Nations. 

Article  281. 

If   the   German    Government   engages  in   in- 
ternational trade,  it  shrll  not  .in  respect  there- 
of  have   OP  be   de^m^d    to   have    any   rights. 
privileges  or  immunities  of  sovereignty. 
Section  II. 
TREATIES. 
Article  282. 

From  the  coming  in,to  force  of.  the  present 
Treaty  and  subject  to  the  provisions  thereof 
the'  'multilateral  treaties,  conventions  and 
agreements  of  an  economic  or  technical  char- 
a^ter  enumerated  below  and  in  the  subsequent 
Articles  shall  alone  be  applied  as  between.  Ger- 
many and  those  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  party  thereto: 

(1)  Conventions  of  March  14.  1884,  Decem- 
ber 1  1886,  and  March  23 


14.  18, 
,    1887.   and  Final 


ber  ,   an         arc          ,  . 

Protocol  of   July  7.    1887.    regarding   the  pro- 

tection of  submarine  cables.  -„/»«  •, 

C8J  Convention  of  October  11.  1909.  regard- 
ing the  international  circulation  of  motor-cars. 

(3)  Agreement  of  May  15.  1886.  regarding 
the  sealing  of  railway  trucks  subject  to  cus- 
toms' inspection,  and  Protocol  of  May  18. 

19(°47)    Agreement  of  May  15.    1886    regarding 
the  technical  standa 


. 
rdisation  of  railways. 


(5)  Convention  of  July  5.  1890,  regarding 
the  publication  of  customs  tariffs  and  the  or- 
ganisation of  an  International  Unton  for  the 
pxiblication  of  customs  tariffs. 

(C5)  Convention  of  .December  31.  1913.  re- 
garding the  unification  of  commercial  statis- 
tics. 

(7)  Convention  of  April  25.  1907,  regarding 
the  raising  of  the  Turkish  customs  tariff. 

(8)  Convention  of  March  14.   1857.  for  the 
redemption    of    toll    dues    on    the    Sound    and 
Belts. 

(9)  Convention   of  June   22,    1861.    for   the 
redemption  of  the  Stacfe  Toll  on  the  Elbe 

(10)  Convention  of  July   16.    1863,    for  'the 
redemption  of  the  toll  dues  on  the  Scheldt. 

(11)  Convention    of    October    29.    1888,    re- 
garding   the    establishment    of    a    definite    ar- 
rangement   guaranteeing-  the   free   use    of    the 
Suez    Canal. 

(12)  Conventions    of   September    23.    1910. 
respecting1    the    unification    of    certain    regula- 
tions regarding1  collisions  and  salvage  at  sea. 

(13)  Convention  pf  IDecember  21.   1904,   re- 
garding. the  exemption  of  hospital  ships  from 
dues  ana  charges  in  ports. 

(14)  Convention    of    February   4.    1898.    re- 
garding   the   tonnage   measurement    of    vessels 
for  inland  navigation. 

(15)  Convention  bf  September  26.  1906,  for 
the  suppression  of  night  work  for  women. 

(16)  Convention  of  September  26.  1906.  for 
the    suppression    of    the    use    of    white    phos- 
phorus in  the  manufacture  of  matches. 

M  (17)  Conventions  of  May  18.  1904.  and  May 
4,  1910.  regarding-  the  suppression  of  the 
White  Slave  Traffic. 

flS)  Convention  of  May  4  1910.  regarding- 
the  suppression  of  obscene  publications. 

(19)  Sanitary    Conventions    of    January    30. 
1892.    April   15.    1893,   April   S.    1894,   March 
19.  1  897.  and  December  3,  1903. 

(20)  Convention   of  May   20.    1875.   regard- 
e-  unification   and   i 

c  system. 


. 

ing-   t 
metri 


.  . 

improvement  of    the 


. 

(21)  Convention  of  November  29.  1906.  re- 
garding1    tha     unification     of     pharmacopoeia! 
formula?   for  potent   drugs. 

(22)  Convention    of   November   16   and   19, 
1855.  regarding1  the  establishment  of  a  concert 
pitch. 

(23)  Convention  of  June  7.  1905.  regarding1 
the  creation   of    an   International   Agricultural 
Institute  at  Rome. 

(24)  Conventions  of  November  3.  1881.  and 
Anril  15.  1889.  regarding-  precautionary  meas- 
ures   against   phylloxera. 

(25)  Convention    of    March    19.    1902. 


gafding  the  protection  of  birds  useful  to  agri- 
12.    1902.    as 


culture. 

(26)    Convention    of   June 


to 


the  protection   of   minors. 

Article  28 S. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  High  Contracting-  Parties  shall 
apply  the  conventions  and  agreements  herein- 
after mentioned,  in  sr>  far  as  concerns  them, 
on  condition  that  the  special  stipulations  con- 
tained in  this  Article  are  fulfilled  by  Germany. 

Postal  Conventions: 

Conventions  and  agreements  of  the  Universal 
Postal  Union  concluded  at  Vienna.  July  4. 

Conventions  and  agreements  of  the  Postal 
Union  signed  at  Washington  June  15.  1897. 

Conventions  and  agreements  of  the  Postal 
Union  signed  at  Rome  May  26.  1906. 

Telegraphic  Conventions: 

International  Telegraphic  Conventions  signed 
at  St.  Petersburg  July  ' 


10-22.  1875. 
ind  Tariffs  drawn  up 
'elegraphic  Conference. 


by    the 
Lisbon. 


Regulations 
International    ' 
June    11,    190£ 

Germany  undertakes  not  to  refuse  her  ae- 
sent  to  the  conclusion  by  the  n*>w  States  of 
the  special  arrangements  referred  to  in  the 
conventions  and  arrangements  relating-  to  the 
Universal  Postal  Union  and  to  the  Interna- 
tional Telegraphic  Union,  to  which  the  said 
new  States  have  adhered  or  may  adhere. 


594 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Artidle  1884. 

From  the  coming1  into  lorce  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  High  Contracting  Parties  shall  ap- 
ply, in  eo  far  as  concerns  them,  the  Interna- 
tional Radio-Telegraphic  Convention  of  July  o. 
1912.  on  condition  that  Germany  fulfils  the 
provisional  regulations  which  will  be  indi- 
cated to  her  by  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers. 

If  within  five  years  after  the  coming-  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  a  new  convention 


even  if  Germany  should  refuse  either  to  take 
part  in  drawing  up  the  convention,  or  to  sub- 
scribe thereto. 

This    new    convention    will    likewise   replace 
the   provisional   regulations   in   force. 
Article  285. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  High  Contracting  Parties  shall 
apply  in  so  far  as  concerns  them  <and  under 
the  conditions  stipulated  in  Article  272  the 
conventions  hereinafter  mentioned: 

(1)  The   Conventions  of  May   6.    1882.   and 
February   1.    1889.    regulating  the  fisheries  in 
the   North   Sea  outside  territorial 

(2)  The  Conventions   and  Prot 
vember    16.    1887.    February    14 
April   11.    1894.     regarding-     the 
liauor  traffic. 

Article  286. 

The  International  Convention  of  Paris  of 
March  20.  1883.  for  the  protection  of  in- 
dustrial property,  revised  at  Washington  on 
June  2.  1911:  and  the  International  Conven- 
tion of  Berne  of  September  9,  1886.  for  the 
protection  of  literary  and  artistic  works,  re- 
vised at  Berlin  on  November  13.  1908.  and 
completed  by  the  additional  Protocols  signed 
at  Berno  on  March  20.  1914.  will  again  come 
into  effect  as  from  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty,  in  so  far  as  they  are  not 
affected  or  modified  by  the  exceptions  and  re- 
strictions resulting1  therefrom. 
Article  287. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  High  Contracting  Parties  shall  ap- 
ply in  so  far  as  concerns  them,  the  Conven- 
tion of  the  Hague  of  July  17.  1905.  relating- 
to  civil  procedure.  This  renewal,  however,  win 
not  apply  to  France,  Portugal  and  Roumania. 

Article  288. 
rhts  and  privileges  granted  to 


ial  rig 

>y   Article  3   of  the   Convention   of 
1899.  relating  to  Samoa  shall  be 
o  have   terminated   on  August   4. 


The 

Germany 
December 
considered 

I14<  Article  289. 

Each  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Powers, 
being  guided  by  the  general  principles  or 
special  provisions  of  the  present  Treaty,  shall 
notify  to  Germany  the  bilateral  treaties  or 
conventions  which  such  Allied  or  Associated 
Power  wishes  to  revive  with  Germany. 

The  notification  referred  to  in  the  present 
Article  shall  be  made  either  directly  or 
through  the  intermediary  of  another  Power. 
Receipt  thereof  shall  be  acknowledged  in  writ- 
ing1 by  Germany.  The  date  of  the  revival 
shall  be  that  of  the  notification. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  undertake 
among  themselves  not  to  revive  with  Germany 
any  conventions  or  treaties  which  are  not  in 
accordance  with  the*  terms  of  the  present 

The  notification  shall  mention  any  provisions 
of    the    said    conventions    and    treaties    which, 
not  being  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the 
present  Treaty,   shall  not  be  considered  as  re- 
in   case    of    any   difference    of    opinion,    the 
League  of  Nations  will  be  called  on  to  decide. 
A    period    of    six    months    from    the    coming 
into    force    of    *,he    present   Treaty    is    allowed 
to    the    Allied    and    Associated   Powera    within 
which   to   make   the   notification. 


Only  those  bilateral  treaties  and  conventions 
which  have  been  the  subject  of  such  a  notifl-' 
cation  shall  be  revived  between  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  and  Germany;  all  the  others 
are  and  shall  remain  abrogated. 

The  above  regulations  apply  to  all  bilateral 
treaties  or  conventions  existing  between  all 
the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  signatories 
to  the  present  Treaty  and  Germany,  even  if 
the  said  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  have 
not  been  in  a  state  oi  war  with  Germany. 
Article  t90. 

Germany  recognises  that  all  the  treaties, 
conventions  or  agreements  which  she  has  coo- 
cluded  with  Austria.  Hungary,  Bulgaria  or 
Turkey  since  August  1.  1914.  until  the  com- 
ing into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  are  and 
remain  abrogated  by  the  present  Treaty. 
Article  291. 

Germany  undertakes  to  secure  to  the  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers,  and  to  the  officials 
and  nationals  of  the  said  Powers,  the  enjoy- 
ment of  all  the  rights  and  advantages  of  any 
kind  which  she  may  have  granted  to  Austria, 
Hungary.  Bulgaria  or  Turkey,  or  to  the  offi- 
cials and  nationals  of  these  States  by  treaties, 
conventions  or  arrangements  concluded  before 
August  1.  1914,  so  long  as  those  treaties,  con- 
ventions or  arrangements  remain  in  force. 

The.  Allied    and    Associated    Powers    reserve 
the  right   to   accept   or  not   the  enjoyment   of 
these  rights  and  advantages. 
Article  £98. 

Germany    recognises    that    all    treaties,    con- 


ventions or  arrangements  which  she  concluded 

prei 
a   part    of  Russia,    or  with   Roumania,    before 


with    Russia,    or    with    any    State    or    Govern- 
ment of  which  the  territory  previously  formed 


August  1.  1914,  or  after  that  date  until  com- 
ing1 into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  are  and 
remain  abrogated. 

Article  S9S. 

Should  an  Allied  or  Associated  Power.  Rus- 
sia, or  a  State  or  Government  of  which  the 
territory  formerly  constituted  a  part  of  Russia 
have  been  forced  since  August  1.  1914,  by  rea- 
son of  military  occupation  or  by  any  other 
means  or  for  any  other  cause,  to  grant  or 
to  allow  to  be  granted  by  the  act  of  any 
public  authority,  concessions,  privileges  and 
favours  of  any  kind  to  Germany  or  to  a 
German  national,  such  concessions,  privileges 
and  favours  are  ipso  facto  annulled  by  the 
present  Treaty. 

No  claims  or  indemnities  which  may  result 
from  this  annulment  shall  be  charged  against 
the  Allied  or  Associated  Powers  or  the  Powers, 
States,  Governments  or  public  authorities 
which  are  released  from  their  engagements 
by  the  present  Article. 

Article  294. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  Germany  undertakes  to  give  the  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers  and  their  nationals 
the  benefit  ipso  facto  of  the  rights  and  ad- 
vantages of  any  kind  which  she  has  granted 
by  treaties,  conventions,  or  arrangements  tc 
non-belligerent  States  or  their  nationals  since 
August  1,  1914,  until  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty,  so  long  as  those  treaties, 
conventions  or  arrangements  remain  in  force. 
Article  295. 

Those  of  the  High  Contracting  Parties  who 
have  not  yet  signed,  or  who  have  signed  but 
not  yet  ratified,  the  Opium  Convention  signed 
at  The  Hague  on  January  23.  1912.  agree  tc 
bring  the  said  Convention  into  force,  and  for 
this  purpose  to  enact  the  necessary  legisla- 
tion without  delay  and  in  any  case  within  a 
period  of  twelve  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

Furthermore,  they  agree  that  ratification  of 
tho  present  Treaty  should  in  the  case  of  Pow- 
ers which  have  not  yet  ratified  the  Opium  Con- 
vention be  deemed  in  all  respects  equivalent 
to  the  ratification  of  that  Convention  and  to 
the  signature  of  the  Special  Protocol  whi«h 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


595 


waa  opened  at  The  Hague  in  accordance  with 
the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Third  Opium 
Conference  in  1914  lor  bringing  the  said  Con- 
vention into  force. 

For  this  purpose  the  Government  of  the 
French  Republic  will  communicate  to  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  Netherlands  a  certified  copy 
of  the  protocol  of  the  deposit  of  ratifications 
of  the  present  Treaty,  and  will  invite  the 
Government  of  the  Netherlands  to  accept  and 
deposit  the  said  certified  copy  as  if  it  were 
a  deposit  of  ratifications  of  the  Opium  Con- 
vention and  a  signature  of  the  Additional 
Protocol  of  1914. 

.Section  111. 

DEBTS. 
Article  296. 

There  shall  be  settled  through  the  inter- 
vention of  clearing1  offices  to  be  established 
by  each  of  the  High  Contracting  Parties  with- 
in three  months  of  the  notification  referred 
to  in  paragraph  (e)  hereafter  the  following1 
classes  of  pecuniary  obligations: 

(1)  Debts  payable  before  the  war  and  due 
by  a  national  of  one  of  the  Contracting  Pow- 
ers,   residing    within    its    territory,    to    a    na- 
tional of   an  Opposing  Power,  residing  within 

(2)  Debts'  which  became  payable  during  the 
war    to    nationals    of    one    Contracting    Power 
residing  within  its  territory  and  arose  out  of 
transactions    or    contracts    with    the   nationals 
of    an    Opposing    Power,    resident    within    its 
territory,    of    which    the   total    or  partial   exe- 
cution was  suspended  on  account  of  the  dec- 
laration of  war. 

(3)  Interest   which  has  accrued  due  before 
ind  during  the   war   to   a  national  of   one  of 
the   Contracting   Powers  in   respect    of   securi- 
ties   issued    by    an    Opposing1   Power,    providod 
that   the  payment   of  interest  on  such  securi- 
ties   to    the    nationals    of    that    Power    or    to 
neutrals    has   not   been    suspended   during   the 
war. 

(4)  Capital   sums  which  have  become  pay- 
able before  and   during  the  war  to  nationals 
of   one   of    the   Contracting  Powers  in  respect 
of    securities   issued    by    one   of    the   Opposing 
Powers,    provided    that   the   payment    of    such 
capital    sums    to   nationals    of    that    Power    or 
to    neutrals    has    not    been    suspended    during 
the  war. 

The  proceeds  of  liquidation  of  enemy  prop- 
erty, rights  and  interests  mentioned  in  Sec- 
tion IV  and  in  the  Annex  thereto  will  be 
accounted  for  through  the  Clearing  Offices. 
in  the  currency  and  at  the  rate  of  exchange 
hereinafter  provided  in  paragraph  (d).  and 
disposed  of  by  them  under  the  conditions  pro- 
vided by  the  said  Section  and  Annex. 

The  settlements  provided  for  in  this  Article 
shall  be  effected  according  to  the  following 
principles  and  in  accordance  with  the  Annex 
to  this  Section: 

(a)  Each    of    the    High   Contracting   Parties 
shall  prohibit,  as  from  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  Treaty,   both  the  payment   and 
the  acceptance  of  payment  of  such  debts,  and 
also    all    communications    between    the    inter- 
ested parties  with  regard  to  the  settlement  of 
the    said    debts    otherwise    than    through    the 
clearing   offices. 

(b)  Each    of    the   High   Contracting   Parties 
shall  be  respectively  responsible  for  the  pay- 
ment .of  such  debts  due  by  its  nationals    ex- 
cept  in    the   cases    where   before    the    war   the 
debtor  was  in   a    state   of  bankruptcy   or  fail- 
ure,   or    had    given    formal    indication    of    in- 
solvency   or    where    the   debt    was   due   by    a 
company   whose   business   has   been    liquidated 
under    emergency    legislation    during    the    war 
Nevertheless,  debts  due  by  the  inhabitants  on 
territory    invaded    or    occupied    by    the    enemy 
before    the   Armistice    will    not    be   guaranteed 
by  the   States  of  which  those  territories  form 

*(cl\,  Thr?-  !Pms  due  to  th«  nationals  of  one 
of  the  High  Contracting  Parties  by  the  na- 
tionals of  an  Opposing  State  will  be  debited 


to  the  Clearing  Office  of  the  country  of  the 
debtor,  and  paid  to  the  creditor  by  the  Cltur- 
ng  Office  of  the  country  of  the  creditor. 

(d)  Debts  shall  be  paid  or  credited  in  the 
currency  of  such  one  of  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers,  their  colonies  or  protectorates 
or  the  British  Dominions  or  India,  as  may  be 
concerned.  If  the  debts  are  payable  in  some 
other  currency  they  shall  be  paid  or  cred- 
ited in  the  currency  of  the  country  con- 
cerned, whether  an  Allied  or  Associated  Pow- 
er. Colony.  Protectorate,  British  Dominion  or 
India,  at  the  pre-war  rate  of  exchange. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  provision  the  pre- 
war rate  of  exchange  shall  be  defined  as  the 
average  cable  transfer  rate  prevailing  in  the 
Allied  or  Associated  country  concerned  during 
the  month  immediately  preceding  the  outbreak 
of  war  between  the  said  country  concerned 
and  Germany. 

If  a  contract  provides  for  a  fixed  rate  of 
exchange  governing  the  conversion  of  the  cue- 
rency  in  which  the  debt  is  stated  into  the 
currency  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  country 
concerned,  then  the  above  provisions  concern- 
ing the  rate  of  exchange  shall  not  apply. 

In.  the  case  of  new  States  the  currency  in 
which  and  the  rate  of  exchange  at  which  debts 
shall  be  paid  or  credited  shall  be  determined 
by  _the  Reparation  Commission  provided  for 


in  Part  VIII    (Reparation)  i 

,_.    The    provisions    of    this    Ar _ 

the  Annex  hereto  shall  not  apply  as  between 


(e) 


v  J.J.J.      v  j-vcMcii  aiiiwu/  . 

ie    provisions    of    this    Article    and   of 


Germany  on  the  one  hand  and  any  one  of  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  their  colonies 
or  protectorates  or  any  one  of  the  British  Do- 
minions or  India  on  the  other  hand,  unless 
within  a  period  of  one  month  from  the  de- 
posit of  the  ratification  of  the  present  Treaty 
by  the  Power  in  question,  or  of  the  ratifica- 
tion on  behalf  of  such  Dominion  or  of  In- 


dia.   notice    to  Jhat    effect    is    given    to    Ger- 

f   such   Allied   ojr 

Associated  Power  or  of  such  Dominion  or  ol 


many   by    the    Government    of   such    Al 


India  as  the  case  may  be: 

(f)  The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  who 
have  adopted  this  Article  and  the  Annex 
hereto  may  agree  between  themselves  to  ap- 
ply them  to  their  respective  nationals  estab- 
lished in  their  territory  so  far  as  regards 
matters  between  their  nationals  and  German 
nationals.  In  this  case  the  payments  made 
by  application  of  this  provision  will  be  sub- 
ject to  arrangements  between  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Clearing  Offices  concerned. 
ANNEX. 
1. 

Each  of  the  High  Contracting  Parties  will, 
within  three  months  from  the  notification  pro- 
vided for  in  Article  296.  paragraph  (e).  estab- 
lish a  Clearing  Office  for  the  collection  and 
payment  of  enemy  debts. 

Local  Clearing  Offices  may  be  established  for 
rny  particular  portions  of  the  territories  of  the 


Hifrh  Contracting:  Parties.  Such  local  Clearing: 
Offices  may  perform  all  the  functions  of  a 
central  Clearing  Office  in  their  respective  dis- 
tricts. except  that  all  transactions  with  the 
Clearing  Office  in  the  Opposing  State  must  be 
effected  through  the  central  Clearing  Office. 
2. 

In  this  Annex  the  pecuniary  obligations  re- 
ferred to  in  the  first  paragraph  of  Article  293 
are  described  as  "enemy  debts",  the  persons 
from  whom  the  same  are  due  as  "enemy 
debtors",  the  persons  to  whom  they  are  due 
as  "enemy  creditors",  the  Clearing  Office  in 
the  country  of  the  creditor  is  called  the 
"Creditor  Clearing  Office",  and  the  Clearing 
Office  in  the  country  of  the  debtor  is  called 
the  "Debtor  Clearing  Office." 
3. 

The    High    Contracting    Parties    will    subject 
contraventi 


296 


ons    of    paragraph     (a)     of    Article 
o    the   same  penalties   as  are   at  present 


n 

provided  by  their  legislation  for  trading  with 
the  enemy.  They  will  similarly  prohibit  with- 
in their  territory  all  legal  process  relating  to 
payment  of  enemy  debts  except  in  accoraancc 
with  the  provisions  of  this  Annex. 


596 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


4. 

The  Government  guarantee  specified  in  par- 
agraph (b)  of  Article  296  shall  take  effect 
whenever  for  any  reason,  a  debt  shall  not  be 
recoverable,  except  in  a  case  where  at  the 
date  of  the  outbreak  of  war  the  debt  was 
barred  by  the  laws  of  prescription  in  force 
in  the  country  of  the  debtor,  or  where  the 
debtor  was  at  that  time  in  a  state  of  bank- 
ruptcy or  failure  or  had  given  formal  indica- 
tion of  insolvency  or  where  the  debt  was  due 
by  a  company  whose  business  has  been  liqui- 
dated under  emergency  legislation  during-  the 
war.  In  such  case  the  procedure  specified  by 
this  Annex  shall  apply  to  payment  of  the 
dividends. 

The  terms  "bankruptcy"  and  "failure"  refer 
to  the  application  of  legislation  providing-  for 
such  juridical  conditions.  The  expression 
"formal  indication  of  insolvency''  bears  the 
same  meaning1  as  it  has  in  English  law. 
5. 

Creditors  shall  give  notice  to  the.  Creditor 
Clearing1  Office  within  six  months  of  its  estab- 
lishment of  debts  due  to  them,  and  shall  fur- 
nish the  Clearing1  Office  with  any  documents 
and  information  reauired  of  them. 

The  High  Contracting-  Parties  will  take  all 
suitable  measures  to  trace  and  punish  col- 
lusion between  enemy  creditors  and  debtors. 
The  Clearing-  Offices  will  communicate  to  one 
another  any  evidence  and  information  which 
might  help  the  discovery  and  punishment  of 
such  collusion. 

The  High  Contracting-  Parties  will  facili- 
tate as  much  as  possible  postal  and  tele- 
graphic communication  at  the  expense  of  the 
parties  concerned  and  through  the  interven- 
tion of  the  Clearing-  Offices  between  debtors 
and  creditors  desirous  of  coming-  to  an  agree- 
ment as  to  the  amount  of  their  debt. 

The  Creditor  Clearing  Office  will  notify  the 
Debtor  Clearing-  Office  of  all  debts  declared 
to  it.  The  Debtor  Clearing  Office  will,  in  due 
course,  inform  the  Creditor  Clearing  Office 
which  debts  are  admitted  and  which  debts 
are  contested.  In  the  latter  case  the  Debtor 
Clearing  Office  will  give  the  grounds  for  the 
non-admission  of  debt. 
6. 

When  a  debt  has  been  admitted,  in  whole 
or  in  part,  the  Debtor  Clearing  Office  will 
at  once  credit  the  Creditor  Clearing-  Office 
with  the  amount  admitted,  and  at  the  same 
time  notify  it  of  such  credit. 

7. 

The  debt  shall  be  deemed  to  be  admitted 
in  full  and  shall  be  credited  forthwith  to 
the  Creditor  Clearing  Office  unless  within  three 
months  from  the  receipt  of  the  notification 
or  such  longer  time  as  may  be  agreed  to 
by  the  Creditor  Clearing-  Office  notice  has  been 
given  by  the  Debtor  Clearing  Office  that  it  is 


with  regard  to  which  his  refusal  shall  be  dis- 
allowed. 

Such  interest  shall  run  from  the  date  of 
expiration  of  the  period  provided  for  in  para- 
graph 7  until  the  date  on  which  the  claim 
shall  have  been  disallowed  or  the  debt  paid 

Each  Clearing-  Office  shall  in  so  far  as  it 
is  concerned  take  steps  to  collect  the  finea 
above  provided  for.  and  will  be  responsibll 
if  such  fines  cannot  be  collected. 
.  The  fines  will  be  credited  to  the  other  Clear- 
mg-  Office  which  shall  retain  them  as  a  con- 
tribution towards  the  cost  of  carrying-  out  the 
present  provisions. 

11. 

The  balance  between  the  Clearing-  Offices 
shall  be  struck  monthly  and  the  credit  bal- 
ance paid  in  cash  by  the  debtor  State  within 

Nevertheless,  any  credit  balances  which  may 
be  due  by  one  or  more  of  the.  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  shall  be  retained  until  com-? 
plete  payment  shall  have  been  effected  of  the 
cums  due  .to  the  Allied  or  Associated  Pow- 
ers or  their  nationals  on  account  of  the  war. 

12. 

.  To  facilitate  discussion  between  the  Clear, 
ing-  Offices  each  of  them  shall  have  a  rep- 
resentative at  the  place  where  the  other  is 
established. 

"I  ^? 

.  Except    for    special    reasons,    all   discussions 
in    reg-ard   to   claims   will,    so   far  as   possible 
take   place   at   the  Debtor  Clearing-  Office. 
14. 

<3f. 


not   admitt 


8. 


When  the  whole   or  part  of  a  debt  is  not 
admitted   the  two  Clearing-  Offices  will   exam- 
ine into  the  matter  jointly  and  will  endeavour 
to  bring-  the  parties  to  an  agreement. 
9. 

The  Creditor  Clearing-  Office  will  pay  to 
the  individual  creditor  the  sums  credited  to 
it  out  of  the  funds  placed  at  its  disposal 
by  the  Government  of  its  -country  and  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  conditions  fixed  by  the  said 
Government,  retaining;  any  sums  considered 
necessary  -to  cover  risks,  expenses  or  com- 
missions. 

10. 

Any  person  having-  claimed  payment  of  an 
enemy  debt  which  is  not  admitted  in  whole 
or  in  part  shall  pay  to  the  Clearing-  Office. 
by  way  of  fine,  interest  at  5  per  cent,  on 
the  part  not  admitted.  Any  person  having-  un- 
duly refused  to  admit  the  whole  or  part  of 
a  debt  claimed  from  him  shall  pay.  by  way 
of  fine,  interest  at  5  per  cent,  on  the  amount 


The  Debtor  Clearing  Office  will  therefore 
credit  the  Creditor-  Clearing-  Office  with  aU 
debts  admitted,  even  in  case  of  inability  to 
collect  them  from  the  individual  debtor  Tha 
Governments  concerned  will,  nevertheless  in- 
vest their  respective  Clearing  Offices  with  all 
necessary  powers  for  the  recovery  of  debts 
which  have  been  admitted. 

Aa  an  exception,  the  admitted  debts  owing1 
by  persons  having  suffered  injury  from  acts 
of  war  Phall  only  be  credited  to  the  Creditor 
Clearing-  Office  when  the  compensation  due  to 
*he  person  concerned  in  respect  of  such  in- 
ury  shall  have  been  paid. 

Each  Government  will  defray  the  expenses 
of  the  Clearing  Office  set  up  in  its  terri- 
tory, including  the  salaries  of  the  staff. 

16. 

Where  the  two  Clearing  Offices  are  unable  to 
agree  whether  a  debt  claimed  is  due,  or  in 
case  of  a  difference  between  an  enemy  debtor 
ana  an  enemy  creditor  or  between  the  Clearing- 
Offices,  the  dispute  shall  either  be  referred 
to  arbitration  if  tbe  parties  so  agree  under 
conditions  fixed  by  agreement  between  them, 
or  referred  to  the  -  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal 
provided  for  in  Section  VI  hereafter. 

At  the  request  of  the  Creditor  Clearing  Office 
the    dispute    may.    however,    be    submitted    to 
the  jurisdiction  cf  the  Courts  of  the  place  of 
domicile  of  the  debtor. 
17. 

Recovery  of  sums  found  by  the  Mixed  Ar- 
bitral Tribunal,  the  Court,  or  the  Arbitration 
Tribunal  to  be  due  shall  be  effected  through 
the  Clearing-  Offices  as  if  these  sums  wer» 
debts  admitted  by  the  Debtor  Clearing  Office. 
18. 

Each  of  the  Governments  concerned  shall 
appoint  an  agent  who  will  be  responsible  for 
the  presentation  to  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribu- 
ml  of  the  cases  conducted  on  behalf  of  its 
Clearing  Office.  This  agent  will  exercise  a 
general  control  ov«>r  the  representatives  or 
counsel  employed  by  its  nationals. 

Decisions  will  be  arrived  at  on  documentary 
evidence,  but  it  will  be  open  to  the  Tribunal 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


697 


to  hear  the  parties  in  person,  or  according 
to  their  preference  by  their  representatives 
approved  by  the  two  Governments,  or  by  the 
agent  referred  to  above. I  who  shall  be  com- 
petent to  intervene  along-  with  the  party  or 
to  reopen  and  maintain  a  claim  abandoned 
by  the  same. 

19. 

The  Clearing1  Offices  concerned  will  lay  be- 
fore the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  all  the  In- 
formation and  documents  in  their  possession, 
so  as  to  enable  the  Tribunal  to  decide  rapidly 
on  the  cases  which  axe  brought  before  it. 
20. 

Where  one  of  the  parties  concerned  appeals 
against  the  joint  decision  of  the  two  Clearing- 
Offices  he  shall  make  a  deposit  against  the 
costs  which  deposit  shall  only  be  refunded 
when  the  first  judgment  is  modified  in  favour 
of  the  appellant  and  in  proportion  to  the  suc- 
cess he  may  attain,  his  opponent  in  case  of 
such  a  refund  being-  reauired  to  pay  an 
equivalent  proportion  of  the  costs  and  ex- 
penses. Security  accepted  by  the  Tribunal 
may  be  substituted  for  a  deposit. 

A  fee  of  5  per  cent,  of^the  amount  in  dis- 
pute shall  be  charged  in  respect  of  all  cases 
brought  before  the  Tribunal.  This  fee  shall, 
unless  the  Tribunal  directs  otherwise,  be  borne 
by  the  unsuccessful  party.  Such  fee  shall  be 
added  to  the  deposit  referred  to.  It  is  also 
independent  of  the  security. 

The  Tribunal  may  award  to  one  of  the 
parties  a  sum  in  respect  of  the  expenses  of 
the  proceedings. 

Any  sum  payable  under  this  paragraph  shall 
be   credited   to  the  Clearing  Office  of  the  suc- 
cessful party  as  a  separate  item. 
21. 

With  a  view  to  the  rapid  settlement  of 
claims  due  regard  shall  be  paid  in  the  ap- 


nntment  _pf   all   persons    connected ,  with   the 


Clearing  Offices  or  with  the  Mixed  Arbitral  _. 
bunal  to  thrir  knowledge  of  the  language  of 
the  other  country  concerned. 

Each  of  the  Clearing  Offices  will  be  at  liber- 
ty to  correspond  with  th»  other  and  to  forward 
documents  in  its  own  language. 
22. 

Subject  to  any  special  agreement  to  the 
contrary  between  the  Governments  concerned, 
debts  shall  carry  interest  in  accordance  with 
the  following  provisions: 

Interest  shall  not  be  payable  on  sums  of 
money  due  by  way  of  dividend,  interest  or 
other  periodical  payments  which  themselves 
represent  interest  on  capital. 

The  rate  of  interest  shall  be  5  per  cent,  per 
annum  except  in  cases  where,  by  contract,  law 
or  custom,  the  creditor  is  entitled  to  payment 
of  interest  at  a  different  rate.  In  such  cases 
the  rate  to  which  he  is  entitled  shall  prevail. 

Interest  shall  run  from  the  date  of  com- 
mencement of  hostilities  (or.  if  the  sum  of 
money  to  be  recovered  fell  due  during  the 
war  from  the  date  at  which  it  f"ll  due)  nn 
til  the  sum  is  credited  to  the  Clearing  Office 
of  the  creditor. 

Sums  due  by  way  of  interest  shall  be  treat- 
ed as  debts  admitted  by  the  Clearing-  Offices 
and  shall  be  credited  to  the  Creditor  Clear- 
ing- Office  in  the  same  way  as  such  debts. 

23. 


or 

held 


Where  by  decision  of  the  Clearing  Offices 
the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  a  claim  is  h 
not  to  fall  within  Article  296,  the  creditor 
shall  be  at  liberty  to  prosecute  the  claim  be- 
fore the  Courts  or  to  take  such  other  pro- 
ceedings as  may  be  open  to  him. 

The  presentation  of  a  claim  to  the  Clearing 
Office  suspends  the  operation  of  any  period  of 
prescription. 

24. 

The  High  Contracting-  Parties  agree  to  re- 
gard the  decisions  of  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tri- 
bunal as  final  and  conclusive,  and  to  render 
them  binding  upon  their  nationals. 


25. 

In  any  case  where  a  Creditor  Clearing  Of- 
fice declines  to  notify  a  claim  to  the  Debtor 
Clearing  Office,  or  to  take  any  step  provided 
for  in  this  Annex,  intended  to  make  effective 
in  whole  or  in  part  a  request  of  which  it  has 
received  due  notice,  the  enemy  creditor  shall 
be  entitled  to  receive  from  the  Clearing  Office 
a  certificate  setting  out  the  amount  of  the 
claim,  and  shall  then  be  entitled  to  prosecute 
the  claim  before  the  courts  or  to  take  such 
other  proceedings  as  may  be  open  to  him. 
Section  IV. 

PROPERTY,    RIGHTS    AND    INTERESTS. 
Article  297. 

The  question  of  private  property,  rights  and 
interests  in  an  enemy  country  shall  be  set- 
tled according  to  the  principles  laid  down  in 
this  Section  and  to  the  provisions  of  the  An- 
nex hereto. 

(a)  The   exceptional      war      measures      and 
measures  of  transfer   (defined  in  paragraph.  3 
of    the   Annex  hereto)       taken      by      Germany 
with  respect   to    the   property,    rights   and   in- 
terests   of    nationals    of    Allied    or    Associated 
Powers,    including   companies   and   associations 
in    which    they    are    interested,    when    liquida- 
tion has  not  been  completed,  shall  be  immedi- 
ately discontinued  or  stayed  and  the  property, 
rights  and  interests  concerned  restored  to  their 
owners,    who    shall   enjoy    full   rights    therein 
in    accordance  with   the  provisions   of   Article 
298. 

(b)  Subject    to    any     contrary     stipulations 
which    may    be    provided    for    in    the    present 
Treaty    the  Allied   and   Associated [.Powers  re- 
serve   the    nght    to    retain    and    liquidate    all 
property,  rights  and  interests  belonging  at  the 
date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty    to    German   nationals,      or      companies 
controlled    by    them,    within    their    territories, 
colonies,    possessions      and      protectorates,    in- 
cluding territories  ceded  to  them  by  the  pres- 

The  liquidation  shall  be  carried  out  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  laws  of  the  Allied  or  As- 
sociated State  concerned.  and  the  German 
owner  shall  not  be  able  to  dispose  of  such 
property,  rights  or  interests  nor  to  subject 
them  to  any  charge  without  the  consent  of 

thGermtaanenationals  who  acquire  ipso  facto  the 
nationality  of  an  Allied  or  Asspciated  Power 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the 
present  Treaty  will  not  be  considered  as  Ger- 
man nationals  within  the  meaning  of  this 
paragraph. 

(c)  The  price  or  the  amount  of  compensa- 
tion  in   respect    of    the   exercise   of    the   right 
referred    to    in    the    preceding    paragraph     (b) 
will  be  fixed  in  accordance  with  the  methods 
of  sale  or  valuation  adopted  by  the  laws  of 
the   country  in  which  the  property  has  been 
retained  or  liquidated. 

(d)  As   between   the   Allied   and   Associated 
Powers  or  the*r  nationals  on  the  one  hand  and 
Germany  or  her  nationals  on  the  other  hand, 
all    the    exceptional    war    measures,    or    meas- 
ures of   transfer,   or  acts  done   or  to  be  done 
in   execution   of    such    measures   as  defined    in 
paragraphs  1  and  3  of  the  Annex  hereto  shall 
be   considered    as    final    and   binding   upon    all 
persons  except  as  regards  the  reservations  laid 
down    in   the   present   Treaty. 

(e)  The  nationals   of  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers    shall    be    entitled    to    compensation    m 
respect  of  dairnpre  or  injury  inflicted  upon  their 
property,     rights     or    interests,    including    any 
company   or  association  in  which  they   are  11 
terested.  in   German  territory   as  it  existed   on 
August   1.    1914.   by   the  application   either  of 
the  exceptional   war  measures  or  measures  o 
transfer  mentioned  in  paragraphs  1  .and  .3  of 
the  Annex  hereto     The  claims  made  in  this  re- 
spect by   such  nationals  shall  be  investigated, 
and  the  total  of  the  compensation  shall  be  de- 
termined by  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  pro- 


598 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


vided  for  in  Section  VI  or  by  an  Arbitrator 
appointed  by  that  Tribunal.  This  compensa- 
tion shall  be  borne  by  Germany,  and  may  be 
charged  upon  the  property  of  German  nation- 
als within  the  territory  or  under  the  control 
of  the  claimant's  State.  This  property  may 
be  constituted  as  a  pledge  for  enemy  lia- 
bilities under  the  conditions  fixed  by  Para- 
graph 4  of  the  Annex  hereto.  The  payment 
of  this  compensation  may  be  made  by  the  Al- 
or  Associated  State  and  the  amount  will 
debited  to  Germany. 

(f)  Whenever    a    national    of    an    Allied    or 
Associated  Power  is  entitled  to  propea-ty  which 
has   been   subjected   to    a  measure   of   transfer 
in  German  territory  and  expresses  a  desire  fpr 
its  restitution,  his  claim  for  compensation  in 
accordance     with     paragraph      (e)      snail     oe 
satisfied  by  the  restitution   of   the  said  prop- 
erty if  it  still  exists  in  specie. 

In  such  case  Germany  shall  take  all  neces- 
sary steps  to  restore  the  evicted  owner  to  the 
possession  of  his  property,  free  from  .all  en- 
cumbrances or  burdens  with  which  it  may 
have  been  charged  after  the  liquidation,  and 
to  indemnify  all  third  parties  injured  by  the 

reff  *  the°restitution  provided  for  in  this  para- 
graph cannot  be  effected,  private  agreements 
arranged  by  the  intermediation  of  the  Powers 
concerned  or  the  Clearing  Offices  provided  for 
in  the  Annex  to  Section  III  may  be  made, 
in  order  to  secure  that  the  national  of  the 
Allied  or  Associated  Power  may  secure  com- 
pensation for  the  injury  referred  to-  in  para- 
graph (e)  by  the  grant  of  advantages  or 
equivalents  which  he  agrees  to  accept  in 
place  of  the  property,  rights  or  interests  of 
which  he  was  deprived. 

Through  restitution  in  accordance  with 
this  Article,  the  price  or  the  amount  of  com- 
pensation fixed  by  the  application  of  paragraph 
(e)  will  be  reduced  by  the  actual  value  of 
the  property  restored,  account  being  taken  of 
compensation  in  respect  of  loss  of  use  or 
deterioration. 

(g)  The  rights  conferred  by  paragraph    (f) 
are   reserved  to  owners   who  are   nationals   of 
Allied     or    Associated    Powers    within     whose 
territory   legislative    measures    prescribing    the 
general  liquidation    of   enemy   property,    rights 
or  interests  were  not  applied  before  the  signa- 
ture  of   the  Armistice. 

(h)  Except  in  cases  where,  by  application 
of  paragraph  (f).  restitutions  in  specie  have 
been  made,  the  net  proceeds  of  sales  of  enemy 
property,  rights  or  interest  wherever  situated 
carried  out  either  by  virtue  of  war  legislation, 
or  by  application  of  this  Article,  and  in  gen- 
eral all  cash  assets  of  enemies,  shall  be  dealt 
with  as  follows: 

(1)  As  regards  Powers  adopting  Section  HI 
and  the  Annex  thereto,   the  said  proceeds  and 
c?sh   assets  shall  be  credited  to  the  Power  of 
which   the   owner   is    a    national,    through    the 
Clearing     Office     established     thereunder;     any 
credit    balance   in    favour    of    Germany    result- 
ing therefrom  shall  be  dealt  with  as  provided 
in  Article  243. 

(2)  As  regards  Powers  not  adopting  Section 
III  and  the  Annex  thereto,  the  proceeds  of  the 
property,    rights    and    interests,    and    the    cash 
assets,  of  the  nationals  of  Allied  or  Associated 
Powers   held    by    Germany    shall    be    paid    im- 
mediately to  the  person  entitled  thereto  or  to 
his  Government:  the  proceeds  of  the  property, 
rights   and   interests,    and    the   cash    assets,    of 
German  nationals  received  by  an  Allied  or  As- 
sociated   Power    shall   be    subject    to    disposal 
by    such    Power   in    accordance    with    its   laws 
and   regulations   and   may   be   applied   in   pay- 
hient  of  the  claims   and  debts  defined  by  this 
Article   or  paragraph   4   of   the   Annex  hereto. 
Any  property,  rights  and  interests  or  proceeds 
thereof  or  cash  assets  not  used  as  above  pro- 
vided  may  be   retained   by   the    said   Allied   or 
Associated    Power    and    if    retained    the    cash 
value    thereof    shall    be    dealt    with    as    pro- 
vided   in    Article    243. 

In   the  case   of   liquidations  effected  in  new 


States  which  are  signatories  of  the  present 
Treaty  as  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  or  in 
States  which  are  not  entitled  to  share  in  the 
reparation  payments  to  be  made  by  Germany, 
the  proceeds  of  liquidations  effected  by  such 
States  shall,  subject  to  the  rights  of  the  Rep- 
aration Commission  under  the  present  Treaty, 
particularly  under  Articles  235  and  260.  be 
paid  direct  to  the  owner.  If  on  the  appli- 
cation of  that  owner,  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tri- 
bunal, provided  for  by  Section  VI  of  this 
Part,  or  an  Arbitrator  appointed  by  that  Tri- 
bunal, is  satisfied  that  the  conditions  of  the 
sale  or  measures  taken  by  the  Government  of 
the  State  in  question  outside  its  general  legis- 
lation were  unfairly  prejudicial  to  the  price 
obtained,  they  shall  have  discretion  to  award 
to  the  owner  equitable  compensation  to  be 
paid  by  that  State. 

(i)  Germany  undertakes  to  compensate  her 
nationals  in  respect  of  the  sale  or  retention 
of  their  property,  rights  or  interests  in  Allied 
or  Associated  States. 

(j)  The  amount  of  all  taxes  and  imposts 
upon  capital  levied  or  to  be  levied  by  Ger- 
many on  the  property,  rights  and  interests 
of  the  nationals  of  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Powers  from  November  11.  1918.  until  three 
months  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty,  or.  in  the  case  of  property, 
rights  or  interests  which  have  been  subjected 
to  exceptional  measures  of  war,  until  resti- 
tution in  accordance  with  the  present  Treaty, 
shall  be  restored  to  the  owners. 
Article  298. 

Germany  undertakes,  with  regard  to  the 
property,  rights  and  interests,  including  com- 
panies rnd  associations  in  which  they  were 
interested,  restored  to  nationals  of  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  Article  297.  paragraph  (a)  or 

(a)  to  restore  and  maintain,  except  as  ex- 
pressly provided  in  the  present  Treaty,  the 
property,  rights  and  interests  of  the  nation- 
als of  Allied  or  Associated  Powers  in  the 
legal  position  obtaining  in  respect  of  the 
property,  rights  and  interests  of  German  na- 
tionals under  the  laws  in  force  before  the 
war: 

.    (b)    not   to   subject   the  property,   rights   or 
interests    of    the    nationals    of    the    Allied    or 
Associated    Powers    to    any    measures   in   dem- 
otion   of   property    rights    which   are  not   ap- 
plied   equally   to   the   property,    rights  and  in- 
terests  of   German  nationals,   and  to  pay  adet 
ouate   compensation   in   the  event  of   the  ap- 
plication  of   these   measures. 
ANNEX. 
1. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Article 
?97.  paragraph  (d).  the  validity  of  vesting- 
orders  and  of  orders  for  the  winding  up  of 
businesses  or  companies,  and  of  any  other  or- 
ders, directions,  decisions  or  instructions  of 
any  court  or  any  department  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  any  of  the  High  Contracting  Parties 
made  or  given,  or  purporting  to  be  made  or 
given,  in  pursuance  of  war  legislation  with 
regard  to  enemy  property,  rights  and  inter- 
ests is  confirmed.  The  interests  of  all  per- 
sons shall  be  regarded  as  having  been  ef- 
fectively dealt  with  by  any  order,  direction, 
decision  or  instruction  dealing  with  property 
in  which  they  may  be  interested,  whether  or 
not  such  interests  are  specifically  mentioned 
in  the  order,  direction,  decision  or  instruc- 
tion. No  question  shall  be  raised  as  to  the 
regularity  .  of  a  transfer  of  any  property, 
rights  or  interests  dealt  with  in  pursuance  of 
any  such  order,  direction,  decision  or  instruc- 
tion. Every  action  taken  with  regard  to  any 
property,  business,  or  company,  whether  as 
regards  its  investigation,  sequestration,  com- 
pulsory administration,  use.  requisition  su- 
pervision, or  winding  up.  the  sale  or  manage- 
ment of  property,  rights  or  interests,  the  col- 
lection or  discharge  of  debts,  the  payment  of 
costs,  charges  or  expenses,  or  any  other  mat- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


699 


ter  whatsoever,  in  pursuance  of  orders,  direc- 
tions. decisions  or  instructions  of  any  court 
or  of  any  department  of  the  Government  of 
any  of  the  High  Contracting  Parties,  made 
or  given.  or  purporting  to  be  made  or  given 
an  pursuance  of  war  legislation  with  regard 
to  enemy  property,  rights  or  interests,  is  con-t 
firmed.  Provided  that  the  provisions  of  this 
paragraph  shall  not  be  held  to  prejudice  the 
titles  to  property  heretofore  acquired  in  good 

oun?yd  fi  SSSf 
nati°nals  Of  the  A 


provisions  of  this  paragraph  do  not  ap- 
ply to  such  of  the  above-mentioned  measures 
as  have  been  taken  by  the  German  authorities 
m  invaded  or  occupied  territory,  nor  to  such 
of  the  above-mentioned  measures  as  have  been 
taken  by  Germany  or  the  German  authorities 
since  November  11,  1918.  all  of  which  shall 
be  void. 

2. 

No  claim  or  action  shall  be  made  or  brought 
against  any  Allied  or  Associated  Power  or 
against  any  person  acting  on  behalf  of  or  un- 
der the  direction  of  any  legal  authority  or  De- 
partment of  the  Government  of  such  a  Power 
by  Germany  or  by  any  German  national 
wherever  resident  in  respect  of  any  act  or 
omission  with  regard  to  his  property,  rights  or 
interests  during  the  war  or  in  preparation  for 
the  war.  Similarly  no  claim  or  action  shall  be 
made  or  brought  against  any  person  in  re- 
spect of  any  act  or  omission  under  or  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  exceptional  war  measures, 
laws  or  regulations  of  any  Allied  or  Associ- 
J  Power. 


ated 


' 


In  Article  297  and  this  Annex  the  ex- 
pression "exceptional  war  measures"  includes 
measures  of  all  kinds,  legislative,  adminis- 
trative, judicial  or  others,  that  have  been  tak- 
en or  will  be  taken  hereafter  with  regard  to 
enemy  property,  and  which  have  had  or  will 
have  the  effect  of  removing  from  the  propri- 
etors the  power  of  disposition  over  their 
property,  though  without  affecting  the  own- 
ership. such  as  measures  of  supervision,  of 
compulsory  administration,  and  of  sequestra- 
tion; or  measures  which  have  had  or  will 
have  as  an  object  the  seizure  of.  the  use  of, 
or  the  interference  with  enemy  assets,  lor 
whatsoever  motive,  under  whatsoever  form  or 
in  whatsoever  place.  Acts  in  the  execution  of 
these  measures  include  all  detentions,  instruc- 
tions, orders  or  decrees  of  Government  depart- 
ments or  courts  applying-  these  measures  to 
enemy  property,  as  well  as  acts  performed  by 
any  person  connected  with  the  administration 
or  the  supervision  of  enemy  property,  such  as 
the  payment  of  debts,  the  collecting  of  cred- 
its. the  payment  of  any  costs,  charges  or  ex- 
penses. or  the  collecting  of  fees. 

Measures  of  transfer  are  those  which  have 
affected  or  will  affect  the  ownership  of  enemy 
property  by  transferring'  it  in  whole  or  in 
part  to  a  person  other  than  the  enemy  owner, 
and  without  his  consent,  such  as  measures  di- 


recting the   sale,   liquidation,    or  devolution   of 
ownership  in  enemy  p 
of  titles  or  securities. 


property,  or  the  cancelling 


All  property,  rig-hts  and  interests  of  Ger- 
man nationals  within  the  territory  of  any  Al- 
lied or  Associated  Power  and  the  net  proceeds 
of  their  sale,  liquidation  or  other  dealing  there- 
with may  be  chargred  by  that  Allied  or  Asso- 
ciated Power  in  the  first  place  with  payment 
of  amounts  due  in  respect  of  claims  by  tne 
nationals  of  that  Allied  or  Associated  Power 
with  regard  to  their  property,  rights  and  in- 
terests, including  companies  and  associations  in 
which  they  are  interested,  in  German  territory, 
or  debts  owing  to  them  by  German  nationals, 
and  with  paymerrt  of  claims  growing  out  of 
arts  committed  by  the  German  Government  or 
by  any  German  authorities  since  July  31,  1914, 
and  before  that  Allied  or  Associated  Power  en- 
tered into  the  war.  The  amount  of  such 


claims  may  be  assessed  by  an  arbitrator  ap- 
pointed by  Mr.  Gustavo  Ador.  if  he  is  willing, 
or  if  no  such  appointment  is  made  by  him, 
by  an  arbitrator  appointed  by  the  Mixed  Ar- 
bitral Tribunal  provided  for  in  Section  VI. 
They  may  be  charged  in  the  second  place 
with  payment  of  the  amounts  due  in  respect 
of  claims  by  the  nationals  of  such  Allied  or 
Associated  Power  with  regard  to  their  prop- 
erty, rights  and  interests  in  the  territory  of 
other  enemy  Powers,  in  so  far  as  those  claims 
are  otherwise  unsatisfied. 

5. 

Notwithstanding1  the  provisions  of  Article 
297  where  immediately  before  the  outbreak 
of  war  a  company  incorporated  in  an  Allied  or 
\ssociated  State  had  rights  in  common  with 
a  company  controlled  by  it  and  incorporated 
in  Germany  to  the  use  of  trade-marks  in  third 
countries,  or  enjoyed  the  use  in  common 
with  such  company  of  unique  means  of  re- 
production of  goods  or  articles  for  sale  in 
third  countries,  the  former  company  shall 
alone  have  the  right  to  nse  these  trade-marks 
in  third  countries  to  the  exclusion  of  the  Ger- 
man company,  and  these  unique  means  of  re- 
production shall  be  handed  over  to  the  former 
company,  notwithstanding  any  action  taken 
under  German  war  legislation  wifh  regard  to 
the  latter  company  or  its  business,  industrial 
property  or  shares.  Nevertheless,  the  former 
company,  if  requested,  shall  deliver  the  lat- 
ter company  derivative  copies  permitting  the 
continuation  of  reproduction  of  articles  for  use 
within  German  territory. 

6. 

Up  to  the  time  when  restitution  is  carried 
put  in  accordance  with  Article  297.  Germany 
is  responsible  for  the  conservation  of  property, 
rights  and  interests  of  the  nationals  of  Allied 
or  Associated  Powers^  including  companies  and 
associations  in  which  they  are  interested  that 
have  been  subjected  by  her  to  exceptional 
war  measures. 

7. 

Within  one  year  from  the  comingr  into  force 
of  the  present  Treaty  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Powers  will  specify  the  property,  rights  and 
interests  over  which  they  intend  to  exercise 
the  right  provided  in  Article  297.  paragraph 

8. 

The  restitution  provided  in  Article  297  will 
be  carried  out  by  order  of  the  German  Gov- 
ernment or  of  the  authorities  which  have  been 
substituted  for  it.  Detailed  accounts  of  the 
action  of  administrators  shall  be  furnished 
to  the  interested  persons  by  the  German  au- 
thorities upon  request,  which  may  be  made  at 
any  time  after  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty. 

9. 

f  Until  completion  of  the  liquidation  provided 
for  by  Article  297,  paragraph  (b),  the  prop- 
rt.v.  rights  and  interests  of  German  nationals 
will  continue  to  be  subject  to  exceptional  war 
measures  that  have  been  or  will  be  taken  with 
regard  to  them. 

10. 

Germany  will,  within  six  months  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  de- 
liver to  each  Allied  or  Associated  Power  all 
securities,  certificates,  deeds,  or  other  docu- 
ments of  title  held  by  its  nationals  and  re- 
lating to  prooerty.  rights  or  interests  situated 
in  the  territory  of  that  Allied  or  Associated 
Power,  including1  any  shares,  stock,  debentures, 
debenture  stock,  or  other  obligations  of  any 
company  incorporated  in  accordance  with  the 
laws  of  that  Power. 

Germany  will  at  any  time  on  demand  of  any 
Allied  or  Associated  Power  furnish  soich  in- 
formation as  may  be  required  with  regard  to 
tho  property,  rights  and  interests  of  German 
nationals  within  the  territory  of  such  Allied 
or  Associated  Power,  or  with  regard  to  any 
transactions  concerning1  such  property,  rights 
or  interests  effected  since  July  1,  1914. 


600 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


11. 

The  expression  "cash  assets"  includes  all 
deposits  or  funds  established  before  or  after 
the  declaration  of  war.  as  well  as  all  assets 
coming1  from  deposits,  revenues  or  profits  col- 
lected by  administrators,  sequestrators  or  oth- 
ers from  funds  placed  on  deposit  or  otherwise. 
but  does  not  include  sums  belonging1  to  the 
Allied  or  Associated  Powers  or  to  their  com- 
ponent States.  Provinces,  or  Municipalities. 
12. 

All  investments  wheresoever  effected  with 
the  cash  assets  of  nationals  of  the  High  Con- 
tracting" Parties,  including1  companies  and  as- 
sociations in  which  such  nationals  were  in- 
tere'sted.  by  persons  responsible  for  the  ad- 
ministration of  enemy  properties  or  having1 
control  over  such  administration,  or  by  order 
of  such  persons  or  of  any  authority  whatso- 
ever shall  be  annulled.  These  cash  assets  shall 
be  accounted  for  irrespective  of  any  such  in- 
vestment. 

13. 

Within  one  month  from  the  coming1  into  force 
of   the  present  Treaty,    or   on  demand   at   any 
ill  de 


time.   Germany  wi 

Associated  Powers  all  accounts,  vouchers,  rec- 


liver to  the  Allied  and 
accounts,  vouchers,  rec- 

ords, documents  and  information  of  any  kind 
which  may  be  within  German  territory  ana 
which  concern  the  property,  rights  and  inter- 
ests of  the  nationals  of  those  Powers,  includ- 
ing companirs  and  associations  in  which  they 
are  interested,  that  have  been  subjected  to  an 
exceptional  war  measure,  or  to  a  measure  of 
transfer  either  in  German  territory  or  in  ter- 
ritory occupied  by  Germany  or  her  allies. 

The  controllers,  supervisors,  managers,  ad- 
ministrators. sequestrators.  liquidators  and  re- 
ceivers shall  be  personally  responsible  under 
guarantee  of  the  German  Government  for  the 
immediate  delivery  in  full  of  these  accounts 
and  documents,  and  for  their  accuracy. 
14. 

The  provisions  of  Article.  297  and  this  Annex 
relating  to  property,  rights  and  interests  in 
an  enemy  country,  and  the  proceeds  of  the 
liquidation  thereof,  apply  to  debts,  credits  and 
accounts.  Section  III  regulating1  only  the 
method  of  payment. 

In  the  settlement  of  matters  provided  for 
in  Article  297  between  Germany  and  the  Al- 
lied or  Associated  States,  their  colonies  or 
protectorates,  or  any  one  of  the  British  Do- 
minions or  India,  in  respect  of  any  of  which 
a  declaration  shall  not  have  been  made  that 
they  adopt  Section  III.  and  between  their  re- 
spective nationals  the  provisions  of  Section 
III  revspec'ing  the  cuirency  in  which  payment 
is  to  be  made  and  the  rate  of  exchange  and 
of  interest  shall  apply  unless  the  Government 
of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Power  concerned 
shall  within  -six  months  of  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty  notify  Germany 
that  the  said  provisions  are  not  to  be  ap- 
plied. 

15 

The  provisions  of  Article  297  and  this  An- 
nex apply  to  industrial,  literary  and  artistic 
property  which  has  been  or  will  be  dealt  with 
in  the  liquidation  of  property,  rights,  interests, 
companies  or  businesses  under  war  legislation 
by  the  Allied  or  Associated  Powers,  or  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  stipulations  of  Article  297. 
paragraph  (b)  . 

Section  V. 

CONTRACTS,  PRESCRIPTIONS.  JUDGMENTS. 
Article  299. 

(a)  Any  contract  concluded  between  enemies 
shall  be  regarded  as  having  been  dissolved  as 
from   the   time  when    any   two   of    the   parties 
became  enemies,  except  in  respect  of  anv  debt 
or    other   pecuniary    obligation    arising   6ut    of 
any   act  done   or   money  paid  thereunder,    and 
subject  to  the  exceptions  and  special  rules  with 
regard    to    particular    contracts    or    classes    of 
hereto0       contained    herein    or    in    the    Annex 

(b)  Any   contract    of   which    the    execution 


- 


Pe8o 
ance    with    a   contract   between 


Article  SOO. 

*  P°r 


3 


en  nmanntooe 
a  national  of  an  Allied  or  Associ- 
ated Power  the  claim  of  such  national  shall. 
f  the  matter  does  not  fall  within  the  com^ 
petence  of  the  Courts  of  an  Allied  or  Asso- 
ociated  Power  be  heard  by  the  Mixed  Arbitral 
Tribunal  provided  for  by  Section  VI. 

(c)  Upon   the   application    of   any   interested 
person  who  is  a  national  of  an  Allied  or  As- 
sociated   Power    the    Mixed    Arbitral    Tribunal 
shall  order  the  restoration  of  the  rights  which 
have  been  prejudiced  by  the  measures  of  exe- 
cution referred  to  in  paragraph   (b),  wherever. 
having  regard  to  the  particular  circumstances 
of  the  case,  such  restoration  is  equitable  and 
possible. 

If  such  restoration  is  inequitable  or  impos- 
sible the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  may  grant 
compensation  to  the  prejudiced  party  to  be 
t>aid  by  the  German  Government. 

(d)  Wh^T-p   a    contract  Iv^'een  enemies  has 
been  dissolved  by  reason  either  of  failure  on 
the  part   of  either  party  to  carry  out  its  pro- 
visions or  of  the  exercise  of  a  right  stipulat- 
ed in  the  contract   itself   th<>  party  prejudiced 
may  apply  to  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  for 
relief.    The    Tribunal    will    have    the    powers 
prov:d°d  for  in  paragraph    (c). 

(e)  The   provisions    of    the    preceding    para- 
graphs of  this  Article  shall  apply  to   the  na- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


601 


tionals  of  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  who 
have  been  prejudiced  by  reason  of  measures 
referred  to  above  taken  by  Germany  in  in- 
vaded or  occupied  territory,  if  they  have  not 
been  otherwise  compensated. 

(f)  Germany    shall   cpmpensate      any      third 
party  who  may  be  prejudiced  by  any  restitu- 
tion or  restoration  ordered  by  the  Mixed  Ar- 
bitral   Tribunal    under    the    provisions    of    the 
preceding-  paragraphs  of  this  Article. 

(g)  As   regards    negotiable    instruments,    the 
period  of   three  months   provided  under  para- 
graph   (a)    shall  commence   as   from   the  date 
on  which  any   exceptional  regulations   applied 
in  the  territories  of  the  interested  Power  with 
regard    to    negotiable    instruments    shall    have 
definitely  ceased  to  have  force. 

Article  SOI. 

As  between  enemies  no  negotiable  instru- 
ment made  before  the  war  shall  be  deemed 
to  have  become  invalid  by  reason  only  of 
failure  within  the  required  time  to  present 
the  instrument  for  acceptance  or  payment  or 
to  give  notice  of  non-acceptance  or  non-pay- 
ment to  drawers  or  indorsers  or  to  protest  the 
instrument,  nor  by  reason  of  failure  to  com- 
plete any  formality  during  the  war. 

Where  the  period  within  which  a  negotiable 
instrument  should  have  been  presented  for  ac- 
ceptance or  for  payment,  or  with:n  which 
notice  of  non-acceptance  or  non-payment  should 
have  been  given  to  the  drawer  or  indorser.  or 
within  which  the  instrument  should  have  been 
protested,  has  elap?ed  during1  the  war,  and  the 
party  who  should  have  presented  or  protested 
the  instrument  or  have  given  notice  of  non- 
acceptance  or  non-payment  has  failed  to  do  so 
during  the  war.  a  period  of  not  less  than  three 
months  from  the  coming  into  fq^ce  of  the 
present  Treaty  shall  be  allowed  within  which 
presentation,  notice  of  non-acceptance  or  non- 
payment or  protest  may  be  made. 
Article  502. 

Judgments  given  by  the  Courts  of  an  Allied 
or  Associated  Power  in  all  cases,  which, 
under  the  present  Treaty,  they  are  competent 
to  decide,  shall  be  recognised  in  Germany 
aa  final,  and  shall  be  enforced  without  it 
being-  necessary  to  have  them  declared  execu- 

If"  a  judgment  in  respect  to  any  dispute 
which  may  have  arisen  has  been  given  dur- 
ing1 the  war  by  a  German  Court  against  a 
national  of  an  Allied  or  Associated  State  in 
a  case  in  which  he  was  not  able  to  maKe 
his  defence,  the  Alli-d  or  Associated  na- 
tional who  has  suffered  prejudice  thereby 
"hall  be  entitled  to  recover  compensation,  to 
be  fixed  by  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  pro- 
vided for  in  Section  VI. 

At  the  instance  of  the  national  of  the  Allied 
or  Associated  Power  the  compensation  above- 
mentioned  may.  noon  ordor  to  that  effect 
of  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal,  be  effected 
where  it  is  possible  by  replacing-  the  parties 
in  the  situation  which  they  oeoup'rd  befo-e 
the  judgment  was  given  by  the  German  .Court. 

The  above  compunction  mpy  HjurwlM  be 
obtained  before  the  M'xed  Arbitral  Tribunal 
by  the  nationals  of  Allied  or  Associated  Pow- 
ers who  have  suffered  prejudice  by  judioisl 
measures  taken  in  jnv-dod  or  occupied  terri- 
tories, if  they  have  not  been  otherwise  com- 
pensated. AftMe  s()g 

For  the  purpose  of  Sections  HI.  IV.  V  and 
VIE.  the  expression  "during  the  war"  means 
for  each  Allied  or  Associ?'t**d  Power  the  pe- 
riod between  the  commencement  of  the  state 
of  war  between  that  Power  and  Germany  and 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

ANNEX. 
7.     General   Provisions. 

Within  the  meaning  of'  Articles  299.  300  and 
301.  the  parties  to  a  con'.ract  shall  be  re- 
g-arded  as  enemies  when  trading  between  them 


shall  have  been  prohibited  or  otherwise  be- 
came unlawful  under  laws,  orders  or  regula- 
tions to  which  one  of  those  parties  was  sub- 
ject. They  shall  be  deemed  to  have  become 
enemies  from  the  date  when  such  trading- 
was  prohibited  or  otherwise  became  unlawful. 

2. 

The  following-  classes  of  contracts  are  ex- 
cepted  from  dissolution  by  Article  299  and, 
without  prejudice  to  the  rights  contained  in 
Article  297  (b)  of  Section  IV.  remain  in 
force  subject  to  the  application  of  domestic 
laws,  orders  or  regulations  made  during  the 
war  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  and 
subject  to  the  terms  of  the  contracts: 

(a)  Contracts   haviog1   for   their   object   the 
transfer    of    estates    or    of    real    or    personal 
property     where     the     property     therein     had 
passed    or   the   object   had   been   delivered   be- 
fore  the   parties    became   enemies: 

(b)  Leases    and    agreements    for    leases    ol 
land  and  houses: 

(c)  Contracts  of   mortgag-e.    pledge  or  lien; 

(d)  Concessions   concerning-   mines,    quarries 
or  deposits: 

(e)  Contracts   between   individuals  or   com- 
panies   and    States,    provinces,    municipalities, 
or     other     similar     juridical     persons     charged 
with  administrative  functions,  and  concessions 
granted  by  States,  provinces,  municipalities,  or 
other   similar  juridicial   persons  charged   with 
administrative  functions. 

3. 

If  the  provisions  of  a  contract  are  in  part 
dissolved  under  Article  209.  the  remaining- 
provisions  of  that  contract  shall,  subject  to 
the  concurrence  of  the  original  insurer,  be 
provided  for  in  paragraph  2.  continue  in  force 
if  they  are  severable.  but  where  they  are  not 
severable  the  contract  shall  be  deemed  to 
have  been  dissolved  in  its  entirety. 
11.  Provisions  Relating  to  Certain  Classes  of 
Contracts. 

Stock  Exchange  and  Commercial  Exchange 

Contracts. 

4. 

(a)  Rules  made  during-  the  war  by  any  rec- 
ognised Exchange  or  Commercial  Associatien 
providing-  for  the  closure  of  contracts  en- 
tered into  before  the  war  by  an  enemy  are 
confirmed  by  the  High  Contracting-  Parties,  as 
also  any  action  taken  thereunder,  provided: 

(1)  That  the  contract  was  expressed  to  be 
made  subject  to  the  rules  of  the  Exchange  or 
Association    in    question: 

(2)  That   the  rules   applied  to   all   persons 

(3)  That    the    conditions   attaching    to   the 


closure  were  fair  and  reasonable. 

._,    >h  shall  not  ap- 
ply   to    rules    made   during    the    occupation    by 


(b)    The 


ling   paragraph  shall  not 


Exchanges   or  Commercial  Associations  in  the 
districts  occupied  by   the  enemy. 

vc)    The  closure  of  contracts  relating  to  cot- 
ton  "futures."   which  were  closed   as  on  July 
31,  1914,  under  the  decision  of  the  Liverpool 
Cotton  Association,   is   also  confirmed. 
Security. 
6. 

The  sale  of  a  security  held  for  an  unpaid 
debt  owing  by  an  enemy  shall  be  deemed  to 
have  been  valid  irrespective  of  notice  to  the 
owner  if  the  creditor  acted  in  good  faith  and 
with  reasonable  care  and  prudence,  and  no 
claim  by  the  debtor  on  the  ground  of  such 
sale  shall  be  admitted. 

This  stipulation  shall  not  apply  to  any  sale 
of  securities  effected  by  an  enemy  during  the 
occupation  in  regions  invaded  or  occupied  by 
the  enemy. 

Negotiable  Instruments. 
6 

As  regards  Powers  which  adopt  Section  IU 
and  the  Annex  thereto  the  pecuniary  obliga- 
tions existing  between  enemies  and  resulting 
Irom  the  issue  of  negotiable  instruments  shall 
be  adjusted  in  conformity  with  the  said  An- 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


nex  by  the  instrumentality  of  the  Clearing 
Offices,  which  shall  assume  the  rights  of  the 
holder  as  regards  the  various  remedies  open 
to  him. 

7. 

If  a  person  has  either  before  or  during  the 
war  become   liable   upon    a    negotiable   instru- 
ment in  accordance  with  an  undertaking  given 
to  him  by  a  person  who  has  subsequently  be- 
come an  enemy,  the  latter  shall  remain  liable 
to    indemnify    the    former    in    respect    of    his 
liability  notwithstanding  the  outbreak  of  war. 
///.    Contracts  of  Insurance. 
8. 

Contracts   of  insurance  entered  into   by    any 
person  with  another  person  who  subsequently 
became   an  enemy   will   be  dealt   with   in   ac- 
cordance with   the  following  paragraphs. 
Fire  Insurance. 
9. 

Contracts  for  the  insurance  of  property 
against  fire  entered  into  by  a  person  inter- 
ested in  such  property  with  another  person 
who  subsequently  became  an  enemy  shall  not 
be  deemed  to  have  been  dissolved  by  the  out- 
break of  war.  or  by  the  fact  of  the  person  be- 
coming an  enemy,  or  on  account  of  the  failure 
during  the  war  and  for  a  period  of  three 
months  thereafter  to  perform  his  obligations 
under  the  contract,  but  they  shall  be  dissolved 
at  the  date  when  the  annual  premium  becomes 
payable  for  the  first  time  after  the  expiration 
of  a  period  of  three  months  after  the  com- 
ing into  force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

A  settlement  shall  be  effected  of  unpaid 
premiums  which  became  due  during  the  war, 
or  of  claims  for  losses  which  occurred  dur- 
ing the  war. 

Where  by  administrative  or  legislative  action 
an  insurance  against  fire  effected  before  the 
war  has  been  transferred  during  the  war 
from  the  original  to  another  insurer,  the 
transfer  will  be  recognised  and  the  liability 
of  the  original  insurer  will  be  deemed  to  have 
ceased  as  from  the  date  of  the  transfer.  The 
original  insurer  will,  however,  be  entitled  to 
receive  on  demand  full  information  as  to  the 
terms  of  the  transfer,  and  if  it  should  ap- 
pear that  these  terms  were  not  equitable  they 
shall  be  amended  so  far  as  may  be  necessary 
to  render  them  equitable. 

Furthermore,  the  insured  shall,  subject  to 
the  concurrence  of  the  original  insurer,  be 
entitled  to  retransfer  the  contract  to  the 
original  insurer  as  from  the  date  of  the  de- 
mand. 

Life  Insurance. 
11. 

Contracts  of  life  insurance  entered  into  be- 
tween an  insurer  and  a  person  who  subse- 
quently became  an  enemy  shall  not  be  deemed 
to  have  been  dissolved  by  the  outbreak  of 
war.  or  by  the  iact  of  the  person  becoming  an 

Any  'sum  which  during  the  war  became  due 
upon  a  contract  deemed  not  to  have  been  dis- 
solved under  the  preceding  provision  shall  be 
recoverable  after  the  war  with  the  addition 
of  interest  at  five  per  cent,  per  annum  from 
the  date  of  its  becoming  due  up  to  the  day  of 
payment. 

Where  the  contract  has  lapsed  during  the 
war  owing  to  non-payment  of  premiums,  or 
lias  become  void  from  breach  of  the  conditions 
of  the  contract,  the  assured  or  his  representa- 
tives or  the  person  entitled  shall  have  the 
right  at  any  time  within  twelve  months  of 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  to 
claim  from  the  insurer  the  surrender  value 
of  the  policy  at  the  date  of  its  lapse  or 
avoidance. 

Where  the  contract  has  lapsed  during  the 
war  owing  to  non-payment  of  premiums  the 
payment  of  which  has  been  prevented  by  the 
enforcement  of  measures  of  war.  the  assured 
or  his  representative  or  the  persons  entitled 
shall  have  the  right  to  restore  the  contract  on 


payment  of  the  premiums  with  interest  at 
five  per  cent,  per  annum  within  three  months 
from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty. 

12. 

Any  Allied  or  Associated  Power  may  within 
three  months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty  cancel  all  the  contracts  of  in- 
surance running  between  a  German  insurance 
company  and  its  nationals  under  conditions 
which  shall  protect  its  nationals  from  any 
prejudice. 

To  this  end  the  German  insurance  company 
will  hand  over  to  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Government  concerned  the  proportion  of  its 
assets  attributable  to  the  policies  so  can- 
celled and  will  be  relieved  from  all  liability 
in  respect  of  such  policies.  The  assets  to  be 
handed  over  shall  be  determined  by  an  actu- 
ary appointed  by  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal. 
13. 

Where  contracts  of  life  insurance  have  been 
entered  into  by  a  local  branch  of  an  insur- 
ance company  established  in  a  country  which 
subsequently  became  an  enemy  country,  the 
contract  shall,  in  the  absence  of  any  stipula- 
tion to  the  contrai  >  in  the  contract  itself,  be 
governed  by  the  local  law.  but  the  insurer 
shall  be  entitled  to  demand  from  the  insured 
or  his  representatives  the  refund  of  sums  paid 
on  claims  made  or  enforced  under  measures 
taken  during  the  war.  if  the  making  or  en- 
forcement of  such  claims  was  not  in  accord- 
ance with  the  terms  of  the  contract  itself  or 
was  not  consistent  with  the  laws  or  treaties 
existing  at  the  time  when  it  was  entered  into. 
14. 

In  any  case  where  by  the  law  applicable  to 
the  contract  the  insurer  remains  bound  by 
the  contract  notwithstanding  the  non-payment 
of  premiums  until  notice  is  given  to  the  in- 
sured of  the  termination  of  the  contract,  he 
shall  be  entitled  where  the  giving  of  such 
notice  was  prevented  by  the  war  to  recover 
the  unpaid  premiums  with  interest  at  five  per 
cent,  per  annum  from  the  insured. 
15. 

Insurance  contracts  shall  be  considered  as 
contracts  of  life  assurance  for  the  purpose  of 
paragraphs  11  to  14  when  they  depend  on 
the  probabilities  of  human  life  combined  with 
the  rate  of  interest  for  the  calculation  of  the 
reciprocal  engagements  between  the  two  par 

Marine  Insurance, 

16.  \ 

Contracts  of  marine  insurance  including  time 
policies  and  voyage  policies  entered  into  be- 
tween an  insurer  and  a  person  who  subse- 
quently became  an  enemy,  shall  be  deemed 
to  have  been  dissolved  on  his  becoming  an 
enemy,  except  in  cases  where  the  risk  under- 
taken in  the  contract  had  attached  before  (he 
became  an  enemy. 

Where  the  risk  had  not  attached,  money 
paid  by  way  of  premium  or  otherwise  shall  be 
recoverable  from  the  insurer. 

Where  the  risk  had  attached  effect  shall  be 
given  to  the  contract  notwithstanding  the 
party  becoming  an  enemy,  and  sums  due  under 
the  contract  either  by  way  of  premiums  or 
in  respect  of  losses  shall  be  recoverable  after 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

In  the,  event  of  any  agreement  being  come 
to  for  the  payment  of  interest  on  sums  due 
before  the  war  to  or  by  the  nationals  of 
States  which  have  been  at  war  and  recov- 
ered after  the  war,  such  interest  shall  in  the 
case  of  losses  recoverable  under  contracts  of 
marine  insurance  run  from  the  expiration  of 
a  period  of  one  year  from  the  date  of  the 
loss. 

•  No  contract  of  marine  insurance  with  an 
insured  person  AW'IO  subsequently  became  an 
enemy  shall  be  deemed  to  cover  losses  due 
to  belligerent  action  by  the  Power  of  which 
the  insurer  was  a  national  or  by  the  allies  or 
associates  of  such  Power. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


603 


18. 

Where  it  is  shown  tnat  a  person  who  had 
before  the  war  entered  into  a  contract  oi 
marine  insurance  with  an  insurer  who  sub- 
sequently became  an  enemy  entered  alter  the 
outbreak  of  war  into  a  new  contract  covering' 
the  same  risk  with  an  insurer  who  was  not 
an  enemy,  the  new  contract  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  substituted  for  the  original  contract  as 
from  the  date  when  it  was  entered  into,  and 
the  premiums  payable  shall  b5  adjusted  on  the 
basis  of  the  original  insurer  having1  remained 
liable  on  the  contract  only  up  till  the  time 
when  the  new  contract  was  entered  into. 
Other  Insurances. 
19. 

Contracts  of  insurance  entered  into  before 
the  war  between  an  insurer  and  a  person  who 
subsequently  became  an  enemy,  other  than 
contracts  dealt  with  in  paragraphs  9  to  18. 
shall  be  treated  in  all  respects  on  the  same 
footing  as  contracts  of  fire  insurance  between 
the  same  persons  would  be  dealt  with  under 
the  said  paragraphs. 

He-Insurance. 
20. 

All  treaties  of  re-insurance  with  a  person 
who  became  an  enemy  shall  be  regarded  as 
having  been  abrogated  by  the  person  becoming 
an  enemy,  but  without  prejudice  in  the  case 
of  life  or  marine  risks  which  had  attached 
before  the  war  to  the  right  to  recover  pay- 
ment after  the  war  for  sums  due  in  respect 
of  such  risks. 

Nevertheless  if.  owing  to  invasion,  it  has 
been  impossible  for  the  re-insured  to  find  an- 
other re-insurer,  the  treaty  shall  remain  in 
force  until  three  months  after  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

Where  a  re-insurance  treaty  becomes  void 
under  this  paragraph,  there  shall  be  an  ad- 
justment of  accounts  between  the  parties  in 
respect  both  of  premiums  paid  and  payable 
and  of  liabilities  for  losses  in  respect  of  life 
or  marine  risks  which  had  attached  before 
the  war.  In  the  case  of  risks  other  than 
those  mentioned  in  paragmnhs  11  to  18  the 
adjustment  of  accounts  shall  be  made  as  at 
the  date  of  the  parties  b°coming  enemies  with- 
out regard  to  claims  for  losses  which  may 
have  occurred  since  that  date. 
21. 

The  provisions  of  the  preceding  paragraph 
will  extend  equally  to  re-insurances  existing  at 
the  date  of  the  parties  becoming  enemies  9! 
particular  risks  undertaken  by  the  insurer  in 
a  contract  of  insurance  against  any  risks 
other  than  life  or  marine  risks. 
22. 

Re-insurance  of  life  risks  effected  by  par- 
ticular contracts  and  not  under  any  general 
treaty  remain  in  force. 

The  provisions  of  paragraph  12  apply  to 
treaties  of  re-insurance  of  life  insurance  con- 
tracts in  which  enemy  companies  are  the  re- 
insurers. 

23. 

In  case  of  a  re-insurance  effected  before  the 
war  of  a  contract  of  marine  insurance,  the 
cession  of  a  risk  which  had  been  ceded  to 
the  re-insurer  shall,  if  it  had  attached  before 
the  outbreak  of  the  war,  remain  valid  and 
effect  be  given  to  the  contract,  notwithstand- 
ing the  outbreak  of  war;  sums  due  under  the 
contract  of  re-insurance  in  respect  either  of 
premiums  or  of  losses  shall  be  recoverable 
after  the  -war. 

24. 

The  provisions  of  paragraphs  17  and  18  and 
the  last  part  of  paragraph  16  shall  apply  to 
contracts  for  the  re-insurance  of  marine  risks. 

Section  VI. 

MIXED   ARBITRAL  TRIBUNAL. 
Article  SO*. 

(a)    Within  three   months  from  the  date  of 


the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty, 
a  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  shall  be  established 
between  each  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  on  the  one  hand  and  Germany  on  the 
other  hand.  Each  such  Tribunal  shall  con- 
sist of  three  members.  Each  01  the  Govern- 
ments concerned  shall  appoint  one  of  these 
members.  The  President  shall  be  chosen  by 
agreement  between  the  two  Governments  con- 
cerned. 

In  case  of  failure  to  reach  agreement,  the 
President  of  the  Tribunal  and  two  other  per- 
sons either  of  whom  may  in  case  of  need 
take  his  place,  shall  be  chosen  by  the  Coun- 
cil of  the  League  of  Nations,  or.  until  this 
is  set  up.  by  M.  Gustave  Ador  if  he  is  willing. 
These  persons  shall  be  nationals  of  Powers 
that  have  remained  neutral  during  the  war. 

If  any  Government  does  not  proceed  within 
a  period  of  one  month  in  case  there  is  a 
vacancy  to  appoint  a  member  of  the  Tribunal, 
such  member  shall  be  chosen  by  the  other 
Government  from  the  two  persons  mentioned 
above  other  than  the  President. 

The  decision  of  the  majority  of  the  members 
of  the  Tribunal  shall  be  the  decision  of  the 

(b)  The    Mixed     Arbitral    Tribunals  estab- 
lished pursuant  to  paragraph    (a)    shall  decide 
all    questions    within    then-    competence  under 
Sections  III.   IV.   V    and  VII. 

In  addition,  all  questions,  whatsoever  their 
nature,  relating  to  contracts  concluded  beiore 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty 
between  nationals  of  the  Allied  and  Associ- 
ated Powers  and  German  nationals  shall  be 
decided  by  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal,  al- 
ways excepting  questions  which,  under  the  laws, 
of  the  Allied.  Associated  or  Neutral  Powers, 
are  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  National 
Courts  of  those  Powers.  Such  questions  shall 
be  decided  by  the  National  Courts  in  ques- 
tion, to  the  exclusion  of  the  Mixed  Arbitral 
Tribunal.  The  party  who  is  a  national  of  an 
Allied  or  Associated  Power  may  nevertheless 
bring  the  case  before  the  Mixed  Arbitral 
Tribunal  if  this  is  not  prohibited  by  the  laws 
of  his  country. 

(c)  If   the  number  of  cases   justifies  it.   ad- 
ditional members  shall  be  appointed  and  each 
Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  shall  sit  in  divisions. 
Each  of  these  divisions  will  be  constituted  as 

3  (cTf'Each  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal  will  set- 
tle its  own  procedure  except  in  so  far  as  it 
is  provided  in  the  following  Annex,  and  it  is 
empowered  to  award  the  sums  to  be  paid  by 
the  loser  in  respect  of  the  costs  and  expenses 
of  the  proceedings. 

(e)  Each  Government  will  pay  the  remunera- 
tion   of    the    member    of    the    Mixed    Arbitral 
Tribunal    appointed   by    it    and    of    any    agent 
whom   it   may   appoint  to   represent   it   before 
the  Tribunal.     The  remuneration  of  the  Presi- 
dent will  be  determined  by  special   agreement 
between  the  Governments  concerned:   and  this 
remuneration    and  the   joint   expenses   of   each 
Tribunal    will    be    paid    by    the    two    Govern- 
ments in  eoual   moieties 

(f)  The  High  Contracting  Parties  agree  that 
their  court*  and  authorities  shall  render  to  the 
Mixed    Arbitral    Tribunals    direct    all    the    as- 
sistance in  their  power,  particularly  as  regards 
transmitting1   notices  and  collecting  evidence. 

(?)    The   High   Contracting  Parties   agree   to 
regard    the    decisions    of    the    Mixed    Arbitral 
Tribunal  as  final  and  conclusive,  and  to  render 
them  binding  upon  their  nationals. 
ANNEX. 

1. 

Should  one  of  the  members  of  the  Tribunal 
either  die.  retire,  or  be  unable  for  any  reason 
whatever  to  discharge  his  function,  the  same 
procedure  will  be  followed  for  filling  the  va- 
cancy as  was  followed  for  appointing  him. 

2 

The  Tribunal  may  adopt  such  rules  of  pro- 
cedure as  shall  be  in  accordance  with  justice 


604 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


and  equity  and  decide   the  order  and  time  at 
which  each  party  must  conclude  its  arguments, 
and   may   arrange  all   formalities  required  for 
dealing   with  the  evidence. 
3. 

The    agent    and    counsel    of    the    parties    on 
each  side  are  authorized  to  present  orally  and 
in  writing  to  the  Tribunal  arguments  in  sup- 
port or  in  defence  of  each  case. 
4. 

The  Tribunal  shall  keep  record  of  the  ques- 
tions and  cases  submitted  and  the  proceedings 
thereon,  with  the  dates  of  such  proceedings. 
5. 

Each  of  the  Powers  concerned  may  appoint 
a  secretary.  These  secretaries  shall  act  to- 
fir£th,erLas  J0mt  secretaries  of  the  Tribunal  and 
shall  be  subject  to  its  direction.  The  Tribunal 
may  appoint  and  employ  any  other  necessary 
officer  or  officers  to  assist  in  the  performance 

6. 

The  Tribunal  shall  decide  all  questions  and 
matters  submitted  upon  such  evidence  and  in- 
formation as  may  be  furnished  by  the  parties 

COnC6FD6<l. 

Germany    agrees    to    give    the    Tribunal    all 
facilities   and   information   required  by   it  for 
carrying   out    its   investigations. 
8. 

The  language  in  which  the  proceedings  shall 
be  conducted  shall,  unless  otherwise  agreed 
be  English.  French.  Italian  or  Japanese,  as 
may  be  determined  by  the  Allied  or  Associ- 
ated Power  concerned. 
9. 

The  place  and  time  for  the  meetings  of 
each  Tribunal  shall  be  determined  by  the 
President  of  the  Tribunal. 

Article  SOS. 
Whenever   a   competent   court   has  given    or 

fives  a  decision  in  a  case  covered  by  Sections 
II,  IV,  V.  pr  VII,  and  such  decision  is  in- 
consistent with  the  provisions  of  such  Sec- 
tions, the  party  who  is  prejudiced  by  the  de- 
cision shall  be  entitled  to  obtain  redress  which 
shall  be  fixed  by  the  Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal. 
At  the  request  of  the  national  of  an  Allied  or 
Associated  Power,  the  redress  may  whenever 
possible,  be  effected  by  the  Mixed  Arbitral 
Tribunal  directing  the  replacement  of  the 
parties  in  the  position  occupied  by  them  be- 
fore the  judgment  was  given  by  the  German 
court. 

Section  VII. 
INDUSTRIAL    PROPERTY. 

Article  SO 6. 

Subject  to  the  stipulations  of  the  present 
Treaty,  rights  ot  industrial,  literary  and  ar- 
tistic property,  as  such  property  is  defined  by 
the  International  Conventions  of  Paris  and  of 
Berne,  mentioned  in  Article  286.  shall  be  re- 
established or  restored,  as  from  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  in  the  terri- 
tories of  the  High  Contracting  Parties,  in 
favour  of  the  persons  entitled  to  the  benefit 
of  them  at  the  moment  when  the  state  of  war 
commenced  or  their  legal  representatives. 
Equally,  rights  which,  except  for  the  war, 
would  have  been  acquired  during  the  war  in 
consequence  of  an  application  made  for  the 
protection  of  industrial  property,  or  the  pub- 
lication of  a  literary  or  artistic  work,  shall 
be  recognised  and  established  in  favour  of 
those  persons  who  would  have  been  entitled 
thereto,  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty. 

Nevertheless,  all  acts  done  by  virtue  of  the 
special   measures   taken  during  the   war  under 
legislative    executive  or  administrative  author- 
ity  of   any   Allied  or  Associated   Power  in   re- 
§ard  to  the  rights  of  German  nationals  in  m- 
ustrial.  literary  or  artistic  property   shall  re- 


main in  force  and  shall  continue  to  maintain 
their  full  effect. 

No  claim  shall  be  made  or  action  brought  by 
Germany  or  German  nationals  in  respect  of 
the  use  during  the  war  by  the  Government 
of  any  Allied  or  Associated  Power,  or  by  any 
persons  acting  on  behalf  or  with  the  assent 
of  such  Government,  of  any  rights  in  indus- 
trial, literary  or  artistic  pioperty,  nor  in  re- 
spect of  the  sale,  offering  ior  sale,  or  use  of 
any  products,  articles  or  apparatus  whatsoever 
to  which  such  rights  applied. 

Unless  the  leg.slation  of  any  one  of  the 
Allied  or  Associated  Powers  in  force  at  the 
moment  of  the  signature  of  the  present  Treaty 
otherwise  directs,  sums  due  or  paid  in  virtue 
of  any  act  or  operation  resulting  from  the 
execution  of  the  special  measures  mentioned  in 
paragraph  I  of  this  Article  shall  be  dealt  with 
in  the  same  way  as  other  sums  due  to  German 
nationals  are  directed  to  be  dealt  with  by  the 
present  Treaty:  and  sums  produced  by  any 
special  measures  taken  by  the  German  Gov- 
ernment in  respect  of  rights  in  industrial, 
literary  or  artistic  property  belonging  to  the 
nationals  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Powers 
shall  be  considered  and  treated  in  the  same 
way  as  other  debts  due  from  German  nationals. 

Each  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  re- 
serves to  itself  the  right  to  impose  such  limi- 
tations, conditions  or  restrictions  on  rights  of 
industrial,  literary  or  artistic  property  (with 
the  exception  of  trade-marks)  acquired  before 
or  during  the  war,  or  which  may  be  subse- 
quently acquired  in  accordance  with  its  legis- 
lation, by  German  nationals,  whether  by 
granting  licences,  or  by  the  working,  or  by 
preserving  control  over  their  exploitation,  or 
in  any  other  way.  as  may  be  considered  neces- 
sary for  national  defence,  or  in  the  public  in- 
terest, or  for  assuring  the  fair  treatment  by 
Germany  of  the  rights  of  industrial,  literary 
and  artistic  property  held  in  German  terri- 
tory by  its  nationals,  or  for  securing  the  due 
fulfillment  of  all  the  obligations  undertaken 
by  Germany  in  the  present  Treaty.  As  re- 
gards rights  of  industrial,  literary  and  artistic 
property  acquired  after  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  Treaty,  the  right  so  reserved 
by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  shall  only 
be  exercised  in  cases  where  these  limitations, 
conditions  or  restrictions  may  be  considered 
necessary  for  national  defence  or  in  the  public 

In  the  event  of  the  application  of  the  pro- 
visions of  the  preceding1  paragraph  by  any  Al- 
lied or  Associated  Power,  there  shall  be  paid 
reasonable  indemnities  or  royalties,  which  shall 
be  dealt  with  in  the  same  way  other  sums  due 
to  German  nationals  are  directed  to  be  dealt 
with  by  the  present  Treaty. 

Each  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Powers  re- 
serves the  right  to  treat  as  void  and  of  no 
effect  any  transfer  in  whole  or  in  part  of  or 
other  dealing  with  rights  of  or  in  respect  of 
industrial,  literary  or  artistic  property  effected 
after  August  1.  1914,  or  in  the  future,  wh  ch 
would  have  the  result  of  defeating  the  objects 
of  the  provisions  of  this  Article. 

The  provisions  of  this  Article  shall  not  apply 
to  rights  in  industrial,  literary  or  artistic  prop- 
erty which  have  been  dealt  with  in  the  liqui- 
dation of  businesses  or  companies  under  war 
legislation  by  the  Allied  or  Associated  Powers, 
or  which  may  be  so  dealt  with  by  virtue  of 
Article  297,  paragraph  (b). 

Article  807. 

A  minimum  of  one  year  after  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  shall  be  ac- 
corded to  the  nationals  of  the  High  Contract- 
ing Parties,  without  extension  fees  or  other 
penalty,  in  order  to  enable  such  persons  to  ac- 
complish any  act,  fulfil  any  formality,  pay 
any  fees,  and  generally  satisfy  any  obligation 
prescribed  by  the  laws  or  regulations  of  the 
respective  States  relating  to  the  obtaining, 
preserving,  or  opposing  rights  .to,  or  in  re- 
spect of,  industrial  property  either  acquired 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


605 


before  August  1,  1914.  or  which,  except  for 
the  war.  might  have  been  acquired  since  that 
date  as  a  result  of  an  application  made  be- 
fore the  war  cr  during-  its  continuance,  but 
nothing-  in  this  Article  shall  give  any  right  to 
reopen  interference  proceedings  in  the  United 
States  of  America  where  a  final  hearing-  has 
taken  place. 

All  rig-ht  in,  or  in  respect  of.  such  property 
which  may  have  lapsed  by  reason  of  any  fail- 
ure to  accomplish  any  act.  fulfil  any  formality, 
or  make  any  payment,  shall  revive,  but  sub- 
ject in  the  case  of  patents  and  designs  to  the 
imposition  of  such  conditions  as  each  Allied 
or  Associated  Power  may  deem  reasonably  nec- 
essary for  the  protection  of  persons  who  have 
manufactured  or  made  use  of  the  subject 
matter  of  such  property  while  the  rights  had 
lapsed.  Further,  where  rights  to  patents  or 
designs  belonging-  to  German  nationals  are  re- 
vived under  this  Article,  they  shall  be  subject 
in  respect  of  the  grant  of  licences  "to  the 
same  provisions  as  would  have  been  applicable 
to  them  during-  the  war,  as  well  as  to  all  the 
provisions  of  the  present  Treaty. 

The  period  from  August  1.  1914.  until  the 
coming-  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  shall 
be  excluded  in  considering-  the  time  within 
which  a  patent  should  be  worked  or  a  trade- 
mark or  design  used,  and  it  is  further  agreed 
that  no  patent,  registered  trade-mark  or  de 
sig-n  in  force  on  August  1.  1914,  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  revocation  or  cancellation  by  reason 
only  of  the  failure  to  work  such  patent  or 
use  such  trade-mark  or  design  for  two  years 
after  the  coming-  into  force  of  the  present 

Article  ,08. 

The  rig-hts  of  priority,  provided  by  Article  4 
of  the  International  Convention  for  the  Pro- 
tection of  Industrial  Property  of  Paris.  oJ 
March  20.  1883,  revised  at  Washington  in 
1911  or  by  any  other  Convention  or  Statute, 
for  the  filing-  or  registration  of  applications 
for  patents  or  models  of  utility,  and  for  the 
registration  of  trade-marks.  designs  anc 
models  which  had  not  expired  on  August  1, 
1914,  and  those  which  have  arisen  during  the 
war  or  would  have  arisen  but  for  the  war, 
shall  be  extended  by  each  of  the  High  Con- 
tracting- Parties  in  favour  of  all  nationals  of 
the  other  High  Contracting-  Parties  for  -a  peri- 
od of  six  months  after  the  coming-  into  force 
of  the  present  Trea-ty. 

Nevertheless,  such  extension  shall  in  no  way 
affect  the  right  of  any  of  the  High  Contracting 
Parties  or  of  any  person  who  before  the  com- 
ing- into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  was  bona 
fide  in  possession  of  any  rights  of  industrial 
pVoperty  conflicting-  with  rights  applied  for  by 
another  who  claims  rights  of  priority  in  re- 
spect of  them,  to  exercise  such  rights  by  itself 
or  himself  personally,  or  by  such  agents  or  li- 
cencees  as  derived  their  rights  from  it  or  him 
before  the  corcin?  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty;  and  such  persons  shall  not  be  ame- 
nable to  any  action  or  other  process  of  law 
in  respect  of  infringement. 

Article  309. 

No  action  shall  be  brought  and  no  claim 
made  by  persons  residing-  or  carrying-  on  busi- 
ness within  the  territories  of  Germany  on  the 
one  part  and  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Pow 
ers  on  the  other,  or  persons  who  are  nation 
als  of  such  Powers  respectively,  or  by  any  one 
deriving-  title  during-  .the  war  from  such  per. 
sons,  by  reason  of  any  action  which  has  tak 
en  place  within  the  territory  of  the  other 
party  between  the  date  of  the  declaration  of 
war  and  that  of  the  coming-  into  force  of  the 
present  Treaty,  which  might  constitute  an  in- 
fringement of  the  rights  of  industrial  proper 
ty  or  rights  of  literary  and  artistic  property, 
either  existing-  at  any  time  during-  the  war 
or  revived  under  the  provisions  of  Articles 
307  and  308. 

Equally,  no  action  for  infnng-ement  of  in- 
dustrial literary  or  artistic  property  rights 
by  such  persons  shall  at  any  time  be  permis 


sibie  in  respect  of  the  sale  or  offering  for 
sa'.e  for  a  period  of  one  year  after  the  signa- 
ture of  the  present  Treaty  in  the  territories 
of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Powers  on  the  one 
land  or  Germany  on  the  other,  of  products  or 
articles  manufactured,  or  of  literary  or  artistic 
works  published,  during1  the  period  between 
iho  declaration  of  war  and  the  signature  of 
tha  present  Treaty,  or  against  those  who  have 
acquired  and  continue  to  use  them.  It  is  un- 
derstood, nevertheless,  that  this  provision  shall 
not  apply  when  the  possessor  of  the  rights  was 
domiciled  or  had  an  industrial  or  commercial 
establishment  in  the  districts  occupied  by  Ger- 
many during-  the  war. 

This  Article  shall  not  apply  as  between  the 
United  States  of  America  on  the  one  hand  and 
Germany  on  the  other. 

Article  S10. 

Licences  in  respect  of  industrial,  literary 
or  artistic  property  concluded  before  the  war 
between  nationals  of  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Powers  or  persons  residing-  in  their  territory 
or  carrying-  on  business  therein,  on  the  one 
part,  and  German  nationals,  on  the  other  part, 
shall  be  considered  as  cancelled  as  from  the 
date  of  the  declaration  of  war  between  Ger- 
many and  the  Allied  or  Associated  Power. 
But.  in  any  case,  the  former  beneficiary  of 
a  contract  of  this  kind  shall  have  the  rig-ht, 
within  a  period  of  six  months  after  the  com- 
ing- into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  to  de- 
mand from  the  proprietor  of  the  rights  the 
grant  of  a  new  licence,  the  conditions  of 
which,  in  default  of  agreement  between  the 
parties,  shall  be  fixed  by  the  duly  qualified 
tribunal  in  the  country  under  whose  legisla- 
tion the  rights  had  been  acquired,  except  in 
the  case  of  licences  held  in  respect  of  rights 
acquired  under  German  law.  In  such  cases 
the  conditions  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Mixed 
Arbitral  Tribunal  referred  to  in  Section  VI 
of  this  Part.  The  Tribunal  may,  if  neces- 


sary, fix  also  the  amount  which  it  may  deem 
just    should    be    paid    by    reason    of    the   ~ 
of  the  rights  during-  the  war. 


just    should    be    paid    by    reason    of    tl 
:  the  rights  during-  the  war. 
No   licence   in   respect    of   industrial,   literary 


or  artistic  property,  granted  under  the  spe- 
cial war  legislation  of  any  Allied  or  Asso- 
ciated Power,  shall  be  affected  by  the  con- 
tinued existence  of  any  licence  entered  into 
before  the  war.  but  shall  remain  valid  and 
of  full  effect,  and  a  licence  so  granted  to  .the 
former  beneficiary  of  a  licence  entered  into 
before  the  war  shall  be  considered  as  substi- 
tuted for  such  licence. 

Where  sums  have  been  paid  during-  the  war 
by  virtue  of  a  licence  or  agreement  concluded 
bpfore  the  war  in  respect  of  rights  of  indus- 
trial property  or  for  the  reproduction  or  the 
representation  of  literary,  dramatic  or  artistic 
works,  these  sums  shall  be  dealt  with  in  the 
same  manner  as  other  debts  or  credits  of 
German  nationals,  as  provided  by  the  present 

TThis'  Article  shall  not  apply  as  between  the 
United    States    of    America   on   the   one   hand 
and  Germany  on  the  other. 
Article  311. 

The  inhabitants  of  territories  separated  from 
Germany  by  virtue  of  the  present  Treaty  shall, 
notwithstanding-  this  separation  and  the 
chang-e  of  nationality  consequent  thereon,  con- 
tinue to  enjoy  in  Germany  all  the  rights  in 
industrial,  literary  and  artistic  property  to 
which  they  were  entitled  under  German  legis- 
lation at  the  time  of  the  separation. 

Rierhts  of  industrial,  literary  and  artistic 
property  which  are  in  force  in  the  territories 
separated  from  Germany  under  the  present 
Treaty  at  the  moment  of  the  separation  of 
these  territories  from  Germany.,  or  which  will 
be  re-established  or  restored  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  Article  306  of  the  pres- 
ent Treaty,  shall  be  recognised  by  the  State 
to  which  the  said  territory  is  transferred  and 
shall  remain  in  force  in  that  territory  for 
the  same  period  of  tune  given  them  under 
the  German  law. 


606 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


Section  VIII. 

SOCIAL  AND  STATE  INSURANCE  IN  CEDED 
TERRITORY. 
Article  S12. 

Without  prejudice  to  the  provisions  con- 
tained in  other  Articles  of  the  present  Treaty, 
the  German  Government  undertakes  to  trans- 
fer to  any  Power  to  which  German  territory 
in  Europe  is  ceded,  and  to  any  Power  admin- 
istering1 former  German  territory  as  a  man- 
datory under  Article  22  of  Part  I  (League  of 
Nations),  such  portion  of  the  reserves  accu- 
mulated by  the  Government  of  the  German 
Empire  or  of  German  States,  or  by  public  or 
private  organisations  under  their  control,  as 
is  attributable  to  the  carrying-  on  of  Social 
or  State  Insurance  in  such  territory. 

The  Powers  to  which  these  funds  are  trans- 
ferred must  apply  them  to  the  performance 
of  vthe  obligations  arising  from  such  insur- 

The  conditions  of  the  transfer  will  be  de- 
termined by  special  conventions  to  be  con- 
cluded between  the  German  Government  and 
the  Governments  concerned. 

In  case  these  special  conventions  are  not 
concluded  in  accordance  with  the  above  para- 
graph within  three  months  after  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the  condi- 
tions of  transfer  shall  in  each  case  be  re- 
ferred to  a  Commission  of  five  members,  one 
of  whom  shall  be  appointed  by  the  German 
Government,  one  by  the  other  interested  Gov- 
ernment and  three  by  the  Governing-  Body  of 
the  International  Labour  Office  from  the  na- 
tionals of  other  States.  This  .Commission 
shall  by  majority  vote  within  three  months 
after  appointment  adopt  recommendations  for 
submission  to  the  Council  of  the  League  of 
Nntions.  and  the  decisions  of  the  Council 
shall  forthwith  be  accepted  as  final  by  Ger- 
many and  the  other  Government  concerned. 

PART    XI. 

AERIAL   NAVIGATION. 
Article  SIS. 

The  aircraft  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  shall  have  full  liberty  of  passage  and 
landing  over  and  in  the  territory  and  ter- 
ritorial waters  of  Germany,  and  .shall  enjoy 
the  same  privileges  as  German  aircraft,  par- 
ticularly in  case  of  distress  by  land  or  sea. 
Article  SU. 

The  aircraft  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  shall,  while  in  transit  to  any  foreign 
country  whatever,  enjoy  the  right  of  flying 
over  the  territory  and  territorial  waters  of 
Germany  without  landing,  subject  always  to 
any  regulations  which  may  be  made  by  Ger- 
many and  which  shall  be  applicable  equally 
to  the  aircraft  of  Germany  and  to  those  or 
the  Allied  and  Associated  countries. 
Article  S15. 

All  aerodromes  in  Germany  open  to  national 
public  traffic  shall  be  open  for  the  aircraft  of 
the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  and  in  any 
such  aerodrome  such  aircraft  shall  be  treated 
on  a  footing  of  equality  with  German  aircraft 
as  regards  charges  of  every  description,  in- 
cluding charges  for  landing  and  accommoda- 

Article  S16. 

Subject  to  the  present  provisions,  the  rights 
of  passage,  transit  and  landing,  provided 
for  in  Articles  313.  314  and  315  are  subject 
to  the  observance  of  such  regulations  as  Ger- 
many may  consider  it  necessa^  to  enact  but 
such  regulations  shall  be  applied  without  dis- 
tinction to  German  aircraft  and  to  those  of 
the  Allied  and  Associated  countries. 
Article  S17. 

Certificates  of  nationality,  airworthiness,  or 
competency,  and  licences,  i^ned  or  recognised 
as  valid  by  any  of  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Powers  shall  be  rproernised  in  Germany  as 
valid  and  as  eauiv^ent  to  the  certificates  and 
licences  issued  by  Germany. 


Article  S18. 

As  regards  internal  commercial  air  traffic,  the 
aircraft  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
shall  enjoy  in  Germany  most  favoured  nation 
treatment. 

Article  S19. 

Germany  undertakes  to  enforce  the  necessary 
measures  to  ensure  that  all  German  aircraft 
flying  over  her  territory  shall  comply  with 
the  Rules  as  to  lights  and  signals.  Rules  of 
the  Air  and  Rules  for  Air  Traffic  on  and  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  aerodromes  which  have 
been  laid  down  in  the  Convention  relative  to 
Aerial  Navigation  concluded  between  the  Al- 
lied and  Associated  Powers. 
Article  S20. 

The    obligations    imposed    by    the   preceding 

? revisions  shall  remain  in  force  until  January 
.     1923.     unless    before    that    date    Germany 
shall  have  been   admitted  into  the  League   of 
Nations    or    shall    have    been    authorised,    by 
consent   of   the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers, 
to  adhere  to  the  Convention  relative  to  Aerial 
Navigation    concluded   between    those    Powers. 
PART  XII. 

PORTS.   WATERWAYS   AND  RAILWAYS. 

Section  I. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 
Article  S21. 

Germany  undertakes  to  grant  freedom  of 
transit  through  her  territories  on  the  routes 
most  convenient  for  international  transit, 
either  by  rail,  navigable  waterway,  or  canal, 
to  persons,  goods,  vessels,  carriages,  wagons 
and  mails  coming  from  or  going  to  the  ter- 
ritories of  any  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  (whether  contiguous  or  not)  :  for  this 
purpose  the  crossing  of  territorial  waters  shall 
be  allowed.  Such  persons,  goods,  vessels,  car- 
riages, wagons  and  mails  shall  not  be  sub- 
jected to  any  transit  duty  or  to  any  undue 
delays  or  restrictions,  and  shall  be  entitled 
in  Germany  to  national  treatment  as  regards 
charges,  facilities,  and  all  other  matters 

Goods  in  transit  shall  be  exempt  from  all 
Customs  or  other  similar  duties. 

All  charges  imoosed  on  transport  in  transit 
shall  be  reasonable,  having-  regard  to  the  con 
ditions  of  the  traffic.  No  charge,  facility  or 
restriction  shall  depend  directly  or  indirectly 
on  the  ownership  or  on  the  nationality  of 
the  ship  or  other  means  of  transport  on 
which  any  part  of  the  through  journey  has 
been,  or  is  to  be.  accomplished. 
Article  S22. 

Germany  undertakes  neither  to  impose  nor 
to  maintain  any  control  over  transmigration 
traffic  through  her  territories  beyond  measures 
necessary  to  ensure  that  passengers  are  bona 
fide  in  transit:  nor  to  allow  any  shipping 
company  or  any  other  private  body,  corpora- 
tion or  person  interested  in  the  traffic  to  take 
any  part  whatever  in.  or  to  exercise  any  di- 
rect or  indirect  influence  over,  any  adminis- 
trative service  that  may  be  necessary  for  this 
purpose. 

Article  S2S. 

Germany  undertakes  to  make  no  discrimi- 
nation or  preference,  direct  or  indirect,  in 
the  duties,  charges  and  prohibitions  relating 
to  importations  into  or  exportations  from  her 
territories,  or.  subject  to  the  special  engage- 
ments contained  in  the  present  Treaty,  in  the 
charges  and  conditions  of  transport  of  goods 
or  persons  entering  or  leaving  her  territories, 
based  on  the  frontier  crossed:  or  on  the  kind, 
ownership  or  flag  of  the  means  of  transport 
(including  aircraft)  employed:  or  on 
the  original  or  immediate  place  of  departure 
of  the  vessel,  wagon  or  aircraft  or  other 
means  of  transport  enrmloyed.  or  its  ultimate 
or  intermediate  destination:  or  on  the  route 
of  or  places  of  trans-shipment  on  the  journey; 
or  on  whether  anv  port  through  which  the 
goods  are  imported  or  exported  is  a  German 
port  or  a  port  belonging  to  any  foreign  coun- 


ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


607 


try  or  on  whether  the  goods  are  imported   or 
exported  by  sea,  by  land  or  by  air. 

Germany  particularly  undertakes  not  to  es- 
tablish against  the  ports  and  vessels  of  any 
of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  any  sur- 
tax or  any  direct  or  indirect  bounty  for  ex- 
port or  import  by  German  ports  or  vessels, 
or  by  those  of  another  Power,  for  example  by 
means  of  combined  tariffs.  She  further  under- 
takes that  persons  or  goods  passing-  through 
a  port  or  using  a  vessel  of  any  of  the  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers  shall  not  be  subjected 
to  any  formality  or  delay  whatever  to  which 
such  persons  or  goods  would  not  be  subjected 
if  they  passed  through  a  German  port  or  a 
port  of  any  other  Power,  or  used  a  German 
vessel  or  a  vessel  of  any  other  Power. 
Article  S2&. 

All  necessary  administrative  and  technical 
measures  shall  be  taken  to  shorten  as  much 
as  possible  the  transmission  of  goods  across 
the  German  frontiers  and  to  ensure  their  for- 
warding and  transport  from  such  frontiers, 
irrespective  of  whether  such  goods  are  com- 
ing from  or  going  to  the  territories  of  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  or  are  in  transit 
from  or  to  those  territories,  under  the  same 
material  conditions  in  such  matters  as  rapidity 
of  carriage  and  care  en  route  as  are  epioyed 
by  other  goods  of  the  same  kind  carried  on 
German  territory  under  similar  conditions  of 
transport. 

In  particular,  the  transport  of  perishable 
goods  shall  be  promptly  and  regularly  carried 
out,  and  the  customs  formalities  shall  be 
effected  in  such  a  way  as  to  allow  the  goods 
to  be  carried  straight  through  by  trains 
which  make  connection. 

Article  S25. 

The  seaports  of  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  are  entitled  to  all  the  favours  and 
to  all  reduced  tariffs  granted  on  German  rail- 
ways or  navigable  waterways  for  the  benefit 
of  German  ports  or  of  any  port  ol  another 
Power. 

Article  S26. 

Germany  may  not  refuse  to  participate  in 
the  tariffs  or  combinations  of  tariffs  intended 
to  secure  for  ports  of  any  of  the  Allied  and 
Associated  Powers  advantages  similar  to  those 
granted  by  Germany  to  her  own  ports  or  the 
ports  of  any  other  Power. 

Section  II. 
NAVIGATION. 

Chapter  I. 

FREEDOM   OP   NAVIGATION. 
Article  527. 

The  nationals  of  any  of  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers  as  well  as  their  vessels  and 
property  shall  enjoy  in  all  German  ports  and 
on  the  inland  navigation  routes  of  Germany 
the  same  treatment  in  all  respects  as  German 
nationals,  vessels  and  property. 

la  particular  the  vessels  of  any  one  of  the 
Allied  or  Associated  Powers  shall  be  entitled 
to  transport  goods  of  any  description,  and 
passengers,  to  or  from  any  ports  or  places  in 
German  territory  to  which  German  vessels 
may  have  access,  under  conditions  which  shall 
not  be  more  onerous  than  those  applied  in  the 
case  of  national  vessels:  they  shall  be  treated 
on  a  footing  of  equality  with  national  ves- 
sels as  regards  port  and  harbour  facilities  and 
charges  of  every  description,  including  facili- 
ties for  stationing,  loading  and  unloading,  and 
duties  and  charges  of  tonnage,  harbour,  pilot- 
age, lighthouse,  quarantine,  and  all  analogous 
duties  and  charges  of  whatsoever  nature, 
levied  in  the  name  of  or  for  the  profit  of 
the  Government,  public  functionaries,  private 
individuals,  corporations  or  establishments  of 
3ny  Kino.. 

In  the  event  of  Germany  granting  a  prefer- 
ential regime  to  any  of  the  Allied  or  Asso- 
ciated Powers  or  to  any  other  foreign  Power, 


this  regime  shall  be  extended  immediately  and 
unconditionally  to  all  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers. 

There  shall  be  no  impediment  to  the  move- 
ment of  persons  or  vessels  other  than  those 
arising  from  prescriptions  concerning  customs, 
police,  sanitation,  emigration  and  immigra- 
tion. and  those  relating  to  the  import  and  ex- 
port of  prohibited  goods.  Such  regulations 
must  ^  reasonable  and  uniform  and  must  not 
impede  traffic  unnecessarily. 
Chapter  II. 

FREE  ZONES   IN  PORTS. 
Article  328. 

The  free  zones  existing  in  German  ports  on 
August  1.  1914.  ghall  be  maintained.  These 
iree  zones,  and  any  other  free  zones  which 
may  be  established  in  German  territory  by  the 
present  Treaty,  shall  be  subject  to  the  regime 
provided  for  in  the  following  Articles. 

Goods  entering  or  leaving  a  free  zone  shall 
not  be  subjected  to  any  import  or  export  duty, 
other  ihan  those  provided  for  in  Article  330. 

Vessels  and  goods  entering  a  free  zone  may 
be  subjected  to  the  charges  established  to 
cover  expenses  of  administration  upkeep  and 
improvement  of  the  port,  as  well  as  to  the 
charges  for  the  use  of  various  installations, 
provided  *hat  these  charges  shall  be  reasonable 
g  regard  to  tne  expenditure  incurred,  and 

°f 


Goods  shall  not  be   subjected   to   any   other 

charges   except   a  statistical  duty   which  shall 

v?  n   iSS6*  *  ?e^  mill°  ad  valorem,  and  which 

shall  be  devoted  exclusively  to  defraying   the 

fie  In^the     0^?tmplhnsr  statements  of  the  traf- 

Article  329. 

The  facilities  granted  for  the  erection  of 
warehouses  for  packing  and  for  unpacking- 
nS8'  Shta11,  be^n  accordance  with  trade  re- 
quirements  for  the  time  being.  All  goods  al- 
lowed to  be  consumed  in  the  free  zone  shall 
be  exempt  from  duty,  whether  of  excise  or 
of  any  other  description,  apart  from  the 
above  y  provided  for  in  Article  328 

There  shall  be  no  discrimination  in  regard 
to  any  of  the  provisions  of  the  present 
Article  between  persons  belonging  to  different 

°°**      °f 


Article  SSO. 

Import  duties  may  be  levied  on  goods  leav- 
JS?  *  fre+eu  zone  *for  consumption  in  the 
country  on  the  territory  of  which  the  port  is 
situated.  Conversely,  export  duties  may  be 
levied  on  goods  coming  from  such  country 
and  brought  into  the  free  zone.  These  im- 
port and  export  duties  shall  be  levied  on  the 
same  basis  and  at  the  same  rates  as  similar 
duties  levied  at  the  other  Customs  frontiers 
of  the  country  concerned.  On  the  other 
hand.  Germany  shall  not  levy,  under  any 
denomination,  any  .  import,  export  or  transit 
duty  on  goods  earned  by  land  or  water  across 
her  territory  to  or  from  the  free  zone  from 
or  to  any  other  State. 

Germany  shall  draw  up  the  necessary  regu- 
lations to  secure  and  guarantee  such  freedom 
of  transit  over  such  railways  and  waterways 
I?  ner  territory  as  normally  give  access  to 
the  free  zone. 

Chapter  HI. 

Clauses  Relating   to   the   Elbe,   the   Oder,   the 
Niemen  (  Russstrom-Memel-Niemen) 

and  the  Danube. 
(1)—  General  Clauses. 

Article  SSI. 

The  following  rivers  are  declared  interna- 
tional: 

the  Elbe  (Labe)  from  its  confluence  with 
the  Vltava  (Moldau).  and  the  Vltava 
(Moldau)  from  Prague: 


608 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


the  Oder   (Odra)    from  its  confluence  with 

the  Oppa; 
the      Niemen      (Russstrom-Memel-Niemen) 

from   Grodno ; 
the   Danube   irom   Ulm; 

and  all  navigable  parts  of  these  river 
^sterns  which  naturally  provide  more  tha 
one  State  with  access  to  the  sea.  with  or  with 
out  transshipment  from  one  vessel  to  an 
other;  together  with  lateral  canals  and  chan- 
nels constructed  either  to  duplicate  or  to  im- 
prove naturally  navigable  sections  of  the 
specified  river  systems,  or  to  connect  two 
naturally  navigable  sections  of  the  same 
river. 

The  same  shall  apply  to  the  Rhine-Danube 
navigable  waterway,  should  such  a  waterway 
be  constructed  under  the  conditions  laid  down 
in  Article  353. 

Article  332. 
On  the  waterways  declared  to  be  interna- 
tional in  the  preceding  Article,  the  nationals, 
property  and  flags  of  all  Powers  shall  be 
treated  on  a  footing  of  perfect  equality,  no 
distinction  being  made  to  the  detriment  o 
the  nationals,  property  or  flag  of  any  Power 
between  them  and  the  nationals,  property  or 
flag  of  the  riparian  State  itself  or  of  the 
most  favoured  nation. 

Nevertheless.  German  vessels  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  carry  passengers  or  goods  by  regu- 
lar services  between  the  ports  of  any  Allied 
or  Associated  Power,  without  special  authority 
from  such  Power. 

Article  333. 
Where  such  charges  are  not  precluded  by 
any  existing  conventions,  chareres  varying:  on 
different  sections  of  a  river  may  be  levied  on 
vessels  usinsr  the  navigable  channels  or  their 
accroaches,  provided  that  they  are  intended 
solely  to  cover  equitably  the  cost  of  maintain- 
ing in  a  navigable  condition,  or  of  improving 
the  river  and  its  approaches,  or  to  meet  ex- 
penditure incurred  in  the  interests  of  naviga- 
tion. The  schedule  of  such  charges  shall  be 
calculated  on  the  basis  of  such  expenditure 
and  shall  be  posted  up  in  the  ports.  These 
charges  shall  be  levied  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
render  any  detailed  examination  of  cargoes  un- 
necessary, except  in  cases  of  suspected  fraud 
or  contravention. 

Article  334. 
The  transit  of  vessels,  passengers  and  goods 
on    these    waterways    shall    be    effected    in    ac- 
cordance   with    the     general     conditions      pre 
scribed  for  transit  in  Section  I  above. 

When  the  two  banks  of  an  international  river 
are  within  the  same  State  goods  in  transit 
may  be  placed  under  seal  or  in  the  custody  of 
customs  agents.  When  the  river  forms  a  fron- 
tier goods  and  passengers  in  transit  shall  be 
exempt  from  all  customs  formalities:  the  load- 
ing and  unloading  of  goods,  and  the  embarka- 
tion and  disembarkation  of  passenerers  shall 
only  take  place  in  the  ports  specified  by  the 
riparian  State. 

Article  335. 

No  dues  of  any  kind  other  than  those  pro- 
vided  for  in  the  present  Part  shall  be  levied 
along  the  course  or  at  the  mouth  of  these 
rivers. 

This  provision  shall  not  prevent  the  fixing 
by  the  riparian  States  of  customs,  local  octroi 
or  consumption  duties,  or  the  creation  of  rea- 
sonable and  uniform  charges  levied  in  the 
ports,  in  accordance  with  public  tariffs,  for 
the  use  of  craves,  elevators.  Quays,  ware- 
houses, etc. 

Article  336. 

In  default  of  any  special  organisation  for 
carrying  out  the  works  connected  with  the  up- 
keep and  improvement  of  the  international 
portion  of  a  navigable  system,  each  riparian 
State  shall  be  bound  to  take  suitable  measures 
to  remove  any  obstacle  or  danger  to  naviga- 
tion and  to  ensure  the  maintenance  of  good 
conditions  of  navigation. 

If  a  State  neglects  to  comply  with  this  ob- 
ligation any  riparian  State,  or  any  State  rep- 
resented on  the  International  Commission,  if 


.  !bs*one-  may  appeal  to  the  tribunal  in- 
stituted for  this  purpose  by  the  League  of  Na- 
tions. 

Article  337. 

The  same  procedure  shall  be  followed  in  the 
case  of  a  riparian  State  undertaking  any 
works  of  a.  nature  to  impede  navigation  in 
the  international  section.  The  tribunal  men- 
J*?,11!?1*111  the  Preceding  Article  shall  be  en- 
titled to  eniorce  the  suspension  or  suppres- 
sion of  such  works,  making  due  allowance  in 
its  divisions  for  all  rights  in  connection  with 
irrigation,  water  power,  fisheries  and  other  na- 
tional interests,  which,  with  the  consent  of  all 
the  riparian  States  or  of  all  the  States  repre- 
sented on  the  International  Commission,  if 
there  is  one.  shall  be  given  priority  over  the 
requirements  of  navigation. 

Appeal  to  the  tribunal  of  the  League  of 
Nations  does  not  require  the  suspension  of  the 
works. 

Article  338. 

The  regime  set  out  in  Articles  332  to  337 
above  shall  be  superseded  by  one  to  be  laid 
down  in  a  General  Convention  drawn  up  by 
the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  and  ap- 
proved by  tho  League  of  Nations,  relating  to 
the  waterways  recognised  in  such  Convention 
as  having-  an  international  character.  This 
Convention  shall  apply  in  particular  to  the 
whole  or  part  of  the  above  mentioned  river 

stems  of  the  Elbe  (Labe).  the  Oder  (Odra), 


the  Niemen  (Russstrom-Memel-Niemen).  and 
the  Danube,  and  such  other  parts  of  these 
river  systems  as  may  be  covered  by  a  general 
definition. 

Germany  undertakes,  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  Article  379.  to  adhere  to  the 
said  General  Convention  as  well  as  to  all  proj- 
ects prepared  in  accordance  with  Article  34«* 
below  for  the  revision  of  existing1  interna- 
tional .agreements  and  regulations. 

Article  339. 

Germany  shall  cede  to  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers  concerned,  within  a  maximum 
period  of  three  months  from  the  date  on  which 
notification  shall  be  given  her,  a  proportion  of 
the  tugs  and  vessels  remaining  registered  in 
the  ports  of  the  river  systems  referred  to  in 
Article  331  after  the  deduction  of  those  sur- 
rendered by  way  of  restitution  or  reparation. 
G-rmany  shall  in  the  same  way  cede  material 
of  all  kinds  necessary  to  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers  concerned  for  the  utilisation  of 
those  river  systems. 

The  -number  of  the  tugs  and  boats,  and  the 
amount  of  the  material  so  c^ded.  and  their 
distribution,  shall  be  determined  by  an  ar- 
bitrator or  arbitrators  nominated  by  the 
United  States  of  America,  due  regard  being 
had  to  the  legitimate  needs  of  the  parties 
concerned  and  particularly  to  the  shipping 
traffic  during  the  five  years  preceding  the  war. 
All  craft  so  ceded  shall  be  provided  with 
their  fittings  and  gear,  shall  be  in  a  good 
state  of  repair  and  in  condition  to  carry  goods 
and  shall  be  selected  from  among  those  most 
rerently  built. 

Th.-  cessions  provided  for  in  the  present  Ar- 
ticle   shall   entail    a  credit   of  which   the  total 
amount    settled  in  a  lump  sum  by  the  arbitra- 
tor  or   arbitrators,    shall   not   in    any   case   ex- 
ceed the  value  of  the  capital  expended  in  the 
initial    establishment    of    the    material     ceded. 
and  shall  be  s^t  off  against  the  tot-1  sums  due 
from    Germany:    in    consequence    the    indemni- 
fication  of   the   proprietors   shall   be   a   matter 
for  Germany  to  deal  with 
(2)  Special  Clauses  Relating  to  the  Elbe,  the 
Oder  and   the   Niernen    (Russstrom- 
Nemel-Niemen)  . 
Article  3-40. 

The  Elbe  (Labe)  shall  be  placed  under  the 
administration  of  an  International  Commission 
which  shall  comprise: 

4  representatives  of  the  German  States  bor- 
dering on  tho  river: 

2    representatives  of  the  Czecho-Slovak  States: 

1  representative  of  Great  Britain: 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


1  representative    of    France: 

1   representative  of  Italy  ; 

1   reoresentative  of  Belgium. 

Whatever  be  the  number  of  members  present. 
each  delegation  shall  have  the  right  to  record 
a  number  of  votes  eaual  to  the  number  of  rep- 
resentatives allotted  to  it. 

If  certain  of  these  representatives  cannot  be 
appointed  at  the  time  of  the  coming-  into  force 
of  the  present  Treaty,  the  decisions  of  the 
Commission  shall  nevertheless  be  valid. 

Article  341. 

The  Oder  (Odra)  shall  be  placed  under  the 
administration  of  an  International  Commission. 
which  shall  comorise: 

1  representative  of  Poland: 

3  representatives  of  Prussia: 

1  representative   of   the  Czecho-Slovak  State: 

1  representative   of   Great  Britain: 

1  representative  of  France; 

1  representative  of  Denmark: 

1  representative  of  Sweden. 

If  certain  of  these  representatives  cannot  be 

aopointed  at  the  time  of  the  coming  into  force 

of    the    present    Treaty,    the    decisions    of    the 

Commission  shall  nevertheless  be  valid. 

Article  342. 

On  a  reauest  being-  made  to  the  LeagTie  of 
Nations  by  any  riparian  State,  the  Niemen 
(Russstrom-Nemel-Niemen)  shall  be  placed  un- 
der the  administration  of  an  International  Com- 
mission. which  shall  comprise  one  representa- 


and  three    repre 
States    specified    by    the 


tive   of  each   riparian    State, 
sentatives    of    other    " 
Leaerue  of  Nations. 

Article  S4S. 

The  International  Commissions  referred  to  in 
Articles  340  and  341  shall  meet  within  three 
months  of  the  date  of  the  coming-  into  force 
of  the  present  Treaty.  The  International  Com- 
mission referred  to  in  Article  342  shall  meet 
within  three  months  from  the  date  of  the  re- 
ouest  made  b.v  a  riparian  State.  Each  of  these 
Commissions  shall  proceed  immediately  to  pre- 
pare a  project  for  the  revision  of  the  existing- 
international  agreements  and  regulations,  drawn 
UP  in  conformity  with  the  General  Convention 
referred  to  in  Article  338  should  such  Con- 
vention have  been  already  concluded.  In  the 
absence  of  such  Convention,  the  project  for 
revision  shall  be  in  conformity  with  the  prin 
ciples  of  Articles  332  to  337  above. 

Article  344- 

The  projects  referred  to  in  the  preceding 
Article  shall,  inter  alia: 

(a)  designate    the    headauarters    of    the    In- 
ternational Commission,  and  prescribe  the  man 
ner  in  which  its  President  is  to  be  rominated. 

(b)  specil.v    the   extent   of    the   Commission's 
powers,    particularly    in    regard    to    the    execu- 
tion of  works   of  maintenance,  control  and  im- 
provement   on    the   river   system,    the   financial 
regime,    and    fixing-   and    collection   of    charg-es. 
and  regulations  for  navigation: 

(c)  define   the   sections   of   the   river   or   its 
tributaries   to   which   the  international  regime 
shall  be   applied. 

Article  345. 
The  international  agreements  and  regula- 
tions at  present  governing  the  navigation  oJ 
the  Elbe  (Labe).  the  Oder  (Odra).  and  the 
Niemen  (Russstrom-Nemel-Niemen)  shall  be 
provisionally  maintained  in  force  until  the  rat- 
ification of  the  above-mentioned  projects 
Nevertheless,  in  all  cases  where  such  agree- 
ments and  regulations  in  force  are  in  conflict 
with  the  provisions  of  Articles  332  to  337 
above,  or  of  the  General  Convention  to  be 
concluded,  the  latter  provisions  shall  prevail 
(3)  Special  Clauses  Relating  to  the  Danube 

Article   346. 

The  European  Commission  of  the  Danube 
reassumes  the  powers  it  possessed  before  the 
war.  Nevertheless,  as  a  provisional  measure 
only  representatives  of  Great  Britain.  France 
Italy  and  Roumania  shall  constitute  this 
Commission. 


Article  347. 

From    the    point  ,  where    the    competence    of 
he   European  Commission   ceases,    the   Danube 
system    referred    to    in    Article    331    shall    be 
placed   under  the    administration   of   an   Inter- 
national Commission  composed  as  follows: 
2  representatives  of  German  riparian  States: 
1  representative  of  each  other  riparian  State: 
1    representative    of    each   non-riparian    State 
represented    in    the    future    on    the    European 
Commission    of    the    Danube. 

If  certain  of  these  representatives  cannot 
be.  appointed  at  the  time  of  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the  decisions  of 
the  Commission  .shall  nevertheless  be  valid. 

Article  S48. 

The  International  Commission  provided  for 
in  the  preceding  Article  shall  meet  as  soon 
as  possible  after  the  coming-  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty,  and  shall  undertake  pro- 
visionally the  administration  of  the  river  in 
conformity  with  the  provisions  of  Articles  332 
to  337.  until  such  time  as  a  definite  statute 
regarding-  the  Danube  is  concluded  by  the 
Powers  nominated  by  the  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers. 

Article  S49. 

Germany  agrees  to  accept  the  regime  which 
shall  be  laid  down  for  the  Danube  by  a  Con- 
ference of  the  Powers  nominated  by  the  Allied 
and  Associated  'Powers,  which  shall  meet  with- 
in one  year  after  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  Treaty,  and  at  which  German  rep- 
resentatives may  be  present. 
Article  350. 

The  mandate  given  by  Article  57  of  the 
Treaty  of  Berlin  of  July  13.  1878.  to  Austria- 
Hungary,  and  transferred  by  her  to  Hungary, 
to  carry  put  works  at  the  Iron  Gates,  is 
abrogated.  The  Commission  entrusted  with 
the  administration  of  this  part  of  the  river 
shall  lay  down  provisions  for  the  settlement 
of  accounts  subject  to  the  financial  provisions 
of  the  present  Treaty.  Charges  which  may  be 
necessary  shall  in  no  case  be  levied,  by 
Hungary. 

Article  351. 

Should  the  Czecho-Slovak  State,  the  Serb- 
Croat-Slovene  State  or  Roumania  with  the 
authorisation  of  or  under  mandate  from  the 
International  Commission,  undertake  mainte- 
nance, improvement,  weir,  or  other  works  on 
a  part  of  the  river  system  which  forms  a 
frontier,  these  States  shall  enjoy  on  the  oppo- 
site bank,  and  also  on  the  part  of  the  bed 
which  is  outside  their  territory,  all  necessary 
facilities  for  the  survey,  execution  and  main- 
tenance of  such  works. 

Article  352. 

Germany  shall  be  oblig-ed  to  make  to  the 
European  Commission  of  the  Danube  all  res- 
titutions, reparations  and  indemnities  for  dam- 
ages inflicted  on  the  Commission  during-  the 
war. 

Article  353. 
Should   a  deep   draught  Rhine-Danube  navi- 

§able   waterway   be  constructed.    Germany  un- 
ertakes     to    apply    thereto    the    regime    pre- 
scribed in  Articles  332  to  338. 

Chapter  IV. 

Clauses  Relating  to  the  Rhine  and  the  Moselle. 
Article  354. 

As  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty,  the  Convention  of  Mannheim  of  Oc- 
tober 17.  1868.  together  with  the  Final  Pro- 
tocol thereof,  shall  continue  to  govern  navi- 
gation on  the  Rhine,  subject  to  the  conditions 
hereinafter  laid  down. 

In  the  event  of  any  provisions  of  the  said 
Convention  being  in  conflict  with  those  laid 
down  by  the  General  Convention  referred  to 
in  Article  338  (which  shall  apply  to  the 
Rhine)  the  provisions  of  the  General  Conven- 
tion shall  prevail. 

Within  a  maximum  period  of  six  months 
from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 


610 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Treaty,  the  Central  Commission  referred  to  in 
Article  355  shall  meet  to  draw  up  a  project 
of  revision  of  the  Convention  of  Mannheim. 
This  project  shall  be  drawn  up  in  harmony 
with  the  provisions  of  the  General  Convention 
referred  to  above,  should  this  have  been 
concluded  by  that  time,  and  shall  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  Powers  represented  on  the  Cen- 
tral Commission.  Germany  hereby  agrees  to 
adhere  to  the  project  so  drawn  up. 

Further,  the  modifications  set  out  in  the 
following1  Articles  shall  immediately  be  made 
in  the  Convention  of  Mannheim. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  reserve 
to  themselves  the  right  to  arrive  at  an  under- 
standing- in  this  connection  with  Holland,  -and 
Germany  hereby  agrees  to  accede  if  required 
to  any  such  understanding. 

Article  355. 

The  Central  Commission  provided  for  in  the 
Convention  of  Mannheim  shall  consist  of  nine- 
teen members,   viz: 
2  representatives  of  the  Netherlands: 
2  representatives  of  Switzerland: 

t  representatives  of  German  riparian  States; 
representatives  of  France,  which  in  addi- 
dition  shall  appoint  the  President  of  the 
commission : 

2  representatives    of    Great  Britain: 
2  representatives  of  Italy: 
2  representatives  of  Belgium. 
The  headauarters  of  the  Central  Commission 
shall  be  at  Strasburg. 

Whatever  be  the  number  of  members  pres- 
ent, each  Delegation  shall  have  the  right  to 
record  a  number  of  votes  equal  to  the  num- 
ber of  representatives  allotted  to  it. 

If  certain  of  these  representatives  cannot  be 

appointed  at  the  time  of  the  coming  into  force 

Treaty,    the    " 


the 


of    the    present    Treaty,    the   decisions    of 
Commission   shall   nevertheless  be  valid. 

Article  356. 

Vessels  of  all  nations,  and  their  cargoes, 
shall  have  the  same  rights  and  privileges  as 
those  which  are  granted  to  vessels  belonging 
to  the  Rhine  navigation,  and  to  their  cargoes. 

None  of  the  provisions  contained  in  Articles 
15  to  20  and  26  of  the  above-mentioned  Con- 
vention of  Mannheim,  in  Article  4  of  the 
Final  Protocol  thereof,  or  in  later  Conven- 
tions shall  impede  the  free  navigation  of  ves- 
sels and  crews  of  all  nations  on  the  Rhine 
and  on  waterways  to  which  such  Conventions 
apply,  subject  to  compliance  with  the  regula- 
tions concerning  pilotage  and  other  police 
measures  drawn  UP  by  the  Central  Commis- 

S1The  provisions  of  Article  22  of  the  Conven- 
tion of  Mannheim  and  of  Article  5  of  the 
Final  Protocol  thereof  shall  be  applied  only  to 
vessels  registered  on  the  Rhine.  The  Central 
Commission  shall  decide  on  the  steps  to  be 
taken  to  ensure  that  other  vessels  satisfy  the 
conditions  of  the  general  regulations  applying 
to  navigation  on  the  Rhine. 

Article  357. 

Within  a  maximum  period  of  three  months 
from  the  date  on  which  notification  shall  be 
given  Germany  shall  cede  to  France  tugs  and 
vessels,  from  among  those  remaining  registered 
in  German  Rhine  ports  after  the  deduction  of 
those  surrendered  by  way  of  restitution  or 
reparation,  or  shares  in  German  Rhine  naviga- 
tion companies. 

When  vessels  and  tugs  are  ceded,  such  ves- 
sels and  tugs,  together  with  their  fittings  and 
gear,  shall  be  in  good  state  of  repair,  shall 
be  in  condition  to  carry  on  commercial  traffic 
on  the  Rhine,  and  shall  be  selected  from 
among  those  most  recently  built. 

The  same  procedure  shall  be  followed  in 
the  matter  of  the  cession  by  Germany  to 
France  of : 

(1)  the   installations,   berthing  and   anchor- 
age accommodation,  platforms,     docks,     ware- 
houses, plant,   etc..  which  German  subjects  or 
German  companies  owned  on  August  1.  1914. 
in  the  port  of  Rotterdam,  and 

(2)  the  shares  or  interests  which  Germany 


b)    the '  exclusive    right    to    the    power   de- 
ed from  works  of  regulation   on  the  river. 


or  German  nationals  possessed  in  such  in- 
stallations at  the  same  date. 

The  amount  and  specifications  of  such  ces- 
sions shall  be  determined  within  one  year  of 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty 
by  an  arbitrator  or  arbitrators  appointed  by 
the  United  States  of  America,  due  regard  be- 
ing had  to  the  legitimate  needs  of  the  parties 
concerned. 

The  cessions  provided  for  in  the  present  Ar- 
ticle shall  entail  a  credit  of  which  the  total 
amount,  settled  in  a  lump  sum  by  the  arbi 
trator  or  arbitrators  mentioned  above,  shall 
not  in  any  case  exceed  the  value  of  the  cap- 
ital expended  in  the  initial  establishment  of 
the  ceded  material  and  installations,  and  shall 
be  set  off  against  the  total  sums  due  frpm 
Germany:  in  consequence,  the  indemnification 
of  the  proprietors  shall  be  a  matter  for  Ger- 
many to  deal  with. 

Article  358. 

Subject  to  the  obligation  to  comply  with  the 
provisions  of  the  Convention  of  Mannheim 
or  of  the  Convention  which  may  be  substi- 
tuted therefor,  and  to  the  stipulations  of  the 
present  Treaty,  France  shall  have  on  the 
whole  course  of  the  Rhine  included  between 
the  two  extreme  points  of  the  French  fron- 
tiers: 

(a)  the  right  to  take  water  from  the  Rhine 
to  feed  navigation  and  irrigation  canals  (con- 
structed or  to  be  constructed)  or  for  any 
other  purpose,  and  to  execute  on  the  German 
bank  all  works  necessary  for  the  exercise  of 
thlA  right: 

riv_ 

subject  to  the  payment  to  Germany  of"  the 
value  of  half  the  power  actually  produced, 
this  payment,  which  will  take  into  account 
the  cost  of  the  works  necessary  for  producing 
the  power,  being  made  either  in  money  or 
in  power  and  in  default  of  an  agreement  be- 
ing determined  by  arbitration.  For  this  pur- 
pose France  alone  shall  have  the  right  to  carry 
out  in  this  part  of  the  river  all  works  of 
regulation  (weirs  or  other  works)  which  she 
may  consider  necessary  for  the  production  of 
power.  Similarly,  the  right  of  taking-  water 
from  the  Rhine  is  accorded  to  Belgium  to 
feed  the  Rhine-Meuse  navigable  waterway  pro- 
vided for  below. 

The  exercise  of  the  rights  mentioned  under 
(a)  and  (b)  of  the  present  Article  shall  not 
interfere  with  navigability  nor  reduce  the  fa- 
cilities for  navigation,  either  in  the  bed  of 
the  Rhine  or  in  the  derivations  which  may 
be  substituted  therefor,  nor  shall  it  involve 
any  increase  in  the  tolls  formerly  levied  un- 
der the  Convention  in  force.  All  proposed 
schemes  shall  be  laid  before  the  Central  Com- 
mission in  order  that  that  Commission  may 
assure  itself  that  these  conditions  are  com- 
plied with. 

To  ensure  the  proper  and  faithful  execution 
of  the  provisions  contained  in  (a)  and  (b) 
above,  Germany : 

(1)  binds   herself    not   to   undertake    or   to 
allow    the    construction    of    any    lateral    canal 
or   any   derivation   on   the   right   bank    of   the 
river  opposite  the  French  frontiers: 

(2)  recognises   the   possession   by  France   of 
the  right  of  support  on  and  the  right  of  way 
over   all   lands    situated     on     the     right     bank 
which  mas'  be  required  in  order  to  survey,  to 
build,  and  to  operate  weirs  which  France,  with 
the   consent    of    the   Central   Commission,    may 


subsequently  decide  to  establish.  In  accord- 
ance with  such  consent.  France  shall  be  en- 
titled to  decide  upon  and  fix  the  limits  of  the 


necessary  sites,  and  she  shall  be  permitted  to 
occupy  such  lands  after  a  period  of  two 
months  after  simple  notification,  subject  to 
the  payment  by  her  to  Germany  of  indemnities 
of  which  the  total  amount  shall  be  fixed  by 
the  Central  Commission.  Germany  shall  make 
it  her  business  to  indemnify  the  proprietors 
whose  property  will  be  burdened  with  such 
servitudes  or  permanently  occupied  by  the 

Should  Switzerland   so  demand,   and  if  the 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


611 


Central  Commission  approves,  the  same  rights 
shall  be  accorded  to  Switzerland  for  the  part 
of  the  river  forming  her  frontier  with  oilier 
riparian  States; 


(3)    shall  hand   over  to  the  French  Govern- 

following th 
into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,   all  projects. 


3      s 
nt,  du 


ring  the  month  following  the  coming 


,  . 

designs,  drafts  of  concessions  and  of  specifica- 
tions concerning  the  regulation  of  the  Rhine 
for  any  purpose  whatever  which  have  been 
drawn  up  or  received  by  the  Governments  of 
Alsace-Lorraine  or  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of 

Article  359. 

Subject  to  the  preceding  provisions,  no 
works  shall  be  carried  out  in  the  bed  or  on 
either  bank  of  the  Rhine  where  it  forms  the 
boundary  of  France  and  Germany  without  the 
previous  approval  of  the  Central  Commission 
or  of  its  agents. 

Article  860. 

France  reserves  the  option  of  substituting 
herself  as  regards  the  rights  and  obligations 
resulting  from  agreements  arrived  at  between 
the  Government  of  Alsace-Lorraine  and  the 
Grand  Duchy  of  Baden  concerning  the  works 
to  be  carried  ovit  on  the  Rhine;  she  may  also 
denounce  such  agreements  within  a  term  of 
five  years  dating  from  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  Treaty. 

France  shall  also  have  the  option  of  caus- 
ing   works    to    be    carried   out    which   may   be 
racognised    as   necessary   by   the  Central   Com- 
1  mission  for  the  upkeep  or  improvement  of  the 
navigability  of  the  Rhine  above  Mannheim. 
Article  S61. 

Should  Belgium  within  a  period  of  25  years 
from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  decide  to  create  a  deep-draught  Rhine- 
Meuse  navigable  waterway,  in  the  region  of 
Ruhrort,  Germany  shall  be  bound  to  construct. 
in  accordance  with  plans  to  be  communicated 
to  hep  by  tho  Belgian  Government,  after  agree- 
ment with  the  Central  Commission,  the  por- 
tion of  this  navigable  waterway  situated  with- 
in her  territory. 

The  Belgian  Government  shall,  for  this  pur- 
pose. have  the  right  to  carry  out  on  the 
ground  all  necessary  surveys. 

Should  Germany  fail  to  carry  out  all  or 
Part  of  these  works,  the  Central  Commission 
shall  be  entitled  to  carry  them  out  instead; 
?jid.  for  this  purpose,  the  Commission  may 
decide  upon  and  fix  the  limits  of  the  neces- 
sary sites  and  occupy  the  ground  after  a  pe- 
riod of  two  months  after  simple  notification. 
subject  to  the  payment  of  indemnities  to  be 
fixed  by  it  and  paid  by  Germany. 

This  navigable  waterway  shall  be  placed 
under  the  same  administrative  regime  as  the 
Rhine  itself,  and  the  division  of  the  cost 
of  initial  construction,  including  the  above  in- 
demnities. among  the  States  crossed  thereby 
shall  be  made  by  the  Central  Commission. 
Article  362. 

Germany  hereby  agrees  to  offer  no  objection 
to  any  proposals  of  the  Central  Rhine  Com- 
mission for  extending  its  jurisdiction: 

(1)  to  the  Moselle  below  the  Franco-Luxem- 
burg  frontier  down   to   the  Rhine,   subject  to 
the  consent  of  Luxemburg; 

(2)  to    the    Rhine    above    Basle    up    to    the 
Lake  of  Constance,  subject  to  the  consent  of 
Switzerland: 

(3)  to  the  lateral  ca/nals  and  channels  which 
may   be  established   either  to   duplicate  or  to 
improve  naturally   navigable   sections     of     the 
Rhine  or  the  Moselle,  or  to  connect  two  natu- 
rally   navigable  sections    of    these    rivers,    and 
also    any  other  parts  of   the  Rhine  river  sys- 
tem   which    may    be    covered    by    the    General 
Convention  provided  for  in  Article  338  above. 

Chapter  V. 

Clauses  Giving  to  the  Czecho-Slovak  State  the 
;  Use  of  Northern  Ports. 

Article  363. 

In  the  ports  of  Hamburg  and  Stettin  Ger- 
many shall  lease  to  the  Czecho-Slovak  State, 
for  a  period  of  99  years,  areas  which  shall 


be   placed   under   the   general   regime   of    free 

zones  and  shall  be  used  for  the  direct  transit 

of  goods  coming  from  or  going  to  that  State. 

Article  864. 

The  delimitation  of  these  areas,  and  their 
equipment,  their  exploitation,  and  in  general 
all  conditions  for  their  utilisation  including 
the  amount  of  the  rental,  shall  be  decided  by 
a  Commission  consisting  of  one  delegate  of 
Germany  one  delegate  of  the  Czecho-Slovak 
Mate  and  one  delegate  of  Great  Britain  These 
conditions  shall  be  susceptible  of  revision 
every  ten  years  in  the  same  manner. 

Germany   declares   in    advance   that   she   will 
adhere  to  the  decisions  so  taken. 
Section  III. 
RAILWAYS 
Chapter  I. 

Clauses   Relating    to   International   Transport. 
Article  365. 

Goods  coming  from  the  territories  of  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  and  going  to 
Germany,  or  in  transit  through'  Germany  from 
or  to  the  territories  of  the  Allied  and  Associ- 
ated Powers,  shall  enjoy  on  the  German  rail- 
ways as  regards  charges  to  be  collected  (re- 
bates and  drawbacks  being  taken  into  ac- 
count), facilities,  and  all  other  matters,  the 
most  favourable  treatment  applied  to  goods  of 
the  same  kind  carried  on  any  German  lines, 
either  in  internal  traffic,  or  for  export,  import 
or  in  transit,  under  similar  conditions  of 
transport,  for  example  as  regards  length  of 
route.  The 


same    rule    shall    be    ap 
1   —   ,_   more  of  the  1. 
Associated   Powers,    to    goods    specia 


—  Applied,  on 

the  request  of  one  or  more  of  the  Allied  and 

Powers,  to  goods  specially  desig- 
nated by  such  Power  or  Powers  coming  from 


Germany    and  going   to   their   territories. 

International  tariffs  established  in  accord- 
ance with  the  rates  referred  to  in  the  preced- 
ing paragraph  and  involving  through  waybills 
shall  be  established  when  one  of  the  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers  shall  require  it  from 
Germany. 

Article  S66. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
Treaty  the  High  Contracting  Parties  shall  re- 
new, in  so  far  as  concerns  them  and  under 
the  reserves  indicated  in  the  second  paragraph 
of  the  present  Article,  the  conventions  and 
arrangements  signed  at  Berne  on  October  14. 
1890.  September  20.  1893.  July  16.  1895. 
June  16.  1898,  and  September  19.  1906.  re- 
garding the  transportation  of  goods  by  rail. 

If  within  five  years  from  the  date  of  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  a  new 
convention  for  the  transportation  of  passen- 
gers, luggage  and  goods  by  rail  shall  have 
been  concluded  to  replace  the  Berne  Conven- 
tion of  October  14.  1890.  and  the  subsequent 
additions  referred  to  above,  this  new  conven- 
tion and  the  supplementary  provisions  for  in- 
ternational transport  by  rail  which  may  be 
based  on  it  shall  bind  Germany,  even  if  she 
shall  have  refused  to  take  part  in  the  prep- 
aration of  the  convention  or  to  subscribe  to 
it.  Until  a  new  convention  shall  have  been 
concluded.  Germany  shall  conform  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Berne  Convention  and  the  sub- 
sequent additions  referred  to  above,  and  to 
the  current  supplementary  provisions. 
Article  867. 

Germany  shall  be  bound  to  co-operate  in  the 
establishment  of  through  ticket  services  (for 
passengers  and  their  luggage'  which  shall  be 
required  by  any  of  the  Allies  and  Associated 
Powers  to  ensure  their  communication  by 
rail  with  each  other  and  with  all  other  coun- 
tries by  transit  across  the  territories  of  Ger- 
many; in  particular  Germany  shall,  for  this 
purpose,  accept  trains  and  carriages  coming 
from  the  territories  of  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers  and  shall  forward  them  with  a 
speed  at  least  equal  to  that  of  her  best  long- 
distance trains  on  the  same  lines.  The  rates 
applicable  to  such  through  services  shall  not 
in  any  case  be  higher  than  the  rates  collected 
on  German  internal  services  for  the  same  dia- 


612 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


t?moe.  under  the  same  conditions  of  speed  and 
comfort. 

The  tariffs  applicable  under  the  same  condi- 
tions of  speed  and  comfort  to  the  transporta- 
tion of  emigrants  going  to  or  coming-  from 
ports  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  and 
usinsr  the  German  railways  shall  not  be  at  a 
higher  kilometric  rate  than  the  most  favour- 
able tariffs  {drawbacks  and  rebates  being 
taken  into  account)  enjoyed  on  the  said  rail- 
ways by  emigrants  going  to  or  coming  from 
any  other  ports.  A 

Article  368. 

Germany  shall  not  apply  specially  to  such 
through  services,  or  to  the  transportation  of 
emigrants  eroinsr  to  or  cominer  from  the  ports 
of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  any  tech- 
nical. fiscal  or  administrative  measures,  such 
as  measures  of  customs  examination,  general 
police,  sanitary  police,  and  control,  the  result 
of  which  would  be  to  impede  or  delay  such 

Article  369. 
In  case  of  transport  partly  by  rail  and  partly 
by  international  navigation,  with  or  without 
through  way-bill,  the  preceding-  Article  shall 
apply  to  the  part  of  the  journey  performed  by 
rail. 

Chapter   II. 
Rolling-Stock. 
Article    370. 

Germany  undertakes  that  German  wagons 
shall  be  fitted  with  apparatus  allowing1: 

(1)  of  their  inclusion  in  goods  trains  on  the 
lines    of    such    of    the    Allied     and     Associated 
Powers  as  are  parties  to  the  Berne  Convention 
of    May    15.    1886.    as    modified    on    May    18. 
1907.    without    hampering    the    action    of    the 
continuous    brake    which    may    be    adopted    in 
such  countries  within  ten  years  of  the  coming' 
into  force  of  the   present  Treaty,   and 

(2)  of    the    acceptance   of    wagons    of    such 
countries  in   all   goods   trains   on  the   German 


The  rolling  stock  of  the  Allied   and  Associ- 
owers shall  en  Joy   on  the   German  lines 
the  same  treatment  as  German  rolling-stock  as 


ated  P 


regards  movement,  upkeep  and  repairs. 

Chapter  III. 
Cessions  of  Railway  Lines. 

Article    S71. 

Subject  to  any  special  provisions  concerning- 
the  cession  of  ports,  waterways  and  railways 
situated  in  the  territories  over  which  Germany 
abandons  her  sovereignty  and  to  the  financial 
conditions  relating-  to  the  concessionnaires  and 
the  pensioning  of  the  personnel,  the  cession  of 
railways  will  take  place  under  the  following 
conditions: 

(1)  The  works  and  installations   of   all   the 
railroads    shall   be   handed    over   complete    and 
in  g-ood  condition 

(2)  When    a    railway    system    possessing-    its 
own  rollingsstock  is  handed  over  in  its  entirety 
by  Germany  to  one  of  the  Allied  and   Associ- 
ated Powers,  such  stock  shall  be  handed  over 
complete,    in    accordance   with    the   last    inven- 
tory   before    November    11.     1918.    and    in    a 
normal  state  of  upkeep. 

(3)  As    regards    lines   without     any     special 
rolling-stock.      Commissions    of    experts    desig- 
nated by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  on 
which   Germany  shall  be  represented    shall  fix 
the    proportion    of    the    stock   existiner    on    the 
system    to    which    those    lines    belong-    to    be 
handed    over.      These    Commissions    shall   have 
regard    to   the   amount    of    the    material   regis- 
tered  on  these  lines  in  the  last   inventory  be- 
fore November  11.   1918.   the  lenerth   of  track 
(sidings  included)    and  the  nature  and  amount 
of  the  traffic.      These  Commissions   shall   also 
specify  the  locomotives,  carriag-es  and  w^erons 
to  be  handed  over  in  each  case:  they  shall  de- 
cide upon  the  conditions   of   their   acceptance. 
and    shall   make   the   provisional    arrangements 
necessary    to    ensure    their   repair   in    German 
workshoos 

(4)  Stocks  of  stores,  fittings  and  plant  shall 
be  handed  ov°r  under  the  same  conditions  as 
the   rolling-stock. 


sliafl6  De"°SSSnd  °o  ^a1ras'raphs  3  a"d  4  above 
sian  Poland1"  Converted6  by  ^eVmln^to  Kthe" 
German  gauge,  such  lines  being  regarded  al 
detached  from  the  Prussian  State  SystenT 

Chapter  IV. 
Provisions  Relating  to  Certain  Railway  Lines 

Article  372. 

When  as  a  result  of  the  fixing  of  new  fron 
tiers  a  railway  connection  between  tw£  pa°?s 
of  the  same  country  crosses  another  country 
or  a  branch  line  from  one  countrv  haV  ita 
terminus  in  another  the  conditions  of  work- 
P'rfseni  T^at^Th^fc  LTd^oVTn  £& 

=edbetirt1ine 

to  an  agreement  as  to  the  terms  of  such  co^ 
ZSSS°Ki  the  PC!in*s  of  difference  shall  be  de- 
cided by  commissions  of  experts  composed  a <* 
provided  in  the  preceding  Article 

Article  378. 

Within,    a    period    of    five    years    from    the 
Loming  .into   force    of   the   present  Treaty   the 
State    may    require    the    con- 


Article    374. 
Germany    undertakes    to    accept     within    tpn 

ssAS-rSssw  sa t 
s=i  *$z  aaasEHr*1® 

national  Convention  of  October  13.  1909.  rela- 
tive to  the  St.  Gothard  railway.  In  the  ab^ 
ff^h6^0  agreement  as  to  the  conditions  of 
such  denunciation,  Germany  hereby  agrees  to 

°T?ihl  TVe-*dHdli°?  of  J*1  arbitrator  designated 
r  the  United  States  of  America. 

Chapter  V. 
Transitory   Provisions. 

Article   375. 

.Germany  shall  carry  out  the  instructions 
given  .her.  in  regard  to  transport  by  an 
authorised  body,  acting  on  behalf  of  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers: 

(1)  .For   the    carriage    of    troops   under   the 
provisions  of   the  present  Treaty,   and  of  ma- 
terial,    ammunition     and     supplies    for    army 

(2)  As  a  temporary  measure,  for  the  trans- 
portation   of    supplies    for   certain    regions     as 
well  as  for  the  restoration,   as  rapidly  as  pos- 
sible,   of    the   normal    conditions    of    transport, 
and   for  the   organisation   of   postal   and   tele- 
graphic services. 

Section   IV. 

Disputes;   Revision   of  Permanent  Clauses. 
Article    376. 

Disputes  which  may  arise  between  interested 

Powers  with  regard  to   the  interpretation  and 

application  of   the   preceding  Articles  shall  be 

settled  as  provided  by  the  League  of  Nations. 

Article    377. 

At  any  time  the  League  of  Nations  may  rec- 
ommend the  revision  of  such  of  these  Articles 
as  relate  to  a  permanent  administrative  re- 
gime. 

Article  378. 

The  stipulations  in  Articles  321  to  330  332 
365.  and  367  to  369  shall  be  subject  to 
revision  by  the  Council  of  the  League  of 
Nations  at  any  time  after  five  years  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

Failing  such  revision,  no  Allied  or  Associ- 
ated Power  can  claim  a.fter  the  expiration 
of  the  above  period  of  five  years  the  benefit 
of  any  of  the  stipulations  in  the  Articles  enu- 
merated above  on  behalf  of  any  portion  of 
its  territories  in  which  reciprocity  is  not 
accorded  in  respect  of  such  stipulations.  The 
period  of  five  years  during  which  reciprocity 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


613 


cannot  be  demanded  may  be  prolonged  by  the 
Council  of  the  League  of  Nations. 

Section    V. 
Special  Provision. 

Article    579. 

Without  prejudice  to  the  special  obligations 
imposed  on  her  by  the  present  Treaty  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers. 
Germany  undertakes  to  adhere  to  any  General 
Conventions  regarding  the  international  regime 
of  transit,  waterways,  ports  or  railways  which 
may  be  concluded  by  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Powers,  with  the  approval  of  the 
League  of  Nations,  within  five  years  of  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

Section    VI. 
Clauses  Relating   to  the  Kiel  Canal. 

Article    380. 

The  Kiel  Canal  and  its  approaches  shall  be 
maintained  free  and  open  to  the  vessels  of 
commerce  and  of  war  of  all  nations  at  peace 
with  Germany  on  terms  of  entire  equality. 

Article  881. 

The  nationals,  property  and  vessels  of  all 
Powers  shall,  in  respect  of  charges,  facilities, 
and  in  all  other  respects,  be  treated  on  a  foot- 
ing of  perfect  equality  in  the  use  of  the  Canal, 
no  distinction  being  made  to  the  detriment 
of  nationals,  property  and  vessels  of  any 
Power  between  them  and  the  nationals,  prop- 
erty and  vessels  of  Germany  or  of  the  most 
favoured  nation. 

No  impediment  shall  be  placed  on  the  move- 
ment of  persons  or  vessels  other  than  those 
arising  out  of  police,  customs,  sanitary,  emi- 
gration or  immigration  regulations  and  those 
relating  to  the  import  or  export  of  prohibited 
goods.  Such  regulations  must  be  reasonable 
and  uniform  and  must  not  unnecessarily  im- 
pede traffic 

Article  382. 

Only  such  charges  may  be  levied  on  ves- 
sels using  the  Canal  or  its  apr  *oaches  as  are 
intended  to  coyer  in  an  equitable  manner  the 
cost  of  maintaining  in  a  navigable  condition, 
or  of  improving,  the  Canal  or  its  approaches, 
or  to  meet  expenses  incurred  in  the  interests 
of  navigation.  The  schedule  of  such  charges 
shall  be  calculated  on  the  basis  of  such  ex- 
penses, and  shall  be  posted  up  in  the  ports. 

These  charges  shall  be  levied  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  render  any  detailed  examination 
of  cargoes  unnecessary,  except  in  the  case  of 
suspected  fraud  or  contravention. 

Article    38S. 

Goods  in  transit  may  be  placed  under  seal 
or  in  the  custody  of  customs  agents;  the  load- 
ing and  unloading  of.  goods,  and  the  em- 
barkation and  disembarkation  of  passengers, 
shall  only  take  place  in  the  ports  specified 
by  Germany. 

Article    384. 

No.  charges  of  any  kind  other  than  those 
provided  for  in  the  present  Treaty  shall  be 
levied  along  the  course  or  at  the  approaches 
of  the  Kiel  Canal. 

Article    385. 

Germany  shall  be  bound  to  take  suitable 
measures  to  remove  any  obstacle  or  danger 
to  navigation,  and  to  ensure  the  maintenance 
of  good  conditions  of  navigation.  She  shall 
net  undertake  any  works  of  a  nature  to  im- 
pede navigation  on  the  Canal  or  its  ap 
proaches. 

Article   386. 

In  the  event  of  violation  of  any  of  the  con- 
ditions of  Articles  380  to  386.  or  of  dis- 
putes as  to  the  interpretation  of  these  Arti- 
cles, any  interested  Power  can  appeal  to  the 
jurisdiction  instituted  for  the  purpose  by  the 
League  of  Nations 

In  order  to  avoid  reference  of  ^mall  ques- 
tions to  the  League  01  Nations  Germany  will 
establish  a  local  authority  at  Kiel  qualified  tc; 
deal  with  disputes  in  the  first  instance  anc 


to  give  satisfaction  so  far  as  possible  to  com- 
plaints which  may  be  presented  through  the 
consular  representatives  of  the  interested  Pow* 

PART  XIII. 

Labour. 

Section   1. 

Organisation  of  Labour. 

Whereas  the  League  of  Nations  has  lor  itg 
object  the  establishment  of  universal  peace 
and  such  a  peace,  can  be  established  only  if 
t  is  based  upon  social  justice; 

And  whereas  conditions  of  labour  exist  in- 
volving such  injustice.  Hardship  and  priva- 
tion to  large  numbers  of  people  as  to  pro- 
duce unrest  so  great  that  the  peace  and  har- 
nony  of  the  world  are  imperiled:  and  an  im- 
provement of  those  conditions  is  urgently  re- 
quired;  as.  for  example,  by  the  regulation  of 
the  hours  of  work,  including  the  establish- 
ment of  a  maximum  working  day  and  week. 
;he  regulation  of  the  labour  supply,  the  pre- 
vention of  unemployment,  the  provision  of  an 
adequate  living  wage,  the  protection  of  the 
worker  against  sickness,  disease  and  injury 
arising  out  of  his  employment,  the  protection 
of  children,  young  persons  and  women,  pro- 
vision for  old  age  and  injury,  protection  of 
the  interests  of  workers  when  employed  in 
countries  other  than  their  own.  rec9gnition  of 
the  principle  of  freedom  of  association,  the 
organisation  of  vocational  and  technical  edu- 
cation and  other  measures: 

Whereas  also  the  failure  of  any  nation  to- 
adopt  humane  conditions  of  labour  is  an  ob- 
stacle in  the  way  of  other  nations  which  de- 
sire to  improve  the  conditions  in  their  own 
countries; 

The  High  Contracting-  Parties,  moved  by- 
sentiments  of  justice  and  humanity  as  well 
as  by  the  desire  to  secure  the  permanent  peace 
of  the  world,  agree  to  the  following: 

Chapter  I. 
Organisation. 
Article     387. 

A  permanent  organisation  is  hereby  estab- 
lished for  the  promotion  of  the  objects  set 
forth  in  the  Preamble. 

The  original  Members  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions shall  be  the  original  Members  of  this 
organisation,  and  hereafter  membership  of 
the  League  of  Nations  shall  carry  with  it 
membership  of  the  said  organisation. 

Article  388. 
The  permanent  organisation  shall  consist  of: 

(1)  a  General  conference  of  Representatives 
of  the  M:mbers  and. 

(2)  an  international  Labour  Office  controlled 
by    tho    Governing-   Body    described   in   Article 
393. 

Article  389. 

The  meetings  of  the  General  Conference  of 
Representatives  of  the  Members  shall  be  held 
from  time  to  time  as  occasion  may  require, 
and  at  least  once  in  every  year.  It  shall  be 
composed  of  four  Representatives  of  each  of 
the  Members,  of  whom  two  shall  be  Govern- 
ment Delegates  and  the  two  others  shall  be 
Del  gates  representing  respectively  the  em- 
ployers and  the  workpeople  of  each  of  the 
Members. 

Bach  Delegate  may  be  accompanied  by  ad- 
visers, who  shall  not  exceed  two  in  number 
for  each  item  on  the  agenda  of  the  meeting. 
When  questions  specially  affecting  women  are 
to  be  considered  by  the  -Conference  one  at 
least  of  the  advisers  should  be  a  woman. 

The  Members  undertake  to  nominate  non- 
Government  Delegates  and  advisers  chosen  in 
agreement  with  the  industrial  organisations, 
if  such  organisations  exist,  which  are  moet 
representative  of  employers  or  workpeople,  as 
the  case  may  be.  in  their  respective  countries. 

Advisers  shall  not  speak  except  on  a  re- 
quest made  by  the  Delegate  whom  they  ac- 


614: 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


company  and  by  the  special  authorisation  of 
the  President  of  the  Conference,  and  may  not 
vote. 

A  Delegate  may  by  notice  in  writing1  ad- 
dressed to  the  President  appoint  one  of  his 
advisers  to  act  as  his  deputy,  and  the  adviser. 
while  so  acting:,  shall  be  allowed  to  speak  and 

The  names  of  the  Delegates  and  their  ad- 
visers will  be  communicated  to  the  Interna- 
tional Labour  Office  by  the  Government  of 
each  of  the  Members. 

The  credentials  of  Delegates  and  their  ad- 
visers shall  be  subject  to  scrutiny  by  the 
Conference,  which  may.  by  two-thirds  of  the 
votes  cast  by  the  Delegates  present,  refuse  to 
admit  any  Delegate  or  adviser  whom  it  deems 
not  to  have  been  nominated  in  accordance 
with  this  Article. 

Article    39  0. 

Every  Delegate  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  in- 
dividually on  all  matters  which  are  taken 
into  consideration  by  the  Conference. 

If  one  of  the  Members  fails  to  nominate 
one  of  the  non-Government  Delegates  whom 
it  is  entitled  to  nominate,  the  other  non-Gov- 
ernment Delegate  shall  be  allowed  to  sit  and 
speak  at  the  Conference,  but  not  to  vote 

If  in  accordance  with  Article  389  the  Con- 
ference refuses  admission  to  a  Delegate  of  one 
of  the  Members,  the  provisions  of  the  pres- 
ent Article  shall  apply  as  if  that  Delegate  had 
not  been  nominated 

Article   S91. 

The  meetings  of  the  Conference  shall  be 
held  at  the  seat  of  the  League  of  Nations  or 
at  such  other  place  as  may  be  decided  by  the 
Conference  at  a  previous  meeting  by  two- 
thirds  of  the  votes  cast  by  the  Delegates  pres- 

Article   392. 

The  International  Labour  Office  shall  be 
stablished  at  the  seat  of  the  .Leagne  of  Na- 
ions as  part  of  the  organisation  of  the 


Article  393. 

The  International  Labour  Office  shall  be 
under  the  control  of  a  Governing  Body  con- 
eisting  of  twenty-four  persons,  appointed  in 
accordance  with  the  following  provisions:. 

The  Governing  Body  of  the  International 
Labour  Office  shall  be  constituted  as  follows: 

Twelve    persons     representing    the    Govern- 


persons  elected  by  the  Delegates  to  the 
Conference  representing  the  employers: 

Six  persons  elected  by  the  Delegates  to  the 
Conference  representing  the  workers. 

Of  the  twelve  persons  representing  the  Gov- 
ernments eight  shall  be  nominated,  by  the 
Members  which  are  of  the  chief  industrial 
importance,  and  four  shall  be  nominated  by 
the  Members  selected  for  the  purpose  by  the 
Government  Delegates  to  the  Conference  ex- 
cluding: the  Delegates  of  the  eight  Members 
mentioned  above.  ,,  . 

Any  Question  as  to  which  are  the  Members 
of  the  chief  industrial  importance  shall  be 
decided  by  the  Council  of  the  League  of  Na- 

1The  period  of  office  of  the  Members  of  the 
Governing  Body  will  be  three  years.  .  The 
method  of  filling  vacancies  and  other  similar 
questions  may  be  determined  by  the  Govern- 
ing- Body  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 

Ther  Governing  Body  shall,  from  time  to 
time  elect  one  of  its  members  to  act  as  its 
Chairman,  shall  regulate  its  own  procedure 
and  shall  fix  its  own  times  of  meeting.  A 
special  meeting  shall  be  held  if  a  written 
request  to  that  effect  is  made  by  at  least  ten 
members  of  the  Governing  Body. 
Article  39%. 

There  shall  be  a  Director  of  the  Interna- 
tional Lshour  Office,  who  shall  be  appointed 
by  the  Governing  Body.  and.  subject  to  the 
instructions  of  the  Governing  Body,  shall  be 


responsible  for  the  efficient  conduct  of  the  In- 
ternational Labour  Office   and   for  such  other 


duties   as  may  be  assigned  to  him. 
The  Director  or  his  deputy  sh  " 
meetings  of  the  Governing  Body. 


?he  Director  or  his  deputy  shall  attend  all 


Article   395. 

The  staff  of  the  International  Labour  Office 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  Director,  who  shall 
so  far  as  is  possible  with  due  regard  to  the 
efficiency  of  the  work  of  the  office,  select  per- 
sons of  different  nationalities.  A  certain  num- 
ber of  these  persons  shall  be  women. 
Article  396. 

The  functions  of  the  International  Labour 
Office  shall  include  the  collection  and  distri- 
bution of  information  on  all  subjects  relating 
to  the  international  adiustment  of  conditions 
of  industrial  life  and  labour,  and  particularly 
the  examination  of  subjects  which  it  is  pro- 
P9sed  to  bring  before  the  Conference  with  a 
view  to  the  conclusion  of  international  con- 
ventions, and  the  conduct  of  such  special  in- 
vestigations as  may  be  ordered  by  the  Con- 
ference. 

It  will  prepare  the  agenda  for  the  meetings 
of  the  Conference. 

It  will  carry  out  the  duties  reauired  of  it 
by  the  provisions  of  this  Part  of  the  present 
Treaty  in  connection  with  international  dis- 
putes. 

It  will  edit  and  publish  in  French  and  Eng- 
lish, and  in  such  other  languages  as  the  Gov- 
erning- Body  may  think  desirable  a  periodical 
paper  dealing  with  problems  of  industry  and 
employment  of  international  interest 

Generally,  in  addition  to  the  functions  set 
out  in  this  Article,  it  shall  have  such  other 
powers  and  duties  as  may  be  assigned  to  it 
by  the  Conference. 

Article  397. 

The  Government  Departments  of  any  of  the 
Members  which  deal  with  questions  of  in- 
dustry and  employment  may  communicate 
directly  with  the  Director  through  the  Rep- 
resentative of  their  Government  on  the  Gov- 
erning Body  of  the  International  Labour 
Office,  or  failing  any  such  Representative, 
through  such  other  qualified  official  as  the 
Government  may  nominate  for  the  purpose. 
Article  398. 

The  International  Labour  Office  shall  be 
entitled  to  the  assistance  of  the  Secretary- 
General  of  the  Leagne  of  Nations  in  any 
matter  in  which  it  can  be  given. 

Article    399. 

.  Each  of  the  Members  will  pay  the  travel- 
ling and  subsistence  expenses  of  its  Dele- 
gates snd  their  advisers  and  of  its  Repre- 
sentatives attending1  the  meetings  of  the  Con- 
ference or  Governing  Body,  as  the  case 
may  be. 

All  the  other  expenses  of  the  Internationa! 
Labour  Office  and  of  the  meetings  of  the  Con- 
ference or  Governing  Body  shall  be  paid  to 
the  Director  by  the  Secretary-General  of  the 
League  of  Nations  out  of  the  general  funds  of 
th«  League. 

Tho  Director  shall  be  responsible  to  the 
Secretary-General  of  the  League  for  the  proper 
expenditure  of  all  moneys  paid  to  him  in  pur- 
suance of  this  Article. 

Chapter    77. 

Procedure. 

Article    4  00. 

The  agenda  for  all  meetings  of  the  Confer- 
ence will  be  settled  by  the  Governing-  Body, 
who  shall  consider  any  suggestion  as  to  the 
agenda  that  may  be  made  by  the  Government 
of  any  of  the  Members  or  by  any  representa- 
tive organisation  recognized  for  the  purpose 
ol  Article  389. 

Article    401. 

The  Director  sha.ll  act  as  the  Secretary  of 
I  the  Conference,  and  shall  transmit  the  agenda 
I  so  as  to  reach  the  Members  four  months  be- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


615 


fora  the  meeting  of  the  Conference  and. 
through  them,  the  non-Government  Delegates 
when  appointed. 


Any  of  the  Governments  of  the  Members  may 
formally  object  to  the  inclusion  of  any  item 
or  items  in  the  agenda.  The  grounds  for  such 
objection  shall  be  set  forth  in  a  reasoned 
statement  addressed  to  the  Director,  who  shall 
circulate  it  to  all  the  Members  of  the  Perma- 
nent Organisation. 

Items  to  which  such  objection  has  been  made 
shall  not.  however,  be  excluded  from  the 
agenda,  if  at  the  Conference  a  majority  of 
two-thirds  of  the  votes  cast  by  the  Delegates 
present  is  in  favour  of  considering  them. 

If  the  Conference  decides  (otherwise  than 
under  the  preceding  paragraph)  by  two-thirds 
of  the  votes  cast  by  the  Delegates  present 
that  any  subject  shall  be  considered  by  the 
Conference,  that  subject  shall  be  included  in 
the  agenda  for  the  following  meeting. 
Article  403. 

The  Conference  shall  regulate  its  own  pro- 
cedure, shall  elect  its  own  President,  and  may 
appoint  committees  to  consider  and  report  on 

Except  as  otherwise  expressly  provided  in 
this  Part  of  the  present  Treaty,  all  matters 
shall  be  decided  by  a  simple  majority  of  the 
votes  cast  by  the  Delegates  present. 

The  voting  is  void  unless  the  total  number 
of  votes  cast  is  eaual  to  half  the  number  of 
the  delegates  attending  the  Conference. 
Article   40}. 

The  Conference  may  add  to  any  committees 
which  it  appoints  technical  experts,  who  shall 
be  assessors  without  power  to  vote. 

Article  405. 

When  the  Conference  has  decided  on  the 
adoption  of  proposals  with  regard  to  an  item 
in  the  agenda,  it  will  rest  with  the  Conference 
to  determine  whether  these  proposals  should 
take  the  form;  (a)  of  a  recommendation  to  be 
submitted  to  the  Members  for  consideration 
with  a  view  to  effect  being  given  to  it  by  na- 
tional legislation  or  otherwise,  or  (b)  of  a 
draft  international  convention  for  ratification 
by  the  Members. 

In  either  case  a  majority  of  two-thirds  of 
the  vctes  cast  by  the  Delegates  present  shall 
be  necessary  on  the  final  vote  for  the  adop- 
tion of  the  recommendation  or  draft  conven- 
tion as  the  case  may  be  by  the  Conference. 

In  framing  any  recommendation  or  draft 
convention  of  general  application  the  Confc-r- 
ence  shall  have  due  regard  to  those  countries 
in  which  climatic  conditions,  the  imperfect 
development  of  industrial  organisation  or 
other  special  circumstances  make  the  indus- 
trial conditions  substantially  different  and 
shall  suggest  the  modifications,  if  any.  which 
it  considers  may  be  required  to  meet  the  case 
of  such  countries. 

A  copy  of  the  recommendation  or  draft 
convention  shall  be  authenticated  by  the  sig- 
nature of  the  President  of  the  Conference  and 
of  the  Director  and  shall  be  deposited  with  the 
Secretary-Genera1  of  the  League  of  Nations. 
The  Secretary-General  will  communicate  a  cer- 
tified copy  of  the  recommendation  or  draft 
convention  to  each  of  the  Members. 

Each  of  the  Members  undertakes  that  it 
will,  within  the  period  of  one  year  at  most 
from  the  closing  of  the  session  of  the  Con- 
ference. or  if  it  is  impossible,  owing  to  ex- 
ceptional circumstances,  to  do  so  within  the 
period  of  one  year,  then  at  the  earliest  prac- 
ticable moment  and  in  no  case  later  than 
eighteen  months  from  the  closing  of  the  ses- 
sion of  the  conference,  bring  the  recommen- 
dation or  draft  convention  before  the  author- 
ity or  authorities  within  whose  competence 
the  matter  lies,  for  the  enactment  of  legisla- 
tion or  other  action. 


In  the  case  of  a  recommendation,  the  Mem- 
bers will  inform  the  Secretary-General  of  the 
action  taken. 

In  the  case  of  a  draft  convention,  the  Mem- 
ber will,  if  it  obtains  the  cpnsent  of  the  au- 
thority or  authorities  within  whose  compe- 
tence the  matter  lies,  communicate  the  for- 
mal ratification  of  the  convention,  to  the  Sec- 
retary-General and  will  take  such  action  as 
may  be  necessary  to  make  effective  the  pro- 
visions of  such  convention. 

If  on  a  recommendation  no  legislative  or 
other  action  is  taken  to  make  a  recommenda- 
tion effective,  or  if  the  draft  convention  fails 
to  obtain  the  consent  of  the  authority  or  au- 
thorities within  whose  competence  the  matter 
lies,  no  further  obligation  shall  rest  upon  the 
Member. 

In  the  case  of  a  federal  State  the  power  of 
which  to  enter  into  conventions  on  labour  mat- 
ters is  subject  to  limitations  it  shall  be  in  the 
discretion  of  that  Government  to  treat  a  draft 
convention  to  which  such  limitations  apply  as 
a  recommendation  only,  and  the  provisions  of 
this  Article  with  respect  to  recommendations 
shall  apply  in  such  case. 

The  above  Article  shall  be  interpreted  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  following  principle: 

In  no  case  shall  any  Member  be  asked  or 
required,  as  a  result  of  the  adoption  of  any 
recommendation  or  draft  convention  by  the 
Conference,  to  lessen  the  protection  afforded 
by  its  existing  legislation  to  the  workers  con- 
cerned. 

Article   406. 

Any   convention    so    ratified    shall   be  regis- 
tered by   the  Secretary-General  of  the  League 
of    Nations,   but    shall    only   be  binding1  upon 
the  Members  which  ratify  it. 
Article   407. 

If  any  convention  coming  before  the  Con- 
ference for  final  consideration  fails  to  secure 
the  support  of  two-thirds  of  the  votes  cast 
by  the  Delegates  present  it  shall  nevertheless 
be  within  the  right  of  any  of  the  Members 
of  the  Permanent  Organisation  to  agree  to 
such  convention  among  themselves. 

Any   convention  so   agreed  to   shall  be  com- 
municated  by   the   Governments   concerned   to 
the    Secretary-General    of    the   League   of  Na- 
tions,  who  shall  register  it. 
Article   408. 

Each  of  the  Members  agrees  to  make  an 
annual  report  to  the  International  Labour 
Office  on  the  measures  which  it  has  taken  to 
give  effect  to  the  provisions  of  conventions  to 
which  it  is  a  party.  These  reports  shall  be 
made  in  such  form  and  shall  contain  euch 
particulars  as  the  Governing  Body  may  re- 
quest. The  Director  shall  lay  a  summary  of 
these  reports  before  the  next  meeting  of  the 
Conference. 

Article   409. 

In  the  event  of  any  representation  being 
made  to  the  International  Labour  Office  by  an 
industrial  association  of  employers  or  of 
workers  that  any  of  the  Members  hns  failed 
to  secure  in  any  respect  the  effective  ob- 
servance within  its  jurisdiction  of  any  con- 
vention to  which  it  is  a  party  the  Governing 
Body  may  communicate  this  representation  to 
the  Government  against  which  it  is  made  and 
may  invite  that  Government  to  make  such 
statement  on  the  subject  as  it  may  think  fit. 
Article  4*0. 

If  no  statement  is  received  within  a  reason- 
able time  from  the  Government  in  question, 
or  if  the  statement  when  received  is  not 
deemed  to  be  satisfactory  by  the  Governing 
Body,  the  latter  shall  have  the  right  to  pub- 
lish the  representation  and  the  statement,  if 
any^made  in  reply  to  it. 

Article  411. 

Any  of  the  Members  shall  have  the  right  to 
file  a  complaint  with  the  International  Labour 
Office  if  it  is  not  satisfied  that  any  other 


616 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Member  is  securing1  the  effective  observance  of 
any  convention  which  both  have  ratified  in. 
accordance  for  the  foregoing1  Articles.. 

The  Governing  Body  may.  if  it  thinks  fit, 
before  referring  such  a  complaint  to  a  Com- 
mission of  Enquiry,  as  hereinafter  provided 
for.  communicate  with  the  Government  in 
question  in  the  manner  described  in  Article 
409 

if  the  Governing  Body  does  not  think  at 
necessary  to  communicate  the  complaint  to 
the  Government  in  question,  .or  if.  when  they 
have  made  such  communication,  no  statement 
in  reply  has  been  received  within  a  reasonable 
time  which  the  Governing  Body  considers  to 
be  satisfactory,  the  Governing  Body  may  ap- 
ply for  the  appointment  of  a  Commission  of 
Enquiry  to  consider  the  complaint  and  to  re- 

The  Governing  Body  may  adopt  the  same 
procedure  either  of  its  own  motion  or  on  re- 
ceipt of  a  complaint  from  a  Delegate  to  the 


matter  arising  out  of  Articles  410 
or  411  is  being  considered  by.  the  Governing 
Body  the  Government  in  question  shall,  if  not 
already  represented  thereon,  be  entitled  to  send 
a  representative  to  take  part  in  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Governing  Body  while  the  matter 
is  under  consideration.  Adequate  notice  of  the 
date  on  which  the  matter  will  be  considered 
shall  be  given  to  the  Government  in  question. 
Article  412. 

The  Commission  of  Enquiry  shall  be  con- 
stituted in  accordance  with  the  following- 
provisions: 

Each  of  the  Members  agrees  to  nominate 
within  six  months  of  the  date  on  which  the 
present  Treaty  comes  into  force  three  persons 
of  industrial  experience,  of  whom  one  shall 
be  a  representative  of  employers,  one  a  rep- 
resentative of  workers  and  one  a  person  of 
independent  standing,  who  shall  together  form 
a  panel  from  which  the  members  of  the  Com- 
mission of  Enquiry  shall  be  drawn. 

The  qualifications  of  the  persons  so  nomi- 
nat-d  shall  be  subject  to  scrutiny  by  the  Gpv- 
e-.-ning  Body  which  may  by  two-thirds  of  the 
votes  cast  by  the  representatives  present  re- 
fuse to  accept  the  nomination  of  any  person 
whose  qualifications  do  not  in  its  opinion  com- 
ply with  the  requirements  of  the  present 

AUpon  the  application  of  the  Governing  Body. 
the  Secretary-General  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions shall  nominate  three  persons,  one  from 
each  section  of  this  panel,  to  constitute  the 
Commission  cf  Enquiry  .and  shall  designate 
one  of  them  as  the  President  of  the  Commis- 
sion. None  of  these  three  persons  shajl  be 
a  person  nominated  to  the  Panel  by  any 
Member  directly  concerned  in  the  complaint. 

Article  413. 

The  Members  agree  that,  in  the  event  of 
the  reference  of  a  complaint  to  a  Commis- 
sion of  Enquiry  under  Article  411,  they  will 
each  whether  directly  concerned  in  the  com- 
plaint or  not,  place  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Commission  all  the  information  in  their  pos- 
session which  bears  upon  the  subject-matter 
of  the  complaint. 

Article  414. 
When  the  Commission  of  Enquiry  has  fully 
considered  the  complaint,  it  shall  prepare  a  re- 
port embodying  its  findings  on  ail  questions  of 
fact  relevant  to  determining  the  issue  between 
the  parties  and  containing  such  recommenda- 
tions as  it  may  think  proper  as  to  the  steps 
which  should  be  taken  to  meet  the  complaint 
and  the  time  within  which  they  should  be 

It  shall  also  indicate  in  this  report  the 
measures,  if  any.  of  an  economic  character 
against  a  defaulting  Government  which  it  con- 
siders to  bo  appropriate,  and  which  it  consid- 
ers other  Governments  would  be  justified  in 
adopting. 


Article   415. 

The  Secretary-General  of  the  League  of  Na- 
ions    shall    communicate    the    report    of    the 
Commission    of    Enquiry    to   each    of   the    Gov- 
ernments concerned  in  the  complaint,  and  shall 
causo  it  to  be  published. 

Each  of  these  Governments  shall  within  one 
month  inform  the  Secretary-General  of  the 
L«eague  of  Nations  whether  or  not  it  accepts 
he  recommendations  contained  in  the  report 
of  the  Commission,  and  if  not,  whether  it 
3roposes  to  refer  the  complaint  to  the 
Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice  of 
the  League  of  Nations. 

Article  416. 

In  the  event  of  any  Member  failing  to  take 
the  action  reauired  by  Article  405,  with  re- 
gard to  a  recommendation  or  draft  Convention, 
any  other  Member  shall  be  entitled  to  refer 
the  matter  to  the  Permanent  Court  of  Inter- 
national Justice. 

Article  417. 

The  decision  of  the  Permanent  Court  of  In- 
ternational Justice  in  regard  to  a  complaint 
or  matter  which  has  been  referred  to  it  in 
pursuance  of  Article  415  or  Article  416  shall 
be  final. 

Article  418. 

The  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice 
may  affirm,  vary  or  reverse  any  of  the  find- 
ings or  recommendations  of  the  Commission 
of  Enquiry,  if  any,  and  shall  in  its  decision 
indicate  the  measures,  if  any,  of  an  economic 
character  which  it  considers  to  be  appropriate, 
and  which  other  Governments  would  be  jus- 
tified in  adopting  against  a  defaulting  Gov- 
ernment. 

Article.  419. 

In  the  event  of  any  Member  failing  to  carry 
out  within  the  time  specified  the  recommen- 
dations, if  any.  contained  in  the  report  of  the 
Commission  of  Enquiry,  or  in  the  decision 
of  the  Permanent  Court  of  International  Jus- 
tice as  the  case  may  be.  any  other  Member 
may  take  against  that  Member  the  measures  of 
an  economic  character  indicated  in  the  report 
of  the  Commission  or  in  the  decision  of  the 
Court  as  appropriate  to  the  case. 

Article   420. 

The  defaulting  Government  may  at  any  time 
inform  the  Governing  Body  that  it  has  taken 
the  steps  necessary  to  comply  with  the  recom- 
mendations of  the  Commission  of  Enquiry  or 
with  those  in  the  decision  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  International  Justice,  as  the  case 
may  be,  and  may  request  it  to  apply  to  the 
Secretary-General  of  the  Leagne  to  constitute 
a  Commission  of  Enquiry  to  verify  its  con- 
tention. In  this  case  the  provisions  of  Ar- 
ticles 432.  413.  414.  415.  417  and  418  shall 
apply,  and  if  the  report  of  the  Commission  of 
Enquiry  or  the  decision  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  International  Justice  is"  in  favour 
of  the  defaulting  Government,  the  other  Gov- 
ernments shall  forthwith  discontinue  the 
measures  of  an  economic  character  that  they 
have  taken  agrainst  the  defaulting  Government. 

Chapter  III. 
General. 

Article  421. 

The  Members  engage  to  apply  conventions 
which  they  have  ratified  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  Part  of  the  present 
Treaty  to  their  colonies,  protectorates  and 
possessions  which  are  not  fully  self-governing: 

(1)  Except    where     owing    to    local    condi- 
tions the   convention  is  inapplicable,    or 

(2)  Subject    to    such    modifications    as   may 
be  necessary  to  adapt  the  convention  to  local 
conditions. 

And  each  of  the  Members  shall  notify  to  the 
International  Labour  Office  the  action  taken 
in  respect  of  each  of  its  colonies,  protecto- 
rates and  possessions  which  are  not  fully  self- 
governing. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


617 


Article   422. 

Amendments  to  this  Part  of  the  present 
Treaty  which  are  adopted  by  the  Conference 
by  a  majority  of  two-thirds  of  the  votes 
cast  by  the  Delegates  present  shall  take  ef- 
fect when  ratified  by  the  States  whose  repre- 
sentatives compose  the  Council  of  the  League 
of  Nations  and  by  three-fourths  of  the  Mem- 

Article  423. 

Any  Question  or  dispute  relating  to  the  in- 
terpretation of  this  Part  of  the  present  Treaty 
or    of    any    subsequent    convention    concluded 
by    the    Members    in    pursuance    of    the    pro- 
visions of  this  Part  of  the  present  Treaty  shall 
be    referred    for    decision    to    the    Permanent 
Court  of  International  Justice. 
Chapter  IV. 
Transitory  Provisions. 
Article   4%4- 

The  first  meeting-  of  the  Conference  shall 
take  place  in  October.  1919.  The  place  and 
agenda  for  this  meeting1  shall  be  as  specified 
in  the  Annex  hereto. 

Arrangements  for  the  convening  and  the 
organisation  of  the  first  meeting-  of  the  Con- 
ference will  be  made  by  the  Government 
designated  for  the  purpose  in  the  said  Annex. 
That  Government  shall  be  assisted  in  the 
preparation  of  the  documents  for  submission 
to  the  Conference  by  an  International  Com- 
mittee constituted  as  provided  in  the  said 

Tnlfexpenses  of  the  first  meeting-  and  of  all 
subsequent  meetings  held  before  the  League 
of  Nations  has  been  able  to  establish  a  gen- 
eral fund,  other  than  the  expenses  of  Dele- 
g-ates  and  their  advisers,  will  be  borne  by  the 
Members  in  accordance  with  the  apportion- 
ment of  the  expenses  of  the  International  Bu- 
reau of  the  Universal  Postal  Union. 

Article  425. 

Until  the  Leagnie  of  Nations  has  been  con- 
stituted all  communications  which  under  the 
provisions  of  the  foregoing-  Articles  should  be 
addressed  to  the  Secretary-General  of  the 
League  will  be  preserved  by  the  Director  of 
the  International  Labour  Office,  who  will 
transmit  them  to  the  Secretary-General  of  the 


Article  ««. 
Pending-  the  creation  of  a  Permanent  Court 
of  International  Justice  disputes  which  in 
accordance  with  this  Part  of  the  present 
Treaty  would  be  submitted  to  it  for  decision 
will  be  referred  to  a  tribunal  of  three  per- 
sons appointed  by  the  Council  of  the  League 
of  Nations. 


First  Meeting  of  Annual  Labour  Conference, 
1919. 

The  place   of   meeting-  will   be   Washing-ton. 

The  Government  of  the  United  States  of 
America  is  requested  to  convene  the  Confer- 

The  International  Organising  Committee  will 
consist  of  seven  Members,  appointed  by  the 
United  States  of  America.  Great  Britain. 
France.  Italy.  Japan  Belgium  and  Switzerland. 
The  Committee  may.  if  it  thinks  necessary. 
invite  other  Members  to  appoint  representa- 
tives. 

Agenda: 

(1)  Application  of  principle  of  the  8-hours 
day  or  of  the  48-hours  week. 

(2)  Question    of    preventing-    or    providing- 
against  unemployment. 

(3)  Women's  employment: 

(a)  Before   and    after   child-birth,    in- 
cluding-    the     question     of     maternity 
benefit  : 

(b)  During-  the  night: 

(o)    In  unhealthy  processes. 

(4)  Employment   of  children: 

(a)  Minimum    age    of    employment: 

(b)  During-   the   night; 

(c)  In    unhealthy   processes. 

(5)  Extension  and  application  of  the  Inter- 


national  Conventions  adopted  at  Berne  in  1906 
on  the  prohibition  of  night  work  for  women 
employed  in  industry  and  the  prohibition  of 
the  use  of  white  phosphorus  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  matches. 

Section  II. 

General  Principles. 

Article  42T. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties,  recognising- 
that  the  well  being-,  physical,  moral  and  in- 
tellectual, of  the  industrial  wage-earners  is  of 
supreme  international  importance,  have  framed, 
in  order  to  further  this  erreat  end.  the  per- 
manent machinery  provided  for  in  Section  I 
and  associated  with  that  of  the  League  of 
Nations. 

They  recognise  that  differences  of  climate, 
habits  and  customs,  of  economic  opportunity 
and  industrial  tradition,  make  strict  uniformity 
in  the  conditions  of  labour  difficult  of  immedi- 
ate attainment.  But.  holding-  as  they  do 
that  labour  should  not  be  regarded  merely  as 
an  article  of  commerce,  they  think  that  there 
are  methods  and  principles  for  regulating  la- 
bour conditions  which  all  industrial  communi- 
ties should  endeavor  to  apply,  so  far  as  their 
special  circumstances  will  permit. 

Among  these  methods  and  principles,  the 
following-  seem  to  the  High  Contracting  Parties 
to  be  of  special  and  urgent  importance: 

First.— The  g-uiding-  principle  above  enunci- 
ated that  labour  should  not  be  regarded  merely 
as  a  commodity  or  article  of  commerce. 

Second.— The  right  of  association  for  all  law- 
ful purposes  by  the  employed  as  well  as  by 
the  employers. 

Third.— The  payment  to  the  employed  of  a 
wage  adequate  to  maintain  a  reasonable  stand- 
ard of  life  as  this  is  understood  in  their 
time  and  country. 

Fourth.— The  adoption  of  an  eight  hours  day 
or  a  forty-eight  hours  week  as  the  standard 
to  be  aimed  at  where  it  has  not  already 
been  attained. 

Fifth.— The  adoption  of  a  weekly  rest  of  at 
least  twenty-four  hours,  which  should  include 
Sunday  wherever  practicable. 
.  Sixth,— The  abolition  9f  child  labour  and  the 
imposition  of  such  limitations  on  the  labour 
[i  young  persons  as  shall  permit  the  con- 
tinuation of  their  education  and  assure  their 
proper  physical  development. 

Seventh.— The  principle  that  men  and  women 
should  receive  equal  remuneration  for  work 
of  equal  value. 

Eig-hth.— The  standard  set  by  law  in  each 
country  with  respect  to  the  conditions  of  la- 
bour should  have  due  reg-ard  to  the  equitable 
economic  treatment  of  all  workers  lawfully 
resident  therein. 

Ninth.— Each    State   should     make   provision 
2r   £,  Astern    of   inspection   in   which    women 
should   take  part,   in   order  to   ensure   the   en- 
forcement   of    the    laws    and    regulations    for 
the   protection    of    the   employed. 

Without  claiming-  that  these  methods  and 
principles  are  either  complete  or  final,  the 
High  Contracting  Parties  are  of  opinion  that 
they  are  well  fitted  to  guide  the  policy  of 
the  Learu^  of  Nations:  and  that,  if  adopted 
by  the  industrial  communities  who  are  mem- 
bers of  the  League,  and  safeguarded  in  prac- 
tice by  an  adequate  system  of  su^h  inspec- 
tion, they  will  confer  lasting-  benefits  upon 
the  wage  earners  of  the  world. 

PART  XIV. 

Guarantees. 

Section   1. 

Western    Europe. 

Article    428. 

As  a  eruarantee  for  the  execution  of  the 
present  Treaty  by  Germany,  the  German  ter- 
ritory situated  to  the  west  of  the  Rhine,  to- 
gether with  the  bridgeheads,  will  be  occu- 
pied by  Allied  and  Associated  troops  for  a 


618 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


period  of   fifteen  years  from  the  coming  into 

force   of    the   present  Treaty. 

Article    Jt%y. 

If  the  conditions  of   the  present  Treaty   are 

faithfully  carried  out  by    Germany,    the   occu 

patipn  referred  to  in  Article  428  will  be  sue 

oessively    restricted    as    follows: 

(1)  At    the    expiration    of    five    years    there 
will    be    evacuated:     The    bridgehead    of    Co 
losrne  and  the  territories  north  of  a  line  run 
nine:  along-  the  Ruhr,    then  along-  the  railwaj 
Julich.   Duren.    Euskirchen.    Rheinbach,    thence 
along1    the    road    Rheinbach     to     Sinzig.      anc 
reaching1  the  Rhine  at  the  confluence  with  the 
Ahr;     the    roads,     railways    and    places    men 
tioned    above    being1    excluded    from    the    area 
evacuated. 

(2)  At    the    expiration    of    ten    years    there 
will    be    evacuated:      The    bridg-ehead    of    Co 
blenz    and   the   territories   north    of    a    line   to 
be   drawn    from    the   intersection   between    the 
frontiers    of    Belgium.    Germany    and    Holland 
running-    about    from    4    kilometres    south     of 
Aix-la-Chapelle,    then     to     and     following-    the 
crest  of  Forst  Gemund.  then  east  of  the  rail 
way   of   the  Urft   Valley,   then  along-  Blanken- 
heim.    Valdorf.    Dreis.    Ulmen    to    and    follow 
ing1  the  Moselle  from  Bremm  to  Nehren.  then 
passing1  by  Kappel  and  Simmern.  then  follow- 
ing-   the    ridg-e    of    the    heights    between    Sim- 
mern  and    the  Rhine   and   reaching   this   river 
at    Bacharach:    all    the    places,    valleys,    roads 
and  railways,  mentioned   above  being  excluded 
from   the   area   evacuated. 

(3)  At  the  expiration  of  fifteen  years  there 
will  be  evacuated:  The  bridgehead  of  Mainz, 
the  bridgehead  of  Kehl  and  the  remainder  of 
the  German  territory  under  occupation. 

If  at  that  date  the  guarantees  against  un- 
provoked aggression  by  Germany  are  not  con- 
sidered sufficient  by  the  Allied  and  Associ- 
ated Governments,  the  evacuation'  of  the  oc- 
cupying troops  may  be  delayed  to  the  extent 
regarded  as  necessary  for  the  purpose  of  ob- 
taining the  required  guarantees. 

Article    480. 

In  case  either  during  the  occupation  or 
after  the  expiration  of  the  fifteen  years  re- 
ferred to  above  the  Reparation  Commission 
fii;ds  that  Germany  refuses  to  observe  the 
whole  or  part  of  her  obligations  under  the 
present  Treaty  with  regard  to  reparation,  the 
whole  or  part  of  the  areas  specified  in  Article 
429  will  be  re-occupied  immediately  by  the 
Allied  and  Associated  forces. 

Article    431. 

If  before  the  expiration  of  the  period  of 
fifteen  years  Germany  'complies  with  all  the 
undertakings  resulting  from  the  present  Treaty 
the  occupying  forces  will  be  withdrawn  im- 
mediately. 

Article  482. 

All  matters  relating  to  the  occupation  and 
not  provided  for  by  the  present  Treaty  shall 
be  regulated  by  subsequent  agreements,  which 
Germany  hereby  undertakes  to  observe. 

Section  II. 
Eastern  Europe 

Article    433. 

.As  a  guarantee  for  the  execution  of  the  Pro- 
visions of  the  present  Treaty,  by  which  Ger- 
many accepts  definitely  the  abrogation  of  the 
Brest-Litovsk  Treaty,  and  of  all  treaties,  con- 
ventions and  agr  ements  entered  into  by  her 
with  the  Maximalist  Government  in  Russia, 
and  in  order  to  ensure  the  restoration  of  peace 
and  good  government  in  the  Baltic  Provinces 
and  Lithuania,  all  German  troops  at  present 
m  the  s?id  territori  s  shall  return  to  within 
i  frontiers  of  Germany  as  soon  >as  the  Gov- 
ernments of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associ- 
ated Powers  shall  think  the  moment  suitable, 
having  regard  to  the  internal  situation  of 
thepo  territonps.  These  troops  shall  abstain 
from  all  requisitions  and  seizures  and  from 
any  other  coercive  measures,  with  a  view  to 
obtaining  supplies  intended  for  Germany  and 


shall  in  no  way  interfere  with  euch  measure* 
for  national  defence  as  may  be  adopted  by  tne 
Provisional  Government  of  Esthonia.  Latvia 
and  Lithuania. 

No  other  German  troops  shall,  pending  the 
evacuation  or  after  the  evacuation  is  com- 
plete, be  admitted  to  the  said  territories. 

PART  XV. 
Miscellaneous   Provisions. 

Article   434. 

Germany  undertakes  to  recognise  the  full 
force  of  the  Treaties  of  Peace  and  Additional 
Conventions  wnich  may  be  concluded  by  the 
Allied  and  Associated  Powers  with  the  Pow- 
ers who  fought  on  the  side  of  Germany  and 
to  recognise  whatever  dispositions  may  be 
made  concerning  the  territories  of  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  Monarchy  of  the  Kingdom 
of  Bulgaria  and  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  and 
to  recognise  the  new  States  within  their  fron- 
tiers as  there  laid  down. 

Article  435. 

The  High  Contracting1  Parties,  while  they 
recognise  the  guarantees  stipulated  by  the 
Treaties  of  1815.  and  especially  by  the  Act  of 
November  20,  1815.  in  favour  of  Switzerland, 
the  said  guarantees  constituting  international 
obligations  for  the  maintenance  of  peace,  de- 
clare nevertheless  that  the  provisions  of  these 
treaties,  conventions,  declarations  and  other 
supplementary  Acts  concerning  the  neutral- 
ised zone  of  Savoy,  as  laid  down  in  paragraph 
1  of  Article  92  of  the  Final  Act  of  the  Con- 
gress of  Vienna  and  in  paragraph  2  of  Ar- 
ticle 3  of  the  Treaty  of  Paris  of  November 
20.  1815,  are  no  longer  consistent  with  pres- 
ent conditions.  For  this  reason  the  High 
Contracting  Parties  take  note  of  the  agree- 
ment reached  between  the  French  Government 
and  the  Swiss  Government  for  the  abrogation 
of  the  stipulations  relating  to  this  zone  which 
are  and  remain  abrogated. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties  also  agree 
that  the  stipulations  of  the  Treaties  of  1815 
and  of  the  other  supplementary  Acts  <~oncern- 
ng  the  free  zones  of  Upper  Savoy  and  the 
Gex  district  are  no  longer  consistent  with 
present  conditions,  and  that  it  is  for  France 
and  Switzerland  to  come  to  an  agreement  to- 
gether with  a  view  to  settling  between  them- 
selves the  status  of  these  territories  under 
such  conditions  as  shall  be  considered  suitable 
by  both  countries. 

ANNEX. 

I. 

The  Swiss  Federal  Council  has  informed  the 
Vench  Government  on  May  5,  191  P.  that  after 
'xamining  the  provisions  of  Article  435  in  a 
ike  spirit  of  sincere  friendship  it  has  happily 
•cached  the  conclusion  that  it  was  possible 
o  acquiesce  in  it  under  the  following  condi- 
ions  and  reservations: 
(1)  The  neutralised  zone  of  Haute-Savoie : 

(a)  It    will   be   understood   that    as    long    as 
he    Federal    Chambers    have    not    ratified    the 
greement   come   to  between   the   two    Govern- 
aents  concerning  the  abrogation  of  the  stipula- 
ions  in  respect  of  the  neutralised  zone  of  Sa- 
oy.   nothing  will  be  definitely  settled  on  one 
ide   or  the  other  in  regard   to   this  subject. 

(b)  The  assent  given  by  the   Swiss  Govern- 
ment to  the  abrogation  of  the  pbove  mentioned 

;ipulations  presupposes,  in  conformity  with  the 
ext  adopted,  the  recognition  of  the  guaran- 
ees  formulated  in  favour  of  Switzerland  oy 
he  Treaties  of  1815  and  particularly  by  the 
)eclaration  of  November  20,  1815. 
(c)  The  agreement  between  the  Governments 
f  France  and  Switzerland  for  the  abrogation 
f  the  above  mentioned  stipulations  will  only 
e  considered  as  valid  if  the  Treaty  of  Peace 
ontains  this  Articl0  in  its  present  wording, 
iddition  the  parties  to  the  Treaty  of  Peace 
nould  endeavour  to  obtain  the  assent  of  the 
[gnatory  Powers  of  the  Treaties  of  1815  and 
f  the  Declaration  of  November  20,  1815. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


619 


which    are    not    signatories     of     the     present 
Treaty  of  Peace. 

(•J)  Free  zone  of  Haute-Savoie  and  the  dis- 
trict of  Gex : 

(a)  The  Federal  Council  makes  the  most  ex- 
press  reservations   to  the  interpretation   to   be 
givon  to   the   statement  mentioned   m  the  last 
paragraph    of    the   above  Article   for   insertion 
in   the   Treaty   of   Peace,    which   provides   that 
"the  stipulations  of  the  Treaties  of  1815  and 
other   supplementary    acts   concerning-  the   free 
zones    of    Haute-Savoie    and    the    Gex    district 
are    no    longer    consistent    with    present    condi- 
tions."     The  Federal  Council  would  not   wish 
that    its     acceptance     of     the    above    wording 
should    lead    to    the    conclusion    that   it    would 
agree  to  the  suppression  of  a  system  intended 
to   give   neighbouring1   territory    the  benefit    of 
a  special   regime   which   is  appropriate   to  the 
geographical      and     economical    situation    and 
which  has  been  well  tested. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Federal  Council  the 
question  is  not  the  modification  of  the  cus- 
toms system  of  the  zones  as  set  up  by  the 
Treaties  mentioned  above,  but  only  the  regu- 
lation in  a  manner  more  appropriate  to  the 
economic  conditions  of  the  present  day  of  the 
terms  of  the  exchange  of  goods  between  the 
regions  in  auestion.  The  Federal  Council 
has  been  led  to  make  the  preceding  observations 
by  the  perusal  of  the  draft  Convention  con- 
cerning1 the  future  constitution  of  the  zones 
which  was  annexed  to  the  note  of  April  26 
from  the  French  Government.  While  making 
the  above  reservations  the  Federal  Council 
declares  its  readiness  to  examine  in  the 
most  friendly  spirit  any  proposals  which  the 
French  Government  may  deem  it  convenient 
to  make  on  the  subject. 

(b)  It   is  conceded  that   the  stipulations   of 
the  Treaties  of  1815  and  other  sunplementary 
ar-ts  relative  to  the  free  zones  will  remain   in 
force  until  a  new  arrangement  is  come  to  be- 
tween    France     and     Switzerland    to     regulate 
matters   in   this   territory. 

n. 

The  French  Government  have  addressed  to 
the  Swiss  Government  on  May  18.  1919.  the 
following  note  in  reply  to  the  communication 
set  out  in  the  preceding  paragraph: 

In  a  note  dated  May  5  the  Swiss  Legation 
in  Paris  was  good  enough  to  inform  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  French  Republic  that  the  Fed- 
eral Government  adhered  to  the  proposed 
Article  to  be  inserted  in  the  Treaty  of  Peace 
between  the  Allied  and  Associated  Governments 
and  Germany. 

The  French  Government  have  taken  note 
with  much  pleasure  of  the  agreement  thus 
reached,  and.  at  their  reauest.  the  proposed 
Article,  which  has  been  accepted  by  the  Al- 
lied and  Associated  Governments,  has  been  in- 
serted under  No.  435  in  the  Peace  conditions 
presented  to  the  German  Plenipotentiaries. 

The  Swiss  Government,  in  their  note  of  May 
5  on  this  subject,  have  expressed  various  Tiews 
and  reservations. 

Concerning"  the  observations  relating  to  the 
free  zones  of  Ha.ute-Savoie  and  the  Gex  dis- 
trict, the  French  Government  have  the  honour 
to  observe  that  the  provisions  of  the  last 
paragraph  of  Article  435  are  so  clear  that 
their  purport  cannot  be  misapprehended, 
especially  where  it  implies  that  no  other 
Power  but  Franco  and  Switzerland  will  in  fu- 
tu»-e  bo  interested  in  that  question. 

The  French  Government,  on  their  part,  are 
anxious  to  protect  the  interests  of  the  French 
territories  concerned,  and.  with  that  object, 
having  their  special  situation  in  view,  they 
bear  in  mind  the  desirability  of  assuring  them  a 
suitable  customs  resrime  and  determining,  in  a 
manner  better  suited  to  present  conditions,  the 
methods  of  exchancr-s  between  these  territories 
and  the  adjacent  Swiss  territories,  while  taking 
into  .Account  the  reciprocal  interests  of  both 
regions. 

It  is  understood  that  this  must  In  no  way 
prejudice  the  rierht  of  France  to  adjust  her 


customs  line  in  this  region  in  conformity 
with  her  political  frontier,  as  ib  done  on  the 
other  portions  of  her  territorial  boundaries, 
and  as  was  done  by  Switzerland  Ions  ago  on 
her  own  boundaries  in  this  region. 

The  French  Government  are  pleased  to  note 
on  this  subject  in  what  a  friendly  disposi- 
tion the  Swiss  Government  take  this  oppor- 
tunity of  declaring  their  willingness  to  con- 
sider any  French  proposal  dealing  with  the 
system  to  be  substituted  for  the  present 
reg-ime  of  the  said  free  zones,  which  the 
French  Government  intend  to  formulate  in 
the  same  friendly  spirit. 

Moreover,  the  French  Government  have  no 
doubt  that  the  provisional  maintenance  of  the 
regime  of  1815  as  to  the  free  zones  referred 
to  in  the  above  mentioned  paragraph  of  the 
note  from  the  Swiss  Legation  of  May  5, 
whose  object  is  to  provide  for  the  passage 
from  the  present  regime  to  the  conventional 
regime,  will  cause  no  delay  whatsoever  in  the 
establishment  of  the  new  situation  which  "has 
been  found  necessary  by  the  two  governments. 
This  remark  applies  also  to  the  ratification 
by  the  Federal  Chambers,  dealt  with  in  para- 
graph 1  (a),  of  the  Swiss  note  of  May  5. 
under  the  heading  "Neutralized  zone  of  Haute- 
Savoie." 

Article  48  6. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties  declare  and 
place  on  record  that  they  have  taken  note 
of  the  Treaty  signed  by  the  Government  of 
the  French  Republic  on  July  17.  1918.  with 
His  Serene  Highness  the  Prince  of  Monaco  de- 
fining the  relations  between  France  and  the 
Principality. 

Article  487. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties  agree  that, 
in  the  absence  of  a  subsequent  agreement  to 
the  contrary,  the  Chairman  of  any  Commis- 
sion established  by  the  present  Treaty  shall 
in  the  event  of  an  equality  of  votes  be  en- 
titled to  a  second  vote. 

Article  1,88. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  agree  that 
where  Christian  religious  missions  were  being1 
maintained  by  German  societies  or  persons 
in  territory  belonging  to  them,  or  of  which 
the  government  is  entrusted  to  them  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  present  Treaty,  the  property 
which  these  missions  or  missionary  societies 
possessed,  including  that  of  trading  societies 
whose  profits  were  devoted  to  the  support  of 
missions,  shall  continue  to  be  devoted  to  mis- 
sionary purposes.  In  order  to  ensure  the 
due  execution  of  this  undertaking  the  Allied 
and  Associated  Governments  will  hand  over 
such  property  to  boards  of  trustees  appointed 
by  or  approved  by  the  Governments  and  com- 
posed of  persons  holding  the  faith  of  the 
mission  whose  property  is  involved. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments, 
while  continuing  to  maintain  full  control  as 
to  the  individuals  by  whom  the  missions  are 
conducted,  will  safeguard  the  interests  of  such 
missions. 

Germany,  taking  note  of  the  above  under- 
taking, agrees  to  accept,  all  arrangements  made 
or  to  be  made  by  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Government  concerned  for  carrying-  on  the 
work  of  said  missions  or  trading  societies 
and  waives  all  claims  on  their  behajf. 

Article  489. 

Without  prejudice  to  the  provisions  of  the 
present  Treaty,  Germany  undertakes  not  to 
put  forward  directly  or  indirectly  against  any 
Allied  or  Associated  Powers,  signatory  of  the 
present  Treaty,  including  those  which,  without 
having  declared  war.  kave  broken  off  diplo- 
matic relations  with  the  German  Empire,  any 
pecuniary  claim  based  on  events  which  oc- 
curred at  any  time  before  the  cominar  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty. 

The  present   stipulation   will  bar  completely 


620 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


and    finally    all    claims   of    this   nature,    which 
will    be    thenceforward   extinguished,    whoever 
may  be  the  parties  in  interest. 
Article  440. 

Germany  accepts  and  recognises  as  valid 
and  binding  all  decrees  and  orders  concerning 
German  shops  and  goods  and  all  orders  relat- 
ing1 to  the  payment  of  costs  made  by  any 
Prize  Court  of  any  of  the  Allied  or  Associated 
Powers,  and  undertakes  not  to  put  forward 
any  claim  arising-  out  of  euch  decrees  or  or- 
ders on  behalf  of  any  German  national. 

The  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  reserve 
the  right  to  examine  in  such  manner  as  they 
may  determine  all  decisions  and  orders  of 
•German  Prize  Courts,  whether  affecting  the 
property  rights  of  nationals  of  those  Powers 
or  of  neutral  Powers.  Germany  agrees  to 
furnish  copies  of  all  the  documents  consti- 
tuting the  record  of  the  cases,  including  the 
decisions  and  orders  made,  and  to  accept  and 
give  effect  to  the  recommendations  made  aft- 
er such  examination  of  the  cases. 

The  present  Treaty,  of  which  the  French 
and  English  texts  are  both  authentic,  shall 
be  ratified. 

The  deposit  of  ratifications  shall  be  made 
at  Paris  as  soon  as  possible 

Powers  of  which  the  seat  of  the  Government 
is  outside  Europe  will  be  entitled  merely  to 
inform  the  Government  of  the  French  Repub- 
lic through  their  diplomatic  representative  at 


Paris  that  their  ratification  has  been  given; 
in  that  case  they  must  transmit  the  instru- 
ment of  ratification  as  soon  as  possible. 

A  first  proces-verbaJ  of  the  deposit  of  rati- 
fications will  be  drawn  up  as  soon  as  the 
Treaty  has  been  ratified  by  Germany  on  the 
one  hand,  and  by  three  of  the  Principal  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers  on  the  other  hand. 

From  the  date  of  this  first  proces-verbal 
the  Treaty  will  come  into  force  between  the 
High  Contracting  Parties  who  have  ratified  it. 
For  the  determination  of  all  periods  of  time 
provided  for  in  the  present  Treaty  this  date 
will  be  the  date  of  the  coming-  into  force  of 
the  Treaty. 

In  all  other  respects  the  Treaty  will  enter 
into  force  for  each  Power  at  the  date  of  the 
deposit  of  its  ratification. 

The  French  Government  will  transmit  to 
all  the  signatory  Powers  a  certified  copy  of 
the  proces-verbaux  of  the  deposit  of  ratifica- 
tions. 

IN  FAITH  WHEREOF  the  above-namsc" 
Plenipotentiaries  have  signed  the  presenv 
Treaty. 

Done  at  Versailles,  the  twenty-eighth  day  of 
June,  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  nine- 
teen, in  a  single  copy  which  will  remain 
deposite4  in  the  archives  of  the  French  Re- 
public, and  of  which  authenticated  copies 
will  be  transmitted  to  each  of  the  signatory 
Powers. 


TREATY    WITH   POLAND. 


Under  article  93  of  the  featy  of  peace  with 
Germany,    Poland  was   asked  to    sign   a   treaty 


submitted  by  the  supreme 
principal  allied  and  associat 
treaty  was  transmitted  to  "' 


council    of    the 

J    powers.    This 
Paderewski  on 


June  24.  11)19.  accompanied  by  a  letter  from 
M.  Clemenccau  explaining  the  considerations 
by  which  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
"were  guided  in  dealing  with  the  Question.  In 
the  letter  the  president  of  the  conference 
pointed  out  that  the  treaty  did  not  constitute 
any  Iresh  departure.  "It  has  for  a  long 
time,"  wrote  M.  Clemenceau,  "been  the  es- 
tablished procedure  of  the  public  law  of 
Europe  that  when  a  state  is  created,  or  even 
when  large  accessions  are  made  to  an  es- 
tablished state,  the  joint  and  formal  recogni- 
tion by  thy  great  powers  should  be  accom- 
panied by  the  requirement  that  such  state 
should,  in  the  form  of  a  binding  interna- 
tional convention,  undertake  to  comply  with 
certain  principles  of  government. 

"In  this  connection  I  must  also  recall  to 
your  consideration  the  fact  that  it  is  to  the 
endeavors  and  sacrifices  of  the  powers  in 
whose  name  I  am  addressing  you  that  the 
Polish  nation  owes  the  recovery  of  its  inde- 
pendence. It  is  by  their  decision  that  Polish 
sovereignty  is  being  re-established  over  the 
territories  in  question  and  that  the  inhabi- 
tants of  these  territories  are  being  incorpo- 
rated in  the  Polish  nation.  It  is  on  the 
support  which  the  resources  of  these  powers 
wih  afford  to  the  league  of  nations  that  for 
the  future  Poland  will  to  a  large  extent  de- 
torles*°r  secure  Possession  of  these  terri- 

•  ^explaining  some  of  the  individual  clauses 
in  the  treaty  M.  Clemenceau  wrote:  "Article 
2  guarantees  to  all  inhabitants  those  elemen- 
tary rights,  which  are.  as  a  matter  of  fact 
secured  in  every  civilized  state.  Clauses  3  to 
6  are  designed  to  insure  that  all  the  genuine 
residents  in  the  territories  now  transferred  to 
Polish  sovereignty  shall  in  fact  be  assured  of 
of  citizenship.  Articles  7 
accordance  with  prece- 
'any  discrimination 
citizens  who  by  their  re- 

«  or  their  race  differ  f  roll 

the  large  mass  of   the  Polish  population 


RU  U 
'  ~       •£    are 

againstPth°nVcldeT>  i? 
against  those  Polis 

the:r  l 


n 

,    Causes  10  and  12  deal  specifically  with  the 
Jewish   citizens  of   Poland.      The    information 


at  the  disposal  of  the  principal  allied  and  as- 
sociated power?  as  to  the  existing  relations  be- 
tween the  Jews  and  the  other  Polish  citizens 
has  led  them  to  the  conclusion  that,  in  view 
of  the  historical  development  of  the  Jewish 
question  and  the  great  animosity  aroused  by 


it.    special    protection      is 
Jews    in    Poland.      These 


necessary    for    the 
clauses   have   been 


limited    to    the   minimum    which   seems   neees- 


of    the   present 
Jewish   schools 


sary    under  the   circumstances 

day.   viz.,    the  maintenance  of    _______   ________ 

and  the  protection  of  the  Jews  in  the  re 
ligious  observance  of  their  sabbath.  It  is 
believed  that  these  stipulations  will  not  create 
any  obstacle  to  the  political  unity  of  Poland. 
They  do  not  constitute  any  recognition  of  the 
Jews  as  a  separate  political  community  within 
the  Polish  state.  The  educational  provisions 
contain  nothing  beyond  what  is  in  fact  pro- 
vided in  the  educational  institutions  of  many 
highly  organized  modern  states.  Ample  safe- 
guards against  the  use  of  non-Polish  lan- 
guages to  encourage  a  spirit  of  national 
separation  have  been  provided  in  the  express 
acknowledgment  that  the  provisions  of  this 
treaty  do  not  prevent  the  Polish  state  from 
making  the  Polish  language  obligatory  in  all 
its  schools  and  educational  institutions." 
TEXT  OF  THE  TREATY. 

"The  United  States  of  America,  the  British 
empire,  France.  Italy  and  Japan  the  princi- 
pal allied  and  associated  powers,  on  the  one 
hand:  and  Poland  on  the  other  hand- 

Whereas  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
have  by  the  success  of  their  arms  restored  to 
the  Polish  nation  the  independence  of  which 
it  (  had  been  unjustly  deprived:  and 
Qr>  i  oe1r-?a9iJ)y  tne  Proclamation  of  March 
*J?'  A?17'  tne,  government  of  Russia  assented 
Polish  state6-3  and8  °f  &n  independent 

"Whereas  'the  Polish  state,  which  now  in 
fact  exercises  sovereignty  over  those  portions 
of  the  former  Russian  empire  which  are  in- 
habited by  a  majority  of  Poles,  has  already 
been  recognized  as  a  sovereign  and  inde- 
pendent state  by  the  principal  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers:  and 

"Whereas  under  the  treaty  of  peace  con- 
cluded with  Germany  by  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers,  a  treaty  of  which  Poland  is 
a  signatory,  .certain  portions  of  the  former 

incorporated 


trritory 


the 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


621 


"Whereas  under  the  terms  of  the  said 
treaty  of  peace,  the  boundaries  of  Poland  not 
already  laid  down  are  to  be  subsequently 
determined  by  the  principal  allied  and  associ- 
ated powers ; 

"The  United  States  of  America,  the  British 
empire.  France.  Italy  and  Japan,  on  the  one 
hand,  confirming-  their  recognition  of  the  Po- 
lish state,  constituted  within  the  said  limits 
as  a  sovereign  and  independent  member  of  the 
family  of  nations,  and  being1  anxious  to  insure 
the  execution  of  the  provisions  of  article  93 
of  the  said  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany; 

"Poland,  on  the  other  hand,  desiring  to  con- 
form her  institutions  to  the  principles  of  lib- 
erty and  justice,  and  to  give  a  sure  guaranty 
to  the  inhabitants  of  the  territory  over  which 
she  has  assumed  sovereignty : 

"For     this    purpose     the    high    contracting1 
parties   represented   as  follows: 
"The  president  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 

"The  Honorable  Woodrow  Wilson,  president 
of  the  United  States,  acting-  in  his  own 
name  and  by  his  own  proper  authority; 

"The  Honorable  Robert  Lansing,  secretary  of 

"The  Honorable  Henry  White,   formerly  am- 
bassador extraordinary  and  plenipotentiary 
of  the  United  States  at  Rome  and  Paris: 
"The  Honorable  Edward  M    House; 
"Gen.   Tasker   H    Bliss,    military    representa- 
tive of  the  United  States  on  the  supreme 
war  council; 

"His  majesty  the  king1  of  the  United  Kingdom 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and  of  the  Brit- 
ish, dominions  beyond  the  seas,  emperor  of 

'Tho'  Right  Honorable  David  Lloyd  George. 
M.  P..  first  lord  of  his  treasury  and  prime 

"The   Right   Honorable   Andrew   Bonar  Law, 

M.   P..   his  lord  privy   seal: 
"The  Right  Honorable  Viscount  Milner.  G.  C. 

B     G    C    M.  G..  his  secretary  of  state  for 


the  colonies: 
"The    Right    I 
four,   O.  M..  M. 


le    Right    Honorabl 


1  Arthur    James    Bal- 
is secretary  of  state 
for  foreign  affairs: 
"The  Right  Honorable  George  Nicpll  Barnes. 

M.   P.     minister  without   portfolio: 
"And 

"For  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  by; 
"The  Honorable  Charles  Joseph.      Doherty, 

minister  of  justice: 

"The  Honorable  Arthur  Lewis  Sifton,  min- 
ister of  customs: 

"For  the  Commonwealth   of  Australia,   by: 
"The     Right     Honorable     William     Morris 
Hug-hes.  attorney-general  and  prime  min- 

"The  Right  Honorable  Sir  Joseph  Cook.  G. 

C.  M.  G..  minister  for  the  navy: 
"For  the  Union   of  South  Africa  by; 
"Gen.    the    Right    Honorable   Louis   Botha, 
minister  of  native  affairs  and  prime  min- 
ister: 

"Lieut.-Gen.  the  Right  Honorable  Jan 
Christiaan  Smuts.  K.  C.,  minister  of  de- 
fense: 

"For  the  Dominion  of  New   Zealand,  by: 
"The    Right    Honorable    William    Ferguson 
Mnssey.  minister  of  labor  and  prime  min- 
ister: 

"For  Indin.  bv: 

"The  Right  Honorable  Edwin  Samuel  Mon- 
tagu, M.  P.,  his  secretary  of  state  for 
dia: 

"Ma  j. -Gen.  his  highness  Maharaja  Sir 
Gangra  Sing-h  Bahadur,  maharaja  of 
Bikaner.  G.  C.  S.  I..  G.  C.  I.  E..  G.  C.  V. 
O..  K.  C.  B..  A.  D.  C. 

"The  president   of  the  French   republic,   by: 
"Mr.    George*   Clemenceau.    president    of    the 

council,   minister   of   war; 
"Mr.  Stephen  Pichon    minister  of  foreign  af- 

"Mr.  'Lcuis    Lucien    Kletz.    minister    of    fi- 
nance; 


"Mr.  Andre  Tardieu.  commissary  general  for 

Franco-American  military  affairs; 
"Mr    JuLs  Cambon.  ambassador  of  France* 
His  majesty  the  king  of  Italy,  by: 
"Baron    S.    Sonnino.    deputy;  i 
"Marquis   G.    Imperial!,    senator,    ambassador 

Jf  his  majesty    the  king1  of   Italy   at   Lon- 
on: 
r.  S.  Crespi.  deputy; 

•'His  majesty  the  emperor  of  Japan,  by: 
"Marquis     Saionzi.     formerly     president     of 

the  council   of  ministers; 

"Baron  Makino,  formerly  minister  of  for- 
eign affairs,  member  of  the  diplomatic 
council : 

"Viscount  Chinda.  ambassador  extraordinary 
and  plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  emperor 
of  Japan  at  Paris; 

"Mr.  K.  Matsui.  ambassador  extraordinary 
and  plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  emperor 
of  Japan  at  London: 

"Mr.  H.  Ijuin.  ambassador  extraordinary  and 
plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  emperor  of 
Japan  at  Rome: 

"The  president   of  the  Polish  republic,  by: 
"Mr.   Ignace  J.  Paderewski,   president  of  the 
cil    of    ministers,    minister    of    foreign 


r.   Roman  Dmowski.  president  of  the  Po- 
lish national  committee; 

"After  having  exchanged  their  full  powers, 
found  in  good  and  due  form,  have  agreed 
as  follows: 

Chapter    I. 

Article  1. 

"Poland  undertakes  that  the  stipulations  con- 
tained in  articles  2  to  8  of  this  chapter  shall 
be  recognized  as  fundamental  laws,  and  that 
no  law,  regulation  or  official  action  shall  con- 
flict or  interfere  with  the  stipulations,  nor 
shall  any  law,  regulation  or  official  action 
prevail  over  them. 

Article   2. 
'Poland  undertakes  to  assure  full  and  com- 


plete protection   of   life   and  liberty  to   all  in- 
habitants   of    Poland    without    distinction    of 
birth,  nationality,  language,  race  or  religion. 
"All  inhabitants  of  Poland   shall  be  entitled 


to  the  free  exercise,  whether  public  or  private, 
of  any  creed,  religion  or  belief  whose  practices 
are  not  inconsistent  with  public  order  or  pub- 
lic morals. 

Article    3. 

"Poland  admits  and  declares  to  "be  Polish 
nationals  ipso  facto  and  without  the  requir*- 
ment  of  any  formality  German.  Austrian.  Hun- 
garian or  Russian  nationals  habitually  resident 
at  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  treaty  in  territory  which  is  or  may  be 
recognized  as  forming  part  of  Poland,  but  sub- 
ject to  any  provisions  in  the  treaties  of  peace 
with  Germany  or  Austria  respectively  relating- 
io  persons  who  became  resident  in  such  ter- 
ritory after  a  specified  date. 

"Nevertheless,  the  persons  referred  to  above 
who  aro  over  18  years  of  aere  will  be  en- 
titled under  the  conditions  contained  in  the 
.laid  treaties  to  opt  for  any  other  nationality 
which  may  be  open  to  them.  Option  by  a  hus- 
band will  cover  his  wife  and  option  by  parents 
will  cover  their  children  under  18  years  of  age. 

"Persons  who  have  exercised  the  above  right 
to  opt  must,  except  where  it  is  otherwise  pro- 
vided in  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany, 
transfer  within  the  succeeding  twelve  months 
their  place  of  residence  to  the  state  for  which 
they  have  opted.  They  will  be  entitled  to  re- 
tain the'r  immovable  property  in  Polish  tprri- 
tory.  They  may  carry  with  them  their  mov- 
able pron^rty  of  every  description.  No;  export 
dxiti?s  may  be  imposed  upon  them  in  con- 
nection with  the  removal  of  such  property. 

Article   %. 

"Poland  admits  and  declares  to  be  Polish 
nationals  ipso  facto  and  without  the  require- 
ment of  any  formality  persons  of  German.  Aus- 
trian. Hungarian  or  Russian  nationality  who 
were  born  in  the  said  territory  of  parents 
habitually  resident  there,  even  if  at  the  date 


622 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


of  the  coming1  into  force  of  the  present  treaty 
they  are    net    themselves    habitually   resident 

"Nevertheless,  within  two  years  after  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  these 
persons  may  make  a  declaration  before  the 
competent  Polish  authorities  in  the  country 
in  which  they  are  resident,  stating-  that  they 
abandon  Polish  nationality,  and  they  will  then 
cease  to  be  considered  as  Polish  nationals.  In 
this  connection  a  declaration  by  a  husband  will 
cover  his  wife,  and  a  declaration  by  parents 
•will  cover  their  children  under  18  years  of  ag-e. 
Article  5. 

"Poland  undertakes  to  put  no  hindrance  in 
the  way  of  the  exercise  of  the  right  which  the 


persons  concerned  have,  under  the  treati< 


con- 
and 


eluded   or  to   be   concluded  by   the    alii 
associated     powers     with     Germany.     Austria. 
Hungary  or  Russia,  to  choose  whether  or  not 
they   will  acquire  Polish  nationality. 
Article  6. 

"All  persons  born  in  Polish  territory  who  are 
not  born  nationals  of  another  state  shall  ipso 
facto  become  Polish  nationals. 
Article  7. 

"AH  Polish  nationals  shall  be  equal  before 
the  law  and  shall  enjoy  the  same  civil  and 
political  rights  without  distinction  as  to  race, 
language  or  religion.  . 

"Differences  of  religion,  creed  or  confession 
shall  not  prejudice  any  Polish  national  in 
matters  relating  to  the  enjoyment  of  civil  or 
political  rights,  as  for  instance  admission  to 
public  employments,  functions  and  honors,  or 
the  exercise  of  professions  and  industries. 

"No  restriction  shall  be  imposed  on  the  free 
Use  by  any  Polish  natipnal  of  any  language 
in  private  intercourse,  in  commerce,  in  reli- 
gion, in  the  press  or  in  publications  of  any 
kind  or  at  public  meetings. 

"Notwithstanding  any  establishment  by  the 
Polish  government  of  an  official  language, 
adequate  facilities  shall  be  given  to  Polish 
nationals  of  non-Polish  speech  for  the  use  of 
their  language,  either  orally  or  in  writing. 
before  the  courts. 

Article   8. 

"Polish  nationals  who  belong  to  racial,  re- 
ligious or  linguistic  minorities  shall  enjoy  the 
same  treatment  and  security  in  law  and  in 
fact  as  the  other  Polish  nationals.  In  par- 
ticular they  shall  have  an  equal  right  to  es- 
tablish, manage  and  control  at  their  own  ex- 
pense charitable,  religious  and  social  institu- 
tions, schools  and  other  educational  estab- 
lishments, with  the  right  to  use  their  own 
language  and  to  exercise  their  religion  freely 
therein. 

Article   9. 

"Poland  will  provide  in  the  public  educa- 
tional system  in  towns  and  districts  in  which 
a  considerable  proportion  of  Polish  nationals 
of  other  than  Polish  speech  are  residents  ade- 
quate facilities  for  insuring  that  in  the  pri- 
mary schools  the  instruction  shall  be  given 


to  the  children  of  such  Polish  nationals 
through  the  medium  of  their  own  language. 
This  provision  shall  not  prevent  the  Polish 


government  from  making  the  teaching  of  the 
Polish  language  obligatory  in  the  said  schools. 

"In  towns  and  districts  where  there  is  a 
considerable  proportion  of  Polish  nationals  be- 
longing to  racial,  religious  or  linguistic 
minorities,  these  minorities  shall  be  assured  an 
equitable  share  in  the  enjoyment  and  appli- 
cation of  the  sums  which  may  be  provided 
out  of  public  funds  under  the  state,  munic- 
ipal or  other  budget,  for  educational,  religious 
or  charitable  purposes. 

"The  provisions  of  this  article  shall  apply 
to  Polish  citizens  of  German  speech  only  in 
that  part  of  Poland  which  was  German  terri- 
tory on  Aug.  1.  1914. 

Article   10. 

"Educational  committees  appointed  locally  by 
the  Jewish  communities  of  Poland  will,  sub- 
ject to  the  general  control  of  the  state,  pro 


vide  for  the  distribution  of  the  proportional 
share  of  public  funds  allocated  to  Jewish 
schools  in  accordance  with  article  9  and  for 
the  organization  and  management  of  these 
schools. 

"The  provisions  of  article  9  concerning  the 
use  of  languages  in  schools  shall  apply  to 
these  schools. 

Article  11. 

"Jews  shall  not  be  compelled  to  perform  any 
act  which  constitutes  a  violation  of  their 
Sabbath,  nor  shall  they  be  placed  under  any 
disability  by  reason  of  their  refusal  to  at- 
tend courts  of  law  or  to  perform  any  legal 
business  on  their  Sabbath.  This  provision. 
ho\yever,  shall  not  exempt  Jews  from  such 
obligations  as  shall  be  imposed  upon  all  other 
Polish  citizens  for  the  necessary  purposes  of 
military  service,  national  defense  or  the  pres- 
ervation of  public  order. 

"Poland  declares  her  intention  to  refrain 
from  ordering  or  permitting  elections,  whether 
general  pr  local,  to  be  held  on  a  Saturday,  nor 
will  registration  for  electional  or  other  pur- 
poses be  compelled  to  be  performed  on  a 
Saturday. 

Article    12. 

"Poland  agrees  that  the  stipulation  in  the 
foregoing  articles,  so  far  as  they  affect  per- 
sona belonging  to  racial,  religious  or  linguistic 
minorities,  constitute  obligations  of  interna- 
ional  concern  and  shall  be  placed  under  the 
guaranty  of  the  League  of  Nations.  They  shall 
not  be  modified  without  the  assent  of  a  ma- 
jority of  the  council  of  the  League  of  Nations. 
The  United  States,  the  British  empire,  France. 
Italy  and  Japan  hereby  agree  not  to  withhold 
their  assent  from  any  modification  in  these 
articles  which  is  in  due  form  assented  to  by  a 
majority  of  the  council  of  the  League  of  Na- 

"Poland  agrees  that  any  member  of  the 
council  of  the  League  of  Nations  shall  have 
the  right  to  bring  to  the  attention  of  the  coun- 
cil auy  infraction,  or  any  danger  of  infraction, 
of  any  of  these  obligations,  and  that  the  coun- 
cil may  thereupon  take  such  action  and  give 
uch  direction  as  it  may  deem  proper  and 
effective  in  the  circumstances. 

Poland  further  agrees  that  any  difference 
of  opinion  as  to  questions  of  law  or  fact  aris- 
ing cut  of  these  articles  between  the  Polish 
government  and  any  of  the  principal  allied  and 
associated  powers  or  any  other  power,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council  of  the  League  of  Nations, 
shall  be  held  to  be  a  dispute  of  an  international 
character  under  article  14  of  the  covenant  of 
the  League  of  Nations.  The  Polish  govern- 
ment hereby  consents  that  any  such  dispute 
shall,  if  the  other  party  thereto  demands,  be 
referred  to  the  permanent  court  of  interna- 
tional justice.  The  decision  of  the  permanent 
court  shall  be  final  and  shall  have  the  same 
force  and  effect  as  an  award  under  article  13 
of  the  covenant. 

Chapter   II. 
Article   IS. 

"Each  of  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
powers  on  the  one  part  and  Poland  on  the 
other  shall  be  at  liberty  to  appoint  diplomatic 
representatives  to  reside  in  their  respective 
capitals,  as  well  as  consuls-general,  consuls, 
vice-consuls  and  consular  agents  to  reside  in 
the  towns  and  ports  of  their  respective  terri- 
tories. 

"Consuls-general,  consuls,  vice-consuls  and 
consular  aerents.  however,  shall  not  enter  upon 
their  duties  until  they  have  been  admitted  in 
the  usual  manner  by  the  government  in  the 
territory  of  which  they  are  stationed. 

"Consuls-general,  consuls,  vice-consuls  and 
consular  agents  shall  enjoy  all  the  facilities, 
privileges,  exemptions  and  immunities  of  every 
kind  which  are  or  shall  be  granted  to  consular 
officers  of  the  most  favored  nation. 
Article  1%. 

"Pending  the  establishment  of  an  import 
tariff  by  the  Polish  government,  goods  originat- 
ing in  the  allied  nnd  associated  states  shall  not 
be  subject  to  any  higher  duties  on  importa- 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


623 


tion  into  Poland  than  the  most  favorable 
rates  of  duty  applicable  to  g-oods  of  the  same 
kind  under  either  the  German.  Austro-Hun- 
g-arian  or  Russian  customs  tariffs  on  July  1, 

1914'  '     Article  IB. 

"Poland  undertakes  to  make  no  treaty,  con- 
vention or  arrangement  and  to  take  no.  other 
action  which  will  prevent  her  from  Joining- 
in  any  general  agreement  for  the  equitable 
treatment  of  the  commerce  of  other  states  that 
rnav  be  concluded  under  the  auspices  of  the 
League  of  Nations  within  five  years  from  the 
coming-  into  force  of  the  present  treaty* 

"Poland  also  undertakes  to  extend  to  all  the 
allied  and  associated  states  any  favors  or 
privileges  in  customs  matters  which  she  may 
grant  during-  the  same  period  of  five  years 
to  any  state  with  which  since  August,  1914. 
the  allies  have  been  at  war.  or  to  any  state 
which  may  have  concluded  with  Austria  spe- 
cial customs  arrangements  as  provided  for  11 
the  treaty  of  peace  to  be  concluded  witn 
Austria. 

Article  16. 

"Pending-  the  conclusion  of  the  g-eneral 
agreement  referred  to  above.  Poland  under- 
takes to  treat  on  the  same  footing-  as  national 
vessels  or  vessels  of  the  most  favored  nation 
the  vessels  of  all  the  allied  and  associated 
states  which  accord  similar  treatment  to 
Polish  vessels. 

"By  way  of  exception  from  this  provision, 
the  right  of  Poland  or  of  any  other  allied 
or  associated  state  to  confine  her  maritime 
coasting-  trade  to  national  vessels  is  expressly 
reserved. 

Article    17. 

"Pending-  the  conclusion  under  the  auspices 
of  the  league  of  nations  of  a  general  con- 
vention to  secure  and  maintain  freedom  of 
communications  and  of  transit.  Poland  under- 
takes to  accord  freedom  of  transit  to  per- 
sons, goods,  vessels,  carriages,  wagons  and 
mails  in  transit  to  or  from  any  allied  or 
associated  state  over  Polish  territory,  in- 
ciuding1  territorial  waters,  and  to  treat  them 
at  least  as  favorably  as  the  persons,  goods, 
vessels,  carriages,  wagons  and  mails  respective- 
ly of  Polish  or  of  any  other  most  favored 
nationality,  origin,  importation  or  ownership 
as  regards  facilities,  charges,  restrictions  and 
all  other  matters. 

"All  charges  imposed  in  Poland  on  such 
traffic  in  transit  shall  be  reasonable,  having 
regard  to  the  conditions  of  the  traffic.  Goods 
in  transit  shall  be  exempt  from  all  customs 
or  other  duties.  Tariffs  for  transit  traffic 
across  Poland  and  tariffs  between  Poland  and 
any  allied  or  associated  power  involving- 
through  tickets  or  waybills  shall  be  estab- 
lished at  the  request  of  that  allied  or  as- 
sociated power. 

"Freedom  of  transit  shall  extend  to  postal; 
telegraphic  and  telephonic  services. 

"It  is  agreed  that  no  allied  or  associated 
power  can  claim  the  benefit  of  these  provisions 
on  behalf  of  any  part  of  its  territory  in  which 
reciprocal  treatment  is  not  accorded  in  respect 
to  the  same  subject  matter. 

"If  within  a  period  of  five  years  from  the 
coming1  into  force  of  the  present  treaty  no 
g-eneral  convention  as  aforesaid  shall  have  been 
concluded  under  the  auspices  of  the  League  of 
Nations.  Poland  shall  be  at  liberty  at  any  time 
thereafter  to  give  twelve  months'  notice  to 
the  secretary-g-eneml  of  the  League  of  Nations 
to  terminate  the  obligations  of  this  article- 
Article  18. 

"Pending1  the  conclusion  of  a  general  con- 
vention on  the  international  regime  of  water- 
ways, Poland  undertakes  to  apply  to  the 
river  system  of  the  Vistula  (inclrdiner  the 
Bug-  and  the  Narev),  the  regime  applicable  to 
international  waterways  set  out  in  »rti"1es 
332  to  337  of  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Ger- 
many. 


Article  19. 

"Poland  undertakes  to  adhere  within  twelve 
months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pres- 
ent  .lr^at.y  to  the  international  conventions 
specified  in  Annex  I. 

"Poland  undertakes  to  adhere  to  any  new 
convention,  concluded  with  the  approval  of 
the  council  of  the  league  of  nations  within 
five  years  of  the  coming-  into  force  of  the 
present  treaty,  to  replace  any  of  the  inter- 
national instruments  specified  i'n  Annex  I 

"The  Polish  government  undertakes  within 
twelve  months  to  notify  the  secretary-general 
of  the  league  of  nations  whether  or  not  Po- 
land desires  to  adhere  to  either  or  both  of 
the  international  conventions  specified  in  An- 

"Until  Poland  has  adhered  to  the  two  con- 
ventions last  specified  in  Annex  I.  she  agrees 
on  condition  of  reciprocity,  to  protect  bv 
effective  measures  the  industrial,  literary  and 
artistic  property  of  nationals  of  the  allied 
and  associated  states.  In  the  case  of  any 
allied  or  associated  state  not  adhering  to  the 
said  conventions  Poland  agrees  to  continue 
to  afford  such  effective  protection  on  the 
same  conditions  until  the  conclusion  of  a  spe- 
cial bilateral  treaty  or  agreement  for  that 
purpose,  with  such  allied  or  associated  state. 
.  Pending-  her  adhesion  to  the  other  conven- 
tions specified  in  Annex  I  Poland  will  secure 
to  the  nationals  of  the  allied  and  associated 
powers  the  advantages  to  which  they  would 
be  entitled  under  the  said  conventions. 

Poland!  further  agrees,  on  condition  of  reel- 
procity.  to  recognize  and  protect  all  rights 
m  any  industrial,  literary  or  artistic  property 
belonging-  to  the  nationals  of  the  allied  and 
associated  states  in  force  or  which  but  for  the 
war  would  .have  been  in  force  in  any  part 
of  her  territories  before  transfer  to  Poland. 
For  such  purposes  she  will  accord  the  ex- 
tension of  time  agreed  to  in  articles  307  and 
308  of  the  treaty  with  Germany. 

Annex  I. 
Telegraphic  or  Radio-Telegraphic  Conventions. 

"International  telegraphic  convention  signed 
at  St.  Petersburg,  July  10-22  1875 

"Regulations  and  tariffs  drawn  up  by  the 
international  telegraph  conference,  signed  at 
Lisbon.  June  11,  1908. 

"International  radio-telegraphic  convention 
July  5.  1912. 

Railway  Conventions. 

"Conventions  and  arrangements  signed  at 
Bern  on  Oct.  14.  1890:  Sept.  20.  1893;  July 
16.  1895:  June  16.  1898.  and  Sept.  19.  1906. 
and  the  current  supplementary  provisions  made 
upon  those  conventions. 

"Agreement  of  May  15.  1886.  regarding-  the 
sealing-  of  railway  trucks  subject  to  customs 
inspection  and  the  protocol  of  May  18.  1907. 

"Agreement  of  May  15.  1886,  regarding  the 
technical  standardization  of  railways,  as 
modified  on  May  18.  1907. 

Sanitary  Convention. 

"Convention  of  Dec.  3.  1903 
Other  Conventions. 

"Convention  of  Sept.  26.  1906.  for  the  sup- 
pression of  nig-ht  work  for  women. 

"Convention  of  Sept.  26.  1906.  for  the  sup- 
pression of  the  use  of  white  phosphorus  in 
the  manufacture  of  matches. 

"Convention  of  May  18,  1904,  and  May  4. 
1910.  regarding1  the  suppression  of  the  white 
slave  traffic 

'Convention  of  May  4.  1910.  regarding-  the 
suppression  of  obscene  publications. 

International  convention  of  Paris  of  Mnrch 
20.  1883.  as  revised  at  Washington  in  1911. 
for  the  protection  of  industrial  property. 

"International    convention    of    Bern    of    S^Tit. 

9.    1886.    revised  at  Berlin  on   Nov    13.   1908. 

and     completed     by     the     additional     protocol 

iern^d    at    B-rn    on    March    20      1914.    for  the 

protection   of   literary    and   artistic   work. 


€24 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Annex  II. 

"Agreement  of  Madrid  of  April  14.  1891.  for 
the  prevention  of  false  indications  of  origin 
of  goods,  revised  at  Washington  in  1911,  and 

"Agreement  of  Madrid  of  April  14.  1891,  for 
the  international  registration  of  trade  marks, 
revised  at  Washington  in  1911. 

Article  20. 

"All  rights  and  privileges  accorded  by  the 
foregoing  articles  to  the  allied  and  associated 
states  shall  be  accorded  equally  to  all  states 
members  of  the  League  of  Nations. 

Article  21. 

"Poland  agrees  to  assume  responsibility  for 
such  proportion  of  the  Russian  public  debt 
and  other  Russian  public  liabilities  of  any  kind 
as  may  be  assigned  to  her  under  a  special  con- 
vention between  the  principal  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers  on  the  one  hand  and  Poland 
on  the  other,  to  be  prepared  by  a  commission 
appointed  by  the  above  states.  In  the  event 
of  the  commission  not  arriving  at  an  agree- 
ment the  point  at  issue  shall  be  referred 
or  immediate  arbitration  to  the  League  of 
lations. 
"The  present  treaty,  of  which  the  French,  and 


fix 


English  texts  are  both  authentic,  shall  be  rati- 
fied. It  shall  come  into  force  at  the  same 
time  as  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany. 

"The  deposit  of  ratifications  shall  be  made 
at  Pans. 

"Powers  of  which  the  seat  of  the  govern- 
ment is  outside  of  Europe  will  be  entitled 
merely  to  inform  the  government  of  the 
French  republic  through  their  diplomatic  rep- 
resentative at  Paris  that  their  ratification  has 
been  given:  in  that  case  they  must  transmit 
the  instrument  of  ratification  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. 

"A   proces-verbal  of   the  deposit  of  ratifica- 


tion will  be  drawn  up. 
"The  Fr 


rench  government  will  transmit  to  all 

the  signatory  powers  a  certified  copy  of  the 
proces-verbal  of  the  deposit  of  ratifications. 

"In  faith  whereof  the  above  named  pleni- 
potentiaries have  signed  the  present  treaty 

"Done  at  Versailles,  the  28th  day  of  June. 
1919.  in  a  single  copy,  which  will  remain  de- 
posited in  the  archives  of  the  French  repub- 
lic, and  of  which  authenticated  copies  will 
be  transmitted  to  each  of  the  signatory  pow- 

[The  foregoing  treaty  was  signed  at  Ver- 
sailles. June  28.  1919.] 


CONQUEST  OF  MESOPOTAMIA. 


In  November.  1914.  the  British  landed  the 
Poona  division  of  the  Indian  army  at  the 
head  of  the  Persian  gulf  to  protect  the  oil 
fields  to  the  northeast  of  Basra  and  interests 
in  Persia  and  Arabia.  Still  another  purpose 
in  sending-  an  expedition  into  Mesopotamia 
was  to  prevent  the  Germans  from  making-  use 
of  the  Bagdad  railway  to  launch  gunboats 
and  submarines  on  the  Persian  gulf  to  cut  the 
British  communications  by  sea  with  Australia 
and  India.  The  following  is  a  summary  of 
the  campaign  that  followed  and  finally  resulted 
in  the  conquest  of  Mesopotamia  by  the  Anglo- 
Indian  forces: 

Basra  was  captured  by  the. British  Nov.  22. 
1914.  Fighting  of  an  unimportant  character 
followed  after  the  Mesopptamian  army  had 
been  re-enforced  by  two  divisions  of  infantry 
and  one  of  cavalry.  The  commander  of  the 
army  was  Gen.  Sir  John  Nixon  and  of  the 
divisions  Mai  .-Gen.  Townshend  and  Maj.- 
Gen.  Gorringe.  In  the  summer  of  1915  the 
Turks  were  defeated  at  Nasiriyeh  and  Amara. 
In  September  the  6th  division  under  Town- 
shend captured  Kut-el-Amara.  He  was  ordered 
to  advance  on  Bagdad,  thoug-h  his  forces  were 
depleted  and  poorly  equipped.  He  did  so 
against  his  will  and  on  Nov.  22.  1915.  won 
the  battle  of  Ctesiphon.  Then  the  Turks, 
commanded  by  the  German  general  Marshal 
von  der  Goltz,  attacked  and  forced  the  British 
to  retreat  to  Kut-el-Amara.  where  they  were 
besieged  and  forced  to  surrender  April  29. 
1916.  after  some  20.000  men  had  been  sacri- 
ficed in  aUempts  to  rescue  them.  Gen.  Nixon 


had  been  succeeded  in  command  of  the  army 
by  Sir  Percy  Lake.  The  Kut-el-Amara  disaster 
cost  the  British  40.000  men  in  killed  and 
wounded  and  prisoners. 

Sir  Percy  Lake  was  succeeded  by  Lieut  .-Gen. 
Sir  Stanley  Maude,  who,  after  several  months 
spent  in  the  reorganization  of  the  army,  began 
an  advance  which  finally  resulted  in  the  com- 
plete overthrow  of  the  Turks  in  Mesopotamia. 
Every  movement  was  carefully  planned  and 
energetically  carried  out,  with  the  result  that 
no  further  reverses  of  a  serious  nature  oc- 
curred. Kut-el-Amara  was  retaken  Feb.  24, 
1917.  by  the  13th  British  and  three  Indian 
divisions  and  on  March  11  the  same  force 
captured  Bagdad.  On  April  23  Samara  was 
taken  and  on  Sept.  29,  Ramadie,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates river,  was  in  the  possession  of  the 
British.  Tekrit  on  the  Tigris  fell  Nov.  5. 
Gen.  Maude  died  Nov.  18  and  was  succeeded 
by  Lieut.-Gen.  W.  R.  Marshall,  who  in  1918 
continued  the  victorious  advance  up  the  Tigris 
ana  the  Euphrates  rivers.  Hit-on-the- 
Euphrates  was  captured  March  10  and  Khan 
Bagdadie  on  March  26.  A  column  of  troops 
advancing-  along-  the  Shatt-el-Adhaim  defeated 
the  Turks  at  Tauk  and  Kirkuk  April  27-30  and 
in  conjunction  with  another  column,  which 
had  come  up  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Tigris, 
took  Ashur  and  Kalat  Shergal  Oct.  28-29. 

On  Oct.  30.  1918.  the  Indo-British  forces 
occupied  Mosul  and  the  ruins  of  ancient  Nin- 
eveh on  the  east  bank  of  the  Tigris.  This 
terminated  the  campaign,  as  the  Turks  on  that 
day  capitulated  to  the  allies. 


FRENCH    ARMY    FOURRAGERE    DECORATION. 

[From   Army   and  Navy  Journal.] 


The  French  have  three  different  military 
medals.  The  Legion  of  Honor,  with  a  red  rib- 
bon: the  military  medal,  with  a  yellow  and 
green  ribbon:  and  the  war  cross,  with  a  green 
and  red  ribbon.  There  are  several  grades  of 
the  Legion  of  Honor,  some  awarded  for  mili- 
tary and  some  for  civilian  merit.  Its  military 
award  is  always  to  an  officer,  except  in  the 
most  unusual  circumstances,  when  it  may  be 
awarded  to  a  soldier.  The  military  medal  is 
given  almost  exclusively  to  soldiers,  and  it  is 
a  peace  aa  well  as  a  war  award,  as  is  the 
Leg-ion  of  Honor  decoration.  The  military 
medal  may  be  awarded  to  general  officers,  but 
only  in  recognition  of  exceptionally  merito- 
rious service  in  the  field.  It  is  worn  by  Mar- 
shal Foch  and  Marshal  Joffre.  The  war  cross 


is  awarded  to  both  officers  and  soldiers  and  is 
exclusively   a  military  medal. 

At  times  a  regiment,  or  an  isolated  company 
or  battalion,  will  be  cited  for  special  gallantry 
in  action  as  a  whole,  and  when  so  cited  its 
colors  are  decorated  with  one  of  these  medals. 
If  an  organization  is  cited  two  or  three  times 
each  man  in  it  is  awarded  the  fourragere.  or 
cord,  made  of  the  colors  of  th^  war  cross, 
green  and  red.  If  cited  four  or  five  times  the 
colors  are  decorated  with  the  military  medal 
and  the  cord  worn  hy  the  men  in  the  organiza- 
tion is  made  of  yellow  and  green.  For  six  or 
more  citations  the  colors  get  the  Legion  of 
Honor  medal  and  a  solid  cord  of  red  is  awarded 
every  man.  Thus  the  citations  in  order  are 
the  war  cross,  the  military  medal  and  the 
medal  of  the  Legion  of  Honor. 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


625 


TREATY  OF  PEACE  WITH  AUSTRIA. 


Following1  is  the  text  of  the  treaty  of  peace 
with  Austria  as  presented  to  the  United  States 
senate  Sept.  15,  1919.  and  printed  in  the 
Congressional  Record  for  that  date.  It  is  an 
authentic  copy  of  the  original  treaty,  signed 
Sept.  10: 


aPAI.    ALLIED    A!?1 
ERS   AND   AUSTRIA. 


ALLIED    AND    ASSOCIATED    POW- 


THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA,  THE 
BRITISH  EMPIRE.  FRANCE,  ITALY  and 
JAPAN. 

These  powers  being1  described  in  the  present 
treaty  as  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
powers: 

BELGIUM.  BOLIVIA,  BRAZIL.  CHINA. 
CUBA.  ECUADOR,  GREECE,  GUATEMALA, 
HAITI.  THE  HEDJAZ.  HONDURAS.  LIBERIA. 
NICARAGUA.  PANAMA,  PERU,  POLAND. 
PORTUGAL.  ROUMANIA.  THE  SERB-CROAT- 
SLOVENE  STATE,  SIAM.  CZECHO-SLOVAKIA 
and  URUGUAY. 

These  powers  constituting1,  with  the  princi- 
pal powers  mentioned  above,  the  allied  and 
associated  powers, 

of  the  one  part: 

And  AUSTRIA. 

of  the  other  part: 

Whereas,  on  the  reauest  of  the  former  impe- 
rial and  royal  Austro-Hungarian  government 
an  armistice  was  granted  to  Austria-Hungary 
on  Nov.  3.  1918.  by  the  principal  allied  and 
associated  powers  in  order  that  a  treaty  of 
peace  might  be  coacluded.  and. 

Whereas,  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
are  equally  desirous  that  the  war  in  which 
certain  among  them  were  successively  in- 
volved, directly  or  indirectly,  against  Austria- 
Hungary,  and  which  originated  in  the  declara- 
tion of  war  against  Serbia  on  July  28.  1914, 
by  the  former  imperial  and  royal  Austro-Hun- 
garian  government,  and  in  the  hostilities  con- 
ducted by  Germany  in  alliance  with  Austria- 
Hungary,  should  be  replaced  by  a  firm,  just 
add  durable  peace,  and. 

Whereas,  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  mon- 
archy has  now  ceased  to  exist,  and  has  been 
replaced  in  Austria  by  a  republican  govern- 
ment, and 

Whereas,  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
powers  have  already  recognized  that  the 
Czecho-Slovak  state,  in  which  are  incorporated 
certain  portions  of  the  said  monarchy,  is  a 
free,  independent  and  allied  state,  and. 

Whereas,  the  said  powers  have  also  recog- 
nized the  union  of  certain  portions  of  the  said 
monarchy  with  the  territory  of  the  kingdom 
of  Serbia  as  a  free,  independent  and  allied 
state,  under  the  name  of  the  Serb-Croat-Slo- 
vene state,  and, 

'Whereas,  it  is  necessary,  while  restoring 
peace,  to  regulate  the  situation  which  has 
arisen  from  the  dissolution  of  the  said  mon- 
archy and  the  formation  of  the  said  states, 
and  to  establish  the  government  of  these 
countries  on  a  firm  foundation  of  justice  and 
equity; 

For  this  purpose  the  HIGH  CONTRACTING 
PARTIES  represented  .as  follows: 
THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

OF  AMERICA,   by: 

The  Honorable  Frank  Lyon  Polk.  Under- 
secretary of  State: 

The  Honorable  Henry  White,  formerly  Am- 
bassador Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary 
of  the  United  States  at  Rome  and  Paris. 

Gen.    Tasker    H.    Bliss.    Military    Representa- 
tive of   the  United  States  on  the  Supreme 
War  Council: 
HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  UNITED 

KINGDOM   OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRE- 
LAND AND  OF  THE  BRITISH  DOMINIONS 

BEYOND  THE  SEAS.  EMPEROR  OF  INDIA, 

The   Right    Honorable   David  Lloyd   George, 


M.    P..    First    Lord    of    His   Treasury    and 

Prime  Minister: 
The    Right     Honorable    Arthur    James    Bal- 

four,  O.  M.,  M.  P..  His  Secretary  of  StaU 

for  Foreign  Affairs: 
The    Right    Honorable    Andrew    Bonar   Law, 

M.  P..  His  Lord  Privy  Seal: 
The    Right    Honorable    Viscount    Milner.    G. 

C.  B..   G.  C.  M.  G..   His  Secretary  of  State 

for  the  Colonies: 
The  Right    Honorable  Georg-e  Nicoll  Barnes. 

M.    P..    Minister   without   portfolio: 


fot'tl 


DOMINION    of   CANADA,    by: 


for  the  COMMONWEALTH  'of  AUSTRALIA, 'by: 


for  the  UNION  of  SOUTH  AFRICA,  by: 


for  the  DOMINION   of   NEW  ZEALAND,   by: 
for  INDIA. "by? 


THE     PRESIDENT    OF    THE    FRENCH     RE- 
PUBLIC,  by : 
Mr.    Georges    Clemenceau.    President    of   tlie 

Council,  Minister  of  War; 
Mr.    Stephen    Pichon,    Minister    for    Foreign 

Affairs. 

Mr.  Louis-Lucien  Klotz.  Minister  of  Finance. 
Mr.    Andre  Tardieu,   Commissary-General  for 

Franco-American    Military    Affairs: 
Mr.  Jules  Cambon.   Ambassador  of  France. 
HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF   ITALY,   by: 


Mi.   S.  Crespi.  Deputy: 


HIS   MAJESTY   THE   EMPEROR   OF    JAPAN, 

Viscount   Chinda.   Ambassador  Extraordinary 

and  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  Emperor 

of  Japan   at  London; 
Mr.    K.    Matsui,    Ambassador    Extraordinary 

and  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  II.  the  Emperor 

of   Japan   at  Paris; 

Mr.  H.  Ijuin.  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and 
.      Plenipotentiary   of   H.  M.   the   Emperor  ol 

Japan  at  Rome; 
HIS    MAJESTY    THE    KING    OF    THE    BEL- 


mans,  Minister  for  Foreign  Af- 
fairs,  Minister  of  State: 
Mr.  Jules  van  den  Heuvel,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Minister 
of  State: 
Mr.    Emile  Vandervelde.   Minister  of  Justice, 

Minister  of  State; 

THF  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF 
-~LIVIA.  by: 

..  Ismael  Montes,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Bolivia  at 
Paris; 

THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
BRAZIL,  by: 


Mr.     Pandia      Calogeras,      Deputy,      formerly 

Minister    of   Finance; 
THE     PRESIDENT   OF    THE    CHINESE    RE- 

Mr.   Lou  Tseng-Tsiang.   Minister  for  Foreign 

Affairs: 
Mr.     Chengting     Thomas     Wang,     formerly 

Minister  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 
THE   PRESIDENT   OF   THE  CUBAN   REPUB- 
LIC, by: 

Mr.  Antonio  Sanchez  de  Bustamante.  Dean 
of  the  Faculty  of  Law  in  the  University 
of  Havana.  President  of  the  Cuban  Society 
of  International  Law; 


626 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


, 

Mr.  JoaQuin  Mendez.  formerly  Minister  of 
State  for  Public  Works  and  Public  Instruc- 
tion: Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister 


THF.    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
FCUADOR.    by: 

Mr.  Dcrn  y  de  Alsua,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and.  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Ecuador  at 

HIS   MAJESTY  THE   KING  OF    THE    HEL- 

Mr.    Eleftherios   Veniselos,   President   of   the 

Council   of   Ministers: 
Mr.    Nicolas    Politis,    Minister    for    Foreign 

Affairs  : 

THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
GUATEMALA,  by 

z     frmerl      Mi 

Instruc- 
Minister 

Plenipotentiary   of   Guatemala   at  Washing- 
ton.    Envoy    Extraordinary     and     Minister 
Plenipotentiary  on  special  mission  at  Pans; 
THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
HAITI,  by: 

Mr.  Tertullien  Guilbaud.  Envoy  Extraordi; 
nary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Haiti 
at  Paris: 

HJT9  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  THE  HEDJAZ. 
b 
[r.  Rustem  Haidar; 

Abdul  Hadi   Aouni; 
THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
HONDURAS,  by: 

THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
LIBERL4..    by: 

Honorable     Charles     Dunbar     Burgees 
ing.  Secretary  of  State; 

[E    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
TICARAGUA.   by: 

fr     Salvador    Chnmorro.    President    of    the 
Chamber  of  Deputies: 
THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
PANAMA,    by: 

Mr.  Antonio  Burgos,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Panama  at 
Madrid: 

THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 
PERU,    by: 

Mr.  Carlos  G.  Candamo.  lEnvoy  Extraordinai-y 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Peru  at 
Paris: 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  POLISH  REPUB- 
LIC. by: 

Mr.  Ignace  Paderewski.  President  of  the 
Council  of  Ministers.  Minister  for  Foreign 

Mr.  Roman  Dmowski,  President  of  the  Polish 

National   Committee; 

THE    PRESIDENT    OF     THE     PORTUGUESE 
REPUBLIC,  by: 
Dr.  Affonso  Costa,  formerly  President  of  the 

Council    of   Ministers  : 
Mr.   Augusto   Soares.    formerly  Minister   for 

Foreign  Affairs; 
HIS   MAJESTY   THE  KING  OF    ROUMANIA. 

Mr'.  Ion  I.  C.  Bratiano.  President  of  the 
Council  of  Ministers.  Minister  for  Foreign 

Gen.    Constantin  Coanda.   Corps   Commander, 
A.   D.   C.   to  the   King,    formerly   President 
of   the  Council   of  Ministers; 
HIS   MAJESTY  THE  KI^O   OF   THE    SERBS. 
THE  CROATS  AND  THE  SLOVENES,  by; 
Mr.    Nicolas   P.   Pachitch.   formerly   President 

of  the  Council  of  Ministers: 
Mr.  Ante  Trumbic,  Minister  for  Foreign  Af- 

fairs : 

Mr.  Milenko  Vesnitch.  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the 
King  of  the  Serbs,  the  Croats  and  the  Slo- 
venes at  Paris: 

HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING  OF  SIAM.  by: 
Prince    Charoon      Envoy    Extraordinary    and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  H.  M.  the  King 
of  Siam  at  Paris: 

Prince    Traidos    Prabandhu.      Under   Secretary 
of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs: 


FUICb  CZECHQ-SLOVAK 

Mr.  Karel  kraniar.  President  of  the  Council 

of    Ministers; 
Mr.    Edouard    Benes,    Minister    for    Foreign 

Affairs: 

THE    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    REPUBLIC    OF 

TJRTJXjrLJAY,  "by ! 

Mr.   Juan   Antonio  Buero,   Minister  for  For- 
eign   Affairs,    formerly    Minister   ol    Indus- 
try: 
AUSTRIA,   by: 

Mr.   Charles  Renner.  Chancellor  of  the  Aus- 
trian   Republic. 
WHO.  having  communicated  their  full  powers, 

found  in  good  and  due  form,  have  AGREED 

A.S   FOLLOW.S : 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  the  state  of  war  will  terminate. 

Austria  is  recognized  under  the  name  of  the 
"Republic  of  Austria." 

From  that  moment,   and  subject  to  the  pro- 
visions   of    this    treaty,    official    relations    will 
exist   between   thp    allied    and    associated    pow- 
ers and  the  republic  of  Austria. 
PART  I.— THE  COVENANT  OF  THE  LEAGUE 

[Omitted.  See  treaty  with  Germany  for 
text.] 

PART  H.— FRONTIERS  OF  AUSTRIA. 

Article  27. 

The  frontiers  of  Austria  shall  be  fixed  as 
follows  (see  map)  : 

1.  With  Switzerland  and  Lichtenstein: 
The  present  frontier. 

2.  With  Italy: 

From  the  point  645  (Gruben  J.)  eastward 
o  point  2915  (Klopaier  Spitz). 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  point  1483  on  the  Reschen-Nauders 

thence  eastward  to  the  summit  of  Dreiherrn 
Spitz  (point  3505). 

the  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the  Inn 
to  the  north  and  the  Ad;ge  to  the  south: 

thence  south-southeastward  to  point  2545 
(Marchkinkele) . 

The  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the 
Drave  to  the  east  and  the  Adige  to  the  west: 

thence  southeastward  to  point  2483  (Helm 
Spitz) 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  crossing  the 
Drave  between  Winnbach  and  Arnbach: 

thence  east-southeastward  to  point  2050 
(Osternig)  about  9  kilometers  northwest  of 

the  "watershed  between  the  basins  of  the 
Drave  on  the  north  and  successively  the  basins 
of  the  Sextenbach.  the  Piave  and  the  Taglia- 
mento  on  the  south; 

thence  east-southeastward  to  point  1492 
(about  2  k'lometers  west  of  Thorl). 

the  watershed  between  the  Gail  and  the 
Gailitz; 

thence  eastward  to  point  1509    (Pec). 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  cutt;ner  the 
Gailitz  south  of  the  town  and  station  of  Thorl 
and  passing  by  point  1270  (Cabin  Berg). 

3.  On  the  south,   and  then  with  the  Klagen- 
furt  area,   subject  to  the  provisions  of  section 
II.  of  part  in.   (Political  Clauses  for  Europe)  : 

from  point  1509  (Pec)  eastward  to  point 
1817  (Malestiger). 

the   crest   of   the   Karavanken; 

from  point  1817  (Malestiger)  and  in  a  north- 
easterly direction  as  far  as  the  Drave  at  a 
point  situated  about  1  kilometer  southeast  of 
the  railway  bridge  on  the  eastern  branch  of 
the  bend  made  by  that  river  about  six  kil- 
ometers east  of  Villach. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  cutting  the 
railway  between  Mallpfitig  and  Faak  and  pass- 
ing1 through  point  666  (Polana)  : 

thence  in  a  southeasterly  direction  to  a  point 
about  two  kilometers  above  St.  Martin, 

the  course  of  the  Drave: 

thence    in    a    northerly    direction    as    far   afl 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


627 


point  871.  about  ten  kilometers  to  the  east- 
northeast  of  Villach. 

a  line  running  approximately  from  south  to 
north  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground: 

thence  east-north-eastward  to  a  point  to  be 
chosen  near  point  725  about  ten  kilometers 
northwest  of  Klageniurt  on  the  administra- 
tive boundary  between  the  districts  of  St. 
Veit  and  Klageniurt. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  points  1069  (Taubenbuhel),  1045 
(Gallinberg)  and  815  (Freudenberg)  : 

thence  eastward  to  a  point  to  be  ch9sen  on 
the  ground  west  of  point  1075  (Steinbruch 
Kogel), 

the  administrative  boundary  between  the  dis- 
tricts of  St.  Veit  and  Klagenfurt: 

thence  northeastward  to  the.  point  on  the 
Gurk  where  the  administrative  boundary  of 
the  district  of  Volkermarkt  leaves  th.s  river. 
a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  point  1076; 

thence  northeastward  to  point  1899  (Speik- 
kogel) . 

the  administrative  boundary  between  the 
districts  of  St.  Veit  and  Volkermarkt: 

thence  southeastward  to  point  842  (1  kil- 
ometer west  of  Kasparstein) . 

the  northeastern  boundary  of  the  district  oi 
Volkcrmarkt: 

thence  eastward  to  point  1522  (Huhner 
Kogel). 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
north  of  Lavamund. 

4.  With  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state,  subject 
to    the   provisions    of   section   II.    of   part  HI. 
(Political  Clauses  for  Europe)  : 

From  point  1522  (Huhner  Kogel)  eastward 
to  point  917  St.  Lorenzen. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  point  1330: 

thence  eastward  to  the  point  -where  it  meets 
the  administrative  boundary  between  the  dis- 
tricts of  Marburg-  and  Leibnitz. 

the  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the 
Drave  to  the  south  and  the  Sag-gau  to  the 
north: 

thence  nprtheastward  to  the  point  where 
this  administrative  boundary  meets  the  Mur, 

the  above  mentioned  administrative  bound- 
thence  to  the  point  where  it  meets  the  old 
frontiers  of  1867  between  Austria  and  Hun- 
gary five  kilometers  southeast  of  Radkersburg. 

the  principal  course  of  the  Mur  downstream; 

thence  northward  to  a  point  to  be  fixed  east 
of  point  400  about  sixteen  kilometers  north 
of  Radkersburg, 

the  old  frontier  at  1867  between.  Austria  and 

thence  'northeastward  to  a  point  to  be  fixed 
on  the  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the 
Baab  and  the  Mur  about  two  kilometers  east 
of  Toka. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  passing;  be- 
tween the  villages  of  Bonisf  alva  'and.  Gedoudvar. 

This  point  is  the  point  common  to  the  three 
frontiers  of  Austria.  Hungary  and  the  Serb- 
Croat-Slovene  state. 

5.  With   Hungary: 

From  the  point  above  defined  northeastward 
to  point  353  about  six  kilometers  north-north- 
east of  Szentgotthard, 

a   line   to   be   fixed   on    the   ground   passing 


through  point  353  (Janke  B.).  then  west  of 
the  Radkersburg-Szentgotthard  road  and  east 
of  the  villages  of  Nagyfalva,  Nemetlak  and 


Rabakeresztur: 

thence  in  a  general  northeasterly  direction  to 
point  234  about  seven  kilometers  north-north- 
east of  Pinka-Minds/ent. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  point  323  (Hochkogel).  then  south  of 
the  villages  of  Zsamand.  Nemetbukkos  and 
Karacsfa.  and  between  Nagysaroslak  and 
Pinka-Mindszent : 

thence  northward  to  point  883  (Trott  Ko) 
about  nine  kilometers  southwest  of  Koszeg. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  points  241.  260  and  273.  then  east 


of  Nagynarda  and  Rohoncz  and  west  of  Dqz- 
mat  and  Butsching; 

thence  northeastward  to  point  265  (Kamen- 
je)  about  two  kilometers  southeast  of  Ni- 
kitsch. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  passing 
southeast  of  Liebing.  Olmod  and  Locsmand 
and  northwest  of  Koszegv  and  the  road  from 
Koszeg  to  Salamonfa: 

thence  northward  to  a  point  to  be  selected 
on  the  southern  shore  of  .Neusiedler  See  be- 
tween Holling  and  Hidegseg. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  passing 
east  of  Nikitsch  and  Zinkendorf  and  vest  of 
Kovesd  and  Nemet-Pereszteg; 

thence  eastward  to  point  115  situated  about 
eight  kilometers  southwest  of  St.  Johann. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  crossing 
the  Neusiedler  See.  passing  south  of  the  island 


containing  point  117.  leaving  in  Hungary  the 
branch  railway  running  northwestward  from 
the  station  of  Mexiko  as  well  as  the  entire 


Einser  canal,  and  passing  south  of  Pamhagen: 

thence  northward  to  a  point  to  be  selected 
about  one  kilometer  west  of  Antonienhof  (east 
of  Kittsee).  this  point  being  the  point  com- 
mon to  the  three  frontiers  of  Austria.  Hungary 
and  the  Czecho-Slovak  state. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  leaving  en- 
tirely in  Hungarian  territory  the  Csorna- 
Karlburg  railway  and  passing  west  of  Wust- 
Sommerein  and  Kr.  Jahrndorf,  and  east  of 
Andau,  Nikelsdorf,  D.  Jahrndorf  and  Kittsee. 

6.  With  the  Czecho-Slovak  state: 

From  the  point  above  defined  northwest- 
ward to  the  bend  of  the  old  frontier  of  1867 
between  Austria  and  Hungary  about  two  and 
a  half  kilometers  northeast  of  Berg. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  cutting  the 
Kittsee-Pressburg  road  about  two  Kilometers 
north  of  Kittsee: 

thence  northward  to  a  point  to  be  selected 
on  the  principal  channel  of  navigation  o*£  the 
Danube  about  four  and  a  half  kilometers  up- 
stream from  the  Pressburg  bridge. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  following 
as  much  as  possible  the  old  frontier  of  1867 
between  Austria  and  Hungary: 

thence  westward  to  the  confluence  Of  the 
Morava  (March)  with  the  Danube. 

the  principal  channel  of  navigation  of  the 
Danube: 

thence  the  course  of  the  Morava  upstream, 
then  the  course  of  the  Thaya  upstream  to  a 
point  to  be  selected  about  two  kilometers 
southeast  of  the  intersection  of  the  Rabens- 
burg-Themenau  road  with  the  Rabensburg- 
Lundenburg  railway: 

thence  west-northwestward  the  above  men- 
tioned administrative  boundary  between  Lower 
Austria  and  Moravia  situated  about  400  meters 
south  of  the  point  where  this  boundary  cuts 
Nikolsburg-Feldsberg  railway. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  points  187  (Dlouhyvrch).  221  (Ros- 
enbergen).  223  (Wolf  sbergr).  291  (Raisten- 
berg) ,  249  and  279  (Kallerhaide)  ; 

thence  west-northwestward  the  above  men- 
tioned administrative  boundary; 

thence  westward  to  a  point  to  be  selected 
about  3  kilometers  east  of  the  village  of 
Franzensthal, 

the  old  administrative  boundary  between 
Lower  Austria  and  Bohemia: 

thence  southward  to  point  498  (Gelsen- 
berg)  about  5  kilometers  north-northwest  of 
Gmund, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
east  of  -the  Rottenschachen-Zuggers  road  and 
through  points  537  and  522  (G.  Nagel  B.)  ; 

thence  southward  and  then  west-northwest- 
ward to  a  point  on  the  old  administrative 
boundary  between  Lower  Austria  and  Bohemia 
situated  about  200  meters  north  of  the  point 
where  it  cuts  the  Gratzen-Weitra  road, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
between  Zuggers  and  Breitensee.  then  through 
the  most  southeasterly  point  of  the  railway 
bridge  over  the  Lainsitz  while  leaving  to  Aus^ 
tria  the  town  of  Gmund  and  to  the  Czecho- 


628 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Slovak  state  the  station  and  railway  works  of 
Gmund  (Wolfshof)  and  the  junction  of  the 
Gmund-Budweis  and  Gmund-Wittingau  rail- 
ways, then  passing1  through  points  524 
(Grundbuhel).  577  (north  of  Hohenberg)  and 

thence  southwe'stward  the  above  mentioned 
administrative  boundary,  then  northwestward 
the  old  administrative  boundary  between 
Upper  Austria  and  Bohemia  to  its  point  of 
junction  with  the  frontier  of  Germany. 

7.  With   Germany: 

The  frontier  of  Aug.  3,   1914. 
Article   28. 

The  frontiers  described  by  the  present  treaty 
are  traced,  for  such  parts  as  are  defined,  on 
the  one  in  a  million  map  attached  to  the 
present  treaty.  In  case  of  differences  between 
the  text  and  the  maps,  the  text  will  prevail. 
Article  29. 

Boundary  commissions,  whose  composition  is 
fixed  by  the  present  treaty,  or  will  be  fixed 
by  a  treaty  between  the  principal  allied  and 
associated  powers  and  the.  or  any,  interested 
states,  will  have  to  trace  these  frontiers  on 
the  ground. 

They  shall  have  the  power,  not  only  of  fixing 
those  portions  which  are  defined  as  "a  line  to 
be  fixed  on  the, ground,"  but  also,  where  a 
request  to  that  effect  is  made  by  one  of  the 
states  concerned,  and  the  commission  is  satis- 
fied that  it  is  desirable  to  do  -so,  of  revising 
portions  defined  by  administrative  boundaries: 
this  shall  not.  however,  apply  in  the  case  of 
international  boundaries  existing  in  August. 
1914,  where  the  task  of  the  commission  will 
confine  itself  to  the  re-establishment  of  sign- 
posts and  boundary  marks. 

They  shall  endeavor  in  both  cases  to  follow 
as  nearly  as  possible  the  descriptions  given  in 
the  treaties,  taking  into  account  as  far  as  pos- 
sible administrative  boundaries  and  local  eco- 
nomic interests. 

The  decisions  of  the  commissions  will  be 
taken  by  a  majority  and  shall  be  binding  on 
the  parties  concerned. 

The  expenses  of  the  boundary  commissions 
•will  be  borne  in  eaual  shares  by  the  two 
states  concerned. 

Article  SO. 

In  so  far  as  frontiers  defined  by  a  waterway 
are  concerned,  the  phrases  "course"  or  '"chan- 
nel" used  in  the  descriptions  of  the  present 
treaty  signify,  as  regards  non-navigable  rivers, 
the  median  line  of  the  waterway  or  of  its 
principal  branch,  and.  as  regards  navigable 
rivers,  the  median  line  of  the  principal  chan- 
nel of  navigation.  It  will  rest  with  the 
boundary  commissions  provided  for  by  the 
present  treaty  to  specify  whether  the  frontier 
line  shall  follow  any  changes  of  the  course  or 
channel  which  may  take  place,  or  whether  it 
shall  be  definitely  fixed  by  the  position  of  the 
course  or  channel  at  the  time  when  the  pres- 
ent treaty  comes  into  force. 
Article  31. 

The  various  states  interested  undertake  to 
furnish  to  the  commissions  all  documents  nec- 
essary for  their  tasks,  especially  authentic 
copies  of  agreements  fixing  existing  or  old 
frontiers,  all  large  scale  maps  in  existence, 
geodetic  data,  surveys  completed  but  unpub- 
lished, and  information  concerning  the  changes 
of  frontier  watercourses. 

They  also  undertake  to  instruct  the  local 
authorities  to  communicate  to  the  commissions 
all  documents,  especially  plans,  cadastral  and 
land  books,  and  to  furnish  on  demand  all  de- 
tails regarding  property,  existing  economic  con- 
ditions and  other  necessary  information. 
Article  32. 

The  various  states  interested  undertake  to 
give  every  assistance  to  the  boundary  commis- 
sions.  whether  directly  or  through  local  au- 
thorities, in  everything  that  concerns  transport, 
accommodation,  labor,  material  (signposts, 
boundary  pillars)  necessary  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  their  mission. 


Article  33. 

The  various  states  interested  undertake  to 
safeguard  the  trigonometrical  points,  signals, 
posts  or  frontier  marks  erected  by  the  com- 

misSiQn-  Article  34. 

The  pillars  will  be  placed  so  as  to  be  in- 
tervisible:  they  will  be  numbered  and  their 
position  and  their  number  will  be  noted  on  a 
cartographic  document. 

Article  35. 

The  protocols  defining  the  boundary  and  the 
maps  and  documents  attached  thereto  will  be 
made  out  in  triplicate,  of  which  two  copies 
will  be  forwarded  to  the  governments  of  the 
limitrophe  states  and  the  third  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  French  republic,  which  will 
deliver  authentic  copies  to  the  powers  who 
sign  the  present  treaty. 

PART   III. 

POLITICAL,  CLAUSES  FOR  EUROPE 

Section   I.— Italy. 

Article   36. 

Austria  renounces,  so  far  as  she  is  con- 
cerned, in  favor  of  Italy  all  rights  and  title 
over  the  territory  of  the  former  Austro-Hun- 
garian monarchy  'situated  beyond  the  frontier 
laid  down  in  article  27  (2)  and  lying  between 
that  frontier,  the  former  Austro-Hungarian 
frontier,  the  Adriatic  sea  and  the  eastern  fron- 
tier of  Italy  as  subsequently  determined. 

Austria  similarly  renounces,  so  far  as  she 
is  concerned,  in  favor  of  Italy  all  rights  and 
title  over  other  territory  of  the  former  Aus- 
tro-Hungarian monarchy  which  may  be  recog- 
nized as  forming  part  of  Italy  by  any  trea- 
ties which  may  be  concluded  for  the  purpose 
of  completing  the  present  settlement. 

A  commission  composed  of  five  members, 
one  nominated  by  Italy,  three  by  the  other 
principal  allied  and  associated  powers  and  one 
by  Austria,  shall  be  constituted  within  fifteen 
days  from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pres- 
ent treaty  to  trace  on  the  spot  the  frontier  line 
between  Italy  and  Austria.  The  decisions  of 
the  commission  will  be  taken  by  a  majority 
and  shall  be  binding  on  the  parties  concerned. 
Article  37. 

Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  article  260 
of  part  X.  (economic  clauses),  persons  having 
their  usual  residence  in  the  territories  of  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  transferred 
to  Italy  who.  during  the  war,  have  been  out- 
side the  territories  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy  or  have  been  imprisoned, 
interned  or  evacuated,  shall  enjoy  the  full 
benefit  of  the  provisions  of  articles  252  and 
253  of  part  X.  (Economic  Clauses). 
Article  38. 

A  special  convention  will  determine  the 
terms  of  repayment  in  Austrian  currency  of 
the  special  war  expenditures  advanced  during 
the  war  by  territory  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy  transferred  to  Italy  or 
by  i  ublic  associations  in  that  territory  on  ac- 
count of  the  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  un- 
der its  legislation,  such  as  allowances  to  the 
families  of  persons  mobilized,  requisitions,  bil- 
leting of  troops  and  relief  to  persons  who  have 
been  evncuated. 

In  fixing  the  amount  of  the  sums  Austria 
shall  be  credited  with  the  amount  which  the 
territory  would  have  contributed  to  Austna- 
Hungary  to  meet  the  expenses  resulting  from 
these  payments,  this  contribution  being  cal- 
culated according-  to  the  proportion  of  the 
revenues  of  the  former  Austro-Hunganan  mon- 
archy derived  from  the  territory  in  1913. 
Article  39. 

The  Italian  government  will  collect  for  its 
own  account  the  taxes,  dues  and  charges  of 
every  kind  leviable  in  the  territories  trans- 
ferred to  Italy  and  not  collected  on  Nov.  3. 
1918.  Article  40. 

No  sum  shall  be  due  by  Italy  on  the  ground 
of  her  entry  into  possession  of  the  Palazzo 
Venezia  at  Rome. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


629 


Article  41. 

Subject  to  the  provisions  of  article  204  of 
part  IX.  (Financial  Clauses)  relative  to  the 
acquisition  of  and  payment  for  state  property 
and  possessions,  the  Italian  government  is  sub- 
stituted in  all  the  right  which  the  Austrian 
state  possessed  over  all  the  railways  in  the 
territories  transferred  to  Italy  which  were  ad- 
ministered by  the  railway  administration  of 
the  said  state  and  which  are  actually  work- 
ing- or  under  construction. 

The  same  shall  apply  to  the  rights  of  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  with  re- 
gard to  railway  and  tramway  concessions 
within  the  above  mentioned  territories 

The    frontier    railway    stations    shall    be    de- 
termined by  a  subsequent  agreement. 
Article  42. 

Austria  shall  restore  to  Italy  within  a  period 
of  three  months  all  the  wagons  belonging  to 
the  Italian  railways  which  before  the  outbreak 
of  the  war  had  passed  into  Austria  and  have 
not  returned  to  Italy. 

Article  43. 

Austria  renounces  as  from  Nov.  3,  1918.  on 
behalf  of  herself  and  her  nationals  in  regard  to 
territories  transferred  to  Italy  all  rights  to 
which  she  may  be  entitled  with  regard  to  the 
products  of  the  aforesaid  territories  under  any 
agreements,  stipulations  or  laws  establishing 
trusts,  cartels  or  other  similar  organizations. 
Article  44. 

(For  a  period  of  ten  years  from  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty  central  elec- 
tric power  stations  situated  in  Austrian  terri- 
tory and  formerly  furnishing  electric  power  to 
the  territories  transferred  to  Italy  or  to  any 
other  establishment  the  exploitation  of  which 
passes  to  Italy  shall  be  required  to  continue 
furnishing  this  supply  up  to  an  amount  cor- 
responding to  the  undertakings  and  contracts 
in  force  on  Nov.  3.  1918. 

Austria  further  admits  the  right  of  Italy  to 
the  'free  use  of  the  waters  of  Lake  Raibl  and 
its   derivative    watercourse    and    to   divert    tha 
said  waters  to  the  basin  of  the  Korinitza. 
Article  45. 

1.  Judgments   rendered   since  Aug.   4.   1914, 
by  the  courts  in   the    territory   transferred   to 
Italy   in   civil    and   commercial    cases  between 
Ihe    inhabitants    of    such    territory    and    other 
nationals   of    the   former   Austrian   empire,    or 
between  such  inhabitants  and  the  subjects  of 
the  allies   of  the  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy, 
shall    not    be    carried    into    effect    until    after 
indorsement   by   the   corresponding   new    court 
in  such  territory. 

2.  All  decisions  rendered  for  political  crimes 
or  offenses  since  Aug.  4.  1914.  by  the  judicial 
authorities    of    the    former    Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy    against    Italian   nationals,    including 
persons    who   obtain   Italian   nationality   under 
the  present  treaty,   shall  be  annulled. 

3.  In    all    matters     relating    to    proceedings 
initiated  before  the  coming  into   force   of   the 
present    treaty   before    the    competent    authori- 
ties  of   the  territory   transferred   to  Italy,    the 
Italian    and    Austrian    judicial    authorities    re- 
spectively shall  until  the  coming  into  force  of 
a  special  convention  on  this  subject  be  author- 
ized   to    correspond    with    each    other    direct. 
Requests  thus   presented   shall   be  given  effect 
to   so  far   as   the  laws   of    a   public  character 
allow    in    the    country    to    the    authorities    of 
which   the  request  is   addressed. 

4.  All   appeals  to   the   higher  Austrian   judi- 
cial and  administrative  authorities  beyond  the 
limits     of     the     territory    transferred    to  Italy 
against  decisions  of  the  administrative  or  judi- 
cial authorities  of  this  territory  shall  be  sus- 
pended.     The    records    shall    be    submitted    to 
the  authorities  against  whose  decision  the  ap- 
peal was  entered.     They   must   be  transmitted 
to   the    competent    Italian    authorities    without 

5.  All  other  questions  as  to  jurisdiction,  pro- 
cedure or  the  administration  of  justice  will  be 


determined   by    a    special    convention   between 
Italy  and  Austria. 

Section    II.— Serb-Croat-Slovene     State 
Article  46. 

Austria,    in   conformity    with   the   action   al- 
ready taken  by  the  allied  and  associated  pow- 
ers,  recognizes   the   complete   independence   of 
the  Serb-Croat-Slovene   state. 
Article  47. 

Austria  renounces  so  far  as  she  is  concerned 
in  favor  of  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  all 
rights  and  title  over  the  territories  of  the  for- 
mer Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  situated  out- 
side the  frontiers  of  Austria  as  laid  down  in 
Article  27  of  Part  II.  (Frontiers  of  Austria) 
and  recognized  by  the  present  treaty,  or  by 
any  treaties  concluded  for  the  purpose  of  com- 
pleting the  present  settlement,  as  forming  part 
of  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state. 
Article  48. 

A  commission  consisting  of  seven  members, 
five  nominated  by  the  pdncipal  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers,  one  by  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene 
state  and  one  by  Austria,  shall  be  constituted 
within  fifteen  days  from  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  treaty  to  trace  on  the  spot  the 
frontier  line  described  in  Article  27  (4)  of 
Part  II.  (Frontiers  of  Austria). 

The  decisions  of  the  commission  will  be 
taken  by  a  majority  and  shall  be  binding"  on 
the  parties  concerned. 

Article  49. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  Klagenfurt  area  will 
be  called  upon,  to  the  extent  stated  below,  to 
indicate  by  a  vote  the  state  to  which  they 
wish  the  territory  to  belong. 

The  boundaries  of   the  Klagenfurt   area   are 

From  point  871.  about  ten  kilometers  to  the 
east-northeast  of  Villach,  southward  to  %i  point 
on  the  Drave  about  two  kilometers  above  St. 

a  line  running  approximately  from  north  to 
south  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground; 

thence  in  a  northwesterly  direction  as  lar 
as  a  point  about  one  kilometer  southeast  of 
the  railway  bridge  on  the  eastern  branch  of 
the  bend  formed  by  the  Drave  about  six 
kilometers  to  the  east  of  Villach. 

the  course  of  the  Drave; 

thence  in  a  southwesterly  direction  to  point 
1817  (Malestiger) . 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing 
through  point  666  (Polana)  and  cutting  the 
railway  between  Mallestig  and  Faak; 

thence  in  an  east-southeasterly  direction,  then 
northwest  to  point  19*29  (Gushowa), 

the  watershed  between  the  basins  of  the 
Drave  to  the  north  and  the  Save  to  the  south; 

thence  northeast  to  point  1054  (Strojna). 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  following 
in  a  general  manner  the  western  boundary  of 
the  basin  of  the  Miess,  passing  through  points 
1558,  "2124  and  1185; 

thence  northeast  to  point  1522  (Huhner 
Kogel). 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  crossing  the 
Drave  to  the  south  of  Lavamund; 

from  the  Huhner  Kogel  westward  to  point 
842,  one  kilometer  west  of  Kasparstein. 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground  passing  to 
the  north  of  Lavamund; 

thence  as  far  as  point  1899    (Speikkogl), 

the  northeastern  administrative  boundary  of 
the  district  nf  Volkermarkt; 

thence  in  a  southwesterly  direction  as  far  as 
the  river  Gurk. 

the  northwestern  administrative  boundary  of 
the  district  of  Volkermarkt; 

thence  in  a  southwesterly  direction  as  far  as 
a  point  on  the  administrative  boundary  to  the 
west  of  point  1075  (Steinbruch  Kogel). 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground,  passing 
through  point  1076; 

thence  in  a  westerly  direction  and  as  far  as 
a  point  to  be  fixed  near  point  725,  about  ten 
kilometers  northwest  of  Klagenfurt. 


630 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


the  administrative  boundary  between  the  dis- 
tricts ol  St.  Veit  and  Klag-enfurt; 

thence  as  far  as  point  871,  which  was  the 
starting-  point  of  this  description. 

a   line    to    be    fixed    on    the   ground,    passing 
through  points  815  (Freudenberg)  ,  104=5  (Gal- 
linberg)   and  1069    (Taubenbuhel)  . 
Article  50. 

With  a  view  to  the  organization  of  a  plebi- 
scite, the  Klagenfurt  area  will  be  divided  into 
two  zones,  the  first  to  the  south  and  the  sec- 

•  ond    to    the    north    of    a    transversal    line    of 
which   the    following-   is   a   description; 

From  the  point  where  the  western  boundary 
of  the  area  leaves  the  Drave  in  a  northerly 

-  direction    as    far   as    the  point    about    one    kil- 
ometer to  the  east  of  Rosegg   (Saint  -Michael). 

the  course  of  the  Drave  downstream; 

thence  in  a  northeasterly  direction  and  as 
far  as  the  western  extremity  of  the  Worther 
See,  south  of  .Velden, 

a  line  to  be  fixed  on  the  ground: 

thence  in  an  easterly  direction  to  the  outlet 
of  the  Glanfurt  from  the  lake. 

.the  median^  line  of  that  lake; 

thence  eastward  to  its  confluence  with  the 
River  Glan. 

the  course  of  the  Glanfurt  downstream; 

thence  eastward  to  its  confluence  with  the 
River  Gurk. 

the  course  of  the  Glan  downstream; 

thence  in  -a  northeasterly  direction,  to  the 
point  where  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
Klangenfurt  area  crosses  the  River  Gurk. 


the  course 
Klage 


of  the  Gurk. 
nfurt    area    will   be   placed    under 


The 

the  control  of  a  commission  intrusted  with 
the  duty  of  preparing  the  plebiscite  in  that 
area  and  assuring  the  impartial  administration 
thereof.  This  commission  will  be  composed 
as  foll&ws:  Four  members  nominated  respect- 
ively by  the  United  States.  Great  Britain. 
France  and  Italy,  one  by  Austria,  one  by  the 
Serb-Croat-Slovene  state,  the  Austrian  member 
only  taking  part  in  the  deliberations  of  the 
commission  in  regard  to  the  second  zone,  and 
the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  member  only  taking 
part  therein  with  regard  to  the  first  zone. 
The  decisions  of  the  commission  will  be  taken 
by  a  majority. 

The  second  zone  will  be  occupied  by  the 
Austrian  troops  and  administered  in  accord- 
ance with  the  general  regulations  of  the  Aus- 
trian legislation. 

The  first  zone  will  be  occupied  by  the  troops 
of  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  and  admin- 
istered in  accordance  with  the  general  regula- 
tions of  the  legislation  of  that  state. 

In  both  zones  the  troops,  whether  Austrian 
or  Serb-Croat-Slovene,  shall  be  reduced  to  the 
numbers  which  the  commission  may  consider 
necessary  for  the  preservation  of  order,  and 
shall  carry  out  their  mission  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  commission.  These  troops  shall 
be  replaced  as  speedily  as  possible  by  a  police 
force  recruited  on  the  spot. 

The  commission  will  be  charged  with  the 
duty  of  arranging  for  the  vote  and  of  taking 
such  measures  as  it  may  deem  necessary  to 
insure  its  freedom,  fairness  and  secrecy. 

In  the  first  zone  the  plebiscite  will  be  held 
within  three  months  from  the  corning  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty,  at  a  date  fixed 
by  the  commission. 

If  the  vote  is  in  favor  of  the  Serb-Croat-Slo- 
vene state,  a  plebiscite  will  be  held  in  the  sec- 
ond zone  within  three  weeks  from  the  procla- 
mation of  the  result  of  the  plebiscite  in  the 
first  zone,  at  a  date  to  be  fixed  by  the  com- 
mission. 

If.  on  the  other  hand,  the  vote  in  the  first 
zone  is  in  favor  of  Austria,  no  plebiscite  will 
be  held  in  the  second  zone,  and  the  whole 
of  the  area  will  remain  definitively  under  Aus- 
trian sovereignty. 

The  right  of  voting  will  be  granted  to  every 
person  without  distinction  of  sex  who: 

(a,)  Has  attained  the  age  of  20  years  on 
or  before  Jan.  1,  1919: 


(b)  Has  on  Jan.  1.  1919.  his  or  her  habit- 
ual residence  within  the  zone  subjected  to  the 
plebiscite:    and. 

(c)  Was  bom  within  the  said  zone,   or  has 
had    his    or    her   habitual    residence    or    rights 
of  citizenship    (pertinenza)    there  trom  a  date 
previous   to   Jan.   1,    1912. 

The  result  of  the  vote  will  be  determined 
by  the  majority  of  votes  in  the  whole  of 
each  zone. 

On  the  conclusion  of  each  vote  the  result 
will  be  communicated  by  the  commission  to 
the  principal  allied  and  associated  powers, 
with  a  full  report  as  to  the  taking  of  the 
vote,  and  will  be  proclaimed. 

If  the  vote  is  in  favor  of  the  incorporation 
either  of  the  first  zone  or  of  both  zones  in 
the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state,  Austria  hereby 
renounces,  so  far  as  she  is  concerned  and 
to  the  extent  corresponding  to  the  result  of 
the  vote,  in  favor  of  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene 
state  all  rights  and  title  over  these  territories. 

After  agreement  with  the  commission  the 
Serb-Croat-Slovene  government  may  definitively 
establish  its  authority  over  the  said  terri- 
tories. 

If  the  vote  in  the  first  or  second  zone  is 
in  favor  of  Austria,  the  Austrian  government, 
after  agreement  with  the  commission,  will  be 
entitled  definitively  to  re-establish  its  author- 
ity over  the  whole  of  the  Klagenfurt  area, 
or  in  the 'second  zone,  as  the  case  may  be. 

When  the  administration  of  the  country, 
either  by  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  or  by 
Austria,  as  the  case  may  .be,  has  been  thus 
assured,  the  powers  of  the  commission  will 
terminate. 

Expenditure  by  the  commission  will  be  borne 
by  Austria  and  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  in 
equal  moieties. 

Article   51. 

The  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  accepts  and 
agrees  to  embody  in  a  treaty  with  the  prin- 
cipal allied  and  associated  powers  such  pro- 
visions as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  these 
powers  to  protect  the  interests  of  inhabitants 
of  that  state  who  differ  from  the  majority  of 
the  population  in  race,  language  or  religion. 

The  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  further  accepts 
and  agrees  to  embody  in  a  treaty  with  the 
principal  allied  and  associated  powers  such 
provisions  as  these  powers  may  deem  necessary 
to  protect  freedom  of  transit  and  equitable 
treatment  of  the  commerce  of  other  nations. 
Article  52. 

The  nroportion  and  nature  of  the  financial 
obligations  of  the  former  Austrian  empire 
which  the  Serb-Croat-'Slovene  state  will  have 
to  assume  on  account  of  the  territory  Placed 
under  its  sovereignty  will  be  determined  in  ac- 
cordance with  article  203  of  part  IX.  (Finan- 
cial Clauses)  of  the  present  treaty. 
.  Subsecment  agreements  will  decide  all  Ques- 
tions which  are  not  decided  by  the  present 
treaty  and  which  may  arise  in  consequence  of 
the  cession  of  the  said  territory. 

Section  III.— Czecho- Slovak  State. 
Article   53. 

Austria,  in  conformity  with  the  action  al- 
ready taken  by  the  allied  and  associated  pow- 
ers, recoernizes  the  complete  independence  of 
the  Czecho-blovak  state,  which  will  include  the 
autonomous  territory  of  the  Ruthenians  to  the 
south  of  the  Carpathians. 

Article   5 4. 

Austria  renounces  so  far  as  she  is  concerned 
in  favor  of  the  Czecho-Slovak  state  all  rierhta 
and  title  over  the  territories  of  the  former 
Austro-Hunerarian  monarchy  situated  outside 
the  frontiers  of  Austria  as  laid  down  in  article 
27  of  part  II.  (Frontiers  of  Austria)  and  rec- 
ognized in  accordance  with  the  present  treaty 
as  forming:  part  of  the  Czecho-Slovak  state. 
Article  55. 

A  commission  composed  of  seven  members, 
five  nominated  by  the  principal  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers,  one  by  the  Czechoslovak 
state,  and  one  by  Austria,  will  be  appointed 
fifteen  days  after  the  cominff  into  force  of  the 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


631 


present  treaty  to  trace  on  the  spot  the  frontier 
line  laid  down  in  article  27  (6)  of  Dart  II. 
(Frontiers  of  Austria)  of  the  present  treaty. 

The  decisions  of  this,  commission  will  be 
taken  by  a  majority  and  shall  be  binding1  on 
the  parties  concerned. 

Article  56. 

The  Czecho-Slovak  state  undertakes  not  to 
erect  any  military  works  in  that  portion  of  its 
territory  which  lies  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Danube  to  the  eouth  of  Bratislava  (Pressc. 
bure) . 

Article  57. 

The  Czecho-Slovak  state  accept  sand  agrees  to 
embody  in  a  treaty  with  the  principal  allied 
and  associated  powers  such  provisions  as  may 
be  deemed  necessary  by  these  powers  to  pro- 
tect the  interests  of  inhabitants  of  that  etate 
who  differ  from  the  majority  of  the  popula- 
tion in  race,  language  or  religion. 

The  Czecho-Slovak  state  further  accepts  and 
aerrees  to  embody  in  a  treaty  with  the  princi- 
pal allied  and  associated  powers  such  provi- 
sions as  these  powers  may  deem  necessary  to 
protect  freedom  of  transit  and  equitable  treat- 
ment for  the  commerce  of  other  nations. 
Article  58. 

The  proportion  and  nature  of  the  financial 
obligations  of  the  former  Austrian  empire 
which  the  Czecho-Slovak  state  will  have  to 
assume  on  account  of  the  territory  placed  un- 


der its   sovereignty   will  _be  determined ,  in   ac- 
cordance with  article  20 
cial   Clauses)    of    the   presen 


)3  of  part  IX.    (Finan 
___    ________     —    ___   .         nt   treaty. 

iSubseauent  agreements  will  decide   all   Ques- 


tions which  are  not  decided  by  the  present 
treaty  and  which  may  arise  in  consequence  of 
the  cession  of  the  said  territory. 

Section  IV.—  Roumania. 
Article  59. 

Austria  renounces,  so  far.  as  she.  is  con- 
cerned in  favor  of  Roumania  all  rights  and 
title  over  such  portion  of  the  former  duchy  of 
Bukovina  as  lies  within  the  frontiers  of  Rou- 
mania. which  may  ultimately  be  fixed  by  the 
principal  allied  and  associated  powers. 
Article  60. 

Roumania  accepts  and  aerrees  to  embody  in 
a  treaty  with  the  principal  allied  and  associ- 
ated powers  such  provisions  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary  by  these  powers  to  protect  the  in 
terests  of  inhabitants  of  that  state  who  differ 
from  the  majority  of  the  population  in  race. 
laneruaere  or  relierion 

Roumania  further  accepts  and  aerrees  to  em- 
body in  a  treaty  with  the  principal  allied  and 
associated  powers  such  provisions  as  these 
powers  may  deem  necessary  to  protect  freedom 
of  transit  and  eauitable  treatment  for  the  com- 
merce of  other  nations. 

Article  61. 

The  proportion  and  nature  of  the  financial 
obligations  of  the  former  Austrian  empire 
which  Roumania  will  have  to  assume  on  ac- 
count of  the  territory  placed  under  her  sov- 
ereignty will  be  determined  in  accordance  with 
article  203  of  part  IX.  (Financial  Clauses)  of 
the  present  treaty. 

Subseauent  agreements  will  decide  all  Ques- 
tions which  are  not  decided  b.v  the  present 
treaty  and  which  may  arise  in  conseauence  of 
the  cession  of  the  said  territory. 

Section  V.—  Protection  of  Minorities. 
Article    62. 

Austria  undertakes  that  the  stipulations  con- 
tained in  this  section  shall  be  recoernized  as 
fundamental  laws,  and  that  no  law.  regulation 
or  official  action  shall  conflict  or  interfere  with 
these  stipulations,  nor  shall  any  law.  reenla- 
tion  or  official  action  prevail  over  them. 
Article  63. 

Austria  undertakes  to  assure  full  and  com- 
plete protection  of  life  and  liberty  to  all  in- 
habitants of  Austria  without  distinction  of 
birth,  nationality,  lansruaore  race  or  relieion. 

All  inhabitants  of  Austria  shall  be  entitled 
to  the  free  exercise,  whether  public  or  pri- 


vate, odf  any  creed,  religion  or  belief,  whose 
practices  are  not  inconsistent  with  public  or- 
der or  public  morals. 

Articlk   6Jt. 

Austria  admits  and  declares  to  be  Austrian 
nationals  ipso  facto  and  without  the  require- 
ment of  any  formality  all  persons  possessing1 
at  the  date  of  the  coming1  into  force  of  the 
present  treaty  rights  of  citizenship  (perti~ 
nenza)  within  Austrian  territory  who  are  not 
nationals  of  any  other  state. 
Article  65. 

All  persons  born  in  Austrian  territory  who 
are  not  born  nationals  of  another  state  ehall 
ipso  facto  become  Austrian,  nationals. 

Article    66. 

All  Austrian  nationals  shall  be  equal  before 
the  law  and  shall  enjoy  the  same  civil  and 
political  rights  without  distinction  as  to  race. 
language  or  religion. 

Differences  of  religion,  creed  or  confession 
shall  not  prejudice  any  Austrian  national  in 
matters  relating  to  the  enjoyment  of  civil  or 
political  rights,  as  for  instance  admission  to 
public  employments,  functions  and  honors  or 
the  exercise  of  professions  and  industries. 

No  restriction  shall  be  imposed  on  the  free 
use  by  any  Austrian  national  of  any  language 
in  private  intercourse,  in  commerce,  in  reli- 
erion, in  the  press  or  in  publications  of  any 
kind,  or  at  public  meetings. 

Notwithstanding  any  establishment  by  the 
Austrian  government  of  an  official  language. 
adequate  facilities  shall  be  given  to  Austrian 
nationals  of  non-German  speech  for  the  use 
of  their  language,  either  orally  or  in  writing, 
before  the  courts. 

Article    67 

Austrian  nationals  who  belong  to  racial,  re- 
ligious or  linguistic  minorities  shall  enjoy  the 
same  treatment  and  security  ia  law  and  in 
fact  as  the  other  Austrian  nationals.  In  par- 
ticular they  shall  have  an  equal  right  to  es- 
tablish, manage  and  control  at  their  own  ex- 
pense charitable,  religious  and  social  institu- 
tions, schools  and  other  educational  establish- 
ments, with  the  right  to  use  their  own  lan- 
guage and  to  exercise  their  religion  freely 
therein. 

Article    68. 

Austria  will  provide  in  the  public  educational 
system  in  towns  and  districts  in  which  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  Austrian  nationals  of 
other  than  German  speech  are  residents  ade- 
quate facilities  for  insuring  that  in  the  pri- 
mary schools  the  instruction  shall  be  given  to 
the  children  of  such  Austrian  nationals 
through  the  medium  of  their  own  language. 
This  provision  shall  not  prevent  the  Austrian 
government  from  making  the  teaching  of  the 
German  language  obligatory  in  the  said 
schools. 

In  towns  and  districts  where  there  is  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  Austrian  nationals  be- 
longing to  racial,  religious  or  linguistic  mi- 
norities, these  minorities  shall  be  assured  an 
equitable  share  in  the  enjoyment  and  applica- 
tion of  the  sums  which  may  be  provided  out 
of  public  funds  under  the  state,  municipal  or 
other  budgets  for  educational,  religious  or 
charitable  purposes. 

Article   69 

Austria  agrees  that  the  stipulations  in  the 
foregoing  articles  of  this  section,  so  far  as 
they  affect  persons  belonging  to  racial,  reli- 
gious or  linguistic  minorities,  constitute  obliga- 
tions of  inteanational  concern  and  shall  be 
placed  under  the  guaranty  of  the  league  or 
nations.  They  shall  not  be  modified  without 
the  assent  of  a  majority  of  the  council  of  the 
league  of  nations.  The  allied  and  associated 
powers  represented  on  the  council  severally 
agree  not  to  withhold  their  assent  from  any 
modification  in  these  articles  which  is  in  due 
form  assented  to  by  a  majority  of  the  council 
of  the  league  of  nations. 

Austria  agrees  that  any  member  of  the  coun- 
cil of  the  league  of  nations  shall  have  the 


632 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


rig-it  to  bring-  to  the  attention  of  the  council 
any  infraction,  or  any  danger  of  infraction, 
of  any  of  these  obligations,  and  that  the  coun- 
cil may  thereupon  take  such  action,  and  give 
euch  direction  as  it  may  deem  proper  and 
effective  in  the  circumstances. 

Austria  further  agrees  that  any  difference  of 
opinion  as  to  questions  of  law  or  fact  arising- 
out  of  these  articles  between  the  Austrian  gov- 
ernment and  any  one  of  the  principal  allied 
and  associated  powers  or  any  other  power, 
a  member  of  the  council  of  the  leag-ue 
of  nations,  shall  be  held  to  be  a  dispute  of 
an  international  character  under  article  14  of 
the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations.  The 
Austrian  government  hereby  consents  that  any 
such  dispute  shall,  if  the  other  party  thereto 
demands,  be  referred  to  the  permanent  court 
of  international  justice.  The  decision  of  the 
permanent  court  shall  be  final  and  shall  have 
the  same  force  and  effect  as  an  award  under 
article  13  of  the  covenant. 
Section  VI.— Clauses  Relating  to  Nationality. 

Article    70. 

Every  person  possessing1  rights  of  citizenship 
(pertinenza)  in  territory  which  formed  part 
of  the  territories  of  the  former  Austro-Hun- 
g-arian  monarchy  shall  obtain  ipso  facto  to  the 
exclusion  of  Austrian  nationality  the  nation- 
ality of  the  state  exercising1  sovereignty  over 
such  territory. 

Article    71. 

Notwithstanding'  the  provisions  of  article  70. 
Italian  nationality  shall  not.  in  the  case  of 
territory  transferred  to  Italy,  be  acquired  ipso 
facto  * 

1.  By  persona  possessing-  rights   of    citizen- 
ship  in   such    territory    who    were    not    born 

2.  By  persons  who   acquired  their  rights  of 
citizenship    in    such    territory    after   May    24. 
1915,  or  who  acquired  them  only  by  reason  of 
their  official  position. 

Article  7£. 

The  persona  referred  to  in  article  71,  as  well 
as  those  who  (a)  formerly  possessed  rights  of 
citizenship  in  the  territories  transferred  to 
Italy,  or  whose  father,  or  mother  if  the  fa- 
ther is  unknown,  possessed  rights  of  citizen 
ship  in  such  territories,  or  (b)  have  served  in 
the  Italian  army  during-  the  present  war,  and 
their  descendants,  may  claim  Italian  national- 
ity subject  to  the  conditions  prescribed  in  ar- 
ticle 78  for  the  right  of  option. 
Article  73. 

The  claim  to  Italian  nationality  by  the  per- 
sons referred  to  in  article  72  may  in  individual 
cases  be  refused  by  the  competent  Italian 
authority. 

Article    74. 

Where  the  claim  to  Italian  nationality  tinder 
article  72  is  not  made,  or  is  refused,  the  per- 
sons concerned  will  obtain  ipso  facto  the  na- 
tionality of  the  state  exercising  sovereignty 
over  the  territory  in  which  they  possessed 
rights  of  citizenship  before  acquiring  such 
rights  in  the  territory  transferred  to  Italy. 
Article  75. 

Juridical  persons  established  in  the  terri- 
tories transferred  to  Italy  shall  be  considered 
Italian  if  they  are  recognized  as  such  either  by 
the  Italian  administrative  authorities  or  by  an 
Italian  judicial  decision. 

Article  76. 

Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  article  70. 
persons  who  acquired  rights  of  citizenship 
after  Jan.  1.  1910,  in  territory  transferred  un- 
der the  present  treaty  to  the  Serb-Croat-Slo- 
vene state,  or  to  the  Czecho-Slovak  state,  will 
not  acquire  Serb-Croat-Slovene  or  Czecho- 
slovak nationality  without  a  permit  from  the 
Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  or  the  Czecho-Slovak 
state  respectively. 

Article    77. 

If  the  permit  referred  to  in  article  76  is  not 
applied  for.  or  is  refused,  the  persons  con- 
cerned will  obtain  ipso  facto  the  nationality 


of  the  state  exercising  sovereignty  over  the 
territory  in  which  they  previously  possessed 
rights  of  citizenship. 

Article  78. 

Persons  over  18  years  of  ag-e  losing-  their 
Austrian  nationality  and  obtaining  ipso  facto 
a  new  nationality  under  article  70.  shall 
be  entitled  within  a  period  of  one  year  from 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty 
to  opt  for  the  nationality  of  the  state  in  which 
they  possessed  rights  of  citizenship  before  ac- 
quiring such  rights  in  the  territory  transferred. 

Option  by  a  husband  will  cover  his  wife  and 
option  by  parents  will  cover  their  children  un- 
der 18  years  of  age. 

Persons  who  have  exercised  the  above  right 
to  opt  must  within  the  succeeding  twelve 
months  transfer  their  place  of  residence  to 
the  state  for  which  they  have  opted. 

They  will  be  entitled  to  retain  their  im- 
movable property  in  the  territory  of  the  other 
state  where  they  had  their  place  of  residence 
before  exercising  their  rights  to  opt. 

They    may    carry    with    them    their   movable 

property    of  every  description.      No  export  or 

import   duties   may  be  imposed   upon    them  in 

connection  with  the  removal  of  such  property. 

Article  79. 

Persons  entitled  to  vote  in  plebiscites  pro- 
vided for  in  the  present  treaty  shall  -within 
a  period  of  six  months  after  the  definitive  at- 
tribution of  the  area  in  which  the  plebiscite 
has  taken  place  be  entitled  to  opt  for  the 
nationality  of  the  state  to  which  the  area  is 

The     provisions     of     article    78   relating-   to 
the  right  of  option  shall  apply  equally  to  the 
exercise   of   the  right   under  this   article. 
Article   80. 

Persons  possessing-  rights  of  citizenship  in 
territory  forming  part  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hunganan  monarchy,  and  differing  in  race  and 
language  from  the  majority  9f  the  population 
of  such  territory,  shall  within  six  months  of 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty 
severally  be  entitled  to  opt  for  Austria,  Italy. 
Poland.  Roumania.  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene 
state,  or  the  Czecho-Slovak  state,  if  the  ma- 
jority of  the  population  of  the  state  selected 
is  of  the  same  race  and  language  as  the  per- 
son exercising-  the  right  to  opt.  The  pro- 
visions of  article  78  as  to  the  exercise  of  the 
right  of  option  shall  apply  to  the  right  of 
option  given  by  this  article. 
Article  81. 

The  high  contracting  parties  undertake  to 
put  no  hindrance  in  the  way  of  the  exercise 
of  the  right  which  the  persons  concerned 
have  under  the  present  treaty,  or  under  treaties 
concluded  by  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
with  Germany,  Hungary  or  Russia,  or  between 
any  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  them- 
selves, to  choose  any  other  nationality  which 
may  be  open  to  them. 

Article   82. 

For  the  purposes  of  the  provisions  of  this 
section,  the  status  of  a  married  woman  will 
be  governed  by  that  of  her  husband,  and  the 
status  of  children  under  18  years  of  age  by 
that  of  their  parents. 

Section  VII.— Political  Clauses  Relating  to  Cer- 
tain European  States. 
1.  Belgium. 
Article  83. 

Austria,  recognizing-  that  the  treaties  of 
April  19.  1839,  which  established  the  status  of 
Belgium  before  the  war,  no  longer  conform 
to  the  requirements  of  the  situation,  consents 
so  lar  a*  sho  is  concerned  to  the  abrogation 
of  the  said  treaties  and  undertakes  immediate- 
ly to  recognize  and  to  observe  whatever  con- 
ventions may  be  entered  into  by  the  principal 
allied  and  associated  powers,  or  by  any  of 
them,  in  concert  with  the  governments  of  Bel- 
gium and  of  the  Netherlands,  to  replace  the 
said  treaties  of  1839.  If  her  formal  adhesion 
should  be  required  to  such  conventions  or  to 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


633 


any   of   their   stipulations.   Austria  undertakes 
immediately  to  give  it. 

2.  Luxemburg. 

Article    84. 

Austria   agrees,   so   far  as   she  is  concerned1, 
to  the  termination  of  the  regime  of  neutrality 
of  the  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg-,  and  accepts 
in     advance     all     international     arrangements 
which  may  be  concluded  by  the  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers  relating  to  the  grand  duchy. 
S.  Schleswig. 
Article   85. 

Austria  hereby  accepts  so  far  as  she  is  con- 
cerned all  arrangements  made  by  the  allied 
and  associated  powers  with  Germany  concern- 
ing1 the  territories  whose  abandonment  was 
imposed  upon  Denmark  by  the  treaty  of  Oct. 
30.  1864. 

4.    Turkey  and   Bulgaria. 

Article  86. 

Austria  undertakes  to  recognize  and  accept 
as  far  as  she  is  concerned  all  arrangements 
which  the  allied  and  associated  powers  may 
make  with  Turkey  and  with  Bulgaria  with 
reference  to  any  rights,  interests  and  privileges 
whatever  which  might  be  claimed  by  Austria 
or  her  nationals  in  Turkey  or  Bulgaria  and 
which  are  not  dealt  with  in  the  provisions  of 
the  present  treaty. 

5.   Russia  and  Russian  States. 
Article  87. 

1.  Austria    acknowledges   and   agrees   to  re- 
spect   as   permanent   and  inalienable  the  inde- 
pendence of  all  the  territories  which  were  part 
of    the    former    Russian    empire    on    Aug.    1, 
1914. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  article 
2)10  of  pirt  IX.  (Financial  Clauses)  and  arti- 
cle 244  of  part  X.  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the 
present  treaty.  Austria  accepts  definitely  so  far 
as  she  is  concerned  the  abrogation  of  the 
Brest-Litovsk  treaties  and  of  all  treaties,  con- 
ventions and  agreements  entered  into  by  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  government  with  the 
maximalist  government  in  Russia. 

The  allied  and  associated  powers  formally 
reserve  the  rights  of  Russia  to  obtain  from 
Austria  restitution  and  reparation  based  on 
the  principles  of  the  present  treaty. 

2.  Austria  undertakes  to   recognize  the  full 
force  of  all  treaties  or  agreements  which  may 
be  entered   into  by  the   allied   and   associated 
powers    with    states    now    existing    or    coming 
into  existence  in  future  in  the  whole  or  part 
of  the  former  empire  of  Russia  as  it  existed 
on   Aug.   1.    1914.    and  to  recognize  the  fron- 
tiers of  any  such  states  as  determined  therein. 

Section  VIII.— General  Provisions' 
Article   88. 

The  independence  of  Austria  is  inalienable 
otherwise  than  with  tht?  C9nseut  of  the  coun- 
cil of  the  league  of  nations.  Consequently 
Austria  undertakes  in  the  absence  of  the  con- 
sent of  the  said  council  to  abstain  from  any 
act  which  might  directly  or  indirectly  or  by 
any  means  whatever  compromise  her  independ- 
ence, particularly,  and  until  her  admission  to 
membership  of  the  league  of  nations,  by  par- 
ticipation in  The  affairs  of  another  power. 
Article  89. 

Austria  hereby  recognizes  and  accepts  the 
frontiers  of  Bulgaria.  Greece,  Hungary.  Poland. 
Roumama,  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  and 
the  Czecho-Slovak  state  as  these  frontiers  may 
be  determined  by  the  principal  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers. 

Article  90. 

Austria  undertakes  to  recognize  the  full 
force  of  the  treaties  of  peace  and  additional 
conventions  which  have  been  or  may  be  con- 
cluded by  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
v.-ith  the  powers  v,ho  fought  on  the  side  of 
the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy,  and 
to  recognize  whatever  dispositions  have  been 
or  may  he  made  concerning  the  territories  of 
the  former  German  empire,  of  Hungary,  of 
the  kingdom  of  Bulgaria  and  of  the  Ottoman 


empire,  and  to  recognize  the  new  states  within 
their  frontiers  as  there  laid  down. 

Article  91. 

Austria  renounces  so  far  as  she  is  concei 
in  favor  of  the  principal  allied  and  associs  ____ 
powers  all  rights  and  title  over  the  territories 
which  previously  belonged  to  the  former  Aus- 
tro-Hungarian monarchy  and  which,  being  situ- 
ated outside  the  new  frontiers  of  Austria  as 
described  in  article  27  of  part  II.  (Frontiers  of 
Austria),  have  not  at  present  been  assigned 

Austria  undertakes  to  accept  the  settlement 
made  by  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
powers  in  regard  to  these  territories,  particu- 
larly in  sp  far  as  concerns  the  nationality  of 
the  inhabitants'. 

Article  92. 

No  inhabitant  of  the  territories  of  the  fpr- 
mer  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  shall  be  dis- 
turbed or  molested  on  account  either  of  his 
political  attitude  between  July  28.  1914.  and 
the  definitive  settlement  of  the  sovereignty 
over  these  territories,  or  of  the  determination 
ol  his  nationality  effected  by  the  present 


Article  98. 

Austria  will  hand  over  without  delay  to 
the  allied  and  associated  governments  con- 
cerned archives,  registers,  plans,  title  deed* 
and  documents  of  every  kind  belonging-  to 
the  civil,  military,  financial,  judicial  or  other 
forms  of  administration  in  the  ceded  terri- 
tories. If  any  one  of  these  documents,  ar- 
chives, registers,  title  deeds  or  plans  is  missing., 
it  shall  be  restored  by  Austria  upon  the  de- 
mand of  the  allied  or  associated  government 
concerned. 

In  case  the  archives,  registers,  plans.  title> 
deeds  or  documents  referred  to  in  the  preced- 
ing paragraph,  exclusive  of  those  of  a  mili- 
tary character,  concern  equally  the  administra- 
tions in  Austria,  and  cannot  therefore  b* 
handed  over  without  inconvenience  to  such 
administrations.  Austria  undertakes,  subject 
to  reciprocity,  to  give  access  thereto  to  the  al- 
lied and  associated  governments  concerned. 
Article  9-4. 

Separate  conventions  between  Austria  and 
each  of  the  states  to  which  territory  of  the 
former  Austrian  empire  is  transferred,  and 
each  of  the  states  arising  from  the  dismember- 
ment of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  mon- 
archy. will  provide  for  the  interests  of  the 
inhabitants,  especially  in  connection  with  their 
civil  rights,  their  commerce  and  the  exercise- 
of  their  professions. 

PART  IV. 

AUSTRIAN  INTERESTS   OUTSIDE  EUROPH. 
Article  95. 

In  territory  outside  her  frontiers  as  fixed. 
by  the  present  treaty  Austria  renounces  ao 
far  as  she  is  concerned  all  rights,  titles  and 
privileges  whatever  in  or  over  territory  out- 
side Europe,  which  belonged  to  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy,  or  to  its  allies, 
and  all  rights,  titles  and  privileges  whatever 
their  origin  which  it  held  as  against  the  al- 
lied and  associated  powers. 

Austria  undertakes  immediately  to  recognize 
and   to  conform   to    the   measures  which   may 
be  t^ken  now  or  in  the  future  by  the  principal 
allied    and    associated    powers,    in    agreement 
where  necessary   with    third   powers,   in   order 
to  carry  the  above  stipulation  into  effect. 
Section  I.—  Morocco. 
Article  96. 

Austria  renounces  so  far  as  she  is  concerned 
all  rights,  titles  and  privileges  conferred  on 
her  by  the  general  act  of  Algeciras  of  April 
7,  1906,  and  by  the  Franco-German  agree- 
ments of  Feb.  9.  1909.  and  Nov.  4.  1911.  All 
treaties,  agreemen 
tracts  concluded 

g-arian  monarchy  with  the  Shenfian  empire 
fro  regarded  as  abrogated  as  from  Auff.  12, 
1914. 

In  no  case  can  Austria  avail  herself  of  thefl* 
acts  and  she  undertakes  not  to  intervene  in 


nts,    arrangements    and    con- 

by   the    former    Austro-Hun- 

with    the    Shenfian    empire 


634 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


any  way  in  negotiations  relating-  to  Morocco 
which  may  take  place  between  France  and  the 
other  powers. 


Austria  hereby  accepts  all  the  consequences 
of  the  establishment  of  the  French  protecto- 
rate in  Morocco,  which  had  been  recognized 
by  the  government  of  the  former  Austro-Hun- 
garian monarchy,  and  she  renounces,  so  far  as 
Ihe  is  concerned,  the  regime  of  the  capitula- 
tions in  Morocco. 

This  renunciation  shall  take  effect  as  from 
Aus-.  12.  1914.  . 

The  Sherifian  g-overnment  shall  have  com- 
•Dlete  liberty  of  action  in  regulating-  the  status 
of  Austrian  nationals  in  Morocco  and  the  con- 
ditions in  which  they  can  establish  themselves 

^Austrian  protected  Persons,  semsars  and  "as- 
socies  asricoles"  shall  be  considered  to  have 
ceased,  as  from  Ausr.  12.  1914  to  erupy  the 
privileg-es  attached  to  their  status  and  shall 
be  subject  to  the  ordinary  law. 
Article  99. 

All  movable  and  immovable  property  in  the 
Sherifian  empire  belonging-  to  the  former  Aus- 
tro-Hungarian monarchy  passes  .ipso  facto  to 
the  Maghzen  without  compensation. 

For  this  purpose  the  property  and  posses- 
sions of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  mon- 
archy shall  be  deemed  to  include  all  the  Prop- 
erty of  the  crown,  and  the  private  .property  of 
members  of  the  former  royal  iamiily  of  Aus- 

movable  and  immovable  property  in  the 

Sherifian  empire  belonging-  to  Austrian  na- 
tionals shall  be  dealt  with  in  accordance  with 
sections  III.  and  IV.  of  part  X.  (Economic 
Clauses)  of  the  present  treaty. 

Mining-  rights  which  may  be  recognized  as 
belonging-  to  the  Austrian  nationals  by  the 
court  of  arbitration  set  up  under  the.  Moroc- 
can mining1  regulation 
eame  way  as  prooert 
to  Austrian  nationals. 


jjp  unc 

can'mininer^reBTulations  shall  be  treated  in  the 
Morocco   belonging1 


ion  over  Austrian  nationals  and  property  by 
/he  British  consular  tribunals. 
Article  105. 

The  Egyptian  g-overnment  shall  have  com- 
•lete  liberty  of  action  in  reg-ulating-  the  status 
of  Austrian  nationals  and  the  conditions  un- 
der which  they  may  establish  themselves  in 


Article  100. 
The  Austrian  government  shall  insure  the 
transfer  to  the  person  nominated  by  the  French 
gwernment  of  the  shares  representing  Aus- 
tria's portion  of  the  capital  of  the  State  Bank 
of  Morocco.  This  person  will  repay  to  tne 
persons  entitled  thereto  the  value  of  these 
shares,  which  shall  be  indicated  by  the  state 

This  transfer  will  take  Place  without  preiu 

<3ice   to    the   repayment    of  debts   which   Aus^ 

trian   nationals    may    have   contracted   toward 

the  State  Bank  of  Morocco. 

Article  101. 

Moroccan  goods  entering  Austria  shall  enjoy 
the  treatment  accorded  to  French 
Section  II.— Egypt. 
Article  102. 

Austria  declares  that  she  recognizes  the  pro 
tectorate  proclaimed  over  Egypt  by  Great  Brit 
ain  on  Dec  18.  1914.  and  that  she  renounces 
so  far  as  she  is  concerned  the  regime  of  the 
capitulations  in  Egvot. 

This  renunciation  shall  take  effect  as  from 
Aufir.  12.  1914. 

Article  10  S. 

All  treaties,  agreements,  arrangements  and 
contracts  concluded  by  the  government  .of  the 
former  Austro-Hung-arian  monarchy  with 
Egypt  are  regarded  as  abrogated  as  from  Aug. 
12  1Q14 

In  no  case  can  Austria  avail  herself  of  these 
instruments,  and  she  undertakes  not  to  inter- 
vene in  any  way  in  negotiations  relating  to 
Egypt  which  may  take  place  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  other  t>owers. 
Article  10k. 

Until  an  Eeryptian  law  of  Judicial  oraraniza- 
tion  establishing  courts  with  universal  juris- 
diction comes  into  force,  provision  shall  be 
made,  by  means  of  decrees  issued  by  his  high- 
ness the  sultan  for  the  exercise  of  jurisdic- 


Article  106. 
Austria  consents  so  far  as  eh'e  is  concerned 
.o  the  abrogation  of  the  decree  issued  by  his 
iwrhness  the  khedive  on  Nov.  28.  1904.  relat- 
ng1  to  the  commission  of  the  Eg-ypti'an  .Public 
debt,  or  to  such  changes  as  the  Egyptian  «rov- 
ernment  may  think  it  desirable  to  make 

Article  101. 

Austria  consents,  in  so  far  as  she  is  con* 
cerned.  to  the  transfer  to  his  Britannic  maj- 
esty's government  of  the  powers  conferred  on 
his  imperial  majesty  the  sultan  by  the  con- 
vention signed  at  Constantinoole  on  Oct.  29. 
1888.  relating-  to  the  free  navigation  of  the 
'  "•?  canal. 

She  renounces  all  participation  in  the  sani- 
tary, maritime  and  Quarantine  board  of  Egypt 
and  consents,  in  so  far  as  she  is  concerned, 
to  tho  transfer  to  the  Egyptian  authorities  of 
the  powers  of  that  board. 

Article  108. 

All  property  and  possessions  in  Egypt  of  tho 
former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  pass  to  the 
Egyptian  government  without  payment. 

For  this  purpose,  the  property  and  posses- 
sions of  the  former  Austro-Hungariin  mon- 
archy shall  be  deemed  to  include  all  the  prop- 
erty of  the  crown,  and  the  private  property 
of  members  of  the  former  royal  family  of 
Austria-Hungary. 

All  movable  and  immovable  property  In 
Egypt  belonging  to  Austrian  nationals  shall  be 
dealt  with  in  accordance  with  sections  III.  and 
IV.  of  part  X.  (Economic  Clauses)  ol  the 
present  treaty. 

Article  109. 

Egyptian  goods  entering  Austria  ehall  enjoy 
the  treatment  accorded  tQ  British  goods. 
Section    III.— Siam. 

Article  110. 

Austria  recognizes,  so  far  as  she  is  con- 
cerned, that  all  treaties,  conventions  and  agree- 
ments between  the  former  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy  and  Siam,  and  all  rights,  title  and 
privileges  derived  therefrom,  including  all 
rights  of  extraterritorial  jurisdiction,  termi- 
nated as  from  July  22.  1917. 
Article  111. 

Austria,    so    far   as   she   is   concerned,   cedes 
to    Siam    all    her   rights    over   the   goods   and 
property   in   Siam  which  belonged  to   the  for- 
mer   Austro-Hungarian    monarchy,      with      the 
exception    of    premises    used    as    diplomatic   or . 
consular  residences  or  offices  as  well  as  the  ef- 
fects and  furniture  which  they  contain.  These . 
goods  and  property  pass  ipso  facto  and  with-; 
out  compensation  to  the  Siamese  government.  -- 
The    goods,    property    and    private    rghts    of? 
Austrian  nationals  in  Siam  shall  be  dealt  with.' 
in   accordance  with   the  provisions  of  part  X.  t 
(Economic  Clauses)   of  the  present  treaty.         i 

Article   lit. 

Austria  waives  all  claims  against  thet 
Siamese  government  on  behalf  of  herself  or* 
her  nationals  arising  out  of  the  liauidation  of* 
Austrian  property  or  the  internment  of  Aus-l 
trian  nationals  in  Siam.  This  provision  shall" 
rot  affect  the  rights  of  the  parties  interested* 
in  the  proceeds  of  any  such  liquidation,  whicnj 
shall  be  governed  by  the  provisions  of  part; 
X.  (Economic  Clauses)  of  the  present  treaty.* 
Section  IV.— China. 
Article  113. 

Austria  renounces,  so  far  as  she  is  concerned, 
in  favor  of  China  -all  benefits  and  privileges 
resulting  from  the  provisions  of  the  final  pro- 
tocol signed  at  Peking-  on  .Sept.  7.  1901,  and 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


635 


from  all  annexes,  notes  and  documents  supple- 
mentary thereto.  She  likewise  renounces  in 
f&vpr  of  China  any  claim  to  indemnities  ac- 
cruing thereunder  subsequent  to  Aug.  14,  1917. 

Article  11^. 

[From  the  coming1  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  the  high,  contracting  parties  shall  ap- 
ply, in  so  far  as  concerns  them  respectively: 

(1)  The  arrangement   of  Aug.   29,   1902.   re- 
garding  the  new   Chinese  customs  tariff; 

(2)  The  arrangement  of   Sept.  27.   1905.  re- 
garding  Whang-Poo,    and   the  provisional   sup- 
plementary   arrangement    of    April    4.    1912. 

China,   however,    will  not  be  bound  to  grant 

to  Austria  the  advantages  or  privileges  which 

ehe    allowed    to    the    former   Austro-Hungferiau 

monarchy  under  these  arrangements. 

Article  115. 

Austria,  so  far  as  she  is  concerned,  cedes 
to  China  all  her  rights  over  the  buildings, 
•wharves  and  pontoons,  barracks,  forts,  arms 
and  munitions  of  war.  vessels  of  all  kinds, 
•wireless  telegraphy  installations  and  other 
public  property  which  belonged  to  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy,  and  which  are 
situated  or  may  be  in  the  Austro-Hungarian 
concession  at  Tientsin  or  elsewhere  in  Chinese 
territory. 

It  is  understood,  however,  that  premises  used 
as  diplomatic  or  consular  residences  or  offices. 
as  well  as  the  effects  and  furniture  contained 
therein,  are  not  included  in  the  above  cession, 
and.  furthermore,  that  no  steps  shall  be  taken 
by  the  Chinese  government  to  dispose  of  the 
public  and  private  property  belonging  to  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  situated 
within  the  so-called  legation  quarter  at  Pe- 
king without  the  consent  of  the  diplomatic 
representatives  of  the  powers  which,  on'  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty.  '  re- 
main parties  to  the  final  protocol  of  Sept.  7. 
1901. 

Article  116. 

Austria  agrees  so  far  as  she  is  concerned  to 
the  abrogation  of  the  leases  from  the  Chinese 
government  under  which  the  Austro-Hungarian 
concession  at  Tientsin  is  now  held. 

China,  restored  to  the  full  exercise  of  her 
sovereign  rights  in  the  above  area,  declares 
her  intention  of  opening  it  to  international 
residence  and  trade.  She  further  declares  that 
the  abrogation  of  the  leases  under  which  the 
said  concession  is  now  held  shall  not  affect 
the  property  rights  of  nationals  of  allied  and 
associated  powers  who  are  holders  of  lots  in 
this  concession. 

Article  117. 

Austria  waives  all  claims  against  the  Chinese 
government  or  against  any  allied  or  associated 
government  arising  out  of  the  internment  of 
Austrian  nationals  in  China  and  their  repatri- 
ation. She  equally  renounces,  so  far  as  she  is 
concerned,  all  claims  arising  out  of  the  cap- 
ture and  condemnation  of  Austro-Hungarian 
ships  in  China,  or  the  liquidation,  sequestra- 
tion or  control  of  Austrian  properties,  rights 
and  interests  in  that  country  since  Aug.  14. 
1917.  This  provision,  however,  shall  not  af- 
fect the  rights  of  the  parties  interested  in  the 
proceeds  of  any  such  liquidation,  which  shall 
be  governed  by  the  provisions  of  part  X.  (Eco- 
nomic Clauses)  of  the  present  treaty. 
PART  V. 

MILITARY.  NAVAL  AND  AIR  CLAUSES. 

In  order  to  render  possible  the  initiation  of 
a  general  limitation  of  the  armaments  of  all 
nations.  Austria  undertakes  strictly  to  observe 
the  military,  naval  and  air  clauses  which  fol- 
low. 

Section  I. 

Military    Clauses. 

Chapter  I. — General. 

Article  118. 

"Within  three  months  of  the  coming  into 
lorce  of  the  present  treaty,  the  military  forces 
of  Austria  shall  be  demobilized  to  the  extent 
prescribed  hereinafter. 


Article  119. 

Universal  compulsory  military  service  dhall 
be  abolished  in  Austria.  The  Austrian  army 
shall  in  future  only  be  constituted  and  recruit- 
ed by  means  of  voluntary  enlistment. 
Chapter  II.—  Effectives  and  Cadres  of  the 
Austrian  Army. 

Article  120. 

The  total  number  of  military  forces  in  the 
Austrian  army  shall  not  exceed  30.000  raen. 
including  officers  and  deppt  troops. 

Subject  to  the  following  limitations,  the 
formations  composing  the  Austrian  army  shal] 
be  fixed  in  accordance  with  the  wishes  of  Aus- 

(1)  The   effectives    of   units   must   be   fixed 
between    the  maximum   and   minimum   figures 
shown  in  table  IV.  annexed  to  this  section. 

(2)  The  proportion  of  officers,  including  the 
personnel   of    staffs  and   special  services,   shall 
not  exceed  one-twentieth  of  the  total  effectives 
with  the  colors,  and  that  of  noncommissioned 
officers   shall   not   exceed   one-fifteenth   of   the 
total  effectives  with  the  colors. 

(3)  The  number  of  machine  guns,  guns  and 
howitzers  shall  not  exceed  per  thousand  men 
of   the   total   effectives  with   the  colors  those 
fixed  in  table  V.  annexed  to  this  section. 

The  Austrian  army  shall  be  devoted  exclu- 
sively to  the  maintenance  of  order  within  the 
territory  of  Austria,  and  to  the  control  of  her 
frontiers. 

Article  121. 

The  maximum  strength  of  the  staffs  and  pi 


all  formations  which  Austria  may  be  permit- 
ted to  raise  are  given  in  the  tables  annexed 
to  this  section;  these  figures  need  not  be  ex- 


actly followed,  but  must  not  be  exceeded. 

All  other  organizations  for  the  command  ol 
troops  or  for  preparation  for  war  are  for- 
bidden. 

Article  122. 

All  measures  of  mobilization,  or  appertain- 
ing to  mobilization,  are  forbidden. 

In  no  case  must  formations,  administrative 
services  or  staffs  include  supplementary 
cadres. 

The  carrying  out  of  any  preparatory  meas- 
ures with  a  view  to  requisitioning  animals  01 
other  means  of  military  transport  is  forbid- 
den. 

Article  128.  , 

The  number  of  gendarmes,  customs  officers, 
foresters,  members  of  the  local  or  municipal 
police  or  other  like  officials  may  not  exceed 
the  number  of  men  employed  in  a  similar  ca- 
pacity in  1913  within  the  boundaries  of  Aus- 
tria as  fixed  by  the  present  treaty. 

The  number  of  these  officials  shall  not  be  in- 
creased in  the  future  except  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  maintain  the  same  proportion  between 
the  number  of  officials  and  the  total  popula- 
tion in  the  localities  or  municipalities  -which 
employ  them. 

These  officials,  as  well  as  officials  employed 
in  the  railway  service,  must  not  be  assem- 
bled for  the  purpose  of  taking  part  in  any 
military  exercises. 

Article  12k. 

Every  formation  of  troops  not  included  in 
the  tables  annexed  to  this  section  is  forbidden. 
Such  other  formations  as  may  exist  in  excess 
of  the  30.000  effectives  authorized  shall  be 
suppressed  within  the  period  laid  down  by 
article  118. 

Chapter  HI.—  Recruiting  and  Military  Training. 
Article  125. 

All  officers  must  be  regulars  (officierB  de  car- 
riere)  .  Officers  now  serving  who  are  retained 
in  the  army  must  undertake  the  obligation  to 
service  in  it  up  to  the  age  of  40  years  at 
least.  Officers  now  serving  who  do  not  join 
the  new  army  will  be  released  from  all  mili- 
tary obligations:  they  must  not  take  part  in 
any  military  exercises,  whether  theoretical  or 
practical. 


636 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Officers  newly  appointed  must  undertake  to 
serve  on  the  active  list  for  twenty  consecutive 
years  at  least. 

The  number  of  officers  discharged  for  any 
reason  before  the  expiration  of  their  term  of 
service  must  not  exceed  in  any  year  one- 
twentieth  of  the  total  of  officers  provided  for 
in  article  120.  If  this  proportion  is  unavoid- 
ably exceeded  the  resulting-  shortage  must  not 
be  made  good  by  fresh  appointments. 
Article  126. 

The  period  of  enlistment  for  noncommis- 
sioned officers  and  privates  must  be  for  a  total 
period  of  not  less  than  twelve  consecutive 
years,  including  at  least  six  years  with  the  col- 
ors. 

The  proportion  of  men  discharged  before  the 
expiration  of  the  period  of  their  enlistment 
for  reasons  of  health  or  as  a  result  of  dis- 
ciplinary measures  or  for  any  other  reasons 
must  not  in  any  year  exceed  one-twentieth  of 
the  total  strength  fixed  by  article  120.  If  this 
proportion  is  unavoidably  exceeded,  the  result- 
ing- shortage  must  not  be  made  good  by  fresh 
enlistments. 

Chapter    IV.— Schools,    Educational    Establish- 
ments, Military  Clubs  and  Societies. 
Article  127. 

The  number  of  -tudents  admitted  to  attend 
the  courses  in  military  schools  shall  be  strict- 
ly in  proportion  to  the  vacancies  to  be  filled  in 
the  cadres  of  officers.  The  students  and  the 
cadres  shall  be  included  in  the  effectives  fixed 
by  article  120  of  the  present  section. 

Consequently   all    military     schools     not     re- 
quired for  this  purpose  shall  be  abolished. 
Article  128. 

Educational  establishments,  other  than  those 
referred  to  in  article  127.  as  well  as  all  sport- 
ing1 and  other  clubs,  must  not  occupy  them- 
selves with  any  military  matters. 

Chapter  V.— Armament.  Munitions  and 

Material;    Fortifications. 

Article  129. 

On  the  expiration  of  three  months  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty  the 
armament  of  the  Austrian  army  shall  not  ex- 
ceed the  figures  fixed  per  thousand  men  in 
table  V.  annexed  to  this  section.  Any  excess 
in  relation  to  effectives  shall  only  be  used  for 
such  replacements  as  may  eventually  be  neces- 
sary. 

Article  ISO. 

The  stock  of  munitions  at  the  disposal  of 
the  Austrian  army  shall  not  exceed  the 
amounts  fixed  in  table  V.  annexed  to  this  sec- 
tion. 

Within  three  months  from  the  coming1  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty  the  Austrian  gov- 
ernment shall  deposit  any  existing  surplus  of 
armament  and  munitions  in  such  places  as 
shall  be  notified  to  it  by  the  principal  allied 
and  associated  powers. 

No  other  stock,  depot  or  reserve  of  muni- 
tions shall  be  formed 

Article  191. 

The  number  and  caliber  of  guns  constituting 
the  fixed  normal  armament  of  fortified  places 
existing  at  the  present  moment  in  Austria 
shall  be  immediately  notified  to  the  principal 
allied  and  associated  powers,  and  will  consti- 
tute maximum  amounts  whch  must  not  be 
exceeded. 

Within  three  months  of  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty  the  mnximum 
stock  of  ammunition  for  these  guns  shall  be 
reduced  to  and  maintained  at  the  following 
uniform  rates: 

One  thousand  five  hundred  rounds  per  gun 
for  those  the  caliber  of  which  is  105  mm. 
and  under; 

Five  hundred  rounds  per  gun  for  those  of 
higher  caliber. 

Article  132. 

Tha  manufacture  of  arms,  munitions  and  war 
material  shall  only  be  carried  on  in  one  sin- 


gle factory,  which  shall  be  controlled  by  and 
belong  to  the  state,  and  whose  output  shall 
be  strictly  limited  to  the  manufacture  of  such 
arms,  munitions  and  war  material  as  is  neces- 
sary for  the  military  forces  and  armaments 
referred  to  in  articles  120.  123.  129.  130  and 
131. 

The  manufacture  of  sporting  weapons  is  not 
forbidden,  provided  that  sporting  weapons 
manufactured  in  Austria  taking  ball  cartridge 
are  not  of  the  same  caliber  as  that  of  military 
weapons  used  in  any  European  army. 

Within  three  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty  all  other  estab- 
lishments for  the  manufacture,  preparation, 
storage  or  design  of  arms,  munitions  or  any 
other  war  material  shall  be  closed  down  or 
converted  to  purely  commercial  uses. 

Within  the  same  length  of  time,  all  arsenals 
shall  also  be  closed  down,  except  those  to  be 
used  as  depots  for  the  authorized  stocks  of 
munitions,  and  their  staffs  discharged. 

The  plant  of  any  establishments  or  arsenals 
in  excess  of  the  amount  required  for  the  man- 
ufacture authorized  shall  be  rendered  useless 
or  converted  to  purely  commercial  purposes  in 
accordance  with  the  decisions  of  the  military 
interallied  commission  of  control  referred  to  in 
article  153. 

Article  133. 

Within  three  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty,  all  arms,  muni- 
tions and  war  material,  including  any  kind  of 
antiaircraft  material,  of  whatever  origin,  ex- 
isting in  Austria  in  excess  of  the  Quantity 
authorized  shall  be  handed  over  to  the  princi- 
pal allied  and  associated  powers. 

Delivery  shall  take  place  at  such  points  in 
Austrian  territory  as  may  be  appointed  by  the 
said  powers,  who  shall  also  decide  on  tha 
disposal  of  such  material. 

Article  13*. 

The  importation  into  Austria  of  arms,  mu- 
nitions and  war  material  of  all  kinds  is  strict- 
ly forbidden. 

The  manufacture  for  foreign   countries   and 
the   exportation   of   arms,    munitions  and  war 
material  shall  also  be  forbidden. 
Article  135. 

The  use  of  flame  throwers,  asphyxiating, 
poisonous  or  other  gases,  and  all  similar 
liquids,  materials  or  devices  being  prohibited, 
their  manufacture  and  importation  are  strictly 
forbidden  in  Austria. 

Material  specially  intended  for  the  manufac- 
ture, storage  or  use  of  the  said  products  or 
devices  is  equally  forbidden. 

The  manufacture  and  importation  into  Aus- 
tria of  armored  cars,  tanks  or  any  similar 
machines  suitable  for  use  in  war  are  equally 
forbidden. 

Table    I.— Composition    and    Maximum    Effec- 
tives of  an  Infantry  Division. 

Maximum 

effectives 

of  each  unit. 

Units.                                                  Officers.  Men. 
Headquarters  of  an  infantry   divi- 
sion    25 

Headquarters  of  divisional  infantry  5 
Headquarters  of  divisional  artillery  4 
3  regiments  of  infantry*  (on  the 

basis  of  65  officers  and  2.000  men 

per  regiment)    195 

1  squadron  6 

1      battalion      of      trench      artillery 

(3   companies)     14 

1    battalion    of    pioneers t     (3    com- 
panies)        14        500 

Regiment    field    artillery  % 80    1.200 

1    battalion    cyclists    (comprising    3 

companies)    18       450 

1    signal  detachment§ 11        330 

Divisional   medical   corps 28       650 

Divisional  parks  and  trains 14        940 

Total  for  an  infantry  division.  .414  10,780 


6.000 
160 


500 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


637 


•Each  regiment  comprises  3  battalions  of 
Infantry.  Each  battalion  comprises  3  com- 
panies of  infantry  'and  1  machine  gun  com- 
pany. 

tEach   battalion    comprises    1    headquarters, 

2  pioneer    companies.    1    bridging1    section.    1 
searchlight   section. 

tEach    regiment    comprises    1    headquarters, 

3  groups   of   field  or  mountain  artillery,    com- 
prising 8  batteries:  each  battery  comprising  4 
grins   or  howitzers    (field   or   mountain). 

§This  detachment  comprises  telephone  de- 
tachment, 1  listening  section,  1  carrier  pigeon 
section. 

Table  //.— Composition  and  Maximum  Effec- 
tives for  a  Cavalry  Division. 

Maximum 

Maximum       effectives 
number  au-  of  each  unit. 

Units.  thorized.  Officers.  Men. 

Headquarters    of    a    cavalry 

division   1  15  50 

Hegiment  of  cavalry* 6          30        72O 

Group      of      field       artillery 

(three    batteries)     1  30         430 

Group     of     motor     machine 

guns  and  armored  carst...  «1  4  80 

Miscellaneous   services    30        600 

Total  for  a  cavalry  divi- 
sion           259     5.380 

•Each  regiment  comprises  four  squadrons. 

tEach  group  comprises  nine  fighting  cars, 
each  carrying  one  gun.  one  machine  gun  and 
cne  spare  machine  gun.  four  communication 
cars,  two  small  lorries  for  stores,  seven  lorries, 
including  one  repair  lorry,  four  motor  cars. 

Note — The  large  cavalry  units  may  include 
a  variable  number  of  regiments  and  be  di- 
vided into  independent  brigades  within  the 
limit  of  the  effectives  laid  down  above. 

Table  HI. — Composition   and   Maximum   Effec- 
tives for  a  Mixed  Brigade 

Maximum  effectives 

of  each  unit. 
Units.  Officers.    Men. 

?eadquarters   of   a  brigade   10  50 

wo  regiments  of  infantry* 130         4,000 

One  cyclist  battalion   18 

One  cavalry  squadron    5 

One  group   field  artillery    20  400 

One    trench    mortar    company. . .        5  150 

Miscellaneous  services  10 

Total    for   mixed   brigade....  198        5.350 

•Each    regiment    comprises    three    battalions 

of    infantry.      Each   battalion   comprises   three 

companies   of   infantry   and   one  machine  gun 

company. 

Table  IV.— Minimum  Effectives  of  Units  What 
ever  Organization  Is  Adopted  in  the  Army. 
(Divisions,  mixed  brigades,  etc.) 
Maximum 

effectives  Minimum 

(for  reference) .    effectives. 

Units.  Officers.     Men.  Officers.  Men. 

Infantry  division  414    10,780    300    8.000 

Cavalry   division    259  """ 

Mixed  brigade    198 

Regiment   of   infantry.  65 

Battalion    of    infantry.   16 

Company    of    infantry 
or   machine   guns.... 

Cyclist   group 18 

Regiment   of   cavalry.  •   30 

Squadron  of   cavalry..      >6 

Regiment    of   field   ar- 
tillery      80 

Battery    of    field   artil- 
lery         4 

Company      of      trench 
mortars    3 

Battalion  of  pioneers.    14 

Battery     of     mountain 
artillery    6 


Table    V. — Maximum    Authorized    Armaments 
and  Munition  Supplies.       Amount 
munitions 
per  arm 

.  Quantity     (rifles, 
for  1.000  guns. etc.! 
(Material.  men.       rounds. 

Rifles    or   carbines 1.500  500 

chine  guns,   heavy  or  light      15  10,000 

nch   mortars,   light 1       of  1,000 

Trench   mortars,    medium f      *\  500 

Guns    or   howitzers    (field   or 

mountain)    3  1.000 

(1)  Automatic  rifles  or  carbines  are  count- 
ed as  light  machine  guns. 

Note — No,  heavy  gun,  i.  e.,  of  a  caliber 
greater  than  105  mm.,  is  authorized,  with  the 
exception  of  the  normal  armament  of  forti- 
fied places. 

Section  II.— Naval  Clauses. 
Article  186. 

From  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  treaty  all  Austro-Hungarian  war- 
ships, submarines  included,  are  declared  to  be 
finally  surrendered  to  the  principal  allied  >antl 
associated  powers. 

All  the  monitors,  torpedo  boats  and  armed 
vessels  of  the  Danube  flotilla  will  be  surren- 
dered to  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
powers. 

Austria    will,    however,    have    the    right    to 
maintain    on   the   Danube   for  the  use    of   t 
river  police   three  patrol  boats  to  be  selec 
by  4he  commission   referred  to  in  article  1 
of    the  present   treaty. 

Article   1ST. 

The  Austro-Hungarian  auxiliary  cruisers  and 
fleet  auxiliaries  enumerated  below  will  be  dis- 
armed and  treated  as  merchant  ships: 


5.380     180    3.' 

i.-ge§  '$ 1-; 

650       12       500 


1.200 
150 

fog 

320 


2° 


60  1.000 

2  120 

2  100 
8  300 

3  200 


Bosnia, 

Gablqnz. 

Carolina. 

Africa. 

Tirol. 

Argentina. 

Lussin. 

Teodo. 

Pelikan. 

Herkules. 

Pola. 

Najade 

Pluto. 

President    Wilson 


Baron  Bruck. 
Nixe. 

§arante. 
Imat. 
rsia. 
ince   Hohenlohe. 
Gastem. 
Helouan. 

Graf  Wurmbrand. 
Ehzabet. 
Melcavich. 
Baron  Call. 


Cyclop. 
(ex- Vesta 

Kaiser  Franz  Josef) .  Nymphe. 
Trieste.  Buffet. 

Article  IS 8. 

All  warships,  including  submarines  now  un- 
der construction  in  Austrian  ports,  or  in  ports 
which  previously  belonged  to  the  Austro-Hun- 
garian monarchy,  shall  be  broken  up. 

The  work  of  breaking  up  these  vessels  will 
be  commenced    as   soon    as   possible    after   the 
coming   into    force    of    the    present   treaty. 
Article  139. 

Articles,  machinery  and  material  arising 
from  the  breaking  up  of  Austro-Hungarian 
warships  of  all  kinds,  whether  surface  vessels 
or  submarines,  may  not  be  used  except  for 
purely  industrial  or  commercial  purposes. 

They  may  not  be  sold  or  disposed  of  to  for- 
eign countries. 

Article  HO. 

The  construction  or  acquisition  of  any  sub- 
marine, even  for  commercial  purposes,  shall 
be  forbidden  in  Austria. 

Article    HI. 

All  arms,  ammunition  and  other  naval  war 
material,  including  mines  and  torpedoes,  which 
belonged  to  Austria-Hungary  at  the  date  of 
the  signature  of  the  armistice  of  Nov.  3.  1918. 
are  declared  to  be  finally  surrendered  to  the 
principal  allied  and  associated  powers. 
Article  1^2. 

Austria  is  held  responsible  for  the  delivery 
(articles  136  and  141).  the  disarmament 
(article  137).  the  demolition  (article  138). 


638 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


as  well  as  the  disposal    (article  137)    and  the 
use    (article    139)     of    the    objects    mentioned 
in  the  preceding-  articles  only  so  far  as  these 
remain  in  her  own  territory. 
Article  US. 
During  the  three  months  following1  the  com- 


ing: into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  the  Aus- 

high   power    wireless    telegraphy    statio 
at  Vienna  shall  not  be  used  for  the  transmis 


trian 


sion  of  messages  concerning  naval,  military  or 
political  questions  of  interest  to  Austria,  or 
any  state  which  has  been  allied  to  Austria- 
Hungary  in  the  war,  without  the  assent  ql 
the  principal  allied  and  associated  powers.  This 
station  may  be  used  for  commercial  purposes, 
but  only  under  the  supervision  of  the  said 
powers,  who  will  decide  the  wave  length  to 
be  used. 

During    the   same   period   Austria    shall   not 

build  any  more  high  power  wireless  telegraphy 

stations  in  her  own  territory  or  that  of  Hun- 

gary,   Germany.    Bulgaria    or  Turkey. 

Section   III.—  Air   Clauses. 

Article  144.  i 

The   armed   forces   of   Austria  must  not  in- 
clude  any   military    or   naval  air   forces. 
No  dirigible  shall  be  kept. 

Article  145. 

Within  two  months  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty,  the  personnel  of 
the  air  forces  on  the  rolls  of  the  Austrian 
lautl  and  sea  forces  shall  be  demobilized. 

Article  146. 

Until  the  complete  evacuation  of  Austrian 
territory  by  the  allied  and  associated  troops 
the  aircraft  -of  the  allied  and  associated  pow- 
ers shall  enjoy  in  Austria  freedom  of  passage 
through  the  air.  freedom  of  transit  and  of 
landing. 

Article  147. 

During  the  six  months  following  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  the  manufac- 
ture, importation  and  exportation  of  aircraft. 
parts  of  aircraft,  engines  for  aircrait.  and 
parts  of  ermines  for  aircraft  shall  be  forbidden 
in  all  Austrian  territory. 

Article  148. 

On  the  cominsr  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty,  all  military  and  naval  aeronautical  ma- 
terial must  be  delivered  by  Austria  and  at  her 
expense  to  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
Dowers. 

Delivery  must  be  effected  at  such  places  as 
the  governments  of  the  said  powers  may  se- 
lect. and  must  be  completed  within  three 

In  particular,  this  material  will  include  all 
items  under  the  following  heads  which  are  or 
have  been  in  use  or  were  desiened  for  warlike 
purposes  : 

Complete  airplanes  and  seaplanes,  as  well 
as  those  being  manufactured,  repaired  or  as- 
sembled. 

Dirigibles  able  to  take  the  air.  beiner  manu- 
factured. repaired  or  assembled. 

Plant  for  the  manufacture   of  hydroeren. 

Dirigible  sheds  and  shelters  of  every  kind 
for  aircraft. 

Pending  their  delivery,  dirigibles  will,  at  the 
expense  of  Austria,  be  maintained  inflated 
with  hydroeren:  the  plant  for  the  manufacture 
of  hydrogen,  as  well  as  the  sheds  for  dirigi- 
bles. may.  at  the  discretion  of  the  said  powers, 
be  left  to  Austria  until  the  time  when  the 
dirigibles  are  handed  over. 

Enerines  for  aJrcraft. 

Nacelles  and  fuselages. 

Armament  (eruns  machine  (runs,  lisrht  ma- 
chine guns,  bomb  dropping  apparatus,  torpedo 
apparatus,  synchronization  apparatus,  aiming 
apparatus)  . 

Munitions  (cartridges,  shells,  bombs  loaded 
or  unloaded,  stocks  of  explosives  or  of  mate- 
rial for  their  manufacture)  . 

Instruments  for  use  on  aircraft. 

Wireless  apparatus  and  photographic  or  cine- 
matoarraoh  apparatus  for  use  on  aircraft. 


Component  parts  of  any  of  the  items  under 
the  preceding  heads. 

The  material  referred  to  above  shall  not  be 
removed  without  special  permission  from  the 
gaid  erovermnents. 

Section    IV. — Interallied    Commissions    of 

Control. 
Article  149. 

All  the  military,  naval  and  air  clauses  con- 
tained in  the  present  treaty  for  the  execution 
of  which  a  time  limit  is  prescribed  shall  be 
executed  by  Austria  under  the  control  of  inter- 
allied commissions  specially  appointed  for  this 
purpose  by  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
Dowers. 

The  above  mentioned  commissions  will  repre- 
sent the  governments  of  the  principal  allied 
and  associated  powers  in  dealing:  with  the  Aus- 
trian government  in  all  matters  concerning-  the 
execution  of  the  military,  naval  and  air 
clauses.  They  will  communicate  to  the  Aus- 
trian authorities  the  decisions  which  the  prin- 
cipal allied  and  associated  powers  have  re- 
served the  right  to  take  or  which  the  execu- 
tion of  the  said  clauses  may  necessitate. 

Article  150. 

The  interallied  commissions  of  control  may 
establish  their  organizations  at  Vienna  and 
shall  be  entitled,  as  often  as  they  think  de- 
sirable, to  proceed  to  any  point  whatever  in 
Austrian  territory,  or  to  send  a  subcommis- 
sion.  or  to  authorize  one  or  more  at  their 
members  to  go.  to  any  such  point. 

Article  151. 

The  Austrian  government  must  furnish  to  the 
interallied  commissions  of  control  all  such  in- 
formation and  documents  as  the  latter  may 
deem  necessary  to  insure  the  execution  of 
their  mission,  and  all  means  (both  in  person- 
nel and  in  material)  which  "the  above  men- 
tioned commissions  may  need  to  insure  the 
complete  excution  of  the  military,  naval  or  air 
cla-uses. 

The  Austrian  government  must  attach  a 
qualified  representative  to  each  interallied 
commission  of  control  with  the  duty  of  receiv- 
ing from  the  latter  any  communication  which 
it  may  have  to  address  to  the  Austrian  gov- 
ernment, and  furnishine  it  with,  or  procur- 
ing, all  information  or  documents  demanded. 

Article  152. 

The  upkeep  and  cost  of  the  commissions  of 
control    and   the    expense     involved     by     their 
work  shall  be  borne  by  Austria. 
Article  15  S. 

It  will  be  the  special  duty  of  the  military 
interallied  commission  of  control  to  receive 
from  the  Austrian  government  the  notifications 
relating  to  the  location  of  the  stocks  and 
depots  of  munitions,  the  armament  of  the 
fortified  works,  fortresses  and  forts,  and  the 
location  of  the  works  or  factories  for  the  pro- 
duction of  arms,  munitions  and  war  material 
and  their  operations. 

It  will  take  delivery  of  the  arms,  munitions, 
war  material  and  plant  intended  for  war  con- 
struction, will  select  the  points  where  such 
delivery  is  to  be  effected,  and  will  supervise 
the  works  of  destruction,  and  rendering  things 
useless,  or  of  transformation  of  material, 
which  are  to  be  carried  out  in  accordance  with 
the  present  treaty. 

Article  154. 

It  will  be  the  special  duty  of  the  naval 
interallied  commission  of  control  to  proceed 
to  the  building  yards  and  to  supervise  the 
breaking  up  of  the  ships  which  are  under  con- 
struction there,  to  take  delivery  of  arms,  mu- 
nitions and  naval  war  material,  and  to  super- 
vise the  destruction  and-  breaking  up  provided 
for. 

The  Austrian  government  must  furnish  to 
the  naval  interallied  commission  of  control  all 
such  information  and  documents  as  the  com- 
mission may  deem  necessary  to  insure  the  com- 


ALMANAC   AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


639 


Dlete  execution  of  the  naval  clauses  in  par- 
tioular  the  designs  of  the  warships,  the  com- 
position of  their  armaments,  the  details  and 


or 'administrative  documents   or  regulations. 

Article  155. 

it  will  bp  the  special  duty  of  the  aeronau- 
ticJl  mteraflied  commission  of  control. to  make 
In  invpntorv  of  the  aeronautical  matenal  which 
fs  actual^  in  the6  possession  of  the  Austrian 
LnvpVnment  to  inspect  airplane,  balloon  and 
SStor Manufactories,  and  factories  producing 
SSS,  munitions  and  explosives  Capable  of  be- 
ing used  by  aircraft,  to  visit  all  aerodromes. 
££  PI*  «  landing  grounds,  parks  and  depots 
which  are  now  in  Austrian  territory  and  to 
iuthoriie  where  necessary  a  removal  of .  ma- 
terial and  to  take  delivery  of  such  material. 

The  Austrian  government  must  furnish  to 
the  aeronautical  interallied  commission  of  con- 
trol all  such  information  and  legislative,  ad- 
ministrative or  other  documents  which  the 
commission  may  consider  necessary  to  insure 
the  complete  execution  of  the  air  clauses  and, 
in  particular,  a  list  of  the  personnel  belong- 
ing to  all  the  air  services  of  Austria  and  of  the 
existing  material,  as  well  as  of  that  '?  process 
of  manufacture  or  on  order,  and  a  list  of  all 
establishments  working  for  aviation,  of  their 
positions,  and  of  all  sheds  and  landing  grounds 
Section  F.— General  Articles. 
Article  156. 

After  the  expiration  .of  a  period  of  three 
months  from  the  coming  into  force  of  tl 
Sre"ent  treaty,  the  Austrian  laws  must  have 
been modified* and  shall  be  maintained  by  the 
Austrian  government  in  conformity  with  thi 
part  of  the  present  treaty.'  .  .  _0*i__ 

Within  the  same  period  all  the  administrative 
or  other  measures  relating  to  the  execution  o 
this  part  must  have  been  taken  by  the  Aus 
trian  government .^.^  ^ 

^e   following  P0artionss0|  ^he  f$>*^g 


ART 


VL-PRiSONER 


OF      WAR      AND 
AVES. 
Section  I. — Prisoners  of  War. 

Article    160. 

The  repatriation  of  Austrian  prisoners  of  war 
nd  interned  civilians  shall  take  place  as  soon 
s  possible  after  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
resent  treaty,  and  shall  be  carried  out  with 
he  greatest  rapidity. 

Article  161. 

The    repatriation    of    Austrian    prisoners    of 
rar  and  interned  civilians  shall,  in  accordance 
»rith   article    160.   be   carried   out   by    a   com- 
mission composed  of  representatives  of  the  al- 
ied    and    associated   powers    on    the    one    part 
ind  of  the  Austrian  government  on  the  other 
art. 

For  each  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
i  subcommission  composed  exclusively  of  rep- 
resentatives of  the  interested  power  and  of 
[elega.tes  of  the  Austrian  government  shall 
regulate  the  details  of  carrying  into  effect  the 
repatriation  of  prisoners  of  war. 

Article   162. 

From  the  time  of  their  delivery  into  the 
lands  of  the  Austrian  authorities  the  prisoners 
)f  war  and  interned  civilians  are  to  be  re- 
urned  without  delay  to  their  homes  by  the 
;aid  authorities. 

Those  among  them  who,  before  the  war, 
*  are  habitually  resident  in  territory  occupied 
•>y  the  troops  of  the  allied  and  associated  pow- 
ers are  likewise  to  be  sent  to  their  homes, 
subject  to  the  consent  and  control  of  the  mili- 
tary authorities  of  the  allied  and  associated 
armies  of  occupation. 

Article  16  S. 
whole    cost    of    repatriation    from    the 


The 


Article  158. 

Austria  undertakes,  from  the  coming  int 
force  of  the  present  treaty,  not  to  accredi 
nor  to  send  to  any  foreign  country  any  mill 
tary  naval  or  air  mission,  nor  to  allow  an" 
such  mission  to  leave  her  territory;  Austn 
further  agrees  to  take  the  necessary  measure 
to  prevent  Austrian  nationals  from  leavin 
her  territory  to  enlist  in  the  army,  navy  c 
air  service  of  any  foreign  power,  or  to  be  at 
tached  to  such  army,  navy  or  air  service  lo 
the  purpose  of  assisting  in  the  military  nava 
or  air  training:  thereof,  or  generally  for  th 
purpose  of  giving  military,  naval  or  air  In- 
struction in  any  foreign  country. 

The  allied  and  associated  powers  undertake, 
so  far  as  they  are  concerned,  that  from  the 
coming1  into  force  of  the  present  treaty  they 
will  not  enroll  in  nor  attach  to  their  armies 
or  naval  or  air  forces  any  Austrian  national 
lor  the  purpose  of  assisting  in  the  military 
training  of  such  armies  or  naval  or  air  forces, 
or  otherwise  employ  any  such  Austrian  na- 
tional as  military,  naval  or  aeronautic  instruc- 

Tho  present  provision  does  not.  however, 
affect  the  right  of  France  to  recruit  for  the 
foreign  legion  in  a<x?o,rdanoe  with  French  mili- 
tary laws  and  regulations. 

Article   159. 

So  long:  as  the  present  treaty  remains  In 
force  Austria  undertakes  to  submit  to  any  in- 
vestigation which  the  council  of  the  league  of 
nations,  acting  if  need  be  by  a  majority  vote, 
may  consider  necesstT 


regulations, 
d  discipline. 


moment  of  starting  shall  be  borne  by  the  Aus- 
trian government,  who  shall  also  provide  means 
of  transport  and  working  personnel  as  consid- 
.red  necessary  by  the  commission  referred  to 
in  article  161. 

Article  164. 

Prisoners,  of  war  and  interned  civilians 
awaiting  disposal  or  undergoing  sentence  for 
offenses  against  discipline  shall  be  repatriated 
irrespective  of  the  completion  of  their  sentence 
or  of  the  proceedings  pending  against  them. 

This  stipulation  shall  not  apply  to  prisoners 
of  war  and  interned  civilians  punished  for  of- 
fenses committed  subsequent  to  June  1.  1919. 
During  the  period  pending  their  repatriation 
all  prisoners  of  war  and  interned  civilians  shall 
remain  subject  to  the  existing  _ 
more  especially  as  regards  work  and 

Article  165. 

Prisoners  of  war  and  interned  civilians  who 
are  awaiting  trial  or  undergoing  sentence  for 
offenses  other  than  those  against  discipline 
may  be  detained. 

Article  166. 

The  Austrian  government  undertakes  to  ad- 
mit to  its  territory  without  distinction  all  per- 
sons liable  to  repatriation. 

Prisoners  of  war  or  Austrian  nationals  who 
do  not  desire  to  be  repatriated  may  be  ex- 
cluded from  repatriation:  but  the  allied  and 
associated  governments  reserve  to  themselves 
the  right  either  to  repatriate  them  or  to  take 
them  to  a  neutral  country  or  to  allow  them 
to  reside  in  their  own  territories. 

The  Austrian  government  undertakes  not  to 
institute  any  exceptional  proceedings  against 
these  "persons  or  their  families,  nor  to  take 
any  repressive  or  vexatious  measures  of  any 
kind  whatsoever  against  them  on  this  account. 

Article  167. 

The  allied  and  associated  governments  re- 
serve the  right  to  make  the  repatriation  of 
Austrian  prisoners  of  war  or  Austrian  nationals 
in  their  hands  conditional  upon  the  immediate 
notification  and  release  by  the  Austrian  gov- 
ernment of  any  prisoners  of  war  and  other 
nationals  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
who  are  still  held  in  Austria  against  their  will. 


640 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Article  168.  . 
The  Austrian  government  undertakes: 

1.  To  give  every  facility   to  commissions  to 
inquire  into  the  cases  of  those  who  cannot  be 
traced:  to  furnish  such  commissions  with  all 
necessary  means  of   transport:   to  allow   them 
access    to    camps,    prisons,    hospitals    and    all 
other  places,  and  to  place  at  their  disposal  all 
documents,    whether  public   or  private,   which 
would  facilitate  their  inquiries. 

2.  To   impose   penalties    upon   any  Austrian 
officials  or  private  persons  who  have  concealed 
the  presence   of   any  nationals  of  any  of  the 
allied  or  associated  powers,  or  who  have  neg- 
lected  to  reveal  the  presence  of  any  such  after 
it  had  come  to  their  knowledge. 

Article  169. 

The  Austrian  government  undertakes  to  re- 
etore  without  delay  from  the  date  of  the  com- 
ing- into  force  of  the  present  treaty  all  arti- 
cles, money,  securities  and  documents  which 
have  belonged  to  nationals  of  the  allied  and 
associated  powers  and  which  .have  been  re- 
tained by  the  Austrian  authorities. 
Article  1^0. 

The  high  contracting-  parties  waive  recipro- 
cally all  repayment  of  sums  due  for  the  main- 
tenance of  prisoners  of  war  in  their  respective 
territories.  IL-Graves. 

Article  171. 

The  allied  and  associated  governments  and 
the  Austrian  government  will  cause  to  be  re- 
epected  and  maintained  the  graves  of  the  sol- 
diers and  sailors  buried  in  their  respective  ter- 
ritories. 

They  agree  to  recognize  any  commission  ap- 
pointed by  the  several  governments  for  the 
purpose  of  identifying,  registering,  caring-  fpr 
or  erecting-  suitable  memorials  over  the  said 
graves,  and  to  facilitate  the  disch 


graves,   and 
duties.. 


large  of  its 


_  urthermore  they  agree  to  afford,  so  far  as 
the  provisions  of  their  laws  and  the  require- 
ments of  public  health  allow,  every  facility 
for  giving  effect  to  requests  that  the  bodies 
of  their  soldiers  and  sailors  may  be  transferred 
to  their  own  country 

Article  172. 

The  graves  of  prisoners  of  war  and  interned 
civilians  who  are  nationals  of  the  different 
belligerent  states  and  have  died  in  captivity 
shall  be  properly  maintained  in  accordance 
with  article  171  of  this  part  of  the  present 

The 'allied  and  associated  powers  on  the  one 
part  and  the  Austrian  government  on  the 
other  part  reciprocally  undertake  also  to  fur- 
nish to  each  other: 

(1)  A  complete  list  of  those  who  have  died, 
together  with  all  information  useful  for  iden- 
tification : 

(2)  All  information  as  to  the  number  and 
positions  of  the  graves  of  all  those  who  have 
teen  buried  without  identification. 

Part   VII.— Penalties. 
Article  178. 

The  Austrian  government  recognizes  the 
right  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  to 
bring  before  military  tribunals  persons  ac- 
cused of  having  committed  acts  in  violation 
of  the  laws  and  customs  of  war.  Such  persons 
shall,  if  found  guilty,  be  sentenced  to  punish- 
ments laid  down  by  law.  This  provision  will 
apply  notwithstanding  any  proceedings  or  prose- 
cutions before  a  tribunal  in  Austria  or  in  the 
territory  of  her  allies. 

The  Austrian  government  shall  hand  over  to 
the  allied  and  associated  powers,  or  to  such 
one  of  them  as  shall  so  request,  all  persons 
accused  of  having  committed  an  act  in  viola- 
tion of  the  laws  and  customs  of  war,  who  are 
specified  either  by  name  or  by  the  rank,  office 
or  employment  which  they  held  under  the  Aus- 
trian authorities. 

Article  174. 

Persons  guilty  of  criminal  acts  ag-ainst  the 
nationals  of  one  of  the  allied  and  associated 


powers   will   be   brought   before   the   military 
tribunals  of  that  power. 

Persons  guilty  of  criminal  acts  against  the 
nationals  of  more  than  one  of  the  allied  and 

fssociated  powers  will  be  brought  before  mili- 
ary    tribunals   composed   of   members    of    tho 
military  tribunals  of  the  powers  concerned. 

In  every  case  the  accused  will  be  entitled  to 
name  his  own  counsel. 

Article  175. 

The  Austrian  government  undertakes  to  lur- 
nish  all  documents  and  information  of  every 
kind,  the  production  of  which  may  be  con- 
sidered necessary  to  insure  the  full  knowledge 
of  the  incriminating  acts,  the  discovery  of  of- 
fenders and  the  just  appreciation  of  responsi- 
bility. 

Article  176. 

The  provisions  of  articles  173  to  175  apply 
similarly  to  the  governments  of  the  states  to 
which  territory  belonging  to  the  former  Aus- 
tro-Hungarian  monarchy  has  been  assigned,  in 
so  far  as  concerns  persons  accused  of  having 
committed  acts  contrary  to  the  laws  and  cus- 
toms of  war  who  are  in  the  territory  or  at 
the  disposal  of  the  said  states. 

If  the  persons  in  question  have  acquired  the 
nationality  of  one  of  the  said  states  the  gov- 
ernment of  such  state  undertakes  to  take,  at 
the  request  of  the  power  concerned  and  in 
agreement  with  it.  all  the  measures  necessary 
to  insure  the  prosecution  and  punishment  ot 
such  persons. 


The  allied  and  associated  governments  affirm 
and  Austria  accepts  the  responsibility  of  Aus- 
tria and  her  allies  for  causing  the.  loss  and 
damage  to  which  the  allied  and  associated  gov- 
ernments and  -heir  nationals  have  been  sub- 
jected as  a  consequence  of  the  war  imposed 
upon  them  by  the  aggression  of  Austria- 
Hungary  and  her  allies. 

Article  178. 

The  .allied  and  associated  governments  recog1- 
nize  that  the  resources  of  Austria  are  not 
adequate,  after  taking  into  account  the  per- 
manent diminutions  of  such  resources  which 
will  -esult  from  other  provisions  of  the  pres- 
ent treaty,  to  nake  complete  reparation  for 
such  loss  and  damage. 

The  allied  and  associated  governments,  how- 
ever, require,  and  Austria  undertakes,  that  she 
will  make  compensation  as  hereinafter  deter- 
mined for  damage  done  to  the  civilian  popu- 
lation of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  and 
to  their  property  during  the  period  of  the  bel- 
ligerency of  each  as  an  allied  and  associated 
power  against  Austria  by  the  said  aggression 
by  land,  by  sea  and  from  the  air.  and  in  gen- 
eral damages  defined  in  annex  I.  hereto. 
Article  179. 

The  amount  of  such  damage  for  which  com- 
pensation is  to  be  made  by  Austria  shall  be 
determined  by  an  interallied  commission  to  be 
called  the  reparation  commission  and  consti- 
tuted in  the  form  and  with  the  powers  set 
forth  hereunder  and  in  annexes  Nps.  II.- V.  in- 
clusive hereto.  The  commission  is  the  same 
as  that  provided  for  under  article  233  of  the 
treaty  with  Germany,  subject  to  any  modifici- 
tions  resulting  from  the  present  treaty.  The 
commission  shall  constitute  a  section  to  con- 
sider the  special  questions  raised  by  the  ap- 
plication of  the  present  treaty:  this  section 
shall  have  consultative  power  only,  except  in 
cases  in  which  the  commission  shall  delegate 
to  it  such  powers  as  may  be  deemed  convea- 

The  reparation  commission  shall  consider 
the  claims  and  give  to  the  Austrian  govern- 
ment a  Just  opportunity  to  be  heard. 

The  commission  shall  concurrently  draw  up 
a  schedule  of  payments  prescribing  the  time 
and  manner  for  securing  and  discharging  by 
Austria,  within  thirty  years  dating  from  May 
1.  1921.  that  part  of  the  debt  which  shall 
have  been  assigned  to  her  after  the  commis- 
sion has  decided  whether  Germany  is  in  a  po- 
sition to  pay  the  balance  of  the  total  amount 
of  claims  presented  against  Germany  and  her 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


641 


allies  and  approved  by  the  commission.  If. 
nowever.  within  the  period  mentioned  Austria 
fails  to  discharge  her  obligations  any  balance 
remaining-  unpaid  may  within  the  discretion  of 
the  commission,  be  postponed  lor  settlement 
in  subseauent  years  or  may  be  handled  other- 
wise in  such  manner  as  the  -allied  and  associ- 
ated governments  acting1  in  accordance  with 
the  procedure  laid  down  in  this  part  of  the 
present  treaty  shall  determine. 
Article  180. 

The  reparation  commission  shall,  after  May 
1.  1921.  from  time  to  time  consider  the  re- 
sources and  capacity  of  Austria,  and.  after 
giving  her  representatives  a  just  opportunity 
to  be  heard,  shall  have  discretion  to  extend  the 
date  and  to  modify  the  form  of  payments  such 
as  are  to  be  provided  for  in  accordance  with 
article  179,  but  not  to  cancel  any  part  except 
with  the  specific  authority  of  the  several  gov- 
ernments represented  on  the  commission. 
Article  181. 

Austria  shall  pay  in  the  course  of  the  years 
1919,  1920  and  the  first  four  months  of  1921. 
in  auch  installments  and  in  such  manner 
(whether  in  gold,  commodities,  ships,  secur- 
ities or  otherwise)  as  the  reparation  commis- 
sion may  lay  down,  a  reasonable  sum  which 
shall  be  determined  by  the  commission. 

Out  of  this  sum  the  expenses  of  the  armies 
of  occupation  subsequent  to  the  armistice  of 
Nov.  3.  1918.  shall  first  be  met,  and  such 
supplies  of  food  and  raw  materials  as  may  be 
judged  by  the  government  3  of  the  principal 
allied  and  associated  powers  essential  to  en- 
able Austria  to  meet  her  obligations  for  rep- 
aration may  also,  with  the  approval  of  the 
said  governments,  be  paid  for  out  of  the  above 
sum.  The  balance  shall  be  reckoned  toward 
the  liquidation  of  the  amount  due  for  repara- 
tion. 

Annex  I. 

Compensation  may  be  claimed  from  Austria 
in  accordance  with  article  178  above  in  re- 
spect of  the  total  damage  under  the  following1 
categories: 

1.  Damage    to    injured    persons    and    to    sur- 
viving-   dependents    by    personal    injury    to    or 
death   of  civilians  caused  by  acts  of  war.  in- 
cluding bombardment  or  other  attacks  on  land, 
on  sea  or  from  the  air,  and  of  the  direct  con- 
sequences   thereof    and    of    all    operations    of 
•war  by   the  two  groups   or  belligerents  wher- 
ever   arising; 

2.  Damage   caused   by    Austria    or  her   allies 
to  civilian  victims  of  acts  of  cruelty,  violence 
or  maltreatment    (including  injuries   to  life   or 
health   as  a  consequence  of  imprisonment,   de- 
portation,  internment   or  evacuation,    or  expo- 
sure at  sea.  or  of  being  forced  to  labor)  wher- 
ever arising,    and  to   the  surviving  dependents 
of   such  victims; 

3.  Damage   caused    by  Austria   or  her  allies 
in   their   own    territory    or   in   occupied    or  in- 
vaded  territory   to  civilian  victims  of   all   acts 
injurious  to   health  or  capacity  to  work  or  to 
honor,   as  well  as  to  the  surviving  dependents 
of   such   victims ; 

4.  Damage  caused  by  any  kind  of  maltreat- 
ment  of  prisoners   of  war. 

5.  As  damage  caused  to  the  peoples  of  the 
allied    and    associated   powers,    all   pensions    or 
compensations  in  the  way  of  pensions  to  naval 
and   military   victims    of   war,   including   mem- 
bers   of    the     air     force,     whether     mutilated, 
wounded,  sick  or  invalided,  and  to  the  depend- 
ents  of   such   victims,   the   amount  due  to   the 
allied  and  associated  governments  being  calcu- 
lated   for   each    individual    as   being    the    capi- 
talized   cost    of    such   pensions   and   compensa- 
tions at   the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present   treaty  on   the  basis   of   the  scales 
in  force  in  France  on  May  1,  1919. 

6.  The  cost  of  assistance  by  the  governments 
of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  to  prison- 
ers of  war.  to  their  families  and  dependents. 

7.  Allowances    by    the    governments    of    the 
allied    and    associated   powers   to    the   families 
and  dependents   of   mobilized  persons  or  per- 


sons serving1  with  the  forces,  the  amount  due 
to  them  for  each  calendar  year  in  which  hos- 
tilities occurred  being  calculated  lor  each 
government  on  the  basis  of  the  average  eca-le 
for  such  payments  in  force  in  France  during 
that  year. 

8.  Damage     caused     to    civilians    by    being 
forced  by  Austria  or  her  allies  to  labor  with- 
out just  remuneration. 

9.  Damage  in  respect  of  all  property,  wher- 
ever   situated    belonging    to    any    of    the    al- 
lied or  associated  states  or  their  nationals,  with 
the   exception    of    naval   or   military    works   or 
materials,    which  has  been  carried   off,    seized, 
injured  or  destroyed  by  the  acts  of  Austria  or 
her    allies    on   land     on    sea,    or  from   the    air. 
or  damage  directly  in  consequence  of  hostilities 
or  of   any   operations  of  war. 

10.  Damage  in  the  form  of  levies,  fines  and 
other  similar  exactions  imposed  by  Austria  or 
her  allies  upon  the  civilian  population. 

Annex  II. 

1.  The  commission  referred  to  in  article  179 
shall    be    called    the    "reparation    commission" 
and  is  hereafter  referred  to  as  the   "commia- 
sion." 

2.  The  delegates  to  this  commission  shall  be 
appointed    by    the    United    States    of    America. 
Great    Britain.    France.    Italy.    Japan.    Belgium, 
Greece,     Poland.     Roumama.     the     Serb-Croat- 

tlovene  state  and  Czecho-Slovakia.  The  United 
tates  of  America.  Great  Britain.  France, 
Italy.  Japan  and  Belgium  shall  each  appoint  a 
delegate.  The  other  five  powers  shall  appoint 
a  delegate  to  represent  them  all  under  the 
conditions  indicated  in  the  third  sub-para- 
graph of  paragraph  3  hereafter.  At  the  ti 

when   each    delegate   is    appointed   there    sL 

also  be  appointed  an  assistant  delegate,  who 
will  take  his  place  in  case  of  illness  or  nec- 
essary absence,  but  at  other  times  will  only 
have  the  right  to  be  present  at  the  proceed- 
ings without  taking  any  part  therein. 

On  no  occasion  shall  delegates  of  more  than 
five  of  the  above  powers  have  the  right  to 
take  part  in  the  proceedings  of  the  commis- 
sion and  to  record  their  votes.  The  delegates 
of  the  United  States.  Great  Britain.  France  and 
Italy  shall  have  this  right  on  all  occasions 
other  than  those  referred  to  below.  The  dele- 
gate of  Belgium  shall  have  this  right  on  all  oc- 
casions other  than  those  referred  to  below.  The 
delegate  of  Japan  will  have  this  right  when 
questions  relating  to  damage  at  sea  are  un- 
der consideration.  The  delegate  representing 
the  five  remaining  powers  mentioned  above 
shall  have  this  right  when  questions  relating 
to  Austria,  and  Hungary  or  Bulgaria  are  under 
consideration. 

Each  of  the  governments  represented  on  the 
commissipn  shall  have  the  right  to  withdraw 
after  giving  twelve  months'  notice  to  the  com. 
mission  and  confirming  it  six  months  after  the 
date  of  the  original  notification. 

3.  Such  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
as  may  be  interested  shall  have   the  right  to 
name  a  delegate  to  be  present  and  act  as  as- 
sessor  only   while   their  respective   claims   and 
interests  are  under  examination  or  discussion, 
but  without  the  right  to  vote. 

The  section  to  be  established  by  the  commis- 
sion under  article  179  of  the  present  part  shall 
include  representatives  of  the  following  pow- 
ers: The  United  States  of  America.  Great 
Britain.  France,  Italy.  Greece.  Poland.  Rou- 
mama, the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  state  and  Czecho- 
slovakia. This  composition  of  the  section 


shall  in  no  way  prejudge  the  admissibility  of 
any  claims.  In  voting  the  representatives  of 
the  United  States  of  America.  Great  Britain, 


France  and  Italy  shall  each  have  two  votes. 

The    representatives    of    the    five    remaining- 
powers   mentioned   above   shall   appoint   a   del- 


egate to  represent  them  all.  who  shall  sit 
upon  the  reparation  commission  in  the  cir- 
cumstances described  in  paragraph  2  of  the 
present  annex.  This  delegate,  who  shall  be 
apppmted  for  one  year,  shall  be  chosen  suc- 
cessively from  the  nationals  of  each  of  tho 
said  five  powers. 
4.  In  the  case  of  death,  resignation  or  re- 


642 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


call  of  any  delegate,  assistant  delegate  or 
assessor,  a  successor  to  him  shall  be  nominated 
as  soon  as  possible. 

5.  The  commission  shall  have  its  principal 
permanent  bureau  in  Paris,  and  shall  hold  its 
first  meeting1  in  Paris   as   soon   as   practicable 
after    the    coming    into    force    of    the    present 
treaty,  and  thereafter  will  meet  in  such  place 
or  places  and  at  such  time  as  may  be  deemed 
convenient    and    as  may  be  necessary    for   the 
most   expeditious   discharge   of  its  duties. 

6.  At  its  first  meeting  the  commission  shall 
elect    from    among    the   delegates    referred    to 
above   a   chairman   and  a   vice-chairman,    who 
shall  hold  office  for  a  year  and  shall  be  eli- 
gible   for    re-election.      If    a    vacancy    in    the 
chairmanship      or     vice-chairmanship      should 
occur  during  the  annual  period,    the   commis- 
sion  shall   proceed   to  a  new  election  for  the 
remainder   of   the    said  period. 

7.  The  commission  is  authorized  to  appoint 
all  necessary  officers,  agents  and  employes  who 
may    be    reqiured    for    the    execution    of    its 
functions,    and    to    fix   their   remuneration:    to 
constitute  sections  or  committees  whose  mem- 
bers  need  not   necessarily  be  members  of   the 
commission,    and    to   take   all   executive    steps 
necessary    for   the   purpose    of   discharging   its 
duties:    and   to  delegate  authority   and  discre- 
tion      to      officers.       agents.       sections      and 
committees. 

8.  All    the    proceedings    of    the    commission 
shall  be  private  unless  on  particular  occasions 
the  commission  shall  otherwise  determine  for 
special   reasons. 

9.  The  commission  shall  be  required,  if  the 
Austrian  government  so  desire,   to  hear  with- 
in a  period  which  it  will  fix  from  time  to  time 
evidence  and  arguments   on   the  part   of   Aus- 
tria   on    any    questions    connected    with    her 
capacity  to  pay. 

10.  The      commission     shall     consider     the 
claims   and  give   to   the  Austrian   government 
a    just    opportunity    to    be    heard,    but   not    to 
take    any    part    whatever   in   the   decisions    of 
the  commission.     The  commission  shall  afford 
a  similar  opportunity  to  the  allies  of  Austria 
when  it  shall  consider  that  their  interests  are 
in  question. 

11.  The  commission  shall  not  be  bound  by 
any    particular    code    or    rules    of    law    or   by 
any    particular    rule    of    evidence    or    of    pro- 
cedure, but  shall  be  guided  by  justice,  equity 
and  good  faith.     Its  decisions  must  follow  the 
same   principles   and  rules  in    all   cases   where 
they    are    applicable.      It    will    establish    rules 
relating-   to   methods    of    proof    of    claims.      It 
may   act    on   any  trustworthy  modes   of  com- 
putation. 

12.  The    commission    shall    have    all    the 
powers   conferred   upon    it    and    shall    exercise 
all  the  functions  assigned  to  it  by  the  present 
treaty. 

The  commission  shall,  in  general,  have  wide 
latitude  as  to  its  control  and  handling  of  the 
whole  reparation  problem  as  dealt  with  in 
this  part,  and  shall  have  authority  to  inter- 
pret its  provisions.  Subject  to  the  provisions 
of  the  present  treaty,  the  commission  is  con- 
stituted by  the  several  allied  and  associated 
governments  referred  to  in  paragraphs  2  and 
3  above  as  the  exclusive  agency  of  the  said 
governments  respectively  for  receiving,  selling, 
holding  and  distributing  the  reparation  pay- 
ments to  be  made  by  Austria.  The  commis- 
sion must  comply  with  the  following 
conditions  and  provisions : 
'  (a)  Whatever  part  of  the  full  amount  of 
the  proved  claims  is  not  paid  in  gold  or 
in  ships,  securities,  commodities  or  otherwise, 
Austria  shall  be  required,  under  such  condi- 
tions as  the  commission  may  determine,  to 
cover  by  way  of  guaranty,  by  an  equivalent 
issue  of  bonds,  obligations  or  otherwise,  in 
order  to  constitute  an  acknowledgment  of  the 
said  part  of  the  debt. 

(b)  In  periodically  estimating  Austria's 
capacity  to  pay  the  commission  shall  examine 
the  Austrian  system  of  taxation;  first,  to  the 
end  that  the  sums  for  reparation  which  Aus- 
tria is  required  to  pay  shall  become  a  charge 


upon  all  her  revenues  prior  to  that  for  the 
service  or  discharge  of  any  domestic  loan, 
and.  second,  so  as  to  satisfy  itself  that  in 
general  the  Austrian  scheme  oi  taxation  is 
fully  as  heavy  proportionately  as  that  of 
any  of  the  powers  represented  on  the  commis- 
sion. 

The  reparation  commission  shall  receive  in- 
structions to  take  account  of: 

(1)  The    actual    economic   and   financial 
sition    of    Austrian    territory    as   delimite  ' 
the  present  treaty:   and 

(2)  The  diminution  of  its  resources  and  of 
its   capacity   for  payment   resulting  from   the 
clauses  of  the  present  treaty. 

As  long  as  the  position  of  Austria  is  not 
modified  the  commission  shall  take  account 
of  these  considerations  in  fixing  the  final 
amount  of  the  obligations  to  be  imposed  on 
Austria,  the  payments  by  whioh  these  are 
to  be  discharged,  and  any  postponement  of 
payment  .of  interest  which  may  be  asked  for 

(c)  The  'commission    shall,    as    provided    in 
article    181.    take    from    Austria,    by    way    of 
security     for     and     acknowledgment     of     her 
debt,    gold  bearer  bonds    free    of    all    taxes   or 
charges  of  every  description   established  or  to 
be    established    by    the    Austrian    government 
or  by  any  authorities  subject  to  them.   These 
bonds  will  be  delivered  at  any  time  that  may 
be   judged   expedient   by    the    commission,    and 
in    three    portions,     of    which    the    respective 
amounts    will    be    also    fixed   by    the   commis- 
sion,   the   crowns   gold   being   payable   in    con- 
formity with  article  213  of  part  X.   (Financial 
Clauses)    of   the   present   treaty: 

(1)  A   first   issue   in  bearer   bonds,    payable 
not  later  than  May  1.   1921,  without  interest. 
There    shall    be      -specially      applied      to      the 
amortization    of    these    bonds    the    payments 
which    Austria    is    pledged    to    make    in   con- 
formity  with    article    181    of    this    part,    after 
deduction    of    the    sums    used    for    the    reim- 
bursement  of   the  expenses   of   the   armies   of 
occupation    and   other      payments      for      food- 
stuffs and  raw  materials.     Such  bonds  as  may 
not   have  been  redeemed   by   May      1.      1921, 
shall    then    be    exchanged    for    new    bonds    of 
the    same    type   as    those    provided   for   below 
(paragraph  12.    (c).  2). 

(2)  A    second   issue   in  bearer  bonds   bear- 
ing   interest    at    2%    per    cent,    between    1921 
and   1926.   and  thereafter  at  5  per  cent,  with 
an  additional  1  per  cent  for  amortization,  be- 
ginning in  1926  on  the  whole  amount  of  the 

(3)  An    undertaking    in    writing-    to    issue, 
when,  but  not  until,   the  commission  is  satis- 
fied   that   Austria    can    meet    the   interest    and 
sinking    fund    obligations,     a    further    install- 
ment   of   bearer   bonds,    bearing  interest    at    n 
per   cent,   the  time  and  mode  of  payment  of 
principal    and    interest    to    be    determined    by 
the   commission. 

The  dates  for  the  payment  of  interest,  the 
manner  of  employing  the  amortization  fund 
and  all  other  questions  relating  to  the  issue, 
management  and  regulation  of  the  bond  is- 
sue shall  be  determined  by  the  commission 
from  time  to  time. 

Further  issues  by  way  of  acknowledgment 
and  security  may  be  required  as  the  com- 
mission subsequently  determines  from  time  to 
time. 

In  case  the  reparation  commission  should 
proceed  to  fix  definitely  and  no  longer  pro- 
visionally the  sum  of  the  common  charges 
to  be  borne  by  Austria  as  a  result  of  the 
claims  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers, 
the  commission  shall  immediately  annul  all 
bonds  which  have  been  issued  in  excess  of 
this  sum. 

(d)  In    the  event   of   bonds,    obligations   or 
other  evidence  of  indebtedness  issued  by  Aus- 
tria  by   way   of   security   for   or   acknowledg- 
ment   of    her    reparation    debt    being    disposed 
of    outright,    not    by   way    of    pledge,    to   per- 
sons   other    than    the    several    governments   in 
whose  favor   Austria's    original  reparation   in- 
debtedness  was    created,    an    amount    of    such 
reparation    indebtedness    shall    be    deemed    to 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


643 


be  extinguished  corresponding  to  the  nomi- 
nal value  of  the  bonds,  etc..  so  disposed  of 
outright,  and  the  obligation  of  Austria  an 
respect  of  such  bonds  shall  be  confined  to 
her  liabilities  to  the  holders  of  the  bonds,  as 
expressed  upon  their  face. 

(e)  The  damage  for  repairing-.  recon- 
structing and  rebuilding  property .  situated  in 
the  invaded  and  devastated  districts,  includ- 
ing reinstallation  of  furniture  machinery 
and  other  equipment,  will  be  calculated  ac- 
cording- to  the  cost  at  the  date  when  the 

W°(l)  Decfsums  of  the  commi.ssion  relating-  to 
the  total  or  partial  cancellation  of  the  capi- 
tal or  interest  of  any  of  the  verified  debt  of 
Austria  must  be  accompanied  by  a  statement 
of  its  reasons.  .,,  . 

13.  As   to    voting:  the   commission  will   ob- 
serve   the    following    rules: 

When  a  decision  of  the  commission  is  taken 
the  votes  of  all  the  delegates  entitled  to 
vote,  or  in  the  absence  of  any  of  them  of 
their  assistant  delegates,  shall  be  recorded. 
Abstention  from  voting  is  to  be  treated,  as 
a  vote  against  the  proposal  under  discussion. 
Assessors  shall  have  no  vote. 

On    the    following    questions    unanimity    is 

(a)  Questions   involving  the   sovereignty   of 
any    of    the    allied   and    associated  powers    or 
the    cancellation    of    the    whole    or    any    part 
of    the    debt    or    obligations    of    Austria: 

(b)  Questions    of    determining    the    amount 
and   conditions    of  bonds    or   other  obligations 
to  be  issued  by  the  Austrian  government  and 
of    fixing    the    time    and    manner    for    selling, 
negotiating    or   distributing    such    bonds: 

(c)  Any  postponement,   total  or  partial,  be- 
yond the  end  of  1930.   of  the  payment  of  in- 
stallments falling  due  between  May   1.   1921. 
and  the  end  of  1926  inclusive. 

(d)  Any   postponement,    total  or  partial,   of 
any  installments  falling  due  after  1926  for  a 
period    exceeding    three   years. 

(e)  Questions  of  applying  in  any  particular 
case  a  method  of  measuring  damages  different 
from  that  which  has  been  previously  applied  in 
a   similar  case. 

(f)  Questions   of    the   interpretation    of    the 
provisions  of  this  part  of  the  present  treaty. 

All  other  questions  shall  be  decided  by  the 
vote  of  the  majority. 

In  the  case  of  any  difference  of  opinion 
among  the  delegates,  which  cannot  be  solved 
by  reference  to  their  governments,  upon  the 
question  whether  a  given  case  is  one  which  re- 
quires a  unanimous  vote  for  its  decision  or 
not.  such  difference  shall  be  referred  to  the 
immediate  arbitration  of  some  impartial  per- 
son to  be  agreed  upon  by  their  governments, 
whose  award  the  allied  and  associated  govern- 
ments agree  to  accept. 

14.  Decisions   of   the  commission,   in  accord- 
ance with  the  powers  conferred  upon  it.  shall 
forthwith    become    binding    and    may    be    put 
into  immediate  execution  without  further  pro- 

15.  The  commission   shall  issue  to  each  of 
the    interested    powers    in    such    form    as    the 
commission   shall   fix: 

(1)  A    certificate    stating    that    it    holds    for 
the   account   of   the   said  power  bonds  of  the 
issues    mentioned    above,    the    said    certificate 
on  the  demand  of  the  power  concerned  bping 
divisible  into  a  number  of  parts  not  exceeding 
five: 

(2)  From   time   to   time   certificates   stating 
the  goods  delivered  by  Austria  on  account  of 
her    reparation   debt    which   it   holds   for    the 
account  of  the  said  power. 

Such  certificates  shall  be  registered  and. 
upon  notice  to  the  commission,  may  be  trans- 


ferred  by   indorsement. 
..Whei 


..jen  bonds  are  issued  for  sale  or  negotia- 
tion, and  when  goods  are  delivered  by  the 
commission,  certificates  to  an  equivalent  value 
must  be  withdrawn. 

16.  Interest  shall  be  debited  to  Austria  as 
from  May  1.  1921.  in  respect  of  her  debt  as 
determined  by  the  commission  after  allowing 


for  sums  already  covered  by  cash  payments 
or  their  equivalent  by  bonds  issued  to  the 
commission  or  under  article  189.  The  rate 
of  interest  shall  be  5  per  cent  unless  the 
commission  shall  determine  at  some  future 
time  that  circumstances  justify  a  variation  of 
this  rate. 

The  commission,  in  fixing-  on  May  1,  1921. 
the  total  amount  of  the  debt  of  Austria,  may 
take  account  pf  interest  due  on  sums  arising 
out  of  reparation  and  of  material  damage  as 
from  Nov.  11.  1918.  UP  to  May  1.  1921. 

17.  In    case    of    default    by    Austria    in    the 
performance    of    any    obligation      under      this 
part    of    the    present    treaty    the    commission 
will  forthwith  give  notice  of  such  default  to 
each  of  the  interested  powers  and  may  make 
such  recommendations  as  to  the  action  to  be 
taken   in    consequence    of    such   default    as   it 
may   think  necessary. 

18.  The  measures  which  the  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers  shall  have  the  right  to  take, 
in   the  case  of   voluntary  default  by   Austria, 
and    which    Austria    agrees    not    to    regard    as 
acts  of  war.  may  include  economic  and  finan- 
cial prohibitions   and  reprisals  and  in   general 
such    other    measures    as    the    respective    gov- 
ernments  may    determine    to   be   necessary   in 
the   circumstances. 

19.  Payments    required   to  be   made   in   gold 
or   its   equivalent    on    account    of    the    proved 
claims    of    the    allied    and    associated    powers 
may    at    any    time   be    accepted    by    the    com- 
mission   in    the    form    of    chattels,    properties, 
commodities,     businesses,     rights,     concessions 
within     or  without   Austrian     territory,    ships, 
bonds,    shares    or    securities    of    any    kind    or 
currencies    of    Austria    or    other      states.      the 
value  of  such  substitutes  for  gold  being  fixed 
at    a    fair    and    just    amount    by    the   commis- 
sion itself. 

20.  The   commission   in   fixing-    or   accepting 
payment  in  specified  properties  or  rights  shall 
have  due  regard  for  any  legal  or  equitable  in- 
terests of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  or 
of  their  nationals  therein. 

21.  No  member  of  the  commission  shall  be 
responsible,  except  to  the  government  appoint- 
ing- him,   for  any  action   or  omission   as   such 
member.    No    one    of    the   allied    and    associat- 
ed governments  assumes  any  responsibility  in 
lespect   of    any   other  government. 

22  Subject    to    the    provisions    of    the   pres- 
ent treaty  this  annex  may  be  amended  by  the 
unanimous    decision    of    the    governments    rep- 
resented   from    time    to    time    upon    the    com- 
mission. 

23  When  all  the  amounts  due  from  Austria 
and  her  allies  under  the  present  treaty  or  the 
decisions    of    the    commission    have    been    dis- 
charged,   and    all    sums      received.      or      their 
equivalents,    have    been    distributed      to      the 
powers  interested,   the   commission     shall     be 
dissolved. 

Annex  III. 

1.  Austria  recognizes  the  right  of  the  allied 
and  associated  powers  to  the  replacement,  ton 
for  ton  (gross  tonnage)  and  class  for  class,  of 
all  merchant  ships  and  fishing  boats  lost  or 
damaged  owing  to  the  war. 

Nevertheless,  and  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
the  tonnage  of  Austrian  shipping-  at  present 
in  existence  is  much  less  than  that  lost  by 
the  -allied  and  associated  powers  in  conse- 


quence of  the  aggression  of  Austria  and  her 
allies,  the  right  thus  recoernized  will  be  en- 
forced on  the  Austrian  ships  and  boats  under 


the    following    conditions: 

The  Austrian  government  on  behalf  of  them- 
selves and  so  as  to  bind  all  other  persons 
interested  cede  to  the  allied  and  associated 
governments  the  property  in  all  merchant 
ships  and  fishing  boats  belonging  to  nationals 
of  the  former  Austnan  empire. 

2.  The  Austrian  government  will  within  two 
months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pres- 
ent  treaty   deliver  to   the   reparation   commis- 
sion   all    the    ships   >and    boats    mentioned    in 
paragraph    1. 

3.  The   shios  and  boats  in 
dude  all   ships  and  ' 


)oats  in  paragraph  1  in- 
boata  which    (a)    fly  or 


644 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


may  be  entitled  to  fly  the  Austro-Hunganan 
merchant  flag  and  are  registered  in  a  port  of 
the  former  Austrian  empire,  or  (b)  are  owned 
by  any  national,  company  or  corporation  of 
the  former  Austrian  empire  or  by  any  com- 
pany or  corporation  belonging  to  a  country 
other  than  an  allied  or  associated  country 
and  under  the  control  or  direction  of  nationals 
of  the  former  Austrian  empire:  or  (c)  which 
are  now  under  construction  (1).  m  the  for- 
mer Austrian  empire:  (2).  in  other  than  allied 
or  associated  countries  for  the  .account  of  any 
national,  company  or  corporation  of  the  for- 
mer Austrian  empire. 

4.  For  the  purpose   of  providing1  documents 
of  title  for  the  ships  and  boats  to  be  handed 
ever   as   above    mentioned   the   Austrian   gov- 
ernment will: 

(a)  Deliver  to  the  reparation  commission  in 
respect  of  each  vessel  a  bill  of  sale  or  other 
document  of  title  evidencing  the  transfer  to 
the  commission  of  the  entire  property  in  the 
vessel,  free  from  all  incumbrances.  .charges 
and  liens  of  all  kinds  as  the  commission  may 

^TbPTake  all  measures  that  may  be  indicated 
by  the  reparation  commission  for  insuring  that 
the  ships  themselves  shall  be  placed  at  its 
disposal. 

5.  Axistria    undertakes    to    restore    in    kind 
and  in  normal  condition  of  upkeep  to  the  al- 
lied and  associated  powers  within  two  months 
of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty 
in  accordance  with  procedure  to  be  laid  down 
by   the   reparation  commission    any  boats   and 
other  movable,  appliances  belonging  to  lnla™* 
navigation   which    since   July    28,    1914,   have 
by    any    means    whatever    come   into  her   pos- 
session or  into  the  possession  of  her  nationals 
and   which   can   be   identified.     ...         .      . 

With  a  view  to  make  good  the  loss  in  in 
land  navigation  tonnage  from  whatever  cause 
arising  which  has  been  incurred  during  the 
war  by  the  allied  and  associated  powers  and 
which  cannot  be  made  good  by  means  of  the 
restitution  prescribed  above.  Austria  agrees  to 
cede  to  the  reparation  commission  a  portion 
of  the  Austrian  river  fleet  up  to  the  amount 
of  the  loss  mentioned  above,  provided  such 
cession  shall  not  exceed  20  per  cent  of  the 
river  fleet  as  it  existed  on  Nov.  3.  1918. 

The  conditions  of  this  cession  shall  be  set- 
tled by  the  arbitrators  referred  to  in  article 
300  of  part  XII.  (Ports.  Waterways  and  Rail- 
ways) of  the  present  treaty,  who  are  charged 
with  the  settlement  of  difficulties  relating  to 
the  apportionment  of  river  tonnage  resulting 
from  the  new  international  regime  applicable 
to  certain  river  systems  or  from  the  terri- 
torial changes  affecting  those  systems. 

6.  Austria  agrees  to  take  any  measures  that 
may   be    indicated    to   her   by    the   reparation 
commission    lor   obtaining   a    full   title   to   the 
property   in   all   ships  which  have,   during  the 
war.    been    transferred    or    are    in    process    of 
transfer    to    neutral    flags    without    the    con- 
sent of  the  allied  and  associated  governments. 

7.  Austria  waives  all  claims  of  any  descrip- 
tion  against   the  allied   and   associated  govern- 
ments   and    their    nationals    in    respect    of    the 
detention,  employment,  loss  or  damage  of  any 
Austrian    ships    or   boats. 

8.  Austria    renounces    all    claims    to    vessels 
or  cargoes   sunk  by   or  in   consequence  of  na- 
val   action   and    subsequently    salved   in   which 
any    of    the    allied    or    associated   governments 
or    their    nationals     may     have     any     interest 
either   as   owners,    charterers,    insurers   or   oth- 
erwise, notwithstanding  any  decree  of  condem- 
nation which  may  have  been  made  by  a  prize 
court    of    the    former   Austro-Hungarian   mon- 
archy or  of  its  allies. 

Annex  IV. 

1-  The  allied  and  associated  powers  require 
and  Austria  undertakes  that  in  part  satisfac- 
S?P  °Jnher  obligations  expressed  in  this  part 
"J^w11.1'  as  hereinafter  provided,  devote  her 
S£2Sf«c  resources,  directly  to  the  physical 
restoration  of  the  invaded  areas  of  the  allied 


nd  associated  powers  to  the  extent  that  these 
powers  may  determine. 

2.  The    allied    and    associated    governments 
nay  file  with  the  reparation  commission  lists 
showing  : 

(a)  Animals,  machinery,  equipment,  tools 
and  like  articles  of  a  commercial  character 
which  have  been  seized,  consumed  or  destroyed 
Austria,  or  destroyed  in  direct  consequence 
of  military  operations,  and  which  such  gov- 

ernments, for  the  purpose  of  meeting  immedi- 
ate and  urgent  needs,  desire  to  have  replaced 
by  animals  and  articles  of  the  same  nature 
which  are  in  being  in  Austrian  territory  at  the 
date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 

treaty  ; 

(b)    Reconstruction  materials  (stones,  bricks 

refractory  bricks,  tiles,  wood,  window  glass. 
steel,  lime,  cement,  etc.).  machinery,  heating 
apparatus,  furniture  and  like  articles  of  a 
commercial  character,  which  the  said  govern- 

ments desire  to  have  produced  and  manufac- 

tured in  Austria  and  delivered  to  them  to  per- 
mit of  the  restoration  of  the  invaded  areas. 

3.  The  lists  relating  to  the  articles  mentioned 
in  2   (a)  above  shall  be  filed  within  sixty  days 
after  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the 


present  treaty. 
The   lists   rel 

hall  be  filed  on  or  before  Dec.  31.  191 
The  lists  shall  contain  all  such  details  as  are 


lists   relating   to    the   articles  in   2    (b) 
filed  on  or  before  Dec.  31.  1919. 


customary  in  commercial  contracts  dealing  with 
the  subject  matter,  including  specifications. 
dates  of  delivery  (but  not  extending  over  more 
than  four  years)  and  places  of  delivery,  but 
not  prices  or  value,  which  shall  be  fixed  as 
hereinafter  provided  by  the  commission. 

4.  Immediately  upon  the  filing  of  such  lists 
with    the    commission    the    commission    shall 
consider  the   amount   and  number  of   the  ma- 

terials and  animals  mentioned  in  the  lists  pro- 
vided for  above  which  are  to  be  required  of 
Austria.  In  reaching  a  decision  on  this  mat- 
ter the  commission  shall  take  into  account 
such  domestic  requirements  of  Austria  as  it 
deems  essential  for  the  maintenance  of  Aus- 
trian social  and  economic  life,  the  prices  and 
dates  at  which  similar  articles  can  be  obtained 
in  the  allied  and  associated  countries  as  com- 
pared with  those  to  be  fixed  for  Austrian 
articles  and  the  general  interest  of  the  allied 
and  associated  governments  that  the  industrial 
life  of  Austria  be  not  so  disorganized  as  to 
affect  adversely  the  ability  of  Austria  to  per- 
form the  other  acts  of  reparation  stipulated 
for. 

Machinery  equipment,  tools  and  like  articles 
of  a  commercial  character  in  actual  industrial 
use  are  not.  however,  to  be  demanded  of  Aus- 
tria unless  there  is  no  free  stock  of  such  ar- 
ticles respectively  which  is  not  in  use  and  is 
available,  and  then  not  in  excess  of  30  per 
cent  of  the  Quantity  of  such  articles  in  use 
in  any  one  establishment  or  undertaking. 

The  commission  shall  give  representatives  of 
the  Austnan  government  an  opportunity  and  a 
time  to  be  heard  as  to  their  capacity  to  fur- 
nish the  said  materials,  articles  and  animals. 

The  decision  of  the  commission  shall  there- 
upon and  at  the  earliest  possible  moment  be 
communicated  to  the  Austrian  government  and 
to  the  several  interested  allied  and  associated 
governments. 

.The  Austrian  government  undertakes  to  de- 
liver the  materials,  articles  and  animals  as 
specified  in  the  said  communication,  and  the 
interested  allied  and  associated  governments 
severally  agree  to  accept  the  same,  provided 
they  conform  to  the  specification  given  or  are 
not,  in  the  judgment  of  the  commission,  unfit 
to  be  utilized  in  the  work  of  reparation. 

5.  The  commission  shall  determine  the  value 
to  be   attached   to   the   materials,   articles   and 
animals    to    be    delivered    in    accordance    with 
the    foreeroiner.    and    the    allied    or    associated 
power  receiving  the  same  agrees  to  be  charged 
with  such  value,  and  the  amount  thereof  shall 
>i«    treated    as   a    payment   by   Austria    to   be 
divided  in  accordance  with  article  183  of  this 
part    of    the   present    treaty. 

In  cases  where  the  right  to  require  physical 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


645 


restoration  as  above  provided  is  exercised,  the 
commission  shall  insure  that  the  amount,  to- 
be  credited  against  the  reparation  obligations 
of  Austria  shall  be  fair  value  for  work  done 
or  material  supplied  by  Austria,  and  that  the 
claim  made  by  the  interested  power  in  .re- 
spect of  the  damage  so  repaired  by  physical 
restoration  shall  be  discharged  to  the  extent 
of  the  proportion  which  the  damage  thus  re- 
paired bears  to  the  whole  of  the  damage  thus 
claimed  for. 

6.  As  an  immediate  advance  on  account  of 
the  animals  referred  to  in  paragraph  A  above. 
Austria  undertakes  to  deliver  in  equal  month- 
ly installments  in  the  three  months  following 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty 
the  following  quantities  of  live  stock: 

To  the  Italian  Government. 
4.000    milch    cows    of    from    3    to    5    years. 
1.000  heifers. 

50  bulls  from   18  months  to  3  years. 
1.000  calves. 
1.000   working  bullocks. 
2.000    sows. 

To  the  Serb-Croat-Slovene  Government. 
1.000  milch  cows  of  from  3  to  5  years. 
300  heifers. 

25  bulls  from  18  months  to  3  years. 
1.000  calves. 
500  working  bullocks. 
1.000  draft  horses. 
1,000   sheep. 

To   the   Roumanian    Government. 
1.000  milch  cows  of  from  3  to  5  years. 
500  heifers. 

25   bulls   from   18    months   to   3   years. 
1,000  calves. 
500    working   bullocks. 
1,000   draft   horses. 
1.000  sheep. 

The  animals  delivered  shall  be  of  average 
health  and  condition. 

If  the  animals  so  delivered  cannot  be  identi- 
fied as  animals  taken  away  or  seized,  the 
value  of  such  animals  shall  be  credited 
against  the  reparation  obligations  of  Austria 
in  accordance  with  paragraph  5  of  this  annex 
7.  As  an  immediate  advance  on  account  of 
the  articles  referred  to  in  paragraph  2  above. 
Austria  undertakes  to  deliver  during  the  six 
months  following  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  treaty,  in  equal  monthly  install- 
ments, such  supplies  of  furniture  in  hard  anc 
soft  wood,  intended  for  sale  in  Austria,  as 
the  allied  and  associated  powers  shall  ask 
for  month  by  month  through  the  reparatior 
commission  and  which  the  commission  shal 
consider  justified  on  the  one  hand  by  the 
seizures  and  destruction  carried  out  in  the 
course  of  the  war  on  the  territory  of  the 
said  powers  and  on  the  other  hand  propor 
tionate  to  the  supplies  at  the  disposal  of 
Austria.  The  price  of  the  articles  so  supplied 
shall  be  carried  to  the  credit  of  Austria  un- 
der the  conditions  provided  for  in  paragraph 
5  of  this  annex. 

Annex  V. 

1.  Austria     shall    give,     as    partial    repara 
tion.  to  the  allied  and  associated  governments 
severally  an  option  during  the  five  years  iol 
lowing   the   coming  into   force   of    the   present 
treaty    for    the    annual    delivery    of    the    raw 
materials  hereinafter  enumerated:  the  amounts 
delivered    to   bear   the    same    relation    to    their 
annual    importations    of    these    materials    be 
fore    the    war    from    Austria-Hungary    as    the 
resources  of  Austria  as  now  delimited  by  the 
present    treaty    bear    to    the    resources    before 
the     war     of     the     former    Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy. 

Timber  and  timber  manufactures: 
Iron   and  iron  alloys; 
Magnesite. 

2.  The  price  paid  for  the  products  referred 
to    in    the    preceding    paragraph    shall    be    the 
same  as  the   price  paid  by  Austrian  nationals 
under  the  same  conditions  of  shipment  to  the 
Austrian  frontier  and  shall  be  subect  to  any 


advantages    which    may    be    accorded    similar 
>roduets  furnished  to  Austrian  nationals. 

3.  The  foregoing  options  shall  be  exercised 
hrough  the  intervention  of  the  repara/tion 
ommission,  which  subject  to  the  specific 
>rovisions  hereof  shall  have  power  to  de- 
ermine  all  questions  relative  to  procedure  and 
qualities  and  quantities  of  products  and  the 
imes  and  modes  of  delivery  and  payment.  In 
giving-  notice  to  the  Austrian  government  of 
,he  foregoing  options.,  the  commission  shall 
give  at  least  120  days'  notice  of  deliveries  to 
be  made  after  Jan.  1,  1920,  and  at  least 
hirty  days'  notice  of  deliveries  to  be  made 
between  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pres- 
ent treaty  and  Jan.  1.  1920.  If  the  commis- 
sion shall  determine  that  the  full  exercise  of 
he  foregoing  options  would  interfere  unduly 
with  the  industrial  requirements  of  Austria, 
the  commission  is  authorized  to  postpone  or 
;o  cancel  deliveries  and  in  so  doing  to  settle 
all  questions  of  priority. 

Annex    VI. 

Austria  renounces  on  her  own  behalf  and 
on  behalf  of  her  nationals  in  favor  of  Italy 
all  rights,  titles  or  privileges-  of  whatever 
nature  in  -any  submarine  cables  or  portions 
of  cables  connecting  Italian  territory,  includ- 
ing the  territories  which  are  assigned  to  Italy 
under  the  present  treaty. 

Austria  also  renounces  on  her  own  behalf 
and  on  behalf  of  her  nationals  in  favor  of 
the  principal  allied,  and  associated  powers  all 
rights,  titles  and  privileges  of  whatever  na- 
ture in  the  submarine  cables  or  portions 
thereof,  connecting  the  territories  ceded  by 
Austria  under  the  terms  of  the  present  treaty 
to  the  various  allied  and  associated  powers. 

The  states  concerned  shall  provide  for  the 
upkeep  of  the  installations  and  the  proper 
working  of  the  said  cables. 

As  regards  the  cable  from  Trieste  to  Corfu. 


the    Italian  government   shall  enjoy  in   its   re- 

.    _    .     .ling1  this  cable 

the  same  position  as  that  held  by  the  Austro- 


lations   with   the  company   owning- 


Hungarian    government. 

The  value  of  the  cables  or  portions  of  ca- 
bles referred  to  in  the  two  first  paragraphs 
of  the  present  annex,  calculated  on  the  basis 
of  the  original  cost,  less  a  suitable  allowance 
for  depreciation,  shall  be  credited  to  Aus- 
tria in  the  reparation  account. 

Section  II.— Special  Provisions. 
Article  191. 

In  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  article 
184  of  this  part  Austria  undertakes  to  sur- 
render to  each  of  the  allied  and  associated 
powers  respectively  all  records,  documents,  ob- 
jects of  antiquity  and  of  art  and  all  scien- 
tific and  bibliographical  material  taken  away 
from  ihe  invaded  territories,  whether  they 
belong  to  the  state  or  to  provincial,  commu- 
nal, charitable  or  ecclesiastical  administra- 
tions or  other  public  or  private  institutions. 
Article  192. 

Austria  shall  in  the  same  manner  restore 
objects  of  the  same  nature  as  those  referred 
to  in  the  preceding  article  which  may  have 
been  taken  away  since  June  1.  1914.  from  the 
ceded  territories,  with  the  exception  of  ob- 
jects bought  from  private  owners. 

The    reparation    commission    will    apply    to 
these  objects  the  provisions  of   article  208  of 
Part    IX.    (Financial   Clauses)    of    the    present 
treaty,   if   these  are  appropriate. 
Article  193. 

Austria  will  give  up  to  each  of  the  allied 
and  associated  governments  respectively  all  the 
records,  documents  and  historical  material  pos- 
sessed by  public  institutions  which  may  have 
a  direct  bearing  on  the  history  of  the  ceded 
territories  and  which  have  been  removed  dur- 
ing the  last  ten  years.  This  last  mentioned 
penod.  a%  far  as  concerns  Italy,  shall  be  ex- 
tended to  tho  date  of  the  proclamation  of  the 
kingdom  (1861). 

Ihe  new  states  arising:  out  of  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  and  the  states 
which  receive  part  of  the  territory  of  that 


4 

046 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


monarchy  undertake  on  their  part  to  hand  over  I  Modena. 

to  Austria  the  records,  documents  and  material        ^    "Virgin"  by    Andrea   del   Sarto 

dating    from    a    period    not    exceeding    twenty    drawings  by  Correggio  belonging  to 

years  which  have  a  direct  bearing  on  the  his-    kothek    of   Modena   and  removed  in   1859   .. 

tory  or  administration  of  the  territory  of  Aus-     rjiike  Francis   V. 

tria  and  which  may  be  found  in  the  territories       The  three  following-  MSS.  belonging1  to  the 

transferred. 

Article  194- 

Austria     acknowledges     that     she     remains 
bound,  as  regards  Italy,  to  execute  the  oblig'a- 
tions  referred  to  in  article  15  of  the  treaty  of 
Zurich  of  Nov.  10.   1859.  in  article  18  of  the 
treaty  of  Vienna  of  Oct    3.   1866.   and  in   the 
convention  of  Florence  of  July  14.   1868.  con- 
cluded between   Italy  and  Austria-Hungary,   in  I  by    Salvator 
so  far  as  the  articles  referred  to  have  not  in    ~ 
fact  been  executed  in  their  entirety  and  in  so 
far  as  the  documents  and  objects  in  question 


.  Lat.  422/23). 
reviarium  Romanum    (Cod.   Lat.  424)    and 
Officium  Beatae  Virginia .  (Cod..  Lat.  262). 


,rds  Italy,  to  execute  the  oolig-a-        Officium  Beatae  Virgims   WOO.  ion.  20; 
to  in  article  .15  of  the  treaty  of     carried  off  by  Duke  Francis  V.  in  1859. 


The    bronzes    carried    off    under    the    same 
circumstances  in  1859. 

Certain  objects    (among-  others,  two  pictures 
y    Salvator    Rosa    and    a    portrait    by    Dosso 
Dossi)    claimed    by    the    Duke    of    Modena    in 
1868   as  a  condition  of  the  execution  of  the 
convention   of   June    20.    1868.    and  other  ob- 


are  situated  in  the  territory  of  Austria  or  her    jects  •given  up  in  1872  in   the  same  circum- 
allies.  stances 

Article  195.  Palermo. 

Within  a  period  of  twelve  months  after  the  Objects  made  in  Palermo  in  the  twelfth 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty  a  com-  century  for  the  Norman  kings  and  employed 
mittee  of  three  jurists  appointed  by  the  rep-  in  the  coronation  of  the  emperors,  which 
a  rat  ion  commission  shall  examine  the  condi-  were  carried  off  from  Palermo  and  are  now 
tions  under  which  the  objects  or  manuscripts  in  Vienna. 
in  possession  of  Austria,  enumerated  in  annex  Naples. 

I.  hereto,  were  carried  off  by  the  house  at  Ninety-eight  MSS.  carried  off  from  the  li- 
Hapsburg1  and  by  the  other  houses  which  have  brary  of  S  'Giovanni  a  Carbonara  and  other 
reigned  in  Italy.  If  it  is  found  that  the  said  libraries  at  Naples  in  1718  under  the  orders 
objects  or  manuscripts  were  carried  off  in  vio- 
lation of  the  : 

the   reparation 

the    committee    referred   to.    shall   order   their  I  tua.~"vlemia.  "Modena  and  Florence. 

restitution.     Italy  and  Austria  agree  to  accept 

the  decisions  of  the  commission. 
Belgium.    Poland    and    Czecho-Slovakia    may 


i  or  manuscripts  were  earned  on  in  vio-     of   Austria   and  sent   to   Vienna.  J-JM 

of   the   ng-hts   of   the  Italian   provinces        Various   documents   carried    off    at   different 
jparation  commission,    on   the  report    of    times  from  the  state  archives  of  Milan.  Man- 


the  same  committee  of  three  jurists, 
the  obiects  and  documents  enumer- 
mnexes  II..  in.  and  IV.  hereto.  Bel- 


relating 
ated  ir 


dertake  to  accept  the  decisions  taken  by  the 
reparation  commission  as  the  result  of  the  re- 
port of  the  said  commitee. 

Article  196. 

With  regard     to     all     objects     of     artistic, 
archaeological,    ecaentinc   or  historic  character 


Annex  11. 

I.  The   "Triptych   of   Saint   ndephonse,"  by 
^.ubens.   from  the  abbey   of   Saint-Jacaues  sur 
Cowdenberg  at  Brussels,  bought  in  1777   and 
red  to  Vienna. 

Objects     and    documents      removed      101 
safety   from  Belgium  to   Austria  in    1794: 

(a)  Arms,    armor    and    other    objects   from 
the  old  arsenal  of  Brussels. 

(b)  The  Treasure  of  the  "Toisond'Or"  pre- 
served in  previous  times  in  the  "Chapelle  de 


la  Cour"  at  Brussels. 
(c)    Coinage,    stamp 
by  Theodore  van  Bercke 


als    and   counters 
which  were  .an 


forming-    part    of    collections    which    formerly  I  sentiaTTea'ture""  in"fne"'   archives '"  of"  the 
belonged  to  Jhe  government  or  the  .crown  of  |  "Chambre  des  Comptes"   at  Brussels. 


the  Arstro-Hung-arian  monarchy  -and  are  not 
otherwise  provided  for  in  this  present  treaty 
Austna  undertakes: 

(a)  To  negotiate,   when   required,    with  the 
etates  concerned  for  an  amicable  arrangement 
whereby    any    portion    thereof    or   any    objects 
belonging   thereto   which    ought   to   form    part 

of  the  intellectual  patrimony  of  the  ceded  dis- 
tricts may  be  returned  to  their  districts  of 
origin  on  terms  of  reciprocity,  and 

(b)  For   twenty   years,    unless  a   special   ar- 
rangement   is    previously    arrived    at.    not    to 


The  original  manuscript  copies,  of  the 
chorographique"  of  the  Austrian  low 
countries  drawn  up  by  Lieut.-Gen  Comte 
Jas  de  Ferraris  between  1770  and  1777.  an4 
the  documents  relating  thereto. 

Annex  111. 

Object  removed   from  the   territory  forming 
part  of  Poland  subsequent  to  the   first  parti- 

The    gold    cup    of    Kinsr   Ladislas    IV..    No. 
1114  of  the  Court 


alienate  or  disperse  any  of  the  said  collections 

or  to  dispose  of  any  of  the  above  objects,  but 

at   all   times  to  insure   their  safety   and   good 

condition  and  to  make,  them  available.,  tog-ether  I  state  of  G~zecho-*Slovakiir~wbich' ' 

with  inventories,  catalogues  and  administrative    Rosen  thai  removed by Border  of  M 

documents   relating  to   the  said   collection,    at        (2)   The  documents   originally 

all  reasonable  times  to  students  who   are  na-      - 

tionals    of    any    of    the    allied    and    associated 

Dowers. 

Annex     I. — Tuscany. 


The  crown  jewels  (such  part  as  remains 
after  their  dispersion),  the  private  jewels  of 
the  Princess  Electress  of  Medici,  the  medals 
which  form  part  of  the  Medici  heirlooms  and 
other  precious  objects— all  being  domanial 
property  according  to  contractual  agreements 
and  testamentary  dispositions— removed  to 
Vienna  during  the  eighteenth  century. 

Furniture  and  silver  plate  belonging-  to  the 
house  of  Medici  and  the  "jewel  of  Aspasios" 
in  payment  of  debts  owed  by  the  house  of 
Austria  to  the  crown  of  Tuscany. 

The  ancient  instruments  of  astronomy  and 
physics  belonging'  to  the  Academy  of  Cimento 
removed  by  the  house  of  Lorraine  and  sent 
as  a  present  to  the  cousins  of  the  imperial 


Museum  at  Vienna.    ___ 
Annex  IV. 

(1)   Documents,    historical    memoirs,    manu- 
scripts., maps.    etc..    claimed,  by    the    present 

.  __   ..    .       laria  Theresa. 

documents    originally  Jbelonging    to 


the  Royal  Aulic  Chancellery  of   Bohemia   ai 

f   Bohemi 
ed   part  of 


the   Aulic   Chamber   of   Accounts   of   Bohemia, 
and  the  works   of   art  which 


the  works  of  art  which  formed  part  of 
installation  of  the  Royal  Chateau  of 
le  and  other  royal  castles  in  Bohemia, 
i  were  removed  by  the  Emperors  Mathias. 


the 

Prague 

which  were  removed  by  the  Empero 

Ferdinand  II..  Charles  VI.    (about 


and     1737) 
which     are 


and 
now 


Francis 
in     the 


e  Em 
.  (ab 
i  Jose 


'oseph 
archives. 


all    ol 

imperial 


, 

castles,  museums  and  other  central  public  in- 
stitutions at  Vienna. 

PART    IX. 

FINANCIAL  CLAUSES. 
197. 

repara- 


Subject  to    such    exceptions    as    the 
tion  commission    may    make,    the    first    charge 


upon  all  the  assets  and  revenues  of  Austria 
shall  be  the  cost  of  reparation  and  all  other 
costs  arising  under  the  present  treaty  or  any 
treaties  or  agreements  supplementary  thereto. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


647 


or  under  arrangements  concluded  between  Aus- 
and the  allied  and  associated  powers 
the  armistice  signed  on  Nov.  3.   1918. 


tria  and  the  allied  and  associated  powers  dur- 
ing1 the  armistice  signed  on  Nov.  3.   1918. 
Up    to   May    1.    1921.    the   Austrian   govern- 


.  . 

ment  shall  not  export  or  dispose  of.  and  shall 
forbid  the  export  or  disposal  of.  gold  with- 
out the  previous  approval  of  the  allied  and 
associated  powers  acting  through  the  repara- 
tion commission. 

Article  198. 

There  shall  be  paid  by  the  government  of 
Austria  the  total  cost  of  all  armies  of  the 
allied  and  associated  governments  occupying 
territory  within  the  boundaries  of  Austria  as 
defined  by  the  present  treaty  from  the  date 
of  the  signature  of  the  armistice  of  Nov.  3. 
1918.  including  the  keep  of  men  and  beasts. 
lodging  and  billeting,  pay  and  allowance^  .sal- 
aries and  wages,  bedding,  heating,  lighting. 
clothing  equipment,  harness  and  saddlery,  ar- 
mament and  rolling  stock,  air  services,  treat- 
ment of  sick  and  wounded,  veterinary  and  re- 
mount services,  transport  services  of  all  sorts 
(such  as  by  rail,  sea  or  river,  motor  lorries). 
communications  and  correspondence,  and.  in 
general,  the  cost  of  all  administrative  or 
technical  services  the  working  of  which  is 
necessary  for  the  training  of  troops  and  for 
keeping  their  numbers  UP  to  strength  and 
preserving  their  military  efficiency. 

The  cost  jot  such  liabilities  under  the  above 


ernmenis    in    me    uucuyicu    I/GIH^U.    one."    ~~ 

Said  by   the   Austrian  government   to  'the   al- 
ed  and  associated  governments  in  crowns  or 
any  legal  currency   of  Austria  which   may  be 
Bubstituted  for  crowns  at  the  current  or  agreed 
rate  of  exchange. 

All  other  of  the  above  costs  shall  be  paid 
in  the  currency  of  the  country  to  which  the 
payment  is  due. 

Article  199. 

Austria  confirms  the  surrender  of  all  ma 
terial  handed  over  or  to  be  handed  over  to 
the  allied  and  associated  powers  in  accord 
snee  with  the  armistice  of  Nov.  3.  1918.  and 
subsequent  armistice  agreements  and  recog 
Sizes  the  title  of  the  allied  and  associated 
powers  to  such  material. 

There  shall  be  credited  to  the  governmen 
of  Austria,  against  the  sums  due  from  it  ti 
the  allied  and  associated  powers  for  repara 
tion.  the  value,  as  assessed  by  the  reparation 
commission,  of  such  of  the  above  matena 
for  which,  as  having  nonmilitary  value,  crrd 
it  should,  in  the  judgment  of  the  reparation 
commission,  be  allowed  to  the  government  o 
Austria. 

Property  belonging  to  the  allied  and  asso 
ciated  governments  or  their  nationals  restored 
or  surrendered  under  the  armistice  agree 
ments  in  specie  shall  not  be  credited  to  th 
government  of  Austria. 

Article  200. 

The  priority  of  the  charges  established  bj 
article  197  shall,  subject  to  the  qualifies 
tions  made  in  the  last  paragraph  of  thi 
article,  be  as  follows: 

(.a)  The  cost  of  the  armiea  of  occupation 
as  defined  \inder  article  198.  during  the  ar 
mistice: 

(b)  The  cost  of   any  armies  of   occupation 
as  defined   under   article   198.    after  the  com 
ing    into    force    of    the   present   treaty: 

(c)  The   cost   of    reparation    arising   out   o 
the  present   treaty  or  any  treaties  or  conven 
tions   suDplementarv   thereto: 

(d)  The    cost    of    all    other    obligations   in 
cumbent   on   Austria    Under  the  armistice  con 
ventions   or  under  this   treaty   or  any   treatie 
or  conventions   supplementary  thereto. 

The  payment  for  such  supplies  of  food  an 
raw  material  for  Austria  and  such  other  pay 
ments  as  may  be  judged  by  the  principa 
allied  and  associated  powers  to  be  essentia 
to  enable  Austria  to  meet  her  obligations  i 
respect  of  reparation  shall  have  priority  t 


he  extent  and  upon  the  conditions  which 
ave  been  or  may  be  determined  by  the  g-ov- 
rnments  of  the  said  powers. 

Article  201. 

.The  right  of  each  of  the  allied  and  asso- 
latecl  powers  to  dispose  of  enemy  assets  and 
roperty  within  its  jurisdiction  at  the  date 
f  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty 
s  not  affected  by  the  foregoing  provisions. 

Article  202. 

Nothing  in  the  foregoing  provisions  shall 
rejucuce  in  any  manner  charges  or  mortgages 
awfully  effected  in  favor  of  the  allied  and 
ssociated  powers  or  their  nationals  respective- 
y. before  the  date  at  which  a  state  of  war 
xisted  between  Austria-Hungary  and  the  al- 
led  or  associated  powers  concerned  by  the 
ormer  Austrian  government  or  by  nationals  of 
he  former  Austrian  empire  on  assets  in  their 
ownership  at  that  date,  except  in  so  far  as  va- 
riations of  such  charges  or  mortgages  are  spe- 
cifically provided  for  under  the  terms  of  the 
>resent  treaty  or  conventions  supplementary 
hereto. 

Article  20 S. 

1.  Each  of  the  states  to  which  territory  of 
he  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  is 
ransferred  and  each  of  the  states  arising  from 
he  dismemberment  cf  that  monarchy,  includ- 
ng  Austria,  shall  assume  responsibility  for  a 
portion  of  the  debt  of  the  former  Austrian 
government  which  is  specifically  secured  on 
railways,  salt  mines  or  other  property,  and 
which  was  in  existence  on  July  28.  1914.  The 
portion  to  be  so  assumed  by  each  state  shall 
be  such  portion  as  in  the  opinion  of  the  rep- 
aration commission  represents  the  secured 
debt  in  respect  of  the  railways,  salt  mines  and 
other  properties  transferoed  to  the  state  under 
the  terms  of  this  treaty  or  conventions  sup- 
plementary thereto. 

The  amount  of  the  liability  in  respect  of 
secured  disbt  so  assumed  by  each  state,  other 
than  Austria,  shall  be  valued  by  the  repara- 
tion commission,  on  such  basis  as  the  com- 
mission may  conJder  equitable  and  the  value 
so  ascertained  shall  be  deducted  from  the 
amount  payable  by  the  state  in  question  to 
Austria  in  respect  of  property  of  the  former 
or  existing;  Austrian  government  which  the 
state  acquires  with  the  territory.  Each  state 
shall  be  solely  responsible  in  respect  of  that 
portion  of  the  secured  debt  for  which  it  as- 
sumes responsibility  under  the  terms  of  this 
article,  and  holders  of  the  debt  for  which  re- 
sponsibility is  assumed  by  states  other  than 
Austria  shall  have  no  recourse  against  the 
government  of  any  other  state. 

Any  property  which  was  specifically  pledged 
to  secure  any  debt  referred  to  in  this  article 
shall  remain  specifically  pledged  to  secure  the 
new  debt.  But  in  case  the  property  so  pledged 
is  situated  as  the  result  of  the  present  treaty 
in  more  than  one  state  that  portion  of  the 
property  which  is  situated  in  a  particular  state 
shall  constitute  the  security  only  for  that  part 
of  the  debt  which  is  apportioned  to  that 
state  and  not  for  any  other  part  of  the  debt. 

For  the  purposes  of  the  present  article  there 
shall  be  regarded  as  secured  debt  payments 
due  by  the  former  Austrian  government  in 
connection  with  the  purchase  pf  railways  or 
similar  property:  the  distribution  of  tine  lia- 
bility for  such  payments  will  be  determined 
by  the  reparation  commission  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  in  the  case  of  secured  debt. 

Debts  for  which  the  responsibility  is  trans- 
ferred under  the  terms  of  this  article  shall 
be  expressed  in  terms  of  the  currency  of  the 
state  assuming  the  responsibility,  if  the  orig- 
inal debt  was  expressed  in  terms  of  Austro- 
Hungarian  paper  currency.  For  the  purposes 
pf  this  conversion  the  currency  of  the  assum- 
ing state  shall  be  valued  in  terms  of  Austro- 
Hungarian  paper  kronen  at  the  rate  at  which 
those  kronen  were  exchanged  into  the  cur- 
rency of  the  assuming  state  by  that  state 
when  it  first  substituted  its  own  currency 
for  Austro-Hungarian  kronen.  The  basis  of 


648 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


.this  conversion  of  the  currency  unit  in  which 
the  bonds  are  expressed  shall  be  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  reparation  commission. 
which  shall,  il  it  thinks  fit,  require  the  state 
effecting  the  conversion  to  modify  the  terms 
thereof.  Such  modification  shall  only  be  re- 
quired if.  in  the  opinion  of  the  commission, 
the  foreign  exchange  value  of  the  currency 
unit  or  units  substituted  for  the  currency 
unit  in  which  the  old  bonds  are  expressed 
is  substantially  less  at  the  date  of  the  con- 
version than  the  foreign  exchange  value  oi 
the  original  currency  unit. 

If  the  original  Austrian  debt  was  expressed 
in  terms  of  a  foreign  currency  or  foreign 
currencies,  the  new  debt  shall  be  expressed 
in  terms  of  the  same  currency  or  currencies. 

If  the  original  Austrian  debt  was  expressed 
in  terms  of  Austro-Hungarian  gold  coin,  the 
new  debt  shall  be  expressed  in  terms  of  equiv- 
alent amounts  of  pounds  sterling1  and  gold 
dollars  of  the  United  States  of  America,  the 
equivalents  being1  calculated  on  the  basis  of 
the  weight  and  the  fineness  of  gold  of  the 
three  coins  as  enacted  by  law  on  Jan.  1.  1914. 

Any  foreign  exchange  options,  whether  at 
fixed  rates  or  otherwise,  embodied  explicitly 
or  implicitly  in  the  old  bonds  shall  be  em- 
bodied in  the  new  bonds  also. 

2.  Each  of  the  states  to  which  territory 
of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  is 
transferred  and  each  of  the  states  arising 
from  the  dismemberment  of  that  monarchy. 
including1  Austria,  shall  assume  responsibility 
lor  a  portion  of  the  unsecured  bonded  debt 
of  the  former  Austrian  government  which  was 
in  existence  on  July  28.  1914.  calculated  on 
the  basis  of  the  ratio  between  the  average 
for  the  three  financial  years  1911,  1912. 
1.913.  of  such  revenues  of  the  distributed  ter- 
ritory and  the  average  for  the  same  years 
of  such  revenues  of  the  whole  of  the  former 
Austrian  territories  as  in  the  judgment  of  the 
eparation  commission  are  best  calculated  to 

^present  the  financial  capacity  of  the  re- 
spective territories.  In  making-  the  above  cal- 
culation the  revenues  of  Bosnia  and  Herze- 
govina shall  not  be  included. 

The    responsibilities    in    respect    of    bonded 

£ft£iJ^  ^11  ai?fun?e<i  under  tne  terms  of  tnis 
dnw  ish?l1  **>  discharged  in  the  manner  laid 
down  m  the  annex  hereto. 

The  Austrian  government  shall  be  solely 
responsible  .  for  all  the  liabilities  of  the  for- 
mer Austrian  government  incurred  prior  to 
July  28  1914  other  than  those  evidenced  by 
the  bonds,  bills  securities  and  currency  notes. 
which  are  specifically  provided  for  under  the 
terms  of  the  present  treaty 

Neither  .the  provisions  of  this  article  nor 
the  provisions  of  the  annex  hereto  shall  apply 
to  securities  of  the  former  Austrian  govern- 
ment deposited  with  the  Austro-Hungarian 
bank  ag  security  for  the  currency  notes  issued 
by  that  bank. 

Annex. 

The  amount  of  the  former  unsecured  Aus- 
trian government  bonded  debt,  the  responsi- 
bility for.  which  is  to  be  distributed  under 
the  provisions  of  article  203.  shall  be  the 
rmount  of  that  debt  as  it  stood  on  July  28 
1914.  after  deducting;  that  portion  which 
represents  the  liability  of  the  former  Hun- 
garian government  for  that  debt  ae  provided 
by  the  additional  convention  relating-  to 
the  contribution  of  the  countries  of  the  sa- 
cred Hungarian  crown  to  the  charges  of  the 
debt  of  the  Austro-Hung-arian  state 

3*11  law  of 


. 

Each  state  assuming  responsibility  for  the 
D  ^unsecured  Austrian  government  debt  shall. 
within  three  months  of  the  coming-  into  force 
of  the  present  treaty,  if  it  has  not  already 
done  so.  stamp  with  the  stamp  of  its  own 
g-overnment  all  the  bonds  of  that  debt  existing 
In  its  own  territory.  The  distinguishing-  num- 

*?  £f  ,the  Don<3s  so  stamped  shall  be  recorded 
and  ehall  be  lurnished.  tog-ether  with  the  other 


records    of    the   stamping1,    to    the   reparation 
commission. 

Holders  of  bonds  within  the  territory  of  a 
state  which  is  required  to  stamp  pld  Aus- 
trian bonds  under  the  terms  of  this  annex 
shall,  from  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  treaty,  be  creditors  in  respect 
of  these  bonds  of  that  state  only,  and  they 
shall  have  no  recourse  ag-ainst  the  govern- 
ment of  any  other  state. 

Each  state  which,  under  the  terms  of  arti- 
cle 203.  is  required  to  assume  responsibility 
for  a  portion  of  the  old  unsecured  Austrian 
g-overnment  debt,  and  which  has  ascertained 
by  means  of  stamping  the  old  Austrian  bonds 
that  the  bonds  of  any  particular  issue  of 
such  old  Austrian  bonds  held  within  its  terri- 
tory were  smaller  in  amount  than  the  amount 
of  that  issue  for  which,  in  accordance  with 
the  assessment  of  the  reparation  commission, 
it  is  held  responsible,  shall  deliver  to  the 
reparation  commission  new  bonds  equal  in 
amount  to  the  difference  between  the  amount 
of  the  issue  for  which  it  is  responsible  and 
the  amount  of  the  same  issue  recorded  as  held 
within  its  own  territory.  Such  new  bonds 
shall  be  of  such  denominations  as  the  rep- 
aration commission  may  require.  They  shall 
carry  the  same  rights  as  regards  interest 
and  amortization  as  the  old  bonds  for  which 
they  are  subst'tuted.  and  in  all  other 
spects  the  conditions  of  the  new 
be  fixed  subject  to  the  approval  of 
aration  commission. 

If  the  original  bond  was  expressed  in  terms 
of  Austro-Hungarian  paper  currency  the  new 
bond  by  which  it  is  replaced  shall  be  expressed 
in  terms  of  the  currency  of  the  state  issuing 
the  new  bond,  and  for  the  purpose  of  this 
currency  conversion,  the  currency  of  the  new 
state  shall  be  valued  in  terms  of  Austro- 
Hunsrarian  paper  kronen  at  the  rate  at  which 
those  kronen  were  exchanged  for  the  currency 
of  the  new  state  by  that  state  when  it 


substituted  is  own  currency  for  Austrp-Hun- 
ganan  paper  kronen.  The  basis  of  this  con- 
version of  the  currency  unit  in  which  the 
bonds  are  expressed  shall  be  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  reparation  commission,  which 
shall,  if  it  thinks  fit.  require  the  state  ef- 
fecting- the  conversion  to  modify  the  terms 
thereof.  Such  modification  shall  only  be  re- 
auired  if.  in  the  opinion  of  the  commission, 
the  foreign  exchange  value  of  the  currency 
unit  or  units  substituted  for  the  currency  unit 
in  which  the  old  bonds  are  expressed  is  sub- 
stantially less  at  the  date  of  the  conversion 
than  the  foreign  exchange  value  of  the  orig- 
inal  currency  unit. 

If  the  original  bond  was  expressed  in  terms 
of  a  foreign  currency  or  foreign  currencies 
the  new  bond  shall  be  expressed  in  terms  of 
the  same  currency  or  currencies.  If  the  orig- 
inal bond  was  expressed  in  terms  of  Austro- 
Hungarian  gold  coin  the  new  bond  shall  be 
expressed  in  terms  of  equivalent  amounts  of 
pounds  sterling  and  gold  dollars  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  the  equivalents  being  cal- 
culated on  the  basis  of  the  weight  and  fine- 
ness of  gold  of  the  three  coins  as  enacted  by 
law  on  Jan.  1.  1914. 

Any  foreign  exchange  options,  whether  at 
fixed  rates  or  otherwise,  embodied  explicitly 
or  implicitly  in  the  old  bonds  shall  be  em- 
bodied in  the  new  bonds  also. 

Bach  state  which  under  the  terms  of  article 
203  is  required  to  assume  responsibility  for  a 
portion  of  the  pld  unsecured  Austrian  govern- 
ment debt,  which  has  ascertained  by  means 
of  stamping  the  old  Austrian  bonds  that  the 
bonds  of  any  particular  issue  of  such  old  Aus- 
trian bonds  held  within  its  territory  were 
larger  in  amount  than  the  amount  of  that 
issue  for  which  it  is  held  responsible  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  assessment  of  the  repara- 
tion commission  shall  receive  from  the  rep- 
aration commission  its  due  proportionate  share 
of  each  of  the  new  issues  of  bonds  issued  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  annex. 

Holders  of  unsecured  bonds  of  the  old  Aus- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


649 


trian  government  debt  held  outside  the 
boundaries  of  the  states  to  which  territory 
of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  is 
transferred,  or  of  states  arising-  from  the 
dismemberment  of  that  monarchy,  including 
Austria,  shall  deliver  through  the  agency  of 
their  respective  governments  to  the  reparation 
commission  the  bonds  which  they  hold,  and 
in  exchange  therefor  the  reparation  commis- 
Sxm  shall  deliver  to  them  certificates  entitling 
hem  to  their  due  proportionate  share  of  each 
Jvf  ?hP .new  issues  of  bonds  corresponding:  to 
and  issued  iA  ^change  for  their  surrendered 
bSnds  under  the  provisions  of  this  annex 

The  share  of  each  state  or  private  holder 
entitfed  to  a  share  in  any  new  issue ,  of  bonds 
issued  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  oi 
thi*  annex  shall  bear  such  proportion  to 

«-0- 

in  question  of  the  old  issue  o  ,. 
to  the  total  amount  of  the  old.  issue  pre- 
sented to  the  reparation  commission  for  ex- 
change into  new  bonds  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  annex.  Each  such  par- 
ticipating state  or  private  holder  will  also  be 
entitled  to  its  or  his. due  proportionate  share 
of  the  new  bonds  issued  under  the  terms 
of  the  treaty  with  Hungary  in  exchange  lor 
that  portion  of  the  former  Austrian  /oyern- 
raent  debt  for  which  Hungary  accepted  liabil- 
ity under  the  agreement  of  1907. 

The  reparation  commission  shall,  if  it  think 
fit.  arrange  with  the  holders  of  the  new 
bonds  provided  for  by  this  annex  a  consoli- 
dation loan  of  each  debtor  state,  the  bonds 
of  which  loan  shall  be  substituted  for  the 
various  different  issues  of  new  bonds  on  such 
terms  as  may  be  'agreed  upon  by  the  com- 
mission and  the  bondholders. 

The  state  assuming  liability  lor  any  Dona 
of  the  former  Austrian  government  shall  as- 
sume any  liability  attaching  to  the  bond  in 
respect  of  unpaid  coupons  or  sinking  fund 
installments  accrued  since  the  date  of  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 
Article  204. 

1.  In  case  the  new  boundaries  of  any  states, 
as    laid    down    by    the    present    treaty,    shall 
divide    any    local    area    which    was    a    single 
unit    for   borrowing   purposes   and   which   had 
a   legally    constituted    public  debt,    such   debt 
shall    be    divided    between    the   view    divisions 
of  the  area  in  a  proportion  to  be  determined 
by    the    reparation    commission    in    accordance 
with    the    principles    laid   down   for   the    reap- 
pcrtionment    of    government   debts   under   arti- 
cle   203.    and    the    responsibility    so    assumed 
shall  be  discharged  in   such   a   manner  as  the 
reparation     commission     shall    determine. 

2.  The   public   debt    of   Bosnia     and    Herze- 
govina shall  be  regarded  as  the  debt  of  a  lo- 
cal area  and  not  as  part  of  the  public  debt  of 
the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy. 

Article  205. 

Within  two  months  of  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  treaty,  each  one  of  the 
states  to  which  territory  of  the  former  Aus- 
tro-Hungarian monarchy  is  transferred  and 
each  one  of  the  states  arising  from  the  dis- 
memberment of  that  monarchy,  including 
Austria,  .shall,  if  it  has  not  already  done  so. 
stamp  with  the  stamp  of  its  own  government 
the  securities  of  various  kinds  which  are 
separately  provided  for.  representing  the 
bonded  war  debt  of  the  former  Austrian  gov- 
ernment  as  legally .  constituted  prior  to  Oct. 
27,  1918,  and  existing  in  their  respective  ter- 
ritories. 

The  securities  thus  stamped  shall  be  with- 
drawn and  replaced  by  certificates,  their  dis- 
tinguishing numbers  shall  be  recorded  and 
any  securities  withdrawn,  together  with  the 
documents  recording  the  transaction,  shall  be 
sent  to  the  reparation  commission. 

The  stamping  and  replacement  of  a  security 
by  a  certificate  under  the  provisions  of  this 
article  shall  not  imply  that  the  state  so 
stamping  and  replacing  a  security  thereby  as- 


sumes or  recognizes  any  obligation  in  respect 
of  it.  unless  the  state  in  question  desires 
that  the  stamping  and  replacement  should 
have  this  implication. 

The  aforementioned  states,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Austria,  shall  be  free  from  any  obli- 
•ation  in  respect  of  the  war  debt  of  the 
ormer  Austrian  government,  wherever  that 
lebt  may  be  held,  but  neither  the  govern- 
ments of  those  states  nor  their  nationals  shall 
have  recourse  under  any  circumstances  what- 
ever against  any  other  states,  including  Aus- 
tria, in  respect  of  the  war  debt  bonds  oi 
which  they  or  their  nationals  are  the  bene- 
ficial owners. 

The  war  debt  of  the  former  Austrian  gov- 
ernment, which  was  prior  to  the  signature 
of  the  present  treaty  in  the  beneficial  own- 
ership of  nationals  or  governments  or  states 
other  than  those  to  which  territory  of  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  is  as- 
signed shall  be  a  charge  upon  the  government 
of  Austria  only,  and  no  one  of  the  other 
states  aforementioned  shall  toe  held  respon- 
sible for  any  part  thereof. 

The  provisions  of  this  article  shall  not  ap- 
ply to  the  securities  of  the  former  Austrian 
government  deposited  by  that  government  with 
the  Austro-Hungarian  bank  as  security  for 
the  currency  notes  of  the  said  bank. 

The  existing  Austrian  government  shall  be 
solely  responsible  for  all  the  liabilities  of  -the 
former  Austrian  government  incurred  during: 
the  war,  other  than  those  evidenced  by  the 
bonds,  bills,  securities  and  currency  notes 
which  are  specifically  provided  for  under  the 
terms  of  the  present  treaty. 
Article  206. 

1.  Within  two   months    of   the  coming1  into 
force   of   the  present  treaty,   each   one  of  the 
states  to  which  territory  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian   monarchy  is  transferred,   and  each 
one  of  the  states  arising  from  the  dismember- 
ment of  that  monarchy,  including  Austria  and 
the  present  Hungary,    shall,   if  it  has   not   al- 
ready done   so.    stamp   with   the  stamp   of   its 
own    government    the   currency    notes    of    the 
Austro-Hungarian   bank   existing   in   its   terri- 

2.  'Within  twelve  months  of  the  coming  into 
force   of   the   present   treaty,   each   one    of   the 
states  to  which  territory  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy  is  transferred,    and  each 
one  of  the  states  arising  from  the  dismember- 
ment of  that  monarchy,  including  Austria  and 
the  present  Hungary,   shall  replace,   as  it  may 
think  fit,  the  stamped  notes  referred  to  above 
by  its  own  or  a  new  currency. 

3.  The  governments  of  such   states  as  have 
already    converted    the    currency    notes    of    the 
Austro-Hungarian    bank    by    stamping    or    by 
the  issue  of  their  own  or  a  new  currency,  and 
in  carrying  out  this  operation  have  withdrawn, 
without  stamping  them,  a  portion  or  all  of  the 
currency    notes    circulating   in    their    territory, 
shall  either  stamp  the  notes  so  withdrawn   or 
hold   them   at   the  disposal   of   the  reparation 
commission. 

4.  Within    fourteen    months    of    the    coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty  those  govern- 
ments which  have  replaced  notes  of  the  bank 
by    their  own   or  new   currency  in   accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  this  article,  shall  trans- 
fer to  the  reparation  commission  all  the  notes, 
stamped    or    unstamped,    of    the    bank    which 
have    been    withdrawn   in    the   course    of    this 
replacement. 

5.  All    notes    transferred    to    the    reparation 
commission    under    the    provisions    of    this    ar- 
ticle  shall  be  dealt   with  by   that  commission 
in   accordance  with  the  provisions   of   the   an- 
nex hereto. 

6.  The     Austro-Hungarian     bank     shall     be 
liquidated  as  from  the  day  succeeding  the  day 
of    the   signature    of    this  treaty. 

7.  The  liquidation  shall  be  conducted  by  re- 
ceivers specially  appointed  for  that  purpose  by 
the  reparation  commission.     In  conducting  the 
liquidation  of  the  bank  the  receivers  shall  fol- 
low  the  rules  laid  down  in   the   statutes  or 


650 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


other  valid  instruments  regulating  the  con- 
stitution of  the  bank,  subject,  however,  to  the 
special  provisions  of  this  article.  In  .the  case 
of  any  doubt  arising-  as  to  the  interpretation 
of  the  rules  concerning1  the  liquidation  of  the 
bank,  whether  laid  down  in  these  articles  and 
annexes,  or  in  the  statutes  qf  the  bank,  the 
decision  of  the  reparation  commission  or  any 
arbitrator  appointed  by  it  for  that  purpose 
shall  be  final. 

8.  The  currency  notes  issued  by   the   bank 
subsequent    to    Oct.    27.    1918.    shall    have    a 
claim  on  the  securities  issued  by  the  Austrian 
and  Hungarian  governments,  both  former  and 
existing1,  and  deposited  with  the  bank  by  those 
governments*  as   security   for  these  notes,    but 
they  shall  not  have  a  claim  on  any  other  as- 
sets of  the  bank. 

9.  Tho   currency   notes  issued  by   the  bank 
on   or  T)rior  to   Oct.    27.    1918    (in   so   far  as 
they  are  entitled  to  rank  at  all  in  conformity 
with  these  articles),  shall  all  rank  equally  as 
claims    against    all    the    assets  sof    the    bank 
other  than   the   Austrian   and   Hungarian  gov- 
ernment   securities    deposited    as    security    for 
the   various  note  issues. 

10.  The  securities  deposited  by  the  Austrian 
and  Hungarian  governments,  both  former  and 
existing,    with    the   bank   as    security   for   the 
currency  notes  issued  on  or  prior  to  Oct.  27. 
1918.  shall  be  canceled  in  so  far  as  they  rep- 
resent the  notes  converted  in  the  territory  qf 
the  former  Austro-Hungarian   monarchy  as  It 
existed  on  July  28.   1914.  by  states  to  which 
territory   of   that    monarchy   is   transferred  or 
by  states  arising  from   the  dismemberment  of 
that     monarchy,    including    Austria     and    the 
present   Hungary. 

11.  The  remainder   of   the   securities  depos- 
ited by   the   Austrian    and   Hungarian   govern- 
ments,   both    former    and    existing,    with    the 
bank  as  security  for  the  currency  notes  issued 
on  or  prior  to  Oct.  27,  1918,  shall  be  retained 
in  force  as  security  for.  and  in  so  far  as  they 
represent,    the    notes    issued    on    or    prior    to 
Oct.  27.   1918.  which  on  June  15.  1919.  were 
outside  the  limits  of   the  former  Austro-Hun- 
srarian    monarchy    as    it    existed    on    July    28. 
1914:  that  is  to  say.  firstly,  all  notes  of  this 
description  which  are  presented  to  the  repara- 
tion commission  in  .accordance  with  paragraph 
4  of  this  article,  and,  secondly,  all  notes  of  this 
description  which  may  be  held  elsewhere  and 
are  presented  to  the  receivers  of  the  bank  in 
accordance  with  the  annex  hereto. 

12.  No  claims  on  account  of  any  other  cur- 
rency   notes    issued    on    or    prior    to    Oct.    27. 
1918,    shall    rank    either    against    the    general 
assets    of    the  bank    or   against    the   securities 
deposited  by  the  Austrian  and  Hungarian  gov- 
ernments, both  former  and  existing,   as  secur- 
ity for  the  notes,  and  any  balance  of  soich  se- 
curities remaining  after  the  amount  of  securi- 
ties mentioned   in  paragraphs   10   and   11    has 
been    calculated    and    deducted    shall    be    can- 

°eie3.'  All  securities  deposited  by  the  Austrian 
and  Hungarian  governments,  both  former  and 
existing,  with  the  bank  as  security  for  cur- 
rency note  issues  and  which  are  maintained 
in  force  shall  be  the  obligations  respectively  of 
the'  governments  of  Austria  and  the  present 
Hungary  only  and  not  of  any  other  states. 

14.  The  holders  of  currency  notes  of  the 
Austro-Hunfe-arian  bank  shall  have  no  recourse 
against  the  governments  of  Austria  or  the 
present  Hungary  or  any  other  government  in 
respect  of  any  loss  which  they  may  suffer  as 
the  result  of  the  liquidation  of  the  bank. 
Annex. 

1.  The  respective  governments,  when  trans- 
mitting to   the  reparation    commission    all  the 
currency  notes   of  the  Austrq-Hungarian  bank 
withdrawn    by    them   from    circulation    in   ac- 
cordance with  terms  of  article  206.   shall  also 
deliver  to  the  commission  all  the  records  show- 
ing the  nature  and  amounts  of  the  conversions 
•which  they  have  effected. 

2.  The  reparation  commission,  after  examin- 
ing the  records,  shall  deliver  to  the  said  gov- 


ernments separate  certificates  stating-  the  total 
amount  of  currency  notes  which  the  govern- 
ments have  converted: 

(a)  within  the  limits  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy  as  they  existed  on  July 

(b)  elsewhere. 

These  certificates  will  entitle  the  bearer  to 
lodge  a  claim  with  the  receivers  of  the  bank 
for  currency  notes  thus  converted  which  are 
entitled  to  share  in  the  assets  of  the  bank. 

3.  After  the  liquidation  of  the  bank  is  com- 
pleted 'he  reparation  commission  shall  destroy 
the  notes  thus  withdrawn. 

4.  No  notes    issued  on   or  prior  to  Oct.  27. 
1918.   wherever  they  may  be  held,   will  rank 
as   claims    against   the   bank    unless    they    are 
presented    through      the      government   of    the 
country  in  which  they   are  held. 

Article  207. 

Each  one  of  the  states  to  which  territory  of 
the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  is 
transferred,  and  each  one  of  the  states  arising 
from  the  dismemberment  of  that  monarchy,  in- 
cluding Austria,  shall  deal  as  it  thinks  fit 
with  the  petty  or  token  coinage  of  the  former 
Aubtro-Huugarian  monarchy  existing  in  its 
territory. 

No  such  state  shall  have  any  recourse  un- 
der any  circumstances,  on  behalf  either  of 
itself  or  of  its  nationals,  against  any  other 
state  with  regard  to  such  petty  or  token  coin- 
age. 

Article  208. 

States  to  which  territory  of  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  is  transferred  and 
states  arising  from  the  dismemberment  of 
that  monarchy  shall  acquire  all  property  and 
possessions  situated  within  their  territories 
belonging  to  the  former  or  existing-  Austrian 
government. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  article,  the  prop- 
erty and  possessions  of  the  former  or  existing 
Austrian  government  shall  be  deemed  to  in- 
clude the  property  of  the  former  Austrian 
empire  and  the  interests  of  that  empire  in 
the  joint  property  of  the  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy,  as  well  as  all  the  property  of  the 
crown,  and  the  private  property  of  mem- 
bers of  the  former  royal  family  of  Austria- 

These  states  shall,  however,  have  no  claim 
to  any  property  of  the  former  or  existing 
gqvernment  of  Austria  situated  outside  their 
own  respective  territories. 

The  value  of  such  property  and  possessions 
acquired  by  states  other  than  Austria  shall 
be  fixed  by  the  reparation  commission  and 
placed  by  that  commission  to  the  credit  of 
Austria  and  to  the  debit  of  the  state  acquir- 
ing such  property  on  account  of  the  sums 
due  for  reparation.  The  reparatiqn  commis- 
sion  shall  deduct  from  the  value  of  the  pub- 
lic property  thus  acquired  an  amount  pro- 
portionate to  the  contribution  in  money,  land 
or  material  made  directly  by  any  province 
or  commune  or  other  autonomous  local  au- 
thority toward  the  cost  of  such  property. 

Without  prejudice  to  article  203  relating 
to  secured  debt,  in  the  case  of  each  state 
acquiring  property  under  the  provisions  of 
this  article,  the  amount  placed  to  the  credit 
of  Austria  and  to  the  debit  of  the  said  state 
in  accordance  with  the  preceding  .paragraph 
shall  be  reduced  by  the  value  of  the  amount 
of  the  liability  in  respect  of  the  unsecured 
debt  of  the  former  Austrian  government  as- 
sumed by  that  state  under  the  provisions  of 
article  203  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
reparation  commission,  represents  expenditure 
upon  the  property  so  acquired.  The  value 
shall  be  fixed  by  the  reparation  commission 
on  such  basis  as  'the  commission  may  con- 
sider equitable. 

Property  of  the  former  and  existing  Aus- 
trian governments  shall  be  deemed  to  in- 
clude a  share  of  the  real  .property  in  Bosnia- 
Herzegovina  of  all  descriptions,  for  which,  un- 
der article  5  of  the  convention  of  Feb.  26, 
1909.  the  g-overnment  of  the  former  Austro- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


061 


Hungarian  monarchy  paid  £T2,500,000  to 
the  OUoman  government.  Such  share  shall 
be  proportionate  to  the  share  which  the  for- 
mer Austrian  empire  contributed  to  the  above 
irTvment  and  the  value  of  this  share,  as 
assVssed  by  the  reparation  commission,  shall 
be  credited  to  Austria  on  account  of  repara- 

11  As  exception  to  the  above  there  shall  be 
transferred  without  payment: 

(1)  The   property    and   possessions   of  prov- 
inces    communes   and   other  local   autonomous 
institutions    of    the    former    Austro:Hunganan 
monarchy,    including    those   in    Bosnia-Herzego- 
vina   which     did     not     belong    to    the   former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy: 

(2)  Schools    and    hospitals    the   property    of 


kiF?1??her°fanV0lbundin&  or  other  property  situ- 
ated  in  the  respective  territories  transferred  to 
the  states  referred  to  in  the  first  paragraph 
whos<>  principal  value  lies  in  its  historic  in- 
terest and  associations,  and  which  formerly 
belonged  to  the  kingdom  of  Bohemia,  the  king- 
dom of  Poland,  the  kingdom  of  Croatia- 
Slavonia-Dalmatia.  Bosnia-Herzegovina,  the  re- 
public of  Ragusa,  the  Venetian  republic  or  the 
episcopal  principalities  of  Trient  and  Bressa- 
none  may.  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  repa- 
ration commission,  be  transferred  to  the  gov- 
ernment entitled  thereto  without  payment. 

Article  209. 

Austria  renounces,  so  far  as  she  is  concerned, 
all  rights  accorded  to  her  or  her  nationals  by- 
treaties  conventions  or  agreements,  of  what- 
soever kind,  to  representation  upon,  or  partici- 
pation in.  the  control  or  administration  01 
commissions,  state  banks,  agencies  or  other 
financial  or  economic  organizations  of  an  inter- 
national character  exercising-  powers  of  con- 
trol or  administration  and  operating-  in  any  of 
the  allied  or  associated  states,  or  in  Germany, 
Hungary.  Bulgaria  or  Turkey,  or  in  the  de- 
pendencies' of  these  states  or  in  the  former 
Russian  empire. 

Article  210. 

1.  The    Austrian    government    agrees    to    de- 
liver within   one  month  f-om  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty  to  such  authority 
as   the  principal   allied   and    associated   powers 
may  designate  the  sum  in  gold  deposited  in  the 
Austro-Hungarian    bank    in    the    name    of    the 
council  of  the  administration   of  the   Ottoman 
public  debt   as   security  for  the  first  issue  of 
Turkish   government   currency  notes. 

2.  Without  prejudice   to   article  244  of  part 
X.  of  the  present  treaty.  Austria  renounces  so 
far  as  she  is  concerned  any  benefit  disclosed  by 
the  treaties  of  Bukharest  and  Brest -Litovsk  and 
by  the  treating  supplementary  thereto. 

Austria  undertakes  to  transfer  either  to  Rou- 
mania  or  to  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
powers,  as  the  cas3  may  be.  all  monetary  in- 
struments, specie,  securities  and  negotiable 
instruments  or  goods  which  she  has  received 
under  the  aloresaid  treaties. 

3.  The    sums    of    money    and    all   securities, 
instruments  and  goods,    of  whatsoever  native. 
to  be  delivered,   paid  or  transferred  under  «he 
provisions  of  this  article,  shall  be  disposed  of 
by   the  principal   allied   and  associated  powers 
in    a    manner   hereafter   to    be   determined   by 
those  powers. 

4.  Austria    recognizes    any   transfer   of    gold 
provided  for  by  article  259    (5)    of  the  treaty 
of   peace  concluded   at  Versailles  on  June   28. 
1919.   between  the    allied  and  associated  powers 
and  Germany,  and  any  transfer  of  claims  pro- 
vided for  by  article  261   of  that  treaty. 

Article  211. 

Without  prejudice  to  the  renunciation  of  any 
rights  by  Austria  on  behalf  of  herself  or  of 
her  nationals  in  the  other  provisions  of  the 
p^s^nt  treaty,  the  reparation  commission  may. 
within  one  year  from  'the  cominer  into  force 
of  the  present  treaty,  demand  that  Austria 
become  possessed  of  any  rights  and  interests 


of  her  nationals  in  any  public  utility,  under- 
taking or  in  any  concession  operating  in  Rus- 
sia. Turkey,  Germany.  Hungary  or  Bulgaria, 
or  in  the  possessions  or  dependencies  of  these 
states  or  in  any  territory  formerly  belonging-  to 
Austria  or  her  allies  to  be  transferred  by  Aus- 
tria or  her  allies  to  any  state,  or  to  be  admin- 
istered by  a  mandatory  under  any  treaty  en- 
tered into  with  the  allied  and  associated  pow- 
ers, and  may  require  that  the  Austrian  gov- 
ernment transfer,  within  six  months  of  the 
date  of  demand,  to  the  reparation  commission 
all  such  rights  and  interests  and  any  similar 
rights  and  interests  owned  by  the  former  or 
existing  Austrian  government. 

Austria  shall  be  responsible  for  indemnify- 
ing her  nationals  so  dispossessed,  and  the  rep- 
aration commission  shall  credit  Austria  on 
account  of  sums  due  for  reparation  with  such 
sums  in  respect  of  the  value  of  the  trans- 
ferred rights  and  interests  as  may  be  assessed 
by  the  reparation  commission,  and  the  Aus- 
trian government  shall,  within  six  months 
from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty,  communicate  to  the  reparation  com- 
mission all  such  rights  and  interests,  whether 
already  granted,  contingent  or  not  yet  exer- 
cised, and  s.hall  renounce  on  behalf  of  itself 
and  its  nationals  in  favor  of  the  allied  and 
associated  powers  all  such  rights  and  interests 
which  have  not  been  so  communicated. 
Article  212. 

The  Austrian  government  undertakes  to  re- 
frain from  preventing  or  impeding  such  ac- 
quisition by  the  German.  Hungarian.  Bulga- 
rian or  Turkish  governments  of  any  rights 
and  interests  of  German.  Hungarian.  Bulgarian 
or  Turkish  nationals  in  public  utility  under- 
takings or  concessions  operating  in  Austria  as 
may  be  required  by  the  reparation  commission 
under  the  terms  of  the  treaties  of  peace  or 
supplementary  treaties  or  conventions  con- 
cluded between  'the  allied  and  associated  pow- 
ers and  the  German.  Hungarian,  Bulgarian  or 
Turkish  governments  respectively. 
Article  21S. 

Austria  undertakes  to  transfer  to  the  allied 
and  associated  powers  all  claims  in  favor  of 
the  former  or  existing  Austrian  government* 
to  payment  or  reparation  by  the  governments 
of  Germany.  Hungary.  Bulgaria  or  Turkey, 
and  in  particular  all  claims  which  may  arise 
now  or  hereafter  in  the  fulfillment  of  under- 
takings made  after  July  28.  1914.  until  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 

The  value  of  such  claims  shall  be  assessed 
by  the  reparation  commission  and  shall  be 
transferred  to  the  reparation  commission  for 
the  credit  of  Austria  on  account  of  the  sums 
due  for  reparation. 

Article  214. 

Any  monetary  obligation  arising  out  of  the 
present  treaty  and  expressed  in  terms  of  gold 
kronen  shrill,  unless  some  other  arrangement 
is  specifically  provided  for  in  any  particular 
case  under  the  terms  of  this  treaty  or  con- 
ventions supplementary  thereto,  be  payable 
at  the  option  of  the  creditors  in  pounds  ster- 
ling payable  in  London,  gold  dollars  of  the 
United  States  of  America  payable  in  New 
York,  gold  francs  payable  in  Paris,  or  gold 
lire  payable  in  Rome. 

For   the    purposes    of    this    article,    the    gold 
coins  mentioned  above  shall  be  defined  as  be- 
ing  of    the    weight    and    fineness   of    gold      aa 
enacted  by  law  on  Jan.  1.  1914. 
Article  215. 

Any  financial  adjustments,  such  as  those 
relating  to  any  banking  and  insurance  com- 
panies, savings  banks,  postal  savings  banks, 
land  banks,  mortgage  companies  or  other  sim- 
ilar institutions,  operating  within  the  ter- 
ritory of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  mon- 
archy, necessitated  by  the  partition  of  that 
monarchy  and  the  resettlement  of  public  debts 
?nd  currencv  provided  for  by  these  articles, 
shall  be  reeml-^d  by  agreement  between  the 
various  governments  concerned  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  shall  best  secure  equitable  treatment 


652 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


to  all  the  parties  interested.  In  case  the  gov- 
ernments concerned  are  unable  to  come  to 
an  agreement  on  any  question  arising-  out 
of  this  financial  adjustment,  or  in  case  any 
government  is  of  opinion  that  its  nationals 
have  not  received  equitable  treatment.  the 
reparation  commission  shall,  on  the  appli- 
cation of  any  one  of  the  governments  con- 
cerned appoint  an  arbitrator  or  arbitrators, 
whose  decision  shall  be  final. 

Article  216. 

The   government   of  Austria  shall  be  under 

no    liability    in    respect    of    civil    or    military 

pensions   granted   to   nationals   of   the   former 

Austrian    empire    who    have    been    recognized 

as   nationals    of    other   states   or   who  become 

BO  under  the  provisions  of  the  present  treaty. 

PART  X.— ECONOMIC  CLAUSES. 

Section  I. — Commercial  Relations. 

Chapter   I. — Customs   Regulations,   Duties   and 

Restrictions. 

Article  217. 

Austria  undertakes  that  goods  the  produce 
or  manufacture  of  any  one  of  the  allied  or 
associated  states  imported  into  Austrian  ter- 
ritory from  whatsoever  place  arriving1,  ehall 
not  be  subjected  to  other  or  higher  duties-  or 
charges  (including-  internal  charges)  than 
those  to  which  the  like  goods  the  produce  or 
manufacture  of  any  other  such  state  or  01 
any  other  foreign  country  are  subject. 

Austria  will  not  maintain  or  impose  any 
prohibition  or  restriction  on  the  importation 
into  Austrian  territory  of  any  goods  the 
produce  or  manufacture  of  the  territories  oi 
any  one  of  the  allied  or  associated  states, 
from  whatsoever  place  arriving-,  which  shall 
not  equally  extend  to  the  importation  of  tha 
like  goods  the  produce  or  manufacture  of  any 
other  such  state  or  of  any  foreign  country. 

Article  218. 

Austria  further  undertakes  that.  .  in  the 
matter  of  the  regime  applicable  on  importa- 
tion, no  discrimination  against  the  commerce 
of  any  of  the  allied  and  associated  states 
as  compared  with  any  other  of  the  said  states 
or  any  other  foreign  country  shall  be  made, 
even  by  indirect  means,  such  as  customs  regu- 
lations or  procedure,  methods  of  verification 
or  analysis,  conditions  of  payment  of  duties, 
tariff  classification  or  interpretation,  or  the 
operation  of  monopolies. 

Article  819. 

,  In  all  that  concerns  exportation  Austria  un- 
dertakes that  goods,  natural  products  or  man- 
ufactured article®,  exported  from  Austrian  ter- 
ritory to  the  territories  of  any  one  of  the  al- 
lied 01*  associated  states  shall  not  be  sub- 
jected to  other  or  higher  duties  or  charges 
(including1  internal  charges)  than  those  paid 
on  the  like  poods  exported  to  any  other  such 
state  or  to  any  other  foreign  country. 

Austria  will  not  maintain  or  impose  any  pro- 
hibition or  restriction  on  the  exportation  of 
any  goods  sent  from  her  territory  to  sny  one 
of  the  allied  or  associated  states  which  ehall 
not  equally  extend  to  the  exportation  of  the 
like  goods,  natural  products  or  manufactured 
articles,  sent  to  any  other  such  state  or  to 
any  other  foreign  country. 

Article  220. 

Every  favor,  immunity  or  privilege  in  re- 
Rrard  to  the  importation,  exportation  or  tr^n- 
sit  of  goods  granted  by  Austria  to  any  allied 
or  associated  states  or  to  any  other  foreign 
country  whatever  shall  simultaneously  and  un- 
conditionally, without  request  and  without 
compensation,  be  extended  to  all  the  allied 
and  associated  states. 

Article  221. 

By  war  of  exception  to  the  provisions  of 
article  2 88  of  part  XII.  (Ports.  Waterways  and 
Railways),  products  in  transit  by  the  ports 
which  before  the  war  wer«  situated  in  terri- 
tory of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy 
ehall.  for  a  period  of  three  years  from  the 
ccming-  into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  en- 


joy on  importation  into  Austria  reductions  of 
duty  corresponding  with  and  in  proportion  to 
those  applied  to  such  products  under  the 
Austro-Hungarian  customs  tariff  of  Feb.  13. 
1906.  when  imported  by  such  ports. 

Article  222. 

Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  articles 
217  to  220.  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
agree  that  they  will  not  invoke  these  provi- 
sjons  to  secure  the  advantage  of  any  arrange- 
ments which  may  be  made  by  the  Austrian 


government  with  the  governments  of  Hungary 
or  of  the  Czecho-Slovak  state  for  the  accord 
of  a  special  customs  regime  to  certain  natural 


or  manufactured  products  which  both  origi- 
nate in  and  come  from  those  countries  and 
which  shall  be  specified  in  the  arrangements, 
provided  that  the  duration  of  these  arrange- 
ments does  not  exceed  a  period  of  five  years 
from  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 

treaty-  Article  22S. 

During  the  first  six  months  after  the  com- 
ing into  force  of  the  present  treaty  the  du- 
ties imposed  by  Austria  on  imports  from  al- 
lied and  associated  states  ehall  not  be  higher 
than  the  most  favorable  duties  which  were 
applied  to  imports  into  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy  on  July  28.  1914. 

During  a  further  period  of  thirty  months 
after  the  expiration  of  the  first  six  months 
this  provision  shall  continue  to  be  applied 
exclusively  with  regard  to  the  importation  of 
fruits  (fresh  and  dried),  fresh  vegetables, 
olive  oil.  eggs,  pigs  and  pork  products,  and 
live  poultry,  in  so  far  as  such  products  en- 
joyed at  the  above  mentioned  date  (July  28. 
1914).  rates  conventionalized  by  treaties  with 
the  allied  or  associated  powers. 
Article  224. 

(1.)  The  Czecho-Slovak  state  and  Poland  un- 
dertake that  for  a  period  of  fifteen  years 
from  the  coming1  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  they  will  not  impose  on  the  exporta- 
tion to  Austria  of  the  products  of  coal  mines 
in  their  territories  any  export  duties  or  other 
charges  or  restrictions  on  exportation  different 
from  or  more  onerous  than  those  imposed  on 
such  exportation  to  any  other  country. 

(2)  Special    agreements    shall    be    made    be- 
tween Poland  and  the  Czecho-Slovak  state  and 
Austria  as  to  the  supply  of  coal  and  of  raw 
materials   reciprocally. 

(3)  Pending   the  conclusion   of  such   agree- 
ments, but  in  no  case  during  more  than  three 
years   from    the    coming     into,    force     of     the 
present    treaty,   the  Czechoslovak    state    and 
Poland    undertake     that     no    export    duty   or 
other     restrictions     of     any     kind     shill     be 
imposed    on    the    export  to  Austria    of    coal 
or     lignite     up     to      a     reasonable     quantity 
to    be    fixed,    failing    arrreement    between    the 
states  concerned,  by  the  reparation  commission. 
In    fixing    this    quantity    tho    reparation    com- 
mission   shall    take    into    account    all    the    cir- 
cumstances,   including   the  quantities  both    of 
coal  and  of  lignite  supplied  before  the  war  to 
present   Austrian   territory    from   upper   Silesia 
and  from  the  territory  of  the  former  Austrian 
empire  transferred  to  the  Czecho-Slovak   state 
and    Poland    in    accordance    with    the    present 
treaty,    and    the    quantities   now    available    for 
export    from    those    countries.      Austria    shall 
in  return   furnish   to   the   Czecho-Slovak    state 
and  Poland  supplies  of  the  raw  materials  re- 
ferred to  in  paragraph   (2)  in  accordance  with 
the  decisions  of  the  reparation  commission. 

(4)  The     Czecho-Slovak     state     and    Poland 
further   undertake   during  the   same   period   to 
take  euch  steps  as  may  be  necessary  to  insure 
that  any  such  products  shall  be  available  for 
Bale  to  purchasers  in  Austria  on  terms  as  fa- 
vorable as  are  applicable  to  like  products  sold 
under  similar  conditions  to  purchasers  in  the 
Czecho-Slovak  state  or  Poland  respectively  or 
in  any  other  country. 

(5)  In  case  of  disagreement  in  the  execution 
•    interpretation    of    any   of    the   above   pro- 
visions   tho    reparation    commission    shall    de- 
cide. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


653 


Article  230. 

Austria    undertakes    to    recognize    any    new 
oorv«  t«  TA^nc-    i  nationality    which    has    been    or    may    be    ao- 

The  high  contracting  pariH  3  agree  to  -     quired    t>v    her    nationals    under    the    laws    of 

ize  the  flag  flown,  by  the  vessels^  of  any^  con-  |  ggS^Slied   and    associated 


Chapter  II.— Shipping. 
Article  225. 


nize 


powers,    and  in   ac- 


iMinu    WM.W    .»•.          *.«-.. — .  — .,  A      _  \* •    -u     n-Mrk  I   liic     ciiiit?vi     cHJRl     a.&»u<jia/tc;u     puweie.     ttixu.    AII     en;- 

tracting  party  having  no  seacoast  which  are  cordance  witn  the  decisions  of  the  compe- 
registered  at  some  one  specified  place  situated  tent  authorities  of  these  powers  pursuant  to 
in  its  territory;  such  place  shall  serve  as  the  naturalization  laws  or  under  treaty  stipula- 
port  of  registry  of  such  vessels. 

Chapter  III.— Unfair  Competition. 

Article  226. 

Austria  undertakes;  to  adopt  all  the  neces- 
sary legislative  and  administrative  measures 
to  protect  goods  the  produce  or  manufacture 
of  any  one  of  the  allied  and  associated  pow- 
ers from  all  forms  of  unfair  competition  in 

|J??2'103'  Ji  ;LS!L  i^Jtiir*  n^on  themselves  or    ity  with   the  usual  rules  and  customs. 


to  regard  such  persona  as  having, 
in  consequence  of  the  acquisition  of  such 
new  nationality,  in  all  respects  severed  their 
allegiance  to  their  country  of  origin. 

Article  231. 

The  allied  and  associated  powers  may  ap- 
point consuls-general,  consuls,  vice-consuls 
and  consular  agents  in  Austrian  towns  and 
ports.  Austria  undertakes  to  approve  the  des- 
ignation of  the  consuls-general,  consuls,  vice- 


their   usual   get-up    or   wrappings 
names,     devices     or     descriptions 
which  are  calculated  to  conv 
directly  a  false  ^di-tmn.of 


any    marks, 

whTch'  areTafculated  to^wnVey'dire^tl.y1  ™™ 
directly  a  false  indication  of  the  origin,  type, 
nature  or  special  characteristics  of  such  goods. 

Article  227. 

Austria  undertakes.,  on   condition   that   reel 
is    accorded    in   these    matters,    to   re- 
ly   law.    or    any    administrative   or   ju- 
_3cision  'given  in  conformity   with  such 

and  duly  communicated  to  her  by  the  proper- 
authorities,    d 
to     any     regional     appei 


ww        •  -To  "™/4ii/oH  7r«  th«  stat.p  tr>  which  I  or   associated    power   snail    not,    aiier    tne 
S^^S^JS™1^?  &"5J5!&£  S5££    Piration  of  three  years  from  the  coming  i 


Chapter  V.— General  Articles. 
Article  232. 

The  obligations  Imposed  on  Austria  by 
chapter  I.  above  shall  cease  to  have  effect 
five  years  from  the  date  of  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty,  unless  otherwise 
provided  in  the  text,  or  unless  the  council  of 
the  league  of  nations  shall,  at  least  twelve 
months  before  the  expiration  of  that  period, 
decide  that  these  obligations  shall  be  main- 
tained for  a  further  period  with  or  without 
amendment. 

Nevertheless,    it    is    agreed    that    unless    the 
league  of  nations  decides  otherwise  an   allied 
ssociated    power   shall    not    after    the    ex- 


the "  region   bel6ngs    or    the^  c<  er  ,  -force  oj  the^resent  treaty  be  entitled  to  re- 


|g>« 


fumilment  b 


.ustria  of   the   pro- 

.— „, ~ ^  ~^..   ~^8.    219   or  220   un- 

artTcTe^bearing  1 1tossAu^r\apower  accords  ^^^tive  treatment 

regional  appellations  inconsistent  with  such  Article  228  of  chapter  IV.  shall  remain  in 
law  or  order  shall  be  prohibited, by  ™e J^'  operation,  with  or  without  amendment,  after 
trian  government  and  repressed  by  the  meas-  tne  period  of  five  years  for  such  furtner  pe. 
urea  prescribed  in  the  preceding  article.  nod.  if  any.  not  exceeding  five  years,  as  may 

Chapter  IX.— Treatment  of  Nationals  of  Allied    ^  determined   by    a    majority   of   the   council 
and  Associated  Powers.  *  ^".JJ1  ^33 


Article  228. 

Austria   undertakes: 

(a)  not  to  subject  the  nationals  of  the 
allied  and  associated  powers  to  any  prohibi- 
tion in  regard  to  the  exercise  of  occupations 
professions,  trade  and  industry,  which  .shall 
not  be  equally  applicable  to  all  aliens  without 

eX(b?  nofc  to  subject  the  nationals  of  the 
allied  and  associated  powers  in  regard  to 
the  risrhts  referred  to  in  paragraph  (a)  to 


If   the   Austrian  government   engages  in  in- 
ternational trade,  it  shall  not  in  respect  there- 
of   have    or    be    deemed    to    have    any   rights, 
privileges  or  immunities  of  sovereignty. 
Section  II.— Treaties. 
Article  234. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  and  subject  to  the  provisions  thereof 
the  multilateral  treaties,  conventions  and 
agreements  of  an  economic  or  technical  char- 


any  feguiation^rTestfictfon  which  might  "con- 1  acter    concluded    by    the    former    Austro-Hun- 
travene  directly   or  indirectly   the   stipulations  I  ganan    monarchy    and    enumerated /below   and 
said 


of  the  said  paragraph,  or  which  shall  be 
other  or  more  disadvantageous  than  those 
which  are  applicable  to  nationals  of  the  most 
favored  nation; 

(c>     not    to    subject    the    nationals    of    the 

allied    -ind    associated    powers,    . 

rights  or  interests,  including  companies  and 
associations  in  which  they  are  interested,  to 
any  charge,  tax  or  impost,  direct  or  indirect, 
other  or  higher  than  those  which  are  or  may 
be  imposed  on  her  own  nationals  or  their 
property,  rights  or  interests: 

(d)     not    to    subject    the    nationals    of    any 
one    of    the    allied    and    associated    powers    to 


any   restriction   which   was    not    applicable   on 
July   1.    1914.   to  the  nationals  of    such  pow- 
ers   unless    such    restriction    is    likewise    im- 
posed  on   her  own  nationals. 
Article  229. 


in  the  subsequent  articles  shall  alone  be  ap- 
plied as  between  Austria  and  those  of  the 
allied  and  associated  powers  party  thereto: 

(1)  Conventions    of    March    14.    1884;    Dec. 
1.   1886.    and  March   23,   1887.   and   final  pro- 

nronprtv   I  tocol    of  July    7.    1887,    regarding   the   protec- 
tion    of    submarine    cables 

(2)  Convention  of  Oct.  11.    1909.   regarding 
the  international   circulation   of   motor  cars. 

(3)  Agreement   of  May  15.    1886.   regarding 
the   sealing  of   railway  trucks   subject  to  cus- 
toms   inspection,     and     protocol    of    May    18. 

(4)'  Agreement  of  M*ay  15.  1886.  regarding 
the  technical  standardization  of  railways. 

(5)  Convention  of  July  5.  1890.  regarding 
the.  publication  of  customs  tariffs  and  the 


organization  of  an  international  union  for  the 
publication    of    customs   tariffs. 

(6)    Convention    of    April    25.    1907     regard- 

The  nationals   of    the   allied   and   associated    in?  tne.jaisinf  of  the  Turkish  customs  tariff 


powers  shall  enjoy  in  Austrian  territory  a  con- 
stant protection  for  their  persons  and  for 
their  nroperty.  rights  and  interests  and  shall 
have  free  access  to  the  courts  of  law. 


(7)  Convention  of  March  14.  1857.  for  the 
redemption  of  toll  dues  on  the  sound  and 
belts. 

f8)  Convention  of  June  22.  1861,  for  the 
redemption  of  the  state  toll  on  the  Elbe. 


654 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


(9)  Convention    of    July    16.    1863.    for   the 
redemption  of  the  toll  dues  on  the  Scheldt. 

(10)  Convention  of  Oct.  29.  1888.  regarding1 
the    establishment    of    a    definite    arrangement 
guaranteeing  the  free  use  of  the  Suez  canal. 

(11)  Conventions    of     Sept.     23.     1910.     re- 
specting- the  unification  of  certain  regulations 
regarding  collisions  and  salvage  at  sea. 

(12)  Convention  of  Dec.  21.  1904.  regarding1 
the    exemption    of    hospital    ships    from   dues 
and  charges  in  ports. 

(13)  Convention  of  Sept.  26.   1906.   for  the 
suppression  of  night  wo£k  for  women. 

(14)  Conventions  of  May  18.  1904,  and  May 
4.     1910.    regarding    the    suppression    of     the 
white  slave   traffic. 

(15)  Convention  of  May  4,  1910.  regarding 
the  suppression  of  obscene  publications. 

(16)  Sanitary  convention    of    Dec.    3.    1903. 
and  the  preceding  conventions  signed  on  Jan. 


30.   1892.  April  15.  d.893.  April  3,   1894,  and 
March   19.   1897. 

(17)    Convention   of  May   20.    1875.   regard- 


ing1  the   unification    and   improvement    of    the 
metric  system. 

(18)  Convention  of   Nov.    29,    1906.   regard- 
ing the  unification  of  pharmacopreial  formulae 
for  potent  drugs. 

(19)  Convention  of  Nov.  16   and  19.   1885. 
regarding  the  establishment  of  a  concert  pitch. 

(20)  Convention  of  June  7.  1905.  regarding 
the   creation    of    an    international    agricultural 
institute  at  Rome. 

(21)  Conventions  of  Nov.  3.  1881.  and  April 
15.    1889.    regarding    precautionary    measures 
against  phylloxera. 

(22)  Convention  of  March  19,  1902.  regard- 
ing the  protection  of  birds  useful  to   agricul- 

(23)  Convention  of  June  12.  1902.  regarding 
the  guardianship  of  minors. 

Article  255. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  the  high  contracting  parties  shall  apply 
the  conventions  and  agreements  hereinafter 
mentioned,  in  so  far  as  concerns  them.  Austria 
undertaking  to  comply  with  the  special  stipu- 
lations contained  in  this  article. 

Postal   conventions: 

Conventions  and  agreements  of  the  universal 
postal  union  concluded  at  Vienna  July  4, 


1891. 

Conventions    and    agreements    of    the. 
union  signed  at  Washington  June  15.   1J 


3tal 


Conventions  and  agreements  of  the  postal 
union  signed  at  Rome.  May  26.  1906. 

Telegraphic  conventions : 

International  telegraphic  conventions  signed 
at  St.  Petersburg,  July  10-22.  1875. 

Retaliations  and  tariffs  drawn  up  by  the  in- 
ternational telegraphic  conference.  Lisbon, 
June  11.  1908. 

Austria  undertakes  not  to  refuse  her  assent 
to  the  conclusion  by  the  new  states  of  the 
special  arrangements  referred  to ,  in  the  con- 
ventions and  agreements  relating  to  the  uni- 
versal postal  union  and  to  the  international 
telegraphic  union,  to  which  the  said  new 
states  have  adhered  or  may  adhere. 

Article  2S6. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  the  high  contracting  parties  shall  ap- 
ply, in  so  far  as  concerns  them,  the  interna- 
tional radio-telegraphic  convention  of  July  6. 
1912,  Austria  undertaking  to  comply  with  the 
provisional  regulations  which  will  be  indicated 
to  her  b.y  the  allied  and  associated  powers. 

If  within  five  years  after  the  coming  into 
Iprce  of  the  present  treaty  a  new  conven- 
tion regulating  international  radio-telegraphic 
communications  should  have  been  concluded 
to  take  the  place  of  the  convention  of  July 
6.  1912.  this  new  convention  shall  bind  Aus- 
tria, even  if  Austria  should  refuse  either  to 
take  part  in  drawing  up  the  convention  or  to 
subscribe  thereto. 

Thia  new  convention  will  likewise  replace 
the  provisional  regulations  ia  force. 


Article  237. 

The  international  convention  of  Paris  of 
March  20.  1883.  for  the  protection  of  indus- 
trial property,  revised  at  Washington  on  June 
2,  1911.  and  the  agreement  of  April  14,  1891. 
concerning  the  international  registration  of 
trade-marks  shall  be  applied  as  from  the 
coming-  into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  in 
so  far  as  they  are  not  affected  or  modified  by 
the  exceptions  and  restrictions  resulting  there- 
from. 

Article  288. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  the  high  contracting  parties  shall  ap- 
ply, in  so  far  as  concerns  them,  the  conven- 
tion of  The  Hague  of  July  17.  1905.  relating 
to.  civil  procedure.  This  provision,  however, 
will  not  ao>ply  to  France.  Portugal  and  Rou- 
mania. 

Article  2S9. 

Austria  undertakes,  within  twelve  months  of 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  to 
adhere  in  the  prescribed  form  to  the  interna- 
tional convention  of  Bern  of  Sept.  9,  1886, 
for  the  protection  of  literary  and  artistic 
works,  revised  at  Berlin  in  1908.  and  the  act 
and  protocol  of  March  20.  1914.  relating  to 
the  protection  of  literary  and  artistic  works. 

Until  her  adherence,  Austria  undertakes  to 
recognize  and  protect  by  effective  measures  and 
in  accordance  with  the  principles  of  the  aaid 
convention  the  literary  and  artistic  works  of 
nationals  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers. 

In  addition  and  irrespective  of  the  above 
mentioned  adherence,  Austria  undertakes  to 
continue  to  assure  such  recognition  and  such 
protection  to  all  literary  and  artistic  works 
of  the  nationals  of  each  of  the  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers  to  an  extent  at  least  as  great 
as  upon  July  28.  1914.  and  upon,  the  same 
conditions. 

Article  240. 

Austria  undertakes  to  adhere  to  the  fol- 
lowing conventions: 

(1)  Convention  of    Sept.   26.    1906.    for  the 
suppression  of  the  use  of  white  phosphorus  in 
the  manufacture  of  matches. 

(2)  Convention  of  Dec.  31.  1913,   reg-ardiner 
the  unification  of   commercial  statistics. 

Article  241. 

Each  of  the  allied  or  associated  powers,  be- 
ins:  guided  by  the  general  principles  or  spe- 
cial provisions  of  the  present  treaty,  shall 
notify  to  Austria  the  bilateral  agreements  of 
all  kinds  which  were  in  force  between  her 
and  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy, 
and  which  she  wishes  should  be  tn  force  as 
between  her  and  Austria. 

The  notification  referred  to  in  the  present 
article  shall  be  made  either  directly  or  through 
the  intermediary  of  another  power.  Receipt 
thereof,  shall  be  acknowledged  in  writing;  by 
Austria.  The  date  of  the  coming  into  force 
shall  be  that  of  the  notification. 

The  allied  and  associated  powers  undertake 
among  themselves  not  to  apply  as  between 
themselves  and  Austria  any  agreements  which 
are  not  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the 
present  treaty. 

The  notification  shall  mention  any  provisions 
of  the  said  agreements  which,  not  being  in 
accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  present 
treaty,  shall  not  be  considered  as  coming  into 
force. 

In  case  of  any  difference  of  opinion,  tHe 
league  of  nations  will  be  called  on  to  decide. 

A  penod  of  six  months  from  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty  is  allowed  to 
the  allied  and  associated  powers  within  which 
to  make  the  notification. 

Only  those  bilateral  agreements  which  have 
been  the  subject  of  such  a  notification  shall 
be  put  in  force  between  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers  and  Austria. 

The  above  rules  apply  to  all  bilateral  agree- 
ments existing  between  any  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers  signatories  to  the  present  treatr 
and  Austria,  even  if  the  said  allied  and  asso- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


655 


dated   powers   have   not   been    in   a    state   of 
war   with    Austria. 

Article   242. 

Austria  hereby  recognizes  that  all  treaties, 
conventions  or  agreements  concluded  by  her 
or  by  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy 
with  Germany.  Hungary.  Bulgaria  or  Turkey 
since  Aug.  1.  1914,  until  the  coming-  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty  are  of  no  effect. 

Article  243. 

Austria  undertakes  to  secure  to  the  allied 
and  associated  powers  and  to  the  officials  and 
nationals  of  the  said  powers,  the  enjoyment 
of  all  the  rig-fats  and  advantages  of  any  kind 
which  she  or  the  former  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy  may  have  granted  to  Germany.  Hun- 
gary. Bulgaria  or  Turkey  or  to  the  officials 
and  nationals  of  these  states  by  treaties,  con- 
ventions or  arrangements  concluded  before 
Aug.  1.  1914,  so  long  as  those  treaties,  con- 
ventions or  arrangements  are  in  force. 

The     allied    and    associated    powers    reserve 
the  right   to  accept-  or  not  the  enjoyment  of 
these   rights   and   advantages. 
Article  244. 

Austria  recognizes  that  all  treaties,  conven- 
tions or  arrangements  which  she  or  the  for- 
mer Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  concluded 
with  Russia  or  with  any  state  or  govern- 
ment of  which  the  territory  previously 
formed  a  part  of  Russia  or  with  Roumania 
before  July  28.  1914,  or  after  that  date  until 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty 
are  of  no  effect. 

Article  245. 

'Should  an  allied  or  associated  power,  Rus- 
sia, or  a  state  or  government  of  which  the 
territory  formerly  constituted  a  part  of  Rus- 
eia,  have  been  forced  since  July  28.  1914,  by 
reason  of  military  occupation  or  by  any 
other  means  or  for  any  other  cause,  to  grant 
or  to  allow  to  be  granted  by  the  act  of  any 
public  authority,  concessions,  privileges  and 
favors  of  any  kind  to  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy,  or  to  Austria  or  to 
an  Austrian  national,  such  •concessions,  priv- 
ileges and  favors  are  ipso  facto  annulled  by 
the  present  treaty. 

No  claims  or  indemnities  which  may  re- 
sult from  this  annulment  shall  be  charged 
against  the  allied  or  associated  powers  or  the 
powers,  states,  governments  or  public  author- 
ities which  are  released  from  their  engage- 
ments by  the  present  article. 

Article   246. 

From  the  coming-  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  Austria  undertakes,  so  far  as  she  is 
concerned,  to  give  the  allied  and  associated 

?owers  and  their  nationals  the  benefit  ipso 
acto  of  the  rights  and  advantages  of  any 
kind  which  she  or  the  former  Austro-Hung-a- 
nan  monarchy  has  granted,  by  treaties,  con- 
ventions, or  arrangements  to  nonbelligerent 
states  or  their  nationals  since  July  28.  1914. 
until  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty,  so  long  as  those  treaties,  conventions 
or  arrangements  are  in  force  for  Austria. 

Article  247. 

Those  of  the  high  contracting  parties  who 
have  not  yet  signed,  or  who  have  signed  but 
not  yet  ratified,  the  opium  convention  signed 
at.  The  Hague  on  Jan.  23.  1912.  agree  to 
bring  the  said  convention  into  force,  and  for 
this  purpose  to  enact  the  necessary  legisla- 
tion without  delay  and  in  any  case  within 
a  period  of  twelve  months  from  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 

t>£U^thermf0r+-  they  Free  that  ratification  of 
the  present  treaty  should  in  the  case  of 
powers  which  have  not  yet  ratified  the  opium 
?ent  ?n  «,no  bVlPT-ed  in  al]  Aspects  equiva- 
tn  thP  *  ratification  of  that  convention  and 
w  J  nn!  ^  tU*rerr£f  I4je  spe™l  protocol  which 
the  SSSSSSA  ^  ^f"6  in  accordance  with 
he  resolutions  adopted  by  the  third  opium 

ven&TntS1  fo'rce4  f°r  bpilMrtn|r  the  8aid  c°n' 
For    this    purpose    the    government    of    the 


French  republic  will  communicate  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  Netherlands  a  certified  copy 
of  the  protocol  of  the  deposit  of  ratifications 
of  the  present  treaty,  and  will  invite  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  Netherlands  to  accept  and 
deposit  the  said  certified  copy  as  if  it  were 
a  deposit  of  ratifications  of  the  opium  con- 
vention and  a  signature  of  the  additional 
protocol  of  1914. 

Section  HI.— Debts. 

Article  248. 

There  shall  be  settled  through  the  interven- 
tion of  clearing  offices  to  be  established  by 
each  of  the  high  contracting  parties  within 
three  months  of  the  notification  referred  ito  in 
paragraph  (e)  hereafter  the  following1  classes 
of  pecuniary  obligations: 

(1)  Debts   payable  before   the  war  and  due 
by  a  national  of  one  of  the  Contracting  pow- 
ers,    residing    within    its    territory,     to    a    na- 
tional of    an   opposing   power,   residing  within 
its  territory: 

(2)  Debts  which  became  payable  during  the 
war  to  nationals  of  one  contracting  power  re- 
siding  within   its    territory   and    arose    out    of 
transactions    or    contracts    with    the    national* 
of    an    opposing   power,    resident      within      its 
territory,  of  which  the  total  or  partial  execu- 
tion  was   suspended   on   account    of   the  exist- 
ence of  a  state  of  war: 

(3)  Interest  which   has  accrued  due  before 
and  during  the  war  to   a  national   of   one   of 
the    contracting    powers   in   respect    of    securi- 
ties   issued    or    taken    over   by      an      opposing 
power,    provided    that    the   ipayment    of    inter- 
est on  such  securities  to  the  nationals  of  that 
power  or  to  neutrals  has  not  been  suspended 
during  the  war; 

(4)  Capital   sums  which   have   become  pay- 
able before   and  during  the  war  to  nationals 
of    one    of    the    contracting  powers   in   respect 
of    securities    issued   by    one    of    the   opposing 
powers,    provided    that    the    payment   of    such 
capital  sums  to  nationals  of  that  power  or  to 
neutrals   has   not   been   suspended   during-   the 
war. 

In  the  case  of  interest  or  capital  sums  pay- 
able in  respect  of  securities  issued  or  taken 
over  by  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  govern- 
ment the  amount  to  be  credited  and  paid  by 
Austria  will  be  the  interest  or  capital  in  re- 
spect only  of  the  deh't  for  which  Austria  is 
liable  in  accordance  with  the  financial  clauses 
of  the  present  treaty,  and  the  principles  laid 
down  by  the  reparation  commission. 

The  inroceeds  of  liquidation  of  enemy  prop- 
erty, rights  and  interests  mentioned  in  sec- 
tion IV.  and  in  the  annex  thereto  will  be 
accounted  for  through  the  clearing  offices, 
in  the  currency  and  at  the  rate  of  exchange 
hereinafter  provided  in  paragraph  (d).  and 
disposed  of  by  them  under  the  conditions  pro- 
vided by  the  said  section  and  annex. 

The  settlements  provided  for  in  this  article 
shall  be  effected  according*  to  the  following 
principles  and  in  accordance  with  the  annex 
to  this  section: 

(a)  Each  of  the  high  contracting-  parties 
shall  prohibit,  as  from  the  coming  into  force 
or  the  present  treaty,  both  the  payment  and 
the  acceptance  of  payment  of  such  debts,  and 
also  all  communications  between  the  inter- 
ested parties  with  regard  to  the  settlement  of 
the  said  debts  otherwise  than  through  the 
clearing-  offices. 

.  (b)  Each  of  the  high  contracting  parties 
shall  be  respectively  responsible  for  the  pay- 
ment of  such  debts  due  by  its  nationals,  ex- 
cept in  the  cases  where  before  the  war  the 
debtor  was  in  a  state  of  bankruptcy  or  failure, 
or  had  given  formal  indication  of  insolvency, 
or  where  the  debt  was  due  by  a  company 
whose  business  has  been  liquidated  under 
emergency  legislation  during  the  war. 

(c)  The  sums  due  to  the  nationals  of  one 
of  the  high  contracting  parties  by  the,  na- 
tionals of  an  opposing-  state  will  be  debited  f,o 
the  clearing  office  of  the  country  of  th«  d^M- 
or.  and  paid  to  the  creditor  by  the  clearing 
office  of  the  country  of  the  creditor 


656 


ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


(d)  Debts  shall  be  paid  or  credited  in  the 
L-urrency  of  such  one  of  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers,  their  colonies  or  protectorates, 
or  the  British  dominions  or  India,  as  may  be 
concerned.  If  the  debts  are  payable  in  some 
other  currency  they  shall  be  paid  or  credited 
in  the  currency  of  the  country  concerned, 
whether  an  allied  or  associated  power,  colony, 
protectorate.  British  dominion  or  India,  at  the 
prewar  rate  of  exchange. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  provision  the  pre- 
war rate  of  exchange  shall  be  defined  as  the 
average  cable  transfer  rate  prevailing  in  the 
allied  or  associated  country  concerned  during 
the  month  immediately  preceding  the  outbreak 
of  war  between  the  said  country  concerned  and 
Austria-Hungary. 

If  a  contract  provides  for  a  fixed  rate  of  ex- 
change governing  the  conversion  of  the  cur- 
rency in  which  the  debt  is  stated  into  the  cur- 
rency of  the  allied  or  associated  country  con- 
cerned, then  the  above  provisions  concerning 
the  rate  of  exchange  shall  not  apply. 

In  the  case  of  the  new  states  of  Poland  and 
the  Czecho-Slovak  state  the  currency  in  which 
and  the  rate  of  exchange  at  which  debts  shall 
be  paid  or  credited  shall  be  determined  by  the 
reparation  commission  provided  for  in  part 
VIII..  unless  they  shall  have  been  previously 
settled  by  agreement  between  the  states  in- 

(e)  The  provisions  of  this  article  and  of  the 
annex  hereto  shall  not  apply  as  between  Aus- 
tria  on  the  one  hand  and  any  one  of  the  al- 
lied  and   associated   powers,    their  colonies  or 
protectorates,    or   any    one   of    the   British  do- 
minions  or   India,    on   the   other  hand,   unless 
within    a   period   of    one   month    from   the  de- 
posit  of  the  ratification  of  the  present  treaty 
by  the  power  in  question,  or  of  the  ratification 
on  behalf  of  such  dominion  or  of  India,  no- 
tice to  that  effect  is  given  to  Austria  by  the 
government  of  such  allied  or  associated  power 
or  of  such  dominion  or  of  India  as  the  case 
may  be. 

(f)  The  allied  and  associated' powers  which 
have  adopted  this  article  and  the  annex  here 
to  may  agree     between     themselves  to  apply 
them   to   their  respective  nationals  established 
in    their   territory    so    far   as    regards   matters 
between  their  nationals  and  Austrian  nationals. 
In    this   case   the   payments   made  by   applica- 
tion  of  this  provision  will  be   subject  to  ar- 
rangements between  the  allied  and  associated 
clearing-  offices  concerned. 

Annex. 

1.  Each  of  the  high  contracting  parties  will, 
within  three  months  from  the  notification  pro- 
vided for  in  article  248.  paragraph  (e).  estab- 
lish   a    clearing    office    for   the   collection   anc 
payment   of  enemy  debts. 

Local  clearing  offices  may  be  established  for 
any  particular  portion  of  the  territories  of  the 
high  contracting  parties.  Such  local  clearing- 
offices  may  perform  all  the  functions  of  a. 
central  clearing  office  in  their  respective  dis- 
tricts, except  that  all  transactions  with  the 
clearing  office  in  the  opposing  state  must  be 
effected  through  the  central  clearing  office. 

2.  In    this    annex    the   pecuniary    obligations 
referred    to    in    the   first    paragraph   of   article 
248   are  described   as   "enemy  debts."  the  per 
sons  from  whom  the  same  are  due  as     enemy 
debtors."   the  persons  to   whom   they  are  due 
as    "enemy    creditors."    the    clearing    office    in 
the  country    of   the      creditor     is     called   the 
"creditor  clearing  office,"  and  the  clearing  of 
flee  in  the  country  of  the  debtor  is  called  the 


"debtor  clearing  office." 

3.  The  high  contracting  parties  will  subjec 
contraventions    of    paragraph     (a)     of    articl< 
248    to   the   same   penalties   as   are   at  presen 
provided  by  their  legislation   for  trading  with 
the   .enemy.       They      will      similarly    prohibit 
within    their   territory    all   legal   process    relat 
ing  to  payment  of  enemy  debts,  except  in  ac 
cordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  annex. 

4.  The    government     guaranty     specified     in 
paragraph    (b)    of  article  248  shall  take  effect 
whenever,  lor  any  reason,  a  debt  shall  not  be 


ecoverable.    except    in    a    case    where   at    the 

ate    of    the    outbreak    of    war   the    debt    was 

arred  by  the  laws  of  prescription  in  force  in 

he  country  of  the  debtor,  or  where  the  debtor 

was  at  that  time  in  a  state  of  bankrupcy  or 

"ailure   or  had  given  formal  indication  of  in- 

olvency.    or    where    the    debt    was    due    by    a 

company    whose   business    has   been    liquidated 

under  emergency  legislation  during  the  war.  In 

uch  case  the  procedure  specified  by  this  annex 

ihaJl  apply  to  payment  of  the  dividends. 

The  terms  "bankruptcy"  and  "failure"  re- 
'er  to  the  application  of  legislation  providing 
'or  such  Juridical  conditions.  The  expression 
•formal  indication  of  insolvency"  bears  the 
same  meaning  as  it  has  in  English  law. 

5.  Creditors  shall  give  notice  to  the  creditor 
clearing  office  within  six  months  of  its  estab- 
lishment of  debts  due  to  them,  a.nd  shall  fur- 
nish the  clearing  office  with  any  documents 
and  information  required  of  them. 

The  high  contracting  parties  will  take  all 
suitable  measures  to  trace  and  punish  collu- 
sion between  enemy  creditors  and  debtors.  The 
clearing  offices  will  communicate  to  one  an- 
other any  evidence  and  information  which 
might  help  the  discovery  and  punishment  oi 
euch  collusion. 

The  high  contracting  parties  will  facilitate 
as  much  as  possible  postal  and  telegraphic 
communication  at  the  expense  of  the  parties 
concerned  and  through  the  intervention  of  the 
clearing  offices  between  debtors  and  creditors 
desirous  of  coming  to  an  agreement  as  to 
the  amount  of  their  debt. 

The  creditor  clearing-  office  will  notify  the 
debtor  clearing  office  of  all  debts  declared  to 
it.  The  debtor  clearing  office  will,  in  due 
course,  inform  the  creditor  clearing  office 
which  debts  are  admitted  and  which  debts  are 
contested.  In  the  latter  case  the  debtor  clear- 
ing office  will  give  the  grounds  for  the  non- 
admission  of  debt. 

6.  When  a  debt  has  been  admitted,  in  whole 
or  in  part,   the  debtor  clearing  office  will  at 
once    credit    the    creditor   clearing    office    with 
the   amount  admitted,    and  at  the  same  time 
notify  it  of  such  credit. 

7.  The  debt  shall  be  deemed  to  be  admitted 
in  full  and  shall  be  credited  forthwith  to  the 
creditor  clearing   office    unless      within      three 
months  from  the  receipt  of  the  notification  or 
such  longer  time  as  may  be  agreed  to  by  the 

"itor  clearing  office  notice  has  been  given 
__  the  debtor  clearing  office  that  it  is  not 
admitted. 

8.  When    the   whole    or   part   of   a   debt   is 
not  admitted  the  two  clearing  offices  will  ex- 
amine   into    the    matter    jointly    and 


._  _.„      __    ...     __    will    en- 
deavor to  bring  the  parties  to  an   agreement. 
9.  The    creditor    clearing    office    will    pay    to 
the   individual    creditor    the    sums   credited    to 


it  out  of  the  funds  placed  at  its  disposal  by 
the  government  of  its  country  and  in  accord- 
ance with  the  conditions  fixed  by  the  said 
government,  retaining  any  sums  considered 
necessary  to  cover  risks,  expenses  or  commis- 

10.'  Any  person  having  claimed  payment  of 
an  enemy  debt  which  is  not  admitted  in 
whole  or  in  part  shall  pay  to  the  clearing 
office,  by  way  of  fine,  interest  at  5  per  cent 
on  the  part  not  admitted.  Any  person  having 
unduly  refused  to  admit  the  whole  or  part 
of  a  debt  claimed  from  him  shall  pay.  by 
way  of  fine  interest  at  5  per  cent  on  the 
amount  with  regard  to  which  his  refusal 
shall  be  disallowed. 

Such  interest  shall  run  from  the  date  of 
expiration  of  the  period  provided  for  in  para- 
graph 7  until  the  date  on  which  the  claim 
shall  have  been  disallowed  or  the  debt  paid. 

Each  clearing  office  shall  in  so  far  as  it  is 
concerned  take  steps  to  collect  the  finea 
above  provided  for.  and  will  be  responsible  if 
such  fines  cannot  be  collected. 

The  fines  will  be  credited  to  the  other  clear- 
ing office,  which  shall  retain  them  as  a  con- 
tribution toward  the  cost  of  carrying  out 
the  present  provisions. 

11.  The  balance  between  the  clearing-  offices 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


667 


shall  be  struck  monthly  and  the  credit  balance 
paid   in    cash    by    the   debtor    state    within    a 

Nevertheless,  any  credit  balances  which  may 
be  due  by  one  or  more  of  the  allied  and  as 
sociated  powers  shall  be  retained  until  com 
plete  payment  shall  have  been  effected  of  the 
sums  due  to  the  allied  or  associated  powers 
or  their  nationals  on  account  of  the  war. 

12.  To    facilitate      discussion      between    the 
clearirg1    offices    each    of    them    shall    have    a 
representative   at   the   place   where   the   other 
Is   established. 

13.  Except  for  special  reasons  all  discussions 
in   reg-ard    to   claims   will,   so    far   as   possible. 
take   place   .at  the  debtor  clearing-  office. 

14.  In    conformity    with    article    248,    para- 
graph   (b).    the  hig-h    contracting-  parties    are 
responsible    for    the    payment    of    the    enemy 
debts  owing-  by  their  nationals. 

The  debtor  clearing-  office  will  therefore 
credit  the  creditor  clearing  office  with  all 
debts  admitted,  even  in  case  of  inability  to 
collect  them  from  the  individual  debtor.  The 
governments  concerned  will,  nevertheless,  in- 
vest their  respective  clearing1  offices  with  all 
necessary  powers  for  the  recovery  of  debts 
•which  have  been  admitted. 

15.  Each    government    will    defray,    the    ex- 
penses of  the  clearing-  office  set  UP  in  its  ter- 
ritory.  including-   the   salaries   of   the  staff. 

16.  Where  the  two   clearing-  offices  are  un- 
able to  a^ree  whether  a  debt  claimed  is  due, 
or  in  case  of   a  difference  between   an  enemy 
debtor  and  an  enemy  creditor  or  between  the 
clearing    offices,    the    dispute    shall    either    be 
ref  errea  to  arbitration  if  the  parties  so  agree 
under  conditions    fixed  by   agreement  between 
them,  or  referred  to  the  mixed  arbitral  tribu- 
nal provided  for  in  section  VI.  hereafter. 

At  the  request  of  the  creditor  cleariner  office 
the  dispute  may.  however,  be  submitted  to 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  courts  of  the  place  of 
domicile  of  the  debtor.  .  , 

17.  Recovery   of   sums  found  by   the  mixed 
arbitral  tribunal,   the  court  or  the  arbitration 
tribunal   to  be  due   shall  be  effected  through 
the.  clearing1  offices  as  if  these  sums  were  debts 
admitted  by  the  debtor  clearing  office. 

18.  Each  of  the  g-overnments  concerned  snail 
appoint  an  agent  who  will  be  responsible  for 
the  preservation  of  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal 
of  the  cases  conducted  on  behalf,  of  its  clear- 
ing1 office.     This  ag-ent  will  exercise  a  general 
control  over  the  representatives  or  counsel  em- 
ployed by  its  nationals. 

Decisions  will  be  arrived  at  on  documentary 
evidence,  but  it  will  be  open  to  the  tribunal 
to  hear  the  parties  in  person,  or  according-  to 
their  preference  by  their  representatives  ap- 
proved by  the  two  g-overnments.  or  by  the 
a?ent  referred  to  above,  who  shall  be  com- 
petent to  intervene  along-  with  the  party  or  to 
reopen  and  maintain  a  claim  abandoned  by 

19.  The   clearing-  offices   concerned   will   lay 
before  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal  all  the  in- 
formation and  documents  in  their  possession, 
so  as  to  enable  the  tribunal  to  decide  rapidly 
on  thecases  which  are  brousrht  before  it. 

20.  Where  one  of  the  parties  concerned  ap- 
peals   ag-a.inst    the    joint    decision    of    the    two 

glaring-  offices  he  shall  make  a  deposit  ag-ainst 
e  costs,  which  deposit  shall  only  be  refunded 
when  the  first  judgment  is  modified  in  favor 
of  the  appellant  and  in  proportion  to  the  suc- 
cess he  may  attain,  his  opponent  in  case  of 
such  a  refund  being1  reauired  to  pay  an  equiv- 
alent proportion  of  the  costs  and  expenses.  Se- 
curity accepted  by  the  tribunal  may  be  substi- 
tuted for  a  deposit. 

A  fee  of  5  per  cent  of  the  amount  in 
8na.ll  be  charged  in  resnect  of  all  cases 
This  fee  shall,  u 


before  the  tribunal.  , 

tribunal  directs  otherwise,  be  borne  by  t 
unsuccessful  party.  Such  fee,  shall  he  add^d 
to  the  dpposit  referred  to.  It  is  also  inde- 
pendent of  the  security. 

The  tribunal  may  award  to  one  of  the  parties 
in  respect  of  the  expenses!  of  the  pro- 


mixf 
of   tl 


Interest    shall    not    be   payable    on    sums    of 
money   due   by   way    of  dividend,    interest   or 


"         •»«•'•*.'*  wo  *i          \JMJ.         C3J?itt*l, 

.^o    rate    of    interest    shall    be    5    per    cent 
per  annum   except  in  cases  where,  by  contract 
law  or  custom  the  creditor  is  entitled  to  pay- 
ment of  interest  at  a  different  rate.      In  such 
Se^ail  6   t0   Which   he  ia   ^titled   shall 

Interest  shall  run  from  the  date  of  com- 
mencement of  hostilitiea  (or,  if  the  sum  of 
money  to  be  recovered  fell  due  durimr  the 
war  from  the  date  at  which  it  fell  duel  un® 
of  /he6  credito'r.  ^^^  to  th«  clearing-  office 

Suras  due  by 'way  of  interest  shall  be  treated 
as  debts  admitted  by  the  clearing-  office  ami 
shall  be  credited  to  the  creditor  clearing 
office  m  the  same  way  as  such  debts. 

23.  Where  by  decision  of  the  clearing-  offices 
or  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal  a  claim  is  held 
not  to  fah  within  article  248  the  creditor 
*ore  thl  courts61"1?  tO  prosecute  the  clai™  **" 

The  presentation  of  a  claim  to  the  clearing 
of    any    period 


"3'  £ne  ^^.contracting-  parties  agree  to  re- 
rard  the  decisions  of  the  mixed  arbitral 
tribunal  as  final  and  conclusive,  and  to  render 
them  binding-  upon  their  nationals. 

25.  In  any  case  where  a  creditor  clearing1 
office  declines  to  notify  a  claim  to  the  debtor 
clearing-  office,  or  to  take  any  step  provided  for 
in  this  annex  intended  to  make  effective  in 
whole  or  in  part  a  request  of  which  it  has 
received  due  notice,  the  enemy  creditor  shall 
be  entitled  to  receive  from  the  clearing-  office 
a  certificate  setting-  out  the  amount  of  the 
cjaim  and  shall  then  be  entitled  to  prosecute 
the  claim  before  the  courts  or  to  take  such 
other  proceedings  as  may  be  open  to  him. 
Section  IV.— Property,  Rights  and  Interests. 

Article  24  9. 

.  The  question  of  private  property,  rights  and 
interests  in  an  enemy  country  shall  be  settled 
according-  to  the  principles  laid  down  in  this 
section  and  to  the  provisions  of  the  annex 
hereto : 

(a)  The  exceptional  war  measures  and  meas- 
ures  of   transfer    (defined   in    paragraph   3    of 
the  annex  hereto)  taken  in  the  territory  of  the 
former    Austrian    empire    with    respect   to   the 
property,  rights   and  interests  of    nationals  of 
allied    or    associated    powers,    including-    com- 
panies and  associations  in  which  they  are  in- 
terested,   when  liquidation  has  not  b°en  com- 
pleted,   shnll   be    immediately    discontinued    or 
stayed   and  the  property,   rights   and  interests 
concerned  restored  to  their  owners. 

(b)  Subject   to    any  contrary      stipulations 
which    may   be    provided    for   in    the   present 
ir.?aty.    the    allied    and    associated    powers   re- 
serve   the    right    to    retain    and    liquidate    all 
aroperty,  rights  and  interests  which  belong-  at 
;he    dnte    of    the    coming1    into    force    of    the 

present  treaty  to  nationals  of  the  former  Au»- 
;rian  empire,  or  companies  controlled  bv  them, 
and  are  within  the  territories,  colonies.  ppB* 
sessiors  and  protectorates  of  such  powers  (in- 
cluding1 terril  cries  ceded  to  them  by  the  ' 


658 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


ent  treaty)    or  are  under  the  control  of  those 

°rhe  liquidation  shall  be  carried  out  In  ac- 
cordance with  the  laws  of  the  allied  or  as- 
sociated state  concerned  and  the  owner  shall 
not  be  able  to  dispose  of  such  property. 
ri*hts  or  interests  nor  to  subject  them  to  any 
charg-e  without  the  consent  of  that  state. 

Persons  who  within  six  months  of  the  com- 
ing- into  iorce  of  -he  present  treaty  show  that 
they  have  acquired  ipso  facto  in  accordance 
with  its  provisions  the  nationality  of  an  al- 
lied or  associated  power,  including-  those  who 
under  article  72  or  76  obtain  such  nationality 
with  the  congent  of  the  competent  authorities. 
or  who  under  articles  74  or  77  acquire  such 
national^  in  virtue  of  previous  Tights  of 
citizenship  (pertinenza)  will  not  be  consid- 
ered as  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  em- 
pire within  the  meaning-  of  this  paragraph. 

(c)  The  price  or  the  amount  of  compensa^ 
tion  in  respect  of  the  exercise  of  the  right 
referred  to  in  para-graph  (b)  will  be  nxea  in 
with  the  methods  of  sale  or  valua- 


timidopted  by  the  laws  of  the  country  in 
which  the  property  has  been  retained  or 
liquidated.  between  the  amed  ^  associated 
powers  and  their  nationals  on  the  one  hand 
and  nationals  of  the  former  Austnan  empire 
on  the  other  hand,  as  also  between  Austria  on 
the  one  hand  and  the  allied  and  associated 
powers  and  their  nationals  on  the  other  hand. 
all  the  exceptional  war  measures,  or  measures 
of  transfer,  or  acts  done  or  to  be  done  in  ex- 
ecution of  such  measures,  as  defined  in  Para- 
graphs 1  and  3  of  the  annex  hereto  shall  be 
considered  as  final  and  binding  upon,  all  pei> 


sons   except    as   resz 


the    reservations 


down  in  the  present  treaty. 

(e)  The   nationals   of    allied    and    associated 
powers   shall   be    entitled   to    compensation    In 
resoect   of  damage      or     injury  inflicted  unon 
their    property,    rights    or    interests,    including 
any  company  or  association  in  which  they  are 
interested,  in  the  territory  of  the  former  Aus- 
trian empire,  by  the  application  either  of  the 
exceptional  war  measures  or  measures  of  trans- 
fer  mentioned  in   paragraphs   1    and  d   of   tne 
annex  hereto.     The  claims  made  in  this  resnect 
bv    such    nationa-ls   shall   be   investigated,    and 
tb.9    total    of    the    compensation    shall    be    de- 
termined by   the   mixed   arbitral   tribunal   pro- 
vided for  in   section  VI.  or  by  an  arbitrator 
appointf-d   by    that    tribunal.      This    compensa- 
tion  shall  be  borne  by   Austria,   ttnd   may   be 
charged  upon  the  property  of  nationals  of  the 
former    Austrian    empire,    or    companies    con- 
trolled by  them,  as  defined  in  paragraph    (b). 
within  the  territory  or  under  the  control  of  the 
claimant's   state.      This  property   may  be   con- 
stituted as  a  pledge  for  enemy  liabilities  under 
the  conditions  fixed  by  paragraph  .4  of  the  an- 
nex  hereto.     The  payment   of   this   compensar 
tion  may  be  made  by  the.  allied  or  associated 
state  and  the  amount  will  be  debited  to  Aus- 

(f)  Whenever  a  national  of  an  allied  or  as- 
sociated   power   is   entitled   to   property    which 
has  been   subjected   to   a  measure  of   transfer 
in   the   territory   of   the   former  Austrian   em- 
pire and  expresses  a  desire  for  its  restitution, 
his  claim  for  compensation  in  accordance  with 
paragraph    (e)    shall  be  satisfied  by  the  resti- 
tution of  the  said  property  if  it  still  exists  in 
specie. 

In  such  case  Austria  shall  take  all  necessary 
steps  to  restore  the  evicted  owner  to  the  pos- 
session of  his  property,  free  from  all  encum- 
brancea  or  burdens  with  which  it  may  have 
been  charged  after  the  liquidation,  and  to  in- 
demnify all  third  parties  injured  by  the  resti- 
tution. 

If  the  restitution  provided  for  in  thig  para- 
graph cannot  be  effected,  private  agreements 
arranged  by  the  intermediation  of  the  powers 
concerned  or  the  clearing  offices  provided  for 
in  the  annex  to  section  III.  may  be  made. 
~3r  to  secure  that  the  national  of  the 
or  associated  power  may  secure  com- 


pensation for  the  injury  referred  to  in  para- 
graph (e)  by  the  grant  of  advantages  or 
equivalents  which  he  agrees  to  accept  in  place 
of  the  property,  rights  or  interests  of  which 
he  was  deprived. 

Through  restitution  in  accordance  with  this 
article  the  price  or  the  amount  of  com- 
pensation fixed  by  the  application  of  para- 
graph (e)  will  be  reduced  by  the  actual  value 
of  the  property  restored,  account  being  taken 
of  compensation  in  respect  of  loss  of  use  or 
deterioration. 

(g)  The  rights  conferred  by  paragraph  (f) 
are  reserved  to  owners  who  are  nationals  ot 
allied  or  associated  powers  within  whose  ter- 
ritory legislative  measures  prescribing  the  gen- 
eral liquidation  of  enemy  property,  rights  or 
interests  were  not  applied  before  the  signature 
of  the  armistice. 

(h)  Except  in  cases  where,  by  application 
of  paragraph  (f),  restitutions  in  specie  have 
been  made,  the  net  proceeds  of  sales  of  enemy 
property,  rights  or  interests  wherever  situated 
carried  out  either  by  virtue  of  war  legisla- 
tion, or  by  application  of  this  article,  and 
in  general  all  cash  assets  of  enemies,  othef 
than  proceeds  of  sales  of  property  or  cash 
assets  in  allied  or  associated  countries  be- 
longing to  persons  covered  by  the  last  sentence 
of  paragraph  (b)  above,  shall  be  dealt  with 
as  follows: 

(1)  As  regards  powers  adopting  section  III. 
and  the  annex  .thereto,  the  said  proceeds  and 
cssh  assets  shall  be  credited  to  the  power  of 
which  the  owner  is  a  national,  through  the 
clearing  office  established  thereunder:  any  cred- 
it balance  in  favor  of  Austria  resulting  there- 
from shall  be  d°alt  with  as  provided  in  article 
189  of  part  VIH.  (Reparation)  of  the  present 


treaty. 

III.   and   the"  annex   thereto,    the   proceeds    of 


[2)    As  regards  powers  not  adopting  section 


the  property,  rights  and  interests,  and  the  cash 
assets,  of  the  nationals  of  allied  or  associated 
powers  held  by  Austria  shall  be  paid  im- 
mediately to  the  person  entitled  thereto  or  to 
his  government:  the  proceeds  of  the  property, 
rights  and  interests,  and  the  cash  assets,  of 
nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  empire,  or 
companies  controlled  by  them,  as  defined  in 
paragraph  (b).  received  by  an  allied  or  as- 
sociated power  shall  be  subject  to  disposal 
by  such  power  in  accord? nee  with  its  laws 
and  regulations  and  may  be  applied  in  pay- 
ment of  the  claims  and  debts  defined  by  this 
article  or  paragraph  4  of  the  annex  here- 
to. Any  such  property,  rights  and  interests 
or  proceeds  thereof  or  cash  assets  not  used 
f  s  above  provided  may  be  retained  hv  the  said 
allied  or  associated  power,  and  if  retained 
the  cash  value  thereof  shall  be  dealt  with 
^s  provided  in  article  189  of  part  VIH. 
(Reparation)  of  the  present  treaty. 

(i)  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  article  267. 
in  the  case  of  liquidations  effected  in  new 
states,  which  are  signatories  of  the  present 
treaty  as  allied  and  associated  powers,  or  in 
states  which  are  not  entitled  to  share  in  tT\e 
reparation  payments  to  be  made  ftr  Austria, 
the  proceeds  of  lionida.tirins  effected  by  such 
state  shall,  subject  to  the  rights  of  the  repara- 
tion commission  under  the  present  treaty,  par- 


-  _  ._ i_._. —  — .  jection  .  _. 

of  this  part,  or  an  arbitrator  appointed  by  that 
tribunal,  is  satisfied  that  the  conditions  of  the 
sale  or  measures  taken  by  the  government  of 
the  state  in  question  outsido  its  general  legis- 
lation wero  unfairly  prejudicial  to  the  price 
obtained,  they  shall  have  discretion  to  award 
to  the  owner  equitable  compensation  to  be  paid 
by  that  st^te. 

(j)  Austria  undertakes  to  compensate  her 
nationals  in  respect  of  the  sale  or  retention  of 
their  property,  righta  or  interests  in  allied  or 
associatpd  states. 

(k)    The  amount  of  all  taxes  or  imno«t.s  on 

canit^l    levied   or   to  be  levied  by  Austria  on 

!the   property,    rights   and   interests   of   the   na- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


659 


tionalg  of  the  allied  or  associated  powers  from 
Nov  3  1918.  until  three  months  from  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  or. 
in  the  case  of  property,  rights  or  interests 
which  have  been  subjected  to  exceptional 
measures  of  war.  until  restitution  in  accord- 
ance with  the  present  treaty,  shall  be  restored 


to  the  owners. 


Article  250. 


Austria  undertakes,  with  regard  to  the 
property,  rights  and  interests,  including1  com- 
panies and  associations  in  which  they  were  in- 
terested, restored  to  nationals  of  allied  and  as- 
eociated  powers  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  article  249.  paragraph  (a)  or  (f)  : 

(a)  to  restore   and  maintain,    except    as  ex- 
pressly   provided    in    the    present    treaty,    the 
property,  rights  and  interests  of  the  nationals 
of  allied  or  associated  powers  in  the  legal  po- 
sition   obtaining    in    respect    of    the   property, 
nghta   and   interests   of   nationals   of   the   for- 
mer Austrian  empire  under  the  laws  in  force 
before  the  war; 

(b)  not   to   subject   the  property,    rigrhts  or 
interests  of  the  nationals  of  the  allied  or  as- 
sociated powers  to  any  measures  in  derpffatton 
of  property  rigrhts  which  are  not  applied  equal- 
ly to  the  property,  rigrhts  and  interests  of  Aus- 
trian nationals,  and  to  pay  adequate  compensa- 
tion in  the  event  of  the  application  of  these 
measures. 


of  any  act  or  omission  with  regard  to  his 
property,  rights  or  interests  during  the  war 
or  in  preparation  for  the  war.  Similarly  no 
claim  or  action  shall  be  made  or  brought 
against  any  person  in  respect  of  any  act  or 
omission  under  or  in  accordance  with  the  ex- 
ceptional war  measures,  laws  or  regulations 


of  any  a 


war 
llied 


3.  In  article  24 
sion     "exception 


or  associated  power. 


and  this  annex  the  expres- 
war    measures"     includes 


1.  In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
article  249.  paragraph  (d).  the  validity  of 
vesting  orders  and  of  orders  for  the  winding 
tip  of  businesses  or  companies,  and  of  any  oth- 
er orders,  directions,  decisions  or  instructions 
of  any  court  or  any  department  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  any  of  the  high  contracting 
parties  made  or  given,  or  purporting  to  be 
made  or  given,  in  pursuance  of  war  legisla- 
tion with  regard  to  enemy  property,  rights 
and  interests  is  confirmed.  The  interests  of 
all  persons  shall  be  regarded  as  having  been 
effectively  dealt  with  by  any  order,  direc- 
tion, decision  or  instruction  dealing  with  prop- 
erty in  which  they  may  be  interested,  whether 
or  not  such  interests  are  specifically  men- 
tioned in  the  order,  direction,  decision  or  in- 
struction. No  question  shall  be  raised  as 
to  the  regularity  of  a  transfer  of  any  prop- 
erty, rights  or  interests  dealt  with  in  pur- 
aurance  of  any  such  order,  direction,  decision 
or  instruction.  Every  action  taken  with  re- 
gard to  any  property,  business  or  company, 
whether  as  regards  its  investigation,  sequestra- 
tion, compulsory  administration,  use.  requisi- 
tion, supervision  or  winding  up.  the  sale  or 
management  of  property,  rights  or  interests, 
the  collection  or  discharge  of  debts,  the  pay- 
ment of  costs,  charges  or  expenses,  or  any 
other  matter  whatsoever,  in  pursuance  of  or- 
ders, directions,  decisions  or  instructions  of 


measures-  of  all  kinds,   legislative,    administra- 
tive,  judicial  or  others,   that  have  been   taken 
or  will  be  taken  hereafter  with  regard  to  ene- 
my property,  and  which  have  had  or  will  have 
the  effect  of  removing  from  the  proprietors  the 
power    of    disposition     over     their     property, 
though  without  affecting  the  ownership,   such. 
as  measures  of  supervision,   of  compulsory  ad- 
ministration, and  of  sequestration;  or  measures 
which  have  had  or  will  have  as  an  object  the 
eizure  of.  the  use  of  or  the  interference  with 
nemy    assets,    for    whatsoever    motive,    under 
whatsoever  form  or  in  whatsoever  plaoe.     Acts 
n  the  execution  of  these  measures  include  all 
etentions.    instructions,    orders    or   decrees    e* 
overnment    departments    or    courts     applying 
he?e  mea.suires  to  enemy  property,   as  well  as 
cts  performed  by  any  person  connected  with 
he  administration  or  the  supervision  of  enemy 
roperty.   such   a«   the  payment   of   debts,   the 
ollecting  of  credits,  the  payment  of  any  costs, 
harges  or  expenses  or  the  collecting  of  fees. 
Measures   of   transfer   are  those   which   have 
ffected  or  will  affect  the  ownership  of  enemy 
>roperty  by  transferring  it  in  whole  or  in  part 
o  a  person  other  than  the  enemy  owner,   and 
without  his  consent,    such  as   measures  direct- 
ng-  the  sale,  liquidation  or  devolution  of  own- 
ership in  enemy  property,  or  the  canceling  or 
itles  or  securities. 

4.  All  property,  rights  and  interests  of  na- 
ionals  of  the  former  Austrian  empire  within 
ha  territory  of  any  allied  or  associated  power 
ind  the  net  proceeds  of  their  sale,  liquidation 
>r  other  dealing  therewith  may  be  charged 
>y  that  allied  or  associated  power  in  the  first 
place  with  payment  of  amounts  due  in  respect 
of  claims  by  the  nationals  of  that  allaed  or 
associated  power  with  regard  to  their  proper- 
,y.  rights  and  interests,  including  companies 
and  associations  in  which  they  are  interested 
n  territory  of  the  former  Austrian  empire,  or 
debts  owing  to  them  by  Austrian  nationals,  and 
with  payment  of  claims  growing  out  of  acts 
committed  bv  the  former  Austro-Hmngarian 
government  or  by  any  Austrian  authorities 


any  court  or  of 
eminent    of    any 


department   of   the   gpv- 
the      high      contracting 


parties,  made  or  given,  or  purporting  to  be 
made  or  given,  in  pursuance  of  war  legis- 
lation with  regard  to  enemy  property,  rights  or 
interests,  is  confirmed.  Provided  that  the 
provisions  of  this  paragraph  shall  not  be 
held  to  prejudice  the  titles  to  property  here- 
tofore acquired  in  g/ood  faith  and  for  value 
and  in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  the  coun- 


try  in  which  the  property  is   situated  by  na 
als    of    the   allied    and    associated   powers. 


tional 


The  provisions  of  this  paragraph  do  not 
apply  to  such  of  the  above  mentioned  meas- 
ures as  have  been  taken  by  the  former  Aus- 
tro-Hungarian  government  in  invaded  or  oc- 
cupied territory,  nor  to  such  of  the  above 
mentioned  measures  as  have  been  taken  by 
Austria  or  the  Austrian  authorities  since  Nov 
3.  1918.  all  of  which  measures  shall  be  void, 

2.  No  claim  shall  be  msde  or  broughl 
against  any  allied  or  associated  power  or 
against  any  person  acting  on  behalf  of  or  un 
<3er  the  direction  of  any  legal  authority  or 
•flepartment  of  the  government  of  such  a  power 
by  Austria  or  by  any  Austrian  national  or 
"by  or  on  behalf  of  any  national  of  the  formei 
Austrian  empire  wherever  resident  in  respec 


since    July 


.  . 

or  associated  power  ente 


8.    1914.    and    before    that    allied 
red  into  the  war.  The 


amount  of  such  claims  may  be  assessed  by  an 
arbitrator  appointed  by  M,  Gustave  Adqr.  if  he 
s  willing,  or  if  no  such  appointment  is  made 
by  him,  by  an  arbitrator  appointed  by  the 
mixed  arbitral  tribunal  provided  for  in  sec- 
tion VI.  They  may  be  charged  in  the  second 
place  with  payment  of  the  amounts  due  in 
respect  of  claims  by  the  nationals  of  such 
allied  or  associated  power  with  regard  to 
their  property,  rights  and  interests  in  the  ter- 
ritory of  other  enemy  powers,  in  so  far  as 
those  claims  are  otherwise  unsatisfied. 

5.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  article 
249.  where  immediately  before  the  outbreak 
of  war  a  company  incorporated  in  an  allied 
or  associated  state  had  rights  .in  common  with 
a  company  controlled  by  it  and  incor 
in  Austria  to  the  use  of  trade-marks 
countries  or  enjoyed  .the  use  in  common 
with  siich  company  of  unique  means  of  re- 
production of  goods  or  articles  for  sale  in 
third  countries,  the  former  company  ehall 
alone  have  the  right  to  use  these  trade-marks 
in  third  countries  to  the  exclusion  of  the 
Austrian  company,  and  thesp  unique  mepns 
of  reproduction  shall  be  handed  over  ito  the 
former  company,  notwithstanding  any  action 
taken  under  war  legislation  in  force  in  the 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  with  regard  to 
the  latter  company  or  its  business,  industrial 
property  or  shares.  Nevertheless,  the  former 
company,  if  requested  shall  deliver  ,to  the 
latter  company  derivative  copies  permitting: 


660 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


the   continuation    of   reproduction    of    articles 
lor  use  within  Austrian  territory. 

6.  UP   to   the  time  when   restitution  is  car- 
ried out  in  accordance  with  article  249.  Aus- 
tria   is    responsible    for    the    conservation    of 
property,  rights  and  interests  of  the  nationals 
of  allied  or  associated  powers,  including-  com- 
panies and  associations  in  which  they  are  in- 
terested,   that   have   been  subjected  by  her  to 
exceptional  war  measures. 

7.  Within    one   year   from    the   coming   into 
force   of   the   present   treaty   the   allied    or   as- 
sociated   powers    will    specify    the    property, 
rights    and  .interests   over   wmch    they    mtenu 
to  exercise  the  right  provided  in  article  249. 

u.  *Js  restitution  provided  in  article  249 
will  be  carried  out  by  order  of  the  Austrian 
government  or  of  the  authorities  which  have 
been  substituted  for  it.  Detailed  accounts  of 
the  action  of  administrators  shall  be  fur- 
nished to  the  interested  persons  by  the  Aus- 
trian authorities  upon  request,  which  may  be 
made  at  any  time  after  the  coming  into  force 
of  the  present  treaty. 

9.  Until   completion    of    the   liquidation  pro- 
vided for  by  article  249,  paragraph    (b),  the 
property,   rights   and  interests   of    the   persons 
referred   to    in    that    paragraph    will    continue 
to    be    subject    to    exceptional    war    measures 
that  have  been  or  will  be   taken  with  regard 
to  them 

10.  Austria    will,    within    six   months    from 
the  coming   into  force   of   the   present    treaty, 
deliver  to  each  allied  or  associated  power  all 
securities,    certificates,    deeds    or    other    docu- 
ments of   title  held  by   its  nationals   and  re- 
lating   to   property,    rights    or    interests    situ- 
ated in  the  territory  of   that  allied  or   associ- 
ated  power,    including    any    shares,    stock,    de- 
bentures, debenture    stock  or  other  obligations 
of    any    company    incorporated    in    accordance 
with  the  laws  of  that  power. 

Austria  will  at  any  time  on  demand  of  any 
allied  or  associated  power  furnish  such  in- 
formation as  may  be  required  with  regard 
to  the  property,  rights  and  interests  of  Aus- 
trian nationals  within  the  territory  of  such 
allied  or  associated  power,  or  with  regard  to 
any  transactions  concerning  such  property, 
rights  or  interests  effected  since  July  1,  1914. 

11.  The  expression  "cash  assets"  includes  all 
deposits   or   funds   established  before   or   after 
the  existence   of   a   state   of   war.    as  well   as 
all   assets   coming   from   deposits,   revenues    or 
profits  collected   by   administrators,   sequestra- 
tors   or  others  from   funds   placed   on   deposit 
or  otherwise,   but  does  not   include   sums   be- 
lorging  to  the  allied  or  associated  powers  or 
to  their  component   states,   provinces   or   mu- 
nicipalitiesi. 

12.  All     investments     wheresoever     effectec 
with  the  cash  assets  of  nationals  of  the  high 
(Contracting    parties,    including    companies    and 
associations  in  which  such   nationals  were  in 
terested.    by    persons    responsible    for    the    ad 
ministration    of    enemy    properties    or    having 
control  over  such  administration,  or  by  order 
of  such  persons  or  of    any  authority  whatso 
ever,    shall    be    annulled.      These    cash    assets 
shall  be  accounted  for  irrespective  of  any  such 
investment. 

13.  Within  one  month  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty,   or  on  demand   a 
any    time.    Austria    will    deliver   to    the    alliet 
and  associated  powers  all  accounts,   vouchers 
records,    documents    and    information    of    an: 
kind    which    may    be    within    Austrian    terri 
tory  .and    which   concern    the   property,    right 
and  interests   of   the   nationals   of   those  pow 
ers.    including    companies    and    associations   in 
which  they  are  interested,  that  have  been  sub 
jected  to  an  exceptional  war  measure,  or  to 
measure  of  transfer  either  in  the  territory  o 
the  former  Austrian  empire  or  in  territory  oc 
cumed  by   that    empire    or  its  allies. 

The  controllers,  supervisors,  managers,  ad 
ministrators.  sequestrators,  liquidators  and  re 
eeivers  shall  be  personally  responsible  unde 
guaranty  of  the  Austrian  government  lo 


he    immediate    delivery    in    full    of    these    ac- 
ounto  and  documents,  and  for  their  accuracy. 

14.  Ihe  provisions  of  article  249  and  this 
nnex  relating  to  property,  rights  and  inter- 
sts  in  an  enemy  country,  and  the  proceeds 
f  the  liquidation  thereof,  apply  to  debts, 
redits  and  accounts,  section  III.  regulating 
nly  the  method  of  payment. 

In  the  settlement  of  matters  provided  for 
n  article  24y  between  Austria  and  the  allied 
r  associated  powers,  their  colonies  or  prqtec- 
orates.  or  any  one  of  the  British  dominions 
r  India,  in  respect  of  any  of  which  a  declara- 
ion  shall  not  have  been  made  that  they  adopt 
ection  III.  and  between  their  respective  na- 
ionals  the  provision  of  section  III.  respecting 
he  currency  in  which  payment  is  to  be  made 
nd  the  rate  of  exchange  and  of  interest  shall 
,pply  unless  the  government  of  the  allied  or 
ssociated  power  concerned  shall  within  six 
months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pres- 
nt  treaty  notify  Austria  that  one  or  more 
if  the  said  provisions  are  not  to  be  applied. 

15.  The  provisions  of  article  249  and  this 
mnex  apply  to  industrial,  literary  and  artistic 
woperty  which  has  been  or  will  be  dealt  with 
n  the  liquidation  of  property,  rights,  in- 
erests.  companies  or  businesses  under  war 
egislation  by  the  allied  or  associated  powers, 
r  in  accordance  with  the  stipulations  of 
article  249.  paragraph  (b) . 
ection  V. — Contracts,  Prescriptions,  Judgments. 
Article  251. 

(a)  Any    contract   concluded      between      en- 
emies   shall   be   regarded    as   having  been  dis- 

olved  as  from  the  time  when  any  two  of 
he  parties  became  enemies,  except  in  re- 
spect of  any  debt  or  other  pecuniary  obliga- 
tion arising  out  of  any  act  done  or  money 
>aid  thereunder  and  subject  to  the  excep- 
;ions  and  special  rules  with  regard  to  particul- 
ar contracts  or  classes  of  contracts  contained 
lerein  or  in  the  annex  hereto. 

(b)  Any    contract    of    which    the   execution 
shall  be  required  in  the  general  interest,  with- 

n  six  months  from  the  date  of  the  coming1 
nto  force  of  the  present  treaty,  by  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  allied  or  associated  power  of 
which  one  of  the  parties  is  a  national,  shall 
t>e  excepted  from  •  dissolution  under  thi& 
article. 

When  the  execution  of  the  contract  thxi» 
kept  alive  would,  owing  to  the  alteration  of 
trade  C9nditions.  cause  one  of  the  parties 
substantial  prejudice  the  mixed  arbitral 
tribunal  provided  for  by  section  VI.  shall  be 
empowered  to  grant  to  the  prejudiced  party 
equitable  compensation. 

(c)  Having  regard  to  the  provisions  of  the 
constitution  and  law  of   the  United  States   of 
America,   of  Brazil,  and  of  Japan,  neither  the 
present  article,  nor  article  252,  nor  the  annex 
hereto  shall  apply  to  contracts  made  between 
nationals  of  these  states  and  nationals  of  the 
former  Austrian  empire:  nor  shall  article  257 
apply  to  the  United  States  of  America  or  ita 


nationals. 


and      the      annex 


(d)   The    present    article      __      

hereto  phall  not  apply  to  contracts  the  parties 
to  which  became  enemies  by  reason  of  one 
of  them  being  an  inhabitant  of  territory  of 
which  the  sovereignty  has  been  transferred, 
if  such  party  shall  acquire  unde^  the  present 
treaty  the  nationality  of  an  allied  or  asso- 


ciated power,  nor  shall  they  apnly  to  con- 
tracts between  nationals  of  the  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers  between  whom  trading  has 
been  prohibited  by  reason  of  one  of  the 
parties  being  in  allied  or  associated  territory 
in  the  occupation  of  the  enemy. 

(e)  Nothing  in  the  present  article  or  the 
annex  hereto  shall  be  deemed  to  invalidate 
a  transaction  lawfully  carried  out  in  accord- 
ance with  a  contract  between  enemies  if  it 
baa  b^en  carripd  out  with  the  authority  of 
one  of  the  belligerent  powers. 
Article  252. 

(a)    All   periods    of   prescription,    or   limita- 
tion of  right  of  action,  whether  they  began  to 


ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


661 


run  before  or  after  the  outbreak  of  war.  shall 
be  treated  in  the  territory  of  the  high  con- 
tracting: parties,  so  far  as  regards  relations 
between  enemies,  as  having  been  suspended 
for  the  duration  of  the  war.  They  shall  begin 
to  run  again  at  earliest  three  months  after 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 
This  provision  shall  apply  to  the  period  pre- 
scribed for  the  presentation  of  interest  or 
dividend  coupons  or  for  the  presentation  for 
repayment  of  securities  drawn  for  repayment 
or  repayable  on  any  other  ground. 

(b)  Where,    on   account    of    failure   to   per- 
form  any   act   or   comply   with  any  formality 
during1   the    war,    measures   of   execution   have 
been  taken  in  the  territory  of  the  former  Aus- 
trian  empire    to   the   prejudice    of    a    national 
of    an    allied    or    associated    power,    the   claim 
of  such  national  shall,  if  the  matter  does  not 
fall   within   the   competence    of   the  courts    of 
an    allied    or    associated    power,    be    heard    by 
the   mixed   arbitral   tribunal   provided   lor   by 
section    VI. 

(c)  Upon  the   application  of  any  interested 
person  who  is  a  national  of  an  allied  or  asso- 
ciated power  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal  shall 
older  the  restoration  of  the  rights  which  have 
betn  prejudiced  by  the  measures  of  execution 
referred  to  in  paragraph  (b).  wherever,  having- 
regard  to  the  particular  circumstances   01   the 
case,  such  restoration  is  equitable  and  possible. 

If  such  restoration  is  inequitable  or  impossi- 
ble the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal  may  grant 
compensation  to  the  prejudiced  party  to  be 
paid  by  the  Austrian  government. 

(d)  Where   a  contract  between  enemies  has 
been  dissolved  by  reason  either  of   failure  on 
the  part  of  either  party  to  carry  out  its  provi- 
sions or  of  the  exercise  of  a  right  stipulated 
in  the  contract  itself  the  party  prejudiced  may 
apply   to   the   mixed    arbitral   tribunal   for   re- 
lief.   The  tribunal  will  have  the  powers  pro- 
vided  for  in  paragraph    (c). 

(e)  The  provisions     of     the    preceding;  para- 

Jjphs  of  this  article  shall  apply  to  the  na- 
mals  of  allied  and  associated  powers  who 
ve  been  prejudiced  by  reason  of  measures 
referred  to  above  taken  by  the  authorities  of 
the  former  Austrian  R-overnment  in  invaded 
or  occupied  territory,  if  they  (have  not  been 
otheiwise  compensated. 

(f)  Austria  shall  compensate  any  third  party 
•who  may  be  prejudiced  by  any  restitution   or 
restoration    ordered     by    the     mixed     arbitral 
tribunal  under  the  provisions  of  the  preceding- 
paragraphs  of  this  article. 

(g)  As  regards  negotiable  instruments,   the 
period   of   three  months  provided  under  para- 
graph   (a)    shall  commence   as   from   the   date 
on   which  any  exceptional  regulations   applied 
in  the  territories  of  the  interested  power  with 
regard    to    negotiable    instruments    shall    have 
definitely  ceased  to  hare  force. 

Article  255. 

A.-3  between  enemies  no  negotiable  instru- 
ment made  before  the  war  shall  be  deemed  to 
have  become  invalid  by  reason  only  of  failure 
within  the  required  time  to  present  the  instru- 
ment for  acceptance  or  payment  or  to  give 
notice  of  nonacceptance  or  nonpayment  to 
drawers  or  indorsers  or  to  protest  the  instru- 
ment, nor  by  reason  of  failure  to  complete 
any  formality  during-  the  war. 

Where  the  period  within  which  a  negotiable 
instrument  should  have  been  presented  for  ac- 
ceptance or  for  payment,  or  within  which 
notice  of  ncnacceptance  or  nonpayment  should 
have  been  given  to  the  drawer  or  indorser.  or 
•within  which  the  instrument  should  have  been 
protested,  has  elapsed  during1  the  war.  and  the 
party  who  should  have  presented  or  protested 
the  instrument  or  have  given  notice  of  nonac- 
ceptance or  nonpayment  has  failed  to  do  so 
during  the  war.  a  period  of  not  less  than 
three  months  from  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  treaty  shall  be  allowed  within 
which  presentation,  notice  of  nonacceptance  or 
nonpayment  or  protest  may  be  made. 

Article   254. 
Judgments  given  by  the  courts  of  an  allied 


or  associated  power  in  all  cases  which,  under 
the  present  treaty,  they  are  competent  to  de- 
cide, shall  be  recognized  in  Austria  as  final, 
and  shall  be  enforced  without  its  being-  neces- 
sary to  have  them  declared  executory. 

If  a  judgment  or  measure  of  execution  in 
respect  of  any  dispute  which  may  have  arisen 
has  been  eiven  during-  the  war  by  a  judicial 
authority  of  the  former  Austrian  empire 
ag-ainst  a  national  of  an  allied  or  associated 
power,  or  a  company  or  association  in  which 
one  of  such  nationals  was  interested,  in  a 
case  in  which  either  such  national  or  such 
company  or  association  was  not  able  to  make 
their  defense,  the  allied  and  associated  national 
who  has  suffered  prejudice  thereby  shall  be  en- 


tilled  to  recover  compensation  to  be   fixed  by 
the    mixed    arbitral    tribunal   provided   for   in 


At  the  instance  of  the  national  of  the  allied 
or  associated  power  the  compensation  above 
mentioned  may.  upon  order  to  that  effect  of 
the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal,  be  effected  where 
it  is  possible  by  replacing-  the  parties  in  the 
situation  which  they  occupied  before  th» 
judgment  was  given  by  the  Austrian  court. 

The  above  compensation  may  likewise  be 
obtained  before  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal 
by  the  nationals  of  allied  or  associated  pow- 
e-s  who  have  suffered  prejudice  by  judicial 
measures  taken  in  invaded  or  occupied  tern- 
torie-?.  if  they  have  not  been  otherwise  com- 
pensated. 

Article   255. 

For  the  purpose  of  sections  HI..  IV..  V.  and 
VII.,  the  expression  "during  the  war"  means 
for  each  allied  or  associated  power  the  period 
between  the  commencement  of  the  state  of 
war  between  that  power  and  the  former  Aue- 
tro-Huns-arian  monarchy  and  the  coming-  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty. 

Annex  I.— General  Provisions. 

1.  Within  the  meaning  of  articles  251.    252 
and  253  the  parties  to  a  contract  shall  be  re- 
grarded  as  enemies  when  trading  between  them 
shall    have    been    prohibited    by    or    otherwise 
became   unlawful  under   laws,   orders   or  retru- 
lations  to  which  one  of  those  parties  was  sub- 
ject.    They   shall   be  deemed   to   have   become 
enemies  from  the  date  when  such  trading  was 
prohibited  or  otherwise  became  unlawful 

2.  The  following  classes  of  contracts  are  ex- 
cepted    from   dissolution    by    article    251    and, 
without    prejudice    to   the   rig-hts   contained   ii 
article    249     (b)     of    section    IV.,    remain    i 
force    subject    to    the   application   of    domestic 
laws    orders   or    regulations    made    during    the 
war  by  the  allied   and   associated  powers  and 
subject  to  the  terms  of  the  contracts: 

(a)  Contracts    having    for    their    object    the 
transfer    of    estates    or    of    real    or    personal 
property    where    the    property      therein      had 
passed   or   the.  object   had  been   delivered   be- 
fore   the    parties    became    enemies; 

(b)  Leases    and    agreements    for    leases    of 
land   and   houses: 

(c)  Contracts  of  mortgage,   pledg-e.   or  lien; 

(d)  Concessions    concerning    mines,    quarries 
or  deposits; 

(e)  Contracts   between    individuals    or   com- 
panies and  states,  provinces,  municipalities,  or 
other  .similar    juridical    persons    charged    with 

dmmistrative  functions,  and  concessions 
granted  by  states,  provinces,  municipalities 
or  other  similar-  juridical  persons  charged  with 
administrative  functions. 

3  If  the  provisions  of  a  contract  are  in 
part  dissolved  under  article  251.  the  remain- 
ing provisions  of  that  contract  shall,  sub- 
ject, to  the  same  application  of  domestic  laws 
as  is  provided  for  in  paragraph  2.  continue 
in  force  if  they  are  severable.  but  where  they 
are  not  severable  the  contract  shall  be  deemed 
to  have  been  dissolved  in  its  entirety. 
II-— Provisions  Relating  to  Certain  Classes  of 
Contracts.  Stock  Exchange  and  Commer- 
cial Exchange  Contracts. 

4.  (a)  Rules  made  during  the  war  by  any 
recognized  exchange  or  commercial  association 
providing-  for  the  closure  of  contracts  entered 


663 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


into  before  the  war  by  an  enemy  are  con- 
firmed by  the  high  contracting  parties,  as  also 
any  action  taken  thereunder,  provided: 

(i.)  That  the  contract  was  expressed  to  be 
made  suoject  to  the  rules  of  the  exchange  or 
association  in  question; 

(ii.)  That  the  rules  applied  to  all  persons 
concerned; 

(iii.)  That  the  conditions  attaching  to  the 
closure  were  fair  and  reasonable. 

(b)  The  preceding  paragraph  shall  not  ap- 
ply   to   rules  made   during  the   occupation   by 
exchanges    or    commercial    associations   in   the 
districts  occupied  by   the  enemy. 

(c)  The  closure  of  contracts  relating  to  cot- 
ton  "futures."   which  were  closed  as  on  July 
31.    1914.    under    the    decision    of    the    Liver- 
pool Cotton  association  is  also  corifirmed. 

Security. 

6.  The  sale  of  a  security  held  for  an  un- 
paid debt  owing  by  an  enemy  shall  be  deemed 
to  have  been  valid  irrespective  of  notice  to 
the  owner  if  the  creditor  acted  in  good  iaith 
and  with  reasonable  care  and  prudence  and  no 
claim  by  the  debtor  on  the  ground  oi  such 
sale  shall  be  admitted. 

This  stipulation  shall  not  apply  to  any  sale. 
of  securities,  effected  by  an  enemy  during  the 
occupation  in  regions  invaded  or  occupied  oy 
the  enemy. 

Negotiable  Instruments. 

6.  As    regards    powers   which    adopt    section 
HI.  and  the   annex  thereto  the  pecuniary  ob- 
ligations existing  between  enemies  .and  result- 
ing from   the   issue   of   negotiable  instruments 
shall  be  adjusted  in  conformity  with  the  said 
annex   by   the   instrumentality   of   the  clearing 
offices    which   shall  assume  the  rights   oi   the 
holder  as  regards  the  various  remedies  open  to 
him. 

7.  If    a   person    has    either   before    or    dur- 
ing the  war  become  liable  upon  a  negotiable 
instrument  in  accordance  with  an  undertaking 
given  to  him  by  a  person  who  has  subsequent- 
ly  become   an  enemy,    the   latter  shall   remain 
liable   to  indemnify    the  former   in  respect   of 
his  liability   notwithstanding   the  outbreak   of 
war. 

HI.— Contracts  of  Insurance. 

8.  Contracts    of    insurance    entered    into    by 
any  person  with    another  person  who    subse- 
quently  became   an  enemy   will   be  dealt    with 
in  accordance  with  the  following  paragraphs: 

Fire  Insurance. 

9.  Contracts   for   the   insurance   of   property 
against  fire  entered  into  by  a  person  interest- 
ed in  such  property  with  another  person  who 
subsequently    became   an   enemy    shall   not   be 
deemed    to    have   been   dissolved    by    the    out- 
break  of   war.    or  by   the   fact   of   the   person 
becoming    an    enemy,    or    on    account    of    the 


failure  during1  the  war  and  for  a  period,  of 
three  months  thereafter  to  perform  his  obliga- 
tions under  the  contract,  but  they  shall  be 


dissolved  at  the  date  when  the  annual  pre- 
mium becomes  payable  for  the  first  time 
after  the  expiration  of  a  period  of  three 
months  after  the  coming  into  force  of  the 

A  settlement  shall  be  effected  of  unpaid  pre- 
miums which  became  due  during  the  war  or  of 
claims  for  losses  which  occurred  during  the 

10.  Where  by  administrative  or  legislative 
action  an  insurance  against  fire  effected  before 
the  war  has  been  transferred  during  the  war 
from  the  original  to  another  insurer,  the 
transfer  will  be  recognized  and  the  liability 
of  the  original  insurer  will  be  deemed  to  have 
ceased  as  from  the  date  of  the  transfer.  The 
original  insurer  will,  however,  be  entitled  to 
receive  on  demand  full  information  as  to  the 
terms  of  the  transfer,  and  if  it  should  ap- 
pear that  these  terms  were  not  equitable  they 
shall  be  amended  so  far  as  may  be  necessary 
to  render  them  equitable. 

Furthermore,  the  insured  shall,  subject  to 
the  concurrence  of  the  orginal  insurer,  be  en- 
titled to  transfer  the  contract  to  the  original 
insurer  as  from  the  date  of  the  demand. 


Life  Insurance. 

11.  Contracts  of  life  insurance  entered  into 
between  an  insurer  and  a  person  who  subee- 
auentLv  became  an  enemy  shall  not  be  deemed 
to  have  been  dissolved  by  the  outbreak  of  war 
or   by    the   fact    of    the   'person   becoming    an 
enemy. 

Any  sum  which  during  the  war  became  due 
upon  a  contract  deemed  not  to  have  been  dis- 
solved under  the  preceding  provision  shall  be 
recoverable  alter  the  war  with  the  addition 
of  interest  at  5  per  cent  per  annum  from  the 
date  of  its  becoming  due  up  to  the  day  of 
payment. 

Wheire  the  contract  has  lapsed  during  the  war 
owiner  to  nonpayment  of  premiums  or  has  be- 
come void  from  breach  of  the  conditions  of  the 
contract,  the  assured  or  his  representatives  or 
the  persons  entitled  shall  have  the  right  at  any 
time  within  twelve  months  of  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty  to  claim,  from  the 
insurer  the  surrender  value  of  the  policy  at 
the  date  of  its  lapse  or  avoidance. 

Where  the  contract  has  lapsed  during  the 
waa1  owing  to  nonpayment  of  premiums  the 
payment  of  which  has  been  prevented  by  the 
enforcement  of  measures  of  war.  the  assured 
or  his  representative  or  the  persons  entitled 
shall  have  the  right  to  restore  the  contract  o» 
payment  of  the  premiums  with  interest  at  6 
per  cent  per  annum  within  three  months  from 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 

12.  Where   contracts   of   life  insurance  have 
been  entered  into  by  a  local  branch  of  an  in- 
surance    company    established    in    a    country 
which  subsequently  became  an  enemy  country, 
the  contract  shall,  in  the  absence  of  any  stipu- 
lation  to    the   contrary   in   the  contract   itself, 
be  governed  by  the  local  law.  but  the  insurer 
shall   be  entitled  to  demand  from  the  insured 
or  his  representatives  the  refund  of  sums  paid 
on   claims   made   or   enfprced   under   measures 
taken  during   the   war.   if   the  making  or  en- 
forcement of  such  claims  was   not  in   accord- 
ance with  the  terms  of  the  contract  itself  or 
was   not   consistent   with   the   laws  or   treaties 
existing  at  the  time  when  it  was  entered  into. 

13.  In  any  case  where  by  the  law  applicable 
to  the  contract  the  insurer  remains  bound  by 
the  contract   notwithstanding"  the  nonpayment 
of  premiums  until  notice  is  given  to  the  in- 

of   the   termination   of   the  contract,   he 


shall  be  entitled  where  the  giving  of  such  no- 
tice was  prevented  by  the  war,  to  recover  the 
unpaid  premiums  with  interest  at  6  per  cent 
per  annum  from  the  insured. 

14.  Insurance   contracts   shall   be   considered 
as  contracts  of ., life  assurance  for  the  purpose 
of  paragraphs  11  to  13  when  they  depend  on 
the  probabilities  of  human  life  combined  with 
the  rate  of  interest  for  the  calculation  of  the 
reciprocal  engagements  between   the   two  par- 
ties. 

Marine  Insurance. 

15.  Contracts  of  marine  insurance  including 
time  policies  and  voyage  policies  entei'ed  into 
between   an  insurer  and   a   person  who  subse- 
quetly   became   an   enemy  shall   be   deemed   to 
have  been  dissolved  on  his  becoming  an  enemy, 
except  in  cases  where  the  risk  undertaken  in 
the  contract  had  attached  before  he  became  an 
enemy. 

Where  the  risk  had  not  attached,  money 
paid  by  way  of  premium  or  otherwise  snail 
be  recoverable  from  the  insurer. 

Where  the  risk  had  attached  effect  shall  be 
given  to  the  contract  notwithstanding  the 
party  becoming  an  enemy,  and  sums  due  un- 
der the  contract  either  by  way  of  premiums 
or  in  respect  of  losses  shall  be  recoverable 
after  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty. 

In  the  event  of  any  agreement  being  come 
to  for  the  payment  of  interest  on  sums  due 
before  the  war  to  or  by  the  nationals  of 
states  which  have  been  at  war  and  recovered 
after  the  war.  such  interest  shall  in  the  case 
of  losses  recoverable  under  contracts  of  marine 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


663 


Insurance  run  from  the  expiration  of  a  period 
of  one  year  from  the  date  of  the  loss. 

16.  No  contract  of  marine  insurance  with  an 
insured  person  who  subsequently  became  an 
en-m.v  shall  be  deemed  to  cover  losses  due  to 
belligerent  action  by  the  power  of  which  the 
insurer  was  a  national  or  by  the  allies  or 
associates  of  such  power. 

17  Where  it  is  shown  that  a  person  who 
had  before  the  war  entered  into  a  contract 
of  marine  insurance  with  an  insurer  who  sub- 
sequently became  an  enemy  entered  after  the 
outbreak  of  war  into  a  new  contract  covering 
the  same  risk  with  an  insurer  who  was  not 
an  enemy,  the  new  contract  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  substituted  for  the  original  contract  as 
from  the  date  when  it  was  entered  into  and 
the  premiums  payable  shall  be  adjusted  on,  the 
basis  of  the  original  insurer  having  remained 
liable  on  the  contract  only  up  till  the  time 
when  the  new  contract  was  entered  into. 
Other  Insurances. 

18.  Contracts   of   insurance  entered  into  be- 
fore the  war  between  an  insurer  and  a  person 
who  subsequently  became  an  enemy,  other  than 
contracts   dealt    with    in   paragraphs    9   to    17, 
shall   be    treated   in    all   respects   on  the  same 
looting  as  contracts  of  fire  insurance  between 
the  same  persons   would  be  dealt  with  under 
the  said  paragraphs. 

Reinsurance. 

19.  All  treaties  of  reinsurance  with  a  person' 
who   became    an    enemy    shall  be    regarded    as 
having  been  abrogated  by  the  person  becoming 
an  enemy,  but  without   prejudice  in  the  case 
of    life    or   marine    risks    which    had    attached 
before  the   war  to   the  right   to   recover  pay- 
ment after    the  war  for  sums  due  in  respect 
of    such   risks. 

Nevertheless,  if.  owing-  to  invasion,  it  has 
been  impossible  for  the  reinsured  to  find  an- 
other reinsurer,  the  treaty  shall  remain  in 
force  until  three  months  after  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 

Where  a  reinsurance  treaty  becomes  void 
tinder  this  paragraph,  there  shall  be  an  ad- 
justment of  accounts  between  the  parties  in 
respect  both  of  premiums  paid  and  payable 
and  of  liabilities  for  losses  in  respect  of  life 
or  marine  risks  which  had  attached  before  the 
war.  In  the  case  of  risks  other  than  those 
mentioned  in  paragraphs  11  to  17  the  adjust- 
ment of  accounts  shall  be  made  as  at  the 
date  of  the  parties  becoming  enemies  without 
regard  to  claims  for  losses  which  may  have 
occurred  since  that  date. 

20.  The    provisions    of    the   preceding   para- 
graph will  extend  equally  to  reinsurances,  ex- 
isting   at    the    date    of    the    parties    becoming 
enemies,  of  particular  risks  undertaken  by  the 
insurer  in  a  contract  of  insurance  against  any 
risks  other  than  life   or  marine  risks. 

21.  Reinsurance  of  life  risks  effected  by  par- 
ticular   contracts    and   not  under   any   general 
treaty    remain    in    force 

22.  In  case  of  a  reinsurance  effected  before 
the  war   of    a   contract    of    marine    insurance, 
the  cession  of  a  risk  which  had  been  cefled  to 
the  reinsurer  shall,   if  it  had  attached  before 
the  outbreak   of  war,   remain  valid   and  effect 
be  riven  to  the  contract  notwithstanding  the 
outbreak    of    war;    sums   due   und<r    the    con- 
tract  of  reinsurance  in   respect  either  of  pre- 
miums or  of  losses  shall  be  recoverable  after 

wSf'fiF1?  D/ovisj°nf  of  paragraphs  16  and  17 
and  the  last  part  of  para^aph  15  shall  apply 
to  contracts  for  the  reinsurance  of  marine 

rlSKB. 

Section    VI.— Mixed  Arbitral  Tribunal. 

Article  256. 

(a)  Within  three  months  from  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  a  mixed 
arbitral  tribunal  shall  be  established  between 
each  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  on 
the  one  hand  and  Austria  on  the  other  hand. 


Eech  such  tribunal  shall  consist  of  three 
members.  Each  of  the  governments  concerned 
shall  appoint  one  of  these  members.  The 
president  shall  be  chosen  by  agreement  be- 
tween the  two  governments  concerned. 

In  case  of  failure  to  reach  agreement,  the 
president  of  the  tribunal  and  two  other  per- 
sons, either  of  whom  may  in  case  of  need 
take  his  place,  shall  be  chosen  by  the  council 
of  the  league  of  nations,  or.  until  this  is  set 
up.  by  M.  Gustave  Ador  if  he  is  willing. 
These  persons  shall  be  nationals  of  powers 
that  have  remained  neutral  during  the  war. 

If  in  case  there  is  a  vacancy  a  government 
does  not  proceed  within  a  period  of  one 
month  to  appoint  as  provided  above  a  mem- 
ber of  the  tribunal,  such  member  shall  be 
chosen  by  the  other  government  from  the  two 
persons  mentioned  above  other  than  the  presi- 

The  decision  of  the  majority  of  the  members 
of  the  tribunal  shall  be  the  decision  of  the 
tribunal. 

(b)    The  mixed     arbitral     tribunals     estal 
lis.hed  pursuant  to  .paragraph    (a)    shall    " 


In  addition,  all  questions  whatsoever  their 
nature,  relating  to  contracts  concluded  before 
tne  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty 
between  nationals  of  the  allied  and  associat- 
ed powers  and  Austrian  nationals  shall  be 
decided  by  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal  always 
excepting  questions  which,  under  the  laws  of 
the  allied,  associated  or  neutral  powers,  are 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  national  courts 
of  those  powers.  Such  questions  shall  be  de- 
cided by  the  national  courts  in  question  to 
the  exclusion  of  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal 
The  party  who  is  a  national  of  an  allied 
or  associated  .power  may.  nevertheless,  briny 
the  case  before  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal 
IL&'JU 1S  not  Prohibited  by  the  laws  of  his 

ber  of  cases  justifies  it.  ad- 
shall  be  appointed  and  each 
ibunal  shall  sit  in  divisions. 

as~above  "*"'TO  vUvlsrons  Wl11  be  constituted 
(d)  Each  mixed  arbitral  tribunal  will  settle 

•\ta    own  .  procedure    excent    in    so    far    as    i 


country."" 

(c)   If  the  number 
ditional  members    " 
mixed  arbitral  triuunai   sna; 
Each    of    these   divisions    w 


costs    and    ex- 

(e)  Eaoh  government  will  ,pay  the  reirmner 
ation  of  the  .member  of  the  mixed  a?bi?ral 
tribunal  appointed  by  it  and  of  any  agent 
whom  it  may  appoint  to  represent  it  before 
the  tnbijnal  The  remuneration  of  the  pres- 
ident will  be  determined  by  special  agree- 
ment between  the  governments  concerned-  and 

In  IS     TPTrmrmT*a  tir»™      o«y1      +!-.«      i«i_A 


ernments  in  equal  moieties 

n.i!  Tne  *gh  contracting  parties  agree  that 
their  courts  and  authorities  sh*ll  render  to 
the  mixed .  arbitral  tribunals  direct  all  the 
assistance  in .  their  power,  particularly  as  re- 
gards transmitting  notices  and  collecting  evi- 

^5^  ^P16  l}*8^  .contracting  parties  agree  to  re- 
PHT^OI  de£isipns  of  the  mixed  arbitral 
SSPHiS  a£-fi7?al  and  conclusive,  and  to  ren- 
der them  binding  upon  their  nationals. 

Annex. 

+^,  Sn°uld  one  of  the  members  of  the 
tribunal  either  die.  retire  or  be  unable  for 
any  reason  whatever  to  discharge  his  func- 
tions the  same  procedure  will  be  followed 
niing  the  vacancy  as  was  followed  for 
appointing  him. 

2.  The    tribunal    may   adopt    such    rules    of 
Procedure  as  shall  be  in  accordance  with  jus- 

V*  £!&.*"%  and  deride  the  ordpr  and  time 
at  which  each  party  must  conclude  it*  argu- 
ments, and  may  arrange  all  formalities  re- 
QUired  for  dealing  with  the  evidence. 

3.  The  agent  and  ceunsel  of  the  parties  on 
each  side  are  authorized  to  present  orally  and 
in   wntinsr  to  the  tribunal   arguments  in  SUID- 
t>ort  or  in  defense  of  each  case. 


664 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


4    The    tribunal    shall    keep    record   of    the 
Questions    and    cases   submitted   and   the   pro-  ; 
ceedings  hereon.  with  the  dates  of  »uch  pro- 
ceeding's. 

5.  Each   of    the  powers  concerned  may   ap- 
point a  secretary.      These  secretaries  shall  act 
tog-ether   as   joint    secretaries   of    the   tribunal 
and   shall  be   subject    to   its   direction.       The 
tribunal   may   appoint    and  employ  .any.  other 
necessary    officer    or   officers   to    assist   in   the 
performance    of   its  duties. 

6.  The    tribunal    shall    decide    all    questions 
and    matters    submitted    upon    such    evidence 
and  information  as  may  be  furnished  by  the 
parties  concerned. 

7.  The  high  contracting-  parties  agree  to  give 
the  tribunal  all  facilities  and  information  re- 
Quired  by  it  for  carrying  out  its  investigations. 

8.  The    language    in    which    the   proceedings 
ehall    be     conducted    shall,     unless    otherwise 
agreed,    be    English.    French.    Italian    or   Japa- 
nese.  as  may  be  determined  by  the  allied  or 
associated  power  concerned. 

9.  The   place   and   time   for  the  meetings  of 
each  tribunal  shall  be  determined  by  the  pres- 
ident of  the  tribunal. 

Article  257. 

Whenever  a  competent  court  has  given  or 
gives  a  decision  in  a  case  covered  by  sections 
II..  IV..  V.  or  VII.,  and  such  decision  is  in- 
consistent with  the  provisions  of  suck  sections. 
the  party  who  is  prejudiced  by  thj  decision 
shall  be  entitled  to  obtain  redress  which 
shall  be  fixed  by  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal. 
At  the  reauest  of  the  national  of  an  allied  or 
associated  power,  the  redress  may.  whenever 
possible,  be  effected  by  the  mixed  arbitral 
tribunal's  directing.  .the  replacement  of  the 
parties  in  the  position  occupied  by  them  be- 
lore  the  judgment  was  given  by  the  court 
of  the  former  Austrian  empire. 

Section    VII  .—Industrial   Property. 

Article  &68. 

Subject  to  the  stipulations  of  the  present 
treaty,  rights  of  industrial,  literary  and  ar- 
tistic property,  as  such  property  is  defined 


, 

the  international  conventions  of  Pans  and 
,  237  and  239. 

shall   be    re-established    or    restored,    as    from 


Berne,   mentioned  in  articles  237  a 


the  coming-  into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 
in  the  territories  of  the  high  contracting 
parties,  in  favor  of  the  persons  entitled  to 
the  benefit  of  them  at  the  moment  when  the 
etate  of  war  commenced,  or  their  legal  rep- 
resentatives. Equally,  rights  which  except  for 
the  war.  would  have  been  acquired  curing-  tne 
war  in  consequence  of  an  application  made 
for  the  protection  of  industrial  property,  or 
the  publication  of  a  literary  or  artistic  work. 
shall  be  recognized  and  established  in  favor 
of  those  persons  who  would  have  been  en- 
titled thereto,  from  the  coming-  into  force  of 
the  present  treaty. 

Nevertheless,  all  acts  done  by  virtue  of  the 
especial  measures  taken  during  the  .war  under 
legislative  executive  or  administrative  author- 
ity of  any  allied  or  associated  power  in  re- 
gard to  the  rights  of  nationals  of  the  former 
Austrian  empire  in  industrial,  literary  or  ar- 
tistic property  shall  remain  .  in  force  and 
ehall  continue  to  maintain  their  full  effect. 

No  claim  shall  be  made  or  action  broug-ht  t>y 
Austria  or  Austrian  nationals  or  by  or  on  be- 
half of  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  em- 
pire in  respect  of  the  use  during-  the  war  by 
the  g-overnment  of  any  allied  or  associated 
power  or  by  any  persons  acting  on  behalf  or 
with  the  assent  of  such  g-overnment  of  any 
rights  in  industrial,  literary  or  artistic  prop- 
erty. nor  in  respect  of  the  sale,  offering1  for 
Bale  or  use  of  any  products,  articles  or  appa- 
ratus whatsoever  to  which  such  rig-hts  applied. 

Unless  the  legislation  of  any  one  of  the  al- 
lied or  associated  powers  in  force  at  the  mo- 
ment of  the  signature  of  the  present  treaty 
otherwise  directs,  sums  due  or  paid  in  respect 
of  the  property  of  persons  referred  to  in  ar- 
ticle 249  (b)  and  in  virtue  of  any  act  or 
operation  resulting  from  the  execution  of  the 
special  measures  mentioned  in  the  second  Par* 


agraph  of  this  article  shall  be  dealt  with  in 
the  same  way  as  other  sums  due  to  such  per- 
sons are  directed  to  be  dealt  with  by  th« 
present  treaty;  and  euros  produced  by  any 
special  measures  taken  by  the  government  of 
the  former  Austrian  empire  in  respect  of  rights 
in  industrial,  literary  or  artistic  property  be- 
longing to  the  nationals  of  the  allied  or  as- 
sociated, powers  shall  be  considered  and  treat- 
in  the  same  way  as  other  debts  due  from 
Austrian  nationals. 

Each  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  re- 
serves to  itself  the  right  to  impose  such  limita- 
tions, conditions  or  .restrictions  on  rights  of 
industrial,  literary  or  artistic  property  (with 
the  exception  of  trade-marks)  acquired  before 
or  during  the  war,  or  which  may  be  subse- 
quently acquired  in  accordance  with  its  legis- 
lation, by  Austrian  nationals,  whether  by 
granting  licenses,  or  by  the  working,  or  by 
preserving-  control  over  their  exploitation,  or 
in  any  other  way.  as  may  be  considered  neces- 
sary for  national  defense,  or  in  the  public  in- 
terest, or  for  assuring  the  fair  treatment  by 
Austria  of  the  rights  of  industrial,  literary  and 
avtistic  property  held  in  Austrian  territory  by 
its  nationals,  or  for  securing  the  due  fulfil- 
ment of  all  obligations  undertaken  by  Austria 
in  the  present  treaty.  As  regards  rights  of  in- 
dustrial, literary  <and  artistic  property  acquired 
after  the  coming-  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty,  the  right  so  reserved  by  the  allied  and 
associated  powers  shall  only  be  exercised  in 
cases  where  these  limitations,  conditions  or  [re- 
strictions may  be  considered  necessary  for  na- 
ional  defense  or  in  the  public  interest. 

In  the  event  of  the  application  of  the  pro* 
visions  of  the  preceding  paragraph  by  any  al- 
"ied  or  associated  power,  there  shall  be  paid 
reasonable  indemnities  or  royalties,  which  ehall 
bo  dealt  with  in  the  same  way  as  other  sums 
due  to  Austrian  nationals  are  directed  to  be 
dealt  with  by  the  present  treaty. 

Each  of  the  allied  or  associated  powers  re- 
serves the  right  to  treat  as  void  and  of  no 
effect  any  transfer  in  whole  or  in  part  of  or 
other  dealing  with  rights  of  or  in  respect  -of 
industrial,  literary,  or  artistic  property  effect- 
ed after  July  28.  1914.  or  in  future  which 
would  have  the  result  of  defeating  the  objects 
Of  the  provisions  of  this  article. 

The  provisions  of  this  article  shall  not  apply- 
to  rights  in  industrial,  literary  or  artistic 
property  which  have  been  dealt  with  in  the 
liquidation  of  businesses  or  companies  under 
war  legislation  by  the  allied  or  associated  pow- 
ers, or  which  may  be  so  dealt  with  by  virtud 
of  article  249,  paragraph  (b). 
Article  259. 

A   minimum   of    one  year  after  the  coming- 


treaty 


ll  be  ac- 


into force   of   the  present 

corded  to  the  nationals  of  the  high  contracting: 
parties,  without  extension  fees  or  other  pen- 
alty, in  order  to  enable  such  persons  to  accom- 
plish any  act.  fulfill  any  formality,  pay  any 
fees,  and  generally  satisfy  any  obligation  pre- 
scribed by  the  laws  or  regulations  of  the  re- 
spective states  relating  to  the  obtaining,  pre- 
serving. or  opposing  rights  to.  or  in  respect 
of,  industrial  property  either  acquired  before 
July  28,  1914,  or  which,  except  for  the  war, 
might  have  been  acquired  since  that  date  as  a 
result  of  an  application  made  before  the  war 


or  during  its  continuance,  but  nothing  in  this 
article  shall  give  any  right  to  reopen  inte 
ence  proceedings  in  the  United  States  of  Amer- 


ica where  a  final  hearing  has  taken  place. 

All  rights  in,  or  in  respect  of,  such  prop- 
erty whidh  may  have  lapsed  by  reason  of  any 
failure  to  accomplish  any  act,  fulfill  any  for- 
mality. or  make  any  payment,  shall  revive,  but 
subject  in  the  case  of  patents  and  designs  to 
the  imposition  of  such  conditions  as  each  al- 
lied or  associated  power  may  deem  reasonably 
necessary  for  the  protection  of  persona  who 
have  manufactured  or  made  use  of  the  IUD» 
ject  matter  of  such  property  while  the  rights 
had  lapsed.  Further,  where  rights  to  patents 
or  designs  belonging  to  Austrian  nationals  are 
revived  under  this  article,  they  shall  be  sub- 
ject in  respect  of  the  grant  of  license*  to  the 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


665 


same  provisions  as  would  have  been  ap- 
plicable to  them  during  the  war,  as  well  as  to 
all  the  provisions  of  the  present  treaty. 

The  period  from  July  28.  1914.  until  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty  shall 
be  excluded  in  considering  the  time  within 
which  a  patent  should  be  worked  or  trade- 
mark or  design  used,  and  it  is  further  agreed 
that  no  patent,  registered  trade-mark  or  de- 
sign in  force  on  July  28.  1914.  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  revocation  or  cancellation  by  reason 
only  of  the  failure  to  work  such  patent  or 
use  such  trade-mark  or  design  for  two  yeara 
after  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty.  Article  260. 

The  rights  of  priority  provided  by  article  IV. 
oi  the  international  convention  for  the  pro- 
tection of  industrial  property  of  Paris  of 
March  20.  1883.  revised  at  Washington  in 
1911  or  by  any  other  convention  or  statute, 
for  the  filing  or  registration  of  applications 
for  patents  or  models  of  utility,  and  for  the 
registration  of  trade-marks,  designs  and  mod- 
els which  had  not  expired  on  July  28.  1914, 
and  those  which  have  arisen  during  the  war. 
or  would  have  arisen  but  for  the  war.  shall 
be  extended  by  each  of  the  high  contracting 
parties  in  favor  of  all  nationals  of  the  other 
high  contracting  parties  for  a  period  of  eix 
months  after  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  treaty. 

Nevertheless,  such  extension  shall  in  no  way 
affect  the  right  of  any  of  the  high  contracting 
parties  or  oi  any  person  who  before  tne  com- 
ing into  force  of  the  present  treaty  was  bona 
fide  in  possession  of  any  nghts  of  industna] 
property  conflicting  with  rights  applied  for 
by  another  who  claims  rights  of  .priority  in 
respect  of  them,  to  exercise  such  nghts  by  it- 
self or  himself  personally,,  or.  by  such  agents 
or  licensees  as  derived  their  nghts  from  it  01 
him  before  the  coming  into  force  of  the  pres- 
ent treaty:  and  such  persons  shall  not  be 
amenable  to  any  action  or  other  process  of 
law  in  respect  of  infringement. 
Article  261. 


or  by  persons  residing  or  carrying  on  business 
within  the  territory  of  that  empire  on  the  one 
part,  and  on  the  other  part  by  persons  residing 
or  carrying  on  business  in  the  territory  of  the 
allied  or  associated  powers,  or  persons  who 
are  nationals  of  such  powers  respect- vely.  or 
by  any  one  deriving  title  dunng  the. war  from 
such  persons,  by  reason  of  any  action  which 
has  taken  place  within  the  terntory  of  the 
other  party  between  the  date  of  the  exist 
ence  of  a  state  of  war  and  that  of  the  com 
ing  into  force  of  the  .present  treaty,  which 
might  constitute  an  mfn-ngemerit  of  the  nghti 
of  industrial  property  or  nghts  of  literary  and 
artistic  property,  either  existing  at  any  timr 
during  the  war  or  revived  under  the  pro 
visions  of  articles  259  and  260. 

Eaually    no   action  for   infringement    of   in 
dustrial.  literary  or  artistic  ; property  rierhts  by 
such  persons  shall  at  any  t^me  be  permissibl 
in  repect  oi  the  sale  or  offering  for  sale  for 
period  oi   one  year  after  the  sie-nat.ure   of  th 
present  treaty  in  the  temtories  of  the  allied  o 
associated  powers  on  the  one  hand  or  Austn 
on  the  other,  of  products  or  articles  manufac 
tured.    or   of   literary    or     artistic  works   pufo 
lished    during-  the  period  between  the  existence 
oi    a   state   of  war   and    the  signature    of    th 
present  treaty,  or  against  those  who  have  ac 
auired    and  continue    to   use   them.    .Tt   is   un 
derstood.  nevertheless,  that  this  provision  ehal 
not  aonlv  when  the  possessor  of  the  rights  w.at 
domiciled  or  had  an  industrial  or  commeraa 
establishment  in  the  districts  occupied  by  th 
Austro-Hunfi-arian  armies  durine  the  war. 

This  article  .shall  not  apply  as  between  th 
United  States  of  America  on  the  one  hand  anx 
Austria  on  the  other. 

Article  263. 

Licenses  in  respect  of  industrial,  literary  o 
artistic  property  concluded  before  the  war  be- 


eU"' 


_  nationals  of  the  allied  or  associated 
owers  or  persons  residing  in  their  territory  or 
arrying  on  business  therein,  on  the  one  Dart, 
nd  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  empire. 
~.e  other  part,  shall  be  considered  aft  can- 
as  from  the  date  of  the  existence  of  a 
tate  of  war  between  the  former  Austro-Hun- 
arian  monarchy  and  the  allied  or  associated 
owers.  But.  in  any  case,  the  former  bene- 
Lciary  of  a  contract  of  this  bind  shall  have 
he  nerht.  within  a  period  of  six  months  after 
he  coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 
-  demand  from  the  proprietor  of  tho  ri*rht» 

e  grant   of  a  new  license,   the  conditions   of 

which,    in   default    of    agreement    between    the 

>arties.   shall  be   fixed   by   the   duly   Qualified 

ribunal   in    the   country  under   whose   lesnsla- 

;ion   the  rights  had  been  acauired.   except   in 

he  case   of  licenses  held  in  respect   of  risrhts 

acquired,  under  the  law  of  the  former  Austrian 

empire.     In  such  cases  the  conditions  shall  be 

ixed  by  the  mixed  arbitral  tribunal    referred 

o  in  section  VI    of   this  part.     The  tribunal 

may.  if  necessary,   fix  al&o  the  amount  which 

t  may  deem  iust  should  be  paid  by  reason  of 

he  use  of  the  rights  during-  the  war. 

No  license  in  respect  of  industrial,  literary 
or  artistic  property  granted  under  the  special 
war  legislation  of  any  allied  or  associated 
power  shall  be  affected  by  the  continued  ex- 
stence  of  any  license  entered  into  before  the 
war.  but  shall  remain  valid  and  oi  lull  effect, 
and  a  license  so  granted  to  the  former  bene- 
ficiary of  a  license  entered  into  before  t&e  war 
ibe  considered  as  substituted  for  euch  li- 
cense. •  *-*» 

Where  sums  have  been  paid  during  the  war 
n  respect  of  the  rights  of  persona  referred  to 
in  article  249  (b)  and  by  virtue  oi  a  license 
or  agreement  concluded  before  the  war  in  re- 
spect of  rights  of  industrial  property  or  lor 
reproduction  or  the  representation  of  literary, 
dramatic  or  artistic  works,  these  sums  shall 
be  dealt  with  in  the  same  manner  aa  other 
loots  or  credits  oi  such,  loeraons  as  provided 
by  the  present  treaty. 

This  article  shall  not  apcly  as  between  the 
United  States  of  America  on  the  one  hand  and 
Austria  on  the  other. 

Section    VIII.— Special   Provisions   Relating   to 
Transferred  Territory. 

Article  S6S. 

Of  the  individuals  and  Juridical  persons  "pre- 
viously nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  em- 
pire, including  Bosnia-Herzesrovinians.  those 
who  acauare  is>so  facto  under  the  present 
treaty  the  nationality  of  an  allied  or  associated 
power  are  designated  in  the  provisions  which 
follow  by  the  expression  "nationals  of  the 
former  Austrian  empire";  the  remainder  are 
designated  by  the  expresson  '_' Austrian  _na£ 
tionala.1*  *  > 

Article  26}. 

The  inhabitants  of  territories  transferred  by 
virtue  of  the  present  treaty  shall,  notwith- 
standing this  transfer  and  the  change  of  na- 
tionality conseauent  thereon,  continue  to  en- 
joy in  Austria  all  the  rie-hts  in  industrial,  lit- 
erary and  artistic  property  to  which  they  were 
entitled  under  the  legislation  in  force  at  toe 
time  of  the  transfer. 

Article  265. 

The  questions  concerning  the  nationals  of  tile 
former  Austrian  empire,  as  well  as  Austrian 
nationals,  their  rights  privileges  and  property. 
which  are  not  dealt  with  in  the  present  treaty. 
or  in  the  treaty  -prepared  for  the  purpose  of 
reerulatins  certain  immediate  relations  between 
the  states  to  which  terntory  of  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  has  been  trans- 
ferred, or  arising-  from  the  dismemiberment  of 
that  monarchy  shall  form  the  subject  of  BPC- 
cial  conventions  between  the  states  concerned, 
including  Austria;  such  conventions  shall  not 
in  any  way  conflict  with  the  provisions  of  the 
present  treaty.  For  this  purpose  it  is  agreed 
that  three  months  from  the  coming  into  fon» 
of  the  present  treaty  a  conference  of  delegate* 
of  the  states  in  question  •hall  take  place. 


666 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Article  266. 

The  Austrian  government  shall  without  de- 
lay restore  to  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian 
empire  their  property,  rights  and  (interests  sit- 
uated in  Austrian  territore. 

The  amount  of  taxes  and  imposts  on  capital 
which  have  been  levied  or  increased  on  the 
property,  rights  and  interests  of  nationals  of 
the  former  Austrian  empire  since  Nov.  3.  1918. 
or  whiph  shall  be  levued  or  increased  until 
restitution  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  the  present  treaty,  or.  in  the  case  of  prop- 
erty., risrhts  and  interests  which  have  not  been 
subjected  to  exceptional  measures  of  war.  un- 
til three  months  from  the  comine-  into  force  of 
the  present  treaty,  shall  be  returned  to  the 

The  property,  righto  and  interests  restored 
ehall  not  be  subject  to  any  tax  levied  in  re- 
spect of  any  other  property  or  any  other  busi- 
ness owned  by  the  same  person  alter  such 
property  had  been  removed  from  Austria,  or 
such  business  had  ceased  to  be  carried  on 
therein.  If  taxes  of  any  kind  have  been  paid 
in  anticipation  in  respect  of  property,  rights 
and  interests  removed  from  Austria,  the  pro- 
portion of  such  taxes  paid  for  any  period  sub- 
sequent to  the  removal  of  the  property,  rights 
and  interests  in  question  shall  be  returned  to 


currency 
- 


the  owners. 

Cash  assets  shall  be  paid  in  tl 
and  at  the  rate  of  exchange  provii 
case  of  debts  under  articles  248  (d)  an 

Legacies,  donations  and  funds  given  or  es- 
tablished in  the  former  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy  for  the  benefit  of  nationals  of  the 
former  Austrian  empire  shall  be  placed  by 
Austria,  so  far  as  the  funds  in  question  are  in 
her  territory,  at  the  disposition  of  the  allied 
or  associated  power  of  which  the  persons  in 
question  are  now  nationals,  in  the  condition 
in  which  these  funds  were  on  July  28.  1914. 
taking  account  of  payments  properly  made  for 
the  purpose  of  the  trust. 

Article  267. 

Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  article 
249  and  the  annex  to  section  IV.  the  property, 
rights  and  interests  of  Austrian  nationals  or 
companies  controlled  by  them  situated  in  the 
territories  which  formed  part  of  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  shall  not  be  sub- 
ject to  retention  or  liquidation  in  accordance 
with  these  provis:ons.  Such  property,  rights 
and  interests  shall  be  restored  to  their  owners 
freed  from  any  measure  of  this  kind,  or  from 
any  other  measure  of  transfer,  compulsory 
administration  or  sequestration,  taken  since 
Nov.  3.  1918.  until  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  present  treaty,  in  the  condition  in  which 
they  were  before  the  application  of  the  meas- 
ures in  question. 

The  property,    rights   and  interests  here  re- 
ferred to  do  not  inc'    J 
subject  of  article   " 
Clauses) . 

Nothing 
visions  laid  down  in  part 


roperty  which  is  the 
part  IX.    (Financial 


n  this  article  shall  affect  the  pro- 
VIII.    (Reparation). 


ng  ir 

visions  laid  down  in  part  VIII.  (Reparation), 
section  I.,  annex  III.,  as  the  property  of  Aus- 
trian nationals  m  ships  and  boats. 

Article  268. 

All  contracts  for  the  sale  of  goods  for  de- 
livery by  sea  concluded  before  Jan.  1.  1917. 
between  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian  em- 
pire on  the  one  part  and  the  admnrstrations 
of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy. 
Austria,  or  Bosnia-Herzegovina,  or  Austrian  na- 
tionals on  the  other  part  shall  be  annulled,  ex- 
cept in  respect  of  any  debt  or  other  pecuniary 
obligation  arising  out  of  any  act  done  or 
money  paid  thereunder.  All  other  contracts 
between  such  parties  which  were  made  before 
Nov.  1.  1918.  and  were  in  force  at  that  date 
shall  be  maintained. 

Article  269. 

With  regard  to  prescriptions,  limitations  and 
forfeitures  in  the  transferred  territories,  the 
provisions  of  articles  252  and  253  shall  be 
applied  with  substitution  for  the  expression 
s  of  war"  of  the  expression  "date, 

all  be  fixed  by  administrative  decision 

each  allied  or  associated  power,   at  which 


relations  between  the  parties  became  impos- 
sible in  fact  or  in  law."  and  for  the  expres- 
s.on  "duration  of  the  war"  of  the  expression 
"period  between  the  date  above  indicated  and 
that  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 

Article  270. 

Austria  undertakes  not  to  impede  in  any  way 
the  transfer  of  property,  rights  or  interests 
belonging  to  a  company  incorporated  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  laws  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy,  in  which  allied  or  as- 
sociated nationals  are  interested,  to  a  com- 
pany incorporated  in  accordance  with  the  lawe 
of  any  other  power,  to  facilitate  all  measures 
necessary  for  giving  effect  to  such  transfer, 
and  to  render  any  assistance  which  may  be 
required  for  effecting  the  restoration  to  allied 
or  associated  nationals,  or  to  companies  in 
which  they  are  interested,  of  their  property. 
rights  or  interests  whether  in  Austria  or  in 
transferred  territory. 

Article  271. 

Section  in.,  except  article  248  (d).  shall  not 
appl/  to  debts  contracted  between  Austrian  na- 
tionals and  nationals  of  the  former  Austrian 
empire. 

Subject  to  the  special  provisions  laid  down 
in  article  248  (d)  for  the  case  of  the  new 
states,  these  debts  shall  be  paid  in  the  legal 
currency  at  the  time  of  pajjrnent  of  the  state 
of  which  the  national  of  the  former  Austrian 
empire  has  become  a  national,  and  the  rate 
of  exchange  applicable  shall  be  the  average 
rate  quoted  on  the  Geneva  exchange  during 
the  two  months  preceding  Nov.  1.  1918. 
Article  272. 

Insurance  compan'es  whose  principal  place 
of  business  was  in  territory  which  previously 
formed  part  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian 
monarchy  shall  have  the  right  to  carry  on 
their  business  in  Austrian  territory  for  a 
period  of  ten  years  from  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty,  without  the  rights 
which  they  previously  enjoyed  being  affected 
in  any  way  by  the  change  of  nationality. 

During  the  above  period  the  operations  of 
such  companies  shall  not  be  subjected  by  Aus- 
tria to  any  higher  tax  or  charge  than  shall 


be  imposed  on  the  operations  of  national  com- 
panies. No  measure  in  derogation  of  their 
rights  of  property  shall  be  imposed  upon  them 
which  ia  not  equally  applied  to  the  property. 
rights  or  interests  of  Austrian  insurance  com- 
panies; adequate  compensation  shall  be  paid 
in  the  event  of  the  application  of  any  such 
measures. 

These  provisions  shall  only  apply  so  long  as 
Austrian  insurance  companies  previously  car- 
rying on  business  in  the  transferred  terri- 
tories. even  if  their  principal  place  of  busi- 
ness was  outside  such  territories,  are  recipro- 
cally accorded  a  similar  right  to  carry  on 
their  business  therein. 

After  the  period  of  ten  years  above  referred 
to.  the  provisions  of  article  228  of  this  part 
of  the  present  treaty  shall  apply  in  regard 
to  the  allied  and  associated  companies  in 
question. 

Article  275. 

Special  agreements  will  determine  the  divi- 
sion cf  the  property  of  associations  or  public 
corporations  carrying  on  their  functions  in 
territory  which  is  divided  in  consequence  of 
the  present  treaty. 

Article  274. 

A  special  convention  shall  determine  all 
questions  relative  to  the  records,  registers  and 
copies  in  connection  with  the  protection  of 
industrial,  literary  or  artistic  property,  and 
fix  their  eventual  transmission  or  communica- 
tion by  the  offices  of  the  former  Austro-Hun- 
garian  monarchy  to  the  offices  of  the  states 
to  which  is  transferred  territory  of  the  said 
monarchy  and  to  the  offices  of  new  states. 

States  to  which  territory  of  the  former 
Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  is  transferred  and 
states  arising  from  the  dismemberment  of  that 
monarchy  shall  recognize  and  give  effect  to 
rights  of  industrial,  literary  and  artistic  prop- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


667 


erty  in  force  in  the  territory  at  the  time 
when  it  passes  to  the  state  in  question,  or 
re-established  or  restored  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  article  258.  These  rights 
shall  remjiin  in  force  in  that  territory  for  the 
same  period  as  that  for  which  they  would 
have  remained  in  force  under  the  law  of  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy. 
Article  275. 

Without  prejudice  to  other  provisions  of 
the  present  treaty,  the  Austrian  government 
undertakes,  so  far  as  it  is  concerned,  to  hand 
over  to  any  power  to  which  territory  of  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy  is  trans- 
ferred or  which  arises  from  the  .dismember- 
ment of  that  monarchy  such  portion  of  th<? 
reserves  accumulated  by  the  governments  or 
the  administrations  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hungarian  monrrchy  or  by  public  or  private 
organizations  under  their  control,  as  is  at- 
tributable to  the  carrying  on  of  social  or  state 
insurance  in  such  territory. 

The  powers  to  which  these  funds  are  hand- 
ed over  must  apply  them  to  the  performance 
of  the  obligations  arising1  from  such  insur- 
ances. 

The  conditions  of  the  delivery  will  be  de- 
termined by  special  conventions  to  be  con- 
cluded between  the  Austrian  government  and 
the  governments  concerned. 

In  case  these  special  conventions  are  not 
concluded  in  accordance  with  the  above  para- 
graph within  three  months  after  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  the  condi- 
tions of  transfer  shall  in  each  case  be  re- 
ferred to  a  commission  of  five  members,  one 
of  whom  shall  be  apnointed  by  the  Austrian 
government,  one  by  the  other  interested  gov- 
ernment and  three  by  the  governing  body  of 
the  international  labor  office  from  the  na- 
tionals of  other  states.  This  commission 
shall  by  majority  vote  within  three  months 
after  appointment  adopt  recommendations  for 
submission  to  the  council  of  the  league  of 
nations,  and  the  decisions  of  .the  council 
shall  forthwith  be  accepted  as  final  by  Aus- 
tria and  the  other  government  concerned. 
PART  XI.— AERIAL  NAVIGATION. 
Article  276. 

The  aircraft  of  the  allied  and  associated 
powers  shall  have  full  liberty  of  passage  and 
landing  over  and  in  the  territory  of  Austria 
and  shall  enjoy  the  same  privileges  as  Aus- 
trian aircraft,  particularly  in  case  of  dis- 

Article  277. 

The  aircraft  of  the  allied  and  associated 
powers  shall,  while  in  transit  to  any  foreign 
country  whatever,  enjoy  the  right  of  flying 
over  the  territory  of  Austria  without  landing, 
subject  always  to  any  regulations  which  may 
be  made  by  Austria  and  which  shall  be 
applicable  equally  to  the  aircraft  of  Austria 
and  to  those  of  the  allied  and  associated 
countries.  ^  ^ 

All  aerodromes  in  Austria  opened  to  national 
public  traffic  shall  be  open  to  the  aircraft  of 
the  allied  and  associated  powers,  and  in  any 
such  aerodromes  such  aircraft  shall  be  treated 
on  a  footing  of  equality  with  Austrian  air- 
craft as  regards  charges  of  every  description, 
including  charges  for  landing  and  accommo- 

daU°n-  Article  279. 

Subject  to  the  present  provisions,  the  rights 
of  passage,  transit  and  landing  provided  for 
in  articles  276.  277  and  278  are  subject  to 
the  observance  of  such  regulations  as  Austria 
may  consider  it  necessary  to  enact,  but  such 
regulations  shall  be  applied  without  distinc- 
tion to  Austrian  aircraft  and  to  those  of  the 
allied  and  associated  countries. 
Article  280. 

Certificates  of  nationality,  airworthiness  or 
competency  and  licenses  issued  or  recognized 
as  valid  by  any  of  the  allied  or  associated  pow- 
ers, shall  be  recognized  in  Austria  as  valid 


and    as    equivalent    to  the   certificates    and   li- 
censes issued  by  Austria. 

Article  281. 

As  regards  internal  commercial  air  traffic,  the 
aircraft  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
shall  enjoy  in  Austria  most  favored  nation 
treatment. 

Article  282. 

Austria  undertakes  to  enforce  the  necessary 
measures  to  insure  thafr  all  Austrian  aircraft 
flying  over  her  territory  shall  comply  with  the 
rules  as  to  lights  and  signals,  rules  of  the  air 
and  rules  for  air  traffic  on  and  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  aerodromes,  which  have  been  laid 
down  in  the  convention  relative  to  aerial  nav- 
igation concluded  between  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers 

Article  283. 

The  obligations  imposed  by  the  preceding: 
provisions  shall  remain  in  force  until  Jan.  1. 
1923.  unless  before  that  date  Austria  shall 
have  been  admitted  into  the  league  of  na- 
tions or  shall  have  been  authorized  by  consent 
of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  to  adhere 
to  the  convention  relative  to  aerial  navigation 
concluded  between  those  powers. 

PART  XII— PORTS.  WATERWAYS  AND 

RAILWAYS. 

Section  I. — General  Provisions. 
Article  2 84. 

Austria  undertakes  to  grant  freedom  of  tran- 
sit through  her  territories  on  the  routes  most 
convenient  for  international  transit,  either  by 
rail,  navigable  waterway  or  canal,  to  per- 
sons, goods,  vessels,  carriages,  wagons  and 
mails  coming  from  or  going  to  the  territories 
of  any  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers, 
whether  contiguous  or  not. 

Such  persons,  goods,  vessels,  carriages,  wag- 
ons and  mauls  shall  not  be  subjected  to  any 
transit  dutv  or  to  any  undue  delays  or  re- 
striction, and  shall  be  entitled  in  Austria  to 
national  treatment  as  regards  charges,  facil- 
ities and  all  other  matters. 

Goods  in  transit  shall  be  exempt  from  all 
customs  or  other  similar  duties. 

All  charges  imposed   on  transport  in  transit 


shall  be  reasonable,  having-  regard  to  the  con- 
ditions of  the  traffic.  No  charge  facility  or 
restriction  shall  depend  directly  or  indirectly  on 


the  ownership  or  on  the  nationality  of  the  shit* 
or  other  means  of  transport  on  which  any  part 
of  the  through  journey  has  been  or  is  to  be 
accomplished. 

Article  285. 

Austria  undertakes  neither  to  impose  nor  to 
maintain  any  control  over  transmigration  traf- 
fic through  her  territories  beyond  measures 
necessary  to  insure  that  passengers  are  bona 
fide  in  transit:  nor  to  allow  any  shipping  com- 
pany or  any  other  private  body,  corporation  or 
person  interested  in  the  traffic  to  take  any  cart 
whatever  in.  or  to  exercise  any  direct  or  indi- 
rect influence  over,  any  administrative  service 
that  may  be  necessary  for  this  purpose. 
Article  286. 

Austria  undertakes  to  make  no  discrimina- 
tion or  preference,  direct  or  indirect,  in  the 
duties,  charges  and  prohibitions  relating  to 
importations  into  or  exportations  from  her  ter- 
ritories, or.  subject  to  the  special  engagements 
contained  in  the  present  treaty,  in  the  charges 
and  conditions  of  transport  of  eroods  or  per- 
sons entering-  or  leaving-  her  territories  ba^ed 
on  the  frontier  crossed:  or  on  the  kind,  owner- 
ship, or  flag-  of  the  means  of  transport  (in- 
cluding aircraft)  employed:  or  on  the  original 
or  immediate  place  of  departure  of  the  vessel, 
wasron  or  aircraft  or  other  means  of  transport 
employed,  or  its  ultimate  or  intermediate  des- 
tination: or  on  the  route  of  or  places  of  trans- 
shipment on  the  journey:  or  on  whether  the 
eroods  are  imported  or  exported  directly 
through  an  Austrian  port  or  indirectly  throuerh 
a  foreign  port:  or  on  whether  the  goods  are 
imported  or  exported  by  land  or  by  air. 

Austria  particularly  undertakes  not  to  es- 
tablish against  the  ports  and  vessels  of  any  of 


668 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


the  allied  and  associated  powers  any  surtax  or 
any  direct  or  indirect  bounty  for  exoort  or  im- 
oort  >b.v  Austrian  uoits  or  ships,  or  b.v  those  of 
another  .-power,  lor  example  b.v  means  of  com- 
bined tariffs.  She  further  undertakes  that 
persons  or  groods  passing-  through  a  port  or 
using1  a  vessel  of  any  of  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers  shall  not  be  subjected  to  any 
formality  or  delay  whatever  to  which  such 
oersons  or  goods  would  not  be  subjected  if 
they  passed  through  an  Austrian  port  or  a 
port  of  any  other  power,  or  used  an  Austrian 
vessel  or  a  vessel  of  any  other  power. 
Article  287. 

All  necessary  administrative  and  technical 
measures  shall  be  taken  to  expedite,  as  much 
aa  possible,  the  transmission  of  groods  across 
the  Austrian  frontiers  and  to  insure  their 
forwarding1  and  transport  from  such  frontiers, 
irrespective  of  whether  such  goods  are  coming1 
from  or  going  to  the  territories  of  the  allied 
and  associated  powers  or  are  in  transit  from 
or  to  those  territories  under  the  same  material 
conditions  in  such  matters  as  rapidity  of  car- 
riage and  care  en  route  as  are  enjoyed  by  other 
goods  of  the  same  kind  carried  on  Austrian 
territory  under  similar  conditions  of  transport. 

In  particular,  the  transport  of  perishable 
goods  shall  be  promptly  and  regularly  carried 
out,  and  the  customs  formalities  shall  be  effect- 
ed in  such  a  way  as  to  allow  the  goods  to  be 
carried  straight  through  by  trains  which  make 
connection. 

Article  288. 

The  seaports;  of  the  allied  and  associated 
powers  are  entitled  to  all  favors  and  to  all  re- 
duced tariffs  granted  on  Austrian  railways  or 
navigable  waterways  for  the  benefit  of  any 
port  of  another  power. 

Article  289. 

Austria  may  not  refuse  to  participate  in  the 
tariffs  or  combinations  of  tariffs  intended  to 
secure  for  ports  of  any  of  the  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers  advantages  similar  to  those 
grants  by  Austria  to  the  ports  of  any  other 
power. 

Section  II. — Navigation. 

Chapter  I. — Freedom  of  Navigation. 

Article  290. 

The  nationals  of  any  of  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers  as  well  as  their  vessels  and 
property  shall  enjoy  in  all  Austrian  ports  and 
on  the  inland  navigation  routes  oi  Austria  the 
same  treatment  in  all  respects  as  Austrian  na- 
tionals, vessels  and  property. 

In  particular  the  vessels  of  any  one  of  the 
allied  or  associated  powers  shall  be  entitled 
to  transport  goods  of  any  description,  and  pas- 
sengers, to  or  from  any  ports  or  places  in  Aus- 
trian territory  to  which  Austrian  vessels  may 
have  access,  under  conditions  which  shall  not  be 
more  onerous  than  those  applied  in  the  case  of 
national  vessels:  they  shall  be  treated  on  a 
footing  of  equality  with  national  vessels  a/s 
regards  port  and  harbor  facilities  and  charges 
of  every  description,  including  facilities  for 
stationing,  loading  and  unloading,  and  duties 
and  charges  of  tonnage,  harbor,  pilotage,  light- 
house, quarantine  and  all  analogous  duties  and 
changes  of  whatsoever  nature,  levied  in  the 
name  of  or  for  the  profit  of  the  government, 
public  functionaries,  private  individuals,  cor- 
porations or  establishments  of  any  kind. 

In  the  event  of  Austria  granting  a  preferen- 
tial regime  to  any  of  the  allied  or  associated 
powers  or  to  any  other  foreign  power,  this 
regime  shall  be  extended  immediately  and  un- 
conditionally to  all  the  allied  and  associated 
powers. 

There  shall  be  no  impediment  to  the  move- 
ment of  persons  or  vessels  other  than  those 
arising  from  prescriptions  concerning  customs, 
police,  sanitation,  emigration  and  immigration, 
and  those  relating-  to  the  import  and  export 
of  prohibited  goods.  Such  regulations  must 
be  reasonable  and  uniform  and  must  not  im- 
pede traffic  unnecessarily. 


Chapter   II. — Clauses    Relating    to    the 

Danube. 

1.    General  Clauses  Relating  to  River  Systems 

Declared  International. 

Article  291. 

The  following  river  is  declared  international: 
The  Danube  from  Ulm;  together  with  all  nav- 
gable  parts  of  the  river  system  which  nat- 
urally provide  more  than  one  state  with  ac- 
cess to  the  sea,  with  or  without  transshipment 
from  one  vessel  to  another,  as  well  as  the  por- 
tion of  the  course  of  the  Morava  (March) 
and  the  Thaya  (Theiss)  forming  the  frontier 
between  Czecho-Slovakia  and  Austria,  and  lat- 
eral canals  and  channels  constructed  either  to 
duplicate  or  to  improve  naturally  navigable 
sections  of  the  specified  river  system  or  to 
connect  two  naturally  navigable  sections  of 
the  same  river. 

The  same  shall  apply  to  the  Rhine-Danube 
navigable  waterway,  should  such  a  waterway 
be  constructed,  under  the  conditions  laid  down 
in  article  308. 

Any  part  of  the  above  mentioned  river  sys- 
tem which  is  not  included  in  the  general  defi- 
nition   may    be    declared    international    by    an 
agreement  between  the  riparian  states. 
Article  292. 

On  the  waterways  declared  to  be  interna- 
tional in  the  preceding  article,  the  nationals, 
property  and  flags  of  all  powers  shall  be 
treated  on  a  footing  of  perfect  equality,  no 
distinction  being  made  to  the  detriment  of  the 
nationals,  property  or  flag  of  any  power  be- 
tween them  and  the  nationals,  property  or  flag1' 
of  the  riparian  state  itself  or  of  the  most 
favored  nation. 

Article  29S. 

Austrian  vessels  shall  not  be  entitled  to 
carry  passengers  or  geods  by  regular  services 
between  the  ports  of  any  alHcd  or  associated 
power,  without  special  authority  from  such 

Article  *•«. 

Where  such  charges  are  not  precluded  by 
anjy  existing  convention,  charges  varying  on 
different  sections  of  a  river  may  be  levied  on 
vessels  using  the  navigable  channels  or  their 
approaches,  provided  that  they  are  intended 
solely  to  cover  equitably  the  cost  of  maintain- 
ing in  a  navigable  condition,  or  of  improving, 
the  river  and  its  approaches,  or  to  meet  ex- 
penditure incurred  in  the  interests  of  naviga- 
tion. The  schedule  of  such  charges  shall  be 
calculated  on  the  basis  of  .such  expenditure 
and  shall  be  posted  UP  in  the  ports.  These 
charges  shall  be  levied  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  render  any  detailed  examination  of  car- 
goes unnecessary,  except  in  cases  of  suspected 
fraud  or  contravention. 

Article  295. 

The  transit  of  vessels,  passengers  and  goods 
on  these  waterways  shall  be  effected  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  general  conditions  prescribed 
for  transit  in  section  I.  above. 

When  the  two  banks  of  an  international  river 
are  within  the  same  state  goods  in  transit  may 
be  placed  under  seal  or  in  tha  custody  of  cus- 
toms agents.  When  the  river  forms  a  fron- 
tier goods  and  passengers  in  transit  shall  be 
exempt  from  all  customs  formalities;  the  load- 
ing and  unloading  of  goods,  and  the  embarka- 
tion and  disembarkation  of  passengers,  shall 
only  take  place  in  the  ports  specified  by  the 
riparian  state. 

Article  296. 

No  dues  of  any  kind  other  than  those  pro- 
vided for  in  this  part  shall  be  levied  along 
the  course  or  at  the  mouth  of  these  water- 

Thi's  provision  shall  not  prevent  the  fixing; 
by  the  riparian  states  of  customs,  local  octroi 
or  consumption  duties,  or  the  creation  of  rea- 
sonable and  uniform  charges  levied  in  the 
ports  in  accordance  with  public  tariffs,  for  the 
use  of  cranes,  elevators,  quays,  warehouses 
and  other  similar  constructions. 


AHMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


669 


Article  297. 

In  default  of  any  *  special  organization  for 
carrying-  out  the  works  connected  with  the 
upkeep  and  improvement  of  the  international 
portion  of  a  navigable  system,  each  riparian 
state  shall  be  bound  to  take  the  necessary 
measures  to  remove  any  obstacle  er  danger  to 
navigation  and  to  insure  the  maintenance  of 
good  conditions  of  navigation. 

If  a  state  neglects  to  comply  with  this  ob- 
ligation any  riparian  state  or  any  state  rep- 
resented on  the  international  commission  may 
appeal  to  the  tribunal  instituted  for  this  pur- 
pose by  the  league  of  nations. 
Article  298. 

The  same  procedure  shall  be  followed  in  the 
case  of  a  riparian  state  undertaking  any  works 
of  a  nature  to  impede  navigation  in  the  in- 
ternational section.  The  tribunal  mentioned 
in  the  preceding  article  srall  be.  entitled  to 
enforce  the  suspension  or  suppression  of.  such 
works,  making  due  allowance  in  its  decisions 
for  all  rights  in  connection  with  irrigation, 
water  power,  fisheries  and  other  national  in- 
terests which,  with  the  consent  of  all  the 
riparian  states  or  of  all  the  states  repre- 
sented on  the  international  commission,  shall 
be  given  priority  over  the  requirements  ot 
navigation. 

Appeal  to  the  tribunal  of  the  league  of  na- 
tions does  not  require  the  suspension  of  the 

WOrkS*  Article   299. 

The  regime  set  out  in  articles  292  and  294 
to  298  above  shall  be  superseded  by  one  to 
be  laid  down  in  a  general  convention  drawn 
up  by  the  allied  and  associated  powers  and 
approved  by  the  league  of  nations,  relating 
to  the  waterways  recognized  in  such  conven- 
tion as  having  an  international  character.  This 
convention  shall  apply  in  particular  to  the 
whole  or  part  of  the  above  mentioned  river 
system  of  the  Danube,  and  such  other  parts 
of  that  river  system  as  may  be  covered  by 
a  general  definition. 

Austria  undertakes,  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  article  331.  to  adhere  to  the 
said  general  convention. 

Article  SOO. 

Austria  shall  cede  to  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers  concerned,  within  a  maximum 
period  of  three  months  from  -the  date  on 
which  notification  shall  be  given  her.  a.  pro- 
portion of  the  tugs  and  vessels  remaining 
registered  in  the  ports  of  the  river  system 
referred  to  in  article  ?.91  after  the  deduction 
of  those  surrendered  by  way  of  restitution 
or  reparation.  Austria  shall  m  the  same  way 
cede  material  of  all  kinds  necessary  to  the 
allied  and  associated  powers  •concerned  lor 
the  utilization  of  that  river  system. 

The  number  of  the  tugs  and  boats,  and  the 
amount  of  the  material  so  ceded,  and  their 
distribution,  shall  be  determined  by  an  arbi- 
trator or  arbitrators  nominated  by  the  United 
States  of  America,  due  regard  being  had  to 
the  legitimate  needs  of  the  parties  concerned 
and  particularly  to  the  shipping  traffic  during 
the  five  years  preceding  the  war. 

All  craft  so  ceded  shall  be  provided  with 
their  fittings  and  gear,  shall  be  in  a  good 
state  of  repair  and  in  condition  to  carry  goods 
and  shall  be  selected  from  among  those  most 

Wherever  the  cessions  made  under  the  pres- 
ent article  involve  a  change  of  ownership,  the 
arbitrator  or  arbitrators  shall  determine  the 


, 

the  manner  in  which  such  payment  is  to  be  ef 
fected  in  each  case.  If  the  arbitrator  or  arbi- 
trators find  that  the  whole  or  part  of  this  sum 
^ill  revert  directly  or  indirectly  to  states  from 
•whom  reparation  is  due.  they  shall  decide  the 
Bum  to  be  placed  under  this  head  to  the  credit 
of  the  said  states. 

As    regards    the    Danube    the    arbitrator    or 
arbitrators  referred  to  in  this  article  will  also 


decide  all  questions  as  to  the  permanent  allo- 
cation and  the  conditions  thereof  of  the  ves- 
sels whose  ownership  or  nationality  is  in 
dispute  between  states.  Pending  final  alloca- 
tion the  control  of  these  vessels  shall  be 
vested  in  a  commission  consisting  of  repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States  of  America, 
the  Bntish  empire.  France  and  Italy,  who 
will  be  empowered  to  make  provisional 
arrangements  for  the  working  of  these  ves- 
sels in  the  general  interest  by  any  local 
organization,  or  failing  such  arrangements  by 
themselves,  without  prejudice  to  the  final 
allocation. 

As  far  as  possible  these  provisional  arrang-e- 
mcnts  will  be  on  a  commercial  basis,  the  net 
receipts    by    the    commission    for    the   hire    of 
these    vessels    being    disposed    of    as    directed 
by    the    reparation    commission. 
2.    Special  Clauses  Relating  to  the  Danube 
Article  SOI. 

The  European  commission  of  the  Danube 
reassumes  the  powers  it  possessed  before  the 
war.  Nevertheless,  as  a  provisional  measure, 
only  representatives  of  Great  Britain,  France. 
Italy  and  Roumania  shall  constitute  this  com- 
mission. 

Article  S02. 

From  the  point  where  the  competence  of  the 
European  commission  ceases,  the  Danube  sys- 
tem referred  to.  in  article  291  shall  be  placed 
under  the  administration  of  an  international 
commission  composed  as  follows: 

Two     representatives     of     German    riparian 

StcltGS  I 

,  One  representative  of  each  other  riparian 
sicitG  r 

One  representative  of  each  nonriparian  state 
represented  in  the  future  on  the  European 
commission  of  the  Danube 

If  certain  of  these,  representatives  cannot  be 
appointed    at    the    time    of    the    coming    into 
force    of   the  present   treaty,    the   decisions   of 
tne  commission  shall  nevertheless  be  valid. 
Article  SOS. 

The    international    commission    provided    for 


ally  the  administration  of  the  river  in  *.„»- 
formity  with  the  provisions  of  article  292 
and  294  to  298  until  such  time  as  a  definitive 
statute  regarding  the  Danube  is  concluded  by 
the  powers  nominated  by  the  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers. 

.The  decisions  of  this  international  commis- 
sion shall  be  taken  by  a  majority  vote.  The 
salaries  of  the  commissioners  shall  be  fixed 
i.nd  paid  by  their  respective  countries. 

,As  a  provisional  measure  any  deficit  in  the 


and  paid  by  their  respective  countries. 

,   .        isional  measure  any 
administrative    expense     of     this   international 


commission     shall    be    borne     equally   by   the 
states  represented  on  the  commission. 

In    particular    this    commission    shall    regu- 
late the  licensing  of  pilots,  charges  for  pilot- 
age and  the  administration  of  the  pilot  service 
Article  30}. 

Austria  agrees  to  accept  the  regime  which 
shall  be  laid  down  for  the  Danube  by  a  con- 
ference of  the  powers  nominated  by  the  allied 
and  associated  powers,  which  shall  meet  with- 
in one  year  after  the  coming  into  force  of  the 
present  treaty,  and  at  which  Austrian  repre- 
sentatives may  be  present. 

Article  SOS. 

The  mandate  given  by  article  57  of  the 
treaty  of  Berlin  of  July  13,  1878,  to  Austria- 
Hungary,  and  transferred  b.v  her  to  Hungary, 
to  carry  out  works  at  the  Iron  Gates  is  abro- 
gated. The  commission  intrusted  with  the  ad- 
ministration of  this  part  of  the  rivf»r  shall 
lay  down  provisions  for  the  settlement  of  ac- 
counts subject  to  the  financial  provisions  of 
the  present  treaty.  Charges  which  may  be  nec- 
essary shall  in  no  case  be  levied  by  Hungary. 
Article  S06. 

Should  the  Czechoslovak  state,  the  Serb- 
Croat-Slovene  atate.  or  Roumania.  •with  the 


670 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


authorization  of  or  under  mandate  from  the 
international  commission.,  undertake  main- 
tenance improvement,  weir  or  other  works 
on  a  part  of  the  river  system  which  forms 
a  frontier,  these  states  shall  enjoy  on  the 
opposite  bank,  and  also  on  the  part  of  the 
bed  which  is  6utside  their  territory,  all  neces- 
sary facilities  for  the  survey,  execution  and 
maintenance  of  such  works, 
x  Article  807. 

Austria  shall  be  obliged  to  make  to  the 
European  commission  of  the  Danube  all  resti- 
tutions, reparations  and  indemnities  for  dam- 
ages inflicted  on  the  commission  during"  the 

Article  308. 

Should  a  deep  draft  Rhine-Danube  navi- 
gable waterway  be  constructed.  Austria  hereby 
undertakes  to  accept  the  application  to  the 
said  navigable  waterway  of  the  same  regime 
as  that  prescribed  in  articles  292  and  294  to 
299  of  the  present  treaty. 

Chapter    III.— Hydraulic    System. 
Article  809. 

In  default  of  any  provisions  to  the  con- 
trary, when  as  the  result  of  the  fixing  of  a 
new  frontier  the  hydraulic  system  (canaliza- 
tion, inundations,  irrigation,  drainage  or  sim- 
ilar matters)  in  a  state  is  dependent  on  works 
executed  within  the  territory  of  another  state. 
or  when  use  is  made  on  the  territory  of  a 
state,  in  virtue  of  prewar  usage,  of  water  or 
hydraulic  power,  the  source  of  which  is  on  the 
territory  of  another  state,  an  agreement  shall 
be  made  between  the  states  concerned  to  safe- 
guard the  interests  and  rights  acquired  by 
each  of  them.  1.1,1, 

Failing   an   agreement,    the    matter   shall  be 
regulated   by    an   arbitrator   appointed  by   the 
council  of  the  league  of  nations. 
Article  310. 

Unless  otherwise  provided,  when  use  is 
made  for  municipal  or  domestic  purposes  in 
one  state  of  electricity  or  water,  the  source 
of  which  as  the  result  of  the  fixing  of  a  new 
frontier  is  on  the  territory  of  another  state, 
an  agreement  shall  be  made  between  the 
states  concerned  to  safeguard  the  interests  and 
rights  acquired  by  each  of  them. 

Pending  an.  agreement,  central  electric  sta- 
tions and  waterworks  shall  be  required  to  con- 


tinue the  supply  up  to  an  amount  correspond- 
to  the  undertak 
on  Nov.  3.    1918. 


ing  to  the  undertakings  and  contracts  in  force 


Failing  an  agreement,  the  matter  shall  be 
regulated  by  an  arbitrator  appointed  by  the 
council  of  the  league  of  nations. 

Section  HI.— Railways. 

Chapter  I.— Freedom  of  Transit  to  the  Adriatic 
for  Austria. 
Article  311. 

Free  access  to  the  Adriatic  sea  Is  accorded  to 
Austria,  who  with  this  object  will  enjoy  free- 
dom of  transit  over  the  territories  and  in  the 
ports  severed  from  the  former  Austro-Hunga- 
nan  monarchy. 

Freedom  of  transit  is  the  freedom  defined  in 
article  284  until  such  time  as  a  general  con- 
vention on  the  subject  shall  have  been  con- 
cluded between  the  allied  and  associated  pow- 
ers, whereupon  the  dispositions  of  the  new 
convention  shall  be  substituted  therefor. 

Special  conventions  between  the  states  or 
administrations  concerned  will  lay  down  the 
conditions  of  the  exercise  of  the  right  accord- 
ed above  and  will  settle  in  particular  the 
method  of  using  the  ports  and  the  free  zones 
existing  in  them,  the  establishment  of  interna- 
tional (joint)  services  and  tariffs  including 
through  tickets  and  waybills,  and  the  mainte- 
nance of  the  convention  of  Berne  of  Oct.  14, 
1890.  and  its  supplemental  provisions  until 
its  replacement  by  a  new  convention. 

Freedom  of  transit  will  extend  to  postal, 
telegraphic  and  telephonic  services. 


Chapter  II.  —  Clauses  Relating  to  International 

Transport. 
Article  312. 

Goods  coming  from  the  territories  of  the  al- 
lied and  associated  powers  and  going-  to  Aus- 
tria. or  in  transit  through  Austria  from  or 
to  the  territories  of  the  allied  and  associated 
powers,  shall  enjoy  on  the  Austrian  railways 
as  regards  charges  to  be  collected  (rebates  and 
drawbacks  being  taken  into  account),  facilities 
and  all  other  matters,  the  most  favorable 
treatment  applied  to  goods  of  the  same  kind 
carried  on  any  Austrian  lines,  either  in  inter- 
nal traffic  or  for  export,  import  or  in  transit 
under  similar  conditions  of  transport,  for  ex- 
ample as  regards  length  of  route.  The  same 
rule  shall  be  applied,  on  the  request  of  one  or 
more  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers,  to 
goods  specially  designated  by  such  power  or 
powers  coming  from  Austria  and  going  to 
their  territories. 

International  tariffs  established  in  accordance 
with  the  rates  referred  to  in  the  preceding1 
paragraph  and  involving  through  waybills 
shall  be  established  when  one  of  the  allied 
and  associated  powers  shall  require  it  from 

However,  without  prejudice  to  the  provisions 
of  articles  288  and  289,  Austria  undertakes  to 
maintain  on  her  own  lines-  the  regime  of  tar- 
iffs existing  before  the  war  as  regards  traffic 
to  Adriatic  and  Black  sea  ports,  from  the  point 
ol  view  of  competition  with  North  German 
ports. 

Article  313. 

From  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present 
treaty  the  high  contracting  parties  shall  renew. 
in  so  far  as  concerns  them  and  under  the  re- 
serves indicated  in  the  second  paragraph  of 
the  present  article,  the  conventions  and  ar- 
rangements signed  at  Berne  on  Oct.  14,  1890, 
16,  1895.  June  16.  1898. 


ly  16,   1 

1906.  reg-ardingr  the  transporta- 
il. 


Sept.  20.  1893,  Jul 

and  Sept.   19, 

tion  of  goods  . 

If  within  five  years  from  the  date  of  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  treaty  a  new 
convention  for  the  transportation  of  passen- 
gers, luggage  and  goods  by  rail  shall  have  been 
concluded 


to  replace  the  Berne  convention  of 
Oct.  14.  1890.  and  the  subsequent  additions 
referred  to  above,  this  new  convention  and 
the  supplementary  provisions  for  international 
transport  by«  rail  which  may  be  based  on  it 
shall  bind  Austria,  even  if  slie  shall  have 
refused  to  take  part  in  the  preparation  of  the 
convention  or  to  subscribe  to  it.  Until  a  new 
convention  shall  have  been  concluded.  Austria 
shall  conform  to  the  provisions  of  the  Berne 
convention  and  the  subsequent  additions  re- 
ferred to  above,  and  to  the  current  supple- 
mentary provisions. 

Article  314. 

Austria  'Shall  be  bound  to  co-operate  in  the 
establishment  of  through  ticket  services  (for 
passengers  and  their  luggage)  which  shall  be 
required  by.  any  of  the  allied  and  associated 
powers  to  insure  their  communication  by  rail 
with  each  other  and  with  all  other  countries 
by  transit  across  the  territories  of  Austria;  in 
particular  Austria  shall,  for  this  purpose,  ac- 
cept trains  and  carriages  coming  from  the  ter- 
ritories of  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
and  shall  forward  them  with  a  speed  at  least 
equal  to  that  of  her  best  long  distance  train* 
on  the  same  lines.  The  rates  applicable  to 
such  through  services  shall  not  in  any  case 
be  higher  than  the  rates  collected  on  Aus- 
trian internal  services  for  the  same  distance, 
under  the  same  conditions  of  speed  and  com- 
fort. 

The  tariffs  applicable  tinder  the  same  con- 
ditions of  speed  and  comfort  to  the  transpor- 


powers and 
not  be  at  a 


tation  of  emigrants  going-  to  or  coming  from 
ports  of  the  allied  and  " 

using  the  Austrian  rail 

higher  kilometric  rate  than  the  most  favor- 
able tariffs  (drawbacks  and  rebates  beimp 
taken  into  account)  enjoyed  on  the  said  rail- 
ways by  emigrants  going:  to  or  coming1  from 
any  other  ports. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


671 


Article  315. 

Austria  shall  not  apply  specially  to  such 
through  services,  or  to  the  transportation  ot 
emigrants  going-  to  or  coming:  from  the  ports 
of  the  allied  and  associated  powers,  any  tech- 
nical, fiscal  or  administrative  measures,  such 
as  measures  of  customs  examination,  general 
police,  sanitary  police  and  control,  the  result 
of  which  would  be  to  impede  or  delay  such 
services. 

Article  316. 

In  case  of  transport  partly  by  rail  and  partly 
by  internal  navigation.  with  or  without 
through  waybill,  the  preceding  articles  shall 
apply  to  the  part  of  the  journey  performed  by 
rail 

Chapter  III.— Rolling  Stock. 

Article  317. 

Austria  undertakes  that  Austrian  wagons 
shall  be  fitted  with  apparatus  allowing: 

(1)  of  their  inclusion  in  goods  trains  on  the 
lines    of    such    of    the    allied    and      associated 
powers  as  are  parties  to  the  Berne  convention 
of    May    15.    1886,    as    modified    on    May    18. 
1907.    without    hampering    the    action    of    the 
continuous   brake    which   may   be    adopted   in 
such  countries  within  ten  years  of  the  coming 
into  force  of  the  present  treaty,  and 

(2)  of    the    inclusion    of    wagons    of      such 
countries  in  all  goods  trains  on  Austrian  lines. 

The  rolling  stock  o>f  the  allied  and  associated 
powers   shall  enjoy   on   the  Austrian  lines  the 
same    treatment    as   Austrian    rolling  stock    as 
regards  movement,  upkeep  and  repairs. 
Chapter  IV.— Transfers  of  Railway  Lines. 
Article  318. 

Subject  to  any  special  provisions  concerning 
the  transfer  of  ports,  waterways  and  railways 
situated  in  the  territories  transferred  under 
the  present  treaty,  and  to  the  financial  condi- 
tions relating  to  the  concessionnaires  and  the 
pensioning  of  the  personnel,  the  transfer  of 
railways  will  take  place  under  the  following 
conditions : 

(1)  The  works  and  installations   of   all  the 
railroads   shall  be  handed   over  complete   and 
in  good  condition. 

(2)  When    a   railway    system   possessing   its 
own   rolling    sto^k    is  handed    over  in    its  en- 
tirety by  Austria  to  one  of  the  allied  and  as- 
sociated  powers,    such    stock    shall    be   handed 
over  •complete,  in  accordance  with  the  last  in- 
ventory before  Nov.  3.  1918,  and  in  a  normal 
state  of  upkeep. 

(3)  As    regards    lines    without    any    special 
riling    stock,    the    distribution    of    the    stock 


powers,  on  which  Austria  shall  be  represent- 
ed. These  commissions  shall  have  regard  to 
the  amount  of  the  material  registered  on  these 
lines  in  .the  last  inventory  before  Nov.  3, 
1918,  the  length  of  track  (sidings  included) 
and  the  nature  and  amount  of  the  traffic. 
These  commissions  shall  also  specify  the  loco- 
motives, carriages  and  wagons  to  be  handed 
over  in  each  case:  they  shall  decide  upon  the 
conditions  of  their  acceptance,  and  shall  make 
the  provisional  arrangements  necessary  to  in- 
sure their  repair  in  Austrian  workshops, 

(4)  Stocks  of  stores,  fittings  and  plant  shall 
be  handed  over  under  the  same  conditions  as 
the  rollinsr  stock. 

The  provisions  of  Paragraphs  3  and  4  above 
shall  be  applied  to  the  lines  of  former  Rus- 
sian Poland  converted  by  the  Austro-Hnnerarian 
authorities  to  the  normal  g'auere.  such  lines  be- 
ing reerarded  as  detached  from  the  Austrian 
and  Hungarian  state  systems. 
Chapter  V. —Provisions  Relating  to  Certain 
Railway  Lines. 

Article  319. 

.When  as  a  result  of  the  fixinar  of  new  fron- 
tiers a  railway  connection  between  two  parts 
of  the  same  cpuntry  crosses  another  country 
or  a  branch  line  from  one  country  has  its 
terminus  in  another,  the  conditions  of  work- 
ing, if  not  specifically  provided  for  in  the 


present  treaty,  shall  be  laid  down  in  a  conven- 
tion between  the  railway  administrations  con- 
cerned. If  the  administrations  cannot  come  to 
an  agreement  as  to  the  terms  of  such  conven- 
tion, the  points  of  difference  shall  be  decided 
by  commissions  of  experts  composed  as  pro- 
vided in  the  preceding  article. 

The  establishment  of  all  the  new  frontier 
stations,  between  Austria  and  the  contiguous 
allied  and  associated  states,  as  ,well  as  the 
working  of  the  lines  between  those  stations, 

all  be  settled  by   agreements  similarly  con- 


Article  S20. 

With  the  object  of  insuring  regular  utiliza- 
tion of  the  railroads  of  the  former  .Austro- 
Hungarian  monarchy  owned  bv  Private  com- 
panies which,  as  a  result  of  the  populations 
of  the  present  treaty,  will  be  situated  in  the 
territory  of  several  states,  the  administrative 
and  technical  reorganization  of  the  said  lines 
shall  be  regulated  in  each  instance  by  an  agree- 
ment between  the  owning  company  and  the 
states  territorially  concerned. 

Any  differences  on  which  agreement  is  not 
reached,  including  Questions  relating-  to  the  in- 
terpretation of  contracts  concerning  the  expro- 
priation of  the  lines,  shall  be  submitted  to 
arbitrators  designated  by  the  council  of  the 
leas-iie  of  nations. 

This   arbitration  may.   as  regards   the  South 
Austrian  Railway  company,  be  reauired  either 
by  the  board  of  management  or  by  the  com- 
mittee representing  the  bondholders. 
Article  321. 

Within  a  period  of  five  years  from  the  com- 
irg  into  force  of  the  present  treaty  Italy  may 
reauire  the  construction  or  improvement  on 
Austrian  territory  of  the  new  trans-Alpine  lines 
of  the  Col  de  Reschen  and  the  Pas  de  Predil. 
Unless  Austria  decides  to  pay  for  the  works 
herself,  the  cost  of  construction  or  improve- 
ment shall  be  paid  by  Italy.  An  arbitrator 
appointed  by  the  council  of  the  league  of 
nations  shall,  after  the  lapse  of  such  period 
as  may  be  fixed  by  the  council,  determine 
the  portion  of  the  cost  of  construction  or  im- 
provement which  must  be  repaid  by  Austria 
to  Italy  on  account  of  the  increase  of  reve- 
nue on  the  Austrian  railway  system  resulting 
from  these  works. 

Austria  shall  hand  over  to  Italy  gratuitous- 
ly the  surveys,  with  their  annexes,  for  the 
construction  of  the  following  railway  lines: 

The  line  from  Taj-vis  to  Trieste  by  Raibl. 
Plezzo,  Caporetto.  Canale  and  Gorizia. 

The  local  line  from  S.  Lucia  de  Tolmino  to 
Caporetto. 

The  line  from  Tarvia  to  Plezzo  (new 
scheme) . 

The   Reschen   line  connecting*  Landeck   and 

Article  322. 

In  view  of  the  importance  to  the  Czecho- 
slovak state  of  free  communication  between 
that  state  and  the  Adriatic,  Austria  recognizes 
the  right  of  the  Czecho-Slovak  state  to  run 
its  own  trains  over  the  sections  included  with- 
in her  territory  of  the  following  lines: 

(1)  From    Bratislava      (Pressburg)     toward 
Fiume,    via    Sopron,    Szembathely    and    Mura 
Keresztur.    and   a  branch   from  Mura  Keresz- 

(2)  From     Budejovic      (Budweiss)      toward 
Trieste  via  Linz.    S.    Michael.    Klagenfurt   and 
Assling.    and   the  branch  from  Klagenfurt  to- 
ward Tarvisio. 

On  the  application  of  either  party,  the  route 
to  be  followed  by  the  Czecho-Slovak  trains 
may  be  modified  either  permanently  or  tem- 
porarily by  mutual  agreement  between  the 
Czecho-Slovak  railway  administration  and 
those  of  the  railways  over  which  the  run- 
ning powers  are  exercised. 

Article  323. 

The  trains  for  which  the  running  powers 
are  used  shall  not  engage  in  local  traffic 
except  by  agreement  between  Austria  and  the 
Czecho-Slovak  state. 


672 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Such  running1  powers  will  include,  in  par- 
ticular, the  right  to  establish  running1  sheds 
with  small  shops  for  minor  repairs  to  loco- 
motives and  rolling  stock,  and  to  appoint 
representatives  where  necessary  to  supervise 
the  working1  of  Czecho-Slovak  trains. 
Article  324. 

The  technical,  administrative  and  financial 
conditions  under  which  the  rights  of  the 
Czecho-Slovak  state  shall  be  exercised  shall 
be  laid  down  in  a  convention  between  the 
railway  administration  of  the  Czecho-Slovak 
state  and  the  railway  administrations  of  the 
Austrian  systems  concerned.  If  the  admin- 
istrations cannot  come  to  an  agreement  on 
the  terms  of  this  convention,  the  points  of 
difference  shall  be  decided  by  an  arbitrator 
nominated  by  Great  Britain,  and  his  decisions 
shall  be  binding-  on  all  parties. 

In  the  event  of  disagreement  as  to  the  in- 
terpretation of  the  convention  or  of  difficulties 
arising  unprovided  for  in  the  convention,  the 
same  form  of  arbitration  will  be  adopted 
until  such  time  as  the  league  of  nations  may 
lay  down  some  other  procedure. 

Chapter    VI.— Transitory    Provision. 
Article  S25. 

Austria  shall  carry  out  the  instructions 
given  her.  in  regard  to  transport,  by  an  au- 
thorized body  acting  on  behalf  of  the  allied 
and  associated  powers: 

1.  For    the    carriage    of    troops    under    the 
provisions  of   the  present  treaty,   and   of  ma- 
terial,    ammunition    and    supplies    for    army 
use; 

2.  As  a  temporary  measure,   for  the  trans- 
portation   of    supplies    for   certain   regions,    as 
well  as  for  the  restoration,  as  rapidly  as  pos- 
eible.    of   the   normal  conditions   of   transport, 
and   for   the   organization  of   postal   and  tele- 
graphic  services. 

Chapter  VII.— Telegraphs  and  Telephones. 

Article  326. 

Notwithstanding1  any  contrary  stipulations  in 
existing  treaties.  Austria  undertakes  to  grant 
freedom  of  transit  for  telegraphic,  correspond- 
ence and  telephonic  communications  coming 
from  or  going-  to  any  one  of  the  allied  and 
associated  powers,  whether  neighbors  or  not. 
over  such  lines  as  may  be  most  suitable  for 
international  transit  and  in  accordance  with 
the  tariffs  in  force.  This  correspondence  and 
these  communications  shall  be  subjected  to 
no  unnecessary  delay  or  restriction:  they  shall 
enjoy  in  Austria  national  treatment  in  regard 
to  every  kind  of  facility  and  especially  in 
regard  to  rapidity  of  transmission.  No  pay- 
ment, facility  or  restriction  shall  depend  di- 
rectly or  indirectly  on  the  nationality  of  the 
transmitter  or  the  addressee. 
Article  327. 

In  view  of  the  geographical  situation  of  the 
Czecho-Slovak  state  Austria  agrees  to  the  fol- 
lowing modifications  in  the  international  tele- 
graph and  telephone  conventions  referred  to 
in  article  23o  of  part  X.  (Economic  Clauses) 
of  the  present  treaty. 

(1)  On  the  demand  of  the  Czecho-Slovak 
state  Austria  shall  provide  and  maintain  trunk 
telegraph  lines  across  Austrian  territory. 

(2)  The    annual    rent    to    be    paid    by    the 
Czecho-Slovak  state  for  each  of  such  lines  will 
be  calculated  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
ot   the   above  mentioned  conventions,  but   un- 
less otherwise  agreed  shall  not  be  less  than  the 
sum  that  would  be  payable  under  those  con- 
ventions for  the  number  of  messages  laid  down 
in  those  conventions  as  conferring1  the  right  to 
demand  a  new  trunk  line,  taking  as  a  basis  the 
reduced  tariff  provided  for  in  article  23,  para- 
graph   5.    of    the   international   telegraph   con- 
vention as  revised  at  Lisbon. 

(3)  So  long  as  the  Czecho-Slovak  state  shall 
toay    the    above    minimum    annual    rent    of    a 

<a)  The 'line  shall  be  reserved  exclusively  lor 
transit  traffic  to  and  from  the  Czecho-Slovak 

*  (b)  The  faculty  given  to  Austria  by  article 


8  of  the  international  telegraph  convention  of 
July  22,  1875,  to  suspend  international  tele- 
graph services  shall  not  apply  to  that  line. 

(4)  Similar  provisions  will  apply  to  the  pro- 
vision   and    maintenance    of    trunk    telephone 
circuits,  but  the  rent  payable  by   the  Czecho- 
slovak   state    for    a    trunk    telephone    circuit 
shall,   unless   otherwise    agreed,    be   double  the 
rent  payable  for  a  trunk  telegraph  line. 

(5)  The  particular  lines  to  be  provided,  to- 
gether    with      any      necessary      administrative, 
technical  and  financial  conditions  not  provided 

for  in  existing-  international  conventions  or  in 
this  article,  shall  be  fixed  by  a  further  con- 
vention between  the  states  concerned.  In  de- 
fault by  agreement  on  such  convention,  they 
will  be  fixed  by  an  arbitrator  appointed  by  the 
council  of  the  league  of  nations. 

(6)  The    stipulations   of   the   present   article 
may  be  varied   at  any  time  by  agreement  be- 
tween   Austria    and    the    Czecho-Slovak    state. 
After    the    expiration    of    ten   years    from    the 
coming  into  force  of  this  treaty  the  conditions 
under  which  the  Czecho-Slovak  state  shall  en- 
joy  the  rights   conferred  by  this   article  may. 
in    default    of    agreement    by    the    parties,    be 
modified  at  the  request  of  either  party  by  an 
arbitrator    designated    by    the    council    of    the 
league    of    nations. 

(7)  In  case  of  any  dispute  between  the  par- 
ties as  to  the  interpretation  either  of  this  ar- 
ticle or  of  the  convention  referred  to  in  para- 
graph   5.    this  dispute   shall  be   submitted   for 
decision    to    the    permanent    court    of    interna- 
tional justice  to  be  established  by  the  league 
of  nations. 

Section  IV.— Disputes  and  Revision  of  Perma- 
nent Clauses. 
Article  328. 

Disputes  which  may  arise  between  interested 
powers  with  regard  to  the  interpretation  and 
application  of  this  part  of  the  present  treaty 
shall  be  settled  as  provided  by  the  league  of 
nations. 

Article  329. 

At  any  time  the  leagne  of  nations  may  recom- 
mend the  revision  of  such  of  the  above  ar- 
ticles as  relate  to  a  permanent  administrative 
regime. 

Article  S30. 

The  stipulations  in  articles  284  to  290.  293. 
312.  314  to  316.  and  326.  shall  be  subject 
to  revision  by  the  council  of  the  league  of 
nations  at  any  time  after  three  years  from 
the  coming-  into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 

Failing-  such  revision,  no  allied  or  associated 
power  can  claim  after  the  expiration  of  the 
above  period  of  three  years  the  benefit  of  any 
of  the  stipulations  in  the  articles  enumerated 
above  on  behalf  of  any  portion  of  its  terri- 
tories in  which  reciprocity  is  not  accorded  in 
respect  of  such  stipulations.  The  period  of 
three  years  during  which  reciprocity  cannot 
be  demanded  may  be  prolonged  by  the  council 
of  the  league  of  nations. 

The  benefit  of  the  stipulations  mentioned 
above  cannot  be  claimed  by  states  to  which 
territory  of  the  former  Austro-Hung-arian 
monarchy  has  been  transferred,  or  which  have 
arisen  out  of  the  dismemberment  of  that  mon- 
archy, except  upon  the  footing-  of  giving  in 
the  territory  passing  under  their  sovereignty 
reciprocal  treatment  to  Austria. 

Section  V. — Special  Provision. 
Article  331. 

Without  prejudice  to  the  special  obligations 
imposed  on  her  by  the  present  treaty  for  the 
benefit  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers, 
Austria  undertakes  to  adhere  to  any  general 
conventions  regarding  the  international  regime 
of  transit,  waterways,  ports  or  railways  which 
njay  be  concluded  by  the  allied  and  associated 
powers,  with  the  approval  of  the  league  of 
nations,  within  five  years  of  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  treaty. 

PART  Xm.— LABOR. 
Section  I. — Organization  of  Labor. 

Whereas  the  league  of  nations  has  for  its 
object  the  establishment  ot  universal  peace. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


673 


and  such  a  peace  can  be  established  only  if  it 
is  based  upon  social  justice: 

And  whereas  conditions  of  labor  exist  in- 
volving- such  injustice,  hardship  and  pnvation 
to  large  numbers  of  people  as  to  produce 
unrest  so  great  that  the  peace  and  harmony 
of  the  world  are  imperiled:  and  an  improve- 
ment of  those  conditions  is  urgently  required: 
as.  for  example,  by  the  regulatipn  of  the 
hours  of  work,  including  the  establishment  of 
a  maximum  working-  day  and  week,  the  regu- 
lation of  the  labor  supply,  the  prevention  of 
unemployment,  the  provision  of  an  adequate 
living  wage,  the  protection  of  the  worker 
against  sickness,  disease  and  injury  arising 
out  of  his  employment,  the  protection  of  chil- 
dren. young  persons  and  women,  provision 
for  old  age  and  injury,  protection  of  the 
interests  of  workers  when  employed  in  coun- 
tries other  than  their  own,  recognition  of  the 
principle  of  freedom  of  associatipn.  the  organ- 
ization of  vocational  and  technical  education 
and  other  measures: 

Whereas  also  the  failure  of  any  nation  to 
adopt  humane  conditions  of  labor  is  an  obstacle 
in  the  way  of  other  nations  which  desire  to 
improve  the  conditions  in  their  own  countries: 

The  high  contracting-  parties,  moved  by  senti- 
ments of  justice  and  humanity  as  well  as  by 
the  desire  to  secure  the  permanent  peace  of  the 
world,  agree  to  the  following: 

Chapter  I.—  Organization. 
Article   S32. 

A  permanent  organization  is  hereby  estab- 
lished for  the  promotion  of  the  objects  set 
forth  in  the  preamble. 

The  original  members  of  the  league  of  na- 
tions shall  be  the  original  members  of  this 
organization,  and  hereafter  membership  of  the 
league  of  nations  shall  carry  with  it  member- 
ship of  the  said  organization. 

Article   SSS.  • 

The  permanent  organization  shall  consist  of: 

(1)  A  general  conference  of  representatives 
of  the  members,  and 

(2)  An  international   labor  office  controlled 
by    the    governing    body    described    in    article 
338 

Article   S3  k- 

The  meetings  of  the  general  conference  of 
representatives  of  the  members  shall  be  held 
from  time  to  time  as  occasion  may  require. 
and  at  least  once  in  every  year.  It  shall  be 
composed  of  four  representatives  of  each  of 
the  members,  of  whom  two  shall  be  govern- 
ment delegates  and  the  two  others  shall  be 
delegates  representing  respectively  the  employ- 
ers and  the  workpeople  of  each  of  the  mem- 

Each  delegate  may  be  accompanied  by  advis- 
ers who  shall  not  exceed  two  in  number  for 
each  item  on  the  agenda  of  the  meeting.  When 
questions  specially  affecting  women  are  to  be 
considered  by  the  conference,  one  at  least  of 
the  advisers  should  be  a  woman. 

The  members  undertake  to  nominate  non- 
government delegates  and  advisers  chosen  in 
agreement  with  the  industrial  organizations. 
if  such  organizations  exist,  which  are  most 
representative  of  employers  or  workpeople,  as 
the  case  may  be.  in  their  respective  countries. 

Advisers  shall  not  speak  except  on  a  request 
made  by  the  delegate  whom  they  accompany 
and  by  the  special  authorization  of  the  presi- 
dent of  the  conference,  and  may  not  vote. 
.  A  delegate  may  by  notice  in  writing 
dressed  to  the  president  appoint  one  of  his 
advisers  to  act  as  his  deputy,  and  the  ad- 
viser. while  so  acting,  shall  be  allowed  to 
speak  and  vote. 

.The  names  of  the  delegates  and  their  ad- 
visers will  be  communicated  to  the  internation- 
al labor  office  by  the  government  of  each  of 
thp  members. 

The  credentials  of  delegates  and  their  ad- 
vis^rs  shall  be  subject  to  scrutiny  by  the  con- 
ference which  may.  by  two-thirds  of  the 
votes  cast  by  the  delegates  present,  refuse  to 
admit  any  delegate  or  advi 


iser  whom  it  deems 


nominated 


Accordance 


Article  SSS. 

Every  delegate  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  in- 
dividually .on  all  matters  which  are  taken  into 
consideration  by  the  conference. 

If  one  of  the  members  fails  to  nominate 
one  of  the  nongovernment  delegates  whom  it 
is  entitled  to  nominate,  the  other  nongovern- 
ment delegate  shall  be  allowed  to  sit  and 
speak  at  the  conference,  but  not  to  vote. 

If  in  accordance  with  article  334  the  con- 
ference refuses  admission  to  a  delegate  of 
one  of  the  members,  the  provisions  of  the 
present  article  shall  apply  as  if  that  dele- 
gate had  not  been  nominated. 
Article  SS6. 

The  meetings  of  the  conference  shall  be  held 
at  the  seat  of  the  league  of  nations,  or  at 
such  other  place  as  may  be  decided  by  the 
conference  at  a  previous  meeting  by  two-thirds 
of  the  votes  cast  by  the  delegates  present. 
Article  557. 

The  international  labor  office  shall  be  estab- 
lished at  the  seat  of  the  league  of  nations  aa 
part  of  the  organization  of  the  league. 
Article  888. 

The  international  labor  office  shall  be  under 
the  control  of  a  governing  body,  consisting  of 
twenty-four  persons,  appointed  in  accordance 
with  the  following  provisions: 

The  governing  body   of   the  international  la- 
r  office  shall  be  constituted  as  follows: 


'welve  persons  representing  the  governments 
ix  persons  elected  by  the  delegates  to  the 
conference  representing  the  employers. 

Six  persons  elected  by  the  delegates  to  the 
conference  representing  the  workers. 

Of  the  twelve  persons  representing  the  gov- 
ernments eight  shall  be  nominated  by  the 
members  which  are  of  the  chief  industrial  im- 
portance and  four  shall  be  nominated  by  the 
members  selected  for  the  purpose  by  the  gov- 
ernment delegates  to  the  conference,  excluding1 
the  delegates  of  the  eight  members  mentioned 

Any"  question  as  to  which  are  the  members 
of  the  chief  industrial  importance  shall  be  de- 
cided by  the  council  of  the  league  of  nations. 

The  period  o(f  office  of  the  members  of  the 
governing  body  will  be  three  years.  The  meth- 
od of  filling  vacancies  and  other  similar  ques- 
tions may  be  determined  by  the  governing 
body  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  confer- 
ence. ' 

The  governing-  body  shall  from  time  to  time 
elect  one  of  its  members  to  act  as  its  chair- 


man.    shall    regulate    its    own    procedure    and 
1  fix  its  own  times  of  meeting.     A  special 
meeting  shall  be  held  if  a  written  request  to 


that  effect   is  made  by   at   least   ten   members 
of  the  governing  body. 

Article  389. 

There  shall  be  a  director  of  the  international 
labor  office,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the 
governing  body.  and.  subject  to  the  instruc- 
tions of  the  governing  body,  shall  be  responsi- 
ble for  the  efficient  conduct  of  the  interna- 
tional labor  office  and  for  such  other  duties  as 
may  be  assigned  to  him. 

The  director   or  his   deputy    shall   attend  all 
meetings  of  the  governing  body. 
Article  31,0. 

The  staff  of  the  international  labor  office 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  director,  who  shall, 
so  far  as  is  possible  with  due  regard  to  the 
efficiency  of  the  work  of  the  office,  select  per- 
sons of  different  nationalities.  A  certain  num- 
ber of  these  persons  shall  be  women. 
Article  Ski. 

The  functions  of  the  (international  labor  of- 
fice shall  include  the  collection  and  distribu- 
tion of  information  on  all  subjects  relating 
to  the  international  adjustment  of  conditions 
of  industrial  life  and  labor,  and  particularly 
the  examination  of  subjects  which  it  is  pro- 
posed to  bring  before  the  conference  with  a 
view  to  the  conclusion  of  international  conven- 


674 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


tions,  and  the  conduct  of  such  special  investi- 
gations as  may  be  ordered  by  the  conference. 

It  will  prepare  the  agenda  for  the  meetings 
of  the  conference. 

It  will  carry  out  the  duties  required  of  it 
by  the  provisions  of  this  part  of  the  present 
treaty  in  connection  with  dnternationad  dis- 

*It  will  edit  and  publish  in  French  and  Eng- 
lish. and  in  such  other  languages  as  the  gov- 
erning1 body  may  think  desirable,  a  periodical 
paper  dealing  with  problems  of  industry  and 
employment  of  international  interest. 

Generally,  in  add.tion  to  the  functions  set 
out  in  this  article,  it  shall  have  such  other 
powers  and  duties  as  may  be  assigned  to  it 
by  the  conference. 

Article  S42. 

The  g-overnment  deoartments  of  any  of  the 
members  which  deal  with  questions  of  indus- 
try and  employment  may  communicate  di- 
rectly with  the  director  through  the  repre- 
sentative of  their  government  on  the  governing- 
body  of  the  international  labor  office,  or  fail- 
ing- any  such  representative,  through  such  oth- 
er qualified  official  as  the  government  may 
nominate  for  the  purpose. 

Article  843. 

The  international  labor  office  shall  be  en- 
titled to  the  assistance  of  the  secretary  -gen- 
eral of  the  league  of  nations  in  any  matter 
in  which  it  can  be  given. 

Article  344- 

Each  of  the  members  will  pay  the  traveling 
and  subsistence  expenses  of  its  delegates  and 
their  advisers  and  of  its  representatives  at- 
tending- the  meeting-  of  the  conference  or  gov- 
erning: body,  as  the  case  may  be. 

All  the  other  expenses  of  the  international 
labor  office  and  of  the  meetmers  of  the  con- 
ference or  eroverniner  body  shall  belaid  to  the 
director  by  the  secretary-general  of  the  league 
of  nations  out  of  the  general  funds  oi  the 

The  director  shall  be  responsible  to  the  sec- 
retary-*reneral  of  the  league  for  the  proper  ex- 
penditure of  all  moneys  paid  to  him  in  pursu- 
ance of  this  article. 

Chapter  II  .—Procedure. 
Article  345. 

The  agenda  for  all  meeting's  of  the  confer- 
ence will  be  settled  by  the  governing  body,  who 
shall  consider  any  suggestion  as  to  the  agenda 
that  may  be  made  by  the  government  of  any 
of  the  members  or  b.v  any  representative  or- 
ganization recognized  for  the  purpose  of  arti- 
cle 334. 

Article  346. 

The  director  shall  act  as  the  secretary  of  the 
conference  and  shall  transmit  the  agenda  so 
as  to  reach  the  members  four  months  before 
the  meeting  of  the  conference,  and.  through 
them,  the  nongovernment  delegates  when  ap- 
pointed. 

Article  347. 

Any  of  the  governments  of  the  'members  may 
formally  object  to  the  inclusion  of  any  item 


items  in  the  agenda.     The  grounds  for  such 

ion 
ment  addressed  to  the  director,  who  shall  cir- 


. 
objection  shall  be  set  forth  in  a  reasoned  state- 


, 

culate  it  to  all  the  members  of  the  permanent 
organization. 

Items  to  which  such  objection  has  been 
made  shall  not.  however,  be  excluded  from  the 
agenda  if  at  the  conference  a  majority  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  votes  cast  by  the  deleg-ates  pres- 
ent is  in  favor  of  considering  them. 

If  the  conference  d°c1das  (otherwise  fhp.n 
under  the  preceding  paragraphs)  by  two-thi^s 
of  the  votes  cast  by  th-  delegates  present  that 
any  subject  shall  be  considered  by  the  con- 
ference. that  subject  shall  be  included  in  the 
agenda  for  the  following  meeting. 
Artir7e  S48. 

The  conference  shall  regulate  its  own  pro- 
cedure, shall  elect  its  own  president,  and  may 
appoint  committees  to  consider  and  report  on 
any  matter. 


Except  as  otherwise  expressly  provided  in 
this  part  of  the  present  treaty,  all  matters 
shall  be  decided  by  a  simple  majority  of  the 
votes  cast  by  the  delegates  present. 

The  voting  is  void  unless  the   total  number 
of    votes    cast    is    equal    to    half    the   number 
of   the  delegates   attending  the  conference. 
Article  349. 

The  conference  may  add  to   any  committees 
which  it  appoints  technical  experts,  who  shall 
be  assessors  without  power  to  vote. 
Article   350. 

When  the  conference  has  decided  on  the 
adoption  of  proposals  with  regard  to  an  item 
in  the  agenda,  it  will  rest  with  the  confer- 
ence to  determine  whether  these  proposals- 
should  take  the  form:  (a)  of  a  recommenda- 
tion to  be  submitted  to  the  members  for  con- 
sideration with-  a  view  to  effect  being  given 
to  it  by  national  legislation  or  otherwise,  or 
(b)  of  a  draft  international  convention  for 
ratification  by  the  members. 

In  eiiher  case  a  majority  of  two-thirds  of 
the  votes  cast  by  the  delegates  present  shall 
be  necessary  on  the  final  vote  for  the  adop- 
tion of  the  recommendation  or  draft  conven- 
tion, as  the  case  may  be,  by  the  conference. 

In  framing  any  recommendation  or  draft 
convention  of  general  application  the  confer- 
ence shall  have  due  regard  to  those  countries 
in  which  climatic  conditions,  the  imperfect  de- 
velopment of  industrial  organization  or  other 
special  circumstances  make  the  industrial  con- 
ditions substantially  different  and  shall  sug- 
gest the  modifications,  if  any,  which  it  con- 
siders may  be  required  to  meet  the  case  of 
such  countries. 

A  copy  of  the  recommendation  or  draft  con- 
vention shall  be  authenticated  by  the  signa- 
ture of  the  president  of  the  conference  a,nd 
of  the  director  and  shall  be  deposited  with 
the  secretary-general  of  the  league  of  nations. 
The  secretary-general  will  communicate  a  cer- 
tified copy  of  the  recommendation  or  draft 
convention  to  each  of  the  members. 

Each  of  the  members  undertakes  that  it 
will,  within  the  period  of  one  year  at  most 
from  the  closing  of  the  session  of  the  con- 
ference, or  if  it  is  impossible  owing  to  excep- 
tional circumstances  to  do  so  within  the  pe- 
riod of  one  year,  then  at  the  earliest  prac- 
ticable moment  and  in  no  case  later  than 
eighteen  months  from  the  closing  of  the  ses- 
sion of  the  conference,  bring  the  recommen- 
dation or  draft  convention  before  the  au- 
thority or  authorities  within  whose  competence 
the  matter  lies,  for  the  enactment  of  legis- 
lation 01  other  action. 

In  the  ease  of  a  recommendation,  the  mem- 
bers will  inform  the  secretary-general  of  the 
action  taken. 

In  the  case  of  a  draft  convention,  the  mem- 
ber will,  if  it  obtains  the  consent  of  the  au- 
thority or  authorities  within  whose  competence 
the  latter  lies,  communicate  the  formal  rati- 
fication of  the  convention  to  the  secretary- 
general  and  will  take  such  action  as  may  be 
necessary  to  make  effective  the  provisions  of 
such  convention. 

If  on  a  recommendation  no  legislative  or 
other  action  is  taken  to  make  a  recommenda- 
tion effective,  or  if  the  draft  convention  fails 
to  obtain  the  consent  of  the  authority  or  au- 
thorities within  whose  competence  the  matter 
lies,  no  further  obligation  shall  rest  upon  the 
member. 

In  the  case  of  a  federal  state,  the  power  of 
which  to  enter  into  conventions  on  labor  mat- 
ters is  subject  to  limitations,  it  shall  be  in 
the  discretion  of  that  government  to  treat  a 
draft  convention  to  which  such  limitations  aP- 
ply  as  a  recommendation  only,  and  the  pro- 
visions of  this  article  with  respect  to  recom- 
mendations shall  apply  in  such  case. 

The  above  article  shall  be  interpreted  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  following  principle: 

In  no  case  shall  any  member  be  asked  or 
required,  as  a  result  of  the  adoption  of  any 
recommendation  or  draft  convention  by  the 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


675 


conference,  to  lessen  the  protection  afforded 
by  its  existing  legislation  to  the  workers  con- 
cerned. Article  351. 

Any  convention  so  ratified  shall  be  registered 
by  the  secretary-general  of  the  league  of  na- 
tions, but  shall  only  be  binding  upon  tlie 
members  which  ratify  it. 

Article  S52. 

If  any  convention  coming-  before  the  confer- 
ence for  final  consideration  fails  to  secure  the 
support  of  two-thirds  of  the  votes  cast  by  the 
delegates  present,  it  shall  nevertheless  be  with- 
in the  right  of  any  of  the  msmb.rs  of  the 
permanent  organization  to  agree  to  such  con- 
vention among  themselves. 

Any  convention  so  agreed  to  shall  be  com- 
municated by  the  governments  concerned  to 
the  secretary-general  of  the  league  of  nations, 
who  shall  register  it. 

Article  S5S. 

Each  of  the  members  agrees  to  make  an 
annual  report  to  the  international  labor  office 
on  the  measures  which  it  has  taken  to  give 
effect  to  the  provisions  of  conventions  to 
which  it  is  a  party.  These  reports  shall  be 
made  in  such  form  and  shall  contain  such 
particulars  as  the  governing  body  may  request. 
The  director  shall  lay  a  summary  of  these  re- 
ports before  the  next  meeting  of  the  confer- 

euce-  Article  3 5 k. 

In  the  event  of  any  representation  being- 
made  to  the  international  labor  office  by  an  in- 
dustrial association  of  employers  or  of  work- 
ers that  any  of  the  members  has  failed  to  se- 
cure in  any  respect  the  effective  observance 
within  its  jurisdiction  of  any  convention  to 
which  it  is  a  party,  the  governing  body  may 
communicate  this  representation  to  the  gov- 
ernment against  which  it  is  made  and  may  in- 
vite that  government  to  make  such  statement 
on  the  subject  as  it  may  think  fit. 
Article  S55. 

If  no  statement  is  received  within  a  reason- 
able time  from  the  government  in  question, 
or  if  the  statement  when  received  is  not  deemed 
to  be  satisfactory  by  the  governing  body,  the 
latter  shall  have  the  right  to  publish  the 
representation  and  the  statement,  if  any,  made 
in  reply  to  it. 

Article  S56. 

Any  of  the  members  shall  have  the  right  to 
file  a  complaint  with  the  international  labor 
office  if  it  is  not  satisfied  that  any  other 
member  is  securing  the  effective  observance  of 
any  convent1  on  which  both  have  ratified  in 

Jrdance  with  the  foregoing  articles, 
e  governing  body  may,  if  it  thinks  fit.  be- 
fore referring  such  a  complaint  to  a  commis- 
sion of  inquiry,  as  hereinafter  prov:ded  for. 
communicate  with  the  government  in  question 
in  the  manner  described  in  article  354. 

If  the  governing  body  does  not  think  it  nec- 
essary to  communicate  the  complaint  to  the 
government  in  question,  or  if,  when  it  has 
made  such  communication,  no  statement  in 
reply  has  been  received  within  a  reasonable 
time  which  the  governing  body  considers  to  be 
satisfactory,  the  governing  body  may  apply  for 
the  appointment  of  a  commission  of  inouiry  to 
consider  the  complaints  and  to  report  thereon. 

The  governing  body  may  adopt  the  same 
procedure  either  of  its  own  m^t'on  or  on  re- 
ceipt of  a  complaint  from  a  delegate  to  the 
conference. 

When  any  matter  arising  out  of  articles  35o 
or  356  is  being  considered  by  the  goveniinp 
body,  the  government  in  Question  shall,  if 
not  already  represented  thereon,  be  entitled 
to  send  a  representative  to  take  part  in  the 
p^o^pdings  of  the  governing  body  w>iile  the 
mntter  is  und^r  consid°mtion.  Adequate 
notice  of  the  d»te  on  which  the  matter  will 
be  oon«ddprpd  shall  be  given  to  the  govern- 
ment in  question. 

Article  S/>7. 

The  commission  of  inquiry  shall  be  consti- 
tuted in  accordance  with  the  following  pro- 
visions: 


iccor 
The 


Each  pf  the  members  agrees  to  nominate 
within  six  months  of  the  date  on  which  the 
present  treaty  comes  into  force  three  per- 
sons of  industrial  experience  of  whom  one 
shall  be  a  representative  of  employers,  one  a 
representative  of  workers  and  one  a  person 
of  independent  standing  who  shall  together 
form  a  panel  from  which  the  members  of  the 
commission  of  inquiry  shall  be  drawn. 

The  qualifications  of  the  persons  so  nomi- 
nated shall  be  subject  to  scrutiny  by  the 
governing  body,  which  may  by  two-thirds  of 
the  votes  cast  by  the  representatives  present 
reiuse  to  accept  the  nomination  of  any  person 
whose  qualifications  do  not  in  its  opinion 
comply  with  the  requirements  of  the  present 
article. 

Upon  the  application  of  the  governing  body, 
the  secretary-general  of  the  league  of  nations 
shall  nominate  three  persons,  one  from  each 
section  of  this  panel,  to  constitute  the  com- 
mission of  inquiry,  and  shall  designate  one 
of  them  as  the  president  of  the  commission. 
None  of  these  three  persons  shall  be  a  person 
nominated  to  the  panel  by  any  member 
directly  concerned  in  the  complaint. 
Article  358. 

The  members  agree  that  in  the  event  of  the 
reference  of  a  complaint  to  a  commission  of 
inquiry  under  article  356  they  will  each, 
whether  directly  concerned  in  the  complaint  or 
not.  place  at  the  disposal  of  the  commission- 
all  the  information  in  their  possession  which 
bears  upon  the  subject  matter  of  the  com- 
plaint. 

Article  S59. 

When  the  commission  of  inquiry  has  fully- 
considered  the  complaint  it  shall  prepare  a 
report  embodying  its  findings  on  all  questions 
of  fact  relevant  to  determining  the  issue  be- 
tween the  parties  and  containing  such  recom- 
mendations as  it  may  think  proper  as  to- 
the  steps  which  should  be  taken  to  meet  the 
complaint  and  the  time  within  which  they 
should  be  taken. 

It  shall  also  indicate  in  this  report  the 
measures,  if  any.  of  an  economic  character 
against  a  defaulting  government  which  it  con- 
siders to  be  appropriate,  and  which  it  con- 
siders other  governments  would  be  justified 
in  adopting. 

Article  360. 

The  secretary-general  of  the  leag-ue  of 
rations  shall  communicate  the  report  of  the 
commission  of  inquiry  to  each  of  the  govern- 
ments concerned  in  the  complaint  and  shall 
cause  it  to  be  published. 

Each  of  these  governments  shall  within  one 
month  inform  the  secretary-general  of  the 
league  of  nations  whether  or  not  it  accepts 
the  recommendations  contained  in  the  report 
of  the  commission:  and  if  not.  whether  it 
proposes  to  refer  the  complaint  to  the  per- 
manent court  of  international  justice  of  the 
league  of  nations. 

Article  $61. 

|  In  the  event  of  any  member  failing  to  take 
the  action  required  by  article  350.  with  re- 
gard to  a  recommendation  or  draft  conven- 
tion, any  other  m^mb^r  shall  be  entitled  to 
refer  the  matter  to  the  permanent  court  of 
international  justice. 

Article  S62. 

The  decision  of  the  permanent  court  of  in- 
ternational justice  in  regard  to  a  complaint 
or  matter  which  has  been  referred  to  it  in 
pursuance  of  article  360  or  article  361  shall 
be  final. 

Article  S6*. 

The  permanent  court  of  international  jus- 
tice may  affirm,  vary  or  reverse  any  of  the 
findings  or  recommendations  of  the  commis- 
sion of  innuiry.  if  any.  and  shall  in  its  d°ci- 
sion  indicate  the  rrpasurps.  if  any.  of  an  eco- 
norrr'r  character  which  it  considers  to  be  ar>- 
propriat«».  and  which  other  governments  would 
be  justified  in  adopting  against  a  defaulting 
government. 


676 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Article  S64. 

In  the  event  of  any  member  failing1  to  carry 
out  within  the  time  specified  the  recommen- 
dations, if  any,  contained  in  the  report  of 
the  commission  of  inquiry  or  in  the  decision 
of  the  permanent  court  of  international  jus- 
tice, as  the  case  may  be.  any  other  member 
may  take  against  that  member  the  measures 
of  an  economic  character  indicated  in  the  re- 
port of  the  commission  or  in  the  decision  of 
the  court  as  appropriate  to  the  case. 
Article  S65. 

The  defaulting-  government  may  at  any  time 
inform  the  governing  body  that  it  has  taken 
the  steps  necessary  to  comply  with  the  rec- 
ommendations of  the  commission  of  inquiry 
or  with  those  in  the  decision  of  the  perma- 
nent court  of  international  justice,  as  the 
case  may  be,  and  may  request  it  to  apply 
to  the  secretary-general  of  the  league  to  con- 
stitute a  commission  of  inquiry  to  verify  its 
contention.  In  this  case  the  provisions  of 
articles  357.  358.  359.  360,  362  and  363  shall 
apply,  and  if  the  report  of  the  commission 
of  inquiry  or  the  decision  of  the  permanent 
court  of  international  justice  is  in  favor  of 
the  defaulting1  government,  the  other  govern- 
ments shall  forthwith  discontinue  the  meas- 
ures of  an  economic  character  that  they  have 
taken  against  the  defaulting1  government. 
Chapter  III. — General. 
Article  S66. 

The  members  engage  to  apply  conventions 
which  they  have  ratified  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  part  of  the  present 
treaty  to  their  colonies,  protectorates  'and  pos- 
sessions which  are  not  fully  self -governing1: 

(1)  Except   where    owing-  to   the   local    con- 
ditions the  convention  is  inapplicable,  or 

(2)  Subject    to    such    modifications   as   may 
be  necessary  to  adapt  the  convention  to  local 
conditions. 

And  each  of  the  members  shall  notify  to 
the  international  labor  office  the  action  taken 
in  respect  of  each  of  its  colonies,  protector- 
ates and  possessions  which  are  not  fully  self- 
governing. 

Article  367. 

Amendments  to  this  part  of  the  present 
treaty  which  are  adopted  by  the  conference 
"by  a  majority  of  two-thirds  of  the  votes  cast 
by  the  delegates  present  shall  take  effect  when 
ratified  by  the  states  whose  representatives 
compose  the  council  of  the  league  of  nations 
and  b.v  three-fourths  of  the  members. 

Article  36 8. 

Any  qurstion  or  dispute  relating  to  the  inter- 
pretation of  this  part  of  the  present  treaty  or 
of  any  subsequent  convention  concluded  by 
the  members  in  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of 
this  part  of  the  present  treaty  shall  be  re- 
ferred for  decision  to  the  permanent  court  of 
international  justice. 

Chapter    IV.— Transitory    Provisions. 

Article  369. 


The    first    meeting    of 
take  place   in    October.    1! 


i   conference    shall 
).      The 


place 

agenda  for  this   meeting  shall  be  as  specified 
in  the  annex  hereto. 

Arrangements  for  the  convening  and  the  or- 
ganization of  the  first  meeting  of  the  confer- 
ence will  be  made  by  the  government  desig- 
nated for  the  purpose  in  the  said  annex.  That 
government  shall  be  assisted  in  the  preparation 
of  the  documents  for  submission  to  the  con- 
ference by  an  international  committee  consti- 
tuted as  provided  in  the  said  annex. 

The  expenses  of  the  first  meeting  and  of  all 
soibFeqiipnt  meetings  held  befor°  the  league 
cf  nations  has  been  able  to  establish  a  general 
fund,  other  than  the  expenses  of  delegates  and 
their  advisers,  will  be  borne  by  the  members 
in  accordance  with  the  apportionment  of  the 
•expenses  of  the  international  bureau  of  the 
universal  postal  union. 

Article  S70. 

Until  the  league  of  nations  has  been  con- 
stituted all  communications  which  under  the 


provisions  of  the  foregoing  articles  should  be 
addressed  to  the  secretary-general  of  the  league 
will  be  preserved  by  the  director  of  the  inter- 
national labor  office,  who  will  transmit  them 
to  the  secretary-general  of  the  league. 

Article  S71. 

Pending  the  creation  of  a  permanent  court 
of  international  Justice,  disputes  which  in  ac- 
cordance with  this  part  of  the  present  treaty 
wouM  be  submitted  to  it  for  decision  will  be 


to  it 

referred    to    a    tribunal    of    three    persons    ap- 
cil of 


r  decision  will  be 
three  persons  ap- 
the league  of  na- 


pointed by   the  coun 

tions. 

Annex  —  First  Meeting  of  Annual  Labor 

Conference,   1919. 

The  place  of  meeting  will  be  Washington 
The    government    of    the    United    States    of 

America   is  requested    to   convene   the   confer- 

ence.' 
The  international   organizing  committee  -will 

consist    of    seven   members,    appointed    by    the 

United    States    of      America.      Great      Britain! 

France,  Italy,  Japan,  Belgium  and  Switzerland. 

The    committee    may.    if    it    thinks    necessary 

invite    other   members    to    appoint   representa- 

Agenda: 

(1)  Application    of    principle    of    the    eight 
hour  day  or  of  the  forty-eight  hour  week. 

(2)  Question     of     preventing     or     providing 
against    unemployment. 

(3)  Women's  employment. 

(a)  Before    and    after    childbirth,    includ- 
ing the  question  of  maternity  benefit- 

(b)  During  the  night; 

(c)  In  unhealthy  processes. 

(4)  Employment   of  children: 

(a)    Minimum   age    of   employment' 

'b)    During  the  night; 

.c)    In    unhealthy    processes. 

(5)  Extension   and  application  of  the  inter- 
national conventions  adopted  at  Berne  in  1906 
on   the  prohibition  of   night  work  for  women 
employed   in    industry    and    the    prohibition   of 
the  use  of  white  phosphorus  in  the  manufac- 
ture of   matches. 

Section    II.—  General    Principles. 
Article  372. 

The  high  contracting  parties,  recognizing  that 
the  well  being,  physical,  moral  and  intellec- 
tual. of  industrial  wage  earners  is  of  supreme 
international  importance,  having  framed,  in 
order  to  further  this  great  end.  the  perma- 
nent machinery  provided  for  in  section  I  and 
associated  with  that  of  the  league  of  na- 
tions. 

They  recognize  that  differences  of  climate. 
habits  and  customs,  of  economic  opportunity 
and  industrial  tradition,  make  strict  uniformity 
in  the  conditions  of  labor  difficult  of  imme- 
diate attainment.  But,  holding  as  they  do 
that  labor  should  not  be  regarded  merely  as 
an  article  of  commerce,  they  think  that  there 
are  methods  and  principles  for  regulating  la- 
bor conditions  which  all  industrial  communi- 
ties should  endeavor  to  apply,  so  far  as  their 
special  circumstances  will  permit. 

Among  these  methods  and  principles,  the 
following  seem  to  the  high  contracting  parties 
to  be  of  special  and  urgent  importance: 

1.  The      guiding      principle      above      enunci- 
ated that  labor  should  not  be  regarded  mere- 
ly   as   a  commodity   or  article   of  commerce. 

2.  The   right    of    association    for    all   lawful 
purposes  by  the  employed  as   well  as  by  the 
employers. 

3.  The  payment  to  the  employed  of  a  wage 
adequate    to    maintain    a    reasonable    standard 
of    life    as    this    is    understood    in    their    time 
and  country. 

4.  The  adoption  of  an  eight  hour  day  or  a 
forty-eight   hour   week    as   the    standard  to  be 
aimed   at   where   it  has   not   already  been  »t- 

5.  The  adoption  of  a  weekly  rest  of  at  least 

Swenty-four  hours,   which  should  include  Sun- 
ay  wherever  practicable. 

6.  The   abolition  of  child  labor  and  the  im- 
position  of   such  limitations   on  the  labor  of 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


877 


youner-persons  as  shall  permit  the  contimiation 
of    their    education    and    assure    their    proper 
physical  development. 
7. .The  principle  that  men  and  women  should 


receive  eoual  remuneration  for  work  of  equal 
standard  set  by  law  in  each  country 


8.  The  standard  set  by  law  in  eacl    . 
•with  respect  to  the  conditions  of  labor  should 


arms  and  in  spirituous  liquors,  ana  aisc 
the  other  subjects  dealt  with  in  the  i 
acts  of  Berlin  of  Feb.  26.  1885.  and.ol 
sels  of  July  2.  1890,  and  the  convention 


have    due    regard    to    the    equitable    economic 
treatment    of    all    workers     lawfully    resident 

9.  Each  state  should  make  provision  for  a 
system  of  inspection,  in  which  women  should 
take  part,  in  order  to  insure  the  enforcement 
of  the  law  and  regulations  for  the  protection 
of  the  employed 

Without  clruming-  that  these  methods  and 
principle^  are  either  complete  or  final  the 
hisrh  contracting-  parties  are  of  opinion  that 
thev  are  well  fitted  to  guide  the  policy  of  the 
league  of  nations:  and  that,  if  adopted  by  the 
industrial  communities'  who  are  members  of 
the  leasrue  and  safeguarded  in  practice  by  an 
adequate  system  of  such  inspection,  they  will 
confer  lasting-  benefits  upon  the  wag-e  earners 
of  the  world. 

PART  XIV.— MISCELLANEOUS  PROVISIONS. 
Article  SIS. 

Austria  undertakes  to  recognize  and  to  ac- 
cept the  conventions  made  or  to  be  made  by 
the  allied  and  associated  powers  or  any  of 
them  with  any  other  power  as  to  the  traffic  in 
arms  and  in  spirituous  liquors,  and  also  as  to 
dealt,  with  in  the  general 
185.  and  of  Brus- 

...  conventions  com- 
pleting1 or  modifying-  the  same. 
Article  S7%. 

The  high  contracting-  parties  declare  and 
place  on  record  that  they  have  taken  note  of 
the  treaty  signed  by  the  government  of  the 
French  republic  on  July  17,  1918.  with  his 
serene  hig-hness  the  prince  of  Monaco  defining 
the  relations  between  France  and  the  princi- 

Pality'  Article  575. 

The  high  contracting-  parties,  while  they 
recognize  the  guaranties  stipulated  by  the 
treaties  of  1815.  and  especially  by  the  act 
of  Nov.  20.  1815.  in  favor  of  Switzerland,  the 
said  g-uarantees  constituting-  international  ob- 
lig-ations  for  the  maintenance  of  peace,  declare 
nevertheless  that  the  provisions  of  these 
treaties,  conventions,  declarations  and  other 
supplementary  acts  concerning-  the  neutralized 
zone  of  Savoy,  as  laid  down  in  paragraph  1 
of  article  92  of  the  final  act  of  the  con 
greas  of  Vienna  and  in  paragraph  2  of  ar 
tide  3  of  the  treaty  of  Paris  of  Nov.  20 
1815.  are  no  longer  consistent  with  presen' 
conditions.  For  this  reason  the  high  contract 
ing1  parties  take  note  of  the  agreement  reachet 
between  the  French  government  and  the  Swiss 
government  for  the  abrogation  of  the  stipula 
tions  relating-  to  this  zone  which  are  and  re 
main  abrogated. 

The  high  contracting  parties  also  agree  that 
the  stipulations  of  the  treaties  of  1815  and 
of  the  other  supplementary  acts  concerning 
the  free  zones  of  Upper  Savoy  and  the  Gex 
district  are  no  longer  consistent  with  present 
conditions,  and  that  it  is  for  France  and 
Switzerland  to  come  to  an  agreement  together 
with  a  view  to  settling  between  themselves 
the  status  of  these  territories  under  such  con- 
ditions as  shall  be  considered  suitable  by  both 
countries. 

Annex  I. 

The  Swiss  federal  council  has  informed  the 
French  government  on  May  5.  1919.  that  after 
examining  the  provisions  of  article  435  of 
the  peace  conditions  presented  to  Germany  by 
the  allied  and  associated  powers  in  a  like 
spirit  of  sincere  friendship  it  has  happily 
reached  the  conclusion  that  it  was  possible 
to  acquiesce  in  it  under  the  following  condi- 
tions and  reservations: 

(1)   The  neutralized  zone  of  Haute-Savoie: 
(a)   It    will    be    understood    that    as    long1 


s  the  federal  chambers  have  not  ratified  the 
agreement  come  to  between  the  two  govern- 
ments concerning  the  abrogation  of  the  stipu- 

ations  in  respect  of  the  neutralized  zone  of 
"savoy,  nothing  will  be  definitively  settled,  on 

me   side  or  the  other,   in  regard  to  this  sub- 

ect. 

(b)  The  assent  given  by  the  Swiss  govern- 
ment   to    the    abrogation    of    the    above    men- 
ioned stipulations  presupposes,   in  conformity 

with  the  text  adopted,  the  recognition  of  the 
guaranties  formulated  in  favor  of  Switzerland 

jy    the    treaties    of    1815    and    particularly   by 

he  declaration   of   Nov.    20,   1815. 

(c)  The  agreement  between  the  governments 
of  France  and  Switzerland  for  the  abrogation 
sf  the  above  mentioned  stipulations  will  only 
i>e  considered   as  valid  if   the   treaty   of  peace 
contains    this    article    in    its    present    wording:. 
In  addition  the  parties  to  the  treaty  of  peace 
should   endeavor  to    obtain    the    assent    of   the 
signatory  powers  of  the  treaties  of   1815  and 
of    the    declaration    of   Nov.    20.    1815.    which 
are   not    signatories    of    the    present    treaty    of 
peace. 

(2)  Free  zone  of  Haute-Savoie  and  the  dis- 
trict of  Gex: 

(a)  The  federal  council  makes  the  most  ex- 
press reservations  to  the  interpretation  to  be 
given  to  the  statement  mentioned  in  the  last 
paragraph  of  the  above  article  for  insertion 
in  the  treaty  of  peace,  which  provides  that 
"the  stipulations  of  the  treaties  of  1815  and 
other  supplementary  acts  concerning  the  free 
zones  of  Haute-Savoie  and  the  Gex  district 
are  no  longer  consistent  with  present  condi- 
tions." The  federal  council  would  not  wish 
that  its  acceptance  of  the  above  wording 
should  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  it  would 
agree  to  the  suppression  of  a  system  intended 
to  give  neighboring  territory  tho  benefit  of  a 
special  regime  which  is  appropriate  to  the 
geographical  and  economical  situation  and 
which  has  been  well  tested. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  federal  council  the 
question  is  not  the  modification  of  the  cus- 
toms system  of  the  zones  as  set  up  by  the 
treaties  mentioned  above,  but  only  the  regula- 
tion  in  a  manner  more  appropriate  to  the  eco- 
nomic conditions  of  the  present  day  of  the 
terms  of  the  exchange  of  goods  between  the 
regions  in  question.  The  federal  council  has 
been  led  to  make  the  preceding1  observations 
by  the  perusal  of  the  draft  convention  con- 
cerning the  future  constitution  of  the  zones 
which  was  annexed  to  the  note  of  April  26 
from  the  French  government.  While  making1 
the  above  reservations  the  federal  council  de- 
clares its  readiness  to  examine  in  the  moat 
friendly  spirit  any  proposals  which  the  French, 
government  may  deem  it  convenient  to  make 
on  the  subject. 

(b)  It  is  conceded  that  the  stipulations  of 
•the  treaties  of  1815  and  other  supplementary 
acts  relative  to  the  free  zones  will  remain  in 
force  until  a  new  arrangement  is  come  to  be- 
tween France  and  Switzerland  to  regulate  mat- 
ters in  this  territory. 

Annex  II. 

The  French  government  have  addressed  to 
the  Swiss  government,  on  May  18.  1919.  the 
following  note  in  reply  to  the  communication 
set  out  in  the  preceding  paragraph: 

In  a  note  dated  May  5  the  Swiss  legation 
in  Paris  was  good  enough  to  inform  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  French  republic  that  the  fed- 
eral government  adhered  to  the  proposed  ar- 
ticle to  be  inserted  in  the  treaty  of  peace 
between  the  allied  and  associated  government* 
and  Germany. 

The  French  government  have  taken  note 
with  much  pleasure  of  the  agreement  thus 
reached,  and.  at  their  request,  the  proposed 
article,  which  had  been  accepted  by  the  al- 
lied and  associated  governments,  has  been  in- 
serted under  No.  435  in  the  peace  conditions 
presented  to  the  German  plenipotentiaries. 

The  Swiss  government,  in  their  note  of  May 
5,  on  this  subject,  have  expressed  various  views 
and  reservations. 


678 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Concerning:  the  observations  relating-  to  the 
free  zones  of  Haute-Savoie  and  the  Gex  dis- 
trict, the  French  government  have  the  honor 
to  observe  that  the  provisions  of  the  last  para- 
graph of  article  435  are  so  clear  that  their 
purport  cannot  be  misapprehended,  especially 
where  it  implies  that  no  other  power  but 
France  and  Switzerland  will  in  future  be 
interested  in  that  question. 

The  French  government,  on  their  part  are 
anxious  to  protect  the  interests  of  the  French 
territories  concerned,  and.  with  that  object, 
having  their  special  situation  in  view,  they 
bear  in  mind  the  desirability  of  assuring;  them 
a  suitable  customs  regime  and  determining-,  in 
a  manner  better  suited  to  present  conditions, 
the  methods  of  exchang-es  between  these  terri- 
tories and  the  adjacent  Swiss  territories,  while 
taking1  into  account  the  reciprocal  interests  of 
both  regions. 

It  is  understood  that  this  must  in  no  way 
prejudice  the  rierht  of  France  to  adjust  her 
customs  Ilm  in  this  region  in  conformity  with 
her  political  frontier.,  as  is  done  on  the  other 
portions  of  her  territorial  boundaries,  and  as 
was  done  by  Switzerland  long-  aero  on  her  own 
boundaries  in  this  region. 

The  French  g-overnment  are  pleased  to  note 
on  this  subject  in  what  a  friendly  disposition 
the  Swiss  g-overnment  take  this  opportunity 
of  declaring1  their  willing-ness  to  consider  any 
French  proposal  dealing-  with  thg  system  to 
be  substituted  for  the  present  regime  of  the 
said  free  zones,  which  the  French  g-overnment 
intend  to  formulat"  in  the  same  friendly  spirit. 

Moreover  the  French  government  have  no 
doubt  that  the  provisional  maintenance  of  the 
regime  of  1815  as  to  th»  free  zones  referred 
to  in  the  above  mentioned  paragraph  of  the 
note  from  the  Swiss  legation  of  May  5.  whose 
object  is  to  provide  for  the  passag-e  from  the 
present  regime  to  the  conventional  regime, 
will  cause  no  delay  whatsoever  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  new  situation  which  has  been 
lound  necessary  by  the  two  governments.  This 
remark  applies  also  to  the  ratification  by  the 
federal  chambers,  dealt  with  in  paragraph  1 
(a),  of  the  Swiss  note  of  May  5.  under  the 
heading  "Neutralized  Zone  of  Haute-Savoie." 
Article  376. 

The  allied  and  associated  powers  agree  that 
where  Christian  religious  missions  were  being- 
maintained  by  Austrian  societies  or  persons 
in  territory  belonging-  to  them,  or  of  which 
the  firoveinment  is  entrusted  to  them  in  accord- 
ance with  the  present  treaty,  the  property 
which  these  missions  or  mission- ry  societies 
possessed  including-  that  of  trading1  societies 
whose  profits  were  devoted  to  the  support  of 
missions,  shall  continue  to  be  devoted  to  mis- 
sionary purposes.  In  ord^r  to  insure  the  due 
execution  of  this  undertaking-  the  allied  and 
associated  governments  will  hand  over  such 
property  to  boards  of  trustees  appo^ntM  bv 
or  approved  by  the  governments  and  composed 
Of  persons  holding;  the  faith  of  the  mission 


vhose  prooerty  is  involved. 
The  allied  and  i 


associated  governments,  while 
continuing-  to  maintain  full  control  as  to  the 
individuals  by  whom  the  missions1  are  con- 
ducted, will  safeguard  the  interests  of  such 
missions. 

Austria,  taking-  note  of  the  above  -undertak- 
ing-, agrees  to  accept  all  arrangements  made 
or  to  be  made  by  the  allied  or  associated  gov- 
ernment concerned  for  carrying-  on  the  wo-k 
of  the  said  missions  or  trading-  societies  and 
waives  all  claims  on  their  behalf. 
Article  377. 

Without  prejudice  to  the  provisions  of  the 
present  treaty,  Austria  undertakes  not  to  put 
forward  directly  or  indirectly  ag-ainst  any 
allied  or  associated  power  signatory  of  the 
present  treaty  any  pecuniary  claim  based  on 
events  which  occurred  at  any  time  before  the 
•oming-  into  force  of  the  present  treaty. 

The  present  stipulation  will  bar  completely 
and  finally  all  claims  of  this  nature,  which  will 
be  thenceforward  extinguished,  whoever  may 
be  the  parties  in  interest. 


Article  378. 

Austria  accepts  and  recognizes  as  valid  and 
binding-  all  decrees  and  orders  concerning 
Austro-Hung-arian  ships  and  Austrian  goods 
and  all  'orders  relating-  to  the  payment  of 
costs  made  by  any  prize  court  of  any  of  the 
allied  or  associated  powers,  and  undertakes 
not  to  put  forward  any  claim  rising-  out  of 
such  decrees  or  orders  on  behalf  of  any  Aus- 
trian national. 

The  allied  and  associated  powers  reserve  the 
rig-ht  to  examine  in  such  manner  as  they  may 
determine  all  decisions  and  orders  of  Austro- 
Hung-arian  prize  courts,  whether  affecting-  the 
property  rights  of  nationals  of  those  powers 
or  of  neutral  powers.  Austria  agrees  to  fur- 
nish copies  of  all  the  documents  constituting- 
the  record  of  the  cases,  including-  the  deci- 
sions and  orders  made,  and  to  accept  and  give 
effect  to  the  recommendations  made  after 
such  examination  of  the  cases. 
Article  379. 

The  high  contracting-  parties  agree  that,  in 
the  absence  of  a  subsequent  agreement  to  the 
contrary,  the  chairman  of  any  commission  es- 
tablished by  the  present  treaty  shall  in  the 
event  of  an  equality  of  votes  be  entitled  to  a 
second  vote. 

Article  380. 

Except  where  otherwise  provided  in  the  pres- 
ent treaty,  in  all  cases  where  the  treaty  pro- 
vides for  the  settlement  of  a  question  affect- 
ing- particularly  certain  states  by  means  of  a 
special  convention  to  be  concluded  between  the 
states  concerned,  it  is  understood  by  the  high 
contracting1  parties  that  difficulties  arising-  in 
this  connection  shall,  until  Austria  is  admitted 
to  membership  of  the  leag-ue  of  nations,  be 
settled  by  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
powers. 

Article  S81. 

In  the  present  treaty  the  expression  "former 
Austrian  empire"  includes  Bosnia  and  Herze- 
govina except  where  the  text  implies  the  con- 
trary. This  provision  shall  not  prejudice  the 
rig-hts  and  obligations  of  Hung-ary  in  such, 
territory. 

The  present  treaty,  in  French,  in  English 
and  in  Italian,  shall  be  ratified.  In  case  of 
diverg-ence  the  French  text  shall  prevail,  except 
in  parts  I.  (Covenant  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions) and  XII.  (Labor) .  where  the  French 
and  Eng-lish  texts  shall  be  of  equal  force. 

The  deposit  of  ratifications  shall  be  made 
at  Paris  as  soon  as  possible. 

Powers  of  which  the  seat  of  the  g-overnment 
is  outside  Europe  will  be  entitled  merely  to 
inform  the  government  of  the  French  republic 
throug-h  their  diplomatic  representative  at 
Paris  that  their  ratification  has  been  given:  in 
that  case  they  must  transmit  the  instrument  of 
ratification  as  soon  as  possible. 

A  first  proces-verbal  of  the  deposit  of  ratifi- 
cations will  be  drawn  up  as  soon  as  the  treaty- 
has  been_  ratified  by  Austria  on  the 


one  hand. 

and  by  three  of  the  principal  allied  and  asso- 
ciated powers  on  the  oth~r  hand. 


From  the  date  of  this  first  proces-verbal  the 
reaty  will  come  into  fo~C3  between  the  hig-h 
ontracting-  parties  who  have  ratified  it.  For 


the  determination  of  all  periods  of  t^me  pro- 
vided for  in  the  present  treaty  this  date  will 
be  the  date  of  the  coming-  into  force  of  the 
treaty. 

In  all  other  respects  the  treaty  will  enter 
into  force  for  each  power  at  the  date  of  the 
deposit  of  its  ratification. 

The  French  g-overnment  will  transmit  to  all 
the  signatory  powers  a  certified  copy  of  the 
proce?-vprbarx  of  th=>  deposit  of  ratifications. 

In  faith  whereof  the  above  nim-d  plenipo- 
tentiaries have  signed  the  present  treaty. 

Done  f>t  St.  Germain-en-Laye  the  10th  day 
of  September  1919.  in  a  single  copy  which 
will  remain  deposited  in  the  archives  of  the 
French  republic  and  of  which  authenticated 
copies  will  bo  transmitted  to  each  of  the  sigr- 
natory  powers. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


679 


AMERICAN  TREATY  WITH  FRANCE. 


On  July  29  President  Wilson  transmitted 
to  the  senate  a  treaty  between  France  and 
the  United  States  with  the  following-  brief 
explanatory  message: 

"Gentlemen  of  the  senate:  I  take  pleas- 
ure in  laying:  before  you  a  treaty  with  the 
republic  of  France,  the  object  of  which  is  to 
secure  that  republic  of  the  immediate  aid  of 
the  United  States  of  America  in  case  of  any 
unprovoked  movement  of  aggression  against 
her  on  the  part  of  Germany.  I  earnestly  hope 
that  the  treaty  will  meet  with  your  cordial 
approval  and  will  receiye  an  early  ratification 
at  your  hands,  along-  with  the  treaty  of  peace 
with  Germany. 

"Now  that  you  have  "had  an  opportunity  to 
examine  the  great  document  I  presented  to 
you  two  weeks  ago,  it  seems  opportune  to 
lay  before  you  this  treaty,  which  is  meant  to 
be.  in  effect,  a  part  of  it.  It  was  signed  on 
the  same  day  with  the  treaty  of  peace  and  is 
intended  as  a  temporary  supplement  to  it. 

"It  is  believed  that  the  treaty  of  peace  with 
Germany  itself  provides  adequate  protection 
to  France  against  aggression  from  her  recent 
enemy  on  the  east,  but  the  years  immediately 
ahead  of  us  contain  many  incalculable  pos- 
sibilities. The  covenant  of  the  league  of 
nations  provides  for  military  action  for  the 
protection  of  its  members  only  upon  advice  of 
the  council  of  the  league — advice  given,  it  is 
to  be  presumed,  only  upon  deliberation  and 
acted  upon  by  each  of  the  governments  of 
the  member  states  only  if  its  own  judgment 
justifies  such  action. 

"The  object  of  the  special  treaty  with 
France  which  I  now  submit  to  you  is  to  pro- 
vide for  immediate  military  assistance  to 
France  by  the  United  States  in  case  of  any 
unprovoked  movement  of  aggression  against 
her  by  Germany  without  waiting  for  the  ad- 
vice of  the  council  of  the  league  of  nations 
that  such  action  be  taken. 

"It  is  to  be  an  arrangement  not  independent 
of  the  league  of  nations  but  under  it.  It 
is  therefore  expressly  provided  that  this 
treaty  shall  be  made  the  subject  of  consid- 
eration at  the  same  time  with  the  treaty  of 
peace  with  Germany:  that  this  special  arrange- 
ment shall  receive  the  approval  of  the  council 
of  the  league:  and  that  this  special  provision 
for  the  safety  of  France  shall  remain  in  force 
only  until,  upon  the  application  of  one  of  the 
parties  to  it.  the  council  of  the  league, 
acting,  if  necessary,  by  a  majority  vote,  shall 
agree  that  the  provisions  of  the  covenant  of 
the  league  afford  her  sufficient  protection. 

"I  was  moved  to  sign  this  treaty  by  consid- 
erations which  will,  I  hope,  seem  as  persuasive 
and  as  irresistible  to  you  as  they  seemed  to 
me.  We  are  bound  to  Francs  by  ties  of  friend- 
ship which  we  have  always  regarded,  and 
shall  always  regard,  as  peculiarly  sacred.  She 
assisted  us  to  win  our  freedom  as  a  nation. 
It  is  seriously  to  be  doubted  whether  we  could 
have  w.on  it  without  her  gallant  nnd  timely 
aid.  We  have  recently  had  the  privilege  of 
assisting  in  driving  enemies,  who  were  also 
enemies  of  the  world,  from  her  soil:  but  that 
does  not  pay  our  debt  to  her.  Nothing  can 
pay  such  a  debt.  She  now  desires  that  we 
should  promise  to  lend  our  great  force  to 
keep  her  safe  against  the  power  she  has  had 
most  reason  to  fear.  Another  great  nation 
volunteers  the  same  promise.  It  is  one  of  the 
fine  reversals  of  history  that  that  other  nation 
should  be  the  very  power  from  whom  France 
fought  to  set  us  free.  A  new  day  has  dawned. 
Old  antagonisms  are  forgotten.  The  common 
cause  of  freedom  and  enlightenment  has  cre- 
ated new  comradeships  and  a  new  perception 
of  what  it  is  wise  and  necessary  for  great 
nations  to  do  to  free  the  world  of  intolerable 


fear.  Two  governments  who  wish  to  be  mem- 
bers of  the  league  of  nations  ask  leave  of  the 
council  of  the  league  to  be  permitted  to  go 
to  the  assistance  of  a  friend  whose  situation 
has  been  found  to  be  one  of  peculiar  peril, 
without  awaiting  the  advice  of  the  league  to 
act. 

"It  is  by  taking  such  pledges  as  this  that 
we  prove  ourselves  faithful  to  the  utmost  to 
the  high  obligations  of  gratitude  and  tested 
friendship.  Such  an  act  as  this  seems  to  me 
one  of  the  proofs  that  we  are  a  people  that 
sees  the  true  heart  of  duty  and  prefers  honor 
to  its  own  separate  course  of  peace. 

"WOODROW    WILSON." 

ASSISTANCE  TO   FRANCE   IN  THE   EVENT 

OF  UNPROVOKED   AGGRESSION  BY 

GERMANY. 

Agreement  Between  the  United  States  and 
France,  Signed  at  Versailles  June  28,  1919. 
Whereas  the  United  States  of  America  and 
the  French  republic  are  equally  animated  by 
the  desire  to  maintain  the  peace  of  the 
world  so  happily  restored  by  the  treaty  of 
peace  signed  at  Versailles  the  28th  day  of 
June.  1919,  putting  an  end  to  the  war  be- 
gun by  the  aggression  of  the  German  em- 
pire and  ended  by  the  defeat  of  that  power; 
and 

Whereas  the  United  States  of  America  and  the 
French  republic  are  fully  persuaded  that  an 
unprovoked  movement  of  aggression  by  Ger- 
many against  France  would  not  only  violate 
both  the  letter  and  the  spirit  of  the  treaty 
of  Versailles,  to  which  the  United  States  of 
America  and  the  French  republic  are  par- 
ties, thus  exposing  France  anew  to  the  in- 
tolerable burdens  of  an  unprovoked  war,  but 
that  such  an  aggression  on  the  part  of  Ger- 
many would  be  and  is  so  regarded  by  the 
treaty  of  Versailles  as  a  hostile  act  against 
all  the  powers  signatory  to  that  treaty  and 
as  calculated  to  disturb  the  peace  of  the 
world  by  involving,  inevitably  and  directly, 
the  states  of  Europe,  and  indirectly,  as  ex- 
perience has  amply  and  unfortunately  demon- 
strated, the  world  at  large;  and 
Whereas  the  United  States  of  America  and 
the  French  republic  fear  that  the  stipula- 
tions relating  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine 
contained  in  the  treaty  of  Versailles  may 
not  at  first  provide  adequate  security  and 
protection  to  France,  on  the  one  hand,  arfd 
the  United  States  of  America  as  one  of  the 
signatories  of  the  treaty  of  Versailles,  on 
the  other; 

Therefore  the  United  States  of  America  and 
the  French  republic  having  decided  to  con- 
clude a  treaty  to  effect  these  necessary  pur- 
poses, Woodrow  Wilson,  president  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  and  Robert  Lansing, 
secretary  of  state  of  the  United  States,  spe- 
cially authorized  thereto  by  the  president  of 
the  United  States,  and  Georges  Clemenceau. 
president  of  the  council,  minister  of  war,  and 
Stephen  Pichon.  minister  of  foreign  af- 
fairs, specially  authorized  thereto  by  Ray- 
mond Poincare.  president  of  the  French  re- 
public, have  agreed  upon  the  following  arti- 
cles: 

Article  I. 

In  case  the  following  stipulations  relating 
to  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  contained  in 
the  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany  signed  at 
Versailles  the  28th  day  of  June,  1919.  by 
the  United  States  of  America,  the  French 
republic  and  the  British  empire,  among  other 
powers— 

"Art.  42.  Germany  is  forbidden  to  maintain 
or  construct  any  fortifications  either  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Rhine  or  on  the  right  bank 


680 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


to   the   west   of   a   line  drawn   50   kilometers 
to  the  east  of   the  Rhine. 

"Art.  43.  In  the  area  denned  above  the 
maintenance  and  assembly  of  armed  forces, 
either  permanently  or  temporarily,  and  mili- 
tary maneuvers  of  any  kind,  as  well  as  the 
upkeep  of  all  permanent  works  for  mobiliza- 
tion, are  in  the  same  way  forbidden. 

"Art.  44.  In  case  Germany  violates  in  any 
manner  whatever  the  provisions  of  articles  42 
and  43  she  shall  be  regarded  as  committing 
a  hostile  act  against  the  powers  signatory  of 
the  present  treaty  and  as  calculated  to  dis- 
turb the  peace  of  the  world." 
—may  not  at  first  provide  adequate  security 
and  protection  to  Prance,  the  United  States  of 
America  shall  be  bound  to  come  immediately 
to  her  assistance  in  the  event  of  any  unpro- 
voked movement  of  aggression  against  her  be- 
ing- made  by  Germany. 

Article   II. 

The  present  treaty,  in  similar  terms  with 
the  treaty  of  even  date  for  the  same  pur- 
pose concluded  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  French  republic,  a  copy  of  which  treaty 
is  annexed  hereto,  will  only  come  into  force 
when  the  latter  is  ratified. 
Article  III. 

The  present  treaty  must  be  submitted  to 
the  council  of  the  league  of  nations  and 
must  be  recognized  by  the  council,  acting  if 
need  be  by  a  majority,  as  an  engagement 
which  is  consistent  with  the  covenant  of 
the  league.  It  will  continue  in  force  until 
on  the  application  of  one  of  the  parties 
to  it  the  council,  acting  if  need  be  by  a 
majority,  agrees  that  the  league  itself  af- 
fords sufficient  protection. 

Article  IV. 

The  present  treaty  will  be  submitted  to  the 
senate  of  the  United  States  at  the  same  time 
as  the  treaty  of  Versailles  is  submitted  to 
the  senate  for  its  advice  and  consent  to 
ratification.  It  will  be  submitted  before 
ratification  to  the  French  chambers  of  dep- 
uties for  approval.  The  ratification  thereof 
will  be  exchanged  on  the  deposit  of  ratifi- 
cations of  the  treaty  of  Versailles  at  Paris 
or  as  soon  thereafter  as  shall  be  possible. 

In  faith  whereof  the  respective  plenipoten- 
tiaries, to  wit.  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  Wojdrow  Wilson,  president, 
and  Robert  Lansing,  secretary  of  state,  of  the 
United  States:  and  on  the  part  of  the  French 
republic.  Georges  Clemenceau,  president  of 
the  council  of  ministers,  minister  of  war,  and 
Stephen  Pichon.  minister  of  foreign  affairs, 
have  signed  the  above  articles  both  in  the 
English  and  French  languages,  and  they  have 
hereunto  affixpd  their  seals. 

Done  in  duplicate  at  the  city  of  Versailles 
on  the  28th  day  of  June,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  1919,  and  the  one  hundred  and  forty- 
third  of  the  Independence  of  the  United 
States  of  America. 

WOODROW  WILSON. 
ROBERT   LANSING. 
CLEMENCEAU. 
S.    PICHON. 

BRITISH  TREATY  WITH  FRANCE. 

Assistance  to  France  in  the  Event  of  Unpro- 
voked Aggression  by  Germany. 

Whereas  there  is  a  danger  that  the  stipula- 
tions relating  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine 
contained  in  the  treaty  ef  peace,  signed  this 
day  at  Versailles,  may  not  at  first  provide 
adequate  security  and  protection  to  the 
French  republic:  and 

Whereas  his  Britannic  majesty  is  willing,  sub- 
ject to  the  consent  of  his  parliament  and 
provided  that  a  similar  obligation  is  en- 


tered into  by  the  United  States  of  America, 
to  undertake  to  support  the  French  gov- 
ernment in  the  case  of  an  unprovoked  move- 
ment of  aggression  being  made  against 
France  by  Germany;  and 

Whereas  his  Britannic  majesty   and  the  presi- 
dent of  the  French  republic  have  determined 
to    conclude    a    treaty     to    that     effect    and 
have    named    as    their    plenipotentiaries    for 
the  purpose:  that  is  to  say: 
His  majesty  the  king  of  the  united  kingdom 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and  of  the  Brit- 
ish   dominions    beyond    the    seas,    emperor    of 
India:     the    Rt.     Hon.    David    Lloyd     George, 
M.   P..    first    lord    of    his    treasury    and    prime 
minister;     the    Rt.    Hon.    Arthur    James    Bal- 
four.  O.  M.,  M.  P.,  his  secretary  of  state  for 
foreign  affairs. 

The  president  of  the  French  republic:  M. 
Georges  Clemenceau.  president  of  the  council, 
minister  of  war:  M.  Stephen  Pichon,  min- 
ister of  foreign  affairs;  who  having  commu- 
nicated their  full  powers  found  in  good  and 
due  form  have  agreed  as  follows: 

Article  I. 

In  case  the  following  stipulations  relating 
to  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  contained  in 
the  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany  signfMi  at 
Versailles  the  28th  day  of  June.  1919.  by 
the  British  empire,  the  French  republic,  and 
the  United  States  of  America,  among  other 
powers — > 

"Art.  42.  Germany  is  forbidden  to  main- 
tain or  construct  any  fortifications  either 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  or  on  the 
right  bank  to  the  west  of  a  line  drawn  50 
kilometers  to  the  east  of  the  Rhine. 

"Art.  43.  In  the  area  defined  above  the 
maintenance  and  assembly  of  armed  forces, 
either  permanently  or  temporarily,  and  mili- 
tary maneuvers  of  any  kind,  as  well  as  the 
upkeep  of  all  permanent  works  for  mobiliza- 
tion, are  in  the  same  way  forbidden. 

"Art.  44.  In  case  Germany  violates  in  any 
manner  whatever  the  provisions  of  articles 
42  and  43  she  shall  be  regarded  as  commit- 
ting a  hostile  act  against  the  powers  signatory 
of  the  present  treaty  and  as  calculated  to 
disturb  the  peace  of  the  world." 
—may  not  at  first  provide  adequate  security 
and  protection  to  France.  Great  Britain  agrees 
to  come  immediately  to  her  assistance  in  the 
event  of  any  unprovoked  movement  of  aggres- 
sion against  her  being  made  by  Germany. 

Article   II. 

The  present  treaty,  in  similar  terms  with 
the  treaty  of  even  date  for  the  same  pur- 
pose concluded  between  the  French  republic 
and  the  United  States  of  America,  a  copy  of 
which  treaty  is  annexed  hereto,  will  only 
I  come  into  force  when  the  latter  is  ratified. 

Article  III. 

The  present  treaty  must  be  submitted  to 
the  council  of  the  league  of  nations  and  must 
be  recognized  by  the  council,  acting  if  need 
be  by  a  majority,  as  an  engagement  which  is 
consistent  with  the  covenant  of  the  league; 
it  will  continue  in  force  until,  on  the  applica- 
tion of  one  of  the  parties  to  it.  the  council, 
acting  if  need  be  by  a  majority,  agrees  that 
the  league  itself  affords  sufficient  protection. 

Article  IV. 

The  present  treaty  shall,  before  ratification 
by  his  majesty,  be  submitted  to  parliament 
for  approval. 

It  shall,  before  ratification  by  the  president 
of  the  French  republic,  be  submitted  to  the 
French  chambers  for  approval. 

Article    V. 

The  present  treaty  shall  impose  no  obliga- 
ion  upon  any  ol  the  dominions  of  the  British 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


681 


empire  unless  and  until  it  is  approved  by  the 
parliament    of   the  dominion   concerned. 

The  present  treaty  shall  be  ratified  and  shall, 
subject  to  Articles  II.  and  IV.,  come  into  force 
at  the  same  time  as  the  treaty  of  peace  with 
Germany  of  even  date  comes  into  force  for 
the  British  empire  and  the  French  republic. 

In    faith    whereof    the    above    named    pleni- 
potentiaries   have    signed    the    present    treaty, 
drawn  up  in  the  English  and  French  languages. 
Done  in  duplicate  at  Versailles  on  the   28th 
day  of  June,  1919. 

D.  LLOYD  GEORGE. 

ARTHUR    JAMES    BALFOUR. 

CLEMENCEAU. 

S.  PICHON. 


INTERNATIONAL  LABOR  CONFERENCE. 

In  accordance   with   the   annex  to   the  labor 
section  of  the  peace  treaty  with  Germany   (see 

Sage  617  this  volume)  the  government  of  the 
nited  States  summoned  the  first  international 
labor  conference  to  hold  its  sessions  in  Wash- 
ing-ton. D.  C..  beginning  Oct.  29.  1919.  On 
that  date  the  representatives  of  thirty-six 
countries  assembled  in  the  Pan-American 
building1  in  the  national  capital  and  began 
their  deliberations.  These  were  still  in  prog- 
ress late  in  November.  The  United  States 
was  put  in  a  somewhat  awkward  position  by 
the  failure  of  the  senate  to  ratify  the  peace  I 


treaty,  but  the  delegates  invited  representatives 
of  American  labor  to  be  present  unofficially. 
Addresses  were  made  by  W.  B.  Wilson,  sec- 
retary of  labor,  and  Samuel  Gompers,  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  and 
the  former  was  elected  president  of  the  con- 
ference. 

Delegates  sent  by  German  and  Austrian  la- 
bor bodies  were  present,  being  admitted  by  a 
vote  of  seventy-one  to  one.  A  French  dele- 
gate was  the  only  one  voting  in  opposition. 
The  matters  considered  at  the  early  sessions 
of  the  conference  included  the  eight  hour  day. 
the  forty-eight  hour  week  and  unemployment. 

INTERNATIONAL  CONGRESS  OF  WORKING 
WOMEN. 

An  international  congress  of  working  women 
wa*  held  in  Washington.  D.  C..  from  Oct.  28 
to  Nov.  6.  1919.  Fifteen  countries  were  rep- 
resented by  delegates.  Mrs.  Raymond  Robins 
of  Chicago,  president  of  the  National  Women'* 
Trade  Union  league,  under  the  auspices  of 
which  the  conference  was  held,  presided.  Sub- 
jects of  importance  to  working  women  were 
considered  and  resolutions  asking  state  aid  for 
mothers,  an  eight  hour  day  and  forty-four 
hour  week  and  a  weekly  rest  period  of  at 
least  one  day  and  a  half  were  adopted.  It 
was  decided  to  postpone  the  whole  question 
of  a  permanent  organization  until  1920. 


ARMISTICE     DAY     OBSERVED. 


Nov.  11.  1919.  the  first  anniversary  of  the 
cessation  of  fighting  in  the  great  war  under 
the  terms  of  the  armistice,  was  generally  ob- 
served throughout  the  United  States  and  the 
allied  countries  in  Europe.  The  day  was  not 
observed  as  a  holiday  but  was  marked  by 
numerous  meetings  and  by  messages  to  the 
people  from  men  who  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  war  and  in  the  peace  conference.  Presi- 
dent Poincare  of  France  sent  a  special  mes- 
sage to  the  American  people,  while  President 
Wilson  from  his  sick  room  in  the  White  House 
issued  the  following  statement: 

"A  year  ago  to-day  our  enemies  laid  down 
their  arms  in  accordance  with  an  armistice 
which  rendered  them  impotent  to  renew  hos- 
tilities, and  gave  to  the  world  an  assured 
opportunity  to  reconstruct  its  shattered  order 
and  to  work  out  in  peace  a  new  and  juster 
set  of  international  relations. 

"The  soldiers  and  people  of  the  European 
allies  had  fought  and  endured  for  more  than 
four  years  to  uphold  the  barrier  of  civilization 
against  the  aggressions  of  armed  force.  We 
ourselves  had  been  in  the  conflict  something 
more  than  a  year  and  a  half. 

"With    splendid    forgetfulness    of    mere    per-  i 

LEGION    VETERANS    SHOT    BY    I.   W.   W. 

While  armistice  day.  was  being  celebrated  in 
Oentralia.  Wash.,  Nov.  11.  1919,  three  mem- 
bers of  the  American  legion  recently  returned 
from  France  were  shot  and  killed  as  the  pro- 
cession in  which  they  were  taking  part  passed 
the  Industrial  Workers  of  the  World  hall.  An- 
other %  veteran  was  killed  a  little  later.  Four 
others  were  wounded.  Members  of  the  legion 
immediately  started  in  pursuit  of  the  men 
who  had  done  the  shooting.  Britt  Smith, 
secretary  of  the  local  branch  of  the  I.  W.  W., 
was  caught  and  lynched.  In  the  evening  a 
mob  wrecked  the  headquarters  of  the  com- 
munist labor  party  and  the  offices  of  the 
World,  a  socialist  organ.  It  was  said  that 
the  shooting  was  a  premeditated  affair  and 
that  the  purpose  was  to  get  even  with  cer- 
tain soldiers  who  had  been  active  in  combat- 
ing the  activities  of  the  "reds"  in  the  dis- 
trict. A  company  of  state  guards  was  sent 
to  Centralia  on  the  llth  and  restored  order. 


sonal  concerns,  we  remodeled  our  industries, 
concentrated  our  financial  resources,  increased 
our  agricultural  output  and  assembled  a  great 
army,  so  that  at  the  last  our  power  was  a 
decisive  factor  in  the  victory.  We  were  able 
to  bring  the  vast  resources,  material  and 
moral,  pf  a  great  and  free  people  to  the  as- 
sistance of  our  associates  in  Europe  who  had 
suffered  and  sacrificed  without  limit  in  the 
cause  for  which  we  fought. 

"Ovtt  of  this  victory  there  arose  new  po»- 
sibilities  of  political  freedom  and  economic 
concert.  The  war  showed  us  the  strength  of 
great  nations  acting  together  for  high  pur- 
poses, and  the  victory  of  arms  foretells  the 
enduring  conquests  which  can  be  made  in 
peace  when  nations  act  justly,  and  in  further- 
ance of  the  common  interests  of  men. 

"To  us  in  America  the  reflections  of  armi- 
stice day  will  be  filled  with  solemn  pride  in 
the  heroism  of  those  who  died  in  the  coun- 
try's service,  and  with  gratitude  for  the  vic- 
tory, both  because  of  the  thing  from  which 
it  has  freed  us  and  because  of  the  opportunity 
it  has  given  America  to  show  her  sympathy 
with  peace  and  justice  in  the  councils  of  na- 
tions. WOODROW  WILSON." 

CARNEGIE  REPORT  ON  COST  OF  THE  WAR. 

The  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International 
Peace  made  a  comprehensive  report  Nov.  17. 
1919.  on  the  direct  and  indirect  costs  of  the 
war.  The  direct  cost  in  money,  it  said, 
amounted  to  $186.000.000.000  and  the  indi- 
rect costs  to  almost  as  much  more.  The  cap- 
italized value  of  soldier  lives  lost  was  placed 
at  533.551.276.280.  Other  items  in  the  direct 
and  indirect  losses  were  these: 

Property  loss  on  land.  $29, 960. 000.000:  on 
water.  56.800,000,000:  on  production.  $45.- 
000.000.000;  war  relief.  $1.000,000,000:  loss 
to  neutrals.  81.750.000.000;  total  indirect 
costs  to  nations,  belligerent  and  neutral,  $151,- 
612.542.560. 

The  number  of  known  dead  in  the  war  ia 
placed  at  9,998,771  and  of  the  presumed  dead 
2.991,800— a  total  of  12.990.571. 

The  report  was  prepared  by  Ernest  L.  Bo- 
gart.  professor  of  economics  in  the  University 
of  Illinois. 


682 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


THE    PARIS    PEACE    CONFERENCE. 


Conference  began— Jan.    18,   1919. 

Nations   represented— 27. 

German  peace  treaty  signed— June  28. 

Ratified  by  Italy— Oct.   7. 

Ratified  by  Britain— Oct.   10. 

Ratified  by  France— Oct.  21, 

Ratified  by  Japan— Oct.  30. 

Laid  before  U.  S.  senate— July  10. 

Rejected  by  senate— Nov.  19. 

Austrian  peace  treaty  signed— Sept.  10. 

Bulgarian  peace  treaty  signed— Nov.  27. 


On  the  preceding-  pages  of  this  volume  will 
be  found  the  chief  fruits  of  the  great  peace 
conference  held  in  Paris  beginning1  formally 
Jan.  18.  1919,  and  continuing-  almost  to  the 
closing1  days  of  the  year.  The  full  text  of 
the  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany,  including 
the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations  which 
caused  such  a  worldwide  discussion,  is  repro- 
duced on  pages  549-620:  of  the  treaty  with 
Poland  on  pages  620-624;  and  of  the  treaty  of 
peace  with  Austria  on  pages  625-681.  It  now  re- 
mains to  tell  something  of  the  way  in  which 
these  results  were  brought  about  and  to  re- 
count some  of  the  more  dramatic  incidents 
attending  the  negotiations. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  President  Wil- 
son's "fourteen  points"  as  formulated  by 
him  in  a  speech  before  the  American  con- 
gress on  Jan.  8,  1918,  formed  the  basis  of 
most  of  the  claims  laid  before  the  peace 
conference  and  figured  largely  in  the  nego- 
tiations they  are  reprinted  here  lor  conven- 
ience of  reference: 

No  Private  Understandings. 

"I.  Open  covenants  of  peace,  openly  ar- 
rived at,  after  which  there  shall  be  no  private 
international  understandings  of  any  kind,  but 
diplomacy  shall  proceed  always  frankly  and 
in  the  public  view. 

Freedom   of  Seas. 

"II.  Absolute  freedom  of  navigation  upon 
the  seas  outside  territorial  waters,  alike  in 
peace  and  in  war.  except  as  the  seas  may  be 
closed  in  whole  or  in  part  by  international  ac- 
tion for  the  enforcement  of  international  cove- 
nants. 

No  Economic  Barriers. 

"III.  The  removal,  so  far  as  possible,  of  all 
economic  barriers  and  the  establishment  of  an 
equality  of  trade  conditions  among  all  the  na- 
tions consenting  to  the  peace  and  associating 
themselves  for  its  maintenance. 

Reduce  National  Armaments. 

"IV.  Adequate  guaranties  given  and  taken 
that  national  armaments  will  be  reduced  to 
the  lowest  point  consistent  with  domestic 
safety. 

Colonial    Claims. 

"V.  A  free,  open  minded  and  absolutely  im- 
partial adjustment  of  all  colonial  claims, 
based  upon  a  strict  observance  of  the  princi- 
ple that  in  determining  all  such  questions  of 
sovereignty  the  interests  of  the  populations 
concerned  must  have  equal  weight  with  the 
equitable  claims  of  the  government  whose  title 
is  to  be  determined. 

Russian   Territory. 

"VI.  The  evacuation  of  all  Russian  terri- 
tory and  such  a  settlement  of  all  questions  af- 
fecting Russia  as  will  secure  the  best  and 
freest  co-oneration  of  the  other  nations  of  the 
world  in  obtaining-  for  her  an  unhampered  and 
unembarrassed  opportunity  for  the  independent 
determination  of  her  own  political  develop- 


United  States. 


France. 


ment  and  national  policy  and  assure  her  of 
a  sincere  welcome  into  the  society  of  free 
nations  under  institutions  of  her  own  choos- 
ing, and,  more  than  a  welcome,  assistance 
also  of  every  kind  that  she  may  need  and  may 
herself  desire.  The  treatment  accorded  Russia 
by  her  sister  nations  in  the  months  to  come 
will  be  the  acid  test  of  their  good  will  of 
their  comprehension  of  her  needs  as  distin- 
guished from  their  own  interests  and  of  their 
intelligent  and  unselfish  sympathy. 
Restoration  of  Belgium. 

"VH.  Belgium,  the  whole  world  will  agree. 
must  be  evacuated  and  restored,  without  any 
attempt  to  limit  the  sovereignty  which  she  en- 
joys in  common  with  all  other  free  nations. 
No  other  single  act  will  serve  as  this  will 
serve  to  restore  confidence  among  the  nations 
in  the  laws  which  they  have  themselves  set 
and  determined  for  the  government  of  their 
relations  with  one  another.  Without  this 
healing  act  the  whole  structure  and  validity 
of  international  law  is  forever  impaired. 
Alsace-Lorraine  to  France. 

"VHI.  All  French  territory  should  be  freed 
and  the  invaded  portions  restored  and  the 
wrong-  done  to  France  by  Prussia  in  1871  in 
the  matter  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  which  hag  un- 
settled the  peace  of  the  world  for  nearly 
fifty  years,  should  be  righted  in  order  that 
peace  may  once  more  be  made  secure  in  the 
interest  of  all. 

New  Frontiers  for  Italy. 

"IX.  A  readjustment  of  the  frontiers  of 
Italy  should  be  effected  along  clearly  recog- 
nizable lines  of  nationality. 

Autonomy  in   Austria-Hungary. 

*'X.  The  peoples  of  Austria-Hungary,  whose 
place  among  the  nations  we  wish  to  see  safe- 
guarded and  assured,  should  be  accorded  the 
freest  opportunity  of  autonomous  develop- 
ment. 

Roumania,  Serbia  and  Montenegro. 

"XI.  Roumania,  Serbia  and  Montenegro 
should  be  evacuated;  occupied  territories  re- 
stored; Serbia  accorded  free  and  secure  ac- 
cess to  the  sea.  and  the  relations  of  the  sev- 
eral Balkan  states  to  one  another  determined 
by  friendly  counsel  along  historically  estab- 
lished lines  of  allegiance  and  nationality;  and 
international  guaranties  of  the  political  and 
economic  independence  and  territorial  integrity 
of  the  several  Balkan  states  should  be  en- 
tered into. 

Autonomy   in    Turkey. 

"XII.  The  Turkish  portions  of  the  present 
Ottoman  empire  should  be  assured  a  secure 
sovereignty,  but  the  other  nationalities  which 
are  now  under  Turkish  rule  should  be  as- 
sured an  undoubted  security  of  life  and  an 
absolutely  unmolested  opportunity  of  au- 
tonomous development,  and  the  Dardanelles 
should  be  permanently  opener!  as  a  free  pas- 
sage to  the  ships  and  commerce  of  all  nations 
under  international  guaranties. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


683 


n°    •  Western  Newspaper  t'nion. 

D.  LLOYD  GEORGE.    V.  E.  ORLANDO. 

Great  Britain.  Italy. 

For  an  Independent  Poland. 

"XIII.  An  independent  Polish  state  should 
be  erected  which  should  include  the  territories 
inhabited  by  indisputably  Polish  populations, 
which  should  be  assured  a  free  and  secure  ac- 
cess to  the  sea  and  whose  political  and  eco- 
nomic independence  and  territorial  integrity 
should  be  guaranteed  by  international  cove 
nant. 

League  of  Nations. 

"XIV.  A  general  association  of  nations 
must  be  formed  under  specific  covenants  for 
the  purpose  of  affording-  mutual  guaranties 
of  political  independence  and  territorial  in- 
tegrity to  great  and  small  states  alike." 
PRELIMINARY  MEETINGS. 

Delegates  to  the  peace  conference  assembled 
in  Paris  early  in  January.  1919  and  meetings 
formal  and  informal,  took  place  at  which  the 
groundwork  for  the  congress  was  laid.  There 
was  an  exchange  of  views  between  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  leading  powers  at  the  French 
foreign  office  on  Jan.  12.  Methods  of  proce- 
dure, representation  and  other  matters  of  im- 
portance were  discussed.  This  was  the  first 
meeting  of  what  was  called  the  "supreme 
council,"  consisting  in  this  instance  of  Presi 
dent  Wilson  and  the  premiers  and  foreign  min 
isters  of  the  four  great  powers,  the  Uni.ted 
States.  Great  Britain.  France  and  Italy.  One 
of  the  things  which  had  already  been  decided 
upon  was  that  the  real  work  of  the  congress 
was  to  be  done  at  the  Quai  D'Orsay,  or  French 
foreign  office  in  Paris,  and  not  at  Versailles, 
where,  however,  the  actual  signing  of  the 
treaty  was  to  take  place. 

One  of  the  first  problems  facing  the  peace 
delegates  was  the  question  of  publicity  of  the 
proceedings.  Newspaper  correspondents  ask^d 
that  they  be  admitted  to  the  sessions  of  the 
conference  and  to  report  them  without  re- 
strictions, their  contention  being  based  on  the 
first  of  President  Wilson's  fourteen  points  that 
"diplomacy  shall  proceed  always  frankly  and 
in  the  public  view."  The  matter  was  consid- 
ered at  a  meeting  of  the  supreme  council  Jan. 
17  and  the  decision  was  arrived  at  that  th? 
difficult  and  delicate  nature  of  tne  negotiations 
precluded  publicity  until  after  conclusions  had 
been  reached.  "If."  said  the  council,  "prema- 
ture publicity  is  given  to  the  negotiations  ths 
proceedings  of  the  peace  conference  would  be 
interminably  protracted  and  the  deleg ?.  tes  would 
be  forced  to  speak  not  only  of  the  business 
before  the  conference,  but  to  cpncern  them- 
selves with  the  controversies  which  had  been 
raised  by  the  account  of  their  proceedings 
outside." 

With  regard  to  the  full  conferences  the  fol- 
lowing- rule  was  adopted: 

"Representatives  of  the  press  shall  be  ad- 
mitted to  the  meetings  of  the  full  conference, 
but  upon  necessary  occasions  the  deliberations 
of  the  conference  may  be  held  in  camera." 

CONFERENCE   REGULATIONS. 

Though   the  regulations  governing  the    work 

of    the    conference    were    not    published    until 

July  19.  the  day  after  the  first  formal  session 

of  the  congress,  they  were  agreed  upon  before 


Copyright,  Harris  &  L»...,  Western  Newspaper  Union. 

A.    J.   BALFOUR.  E.    VENIZELOS. 

Great    Britain.  Greece, 

that  date  in  the  preliminary  meetings.     They 
were  as  follows: 

1.  The  conference  assembled  to  fix  the  con- 
ditions of   peace,   first  in  the  preliminaries  of 
peace  and  then  in  the  definite  treaty  of  peace, 
shall  include  the  representatives  of  the  bellig- 
erent allied  and  associated  powers. 

The  belligerent  powers  with  general  inter- 
ests, the  United  States  of  America,  the  Brit- 
ish empire,  France,  Italy,  and  Japan,  shall  take 
part  in  all  meetings  and  commissions. 

The  belligerent  powers  with  particular  in- 
terests. Belgium,  Brazil,  the  British  dominions 
and  India.  China.  Cuba.  Greece.  Guatemala. 
Haiti.  Hedjaz,  Honduras,  Liberia.  Nicaragua, 
Panama.  Poland,  Portugal.  Roumania.  Serbia. 
Siam  and  the  Czec  no-Slovak  republic,  shall 
take  part  in  the  sittings  at  which  questions 
concerning  them  are  discussed. 

The  powers  in  a  state  of  diplomatic  rupture 
with  the  enemy  powers.  Bolivia.  Ecuador. 
Peru,  and  Uruguay,  shall  take  part  in  the  sit- 
tings at  which  questions  concerning1  them  are 
discussed. 

The  neutral  powers  and  states  in  process  of 
formation  may  be  heard  either  orally  or  in 
writing  when  summoned  by  the  powers  with, 
general  interests  at  sittings  devoted  especially 
to  the  examination  of  questions  directly  con- 
cerning them,  but  only  so  far  as  these  ques- 
tions are  concerned. 

2.  The  powers  shall  be  represented  by  pleni- 
potentiary delegates  to  the  number  of:     Five 
for  the  United  States  of  America,   the  British 
empire.    France,    Italy    and    Japan:    three    for 
Belgium.    Brazil    and    Serbia:    two    for    China. 
Greece,   the  king  of  Hedjaz,  Poland.  Portugal. 
Roumania,    Siam    and    the    Czecho-Slovak    re- 
public; one  for  Cuba.   Guatemala.   Haiti,   Hon- 
duras.   Liberia.    Nicaragua    and    Panama:    one 
for  Bolivia.   Ecuador.  Peru  and  Uruguay. 

The  British  dominions  and  India  shall  be 
represented  as  follows:  Two  delegates  each 
for  Australia,  Canada,  South  Africa  and  India, 
including  the  native  states;  one  delegate  for 
New  Ze-land. 

Although  the  number  of  delegates  may  not 
exceed  the  figures  above  mentioned,  each  del- 
egation has  the  right  to  avail  itself  of  the 
panel  system.  The  representation  of  the  do- 
minions, including  Newfoundland,  and  of  India, 
may  be  included  in  the  representation  of  the 
British  empire  by  the  panel  system. 

Montenegro  shall  be  represented  by  one  dele- 
gate, but  the  rules  concerning  the  designation 
of  this  delegate  shall  not  be  fixed  until  the 
moment  when  the  political  situation  of  this 
country  shall  have  been  cleared  up. 

The  conditions  of  the  representation  of 
Russia  shall  be  fixed  by  the  conference  at  the 
moment  when  the  matters  concerning  Russia 
are  examined. 

3.  Each  delegation  of  plenipotentiaries  may 
be  accompanied  by  technical  delegates  prop- 
erly accredited  and  by  two  stenographers. 

The  technical  delegates  may  be  present  at 
the  sittings  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing 
information  which  may  be  asked  of  them. 
They  shall  be  allowed  t.o  speak  for  the  pur- 
pose of  giving  any  desired  explanations. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Copyright,  Harrij  &  Swing. 

S.    SONNINO.  MARQUIS  SAIONJI. 

Italy.  Japan. 

4.  The  delegates   take   precedence   according 
tc   the   alphabetical   order,   in  French,    of   the 
powers. 

5.  The  conferepce  will  be  declared  open  by 
the    president    of    the    French    republic.     The 
president    of    the  council   of   French    ministers 
will   be  invested   temporarily   with   the   chair- 
manship   immediately    after    this.      (M.    Clem- 
enceau    was    elected    permanent    chairman    of 
the    conference.)       A    committee    composed    of 
one     plenipotentiary     of     each     of     the     great 
allied    or    associated    powers    shall    proceed    at 
once  to   the   authentication   of   the   credentials 
of  all  the  members  present. 

6.  In    the    course    of    the    first    meeting1    the 
conference    will   proceed    to    appoint    a    perma- 
nent president  and  four  vice-presidents  chosen 
from  the  plenipotentiaries   of   the   great   pow- 
ers in  alphabetical  order. 

7.  A     secretariat,     appointed     from     outside 
the   plenipotentiaries,    composed   of    one   repre- 
sentative of  the  United  States  of  America,  one 
of  the  British  empire,   one   of  France,    one  of 
Italy  and  one  of  Japan,   will  be  submitted  to 
the   approval    of   the  conference  by   the   pres- 
ident,   who    will   be    the   controlling-   authority 
responsible  for  its  operations. 

This  secretariat  will  be  intrusted  with  the 
care  of  drafting1  the  protocols  of  the  meeting, 
of  classifying1  the  archives,  of  providing  for 
the  administration  and  organization  of  the  con- 
ference, and  g-enerally  of  insuring  the  regu- 
lar and  punctual  working1  of  the  service  in- 
trusted to  it.  The  head  of  the  secretariat 
shall  have  charge  of  and  be  responsible  for 
the  protocols  and  archives. 

The  archives  always  will  be  open  to  the 
members  of  the  conference. 

8.  The    publicity    of    the    proceeding's    shall 
be   insured   by    official   communiques    prepared 
by  the  secretariat  and  made  public.     In  case  of 
disagreement     as     to     the     drafting     of     these 
communiques,   the  matter  shall  be  referred  to 
the    principal    plenipotentiaries    or    their    rep- 
resentatives. 

9.  Reserved. 

10.  All  documents  intended  for  inclusion  in 
the  protocols  must  be  handed  in  in  writing  by 
the     plenipotentiaries     presenting     them.       No 
document   of  a   proposition   may  be   submitted 
save  by  one  of  the  plenipotentiaries  or  in  his 
name. 

11.  Plenipotentiaries     wishing     to     make     a 
proposal    not   connected   with   the  question    on 
the  agenda  or  not  arising  from  the  discussion 
shall    give    notice    of     the    same    twenty-four 
hours    in    advance,    in    order   to    facilitate    the 
discussions.       However,      exceptions      can      be 
made  to  this  rule  in   the  case  of  amendments 
or    secondary    questions,    but    not   in    the    case 
of    substantive    proposals. 

12.  Petitions,     memoranda,     observations    or 
documents  forwarded  to  the  conference  by  any 
persons    other   than    plenipotentiaries    must   be 
received  and  classified  by  the  secretariat.    Such 
of  these  communications   as   are   just   political 
will    be    briefly    summarized    in    a    line,    to    be 
distributed  to   all   the   plenipotentiaries.      This 


Copyright,  Harris  &  Ewing  Lniierwood  i  Underwood. 

TSENG  TSIANG  LOU.       FRANK    L.     POLK. 
China.        /  United    States. 

list  will  be  kept  up  to  date  as  analogous 
communications  are  received.  All  such  doc- 
uments will  be  deposited  in  the  archives. 

13  The  discussipn  of  the  question  to  be 
decided  will  comprise  a  first  and  second  read- 
ing1. The  first  will  consist  of  the  general 
subject,  with  the  object  of  obtaining  an  agree- 
ment on  matters  of  importance.  Subsequently 
there  will  be  a  second  reading1  for  a  more 
detailed  examination. 

14.  The     plenipotentiaries     shall     have     the 
right,  subject  to  the  agreement  with  the  con- 
ference,  to  authorize  their   technical  delegates 
to  submit  technical  explanations  on  such  points 
as  may  be  deemed  lawful. 

If  the  conference  thinks  advisable  the  tech- 
nical examinations  of  any  particular  question 
may  be  intrusted  to  a  committee  of  technical 
delegates,  whose  duty  will  be  to  report  and 
suggest  solutions. 

15.  The   protocols   drawn   up   by   the   secre- 
tariat    shall    be     printed     and    distributed    in 
proof  to  the  delegates  in  the  shortest  possible 
time.      To    expedite   the    work   by    the   confer- 
ence   the    communications    thus    made    in    ad- 
vance shall   take  the   place   of  the   reading  of 
the  protocol  at  the  beginning  of  each  meeting. 
If    no    alteration    is   proposed   by    the   plenipo- 
tentiaries  the   text    shall    be   deemed   approved 
and  entered  in   the  archives. 

If  any  alteration  is  proposed  its  text  shall 
be  read  by  the  president  at  the  beginning  of 
the  following1  meeting.  In  any  case  the  pro- 
tocol must  be  read  out  in  full  at  the  request 
of  any  plenipotentiary. 

16.  A      committee     shall     be     formed     for 
drafting1    the    resolutions   adopted.      This    com- 
mittee shall  concern  itself  only  with  questions 
which  have  been  decided.     Its  sole  duty  shall 
be  to  draw  up  the  text  of  the  decision  adopted 
and    to    present    it    for    the    approval    of    the 
conference. 

It  shall  be  composed  of  five  members  not 
forming-  part  of  the  plenipotentiary  dele- 
g-ates  and  composed  of  one  representative  of 
the  United  States  of  America,  one  of  the 
British  empire,  one  of  France,  one  of  Italy  and 
one  of  Japan. 

OPENING  SESSION  OF  CONGRESS. 

The  first  formal,  public  session  of  the  peace 
congress  was  held  Jan.  18  in  the  splendid 
Salle  de  la  Paix.  formerly  known  as  the 
Salle  d'Horloge.  in  the  ministry  of  foreign 
affairs  on  the  Seine  across  from  the  Place  de 
la  Concorde.  It  was  attended  by  all  the  lead- 
ing delegates  and  many  other  distinguished 
persons  from  various  parts  of  the  world.  The 
proceedings  began  just  after  3  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon  when  President  Poincare  of  France 
arose  and  said: 

"Gentlemen:  France  greets  and  thanks  you 
for  having-  chosen  as  the  seat  of  your  labors 
the  city  which  for  more  than  four  years  the 
enemy  has  made  his  principal  military  ob- 
jective and  which  the  valor  of  the  allied  ar- 
mies has  victoriously  defended  against  un- 
ceasingly renewed  offensives. 


LEON  BOURGEOIS. 
France. 


PAUL     HYMANS. 
Belgium. 


Underwood  &  Underwood. 

E.   M.   HOUSE. 
United    States. 


Clinedinst.  Copyright,  1  18. 

ROBERT  LANSING. 
United    States. 


"Permit  me  to  see  in  your  decision  the  hom- 
age of  all  the  nations  that  you  represent 
toward  a  country  which,  more  than  any 
other,  has  endured  the  sufferings  of  war,  of 
which  entire  provinces  have  been  transformed 
into  a  vast  battle  field  and  have  been  sys- 
tematically laid  waste  by  the  invader,  and 
which  has  paid  the  human  tribute  in  death. 

"France  has  borne  these  enormous  sacri- 
fices although  she  had  not  the  slightest  re- 
sponsibility for  the  frightful  catastrophe  which 
bas  overwhelmed  the  universe.  And  at  the 
moment  when  the  cycle  of  horror  is  ending 
all  the  powers  whose  delegates  are  assembled 
here  may  acquit  themselves  of  any  share  in 
the  crime  which  has  resulted  in  so  unprece- 
dented a  disaster. 

"What  gives  you  the  authority  to  establish 
a  peace  of  justice  is  the  fact  that  none  of 
the  peoples  of  whom  you  are  the  delegates 
has  had  any  part  in  the  injustice.  Humanity 
can  place  confidence  in  you  because  you  are 
not  among  those  who  have  outraged  the 
rights  of  humanity. 

"There  is  no  need  of  further  information  or 
of  special  inquiries  into  the  origin  of  the 
drama  which  has  just  shaken  the  world.  The 
truth,  bathed  in  blood,  has  already  escaped 
from  the  imperial  archives.  The  premeditated 
character  of  the  trap  is  to-day  clearly  proved. 

"In  the  hope  of  conquering  first  the  hegem- 
ony of  Europe  and  next  the  mastery  of  the 
world,  the  central  empires,  bound  together  by 
a  secret  plot,  found  the  most  abominable  of 
pretexts  for  trying  to  crush  Serbia  and  force 
their  way  to  the  east.  At  the  same  time  they  j 
disowned  the  most  solemn  undertakings  in  or- 
der to  crush  Belgium  and  force  their  way 
into  the  heart  of  France. 

"These  are  the  two  unforgettable  outrages 
which  opened  the  way  to  aggression.  The 
combined  efforts  of  Great  Britain.  France,  and 
Russia  were  exerted'  against  that  man-made 
arrogance. 

"If.  after  long  vicissitudes,  those  who 
wished  to  reign  by  the  sword  have  perished 
by  the  sword,  they  have  only  themselves  to 
blame.  They  have  been  destroyed  by  their 
own  blindness. 

"What  could  be  more  significant  than  the 
shameful  bargains  they  attempted  to  offer  to 
Great  Britain  and  France  at  the  end  of  July, 
1914,  when  to  Great  Britain  they  suggested: 
'Allow  us  to  attack  France  on  land  and  we 
will  riot  enter  the  channel."  and  when  they 
instructed  their  ambassador  to  say  to  France: 
'We  will  only  accept  a  declaration  of  neutral- 
ity on  your  part  if  you  surrender  to  us  Briey, 
Tqul  and  Verdun'?  It  is  in  the  light  of  these 
things,  gentlemen,  that  all  the  conclusions  you 
will  have  to  draw  from  the  war  will  take 
shape.  *  *  * 

"From  the  north  to  the  south  the  new 
world  arose  with  indignation  when  it  saw 
the  empires  of  central  Europe,  after  having 
let  loose  the  war  without  provocation  and 
without  excuse,  carry  it  on  with  fire,  pillagre 
and  the  massacre  of  inoffensive  beings. 


"The  intervention  of  the  United  States  was 
something  more,  something  greater  than  a 
great  political  and  military  event.  It  was  a 
supreme  judgment  passed  at  the  bar  of  history 
by  the  lofty  conscience  of  a  free  people  and 
their  chief  magistrate  on  the  enormous  respon- 
sibilities incurred  in  the  frightful  conflict  which 
was  lacerating-  humanity. 

"It  was  not  only  to  protect  itself  from  the 
audacious  aims  of  German  megalomania  that 
the  United  States  equipped  fleets  and  created 
immense  armies,  >but  also,  and  above  all.  to 
defend  an  ideal  of  liberty  over  which  it  saw 
the  huge  shadow  of  the  imperial  eagle  en- 
croaching farther  every  day.  America,  the 
daughter  of  Europe,  crossed  the  ocean  to  res- 
cue her  mother  from  the  humiliation  of 
thralldom  and  to  save  civilization. 

"The  American  people  wished  to  put  an  end 
to  the  greatest  scandal  that  has  ever  sullied  the 
annals  of  mankind.  Auiocratic  governments, 
having  proposed  in  the  secrecy  of  the  chan- 
celleries and  the  general  staff  a  mad  program 
of  universal  dominion,  let  loose  their  packs 
at  the  time  fixed  by  their  genius  for  intrigue 
and  sounded  the  horns  for  the  chase,  ordering: 
science  (at  the  very  time  it  was  beginning 
to  abolish  distances,  to  bring  men  closer  to- 
gether and  make  life  sweeter)  to  leave  the 
bright  sky  toward  which  it  was  soaring  and 
to  place  itself  submissively  at  the  service  of 
violence;  debasing-  the  religious  idea  to  the 
extent  of  making  God  the  complacent  aux- 
iliary of  their  passions  and  the  accomplice  of 
their  crimes— in  short,  counting  as  naught  the 
traditions  and  wills  of  peoples,  the  lives  of 
citizens,  the  honor  of  women  and  all  those 
principles  of  public  and  private  morality 
which  we  for  our  part  have  endeavored  to 
keep  unaltered  throughout  the  war,  and  which 
neither  nations  nor  individuals  can  repudiate 
or  disregard  with  impunity.  *  *  * 

"The  solidarity  which  has  united  us  during 
the  war  and  has  enabled  us  to  win  military 
success  ought  to  remain  unimpaired  during 
the  negotiations  for  and  after  the  signing  of 
the  treaty. 

"It  is  not  only  the  governments  but  free 
peoples  who  are  represented  here.  To  the 
test  of  danger  they  have  learned  to  know  and 
help  one  another.  They  want  their  intimacy 
of  yesterday  to  assure  the  peace  of  to-morrow. 
Vainly  would  our  enemies  seek  to  divide  us. 
If  they  have  not  yet  renounced  their  custom- 
ary maneuvers,  they  will  soon  find  that  they 
are  meeting-  to-day,  as  during  the  hostilities, 
a  homogeneous  block  which  nothing:  will  be 
able  to  disintegrate.  Even  before  the  armi- 
stice you  reached  that  iinity  under  the  aid  of 
the  lofty  moral  and  political  truths  of  which 
President  Wilson  has  nobly  made  himself  the 
interpreter,  and  in  the  light  of  these  truths  you 
intend  to  accomplish  your  mission.  *  *  * 

"While  introducing  into  the  world  as  much 
harmony  as  possible,  you  will,  in  conformity 
with  the  fourteenth  of  the  propositions  unani- 
mously adopted  by  the  great  allied  powers,  es- 


686 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Clinedinrt,  Copyright.  1018.  Clinedinst,  Copyright,  1918. 

GEN.   T.    H.   BLISS.  HENRY   WHITE. 

United  States.  United   States, 

tablish  a  general  league  of  nations  which  will 
be  the  supreme  guaranty  against  any  fresh 
assault  upon  the  rights  of  peoples. 

"You  do  not  intend  this  international  asso- 
ciation to  be  directed  against  anybody  in  the 
future.  It  will  not,  of  a  set  purpose,  shut 
out  anybody,  but.  having  been  organized  by 
the  nations  that  have  sacrificed  themselves  in 
the  defense  of  right,  it  will  receive  from  them 
its  statutes  and  fundamental  rules. 

"It  will  lay  down  conditions  concerning: 
present  or  future  adherence,  and.  as  it  is  to 
b.ave  for  its  essential  aim  the  prevention  as 
far  as  possible  of  the  renewals  of  wars,  it 
will,  above  all.  seek  to  gain  respect  for  the 
peace  which  you  will  have  established  and 
will  find  it  the  less  difficult  to  maintain  in 
proportion  as  this  peace  will  in  itself  imply 
the  greater  realities  of  justice  and  safer  guar- 
anties of  stability. 

"By  establishing  this  new  order  of  things 
you  will  meet  the  aspirations  of  humanity, 
which,  after  the  frightful  convulsions  of  the 
blood  stained  years,  ardently  wishes  to  feel 
itself  protected  by  a  union  of  free  peoples 
against  every  possible  revival  of  primitive 

"An  immortal  glory  will  attach  to  the 
names  of  the  nations  and  the  men  who  have 
desired  to  co-operate  in  this  grand  work  in 
faith  and  brotherhood,  and  who  have  taken 
the  pains  to  eliminate  from  the  future  peace 
causes  of  disturbance  and  instability. 

"This  very  day  forty-eight  years  ago — on  the 
18th  of  January.  1871 — the  German  empire 
was  proclaimed  by  an  army  of  invasion  in 
the  chateau  at  Versailles.  It  was  consecrated 
by  the  theft  of  two  French  provinces.  It  was 
thus  a  violation  from  its  origin,  and  by  the 
fault  of  its  founders  it  was  born  in  injustice. 
It  has  ended  in  oblivion. 

"You  are  assembled  in  order  to  repair  the 
evil  that  has  been  done  and  to  prevent  a 
recurrence  of  it.  You  hold  in  your  hands  the 
future  of  the  world.  I  leave  you  gentlemen 
to  your  grave  deliberations  and  declare  the 
conference  of  Paris  open." 

Wifson    Xames    Clemertceau    as    Chairman. 

When  President  Poincare  had  concluded  his 
address  and  retired  from  the  hall  President 
Wilson  arose  and  nominated  Premier  Clemen- 
ceau  of  France  for  permanent  chairman  of  the 
conference.  He  said: 

"Mr.  Chairman:  It  gives  me  great  pleasure 
to  propose  as  permanent  chairman  of  the  con- 
ference M.  Clemenceau.  the  president  of  the 
council. 

"I  would  do  this  as  a  matter  of  custom.  I 
would  do  this  as  a  tribute  to  the  French  re- 
pr~  lie.  But  I  wish  to  do  it  as  something 
more  than  that.  I  wish  to  do  it  as  a  tribute 
to  the  man. 

"France  deserves  the  precedence  not  only 
because  we  are  meeting  at  her  capital  and 
because  uhe  has  undergone  some  of  the  most 
tragical  suffering  of  the  war.  but  also  because 
her  capital,  her  ancient  and  beautiful  capital, 
has  so  often  been  the  center  of  conferences  of 


Copyrizht.  Harris  &  Ewing.  Copyrizht,  Harris  &  Ewinir. 

LORD  ROBERT  CECIL.      EMIR   OF   FEISAL 

Great    Britain.  Hedjaz. 

this    sort,    on    which    the    fortunes    of    large 
parts  of  the  world  turned. 

"It  is  a  very  delightful  thought  that  the 
history  of  the  world,  which  has  so  often 
centered  here,  will  now  be  crowned  by  the 
achievements  of  this  conference — because  there 
is  a  sense  in  which  this  is  the  supreme  con- 
ference in  the  history  of  mankind. 

"More  nations  are  represented  here  than 
were  ever  represented  in  such  a  conference  be- 
fore. The  fortunes  of  -all  peoples  are  involved. 
A  great  war  is  ended,  which  seemed  about  to 
bring  a  universal  cataclysm.  The  danger  is 
passed.  A  victory  has  been  won  for  mankind, 
and  it  is  delightful  that  we  should  be  able 
to  record  these  great  results  in  this  place. 

"But  it  is  more  delightful  to  honor  France 
because  we  can  honor  her  in  the  person  of  so 
distinguished  a  servant.  We  have  all  felt  in 
our  participation  in  the  struggles  of  this  war 
the  fine  steadfastness  which  characterized  the 
leadership  of  the  French  in  the  hands  of  M. 
Clemenceau.  We  have  learned  to  admire  him 
and  those  of  us  who  have  been  associated  with 
him  have  acquired  a  genuine  affection  for 
him. 

"Moreover,  those  of  us  who  have  been  in 
these  recent  days  in  constant  consultation  with 
him  know  how  warmly  his  purpose  is  set 
toward  the  goal  of  achievement  to  which  all 
our  faces  are  turned.  He  feels  as  we  feel,  as 
I  have  no  doubt  everybody  in  this  room  feels, 
that  we  are  trusted  to  do  a  great  thing,  to 
do  it  in  the  highest  spirit  of  friendship  and 
accommodation,  and  to  do  it  as  promptly  as 
possible  in  order  that  the  hearts  of  men  may 
have  fear  lifted  from  them  and  that  they  may 
return  to  those  purposes  of  life  which  will 
bring  them  happiness  and '  contentment  and 
prosperity. 

"Knowing  his  brotherhood  of  heart  in  these 
great  matters,  it  affords  me  a  personal  pleas- 
ure to  propose  that  M.  Clemenceau  shall  be 
the  permanent  chairman  of  this  conference." 

Seconded  by  Lloyd  George. 

In  seconding  the  nomination  Premier  Lloyd 
George  of  Great  Britain  said: 

"I  count  it  not  merely  a  pleasure  but  a 
great  privilege  that  I  should  be  expected,  on 
behalf  of  the  British  empire  delegates,  to  sup- 
port the  motion  of  President  Wilson.  I  do  so 
for  this  reason  which  he  has  so  eloquently 
given  expression  to:  as  a  tribute  to  the  man. 
When  I  was  a  schoolboy  M.  Clemenceau  was 
a  compelling  and  conspicuous  figure  in  the 
politics  of  his  native  land  and  his  fame  had 
extended  far  beyond  the  bounds  of  France. 

"Were  it  not  for  that  undoubted  fact.  Mr. 
President.  I  should  have  treated  as  a  legend 
the  common  report  of  your  years.  I  have 
attended  many  conferences  with  M.  Clemen- 
ceau. and  in  them  all  the  most  vigorous,  the 
most  enduring,  and  the  most  youthful  figure 
there  has  been  that  of  M.  Clemenceau.  He 
has  had  the  youthfulness;  he  has  had  the 
hopefulness  and  the  fearlessness  of  youth.  He 
is  indeed  the  'grand  young  man'  of  France. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


687 


and  I  am  proud  to  stand  here  to  propose  that 
he  should  take  the  chair  in  this  great  confer- 
ence that  is  to  settle  the  peace  of  the  world. 
"I  know  of  none  better  qualified,  or  as  well 
Qualified,  to  occupy  this  chair  than  M. 
Clamenceau.  And  I  epeak  from  my  experience 
in  its  claim.  He  and  I  have  not  always  agreed. 
We  have  often  agreed.  We  have  sometimes  dis- 
agreed, and  we  have  always  expressed  our  dis- 
agreements very  emphatically  because  we  are 

"But.  although  there  will  be  delays,  and 
inevitable  delays,  in  the  sig-ning  of  peace,  due 
to  the  inherent  difficulties  of  what  we  have 
to  settle.  I  will  guarantee,  from  my  knowledge 
of  M.  Clemenceau.  that  there  will  be  no 
waste  of  time.  And  that  is  important. 

"The  world  is  thirsting  and  hungering  for 
peace.  There  are  millions  of  people  who  want 
to  get  back  to  the  world  work  of  peace.  And 
the  fact  that  M.  Clemenceau  is  in  the  chair 
will  be  proof  that  they  will  get  there  without 
any  delays  which  are  due  to  anything  except 
the  difficulties  which  are  essential  in  what  we 
have  to  perform.  He  is  one  of  the  great 
speakers  of  the  world.  But  no  one  knows  bet- 
ter than  he  that  the  best  speaking  is  that 
which  impels  beneficent  actions.  .  ,,,,,, 

"I  have  another  reason.  During  the  aarK 
days  we  have  passed  through  his  courage, 
his  unfailing  courtesy,  his  untiring  energy,  his 
inspiration  have  helped  the  allies  through  to 
triumph,  and  I  know  of  no  one  to  whom  that 
victory  is  more  attributable  than  the  man  WHO 
eits  in  this  chair.  In  his  own  person,  more 
than  any  living  man.  he  represents  the  hero- 
ism, he  represents  the  genius  of  the  indom- 
itable people  of  his  land. 

"And  for  these  reasons  I  count  it  a  privilege 
that  I  should  be  expected  to  second  this  mo- 
tion." Response  by  Clemenceau. 

In  accepting  the  nomination  Premier  Clemen- 

Ce"T<ra  would  not  expect  me  to  keep  silence 
alter  what  the  tlwo  eminent  statesmen  \vho 
have  just  spoken  have  said.  I  cannot  help 
expressing  my  great,  my  profound  gratitude 
to  the  illustrious  president  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  the  prime  minister  of  Great 
Britain,  for  the  words  I  have  just  heard 
from  their  lips. 

"Long  ago.  when  I  was  young,  as  Mr.  Lloyd 
George  has  recalled  to  you,  when  I  was  trav- 
eling in  America  and  in  England,  I  always 
heard  the  French  reproached  for  an  excess 
of  courtesy  wftich  sometimes  went  beyond 
the  truth. 

"As  I  listened  to  the  American  statesman 
and  to  the  English  statesman.  I  wondered 
whether  they  had  not  caught  in  Paris  our 
national  disease  of  courtesy.  Nevertheless, 
gentlemen.  I  must  say  that  my  election  is 
necessarily  due  to  the  old  international  tradi- 
tion of  courtesy  to  the  country  which  has 
the  honor  to  receive  the  peace  conference  in 

"I  wish  'also  to  say  that  this  testimony  of 
friendship,  if  they  will  allow  to  me  the  word, 
on  the  part  of  President  Wilson  and  Mr.  Lloyd 
George  in  particular,  has  touched  me  deeply 
because  I  see  in  it  a  new  strength  for  all 
three  of  us  to  accomplish,  with  the  co-opera- 
tion of  the  entire  conference,  the  arduous  work 
which  is  intrusted  to  us.  I  gather  from  it 
a  new  confidence  in  the  success  of  our  efforts. 

"President  Wilson  has  special  autho-it.v  to 
say  that  this  is  the  first  time  in  fact  that 
the  world  has  ever  seen  assembled  together  a 
delegation  of  all  the  civilized  nations  of  the 

"The  greater  the  bloody  catastrophe  which 
has  devastated  and  ruined  one  of  the  richest 
parts  of  France,  the  greater  and  more  splen- 
did must  be  the  reparation — not  only  the  ma- 
terial reparation,  the  vulgar  reparation,  if  1 


dare  speak  so.  which  is  due  all  of  us.  but 
the  higher  and  nobler  reparation  of  the  new 
institutions  which  we  will  try  to  establish,  in 
order  that  nations  may  at  length  escape  from 
the  fatal  embrace  of  ruinous  wars,  which  de- 
stroy everything,  heap  up  ruins,  terrorize  the 
populace  and  prevent  them  from  going  freely 
about  their  work  for  fear  of  enemies  which 
may  rise  up  from  one  day  to  the  next. 

"It  is  a  great,  splendid  and  noble  ambi- 
tion which  has  come  to  all  of  us.  It  is  de- 
sirable that  success  should  crown  our  efforts. 
This  cannot  take  place  unless  we  all  have 
firmly  fixed  and  clearly  determined  ideas  on 
what  we  wish  to  do. 

"I  said  in  the  chamber  a  few  days  ago  and 
I  wish  to  repeat  here,  that  success  is  not 
possible  unless  we  remain  firmly  united.  We 
have  come  together  as  friends;  we  must  leave 
this  hall  as  friends. 

"That,  gentlemen,  is  the  first  thought  that 
comes  to  me.  All  else  must  be  subordinated 
to  the  necessity  of  a  closer  and  closer  union 
among  the  nations  which  have  taken  part  in 
this  great  war  and  to  the  necessity  of  re- 
maining friends.  For  the  league  of  nations 
is  here.  It  is  yourself.  It  is  for  you  to  make 
it  live  and  to  make  it  live  we  must  have  it 
really  in  our  hearts. 

'"As  I  told  President  Wilson  a  lew  days  agro 
there  is  no  sacrifice  that  I  am  not  willing  to 
make  in  order  to  accomplish  this,  and  I  do 
not  doubt  that  you  all  have  the  same  senti- 
ment. We  will  make  these  sacrifices,  but  on 
the  condition  that  we  endeavor  impartially  to 
conciliate  interests  apparently  contradictory  on 
the  higher  plane  of  a  greater,  happier  and 
better  humanity. 

"That,  gentlemen,  is  what  I  had  to  say  to 
you.  I  am  touched  beyond  words  at  the  evi- 
dence of  good  will  and  friendship  which  you 
show  me. 

"The  program  of  this  conference  has  been 
laid  down  by  President  Wilson.  It  is  no 
longer  the  peace  of  a  more  or  less  vast  ter- 
ritory, no  longer  the  peace  of  continents:  it 
is  the  peace  of  nations  that  is  to  be  made. 
This  program  is  sufficient  in  itself.  There 
is  no  superfluous  word.  Let  us  try  to  act 
swiftly  and  well." 

Beyond  the  making  of  these  nnd  other 
speeches  no  business  was  transacted  at  The 
opening  conference,  which  ended  at  4:40.  After 
announcing  that  the  league  of  nations  would 
be  placed  at  the  head  of  the  order  of  the  day 
at  the  next  full  session  M.  Clemenceau  de- 
clared the  meeting  adjourned. 

PRESSING  QUESTIONS  TAKEN  UP. 
The  delegates,  a  full  list  of  whom  will  be 
found  on  pages  549.  550,  321,  625  :ind  626 
of  this  volume,  settled  down  to  work  and 
took  up  the  questions  that  seemed  most  press- 
ing. Among  these  were  the  drafting  of  the 
covenant  of  the  league  of  nations,  the  ques- 
tion of  the  representation  of  Russia,  inter- 
national legislation  on  labpr,  responsibilities 
and  punishments  in  connection  with  the  war 
reparations  for  war  damages  and  international 
regime  of  ports,  waterways  and  railways.  Much 
of  this  work  was  intrusted  to  committees  as- 
sisted by  advisers  and  experts.  On  Jan.  22  the 
supreme  council  announced  that  it  had  invited 
representatives  of  the  Russi?n  factions  to 
meet  at  Princes'  islands  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora 
and  arrange  a  settlement  of  their  differences. 
This  conference,  it  may  be  said.  n°ver  took 
place,  the  Russian  envovs  in  Paris,  headed  by 
Sergius  Sazonoff.  a  former  Russian  foreign 
minister,  refusing-  to  sit  with  bolshevist  assas- 
sins either  at  the  place  named  or  elsewhere. 
The  Russian  problem  remained  practically  un- 
solved throughout  the  conference. 

FRAMERS   OF   LEAGUE   OF   NATIONS. 
On  Jan.  25  the  general  peace  council  decided 
unanimously  in  favor  of  a   league  of  nations. 


688 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


the  covenant  to  be  framed  by  a  special  com- 
mittee composed  of  members  of  all  the  asso- 
ciated governments.  Those  for  the  five  great 
powers  were: 

For  the  United  States — President  Wilson  and 
Col.  Edward  M.  House. 

For  Great  Britain— Lord  Robert  Cecil  and 
Gen.  Jan  Christian  Smuts. 

For  France — Leon  Bourgeois  and  Ferdinand 
Larnaude.  dean  of  the  faculty  of  law  of  the 
University  of  Paris. 

For  Italy— Premier  Orlando  and  Vittorio 
Scialoia. 

For  Japan — Viscount  Chinda  and  K.  Ochiai. 

TERRITORIAL   CLAIMS   BEFORE 

CONFERENCE. 

By  the  3d  of  February  the  delegates  of  the 
five  great  powers  had  before  them  practically 
all  of  the  territorial  claims  made  by  the  va- 
rious nations  in  the  entente  or  friendly  to  it. 
The  United  States  presented  no  claim  of  this 
character.  Following  were  the  desires  of  the 
other  countries: 

France. 

France  wanted,  first  of  all,  Alsace-Lorraine 
unconditionally  and  the  rigrht  to  discuss  and 
ultimately  to  fix  the  French  frontiers  in  their 
relation  to  the  Rhine,  which  might  require 
the/  creation  of  buffer  states.  One  of  these 
would  be  the  Palatinate  and  another  Rhenish 
Prussia.  France  desired  also  to  annex  the 
basin  of  the  Saar  river,  which  might  be 
called  reannexation. 

France  insisted  that  so  far  as  the  left  bank 
of  the  Rhine  farther  to  the  north  was  con- 
cerned, the  conference  should  forbid  military 
works  of  any  kind— barracks,  bridgeheads, 
forts  and  fortresses — in  that  zone.  The  feel- 
ing was  that  the  people  inhabiting  that  zone 
should  be  free  to  decide  for  themselves 
whether  they  wished  to  join  France,  form  an 
independent  state  or  return  to  Germany. 

The  French  government  did  not  ask  for  a 
protectorate  in  Syria  in  the  ordinary  sense, 
because  it  considered  that  the  population 
there  was  too  advanced  to  make  a  protecto- 
rate necessary;  but  France,  on  account  of 
her  traditional  interests  in  that  country,  felt 
that  she  should  be  called  upon  to  exercise 
some  sort  of  guardianship  or  guidance  until 
Syria  should  be  fully  able  to  govern  herself. 
Great  Britain. 

Great  Britain's  delegation  believed  that  a 
society  of  nations  was  desirable  and  obtain- 
able and  that  it  must  be  established  by  the 
peace  conference.  She  advanced  no  conti- 
nental purposes  other  than  those  of  a  perma- 
nent and  just  peace  under  the  principle  of 
self-determination  and  that  there  should  be 
international  freedom  of  transit  by  railroads 
and  waterways,  which  was  Great  Britain's 
general  definition  of  freedom  of  commerce 
in  times  of  peace. 

Great  Britain  would  take  mandatory  power 
jB'ver  the  German  islands  south  of  the  equator 
for  Australia  and  over  German  Southwest 
'Africa  for  the  Union  of  South  Africa.  She 
WOTlId  also  have  the  mandate  over  German 
E  iSt  Africa  and  some  parts  of  Arabia  and  she 
feed  particular  claims  in  this  respect  over 
Me  sopotamia. 

Italy. 

i  .aly  asked  for  the  Trentino  as  far  as  the 
Brenner  pass,  including  the  whole  of  the 
southern  Tyrol;  Trieste,  Istria,  Fiume.  Zara. 
Sebanico,  the  larger  part  of  the  Dalmatian 
islands,  Avlona  and  its  hinterland,  a  protecto- 
rate over  Albania,  possession  of  the  islands 
in  the  ^gean  which  were  taken  from  Turkey 
during-  the  Tripolitan  war  and  the  province 
of  Adalia  if  France  and  England  should  take 
territory  in  Asia  Minor. 

The    Italian    contention    was    that    the    Dal- 
islands    and    such    parts    of    the    Dal- 


matian coast  as  were  not  assigned  to  Italy 
should  be  neutralized.  Should  France  and 
England  extend  their  colonial  possessions  in 
Africa  Italy  desired  to  enlarge  her  posses- 
sions in  Eritrea  and  Tripoli. 
Roumania. 

Territorial  contentions  in  the  Balkans  were 
complicated  and  presented  difficult  problems. 
Roumania  desired  to  retain  possession  of  that 
portion  of  Russian  Bessarabia  given  her  by 
the  central  powers  under  the  canceled  treaty 
of  Bukharest  and  since  in  her  possession. 
Roumania  also  desired  southern  Dobrogea.  as 
ceded  to  her  by  Bulgaria  after  the  second 
Balkan  war.  Possession  of  Bessarabia  and 
the  Dobrogea  commands  the  mouth  of  the 
Danube. 

Westward  Roumania  wanted  to  annex  the 
Hapsburg  provinces  of  Bukowina  and  Tran- 
sylvania and  a  considerable  part  of  the  rich 
agricultural  district  of  Banat.  It  was  here 
that  the  Roumanian  aspirations  conflicted 
with  those  of  Serbia. 

Serbia. 

Serbia's  claims  in  the  Hapsburg  monarchy 
to  the  provinces  of  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina 
were  opposed  by  no  one  in  the  entente  group. 
The  plans  for  the  incorporation  into  Jugo 
Slavia  of  the  Hapsburg  province  of  Croatia, 
except  as  to  the  coastal  region  of  Fiume,  were 
also  considered  as  subject  to  the  internal  de- 
cision of  the  southern  Slavs. 

Jugo  Slav  and  Italian  aims  were  in  sharp 
conflict  in  the  settlement  of  the  Adriatic  coast 
problem,  involving  the  future  of  Fiume  and 
the  Croatian  seaboard  along  with  the  islands 
of  Dalmatia  and  Albania. 
Greece. 

Greece  wished  Northern  Epirus  and  Thrace 
with  the  exception  of  Constantinople  and  the 
shores  of  the  Bosporus  and  the  Dardanelles, 
which  Premier  Venizelos  wishes  to  place  under 
international  control.  Greece  asked  for  the 
vilayet  of  Smyrna  in  Asia  Minor  and  the  for- 
mer Turkish  islands  in  the  eastern  Mediter- 
ranean, including  those  known  as  the  Dodeca- 
nesus  and  claimed  by  Italy. 
Bulgaria. 

Although  Bulgaria  capitulated  without  con- 
ditions and  her  future  territories  depended 
upon  the  conquerors,  her  government  had  not 
abandoned  hope  of  adding  extensive  territories 
and  it  even  hoped  to  receive  extensions  of  the 
Bulgarian  frontiers  in  southern  Macedonia 
along  the  ^Egean  coast  and  in  Thrace. 
Czecho-Slovakia. 

The  new  state  of  Czecho-Slovakia  was  carv- 
ing out  its  territories  almost  entirely  at  the 
expense  of  the  old  Austria-Hungary.  The  old 
kingdom  of  Bohemia.  Moravia  and  the  Slovak 
regions  of  northern  Hungary  already  had  been 
incorporated  into  the  proposed  state,  but  there 
were  certain  conflicts  with  the  Poles,  Ruthe- 
nians,  Roumanians  and  Germans  as  well  as 
with  the  Austrians  and  the  Magyars  because 
the  Czechs  claimed  that  parts  of  German  Sax- 
ony and  German  Silesia  belonged  ethnographi- 
cally  to  the  new  state. 

Poland. 

The  Pples  with  an  inadequate  army  were 
endeavoring  to  establish  possession  of  dis- 
puted regions  on  three  sides  of  Russian  Po- 
land and  Galicia,  which  constituted  the  nu- 
cleus of  the  new  Polish  state.  The  Poles 
desired  eastern  Galicia  to  include  Lemberg. 
which  is  in  the  Ukraine,  and  the  disputed 
province  of  Cholm,  in  Little  Russia.  North- 
east the  Poles  desired  to  have  Vilna  recog- 
nized as  Polish. 

Belgium. 

Belgium  asked  that  her  reparation  for  dam- 
ages wrought  by  Germany  should  be  the  first 
lien  upon  German  assets  to  the  extent  of  at 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


least  15,000,000,000  francs  ($3,000.000,000) 
or  up  to  a  much  larger  sum  if  Germany  does 
not  return  the  machinery  and  the  materials 
taken  from  Belgium. 

Belgium,  having  reasserted  her  independence 
and  thus  emerged  from  her  old  state  of  neu- 
trality, desired  from  Holland  the  left  bank  of 
the  Scheldt  and  the  peninsula  of  Maastricht, 
which  protrudes  into  Belgian  Limburg.  Bel- 
grium  also  would  assent  to  a  plebiscite  in  Lux- 
emburg to  decide  whether  that  country  wished 
to  join  Belgium  or  France  or  retain  its  au- 
tonomy. 

Japan. 

Japan  entered  the  peace  conference,  as  Baron 
Makino.  the  senior  delegate,  said,  "with  no 
territorial  ambitions  in  China,"  and  that  as 
lor  Tsingtau,  "she  will  hand  it  back  to  China 
under  the  terms  of  the  notes  exchanged  be- 
tween China  and  Japan  in  May,  1915." 

This  was  interpreted  by  Japan  as  permitting 
her  to  retain  certain  former  German  conces- 
sions on  the  Shantung  peninsula.  Japan. 
Baron  Makino  explained,  "neither  intended 
nor  desired  to  interfere  in  Russian  affairs, 
but  was  willing,  if  solicited,  to  aid  Russia 
in  restoring  order." 

These  declarations  disposed  of  tvro  of  the 
main  questions  in  which  Japan  was  interested 
except  that  she  desired  to  retain  the  southern 
Pacific  islands  north  of  the  equator,  which 
formerly  belonged  to  Germany. 
China. 

The  Chinese  delegates  asked  to  be  guar- 
anteed against  foreign  imperialism  or  aggres- 
sion and  desired  the  gradual  abolition  of  "con- 
sular rights"  and  to  be  allowed  to  impose 
higher  duties  on  importations.  The  Chinese 
also  asked  for  the  return  of  Kiaochow. 
Switzerland. 

The  Swiss  government  represented  that, 
while  Switzerland  would  be  glad  to  participate 
in  a  society  of  nations,  yet  because  of  her 
mixed  nationalities  she  could  not  do  so  if  that 
should  mean  the  use  of  her  troops  in  policing 
the  world  by  force,  as,  perhaps,  against  Italy, 
France  or  Germany.  Switzerland  desired  an 
outlet  to  the  sea  by  making  the  Rhine  a  neu- 
tral stream. 

Scandinavia. 

The  territorial  aspirations  of  the  three 
Scandinavian  powers  were  considered  modest. 
Denmark  wished  to  annex  that  part  of  north- 
ern Schleswig  inhabited  predominantly  by 
Danes,  but  did  not  ask  to  retain  the  prov- 
inces of  Schleswig  and  Holstein,  taken  from 
Denmark  by  Prussia  in  the  war  of  1864,  or 
to  extend  her  frontiers  southward  to  the  Kiel 
canal. 

Norway  had  certain  aspirations  to  Spitzber- 
ren  and  her  claim  was  subsequently  granted. 

A  strong  socialist  movement  in  Sweden  fa- 
vored the  union  with  Sweden  of  the  Aland 
islands,  which  were  regarded  by  the  Swedes 
as  the  naval  key  to  Stockholm. 

LEAGUE  COVENANT  PRESENTED. 

On  Feb.  14,  1919,  at  a  plenary  session  of 
the  conference  President  Wilson  presented  the 
report  of  the  commission  on  the  league  orf  na- 
tions. On  arising  to  read  the  covenant  he  said: 

"Mr.  Chairman:  I  have  the  honor  and  as- 
sume it  a  very  great  privilege  of  reporting  in 
the  name  of  the  commission  constituted  by  this 
conference  on  the  formulation  of  a  plan  for 
the  league  of  nations.  I  am  happy  to  say  that 
it  is  a  unanimous  report — a  unanimous  report 
from  the  representatives  of  fourteen  nations — 
the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  France,  Italy, 
Japan,  Belgium,  Brazil,  China,  Czecho-Slova- 
kia.  Greece.  Poland,  Portugal,  Roumania  and 
Serbia." 

The  president  then  read  the  text  of  the 
covenant  and  followed  it  with  remarks  extol- 
ling the  purposes  of  the  proposed  league.  He 


w^s  followed  in  a  similar  strain  by  Lord  Rob- 
ert Cecil.  Dr.  Vittorio  Orlando,  Leon  Bourgeois. 
Baron  Makino,  George  N.  Barnes.  Eleutherios 
Venizelos  and  Dr.  V.  Wellington  Koo. 

Immediately  after  this  plenary  session  Pres- 
ident Wilson  returned  to  the  United  States  to 
attend  to  business  connected  with  the  closing: 
of  the  65th  congress.  (See  page  299.)  On 
Feb.  19  an  attempt  to  assassinate  Premier 
Clemenceau  caused  some  interruption  in  the 
work  of  the  conference.  President  Wilson  re- 
turned to  Paris  March  14  and  resumed  work 
on  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany  and  on 
a  revision  9f  the  league  covenant  in  order  to 
meet  criticisms  made  upon  it.  particularly 
with  regard  to  the  safeguarding  of  the  Mon- 
roe doctrine.  On  April  10  the  league  of  nations 
adopted  a  new  section  of  the  covenant  specific- 
ally excepting  the  Monroe  doctrine  from  the 
provisions  of  the  covenant. 

There  were  many  objections  to  the  covenant 
as  originally  drawn  up  and  the  document  was 
entirely  recast  in  the  direction  of  making  it 
clearer.  In  its  new  form  it  was  presented  at 
a  plenary  session  held  on  April  28.  (It  is  given 
in  full  in  its  revised  form  on  pages  550-554 
of  this  volume.)  Article  21  relating  to  the 
Monroe  doctrine  was  entirely  new.  President 
Wilson  in  presenting  the  document  to  the  con- 
ference did  not  read  it  in  detail  but  explained 
the  changes.  He  said: 

"The  first  paragraph  of  article  1  is  new.  In 
view  of  the  insertion  of  the  covenant  in  the 
peace  treaty,  specific  provision  as  to  the  signa- 
tories of  the  treaty  who  would  become  mem- 
bers of  the  league  and  also  as  to  neutral 
states  to  be  invited  to  accede  to  the  covenant, 
were  obviously  necessary.  The  paragraph  also 
provides  for  the  method  by  which  a  neutral 
state  may  accede  to  the  covenant. 

"The  third  paragraph  of  article  1  is  new. 
providing  for  the  withdrawal  of  any  member 
of  the  league  on  a  notice  given  of  two  years. 

"The  second  paragraph  of  article  4  is  new. 
providing  for  a  possible  increase  in  the  coun- 
cil, should  other  powers  be  added  to  the  league 
of  nations  whose  present  accession  is  not  an- 
ticipated. 

"The  last  two  paragraphs  of  article  4  are 
new,  providing  specifically  for  one  vote  for 
each  member  of  the  league  in  the  council, 
which  was  understood  before,  and  providing 
also  for  one  representative  of  each  member  of 
the  league. 

"The  first  paragraph  of  article  5  is  new. 
expressly  incorporating  the  provision  as  to  the 
unanimity  of  voting,  which  was  at  first  taken 
for  granted. 

"The  second  paragraph  of  article  5  has  had 
added  to  it  that  a  majprity  of  the  assembly 
must  approve  the  appointment  of  the  secre- 
tary-general. 

"The  first  paragraph  of  article  7  names 
Geneva  as  the  seat  of  the  league,  and  is  fol- 
lowed by  a  second  paragraph  which  gives  the 
council  power  to  establish  the  seat  of  the 
league  elsewhere  should  it  subsequently  deem 
it  necessary. 

"The  third  paragraph  of  article  7  is  new. 
establishing  equality  of  employment  of  men 
and  women,  that  is  to  say.  by  the  league. 

"The  second  paragraph  of  article  13  is  new, 
inasmuch  as  it  undertakes  to  give  instances  of 
disputes  which  are  generally  suitable  for  sub- 
mission to  arbitration,  instances  of  what  have 
latterly  been  called  'justiciable'  questions. 

"The  eighth  paragraph  of  article  15  is  new. 
This  is  the  amendment  regarding  domestic 
jurisdiction,  that  where  the  council  finds  a 
question  arising  out  of  an  international  dis- 
pute affects  matters  which  are  clearly  under 
the  domestic  jurisdiction  of  one  or  other  of 
the  parties  it  is  to  report  to  that  effect  and 
make  no  recommendation. 

"The  last  paragraph  of  article  16  is  new. 
providing  for  an  expulsion  from  the  league  IB 
certain  extraordinary  circumstances. 

"Article  21  is  new. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


"The  second  paragraph  of  article  22  inserts 
the  words  with  regard  to  mandatories,  'and 
who  are  willing  to  accept  it,'  thus  explicitly 
introducing  the  principle  that  a  mandate  can- 
not be  forced  upon  a  nation  unwilling  to  ac- 

"Article  23  is  a  combination  of  several  for- 
mer articles  and  also  contains  the  following: 
A  clause  providing  for  the  just  treatment  of 
aborigines;  a  clause  looking  toward  a  preven- 
tion of  the  white  slave  traffic  and  the  traffic 
in  opium,  and  a  clause  looking  toward  progress 
in  international  prevention  and  control  of  dis- 
ease. 

"Article  25  specifically  mentions  the  Red 
Cross  as  one  of  the  international  organizations 
which  are  to  connect  their  work  with  the 
work  of  the  league. 

"Article  26  permits  the  amendment  of  the 
covenant  by  a  majority  of  the  states  compos- 
ing the  assembly,  instead  of  th  -ee-f ourths  of 
the  states,  though  it  docs  not  change  the  re- 
quirements in  that  matter  with  regard  to  th2 
vote  in  the  council. 

"The  second  paragraph  of  article  26  is  also 
new  and  was  added  at  the  request  of  the  Br-> 
zilian  delegation,  in  order  to  avoid  certain 
constitutional  difficulties.  It  permits  any  mem- 
ber of  the  league  to  dissent  from  an  amend- 
ment, the  effect  of  such  dissent  being  with- 
drawal from  the  league. 

"And  the  annex  is  added,  giving  the  namss 
of  the  signatories  of  the  treaty,  who  becom, 
members,  and  the  names  of  the  states  invited 
to  accede  to  the  covenant.  These  are  all  the 
changes,  I  believe,  which  are  of  moment. 

"Mr.  President:  I  take  the  opportunity  to 
move  the  following  resolutions  in  order  to 
•carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  covenant.  You 
will  notice  that  the  covenant  provides  that  the 
first  secretary-general  shall  be  chosen  by  this 
conference.  It  also  provides  that  the  first 
choice  of  the  four  member  states  who  are  to 
be  added  to  the  five  great  powers  on  the  coun- 
cil is  loft  to  this  conference. 

"I  move,  therefore,  that  the  first  secretary- 
general  of  the  council  shall  be  the  Hon.  Sir 
James  Eric  Drummond.  and,  secondly,  that 
until  such  time  as  the  assembly  shall  have 
selected  the  first  four  members  of  the  league 
to  be  represented  on  the  council  in  accordance 
•with  article  4  of  the  covenant,  representatives 
of  Belgium.  Brazil.  Greece  and  Spain  shall  be 
members;  and,  third,  that  the  powers  to  be 
represented  on  the  council  of  the  league  of 
nations  are  requested  to  name  i-epresentatives 
who  shall  form  a  committee  of  nine  to  pre- 
pare plans  for  the  organization  of  the  league 
and  for  the  establishment  of  the  seat  of  the 
league  and  to  make  arrangements  and  to  pre- 
pare the  agenda  for  the  first  meeting  of  the 
assembly,  this  committee  to  report  both  to  the 
council  and  to  the  assembly  of  the  league." 
CONTROVERSY  OVER  FIUME. 

The  first  serious  clash  in  the  deliberations  of 
the  peace  conference  came  over  Italy's  claim 
to  Fiume  and  other  places  on  the  Dalmatian 
coast  of  the  Adriatic  which  were  also  claimed 
by  the  Jugo  Slavs.  The  principal  dispute  was 
over  Fiume  itself  on  account  of  its  port  facili- 
ties and  its  impo'rtrnce  to  the  Jugo  Slav  statz 
as  an  outlet  for  its  commerce.  As  early  as 
.March  21  the  Italian  delegation  made  it  knov:n 
that  unless  Fiume  wrs  av/arded  to  Italy  they 
would  leave  the  conference.  President  Wilson 
took  the  Jugo  Slav  side  of  the  controversy. 
Premier  Lloyd  George  and  Premier  Clemenceau 
being-  inc.ined  to  favor  Italy's  claim  on  the 
basis  of  the  London  pact  ceding  part  of  the 
Dalmatian  coast  to  Italy. 

Matters  were  brought  to  a  head  April  23 
when  President  Wilson  issued  a  statement  giv- 
ing his  reasons  for  opposing  Italy's  claim  to 
Fiume.  This  statement,  in  part,  follows: 

"When  It  ly  entered  the  war  she  entered 
upon  the  bnsis  of  a  definite  private  unde  - 
standing  with  Great  Britain  and  France,  now 


known  as  the  pact  of  London.  Since  that  time 
the  whole  face  of  circumstances  has  baen 
altered.  Many  other  powers,  great  and  small, 
have  entered  the  struggle  with  no  knowledge 
of  that  private  understanding. 

"The  Austro-Hungarian  empire,  then  the 
enemy  of  Europe,  and  at  whose  expense  the 
pact  of  London  was  to  be  kept  in  the  event  of 
victory,  has  gone  to  pieces  and  no  longer  ex- 
ists. Not  only  that,  but  the  several  p.  rts  of 
that  empire,  it  is  agreed  now  by  Italy  and  all 
her  associates,  are  to  be  erected  into  inde- 
pendent states  and  associated  in  a  league  of 
nations,  not  with  those  who  were  recently  our 
enemies,  but  with  Italy  herself  and  the  powers 
that  stood  with  Italy  in  the  great  war  for 
liberty. 

"We  are  to  establish  their  liberty  as  well  as 
our  own.  They  are  to  be  among  the  Smaller 
states  whose  interests  are  henceforth  to  be 
safeguarded  as  scrupulously  as  the  interests  of 
the  most  powerful  stales. 

"The  war  was  ended,  moreover,  by  propos- 
ing to  Germany  an  armistice  and  peace  which 
should  be  founded  on  certain  clearly  defined 
principles  which  set  up  a  new  order  of  right 
and  justice.  Upon  those  principles  the  perce 
with  Germany  has  been  conceived  not  only 
but  fortnulated.  Upon  those  principles  it  will 
be  effected. 

"We  cannot  ask  the  great  body  of  powers 
*o  propose  and  effect  peace  with  Austria  and 
establish  a  new  basis  of  independence  and  right 
in  the  states  which  originally  constituted  the 
Austro-Hungarian  empire  and  in  the  states  of 
the  Balkan  group  on  principles  of  another 
kind.  We  must  apply  the  same  principles  to 
the  settlement  of  Europe  in  those  quarters 
that  we  have  applied  in  the  peace  with  Ger- 
many. 

"It  was  upon  the  explicit  avowal  of  those 
principles  that  the  initiative  for  peace  was 
taken.  It  is  upon  them  that  the  whole  struc- 
ture of  peace  must  rest. 

"If  those  principles  are  to  be  adhered  to 
Fiume  must  serve  as  the  outlet  of  the  com- 
merce, not  of  Italy,  but  of  the  land  to  the 
north  and  northeast  of  that  port — Hungary. 
Bohemia.  Roumania  and  the  states  of  the  new 
Jugo  Slav  group.  To  assign  Fiume  to  Italy 
would  be  to  create  the  feeling  that  we  have 
deliberately  put  the  port  upon  which  all  those 
countries  chiefly  depend  for  their  access  to 
the  Mediterranean  in  the  hands  of  a  power  of 
which  it  did  not  form  an  integral  part  and 
whose  sovereignty,  if  set  up  there,  must  in- 
evitably seem  foreign,  not  domestic  or  identi- 
fied with  the  commercial  and  industri  1  life  of 
the  regions  which  the  port  must  serve.  It  is 
for  thr-t  reason,  no  doubt,  that  Fiume  was  not 
included  in  the  pact  of  London,  but  there  defi- 
nitely assigned  to  the  Croatians." 
ITALIANS  WITHDRAW  FROM  CONFERENCE. 

The  Italian  peace  delegation  took  offense  at 
the  statement  made  by  President  Wilson  and 
promptly  withdrew  from  the  conference.  Its 
action  was  approved  ty  the  people  and  gov- 
ernment of  Italy.  There  was  much  excitement 
for  a  time,  but  this  gradually  cooled  down  and 
Premier  Orlando  and  Foreign  Minister  Sonnino 
on  May  7  returned  to  Paris  to  take  part  in  the 
ceremonies  attending  the  delivery  of  the  peace 
;reaty  to  the  German  delegates. 

TREATY  PRESENTED  TO  GERMANS. 
While  the  attention  of  the  world  was  di- 
rected chiefly  toward  the  framing  of  the  league 
of  nations  covenant,  work  on  the  details  of 
the  peace  treaty  proper  was  progressing-  slow- 
ly but  steadily  and  by  the  end  of  April  it 
was  so  far  completed  that  Germany  was 
invited  to  send  delegates  to  receive  it.  The 
men  chosen  by  the  Berlin  government  for 
that  disagreeable  task  were  Count  Brockclorff- 
Rantzau,  minister  of  foreign  affairs.  Dr.  Theo- 
dor  Melchoir.  Herr  Landsberg,  Heir  Leinert. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


691 


Heir  Giesberts  and  Herr  Schuecking.  These 
gentlemen  arrived  at  Versailles  April  29  and 
presented  their  credentials  to  officials  ap- 
pointed to  represent  the  peace  conference. 
This  ceremony  took  place  in  the  hall  of  the 
Trianon  palace  and  in  the  same  place  on  May 
7  the  treaty  was  formally  presented  to  the 
German  envoys.  All  the  leading  figures  in  the 
peace  conference,  including;  President  Wilson, 
were  present  on  this  occasion,  though  no  ad- 
dresses were  made  save  by  Premier  Clemenceau 
and  by  the  head  of  the  German  delegation.  M. 
Clemenceau,  as  chairman  of  the  peace  con- 
gress, in  addressing  the  enemy  plenipoten- 
tiaries said,  in  part: 

"You  have  before  you  the  accredited  plenipo- 
tentiaries of  all  the  small  and  great  powers 
united  to  figrht  together  in  the  war  that  has 
been  so  cruelly  imposed  upon  them.  The  time 
has  come  when  we  must  settle  our  account. 
You  have  asked  for  peace.  We  are  ready  to 
give  you  peace. 

"We  shall  present  you  now  a  book  which 
contains  our  conditions.  You  will  be  given 
every  facility  to  examine  these  conditions 
and  the  time  necessary  for  it.  Everything 
will  be  done  with  the  courtesy  that  is  th~- 
privilege  of  civilized  nations." 

M.  Clemenceau  added  that  no  oral  discus- 
sion was  to  take  place  and  that  any  observa- 
tions would  have  to  be  submitted  in  writing 
within  fifteen  days. 

Count  von  Brockdorff-Rantzau  remained 
seated  as  he  replied  in  German.  He  began 
by  saying: 

"Gentlemen:  We  are  deeply  impressed  v:ith 
the  sublime  task  which  has  brought  us  hither 
to  give  a  durable  peace  to  the  world.  We 
are  under  no  illusion  as  to  the  extent  of  our 
defeat  and  the  degree  of  our  want  of  power. 
We  know  that  the  power  of  the  German 
arms  is  'broken.  We  know  the  power  of  the 
hatred  which  we  encounter  here  and  we  have 
heard  the  passionate  demand  that  vanquishers 
make  us  pay  as  the  Vanquished  and  punish 
those  who  are  deserving  of  being  punished." 
The  count  went  on  to  deny  that  Germany 
was  alone  responsible  for  the  war.  He  com- 
mented on  what  he  called  the  cruelty  of  the 
allies  in  continuing  the  blockade  of  Germany 
after  the  armistice  and  pleaded  for  a  peace 
based  on  President  Wilson's  fourteen  points. 

With  the  reading  and  translating  of  these 
two  addresses  the  ceremony  ended. 

MODIFICATIONS  MADE  IN  TREATY. 
Germany,  as  wa*  expected,  raised  a  violent 
outcry  against  the  terms  of  the  treaty  and 
there  was  much  talk  of  rejecting  it.  There 
was  some  correspondence  between  the  German 
plenipotentiaries  and  the  sup.'eme  council  and 
the  former  were  given  an  extension  of  seven 
days,  or  until  May  29,  in  which  to  reply  in 
lull  to  the  peace  terms.  The  notes  related 
mainly  to  the  economic  terms  of  the  treaty, 
the  disposition  of  the  Saar  basin,  the  re- 
sponsibility for  the  war,  the  return  of  the 
German  colonies  and  similar  matters.  The 
council  remained  firm  and  rejected  the  Ger- 
man pleas  for  modifications.  Germany's  final 
reply  was  made  public  June  1  and  the  re- 
joinder of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  on 
June  16.  In  the  latter  communication  some 
concessions  were  made  and  changes  in  the 
treaty  were  proposed.  These  included: 

A    plebiscite    for    Upper    Silesia,    with    guar- 
anties   of    coal    from   that   territory. 
Frontier  rectifications  in   West   Prussia. 
Omission  of  the  third  zone  in  the  Schleswigr 
plebiscite. 

Temporary  increase  of  the  Germ  in  army 
from  100.000  to  200.000  men. 

Declaration  of  the  intention  to  submit  within. 
a  month  cvf  signature  a  list  of  those  accused 
of  violation  of  the  Jaws  and  customs  of  war. 


Offer  to  co-operate  with  a  German  commis- 
sion on  reparations  and  to  receive  sugges- 
tions for  discharging  the  obligation. 

Certain  detailed  modifications  in  the  finance, 
economic  and  ports  and  waterways  clauses,  in- 
cluding abolition  of  the  proposed  Kiel  canal 
commission. 

Assurance  of  membership  in  the  league  of 
nations  in  the  early  future,  if  Germany  ful- 
filled her  obligations. 

The  German  envoys  were  against  accepting: 
tae  treaty  even  as  revised  and  advised  the 
German  cabinet  to  reject  it.  The  people  of 
Germany,  however  were  tired  of  the  long  sus- 
pense and  demanded  that  the  treaty  be  signed. 
On  June  22.  after  some  changes  in  the  cabinet, 
the  national  assembly  at  Weimar  by  a  vote  of 
237  to  138  decided  to  sign  the  treaty  and  to 
do  so  unconditionally.  Herman  Mueller,  who 
had  succeeded  Count  von  Brockdorff-Rantzau 
as  foreign  minister.  Dr.  Johannes  Bell,  minister 
of  colonies  and  Heir  Leinert  were  selected  to 
go  to  Versailles  and  sign  the  treaty  of  peace. 
Mueller  and  Bell  arrived  at  Versailles  on  the 
evening  of  June  27  and  were  met  there  by 
Herr  Giesberts. 

QERMAN   PEACE  TREATY   SIGNED. 

The  German  peace  treaty  was  signed  on 
June  28.  1919.  This  historic  event,  termi- 
nating the  greatest  war  the  world  had  ever 
known,  took  place  in  the  Hall  of  Mirrors  in 
the  Chateau  Louis  XIV..  at  Versailles.  The 
signing  was  done  within  a  few  yards  of  the 
spot  in  the  same  hall  where  William  I  was 
crowned  emperor  of  Germany  on  Jan.  18, 
1871.  and  where  the  German  empire  was  pro- 
claimed. The  German  delegates,  Mueller  and 
Bell,  were  the  first  to  attach  their  signatures 
to  the  document.  Then  came  President  Wil- 
son and  the  other  American  delegrtes.  fol- 
lowed in  order  by  the  plenipotentiaries  of 
Great  Britain  and  its  colonies,  France.  Japan 
and  Italy  and  after  them  came  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  minor  powers  in  alphabetical 
order  with  Belgium  in  the  lead.  Th?  Chinese 
delegates  refused  to  sign  because  they  were 
not  permitted  to  make  certain  reservations. 
Gen.  Jan  Christian  Smuts  of  the  Union  ol 
South  Africa  signed  under  protest  on  the 
ground  that  the  stipulations  in  the  treaty  were 
too  severe. 

The  signing  began  at  3:10  p.  m.  and  end- 
ed at  3 :45  p.  m.  At  that  hour  cannon 
boomed  announcing  to  the  world  that  peace 
had  at  last  been  sealed  by  the  chief  bellig- 
erents in  the  war.  The  multitude  assembled 
outside  the  hall  where  the  signing  took  place 
cheered  loudly  as  President  Wilson.  Premier 
Clemenceau.  Premier  Lloyd  George  and  other 
well  known  figures  in  the  peace  conference 
emerged  to  take  their  departure.  The  news 
•of  the  signing  of  the  treaty  was  received  with 
ringing  of  bells  and  other  manifestations  of 
joy  in  London  and  in  other  great  cities  of 
the  entente  countries,  while  in  Berlin,  Vienna 
?nd  elsewhere  in  the  former  central  empires 
the  gloom  was  correspondingly  great. 

CHINA  AND  JAPAN. 

The  Chinese  delegates  who  refused  to  sign 
the  treaty  were  Lou  Tseng-tsi  ng,  minister 
for  foreign  affairs,  and  Chentin#  Thomas 
Wang,  formerly  minister  of  agriculture  and 
commerce.  They  protested  against  the  trans- 
fer of  the  German  rights  in  Shantung  to 
Japan  as  confirming  an  act  of  aggression,  but 
their  contention  was  overruled.  (See  Shan- 
tung section  of  treaty,  page  574,  this  volume.) 

While  the  Japanese  delegates  carried  the 
day  with  respect  to  Shantung,  their  efforts  to 
obtain  in  the  covenant  of  the  league  of  na- 
tions a  declaration  against  race  discrimination 
failed. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


DISPOSITION   OF   GERMAN   COLONIES. 

The  provisions  in  the  treaty  regarding-  Ger- 
many's former  overseas  possessions  will  be 
found  on  pagres  571-573  in  this  volume.  The 
following-  official  announcement  was  made  on 
May  7: 

"The  council  of  three,  M.  Clemenceau.  Presi- 
dent Wilson  and  Mr.  Lloyd  George,  yesterday 
decided  as  to  the  disposition  of  the  former 
German  colonies  as  follows: 

"Tqgoland  and  Kamerun — France  and  Great 
Britain  shall  make  a  joint  recommendation  to 
the  league  of  nations  as  to  their  future. 

"German  East  Africa— The  mandate  shall  be 
held  by  Great  Britain. 

"German  Southwest  Africa— The  mandate 
shall  be  held  by  the  Union  of  South  Africa 

"The  German  Samoan  islands— The  mandate 
shall  be  held  by  New  Zealand. 

"The  other  German  Pacific  possessions  south 
of  the  equator,  excluding1  the  German  Samo:  n 
islands  and  Nauru— The  mandate  shall  be  held 
by  Australia. 

"Nauru  (Pleasant  island)— The  mandate 
shall  be  given  to  the  British  empire. 

"The  German  Pacific  islands  north  of  the 
equator— The  mandate  shall  be  held  by  Japan." 

MANY   CLAIMS   URGED. 

In  connection  with  the  league  of  nations 
part  of  the  German  treaty  many  demands  were 
made  upon  the  peace  conference  by  various 
races  and  nationalities  who  urged  their  claims 
on  the  basis  of  the  right  of  self-determination, 
old  and  new  treaties  and  understandings  or  for 
other  reasons.  Some  of  these  were  in  connec- 
tion with  the  newly  created  nations  who  came 
into  conflict  with  each  other  over  claims  to 
coal  mines,  territorial  boxindaries.  port  facil- 
ities and  so  on.  The  disputes  over  the  Tes- 
chen  mines,  the  port  of  Danzig,  the  port  of 
Fiume  and  Silesian  territory  were  among  these. 
In  the  majority  of  cases  only  temporary  de- 
cisions were  arrived  at.  final  action  being  de- 
ferred until  such  a  time  as  the  league  of  na- 
tions might  act,  or  until  plebiscites  could  be 
taken. 

Disputes  also  arose  as  to  the  disposition  of 
territories  formerly  under  the  domination  of 
the  Turkish  empire  such  as  Syria,  Hedjaz. 
Armenia  and  Palestine,  but  no  conclusive  ac- 
tion waa  taken. 

Strong  efforts  were  made  to  obtain  recogni- 
tion for  the  republic  proclaimed  in  Inland  by 
the  Sinn  Fein  party,  but  these  failed  even 
though  urged  upon  the  American  peace  dele- 
gation by  influential  Irishmen  from  the  United 
States.  The  entente  countries  declined  to  be 
drawn  into  any  discussion  of  their  own  in- 
ternal affairs. 

THE   AUSTRIAN   TREATY. 

The  conclusion  of  a  treaty  of  peace  with 
Austria,  which  was  all  that  was  left  of  the 
eld  Hapsburg  empire,  attracted  little  attention 
compared  with  that  bestowed  upon  the  Ger- 
man treaty.  One  reason  was  that  the  two  doc- 
uments resembled  each  other  in  their  main 
features  and  another  was  that  most  of  the 
allies  were  inclined  to  think  that  Austria  had 
ceased  to  be  a  power  of  the  first  rank  and 
that  therefore  the  convention  with  her  was  of 
less  importance. 

On  May  6  it  was  announced  in  Vienna  that 
the  delegates  to  represent  German  Austria  in 
Paris  would  consist  of  Karl  Renner.  chancel- 
lor. Dr.  Franz  Klein,  Prof.  Heinrich  Lam- 
masch.  Prof.  von  Laun,  Undersecretary 
Flucke  and  Deputies  Steg-linger  and  Lodgman. 
The  delegation  arrived  in  St.  Germain,  near 
Paris,  May  14,  and  on  May  19  the  exchange 
of  credentials  took  place.  On  June  2  the 
first  section  'of  the  Austrian  treaty  was  laid 
before  the  delegates  of  that  country  in  the 
old  pastle  of  $t,  Germain,  The  ceremonies 


were  similar  to  those  that  had  taken  place 
at  Versailles.  Premier  Clemenceau  making 
an  address  to  which  Karl  Renner  replied 
The  second  section  was  presented  on  July  20 
without  ceremony  by  M.  Dutasta,  secretary- 
general  of  the  conference.  On  Sept?  6  the 
national  assembly  in  Vienna,  Austria  by  a 
vote  of  97  to  23  decided  to  sign  the  treat? 
affid  2?  ^ept,  10  Karl  ^nner  at  St.  Germain 
h^f  ^f  If-  81g:nature  to  the  document  on  be- 
twint  flhlS  country-  The  representatives  of 
twenty-five  powers  also  signed.  Frank  L.  Polk. 
?n  Hy>,  ^lte  AndrTGen-  T^ker  H.  Bliss  acted 
on  behalf  of  the  United  States.  (For  text  of 

"  the 


CHANGES  AMONG  DELEGATES. 
Numerous  changes  among  the  peace  dele- 
gates occurred  in  the  course  of  the  year  and 
especially  immediately  after  the  signing  of  the 
treaty  with  Germany.  President  Wilson  sailed 
for  America  June  29  and  was  followed  on  July 
14  by  Secretary  of  State  Lansing-,  whose  place 
was  taken  by  the  undersecretary  of  state. 
Frank  L.  Polk.  Owing  to  a  change  in  the 
ministry  m  Italy  the  old  delegates  of  that 
country  were  replaced  in  June  by  Former  For- 
eign Minister  Tittoni,  Senator  Guglielmi  Mar- 
com  and  Senator  Vittorio  Scialoia. 

WILSON   LAYS   TREATY    BEFORE    UNITED 

STATES    SENATE. 

On  July  10,  immediately  after  his  return 
from  Europe  President  Wilson  appeared  before 

£e*T£UHted,?tate8  8enate  and  in  laying-  before 
that  body  the  peace  treaty  with  Germany  said: 

"Gentlemen  of  the  Senate:  The  treaty  of 
peace  with  Germany  was  signed  at  Versailles 
on  June  28.  I  avail  myself  of  the  earliest 
opportunity  to  lay  the  treaty  before  you  for 
ratification  and  to  inform  you  with  regard  to 
the  work  of  the  conference  by  which  that 
treaty  was  formulated. 

"The  treaty  constitutes  nothing  less  than  a 
world  settlement.  It  would  not  be  possible 
for-  me  either  to  summarize  or  to  construe 
ita  manifold  provisions  in  an  address  which 
must  of  necessity  be  something  less  than  a 
treatise.  My  services  and  all  the  information 
I  possess  will  be  at  your  disposal  and  at  the 
disposal  of  your  committee  on  foreign  rela- 
tions at  any  time,  either  informally  or  in 
session,  as  you  may  prefer;  and  I  hope  that 
you  will  not  hesitate  to  make  use  of  them. 
I  shall  at  this  time,  prior  to  your  own  study 
of  the  document,  attempt  only  a  general 
characterization  of  its  scope  and  purpose. 

"In  one  sense,  no  doubt,  there  is  no  need 
that  I  should  report  to  you  what  was  at- 
tempted and  done  at  Paris.  You  have  been 
daily  cognizant  of  what  was  going  on  there  — 
of  the  problems  with  which  the  peace  con- 
ference had  to  deal  and  of  the  difficulty  of 
laying  down  straight  lines  of  settlement  any- 
where on  a  field  on  which  the  old  lines  of  in- 
ternational relationship,  and  the  new  alike, 
followed  so  intricate  a  pattern  and  were  for 
the  most  part  cut  so  deep  by  historical  cir- 
cumstances which  dominated  action  where  it 
would  have  been  best  to  ignore  or  reverse 
them. 

"The  cross  currents  of  politics  and  of  in- 
terest must  have  been  evident  to  you.  It  would 
be  presuming  in  me  to  attempt  to  explain  the 
questions  which  arose  or  the  many  diverse 
elements  that  entered  into  them.  I  shall  at- 
tempt something  less  ambitious  thnn  that  and 
more  clearly  suggested  by  my  duty  to  report 
to  the  congress  the  part  it  seemed  necessary 
for  my  colleagues  and  me  to  play  as  the  rep- 
resentatives of  the  government  of  the  United 
States. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


693 


"That  part  was  dictated  by  the  role  America 
has  played  in  the  war  and  by  the  expectations 
that  had  been  created  in  the  minds  of  the 
peoples  with  whom  we  had  associated  our- 
selves in  that  great  struggle. 

"The  United  States  entered  the  war  upon  a 
different  footing1  from  every  other  nation  ex> 
cept  our  associates  on  this  side  the  sea, 
We  entered  it.  not  because  our  material  in- 
terests were  directly  threatened  or  because  any 
special  treaty  obligations  to  which  .we  were 
parties  had  been  violated,  but  only  because  we 
saw  the  supremacy,  and  even  the  validity,  of 
right  everywhere  put  in  jeopardy  and  free 
irovernment  likely  to  be  everywhere  imperiled 
by  the  intolerable  aggression  of  a  power  which 
respected  neither  right  nor  obligation  and 
whose  very  system  of  government  flouted  the 
rights  of  the  citizens  as  against  the  autocratic 
authority  of  its  governors. 

"And  in  the  settlement  of  the  peace  we  have 
sought  no  special  reparation  for  ourselves,  but 
only  the  restoration  of  right  and  the  assur- 
ance of  liberty  everywhere  that  the  effects  of 
the  settlement  were  to  be  felt.  We  entered 
the  war  as  the  disinterested  champions  of 
right  and  we  interested  ourselves  in  the  terms 
of  the  peace  in  no  other  capacity. 

"The  hopes  of  the  nations  allied  against 
the  central  .powers  were  at  a  very  low  ebb 
when  our  soldiers  began  to  pour  across  the 
sea.  There  was  everywhere  amongst  them, 
except  in  their  stoutest  spirits,  a  somber  fore- 
boding of  disaster.  The  war  ended  in  Novem- 
ber eight  months  ago,  but  you  have  only  to 
recall  what  was  feared  in  midsummer  last, 
four  short  months  before  the  armistice,  to 
realize  what  it  was  that  our  timely  aid  ac- 
complished alike  for  their  morale  and  their 
Physical  safety. 

"That  first,  never-to-be-forgotten  action  at 
Chateau  Thierry  had  already  taken  place.  Our 
redoubtable  soldiers  and  marines  had  already 
closed  the  gap  the  enemy  had  succeeded  in 
opening  for  their  advance  upon  Paris — had  al- 
ready turned  the  tide  of  battle  back  toward 
the  frontiers  of  France  and  begun  the  rout 
that  was  to  save  Europe  and  the  world. 
Thereafter  the  Germans  were  to  be  always 
forced  back,  back,  were  never  to  thrust  suc- 
cessfully forward  again.  And  yet  there  was 
no  confident  hope. 

"Anxious  men  and  women,  leading  spirits 
of  France,  attended  the  celebration  of  the 
Fourth  of  July  last  year  in  Paris  out  of  gener- 
ous courtesy — with  no  heart  for  festivity,  little 
zest  of  hope.  But  they  came  away  with  some- 
thing new  at  their  hearts;  they  have  them- 
eelves  told  us  so. 

"The  mere  sight  of  our  men — of  their  vigor, 
of  the  confidence  that  showed  itself  in  every 
movement  of  their  stalwart  figures  and  every 
turn  of  their  swinging  march,  in  their  steady 
comprehending  eyes  and  easy  discipline,  in  the 
indomitable  air  that  added  spirit  to  everything 
they  did — made  every  one  who  saw  them  that 
memorable  day  realize  that  something  had 
happened  that  was  much  more  than  a  mere 
incident  in  the  fighting,  something  very  dif- 
ferent from  the  mere  arrival  of  fresh  troops. 

"A  great  moral  force  had  flung  itself  into 
the  struggle.  The  fine  physical  force  of  those 
spirited  men  spoke  of  something  more  than 
bodily  vigor. 

"They  carried  the  great  ideals  of  a  free  peo- 
ple at  their  hearts  and  with  that  vision  were 
unconquerable.  Their  very  presence  brought 
reassurance;  their  fighting  made  victory  cer- 
tain. 

"They  were  recognized  as  crusaders,  and  as 
their  thousands  swelled  to  millions  their 
strength  was  seen  to  mean  salvation.  And 
they  were  fit  men  to  carry  such  a  hope  and 
make  good  the  assurance  it  forecast.  Finer 


men  never  went  into  battle:  and  their  officers 
were  worthy  of  them. 

"This  is  not  the  occasion  upon  which  to 
utter  a  eulogy  of  the  armies  America  sent  ta 
France,  but  perhaps,  since  I  am  speaking  ol 
their  mission.  I  may  speak  also  of  the  pride 
I  shared  with  every  American  who  saw  or 
dealt  with  them  there.  They  were  the  sort 
of  men  America  would  wish  to  be  represented 
by.  the  sort  of  men  every  American  would 
wish  to  claim  as  fellow  countrymen  and  com- 
rades in  a  great  cause. 

"They  were  terrible  in  battle  and  gentle 
and  helpful  out  of  it,  remembering-  the 
mothers  and  the  sisters,  the  wives  and  the 
little  children  at  home.  They  were  free  men 
under  arms,  not  forgetting  their  ideals  of  duty 
in  the  midst  of  tasks  of  violence.  I  am  proud 
to  have  had  the  privilege  of  being  associated 
with  them  and  of  calling  myself  their  leader. 

"But  I  speak  now  of  what  they  meant  to 
the  men  by  whose  sides  they  fought  and  to 
the  people  with  whom  they  mingled  with  such 
utter  simplicity  as  friends  who  asked  only  to 
be  of  service.  They  were  for  all  the  visible 
embodiment  of  America.  What  they  did  made 
America  and  all  that  she  stood  for  a  living 
reality  in  the  thoughts  not  only  of  the  people 
of  France  but  also  of  tens  of  millions  of  men 
and  women  throughout  all  the  toiling  nations 
of  a  world  standing  everywhere  in  peril  of  its 
fre«dom  and  of  the  loss  of  everything  it  held 
dear,  in  deadly  fear  that  its  bonds  were  never 
to  be  loosed,  its  hopes  forever  to  be  mocked 
and  disappointed. 

"And  the  compulsion  of  what  they  stood 
for  was  upon  us  who  represented  America 
at  the  peace  table.  It  was  our  duty  to  see 
to  it  that  every  decision  we  took  part  in  con- 
tributed, so  far  as  we  were  able  to  influence 
it,  to  quiet  the  fears  and  realize  the  hopes  of 
the  peoples  who  had  been  living  in  that 
shadow,  the  nations  that  had  come  by  our 
assistance  to  their  freedom.  It  was  our  duty 
to  do  everything  that  it  was  within  our  power 
to  do  to  make  the  triumph  of  freedom  and  of 
right  a  lasting  triumph  in  the  assurance  of 
which  men  might  everywhere  live  without 
fear. 

"Old  entanglements  of  every  kind  stood  in 
the  way — promises  which  governments  had 
made  to  one  another  in  the  days  when  might 
and  right  were  confused  and  the  power  of 
the  victor  was  without  restraint.  Engage- 
ments which  contemplated  any  disppsitions  of 
territory,  any  extensions  of  sovereignty  that 
might  seem  to  be  to  the  interest  of  those  who 
had  the  power  to  insist  upon  them  had  been 
entered  into  without  thought  of  what  the 
peoples  concerned  might  wish  or  profit  by; 
and  these  could  not  always  be  honorably 
brushed  aside.  It  was  not  easy  to  graft  the 
new  order  of  ideas  on  the  old  and  some  of 
the  fruits  of  the  grafting  may,  I  fear,  for 
a  time  be  bitter. 

"But.  with  very  few  exceptions,  the  men 
who  sat  with  us  at  the  peace  table  desired  as 
sincerely  as  we  did  to  get  away  from  the  bad 
influences,  the  illegitimate  purposes,  the  de- 
moralizing ambitions,  the  international  coun- 
sels and  expedients  out  of  which  the  sinister 
designs  of  Germany  had  sprung  as  a  natural 
growth. 

"It  had  been  our  privilege  to  formulate  the 
principles  which  were  accepted  as  the  basis 
of  the  peace,  but  they  had  been  accomplished, 
not  because  we  had  come  in  to  hasten  and 
assure  the  victory  and  insisted  upon  them,  but 
because  they  were  readily  acceded  to  as  the 
principles  to  which  honorable  and  enlightened 
minds  everywhere  had  been  bred.  They  spoke 
the  conscience  of  the  world  as  well  as  the  con- 
science of  America,  and  I  am  happy  to  pay  my 
tribute  of  respect  and  gratitude  to  the  able, 
forward  looking  men  with  whom  it  was  my 


694 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


privilegre  to  co-operate  for  their  unfailing-  spirit 
of  co-operation,  their  constant  effort  to  accom- 
modate the  interests  they  represented  to  the 
principles  we  were  all  agreed  upon. 

"The  difficulties,  which  were  many,  lay  in 
the  circumstances,  not  often  in  the  men.  Al- 
most without  exception  the  men  who  led  had 
caught  the  true  and  full  vision  of  the  prob- 
lem of  peace  as  an  indivisible  whole,  a  prob- 
lem, not  of  mere  adjustments  of  interest,  but 
of  justice  and  right  action. 

"The  atmosphere  in  which  the  conference 
worked  seemed  created,  not  by  the  ambitions 
of  strong  governments  but  by  the  hopes  and 
aspirations  of  small  nations  and  of  peoples 
hitherto  under  bondage  to  the  power  that 
victory  had  shattered  and  destroyed.  Two 
great  empires  had  been  forced  into  political 
bankruptcy  and  we  were  the  receivers.  Our 
task  was  not  only  to  make  peace  with  the 
central  empires  but  to  remedy  the  wrongs 
their  armies  had  done.  The  central  empires 
had  lived  in  open  violation  of  many  of  the 
very  rights  for  which  the  war  had  been 
foug-ht.  dominating-  alien  peoples  over  whom 
they  had  no  natural  right  to  rule,  enforcing- 
not  obedience  but  veritable  bondage,  exploit- 
ing- those  who  were  weak  for  the  benefit  of 
those  who  were  masters  and  overlords  only 
by  force  of  arms. 

"There  could  be  no  peace  until  the  whole 
order  of  central  Europe  was  set  right.  That 
meant  that  new  nations  were  to  be  created — 
Poland,  Czecho-Slovakia,  Hungary  itself.  No 
part  of  ancient  Poland  had  ever  in  any  true 
sense  become  a  part  of  Germany  or  of  Aus- 
tria or  of  Russia.  Bohemia  was  alien  in 
every  thought  and  hope  to  the  monarchy  of 
which  she  had  so  long  been  an  artificial  part; 
and  the  uneasy  partnership  between  Austria 
and  Hungary  had  been  one  rather  of  interest 
than  of  kinship  or  sympathy. 

"The  Slavs  whom  Austria  had  chosen  to 
force  into  her  empire  on  the  south  were  kept 
to  their  obedience  by  nothing  but  fear.  Their 
hearts  were  with  their  kinsmen  in  the  Balkans. 

"These  were  all  arrangements  of  power,  not 
arrangements  of  natural  union  or  association. 
It  was  the  imperative  task  of  those  who 
would  make  peace  and  make  it  intelligently 
to  establish  a  new  order  which  would  rest 
upon  the  free  choice  of  peoples  rather  than 
upon  the  arbitrary  authority  of  Hapsburgs  or 
Hohenzollerns. 

"More  than  that,  great  populations  bound 
by  sympathy  and  actual  kin  to  Roumania  were 
also  linked  against  their  will  to  the  conglom- 
erate Austro-Hungrarian  monarchy  or  to  other 
alien  sovereignties,  and  it  was  part  of  the 
task  of  peace  to  make  a  new  Roumania  as 
well  as  a  new  Slavic  state  clustering  about 
Serbia. 

"And  no  natural  frontiers  could  be  found  to 
these  new  fields  of  adjustment  and  redemp- 
tion. It  was  necessary  to  look  constantly  for- 
ward to  other  related  tasks.  The  German  col- 
onies were  to  be  disposed  of.  They  had  not 
been  governed;  they  had  been  exploited,  mere- 
ly, without  thought  of  the  interest  or  even 
the  ordinary  human  rights  of  their  inhab- 
itants. 

"The  Turkish  empire,  moreover,  had  fallen 
apart,  as  the  Austro-Hungarian  had.  It  had 
never  had  any  real  unity.  It  had  been  held 
together  only  by  pitiless,  inhuman  force.  Its 
peoples  cried  aloud  for  release,  for  succor 
from  unspeakable  distress,  for  all  that  the 
new  day  of  hope  seemed  at  last  to  bring- 
within  its  dawn.  Peonies  hitherto  in  utter 
darkness  were  to  be  led  out  into  the  same 
light  and  given  at  last  a  helping-  hand.  Unde- 
veloped peoples  and  peoples  ready  for  recogni- 
tion, but  not  yet  ready  to  assume  the  full 
responsibilities  of  statehood,  were  to  he  griven 
adequate  guaranties  of  friendly  protection, 
guidance  and  assistance. 


"And  out  of  the  execution  of  these  great 
enterprises  of  liberty  sprang  opportunities  to 
attempt  what  statesmen  had  never  found  the 
way  before  to  do;  an  opportunity  to  throw 
safeguards  about  the  rights  of  racial,  national 
and  religious  minorities  by  solemn  interna- 
tional covenant:  an  opportunity  to  limit  and 
regulate  military  establishments  where  they 
were  most  likely  to  be  mischievous:  an  oppor- 
tunity to  effect  a  complete  and  systematic  in- 
ternationalization of  waterways  and  railwavs 
which  were  necessary  to  the  free  economic 
life  of  more  than  one  nation  and  to  clear 
many  of  the  normal  channels  of  commerce  of 
unfair  obstructions  of  law  or  of  privilege 
and  the  very  welcome  opportunity  to  secure 
for  labor  the  concerted  protection  of  definite 
international  pledges  of  principle  and  practice 
These  were  not  tasks  which  the  conference 
looked  about  to  find  and  went  out  of  its  way 
to  perform.  They  were  inseparable  from  the 
settlements  of  peace.  They  were  thrust  upon 
it  by  circumstances  which  could  not  be  over- 
looked. The  war  had  created  them.  In  all 
quarters  of  the  world  old  established  relation- 
ships had  been  disturbed  or  broken  and  af- 
fairs were  at  loose  ends,  needing  to  be  mend- 
ed or  united  again,  but  could  not  be  made 
what  they  were  before.  They  had  to  be  set 
rig-ht  by  applying-  some  uniform  principle  of 
justice  or  enlightened  expediency.  And  they 
could  not  be  adjusted  by  merely  prescribing 
in  a  treaty  what  should  be  done 

"New  states  were  to  be  set  up  which  could 
not  hope  to  live  through  their  first  period  of 
weakness  without  assured  support  by  the  great 
nations  that  had  consented  to  their  creation 
and  won  for  them  their  independence  HI 
groverned  colonies  could  not  be  put  in  the 
hands  of  governments  which  were  to  act  as 
trustees  for  their  people,  and  not  as  their 
masters,  if  there  was  to  be  no  common  au- 
thority among  the  nations  to  which  they  were 
to  be  responsible  in  the  execution  of  their 

"Future  international  conventions  with  re- 
g-ard  to  the  control  of  waterways,  with  regard 
to  illicit  traffic  of  many  kinds,  in  arms  or  in 
deadly  drugs,  or  with  regard  to  the  adjustment 
of  many  varying-  international  administrative 
arrangements,  could  not  be  assured  if  the 
treaty  were  to  provide  no  permanent  common 
international  agency,  if  its  execution  in  such 
matters  was  to  be  left  to  the  slow  and  uncer- 
tain processes  of  co-operation  by  ordinary 
methods  of  negotiation. 

"If  the  peace  conference  itself  was  to  be 
the  end  of  co-operative  authority  and  common 
counsel  among-  the  governments  to  which  the 
world  was  looking-  to  enforce  justice  and  give 

B ledges  of  an  enduring-  settlement,  regions  like 
tie  Saar  basin  could  not  be  put  under  a  tem- 
porary administrative  regime  which  did  not 
invp've  a  transfer  of  political  sovereignty  and 
which  contemplated  a  final  determination  of 
its  political  connections  by  popular  vote  to  be 
taken  at  a  distant  date:  no  free  city  like  Dan- 
zig- cpuld  be  created  which  was  under  elabo- 
rate internatipnal  guaranties  to  accept  excepv 
tional  obligations  with  regard  to  the  use  of< 
its  port  and  exceptional  relations  with  a  state 
of  which  it  was  not  to  form  a  part;  properly 
safeguarded  plebiscites  could  not  be  provided 
for  where  populations  were  at  some  future 
date  to  make  choice  what  sovereignty  they 
would  live  under;  no  certain  and  uniform 
method  of  arbitration  could  be  secured  for 
the  settlement  of  anticipated  difficulties  of 
final  decision,  with  regard  to  many  matters 
dealt  with  in  the  treaty  itself:  the  long  con- 
tinned  supervision  of  the  task  of  reparation 
which  Germany  was  to  undertake  to  complete 
within  the  next  g-eneration  mig-ht  entirely 
break  down;  the  reconsideration  and  revision 
of  administrative  arrangements  and  restric- 
tions which  the  treaty  prescribed,  but  which 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


695 


it  was  recognized  might  not  prove  of  lasting 
advantage  or  entirely  fair  if  too  long-  enforced, 
would  be  impracticable. 

"The  promises  governments  were  making  to 
one  another  about  the  way  in  which  labor 
was  to  be  dealt  with,  by  law  not  only  but  in 
fact  as  well,  would  remain  a  mere  humane 
thesis,  if  there  was  to  be  no  common  tribunal 
of  opinion  and  judgment  to  which  liberal 
statesmen  could  resort  for  the  influences  which 
alone  might  secure  their  redemption. 

"A  league  of  free  nations  had  become  a 
practical  necessity.  Examine  the  treaty  of 
peace,  and  you  will  find  that  everywhere 
throughout  its  manifold  provisions  its  fram- 
ers  have  felt  obliged  to  turn  to  the  league  of 
nations  as  an  indispensable  instrumentality 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  new  order  it  has 
been  their  purpose  to  set  up  in  the  world, 
the  world  of  civilized  men. 

"That  there  should  be  a  league  of  nations 
to  steady  the  counsels  and  maintain  the  peace- 
ful understandings  of  the  world  to.  make 
not  treaties  alone  but  the  accepted  principles 
of  international  law  as  well  the  actual  rule 
of  conduct  among  the  governments  of  the 
world,  had  been  one  of  the  agreements  ac- 
cepted from  the  first  as  the  basis  of  peace 
with  the  central  powers. 

1  "The  statesmen  of  all  the  belligerent  coun- 
tries were  agreed  that  such  a  league  must  be 
created  to  sustain  the  settlements  that  were 
to  be  effected.  But  at  first  I  think  there  was 
a  feeling  among  some  of  them  that,  while  it 
must  be  attempted,  the  formation  of  such  a 
league  was  perhaps  a  counsel  of  perfection 
which  practical  men,  long  experienced  in  the 
•world  of  affairs,  must  agree  to  very  cautiously 
and  with  many  misgivings. 

"It  was  only  as  the  difficult  work  of  ar- 
ranging an  all  but  universal  adjustment  of 
the  world's  affairs  advanced  from  day  to  day, 
from  one  stage  of  conference  to  another,  that 
it  became  evident  to  them  that  what  they 
were  seeking  would  be  little  more  than  some- 
thing written  upon,  paper,  to  be  interpreted 
and  applied  by  sucfi  methods  as  the  chances 
of  politics  might  make  available,  if  they  did 
rot  provide  a  means  of  common  counsel  which 
all  were  obliged  to  accept,  a  common  authori- 
ty whose  decisions  would  be  recognized  as 
decisions  which  all  must  respect. 

"And  so  the  most  practical,  the  most  skep- 
tical among  them  turned  more  and  more  to  the 
league  as  the  authority  through  which  inter- 
national action  was  to  be  secured,  the  author- 
ity without  which,  as  they  had  come  to  see 
it,  it  would  be  difficult  to  give  assured  effect 
either  to  this  treaty  or  to  any  other  interna- 
tional understanding  upon  which  they  were'  to 
denend  for  the  maintenance  of  peace. 

"The  fact  that  the  covenant  of  the  league 
was  the  first  subslantive  part  of  the  treaty  to 
be  worked  out  and  agreed  upon,  while  all 
else  was  in  solution,  helped  to  make  the  form- 
ulation of  the  rest  easier. 

"The  conf-rence  was,  after  all,  not  to  be 
ephemeral.  The  concert  of  nations  was  to  con- 
tinue, under  a  definite  covenant  which  had 
been  agreed  upon  and  which  all  were  con- 
vinced was  workable.  They  could  go  forward 
with  confidence  to  make  arrangements  in- 
tended to  be  permanent. 

"The  most  practical  of  the  conferees  we^-e 
at  last  the  most  ready  to  refer  to  the  league 
of  rations  the  sunerintendence  of  all  interes  s 
which  did  not  admit  of  immediate  determina- 
tion, of  all  administrative  problems  which 
were  to  require  a  continuing  oversight.  What 
had  seemed  a  counsel  of  perfection  had  come 
to  seem  a  plain  counsel  of  necessity.  The 
league  of  nations  was  the  practical  states- 
man's hope  of  success  in  many  of  the  most 
difHmlt  things  he  was  attempting. 

"And  it  had  validated  itself  in  the  thought 
of  every  member  of  the  conference  as  some- 


thing much  bigger,  much  greater  in  every 
way  than  a  mere  instrument  for  carrying  out 
the  provisions  of  a  particular  treaty.  It  was 
universally  recognized  that  all  the  peoples  of 
the  world  demanded  of  the  conference  that  it 
should  create  such  a  continuing  concert  of 
free  nations  as  would  make  wars  of  aggres- 
s'on  and  spoliation  such  as  this  that  has  just 
ended  forever  impossible. 

"A  cry  had  gone  out  from  every  home  in 
"very  stricken  land  from  which  sons  and 
brothers  and  fathers  had  gone  forth  to  the 
great  sacrifice  that  such  a  sacrifice  should 
never  again  be  exacted.  It  was  manifest  why 
it  had  been  exacted.  It  had  been  exacted  be- 
cause one  nation  desired  dominion  and  other 
-.ations  had  known  no  means  of  defense  ex- 
cept armaments  and  alliances.  War  had  lain 
"t  the  heart  of  every  arrangement  of  the 
Europe — of  every  arrangement  of  the  world— 
I  that  preceded  the  war. 

"Restive  peoples  had  been  told  that  fleets  and 
armies,  which  they  toiled  to  sustain,  meant 
peace;  and  they  now  knew  that  they  had  been 
lied  to;  that  fleets  and  armies  had  been  main- 
tained to  promote  national  ambitions  and 
meant  war.  They  knew  that  no  old  policy 
meant  anything  else  but  force,  force — always 
force.  And  they  knew  that  it  was  intolerable. 

"Every  true  heart  in  the  world  and  every 
enlightened  judgment  demanded  that,  at  what- 
ever cost  of  independent  action,  every  govern- 
ment that  took  thought  for  its  people  or  for 
justice  or  for  ordered  freedom  should  lend1 
itself  to  a  new  purpose  and  utterljf  destroy 
the  old  order  of  international  politics.  States- 
men might  see  difficulties,  but  the  people 
could  see  none  and  could  brook  no  denial. 

"A  war  in  which  they  had  been  bled  white 
to  beat  the  terror  that  lay  concealed  in  every 
balance  of  power  must  not  end  in  a  mere  vic- 
ory  of  arms  and  a  new  balance.  The  monster 
that  had  resorted  to  arms  must  be  put  in 
chains  that  could  not  be  broken.  The  united 
power  of  free  nations  must  put  a  stop  to  ag- 
gression and  the  world  must  be  given  peace. 

"If  there  was  not  the  will  or  the  intelli- 
gence to  accomplish  that  now  there  must  be 
another  and  a  final  war  and  the  world  must 
be  swept  clean  of  every  power  that  could  re- 
new the  terror. 

"The  league  of  nations  wag  not  merely  an 
instrument  to  adjust  and  remedy  old  wrongs 
under  a  new  treaty  of  peace;  it  was  the  only 
hope  for  mankind.  Again  and  again  had  the 
demon  of  war  been  cast  out  of  the  house  of 
ihe  peoples,  and  the  house  swept  clean  by  a 
treaty  of  peace;  only  to  prepare  a  time  when 
he  would  enter  in  again  with  spirits  worse 
than  himself.  The  house  must  now  be  given 
a  tenant  who  could  hold  it  against  all  such. 

"Convenient,  indeed  indispensable,  as  states- 
men found  the  newly  planned  league  of  na- 
tions to  be  for  the  execution  of  present  plans 
of  peace  and  reparation,  they  saw  it  in  a  new 
aspect  before  their  work  was  finished.  They 
saw  it  as  the  mrin  object  of  the  peace,  as 
the  only  thing  that  could  complete  it  or  make 
it  worth  while.  They  saw  it  as  the  hope  of 
the  world,  and  that  hope  they  did  not  dare  to 
disappoint.  Shall  we  or  any  other  free  people 
hesitate  to  accept  this  great  duty?  Dare  we 
reject  it  and  break  the  heart  of  the  world? 

"And  so  the  result  of  the  conference  of 
peace,  so  far  as  Germany  is  concerned,  stands 
complete.  The  difficulties  encountered  were 
very  many. 

"Sometimes  they  seemed  insuperable.  It  was 
impossible  to  accommodate  the  interests  of  so 
grert  a  body  of  nations — interests  which  di- 
rectly or  indirectly  affected  almost  every  na- 
tion in  the  world — without  many  minor  com- 
promises. 

"The  treaty,  as  a  result,  is  not  exactly  what 
we  would  have  written.  It  is  probably  not 
what  any  one  of  the  national  delegations  would 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


have    written.      But   results    were    worked    out 
which  on  the  whole  bear  test. 

"I  think  that  it  will  be  found  that  the  com- 
promises which  were  accepted  as  inevitable 
nowhere  cut  to  the  heart  of  any  principle. 
The  work  of  the  conference  squares,  as  a 
whole,  with  the  principles  agreed  upon  as  the 
basis  of  the  peace  as  well  as  with  the  practi- 
cal possibilities  of  the  international  situations 
which  had  to  be  faced  and  dealt  with  as  facts. 

"I  shall  presently  have  occasion  to  lay  before 
you  a  special  treaty  with  France,  whose  object 
is  the  temporary  protection  of  France  from 
unprovoked  aggression  by  the  power  with 
whom  this  treaty  of  peace  has  been  negotiated. 
Its  terms  link  it  with  this  treaty.  I  take  the 
liberty,  however,  of  reserving-  it  for  special 
explication  on  another  occasion. 

"The  role  which  America  was  to  play  in  the 
conference  seemed  determined,  as  I  have  said, 
before  my  colleagues  and  I  got  to  Paris— de- 
termined by  the  universal  expectations  of  the 
nations  whose  representatives,  drawn  from  all 
quarters  of  the  globe,  we  were  to  deal  with 

"It  was  universally  recognized  that  America 
had  entered  the  war  to  promote  no  private  or 
peculiar  interest  of  her  own.  but  only  as  the 
champion  of  rights  which  she  was  glad  to 
•hare  with  free  men  and  lovers  of  justice 
everywhere. 

"We  had  formulated  the  principles  upon 
which  the  settlement  was  to  be  made— the 
principles  upon  which  the  armistice  had  been 
agreed  to  and  the  parleys  of  peace  under- 
taken—and no  one  doubted  that  our  desire  w 
to  see  the  treaty  of  peace  formulated  along 
the  actual  lines  of  those  principles— and  de- 
sired nothing  else. 

"We  were  welcomed  as  disinterested  friends. 
We  were  resorted  to  as  arbiters  in  many  a 
difficult  matter.  It  was  recognized  that  our 
material  aid  would  be  indispensable  in  the  days 
to  come,  when  industry  and  credit  would  have 
to  be  brought  back  to  their  normal  operation 
and  communities  beaten  to  the  ground  assisted 
to  their  feet  once  more,  and  it  was  taken  for 
granted,  I  am  proud  to  say,  that  we  would 
play  the  helpful  friend  in  these  things  as  in 
all  others  without  prejudice  or  favor.  We 
were  generously  accepted  as  the  unaffected 
champions  of  what  was  right. 

"It  was  a  very  responsible  role  to  play,  but 
I  am  happy  to  report  that  the  fine  group  of 
Americans  who  helped  with  their  expert  ad- 
vice in  each  part  of  the  varied  settlements 
sought  in  every  transaction  to  justify  the 
high  confidence  reposed  in  them. 

"And  that  confidence,  it  seems  to  me.  is  the 
measure  of  our  opportunity  and  of  our  duty 
in  the  days  to  •  come,  in  which  the  new  hope 
of  the  peoples  of  the  world  is  to  be  fulfilled 
or  disappointed.  The  fact  that  America  is  the 
friend  of  the  nations,  whether  they  be  rivals 
or  associates,  is  no  new  fact.  It  is  only  the 
discovery  of  it  by  the  rest  of  the  world  that 
is  new. 

"America  may  be  said  to  have  just  reached 
her  majority  as  a  world  power.  It  was  almost 
exactly  twenty-one  years  ago  that  the  results 
of  the  war  with  Spain  put  us  unexpectedly  in 
possession  of  rich  islands  on  the  other  side  of 
the  world  and  brought  us  into  association  with 
other  governments  in  the  control  of  the  West 
Indies. 

"It  was  regarded  as  a  sinister  and  ominous 
thing  by  the  statesmen  of  more  than  one  Eu- 
ropean chancellery  that  we  should  have  ex- 
tended our  power  beyond  the  confines  of  our 
continental  dominions.  They  were  accustomed 
to  think  of  new  neighbors  as  a  new  menace, 
of  rivals  as  watchful  enemies.  There  were 
persons  amongst  us  at  home  who  looked  with 
deep  disapproval  and  avowed  anxiety  on  such 
extensions  of  our  national  authority  over  dis- 
tant islands  and  over  peoples  whom  they 


feared  we  might  exploit,  not  serve  and  assist. 

"We  have  been  their  friends  and  have 
sought  to  serve  them.  And  our  dominion  has 
been  a  menace  to  no  other  nation.  We  re- 
deemed our  honor  to  the  utmost  in  our  deal- 
ings with  Cuba.  She  is  weak  but  absolutely 
free;  and  it  is  her  trust  in  us  that  makes  her 
free.  Weak  peoples  everywhere  stand  ready 
to  give  us  any  authority  among  them  that 
will  assure  them  a  like  friendly  oversight  and 
direction.  They  know  that  there  is  no  ground 
for  fear  in  receiving  us  as  their  mentors  and 
guides.  Our  isolation  was  ended  twenty  years 
ago:  and  now  fear  of  us  is  ended  also,  our 
counsel  and  association  sought  after  and  desired. 

"There  can  be  no  question  of  our  ceasing 
to  be  a  world  power.  The  only  question  is 
whether  we  can  refuse  the  moral  leadership 
that  is  offered  us.  whether  we  shall  accept  or 
reject  the  confidence  of  the  world.  The  war 
and  the  conference  of  peace  now  sitting  in 
Paris  seem  to  me  to  have  answered  that  ques- 
tion. Our  participation  in  the  war  established 
our  position  among  the  nations  and  nothing 
but  our  own  mistaken  action  can  alter  it. 

"It  was  not  an  accident  or  a  matter  of  eud- 
den  choice  that  we  are  no  longer  isolated  and 
devoted  to  a  policy  which  has  only  our  own 
interest  and  advantage  for  its  object.  It  was 
our  duty  to  go  in  if  we  were,  indeed,  the 
champions  of  liberty  and  of  right.  We 
answered  to  the  call  of  duty  in  a  way  BO 
spirited,  so  utterly  without  thought  of  what 
we  spent  of  blood  or  treasure,  so  effective,  so 
worthy  of  the  admiration  of  true  men  every- 
where, so  wrought  out  of  the  stuff  of  all  that 
was  heroic,  that  the  whole  world  saw  at  last 
in  the  flesh,  in  noble  action,  a  great  ideal 
asserted  and  vindicated,  by  a  nation  they  had 
deemed  material  and  now  found  to  be  compact 
of  the  spiritual  forces  that  must  free  men  of 
every  nation  from  every  unworthy  bondage. 

"It  is  thus  that  a  new  role  and  a  new  re- 
sponsibility have  come  to  this  great  nation 
that  we  honor  and  which  we  would  all  wish 
to  lift  to  yet  higher  levels  of  service  and 
achievement.  The  stage  is  set.  the  destiny  dis- 
closed. It  has  come  about  by  no  plan  of  our 
conceiving,  but  by  the  hand  of  God.  who  led 
us  into  this  way. 

"We  cannot  turn  back.  We  can  only  sro  for- 
ward, with  lifted  eyes  and  freshened  spirit, 
to  follow  the  vision.  It  was  of  this  that  we 
dreamed  at  our  birth.  America  shall  in  truth 
show  the  way.  The  light  streams  upon  the 
path  ahead,  and  nowhere  else." 

The  treaty  was  referred  to  the  senate  com- 
mittee on  foreign  relations  July  10  and  there 
it  remained  under  consideration  until  Sept. 
10.  when  it  was  finally  reported  to  the  senate 
with  thirty-eight  amendments  and  four  res- 
ervations. The  long  delay  in  formulating-  the 
report  occasioned  much  criticism,  the  main 
point  of  which  was  that  it  contributed  ma- 
terially to  the  general  unrest  in  the  country. 

ELIHU  ROOT'S  RESERVATIONS. 
Opposition  to  the  league  of  nations  had  de- 
veloped even  before  the  senate  committee 
began  its  deliberations  and  various  sugges- 
tions for  its  improvement  were  made.  The 
most  notable  of  these  came  from  Elihu  Root, 
former  United  States  senator,  who  on  June  21 
in  a  letter  to  Senator  Henry  Cabot  Lodge  of 
Massachusetts,  republican  leader  of  the  sen- 
ate and  chairman  of  the  committee  on  for- 
eigrn  relations,  proposed  the  following-  reser-  i 
vations: 

1.  Elimination   of   article    10   in    so   far   as 
it     affects    the    United     States.       This     article 
guarantees     the     members    of    the    league    to 
maintain    the    territorial    integrity    and    politi-  ,- 
cal    independence    of    all    the    nations    of    the  < 
world   admitted   to   the  covenant. 

2.  Absolute    and    unqualified    right    of    the 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


697 


United    States    to    withdraw    from    the    leagrue 
on   two  years'    notice. 

3  Clear  and  unmistakable  protection  of 
the'  Monroe  doctrine  and  the  sovereignty  of 
the  United  States  over  purely  American  ques- 
tions. 

In  his  letter  Mr.  Root,  while  insisting-  that 
America  could  be  of  infinitely  more  value 
to  the  peace  of  the  world  by  keeping-  out  of 
all  the  petty  and  selfish  quarrels  that  arise 
than  she  could  by  binding-  herself  to  take  part 
in  them,  admitted  that  there  was  in  the  cove- 
nant a  great  deal  of  very  high  value  which 
the  world  ougrht  not  to  lose.  "The  arrange- 
ments," he  wrote,  "to  make  conferences  of 
the  powers  automatic  when  there  is  danger 
of  war:  provisions  for  joint  action  as  of 
course  by  representatives  of  the  nations  con- 
cerned in  matters  affecting-  common  interests; 
the  agreement  for  delay  in  case  of  serious 
disputes,  with  opportunity  to  bring  the  public 
opinion  of  the  world  to  bear  on  the  dispu- 
tants and  to  induce  cool  and  deliberate  judg- 
ment; the  recognition  of  racial  and  popular 
rights  to  the  freedom  of  local  self -government , 
and  the  plan,  indispensable  in  some  form, 
for  setting  up  governments  in  the  vast  re- 
gions  deSrivSiP  by  the  war  of  the  autocratic 
rule  which  had  maintained  order— all  these 
ought  not  to  be  lost  if  that  can  possibly 
be  avoided," 

THE   TAFT   INTERPRETATIONS. 

Other  important  suggestions  were  made 
after  the  peace  treaty  had  been  placed  before 
the  senate.  In  correspondence  with  Will  t 
Hays  chairman  of  the  republican  national 
committee,  William  Howard  Taft,  former  presi- 
of  the  United  States,  offered  on  July  ,20  what 
he  called  "interpretations"  of  the  .league  of 
nations  covenant.  These  were  six  in  number 
and  in  effect  were  as  follows; 

1  That    upon  two  years'    notice   the   United 
States  should  have  the  right  to  withdraw  from 
the  league  without   having   to  prove   that  she 
had   fulfilled   her   obligations   under   the   cove- 
nant. 

2  That    colonies    and    dependencies    cannot 
be  'represented    upon    the   league    council    with 
the  mother  government   or  be  included  in  the 
clauses   where   the   parties    to   the   dispute    are 
excluded   from   its  settlement. 

3  That  the   operation  of  the  council  under 
article    10    shall    be    advisory    only    and    that 
each  member  shall  be  left  free  to  settle  ques- 
tions of  war,  the  decision  in  the  United  States 
resting   with   congress. 

4  That     matters    relating    to    immigration 
the'  tariff  and  similar  domestic  questions  shall 
be  excluded  from   settlement  by  the  league. 

5  That    the   Monroe    doctrine    is    to    be    ad- 
ministered solely  by  the  United  States. 

6  That  the  United  States  reserves  the  right 
to  'withdraw    from    the   league    unconditionally 
at  the   end   of   ten   years   or   to   terminate   the 
obligations    under    article    10. 

Mr  Taft  in  his  letters  to  Mr.  Hays  said 
that 'he  was  strongly  in  favor  of  ratifying 
the  treaty  as  it  stood,  but  that  it  seemed  nec- 
essary to  make  some  reservations  or  inter- 
pretations in  order  to  secure  the  required  two- 
thirds  vote  for  the  ratification  of  the  pact. 
MR.  HUGHES'  SUGGESTIONS. 

In  response  to  a  request  from  Senator  Fred- 
erick Hale  of  Maine.  Charles  Evans  Hughes, 
former  member  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
court  suggested,  in  a  letter  dated  July  24 
the  following  reservations: 

"1  That  whenever  two  years'  notice  of 
withdrawal  from  the  league  of  nations  shall 
have  been  given,  as  provided  in  article  1  of 
the  covenant,  the  power  giving  the  notice  shall 


cease  to  be  a  member  of  the  league,  or  sub- 
ject to  the  obligations  of  the  covenant  of  the 
league,  at  the  time  specified  in  the  notice, 
notwithstanding  any  claim,  charge  or  finding- 
of  the  nonfulfillment  of  any  international  obli- 
gation or  of  any  obligation  under  said  cove- 
nant; provided,  however,  that  such  withdrawal 
shall  not  release  the  power  from  any  debt 
or  liability  theretofore  incurred. 

"2.  That  questions  relating  to  immigration, 
or  the  imposition  of  duties  on  imports  where 
such  questions  do  not  arise  out  of  any  inter- 
national engagement,  are  questions  of  domes- 
tic policy,  and  these  and  any  other  questions 
which  according  to  international  law  are 
solely  within  domestic  jurisdiction  are  not 
to  be  submitted  for  the  consideration  or  ac- 
tion of  the  league  of  nations  or  any  of  its 
agencies. 

"3.  That  the  meaning-  of  article  21  of 
the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations  is  that 
the  United  States  of  America  does  not  relin- 
quish its  traditional  attitude  toward  purely 
American  questions,  and  is  not  required  by 
said  covenant  to  submit  its  policies  regarding 
questions  which  it  deems  to  be  purely  Amer- 
ican questions  to  the  league  of  nations  or  any 
of  its  agencies,  and  that  the  United  States 
of  America-  may  oppose  and  prevent  any  ac- 
quisition by  any  non-American  power  by  con- 
quest, purchase  or  in  any  other  manner  of 
any  territory,  possession  or  control  in  the 
western  hemisphere. 

"4.  That  the  meaning  of  article  10  of  the 
covenant  of  the  league  of  nations  is  that  the 
members  of  the  league  are  not  under  any  obli- 
gation to  act  in  pursuance  of  said  article 
except  as  they  may  decide  to  act  upon  the 
advice  of  the  council  of  the  league.  The 
United  States  of  America  assumes  no  obli- 
gation under  said  article  to  undertake  any 
military  expedition  or  to  employ  its  armed 
forces  on  land  or  sea,  unless  such  action  is 
authorized  by  the  congress  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  which  has  exclusive  au- 
thority to  declare  war,  or  determine  for  the 
United  States  of  America  whether  there  ia  any 
obligation  on  its  part  under  said  article  and 
the  means  or  action  by  which  any  such  obli- 
gation shall  be  fulfilled. 

"I  agree  with  Mr.  Root  that  it  would  be 
desirable  to  eliminate  article  10  with  its 
guaranty  to  'preserve  against  external  aggres- 
sion the  territorial  integrity'  of  all  members 
of  the  league.  I  still  think  that  article  10 
is  a  trouble  breeder  and  not  a  peacemaker." 
PRESIDENT  QUESTIONED  BY  SENATORS. 
The  senate  committee  on  foreign  relations 
called  many  witnesses  before  it  to  testify  as 
to  how  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany  was 
framed  and  as  to  the  reasons  for  the  various 
conclusions  reached,  and  to  give  their  inter- 
pretations of  various  parts  of  the  league  of 
nations  covenant.  Little  attention,  in  fact, 
was  paid  to  anything  outside  the  clauses  re- 
lating to  the  league.  The  hearings  occupied 
weeks  and  the  testimony  taken  would  fill 
volumes.  The  most  distinguished  witness  was 
President  Wilson,  who  was  examined  by  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  for  three  hours  and  a 
half  at  the  white  house  on  Aug.  19.  The 
opinions  he  expressed  then  were  the  same  as 
those  which  he  had  made  known  in  various 
addresses  delivered  after  his  return  from 
France  and  which  he  reiterated  on  many  oc- 
casions in  the  course  of  a  lengthy  tour 
through  the  United  States  in  an  effort  to 
enlighten  public  opinion  and  to  combat  the 
arguments  mate  in  and  out  of  the  senate  by 
the  opponents  of  the  treaty.  He  had  become 
convinced  that  unless  he  went  directly  to 
the  people  his  work  in  France  would  go  for 
nothing. 


698 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


WILSON   TOUR   IN   DEFENSE  OF   TREATY. 

For  the  purpose  of  explaining  and  defend- 
ing the  features  of  the  German  peace  treaty 
and  especially  the  covenant  of  the  league  of 
nations,  which  had  met  with  opposition  in  the 
United  States  senate  and  elsewhere.  President 
Wilson  undertook  a  speech  making1  tour  in 
September.  1919.  which  took  him  to  many  of 
the  principal  cities  in  the  central  and  western 
states.  He  traveled  by  special  train  and  was 
accompanied  by  Mrs.  Wilson,  Rear-Admiral 
Cary  T.  Grayson.  Secretary  Tumulty,  a  corps 
of  stenographers  and  some  thirty  correspond- 
ents. The  start  of  the  journey  was  made  Sept. 
3  and  the  first  address  was  made  in  Columbus, 
O..  on  the  forenoon  of  Sept.  4. 

KEYNOTE  SPEECH  OF  TRIP. 

Speaking  in  Memorial  hall.  Columbus.  O., 
Sept.  4,  President  Wilson  said: 

"Mr.  Chairman,  Governor  Campbell,  and  my 
fellow  citizens:  It  is  with  very  profound 
pleasure  that  I  find  myself  face  to  face  with 
you.  I  have  for  a  long  time  chafed  at  the 
confinement  of  Washington.  I  have  for  a 
long  time  wished  to  fulfill  the  purpose  with 
which  my  heart  was  full  when  I  returned  lo 
our  beloved  country,  namely,  to  go  out  and 
report  to  my  fellow  countrymen  concerning 
those  affairs  of  the  world  which  now  need 
to  be  settled. 

"The  only  people  I  owe  any  rep9rt  to  are 
you  and  the  other  citizens  of  the  United  States 
and  it  has  become  increasingly  necessary,  ap- 
parently, that  I  should  report  to  you. 

"After  all  the  various  angles  at  which  you 
have  heard  the  treaty  held  up  perhaps  you 
would  like  to  know  what  is  in  the  treaty.  I 
find  it  very  difficult  in  reading  some  of  the 
speeches  that  I  have  read  to  form  any  concep- 
tion ol  that  great  document. 

"It  is  a  document  unique  in  the  history  of 
the  world  for  many  reasons  and  I  think  I 
cannot  do  you  a  better  service  or  the  peace 
of  the  world  a  better  service  than  by  pointing 
out  to  you  just  what  this  treaty  contains  and 
•what  it  seeks  to  do. 

"In  the  first  place,  my  fellow  countrymen, 
it  seeks  to  punish  one  of  the  greatest  wrongs 
ever  done  in  history,  the  wrong  which  Ger- 
many sought  to  do  to  the  world  and  to  civili- 
zation, and  there  ought  to  be  no  weak  purpose 
with  regard  to  the  application  of  the  punish- 
ment. She  attempted  an  intolerable  thing 
and  she  must  be  made  to  pay  for  the  at- 
tempt. 

"The  terms  of  the  treaty  are  severe,  but 
they  are  not  unjust.  I  can  testify  that  the 
men  associated  with  me  at  the  peace  conference 
in  Paris  hud  it  in  their  hearts  to  do  justice 
and  not  wrong,  but  they  knew,  perhaps  with  a 
more  vivid  sense  of  what  had  happened  than 
we  could  possibly  know  on  this  side  of  the 
•water,  the  many  solemn  covenants  which  Ger- 
many had  disregarded;  the  lonsr  preparation 
she  had  made  to  overwhelm  her  neighbors;  the 
utter  disregard  which  she  had  shown  for  hu- 
man rights,  for  the  rights  of  women  and  chil- 
dren and  those  who  were  helpless. 

"They  had  seen  their  lands  devastated  by 
an  enemy  that  devoted  itself  not  only  to  the 
effort  of  victory  but  to  the  effort  of  terror, 
seeking  to  terrify  the  people  whom  they 
fought,  and  I  wish  to  testify  that  they  exer- 
cised restraint  in  the  terms  of  this  treaty. 

"They  do  not  wish  to  overwhelm  any  great 
nation  and  they  had  no  purpose  in  overwhelm- 
ing the  German  people,  but  they  did  think 
that  it  ought  to  be  burned  into  the  con- 
sciousness of  men  forever  that  no  people  ought 
to  permit  its  government  to  do  what  the  Ger- 
man government  did. 

"In  the  lr>st  analysis,  my  fpllow  countryman, 
as  we  in  America  would  be  the  first  to  claim, 
a  people  is  responsible  for  the  acts  of  its 


government:  if  its  government  purposes  things 
that  are  wrong,  it  ought  to  take  measures  and 
see  to  it  that  that  purpose  is  not  executed. 

"Germany  was  sell-governed.  Her  rulers 
had  not  concealed  the  purposes  that  they  had 
in  mind,  but  they  had  deceived  their  people 
as  to  the  character  of  the  methods  they  were 
going  to  use  and  I  believe  from  what  I  can 
learn  that  there  is  an  awakened  consciousness 
in  Germany  itself  of  the  deep  iniquity  of  the 
thing  that  was  attempted. 

"When  the  Austrian  delegates  came  before 
the  peace  conference,  they,  in  so  many  words, 
spoke  of  the  origination  of  the  war  as  a  crime 
and  admitted  in  our  presence  that  it  was  a 
thing  intolerable  to  contemplate. 

"They  knew  in  their  hearts  that  it  had  done 
them  the  deepest  conceivable  wrong:  that  it 
had  put  their  people  and  the  people  of  Ger- 
many at  the  judgment  seat  of  mankind  and 
throughout  this  treaty  every  term  that  was 
applied  to  Germany  was  meant  not  to  humili- 
ate Germany  but  to  rectify  the  wrong  that 
she  had  done. 

"And  if  you  will  look  even  into  the  severe 
terms  of  reparation,  for  there  was  no  indem- 
nity— no  indemnity  of  any  sort  was  claimed — 
merely  reparation,  merely  paying  for  the  de- 
struction done,  merely  making  good  the  losses 
so  far  as  the  losses  could  be  made  good  which 
she  had  unjustly  inflicted,  not  upon  the  gov- 
ernments— for  the  reparation  is  not  to  go  to 
the  governments— but  upon  the  people  whose 
rights  she  had  trodden  upon  with  absolute  ab- 
sence of  everything  that  even  resembled  pity — 
there  is  no  indemnity  in  this  treaty,  but  there  is 
reparation  and  even  in  the  terms  of  reparation 
a  method  is  devised  by  which  the  reparation 
shall  be  adjusted  to  Germany's  ability  to  pay 
it. 

"I  am  astonished  at  some  of  the  statements 
I  see  made  about  this  treaty,  and  the  truth 
is  that  they  are  made  by  persons  who  have 
not  read  the  treaty  or  who,  if  they  have  read 
it,  have  not  comprehended  its  meaning. 

"There  is  a  method  of  adjustment  in  the 
treaty  by  which  the  reparation  shall  not  be 
pressed  beyond  the  point  which  Germany  can 
pay,  but  she  will  be  pressed  to  the  utmost 
point  that  she  can  pay,  which  is  just,  which 
is  righteous. 

"It  would  be  intolerable  if  there  had  been 
anything  else,  for,  my  fellow  citizens,  this 
treaty  is  not  meant  merely  to  end  this  single 
war,  it  is  meant  as  a  notice  to  every  govern- 
ment who  in  the  future  will  attempt  this 
thing-  that  mankind  will  unite  to  inflict  the 
same  punishment. 

"There  is  no  national  triumph  sought  to  be 
recorded  in  this  treaty.  There  is  no  glory 
sought  for  any  particular  nation. 

"The  thought  of  the  statesmen  collected 
around  that  table  was  of  their  people,  of  the 
sufferings  that  they  had  gone  through,  of  the 
losses  they  had  incurred,  that  great  throbbing 
heart  which  was  so  depressed,  so  forlorn,  so 
sad  in  every  memory  that  it  had  had  of  the 
five  tragical  years,  my  fellow  countrymen. 

"Let  us  never  forget  the  purpose,  the  high 
purpose,  the  disinterested  purpose,  with  which 
America  lent  its  strength,  not  for  its  own 
glory,  but  for  the  advance  of  mankind. 

"And  as  I  said,  this  treaty  was  not  intended 
merely  to  end  this  war;  it  was  intended  to 
prevent  any  similar  war. 

"I  wonder  if  some  of  the  opponents  of 
the  league  of  nations  have  forgotten  the 
promises  we  made  our  people  before  we  went 
to  that  peace  table? 

"We  had  taken  by  processes  of  law  the 
flower  of  our  youth  from  every  countryside — 
from  every  household— and  we  told  those 
mothers  and  fathers  and  sisters  and  wives  and 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


699 


sweethearts  that  we  were  taking  these  men 
to  fight  a  war  which  would  end  business  of 
that  sort  and  if  we  do  not  do  the  best  that 
human  concert  of  action  can  do  to  end  it 
we  are  of  all  men  the  most  unfaithful — the 
most  unfaithful  to  the  loving-  hearts  who  suf- 
fered in  this  war;  the  most  unfaithful  to 
those  whose  heads  bowed  in  grief,  yet  lifted 
with  the  feeling-  that  the  lad  laid  down  his 
life  for  great  things,  among-  other  things,  in 
order  that  other  lads  might  not  have  to  do 
the  same  thing. 

"That  is  what  the  league  of  nations  is 
for.  to  end  this  war  justly,  and  it  is  not 
merely  to  serve  notice  on  governments  which 
would  contemplate  the  same  things  which  Ger- 
many contemplated,  that  they  will  do  it  at 
their  peril,  but  also  concerting  the  combi- 
nation of  power  which  will  prove  to  them 
that  they  will  do  it  at  their  peril. 

"It  is  idle  to  say  the  world  will  combine 
against  you,  because  it  may  not,  but  it  is 
persuasive  to  say  the  world  is  combined 
against  you  and  will  remain  combined  against 
any  who  attempt  the  same  things  that  you 
attempted. 

"The  league  of  nations  is  the  only  thing 
that  can  prevent  the  recurrence  of  this  dread- 
ful catastrophe  and  redeem  our  promises. 
And  the  character  of  the  league  is  based  upon 
the  experience  of  this  very  war. 

"I  did  not  meet  a  single  public  man  who 
did  not  admit  these  things,  that  Germany 
would  not  have  gone  into  this  war  if  she 
had  thought  Great  Britain  was  going  into  it 
and  that  she  most  certainly  would  never  have 
gone  into  this  war  if  she  had  dreamed  Amer- 
ica was  going  into  it,  and  they  have  all  ad- 
mitted that  a  notice  beforehand  that  the 
greatest  powers  of  the  world  would  combine 
to  prevent  this  sort  of  thing-  would  have  pre- 
vented it  absolutely. 

"When  gentlemen  tell  you.  therefore,  that 
the  league  of  nations  is  intended  for  some 
other  purpose  than  this  merely  reply  this  to 
them: 

"  'If  we  do  not  do  this  thing  we  have  neg- 
lected the  central  covenant  that  we  made  to 
our  people.* 

"Then  there  will  be  no  statesman  of  any 
country  who  can  thereafter  promise  his  people 
any  alleviation  from  the  perils  of  war. 

"The  passions  of  this  world  are  not  dead; 
the  rivalries  of  this  world  have  not  cooled; 
they  have  been  rendered  hotter  than  ever. 
The  harness  that  is  to  unite  nations  is  more 
necessary  now  than  it  ever  was  before  and 
unless  there  is  this  sureness  of  combined 
action  before  wrong  is  attempted,  wrong  will 
be  attempted  just  as  soon  as  the  most  ambi- 
tious nations  can  recover  from  the  financial 
stress  of  this  war. 

"Now,  look,  what  else  is  in  the  treaty? 
This  treaty  is  unique  in  the  history  of  man- 
kind, because  the  center  of  it  is  the  redemption 
of  weak  nations. 

"There  never  was  a  congress  of  nations  be- 
fore that  considered  the  rights  of  those  who 
could  not  enforce  their  rights.  There  never 
was  a  congress  of  nations  before  that  did  not 
seek  to  affect  some  balance  of  power  brought 
about  by  means  of  serving  the  strength  and 
interest  of  the  strongest  powers  concerned, 
whereas  this  treaty  builds  up  nations  that 
never  could  have  won  their  freedom  in  any 
other  way. 

"It  builds  them  up  by  gift,  by  largess,  not 
by  obligation;  builds  them  up  because  of  the 
conviction  of  the  men  who  wrc.e  the  treaty 
that  the  rights  of  people  transcend  the  rights 
of  governments;  because  of  the  conviction  of 
the  »men  who  wrote  that  treaty  that  the 
fertile  source  of  war  is  wrong;  that  the  Aus- 
tro-Hungarian  empire,  for  example,  was  held 
together  by  military  force  and  consisted  of 


peoples  who  did  not  want  to  live  together; 
who  did  not  have  the  spirit  of  nationality  as 
toward  each  other;  who  were  constantly 
chafing  at  the  bands  that  held  them. 

"Hungary,  though  a  willing  partner  of  Aus- 
tria, was  willing  to  be  her  partner  because 
she  could  share- Austria's  strength  for  accom- 
plishing her  own  ambitions  and  her  own  ambi- 
tions were  to  hold  under  the  Jugro  Slavic 
peoples  that  lie  to  the  south  of  her. 

"Bohemia,  an  unhappy  partner,  a  partner 
by  duress,  flowing  in  all  her  veins  the  strong- 
est national  impulse  that  was  to  be  found 
anywhere  in  Europe;  and  north  of  that  piti- 
ful Poland,  a  great  nation  divided  up  among 
the  great  powers  of  Europe,  torn  asunder— 
kinship  disregarded,  natural  ties  treated  with 
contempt  and  an  obligatory  division  among 
sovereigns'  imposed  upon  her— a  part  of  her 
given  to  Russia,  a  part  of  her  given  to  Aus- 
tria and  a  part  of  her  given  to  Germany  and 
great  bodies  of  Polish  people  never  permitted 
to  have  the  normal  intercourse  with  their 
kinsmen  for  fear  that  that  fine  instinct  of 
the  heart  should  assert  itself  which  binds  fam- 
ilies together. 

"Poland  could  never  have  won  her  inde- 
pendence. 

"Bohemia  never  could  have  broken  away 
from  the  Austro-Hungarian  combination. 

"The  Slavic  peoples  to  the  south  running 
down  into  the  great  Balkan  peninsula  had 
again  and  again  tried  to  assert  their  nation- 
ality and  their  independence  and  had  as  often 
been  crushed,  not  by  the  immediate  power  they 
were  fighting,  but  by  the  combined  power  of 
Europe. 

"The  old  alliances,  the  old  balances  of  power 
were  meant  to  see  to  it  thnt  no  little  nation 
asserted  its  rights  to  the  disturbance  of  the 
peace  of  Europe  and  every  time  an  assertion 
of  rights  was  attempted  they  were  suppressed 
by  combined  influence  and  force  and  thi« 
treaty  tears  away  all  that  and  says  these 
people  have  a  right  to  live  their  own  livea 
under  the  governments  which  they  themselves 
choose  to  set  up. 

"That  is  the  American  principle  and  I  was 
glad  to  fight  for  it  and  when  strategic  con- 
siderations were  urged  I  said— not  I  alone— 
but  it  was  a  matter  of  common  counsel  that 
strategic  considerations  were  not  in  our 
thought,  that  we  were  not  now  arranging"  for 
future  wars,  but  were  giving  people  what  be- 
longed to  them. 

"My  fellow  citizens.  I  do  not  think  there  !• 
any  man  alive  who  has  a  more  tender  sym- 
pathy for  the  great  people  of  Italy  than  I 
have  and  a  very  stern  duty  was  presented  to 
us  when  we  had  to  consider  some  of  the 
claims  of  Italy  on  the  Adriatic,  because  strate- 
gically from  the  point  of  view  of  future  wars 
Italy  needed  a  military  foothold  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Adriatic,  but  her  people  did  not 
live  there  except  in  little  spots. 

"It  was  a  Slavic  people  and  I  had  to  say 
to  my  Italian  friends  that  everywhere  else 
in  this  treaty  we  have  given  territory  to  the 
people  who  lived  on  it  ?nd  I  do  not  think 
that  it  is  for  the  advantage  of  It?ly— nnd  I 
am  sure  it  is  not  for  the  advantage  of  the 
world— to  give  Italy  territory  where  other  peo- 
ple live. 

"I  felt  the  force  of  ths  argument  for  what 
they  wanted  and  it  was  the  old  n-gument  that 
had  always  prevailed— namely,  that  they  need- 
ed it  from  a  military  point  of  view — and  I 
have  no  doubt  that  if  there  is  no  league  of 
nations  they  will  need  it  from  a  military  point 
of  view,  but  if  there  is  a  league  of  nations 
they  will  not  need  it  from  a  military  point  of 
view. 

"If  there  is  n9  lea  rue  of  nations  the  mili- 
tary point  of  view  vill  prevail  in  every  In- 
stance and  peace  will  be  brought  into  con- 
tempt; but  if  there  is  a  league  of  nations 


TOO 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Italy  need  not  fear  the  fact  that  the  shores 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Adriatic  t9\ver  above 
her  lower  sandy  shores  on  her  side  of  the 
sea  because  there  will  be  no  threatening  grins 
there  and  the  nations  of  the  world  will  have 
considered  not  merely  to  see  that  the  Slavic 
peoples  have  their  rights,  but  that  the  Italian 
people  have  their  rights  as  well. 

"I  would  rather  have  everybody  on  my  side 
than  be  armed  to  the  teeth,  and  every  settle- 
ment that  is  right,  every  settlement  that  is 
based  upon  the  principles  I  have  alluded  to. 
is  a  safe  settlement  because  the  sympathy 
of  mankind  will  be  behind  it. 

"Some  gentlemen  have  feared  with  regard  to 
the  league  of  nations  that  we  will  be  obliged 
to  do  things  we  don  t  want  to  do.  If  the 
treaty  were  wrong  that  might  be  so.  but  if 
the  treaty  is  right,  we  will  wish  to  preserve 
right.  I  think  I  know  the  heart  of  this  great 
people  whom  I  for  the  time  being  have  the 
high  honor  to  represent  better  than  some 
other  men  that  I  hear  talk. 

"I  have  been  bred  and  am  proud  to  have 
been  bred  in  the  old  revolutionary  stock  which 
set  this  government  up.  when  America  was  set 
UP  as  a  friend  of  mankind,  and  I  know— if 
they  do  not— that  America  has  never  lost  that 
vision  or  that  purpose. 

"But  I  haven't  the  slightest  fear  that  arms 
will  be  necessary  if  the  purpose  is  there. 
I  know  that  my  adversary  is  armed  and  I  am 
not  I  do  not  press  the  controversy,  and  if  any 
nation  entertains  selfish  purposes  set  against 
the  principles  established  in  this  treaty  and 
is  told  by  the  rest  of  the  world  that  it  must 
withdraw  its  claims,  it  will  not  press  them. 

"The  heart  «f  this  treaty  then,  my  fellow 
citizens,  is  not  even  that  it  punishes  Germany 
—that  is  a  temporary  thing— it  is  that  it  recti- 
fies the  age  long  wrong  which  characterized 
the  history  of  Europe. 

"There  were  some  of  us  who  wished  that 
the  scope  of  the  treaty  would  reach  some 
other  age  long  wrongs.  It  was  a  big  job  ana 
I  don't  say  that  we  wished  that  it  were  bigger, 
but  there  were  other  wrongs  elsewhere  than 
in  Europe  and  of  the  same  kind,  which  no 
doubt  ought  to  be  righted  and  some  day  will 
be  righted,  but  which  we  could  not  deal  with 
in  the  treaty  because  we  could  deal  only  with 
the  countries  which  the  war  had  engulfed  and 
affected. 

"But  so  far  as  the  scope  of  our  treaty  went, 
we  rectified  the  wrongs  which  have  been  the 
fertile  source  of  war  in  Europe. 

"Have  you  ever  reflected,  my  fellow  country- 
men on  the  real  source  of  revolutions?  Men 
don't  start  revolutions  in  a  sudden  passion 
Do  you  remember  what  Thomas  Carlyle  said 
about  the  French  revolution? 

"He  was  speaking  ot  the  so-called  hundred 
d*ys'  terror  which  reigned,  not  only  in  Pans 
but  throughout  France,  in  the  days  of  the 
French  revolution:  and  he  reminded  his  read- 
ers that  back  of  that  hundred  days  of  terror 
lay  several  hundred  years  of  agony  and  of 

"The  French  people  had  been  deeply  and 
persistently  wronged  by  their  government, 
robbed,  their  human  rights  disregarded,  and 
the  slow  agony  of  those  hundreds  of  years 
had  after  a  while  gathered  into  a  hot  agony 
that  could  not  be  suppressed.  Revolutions 
don't  spring  up  over  night,  revolutions  gather 
through  the  ages;  revolutions  come  from  the 
long  suppression  of  the  human  spirit:  revo- 
lutions come  because  men  know  that  they 
have  rights  and  that  they  are  disregarded. 

"And  when  we  think  of  the  future  of  the 
world  in  connection  with  this  treaty  we  must 
remember  that  one  of  the  chief  efforts  of 
those  who  made  this  treaty  was  to  remove 
that  anger  from  the  heart  of  great  peoples, 
great  peoples  who  had  always  been  suppressed 
and  always  been  used,  who  had  always  been 


the  tools  in  the  hands  of  governments— gener- 
ally  of   alien  governments— not  their   own. 

And  the  makers  of  the  treaty  knew  that 
if  these  wrongs  were  not  removed  there  could 
be  no  peace  in  the  world,  because,  after  all. 
my  fellow  citizens,  war  comes  from  the  seed 
of  wrong  and  not  from  the  seed  of  right. 
This  treaty  is  an  attempt  to  right  the  history 
of  Europe— and  in  my  humble  judgment  it  is  a 
measurable  success. 

"I  say  'measurable.'  my  fellow  citizens  be- 
cause you  will  realize  the  difficulty  of  this 
Here  are  two  neighboring  peoples.  The  one 
people  has  not  stopped  at  a  sharp  line  and 
the  settlements  of  the  other  people,  or  the 
migrations,  begun  at  that  sharp  line-  they 
have  intermingled. 

"There  are  regions  where  you  can't  draw  a 
national  line  and  say  there  are  Slavs  on  this 
side  and  Italians  on  that:  there  is  this  people 
there  and  that  people  there. 

It  can't  be  done.  You  have  to  approxi- 
mate the  line.  You  have  to  come  to  it  as 
near  to  it  as  you  can  and  then  trust  to  the 
process  of  history  to  redistribute,  it  may  be 
the  people  who  are  on  the  wrong  side  of  the 
line. 

IT/-  And  there  are  niany  such  lines  drawn  in 
this  treaty  and  to  be  drawn  in  the  Austrian 
treaty,  where  perhaps  there  are  more  lines 
of  that  sort  than  in  the  German  treaty 
*JlW£en.  ^e  came  to  draw  tne  line  between 
the  Polish  people  and  the  German  people 
not  the  line  between  Germany  and  Poland- 
there  wasn't  any  Poland,  strictly  speaking— 
the  line  between  the  German  people  and  the 
Polish  people— there  were  districts  like  the 
upper  part  of  Silesia,  or  rather  the  eastern 
part  of  Silesia,  which  is  called  'Upper  Silesia,' 
because  it  is  mountainous  and  the  other  part 
is  not.  High  Silesia  is  chiefly  Polish  and  when 
we  came  to  draw  a  line  to  represent  Poland 
it  was  necessary  to  include  High  Silesia  il 
we  were  really  going  to  play  fair  and  make 
Poland  up  of  the  Polish  peoples  wherever  ire 
found  them  in  sufficiently  close  neighborhood 
to  one  another. 

"But  it  wasn't  perfectly  clear  that  Upper— 
that  High  Silesia  wanted  to  be  part  of  Po- 
land. At  any  rate  there  were  Germans  in  High 
Silesia  who  said  that  it  did  not.  and.  therefore, 
we  did  there  what  we  did  in  many  other 
places;  we  said.  'Very  well,  then,  we  will  let 
the  people  that  live  there  decide. 

"  'We  will  have  a  referendum  within  a  cer- 
tain length  of  time  after  the  war.  under  the 
supervisi9n  of  an  international  commission 
which  will  have  a  sufficient  armed  force  be- 
hind it  to  preserve  order  and  see  that  nobody 
interferes  with  the  elections.  We  will  have 
an  absolutely  free  vote  and  High  Silesia  shall 
go  either  to  Germany  or  to  Poland,  as  the 
people  in  High  Silesia  prefer.' 

"And  that  illustrates  many  other  cases  'where 
we  provided  for  a  referendum,  or  a  plebiscite, 
as  they  choose  to  call  it:  and  we  are  going: 
to  leave  it  to  the  people  themselves,  as  we 
should  have  done,  what  government  they  shall 
live  under. 

"It  is  none  of  my  prerogative  to  allot  pee- 
ples  to  this  government  and  the  other.  It  ie 
nobody's  right  to  do  that  allotting-  except  the 
people  themselves  and  I  want  to  testify  that 
this  treaty  is  shot  through  with  the  Ameri- 
can principle  of  the  cilice  of  the  governed. 

"Of  course,  at  times  it  went  further  than 
we  could  make  a  practical  policy  of,  because 
various  peoples  were  keen  upon  getting  back 
portions  of  their  populations  which  were  sep- 
arated from  them  by  many  miles  of  territory 
and  we  couldn't  spot  over  with  little  pieces  of 
eparated  states. 

'I  even  had  to  remind  my  Italian  colleagruee 
;hat  if  they  were  going  to  claim  every  place 
where  there  was  a  large  Italian  population 
we  would  have  to  cede  New  York  to  them. 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


701 


because  there  are  more  Italians  in  New  York 
than  in  any  Italian  city. 

"But  I  believe— I  hope— that  the  Italians  in 
New  York  city  are  as  glad  to  stay  there  as 
we  are  to  have  them.  I  would  not  have  you 
suppose  that  I  am  intimating  that  my  Italian 
colleagues  entered  any  claim  for  New  York 
city. 

"We.  of  all  peoples  in  the  world,  my  fellow 
citizens,  ought  to  be  able  to  understand  the 
questions  of  this  treaty  and  without  anybody 
explaining  them  to  us;  for  we  are  made  up 
out  of  all  the  peoples  of  the  world.  I  dare 
say  that  in  this  audience  there  are  representa- 
tives of  practically  all  the  peoples  dealt  with 
in  this  treaty. 

"You  don't  have  to  have  me  explain  na- 
tional ambitions  to  you— national  aspirations. 
You  have  been  brought  up  on  them;  you 
learned  of  them  since  you  were  children  and  it 
is  t  '.ose  national  aspirations  which  we  sought 
to  realize,  to  give  an  outlet  to.  in  this  great 

"But  we  do  much  more  than  that.  This 
treaty  contains,  among  other  things,  a  Magna 
Charta  of  labor— a  thing  unheard  of  until  this 
interesting  year  of  grace.  There  is  a  whole 
section  of  the  treaty  devoted  to  arrangements, 
by  which  'he  interests  of  those  who  labor 
with  their  Lands  all  over  the  world— whether 
they  be  men  or  women  or  children— are  all  of 
them  to  be  safeguarded.  And  next  month 
there  is  to  meet  the  first  assembly  under  this 
section  of  the  league— and  let  me  tell  you  it 
will  meet  whether  t^e  treaty  is  ratified  by 
that  time  or  not. 

"There  is  to  meet  an  assembly  which  rep- 
resents the  interest^  of  laboring  men  through- 
out the  world:  not  their  political  interests. 
There  is  nothing  political  about  it. 

"It  is  the  interest  of  men  concerning  the 
conditions  of  their  labor,  concerning  the  char- 
acter of  labor  which  women  shall  engage  in, 
the  character  of  labor  which  children  shall 
be  permitted  to  engage  in:  the  hours  of  labor, 
and.  incidentally,  of  course,  the  remuneration 
of  labor. 

"The  labor  shall  be  remunerated  in  propor- 
tion, of  course,  to  the  maintenance  of  the 
standard  of  livng  which  is  proper  for  the 
m'an  who  is  expected  to  give  his  whole  brain 
and  intelligence  and  energy  to  a  particular 

"I  hear  very  little  said  about  this  Magna 
Charta  of  labor  which  is  embodied  in  this.  It 
forecasts  the  day  which  ought  to  have  come 
long  ago,  when  statesmen  will  realize  that  no 
nation  is  fortunate  which  is  not  happy  and 
that  no  nation  can  be  happy  whose  people  are 
not  contented,  contented  in  their  industry, 
contented  in  their  lives  and  fortunate  in  the 
circumstances  of  their  lives. 

"If  I  were  to  state  what  seems  to  me  to 
be  the  central  idea  of  this  treaty  it  would 
be  this:  It  is  almost  a  discovery  in  interna- 
tional conventions— That  nations  do  not  con- 
sist of  their  government,  but  consist  of  their 
people.' 

"That  is  a  rudimentary  idea:  it  seems  to  go 
without  saying  to  us  in  America,  but  my  fel- 
low citizens,  it  was  never  the  leading  idea  in 
any  other  international  congress  that  I  ever 
heard  of:  that  is  to  say,  any  international 
congress  made  up  of  the.  representatives  of 
government. 

"They  were  always  thinking  of  national 
policy,  of  national  advantages,  of  the  rivalries 
of  trade,  of  the  advantages  of  territorial  con- 
quest. 

"There  is   nothing   of   that  in   this   treaty. 

"You  will  notice  that  even  the  territories 
which  are  taken  awpy  from  Germany,  like 
her  colonies,  are  not  given  to  anybody.  There 
is  not  a  single  act  of  annexation  in  this  treaty. 

"But  territories  inhabited  by  people  not  yet 
able  to  govern  themselves,  either  because  of 


economic  or  other  circumstances,  or  the  stage 
of  their  development,  are  put  under  the  cure 
of  powers  who  are  to  accept  as  trustees, 
trustees  responsible  in  the  forum  of  the  world, 
at  the  bar  of  the  league  of  nations,  and  the 
terms  upon  which  they  are  to  exercise  their 
trusteeship  are  outlined. 

"They  are  not  to  use  those  people  by  way 
of  profit  and  to  fight  their  wars  for  them: 
they  are  not  to  permit  any  form  of  slavery 
among  them  or  of  enforced  labor.  They  are 
to  see  to  it  that  there  are  humane  condi- 
tions of  labor  with  regard  not  only  to  the 
women  and  children,  but  the  men.  too. 

"They  are  to  establish  no  fortifications;  they 
are  to  regulate  the  liqupr  and  the  opium  traf- 
fic; they  are  to  see  to  it.  in  other  words  that 
the  lives  of  the  people  whose  care  they  assume 
— not  sovereignty  over  whom  they  assume, 
but  whose  care  they  assume— are  kept  clean 
and  safe  and  holy. 

'There  again  the  principle  of  the  treaty 
comes  out — that  the  object  of  the  arrangement 
is  the  welfare  of  the  people  who  live  there 
and  not  the  advantages  of  the  government. 

"It  goes  beyond  that  and  it  seeks  to  gather 
under  the  common  supervision  of  the  league 
of  nations  the  various  instrumentalities  by 
which  the  world  has  been  trying  to  check  the 
evils  that  were  in  some  places  debasing:  men, 
like  the  opium  traffic,  like  the  traffic— for  it 
was  a  traffic — in  men,  women  and  children: 
like  the  traffic  in  other  dangerous  drugs:  like 
the  traffic  in  arms  among  uncivilized  people, 
who  could  use  arms  only  for  their  detriment' 
for  sanitation:  for  the  work  of  the  Red  Cross. 

"Why.  those  clauses,  my  fellow  citizjens. 
draw  the  hearts  of  the  world  into  league; 
draw  the  noble  impulses  of  the  world  together 
and  make  a  poem  of  them. 

"I  used  to  be  told  that  this  was  an  age 
in  which  mind  was  monarch;  and  my  com- 
ment was  that  if  that  were  true  the  mind 
was  one  of  those  modern  monarchs  that  reign 
and  do  not  govern,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact 
we  were  governed  by  a  great  representative 
assembly,  made  up  of  the  human  passion* 
and  that  the  best  we  could  manage  waa  that 
the  high  and  fine  passions  should  be  in  a  ma- 
jority, so  that  they  could  control  the  faoe 
of  passion,  so  that  they  could  check  the  things 
that  were  wrong,  and  this  treaty  seeks  some- 
thing like  that. 

"In  drawing  the  humane  endeavors  together 
it  makes  a  mirror  of  the  fine  passions  of  the 
world,  of  its  philanthropic  passions  and  of  H« 
passion  of  pity,  of  this  passion  of  humam 
sympathy,  of  this  passion  of  human  friendli- 
ness and  helpfulness,  for  there  is  such  a 
passion. 

"It  is  the  passion  that  has  lifted  us  alonr 
the  slow  road  of  civilization:  it  is  the  passion 
that  has  made  ordered  government  possible: 
it  is  the  passion  that  has  made  justice  and 
established  the  thing  in  some  happy  part  of 
the  world. 

"That  is  the  treaty.  Did  you  ever  hear  of 
it  before?  Did  you  ever  know  before  what 
was  in  this  treaty?  Did  anybody  before  ever 
tell  you  what  the  treaty  was  intended  to  do? 

"I  beg,  my  fellow  citizens,  that  you  and 
the  rest  of  those  Americans  with  whom  -we 
are  happy  to  be  associated  all  over  this  broad 
land,  will  read  the  treaty  themselves — or  U 
they  won't  take  time  to  do  that — for  it  is  a 
technical  document  that  is  hard  to  read — 
that  they  will  accept  the  interpretation  oJ 
those  who  made  it  and  know  what  the  inten- 
tions were  in  the  making  of  it. 

"I  hear  a  great  deal,  my  fellow  citizens, 
about  the  selfishness  and  the  selfish  ambitions 
of  other  governments,  but  I  would  not  be 
doing  justice  to  the  gifted  men  with  whom  I 
was  associated  on  the  other  side  of  the  water 
if  I  did  not  testify  that  the  purposes  that 
I  have  outlined  were  their  purposes. 


702 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


"We  differed  as  to  the  method  very  often: 
we  had  discussions  as  to  the  details,  but  we 
never  had  any  serious  discussion  as  to  the 
principle.  And  while  we  all  acknowledge  that 
the  principles  mig-ht  perhaps  in  details  have 
been  better,  really  we  are  all  back  of  those 
principles. 

"There  is  a  concert  of  mind  and  of  purpose 
and  of  policy  in  the  world  that  was  never  in 
existence  before.  I  am  not  saying1  that  by 
way  of  credit  to  myself  or  to  those  col- 
leagues to  whom  I  have  alluded,  because  what 
happened  to  us  was  that  we  got  messages 
from  our  peoples:  we  were  there  under  in- 
structions, whether  they  were  written  down 
or  not.  We  did  not  dare  come  home  without 
fulfilling  those  instructions. 

"If  I  could  not  have  brougrht  back  the 
kind  of  treaty  I  brought  back,  I  never  would 
have  come  back,  because  I  would  have  been 
an  unfaithful  servant  and  you  would  have 
had  the  right  to  condemn  me  in  any  way  that 
you  chose:  so  that  I  testify  that  this  is  an 
American  treaty;  not  only  that  but  it  is  a 
treaty  that  expresses  the  heart  of  the  people 
—of  the  great  peoples  who  were  associated 
together  in  the  war  against  Germany. 

"I  said  at  the  opening  of  this  informal 
address,  my  fellow  citizens,  that  I  had  come 
to  make  a  report  to  you.  I  want  to  add 
to  that  a  little  bit.  I  have  not  come  to  de- 
bate the  treaty.  It  speaks  for  itself  if  you 
will  let  it.  The  arguments  directed  against 
it  are  directed  against  it  with  a  radical  mis- 
understanding1 of  the  instrument  itself. 

"Therefore.  I  am  not  going  anywhere  to 
debate  the  treaty.  I  am  going  to  expound  it 
and  I  am  going,  right  here,  now.  to-day,  to 
urge  you  in  every  vocal  method  that  you  can 
use  to  assert  the  spirit  of  the  American 
people  in  support  of  it. 

"Don't  let  men  pull  it  down.  Don't  let 
them  misrepresent  it;  don't  let  them  lead 
this  nation  away  from  the  high  purposes  with 
which  this  war  was  inaugurated  and  fought. 
"As  I  came  through  that  line  of  youngsters 
in  khaki  a  few  minutes  ago  I  felt  that  I 
could  salute  it  because  I  had  done  the  job 
in  the  way  I  promised  them  I  would  do 
it  and  when  this  treaty  is  accepted  men  in 
khaki  will  not  have  to  cross  the  seas  again. 

"That  is  the  reason  I  believe  in  it.  I 
say  'When,  it  is  accepted,'  for  it  will  be  ac- 
cepted. I  have  never  entertained  a  moment's 
doubt  of  that  and  the  only  thing  I  have 
been  impatient  of  has  been  the  delay.  It  is 
not  a  dangerous  delay  except  for  the  temper 
of  the  peoples  scattered  throughout  the  world 
who  are  waiting. 

"Do  you  realize,  my  fellow  citizens,  that 
the  whole  world  is  waiting  on  America?  The 
only  country  in  the  world  that  is  trusted  at 
this  moment  is  the  United  States  and  they 
are  waiting  to  see  whether  their  trust  is 
justified  or  not. 

"That  has  been  the  ground  of  my  impa- 
tience. I  knew  their  trust  was  justified,  but 
I  begrudge  the  time  that  certain  gentlemen 
oblige  us  to  take  in  telling  them  BO. 

"We  shall  tell  them  so  in  a  voice  as  au- 
thentic as  any  voice  in  history  and  in  the 
years  to  come  men  will  be  glad  to  remember 
that  they  had  some  part  in  the  great  strug- 
gle which  brought  this  incomparable  consum- 
mation of  the  hopes  of  mankind." 
WAR  COULD  HAVE  BEEN  PREVENTED. 

Addressing  an  audience  of  10,000  in  the 
Coliseum,  Indianapolis.  Ind.,  on  the  evening 
of  Sept.  4,  President  Wilson  said  in  part: 

"I  want  to  recall  to  you  for  the  purpose 
of  this  evening  the  circumstances  of  the  war 
and  the  purposes  for  which  our  men  lost 
their  lives  on  the  other  side  of  the  sea. 

"You  will  remember  that  a  prince  of  the 
house  of  Austria  was  slain  by  a  Serbian  sym- 
pathizer. Serbia  was  one  of  the  small  king- 


doms of  Europe/"    She  had  no  strength  which 
any  of  the  great  powers  needed  to  fear. 

"As  we  see  the  war  now,  Germany  and  those 
who  conspired  with  her  made  a  pretext  of  that 
accusation  in  order  to  make  unconscionable 
demands  for  the  weak  and  helpless  kingdom 
of  Serbia,  not  with  a  view  of  bringing  about 
an  acquiescence  in  those  demands,  but  with  a 
view  to  bringing  about  a  conflict  in  which 
their  purposes,  quite  separate  from  the  pur- 
poses connected  with  these  demands,  could  ba 
achieved. 

"Just  so  soon  as  these  demands  were  made, 
other  nations  of  Europe  sent  telegraphic  mes- 
sages to  their  representatives  at  Vienna  and 
Berlin,  urging  them  to  ask  the  governments 
of  Vienna  and  Berlin  to  enter  into  discussion 
of  these  matters. 

"I  was  recalling,  my  fellow  citizens,  the  cir- 
cumstances which  beg-an  the  terrible  conflict 
that  has  just  been  concluded. 

"So  soon  as  the  unconscionable  demands  of 
Austria  were  made  on  Serbia  the  other  gov- 
ernments of  Europe  sent  telegraphic  message* 
to  Berlin  and  Vienna  asking  that  the  matter 
be  brought  into  a  conference. 

"And  the  significant  circumstance  of  the 
beginning  of  this  war  is  that  the  Austrian  and 
German  governments  did  not  dare  to  discuss 
the  demands  on  Serbia  or  the  purpose  which 
they  had  in  view. 

"It  is  universally  admitted  on  the  other  side 
of  the  water  that  if  they  had  gone  into  inter- 
national conference  on  the  Austrian  demand* 
the  war  never  would  have  been  begun. 

"There  was  an  insistent  demand  from  Lon- 
don, for  ex°mple,  by  the  British  f orei ;n  min- 
ister that  the  cabinets  of  Europe  should  be 
given  time  to  confer  with  the  governments  at 
Vienna  and  Berlin.  The  governments  at 
Vienna  and  Berlin  did  not  dare  to  admit  time 
for  discussion. 

"I  am  recalling  these  circumstances,  my  fel- 
low citizens,  because  I  want  to  point  out  to 
you  what  apparently  has  escaped  the  attention 
of  some  of  the  critics  of  the  leagne  of  nation* 
that  the  heart  of  the  league  of  nations  does 
not  lie  in  any  of  the  portions  which  have  been 
discussed  in  putlic  debate. 

"The  great  bulk  of  the  provisions  of  that 
covenant  contained  these  engagements  and 
promises  on  the  part  of  the  states  which 
undertook  to  become  members  of  it: 

"That  in  no  circumstances  will  they  go  to 
war  without  first  having  either  submitted  the 
question  to  arbitration,  in  which  case  they 
agree  to  abide  by  the  result,  or  having  sub- 
mitted the  question  to  discussion  by  the  coun- 
cil of  the  league  of  nations,  in  which  case  they 
will  allow  six  months  for  the  discussion  and 
engage  not  to  go  to  war  until  three  month* 
after  the  council  hns  announced  its  opinion 
upon  the  subject  under  dispute. 

"So  that  the  heart  of  the  covenant  of  the 
league  is  that  the  nations  solemnly  covenant 
not  to  go  to  war  for  nine  months  after  a  con- 
troversy becomes  acute. 

"If  there  had  been  nine  days  of  discussion 
Germany  would  not  have  gone  to  war.  Ii 
there  had  been  nine  days  within  which  to 
bring  to  bear  the  opinion  of  the  world,  the 
judgment  of  mankind,  upon  the  purposes  of 
these  governments,  they  never  would  have 
dared  to  execute  those  purposes. 

ARTICLE  X.  EXPLAINED. 

"You  have  heard  a  great  deal  about  article 
X.  of  the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations. 
Article  X.  speaks  the  conscience  of  the  world. 
Article  X.  is  the  article  which  goes  to  the 
heart  of  this  whole  bad  business,  for  that 
article  says  that  the  members  of  this  league 
—and  that  is  intended  to  be  all  the  great  na- 
tions of  the  world — engage  to  resist  and  pre- 
serve against  all  external  aggression  the  ter- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


703 


ritorial  integrity  and  political  independence  of 
the  nations  concerned. 

-That  promise  is  necessary  in  order  to  pre- 
vent this  sort  of  war  recurring-  and  we  are 
IbSolutely  discredited  if  we  fought  this  war 
and  then  neglect  the  essential  safeguard 

a&"You  have  heard  it  said,  my  fellow  citizens. 
that  we  are  robbed  of  some  .degree  of  our 
sovereign  independence  of  choice  by  articles 
of  that  sort  Every  man  who  makes  a  choice 
to  respect  the  rights  of  his  neighbors  deprives 
himself  of  absolute  sovereignty,  but  he  does 
it  by  promising  never  to  do  wrong  and  I  can- 
not for  one.  see  anything-  that  robs  me  of  any 
inherent  right  that  I  ought  to  retain  when 

n1  5?ifit  "nt'ence  of  article 


ing    political    independence     not    only   of   the 
other  member  states,  but  of  all  states  and  . 
any    member    of    the    league    disregards    that 

"^SS*™  S^e^gue  advises  what 
should  be  done  to  enforce  the  respect  for  that 
covenant  on  the  part  of  the  nation  attempt- 
ing to  violate  it.  And  there  is  no  compulsion 
upon  us  to  take  that  advice-except  the  com- 
pulsion of  our  good  conscience  and  judgment 
"So  that  it  is  perfectly  evident  that  if.  in 
the  judgment  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States  the  council  adjudged  this  was  not  an 
occasion  for  the  use  of  *««*£?",£££  of 
no  necessity  on  the  part  of  the  congress  o. 
the  United  States  to  vote  the  use  of  force. 
But  ttSnTcoSld  be  no  advice  of  the  council  on 
any  such  subject  without  a  unanimous  vote. 
and  the  unanimous  vote  would  include  our 

°W'And  if  we  accepted  the  advice  we  would 
be  accepting  our  own  advice.  For  1  neec 
not  tell  you  that  the  representatives  of  the 
government  of  the  United  States  would  not 
vote  without  instructions  from  their  govern- 
ment at  home  and  that  what  we  united  in 
advising  we  could  be  certain  that  our  people 
would  desire  to  do. 

"There  is  in  that  covenant  n9t  one  note 
of  surrender  of  the  independent  judgment  of 
the  government  of  the  United  States,  but  an 
expression  of  it.  because  that  independent 
judgment  would  have  to  join  with  the  judg- 

™  But  'whin"*'  that  judgment  going  to  be 
expressed,  my  fellow  citizens?  Only  after  it 
is  evident  that  every  other  resource  has  failed. 
And  I  want  to  call  your  attention  to  the  cen- 
tral machinery  of  the  league  of  nations. 

"If  any  member  of  that  league,  or  any  na- 
tion not  a  member,  refuses  to  submit  the  Ques- 
tion at  issue  either  to  arbitration  or  .to  dis- 
cussion by  the  council  there  ensues  automati- 
cally. by  the  engagements  of  this  covenant,  an  - 
absolute  economic  boycott. 

"There  will  be  no  trade  with  that  nation 
by  any  member  of  the  league:  there  will 
be  no  interchange  of  communication  by  post 
or  telegraph;  there  will  be  no  travel  to  or 
from  that  nation:  its  borders  will  be  closed: 
no  citizen  of  any  other  state  will  be  allowed 
to  enter  it  and  no  one  of  its  citizens  will 
be  allowed  to  leave  it. 

"It  will  be  hermetically  sealed  by  the  united 
action  of  the  most  powerful  nations  of  the 
world,  and  if  this  economic  boycott  bears  with 
unequal  weight  the  members  of  the  league 
agree  to  support  one  another  and  to  relieve 
one  another  in  any  exceptional  disadvantages 
that  may  arise  out  of  it. 

"And  I  want  you  to  realize  that  this  war 
was  won  not  only  by  the  armies  of  the  world 
but  it  was  won  by  economic  means  as  well. 
Without  the  economic  means  the  war  would 
have  been  much  longer  continued.  What  hap- 


pened was  that  Germany  was  shut  off  from 
the  economic  resources  of  the  rest  of  the 
globe  and  she  could  not  stand  it:  and  a  na- 
tion that  is  boycotted  is  a  nation  that  is 
in  sight  of  surrender. 

"Apply  this  economic,  peaceful,  silent  deadly 
remedy  and  there  will  be  no  need  for  force. 
It  is  a  terrible  remedy.  It  does  not  cost 
a  life  outside  the  nation  boycotted,  but  it 
brings  a  pressure  upon  that  nation  which,  in 
my  judgment,  no  modern  nation  could  re- 

"I  want  you  to  notice  another  interesting- 
point  that  has  never  been  dilated  upon  in 
connection  with  the  league  of  nations  I  am 
now  treading  upon  delicate  ground  and  I  must 
express  myself  with  caution. 

'There  were  a  good  many  delegations  that 
visited  Pans  waiting  to  be  heard  by  the  peace 
conference  who  had  real  causes  to  present 
and  which  ought  to  be  presented  to  the  view 
of  the  world. 

"But  we  had  to  point  out  to  them  that  they 
did  not  happen,  unfortunately,  to  come  within 
the  area  of  settlement:  that  their  question* 
were  not  questions  which  were  necessarily 
drawn  into  the  things  that  we  were  de- 
ciding. *  *  * 

"I  therefore  want  to  call  your  attention,  if 
you  will  look  it  UP  when  you  g-o  home,  to 
article  XI..  following  article  X.  of  the  cov- 
enant of  the  league  of  nations. 

"That  article  XI.  let  me  say,  is  the  favorite 
article  in  the  treaty  so  far  as  I  am  concerned. 
It  says  that  every  matter  which  is  likely  to 
affect  the  peace  of  the  world  is  everybody'* 
business  and  that  it  shall  be  the  friendly  right 
of  any  nation  to  call  attention  in  the  league 
to  anything  that  is  likely  to  affect  the  peace 
pi  the  world  or  the  good  understanding  be- 
tween nations,  upon  which  the  peace  of  the 
world  depends,  whether  that  matter  immediate- 
ly concerns  the  nation  drawing  attention  to  it 
or  not. 

"There  is  not  an  oppressed  people  in  the 
world  which  cannot,  henceforth,  get  a  hear- 
ing at  that  forum.  And  you  know,  my  fellow 
citizens,  what  a  hearing  will  mean  if  the 
cause  of  that  people  is  just. 

"There  is  another  thing  in  this  covenant, 
which  was  one  of  a  number  of  difficulties 
that  we  encountered  at  Paris.  I  need  not 
tell  you  that  at  every  turn  in  these  discussion* 
we  came  across  some  secret  treaty,  some  under- 
standing that  had  never  been  made  public 
before:  some  understanding  that  embarrassed 
the  whole  settlement. 

"I  think  it  will  not  be  improper  for  me  to 
refer  to  one  of  those  matters.  When  we  came 
to  the  settlement  of  the  Shantung  question 
with  regard  to  China  we  found  that  Great 
Britain  and  France  were  under  specific  treaty 
obligations  to  Japan  that  she  should  get  exact- 
ly what  she  got  in  the  treaty  with  Germany, 
and  the  most  that  we  could  do — I  mean  the 
most  that  the  United  States  could  do— was  to 
urge  upon  the  representatives  of  Japan  the 
very  fatal  policy  that  was  involved  in  such  a 
settlement  and  obtain  from  her  the  promise, 
which  she  gave,  that  she  would  not  take  ad- 
vantage of  those  portions  of  the  treaty,  but 
would  return,  without  qualification,  the  sove- 
reignty which  Germany  had  enjoyed  in  Shan- 
tuner  province  to  the  republic  of  China. 

"We  have  had  repeated  assurances  since- 
then  that  Japan  intends  to  fulfill  those  prom- 
ises in  absolute  good  faith.  But  my  present 
point  is  that  there  stood  at  the  very  gate  of 
that  settlement  a  secret  treaty  between  Japan 
and  two  of  the  great  powers  engaged  in  this 
war  on  our  side. 

"This  war  had  been  fought,  in  part,  because 
of  the  refusal  to  observe  the  fidelity  which  is 
involved  in  a  promise,  in  a  failure  to  regard 
the  fairness  of  treaties.  And  this  covenant 


704 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


of  the  league  of  nations  provides  that  no  se- 
cret treaty  shall  have  any  validity." 
OPPOSITION  ILLOGICAL. 

From  Indianapolis  President  Wilson  proceed- 
ed to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  made  two 
addresses  Sept.  5,  one  to  business  men  at  a 
luncheon  and  the  other  to  an  audience  of 
10,000  in  the  Coliseum.  At  the  mass  meeting 
the  president  said: 

"I  have  sought — I  think  without  prejudice — 
to  understand  the  point  of  view  of  the  men 
who  have  been  opposing  the  treaty  and  the 
covena-nt  of  the  league  of  nations.  Many  of 
them  are  men  whose  judgment  and  patriotic 
feeling  I  have  been  accustomed  to  admire  and 
respect.  And  yet  I  must  admit  to  you,  my 
fellow  countrymen,  that  it  is  very  hard  for  me 
to  believe  that  they  have  followed  their  line 
of  thinking  to  its  logical  and  necessary  con- 
clusion, because,  when  you  reflect  upon  their 
position,  it  is  either  that  we  ought  to  reject 
this  treaty  altogether  or  that  we  ought  to 
change  it  in  such  a  way  as  will  make  it  neces- 
sary to  reopen  negotiations  with  Germany  and 
reconsider  the  settlements  of  the  peace  in  many 
essential  particulars.  I  think  that  is  a  reason- 
able and  conservative  statement. 

"If  the  world  is  going  bankrupt,  if  credit 
is  going  to  be  destroyed,  if  the  industry  of  the 
races  of  the  world  is  going  to  be  interrupted, 
our  market  will  be  confined  to  the  United 
States:  trade  will  be  impossible  except  within 
our  own  borders.  If  we  are  to  save  our  own 
markets  and  rehabilitate  our  own  industries  we 
must  save  the  financial  situation  of  the  world 
and  rehabilitate  the  markets  of  the  world. 

"Germany  cannot  pay  for  this  war  unless 
her  industries  are  revived,  and  the  treaty  of 
peace  sets  up  a  great  commission  known  as  the 
reparation  commission,  in  which  it  was  intend- 
ed that  there  should  be  a  member  from  the 
United  States  as  well  as  from  other  countries, 
and  the  business  of  this  commission  will  be,  in 
part,  to  see  that  the  industries  of  Germany  are 
revived  in  order  that  Germany  may  pay  this 
srreat  debt  which  she  owes  to  civilization. 

"That  reparation  commission  can  determine 
the  currents  of  trade,  the  conditions  of  credit, 
of  international  credit:  it  can  determine  how 
much  Germany  is  going  to  buy,  where  it  is 
going  to  buy.  and  how  it  is  going  to  pay:  and 
if  we  must,  to  save  ourselves,  contribute  to 
the  financial  rehabilitation  of  the  world,  then, 
without  being  members  of  this  partnership,  we 
must  put  our  money  in  the  hands  of  those  who 
want  to  get  the  markets  that  belong  to  us. 

"That  is  what  these  gentlemen  call  playing 
a  lone  hand.  It  is,  indeed,  playing  a  lone 
hand:  it  is  playing  a  hand  that  is  frozen  out. 
We  must  contribute  the  money  which  other 
nations  are  to  use  in  order  to  rehabilitate  their 
industry  and  credit,  and  we  must  make  them 
our  antagonists  and  rivals  and  not  our  part- 
ners. I  put  that  proposition  to  any  business 
man.  young  or  old,  in  the  United  States,  and 
ask  him  how  he  likes  it.  and  whether  he  con- 
siders that  a  useful  way  for  the  United  States 
to  stand  alone. 

"We  have  got  to  carry  this  burden  of  recon- 
struction, whether  we  will  or  not,  or  be  ruined, 
and  the  question  is  shall  we  carry  it  and  be 
ruined  anyhow;  these  gentlemen  propose  that 
at  every  point  we  shall  be  embarrassed  by  the 
whole  financial  affairs  of  the  world  being  in 
the  hands  of  other  nations. 

"The  men  who  propose  these  things  do  not 
understand  the  selfish  interests  of  the  United 
States.  Because  here  is  the  rest  of  the  picture 
—hot  rivalries,  burning  suspicions,  jealousies, 
arrangements  made  everywhere,  if  possible,  to 
shut  us  out  because,  if  we  won't  come  in  as 
equals,  we  ought  to  be  shut  out. 

"As  it  stands  now.  every  nation  trusts  us. 
They  look  to  us.  They  long  that  we  shall 
undertake  anything  for  their  assistance  rather 


than  that  any  other  nation  should  undertake 
it.  And  if  we  say  we  are  in  this  world  to  live 
by  ourselves  and  get  what  we  can  out  of  it  by 
any  selfish  process,  then  the  reaction  will 
change  the  whole  heart  and  attitude  of  the 
world  toward  this  great,  free,  justice-loving 
people,  and  after  you  have  changed  the  atti- 
tude of  the  world  what  have  you  produced— 
peace? 

"Why,  my  fellow  citizens,  is  there  any  man 
here,  or  any  woman — let  me  say,  is  there  any 
child  here,  who  does  not  know  that  the  seed 
of  war  in  the  modern  world  is  industrial  and 
commercial  rivalry? 

"Ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  do  not  say  it  be- 
cause I  am  an  American  and  my  heart  is  full 
of  the  same  pride  that  fills  yours  with  regard 
to  the  power  and  the  spirit  of  this  great 
nation,  but  merely  because  it  is  a  fact,  which 
I  think  everybody  wpuld  admit,  outside  of 
America  as  well  as  inside  of  America,  the 
organization  contemplated  by  the  league  of 
nations,  without  the  United  States,  would 
merely  be  an  alliance  and  not  a  league  of 
nations. 

"It  would  be  an  alliance  in  which  the  part- 
nership would  be  between  the  more  powerful 
European  nations  and  Japan,  and  the  other 
party  to  the  world  arrangement — the  antag- 
onists, the  disassociative  party,  the  party  to 
be  standing  off  and  to  be  watched  by  the  alli- 
ance—would be  the  United  States  of  America. 

"There  can  be  no  league  of  nations  in  the 
true  sense  without  the  partnership  of  this 
great  people. 

"This  war  was  a  commercial  and  industrial 
war.  It  was  not  a  political  war.  Very  well, 
then,  if  we  must  stand  apart  and  be  the  hostile 
rivals  of  the  rest  of  the  world,  we  must  do 
something  else;  we  must  be  physically  ready 
for  anything  to  come.  We  must  have  a  great 
standing  army.  We  must  see  to  it  that  every 
man  in  America  is  trained  to  arms.  We  must 
see  to  it  that  there  are  munitions  and  guns 
enough  for  an  army.  That  means  a  mobilized 
nation.  The  arms  are  not  only  laid  up  in  store 
but  they  are  kept  up  to  date  so  that  they  are 
ready  to  use  to-morrow. 

"And  what  does  that  mean?  Reduction  of 
taxes?  No.  Not  only  the  continuation  of  the 
present  taxes  but  the  increase  of  the  present 
taxes.  It  means  something  very  much  more 
serious  than  that.  We  can  stand  that,  so  far 
as  the  expense  is  concerned,  if  we  care  to  keep 
up  the  high  cost  of  living-  and  enjoy  the  other 
luxuries  that  we  have  recently  enjoyed. 

"But.  what  is  much  more  serious  than  that, 
we  have  got  to  have  the  sort  of  organization 
which  is  the  only  kind  of  organization  that 
can  handle  armies  of  that  sort.  We  may  say 
what  we  please  of  the  German  government 
that  has  been  destroyed,  my  fellow  citizens, 
but  it  was  the  only  sort  of  government  that 
could  handle  an  armed  nation.  You  cannot  han- 
dle an  armed  nation  by  vote.  You  cannot  han- 
dle an  armed  nation  if  it  is  democratic,  because 
democracies  do  not  go  to  war  that  way.  You 
have  got  to  have  concentrated,  militaristic 
organization  of  government  to  run  a  nation  of 
that  sort. 

"The  financial  leadership  will  be  ours;  the 
industrial  supremacy  will  be  ours:  the  com- 
mercial advantage  will  be  ours,  and  the  other 
countries  of  the  world  will  look  to  us,  and, 
shall  I  say,  are  looking  to  us,  for  leadership 
and  direction. 

"Very  well,  then,  if  I  am  to  compete  with  the 
critics  of  this  league  and  of  this  treaty,  as  a 
selfish  American,  I  say  I  want  to  get  in  and 
get  in  as  quick  as  I  can ;  I  want  to  be  inside  and 
know  how  the  thing  is  run  and  help  to  run  it. 

"So  then  you  have  the  alternative,  armed 
isolation  or  peaceful  partnership.  Can  any  sane 
man  hesitate  as  to  the  choice,  and  can  any 
sane  man  ask  a  question,  which  is  the  way 
of  peace? 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


706 


"I  dare  say  that  you  have  heard  about  this 
article  X.  Well,  there  are  twenty-five  other 
articles  in  it  and  all  of  them  are  about  some- 
thing1 else.  They  discuss  how  soon  and  how 
quick  we  can  get  out  of  it  (the  leagrue) .  Well, 
I  am  not  a  quitter,  for  one.  We  can  get  out 
just  as  soon  as  we  want  to.  but  we  don't  want 
to  get  out  just  as  soon  as  we  get  in. 

"And  then  they  talk  about  the  Monroe  doc- 
trine, when  it  expressly  says  that  nothing1  in 
that  instrument  shall  be  construed  as  affecting 
in  any  way  the  validity  of  the  Monroe  doc- 
tries.  It  says  so  in  so  many  words." 

ESSENTIAL  OBJECT  OF  TREATY. 

In  addressing1  the  St.  Louis  business  men  at 
the  noonday  luncheon  President  Wilson  said 
in  part: 

"I  have  sometimes  heard  gentlemen  discuss- 
ing1 the  questions  that  are  now  before  us  with 
a  distinction  drawn  between  nationalism  and 
internationalism  in  these  matters.  It  is  very 
difficult  for  me  to  follow  their  distinction.  The 
present  nationalist  is  the  man  who  wants  his 
nation  to  >be  the  greatest  nation,  and  the  great- 
est nation  is  the  nation  which  penetrates  to 
the  heart  of  its  duty  and  mission  among1  the 
nations  of  the  world. 

"One  of  the  most  interesting1  things  that  I 
realized  after  I  got  to  the  other  side  of  the 
water  was  that  the  mental  attitude  of  the 
French  people  with  regard  to  the  settlement  of 
this  war  was  largely  determined  by  the  fact 
that  for  nearly  fifty  years  they  had  expected 
,  it.  We  cannot,  we  will  not  live  another  fifty 
years  under  the  cloud  of  that  terror. 

"One  of  the  centers  of  all  the  bad  business 
was  in  Constantinople.  And  that  was  because 
Constantinople  was  the  key  to  the  weak  part 
of  Europe.  That  was  where  the  pawns  were: 
not  the  kings  and  the  queens  and  castles  and 
the  bishops  and  the  rest  of  the  chess  game  of 
polities,  but  the  little  pawns. 

"And  every  international  conference  that  pre- 
ceded the  conference  at  Paris  had  been  intend- 
ed to  complete  and  consummate  the  arrange- 
ments for  that  game. 

"The  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany  is  a  char- 
ter and  constitution  of  a  new  system  for  the 
world,  and  that  new  system  is  based  upon  an 
absolute  reversal  of  the  principles  of  the  old 
system.  The  essential  object  of  that  treaty  is 
to  establish  the  independence  and  protect  the 
integrity  of  the  weak  peoples  of  the  world. 

"There  can  hereafter  be  no  secret  treaties. 
The  provision  of  the  covenant  is  that  every 
treaty  or  international  understanding  shall  be, 
registered.  I  believe  the  word  is.  with  the  gen- 
eral secretary  of  the  league;  that  the  general 
secretary  shall  publish  it  in  full  just  as  soon 
as  it  is  possible  for  him  to  publish  it;  that  no 
treaty  shall  be  valid  which  ia  not  thus  regis- 
tered. 

"It  was  very  embarrassing,  my  fellow  citi- 
zens, when  you  thought  you  were  approaching 
an  ideal  solution  of  a  momentous  question  to 
find  that  some  of  your  principal  colleagues 
had  given  the  whole  thing  away.  And  that 
leads  me  to  speak  just  in  passing  Of  what  has 
given  a  great  many  people  unnatural  distress. 
I  mean  the  Shantung  settlement:  the  settle- 
ment with  regard  to  a  portion  of  the  province 
of  Shantung  in  China. 

"Great  Britain  and  others,  as  everybody 
now  knows,  in  order  to  make  it  more  certain 
that  Japan  would  come  into  the  war  and  BO 
assist  to  clear  the  Pacific  of  the  German  fleets, 
had  promised  that  any  rights  that  Germany 
had  in  China  should  in  the  case  of  the  victory 
of  the  allies  pass  to  Japan.  There  was  no  qual- 
ification in  the  promise.  She  was  to  get  exact- 
ly what  Germany  had. 

"And  so  the  only  thing  that  was  possible 
was  to  induce  Japan  to  promise — and  I  want 
to  say  in  all  fairness,  for  it  wouldn't  be  fair  if 
I  didn't  say  it — that  Japan  did  very  handsomely 


make  the  promises  which  were  requested  of 
her — that  she  would  retain  in  Shantung  none 
of  the  sovereign  rights  which  Germany  had 
enjoyed  there,  but  would  return  the  sovereign- 
ty without  qualification  to  China,  and  retain 
in  Shantung  province  only  what  other  nation- 
alities had  elsewhere:  Economic  rights  with 
regard  to  development  and  administration  of 
the  railway  and  of  certain  mines  which  had 
become  attached  to  the  railway.  That  is  her 
promise. 

"And  suppose  that  we  said  we  wouldn't 
assent.  England  and  others  must  assent,  and 
if  we  are  going  to  get  Shantung  province  back 
for  China,  and  those  gentlemen  don't  want  to 
engage  in  foreign  wars,  how  are  we  going  to 
get '  it  back  ? 

"Their  idea  of  not  getting  into  trouble  seems 
to  be  to  stand  for  the  greatest  possible  num- 
ber of  unworkable  propositions.  All  very  well 
to  talk  about  standing  by  China !  But  how 
are  you  standing  by  China  when  you  withdraw 
from  the  only  arrangements  by  which  China 
can  be  assisted? 

"If  you  are  China's  friend,  but  don't  go  into 
the  council  where  you  can  act  as  China's 
friend— if  you  are  China's  friend,  then  put  her 
in  a  position  where  these  concessions  which 
have  been  made  need  not  be  carried  out:  if  you 
are  China's  friend,  scuttle  and  run.  That  is 
not  the  kind  of  American  I  am." 

•    PROVIDE:  FOR  DISARMAMENT. 

Arriving  in  Kansas  City.  Mo.,  on  the  morn- 
ing of  Sept.  6.  President  Wilson  spoke  to  a 
gathering  of  20.000  persons  in  Convention  hall. 
In  his  address  he  said  among  other  things: 

"There  was  another  thing  that  we  needed  to 
accomplish,  that  is  accomplished  in  this  docu- 
ment. We  wanted  disarmament  and  this  docu- 
ment provides  in  the  only  possible  way  for  dis- 
armament by  common  agreement.  Observe,  my 
fellow  citizens,  that  just  now  every  great  fight- 
ing nation  in  the  world  is  a  member  of  this 
partnership  except  Germany,  and  inasmuch  as 
Germany  has  accepted  a  limitation  of  her 
army  to  100.000  men.  I  don't  think  for  the 
time  being  she  may  be  regarded  as  a  great 
fighting  nation. 

"And  you  know,  my  fellow  citizens,  that 
armaments  mean  great  standing  armies  and 
great  stores  of  war  material.  They  do  not 
mean  burdensome  taxation  merely,  they  do  not 
rr.ean  merely  compulsory  military  service,  which 
saps  the  economic  strength  of  the  nation,  but 
they  mean  the  building  up  of  a  military  class. 
Again  and  again,  my  fellow  citizens,  in  the 
conference  at  Paris  we  were  face  to  face  with 
this  situation: 

"That  in  dealing  with  a  particular  civil  gov- 
ernment we  found  that  they  would  not  dare  to 
promise  what  their  general  staff  was  not  will- 
ing that  they  should  promise:  and  that  they 
were  dominated  by  the  military  machine  which 
they  had  created,  nominally  for  their  own 
defense,  but  really— whether  they  willed  it  or 
not — 'for  the  provocation  of  war. 

"And  so  long  as  you  have  a  military  class  it 
does  not  make  any  difference  what  your  form 
of  government  is.  If  you  are  determined  to  be 
armed  to  the  teeth,  you  must  obey  the  orders 
an'd  directions  of  the  only  men  who  can  con- 
trol the  great  machinery  of  war. 

"It  is  not  merely  the  cost  of  it  [armament], 
although  that  is  overwhelming,  but  it  is  the 
spirit  of  it.  and  America  has  never  had  and 
I  hope  in  the  providence  of  God  never  will 
have  that  spirit. 

"And  there  is  no  other  way  to  dispense  with 
great  armaments  except  by  the  common  agree- 
ment of  the  fighting  nations  of  the  world.  And 
here  is  the  agreement.  They  promise  disarma- 
ment, and  promise  to  agree  upon  a  plan. 

"My  fellow  citizens,  it  does  not  make  any 
difference  what  kind  of  minority  governs 
you.  if  it  is  a  minority.  And  the  thing  we 


706 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


must  see  to  is  that  no  minority  anywhere  mas- 
ters the  majority.  That  is  at  the  heart,  my 
fellow  citizens,  of  the  tragical  things  that  are 
happening  in  that  great  country  which  we  long 
to  help  and  can  find  no  way  that  is  effective 
to  help — I  mean  the  great  realm  of  Russia. 

"The  men  who  are  now  measurably  in  con- 
trol of  the  affairs  of  Russia  represent  nobody 
but  themselves.  They  have  again  and  again 
been  challenged  to  call  a  constitutional  con- 
vention. They  have  again  and  again  been 
challenged  to  prove  that  they  have  some  kind 
of  mandate  even  from  a  single  class  of  their 
fellow  citizens.  And  they  dared  not  attempt  it; 
they  have  no  mandate  from  anybody. 

"There  are  only  thirty-four  of  them,  I  am 
told,  and  there  were  more  than  thirty-four 
men  who  used  to  control  the  destinies  of 
Europe  from  Wilhelmstrasse.  There  is  a  closer 
monopoly  of  power  in  Petrograd  and  Moscow 
than  there  ever  was  in  Berlin,  and  the  thing 
that  is  intolerable  is  not  that  the  Russian  peo- 
ple are  having  their  way  but  that  another 
group  of  men  more  cruel  than  the  czar  him- 
self is  controlling  the  destinies  of  that  great 
people. 

"And  if  anybody  dares  to  defeat  this  great 
experiment,  then  they  must  gather  together  the 
counselors  of  the  world  and  do  something 
better. 

"If  there -is  a  better  scheme,  I.  for  one  will 
subscribe  to  it:  but  I  want  to'  say  now.  as  1 
said  the  other  night,  that  it  is  a  case  of  put 
•up  or  shut  up.  Negation  will  not  save  the 
world.  Opposition  constructs  nothing.  Opposi- 
tion is  the  specialty  of  those  who  are  bolshe- 
vistically  inclined. 

"Again  I  assure  you  I  am  not  comparing  any 
of  my  respected  colleagues  to  bolshevists,  but 
I  am  merely  pointing  out  that  the  bolshe- 
vistic spirit  lacks  every  element  of  constructive 
opposition.  They  have  destroyed  everything 
and  they  have  proposed  nothing. 

"And  while  there  is  common  abhorrence  for 
political  bolshevism.  I  hope  there  will  not  be 
any  such  thing  grow  up  in  our  country  as 
international  bolshevism,  the  bolshevism  that 
destroys  the  cpnstructive  work  of  men  who 
have  conscientiously  striven  to  cement  the 
good  feeling  of  the  great  peoples  of  the  world. 

"We  have  a  problem  ahead  of  us  that  ought 
to  interest  us  in  this  connection.  We  have 
promised  the  people  of  the  Philippine  islands 
that  we  will  set  them  free.  It  has  been  one  of 
our  perplexities  how  we  should  make  them 
safe  after  we  set  them  free.  Under  this 
arrangement  they  will  be  safe  from  the  outset. 
They  will  become  members  of  the  league  of 
nations  and  every  great  nation  in  the  W9rld 
will  be  obliged  to  respect  and  preserve  against 
external  aggression  from  any  quarter  the  terri- 
torial integrity  and  political  independence  of 
the  Philippines." 

MEANING  OF  REVOLUTION. 

In  an  address  delivered  at  the  Coliseum  in 
Des  Moines.  Iowa,  on  the  evening  of  Sept.  6, 
President  Wilson  said: 

"Men  look  you  calmly  in  the  face  in  America 
and  say  they  are  for  revolution,  when  that  sort 
of  revolution  means  government  by  terror,  gov- 
ernment by  force,  not  government  by  vote.  It 
is  the  negative  of  everything  that  is  American, 
but  it  is  spreading,  and  will  spread  as  long  as 
disorder  continues,  as  long  as  the  world  is 
kept  waiting  for  the  answer  to  the  question, 
'What  kind  of  peace  are  we  going  to  have?' 

"What  kind  of  guaranties  are  there  to  be 
behind  that  peace,  that  that  poison  will  not 
constantly  spread,  more  and  more  rapidly 
spread,  until  it  may  even  be  that  this  beloved 
land  of  ours  will  be  distracted  by  it?  That  is 
what  is  concerning  me.  my  fellow  countrymen. 
I  know  the  splendid  steadiness  of  the  Ameri- 
can people,  but.  my  fellow  citizens,  the  whole 
world  needs  that  steadiness,  and  the  American 


people  are  the  make-weight  in  the  fortunes  of 
mankind. 

"How  long  are  we  going  to  debate  into  which 
school  we  will  throw  that  magnificent  equi- 
poise that  belongs  to  us?  How  long  shall  we 
be  kept  waiting  for  the  answer  whether  the 
world  may  trust  us  or  despise  us?  They 
have  looked  to  us  for  leadership;  they  have 
looked  to  us  for  example;  they  have  built 
their  peace  upon  the  basis  of  our  suggestion; 
that  great  volume  that  contains  the  treaty  of 
peace  is  drawn  along  the  specifications  laid 
down  by  the  American  government. 

"And  now  the  world  stands  amazed  because 
an  authority  in  America  hesitates  whether  it 
will  indorse  an  American  document  or  not. 

"Do  you  realize,  my  fellow  citizens,  that 
all  through  the  world  the  one  central  question 
of  civilization  is  what  shall  be  the  conditions 
of  labor?  The  profoundest  unrest  in  Europe 
is  due  to  the  doubt  what  shall  be  the  condi- 
tions of  labor.  And  I  need  not  tell  you  that 
the  unrest  is  spreading  to  America. 

"In  the  midst  of  the  document,  in  the  midst 
of  the  treaty  oi  peace,  is  a  Magna  Charta,  a 
great  guaranty  for  labor  and  all  labor  shall 
have  the  councils  of  the  world  devoted  to  the 
discussion  of  its  conditions  and  of  its  better- 
ment, and  labor  all  over  the  world  is  waiting- 
as  to  whether  America  is  going  to  take  part 
in  these  conferences  or  not. 

"The  confidence  of  the  men  who  sat  at 
Paris  wa.s  such  that  they  put  it  in  the  docu- 
ment that  the  first  meeting  of  the  labor  con- 
ference under  that  part  of  the  treaty  should 
take  place  in  Washington  upon  the  invitation 
of  the  president  of  the  United  States. 

"I  am  going  to  issue  that  invitation  whether 
we  can  attend  the  conference  or  not.  But 
think  of  the  mortification,  think  of  standing 
by  in  Washington  itself  and  seeing  the  world 
take  counsel  upon  the  fundamental  matter  of 
civilization  without  taking  part.  The  thing:  is 
inconceivable,  but  it  is  true. 

"The  isolation  of  the  United  States  is  at 
an  end,  not  because  we  chose  to  go  into  the 
politics  of  the  world,  but  because  of  the  sheer 
genius  of  this  people  and  the  growth  of  our 
power  we  have  become  a  determining  factor  in 
the  history  of  mankind  and,  after  you  have 
become  a  determining  factor,  you  cannot  re- 
main isolated  whether  you  want  to  or  not. 

"Isolation  ended  by  the  processes  of  history, 
not  by  the  processes  of  our  independent  choice. 
And  the  processes  of  history  merely  fulfill  the 
prediction  of  the  men  who  founded  our  repub- 
lic." 

ABOUT  RESERVATIONS. 

In  a  speech  delivered  in  the  Auditorium  at 
Omaha,  Neb.,  on  the  morning  of  Sept.  8  Presi- 
dent Wilson  said: 

'I  did  not  come  here  this  morning  so  much 
to  expound  upon  the  treaty,  as  to  talk  about 
these  things  we  call  reservations.  A  reserva- 
tion is  an  assent  with  a  'but'  to  it.  'We  agree, 
but.'  Now,  I  want  to  call  your  attention  to 
some  of  these  buts.  I  will  take  them  as  far 
as  I  can  in  the  order  in  which  they  deal 
with  the  clauses  of  the  league  itself. 

"In  the  first  article  of  the  covenant  it  is 
provided  that  a  nation  can  withdraw  from  the 
league  on  two  years'  notice,  provided  that,  at 
the  time  9f  this  withdrawal— that  is  to  say. 
at  the  expiration  of  the  two  years — it  has  ful- 
filled all  its  international  obligations  and  all 
its  obligations  under  the  covenant. 

"But  some  of  our  friends  are  very  uneasy 
about  that.  They  want  to  sit  close  to  the 
door  and  with  their  hand  on  the  knob,  and 
they  want  to  say:  'We  are  in  this  thing,  but 
we  are  in  it  with  infinite  timidity  and  we  are 
in  it  only  because  you  overpersuaded  us,  and 
wanted  us  to  come  in,  but  we  are  going  to  tit 
here  and  try  this  door  every  once  in  a  while 
and  see  it  isn't  locked,  and  just  as  soon  a*  ve 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


707 


see  anything  we  don't  like  we  are  going  to 
scuttle.' 

"Now.  what  is  the  trouble?  I  want  you 
to  put  this  to  every  man  you  know  who 
makes  this  objection.  What  is  he  afraid  of? 
Is  he  afraid  that  when  the  United  States 
wishes  to  withdraw  it  will  not  have  fulfilled 
its  international  obligations?  Is  he  willing 
to  bring  that  indictment  against  this  beloved 
country? 

"My  fellow  citizens,  we  never  did  fail  to 
fulfill  any  obligations  we  have  made.  And 
with  God  to  guide  and  help  us.  we  never  will. 
And  I  for  one  am  not  going  to  admit  in  any 
connection  the  slightest  doubt  that  if  we 
ever  choose  to  withdraw  we  will  then  have 
fulfilled  our  obligations. 

"I  have  already  adverted  to  their  difficulties 
under  article  X..  and  will  not  return  to  those. 
That  difficulty  is  merely  as  I  represented  it 
just  now;  they  don't  want  to  go  in  as  part- 
ners: they  want  to  go  in  as  late  joiners,  be- 
cause they  all  admit  that,  in  a  war  which 
imperils  the  just  arrangements  of  mankind, 
America,  the  richest,  freest  people  of  the 
world,  must  take  sides  with  the  cause.  We 
cannot  live  withput  taking  sides.  We  devoted 
ourselves  to  justice  and  liberty  when  we  were 
born,  and  we  are  not  going  to  get  senile  and 
forget  it. 

"Are  there  any  patriotic  Americans  that  de- 
sire the  method  changed?  Do  you  want  me 
to  ask  the  Germans  if  I  may  read  the  treaty 
to  them  expressed  in  the  words  the  United 
States  senate  thinks  it  ought  to  have  been 
written  in?  Do  you  see.  the  reservations  come 
down  to  this,  that  they  want  to  change  the 
language  of  the  treaty  without  changing  its 
meaning,  and  let  me  say  there  are  indications— 
I  am  not  judging  from  official  dfspatches  but 
from  the  newspapers — that  people  are  not  in 
as  good  a  humor  over  in  France  now  as  they 
were  when  I  was  there,  and  it  is  going  to  be 
more  difficult  to  get  a  new  agreement  from 
now  on  than  it  was  before,  and  after  deal- 
ing with  some  of  those  gentlemen  I  found  that 
they  were  as  ingenious  as  any  American  in  at- 
taching unexpected  meaning  to  plain  words.  I 
don't  want,  therefore,  having  gone  through  the 
mill  on  the  existing  language,  to  go  through  it 
again  on  changed  language. 

"But  I  must  not  turn  away  from  this  great 
subject  without  attention  to  the  Shantung 
clause,  the  provision  with  regard  to  the  trans- 
fer of  certain  German  rights  in  the  province 
of  Shantung,  China,  to  Japan.  I  frankly  said 
to  my  Japanese  colleagues  at  the  conference — 
therefore,  I  can  without  impropriety  say  it 
here — that  I  was  very  deeply  dissatisfied  with 
that  part  of  the  treaty. 

"But,  my  fellow  citizens.  Japan  agreed  at 
that  very  time  and  as  part  of  the  understand- 
ing upon  which  these  clauses  were  put  into 
the  treaty  that  she  would  relinquish  every 
item  of  sovereignty  that  Germany  had  en- 
joyed to  China,  and  she  would  retain  what 
other  nations  have  elsewhere  in  China,  cer- 
tain economic  concessions  with  regard  to  the 
railways  and  the  mines,  which  she  was  to 
operate  upder  a  corporation  and  subject  to  the 
laws  of  China. 

"As  I  say,  I  wish  she  could  have  done  more, 
but  suppose,  as  some  have  suggested,  that  we 
dissent  from  that  clause  in  the  treaty.  You 
can't  sign  all  of  a  treaty  except  one  part,  my 
fellow  citizens;  it  is  like  the  president's  veto; 
he  can't  veto  provisions  of  a  bill ;  he  has  arot 
either  to  sign  the  bill  or  veto.  We  can't  sign 
the  treaty  with  the  Shantung  provisipn  out  of 
it,  and  if  we  could,  what  sort  of  service  would 
that  be  doing  China? 

"If  I  felt  that  I  personally  in  any  way  stood 
in  the  way  of  this  settlement,  I  would  be  glad 
to  die  that  it  might  be  consummated,  because 
I  have  a  vision,  my  fellow  citizens,  that  if 


this  thing  should  by  some  mishap  not  be 
accomplished,  there  would  arise  from  that 
upon  the  fair  name  of  this  people  a  stain 
which  never  could  be  effaced,  which  would  be 
intolerable  to  every  lover  of  America,  intol- 
erable to  every  man  who  knew  America  ana 
was  ready  with  stout  heart  to  uphold  it." 

PRO-GERMANISM  REVIVES. 

President  Wilson,  in  a  speech  in  the  Audi- 
torium at  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.,  on  the  evening  of 
Sept.  8,  said: 

"Germany,  through  the  mouth  of  her  emper- 
or, through  her  writers,  and  through  every 
action  said :  'Here  we  stand  ready  to  take  care 
of  ourselves.  We  will  not  enter  into  any  com- 
bination. We  are  armed  for  self-defense  and 
we  know  that  no  nation  can  compete  with  us.' 

"That  appears  to  be  the  American  program 
in  the  eyes  of  some  gentlemen,  and  I  want  to 
tell  you  that  in  the  last  two  weeks  the  pro- 
German  element  has  lifted  its  head  again.  It 
says:  'I  see  a  chance  for  Germany  and  America 
to  stay  out  and  take  care  of  themselves.  Not 
as  partners  or  allies,  perhaps,  but  we  Ameri- 
cans will  play  the  same  role  as  the  Germans.' 

"Under  the  old  order  that  brought  us  through 
agony  and  bloody  sweat;  that  agony  where  the 
W9rld  seemed  to  be  caught  in  the  throes  of  & 
crisis  so  great  that  we  did  not  know  whether 
civilization  would  survive  or  not.  And  do  not 
believe  too  easily  that  it  is  safe  now.  There 
were  passions  let  loose  on  the  field  of  the 
world  at  war  which  have  not  grown  quiet,  and 
which  will  not  for  a  long  time.  And  every 
element  of  disorder  is  hoping  that  there  will 
be  no  staying  hand  from  the  council  of  nations 
to  hold  the  order  of  the  world  steady  until  we 
can  make  final  arrangements  for  justice  and 


"I  sometimes  think,  when  I  wake  up  in  the 
night,  of  the  wakeful  nights  that  anxious 
fathers,  mothers  and  friends  spent  during  the 
weary  years  of  the  awful  war,  and  I  hear  the 
cry  of  mothers  of  the  children,  millions  on 
the  other  side  and  thousands  on  this  side:  'In 
God's  name,  give  us  security  and  peace!' 

"America  can  stay  out,  but  I  want  you  to 
witness  that  the  peace  of  the  world  cannot  be 
established  with  the  peace  of  the  individual 
nations.  America  is  necessary  to  the  peace  of 
the  world;  the  peace  and  good  will  of  the 
world  are  necessary  to  America,  but  you  dis- 
appoint the  world,  center  its  suspicion  upon 
you,  make  it  feel  that  you  are  filled  with  jeal- 
ousy and  selfishness. 

"We  are  not  thinking  of  money;  we  are 
thinking  of  redeeming  the  reputation  of  Amer- 
ica rather  than  to  have  all  the  money  in  the 
world.  I  am  not  ready  to  die  for  money,  and 
neither  are  you,  but  you  and  I  are  ready  to 
die  for  America." 

TO  MINNESOTA  LEGISLATORS. 

Reaching  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  early  on  the 
morning  of  Sept.  9,  President  Wilson  first 
addressed  members  of  the  Minnesota  legisla- 
ture who  were  in  special  session.  In  the  course 
of  his  speech  he  said: 

"Until  the  industrial  world  is  put  on.  its 
feet  you  cannot  finally  handle  the  question  of 
the  cost  of  living,  because  the  cost  of  living, 
in  the  last  analysis,  depends  upon  the  thing 
we  are  always  talking  about  but  do  not  know 
how  to  manage,  the  law  of  supply  and  demand. 

"We  have  got  to  see  that  our  own  produc- 
tion and  our  own  methods  of  finance  and  our 
own  commerce  are  quickened  in  every  way  pos- 
sible: and  then  we.  sitting  in  legislatures  like 
this  and  in  the  congress  of  the  United  States, 
have  to  see  to  it,  if  you  will  permit  a  vulgar 
expression,  that  no  one  monkeys  with  the 
machinerv. 

"I  understand  that  one  of  the  excellent  sug- 
gestions that  were  mentioned  by  your  governor 
is  that  you  look  into  the  cold  storage.  There 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


are  other  kinds  of  storage  besides  cold  storage. 
There  are  other  ways  of  covering-  the  reserve 
stock  of  goods.  You  can  manage  by  a  contract 
that  isn't  put  on  paper  to  see  that  goods  are 
doled  out  so  as  to  bring  the  highest  prices. 

"We  might  as  well  sit  up  straight  and  look 
facts  in  the  face,  gentlemen.  The  laboring 
men  of  the  world  are  not  satisfied  with  their 
relations  with  their  employers. 

"Of  course  I  do  not  mean  to  say  that  there 
is  universal  dissatisfaction,  because  there  are 
many  instances  of  satisfaction,  but  I  am  now 
speaking  of  the  general  relations  between  cap- 
ital and  labor.  Everywhere  there  is  dissatis- 
faction, much  more  on  the  other  side  of  the 
water  than  on  this  side. 

"One  point  I  wish  to  make  is  that  the 
world  is  looking  to  America  to  set  the  stand- 
ards with  regard  to  the  conditions  of  labor 
or  the  relations  between  capital  and  labor, 
and  it  is  looking  to  us  because  we  have  been 
more  progressve  in  those  matters. 

"We  have  got  to  have  a  constructive  pro- 
gram with  regard  to  labor  and  a  method  by 
which  we  will  relieve  the  strain  of  what  you 
can  call  the  cost  of  living. 

"I  am  not  dogmatic  about  this  matter.  I 
,  can't  presume  that  I  know  how  it  should  be 
done.  I  know  the  principle  upon  which  it 
should  be  done.  The  principle  is  that  the 
interest  of  capital  and  the  interest  of  labor 
are  not  different,  but  are  the  same. 

"You  can't  any  longer  regard  labor  as  a 
-commodity.  You  have  got  to  regard  it  as  a 
means  of  association,  and  when  that  is  done 
the  production  of  the  world  is  going  to  go 
forward  by  leaps  and  bounds. 

"Why  is  it  that  labor  organizations  seriously 
limit  the  amount  of  work  they  have  in  hand 
to  do?  It  is  because  they  are  driving  hard 
.bargains.  They  don't  feel  that  they  are  your 
partners  at  all. 

"And  so  long  as  labor  and  capital  are  antag- 
onistic production  is  going  to  be  at  its  mini- 
mum. Just  59  soon  as  they  are  sympathetic 
and  co-operative  it  is  going  to  abound,  and 
that  will  be  one  of  the  means  of  bringing 
•down  the  cost  of  living, 

"America,  though  we  do  n9t  like  to  admit 
it,  has  been  very  provincial  in  regard  to  the 
world's  business.  When  we  had  to  engage  in 
banking  transactions  outside  of  the  United 
States  we  generally  did  it  through  English 
banks  or  more  often  through  German  bankers: 
and  here  all  of  a  sudden  we  are  called  upon  to 
handle  the  bulk  of  international  exchange.  We 
have  to  learn  it  and  we  have  to  learn  it  fast. 

"We  have  got  to  have  American  instrumen- 
talities in  every  part  of  the  world.  If  you  want 
to  trade  you  have  to  have  somebody  to  trade 
with. 

"All  the  world  problem  and  the  great  diffi- 
culty just  now  is  getting  our  minds  adjusted 
to  the  world.  Some  of  the  difficulties  that  are 
being  encountered  about  the  treaty  of  the 
league  of  nations  are  not  so  much  prejudice, 
but  the  thing  which  is  so  common  and  incon- 
venient— just  downright  ignorance. 

"Ignorance,  I  mean,  of  the  state  of  the  world 
and  America's  relation  to  the  state  of  the 
world.  We  have  got  to  play  our  part,  and  we 
have  got  to  play  it  either  as  board  of  directors 
or  as  outside  spectators.  We  can  play  it  inside 
or  on  the  curb,  and  you  know  how  incon- 
venient it  is  to  play  it  on  the  curb. 

"The  facts  are  marching  upon  us,  and  God 
is  marching  with  them.  You  cannot  resist 
them  and  you  must  either  welcome  them  or 
else  subsequently  and  regretfully  surrender." 

In  an  address  in  the  Kenwood  armory.  Min- 
neapolis, on  the  afternoon  of  the  9th  the  pres- 
ident said: 

"Blood  has  been  spilled  in  rivers  and  nations 
have  been  destroyed  and  they  made  up  their 
minds  that  rather  than  have  this  happen  again 


if   the   governments   cannot   get   together  they 
will  destroy  the  governments. 

"But.  in  the  meantime,  look  at  the  things 
that  are  happening.  There  isn't  a  day  goes  by 
that  my  heart  isn't  heavy  to  think  of  the 
things  the  people  in  Kussia  are  doing. 

"They  are  without  form,  and  without  order, 
and  the  danger  is  to  the  world.  We  must 
absolutely  look  to  it  that  in  this  country  that 
form  of  government  of  a  minority  of  men 
shall  not  be  set  up  here  and  elsewhere. 

"We  have  either  got  to  be  provincials  or 
statesmen.  We  have  either  got  to  be  ostriches 
or  eagles.  The  ostrich  is  being  overdone  all 
around.  I  see  gentlemen  bury  their  heads  in 
something  and  think  that  nobody  sees  that 
they  have  submerged  their  thinking  apparatus. 

"That  ia  what  I  mean  by  being  an  ostrich. 

"Now,  what  I  mean  by  being  an  eagle— I 
needn't  describe  it.  I  mean  leaving  the  mista 
lying  close  to  the  ground,  getting  upon  strong 
wings  into  those  spaces  where  you  can  see  all 
the  affairs  of  mankind,  all  the  affairs  of 
America,  seeing  how  the  world  appears." 
MEDIATORS  OP  MANKIND.  ' 

Returning  to  St.  Paul  in  the  evening-  Presi- 
dent Wilson  spoke  in  the  Auditorium.  Among 
other  things  he  said: 

"We  are  the  predestined  mediators  of  man- 
kind. 

"Really,  then,  when  I  hear  gentlemen  saying 
we  must  keep  out  of  this  thing  and  take  care 
of  ourselves.  I  ask  where  did  we  come  from? 
Is  there  nobody  else  in  the  world  that  we 
care  for? 

"Is  that  what  America  is  with  her  mixture 
of  blood?  Why,  my  fellow  citizens,  that  is  a 
fundamental  misconception  of  what  it  is  to  be 
an  American.  These  gentlemen  who  try  to  keep 
us  out  are  doing  a  harm  which  they  do  not 
realize. 

"I  want  to  testify  to  you  here  to-night,  my 
fellow  countrymen,  because  I  have  the  meana 
of  information,  that  since  it  has  seemed  to  be 
uncertain  whether  we  are  going  to  play  this 
part  of  leadership  in  the  world,  the  old  in- 
trigues have  started  up  in  the  country  again. 

"That  hyphen  which  looked  to  us  like  a 
snake,  the  hyphen  between  German  and  Amer- 
ican, has  reared  its  ugly  head  again.  You  hear 
the  hiss  of  its  purpose,  and  what  is  that 
purpose  ? 

"It  is  to  keep  America  out  of  the  concert  of 
nations  in  order  that  America  and  Germany, 
being  out  of  that  concert,  may  some  time  in 
their  mistaken  dream  unite  to  dominate  the 
world,  or  at  any  rate  the  one  to  assist  the 
other  in  holding  the  nations  of  the  world  off 
while  its  ambitions  are  realized. 

"There  is  no  conjecture  about  this,  my  fel- 
low citizens.  We  know  the  former  purposes 
of  German  intrigue  in  this  country,  and  they 
are  being  revived.  Why? 

"We  haven't  reduced  very  materially  the 
number  of  German  people.  Germany  remains 
the  great  power  of  central  Europe.  She  has 
more  than  60.000,000  people  now.  She  had 
nearly  70,000,000  before  Poland  and  other 
provinces  were  taken  away.  She  has  now 
more  than  60,000.000  people. 
.  "You  cannot  change  the  temper  and  expecta- 
tions of  a  people  by  a  five  year  war,  particu- 
larly by  five  years  of  war  in  which  they  are 
not  yet  conscious  of  the  wrong  they  did,  or 
the  wrong  way  in  which  they  did  it,  and  they 
are  expecting  the  time  of  the  revival  of  their 
power  and  along  with  the  revival  of  their 
power  go  their  extraordinary  capacity,  their 
unparalleled  education,  their  great  capacity  in 
commerce,  finance  and  manufacture." 
TEN  POINTS  OF  COVENANT. 

While  riding  through  North  Dakota  on  Sept. 
10  President  Wilson  framed  a  statement  of 
what  he  considered  the  ten  essential  points  of 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE  1920. 


709 


the  league  of  nations  covenant.     These   were: 

The  destruction  of  autocratic  power  as  an 
instrument  of  international  control  by  admit- 
ting- only  self-governing-  nations  to  the  leagrue. 

The  substitution  of  publicity,  discussion,  and 
arbitration  for  war,  using-  the  boycott  rather 
than  arms. 

Placing-  the  peace  of  the  world  under  con- 
stant international  oversight  in  recog-nition  of 
the  principle  that  the  peace  of  the  world  is 
the  legitimate  immediate  interest  of  every  state. 

Disarmament. 

The  Iiberati9n  of  oppressed  peoples. 

The  discontinuance  of  annexation  and  the 
substitution  of  trusteeship,  with  responsibility 
to  the  opinion  of  mankind. 

The  invalidation  of  all  secret  treaties. 

The  protection   of  all  dependent  peoples. 

High  standards  of  labor  under  international 
sanction. 

The  international  co-ordination  of  humane 
reform  and  regulation. 

MORE    ABOUT   ARTICLE    10. 

Speaking-  in  the  Auditorium  at  Bismarck, 
N.  D..  on  Sept.  10,  President  Wilson  said: 

"Under  article  10.  every  member  of  the 
league  undertakes  to  respect  and  preserve  the 
territorial  integrity — to  protect  and  preserve 
against  external  aggressions  and  sustain  the 
political  independence  of  the  other  members 
of  the  league.  So  far  so  good. 

"The  second  sentence  provides  that  in  case 
ol  necessity  the  council  shall  take  such  steps 
as  are  necessary  to  carry  out  the  obligations 
of  that  conference — that  is  to  say,  what  force 
is  necessary  there.  Now,  the  council  cannot 
rive  that  advice  without  a  unanimous  vote. 
It  can't  give  the  advice  without  the  affirma- 
tive vote  of  the  United  States  unless  the 
United  States  is  a  party  to  the  controversy  in 
question. 

"Let  us  see  what  that  means.  Do  you  think 
that  the  United  States  is  likely  to  seize  some- 
body else's  territory?  Do  you  think  that  the 
United  States  is  likely  to  disregard  the  first 
sentence  of  the  article?  And  if  she  is  not 
likely  to  begin  an  aggression  of  that  sort,  who 
is  likely  to  begin  it  against  her? 

"Is  Mexico  going  to  invade  us  and  appropri- 
ate Texas?  Is  Canada  going  to  come  down 
with  her  9.000.000  or  10,000,000  and  over- 
whelm the  100,000,000  in  the  United  States? 
Who  is  going  to  grab  our  territory?  And 
above  all  things  else,  who  is  going  to  propose, 
who  is  going  to  entertain  the  idea  after  the 
rest  of  the  world  has  said  no? 

"But  suppose  that  somebody  does  attempt  to 
grab  our  territory  or  we  do  attempt  to  grab 
somebody  else's  territory,  then  the  war  is 
ours  anyhow,  so  what  difference  does  it  make 
what  advice  the  council  gives? 

"So  that  unless  it  is  our  war  we  can't  be 
dragged  into  a  war  without  our  own  consent. 
If  that  is  not  an  open  and  shut  security.  I 
don't  know  of  any.  And  yet  that  is  article 
10." 

CHAOS  IN  RUSSIA. 

In  the  course  of  a  speech  in  the  fair  grounds 
auditorium  at  Billings,  Mont.,  on  the  morning 
of  Sept.  11  President  Wilson  in  referring  to 
the  situation  in  Russia  said: 

"Everybody  who  has  mixed  with  the  Russian 
people  tells  me  they  are  among  the  most  lov- 
able people  of  the  world,  people  who  easily 
trust  you  and  accept  you  to  be  trustwortny  as 
they  are.  and  yet  this  people  are  delivered  into 
the  hands  of  an  intolerable  tyranny.  It  came 
out  of  one  tyranny  to  get  into  a  worse. 

"A  little  group  of  some  thirty  or  forty  men 
are  the  masters  of  that  people  at  present. 
They  chose  themselves.  They  maintain  their 
power  by  the  sword. 

"Have  you  seen  these  symptoms  of  chaos 
spread  to  other  countries?  If  you  had  been 
across  the  sea  with  me  you  would  know  the 


dread  in  the  mind  of  every  thoughtful  man  in 
Europe  is  that  that  distemper  will  spread  to 
their  country.  That  poison  is  running  through 
the  veins  of  the  world.  There  are  disciples  of 
Lenin  in  our  own  midst." 

POL7CE  STRIKES  CONDEMNED. 

The  striking  features  of  President  Wilson's 
speech  to  a  great  assemblage  in  the  Audi- 
torium at  Helena.  Mont.,  on  the  evening:  of 
Sept.  11  were  his  incidental  references  to  the 
Boston  police-  strike  and  the  race  riots  in  vari- 
ous places.  Concerning  the  former  he  said: 

"I  want  to  say  this,  that  a  strike  of  the 
policemen  of  a  great  city,  leaving  that  city  at 
the  mercy  of  an  army  of  thugs,  is  a  crime 
against  civilization. 

"In  my  judgment,  the  obligation  of  a  police- 
man is  as  sacred  and  direct  as  the  obliga- 
tion of  a  soldier.  He  is  a  public  servant, 
not  a  private  employe,  and  the  whole  honor 
and  safety  of  the  community  are  in  his  hands. 

"He  has  no  right  to  prefer  any  private  ad- 
vantage to  the  public  safety. 

"I  hope  that  that  lesson  will  be  burned  in 
so  that  it  will  never  ag-ain  be  forgotten,  be- 
cause the  pride  of  America  is  that  it  can 
exercise  self-control. 

"That  is  what  a  self -governing  nation  i>: 
not  merely  a  nation  that  elects  people  to  do 
its  job  for  it.  but  a  nation  that  can  keep 
its  head,  concert  its  purposes  and  find  out 
how  those  purposes  can  be  executed." 

ASHAMED  OF  RACE  RIOTS. 

Sounding  a  warning1  to  radical  agitators,  the 
president  said: 

"Radicals  plotting  to  destroy  this  govern- 
ment will  themselves  be  destroyed. 

"America  is  the  place  where  you  cannot 
kill  your  government  by  killing-  the  men  who 
conduct  it.  The  only  way  you  can  kill  gov- 
ernment in  America  is  by  making-  the  men 
and  women  of  America  forget  how  to  govern, 
and  nobody  can  do  that.  They  sometimes 
find  the  team  a  little  difficult  to  drive,  but 
they  sooner  or  later  whip  it  into  the  harness. 

"I  hope  you  won't  think  it  inappropriate  if 
I  stop  here  to  express  my  shame  as  an  Amer- 
ican citizen  at  the  race  riots  that  have  oc- 
curred at  some  places  in  this  country,  where 
men  have  forgotten  humanity  and  justice  and 
orderly  society  and  have  run  amuck.  That 
constitutes  a  man  not  only  the  enemy  of  so- 
ciety but  his  own  enemy  and  the  enemy  ol 
justice." 

POWER  NOT  TAKEN  FROM  CONGRESS. 

On  Sept.  12  President  Wilson  made  two 
addresses,  the  first  in  the  forenoon  at  Cceur 
d'Alene.  Idaho,  and  the  second  in  the  evening- 
at  Spokane.  Wash.  In  the  Idaho  meet- 
ing the  president  again  referred  to  the  desire 
of  the  pro-Germans  to  have  the  United  States 
keep  out  of  the  league  of  nations.  "Evidence 
abounds,"  he  said,  "that  pro-German  propa- 
ganda started  coincident  with  the  opposition 
to  the  adoption  of  the  treaty."  In  his  speech 
at  Spokane  President  Wilson  said : 

"rhere  is  one  part  of  the  covenant,  where 
it  speaks  of  arbitration,  and  where  it  provides 
that  any  member  state  failing-  to  keep  these 
covenants — these  particular  covenants — shall  be 
regarded  as  having  committed  an  act  of  war 
against  the  other  members.  The  way  it  origi- 
nally read  was  'Shall  thereby  ipso  facto  be 
deemed  at  war  with  the  other  nations,'  and  I 
said,  'No.  I  cannot  agree  to  that.  That  pro- 
vision would  put  the  United  States  at  war 
without  the  consent  of  the  congress  of  the 
United  States.  And  I  have  no  right  to  con- 
sent to  a  provision  which  would  deprive  the 
congress  of  the  United  States  of  its  free 
choice,  whether  it  makes  war  or  not.' 

"At  every  point  in  the  covenant  where  it 
was  necessary  to  do  so  I  insisted  upon  Ian- 


710 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Knage  which  would  leave  the  congress  of  the 
United  States  free. 

"I  leave  the  verdict  with  you  and  I  bee. 
my  fellow  citizens,  my  republican  fellow  citi- 
zens, that  you  will  not  allow  yourselves  for 
one  moment,  as  I  do  not  allow  myself  for  one 
moment,  as  God  knows  my  conscience,  to 
think  of  1920  when  thinking1  about  the  re- 
demption of  the  world. 

"My  present  point  is  to  dissociate  the  league 
of  nations  from  the  present  speaker.  I  did 
not  originate  it.  it  is  not  my  handiwork;  it 
has  originated  out  of  the  consciences  and 
thought  of  men  who  wanted  justice  and  peace 
for  generations. 

"I  admit  the  distinguished  history  of  the 
republican  party.  I  do  admit  that  it  has 
been  the  creator  of  great  constructive  policies, 
and  I  should  be  very  sorry  to  see  it  lose  the 
prestige  which  it  has  earned.  I  should  be 
very  sorry  to  have  any  man  feel  that  there 
was  any  embarrassment  in  supporting  a  great 
•world  policy  because  he  belonged  to  a  great 
constructive  party  and  that  party  an  Amer- 
ican party;  a  party  of  that  people  which  has 
done  the  most  advanced  thinking  in  the  world 
and  that  people  which.  God  helping-  it,  will 
lead  and  save  the  world." 

COST  OF  THE  WAR. 

On  the  morning1  of  Sept.  13  the  president 
made  two  addresses  in  Tacoma.  Wash.,  one  to 
30.000  persons  in  the  Tacoma  stadium  and 
the  other  to  5.000  persons  in  the  Tacoma 
armory.  In  the  afternoon  he  reviewed  the 
Pacific  fleet  in  Elliott  bay  and  in  the  evening 
after  a  public  dinner  at  the  Hippodrome  spoke 
at  the  Arena.  The  speeches  were  in  the 
main  along  the  lines  of  those  delivered  in 
other  places.  In  his  speech  in  the  Tacoma 
armory  he  spoke  of  the  cost  of  the  war  in 
lives  and  money. 

"In  order  to  let  you  remember  what  the 
big  thing  cost,"  he  said,  "just  let  me  read 
to  you  a  few  figures*.  If  I  did  not  have 
them  on  official  authority  I  would  deem  them 
incredible.  Here  is  what  the  war  cost  those 
•who  were  engaged  against  Germany: 

"Great  Britain  and  her  dominions.  $38.000,- 
000.000:  France.  $26.000.000.000;  the  United 
States.  $22. 000. 000. 000:  Russia.  $18.000,000.- 
000:  Italy.  $13.000.000.000,  and  the  total,  in- 
cluding Belgium.  Japan  and  other  smaller 
countries.  $123.000,000.000. 

"It  cost  the  central  powers.  Germany,  $39,- 
000.000,000;  Austria-Hungary.  $21,000.000,- 
000:  Turkey  and  Bulgaria,  $3,000.000.000.  a 
total  of  $63,000.000.000.  a  grand  total  of 
direct  war  cost  of  $186.000.000,000,  an  in- 
credible sum  to  save  civilization. 

"Now  the  question  is.  Are  we  going  to 
keep  safe?  The  expenditures  of  the  United 
States  were  at  the  rate  of  $1.000.000  an  hour 
for  two  years— $1,000.000  an  hour,  including 
the  night  time,  for  two  years. 

"Battle  deaths— and  this  is  the  cost  that 
touches  our  hearts — were  Russia,  1,700.000: 
Germany,  1,600.000;  France,  1.385.000;  Great 
Britain,  900.000:  Austria,  800.000:  Italy. 
364.000:  the  United  States.  50.300:  total  for 
all  belligerents  of  7.450,200  men  dead  on  the 
field  of  battle. 

'The  total  wounded  for  the  United  States 
army  was  230.000,  including  those,  of  course, 
who  were  killed. 

"The  total  of  all  battle  deaths  in  all  wars 
of  the  world  from  the  year  1793  to  1914 
were  something  under  six  millions.  So  that 
in  all  the  wars  of  the  world  for  more  than 
one  hundred  years  fewer  men  died  than  have 
been  killed  on  the  field  of  battle  in  the  last 
five  years.  These  are  terrible  facts  and  we 
ought  never  to  forget  them." 

NEW  WORLD  PARTNERSHIP. 

After  a  day  of  rest  in  Seattle  President  Wil- 
son continued  on  his  journey  to  Portland,  Ofe.. 


where  he  made  two  addresses  Sept.  15,  one  to 
several  hundred  business  men  at  a  luncheon 
and  the  other  to  a  large  gathering  at  the 
Auditorium.  At  the  luncheon  he  said: 

"If  you  are  going  to  put  into  the  world 
this  germ,  I  shall  call  it.  of  American  enter- 
prise and  American  faith  and  American  vision, 
then  you  must  be  the  principal  partners  in 
the  new  partnership  which  the  world  is  form- 
ing. I  take  leave  to  say.  without  intending 
the  least  disrespect  to  anybody,  that  con- 
sciously or  unconsciously  a  man  who  opposes 
that  proposition  either  has  no  imagination  or 
no  knowledge  or  is  a  quitter.  America  has 
put  her  hand  to  this  great  enterprise  already 
in  the  men  she  sent  overseas,  and  their  port 
was  the  negative  part  merely." 

REPLIES  TO  LABOR  COUNCIL. 
Sept.  16  and  the  night  of  Sept.  16  wora 
spent  by  the  president  in  traveling  to  San 
Francisco.  In  the  course  of  the  journey  he 
prepared  a  statement  containing  his  replies 
to  a  series  of  questions  propounded  to  him 
by  the  San  Francisco  labor  council.  The 
statement  follows: 

1.  Under  the  covenant  does  the  nation  obli- 
gate itself  to  assist  any  member  of  the  league 
in    putting   down   a    rebellion   of   its    subjects 
or  conquered  peoples? 

Answer— It  does  not. 

2.  Under   the  covenant,  can  this  nation  in- 
dependently   recognize     a  government    whose 
people    seek    to    achieve,  or    have    achieved, 
their    independence    from  a    member    of    the 
league? 

Answer— The  independent  action  of  the  g-ov- 
ernment  of  the  United  States  in  a  matter  of 
this  kind  is  in  no  way  limited  or  affected  by 
the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations. 

3.  Under   the  covenant   are   only   those   sub- 
ject nations  or  peoples  that-  are  mentioned  in 
the  peace  treaty  entitled  to  the  right  of  self- 
determination,  or  does  the  league  possess  the 
right    to    accord    a   similar   privilege    to    other 
subject  nations  or  peoples? 

Answer — It  was  not  possible  for  the  peace 
conference  to  act  with  regard  to  the  self- 
determination  of  any  territories  except  those 
which  had  belonged  to  the  defeated  empires, 
but  in  the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations 
it  has  set  up  for  the  first  time,  in  article  11, 
a  forum  to  which  all  claims  of  self-determina- 
tion which  are  likely  to  disturb  the  peace 
of  the  world  or  the  good  understanding  be- 
tween nations  upon  which  the  peace  of  the 
world  depends  can  be  brought. 

4.  Why   was   the   case   of   Ireland  not  heard 
at   the  reace  conference?      And  what  is  your 
position   on   the   subject   of   self-determination 
for  Ireland? 

Answer — The  case  of  Ireland  was  not  heard 
at  the  peace  conference  because  the  peace 
conference  had  no  jurisdiction  over  any  ques- 
tion of  that  sort  which  did  not  affect  terri- 
tories which  belonged  to  the  defeated  empires. 
My  position  on  the  subject  of  self-determina- 
tion for  Ireland  is  expressed  in  article  11  of 
the  covenant,  in  which  I  may  say  I  was  par- 
ticularly interested,  because  it  seemed  to  me 
necessary  for  the  peace  and  freedom  of  the 
world  that  a  forum  should  be  created  to 
which  all  peoples  could  bring  any  matter 
which  was  likely  to  affect  the  peace  and  free- 
dom of  the  world. 

EXPLANATORY  REPLIES. 

In  San  Francisco  President  Wilson  made  two 
speeches  on  the  17th,  one  at  noonday  and 
the  other  in  the  evening  in  the  civic  audi- 
torium. The  ground  covered  was  practically 
the  same  as  in  his  previous  addresses,  article 
10  and  the  Shantung  question  receiving-  partio- 
ular  attention.  On  the  18th  he  spoke  at 
a  luncheon  given  by  San  Francisco  businea* 
organizations  and  in  the  evening  he  addresse*! 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


711 


a  large  gathering  in  Oakland.  Previous  to  the 
first  meeting  he  issued  a  statement  giving  a 
list  of  questions  asked  by  a  San  Francisco 
league  of  nations  organization  and  his  replies. 
Following  is  the  statement: 

1  Will  you  state  the  underlying  considera- 
tion which  dictated  an  awarding  of  six  voltes 
to  the  British  empire  in  the  assembly,  and  is 
it  true  that  Great  Britain  will  outvote  us  m 
the  league  of  nations  and  thereby  control  the 
league  actions? 

Answer— The  consideration  which  led  to  as- 
signing six  votes  to  self-governing  portions  of 
the  British  empire  was  that  they  have  in 
effect  in  all  but  foreign  policies  become  auton- 
omous self-governing  states,  their  policy  in 
all  but  foreign  affairs  being  independent  of 
the  control  of  the  British  government  and  ir 
many  respects  dissimilar  from  it.  But  it  is  not 
true  that  the  British  empire  can  outvote  us 
in  the  league  of  nations  and  therefore  control 
the  action  of  the  league,  because  in  every 
matter  except  admission  of  new  members  in 
the  league,  no  action  can  be  taken  without 
the  concurrence  of  a  unanimous  vote  of  the 
representatives  of  the  states  which  are  mem- 
bers of  the  council,  so  that  in  all  matters  ol 
action  the  affirmative  vote  of  the  United 
States  is  necessary  and  equivalent  to  the 
united  vote  of  the  representatives  of  the  sev- 
eral parts  of  the  British  empire.  The  united 
votes  of  the  several  parts  of  the  British  em- 
pire cannot  offset  or  overcome  the  vote  of  the 

2*.  Is  it  true  that  under  the  league  of  na- 
tions foreign  countries  can  order  the  send- 
ing of  American  troops  to  foreign  countries? 

Answer— It  is  not.  The  right  of  cpngress 
to  determine  such  matters  is  in  no  wise  im- 


effect  will  the  league  of  nations 
have  in  either  forwarding  or  hindering  the 
final  restoration  of  Shantung  to  China?  What 
effect  will  the  league  of  nations  have  in  pre- 
venting further  spoliation  of  China  and  the 
abrogation  of  all  such  special  privileges  now 
enjoyed  in  China  by  foreign  countries? 

Answer— The  league  of  nations  will  have  a 
powerful  effect  in  forwarding  the  final  resto- 
ration of  Shantung  to  China,  and  no  .other 
instrumentality  or  action  can  be  substituted 
which  could  bring  that  result  about  The 
authority  of  the  league  will,  under  article  10, 
be  constantly  directed  toward  safeguarding  the 
territorial  integrity  and  political  independence 
of  China.  It  will,  therefore,  absolutely  pre- 
vent the  further  spoliation  of  China,  promote 
the  restoration  to  China  of  the  several  privi- 
leges now  long  enjoyed  by  foreign  countries, 
and  assure  China  of  the  completion  of  the 
process  by  which  Shantung  will  presently  be 
returned  to  it  in  full  sovereignty.  In  the  past 
there  has  been  no  tribunal  which  could  be 
resorted  to  for  any  of  these  purposes. 

4.  Is  there  anything  in  the  league  of  na- 
tions covenant  or  the  peace  treaty  which  di- 
rectly or  indirectly  in  any  manner  imposes 
on  the  United  States  any  obligation,  moral 
or  otherwise,  of  the  slightest  character  to 
support  England  in  any  way  in  case  of  revolt 
in  Ireland? 

Answer— There  is  not.  The  only  gruaranty 
contained  in  the  covenant  is  against  external 
aggression,  and  those  who  framed  the  cove- 
nant were  scrupulously  careful  in  no  way  to 
interfere  with  what  they  regarded  a8  the  Ba- 
cred  rig-hts  of  self-determination. 

6.  What  effect,  if  any.  will  the  leagnie  of 
nations  covenant  have  in  either  hindering  or 
furthering  the  cause  of  Irish  freedom? 

Answer — It  was  not  possible  for  the  peace 
conference  to  act  with  regard  to  the  self- 
determination  of  any  territories  except  those 
which  had  belonged  to  the  defeated  empires, 
but  in  the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations 


it  has  set  up  for  the  first  time  in  article  11 
a  forum  to  which  all  claims  of  self-determi- 
nation which  are  likely  to  disturb  the  peace 
of  the  world  or  the  good  understanding  be- 
tween nations  upon  which  the  peace  of  the 
world  depends  can  be  brought. 

FREEDOM  OF  THE  SEAS. 

On  Sept.  19  President  Wilson  made  two  ad- 
dresses in  San  Diego.  Cal.,  one  in  the  after- 
noon to  50.000  persons  in  an  open  air  stadium 
and  one  at  a  dinner  in  the  evening.  In  the 
latter  speech  he  told  why  it  was  not  consid- 
ered necessary  to  define  the  freedom  of  the 
seas  at  the  Paris  peace  conference,  declaring 
that  one  of  the  reasons  why  America  went  to 
war  was  for  the  freedom  of  the  seas  and  under 
the  league  of  nations  it  became  unnecessary  to 
define  the  term.  It  was  accepted,  he  said, 
that  the  doctrine  was  for  the  protection  of 
neutrals  while  other  nations  were  at  war. 

Los  Angeles.  Cal..  was  reached  on  the  20 tb 
and  here  as  elsewhere  the  president  was 
enthusiastically  received.  In  a  speech  to  an 
assemblage  of  7,000  persons  in  the  Audi- 
torium he  said:  'The  league  of  nations  must 
and  will  become  the  bulwark  of  a  war  weary- 
world  for  all  time.  This  was  a  people's  war 
and  this  treaty  establishes  a  people's  peace." 

In  Sacramento.  Cal..  where  the  special  train 
stopped  for  half  an  hour  on  the  afternoon  of 
Sept.  22,  the  president  spoke  briefly  to  a 
gathering  of  12.000  persons  near  the  railroad 
station.  "Without  this  treaty  of  peace,"  ha 
said,  "without  the  covenant  of  the  league  of 
nations  which  it  contains,  we  simply  sink 
back  into  that  slough  of  despond  in  which 
mankind  was  before  this  war  began." 

On  the  evening  of  the  22d  the  president 
spoke  in  Reno,  Nev.,  and  on  the  23d  in 
Ogden  and  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  In  the  latter 
city  he  spoke  to  12.000  persons  gathered  in 
the  Mormon  tabernacle.  Here  he  announced 
that  he  could  say.  without  any  hesitation, 
that  the  overwhelming  majority  of  the  people 
wanted  the  league  of  nations.  "I  think  it  is 
the  judgment  of  the  people."  he  said,  "that 
neither  the  covenant  nor  the  treaty  should  be 
amended." 

In  Cheyenne.  Wyo..  where  President  Wilson 
spoke  on  the  24th.  he  warned  the  reserva- 
tionist  senators  in  Washington  and  their  sup- 
porters that  the  adoption  of  the  reservations 
to  article  10  meant  that  he.  as  the  executive 
of  the  United  States,  would  have  to  regard  it 
as  a  rejection  of  the  entire  treaty  and 
that  it  meant  the  negotiation  of  a  separate 
peace  with  Germany.  Speaking  of  the  British 
six  votes  to  the  one  of  America  he  reiterated 
the  explanation  that  the  league  could  not  take 
any  action  without  America's  affirmative  vote. 
He  said  further  that  he  was  ready  to  main- 
tain the  position  that  it  was  just  to  give  the 
British  empire  these  votes  and  that  he  was 
willing  that  the  British  commonwealths  should 
all  have  speaking  parts  in  the  league.  The 
New  Zealanders.  Australians  and  Canadians, 
he  said,  were  our  natural  partners  and  would 
takes  sides  with  us  oftener  than  with  England 
in  league  matters. 

President  Wilson  spoke  in  Denver.  Col.,  on 
the  morning  of  the  25th  and  in  Pueblo.  Col., 
in  the  evening.  In  both  addresses  he  argued 
against  reservations  to  the  treaty,  asserting- 
that  they  meant  asking  sp^cisl  exemption  or 
privileges  for  the  United  States.  He  said  in 
Denver,  where  he  epoke  to  15.000  persons  in 
the  Auditorium:  "I  challenge  the  opponents 
of  this  treaty  to  show  cause  where  there 
should  be  any  hesitation  in  ratifying  it.  I 
do  understand  delays.  I  do  not  understand 
covert  processes  of  opposition.  It  is  time 
that  we  know  where  we  shall  stand,  for  ob- 
serve, my  fellow  citizens,  the  negotiation  of 
treaties  rests  with  the  executive  of  the  United 
States.  When  the  senate  has  acted  it  will  be 


712 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


for  me  to  determine  whether  its  action  consti- 
tutes an  adoption  or  rejection,  and  I  beg  the 
rentlemen  who  are  responsible  for  the  action 
of  the  United  States  senate  to  make  it  per- 
fectly clear  whether  it  is  an  adoption  or  a 

According  to  the  schedule  the  president  was 
tc  have  made  addresses  at  Wichita.  Kas..  and 
Oklahoma  City.  Okla..  on  the  26th.  at  Little 
Bock  Ark.  and  Memphis,  Tenn..  on  the  27th 
and  at  Louisville.  Ky.,  on  the  28th.  but  illness 
resulting:  from  physical  exhaustion  compelled 
liim  to  abandon  his  tour  at  Wichita  and  pro- 
ceed directly  to  Washington,  where  he  arrived 
Sept.  28. 

SENATE   MAJORITY   REPORT. 

As  already  noted,  the  senate  committee  on 
foreign  relations  reported  the  treaty  back  to 


Oopjright,  t±un»*  -  •-*.  Copjnght,  ..arrU  a  L.^. 

HENEY  C.  LODGE.        G.  M.  HITCHCOCK. 

the  senate  Sept.  10  with  a  large  number  of 
amendments  and  four  reservations.  There  were 
in  fact  three  reports — one  by  the  majority,  one 
by  the  minority  and  one  by  Senator  Porter 
J  McCumber  of  North  Dakota.  The  majority 
report,  after  a  \oag  explanation  of  the  de- 
lay in  taking  action  and  an  expression  of  re- 
sentment at  the  demand  for  speed,  declared: 

"In  reporting  the  treaty  to  the  senate  for 
action  the  committee  proposes  certain  amend- 
ments to  the  text  of  the  treaty  and  certain 
reservations  to  be  attached  to  the  resolution 
of  ratification  and  made  a  part  of  that  reso- 
lution when  it  is  offered. 

"In  regard  to  the  amendments  generally  it 
should  be  stated  at  the  outset  that  nothing 
is  more  groundless  than  the  sedulously  cul- 
tivated and  constantly  expressed  fear  that 
textual  amendments  would  require  a  summon- 
ing of  the  peace  conference  and  thereby  cause 
great  delay.  There  will  be  no  necessity  of 
summoning  the  peace  conference,  because  i1 
is  in  session  now  in  Paris,  with  delegates 
fully  representing  all  the  signatory  nations. 
as  it  has  been  for  six  months,  and  it  seems 
likely  to  be  in  session  for  six  months  more. 
Textual  amendments,  if  made  by  the  senate, 
can  be  considered  in  Paris  at  once,  and  the 
conference  would  be  at  least  as  usefully  em- 
ployed in  that  consideration  as  it  now  is 
in  dividing  and  sharing  sputheastern  Europe 
and  Asia  Minor,  in  handing  the  Greeks  of 
Thrace  over  to  our  enemy,  Bulgaria,  and  in 
trying  to  force  upon  the  United  States  the 
control  of  Armenia.  Anatolia  and  Constanti- 
nople through  the  medium  of  a  large  Amer- 
ican army.  Still  more  unimportant  is  the 
bug-bear  which  has  been  put  forward  of  the 
enormous  difficulties  which  will  be  incurred 
in  securing  the  adhesion  of  Germany.  No 
great  amount  of  time  need  be  consumed  in 
bringing  German  representatives  to  Paris.  The 
journey  is  within  the  power  of  a  mpderate 
amount  of  human  endurance,  and  it  is  also 
to  be  remembered  that  Germany  is  not  a 
member  of  the  league  and  need  not  be  con- 
sulted in  regard  to  the  terms  of  the  covenant. 
When  Germany  enters  the  league  she  will  take 
it  as  she  finds  it. 


Amendments. 

"The  first  amendment  offered  by  the  com- 
mittee relates  to  the  league.  It  is  proposed 
so  to  amend  the  text  as  to  secure  for  the 
United  States  a  vote  in  the  assembly  of  the 
league  equal  to  that  of  any  other  power. 
Great  Britain  now  has  under  the  name  of 
the  British  empire  one  vote  in  the  council 
of  the  league.  She  has  four  additional  votes 
in  the  assembly  of  the  league  for  her  self- 
governing  dominions  and  colonies,  which  are 
most  properly  members  of  the  lea^aie  and 
signatories  to  the  treaty.  She  also  has  the 
vote  of  India,  which  is  neither  a  self-govern- 
ing dominion  nor  a  colony  but  -rerely  a  part 
of  the  empire  and  which  apparently  was  sim- 
ply put  in  as  a  signatory  and  member  of  the 
league  by  the  peace  conference  because  Great 
Britain  desired  it.  Great  Britain  also  will 
control  the  votes  of  the  kingdom  of  Hedjaz  and 
of  Persia.  With  these  last  two.  of  course,  we 
have  nothing  to  do.  But  if  Great  Britain  has 
six  votes  in  the  league  assembly  no  reason  has 
occurred  to  the  committee  and  no  argument 
has  been  made  to  show  why  the  United  States 
should  not  have  an  equal  number.  If  other 
countries  like  the  present  arrangement,  that  is 
not  our  affair:  but  the  committee  failed  to  see 
why  the  United  States  should  have  but  one 
vote  in  the  assembly  of  the  league  when,  the 
British  empire  has  six. 

"Amendments  39  to  44.  inclusive,  transfer 
to  China  the  German  lease  and  rights,  if  they 
exist,  in  the  Chinese  province  of  Shantung, 
which  are  given  by  the  treaty  to  Japan.  The 
majority  of  the  committee  were  not  willing:  to 
have  their  votes  recorded  at  any  stage  in 
the  proceedings  in  favor  of  the  consummation 
of  what  they  consider  a  great  wrong.  They 
cannot  assent  to  taking  the  property  of  a 
faithful  ally  and  handing  it  over  to  another 
ally  in  fulfillment  of  a  bargain  made  by  other 
powers  in  a  secret  treaty.  It  is  a  record 
which  they  are  not  willing  to  present  to  their 
fellow  citizens  or  leave  behind  them  for  the 
contemplation  of  their  children. 

"Amendment  No.  2  is  simply  to  provide  that 
where  a  member  of  the  league  has  self-gov- 
erning dominions  and  colonies  which  are  also 
members  of  the  league  the  exclusion  of  the 
disputants  under  the  league  rules  shall  cover 
the  aggregate  vote  of  the  member  of  the 
league  and  its  self-governing  dominions  and 
parts  of  empire  combined  if  any  one  of  them 
is  involved  in  the  controversy. 

"The  remaining  amendments,  with  a  single 
exception,  may  be  treated  as  one,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  all  alike  is  to  relieve  the  United  States 
from  having  representatives  on  the  commis- 
sions established  by  the  league  which  deal 
with  questions  in  which  the  United  States  has 
and  can  have  no  interest  and  in  which  the 
United  States  has  evidently  been  inserted  by 
design.  The  exception  is  amendment  No.  45. 
which  provides  that  the  United  States  shall 
have  a  member  of  the  reparation  commission, 
but  that  such  commissioner  of  the  United 
States  cannot,  except  in  the  case  of  shipping, 
where  the  interests  of  the  United  States  are 
directly  involved,  deal  with  or  vote  upon  any 
other  questions  before  that  commission  except 
under  instructions  from  the  government  of  the 
United  States. 

Reservations. 

"The  committee  proposes  four  reservations 
to  be  made  a  part  of  the  resolution  of  ratifi- 
cation when  it  is  offered.  The  committee  re- 
serves, of  course,  the  right  to  pffer  other  res- 
ervations if  it  shall  so  determine.  The  four 
reservations  now  presented  are  as  follows: 

"  '1.  The  United  States  reserves  to  itself 
the  unconditional  right  to  withdraw  from 
the  league  of  nations  upon  the  notice  provided 
in  article  1  of  said  treaty  of  peace  with  Ger- 
many.' 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE    1920. 


713 


"The  provision  in  -the  league  covenant  for 
withdrawal  declares  that  any  member  may 
withdraw  provided  it  has  fulfilled  all  its  in- 
ternational obligations  and  all  its  obligations 
under  the  covenant.  There  has  been  much 
dispute  as  to  who  would  decide  if  the  question 
of  the  fulfillment  of  obligations  was  raised, 
and  it  is  very  generally  thought  that  this  ques- 
tion would  be  settled  by  the  council  of  the 
league  of  nations.  The  best  that  can  be  said 
about  it  is  that  the  question  of  decision  is 
clouded  with  doub,t.  On  such  a  point  as  this 
there  must  be  no  doubt.  The  United  States, 
which  has  never  broken  an  international  obli- 
gation, cannot  permit  all  its  existing  treaties 
to  be  reviewed  and  its  conduct  and  honor  ques- 
tioned by  other  nations.  The  same  may  be 
said  in  regard  to  the  fulfillment  of  the  obli- 
gations to  the  league.  It  must  be  made  per- 
fectly clear  that  the  United  States  alone  is  to 
determine  as  to  the  fulfillment  of  its  obliga- 
tions, and  its  right  of  withdrawal  must  there- 
fore be  unconditional,  as  provided  in  the  res- 
ervation. 

"  '2.  The  United  States  declines  to  assume, 
tinder  the  provisions  of  article  10  or  under 
any  other  article,  any  obligation  to  preserve 
the  territorial  integrity  or  political  independ- 
ence of  any  other  country,  or  to  interfere  in 
controversies  between  other  nations,  members 
of  the  league  or  not.  or'to  employ  the  military 
or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States  in  such 
controversies,  or  to  adopt  economic  measures 
lor  the  protection  of  any  other  country, 
whether  a  member  of  the  league  or  not. 
against  external  aggression  or  for  the  purpose 
of  coercing  any  other  country,  or  for  the  pur- 
pose of  intervention  in  the  internal  conflicts 
or  other  controversies  which  may  arise  in  any 
other  country,  and  no  mandate  shall  be  ac- 
cepted by  the  United  States  under  article  22, 
Part  I.,  of  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany, 
except  by  action  of  the  congress  of  the  United 
States.' 

"This  reservation  is  intended  to  meet  the 
most  vital  objection  to  the  league  covenant 
as  it  stands.  Under  no  circumstances  must 
there  be  any  legal  or  moral  obligation  upon 
the  United  States  to  enter  into  war  or  to  send 
its  army  and  navy  abroad  or  without  the  un- 
fettered action  of  congress  to  impose  economic 
boycotts  on  other  countries.  Under  the  con- 
stitution of  the  United  States  the  congress 
alone  has  the  power  to  declare  war,  and  all 
bills  to  raise  revenue  or  affecting  the  revenue 
in  any  way  must  originate  in  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives, be  passed  by  the  senate,  and  re- 
ceive the  signature  of  the  president.  These 
constitutional  rights  of  congress  must  not  be 
impaired  by  any  agreements  such  as  are  pre- 
sented in  this  treaty,  nor  can  any  opportunity 
of  charging  the  United  States  with  bad  faith 
be  permitted.  No  American  soldiers  or  sailors 
must  be  sent  to  fight  in  other  lands  at  the 
bidding-  of  the  league  of  nations.  American 
lives  must  not  be  sacrificed  except  by  the  will 
and  command  of  the  American  people  acting 
through  their  constitutional  representatives  in 
congress. 

"This  reservation  also  covers  the  subject  of 
mandates.  According  to  the  provisions  of  the 
covenant  of  the  league,  the  acceptance  of  a 
mandate  by  any  member  is  voluntary,  but  as 
to  who  shall  have  authority  to  refuse  or  to 
accept  a  mandate  for  any  country  the  covenant 
of  the  leag-ue  is  silent.  The  decision  as  to 
accepting  a  mandate  must  rest  exclusively 
within  the  control  of  the  congress  of  the 
United  States  as  the  reservation  provides  and 
must  not  be  delegated,  even  by  inference,  to 
any  personal  agent  or  to  any  delegate  or  com- 
missioner. 

"  '3.  The  United  States  reserves  to  itself  ex- 
clusively the  right  to  decide  what  questions 
are  within  its  domestic  jurisdiction  and  de- 


clares that  all  domestic  and  political  questions 
relating  to  its  affairs,  including:  immigration, 
coastwise  traffic,  the  tariff,  commerce  and  all 
other  domestic  questions,  are  solely  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  and  are  not 
under  this  treaty  submitted  in  any  way  either 
to  arbitration  or  to  the  consideration  of  the 
council  or  of  the  assembly  of  the  league  of 
nations,  or  to  the  decision  or  recommenda- 
tion of  any  other  power.' 

"This  reservation  speaks  for  itself.  It  is 
not  necessary  to  follow  out  here  all  tortuous 
windings  which  to  those  who  have  followed 
them  through  the  labyrinth  disclose  the  fact 
that  the  league  under  certain  conditions  will 
have  power  to  pass  upon  and  decide  question* 
of  immigration  and  tariff,  as  well  as  the  others 
mentioned  in  the  reservation.  It  is  believed 
by  the  committee  that  this  reservation  relieves 
the  United  States  from  any  dangers  or  any 
obligations  in  this  direction. 

"The  fourth  and  last  reservation  is  as 
follows: 

"  '4.  The  United  States  declines  to  submit 
for  arbitration  or  inquiry  by  the  assembly  or 
the  council  of  the  league  of  nations  provided 
for  in  said  treaty  of  peace  any  questions 
which  in  the  judgment  of  the  United  State* 
depend  upon  or  relate  to  its  long-established 
policy,  commonly  known  as  the  Monroe  doc- 
trine; said  doctrine  is  to  be  interpreted  by 
the  United  States  alone,  and  is  hereby  declared 
to  be  wholly  outside  the  jurisdiction  of  said 
league  of  nations  and  entirely  unaffected  by 
any  provision  contained  in  the  said  treaty 
of  peace  with  Germany.' 

"The  purpose  of  this  reservation  is  clear. 
It  is  intended  to  preserve  the  Monroe  doctrine 
from  any  interference  or  interpretation  by 
foreign  powers.  As  the  Monroe  doctrine  has 
protected  the  United  States,  so.  it  is  believed 
by  the  committee,  will  this  reservation  pro- 
tect the  Monroe  doctrine  from  the  destruc- 
tion with  which  it  is  threatened  by  article  21 
in  the  covenant  of  the  league,  and  leave 
it,  where  it  has  always  been,  within  the  sole 
and  complete  control  of  the  United  States. 

"This  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations  is 
an  alliance  and  not  a  league,  as  is  amply 
shown  by  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  with 
Germany  which  vests  all  essential  power  in 
five  great  nations.  Those  same  nations,  the 
principal  allied  and  associated  powers,  also 
dominate  the  league  through  the  council 

"The  committee  believe  that  the  league  as 
it  stands  will  breed  wars  instead  of  securing- 
peace.  They  also  believe  that  the  covenant  of 
the  league  demands  sacrifices  of  American  in- 
dependence and  sovereignty  which  would  in 
no  way  promote  the  world's  peace  but  which 
are  fraught  with  the  gravest  dangers  to  the 
future  safety  and  well-being  of  the  United 
States." 

The  report  concluded  with  some  additional 
arguments  along  the  same  line.  It  was  signed 
by  Henry  Cabot  Lodge,  William  E.  Borah. 
Frank  B.  Brandegee,  Albert  B.  Fall,  Philander 
C.  Knox,  Warren  G.  Harding,  Hiram  Johnson. 
Harry  S.  New  and  George  H.  Moses,  all  repub- 
licans. 

SENATE  MINORITY  REPORT. 

The  minority  report  of  the  committee  was 
presented  to  the  senate  Sept.  11  by  Senator 
Gilbert  M.  Hitchcock,  the  ranking  minority 
member  and  chief  spokesman  for  the  treaty. 
The  report  was  as  follows: 

"The  undersigned  members  of  the  foreign 
relations  committee  unite  in  urging  the  early 
ratification  of  the  pending  treaty  of  peace 
without  amendments  and  without  reserva- 
tions. 

"We  deplore  the  long  and  unnecessary  de- 
lay to  which  the  treaty  has  been  subjected 
while  locked  up  in  the  committee,  whose  ma- 
jority decisions  and  recommendations  were 


714 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


from  the  start  a  foregone  conclusion.  They 
could  have  been  made  in  July  as  well  as  in 
September  and  would  have  been  the  same. 

"The  industrial  world  is  in  ferment,  the 
financial  world  in  doubt,  and  commerce  halts 
while  this  great  delay  in  the  peace  settlement 
has  been  caused  by  the  majority  of  a  com- 
mittee known  to  be  out  of  harmony  with  the 
majority  of  the  senate  and  the  majority  of 
the  people.  This  is  government  by  obstruc- 
tion as  well  as  by  a  minority. 

"Our  export  trade  already  shows  the  unde- 
niable effects  of  delay  and  doubt  in  treaty 
ratification  and  peace  settlement.  For  the 
first  seven  months  following-  the  armistice  our 
exports  averaged  almost  Seven  hundred  millions 
per  month,  but  in  July  they  fell  to  $570,000,- 
000.  Europe  undoubtedly  wants  our  products, 
but  can  only  take  them  in  full  quantity  if 
our  financial  institutions  provide  the  credit  to 
bridge  over  the  period  necessary  to  restore 
European  industry  to  productiveness.  This 
private  credit  cannot  and  will  not  be  fur- 
nished as  long:  as  the  peace  settlement  is  in 
doubt.  Public  credit  has  heretofore  carried 
this  great  balance  of  trade.  Since  the  armi- 
stice was  signed  our  grovernment  has  advanced 
to  European  grovernments  nearly  $2,500,000,- 
000,  which  was  almost  enough  to  cover  the 
balance  of  trade  during:  the  eight  months' 
period. 

"Our  government,  however,  has  about 
reached  the  end  of  its  authority  given  by  con- 
gress and  will  advance  but  little  more.  From 
now  on,  if  we  are  to  keep  our  commerce  with 
Europe,  private  enterprise  must  furnish  the 
credit  to  cover  the  trade  balance  till  European 
industries  get  started  and  are  able  to  pay 
us  with  their  goods.  Peace  settlement  delays 
and  doubts  paralyze  this  revival.  If  uncer- 
tainty continues,  depression  is  inevitable. 

"The  claim  by  the  majority  of  this  com- 
mittee on  page  3  of  its  report  that  we  have 
exported  over  $11,000,000  worth  of  goods 
to  Germany  since  the  armistice  and  without 
a  peace  settlement  is  no  doubt  true.  To 
other  countries  during  the  same  period  we 
exported  over  $5,000,000,000  worth.  What 
was  exported  to  Germany  as  stated  by  the 
majority  report  was  practically  nothing.  It 
is  only  14  cents'  worth  of  American  products 
for  each  person  in  Germany  in  seven  months, 
or  2  cents  per  person  per  month,  yet  the  ma- 
jority report  boasts  of  it  as  evidence  of  trade 
revival,  in  spite  of  treaty  delay.  The  same 
statesmen  gravely  assure  us  that  their  figures 
prove  that  it  is  a  mere  delusion  to  say  we 
cannot  trade  with  Germany  till  a  peace 
settlement  is  made.  Two  cents  per  month 
per  capita  is  hardly  trading  with  Germany. 

"Referring  to  the  action  of  the  majority 
of  the  committee,  we  unite  in  opposing  and 
condemning  the  recommendations  both  as  to 
textual  amendments  and  as  to  proposed  reser- 
vations. As  far  as  the  proposed  textual  amend- 
ments are  concerned,  we  see  no  reason  to 
discuss  their  character  at  length.  In  our 
opinion  they  have  no  merit,  but  whether  they 
be  good,  bad  or  indifferent  their  adoption 
by  the  senate  can  have  no  possible  effect  ex- 
cept to  defeat  the  participation  of  the  United 
States  in  the  treaty.  None  of  them  could  by 
any  possibility  be  accepted  even  by  the  great 
nations  associated  with  the  United  States  in 
the  war,  and  none  of  them  could  by  any 
possibility  be  dictated  to  Germany.  To  adopt 
any  one  of  them,  therefore,  is  equivalent 
to  rejecting  the  treaty. 

"The  suggestion  on  page  4  of  the  major- 
ity report  that  the  peace  conference  is  Btill 
in  session  in  Paris  and  could  consider  any 
textual  amendments  to  the  treaty  made  by 
the  senate,  and  that  German  representatives 
could  be  brought  to  Paris  for  that  purpose, 
indicates  a  total  misconception  of  the  situa- 


tion. The  peace  conference  has  acted  finally 
upon  this  treaty.  Great  Britain  has  ratified 
it,  France  is  about  to  do  so,  and  with  the 
action  of  one  other  power  it  will  in  all  hu- 
man probability  be  in  actual  operation  even 
before  the  senate  of  the  United  States  reaches 
a  decision.  Moreover,  the  peace  conference 
possesses  no  further  power  to  'bring  German 
representatives  to  Paris.'  The  power  of  com- 
pulsion has  been  exhausted.  Germany  was 
told  where  to  sign  and  when  to  sign  and 
when  to  ratify,  and  Germany  has  closed  the 
chapter  by  signing  and  by  ratifying.  Germany 
cannot  be  compelled  to  do  anything  more 
or  different  with  regard  to  this  treaty  by 
being  confronted  with  an  amended  treaty, 
whether  once  a  month,  day  or  week.  There 
must  be  finality  to  ultimata  in  a  treaty  by 
compulsion.  If  an  amended  treaty  is  not 
signed  by  Germany,  then  it  is  in  none  of  its 
parts  binding  on  her. 

"To  adopt  an  amendment  or  to  reject  the 
treaty  means  that  the  United  States  will  sac- 
rifice all  of  the  concessions  secured  from  Ger- 
many by  a  dictated  peace.  While  these  con- 
cessions are  not  so  large  as  those  which  other 
nations  associated  with  us  secure  in  repara- 
tions, they  are  nevertheless  of  tremendous 
importance  and  could  only  be  secured  under  a 
dictated  peace.  Among  the  concessions  which 
the  United  States  would  sacrifice  by  the  adop- 
tion of  any  amendment  or  the  rejection  of 
the  treaty  may  be  included  the  following: 

"First.  Germany's  acknowledgement  of  re- 
sponsibility for  the  war  and  her  promise  to 
make  restitution  for  damages  resulting1  from 
it. 

"Second.  Germany's  promise  to  us  in  the 
treaty  thr*  she  will  not  impose  higher  or 
other  customs  duties  or  charges  on  our  goods 
than  those  charged  to  the  r  ost  favored  na- 
tipn  and  will  not  prohibit  or  restrict  or  dis- 
criminate against  imports  directly  or  indirectly 
from  our  country. 

"Third.  Germany's  promise  to  us  in  the 
treaty  that  she  will  make  no  discrimination  in 
German  ports  on  shipping  bearing  our  flag 
and  that  our  shipping  in  German  ports  will 
be  given  as  favorable  treatment  as  German 
ships  receive. 

"Fourth  That  for  six  months  after  the 
treaty  goes  into  effect  no  customs  duty  will 
be  levied  against  imports  from  the  United 
States  except  the  lowest  duties  that  were  in 
force  for  the  first  six  months  of  1914. 

"Fifth.  Germany's  agreement  with  us  that 
the  United  States  shall  have  the  privilege  of 
reviving  such  of  the  treaties  with  Germany 
as  were  in  existence  prior  to  the  war  as  we 
may  alone  desire. 

"Sixth.  Germany's  promise  to  us  to  restore 
the  property  of  our  citizens  seized  in  Ger- 
many or  to  compensate  the  owners. 

"Seventh.  Germany's  very  important  agree- 
ment validating  all  acts  by  the  United  States 
and  by  the  alien  property  custodian  by 
which  we  seized  and  proceeded  to  liquidate 
$800.000.000  worth  of  property  in  the  United 
States  belonging-  to  German  citizens. 

"Eighth.  Germany's  agreement  that  the 
proceeds  of  the  sale  of  these  properties  may 
be  used  to  compensate  our  citizens  in  Ger- 
many if  Germany  fails  to  do  so,  or  to  pay 
debts  which  Germany  or  Germans  owe  to 
American  citizens,  or  to  pay  American  pre- 
war claims  against  Germany  for  property  de- 
stroyed and  lives  taken  similar  to1  the  losses 
because  of  the  destruction  of  the  Lusitania. 

"Ninth.  Germany's  agreement  that  she  will 
compensate  her  own  citizens  for  property, 
patents  and  other  things  belonging  to  them 
in  the  United  States  seized  during  the  war 
by  our  government 

"Tenth.  Germany's  agreement  that  no  claim 
can  be  made  against  the  United  States  in  re- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


715 


spect  to  the  use  or  sale  during-  the  war  by 
our  government,  or  by  persons  acting-  for  our 
g-overnment,  of  any  rig-hts  in  industrial,  lit- 
erary or  artistic  property,  including-  patents. 

"Eleventh.  Germany's  agreement  that  the 
United  States  shall  retain  over  500.000*  tons 
of  German  shipping-  seized  in  American  ports, 
which  much  more  than  compensate  us  for 
shipping-  lost  during-  the  war. 

"Twelfth.  We  would  lose  our  membership 
on  the  reparations  commission,  which  will  be 
the  most  powerful  international  body  ever  cre- 
ated and  which  will  have  enormous  control 
over  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Germany  with 
the  rest  of  the  world  for  years  to  come.  It 
not  only  supervises  the  use  of  German  eco- 
nomic resources  and  the  payment  of  repara- 
tions, but  it  can  restrict  or  expand  Germany's 
imports  and  distribute  much  of  her  desirable 
exports,  including-  dyes.  In  no  way  can  the 
United  States  assure  itself  against  discrimi- 
nation in  German  imports  and  financial  policies 
unless  we  have  a  member  upon  this  great  re- 
parations commission. 

"These  are  some,  but  by  no  means  all,  of 
the  valuable  concessions  which  the  United 
States  would  inevitably  sacrifice  by  failing;  to 
ratify  the  treaty.  This  failure  would  be  just 
as  complete  if  we  adopt  an  amendment  to  it 
as  if  we  rejected  the  treaty  absolutely.  In 
either  event,  we  would  find  ourselves  at  the 
end  of  the  war,  it  is  true,  but  without  any 
peace  or  terms  of  peace  with  Germany  We 
would  have  abandoned  our  disgusted  associates 
and  we  would  be  reduced  to  the  necessity  of 
seeking  a  negotiated  peace  with  an  angry  Ger- 
many on  such  terms  as  she  would  be  willing 
to  accord. 

"We  are,  therefore,  without  any  qualification 
against  amendments. 

"We  are  aware  that  the  claim  has  been  set 
up  that  one  of  the  proposed  amendments 
which  relates  only  to  the  leag-ue  of  nations 
does  not  require  the  assent  of  Germany.  This 
is  based  on  the  fact  that  Germany  is  not  yet 
a  member  of  the  league  of  nations  and  may 
not  be  for  several  years.  The  answer  is,  how- 
ever, that  the  league  covenant  is  a  part  of 
the  treaty,  and  the  league  which  is  mentioned 
in  many  places  in  the  treaty  has  much  to  do 
with  German  affairs,  even  though  Germany  is 
not  a  member.  Germany,  in  agreeing  to  the 
treaty,  has  assented  to  the  provisions  of  the 
covenant,  and  one  of  the  provisions  is  that  if 
can  only  be  amended  by  the  action  of  the 
league,  which  has  not  yet  started,  ratified 
by  all  the  members  of  the  council,  which  has 
not  yet  organized,  as  well  as  by  a  majority  of 
the  members  of  the  assembly.  It  is  obvious, 
therefore,  if  it  is  to  be  amended  in  any  other 
way.  Germany's  assent  will  be  just  as  nec- 
essary as  to  any  other  article  of  the  treaty. 
Reservations. 

"The  reservations  proposed  by  the  majority 
of  this  committee  are  of  such  a  character 
as  at  once  to  betray  their  authorship.  They 
are  the  work  of  senators  organized  for  the 
purpose  of  destroying-  the  league  and.  if  pos- 
sible, defeating  this  treaty.  Their  phraseology 
is  such  as  to  make  this  purpose  plain  They 
are  in  no  sense  interpretative  reservations  to 
be  used  to  make  clear  langruas-e  in  the  treaty 
that  might  be  considered  doubtful,  but  they 
are  so  framed  as  to  receive  the  support  of 
senators  who  desire  the  defeat  of  the  treaty. 
While  masquerading  in  the  guise  of  reserva- 
tions they  are  in  fact  alterations  of  the  treaty. 
They  have  all  the  vic^s  of  amendments  and 
the  additional  vice  of  pretending  to  be  what 
they  are  not.  Presented  as  parts  of  the  reso- 
lution to  ratify  the  treaty,  they  would  in  fact, 
if  adopted,  result  in  its  defeat.  All  of  them 
apply  to  the  league  of  nations  section  of  the 
treaty.  Those  who  oppose  the  league  of 


nations  realize  that  it  is  invincible  on  a 
square  fight  and  they  hope  to  destroy  it  by  this 
indirection. 

"The  league  of  nations  has  stood  the  test 
of  worldwide  criticism  and  unlimited  attack. 
It  stands  to-day  as  the,  only  hope  for  world 
peace.  After  all  the  assaults  of  many  months 
its  purposes  and  provisions  stand  out  clearly 
defined,  unaffected  by  criticism  and  unyielding 
to  attack.  x 

The  League  of  Natipns. 

"The  league  of  nations  proposes  to  organize 
the  nations  of  the  world  for  peace  whereas 
they  have  always  heretofore  been  organized 
for  war.  It  proposes  to  establish  the  rule 
of  international  justice  in  place  of  force.  It 
proposes  to  make  a  war  of  conquest  impossi- 
ble by  uniting  all  nations  against  the  offender. 

"It  is  the  first  international  arrangement 
ever  made  by  which  small  and  weak  nations 
are  given  the  organized  strength  of  the  world 
for  protection. 

"It  is  a  covenant  between  many  nations  by 
which  each  agrees  not  to  do  certain  things 
which  in  the  past  have  produced  wars  and  to 
do  many  things  which  have  been  found  to 
preserve  the  peace, 

"It  is  a  working  plan  for  the  gradual  re- 
duction of  armament  by  all  members  simul- 
taneously in  proper  proportion  and  by  agree- 
ment. 

"It  sets  up  arbitration  as  a  friendly  method 
of  adjusting  disputes  and  inquiry  when  arbi- 
tration is  not  agreed  to.  In  both  cases  it 
provides  a  cooling-off  period  of  nine  months 
during  which  the  differences  may  be  adjusted. 

"It  preserves  the  territorial  integrity  and 
political  independence  of  each  member  and 
leaves  to  each  the  exercise  of  its  sovereign 
rights  as  a  nation. 

"It  will  save  the  world  from  wars  and  prep- 
aration for  wars.  It  will  reduce  armies  and 
navies  and  taxes. 

"It  will  help  to  remove  the  discontent  with 
government  in  all  countries  by  making  gov- 
ernment beneficent  and  devoting  its  revenues 
to  constructive  rather  than  to  destructive 
purposes. 

"It  is  the  only  plan  proposed  fo  redeem 
the  world  from  war,  pestilence  and  famine. 
The  only  one  by  which  a  stricken  world  can 
be  redeemed  from  the  disasters  of  the  late 
war  and  the  dangers  of  impending  interna- 
tional chaos.  Those  who  dally  and  delay  as 
they  seek  with  microscopes  to  find  some  petty 
flaw  in  its  structure  have  nothing  themselves 
to  propose.  They  have  appealed  to  every 
prejudice  and  resorted  to  every  desperate 
method  of  attack  to  destroy  this  great  inter- 
national effort  to  establish  peace,  but  they 
suggest  nothing  in  its  place. 

"They  denounce  the  public  demand  for  ener- 
getic action  as  'clamor.'  They  rail  at  the 
president,  who  with  the  representatives  of 
many  other  nations  has  devoted  months  of 
hard  work  to  a  great  constructive  effort  to 
settle  the  terms  and  reorganize  the  world  for 
peace.  Finally,  unable  to  stem  the  tide  of 
public  demand  for  the  league  of  nations,  they 
resort  to  so-called  reservations  in  the  hope 
that  they  can  destroy  by  indirection  what 
they  have  found  unassailable  by  direct  attack. 

"We  renew  our  recommendation  that  the 
work  of  the  peace  conference  be  confirmed, 
the  will  of  the  people  fulfilled,  and  the 
peace  of  the  world  advanced  by  the  ratifica- 
tion of  this  treaty — 'the  best  hope  of  the 
world' — even  if  like  all  human  instrumentali- 
ties it  be  not  divinely  perfect  in  every  detail." 

The  minority  rwort  was  sierned  by  Gilbert 
M.  Hitchcock.  John  Sharp  Williams,  Claude 
A.  Swanson.  Atlee  Pomerene.  Marcus  A.  Smith 
and  Key  Pittman.  all  democrats. 


716 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


THE  McCUMBER  REPORT. 

The  report  submitted  by  Porter  J.  McCum- 
ber  of  North  Dakota  on  Sept.  15  was  in  the 
nature  of  a  severe  arraignment  of  the  majority 
report,  which  he  characterized  as  betraying-  a 
selfish,  immoral  and  .dishonorable  attitude. 
SENATE  DEBATE. 

The  debate  on  the  peace  treaty,  or  rather 
on  the  league  of  nations  covenant,  was  lone 
and  at  times  acrimonious.  The  opponents  and 
advocates  of  the  league  were  not  divided 
strictly  on  party  lines  but  generally  speak- 
ing the  republicans  were  against  it  and  the 
democrats  were  for  it,  though  with  the  ex- 
ception of  certain  irreconcilables  in  both  par- 
ties the  sentiment  of  the  majority  of  the 
senators  seemed  to  be  in  favor  of  ratifica- 
tion with  certain  reservations  or  interpreta- 
tions. The  irreconcilables  included  such  men 
as  Hiram  W.  Johnson  of  California,  William 
E.  Borah  of  Idaho,  Lawrence  Y.  Sherman  of 
Illinois,  republicans,  and  James  A.  Reed  of 
Missouri,  democrat.  Among1  those  who  favored 
the  ratification  of  the  treaty  with  "mild 
reservations"  were  Arthur  Capper  of  Kansas. 
Albert  B.  Cummins  of  Iowa.  Frank  B.  Kellogg 
and  Knute  Nelson  of  Minnesota.  Irvine  L. 
Lenroot  of  Wisconsin  and  Porter  J.  McCum- 
ber  of  North  Dakota. 

AMENDMENTS  REJECTED. 

The  first  test  of  strength  came  on  the  thirty- 
five  textual  amendments  to  the  treaty  offered 
by  Senator  Fall,  republican,  of  New  Mexico 
On  Oct.  2  these  were  defeated  by  decisive  ma- 
jorities, seventeen  republicans  voting  against 
them.  On  Oct.  16  the  Lodge  amendments 
changing-  the  Shantung-  provisions  of  the 
treaty  were  defeated  by  a  vote  of  35  for  to 
55  against.  Some  of  the  senators  voting 
against  it  announced  that  they  were  in  favor 
of  reservations  in  regard  to  the  Shantung  mat- 
ter but  would  not  vote  for  any  amendment 
because  that  would  involve  seeding  the  treaty 
back  to  the  signatory  powers.  Fourteen  re- 
publicans voted  against  the  amendments.  They 
were  Senators  Colt.  Cummins,  Hale.  Kellogg. 
Kenyon,  Keyes,  Lenroot,  McCumber,  McNary, 
Nelson,  Smoot,  Spencer,  Sterling  and  Town- 
send. 

On  Oct.  22  and  23  the  foreign  relations 
committee  reported  fifteen  revised  reserva- 
tions, including  preamble.  The  text  of  each 
of  these  will  be  given  as  it  came  before  the 
senate  to  be  voted  upon. 

The  senate  on  Oct.  27  by  a  vote  of  40  to 
38  defeated  an  amendment  offered  by  Senator 
Johnson  of  California  to  give  the  United 
States  as  many  votes  in  the  league  as  Britain 
and  her  dominions  possessed.  Other  amend- 
ments of  a  similar  nature  were  defeated  on 
the  29th.  On  Nov.  4  Senator  Lodge  made 
a  motion  to  strike  out  all  reference  to  the 
Shantung  settlement  in  the  peace  treaty.  The 
motion  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  41  to  26. 
Nov.  5  Senator  LaFollette  of  "Yisconsin  of- 
fered a  motion  to  strike  out  the  labor  sections 
from  the  treaty.  The  motion  was  defeated 
47  to  34. 

PREAMBLE   ADOPTED. 

On  Nov.  7  the  first  of  the  committee  reserva- 
tions came  up  for  action.  This  was  the  pre- 
amble, reading  as  follows: 

"The  reservations  -and  understandings 
adopted  by  the  senate  are  to  be  made  a  part 
and  a  condition  of  the  resolution  of  ratifica- 
tion, which  ratification  is  not  to  take  effect 
or  bind  the  United  States  until  the  said  res- 
ervations and  understandings  adopted  by  the 
senate  have  been  accepted  by  an  exchange  of 
notes  as  a  part  and  a  condition  of  said  reso- 
lution of  ratification,  by  at  least  three  of  the 
lour  principal  allied  and  associated  powers. 
to  wit.  Great  Britain.  France.  Italy  and  Japan." 

The    preamble    was    adopted    by    a    vote    of 


48  to  40.  Three  democrats.  Gore.  Reed  and 
Walsh  (Mass.)  voted  with  forty -five  repub- 
licans for  the  preamble.  McCumber  was  the 
only  republican  to  vote  against  it. 

•      RESERVATIONS    ADOPTED. 

On  Nov.  8  the  second  reservation  proposed 
by  the  committee  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of 
50  yeas  to  35  nays.  The  reservation  reads: 

"2.  The  United  States  so  understands  and 
construes  article  1  that  in  case  of  notice  of 
withdrawal  from  the  league  of  nations,  as 
provided  in  said  article,  the  United  States 
shall  be  the  sole  judge  as  to  whether  all 
its  international  obligations  and  all  its  obliga- 
tions under  the  said  covenant  have  been  ful- 
filled, and  notice  of  withdrawal  by  the  United 
States  may  be  given  by  a  concurrent  resolu- 
tion of  the  congress  of  the  United  States." 

On  Nov.  13  the  third  committee  reserva- 
tion was  agreed  to  by  a  vote  of  46  yeas  to 
33  nays.  The  text  follows: 

"3.  The  United  States  assumes  no  obliga- 
tion to  preserve  the  territorial  integrity  or 
political  independence  of  any  other  country  or 
to  interfere  in  controversies  between  nations — 
whether  members  of  the  league  or  not— under 
the  provisions  of  article  10,  or  to  employ  tho 
military  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States 
under  any  article  of  the  treaty  for  any  pur- 
pose, unless  in  any  particular  case  the  con- 
gress, which,  under  the  constitution,  has  the 
sole  power  to  declare  war  or  authorize  the 
employment  of  the  military  or  naval  force* 
of  the  United  States,  sfcall  by  act  or  joint 
resolution  so  provide." 

Reservation  No.  4  offered  by  the  commitice 
was  adopted  Nov.  15  without  a  roll  call.  The 
reservation  reads: 

"4.  No  mandate  shall  be  accepted  by  the 
United  States  under  article  22.  Part  I.,  or 
any  other  provision  of  the  treaty  of  peace  with 
Germany,  except  by  action  of  the  congress  of 
the  United  States." 

Reservation  No,  5  was  adopted  the  same 
day  by  a  vote  of  59  to  36.  The  reservation 
as  amended  by  the  inclusion  of  the  words  "and 
all  Questions  affecting  the  present  boundaries 
of  the  United  States  and  its  insular  or  other 
possessions."  was  as  follows: 

"5.  The  United  States  reserves  to  itself  ex- 
clusively the  right  to  decide  what  questions  are 
within  its  domestic  jurisdiction  and  declares 
that  all  domestic  and  political  questions  re- 
lating wholly  or  in  part  to  its  internal  affairs, 
including  immigration,  labor,  coastwise  traf- 
fic, the  tariff,  commerce,  the  suppression  of 
traffic  in  women  and  children  and  in  opium 
and  other  dangerous  drugs,  and  all  other 
domestic  questions,  and  all  questions  affecting1 
the  present  boundaries  of  the  United  States 
and  its  insular  or  other  possessions,  are  solely 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States 
and  are  not  under  this  treaty  to  be  submit- 
ted in  any  way  either  to  arbitration  or  to  the 
consideration  of  the  council  or  of  the  assem- 
bly of  the  league  of  nations,  or  any  agency 
thereof,  or  to  the  decision  or  recommendation 
of  any  other  power." 

[The  amendatory  words  quoted  above  were 
stricken  out  by  the  senate  Nov.  18.] 

Committee  reservation  No.  6  was  adopted  on 
the  same  day  by  a  vote  of  55  to  34.  It  fol- 
lows: 

"6.  The  United  States  will  not  submit  to 
arbitration  or  to  inquiry  by  the  assembly  or 
by  the  council  of  the  league  of  nations,  pro- 
vided for  in  said  treaty  of  peace,  any  ques- 
tions which  in  the  judgment  of  the  United 
States  depend  upon  or  relate  to  its  long-estab- 
lished policy,  commonly  known  as  the  Monroe 
doctrine:  said  doctrine  is  to  be  interpreted  by 
the  United  States  alone  and  is  hereby  declared 
to  be  wholly  outside  the  jurisdiction  of  said 
league  of  nations  and  entirely  unaffected  by 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOE   1920. 


717 


any  provision  contained  in  the  said  treaty  of 
peace  with   Germany." 

Committee  reservation  No.  7  was  agreed  to 
the  same  day  by  a  vote  of  53  to  41.  It  fol- 
lows: 

"7.  The  United  States  withholds  its  assent 
to  articles  156.  157  and  158.  and  reserves 
lull  liberty  91  action  with  respect  to  any  con- 
troversy which  may  arise  under  said  articles 
between  the  republic  of  China  and  the  empire 
of  Japan." 

Committee  reservation  No.  8  was  agreed  to 
on  the  same  day  by  a  vote  of  yeas  54,  nays 
40.  It  follows: 

"8.  The  congress  of  the  United  States  will 
provide  by  law  for  the  appointment  of  the 
representatives  of  the  United  States  in  the  as- 
sembly and  the  council  of  the  league  of  na- 
tions, and  may  in  its  discretion  provide  for 
the  participation  9f  the  United  States  in  any 
commission,  committee,  tribunal,  court,  counci 
or  conference,  or  in  the  selection  of  any  mem 
bers  thereof  and  for  the  appointment  of  mem 
bers  of  said  commissions,  committees,  tribunals 
courts,  councils  or  conferences,  or  any  other 
representatives  under  the  treaty  of  peace,  or 
in  carrying  out  its  provisions,  and  until  such 
participation  and  appointment  have  been 
so  provided  for  and  the  powers  and  duties  of 
•uch  representatives  have  been  defined  by  law 
no  person  shall  represent  the  United  States 
under  either  said  league  of  nations  or  the 
treaty  of  peace  with  Germany  or  be  author- 
ized to  perform  any  act  for  or  on  behalf  ol 
the  United  States  thereunder,  and  no  citizen  of 
the  United  States  shall  be  selected  or  ap- 
pointed as  a  member  of  said  commissions, 
committees,  tribunals,  courts,  councils  or  con- 
ferences except  with  the  approval  of  the  sen- 
ate of  the  United  States." 

Committee  reservation  No.  9  was  adopted 
the  same  day  by  a  vote  of  yeas  54.  nays  40. 
The  reservation  was: 

"9.  The  United  States  understands  that  the 
reparations  commission  will  regulate  or  inter- 
fere with  exports  from  the  United  States  to 
Germany,  or  from  Germany  to  the  United 
States,  only  when  the  United  States  by  act  or 
joint  resolution  of  congress  approves  such 
regulation  or  interference." 

Committee  reservation  No.  10  was  agreed 
to  the  same  day  by  a  vote  of  yeas  56.  nays 
39.  The  reservation  was: 

"10.  The  United  States  shall  not  be  obli- 
grated  to  contribute  to  any  expenses  of  the 
league  of  nations,  or  of  the  secretariat,  or  of 
any  commission,  or  committee,  or  conference, 
or  other  agency  organized  under  the  league  of 
nations  or  under  the  treaty  or  for  the  purpose 
of  carrying  out  the  treaty  provisions,  unless 
and  until  an  appropriation  of  funds  available 
for  such  expenses  shall  have  been  made  by  the 
congress  of  the  United  States." 

Reservation  No.  11  submitted  by  the  com- 
mittee was  agreed  to  the  same  day  by  a  vote 
of  56  to  39.  It  was: 

"11.  If  the  United  States  shall  at  any  time 
adopt  any  plan  for  the  limitation  of  arma- 
ments proposed  by  the  council  of  the  league 
of  nations  under  the  provisions  of  article  8,  it 
reserves  the  right  to  increase  such  armaments 
without  the  consent  of  the  council  whenever 
the  United  States  is  threatened  with  invasion 
or  engaged  in  war." 

Committee  reservation  No.  12  was  adopted 
the  same  day  by  a  vote  of  53  to  41.  The 
reservation  was: 

"12.  The  United  States  reserves  the  right 
to  permit,  in  its  discretion,  the  nationals  of  a 
covenant-breaking  state,  as  defined  in  article 
16  of  the  covenant  of  the  league  of  nations, 
residing  within  the  United  States  or  in  coun- 
tries other  than  that  violating  said  article  16, 
to  continue  their  cpmmercial.  financial  and 
personal  relations  with  the  nationals  of  the 
United  States." 


Committee  reservation  No.  13  was  adopted 
the  same  day  by  a  vote  of  52  yeas  to  41  nays. 
It  follows: 

"13.  Nothing  in  articles  296.  297.  or  in 
any  of  the  annexes  thereto,  or  in  any  other 
article,  section  or  annex  of  the  treaty  of 
peace  with  Germany,  shall,  as  against  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  be  taken  to  mean  any 
confirmation,  ratification  or  approval  of  any 
act  otherwise  illegal  or  in  contravention  of  the 
rights  of  citizens  of  the  United  States." 

On  Nov.  17  committee  reservation  No.  14 
was  rejected  by  a  vote  of  29  to  64.  The  pro- 
posed reservation  reads: 

"14.  The  United  States  declines  to  accept, 
as  trustee  or  in  her  own  right,  any  interest  in 
or  any  responsibility  for  the  government  or 
disposition  of  the  overseas  possessions  of  Ger- 
many, her  rights  and  titles  to  which  Germany 
renounces  to  the  principal  allied  and  associated 
powers  under  articles  119  to  127.  inclusive." 
Committee  reservation  No.  15  was  rejected 
the  same  day  by  a  vote  of  56  to  36.  The 
proposed  reservation  reads: 

"15.  The  United  States  reserves  to  itself  ex- 
clusively the  right  to  decide  what  questions  at- 
fect  its  honor  or  its  vital  interests  and  declares 
that  such  questions  are  not  under  this  treaty 
to  be  submitted  in  any  way  either  to  arbitra- 
tion or  to  the  consideration  of  the  council  or 
of  the  assembly  of  the  league  of  nations  or 
any  agency  thereof  or  to  the  decision  or  rec- 
ommendation of  any  other  power." 

In  the  course  of  the  debate  on  the  foregoing 
reservations  many  amendments  were  rejected. 

On  Nov.  18  the  following  reservation  of- 
fered by  Senator  McCumber  was  adopted  by  a 
vote  of  54  to  35: 

"The  United  States  withholds  its  assent  to 
Part  XIII.  comprising  articles  387  to  427.  in- 
clusive, of  the  said  treaty  of  peace,  and  ex- 
cepts  and  reserves  the  same  from  the  act  of 
ratification,  and  the  United  States  declines  to 
participate  in  any  way  in  the  said  general  con- 
ference, or  to  participate  in  the  election  of 
the  governing  body  of  the  international  labor 
office  constituted  by  said  articles,  and  declines 
in  any  way  to  contribute  or  be  bound  to  con- 
tribute to  the  expenditures  of  said  general 
conference  or  international  labor  office." 

The  following-  reservation  offered  by  Senator 
Lenroot  of  Wisconsin  was  also  adopted  the 
same  day  by  a  vote  of  55  yeas  to  38  nays: 

"The  United  States  assumes  no  obligation  to 
be  bound  by  any  election,  decision,  report  or 
finding  of  the  council  or  assembly  in  which 
any  member  of  the  league  and  its  self-govern- 
ing dominions,  colonies  or  parts  of  empire  in 
the  aggregate  have  cast  more  than  one  vote, 
and  assumes  no  obligation  to  be  bound  by  any 
decision,  report  or  finding  of  the  council  or 
assembly  arising  out  of  any  dispute  between 
the  United  States  and  any  member  of  the 
"eague  if  such  member  or  any  self-governing: 
dominion,  colony,  empire  or  part  of  empire 
united  with  it  politically  has  voted." 

TREATY  RATIFICATION   DEFEATED. 
On  Nov.  19  Senator  Lodge  moved  the  ratifl- 
ation  of  the  treaty  subject  to  the  reservations 
and  understandings  adopted  by  the  senate.    Be- 
fore   a    vote    was    taken    the    following    letter 
from   President    Wilson    to    Senator    Hitchcock 
was  read: 

"The  White  House.  Washington.  18  Novem- 
ber, 1919. — My  Dear  Senator:  You  were  good 
enough  to  bring  me  word  that  the  democratic 
senators  supporting  the  treaty  expected  to  hold 
a  conference  before  the  final  vote  on  the  Lodgre 
•esolution  of  ratification  and  that  they  would 
be  glad  to  receive  a  word  of  counsel  from  me. 
"I  should  hesitate  to  offer  it  in  any  detail, 
mt  I  assume  that  the  senators  only  desire  my 
udgment  upon  the  all -important  question  of 
he  final  vote  on  the  resolution  containing  the 


718 


ALMANAC    A.ND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


many  reservations  by  Senator  Lodge.     On  that                                        Nays—  53. 

I    cannot    hesitate,    for.    in    my    opinion,    the  ;  Ball                        Johnson,  Cal.       Poindexter 

resolution  in   that   form  does  not  provide   for    Borah                    Jones.  Wash.        Reed 

ratification  but  rather  for  the  nullification   of     Brandegee            Kellogg                 LaFollette 

the   treaty.      I  sincerely  hope  that   the  friends     Calder                    Kenyon                  Sherman 

and  supporters  of  the  treaty  will  vote  against    Capper                   Keyes                     Shields 

the  Lodge  resolution  of  ratification.                       ;  Colt                        Knox                     Smith.   Ga. 

"I    understand   that    the   door    will   probably  ,  Cummins              Lenroot                 Smoot 

then  be  open  for  -a  genuine  resolution  of  rat-  ;  Curtis                    Lodge                     Spencer 

lfl"atTru'st  that   all  true  friends  of  the  .treaty 

Dillingham          McCormick           Sterling 
Edge                      McLean                 Sutherland 

will  refuse  to  support  the  Lodge  resolution. 

Elkins                   McNary                 Thomas 

"Cordially  and  sincerely  yours. 

Fernald                 Moses                    Townsend 

"WOODROW   WILSON." 

France                   New                        Trammell 

Frelinghuysen     Newberry              Wadsworth 

The  Lodge  resolution  of  ratification  was  de- 

Gore                      Norris                    Walsh,  Mass. 

feated  by  the  following  vote: 

Gronna                  Page                       Warren 

Hale                       Penrose                  Watson 

Yeas—  S9. 

Harding                Phipps 

Ball                        Jones.  Wash.       Penrose 

Not   Voting—  4  . 

Oalder                   Kellogg                I?-i!S8 

Culberson             Kendrick               Nelson 

Capper                  Kenyon                 Shields 

Fall 

Colt                        Keyes                     Smith.   Ga. 

TO  DECLARE  WAR  ENDED. 

Cummins              Lenroot                 Smoot 
cSrtis                    Lodge                    Spencer 
Dillingham          McCumber           Sterling 
Edge                      McLean                 Sutherland 
Elkins                   McNary                Townsend 
Frelinghnysen     Nelson                   Wadsworth 

Senator  Lodge  offered   the  following  concur- 
rent   resolution,    which    was    referred    to    the 
committee   on   foreign   relations: 
"Whereas    by    resolution    of    congress    adopted 
April   6,    1917,    and  by   reason   of   acts  com- 
mitted   by    the    then    German    government,    a 

Gore                       New                       Walsh.  Mass. 
Hale                      Newberry             Warren 
Harding1                Page                      Watson 

state   of   war  was  declared   to   exist  between 
that  government  and  the  United  States:   and 
"Whereas  the  said  acts  of  the  German  govern- 

Nays— 55 

ment  have  long  since  ceased:   and 

"Whereas    by    an    armistice    signed    Nov.    11. 

Ashurst                 Johnson.  S.  D.     Pomerene 

1918.    hostilities   between    Germany    and    the 

Bankhead             Jones.  N.  Mex.     Ransdell 

allied     and    associated     powers     were     termi- 

Beckham             Kendrick              Reed 

nated:    and 

5SSS*.      Sftr           fSSSS 

"Whereas  by  the  terms  of   the  treaty   of  Ver- 
sailles  Germany  is  to  be   at   peace   with   all 

Chamberlain        Knox 

the     nations     engaged    in     war    against    her 

Culberson             LaFollette            Simmons 

whenever      three      governments,      designated 

T)iai                        McCormick          Smith.  Ariz. 

therein,     have     ratified     said    treaty:      Now. 

Fernald                McKellar              Smith.  Md. 

therefore,  be  it 

Fletcher                Moses                    Smith.  S.  C. 

"Resolved  by  the  senate    (the  house  of  rep- 

France                  Myers                    Stanley 

resentatives    concurring).    That    the    said   state 

Gav                        Norris                   Swanson 

of     war    between     Germany     and     the    United 

Gerry                     Nugent                  Thomas 

States  is  hereby  declared  to  be  at  an  end." 

Gronna                  Overman               Trammell 
Harris                   Owen                     Underwood 

The  senate  adjourned  on  Nov.  19  to  meet  in 
regular  session  on  Dec.  1. 

Harrison               Phelan          •        Walsh.  Mont. 
Henderson             Pittman                 Williams 
ffiteheock            Poindexter           Wolcott 
Johnson.  Cal. 

BULGARIAN   TREATY    OF    PEACE. 
The   treaty   of  peace  between   the  allied   and 
associated   states    and   Bulgaria    was   signed   in 
the    Salle   des   Fetes    at    Neuilly.    a    suburb    of 

A    motion    to    reconsider   was    adopted    by    a 

Paris.  France,  Nov.  27,  1919.    The  ceremonies 

vote    of    63   yeas    to    30   nays    and   the   treaty 

were    similar   to    those    at    the    signing    of    the 

was    declared    by    the    vice-president    to    be    in 

German    'and    Austrian    treaties,    but    less    im- 

committee   of    the    whole.     After    the    decision 

pressive  owing  to  the  absence  of  most  of  the 

of   the  chair  had  been  reversed  by  the  senate 

leading  men   of   the  peace  conference,   Premier 

and   considerable   debate   had    taken    place    an- 
other vote  was  taken  on  the  Lodge  resolution 

Clemenceau  being   the   only   notable   exception. 
He   opened  and  closed  the  proceedings  with   a 

to  ratify  the  treaty  with  reservations.     It  was 

few   words.    On  behalf  of  Bulgaria   the  treaty 

again    rejected    by    a    vote    of    51    nays    to    41 

was    signed   by   M.    Stamboulisky.    the  premier 

of  the  Balkan  state.    Messrs.  Polk,  White  and 

Senator    Underwood    then    offered    a    resolu- 
tion  ratifying   the    treaty    of    peace    with    Ger- 
many unconditionally.    The  resolution  was  de- 
feated  by   a   vote   of    38   yeas   to    53   nays   as 

Bliss   signed   for   the  United   States. 
The    treaty    with   Bulgaria   follows    the    lines 
of  those  in  the  German  and  Austrian  treaties, 
including    the    league    of    nations.     It    contains 
the    league    of    nations,    labor,    aerial    naviga- 

follows:                      Yea+-18 

tion,   prisoners    of   war  and  graves   provisions. 

i  ccrs—  j  o. 

Regarding     the     remaking     of     the     Bulgarian 

Ashurst                 Jones,  N.  Mex.     Robinson 

frontiers,    the    important    changes    are    to    the 

Bankhead            King                       Sheppard 

south,    where    Bulgaria    cedes    western    Thrace 

Beckham              Kirby                     Simmons 

to    the   principal   allied    and   associated  powers 

Chamberlain        McCumber           Smith.  Ariz. 

and   agrees   to    accept   whatever  disposition   of 

Dial                        McKellar              Smith.  Md. 

this    territory    the    powers    ultimately    decide. 

Fletcher                Myers                    Smith.  S.  C. 

but    it    is    stipulated    that    in    any    event    Bul- 

Gay                       Nugent                  Stanley 

garia's    western    frontiers    shall    be     modified 

Gerry                     Overman               Swanson 

slightly     in     four    places    to     Serbia's     advan- 

Harris                   Owen                     Underwood 

tage. 

Harrison                Phelan                   Walsh.  Mont. 

The    Bulgarians    are    required    to    recognize 

Henderson            Pittman                Williams 

the     independence     of     the     Serb.     Croat     and 

Hitchcock            Pomerene             Wolcott 

Slovene    state,     and    provisions    are    made    to 

Johnson,  S.  D.     Ransdell 

change   the   nationality    of    the  inhabitants    of 

ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


719 


the  territory  formerly  Bulgarian  and  trans- 
ferred to  pther  states.  Provisions  are  made 
for  protection  of  the  minprities  of  race,  lan- 
guage, nationality  and  religion. 

Within  three  months  the  Bulgarians  are  re- 
quired to  demobilize  the  army  and  substitute 
volunteer  enlistments.  The  Bulgarian  army 
is  reduced  to  20.000  men.  exclusively  for  the 
maintenance  of  order  and  frontier  control. 

Bulgaria  is  required  to  pay  as  reparations 
2.250.000.000  francs  (S450.000.000)  in  gold 
within  thirty-seven  years.  Bulgaria  re- 
nounces the  benefits  of  the  Bukharest  and 
Brest-Litovsk  treaties  and  agrees  to  surrender 
the  moneys  and  securities  received  according 
to  those  treaties. 

NO   TREATY    WITH   TURKEY. 

While  Turkish  representatives  visited  Paris 
and  the  peace  conference  sent  missions  to 
Turkey,  no  steps  appear  to  have  been  taken 
to  negotiate  a  formal  peace  treaty  with  the 
Ottoman  empire.  It  was  the  understanding 
toward  the  close  of  1919  that  the  league  of 
nations  might  arrange  a  war  settlement  with 
Turkey  or  that  the  negotiations  would  be  con- 
ducted through  ordinary  diplomatic  channels. 
TREATY  RATIFIED  BY  OTHER  COUNTRIES. 

The  treaty  of  peace  with  Germany  was 
ratified  by  the  British  house  of  commons  July 
21.  King  George  affixing  his  signature  to  the 
act  of  ratification  Oct.  10.  All  the  British 
dominions  accepted  the  treaty.  Canada  ratify- 
ing it  Sept.  4  and  11;  Australia.  Sept.  19-Oct. 
1:  New  Zealand.  Sept.  2.  and  Union  of  South 
Africa.  Sept.  10  and  12. 

The  French  chamber  of  deputies  ratified  the 


REVOLUTIONS 

Hungary  was  proclaimed  an  independent  re- 
public Nov.  16.  1918.  and  Count  Michael 
Karolyi  was  made  provisional  president.  A 
provisional  national  assembly  was  created  at 
the  same  time.  Difficulties  with  the  entente 
and  Roumania  over  boundary  questions  arose 
and  the  Karolyi  cabinet  resigned,  giving  way 
on  March  22,  1919.  to  a  bolshevist  cabinet  in 
which  Bela  Kun.  the  "people's  commissioner 
for  foreign  affairs,"  was  the  ruling  spirit, 
though  Alexander  Garbai  was  the  premier.  A 
soviet  government  on  the  Russian  model  was 
established.  It  was  not  a  success  and  the  city 
of  Budapest,  the  capital,  was  the  scene  of 
many  riots,  killings,  executions  and  counter- 
revolutions. On  July  17  Bela  Kun  was  forced 
to  resign  and  was  succeeded  by  Tibor  Szamue- 
ly  and  other  radical  leaders.  Then  the  Rou- 
manians came  and  on  Aug.  4  occupied  the  city 
with  an  army  of  30,000  men.  It  was  said 


treaty  Oct.  2  by  a  vote  of  372  to  53:  the 
senate  by  unanimous  vote  Oct.  11.  and  Presi- 
dent Poincare  signed  the  ratification  act 
Oct.  14. 

Italy  ratified  the  treaty  by  royal  decree 
Oct.  7. 

Japan's  imperial  council  ratified  the  treaty 
Oct.  12  and  its  action  was  approved  by  the 
emperor  Oct.  30. 

Belgium  ratified  the  treaty  Aug.  8  and  26. 
Poland  ratified  it  July  21. 

THE  LEAGUE  OF   NATIONS. 

The  provisional  organization  of  the  league 
of  nations  was  completed  in  Paris,  France, 
May  5.  1919.  It  came  into  official  existence 
Oct.  13  when  the  secretariat  was  formally 
notified  that  France,  Great  Britain  and  Italy 
had  ratified  the  German  peace  treaty.  The 
failure  of  the  United  States  senate  to  ratify 
caused  delay  in  setting  the  machinery  of  the 
league  in  motion,  but  it  was  said  that  the  other 
powers  would  go  ahead  without  the  United 
States.  Up  to  Dec.  1  a  number  of  nations 
outside  the  big  powers  had  announced  their 
adherence  to  the  league.  Among  them  were 
Chile  and  Spain. 

On  Oct.  14  Leon  Bourgeois  was  appointed  as 
the  French  representative  on  the  council  ol 
the  league. 

Officers   and   Headquarters. 
Secretary -General— Sir    Eric    Drummond.    Great 

Britain. 

Temporary  Chairman — Stephen  Pichon.  France. 
Temporary  Headquarters— Sunderland  House. 

London.   England. 
Permanent  Headquarters— Geneva.   Switzerland. 


IN  HUNGARY. 

that    they    killed    many    civilians    and    did    a 
great  deal  of  pillaging. 

On   Aug.    7   the   peace  cabinet   in   Paris  was 


Un  Aug.  7  the  peace  cabinet  in  Fans  was 
advised  that  a  newly  formed  Hungarian  cabinet 
headed  by  Julius  Peidl  had  been  overthrown 
and  that  Archduke  Joseph  had  established  a 
ministry  in  Budapest.  It  was  suspected  that 
this  was  the  first  step  toward  the  restoration 
of  the  monarchical  system,  but  this  was  de- 
nied. The  allies,  however,  decid  d  that  it 
would  not  be  wise  to  back  UP  Archduke  Jo- 
seph and  at  their  request  he  resigned  Aug.  22. 
Premier  Stephen  Friedrich  continued  in  office 
as  the  head  of  the  temporary  government  un- 
til he  was  succeeded  on  Nov.  22  by  Karl  Hus- 
zar  as  minis  ter-presidentj 

The  Roumanians  after  being  repeatedly  re- 
quested to  do  so  evacuated  Budapest  and  Hun- 
gary the  second  week  in  November. 


THE    BALTIC     PROVINCES    IN     1919. 


The  states  bordering  on  the  eastern  and 
southern  shores  of  the  Baltic  sea.  the  Gulf  of 
Riga  and  the  Gulf  of  Finland  and  known  gen- 
erally as  the  Baltic  provinces  had  a  difficult 
time  in  1919.  They  were  attacked  on  the 
one  side  by  the  troops  of  Gen.  von  der  Goltz, 
who  refused  to  obey  either  the  orders  of  the 
authorities  in  Berlin  or  of  the  supreme  coun- 
cil in  Paris,  and  on  the  other  side  by  the 
soviet  armies  of  Russia.  In  addition  one  of 
them.  Esthonia.  was  made  the  base  of  Gen. 
Yudenitch's  ill  fated  expedition  against  Petro- 
grad  and  its  neutrality  was  imperiled  con- 
stantly. The  main  concern  of  the  provinces 
was  to  retain  their  independence  as  republics 
and  at  the  same  time  to  establish  such  rela- 


tions with  the  greater  powers,  Russia  included, 
as  would  enable  them  to  exist  economically. 
Their  armies  were  small  and  poorly  supplied 
with  food,  clothing  and  munitions  of  w^r.  y  -t 
up  to  Dec.  1.  1919.  they  had  managed  to  de- 
fend themselves.  The  Germans  at  that  time 
had  been  defeated.  Gen.  Yudenitch  had  failed 
in  his  enterprise  and  the  bolsheviki  were  ap- 
parently anxious  to  make  peace.  Conferences 
were  held  at  Dorpat  in  November,  ostensibly 
to  arrange  for  the  exchange  of  prisoners,  but 
mainly  for  the  purpose  of  inaugurating  peace 
negotiations. 

Antanas  Smetonas  was  elected  president  of 
the  Lithuanian  republic  on  April  4.  1919.  and 
took  the  oath  before  the  tarbya  or  parliament. 


LUXEMBURG    REMAINS    A    DUCHY. 


By  means  of  a  plebiscite  taken  Sept.  28. 
1919.  the  people  of  the  little  independent 
duchy  of  Lux?mburg  decided  in  favor  of  re- 
taining Grand  Duchess  Charlotte  as  their  ruler 
and  of  economic  union  with  France.  The 


voters  had  the  choice  of  retaining  the  duchess, 
selecting  another  of  the  same  family,  substi- 
tuting another  dynasty,  or  establishing  a  re- 
public. The  vote  was  about  two  to  one  in 
favor  of  Charlotte. 


720 


ALMANAC   AiND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


VICTORY  PARADES  IN  PARIS  AND  LONDON. 


The  allied  victory  in  the  war  W-th  Germany 
and  her  associates  was  celebrated  with  mag- 
ninWnt  military  parades  in  Pans  and  London 
S  July  191$7  soon  after  the  German  peace 
had  been  signed  and  accepted  by  the 
The  celebration  in  Paris  oc- 
14  the  national  holiday  or 
ase  le  in  London  it  took  place  on 

July  10.    There  were  many  other  celebrations. 
these  were  by  far  the  most  notable.      In 


defeated  power 

5S    nn    J 
Bastme  day 


[>ops. 
fifty 


followed    the   wounded,    riding    alone.     .Behind 


Both    the    mlUtaiy 


npam  . 


composite    battalion    from    resriments    of    the 

*385ff3g%A 


PThee  great  parade,  which  was  witnessed  by 
an  immense  throng-  of  people  all  along  the 

riAeT/btque^w^re  The^s  XSH 
Site?  Sassin*  before  the  French  marshals 
Joch  and  Jolfre.  The  day  was  one  long-  to  be 
remembered  in  the  annals  of  the  French  cap- 
it al.  thV  scene  of  so  many  stirring:  events  m 
the  world's  history. 

VICTORY  DAY  IN  LONDON. 
No  less  remarkable  than  the  victory  parade 
in  Paris  was  that  in  London  on  Saturday. 
June  19.  People  began  to  assemble  along  the 
line  ol  march  the  nig-ht  before  and  when  the 
march  began  both  s'des  of  the  .route  were  so 
packed  with  humanity  that  in  places  the 
troops  had  difficulty  in  getting  through.  Nine- 
teen thousand  soldiers  all.  selected  from  the 
most  famous  combat  divisions  of  the  British 
£nd  allied  armies,  took  part  in  the  Parade 
which  was  more  than  six  miles  in  length.  It 
began  at  Albert  Gate  and  Passing  through 
ai/von  Qnnarp,  f»rr>H*e<l  the  Thames  on  the 


Sloan    Square    croe 
Vauxhall   bridge. 


The 


the    Thames    on 
line    of    march    there 


lay  through  one  ol  the  poorer  districts  of  the 
city  until  Westminster  bridge  was  reached 
where  the  river  was  recrossed.  Thence  it 
proceeded  to  Whitehall  and  Pall  Mall  to  Hyde 
Park  where  the  marchers  dispersed.  Along 
the  whole  route  all  the  building's  were  deco- 
rated with  countless  flags  and  masses  of  bunt- 
ing The  weather  was  fine  and  there  was  no 
element  lacking  to  make  the  day  even  more 
memorable  than  that  on  which  Queen  Vic- 
toria's diamond  jubilee  was  celebrated  in 

Troops    of    the    allied    and    associated    coun 


tries  were  arranged  in  alphabetical  order  and 
because  of  this  American  soldiers  came  first 
in  the  line.  There  were  three  battalions  of 
thirty-three  officers  and  1,100  men.  Gen.  John 
J.  Pershing  rode  at  their  head  with  a  color 
bearer  carrying:  his  personal  flag.  After  the 
Americans  came  French.  Italian.  Belgian.  Jap- 
anese. Polish.  Roumanian.  Portuguese,  Ser- 
bian, Siamese  and  Czecho-Slovak  troops,  the 
smaller  nations  being  represented  by 
each. 

Behind  the  allied  eection  came  Vice-Ad- 
mirals  Beatty  and  Keyes  and  other  officers  of 
he  British  grand  fleet  with  a  naval  contin- 
gent of  4.000  men.  After  them  came  1.000 
men  from  the  mercantile  marine  and  600 
women  from  various  war  services.  Next  in 
ne  came  Field  Marshal  Haig  and  his  staff  at 
the  head  of  5,000  British  troops  of  every 
branch  of  the  service,  including:  detachments 
from  all  the  dominions. 

The  parade  was  reviewed  by  King  George 
from  a  stand  erected  before  the  Queen  Vic- 
toria memorial.  With  him  were  Queen  Mary. 
Queen  Alexandra,  the  prince  ol  Wales,  the 
Princess  Mary.  Premier  Lloyd  George  and 
many  others.  Gen.  Pershing  and  Marshal 
Foch  joined  the  royal  party  on  the  reviewing: 
stand  when  they  had  finished  their  part  in 
the  parade  and  the  king  chatted  with  each  in 
turn. 

Each  of  the  noted  commanders  in  the  line 
ol  march  was  greeted  with  wild  enthusiasm 
and  Pershing-,  Foch,  Beatty  and  Haig  received 
ovations  aa  they  were  recognized.  Gen.  Per- 
shing-. who  arrived  in  England  on  July  15.  was 
the  recipient  of  many  honors  at  the  hands  of 
King  George  and  others  and  with  Field  Mar- 
shal Haig.  Admiral  Beatty  and  a  number  ol 
other  distinguished  soldiers  was  entertained 
at  luncheon  by  the  king  and  queen  in  Buck- 
ingham palace  on  the  day  ol  the  parade. 

Describing  the  appearance  of  the  Americans 
and  their  leader  in  the  parade  Douglas  New- 
ton wrote  in  Lloyd's  Sunday  News: 

"Then  Gen.  Pershing  came — a  big.  thick  man 
with  a  thrusting:  chin,  all  smiles  as  the  crowd 
let  him  have  it,  but  steady  and  soldierly,  as 
his  hand  went  up  to  salute  the  king:.  He  did 
not  carry  a  sword  as  the  other  leaders  did. 
but  his  flag-  bearer  by  him  dipped  the  red  flag: 
on  which  were  set  the  stars  of  his  rank  as 
general  of  the  American  forces.  Behind  him 
rode  the  cavalry,  taut  and  stocky  and  very 
purposeful  in  their  steel  helmets. 

"There  was  a  band  with  white  instruments 
grinding  out  'Over  There,'  and  then  in  a  bril- 
liant and  quickening-  flutter  came  the  massed 
flags  of  America.  The  Stars  and  Stripes  were 
fluttering  in  the  wind  like  things  of  flame, 
and  with  them  were  the  soberer  tones  of  the 
American  regimental  flags.  They  passed  up 
Constitution  Hill,  a  bunch  of  flapping,  leaping 
fire,  marked  strongly  against  the  ever-flutter- 
ing play  of  hats  and  handkerchiefs  and  arms 
and  flag-s  that  g-ave  the  massed  people  the 
sense  of  an  unceasing  dancing1  movement.  Be- 
hind the  flags  were  masses  of  marching  Amer- 
icans, hefty  and  springy,  flowers  in  their  rifle 
fine  heroic  air  in  their 
Those  helmets  were  a 


barrels  and  with  a 
grim  steel  helmets, 
happy  touch." 

Neither  in  the  Paris  nor  the  London  victory 
parades  were  the  dead  in  the  war  forgotten. 
In  each  city  a  cenotaph  was  erected  and  as 
the  soldiers  marched  by  they  sainted  the  me- 
morials to  their  fallen  comrades. 


PROHIBITION    VOTE    IN    OHIO. 


Ohio  voters  at  the  election  of  Nov.  4,  1919. 
voted  on  several  prohibition  or  liquor  propo- 
sitions with  the  following1  official  result: 

Ratification  of  the  federal  prohibition  amend- 
ment—Yes. 499.888;  no,  500,430. 


Two  and  three-fourths  per  cent  beer— Yes, 
474.903:  no.  504.570. 

Repeal  of  state  prohibition— Yes,  454,933;  no. 
496.782. 

Crabbe  enforcement  act  lor  statewide  pro- 
hibition law— Yes,  474,036;  no,  500,874. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


721 


hough    en- 
blockaded 


RUSSIA.  UNDER 

Russia  in  1919  continued  under  the  domina-  I 
tion  of  the  soviet  or  bolshevist  government  of 
Lenin.  Trotzky  and  Tchitcherin.  t 
circled  by  enemies  on  all  sides  and 
by  the  allies.  The  Moscow  reds  were  assailed 
from  the  direction  of  Archangel  by  allied 
troops,  from  the  west  by  a  force  of  volunteers 
under  Gen.  Yudenitch,  from  the  south  and 
southeast  by  Cossacks  and  others  commanded 
by  Gen.  Denikin  and  from  the  east  by  the 
troops  under  Admiral  Kolchak.  At  times  it 
looked  as  though  the  proletariat  dictatorship 
would  collapse,  but  lack  of  cohesion  and  unity 
at  action  among  its  opponents  enabled  it  to 
escape  defeat  and  by  the  end  of  November  it 
seemed  stronger  than  at  any  previous  time. 

Polish  troops  in  the  early  part  of  the  year 
won  several  victories  over  the  bolsheviki  at 
Vilna  and  other  points.  They  succeeded  in 
keeping  the  reds  out  of  the  Polish  republic. 

On  the  Archangel  front  in  March  there  were 
34,765  allied  troops  opposed  to  the  bolsheviki. 
Of  this  number  4.920  were  Americans  and 
13,100  British.  There  were  also  some  French, 
Italians  and  Serbians  and  anti-red  Russians. 
The  fighting  was  severe  at  times  but  condi- 
tions were  unfavorable  to  the  allies  and  early 
in  the  year  it  was  decided  to  withdraw  the 
troops  from  that  region.  This  was  done  grad- 
ually in  the  course  of  the  summer. 

On  the  Siberian  front  in  March  there  were 
7.500  American  troops:  1.600  British:  4,000 
Canadian:  7.600  French:  2.000  Italians:  4.000 
Serbians:  12.000  Poles:  4.000  Roumanians: 
27.000  Japanese  and  55.000  Czecho-Slovaks. 
There  were  also  a  number  of  American  en- 
gineers and  Red  Cross  units.  The  Americans 
were  chiefly  enerafred  in  guarding:  mines,  rail- 
road stations  and  lines  and  doing  other  work 
of  similar  character.  They  were  attacked  a 
number « of  times  by  bolshevik,  detachments 
and  acauitted  themselves  well.  The  headquar- 
ters of  the  Kolchak  government  were  at  Omsk 
until  that  city  was  finally  captured  by  the 
bolsheviki  in  November.  The  fortunes  of  war 
varied  here  as  on  the  other  fronts  and 
it  would  be  useless  to  follow  them  in  detail. 
The  allies  were  divided  in  policy  and  did  little 
more  than  to  give  the  antibolsheviki  their 
financial  and  moral  support.  . 

Gen  Yudenitch  in  October  got  within  sight 
of  Petrograd.  but  then  the  bolsheviki  brought 
up  re-enforcements  and  drove  him  back.  This 
ended  the  campaign  on  this  front.  In  No- 
vember the  reds  had  regained  all  the  territory 
they  had  lost,  and  Gen.  Yudenitch's  troops 
were  scattered. 

CORRESPONDENCE  WITH   KOLCHAK. 

On  May  24.  1919.  the  leading  representatives 
of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  sent  the 
following  dispatch  to  Admiral  Kolchak.  head 
of  the  all-Russian  government  at  Omsk: 

"The  allied  and  associated  powers  feel  that 
the  time  has  come  when  it  is  necessary  for 
them  once  more  to  make  clear  the  policy  they 
propose  to  pursue  in  regard  to  Russia. 

"It  has  always  been  a  cardinal  axiom  of 
the  allied  and  associated  powers  to  avoid  in- 
terference in  the  internal  affairs  of  Russia. 
Their  original  intervention  was  made  for  the 
sole  purpose  of  assisting  those  elements  in 
Russia  which  wanted  to  continue  the  strug- 
gle against  German  autocracy  and  to  free 
their  country  from  German  rule  and  in  or- 
der to  rescue  the  Czecho-Slovaks  from  the 
danger  of  annihilation  at  the  hands  of  the 
bolshevik  forces. 

"Since  the  signature  of  the  armistice  on 
Nov.  11.  1918.  they  have  kept  forces  in 
various  parts  of  Russia.  Munitions  and  sup- 
plies have  been  sent  to  assist  those  associated 
with  them  at  a  very  considerable  cost.  No 
sooner  however,  did  the  peace  conference 
assemble  than  they  endeavored  to  bring  peace 
and  order  to  Russia  by  inviting  representatives 


SOVIET  RULE. 

of  all  the  warring  governments  within  Russia 
to  meet  them  in  the  hope  that  they  might 
be  able  to  arrange  a  permanent  solution  of 
the  Russian  problem. 

"This  proposal  and  a  later  offer  to  relieve 
the  distress  among  the  suffering  millions  of 
Russia  broke  down  through  the  refusal  of  the 
soviet  government  to  accept  the  fundamental 
conditions  of  suspending  hostilities  while 
negotiations  for  the  work  of  relief  were  pro* 
ceeding. 

"Some  of  the  allied  and  associated  govern- 
ments  are  now  being  pressed  to  withdraw  their 
troops  and  to  incur  no  further  expense  in 
Russia,  on  the  ground  that  continued  inter- 
vention shows  no  prospect  of  producing  an 
early  settlement.  They  are  prepared,  however, 
to  continue  their  assistance  on  the  lines  laid 
down  below,  provided  they  are  satisfied  that 
it  will  really  help  the  Russian  people  to  lib- 
erty, self-government  and  peace. 

"The  allied  and  associated  governments  now 
wish  to  declare  formally  that  the  object  ot 
their  policy  is  to  restore  peace  within  Russia 
by  enabling  the  Russian  people  to  resume 
control  of  their  own  affairs  through  the  in- 
strumentality of  a  freely  elected  constituent 
assembly,  and  to  restore  peace  along  ita 
frontiers  by  arranging  for  the  settlement  of 
disputes  in  regard  to  the  boundaries  of  the 
Russian  state  and  its  relations  with  ita 
neighbors  through  the  peaceful  arbitration  ot 
the  league  of  nations. 

"They  are  convinced  by  their  experience! 
of  the  last  twelve  months  that  it  is  not  pos- 
sible to  attain  these  ends  by  dealing  with  the 
soviet  government  of  Moscow.  They  are. 
therefore,  disposed  to  assist  the  government 
of  Admiral  Kolchak  and  his  associates  with 
munitions,  supplies  and  food  to  establish 
themselves  as  the  government  of  all  Russia, 
provided  they  receive  from  them  definite  guar- 
anties that  their  policy  has  the  same  object 
in  view  as  the  allied  and  associated  powers. 

"With  this  object  they  would  ask  Admiral 
Kolchak  and  his  associates  whether  they  will 
agree  to  the  following  as  the  conditions  upon 
which  they  would  accept  continued  assist- 
ance from  the  allied  and  associated  powers: 

"In  the  first  place,  that,  as  soon  as  they 
reach  Moscow,  they  will  summon  a  constituent 
assembly  elected  by  a  free,  secret  and  demo- 
cratic franchise,  as  the  supreme  legislature 
for  Russia,  to  which  the  government  of  Rus- 
sia must  be  responsible,  "or.  if  at  that  time 
order  is  not  sufficiently  restored,  they  will 
summon  the  constituent  assembly,  elected  in 
1917.  to  sit  until  such  time  as  new  elections 
are  possible. 

"Second,  that  throughout  the  areas  which 
they  at  present  control  they  will  permit  free 
elections  in  the  normal  course  for  all  local 
and  legally  constituted  assemblies,  such  aa 
municipalities,  zemstvos,  etc. 

"Third,  that  they  will  countenance  no  at- 
tempt to  revise  the  special  privilege  of  any 
class  or  order  in  Russia. 

"The  allied  -and  associated  powers  have  noted 
with  satisfaction  the  solemn  declaration  made 
by  Admiral  Kolchak  and  his  associates  that 
they  have  no  intention  of  restoring  the  former 
land  system.  They  feel  that  the  principles 
to  be  followed  in  the  solution  of  this  and 
other  internal  Questions  must  be  left  to  the 
free  decision  of  the  Russian  constituent  as- 
sembly, but  tfhey  wish  to  be  assured  that 
those  whom  they  are  prepared  to  assist  stand 
for  the  civil  and  religious  liberty  of  all  Rus- 
sian citizens  and  will  make  no  attempt  to  re- 
introduce  the  regime  which  the  revolution  haa 
destroyed. 

"Fourth,  that  the  independence  of  Finland 
and  Poland  be  recognized  and  that  in  the  event 


722 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   192  J. 


of  the  frontiers  and  other  relations  betwee 
Russia,  and  these  countries  not  being1  settled  b 
agivement  they  will  be  referred  to  the  arbitra 
tion  of  the  league  of  nations. 

"Fifth,  that  if  a  solution  of  the  relation 
between  Esthonia,  Letvia.  Lithuania  and  th 
Caucasian  and  Transcaspian  territories  am 
Russia  is  not  speedily  reached  by  agreement 
the  settlement  will  be  made  in  consultation 
and  co-operation  with  the  league  of  nation 
and  that  until  such  settlement  is  made  thi 
government  of  Russia  agrees  to  recognizi 
these  territories  as  autonomous  and  to  confirm 
the  relations  which  may  exist  between  thei 
de  facto  governments  and  the  allied  and  asso 
ciated  governments. 

"Sixth,  that  the  right  of  the  peace  con 
lerence  to  determine  the  future  of  the 
Roumanian  part  of  Bessarabia  be  recognized 
"Seventh,  that  as  soon  as  a  governme.n 
lor  Russia  has  been  constituted  on  a  demo- 
cratic basis.  Russia  -should  join  the  league 
of  nations  and  co-operate  with  the  other  mem- 
bers in  the  limitation  of  armaments  and  oj 
military  organizations  throughout  the  world. 
"Finally,  that  they  abide  by  the  declaration 
made  by  Admiral  Kolchak  on  Nov.  27.  1918. 
in  regard  to  Russia's  national  debt. 

"The  allied  and  associated  powers  will  be 
glad  to  learn  as  soon  as  possible  whether  the 
government  of  Admiral  Kolchak  and  his  ae- 
eociatea  is  prepared  to  accept  these  condi- 
tions, and  also  whether  in  the  event  of  ac- 
ceptance they  will  undertake  to  form  a  single 
government  and  army  command  as  soon  as  the 
military  situation  makes  it  possible. 

"G.  CLEMENCEAU. 
"LLOYD    GEORGE. 
"ORLANDO. 
"WOODROW    WILSON. 
"SAIONJI." 

Kolchak   Agrees   to    Policy. 
On  June  5  the  following  reply  from  Admiral 

ak  was  received  in  Paris: 
_e  government  over  which  I  preside  has 
been  happy  to  learn  that  the  policy  of  the 
allied  and  associated  powers  in  regard  to 
Russia  is  in  perfect  accordance  with  the 
task  which  the  Russian  government  itself 
has  undertaken,  that  government  being  anxious 
above  all  things  to  re-establish  peace  in  the 
country  and  to  assure  to  the  Russian  people 
the  right  to  decide  their  own  destiny  in  free- 
dom by  means  of  a  constituent  assembly.  I 
appreciate  highly  the  interest  shown  by  the 
powers  as  regards  the  national  movement  and 
consider  their  wish  to  make  certain  that  the 
political  conditions  with  which  we  are  in- 
•pired  are  legitimate.  I  am  therefore  ready 
to  confirm  once  more  my  previous  declara- 
tions which  I  have  always  regarded  as  irrev- 
ocable 

"1.  On  Nov.  18.  1918.  I  assumed  power 
•nd  I  shall  not  retain  that  power  one  day 
longer  than  required  by  the  interest  of  the 
country.  My  first  thought  at  the  moment  when 
the  bolsheviki  are  definitely  crushed  will  be 
to  fix  tine  date  for  the  elections  of  the  con- 
stituent assembly.  A  commission  now  is  at 
work  on  an  act  in  preparation  for  them  on 
the  basis  of  universal  suffrage.  Considering 
myself  as  responsible  for  that  constituent  as- 
sembly. I  shall  hand  over  to  it  all  my  powers 
in  order  that  it  may  freely  determine  the 
•ystem  of  government.  I  have,  moreover, 
taken  the  oath  to  do  this  before  the  supreme 
Russian  tribunal,  the  guardian  of  legality. 

"All  my  efforts  are  aimed  at  concluding  the 
civil  war  as  soon  as  possible  by  crushing 
bolshevism  in  order  to  put  the  Russian  peo- 
ple in  a  position  to  express  their  free  will.  Any 
prolongation  of  this  struggle  would  only  post- 
pone that  moment.  The  government,  how- 
ever, does  not  consider  itself  authorized  to 
substitute  for  the  inalienable  right  of  free 


and  legal  elections  the  mere  re-establishment 
of  the  assembly  of  1917.  which  was  elected 
under  a  regime  of  bolshevist  violence  and  a 
majority  of  whose  members  now  are  in  th« 
ranks  of  the  soviet. 

"It  is  to  the  legally  elected  constituent 
assembly  alone,  which  my  government  will  do 
its  utmost  to  convoke  properly,  that  there 
will  belong  the  sovereign  rights  of  deciding 
the  problems  of  the  Russian  state  both  in 
the  internal  and  external  affairs  of  the 
country. 

"2.  We  gladly  consent  to  discuss  at  once 
with  the  powers  all  international  questions, 
and  in  doing  so  shall  aim  at  the  free  and 
peaceful  development  of  the  peoples,  the  lim- 
itation of  armaments  and  the  measures  cal- 
culated to  prevent  new  wars,  of  which  the 
league  of  nations  is  the  highest  expression. 

"The  Russian  government  thinks,  however, 
that  it  should  recall  the  fact  that  the  final 
sanction  of  the  decisions  which  may  be 
taken  in  the  name  of  Russia  will  belong 
to  the  constituent  assembly.  Russia  can- 
not now  and  cannot  in  the  future  ever  be 
anything  but  a  democratic  state  where  all 
Questions  involving  modifications  of  the  ter- 
ritorial frontiers  and  of  external  relations 
must  be  ratified  by  a  representative  body 
which  is  the  national  expression  of  the 
people's  sovereignty, 

"3.  Considering  the  creation  of  a  unified 
Polish  state  to  be  one  of  the  chief  of  the 
normal  and  just  consequences  of  the  world 
war,  the  government  thinks  itself  justified 
In  confirming'  the  independence  of  Poland, 
proclaimed  by  the  provisional  Russian  gov- 
ernment of  1917,  all  the  pledges  and  de- 
rees  of  which  we  have  accepted.  The  final 
solution  of  the  question  o:  delimiting  the 
frontiers  between  Russia  and  Polan/1  must, 
however,  in  conformity  with  the  principles 
set  forth  above,  be  postponed  until  the  meet- 
ng  of  the  constituent  assembly.  We  are  dis- 
posed at  once  to  recognize  the  de  facto 
government  of  Finland,  but  the  final  solu- 
;ion  of  the  Finnis!  institution  must  belong 
;o  the  constituent  assembly. 

"4.  We  are  fully  disposed  at  once  to 
prepare  for  the  solution  of  the  questions 
concerning  the  fate  of  the  national  groups 
n  Esthonia,  Letvia,  Lithuania  and  of  the 
Caucasian  and  Transcaspian  countries,  and 
we  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  a 
jrompt  settlement  will  be  made,  seeing  that 
he  government  is  assuring  as  from  the  pres- 
ent time  the  autonomy  of  th-  various  na- 
ionalities.  It  goes  without  saying  that  the 
imits  and  conditions  of  these  autonomous  in- 
titutions  will  be  settled  separately  as  regards 
each. 


Even   in    the    case    that    difficulties    should 
arise  in  regard   to   the  solution  of  these   vari- 
us    institutions,    the    government   is    ready    to 
tave  recourse    to   the   collaboration   and   good 
ffices  of   the  league   of  nations    with   a  view 
o  arriving  at   a  satisfactory  settlement. 
"5.  The   above   principle,    implying   the    eat- 
sfaction    of     agreements    by    the    constituent 
assembly,    should    obviously    be    applied     to 
he  question  of  Bessarabia. 

"6.    The    Russian    government    once    more 
epeats  its  declaration   of   Nov.   27.    1918.   by 
which  it  accepted  the  burden  of  the  national 
debt  of  Russia. 

"7.  As  regards  the  question  of  internal 
politics,  which  can  only  interest  the  pow- 
ers in  so  far  as  they  reflect  the  political 
tendencies  of  the  Russian  government,  1 
make  a  point  of  repeating  that  there  can- 
not be  a  return  to  the  regime  which  ex- 
isted in  Russia  before  February,  1917.  The 
provisional  solution  which  my  government 
has  adopted  in  regard  to  the  agrarian  ques- 
tion aims  at  satisfying  the  interests  of  the 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  >  FOR   1920. 


723 


great  mass  of  the  population  and  Is  inspired 
by  the  conviction  that  Russia  can  only  be 
flourishing  and  strong-  when  the  millions  of 
Russian  peasants  receive  all  guaranties  ior 
the  possession  of  the  land. 

"Similarly  as  regards  the  regime  to  be 
applied  to  the  liberated  territories,  the  gov- 
ernment, far  from  placing  obstacles  in  the 
way  of  the  free  election  of  local  assemblies, 
municipalities  and  zemstvos.  regards  the  ac- 
tivities of  these  bodies  and  also  the  devel- 
opment of  the  people  in  self-government  as 
necessary  conditions  for  the  reconstruction  of 
the  country,  and  is  already  actually  giving: 
them  its  support  by  ail  the  means  at  its 
disposal. 

"8.  Having  set  ourselves  the  task  of  re- 
establishing order  and  justice  and  of  insur- 
ing individual  security  to  the  population, 
which  is  tired  of  trials  and  exactions,  the 
fovernment  affirms  the  equality  before  the 
law  of  all  citizens  without  any  special  priv- 
ilege. [An  omission  here.]  All  shall  receive 
without  distinction  of  origin  or  of  religion 
the  protection  of  the  state  and  of  the  law. 

"The  government  whose  head  I  am  is 
concentrating  all  the  forces  and  all  the 
resources  at  its  disposal  in  order  to  accom- 
plish the  task  which  it  has  set  itself.  At 
this  decisive  hour  I  speak  in  the  name  of  all 
national  Russia.  I  am  confident  that,  bol- 
shevism  once  crushed,  satisfactory  solutions 
will  be  found  for  all  questions  which  equally 
concern  all  those  populations  whose  exist- 
ence is  bound  up  with  that  of  Russia. 

"KOLCHAK." 
Kolchak  Reply  Acceptable. 

To  Admiral  Kolchak's  letter  the  peace 
conference  representatives  sent  the  following 
answer  June  12: 

"The  allied  and  associated  powers  wish  to 
acknowledge  the  receipt  of  Admiral  Kolchak's 
reply  to  their  note  of  May  26.  They  wel- 
come the  terms  of  that  reply,  which  seem 
to  them  to  be  in  substantial  agreement  with 
the  propositions  they  had  made,  and  to 
contain  satisfactory  assurances  for  the  free- 
dom, self-government  and  peace  of  the  Rus- 
sian people  and  their  neighbors.  They  are, 
therefore,  willing  to  extend  to  Admiral  Kol- 
chak and  his  associates  the  support  set 
forth  in  their  original  letter.'" 

PLAN    TO    FEED     STARVING    RUSSIA. 

On  April  17,  1919.  the  following  corre- 
spondence between  Dr.  Fridtjof  Nansen,  head 
of  the  commission  to  feed  Russia,  and  Pres- 
ident Wilson  and  Premiers  Clemenceau.  Lloyd 
George  and  Orlando  on  the  food  situation 
in  Russia  was  made  public.  Dr.  Nansen  in 
a  letter  to  the  council  of  four  wrote: 

"The  present  food  situation  in  Russia, 
where  hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  are 
dying  monthly  from  sheer  starvation  and 
disease,  is  one  of  the  problems  now  upper- 
most in  all  men's  minds.  As  it  appears 
that  no  solution  of  this  food  question  has 
so  far  been  reached  in  any  delegation,  I 
would  like  to  make  a  suggestion  from  a 
neutral  point  of  view  for  the  benefit  of  this 
gigantic  misery,  on  purely  humanitarian 
grounds. 

"It  would  appear  to  me  possible  to  organ- 
ize a  purely  humanitarian  committee  for  the 
provisioning  of  Russia,  the  foodstuffs  and 
medical  supplies  to  be  paid  for.  perhaps  to 
some  considerable  extent,  by  Russia  itself, 
the  justice  of  distribution  to  be  guaranteed 
by  a  committee.  The  general  makeup  of  the 
committee  would  be  composed  of  Norwegian, 
Swedish  and  possibly  Dutch,  Danish  and  Swiss 
nationalities. 

"It  does  not  appear  that  the  existing  au- 
thorities in  Russia  would  refuse  the  inter- 
vention of  snch  a  committee  of  a  wholly 


nonpolitical  order,  devoted  solely  to  the  hu- 
manitarian service  of  saving  life. 

"If  thus  organized  upon  the  lines  of  the 
Belgian  relief  committee,  it  would  raise  no 
question  of  political  recognition  or  negotia- 
tions between  the  allies  with  the  existing 
authorities  in  Russia. 

"I  recognize  keenly  the  large  political  is- 
sues involved,  and  I  would  be  glad  to  know 
under  what  conditions  such  an  enterprise 
would  be  approved  and  whether  such  a 
committee  could  look  for  real  support  in 
nnance  and  shipping  and  food  and  medical 
supplies  from  your  governments." 

The  following  reply  was  sent  by  President 
Wilson  and  the  premiers: 

"The  misery  and  suffering  in  Russia  de- 
scribed in  your  letter  of  April  3  appeal  to 
the  sympathies  of  all  peoples.  It  is  shock- 
ing to  humanity  that  millions  of  men  and 
women  and  children  lack  the  food  and  nour- 
ishment which  make  life  endurable. 

"The  governments,  the  peoples  whom  we 
represent,  would  be  glad  to  co-operate,  with- 
out thought  of  political,  military  or  financial 
advantage,  in  any  proposal  which  wouid  re- 
lieve this  situation  in  Russia.  It  seems  to 
us  that  such  a  committee  as  you  propose 
would  offer  a  practical  means  of  acquiring 
the  beneficent  results  you  have  in  view  and 
could  not,  either  in  its  conception  or  its 
operation,  be  considered  as  having  any  other 
aim  than  the  humanitarian  purpose  of  sav- 
ing life. 

"There  are  great  difficulties  to  be  over- 
come, political  difficulties,  owing  to  the  ex- 
isting situation  in  Russia,  and  difficulties  of 
supply  and  of  transport;  but  if  the  existing 
local  governments  of  Russia  are  as  willing 
as  the  governments  and  peoples  whom  we 
represent  to  see  succor  and  relief  given  to 
the  stricken  people  of  Russia,  no  political 
obstacle  will  remain. 

"There  will  remain,  however,  the  difficul- 
ties of  supply,  finance  and  transport,  which 
we  have  mentioned,  and  also  the  problem  of 
distribution  in  Russia  itself.  The  problem 
of  supply  we  can  ourselves  hope  to  solve 
in  connection  with  the  advance  and  co-oper- 
ation of  such  a  committee  as  you  propose. 
The  problem  of  finance  would  seem  to  us  to 
fall  upon  the  Russian  authorities. 

"The  problem  of  transport  of  supplies  to 
Russia  we  can  hope  to  meet  with  the  as- 
sistance of  your  own  and  neutral  govern- 
ments, whose  interests  should  be  as  great  as 
our  own,  and  whose  losses  have  been  less. 

"The  problems  of  transport  in  Russia  and 
of  distribution  can  be  solved  only  by  the 
people  of  Russia  themselves,  with  the  as- 
sistance, advice  and  supervision  of  your 
commission.  Subject  to  such  supervision, 
the  problem  of  distribution  should  be  solely 
under  the  control  of  the  people  of  Russia 
themselves.  The  people  in  each  locality 
should  be  given,  as  under  the  regime  of  the 
Belgian  relief  commission,  the  fullest  op- 
portunity to  advise  your  commission  upon 
the  methods  and  the  personnel  by  which 
their  community  is  to  be  relieved. 

"In  no  other  circumstance  could  it  be 
believed  that  the  purpose  of  this  relief  was 
humanitarian  and  not  political.  Under  no 
other  conditions  could  it  be  certain  that  the 
hungry  would  be  fed. 

"That  such  a  course  would  involve  the 
Cessation  of  hostilities  within  definite  lines 
in  the  territory  of  Russia  is  obvious.  And 
the  cessation  of  hostilities  would  necessarily 
involve  a  complete  suspension  of  the  trans- 
fer of  troops  and  military  material  of  all 
sorts  to  and  within  Russia's  territory. 

"Indeed,  relief  to  Russia  which  did  not 
mean  a  return  to  a  state  of  peace  would  be 
futile  and  would  be  impossible  to  consider. 


724 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


"Under    such    conditions    as    we    have    out- 
lined   we    believe    that    your    plan    could    be 
successfully  carried  into  effect,  and  we  should 
be  prepared  to  give  it   our  full  support. 
"E.    ORLANDO. 
"D.   LLOYD   GEORGE, 
"WOODROW  WILSON, 
"G.    CLEMENCEAU." 


Conditions  remained  such  that  the  plan 
could  not  be  carried  out  and  the  nopcom. 
batants  in  Russia  continued  to  suffer  from 
the  lack  of  food,  clothing  and  other  neces- 
saries, most  of  the  available  supplies  going 
to  the  red  army.  At  the  time  this  record 
closed  soviet  Russia  was  still  being  block- 
aded by  the  allies. 


GABRIELE     D'ANNUNZIO     AND     FIUME. 


•Early  in  1919  Italy  was  stirred  to  fever  heat 
over  the  question  of  taking  possession  of  the 
eastern  coast  of  the  Adriatic.  On  Jan.  16  the 
warrior-poet.  Lieut.-Col.  Gabriele  d'Annunzio, 
issued  a  manifesto  filling  six  columns  in  the 
newspapers  demanding  the  inclusion  of  the 
•whole  of  Dalmatia  in  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 
He  was  especially  severe  in  his  denunciation 
of  Sig.  Bissolati  and  others  who  took  an  op- 
posite view  of  the  matter  and  wound  up  his 
article  with: 

"No  bones,  no  scraps,  na  rags,  no  barter- 
ing, no  frauds !  Enough !  Enough !  Over- 
turn the  counters!  Smash  the  false  balances! 
If  it  becomes  necessary  we  will  confront  the 
new  conspiracy  with  a  bomb  in  either  hand 
and  a  knife  between  the  teeth!" 

Following  this  outburst  there  was  a  con- 
troversy over  the  use  of  Fiume  as  a  port 
through  which  to  send  food  to  the  Jugo  Slavs. 
but  no  change  in  the  situation  occurred  imme- 
diately. Some  disorder  took  place  there  and 
also  at  Spalato.  the  Jugo  Slavs  claiming  that 
the  trouble  was  fomented  by  Italians.  On 
May  24  the  people  in  Rome  observed  the  an- 
niversary of  Italy's  entry  into  the  war  quietly, 
the  government  discouraging  demonstrations 
on  account  of  the  feeling  against  the  attitude 
of  the  allies  toward  the  Adriatic  claims. 
D'Annunzio  was  to  have  delivered  an  address. 
but  was  ordered  not  to  do  so  by  the  gov- 
ernment. On  the  following  day  when  he 
was  ordered  to  return  to  his  camp  he  re- 
plied by  resigning  his  rank  as  lieutenant- 


colonel  in  the  army.    This,  as  a  volunteer,  he 
had  the  right  to  do. 

In  June  the  Orlando  cabinet  fell  and  was 
succeeded  by  one  headed  by  Sig.  Nitti.  who 
took  the  Bissolati  side  of  the  Fiume  ques- 
tion and  was  consequently  opposed  by 
D'Annunzio.  International  forces  at  this  time 
occupied  Fiume  and  the  French  troops  there, 
who  sympathized  with  the  Jugo  Slavs,  came 
into  conflict  on  several  occasions  with  the 
Italians.  On  July  2  a  row  occurred  in  which 
twenty  ••three  French  soldiers  were  wounded. 
Gen.  Graziole,  in  command  of  the  international 
force,  tried  to  maintain  order,  but  many  anti- 
Italian  manifestations  occurred.  On  July  11 
three  allied  warships — one  American,  one  Brit- 
ish and  one  French — were  ordered  to  Fiume 
harbor. 

On  Sept.  14  it  became  known  that  Gabriele 
d'Annunzio  with  forty  motor  lorries  loaded 
with  volunteers  had  proceeded  from  Roncha. 
on  the  old  Italian  frontier,  to  Fiume  and 
taken  possession  of  the  city  after  a  protest 
by  Gen.  Pittaluga.  then  in  command  of  the 
troops  in  the  town.  There  he  remained  in 
spite  of  some  opposition  by  the  Nitti  govern- 
ment and  up  to  Dec.  1.  1919.  had  not  been 
induced  to  give  up  the  enterprise.  He  had 
the  sympathy  of  the  army  with  him  and  also 
that  of  Italians  generally  except  the  socialists. 
These  won  a  notable  victory  in  the  November 
elections  and  D'Annunzio's  position  was  not 
made  any  the  more  secure  thereby. 


DISTURBANCES    IN    EGYPT. 


Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war  in  Europe 
the  nationalists  in  Egypt  began  an  agitation 
lor  the  virtual  independence  of  that  country. 
They  objected  to  the  protectorate  established 
by  the  British  on  Dec.  18,  1914.  and  demand- 
ed complete  autonomy  for  Egypt,  leaving  to 
Great  Britain  only  the  right  of  supervision 
over  the  public  debt  and  the  Suez  canal.  They 
wanted  to  send  representatives  to  Paris  and 
London  to  present  their  side  of  the  con- 
troversy. No  agreement  could  be  reached  be- 
tween the  nationalists  and  the  British  au- 
thorities and  early  in  March.  1919.  disturb- 
ances began  in  various  parts  of  the  country 
between  mobs  and  the  troops.  By  the  21st 
of  the  month  disorders  had  spread  through 
the  whole  valley  of  the  Nile.  In  Cairo  and 
other  places  there  were  collisions  in  which 
several  lives  were  lost.  Official  reports  up  to 
March  26  showed  that  2.000  houses  had  been 
sacked,  that  a  number  of  British  soldiers  had 
been  killed  and  that  various  railway  stations 
had  been  burned.  In  Cairo  alone  sixty-nine 
natives  had  been  killed. 

Field  Marshal  Viscount  E.  H.  H.  Allenby. 
the  conqueror  of  the  Turks  in  Palestine,  was 
sent  to  Egypt  in  the  hope  that  he  might  re- 
store order.  In  spite  of  his  efforts  the  riot- 
ing and  bloodshed  continued,  especially  in 
Cairo  and  Alexandria,  where  on  April  9  and 
10  thirty-eight  persons  were  killed  and  100 
wounded.  Allenby  was  made  British  high 
commissioner  for  Egypt  Oct.  17.  Things  were 
then  a  little  less  disturbed,  but  the  whole 
question  as  to  British  Egyptian  policy  still 
remained  an  open  one. 


On  Nov.  18  eleven  natives  were  killed  and 
sixty  wounded  by  British  troops,  who  opened 
fire  on  a  crowd  besieging  the  police  station 
in  the  course  of  a  demonstration. 


MONARCHIST  REVOLT  IN  PORTUGAL. 

In  January,  1919,  the  monarchists  in  north- 
ern Portugal  bsgan  a  revolt  which  for  a  time 
threatened  to  sweep  the  republican  government 
out  of  power.  The  southern  part  of  the  coun- 
try, however,  was  loyal  and  by  the  1st  of  Feb- 
ruary the  uprising  had  been  crushed  complete- 
ly. Before  they  were  suppressed  the  royalists 
had  captured  Oporto  and  established  their 
headquarters  there.  Most  of  the  fighting  oc- 
curred in  the  provinces  of  Minho  and  Tra- 
zos-Montes.  There  was  some  trouble  in  Lisbon 
but  the  monarchists  in  the  capital  were  easily 
overcome  on  Jan.  25.  The  navy  remained  loyal 
to  the  republic.  It  was  reported  at  various 
times  that  ex-King  Manuel  was  near  Oporto, 
but  it  appeared  that  he  had  not  left  his  resi- 
dence in  England. 

URUGUAY  UNDER  A  COMMISSION. 

When  Dr.  Baltasar  Brum  was  inaugurated  as 
president  on  March  1.  1919.  at  Montevideo, 
Uruguay  was  placed  in  control  of  a  commis- 
sion form  of  government.  The  C9mmission 
consists  of  the  president,  elected  directly  by 
the  people,  and  nine  men  appointed  by  the 
tv.-o  houses  of  congress.  In  addition  the  presi- 
dent has  a  cabinet  of  nine  members,  of  whom 
he  names  three  and  the  commission  six. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


725 


DEVELOPMENTS  IN  GERMANY  IN  1919. 


The  main  event  in  Germany  in  1919.  aside 
from  signing-  a  humiliating  treaty  of  peace  with 
the  victorious  allies,  was  the  election  of  a  na- 
tional assembly  and  the  framing  and  adoption 
of  a  new  constitution.  This  important  work 
was  completed  July  31  when  the  fundamental 
law  was  adopted  by  the  decisive  vote  of  262 
to  75.  The  formal  promulgation  took  place 
Augr.  13. 

DIGEST  OF  CONSTITUTION. 

The  new  German  constitution  is  divided  into 
two  main  parts— "the  composition  and  the  ties 
of  the  empire"  and  "the  basic  rights  and  basic 
fluties  of  Germans."  The  first  part  consists 
of  seven  sections  and  the  second  of  five. 

The  subdivisions  of  the  first  part  are:  The 
empire  and  individual  states,  the  reichstag,  the 
Imperial  president,  imperial  government,  impe- 
rial cpuncil,  imperial  legislation  and  imperial 
administration  of  justice. 

Those  of  the  second  part  are:  Individual 
community  of  life,  religion  and  religious  89- 
cieties.  education  and  schools,  and  economic 
life. 

This  second  main  part  provides  that  all  Ger- 
mans shall  be  equal  before  the  law  and  that 
men  and  women  shall  have  basically  the  same 
rights  and  duties.  Preferential  rights  and 
drawbacks  of  birth  and  position  are  removed 
and  titles  of  nobility  are  considered  as  only 
the  part  of  a  person's  name. 

No  more  titles  will  be  conferred,  and  will  be 
Driven  only  when  they  describe  a  person's  oc- 
cupation. No  tokens  of  honor  may  be  given 
out  by  the  government  and  no  German  may 
accept  a  title  or  order  of  a  foreign  state. 

The  concluding  part  of  the  constitution  bears 
the  title :  "Transition  Relations." 

The  preamble  to  the  constitution  begins  as 
follows: 

"The  German  people,  united  in  its  branches 
and  inspired  by  the  will  to  renew  and 
strengthen  its  empire  in  freedom  and  justice, 
to  further  inner  and  outer  peace  and  social 
advance,  has  voted  this  constitution." 
Is  a  Republican  State. 

Section  1  declares  that  the  German  empire 
is  a  republican  state,  sovereignty  being  based 
on  the  people. 

It  describes  the  territorial  limits  of  the  em- 
pire, establishes  the  imperial  colors  as  being 
black,  red  and  gold,  and  states  that  the  gen- 
erally recognized  rules  of  international  law 
will  be  held  as  binding  on  the  empire. 

The  empire  will  have  exclusive  rights  gov- 
erning foreign  affairs,  colonies,  citizenship,  im- 
migration, defense,  coinage,  customs,  posts, 
telegraphs  and  long  distance  telephones,  repop- 
ulation.  motherhood,  children,  youth,  health, 
labor  insurance,  protection  to  laborers  and 
employes,  confiscation,  care  of  wounded  soldiers 
and  their  relatives,  socialization  of  national  re- 
sources, economic  undertakings,  manufacture, 
distribution,  price  fixing,  economic  production, 
trade  weights  and  measures,  the  issuance  of 
paper  money,  food,  luxury,  articles  of  indus- 
try, mines,  insurance,  the  mercantile  marine, 
control  of  lake  and  coast  fisheries,  railroads, 
automobile  traffic,  transportation  by  land, 
water  and  air.  road  construction  and  theaters. 

Individual  states  will  have  legislative  rights, 
but  the  imperial  law  will  supersede  those  of 
individual  states. 

Each  state  must  have  a  liberal  constitution, 
with  a  legislature  elected  by  general,  equal  and 
secret  ballot  by  all  Germans,  men  and  women. 

The   constitution   lays   down   rules   for   alter- 
ing   the    empire    territorially,     providing    that 
plebiscites  shall  be  held  in  districts  affected. 
Reichstag    and   President. 

The  reichstag  supersedes  the  temporary  na- 
tional assembly.  It  will  be  elected  for  a  term 


of  four  years.  The  president  will  be  chosen 
by  the  entire  German  people  instead  of  by  the 
assembly  and  will  hold  office  for  a  term  of 
seven  years.  He  will  represent  the  empire  un- 
der  international  law.  will  make  treaties  and 
accredit  diplomats.  Declaration  of  war  or 
peace  must  be  proclaimed  by  the  imperial 
reichstag.  and  treaties  with  foreign  states  must 
be  accepted  by  the  reichstag. 

The  president  as  commander  of  the  chief  de- 
fense forces  of  the  empire  can  employ  armed 
forces  for  quelling  disturbances  or  may  send 
them  against  states  which  do  not  fulfill  their 
duties,  but  in  doing  so  must  notify  the  reichs- 
tag. which  is  given  the  power  of  veto. 

The  president's  orders  must  be  counter- 
signed by  a  chancellpr  or  the  imperial  minister 
whose  department  is  affected.  He  has  the 
right  to  pardon  criminals,  but  the  granting1  of 
amnesty  must  be  voted  by  the  reichstag 

The  chancellor  will  occupy  a  position  analo- 
gous to  that  of  vice-president.  He  and  the  rest 
of  the  ministry  will  be  appointed  by  the  presi- 
dent. The.  chancellor  will  determine  the  em- 
pire s  foreign  policy,  bear  responsibility  for 
the  cabinet,  and  in  the  case  of  a  tie  vote  in 
n£Lm*5?£y  wil1  have  the  deciding  ballot. 

The  reichstag  is  given  the  right  to  impeach 
the  president,  chancellor  and  ministers. 
Charges  upon  which  impeachment  proceedings 
are  based  must  bear  the  names  of  100  mem- 
bers of  the  reichstag  before  the  case  can  bo 
brought  before  the  court. 

The  Imperial  Council. 

The  imperial  council  will  be  composed  ol 
representatives  of  the  individual  states.  Which 
will  have  at  least  one  vote  apiece.  The  vote* 
of  the  larger  states  will  be  based  on  popula- 
tion, being  fixed  on  the  number  of  millions  of 
inhabitants  within  their  borders  No  state 
can  have  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  total 
number  of  votes  in  the  council. 

Half  of  Prussia's  votes  must  come  from  pro- 
vincial administrations.  Imperial  legislation 
cannot  be  introduced  in  the  reichstag  without 
the  consent  of  the  council  unless  the  govern- 
ment ventures  to  introduce  bills  which  the 
reichstag  knows  to  be  disapproved  by  the 

Laws  may  be  submitted  by  plebiscites  if  the 
president  desires.  A  majority  vote  will  nullify 
the  law.  The  constitution  can  be  altered  by  a 
quorum  of  tw9-thirds  of  the  reichstag  voting- 
fo£jh<?  alteration  by  a  two-thirds  majority. 

The  imperial  administration  is  placed  in  con- 
trol of  treaties  by  individual  states  with 
foreign  countries,  territorial  changes  and  de- 
fense of  the  realm.  German  merchant  vessels 
will  constitute  a  unified  mercantile  marine 
The  new  German  frontier  comprises  custom 
zones,  the  income  from  which  will  be  admin- 
istered by  the  empire. 

Provision  is  made  for  a  budget  system,  and 
the  reichstag  cannot  raise  the  amount  of  the 
budget  without  reaching  an  agreement  with 
the  council. 

Imperial  postal  and  telegraphic  rates  will  be 
determined  by  the  council,  and  the  railroad 
systems  will  be  taken  over  by  the  empire  and 
states.  Private  roads  must  be  given  over  to 
the  empire  on  demand,  and  the  empire  can 
confiscate  railroads  not  yet  taken  over. 

In  case  the  defense  of  the  country  requires 
the  step,   it  is  given   the  power  to   take  over 
the  administration  of  all  water  routes. 
Life    Tenure  for  Judges. 

Judges  of  the  ordinary  civil  courts  vrill  be 
chosen  for  life  and  cannot  be  removed  except 
by  judicial  decision.  Military  courts  are  abol- 
ished save  in  wartime  and  on  board  warships 
and  state  courts,  which  will  try  those  accused 
of  political  crimes,  will  be  created  by  impe- 
rial law. 


726 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Every  citizen  of  an  individual  state  is  a 
citizen  of  the  empire.  Every  German  will 
have  equal  rights  anywhere  within  the  empire 
and  may  live  where  he  pleases.  He  will  have 
the  right  to  own  real  estate  and  purchase 
food  in  any  state. 

Every  German  permitted  to  emigrate  will 
have  the  privilege  of  being  protected  in  for- 
eign, countries,  and  no  German  may  be  deliv- 
ered up  to  a  foreign  country  for  prosecution 
and  punishment. 

Foreign  speaking  Germans  may  not  be  pre- 
vented from  developing  the  free  use  of  their 
mother  tongue.  In  instruction  and  legal  affairs 
the  freedom  of  the  individual  is  invulnerable. 
The  German's  house  will  be  his  castle. 

Postal,  telegraph  and  telephone  secrecy  is 
guaranteed.  Every  German  has  the  right  to 
express  his  opinions  by  written  or  spoken 
word,  print  or  picture.  There  will  be  no  cen- 
sorship save  for  moving  pictures,  for  which 
regulations  will  be  made  to  suppress  objection- 
able filing  for  the  protection  of  youth 

Under  the  heading-  "community  of  life"  the 
constitution  declares  that  marriage  constitutes 
the  basis  of  family  life  and  the  salvation  of 
the  nations  and  it  is  therefore  under  the  spe- 
cial  protection  of  the  constitution  on  the  basis 
of  equality  of  the  sexes. 

It  is  pointed  out  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
state  to  keep  pure  and  healthy  the  family  life 
and  families  with  several  children  have  the 
right  to  necessary  care. 

Motherhood,  it  is  declared,  has  a  pnor  claim 
to  the  protection  of  the  state. 

Illegitimate  children  shall  be  placed  under 
the  same  bodily,  spiritual  and  social  condi- 
tions as  legitimate  ones,  and  youth  must  be 
protected  from  moral,  spiritual  or  physical 

nCA  long  list  of  the  rights  of  German  citizens 
comes  next.  The  list  includes  the  right  to  hold 
gatherings,  to  belong  to  societies  and  organiza- 
tions or  social,  political  and  religious  groups. 
It  is  declared  that  petty  officials  appointed  for 
life  may  not  be  discharged  unless  complaints 
against  them  are  first  submitted  to  them. 
Church  and  Schools. 

Under  religion,  the  constitution  declares  that 
all  citizens  of  Germany  shall  enjoy  complete 
freedom  of  belief  and  conscience.  No  state 
church  exists  and  religion  plays  no  part  in 
citizenship. 

It  is  provided  that  there  must  be  universal 
attendance  at  school  for  a  period  of  eight  years 
and  that  pupils  must  attend  advanced  schools 
until  18.  It  will  not  be  necessary  to  pay  tui- 
tion and  state  aid  will  be  given  needy  pupils 
and  their  families.  Private  schools  can  be 
run  only  with  government  permission. 

All  schools,  it  is  provided,  must  make  an 
effort  to  educate  their  students  in  the  spirit  of 
the  German  people  and  in  the  spirit  of  recon- 
ciliation with  the  peoples  of  the  world.  In- 
struction in  constitutional  government  and 
manual  labor  is  obligatory  in  all  schools. 

When  the  constitution  was  promulgated  Aug. 
13  President  Friedrich  Ebert  appointed  Pre- 
mier Gustav  Bauer  imperial  chancellor  and  is- 
sued a  decree  requiring  all  public  officials  and 
defense  forces  to  take  the  oath  under  the  new 
basic  law. 

LIEBKNECHT  REVOLT. 

At  the  close  of  1918  the  German  soldiers' 
and  workmen's  councils,  then  in  power,  trans- 
ferred the  legislative  and  executive  power  to 
the  "people's  commissioners"  headed  by  Fried- 
rich  Ebert  until  a  national  assembly  could  be 
elected.  Th°re  WPS  much  disorder,  caused 
chiefly  hy  th^  so-onll«d  RpprtTpns  led  by  Karl 
Liebknecht  and  Rosa  Luxembourg,  whose  aim 
was  to  overthrow  the  majority  socialist  gov- 
ernment and  establish  the  power  of  the  revo- 
lutionary proletariat."  Pitched  battles  oc- 


curred in  the  streets  of  Berlin  between  thes« 
elements  and  the  government  forces  commanded 
by  Gustav  Noske,  and  many  lives  were  lost. 
The  fighting  was  especially  severe  during  the 
second  week  in  January.  1919.  when  the 
"reds"  were  in  possession  of  certain  points  in 
the  central  part  of  the  capital.  The  govern- 
ment forces  finally  prevailed  and  established 
order  after  summarily  executing  large  num- 
bers of  the  rebels.  There  was  some  disorder 
in  other  cities,  but  it  was  easily  suppressed. 

On  Jan.  15  Karl  Liebknecht  and  Rosa  Lux- 
embourg- were  captured  at  the  Hotel  Eden. 
The  former  was  shot  and  killed  by  his  guard* 
because  he  made  an  attempt  to  escape  as  he 
was  being  taken  to  the  Moabit  prison.  Rosa 
Luxembourg  abput  the  same  time  was  beaten 
to  death  by  an  infuriated  mob.  That  was  the 
story  sent  out  by  the  authorities.  The  fact 
of  the  death  of  the  two  agitators  was  con- 
firmed, but  doubt  remained  as  to  the  exact 
manner  in  which  their  lives  were  taken. 
NATIONAL  ASSEMBLY. 

Election  of  members  to  the  national  assem- 
bly took  place  Jan.  19  and  resulted  in  a  vic- 
tory for  the  government.  The  independent  so- 
cialists. Spartacans  and  other  radicals  and  the 
imperialists  were  badly  beaten.  The  majority 
socialists  won  164  seats,  the  Christian  people's 
party  88.  the  democrats  77  and  the  German 
national  party  34. 

Weimar  was  chosen  as  the  place  of  meeting1 
for  the  national  assembly  and  there  it  began 
its  sessions  on  Feb.  6  with  Eduard  David  as 
temporary  president.  The  unruly  elements  in 
various  parts  of  the  government  kept  Gustav 
Noske  and  his  army  busy,  but  the  assembly 
went  on  with  its  work  undisturbed.  A  pro- 
visional constitution  was  adopted  empowering 
the  assembly  to  adopt  a  permanent  constitu- 
tion, to  elect  a  national  president  by  a  ma- 
jority vote  and  to  create  a  "committee  of 
state."  or  quasi  second  chamber.  On  Feb.  11 
Friedrich  Ebert  was  elected  president  of  the 
German  republic,  receiving  277  votes  out  of 
379  in  the  assembly.  A  new  cabinet  wa» 
chosen  with  Philip  Scheidemann  as  chancellor. 
Konstantin  Fehrenbach  was  chosen  permanent 
president  of  the  assembly. 

In  February  and  March  the  life  of  the  re- 
public was  threatened  by  uprisings  of  various 
kinds  and  in  various  places,  especially  in  Ba- 
varia, but  through  it  all  President  Ebert  and 
Commander  Noske  remained  unshaken.  The 
reds  tried  to  foment  rebellion  by  means  of 
strikes  in  all  the  larger  cities,  but  without  suc- 
cess. In  Berlin  in  the  course  of  the  first  week 
in  March  1.000  persons  were  killed  or  wounded 
in  street  fighting.  Gustav  Noske  issued  an 
order  that  all  persons  caught  in  armed  oppo- 
sition to  the  government  should  be  executed 
without  trial.  The  order  was  obeyed.  The 
second  week  in  March  saw  more  street  fight- 
ing. On  the  afternoon  of  March  14.  220 
men  were  lined  up  in  the  Moabit  prison  and 
shot  to  death  with  machine  guns.  In  Halle 
fifty-five  persons  were  killed  and  170  wounded 
in  riots,  while  280  persons  were  arrested  for 
pillaging,  the  stolen  property  being  valued  at 
84.500.000.  In  Frankfort-on-the-Main  several 
hundred  persons  were  killed  in  rioting  on 
April  1. 

The  arrival  of  American  food  ships  in  the 
latter  part  of  March  and  in  April  relieved  the 
food  shortage  to  some  extent,  but  rioting-  did 
not  cease.  In  the  latter  part  of  June  there 
were  serious  disorders  in  Hamburg  and  Ber- 
lin. 

Friedrich  Ebert  took  the  oath  as  imperial 
president  in  the  national  theater  in  Weimar 
Aner.  31. 

Hugo  Haase.  leader  of  the  independent  so- 
cialist party,  was  shot  by  an  insane  Austrian 
named  Johann  Voas  on  Oct.  8  and  died  from 
his  wounds  Nov.  7. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


727 


EVENTS  IN  BAVARIA. 
Munich,  capital  oi  Bavaria,  was  the  scene 
of  much  political  turmoil  and  bloodshed  in 
1919.  On  Feb.  21  Kurt  Eisner,  the  premier, 
was  shot  and  killed  while  on  his  way  to  the 
landtag-  by  Count  Arco  Valley,  a  former  of- 
ficer of  the  Prussian  g-uards.  On  the  same  day 
Herr  Auer,  minister  of  the  interior,  was  assas- 
sinated in  the  landtag-.  Deputy  Osel  was  killed 
at  the  same  time  and  two  other  Bavarian 
officials  were  wounded.  Eisner  was  a  socialist 
of  the  radical  type  and  had  been  opposed  to 
the  Ebert  government.  In  April  the  com- 
munists obtained  control  of  Munich  in  spite 
of  the  efforts  of  the  Bavarian  prime  minister, 
Herr  Hoffmann,  and  established  a  soviet  gov- 
ernment under  the  leadership  of  Max  Levien. 
The  peasants  of  Bavaria  remained  loyal  to 
Hoffmann,  who  transferred  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment  from  Munich  to  Nuremberg1,  whence  he 
directed  a  military  campaign  against  the 
Munich  reds,  who  were  turned  out  of  power 
May  1.  Before  going  the  communist  leader 
took  revenge  by  killing:  a  number  of  hostages, 
including-  Prince  Albert  of  Thurn  and  Taxis. 
Pnnce  yon  Wrede,  Privy  Councilor  Albert 
Doederlein.  Prof.  Franz  Stuck  and  others. 

On  May  3  Her-  Eglihofer.  commander  of  the 
red  army,  was  shot  and  killed  after  being1 
tried  by  court-martial.  Others  implicated  in 
the  killing-  of  the  hostages  were  executed 
with  less  formality,  some  being  beaten  to 
death  by  mobs.  Max  Levien  made  his  escape. 
Fritz  Seidl  and  five  others  were  tried,  found 
guilty  and  executed  Sept.  19, 

FREE  STATE  OF  SAXONY. 
Th«  new  chamber  of  deputies   of  the  "free 
etate    oi    Saxony"    met    Feb.    25    and    elecied 


Julius  Frassdorf,  a  majority  socialist,  as  pres-' 
ident.  Dr.  Diestel.  a  German  democrat,  was 
elected  first  vice-president,  and  Deputy  Lipin- 
sky.  independent  socialist,  second  vice-presi- 
dent. 

THE   .RHINE    REPUBLIC. 

The  "Rhine  Republic"  was  proclaimed  at 
Wiesbaden  and  other  Rhine  cities  June  1,  with. 
Dr.  Hans  A.  Dorten  at  its  head*  It  was  re- 
ported at  the  time  that  the  French  commander 
in  the  region  aided  in  the  movement,  which 
was  not  regarded  seriously. 

AMERICAN  TROOPS  IN  BERLIN. 

American  soldiers  in  uniform  were  seen  on 
the  streets  of  Berlin  at  various  times  in  the 
early  spring  and  summer  of  1919.  They  were 
there  in  connection  with  several  American  mis- 
sions having  business  in  the  city.  Owing  to 
the  hostility  shown  by  the  people  they  re- 
mained most  of  the  time  in  the  hotels  where 
they  were  quartered. 

THE  FORMER  KAISER  AND  CROWN 
PRINCE. 

Holland  continued  to  be  a  haven  of  refuge 
for  the  former  emperor  and  crown  prince  of 
Germany.  William  II.  remained  at  Amer- 
ongen  as  the  guest  of  Count  von  Bentinck, 
though  he  purchased  a  new  home  at  Doom 
into  which  he  intended  to  move  at  the  close 
of  the  year.  The  allies  and  especially  Britain 
insisted  that  he  would  be  tried  before  some 
international  court  for  his  part  in  the  war. 
but  the  delay  in  ratifying  the  treaty  of  peace 
with  Germany  prevented  any  definite  steps 
from  being  taken  up  to  Dec.  1.  1919. 

Former  Crown  Prince  Frederick  William  re- 
mained at  Wieringen.  Holland. 


SINN  FEIN   ACTIVITY   IN   IRELAND. 


In  the  British  general  elections  in  December. 
1918,  the  Sinn  Fein  party  in  Ireland  were  the 
winners  in  seventy-three  parliamentary  constit- 
uencies, but  the  men  chosen  refused  to  go  to 
Westminster.  They  claimed  that  the  election 
was  an  act  of  self-determination  and  that  their 
choice  was  an  Irish  parliament  in  an  Irish 
republic.  On  Dec.  28,  1918,  it  was  announced 
that  the  Irish  republic  had  come  into  existence 
and  that  an  independent  delegation  to  the  peace 
conference  in  Paris  would  be  sent. 

On  Jan.  21,  1919.  twenty-five  Sinn  Fein 
members  of  parliament  assembled  in  Dublin 
and  constituted  themselves  into  the  "Dail 
Eireann,"  or  "Irish  parliament."  They  elected 
Charles  Burgess  speaker  and  appointed  Count 
Horace  Plunkett,  Arthur  Griffiths  and  Prof. 
Edward  de  Valera  a  committee  to  present  the 
claims  of  Ireland  at  the  peace  conference.  Both 
De  Valera  and  Griffiths  were  in  prison  at  the 
time,  but  the  former  escaped  Feb.  3  and  later 
in  the  year  came  to  the  United  States  to  plead 
the  cause  of  the  renublic,  of  which  he  was 
elected  temporary  president  at  a  private  ses- 


sion of  the  parliament  in  Dublin  April  5.  A 
declaration  of  independence  was  issued  at  the 
meeting  on  Jan.  21. 

De  Valera  visited  Chicago  July  12-13  and 
spoke  at  the  Cubs'  bajl  park  to  a  gathering 
of  25,000  persons.  He  made  several  tours  of 
the  country  gathering  funds  and  making 
friends  for  his  republic. 

The  British  government  did  not,  of  course, 
recognize  the  republic  but  so  long  as  it  did 
not  try  to  assume  real  powers  and  functions 
did  not  interfere  with  it.  The  authorities, 
however,  applied  the  provisions  of  the  defense 
of  the  realm  act  to  such  things  as  drilling, 
selling  bonds  of  the  republic  and  the  like.  The 
Sinn  Feiners  were  credited  with  numerous  kill- 
ings of  policemen  in  Ireland  and  raids  on 
military  barracks  for  the  securing  of  arms  and 
ammunition,  and  consequently  public  gather- 
ings, fairs  and  the  like  were  prohibited. 

Steps  were  taken  in  November,  1919,  by  the 
British  cabinet,  through  a  committee  ap- 
pointed for  that  purpose,  to  present  a  new 
home  rule  plan  for  Ireland. 


JAPANESE-KOREAN    CONFLICT. 


Korea,  chafing  under  the  rule  of  Japan,  be- 
gan early  in  1919  a  movement  for  self-de- 
termination or  independence.  It  spread  quickly 
and  the  Japanese  determined  to  suppress  it 
with  severity.  Demonstrations  took  place  in 
Seoul  and  in  the  provinces  and  led  to  clashes 
with  the  military,  resulting  in  'the  killing  of 
351  persons  and  the  wounding  of  734,  a  few 
Japanese  figuring  in  the  casualties.  American 
missionaries,  it  was  claimed,  were  beaten  and 
insulted  and  other  sericus  charges  were  made 
against  the  Japanese  local  authorities.  These 


disturbances    occurred    in    the    latter    part    of 
March  and  the  first  part  of  April. 

Measures  were  taken  by  the  Japanese  gov- 
ernment to  introduce  a  more  humane  form  of 
government  in  Korea.  An  imperial  rescript  is- 
sued in  Tokyo  Aug.  19  provided  for  ^  certain 
amount  of  self-government  or  home  rule  and 
the  military  government  was  succeeded  by  a 
civil  one.  The  reforms  announced  did  not 
satisfy  the  Koreans,  who  resumed  their  demon- 
strations in  September,  without,  however, 
causing  any  serious  disturbances. 


728 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


DECORATIONS    AWARDED    TO    CHICAGO    SOLDIERS. 


In  the  following1  list  of  medals,  crosses  and 
other  decorations  awarded  to  soldiers  living 
in  Chicago  or  its  vicinity  there  are  doubtless 
many  omissions,  although  both  the  reports 
made  from  day  to  day  by  the  war  depart- 
ment and  those  made  later  by  the  command- 
ing- officers  of  certain  Chicago  units  have 
been  used.  Many  Chicagoans  served  with  the 
British  and  the  French  and  the  honors  won 
by  them  have  not  been  recorded  except  in 
a  few  instances. 

The  following1  abbreviations  have  been  need 
to  indicate  the  various  kinds  of  decorations 
bestowed : 

A.  C.  ol  A.  M.— Aero  Club  of  America  Medal. 
C.  de  G.   (Fr.)— Croix  de  Guerre   (French). 
C.  de  G.   (Bel.)— Croix  de  Guerre  (Belgian). 
C.    L.    of    H. — Commander    Legion    of    Honor, 

France. 
C.   M.    of    H.— Congressional   Medal    of    Honor. 

United  States. 

C.  of  St.  G. — Cross  of  St.  George.  England. 

D.  C.   M.— Distinguished  Conduct  Medal.    Brit- 
ish 

D.   F.   C.— Distinguished   Flying   Cross.    British. 

D.    M.— Decoration    Militaire.    Belgium. 

D.  S.  C.— Distinguished  Service  Cross.  Amer- 
ican. 

D.  S.  M.-JDistinguished  Service  Medal.  Amer- 
ican. 

D.  S.  O.— Distinguished  Service  Order.   British. 

I.  W.  C.— Italian  War  Cross. 

L.  of  H. — Legion  of  Honor,  France. 

M.  C.— Military   Cross.    British. 

M.  M.    (Br.)— Military  Medal,   British. 

M.  M.    (Fr.)— Medaille  Militaire.  French. 

O.  of  L.— Order  of  Leopold,  Belgium. 

SOME  EXCEPTIONAL  HONORS. 

The  congressional  medal  of  honor,  the 
highest  military  decoration  of  the  United 
States  and  awarded  only  for  "conspicuous 
rallantry  and  intrepidity  above  and  beyond 
the  call  of  duty."  was  given  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  Gen.  Pershing  to  the  following 
Chicago  soldiers: 

Corporal  Jake  Allex.  company  H,  131st  in- 
fantry. 4350  South  Ashland  avenue,  Chicago, 
former  stockyards  policeman,  took  command 
of  his  platoon  when  the  comr_ander  was 
•wounded  and.  pushing  forward  on  a  ma- 
chine gun  nest,  bayoneted  five  Germans,  and 
when  the  bayonet  broke  used  the  butt  of  his 
rifle,  capturing  the  remainder  of  the  crew. 

First  Sergeant  Johannes  S.  Anderson.  4864 
West  Ferdinand  street.  Chicago,  company  B. 
133d  infantry,  silenced  and  captured  a  ma- 
chine gun  nest  unaided  and  brought  back 
twenty-three  prisoners. 

Private  John  J.  Kelly.  6149  Kimball  avenue. 
Chicago.  78th  company,  6th  regiment,  marine 
corps,  ran  100  yards  through  the  American 
barrage  to  attack  a  machine  gun  nest,  killing 
the  gunner  and  one  of  the  crew  and  returning 
through  the  barrage  with  eight  prisoners. 

Private  Berger  Lohman,  1838  North  Spaul- 
ding  avenue,  Chicago,  company  H,  132d  in- 
fantry, captured  single  handed  a  machine  gun 
blocking  the  advance  of  his  company  and 
turned  it  on  the  retreating  enemy. 

Corporal  Thomas  A.  Pope,  company  E.  131st 
infantry.  6945  Overhill  avenue.  Chicago. 
Rushed  machine  gun  single  handed,  bayoneted 
several  of  the  crew.  and.  standing  astride  the 
gun.  kept  the  remainder  of  the  enemy  de- 
tachment at  bay  until  the  arrival  of  re-en- 
forcements which  killed  or  captured  the  rest 
of  the  enemy. 

Foreman    Citation. 

With  the  award  of  the  distinguished  serv- 
ice  medal  to  Col.  Milton  J.  Foreman,  com- 
manding the  122d  field  artillery,  came  the 
following  citation: 


"Commanding  the  122d  field  artillery,  he 
gave  proof  of  eminent  technical  attainments 
and  assiduous  zeal.  Though  handicapped  by 
many  adverse  conditions,  due  to  difficult  ter- 
rain and  determined  hostile  resistance,  he 
kept  his  batteries  in  close  support  of  the  in- 
fantry and  thereby  rendered  services  of  in- 
estimable value  during  the  St.  Mihiel  offensive 
and  the  advance  to  the  Meuse  in  the  last 
phase  of  the  Meuse-Argonne  offensive." 

Sanborn  Citation. 

In  awarding  the  distinguished  service  medal 
to  Col.  Joseph  B.  Sanborn.  Gen.  Pershing  gave 
him  the  following  citation: 

Order  No.  2830.  The  commander  in  chief, 
in  the  name  of  the  president,  has  awarded  • 
distinguished  service  medal  to  you  for  ex- 
ceptionally meritorious  and  distinguished  serv- 
ices as  set  forth  below: 

"Col.  Joseph  B.  Sanborn,  U.  S.  A.,  com- 
mander of  the  131st  infantry,  during  all  of 
its  campaigns  against  the  enemy  displayed 
military  leadership  of  a  high  order.  His  un- 
remitting zeal  and  practical  ekill  were  largely 
responsible  for  the  success  of  his  regiment  in 
combat." 

Dawes    Citation. 

Marshal  Foch  of  France  in  bestowing  upon 
Brig.-Gen.  Charles  G.  Dawes  the  war  cross 
cited  him  as  follows  in  official  orders  of  th« 
day: 

"During  the  course  of  operations  in  .1918 
Gen.  Dawes  obtained  a  complete  union  of 
supplies  between  the  American  and  French 
armies.  By  his  breadth  of  spirit  and  his  con- 
stant effort  to  put  upon  a  common  basis  the 
resources  of  the  two  armies,  he  permitted  to 
be  realized  under  the  best  possible  conditions 
a  community  of  effort  which  resulted  in  the 
victory  over  the  Germans." 
"  REPORTED  BY  WAR  DEPARTMENT. 
Allex.  Corporal  Jake,  4350  South  Ashland 

avenue— C.  M.  of  H.;  D.  S.  C.;  M.  M.    (Fr.). 

C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Ammons.     George     H.,     164     South     Western 

avenue— D.  S.  C. 

Anderson.    Capt.    Guy    V.,    4616    North    Win- 
chester avenue— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Anderson.     Sergt.     Johannes      S.,      4854     West 

Ferdinand  street:  C.  M.  of  H. 
Anderson.    Thomas    (deceased)— D.    S.   C. 
Babst,    Chaplain   Julius   J..    Naperville — D.  S.  C. 
Ballard.  Col.  George  S..  Evanston— C.  L.  of  H. 
Barber,   Capt.   Norman   E..    6042    Vernon   ave- 
nue— D.    S.  C. 
Barker,   Joseph   S..   4633   Greenwood   avenue— 

C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Barnett,   Capt.  Irving  F..  3816  Wilson  avenue 

— TVC     C 
Baxry,     Corporal     Edward      (deceased).     2336 

Ridgeway    avenue — D.    S.    C. 
Bartholf.   Lieut.  Herbert   B.,   Glencoe— D.  8.   C. 
Baur.   John  G..   Effingham,  111.— D.  S.  C. 
Baxter.  Maj.  William  M..   611  Fullerton  park- 

Beafo,  Corporal  John,  2209  North  Karlov 
avenue — D.  S.  C. 

Behr.  William  H..  7331  Perry  avenue— C.  de 
G  (Fr  ) 

Benson.  Lieut.  Walter.  427  North  Central 
Park  avenue— D.  S.  C. 

Berlander.  Sergt.  Albert  M.,  433  North  Rock- 
well street— C.  de  G.  (Fr.). 

Berry.  Maj.  George  W..  5337  Harper  avenue— 

Bessinger.  Corporal  Edward  (deceased),  1427 
Rhine  street— D.  S.  C. 

Bieryta.   Michael    (deceased)— D.    S.   C. 

Bird,  Felix.  2222  South  Albany  avenue— D.  S.  C. 

Blech.  Gustave  M..  Columbus  Memorial  build- 
ing—L.  of  H. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Blumenthal,    A.    L.     (deceased),    6130     Evans 

avenue— D.   S.  C. 
Bogert.    Maj.    Gilbert    P..     1219    North    State 

street;   D.   S.  C.;   I.  W.  C. 
Boley.   Wilson,   6158   University   avenue— C.   de 

Bow  ski.  '  Sergt.     Theodore.     1848    West    39th 

street— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Breakey,  Sergrt.  John— D.  S.  C. 
Bremner,     Frank     M.,     4728     North     Ashland 

avenue— D.   S.   C. 
Brown,  Corporal  Paul  R.,  7229  Prairie  avenue 

— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 

Bruno.   Tony.   528  West   28th  street— I.   W.  C. 
Burchill.    George   H.,    7067    Hillsdale    avenue— 

D.  S.  C. 
Butterfleld.    Lieut.    Jack,    Evanston— C.    de    G. 

(Fr.). 

Cadman,    Corporal   John   P..    523    South   Lom- 
bard avenue,  Oak  Park— €.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Carlson,    Lieut.    Walter   C.,    5400    Iowa  street; 

D.  S.  C. 
Carlson.   Charles   G.,   223   West    112th   street— 

D.   S.  C. 
Carlson,  Swen,  4329  North  Crawford  avenue — 

D.   S.  C. 
Carlton,   Lieut.   Harry  P.,   4723  Sheridan  road 

— L.   of   H. 
Carpenter,  Ben..  Jr..  222  East  Delaware  place— 

C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Carson,    Sergrt.    James    Leroy.    4717    Kenwood 

avenue — C.   de  G.    (Fr.). 
Cassaga,    Sergt.    Samuel    E.,    1023    Thompson 

street— D.   S.   C. 
Cassard,    Lieut.    Daniel    W.     (deceased)— C.    de 

G.    (Fr.). 
Cecilia,    Louis,    554    Taylor    street-D.    8.    C.; 

Chadwick,  Capt.  Harry  R.,  24  South  St.  Louii 

avenue— D.  S.  C. 
Chamness.  Capt.  Earl  R.,  818  East  75th  Btreet 

— M.  C. 
Chapman,  Capt.   Shelby,  1132  East  55th  street 

— C.deG.  (Fr.)  :  I.  W.  C.:  C.  of  St.  G.:  M.M. 
Cheevers,   Sergt.  Earl  J.,  117  Columbia  avenue 

— D.  S.  C. 
Christiansen,    Lieut.    Henry,    4828    Hutchinson 

street— D.   S.  C. 

Christofferson,    Capt.    Edward  A..    2754   Wash- 
ington boulevard — M.   C. 
Clark,   Coleman,   University   of   Chicago — C.   de 

G.    (Fr.). 
Clark,    Harold.    University    of    Chicago— C.    de 

G.    (Fr.). 

Collins,    Lieut.    Sewell.    Evanston— M.    C. 
Conover,    Lieut.    Harvey,    Hinsdale — D.    S.    C.; 

C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Cotton,    Lieut.    J.    O.,    4921    Sheridan    road— 

C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 

Courtney,    Sergt.    Frank    R..    1461    West    10th 

street— C.   de  G.    (Fr.). 
Croll,  Georgre  H.,  1524  Main  street.  Evanston— 

D.S.  C. 
Cullen.  Corporal  Michael  J.,  539  North  Albany 

avenue — D.    S.    C. 
Cunning-ham.  Lieut.  Oliver  B.    (deceased).  1318 

Forest    avenue,    Evanston — D.    S.   C. 
Curtis.    Corporal    Nathan    M.,    557    Monticello 

avenue:   D.    S.   C. 
Darche.    Lieut.     Harris    A.     (chaplain).     2745 

Gidding-s  street;  C.  L.  of  H. 
Darg-is,  Joseph  A.— D.   S.  C. 
Davis,    Col.    Abel,    1400    Milwaukee    avenue— 

D.  S.  C. 

Dawes.  Brig-. -Gen.  Charles  Gates,  Evanston — 
D.  S.  M.;  C.  L.  of  H.;  O.  of  L. 

Deford.  Corporal  August  H..  6301  South  Park 
avenue— D.  S.  C. 

Deiss,  Paul  A.,  33  West  Monroe  street  (de- 
ceased )  — -Cit  ation. 

Delano,  Lieut.-Col.  Frederick  A.— L.  of  H. 

De  Smidt,  Corporal  John,  3409  Belmont  ave- 
nue—D.  S.  C. 

De  Vos.  Peter  A.,  1211  East  55th  Btreet— 
D.  S.  C. 


Diekema.  Maj.  Willis  A.— D.  S.   C. 

Dillon,  Lieut.  Raymond  P.,  6839  Prairie  ave- 
nue—D.  S.  C. 

Dodd.  Maj.  Brandon  J.,  5354  Calumet  avenue 
— D.  S.  C. 

Dorey.  Col.  Halsted— C.  de  G.    (Fr.);   D.   S.   C. 

Dorsey.  Lieut.  George,   1124  East  52d  street— 

C.  de  G.   (Fr.)  ;  D.  S.  C. 

Drechsel.   George,   2533  North  Marshfield  ave- 
nue— D.    S.   C. 
Duff.   Philip— D.    S.   C. 
Duffy,    Lieut.    Mark.    6604    Newgard    avenue— 

D.  S.  C. 

Dunford,  John  H.,  Lake  Forest— C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Dwyer,    Corporal   Joseph   D.,    1536    Fargo    ave- 
nue—C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Edwards,     Corporal     Norman    E.,    4012    West 

Congress  street— D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Ellis,  Leo  R.,  3532   South  Wood  Btreet— C.   de 

G.    (Fr.). 
Elwood,     J.    H.,     654    Lincoln    avenue— C.     de 

G.    (Fr.). 
Emerson,  Corporal  Harlow  B.,  720  Clark  street, 

Evanston— D.    S.   C.;   C.    de   G.    (Fr.). 
Erwin,  Lieut.  W.  P..  6054  Woodlawn  avenue— 

D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.).;  A.  C.  of  A.  M. 
Fagra.    Lieut.     W.    H.,     1134    North    Franklin 

street— D.    S.   C.;    C.  de  G.    (Fr.)  ;    L.   of  H.; 

M.  M.    (Fr.). 
Feeney.    Patrick     (deceased).    706    North    La- 

Salle  street— D.  S.  C. 
Felton,  S.  M.   (civilian)— D.  S.  C.;  C.  L.  ol  H.; 

Field.  Capt.  Marshall— Citation. 

Fields,    Corporal    James    C. — D.    8.    C.;    C.    d« 

G.    (Fr.). 
Fisher,   Capt.   Erie,    118  East  Grand   avenue— 

D.  S.  C. 
Fishleigh,  Lieut.   Clarence,   4537  North  Robey 

street— C.   de   G.    (Fr.). 

Flagg,  Daniel  S.,  1411  Marquette  road— D, B.C. 
Foley.   Corporal  James  P.— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Foreman.   Col.  Milton  J.,   743  North  Michigan 

avenue — D.  S.  M. 
Fox.    Capt.    Charles    M.?    338    North    Central 

avenue— D.  S.  C. 
Francisco,   Sergt.  John,   3157   Division  street— 

D.  S.  C. 
Frank.     Lieut.     William     P..     2349     Michigan 

avenue — D.  S.  C. 
Gatanio.     Corporal     Isaac,     1208     Washburne 

avenue— D.    S.    C. 
Gibson.  Sergt.  Hugh,  4306  Forrestville  avenue 

— D.    S.   C. 
Gibson,   Capt.  Thomas,   3647  Flournoy  street — 

D.  S.  C.:  C.  de  G.   (Fr.)  ;  L.  of  H. 
Gleason,    Lieut.    John    W..    331    North    Austin 

avenue— D.  S.  O.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Goodwillie,      Sergt.      Herrick     R..    228     Forest 

avenue.   Oak  Park— D.  S.   C. 
Gowenlock,  Maj.  T.  R.,  5117  Kimbark  avenue 

— C.  de  G.    (Fr.);  D.   S.  C. 
Graham,  Lieut.  Percy.  1529  East  66th  place— 

D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Grey,  Capt.  Charles  G.— D.  S.  C. 
Gulbrandsen,  Lieut.  Arvid  W.   (deceased),  2212 

North  Keystone  avenue— D.  S.  C. 
Gundelach,   Lieut.    Andre    P.    (deceased),    5803 

Kenmore  avenue— D.  S.  C. 
Hall.    G.    W..    5709    West    Giddings    street— D. 

S.   C. 
Harding.    Sergt.    Michael.    3882    Polk    street— 

C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 

Harmon.  Rev.  Thomas  L. — C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Hatch,  Sidney,  237  Park  avenue.  River  Forest 

— D.  S.  C. 
Hayes,     Second    Lieutenant    Frank    K..     2009 

West  101st  place— D.  S.  C. 
Hebner,    Charles,    7243    South   Halsted  street— 

C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Heimerdinger,      Lieut.     Charles,     2703     South 

Komensky  avenue — D.  S.  C. 
Henderson.  Lieut.  Thomas.  203  Forest  avenue. 

Oak    Park— Citation. 
Henry.    Sergt.    Norman,    5127    South    Dearborn 

street— D.   S.  C. 


730 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Herter,   Edward,   2330   Osgood  street— D.  S.  C. 
Hillman,  E.  E.,  3553  South  Emerald  avenue— 

flobschied,    Serg-t.   Paul,   615   South   Park  ave- 
nue—D.  S.  C.;  M.  M.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
floeynck.     Lieut.    Frank    J.     (deceased).    421 

Sherman  avenue,  Evanston — D.  S.  C. 
Holabird,    Lieut.-Col.    J.    A.,    5482    Hyde   Park 

boulevard— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Holmes,    Frank    B.,     612    East    47th    street— 

D.  S.  C.;  M.  M.    (Br.)  ;   M.  M.    (Fr.)  ;   C.  de 

G.    (Fr.). 

Holzeman,  Sidney,  945  East  52d  street— D.  S.  C. 
Hopp,   Harvey  M.,   Wilmette— D.    S.   C. 
Horner,     Maj.     David    A.,     747     Independence 

boulevard— M.  C. 
Howard,  Col.  N.  L.— L.   of  H. 
Howard,    Corporal    Robert.    P.,     5118    Prairie 

avenue — D.   S.    C. 

Hoy,  Henry,  3461  West  Madison  street— D.  S.  C. 
James,  Capt.  Dari  S.,  1233  Granville  avenue— 

D.    S.    C. 
Jansen.     Lieut.     Louis     B.      (deceased),     6130 

South  Laflin '  street— D.  S.  C. 
Jensen.  Ingemann,   3712   Eddy  street — D.  S.  C. 
Johnson,   Sergt.  Swan,  7309  Dorchester  avenue 

— D.  S.  C. 
Jones,    Corporal    Harry,    823    Addison    street — 

D.   S.  C. 
Judah,     Lieut.-Col.     Noble     D..     2701     Prairie 

avenue— C.   de  G.    (Fr.)  ;   D.   S.   C. 
Junkin,    Lieut.    William    G.     (deceased),    7337 

Harvard   avenue— L.   of  H. 
Kane,  Serg-t.  Tony  W.,  1056  Milwaukee  avenue 

— D.    S.   C.;   M.   M.    (Fr.). 
Keachie,   Corporal  Edwin  F.    (deceased),    7142 

Parnell  avenue — D.  S.  C. 
Keane,  Serg-t.  C.  William— D.  S.  C.;  M.  C. 
Keenan,   Corporal   John  J.,   6342   South   Seeley 

avenue— D.  S.  C. 

Kellogg-,    Corporal    Gordon   W.,    6916    Dorches- 
ter  avenue— D.    S.   C. 
Kelly,    John   J.,    6149   Kimbark   avenue— C.   M. 

of  H.;   C.  de  G.    (Fr.);  M.  M.    (Fr.). 
Kiley,  Maj.  Leroy,  3227  Ellis  avenue— D.  S.  C.; 

I.  W.  C. 
Kirkbride,    Lieut.    R.    C..    Evanston— C.    de    G. 

(Fr.). 
Kniskern,    Col.    Albert    D.,     1819    West    39th 

street— D.    S.   M. 
Korsyske,    George     (deceased),    8419    Brandon 

avenue— D.   S.   C. 
Krueger,  Arthur.  2117  Racine  avenue— D.  S.  C.: 

C.    de   G.    (Fr.). 
Lamb,     Joseph    C.,     6640    Maryland    avenue— 

C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Lamont,   Col.   Robert   P.,    1722   Judson  avenue 

Evanston — D.   S.   M. 
Landis,  Capt.  Reed— D.  F.  C. 
Larson,    Sergt.    Walter,    76    Michigan    avenue — 

C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 

Lee,  Lieut.  John  C.  (deceased),  5437  Ken- 
more  avenue — D.  S.  C. 

Lee,  Noble  W.,  5616  Kenwood  avenue — C.  de 
G.  (Fr.). 

Liljeberg,  Pagnel,  1917  Berwyn  avenue— D.S.C. 

Lindsay,  Robert  W.,  Morris.  111.— D.  S.  C. 

Llewellyn,  Capt.  Frank  A.,  5636  Kenwood 
avenue— rD.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.  (Fr.). 

Locy,  Lieut.  Francis,  Evanston — C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 

Loman,  Berger,  1838  North  Spaulding  avenue 
— C.  M.  of  H. 

Ludlow,  Ensign  George  H.,  Evanston— I.  W.  C. 

Lukas,     Joseph.     4617      Hermitage      avenue— 

D.  S.  C. 

Lundegard,    Axel    C.,    638    West    61st    street— 

D.   S.  C. 
MacDonald,     Lieut.     E.    K.,     5604    Dorchester 

avenue — C.  de  G.   (Fr.) . 
Mallen,  John  C.,   1727   South  Karlov  avenue— 

D    S.  C. 
Manchester,    Maj.    Percival.    1250    Monadnock 

building— D.  S.  M. 
Marshall,   Frank   E.,    3725   Lake   Park    avenue 

— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 


Maxwell,   Lieut.   Elmer  D.,    5325   South   Dear- 

born  street— C.   de  G.    (Fr.). 
May,    Sergt.   George  J.,  4313   Parker  avenue— 

D.   S.  C. 
McAndrews.  Sergt.  Edward,  4751  West  Austin 

avenue — D.  S.  C. 
McCarthy,     Sergt.    Charles    F.,    1621    Sheffield 

avenue— C.    de    G.    (Fr.). 
McCarthy,  Thomas  J.— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
McElroy,  Capt.  J.   E.— C.   de  G.    (Fr.). 
Mclntyre,     Corporal     Eugene,      11       Chalmers 

place— D.  S.  C. 

McKay,    Lieut.    James    R.,    Wheaton— D.    S.    C. 
McKey,    Lieut.   Harold   G.,    854    Ridge    avenue, 

Evanston— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
McMunn,   Lieut.   Richard  L. — D.   S.   C. 
McNamee,    Capt.   Charles  J.,   4345   North   Her- 
mitage avenue— D.   S.  C.:   C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Mechem,  Capt.  John  C.,  Lake  Forest — I.  W.  C. 
Midkiff,     Sergt.     H.,     8532     Carpenter    street— 

D.   S.  C. 
Mikos,    Corporal    John    N.,    947    West    Chicago 

avenue— D.    S.    C. 
Miles,   Corporal   John,   6159   Artesian  avenue— 

D.  S.  C.;  I.  W.  C. 
Mullen,  Lieut.  Roger  J.,  2017  East  72d  street 

— D.  S.  C. 

Myers,   Corporal   Irwin— D.    S.   C. 
Myhrman,    Capt.   Robert   E.,    1501   Fargo   ave- 
nue—D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.)    with  gold  star. 
NOwlin,     Sergt.     George     A.,     819     East     61st 

street— D.   S.   C. 
Oakes.     Sergt.     Bernard    F.,     317     South     4th 

avenue,    Maywoocl — C.    de   G.    (Fr.). 
O'Donnell,  Lieut.  John  L.,   7049  Dante  avenue 

— D.    S.    M. 
O'Keefe.      Corporal      Thomas      J.      (deceased). 

7040  Prairie   avenue— D.    S.   C. 
O'Kelly,    Corporal,    636    Marquette    road,    East 

Chicago— D.   S.   C. 
O'Kelly,    Sergt.    Tom— D.    S.    C. 
Owen,     Harry     N.,     5940     Eggleston     avenue— 

C.  de   G.    (Fr.), 

Painsipp,    Sergt   C.    C.,    Batavia,    111.— D.   S.   C. 
Peabody,    Walter  G.,   7029   Eggleston   avenue— 

O.  of  L.;  D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.);  M.  C. 
Pegues,  Lieut.  Josiah.   6043  Woodlawn  avenue 

— D.  S.  C. 
Perkaus,  Sergt.  Frank  L.,   2718  South  Homan 

avenue— D.    S.   C. 
Peters,     William.     1608    Cleveland    avenue— D. 

S.  C. 
Peterson.    Sergt.    Van    Walker,    533    Arlington 

place— D.  S.  C. 
Peterson,    Corporal    Victor,    1919    Belle    Plaine 

avenue— D.    S.   C. 

Pillsbury.    Maj.   Charles   S.— L.   of   H. 
Pokorney,   Robert,   2453  South  Sawyer  avenue 

— D.  S.  C. 

Polton,    Lieut.  John   R.— C.   de   G.    (Fr.). 
Pope.    Corporal     Thomas     A.,     6945     Overhill 

avenue — C.    M.    of    H. 

Powell,   Corporal  Raymond  D..   Joliet — O.  of  L. 
Powers,    Edward   J.,    3940    Arthington   street — 

D.  S.   C. 

Quinn,  Sergt.  John  M.,  815  Buckingham  place 

— D.    S.    C. 
Rampsch.     Sergt.     John,     4608     South     Wood 

street— D.    S.    C. 
Reali,    Corporal   Mike,    1028   West   Polk   street 

—I.   W.    C. 
Reno,    Lieut.    Leonard,    5927    Kenmore    avenue 

— C.   de   G.    (Fr.)  ;   D.   S.  C. 
Rhodes.     Lieut.     Carlisle,     733     Rush     etreet— 

C.  de  G.    (Fr.);  D.  S.  C. 
Rivers,    Sergt.    Louis— D.    S.   C.;    M.   M.;   C.    de 

G.    (Bel.). 

Rochfort.    Sergt.   James  J.,    1472   Indiana   ave- 
nue—D.   S.  C. 
Ryan,    Corporal    Claude,     1827    North    Albany 

avenue — D.  S.  C. 

Ryan,  Frank  W.,  1212  Eddy  street— D.  S.  C. 
Sabetay,  William,  536  Aldine  square— D.  S.  C.; 

C.   de   G.    (Fr.). 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


731 


Samuel.    E.    M..    Jr..    Lake    Forest--C.    de    G. 

Samuel.  Lieut.  Harold  N.,  Lake  Forest--C.  de 

G.    (Fr.) . 
Sanborn,  Col.  Joseph  B.,  1414  Hinman  avenue, 

Evanston — O.    of    L. ;    D.    S     C  •    D     S     M  • 

D.  S.  O.;   L.   of   H.;   C.  de  G.  (Fr.)    with  pafml 
Sattler,  Corporal  William  J.,  3346  North  Troy 

street— D.   S.  C. 
Sawyer,    Corporal   Albert   E.,    3313   West    12th 

street— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Schiesswohl.    Capt.    Ralph    L.,    3651    Oakdale 

avenue— C.    de    G.     (Fr.). 
Sebolt,  John  I..  1039  South  Claremont  avenue 

— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Shantz.   Lieut.  Joseph  E.,   Wilmette— D.  S.  C.: 

C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 

Shapiro,    Corporal    Eli,    1833    South   St.   Louis 

avenue— D.  S.  C. 
Shaug-hnessy,      Lieut.-Col.      Edward     H.,      442 

North  Parkside   avenue— D.   S.  C. 
Simon.    Sergt.  Frank  J.    (deceased).  LaGrang-e 

111.— D.    S.   C. 

Skosrsburgr,   Sergt.  Vivian— D.   S.  C. 
Smith,  John  F..  Downers  Grove.  Ill— D.  S.  C. 
Smith.    Sergl.    Martin    E..    3346    West    Gladys 

avenue— D.  S.  C. 
Smotherman,  Horace,   3803  Elmwood  avenue — 

D.  S.    C. 

Ste'ele,     Second    Lieutenant    Richard    W.,    426 

Euclid   avenue.   Oak  Park— D.  S.  C. 
Strong*.   SfcTgt.  E.  H..  57  East  Division  street — 

C.  de  G.    <Fr.). 

Sullivan,     Corporal    Joseph    J.,    6331     Loomis 

boulevard— D.  S.  C. 

Swabey,    Corporal   Frederick — C.    de   G.    (F^. 
Taylor,  Lieut.   Harvey  J.,  3761   South  Wabash 

avenue — C.   de   G.    (Fr.). 
Templeton.     Lieut.     Charles    K.,     Oak     Park— 

D.  S.  C. 

Ternig-,    Serg-t.   Jacob   B.,    3344    Southport    ave- 
nue— D.  S.  C. 

Thomas.    Serg-t.    Carr    M..    745    Lincoln    park- 
way— D.   S.  C. 

Thorne,   Robert  J.    (civilian)— D.  S.  C. 

Tinker.    Sergl. -Maj.    Chester    A.,    Gary,    Ind.— 
C.   de  G.    (Fr.). 

Thornycroft,     Serg-t.     Matthew     R.— C.     de     G. 
(Bel.). 

Troup.   Clarence  D.,  955  Edg-ecomb  place,  Chi- 
cago— D.    S.   C. 

Tiirner.  Lieut.  James  A.    (deceased),  1711  East 
72d   street— D.    S.  C. 

Vail,    Lieut.   William   H..    1535    South   Paulina 
street— D.    S.    C. 

Walsh.  Theodore.  530  Laramie  avenue — D.S.C. 

Warfield.     Li^ut.     William     J.,     3517     Prairie 
avenue — D.   S.  C. 

Washa.    Serg-t.    James   J.,   2785   Princeton   ave- 
nue—D.    S.   C. 

Waterhouse,    John    H..    3203    Franklin    boule- 
vard—D.  S.  C. 

Watkum.     Mechanic     Anton     J.,     1934     South 
Union  'avenue — M.  M.    (Br.). 

Webber.   Serg-t.   G^org-e  B.,    543  South  Ashland 
avenue— D.    S.   C. 

Weinberg-er.    Corporal    Adolph.    5913    Calumet 
avenue— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 

Weimer.    Capt.    H.    H..    5001    North    Western 
avenue— D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 

White.     Nathaniel     C.     (deceased),     514     East 
36th  street— D.   S.   C. 

Weiss,     Fred     R.,     2411     Winnemac     avenue — 
DSC 

Wiberg-,  Serg-t.  Alvin,  3740  North  Central  Park 
avenue — D.  S.  C. 

Wig-grlesworth,  Capt.  Robert.  839  Crescent  place 
— D.  S.  C. 

Winslow,     Lieut.     Alan,     River    Forest— C.     de 
G.    (Fr.) ;   D.  S.  C. 

Wrig-ht,   Lieut.   William  K.,   762  Charles  street 
— C.   de  G.    (Fr.). 

131ST  U.  S.  INFANTRY  (OLD  1ST  I.  N.  G.). 
Officers. 

Col.  Joseph  B.  Sanborn— D.  S.  C.;  D.  S.  O.;  O. 


of  L.    (officer);  L.  of  H.    (officer);  C.  de  G. 
with  palm;  D.  S.  M. 
Ma^Francis  M.  Allen— C.  de  G.,  with  bronze 

Capt.  William  M.  Wilson— C.  de  G.,  with  bronze 

star. 

First  Lieutenant  Walter  U.  Beauvais— D    S    C 
First  Lieutenant  H.   A.   Dickson— D    S    C      ' 
First  Lieutenant  Albert  G.  Jefferson— D.  S.  C.: 

3M.  C. 

First  Lieutenant  Henry  N.  Pride— D    S    C 
First  Lieutenant  Norman  A.  Schwald— C   de  G 

with  bronze  star. 
First  Lieutenant   Joseph   E.   Shantz— D     S    C  • 

C.  de  G. 
First  Lieutenant  Herman  H.  Weimer— D    S    C  • 

C.  de  G.  with  palm. 

Second  Lieutenant  Henry  J.  Dick— D    S    C 
Second  Lieutenant  Hardin  F.  Horton— D    S    C 
Second  Lieutenant  John  C.  Lee— D    S    C' 
Second  Lieutenant  George  W.  Sherwood— M.  C. 

Enlisted  Men— Sergeants. 
Lawrence  S.  Riddle— C    de   G 
5SSL ?r£afcP-  S-  C.:  M.  M".    (Br.):  C.  de  G. 


Herrick  Goodwillie — D.  S    C 

George  B.  Gourley— D.  S    C.;  M    M.   (Br  ) 

Benjamin  H.  Harrell— D    S    C 

James  Jackson— D.   S.  C. 

Swan  E.  Johnson — D    S    C 

William  C.  Jones— D.  S.  C.;  O.  de  G..  with  sil- 
ver star. 

James  E.  Krum— D.  S    C.:  M    M     (Br  ) 

George  J.  May— D.  S    C 

Sidney  C.  MoGuire— D    S.  C  •  M    M     (Br  ) 

Walter  C.  Peabody— M.  M.    (Br.)  ;  D    S  'c'  •  C 
de  G.  (Bel.)  ;  C.  de  G.  with  gold  star. 

John  C.  Perrie— C.  de  G.    (Fr.O    with  g-old  star. 

Van  Walker  Peterson— D.  S.  C 

William   Piepho— C.  de   G.    (Fr'.). 

James  B.  Powers — D    S    C 

Louis  R.  Rivers— M.  M.   (Br.)  ;  D    S.  C  •  C    de 
G.    (Bel.). 

James  J.  Rochfort— D    S    C. 

William   B.    Scholes— D. 'S.    C.:    M     M     (Br.)  • 
C.  de  G.   (Fr.)   with  palm 

Vivian  Skogsburg— D.  S.  C 

Matthew  Thornycroft— D.  S.  C.:  M.  M.    (Br.)  : 
C.  de  G.   (Bel.). 

Thomas  J.  Walsh— D.  S    C. 

James  J.  Washa— D.  S.  C 

William   Woodsmall— D     S.  C;   C.  de  G     (Fr  ) 
with   palm. 

Enlisted  Men— Corporals. 
Jake    Allex— C.    M.    of    H.;    D.    C.    M  •    M     M 

(Fr.);   C.  de   G.    (Fr.). 
John  Beato — D.  S.  C 
Charles  H.  Boyatt— D.  S.  C 
Nathan  M.  Curtis— D.  S.  C.' 
Roy  T.  Dixon— D.   S.  C. 

Solomon  C.  Fairman— C.  de  G.  (Fr.)   with  »alm 
John  L.  Flynn— D.  S.  C.:  C.  de  G.   (Fr  ) 
Paul    Hobschied— D.    S.    C.;    D     C.   M.;    M.   M 

(Fr.)  ;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.) . 
Robert  P.   Howard— D.   S.  C. 
Frank  P.  Koerper— D.   S.  C. 
Walter  N.  Larson— M.  M.    (Br.). 
Nathan  M.  Lieberman— D.   S.  C.:  M.  M.    (Br.) 
Stephen   M.   Ma  nee— D     S.  C.:   D.  C.  M. 
Tohn  F.  Mile?— D.  S.  C. 
Frank  L.  Mills— M.  M.    (Br.). 
John  J.  O'Keefe— D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.   (Fr.)   with 

silver  star. 

Gus  Paluback— D.   S.  C  . 
Thomas.  Pope— C.  M.  of  H.:  D    C    M.;  M.  M. 

(Fr.)  :  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Raymond    H     Powell— M     M.     (Br.)  ;    C.   de    G. 

(Bel.). 

Andrew  C.  Shfbinger— D.  S.  C.;  M    M.    (Br.). 
Carl  Somnitz— D.  S.  C.;  M.  M.    (Br.) . 
Fred  Swabey— C.  de  G.    (Fr.) . 
James  L.  Waters— D.  S.  C. 
Lester  C.  Whitson— D.  S.  C.:  M.  M.    (Br.). 


732 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


Alvin  C.  Wibergr— D.  S.  C. 

Henry  Zyburt— M.  M.   (Br.). 

Mechanic  Anton  J.  Watkin— M.  M.  (Br.)  ;  D.  S. 

C.:   D.  M.    (Bel.). 

Enlisted  Men— Privates. 

William  A.  Anderson— D.  S.  C.:  M.  M.   (Br.). 
Charles  C.  Bark— D.  S.  C.;  M.  M.    (Br.)  :  C.  de 

G.    (Bel.). 

William  T.  Blackwell— M.  M.   (Br.). 
Frank  Bremner — D.  S.  C. 
Swen  Carlson— D.  S.  C. 
William  Curr— M.  M.    (Br.) 
Samuel    T.    DeBonis— M.    M'.    (Br.)  ;    C.    de    G. 

(Bel.). 

Christopher  C.  Dunne— D.  S.  C.:  M.  M.    (Br.) . 
Daniel  S.  Flag-g-— D.  S.  C. 
George  F.  Gaston— D.  S.  C.:  M.  M.    (Br.). 
Leon  M.  Hanna— D.  S.  C. 
Harry  E.  Hample— D.  S.  C. 
Harry  Heacox— D.  S.  C. 
James  W.  Hilton— M.  M.    (Br.) . 
Albert  Holmes— D.  S.  C.;  M.  M.    (Br.)  :  M.  M. 

(Fr.);  C.  de  G.  (Fr.) . 
Edward  Herter— D.  S.  C. 
Percy  B.  Jones— D.  S.  C. 

Christopher  W.  Keane— D.  S.  C.;  M.  M.    (Fr.). 
Easter  Keeper— D.  S.  C. 
Frank  J.   Kostak— D.   S.  C.;  D.  C.  M.;   M.  M. 

(Fr.):  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 

Arthur  Krueg-er— D.  S.  C.:  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
David  T.  Leahy;  M    M.    (Br.). 
Edward  Lidwell— D.  S.  C. 
Rag-nar  Liljeberg-— D.  S.  C.:  M.  M.    (Br.). 
Robert  W.  Lindsay— D.  S.  C. 
William  C.  Linaky— D.  S.  C.;  M.  M.   (Br.). 
John  C.  Mallan— D.  S.  C. 
Leon  McBreen— D.  S.  C. 

Charles  Micha*lia— D.   S.   C.;  M.  M.    (Br.). 
Adolph  Nelgon— D.  S.  C. 
William     Peters-J).    S.    C.:     C.    de    G.     (Fr.) 

with  palm. 

Ray  Redding-— M.  M.    (Br.). 
Horace  Smotherman — D.  S.  C. 
Harry  Stokes- 1£.  M.   (Br.). 
J.  Sweredo— M.  M.    (Br.). 
Archie  F    Timblin— D.  S.  C. 
Gordon  Wickham— D.  S.  C.:  M.  M.    (Br.). 
Will  J.  Williams— D.  S.  C. 
Dickson  Woodward— D.  S.  C.:  M.  M.    (Br.) ;  C. 

de  G.    (Bel.). 
Steve  Zappa— D.  S.  C. 

Recapitulation. 

Decoration.  Officers.  Others.  Total. 

American    11          76     ,      87 

British    3          42          45 

French 7          25          32 

Belgian   189 

Total ~22        151        173 

THE  370TH  INFANTRY  (OLD  8TH  I.  N.  G.). 

Officers. 

Col.  Thomas  A.  Roberts— D.  S.  M. 
Lieut.-Col.   Otis  B.   Duncan— C.   de   G.    (Fr.). 
Maj.  James  R.  White— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Capt.  William  B.  Crawford;  D.  S.  C. 
Capt.  John  H.  Patton— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Capt.  John  T.  Prout— C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Capt.  Samuel  R.  Gwynne — C.  de  G.    (Fr.) . 
Capt.  Georgre  M.  Allen— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Capt.  James  C.  Hall— -C.  de  G.    (Fr.) 
Capt.  Stuart  Alexander— C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Capt.  Devere  J.  Warner— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Capt.  Matthew  Jackson— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Capt.  Charles  W.  Fillmore— C.  de  G.    (F.). 
First  Lieutenant  B.  H.  Lee— D.  S.  C. 
First    Lieutenant    William   Warfield— D.    S.  C.; 

C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
First   Lieutenant   Osceola   A.    Browning- — C.    de 

G.   (Fr.). 

First  Lieutenant  Park  Tancil— C.  de  G.  (Fr.) . 
First  Lieutenant  George  Lacey— C.  de  G.  (F.). 
First  Lieutenant  Frank  Robinson— C.  d3  G. 

(Fr.) . 


First  Lieutenant  Claudius    Ballard— C.     de     G. 

(Fr.). 
First  Lieutenant  Charles  C.  Jackson— C.  de  G. 

(Fr.). 
First  Lieutenant  Samuel    S.    Gordon— C.    de   G. 

(Fr.). 

First  Lieutenant  Robert  P.  Hurd— C.  da  G.  (Fr.) . 
First  Lieutenant  Harry    N.    Shelton— C,   de    G. 

(Fr.). 

Second  Lieutenant  Rufus  B.  Jackson— D.  S.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant  Stanley    B.    Norvell— C.    de 

G.    (Fr.). 
Second  Lieutenant  Roy    B.    Tisdell— C.    de    G. 

(Fr.). 
Second  Lieutenant  Henry    C.    P.   Cheatham— C. 

de   G.    (Fr.). 
Second  Lieutenant  Thomas    A.    Painter--C.    de 

G.    (Fr.). 
Second    Lieutenant    Lawson     Price— C.     de     G. 

(Fr.). 
Second  Lieutenant  Lincoln   D.   Reid— C.   de    G. 

(Fr.). 
Second  Lieutenant  Elmer    J.    Myers— C.   de    G. 

(Fr.). 

Enlisted  Men — Sergeants. 
Lester  Fossie— D.  S.  C. 
Ralph  Gibson — D.  S.  C. 
Charles  F.  Monroe— D.  S.  C. 
Emmett  Thompson — D.  S.  C. 
Norman  Henry— D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.  (Fr.). 
Robert  Barnes — D.  S.  C. 
Clarence  R.  Gibson— C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Enlisted  Men — Corporals. 
Isaac  Valley— D.   S.  C. 
Charles  T.  Brock— C.  de  G.   (Fr.) . 
James  R.  Brown— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Lewis  Warner— C.  de  G.    (Fr.>. 
Joseph  Henderson— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Maceo  A.  Tervalon— C.  de  G.    (Fr.) . 
William  Stevenson— €.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Elmer  Laurent— C.  de  G.    (Fr.) . 

Enlisted  Men— Privates. 
Alfred  Williamson— D.  S.  C. 
Nathaniel  C.   White    (deceased)— D.   6.   C.;   C. 

de  G.    (Fr.). 
LeRoy  Davis— D.   S.  C. 
Tom  Powell— D.  S.  C. 
Spirley  Irby— D.  S.  C. 
James  Fuquay— D.  S.  C. 
Art  Johnson— D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
William    E.   Cuff    (deceased)— D.    S.    C.:    C.   da 

G.    (Fr.). 

William  G.  Hurdle— D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Harry  Pearson— D.  S.  C.;  C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Alonzo   Walton— D.    S.  C. 
Andy  McCall— D.  S.  C. 
Robert  Pryor— C.   de  G.    (Fr.). 
Howard   Sheffield— C.  de    G.    (Fr.). 
Ulysses  Sayles— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Cornelius  Robinson — C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Hugh  Givens— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Charles  T.  Monroe— C.  de  G     (Fr.). 
Rufus  Pitts— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Deery  Brown — C.  de  G.    (Fr.) . 
Gilbert  Dorscy— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Bee  McKissie— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Jonas  Paxton— C.  de  G.    (Fr.)  . 
Paul  Turling-ton— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Reed  J.  Brown— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Paul  Johnson — C.  de  G.   (Fr.). 
Reedy  Jones— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Alonzo  Kellar— C.  de  G.    (Fr.) . 
LeRoy  Lindsay— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Lavery  Massey— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Josiah  Nevers— C.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Ira  Taylor-0.  de  G.    (Fr.). 
Jesse  Ferguson— C.  de  G.    (Fr.) . 

THE  REPUBLIC   OF   POLAND. 

The  Polish  republic  which  came  into  exis- 
tence with  the  disruption  of  the  Austro-Hun- 
g-arian  empire  in  November,  1918,  made  rapid 
progress  in  1919  toward  stability  in  the  face 
of  many  obstacles,  such  as  lack  of  food  sup- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


733 


plies  for  the  people,  lack  of  coal  and  raw  ma- 
terials for  the  factories  and  lack  of  money. 
It  had  to  keep  a  large  army  in.  the  field 
fighting  the  Russian  bolsheviki,  the  Ukrain- 
ians and  the  Germans.  Yet  it  met  all  situa- 
tions bravely  and  conditions  gradually  im- 
proved, though  they  were  still  difficult  to- 
ward the  ciose  of  the  year. 

In  January,  1919,  Ignace  Jan  Paderewski.  the 
noted  pianist  and  patriot,  formed  a  ministry 
under  the  chieftaincy  of  Gen.  Joseph  Pileudski 
with  himself  as  premier  and  minister  of  for- 
eign affaire.  On  Jan.  29  Secretary  of  State 
Lansing,  who  was  in  Paris  as  a  member  of 
the  American  peace  delegation,  made  public 
the  following  message  which  he  had  sent  to 
Premier  Paderewski: 

"The  president  of  the  United  States  directs 
me  to  extend  to  you  as  secretary  of  foreign 
affairs  of  the  provisional  Polish  government 
his  sincere  wishes  for  your  success  in  the 
high  office  which  you  have  assumed,  and  his 
earnest  hope  that  the  government  of  which 
you  are  a  part  will  bring  prosperity  to  the 
republic  of  Poland.  It  is  my  privilege  to 


extend  to  you  at  this  time  my  personal  greet- 
ings and  officially  to  assure  you  that  it  will 
be  a  source  of  gratification  to  enter  into  of- 
ficial relations  with  you  at  the  earliest  oppor- 
tunity to  render  to  your  country  such  aid  ae 
is  possible  at  this  time  as  it  enters  upon  a 
new  cycle  of  independent  life,  which  will  be 
in  due  accord  with  that  spirit  of  friendliness 
which  has  in  the  past  animated  the  Amer- 
ican people  in  their  relations  with  your  coun- 
trymen." 

Poland's  first  constitutional  assembly  began 
its  work  in  the  Marius  institute  in  Warsaw. 
Feb.  9.  and  on  the  22d  of  the  same  month 
Gen.  Pilsudski  was  made  chief  of  state  to  ex- 
ecute the  decisions  of  the  diet.  In  the 
course  of  the  year  Premier  Paderewski  worked 
unceasingly  for  the  success  of  the  republic, 
vigorously  defending  its  rights  before  the  peace 
conference  in  Paris,  securing  help  for  the 
starving  and  trying  to  frame  legislation  for 
the  future  welfare  of  his  country.  In  this 
he  was  assisted  by  many  other  Polish  pa- 
triots not  only  in  the  reconstituted  Poland 
but  in  the  United  States  and  elsewhere. 


CHICAGO    TROOPS    IN   THE   WAR. 


Following  are  summaries  of  the  work  of  three 

of  the  city's  old  national  guard  regiments. 
131ST  U.  S.  INFANTRY   (OLD  1ST  I.  N.  G.). 
[From  "The  131st  U.  S.  Infantry  in  the  World 

War."] 

Major  Operations. 

Somme  Offensive— Aug.  8  to  19.   1918. 
Grossaire  Wood  and  Chipilly  Ridge  offensive— 

Grossaire  Wood  and  Chipilly  Ridge  defensive 

—Aug.  11  to  13. 

Eitnehem-Bray  defensive— Aug.  13  to  20. 
Argonne-Meuse  Offensive— Sept.  26  to  Nov.  11, 

1  O1  ft 

Bois  des  Forges  offensive— Sept.  26. 

Bois  des  Forges  sector  defensive— Sept.  27  to 

Bois  de  Chaume  offensive— Oct.  8  to  9. 

Bois  de  Chaume  and  Bois  du  Plat  Chene  of- 
fensive— Oct.  10. 

Bois  de  Chaume  and  Bois  du  Plat  Chene  de- 
fensive—Oct.   11   to   19. 

Other  Operations. 

Defense  of  Sectors — 
Defense  of  Vaden  line  under  British  3d  corps 

-^7une  23  to  July  11.   1918. 
Defense  of  Baizieux  sector  under  British  3d 

corps— July  17  to  Aug.  7. 
Defense  of  Albert  sector— July  24  to  Aug.  6. 
Defense   of   Verdun  sector    (Mort  Homme)  — 

Defense  of  Troyon-sur-Meuse  sector— Oct.  23 

to  Nov.  8. 
Local  Engagements — 

Attack  on  Hamel— July  4. 

First  raid  on  St.  Hilaire— Nov.  8. 

Second  raid  on  St.  Hilaire— Nov.  9. 

Attack  on  Bois  les  Haute  Epines— Nov.   10. 

Attack  on  La  Vachere  Bois— Nov.   10. 

Attack  on  Bois  de  Warville— Nov.   10. 

Attack  on  Bois  d'Harville — Nov.  10. 

Attack  on  Le  Vieux  Bois— Nov.  10. 

Attack  on  Bugneville — Nov.  11. 
Casualties. 
Killed  or 

Battle.  died  of  wounds.  Wounded.  Total. 

Amiens   sector  defense  .  .    6  36  42 

Attack   on   Hamel 15  92  107 

Grossaire  Wood  and  Chi- 
pilly Ridge    70  476  546 

Somme  defensive   26  318  344 

Defense  Verdun  sector 

Bois  des  Forges 21  155  176 


Killed  or 

Battle.             died  of  wounds.  Wounded.  Total. 

Vilosnes-Consenvoye    12  50  62 

Bois  de  Chaume,  attack.. 60  424  484 
Bois  de  Chaume,  defense.  17  126  142 
Vilosnes-Consenvoye.    de- 
fensive     4  384  388 

Troyon  sector  25  171  196 

Accidental 4  4  8 

Not    placed 2  8  10 


Total    262         2.244         2,506 

There  were  287  men  severely  wounded,  1.- 
008  slightly  wounded.  49  severely  gassed,  894 
slightly  gassed  and  6  shell  shocked. 
THE  132D  INFANTRY  (OLD  2D  I.  N.  G.) 
The  132d  infantry,  commanded  by  Col.  Abel 
Davis,  saw  a  great  deal  of  fighting  in  France 
and  many  decorations  were  awarded  to  the 
officers  and  men  for  valor  in  action.  The 
names  of  most  of  these  will  be  found  in  the 
list  as  reported  by  the  war  department.  Five 
congressional  medals  of  honor  were  awarded 
to  the  regiment,  four  of  them  for  bravery  in 
the  battle  of  the  Bois  des  Forges.  These 
were  Capt.  George  H.  Mallon,  company  E; 
First  Sergeant  Sydney  G.  Gumpertz,  company 
E:  Private  Burger  Lohman,  company  H.  and 
Sergeant  Willis  Sandin,  company  H,  The  132d 
regiment  lost  eleven  commissioned  officers  end 
263  enlisted  men  in  the  war,  most  of  them 
being  killed  in  action  or  dying  from  wounds. 

The   high   points   in   the    regiment's   history 
are: 

May  24.  1918 — Arrived  at  Brest.  France,  dis- 
embarking two  days  later  and  arriving  by 
train  at  British  training  area,  around  Oise- 
mont  June  1. 

June  10 — Hiked   to   Gamaches   training  area. 
July    4— Participated    in    Australian    attack    at 

Vaire  woods  and  Hamel. 
Aug.  6 — Participated  in  capture  of  Albert. 
Aug.  24 — Moved  to  American  area,  regimental 

headquarters  at  Resson. 

Sept.  6— Attached  to  French  2d  army,  head- 
quarters at  Bois  Brule. 

Sept.  9— Part  of  American  3d  army  corps,  re- 
lieving French  408th  infantry  regiment  in 
Mort  Homme  sector. 

Sept.  26 — Pivot  of  American  1st  army  attack 
north  of  Verdun,  making  five  kilometer 
(three  mile)  advance  through  Bois  des 
Forges.  Relieved  Oct.  4. 

Oct.  6— /Third  battalion  attached  to  American 
4th  division,  taking  part  in  capture  of  Bois 
de  Foret.  Relieved  Oct.  14. 


734 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Oct.  8 — Crossed  Meuse  as  part  of  French  17th 
corps,  attacking  in  Consenvoye,  Bois  de  Cou- 
senvoye.  Bois  de  Chaume  and  Plat  Chene. 
Relieved  Oct.  10. 

Oct.  26 — Took  place  of  American  316th  regi- 
ment in  Troyon  area.  Relieved  Nov.  6. 

Nov.  11 — Cessation  of  hostilities:  regiment  oc- 
cupying outpost  positions. 

108TH  AMMUNITION  TRAfN  (7TH  I.  N.  G.). 

[By   E.   R.   T.] 

The  108th  ammunition  train,  commanded 
by  Lieut.-Col.  Walter  J.  Fisher,  was  organized 
from  the  old  7th  Illinois  infantry  in  October, 
1917,  at  Camp  Logjn,  Texas.  Coming  to 
France  the  early  part  of  1918  it  trained  at 
Vuillafans.  department  of  the  Doubs.  Left 
its  training  area  for  the  Toul  sector  Aug.  24 
and  operated  in  that  portion  of  the  line  di- 
rectly behind  Montsec  up  to  and  including  the 
first  two  days  of  the  big  American  offensive 


on  the  St.  Mihiel  salient.  Left  this  front 
Sept.  14,  moving  to  new  station  at  Brabant- 
en-Argonne.  Upon  arrival  there  it  immedi- 
ately began  the  task  of  furnishing  ammuni- 
tion to  the  batteries  of  the  5ttth  field  artil- 
lery brigade,  with  which  organization  this 
regiment  served  throughout  all  its  operations. 
Through  a  very  trying  campaign,  beginning 
Sept.  26,  the  opening-  date  of  the  great  Meuse- 
Arg-onne  offensive,  and  working  through  to 
the  termination  of  hostilities  on  Nov.  11.  the 
regiment,  under  extremely  trying  conditions, 
lack  of  motor  transportation,  very  poor  roads 
and  violent  enemy  shell  fire,  succeeded  at  all 
times  in  keeping  more  than  the  necessary  sup- 
ply of  ammunition  on  hand  for  the  batteries 
of  the  three  artillery  regiments  of  the  brigade. 
In  these  operations  the  regiment  lost  twelve 
men  killed  in  action,  thirty-nine  wounded,  and 
nineteen  died  of  wounds  or  other  causes. 


MILITARY     FORCES     OF     ILLINOIS. 


GENERAL   OFFICERS. 

Commander   in   chief — Gov.    Frank   O.   Lowden. 

The  Adjutant-General — Brig. -Gen.  Frank  S. 
Dickson. 

Adjutant-General—Col.  Richings  J.  Shand. 

Assistant  Quartermaster-General— Col.  Stephen 
O.  Tripp. 

Inspector-General—Col.  Henry  Barrett  Cham- 
berlin,  Chicago. 

Chief  of   Ordnance— Gen.  Frank   S.   Dickson. 

Ordnance    Officer— Col.   James   Ronayne. 

Judge  Advocate— Maj .  Lucius  F.  Strawn,  Chi- 
cago. 

Surgeon-General—Col.    Jacob    Frank,    Chicago. 
ILLINOIS     NATIONAL    GUARD. 

First  Brigade  (headquarters,  Springfield)  — 
BrigvGen.  Frank  S.  Dickson  commanding. 

Ninth  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters, 
Springfield)— Col.  Frank  L.  Taylor  com- 
manding; Lieut.-Col.  Samuel  N.  Hunter, 
Maj.  William  E.  Satterfield.  Maj.  Charles  W. 
Russell,  Maj.  Claude  E.  Smith. 

Tenth  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters, 
Danville)— Col.  Oscar  Philip  Yeager  com- 
manding; Lieut.-Col.  John  H.  Lewman,  Maj. 
John  O.  Smith.  Maj.  Henry  C.  Hill.  Maj. 
Albert  E.  Zoller. 

Eleventh  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters, 
Chicago)— Col.  James  E.  Stuart  command- 
ing; Lieut.-Col.  William  E.  Swanson.  Maj. 
John  D.  Givens,  Maj.  George  R.  Harbaugh, 
Maj.  Samuel  H.  Vowell. 

ILLINOIS   RESERVE  MILITIA. 

First  Brigade  (headquarters,  Chicago)— Brig.- 
Gen.  LeRoy  T.  Steward  commanding;  Maj. 
A.  G.  Daughaday,  inspector-general;  Maj. 
George  R.  Linn,  quartermaster-general; 
Maj.  William  T.  Church,  ordnance  officer 
and  inspector  of  small  arms;  Lieut.-Col. 
Julius  R.  Kline,  judge  advocate. 

First  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters. 
Chicago)— Col.  A.  F.  Lorenzen  command- 
ing; Lieut.-Col.  Nicholas  Budinger;  Maj. 
Jacob  Judson;  Maj.  Francis  W.  Parlson,  Jr.; 
Maj.  John  William  Mary. 

Second  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters, 
Chicago) — Col.  Joseph  C.  Wilson  command- 
ing-; Lieut.-Col.  Charles  A.  Alsip;  Maj. 
William  F.  Sims,  Maj.  John  P.  Hobbs,  Maj. 
Archibald  MacLeish. 


Third  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters, 
Chicago)— Col.  A.  L.  Bolte  commanding; 
Lieut.-Col.  Thomas  F.  Howe,  Maj.  Joseph 
M.  AUen,  Maj.  R.  Scott  Miner,  Maj.  Oliver 
D.  Steele. 

Fourth  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters. 
Chicago)— Col.  William  C.  Beckman  com- 
manding; Lieut.-Col.  W.  H.  Slade;  Maj.  J. 
H.  Ireland;  Maj.  Walter  S.  Caldwell,  Maj. 
M.  J.  Weiland. 
Second  Brigade  (headquarters,  Springfield)  — 

Brig. -Gen.  Frank  P.  Wells  commanding. 
Fourth  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters. 
Springfield) — Col.  Charles  P.  Summers  com- 
manding; Lieut.-Col.  Frank  R.  Simmons, 
Maj.  Arthur  D.  Mackie,  Maj.  LeRoy  P. 
Owens,  Maj.  Harold  Ward. 
Sixth  Regiment  of  Infantry  (headquarters, 
Oregon)— Col.  Franc  Bacon  commanding; 
Lieut.-Col.  William  H.  Brogunier,  Maj. 
Charles  S.  Harkison,  Maj.  Fred  L.  Dewey. 
Maj.  Sam  W.  Gushing. 

Seventh   Regiment    of   Infantry    (headquarters, 
Springfield)— Col.    Hal    M.    Smith     command- 
ing;   Maj.    Lauren    W.    Coe.    Maj.    Harry   M. 
Powell,   Maj.  Warren  A.   Hickox. 
Eighth    Regiment,    Depot    Organization    (head- 
quarters,    Quincy)— Col.     Clare    Irwin     com- 
manding;    Lieut.-Col.     Robert     R.     Wallace, 
Maj.    John    Henry    Keller,    Maj.    Thomas    H. 
Osborne,    Maj.   James    Monroe    Reed. 
Otis     B.     Duncan     has     been     commissioned 
colonel    and    Robert    A.    Byrd    major    of    the 
eighth  infantry.  Illinois  national  guard,   which 
is  in  process  9f  formation.    Henry  B.  Reilly  has 
been  commissioned  colonel  of  an  artillery  reg- 
iment  of  the  Illinois  national  guard  which  is 
to    be    organized,     and    Henry    A.    Allen    has 
been   commissioned   colonel    of    a    signal   corps 
which  is  to  be   organized. 

ILLINOIS  MEN  IN  THE  WAR. 
Illinois  furnished  308,240  men  for  the 
United  States  army  and  navy  in  the  war 
with  Germany.  The  state  furnished  256,181 
men  for  the  federal  army  and  navy  during 
the  civil  war.  Of  this  number  probably  50, v 
000  were  re-enlistments,  making  the  net 
number  furnished  in  the  civil  war  approxi- 
mately 206.000  men,  or  102,000  less  than 
the  state  furnished  in  the  war  with  Germany. 


WIDTH  OF  TIRES  REQUIRED  IN  CHICAGO. 


The  wide  tire  ordinance  passed  by  the  Chicago 
city  council  Feb.  4.  1908,  requires  that  all  four 
wheeled  vehicles  shall  have  tires  proportionate 
to  the  load  they  carry,  as  follows: 

Load.  Tires,  inches. 

3.000  pounds  or   under 1% 

Between    3,000  and    4.000  pounds 2 

Between    4.000  and    6.000  pounds 2% 


Tires,  inches. 


Load. 

Between    6,000  and    8.000  pounds. 
Between    8.000  and  10.000  pounds., 

Between  10,000  and  14.000  pounds 4* 

Between  14.000  and  18.000  pounds 6 

Over   18,000   pounds 8 

The  width  for  two  wheeled  trucks  is  double. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


735 


CHICAGO  STREET  RAILWAY  CHRONOLOGY. 


Omnibuses — First  regular  omnibus  line  started 
by  Frank  Parmelee  May  9.  1853. 

Horse  Cars— South  side:  First  line  on  State 
street,  between  Randolph  and  12th  streets, 
opened  April  25,  1859.  West  side:  Madison 
street  line,  Halsted  to  State,  opened  May  20, 
1859:  Randolph  street  line  opened  July  15. 
1859  North  side:  Wells  street  line,  river  to 
Chicago  avenue,  opened  late  in  spring  of  1859: 
Clark  street  line  opened  in  August.  1859. 

Cable  Cars — South  side:  First  cable  line  in 
Chicago  operated  on  State  to  39th  street:  be- 
gan business  Jan.  28,  1882;  Cottage  Grove 
avenue  line  built  same  year.  North  side: 
Clark  street  line  opened  March  27.  1888:  Wells 
street  line  opened  same  year:  Lincoln  avenue 
line  opened  Jan.  22.  1889:  Clybourn  avenue 
line  opened  May  2.  1891.  West  side:  Madison 
street  line  opened  July  16,  1890:  Milwaukee 
avenue  line  opened  at  same  time:  Blue  Island 
avenue  line  opened  July  28,  1893. 

Electric  Cars— South  side:  First  electric  line 
in  city  began  operating  Oct.  2.  1890.  from 
95th  street  and  Stony  Island  avenue  to  South 
Chicago:  trolley  substituted  for  horse  cars  on 
most  of  the  lines  (except  cable)  in  1893  and 
1894  in  all  divisions  of  the  city  and  in  the 
suburbs:  trolley  substituted  for  cable  cars  on 
Stata  street  July  22.  1906,  and  on  Cottage 
Grove  avenue  Oct.  21.  1906.  West  side:  Trol- 
ley cars  substituted  for  cable  o-  Blue  Island 
avenue  July  22,  1906,  and  on  Madison  rt-eet 
and  Milwaukee  avenue  Aug.  19.  1906.  North 
side:  All  cables  changed  to  trolley  lines  Oct. 
21.  1906.  Fares  raised  to  7  cents  Aug.  8. 
1919:  Dec.  1.  1919.  fifty-ride  tickets  sold  for 
$3,  ten-ride  tickets  for  65  cen  s. 

Elevated  Railways— South  side:  South  side 
elevated  railroad  began  regular  operation  on 
line  between  Congress  street  and  39th  street 
June  6.  1892,  with  steam  as  motive  po  -er; 
extended  to  Stony  Island  avenue  in  May, 
1893;  extended  to  Englewood  in  1906  ~nd  to 
Kenwood  in  1907:  trains  began  "unning 
around  loop  Oct.  19.  1897:  motive  power 
changed  to  electricity  July  27.  -"898.  West 
side;  Lake  street  line  (Chicago  Oak  Park) 
began  running  Nov.  6,  1893.  with  ;eam  as 
motive  power:  electricity  substituted  June  14, 
1896;  Metropolitan  road  opened  May  20.  1  95. 
with  electricity  as  motive  power:  began  run- 
ning over  loop  Oct.  10.  1897:  extension  of 


Garfield  park  and  Douglas  park  lines  completed 
in  1902.  North  side:  Northwestern  line  opened 
for  business  May  31.  1900.  with  electricity  as 
motive  power;  Ravenswood  branch  opened 
May  10.  1907:  through  routing  of  trains  be- 
tween north  and  south  sides  and  giving  of 
transfers  on  all  elevated  roads  begun  Nov.  3. 
1913.  Fares  raised  to  6  cents  Nov.  22.  1918: 
raised  to  8  cents  Aug.  8.  1919. 

Merger  of  Surface  Lines— Unified  Manage- 
ment— Ordinance  passed  Nov.  14.  1913.  provid- 
ing for  merger  and  unified  management  of  all 
surface  lines,  with  through  routes.  5  cent  fares 
and  transfers  to  all  parts  of  city;  ordinance 
went  into  effect  Feb.  1.  1914. 

STREET  RAILWAY  FRANCHISE. 

Ordinances  passed  by  city  council  Feb.  4, 
1907;  vetoed  by  mayor  and  passed  over  veto 
Feb.  11.  1907;  approved  by  people  on  refer- 
endum vote  April  2.  1907. 

Systems  to  be  reconstructed  and  rehabilitated 
within  three  years. 

City  to  supervise  rehabilitation  through 
board  of  three  engineers. 

Life  of  grant  not  to  extend  in  any  event  be- 
yond Feb.  1.  1927. 

City  to  receive  55  per  cent  and  companies  45 
per  cent  of  the  net  profits  from  the  operation 
of  the  roads. 

Twenty-one  through  routes  specified  and  pro- 
vision made  for  others. 

Fares  for  adults  to  be  5  cents  for  continu- 
ous trips  in  one  general  direction  within  the 
present  or  future  city  limits. 

Transfers  to  be  given  at  all  connecting  points 
«n  "nd  to  all  lines  except  in  section  on  south 
side  bet  /een  Roosevelt  road  and  the  river. 
( Py  merger  ordinance  passed  Nov.  14,  1913, 
transfers  are  given  in  all  parts  of  the  city.) 

Motive  power  of  cars  to  be  electricity  ap- 
plied by  the  overhead  or  underground  trolley 
system. 

Cars  to  be  of  the  latest  and  most  approved 
pattern  and  to  be  kept  clean  and  warm  and 
well  lighted. 

Cars  to  be  operated  singly  after  one  year. 

Companies  to  pay  85.000,000  toward  the 
construction  of  subways  in  the  downtown  sec- 
tion at  the  city's  option. 

City  given  the  right  to  purchase  the  property 
of  both  the  present  great  systems  at  any  time 
.jon  giving  six  months'  notice. 


Chicago  Civil  Service  League,  room  614  Reap- 
er block,  105  North  Clark  street— President. 
Edward  M.  McNamara;  secretary.  James  M. 
Grimm. 


POLITICAL   ASSOCIATIONS   IN   CHICAGO. 

Civil  Service  Reform  Association  of  Chicago, 
room  312.  35  North  Dearborn  street — Presi- 
dent. Russell  Whitman;  secretary.  R.  E. 
Blackwood. 


Chicago  Political  Equality  League,  room  1704, 

17  North   State   street— President,   Mrs.    Lula 

Smart     Schweizer;     corresponding    secretary, 

Miss  Thirza  Riggs. 
Chicago    Single    Tax    Club,    room    1439,    127 

North  Dearborn   street— President.   Otto  Cull- 
man. 
Citizens'  Association  of  Chicag-o  (nonpartisan). 

room   1417,    11    South  LaSalle   street— Presi- 
dent Moses  E.  Greenebaum;  secretary,  Shelby 

M.   Singleton. 
Citv     Club,     315     Plymouth     court— President, 

George  H.   Mead:   treasurer.   Roy  C.   Osgood: 

secretary,   Charles   Yeomans;   civic   secretary, 

Dwight  L.  Akers. 
Civic    Federation     (nonpartisan),    room    1009, 

108   South   LaSalle   street— President.    Joseph 

E.    Otis:    secretary,    Douglas   Sutherland. 

YALE    CLUB    OF    CHICAGO. 

President— James  O.  Heyworth.   '88.  I  Second   Vice-Pres.— Laurence   B.   RobbinB. 

First      Vice-President    —   William      McCormick     Secretary  and  Treasurer— Henry  P.  Isham, 
Blair,     07.  |  Chorister— A.  Ballard  Bradley,   '11. 


Illinois  Equal  Suffrage  Association,  room  603 
Tower  building— President,  Mrs.  Grace  Wil- 
bur Trout,  Oak  Park;  corresponding  secre- 
tary. Mrs.  J.  W.  McGrath.  Chicago. 

Municipal  Voters'  League  (nonpartisan), 
room  806,  109  North  Dearborn  street— Presi« 
dent,  (vacancy) :  secretary.  Joseph  Cum- 
mins: treasurer,  F.  B.  Johnston  (acting). 

United  Societies  for  Local  Self-Government, 
room  705.  137  North  Clark  street— President, 
Michael  Zimmer:  secretary,  A.  J.  Cermak. 

Woman's  City  Club  of  Chicago.   16  North  W£- 
bash      avenue— President.      Mrs.      Joseph      T. 
Bowen:    secretary.    Mrs.   Jam^s   L.   Hough tel- 
ing:   civic  director,   Edith  Rockwood. 
Locations    and     secretaries     of     semipolitical 

social  clubs  like  the  Hamilton  (rep.)  and  the 
I  Iroouois  (dem.)  will  be  found  under  "Chicago 
I  Clubs  and 


L7. 


736 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BO0K  FOR   1920. 


PRIMARY    AND    ELECTION    CALENDAR     FOR  CHICAGO  IN  1920. 

Last    day   for   candidates   to    withdraw    fmm 
clerks0"8    fil6d    With    tne    c°unty    ana    35 
Aug.  25*— Registration  day. 

26  and  27— Canvass  of  precincts. 


FOR  GENERAL  ALDERMANIC  ELECTIONS 
FEB.  24.  1920. 

Jan.  30— Last  day  to  file  aldermanic  petitions 
with  the  city  clerk. 

Feb.  4— Last  day  to  file  withdrawals  with  the 
board  of  election  commissioners  from  aider- 
manic  petitions  filed  with  the  city  clerk. 

Feb.    3 — Registration   day. 

Feb.  4  and  5 — Canvass  of  precincts. 

Feb.  7— Revision. 

FOR    SUPPLEMENTARY    ALDERMANIC 
ELECTIONS,    APRIL    6,    1920. 

The  names  of  the  candidates  for  alderman 
receiving  the  highest  and  second  highest 
votes  in  any  ward  where  no  candidates  re- 
ceived a  majority  of  votes  cast  at  the  general 
aldermanic  election  will  be  placed  on  the  bal- 
lot for  the  supplementary  aldermanic  elec- 
tion. 
March  6— Last  day  to  file  with  the  county 

clerk    petitions    for    commissioners    of    park 

districts. 
March  22— Last  day  to  file  petitions  for  town 

offices  with  the  town  clerks. 
March    24— Last    day    for    candidates    to    file 

withdrawal  from  any  of  above  petitions. 

FOR   PRESIDENTIAL  PRIMARY, 
APRIL  13,   1920. 

Feb.  13 — First  day  to  file  petitions  with  the 
secretary  of  state  for  president  of  the 
United  States  and  delegates  and  alternate 
delegates  to  national  nominating  conventions. 
First  day  to  file  petitions  with  the  county 
clerk  for  ward  committeeman. 

March  4— Last  day  to  file  petitions  with  the 
secretary  of  state  and  county  clerk. 

March  9— Last  day  for  candidates  to  with- 
draw from  petitions  filed  with  the  secre- 
tary of  state. 

March  24— Last  day  for  candidates  to  with- 
draw from  petitions  filed  with  the  county 
clerk. 

March  23— Registration  day. 

March  24  and  25 — Canvass  of  precincts. 

March  27— Revision. 

FOR    PRIMARY,    SEPT.    15,    1920. 

July  17— First  day   to   file   petitions  with   the 
secretary  of  state  for  state  offices. 
First   day  to   file  petitions   with  the   county 
clerk   for   county   offices. 

Aug.  6— Last  day  to  file  petitions  with  the 
secretary  of  state  and  county  clerk. 

Aug.  11— Last  day  to  withdraw  from  pe- 
titions filed  with  the  secretary  of  state. 

Aug.  16— First  day  to  file  petitions  with  the 
city  clerk  for  associate  judges  of  the  Munic- 
ipal court. 

Aug.  26— Last  day  to  file  petitions  with  the 
city  clerk  for  associate  judges  of  the  Munic- 
ipal court. 


Aug.  28  —  Revision. 


FOR   ELECTION,    N0V.    2,    1920. 

day  to   file   independent   petitions 
secretary    of    state     and     county 

independent  Petitions 


-* 
clerk 


Last  day  to  withdraw  from  independent 
petitions  filed  with  the  secretary  of  state 

ect.  20-Last  day  to  withdraw  from  independ- 
cferk1?  With  the  county  SddSj 

Oct.   2—  General   registration  day 

Oct.  12—  General  registration  day. 

Oct.  13  and  14—  Canvass  of  precincts. 

Oct.  16—  Revision. 

OFFICIALS  TO   BE   ELECTED 
Feb.   24,    1920—  Aldermen. 
April   6.    1920—  Aldermen 
Commissioners   of   small   park    districts 


April  13.  1920—  For  expression  of  choice  as 
T?  •*p2r&  candidates  for  president  of  the 
united  States. 

Delegates  and  alternate  delegates  to  national 
conventions. 
Ward  committeemen 
Nov.    2.    1920—  Presidential    electors. 
United   States   senator. 
Governor. 

Lieutenant-governor. 
Secretary  of  state. 
Auditor    of    public    accounts. 
State   treasurer 
Attorney-general. 
Clerk    Supreme    court. 
University    trustees. 

Representatives  in  congress—  State  at  large. 
Clerk    Appellate    court. 
Representatives    in    congress    from    each    dis- 

trict. 
State    senator    from     each     even     numbered 

district. 
Representatives    in    general    assembly    from 

each    district. 
State's  attorney. 
Recorder. 

Clerk  of  the  Circuit  court. 
Clerk   of  the   Superior   court. 
Coroner. 

Members  board  of   assessors. 
Member   board    of    review. 
County  surveyor. 

Trustees  sanitary  district   of  Chicago. 
Associate  judges  Municipal  court. 


Year. 
1840  

V  EQUALIZED    ASSESSMENT    OF    ILLINOIS  PROPE] 

Real                   Personal.             Railroad 
estate.              .property.             property. 

BTY. 

Total         Tax  rate 
valuation,   per  $100 
$58,752.168      $0/>0 
119,868.336           .58 
367.227.742            .67 
480.664.058            .65 
786.616.394            .36 
808.892.782            .36 
809.733,405           .50 
2,199.701.976           .30 
2.343.879.691            .38 
2.422.344.379           .70 
2.455.745.799           .48 
2,502.445.459           .55 
2.502,136.183           .80 
2.576.012.532           .90 
2.616.813.843           .75 
1909  it  was  one-fifth. 

1850  
I860  

4...     $86,532.237 
266.258.155 

833.335.799 
188.854,115 
113.545.227 
165.846.994 
149.158.000 
162.235.264 
467,482.556 
470.904.243 
509.623.714 
504.124.339 
535.150.533 
535.212.888 
540.059.303 

the     actual 

91/2.085,472 
19.242.141 
47.365.259 
72.689.396 
77.878.672 
177.217.518 
178.092.000 
192.  351.  627 
200.008.164 
218.583.630 
218.166.237 
220.658.412 
214.296.689 
value.    Prior  to 

347.876690 

1880  

573.404.141 

1890 

587045386 

1900  

569.619469 

1910  
1912 

1.532.525.070 
1  648  500  546 

1913  

1914 

1.658.544.334 
1  701  348  931 

1915  
1916    

1.748.711.296 
1  748  757  058 

1917... 

...1,790  136  589 

1918  
Note—  The 

2.363.963.123 
assessed  value  is  one-third  of 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


737 


PRESIDENT'S    MESSAGE    TO    CONGRESS     (DEC.    2,    1919). 


Owing-  to  illness  President  Wilson  was  unable 
to  appear  before  congress  in  person  and  the 
following1  message  was  therefore  read  to  each 
house  separately  at  noon  on  Dec.  2.  1919: 

"To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives : 

"I  sincerely  regret  that  I  cannot  be  present 
at  the  opening-  of  this  session  of  the  congress. 
I  am  thus  prevented  from  presenting-  in  as  di- 
rect a  W'ay  as  I  could  wish  the  many  questions 
that  are  pressing-  for  solution  at  this  time. 
Happily,  I  have  had  the  advantage  of  the  ad- 
vice of  the  heads  of  the  several  executive  de- 
partments who  have  kept  in  close  touch  with 
affairs  in  their  detail  and  whose  thoughtful 
recommendations  I  earnes.ly  second. 

"In  the  matter  of  the  railroads  and  the  re- 
adjustment of  their  affairs  growing-  out  of 
federal  control.  I  shall  take  the  liberty  at 
later  day  of  addressing-  you. 

"I  hope  that  congress  will  bring-  to  a  con- 
clusion at  this  session  legislation  looking  to 
the  establishment  of  a  budget  system.  That 
there  should  be  one  single  authority  responsi- 
ble for  the  making  of  all  appropriations  and 
that  appropriations  should  be  made  not  inde- 
pendently of  each  other  but  with  reference  to 
one  single  comprehensive  plan  of  expenditure 
properly  related  to  the  nation's  income  there 
can  be  no  doubt.  I  believe  the  burden  of  pre- 
paring the  budget  must,  in  the  nature  of  the 
case,  if  the  work  is  to  be  properly  done  and 
responsibility  concentrated  instead  of  divided, 
rest  upon  the  executive. 

"The  budget  so  prepared  should  be  submitted 
to  and  approved  or  amended  ly  a  single  com- 
mittee of  each  house  of  congress,  and  no  sin- 
gle appropriation  should  be  made  by  the  con- 
gress, except  such  as  may  have  been  included 
in  the  budget  prepared  by  the  executive  or 
added  by  the  particular  committee  of  con- 
gress charged  wi:h  the  budget  legislation. 

"Another  and  not  less  important  aspect  of 
the  problem  is  the  ascertainment  qpf  the  econ- 
omy and  efficiency  with  which  the  mpneva 
appropriated  are  expended.  Under  existing 
law  the  only  audit  is  for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining whether  expenditures  h?ve  been  law- 
fully made  within  the  appropriations.  No  one 
is  authorized  or  equipped  to  ascertain  whether 
the  money  has  been  spent  wisely,  economically 
and  effectively. 

"The  auditors  should  be  highly  trained  of- 
ficials with  permanent  tenure  in  the  .treasury 
department,  free  of  obligations  to  or  motives 
of  consideration  for  this  or  any  subsequent 
administration  and  authorized  and  empowered 
to  examine  into  and  make  report  upon  the 
methods  employed  and  the  results  obtained  by 
the  executive  departments  of  the  government. 
Their  reports  should  be  made  to  the  congress 
and  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury. 

TAXATION  QUESTION. 

"I  trust  that  the  congress  will  give  its  im- 
mediate consideration  to  the  problem  of  future 
taxation.  Simplification  of  the  income  and 
profits  taxes  has  become  an  immediate  neces- 
sity. These  t^xes  performed  indispensable 
service  during  the  war.  They  must,  however, 
be  simplified,  not  only  to  save  the  taxpayer 
inconvenience  and  expense,  but  in  order  that 
his  liability  may  be  made  certain  and  definite. 
"With  reference  to  the  details  of  the  rev- 
enue law.  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  and 
the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  will  lay 
before  you  for  your  consideration  certain 
amendments  necessary  or  desirable  in  connec- 
tion with  the  administration  of  the  law — rec- 
ommendations which  have  my  approval  and 
support. 

"It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  in  deal- 
ing with  this  matter  the  present  law  should 
not  be  disturbed  so  far  as  regards  taxes  for 


the  calendar  year  1920.  payable  in  the  calen- 
dar year  1921.  The  congress  might  well  con- 
sider  whether  the  higher  rates  of  income  and 
profits  taxes  can  in  peace  times  be  effectively 
productive  of  revenue  and  whether  they  may 
not,  pn  the  contrary,  be  destructive  of  business 
activity  and  productive  of  waste  and  inef- 
ficiency. 

"There  is  a  point  at  which  in  peace  times 
high  rates  of  income  and  profits  taxes  discour. 
age  energy,  remove  the  incentive  to  new  en- 
terprise, encourage  extravag.  nt  expenditures 
and  produce  industrial  stagnation  with  conse- 
quent unemployment  and  other  attendant  evils. 

"The  problem  is  not  an  easy  one.  A  funda- 
ment-1  change  has  taken  place  with  reference 
to  the  position  of  Amciica  in  the  world's  af- 
fairs. The  prejudice  and  passions  engendered 
by  decades  of  controversy  between  two  schools 
of  political  and  economic  thought — the  one  be- 
lievers in  prptection  of  American  industries, 
the  other  believers  in  tariff  for  revenue  only 
—must  be  subordinated  to  the  single  consider- 
ation of  the  public  interest  in  the  light  ol 
utterly  changed  conditions. 

"Before  the  war  America  was  heavily  the 
debtor  of  the  rest  of  the  world  and  the  inter- 
est payments  she  had  to  make  to  foreign 
countries  on  American  securities  held  abroad, 
the  expenditures  of  American  travelers  abroad 
and  the  ocean  freight  charges  she  had  to  pay 
to  others,  about  balanced  the  value  of  her 
prewar  favorable  balance  of  trade.  During 
the  war  America's  exports  h;;ve  been  greatly 
stimulated,  and  increased  prices  have  increased 
their  value.  On  the  other  hrnd  she  has  pur- 
chased a  large  proportion  of  the  American  se- 
curities previously  held  abroad,  has  loaned 
some  $9.000.000.000  to  foreign  governments 
and  has  built  her  own  ships. 

"Our  favorable  balance  of  trade  has  thus 
been  greatly  increased  and  Europe  has  been 
deprived  of  the  means  of  meeting  it  heretofore 
existing.  Europe  can  hjve  only  three  waya  of 
meeting  the  favorable  balance  of  trade  in 
peace  times:  By  imports  into  tms  country  of 
gold  or  of  goods,  or  by  establishing  new  cred- 
its. Europe  is  in  no  position  at  the  present 
time  to  ship  gold  to  us  nor  cpuld  we  contem- 
plate large  further  imports  of  gold  into  this 
country  without  concern. 

TIME  FOR  WORLD  LOANS  PASSED. 

"The  time  has  nearly  passed  for  interna- 
tional governmental  loans  and  it  will  take  time 
to  develop  in  this  country  a  market  for  for- 
eign securities.  Anything,  therefore,  which 
would  tend  to  prevent  foreign  countries  from 
settling  for  our  expo:ts  ty  shipments  of  goods 
into  this  country  could  only  have  the  effect  of 
preventing  them  from  paying  for  our  exports 
and  therefore  of  preventing  the  exports  from 
being  made. 

"The  productivity  of  the  country,  greatly 
stimulated  by  the  war,  must  find  an  outlet  by 
exports  to  foreign  countries  and  any  measures 
taken  to  prevent  imports  will  inevitably  cur- 
tail exports,  force  curtailment  of  production, 
load  the  banking  machinery  of  the  country 
with  credits  to  carry  unsold  products  and 
produce  industrial  stagnation  and  unemploy- 
ment. 

"If  we  want  to  sell  we  must  be  prepared  to 
buy.  Whatever,  therefore,  may  have  been  our 
views  during  the  period  of  growth  of  Amer- 
ican business  concerning  tariff  legislation,  we 
must  now  adjust  our  own  economic  life  to  a 
changed  condition  growing  out  of  the  fact  that 
American  business  is  full  grown  and  that 
America  is  the  greatest  capitalist  in  the  world. 

"No  policy  of  isolation  will  satisfy  the  grow- 
ing- needs  and  opportunities  of  America.  The 
provincial  standards  and  policies  of  the  past. 


738 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


which  have  held  American  business  as  if  in  a 
strait -jacket,  must  yield  and  give  way  to  the 
needs  and  exigencies  of  the  new  day  in  which 
we  live,  a  day  full  of  hope  and  promise  for 
American  business,  if  we  will  but  take  advan- 
tage of  the  opportunities  that  are  ours  for  the 

aS"The'  recent  war  has  ended  our  isolation  and 
thrown  upon  us  a  great  duty  and  responsi- 
bility. The  United  States. must  share  the  ex- 
panding world  market.  The  United  States  de- 
sires for  itself  only  equal  opportunity  with 
the  other  nations  of  the  world,  and  that 
through  the  process  of  friendly  co-operation 
and  fair  competition  the  legitimate  interests  of 
the  nations  concerned  may  be  successfully  and 
equitably  adjusted. 

"There  are  other  matters  of  importance,  upon 
which  I  urged  action  at  the  last  session  of 
congress  which  are  still  pressing-  for  solution. 
I  am  sure  it  is  not  necessary  for  me  again  to 
remind  you  that  there  is  one  immediate  and 
very  practicable  question  resulting  from  the 
war  which  we  should  meet  in  the  most  liberal 
spirit.  It  is  a  matter  of  recognition  and  relief 
to  our  soldiers.  I  can  do  no  better  than  to 
quote  from  my  last  message  urging  this  very 
action : 

AID  FOR  RETURNING  SOLDIERS. 
"  'We  must  see  to  it  that  our  returning  sol 
diers  are  assisted  in  every  practicable  way  to 
find  the  places  for  which  they  are  fitted  in 
the  daily  work  of  the  country.  This  can  be 
done  by  developing  and  maintaining  upon  an 
adequate  scale  the  admirable  organization  cre- 
ated by  the  department  of  labor  for  placing 
men  seeking  work;  and  it  can  also  be  done, 
i  at  least  one  very  great  field,  by  creating 
new  opportunities  for  individual  enterprise. 
new.The  secretary  of  the  interior  has  pointed 
out  the  way  by  which  returning  soldiers  may 
be  helped  to  find  and  take  up  land  in  the 
hitherto  undeveloped  regions  of  the  country 
which  the  federal  government  has  already  pre- 
pared or  can  readily  prepare  for  cultivation 
and  also  on  many  of  the  cut-over  or  neglected 
areas  which  lie  within  the  limits ;  of  the  older 
states:  and  I  once  more  take  the  liberty  of 
recommending  very  urgently  that  his  plans 
shall  receive  the  immediate  and  substantial 
support  of  the  congress.' 

"In  the  matter  of  tariff  legislation  I  beg  to 
oall  your  attention  to  the  statements  contained 
in  my  last  message  urging  legislation  with  ref- 
erence to  the  establishment  of  the  chemica- 
and  dyestuffs  industry  in  America: 

"  'Among  the  industries  to  which  special  con- 
sideration should  be  given  is  that  of  the  man- 
ufacture of  dyestuffs  and  related  chemicals. 
Our  complete  dependence  upon  German  sup- 
plies before  the  war  made  the  interruption  of 
trade  a  cause  of  exceptional  economic  disturb- 
ance. The  close  relation  between  the  mHnu: 
facture  of  dyestuffs,  on  the  one  hand,  anfl  '01 
explosives  and  poisonous  gases,  on  the  other, 
moveover.  has  given  the  industry  an  excep- 
tional significance  .and  value 

"  'Although  the  United  States  will  gladly 
and  unhesitatingly  join  in  the  program  of  in- 
ternational disarmament,  it  will,  nevertheless, 
be  a  policy  of  obvious  prudence  to  make  cer- 
tain of  the  successful  maintenance  of  many 
strong  and  well  equipped  chemical  plants.  The 
German  chemical  industry,  with  which  we  will 
be  brought  into  competition,  was  and  may 
well  be  again  a  thoroughly  knit  monopoly 
capable  of  exercising  a  competitipn  of  a  pecul- 
iarly insidious  and  dangerous  kind. 

"During  the  war  the  farmer  performed  a 
vital  and  willing  service  to  the  nation  By 
materially  increasing  the  production  of  his 
land,  he  supplied  America  and  the  allies  with 
the  increased  amounts  of  food  necessary  to 
keep  their  immense  armies  in  the  field.  He 


indispensably  helped  to  win  the  war.  But 
there  is  now  scarcely  less  need  of  increasing 
the  production  in  food  and  the  necessaries  of 
life.  I  ask  the  congress  to  consider  means  of 
encouraging  effort  along  these  lines. 

"The  importance  of  doing  everything  possi- 
ble to  promote  production  along  economical 
lines,  to  improve  marketing,  and  to  make  rural 
life  more  attractive  and  healthful,  is  obvious. 
I  would  urge  approval  of  the  plans  already 
proposed  to  the  congress  by  the  secretary  of 
agriculture,  to  secure  the  essential  facts  re- 
quired for  the  proper  study  of  this  question, 
through  the  proposed  enlarged  programs  for 
farm  management  studies  and  crop  estimates. 
NEED  OF  GOOD  ROADS. 

"I  would  urge,  also,  the  continuance  of  fed- 
eral participation  in  the  building  of  good 
roads,  under  the  terms  of  existing  law  and 
under  the  direction  of  present  agencies:  the 
need  of  further  action  on  the  part  of  the 
states  ana  the  federal  government  to  preserve 
and  develop  our  forest  resources,  especially 
through  the  practice  of  better  forestry  meth- 
ods on  private  holdings  and  the  extension  of 
the  publicly  owned  forests;  better  support  for 
country  schools  and  the  more  definite  direction 
of  their  courses  of  study  along  lines  related  to 
rural  problems:  and  fuller  provision  for  san- 
itation in  rural  districts  and  the  building  up 
of  needed  hospital  and  medical  facilities  in 
these  localities. 

"Perhaps  the  way  might  be  cleared  for  many 
of  these  desirable  reforms  by  a  fresh,  compre- 
hensive survey  made  of  rural  conditions  by  a 
conference  composed  of  representatives  of  the 
farmers  and  of  the  agricultural  agencies  re- 
sponsible for  leadership. 

POLITICAL   UNREST. 

"I  would  call  your  attention  to  the  wide- 
spread condition  of  political  restlessness  in  our 
body  politic.  The  causes  of  this  unrest,  while 
various  and  complicated,  are  superficial  rather 
than  deep  seated.  Broadly,  they  arise  from  or 
are  connects*  with  the  failure  on  the  part  of 


:t<tf 
nme 


our  government  to  arrive  speedily  at  a  just 
and  permanent  peace  permitting  return  to  nor- 
mal conditions,  from  the  transfusion  of  radical 
theories  from  seething  European  centers  pend- 
ing such  delay,  from  heartless  profiteering  re- 
sulting in  the  increase  of  the  cost  of  living, 
and,  lastly,  from  the  machinations  of  passion- 
ate and  malevolent  agitators.  With  the  return 
to  normal  conditions,  this  unrest  will  rapidly 
disappear.  In  the  meantime  it  does  much  evil. 

"It  seems  to  me  that  in  dealing  with  this 
situation  congress  should  not  be  impatient  or 
drastic,  but  should  seek,  rather,  to  remove  the 
causes.  It  should  endeavor  to  bring  our  coun- 
try back  speedily  to  a  peace  basis,  with 
ameliorated  living  conditions  under  the  mini- 
mum of  restrictions  upon  personal  liberty  that 
is  consistent  with  our  reconstruction  problems. 
And  it  should  arm  the  federal  government 
with  power  to  deal  in  its  criminal  courts  with 
those  persons  who  by  violent  methods  would 
abrogate  our  time  tested  institutions. 

"With  the  free  expression  of  opinion  and 
with  the  advocacy  of  orderly  political  change, 
tiowever  fundamental,  there  must  be  no  in- 
terference, but  toward  passion  and  maleyo- 
ence  tending  to  incite  crime  and  insurrection 
under  guise  of  political  evolution  there  should 
be  no  leniency.  Legislation  to  this  end  has 
been  recommended  by  the  attorney-general  and 
should  be  enacted.  In  this  direct  connection  I 
would  call  your  attention  to  my  recommenda- 
ions  on  Aug.  8.  pointing  out  legislative  meas- 
ures which  would  be  effective  in  controlling 
and  bringing  down  the  present  C9st  of  living, 
which  contributes  so  largely  to  this  unrest. 

"On  only  one  of  these  recommendations  has 
he  congress  acted.  If  the  government's  cam- 
paign is  to  be  effective  it  is  necessary  that  the 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    19^0. 


other   steps   suggested   should  be   acted   on   at 
once. 

SHOULD  EXTEND  FOOD  CONTROL. 
"I  renew  and  strongly  urgre  the  necessity  of 
the  extension  of  the  present  food  control  act 
as  to  the  period  of  time  in  which  it  shall  re- 
main in  operation.  The  attorney-general  has 
submitted  a  bill  providing:  for  an  extension  of 
this  act  for  a  period  of  six  months.  As  it  now 
stands  it  is  limited  in  operation  to  the  period 
of  the  war  and  becomes  inoperative  upon  the 
formal  proclamation  of  peace.  It  is  imperative 
that  it  should  be  extended  at  once.  The  de- 
partment of  justice  has  built  up  extensive  ma- 
chinery for  the  purpose  of  enforcing-  its  provi- 
sions, all  of  which  must  be  abandoned  upon 
the  conclusion  of  peace  unless  the  provisions 
of  this  act  are  extended. 

"During-   this   period   the  congress  will   have 
.  an    opportunity    to    make    similar    permanen 
provisions  and   regulations   with  reg-ard   to   al 
g-oods  destined  for  interstate  commerce  and  t 
exclude  them  from  interstate  shipment  if  the 
requirements  of  the  law  are  not  complied  with 
Some    such    reg-ulation    is    imperatively    neces 
sary.    The   abuses  that  have  grown  up  in  the 
manipulation   of  prices  by  the  withholding 
foodstuffs  and  other  necessaries  of  life  cannot 
otherwise  be  effectively  prevented.    There  can 
be  no  doubt  of  either  the  necessity  or  the  le 
gitimacy  of  such  measures. 

"As  I  pointed  out  in  my  last  message,  pub- 
licity can  accomplish  a  great  deal  in  this  cam- 
paign. The  aims  of  the  government  must  be 
clearly  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  con- 
suming public,  civic  organizations  and  state 
officials  who  are  in  a  position  to  lend  their 
assistance  to  our  efforts.  You  have  made 
available  funds  with  which  to  carry  on  this 
campaign,  but  there  is  no  provision  in  the  law 
authorizing  their  expenditure  for  the  purpose 
of  making  the  public  fully  informed  about 
the  efforts  of  the  government.  Specific  recom- 
mendation has  been  made  by  the  attorney-gen 
eral  in  this  regard.  I  would  strongly  urge 
upon  you  its  immediate  adoption,  as  it  con- 
stitutes one  of  the  preliminary  steps  to  this 
campaign. 

.  COLD  STORAGE  LAW  URGED. 

"I  also  renew  my  recommendation  that  the 
congress  pass  a  law  regulating  cold  storage  as 
it  is  regulated,  for  example,  by  the  laws  of 
the  state  of  New  Jersey,  which  limit  the  time 
during  which  goods  may  be  kept  in  storage, 
prescribe  the  method  of  disposing  of  them  if 
kept  beyond  the  permitted  period  and  require 
that  goods  released  from  storage  shall  in  all 
cases  bear  the  date  of  their  receipt.  It  would 
materially  add  to  the  serviceability  of  the  law, 
for  the  purpose  we  now  have  in  view,  if  it 
were  also  prescribed  that  all  goods  released 
from  storage  for  interstate  shipment  should 
have  plainly  marked  upon  each  package  the 
selling  or  market  price  at  which  they  went 
into  storage.  By  this  means  the  purchaser 
would  always  be  able  to  learn  what  profits 
stood  between  him  and  the  producer  or  the 
wholesale  dealer. 

"I  would  also  renew  my  recommendation 
that  all  goods  destined  for  interstate  commerce 
should  in  every  case  where  their  form  or  pack- 
age makes  it  possible  be  plainly  marked  with 
the  price  at  which  they  left  the  hands  of  the 
producer. 

"We  should  formulate  a  law  requiring  a  fed- 
eral license  of  all  corporations  engaged  in  in- 
terstate commerce  and  embodying  in  the  li- 
cense or  in  the  conditions  under  which  it  is 
to  be  issued  specific  regulations  designed  to 
secure  competitive  selling  and  prevent  uncon- 
scionable profits  in  the  method  of  marketing. 
Such  a  law  would  afford  a  welcome  oppor- 
tunity to  effect  other  much  needed  reforms  in 
the  business  of  interstate  shipment  and  in  the 


739 


method  of  corporations  which  are  engaged  in 
it:  but  for  the  moment  I  confine  my  recom- 
mendations to  the  object  immediately  in  hand, 
which  is  to  lower  the  cost  of  living. 

LABOR  AND  CAPITAL. 

"No  one  who  has  observed  the  march  of 
events  in  the  last  year  can  fail  to  note  the 
absolute  need  of  a  definite  program  to  bring 
about  an  improvement  in  the  conditions  of  la- 
bor. There  can  be  no  settled  conditions  lead- 
ing to  increased  pioduction  and  a  reduction  in 
the  cost  of  living  if  labor  and  capital  are  to 
be  antagonists  instead  of  partners. 

"Sound  thinking  and  an  honest  desire  to 
serve  the  interests  of  the  whole  nation,  as 
distinguished  from  the  interests  of  a  class, 
must  be  applied  to  the  solution  of  this  great 
and  pressing  problem.  The  failure  of  other 
nations  to  consider  this  matter  in  a  vigorous 
way  has  produced  bitterness  'and  jealousies 
and  antagonisms,  the  food  of  radicalism.  The 
only  way  to  keep  men  from  agitating  against 
grievances  is  to  remove  the  grievances.  An 
unwillingness  even  to  discuss  these  matters 
produces  only  dissatisfaction  and  gives  com- 
fort to  the  extreme  elements  in  our  country, 
which  endeavor  to  stir  up  disturbances  in  or- 
der to  provoke  governments  to  embark  upon 
a  course  of  retaliation  and  repression.  The 
seed  of  revolution  is  repression. 

"The  remedy  for  these  things  must  not  be 
negative  in  character.  It  must  be  constructive. 
It  must  comprehend  the  general  interest.  The 
real  antidote  for  the  unrest  which  manifests 
itself  is  not  suppression  but  a  deep  considera- 
tion of  the  wrongs  that  beset  our  national  life 
and  the  application  of  a  remedy. 

"Congress  has  already  shown  its  willingness 
to  deal  with  these  industrial  wrongs  by  estab- 
lishing the  eight  hour  day  as  the  standard  in 
every  field  of  labor.  It  has  sought  to  find  a 
way  to  prevent  child  labor.  It  has  served  the 
whole  country  by  leading  the  way  in  develop- 
ing the  means  of  preserving  and  safeguard! 
lives  and  health  in  dangerous  industries, 
must  now  help  in  the  difficult  task  of  finding 
a  method  that  will  bring  about  a  genuine  de- 
mocratization of  industry,  based  upon  the  full 
recognition  of  the  right  of  those  who  work,  in 
whatever  rank,  to  participate  in  some  organic 
way  in  every  decision  which  directly  affects 
their  welfare. 

"It  is  with  this  purpose  in  mind  that  I 
called  a  conference  to  meet  in  Washington  on 
Dec.  1,  to  consider  these  problems  in  all  their 
broad  aspects,  with  the  idea  of  bringing  about 
a  better  understanding  between  these  two  in- 
terests. 

"The  great  unrest  throughout  the  world,  out 
of  which  has  emerged  a  demand  for  an  imme- 
diate consideration  9f  the  difficulties  between 
capital  and  labor,  bids  us  put  our  own  house 
in  order.  Frankly,  there  can  be  no  permanent 
and  lasting  settlements  between  capital  and 
labor  which  do  not  recognize  the  fundamental 
concepts  for  which  labor  has  been  struggling 
through  the  years.  The  whole  world  gave  its 
recognition  and  indorsement  to  these  funda- 
mental purposes  in  the  league  of  nations. 

"The  statesmen  gathered  at  Versailles  recog- 
nized the  fact  that  world  stability  could  not 
be  had  by  reverting  to  industrial  standards 
and  conditions  against  which  the  average 
workman  of  the  world  had  revolted.  It  is. 
therefore,  the  task  of  the  statesmen  of  this! 
new  day  of  change  and  readjustment  to  rec- 
ognize world  conditions  and  to  seek  to  bring 
about,  through  legislation,  conditions  that  will 
mean  the  ending  of  age-long  antagonisms  be- 
;ween  capital  and  labor  and  that  will  hope- 
ully  lead  to  the  building  up  of  a  comradeship 
which  will  result  not  only  in  greater  content- 
nent  among  the  mass  of  workmen  but  also 
bring  about  a  greater  production  and  a  greater 
prosperity  to  business  itself. 


ng: 
It 


740 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


"To  analyze  the  particulars  in  the  demands 
of  labor  is  to  admit  the  justice  of  their  com- 
plaint in  many  matters  that  lie  at  their  basis. 
The  workman  demands  an  adequate  wag-e,  suf- 
ficient to  permit  him  to  live  in  comfort,  un- 
hampered by  the  fear  of  poverty  and  want  in 
his  old  agre.  He  demands  the  right  to  live  and 
the  rigrht  to  work  amidst  sanitary  surround- 
ing's, both  in  home  and  in  workshop,  sur- 
roundings that  develop  and  do  not  retard  his 
own  health  and  well-being:  and  the  right  to 
provide  for  his  children's  wants  in  the  mott?r 
of  health  and  education.  In  o  her  words,  it  is 
his  desire  to  make  the  conditions  of  his  life 
and  the  lives  of  those  dear  to  him  tolerable 
and  easy  to  bear. 

WAY  TO  INDUSTRIAL  PEACE. 
"The  establishment  of  the  principles  regard- 
ing- labor  laid  down  in  the  covenant  of  the 
league  of  nations  offers  us  the  way  to  indus- 
trial peace  and  conciliation.  No  other  rose 
lies  open  to  us.  Not  to  pursue  this  one  is 
longer  to  invite  enmities,  bitterness  and  antag- 
onisms which  in  the  end  only  lead  to  indus- 
trial and  social  disaster.  The  unwilling  work- 
man is  not  a  profitable  servant.  An  employe 
whose  industrial  life  is  hedged  about  by  hard 
and  unjust  conditions,  which  he  did  not  create 
and  over  which  he  has  no  control,  lacks  that 
fine  spirit  of  enthusiasm  snd  volunteer  effort 
which  are  the  necessary  ingredients  of  a  great 
producing  entity. 

"Let  us  be  frank  about  this  solemn  matter, 
The  evidences  of  worldwide  unrest  which  man- 
ifest themselves  in  violence  throughout  the 
world  bid  us  pause  and  consider  the  means  to 
be  found  to  stop  the  spread  of  this  contagious 
thing  before  it  saps  the  very  vitality  of  the 
nation  itself.  Do  we  gain  strength  by  with- 
holding the  remedy?  Is  it  not  the  business 
of  statesmen  to  treat  these  manifestations  of 
unrest  which  meet  us  on  every  hand  as  evi- 
dences of  an  economic  disorder  and  to  apply 
constructive  remedies  wherever  necessary,  be- 
ing1 sure  that  in  the  application  of  the  remedy 
we  touch  not  the  vital  tissues  of  our  indus- 
trial and  economic  life? 

"There  can  be  no  recession  of  the  tide  of 
unrest  until  constructive  instrumentalities  are 
set  up  to  stem  that  tide. 

COLLECTIVE  BARGAINING. 
"Governments  must  recognize  the  right  of 
men  collectively  to  bargain  for  humane  ob- 
jects that  have  at  their  base  the  mutual  pro- 
tection and  welfare  of  those  engaged  in  all  in- 
dustries. Labor  must  not  be  longer  treated 
as  a  commodity.  It  must  be  regarded  as  the 
activity  of  human  -beings  possessed  of  deep 
yearnings  and  desires.  The  business  man  gives 
his  best  thought  to  the  repair  and  replenish- 
ment of  his  machinery,  so  that  its  usefulness 
will  not  be  impaired  and  its  power  to  produce 
may  always  be  at  its  height  and  kept  in  full 
vigor  and  motion. 

"No  less  regard  ought  to  be  paid  to  the 
human  machine,  which,  after  all.  propels  the 
machinery  of  the  world  and  is  the  great  dy- 
namic force  th:-t  lies  back  of  all  industry  and 
progress.  Return  to  the  old  standards  of  wage 
and  industry  in  employment  is  unthinkable. 
The  terrible  tragedy  of  war  which  has  just 
ended  and  which  has  brought  the  world  to  the 
verge  of  chaos  and  disaster  would  be  in  vin 
if  there  should  ensue  a  return  to  the  condi- 
tions of  the  past. 

"Europe  itself,  whence  has  come  the  unrest 
which  now  holds  the  wo-ld  at  bay.  is  an  ex- 
ample of  standnatism  in  th^se  vital  human 
matters  which  America  might  wll  accept  as 
an  example  not  to  be  followed  but  studiously 
to  be  avoided.  Europe  made  labor  thQ  differ- 
ential and  the  price  of  it  all  is  enmity  and 
antagonism  and  prostrated  industry.  The  righ' 
of  labor  to  live  in  peace  and  comfort  must  be 


recognized  by  governments  and  America  should 
be  the  first  to  lay  the  foundation  stones  upon 
which  industrial  peace  shall  be  built. 

"Labor  not  only  is  entitled  to  an  adequate 
wage,  but  capital  should  receive  a  reasonable 
return  upon  its  investment  and  is  entitled  to 
protection  at  the  hands  of  the  government  in 
every  emergency.  No  government  worthy  of 
the  name  can  play  these  elements  against  each 
other,  for  there  is  a  mutuality  of  interest  be- 
tween them  which  the  government  must  seek 
to  express  and  to  safeguard  at  all  cost. 

"The  right  of  individuals  to  strike  is  invio- 
late and  ought  not  to  be  interfered  with  by 
any  process  of  government,  but  there  is  a  pre- 
dominant right  and  that  is  the  right  of  the 
government  to  p:otect  all  of  its  people  and 
to  assert  its  power  and  majesty  against  the 
challenge  of  any  class.  The  government,  when 
it  asserts  that  right,  seeks  not  to  antagonize 
a  clnss  but  simply  to  defend  the  right  of  the' 
whole  people  as  against  th?  irreparable  harm 
and  injury  that  might  be  done  by  the  attempt 
by  any  class  to  usurp  a  power  that  only  gov- 
ernment itself  has  a  right  to  exercise  as  a 
protection  to  all. 

"In  the  matter  of  international  disputes 
which  have  led  to  war.  statesmen  have  sought 
to  set  up  as  a  remedy  arbitration  for  war.  Does 
this  not  point  the  way  for  the,  s^'tlem^nt  of 
industrial  disputes,  by  the  establishment  of  a 
tribunal,  fair  and  just  alike  to  all.  which  will 
settle  industrial  disputes  which  in  the  past 
have  led  to  war  and  disaster? 

"America,  witnessing  the  evil  consequences 
which  have  followed  out  of  euch  disputes  be- 
tween the  contending  forces,  must  not  admit 
itself  impotent  to  deal  with  these  matters  by 
means  of  peaceful  processes.  Surely  there 
must  be  some  method  of  bringing  together  in 
a  council  of  peace  and  amity  these  two  great 
interests,  out  of  which  will  come  a  happier 
day  of  peace  and  co-operation,  a  day  that  will 
make  for  more  comfort  and  happiness  in  liv- 
ing and  a  more  tolerable  condition  among  all 
classes  of  men.  Certainly  human  intelligence 
can  devise  some  acceptable  tribunal  for  ad- 
justing- the  differences  between  capital  and 
labor. 

HOUR  OF  TEST  AND  TRIAL. 

"This  is  the  hour  of  test  and  trial  for  Amer- 
ica. By  her  prowess  and  strength  and  the 
indomitable  courage  of  her  soldiers,  she  dem- 
onstrated her  power  to  vindicate  on  foreign 
battlefields  her  conception  of  liberty  and  jus- 
tice. Let  not  her  influence  as  a  mediator  be- 
tween capital  and  labor  bs  weakened  -and  her 
own  failure  to  settle  matters  of  purely  domes- 
tic concern  be  proclaimed  to  the  world. 

"There  are  those  in  this  country  who 
three  ten  direct  action  to  fore?  their  will  upon 
a  majority.  Russia  to-day,  with  its  blood  and 
terror,  is  a  painful  object  lesson  of  the  power 
of  minorities.  It  makes  little  difference  what 
minority  it  is:  whether  capital  or  labor,  or 
any  other  class:  no  sort  of  privilege  will  ever 
be  permitted  to  dominate  this  country.  We 
are  a  partnership  or  nothing  that  is  worth 
while. 

"We  are  a  democracy,  where  the  majority  are 
the  masters,  or  all  the  hopes  and  purposes 
of  the  men  who  founded  this  government  have 
b*en  defeated  arid  forgotten.  In  America  there 
is  but  one  way  by  which  great  reforms  can  be 
accomplished  and  the  relief  sought  by  classes 
obtained,  and  that  is  through  the  orderly  proc- 
esses of  representative  government.  Those 
who  would  propos"  any  other  method  of  re- 
form are  enemies  of  this  country. 

"America  will  not  be  daunted  by  threats  nor 
OSQ  her  comnosn^  or  calmness  in  these  dis- 
tressing times.  We  can  afford.  In  the  midst 
of  this  day  of  passion  and  unrest,  to  be  self- 
contained  and  sure.  The  instrument  of  all  re- 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


741 


form  in  America  is  the  straight  road  of  justice 
to  all  classes  and  conditions  of  men  Men 
have  but  to  follow  this  road  to  realize  the  full 
fruition  of  their  objects  and  purposes.  Let 


those  beware  who  would  take  the  shorter  road 
of  disorder  and  revolution.  The  right  road  is 
the  road  of  justice  and  orderly  process. 

"WOODROW   WILSON." 


ANARCHISTIC   BOMB  PLOTS  IN  THE   UNITED   STATES. 


In  the  latter  part  of  April,  1919,  some 
thirty-six  dynamite  bombs  were  mailed  in 
New  York  city  to  as  many  diiierem  persons 
in  various  parts  of  the  United  States.  Six 
of  them  reacned  tneir  destinations,  the  re- 
mainuer  being-  discoveied  and  held  in  the 
New  York  city  postotfice  and  in  postoffices 
on  the  Pacific  coast.  It  was  cieariy  the 
intention  of  the  sender  or  senders  to  cause 
death  or  injury  to  persons  who  had  made 
themselves  obnoxious  to  the  Industrial  Work- 
era  of  the  World  and  organizations  of 
communists  and  anarchists.  However,  only 
two  persons,  the  wife  of  ex-Senator  Thomas 
W.  Hardwick  of  Georgia  and  her  maid,  were 
injured.  Among-  the  persons  to  whom  bombs 
were  delivered  or  addressed  were  the  following- : 

Judge  Kenesaw  M.  Landis,  Chicago;  Dis- 
trict Attorney  Charles  M.  Fickert  and  his  as- 
sistant. Edward  Cuchna.  San  Francisco:  Jus- 
tice Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Attorney-General 
A.  Mitchell  Palmer.  Immigration  Commis- 
sioner Anthony  Caminetti,  Secretary  of  La- 
bor William  B.  Wilson  and  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral A.  S.  Burleson,  Washington,  D.  C.;  Mayor 
Ole  Hanson,  Seattle,  Wash.;  Mayor  John  F. 
Hylan  of  New  York  city  and  Gov.  William 
JC.  Sproul  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  bombs  were  timed  to  explode  either 
just  before  or  on  May  1  and  create  a  reign 
of  terror. 

Late  on  the  evening  of  June  2,  1919, 
bombs  were  exploded  simultaneously  in 
widely  separated  sections  of  the  country  for 
the  purpose  of  killing  law  enforcement  offi- 


cials. In  Washington,  D.  C..  the  house  occu- 
pied by  A.  Mitchell  Palmer,  attorney-general 
of  the  United  States,  was  partly  wrecked.  The 
bomb  thrower  himself  was  killed  and  possi- 
biy  an  accomplice,  the  remains  being  so 
thoroughly  shattered  by  the  explosion  that 
the  police  could  not  tell  whether  they  belonged 
to  one  or  two  persons.  In  New  York  city 
an  attempt  to  blow  up  the  home  of  Judge 
Charles  C.  Nott,  Jr..  of  the  Court  of  General 
Sessions  resulted  in  the  death  of  at  least  one 
person  and  possibly  of  three.  Other  explosions 
occurred  in  Boston,  Cleveland.  Pittsburgh. 
Philadelphia,  Paterson,  N.  J.,  and  Newvon- 
ville,  MabS.  The  persons  aimed  at  escaped  in- 
jury in  all  cases.  In  front  of  Attorney-General 
Palmer's  residence  were  found  leaflets  signed 
by  "The  Anarchistic  Fighters,"  which  advo- 
cated social  revolution.  The  circulars  were 
printed  in  Chicago  and  in  October  a  number 
of  "reds"  were  arrested  in  Gary,  Ind..  who 
were  thought  to  have  been  implicated  in  the 
bomb  plot.  Arrests  were  also  made  in  Cleve- 
land. O. 

Early  in  November,  1919,  the  federal  au- 
thorities in  Washington  claimed  to  have  dis- 
covered plans  by  the  "Union  of  Russian 
Workers"  to  overthrow  the  government  by 
means  of  a  general  strike  and  violence  of  all 
kinds.  Between  500  and  600  arrests  of  al- 
leged "reds"  were  made  in  the  Chicago  and 
New  York  areas  and  elsewhere  and  it  was  an- 
nounced that  many  of  the  persons  in  custody 
would  be  deported. 


LIQUORS  AND  SPIRITS  PRODUCED  IN  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


Barrels. 

Fermented  liquor..  50,266,216 
Disiiiled  spirits.  Gallons 

Whisky    17,383,511 

Rum  1,526,743 

Gin    4.178,538 

High   wines 23.818 

Alcohol    125,134,648 

Commercial  alcohol  25,229,215 
Fruit  brandy 5,357.325 


Total   178,833,799 

BY   STATES. 

State.  Spirit,  gallons. 

Cal.   and  Nevada. .   14,023.646 
Colorado  and  Wyo  26 

Connecticut  26,451 

Hawaii   3,935 

Illinois  40,680.080 

Indiana    15,830,930 

Kentucky    12,608,437 

La.   and  Miss 24,406,359 

Maryland    26,746.386 

Dist.  of  Columbia.         749,517 
Massachusetts 10,873,375 


Year  ended  June  30,   1918, 
State.                  Spirit,  gallons 

Michigan    752,745 

Missouri  70,527 

Mont.,  Idaho,  Utah  186,248 

New   Jersey 51 

New  York 10,544,901 

Ohio  3,314,103 

Pennsylvania    7,203,914 

Rhode   Island 2,845 

South  Carolina 943,568 

Texas    7,281 

Wisconsin    759,294 


Total  178.833,799 

State  Liquors,   barrels. 

Alaska   3,705 

California    1,489.880 


Colorado 

Connecticut     

Delaware    

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Florida    

Hawaii  

Illinois   

Indiana    


966 
883,898 
146.183 
47.527 
14.619 
22,563 
4,925.066 
933,232 


State  Liquors,   barrels. 

Kentucky   550,583 

La.  and  Miss 436,227 

Maine    1,803 

Maryland  1,041,513 

Massachusetts  ....  2,218,816 

Michigan  1.534,163 

Minnesota    .            ,  2.889.964 

Missouri    3,880,964 

Montana    271.836 

Nevada  14,676 

New  Hampshire...  166.115 

New  Jersey 2,927.442 

New  Mexico 6.225 

New   York 11,325,413 

Ohio     4,825.373 

Oklahoma    106 

Pennsylvania    ....  7,315,640 

Rhode  Island 669,255 

Texas    550,643 

Utah    24,156 

Virginia     299 

Wisconsin  3,935,672 

Wyoming    33,565 

Total 50,266,216 


AMERICAN   AND    EUROPEAN    ZOOLOGICAL    GARDENS. 


AMERICAN. 

Detroit — In  Belle  Isle  park. 
Chicago — In   Lincoln   park. 
Cincinnati— Zoological    park. 
Los   Angeles — In    Griffith's   park. 
Milwaukee — In   West  park. 
New  York— In   Bronx  park. 
New    York — In   Central   park. 
Philadelphia — Zoological  park. 


Pittsburgh— In   Sc-henley   park. 
San    Francisco — In    Golden    Gate 

park. 
Washington — National  Zoological 

park. 

EUROPEAN. 

Amsterdam — "Artis." 
Antwerp — Dierontuin. 
Berlin— Zoologischer  garten. 


Oologne — Zoologischer     garten. 
Copenhagen — Dyrehave. 
Dublin— Phoenix    park. 
ILiniburg— Hagenbeck  collection. 
Hamburg — Zoologischer  garten. 
Hanover— Zoologischer   garten. 
London— In   Regents  park. 
Manchester— Belle  Vue. 
Paris— Jardin  d'Acclimatation. 


742 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


UNITED    STATES    POSTAL    STATISTICS. 

RECEIPTS    AND    EXPENDITURES. 

Revenue.                 Expenditures.  Deficit. 

1850 $5.499.984.86  So. 212. 953.43  

860 8,518.067.40             19.170,609.89  $10.652.542.49 

1870 19.772.220.65             23.998.837.63  4,226.616.98 

1880 33.315.479.34             35,542.803.68  3,227.324.34 

1890.     60.882.097.92             66.259.547.84  5.377.449.92 

1900 102.354.579.29          107.740,267.99  5.385.688.70 

1910 224.128.657.62          229,977.224.50  5.881,481.95 

1911 237.879.823.60           237.648.926.68  219,118.13 

1912 246.744.015.88          248.525.450.08  1.785,523.10 

1913 266.619.525.65           262.067,540.33  *4.510, 650.91 

1914 , 287.934,565.67          283,558.102.62  '4.376.463.05 

M-g 287.248.165.27          298.546.026.42  11.333,308.97 

1916 312.057.689.00          306.204.033.00  *5, 853. 656.00 

1917 329.726.116.00          319.889.905.00  *9.836,211.00 

1918 388.975.962.24          324,833,728.47  64.142,233.77 

1919 436.239.126.20          362.497.635.69  73,741.490.51 

FINANCIAL  SUMMARY    (1918  AND  1919). 
Revenues. 

1918.  1919. 

Ordinary   postal   revenues    8381.125,450.94  $425,769.200.r9 

Revenues  from  money  order  business 6.588.609.98  8,530,512.0^ 

Revenues  from  postal  savings  business   1.261.901.32  1.939.413.35 

Total  revenues  from  all  sources   .- 388.975.962.24  *436,239. 126.20 

Expenditures. 

Expenditures  on  account   of  the  current  year '314.252.279.38  354.801.613.85 

Expenditures  on  account  of  previous  years   10.581.449.00  7.696.021.84 

Total    during    year    ..   324.833.728.47  362.497.635.69 

Excess  of  revenues  over  expenditures 64.142.233.77  73,734.851.96 

Amount  of  losses  by  fire,  burglary,  bad  debts,  etc 75.459.69 6.638.55 

Surplus    in   postal    revenues    64,126,774.08  *73/728,213.41 

Revenues  in   Detail. 

Postal  revenues:    Sales  of  stamps,  stamped  envelopes,  newspaper  wrappers  and 

postal   cards   $392.991.168.18 

Second  class  postage  (pound  rate)  paid  in  money 16.059.247.89 

Third  and  fourth  class  postage  paid  in  money 10.458,300.15 

Receipts  from  box  rents 5,>672. 849.37 

Letter   postage    paid   in    money 41.12 

Receipts  from   foreign   mail   transit   service 94.383.65 

Miscellaneous    receipts     206.198.94 

Fines     and     penalties 103,400.25 

Receipts   from   unclaimed  letters   

Total    postal    revenues 425.769.200.79 

Money  order  revenues:    Revenues  from  domestic  and  international  money  order 

business     7.486,663.29 

Revenues   from   invalid   money    orders 1.043.848.77 

Total  money   order  business 8.530.512.06 

Revenues  from  postal   savings  business 1.939,413.35 

Total  revenues  from   all   sources 436.239.126.20 

•Includes  $71.392.000  accrued  from  increased  postal  rates  first  class  as  war  revenue. 

A.  C.  TOWNLEY  AND  JOSEPH  GILBERT    CONVICTED. 


A.  C.  Townley.  president  of  the  National 
Nonpartisan  league,  and  Joseph  Gilbert,  for- 
mer organization  manager  of  the  same  asso- 
ciation, were  placed  on  trial  before  Judge  E. 
M.  Dean  at  Jackson,  Minn.  June  25,  1919,  on 
the  charge  of  conspiracy  to  teach  disloyalty  in 
violation  of  the  state  espionage  act.  On  July 
,12  the  jury  in  the  case  brought  in  a  verdict 
finding  both  gruilty.  Judge  Dean  granted  a 
stay  until  Sept.  12.  when  each  defendant  was 
sentenced  to  serve  ninety  days  in  the  county 
jail.  Another  stay  of  sixty  days  was  granted 


to    allow    the   convicted   men   to   move   for   a 
new  trial. 

Townley  and  Gilbert  were  tried  for  having 
made  speeches  and  distributed  literature  in 
Jackson  county  and  other  parts  of  Minnesota, 
both  before  and  after  the  United  States  en- 
tered the  war  against  Germany,  tending,  it  was 
alleged,  to  discourage  enlistments  and  co-ope- 
ration in  other  war  measures.  The  defense 
claimed  that  the  speeches,  which  were  made 
at  mass  meetings  in  Minnesota  early  in  1918, 
were  not  disloyal  in  their  references  to  the 
government  and  the  prosecution  of  the  war. 


STORM  AND   TIDAL   WAVE  AT   CORPUS  CHRISTI,  TEX. 


Heavy  loss  of  life  and  property  was  caused 
by  a  storm  and  tidal  wave  which  swept  over 
Corpus  Christi,  Tex.,  and  near  by  places  on 
Sunday,  Sept.  14,  1919.  The  exact  number 
of  persons  who  lost  their  lives  was  not  as- 
certained, but  it  was  believed  by  investigators 
that  it  was  approximately  500,  while  the 


property  loss  was  placed  at  $25.000.000. 
Corpus  Christi  alone  suffered  a  loss  of  $20.- 
000.000.  Deaths  were  reported  at  Corpus 
Christi,  Sinton,  Portland.  White  Point.  Rosita, 
Port  Aransas.  Aransas  Pass  and  Rockport.  all 
in  Texas. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


743 


UNITED   STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION. 


WALKER  D.    HINES   MADE  DIRECTOR- 

Walker  D.  Hines  was  appointed  director- 
general  of  railroads  by  President  Wilson  on 
Jan  10  1919,  to  succeed  William  G.  McAdoo, 
resigned.  The  former  secretary  of  the  treas- 
ury and  director-general  of  railroads,  who  was 
n  Los  Angeles,  Cal..  announced  the  appoint- 
ment of  Mr.  Hines  in  the  following  state- 
ment : 

"The  president  has  authorized  me  to  an- 
nounce the  appointment  of  Walker  D.  Hines 
as  director-general  of  railroads.  He  will  en- 
ter upon  his  duty  of  office  immediately.  Mr. 
Hines  has  been  my  assistant  at  Washington 
since  the  beginning  of  government  control,  and 
has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  organization  and 
administration  of  the  railroads  under  federal 
control  as  well  as  of  the  fundamental  prob- 
lem involved  in  the  railroad  situation.  His 
ability  and  experience  admirably  fit  him  for 
the  great  trust  and  responsibility  with  which 
the  president  has  honored  him.  Aside  from 
his  obvious  qualifications  Mr.  Hines  is  in 
full  sympathy  with  the  pplicies  which  have 
guided  the  railroad  administration  and  with 
the  views  of  the  president  on  the  railroad 
question.  I  am  sure  that  Mr.  Hines  will 
have  the  hearty  support  of  the  fine  army  of 
railroad  officers  and  employes,  and  I  can  ask 
nothing  better  for  him  than  that  they  shall 
give  him  and  the  country  the  same  loyal 
and  effective  service  they  rendered  during 
my  term  as  director-general." 

Mr.  Hines  issued  the  following-  statement 
to  the  public  on  the  same  day: 

"From  the  first  day  of  government  con- 
trol of  the  railroads  I  have  been  a  part  of 
Mr.  McAdoo's  administration,  and  it  will  be 
my  purpose  as  director-general  to  carry  for- 
ward the  policies  he  has  so  ably  put  into 
effect— fidelity  to  the  public  interest,  a  square 
deal  for  labor,  with  not  only  an  ungrudging 


but  a  sincere  and  cordial  recognition  of  its 
partnership  in  the  railroad  enterprise,  and 
fair  treatment  for  the  owners  of  railroad 
property  and  for  those  with  whom  the  rail- 
roads have  business  dealings. 

"Until  the  signing  of  the  armistice  the 
government's  first  railroad  duty  was  to  run 
the  railroads  to  win  the  war,  but  now  that  the 
war  is  won,  the  government's  railroad  job 
is  to  render  an  adequate  and  convenient  trans- 
portation service  at  reasonable  cost.  There 
can  be  no  greater  civil  triumph  in  time  of 
peace  than  the  performance  of  a  successful 
transportation  service  for  the  100,000.000 
consumers,  producers  and  travelers  in  this 
country.  To  participate  in  the  achievement 
of  this  great  object  I  invite  all  the  railroad 
officers  and  employes  with  whom  I  have  had 
the  great  privilege  of  co-operating  in  their 
splendid  war  work. 

"I  am  a  profound  believer  in  the  virtue  of 
mutual  understanding.  Most  disputes  come 
from  the  failure  to  understand  the  other  fel- 
low's legitimate  needs  and  his  legitimate  dif- 
ficulties. I  shall  do  my  best  to  understand 
the  points  of  view  of  all  the  interests  affected 
by  the  conduct  of  the  railroads  or  charged 
with  duties  on  the  subject,  and  I  shall  also 
try,  frankly  and  as  clearly  as  I  can,  to  get 
all  those  interests  to  understand  the  govern- 
ment's needs  and  the  government's  difficulties 
in  conducting  the  railroad  transportation  serv- 
ice. I  ask  of  all  that  they  will  meet  me  half 
way  in  this  great  work  of  trying  to  under- 
stand." 

REGIONAL    DIRECTORS. 

The  railroad  regional  directors  in  1919  were: 
R.  H.  Aishton,  Chicago.  111. 

B.  F.  Bush,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Hale  Holden.  Chicago,   111. 
N.  D.  Maher,  Roanoke.  Va. 

C.  H.  Markham.   Philadelphia.   Pa. 

A.  H.   Smith.   New   York.   N.  Y. 

B.  L.   Winchell,    Atlanta,   Ga. 


ARMIES  AND  NAVIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


[Data  from   Statesman' 
Naval   Annual    an 
ARMIES    (PEAC 
Country.             Men. 
Abyssinia    250.000 
Afghanistan    ..    60,000 
Argentine  Rep.   25.700 
Australia*    ....281,942 
Austria     
Belgium    200,000 
Bolivia    3,577 

s   Year-Book,   Brassey's 
d   other   sources.] 
E  STRENGTH). 
Country.             Men. 
Haiti    :.'.798 

Country.            Men. 
Siam    20,000 
Spain     229  051 

Country.            Men. 
Turkey     400  000 

United  States.  J270.  260 
Uruguay     15.000 
Venezuela    9,400 
E    the    line.     jOct.    28, 

FT  OF  ALL  KINDS). 
Country.             Ships. 
Mexico                          1° 

Sweden     86.479 
Switzerland    ..260,000 
*Militia.     tTroops    o 
1919. 
NAVIES    (WAR  CRA 
Country.             Ships. 
Argentine    Rep  37 
Australia     11 

Honduras    77.611 
Hungary     54.000 
Italy     600,000 
Japan     250,000 
Jugo   Slavia    

Mexico     180,000 
Montenegro     ..   30,000 
Morocco  18.000 
Nepal    30.000 

Netherlands     102 

Bx-azil                  120  000 

Bulgaria    59.900 
Canada*     73.900 
Chile           18  303 

Brazil     26 

Norway     .  .               67 

Chile    25 

Paraguay     3 

Netherlands    ..   22,955 
Nicaragua    ....      2.000 
Norwayt     110,000 

China                               6 

Peru                               13 

China     180,000 

Colombia                 ..      0 

Portugal    ...       29 

Colombia    6.000 
Costa    Rica....   52,208 
Cuba    2,900 

Costa   Rica    2 

Roumania     24 

Cuba                                 2 

Russia* 

Paraguay    2.600 
Persia                      2  000 

Denmark              ....   39 

Siam     .   21 

Czecho-Slovakia    
Denmark     13,720 
Ecuador     5.452 
Finland     30,000 
France    790.000 
Germany     300,000 
Great    Britain.  807,000 
Greece                   59  773 

Spain                              47 

Peru     11.000 
Poland    100000 

France*                       434 

Sweden      .                   67 

Germany*  

Turkey*     38 

Portugal    30,000 
Roumani;i    ....400,000 
Russia     

Great    Britain    ....881 
Greece     33 

United    Statesf..  .1,036 
Uruguay     2 
Venez  uela     7 

Haiti     3 

Salvador    16,144 
Santo  Domingo  

Hungary* 

*No    data    available. 
tOctober.    1919. 

Italy*     238 

Guatemala     ...   85.635 

Serbia 

.Tnnnn                                    9O8 

KENTUCKY   GUBERNATORIAL   ELECTION. 

In  the  Kentucky  state  election  Nov.  4.  1919,  I  ceived    254.290    votes    to    214,114    for    J.    D. 
B.    P.    Morrow,    republican,    for    governor    re-  |  Black,   democrat. 


744 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOKT  X*J^U. 


TAX-FREE     VS.    TAXABLE     BONDS.  \ 

[Compiled  and  Copyrighted  1919.  by  The  Bond  Buyer  of  New  York.] 

A  Tabulation  Comparing  Income  from  Tax-Free  and  Taxable  Securities  Under  Federal  Income 
Tax  Bates  Affecting   1919  Income. 


The  income  from  certain  United  States  gov- 
ernment and  all  municipal  bonds  is  exempt 
from  the  federal  income  tax.  Under  the  in- 
come tax  law  affecting  1919  income,  taxable 
bonds  are  subject  to  taxes  ranging  from  4% 
to  73%,  according  to  the  amount  of  income. 
This  table  has  been  compiled  to  show  the 
yield  which  taxable  bonds  must  return  to 
equal  the  return  from  tax-free  bonds  yielding 
from  3%%  to  7%.  Example:  Individual  with 
income  of  $50.000  purchases  a  taxable  bond 

Tot.'-l 

Tax.  3%%.    4%.     4%%.    4%%. 

.11%  $3.93  $4.49   $4.78   $5.06 

.14% 


to  yield  6.52%.  His  tax  on  1919  income  from 
this  bond  is  at  rate  of  31%  (normal  tax,  8%. 
plus  surtax  on  income  between  $48.000  and 
$50.000.  23%).  leaving  actual  income  of 
4%%.  Bates  of  interest  given  at  top  of  col- 
umns represent  yield  from  tax-free  bonds. 
The  equivalent  yields  from  taxable  bonds  are 
given  below  for  various  amounts  of  income. 
While  it  is  believed  that  the  figures  in  the 
table  are  correct,  their  accuracy  is  not  guar- 
anteed. 


Income. 
$10.000. 

15,000. 

20.000. 

25.000. 

30,000. 

35.000. 

40.000. 

45,000. 

50.000. 

60.000. 

70.000. 

80.000. 

90.000. 
100.000. 
150.000. 
200.000. 
300.000. 
500.000. 


.16% 
.19% 
.21% 
.24% 
.26% 
.29% 
.31% 
.36% 
.41% 
.46% 
.51% 
.56% 


4.07 
4.17 
4.32 
4.43 
4.61 
4.73 
4.93 
5.07 
5.47 
5.93 
6.48 
7.14 
7.95 


4.65 
4.76 
4.94 
5.06 
5.26 
5.41 
5.63 
5.80 
6.25 
6.78 
7.4/1 
8.16 
9.09 


4.94 
5.06 
5.25 
5.38 
5.59 
5.74 
5.99 
6.16 
6.64 
7.20 
7.87 
8.67 


5.23 
5.36 
5.56 
5.70 
5.92 
6.08 
6.34 
6.52 
7.03 
7.63 
8.33 
9.18 


5.52 
5.65 
5.86 
6.01 
6.25 
6.42 
6.69 
6.88 
7.42 
8.05 
8.80 


6%.     5%%.    5V&%.  5:?4%.     6%.     6M>%.     7%. 
$5.62   $5.90  $6.18   $6.46   $6.74   $7~.30    $7.87 


6.98 
7.14 
7.41 
7.59 
7.89 
8.11 
8.45 
8.70 


7.56 
7.74 
8.02 
8.23 
8.55 
8.78 
9.15 
9.42 


8.14 
8.33 
8.64 
8.86 
9.21 
9.46 
9.86 
10.14 


5.81 
5.95 
6.17 
6.33 
6.58 
6.76 
7.04 
7.25 
7.81 
8.47 
9.26 

9.69   10.20   10.71   11.22   11.73   12.24    13.27    14.29 
9.66   10.23   10.80   11.36   11.93   12.50   13.07   13.64   14.77    15.91 
8>5   10.66   30.63  11.25   11.88   12.50   13.13   13.75   34.38   15.00   16.25    17.50 
9.72   11.11   11.81   12.50   13.19   13.89   14.58   15.28   15.97   16.67   18.06    19.44 
68%   10  94   12.50   13.28   14.06   14.84   15.63   16.41    17.19   17.97   18.75   20.31    21.88 
.71%   12.07  113  79   14.66   15.52   16.38   17.24   18.10   18.97   19.83   20.69   22.41    24.14 
.72%   12.50   14.29   15.18   16.07   16.96   17.86   18.75   19.64  20.54   21.43   23.21    25.00 


6.10 
6.25 
6.48 
6.65 
6.91 
7.09 
7.39 
7. 61 
8.20 
8.90 


6.40 
6.55 
6.79 
6.96 
7.24 
7.43 
7.75 
7.97 
8.59 
9.32 


6.69 
6.85 
7.10 
7.28 
7.57 
7.77 
8.10 
8.33 
8.98 


9.38   10.16   10.94 


9.75   10.17   11.02    11.86 


9.72   10.19   10.65   11.11    12.04    12.96 


1.000.000. 

Over 
1.000.000. ...73%  12.96  14.81   15.74  16.67  17.59  18.52  19.44 


20.37  21.30  22.22  24.07    25.93 


THE    ASSOCIATED 

President— Frank  B.  Noyes.  Washington.  D.  C. 

First  Vice-President— A.  N.  McKay.  Salt  Like 
City.  Utah. 

Second  Vice-President— J.  L.  Sturtevant,  Wau- 
sau.  Wis. 

Secretary  and  General  Manager — Melville  E. 
Stone.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Assistant  General  Manager— Frederick  Boy  Mar- 
tin. New  York.  N.  Y. 

Treasurer— J.  B.  Youatt.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Directors  — B.  M.  Johnston.  Houston  Post: 
Victor  F.  Lawson.  The  Chicagp  Daily  News: 
Charles  A.  Book.  Pittsburgh  Dispatch:  Clark 
Howell.  Atlanta  Coascuuuon;  Elbcrt  H.  Ba- 
ker. Cleveland  Plain  Dealer;  Frank  B.  Noyes, 
Washing-ton  Star;  Adolph  S.  Ochs.  New 
York  Times;  W.  L.  McLean.  Philadelphia 
Bulletin;  V.  S.  McClatchy.  Sacramento  Bee; 
A.  C.  Weiss,  Duluth  Herald;  Charles  Hop- 
kins Clark.  Hartford  Courant;  W.  H.  Cowles, 
Spokane  Spokesman-Review;  D.  E.  Town. 
Louisville  (Ky.)  Herald;  John  B.  Rathom, 
Providence  (B.  I.)  Journal;  F.  P.  MacLen- 
nan,  Topeka  (Kas.)  State  Journal. 


PRESS     (1919-1920). 

Executive  Committee — Frank  B.  Noyes.  Wash- 
ington: Victor  F.  Lawson.  Chicago:  Charles 
A.  Rook.  Pittsburgh:  Charles  Hopkins  Clark. 
Hartford:  Adolph  S.  Ochs.  New  York:  W.  L. 
McLean.  Philadelphia;  John  R.  Bathom, 
Providence. 

AMERICAN    NEWSPAPER    PUBLISHERS' 
ASSOCIATION. 

President— Frank  P.  Glass.  Birmingham  (Ala.) 
News. 

Vice-President—George  McAneny.  New  York 
Times. 

Secretary— John  S.  Bryant.  Richmond  (Va.) 
News  Leader. 

Treasurer — Edward  P.  Call,  New  York  Jour- 
nal of  Commerce. 

Directors — Hilton  U.  Brown.  Indianapolis  News; 
Elbert  H.  Baker.  Cleveland  Plain  Dealer: 
Hopewell  Rogers.  The  Chicago  Daily  News: 
J.  F.  McKay,  Toronto  Globe:  C.  H.  Taylor. 
Jr..  Boston  Globe;  Harr>  Chandler.  Los  An- 
geles Times:  T.  R.  Williams.  Pittsburgh 
Press,  and  Daniel  D.  Moore.  New  Orleans 
Times-Picayune. 


UNITED  STATES  PASSPORT  REGULATIONS. 


Passports  are  issued  to  citizens  of  the 
United  States  upon  application  to  the  state 
department  in  Washington.  The  application 
must  be  accompanied  by  an  affidavit,  attested 
by  a  notary  public  or  other  officer  empowered 
to  administer  oaths,  stating  that  the  appli- 
cant is  a  citizen  and  giving  the  place  of  birth 
and  age.  and  it  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
certificate  of  one  other  citizen  to  whom  he 
is  personally  known  that  the  declaration  made 
by  the  applicant  is  true.  The  application  must 
also  be  accompanied  by  a  description  of  the 
person,  particularly  as  to  age.  height,  com- 
plexion, forehead,  eyes.  nose,  mouth,  chin, 
hair  and  face.  Blank  forms  are  furnished  by 
the  state  department  upon  application.  The 


fee  for  each  passport  is  $1.  Citizens  traveling 
abroad  may  also  in  some  cases  obtain  pass- 
ports by  applying  to  United  States  ambassa- 
dors and  ministers.  Where  any  person  has 
made  a  declaration  of  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  and  has  resided 
in  the  United  States  for  three  years  a  passport 
valid  for  six  months  may  be  issued  to  him. 

Owing  to  the  war  the  state  department  was 
obliged  in  June.  1917.  and  September.  1918. 
to  make  stricter  regulations  governing  the 
issue  of  passports.  Applicants  for  passports 
were  required  to  send  in  their  applications  so 
long  in  advance  as  to  permit  them  to  be  held 
in  the  department  one  week,  if  deemed  neces- 
sary, for  examination. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


745 


KING    ALBERT    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Albert,    king    of    the    Belgians,    Queen    Eliz- 
abeth   and    Crown    Prince    Leopold,    the    first 
reigning-    monarchs    to    set    foot    on    American 
soil,    arrived  in  New   York  city   Oct.   2,    1919, 
and    after    a    tour    of    the    country    extending: 
as   far  as  the  Pacific  coast  sailed  from  New 
port    News,    Va.,    on   Oct.    31.      The   illness   o 
President    Wilson    marred    the   visit    somewha 
and    prevented    carrying    out    in    full    the    pro 
gram    which    had    been    arrang-ed.       However 
the    welcome    of    King    Albert    was    cordial    a 
all    the    places    where    he    stopped.      On    hi 
arrival    in    New    York    city   he    was    welcome 
by    Vice-President    Marshall     and    other    rep 
resentatives    of    the    government. 

The  tour  of  the  royal  party  included 
trip  to  Boston  Oct.  5,  a  visit  to  Niagar 
Falls  Oct.  6 :  Moline.  111.,  and  Davenpprt,  Iowa 
Oct.  7;  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Oct 
8:  Spokane,  Wash.,  Portland,  Ore.,  and  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  Oct.  10  to  14;  Yosemit 
valley,  Oct.  15:  Los  Angeles,  Oct.  16;  th 
Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado.  Arizona,  Oct 
17-  AlbUQuerque,  N.  M..  Kansas  City,  Mo 
Omaha,  Neb.,  and  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  Oct.  1 
to  21;  Springfield,  111..  Cincinnati,  O..  Pitts 
burgh,  Pa.,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  and  Wash 
ington,  D.  C..  Oct.  21  to  Oct.  31. 

Though  King  Albert  was  officially  invited 
to  make  a  stop  in  Chicago  the  state  de 
partment  routed  him  around  and  not  through 
the  city  both  on  his  way  west  and  on  hir 
return  to  the  east. 

In  Springfield,  111.,  on  Oct.  21,  the  king 
laid  a  wreath  on  the  tomb  of  Lincoln.  At 
Oyster  Bay,  L.  I..  Oct.  26,  he  paid  a  similar 
honor  to  the  tomb  of  Roosevelt.  Before 
leaving  Washington  King  Albert  and  Queen 
Elizabeth  made  a  brief  visit  to  the  white 
house,  where  they  were  received  by  President 
Wilson  in  his  sick  room.  During  their  brief 
stay  in  the  capital  they  were  the  guests  of 
Vice-President  Marshall. 

One  of  the  notable  incidents  of  King  Al- 
bert's stay  in  Washington  was  his  appear- 
ance before  the  senate  and  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives in  the  capitol  on  Oct.  28.  He 
was  received  in  the  senate  in  the  presence 
of  the  chief  justice  and  associate  justices  of 
the  Supreme  court,  members  of  the  cab- 
inet and  the  senators.  King  Albert  and  the 
crown  prince  were  escorted  into  the  chamber 
by  a  committee  of  the  senate.  The  vis^ors 
were  seated  at  the  right  of  the  vice-president's 
chair.  President  Pro  Tempore  Albert  B. 
Cummins  delivered  an  eloquent  address,  con- 
cluding with  the  words: 

"Of  all  the  men  of  Europe.  Asia.  Africa 
or  the  seas  there  lives  no  man  more  hearti'y 
welcome  to  the  senate  of  the  United  States 
than  the  man  who  sits  at  my  side.  Sen- 
ators. I  present  to  you  our  friend,  our  rie- 
fender  and  our  ally.  Albert,  king-  of  the 
Belgians." 

In  response  King  A^ert.  who  was  received 
with  prolonged  applause,  said: 

"Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Sen- 
ate: It  is  indeed  a  great  honor  for  me  to  ad- 
dress this  illustrious  assembly. 


This  welcome  of  the  senate  seals  that  re- 
ception, so  warm  and  so  spontaneous,  which 
I  have  received  everywhere  during  my  jour- 
ney across  this  magnificent  country. 

'I  am  deeply  moved  by  the  expressions  of 
sympathy  that  the  name  of  Belgium  evokes 
from  this  noble  American  people. 

"Nothing  could  better  characterize  the  reign 
of  universal  democracy  than  that  friendship 
which  unites  the  great  republic,  with  its 
110,000,000  citizens,  and  the  realm  of  which 
I  am  the  constitutional  head,  with  its  seven 
million  and  a,  half  inhabitants. 

"If  there  is  not  equality  of  power  and 
riches  between  them,  there  is  equality  in  the 
love  of  liberty  and  in  aspiration  toward  social 
progress.  [Applause.] 

"On  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  the  same 
ideal  inspires  us.  The  exchange  of  ideas, 
the  commercial  relations,  the  visits  to  Bel- 
gium of  eminent  American  citizens,  of  whom 
many  sit  in  this  assembly,  are  so  many 
means  of  tightening  the  bonds  between  the 
two  nations. 

"I  hope  with  all  my  heart  that  these  rela- 
tions, which  go  back  as  far  as  memory, 
which  have  been  fortified  during  the  war  aa 
well  as  by  the  admirable  assistance  which 
you  rendered  Belgium  by  feeding  her  people 
and  by  the  fraternity  in  arms,  will  never 
oease  to  develop  for  the  great  good  of  our 
two  peoples." 

In  the  house  of  representatives  King  Albert 
was  welcomed  by  Speaker  Frederick  H.  Gil- 
lett,  who  said : 

"Your  Majesty.  Gentlemen  of  the  House 
of  Representatives:  This  is  the  first  time  that 
this  chamber  has  been  visited  by  a  reigning 
monarch,  and  I  am  sure  we  are  all  glad 
that  our  guest  is  the  one  to  establish  this 
new  precedent.  His  royalty  has  been  over- 
shadowed by  his  h^oism.  Every  nation  haa 
developed  its  hero  in  this  war;  indeed,  every 
natipn  has  developed  innumerable  heroes:  but 
think  there  is  universal  rgreement  that  there 
has  come  out  of  the  wr  one  surpassing  figure 
who  has  won  the  supreme  admiration  and 
ympathy  of  the  whole  world  by  his  heroic 
bearing-,  the  most  m-nly  of  kings  and  the 
most  kindly  of  men.  his  majesty  the  king1  of 
he  Belgians." 

Replying.    King   Albert    said: 
"Mr.    Speaker    and    Gentlemen:      I    am    pro- 
oumlly  grateful   to    the   speaker  of   the  house 
or   his  eloquent    words   of    welcome. 

"I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  bear  to  this 
hamber,  which  embodies  the  living  spirit  of 
he  American  peop'e.  the  greetings  of  Belgium. 
i  democratic  and  par'iamentarian  state, 
reated  by  the  vo'e  of  the  ponular  assembly 
f  1830,  which  proclaimed  the  independence 


"I  salute  not  only  the  eminent  men  who 
receive  me  here  to-day,  but  I  salute  the 
memory  of  your  great  predecessors  who.  dur- 
ing 130  years,  have  sat  in  this  place  and 
given  to  the  whole  world  the  example  of 
the  highest  civic  virtues. 

"From  th<>  bottom  of  my  heart  I  thank 
your  president  for  the  beautiful  and  far  too 
laudatory  v-or^s  that  he  has  addressed  to 
me.  It  has  been  a  great  pleasure  for  us  to 
be  in  America,  and  our  one  resrret  is,  and  it 
is  a  deep  regret,  that  your  illustrious  pres- 
ident is  ill.  We  express  the  earnest  wish 
that  he  may  soon  be  restored  to  full  health 
*nd  vieor. 


f  our  provinces. 

"It    is    a    pleasure    to    recall    that    many    of 

le  provisions  of  our  constitution  were  taken 

rom  your  fundamental  law,  so  that  at  the 
outset  of  her  career  Belgium  was  indebted  to 
you. 

"Our  two  peoples  have  fought  and  tri- 
umphed together.  The  intervention  of  the 
American  army  was  the  decisive  factor  in  de- 
termining- the  victory. 

"I  pay  my  resnectful  and  sincere  homage 
to  the  officers,  the  soldiers  and  sailors  who 
fell  for  a  great  cause  on  the  battle  fields 
of  Europe  and  in  the  defense  of  the  seas. 

"The  hearts  of  Belgians,  whom  these  heroes 
helped  to  liberate  from  the  domination  of  the 
enemy,  go  out  in  profound  gratitude  to  the 
wounded. 

"In  their  name  I  address  to  the  wounded 
of  the  great  war  the  assurance  of  our  affec- 
tion and  sympathy. 

"I  express  the  gratitude  of  Belgium  to 
those  distinguished  American  citizens  who 


746 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


grave  themselves  with  such  a  rare  spirit  of 
sacrifice  to  the  task  of  lightening-  the  suffer- 
ings of  the  Belgian  people. 

"In  this  noble  assembly  I  solemnly  thank 
the  members  of  the  commission  for  relief  and 
the  innumerable  committees  that  helped  it  in 
its  admirable  efforts. 

"I  salute  in  particular  the  names,  graven 
forever  in  our  memories,  of  Herbert  Hoover 
and  Brand  Whitlock.  


"May  this  splendid  American  nation  so 
richly  endowed  by  nature,  so  magnificently 
served  by  its  people,  pursue  in  the  serenity 
of  ita  power  its  work  of  achievement  of 
culture  and  of  progress." 

The  journey  both  from  and  to  Europe 
was  made  on  the  transport  George  Wash- 
ington, which  was  placed  at  the  king's  dis- 
posal by  the  American  government. 


MEXICO   AND   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


Mexico  continued  in  a  disturbed  state 
throughout  1919  and  the  relations  of  the 
republic  with  the  United  States  remained  more 
or  less  strained.  The  authorities  south  of  the 
Eio  Grande  were  either  unable  or  unwilling  to 
protect  Americans  or  American  property  from 
Villa  and  other  bandits.  In  addition  President 
Carranza  maintained  an  attitude  toward  the 
United  States  which  could  not  be  described  as 
cordial.  In  March  concessions  were  granted  to 
Japanese  colonists  in  Lower  California,  though 
it  was  known  that  this  would  be  regarded  as 
an  unfriendly  act. 

In  Vera  Cruz,  April  22.  Gen.  Francisco  Al- 
varez. an  opponent  of  the  government,  was 
executed  by  a  firing  squad.  About  the  same 
time  Vdlla  fought  his  way  into  Parral  and 
looted  the  town.  His  power  in  that  part  of 
the  country  seemed  to  be  increasing  instead 
of  waning. 

In  May  the  conditions  across  the  border 
were  so  disquieting  that  18,500  American  sol- 
diers, with  a  number  of  aviation  units,  were 

emer- 
pe  An- 


stationed along1  the  frontier  f 
jrencies.      The    forces    under 
Francisco   Villa 


. 
geles   and  Francisco   Villa   were 


much  their  own  way  in  the  northwestern  Dart 
of  Mexico. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  June  15  Villa  forces 
began  an  attack  on  Juarez  on  the  American 
border  and  in  the  evening  American  cavalry 
and  infantry  forces  commanded  by  Col.  Selah 
R.  H.  Tompkins  and  Col.  G.  Arthur  Hadsell 
crossed  the  international  bridge  and  intervened 
as  shots  fired  by  the  rebels  were  fallins:  in 
El  Paso.  Some  sharp  fighting  ensued  in  which 
two  Americans  were  killed  and  seven  wounded. 
President  Carranza  as  usual  protested  at  the 
"invasion."  which  ended  as.  soon  as  the  Villa 
forces  had  been  driven  far  from  the  vicinity 
of  Juarez.  The  chase  ended  on  Auer.  24.  when 
the  American  cavalry  returned  to  El  Paso. 

The  American  government  on  Aug.  14  made 
it  known  that  a  strong  protest  had  been  made 
in  July  against  the  failure  of  Mexico  to  pre- 


vent the  murder  of  American  citizens.  It  was 
also  intimated  that  Henry  L.  Fletcher.  Ameri- 
can ambassador  to  Mexico,  would  not  return 
to  that  country  until  something  was  done  to 
improve  the  -situation. 

TT011,/-^-  17  il  became  known  that  Lieut. 
Harold  G.  Peterson  and  Lieut.  Paul  H.  Davis, 
aviators,  had  been  captured  a  week  earlier  by 
Mexican  bandits  near  Candelaria,  Tex.,  and 
were  being  held  for  ransom,  word  having  been 
sent  across  the  border  that  unless  $18,000 
was  paid  before  Aug.  18  the  men  would  be 
killed.  Their  release  was  demanded  at  once, 
though  arrangements  were  also  made  to  pay 
the  ransom  asked.  The  men  were  reached  and 
after  58.500  had  been  paid  to  the  bandits  were 
brought  back  in  safety  to  Texas.  The  incident 
caused  considerable  excitement  for  a  time  and 
troops  were  again  sent  across  the  border  on 
a  vain  hunt  for  the  bandits.  President  Car- 
ranza once  more  protested  against  the  presence 
of  American  forces  in  Mexico  and  there  the 
matter  ended  for  the  time  being. 

The  next  incident  to  cause  international  ir- 
ritation wns  the  capture  on  Oct  19  of  W.  O. 
Jenkins.  United  States  consular  aerent  at 
Puebla.  by  bandits  who  held  him  for  $150.- 
000  ransom.  His  release  was  purchased  Oct. 
26  and  then  the  Mexican  government  arrested 


m  the  charge  of  collusion 
)n    Nov.    20    Mexico   was 


and  imprisoned  him 
with    the    bandits. 

warned  that  unless  he  was  released  the  rela- 
tions between  Mexico  and  the  United  States 
would  be  seriously  affected  and  that  for  this 
the  Mexican  government  would  have  to  assume 
the  sole  responsibility. 

In  response  to  a  request  from  the  United 
States  senate  Secretary  of  State  Lansing  re- 
port d  that  up  to  Aug.  1,  1919,  217  American 
citizens  had  been  killed  in  Mexico  since  the  end 
of  the  Diaz  regime  May  25,  1911,  and  that 
942  claims  for  damages  had  been  filed  by 
American  citizens.  No  sums  had  been  speci- 
fied in  153  of  the  claims,  but  the  total  in  the 
remainder  was  826,629,597. 


TROOPS    ENGAGED    IN    UNITED    STATES      WARS. 

Military   and  naval   forces  employed  by  the    government   since   1775   up   to    the   time  of   th» 


European  war 
War.  Date.        Total.  I      War.  Date. 

Revolution  1775-83        309.791  |  Cayuse  Indian  (Ore.) 1848 

Northwestern  Indian  1790-95  8.983  I  Texas    Indian 1849-56 


France 1798-1800 

Tripoli   1801-05 

Indian  (Harrison)  •. 1811-13 

War  of  1812   1812-15 

Creek    Indian    1813-14 

Seminole  1817-18 

Winnebaeo  (Wis.)   1827 

Sac  and   Fox  (111.)   1831 

Black  Hawk    1832 

Cherokee  removal  1833-39 

Seminole    (Fla.)    1835-42 

Sabine    Indian    1836-37 

Creek    (Fla.)    1836-37 

"Patriot"  (frontier)   1838-39 

Seminole     (Fla.)     1842-58 

Mexico  1846-48 


4.593 
3.330 
910 

676.622 
13.781 
6.911 
1.416 

"<U65 
9.494 

41,122 
4,429 

13.418 
1.500 

ii2.'230 


Apache  (Utah)    .....................  1849-55 


California    Indian 
Utah    Indian 


1849-55 
1851-53 


Total. 
1,116 
4.243 
2.561 
265 
540 
5.145 
503 
2.687 


Oregon.    Washington  Indian   1851-56 

Comanche  1854 

Seminole    1855-58 

Civil    war    1861-66    2,778,304 

Spanish-American    1898-99        312.523 

Philippine     1899-1902    140,033 

Pekin   (China)   expedition 1900-01  6.913 

Total    4.371.839 

The  total  in  this  table  includes  re-enlistments. 
The  total  number  of  individuals  is  estimated  at 
3,304,993,  of  whom  2.213,363  served  in  the  civil 
war. 


REPUBLICAN    VICTORY   IN    OKLAHOMA. 


In  a  special  election  in  the  5th  Oklahoma 
congressional  district  Nov.  8,  1919.  to  fill  tne 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Joseph  B. 


Thompson,  democrat,  J.  W.  Harreid.  republi- 
can, was  elected  by  a  majority  of  708  votes 
over  Claude  Weaver,  democrat. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


747 


MAYORS    OF   LARGE    CITIES    (1919). 


Albany.  N.  Y.— James  R.  Watt,  Rep. 
Atlanta.  Ga.— James  L.  Key.  Dem. 
Baltimore,  Md.— William  F.  Broening.  Rep. 
Boston.  Mass. — Andrew  J.  Peters,   nonpartisan. 
Bridgeport.  Conn. — Clifford  B.   Wilson.   Rep. 
Buffalo.   N.  Y.— G.  E.  Buck.    Rep. 
Camden.  N.  J.— Charles  H.  Ellis,  Rep. 
Charleston.   S.  C.— T.  T.  Hyde.  Dem. 
Chicago.   111. — William   Hale  Thompson.   Rep. 
Cincinnati,    O. — John    Galvin.    Rep. 
Cleveland.   O.— Harry  L.   Davis.   Rep. 
Columbus.  O.— Georg-e  J.  Karb.  Dem. 
Dayton.  O. — J.  M.   Switzer,  nonpartisan. 
Denver.  Col.— Dewey  C.  Bailey.  Rep. 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.— Thomas  Fairweather.  nonp. 
Detroit.  Mich. — James  Couzens,  nonpartisan. 
Duluth.  Minn.— C.  R.  Magney.  nonpartisan. 
Fall  River.  Mass.— James  H.  Kay.  Rep. 
Fort  Wayne.   Ind.— W.    S.   Cutshall.  Rep. 
Galveston,  Tex.— H.  O.  Sappingrton.  Dem. 
Grand  Rapids.  Mich.— Chr.  Gallmeyer.  nonpart. 
Hartford.  Conn.— R.  J.  KinseUa.  Dem. 
Indianapolis,  Ind.— Charles  W.  Jewett.  Rep. 
Jersey  City.  N.  J.— Frank  Hague.  Dem. 
Kansas  City.  Mo.— James  Cowgill.  Dem. 
Lincoln,   Neb.— John  E.  Miller.  Dem. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.— Meredith  P.  Snyder.  Dem. 
Louisville.  Ky.— George  W.   Smith.  Rep. 
Lowell.  Mass.— Perry  D.  Thompson,  nonpart. 
Memphis.  Tenn.— F.  S.  Monteverde,  Dem. 
Milwaukee.  Wia.— Daniel  A.  Hoan,  Soc. 
Minneapolis.  Minn.— J.  E.  Meyers.  Nonp.-Rep. 


Nashville,   Tenn. — William  Gupton,  Dem. 
Newark.    N.   J.— Charles   P.   Gillen.    Dem. 
New  Haven.  Conn.— D.  E.  Fitzgerald,  Dem. 
New  Orleans.  La. — Martin  Behrman.  Dem. 
New  York.  N.  Y.— John  F.  Hylan.  Dem. 
Omaha.  Neb.— Edward  P.  Smith.  Dem. 
Paterson.  N.  J. — C.  L.  Newman,  Rep.   (acting), 
Peoria.  HI.— E.  N.  Woodruff,  Rep. 
Philadelphia.  Pa.— J.  H.  Moore,   Rep. 
Pittsburgh.  Pa.— E.  V.  Babcock,  nonpartisan. 
Portland.    Me.— Charles   B.    Clarke.    Rep. 
Portland.  Ore.— Geo.  L.  Baker.  Rep. 
Providence,  R.  I. — Joseph  H.  Gainer.  Dem. 
Reading.  Pa.— Edward  H.  Filbert,   nonpartisaa. 
Richmond.  Va. — George  Ainslee,  Dem. 
Rochester.   N.   Y.— H.  H.   Edgerton,   Rep. 
St.  Joseph.  Mo.— J.  C.  Whitsell,  Dem. 
St.  Louis.  Mo.— Henry  W.  Kiel.  Rep. 
St.  Paul.  Minn. — L.  C.  Hodgson,  nonpartisan. 
Salt    Lake    City.    Utah— W.    Mont    Ferry.    Rep. 
San  Antonio.  Tex. — Sam  C.  Bell,  Rep. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. — James  Rolph,  Jr.,   nonp. 
Schen-ectady.   N.  Y.— Geo.  W.  Lunn.  Dem. 
Seattle.  Wash.— C.  B.  Fitzgerald,  Nonp. 
Springfield,   111.— Charles  T.  Baumann.  Rep. 
Springfield.   Mass. — Arthur  A.  Adams,   Rep. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.— Walter  R.  Stone.  Rep. 
Toledo.  O. — Cornell  Schreiber.  nonpartisan. 
Trenton.  N.  J.— Frederick  W.  Donnelly.  Dem. 
Troy,   N.  Y.— J.   W.  Fleming.  Dem. 
Wilmington.  Del.— William  G.  Taylor.   Rep. 


METHODIST    CENTENARY    EXPOSITION. 


The  centenary  celebration  or  Methodist 
missionary  exposition  was  held  on  the  Ohio 
state  fair  grounds  at  Columbus,  O.,  June  20 
to  July  13,  1919.  There  were  17,000  par- 
ticipants and  employes  and  the  attendance 
was  approximately  1,000,000.  More  than 
150,000  automobiles,  representing-  at  least 
thirty-four  states,  passed  through  the  gates 
during  the  three  weeks.  The  fundamental 
idea  back  of  the  exposition  was  to  bring 
to  the  people  of  the  Christian  churches  of 
America  a  first  hand  knowledge  of  actual 
missionary  work.  It  was  an  attempt  to 
reproduce  actual  conditions  which  exist  in 
other  less  known  parts  of  our  country  and 
of  the  world.  It  was  also  an  attempt  to 
tell  how  the  other  half  lives,  and  especially 
to  show  what  waa  being  done  by  Christian 
missionaries  to  alleviate  the  human  suffer- 
ing and  to  bring  the  munificent  influence  of 
the  gospel  to  bear  upon  the  peoples  of  the 
world. 

The  centenary  celebration  was  an  intruder 
in  the  exposition  world,  upsetting  all  no- 
tions as  to  what  the  people  seemed  to  de- 
mand at  a  fair  or  exposition.  Old  theories 
were  exploded  and  its  success  astonished  fair 
officials  everywhere.  That  an  exposition 
without  horse  races,  midway  dances,  stock 
shows  and  commercial  displays  could  attract 
1.000,000  admissions  through  the  gates  in 


three    weeks    was   unbelievable.      It   was   done. 

Six  hundred  thousand  square  feet  of  ex- 
hibits were  of  life  and  conditions  of  people. 
In  the  thirty-eight  auditoriums  on  the  grounds 
there  were  several  thousand  speakers,  musi- 
cians and  entertainers.  There  were  53,000 
meetings  and  demonstrations  held  attended 
by  2,455,000.  Among  the  prominent  speak- 
ers were  Former  President  William  H.  Taft. 
Col.  W.  J.  Bryan.  Secretary  of  the  Navy- 
Daniels,  Former  Secretary  McAdoo,  Dr.  S.  D. 
Chown  of  Canada.  Miss  Margaret  Bondfield  and 
Chaplain  Tiplady  of  England,  Major  Dupont, 
French  commissioner.  Commander  A.  C.  Read 
of  the  N-C  4  and  Sergt.  A.  C.  York  of  Ten- 
nessee. A  religious  pageant  known  as  "The 
Wayfarer"  drew  a  capacity  house  in  the  Coli- 
seum every  night,  and  thousands  of  people 
were  unable  to  gain  admission,  BO  great  waa 
the  demand  for  tickets. 

The  exposition  was  put  on  by  a  joint  com- 
mission representing  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  and  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
South.  Dr.  W.  W.  Pinson  of  Nashville  was 
the  chairman  of  the  commission  and  Dr. 
S.  Earl  Taylor  of  New  York  director^general. 
The  associate  directors-general  were  Dr.  W.  B. 
Beauchamp  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  Dr.  J.  E.  Crow- 
ther  of  Seattle  and  Dr.  F.  B.  Fisher  of  New 
York. 


RESIGNATION    OF    ATTORNEY-GENERAL    GREGORY. 


Thomas  Watt  Gregory,  attorney-general  of 
the  United  Stetes  since  1914,  resigned  Jan. 
9,  1919,  and  went  out  of  office  on  March  4 
following.  His  letter  of  resignation  and  the 
president's  reply  were  made  public  at  the 
white  house,  Washington,  Jan.  12.  Mr.  Greg- 

In  accordance  with 
the  purpose  expressed  in  our  conversation  just 
before  you  went  abroad  I  tender  my  resigna- 
tion as  attorney-general. 

"Pecuniary    responsibilities    of    a    substantial 


ory's  letter  read: 
"Dear    Mr.    President : 


in  the  balance  against  the  public  duties 
with  which  I  was  charged." 

In  reply  President  Wilson  cabled  from  Paris, 
France : 

"My  Dear  Mr.  Attorney-General:  It  is  with 
profound  reluctance  and  regret  that  I  accept 
your  resignation.  I  do  so  only  because  you 
have  convinced  me  that  it  is  necessary  in 
your  own  interest  for  you  to  retire.  There 
has  been  no  one  with  whom  I  have  been  asso- 
ciated in  Washington  whom  I  have  learned 
more  to  trust  nor  to  whose  counsels  I  have 


nature   rest   upon    me    and    my   private    affairs    attached  more  value  and  importance." 
have    long    demanded    attention.      During    the        Mr.    Gregory    was    succeeded    by   A.    Mitchell 
continuance   of   actual    warfare   I  did   not   feel    Palmer,    who   during   the   war   served   as    alien 
at  liberty   to   weigh   these  personal   considera-  I  property  custodian. 


748 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


WORK  OF  UNITED  STATES   CENSUS  BUREAU. 


The  bureau  of  the  census  in  the  department 
of  commerce  in  Washington.  D.  C..  is  charged 
with  the  duty  of  taking  periodical  censuses  of 
the  population,  agriculture,  manufactures  and 
mines  and  quarries  of  the  United  States,  to- 
gether with  such  special  statistics  as  are  re- 
quired by  congress  from  time  to  time.  The 
next  general  or  decennial  census  will  be  taken 
in  19*20.  A  census  of  electrical  industries  is 
taken  every  fifth  year;  the  last  one  was  taken 
in  1918.  for  the  statistics  of  1917.  Other 
regular  censuses  include: 

Wealth,  debt  and  taxation:  taken  every 
tenth  year:  latest  statistics  are  for  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30.  1913. 

Manufacturing  industries:   taken  every  fifth 


year:     last     report     related    to    calendar    year 


Agriculture:  taken  at  ten  year  intervals;  last 
census  was  taken  late  in  fall  of  1915  and 
related  to  the  crops  of  that  year. 

Religious  bodies:  taken  every  tenth  year; 
last  census  was  taken  in  1916. 

Water  transportation  on  coast  and  inland 
waters  of  the  United  States:  taken  every  tenth 
year;  last  census  covered  the  year  1916. 

The  annual  reports  issued  by  the  bureau  in- 
clude mortality  and  birth  statistics:  financial 
statistics  of  cities  with  a  population  of  30.000 
or  more:  statistics  relating  to  cotton  produc- 
tion and  consumption  and  statistics  showing 
the  amount  of  tobacco  of  various  kinds  on 
hand  on  April  1  and  Oct.  1  of  each.  year. 


THE  GENERAL  EDUCATION  BOARD. 


The  General  Education  board  was  organ- 
ized in  New  York  Feb.  27.  1902,  and  incor- 
porated by  an  act  of  congress  signed  Jan. 
12.  1903.  The  purposes  of  the  board  are  to 
promote  education  in  the  United  States,  with- 
out distinction  as  to  race,  sex  or  c.reed,  and 
especially  to  promote,  systematize  and  make 
effective  various  forms  of  educational  benefi- 
cence. The  principal  of  the  funds  held  by  the 
board  on  May  1,  1918.  was  $41,874.094.  of 
which  $7.240.728  represented  income  invested. 
The  total  of  all  appropriations  made  by  the 
board  from  the  date  of  its  organization  to 
May  1.  1918.  was  $22.980.223. 


The  following  are  officers  of  the  board: 
Wallace  Buttrick.  president:  Abraham  Flex- 
ner.  secretary:  E.  C.  Sage,  assistant  secretary; 
L.  G.  Myers,  treasurer;  L.  M.  Dashiell,  assist- 
ant treasurer. 

The  following1  are  members  of  the  board: 
Frederick  T.  Gates.  Walter  H.  Page,  J.  D. 
Rpckefeller,  Jr.,  Albert  Shaw,  Wallace  But- 
trick,  Starr  J.  Murphy.  Edwin  A.  Alderman. 
Harry  Pratt  Jurlson.  Wickliffe  Rose,  Jerome 
D.  Greene.  Anson  Phelps  Stokes,  Abraham 
Flexner,  George  E.  Vincent,  James  H.  Dillard, 
Frank  E.  Spauldingr. 


LADY    ASTOR    IN    BRITISH    PARLIAMENT. 


Lady  Astor.  wife  of  Maj.  Waldorf  Astor. 
was  elected  a  member  of  parliament  for  the 
Sutton  constituency  in  Plymouth.  England. 
Nov.  15.  1919.  by  a  vote  of  14.495  as  against 
9.292  for  William  Gay,  laborite.  and  4.139  for 
Isaac  Foot,  liberal.  Her  husband,  on  the 
death  of  his  father.  Viscount  William  Waldorf 
Astor.  on  Oct.  18.  succeeded  to  his  title  and 
membership  in  the  house  of  lords.  As  Maj. 
Astor  was  member  of  parliament  for  the  Sut- 
ton district  in  Plymouth  this  left  a  vacancy  to 
be  filled  by  a  special  or  by-election.  His  wife, 
who  before  her  marriage  was  Nancy  Lang- 
horne  of  Virginia,  announced  her  intention  of 


seeking  election  to  the  vacant  seat  as  the  con- 
servative candidate.  The  campaign  was  a 
spirited  one  on  her  part  and  it  resulted  as  al- 
ready announced. 

Countess  or  Mme.  Markievicz  of  Dublin  was 
the  first  woman  to  be  elected  to  the  British 
parliament.  She  was  chosen  at  the  general 
flections  in  December.  1918.  to  represent  St. 
Patrick's  constituency.  Dublin,  but  with  the 
other  Irish  Sinn  Fein  members  refused  to  go 
to  Westminster.  Lady  Astor  therefore  is  the 
first  woman  actually  to  occupy  a  seat  in  the 
British  house  of  commons. 


PARTIES  IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS. 


As  the  result  of  the  general  election  in  De- 
cember. 1918,  the  British  house  of  commons 
in  1919  was  made  up,  at  the  start,  of  the  fol- 
lowing parties: 

Coalition— Unionists    334 

Liberals     133 

National  democrats    10 

Independent    1 

Total  coalition    478 

Noncoalition — Labor    63 

Unionists    23 

Irish   unionists    25 


Liberals     28 

Sinn    Fein*     73 

Nationalists    7 

National   party    2 

Independents     4 

Ind.    radical     1 

Socialist    1 

Co-operator   1 

Soldiers'     federation     1 

Total   noncoalition    249 

Grand     total     727 

'Refused  to  take  their  seats. 


UNITED    STATES 

ADMINISTRATION.    1919. 
Captain  commandant— William  E.  Reynolds. 
Chief    of    division    of     operations — Oliver    H. 

Maxam. 
Chief  of  division  of  material— George  H.  Slay- 

baugh. 
Superintendent    of    construction    and    repair — 

Senior  Captain  Howard  M.  Broadbent. 
Engineer  in  chief— Charles  A.  McAllister. 
Inspector — Senior  Captain  Daniel  P.  Foley. 

OPERATIONS  IN  1918.* 
Lives  saved  1,250 


COAST    GUARD. 

Persons  on  board  vessels  assisted 

Persons  in  distress  cared  for. . . 

Vessels  boarded  and  papers  ex- 
amined      

Vessels    seized    or    reported    for 
violation  of  law 

Fines  and  penalties  incurred  by 
vessels   reported    $216,290 

Derelicts  removed  or  destroyed. .  5 

Value  of  vessels  assisted $15.198.322.00 

Expended   for   maintenance   and 

repairs    $8.242.713.32 

*  Fiscal  year  ended  June  30. 


11,084 

477 

1.039 
198 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


749 


CHICAGO  ELEVATED  RAILROAD  STATIONS. 

LOOP    STATIONS. 

Stockyards   Branch. 

1.  Adams  and  Wabash 
2.  Madison  &  Wabash 
3.  Randolph  and  Wa- 
bash. 

7.  Madison  .and  Wells. 
8.  Quincy   and  Wells. 
9.  LaSalle     and     Van 
Buren. 

1.  Wallace  street. 
2.  Halsted    street. 
3.  Exchange  avenue. 
4.  Morris. 

5.  Swift. 
6.  Packers  avenue. 
7.  Armour. 

4.  State    and    Lake. 

10.  Dearborn   and   Van 

Stub    Terminal   Station. 

S.Clark  and  Lake. 
6.  Randolph  &  Wells. 

Buren. 
11.  State  &  Van  Buren 

Congress    and    State    streets. 

Transfer   Stations   on    the    Loop. 

THE    METROPOLITAN    ELEVATED 

RAILWAY. 

1.  Adams  and  Wabash 
2.  Clark  and  Lake. 

3.  Randolph  &  Wells. 
4.  State  &  Van  Buren. 

Main   Line   and    Garfield    Park   Branch. 

1.  Franklin  street. 

15.  Crawford    avenue. 

NORTHWESTERN    ELEVATED    RAILROAD. 

2.  Canal    street. 

16.Tripp   avenue. 

Main  Line  and  Evanston  Division. 

3.  Halsted    street. 
4.  Racine   avenue. 

17.  Kilbourn    avenue. 
18.  Cicero   avenue. 

l.Kinzie    street. 
2.  Chicago   avenue. 
3.  Oak    street. 
4.  Division    street. 
5.  Schiller    street. 
6.  Sedgwick    street. 
7.  Larrabee    street. 
8.  Halsted    street. 
9.  Willow    street. 
10.  Center    street. 

22.  Wilson   avenue. 
23.  Argyle     avenue. 
24.  Bryn     Mawr     ave- 
nue   (Edgewater). 
25.Thorndale    avenue. 
26.  Granville-av.     (No. 
Edgewater  station)  . 
27.  Loyola    avenue. 
28.  Rogers  Park. 
29.  Birch  wood    avenue. 

5.  Laflin    street. 
6.  Marshfleld    avenue. 
7.  Ogden  avenue. 
8.  Hoyne  avenue. 
9.  Western     avenue. 
10.  California    avenue. 
11.  Sacra  mento-blvd. 
12.Kedzie  avenue. 
13.  St.  Louie  avenue. 
14.  Garfield  park. 

19.Laramie  avenue. 
20.  Central  avenue. 
2  I.Austin  avenue. 
22.  Lombard    avenue. 
23.  Gunderson    avenue. 
24.  Oak    Park    avenue. 
25.  Home  avenue. 
"6.  Harlem    avenue. 
27.  Hannah    street. 
'28.  Dos  Plaines  avenue. 

11.  Webster   avenue. 

30.  Howard    street. 

Douglas    Park    Branch. 

12.  Fullerton  avenue. 
13.  Wrightwood   ave. 
14.  Diversey   boulevard 
15.  Wellington  avenue. 
16.  Belmont  avenue. 

31.  Calvary. 
32.  Main  street. 
33.  Dempster   street. 
34.  Davis   street. 
35.  Foster   street. 

l.Polk  street. 
2.  Roosevelt  road. 
3.  14th    place. 
4.  18th  street. 
5.  Wood   street. 

IS.Lawndale  avenue. 
14.  Crawford    avenue. 
15.  Kildare    avenue. 
16.  Kenton  avenue. 
17.48th  avenue. 

17.  Clark  street. 
18.  Addison    street. 
19.  Grace   street. 
20.  Sheridan  road. 

£6.  Noyes  street. 
37.  Central    street. 
38.  Isabella    street. 
39.  Linden   avenue. 

6.  Hoyne    avenue. 
7.  Western    avenue. 
8.  California    avenue. 
9.  Douglas  park. 

18.  50th  avenue. 
19.  52d  avenue. 
"0.  54th  avenue. 
21.  56th  avenue. 

21.Buena   Park. 

10.  Kedzie   avenue. 

22.  58th  avenue. 

Ravenswood  Branch. 

11.  Homan'  avenue. 
12.  Clifton    Park-av. 

23.  Austin    avenue. 
24.  62d  avenue. 

1.  Southport  avenue. 

7.  Robey  street.          , 

Logan    Square    Branch. 

2.  Paulina    street. 
3.  Addison  street. 
4.  Irving  Park-blvd. 
5.  Montrose-blvd. 
6.  Ravenswood. 

8.  Western    avenue. 
9.  Rockwell    street. 
10.  Francisco   avenue. 
ll.Kedzie    avenue. 
12.Kimball    avenue. 

I.Madison   street. 
2.  Lake-st.    transfer. 
3.  Grand  avenue. 
4.  Chicago  avenue. 
5.  Division   street. 

6.  Robey  street. 
7.  Western  avenue. 
8.  California    avenue. 
9.  Logan   square. 

Stub   Terminal  Station. 

Humboldt   Park  Branch. 

North   Water  and  Clark   streets. 

1.  Western  avenue. 

4.  Kedzie   avenue. 

2.  California    avenue. 

5.  Ballou  street. 

SOUTH    SIDE    ELEVATED    RAILROAD. 

3.  Humboldt  park. 

6.  Lawndalo  avenue. 

Main  Line  and  Jackson  Park  Division 

Transfer  Point  Between  Metropolitan  and 
Oak   Park. 

1.  Congress  &  Wabash 
2  Roosevelt   road. 

15.55th   street. 
16.  58th   street. 

Lake    street    transfer. 

3   18th   street. 

17.  61st   street. 

Stub   Terminal  Station. 

4.  22d   street. 

18.  South  Park  avenue 

Wells  street  and  Van  Buren. 

5.  26th   street. 

and  63d  street. 

6.  29th  street. 

19.  Cottage  Grove  ave- 

CHICAGO   &    OAK    PARK    ELEVATED 

7.31st    street. 

nue  and  63d  street. 

STATIONS. 

8.33d  street. 
9.  35th   street. 
10.  39th   street. 
11.  Indiana    avenue. 
12.43d  street. 
13.  47th   street. 
14.  61st  street. 

20.  University     avenue 
and   63d  street. 
21.  Dorchester     avenue 
and    63d    street. 
22.  Stony    Island    ave- 
nue and  63d  street 
(Jackson   park). 

1.  Clinton    street. 
2.  Halated    street. 
3.  Morgan    street. 
4.  Ann    street. 
5.  Sheldon  street. 
6.  Ashland  avenue. 
7.  Lake-st.   transfer. 

15.  Hamlin  avenue. 
16.  Crawford    avenue. 
17.  Kostner    avenue. 
18.  Cicero    avenue. 
19.  Laramie  avenue. 
20.  Central  avenue. 
21.Menard  avenue. 

Englewood   Branch. 

8.  Robey    street. 

22.  Austin    avenue. 

1.  State  street. 
2.  Wentworth  avenue. 
3.  Princeton    avenue. 
4.  Harvard  and63d-sts 

5.  Parnell-av.  &63d-st. 
6.  Halsted  &  63d-Sts. 
7.  Racine    avenue. 
8.  Loomis  street. 

9.  Oakley  boulevard. 
10.  Campbell    avenue. 
11.  California    avenue. 
12.  Sacramento-blvd. 
13.  Kedzie  avenue. 

23.  Lombard    avenue. 
24.  Ridgeland     avenue. 
25.  Oak    Park    avenue. 
26.  Wisconsin    avenue. 
27.  Forest  Park. 

Normal  Park  Branch. 

14.  Garfield  park. 

1.  65th  street. 

3.69th  street. 

Transfer  Station  Between  Oak  Park  and 

2.  67th  street. 

Metropolitan. 

Kenwood   Branch. 

Lake    street    transfer. 

1.  Grand    boulevard. 

Drexel   boulevard. 

Stub    Stations. 

2.  Vincennes    avenue. 

4.  Ellis  &  Lake  Pk.-ay. 

1.  Market   and    Randolph    streets. 

3.  Cottage  Grove  and 

5.  42d  place. 

2.  Madison  and  Market  streets. 

750 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


MUSIC   IN 

CHICAGO   SYMPHONY  ORCHESTRA. 

Founded  by  Theodore  Thomas. 
The  Theodore  Thomas  orchestra  was  organ- 
ized in  Chicagro  in  1890-1891  by  a  number  of 
men  interested  in  promoting-  the  highest  class 
of  instrumental  music.  The  Orchestral  asso- 
ciation was  incorporated  Dec.  16.  1890,  and 
Theodore  Thomas,  famous  for  many  years  as 
a  C9nductor.  was  engaged  to  lead  the  new  or- 
ganization, which  was  then  named  the  Chicago 
orchestra.  The  preparations  were  completed 
in  1891  and  the  first  public  rehearsal  was 
given  at  the  Auditorium  Friday  afternoon.  Oct. 
16.  of  that  year.  Financially  the  result  of  the 
first  season  was  discouraging,  the  fifty  or 
more  gentlemen  guaranteeing  the  expenses  be- 
ing compelled  to  meet  a  deficit  of  about  $53,- 
000.  Receipts,  however,  continued  to  increase 
from  year  to  year  until  the  orchestra  was 
finally  placed  on  a  permanent  basis.  This  was 
accomplished  when  Orchestra  hall,  erected  by 
subscriptions  from  more  than  8.000  persons, 
was  completed  at  220  South  Michigan  avenue, 
and  the  organization  was  provided  with  a 
home  of  its  own.  The  first  concert  there  was 
given  Wednesday  evening.  Dec.  14,  1904. 
Theodore  Thomas  died  Jan.  4.  1905.  and  the 
orchestra,  which  until  then  had  been  called 
the  Chicago  orchestra,  was  named  the  Theodore 
Thomas  orchestra.  Feb.  24.  1913.  the  title 
was  changed  to  the  Chicago  Symphony  or- 
chestra (founded  by  Theodore  Thomas).  Fred- 
erick Stock,  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Thomas, 
was  made  conductor,  a  position  he  held  until 
Oct.  2.  1918,  when  he  withdrew  until  he  could 
acquire  citizenship  in  the  United  States.  His 
place  was  taken  by  Eric  De  Lamarter.  Mr. 
Stock  resumed  the  position  'Of  conductor,  in 
May.  1919.  The  plan  of  giving  two  perform- 
ances a  week — a  public  rehearsal  on  Friday 
afternoon  and  a  concert  on  Saturday  evening- 
has  been  followed  from  the  beginning.  The 
ceason  consists  of  twenty-eight  weeks,  begin- 
ning in  October  and  ending  in  April. 


CHICAGO. 

The  first  officers  of  the  Orchestral  associa- 
tion were:  N.  K.  Fairbank.  president-  C  Nor- 
man Fay.  vice-president:  P.  A.  McEwan.  'treas- 
urer and  secretary;  Milward  Adams,  manager. 

Officers  in  1919. 
President-^lyde  M.  Carr 
Vice-President—Charles  H.  Hamill 


Business  Manager-Frederick  J. 

Assistant  Treasurer—  Henry  E.  Voegeli 
Trustees—  Joseph  Adams.  William  L.'  Brown. 
Clyde  M.  Carr.  Clarence  A.  Burley.  Edward 
B.  Butler.  J.  J.  Glessner.  C.  H  Hamill 
Charles  L-.  Hutchinson.  Chauncey  Keep  Har- 
2ld^F,-,McC°rmick-  Seymour  Morris.  Horace 

0"8-  Albert  A- 


. 

Office—  850  Orchestra  building. 

CHICAGO  OPEEA  ASSOCIATION. 

IM&  Chicago  Opera  association,  known  until 

915    as    the   Chicago    Grand   Opera   company 

was  established  in  1910  by  a  number  of  cU- 

jzens   of  Chicago   and   New  York,   who  organ- 

*™n™nh  a  Cap!tal  •  *°f  »50°.000.  of  which 
$300.000  was  subscribed  in  Chicago  and  the 
remainder  in  the  east.  The  Auditorium  was 
leased,  important  alterations  were  made  and 
the  first  performance  by  the  new  company  was 
given  there  in  November,  1910.  Since  then  a 
season  of  opera  has  'been  given  at  the  same 
Place  each  year  in  the  months  of  November! 

1!   18     Wig™'     The  ninth  8ea80n  be' 

Officers,  1919. 
President—  Judson  F.  Stone. 
Vice-President—Charles   G    Dawes 
Secretary  and  Treasurer-Herbert  '  M.  Johnson. 
Office—  58  East  Congress  street. 


OCCURRENCES     DURING     PRINTING. 


NORTH     AND     SOUTH     DAKOTA     RATIFY 

SUFFRAGE  AMENDMENT. 
North  and  South  Dakota  ratified  the  woman 
suffrage  amendment  to  the  federal  constitution 
Dec.  1  and  3  respectively  South  Dakota  was 
the  twenty-first  state  to  take  such  action.  For 
a  list  of  the  states  previously  ratifying  the 
amendment  see  pages  799-800  this  volume. 

USE  OF  COAL,  RESTRICTED. 
On  account  of  the  strike  of  the  coal  miners 
(see  page  754)  Fuel  Administrator  Garfield  on 
Dec.  1,  1919,  put  the  nation  on  a  war  time 
basis  in  the  distribution  of  coal  and  ordered 
that  it  should  be  used  only  for  the  most  es- 
eential  purposes. 

CHANGES    IN    THE    CABINET. 

Carter  Glass,  secretary  of  the  treasury,  was 
appointed  Nov.  15.  1919.  by  the  governor  of 
Virginia  United  States  senator  to  succeed 
Thomas  S.  Martin,  deceased.  Mr.  Glass  ac- 
cepted and  resigned  his  position  as  secretary 
of  the  treasury. 

William  C.  Redfield  retired  as  secretary  of 
commerce  Oct.  31,  1919,  and  Congressman  I 


Joshua   W.  Alexander  of  Missouri    was   nomi- 

nated Dec.  2  to  succeed  him. 

FEDERAL  TRADE  COMMISSIONER  RESIGNS 

J  Franklin  Fort,  chairman  of  the  federal 
trade  commission,  resigned  Dec.  1.  1919.  be- 
cause of  ill  health. 

RESIGNATION  OF  SUPT.  CHADSEY. 

Charles  E  Chadsey.  superintendent  of'  the 
public  schools  of  Chicago,  resigned  his  posi- 
tion Nov.  28.  1919.  after  the  board  of  educa- 
tion had  deprived  him  of  the  power  to  carry 
out  the  duties  of  his  office.  He  was  succeeded 
by  the  associate  superintendent. 
DEATHS. 

Thomas  S.  Martin.  United  States  senator 
from  Viririnia,  died  at  his  home  in  Charlottes- 

bom'  Ju^.    l|ie7.  NOV'    12'    1919'     He   ™8 
Henry  Clay  Frick.   a  leader  in  the  iron  and 


Field  Marshal  Sir  Evelyn  Wood  died  in  Lon- 
Feb'  9    1838          &C'    *'    1919'      He  'was   born 


"CLOSED"     HOURS     ON     BRIDGES    OF     CHICAGO. 


Following  are  the  hours  when  the  bridges 
of  Chicago  are  closed  to  river  traffic:  Bridges 
on  the  main  river,  on  the  south  branch  as 
tar  south  at  Roosevelt  road,  inclusive,  and 
on  the  north  branch  to  Kinzie  street,  in- 
clusive, 6:30  to  9  a.  m.  and  4:30  to  6:30  p.  m.; 
on  the  north  branch  from  Kinzie,  exclusive, 
to  Halsted  Street,  inclusive,  and  on  the  south 


branch  from  Roosevelt  road,  exclusive,  to 
Halsted  street,  inclusive.  6  to  7  a  m  and 
5:30  to  6:30  p.  m.:  all  other  bridges  from 
6  to  7  a.  m.  and  6  to  7  p.  m.  Rush  street 
bridge  may  be  opened  half  an  hour  earlier 
m  evening  to  admit  passage  of  passenger 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


751 


OFFICERS. 
President— Charles  W.  Folds. 
First   Vice-President—Julius  Rosenwald. 
Second   Vice-President—Mrs.  Joseph  T.  Bowen. 
Secretary — Charles  A.  Munroe. 
Treasurer — David  R.  Foreran. 
General  Superintendent— Joel  D.  Hunter. 
Directors    Representing     the    Community    at 

Large. 

Mrs.  Emmons  Elaine.  William  McCormick 
Blair.  Mrs.  Joseph  T.  Bowen.  Walter  S. 
Brewster.  William  H.  Bush,  Marquis  Eaton, 
Charles  H  Hamill.  Charles  W.  Folds.  David 
R  Forgan,  L.  A.  Goddaid.  Mrs.  Louise  M. 
Greeley.  N.  B.  Higbie.  Mrs.  James  L.  Hough- 
teling.  Otis  McG.  Howard,  L.  Wilbur  Messer, 
Charles  A.  Munroe.  Potter  Palmer.  Julius 
Rosenwald.  Howard  Van  D.  Shaw.  Harold  H. 
Swift,  Harry  A.  Wheeler.  Harold  F.  White. 
Dean  John  H.  Wigmore. 

Directors  Representing  the  Districts. 
Mrs.  Ralph  Bourne.  Miss  Naomi  Donnelley. 
Mrs.  John  V.  Farwell.  Mrs.  Roderick  Find- 
lay.  Mrs.  William  Hubbard.  Judge  Edmund 
Jarecki.  George  B.  Masslik,  Miss  Gertrude 
Ray,  Angus  Roy  Shannon.  Mrs.  H.  N.  Tolles. 

Executive  Staff,   1919-1920. 
General  Superintendent— Joel  D.  Hunter. 
Asst.   Gen.   Superintendent — Miss  Amelia  Sears. 
Financial  Secretary— Edwin  C.  Jones. 
Director.   Intercity  Inquiries— Miss  Lulu  Parks. 
Cashier— Miss  Bess  G.  Davies. 
Registrar,    Registration   Bureau— Miss   Florence 

Z.   Dtipuis. 
Statistician— Miss  Elizabeth  B.  Hughes. 


UNITED    CHARITIES   OF    CHICAGO. 

168  North  Michigan  avenue. 


STATISTICS.  1918-1919. 
Families  Dealt  With. 

New  (families  asking  aid  from  us  for 
the  first  time)  2877 

Old  (i.  e..  known  to  U.  C.  in  other 
years)  ,.  3966 

Families  under  care  with  plans  for  re- 
habilitation    ..  0842 

Number  of  instances  in  which  families 
were  counseled  with  or  reported  on 
not  needing  treatment  44 

Number  of  persons  in  families  asking  aid.3  ' 
Employment   Secured. 

Temporary,  odd  or  day  jobs,  times 358 

Employment  that  should  be  regular, 
instances  194 

Relief  work  devised  and  paid  for  by 
U.  C.  as  a  substitute  for  direct  relief 
(number  of  persons)  369 


1:111 


Legal   Aid   Secured   for   Families. 


Poliae    (persons)    , 

Lawyers    ( families) 

Societies    (families)   318 

Courts    (adults)    173 


104 
23 


Courts    (children) 


From. 


Medical  Aid  Secured. 


450 

Persons. 


Amouiance  service 34 

Health  department 59 

purses 1.257 

bounty  doctor    1081 

Private    physician l!735 

Dispensaries    3  020 

Hospitals  or  convalescent  homes 1.545 


ARCTIC    AND 

THE  POLAR  RECORD. 

Arctic. 
Tear.     Explorer.  ,  Deg 

1854— E.  K.  Kane 80 

1871— Capt.    Hall 8.2 

1876— Capt.    Nares 83 

1879— Lieut.  De  Long 77 

1882— Lieut.  Greely 83 

1890— Lieut.    Peary 83 

1891— Lieut.    Peary 83 

1895 — Fridtjof     Nansen 86 

1900— Duke    d'Abruzzi 86 

1902— Lieut.    Peary 84 

1904— Anthony     Fiala 83 


ANTARCTIC    EXPLORATION. 

Year.      Explorer.  Deg. 

1906 — Commander  Peary 87 

Min.    1909— Commander  Peary 90 

56*  Antarctic. 

16  1774— Capt.    Cook 71 

10     1-823— Capt.   Weddell ..   74 

15     1842— Capt.  Ross 77 

24     1895— Borchgrevink  74 

50     1898— De   Gerlache 71 

24     1900— Borchgrevink    78 

14     1902— Capt.  Robert  F.   Scott 82 

33     1909— Lieut.    Shackleton 88 

17  1911— Roald    Amundsen 90 

13     1912— Capt.  Robert  F.  Scott 90 


Min. 
(Pole? 

15 
15 
49 
10 
36 
50 
17 
23 

(Pole) 
(Pole) 


SURVIVING   CHICAGO 

David   W.  Clark.    "Fireking"   No.    1. 
W.  N.  Danks.  "Hope"  hose  No.  2. 
Harvey  Doty,  "Liberty"  hose  No.  6. 
John  Leady,  "Excelsior"  No.  5. 
George  Leiger,  "Eagle"  No.  7. 
J.  M.  Mahler.  "Eagle"  No.  7. 
!E.  Mendson.  "Garden  City"  No.  6. 
John  J.  O'Neil.  "Niagara"  No.  3. 
James  Schreiner.  "Eagle"  No.  7. 
George  Sinclair.  "Eagle"  No.  7. 
Laurence  Walsh,  "Niagara"  No.  3. 
William  Wayman,  "Excelsior"  No.  5. 


VETERAN    FIREMEN. 

VETERANS  FROM  1871. 

I.  M.  Adler.  A.  Breit.  J.  J.  Berry.  F.  Berry. 
A.  J.  Calder,  J.  G.  Carlson.  J.  Campion.  Colvin 
L.  Cole,  P.  Dignan,  James  Donigan.  F.  J. 
Gund.  G.  Lathrop.  G.  Leady.  J.  M.  Lanf.  J.  J. 
O'Neil.  Thomas  O'Leary.  J.  C.  Pazen.  A.  W. 
Pendleton,  Conrad  Ruhl.  C.  Schimmels.  C. 
Schroeder,  G.  Steurnagel,  G.  W.  Wells.  L.  J. 
Walsh.  N.  Weinand.  Thomas  Canty. 

Officers  of  the  Fire  Veterans  of  1871:  Presi- 
dent. J.  C.  Pazen:  vice-president,  J.  G.  Carlson: 
secretary.  Capt.  C.  Schimmels:  treasurer.  John 
J.  Berry:  historian.  Owen  J.  Shevlin. 


THE    CHICAGO    ASSOCIATION    OF    COMMERCE. 


Headquarters  10   South  LaSalle   street. 
President— Willys   W.   Baird. 
Vice-President—Joseph  R.  Noel. 
Vice-President    Interstate    and    Foreign    Trade 

Division — John    P.    Hovland. 
Vic^-President  Civic  Industrial  Division— Irving' 

Washington. 

Vice-President  Local  Division— Emil  C.  Wetten. 
General    Secretary — Joseph    F.    Davis. 
General  Treasurer— M.  A.  Traylor. 


Official  Staff. 

Business  Manager — Robprt   B.  Beach. 
Assistant  to  President— Lieut. -Col.  H.  F.  Miller. 
Editor     Chicago     Commerce — William     Hudson 

Harper:   managing  editor,  Joseph  M.  Sheahan. 
Traffic  Director— H.  C.  Barlow. 
Manager  Convention  Bureau — George  M.  Span- 

gler.   Jr. 
Foreign  Trade  Commissioner — H.  H.  Garver. 


762 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Industrial    unrest    prevailed    in    most    coun- 
tries   of    the   world   throughout    the    whole    of 


1919  to  an  extent  not  previously  known. 
There  were  many  causes  for  this  state  of 
affairs,  but  the  main  ones  were  these:  The 
general  dislocation  of  industry,  finance  and 
business  by  the  world  war  resulting  in  many 
inequalities  in  wages  and  conditions  of  work: 
the  high  cost  of  living  due  to  decreased 
production  and  increased  wages:  agitation  by 
communists  and  other  radical  elements  and 
the  spread  of  ideas  aiming  to  overthrow  the 
existing  economic  and  political  systems  and 
the  elevation  to  power  of  the  proletariat. 

It  is  impossible  in  the  space  available  to 
give  more  than  a  bare  outline  of  a  few  of 
the  more  serious  labor  difficulties  in  the  United 
States  or  to  make  more  than  a  mere  mention 
of  similar  troubles  in  other  lands.  At  the 
very  beginning  of  the  year  railroad  and  other 
strikes  were  in  progress  in  Argentina.  Peru 
and  Chile.  It  was  reported  from  Buenos  Aires 
alone  that  800  persons  had  been  killed  and 
6.000  injured  in  labor  riots. 

On  Jan.  21  a  strike  of  shipyard  workers  in 
Seattle.  Wash.,  and  vicinity  led  to  a  sympa- 
thetic strike  involving  55.000  workers  and 
causing  the  business  life  of  the  city  and  of 
Tacoma  as  well  to  come  almost  to  a  stand- 
still. It  was  in  connection  with  this  strike 
that  Ole  Hanson,  then  mayor  of  Seattle,  is- 
sued a  proclamation  that  made  him  famous. 
On  Feb.  7- he  told  the  people  that  the  time  had 
come  for  every  person  in  the  city  to  show  his 
Americanism.  "The  agitators  in  this  com- 
munity." he  said,  "shall  not  rule  its  affairs.' 
On  the  following  day  he  issued  a  statement 
which  was  also  widely  quoted.  "This."  he 
said,  "is  a  test  of  unionism  or  I.  W.  W.-ism. 
II  there  are  those  who  owe  higher  allegiance 
to  any  organization  than  they  do  to  this 
country,  they  are  traitors  and  should  be  treat- 
ed as  such.  That  is  all  there  is  to  it.  This 
is  a  time  for  union  men  to  stand  up  and  be 
counted.  This  is  a  time  when  every  Amer- 
ican must  forget  all  other  allegiances  and 
stand  by  the  government." 

In  February  and  March  Britain  faced  strikes 
or  threats  of  strikes  by  the  railroad,  mine  and 
transport  workers.  Earnest  efforts  by  the 
government  were  to  some  extent  successful 
in  preventing  a  serious  industrial  disaster  at 
this  time  and  also  during  the  following  months, 
though  strikes  were  numerous  enough  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland. 

WINNIPEG    STRIKE. 

Winnipeg.  Man.,  in  May  and  June  was  the 
scene  of  a  determined  strike  in  which  all  of 
the  local  unions  were  involved  and  in  which 
much  bitterness  of  feeling  developed.  The 
business  of  the  city  was  paralyzed  for  a 
month  or  more  and  order  was  maintained 


LABOR     TROUBLES     IN     1919. 

RAILROAD   STRIKES. 
Railroad    shopmen    in    the    Chicago    district 


and  some  other  points  went  on  a  strike  July 
30  without  the  sanction  of  their  own  officials 
for  an  increase  in  wages  to  85  cents  an  hpur. 
The  operations  of  several  of  the  western  iin«.:s 
were  handicapped  for  a  time  and  the  num- 
ber of  trains  had  to  be  materially  reduced. 
The  situation  was  getting  critical  when  Presi- 
dent Wilson  on  Aug.  7  notified  Director-Gen- 
eral Hines  of  the  railway  administration  to  in- 
form the  shopmen  that  until  they  again  rec- 
ognized the  authority  of  their  own  organiza- 
tion and  returned  to  work  the  whole  matter 
must  be  at  a  standstill.  A  vote  was  taken 
on  Aug.  14  and  on  Aug.  16  the  men  returned 
to  work. 

In  the  latter  part  of  July  the  four  principal 
brotherhoods  of  railroad  employes  pressed  de- 
mands for  higher  wages  upon  the  railroad  ad- 
ministration. They  also  urged  that  the  rail- 
roads be  turned  over  to  them  for  operation. 
President  Wilson  on  Aug.  1  asked  congress  to 
defer  its  proposed  recess  and  initiate  legisla- 
tion to  avert  a  series  of  strikes  by  the  rail- 
road employes.  He  suggested  through  Di- 
rector-General Hines  that  a  commission  be  cre- 
ated adequately  representing  both  the  public 
and  labor  to  pass  on  railroad  wage  problems. 
The  railroad  unions  on  Aug.  6  expressed  their 
disapproval  of  this  suggestion.  They  demanded 
the  enactment  of  legislation  in  conformity 
with  a  plan  put  forward  by  Glenn  E.  Plumb, 
a  Chicago  attorney.  In  substance  this  pro- 
vided that  the  government  purchase  the  rail- 
roads and  turn  them  over  at  a  nominal  rental 
to  a  body  called  the  National  Railways  ©perait- 
ing  corporation  to  manage  the  properties 
through  a  board  of  fifteen  directors,  five  rep- 
resenting the  classified  employes,  five  the  of- 
ficial employes  and  five  the  general  public, 
to  be  appointed  by  the  president  of  the  United 
States.  Hearings  were  had  and  attempts  were 
made  to  frame  a  measure  to  meet  the  situ- 
ation, but  without  success. 

Railroad  employes  in  England,  under  the 
leadership  of  James  Henry  Thomas,  began  a 
strike  Sept.  27  for  higher  wages.  It  was 
precipitated  somewhat  suddenly,  although 
negotiations  had  been  going  on  for  some  time 
with  the  government,  and  the  public  was  put 
to  great  inconvenience  and  loss.  Trucks,  au- 
tomobiles and  horse  drawn  vehicles  were  used 
extensively  and  were  able  to  meet  the  most 
pressing  demands  for  food  and  fuel  for  the 
time  being.  The  strike  lacked  populnr  sym- 
pathy and  it  resulted  in  a  virtual  defeat  for 
the  men,  although  the  government  consented 
to  continue  the  existing  rate  of  pay  for  a  year 
and  to  negotiate  for  a  new  wage  scale. 

Traffic  on  the  railroad  lines  in  southern 
California  was  tied  up  in  the  latter  part  of 
August  by  trainmen  who  acted  without  the 


and    the    public   utilities    kept    tcoing-    only    by  \  authority  of  their  own  officials.    The  men  re- 
the  municipal  authorities  swearing  in   a   large     turned   to   work   after   stern    admonition   from 


number  of  returned  soldiers.  The  general 
strike  was  called  off  June  26.  when  it  was 
agreed  to  leave  terms  of  settlement  of  the  orig- 
inal strike  to  a  government  commission. 

On  June  11  a  strike  of  all  the  members  of 
the  Commercial  Telegraphers'  Union  of  Amer- 
ica was  called  by  S.  J.  Konenkamp,  the  inter- 
national president,  and  a  few  operotors  in 
Omaha  and  other  cities  went  out.  The  order 
was  generally  disregarded  and  the  strike  ended 
quickly. 

LONDON  POLICEMEN   OUT. 

On  Aug.  1  London's  police  force  of  20,000 
men  went  out  on  a  strike  against  a  pro- 
posed law  prohibiting  policemen  from  affiliat- 
ing with  labor  unions  or  striking  under  any 
circumstances.  The  men  were  placated  and 
soon  returned  to  work. 


the   railroad   men    and    union    chiefs    that   any 
other  course   would  be  a   grave   mistake. 

ACTORS    QUIT    WORK. 

On  Aug.  7  many  of  the  theaters  in  New 
York  city  were  closed  by  a  strike  of  the  actors 
and  on  Aug.  12  a  similar  state  of  affairs  de- 
veloped in  Chicago.  The  strike  was  called  by 
the  Actors'  Equity  association  and  was  di- 
rected by  Francis  Wilson,  president  of  the 
organization.  The  main  reason  for  the  walk- 
out seemed  to  be  the  refusal  of  the  Producing 
Managers'  association  to  recognize  the  Equity 
association.  For  a  time  there  was  a  tangle 
which  dimmed  the  footlights  in  many  cities 
and  resulted  in  suits  and  threats  of  suits  for 
heavy  damages.  Heavy  losses  were  sustained 
both  by  the  managers  and  actors  and  finally 
a  compromise  was  reached  and  the  strike 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


753 


was  called  off  on  Sept.  6.  Augustus  Thomas, 
the  playwright,  acted  as  intermediary,  with 
the  result  that  the  actors  agreed  to  the  "open 
shop"  principle  and  all  the  other  differences 
were  adjusted.  Some  200  theaters  were  closed 
nearly  four  weeks  by  the  strike. 

In  New  York  city  the  employes  of  the  In- 
terboroug-h  company's  elevated  and  subway 
system  struck  for  an  increase  of  50  per  cent 
in  their  wages  and  tied  UP  the  lines  Aug.  16 
and  17  On  the  18th  the  men  accepted  an  in- 
crease 'of  25  per  ont  and  returned  to  work. 
The  car  lines  in  Louisville.  Ky..  were  tied  up 
temporarily  by  a  strike  on  Ai'T.  19. 

Three  companies  of  soldiers  were  sent  to 
Cudahy.  Wis..  Aug-.  19.  to  quell  rioting:  at 
the  Cudahy  Packing-  company's  plant.  In  the 
disturbance  one  man  was  killed  and  a  score 
were  injured. 

BOSTON  POLICE  STRIKE. 

Members  of  the  Boston  police  force  went  on 
strike  Sept.  9  because  the  police  department 
had  issued  an  order  prohibiting  the  formation 
of  a  police  union  and  affiliation  with  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor  and  because 
nineteen  policemen  had  been  suspended  for 
violating:  the  order.  Just  as  soon  as  the 
policemen  quit  work  noting  and  looting  be- 
gan It  was  estimated  that  within  twenty- 
lour  hours  there  was  a  property  loss  of  $300.- 
000.  A  few  of  the  police  remained  loyal,  but 
about  1.600  deserted  their  posts.  Efforts  were 
made  to  secure  protection  by  organizing  a 
volunteer  force  and  employing  the  metropolitan 
park  police,  but  it  soon  became  necessary  to 
call  out  the  entire  state  guard  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  to  hold  federal  troops  in  reserve. 
Collisions  between  the  troops  and  mobs  took 
place  and  a  number  of  persons  were  killed. 

Mayor  A  J  Peters  and  Gov.  Calvin  Cool  dge 
took  a  firm  'stand  against  making  any  com- 
promise with  the  strikers,  whose  action  was 
generally  condemned.  On  Sept.  11  in  Helena. 
Mont  President  Wilson  said:  "I  want  to  say 
this  that  a  strike  of  the  policemen  of  a 
great  city,  leaving  the  city  at  the  mercy  of 
an  army  of  thugs,  is  a  crime  against  civiliza- 
tion. In  my  judgment  the  obligation  of  a 
policeman  is  as  sacred  and  direct  as  t 
obligation  of  a  soldier.  He  is  a  public  serv- 
ant not  a  private  employe,  and  the  whole 
honor  of  the  community  is  in  his  hands 

No    concessions    were    made    to    the    strikers, 
whose   places   were   gradually    filled    with    new 
In   the  campaign   for  the  governorship 


of  Massachusetts  in  which  Calvin  Coolidge 
sought  re-election  the  maintenance  of  law  and 
orter  was  made  the  chief  issue  by  him  and 
on  Nov.  4  he  won  by  a  most  decisive  major- 
ity over  his  democratic  opponent,  who  look 
the  side  of  the  policemen. 

STANDARD    STEEL    CAR    STRIKE. 

On  July  18  3.000  men  employed  at  the  plant 
of  the  Standard  Steel  company  at  Hammond. 
Ind  .  struck  for  an  incre~.se  in  wages  and  for 
»  closed  shop.  The  strike  was  marked  by 
rioting  in  which  five  lives  were  lost  and 
seventy  persons  received  injuries,  the  most 
serious  clashes  occurring  on  Aug.  15  and 
Sept  9.  State  troops  were  called  out  and 
order  was  maintained  until  Oct.  29,  when  the 
car  company  granted  a  7  per  cent  increase 
In  wages  but  refused  to  grant  the  closed  shop 
principle.  The  strike  then  ended. 

NEW  YORK  PRINTING  TRADES  STRIKE. 

On  Oct  1  some  10.000  members  of  New 
York  city  printing  trades  unions  employed  in 
250  plants  from  which  are  issued  a  large 
number  of  magazines  and  trade  papers,  were 
forced  out  of  work  by  a  simultaneous  lockout 
and  strike.  The  action  followed  the  refusal 
of  the  employers  to  grant  a  forfy^our  hour 
week  and  a  weekly  increase  ci  $14  in  all 


wage  scales.  Under  an  agreement  with  the 
International  Typographical  union  the  forty- 
four  hour  week  was  to  become  effective  May 
1.  1921,  but  the  men  insisted  that  it  go  into 
effect  Oct.  1.  1919.  They  also  refused  an  offer 
of  a  wage  increase  of  $6  a  week.  The  issue 
of  the  leading  weekly  and  monthly  publications 
was  made  almost  impossible  in  the  majority  of 
cases.  Nov.  23  the  printers  voted  to  return 
to  work. 

CHICAGO  TRACTION  STRIKE. 
Employes  of  the  surface  and  elevated  car 
lines  in  Chicago  in  the  latter  part  of  July, 
while  the  city  was  in  the  midst  of  a  violent 
race  riot,  demanded  on  pain  of  a  strike  that 
they  be  given  an  eight  hour  day.  85  cents  an 
hour  wages,  time  and  a  half  for  overtime.  80 
per  cent  straight  runs  and  no  run  over  ten 
I  hours.  Negotiations,  in  which  the  officials  of  the 
companies,  the  officers  of  the  employes'  union 
and  Gov.  Frank  O.  Lowden  took  part,  resulted 
in  a  compromise  offer  by  the  car  lines  of  65 
cents  an  hour  for  men  receiving  48  cents  an 
hour,  and  a  17  cent  increase  for  all  other  em- 
ployes, an  eight  hour  day,  60  per  cent  of  all 
runs  to  be  straight  and  all  runs  to  be  com- 
pleted within  eight  hours.  This  was  for  the 
surface  line  employes.  The  elevated  road  men 
were  offered  67  cents  an  hour  for  those  re- 
ceiving 50  cents  and  a  17  cent  increase  for 
the  others,  an  eight  hour  day  with  time  and 
a  half  for  overtime.  70  per  cent  of  all  runs 
to  be  completed  in  eight  hours  and  all  runs 
to  be  completed  within  thirteen  hours.  The 
union  officials  accepted  the  offer,  but  the  men 
rejected  it  and  went  on  strike  at  4  a.  m., 
July  29. 

The  tieup  continued  until  5  a.  m..  Aug.  2. 
when  it  was  called  off  by  a  referendum  vote 
in  which  those  in  favor  of  accepting  the  com- 
promise carried  the  day  by  the  narrow  margin 
of  386  votes.  During  the  four  days  of  the 
strike  the  people  of  Chicago  doing  business  in 
the  downtown  district  or  at  points  distant 
from  their  residences  were  compelled  to  ride 
to  and  from  work  in  automobiles,  trucks,  taxi- 
cabs  and  other  motor  vehicles  and  naturally 
suffered  much  inconvenience  and  delay. 

The  result  of  the  strike  was  that  the  trac- 
tion companies  in  order  to  meet  the  expense 
put  upon  them  by  the  increase  in  wages  were 
empowered  by  the  state  utilities  commission 
to  charge  7  cent  fares  on  the  surface  line  and 
8  cents  on  the  elevated  roads.  The  higher 
fares  went  into  effect  Aug.  8. 

CARPENTERS'  STRIKE  IN  CHICAGO. 
Building  operations  in  Chicago  were  at  a 
complete  standstill  during  most  of  the  sum- 
mer and  early  fall  of  1919  owing  to  strike 
and  lockout  of  union  carpenters  and  other 
building  trades  men.  The  men  demanded  $1 
an  hour,  while  the  contractors  were  willing 
to  pay  only  92%  cents.  The  carpenters  won 
their  point  and  went  back  to  work  Sept.  22 
after  having  been  out  ten  weeks. 

STRIKE  IN  IRON  AND  STEEL  INDUSTRY. 
In  August  it  became  evident  that  the  em- 
ployes of  the  United  States  Steel  corporation 
and  affiliated  companies  were  determined  to 
strike  to  gain  what  they  called  their  twelve 
basic  demands  and  a  number  of  minor  ones. 
The  basic  demands  were: 

1.  Right  of  collective  bargaining. 

2.  Reinstatement   of    all   men  discharged   for 
union   activities  with  pay  for  time  lost. 

3.  The   eight  hour  day. 

4.  One  day's  rest  in  seven. 

5.  Abolition   of  twenty-four  hour  shifts. 

6.  Increases    in    wages    sufficient    to    guaran- 
tee American  standards  of  living. 

7.  Standard    scales    of    wages    for   all    crafts 
'and    classifications    of   workers. 


764 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


8.  Double  rates  of  pay  for  all  overtime  work 
and  for  work  on  Sundays  and  holidays. 

9.  Check     off    ;system     of     collecting-     union 
dues  and   assessment*. 

10.  Principles     of     seniority     to     apply     in 
maintaining,   reducing-  and  increasing   working 
forces. 

11.  Abolition   of   company  unions. 

12.  Abolition  of  physical  examination  of  ap- 
plicants for  employment. 

Twenty-four'  unions  in  the  steel  industry 
made  these  demands  through  W.  Z.  Foster, 
their  chief  spokesman.  They  made  efforts  to 
reach  E.  H.  Gary,  chairman  of  the  board  of 
the  United  States  Sieel  corporation,  but  he 
declined  to  enter  into  negotiations.  It  was 
claimed  that  less  than  one-half  of  the  em- 
ployes in  the  industry  were  union  men  and 
that  the  corporation  would  insist  on  main- 
taining the  open  shop  principle.  The  cause  of 
the  strikers  was  championed  by  John  Fitz- 
patrick  and  other  representatives  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor,  but  no  settle- 
ment was  reached  and  on  Sept.  10  a 
strike  was  called  for  Sept.  22.  President  Wil- 
son urged  a  postponement  of  the  strike  until 
after  an  industrial  conference  in  Washington, 
D.  C..  could  be  held.  The  steel  employes  re- 
jected his  suggestion  on  the  ground  that  they 
could  not  afford  to  wait  and  so  informed 
him  in  a  letter  made  public  Sept.  18. 

Further  efforts  to  come  to  an  understanding 
were  made,  but  without  avail,  and  on  Sept.  '20, 
two  days  before  the  time  set.  mary  of  the 
employes  in  the  Gary  (Ind.)  mills  of  the 
steel  corporation  walked  out.  The  same  ac- 
tion was  taken  the  next  day  at  Pittsburgh, 
Pa..  Youngstown,  O..  Indiana  Harbor.  Ind.. 
South  Chicago.  HI..  Joliet.  111.,  Milwaukee, 
Wis..  and  other  places.  However,  not  all  the 
men  went  out  and  many  of  the  mills  continued 
to  operate  partially.  The  union  chiefs  claimed 
that  327.000  men  had  ceased  work,  but  the 
figure  was  said  by  the  steel  officials  to  be 
much  too  high.  Disorders  occurred  early  in 
the  strike  at  Pittsburgh.  P,a.,  and  at  various 
other  points  in  the  east,  resulting  in  several 
death!. 

On  Sept.  23  the  United  States  senate  in- 
structed its  committee  on  labor  to  investigate 
the  strike  and  that  body  immediately  sum- 
moned before  it  E.  H.  Gary.  John  Fitzpatrick 
and  others.  They  appeared  and  testified,  but 
nothing  was  accomplished  and  the  strike  went 
on.  More  of  the  steel  mills  reopened  daily  and 
conflicts  became  more  numerous.  On  Oct.  4 
the  disturbances  in  Gary  and  Indiana  Harbor 
became  so  serious  that  eleven  companies  of 
state  troops  were  ordered  on  duty  there.  This 
was  not  deemed  sufficient  for  the  protection 
ol  the  men  desiring  to  work  and  on  Oct.  6 
Ma j. -Gen.  Leonard  Wood,  at  the  request  of 
Gov.  James  P.  Goodrich  of  Indiana,  placed 
Gary.  East  Chicago  and  Indiana  Harbor  un- 
der martial  law  and  called  in  4,000  federal 
troops  to  maintain  order.  This  move  was 
(successful.  The  unruly  elements  were  sub- 
dued and  no  more  rioting  occurred.  Many 
arrests  were  made  of  radicals,  among  them 
several  agents  of  the  Russian  bolsheviki  with 
large  quantities  of  "red"  propaganda.  By  Nov. 
1  the  union  officials  admitted  that  the  strike 
was  a  failure,  as  most  of  the  men  had  gone 
back  to  work. 

AMERICAN  MINERS'  STRIKE. 

In  November  the  industrial  unrest  in  the 
United  States  came  to  a  climax  with  a  gen- 
eral strike  of  the  miners.  On  Oct.  25  Presi- 
dent Wilson  issued  a  statement  in  which  he 
recounted  the  facts  leading  to  the  action  taken 
by  the  miners  and  his  reasons  for  disapprov- 
ing of  this  course.  The  statement  follows: 

"On  Sept.  23,  1919.  the  convention  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America  at  Cleve- 


land, O.,  adopted  a  proposal  declaring  that 
all  contracts  in  the  bituminous  field  shall  be 
declared  as  having  automatically  expired  Nov. 
1.  1919,  and  making  various  demands,  in- 
cluding a  60  per  cent  increase  in  wages  and 
the  adoption  of  a  six  hour  work  day  and  a 
five  day  week;  and  providing  that,  in  the 
event  a  satisfactory  wage  agreement  should 
not  be  secured  for  the  central  competitive 
field  before  Nov.  1.  1919,  the  national  of- 
ficials should  be  authorized  and  instructed  to 
call  a  general  strike  of  all  bituminous  miners 
and  mine  workers  throughout  the  United 
States,  effective  Nov.  1.  1919. 

"Pursuant  to  these  instructions,  the  officers 
of  the  organization  have  issued  a  call  to  make 
the  strike  effective  Nov.  1.  This  is  one  of  the 
gravest  steps  ever  proposed  in  this  country 
affecting  the  economic  welfare  and  the  do- 
mestic comfort  and  health  of  the  people. 

"It  is  proposed  to  abrogate  an  agreement  as 
to  wages  which  was  made  with  the  sanction 
of  the  United  States  fuel  administration  and 
which  was  to  run  during  the  continuance  of 
the  war.  but  not  beyond  April  1,  1920. 

"This  strike  is  proposed  at  a  time  when  the 
government  is  making  the  most  earnest  effort 
to  reduce  the  cost  of  living  and  has  appealed 
with  success  to  other  classes  of  workers  to 
postpone  similar  disputes  until  a  reasonable 
opportunity  has  been  afforded  for  dealing  with 
the  cost  of  living. 

"It  is  recognized  that  the  strike  would 
practically  shut  off  the  country's  supply  of  its 
principal  fuel  at  a  time  when  interference 
with  that  supply  is  calculated  to  create  a  dis- 
astrous fuel  famine.  All  interests  would  be 
affected  alike  by  a  strike  of  this  character, 
and  its  victims  would  be  not  the  rich  only 
but  the  poor  and  the  needy  as  well— those 
least  able  to  provide  in  advance  a  fuel  supply 
for  domestic  use. 

"It  would  involve  the  shutting  down  of 
countless  industries  and  the  throwing  out  of 
employment  of  a  large  part  of  the  workers 
of  the  country.  It  would  involve  stopping  the 
operation  of  railroads,  electric  light  and  gas 
plants,  street  railway  lines,  and  other  public 
utilities,  and  the  shipping  to  and  from  this 
country,  thus  preventing  our  giving  aid  to 
the  allied  countries  with  supplies  which  they 
so  seriously  need. 

"The  country  is  confronted  with  this  pros- 
pect at  a  time  when  the  war  itself  is  still 
a  fact,  when  the  world  is  still  in  suspense 
as  to  negotiations  for  peace,  when  our  troops 
are  still  being  transported  and  when  their 
means  of  transport  is  in  urgent  need  of  fuel. 
"From  whatever  angle  the  subject  may  be 
viewed,  it  is  apparent  that  such  a  strike  in 
such  circumstances  would  be  the  most  far- 
reaching  plan  ever  presented  in  this  country 
to  limit  the  facilities  of  production  and  dis- 
tribution of  a  necessity  of  life  and  thus  in- 
directly to  restrict  the  production  and  dis- 
tribution of  all  the  necessaries  of  life. 

"A  strike  under  these  circumstances  is  not 
only  unjustifiable,  it  is  unlawful. 

"The  action  proposed  has  apparently  been 
taken  without  any  vote  upon  the  specific 
proposition  by  the  individual  members  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America  throughout 
the  United  States,  an  almost  unprecedented 
proceeding. 

"I  cannot  believe  that  any  right  of  any 
American  worker  needs  for  its  protection  the 
taking  of  this  extraordinary  step,  and  I  am 
convinced  that  when  the  time  and  manner  are 
considered  it  constitutes  a  fundamental  at- 
tack, which  is  wrong  both  morally  and  le- 
gally, upon  the  rights  of  society  and  upon 
the  welfare  of  our  country. 

"I  feel  convinced  that  individual  members 
of  the  United  Mine  Workers  would  not  vote. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


755 


tipon  full  consideration,  in  favor  of  such  a 
strike  under  these  conditions. 

"When  a  movement  reaches  the  point  where 
it  appears  to  involve  practically  the  entire 
productive  capacity  of  the  country  with  re- 
spect to  one  of  the  most  vital  necessities  of 
daily  domestic  and  industrial  life,  and  when 
the  movement  is  asserted  in  the  circumstances 
I  have  stated,  and  at  a  time  and  in  a  manner 
calculated  to  involve  the  maximum  of  danger 
to  the  public  welfare  in  this  critical  hour  of 
our  country's  life,  the  public  interest  be'comes 
the  paramount  consideration. 

"In  these  circumstances  I  solemnly  request 
both  the  national  and  the  local  officers  and 
also  the  individual  members  of  the  United 
Mine  Workers  of  America  to  recall  all  orders 
looking1  to  a  strike  on  Nov.  1  and  to  take 
whatever  steps  may  be  necessary  to  prevent 
any  stoppage  of  work. 

"It  is  time  for  plain  speaking.  These  mat- 
ters with  which  we  now  deal  touch  not 
only  the  welfare  of  a  class  but  vitally  con- 
cern the  well-being,  the  comfort,  and  the  very 
life  of  all  the  people.  I  feel  it  my  duty  in 
the  public  interest  to  declare  that  any  at- 
tempt to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  this  strike 
and  thus  to  paralyze  the  industry  of  the 
country,  with  the  consequent  suffering  and 
distress  of  all  our  people,  must  be  considered 
a  grave  moral  and  legal  wrong  against  the 
government  and  the  people  of  the  United 
States. 

"I  can  do  nothing  less  than  to  say  that  the 
law  will  be  enforced  and  means  will  be  found 
to  protect  the  interests  of  the  nation  in  any 
emergency  that  may  arise  out  of  this  un- 
happy business. 

"I  express  no  opinion  on  the  merits  of  the 
controversy.  I  have  already  suggested  a  plan 
by  which  a  settlement  may  be  reached,  and 
I  hold  myself  in  readiness  at  the  request  of 
either  or  both  sides  to  appoint  at  once  a 
tribunal  to  investigate  all  the  facts  with  a 
view  to  aiding  in  the  earliest  possible  orderly 
settlement  of  the  questions  at  issue  between 
the  coal  operators  and  the  coal  miners,  to  the 
end  that  the  just  rights  not  only  of  those  in- 
terests but  also  of  the  general  public  may 
be  fully  protected." 

President  Wilson's  appeal  proved  of  little 
effect.  A  conference  of  executive  officers  of 
the  United  Mine  Workers  of  America  took 
place  in  Indianapolis,  Ind..  Oct.  29.  It  was 
decided  to  go  ahead  with  the  strike  and  on 
Nov.  1  nearly  all  the  mines  ceased  to 
operate.  Between  375.000  and  400.000  men 
quit  work.  This  was  in  the  face  of  the  fact 
that  Judge  A.  B.  Anderson  in  Indianapolis, 
Ind..  at  the  request  of  Attorney-General 
Palmer  in  Washington  had  issued  an  injunc- 
tion forbidding  the  union  officials  from  taking 
any  part  in  the  strike.  At  the  same  time  the 
war  orders  regarding  mining  and  the  trans- 
portation of  coal  were  put  back  in  force  by 
Fuel  Administrator  Garfield. 

On  Nov.  8  at  Indianapolis  Judge  Anderson 
issued  an  order  directed  to  the  officers  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America  to  rescind 
the  strike  order  of  Oct.  15.  This  was  done, 
but  work  was  not  generally  resumed  anywhere 
in  the  bituminous  field.  The  shortage  of 
coal  soon  made  itself  felt  and  some  of  the 
roads  had  to  cancel  the  less  important  trains 
and  reduce  the  equipment  of  others. 

INDUSTRIAL    CONFERENCE. 

In  August  it  became  known  that  President 
Wilson  had  in  mind  a  plan  for  a  conference 
between  representatives  of  employers  and  em- 
ployes in  industries  and  of  the  public.  His 
idea  was  to  develop  something  which  would 
result  in  greater  harmony  between  labor  and 


capital  and  in  some  kind  of  revolution  in 
the  wage  system.  This  was  announced  in 
his  labor  day  message  made  public  Aug.  31. 
In  September  the  conference  was  fixed  to  be 
held  in  Washington,  D.  C..  beginning  Oct.  6. 
On  Sept.  17  while  in  San  Francisco  the  presi- 
dent announced  the  names  of  twenty-two  men 
who  were  to  represent  the  public  at  the  con- 
ference. They  were  Bernard  M.  Baruch,  Robert 
S.  Brookings.  John  D.  Rockefeller,  Jr.,  Elbert 
H.  Gary,  Charles  W.  Eliot,  Charles  E.  Russell. 
John  Spargo.  O.  E.  Bradfute,  Ward  Burgess, 

F.  R.  Galloway.  Thos.  L.  Chadbourne,  Charles 

G.  Dawes,    H.    B.    Endicott,    Paul    L.    Fiess. 
Edwin  F.  Gray,   George  R.  James,  Thomas  D. 
Jones,    A.   L.   Landon,    E.   T.   Meredith,    Gavin 
McNab.    L.   D.    Sweet    and   Louis  Titus.      Not 
all    of    these    men    accepted    the    honor,    Mr. 
Dawes  being  one   of   those  who  declined. 

On  Sept.  22  Samuel  Gompers  announced  the 
names  of  fifteen  men  who  would  take  part 
in  the  conference.  They  were  besides  him- 
self J.  F.  Valentine.  Frank  Duffy.  W.  D. 
Mahon.  T.  A.  Rickert,  Jacob  Fischer.  Frank 
Morrison,  Daniel  J.  Tobin.  John  L.  Lewis. 
Sara  A.  Conboy.  William  H.  Johnston,  Paul 
Scharrenberg.  John  Donlin  and  M.  F.  Tighe. 

The  conference  began  on  the  date  fixed  with 
some  sixty-odd  delegates,  including  most 
of  those  named  above,  but  from  the  start  it 
was  apparent  that  an  agreement  of  any  kind 
was  quite  unlikely  and  that  no  new  or  ac- 
ceptable solution  of  the  conflict  between  cap- 
ital and  labor  would  be  found.  The  rock 
on  which  the  delegates  split  was  the  principle 
of  collective  bargaining.  This  resolution  waa 
brought  in  by  a  committee  of  fifteen: 

"The  right  of  wage  earners  to  organize  in 
trade  and  labor  unions,  to  bargain  collectively, 
to  be  represented  by  representatives  of  their 
own  choosing  in  negotiations  and  adjustments 
with  employers,  and  in  respect  to  wages,  hours 
of  labor,  and  rules  and  conditions  of  employ- 
ment, is  recognized. 

"This  must  not  be  understood  as  limiting1 
the  right  of  any  wage  earner  to  refrain  from 
joining  any  organization  or  to  deal  directly 
with  his  employer  if  he  chooses." 

In  opposition  to  this  the  employers'  group 
presented  the  following: 

"Resolved.  That,  without  in  any  way  lim- 
iting the  right  of  a  wage  earner  to  refrain 
from  joining  any  association  or  to  deal  di- 
rectly with  his  employer  as  he  chooses,  the 
right  of  wage  earners  in  private  as  dis- 
tinguished from  government  employment  to 
organize  in  trade  and  labor  unions,  in  shop 
industrial  councils,  or  other  lawful  form  of 
association,  to  bargain  collectively,  to  be  rep- 
resented by  representatives  of  their  own  choos- 
ing in  negotiations  and  adjustments  with  em- 
ployers in  respect  to  wages,  hours  of  labor,  and 
other  conditions  of  employment,  is  recognized: 
and  the  right  of  the  employer  to  deal  or  not 
to  deal  with  men  or  groups  of  men  who  are 
not  his  employes  and  chosen  by  and  from 
among  them  is  recognized:  no  denial  is  in- 
tended of  the  right  of  an  employer  and  his 
workers  voluntarily  to  agree  upon  the  form 
of  their  representative  relations." 

The  labor  resolution,  amended  so  as  to  leave 
out  any .  reference  to  trade  and  labor  unions, 
came  up  for  action  on  Oct.  22  when  the  em- 
ployers voted  against  it.  The  labor  delegates 
then,  led  by  Mr.  Gompers,  left  the  confer- 
ence in  spite  of  the  fact  that  on  the  same  day 
from  his  sick  room  President  Wilson  had  sent 
an  appeal  that  an  earnest  effort  be  made  to 
come  to  an  agreement.  Attempts  to  continue 
the  meeting  failed  and  on  Oct.  24  it  finally- 
ended. 

President  Wilson  on  Nov.  20  appointed  mem- 
bers of  a  new  industrial  conference  to  be  held 
in  Washington,  D.  C.,  beginning  Dec.  1. 


756 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


WORK    OF    SIXTY-SIXTH    CONGRESS— FIRST    SPECIAL    SESSION     (MAY    20-NOV.    19. 


On  May  7,  1919.  while  in  Paris.  France. 
President  Wilson  issued  a  call  for  a  special 
session  of  congress  to  begin  May  19.  The 
session  began  on  the  date  named.  Representa- 
tive Frederick  H.  Gillett  of  Massachusetts,  a 
republican,  was  elected  speaker  of  the  house 
and  Senator  Albert  B.  Cummins  of  Iowa,  re- 
publican, was  elected  president  pro  tempore 
of  the  senate.  Following  is  a  list  of  the 
more  important  measures  passed: 

An  act  to  prohibit  intoxicating  beverages, 
and  to  regulate  the  manufacture,  production, 
use  and  sale  of  high-proof  spirits  for  other 
than  beverage  purposes,  and  to  secure  an  am- 
ple supply  of  alcohol  and  promote  its  use  in 
scientific  research  and  in  the  development  of 
fuel,  dye  and  other  lawful  industries:  became 
a  law  without  the  president's  approval,  being 
passed  over  his  veto  Oct.  28. 

An  act  for  the  repeal  of  the  daylight-saving 
law:  vetoed  by  the  president  Aug.  15  but 
passed  over  his  veto  by  the  house  Aug.  19 
and  by  the  senate  Aug.  20. 

Joint  resolution  submitting  woman  suffrage 
amendment  to  the  federal  constitution:  passed 
house  May  21  and  senate  June  4.  (See  Wom- 
an Suffrage  in  this  volume.) 

Joint  resolution  tendering  the  thanks  of  the 
American  people  and  the  congress  of  the 
United  States  to  Gen.  John  J.  Pershing.  and 
to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  American  ex- 
peditionary force:  approved  Sept.  29.  1919. 

An  act  relating  to  the  creation  of  the  office 
of  general  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States; 
approved  Sept.  3.  1919. 

An  act  to  provide  the  necessary  commis- 
sioned personnel  for  the  army  until  June  30. 
1920:  approved  Sept.  17.  1919. 

Joint  resolution  authorizing  the  appointment 
of  an  ambassador  to  Belgium:  approved  Se.  t. 

29.  1919. 

An  act  to  incorporate  the  American  Legion; 
approved  Sept.  16.  1919. 

Joint  resolution  to  authorize  the  president 
to  convene  a  meeting  of  an  international  labor 
conference  in  Washington.  D.  C.:  approved 
Aug.  15.  1919. 

An  act  to  incorporate  'the  Near  East  Relief: 
approved  Aug.  6,  1919. 

An  act  to  repeal  the  joint  resolution  ap- 
proved July  16.  1918.  authorizing-  the  presi- 
dent to  take  over  the  telegraph,  telephone  and 
cable  lines  of  the  country;  approved  July  11. 
1919. 

An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
provide  further  for  the  national  security  and 
defense  by  encouraging  the  production,  con- 
serving the  supply  and  controlling  the  distri- 
bution of  food  products  and  fuel":  approved 
Oct.  22.  1919. 

An  act  to  amend  a.  act  of  congress  ap- 
proved March  12.  1914.  relating  to  the  con- 
struction and  operation  of  railroads  in  Alaska: 
became  a  law  without  the  president's  approval 
Oct.  17.  1919. 

An  act  to  penalize  persons  transporting 
stolen  automobiles  from  one  state  to  another: 
became  a  law  without  the  president's  approval 
Nov.  8.  1919. 

Appropriation  bills  were  passed  as  follows: 

For  owners  o<f  railroads  under  federal  con- 
trol. 8750,000,000:  approved  June  30,  1919. 

For  bureau  of  Indian  affairs;   approved  June 

30.  191  P 

For  the  support  of  the  naval  service:  ap- 
proved July  11,  1919. 

For  supplying  deficiencies:  approved  July 
11.  1919. 

For  District  of  Columbia  expenses:  approved 
July  11.  1919. 

For  the  support  of  the  army:  approved  July 
11.  1919. 

For  sxindry  civil  expenses:  approved  July 
19.  1919. 


For  the  department  of  agriculture;  approved 
July  24.  1919. 

NATIONAL   PROHIBITION   ACT. 

Following-  are  the  main  features  of  the  na- 
tional prohibition  act  which  was  vetoed  by 
President  Wilson  Oct.  27  but  was  passed  over 
his  veto  by  the  house  the  same  day  and  by 
the  senate  on  the  28th:  Title  I.  provides  for 
the  enforcement  of  war  prohibition.  The  first 
section  defines  the  words  "beer,  wine  or  other 
intoxicating  malt  and  vinous  liquors"  in  the 
war  prohibition  act  as  meaning  any  such  bev- 
erages which  contain  one-half  of  1  per  cent 
of  alcohol  by  volume.  The  second  section 
provides  for  the  arrest  and  prosecution  by  the 
commissioner  of  internal  revenue  of  persons 
violating  the  feet.  Section  3  defines  any 
room  or  other  place  where  intoxicating  liquor 
is  kept  for  sale  as  a  public  and  common  nui- 
sance and  the  keeper  thereof  subject  to  a  fine 
of  not  less  than  8100  nor  more  than  81.000 
and  to  imprisonment  of  from  thirty  days  to 
one  year,  or  both.  Sections  4  and  5  des- 
ignate the  methods  of  trying  and  punishing1 
violators  of  the  law.  Section  6  provides 
that  if  any  section  of  the  act  is  declared  in- 
valid the  other  sections  shall  continue  in  force 
and  section  7  declares  that  none  of  the 
provisions  of  the  act  shall  be  construed  to  re- 
1  sal  any  of  the  clauses  of  the  "war  prohibi- 
tion act." 

The  first  two  sections  of  Title  II.  of  the 
act  define  various  terms  used  in  Title  II.  and 
Title  III.  and  provide  for  the  prosecution  by 
the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  and  his 
assistants  of  violators  of  the  law.  Section* 
3  and  4  read: 

"Sec.  3.  No  person  shall  on  or  after  the 
date  when  the  eighteenth  amendment  to  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States  goes  into 
effect,  manufacture,  sell,  barter,  transport,  im- 
port, export,  deliver,  furnish  or  possess  any 
intoxicating  liquor  except  as  authorized  in  this 
act,  and  all  the  provisions  of  this  act  Khali 
be  liberally  construed  to  the  end  that  the  use 
of  intoxicating  liquor  as  a  beverage  may  be 
prevented.  Liquor  for  nonbeverage  purposes 
nnd  wine  for  sacramental  purposes  may  be 
manufactured,  purchased,  sold,  bartered,  trans- 
ported, imported,  exported,  delivered,  fur- 
nished and  possessed,  but  only  as  herein  pro- 
vided, and  the  commissioner  may.  upon  appli- 
cation, issue  permits  therefor:  Provided,  That 
nothing  in  this  act  shall  prohibit  the  purchase 
and  sale  of  warehouse  receipts  covering  dis- 
tilled spirits  on  d°posit  in  government  bonded 
warehouses,  and  no  special  tax  liability  shall 
rttach  to  the  business  of  purchasing  and  sell- 
ing such  warehouse  receipts. 

"Sec.  4.  The  articles  enumerated  in  this 
section  shall  not,  after  having  been  manufac- 
tured and  prepared  for  the  market,  be  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  this  act  if  they  corre- 
spond with  the  following  descriptions  and  lim- 
itations, namely : 

"(a)  Denatured  alcohol  or  denatured  rum 
produced  and  used  as  provided  by  laws  and 
regulations  now  or  hereafter  in  forc°. 

"(b)  Medicinal  preparations  manufactured 
in  accordance  with  formulas  prescribed  by  the 
United  States  Pharmaconrr-ia,  National  Formu- 
lary or  the  American  Institute  of  Homeonathy 
that  are  unfit  for  vse  for  beverage  purposes. 

"(c)  Patented,  patent  and  proprietary  med- 
icines that  are  unfit  for  use  for  beverage  pur- 


(d)  Toilet,  medicinal  and  antiseptic  prep- 
arations and  solutions  that  are  unfit  for  use 
for  beverage  purposes. 

"(e)  Flavoring  extracts  and  sirups  that  are 
unfit  for  use  as  a  beverage,  or  for  intoxicat- 
ing beverage  p\irposes. 

"(f)    Vinegar  and  preserved   sweet  cider. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


75; 


"A  person  who  manufactures  any  of  the  ar- 
ticles mentioned  in  this  section  may  purchase 
and  possess  liquor  for  that  purpose,  but  he 
shall  secure  permits  to  manufacture  such  ar- 
ticles and  to  purchase  such  liquor,  give  the 
bonds,  keep  the  records  and  make  the  re- 
ports specified  in  this  act  and  as  directed  by 
the  commissioner.  No  such  manufacturer 
shall  sell,  use  or  dispose  of  any  liquor  other- 
wise than  as  an  ingredient  of  the  articles  au- 
thorized to  be  manufactured  therefrom.  No 
more  alcohol  shall  be  used  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  any  extract,  sirup  or  the  articles 
named  in  paragraphs  b.  c  and  d  of  this  sec- 
tion which  may  be  used  for  beverage  purposes 
than  the  quantity  necessary  for  extraction  or 
solution  of  the  elements  contained  therein  and 
lor  t"he  preservation  of  the  article. 

"Any  person  who  shall  knowingly  sell  any 
of  the  articles  mentioned  in  paragraphs  a.  b. 
c  and  d  of  this  section  for  beverage  purposes, 
or  any  extract  or  sirup  for  intoxicating1  bever- 
agre  purposes,  or  who  shall  sell  any  of  the 
same  under  circumstances  from  which  the 
seller  might  reasonably  deduce  the  intention 
of  the  purchaser  to  use  them  for  such  pur- 
poses, or  shall  sell  any  beverage  containing1 
one-half  of  1  per  centum  or  more  of  alcohol 
by  volume  in  which,  any  extract,  sirup  or 
other  article  is  used  as  an  ingredient,  sh^ll  be 
subject  to  the  penalties  provided  in  section 
29  of  this  title.  If  the  commissioner  shall 
find,  after  notice  and  hen  ring  as  provided  for 
in  section  6  of  this  title,  that  any  person 
has  sold  any  flavoring'  extract,  sirup  or  bev- 
erage in  violation  of  this  paragraph,  he  shall 
notify  such  person,  and  any  known  principal 
lor  whom  the  sale  was  made,  to  desist  from 
selling-  such  article:  and  it  shall  thereupon  be 
unlawful  for  a  period  of  one  year  thereafter 
lor  any  person  so  notified  to  sell  any  such 
extract,  sirup  or  beverage  without  making-  an 
application  for.  giving  a  bond  and  obtaining1 
a  permit  so  to  do,  which  permit  may  be  issued 
upon  such  conditions  as  the  commissioner  may 
deem  necessary  to  prevent  such  illegal  srles. 
and  in  addition  the  commissioner  shall  require 
a  record  and  report  of  sales." 

Section  5  provides  for  the  cancellation  of 
permits  of  manufacturers  of  the  articles  men- 
tioned in  the  preceding1  section  who  violate  the 
requirements  of  the  law.  In  section  6  it  is 
provided  that  no  one  shall  m?nulacture.  sell, 
purchase,  transport  or  prescribe  any  liquor 
without  first  obtaining1  a  permit  from  the 
commissioner  so  to  do.  except  that  a  person 
may.  without  a  permit,  purchase  and  use 
liquor  for  medicinal  purposes  when  prescribed 
by  a  physician,  and  except  that  any  person 
who  in  the  opinion  of  the  commissioner  is 
conducting1  a  bona  fide  hospital  or  sanitarium 
engaged  in  the  treatment  of  persons  suffering 
from  alcoholism,  may  purchase  and  use,  in 
accordance  with  the  methods  in  use  in  such 
institution,  liquor  to  be  administered  to  the 
patients  of  such  institution  under  the  direction 
of  a  duly  qualified  physician. 

All  permits  to  manufacture,  prescribe,  sell 
or  transport  liquor  may  be  issued  for  one 
year,  and  shall  expire  on  the  31st  day  of  De- 
cember next  succeeding1  the  issuance  thereof. 
Permits  to  purchase  liquor  for  the  purpose  of 
manufacturing1  or  selling1  as  provided  in  this 
act  shall  not  be  in  force  to  exceed  ninety  days 
from  the  day  of  issuance.  A  permit  to  pur- 
chase liquor  for  any  other  purpose  shall  not 
be  in  force  to  exceed  thirty  days. 

Nothing1  in  this  title  shall  be  held  to  apply 
to  the  manufacture,  sale,  transportation,  im- 
portation, possession  or  distribution  of  wine 
for  sacramental  purposes  or  like  religious 
rites.  No  person  to  whom  a  permit  mny  be 
issued  to  manufacture,  transport,  import  or 
sell  wines  for  sacramental  purposes  or  like 
religious  rites  shall  sell,  barter,  exchange  or 


furnish  any  such  to  any  person  not  a  rabbi, 
minister  of  the  grospel.  priest  or  an  officer  duly 
authorized  for  the  purpose  by  any  church  or 
congregation,  nor  to  any  such  except  upon  an 
application  duly  subscribed  by  him,  which  ap- 
plication, authenticated  as  regulations  may 
prescribe,  shall  be  filed  and  preserved  by  the 
seller.  The  head  of  any  conference  or  diocese 
or  other  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  may  desig- 
nate any  rabbi,  minister  or  priest  to  super- 
vise the  manufacture  of  wine  to  be  used  for 
the  purposes  and  rites  in*  this  section  men- 
tioned.  and  the  person  so  designated  may.  in 
the  discretion  of  the  commissioner,  be  granted 
a  permit  to  supervise  such  manufacture. 

Section  7  provides  that  no  one  but  a  physi- 
cian holding1  a  permit  to  prescribe  liquor  shall 
issue  any  prescription  lor  liquor.  And  no 
physician  shall  prescribe  liquor  unless  after 
careful  physical  examination  of  the  person 
for  whose  use  such  prescription  is  sougrht.  01 
if  such  examination  is  found  impracticable, 
then  upon  the  best  information  obtainable.  h« 
in  g-ood  faith  believes  that  the  use  of,  such 
liquor  as  a  medicine  by  such  person  is  neces- 
sary and  will  afford  relief  to  him  from  some 
known  ailment.  Not  more  than  a  pint  oi 
spirituous  liquor  to  be  taken  internally  shall  be 
prescribed  for  use  by  the  same  person  within 
any  period  of  ten  drys  and  no  prescription 
shall  be  filled  more  than  once.  Every  pnysl. 
cian  who  issues  a  prescription  for  liquor  shall 
keep  a  record,  alphabetically  arranged  in  a 
book  prescribed  and  furnished  by  the  com* 
missioner.  which  shall  show  the  date  of  issue, 
amount  prescribed,  to  whom  issued,  the  pur^ 
pose  or  ailment  for  which  it  is  to  be  used 
and  directions  for  use.  stating1  the  amount  and 
frequency  of  the  dose. 

Section  8  designates  the  kind  of  blanks  to  be 
furnished  to  the  physicians  and  section  9  pro- 
vides for  the  investigation  of  violations  of 
the  conditions  under  which  permits  are  issued 
and  the  cancellation  of  such  permits  in  cases 
where  willful  violations  are  proved.  Sections 
10  and  11  provide  for  ths  keeping-  of  elaborate 
records  by  all  persons  manufacturing-,  selling 
or  transporting  liquor.  Section  12  prescribes 
the  kind  of  Intels  to  be  attached  to  all  qon- 
tainers  of  liquor.  Section  13  makes  it  the 
duty  of  every  carrier  to  make  a  record  at 
the  place  of  shipment  of  the  receipt  or  any 
liquor  transported.  Section  14  makes  it  un- 
lawful for  any  person  to  ship  liquor  without 
notifying-  the  carrier  of  the  tme  nature  there- 
of, while  sections  15  and  16  make  it  unlawful 
to  accept  shipments  known  to  be  falsely  de- 
scribed or  to  give  any  carrier  an  ordT  enabling: 
any  person  not  a  bona  fide  consignee  to  obtain 
such  liquor.  Sections  17  to  20.  inclusive,  pro- 
vide: 

"It  shall  be  unlawful  to  advertise  anywhere, 
or  by  any  means  or  method,  liquor,  or  the 
manufacture,  sale,  keeping1  for  sale  or  furnish- 
ing- of  the  same,  or  where,  how.  from  whom 
or  at  what  price  the  si; mo  m  y  ba  obtained. 
No  one  shall  permit  any  sign  or  billboard 
containing1  such  advertisement  to  remain 
upon  one's  premises.  But  nothing1  herein  shall 
prohibit  manufacturers  and  wholesale  drug-- 
gists holding-  permits  to  sell  liquor  from  fur- 
nishing1 price  lists,  with  description  of  liquor 
for  sale,  to  persons  permitted  to  purchase 
liquor,  or  from  advertising-  alcohol  in  business 
publications  or  trade  journals  circulating-  gen- 
erally among-  manufacturers  of  lawful  alco- 
holic perfumes,  toilet  preparations,  flavoring1 
extracts,  medicinal  preparations  and  like  arti- 
cles: Provided,  however.  That  nothing;  in  thit 
act  or  in  the  act  making  appropriations  for 
the  postoffice  department,  approved  March  3. 
1917  (Thirty-Ninth  Statutes  at  Darg-e.  Part  1. 
pag-e  1058.  et  seq.).  shall  apply  to  newspapers 
published  in  foreign  countries  when  mailed  to 
this  country. 


758 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


"It  shall  be  unlawful  to  advertise,  manufac- 
ture, sell  or  possess  for  sale  any  utensil,  con- 
trivance, machine,  preparatipn.  compound,  tab- 
let, substance,  formula,  direction  or  recipe 
advertised,  designed  or  intended  for  use  in 
the  unlawful  manufacture  of  intoxicating 
liquor. 

"No  person  shall  solicit  or  receive,  nor 
knowingly  permit  his  employe  to  solicit  or  re- 
ceive, from  any  person  any  order  for  liquor  or 
give  any  information  of  how  liquor  may  be 
obtained  in  violation  of  this  act. 

"Any  person  wno.  shall  be  injured  in  per- 
son, property,  means  of  support  or  otherwise 
by  any  intoxicated  person,  or  by  reason  of  the 
intoxication  of  any  person,  whether  resulting 
in  his  death  or  not.  shall  have  a  right  of  ac- 
tion against  any  person  who  shall,  by  unlaw- 
fully selling  to  or  unlawfully  assisting  in  pro- 
curing liquor  for  such  intoxicated  person,  have 
caused  or  contributed  to  such  intoxication, 
and  in  any  such  action  such  person  shall  have 
a  right  to  recover  actual  and  exemplary 
damages." 

Section  21  declares  that  all  places  where  in- 
toxicating liquor  is  manufactured,  sold  or  kept 
in  violation  of  the  law  to  be  a  common  nui- 
sance and  subject  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than 
$1,000  and  imprisonment  ot  not  more  than 
one  year,  or  both.  Section  22  provides  for  is- 
suing injunctions  against  the  nuisance  de- 
scribed and  section  23  provides  that  carrying 
around  liquor  on  the  person  or  by  a  vehicle 
of  any  kind  to  be  subject  to  the  same  abate- 
ment by  injunction.  It  is  provided  in  section 
24  that  violations  of  injunctions  may  be  sum- 
marily punished  for  contempt  of  court.  Sec- 
tion 25  provides: 

"It  shall  be  unlawful  to  have  or  possess 
any  liquor  or  property  designed  for  the  manu- 
facture of  liquor  intended  for  use  in  violating 
this  title  or  which  has  been  so  used,  and  no 
property  rights  shall  exist  in  any  such  liquor 
or  property.  A  ssarch  warrant  may  be  issued 
as  provided  in  title  XI.  of  public  law  num- 
bered 24  of  the  65th  congress,  approved  June 
15,  1917,  and  such  liquor,  the  containers  there- 
of, and  such  property  so  seized  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  such  disposition  as  the  court  may  make 
thereof.  If  it  is  found  that  such  liquor  or 
property  was  so  unlawfully  held  or  possessed, 
or  had  been  so  unlawfully  used,  the  liquor 
and  all  property  designed  for  the  unlawful 
manufacture  of  liquor  shall  be  destroyed  un- 
less the  court  shall  otherwise  order.  No  search 
warrant  shall  issue  to  search  any  private  dwell- 
ing occupied  as  such  unless  it  is  being  used, 
for  the  unlawful  sale  of  intoxicating  liquor, 
or  unless  it  is  in  part  used  for  some  business 
purpose  such  as  a  store,  shop,  saloon,  restau- 
rant, hotel  or  boarding  house.  The  term 
'private  dwelling1  shall  be  construed  to  in- 
clude the  room  or  rooms  used  and  occupied 
not  transiently  but  solely  as  a  residence  in  an 
apartment  house,  hotel  or  boarding  house. 
The  property  seized  on  any  such  warrant  shall 
not  be  taken  from  the  officer  seizing  the  same 
on  any  writ  of  replevin  or  other  like  process." 

Section  26  provides  for  the  seizure  and 
destruction  of  liquor  being  unlawfully  trans- 
ported in  any  wagon,  buggy,  automobile,  water 
or  air  craft  or  any  other  vehicle.  In  section 
27  it  is  provided  that  seized  liquors  may  be 
sold  by  the  government  to  persons  having  the 
right  to  buy  them  for  permissible  uses.  Sec- 
tion 28  confers  upon  the  commissioner  of  in- 
ternal revenue  and  his  assistants  and  all  other 
officers  of  the  United  States  whose  duty  it  is 
to  enforce  criminal  laws  power  to  enforce  this 
act. 

In  section  29  it  is  provided  that  any  person 
who  manufactures  or  sells  liquor  in  violation 
of  this  title  shall  for  a  first  offense  be  fined 
not  more  than  81,000,  or  imprisoned  not  ex- 
ceding  six  months,  and  for  a  second  or  sub- 


sequent offense  shall  be  fined  not  less  than 
$200  nor  more  than  $2.000  and  be  imprisoned 
not  less  than  one  month  nor  more  than  five 
years.  Any  person  violating  the  provisions  of 
any  permit,  or  who  makes  any  false  record, 
report  or  affidavit  required  by  this  title,  or 
violates  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  title, 
for  which  offense  a  special  penalty  is  not  pre- 
scribed, shall  be  fined  for  a  first  offense  not 
more  than  $500;  for  a  Second  offense  not  less 
than  $100  nor  more  than  $1,000,  or  be  im- 
prisoned not  more  than  ninety  days;  for  any 
subsequent  offense  he  shall  be  fined  not  less 
than  $500  and  be  imprisoned  not  less  than 
three  months  nor  more  than  two  years. 

Sections  30,  31  and  32  deal  with  certain 
legal  phases  of  prosecutions  for  violations  of 
the  prohibition  act.  Section  33  provides: 

"After  Feb.  1,  1920,  the  possession  of 
liquors  by  any-  person  not  legally  permitted 
under  this  title  to  possess  liquor  shall  be 
prima  facie  evidence  that  such  liquor  is  kept 
for  the  purpose  of  being  sold,  bartered,  ex- 
changed, given  away,  furnished  or  otherwise 
disposed  of  in  violation  of  the  provisions  of 
this  title.  Every  person  legally  permitted  un- 
der this  title  to  have  liquor  shall  report  to 
the  commissioner  within  ten  days  after  the 
date  when  the  eighteenth  amendment  of  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States  goes  into 
effect,  the  kind  and  amount  of  intoxicating 
liquors  in  his  possession.  But  it  shall  not  be 
unlawful  to  possess  liquors  in  one's  private 
dwelling  while  the  same  is  occupied  and  used 
by  him  as  his  dwelling  only  and  such  liquor 
need  not  be  reported,  provided  such  liquors 
are  for  use  only  for  the  personal  consumption 
of  the  owner  thereof  and  his  family  residing 
in  such  dwelling  and  of  his  bona  flda  guests 
when  entertained  by  him  therein;  and  the 
burden  of  proof  shall  be  upon  the  possessor 
in  any  action  concerning  the  same  to  prove 
that  such  liquor  was  lawfully  acquired,  pos- 
sessed and  used." 

The  remaining  sections  of  title  II.  (34^8 
inclusive)  deal  mainly  with  administrative 
features  of  the  law.  The  sum  of  $2,100,000 
is  appropriated  for  the  enforcement  of  the  law 
by  the  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  and 
the  department  of  justice  during  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1920. 

Title  in.  concerns  industrial  alcohol. 

Reasons  for  Veto. 

In  returning  the  act  without  his  approval 
President  Wilson,  after  quoting  the  title  of 
the  act,  said: 

"The  subject  matter  treated  in  this  measure 
deals  with  two  distinct  phases  of  prohibition 
legislation.  One  part  of  the  act  under  con- 
sideration seeks  to  enforce  war  time  prohi- 
bition. The  other  provides  for  the  enforce- 
ment which  was  made  necessary  by  the  adop- 
tion of  the  constitutional  amendment.  I  ob- 
ject to  and  cannot  approve  that  part  of  this 
legislation  with  reference  to  war  time  prohioi- 
tion. 

"It  has  to  do  with  the  enforcement  of  an 
act  which  was  passed  by  reason  of  the  emer- 
gencies of  the  war  and  whose  objects  have 
been  satisfied  in  the  demobilization  of  the 
army  and  navy  and  whosa  repeal  I  have 
already  sought  at  the  hands  of  congress. 
Where  the  purposes  of  particular  legislatipn 
arising  out  of  war  emergency  have  been  satis- 
fied, sound  public  policy  makes  clear  the 
reason  and  necessity  for  repeal. 

"It  will  not  be  difficult  for  congress  in  con- 
sidering this  important  matter  to  separate 
these  two  questions  and  effectively  to  legis- 
late regarding  them,  making  the  proper  dis- 
tinction between  temporary  causes  which 
arose  out  of  the  war  time  emergencies  and 
those  like  the  constitutional  amendment  of 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


769 


prohibition,   which  is   now   part   of  the   funda- 
mental law  of  the  country. 

"In  all  matters  having-  to  do  with  the 
personal  habits  and  customs  of  large  num- 
bers of  our  people  we  must  be  certain  that 
the  established  processes  of  legal  chang-e  are 
followed.  In  no  other  way  can  the  salutary 
object  sought  to  be  accomplished  by  great 
reforms  of  this  character  be  made  satisfactory 
and  permanent." 

The  house  passed  the  measure  over  the  veto 
by  a  vote  of    176   to   55   and  the   senate  took 
the  same  action  by  a  vote  of  65  to  20. 
DAYLIGHT-SAVING     LAW     REPEALED. 

In  response  to  demands  from  the  farming: 
sections  of  the  country  the  senate  and  house 
on  June  18  voted  for  a  rider  to  the  agri- 
cultural appropriation  bill  repealing  the  day- 
light-saving law.  President  Wilson  vetoed  the 
agricultural  bill  on  account  of  the  rider,  hold- 
ing that  the  repeal  of  the  daylight-saving  act 
would  involve  a  serious  economic  loss.  The 
agricultural  bill  was  then  passed  by  both 
houses  without  the  rider  and  a  separate  meas- 
ure repealing  the  daylight-saving  act  was 
passed  by  the  house  and  senate.  President  Wil- 
son on  Aug.  15  again  vetoed  the  measure,  but 
it  was  passed  over  his  veto  by  the  house  Aug. 
19  and  by  the  senate  Aug.  20.  The  act  as 
passed  reads: 

"That  section  3  of  the  act  entitled  'An  act 
to  save  daylight  and  to  provide  standard  time 
for  the  United  States,'  approved  March  19, 
1918,  is  hereby  repealed,  effective  on  the  last 
Sunday  of  October,  1919,  after  the  approval 
of  this  act,  when  by  the  retarding  of  one 
hour  the  standard  time  of  each  zone  shall  be 
returned  to  and  thereafter  be  the  mean  astro- 
nomical time  of  the  degree  of  longitude  gov- 
erning each  zone  as  defined  in  section  1  of 
said  act.  approved  March  19,  1918." 

THANKS  TO  GEN.  JOHN  J.  PERSHING. 

Resolved,  etc..  That  the  thanks  of  the  Amer- 
ican people  and  of  the  congress  of  the  United 
States  are  due,  and  are  hereby  tendered,  to 
Gen.  John  J.  Pershing  for  his  highly  distin- 
guished services  as  commander  in  chief  of  the 
American  expeditionary  forces  in  Europe  and 
to  the  officers  and  men  under  his  command 
for  their  unwavering  devotion  and  heroic 
valor  throughout  the  war.  (Approved  Sept. 
29,  1919.) 

OFFICE  OF  GENERAL  CREATED. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  the  office  of  gen- 
eral of  the  armies  of  the  United  States  is 
hereby  revived,  and  the  president  is  hereby 
authorized,  in  his  discretion  and  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  to  ap- 
point to  said  office  a  general  officer  of  the 
army  who,  on  foreign  soil  and  during  the 
recent  war,  has  been  especially  distinguished 
in  the  higher  command  of  military  forces  of 
the  United  States;  and  the  officer  appointed 
under  the  foregoing  authorization  shall  have 
the  pay  prescribed  by  section  24  of  the  act 
of  congress  approved  Ju!y  15,  1870,  and  such 
allowances  as  the  president  shall  deem  appro- 
priate; and  any  provision  of  existing  law  that 
would  enable  any  other  officer  of  the  army  to 
take  rank  and  precedence  over  said  officer  is 
hereby  repealed:  Provided,  That  no  more  than 
one  appointment  to  office  shall  be  made  under 
the  terms  of  this  act.  (Approved  Sept.  3. 
1919.) 

COMMISSIONED  PERSONNEL  OF  ARMY. 
Until  June  30,  1920,  the  secretary  of  war 
is  authorized  to  maintain  such  commissioned 
personnel  in  addition  to  the  officers  of  the 
permanent  establishment  and  to  retain  at 
their  temporary  grades  such  officers  of  the 
regular  army  as  in  his  judgment  may  be  nec- 
essary for  the  pr9per  performance  of  the 
functions  of  the  military  establishment.  Ad- 


ditional officers  so  maintained  shall  be  se- 
lected, so  far  as  practicable,  from  officers  and 
enlisted  men  who  served  during  the  emergency 
and  are  applicants  for  appointments  in  the 
permaiient  establishment.  After  Oct.  31 

119.  the  tptal  number  of  commissioned  of- 
ficers exclusive  of  retired  officers  and  disabled 
emergency  officers  awaiting  discharge  upon 
completion  of  treatment  for  physical  recon- 
struction shall  at  no  time  exceed  18,000  No 
officer  on  the  active  list  shall  be  detailed  for 
recruiting  service  or  for  duty  at  schools  and 
colleges,  not  including  schools  of  the  service 
where  officers  on  the  retired  list  can  be  2- 
cured  who  are  competent  for  such  duty 
Hereafter  officers  retired  for  physical  disability 
shall  not  form  part  of  the  limited  retired  list 
One  thousand  two  hundred  emergency  officers 
shall  be  assigned  to  the  air  service,  of  whom 
not  less  than  85  per  cent  shall  be  duly  quali- 
fied flyers.  (Approved  Sept.  17,  1919  ) 
AMBASSADOR  TO  BELGIUM. 

Resolved,  etc..  That  the  president  be  author- 
T?  •*  to  appoint  as  the  representative  of  the 
u,mieV  .states  an  ambassador  to  the  kingdom 
of  Belgium  who  shall  receive  as  compensation 

SptSU29.  191*9 })'  °  ***  annUm'  <APProve<l 
INTERNATIONAL  LABOR  CONFERENCE 
Resolved,  etc..  That  the  president  of  the 
United  States  be  authorized  to  convene  and 
to  make  arrangements  for  the  organization  of 
»  ^eneral  international  labor  conference,  to 
be  held  in  Washington,  D.  C.:  Provided  how- 
ever. That  nothing  herein  shall  be  held  to 
authorize  the  president  to  appoint  any  dele- 
gate to  represent  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
T?a-*al  <?uch  conference  or  to  authorize  the 
United  States  of  America  to  participate  therein 
unless  and  until  the  senate  shall  have  rati- 
fied the  provisions  of  the  proposed  treaty  of 
peace  with  Germany  with  reference  to  a  gen- 
eral international  labor  conference.  (Approved 

RETURN   OF   TELEGRAPH  LINES. 

The  act  of  congress  approved  July  16,  1918 
authorizing  the  president  in  time  of  war  to 
take  possession  of  the  telegraph,  telephone 
cable  and  radio  systems  of  the  country  is  re- 
pealed to  take  effect  at  midnight  on  the  last 
day  of  the  calendar  month  in  which  the  act 
is  approved.  The  rates  or  tolls  fixed  by  the 
postmaster-general  to  continue  in  force  for 
four  months  unless  sooner  modified  by  state 
or  other  authorities  or  voluntarily  reduced. 
Ihe  president  is  directed  to  return  the  prop- 
erties taken  over  to  their  respective  owners 
(Approved  July  11,  1919.) 

ACT  AGAINST  PROFITEERING. 

Section  1  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
provide  further  for  the  national  security  and 
defense  by  encouraging  the  production,  con- 
serving the  supply,  and  controlling  the  distri- 
bution of  food  products  and  fuel,"  approved 
Aug.  10,  1917,  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as 
follows: 

"That  by  reason  of  the  existence  of  a  state 
of  war,  it  is  essential  to  the  national  se- 
curity and  defense,  for  the  successful  prose- 
cution of  the  war  and  for  the  support  and 
maintenance  of  the  army  and  navy,  to  assure 
an,  adequate  supply  and  equitable  distribution, 
and  to  facilitate  the  movement  of  foods  feeds 
wearing  apparel,  containers  primarily  designed! 
or  intended  for  containing  foods,  feeds  or 
fertilizers,  fuel,  including  fuel  oil  and  nat- 
ural gas,  and  fertilizer  and  fertilizer  ingre- 
dients, tools,  utensils,  implements,  machinery 
and  equipment  required  for  the  actual  produc- 
tion of  foods,  feeds  and  fuel,  hereafter  in 
this  act  called  necessaries;  to  prevent,  locally 
or  generally,  scarcity,  monopolization,  hoard- 


760 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


ingr,  injurious  speculation,  manipulation  and 
private  controls  affecting-  such  supply,  distri- 
bution and  movement;  and  to  establish  and 
maintain  governmental  control  of  such  neces- 
saries during;  the  war.  For  such  purposes  the 
instrumentalities,  means,  methods,  powers, 
authorities,  duties,  obligations  and  prohibi- 
tions hereinafter  set  forth  are  created,  estab- 
lished, conferred  and  prescribed.  The  presi- 
dent is  authorized  to  make  such  regulations 
and  to  issue  such  orders  as  are  essential 
-effectively  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this 
act." 

Section  4  of  such  act  of  Aug.  10,  1917.  is 
hereby  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"That  it  is  hereby  made  unlawful  for  any 
person  willfully  to  destroy  any  necessaries  for 
the  purpose  of  enhancing  the  price  or  restrict- 
ing the  supply  thereof;  knowingly  to  commit 
waste  or  willfully  to  permit  preventable  de- 
terioration of  any  necessaries  in  or  in  connec- 
tion with  their  production,  manufacture  or 
distribution;  to  hoard  any  necessaries;  to 
monopolize  or  attempt  to  monopolize,  either 
locally  or  generally,  any  necessaries;  to  engage 
in  any  discriminatory  and  unfair,  or  any  de- 
<»ptive  or  wasteful  practice  or  device,  or  to 
make  any  unjust  or  unreasonable  rate  or 
charge  in  handling  or  dealing  in  or  with  any 
necessaries:  to  conspire,  combine,  agree  or 
arrange  with  any  other  person,  (a)  to  limit 
the  facilities  for  transporting,  producing,  har- 
vesting1, manufacturing,  supplying1,  storing1  or 
dealing  in  any  necessaries;  (b)  to  restrict  the 
supply  of  any  necessaries;  (c)  to  restrict  dis- 
tribution of  any  necessaries;  (d)  to  prevent, 
limit  or  lessen  the  manufacture  or  production 
of  any  necessaries  in  order  to  enhance  the 
price  thereof;  or  (e)  to  exact  excessive  prices 
for  any  necessaries,  or  to  aid  or  abet  the 
doing  of  any  act  made  unlawful  by  this  sec- 
tion. Any  person  violating  any  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  upon  conviction  thereof 
•shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $5.000  or  be  im- 
prisoned for  not  more  than  two  years,  or 
both:  Provided,  That  this  section  shall  not 
apply  to  any  farmer,  gardener,  horticulturist, 
vineyardist.  planter,  ranchman,  dairyman, 
stockman  or  other  agriculturist,  with  respect 
to  the  farm  products  produced  or  raised  upon 
land  owned,  leased  or  cultivated  by  him: 
Provided  further.  That  nothing  in  this  act 
shall  be  construed  to  forbid  or  make  un- 
lawful collective  bargaining  by  any  co-oper- 
ative association  or  other  association  of  farm- 
ers, dairymen,  gardeners  or  other  producers 
of  farm  products  with  respect  to  the  farm 
products  produced  or  raised  by  its  members 
upon  land  owned,  leased  or  cultivated  by 
them." 

NATIONAL  MOTOR  VEHICLE  THEFT  ACT. 

The  law  is  entitled  "An  act  to  punish  the 
transportation  of  stolen  motor  vehicles  in  in- 
terstate or  foreign  commerce."  As  used  in 
the  act  the  term  "motor  vehicle"  includes  an 
automobile.  automobile  truck.  automobile 
wagon,  motorcycle  or  any  other  self-propelled 
vehicle  not  designed  for  running1  on  rails. 

The  term  "interstate  or  foreign  commerce" 
includes  transportation  from  one  state,  terri- 
tory or  the  District  of  Columbia  to  another 
state,  territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia, 
or  to  a  foreign  country  or  from  a  f9reign 
country  to  any  state,  territory  or  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

Whoever  shall  transport  or  cause  to  be 
tram  ported  in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce 
a  motor  vehicle,  knowing  the  same  to  have 


been  stolen,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of 
not  more  than  $5.000  or  by  imprisonment  of 
not  more  than  five  years,  or  both.  Whoever 
shall  receive,  conceal,  store,  barter,  sell  or 
dispose  of  any  motor  vehicle,  moving  as  or 
which  is  a  part  of  or  which  constitutes  inter- 
state or  foreign  commerce,  knowing  the  same 
to  have  been  stolen,  shall  be  punished  by  a 
fine  of  not  more  than  $5,000  or  by  imprison- 
ment of  not  more  than  five  veal's,  or  both. 
Any  person  violating  the  act  may  be  punished 
in  any  district  in  or  through  which  such  mo- 
tor vehicle  has  been  transported  or  removed 
by  such  offender. 

(The  act  was  received  by  the  president  Oct. 
17.  1919.  but  owing  to  his  illness  was  not 
signed  by  him  and  thus  became  a  law  with- 
out his  approval.) 

ALASKAN  RAILROADS. 
In  order  to  complete  on  or  before  Dec.  31. 
1922,  the  construction  and  equipment  of  the 
railroad  between  Seward  and  Fairbanks,  Alas- 
ka: together  with  necessary  sidings,  spurs 
and  lateral  branches,  the  additional  sum  of 
$17.000.000  is  authorized  to  be  appropriated, 
to  be  immediately  and  continuously  available 
until  expended.  Became  a  law  Oct.  17.  1919. 
without  the  president's  approval. 

RAILROAD  DEFICIENCY. 
To  supply  a  deficiency  in  the  appropriation 
for  carrying  out  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
provide  for  the  operation  of  transportation 
systems  while  under  federal  control,  for  the 
just  compensation  of  their  owners,  and  for 
other  purposes."  approved  March  21,  1918. 
there  is  appropriated  $750,000.000.  which 
shall  be  in  addition  to  the  appropriation  of 
$500,000,000  made  in  section  6  of  said  act. 
and  shall  be  subject  in  all  respects  to  the 
same  authority  for  and  restriction  of  ex- 
penditure as  the  said  $500,000,000.  (Ap- 
proved June  30,  1919.) 

NAVAL  APPROPRIATION  ACT. 

The  naval  appropriation  act  provides  that 
the  total  authorized  enlisted  strength  of  the 
active  list  of  the  navy  shall  be  temporarily 
increased  from  131,485  during  the  period 
from  July  1,  1919,  to  Sept.  30.  1919,  to  241.- 
000  men,  and  from  Oct.  1,  1919,  to  Dec.  31, 
1919,  to  191.000  men,  and  from  Jan.  1,  1920. 
to  June  30,  1920,  to  170.000  men.  The  presi- 
dent is  authorized,  whenever  in  his  judg'- 
ment  a  sufficient  national  emergency  exists, 
to  increase  the  authorized  enlisted  strength 
of  the  navy  to  191,000  men,  and  the  secre- 
tary of  the  navy  is  authorized  to  call  to  or 
continue  on  active  service  on  strictly  naval 
duties,  with  their  consent,  such  numbers  of 
the  male  members  and  nurses  of  the  naval 
reserve  force  in  enlisted  ratings  as  may  be 
necessary  to  supply  deficiencies  to  maintain 
the  total  authorized  strength  for  the  periods 
herein  authorized.  The  act  appropriates  $25.- 
000.000  for  aviation  purposes.  No  increase 
in  the  navy  is  authorized,  but  limits  of  the 
cost  of  the  ships  provided  for  in  the  preceding 
appropriation  act  are  increased  substantially. 
ARMY  APPROPRIATION  ACT. 

The  army  appropriation  act  appropriates 
$25,000,000  for  aviation  purposes;  $20,300,- 
000  for  pay  of  officers  of  the  line;  $19.429,- 
367  for  pay  of  officers  of  the  staff  corps  and 
departments;  $92.7°8.230  for  pay  of  enlisted 
men  of  the  line  and  $48.162.500  for  pay  of 
enlisted  men  of  the  staff  corps  and  depart- 
ments. 


NUMBER    OF    THE   STARS. 

According  to  the  best  astronomers  the  num-  |  number  visible  through  the  telescope  has  been 
ber  of  stars  that  can  be  seen  by  a  person  of  estimated  by  J.  E.  Gore  at  70.000.000  and  by 
average  eyesight  is  only  about  7.000.  The  I  Profs.  Newcomb  and  Young  at  100.000.000. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


761 


INTERNATIONAL  TRADE  CONFERENCE. 

Beginning-   on    Oct.    20,    and   ending:  Oct.    25.    Commander    Arselio    Baroni.    president    of    the 


1919.  an  important  international  trade  confer- 
ence was  held-  at  Atlantic  City.  N.  J.  It  was 
summoned  on  the  initiative  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  of  the  Uni.ed  States  and  was  at- 
tended not  only  by  leading-  business  men  of 
America  but  by  some  of  the  best  known 
manufacturers.  fin?nciers,  engineers  and  econ- 
omists &L  the  allied  countries  of  Europe. 
France.  Great  Britain.  Italy  and  Belgium  were 
represented  by  the  following-  missions: 

FRANCE. 
Eugene    Schneider,    president    of    the    mission, 

head  of   the  Creusot  Iron  and  Steel  works. 
Alexander   Louis   Albert    Tinnan.    councilor   of 
state   and  delegate   of   the   ministry   of   com- 
merce. 
Baron  du   Marais.    vice-president   and  director 

of  the  Credit  Lyqnnaise. 
Andre   Homberg,    vice-president    of    the   Society 

Generale. 
Pellerin    de    La    Touche.    president    of    Com 

pagnie  Generale  Transatlantique. 
M.   Wadding-ton,   representing-   textiles  and  raw 

materials. 
M.     Roche,    representing    the    chemical    Indus 

tries. 

Julin   Potin.    representing  the   food   interests. 
M.   Godet.   representing-  the  Paris  chamber  of 

commerce. 
Commandant    Varaigne.    chief    of    the    French 

mission  to  American  interests  in  Paris. 
Francois  Poncet.  delegate  of  the  French  metal 

lurgists. 

M.    Pesson    Didion,    mining-    engineer    and    rep- 
resentative of  the  metallurgist  and  electrica" 
syndicate. 
M.  Dolleans.  professor  of  political  economy  at 

the  University  of  Dijon 
M.   Parmentier.   civil  engineer  representing1  the 

minister   of   public   works   and   commerce. 
M.  Loizeau,   official  of  the  Credit  Lyonnaise. 
M.  Collin.  chief  engineer  of  the  Creusot  Iron 

and  Steel  works. 
M.   de  Freminville,   consulting:  engineer  of  the 

Creusot  works. 
M.    Mazot.    general    secretary    of    the    French 

high  commission  in  New  York. 
M.   Boyer,   director  of   service  at  the  Bank  of 

Paris. 
Pierre  Lehideux.   secretary  of  the  mission. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Sir  Arthur   Shirley    Benn,    M.   P.,   chairman. 
Hon.    J.    G.    Jenkins.     formf>~    Australian    pre- 
mier,   representing-   the   London   chamber   of 
commerce. 

Marshall  Stevens.  M.  P.,  founder  of  the  Man- 
chester ship  canal. 
Baillie   John    King,    chairman   of   the   National 

Lig-ht   Casting's    association.    Glasgow. 
Frank  Moore,  Leicest?r. 

George  Berkes.  r«^'-*tant  s^o^tary  of  the  Fed- 
eration of  British  Industries,  London,  and 
Lieut.  Jarratt.  M^nchestc-r,  secretaries. 

ITALY. 

F.   Quartieri.   president  of  the  mission. 
Commander    Prof.     Bernardo    Attolico,    Italian 

minister  plenipotentiary. 

Commander    Luigi    Quartieri.    president    of    the 
Italian   Corporation    for   Chemical   Industries. 
Commander  Engineer  Luigi  Luiggi.  member  of 
the    state   council    of   public   works   and   pro- 


fessor at  the  University   of  Rome 
Commander    P"of.     Vitto-i0 


presi- 


dent of  the  Venice  chamber  of  commerce. 

Comrrnnder  Gionrvo  My);i"?.  pr^siden  of  the 
Italian  Master  Cotton  Spinners  and  Weavers' 
association. 

Commander  Domenico  Gidoni,  representing-  the 
minister  of  the  treasury. 

Commander  Pietro  Giovanni  Lazzerini  secre- 
tary g-eneral  o*f  thp  minion 

Chevalier  Giovanni  Fummi,  stockbroker. 


Italian    Union   for   the    Manufacture    of    Ex- 
plosives. 

Commander  Dr.   Augnsto   Jaccarino,    represent- 
ing the  Bank  of  Naples. 
Chevalier    Gaetano    Biasutti,    representing-    the 

Banca   Italiana   di    Sconto. 
Dr.  Ildo  Marchisio.  representing1  the  Banca  di 

Roma. 
Chevalier    Guido    Pedrazzini.    representing-    the 

Banca  Commerciale  Italiana. 
Chevalier  Felice  Bava,  representing-  the  Credito- 

It.-iliana. 
Marquis  T.  Theodoli.   Mario  Luiggi,   engineer: 

Arturo     Anzani,      expert      accountant;      Sig. 

Antonio  Agresti,  secretaries. 
BELGIUM. 
Florimond  Hankar,  representing-  National  Bank 

of    Belgium. 
M.   Canon-Legrand,   president   of   the   chamber 

of   commerce.   Mons,   consulting-  engineer. 
Albert    Neve,    departmental    director.    Ougree- 

Marihaye  works,  Liege. 
Albert    E.    Janssen,    director    of    the    National 

Bank.    Belgium,    and    Professor    of    the    Uni- 
versity  of    Louvain. 
Alexandra    de    Groote.    vice-president    of    the 

Antwerp  chamber  of  commerce. 
Prof.  Paul  Van  den  Ven,  University  of  Louvain. 
AMERICAN  REPRESENTATIVES. 

Among-  the  Americans  promoting-  or  taking- 
part  in  the  conference  were  Thomas  W.  La- 
mont,  Edward  A.  Filene.  Edward  G.  Miner.  A. 
C.  Bedford,  James  S.  Alexander.  Charles  H^ 
M^eDowell,  Frank  S.  Peabody.  Theodore  F. 
Whitmarsh.  E.  A.  S.  Clarke.  W.  C.  Teagle,  P. 
A.  S.  Franklin.  John  R.  Munn  and  Harry  A. 
Wheeler. 

Japan  was  not  represented  because  the  con- 
ference \fras  called  primarily  for  meeting  the 
needs  of  devastated  Europe. 

RESULTS  OF  CONFERENCE. 

It  was  felt  by  those  attending-  that  the  con- 
ference was  successful  in  promoting  the 
friendship  of  the  countries  represented  and  in. 
establishing  trade  relations  between  America 
and  Europe  that  would  not  only  assist  in 
rehabilitating  devastated  Europe  bu*  would  go 
a  long  way  toward  establishing  world  peace 
on  a  firm  basis.  The  situation  in  Europe  was 
graphically  described  by  M.  Schneider  of  the 
French  mission  when  he  said: 

"At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  each  nation 
was  like  a  vast  firm  whose  cellars  and  stores 
contained  stocks  accumulated  by  former  gen- 
erations. At  the  present  time  cellars  and 
stores  are  well-nigh  empty.  We  used  all  our 
tocks  ?nd  for  a  sp;'ce  of  four  years  we  pro- 
duced only  to  destroy.  Never  have  the  wants 
of  Europe  been  greater  nor  her  resources  more 
Fl^ven  roon'hs  after  the  armistice, 
eleven  months  after  our  victory,  we  are  poor, 
weak,  crushed  under  an  enormous  debt:  our 
Copulations  are  too  scantily  fed:  rationing-  is 
still  in  force:  the  cost  of  living-  continues  to 
rise  at  a  more  rapid  rate  even  tlvn  wages  or 
salaries:  many  a  home  is  not  even  assured  of 
ts  daily  bread." 

Representatives    of    the    forHg-n    missions   set 
orth   the   needs  of  th'nr  conntri?1*   ;n   the  way 
of    fuel,    food,     shipping-,    raw    materials    and 
inancial  assistance,  while  the  representatives    of 
American   interests    told   just   what   they   could. 
do    to    meet    these   n«pds.      The    matter   of   ex- 
>hange   was    also   discussed   and    it   w;>s  g-ener- 
lly   agreed   that    only    an   equalization    of   im- 
>orts  and  exports   would  have  a  fnvorable  ef- 
ect.      The  matter  of  long  time   credits   which 
were  asked   for  especially  by  France  ,-nd  Ifly 
as  considered,  but  no  decision  was  arrived  at. 
Tiis  was   also   true   of   a   proposition    to   raise 
money  by  a  big  popular  loan  in  America. 


762 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


PA 

F 

General  Offi 
Commander-in-Chief  —  Ja 
N.  Y.    (Died  Nov.  1, 
Senior  Vice-Comma  ndei 
Columbus.    O.      (Succ 
commander-in-chief  .  ) 
Junior     Vice-Commande 
Wilson.  Los  Angeles, 
Chaplain-in-Chief—  W.  "V 
Surgeon-General  —  Steph 

Offic 
Adjutant-General—  Isido 
N.  Y. 
Quartermaster-General— 
Ellicott  square,   Buffa 
Judge-Advocate  Genera 
Indianapolis,   Ind. 
Inspector-General  —  Jam< 
IS.  J. 
National  Patriotic  Inst 
Madison.  Wis. 
Assistant    Adjutant-Ger 
man,  Des  Moines.  Io\\ 
Assistant  Quartermaste 
,  of  Records—  J.  Henry 
Hall,  Philadelphia.  P. 
Chief  of  Staff  —  George  i 
Senior    Aid    de    Camp- 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 
Headquarters—  Columbu 
Membership 
Dec.   33 
Depts.        Members. 
Alabama    ....             58 
Arizona    .....             75 
Arkansas    ....           124 
Col.  and  Wyo       2,614 
Cal.   and  Nev       4,850 
Connecticut    .       1,640 
Delaware    ....           259 
Florida                       634 

IRIOTIC    SOCIETIES   O 

GRAND    ARMY   OI 
irst  post  organized  at  D« 
-ers,    1919-1920. 
mes  D.  Bell.   Brooklyn, 
1919.) 
-in-Chief—  Dan  M.  Hall. 
eedsx  James    D.    Bell    as 

r-in-Chief  —  Charles    B. 
Cal. 
V.  Zist.  Cedar  Falls,  la. 
an   I.   Brown,  Knox,  Ind. 
ial  Staff. 
re    Isaacs.    New    York, 

-Cola  D.  R.  Stowits.  877 
lo,   N.  Y. 
I—  William  A.  Ketcham, 

js    C.    Taylor.    Newark, 
ructor—  Hosea  W.  Rood, 

eral  —  Georg-e    A.    New- 
a. 
r-General  and  Custodian 
Holcomb,  Independence 
i. 
\..  Hosley.  Boston.  Mass. 
-Thomas    J.    McConkey, 

s,  0. 
by  Departments. 
.   1918. 
Depts.           Members. 
N.    Hampshire     2,107 
New  Jersey....      2,019 
New  Mexico...           92 
New  York  10,976 
North  Dakota.         164 
Ohio                      11  453 

F   THE   UNITED    STAT 

1   THE   REPUBLIC, 
•catur.  111.,  April  6,  186f 
Death  Ratt 
No.      Pet. 
1888  4,433    1.18 
1889  4.696    1.33 

ES. 

i. 
by  Years. 
No.      Pet. 
1904     9  029    3.60 

1905*   .   ...9.152    3.90 
1905t   .   ...9,205    3.90 
1906.         ..9.052    3.83 
1907.         .10,242    4.45 
1908.         .10.124    4.59 
1909.         .11,030    5.00 
1910.         .   9.151    4.49 
1911.         .11.594    5.07 
1912.         .11.338    6.28 
1913.         .11.187    6.53 
1914.         .11.434    7.16 
1915.         .11.856    7.95 
1916.         .11.430    8.04 
1917.         .11.553    9.55 
1918.         .   9.798     8.01 
By  a  new  rule  the  sta- 
yer the  calendar  year. 
?    and    Commanders-in- 
e1. 
A..  Hurlbut.  Illinois, 
in  A.  Logan,  Illinois. 
A.  Logan,  Illinois, 
n  A.  Logan,  Illinois, 
irnside,  Rhode  Island. 
Burnside,  Rhode  Island. 
Devens,   Jr.,   Massachu- 

Devens,   Jr.,    Massachu- 

irtranft.  Pennsylvania. 
F.    Hartranft.   Pennsyl- 

Robinson.  New  York. 
Robinson,  New  York. 
Earnshaw.   Ohio. 
5  Wagner,  Pennsylvania. 
S.    Merrill,    Massachu- 

ndervoort,  Nebraska, 
ath,  Pennsylvania, 
n  S.  Kountz,  Ohio. 
S.  Burdette.  Washinff- 

j.  Fairchild,   Wisconsin. 
3.  Rea.  Minnesota, 
lliam  Warner.  Missouri, 
ell  A.  Alger,  Michigan, 
eazy,  Vermont, 
mer.  New  York. 
G.   Weissert.   Wisconsin. 
T.  B.  Adams.  Massachu- 

Lawler,  Illinois. 
Walker,  Indiana, 
larkson.  Nebraska. 
Gobin.  Pennsylvania. 
?  A.  Sexton,  Illinois, 
ert  D.  Shaw,  New  York. 
ssieur,  Missouri, 
arrance,  Minnesota. 
Stewart,  Pennsylvania. 
C.  Black,  Illinois, 
ackmar,  Massachusetts. 
Tanner,      Washington, 

ert  B.  Brown,  Ohio. 
3  G.  Burton,  Missouri. 
Nevius.  New  Jersey. 
J.  R.  Van  Sant,  Minne- 

E.  Gilman.   Massachu- 
;    H.  M.   Trimble,    Illi- 
1.;    A.    B.    Beers,    Con- 
n.;  W.  Gardner.  Michi- 
avid  J.  Palmer.  Iowa. 

1890  ..    ..    5,476    1.33 

1891  5.965    1.46 
1892              6  404    1  61 

1893  7.002    1.78 

1894  7.283    2.97 
1895              7  368    2  06 

1896  7.293    2.21 

1897     .    ..    7515    235 

1898              8  383    2  41 

1899  7.994    2.78 

1900  7.790    2.80 
1901              8  166    3  02 

1902  8.299    3.08 
1903              8  366    3  22 

*June  30.     tDec.  31. 
tistics  were  made  to  co 
National   Encampment, 
Chi 
1866—  Indianapolis:  S. 
1868—  Philadelphia:  Jol 
1869—  Cincinnati:   John 
1870—  Washington:  Joh 
1871—  Boston—  A.  E.  Bv 
1872—  Cleveland:  A.  E. 
1873—  New   Haven:   C. 
setts. 
1874—  Harrisburg;    C. 
setts. 
1875—  Chicago:  J.  F.  H 
1876—  Philadelphia:   J. 

1877—  Providence:  J.  C. 
1878—  Springfield:  J.  C. 
1879—  Albany;   William 
1880—  Dayton,  O.:  Loui 
1881—  Indianapolis:    G. 
setts. 
1882—  Baltimore:  P.  V= 
1883—  Denver;  R.  B.  Be 
1884  —  Minneapolis:  Joh 
1885—  Portland,  Me.:  S 
ton. 
1886—  San  Francisco:  I 
1887    St    Louis-  John  1 

Oklahoma    *979 
Oregon                    1  768 

Ga.  and  S.  C..         125 
Idaho    398 

Pennsylvania..    10,980 
Potomac         .  .         863 

Illinois              .      8  380 

Rhode  Island..         722 
South  Dakota.         672 
Tennessee    ....         498 
Texas                           244 

Indiana    6620 

Iowa           •             6  201 

Kansas    ...            5  664 

1888—  Columbus,  O.:  W 
1889—  Milwaukee:   Russ 
1890—  Boston:   W.  G.   V 
1891—  Detroit:  John  Pa 
1892—  Washington:   A. 
1893—  Indianapolis;  J.  < 
setts. 
1894—  Pittsburgh:  T.  G 
1895—  Louisville:  I.  N. 
1896—  St.  Paul;  T.  S.  C 
1897_BUffalo:   J.  P.  S. 
1898—  Cincinnati:  James 
1899—  Philadelphia:  Alt 
1900—  Chicago:  Leo  Ra 
1901—  Cleveland:   Ell  T 
1902—  Washington:  T.  J 
1903—  San  Francisco:  J 
1904—  Boston:  W.  W.  Bl 
1905  —  Denver:      James 
D.  C. 
1906—  Minneapolis:  Rot 
1907  —  Saratoga:  Charles 
1908—  Toledo:  Henry  M 
1909—  Salt  Lake  City;  f 
sota. 
1910—  Atlantic  City;  J. 
setts. 
1911—  Rochester.   N.  Y. 
nois. 
1912—  Los    Angeles.    Ca 
necticut. 
1913—  Chattanooga,  Ten 
gan. 
1914—  Detroit.  Mich.:  D 

Kentucky     .  .  .           604 
La.  and  Miss          211 
Maine     2.016 
Maryland    ...             882 
Massachusetts       6,597 
Michigan    ...         5.115 
Minnesota  ..         2,254 
Missouri   ....         3,054 
Montana  281 
Nebraska  ...         2.456 
Membership 
1879  44.752 
1880...               .    60634 

Utah   ........            189 

Vermont  1  272 

Va.  and  N.  C.         277 
Wash..  Alaska      2,260 
West  Virginia.         647 
Wisconsin    3.382 

Total    110357 

Total    number 
posts  4704 

t?  by  Years. 
1900  276,662 
1901                     ^69  507 

1881  85  856 

1902  263.745 
1903  256  510 

1882...            ..134,701 

1883  215,446 

1904  246  261 

1884                ..   273  168 

1905*                   23'?  455 

1885                     294  787 

1905t                   235  8°3 

1886  323  571 

1906..   ..             229  932 

1887                     355  916 

1907                     225  157 

1888  372.960 

1908  220  600 

1889  397  774 

1909  213.901 
1910                     °03  410 

1890                     409  489 

1891  407781 

1911  191  346 

1892  399  880 

1912                     180  227 

1893  397,223 
1894                     369  083 

1913  171,335 
1914                     159  773 

1895  357  639 

3915  149,074 
1916  135.931 
1917                     120  916 

1896  340,610 
1897                     319  456 

1898  305  603 

1918  110,357 

1899  287,981 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB    1920. 


763 


1915— Washing-ton,    D.    C.;    Elias    R.    Monfort, 

Ohio. 
1916— Kansas  City,  Mo.;  William  J.  Patterson, 

Pennsylvania. 
1917— Boston.  Mass.;  Orlando  A.  Somers.  Indi- 

1918— Portland.     Ore.:     Clarendon    E.    Adams, 

Omaha,  Neb. 
1919— Columbus.  O.:  James  D.  Bell,  Brooklyn, 

N.  Y. 

SONS  OF  VETERANS,  U.  S.  A. 
National  Officers.    1919-1920. 

Commander-in-Chief— Harry  D.  Sisson.  Pitta- 
field.  Mass. 

Senior  Vice-Commander-in-Chief  —  Frank  Mc- 
Crillis,  Portland.  Ore. 

Junior  Vice-Commander-in-Chief— F.  J.  Wal- 
thers,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 

Council-in-Chief  —  E.  H.  Milham,  St.  Paul, 
Minn.:  R.  J.  Williams.  Columbus.  O. 

Secretary  (holdover) — Horace  H.  Hammer,  Co- 
lonial building-,  Reading,  Pa. 

Treasurer  (holdover)— J.  L.  Rake.  Reading1,  Pa. 

Chief   of  Staff— Edwin  M.  Amies.  Altoona,  Pa. 

National  Patriotic  Instructor— F.  P.  Corrick, 
Lincoln,  Neb.. 

National  Chaplain— Rev.  J.  Kirkwood  Craig1, 
Suncook,  N.  H. 

National  Counselor  — W.  F.  Alcorn,  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

DAUGHTERS  OF    VETERANS. 
National    Officers,    1919-1920. 

President — Mrs.  Clara  G.  Yengling,  Cleveland,  O. 

Senior  Vice-President—Mrs.  Nellie  M.  Good- 
man. Roxbury,  Mass. 

Junior  Vice-President—Mrs.  Lola  S.  Elliott, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Treasurer— Miss  Ida  Durant,  Casper,  Wyo. 

Chaplain — Mrs.  Blanche  Anderson,  Colorado 
Springs.  Col. 

Secretary— Mrs.  Hallie  L.  Everts,  507  The  Ar- 
cade. Cleveland,  O. 

Patriotic  Instructor— Mrs.  Claire  Parker,  Min- 
neapolis, Minn. 

Inspector— Mrs.  Bertie  White.  New  York.  N.  Y. 


WOMAN'S   RELIEF    CORPS. 

Orgranized  in  Denver.   Col.,  July,   1883. 

National    Officers,    1919-1920. 

National    President— Mrs.    Abbie    Lynch.    1430 

Sheffield  street,  north  side.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
National  Senior  Vice-President— Mattie  E.  Lear. 

Columbus,  O. 
National  Junior  Vice-President—Jennie  B.  Hill, 

Fargo,    N.   D. 
National  Secretary— Eliza  Brown,  Daggett,  At- 

tleboro.  Mass. 
National    Treasurer— Mrs.    Estella    E.    Plopper. 

Iowa  Falls,   Iowa. 
National    Chaplain — Ida    L.    Jarvis,    Pasadena, 

Cal. 
National  Counselor— Mary  L.   Carr.  Longmont, 

Cal. 
National    Inspector— Julia    E.    Killam.    Denver, 

Col. 
National    Instituting1    and    Installing-    Officer — 

Laura  W.  Willow,  Johnsonburg-,   Pa. 
National   Patriotic   Instructor — Maude   Whedon 

Smith.    Winterset.    Iowa. 
National  Press  Correspondent— Mary  M.  North, 

Herndon.    Va. 
National  Senior  Aid — Ag-nes  H.  Parker,  Boston, 

Mass. 
National    Headquarters— 1430    Sheffield    street, 

north  side.   Pittsburgh.   Pn. 

The  organization  has  thirty-eig-ht  depart- 
ments, comprising-  2.474  corps,  with  a  total 
membership  of  173,286. 


NATIONAL   DAUGHTERS  OF   THE   G.  A.  R. 

National    Officers,    1919-1D20.          • 

Commander-in-Chief — Grace  T.  Armstrong-,  De- 
troit. Mich. 

Senior  Vice-Commander-in-Chief  —  Bonnie  L. 
Parke.  Detroit,  Mich. 

Junior  Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Sarah  Vance 
Chicago.  111. 

Quartermaster-General— Mrs.  Ruth  Young,  Bat- 
tle Creek.  Mich. 

Chaplain-General — Catherine  Dunham.  Jack- 
son. Mich. 

Counselor-General — Mrs.  Delia  E.  Larson,  Mad- 
ison. Wis. 

Patriotic  Instructor— Allie  Leichtweihs,  Racine. 
Wis. 

Officer  of  the  Day— Miss  Edith  Aspinwall.  Cov- 
ington.  O. 

Officer  of  the  Guard— Dayse  W.  Dungan,  Jack- 
spn.  O. 

Adjutant-General— Mrs.  Helen  R.  Kellogg, 
Highland  Park.  Mich. 

Sentinel— Laura,  Menze,   Racine,    Wis. 

Historian— Nellie  Martin  Grimes,  Braintree, 
Mass. 


LADIES    OF    THE    GRAND  'ARMY   OF    THE 

REPUBLIC. 
Organized  in. Chicago.  September,  1886. 

National    Officers,    1919-1920. 
President— Mrs.   Lillian   Clark   Cary.    82   Booth 

street.  Dubuque,  Iowa. 

Senior     Vice-President—Mrs.      Cora      Rowling- 
Dayton.  O. 
Junior     Vice-President—Mrs.     Rose     Renehan, 

Port   Chester.    N.   Y. 
Treasurer— Mrs.  Jennie  E.  Troxell.    Allentown, 

Pa. 
Secretary— Mrs.    Grace    A.    Seebers,    Waterloo. 

Iowa. 

Counselor— Mrs.  Rose  Houghton,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Chaplain— Mrs.  Mayme  Merrick.  Camden.  N  J 
Inspector— Mrs.  Anna  DeLacey  Peel,  Hot 

Springs.  Ark. 
Registrar— Mrs.   Elvira  T.  Veasey.   677  Dudley 

street,   Dorchester,  Mass. 


ARMY   NURSES   OF   THE   CIVIL  WAR. 

National    Officers,    1919-1920. 
President— Mrs.   Alice   Carey  Risley.   Columbia, 

Counselor— Mrs.  Clarissa  F.  Dyer.  Germantown 
Pa. 

Department  President  and  Historian  —  Mrs 
Helen  Brainard  Cole.  Sheboygan  Falls  Wis' 

Treasurer— Mrs.  Salome  Myers  Stewart.  Gettys- 
burg, Pa. 

Senior  Vice-President—Mrs.  Emily  Alder,  Cla- 
rion. Iowa. 

Junior  Vice-President— Lucretia  Davis  Wash- 
ington. D.  C. 

Conductor— Mrs.  Allie  Bailley,  Sacramento,  Cal 

Guard— Mrs.  Rosa  G.  Russell.  Vicksburg,  Miss." 

UNITED  SPANISH  WAR  VETERANS. 

National    Officers. 
Commander-in-Chief— William  Jones,  4380  Oar 

penter  avenue.   New  York.  N.  Y 
Senior  Vice-Commander-in-Chief— J.  K.  Wither- 

spoon.   Seattle,    Wash. 
Junior    Vice-Commander-in-Chief— L.    M.    Laf- 

ferty.    Council   Bluffs,    Iowa. 
Adjutant-General— P.      Samuel      Rigney,      New 

Quartermaster-General—James    S.    Long,    New 
Surgeon-General—Leon  Hyde,   M.  D.,   Portland. 

Chaplain-in-Chief— Rev.    Charles    S.    Vail     Los 

Angeles.    Cal. 
National      Headquarters — Room     7     titv     h*ll 

New  York.  N.  Y. 


764 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  OF  UNION  EX- 

PRlSOis^RS  Of  WAR. 

Commander— Gen.  Harry  White.  Indiana.  Pa 
Senior    Vice-Commander  —  Daniel     M.     Wilder. 

Junior      Vice-Commander—Silas     G.      Burdick. 

Chaplain— Hasley   Lathrop.   Cincinnati.    O. 
Adjutant-General    and    Quartermaster— Col..  J. 
D    Walker,    room   505   City-County  building. 

Pittsburgh.  Pa.        

MILITARY  ORDER  OF  THE  LOYAL  LEGION 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Instituted  1865. 

General    Officers. 

Commander-in-Chief  —  Lieut.-Gen.     Nelson     A. 

Senior  '  Vice-Commander-in-Chief  —  Acting  As- 
sistant Paymasier  Henry  M.  Rogers,  U.  S.  N. 

Junior  Vice-Commandsr-in-Chief — Bvt.  Maj. 
Henry  L.  Swords.  U.  S.  V. 

Recorder-in-Chief— Bvt.  Lieut.-Col.  John  P. 
Nicholson.  U.  S.  V. 

Reg-istrar-in-Chief— First     Lieut.      Thomas     H. 

TreasureY-in-Chief— Lieut.-Col.   George  V.  Lau- 

Chancellof-in-Chief— Bvt.  Capt.  John  O.  Foering. 
U  S  V. 

Council-in-Chief— Lieut.  Joseph  '  H.  Janney. 
U  S  V  :  First  Lieut,  and  Adjt.  Lewis  H. 
Chamberlin.  U.  S.  V.;  Bvt.  Lieut.-Col.  W.  S. 
Cogswell.  U.  S.  V.:  Bvt.  Maj.  Frank  J. 
Jones.  U.  S.  V.;  Brig.-Gen.  Edward  S.  God- 
frey. U.  S.  A. 

Commanderies. 

California— Capt.  Benjamin  B.  Tuttle.  U.  S. 
V..  commander:  Bvt.  Col.  William  C.  Alber- 
ger.  U.  S.  V..  recorder. 

Colorado— Companion  Edward  A.  Bishop,  com- 
mander: Lieut.  William  H.  Conley.  U.  S.  V.. 

District  of  Columbia— Rsar- Admiral  George  W. 
Baird,  U.  S.  N.,  commander;  Lieut.  Thomas 
H.  McKee.  U.  S.  V..  recorder. 

Illinois— First  Lieut.  John  Young.  U.  S.  V.. 
commander;  Lieut.-Col.  George  V.  Lauman, 
U.  S.  V.,  recorder. 

Indiana-Capt.  Henry  N.  Canfield,  U.  S.  V.. 
commander;  Lieut.  Alexander  M.  Scott,  U.  S. 
V..  recorder. 

Iowa— Lieut.  Charles  W.  Fracker,  U.  S.  V., 
commander:  Capt.  Elbridge  D.  Hadley.  U.  S. 
V..  recorder. 

Kansas— Capt.  M.  M.  Beck.  U.  S.  V..  com- 
mander; Capt.  John  T.  Taylor.  U.  S.  V.. 
recorder. 

Maryland— Col.  G.  W.  F.  Vernon.  U.  S.  V.,  com- 
mander; Lieut.  Joseph  J.  Janney,  U.  S.  V.. 

Mabsachusetts— First  Lieut.  Henry  N.  Shel- 
don, commander;  Capt.  Charles  W.  C. 
Rhoades.  U.  S.  V..  recorder. 

Maine— Bvt.  Maj.  Henry  S.  Bun-age,  U.  S.  V.. 
commander:  John  F.  Dana,  recorder. 

Michigan— Lieut.  George  Dingwall.  U.  S.  V., 
commander;  Brig.-Gen.  Chains  A.  Coolidge. 
U.  S.  A.,  recorder. 

Minnesota— Lieut.  Willi-m  Preston  Roberts,  U. 
S.  V..  commander;  Capt.  Orton  S.  Clark,  U. 
S.  V.,  recorder. 

Missouri— First  Lieut.  Gro^e  W.  Bailey,  U.  S. 
V.,  commander:  Capt.  William  R.  Hodges,  U. 
S.  V..  recorder. 

Nebraska— Capt.  William  J.  Broatch.  U.  S.  A., 
commander;  Lieut.  Frank  B.  Bryant,  U.  S.  V.. 
recorder. 

New  York— First  Lieut,  and  Adjt.  George  Ha- 
ven Putnam,  U.  S.  V..  commander;  Lieut.-Col. 
William  S.  Cogswell.  U.  S.  V.,  recorder. 

Ohio— Capt.  G.  A.  Thayer,  U.  S.  V.,  command- 
er; Capt.  J.  M.  Blair.  U.  S.  V.,  recorder. 


Oregon— Hon.  Wallace  McCament.  commander; 
Lieut.  Joseph  E.  Hall,  U.  S.  V..  record  r. 

Pennsylvania — Lieut. -Commrnd^r  Wm.  H.  P.att. 
U.  S.  N..  commander;  Lieut.-Col.  John  P. 
Nicholson.  U.  S.  \  .,  record  jr. 

Vermont— Sergt.  Charles  E.  Beach,  command- 
er: Lieut.  Carlos  D.  Williams,  U.  S.  V.. 
recorder. 

Washington— Lieut.-Col.  Walter  B.  Beals.  U. 
S.  V..  commander;  Frank  C.  Shipley,  re- 
corder. 

Wisconsin— Brig.-Gen.  Cha-les  King.  U.  S.  V.. 
commander:  Act.  Asst.  Paymaster  Justin  W. 
Meacham,  U.  S.  N.,  recorder. 

UNITED    CONFEDERATE    VETERANS. 
Organized   June   10.    1889. 

General   Officers. 
General    Commander— Gen.    K.   M.    Van   Zandt. 

Forth    Worth,    Tex. 

Adjt. -Gen.    and  Chief   of   Staff— Maj  .-Gen.    Wil- 
liam E.  Mickle.   Mobile.   Ala. 
Honorary    Command°r-in-Chief — Gen.   C.   Irvine 
Walker.  Summerville,  S.  C. 

UNITED    DAUGHTERS    OF    THE 

CONFEDERACY. 
President-General — Miss  Mary   B.  Poppenheim. 

Charleston,    S.  C. 
Recording  Secretary — Mrs.  Thomas  Wood  Parry. 

Kansas  City.  Mo. 
Corresponding  Secretary— Mrs.  Wallace  Streator. 

Washington.    D.    C. 

Treasurer— Mrs.  R.  E.  Little.  Wadesboro.  N.  C. 
Registrar— Mrs.   Charles   L.   Trabert,   Berkeley, 

Cal. 


ARMY  AND  NAVY  UNION  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES    OF    AMERICA. 

National   Officers. 

Commander— Lucas  A.  Van  Toor,  Milwaukee, 
Wis. 

Senior  Vice-Commander  —  John  J.  Cosgrrove. 
Charlestown.  Mass. 

Junior  Vice-Commander — John  D.  Steward,  Cin- 
cinnati. O. 

Chief  of  Staff— David  F.  Kent.  Roxbury,  Mass. 

Adjutant-General— HenT  W.  Lee,  128  East  Price 
street,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Quartei-master-General— Alonzo  S.  Van  Pelt. 
Rahway.  N.  J. 

Paymaster-General—Ray     C.      Shepherd.      Nevr 

Inspector-General — William  L.  Hull,  Washing- 
ton. D.  C. 

Judge-Advocate—Harry  J.  Katz.  New  York. 
N.  r. 

Surgeon-General—Edwin  J.  Pirrung,  Cincin- 
nati. O. 

National  Chaplain— Rev.  William  G.  Everson. 
Norwood.  O. 

National  Historian— George  R.  Downs,  Erie,  Pa. 

National  Patriotic  Instructor — Jacques  LaBelle. 
West  View.  Pa. 


NAVAL    AND    MILITARY    ORDER    OF    THE 
SPANISH-AMERICAN   WAR. 

Instituted  Feb.  2,  1899. 

National    Commandery    Officers,    1918. 

Commander-in-Chief— Capt.  George  B.  Zane.  Jr.. 

Pennsylvania. 
Senior     Vice-Commander-in-Chief— Lieut.     John 

M.  Thompson,  New  York. 
Junior    Vice-Commander-in-Chief— Lieut.    S     B 

H.-rt.  IKinois. 
Registrar-in-Chief— Capt.   John  T.   Hilton    New 

York. 
Deputy     Regist"*r-in-Chief— Lieut.-Col.     George 

V.  Lauman.  Illinois. 
Treasurer-in-Chief— Capt.  Homer  C.  Croscup    78 

Broad  street.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Hist orian-in-Chief— Capt.  A.  G.  Reynolds.  Mas- 
sachusetts. 


4LMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


765 


Chaplain-in-Chief— Rev.    (Capt.)    Henry   A.   P. 

Hoyt.    Pennsylvania 

Membership  is  confined  to  commissioned  of- 
ficers who  served  as  such  in  the  United  States 
army,  navy,  marine  or  revenue  cutter  service 
(volunteer  or  regular)  or  as  a  contract  sur- 
geon during  the  Spanish  war  or  the  Philippine 
insurrection  incident  thereto  as  well  as  all 
the  sons  of  such  officers. 

MILITARY  ORDER  OF  FOREIGN  WARS  OF 

THE   UNITED    STATES. 

Instituted  Dec.   27.   1894. v 

Officers  of  the  National  Con^mag^ery. 

Commander-in-Chief  —  Brig.-Gen.      S/3nuel     W. 

Fountain,   U.   S.  A.,  retired.  Devor     Pa. 
Secretary-General— Maj.  David  Banks     23  Park 

place,  New  York,   N.  Y.  ( 

Depuiy     Secretary-General— Maj.     Re  V3     A.     de 

Russy,   15  Wall  street.  New  York,,jN.  Y. 
Treasurer-General— Capt.    Og-den    D.     Vilkinson, 

2010  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia,     'a. 
Registrar-General— Capt.    Howard   A     Gid'Ungs, 

U.    S.    V.,    Hartford,    Conn.  * 

Judge-Advocate  General  —  Frank  ',»  '  Av  '^, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  **  $ 

Deputy    Treasurer-General—Col.    O.    D.    Clark, 

Montpelier,    Vt. 

Chaplain-General — Capt.  J.  Madison  Hare,  Jer- 
sey City.   N.  J. 
Historian-General— Capt.  Edw.  H.  Smith,  U.  S. 

V.,  Oshkosh,-  Wis. 

Recorder-General—Col.  Guy  A.  Boyle,  Indian- 
apolis, Ind. 

Surgeon-General— Maj.  Joseph  M.  Heller,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Commanderies  have  been  established  in 
twenty-one  states.  Total  membership  about 
1.200. 

The  order  is  a  military  organization  with 
patriotic  objects,  having  for  its  scope  the  pe- 
riod of  American  history  since  national  inde- 
pendence. It  stands  for  the  needed  and  honor- 
able principle  of  national  defense  against  for- 
eign aggression.  The  principal  feature  of  the 
order  is  the  perpetuating  of  the  names  as 
well  as  the  services  of  commissioned  officers 
who  served  in  either  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion, the  war  wilh  Tripoli,  ths  war  of  1812.  the 
Mexican  war  or  the  war  with  Spain  or  shall 
serve  in  future  campaigns  recognized  by  the 
United  States  government  as  war  with  for- 
eign powers.  Veteran  companionship  is  con- 
ferred upon  such  officers  and  hereditary  com- 
panionship upon  their  direct  lineal  descendants 
in  the  male  line. 

ARMY  AND  NAVY  LEGION  OF  VALOR. 

Organized  1890. 
Commander — Capt.    George    W.    Brush,    738    St. 

Marks   avenue,    Brooklyn,    N.   Y. 
Adjutant— Oapt.  John   Brosnan.   289  3d  street. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

Any  one  holding-  a  medal  of  honor  or  a  dis- 
tinguished service  cr9ss  is  eligible  to  mem- 
bership. The  legion  is  a  purely  patriotic  or- 
ganization, its  purpose  being  to  instill  the 
spirit  of  patriotism  and  devotion  to  our  coun- 
try in  its  citizens  and  unite  in  a  fraternal 
bond  the  men  who  have  shared  a  common 
danger. 

NATIONAL  SOCIETY  O^  T^TE  SONS  OF  THE 

AMERICAN  REVOLUTION. 
Organized  April  30.  1889,  and  inco-porated  by 

act  of  congress  June  9.  1906. 
President-General—Louis  A.  Ames,   New  York, 

N.   Y. 

Vice-Presidents-General—Charles  F.  Read,  Bos- 
ton, Mass.;  Thomas  W.  Williams,  E^st  Or- 
range.  N.  J.;  Albert  M.  Henry,  Detroit, 


Mich.;  Frank  W.  Rawles,  Little  Rock,  Ark.; 
Thomas  A.  Perkins,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Secreiary-General  and  xvegisirar-lieneral — A. 
Howard  Clark,  Smithsonian  institution, 
Washington,  D.  C.  x 

Treasurer-General  —  John  H.  Burroughs.  16 
William  street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Historian-General— George  C.  Arnold,  Provi- 
dence, R.  I. 

Chaplain-General  —  Rev.  Lee  S.  McCollester. 
Medford,  Mass. 

NATIONAL  SOCIETY  OF  THE  DAUGHTERS 
OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION. 

National    Board    of    Management.    1919-1920. 

Headquarters— Memorial  Continental  hall,  17th 
and  D  streets  N.  W..  Washington.  D.  C. 

President-General—Mrs.  George  Thacher  Guern- 
sey, Washington,  D.  C. 

Vice-Presidents-General—Terms  expire  in  1920: 
Mrs.  James  B.  Grant,  Colorado;  Mrs.  Fred  H. 
H.  Calhoun,  South  Carolina;  Mrs.  Charles  E. 
Longley,  Rhode  Is.and;  Mrs.  Jeanne  D. 
Blackburn,  Kentucky;  Mrs.  Samuel  McKnight 
Green,  Missouri;  Mrs.  Sheppard  W.  Foster. 
Georgia;  Mrs.  William  H.  Talbott,  Maine. 
Terms  expire  in  1931:  Mrs.  William  N.  Rey- 
•*  nolds.  North  Caioina;  Mrs.  Frank  B.  Hall. 
Massachusetts:  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Aull,  Ne- 
braska; Mrs.  Aniuew  J?'.  Fox,  Mississippi; 
Miss  Stella  P.  Hardy.  Arkansas;  Mrs.  Ben- 
jamin L.  Purcell,  Virginia;  Mrs.  William  A. 
Guthrie,  Indiana.  Terms  expire  in  1922: 
Mrs.  William  H.  Wait,  Michigan;  Mrs.  Isaac 
L.  Patterson,  Oregon;  Mrs.  John  P.  Hume. 
Wisconsin;  Mrs.  William  D.  Sherrerd.  New 
Jersey;  Mrs.  James  L.  Smith,  Texas;  Mrs. 
Frank  W.  Bahnsen,  Illinois;  Mrs.  Louise  H. 
Coburn,  Maine. 

Recording  Secretary-General—Miss  Emma  L. 
Crowell,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Organizing  Secretary-General—Mrs.  Duncan  U. 
Fletcher,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Registrar-General—Miss  Grace  M.  Pierce.  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Historian-General—Mrs.  Edmund  P.  Moody. 
Washington.  D.  C. 

Corresponding  Secretary-General — Mrs.  Wood- 
bury  Pulsifer,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Treasurer-General — Mrs.  Robert  J.  Johnson. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Librarian-General  —  Mrs.  James  M.  Fowler. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Curator-General—Miss  Catherine  B.  Barlow. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Director-General  in  Charge  of  Report  to  Smith- 
sonian  Institution  —  Mrs.  Benjamin  Heath. 
Charlotte,  N.  C. 

SONS   OF   THE   REVOLUTION. 

Organized  1876. 

General    Officers. 

General    President— J.    M.    Montgomery,    New 

York,   N.   Y. 

General    Vice-President— (Vacancy.) 
Second      General       Vice-President  —  Charles    I 

Thayer,    Boston.    Mass. 
General      Secretary — Prof.      William      Libbey. 

Princeton.  N.  J. 
Assistant    General    Secretary — W.    Hall    Harris. 

Jr..  255  Title  building.  Baltimore.  Md. 
General  Treasurer— Ralph  Isham,   1311  Ritchie 

place,   Chicago.   111. 
Assistant      General      Treasurer  —  Gen.      George 

Richards.  U.  S.  M.  C..   1734  New  York  ave- 
nue.   Washington,    D.   C. 
General    Registrar— Hon.    George    E.    Pomeroy. 

510  Madison  avanue    Toledo,  O. 
General     Historian  —  Orra    E.    Monnette,    Los 

Angeles,    Cal. 
General    Chaplain— Rt. -Rev.    D.    S.    Tuttle.    St. 

Louis,  Mo. 

Organizations   exist    in   thirty-two 
Membership— 7,600. 


766 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


SOCIETY  OF  COLONIAL  WARS. 

Instituted  in  1892. 

Officers  of  the   General  Society. 

Governor-General—  Col.  William  W.  Ladd,  New 

York 
Honorary     Governor-General  —  Capt.     Rowland 

vS-Govel-nor-General—  John    L.    Merrill,    New 

Secretlry-General-Henry  A.  Griffin,  M.  D.,   91 

Park  avenue     New    York,   JN.    z. 
Deputy     Secretary-General  —  Edmund     Howard 

Martin,    160    West    59th    street.    New    York, 

Treasurer-General—  William     Macpherson     Hor- 
a  -  Francis     Howard 


Hartford. 

HStorian-General-Frederick  W.  Allen,  Rhode 
ChSain-General-Rt.  Rev.  William  A.  Leon- 
Sur?eonCSnlar5tc°harles.MontraviUe  Green,  M. 
Chanc?nor°GenS-Hon.  Henry  Stockbridge, 
Cedar  street.  New  York. 


N.  Y. 


Descendants   was 


them.    t£5r    ancestors    and    their 
All   lineal   descendants   over    18  years   of    age, 
r  female,    of   Passengers   ofthe 


rigners    of    :'The    Compact,"     are 


to 

Gera  Society  of  Mayflower  Descend- 
ants was  organized  at  Plymouth.  Mass..  1  89  f. 
The  f  triennial  congress  is  held  in  September  at 
TPivmnuth  Mass  Societies  have  been  organ- 
£ed  £  New  York.  Connecticut.  Massachusetts. 


eorge  B 


Elder-General—Rev.   John  Coleman  Adams. 

SOCIETY  OF  THE  WAR  OF   1812 

Organized   Sept.    14.   1814 
President-General-John  Cadwalader    (of  Penn- 


cnecr-  M.    Leland. 

10  Postoffice  square.   Boston    Mass 


gU  Nob,e  Pec,. 
Cosmos    club,    Washington,    D.    C 
Registrar-General—Henry    Harmon    Noble.    I 

Burfeon-General—  George  H.   Burgin    M.  D. 
Jud^e-  Advocate  General—  (Vacancy  ) 
Chaplain-General—Henry  Branch.  D.  D..  Mary- 

iSate  societies  have  been  formed  in  Pennsyl- 
vania Maryland.  Massachusetts  Connecticut 
Illinois  District  of  Columbia,  New  York  and 


New  Jersey.  Membership  is  made  up  of  male 
persons  above  the  age  of  21  years  who  par- 
ticipated in  or  are  lineal  descendants  of  one 
who  served  during  the  war  of  1812  in  the 
army,  navy,  revenue  marine  or  privateer  serv- 
ice of  the  United  States,  upon  offering  proof 
thereof  satisfactory  to  the  state  society  to 
which  they  may  make  application  for  mem- 
bership, and  who  are  of  good  moral  character 
and  reputation. 

NAVY   LEAGUE   OF    THE   UNITED    STATES. 

Headquarters— 528  17th  street  N.  W..  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Honorary,  President'— Robert  M.  Thompson. 
New  YiLk,  N.  Y. 

President  c—  Henry  Breckinridge.  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Vice-Prescient  s — Clarence  Ousley,  Washington, 
D.  C.  tjyd  Mrs.  James  Carroll  Frazer,  Wash- 
ington, ).  C. 

Treasured  --Sidney    Ballou,    Washington,    D.    C. 

Assistant  '  Treasurer — Dwight  N.  Burnham, 
Washin  f,on,  D.  C. 

Executiv«  Secretary— William  M.  Galvin,  Wash- 
ington, Tl>.  C. 

CONFERENCE  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL 

PREPAREDNESS.  INC. 

The  Conference  Committee  on  National  Pre- 
paredness, Inc.,  was  organized  on  June  3, 
1915,  in  New  York  city,  by  delegates  from 
national  defense  societies.  The  committee  pub- 
lishes charts,  bulletins,  booklets,  pamphlets 
and  pay-envelope  leaflets  and  gratuitously  dis- 
tributes books  on  national  defense  for  the 
purpose  of  quickening  the  national  spirit 
through  a  better  understanding  of  the  econ- 
omy of  preparedness  and  the  inhumanity  of 
unpreparedness.  The  officers  of  the  committee 

Chairman— Henry   A.    Wise   Wood,    New   York, 

N.  Y. 

Treasurer — Alan  R.  Hawley,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Secretary— James  E.  Clark,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  office  of  the  secretary  and  the  com- 
mittee's headquarters  are  at  171  Madison 
avenue,  New  York  city. 

THE   NATIONAL   SECURITY   LEAGUE.    INC. 

Organized  Dec.    1,    1914. 
National    Headquarters— 19    West    44th    street. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 
Honorary  President— Elihu  Root. 
President— Charles   E.   Ly decker. 
Vice-Presidents  —   George  Wharton  Pepper. 
Pennsylvania:    Willett    M.    Spooner,    Wiscon- 
sin;    Luke     E.     Wright.     Memphis,     Tenn.; 
Myron  T.   Herrick,   Ohio;    S.    Stanwood  Men- 
ken.  New  York;   Robert  Bacon,  New  York. 
Secretary— Charles  D.  Orth. 
Treasurer— Alexander  J.   Hemphill. 
The  National  Security  league  works  for: 
"1.  The  Americanization  of  all  those  whose 
future   belongs   to   the   United   States   whether 
native-born  or  foreign-born  by — 

"a.  The  speading  of  a  wider  knowledge 
of  the  constitutional  privileges  and 
the  corresponding  obligations  of  Amer- 
ican citizenship. 

"b.  Uncompromising  opposition  to  the  sub- 
stitution of  any  foreign  language  for 
the  English  language. 

"c.  Persistent     war     upon     illiteracy,     the 
most   deadly    foe   of   free    government, 
"d.  Insistence     upon     the     duty     of     every 
American   to   fit   himself   for  the  work 
of  national  military  defense  as  an  in- 
dispensable element  in  citizenship. 
"2.  The     creation     of     a     public     sentiment 
which   will  look  upon  public  office  as  a  pub- 
lic trust  to  be   committed  only  to  those  who 
are  known  to  be  competent,  honest,  loyal  to 


ALMANAC  AND  TEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


767 


our  constitution,  and  ready  to  subordinate 
personal  aims  and  ambitions  to  the  common 
weal." 

THE  AMERICAN  DEFENSE  SOCIETY,  INC. 
National  Headquarters — 1133  Broadway,  New 

York  city.   N.  Y. 
Slogan — "We  have  room  for  but  one  flag-,  the 

American  flag-,  and  this  excludes  the  red  flag-, 

which    symbolizes    all    wars    against    liberty 

and  civilization."— Theodore   Roosevelt. 
Honorary     President— (In    Perpetuam     Memo- 

riam)   Theodore  Roosevelt. 
Honorary     Vice-Presidents—David     Jayne    Hill, 

Robert    Bacon,     Perry    Belmont,    Charles    S. 

Fairchild,    Charles  VJ.    Bonaparte,    Henry    B. 

Joy,  William  Guggenheim. 

Executive   Officers. 
Chairman  Board   of   Trustees— Charles  Stewart 

Davison. 
Chairman    Executive    Committee— J.    Raymond 

Tiffany. 

Treasurer— Robert  Appleton. 
Secretary— C.   S.   Thompson. 
Aims. 

Defense  of  America— 1.  To  fight  disloyal 
influences  in  America.  Full  punishment  of 
radical  agitators  who  conspire  to  overthrow 
the  government.  Apprehension  of  dangerous 
bolshevists,  warning  of  public  officials  against 
the  activities  of  anarchists,  and  the  urging  of 
preparedness  in  every  section  of  the  country. 

2.  Working   for   the   passage  by   congress   of 
legislation    providing    for    a    system    of    mili- 
tary training.      In   this  connection   the  society 
is    supporting    the    national    service    act,    also 
known    as    the    Chamberlain-Kahn   bill,    which 
provides  for  a  great  citizen  army  and  a  small 
army    of    regulars,    of    approximately    150,000 
men.     Six  months'  military  training  advocated 
for  the  youth  of  the  country,  with  educational 
camps  for  the  illiterate  and  non-English  speak- 
ing; three  months  preceding  the  regular  train- 
ing   to    constitute    a    course    here.      Organiza- 
tion of  trained  men  into   a  reserve  called  out 
periodically     for     further     training.       Officers 
tfhosen  from  the  ranks  and  given  opportunity 
to  qualify  for  leadership. 

3.  Recognition    of    accountability.       To    de- 
mand   such   full   accountability   of   all   officials 
as    will    result    in    the    elimination    of    ineffi- 
ciency. 

4.  Circulation  of  propaganda.     To  crystallize 
the    sentiment    of    the    nation    so    that    favor- 
able   action    will    be    taken   on    measures    that 
would  regard  the  life  and  property  of  Ameri- 
cans.    To  raise  the  standard  of  citizenship  so 
that  every  man  will   realize  his  obligation  to 
bis  country  as  well  as  its  privileges. 

LEAGUE  TO  ENFORCE  PEACE. 

The   object   of   the   league   is  to   secure   and 
support    a  league   of   nations   for  the   mainte- 
nance of  international  peace. 
Organized— June    17,    1915;    incorporated   Oct. 

14,    1916. 
President— William  Howard  Taft,   New  Haven, 

Vice-President—Alton    B.    Parker,    New    York. 
N.    Y. 


Chairman    Executive    Committee— A.    Lawrence 

Lowell,   Cambridge,   Mass. 
Secretary— William    H.    Short,    130    West    42d 

street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


UNIVERSAL  MILITARY   TRAINING 

LEAGUE. 
Headquarters— Suite  1322  First  National  Bank 

building,   Chicago.   111. 
President— Howard  H.   Gross. 
Treasurer — John  J.  Mitchell. 

Object :  To  carry  on  a  nationwide  campaign 
of  education  that  will  demand  of  congress  leg- 
islation which  will  require  and  establish  a 
universal  system  of  military  and  vocational 
training1. 

THE  AMERICAN  LEGION. 
Organized  at  St.  Louis.  Mo..  May  8-10.  1910. 
National  Commander— Franklin  D'Olier.  Phila- 
delphia. Pa. 
Past  National  Commander — Henry  D.  Lindsley. 

Dallas.  Tex. 

National  Vice-Chairmen — Allen  Tukey.  Nebras- 
ka: Jones  O'Brien,  California:  Joyce  P.  Lewis. 
Minnesota;  A.  R.  Chambers.  Massachusetts; 
William  Follett,  Oregon. 

National    Adjutant— Lemuel    L.    Belles.     Port- 
land,  Ore. 
National   Treasurer— Jasper   G.   Bacon.   Boston, 

Mass. 
National     Chaplain — Francis     A.     Kelly,     New 

York.  N.  Y. 

Membership— 1.000.000. 
Headquarters — Indianapolis.    Ind. 

The  next  national  convention  is  to  be  held 
in  Cleveland.  O..  beginning  Sept.  27.  1920. 

The  American  Legion 
was  organized  at  a 
convention  held  in  St. 
Louie,  Mo.,  May  8-10. 
1919.  when  temporary 
officers  were  chosen 
and  the  main  princi- 
ples of  the  association 
were  adopted.  Henry 
D.  Lindsley  of  Dallas. 
Tex.,  was  chosen  a« 
the  temporary  com- 
mander and  it  was  de* 
cided  to  hold  the  first 
regular  convention  in 
Minneapolis,  Minn.  It  took  place  there  Nov. 
10-12.  1919,  when  national  officers  wero 
chosen  and  the  organization  perfected.  All 
persons  are  eligible  for  membership  who  were 
in  the  military  or  naval  and  marine  service 
of  the  United  States  between  April  6.  1917. 
and  Nov.  11.  1918.  The  object  of  the  asso- 
ciation is  to  uphold  and  defend  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States:  to  maintain  law  and 
order;  to  foster  and  perpetuate  a  100  per  cent 
Americanism:  to  combat  autocracy  whether  ol 
the  classes  or  the  masses:  to  make  right  the 
master  of  might:  to  promote  peace  and  grood 
will  on  earth;  to  safeguard  and  transmit  to 
posterity  principles  of  justice,  freedom  and 
democracy  and  to  sanctify  the  comradeship  ol 
the  war  by  mutual  helpfulness. 

The  American  Legion  is  a  nonpolitical  or- 
ganization. It  was  incorporated  by  an  act 
of  congress  approved  Sept.  16.  1919. 


VICTOR    L.    BERGER    EXCLUDED    FROM    CONGRESS. 


Victor  L.  Berger.  socialist,  representing-  the 
5th  Wisconsin  district,  was  excluded  from 
membership  in  the  national  house  of  repre- 
sentatives Nov.  10.  1919.  on  the  ground  of 
disloyalty  to  the  United  States  and  giving  aid 
and  comfort  to  the  enemy  in  time  of  war. 
Before  the  rote  was  taken  Mr.  Berger 


reiterated  the  views  and  articles  for  whiea 
he  had  been  sentenced  to  prison  for  twenty 
years  by  a  federal  court  in  Chicago.  The 
vote  in  favor  of  his  expulsion  from  the  house 
was  309  to  1.  the  only  man  voting-  for  him. 
being  Edward  Voight  of  the  2d  Wisconsin  dis- 
trict. 


768 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


HOLIDAYS    IN    THE 

GENERALLY    OR    LOCALLY    OBSERVED. 

Arbor  Day— Usually  fixed  by  governor. 

Bennington  Battle  Day— Auff.  16. 

Christmas  Day— Dec.  25. 

Columbus  Day— Oct.  12. 

Confederate  Memorial  Day — See  Memorial  day. 

Davis.  Jefferson,   Birthday-^June  3. 

Decoration  Day— See  Memorial  day. 

Election  Days— See  Election  Calendar. 

Fire  Prevention  Day— Oct.  0. 

Flag1  Day — June  14. 

Georgia  Day— Feb.  12. 

Independence  Day— July  4. 

Jefferson's  Birthday— April  13. 

Labor  Day— First  Monday  in  September. 

Landing1  Day— July  25   (Porto  Rico). 

Lee's  Birthday— Jan.  19. 

Lincoln's  Birthday— Feb.  12. 

Maine   (Battle  Ship)  Day— Feb.  15. 

Mardi  Gras— February    (New  Orleans). 

McKinley  Day— Jan.  29. 

Mecklenburg-  Independence  Declaration— May 
20 

Memorial  Day— Federal,  May  30:  confederate, 
April  26  (Alabama.  Georgia.  Florida.  Missis- 
sippi) and  May  10  (North  and  South  Caro- 

Mothers'  Day— Second  Sunday  in  May. 

New  Orleans.  Battle  of— Jan.  8. 

New  Year's  Day— Jan.  1. 

Patriots'    Day— April    19     (Maine.    Massachu- 

pffneS-8'    Day -July    15     (Idaho).     July    24 

(Utah) 

Texas  Independence  Day— March  2. 
Thanksgiving1  Day— Last  Thursday  in   Novem- 

WashWton's  Birthday— Feb.  22. 

HOLIDAYS   IN  THE   VARIOUS   STATES. 

Alabama— Jan.  1 :  Jan.  19  (Lee's  birthday)  : 
Feb.  22:  Mardi  Gras  (the  day  before  Ash 
Wednesday,  first  day  of  Lent) :  Good  Friday 
(the  Friday  before  Easter) ;  April  26  (Con- 
federate Memorial  day)  :  June  3  (Jefferson 
Davis'  birthday):  July  4:  Labor  day  (first 
Monday  in  September) :  Thanksgiving1  day 
(last  Thursday  in  November) :  Dec.  25. 

Alaska-Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  May  30  (Memorial 
day):  July  4:  Thanksgiving-  day:  Dec.  25. 

Arizona-Jan.  1:  Arbor  day  (first  Monday  in 
February) :  Feb.  22:  May  30:  July  4:  g-eneral 
election  day:  Thanksgiving  day:  Dec.  25. 

Arkansas— Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  July  4:  Thanksgiv- 
ingr  day:  Oct.  12  (Columbus  day) :  Dec.  26. 

California— Jan.  1:  Feb.  22;  May  30:  July  4: 
Sept.  9  (Admission  day) :  Labor  day  (first 
Monday  in  September) :  Oct.  12:  g-eneral  elec- 
tion day  in  November :  Thanksgiving  day; 

Colorado-Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  Arbor  ancf  School 
day  (third  Friday  in  April)  :  May  30:  July 
4-  first  Monday  in  September:  g-eneral  elec- 
tion day:  Oct.  12:  Thanksgiving1  day;  Dec. 
26*  every  Saturday  afternoon  from  June  1 
to  Aug.  31  in  the  city  of  Denver. 

Connecticut-Jan.  1 :  Feb.  12  (Lincoln's  birth- 
day) •  Feb.  22:  Good  Friday:  May  30:  July 
4:  Labor  day  (first  Monday  in  September): 
Thanksgiving1  day.  Dec.  25. 

Delaware— Jan.  1:  Feb.  12:  Feb.  22:  May  30: 
July  4:  first  Monday  in  September:  Oct.  12; 
Thanksgiving-  day:  Dec.  25.  •••_„  ,,  . 

District  of  Columbia— Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  March 
4  (Inauguration  day) :  May  30:  July  4:  first 
Mondny  in  September:  Thanksgiving-  day; 

Florida— Jan.  1;  Jan.  19  (Lee's  birthday) :  Ar- 
bor day  (first  Friday  in  February) :  Feb.  22: 
April  26  (Confederate  Memorial  day)  :  June 
3  (Jefferson  Davis'  birthday):  July  4:  first 
Monday  in  September:  Thanksgiving-  day: 
general  election  day:  Dec.  25. 

Georgia— Jan.  1:  Jan.  19  (Lee's  birthday) :  Feb. 
22:  April  26  (Confederate  Memorial  day): 


UNITED     STATES. 

first  Monday  in  September;  Thanksgiving 
day:  Amor  day  (first  Friday  in  December)- 
Dec.  25. 

Idaho— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22;  Arbor  day  (first  Fii- 
day  after  May  1);  July  4:  first  Monday  in 
September:  Oct.  12;  g-eneral  election  day- 
Thanksgiving-  day;  Dec.  25. 

Illinois— Jan.  1;  Feb.  12  (Lincoln's  birthday)  • 
Feb .22;. May  30:  July  4;  Labor  day  (first 
Monday  in  September;  Oct.  12  (Columbus 
day) ;  general,  state,  county  and  city  elec- 
tion  days;  Saturday  afternoons:  Thanksg-iv- 
ing-  day;  Dec.  26;  Arbor.  Bird.  Flag-  and 
Mothers'  days  are  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernor, but  are  not  legal  holidays.  Like 
McKinley  day  (Jan.  29).  "Remember  the 
Maine''  day  (Feb.  15).  Dougrlas  day  (April 
23).  they  are  observed  by  special  exercises. 
flag1  displays,  etc.:  banks  are  not  closed. 
Arbor  and  Bird  days  usually  come  on  the 
third  Friday  of  April  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  state  and  the  fourth  Friday  of  Octo- 
ber in  the  southern  part.  Flag1  day  is  June 
14  and  Mothers'  day  the  second  Sunday  in 

Indiana— Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  May  30:  July  4: 
first  Monday  in  September:  Oct.  12:  ereneral 
election  day;  Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  26 

Iowa— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22:  May  30:  July  4:  first 
Monday  in  September:  g-eneral  election  day; 
Thanksgiving-  day;  Dec.  25.  . 

Kansas— The  only  holidays  by  statute  are  Feb. 
12:  Feb.  22:  May  30:  Labor  day  (first 
Monday  in  September)  and  Arbor  day:  Oct. 
12:  but  the  days  commonly  observed  in 
other  states  are  holidays  by  g-eneral  consent. 

Kentucky— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22:  May  30;  first 
Monday  in  September:  Oct.  12:  Thanksgiving 
day:  g-eneral  election  day;  Dec.  25. 

Louisiana— Jan.  1;  Jan.  8  (anniversary  of  the 
battle  of  New  Orleans)  ;  Feb.  22:  Mardi  Gras 
(day  before  Ash  Wrxlnesday)  :  Good  Friday 
(Friday  before  Easter)  :  April  26  (Confed- 
erate Memorial  day):  July  4;  Nov.  1  (All 
Saints'  day)  ;  general  election  day;  fourth 
Saturday  in  November  (Labor  day.  in  the 
parish  of  New  Orleans  only)  :  Dec.  25:  every 
Saturday  afternoon  in  New  Orleans. 

Maine-Jan.  1;  Feb.  22:  Good  Friday:  May  30: 
July  4:  Labor  day:  Thanksgiving1  day;  Dec. 
25* 

Maryland-Jan.  1:  Feb.  22;  May  30:  July  4; 
first  Monday  in  September:  Sept.  12  (Defend- 
ers' day);  Oct.  12;  g-eneral  election  day; 
Dec.  25:  every  Saturday  afternoon. 

Massachusetts-Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  April  19  (Pa- 
triots' day):  May  30:  July  4;  first  Monday 
in  September:  Oct.  12:  Thanksgiving-  day; 
Dec.  25. 

Michigan-Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  Oct.  12:  general 
election  day;  May  30:  July  4:  first  Monday 
in  September:  Thanksgiving-  day;  Dec.  26. 

Minnesota— Jan.  1;  Feb.  12;  Feb.  22:  Good 
Friday  (Friday  before  Easter)  ;  May  30:  July 
4:  first  Monday  in  September:  Thanksgiving1 
day;  general  election  day;  Dec.  26:  Arbor 
day  (as  appointed  by  the  governor). 

Mississippi— First  Monday  in  September:  by 
common  consent  July  4.  Thanksgiving'  day 
and  Dec.  26  are  observed  as  holidays. 

Missouri— Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  May  30:  July  4: 
Labor  day;  Oct.  12:  g-eneral  election  day; 
Thanksgiving1  day;  Dec.  25:  every  Saturday 
afternoon  in  cities  of  100.000  or  more  in- 
habitants. 

Montana-^Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  Arbor  day  (third 
Tuesday  in  April):  May  30:  July  4:  first 
Monday  in  September:  Oct.  12:  g-eneral  elec- 
tion day;  Thanksgiving1  day;  Dec.  25:  any 
day  appointed  by  the  governor  as  a  fast  day. 

Nebraska— Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  Arbor  day  (April 
22):  May  30:  July  4;  first  Monday  in  Sep- 
tember: Thankssriving1  day:  Dec.  25. 

Nevada— .Tan.  1;  Feb.  22:  July  4:  Thanksgiving 
day:  D^c.  25. 

New  Hampshire — Feb.  22:   fast  day  appointed 


£ ;      Ayr!!      <6O      VOOnJl^UCrci  to     Jxir^LLUJllAL     uaj' /  ,       A^omr     j^aiuisoiui  c A*  w.     **M  ,     *»»•     «•••*     «wt-"-'*"wv« 

June  3    (Jefferson  Davis'  birthday):  July  4:     by  the  g-overnor;  May  30:  July  4;  first  Mon- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB,  1920. 


769 


day  in  September:  Thanksgiving  day;  g-en- 
eral  election  day;  Dec.  26. 

New  Jersey— Jan.  1;  Feb.  12:  Feb.  22:  May 
30:  July  4:  first  Monday  in  September;  Oct. 
12:  general  election  day;  Thanksgiving  and 
fast  days,  and  every  Saturday  afternoon. 

New  Mexico— Jan.  1;  July  4;  Thanksgiving  and 
fast  days:  Dec.  25:  Memorial,  Labor  and 
Arbor  days  appointed  by  the  governor. 

New  York— Jan.  1;  Feb.  12:  Feb.  22:  May  30: 
July  4;  first  Monday  in  September:  Oct.  12; 
general  election  day;  Thanksgiving:  and  fast 
days;  Dec.  25:  every  Saturday  afternoon. 

Worth  Carolina— Jan.  1:  Jan.  19  (Lee's  birth- 
day) :  May  10  (Confederate  Memorial  day) ; 
May  20  (anniversary  of  the  signing  of  the 
Mecklenburg  declaration  of  independence) ; 
July  4;  state  election  day  in  August:  first 
Thursday  in  September  (Labor  day)  ;  Thanks- 
giving day;  Dec.  25;  every  Saturday  after- 
noon. 

North  Dakota— Jan.  1;  Feb.  12:  Feb.  22:  May 
30;  July  4;  Arbor  day  (when  appointed  by 
the  governor) ;  general  election  day ;  Thanks- 


Ohi 


giving  day;   Dec.  25. 

'o — Jan. 
Monday  in  September;  Oct.  12:  general  elec- 


1:  Feb.  22:  May  30:  July  4:  first 


tion  day;  Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  25:  every 
Oct.  12:  general  election  day;  Thanksgiving 
Saturday  afternoon  in  cities  of  60.000  or 
more  inhabitants. 

Oklahoma— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22:  May  30:  July  4; 
day:  Dec.  26. 

Oregon— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22;  May  30:  first  Satur- 
day in  June;  July  4;  first  Monday  in  Septem- 
ber; general  election  day;  Thanksgiving  day; 
public  fast  days:  Dec.  25. 

Pennsylvania — Jan.  1:  Feb.  12:  Feb.  22:  May 
30:  Good  Friday:  July  4;  first  Monday  in 
September:  Oct.  12:  general  election  day; 
Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  25;  every  Saturday 
afternoon. 

Philippines— Jan.  1:  Feb.  22:  Thursday  and 
Friday  pf  Holy  week;  July  4;  Aug.  13: 
Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  25:  Dec.  30. 

Porto  Rico — Jan.  1:  Feb.  22;  Good  Friday; 
May  30:  July  4;  July  25  (Landing  day); 
Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  25. 

Rhode  Island— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22:  second  Friday 
in  May  (Arbor  day):  May  30:  July  4:  first 
Monday  in  September;  Oct.  12;  general  elec- 
tion day;  Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  26. 

South  Carolina — Jan.  1;  Jan.  19  (Lee's  birth- 
day): Feb.  22:  May  10  (Confederate  Memo- 


rial day) ;  June  3  (Jefferson  Davis'  birth- 
day) :  general  election  day;  Thanksgiving 
day;  Dec.  Z5.  26,  27. 

South  Dakota— Same  as  in  North  Dakota. 

Tennessee— Jan.  1;  Good  i  riday;  May  30;  July 
4;  first  Monday  in  September;  general  elec- 
tion day;  Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  26:  every 
Saturday  afternoon. 

Texas-rJan.  1;  Feb.  22  (Arbor  day);  March  2 
(anniversary  of  Texas  independence);  April 
21  (anniversary  of  battle  of  San  Jacinto)  : 
July  4;  first  Monday  in  September;  Oct.  12; 
general  election  day;  appointed  fast  days: 
Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  25. 

Utah— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22;  April  15  (Arbor  day); 
May  30;  July  4;  July  24  (Pioneer  day) ;  first 
Monday  in  September;  Thanksgiving  day  and 
appointed  fast  days;  Dec.  25. 

Vermont— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22;  May  30;  July  4; 
Aug.  16  (Bennington  Battle  day)  ;  Labor 
day;  Oct.  12;  Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  25. 

Virginia — Jan.  1;  Jan.  19  (Lee's  birthday); 
Feb.  22;  July  4;  first  Monday  in  September; 
Thanksgiving  and  appointed  fast  days;  Dec. 
25;  every  Saturday  afternoon.  < 

Washington— Jan.  1;  Feb.  12  (Lincoln's  birth- 
day) ;  Feb.  22;  May  30;  July  4;  first  Mon- 
day in  September:  Oct.  12;  general  election 
day;  Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  25. 

West  Virginia— Jan.  1:  Feb.  12;  Feb.  22:  May 
30;  July  4;  Labor  day;  general  election  day; 
Thanksgiving  day;  Dec.  25. 

Wisconsin— Jan.  1;  Feb.  22;  May  30;  July  4; 
first  Monday  in  September:  general  election 
day;  Thanksgiving  day:  Dec.  25. 

Wyoming— Jan.  1;  Feb.  12:  Feb.  22;  May  30: 
July  4;  first  Monday  in  September;  general 
election  day;  Dec.  25. 

The  national  holidays,  such  as  July  4.  New 
Year's,  etc.,  are  such  by  general  custom  and 
observance  and  not  because  of  congressional 
legislation.  Cpngress  has  passed  no  laws  es- 
tablishing holidays  for  the  whole  country. 
It  has  made  Labor  day  a  holiday  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  but  the  law  is  of  no  effect 
elsewhere.  It  has  also  designated  the  second 
Sunday  in  May  as  Mothers'  day.  President 
Wilson  issued  a  proclamation  May  30.  1916. 
requesting  that  June  14.  the  anniversary  of 
the  day  on  which  the  national  emblem  was 
adopted  by  congress,  be  observed  as  Flag  day 
throughout  the  nation. 


MEMBERS    OF    THE    FRENCH    ACADEMY. 


Name.  Elected. 

HauBsonville.  Comte  de.  b.  1843 1888 

Freycinet.  Charles  de.  b.  1828 1890 

Loti-Viaud.  Pierre,  b.  1850 1891 

Lavisse.  Ernest,  b.  1842 1892 

Bourget.  Paul.  b.  1852 1894 

France.  Anatole.  b.  1844 1896 

Hanotaux.  Gabriel,  b.  1853 1897 

Lavedan.  Henri,  b.  1859 1898 

Deschanel.  Paul.  b.  1856 1899 

Bazin.  Rene.  b.  1853 1903 

Masson.  Frederick,  b.  1847 1903 

Lamy.  Etienne.  b.  1845 1905 

Ribot.  Alexandra,  b.  1842 1905 

Barres.  Maurice,  b.  1862 1906 

Donnay.  Maurice,  b.  1866 1907 

Richepin.  Jean.  b.  1849 1908 

Doumic.  Rene.  b.  1860 1909 

Prevost.  Marcel,  b.  1862 1909 

Aicard.  Jean.  b.  1848 1909 

Brieux.  Eugene,  b.  1858 1909 

Poincare.  Raymond,  b.  1850 1909 


Name.  Elected. 

Duchesne.  Mgr..  b.  1848 1910 

Regnier.  Henri  de.  b.  1864 1911 

Cochin.  Denys.  b.  1851 1911 

Lyautey.  Louis,  b.  1854 1912 

Bergson,  Henri  L..  b.  1859 1914 

Capus.  Alfred,  b.  1858 1914 

Gorce.  Pierre  de  la.  b.  1846 1914 

Joffre.  Joseph  J.  C..  b.  1852 1918 

Barthou.  Louis,  b.  1862 1918 

Baudrillart.  Alfred 1918 

Cambon,   Jules,   b.    1845 1918 

Boislesve,   Rene,  b.   1867 1918 

Curel.    Francis   de.   b.    1854 1918 

Foch.  Ferdinand,   b.    1851 1919 

Clemenceau.    Georges,  b.  1841 1919 

The  Academic  Francaise.  or  French  Academy, 
was  instituted  in  1635.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
Institute  of  France  and  its  particular  func- 
tion is  to  conserve  the  French  language,  foster 
literature  and  encourage  genius. 


COINAGE    MINTS   AND    ASSAY    OFFICES. 


Coinage  mints  of  the  United  States  are  lo- 
cated in  Philadelphia.  Pa.;  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
and  Denver.  Col.  The  government  assay  offices 
are  in  New  York.  N.  Y.:  Carson.  Nev.:  Den- 
ver, Col.;  Boise,  Idaho;  Helena.  Mont.:  Char- 


lotte. N.  C.:  St.  Louis.  Mo.:  Deadwood.  S.  D.; 
Seattle.  Wash.:  New  Orleans.  La.,  and  Salt 
Lake  City.  Utah.  The  mint  in  Philadelphia 
was  established  in  1792  and  the  others  as  fol- 
lows: San  Francisco.  1852,  and  Denver.  1904. 


770 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


DEATHS  OF  NOTED   MEN  AND  WOMEN    (1890-1919). 


A<bbey,  E.  A.,  Aug-.  1,  1911. 
Abbott.  Bessie,  Feb.  9,  1919. 
Abdul  Hamid,  Feb.  10,  1918. 
Adams,  C.  F.,  March  8,  1918. 
Adams,  Charles  F.,  March.  20, 

1915. 
Aehrenthal,    A.    L.,    Feb.    17, 

1912. 

Alden,  H.  M..  Oct.  7,   1919. 
Aldrich,  N.  W.,  April  16,  1915. 
Aldrich,  T    B.,  Mar.  19,   1907. 
Alexander  III.,    Nov.   1,   1894. 
Alexander,  J.  W.,  June  1,  1915. 
Alexis,  Nord,  May  1,  1910. 
Allen,  Grant.  Oct.  25,  1895. 
Allison.  W.  B..  Aug-.  4,  1908. 
Alma-Tadema.     L.,     June     24, 

1912. 
Altg-eld.    John    P.,    March    12, 

1902. 

Altman,   Benj.,  Oct.   7,   1913. 
Alverstone,  Viscount,  Dec.  15, 

1915. 
Anderson.    Galusha,    July    20, 

1918. 
Andrassy,     Count,      Jan.     30, 

1900. 

Angell,  Jas.  B.,  Apr.  1,  1916. 
Anthony,  Susan  B.,  March  13, 

1906. 

Arabi  Pasha,  Sept.  21,  1911. 
Archbold.  J.  D.,  Dec.  5,  1916. 
Armour,   P.  D.,   Jan.   6.   1901. 
Armstrong:,  M..  May  26,  1918. 
Arnold.  Edwin.  Mar.  25.  1904. 
Aronson,    R.,   Feb.   5,    1919. 
Astor.  John  J.,  Apr.  15,  1912. 
Astor,    John    Jacob,    Feb.    22, 

1890. 

Astor,  W.  W.,  Oct.  18,  1919 
Audran,     Edmond,     Aug1.    19, 

1901. 

Austin.   Alfred.   June  1,   1913. 
Avebury.  Lord.  May  28,  1913. 
Ballin.  Albert,  Nov.  9.  1918. 
Barnum,  P.  T.,   Apr.  7,   1891. 
Barr.    Amelia    E.,    March    10, 

1919. 

Barr,  Robert,  Oct.  22,  1912. 
Bartholdi,  F.  A.,  Oct.  4,  1904. 
Barton.  Clara,  April  12.   1912. 
Bascom.  John,  Oct.,   2,  1911. 
Bates,  John  C.,  Feb.  4,  1919. 
Bebel,    August    F.,    Aug.     13, 

1913. 
Beequerel.    A.    H.,     Aug.     25, 

1908. 

Behring.  E.  von.,  Apr.  1.  1917. 
Beit.  Alfred,  July  16.   1906. 
Bell,  Digrby,  June  20.  1917. 
BelL  J.  F..  Jan.  8,  1919. 
Bellamy,  Edw..  May  22.  1898. 
Bellew.  Kyrle.  Nov.  2.  1911. 
Belmont.     August,     Nov.     24, 

1890. 
Belmont.    August,    Jr.,    March 

29.    1919. 
Belmont.    O.   H.   P..   June   10. 

1908. 
Bennett,    James    G.,    May    14, 

1918. 

Beresford,  C.  W.,  Sept.  6.  1919. 
Bertillon,   A.,  Feb.   13,   1914. 
Besant,    Sir    Walter,    June    9, 

1901. 

Bigelow.  John,  Dec.  19.   1911. 
Bismarck,     Prince,     July     30, 

1898. 
Bitter.    Karl  T.   F.,    April    10, 

1915. 

Bjornson.  B..  April  26,  1910. 
Black.    Frank    S..    March    21. 

1913. 
Black.  John  C..  Aug.  17.  1915. 


Black.  William,  Dec.  10,  1898. 
Blackie,  J.  S..  March  3.  1£95. 
Blackwood.  W.,  Nov.  11,  1912. 
Blaine,  James  G.,  Jan.  27, 

1893. 

Blake.  Lillie  D.,  Dec.  30.  1913. 
Blavatsky,  Mme.,  May  9, 

1891. 
Bliss,     Cornelius    N.,     Oct.    9, 

1911. 

Blouet.  Paul,  May  24,   1903. 
Bogardus,    A.    H.,    March    23, 

1913. 

Boito,  Arrigo,  June  11,  1918. 
Bonheur.  Rosa,  May  25,  1899. 
Booth,  Edwin,  June  7,  1893. 
Booth,  William,  Aug.  20,  1912. 
Botha,  Louis,  Aug.  28,  1919. 
Boucicault,    Aubrey,    July    10, 

1913. 
Bowman,    Thomas.    March    3. 

1914. 

Bradley,   L.  D.,   Jan.  9,    1917. 
Brady,  A.  N.,  July  22,  1913. 
Bragg,    Edward    S.,    June    20. 

1912. 

Braham,  J.  H.,  Oct.  28,  1919. 
Brahms,  Johannes,  April  2, 

1897. 

Brassey,  Earl,  Nov.  13,  1919. 
Brassey,  Thos.,  Feb.  23.  1918. 
Breton,  Jules  A.,  July  5.  1906. 
Brewer,  David  J.,  March  28. 

1910. 

Brisson,  Henri,  Apr.  14.  1912. 
Bristow.  Benjamin  H.,  June 

22.  1896. 

Brooks.  Phillips,  Jan.  23.  1893. 
Brough.  Lionel.  Nov.  8.  1909. 
BUCK.  Dudley,  Oct.  6,  1909. 
Buckner.  S.  B..  Jan.  8.  1914. 
Bullen.    Frank    T.,    March    1. 

1915. 
Bulow,    Hans    von,    Feb.    13, 

1894. 
Burdett-Coutts,   Baroness,  Dec. 

30.    1906. 

Burdette,  R.  J..  Nov.  19.  1914. 
Burleigh,   B.,   June  17.   1914. 
Burnand,  F.  C.,  Apr.  21,  1917. 
Burnham.  D.  H.,  June  1.  1912. 
Burrows.  J.  C.,  Nov.  16.  1915. 
Busse,  F.  A.,  July  9,  1914. 
Butler,    Gen.    B.    F.,    Jan.    11. 

1893. 

Calhoun.  W.  J..  Sept.  19,  1916. 
Campbell-Bannerman,  H.,  Apr. 

22,  1908. 

Canalejas.    J..    Nov.    12.    1912. 
Garden,   D..   Oct.   16.    1915. 
Carleton,  H.  G.,  Dec.  10.  1910. 
Carleton,  Will,  Dec.  18,  1912. 
Carlisle,    John     G.,    July    31, 

1910. 

Carlos.  I..  Feb.  1,   1908. 
Carnegie,     Andrew,     Aug.    11, 

1919. 
Carnot.     President.     June     24, 

1894. 
Carolus-Duran,  E.  A.,  Feb.  18, 

1917. 

Carr,  Clark  E..  Feb.  28,  1919. 
Carreno.  Teresa,  June  12, 

1917. 

Carte.  D'Oyly.  April  3.  1901. 
Carus.  Paul,  Feb.  11,    1919. 
Casimir-Perier,  Mar.  12,  1907. 
Cervera.  P.,   April  3,    1909. 
Chadwick.     F.     E.,     Jan.     27. 

1919. 
Chamberlain.    Joseph,    July    2, 

1914. 
Chanute.      Octave,      Nov.     23, 

1910. 


Chapman,     J.     W.,     Dec.     25, 

1918. 
Chase.    William    M.,    Oct.    25. 


, 

Childs,     George     W..     Feb.     3. 

Choatei    Joseph    H..    May    14, 

191T. 

Christian  IX.,  Jan.  29,   1906. 
Chulalongcorn      I.,      Oct.      23. 

1910. 

Claretie.  Jules.  Dec.  23,  1913 
Clark,  A.  H.,  Dec.  31,  1918. 
Clarke.    Charles    H.,    Aug.    10. 


. 
Clay     Bertha    M.,    March    14. 

i  914. 

Clemens.  S.  L.,  April  21,  1910 
Clement,  Clay,  Feb.  21,  1910 
Cleveland.  Grover.  June  24, 

1908. 

Cody    W.  F.,  Jan.  10,  1917. 
Coleridge-Taylor.    S.,    Sept.    1, 

Collier,'  R.  J,,  Nov.  8,  1918. 
Collyer,  Robert,  Nov.  30.  1912 
Colonne.    Edouard,    March    28. 

191  0. 

Comstock.   A..   Sept.  21,   1915. 
Constant,  Benj.,  May  26,  1902 
Cooke.  Jay,  Feb.  16,   1905. 
Cooley,  L.  E.,  Feb.  3,  1917. 
Coppee,     Francois,     May     23, 

1908. 

Coauelin,  B.  C.,  Jan.  26.  1909. 
Coquelin.  E.  A.  H.,  Feb.  8, 

1919. 

Corbin,  Austin,  June  4,  1896 
Corning,  Erastus,  Aug.  30. 

1896. 

Corthell.  E.  L.,  May  16,  1916. 
Cox,  George  B.,  May  20,  1916. 
Cox,  Kenyon,  March  17,  1919. 
Cramp,  Edwin  S.,  June  6, 

Crane.  '  Richard     T..    Jan.    8, 

Crawford,      Emily,      Dec.    30. 

1915. 

Crawford,  F.  M..  Apr.  9,  1909. 
Crawford,  Jack,  Feb.  27,  1917 
Crockett,  S.  R.,  Apr.  20,  1914. 
Croke,  Archbishop.  July  22, 

1  9  0  *2  . 

Cromer.  Earl  of.  Jan.  29,  1917. 
Cronje,  Piet,  Feb.  4,  1911. 
Crook.      George.      March      19, 

Crookes,  Wm.,  April  4,  1919. 
Crosby.  Fanny,  Feb.  12,  1915. 
Cullom.  Shelby  M..  Jan.  28. 

1914. 
Cummings.    Amos   J.,    May    2, 

1902. 

Curie.  Pierre,  April  19,  1906. 
Curtin,  Jeremiah,  Dec.  14. 

1906. 
Curtis.    George    W.,    Aug.    31, 

1892. 
Curtis.     William     E.,     Oct.     5. 

Curzon,  Lady,  July  18,  1906. 
Cuyler,  T.  L.,  Feb.  26,  1909. 
Dahn,  Felix  S.,  Jan.  3,   1912. 
Daly,  Augustin,  July  7,  1899. 
Dana.     Charles    A..     Oct.     17. 

1897. 
Daniel,     John     W.,     June     29. 

1910. 
Davenport,      Homer,     May    2, 

1912. 

Davis,  Geo.  R.,  Nov.  25.  1899. 
Davis.    Henry    G.,    March,    11, 

1916. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


771 


Davis.     Mrs.    Jeff.,     Oct.     16. 
Davis,  'Richard   H.,    April    11. 

Davis  Winnie.  Sept.  18.  1898. 
Dav  itt.  Michael.  May  31.  1906. 
Debussy.  C.  C.,  Mar.  26.  1918. 
Deering,  Wm.,  Dec.  9.  1913. 
De  Martens.  P..  June  20.  1909. 
Detaille,  Edouard.  Dec.  24. 

1912 

Dower.  George,  Jan.  16.  1917. 
Diaz.  Porfirio.  July  2.  1915. 
Dilke.  Chas.  W.,  Jan.  26,  1911. 
Dingley.  Nelson.  Jan.  13.  1899. 
Dodge,   G.  M..   Jan.  3.   1916. 
Dolliver,  J.  P..  Oct.  15.   1910. 
Donnelly,      Ignatius,     Jan.     2. 

Doug-lass,   Frederick,   Feb.   20. 

1895. 
Drachman,     Holger,     Jan.     15. 

Draper.'   Andrew   S..   April  27. 

1  Ql  S 
Drexel.'  Anthony   J..    June   30, 

Driver.'  S.  R..  Feb.  26,  1914 
Drummond.      H.,     March     11, 


Du  Maurler.  G..  Oct.  8.   1896. 
Dumas.    Alexandre.    Nov.    27, 


Dunbar.  Paul  L.,  Feb.  9.  1906. 
Dvorak.  Antonin,  May  1.  1904. 
Dwight.  Timothy.  May  26, 

1916. 
East.    Sir    Edward.    Sept.    28, 

•I   Q-j   O 

Eddy.  'Mary    Baker,    Dec.    3. 

Edmunds.  G.  F..  Feb.  27.  1919. 
Edward  VII..  May  6,  1910. 
Edwards.  Amelia  B.,  April  15. 

1  SQ*} 

Eggleston,     Edward,     Sept.    3, 

1  QO*^ 

Eggleston.    G.  Cary,  April   14, 

1  Ql_l 

Ehrlich.  Paul.  Aug.  20,   1915. 
Eisner.   K..   Feb.   21.    1919. 
Elizabeth.    Empress,    Sept.   10, 

1  RQ8 

Elkins.'  S.  B..  Jan.  4.   1911." 
(Ellis.   Edw.  S..  June  20.  1916. 
Emmett,      "Fritz."     June     15. 

1  8Q1 
English.      Wm.     H.,     Feb.     7, 

Erlang-er.  C..  April  24.   1919. 
Evans.     Robley     D.,     Jan.     3, 

1912. 
Evarts.     Wm.     M..     Feb.     28, 

1901. 

Faguet.  E..  June  7.  1916. 
Fair.  James  G..  Dec.  28,  1894. 
Fairbanks.     C.     W..     June    4. 

Fairchi'ld.     Lucius,     May     23. 

1896. 
Faithfull.      Emily,      June      1. 

1895 

Parley.'  J.  M..   Sept.  17.  1918. 
Farjeon.  B.  L..  July  23.  1903. 
Faure,   Felix,   Feb.  16,   1899. 
Fenn.  G.  M..  Augr.  27.  1909. 
Ferdinand.  Archduke,  June  28, 

1914. 
Ferrer.     Francisco,     Oct.     13. 


Field.  Cyrus  W..  July  12.  1892. 
Field.   Eugene.  Nov.  4.   1895. 
Field.  Kate,  May   18.   1896. 
Field.  Marshall.  Jan.  16.  1906. 
Field.  R.  M..  Nov.  11.  1902. 


Field.  Roswell,  Jan.  10.   1919. 
Field.  S.  J..  April  9,   1899. 
Finlay.   Chas.,   Aug.   20.    1915. 
Fisk.  Clinton  B..  July  9,  1890. 
Fitch,  George.  Aug.  9.  1915. 
Flagler.  H.  M..  May  20,  1913. 
Florence.    Wm.    J.,     Nov.    19. 

1891. 

Flower.  R.  P.,  May  12.  1899. 
Foraker,  J.  B..  May  10,  1917. 
Forbes.    Archibald,   March   30. 

1900. 

Ford,  Patrick.  Sept.  23,  1913. 
Foss.  Cyrus  D.,  Jan.  29.  1910. 
Foster.  Geo.  B..  Dec.  22.  1918. 
Fox.  Delia,  June  16,   1913. 
Fox.  John,  Jr..  July  8.  1919. 
Francis   Joseph    I.,    Nov.    21, 

Frederick  VIII..  May  14.  1912. 
Frederick,  Empress,  Aug.  5. 

1901 

Fremont.  J.  C.,  July  13,  1890. 
French.  W.  M.  R..  June  3, 

1914. 

Frohman.  Chas.,  May  7,  1915. 
Froude.  Jas.  A..  Oct.  20,  1894. 
Frye.  Wm.  P..   Aug.  8.  1911. 
Fuller.    M.   W.,   July    4.    1910. 
Funston.  F..   Feb.  19,  1917. 
Furness,  H.  H.,  Aug.  13,  1912. 
Gaillard,  D.  D..  Dec.  5,    1913. 
Gallieni.  J.  S..  May  27.  1916. 
Gardiner.  Asa  B.,  May  28.  1919 
Garnett,  Henry,  Nov.  5,  1914. 
Gary.  Jos.  E..  Oct.  31,   1906. 
Gates.  John  W.,  Aug.  9,  1911. 
Gay  nor.     Wm.     J..     Sept.     1 

1913. 

Geikie,  Jas.,  March  2.   1915. 
George.   Henry.   Oct.  29,  1896. 
George  I.   (Greece),  March  18, 

1913. 

Gilbert,  Wm.  S..  May  2,  1911. 
Gilder,  Jeannette  L..  Jan.  17. 

1916. 

Gilder.   R.  W.,  Nov.  18.   1909. 
Gill.  David.  Jan.  24,  1914. 
Gilmore,  Patrick  S..   Sept.  24, 

1892. 
Gladden,   Washington,   July   2, 

1918. 
Gladstone.     W.    E..    May     19, 

1898. 

Goode,  Geo.  B.,  Sept.  6,  1896. 
Goodwin,  J.  C..  Dec.  18.  1912. 
Goodwin.  N.  C..  Jan.  31.  1919. 
Gould.  Jay.  Dec.  2.  1892. 
Gould.  Nath'l,  July  25.  1919. 
Gounod.  Charles  F.,  Oct.  18, 

1893. 

Grant.  F.  D..   April  11.   1912. 
Grau.   H..    Oct.   27.    1912. 
Gray.  Elisha.  Jan.  21.   1901. 
Green,    Hetty.    July    3.    1916. 
Gresham.   Walter  Q.,  May   28, 

1895. 

Grieg.    Edvard.   Sept.  4.    1907. 
Grodekoff.  N.  I.,  Dec.  26.  1913. 
Grundy.  Sydney.  July  4,  1914. 
Guild.  Curtis,  April  6,  1915. 
Guilmant.    F.    A.,    March    30, 

1911. 

Haeckel.  E.  H..  Aug.  9.  1919. 
Hagenbeck.  Carl,  April  14, 

1913. 

Hale.  Edw.  E..  June  10,  1909. 
Halevy.  Ludovic.  May  8,  1908. 
Halstead.  Murat.  July  2,  1908. 
Hamilton.  Gail.  Aug.  17.  1896. 
Hampton.  Wade.  Apr.  11.  1902 
Hanlon.  Edward.  Jan.  4,  1908. 
Hanna.  M.  A..  Feb.  15,  1904. 
Hanshaw.  T.  W..  Mar.  4,  1914. 
Harahan.  J.  T..  Jan.  22.  1912. 
Hardie.  J.  K..  Sept.  26.  1915. 


Harlan.  John  M..  Oct.  14.  1911. 
Harper.  Olive,  May  3,  1915. 
Harper.  Wm.  R.,  Jan.  10,  1906. 
Harpignies.     H.    J.,    Aug.    28, 

1916. 
Harriman.     E.     H..     Sept.     9. 

1909. 
Harris.    J.    Chandler.    July    3. 

1908. 

Harris.  Wm.  T.,  Nov.  5,  1909. 
Harrison.  Benj.,  Mar.  13,  1901. 
Harrison,  Carter,  Sr..  Oct.  28. 

1893. 

Hatch.  Rufus,  Feb.  23,   1893. 
Hay,  John,  July  1,   1905. 
Hayes.  R.  B..  Jan.  17,   1893. 
Hearn,      Lafcadio.     Sept.      26. 

1904. 
Hearst.  Mrs.  P.  A..  April  13. 

1919. 

Heilprin.  Angelo.  July  17.  1907. 
Heilprin.  Louis,  Feb.  13,  1912. 
Henderson,    C.    R.,    March    29. 

1915. 

Henderson,  D.  B.,  Feb.  25. 1906. 
Henry,  O..  June  5,   1910. 
Hepburn.  W.  P.,  Feb.  7.  1916. 
Herbert.  H.  A.,  March  6,  1919. 
Herkomer,  H.,  Mar.  31.   1914. 
Herne.  Jas.  A.,  June  2,  1901. 
Hertling.    G.   F.    von.    Jan.    4, 

1919. 

Hewitt,  A.  S..  Jan.  18,  1903. 
Heyse.  Paul,  April  2.  1914. 
Higginson,     H.     L.,     Nov.     14. 

1919. 
Higinbotham,  H.  N..  April  18. 

1919. 

Hilkoff,  M.,  March  21.  1909. 
Hill.  David  B..  Oct.  20.  1910. 
Hill.  Jas.  J..  May  29.  1916. 
Hitchcock,  E.  A..  Apr.  9.  1909. 
Hitt,  John,  April  29,   1911. 
Hitt,  Robt.  R.,  Sept.  20.  1906. 
Hoar.  Geo.  F.,  Sept.  30,  1904. 
Hoard.  Wm.  D..  Nov.  22.  1918. 
Hobart.  G.  A..  Nov.  21,  1899. 
Hodler,  Ferd.,  May  21,  1918. 
Hoe.  Robert.   Sept.  22.  1909. 
Holden.   E.  S.,  Mar.  16.  1914. 
Hollaender,  G.,  Dec.  6,  1915. 
Holleben.  T.  v.,  Feb.  1.  1913. 
Holman,  W.  S.,  April  22.  1897. 
Holmes.     Mary     J.,     Oct.     6. 

1907. 
Holmes,    Oliver    W.,    Oct.    7. 

1894. 

Howard,  O.  O.,  Oct.  26.  1909. 
Howe,  Julia  W.,  Oct.  17.  1910. 
Hoxie,  Vinnie  R..  Nov.  20. 

1914. 

Hubbard.  Mbert,  May  7.  1915. 
Huerta,   V..   Jan.  13.    1916. 
Humbert.  King,  July  29.  1900. 
Hunt.  Wm.  H.,  Sept.  7.  1910. 
Huntington,    C.    P.,    Aug.    14. 

1900. 
Hutchins.     Stilson,     April    22. 

1912. 

Huxley.  T.  H..  June  29.  1894. 
Hyacinthe,  Pere.  Feb.  9.  1912. 
Ibsen.   Henrik,  May  23.   1906. 
Ignatieff,  N.  P..  July  4.  1908. 
Ingalls.  J.  J..  Aug.  16.  1900. 
Ingersoll.  R.  G..  July  21.  1899. 
Ireland.  John.  Sept.  25,   1918. 
Irving,  Henry.  Oct.  18.  1905. 
Irving.     Laurence.     May     29. 

1914. 
Isherwood.    B.    P.,    June    19. 

1915. 

Israels.  Joseph,  Aug.  12.  1911. 
Ito.  Admiral  Y..  Jan.  14.  1914. 
James.  Henry.  Feb.  28.  1916. 
Jameson.  L.  S..  Nov.  26.  1917. 
Jaures.  J.  L..  July  31.  1914. 


772 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Jefferson,  Jos.,  Apr.  23,  1905. 
Jewett,     Sarah    O.,    June    24, 

1909. 

Joachim,  Jos.,  Aug.  15.  1907. 
Jokai,  Maurus,  May  5,  1904. 
Johnson,     Eastman,     April    5, 

1906. 

Johnson,  J.  A.,  Sept.  21.  1909. 
Jones,  Fernando,  Nov.  8,  1911. 
Joubert.  Gen..  Mar.  27.  1900. 
Judd,  Orange,  Dec.  27,  1892. 
Judge,  W.  Q.,  Mar.  22,  1896. 
Judith,  Mme..  Oct.  27.  1912. 
Kaempf,  J.,  May  25,  1918. 
Katsuro,  Taro,  Oct.  10.  1913. 
Keene,  Jas.  R.,  Jan.  3,  1913. 
Kelcey,  Herbert,  July  10,  1917. 
Kellogg,  Clara  L.,  May  13, 

1916. 

Kelly,  Myra.  March  31,   1910. 
Kelvin,  Lord.  Dec.  17.  1907. 
Kendal,  W.  H.,  Nov.   6,  1917. 
Kiderlen-Waechter.      A.      von, 

Dec.  30,  1912. 

Kiralfy.  Imre.  April  27,  1919. 
Kitchener,  H.  H.,  June  5.  1916. 
Kjelland.  Alex.,  April  6,  1906. 
Knott,  J.  P.,  June  8,  1911. 
Koch,  Robert,  May  27.  1910. 
Kossuth,  Louis.  Mar.  20.  1894. 
Kruger,  Paul,  July  14,  1904. 
Kwang-Hsu.  Nov.  14.  1908. 
Labouchere.    Henry.    Jan.    16, 

1912. 
La    Farge.     John,     Nov.     14, 

1910. 

Lamar.  J.  R.,  Jan.  2,  1916. 
Lamprecht.  K.,  May  11.  1915. 
Landon,     M.     DeL..    Dec.     16. 

1910. 

Lang1,  Andrew.  July  21,  1912. 
Lang-ley,  S.  P.,  Feb.  27.  1906. 
Larcom,  Lucy.  April  17.  1893. 
Laurier.  W..  Feb.  17,  1919. 
Lawton.  H.  W..  Dec.  19.  1899. 
Layton.  F..  Aug-.  16,  1919. 
Lecocq.  C.,  Oct.  25,   1918. 
Lee,  Margaret,  Dec.  26.  1914. 
Le  Febre.  J.  J.,  Feb.  24.  1912. 
Lemaitre,  F.  E..  Aug.  6.  1914. 
Leo  XIII..  July  20,  1903. 
Leoncavallo,  R..  Aug.  9,  1919. 
Leopold  II..  Dec.  17,  1909. 
Leroux,  X.  H..  Feb.  3.  1919. 
Lewis,  A.  H..  Dec.  23.   1914. 
Liebknecht.  K..  Jan.  16.  1919. 
Li  Hung-Chang.  Nov.  7,  1901. 
Liliuokalani.   Nov.   11.    1917. 
Lister,  Joseph,  Feb.   11.  1912. 
Lockwood,    Belva.     May     19, 

1917. 

Logan.  Olive,  April  23,   1909. 
Lombroso.  C..  Oct.  19.  1909. 
London.   Jack.  Nov.  27.  1916. 
Long-,  John  D..  Aug.  27.  1915. 
Longpre,    Paul    de,    June    29, 

1911. 

Lorimer.  G.  C.,  Sept.  8,  1904. 
Lossing.  B.  J..  June  3.  1891. 
Low.  Seth,  Sept.  17.  1916. 
Lowell.  Jas.  R..  Aug.  12,  1891. 
Lowell,  P..  Nov.  12.  1916. 
Loyson,  Charles,  Feb.  9.  1912. 
LubVock.  J.   (see  AveburyJ. 
Lublin,   David,  Jan.   1.   1919. 
Lucca,  Pauline,  Feb.  28.  1908. 
Lurton,  Horace,  July  12,  1914. 
Luxembourg,    Rosa,    Jan.    16. 

1919. 

Maartens,  M..   Aug.  4.   1915. 
Mabie.  H.  W..  Dec.  31,  1916. 
Mace.  Jem.  Nov.  30.   1910. 
MacNaughton,  Mrs.  A.,  March 

31.   1910. 
MacVeagh,  W.,  Jan.  11.  1917. 


Magruder,   Benj.  D.,  April  21. 

1910. 

Mahan,  A.  T..  Dec.  1.  1914. 
Mandel,  Leon,  Nov.  4,  1911. 
Manning-,     Cardinal,    Jan.    14, 

1892. 

Mansfield,  R..  An,?.  30.  1907. 
Marble,  M.,  July  24,  1917. 
Maretzek,  Max.  May  14,  1897. 
Markham.  C.  R.,  Jan.  30,  1916. 
Marryat,     Florence,     Oct.    27. 

1899. 

Marsh.  O.  C.,  March  18,  1899. 
Marsh,  R.,   Aug.  10.   1915. 
Martinelli,   S.,  July  5,   1918. 
Massenet,      Jules,      Aug.      13, 

1912. 

Mathews,  Wm.,  Feb.  15,  1909. 
Maupassant,    Guy   de,    July    6. 

1893. 

Maxim.  H.  S..  Nov.  24,  1916. 
Mead,  L.   G.,  Oct.  15,   1910. 
Medill,  Jos..  March  16.  1899. 
Meissonier,  Jan.  31,  1891. 
Melville,     G.    W..    March    17. 

1912. 

Mendes.  Catulle,  Feb.  8,  1909. 
Menelik  II.,  Dec.  12.  1913. 
Menzel,  Adolf,  Feb.  9,  1905. 
Meredith.  Geo..  May  18,  1909. 
Merritt,  Wesley.  Dec.  3,  1911. 
Metchnikoff.  E.,  July  17.  1916. 
Meyer,  G.  v.  L.,  Mar.  9.  1918. 
Michel.   Louise.   Jan.   9,    1905. 
Millais,    Sir    John,    Aug.    13. 

1896. 

Miller.  Joaquin.  Feb.  17.  1913. 
Miller,   Roswell.  Jan.  3,   1913. 
Millet.  F.  D..  April  15.   1912. 
Mills.   Benj.  F..  May   1,   1916. 
Mills,  L.  L.,  Jan.   18,   1909. 
Mills.  Roger  Q.,  Sept.  2.  1911. 
Mirbeau,  O..  Feb.  16.  1917. 
Mistral.    Frederic.    March    25, 

1914. 

Mitchel.  J.  P.,  July  6.   1918. 
Mitchell.  John,   Sept.  9,  1919. 
Mitchell,    Maggie,    March    22. 

1918. 
Modjeska,     Helena.     April     8, 

1909. 

Monvel,  B.  de,  March  16,  1913. 
Moody,  D.  L.,  Dec.  22.  1899. 
Morgan,  J.  P..  Mar.  31,  1913. 
Morrison.     W.    R..     Sept.     29, 

1909. 

Morton.  Paul,  Jan.  19.  1911. 
Mosby,  John  S.,  May  30.  1916. 
Moscheles.  F..  Dec.  22,  1917. 
Most,  Johann,  March  17,  1906. 
Moulton,   Louise  C.,   Aug.   10. 

1908. 
Muensterberg,      H..    Dec.     16, 

1916. 

Muir,   John.   Dec.  24,   1914. 
Murphy,  J.  B.,  Aug.  11,  1916. 
Murray.    J.    A.    H..    July    26, 

1915. 
Murray,    Sir  John.   March   16, 

1914. 
Mutsuhito,   Emperor,  July  30, 

1912. 
McArthur,     John,      May      15, 

1906. 
McCarthy,    Justin,    April     24. 

1912. 

McClure.  A.  K.,  June  6.  1909. 
McCormick,    R.    S..    April    16, 

1919. 

McCosh,  Jas..  Nov.  16,  1894. 
McGovern,  T.,  Feb.  22.  1918. 
McKinley.  W..  Sept.  14,  1901. 
McLean,  J.  R..  June  9.  1916. 
McRea.  Jas.,  March.  28,  1913. 
McVicker,  J.  H..  Mar.  7.  1896. 
Naeyer,  E.  D..  Sept.  10.  1913. 


i  Nares,  Geo.  S..  Jan.  16,  1915. 
Nation.  Carrie,  June  9,  1911. 
Nelson,  W.  R..  April  12,  1915. 
Newcomb,     Simon.     July     11, 

1909. 

Newman,  J.  H.,  Aug.  1.1,  1890. 
Nightingale,  Florence.  Aug. 

14,   1910. 

Nixon.  Wm.  P.,  Feb.  20,  1912. 
]Sogi,  M.,  Sept.  13.  1912. 
Noidica,      Lillian,      May      10. 

1914. 

Nye,  Edgar  W.,  Feb.  21,  1896. 
O'Brien,  R.  B.,  Mar.  19,  1918. 
Ochiltree,  Thos.,  Nov.  26. 

1902. 

Ohnet,  Georges,  May  5,  1918. 
Oliphant.  Mrs.  M.,  June  25, 

1897. 

Ollivier,  Emile,  Aug.  20.  1913. 
Olney.  Richard,  April  8,  1917. 
Orchardson,  W.  O..  April  13, 

1910. 

O'Reilly,  J.  B.,  Aug.  11.  1890. 
O'Reilly,  R.  M.,  Nov.  3.  1912. 
Oscar  II..  Dec.  8.  1907 
Otis,  H.  G.,  July  30.  1917. 
Otto,    King,    Oct.    11,    1916. 
"Ouida"  (Louise  de  la  Ramee). 

Jan.  24,  1908. 
Page.  W.  H..  Dec.  22.  1918. 
Paine.   C.  J.,   Aug.  14,   1916. 
Paine.  R.  T.,  Aug.  11.  1910. 
Palma,     Tomas,     E..    Nov.    4. 

1908. 

Palmer.  J.  M.,  Sept.  25.  1900. 
Palmer,  Potter,  May  4,  1902. 
Palmer.  Mrs.  Potter.  May  5, 

1918. 

Palmer.  T.  W.,  June  1.  1913. 
Parker,  Jos.,  Nov.   28,   1902. 
Parkman,     Francis.     Nov.     8, 

1893. 

Prssy.  Fred.  June  12.  1912. 
Pastor,  "Tony."  Aug.  26.  1908. 
Patti.  Adelina.  Sept.  27,  1919. 
Payer,  J.  von.,  Aug.  31,  1915. 
Paz.  J.  C.  P..  March  10,  1912. 
Pearsons.  D.  K.,  April  27. 

1912. 

Peck,   G.  W.,   April  16.  1916. 
Peck.  H.  T..  March  23.   1914. 
Peffer,  W.  A.,  Oct.  7,  1912. 
Pennypacker.    S.   A.,    Sept.    2, 

1916. 

Pickering.  E.  C..  Feb.  3.  1919. 
Picquart,  M.  G..  Jan.  18.  1914. 
Pierrepont.    E..   Mar.   6.    1892. 
°ingree,  H.  S.,  June  18.  1901. 
Pitou,  A.,  Dec.  4,  1915. 
Pittman,  Ben,  Dec.  28.  1910. 
Pius   X..    Aug.    20,    1914. 
Platt,    T.    C.,    March    6.    1910. 
Playfair.  Lyon,  May  29.  1898. 
Plympton,  E.,  April  12.  1915. 
Poincare,  J.  H.,  July  18,  1912. 
Poole,   Wm.  F..  Mar.  1,  1894. 
Poor,    H.   W.,  April  13.    1915. 
Porter,  Noah.  March  4.   1892. 
I  Potter,  H.  C.,  July  21.  1908. 
I  Poynter,  E.  J..  July  26,  1919. 
Pratt,   B.   L.,   May   18,   1917. 
Piatt,  John  J.,  Feb.  16.  1917. 
Pia,    Maria.   July   5,    1911. 
Perkins,  Eli,  Dec.  16.  1910. 
Pryor.  R.  A.,  March  14,  1919. 
Pulitzer,    Jos.,    Oct.   29.    1911. 
Pullman,  G.  M.,  Oct.  19.  1897. 
Pyle,  Howard,  Nov.  9,  1911. 
Rampolla,    Cardinal,    Dec.    16, 

1913. 

Ramsay,  Wm.,  July  23.  1916. 

Randall.  S.  J..  April  13.  1890. 

Rankin,  McK.,   Apr.  17.   1914. 

.  Rayleigh.  J.  W.,  June  20,  1919. 

;  Reclus,  Elisee,  July  4,  1905. 


MMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


773. 


Redmond.  J.  E..  Mar.  6.  1918. 
Reed.  Thos.  B..   Doc.   7     1902. 
Rehan.   Ada.  Jan.  8,   1916 
Reid.  Whitelaw.  Dec.  15.  1912. 
Remenyi,     Edouard,     May    15, 

1  CQQ 

Remington.  P..  DPC.  26.  1909. 
Renan.  Jos.  E.,  Oct.  2    1892. 
Reszke,   Edouard  de.   May  30. 

1  Q1  7 

Rexford.     Eben    E..     Oct.    18, 

Rhode6s,  Cecil.  Mar.  26.  1902. 
Ridpath.  J.  C..  July  31.  1900. 
Riis  Jacob  A..  May  26,  1914. 
Riley  J.  W..  July  22,  1916. 
Ristori.  Adelaide.  Oct  9.  1906. 
Roberts.  Lord,  Nov.  14.  1914. 
Robson.  Stuart.  Apr.  29.  1903. 
Rochefort,  Henri.  July  1.  1913. 
Rockhill.  W.  W..  Dec  8.  1914. 
Rodin.  A..  Nov.  17  1917. 
Roebling.  W..  April  15.  1912. 
Rogers.  H.  H..  May  19,  1909. 
Rojestvensky.  S..  Jan.  14, 


Rosewater, 


Rothschild,  N.  M.,   March  31. 

1  Oil  ^ 

Roulede.  P.  de.  Jan.  30.  1934. 
Rubinstein.    A.    G..    Nov.    20. 


1  RQ 

Ruskin.  John.  Jan.  20.   1900 
Russell,   Sir  Charles.  Aug.  10, 

Rufs°ell.     Wm.     H..     Feb.     10. 

1907. 

<;ae-asta     P    M      Jan.   5.   1903. 
lalrRussell,  July  22.  1906. 
Sage,  Mrs.  R.,  Nov.  4.  1918. 
Saint-Gaudens,     August.     Aug. 

o      1  QQ'T 

St.'  John.'    Florence,    Jan.    30. 

SLJohn.  J.  P..  Aug.  31.  1916. 
Salisbury.      Lord.      Aug.      Z». 

Salvini',    Alexandre,    Dec.    14, 

1  89B.  ~t  r\-\  c* 

Salvini.  Tomasso.  Jan.  1.  1916. 
Sampson.  W.  T.,  May  6.  19 
Sankey.  Ira  D.,  Aug.  13.  1908. 
Sarasate.  P.  de.  Sept.  20.  1908. 
Sardou.     Victonen.     Nov.      8. 

Pa\??l!:  Francis    Jan    8.  1910. 
Schaefen      Jacob,      March      8, 

ScMey'W    S..  Oct.  2.  1911. 
ScKlfemann.  H..  Dec.  25.  1890. 
Schurz,  Carl,  May  14.  1906. 
Scott.     Robt.    F..    March    29. 


no. 
Seton-Karr.     Henry.    May    29. 

1  Q1  4- 

Shaw    Anna  H     July  2.  1919. 
Shelley.  Kate,  Jan.  21.  1912 
Sheridan.     M.     V.,     Feb.     21, 

Sherman.  J.  S.,  Oct.  30.  1912. 
Sherman.  John,  Oct.  22.  1900. 
Sherman,  W.  T..  Feb.  14. 

Shoots:  T.  P..  ^>t    21     1910. 
Sickles.  D.  E..  M^y  3.  1914. 
Bienkiewioz.  H..  Nov.  16.  1916. 
Sigel.  Franz    Aug  .21     1902 
Smiles.  Sam'l.  Apnl  16.  1904. 


Smith.  F.  H..  April  7.  1915. 
Smith.  Goldwin.  June  7,  1910. 
Smith.  Jos.  F.  Nov.  19.  1918. 
Smyth.  J.  M..  Nov.  4,  1909. 
Soldene,  Emily,  April  8.  1912. 
Sophia,  Queen,  Dec.  30.  1913. 
Spencer.  Herbert,  Dec.  8,  1903. 
Spooner,  J.  C..  June  11.  1919. 
Spragrue.  O.  S.  A.,  Feb.  20. 

1909 

Sprague,  Wm..  Sept.  11.  19il5. 
Spreckels,  Claus,  Dec.  26. 

1908. 
Stanford.     Leland.     June     20, 

1893 

I  Stanl  y.  H.  M.,  May  10.  1904. 
i  Stanton.  E.  C..  Oct.  26,  1902. 
,  Ste?d.  W.  T.,  April  15.  1912. 
I  Stedman.  E.  C..  Jan.  18.  1908. 
|  Stephenson.  I.,  Mar.  15,  1918. 
Stevenson.  A.  E.,  June  14, 

1914. 

Stillman.  Jas.,  March  15.  1918. 
Stockton.  F.  R.,  April  20, 

1902. 

Stolypin.  P.  A.,  Sept.  18,  1911. 
Storey,  Geo.  A..  July  29.  1919. 
Story.  Julian.  Feb.  24,  1919. 
Strakosch.     Max,     March     17, 

1892. 
St-athcona.     Lord,     Jan.     21. 

1914 

Strauss.  Eduard,  Dec.  30.  191  R. 
Pt-auss.  Joh.inn.  May  3.  1899. 
Strindberg.  A..  May  14.  1912. 
Stuart.  Ruth  McE.,  May  4. 

Sullivan.  Sir  Arthur,  Nov.  22. 

1900 

Sullivan,  J.  L..  Feb.  2.  1918. 
Suppe,  Franz  v.,  Jnne  21.  1  "05. 
Sutro.  Adolph,  Aug.  8.  1898. 
Suttner.    Bertha    V.,    June    21. 

1914 

Svendsen.  J.  S.,  June  14.  1911. 
Swift.  Louis,   Jan.  5.    1913. 
Swinburne.    A.    C.,    April    10. 

1909 

Swing-,  David.   Oct.  3.  1894. 
Sylva.  Carmen.  Mar.  2,  1916. 
Tnina    H.  A..  March  5.  1893. 
Talmage.     F.     DeW.,    Feb.     9. 

1912. 
Talmage.   T.    DeW..    April    12. 

1902. 

Tanner.  H.  S..  Dec.  28.  1918. 
Teller.  H.  M..  Feb.  23,  1914. 
Tenniel.  John,  Feb.  26.  1914. 
Tennyson.  Alfred.  Oct.  6.  1892. 
Terry    A.  H.,  Dec.  16,   1890. 
Terr?.  E.  O.,   April  2,  1912. 
Thaxter.    Celia    L..    Aug.    27, 

Thebes!  Mme.  de.  Dec.  26.  1916. 
Thureau-Dagnan,  P.,  Feb.  24, 

•1  O1  O 

Thurman.  A.  G..  Dec.  12,  1895. 
Thwaites.  R.  G..  Oct.  22.  1913. 
Ticknor.  B.  H.,  Jan.  17.  1914. 
Tillman.  B.  R..  July  3.  1918. 
Tilton.  Theo.,  May  25.  1907 
Tisza.  K.  de,  March  23,  1902. 
Tolstoy.  Leo,  Nov.  20,  1910. 
Torney.  G.  H.,  Dec.  27    1913 
Tourg-ee.  A.  W.,  May  21.  1905. 
Townsend,    G.    A..    Apnl    15, 
1  Q14 


. 
Trowbridge,    J.    T.,    Feb.    12, 

Tschaikowsky.  Nov.  5.  1893. 
Tsu-Hsi.   Nov.    15,    1908 
Tnlev    M.  F.,  Dec.  25.   190o. 
Twain.    Mark,     (see    Clemens. 
S.  L.). 


Tyndall.   John.   Dec.  4,    1893. 
Vambery.   Arminius,   Sept.  15,. 

1913. 
Vanderbilt.  '  A.     G.,     May     7. 

1915. 

Vanderbilt.  C.,  Sept.  12.  1899.. 
Van  Hise,  C.  R..  Nov.  19, 

1918. 

Van  Nord"n.  W..  Jan.  1,  1914, 
Van  Wyek,  R.  A.,  Nov.  15, 

1918. 

Verdi.  Giuseppe,  Jan.  27,  1901. 
Verhaeren.  E..  Nov.  27.  1916.. 
Verne.  Jules,  March  24,  1905. 
Victoria.  Queen,  Jan.  22,  1901. 
Vilas.  Wm.  F..  Aug.  27,  1908. 
Villa-d.  Hen-y.  Oct.  12.  1900. 
Vi~chow.  Rudolph,  Sept.  5. 

1902. 
Vo-^  h-es.     D.    W.,     April    10. 

1897. 

Wagner,  C.  W.,  May  13,  1918. 
W-ite.  C.  B.,  M  ch  25,  1909. 
Walker.  Dr.  Mary,  Feb.  21. 

1919. 

Wallace.  A.  R.,  Nov.  7.  1913. 
Ward.  A.  Mont..  Dsc.  7.  1913. 
Ward,  J.  Q.  A..  May  1.  1910. 
Ward.  May  A.,  Jan.  14,  1918. 
Ware,  Eug-ene  F.,  July  2.  1911.. 
Warman.  Cy.  April  7.  1914. 
Washington.  B.  T..  Nov.  14. 

1915. 
Watts-Dunton.    W.  T.,  June  7, 

1914. 

Weaver.  Jas.  B.,  Feb.  6,  1912.. 
Webster.  Jean,  June  11.  1916. 
•v  11s.  Kate.  G.,  Dec.  13,  1911. 
Westinghouse.  G..  March  12, 

1914. 

Wheeler.  Jos..  Jan.  25,  1906_ 
Whistler.  J.  A.  McN.,  July  17. 

1903. 

White.  A.  D..  Nov.  4,   1918. 
White.  Horace.  Sept.  16.  1916. 
Whitney.  M.  W.  Sept  19.  1910. 
Whitney.  W.  C..  Feb.  2,  1904. 
Whittier.  J.  G..  Sept.  7.  1892. 
Whymper.  E.,  Sept.  16,  1911. 
\ViKox,     E.la     W.,     Oct.     30, 

1019. 

Wilde.  Oscar.  Nov.  30,  1900. 
Wilder.   M.   P..   Jan.   10.    1915. 
Wilhelmj.  Aug.,  Jan.  23.  1908. 
Willa-d.    Frances  E..   Feb.   17. 

1898. 
Wilson.    Augusta   E.,   Aug.   Q. 

3909. 
Wilson.      Ellen     L.,     Aug.     6. 

1914. 

Windom.  Wm.,  Jan.  29,  1891. 
Wines.   F.   H.,  Jan.  31,   1912. 
Winter,   J.  S.,  D3<;.  14,  1911. 
Winter.  Wm..  June  30.  1917. 
Wiltle.  S.  J.,  March  12.   1915. 
Wols-ley.  Viscount.  March  25. 

1913 

Woodfdrd,  S.  L.,  Feb.  14,  1913. 
Woodruff.  T.  L..  Oct.  12. 

Woolley.    Celia    P..    March    9. 


"  C.  D..  Feb.  20,  1909. 
Wright.  Wilbur.  May  30,  1912. 
Wymsn.  A.  U..  March  4,  1915. 
Wyman.      Walter.      Nov.      21. 


Wyndham.      Chas.,     Jan. 


Yates.  E.  H..   May  20.   1894. 
Yea  mans.     Annie.     March     3. 

191° 

Yerkes!  C.  T..  D*c.  29.  1905. 
Yu;>n   Shih-kai.  Jnne  6.    1916. 
Zeppelin,  F..  March  8.   1917. 
Zola.  Emile,  Sept.  29,  1902. 


774 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


STATES,   CAPITALS,    GOVERNORS    AND   LEGISLATURES. 

State   or   terri-  Term.  Term  Next  leg- 

tory.  Capital.  Governor.  yrs.  Salary,    expires.          islature. 


Alabama     Montgomery..  Thos.  F.  Kilby.  D....4  $5,000  Jan.  1923    JJan. 

Alaska    Territory. Juneau    fThomas  Riggs.  Jr.,  D.4      7,000  Apr.  1922    *Mar. 

Arizona    Phooenix    T.   E.   Campbell  R 2      6.500  Jan.  1921 

Arkansas    Little    Rock...Chas.  H.  Brougrh.  D..2     4.000  Jan.  1921    Man. 

California     Sacramento. ..  W.  D.  Stephens.   R...4  10.000  Jan.  1923   Man. 

Colorado    Denver   O.  H.  Shoup,  R 2 

Connecticut  Hartford    M.    H.    Holcomb.    R..2 

Delaware    Dover   J.  G.  Townsend,  Jr.,R.4 

Dist.  of  Columbia.  Washington 


6.000  Jan.  1921 
5.000  Jan.  1921 
4.000  Jan.  192-1  *Jan. 


1923 
1921 

Nov.  1921 
1921 
1921 

Jan. 

Jan. 


1921 
1921 
1921 


Limit 
session 
50  days 
60  days 
None. 
60  days 
60  dayg 
90  days 
None. 
None. 


Florida  Tallahassee...  S.    J.    Catts.    D 4 

Georgia    Atlanta H.   M.   Dorsey.   D 2 

.tChas.  J.  McCarthy,  D.4 


,D.    W.   Davis,    R... 
,F.    O.   Lowden,    R. 


Hawaii Honolulu 

Idaho  Boise     City.. 

Illinois    Springfield    . 

Indiana    Indianapolis... J.  P.   Goodrich.  R 

Iowa    Des     Moines...W.  L.  Harding,   R 

Kansas     Topeka    Henry  J.  Allen.  R — 2 

Kentucky    Frankfort E.    P.   Morrow.    R 4 

Louisiana  Baton    Rouge. R.   G.   Pleasant.   D....4 

Maine    Augusta     ......C.  E.  Milliken.  R 2 

Maryland    Annapolis     ...A.    C.    Ritchie.    D 4 


6.000  Jan.  1921    Man. 

5.000  June  1921     June 

7,000  June  1922   Man. 

5,000  Jan.  1921  Man. 
4  12.000  Jan.  1921  Man. 
4  8.000  Jan.  192-1  Man. 
2  5.000  Jan.  1921  Man. 
2  5.000  Jan.  1921  Man. 

6.500  Dec.  1923    Man. 

7,500  May  1920 

3.000  Jan.  1921 

4.500  Jan.  1924 


May 
Jan. 

Massachusetts    ..  .Boston     .......  C.    Coolidge.    R...'.!!*.ll  10!000  Jan.  1921     Jan.' 

Michigan  Lansing    A.  E.  Sleeper,  R 2     5.000  Jan.  1921   Man. 

Minnesota    .St.    Paul J.  A..A.  Burnquist,  R.  2 

Mississippi    Jackson     L.   M.  Russell,   D 4 

Missouri    Jefferson  City.  F.  D.  Gardner.  D 4 

Montana    Helena     S.  V.   Stewart.    D 4 

Nebraska    Lincoln    S.  R.  McKelvie.  R....2 

Nevada  Carson    City...E.  D.   Boyle.   D 4 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 


,.J.  H.  Bartlett  R... 
..E.  I.  Edwards  D.. 
..O.  O.  Larrazolo  R., 

..A.  E.  Smith,  D 

. .T.  W.  Bickett.  D... 
..L.  J.  Frazier,  R... 


New  Hampshire.. .Concord 

New  Jersey Trenton 

New  Mexico Santa    Fe 

New    York Albany    . 

North  Carolina.... Raleigh 

North  Dakota Bismarck 

Ohio  Columbus 

Oklahoma    Okla.    City....  J.  B.  A.  Robertson.  D.4 

Oregon    Salem     B.  W.  Olcott,  R 4 

Pennsylvania  Harrisburg1     ..W.  C.  Sproul,  R — 

Philippines    Manila     tF.  B.  Harrison.  D...  . 

Porto    Rico San   Juan    ....tArthur    Yager.    D 

Rhode  Island Providence    ...R.  L.  Beeckman.  R...2 

South    Carolina... Columbia     ....R.   A.  Cooper.   D 2 

South  Dakota Pierre     P.   Norbeck.    R 2 

Tennessee     Nashville     A.  H.  Roberts.  D 2 

Texas    Austin     Wm.  P.  Hobby,  D....2 

Utah  Salt  Lake  City.  S.    Bamberger.    D 4 

Vermont    Montpelier    ...P.  W.   Clement,  R — 2 

Virginia  Richmond 

Washington    Olympia    .. 

West     Virginia ....  Charleston 

Wisconsin     Madison    .. 

Wyoming    Cheyenne 


7.000  Jan.  1921    Man. 
5.000  Jan.  1924   Man. 
5.000  Jan.  1921 
7.500   Jan.  1921 
2.500  Jan.  1921 
7.200  Jan.  1921    Man. 
..2     3.000  Jan.  1921    Man. 
..3  10.000  Jan.  1923     Jan. 
..2     5,000  Jan.  1921     Jan. 
..2  10.000  Jan.  1921     Jan. 
..4     6.500  Jan.  1921  Man. 

.^..  „.  *•* «**.«,, ,   «, 2      5.000  Jan.  1921   Man. 

.J.    M.    Cox.    D 2   10.000  Jan.  1921   Man. 

4.500  Jan.  1923  Man. 
5,000  Jan.  1923  Man. 
4  10.000  Jan.  1923  Man. 

.    20.000        Indef 

.    10.000        Indef 

3.000  Jan.  1921  Jan. 
3.000  Jan.  1921  Jan. 
3.000  Jan.  1921  Man. 
4.000  Jan.  1921  Man. 


.W.  Davis.  D 4 

.Louis  F.  Hart.  R 4 

.John  J.  Cornwell,  D..4 

.E.   L.   Philipp,   R 2 

.R.  D.  Cary.  R 4 


4.000   Jan.  1921  Man. 

6.000   Jan.  1921  Man. 

3.000   Jan.  1921  Man. 

5.000  Feb.  1922  Man. 

6.000  Jan.  1921  Man. 

5.000   Mar.  1921  Man. 

5.000   Jan.  1921  Man. 

4.000  Jan.  1923  Man. 


1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1920 
1920 
192.1 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1920 
1920 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1921 


60  day* 
50  days 

GO'days 
None. 
60  days 
None. 
40  days 
60  dayg 
60  days 
None. 
90  days 
None. 
None. 
90  dayg 
60  days 
70  days 
60  days 
60  days 
60  days 
None. 
None. 
60  dayg 
None. 
60  days 
60  day« 
None. 
None. 
40  days 
None. 


1920 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1919 


None. 
None. 
60  days 
75  daya 
90  days 
60  daya 
None. 
90  days 
60  days 
45  daya 
None. 
40  days 


'Biennial  sessions.    tAppointed  by  the  president.     JQuadrennial    sessions. 


FEDERAL  RESERVE  BANK 

FEDERAL  RESERVE  BOARD. 

Appointed  by  the  president. 
Members.  Terms  expire. 

W.  P.  G.  Harding  (Ala.)   governor 1922 

Albert  Strauss   (N.  Y.)  vice-governor 1928 

Adolph  C.  Miller   (Cal.) 1924 

Charles   S.    Hamlin    (Mass.) 1926 

Henry  A.  Moehlenpah    (Wis.) 1920 

Ex  Officio  Members  —  The  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  chairman,  and  the  comptroller  of 
the  currency. 

Executive  secretary — W.  W.  Hoxton. 
Secretary— W.  T.  Chapman. 
Assistant  secretary— R.  G.  Emerson. 
General  Counsel — George  L.  Harrison. 
Chief.    Division    of    Operations    and    Examina- 
tion—W.  W.  Paddock. 
Fiscal  Agent— W.  M.  Imlay. 

Headquarters — Treasury  department.  Washing- 
ton. D.  C. 

Salaries— Of    five    members,    812,000    a    year; 
Comptroller  of  currency   as   ex    offioio   mem- 
ber  $7.000    a  year   additional    to   his   salary  . 
of  $5.000  as  comptroller.     The  executiv«  see-  l 


DISTRICTS    AND    OFFICIALS. 

retary  receives  $10.000  a  year,  the  secretary 
to  the  board  $6.000.  the  assistant  secretary 
$3.600.  the  general  counsel  $8.500.  the  chief 
of  operations  and  exnmination  $5,000  and 
the  fiscal  agent  $4,000. 

Duties — The  federal  reserve  board  exercises  a 
general  supervision  over  the  affairs  and  man- 
agement of  the  federal  reserve  banks.  It 
has  the  power  to  discount  paper,  issue  fedi 
eral  reserve  notes  and  perform  other  bank- 
ing functions  prescribed  by  the  law.  It 
appoints  its  own  officers  and  employes  and 
derives  its  support  from  assessments  levied 
on  the  reserve  banks.  The  members  of  the 
board  are  appointed  by  the  president  of  the 
United  States. 

FEDERAL    RESERVE    CITIES. 


Dist.  and  city. 

1.  Boston.  Mass. 

2.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

3.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

4.  Cleveland.  O. 

5.  Richmond.  Va. 

6.  Atlanta.   Ga. 


Dist.  and  city. 

7.  Chicago.  111. 

8.  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

9.  Minneapolis.  Minn. 

10.  Kansas   City.   Mo. 

11.  Dallas.  Tex. 

12.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


775 


FEDERAL    RESERVE    DISTRICTS. 

1.  Maine.  New  Hampshire,   Vermont,  Massa- 
chusetts. Rhode  Island  and  all  of  Connecticut 
except   the   county  of  Fairfield. 

2.  The  state  of  New  York  and  the  northern 
part    of    the    state    of   New    Jersey    comprising 
the  counties   of   Berg-en,    Essex,    Hudson,    Hun- 
terdon,  Middlesex,  Monmouth,  Morris,  Passaic, 
Somerset,     Sussex,     Union,     Warren     and     the 
county  of  Fairfield  in  the  state  of  Connecticut. 

3.  All   that   part   of    New   Jersey   comprising 
the  counties  of   Atlantic,   Burlington,   Camden, 
Cape    May,     Cumberland,     Gloucester!    Mercer, 
•Ocean  and   Salem:    the  state   of  Delaware;    all 
that  part  of  Pennsylvania  east  of  the  western 
boundary  of  McKean.   Elk.  Clearfield,  Cambria 
and  Bedford  counties. 

4.  Ohio:   all  that  part  of  Pennsylvania  west 
of  district  No.  3:  Marshall,  Ohio.  Brooke,  Han- 
cock.   Wetzel    and    Tyler    counties.    West    Vir- 
ginia;  all  that  part   of  Kentucky  east   of  the 
western     boundary     of     Boone,     Grant,     Scott, 
Woodford,     Jessamine,     Garrard,    Lincoln.    Pu- 
laski  and  McCreary   counties. 

5.  District   of   Columbia,   Maryland,   Virginia, 
North    Carolina    and    South    Carolina;    all    of 
West  Virginia   except  Marshall.   Ohio.    Brooke, 
Hancock,  Wetzel  and  Tyler  counties. 

6.  Alabama,    Georgia    and   Florida:    all    that 
part  of  Tennessee  east  of  the  western  bound- 
ary  of    Stewart,    Houston,    Wayne.    Humphreys 
and  Perry  counties:  all  that  part  of  Mississippi 
south  of  the  northern  boundary  of  Issaquena. 
Sharkey,  Yazoo,   Kemper.   Madison.  Leake   and 
Neshoba  counties:   all  of  that  part  of  Louisi- 
ana  south   of  the  northern   boundaries  of   the 
parishes  of  Vernon,  Rapides  and  Ayoyelles. 

7.  Iowa;  all  that  part  of  Wisconsin  south  of 
the  northern  boundary  of  Marquette.   Oconto. 


Langlade,  Marathon,  Jackson  arid  Vernon  coun- 
ties; all  of  the  southern  peninsula  of  Michi- 
gan, viz.,  that  part  east  of  Lake  Michigan:  all 
that  part  of  Illinois  north  of  the  southern 
boundary  of  Hancock,  Schuyler,  Cass,  San- 
gamon,  Christian,  Shelby,  Cumberland  and 
Clark  counties;  all  that  part  of  Indiana  north 
of  the  southern  boundary  of  Vigo,  Clay.  Owen, 
Monroe,  Brown,  Bartholomew,  Jennings,  Rip- 
ley  and  Ohio  counties. 

8.  Arkansas:    all  that,  part  of  Missouri  east 
of  the  western  boundary  of  Harrison.  Daviess. 
Caldwell,   Ray,   Lafayette,   Johnson,   Henry.    St. 
Clair,  Cedar,   Dade,  Lawrence  and  Barry  coun- 
ties:  all  that  part  of  Illinois  and  Indiana  not 
included    in   district    No.    7:    all    that   part    of 
Kentucky   not   included   in   district   No.    4:    all 
that  part  of  Tennessee  and  Mississippi  not  in- 
cluded in  district  No.  6. 

9.  Montana,    North    Dakota,    South    Dakota 
and  Minnesota:  all  that  part  of  Wisconsin  and 
Michigan  not  included  in  district  No.  7. 

10.  Kansas,    Nebraska,    Colorado    and    Wyo- 
ming; all  that  part  of  Missouri  not  included  in 
district  No.  8 ;  all  of  Oklahoma  except  the  coun- 
ties of  Atoka,  Bryan,  Choctaw,  Coal,  Johnston, 
McCurtain,  Marshall  and  Pushmataha:  all  that 
part    of    New    Mexico    north    of    the    southern 
boundary    of    McKinley,    Sandoval,    Santa    Fe, 
San  Miguel  and  Union  counties. 

11.  Texas:  all  that  part  of  New  Mexico  and 
Oklahoma  not  included  in  district  No.  10:   all 
that  part  of  Louisiana  not  included  in  district 
No.   6:    and  Pima.    Graham.    Greenlee,   Cochise 
and  Santa  Cruz  counties,  Arizona. 

12.  California.    Washington.    Oregon.    Idaho. 
Nevada  and  Utah:  all  that  part  of  Arizona  not 
included  in  district  No.  11. 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


The  following  table  of  average  rainfall,  highest 
and  lowest  temperatures,  based  upon  observations 
of  forty-eight  or  fewer  years  at  selected  stations 
in  the  several  states  and  territories  of  the  United 
States,  was  compiled  from  the  records  of  the 
weather  bureau  for  The  Almanac  and  Year-Book 
by  the  United  States  weather  bureau.  Washing- 
ton. D.  C.: 

State     Statin™    ^"°"'«  of'  Temperature.* Ac-p^ 

State.      btatiOnS.      leTel(ft.)  y«M»i.  Year.    Min.    Year,  tionf 

Alabama— Mobile    ....    108  48  102  1901    —1  1899  62  0 

Montgomery  240  47  107  1881  —5  1899  51.2 

Arizona— Yuraa  141431201910  221911  3.1 

Arkansas— Little  Rock  398  40  106  1901  —12  1899  49  9 
California— San  Fran.  206  48  101  1904  29  1888  22  3 

San  Diego  59471101913  25191310.0 

Colorado— Denver  ....5,273  47  105  1878  —29  1875  14  0 

Pueblo  4,685  31 104  1902  —27  1899  12.0 

Connecticut— N.  Haven  120  46  100  1881  —14  1873  47.2 
Dist.Col.—  Washington  111  48  106  1918  —15  1899  43.5 
Florida — Jacksonville.  180  48  104  1879  10  1899  53  2 

Key  West  14481001886  41  1886  38.7 

Georgia— Atlanta  ....1,218  40  100  1887  —8  1899  49.4 

Savannah  154481051879  8189950.3 

Idaho— Boise  2,770  40  111  1898  —28  1888  12.7 

Lewiston    756  24  HO  1918 —18  1884  13.5 

Pocatello  4,503  20  102  1901  —20  1905  12.9 

Illinois— Cairo  356  48  106  1901  —16  1884  41.7 

Chicago     • 816  48  103  1901  —23  1872  33.3 

Springfield  607  40  107  1901  —24  1905  37  0 

Indiana— Indianapolis.  830  48  106  1901  —25  1884  41*5 
Iowa— Des  Moines  ....  861  41110  1918  —30  1884  32*4 
Kansas— Dodge  City.. 2,533  44  108  1876  —26  1899  20.8 
Kentucky— Louisville  654  47  107  1901  —20  1884  44.3 
Louisiana — N.  Orleans  55  48  102  1901  7  1899  57  4 

Shreveport  238461101909  — 5  1899  45.' 7 

Maine— Eastport  76  46  93  1901  —23  1914  43.3 

Portland  103  48  103  1911  —21  1917  42  5 

Maryland— Baltimore..  7848105  1918  —71899432 
Massachusetts— Bost'n  125  48  104  1911  —14  1917  43'.4 
Michigan— Alpena  ....  616  47101  1911  —27  1882  33 

Detroit    782  48  104  1918  —24  1872  32.2 

Marquette    709  48  108  1901  —27  1888  32  6 

netaSt<  Paul"    97°  48104  1901  -41  1888  28> 
913  38  HO  1917  -48  1887  24  9 


„,  .  rtSE£"  of°'   Temperature.*^. 

State.      Stations.       level  (ft  )  jra.M«.  Year.    Mm.    Y«»r.  tionf 

Mississippi— Vicksb'g  247  48  101  1881  —1  1899  53.7 
Missouri— St.  Louis...  717  48  107  1901  —22  1884  37.2 
Montana— Helena  ....4,121  39  103  1886  —42  1893  12.8 

Havre    2,492  39  108  1900  —57  1916  13.7 

Nebraska— N.   Platte   2,809  45  107  1877  —35  1899  18.9 

Omaha     1,105  48  110  1918  —32  1884  30.7 

Nevada— Winnemucca  4,291  43  104  1877  —28  1888  8.4 
N.  Jer.— Atlantic  City  16  45  104  1918  —7  1899  40.8 
New  York— Albany  ..  97  45  104  1911  —24  1904  36.4 

Rochester     ..' 523481011911—14190434.3 

N.  Mexico— Santa  Fe  7,018  47  97  1878  —13  1883  14.5 
N.  Carolina— Charlotte  774  41  102  1887  —5  1899  49.2 

Wilmington     78481031879        5189951.0 

X.  Dakota— Bismarck  1,674  44  107  1910  —45  1916  17.6 

Ft.  Buf'rd.Willist'n  1,897  40  107  1883  —49  1888  15.1 
Ohio— Cincinnati   767  48  105  1901  —17  1S99  38.3 

Cleveland     . . .' 762  48  100  1918  —17  1873  35.0 

Oklahoma— Okla. City  1,262  28  108  1909  —17  1899  31.7 
Oregon— Portland  ...  58471021907  —2188845.1 

Roseburg    '    510  41  106  1905    —6  1888  34.4 

Pennsylvania— Philadel- 
phia       117481061918    —6189941.2 

Pittsburgh     1,070  46  103  1881  —20  1899  36.4 

R.  Island— Block  Isl'd  43  38  92  1911  —6  1917  44.4 
S.  Carolina— Charles'n  48  48  104  1879  7  1899  52.1 
S.  Dakota— Rap.  City  3,271  33  106  1900  —40  1883  18.7 

Yankton    1,23146107  1894—36191225.4 

Tennessee— Knoxville  1,023  48  100  1887  —16  1884  49.4 

Memphis     316481041901    —9189950.3 

Texas— Abilene   1,735  33110  1886    —6  1899  24.7 

Galveston    6947   991913       8189947.1 

Utah-^Salt  Lake  City  4,408  45  102  1889  —20  1883  16.0 
Vermont — Northfield..  848  32  98  1911  — 41  1917  33.8 
Virginia— Norfolk  ....  14948105  1918  2189549.5 
Washington— Spokane  1,955  38  104  1898  —30  1888  18.8 
West  Virginia  —  Par- 

kersburg   673  30  106  1918  —27  1809  40.2 

Wisconsin— Milwaukee  681  48  102  1916  —zo  1875  31.4 
Wyoming— Cheyenne  6,121  48  100  1881—38  1875  13.6 

'Corrected  to  Dec.  31,  1918,  inclusive.    fPrecipi- 
tion   normals   adopted   in   1907. 


776 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


IMMIGRATION    INTO    THE    UNITED     STATES. 


Fiscal  years  ended  June  30- 


1911. 

6.721 
3.092 
9.223 

10.222 
1.307 

18.982 


African  (black) 

Armenian 

Bohemian*    . . . 
Bulgarian!    .  •  • 

Chinese   

Croatian*  

Cuban   3.914 

Dalmatian§  ...  4,400 
Dutch&Flemish  13.862 
East  Indian.... 

English    5£25£ 

Finnish   9.779 

French   18.132 

German  £6.471 

Greek   37.021 

Hebrew   ?i'§72 

Irish  40.246 

Italian   (north)     30.312 

Italian  (south)  159.638  135.830 

Japanese   4.575       6.172 

Korean   

Lithuanian    ....    17.027 

Magyar   }§-9§? 

Mexican   18.784 

Pacific  islander. 
Polish    71.44 


1912. 

6,759 

5.222 

8.439 

10.657 

1,608 

24.366 

3.155 

3.672 

10.935 

165 

49.689 

6.641 

18.382 

65.343 

31.566 

80.595 

33.922 

26.443 


Portug-uese    ...  J-469 

Roumanian  ...  5.J1J 

Russian  .• Jg-7,-! 

Ruthenian    ....  17.724 

Scandinavian..  45.859 

Scotch  25.625 

Slovak    21.415 

Spanish    8.068 

Spanish -Am.... »  1.153 

Syrian   5.444 

Turkish    918 

Welsh  2,248 

West  Indian...  1.141 

Other  peoples..  3.323 


14.078 
23.599 
22.001 
3 

85.163 
9.403 
8.329 
22.558 
21.965 
31.601 
20.293 
25.281 
9.070 
1.342 
5.525 
1.336 
2.239 
1.132 
3.660 


1913. 

6.634 

9.353 

11.091 

9.087 

2.022 

42.499 

3.099 

4.520 

14.507 

188 

55.522 

12.756 

20.652 

80,865 

38.644 

101.330 

37.023 

42.534 

231.613 


24.647 

30.610 

10.954 

11 

174.365 

13.566 

13.451 

51.472 

30.588 

38.737 

21.293 

27,234 

9.042 

1.363 

9.210 

2.015 

2,820 

1.171 

3.038 


1915. 

5.660 
932 
1.P51 
3.506 
2.469 
1.942 
3.402 
305 
6,675 
82 


1914. 
8.447 
7.785 

§.928 
.084 
2,854 
37.284 
3.539 
5.149 
12.566 
172 

51.746  38.662 

12.805     3.472 

18.166  12.636 

79.871   20.729 

45.881  15.187 

138.051  26.497 

33.898  23.503 

44,802  10.660 

251.612  46.557 

8.941     8.609 

152         146 

21.584      2.638 

44.538     3.604 

13.089  10.993 

1  6 

122.657 

9.647 

24.070 

44.957 


9.065 
4.376 
1.200 
4.459 
36.727     2.933 
36.053  24.263 
18.997  14.310 
25.819     2.069 
11.064 
1.544 
9.023 
2.693 


2.558 
1.396 
3.830 


5.705 
1.667 
1.767 

273 
1.390 

823 
1.877 


1916. 

4.576 

964 

642 

3.146 

2.239 

791 

3.442 

114 

6.443 

80 

36.168 

5.649 

19.518 

11.555 

26.792 

15.108 

20.636 

4.905 

33.909 

8.711 

154 

599 

981 

17.198 

5 

4.502 

12.208 

953 

4,858 

1.365 

19.172 

13.515 

577 

9.259 

1.881 

676 

216 

983 

948 

3.388 


1917. 

7,971 

1,221 

327 

1,134 

1,843 

305 

3,428 

94 

5.393 
69 

32,246 

5,900 

24.405 

9682 

25,919 

17.342 

17,462 

3.796 

35.154 

8,925 

194 

479 

434 

16,438 

10 

3.109 
10.194 

3.711 

1.211 

19.596 

13.350 

244 

15019 

2.587 

976 

454 

793 

1.369 

2.097 


1918. 

5,706 

221 

74 

150 

1.576 

33 

1.179 
15 

2.200 
61 

12.980 

1.867 

6.840 

1.992 

2.602 

3.672 

4.657 

1.074 

5.234 

10.168 

149 

135 

32 

17.602 

17 

668 

2.319 

155 

1.513 

49 

8.741 

5,204 

35 

7.909 

2,231 

210 

24 

278 

732 

314 


1919. 

5,823 

282 

105 

205 

1,697 

23 

1.167 
4 

2.735 
6& 

26.889 

968 

12.598 

1,837 

813 

3.055 

7.910 

1.236 

2,137 

10,056 

77 

160 

52 

28,844 
6 

732 

1,574 

89- 

1,532 

ioa 

8.261 

10.364 

85 

4.224 

3,092 

231 

18 

608 

1.223 

247 


Total  878.587838.1721,197.8921.218.480326.700298.826295.403      110618   141132 

*Includes  Moravian,     tlncludes  Serbian  and  Montenegrin.    ^Includes    Slovenian       SIncludea 
Bosnian  and  Herzegoviman. 


IMMIGRATION   BY   COUNTRY. 


Country. 

1917. 
857 

1918. 
53 

1919. 
26 

401 

8 

27 

398 

73 

268 

151 

19 

22 

2.744 

1,630 

1,352 

.      3  187 

1  798 

1  379 

Germany  

.      1.857 

447 

52 

.   23.974 

1.910 

386 

Italy  t             

34  596 

5,250 

1.884 

Netherlands    

.      2,235 
.      4  659 

944 

2  578 

1.098 
1  995 

9.975 

/  2,224 

1,222 

66 

f         59 

19 

Russia§          

.   12  716 

4,242 

1.403 

.    10.232 

4,295 

4.295 

Sweden  
Switzerland    
Turkey     (Europe) 
United  kingdom— 

.      6.368 
911 
152 

8.354 

2,298 
331 
15 

2.037 

2.243 
381 
15 

5,163 

Ireland            .. 

5  406 

331 

474 

1.868 

260 

1,283 

Wales             ..    . 

513 

219 

351 

Other  Europe  .... 

.      1.463 

42 

16 

Total  Europe... 

.133.083 
2.237 

31.063 
1.795 

24,627 
1.964 

.      8,991 

10.213 

10,064 

India          

109 

130 

171 

Turkey  in  Asia    . 

393 
1  026 

43 
520 

19 
456 

Total  Asia   
Africa           

.   12.756 
566 

12,701 
299 

12.674 
189 

Australia**    ., 

1,014 

925 

1.234 

Country.  1917 

Pacific  islands 

(n.s.)  128 

British  North 

America  105.399 

Central  America...  2.073 

Mexico  17.869 

South  America 6.931 

West  Indies  15,507 

Other  countries 77 


1918. 
165 


32,452 


3.343 

8.879 
47 


1919. 
76 

57.782 
2.589 

29.818 
3.271 
8,826 
46 

141,132 

including-  Serbia  and  Montenegro,  flnclud- 
ing-  Sicily  and  Sardinia.  ^Including-  Cape  Verde 
and  the  Azores.  ^Including-  Finland.  illn- 
eluding'  Canary  and  Balearic  islands.  **Incl"ud- 
ing-  Tasmania  and  New  Zealand. 

IMMIGRATION   BY  MONTHS. 
Fiscal  year  1919. 


Grand    total    ....295,403     110.618 


July  7,780 

Aug-ust     7.862 

September    ....  9.997 

October    11,771 

November    —  8.499 

December    10.748 

January   9,852 


February    10,578 

March     14.105 

April    16.860 

May    15.093 

June 17,987 

Total   141,132 


EMIGRATION  BY  COUNTRY. 

Aliens  departed  in  fiscal  years  1918  and  1919. 

Country.                                          1918.  1919. 

Austria     5  201 

Hung-ary    1  100 

Belg-ium   41  634 

Bulg-aria    700  2,891 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


777 


Country. 
Denmark   

1918.          1919. 
304              599 

1886.334,203     1898.229.299     1909.     751.786 
1887.490.109    1899.311.715     1910.1.041.570 
1888.546.889    1900.448.572     1911.     878.587 
1889.444.427    1901.487.918     1912.     838.172 
1890.455.302     1902.648.743     1913.1.197,892 
1891.560.319     1903.857.046     1914.1.218.480 
1892.623.084     1904.815.361     1915.     326.700 
1893.502.917     1905.1026499      1916.     298.826 
1894.285.631     1.906.  33  007-°5     1917.     295.403 
1895.258.536     19071285349     1918.     110.618 
1896.343.267      1908-782.870     1919.     141.132 
1897.230.832 
The     total    recorded    immigration    into    the 
United    States    since    the    organization    of    the 
government  is  33,200.103  persons. 

France    

3  176           3  792 

Germany  . 

28                26 

Greece   .  . 

.  .           2  986        15  482 

Italy   

8645        38245 

Netherlands    

139              596 

1  730           1  952 

Portugal    

1  976          3  447 

Roumania   

....                7                39 

Russia    

4  983           1  868 

Spain    

3  250           6  280 

Sweden 

1  169           1  738 

Switzerland  

H72              403 

Turkey    (in   Europe)    . 

.......            24                47 

United  kingdom  — 
England   

1  239          4  482 

DESTINATION   OF    E 
Alabama     241 
Alaska   164 

MMIGRANTS    (1919). 
New      Hamp- 
shire          1,668 

Ireland    

280              988 

Scotland 

141              569 

Wales  

24                54 

Arizona     2,498 
Arkansas    ....            98 
California    ..  .    16.575 
Colorado  738 
Connecticut  .  .      1,653 
Delaware    ....            86 
District  of 
Columbia     ..         816 
Florida    .  .....      2,578 
Georgia    187 
Hawaii     2,619 
Idaho    430 
Illinois     3,951 
Indiana   560 

New  Jersey    ..      2,860 
New    Mexico..         782 
New   York    ...    28,715 
North  Carolina         118 
North  Dakota.         746 
Ohio                         2  168 

Other  Europe   

480                 98 

Total  Europe   

31  500        84  531 

China     

2.352           2.199 

India    

1,583           2,195 
229              161 

Oklahoma    ....         216 

Turkey    (in  Asia)  
Other  Asia   

5                26 
212                79 

Oregon     1,329 
Pennsylvania..      3,844 
Philippine 
islands     3d 
Porto  Rico  ...         228 
Rhode    Island.      1,637 
South  Carolina         112 
South  Dakota.         301 
Tennessee    —         156 
Texas    21,629 

Total  Asia  .  . 

4  381          4  660 

Africa    .... 

100                 74 

Australia    

418              362 

Pacific  islands 

36                 19 

British  North  America 

27  170        10  726 

Iowa    743 
Kansas  389 
Kentucky  103 
Louisiana    1,355 
Maine   2.809 

Central    America    

489              413 

Mexico    

25  515        18  000 

South  America 

1  071              914 

Utah    588 

West   Indies       ..  .. 

3  891           3  806 

Vermont   1,486 
Virginia    1.221 
Virgin  islands.           20 
Washington    ..      6.399 
West    Virginia         235 
Wisconsin    —         817 
Wyoming   153 

Tnt.nl                    14.1   132 

Other   countries    

14                 17 

Maryland   618 
Massachusetts.    11.408 
Michigan    8,490 
Minnesota    ....      2,326 
Mississippi    ...         120 
Missouri     690 
Mentana   951 
Nebraska    350 
Nevada     137 

Total    emigration    .  . 

..    94  585      123  5ot> 

Total    immigration... 
Note  —  See    reference 
gration  by  Country."  
DEPORTATIO] 
The    following    table 
of   aliens    from   the  Ui 
by   fiscal  years: 
1898...        199     1906.. 
1899..          263     1907.. 
1900..          356     1908.. 
1901..          363     1909.. 
1902..         465     1910.. 
1903..          547     1911.. 
1904..          779     1912.. 
1905..          845 
IMMIGRATIO] 
Years  ende 
1880.457,257  1    1882." 
1881.669.431  1   1883.6 

General  Slocum. 
Date-June  15.  1904. 
Place—  East      River, 
N.  Y. 
Persons  aboard  —  1.400. 
Lives  lost—  958. 
Cause—  Fire. 
Titanic. 
Date—  April   15,   1912. 
Place  —  Atlantic   ocean. 
Persons  aboard—  2,223. 

110.618      14l',132 
marks  in   table   "Immi- 

S  OF  ALIENS, 
shows    the   deportation 
lited   States   after  entry 

676     1913.  ...3.461 
995     1914.   ...4.737 
2.069     1915.   ...2.670 
2,124     1916.   ...2,906 
2.695     1917.   ...1.922 
.  2.788     1918.   ...1.619 
.  2.450     1919.  ...3.102 

*  SINCE   1880. 
d  June  30. 
'88.90'J       1884.518.592 
03,322       1885.395.346 

GREAT    STEAMS 

Cause—  Iceberg. 
Empress   of  Ireland. 
Date—  May  29,   1914. 
Place  —  St.    Lawrence. 
Persons  aboard—  1.479. 
Lives    lost—  1.027. 
Persons    saved  —  452. 
Cause  —  Collision. 

INWARD  PASSENGER   MOVEMENT    (1919). 

Immigrant  Nonimm  grant     U.S.          Aliei.s 
a'iens            aliens.        citizens,    debarred.       Total. 

Male          83,272  72,765  70,598  5,485  232.120 
Female     57,860  23.124  25.822  3,141   109.947 

Total  141,132  95,889  96,420  8.6g6  342,067 
OUTWARD  PASSENGER  MOVEMENT  (1919). 

Emigrant      .Sonemigrant            D      . 
aliens.                alirns.                 citizens.                    Total. 

Male           101,167     70.926     187,924     360,017 
Female         22,355     21,783        31,005        75,143 

Total  123,522      92,' 

HIP    DISASTERS. 

Lusitania. 
Date—  May    7.    1915. 
Place  —  Atlantic    ocean. 
Persons  aboard  —  1,906 
Lives    lost—  1.198. 
Persons    saved—  708. 
Cause  —  Torpedoed. 
Eastland. 
Date—  July  24,   1915. 
Place  —  Chicago    river. 

?09     218,929     435,160 

Persons  aboard  —  2,000 
Lives   lost—  812. 
Cause—  Capsized. 

Provence  II. 

Date—  Feb.    26,    1916. 
Place  —  Mediterranean, 
Persons  aboard  —  4,000 
Lives   lost—  910. 
Cause—  Torpedoed. 

Fergus  Falls.  Minn.,  was  visited  by  a  tor- 
nado on  Sunday  evening1  June  22.  19l9,  caus- 
ing the  death  of  sixty  persons,  the  injury  of 
many  more  and  a  property  loss  estimated  at 
from  $4.000,000  to  $6.000.000.  Nearly  400 
homes  and  business  houses  were  destroyed,  the 
storm  doing  the  greatest  damage  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  city.  Union  avenue,  the  prin- 
cipal street,  had  every  structure  for  a  distance 


TORNADO  AT  FERGUS  FALLS,  MINN. 


of  three  blocks  blown  down  together  with. 
scores  of  residences  on  adjacent  streets. 
Among  the  buildings  shattered  was  the  Grand 
hotel  in  which  a  number  of  fatalities  oc- 
curred. The  Oriental  limited  on  the  Great 
Northern  railroad  was  blown  from  the  track  at 
a  point  twenty  miles  west  of^Fergus  Falls  bjr 
another  tornado,  but  no  lives  were  lost. 


778 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


UNITED    STATES   PENSION   STATISTICS. 


PENSIONS 


1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898 


23.101,509.36 
28.513,247.27 
29.351,488.78 
28.518.792.62 
29,752.746.81 
26,982.063.89 
30.206.778.99 
29.270.404.76 
27,936,209.53 
28.182,821.72 
26.786.009.44 
32.664.428.92 
56.689.229.08 
50.583.405.35 
54,313,172.05 
60.427.573.81 
57,912,387.47 
65.171,937.12 
64.091,142.90 
73.752,997.08 
78.950,501.67 
88,842,720.58 


155,474 
169,643 
187.963 
198.686 
207,495 
232,229 
238.411 
236,241 
234.821 


223.998 
242,755 
250,802 
268,830 
285,697 
303.658 
322,756 
345.125 


452,557 
489,725 
537.944 
676.160 
876.068 
966.012 


AND    PENSIONERS    BY    YEARS 

SINCE   1866. 

Paid  as  No.  of  pen- 

pensions.  "Total,  eioners. 
.$15,450.549.88  $15,857,714.88  126.722 
20.784,789.69  21,275.767.04  " 
23,654,529.70 
29.077,774.08 
29,952.486.64 
29,381.871.62 
30,703,999.81 
27.985.264.53 
31.173.573.12 
30.253.100.11 
28,951.288.34  232,137 
29,217,281.05  232.104 
27,818.509.53 
34,502.163.06 
57.624,256.36 
51,655.464.99 
55,779,408.06 
63,019,222.10 
60.747,568.47 
68.564.513.46 
67.336,159.51  365,783 
77,506,397.99  406.007 
82.465,558.94 
92,309.688.98 

.106.093.850.39  109.620.232.52 
.117.312.690.50  122,013,326.94 
.139,394.147.11  144,292,812.91 
.156.906.637.94  161.774,372.36 
.139.986.726.17  143,950.702.48 
.139.812.294.30  144,150,314.51  970,524 
.138.220,704.46  142.212.080.07  970,678 
.139.949,717.35  143.937,500.42  976.014 
.144.651.879.80  148.765.971.26  993,714 
1899.. 138.355.052.95  142,502,570.68  991.519 
1900. .138.462. 130.65  142,303.887.39  993.529 
1901 . .  138.531.483.84  142,400.279.28 
1902.  .137.504.267.99  141,335.646.95 
1903.. 137.759. 653.71  141.752,870.50 
1904.. 141, 093. 571.49  144.942.937.74 
1905.. 141. 142. 861.33  144.864,694.15 
1906.. 139. 000, 288.25  142.523.557.76 
1907. .138.155.412.46  141,464,522.90  967,371 
1908. .153. 093. 086.27  155,894.049.63  951.687 
1909. .161. 973. 703.77  164.826.287.50  946.194 
1910. .159. 974. 056.08  162.631,729.94  921.083 
1911. .157.325. 160.35  159.842,287.41  892,098 
1912.. 152.986.433.72  155,435.291.03  860,294 
1913. .174*71. 660.80  176,714.907.39  820.200 
1914..  172.417. 546.26  174.484,053.41  785.239 
.165.518.266.14  167,298.126.44 
.159.155.090.00  160,811.812.33 
.160.895,054.00  162,457,908.90 
1918.. 179. 835, 328.75  181,362.944.36 
1919. .222.159,292.70  223,592.484.37 
•Includes  expenses. 

Totals. 

Paid  in  pensions $5,521,074,958.16 

Expenses  135,898.717.66 

Pensions  and  expenses   5,656.973,675.82 

INTERESTING   FACTS    AND   FIGURES. 
The    following'    information    regarding    mat- 
ters connected  with   the   payment   of  pensions 
is  of  general  interest: 
Total  pensioners  on  roll  June  30: 

1918    

1919  

Invalids 

Widows    

Dependents  

Minors    

Helpless  children   

'  Nurses    

Civil  war  soldiers  on  roll  June  30: 

1918  

1919   

Civil  war  widows  on  roll  June  30: 

1918    

1919  .. 


1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


. 

997.735 
999.446 
996,545 
994,762 
998.441 
985,971 


748.147 
709.572 
673.111 
646.895 
624.427 


Number  of  deaths  (civil  war  sol- 
diers) : 

1918  .  30,466 

1919    27.703 

Widows,    minor    children    and    de- 
pendents : 

1918     18.412 

I      1919    19.2il7 

j  The   largest    number    of    civil    war 

soldiers  on  the  roll  was  in  1898         745,822 
The    largest   number    of    civil    war 

widows  on  the  roll  was  in  1912         304,373 
War     of     1812     widows     surviving- 

June   30,    1919 81 

War  with  Mexico,  June  30,   1919: 

Survivors    215 

Widows    2.739 

War  with   Spain: 
Total    number    of    original    claims          , 

allowed  by  pension  bureau 41.335 

Number  on   rolls  June  30.   1919.  28,251 

Changes  of  postoffice  addresses  of 
pensioners : 

1918   128.937 

1919    120,907 

Employes  at   the  beginning  of   the 

fiscal  year: 

1918    1,091 

1919  962 

Volumes  in  military  library: 

1918  1.745 

1919  2,175 

Total    pieces    of    mail    handled    in 

1919: 

Incoming  716.321 

Outgoing-   3.369,933 

Inclosures    799,883 

Cases  acted  on  under  act  of  March 
3,  1899  (division  of  pension 
between  husband  and  wife) . 

1919  1.962 

Cases  acted  on  under  act  of  Aug. 
8.  1882  (to  wife  where  hus- 
band is  insane  or  imprisoned) . 

1919 83 

Cases  under  guardianship,    1919...  7.263 

Amount  of  fees  paid  to  attorneys. 

1919 116.942.40 

Income,    ref undments,   etc. : 
For    addresses,     certified    copies, 

etc.    (act  Aug-.  24.   1912) 2.153.70 

Refundments    to    pension    appro- 
priations           6,890.05 

Miscellaneous    3,041.16 


646,895 

624.427 

313.140 

303,311 

4.689 

2.241 

917 

129 

298,808 
271,391 


288.815 
293.244 


Total    12.084.90 

Reimbursements : 
Amount  allowed,  expenses  of  last 

sickness  and  burial,   for   1918. $237,113.35 
Amount  allowed,  expenses  of  last 

sickness   and  burial,    for  1919.    280.830.25 
Medal-ol-honor  roll    (act  April  27. 

1916): 

Total  number  entered  on  roll —  357 

PENSIONERS  ON  THE  ROLL  JUNE  30.  1918. 

AND   JUNE   30,    1919. 
Classes.  1919.          1918. 

Regular  establishment: 

Invalids    14.655        15.233 

Widows    2.922  2.953 

Minor   children    251  255 

Mothers   1,217          1.228 

Fathers  163  162 

Brothers,    sisters,    sons    and 

daughters  8  7 

Helpless  children  4  5 

Civil  war: 
Act  Feb.  6,  1907— 

Survivors     579          1.024 

Act   May    11,    1912— 

Survivors     260427      266.443 

General   law — 
Invalids     10.418        30,920 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


779 


Classes                              1919.           1918. 
Nurses    129              163 

States. 
Utah 

Number. 

Amount. 
$278,051.67 
1,754.110.53 
1.502,404.40 
2.620,307.29 
2.844.599.80 
5.549,556.55 
206.135.53 

Widows      42.773        45,323 

Vermont 

4  9°  7 

Minor    children     86              100 
Mothers           189             248 

Virginia    

.      4,220 

Fathers    17                18 
Brothers,  sisters,  sons  and 
daughters    683              636 

Weat  Virginia 
Wisconsin 

.      7.990 
.    15.026 

Helpless  children  399             417 
Act  June  27,  1890—  Invalids         267             421 
Minor    children     1,698          2083 

Total    

.620  554      °2 

0.927.559.53 

528.00 
19.279.46 
15,654.32 
8,082.94 

Insular 
Guam 

Possessions. 

Helpless    children    507             505 

Act   April   19.    1908— 
Widows  without  children.247,940     240.661 
Widows     with     children..      2.531           2,831 
War    with    Spain:     Invalids.    23.382        23,538 

Hawaii    

57 

Philippines    

44 

Porto  Rico    

23 

Minor    children    131              147 
Mothers             .           2100          2231 

Foreign  Countries 
Algeria    1 

43,544.72 

247.13 

2.846.24 
25.616.61 

Fathers                                               303             326 

Brothers,    sisters,    sons  and 
daughters              

Argentina    

g 

Australia     

72 

Helpless     Children                  .              6                  5 

Austria-Hungary 

26 

War    of    1812:     Widows  81                99 
War  with  Mexico:   Survivors         215             289 
Widows                                     .      2  739          3  063 

Azores  

4 

1.296.22 
1.354.13 
144.00 
4,243.67 
478.00 
1.357.00 
4,625.14 

Bahamas     

4 

j_ 

Brothers,    sisters,    sons  and 

Belgium     . 

4 

Bolivia 

1 

Indian   wars:     Survivors   3,436          2,421 
Widows            2,027          1.817 

Brazil 

5 

British  West  Ind'es 

13 

War  of   1917:    Invalids  61                24 

Bulgaria     

2 

Widows     44                24 

o  nn& 

714,406.24 
343.76 
600.00 
4,046.27 
2,564.42 
1.056.00 
301.16 
3.202.02 
8,894.50 
12.096.49 
530.00 
300.00 
300.00 
115.984.28 
16,110.10 

Minor    children     3                  1 

Cape  de  Verde  islands  1 

Mothers   6                   7 

Fathers    1 

Chile 

9 

Total                                       624  427     646  895 

China    

g 

PENSIONS   BY  STATES  AND   FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES. 
Fiscal  Year  1919. 
States.                           Number.            Amount. 
Alabama                    2156           $76757912 

Colombia 

5 

Comoro  islands 

1 

Central  America    .... 

9 

Cuba 

25 

Denmark     

34 

Danish  West  Indies 
East    Africa 

3 
I 

Alaska                                          49                 17.444.97 

Arizona   689              245.297.78 

Egypt  

1 

Arkansas    6,321          2.250,402.42 

England 

3°6 

California    21,997          7,831,371.93 

France 

45 

Colorado  6.328          2.252,894.56 

Germany 

357 

Connecticut    7.518          2,676,558.36 

Greece  

7 

2.490.45 
1.085.13 
778.00 
1,731.10 
120.253.64 
18.500.56 
9.606.06 
1.622.91 
144.00 
144.00 
11.384.96 
1.526.43 
1.402.26 
4.013.58 
16.577.44 
1.231.40 
2.332.27 

Delaware  1,505             535.810.15 

Haiti 

3 

District   of  Columbia.      6,822          2.428.768.49 
Florida     3.853           1,371,745.06 

Hongkong     

4 

India 

5 

Georgia    2.192              780.395.81 

Ireland 

338 

Idaho    1,469              522.903.39 

Italy 

KO 

Illinois    43,976        15.956,335.52 

27 

Indiana    ..                 37.647        13,703,084.94 

Liberia 

5 

Iowa    21.172           6.537.655.47 

Malta 

I 

Kansas   24,918           8,971,306.36 

I 

Kentucky  .16,391          5.835.523.85 

Mexico  

32 

Louisiana    3,588           1,277,399.76 
Maine    10.857          3,865,309.14 

Netherlands  

5 
5 

Maryland   9.032           3,215.572.64 

1  ^ 

Massachusetts    26.038          9,277.976.52 
Michigan    26.216          9,333,420.31 

Norway  

48 

Panama     

4 

Minnesota    9,986          3,555,215.72 
Mississippi    2.562              912,123.23 
Missouri   30.660        10,915.573.20 

Peru    
Poland     

8 
1 

2 
'.'.'.'.'.'.         1 
10 

576.00 

Montana                                 1  713              609,862.26 

Roumania     
Russia   

Nebraska   10,982          3,909,811.64 

New  Hampshire  5.030          1,790.780.69 
New    Jersey    15.780          5.707.995.60 
New  Mexico    1,443             513.736.89 
New  York    53.736        19.631.090.72 

Samoa   »  
Scotland  

1 
55 

96.00 
18.567.90 

Serbia      
Seychelles  island  

1 
1 
5 

216.00 
1.565.62 
1,353.33 
542.20 
18,212.12 
16.066.18 
838.00 
214.20 
898.00 
476.80 
10,745.27 

North  Carolina  2.825           1,005.756.57 
North  Dakota    1.995              710,256.90 
Ohio    60.902        21,582,330.04 
Oklahoma                              8  396           2  989  143  13 

Spain     . 

4 

St.   Helena   
Sweden    

1 
54 

Oregon     6.029           2,146.444.58 
Pennsylvania    59.072        20.630.813.44 
Rhode  Island  3.333          1,186.614.67 

Switzerland    
Tasmania    
Tonga    islands    
Turkey   in   Asia    
Venezuela     
Wales     

45 
2 
1 
3 
1 
27 

South  Carolina.                   1  ?75              453  925.50 

South  Dakota    3,986          1.419.095.79 
Tennessee    13.042          4.643.21284 

Texas       5.905          2.102,298.10 

Total     

....  3,747      1 

.188.188.46 

780 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


JForcfgn  ©obtrnnunts. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 

'Government— Kins,  George  V.:  heir-apparent, 
Edward  Albert,  prince  of  Wales. 

Prime    Minister — David    Lloyd    George. 

Minister  Without  Portfolio— George  N.  Barnes. 

Lord    High    ChancQllor — Lord    Birkenhead. 

Minister  Without  Portfolio— Sir  Eric  Geddes. 

Lord  Privy  Seal— A.  Bonar  Law. 

Lord  President  of  the  Council— Arthur  J.  Bal- 
four. 

Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer— Austen  Cham- 
berlain. 

Foreign    Affairs    Secretary— Earl    Curzon. 

Home    Affairs    Secretary— Edward    Shortt. 

Colonial    Secretary — Viscount    Milner. 

Secretary  for  India— Edwin   S.  Montagu. 

Secretary  for  War — Winston  S.  Churchill. 

First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty— Walter  Long. 

President    of    the   Board    of    Trade— Sir  Albert 

President"  of    the    Local    Government    Board— 

Postmaster-General—Albert    Illingworth. 

Chief   Secretary  for  Ireland— J.  I.  Macpherson. 

Secretary    for    Scotland— R.    Munro. 

President    Board    of    Agriculture— -Lord   Lee. 

First  Commissioner  of  Works— Sir  Alfred  M. 
Mond. 

Attorney-General—Sir  Gordon  Hewart. 

Minister  of  Pensions— Sir  L.  W.  Evans. 

Minister    of    Supplies— Lord    Inverforth. 

Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster— Earl 
of  Crawford. 

Solicitor-General—Sir    Ernest    Pollock. 

Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland— Field  Marshal 
Viscount  French. 

Lord  Advocate — James  A.  Clyde. 

Minister  of  Labor— Sir  R.  S.  Horne. 

President  Board  of  Education— Herbert  A.  L. 
Fisher. 

Minister  of   Shipping— Sir  Joseph   Maclay. 

Minister  of  Food  Control— G.   H.  Roberts. 

The  British   parliament,   in   which   the  high- 
est  legislative  authority  is  vested,   consists  of 

the  house  of  lords  and  the  house  of  commons. 

Area  and  Population— The  total  area  of  Eng- 
land. Scotland.  Ireland.  Wales,  the  Isle  of 
Man  and  the  Channel  islands  is  121.391 
square  mil°s:  the  total  for  the  British  em- 
pire is  11.498.825  square  miles.  The  total 
population  of  the  empire  in  1911  was  421,- 
178.965.  The  population  of  the  united 
kingdom  April  3,  1911,  when  the  last  census 
was  taken,  was:  England.  34.045,290: 
Waies.  2.0-25.202:  Scotland.  4.759.445:  Ire- 
land. 4.390,219:  Isle  of  Man,  52.034:  Chan- 
nel islands.  96.900.  Total,  45.369,090. 
The  cities  of  England  and  Wales  having 

more   than    100.000    population   each   were    in 

1911: 

London     4,522,961     Croydon   ....      169,559 

Liverpool     ..     746.566    Sunderland         151,162 

Manchester.     714,427  ,  Oldham    ....      147,495 

Birmingham.     525,960  !  Blackburn    .      133,064 

Sheffield    ....    454.65'}  !  Brighton    ...      131,250 

Leeds 445.568  !  Birkenhead    .     130,832 


Bristol 
West  Ham  . 
Bradford  ... 
Kingston- 

upon-Hull 
Newcastle  . 
Nottingham. 
Stoke-on- 

Trent     

Salford  .... 
Portsmouth. 
Leicester  . . 

Cardiff    

Bolton     


357,059  I  Derby  123.433 

289,102  i  Norwich    ....  121.493 

288,505     Southampton  119.039 

Preston    117.113 

G.-Ueshead 


9-?S  0°4 
266.671 
259.942 


231,380 
231.165 

227  242 


Swansea 
Plymouth 


114.673 
112,042 


Stoc-kport     ..  108.693 

South  Shields  108.649 

Huddersfleld.  107,825 

Coventry   ....  106,377 


ey         ..    106  337 
182'.280  i  Middlesbro'gh    104.787 

180,885  !  Halifax     101.556 

The    figures    given    in    the    above    table    for 
London   are  for  the  inner  or  registration  dis- 


trict alone.  Including  the  outer  belt  of  sub- 
urban towns,  which  are  within  the  metro- 
politan police  district,  the  population  of 
"Greater  London"  April  3,  1911.  was 

Population    of    the   chief    cities   in.   Scotland 
in   1911: 


Glasgow    784.455 

Edinburgh    ....320,315 

Dundee      165, 006 

Aberdeen    133.084 

Govan     89,725 

Paisley    84.477 


Leith 


80,489 


Greenock    68.911 

Partick     66,848 

Coatbridge     ...  43.287 

Perth     36.995 

Kilmarnock     ..  34.729 


The  total  population  of  Ireland  in  1911  was 
4,390.219,    against    a    total    of    4,458,775    in 

Population  of  the  chief  cities  of  Ireland  in 


Belfast 385,492 

Dublin      309,272 

Cork     76,632 

40,799 


Newry     12.456 


Drogheda 

Lisburn 

Lurgan 


12,425 
12.172 
12.135 
11,727 
1J.455 
11.376 
11.163 
10,277 


Londonderry 

Limeric-K     38.403    Portadown 

Waterford    —   27.430    Wexford 

Kingstown    17,227    Ballymena 

Galway     15.936    Sligo 

Dundalk    13.128    Clonmel 

Kilkenny     13.112 

Exports  and  Imports— The  total  imports  of 
the  British  empire  in  1918  were  89,830  325.- 
000:  of  the  united  kingdom,  $6.596. 695.000 
Total  exports  of  the  empire,  $7.046.825.000: 
of  the  united  kingdom.  $2.647,145,000.  The 
total  exports  of  the  united  kingdom  to  the 
United  States  in  1919  were  §157,107.578: 
imports.  $2,147,412.241. 
INDIA. 

Government— Governor-general,  Baron  Frederic 
Chelmsfprd.  Legislative  authority  vested  in 
a  council  of  sixty-eight  members,  thirty-six 
being  official  and  thirty-two  nonofficial. 

Area  and  Population— The  total  area  of  British 
India  is  1,773.088  square  miles.  The  total 
population  according  to  the  census  of  March 
10.  1911,  is  315.132,527,  divided  among 
the  provinces  as  follows: 


Ajmer-Mar- 
wara 


501,395 


Assam  34.018.527 

Bengal  52,668.269 

Bombay  pres- 
idency ....19.672.642 
Burma    12,115,217 


Coorg 


174,976 


Madras  41,405,404 

Northwest 

provinces.  2.196,933 
I  Unit'd  prov- 
inces   47.182,044 

Punjab    ....19.974.956 


inces  13,916,308 


Baluchistan. 
Andamans. . 


414.412 
26,459 


Population  of  the  large  cities  in  1911: 


Calcutta  ... 
Bombay  .... 

Madras  

Haidarabad. 
Rangoon  ... 
Lucknow 


1.22°. 313 
979.445 
518.660 
500.623 
293.316 
259.788 


Delhi     232,887 


Lahore 


228.687 


Ahmedabad..     215,835 


Benares  

Agra    

Cawnpore  . 
Allahabad. 
Poona  


203.804 
185,449 
178.557 
171,697 
158,856 


Imports'  and  Exports— Imports  in  1918.  $547,- 
850.000;  exports.  $816.315.000.  Imports 
from  the  United  States,  1919.  $50,501.740; 
exports.  $125,471,468. 

DOMINION   OF   CANADA. 

Government— The  Canadian  parliament  consists 
of  eighty-seven  life  senators  and  a  house  of 
commons  of  221  members,  there  being  one 
representative  for  every  25,367  of  popula- 
tion based  upon  the  census  of  1901.  The 
governor-general  is  the  duke  of  Devonshire, 
appointed  in  1916;  and  the  council  is  made 
up  of  the  following:  Premier,  Robert  E. 
Borden;  president  privy  council,  Newton  W. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


78L 


Rowell;  minister  of  agriculture,  Dr.  Simon 
F.  Tolmie;  minister  of  overseas  service.  Sir 
Edward  Kemp;  customs,  A.  L.  Sifton; 
finance.  Sir  Henry  Dray  ton;  interior.  Arthur 
Meig-hen;  justice,  C.  J.  Doherty;  labor, 
Gideon  Robertson;  marine,  fisheries  and  na- 
val service,  C.  C.  Ballantyne;  militia,  Maj.- 
Gen.  Mewburn;  postmaster-general,  Pierre 
Blondin;  public  works,  Frank  B.  Carvell; 
railways  and  canals,  J.  D.  Reid;  secretary 
of  state  for  mines,  Martin  Burrell;  trade 
and  commerce,  George  E.  Foster;  immigra- 
tion, James  A.  Calder;  soldiers'  civil  re-estab- 
lishment, James  A.  Lougheed;  ministers 
without  portfolio,  Francis  Cochrane,  A.  K. 
McLean.  The  governor-general  gets  a  sal- 
ary of  550,000  a  year,  the  premier  $12,000 
and  the  other  ministers  57.000  each. 
Area  and  Population— The  total  area  of  Can- 
ada is  3,729.665  square  miles,  of  which  3,- 
603,910  is  land  area. 
Area  of  provinces: 
Province.  Sq.  miles. 

Alberta    255,285.00 

British    Columbia    355,855.00 

Nova   Scotia  21,437.77 

Manitoba*      73,731.72 

Ontariot 260,862.00 

Prince  Edward  island  2,184.36 

Quebec*     351,87-3.00 

New     Brunswick     27.985.11 

Saskatchewan     251,700.00 

Yukon     207,076.00 

Northwest  territories!   1,921,685.00 


Total    3,729,664.96 

*Area  increased  in  1912  to  251,832  square  miles, 
tlncreased  in  1912  to  407.262  square  miles,  tin- 
creased  in  1912  to  706.834  square  miles.  §De- 
creased  in  1912  to  1,242,224  square  miles. 

The  census  taken  June  1,  1911,  showed  the 
following  population  by  provinces.  Pet. 

Province.  1911.  1901.  incr. 

Alberta  .  .  374,663  73,022  413.08 

British  Columbia..  392,480  178,657  119.68 

Manitoba  455,614  255,211  78.52 

New  Brunswick  ...  351.889  331,120  6.27 

Nova  Scotia  492,338  459,574  7.13 

Ontario  2,523,274  2,182,947  15.58 

Prince  Edward  Isl.  93.728  103.259  *9.23 
Quebec  .  ...2,003,232  1,648.898  21.46 

Saskatchewan  492,432  •  91,279  439.48 

Yukon  8.512  27.219  *68.73 

No'west  territories  18,481  20.129  *8.19 


Total     7,206,643  5,371,315     34.13 

'Decrease. 

Population  of  principal  cities  in  1911: 


Montreal,  Que.470,480 
Toronto,  Ont.. 376,538 
Winnipeg,  Man.136.035 
Vanco'ver,  B.C.100.401 
Ottawa.  Ont...  87.062 
Hamilton,  Ont.  81.969 
Quebec,  Que..  78,190 
Halifax,  N.  S..  46.619 


St.  John,  N.  B.  42,511 
Victoria.  B.  C.  31,660 
Regina,  Alb...  30.213 
Edmonton,  Alb.  24.900 
Kingston.  Out.  18,874 
r'eterborough, 

Ont 18,360 

Hull,  Que 18,222 

Sydney.   N.  S..    17,722 


Imports  and  Exports — The  total  value  of  the 
exports  for  the  year  ended  March  31.  1918. 
was  51,586.169,792;  imports,  1918,  5962,- 
543,746.  Imports  from  the  United  States 
(1919),  5813,723,031;  exports  to  the  United 
States,  5468,954,818. 

COMMONWEALTH  OF  AUSTRALIA. 
July  9,    1900.   the  British  parliament   passed 
an  act  empowering  the  six  provinces  of  Aus- 
tralia   to    form    a    federal    union    and    Jan.    1, 
1901,   the  new  commonwealth   was  proclaimed 
at  Sydney,   N.  S.  W.     Its  first  parliament   was 
opened  May  9.   1901,  by  the  prince   of   Wales 
(now   George  V.)    heir-apparent  to  the  British 
throne,    acting    for    his    father.    King    Edward 
VII.     The  capital  at  present  is  in  Melbourne.  , 
Government— The    federal    parliament    is    made 
up    of    a    senate    of    thirty-six    members,    six 
from  each  original  state,  and  a  house  of  rep- 
resentatives  of   seventy-five   members,    appor- 
tioned   as    follows:    New    South    Wales,    27; 
Victoria,   21;  Queensland,   10;   South  Austra- 
lia,   7;    Western   Australia,    5;    Tasmania,    5. 
The    king    is    represented    by    the    governor- 
greneral.     He  and  the  council  of  seven  minis- 
ters exercise  the  executive  power.     The  gov- 
ernor-general is  paid  a  salary  of   550.000   a 
year.       The    governor-general    is    Ronald    C. 
Munro-Ferguson.      The   ministers   are   W.    M. 
Hughes,  prime  minister;  L.  E.  Groom,  public 
works    and   railways;    M.    Greene,    trade    and 
customs;  G.  F.  Pearce,  defense;  W.  Webster, 
postmaster-general;     P.    McM.    Glynn,     home 
affairs;  J.  Cook,  minister  of  the  navy;  W.  A. 
Watt,    treasurer;    E.   D.    Millen,   minister    for 
repatriation. 

Area  and  Population— The  commonwealth  has 
a  total  area  of  2,974.581  square  miles,  di- 
vided among  the  states  as  follows: 


New    South 

Wales    310,372 

Victoria     87,884 

Queensland    ...670,500 


So.  Australia.  380.070 
No.  Territory.  523,620 
W.  Australia.. 975, 920 
Tasmania  26,215 


The  total  population  of  the  commonwealth 
as  enumerated  April  2,  1911,  was  4,455,005. 
divided  among-  the  states  as  follows: 


New       South 

Wales    1.648,448 

Victoria   1.315,551 

Queensland    .     605.813 
So.  Australia    408,558 


No.  Territory         3,310 
W.    Australia    282.114 


Tasmania 


191,211 


London,     Ont..   46.300 
Calgary,   Alb...  43,704 
Manufactures— [From  census  taken  in  1916  for 
year  1915.] 

1910.  1915. 

Establishments  19,218  21,291 

Capital    $1,247,583,609  $1,984,991,427 

E  m  p  1  o  yes    on 

44,077  52.548 

543,779,715         560,143,704 


salaries 

Salaries    

E  m  p  1  o  yes    on 

wages    

Wages     

Raw   materials.. 


471.126 
5197,228.701 
5601.500.018 


459.311 

5227.508.800 
57P1. 524.420 


Value   products. 51, 165,975,639  51,392,516,953 


Total 4.455.005 

The  population  of  Melbourne  in  1911  was 
600.160;  Sydney  (1911),  636.353;  Adelaide 
(1911),  192,429;  Wellington  (1911),  70,729; 
Brisbane  (1911),  143,514. 

Exports  and  Imports — The  total  exports  of  the 
states  in  the  commonwealth  in  1918  were 
5375,195,910;  total  imports,  5301.815,720. 
Australia  in  1919  exported  merchandise 
valued  at  574,643,999.  to  the  United  States 
and  imported  merchandise  worth  5109,034,- 
686. 

UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA. 
Sept.  29,  1909.  the  British  parliament 
passed  an  act  empowering  the  four  self-govern- 
ing colonies  of  South  Africa — Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  Nutal,  Transvaal  and  Orange  Free  State 
—to  form  a  federal  government  to  be  known 
as  the  Union  of  South  Africa.  This  was  pro- 
claimed May  31.  1910,  at  Pretoria,  the  seat 
of  government,  other  services  taking  place  at 
Cape  Town,  the  seat  of  the  legislature. 

The  executive  government  is  vested  in  the 
king,  represented  by  a  governor-general,  and 
an  executive  council  and  in  ten  ministers  of 
state.  Legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  parlia- 
ment consisting  of  a  senpte  and  a  house  of 
assembly.  The  senate  contains  forty  mem- 
b°rs,  eight  of  whom  are  nominated  by  the 
governor-general  in  council  and  'thirty-two 
elected  by  the  four  provinces,  each  of  which 


782 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


is   entitled    to   eight    senators.      The   assembly 
consists   of    121   members,    chosen  in   electoral 
division    as    follows:       Cape    of    Good    Hope, 
61:    Natal,    17:    Tranrraal,    36:    Orange    Free 
State.   17.     Senators  are  elected  for  ten  years 
and   assemblymen   for  five.      The   English   and 
Dutch  languages  are  both  official. 
Imports  and  Exports— The  total  imports  of  the 
four    states  in    1918    were   valued   at   $247,- 
435,840    and    the    exports    at    8164,746,185. 
Exports  to  the  United  States  in  1919.  $36,- 
388,174;   imports.   $44.841,871. 
Governor-General— Viscount    Buxton    of    New- 
timber.      Cabinet:      Minister    of    finance.    T. 
Orr;   defense.   J.   C.   Smuts:   railways.   Henry 
Burton;  justice,  N.  J.  de  Wet;  education  and 
mines,     F.     S.    Malan:     interior    and    public 
works,   Sir  T.  Watt:   agriculture,    H.  C.  Van 
Heerden:    lands,    H.    Mentz:    posts    and    tele- 
graphs. Sir  Meiring  Beck;  without  portfolio. 

Area  in  square  miles  and  population  in  1911 
Province.  Area.          Population 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 276.995          2.564.{)6o 

Natal     35.290          1.194,043 

Transvaal     110,426          1,686,212 

Orange   Free   State 50,389  528,174 


Total    473,100          5.973.394 

NEWFOUNDLAND  AND  LABRADOR. 

Government — British  colony  administered  by 
governor,  an  executive  council,  a  legislative 
council  and  an  elected  h9use  of  assembly 
Governor  and  commander  in  chief.  Sir  C.  A 
Harris:  prime  minister.  Sir  W.  F.  Lloyd 
Salary  of  governor,  $12.500. 

Area  and  Population— Area  of  Newfoundland 
42.734  square  miles;  population,  Dec.  31, 
1917.  252.464;  area  of  Labrador,  120,000 
square  miles;  population,  4.000. 

Imports  and  Exports — Imports.  1918,  $27.- 
640.000;  exports,  $30,990,000;  imports 
from  United  States  in  1919,  $14,545,065; 
exports  to.  $6,032,781. 

ALBANIA. 

Albania  before  the  great  war  was  an  autono- 
mous kingdom  created  at  a  conference  of  am- 
bassadors in  London  May  30.  1913.  as  a  result 
of  the  Balkan  wars.  Its  territory  formerly 
comprised  the  Turkish  provinces  of  Scutari 
and  Yanina.  It  has  an  area  of  11,317  square 
miles  and  a  population  of  nearly  1.000.000. 
Until  the  outbreak  of  the  European  war  in 
August,  1914,  it  was  governed  by  a  king 
(mpret)  and  an  international  commission. 
William  I.,  prince  of  Wied.  was  the  first  king, 
but  he  was  on  the  throne  only  half  a  year. 
an  insurrection  compelling  him  to  leave  the 
capital.  Durazzo.  Sept.  2,  1914.  Since  then 
the  country  has  been  in  a  state  of  disorder.  A 
provisional  government  has  been  administered 
by  Italian  military  forces  in  Durazzo  since 
June  3.  1917. 

REPUBLIC  OF  AUSTRIA. 

Government — The  various  states  composinff 
the  former  Austro-Hungarian  empire  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  \var  broke  away  from  the 
union  and  declared  themselves  independent 
of  the  mother  country,  each  becoming  a  re- 
public in  form.  Austria  herself  was  pro- 
claimed a  republic  Nov.  12.  1918,  and  the 
government  was  administered  by  a  national 
assembly.  On  Feb.  16.  1919.  a  national 
constitutional  assembly  was  elected  with  the 
following  party  representation:  Social  dem- 
ocrats, 70:  Christian  socialists.  64:  liberals, 
23;  other  parties.  5.  The  assembly  on  Oct. 
22.  1919,  formally  adopted  the  name  "Re- 
public of  Austria"  for  the  state,  omitting  the 
word  German  from  the  title.  The  assembly 
HP  to  Nov.  15,  1919,  had  not  chosen  any 


one  to  act  as  president,  the  administration 
being  conducted  by  Dr.  Karl  Renner  and  a 
cabinet  chosen  by  him.  Dr  Renner  an- 
nounced  in  October  that  the  republic  would 
be  constituted  by  the  federation  of  eight 
Austrian  states,  each  preserving  to  a  large 
degree  its  autonomy. 

Area  and  Population— The  area  and  popula- 
tion of  the  Republic  of  Austria  cannot  yet 
(November,  1919)  be  given  with  any  degree 
of  certainty.  The  area  may  be  roughly  es- 
timated at  30.000  square  miles  and  the 
population  at  10.300.000.  The  population 
of  Vienna  in  1914  was  2.149  800 

Imports  and  Exports— No  figures  on  the  im- 
ports and  exports  of  the  Republic  of  Austria 
were  available  in  the  fall  of  1919  The 
United  States  in  the  fiscal  year  1919  ex- 
ported to  the  territory  comprised  in  the  old 
empire  goods  to  the  vaue  of  $19.441.603  and 
imported  merchandise  valued  at  $308,682. 

BELGIUM. 

Government— King,  Albert  I.     Cabinet: 
remier    and    Minister    of    Finance — M.    Dela- 

Foreign    Affairs— Paul    Hymans 

Interior— Baron  de  Broqueville' 

War— M.  Masson 

Justice— E.  Vandervelde. 

Agriculture— Baron  Ruzette. 

Industry    and   Labor— M.    Wauters 

Colonies— M.  Franck. 
Reiikfn'     Marine'    Posts    and    Telegraphs— J. 

Economic  Affairs— M    Jaspar 

Public  Works— M.  Anseele      ' 
The  legislative  power  is  vested  in   the  king. 

senate   and    chamber    of   representatives.      The 

senate    has    120    members    and    the    chamber 

186.  or  one  for  every  40,000  inhabitants. 

Area  and  Population— Total  area.  11,373 
square  miles.  Total  population*  19J.O  7  • 
423.784;  estimated  population.  1912;,  7.571.'- 
387.  Population  of  th 
31.  1912: 

Antwerp  312,884  I  Liege 

Brussels (cap'tl) 663.647  |  Ghent  „,,„,+„..»,  , 
Imports  and  ExportSc=N:o.  figures  on  the  total 
imports  and  exports,  of  Belgium  since  1913 
are  available.  The  trade  with  the  United 
States  in  19191  was:  Imports,  $322,940837- 
exports,  $647,869.  Chief  imports  in  nor- 
mal times  are  cereals,  textiles  and  metal 
goods;  chief  exports,  cereals,  raw  textiles 
tissues,  iron,  glass,  hides,  chemicals  and 

BULGARIA, 

Government— King.  Boris  III.  The  executive 
power  is  vested  in  a  council  of  ministers 
and  the  legislative  power  in  a  sobranje  or 
national  assembly. 

Area  and  Population— Area.  43.310  square 
miles.  Population  in  1914.  4.752.997.  Pop- 
ulation of  Sofia,  the  capital.  102.769 

Imports  and  Exports— Exports  in  1914.  $28.- 
812.300;  imports.  $44.586,800.  Exports  to 
the  United  States  in  1919.  $78,071;  imports. 
$1.281.000.  The  exports  are  mainly  cereals 
and  the  imports  textiles. 


CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 

Government— President,  Thomas  G.  Masaryk. 
"remier— Vlastimil  Tusar. 

Czecho-Slovakia  announced  her  independence 
Oct.  18.  1918.  and  on  Nov.  15  the  same  year 
he  Czecho-Slovak  national  assembly  declared 
:he  state  to  be  a  republic,  with  Prof.  T.  G. 
Masaryk  as  its  first  president.  The  chief  ex- 
jcutive  formally  assumed  his  duties  on  Dec. 
31,  1918,  in  Prague,  the  capital  of  the  new 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


783 


state.     The  principal  countries  in  the  republic 

are   Bohemia,   Moravia,    Silesia   and   Slovakia. 

Area  and  Population — The  total  area  of  Czecho- 
slovakia is  approximately  60.000  square 
miles  and  the  population  13,000,000. 

Imports  and  Exports— No  figures  on  the  ex- 
ports and  imports  of  Cze^ho-Slovakia  were 
available  in  November,  1919. 

DENMARK. 

Government— King-,  Christian  X.;  heir-apparent, 
Prince  Christian  Frederick.  Cabinet: 

Premier  and  Minister  of  Justice— Carl  Theodor 
Zahle. 

Finance — Edvard  Brandes. 

Foreig-n  Affairs— Erik  Seavenius. 

Home  Affairs— Ove  Rode. 

Agriculture— Kr.   Pederson. 

Instruction — Soren  Keiser-Nielsen. 

Commerce— Christopher   Hagre. 

Public  Works— Jens  H.  Jorgensen. 

Ecclesiastical   Affairs — T.   Poulson. 

Defense — P.  Munch. 

Without  Portfolio— J.  A.  M.  Stauning-. 

1   Legislative  authority  is  vested  in  the  lands 

thing-   and    folkething-.      The   former,    which   is 

the  upper  house,  has  sixty-six  members,  twelve 

of  whom  are  appointed  lor  life,  the  remainder 

being-   elected    for   terms   of   eigiit    years.      The 

iolkething-,  or  the  lower  house,  has  114  mem 

bers.  each  elected  for  three  years. 

Area  and  Population— Denmark's  area  is  15, 
582  square  miles  and  total  population  in 
1916,  2,940,979.  Copenhagen,  the  capital 
has  a  population  of  506,390;  with  suburbs 
605,772. 

Imports  and  Exports— Total  exports  in  1916, 
$363,580,000;  imports,  3377,055,000.  The 
imports  from  the  United  States  in  1919 
were  893,167,530;  exports,  $2,294,048 
Leading*  articles  of  export  are  butter,  pork 
eg-gs  and  lard;  of  import,  textiles,  cereals 
wood,  iron  manufactures  and  coal. 


Marseilles    . 
Lyons    
Bordeaux    .  . 
Lille  .. 

.     550,619 
.     523,796 
.     261,678 
.     217,807 

ESTHONIA. 

Eethonia  is  one  of  the  provinces  of  the 
former  Russian  empire  in  the  Baltic  region 
It  is  an  independent  republic  and  is  ruled  by 
a  constitutional  assembly,  but  owing-  to  war 
•with  the  Russian  bolsheviki  and  troubles  with 
other  adjoining-  states  it  had  not  up  to  No- 
vember, 1919,  attained  any  degree  of  stability. 
Esthonia  has  an  area  of  7,289  square  miles 
and  a  population  of  about  1,750,000. 


FINLAND. 

Finland  was  proclaimed  an  independent  state 
July  20.  1917,  and  a  republic  on  Oct.  7  of 
the  same  year.  Organization  was  delayed  on 
account  of  war  between  the  red  guards  of  the 
Russian  bolsheviki  and  the  white  gnards  un- 
der Gen.  Mannerheim,  but  the  independence  of 
the  country  was  preserved  and  on  July  25, 
1919,  Prof.  Kaarie  Juho  Stahlberg-  was  elected 
the  first  president  of  the  republic  by  the  diet. 
Universal  suffrage  (men  and  women)  prevails. 
Members  of  parliament  are  chosen  by  direct 
vote. 

The  area  of  Finland  is  125,689  square  miles 
and  the  population  in  1915  was  3,300,650. 
In  the  fiscal  year  1919  Finland  exported  $309,- 
053  worth  of  merchandise  to  the  United  States 
and  imported  goods  to  the  value  of  $9,509,- 
167.  

FRANCE. 

Government — President,      Raymond      Poincare: 

term  expires    1920. 
Premier   and   Minister   of    War — Georges   Clem- 

enoeau. 


Foreig-n  Affairs— Stephen  Pichon. 

Justice— Louis    Nail. 

Public  Instruction — Louis  Lafferre. 

Colonies — Henry  Simon. 

Finance — Louis  Lucien  Klotz. 

Marine — Georges  Leyg-ues. 

Munitions— Louis   Loucheur. 

Interior — Jules  Pams. 

Commerce — Etienne  Clementel. 

Labor— G.  R.  Colliard. 

Blockade— M.  Lebrun. 

Agriculture    and    Provisions— Victor    Boret. 

Public    Works— Albert    Claveille. 

Reconstruction— M.  Loucheur. 

Liberated  Territories — M.  Lebrun. 

Legislative  authority  is  vested  in  the  cham- 
ber of  deputies  and  the  senate.  The  former 
has  602  members,  each  of  whom  is  elected 
for  four  years.  The  senate  has  300  mem- 
bers, elected  for  nine  years.  The  presidential 
term  is  seven  years. 

Area  and  Population— France  has  a  total  area 
of  207,054  square  miles.  The  area  of  the 
French  colonies  and  dependencies  throughout 
the  world  is  4,367,746  square  miles.  Total 
population  (1911)  of  France  proper,  39,- 
601,509.  Population  of  principal  cities  in 
1911: 


Nantes 
Toulouse 


170,535 
149,576 


St.    Etienne..     148,656 

Nice    142.94(1 

Havre   136,159 

Imports  and  Exports — The  imports  for  home 
consumption  in  1918  amounted  to  $3,983.- 
000,000;  exports,*  $828,800,000.  Exports  to 
the  United  States*  in  1919,  $62,693,315;  im- 
ports from,  $976,696,797.  The  chief  ex- 
ports are  textiles,  wine,  raw  silk,  wool,  small 
wares  and  leather;  imports,  wine,  raw  wool, 
raw  silk,  timber  and  wood,  leather,  skins 
and  linen. 

GERMANY. 

Government— In  November.  1918,  a  revolution 
occurred  in  Germany  as  the  result  of  the 
defeat  of  her  armies  by  the  allies.  Emperor 
William  II.  was  forced  to  abdicate  and  his 
cabinet  was  dispersed.  In  January,  1919,  a 
national  assembly  was  elected  and  on  Feb. 
6  this  body  met  at  Weimar.  On  Feb.  11, 
1919,  it  elected  Friedrich  Ebert  as  the  first 
president  of  the  German  republic.  A  con- 
stitution was  formulated  and  adopted  July 
31.  The  chief  officials  of  the  republic  in 
1919  were: 

President— Friedrich  Ebert:   term  7  years. 

Chancellor— Gustav   Bauer. 

Vice-President  of  Cabinet  and  Minister  of  Fi- 
nance— Bernard  Dernburg-. 

Foreign  Affairs— Count  von  Brockdorff-Rantzau. 

Home  Affairs— Dr.  Hug-o  Preuss. 

Food   Supplies— Robert    Schmidt. 

Colonies— Dr.  Bell. 

Justice — Htrr  Landsberg-. 

Defense— Gustav    Noske. 

3osts — Herr    Giesberts. 

Ministers  Without  Portfolio— Matthias  Erz- 
berg-er,  Georg-  Gothein,  Herr  David. 

Area  and  Population— The  area  of  the  states 
in  the  old  empire  was  208.780  square  miles; 
area  of  dependencies  about  1,027,820  square 
miles;  grand  total,  1,236,600  square  miles. 
Omitting-  Alsace-Lorraine  the  area  of  the 
German  republic  is  203.176  square  miles. 
This  will  be  still  further  reduced  by  the  re- 
sult of  various  plebiscites.  The  population 
of  the  empire  in  1910  was  64,925,933  in- 
cluding- Alsace-Lorraine,  which  then  had  1.- 
874,014  inhabitants.  The  states'  population 
in  1910  was: 


784 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Prussia     ...40.165,219 
Bavaria     ...    6.887.291 
Wurttem 
berg    ....   2,437,574 
Baden   2.142.833 
Saxony     ...   4,806.661 
Hesse    1,282,219 
Mecklenburg-- 
Schwerin.       639,958 
Oldenburg-..       483.042 
Brunswick..      494,339 
Saxony  417,149 
Mecklenburgr- 
Strelitz    ..       106.442 
Hamburg   ..   1,014.664 
Reuss,  elder 
branch  ...         72,769 
Lubeck    ....       116.599 
Bremen   295,715 
Saxe  -  Mein- 
ingen    ....       278,762 
German  cities  having 
habitants  in  1910  inch 
Berlin  2,071.257 

Anhalt    ....      331,128 

Saxe-Coburg- 
Gotha    ...       257,177 
Saxe-Alten- 
burg    216,128 
Lippe                   150  937 

figs;    imports,    foodstuffs,    textiles,    coal    and 
timber. 

HUNGARY. 

Hung-ary  was  proclaimed  an  independent  re- 
public   Nov.    16,    1918.    with    Count    Michael 
Karolyi    as    provisional    president    and    a    pro- 
visional  assembly  as  the  source   of   legislative 
power.      This    administration    continued    until 
March    22.     1919    when    the    Karolyi    cabinet 
resig-ned    and    was    succeeded   by    a    bolshevist 
cabinet    under    Bela    Kun.     There    was    much 
rioting  and  bloodshed  in  Budapest  and  no  ma- 
terial    progress    toward     stability    was    made. 
Early  in  August  Bela   Kun  was  forced  to  flee 
from    the    country    and    then    the   Roumanians 
who    had    been    fighting    the    Hungarian    bol- 
sheviki  came  in  and  took  possession  of  Buda- 
pest.    Though    ordered    by    the    peace    council 
in    Paris    to    leave    Hungary,    the    Roumanians 
remained.      A    cabinet   under  Jules  Peidll   was 
in    power    a    short    time,    when    it    was    over- 
thrown by  Archduke   Joseph,   who   established 
a   new   ministry.     This  lasted  only  about  two 
weeks.       In    November,     1919.     a    government 
headed    by    Karl    Huszar    was    in    control    of 
Hungarian  affairs. 
Hungary    has    an    area     of     about     109,000 
sauare   miles    and   in    1910    had    a   population 
of     18.142.200.     not     including     Croatia     and 
Slavonia.    which    had    joined    the    Jugo    Slav 
republic.      Having  been  in  a  state  of  anarchy 
for   more   than   a   year,    the    country   in    1919 
was    not    in    a    condition    to    do    exporting-    or 
importing  on  any  except  a  mirror  scale. 

ICELAND. 

Since  Dec.   1,   1918.  Iceland  has  been  recog- 
nized as   an  independent   state  united  to  Den- 
mark  chiefly   through   having   the   same   king, 
Christian     X.       Legislative     power     is     vested 
jointly  in  the  king  and  the  althing.  or  parlia- 
ment,   the   members   of    which   are   elected  by 
universal  suffrage,  all  men  and  women  born  in 
Iceland  and  more  than  25  years  of  age  having 
the    franchise.      The   president    of    the    council 
in    1919    was    Jon    Magnusson.      The    area    of 
Iceland  is  39.700   square  miles  and  the  popu- 
lation in  1910  was  85,183. 
The    imports    of   Iceland    in    1916    amounted 
in    value    to    $7.230,200    and    the    exports    to 
$10,912,210.      The    imports    from    the    United 
States   in    1919    amounted   to   $3,884.950    and 
the    exports    to    $905,774. 

Schwarz- 
burg-Rud.       100,702 
Schwarz- 
burg-Sond          89,917 
Reuss,   jun- 
ior br'nch       152,752 
Scha'mburg- 
Lippe   46,652 
Waldeck    ...         61,707 
Alsace-Lor- 
raine       1,874,014 

Total  64,025.293 

more  than  150,000  in- 
ide  the  following: 
Koenigsberg..    245,994 
Rixdorf    237,289 
Stettin    236,113 

Hamburg-    ...    931,035 
Munich      ....     596,467 
Leipzig-  589.850 
Dresden     ....     548.308 
Cologne  516,527 
Breslau      ....     512,105 
Frankfurt  am 
Main    414576 

Duisburg    ...     229,483 
Dortmund    ...   214,226 
Kiel           211,627 

Mannheim...     193,902 
Halle-on- 
Saale   180,843 
Strassburg-   ..     178,891 
Schoeneberg.     172,823 
Altona                 172  628 

Duesseldorf..     358.728 
Numbers    ...    333,142 
Chariot  ten- 
burg-  305  978 

Danzig    170,337 
Elberfeld   ....     170,195 
Gelsenkirchen    169.513 
Sarmen   169,214 
3osen            ..     156,691 

Hanover    ....     302.375 
Essen                   294  653 

Chemnitz  287,807 
Stuttgart  286,218 
Magdeburg-  ..    279,6 
Bremen   247.437 

Exports  and   Imports—  T 
months  of  1914),  $1, 
ports,    $1,346,570,000 
many's  commerce  sine 
been    made    public.      1 
ended     June     30,     191 
$944.981  worth  of  me 
States;     imports     fror 
amounted  to   $8,843,* 

Aachen        ...     156,143 

Cassel   153,196 

"otal  exports    (first  six 
246,240,000;   total  im- 
No    details    of    Ger- 
e  the   war  began  have 
During   the   fiscal    year 
9.     Germany     exported 
rchandise  to  the  United 
n     the     United     States 
82. 

GREECE. 

Government — King,   Alexander.      Cabinet : 

President  of  the  Council  and  Minister  of  War — 
Eleutherios  Venizelos. 

Foreign  Affairs— M.  Politis. 

Marine — Admiral  Koundouritis. 

Interior — M.    Raktivan. 

Communications — M.  Papanastasion. 

Finance— M.    NegrepontcS. 

Justice — M.  Tsirimokos. 

Agriculture — M.   G.   Kafandaris. 

Education— M.  Dingas. 

Refugees— S.    Simos. 

National  Economy — K.  Spyridis. 

Food — P.  Bourloumis. 

Legislative  authority  is  vested  in  one  cham- 
ber,   the    boule,    com  :sting    of    235    members, 

each  of  whom  is  elected  for  four  years. 

Area  and  Populations-Total  area,  41,933 
square  miles.  Population  in  1914,  4,821,- 
300.  Athens  in  1907  had  167,479  inhabi- 
tants; Piraeus,  73,579;  Patras,  37.724;  Sa- 
loniki  (1913),  160,000. 

Exports  and  Imports — The  total  exports  in 
1916  amounted  in  value  to  $20,433,200;  im- 
ports, $45,705,000.  Exports  to  the  United 
States  in  1919,  $22.876,904;  imports  from 
the  United  States,  $22,908,250.  The  lead- 
ing' exports  are  currants,  ores,  olive  oil  and 


ITALY. 

Government — King,  Victor  Emmanuel  III.;  heir 
to  the  crown,  his  son  Humbert,  prince  of 
Piedmont,  born  Sept.  16.  1904. 

President  of  Council  and  Minister  of  Interior — 
Francesco  Nitti. 

Foreign  Affairs^— Tommaso  Tittoni. 

Grace  and  Justice — Sig.  Mortara. 

Treasury — Sig.    Schanzer. 

Finance — Francesco   Tcd?sco. 

War— uieut.-Gen.  Albrioci. 

Public  Instruction — Alfredo  Paccelli. 

Public  Works— Sig.  Pantano. 

Agriculture — Sig.    Visocchi. 

Posts  and  Telegraphs— Sig.   Chienti. 

Colonies — Luigi    Rossi. 

Military  Aid   and  Pensions— Sig.   Dacomo. 

Marine — Rear-Admiral    Sechi. 

Industry   and   Commerce — Carlo  Ferraris. 

Liberated    Provinces — Sig.    Denava. 
Legislative   authority  vests  in   the  king  and 

parliament.    The  latter  consists  of  a  senate  of 

383    members    (in    1917)    and    a    chamber   of 

deputies  of  508  members. 

Area  and  Population— The  area  of  Italy  ie 
110,632  square  miles.  According  to  the 
census  of  Jan.  1.  1915,  the  total  population 


ALMANAC   AND   YEARBOOK  FOR   1920. 


785 


was  36.120.118.    Population  of  the  principal 
cities : 


Naples    . 

...697.917 

Milan     .  . 

663  Oo9 

Rome  

...590.960 

Turin 

451  994 

Palermo 

....345.891 

Genoa    . 

...300.139 

Florence 


.242,147 


Catania    217.389 

Bologna     189.770 

Venice    168.038 

Messina     .......  150,000 

Livorno     108.585 

Exports  and  Imports— The  value  of  merchan- 
dise exported  in  1918  was  $496.726.100: 
imported.  $2.820.328.785.  The  total  value 
of  exports  to  the  United  States  in  1919  was 
$21.573.527;  imports  from  the  United  States, 
$496.174.736.  Chief  imports  are  coal,  cotton, 
grain,  silk.  wool,  timber,  machinery,  sugar 
and  oil:  chief  exports,  silk,  wine,  oil,  coral, 
sulphur,  hemp  and  flax. 

LITHUANIA. 

Lithuania,  one  of  the  former  provinces  of 
the  old  Russian  empire,  was  proclaimed  a  re- 
public Nov.  30.  1918,  with  Karl  Ullman  as 
the  first  president.  Vilna  is  the  capital  of  the 
state,  which  has  an  area  of  80.000  square  miles 
and  a  population  of  about  9.000,000  made  up 
of  Lithuanians.  Letts.  Poles.  Jews,  Germans. 
White  Russians  and  others.  The  military  op- 
erations in  1919  prevented  the  country  from 
reaching-  a  condition  of  stability.  Figures  as 
to  exports  and  import  are  not  available. 

LIVONIA. 

Livonia,  one  of  the  Baltic  border  states, 
has  an  area  of  about  10.930  square  miles  and 
a  population  of  1.744,000.  Since  the  fall  of 
the  Russian  empire  it  has  aimed  to  be  an  in- 
dependent republic. 

MONTENEGRO. 

King-.  Nicholas  I.  Area,  5.603  square  miles- 
population.  516.000:  of  the  capital.  Cetinje, 
4,500.  Total  exports  in  1910,  $498,200:  im- 
ports. $1,701.300.  Montenegro  has  practically 
no  trade  with  the  United  States.  Chief  ex- 
ports are  sumac,  smoked  sardines,  cattle,  sheep, 
goats,  cheese,  olive  oil,  wine  and  tobacco.  Im- 
ports include  petroleum,  salt,  maize,  cottons, 
hardware,  sugar,  coffee  and  rice. 

The  exact  status  of  Montenegro  had  not  been 
denned  up  to  Nov.  15,  1919.  King-  Nicholas 
was  absent  in  Paris  and  exercised  only  nom- 
inal authority  over  his  country. 

NORWAY. 

Government— King.  Haakon  VII.;  crown  prince 
Olaf. 

President  of  Council  and  Minister  of  Agricul- 
ture— Gunnar  Knudsen. 

Foreign   Affairs — Nils   C.    Ihlen. 

Justice— M.  Urbye. 

Commerce— B.  Stuevold-Hansen. 

Labor — M.   Olsen-Nalum. 

Finance — Anton    T.    Omholt. 

Education   and    Worship — Jorgen  Lovland. 

Defense — Rudolph  Peerson. 

Social    Affairs— Paul    Berg. 

Provisipning— Haakon   Five. 

Industrial  Supplies — H.  Hauan. 
Legislative     authority     is     vested     in      the 

storthing,    consisting   of    126    members   elected 

for  three  years  through  universal   suffrage  by 

men  and  women.    The  storthing  consists  of  two 

houses,    the  odelsthing-  and   the  lag-thing.    The 

former    is    made    UP    of    three-fourths    of    the 

members    of    the    storthing    and   the   latter    of 

one-fourth. 

Area  and  Population— The  total  area  of  Nor- 
way is  124.643  square  miles.  The  total 
population  in  January.  1918.  estimated  at 
2.632.010.  Christiania  in  1918  had  a  pop- 
ulation of  259.445  and  Bergen  90,733. 


Imports  and  Exports— The  value  of  the  im- 
ports in  1916  was  $458,410,000:  exports. 
$247.083.100.  Exports  to  the  United  States 
in  1919.  $3,219.245:  imports.  $101.641.460. 
The  chief  exports  are  timber  and  wood 
manufactures,  wood  pulp,  malty  food,  fish, 
paper  and  minerals:  imports,  breadstuff  s, 
groceries,  yarn,  textiles,  vessels  and  ma- 
chinery. 

PORTUGAL. 

Government— President.  Admiral  Canto  y 
Castro  Silva  Antunes. 

Premier — Domingo   Pereira. 

Minister  of  Finance-j-Ramada  Curto. 

Foreign  Affairs — Xavier  Silva. 

Justice — Senhor  Granjo. 

War— Col.  Antonio  M.  Baptista. 

Instruction — Leonardo  Coimbra. 

Labor— Dias  da  Silva. 

Colonies— Jorge  Munes. 

Legislative    authority    is    vested    in    a    na- 
tional council  of   164   members  and  an  tipper 

house    of    71    members.     The    first    elections 

were   held   May   28.    1911,   and   the   assembly 

opened  June  19. 

Area  and  Population— Total  area,  including 
Azores  and  Madeira.  35,490  square  miles. 
Area  of  possessions  in  Africa  and  Asia.  801,- 
060  square  miles.  The  population  of  the 
home  country  with  the  Azores  and  Madeira 
in  1911  was  5.957.985:  of  the  colonies  in 
Africa  and  Asia.  9.139.444.  In  1911  Lisbou 
had  a  population  of  435,359  and  Oporto 
194.009. 

Imports  and  Exports — Total  imports  in  1916, 
$12.503,000:  total  exports,  $24.642,500. 
Imports  from  the  United  States  in  1919. 
$21,975.725;  exports  to  the  United  States, 
$4.427,140.  The  chief  imports  are  food- 
stuffs, cotton,  sugar,  fish.  wool,  leather,  coal 
and  coffee:  chief  exports,  wine,  sardines, 
copper  ore,  olives  and  figs. 

ROUMANIA. 

Government — King,    Ferdinand:    crown    prince, 
Carol. 
Legislative   authority   is  vested  in   a    senate 

of  120  members  elected  for  eight  years  and  a 

chamber  of  deputies  of   183   members  elected 

for  four  years. 

Area  and  Population— The  total  area  is  53.689 
square  miles.  The  population  in  1899  was 
5.956.690:  in  1914.  7.508.009.  Population 
of  the  principal  towns  (in  1914)  :  Bukha- 
rest,  345.628;  Jassy,  76,120;  Galatz,  72,- 
512;  Braila.  65.911. 

Exports  and  Imports — The  value  of  the  exports 
in  1913  was  $134.141.000;  of  the  imports. 
$118.002.500.  The  chipf  exports  are  cerealt 
and  the  leading  imports  are  textiles.  Ex- 
ports to  the  United  States  in  1919.  none: 
imports  from.  $1,050.451. 


RUSSIA. 

Government — Russia  since  Nov.  8.  1917.  has 
been  ruled  nominally  by  a  soviet  or  council 
of  soldiers,  workmen  and  peasants.  In  re- 
ality the  government  has  been  a  dictator- 
ship exercised  by  the  following  men  who  call 
themselves  "people's  commissioners": 

President  of  the  Council— Vladimir  Hitch 
Ulianov  Lenin. 

Commissioner  for  Foreign  Affairs— M.  Tchlt- 
cherin. 

Commissioner  for  Military  Affairs  and  the 
Navy— Leon  Trotzky. 

Area  and  Population— The  area  and  popula- 
tion of  what  is  known  as  soviet  Russia 
cannot  be  given  with  any  degree  of  accuracy. 
The  country  has  been  in  a  state  of  civil  war 
ever  since  the  overthrow  of  the  czar  and 
a  score  of  the  provinces  included  in  the  old 
empire  have  declared  themselves  independ- 


786 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


ent  republics.  Its  area  before  the  great  up- 
heaval was  8.764.586  square  miles  and  ita 
population  in  1915  was  182.182,600.  Pop- 
ulation of  the  principal  cities: 

Petrograd     (1915) ...2.318.645 

Moscow     (1915) 1,817,100 

Warsaw     (1916) 789.289 

Odessa    (1912) 631.040 

Lodz    (1910) 415.604 

Riga     (1913) 558.000 

Kiev    (1913) 626.313 

Kharkov     (1913) 249,698 

Yekaterinoslav     (1912) 220.446 

Saratov     (1913) 235.300 

Vilna      (1913) 203,940 

Kazan     (1913) 194.246 

Imports  and  Exports— The  total  value  of  the 
imports  in  1916  was  8576.500,000:  of  the 
exports.  8201.000.000.  The  exports  to  the 
United  States  in  1919  amounted  in  value  to 

S 2.927.434:  imports  from  the  United  States 
11.390.318.     The    chief    exports    are    food- 
stuffs,   timber,    oil.    furs   and    flax:    imports, 
raw    cotton,     wool,     metals,    leather,    hides, 
skins  and  machinery. 

POLAND. 

Poland  is  a  republic  in  which  legislative 
power  is  vested  in  a  national  assembly  elected 
by  men  and  women,  all  of  whom  above  the 
age  of  21  have  the  right  to  vote.  The  execu- 
tive power  is  exercised  by  a  president  and 
cabinet.  The  president  in  November.  1919 
was  Joseph  Pilsudski  and  the  cabinet  was 
made  up  of  the  following: 
Premier  and  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs— Ig 

naee  Paderewski. 
Interior — M.  Wejciechowski. 
Commerce  and  Industry — M.  Honcia. 
Finance— M.    Karpinski. 
Public  Health— M.  Janiszewski. 
Communications — M.  Eberhardt. 
Posts   and   Telegraphs— M.   Linde. 
Agriculture — M.   Janicki. 
Fine   Arts — M.    Przesmycki. 
Labor— M.    Iwanowski. 
Food— M.   Minkiewicz. 
Justice— M.   Supinski. 
Public   Works— M.    Prochnik. 
War— Col.  Wroczynski. 

Area  and  Population — The  boundaries  not 
having  yet  (November.  1919).  been  ex- 
actly defined,  the  following  estimates  from 
Polish  sources  are  given:  Area.  135,367 
square  miles;  population  36,234,727. 
Imports  and  Exports— The  exports  of  Poland 
are  chiefly  manufactured  goods,  furniture 
and  beverages;  the  imports  are  raw  mate- 
rials such  as  wool  and  cotton.  Figures  as 
to  amounts  and  values  are  not  available. 


SERBIA. 

Government — King.  Peter  I.  (Karageorgevitch) ; 
heir-apparent.  Prince  Alexander  (second 
son)  who  for  some  years  has  been  acting 
as  regent;  premier,  Stoyan  Protitch.  Legis- 
lative authority  is  vested  in  a  single  cham- 
ber called  "skupshtina,"  of  160  elected 
members. 

Area  and  Population— Area.  33.891  square 
miles.  Population  in  1910.  2.911.701-  in 
1914.  4,547.990.  The  capital.  Belgrade,  had 
90.890  inhabitants  before  the  war  with  Aus- 
tria. Nish,  the  war  capital,  had  24.949  in- 
habitants in  1911.  When  the  boundaries 
of  Serbia  have  been  definitely  fixed  the  lore- 
going  figrures  as  to  area  and  population  will 
be  subject  to  material  changes. 

Exports  and  Imports— Total  value  of  exports 
in  1912.  $18. 595.000:  imports.  814.705.000. 
Exports  to  the  United  States  in  1919,  none- 


imports.  82.696.876.  Exports  are  mainly 
agricultural  products  and  animals  and  the 
imports  cotton  and  woolen  goods  and  metals. 

SPAIN. 

Government — King-.  Alfonso  XIII.:  heir-appar- 
ent. Prince  Alfonso. 

Premier— Joaquin  S.   Toca. 

Foreign  Affairs — Marauis  de  Lema. 

Interior— Senor  Burgos. 

Finance— Count  de  Bugalial. 

War— Gen.  Covaro. 

Marine— Admiral    Flores. 

Public  Instruction— Pradoy  Palacios. 

Justice— P?  -cual  y  Amat. 

Area  and  Population — Total  area,  194,783 
square  miles.  Total  population  of  Spain 
Jan.  1.  1914.  20.355,986.  Population  of 
large  cities  (1910)  : 

Madrid   599,807    Saragossa 


Barcelona 587,411 

Valencia 233.348 


Seville    155.366 

Malaga    ..133,045 

Murcia    .       ...124,985 


Cartagena 
Bilbao 


105,788 
96,983 
92.514 
77.425 
67,742 
67,174 


Granada    . 

Valladolid 

Cadiz    .... 

Imports  and  Exports— The  exports  of  Spain 
in  1918  amounted  to  8272.501,900;  imports. 
8256.194,300.  Total  exports  to  the  United 
States  in  1919.  830,979.183;  imports.  898.- 
931.638.  Chief  exports  are  wine,  sugar, 
timber,  animals,  glassware  and  pottery;  im- 
ports, cotton  and  cotton  manufactures,  ma- 
chinery, drugs  and  chemical  products. 


SWEDEN. 

Government— King.  Gustaf  V.:  crown  prince. 
Gustaf  Adolf. 

Premier — Nils  Eden. 

Foreign   Affairs— Dr.   J,   Hellner. 

Finance — F.   V.  Thorsson. 

Marine— Erick  Palmstjerna. 

War— E.   A.    Nilsson. 

Education — K.    V.    Ryden. 

Interior— P.  A.  V.  Schotte. 

Agriculture— P.    Alfred   Pettersen. 

Justice — G.    Eliel   Loevgren. 

Ministers  Without  Portfolios— B.  A.  Petren 
and  B.  O.  Unden. 

Legislative   authority   is  vested  in   a   parlia- 
ment of  two  chambers,  the  first  of  which  has 

a    membership    of    150    and    the    second    230. 

Members    of    the    upper  house    are   elected   by 

"landsthings"  or  provincial  representations  and 

municipal  corporations  for  terms  of  six  years. 

The   second  chamber  members   are  elected  for 

three  years  by  universal   suffrage. 

Area  and  Population — The  total  area  of 
Sweden  is  172.876  square  miles.  The  popu- 
lation Dec.  31.  1917  was  5.800.847.  The 
population  of  the  principal  cities  at  the 
same  time  was: 

Stockholm 413.163  i  Norkoping 68.154 

Gothenburg....  196. 994    Gacfle 36,682 

Malmo 112,621  I  Helsingborg. . .   44,763 

Imports  and  Exports— The  total  imports  in 
1917  were  valued  at  8316,518,000;  exports. 
8432.326,750.  Exports  to  the  United  States 
in  1919.  85,820.070;  imports,  878,119,187. 
The  leading  articles  of  export  are  timber 
and  machinery:  of  import,  textile  goods  and 

foodstuffs.  

SWITZERLAND. 

Government  —  President      of      federal      council 
(1919)— Gustav  Ador. 
Legislative    authority    is    vested    in    a    state 

and  a  national  council,  the  former  having"  44 
and  the  latter  167  members.  The  national 
councilors  are  elected  directly  by  the  people: 

,he  state .  councilors  are  elected  in  eome  can- 
tons by  the  people  and  in  others  by  the  can- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


787 


Bern    105.000 

St.  Gallen 71,400 


Lausanne 


71,400 


tonal  legislature.  The  chief  executive  au- 
thority is  vested  in  the  bundesrath,  or  federal 
council,  one  member  of  which  is  the  chief  of 
one  of  the  federal  departments.  Its  decrees 
are  enacted  as  a  body.  Its  members  are 
elected  president  in  rotation. 

Switzerland  owns  its  main  railroads,  its  tele- 
graph  and   telephone   system   and    monopolizes 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  alcohol. 
Area      and      Population— Total      area,      15,976 

square  miles.      The  population,   according   to 

!he  census  of  July  1.   1916,   was  3  937.000. 

Population  of  the  largest  cities   (19 

Zurich    213.900 

Geneva    139,500 

Basel  137.100    

Exports  and  Imports— Total  exports  in  19^6' 
$488.964.000;  imports,  $475.700.920.  Ex- 
ports to  the  United  States  in  1919.  $18.- 
648  788;  imports,  $63,223.093.  The  articles 
chiefly  exported  are  cottons,  silks,  clocks 
and  watches;  imported,  foodstuffs,  silk, 
minerals  and  metals,  clothing-  and  animals. 

THE  NETHERLANDS. 

Government— Queen,    Wilhelmina;    prince    con- 
sort,   Henry   of   Mecklenburg-Schwenn ;    heir, 
Princess   Juliana 
Prime  Minister  and  Minister  of  the  Interior— 

Jonkheer  Ruys  de  Beerenbrouck. 
Foreign   Affairs— Jonkheer   Karnebeek 
Agriculture.   Commerce,    Industry    and  Labor- 
Mr.   H.  A.  Ysselsteyn. 
War— Jonkheer  A.  van  Gensan. 
Navy — Dr.   H.    Byleveld. 
Justice— Dr.  T.  H.  Heemskerk. 
Finance— Mr.  de  Vries. 
Colonies— A.  W.  F.  Idenburg. 
Labor— J.  P.  M.  Aalberse. 

Legislative  authority  is  vested  in  the  states- 
general,  composed  of  two  chambers  the  first 
having  50  members  and  the  second  100.  The 
latter  are  elected  directly  and  the  former  by 
the  provincial  states. 

Area  and  Population— The  area  of  Holland  or 
the  Netherlands,  is  12.648  square  miles. 
The  total  population  Dec.  31.  .  1017,  was 
6.724.663;  that  of  the  chief  cities  Dec.  31. 
1917,  was: 

Groningen  87.063 


Amsterdam   ...640,993 
Rotterdam    ....500,221 

The  Hag-ue 344,636 

Utrecht    135.368 


Haarlem 


74,816 


Arnhem  ..'.'.'!'!    70,'664 
Leiden    60,187 


Imports  and  Exports— In  1917  Holland  im- 
ported $319.274.274  worth  of  merchandise 
and  exported  3204.824,360.  In  1919  the 
exports  to  the  United  States  amounted  to 
$30  652  531*  and  the  imports  from  the  same 
country  to  $103.801.757.  Chief  imports 
are  iron  and  steel  and  their  manufac- 
tures, textiles,  coal,  cereals  and  flour;  ex- 
ports, butter,  sugrar  and  cheese. 

DUTCH    EAST    INDIES. 

Area.  735,000  square  miles:  population.  48,- 
000  000;  area  of  Java  and  Madura.  50,557 
square  miles;  population,  36,015,435.  The 
chief  exports  are  sugar,  coffee,  tea,  rice, 
indigo,  cinchona,  tobacco,  copra  and  tin. 

TURKEY. 

Government — Sultan,  Mohammed  VI.     Cabinet : 

Grand  Vizier— Gen.   Ali  Riza  Pasha. 

Justice — Mustapha   Bey. 

Foreign  Affairs — Mustapha  Rechid  Pasha. 

Sheik-ul-Islam— Houloussi  Effendi. 

Finance— Djaved  Bey. 

Public  Instruction.  Posts  and  Telegraphs— S? id 

Public  Works — Hamed  Abouk  Pasha, 
War — Djemal   Pasha. 


Commerce— Shereef  Bey. 

A  constitutional  form  of  government  was 
adopted  July  24,  1908.  with  legislative  author- 
ity vested  in  a  parliament. 

Area  and  Population — Before  the  war  the 
area  of  Turkey  in  Europe  was  8.644.  of 
whole  empire,  710.224  square  miles.  The 
total  population  of  all  parts  of  the  empire 
then  was  21.273.000.  Constantinople  has 
about  1.203.000  inhabitants. 
Exports  and  Imports— The  total  exports  in 
1917  amounted  in  value  to  $170,300.000 
and  the  imports  to  $1.106.000.  The  im- 
ports from  the  United  States  in  1919 
amounted  to  $8,017,376  and  the  exports  to 
$4,966,558.  The  principal  articles  imported 
are  cloth  and  clothing,  sugar,  coffee,  flour, 
rice  and  manufactures  of  iron;  exports, 
grapes,  silk,  grain,  cocoons,  wool,  cotton, 
carpets,  hides  and  skins. 

UKRAINIA. 

The  "Ukrainian  People's  Republic"  was  pro- 
claimed Nov.  21.  1917.  Since  that  time  it 
has  been  the  scene  of  constant  changes  of 
government,  passing  back  and  forth  between 
the  bolsheviki  and  the  enemies  of  soviet  Rus- 
sia. In  October.  1919,  a  coalition  ministry 
was  formed  with  I.  Maseppi  as  premier  and 
minister  of  the  interior,  W,  Slavinski  as  min- 
ister of  foreign  affairs.  M.  Petroff  as  minister 
of  war  and  S.  N.  Prokopovitch  as  minister 
of  education.  The  capital  is  Kiev.  The  coun- 
try in  normal  times  exports  large  quantities 
of  grain,  especially  wheat.  Its  area  is  about 
216.400  square  miles  and  its  population  is 
approximately  30,000,000. 


JUGO   SLA  VIA. 

Jugo  Slavia,  or  the  state  of  the  southern 
Slavs,  is  composed  of  Croatia.  Slavonic  and 
Dalmatia.  The  capital  is  at  Agram  in  Croatia. 
The  total  separation  of  the  territories  named 
from  Hungary  was  voted  on  Oct.  31.  191S. 
and  Crown  Prince  Alexander  was  appointed 
regent  Nov.  26  by  the  national  council  at 
Agram.  The  boundaries  of  the  state  had  not 
been  definitely  fixed  up  to  Nov.  15.  1919.  The 
area  of  Croatia.  Slavonia  and  Dalmatia  com- 
bined is  about  21.360  square  miles  and  the 
population  3.250.000. 


ASIA. 

AFGHANISTAN. 

Ameer.  Amanullah  Khan;  population,  about 
6.000.000:  area,  250.000  square  miles.  No 
statistics  as  to  imports  and  exports  of  Afghan- 
istan are  available.  The  chief  productions  are 
preserved  fruits,  spices,  wool,  silk,  cattle  and 
tobacco. 

BOKHARA. 

Ameer.  Sayid  Mir  Alim  Khan;  heir,  Sayid 
Mir  Ibrahim.  The  area  of  Bokhara  is  about 
83,000  square  miles  and  the  population  1.- 
250,000.  The  products  are  corn,  tobacco, 
fruit,  silk  and  hemp.  Since  1873  Bokhara  has 
been  a  dependency  of  Russia. 

CHINA. 

Government  —  President.  Hsu  Shih-ohang: 
premier.  Chin  Yun-peng.  The  president  and 
vice-president  are  each  elected  for  a  term  of 
five  years.  Legislative  power  is  nominally 
vested  in  a  single  house  assembly,  but  it  is 
practically  only  an  advisory  body.  The  presi- 
dent possesses  autocratic  powers  and  China 
is  a  republic  in  name  only. 

Area  and  Population— Total  area  of  China, 
with  dependencies.  3,913.560  souare  miles: 
estimated  population.  320.050,000. 

Exports  and  Imports — The  total  exports  in 
1916  amounted  to  8402,492,500.  and  the 
imports  to  $430.339,000.  During  the  fiscal 


788 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


vear  1919  goods  to  the  value  of  $92.496,112 
were  imported  from  the  United  States.  The 
total  exports  in  the  same  period  to  the 
United  States  amounted  to  $128,319.4:51. 
The  articles  imported  from  America  consist 
mainly  of  flour,  kerosene,  sago,  india  rub- 
ber shoes,  ginseng,  quicksilver,  white  shirt- 
ing' drills  and  broadcloth.  Among  the  lead- 
ing' exports  are  tea,  furs,  wool,  mats,  fans, 
essential  oils,  straw  braid,  silks,  hair,  hides 
and  hemp. 


Government  —  Emperor,       Yoshihito;        crown 

prince  Hirohito.     Cabinet: 
Premier  and  Minister  of  Justice— Kei  Hara. 
Foreign  Affairs— Kosai  Uchida. 
Interior— Takejiro    Tokonami 
Finance — Baron   Korekiyo   Takahashi. 
War—Giiehi   Tanaka. 
Navy— Vice-Admiral  Tomasaburo   Kato. 
Education — Tokugoru  Nakabashi. 
Agriculture  and  Commerce— Tats uo  Yamamoto. 
Communications — Utaro  Noda. 

Legislative  authority  is  vested  in  the  em- 
peror and  the  imperial  diet.  This  consists  of 
toe  house  of  peers  and  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives, the  former  having  aoout  o7o  and 
the  latter  381  members. 

Area  and  Population— The  total  area  of  Japan 
is  260,738  square  miles      The  population  ac- 
cording to  the  census  of  Dec.  31,  1917    was 
56,550,348  exclusive  of  Formosa    the  Pesca- 
dores and  the  south  half   of   Sakhalin.    The 
total    population.    indudm^Korea^ Formosa 
and  Sakhalin,  was 
having   more  than 
Tokyo.  1916.2,244.796 
Osaka.    1916.1,460,218 
Kyoto,    1916.    539.153 
Kobe,     1916.    498,317 


Yokohama. 
1916 


428.663 


Nagoya.1916    389,272 


Hiroshima 

Nagasaki 

Kanazawa 


167,130 
161,174 
129,804 


Kure    ...:....     128,141 


Imports  and  Exports— The  total  imports  in 
1918  amounted  in  value  to  $834,069.000; 
exports.  $961,350.125.  In  1919  the  im- 
ports from  the  United  States  were  valued 
at  $326.462.269,  and  the  exports  to  the 
same  country  at  $303,993,041.  The  chief 
exports  are  raw  silk,  cotton,  yarn,  copper, 
coel  and  tea:  imports,  sugar,  cotton,  iron 
and  stc2l,  machinery,  petroleum  and  wool 

Chosen    (Korea). 

Formerly  an  empire,  but  now  a  Japanese 
colony.  Estimated  area,  86.000  square  miles. 
Population  in  1917,  16,998,191.  Seoul,  the 
capital,  has  302.686  inhabitants. 

JAVA. 
(See  The  Netherlands.) 

KHIVA. 

Khan.  Seyid  Asfendiar  Khan:  heir-apparent, 
Nasyr  Tycuara:  area,  24,000  square  miles: 
population,  646.000.  Products  are  cotton  and 
silk  Khiva  was  a  Russian  vassal  state. 

PERSIA. 

Shah  or  emperor.  Sultan  Ahmad  Shah.  Un- 
der the  constitution  granted  in  1906  legis- 
lative authority  was  vested  in  a  national  coun- 
cil of  156  members  and  a  senate  of  60  mem- 
bers. It  is,  however,  practically  nonexistent 
and  exercises  no  power  at  present.  The  area 
of  Persia  is  about  628.000  square  miles 
and  the  population  9,500,000.  Imports  in 
1917,  $72.760,500:  exports.  $63.800.000.  Im 
ports  from  the  United  States  in  1919.  $644, 
960:  exports  to.  $447,675.  Teheran,  the  cap- 
ital, has  a  population  of  about  280,000.  Chief 
among  the  products  are  silk,  fruits,  wheat 
barley  and  rice. 

SIAM. 

King,  Chowfa  Maha  Vajirvudh.  Area,  195. 
OOO  square  miles;  population  (1916),  8,819,- 


686.  Bangkok,  the  capital,  has  628,675  in- 
labitants.  The  imports  in  1918  were  $37,- 
337,500;  and  the  exports  $47,613.500.  Im- 
ports from  the  United  States  in  1919.  $2.113,- 
851;  exports  to,  $173.231.  Chief  among  the 
:xports  are  rice,  teak  and  marine  products; 
mports,  cotton  goods  and  opium. 

AFRICA. 

ABYSSINIA. 

Empress.  Waizeru  Zauditu.  Total  area  of 
Abyssinia,  432.432  square  miles;  population, 
8,000,000.  The  exports  are  coffee,  hides  and 
skins,  gum,  wax,  gold  and  ivory. 

ALGERIA. 

Algeria  is  a  colony  of  France.  Governor- 
general,  M.  Jonnart.  Area,  343,500  square 
miles;  population  in  1911,  5,563,828.  Chief 
imports  are  cotton,  skins  and  furs  and 
woodwork;  exports,  wine,  sheep  and  cereals. 

EGYPT. 

Sultan,  Prince  Ahmed  Fuad.  British  high 
commissioner.  Field  Marshal  Viscount  Al- 
lenby.  Total  area  of  Egypt,  350,000  square 
miles;  area  of  the  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan, 
1,014,400  square  miles.  The  population  of 
Egypt  proper  in  1917  was  12,710.129;  of 
the  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan,  3,400,000.  Pop- 
ulation of  Cairo,  790,938:  Alexandria,  444.- 
617.  Great  Britain  formally  declared  Egypt 
a  protectorate  of  the  empire  Dec.  17,  1914. 
The  total  exports  in  1918  were  valued  at 
$226,850,200,  and  the  imports  at  $255,- 
776,550.  Imports  from  the  United  States 
1919,  $10,293,189;  exports  to,  $23.934,- 
571.  The  exports  consist  chiefly  of  cereals, 
raw  cotton  and  provisions;  imports,  wool, 
coal,  textiles  and  metal  manufactures. 
BELGIAN  KONGO. 

Kongo  was  made  a  Belgian  colony  in  1908. 
The  estimated  area  is  909,654  square  miles 
and  the  negro  pppulation  about  15,000,000. 
Among  the  leading  articles  of  export  are 
ivory,  rubber,  cocoa,  palm  nut,  palm  oil, 
copal  gum  and  coffee.  Total  imports  in  1916, 
$24,501,000;  exports.  $55.474,800.  Ex- 
ports to  the  United  States  (1919),  $865,053; 
imports,  $2,731,839. 

LIBERIA. 

President,  Daniel  E.  Howard;  president- 
elect (1920-1924),  C.  B.  King;  vice-president, 
S.  G.  Harmon.  Legislative  power  is  vested 
in  a  senate  of  nine  members  and  a  house  of 
representatives  of  fourteen  members.  The 
total  area  of  the  republic  is  about  40.000 
square  miles  and  the  population  2,120,000. 
The  exports  in  1917  were  valued  at  $618,536 
and  the  imports  (1913)  at  $902,063.  Im- 
ports from  the  United  States  in  1919,  $333,- 
849;  exports  to,  $225,163. 
MOROCCO. 

Sultan,  Mulai  Youssef.  Morocco  is  a  French 
protectorate.  Area  about  231.500  square 
miles;  population,  5,400.000.  Total  imports 
in  1917,  $73,117,015;  exports,  $26,511,130. 
Imports  from  the  United  States  in  1919, 
$1,859,782;  exports  to,  $304,244. 
MADAGASCAR. 

Governor-general,  M.  Schrameck.  Mada- 
gascar is  a  French  colony  governed  by  a 
council  of  administration.  The  area  is  228,- 
000  square  miles  and  the  population  on  Dec. 
31,  1917,  was  3,545.264.  The  capital  is  An- 
tananarivo with  a  population  of  63.115.  Im- 
ports in  1917,  $27.354.115;  exports,  $17.- 
241,550.  Exports  to  United  States  (1919), 
$26,970;  imports  from,  $539,656. 
TUNIS. 

Bey,  Sidi  Mohammed  Ben  Nasr  Bey;  heir- 
presumptive,  Sidi  Mohammed  Ben  Mamoun 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


789 


Bey.  Tunis  is  under  the  protectorate  of . 
France  and  that  country  is  represented  by  a 
resident-greneral.  Total  area,  50,000  square 
miles;  population  in  1913.  1,953.000.  Im- 
ports in  1917,  $28,408,300;  exports,  $25,- 
034,400. 

SOUTH  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS. 

ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC. 
President,   Hipolito   Irogoyen;  capital,  Buenos 
Aires.      Area,    1,153,119    square    miles.      Pop- 
ulation     (1918),     8,284,266;     Buenos     Aires, 
1,637,155    (Jan.    1,    1918).      Total   exports    in 

1918,  $826,466,000;     imports,     $480.895.070. 
Exports   to   the  Unite<l    Stales  in  1919,   $165,- 
061,539;    imports,     $138,831.832.       Chief    ex- 
ports,  sheep,  wool,  cattle,  hides,   frozen  meats 
and    wheat;    imports,    machinery,    agricultural 
implements,    railway    cars,    engines    and    sup- 
plies  and   manufactures   of   iron   and  steel. 

BOLIVIA. 

President.  Gutierrez  Guerra;  capital.  Sucre. 
Area,  614,155  square  miles.  Population 
(1915),  2,889.970.  LaPaz.  100,097;  Choca- 
chamba.  31.014;  Sucre,  29.686.  Total  ex- 
ports in  1917,  $63.099,220;  imports,  $13,- 
392,300;  exports  to  the  United  States  in 

1919,  $700,253;    imports,    $6,731,916.     Chief 
exports,    silver,     tin,    copper,    coffee,     rubber; 
imports,    provisions,    clothing-,    hardware,    spir- 
its, silks  and  woolens. 

BRAZIL,. 

President,  Dr.  Epitacio  Pessoa;  capital,  Rio 
de  Janeiro.  Area,  3,275.510  square  miles. 
Population  (estimated  1917).  27,473,579;  Rio 
de  Janeiro  (1913),  975,818;  Sao  Paulo 
(1911),  450,000;  Bahia,  348.130;  Pernam- 
buco,  216,484.  Exports  (1918),  $305.839,- 
850;  imports.  $264,084.400.  Exports  to  the 
United  States  in  1919,  $125.283,489;  im- 
ports, $93.294,275.  Chief  exports,  coffee, 
sugar,  tobacco,  cotton  and  rubber;  imports, 
cotton  g-oods,  manufactures  of  iron  and  steel, 
furniture,  mineral  oils,  breadstuffs  and  pro- 
visions. 

CHILE. 

President,  Juan  Luis  Sanfuente;  capital, 
Santiago.  Area,  289.829  square  miles.  Pop- 
ulation in  1917,  3.870,002;  Santiago.  408,- 
247;  Valparaiso,  201,507;  Concepcion.  68,902. 
Total  exports  in  1917,  $259.985,495;  im- 
ports, $129.603,115.  Exports  to  the  United 
States  in  1919.  $135,602,542;  imports,  $70,- 
288,581.  Chief  exports,  nitrate,  wool,  hides 
and  leather;  imports,  sug-ar,  coal,  cotton 
g-oods,  cashmeres,  oil,  galvanized  iron. 
COLOMBIA. 

President,  Dr.  Marco  F.  Suarez;  capital, 
Bogota.  Area,  440,846  square  miles.  Pop- 
ulation in  1912,  5,472,604;  Bogota,  121,257. 
Total  exports  (1917),  $13.441.256;  total 
imports,  $24,611,900.  Exports  to  the  United 
States  in  1919,  $28,267,604;  imports,  $13,- 
441,256.  Chief  exports,  gold,  silver  and 
other  minerals,  coffee,  cocoa,  cattle,  sugar,  to- 
bacco and  rubber;  imports,  manufactures  of 
iron  and  steel,  cotton  goods. 
ECUADOR. 

President,  Alfredo  B.  Moreno;  capital,  Quito. 
Area,  116,000  square  miles.  Population,  2,- 
000,000;  Quito,  70,000;  Guayaquil,  105,000. 
Total  exports  in  1917,  $16,337,850;  imports. 
$10,193.790.  Expo-ts  to  the  United  States 
in  1919,  $9,009,005;  imports,  $5,017,636. 
Chief  exports,  coffee,  cocoa,  rice,  sugar,  rub- 
ber, cabinet  woods,  chemicals  and  minerals; 
imports,  cotton,  provisions,  manufactures  of 
iron  and  steel,  clothing-  and  mineral  oil. 
PARAGUAY. 

President,  Dr.  Manuel  Franco:  capital.  Asun- 
cion. Area,  165.000  square  miles.  Popula- 

V 


tion  (estimated  1917),  1,000.000;  Asuncion 
(1917),  120.000.  Total  exports  in  1918. 
$6,171,311;  imports,  $5,141,726.  Exports 
to  the  United  States  in  1919,  $363,159;  im- 
ports, $734.379.  Chief  exports,  mate  (OP 
Paraguay  tea),  tobacco,  hides,  timber,  or- 
anges; imports,  cotton  goods,  machinery  and 
provisions.  pERU 

President,  Senor  Leguia;  capital,  Lima.  Area. 
722,461  square  miles.  Population  estimated 
(1912)  at  4,500,000;  Lima,  143,500;  Callao. 
34,346.  Total  exports  in  1917,  $83.217,000: 
imports.  $67,514,250.  Exports  to  the  United 
States  in  1919,  $34,835,636;  imports,  $26,- 
149.900.  Chief  exports,  cotton,  coffee,  sug-ar. 
cinchona,  india  rubber,  dyes  and  medicinal 
plants;  imports,  woolens,  cotton,  machinery 
and  manufactures  of  iron. 
URUGUAY. 

President,  Dr.  Baltasar  Brum;  capital,  Mon- 
tevideo. Area,  72,153  square  miles.  Popu- 
lation (1917),  1,407,247;  Montevideo  (Jan. 
1,  1918),  378,993.  Total  exports  in  1918. 
$115,624,315;  imports,  $68,884,700.  Ex- 
ports to  the  United  States  in  1919,  $47,- 
323,263;  imports,  $27,775,692.  Chief  ex- 
ports, animal  and  agricultural  products;  im- 
ports, manufactured  articles. 
VENEZUELA. 

President,  Gen.  Juan  Vicente  Gomez;  cap- 
ital, Caracas.  Area.  393.976  square  miles. 
Population  Dec.  31,  1917,  2,844,618;  Caracas. 
75,000.  Total  exports  in  1917,  $23,973,350; 
imports,  $26.583.600.  Exports  to  the  United 
States  in  1919,  $19,732,709;  imports,  $9,- 
275,680  Chief  exports,  coffee,  hides,  cabinet 
woods,  rubber  and  chemicals;  imports,  ma- 
chinery, manufactures  of  iron  and  steel,  pro- 
visions, furniture  and  mineral  wools. 


MEXICO. 

Government— President.  Venustiano  Carranza. 
The  republic  of  Mexico  is  divided  into 
twenty-seven  states,  three  territories  and 
one  federal  district,  each  with  a  local  gov- 
ernment, but  all  subject  to  the  federal  con- 
stitution. Representatives  are  elected  for 
two  years  each  and  are  apportioned  at  the 
rate  of  one  for  each  40,000  inhabitants: 
the  senators,  of  whom  there  are  fifty-six,  are 
elected  by  the  people  in  the  same  manner  as 
representatives.  The  president  holds  office 
four  years  and  may  be  elected  for  several 
consecutive  terms. 

Area  and  Population— The  total'  area,  includ- 
ing1 islands,  is  785,881  square  miles.  The 
estimated  population  in  1912  was  15.501.- 
684.  The  population  9f  leading  cities  of 
the  republic  follows:  City  of  Mexico  (capi- 
tal), 470.659;  Guadalajara.  118.799;  Puebla. 
101.214;  Monterey,  81.006;  San  Luis  Potosi. 
82,946;  Pachuca,  38,620;  Agnascalientes. 
44.800:  Zacatecas.  25.905;  Durango.  34,085: 
Toluca.  31.247;  Leon.  63,263;  Merida.  61.- 
999;  Queretaro,  35,011;  Morelia,  39,116; 
Oaxaca.  37.469;  Orizaba.  32,894;  Chihuahua. 
39.061:  Vera  Cruz,  29164. 

Commerce — The  chief  exports  of  Mexico  are 
precious  metals,  coffee,  tobrcco,  h3mp,  sisal, 
sug-ar,  dyewoods  and  cabinet  v/oods.  cattle 
and  hides  and  skins.  In  1914  the  totpl  ex- 
ports amounted  to  $92.833,000:  total  im- 
ports for  the  same  year  were  $60,831.070. 
The  trade  of  Mexico  is  chiefly  with  the 
United  States,  Great  Britain,  France.  Ger- 
many and  Spain.  In  1917  the  imports  from 
the  United  States  were  $119,962.952;  ex- 
ports to,  $157.693,451. 

CENTRAL  AMERICAN  STATES. 

COSTA  RIGA. 
President,     Juan     Batista     Quiroz     (actinsr) : 


790 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


capital,  San  Jose.  Area,  23,000  square  miles. 
Population  (1917).  434.995;  San  Jose,  35,654. 
Total  exports  (1917).  $11,382, 000;  imports, 
$5,595.000.  Exports  to  the  United  States  in 
1919,  $8,222,108;  imports,  $4.175,646.  Chief 
exports,  coffee  and  bananas;  imports,  cotton, 
machinery,  iron  and  steel  manufactures,  wool- 
ens and  worsteds. 

GUATEMALA. 

President.  Manuel  E.  Cabrera:  capital,  Guate- 
mala de  Nueva.  Area,  48.290  square  miles. 
Population  (1914),  2.003.579:  of  the  capital. 
90,000.  Total  exports  (1917),  $7,809.700: 
imports.  $8,991,550.  Exports  to  the  United 
States  in  1919,  $11.115,721;  imports,  $5.946,- 
331.  Chief  exports,  coffee  and  bananas:  im- 
ports, cotton  and  cereals. 


or  fraction  thereof  over  12,500,  elected  for 
four  years  by  direct  vote.  One-half  of  the 
members  of  the  house  are  elected  every  two 
years.  The  salary  of  members  of  congress  is 
$3,600  a  year. 

Organization  of  the  Republic — The  organization 
of  the  republic  of  Cuba,  begun  in  1900,  was 
practically  completed  on  the  20th  of  May. 
1902.  when  the  military  occupation  of  the 
island  by  the  United  States  came  to  an  end 
and  Gen.  Tomas  Estrada  Palma  was  in- 
augurated as  first  president. 
Area  and  Population— The  total  area  of  Cuba 
is  44,164  square  miles.  The  population  in 
1916  was  2,627,536. 
Population  of  provinces  in  1916: 


HONDURAS. 
President.    Dr.    Francisco    Berlrand:    capital, 
Tegucigalpa.    Area.  44,275  square  miles.  Pop- 
ulation   (1916),   613.758;  Tegucigalpa.  28,950. 
Total    exports     (1917),    $5.353,250;    imports, 
$6.293.000.     Exports   to   the  United   States  in 
1919,   $6.259,412:   imports.   $6,180.248.    Chief 
exports,  bananas,   coffee,  cattle,  cocoanuts  and 
wood;  chief  import,  cotton. 

Santa    Clara...  595.229 
Oriente  604,530 

PinardelRio.,269,166 
Camaguey    ....193,201 
al  cities  in   1916: 
Cardenas     32,513 
PinardelRio..   52.472 
Santa  Clara....    57,767 
Guantanamo  ..   60,216 
Sancti   Spiritus  58.843 

Population  of  princip 
Havana    360,517 
Cienfuegos   .  ..    82,092 
Oamaguey    .  ..   93,057 
Matanzas   ....    56,468 
Manzanillo      ..   62,485 
Santiago   ..     ..   63,041 

President,  Gen.  Emiliano  Chamorro:  capital, 
Managua.  Area.  49,200  square  miles.  Popu- 
lation (1917),  800,000:  Managua.  34,872; 
Leon,  62,509.  Total  exports  (1917),  $5,975,- 
200:  imports,  $6.393.065.  Exports  to  the 
United  States  in  1919,  $4,596.303;  imports, 
$5,519,137.  Chief  exports,  cattle  and  coffee; 
imports,  flour,  wine,  beer,  barbed  wire,  cotton 
goods,  sewing  machines,  kerosene,  calico  and 
tallow. 

PANAMA. 

President.  Belisario  Porras.  Independence  of 
Panama  declared  Nov.  3,  1903;  constitu- 
tion adopted  Feb.  13,  1904.  Legislative  pow- 
er is  vested  in  a  national  assembly  composed 
of  deputies  elected  by  the  people.  The  ratio 
of  representation  is  one  deputy  for  each  10.000 
inhabitants.  The  term  of  office  is  four  years. 
The  area  of  the  republic  is  32,380  square 
miles  and  the  estimated  population  in  1917. 
401.554;  city  of  Panama  (1915),  60.028: 
Colon,  26.000.  Total  exports  outside  of  Canal 
Zone  in  1918.  $2,899.557;  imports.  $7,821,- 
660.  The  exports  to  the  United  States  in  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30.  1919,  amounted  to 
$8,301,179,  and  the  imports  to  $21,262,539. 
The  chief  articles  of  export  are  bananas,  rub- 
ber, coffee  and  pearls. 

SALVADOR. 

President,  Don  Jorge  Melendez;  capital.  San 
Salvador.  Area,  13,176  square  miles.  Pop- 
ulation (1917).  1,287,722:  San  Salvador,  66,- 
800.  Total  exports  (1917),  $10.588,900;  im- 
ports, $2.619.000  (subject  to  duty  only).  Ex- 
ports to  the  United  States  in  1919.  $5,273.599; 
imports,  $5,038.229.  Chief  exports,  coffee, 
indigo,  sugar,  tobacco  and  balsams;  imports, 
cotton,  spirits,  flour,  iron  goods,  silk  and  yarn. 

CUBA. 

Government—President.  Gen.  Mario  Menocal: 
vice-president,  Enrique  Jose  Varona. 
Under  the  constitution  the  legislative  power 
is  exercised  by  two  elective  bodies — the  house 
of  representatives  r>nd  the  senate,  conjointly 
called  congress.  The  senate  is  composed  of 
four  senators  from  each  of  the  six  provinces, 
elected  for  eight  years  by  the  provincial 
councilmen.  and  by  a  double  number  of  elect- 
ors, constituting  together  an  electoral  board. 

The  house  of  representatives  is  composed  of 
one  representative  for  each  25,000  inhabitants 


About    70    per    cent    of    the    population    is 

white. 

Imports  and  Exports — -The  total  imports  in 
1917  amounted  to  $261,377,000  and  the  ex- 
ports to  $357.040,000.  The  imports  from 
the  United  States  in  1919  were  valued  at 
$229,545.706  and  the  exports  at  $337,654.- 
142.  The  principal  articles  of  export  are 
sugar,  tobacco  and  cigars,  iron  and  manga- 
nese ore,  fruit,  coffee,  cocoa,  molasses  and 
sponges;  of  import,  animals,  breadstuff  s. 
coal  and  coke,  iron  and  steel,  wood,  liquor, 
cotton,  chemicals  and  vegetables. 


HAITI. 

President.  Sudre  Dartiguenave.  The  area  of 
Haiti  is  10,204  square  miles  and  the  popula- 
tion about  2,500,000.  Coffee,  cocoa  and  log- 
wood are  the  leading  articles  sold.  Total  ex- 
ports (1917),  $1,692,968;  imports  (1919). 
$1,837,744.  Exports  to  the  United  States  in 
1919,  $9,496,037;  imports,  $12,152,876. 


DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC. 

President,  Federico  H.  Carvajal.  The  i-epub- 
lic  has  an  area  of  19.325  square  miles  and  a 
population  (1913)  of  708.000.  Santo  Do- 
mingo, the  capital,  has  22,000  inhabitants.  In 
1917  the  exports  amounted  to  $17,901,300 
and  the  chief  articles  shipped  were  coffee, 
cocoa  and  mahogany;  imports  (1918),  $20.- 
304,650.  Exports  to  the  United  Stales  in 
1919,  $9,801.954;  imports.  $15.578,663. 


CHICAGO-NEW  YORK  NONSTOP  AIRPLANE 
FLIGHT. 

Capt.  E.  F.  White,  an  American  army  avia- 
tor, made  the  first  nonstop  airplane  flight 
from  Chicago  to  New  York  on  April  19,  1919. 
In  a  De  Haviland  4.  army  reconnoissance  plane 
he  made  the  distance  by  the  route  taken,  of 
727  miles,  in  6  hours  and  50  minutes,  his  aver- 
age flying  speed  being  106  miles  an  hour.  As- 
cending- from  the  Ashburn  aviation  field  at 
Chicag-o  at  9:50  a.  m.,  and  flying-  by  way  of 
Gary,  Ind.,  Bryan,  O.,  he  descended  at  Hazle- 
hurst  field,  Mineola,  L.  I.,  at  5:40  eastern 
time.  He  was  accompanied  on  his  flight  by 
H.  M.  Schaefer,  mechanician.  The  weather 
conditions  were  favorable  all  the  way,  the 
flyer  maintaining-  an  altitude  of  between  10,- 
000  and  12,000  feet. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


791 


NONCONTIGUOUS    POSSESSIONS    OF    THE    UNITED  STATES. 


THE  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 
-The  Philippine  islands  were  ceded  to  the 
United  States  by  Spain  Dec.  10,  1898.  Maj.- 
Gen.  Merritt  was  the  first  military  governor. 
He  was  succeeded  in  August,  1899.  by  Maj.- 
Gen.  E.  S.  Otis,  who  in  turn  was  followed 
in  May,  1900,  by  Maj.-Gen.  Arthur  MacAr- 
thur.  The  last  named  remained  in  office  un- 
til July  4,  1901,  when  the  military  au- 
thority was  transferred  to  Gen.  A.  R.  Chaf- 
fee.  By  order  of  the  president  Gen.  Chaffee 
was  relieved  of  his  duties  as  military  gov- 
ernor July  4,  1902,  and  the  office  terminated. 
The  Philippine  commission  was  at  the  same 
time  made  the  superior  authority. 

By  act  of  congress  approved  Aug.  29,  1916, 
the  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  the 
Philippine  legislature,  composed  of  two 
houses,  one  the  senate  and  the  other  the 
house  of  representatives.  The  senate  con- 
sists of  twenty-four  senators  and  the  house 
of  representatives  of  ninety  members.  The 
legislature  created  under  this  law  opened  its 
first  session  on  Oct.  16.  1916,  and  on  its 
being-  organized  the  Philippine  commission 
ceased  to  exist  and  the  members  thereof  va- 
cated their  offices. 

The  governor-general  is  Francis  Burton  Har- 
rison and  the  vic^-governor  Charles  E.  Yea- 
ter.  The  governor's  term  is  indefinite.  He 
receives  820,000  a  year,  while  the  vice-gov- 
ernor receives  $10,000. 

Area  and  Population — The  total  land  and  water 
area  of  the  Philippine  archipelago  is  832,- 
968  square  miles;  land  area,  115,026;  pop- 
ulation (estimated  19}8).  9.009,802.  The 
population  of  Manila  in  1914  was  266.943. 
The  population  of  the  principal  islands  in 
1903  was:  Bobol,  243,148;  Cebu.  592,247; 
Jolo.  44,718;  Leyte,  357,641;  Luzon.  3,- 
798,507;  Marinduque,  50,601;  Mindanao. 
499,634,  of  whom  252,940  are  uncivilized; 
Negros.  460.776  (21.217  uncivilized)  ;  Pa- 
nay,  743,646  (14,933  uncivilized);  Samar. 
222,690. 

Products  and  Climate— The  chief  products 
are  hemp,  sugar,  coffee,  tobacco  leaf,  copra, 
cigars  and  cocoanut  oil.  Between  600,000 
and»  700,000  bales  of  hemp  are  exported 
annually.  The  mean  temperature  in  Manila 
ranges  from  77  in  January  to  83  in  May, 
June,  July.  August  and  September  are  the 
rainy  months;  March,  April  and  May  the 
hot  and  dry.  and  October,  November,  De- 
cember, January  and  February  the  temperate 
and  dry. 

Trade  with  the  United  States— The  shipments 
of  merchandise  from  the  United  States  to 
the  Philippines  in  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1919,  amounted  in  value  to  $69,- 
030,876,  as  compared  with  $48,425,088  in 
1918.  The  principal  articles  sent  were: 
Cotton  manufactures,  $17.188,475;  iron 
and  steel  manufactures.  $17,322.668;  min- 
eral oils,  $3,840,616.  The  imports  into  the 
United  States  amounted  in  value  to  $82.- 
490.760,  as  compared  with  $78.101,412  in 
1918.  The  principal  articles  imported 
were:  Unmanufactured  manila,  $25,027,784; 
sugar,  $9,359,192;  tobacco,  $13,664,237; 
fruits  and  nuts,  $1,321,572;  vegetable  oils. 
$28,995,933. 

Imports  and  Exports— The  total  imports  of 
the  Phiilippine  islands  in  the  calendar  year 
1918  amounted  to  $88,593,211;  total  ex- 
ports, $135,194,482. 


ISLAND    OF    PORTO   RICO. 
Porto   Rico    was  ceded    to  the  United   States 
by  Spain  Dec.   10,   1898,   and  was  under  mili- 
tary   rule    until    the    Foraker    law    went    into 
effect  May   1,    1900.      In  accordance   with  the 


third    section    of   that    act,    the    legislative    as- 
sembly of  Porto   Rico,    having;  put  into   oper- 
ation  a  system   of  local   taxation  to  meet  the 
necessities  of  government.   President  McKinley 
on    the    25th    of    July,    1901 — the    anniversary 
of    the    landing    of    American    troops    on    the 
island     in     1898— proclaimed     free     trade     be- 
tween   the   United    States    and   Porto   Rico. 
Government — Under  the   organic   act   of  March 
2,  1917,  the  legislative  power  in  Porto  Rico 
io  vested  in   a  legislature   consisting  of   two 
houses,    one   the    senate    and    the    other   the 
house    of   representatives.      The    senate    con- 
sists of  nineteen  members  elected  for   terms 
of    four   years    by    the    qualified   electors    of 
Porto    Rico.      The    house    of    representatives 
consists   of   thirty-nine    members    elected    for 
a  term  of  four  years  by  the  qualified  electors. 
The    members    of    the   senate    and   house   of 
representatives    receive   compensation   at    the 
rate  of  $7  per  day  for  ninety  days  of  each 
session  and   $1    per  day   for  each  additional 
day  of   such  session  while  in  session.      Reg- 
ular sessions  of   the  legislature  are  held  bi- 
ennially, convening  on  the  second  Monday  in 
February.   The  governor  is  Arthur  Yager  and 
the    resident    commissioner    in    the    United 
States  is  Felix  Cordova  Davila. 
Area  and  Population — The  area  of  Porto  Rico 
is    3,435    square    miles    and    the    population 
in   1910   was   1,118,012.   of  which   65.5  per 
cent    was    white,    30    per    cent    mulatto    and 
4.5  per  cent  black.     In  1918  the  population 
was     estimated     at     1,246,361.       The     cities 
having     more     than     5,000     inhabitants     in 
1910  were:     San  Juan,   48,716;   Ponce,   35,- 
005:     Mayaguez,     16.563;     Arecibo.     9.612: 
Aguadilla,     6,125;     Yauco,     6,589;     Caguas, 
10,354;    Guayama,    8,321. 

Commerce— For  the  year  ended  June  30.  1919. 
the  total  domestic  exports  from  Porto  Rico 
to  the  United  States  were  $71.015,351,  and 
imports  from  the  United  States  amounted 
to  $57,898,085.  The  leading  articles  of 
export  are  coffee,  oranges,  brown  sug-ar 
and  tobacco.  

TERRITORY    OF    ALASKA. 

Purchased  from    Russia  in  March,    1867. 

Organized  as  a  noncontiguous  possession  July 
27.  1868. 

Made  a  civil  and  judicial  district  June  6,  1900. 

Organized  as  territory  of  Alaska  by  -act  of 
Aug.  24.  1912. 

Capital — Juneau. 

Governor — Thomas   Riggs,    Jr. 

Secretary— William    L.    Distin. 

Treasurer — W.   G.    Smith. 

Area  and  Population— Area,  590,884  square 
miles  (land  and  water)  ;  population  in  1910, 
64,356,  of  whom  25.331  were  Indians;  es- 
timated total  population  in  1918,  64,984. 

Legislature— Senate  has  eight  members,  or  two 
from  each  judicial  district;  house  has  six- 
teen members,  or  four  from  each  judicial 
district;  term  of  senators,  four  years;  term 
of  representatives,  two  years;  compensa- 
tion paid  by  government,  $15  a  day  to 
each  member  during  attendance  at  sessions 
and  mileage  at  the  rate  9f  15  cents  a 
mile;  sessions  biennial,  beginning  on  first 
Monday  in  March  of  odd  numbered  years: 
limit  of  regular  sessions,  sixty  days,  and 
of  special  sessions,  fifteen  days;  delegate 
to  congress  elected  on  Tuesday  following 
first  Monday  of  November,  every  second 
year,  beginning  with  1914. 

Commerce — The  total  value  of  the  shipments 
of  domestic  merchandise  from  the  mainland 
of  the  United  States  to  Alaska  in  the 
year  ended  June  30,  1919,  was  $35,544.- 
034.  The  principal  articles  were:  Bread- 
stuffs,  $1,222,094;  manufactures  of  cotton. 


792 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


f  1,348,783;  manufactures  of  iron  and  steel, 
12,985,921:  meat  and  dairy  products.  SV 
521,258:  wood  and  manufactures  of.  $2.522.- 
672:  mineral  oils,  $1,912,768.  Total  value 
of  shipment  of  domestic  merchandise  from 
Alaska  to  the  mainland,  $72,068.154.  The 
main  articles  were:  Copper  ore,  $4,238,811; 
canned  salmon.  $45.009,366;  other  fish. 
$6.193,877:  furs.  $2.367.492. 
Gold  Shipments  (1919)— From  Alaska  to  the 
mainland,  $8.623,924;  from  the  mainland 
to  Alaska.  $60,954.  The  total  gold  and 
silver  shipments,  inducting  foreign,  to  the 
United  States  were  $9,308.110. 

TERRITORY  OF   HAWAII. 

Annexed  to  United  States  July  7,  1898. 

Created    a   territory   June    14.    1900. 

Governor — Charles   J.    McCarthy. 

Population— According-  to  the  federal  census 
of  1910  the  total  population  of  the  terri- 
tory was  191.909.  In  1918  it  was  esti- 
mated at  223.099.  The  only  large  city  is 
Honolulu,  which  in  1918  had  an  estimated 
population  of  75,000. 

Commerce  with  the  United  States— The  total 
value  of  the  shipments  of  domestic  mer- 
chandise from  Hawaii  to  the  United  States 
for  the  twelve  months  ended  June  30,  1919, 
was  $93.018.404.  Brown  sugar  was  the 
principal  item,  amountinir  to  1.178.394,766 
pounds,  valued  at  $72.231,738.  The  other 
articles  of  importance  were:  Fruits  and 
nuts,  $12,127.024.  The  total  value  of  the 
shipments  of  domestic  merchandise  from  the 
United  States  to  Hawaii  was  $43.572.794. 
The  principal  articles  were:  Iron,  steel  and 
machinery.  $7.718.463;  oils.  $4.924.612: 


breadstuffs.  $3,774.226;  lumber  and  manu- 
factures of  wood,  $2.901.406:  meat  and 
dairy  products,  $1,891,052:  cotton  groods. 
$1,790.103.  

AMERICAN    SAMOA. 

Acquired  by  the  United  States  January.   1900. 
Area,  including-  Manua  and  several  other  small 

islands.    77    square  miles. 
Population,    about  7.550. 
Merchandise    shipped    from    the   United    States 

(1919)    to  Samoa.   $133.115. 
Pagopago  harbor  acquired  by  United  States  in 

1872. 
Governor— Commander  Warren  Terhune.  U.S.N. 

GUAM. 

Ceded  to  the  United  States  by  Spain  Dec.  10. 

1898. 

Area.   210   square   miles. 
Population,  about  12.250. 
Merchandise      shipped      from      United      States 

(1919)    $271.000. 
First   American   Governor — Capt.   R.   P.   Leary. 

U.  S.  N. 
Governor    (1918)— Capt.   W.  W.  Gilmer,  U.S.N. 

PANAMA    CANAL    ZONE. 

Acquired  by  the  United  States  Feb.  26.  1904. 
Area,  474  square  miles. 
Population    (June.    1918),    21.767. 
Governor— Chester    Harding. 

VIRGIN  ISLANDS. 

Acquired  by  the  United  States  March  3,  1917. 
Area.  142  square  miles. 
Population    (1918).    32.000. 
Governor — Capt.  R.   W.    White.   U.  S.  N. 


PRINCE     OF     WALES     IN    AMERICA. 


Edward  Albert,  prince  of  Wales,  made 
an  extended  tour  of  Canada  in  1919.  visiting 
all  the  principal  cities  of  the  dominion  from 
the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  He  was  heartily 
welcomed  everywhere  and  made  a  favorable 
impression  by  his  democratic  manners  and 
tactful  speeches.  He  left  Portsmouth.  Eng- 
land, Aug.  6.  on  the  battle  cruiser  Renown 
and  arrived  at  St.  John's,  N.  F..  Aug.  11. 
After  a  stay  of  about  a  week  there  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Halifax.  N.  S.,  and  thence  to  Que- 
bec, Ottawa,  Montreal.  Toronto,  Winnipeg, 
Vancouver  and  other  places,  devoting  some  of 
his  time  between  official  retentions  and  en- 
tertainments to  hunting  and  fishing. 

On  Monday  evening-,  Nov.  10.  the  prince  and 
his  suite  crossed  into  the  United  States  at 
Rouses  Point,  N.  Y..  and  on  the  following  day 
reached  Washington,  D.  C.  They  were  wel- 
comed at  the  frontier  by  Secretary  of  State 
Lansing  and  in  Washing-ton  by  Vice-President 
Marshall  on  behalf  of  President  Wilson,  who 
was  confined  to  his  bed  by  illness.  On  arriv- 
ing in  the  capital  Nov.  11  the  prince  called 
at  the  white  house  and  in  the  evf  nir.g-  he  was 
entertained  at  a  dinner  given  by  the  vice- 
president  at  which  many  diplomats,  ju^g^s, 
congressmen  and  other  distinguished  guests 


were  present.  Later  he  was  the  guest  of  the 
National  Press  club,  at  which  he  made  a  brief 
speech. 

Wednesday  evening  the  prince  met  the  mem- 
bers of  congress  and  their  wives,  members  of 
the  cabinet  and  the  diplomatic  corps  in  the 
hall  of  the  library  of  congress.  In  tbe  re- 
ceiving line  were  Vice-President  Marshall,  Mrs. 
Robert  Lansing  and  Viscount  Grey,  the  British 
ambassador.  In  the  course  of  the  day  he  was 
entertained  at  an  informal  dinner  by  Secre- 
tary Lansing.  He  visited  the  Walter  Reed 
military  hospital  and  the  Lincoln  memorial 
and  called  on  Mrs.  Dewey,  widow  of  Admiral 
George  Dewey. 

On  Thursday,  Nov.  13.  the  prince  went  to 
Mount  Vernon  where  he  laid  a  wreath'  on 
the  tomb  of  Washing-ton  and  panted  a  young- 
cedar  near  it.  Returning  to  Washington  he 
took  tea  with  Mrs.  Wilson  and  had  a  visit 
with  the  president  in  his  sick  room.  In  the 
course  of  the  day  he  decorated  eig-hty  officers 
and  men  of  the  United  States  army  and  navy 
and  seven  nurses.  On  the  following  day  he 
visited  the  naval  academy  at  Annapolis  and 
left  for  a  three  day  visit  to  a  southern  resort, 
whence  he  returned  to  New  York,  concluding 
his  American  visit. 


ARMY-NAVY    BALLOON    RACE. 


In  an  army-navy  balloon  race,  which  started 
at  St.  Louis.  Sept.  26,  1919,  with  five  con- 
testants, Capt.  E.  Paul  Phillips  of  the  army 
was  the  winner  with  a  distance  of  491.8  miles. 
With  Lieut.  Byron  T.  Burt  as  aid  he  piloted 
a  Langley  field  (Va.)  entry  and  landed  in 
Lake  Michigan  some  twenty  miles  out  from 
Marinette,  Mich.  Second  place  was  awarded 
to  Lieut.  R.  Emerson  and  Ensign  F.  L.  Slo- 


man  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  who  brought  a 
naval  balloon  to  a  point  two  miles  northwest 
of  Stittsvi'le,  Mich..  485.4  miles  from  the 
starting  point.  Third  place  was  awarded  to 
Ensign  J.  H.  Stevens  and  Lieut.  W.  R.  Reed 
of  the  United  Stnt?s  naval  station.  Pensacola. 
Fla..  with  a  distance  of  479  miles,  measured 
from  the  landing  place  on  Lake  Michigan,  four 
miles  northwest  of  Menomonie.  Wis. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


793 


IN  CHICAGO.  ILL. 
Serious  clashes  between  ^e  white  and  col- 


Neb      and 


Ark 


Chicago  the  trou- 


POWhne10there  had  been  some  »}nor  coUl-lonj 


RACE   RIOTS   OF    1919. 

gardless  of  color,  were  suggested  as  remedies. 
In  a  sworn  statement  the  coroner  fixed  the 
number  of  race  riot  deaths  at  thirty-eight — 
fifteen  white  and  twenty-three  colored  persons. 
The  testimony  of  450  witnesses  was  taken, 
-esulting  in  the  holding  of  twenty  men  to  the 
grand  jury  on  charges  of  murder  and  man- 
slaughter. The  coroner's  jury  branded  the 
riots  as  "the  pastime  of  hoodlums,"  pointing 
out  that  most  of  the  victims  of  both  races 
were  robbed. 

Damage  suits  arising  out  of  the  riots  were 
filed  in  large  numbers  against  the  city,  the 
total  amount  reaching  about  81.000.000. 

On  Aug.  20  Gov.  Lowden  announced  the 
membership  of  a  committee  of  representative 
men  of  both  races  to  investigate  the  relation- 
ship between  the  races.  "This,"  he  said,  "is 
a  tribunal  constituted  to  get  the  facts,  inter- 
pret them  and  find  a  way  out."  The  men 
chosen  were: 
Fulius  Rosenwald. 
Victor  F.  Lawson. 


diarism.      The    police    were   unable   to   master 


bers    of    the   national   guard   < 

SKA  war  in  Europe  also  assisted  the 


in 


ated  with   the  police   and  did  effective 
While   disorder    continued    in    spots  .for    some 
time,   the  riotous  elements  were  a™ckly  sub- 


the  disturbances  hundreds 


t  riXts,  race  sedation  by  agree 
ment  and  quick  punishment  of  the  guilty,  rt 


Edward  H.  Morris. 

_. ...  Robert  S.  Abbott. 

Edward  Osgood  Brown. Adalbert  H.  Roberts, 
Harry  Eugene  Kelly.       George  H.  Jackson. 
William  Scott  Bond.        Dr.  L.  K.  Williams. 
Dr.  Cleveland  Hall. 

The  committee  took  measures  to  investigate 
the  situation  with  scientific  thoroughness  and 
to  report  such  remedies  as  it  should  deem 
most  practicable  in  preventing  similar  riots  in 
the  future. 

IN  OMAHA.  NEB. 

In  Omaha,  Neb.,  on  Sept.  28  a  mob  set  fire 
to  the  courthouse,  nearly  killed  Mayor  E.  P. 
Smith  and  lynched  William  Brown,  a  negro 
accused  of  an  attack  on  a  white  girl.  In  a 
battle  lasting  nine  hours  hundreds  of  shots 
were  fired  and  a  large  number  of  persons  were 
more  or  less  seriously  hurt.  One  man  named 
H.  J.  Hykell  died  Sept.  30  from  a  bullet  wound 
received  during  the  rioting.  Louis  Young, 
aged  17.  was  shot  and  killed  by  the  police 
while  trying  to  enter  the  courthouse  during- 
the  rioting.  Federal  troops  were  rushed  to 
Omaha  from  various  points  and  the  soldiers, 
under  the  command  of  Maj.-Gen.  Leonard 
Wood,  who  arrived  on  the  30th.  quickly  re- 
stored order. 

IN  WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 

Race  riots  broke  out  in  Washington.  D.  C.. 
July  21.  1919,  and  continued  through  the  fol- 
lowing day.  when  the  presence  of  a  strong' 
force  of  troops  quelled  the  disturbance.  Five 
men  were  killed  and  many  injured.  The  causa 
of  the  disorder  was  said  to  be  attacks  on 
white  women  by  negroes. 

IN  ELAINE,  ARK. 

The  killing  of  W.  D.  Adkins,  a  railroad  spe- 
cial agent,  at  Elaine.  Ark..  Sept.  30.  led  to  a 
conflict  between  negroes  and  whites  on  Oct. 
1  and  2.  1919,  resulting  in  the  death  of  eleven 
negroes  and  four  or  five  white  men.  It  was 
reported  that  the  negroes  in  the  vicinity  had 
been  led  to  believe  that  they  could  carry  out 
a  successful  rising  against  the  whites  and  that 
their  efforts  in  this  direction  led  to  the 
killings. 


PRESIDENT    WILSON'S    ILLNESS. 


President  Wilson,  after  having  nearly  com- 
pleted a  speaking  tour  of  a  large  Part  of  the 
United  States  in  favor  of  the  ratification  of 
the  peace  treaty  with  Germany,  including  the 
league  of  nations,  broke  down  from  the  strain 
of  many  months  of  arduous  work  and  when 
he  returned  to  Washington  Sept.  28,  1919.  .he 
was  in  a  critical  condition.  He  was  suffering 
from  an  acute  attack  of  nervous  prostration 
and  his  physician,  Rear-Admiral  Cary  T.  Gray- 
son  ordered  him  to  bed  and  refund  to  allow 
business  of  any  kind  to  be  called  to  his  atten- 


tion. Dr.  F.  X.  Dercum  of  Philadelphia,  a 
neurologist,  and  other  specialists  w«r<?  called 
in  from  time  to  time  for  consultation.  Re- 
covery was  slow  and  it  was  not  until  the  first 
part  of  November  that  the  bulletins  on  his 
condition  ceased  to  be  issued  and  he  was  per- 
mitted to  sign  bills  and  attend  to  o'her  prpss- 
insr  duties.  He  was  still  confined  to  Irs  bed 
but  was  able  to  see  a  few  victors  including 
Albert,  king  of  the  Belgians,  and  the  prince  of 
Wales. 


794 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


NATIONAL    NOMINATING    CONVENTIONS    SINCE    1880. 


Place  and  date  of  each  and  names  of  nom- 
inees for  president  and  vice-president  in  the 
order  named: 

1880 — Democratic:     Cincinnati,     O.,     June     22-24- 

Winfield  S.   Hancock  and  William  H.  English. 

Republican:   Chicago,    111.,   June   2-8;   James   A. 

Garfleld  and  Chester  A.   Arthur. 
Greenback:   Chicago,   111.,  June  9-11;  James  B. 

Weaver  and  B.  J.  Chambers. 
Prohibition:  Cleveland,  O.,  June  17;  Neal  Dow 

and  A.  M.  Thompson. 
1884— Democratic:  Chicago,  111.,  July  8-11;  Grover 

Cleveland  and  Thomas  A.  Hendricks. 
Republican:   Chicago,   111.,   June  3-6;  James   G. 

Blaine  and  John  A.  Logan. 
Greenback:  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  May  28-29;  Ben 

jamin  P.  Butler  and  Alanson  M.  West. 
American   Prohibition:    Chicago,    111.,    June  19; 

Samuel  C.   Pomeroy  and  John  A.   Conant. 
National  Prohibition:  Pittsburgh.  Pa.,   July  23; 

John  P.   St.  John  and   William  Daniel. 
Anti-Monopoly:    Chicago,    111.,    May   14;    Benja 

min  P.  Butler  and  Alanson  M.  West. 
Equal   Rights:    San    Francisco.    Cal.,    Sept.    20; 
Mrs.   Belva  A.  Lockwood  and  Mrs.  M.  L.  Stow 
1888— Democratic:  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  June  5;  Grover 

Cleveland  and  Allen  G.  Thurman. 
Republican:    Chicago,    111..    June   19;   Benjamin 

Harrison  and  Levi  P.  Morton. 
Prohibition:  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  May  20;  Clinton 

B.  Fisk  and  John  A.   Brooks. 
Union  Labor:  Cincinnati,  O.,  May  15;  Alson  J. 

Streeter  and  Samuel  Evans. 
United  Labor:   Cincinnati,    O.,  May  15:   Robert 

H.  Oowdrey  and  W.  H.  T.  Wakefleld. 
American:  Washington,  D.  C.,  Aug.  14;  James 

L.  Curtis  and  James  R.  Greer. 
Equal  Rights:  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  May  15;  Mrs. 

Belva  A.  Lockwood  and  Alfred  H.  Love. 
1892— Democratic:   Chicago,   111.,   June  21:   Grover 

Cleveland  and  Adlai  E.   Stevenson. 
Republican:     Minneapolis,     Minn.:     June     7-10: 

Benjamin  Harrison  and  Whitelaw  Reid. 
Prohibition:  Cincinnati,  O..  June  29;  John  Bid- 
well  and  J.  B.  Cranflll. 
National    People's:     Omaha,     Neb.,     July    2-5; 

James  B.  Weaver  and  James  G.  Field. 
Socialist-Labor:    New    York,    N.    Y.,    Aug.    28; 

Simon  Wing  and  Charles  H.  Matchett. 
1896— Democratic:   Chicago,  111.,  July  7;  William 

J.   Bryan   and   Arthur   Sewall. 
Republican:    St.   Louis,    Mo.,   June  16;   William 

McKinlev  and  Garret.  A.   Hobart. 
People's  Party;   St.   Louis,   Mo.,  July  22;  Wil- 
liam J.   Bryan  and  Thomas   E.  Watson. 
Silver  Party:  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  July  22;  William 

J.  Bryan  and  Arthur  Sewall. 
National  Democratic:   Indianapolis,   Ind.,   Sept. 

2;  John  M.  Palmer  and  Simon  B.   Buckner. 
Prohibition:    Pittsburgh,    Pa.,    May   27;    Joshua 

Levering  and  Hale  Johnson. 

National     Party:     Pittsburgh,     Pa.,     May     28; 

Charles  E.  Bentley  and  James  H.  Southgate. 

Socialist-Labor:     New    York,     N.     Y.,    July    6; 

Charles  H.  Matchett  and  Matthew  Maguire. 
1900— Democratic:    Kansas    City.    Mo.,    July    4-6; 

William  J.   Bryan  and  Adlai  E.  Stevenson. 
Republican:   Philadelphia.   Pa..  June  19-21;  Wil- 
liam McKinley  and  Theodore  Roosevelt. 
People's   Party:   Sioux   Falls,    S.    D..    May   9-10; 

William  J.  Bryan  and   Adlai   E.   Stevenson. 
People's     Party  *  (Middle-of-the-Road):     Cincin- 
nati,  O.,   May  9-10;   Wharton  Barker  and  Ig- 
natius Donnelly. 

Silver  Republican:  Kansas  City,   Mo..  July  4-6; 
William  J.  Bryan  and  Adlai  E.   Stevenson. 


Prohibition:   Chicago,   111.,   June  27-28-  John  G 

Woolley  and   Henry  B.   Metcalf 
Socialist-Labor:    New    York,    N.    Y.,    June   2-8- 
Joseph  P.  Malloney  and  Valentine  Remmel    ' 
bocial  Democratic  Party  of  the  United  States; 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  27;  Job  Harriman  and 
Max  S.   Hayes. 

Social  Democratic  Party  of  America:  Indianap- 
olis, Ind.,  March  6;  Eugene  V.  Debs  and  Job 
Harriman. 
Union   Reform:    Baltimore,    Md.,    Sept.   3;   Seth 

W.  Ellis  and  Samuel  T.  Nicholson. 
1904— Democratic:  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  July  6-9;  Alton 

B.   Parker  and  Henry  G.  Davis. 
Republican:  Chicago,   111.,  June  21-23;  Theodore 

Roosevelt  and  Charles  W.  Fairbanks 
People's     Party:     Springfield,     111.,     July     4-6-; 
Thomas   E.   Watson  and  Thomas  H.   Tibbies. 
Prohibition:   Indianapolis,  Ind.,  June  29- July  1- 

Silas  C.   Swallow  and  George  W.  Carroll. 
Socialist-Labor:    New    York,    N.    Y.,    July    3-9; 

Charles  H.   Corregan  and  William  W.   Cox. 
Socialist-Democratic    Party    of    America:    Chi- 
cago, 111.,  May  1-6;  Eugene  V.  Debs  and  Ben- 
jamin Hanford. 

Continental:  Chicago,  111.,  Aug.  31;  Charles  H. 

Howard   and   George    H.    Shibley.     (Nominees 

declined    and    Austin    Holcomb    and    A.    King 

were  substituted  by  the  national  committee.) 

1908— Republican:    Chicago,    June    16-19;    William 

H.  Taft  and  James  S.  Sherman. 
Democratic:     Denver,     July    7-10;     William    J. 

Bryan  and  John  W.   Kern. 
Socialist:  Chicago,   May  10-18;  Eugene  V.  Debs 

and   Benjamin   Hanford. 
Prohibition:   Columbus,   O.,   July  15-16;   Eugene 

W.  Chafln  and  Aaron  S.  Watkins. 
Independence:    Chicago,    July   27-28;   Thomas  L. 

Hisgen  and  John   Temple  Graves. 
People's:  St.  Louis,  April  2-3;  Thomas  E.  Wat- 
son and  Samuel  W.   Williams. 
United   Christian:    Rock    Island,    111.,    May    1; 

Daniel  Braxton  Turney  and  S.  P.  Carter. 
Socialist-Labor:  New  York,  July  2-5:  Martin  R. 
Preston  and  Donald  L.  Munro.     (Preston  de- 
clined and  August  Gillhaus  was  named  in  his 
place.) 

1912 — Democratic:     Baltimore,     June     25- July     3: 
Woodrow  Wilson  and  Thomas  Riley  Marshall. 
Republican:  Chicago,  June  18-22;  William  How- 
ard Taft  and  James  Schr^lcraft  Sherman. 
Progressive:      Chicago,      Aug.      5-7;      Theodore 

Roosevelt   and    Hiram   W.   Johnson. 
Socialist:    Indianapolis,    May   12-18;    Eugene   V. 

Debs  and  Emil  Seidel. 
Prohibition:   Atlantic  City,   July  10-12;   Eugene 

W.   Chafln  and  Aaron  S.  "Watkins. 
Socialist-Labor:   New   York,    April  7-10;   Arthur 

Reimer  and  August  Gillhaus. 
Populist:    St.   Louis,   Aug.    13;    no  nominations 

made. 
1916 — Republican:   Chicago,   June  7-10;  Charles  E. 

Hughes  and  Charles  W.   Fairbanks. 
Progressive:      Chicago,      June     7-10;      Theodore 
Roosevelt  and  John  M.  Parker;  Roosevelt  de- 
clined and  party  decided  to  support  Hughea. 
Democratip:    St.    Louis,    June    14-16;    Woodrow 

Wilson    and   Thomas   R.    Marshall. 
Prohibition:    St.    Paul,    Minn.,    July    19-21;    J. 

Frank   Hanly   and   Ira   D.    Landrith. 
Socialist:    No   convention   held;    Allan   L.    Ben- 
son and  George  R.   Kirkpatrick  nominated  by 
mail  primary  Jan.   10-March  11. 
Socialist-Labor:  New  York,  N.  Y.,  April  29-May 
3 ;  Arthur  E.   Reimer  and  Caleb  Harrison. 


ORDER    OF    PRESIDENTIAL    SUCCESSION. 


In  case  of  the  removal,  death,  resignation  or 
disability  of  both  the  president  and  vice-presi- 
lent,  then  the  secretary  of  state  shall  act  as 
president  until  the  disability  of  the  president 
Dr  vice-president  is  removed  or  a  president  is 
Elected.  The  rest  of  the  order  of  succession 
la:  Secretary  of  the  treasury,  secretary  of 


war,  attorney-general,  postmaster-general,  sec- 
retary of  the  navy,  secretary  of  the  interior, 
secretary  of  agriculture  and  secretary  of  com- 
merce. The  acting  president,  in  case  congress 
is  not  in  session,  must  call  a  special  session, 
giving  twenty  days'  notice. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


795 


NATIONAL   POLITICAL    COMMITTEES    (1916-1920). 


REPUBLICAN. 

Headquarters — 923    Woodward  building-,   Wash- 
ington.  D.   C. 

Chairman — Will  H.  Hays.  Indiana. 
Vice-Chairman—John  T.  Adams.  Iowa. 
Secretary— James      B.       Reynolds,      Woodward 

building-,   Washington,  D.   C. 
Treasurers-Fred  W.   Upham,    Illinois. 
Eastern  Treasurer — Reeve   Schley,    New  York. 
Sergeant-at-Arms— E.    P.    Thayer,   Indiana. 

Alabama— Oliver   D.    Street Guntersville 

Alaska— Cornelius   S.   Murane Juneau 

Arizona — Allan    B.    Jaynes Tucson 

Arkansas— H.  L.   Remmel Little  Rock 

California— William  H.   Crocker.. San  Francisco 

Colorado— Hubert    Work Pueblo 

Connecticut — John  T.  King- Bridgeport 

Delaware — Coleman  du  Pont Wilmington 

Dist.  ol  Columbia— E.  F.  Colladay.. Washington 

Florida— George  W.  Bean   Tampa 

Georgia — Henry   S.    Jackson Atlanta 

Hawaii— R.  W.  Shingle Honolulu 

Idaho — John  W.  Ha^t Rigby 

Illinois— William    Hale    Thompson Chicago 

Indiana — James   A.    Hemenway Boonville 

Iowa — John  T.  Adams Dubuaue 

Kansas— Fred    Stanley    Wichita 

Kentucky — A.   T.   Hert    Louisville 

Louisiana — Emile  Kuntz New  Orleans 

Maine — Alfred   J.    Sweet Auburn 

Maryland— William  P.  Jackson Salisbury 

Massachusetts— William  Tlurray  Crane... Dalton 

Michigan — Charles   B.   Warren    Detroit 

Minnesota— Frank    B.    Kellogg- St.    Paul 

Mississippi— M.  J.   Mulvihill Vicksburg 

Missouri— Jacob   L.    Babler St.   Louis 

Montana— Thomas   A.    Marlow Helena 

Nebraska— R.    B.    Howell Omaha 

Nevada — Herbert  G.   Humphreys Reno 

New  Hampshire— Fred  W.  Estabrook.... Nashua 

New   Jersey— Hamilton   F.  Kean Elizabeth 

New    Mexico — Holm    O.    Bursum Socorro 

New   York — Herbert  Parsons New  York 

North  Carolina — John  M.  Morehead... Charlotte 

North  Dakota— Gunder  Olson Graf  ton 

Ohio— Rudolph  K.  Hynicka Cincinnati 

Oklahoma— James  J.  McGraw Ponca  City 

Oregon— Ralph    E.    Williams Portland 

Pennsylvania— Boies    Penrose Philadelphia 

Philippines— Henry   B.   McCoy Manila 

Porto  Rico — R.  H.  Todd San  Juan 

Rhode  Island— Frederick   S.  Peck.... Providence 
South  Carolina — Joseph  W.  Tolbert.. Greenwood 

South   Dakota— Willis    C.   Cook Sioux   Falls 

Tennessee— Jesse  M.  Littleton Chattanooga 

Texas— H.    F.    MacGregor Houston 

Utah — Reed    Smoot    Provo 

Vermont— Earle   S.   Kinsley    Rutland 

Virginia — C.  Bascom  Slemp Big  Stone  Gap 

Washington— Samuel  A.  Perkins Tacoma 

West   Virginia— Virgil  L.   Highland.. Clarksburg 

Wisconsin— Alfred  T.  Rogers Madison 

Wyoming-— Patrick    Sullivan Casper 

Chairmen   of  State  Committees    (1919). 

Alabama — Pope    M.    Long Cordova 

Arizona — Albert  M.  Sames Douglas 

Arkansas— A.  C.  Remmel   Little  Rock 

California — Raymond    Benjamin.. San    Francisco 

Colorado — Rush  L.  Holland Colorado  Springs 

Connecticut — J.   Henry   Roraback Canaan 

Delaware — Daniel  J.   Lay  ton.    Jr Georgetown 

Dist.   of  Columbia— W.  T.   Galliher. Washington 

Florida— Daniel    T.     Gerow Jacksonville 

Georgia— Roscoe     Pickett Jasper 

Idaho — John    Thomas Gooding- 

Illinois— Frank    L.    Smith Dwight 

Indiana— Edmund   M.    Wasmuth Huntington 

Iowa— Charles  A.  Rawson Des  Moines 

Kansas— H.  H.  Motter Olathe 

Kentucky— E.  T.  Franks Owensboro 

Louisiana— D.  A.  Lines New  Orleans 

Maine— Frank  J.  Ham  Augusta 


Maryland— Galen    L.    Tait Baltimore 

Massachusetts— Frank  B.  Hall  Worcester 

Michigan— Burt  D.  Cady   Port  Huron 

Minnesota — Gustav  Lindquist    St.  Paul 

Mississippi —  (Vacancy ) 

Missouri— W.  L.   Cole Union 

Montana— John  A.  Tressler  Malta 

Nebraska— Robert  W.  Devoe Lincoln 

Nevada — Herbert     G.     Humphreys Reno 

New   Hampshire— Dwight   Hall Dover 

New  Jersey— Edward  C.  Stokes Trenton 

New  Mexico — George  R.  Craig Albuquerque 

New  York—George  A.  Glynn....New  York  city 

North  Carolina — Frank  A.  Linney Boone 

North   Dakota— William    Lemke Fargo 

Ohio— N.    H.    Fairbanks Springfield 

Oklahoma — Vernon   Whiting Pawhuska 

Oregon — Thomas  Tongue,  Jr Hillsboro 

Pennsylvania — William  E.  Crow Uniontown 

Philippines— Thomas  L.    Hartigan Manila 

Porto   Rico— Manuel  F.  Rossy San  Juan 

Rhode  Island — Jos.  P.  Burlingame... Providence 
South  Carolina — Joseph  P.  Tolbert.. Greenwood 

South   Dakota— W.    H.   King Mitchell 

Tennessee— H.  H.  Clements Knoxville 

Texas— Phil  E.  Baer Paris 

Utah— Henry  Welsh  Salt  Lake  City 

Vermont— E.   J.   Piddock Bellows  Falls 

Virginia— Joseph   L.    Crupper Alexandria 

Washington— S.    A.    Walker Seattle 

West  Virginia — W.  E.  Baker Elkins 

Wisconsin— George    A.    West Milwaukee 

Wyoming— T.    Blake    Kennedy Cheyenne 


DEMOCRATIC. 
Permanent     headquarters — 425-441     Woodward 

building-,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Chairman — Homer   S.   Cummingrs,   Connecticut. 
Vice-Chairmen — J.  Bruce  Kremer.  Montana,  and 

Samuel  B.  Amidon.  Kansas. 
Secretary — -E.    G.   Hoffman,    Indiana. 
Treasurer— Wilbur   W.    Marsh,    Iowa. 

Alabama— A.  G.  Patterson Albany 

Arizona — Fred    T.     Colter Colter 

Arkansas— Wallace  Davis  Little  Rock 

California— Isidore  B.  Dockweiler.  .Los  Angeles 

Colorado— John  T.  Barnett .Denver 

Connecticut — Homer  S.  Cummings Stamford 

Delaware — Willard  Saulsbury  Wilmington 

Florida— J.    T.    G.    Crawford Jacksonville 

Georgia— Clark  Howell  Atlanta 

Idaho— R.  H.  Elder Cosur  d'Alene 

Illinois Charles    Boeschenstein Edwardsville 

Indiana— E.  G.  Hoffman Fort  Wayne 

Iowa— W.    W.   Marsh Waterloo 

Kansas — Samuel    B.    Amidon Wichita 

Kentucky— William    B.    Haldeman Louisville 

Louisiana— A.   B.   Pujo Lake   Charles 

Maine— Daniel  J.  McGillicuddy Lewiston 

Maryland— John  W.  Smith Snow  Hill 

Massachusetts— John  W.  Coughlin...Fall  River 

Michigan— W.    F.    Connolly Detroit 

Minnesota— Frederick   B.  Lynch St.   Paul 

Mississippi— J.    M.    McBeath Meridian 

Missouri— E.  F.  Goltra St.  Louis 

Montana—J.    Bruce   Kremer Butte 

Nebraska— A.  F.   Mullen Omaha 

Nevada— James  L.  McCarthy Goldfield 

New   Hampshire— R.   C.   Murchie Concord 

New   Jersey— Robert   S.   Hudspeth... Jersey  City 

New  Mexico— A.  A.  Jones Las  Vegas 

New    York— Norman   E.   Mack Buffalo 

North   Carolina— A.  W.   McLean Lumberton 

North  Dakota— H.  H.  Perry Ellendale 

Ohio— E.    H.    Moore Youngstown 

Oklahoma— Thomas   Wade    Marlow 

Oregon — J.  W.  Morrow Portland 

Pennsylvania— A.    Mitchell   Palmer. Stroudsburg 

Rhode  Island— Patrick  H.  Quinn Providence 

South  Carolina— John  G.  Evans Spartanburg 

South    Dakota — James    Mee Centerville 

Tennessee— Cordell    Hull    Carthage 


796 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


Texas—  ( Vacancy.) 

Utah— James    H.    Moyle Salt   Lake    City 

Vermont— James    E.    Kennedy Williston 

Virginia— Carter    Glass    Lynchburg 

Washington— A.  R.  Titlcw  Tacoma 

West  Virginia— John  T.  McGraw Graf  ton 

Wisconsin— Joseph    Martin Green    Bay 

Wyoming-— John  E.   Osborne Rawlirs 

Alaska— T.    J.    Donahue Valdez 

Dist.  of  Columbia— J.  F.  Costello... Washington 

Hawaii— John    H.    Wilson Honolulu 

Philippines— Robert  E.  Manley....Naga,  Ambos 
Porto  Rico— Andres  B.  Grosas San  Juan 

Secretaries    of    State    Central    Committees. 

Alabama— Ira  Champion  Montgomery 

Arizona— T.  M.   Drennan Phoenix 

Arkansas— C.    C.    Calvert Fort    Smith 

California— George  F.   Welch San  Francisco 

Colorado — G.   B.  McFall Denver 

Connecticut— Alexander  S.   Lynch.. West  Haven 

Delaware— James    Lord Dover 

Florida— J.    C.    Sale Bronson 

Georgia— Hiram   L.    Gardner ...Eatonton 

Idaho — G.  W.  Suppiger Moscow 

Illinois— Isaac    B.    Craig: Mat  toon 

Indiana — A.  C.  Sallee Indianapolis 

Iowa— W.  I.   Branagan Emmetsburg 

Kansas— Albert    Jones    Topeka 

Kentucky— S.   R.    Glenn Louisville 

Ixmisiana — A.   W.   Newlin New   Orleans 

Maine— James  B.  Perkins Boothbay  Harbor 

Maryland— Albert   J.   Almoney Rockville 

Massachusetts— Frederic  Tudor. .  .Bui-~ar<ls  Bay 

Michigan— A.    R.    Canfield ^lare 

Minnesota— John  A.    Pearson St.    ^'aul 

Mississippi-Joseph  E.  Norwood Magnolia 

Missouri— J.    L.    Shepherd Reger 

Montana— Guy   LaFollette Helena 

Nebraska— Clinton    J.    Campbell Lincoln 

Nevada— William  McKnight Carson  City 

New   Hampshire— C.   J.    Be- anger Mar.ches:er 

2*ew  Jersey— William  L.  Dill Paterson 

:New    Mexico— Miss    Peggy    Taron 

(acting)     Santa    Fe 

Hew  York— George  R.  Vannamee Watertown 

Uorth  Carolina— H.  P.  Whitehurst...New  Bern 

North  Dakota— H.   L.   Halverson Minot 

Ohio — John    R.    Cassidy Columbus 

Oklahoma — George    L.    Bowman Kingfisher 

Oregon— Lillian    Hackleman Portland 

Pennsylvania— Warren    Van    Dyke.  ..Harrisburg 

Rhode  Island— John  J.  Barry Central  Falls 

South    Carolina— Willie    Jones Co'umbus 

South  Dakota — Dr.  J.   E.  McNames.  .  .  .Canova 

Tennessee— J.  D.  Jacobs Murfreesboro 

Texas— A.   S.   Moody Houston 


Utah— R.    B.   Thurman Salt  Lake    City 

Vermont— Geo.  R.  Stackpole Winooski 

Virginia— J.  N.   Brenaman Richmond 

Washington — George   S.   Canfield Spokane 

West  Virginia — Stuart  H.  Bowman.. Huntington 
Wisconsin— Joseph  S.  Giuduce.Schleisingerville 
Wyoming — Fred  L.  Thompson Cheyenne 

PROHIBITION. 

National  Executive  Committee, 

V.  G.  Hinshaw,  chairman,  Chicago.  111.;  W.  G. 
Calderwood,  vice  -  chairman.  Minneapolis, 
Minn.:  Mrs.  Frances  E.  Beauchamp,  secre- 
tary. Lexington,  Ky.;  H.  P.  Faris,  treasurer, 
Clinton,  Mo.:  Robert  H.  Patton,  Springfield. 
111.:  F.  C.  Hendrickson,  Cumberland.  Md.:  E. 
L.  G.  Hohenthal,  South  Manchester,  Conn.; 
Daniel  A.  Poling,  Boston,  Mass.;  Francis  E. 
Baldwin,  Elmira.  N.  Y. 

Headquarters— 336  West  Madison  street.  Chi- 
cago, 111.  

SOCIALIST. 

National  Headquarters — 220  South  Ashland 
boulevard.  Chicago,  111. 

National  Secretary— Otto  Branstetter. 
National  Executive  Committee. 

William  M.  Brandt,  940  Choteau  avenue,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

John  T.  Hagel,  P.  O.  box  77,  Oklahoma  City. 
Okla. 

William  H.  Henry.  41  Baldwin  block,  Indi- 
anapolis, Ind. 

Edmund  T.  Helms.  628  Chestnut  street.  Mil- 
waukee, Wis. 

James  O'Neal.  1127  Putnam  avenue.  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y. 

George  E.  Roewer.  Jr.,  14  Blake  street,  Bel- 
mont.  Mass. 

Oliver  C.  Wilson.  428  South  Claremont  avenue. 

Chicago,   111.  

COMMUNIST  PARTY. 

Headquarters— 1219  Blue  Island  avenue,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Executive    Secretary — C.    E.   Ruthenberg. 

International   Secretary — Louis  C.  Fraina. 

THE    LABOR    PARTY    OF    AMERICA. 

Headquarters— 166  West  Washington  street. 
Chicago,  111. 

President — Max  S.  Hayes.  Cleveland,   O. 

Secretary— Frank   J.   Esper.   Chicago,    111. 

Executive  Committee— Abraham  Lefkowitz. 
New  York,  N.  Y.;  M.  T.  Bennett.  Hartford. 
Conn.:  Charles  R.  Nuzum,  Kansas  City, 
Kas.:  William  E.  Rodriguez.  Robert  M.  Buck 
and  Alice  M.  Englert,  Chicago.  111. 


FAILURES  IN  THE  UNITED   STATES. 

[From  Dun's  Review.  New  York.] 


, 1st  Qutr. x 

Calendar  Fail-        Liabili- 

year.  ures.  ties. 

1900 2.894   $33,022,573 

1905 3,443      30,162.505 

1910...  .    3525     73,079,154 

1911 3,985      59,651.761 

1912 4.828      63.012.323 

1913 4.458      76,832,277 

1914 4.826      83.221,826 

1915 7.216   105.703.335 


1916 5.387 

1917 3.937 

1918 3,240 

1919 1.904 


«2d  Quar. N 

Liabili- 
ures.  ties. 

2.438   $41.724.879 
2,767      25.742,080 
39,160,152 
44,046,590 
44,999.900 
56.076.784 
3^518   101,577,905 
5,524      82,884.200 
49.748.675 
42.414.257 
38.013.262 
32.889,834 


, * 

Fail- 


2,863 
3.076 
3,849 
3,705 


61,492,746  4,108 
52,307.099  3.551 
49,195.300  2,589 
35,621,052  1,599 

, Total  for  year. x 

Calendar  Fail-  Liabili-         Ay.  Lia- 

y3ar.  ures.  ties.  bilities. 

1900 10,774   $138,495,673   $12,854 


, 3d  Quar. x 

Fail-  Liabili- 
ures.  ties. 
2.519  $27.119,996 
2,596  20.329,443 
42.177.998 
35.167,269 
45.532,137 
63.837.315 
86.818,291 
52.876,525 
43.345.286 
47.228,682 
35.181.462 
20.230,722 


3.011 
2,880 
3.499 
3.549 
4.497 
4.548 
3.755 
3.249 
2,180 
1,393 


th  Quar. , 

Liabili- 
ures.  ties. 

2,923  $36,628.225 
2.714  26,442,144 
47.339,793 
52,196.045 
49,573,031 
75,925.912 
85.990,838 
60.822,068 
41,625.549 
40,490,333 
40,044,955 


3.253 

3,500 
3,636 
4.325 
5.439 
4.868 
3,743 
3.118 
1.913 


1905 11.520 

1910 12,652 

1911 13.441 

1912 15.452 

1913...       .  16.037 


102,676.172 
201,757.097 
191.061.665 
203,117.391 
272.672.288 


8.913 
15.947 
14.215 
13,115 
17,003 


Calendar 
year. 


Fail- 
ves. 


-Total  for  year.- 

Liabili-    Av.  Lia- 


1914 18.280  $357.908.859 


1915 22.156 

1916 16.993 

1917 13.855 

1918 9.982 

1919... 


302.286,148 
196.212.256 
182.441.371 
163,019.979 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


707 


POLITICAL    PARTY    PLATFORMS    OF     1916    IN    BRIEF. 


The  following  summary  includes  the  principal 
planks  in  the  platforms  adopted  at  the  national 
party  conventions  in  1916: 

REPUBLICAN. 

Protection  of  every  American  at  home  and 
abroad. 

Firm   and  courageous  foreign  policy. 

Restoration  of  order  in  Mexico. 

Reaffirmation  of  the  Monroe  doctrine. 

Closer  relations  with  Latin  America. 

Retention  of  the  Philippines. 

Coherent  and  continuous  policy  of  national  de- 
fense with  an  adequate  army  and  strong  navy. 

Tariff  for  the  protection  of  American  industries 
and  labor. 

Regulation  and  supervision   of  corporations. 

An  effective  system  of  rural  credits. 

Extension  of  rural  five  delivery. 

Subsidies  for  merchant  marine. 

Federal  control  of  transportation  brdr.ess. 

Establishment  of  budget  system  for  govern- 
ment expenditures. 

Conservation  of  natural   resources. 

Vocational  education  and  workmen's  compensa- 
tion laws. 

Woman  suffrage  to  be  granted  by  each  state. 
PROGRESSIVE. 

Protection  of  the  rights  of  American  citizens 
on  land  and  sea. 

To  guard  the  honor  of  the  nation. 

To  maintain  the  integrity  of  international  law. 

The  creation  of  conditions  which  will  make  for 
permanent  peace. 

Adequate  provision  for  the  common  defense. 

A  navy  restored  to  at  least  second  rank  in 
battle  efficiency. 

A  regular  army  of  250,000  men  as  a  first  line 
of  defense. 

A  system  of  military  training  adequate  to  or- 
ganize with  promptness,  behind  that  first  line 
of  the  army  and  navy,  a  citizen  soldiery,  sup- 
plied, armed  and  controlled  by  the  national  gov- 
ernment. 

Universal  military  training. 

Full  suffrage  for  women. 

Social  and  industrial  justice. 

Creation  of  a  permanent  expert  tariff  commis- 
sion ;  a  protective  tariff. 

National  regulation  of  industry. 
DEMOCRATIC. 

Tariff  for  revenue  only;  a  nonpartisan  tariff 
commission. 

The  suppression  of  all  alliances  and  combina- 
tions conspiring  to  injure  the  United  States  and 
advance  the  interests  of  foreign  countries. 

The  maintenance  of  an  army  adequate  to  the 
requirements  of  order,  of  safety  and  of  the  pro- 
tection of  the  nation's  rights,  development  of 
seacoast  defenses,  the  maintenance  of  an  ade- 
quate reserve  of  citizens  trained  to  arms;  con- 
tinuous development  of  the  navy. 

To  assist  the  world  in  securing  settled  peace 
and  justice,  respect  for  the  fundamental  rights 
of  the  smaller  states  and  the  complete  security 
of  the  highway  of  the  seas. 

Close  relations  of  amity  with  other  American 
republics. 

Maiptenance  of  the  Monroe  doctrine. 

Intervention  in  Mexico,  but  only  as  a  last 
resort. 

Development  of  American  merchant  marine. 

Conservation  of  natural   resources. 

Promotion  of  agriculture  through  farm  mar- 
keting, farm  credits  and  the  establishment  of 
grades  and  standards. 

A  living  wage  for  all  employes. 

A  working  day  of  not  to  exceed  eigh;  hours. 

Adoption  of  safety  appliances. 

Compensation  for  industrial  accidents. 

Equitable  retirement  law  for  civil  service  em- 
ployes. 

Protection  of  the  rights  of  American  citizens 
at  home  and  abroad. 

Peace  among  the  warring  nations  of  Europe. 


Development  of  waterways. 

Alteration  of  senate  rules  to  permit  transac- 
tion of  business. 

Economy  and  the  use  of  the  budget  system  ia 
national  expenditures. 

Enforcement   of  civil   service   laws. 

Self-government  and  ultimate  independence  for 
the  Philippines. 

Prison   reform. 

Generous  pensions  for  soldiers. 

PROHIBITION. 

Abolition  of  liquor  traffic. 

Equal  suffrage  for  women  by  amendments  to 
state  and  federal  constitutions. 

Peace  and  friendliness  with  all  nations;  pro- 
motion of  a  world  court  for  the  settlement  ol 
national  differences. 

Disarmament  of  nations. 

Against  universal  military  training. 

Promotion  of  reciprocity  in  trade ;  formation 
of  a  commission  of  trade  specialists. 

Creation  of  merchant  marine. 

Independence  of  Philippines  when  people  are 
fit  for  it. 

Extension  of  civil  service. 

Uniform  marriage  and  divorce  laws. 

Arbitration  between  capital  and  labor. 

Budget  system  in  national  expenditures. 

Single   presidential   term   of  six  years. 

Initiative,    referendum  and  recall. 

Promotion  of  agriculture :  abolition  of  boards 
of  trade,  chambers  of  commerce  and  stock  ex- 
changes. 

SOCIALIST. 

Opposition  to  war. 

Unrestricted  and  equal  suffrage  for  men  and 
women. 

Initiative,  referendum,  recall  and  proportional 
representation  nationally  as  well  as  locally. 

Abolition  of  United  States  senate  and  veto 
power  of  president. 

Revision  of  constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Abolition  of  power  of  Supreme  court  to  pass 
upon  acts  of  congress. 

Curbing  of  injunctions. 

Election  of  federal  judges  for  short  terms. 

Freedom  of  speech,  press  and  assemblage. 

Increase  of  income,  corporation  and  inheritance 
taxes. 

Further  measures  for  general  education. 

Abolition  of  monopoly  ownership  of  patents. 

Collective  ownership  of  public  utilities. 

Acquisition  by  municipalities,  states  and  gov- 
ernment of  grain  elevators,  stockyards,  storage 
warehouses  and  other  distributing  agencies. 

Extension  of  public  domain  to  mines,  quarries, 
oil  wells,  forests  and  water  power. 

Conservation  of  natural   resources. 

Collective  ownership  of  land. 

Money  to  be  issued  by  government  only;  govern 
ment  to  lend  money  at  nominal  rates  to  munici- 
palities and  counties  to  take  over  public  utilities. 

Relief  of  unemployed  by  extension  of  public 
works. 

Conservation  of  human   resources  by — 

Shortening  the  workday. 

Freedom  of  political  and  economic  organization. 

Giving  rest  period  of  at  least  a  day  and  a  half 
in  each  week. 

Securing  more  effective  inspection  of  workshops. 

Forbidding  child  labor. 

Establishing   minimum    wage   scales. 

Establishing  system  of  old  age  pensions  and 
insurance  by  the  state  and  by  employers  of 
workers  without  cost  to  the  latter,  and  by 

Establishing  mothers'  pensions. 

SOCIALIST   LABOR. 

Means  of  production  must  be  controlled  by  the 
people  in  common. 

Industrial  administration  by  the  working  class 
—the  workers  to  assume  control  and  direction 
as  well  as  operation  of  their  industrial  affairs. 

Organization  of  the  workers  into  a  revolu- 
tionary party. 


798 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


NATIONAL  WOMAN'S  PARTY. 
Adoption  of  the  Susan  B.  Anthony  amendment 
to  the  United  States  constitution  that  the  right 
of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall 
not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States 
or  by  any  state  on  account  of  sex. 


ILLINOIS  LABOR  PARTY  PLATFORM. 

Following:  is  the  text  of  the  platform  adopted 
by  the  Illinois  state  labor  party  at  Springfield 
April  12.  1919: 

The  labor  party  was  organized  to  assemble 
into  <*  new  majority  the  men  and  women  who 
work,  but  who  have  been  scattered  as  helpless 
minorities  in  the  old  parties  under  the  leader- 
ship of  the  confidence  men  of  big  business. 

These  confidence  men  by  exploitation  rob 
the  workers  of  the  product  of  their  activities 
and  use  the  huge  profits  thus  gained  to  finance 
the  old  political  parties,  by  which  they  gain 
and  keep  control  of  the  government.  They 
withhold  money  from  the  worker  and  use  it 
to  make  him  pay  for  his  own  defeat. 

Labor  is  aware  of  this  and  throughout  the 
world  the  workers  have  reached  the  deter- 
mination to  reverse  this  condition  and  take 
control  of  their  own  lives  and  their  own  gov- 
ernment. In  this  country  this  can  and  must 
be  achieved  peacefully  by  the  workers  uniting 
and  marching  in  unbroken  phalanx  to  the  bal- 
lot boxes.  It  ia  the  mission  of  the  labor 
party  to  bring  this  to  pass. 

The  state  of  Illinois  is  especially  unfortunate 
in  having  been  bound  by  exploiters  and  prof- 
iteers. Corruption  in  politics  and  government 
has  been  created  and  fostered  by  big  business. 

In  the  city  which  is  the  capital  of  Illinois, 
on  the  day  following  that  in  which  the  lower 
house  of  the  general  assembly  denied  working 
men  and  women  relief  from  the  servile  injunc- 
tion judges  who  unlawfully  deprive  citizens 
of  their  constitutional  rights  at  the  behest  of 
the  bosses  who  control  nominations  and  elec- 
tions to  the  bench,  the  labor  party  of  Illinois 
springs  into  being  to  strike  from  the  state 
government  the  shackles  which  prevent  our 
state  from  becoming  great. 

This  cannot  be  accomplished  by  compromis- 
ing longer  with  the  old  parties.  The  day  has 
passed  when  forward  looking  citizens  can  hope 
lor  progress,  aid  or  sincerity  at  the  hands  of 
republican  or  democratic  party  officeholders. 

The    following    program    is    announced: 

1.  Democratic  control   of  industry  and  com- 
merce for  the  general  good  of  those  who  work 
with  hand   and  brain   and  the   elimination    of 
autocratic   domination    of    the    forces    of    pro- 
duction and  distribution,  either  by  selfish  pri- 
vate interests  or  bureauratic  agents  of  govern- 
ment. 

2.  The   unqualified   right   of   workers   to   or- 
ganize and  to  deal  collectively  with  employers 
through  such  representatives  of  their  organiza- 
tions as  they  choose. 

3.  The  freedom  from  economic  hazard  which 
comes  with  a  minimum  wage  based  upon  the 
cost    of    living,    and    the    right    of    the   worker 
to    maintain,     without    the    labor    of    mother 
and  children,  himself  and  his  family  in  health 
and  comfort,  with  ample  provision  for  recrea- 
"ion  and  good  citizenship. 

4.  Leisure  in  which  to  enjoy  happiness  and 
improve  the  mind  and  body  by  the  institution 
of    a    maximum    working    day    of   eight   hours 
and  a  maximum  working  week  of  forty-eight 
hours,   both   for  men  and  women. 

5.  Abolition    of    unemployment    by    reducing 
the  hours  of  work  still  further  as  necessary  to 
permit  all  who  are  able  to  work  to  find  occu- 
pation and  full  pay  for  those  who  for  a  time 
are  unemployed  because  of  illness,  accident  or 
temporary  loss  of   work. 

6  Equality  of  men  and  women  in  govern- 
ment and  industry,  with  complete  enfranchise- 


ment  of   women   and  equal  pay   for  men   and 
women  doing  similar  work. 

7.  Reduction  of  the  cost  of  living  to  a  just 
level,  immediately  and  as  a  permanent  policy, 
by    the   development    of    co-operation    and    the 
elimination    of    wasteful    methods,    middlemen 
and   all   profiteering   in    the   creation   and   dis- 
tribution of  the  products  of  industry  and  agri- 
culture, in  order  that  the  actual  producers  may 
enjoy  the  fruits  of  their  toil. 

8.  Complete   revision   of   the   state  constitu- 
tion to  reclaim  it  for  the  people,   so  that  in- 
stead of  its  being,   as  at  present,   the  fortress 
of   reactionaries  and  the  backbone  of   the  big 
business    organizations   that   grip   the    state    it 
will  become  the  bulwark  of  the  workers,  built 
upon  the  theory  of  guaranteeing  human  rights 
instead  of  exalting  property  rights.     Now   the 
workers'  measures  are  unconstitutional.    It  must 
be  rewritten  so  that  the  proposals  of  crooked 
big  business  will  be  unconstitutional.     It  mus , 
be   made   easy    of    amendment.      It   must   give 
the  state  a  new  and  just  revenue  system.     It 
must  guarantee  the  initiative,  referendum  and 
recall.     It  must  release  the  bonding  power  of 
communities,    so    that    public    ownership    and 
operation  are  made  possible. 

9.  Taxation   of  inheritances   and  income?   at 
a   graduated   rate  progressing  with   their  size, 
and   taxation   of   land   values  but   not   of   im- 
provements. 

10.  Public  ownership  and  operation  of  all 
public  utilities,  including  grain  elevators,  ware- 
houses, stockyards,  abattoirs,  insurance  and 
banks.  Development  under  public  ownership 
of  the  water  power  sites  of  Illinois.  Public 
ownership,  preferably  federal,  of  the  mines  of 
Illinois,  and  in  the  meantime  state  regulation, 
which  will  prevent  wasteful  competitive  meth- 
ods of  mining. 

11.  State  aid  to  provide  lands  and  homes  for 
Illinois  residents  in  town  or  country. 

12.  Abolition  of  employment  of  all  children 
under  the  age  of  16  years. 

13.  A  democratic  system  of  public  education 
from  kindergarten  to  university,  with  free  .text- 
books and  with   opportunity   for  full  cultural 
and  vocational  education  for  every  child.     Re- 
education  of   disabled   soldiers  and   the   appli- 
cation   of    the    same   restorative   treatment   to 
disabled  industrial   workers. 

14.  Old   age   and   health   insurance,   an   ade. 
quate    workmen's    compensation    law     and     a 
mothers'  pension  that  will  put  an  end  to  child 
poverty   and   permit    the   full   development    of 
every  child  under  its  mother's  care. 

15.  Use  by   the   wtate   of   only   such  supplies 
and    materials    as    bear    the    union    label,    in- 
eluding  school  textbooks. 

16.  Full  political  rights  for  civil  service  em- 
ployes. 

17.  Abolition   of  private  employment,   detec- 
tive and  strike  breaking  agencies  and  the  ex- 
tension of  lederal  and  state  employment  serv- 
ices  to   make   these  agencies   for   finding  jobs 
for  workers,  instead  of  merely  finding  workers 
for   jobs,    and   to   prevent    them   from    placing 
workers  in  positions  that  do  not  pay  a  living 
wage. 

18.  Abolition  of  the  state  senate. 

19.  Abolition  of  the  power  of  judges  to  issue 
and  enforce  injunctions  to  deprive  citizens  of 
their  rights  in  industrial  disputes,   and  enact- 
ment into  law  of  the  right  of  citizens  to  trial 
by  jury  for  contempt  of  court  committed  else- 
where than  in  the  presence  of  the  court. 

20.  No  law   to  be  declared  by  the  Supreme 
court   unconstitutional  unless  three-fourths  of 
the  judges  so  decide. 

21.  All  state  work  to  be  done,  not  by  con- 
tract, but  directly  by  the  state. 

22.  The   development    of    co-operative   trade 
and  industry  and  enactment  of  needed  legisla- 
tion favorable  to  that  purpose. 

23.  Complete  restoration  at  the  earliest  po* 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


790 


sible  moment  of  all  fundamental  -political 
rights— free  speech,  free  press  and  free  as- 
semblage: the  removal  of  all  war  time  re- 
straints upon  the  interchange  of  ideas  and  the 
movement  of  people  among:  communities  and 


nations,  and  the  liberation  of  all  persons  held 
in  prison  or  indicted  under  charges  due  to 
their  championship  of  the  rights  of  labor  or 
their  patriotic  insistence  upon  the  rights  guar- 
anteed to  them  by  the  constitution. 


SOCIALIST    1917   PLATFORM. 

(Preamble  omitted.) 
Political  Demands. 


1.  Complete  adult  suffrage  by  the  elimina- 
tion of  all  sex.  residential  and  educational 
qualifications,  by  the  abolition  of  all  registra- 
tion fees._poll  taxes  or  other  impediments  to 


voting. 


ranchisement  of   those   who   have 


.   . 

declared  their  intention  to  become  citizens  and 
have  resided  in  this  country  one  year. 

2.  Democratic  control  of  the  government 
through  a  constitutional  amendment  providing 
for  the  initiative,  referendum  and  recall. 


3.   Effective    voting    and    proportional 
sentation  on  all  legislative  bodies. 


repre- 


4.  The  abolition  of  the  power  of  the  courts 
to  make  and  unmake  laws  because  of  alleged 
unconstitutionally  or  other  grounds. 

5.  Rigid   maintenance    of    the    right    of    free 
press,  speech  and  assemblage  in  peace  and  in 
war. 

Economic  Demands. 

1.  National    ownership    and   democratic   con- 
trol   of    the    railroads,     telegraphs    and    tele- 
phones,   steamship    lines    and   all    other   social 
means  of  transportation,   communication,  stor- 
age and  distribution. 

2.  Nationalization  of  banking  and  of  social- 
ly beneficial   kinds    of   insurance. 

3.  Direct  loans  to   municipalities   and   states 


at   cost. 


Further  Demands. 


The  following  measures  do  not  exhaust  by 
any  means  the  ways  by  which  the  workers 
can  be  helped  to  freedom.  They  are  com- 
piled as  suggestive  of  further  activity  to 
that  end. 

1.  Abolition    of    the    senate    and    the    veto 
power    of    the   president. 

2.  Direct  election  of  the  president  and  vice- 
president. 


3.  Immediate   curbing   of  the   power    of   the 
courts  to  issue  injunctions. 

4.  Direct  election  of  all  judges  of  the  United 
States  courts    for   short  terms. 

5.  Free  administration  of  law  and  the  crea- 
tion of  public  defenders. 

Industrial  Demands. 

1.  Complete  abolition   of   child  labor. 

2.  A    legal    minimum    wage    based    on    the 
ascertained  cost  of  a  decent  standard  of  life. 

3.  Full  protection   for   migratory   and  unem- 
ployed workers  from  oppression. 

4.  Abolition     of     private     employment,     de- 
tective  and   strike  breaking  agencies,    and  the 
extension  of  the  federal  employment  bureau. 

5.  A  shorter  work  day  in  keeping  with  in- 
creased industrial  productivity. 

6.  An  uninterrupted  rest  period  of  one  and 
a  half  days  in  each  week. 

7.  Freedom  of  industrial  and  political  activ- 
ities of  the  workers. 

General  Demands. 

1.  Taxation    to    be    raised    from    graduated 
taxes   on   incomes   and  inheritances   and  from 
site  values. 

2.  Adequate  higher  educational  facilities  for 
the  entire  youth  of  the  nation,  and  such  con- 
tribution   to    family    resources   as   will    enable 
the  youth  to  remain  in  contact  with  such  fa- 
cilities until  they  are  fully  equipped  for  their 
economic  and  social  careers. 

3.  Government  support,   by  loans   and  other 
methods,    to    farmers'    and   workers'    co-opera- 
tive   organizations. 

4.  The  retention  and  extension  of  the  pub- 
lic domain  and  the  conservation  and  full  de- 
velopment of  natural  resources  by  the  nation. 

5.  Pensions  for  mothers,  for  invalidity,   and 
old  age. 


WOMAN    SUFFRAGE. 


Nationwide  woman  suffrage  in  the  United 
States  was  made  possible  in  1919  when  the 
66th  congress  at  its  first  session  adopted  a 
joint  resolution  proposing  an  amendment, 
popularly  known  as  the  Susan  B.  Anthony 
amendment,  to  the  federal  constitution  ex- 
tending the  right  of  suffrage  to  women.  The 
resolution  was  as  follows:  . 

"Resolved,  by  the  senate  and  house  of  rep- 
resentatives of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  congress  assembled  (two-thirds  of  each 
house  concurring  therein).  That  the  following 
article  is  proposed  as  an  amendment  to  the 
constitution,  which  shall  be  valid  to  all  in- 
tents and  purposes  as  part  of  the  constitution 
when  ratified  by  the  legislatures  of  three- 
fourths  of  the  several  states. 

"  'Article  — .  The  right  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged 
by  the  United  States  or  by  any  state  on  ac- 
count of  sex. 

"  'Congress  shall  have  the  power  to  enforce 
this  article  by  appropriate  legislation.1 " 

In  the  65th  congress  a  similar  resolution 
was  passed  by  the  house  of  representatives 
Jan.  10,  1918.  by  a  vote  of  274  yeas  to  136 
nays.  In  the  senate  progress  was  slow  and 
on  Sept.  30  President  Wilson  made  a  per- 
sonal appeal  for  the  passage  of  the  resolution. 


two-thirds  vote  was  not  attained  and  the 
measure  failed.  Ou.  the  ;  first  day  of  the  spe- 
cial session  of  the  66th  congress.  May  19. 
1919.  Representative  James.  R..  Mann  of  Illi- 
nois introduced  the  Susan  B.  Anthony  resolu- 
tion in  the  house  and  on  .May  21  it  was 
adopted  by  a  vote  of  304  to  88,  the  neces- 
sary two-thirds  total  being  262.  The  bulk  of 
the  opposition  came  from  southern  democrats. 
Only  sixteen  republicans .  voted  against  the 
resolution. 

In  the  senate  efforts  were  made  to  delay  the 
adoption  of  the  resolution,  but  these  were  un- 
successful and  a  vote  was  taken  on  Jun3  4. 
The  resolution  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  66 
to  25.  receiving  two  votes  more  than  the 
requisite  two-thirds  of  the  senators  voting. 
The  republicans  voting-  in  the  negative  were: 
Borah.  Brandegee.  Dillingham,  Knox.  Lodge, 
McLean.  Moses  and  Wadsworth.  The  demo- 
crats voting  no  were:  Bankhead.  Beckham, 
Dial.  Fletcher.  Gay.  Harrison.  Hitchcock,  Over- 
man. Reed.  Simmons.  Smith  (Md.).  Smith  (S. 
C.).  Swanson.  Trammell.  Underwood.  Williams 
and  Wolcott. 

The  resolution  was  drafted,  substantially  in 
the  form  in  which  it  was  eventually  passed 
by  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  Elizabeth  Cady 
Stanton  in  1875.  It  was  first  introduced  by 


A  vote  was  taken  on  Oct.  1.  but  the  necessary  Senator  A.  A.  Sargent  of  California  in  1878. 


800 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


It  was  defeated  in  the  senate  in  1887,  1914, 
1918  ?nd  once  in  1919.  In  the  house  it  was 
defeated  in  19-15  by  a  vote  of  174  yeas  to 

Immediately  after  the  passage  of  the  resolu- 
tion by  congress  strong-  efforts  were  made  to 
secure  its  ratification  by  the  state  legislatures 
in  order  to  permit  the  women  of  all  the  states 
in  the  union  to  take  part  in  the  presidential 
election  of  1920.  Illinois  was  the  first  state 
to  ratify  the  amendment  and  was  closely  fol- 
lowed by  Wisconsin  and  Michigan,  all  taking 
favorable  action  on  June  10.  Up  to  Nov.  28, 
1919,  the  recoM  stood  as  follows: 

Number  necessary  to   carry   amendment,    36. 

Stat°s    voting    for    ratificrtion,    19. 

States  voting  against  ratification    2.  . 

The  list  of  states  voting  for  ratification  and 
of  those  voting  against  ratification  follows,  the 
dates  being  all  in  1919: 

For  Ratification. 


Illinois-June    10. 
Wise,  nsin—  vne   JO. 
Michigan— June    10. 
Kansas— June  16. 
New  Yo-k— June  16. 
Ohio — June    16. 
p"ni«-"i^'nip— June  24. 
Massachusetts— June 

25. 
Texas— June    28. 

Afiainst  Ratification. 
Georgia— July  24.          I  Alabama— Sept.   17. 


lowa-^July  2. 
Missouri— July    3. 
Arkansas— July    28. 
Montana-^Tuly  30. 
Nebraska— Aug.  2. 
Minnesota— Sept.   8. 
N.  Hampshire — Sept  10 
Ut"h— Sept.  30. 
California— Nov.  1. 
MMne— Nov.  5. 


ELECTION 

PRESIDENTIAL. 
Every  fourth  year.  Next  election  Nov.  2.  1920. 

STATE. 

Gubernatorial  if  not  otherwise  specified. 
Alabama — Every    fourth   year.      Next    election 

Nov.  7.  1922. 

Arizona— Biennially :  first  Tuesday  after  first 
Monday  in  November.  Next  election  Nov.  2. 
1920. 

Arkansas— Biennially:   second   Monday   in   Sep- 
tember.    Next  election  Sept.  13.  1920. 
California— Every  fourth  year.     Next  election 

Nov.  7.  1922. 

Colorado — Biennially.  Next  election  Nov.  2, 
1920. 

officers  except  attorney-gen- 
attorney-general    quadrenni- 
ion  Nov.  2.  1920. 
fourth   year.      Next   election 


Next    election 


Next    election    Nov.    2. 


Connecticu 
eral    bienn 
ally.     Ncx 

Delaware — 
Nov.  2.  1920. 

Florida — Every    fourth    year. 
Nov.  2.  1920. 

Georgia— Biennially . 
1920. 

Id-ho— Biennially.     Next  election  Nov.  2.  1920. 

Illinois— Governor,  lieutenant-governor,  secre- 
tary of  state,  auditor  and  attorney-general 
evc-T  fourth  year.  Next  election  Nov.  2, 
1920.  State  treasurer  biennially.  Next  elec- 
tion Nov.  2.  1920. 

Indiana — Governor,  every  fourth  year.  Next 
election  Isov.  2.  1920.  Other  staxe  officers 
biennially.  Next  election  Nov.  2.  1920. 

Iowa — Governor,  lieutenant-governor,  superin- 
tendent of  instruction,  ono  justice  of  the  Su- 
preme court  and  one  railroad  commissioner 
biennially.  Next  election  Nov.  2,  1920. 

Kansas — Biennially.  Next  election  Nov.  2. 
1920. 

Kentucky— Every  fourth  year.  Next  election 
Nov.  6.  1923. 

Louisiana — Every  fourth  year;  third  Tuesday 
in  April.  Next  election  Anril  20.  1920. 

Mnine— Biennially;  second  Monday  in  Septem- 
ber. ><exr,  election  Sept.  13,  1920. 

Maryland— ^' very  fourth  year.  Next  election 
Nov.  fl.  1923. 


WOMAN   SUFFRAGE    STATES. 

Women  in    1919   have   the  right   to   vote   in 
the  following  states: 
Alaska  (ter-        Illinois.*  Oklahoma. 

ritory) .  Kansas.  Oregon. 

Arizona.  Michigan.  Utah. 

California.  Montana.  South  Dakota. 

Colorado.  Nevada.  Washington. 

Idaho.  New  York.          Wyoming. 

*For  offices  not  mentioned  in  state  consti- 
tution. 

States  allowing  partial  suffrage  to  women 
pre:  Arkansas.  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Florida. 
Iowa,  Indiana,  Kentucky,  Massachusetts,  Min- 
nesota. Mississippi,  Missouri,  Nebraska.  New 
Hampshire.  New  Jersey,  New  Mexico,  North 
Dakota.  Ohio  (defeated  full  suffrage  in  1912 
pnd  1914).  Tennessee,  Texas.  Vermont  and 
Wisconsin. 

The  legislatures  of  Indiana.  Missouri,  Ten- 
nessee and  Wisconsin  passed  laws  in  1919  giv- 
i^g  women  the  right  to  vote  for  presidential 
electors. 

PROGRESS   OF    SUFFRAGE   IN   FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES. 

The  South  African  parliament  adopted  a 
woman  suffrage  law  on  April  4.  1919. 

May.  1919.  the  Swedish  riksdag  granted 
women  full  suffrage. 

Italy,    in    September.    1919,    granted   women 
the   political   administrative  vote.     The  eham- 
,  ber  of  deputies  was  almost  unanimous  in  vot- 
i  ing  for  the  measure. 

CALENDAR. 

Massachusetts— Annually.  Next  election  Nov. 
2.  1920. 

Michigan— Biennially.  Next  election  Nov.  2. 
1920. 

Minnesota— Biennially.  Next  election  Nov.  2. 
1920. 

Mississippi— Every  fourth  year.  Next  election 
Nov.  6.  1923. 

Missouri — Principal  state  officers  every  fourth 
year.  Next  election  of  governor,  lieutenant- 
governor,  secretary  of  state,  auditor,  treas- 
urer and  attorney -general  Nov.  2.  1920. 

Montana — Every  fourth  year.  Next  election 
Nov.  2.  1920. 

Nebraska — Biennially.  Next  election  Nov.  2. 
1920. 

Nevada  —  Every  fourth  year.  Next  election 
Nov.  7.  1922. 

New  Hampshire  —  Biennially.  Next  election 
Nov.  2.  1920. 

New  Jersey — Governor  every  third  year,  other 
officers  appointed.  Next  election  Nov.  7. 
1922. 

Naw  Mexico — Every  fourth  year,  on  Tuesday 
after  the  first-Monday  in  November.  Next 
election  Nov.  2,  1920. 

New  York— Biennially.  Next  election  Nov.  2. 
1920. 

North  Carolina — Every  fourth  year.  Next  elec« 
tion  Nov.  2,  1920. 

North  Dakota— Biennially.  Next  election  Nov. 
2.  1920. 

Ohio  —  Governor,  lieutenant-governor,  state 
treasurer  and  attorney-general  biennially. 
Next  election  Nov.  2.  1920.  Secretary  of 
state  and  dairy  and  food  commissioner  bien- 
nially. Next  election  Nov.  2,  1920. 

Oklahoma — Every  fourth  year.  Next  election 
Nov.  7.  1922. 

Oregon— Every  fourth  year.  Next  election  Nov. 
7.  1922. 

Pennsylvania  —  Governor,  liev  tenant-governor 
and  sec^tary  of  int/"nnl  pffpi-s  rvery  fourth 
yppr.  Next  election  Nov.  7.  1922. 

Rhod"  Island— Biennially.  Next  election  Nov. 
2.  19°0. 

South  Carolina— Biennially.  Next  election  Nov. 
2.  1920. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


801 


South  Dakota — Biennially.     Next  election  Nov. 

2.  1920. 
Tennessee— Biennially.      Next  election  Nov.   2. 

1920. 

Texas— Biennially.     Next  election  Nov.  2.  1920. 
Utah— Every  fourth  year.     Next  election  Nov. 

2.  1920. 
Vermont— Biennially.      Next    election    Nov.    2, 

1920. 
Virginia — Every    fourth    year.      Next    election 

Nov.  8.  1921. 
Washington— Every  fourth  year.     Next  election 

Nov.  2,  1920. 

West  Virginia— Every  fourth  year.     Next  elec- 
tion Nov.  2.  1920. 
Wisconsin — Biennially.     Next  election,  Nov.  2, 

1920. 
Wyoming— Every   fourth   year.      Next   election 

Nov.  2,  1920. 


PRESIDENTIAL    ELECTION    OF    1920. 

The  next  president  and  vice-president  of  the 
United  States  will  be  chosen  Nov.  2,  1920. 
Electors  will  then  be  voted  for  directly  by 
the  people  on  the  party  tickets.  These  elec- 
tors meet  in  their  respective  states  on  the 
second  Monday  in  January,  1921,  and  ballot 
for  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United 
States.  On  the  second  Wednesday  in  Febru- 
ary the  electoral  votes  are  opened  and  count- 
ed in  the  presence  of  both  houses  of  con- 
gress and  the  result  is  announced  by  the 
president  of  the  senate.  The  successful  can- 
didates are  sworn  in  March  4  following-. 

Many  of  the  states  have  presidential  prefer- 
ence primaries,  but  the  candidates  are  actu- 
ally chosen  by  delegates  to  the  national  party 
conventions  held  in  the  spring-  and  summer 
preceding-  the  election. 


NONPARTISAN  LEAGUE  MOVEMENT  IN 
NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Considerable  attention  was  directed  in  the 
summer  and  fall  of  1918  to  the  progress  of 
the  National  Nonpartisan  league,  especially  in 
North  Dakota,  where  it  was  most  successful, 
electing  its  candidates  for  state  offices  and  car- 
rying a  number  of  proposed  amendments  to 
the  state  constitution  of  a  somewhat  radical 
character.  It  was  and  is  chiefly  a  farmers' 
movement  and  as  such  has  many  adherents 
throughout  the  northwest.  Fpllowing  are  the 
amendments  to  the  state  constitution  of  North 
Dakota  advocated  by  the  Nonpartisan  league 
and  approved  by  popular  vote  at  the  election 
of  Nov.  5.  1918: 

Permitting  bond  issues  for  public  owned  proj- 
ects: a  more  workable  form  of  the  initiative, 
referendum  and  recall:  amendment  of  the  state 
constitution  through  the  initiative  and  refer- 
endum: public  ownership  of  industries:  state 
controlled  rural  credit  banks  operated  at  cost 
and  compulsory  state  hail  insurance. 

The  state  platform  of  the  league  also  advo- 
cated the  creation  of  a  state  labor  and  employ- 
ment bureau  and  state  insurance  on  all  public 
and  farm  buildings. 

OGLESBY   MONUMENT    IN    CHICAGO. 

On  Nov.  21,  1919.  a  bronze  statue  of  Rich- 
ard J.  Oglesby,  former  governor  of  Illi- 
nois, was  unveiled  in  Lincoln  park,  Chicago, 
with  fitting  ceremonies.  It  was  presented  by 
State  Senator  Martin  B.  Bailey  of  Danville, 
as  chairman  of  the  monument  commission, 
and  was  accepted  by  Gov.  Frank  O.  Lowden, 
who  said  in  part: 

"I  think  I  may  say  without  detraction 
that  no  man  in  all  our  history  was  ever  so 
close  to  the  hearts  of  the  people  of  Illinois  as 
Richard  J.  Oglesby.  His  career  recounted  in 
simple  words  upon  the  bronze  plate  beyond 
the  statue  reads  like  a  romance.  I  am  very 
happy  to-day,  in  the  name  of  the  state  of 
Illinois,  to  receive  with  commendation  this 
noble  statue  erected  to  the  memory  of  Rich- 
ard J.  Oglesby." 

Mrs.  Oglesby.  Lieut  .-Gov.  John  G.  Oglesby, 
Miss  Felicite  Oglesby  and  Richard  J.  Oglesby 
II.  were  present  as  guests  of  honor  of  the 
state  of  Illinois. 

The  statue  is  the  work  of  the  sculptor 
Leonard  Crunelle. 


DIRIGIBLE    DESTROYED    BY   LIGHTNING. 

The  British  dirigible  NS-11  ran  into  a  storm 
and  was  struck  by  lightning  while  over  the 
North  sea  off  the  Norfolk  coast,  England, 
July  14.  1919.  The  craft  fell  in  a  mass  of 
flames  and  its  entire  crew  of  two  officers  and 
ten  men  perished.  The  NS-11  was  of  the 
nonrigid  type  and  had  been  used  during  the 
war  in  spotting  enemy  submarines  and  mines. 


CHICAGO    WATERWORKS   SYSTEM. 

The  following  table  shows  the  growth  of 
Chicago's  waterworks  system  by  decades  since 
1854.  when  the  first  large  pumping  station  at 
Chicago  avenue  and  the  lake  was  built,  and  by 
years  since  1900: 

•Population  Gallons    Gallons 
using  city     pumped       per  Total 

Year.  water.  per  day.  capita,  revenue. 
1854.  65,000  591.000  9.1  $58.105.00 
1860.  109,000  4,704.000  43.1  131.162.00 
1870.  307,000  21.766.000  70.9  539.180.00 
1880.  503.000  57.384,000114.1  865.618.35 
1890.1,107,000  152.372.000  137.6  2.109,508.00 
1900.1.727.566  322.683.000  186.8  3.250.481.85 
1901 . 1,776.236  342.901.000  193.0  3,370.600.88 
1902.1.824.906  358,179,000  196.3  3,611.558.81 
1903.1.873,576  376.000.000  200.7  3,689,625.80 
1904.1.922.266  399.065.000  207.6  3.834,541.30 
1905.1.970.936  410.930.000  208.5  4.019.205.88 
1906.2.019.606  437.059.000  216.4  4.281.065.50 
1907.2.068.276  455.194.000  220.1  4.450.349.61 


1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 


.116.946  469.282.000  221.7  4.648.299.54 
.165.616  480.905.000  222.0  5.032.008.48 
.214.286  518.579.000  234.2  5.448,257.55 
.262.056  507.332.000  224.2  5.993.771.32 
.345.315  551.324.000  235.1  6.263.234.75 


1913  .  .372.000  577.860.575  243.6  6.560.042.21 
1914 . 2.393  325  613  323  61  6  254-  2  6  458  514.83 
1915.2.447.504  606.707.671  24«!o  6.180.732.92 
1916.2.491.933  619.803  OOO  249 .0  6.597.995.07 
1917.2  571  941  R31  433  000  °4-5  0  7  188  293.33 
1918.2.621,419  657,900.000  251.0  7.497.447.23 

•Estimated  from  United  States  government 
census. 

In  1918  the  total  amount  of  water  pumped 
was  243.744.960.000  gallons. 

The  pumning-  stations,  with  the  year  of  con- 
struction of  each,  follow: 


Chicago  avenue. . .  1 854 
Twenty-second  st..l875 
Harrison  street. .  .1889 


Jefferson  Park 1897 


Rogers  Park, 


,.1899 


Central  Park 1900 

Spriugfie?.d  av 1901 


Lake  View 1892 

Fourteenth  street. 1892    Roseland    19K 

Sixty-eighth   st...l892    Mayfair   191< 

Washington  Hts..l892 

The  total  daily  capacity  of  the  waterworks 
in  gallons  is  1.056,000.000. 

Other  statistics:  Number  of  taps,  307.813; 
hydrants  in  use,  31,100:  meters  in  use.  25,- 
401;  mileage  of  water  pipe,  2.871. 


EVANSTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

Incorporated   November,    1898. 
President — J.   Seymour  Currey. 
Vice-President — Frank    R.    Grover. 
Treasurer — John   F.    Hahn. 
Secretary— William  C.    Levere. 

The  Evanston  Historical  society  has  rooms  in 
the  Public  Library  building  there.  It  has  a  li- 
brary of  2.000  volumes.  1,000  pamphlets  and  a 
large  amount  of  historical  data. 


802 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


PKOGRESS   OF   CHICAGO    SINCE    1850. 

For  corresponding   data    for    1918    and   1919    consult    index. 


1850. 

1860. 

1870. 

1880. 

1890. 

1900. 

1910. 

Area    sq.  miles          14.0 

17.9 

35.6 

35.6 

179.1 

190.6 

Population    28.269 
Valuation    dols.  7.220.249 

109.206 
37.053.512 

298.977 
275.986.550 

503.298 
117.133.726 

1,099,850 
219.354,368 

1.698,579 
276.565.880 

2.185.283 
•848.994.536 

Tax    levy..            dols.        25.271 

373,315 

4,139,799 

3.899.127 

9.558.335 

18.384.195 

23.485.538 

Bonded    debt..  .  .dols.        93.395 

2.336.000 

11.041.000 

12.752.000 

13.545.400 

16.328.400 

26,229.642 

Receipts  —  Flour,  brls  

713.348 

1.766.037 

3.215,389 

4.338.058 

9.313,591 

8.006.283 

Wheat  bu.  1.687.465 

14.927.083 

17,394.409 

23.541.607 

14.248.770 

48.048.298 

27.540.100 

Corn   bu.  2.869,339 

15.862.394 

20.189.775 

97.272.844 

91.387.754 

134.663.456 

102,592.850 

Total  grain  bu.  6.928,459 

37,235.027 

60.432.574 

165.855.370 

219.052,518 

349.637.295 

294,858.724 

Cattle  No  

532,964 

1.382.477 

3,484.280 

3,039.206 

3.052,958 

Shipments- 

Flour  brls.      100.871 

698.132 

1  705.977 

2.862.737 

4.134,586 

7.396,697 

7,038,351 

Wheat   bu.      883,644 

12.402.197 

16.432.585 

22.796  288 

11.975.276 

36.649.956 

18.679,100 

Corn  bu.      262.013 

13.700.113 

17.777.377 

93.572.934 

90.574.379 

111,099.653 

78.623.100 

Total  grain  bu.  1.830.968 

31.108.759 

54.745.903 

154.377.115 

204,674,918 

265.552.246 

214.601.080 

Hogs,    packed  No.       20,000 

151.339 

688.149 

4.680.637 

4.473.467 

7,119.440 

5.161.552 

Imports,   value.  .dols  

6.955.234 

15,406.786 

15.441.320 

28.281.331 

Vessel  arrivals..  tons  

3.049.265 

4.616.969 

5,138.253 

7.044.995 

9.439.074 

Clearances   tons  

2.983.942 

4.537.382 

5.150.665 

7,141.105 

9.470.572 

Manufactures,    value 

dols  

20.000.000 

92.518.742 

249.022.948 

664,567,927 

888,945,311 

tl,281,  313.000 

Bank  clearings..  dols  



810.676.036 

1.725.684,894  4 

,093,145,904  ( 

i.799.535.598 

13.939,689,984.43 

Internal  revenue  col- 

lections     dols  

8,395,132 

8,936.615 

13.518.996 

13,391,410 

11,652.567.87 

National  bank  denos--\ 

r 

its    dols.  I 
State   bank   deposits  f  " 
dols.J 

16.774.514 

64,764.000^ 

105.785.470 
41.670.296 

231,386,146 
158,238,138 

403,941.474 
430,468.405 

Postoffice  rcpts..dols  

1,071.842 

1.446.014 

3,318,989 

7,063,704 

18.502.854 

Water  used   per  day 

gals.      590.000 

4.703.525 

21,766.260 

57.384.376 

352,372.288 

322.599,630 

517.117.000 

Pipe  miles          30.0 

91.0 

272.4 

455.4 

1.205.0 

1.872.0 

E.272 

Revenue   dols  

131.162 

539.180 

865,618 

2.109,508 

3.250.481 

5.685,006 

Policemen    No. 

100 

274 

473 

1,900 

2.800 

4,260 

Schools    No.               7 

14 

59 

73 

238 

329 

280 

Teachers  No.              35 

123 

572 

898 

2.711 

5.321 

6,383 

Pupils  No.         3.000 

14.199 

40.832 

59,562 

135.541 

255,861 

300.893 

•One-third  full  value,    tin  1909. 


FREIGHT   TUNNELS   UNDER   CHICAGO. 


Underlying  nearly  all  the  streets  in  the  central 
business  section  of  Chicago  are  sixty  miles  of 
tunnels  connecting  the  freight  terminals  of  the 
railroads  with  commercial  houses.  The  tunnels 
are  provided  with  narrow-gauge  (2  ft.)  electric 
railroads  equipped  with  electric  locomotives  and 
steel  cars.  These  are  used  chiefly  in  transport- 
ing goods  to  and  from  railroad  freight  yards 
and  in  carrying  coal  to  business  houses.  Ex- 
cavated and  waste  material  from  new  buildings 
is  removed  through  the  tunnels  and  disposed  of. 
permitting  the  work  of  construction  to  go  on 
without  interruption.  In  1914  the  Chicago  Utili- 
ties company,  which  now  owns  the  tunnel  sys- 
tem, had  in  operation  117  electric  motors  and 
3.000  coal,  freight  and  other  cars.  In  addition 
it  had  charge  of  some  24.000  telephones. 

The  original  franchise  for  the  tunnel  system 
was  granted  Feb.  20,  1899,  to  the  Illinois  Tele- 
phone and  Telegraph  company,  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1898  by  A.  G.  Wheeler  and  associates 
for  the  purpose  of  establishing  an  independent 
telephone  system.  By  an  amendatory  ordinance 
granted  July  15.  1903,  the  company  was  given  the 
right  to  construct  and  operate  a  subway  system 
for  the  transportation  of  mail  matter,  news- 
papers, packages  and  freight  generally.  The 


tunnels  are  19  feet  below  city  datum  or  33  feet 
below  the  surface  of  the  streets,  the  trunk  line 
tunnels  being  limited  in  size  to  12  feet  9  inch- 
es in  width  by  14  feet  in  height,  and  the  smaller 
ones  to  6  feet  in  width  and  7  feet  6  inches  in 
height.  Part  of  the  tunnel  system  was  put  into 
operation  Aug.  15,  1906,  but  the  whole  of  it  was 
not  in  use  until  Sept.  1,  1907. 

The  Illinois  Telephone  and  Telegraph  company 
was  succeeded  in  October.  1903.  by  the  Illinois 
Tunnel  company,  which  was  followed  in  Novem- 
ber, 1904,  by  the  Chicago  Subway  company.  The 
property  of  the  Subway  company  and  underly- 
ing concerns  was  acquired  in  April.  1912.  by  the 
Chicago  Utilities  company,  the  authorized  capi- 
tal stock  of  which  is  $53.000.000. 


TUNNELS    UNDER    CHICAGO    RIVER. 

Washington    Street— Built   1867-1869:    length.    1.605 

feet:   cost  $517.000;   rebuilt  1909-1911. 
LaSalle  Street— Built  1869-1871:  length.  1.890  feet; 

cost     $566.000;     rebuilt    1909-1912;     length.     2,000 

feet:    cost   $1.200.000. 
Van    Buren    Street— Built   1891-1892:    length.    1.614 

feet:    cost    $1.000.000:    rebuilt    1909-1912. 

All    used   for   street   railway   purposes. 


Year.           Mayor.               Dem.  Re 

1900-1.  .Harrison,  Dem.  .27     39 

1901-2.  .Harrison.  Dem.  .29     38 

1902-3.  .Harrison.  Dem.  .30     39 

1903-4.  .Harrison,  Dem.  .32     36 

1904-5.  .Harrison.  Dem    .32     35 

1905-6.  .Dunne.  Dem. 

.32     37 

1906-7.  .Dunne.  Dem. 

.36     34 

1907-8.  .Busse.  Rep.  . 

.36      34 

1908-9.  .Busse,  Rep.  . 

.26     43 

1909-10.  Busse.  Rep.. 

.29     41 

PAST    POLITICAL    COMPLEXION    OF    CITY   COUNCIL. 

From   1900  to  1919. 

Rep.  Ind.Soc.Prgr.  I  Year.  Mayor.  Dem.  Rep.  Ind.Soc.Prg1. 

4      ..       .  .  I  191 0-11.  Busse.  Rep 38     32      

3      ..       ..!  191 1-12. Harrison.  Dem.  .42     28 
1      ..       ..     1912-13. Harrison.  Dem.  .45 

1  1       .  .      1913-14.  Harrison.  Dem.  .45 

2  1       .  .     1914-1 5. Harrison.  Dem.  .39 

1915-16. Thompson,  Rep. 27 
191 6-1 7. Thompson.  Rep. 32 
1917-18. Thompson.  Rep. 42 
1918-19. Thompson,  Rep. 45 
1919-20. Thompson.  Rep. 43 


24 
21 
21 
36 
36 
24 
22 
27 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


803 


>£I(iHBQAHQOD    IMPROVEMENT    ASSOCIATIONS. 


Following  is  a  partial  list  of  associations;  of 
citizens,  business  men  and  others  in  Chicago 
organized  for  the  improvement  of  certain 
neighborhoods  or  localities  and  the  promotion 
of  local  and  general  interests.  Additions  to 
the  list  will  be  made  in  future  editions  of 
The  Daily  News  Almanac  and  Year-Book  and 
corrections  will  be  welcome. 
Active  Clul>— Secretary,  Robert  E.  Elwell,  2142 

West   Madison   street. 
Better  Transportation  League— Secretary.  Tomaz 

F.   Deuther,    1152    North  Ashland   avenue. 
Belmont    Avenue    Merchants'    Club— Secretary. 

E.  Olson,  1042  Belmont  avenue. 

Buena  Park  Citizens'  Association— Secretary. 
Thomas  C.  Kiely.  801  Buena  avenue. 

Fullerton  Avenue  Business  Men's  Association— 
i  Secretary,  Herman  G.  Redwanz,  1537  Ful- 
lerton avenue. 

Greater   Chicago   Federation— Secretary,   Tomaz 

F.  Deuther,   1152  North  Ashland  avenue. 
Hyde  Park  Business  Men's  Association— Secre- 
tary. James  L.  Darby,  1006  East  55th  street. 

Hyde  Park  Improvement  Association— Secre- 
tary, Fred  J.  How,  1545  East  53d  street. 

Kenwood  Improvement  Association — Secretary, 
R.  H.  Norton,  1343  East  47th  street. 

Lake  View  Property  Owners'  Association— Sec- 
retary, Jas.  S.  Prendergrast,  1254  Arthur-st. 

Lawndale  Civic  Center— Secretary.  Rose  Mar- 
cus, 3716  Douglas  boulevard. 

Lincoln  Avenue   Business   Men's   Associatioi 


Secretary,     E.    H.    Drach, 
and  Belmont  avenues. 


Lincoln,    Ashland 


Lincoln,  Robey  and  Irving-  Park  Business  Men's 
Association — Second  vice-president,  George  H. 
Cuny,  6522  Bosworth  avenue. 


Maywood  Commercial  Association— Secretary. 
F.  B.  Davies.  1600  South  lst-av.,  Maywood. 

Milwaukee  and  Armitage  Business  Men's  As- 
sociation— Vice-president,  Bert  Hamburg,  2420 
Armitage  avenue. 

North  Avenue  Merchants'  Association— Treas- 
urer, O.  G.  Roehling,  North  Avenue  State 
Bank. 

North  Central  Improvement  Association— Sec- 
retary, Charles  W.  Folds.  208  South  La  Salle 
street:  superintendent,  William  B.  Johnson 
907  Rush  street. 

North  Clark  Street  Business  Men's  Association 
—President,  E.  J.  Lindsten,  3211  N.  Clark-st. 

North  Side  Commercial  Association— 3810 
Broadway,  room  6:  secretary.  Miss  Grace  G. 
Marsh. 

North-West  Side  Commercial  Association— Sec- 
retary, Tomaz  F.  Deuther.  1152  North  Ash- 
land avenue.  " 

Ravenswood  Improvement  Association— Secre- 
tary, 2015  Wilson  avenue. 

Rogers  Park  Improvement  Association— Secre- 
tary, Peter  Phillip.  7005  North  Clark  street. 

Seventy-First  Street  Association  of  Commerce 
—Vice-president,  R.  C.  Duncan.  418  E.  71st-st. 

South  Park  Improvement  Association— Secre- 
tary, Austin  H.  Parker,  1500  East  57th-st. 

South  State  Street  Improvement  Association — 
Executive  secretary.  Leo  Heller.  140  South 
Dearborn  street. 

Thru-Streets  Association  of  Chicago — Secretary, 
Tomaz  F.  Deuther,  1152  N.  Ashland  avenue. 

West  Madison  Street  Business  Men's  Associa- 
tion—President, J.  T.  Counsell,  2330  West 
Madison  street. 


PUBLIC    SCHOOL    COMMUNITY    CENTERS. 

Open  7:30  to  9:30  o'clock  on  evenings  named. 


Following    is    a    list    of    public    school    com- 
munity centers  with  names   of  principals: 
Agassiz — 2851    North    Seminary    avenue;    Lina 

A.  Troendle;    Monday  and   Friday. 
Armstrong — 7051    North    Pingree   street;    Azile 

B.  Reynolds:  Tuesday  and  Thursday. 
Avalon    Park — 81st     and     Dorchester     avenue; 

Edith  P.   Shepherd:  Tuesday  and  Thursday. 
Avondale — 2915    North    Sawyer    avenue;    John 

D.   Stehman:   Tuesday  and  Friday. 
Beaubien — 5025    North   Laramie    avenue;    Sara 


J.  O'Keefe:   Tuesday  and  Friday. 
Brentano — 2723    North    Fairfield    avenue: 


Wil- 


liam  M.   Roberts:    Tuesday,   Wednesday    and 

Thursday. 
Budlong— 2701  W^st  Foster  avenue;  Minnie  M. 

Jamieson:  Monday  and  Wednesday. 
Burnside— 650     East     91st     place;     Frank     W. 

Rieder:   Tuesday  and  Thursday. 
Burr — 1621     Wabansia     avenue;      Samuel     R. 

Meek;  Friday. 
Byford— 5600    Iowa    street:    Novella  M.  Close; 

Tuesday   and  Thursday. 
Chase— 2021    Point    street:     Solon    S.    Dodge: 

Tuesday  and  Thursday. 
Clarke— 1310  South  Albany  avenue:  George  A. 

Beers:    Wednesday    and    Friday. 
Olay— 13231  Burley  avenue;  Flora  V.  Renaud: 

Wednesday  and  Thursday. 
Clearing — South     Central      avenue     and      55th 

street:  Moses  Maier:  Tuesday  and  Friday. 
Cleveland — 3850   North  Albany   avenue;   Lewis 

W.  Colwell;  Tuesday  and  Friday. 


Colman — 4655     Dearborn     street;     Frances 
Rogers:   Tuesday   and  Friday. 


G. 


Delano — 3937  Wilcox  street:  Gebrandus  A. 
Osinga:  Monday  and  Thursday. 

Earle— 6121  South  Hermitage  avenue;  Ira  C. 
Baker:  Monday  and  Friday. 

Eberhart— 3400  West  65th  place:  Mrs.  Helen 
Blanchard:  Tuesday  and  Friday. 

Ericsson— 2930  Harrison  street;  Otto  M.  Beck- 
er; Tuesday. 


Farragut— 2330    South    Spaulding    avenue:    Al- 
bert W.  Evans:  Friday. 
Farren— 5030  South   Waba.sh   avenue:    Isabella 

Dolton;    Monday   and   Thursday. 
Field— 7019  North  Ashland  avenue:  Albert  L. 

Stevenson:   Tuesday   and  Friday. 
Gallistel— 10347     Ewing     avenue;     James     H. 

Henry;  Tuesday  and  Friday. 
Gladstone— 1231  South  Robey  street— Henry  S. 

Vaile;   Monday   and  Thursday. 
Gray— 3810    North    Laramie    avenue:    Ella    R. 

Connell;  Tuesday  and  Friday. 
Hanson  Park— 2148  North  Long  avenue:  Fan- 
nie L.  Marble;  Tuesday. 
Harrison    High— 2850    24th    street    boulevard; 

Frank  L.  Morse:  Wednesday. 
Haugan — 4540  North  Hamlin  avenue:  Thomas 

C.  Johnson:   Monday   and  Thursday. 
Holmes— 5525  South  Morgan  street:  Daniel  A 

Tear;  Tuesday  and  Friday. 
Howe— 720    Lorel    avenue:     Mary    E.    Vance: 

Monday  and  Thursday. 
Rowland— 1604       South       Spaulding       avenue: 

Frederick  M.  Sisson;  Tuesday  and  Friday. 
Hyde  Park    High— 6220   Stony    Island   avenue: 

Hiram  B.  Loomis:  Friday. 
Jackson— 820     South    Sholto    street:    William 

Hedges:  Tuesday  and  Thursday. 
Kinzie— 150  West  Ohio  street:  Visa  McLaugh- 

lin:   Tuesday   and  Friday. 
Kelvyn       Park — 4343       Wrightwood       avenue: 

Charles  E.  Ostrander;  Tuesday,  Thursday  and 

Friday. 
Kershaw— 6431   South  Union   avenue;   William 

Radebaugh:   Tuesday  and  Thursday. 
Lane  High— 1225   Sedgwick  street:   William  J. 

Bogan:  Friday. 
Le   Moyne— 845    Waveland   avenue:    Abigail  C. 

Ellings:    Friday. 
Lewis-Champlin — 320  West  Englewood  avenue; 

Samuel  B.  Allison;  Tuesday  and  Thursday 
Lloyd— 2103    North   Lamon    avenue:    Jacob   H. 

Hauch:    Tuesday   and   Thursday. 


804 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


Marsh— 9810  South  Exchange  avenue;  Frank- 
lin C.  Donecker;  Friday. 

McCormick— 2720  South  Sawyer  avenue;  Wil- 
liam H.  Chamberlin;  Friday. 

Morgan  Park  High— 11043  Hermosa  avenue; 
William  Schoch;  Tuesday  and  Friday. 

Nettelhorst— 3252  Broadway;  George  W.  Davis; 
Tuesday  and  Friday. 

Norwood  Park— 5900  Nina  avenue;  William  L. 
Smyser:  Tuesday  and  Friday. 

Orr— 4350  Augusta  street;  Katharine  A.  Rior- 
dan;  Wednesday 

Otis— 525  Armour  street;  John  H.  Duggan; 
Tuesday  and  Friday. 

Parkside — East  End  avenue  and  69th  street: 
Jane  S.  Atwater;  Tuesday  and  Thursday. 

Portage  Park— 5330  Berteau  avenue;  Wash- 
ington D.  Smyser:  Tuesday  and  Friday. 

Bay— 5631  Kimbark  avenue;  Arthur  O.  Rape; 
Friday. 

Raymond — 3633  South  Wabash  avenue;  John 
L.  Lewis:  Tuesday  and  Thursday. 


Ryder— 8716  Wallace  street;  Minnie  M.  Tall- 
man;  Monday  and  Thursday. 

Sea  nlan— 11725  Perry  avenue;  Harriette  T. 
Treadwell;  Tuesday  and  Friday. 

Skinner — 1068  West  Jackson  boulevard;  Caro- 
line J.  Utter;  Tuesday  and  Thursday. 

Smyth— 1059  West  13th  street:  William  R. 
Hornbaker;  Monday  and  Thursday. 

Sullivan — 83d  street,  near  Houston  avenue; 
Anna  F.  Mullay;  Thursday. 

Sumner — 715  South  Kildare  avenue:  Edgar  W. 
Trout:  Monday  and  Thursday. 

Thorp,  Ole  A.— 6024  Warwick  avenue;  Mary  F. 
Marnell;  Tuesday  and  Thursday. 

Warren— 9210  Chappel  avenue:  Mrs.  Edith  P. 
Shepherd:  Wednesday  and  Friday. 

Waters— 2519  Wilson  avenue;  Esther  Morgan: 
Monday  and  Thursday. 

Wells— 936  North  Ashland  avenue:  George  B. 
Masslich:  Monday.  Tuesday,  Wednesday  and 
Thursday. 


CHICAGO'S  WELCOME  TO  WAR  VETERANS. 


Chicago  in  the  course  of  1919  welcomed 
home  thousands  of  her  sons  and  many  of 
their  comrades  on  their  return  from  the  world 
war  and  also  remembered  in  various  ways 
those  who  fell  in  battle  or  died  from  wounds 
and  disease.  The  soldiers  and  sailors  began 
coming  in  January  and  they  were  still  com- 
ing though  in  far  fewer  numbers  in  Novem- 
ber. They  came  by  little  groups,  by  bat- 
talions and  by  regiments;  some  were  given 
public  greetings  on  a  large  scale,  others  were 
entertained  in  a  more  quiet  fashion,  while 
still  others,  arriving  unannounced,  failed  to 
find  a  welcome  of  any  kind.  This  was  no- 
body's fault,  but  was  simply  due  to  the  mul- 
tiplicity of  disembarking  points  in  the  city 
and  the  inability  of  the  welcoming  bodies  to 
be  in  so  many  places  at  once.  Some  were 
even  whisked  around  the  city  on  the  belt  lines 
and  did  not  see  their  relatives  or  friends  un- 
til they  returned  from  some  demobilization 
camp. 

The  first  large  detachment  to  arrive  was  the 
333d  field  artillery  regiment  belonging  to  the 
Blackhawk  division.  It  consisted  of  1,430 
men  who  paraded  in  the  loop  and  were  enter- 
tained at  luncheon  in  various  downtown  hotels 
before  proceeding  to  Camp  Grant  for  demob- 
ilization. 

On  Jan.  17,  1,100  veteran  fighting  men  of 
the  118th  (heavy)  artillery,  Dixie  division, 
arrived  after  having  been  mustered  out  at 
Camp  Grant.  They  had  passed  through  the 
city  on  the  llth  of  the  month  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  welcoming  committees. 

Later  in  the  month  arrangements  were  made 
for  properly  welcoming  the  Illinois  soldiers  on 
their  arrival  at  New  York. 

On  Feb.  3,  1,046  men  of  the  311th  ammu- 
nition train  and  field  signal  battalion  of  the 
Blackhawk  division  were  welcomed. 

The  331st  field  artillery  regiment,  1,285 
strong,  from  the  Blackhawk  division,  and  250 
•casuals  came  home  Feb.  13. 

The  370th  infantry,  better  known  locally 
as  the  "old  8th"  Illinois,  came  back  to  Chi- 
cago Feb.  17  and  the  colpred  soldiers,  scores 
of  whom  had  won  decorations  for  valor,  were 
given  a  cordial  welcome  by  the  citizens  with- 
out distinction  as  to  color.  There  were  1,441 
men  in  the  parade  which  passed  through  the 
loop  streets. 

More  Blackhawk  men  came  home  on  Feb. 
22.  They  formed  the  332d  field  artillery  regi- 
ment, 1.648  strong.  With  them  in  the  parade 
marched  500  other  men  from  Illinois  and 
Wisconsin,  all  bound  for  Camp  Grant. 

March  10  another  contingent  of  colored  sol- 
diers arrived  and  paraded.  These  were  the 
•365th  regiment  of  the  "'Buffalo"  or  92d  division. 


On  the  evening  of  March  21  the  lObth  trench 
mortar  battery  of  the  33d  or  "Prairie"  di- 
vision. 270  men,  arrived.  These  were  fol- 
lowed on  April  6  by  some  500  men  from  the 
17th  engineer  regiment,  the  Blackhawk  and 
Prairie  divisions. 

April  7  469  men  of  a  tank  corps  consist- 
ing of  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Michigan  and  Min- 
nesota troops  paraded  in  the  loop  and  were 
given  a  luncheon  at  a  downtown  hotel.  On 
April  15  the  72d  coast  artillery  corps  of  1,196 
men  passed  through  the  city.  On  the  19th 
of  April  hospital  units  12  and  13  from  the 
Northwestern  and  Presbyterian  hospitals,  270 
men.  received  a  warm  welcome.  Then  on 
April  30  hospital  unit  No.  14  arrived.  There 
were  161  men  in  this  unit.  On  May  1  came 
hospital  unit  No.  11  with  210  men.  Nurses 
of  hospital  unit  No.  12,  to  Ihe  number  of 
sixty,  arrived  the  next  day.  May  3  a  number 
of  casuals  from  the  149th  artillery  regiment 
or  "Reilly's  Bucks"  preceded  their  comrades 
and  were  welcomed  by  a  Red  Cross  canteen 
team.  On  May  5  forty  woman  nurses  of  hos- 
pital unit  No.  12  were  cheered  by  throngs 
of  friends. 

May  8  was  a  great  day  in  Chicago,  for  then 
the  main  body  of  Col.  Henry  J.  Reilly's  regi- 
ment, the  149th  field  artillery,  came  back  and 
received  a  royal  welcome  in  spite  of  rain  and 
cold  weather.  There  were  1,414  of  them,  with 
an  additional  battalion  of  370  men  from  the 
167th  Minnesota  infantry  regiment.  Gov. 
Frank  O.  Lowden,  Maj.-Gen.'  Wood  and  other 
distinguished  men  were  among  those  who  paid 
tribute  to  the  gunners  and  their  officers  who 
had  been  through  some  of  the  severest  fight- 
ing in  the  war. 

May  12  was  another  big  day  in  Chicago's 
history,  for  then  the  13th  engineers,  1.075 
men.  chiefly  railroaders,  arrived  after  serving 
two  years  in  France  and  distinguishing  them- 
selves in  many  ways.  The  preparations  for 
their  reception  were  unusually  elaborate  and 
the  program  was  carried  out  in  a  manner  be- 
fitting the  occasion. 

The  309th  field  signal  battalion.  1st  army 
artillery  park  and  119th  field  artillery  evacu- 
ation hospital,  352  men,  arrived  the  next  day. 

Nearly  5.000  men  of  the  33d  division  ar- 
rived at  New  York,  May  17  and  were  officially 
welcomed  in  the  harbor  by  Gov.  Lowden  and 
many  others.  Efforts  to  have  the  whole  divi- 
sion parade  in  Chicago  were  made,  but  the  war 
department  declared  that  the  plan  was  imprac- 
ticable and  it  was  abandoned.  Nevertheless  a 
fine  showing  was  made  by  the  men  who 
arrived  in  Chicago  and  paraded.  There  were 
6.246  men  in  all  belonging  to  the  division 
headquarters,  the  65th  infantry  brigade  head- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


805 


quarters,  the  130th  infantry  (old  4th  Illinois), 
commanded  by  Col.  John  V.  Clinnin.  the  132d 
infantry  (old  2d  Illinois),  commanded  by  Col. 
Abel  Davis,  the  122d,  123d  and  124th  machine 
gun  battalions,  the  108th  mobile  ordnance  re- 
pair detachment  and  the  railroad  detachment. 
The  parade  was  viewed  by  Gov.  Lowden,  Maj.- 
Gen.  Wood,  Maj.-Gen.  George  Bell,  Jr.,  and 
many  other  notable  civilians  and  military  men. 
The  soldiers  and  officers  were  entertained  at 
luncheon  at  the  downtown  hotels. 

Equally  hearty  was  the  reception  given  to 
another  contingent  of  Chicago  and  other  Illi- 
nois soldiers  who  arrived  on  June  1  and  2. 
This  included  the  131st  infantry  (old  1st  Illi- 
nois) commanded  by  Col.  Joseph  B.  Sanborn. 
the  129th  infantry  regiment  (old  3d  Illinois) 
commanded  by  Col.  George  Meyers,  the  108th 
train  headquarters,  the  108th  ammunition 
train  (part  of  old  7th  Illinois)  and  the  108th 
military  police,  comprising  altogether  5,642 
men.  All  were  given  a  rousing-  welcome  of 
the  same  description  as  that  accorded  their 
predecessors. 

On  June  5  came  the  58th  artillery  brigade 
headquarters,  the  122d  field  artillery  (old  1st 
cavalry)  commanded  by  Col.  Milton  J  Fore- 
man, the  124th  field  artillery  (old  3d  Illinois 
artillery)  commanded  by  Col.  H.  B.  Hackett, 
the  108th  engineer  regiment,  the  108th  sani- 
tary train  and  the  108th  field  signal  battalion, 
numbering-  in  all  5,975  men.  The  welcome 
given  these  veterans  was  as  enthusiastic  as 
that  received  on  earlier  dates  by  other  Illi- 

"july  2,  3  and  6  saw  the  arrival  and  wel- 
coming1 of  the  311th  engineer  regiment  of 
1.200  men.  the  602d  engineer  regiment  and 
the  410th  telegraph  battalion.  The  106th  en- 
gineers, the  346th  field  remount  squadron  and 
a  larg-e  number  of  casuals  came  July  11.  and 
on  July  24  the  803d  pioneer  infantry  arrived. 
On  Aug.  14  the  5th  and  6th  regiments  of 
the  4th  brigade,  2d  division.  United  States 
marines,  came  to  Chicago  and  on  Aujr.  23 
2  500  of  these  fighters  on  land  and  sea 
paraded  in  Chicago  before  great  crowds  of 

This  ended  the  formal  demonstrations  in 
honor  of  the  returning-  war  heroes,  though 
many  more  arrived  later  in  smaller  contingents 
or  as  individuals.  The  majority  of  the  sol- 
diers honored  in  Chicago  were  demobilized  at 
Camp  Grant  near  Rockford. 
GEN.  PERSHING  COMMENDS  33D  DIVISION. 

When.  Maj.-Gen.  George  Bell,  Jr..  arrived 
in  New  York  on  the  Mount  Vernon  with  a 
part  of  the  33d  division.  May  17,  1919.  he 
made  public  the  following-  letter  from  Gen. 
John  J.  Pershing-: 

"American  Expeditionary  Forces,  Offices  of 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  France,  April  23. 
1919 

"Maj.-Gen.  George  Bell.  Commanding  33d 
Division,  A.  E.  F. 

"My  Dear  Gen.  Bell: 

"It  afforded  me  great  satisfaction  to  inspect 
the  33d  division  at  Ettelbruck  on  April  22 
and  to  extend  at  that  time  to  the  officers  and 
men  of  your  command  my  congratulations  on 
their  fine  appearance  and  appreciation  of  their 
splendid  record  while  in  France. 

"The  division  has  had  an  interesting  and 
varied  battle  experience.  One  of  these  was  to 
be  schooled  with  the  British  expeditionary 
forces.  It  arrived  in  France  toward  the  end 
of  May.  1918.  when  it  trained  with  the  4th 
army.  Although  as  a  division  it  did  not  en- 
ter the  line  here,  yet  the  majority  of  the  or- 
ganizations had  hard  fighting  experience  be- 
fore they  left  the  British  sector. 

"On  July  4  part  of  the  131st  and  132d 
regiments  of  infantry,  brigaded  with  Australian 
troops,  successfully  attacked  Hamel  and  the 


Hamel  and  Vaire  woods.  On  Aug.  9  the  131st 
infantry,  under  the  5th  British  division,  suc- 
cessfully attacked  Chipilly  ridge  and  the  Gres- 
saire  woods,  an  operation  made  especially 
difficult  by  the  character  of  the  terrain. 

"Toward  the  end  of  August  the  division 
joined  the  1st  American  army  in  the  Toul 
sector,  remaining  in  reserve  until  Sept.  5.  On 
Sept.  10  it  relieved  a  French  division  in  the 
Blercourt  area,  sputhwest  of  Verdun. 

"It  took  part  in  the  opening  of  the  great 
Meuse-Argonne  offensive,  capturing  the  Bois 
des  Forges  and  occupying  the  sector  facing 
the  Meuse  river.  Beginning  with  Oct.  8  it 
participated  in  the  operation  east  of  the 
Meuse,  pressing  vigorous  attacks  on  the  llth. 
12th  and  13th  in  the  vicinity  of  Consenvoye 
and  the  Bois  de  Chaume  and  the  Bois  de 
Platchene. 

"It  remained  on  a  stream  of  the  Meuse  un- 
til it  was  relieved  on  Oct.  21.  in  which  en- 
tire period  it  was  constantly  subject  to  heavy 
artillery  and  machine  gun  fire  from  the  heights 
of  the  west  bank,  and  was  continually  in 
action. 

"On  Oct'.  26  it  re-entered  the  line  in  the 
Troyon  sector,  where  it  took  part  in  the  at- 
tack of  the  2d  army,  driving  the  enemy  from 
the  towns  of  St.  Hilaire  and  Marcheville  and 
occupying  the  towns  of  Burgeville  and  Riayille. 
The  division  was  advancing  when  hostilities 
ended  with  the  armistice. 

"It  is  gratifying  to  see  your  troops  in  such 
good  physical  shape  and  still  more  so  to  know 
that  the  moral  tone  of  all  ranks  is  so  high. 
I  believe  that  they  will  return  with  this  high 
standard  to  perform  in  the  same  way  what- 
ever tasks  may  lie  before  them  in  civil  life. 
They  should  go  home  proud  of  themselves 
and  of  the  part  they  have  played,  and  con- 
scious of  the  respect  and  admiration  of  their 
comrades  throughout  the  American  expedi- 
tionary forces.  Sincerely  yours, 

"JOHN    J.    PERSHING." 


LINCOLN    MEMORIAL    COMMISSION. 

Chairman— William  Howard  Taft,  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

Joseph  G.  Cannon,  Danville,  111.    ' 

George  P.  Wetmore,  Newport,  R.  I. 

Samuel  W.  McCall.  Winchester.  Mass. 

Congressman  Champ  Clark,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Senator  Thomas  S.  Martin,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Secretary— Henry  A.  Vale.  2415  20th  street. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Executive  and  Disbursing  Officer — Col.  Clar- 
ence S.  Ridley.  U.  S.  A. 

The  Linceln  memorial  commission  was 
created  by  an  act  of  congress  approved  Feb. 
9.  1911.  to  devise  and  construct  a  memorial 
of  Abraham  Linc9ln  in  the  city  of  Washing- 
ton. D.  C.  A  design  submitted  by  Henry  Ba- 
con, a  New  York  architect,  was  formally  ac- 
cepted by  congress  Feb.  9,  1913.  The  memorial, 
which  stands  in  Potomac  park,  is  a  colonnaded 
edifice  containing  a  statue  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
a  memorial  of  the  Gettysburg  speech,  a  me- 
morial of  the  second  inaugural  address  and  a 
symbol  of  the  union  of  the  states.  Its  cost 
was  limited  to  $2. 000, 000.  Ground  was 
broken  Feb.  12.  1914. 


EMPLOYES   ON  THE    CHICAGO    CITY   PAY 
BOLL. 

Average  number  in  1918. 

General    government 10,334 

Public  works  5.557 

Waterworks 3.054 

Board   of  education./. 12.319 

Public  library 575 

Harbor  and  subway 44 

Tuberculosis  sanitarium .674 

Total    .  32.557 


806 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


ILLINOIS    SENATORIAL    DISTRICTS. 

Established   May  10.   1901. 


The  establishment  of  new  ward  lines  by  the 
ordinance  of  Dec.  4.  1911,  having  made  the 
terms  of  the  state  senatorial  apportionment  act 
of  1901  inapplicable  or  misleading  so  far  as  cou- 
cerns  Chicago,  the  districts  lying  within  or  part- 
ly within  the  city  are  herewith  described  in 
accordance  with  their  street  boundaries. 
Dist. 

1.  From    Lake    Michigan    west    and    south    along 
the  Chicago  river  to  22d  street,   east  to  Clark, 
south  to  26th,   west  to  Princeton  avenue,   soutii 
to  S2d,    east   to   South   Park   avenue,    south    to 
33d,    east    to    the    lake,    northward    along    lake 
shore   to  river.    (South   side.) 

2.  From   South   Racine   avenue   west  on   Madison 
to    North    Ashland    boulevard,    north    to   Wash- 
ington   boulevard,     west    to    Western    avenue, 
south  to  12th,   west  to  California  avenue,  south 
to   16th.    east   to   Laflin,    north   to   Taylor,    east 
to  Loomis,   north  to  Van  Buren,   east  to  South 
Racine  avenue,  north  to  Madison.     (West  side.) 

3.  From     Clark     street     west    on     22d     to    river, 
southwest    along    river    to    Halsted,    south    to 
34th,    east    to    Union    avenue,    south    to    35th, 
east    to    Parnell    avenue,    south    to    39th,    east 
to  State,   south  to  43d,  east  to  Lake  Michigan, 
northwest    along    lake    shore    to    33d,    west    to 
South    Park    avenue,    north    to    32rl,    west    to 
Princeton  avenue,  north  to  26th,  east  to  Clark, 
north   to  22d.     (South   side.) 

4.  From    State    street    west    on    39th    to    South 
Cicero    avenue,    south    to    55th.    east    to    Rock 
Island    tracks,    south    to    57th    place,    east    to 
State,    north   to  39th.    (Southwest   side.) 

6.  From  Lake  Michigan  west  on  43d  to  State, 
south  to  71st,  east  to  Cottage  Grove  avenue, 
north  to  63d,  «ast  to  the  lake,  northwest  along 
lake  shore  to  43d.  (South  side.) 

6.  From   Lake    Michigan   west  on   Devon   avenue 
to    Clark,     south    to    Irving    Park    boulevard, 
east    to    Racine    avenue,     south    to    Fullerton 
avenue,     east     to     Halsted,     south     to     North 
avenue,    west   to   river,    along  river   northwest 
to   Belmont   avenue,    east   to  Western   avenue, 
north  to  Devon  avenue,  west  to  Kedzie.  north 
to  Howard:   also  all  that  part  of  the  town  of 
Evanston  lying  outside  the  city  of  Chicago,  and 
those    parts    of  the    towns   of   Niles   and    New 
Trier     lying     within     the     city     of     Evaustou. 
(North  side.) 

7.  Towns    of    Thornton,    Bloom,    Rich,    Bremen. 
Orland,    Lemoct,'  Palos,    Worth,    Lyons,    Stick- 
ney,    Proviso,   Leyden,   Elk   Grove,   Schaumberg, 
Hanover.       Barrington,       Palatine.       Wheeling. 
Northfleld;  that  part  of  Niles  outside  the  city 
of  Chicago  and  outside  the  city  of  Evanston: 
that    part    of    New    Trier    outside    the    city    of 
Evanston,    and    those    parts    of  Abe    towns    of 
Norwood   Park   and   Maine  outside  of  Chicago, 
all  in   Cook   county. 

8.  Lake.   McHenry   and  Boone  counties. 

9.  From    Halsted    street    southwest    along    river 
to  Hoyne  avenue,   north  to  16th.   west  to  Cali- 
fornia    avenue,     south     and     southwest     along 
C.,    B.    &    Q.    tracks    to   Clifton    Park    avenue, 
west  to  Central  Park  avenue,  south  to  Illinois 
and  Michigan  canal,   southwest  to  39th.  east  to 
Parnell   avenue,    north   to   35th.    west  to   Union 
avenue,   north  to  34th,  west  to  Halsted,   north 
to   river.      (Southwest    side.) 

10.  Ogle    and   Winnebago   counties. 

11.  From    State    street    west    on    57th    place    to 
Rock    Island    tracks,    north    to    Garfield    boule- 
vard  (55th   street),    west   to   South   Cicero   ave- 
nue,   south    to   87th.    east    to  Western   avenue, 
south  to  107th.  east  to  Halsted.   north  to  103d. 
east  to  Stewart  avenue,  north  to  99th.   east  to 
State,    north    to   57th   place.     (Southwest   side.) 

12.  Stephenson.   Jo  Daviess  and   Carroll  counties. 
IS.  From  Indiana  avenue  east  on  138th  to  Illinois 

and  Indiana  state  line,  north  to  Lake  Michi- 
gan, northwest  alone  lake  shore  to  63d,  west 
to  Cottage  Omve  avenue,  south  to  71st.  west 
to  State,  south  to  99th.  west  to  Stewart  ave- 
nne,  south  to  103d.  west  to  Halsted,  south  to 


107th:   and  all  that  part  of  the  town  of  Calu- 
met  ^lying  outside  the  city  of  Chicago.     (Soutn 

14.  Kane  and  Kendall  counties. 

15.  From    the   river   west   on    Maxwell    to   John- 
son    south   to  14th.    west   to  Throop.    south   to 
16thl™weus-t   to   Hoyne   avenue,    south   to   Illinois 


16.  Marshall,    Putnam,   Livingston   and  Woodford 

17  From  the  river  west  on  Van  Buren  to 
Loomis,  south  to  Taylor,  west  to  Laflin.  south 
to  16th.  east  to  Throop.  north  to  14th,  east 
^to  Johnson,  north  to  Maxwell,  east  to  river 
along  river  northwest  to  Van  Buren.  (West 

18.  Peoria   county. 

19TlHnnm     S°rtt\ff:i£er0     &VenUe     *™t     OH     39th     to 

[llinois  and  Michigan  canal,  northeast  along 
canal  to  Central  Park  avenue,  north  to  24th 
east  to  Clifton  Park  avenue,  north  to  C  B 
&  Q.  tracks,  northeast  along  tracks  to  Cali- 
fornia avenue,  north  to  12th.  east  to  Western 
avenue,  north  to  Washington  boulevard,  west 
to  Homan  avenue,  north  to  Kinzie,  west  to 
fcouth  Cicero  avenue,  south  to  12th.  west  to 
Austin  avenue:  also  the  citv  of  Berwyn  and 
the  town  of  Riverside.  (West  side  ) 

20.  Kankakee,    Grundy    and    Iroquois    counties. 

21.  From   Ashland  avenue  west  on   Chicago  ave- 
nue   to   Park   avenue,    south    to   Lake,    west   to 
Austin    avenue,    south    to   12th.    east    to    South 
Kenton   avenue,    north   to  Kinzie.    east   to   Ho- 
man,   south   to  Washington   boulevard,    east   to 
Ashland     avenue,     north     to     Kinzie,     east     to 
Green,    north  to  Milwaukee  avenue,    northwest 
to    Cornell     west    to    Holt,    north    to   Augusta, 
west    to    Ashland    avenue,    south    to    Chicago 
avenue.      (West    side.) 

22.  Vermilion    and   Edgar  counties. 

23.  From    Austin    avenue   east   on    Lake   to   Park 
avenue.N    north     to     Chicago    avenue,     east     to 
Ashland   avenue,   north   to  North  avenue,   west 
to   Harlem   avenue:   and   village  of   Oak   Park. 

I  WPSt     S1QC.) 

24.  Champaign.    Piatt  and   Moultrie  counties 

25.  From  Western  avenue  west  on  Devon  avenue 
Fulton   and    Hamilton   to   city   limits,    south   on 
Winter  to  Everill  avenue,   east   to  73d  avenue 
south    to   Bryn    Mawr    avenue,    east    to    North 
Maynard   avenue,   south   to   Irving   Park   boule- 
vard,  west  to  Harlem  avenue,   south   to  North 
avenue,   east  to  Robey.   north  to  Fullerton  ave- 
nue.   east    to   river,    northwest    along   river    to 
Belmont     avenue,     east     to     Western     avenue 
north    to    Devon    avenue.      (Northwest    side  ) 

26.  Ford   and   McLean   counties. 

27.  From  the  river  west  on   Fullerton  avenue   to 
Robey,  south  to  North  avenue,  east  to  Ashland 
avenue,  south  to  Augusta,  east  to  Holt,  south 
to   Cornell,    east   to    Milwaukee   avenue     south- 
east  to  Green,    south   to   Kinzie.    west   to   Ash- 
land avenue,   south  to  Madison,   east  to  South 
Racine    avenue,    south   to   Van    Buren.    east   to 
river   and    northwest    along  river   to   Fullerton 
avenue.      (West   side.) 

28.  Logan,    DeWitt    and    Macon   counties. 

29.  From    Lake    Michigan    west    on    Schiller    to 
State,    south    to    Goethe,    west    to    Sedgwick 
north    to    Sigel.     west    to    Cleveland    avenue. 
south    to    Clybonrn    avenue,    northwest   to   Lar- 
rabee.     south    to    Division,    west    to    Halsted. 
south    to    river,    thence    along    river   southeast 
and  east  to   Lake   Michigan,    north  along  lake 
shore  to  Schtllpr.     (North  side.) 

30.  Tnzewell.    Mnson,    Menard,    Cass,    Brown    and 
Schuyler  oonntlps. 

31.  From   Lake  Michigan  west  on   Devon  avenue 
to  Olark   street,   south   and   southeast  to  Irving 
Park  honlevard.    e^st  to   Racine   avenue,    pouth 
to  Fu'lorton  avenue,   east  to  Halsted.  south  to 
North    avenue,    west   to   river,    southeast    along 
river    to    Halsted.    north    to    Division,    east    to 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


807 


Larrabee.  north  to  Clybourn  avenue,  southeast 
to  Cleveland  avenue,  north  to  Sigel,  east  to 
Sedgwick.  south  to  Goethe,  east  to  State, 
north  to  Schiller,  east  to  Lake  Michigan,  north 
and  northwest  along  lake  shore  to  Devon  ave- 
nue. (North  side.) 

32.  McDonough.    Hancock    and    Warren    counties. 

33.  Kock  Island.   Mercer  and  Henderson  counties. 

34.  Douglas,    Coles   and   Clark   counties. 

35.  Whiteside,    Lee   and  DeKalb   counties. 

36.  Scott,    Calhoun.    Pike   and    Adams   counties. 

37.  Henry.    Bureau   and   Stark   counties. 

38.  Greene,    Montgomery.    Jersey    and    Macoupiu 
counties. 

39.  LaSaTle    county. 

40.  Christian.    Shelby,    Fayette    and    Cumberland 
counties. 


41.  DuPage   and   Will   counties. 

42.  Clinton,    Marion.    Clay    and    Effingham    coun- 
ties. 

43.  Knox    and    Fulton    counties. 

44.  Washington.    Randolph,     Perry,    Monroe    and 
Jackson  counties. 

45.  Morgan  and   Sangamon   counties. 

46.  Jefferson,      Wayne,      Richland      and      Jasper 
counties. 

47.  Madison  and  Bond  counties. 

48.  Hardin,    Gallatin.    White.    Edwards.   Wab'ash. 
Lawrence    and    Crawford    counties. 

49.  St.    Clair    county. 

50.  Franklin.    Williamson,    Union.   Alexander  and 
Pulaski    counties. 

51.  Hamilton.   Saline.    Pope.   Johnson  and  Massac 
counties. 


Bushel  of—          Pounds. 

Alfalfa  seed 60 

Apples,    green 50 

Apples,  dried 24 

Barley    48 

Beans,   green  or 

string    24 

Beans,  wax 24 

Beans,   white 60 

Beans,  castor 46 

Beets 60 

Blue  grass  seed 14 

Bran    20 

Buckwheat    52 

Carrots    50 

Charcoal   20 

Clover  seed 60 

Coal  80 

Coke    40 

Corn  seed,    broom 48 

Corn    meal,    unbolted  48 

Corn   in   ear 70 

Corn,   kafir 56 

Corn,    shelled 56 

Cotton  seed 32 


ILLINOIS    WEIGHTS    AND    MEASURES. 

Established  by  act  of  June  21.   1913. 


Bushel  of—  Pounds. 

Cranberries     33 

Cucumbers   48 

Emmer  40 

Flax  seed 56 

Flour,  wheat,  barrel. 196 

Half  barrel 98 

Quarter  barrel  sack  49 
Eighth  barrel  sack  24^2 

Gooseberries   40 

Hair,   plastering,   un- 
washed       8 

Washed    4 

Hemp    seed 44 

Hickory    nuts 50 

Hnngar'n   grass   seed  50 
Indian  corn  or  maize  56 

Lime    80 

Milt    38 

Millet   50 

Millet.    Japanese 35 

Oats  32 

Onions    57 

Onion   sets,    top 30 

Onion   sets,   bottom..  82 


Bushel  of—  Pounds. 

Orchard   grass  seed..  14 


Osage  orange  seed 

Parsnips   50 

Peaches   48 

Peaches,    dried 33 

Peanuts,    green 22 

Peanuts,    roasted 20 

Pears  58 

Peas,   dried 60 

Peas,   green,    in   pod.  32 

Popcorn,   in  ear 70 

Popcorn,    shelled 56 

Potatoes,   Irish 60 

Potatoes,    sweet 50 

Quinces    48 

Rape    seed 50 

Red  top  seed 14 


Pounds. 

45 

50 

50 

56 

55 

50 


50 


Bushel  of — 
Rough    rice.. 
Rutabagas   . . 
Rye   meal — 
Rye    

fait,    coarse, 
alt.    fine.... 

Shorts  

Sorghum  seed 

Spelt   40 

Spinach   12 

Sweet     clover     seed, 

unhulled    33 

Timothy  seed 45 

Tomatoes    56 

Turnips    55 

Walnuts    50 

•Wheat    60 

Whenever  any  of  the  following  articles  are  sold 

by    the   cubic   yard    and   the    same    are   weighed. 

the  following  weights  shall  govern: 

Crushed  stone,   2.500  pounds.   1  cubic  yard. 

Bank   sand,   2,500   pounds.   1   cubic   yard. 

Torpedo  sand,   3.000  pounds,   1  cubic  yard. 

Gravel,  3,000  pounds.  1  cubic  yard. 


THIRTY-THIRD  DIVISION  A.  E.  F.  ASSOCIATION. 

Organized  ait  Brest.  France,  May  8.   1919. 


President — Col.  John  V.  Clinnin,  Chicago, 
130th  regiment. 

First  Vice-President — Capt.  Charles  A.  Plamon- 
don,  Chicago,  122d  artillery 

Second  Vice-President— Lieut.-Col.  James  L. 
Oliver.  Benton.  130th  infantry. 

Third  Vice-President— Sergt.  Donald  J.  Bear. 
Sycamore.  129th  infantry. 

Fourth  Vice-President— Capt.  Charles  M.  Por- 
ter. Pontiac.  131st  infantry. 

Fifth  Vice-President— Sergt.  Charles  Stopp,  Jr., 
Chicag-o.  123d  artillery. 


Sixth  Vice-President— Sergt.  Benjamin  Lippln- 
cott.  4303  North  Kildare  avenue*  Chicago. 
108th  ammunition  train. 

Recording  Secretary— Capt.  Albert  V.  Becker. 
10949  Vernon  avenue.  Chicago,  132d  in- 
lantry. 

Financial  Secretary— Lieut.-Col.  D.  Meyers.  Jr.. 
Pontiac,  129th  infantry. 

Quartermaster— Lieut.-Col.  Walter  J.  Fisher. 
3953  Jackson  boulevard.  Chicago.  108th  am- 
munition train. 

Chaplain— Capt.  Charles  F.  Lauer.    Shelbyville. 


ILLINOIS    STATE    COUNCIL     OF     DEFENSE    ENDS  ITS  WORK. 


The  State  Council  of  Defense  of  Illinois 
terminated  its  career  of  usefulness  Nov.  21. 
1919.  the  final  meeting-  being  held  on  that 
date  at  the  office  of  Samuel  Insull.  the  chair- 
man, at  72  West  Adams  street.  Chicago.  In 
the  course  of  its  existence  the  council  expend- 
ed a  little  more  than  $190.000,  but  it  handled 
a  total  of  8447,646.51,  of  which  $306.146.51 
was  profit  from  the  lake  front  war' exposition 
and  was  turned  over  to  the  national  commit- 
tee on  public  information  at  Washington.  The 
remainder.  $141,500,  was  profit  from  the  seed 


corn    campaign    and    was    turned    over    to    the 
department  of   agriculture. 

Besides  Mr.  Insull,  the  members  of  the  coun- 
cil were  J.  Ogden  .Armour,  B.  F.  Harris,  Dr. 
Frank  Billings.  Mrs.  Bowen.  John  H.  Harri- 
son. Levy  Mayer.  John  G.  Oglesby.  Victor  A. 
Olander.  David  E.  Shanahan.  John  A.  Spoor. 
Fred  W.  Upham.  Charles  H.  Wacker  and  John 
H.  Walker.  John  P.  Hopkins  served  as  sec- 
retary until  his  death  on  Oct.  13,  1918.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Roger  C.  Sullivan. 


OH,    BURNING    AMERICAN    STEAMERS. 


When  the  construction  program  of  the 
United  States  shipping  board  is  completed 
there  will  be  under  the  American  flag  1,731 
oil  burning  steamers  of  an  aggregate  of  near- 


ly  10,000,000  dead  weight  tons.     On  Nov.   1,  I  under  construction. 


1919.  there  were  486  oil  burning  ships  in  the 
government  merchant  fleet  ^nd  sixty -seven 
others  had  been  sold  to  Americans.  Six  hun- 
dred and  thirty-six  oil  burning  vessels  were 


808 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


ILLINOIS    STATE    CENTRAL    COMMITTEES. 

Elected  Sept.  11.  1918. 


REPUBLICAN. 
Headquarters— Chicag-o. 
Chairman— Frank  L.  Smith,  Dwight. 
Secretary— Justus  L.   Johnson,   Aurora. 
Treasurer— Charles  H.  Sergei,   Chicago. 

l!tAdolph  Marks,    115   S.   State-st..    Chicago. 

2.  Charles    H.    Sergei.    4578    Oakenwald-av., 

3.  Harry    A.    Lewis.    6629    Harvard-av.,    Chi- 

4.  Thoma's  J.  Finucane.  2912  Loomis  street, 

5.  WilUanf  Sikyta,  1800  South  Morgan  street, 

6.  Leland   S."  Rapp,    29    South   Oakley  boule- 

vard,  Chicago. 

7.  John  P.  Garner.  617  North  Central  avenue, 

8.  William    J.    Anderson,    1347    West    Huron 

street,  Chicago. 

9.  Fred  W.  Upham.  2344  Lincoln  Park  west, 

10.  G.  W^Pauilin.    1902  Sheridan-rd,   Evanston. 

11.  Justus  L.    Johnson.    Aurora. 

12.  Adam  C.  Cliffe,   Sycamore. 

13.  James  P.  Overholser.   Sterling. 

14.  Walter  A.  Rosenfleld,   Rock  Island. 

15.  George  H.  Wilson.  Quincy. 

16.  Garrett  DeF.  Kinney,  Peoria. 

17.  Frank  L.  Smith,  Dwight. 

18.  Len  Small,  Kankakee. 

19.  Henry  P.  Harris,  Monticello. 

20.  S     Elmer   Simpson,    Carrollton. 

21.  Lewis  H.  Miner,   Springfield. 

22.  Cicero  J.  Lindly,   Greenville. 

23.  George   A.   Brown,    Brownstown. 

24.  Noah  C.  Bainum,  Carmi. 

25.  Henry  H.  Kohn,  Anna. 

DEMOCRATIC. 

Headquarters— Hotel   Sherman.   Chicago. 
Chairman— Ernest  Hoover,   Taylorville. 
Secretary— Isaac  B.  Craig.  Mattoon. 
Treasurer— Henry  Stuckart,  Chicago. 

l!  John    J.    Coughlin,    2034    Indiana    avenue, 

2.  James3 Joseph  Kelly,   4310  Vincennes  ave- 

3.  Terrence  F.  Moran,  5634  South  Ada  street. 
4 '  Ifichaefj*.  Donkin,   2451  South  California 
5.  BarJTp.    CoS"  926    West    19th    street, 

6    Stephen™!).     Griffin.     2935     West     Adams 
street,   Chicago. 

7.  William  Kells,   649  North  Sawyer  avenue, 

8.  JameTo^onnor,  327  South  Racine  avenue. 

9.  Edmond°Mulcahy.  160  East  Ontario  street, 

10.  John   P.    Dougherty,    6145    Glenwood    ave- 

nue, Chicago. 

11.  Thomas   F.   Donovan,    Johet. 

12  William   F.   McNamara.    LaSalle. 

13.  Douglas  Pattison.  Freeport. 

14  Ira  J    O'Hara,  Macomb. 

15.  Jackson  R.  Pearce.  Quincy 

16  James  M.   Daugherty.   Chillicothe. 

17.  T.   F.   Clinton,   Pontiac. 

18.  James  Dwyer,  Danville. 

19.  Isaac   B.   Cmig.   Mattoon. 

20.  Charles  R.  Barnes,  Nebo. 

21  Ernest  Hoover,   Taylorville. 

22  Jerry  J.  Kane.  East  St.  Louis. 

23  George  W.  FtthlaB.   Newton. 

24  Val  B.  Campbell.  McLeansboro. 
25.  Reed  Green.  Cairo. 


SOCIALIST. 

Headquarters— Room   312,    803  W.  Madison-st. 
Dist.         State    Central   Commit teemen. 

1.  Arthur    E.    Halm,    2708    Calumet    avenue, 

Chicago. 

2.  Charles  V.  Johnson,  11353  Stephenson  ave- 

nue,  Chicago. 

3.  Claude   F.    Neider,    332    West   70th    street. 

Chicago. 

4.  Louis  Cejka,  2740  S.  Turner-av.,  Chicago. 

Chicago.  • 

5.  Charles    Toepper,   418    Elgin   avenue.    For- 

est Park. 

6.  H.  E.  Wickwire,  3334  West  Madison  street, 

Chicago. 

7.  Thomas    L.    Slater.    648    North    Lexington 

avenue,  Chicsgo. 

8.  (Vacancy.) 

9.  William  Acker.   539  Rush  street,  Chicago. 

10.  James   W.   Marshall,   4955  North   Western 

avenue.   Chicago. 

11.  F.  L.  Raymond,  Aurora. 

12.  Frank   H.  Hall,   Rockford. 

13.  Clarence  C.  Brooks,  Dixon. 

14.  Edgar  Owens,  Moline. 

15.  J.  C.  Sjodin,   Galesburg. 

16.  Louis  Bierman,  Peoria. 

17.  (Vacancy.) 

18.  Clarence  B.   Adams.   Danville. 

19.  Stephen  L.  Wood,  Decatur. 

20.  Oliver  J.  McCune,   Beardstown. 

21.  John  Olson,  Spring-field. 

22.  Thomas  H.  Whitehead,   Alton. 

23.  Sidney   Sullens,   Trenton. 

24.  Ernest  Gifford.   Eldorado 

25.  U.  S.  A.  Gadbois.  Villa  Ridge. 


PROHIBITION. 
Elected  April  11,   1916. 
Headquarters — Springfield. 
Chairman— Robert   H.   Patton,    Springfield. 
Secretary— George  W.  Woolsey.  Bloomington. 
Dist. 

1.  Leo    F.    Jeanmene,    608    South    Dearborn 

street,  Chicago. 

2.  Oliver  W.   Stewart.   Indianapolis.   Ind. 

3.  Charles  G.  Kindred,   6421  Stewart  avenue, 

Chicago. 

4.  William   Berg.    2443   S.  St.  Louis  avenue. 

Chicago. 

5.  Amos    H.    Leaman,    639    W.    18th    street, 

Chicago. 

6.  Mrs.   O.   W.   Dean,    727   Oakley  boulevard. 

Chicago. 

7.  Mrs.  Maude  M.  Mahler.  Franklin  Park. 

8.  Mrs.    O.    L.    Stangeland,    1208    West    Erie 

street,   Chicago. 

9.  J.     M.     Hestenes.     1502     Hudson     avenue, 

Chicago. 

10.  Charles   R.   Jones,   Evanston. 

11.  Alonzo     E.     Wilson,     106     North     LaSalle 


street,  Chicago. 
.  K.   Hook.   Gran 
13.  F.  D.  Lahman.  Franklin  Grove. 


12.  F.  K.   Hook.   Grand  Ridge. 


14.  J.  J.  Milne,   Monmouth. 

15.  H.  O.  Mrnson.   Rushville. 

16.  L.   J.   Kendall.   LaMoille. 

17.  Marion   Gallnp.   Pontiac. 

18.  George  W.  Woolsey.  Bloomington. 

19.  John  I>.   Watson.    Sullivan. 

20.  Irvin  C.  Woodrum.   Tallula. 
11.   Robert  H.  Patton.    Springfield. 
?2.  Rev.   E.   G.   Burritt.    Greenville. 
23.  John   H.   Shup,   Newton, 

°4.  Van  DeSullins.  Metropolis. 
25.  H.  A.  Dubois,  Cobden. 

At    Large. 

Mrs.  Bionville  Tovey.   Gnlesburg. 
Mrs.   Mary   A.    Wittemore.   Peoria. 
Mrs.  Florence  S.  Hyde,  Chicago. 
Miss  Clara  Hamm.  El  Paso. 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


809 


COOK    COUNTY    COMMITTEES. 


COOK    COUNTY    REPUBLICAN    EXECUTIVE 

COMMITTEE. 
Headquarters— Union  hotel,  72  West  Randolph 

street. 

Chairman — Homer  K.   Galpin. 
Vice-Chairman — Martin  B.  Madden. 
Treasurer — LeRoy   Millner. 
Secretary— William  H.  Weber. 
Assistant    Secretary — George   Walker. 

^Francis  P.  Brady.  119  East  20th  street. 

2.  Martin  B.  Madden.   701  Tacoma  building-. 

3.  Robert  R.  Levy.  4639  Prairie  avenue. 

4.  Georg-e  J.  Feser.  3232  Princeton  avenue. 

5.  Edward   R.   Litsing-er,    1119  Conway  bldg-. 

6.  Roy   O.    West.    1340   First   National   Bank 

building1. 

7.  Isaac  N.  Powell.   39  South  LaSalle  street. 

8.  Walter  E.  Schmidt.  7315  South  Shore  ave- 

nue. 

9.  Edward  E.  Erstman.  11300  Forrest ville-av. 

10.  Thomas  Curran.   2023  S.  Racine-av. 

11.  Charles    V.    Barrett.    140    N.    Dearbonr-st. 

12.  A.  W.  Miller.   3135  Carlisle  place. 

13.  David  W.  Clark.  3125  Warren  avenue. 

14.  A.  N.  Todd.  514  North  Hamlin  avenue. 

15.  Niels  Juul,    1127  N.   Sacramento  avenue. 

16.  Joseph  P.  Kinsella.   Humboldt  park  refec- 

tory. 

17.  Lewis  D.  Sitts.  1471  Grand  avenue. 

18.  Homer  K.  Galpin.   1348  Otis  building. 

19.  Christopher  Mamer.  720  Reaper  block. 

20.  Morris  Eller.   1301  South  Peoria  street. 

21.  Oscar  Hebel.   1342  North  Dearborn  street. 

22.  Charles   K.   Kempf.    913    Concord   place. 

23.  Edward  J.   Brundagre.    110    S.   Dearborn-st. 

24.  Leonard  A.  Brundage.  2210  Clifton  avenue. 

25.  George  K.  Schmidt.  1604  Clybourn  avenue. 

26.  John  C.  Cannon.  4047  N.  Hermitage-av. 

27.  LeRoy  Millner.   734  Otis  building-. 

28.  Joseph  F.  Haas.   2712  Fullerton  avenue. 

29.  Ernest  Withall.  5435  S.  Hermitage  avenue. 

30.  Thomas  J.   Healy.   35th-st.  and  Archer-av. 

31.  William  H.   Reid.   608   city  hall. 

32.  Charles  A.  Williams,  69  W.  Washington-st. 

33.  George   Hitzman.   3554  Dickens   avenue. 

34.  Charles   Vavrik.    1823   South   Harding-av. 

35.  Charles   J.    Peters.    1429    North    Avers-av. 

Dist  Country  Districts. 

1.  John  Mackler,  347  W.  16th  street,  Chicago 

Heights. 

2.  William  H.  Weber.  Blue  Island. 

3.  Peter  M.  Hoffman.  240  Lee-st..  Des  Plaines. 

4.  Joseph    Carolan,    277    Park    avenue.    River 

Forest. 

5.  William  Busse.  Mount  Prospect. 

6.  Dr.    Frank     H.     Anderson,     1413     Sherman 

avenue,    Evanston. 


MANAGING    COMMITTEE    OF    THE    DEMO- 
CRATIC PARTY    OF    COOK   COUNTY. 

Headquarters— Parlor  "A."   Hotel  Sherman 
Chairman — James   M.    Dailey.    549    W.    31st-st. 
Secretary— William  P.  Feeney,  17  N.  LaSalle-st. 
Assistant    Secretary— John    F.    Quinlan,     Hotel 

Sherman. 

Treasurer— Henry  Stuckart,  204  city  hall. 
Ward. 

1.  Michael  Kenna.  307  South  Clark  street. 

2.  Wm.  J.   Graham.   511   county  building-. 

3.  Thos.  D.  Nash.   Ill   W.  Washington  street. 

4.  James  M.  Dniley.   549  West  31st   street. 

5.  Patrick    J.   Carr.    910    South   Michigan-av. 

6.  John    P.    Gibbons.    327    South    LaSalle-st. 

7.  James  M.  Whalen.    537  county  building. 

8.  John  H.   Mack.    233   county  building. 

9.  John  J.  Leonard.   217  county   building-. 

10.  Joseph  W.  Cermak.  1441  West  18th  street. 

11.  A.  J.  Sabath,   79  West  Monroe  street. 


Ward. 

12.  A.   J.   Cermak.    3347  West   26th   street. 

13.  Martin  J.  O'Brien,   217  county  building-. 

14.  Patrick  A.  Nash.  10  South  LaSalle  street. 

15.  Thos.  P.  Keane,  233  county  building. 

16.  Stanley   H.    Kunz,    1349   Noble   street. 

17.  Joseph  Rushkewicz,   204   city  hall 

18.  Bernard  J.    Grogan,  1160  W.  Van   Buren-st. 

19.  John  Powers.  162  West  Washington  street 

20.  Dennis  J.  Egan.  804  city  hall. 

21.  John  F.   O'Malley.    545   Peoples   Gas   bldg. 

22.  Rudolph  L.   Schapp,   337  county  building 

23.  Joseph  L.  Gill,  county  building. 

24.  Frank  F.  Roeder,  3021  Southport  avenue 

25.  Harry  R.  Gibbons,  212  county  building- 

26.  Henry  A.  Zender.   547  county  building.' 

27.  Neil  Murley,  3553  Elston  avenue 

28.  (Vacancy.) 

29.  Emmett   Whealan.   2349  West  63rd  street. 

30.  James  M.  Heffernan.  929  West  53rd  place 

31.  Michael  K.  Sheridan.  315  county  building. 

32.  Frank  ,J.  Walsh.  542  West  65th  street. 

33.  Timothy  J.  Crowe.   212  county  building. 

34.  Jos.    O     Kostner,    1404    Independence-blvd. 

35.  Wm.  P.  Feeney.  17  North  La  Salle  street. 

Country  Districts. 

Barrington— G.  M.  Wagner,  Barrington. 
Berwyn— Chas.    Zitnik.    1317   South   Oak   Park 

avenue.  Berwyn. 

Bloom— J.   T.  Murphy.  Chicago  Heights. 
Calumet— F.    Synakiewicz,    468    Orang-e   street. 

Blue  Island. 
Cicero— Jos.  A.  Becker,  1530  South  56th  court. 

Cicero. 
Elk  Grove— Edward  V.  Harz,  Elk  Grove,  P.  O. 

Arlington  Heights. 

Evanston— F.  H.  McCulloch.  112  W.  Adams-st. 
Hanover— M.  D.  O'Brien.   Bartlett. 
Leyden— Edward  J.   Voelkel,   Franklin  Park. 
Lyons— James    G.   Wolcott.   La    Grange. 
Maine — Ning-   Eley.    Des   Plaines 
New  Trier— William  E.  Hess,   Wilmette. 
Northfield— H.    M.    McCullen.    Glenview. 
Norwood  Park— A.  Ksiazyk.  Norwood  Park.  P. 

O..  Jefferson  Park. 

Oak  Park— Ross  C.  Hall,   309   S.  Scoville  ave- 
nue. Oak  Park. 

Palatine — Henry  J.  Harz.  Palatine. 
Palos— Dan  McMahon.  Palos  Park. 
Proviso — Joseph  McCullogh,  547  Desplaines 

avenue.  Forest  Park. 

River  Forest — Thos.  E.  McBride.  River  Forest. 
Riverside— F.    S.   McClory.    Riverside. 
Stickney — Albert  Hermann.  Oak  Lawn. 
Thornton — W.  A.   Harrison.   Homewood. 
Worth— E.    H.    Poehlsen.    238    South    Western 

avenue.   Blue  Island. 


SOCIALIST  PARTY  OF  COOK  COUNTY. 

Headquarters— Room   311.    803  W.   Madison-st. 

Chairman — Robert   H.   Howe. 

Treasurer — J.   Louis    Ensrdahl. 

Secretary — Miss  Ellen  Persons. 

Finance  Committee — Mrs.  Caroline  Urie,  Oliver 
C.  Wilson,  Barney  Berlin.  Thoims  Slater. 
F  E.  Wiokwi^.  Morris  Blacknll.  Samuel 
Gollant,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Karsten,  Adolph  Bayer. 


LABOR   PARTY. 

Headquarters— 1 66   W«?t   Washington   street. 
Secretary   Pro   Tern. — Frank   J.   Esper. 


COMMUNIST   PARTY. 

Headquarters — 1219  Blue  Island  avenue. 
Executive  Secretary— C.  E.  Ruthenberg-. 
International  Secretary— Louis  C.  Fraina. 


810 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


ILLINOIS   LEGISLATION   IN 

1.  Make 


Following-  were  some  of  the  more  important 
laws  enacted  by  the  51st  general  assembly  at 
the  regular  biennial  session  beginning-  Jan.  8 
and  ending-  June  30.  1919: 

CIVIL  ADMINISTRATIVE    CODE. 

Section  6  and  63  of  an  act  entitled  "An 
act  in  relation  to  the  civil  administration  9f 
the  state  government,  and  to  repeal  certain 
acts  therein  named."  are  amended  to  read  as 
follows : 

Sec.  6.  Advisory  and  nonexecutive  boards,  in 
the  respective  departments,  are  created  as  fol- 
lows: 

In   the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

A  board  of  agricultural  advisers,  composed 
of  fifteen  persons,  and  a  board  of  state  fair 
advisers  consisting  of  nine  persons,  not  more 
than  three  of  whom  shall  be  appointed  from 
any  one  county. 

In  the  Department  of  Labor. 

A  board  of  Illinois  free  employment  office 
advisers,  composed  of  five  persons. 

A    board    of    local    Illinois    free   employment 
office  advisers,  for  each  free  employment  office, 
composed  of  five  persons  on  each  local  board. 
In  the  Department  of  Public   Works. 

A  board  of   art  advisers,  composed  of  eight 

PeASboard  of  water  resource  advisers,  composed 

of  five  persons.  „ 

A  board   of  highway  advisers,   composed   of 

flVA  bSSP'of  Parks  and  buildings  advisers, 
composed  of  five  persons. 

In   the  Department  of  Public    Welfare. 
A    board    of    public    welfare    commissioners, 
composed  of  five  persons. 

In  the  Department  of  Public  Health. 
A  board  of  public  health  advisers,  composed 
of  five  persons. 

In  the  Department  of  Registration  and 

Education. 

A  board  of  natural  resources  and  conserva- 
tion advisers,  composed  of  seven  persons. 

A  board  of  state  museum  advisers,  composed 
of  five  persons. 

The  immigrants  commission,  composed  01 
five  members,  one  of  whom  shall  be  the 
director  of  the  department  of  registration  and 

The  members  of  each  of  the  above  named 
boards  shall  be  officers. 

Sec.  63.  The  board  of  natural  resources  and 
conservation,  acting  through  five  or  more  sub- 
committees each  of  which  shall  be  composed 
of  the  director  of  registration  and  education, 
the  president  of  the  University  of  Illinois, 
his  representative,  and  the  expert  adviser  spe- 
cially qualified  in  each  of  the  fields  of  inves- 

tliatlConsider  and  decide  all  matters  pertaining 
to  natural  history,  geology,  water  and  water 
resources,  forestry,  and  allied  research,  inves- 
tigational  and  scientific  work. 

2.  Select   and    appoint,    without   reference   to 
the    state    civil    service    law.    members    of    the 
scientific    staff,    prosecuting    and    research,    m- 
vestigational  and  scientific  work. 

3.  Co-operate  with  the  University  of  Illinois 
in  the  use  of  scientific  staff  and  equipment. 

4.  Co-operate   with    the  various   departments 
in  research,  investigational  and  scientific  work 
useful  in  the  prosecution  of  the  work  in  any 
department. 

The  board  of  state  museum  advisers  shall 
advise  the  director  of  education  and  registra- 
tion in  all  matters  pertaining-  to  maintenance, 
extension  and  usefulness  of  the  state  museum. 

The  immigrants  commission   shall: 


1919. 

a  survey  of  the  immigrant,  alien 
born  and  foreign  speaking  people  of  the  state, 
and  of  their  distribution,  conditions  of  employ- 
ment and  standards  of  housing  and  living. 

2.  Examine  into  their  economic,  financial 
and  legal  customs,  their  provisions  for  insur- 
ance and  other  prudential  arrangements,  their 
social  organization  and  their  educational 
needs:  keeping-  in  friendly  and  sympathetic 
touch  with  alien  groups  and  co-operating  with 
state  and  local  officials,  and  with  immigrant 
or  related  authorities  of  other  states  and  of 
the  United  States.  (Approved  June  10.  1919.) 

CIVIL  ADMINISTRATIVE  CODE— STATE  TAX 
COMMISSION. 

Sections  5,  9  and  13  of  an  act  entitled  "An 
act  in  relation  to  the  civil  administration  of 
the  state  government,  and  to  repeal  certain 
acts  therein  named,"  approved  March  7.  1917, 
in  force  July  1.  1917.  are  amended,  and  there 
is  added  a  new  section  to  be  known  as  section 
39a,  which  sections  as  amended,  and  which 
new  section  shall  read  as  follows: 

Sec.  5.  In  addition  to  the  directors  of  de- 
partments, the  following  executive  and  admin- 
istrative officers,  boards  and  commissions, 
which  said  officers,  boards  and  commissions  in 
the  respective  departments,  shall  hold  offices 
hereby  created  and  designated  as  follows: 
In  the  Department  of  Finance. 

Assistant  director  of  finance. 

Administrative  auditor. 

Superintendent  of  budget. 

Superintendent  of  department   reports 

Statistician. 

The   tax  commission,   which   shall  consist   of 
three  officers  designated  as  tax  commissioners. 
In   the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Assistant  director  of   agriculture. 

General  manager  of   the  state  fair. 

Superintendent   of   foods   and  dairies. 

Superintendent  of  animal  industry. 

Superintendent  of  plant  industry. 

Chief   veterinarian. 

Chief  game  and  fish  warden. 

The  food  standard  commission,  which  shall 
consist  of  the  superintendent  of  foods  and 
dairies  and  two  officers  designated  as  food 
standard  officers. 

In  the  Department  of  Labor. 

Assistant  director  of  labor. 

Chief  factory  inspector. 

Superintendent   of    free   employment   offices. 

Chief  inspector  of  private  employment 
agencies. 

The  industrial  commission,  which  shall  con- 
sist of  five  officers  designated  as  industrial 
officers. 

In  the  Department  of  Mines  and  Minerals. 

Assistant  director  of  mines   and  minerals. 

The  mining  board,  which  shall  consist  of 
four  officers  designated  as  mine  officers  and  the 
director  of  the  department  of  mines  and  min- 
erals. 

The  miners'  examining  board,  which  shall 
consist  of  four  officers,  designated  miners'  ex- 
amining bfficers. 

In   the   Department   of   Public    Works  and 
Buildings. 

Assistant  director  of  public  works  and  build- 
ings. 

Superintendent  of  highways. 

Chief  highway  engineer. 

Supervising  architect. 

Supervising  engineer. 

Superintendent  of  waterways. 

Superintendent  of  printing. 

Superintendent    of    purchases    and   supplies. 

Superintendent  of  parks. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


811 


In    the   Department   of   Public    Welfare. 
Assistant  director  of  public  welfare. 
Alienist. 
Criminologist. 
Fiscal  supervisor. 
Superintendent    of    charities. 
Superintendent  of  prisons. 
Superintendent   of  pardons   and  paroles, 
t  In  the  Department  of  Public  Health. 

Assistant  director  of  public  health. 
Superintendent  of  lodging:  house  inspection. 
In  the  Department  of  Trade  and  Commerce. 
Assistant  director  of  trade  and  commerce. 
Superintendent   of  insurance. 
Fire  marshal. 

Superintendent   of   standards. 
Chief  grain  inspector. 

The  public  utilities  commission,  which  shall 
consist  of  five  officers,  desiemated  public  utility 
commissioners. 

Secretary  of  the  public  utilities  commission. 
In  the  Department  of  Registration  and 

Education. 

Assistant  director  of  registration  and  educa- 
tion. 

Superintendent  of  registration. 
The   normal    school   board,    which   shall  con- 
sist of  nine  officers,  together  with  the  director 
of   the  department   and  the   superintendent   of 
public  instruction. 

The  above  named  officers,  and  each  of  them, 
shall,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  act. 
be  under  the  direction,  supervision  and  control 
of  the  director  of  their  respective  departments, 
and  shall  perform  such  duties  as  such  director 
shall  prescribe. 

Sec.  9.  The  executive  and  administrative  offi- 
cers whose  offices  are  created  by  this  act,  shall 
receive  annual  salaries,  payable  in  equal 
monthly  installments,  as  follows: 

In  the  Department  of  Finance. 
The  director  of  finance  shall  receive  $7.000. 
The    assistant   director   of    finance    shall    re- 
ceive $4,200. 

The  administrative  auditor  shall  receive 
$4.800. 

The  superintendent  of  budget  shall  receive 
$3.600. 

The    superintendent    of    department    reports 
shall  receive  $3.600. 
The  statistician  shall  receive  $4.000. 
Each  tax  commissioner  shall  receive  $6,000. 

In  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 
The    director    of    agriculture     shall      receive 
$6.000. 

The  assistant  director  of  agriculture  shall  re- 
ceive $3.600. 

The  general  manager  of  the  state  fair  shall 
receive  $3.600. 

The  superintendent  of  foods  and  dairies  shall 
receive  $4.800. 

The  superintendent  of  animal  industry  shall 
receive  $3.600. 

The  superintendent  of  plant  industry  shall 
receive  $3.600. 

The  chief   veterinarian   shall   receive   $4.200. 
The  chief  game  and  fish  warden  shall  receive 
$3.600. 
Each  food  standard  officer  shall  receive  $450. 

In  the  Department  of  Labor. 
The  director  of  labor  shall  receive  $5.000. 
The  assistant  director  of  labor  shall  receive 
$3.000. 

The  chief  factory  inspector  shall  receive 
$3.000. 

The  superintendent  of  free  employment 
offices  shall  receive  $3,000. 

The    chief    inspector    of    private    employment 
agencies  shall  receive  $3.000. 
Each  industrial   officer  shall  receive   $5,000. 


In  the  Department  of  Mines  dnd  Minerals. 
The  director  of  mines  and  minerals  shall  re- 
ceive  $5.000 

The  assistant  director  of  mines  and  minerals 
shall   receive   $3.000. 
Each  mine  officer  shall  receive  $500. 
Each  miners'   examining  officer  shall  receive 
$1.800. 

In  the  Department  of  Public   Works  and 
Buildings. 

The  director  of  public  works  and  buildings 
shall   receive  $7.000. 

The   assistant   director   of   public  works    and 
buildings  shall  receive  $4.000. 

The    superintendent    of    highways    shall    re- 
ceive $5.000. 

The   chief   highway     engineer    shall     receive 
$5,000. 

The      supervising:      architect      shall      receive 
$4.000. 

The      supervising      engineer      shall      receive 
$4.000. 

The    superintendent    of    waterways    shall    re- 
ceive $5.000. 

The  superintendent   of  printing  shall  receive 
$5.000. 

The    superintendent    of    purchases    and    sup- 
plies shall  receive  $5.000. 

The    superintendent    of    parks    shall    receive 
$2.500. 

In    the   Department   of   Public    Welfare. 

The  director  of  public  welfare  shall  receive 
$7.000. 

The  assistant  director  of  public  welfare  shall 
receive  $4.000. 

The  alienist  shall  receive  $5.000. 

The  criminologist  shall  receive  $5.000. 

The  fiscal  supervisor  shall  receive  $5,000. 

The  superintendent  of  charities  shall  receive 
$5.000. 

The  superintendent  of  prisons  shall  receive 
$5.000. 

The  superintendent  of  pardons  and  paroles 
shall  receive  $5.000. 

In  the  Department  of  Public  Health. 

The  director  of  public  health  shall  receive 
$6.000. 

The  assistant  director  of  public  health  shall 
receive  $3,000. 

The  superintendent  of  lodging  house  inspec- 
tion shall  receive   $3.000. 
In  the  Department  of  Trade  and  Commerce. 

The  director  of  trade  and  commerce  shall 
receive  $7.000. 

The  assistant  director  of  trade  and  com- 
merce shall  receive  $4,000. 

The  superintendent  of  insurance  shall  re- 
ceive $5.000. 

The  fire  marshal  shall  receive  $3.000. 

The  superintendent  of  standards  shall  re- 
ceive $2.500. 

The  chief  grain  inspector  shall  receive 
$5,000. 

Each  public  utility  commissioner  shall  re- 
ceive $7.000. 

The  secretary  of  the  public  utilities  com- 
mission shall  receive  $4,000. 

In  the  Department  of  Registration  and 
Education. 

The  director  of  registration  and  education 
shall  receive  $5.000. 

The  assistant  director  of  registration  and 
education  shall  receive  $3.600. 

The  superintendent  of  registration  shall  re- 
ceive $4.200. 

Sec.  13.  Each  officer  whose  office  is  created 
by  this  act.  except  as  otherwise  specifically 
provided  for  in  this  act.  shall  hold  office  for 
a  term  of  four  years  from  the  second  Monday 
in  January  next  after  the  election  of  a  gover- 
nor, and  until  his  successor  is  appointed  and 
qualified. 


812 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Three  members  of  the  normal  school  board 
first  appointed  shall  hold  office  until  the  sec- 
ond Monday  in  January,  A.  D.  1919,  three 
until  the  second  Monday  in  January,  A.  D. 
1921,  and  three  until  the  second  Monday  in 
January,  A.  D.  1923.  After  the  expiration  of 
the  terms  of  office  of  those  first  appointed, 
their  respective  successors  shall  hold  office 
for  a  term  of  six  years. 

Of  the  tax  commissioners  first  appointed 
one  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  six  years, 
one  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  one  for  a 
term  of  two  years,  from  the  first  day  of  July, 
A.  D.  1919.  Thereafter  as  the  respective 
terms  of  office  expire  their  respective  suc- 
cessors shall  hold  office  for  a  term  of  six 
years. 

State   Tax   Commission. 

Sec.  39a.  The  state  tax  commission  created 
by  this  act  shall,  in  its  name,  without  any 
direction,  supervision  or  control  by  the  direc- 
tor of  finance,  exercise  and  discharge  all 
duties  now  or  hereafter  imposed  by  law  on  it 
with  reference  to  the  assessment  of  property 
for  taxation.  All  clerical  and  administrative 
functions  pertaining-  to  the  business  of  the 
tax  commission  shall  be  discharged  by  the 
director  of  finance,  who  shall,  for  that  pur- 
pose, act  as  its  secretary  and  executive  officer. 
(Approved  June  19,  1919.) 

STATE  TAX  COMMISSION^ASSESSMENTS. 

The  term  "local  assessment  officers,"  as  used 
in  this  act.  shall  mean  and  include  township 
assessors,  boards  of  assessors,  the  county 
treasurer  and  boards  of  review. 

Sec.  2.  The  tax  commission  shall: 

(1)  Direct  and  supervise  as  provided  by  this 
act  the  assessment  for  taxation  of  all  real  and 
personal  property  in  this  state  to  the  end  that 
all  assessments  of  property  be  made  relatively 
just  and  equal; 

(2)  Confer  with,   advise  and  assist  local  as- 
sessment officers  relative  to  the  assessment  of 
property  for  taxation; 

(3)  Prescribe   general  rules  and  regulations, 
not    inconsistent    with    law,    for    local    assess- 
ment   officers    relative    to    the    assessment    of 
property  for  taxation,  which  general  rules  and 
regulations  shall  be  binding  upon  all  local  as- 
sessment officers  and  shall  be  obeyed  by  them 
respectively   until   reversed,    annulled   or   modi- 
fied by  a  court  of  competent  jurisdiction: 

(4)  Prescribe  or  approve  the  form  of  blanks 
for  schedules,  returns,  reports,  complaints,  no- 
tices   and    other   documents,    files    and    records 
authorized  or  required  by  and  provision  of  law 
relating  to  the  assessment  of  property,   or  b.v 
any  rule  and  regulation  of  the  commission,  and 
all  assessing  officers   shall   use   true    copies   of 
such  blank  forms: 

(5)  Assess  the  railroad  property  denominated 
"railroad   track"   and   "rolling  stock"; 

(6)  Assess    and    value,    in    the   manner    pro- 
vided by  law,  the  capital   stock,  including-  the 
franchise,     of    all    companies    or    associations 
now  or  hereafter  incorporated  under  the  laws 
of    this    state,    except    companies    and   associa- 
tions  organized  for  purely  manufacturing  and 
mercantile  purposes,  or  for  either  of  such  pur- 
poses,   or  for  the  mining  and   sale   of  coal   or 
for  printing  or  for  the  publishing  of  newspa- 
pers,   or    for    the    improving    and    breeding    of 
stock,    or  for  the  purpose  of  banking,  includ- 
ing any   of   such   property   as   may  have   been 
omitted  from  assessment  in  any  year  or  years, 
or  which,   from  defective  description,   has  not 
paid  any  taxes  for  any  year  or  years: 

(7)  Equalize  the  valuation  and  assessment  of 
"property  throughout  the  state  between  the  dif- 
ferent counties  of  the  state  and  fix  the  aggre- 
gate amount  of  the  assessment  for  each  county 
upon  which  taxes  shall  be  extended: 

(8)  Keep  a  correct  record  of  its  acts  and  do- 


ings relative  to  the  assessment  of  property  and 
the  equalization  of  assessments. 
Sec.  3.     The  tax  commission  shall  have  power: 

(1)  To    require    local    assessment    officers   to 
meet   with  it  from  time  to  time  for  the  pur- 
pose   of    considering  matters   relative   to   taxa- 
tion: 

(2)  To  formulate  and  recommend  legislation 
for  the  improvement  of  the  system  of  taxation 
of    property    and   for    the   equalization    of    the 
taxation   of   the   state; 

(3)  To  make  such  research  and  investiga- 
tion as  to  the  properties  of  corporations  and 
the  true  values  of  the  franchise  and  prop- 
erties of  all  corporations  incorporated  under 
the  laws  of  this  state,  except  companies  and 
associations  organized  for  purely  manufactur- 
ing and  mercantile  purposes,  or  for  either  of 
such  purposes,  or  for  the  mining  and  sale  of 
coal,  or  for  printing  or  for  the  publishing  of 
newspapers,  or  for  the  improving  and  breeding 
of  stock,  or  for  the  purpose  of  banking,  as 
will  enable  it  to  ascertain  the  fair  cash  value 
of  the  capital  stock,  including  the  franchise, 
of  such  corporations  as  are  assessed  by  it  and 
to  obtain  such  further  data  and  information 
upon  which  general  rules  and  regulations  may 
be  based: 

(4)  To  investigate  the  tax  systems  of  other 
states  and  countries: 

(5)  To   request   the   institution   of   proceed- 
ings,   actions   and  prosecutions   to   enforce   the 
laws   relating   to   the    penalties,    liabilities    and 
punishment   of  public   officers,   persons,    or  of- 
ficers or  agents  of  cprporations  for  failure  or 
neglect  to  comply  with  this  act; 

(6)  To  order  in  any  year  a  reassessment  of 
all  real  and  personal  property,  or  real  or  per- 
sonal property,  or  any  class  of  personal  prop- 
erty, in  any  county,  or  in  any  assessment  dis- 
trict  thereof,    when   in   its   judgment    such   re- 
assessment  is   desirable   or  necessary,    and   for 
that  purpose  to  cause  such  reassessment  to  be 
made    by    the    local    assessment    officers,    and 
cause  it  to  be  substituted  for  the  original  as- 
sessment : 

(7)  To    take    testimony    and    proofs    under 
oath  and  to  require  the   production  of  books, 
papers  and  documents  pertinent  to  any  assess- 
ment,   investigation    or    inquiry    and    for    that 
purpose  to  subpoena  and  compel  the  attendance 
of  witnesses: 

(8)  To  require  from  all  state  and  local   of- 
ficers  such    information    as    may   be    necessary 
for  the  proper  discharge  of  its  duties: 

(9)  To  examine  and  make  memoranda  from 
all    records,    books,    papers,    documents,    state- 
ments of  account  on  record  or  on  file  in   any 
public    office   of    the   state    or    of    any   county, 
township,    road    district,    city,    village,    incor- 
porated   town,     school    district    or    any    other 
taxing  district  of  the  state,   and  all  public  of- 
ficers having   charge   or   custody   of    such   rec-  , 
ords    shall    furnish    to    the    commission    infor- 
mation  of   any   and    all   matters   on   file   or   of 
record   in   their   respective    offices: 

(10)  To    adopt,    from    time    to    time,    rules 
not  inconsistent  with  law,  for  ascertaining  the  < 
fair  cash  value  of  the  capital  stock,  including  ; 
the  franchise,    of   corporations   assessed  by   it.  j 

Sec.  4.  Certified  copies  of  the  records  of  the  < 
tax  commission  pertaining  to  the  assessment  i 
of  property  and  the  equalization  of  assess-  \ 
ments.  attested  by  the  seal  of  the  department  j 
of  finance,  shall  be  received  in  evidence  in  all, 
courts  with  like  effect  as  certified  copiea  ofl  . 
other  public  records. 

Sec.  5.  Each  officer  in  the  tax  commission, 
each  employe  of  the  C9mmission  and  each  other 
competent  person  specially  delegated  in  writing 
for  that  purpose,  shall  have  the  power  to  ad- 
minister all  paths  authorized  or  required  un- 
der the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  6.  Any  sheriff,   constable   or  other  per- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


813 


son  may  serve  any  subpoena  issued  under  the 
provisions   of  this  act. 

Sec.  7.  The  fees  and  mileage  of  witnesses 
attending  any  hearing  held  by  the  tax  commis- 
sion under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  pur- 
suant to  any  subpoena,  shall  be  the  same  as 
those  pf  witnesses  in  civil  cases  in  the  Circuit 
cerurt  in  counties  of  the  second  class.  Such 
fees  and  mileage  shall  be  paid  by  the  state. 

Sec.  8.  In  case  any  person  refuses  to  comply 
with  any  subpoena  issued  by  the  tax  commis- 
sion, or  to  produce  or  to  permit  the  examina- 
tion or  inspection  of  any  books,  papers  and 
documents  pertinent  to  any  assessment,  in- 
vestigation or  inquiry,  or  to  testify  to  any 
matter  regarding  which  he  may  be  lawfully 
interrogated,  the  Circuit  court  or  County  court 
of  the  county  in  which  such  matter  or  hear- 
ing is  pending,  on  application  of  the  tax  com- 
mission, shall  compel  obedience  by  attachment 
proceedings  as  for  contempt,  as  in  a  case  of 
disobedience  of  the  requirements  of  a  sub- 
poena from  such  court  on  a  refusal  to  testify 
therein. 

Sec.  9.  Upon  the  completion  of  the  original 
assessments  to  be  made  by  the  tax  commis- 
sion, it  shall  publish  a  full  and  complete  list 
of  such  assessments  in  the  state  "official  news- 
paper." Any  person  o"  corporation  feeling 
aggrieved  by  any  such  assessment  may,  within 
ten  days  of  the  date  of  publication  of  such 
"official  newspaper"  containing  such  list,  apply 
to  the  tax  commission  for  a  review  and  cor- 
rection of  the  assessment  complained  of.  Upon 
such  review  the  tax  commission  may  make 
such  correction,  if  any,  therein  as  may  be  just 
and  right. 

Sec.  10.  Any  person  feeling  himself  ag- 
grieved by  any  assessment  made  by  the  tax 
commission  may  appeal  to  the  Circuit  court 
of  the  county  in  which  such  property  or  some 
part  thereof  is  situated,  for  the  purpose  of 
having  the  lawfulness  of  such  assessment  in- 
quired into  and  determined. 

The  person  taking  such  appeal  shall  file 
with  the  tax  commission  written  notice  of  such 
appeal,  which  notice  shall  state  in  full  the 
grounds  of  such  appeal.  Such  notice  of  ap- 
peal shall  be  filed  within  ten  days  after  such 
assessment  is  made  and  notice  given  thereof. 
Thereupon  the  tax  commission  shall  prepare 
and  transmit  to  the  clerk  of  the  court  to 
which  such  appeal  is  taken  a  copy  of  such 
notice  of  appeal  and  a  copy  of  all  evidence, 
documents,  papers,  books  and  files  pertaining 
to  such  appeal,  which  copies  shall  be  certified 
to  as  correct  by  the  director  of  finance.  The 
appeal  shall  be  heard  without  formal  plead- 
ings upon  the  record  so  certified  by  the  tax 
commission.  Appeals  shall  lie  from  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Circuit  court  to  the  Supreme 
court.  The  remedy  by  appeal  herein  pro- 
vided for  shall  not  be  construed  to  be  exclusive 
Sec.  11.  No  appeal  to  the  Circuit  court  from 
an  assessment  made  by  the  tax  commission 
shall  stay  or  suspend  any  assessment  or  the 
extension  of  any  taxes  thereon.  If  the  court, 
by  its  final  judgment,  should  set  aside  or  re- 
duce such  assessment,  and  the  taxes  so  er- 
roneously assessed  shall  have  been  paid,  the 
person  or  corporation  so  erroneously  paying 
such  taxes  shall  be  entitled  to  a  refund  there- 
of as  provided  by  section  268  of  an  act  en- 
titled "An  act  for  the  assessment  of  prop- 
perty  and  for  the  levy  and  collection  of  taxes," 
approved  March  30.  1872.  in  force  July  1, 
fl872. 

Reassessments. 

Sec.  12.  Whenever  it  shall  appear  to  the 
tax  commission  that  the  real  or  personal  prop- 
erty in  any  county,  or  in  any  assessment  dis- 
trict thereof,  has  not  been  assessed  in  sub- 
stantial compliance  with  law.  or  has  been 
unequally  or  improperly  assessed,  the  tax  com- 
mission may.  in  its  discretion,  in  any  year 


order  a  reassessment  for  such  year  of  all  or 
any  class  of  the  taxable  property  in  such 
county,  or  assessment  district  thereof.  The 
tax  commission  may  order  such  reassessment 
made  by  the  local  assessment  officers.  The 
order  directing  such  reassessment  shall  be  filed 
in  the  office  of  the  county  treasurer  of  the 
county  in  which  such  reassessment  has  been 
ordered,  except  in  counties  having  an  elective 
board  of  review,  in  which  case  such  order  shall 
be  filed  with  the  board  of  review. 

Sec.  13.  Such  reassessment  shall  be  made  in 
the  same  manner  and  subject  to  the  same  laws 
and  rules  as  an  original  assessment  and  shall 
be  subject  to  review  and  correction  toy  the 
board  of  review  as  in  case  of  an  original  as- 
sessment. 

Sec.  14.  For  the  purpose  of  reviewing  and 
equalizing  such  reassessment,  the  board  of 
review  of  the  county  in  which  the  reassess- 
ment is  made  shall  review  and  correct  such 
reassessment.  The  tax  commission  shall  fix 
the  time  and  place  of  the  meeting  of  the  board 
of  review  to  review  and  correct  such  reassess- 
ment. At  least  one  week  before  the  meeting 
of  such  board  of  review  to  review  and  correct 
such  reassessment  the  board  of  review  shall 
publish  a  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  its 
meeting  for  such  purpose  in  at  least  one  news- 
paper of  general  circulation  published  in  the 
county  in  which  such  reassessment  is  made. 
The  board  of  review  shall  convene  at  the  time 
and  place  fixed  in  such  order  and  shall  re- 
view, correct,  return  and  certify  such  reassess- 
ment in  like  manner,  and  shall  have  and  exer- 
cise all  the  power  and  authority  given  to 
boards  of  review  and  shall  be  subject  to  all 
the  restrictions,  duties  and  penalties  of  such 
boards. 

Sec.  15.  Such  local  assessment  officer  while 
engaged  in  making  such  reassessment  shall 
have  custody  and  possession  of  the  assessment 
books  containing  the  original  assessment  and 
all  property  and  other  statements  and  memo- 
randa relating  thereto,  and  the  person  having1 
the  custody  thereof  shall  deliver  such  assess- 
ment books  and  such  property  to  the  local  as- 
sessment officer  on  demand.  He  shall,  in  mak- 
ing such  reassessment,  have  all  the  power  and 
authority  given  by  law  to  local  assessment  of- 
ficers and  shall  be  subject  to  all  the  restric- 
tions, liabilities  and  penalties  imposed  by  law 
upon  local  assessment  officers. 

Sec.  16.  Such  reassessment,  when  completed 
and  reviewed  as  provided  herein,  shall  be  the 
assessment  upon  which  taxes  for  that  year 
shall  be  levied  and  extended  in  the  county  or 
assessment  district  for  which  made. 

Sec.  17.  The  necessary  books,  records  and 
blank  forms  needful  for  the  purpose  of  such 
reassessment  shall  be  furnished  by  the  same 
authorities  that  furnish  books,  records  and 
blank  forms  for  an  original  assessment.  The 
local  assessment  officer  and  the  members  of  the 
board  of  review  when  convened  in  extraordi- 
nary session  for  the  purpose  of  making  such 
reassessment  or  of  reviewing  and  correcting 
the  same  shall  receive  the  same  compensation 
as  for  like  service  in  making,  or  in  reviewing, 
an  original  assessment,  which  compensation,  as 
well  as  all  other  expenses  in  making  the  re- 
assessment, shall  be  paid  by  the  county  on  the 
certificate  of  the  tax  commission. 

Equalization. 

Sec.  18.  The  tax  commission  shall  act  as  an 
equalizing  authority.  It  shall  examine  the 
abstracts  of  property  assessed  for  taxation  in 
the  several  counties  as  returned  by  the  county 
clerks  and  the  original  assessment  made  by  it, 
and  shall  equalize  the  assessments  as  in  this 
act  provided.  The  tax  commission  may  so 
lower  or  raise  the  total  assessed  value  of  prop- 
erty in  any  county  as  returned  by  the  county 
clerk  as  shall  make  the  property  in  such 
county  bear  a  just  relation  to  the  assessed 


814 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


value  of  property  in  other  counties.  The  total 
amount  of  such  increase  or  decrease  in  any 
one  county  shall  not  exceed  10  per  cent  of 
the  tot^l  assessed  value  of  all  property  in  the 
state  as  returned  for  purposes  of  taxation. 
The  tax  commission  shall  not  reduce  the  ag- 
gregate assessed  valuation  in  the  state;  nor 
shall  it  increase  such  aggregate  valuation, 
except  in  such  amount  as  may  be  necessary 
to  a  just  equalization. 

Sec.  19.  The  tax  commission  in  equalizing 
the  valuation  of  property  as  listed  and  as- 
sessed in  different  counties  shall  consider  the 
following-  classes  of  property  separately,  viz.: 
personal  property,  railroad  and  telegraph 
property,  lands,  town  and  city  lots  and  the 
-capital  and  other  property  of  public  utilities 
and  of  companies  and  .associations  assessed  by 
the  tax  commission  and,  upon  such  considera- 
tion determine  such  rates  of  addition  to  or 
deduction  from  the  listed  or  assessed  valua- 
tion of  each  of  such  classes  of  property  in 
eacn  county,  or  to  or  from  the  aggregate 
assessed  value  of  each  such  classes  in  the 
state  as  may  be  deemed  by  the  tax  commis- 
sion to  be  equitable  and  just:  such  rate  being 
in  all  cases  even  and  not  fractional;  and  such 
rates  as  finally  determined  by  the  tax  com- 
mission shall  not  be  combined. 

Sec.  20.  In  equalizing  the  value  of  personal 
property  between  the  several  counties,  the  tax 
commission  shall  cause  to  be  obtained  the 
state  averages  of  the  several  kinds  of  enu- 
merated property,  from  the  aggregate  footings 
of  the  number  and  value  of  each;  and  the 
value  of  the  several  kinds  of  enumerated  prop- 
erty in  each  county  shall  be  obtained  at  those 
average  values;  and  the  value  of  the  enu- 
merated property  thus  obtained,  as  compared 
with  the  assessed  value  of  such  property  in 
each  county,  shall  be  taken  by  the  tax  com- 
mission to  obtain  a  rate  per  cent  to  be 
added  to  or  deducted  from  the  total  assessed 
value  of  such  property  in  each  county. 
Whenever  in  the  opinion  of  the  tax  com- 
mission it  is  necessary,  to  a  more  just  and 
equitable  equalization  of  such  property,  that 
a  rate  per  cent  be  added  to  or  deducted  from 
the  value  thus  obtained  in  any  one  or  more 
of  the  counties,  the  tax  commission  shall  have 
the  right  so  to  do;  but  the  rate  per  cent 
heretofore  required  shall  first  be  obtained  to 
form  the  basis  upon  which  the  equalization 
of  personal  property  shall  be  made. 

Sec.  21.  Lands  shall  be  equalized  by  add- 
ing- to  the  aggregate  assessed  value  thereof, 
in  every  county  in  which  the  tax  commission 
may  believe  the  valuation  to  be  too  low,  such 
rate  per  centum  as  will  raise  the  same  to  its 
proper  proportionate  value,  and  by  deducting 
from  the  aggregate  assessed  value  thereof,  in 
every  county  in  which  the  tax  commission  may 
believe  the  valuation  to  be  too  high,  such  per 
centum  as  will  reduce  the  same  to  its  proper 
value.  Town  and  city  lots  shall  be  equalized 
in  the  same  manner  herein  provided  for  equal- 
izing lands,  and  at  the  option  of  the  tax  com- 
mission may  be  combined  and  equalized  with 
lands. 

Sec.  22.  When  the  tax  commission  shall 
have  separately  considered  the  several  classes 
of  property  as  hereinbefore  required,  the  re- 
sults shall  be  combined  in  one  table,  and  the 
same  shall  be  examined,  compared  and  per- 
fected in  such  manner  as  the  tax  commission 
shall  deem  best  to  accomplish  a  just  equali- 
zation of  assessments  throughout  the  state, 
preserving,  however,  the  principle  of  separate 
rates  for  each  class  of  property. 

Sec.  23.  In  all  cases  of  partial  return  from 
any  county  where  the  number  of  defaulting 
towns  or  districts  does  not  exceed  one- third  of 
the  whole  number  of  towns  or  districts  in 
the  county,  the  tax  commission  may  estimate 
the  valuation  in  the  towns  or  districts  from 


which  returns  have  not  been  received  and  may 
equalize  the  total  valuation  as  in  other  cases. 

Sec.  24.  When  the  t*x  commission  shall 
have  completed  its  equalization  of  assessments 
for  any  year,  it  shall  certify  to  the  several 
county  clerks  the  rates  finally  determined  by 
it  to  be  added  to  or  deducted  from  the  listed 
or  assessed  valuation  of  each  class  of  prop- 
erty in  the  several  counties.  The  respective 
assessments  made  by  it  on  the  capital  stock, 
including  the  franchise,  of  corporations  as- 
srssed  by  it  (other  than  of  the  capital  stock 
of  railroads  and  telegraph  companies)  shall  be 
certified  by  it  to  the  county  clerks  of  the  re- 
spective counties  in  which  such  companies  or 
associations  are  located.  And  said  clerk 
shall  extend  the  taxes  for  all  purposes  on  the 
respective  amounts  so  certified,  the  same  as 
may  be  levied  on  the  other  property  in  such 
towns,  districts,  villages  or  cities  in  which 
such  companies  or  associations  are  located.  It 
shall  also  certify  to  the  county  clerk  of  the 
proper  counties  the  assessments  of  "railroad 
track"  and  "rolling  stock,"  and  the  assess- 
ments of  the  capital  stock,  including  the  fran- 
chise, of  railroad  and  telegraph  companies. 
And  the  county  clerk  shall  distribute  the  value 
so  certified  to  him  to  the  county  and  to  the 
several  towns,  districts,  villages  and  cities  in 
his  county  entitled  to  a  proportionate  value  of 
such  "railroad  track"  and  "rolling  stock,"  and 
capital  stock,  and  shall  extend  taxes  against 
such  values  the  same  as  a.gainst  other  prop- 
erty in  such  towns,  districts,  villages  and 
cities. 

Miscellaneous. 

Sec.  25.  All  records,  books,  papers,  docu- 
ments and  memoranda  pertaining  to  the  state 
board  of  equalization  shall,  upon  the  taking 
effect  of  this  act,  be  transferred  and  delivered 
to  the  tax  commission. 

Sec.  26.  On  and  after  the  taking  effect  of 
this  act  all  the  powers  and  duties  now  con- 
ferred or  imposed  upon  the  state  board  of 
equalization  and  upon  the  auditor  of  public 
accounts  in  relation  to  the  assessment  of 
r-roperty  for  taxation  shall  be  transferred  to 
and  thereafter  shall  be  exercised  and  per- 
formed by  the  tax  commission. 

Sec.  27.  Whenever,  in  any  law  relating  to 
the  assessment  of  property  for  taxation,  ab- 
stracts, reports,  or  schedules  or  other  papers 
or  documents,  are  required  to  be  filed  with,  9r 
any  duty  is  imposed  upon,  or  power  vested  in 
either  the  auditor  of  public  accounts  or  the 
state  board  of  equalization,  such  abstracts,  re- 
ports, schedules,  or  other  papers  or  docu- 
ments shall  be  filed  with,  such  duty  and 
power  shaM  be  discharged  and  exercised  by 
the  tax  commission. 

Sec.  28.  Nothing  contained  in  this  act  shall 
be  construed  to  give  the  tax  commission  any 
power,  jurisdiction  or  authority  to  review,  re- 
vise, correct  or  change  any  individual  assess- 
ment made  by  any  local  assessment  officer. 

Repeal. 

Sec.  29.  The  following-  acts  and  parts  of 
acts  are  hereby  repealed : 

Sections  100  to  116,  both  inclusive,  of  an 
act  entitled  "An  act  for  the  assessment  of 
property  and  for  the  levy  and  collection  of 
taxes,"  approved  March  30.  1872.  in  force 
July  1,  1872.  and  amendments  thereto: 

Sections  50  and  51  of  an  act  entitled  "An 
act  for  the  assessment  of  property  and  provid- 
ing the  means  therefor,  and  to  repeal  a  cer- 
tain act  therein  named,"  approved  Feb.  25. 
1898.  in  force  July  1,  1898.  and  amendments 
thereto. 

Sec.  25  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  in  re- 
gard to  elections,  and  to  provide  for  filling- 
vacancies  in  elective  offices."  approved  April 
3.  1872.  in  force  July  1,  3872.  (Approved 
June  19.  1919.) 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAB-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


815 


CONSTITUTIONAL  CONVENTION. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.:  That  at  the  hour  of  12 
o'clock  noon,  on  the  6th  day  of  January, 
1920,  a  convention  to  revise,  alter  or  amend 
the  constitution  of  the  state  of  Illinois  shall  i 
meet  in  the  hall  of  the  representatives  of  the 
general  assembly  in  the  capitol  building,  in 
the  city  of  Springfield.  The  secretary  of  state 
shall  take  such  steps  as  may  be  necessary  to 
prepare  the  hall  of  the  representatives  for  the 
meeting  of  the  convention. 

Sec.  2.  The  convention  shall  consist  of  102 
delegates.  Two  delegates  shall  be  elected  in 
and  from  each  district  entitled  by  law  to  elect 
a  senator  to  the  general  assembly.  Delegates 
shall  possess  the  same  qualifications  as  state 
senators.  The  governor,  or  the  person  exer- 
cising the  powers  of  governor,  shall  issue 
writs  of  election  to  fill  vacancies  In  the  con- 
vention. 

Sec.  3.  A  primary  election  for  the  nomina- 
tion of  candidates  for  the  position  of  delegate 
shall  be  held  on  the  10th  day  of  September, 
1919.  All  provisions  of  law  in  force  at  such 
time,  and  applying  to  the  nomination  of  can- 
didates for  the  office  of  state  senator,  shall  to 
the  extent  that  they  are  not  in  conflict  wjth 
the  terms  of  this  act,  apply  to  .the  primary 
election  herein  provided  for. 

Vacancies  created  by  the  death  of  or  the 
declination  of  the  nomination  by  any  person 
nominated  as  a  candidate  for  the  position  of 
delegate  shall  be  filled  in  the  manner  provided 
by  law  for  the  filling  of  similar  vacancies 
occasioned  by  the  death  of  or  declination  of 
the  nomination  by  any  person  nominated  as  a 
candidate  for  the  office  of  state  senator. 

Independent  nominations  for  the  position  of 
delegate  may  be  made  in  the  manner  now  pro- 
vided by  law  for  the  nomination  of  independ- 
ent candidates  by  petition. 

Sec.  4.  The  delegates  shall  be  chosen  at  an 
election  to  be  held  on  the  4th  day  of  No- 
vember, 1919.  Such  election  shall  be  con- 
ducted in  conformity  with  the  laws  then  in 
force  relating  to  elections  for  state  senators, 
to  the  extent  that  such  laws  are  applicable. 

All  votes  cast  in  the  election  for  delegates 
shall  be  tabulated,  returned  and  canvassed  in 
the  manner  then  provided  by  law  for  the  tabu- 
lation, return  and  canvass  of  votes  cast  in 
elections  for  state  senators. 

The  official,  or  officials,  charged  with  the 
duty  of  issuing  certificates  of  election  to  per- 
sons elected  to  the  office  of  state  senator  shall 
issue  certificates  of  election  to  all  persons  duly 
elected  as  delegates. 

Election  contests  for  membership  in  the  con- 
vention shall  be  heard  and  determined  by  the 
convention. 

Sec.  5.  Each  delegate  before  entering  upon 
his  duties  as  a  member  of  the  convention  shall 
take  an  oath  to  support  the  constitutions  of 
the  United  States  and  9f  the  state  of  Illi- 
nois, and  to  discharge  faithfully  his  duties  as 
a  member  of  the  convention.  In  going  to  and 
returning  from  the  convention  and  during  the 
sessions  thereof  the  delegates  shall,  in  all  cases 
except  treason,  felony  or  breach  of  the  peace, 
be  privileged  irom  arrest:  and  they  shall  not 
be  questioned  in  any  other  place  for  any 
speech  or  debate  in  the  convention. 

Sec.  6.  Each  delegate  shall  receive  for  his 
services  the  sum  of  S2.000  payable  at  any 
time  after  the  convention  is  organized.  The 
•delegates  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  mileage 
as  is  paid  to  the  members  of  the  general 
assembly,  to  be  computed  by  the  auditor  of 
public  accounts.  The  delegates  shall  receive 
no  other  allowance  or  emolument  whatever, 
except  the  sum  of  $50  to  each  delegate,  which 
shall  be  in  full  for  postage,  stationery,  news- 
papers, and  all  other  incidental  expenses  and 
perquisites.  The  pay  and  mileage  allowed  to 


each  delegate  shall  be  certified  to  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  convention  and  entered  on  the 
journal  of  the  convention. 

Sec.  7.  The  convention  shall  determine  the 
rules  of  its  procedure,  shall  be  the  judge  of 
the  election,  returns,  and  qualifications  of  its 
members,  and  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  pro- 
ceedings. 

The  governor  shall  call  the  convention  to 
order  at  its  opening  session  and  shall  preside 
over  it  until  a  temporary  or  permanent  pre- 
siding officer  shall  have  been  chosen  by  the 
delegates. 

The  delegates  shall  elect  one  of  their  own 
number  as  president  of  the  cpnvention,  and 
they  shall  have  power  to  appoint  a  secretary 
and  such  employes  as  may  be  deemed  neces- 
sary. The  secretary  shall  receive  a  compensa- 
tion of  $15  per  day.  The  employes  of  the 
convention  shall  receive  such  compensation  as 
shall  be  determined  upon  by  the  convention. 

Sec.  8.  The  proceedings  of  the  convention 
shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of 
state.  The  revision  or  alteration  of  or  the 
amendments  to  the  constitution,  agreed  to  and 
adopted  by  the  convention,  shall  be  recorded 
in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state. 

The  revision  or  alteration  of  or  the  amend- 
ments to  the  constitution,  adopted  by  the  con- 
vention, shall  be  submitted  to  the  electors  of 
this  state  for  ratification  or  rejection,  at  an 
election  appointed  by  the  convention  for  that 
purpose,  not  less  than  two  months  nor  more 
than  six  months  after  the  adjournment  of  the 
convention.  The  convention  shall  determine 
the  manner  in  which  su^h  revision,  alteration 
or  amendments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  elec- 
tors. The  convention  shall  prescribe  the  man- 
ner and  form  in  which  such  revision,  altera- 
tion or  amendments  shall  be  published  prior 
to  the  submission  thereof  to  the  electors.  No 
such  revision,  alteration  or  amendments  shall 
take  effect  unless  approved  by  a  majority  of 
the  electors  voting  at  such  election. 

The  convention  shall  designate  or  fix  a  day 
or  days  upon  which  such  revision,  alteration 
or  amendments,  if  adopted  by  the  voters,  shall 
become  effective. 

Sec.  9.  Notices  of  the  election  to  be  called 
by  the  c&nvention  shall  be  given  in  the  man- 
ner and  form  prescribed  by  the  convention. 
The  convention  shall  prescribe  the  manner 
and  form  of  voting  at  such  election,  and  the 
ballots  for  use  in  such  election  shall  be  printed 
accordingly,  by  the  officials  charged  with  the 
duty  of  printing  ballots  for  use  in  general 
elections. 

The  votes  cast  at  such  election  shall  be  tab- 
ulated, returned  and  canvassed  in  such  manner 
as  may  be  directed  by  the  convention. 

Sec.  10.  Every  person  who,  at  the  time  of 
the  holding  of  any  primary  or  other  election 
provided  for  in  this  act,  is  a  qualified  elector 
under  the  constitution  and  laws  of  this  state, 
shall  be  entitled  to  vote  in  such  election. 

The  primary  and  other  elections  provided 
for  in  this  act  shall  be  held  at  the  places 
fixed  by  law  for  the  holding  of  general  elec- 
tions and  shall  be  conducted  by  the  officials, 
judges  and  clerks  charged  with  the  duty  of 
conducting  general  elections. 

All  laws  then  in  force  in  relation  to  the 
registration  of  voters  in  primary  and  general 
elections,  and  all  laws  then  in  force  for  the 
prevention  of  fraudulent  and  illegal  voting, 
shall  be  applicable  to  the  primary  and  other 
elections  provided  for  in  this  act. 

All  laws  in  force  governing  elections  and  not 
inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
or  with  powers  exercised  under  the  terms  here- 
of, shall  apply  to  and  govern  elections  held 
under  the  terms  of  this  act. 

Sec.  11.  The  convention  shall  have  power 
to  punish  by  imprisonment  any  person,  not  a 


816 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


member,  who  shall  be  guilty  of  disrespect  to 
the  convention,  by  disorderly  or  contemptuous 
behavior  in  its  presence.  But  no  such  im- 
prisonment shall  extend  beyond  twenty-four 
hours  at  any  one  time,  unless  the  person  shall 
persist  in  such  disorderly  or  contemptuous  be- 
havior. Commitments  for  disorderly  or  con- 
temptuous behavior  in  the  presence  of  the 
convention  shall  be  made  in  the  manner  now 
provided  by  law  for  the  commitment  of  per- 
sons guilty  of  disrespect  to  the  general  assem- 
bly. 

Sec.  12.  It  shall  be  the  dvty  of  all  public 
officers  to  furnish  the  convention  with  any  and 
all  statements,  papers,  books,  records  and  pub- 
lic documents  that  fhe  convention  shall  re- 
quire. The  convention  and  its  committees 
shall  have  the  same  power  to  compel  the  at- 
tendance of  witnesses,  or  the  production  of 
papers,  books,  records  and  public  documents, 
as  is  now  exercised  by  the  general  assembly, 
and  its  committees,  under  the  provisions  of  an 
act  entitled  "An  act  to  revise  the  law  in  re- 
lation to  the  general  assembly,"  approved  and 
in  force  Feb.  25.  1874. 

Sec.  13.  The  sum  of  $500,000,  or  so  much 
thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  ap- 
propriated for  the  payment  of  salaries  and 
other  expenses  properly  incident  to  the  con- 
stitutional convention.  The  auditor  of  public 
accounts  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to 
draw  warrants  on  the  state  treasurer  for  the 
foregoing  amount  or  any  part  thereof,  upon 
the  presentation  of  itemized  vouchers  certified 
to  as  correct  by  the  president  of  the  constitu- 
tional convention  or  the  acting  president  of 
the  convention.  All  printiner.  binding-,  sta- 
tionery and  other  similar  supplies  for  the  con- 
stitutional convention  shall  be  furnished 
through  the  dQn?>Hmont,  of  nnbli'*  works  and 
building-s.  (Approved  June  21.  1919.) 
Compilation  of  Data. 

The  joint  legislptive  reference  bureau  shall 
compile  and  publish  in  pamphlet  form  or 
otherwise,  for  the  use  of  the  members  of  the 
convention,  such  information  and  data  as  may 
be  deemed  n°cessary.  nnd  sh^l  famish  or 
render  to  the  delegates  such  other  information 
or  assistance  as  may  be  requested.  For  the 
purpose  of  carrying-  out  the  provisions  of  this 
act  there  is  appropriated  the  sum  of  $10,000. 
(Approved  June  9.  1919.) 

ILLINOIS  WATERWAY. 

By  the  provisions  of  an  act  approved  June 
17,  1919,  the  state  of  Illinois  is  authorized  to 
take  possession  of  the  lands  or  premises  now 
belonging  to  the  state  which  were  granted  ,^to 
it  by  the  federal  government  or  became  its 
property  in  connection  with  the  construction 
of  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal.  The  de- 
partment of  public  works  and  buildings  is 
authorized  to  prevent  encroachment?  upon  the 
Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  throughout  its  en- 
tire course  as  originally  constructed,  and  to 
preserve  its  navigable  condition  throughout 
its  entire  course,  and  it  may,  when  the  permis- 
sion of  the  federal  government  is  obtained, 
change  and  improve  said  canal'  to  provide 
terminal  and  harbor  facilities  for  interchange 
of  freight  or  for  any  other  use  in  connection 
with  transportation  which  the  department  may 
depm  advantageous  to  the  state. 

Following  are  the  main  provisions  of  the  act, 
approved  June  17.  1919,  to  construct,  operate 
and  maintain  a  deep  waterway  from  Lockport 
to  a  point  in  the  Illinois  river  at  or  near 
Utica : 

A  deep  waterway  shall  be  constructed  from 
the  water  power  plant  of  the  sanitary  district 
of  Chicago,  at  or  near  Lockport  in  the  town- 
ship of  Lockport.  in  the  county  of  Will,  to  a 
point  in  the  Illinois  river  at  or  near  Utica. 
Such  waterway  shall  be  known  as  "the  Illi- 
nois waterway." 


The  general  route  of  "the  Illinois  waterway" 
shall  be  as  follows:  Commencing  at  the  wa- 
ter power  plant  of  the  sanitary  district  of 
Chicago,  at  or  near  Lockport,  in  the  township 
of  Lockport,  in  the  county  of  Will,  thence 
through  the  tail  race  of  the  sanitary  district 
of  Chicago  to  the  junction  of  such  tail  race 
and  the  Des  Plaines  river,  the  Des  Plaines  river 
and  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  through  the 
city  of  Joliet,  the  Des  Plaines  river  to  the  Illi- 
nois river  and  the  Illinois  river  to  a  point 
therein  at  or  near  Utica. 

If.  in  the  judgment  of  the  department  of 
public  works  and  buildings,  the  utilization  of 
sections  of  the  Illinois  and  Des  Plaines  rivers 
is  not  practicable  or  feasible,  then  the  gen- 
eral route  above  described  may  be  deviated 
from  in  such  sections  and  in  lieu  thereof  the 
Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  may  be  used  and 
improved,  or  channels  outside  of  such  rivers 
may  be  constructed. 

The  channel  of  the  Illinois  waterway,  where 
practicable,  shall  be  not  less  than  150  feet 
bottom  'width.  The  minimum  depth  of  channel 
in  the  earth  sections  shall  be  not  less  than 
eight  feet  and  in  the  rock  sections  not  less 
than  ten  feet.  The  minimum  depth  over  miter 
sills  of  the  locks  shall  be  not  less  than  four- 
teen feet.  The  minimum  width  of  locks  shall 
be  not  less  than  110  feet  and  the  minimum 
length  shall  be  not  less  than  600  feet  usable 
length. 

The  general  assembly  declares  and  finds  that 
"the  Illinois  waterway"  along  the  route  herein 
defined,  with  the  minimum  width  and  depth 
of  channel  herein  prescribed,  is  practicable  for 
a  general  plan  and  scheme  of  a  deep  waterway 
and  is  deemed  most  advantageous  for  such 
plan  of  deep  waterway. 

The  construction,  maintenance,  control  and 
operation  of  "the  Illinois  waterway"  and  its 
appurtenances  shall  devolve  upon  the  depart- 
ment of  public  works  and  buildings. 

Subject  to  the  conditions  and  limitations 
prescribed  by  this  act,  and  subject  to  any  con- 
ditions and  limitations  which  the  federal  gov- 
ernment or  the  officers  thereof  may  lawfully 
impose,  the  department  of  public  works  and 
buildings  shall  have  power: 

(1)  To  prepare  plans  and   specifications  for 
the    construction    of    "the    Illinois    waterway" 
and  its  appurtenances; 

(2)  To    construct,     control,     manage,     main- 
tain   and    operate    such   waterway   and  its   ap- 
purtenances: 

(3)  To  use  or  to  lease,  in  whole  or  in  part, 
the  surplus   waters  of   such   waterway   or  the 
power  developed  therefrom: 

(4)  To     construct,     maintain     and     operate 
power    plants,     structures,    biiildings    and    ap- 
pliances relative  thereto  for  the  utilization  of 
the  surplus  waters  arising  from  the  construc- 
tion,   maintenance   or   operation   of   the   water- 
way, and  to  lease,  sell  or  otherwise  dispose  of 
the  whole    or   any   part   of   the-  electrical    cur- 
rent or  energy  thereby  generated: 

(5)  To  establish  and  collect  reasonable  rates 
of   toll   for   the   passage   through    and  the  use 
of   such  waterway,  dams,   locks  and   other  ap- 
purtenances   within    the    limits    of    the    state, 
but  such  waterway  and  its  appurtenances  shall 
be    free    for    the    transportation    of    any   prop- 
erty   of   the    United    States    or   persons   in   the 
service  thereof   passing  through  the  same: 

(6)  To  prescribe  reasonable  rules  and  regu- 
lations   in    respect    to    all    matters    connected 
with  the  navigation  and  use  of  such  waterway 
and  its  appurtenances: 

(7)  To   acquire  by  donation,   purchase,    con- 
tract   or   exchange   any   property,    real   or   per- 
sonal, necessary  or  incident  to  the  construction, 
maintenance,    equipment,    operation    or    repair 
of   such   waterway  and  its   appurtenances: 

(8)  To  acquire  by   condemnation   under  the 
eminent  domain  laws  of  this  state  all  property 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


817 


necessary  to  be  taken  or  damaged  for  the 
construction,  maintenance,  operation  or  repair 
of  such  waterway  and  its  appurtenances: 

(9)  To  enter  upon   and  use   any  lands,    wa- 
ters, streams  and  materials  of  any  description, 
necessary    for    the    prosecution    of    the    works 
contemplated   by    this   act: 

(10)  To    repair,    replace   or   reconstruct    any 
and  all  public  bridges  along-  the  line  of   such 
waterway  in  order  to  provide  safe  and  suitable 
navigation    along    such    waterway,    and    to    re- 
quire   the    removal    or    alteration    of    bridges 
owned,   controlled  or  operated  by  private  cor- 
porations or  persons  which  hinder  or  obstruct 
navigation : 

(11)  To  exercise,  during  the  construction  of 
such   waterway,    police   jurisdiction   over   such 
waterway    and    its    appurtenances    throughout 
its  entire  extent  and  within  a  distance  of  one 
mile  on   either  side  thereof  outside  the  limits 
of  cities  and  villages,  and  to  prescribe  reason- 
able police  rules  and  regulations  for  the  pres- 
ervation of  the  public  peace,  the  protection  of 
property  and  the  conservation  of  health: 

(12)  To    prescribe    and   enforce,    during    the 
construction  of  such  waterway,   sanitary  regu- 
lations  for   all   camps,    boarding   and   rooming 
houses   and  dwellings   where    employes   of   the 
department  or  of  the  contractors  on  such  wa- 
terway and  its  appurtenances  are  domiciled: 

(13)  To  sell  and  disnose  of  any  machinery, 
tools,    fixtures,   stone,    debris,    material   or  per- 
sonal property  unnecessary  for  the  proper  man- 
agement,   construction,    repair    or    use    of    the 
waterway  or  its  appurtenances: 

(14)  To  sell  or  to  lease,  from  time  to  time, 
any   of   the  lands  or-  lots   acquired  for  use  in 
the  construction  of  such  waterway,   or  in  the 
development  of  power  incident  thereto  and  no 
longer    needed    for    the    maintenance,    use    and 
operation   of   such  waterway  or  water  power: 

(15)  To    employ,    without    reference    to    the 
state    civil    service    act.     as    many    engineers, 
draftsmen,    surveyors,    agents,    clerks,    superin- 
tending or  expert  help,  laborers  and  other  per- 
sons as  may  be  necessary  to  the  designing  and 
construction   of   the   waterway   and  its    appur- 

(16)  To    make    application    to    the    federal 
government  for  all  necessary  permits: 

(17)  To    make   all    contracts    and   to   do   all 
acts  necessary  to  carry  into  effect  the  powers 
herein   granted. 

In  the  construction  of  such  waterway  the 
department  of  public  works  and  -buildings  may 
proceed  in  either  of  the  following  ways: 

(1)  It    may    let    the    same    or    any    part    or 
portion  thereof  to  the  lowest  responsible  bid- 
der:  or 

(2)  It  may  do  the  same  or  any  part  or  por- 
tion thereof,  by  the  direct  employment  of  serv- 
ices, labor,  materials  and  equipment,  and  may 
procure  and  employ  for  such  purpose  the  nec- 
essary    superintendents,     agents,     office     force, 
laborers,  workmen,  implements,  tools,  machin- 
ery   and    all    other    employes,    equipment    and 
services   necessary    or   incidental   to    such   con- 
struction. 

The  gross  or  total  proceeds,  receipts  and  in- 
come arising  from  the  operation,  management 
and  maintenance  of  "the  Illinois  waterway" 
and  its  appurtenances,  including  all  receipts 
from  the  utilization  or  lease  of  water  power, 
shall  be  covered  into  a  special  fund  in  the 
treasury  which  shall  be  known  as  "the  water- 
way maintenance  fund." 

ILLINOIS  WATERWAY  BONDS. 
By  an  act  approved  June  17.  1919.  the  gov- 
ernor and  secretary  of  state  are  authorized  to 
have  prepared  and  from  time  to  time  to  ex- 
ecute and  deliver  to  the  state  treasurer  bonds 
of  the  state  of  Illinois  to  the  .  am.ount  of 
520,000.000  for  the  purpose  of  constructing 
the  deep  waterway. 


The  bonds  shall  be  known  as  Illinois  water- 
way bonds,  shall  be  of  the  denomination  of 
81.000  each,  numbered  from  1  to  20,0.00  both 
inclusive,  be  dated  the  1st  day  of  January. 
1920.  and  bear  interest,  evidenced  by  coupons, 
at  the  rate  of  4  per  centum  per  annum,  pay- 
able semiannually.  and  both  principal  and 
interest  shall  be  payable  at  the  office  of  the 
state  treasurer.  One  million  dollars  in  amount 
of  the  bonds  shall  become  due  on  the  1st 
day  of  Januiry  in  each  of  the  years  1921  to 
1940.  both  inclusive. 

VOCATIONAL  EDUCATION. 

That  all  of  the  provisions  and  benefits  of  an 
act  of  congress  entitled  "An  act  to  provide 
for  the  promotion  of  vocational  education:  to 
provide  for  co-operation  with  the  states  in 
the  promotion  of  such  education  in  agriculture 
and  the  trades  and  industries:  to  provide  for 
co-operation  with  the  states  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  teachers  of  vocational  subjects,  and  to 
appropriate  money  and  regulate  its  expendi- 
tures." approved  Feb.  23,  1917,  as  amended, 
hereinafter  referred  to  as  the  federal  voca- 
tional education  law,  are  hereby  .  accepted  by 
the  state  of  Illinois. 

Sec.  2.  There  is  hereby  established  the  board 
of  vocational  education.  The  board  of  voca- 
tional education  shall  consist  of  the  director  of 
registration  and  education,  the  superintendent 
of  public  instruction,  the  director  of  agri- 
culture, the  director  of  labor,  and  the  director 
of  trade  and  commerce. 

The  director  of  registration  and  education 
shall  be  the  chairman  of  the  board  of  voca- 
tional education.  ?nd  the  superintendent,  of 
public  instruction  shall  be  its  executive  officer. 

The-  director  of  registration  and  education, 
the  director  of  agriculture,  the  director  of  la- 
hor.  the  di'vctor  of  trade  and  commerce  and 
the  superintendent  of  public  instruction  shall 
serve  as  members  .of  the  board  of  vocational 
education  during  the  respective  terms  of  of- 
fice for  which  they  shall  have  been  appointed 
or  elected,  as  the  case  may  be. 

S?c.  3.  The  members  of  the  board  of  voca- 
tional education  shall  serve  without  compensa- 
tion, but  they  shall  be  reimbursed  for  their 
actual  and  necessary  expenses  incurred  in  the 
discharge  of  duties  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act. 

Sec.  4.  The  board  of  vocational  education 
shall  have  power  and  it  shall  be  its  duty: 

(a)  To    co-operate    with    the    federal    board 
for  vocational  education  in  the  administration 
of    the    provisions    of    the    federal    vocational 
education  law,  to  the  extent  and  in  the  man- 
ner t  herein  provided ; 

(b)  To    promote    and    aid    in    the    establish- 
ment  of   schools  and   classes  of   the   types   and 
standards    provided    for    in    the    plans    of    the 
board  for  vocational  education,  as  approved  by 
the    federal    board    for    vocational    education, 
and   to   co-onerate  with   state  and   local   school 

i  authorities  in  the  maintenance  of  such  schools 
and  classes: 

(c)  To    conduct    and    prepare    investigations 
and  studies  in  relation  to  vocational  education 
and  to   publish   the  results   of  such  investiga- 
tions and  studies: 

(d)  Upon    the    recommendation    of    the    ex- 
ecutive officer  to  appoint,  without  reference  to 
any   civil   service   law   which   is   now   or  which 
hereafter  may  be  in   force  rn    this   state,    such 
technical  assistants  as  may  be  necessary,   and 
to    prescribe    their    duties,    compensation    and 
terms   of   employment : 

(e)  Upon    the    recommendation    of    the    ex- 
ecutive   officer    to    appoint,    without    reference 
to    the    provisions    of    any    civil    service    law 
which   is   now    or   which   hereafter   may   be   in 
force    in    this    state,    such    clerks    and    stenog- 
raphers and   other  employes  as  may  be  neces- 
sary,  and  to  prescribe  their  duties,   compensa- 
tion and  terms  of  emDiovment- 


818 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


(f)  To     promulgate     reasonable     rules     and 
regulations  relating-  to  the  enforcement  of  the 
provisions   of   this   act; 

(g)  To   report,   in  writing-,   to   the   governor, 
annually    on    or   before    the    first    day    of    De- 
cember,  and  at   such  other  times  and  in  such 
manner   and   upon    such    subjects    as    the  gov- 
ernor  may    require.      The   annual   report    snail 
contain     (1)     a    statement    of    the    extent    to 
which    vocational    education    has    been    estab- 
lished   and    maintained    in    the    state;     (2)     a 
statement    of    the    existing-   condition    of    voca- 
tional education  in  the  state;    (3)    a  statement 
of  suggestions  and  recommendations  with  ref- 
erence to  the  development   of  vocational  edu- 
cation in  the  state;  and   (4)   an  itemized  state- 
ment of  the  amounts  of  money  received  from 
federal  and   state   sources,    and   of   the   objects 
and  purposes  to  which  the  respective  items  of 
these  several  amounts  have  been  devoted:  and 

(h)  To  make  such  reports  to  the  federal 
board  of  vocational  education  as  may  be  re- 
quired by  the  provisions  of  the  federal  voca- 
tional education  law,  and  by  the  rules  and 
regulations  of  the  federal  board  of  education. 

Sec.  5.  The  stats  treasurer  shall  act  as  the 
custodian  of  all  moneys  allotted  to  this  state 
under  the  provisions  of  the  federal  vocational 
education  law.  These  moneys  shall  be  kept 
by  tne  state  treasurer  in  a  separate  fund,  to 
be  known  as  "the  federal  vocational  education 
fund."  and  shall  be  paid  out  only  upon  the 
requisition  of  the  board  of  vocational  educa- 
tion, in  the  manner  hereinafter  provided. 

The  auditor  of  public  accounts  is  hereby 
authorized  and  directed  to  draw  warrants  upon 
the  state  treasurer  against  "the  federal  voca- 
tional education  fund."  upon  vouchers  certified 
to  as  correct  by  the  executive  officer  of  the 
board  for  vocational  education  and  approved 
by  the  department  of  finance. 

Sec.  6.  Because  of  an  emergency  this  act 
shall  take  effect  upon  its  passage.  (Approved 
March  6,  1919.) 

ENFORCEMENT    OF    LIQUOR    LAWS. 

Through  the  enactment  of  a  law  known  as 
the  "search  and  seizure"  act  and  approved 
June  21,  1919,  stringent  provisions  are  made 
for  the  enforcement  of  the  liquor  laws  in 
Illinois.  Some  of  the  main  points  in  the  act 
follow: 

"Whoever  manufactures,  sells  or  keeps  for 
sale  any  intoxicating  liquor  for  medicinal, 
sacramental,  chemical,  mechanical  or  manu- 
facturing purposes,  in  prohibition  territory, 
shall  first  secure  from  the  attorney-general  of 
this  state  a  permit.  Any  person  desiring  to 
obtain  a  permit  shall  file  a  written  applica- 
tion with  the  attorney-general,  giving  his 
name  and  address,  nature  of  his  business  and 
full  statement  of  grounds  on  which  applica- 
tion is  made. 

"Whoever  shall,  within  prohibition  territory. 
in  any  manner  manufacture,  advertise,  ssll. 
keep  for  sale,  order,  purchase,  receive,  trans- 
port, take  an  order  for,  give  away  or  in  any 
manner  dispose  of  any  preparation,  compound 
or  tablet  from  which  intoxicating  liquor  as  a 
beverage  is  made,  shall  be  punished  in  the 
manner  prescribed  in  section  8  of  this  act. 

"Whoever  shall,  by  himself  or  another,  either 
as  principal,  clerk  or  servant,  within  prohibi- 
tion territory,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  any 
newspaper,  periodical,  circular,  handbill  or 
price  list,  advertise  any  intoxicating  liquor  for 
sale  or  distribution,  or  publish  or  distribute 
any  printed  matter  which  either  directly  or 
indirectly  advertises  any  intoxicating  liquor 
for  sale  or  distribution,  or  display  or  post 
or  suffer  to  be  displayed  or  posted,  in.  on  or 
about  any  building,  premises,  boat,  vehicle  or 
any  other  place  whatsoever  under  his  control, 
any  sign  or  other  advertisement  of  any  liquor 
manufacturer,  wholesale  or  retail  liquor  deal- 
er, or  display  or  post  or  suffer  to  be  displayed 


or  posted,  any  sign  or  other  advertisement  in- 
dicating that  intoxicating  liquor  is  kept  or 
distributed  at  such  building,  premises,  boat, 
vehicle  or  other  place,  shall  be  punished  in 
the  manner  prescribed  in  section  8  of  this  act. 

"Whoever  shall,  by  himself  or  another, 
ither  as  principal,  clerk  or  servant,  within 
this  state,  ship  or  cause  to  be  shipped,  or 
offer  for  shipment,  or  transport  by  any  means 
whatsoever  upon  any  highway  in,  through  or 
into  prohibition  territory,  any  vessel  or  pack- 
age containing  any  intoxicating  liquor  which 
is  not  so  labeled  or  marked  on  the  outside 
cover  thereof  as  to  plainly  show  the  true 
name  and  address  of  the  consignor  and  con- 
signee, the  kind  and  quantity  of  liquor  con- 
tained therein,  and  the  purpose  for  which 
such  liquor  is  to  be  used  by  the  consignee. 
and  the  place  where  such  liquor  is  to  be  used 
by  the  consignee,  shall  be  punished  in  the 
manner  prescribed  in  section  8  of  this  act. 

"Whoever  shall  violate  any  provision  of  the 
foregoing  section  of  this  act,  or  shall  do  or 
neglect,  omit  or  refuse  to  do,  anything  re- 
quired or  prohibited  by  this  act  when  there 
is  no  specific  penalty  or  punishment  imposed 
by  this  act  for  such  act  or  omission,  shall  for 
each  offense,  unon  conviction  thereof,  be  fined 
not  less  than  850.  nor  more  than  $500,  or  im- 
prisoned in  the  county  jail  for  not  less  than 
twenty  days  nor  more  than  sixty  days,  or  both 
in  the  discretion  of  the  court.  If  any  person 
shall  be  convicted  of  violating  any  provision 
of  any  such  sections,  and  shall  subsequently 
violate  any  provision  of  any  such  sections,  for 
such  second  and  each  subsequent  violation  he 
shall,  upon  conviction  thereof,  be  fined  not 
less  than  $200  nor  more  than  $5.000.  and  be 
imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  for  not  less  than 
ninety  days  nor  more  than  one  year,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  court." 

The  act  prescribes  severe  penalties  for  drug- 
gists, pharmacists  and  physicians  who  violate 
the  conditions  under  which  they  may  dis- 
pense or  prescribe  liquors  for  medicinal,  sac- 
ramental or  other  permissible  purposes. 

"All  places  within  prohibition  territory  where 
any  intoxicating  liquor  is  manufactured,  kept 
for  sale,  used  or  in  any  manner  disposed  of  in 
violation  of  any  provision  of  this  act  shall  be 
taken  and  held  and  are  hereby  declared  to  be 
common  nuisances,  and  may  be  abated  as  such. 

"All  intoxicating  liquor  manufactured,  kept 
for  sale,  used,  disposed  of  or  transported 
within  prohibition  territory,  in  violation  of 
any  law  of  this  state,  with  all  vessels  con- 
taining the  same,  and  all  implements,  furni- 
ture and  vehicles  kept  or  used  for  any  such 
purposes,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  common 
nuisances,  and  shall  be  subjected  to  seizure, 
confiscation  and  destruction  in  the  manner 
hereinafter  provided:  Whenever  complaint  is 
made  in  writing,  verified  by  affidavit,  to  any 
judge  having  cognizance  of  criminal  offenses 
within  such  prohibition  territory,  that  com- 
plainant has  just  and  reasonable  grounds  to 
believe  and  does  believe  that  intoxicating 
liquor  is  manufactured,  kept  for  sale,  used, 
disposed  of  or  transported  in  violation  of  any 
law  of  this  state  in  any  house,  building, 
premises,  boat,  vehicle,  receptacle  or  any  other 
place  whatsoever  (particularly  describing  and 
designating  the  same)  in  prohibition  territory, 
with  the  facts  upon  which  such  belief  is  based, 
the  judge  may  issue  a  search  warrant  as  here- 
inafter provided.  Provided,  however,  no  war- 
rant shall  be  issued  to  search  a  private  dwell- 
ing occupied  as  such  unless  such  warrant  is 
signed  by  two  judges,  and  unless  such  resi- 
dence is  a  place  of  public  resort,  or  intoxicat- 
ing liquor  is  sold  or  kept  for  sale  in  violation 
of  the  law." 

ENGLISH    LANGUAGE    IN    SCHOOLS. 

Every  person  having  control  of  any  child 
between  the  ages  of  7  and  16  years  shall  an- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


819 


nually  cause  such  child  to  attend  some  public 
school  (or  some  private  school  in  which  the 
instruction  in  the  elementary  branches  of  edu- 
cation is  in  the  English  language)  for  the 
entire  time  during-  which  the  school  attended 
is  in  session,  which  shall  not  be  less  than 
seven  months  of  actual  teaching:  Provided, 
however,  that  this  act  shall  not  apply  in  case 
the  child  has  been  or  is  being-  instructed  for 
a  like  period  in  each  and  every  year  in  the 
elementary  branches  of  education  by  a  person 
or  persons  competent  to  give  such  instruction, 
which  instruction  of  the  child  in  the  elemen- 
tary branches  'of  education  shall  be  in  the 
English  language;  or  in  case  the  child's  physi- 
cal or  mental  condition  renders  his  or  her  at- 
tendance impracticable  or  inexpedient;  or  in 
case  the  child  is  excused  for  temporary  ab- 
sence for  cause  by  the  principal  or  teacher 
of  the  school  which  the  child  attends;  or  in 
case  the  child  is  between  the  ages  of  14  and 
16  years  and  is  necessarily  and  lawfully  em- 
ployed during-  the  hours  when  the  public 
school  is  in  session.  For  every  neglect  of  the 
duty  prescribed  by  this  section,  the  person  so 
offending-  shall  forfeit  to  the  use  of  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  the  city,  town,  or  district  in 
which  the  child  resides  a  sum  not  less  than 
$5  nor  more  than  $20  and  cost  of  suit,  and 
shall  stand  committed  until  such  fine  and 
costs  of  suit  are  fully  paid. 

Because  the  English  language  is  the  common 
as  well  as  official  language  of  our  country, 
and  because  it  is  essential  to  good  citizenship 
that  each  citizen  shall  have  or  speedily  ac- 
quire, as  his  natural  tongue,  the  language  in 
which  the  laws  of  the  land,  the  decree!,  of  the 
courts  and  the  proclamations  and  pronounce- 
ments of  its  officials  are  made,  and  shall 
easily  and  naturally  think  in  the  language  in 
which  the  obligations  of  his  citizenship  are 
defined.  the  instruction  in  the  elementary 
branches  of  education  in  all  schools  in  Illi- 
nois shall  be  in  the  English  language:  Provid- 
ed. That  this  shall  not  apply  to  vocatipnal 
schools  where  the  pupils  have  already  received 
the  required  instruction  in  English  during  the 
current  school  year.  (Approved  June  28, 

1Q1Q  ) 

OLD  SALEM  STATE  PARK. 

On  behalf  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  the  depart- 
ment of  public  works  and  buildings  shall 
have  the  power  to  acquire  by  donation  the 
title  to  the  land  formerly  constituting  the  site 
of  the  town  of  New  Salem  (the  home  of  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  1831-1837)  and  land  contiguous 
thereto,  now  the  property  of  the  Old  Salem 
Chautauqua  association,  comprising  sixty-two 
acres  more  or  less.  The  title  to  such  land 
shall  be  taken  in  the  name  of  the  people  of 
the  state  of  Illinois  and  the  deed  conveying 
such  property  shall  be  deposited  in  the  office 
of  the  secretary  of  state.  The  land  so  acquired 
shall  be  set  aside  as  a  state  park,  to  be  known 
as  the  Old  Salem  State  park,  and  shall 
never  be  devoted  to  any  other  use. 

Sec.  2.  After  the  acquisition  of  the  land 
formerly  constituting  the  site  of  the  town  of 
New  Salem  and  the  land  contiguous  thereto 
as  aforesaid  by  the  state  of  Illinois,  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  department  of  public 
works  and  buildings: 

1.  To    take    possession    of    such    land    and 
establish    and    maintain    thereon    a    state    park 
which,    subject   to   such   reasonable   rules   and 
regulations  as  may  be  deemed  necessary,   shall 
be  free  of  access  to  the  public. 

2.  Erect     thereon     a     suitable    building    of 
sufficient    dimensions    to    house    and    preserve 
all  relics  and  mementos  of  Abraham  Lincoln's 
residence  in  the  town  of  New  Salem. 

3.  To  provide  a  residence  for  the  caretaker 
or    custodian    of    Old    Salem    State    park,    and 
make    such    other    improvements    as    may    be 
necessary. 


4.  Complete  the  restoration  of,  as  far  as 
possible  all  buildings  which  were  standing 
thereon  during  the  time  that  Abraham  Lincoln 
resided  in  the  town  of  New  Salem 
*£'  JCm1?loy  a  Caretaker  or  custodian  for  Old 
salem  State  park;  and 

6.  Employ  such  other  persons  at  such  times 


of  the  public-   (Ap- 

HOUSING  COMMISSION. 

.The  Illinois  housing  and  building  commis- 
sion is  hereby  created.  Such  commission  shall 
consist  of  seven  members,  all  to  be  appointed 
by  the  governor.  Of  the  seven  members  of 
said  commission  two  shall  be  members  of  the 
senate  of  the  51st  general  assembly  two  shall 
be  members  of  the  house  of  representatives 
of  the  olst  general  assembly,  one  shall  be  an 
architect,  one  shall  be  a  building  contractor 
and  the  seventh  member  any  voter  in  the 
state  of  Illinois.  The  governor  shall  designate 
the  chairman  of  said  commission. 

Sec.  2.  The  commissioners  shall  meet  and 
organize  as  soon  as  possible  after  their  ap- 
pointment. The  duties  and  functions  of  the 
commission  shall  cease  and  the  terms  of  office 
or  the  members  thereof  shall  terminate  upon 
the  convening  of  the  52d  general  assembly 

.Sec.  3.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commis- 
sion to  prepare  and  draft  a  state  housing  code 
a  state  building  code,  and  a  zoning  bill  for  the 
state  of  Illinois,  for  presentation  to  the  52d 
general  assembly. 

.  Sec.  4.  The  department  of  public  works  and 
building-s,  the  department  of  public  welfare 
the  department  of  public  health,  the  depart- 
ment of  trade  and  commerce,  the  department 
of  labor,  the  joint  legislative  reference  bureau 
and  all  other  departments  and  agencies  of  the 
state  government  shall  furnish  such  informa- 
tion and  assistance  as  may  be  required  of 
them  by  the  commission,  with  reference  to 
the  performance  of  its  duties  under  the  pro- 
°f  thl8  aCt'  <APProve(*  June  28, 


ADVOCATING   OVERTHROW   OF 
GOVERNMENT. 

Be    it    enacted,    etc. :    That    an    act    entitled 

An  act  to  revise  the  law  in  relation  to  crim- 
inal jurisprudence,"  approved  March  27.  1874 
in  force  July  1-  1874.  as  amended,  is  amended 
by  adding-  to  division  I.  thereof  six  new  sec- 
tions, to  be  known  as  sections  265a  265b 
265c,  265d,  265e,  265f  and  265g,  to  read  as 
follows: 

Sec.  265a.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son openly  to  advocate,  by  word  of  mouth  or 
writing,  the  reformation  or  overthrow,  by    vio- 
lence   or    any    other    unlawful    means,    of    the 
representative    form    of    government    now    se- 
cured to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  and 
I  the   several   states  by   the  constitution  of   the 
'  United    States    and    the    constitutions    of    the 
seven  1    states. 

Sec.  265b.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son to  publish,  issue  or  knowingly  sell  or  dis- 
tribute any  book,  paper,  document  or  other 
wntten  or  printed  matter  which  advocates 
cnme  and  violence  as  a  means  of  accomplish- 
ing the  reformation  or  overthrow  of  the  con- 
stitutional representative  form  of  government 
so  secured  to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States 
and  the  several  states. 

Sec.  265c.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son to  organize,  aid  in  the  organization  of.  or 
become  a  member  of  any  society  or  associa- 
tion the  object  of  which  is  to  advocate  the 
reformation  or  overthrow  of  the  existing  form 
of  government  by  violence  or  any  other  un- 
lawful means. 

Sec.  265d.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son voluntarily  and  with  knowledg-e  of  the 


820 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


purpose    of    such    meeting-    or    assembly    to    be 
present  at  any  meeting-  or  assembly   at   which 
the  reformation  or  overthrow   of   the   existing-  ! 
lorm   of  government   by   crime  and  violence  is 
advocated. 

Sec.  265e.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son owning-,  possessing-  or  controlling  the  use 
of  any  room,  building-  or  other  premises, 
knowingly  to  permit  the  same  to  be  used  as 
the  headquarters  of  any  organization  which 
advocates  crime  and  violence  or  as  a  meeting 
place  for  any  meeting  or  assembly  at  which 
crime  and  violence  is  advocated,  as  a  means 
of  accomplishing  the  reformation  or  over- 
throw of  the  existing  form  of  government. 

Sec.  265f.  It  shall  be  unlawful  to  display  or 
exhibit  at  any  meeting,  gathering  or  parade, 
public  or  private,  any  flag,  banner,  emblem  or 
other  insignia  symbolizing  or  intending  to 
symbolize  a  purpose  to  overthrow  by  force  or 
violence  or  by  physical  injury  to  person  or 
property  the  representative  form  of  gov- 
ernment now  secured  to  the  citizens  of  the 
United  States  and  the  several  states  by  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  con- 
stitution £>i  the  state  of  Illinois. 

Sec.  265g.  Any  person  who  shall  violate  sec- 
lions  265a.  265b.  265c  or  265f  of  this  act 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  felony,  and  upon 
conviction  therefor  shall  be  punished  by  im- 
prisonment in  the  penitentiary  for  a  period  of 
not  less  than  one  year  nor  more  than  ten 
years.  Any  person  who  shall  violate  sections 
265d  and  265e  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
therefor  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  or  not 
less  than  $500  nor  more  than  81,000,  or  by 
imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  a  period 
of  not  less  than  six  months  nor  more  than 
one  year,  or  both.  (Approved  June  28,  1919.) 

BOYCOTTS   AND   BLACKLISTS. 

Section  46  of  division  I.  of  "An  act  to  re- 
vise the  law  in  relation  to  criminal  juris- 
prudence." approved  March -27,  1874,  in  force 
July  1.  1874,  as  amended,  is  amended  to  read 
as  follows: 

Sec.  46.  If  any  two  or  more  persons  con- 
spire or  agree  together,  or  the  officers  or 
executive  committee  of  any  society  or  organi- 
zation or  corporation,  shall  issue  or  utter  any 
circular  or  edict,  as  the  action  of  or  instruc- 
tion to  its  members,  or  any  other  persons, 
societies,  organizations  or  corporations,  for 
the  purpose  of  establishing  a  so-called  boycott 
or  blacklist,  or  shall  post  or  distribute  any 
written  or  printed,  notice  in  any  place,  with 
the  fraudulent  or  malicious  intent  wrongfully 
and  wickedly  to  injure  the  person,  character, 
business  or  employment,  or  property  of  an- 
other, or  to  obtain  money  or  other  property 
by  false  pretenses,  or  to  do  any  illegal  act 
injurious  to  the  public  trade,  health,  morals, 
police  or  administration  of  public  justice,  or 
to  prevent  competition  in  the  letting  of  any 
contract  by  the  state,  or  the  authorities  of 
any  counties,  city,  town  or  village,  or  to  in- 
duce any  person  not  to  enter  into  such  com- 
petition, or  to  commit  any  felony,  they  shall 
be  deemed  -  guilty  of  a  conspiracy:  and  every 
such  offender,  whether  as  individuals  or  as  the 
officers  of  any  society  or  organization,  and 
every  person  convicted  of  conspiracy  at  com- 
mon law.  shall  be  imprisoned  in  the  peniten- 
tiary not  exceeding  five  years,  or  fined  not 
exceeding  82,000,  or  both. 

Associations,  corporate  or  otherwise,  of  farm- 
ers, gardeners  or  dairymen,  including  live 
stock  farmers  and  fruit  growers,  engaged 
in  making  collective  sales  or  marketing 
for  its  members  or  shareholders  of  farm,  or- 
chard or  dairy  products,  produced  by  its  mem- 
bers or  shareholders,  are  not  conspiracies,  con- 
tracts, agreements,  arrangements  or  combina- 
tions made  by  such  associations  or  the 


members,  officers  or  directors  thereof  in  mak- 
ing such  collective  sales  and  marketing  and 
prescribing  the  terms  and  conditions  thereof 
are  not  conspiracies  and  they  shall  not  be 
construed  to  be  injurious  to  the  public  trade. 
(Approved  June  30.  1919.) 

COMMUNITY  BUILDINGS. 

Subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act.  any 
town  may  levy  an  annual  tax  of  not  to  ex- 
ceed 2  mills  on  each  dollar  of  the  assessed 
valuation  of  taxable  property  therein  for  the 
purpose  of  erecting  and  maintaining  commu- 
nity buildings.  Such  tax  shall  be  levied  and 
collected  in  the  same  manner  as  other  general 
taxes. 

Sec.  2.  Upon  the  filing  with  the  town  clerk 
of  any  town  a  petition  containing  the  names 
of  not  less  than  fifty  legal  voters  of  such 
town  praying  that  the  tax  herein  authorized 
be  levied,  the  question  of  levying  such  tax 
shall  be  submitted  to  the  voters  of  such  town 
at  a  special  election  to  be  called  for  that 
purpose,  not  less  than  thirty  nor  more  than 
sixty  days  after  the  filing  of  such  petition: 
Provided.  That  the  question  of  levying  such 
tax  shall  be  submitted  at  a  regular  town  elec- 
tion if  such  election  is  to  be  held  not  less 
than  twenty  nor  more  than  ninety  days  after 
the  filing  of  the  petition.  And  provided,  fur- 
ther. That  such  question  shall  not  be  sub- 
mitted in  any  town  in  which  there  is  a  popu- 
lation of  over  5.000  inhabitants  according  to 
the  latest  federal  census. 

Sec.  3.  If  a.  majority  of  those  voting  on  the 
question  of  levying  a  tax  for  the  establish- 
ment, erection  and  maintenance  of  a  commu- 
nity building  shall  vote  in  favor  thereof,  an 
annual  tax  of  not  to  exceed  2  mills  on  each 
dollar  of  the  assessed  valuation  of  the  tax- 
able property  shall  be  levied  and  collected  for 
that  purpose. 

Sec.  4.  The  establishment  or  erection  of  a 
community  building  and  the  maintenance  there- 
of shall  be  under  the  supervision  of  a  board 
of  managers.  The  board  of  managers  shall 
consist  of  three  persons,  residents  of  the  town, 
who  shall  be  elected  at  the  regular  town  elec- 
tion for  a  term  of  three  years.  The  board  of 
managers  shall  serve  without  compensation. 
The  first  board  of  managers  shall  be  elected 
at  a  special  election  called  for  that  purpose 
after  the  ratification  of  the  question  of  levy- 
ing the  tax  hereby  authorized,  one  for  one 
year,  one  for  two  years  and  one  for  three 
years,  to  be  determined  by  lot.  Thereafter 
one  person  shall  be  annually  elected  to  the 
board  of  managers  at  the  regular  town  elec- 
tion, for  a  term  of  three  years. 

Sec.  5.  The  board  of  managers  shall  have 
power  to  lease  a  building,  or  buildings,  for 
the  establishment  of  a  community  building,  or 
to  select  a  site  and  cause  the  erection  of  a 
building  for  that  purpose,  and  may  exercise 
any  and  all  other  powers  necessarily  incidental 
in  order  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this 
act.  The  town  treasurer  shall  pay  out  moneys 
derived  from  the  tax  hereby  authorized  only 
on  the  order  of  a  majority  of  the  board  of 
managers. 

Sec.  6.  If  the  board  of  managers  shall  deem 
it  necessary  to  issue  bonds  for  the  purpose  of 
obtaining  sufficient  funds  to  establish  a  com- 
munity building,  it  shall  cause  the  question 
of  issuing  such  bonds  to  be  submitted  to  a 
vote  of  the  people  of  the  town,  at  an  election 
to  be  called  for  that  purpose.  Notices  of  such 
election  shall  be  posted  in  at  least  five  of  the 
most  public  places  in  such  town,  for  at  least 
ten  days  prior  to  the  date  fixed  for  holding 
such  election.  Such  notices  shall  state  the 
amount  of  bonds  proposed  to  be  issued,  the 
date  of  maturity  and  the  rate  of  interest  to 
be  paid  thereon. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


821 


The    ballots    for    use    in    such    election    shall 
be  in  substantially  the.  following  form : 


For  bond  issue  of dollars 

payable  in years  with  interest 

at  the  rate  of per  cent  per  an- 
num   for    community    building:   pur- 


Aerainst  bond  issue  of dollars 

payable  in years  with  interest 

at  the  rate  of per  cent  per  an- 
num for  community  building-  pur- 
poses. 


Such  bonds  shall  mature  on  or  before  twenty 
years  from  the  date  thereof  and  shall  bear  in- 
terest at  a  rate  not  to  exceed  5  per  cent  per 
annum,  payable  annually  or  semiannually  as 
the  board  of  managers  may  determine.  If 
the  interest  is  to  be  paid  semiannually.  that 
fact  shall  be  stated  in  the  notices  of  election 
and  on  the  ballots.  Such  bonds  shall  be  sold 
at  not  less  than  par.  From  the  proceeds  of 
the  annual  tax  levy  authorized  by  this  act, 
the  board  of  managers  shall  provide  a  sink- 
ing fund  for  the  retirement  of  such  bonds, 
and  such  bonds  shall  be  payable  only  out  of 
such  proceeds. 

Sec  7.  The  community  building  of  any  town 
may  be  dedicated  to  the  soldiers  and  sailors 
of  such  town  and  bronze  tablets  or  other 
memorials  in  honor  of  such  soldiers  and  sail- 
ors may  be  placed  therein  by  the  board  of 
managers. 

Sec.  8.  Subject  to  the  reasonable  rules  and 
regulations  of  the  board  of  managers,  the 
community  building  shall  be  for  the  free  use 
and  benefit  of  the  inhabitants  of  such  town 
for  lectures,  concerts,  free  amusements  and  en- 
tertainments, and  all  other  general  educational 
purposes.  The  annual  town  meetings  and 
other  public  assemblies  may  be  held  therein. 
The  board  of  managers  shall  have  power  to 
lease,  temporarily,  the  community  building 
when  not  in  use  for  public  purposes  for  any 
reasonable  and  legitimate  private  use  on  such 
terms  as  may  be  deemed  reasonable  and  prop 
er.  Private  lessees  of  a  community  building 
may  charge  admission  fees.  All  money  re- 
ceived from  temporary  rentals  shall  be  turnec 
over  to  the  town  treasurer  and  shall  be  used 
only  for  the  maintenance  of  the  community 
building. 

Sec.  9.  The  board  of  managers  shall  make 
a  full  and  complete  annual  report  of  all  its 
actions  to  the  town  board  of  auditors.  (Ap- 
proved June  30.  1919.) 

CHICAGO— FIFTY  WARDS. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  etc.:  That  an  act 
entitled  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  incorpora 
tion  of  cities  and  villages,"  approved  April  10 
1872.  as  amended  by  subsequent  acts,  be  and 
the  same  hereby  is  amended,  in  pursuance  of 
section  34  of  article  IV.  of  the  constitution, 
by  repealing  the  whole  of  part  4  of  article 
XII,  added  by  the  act  approved  June  27.  1913; 
by  adding  to  part  2  of  article  XII.  of  said  act 
one  new  section  to  be  known  as  section  8:  and 
by  adding  to  said  article  XII.  two  new  parts 
to  be  known  as  parts  4  and  5:  which  new 
sections  and  parts  shall  read  as  follows: 
Part  Two. 

Sec.  8.  City  Clerk  and  City  Treasurer— Elec- 
tion, Tenure.  At  the  general  election  held  in 
1923.  and  quadrennially  thereafter,  there  shall 
be  elected  a  city  clerk  and  a  city  treasurer, 
each  of  whom  shall  hold  his  office  for  a  term 
of  four  years  and  until  his  successor  is  elected 
and  qualified.  No  person,  however,  shall  be 
elected  to  the  office  of  city  treasurer  for  two 
terms  in  succession. 


Part   Four. 
Concerning    the   Election    of   Aldermen. 

Sec.   8.  General   Municipal    Elections    for   Al- 
dermen—Terms    Prescribed,     (a)     If     the     pro- 

isions  of  this  act  become  operative  in  time  to 
rovern  the  general  election  for  aldermen  to  be 
leld  in  the  year  1920.  one  alderman  shall  then 
be  elected  from  each  ward  to  serve  for  a 
period  of  one  year.  If  this  act  shall  be 
adopted  at  the  same  time  as  that  at  which 
aldermen  are  elected  in  4920,  such  aaopiion 
shall  limit  the  term  of  aldermen  so  elected 
to  one  year.  The  general  election  for  alder- 
men under  this  aot  in  1920  shall  be  held  upon 
the  day  prescribed  by  law  for  a  primary  to 
elect  delegates  and  alternate  delegates  to  na- 
tional nominating  conventions  and  to  secure 
an  expression  with  respect  to  candidates  for 
nomination  for  the  office  of  president  of  the 
United  States,  if  such  a  primary  is  held  in 
the  year  1920  and  shall  be  conducted  by  the 
same  judges  and  clerks.  All  provisions  of 
election  laws  shall  apply  to  such  election, 
except  that  the  hours  for  keeping  open  the 
polls  shall  be  those  prescribed  by  "An  act  to 
provide  for  the  holding  of  primary  elections 
by  political  parties."  approved  March  9.  1910. 
in  force  July  1,  1910,  as  subsequently  amend- 
ed. A  general  election  for  aldermen  shall  be 
held  in  the  year  1921*.  at  the  time  prescribed 
by  law,  at  which  one  alderman  shall  be  elected 
from  each  ward  to  serve  for  a  term  of  two 
years.  The  next  general  election  for  alder- 
men shall  take  place  in  the  year  1923.  at 
which  time  one  alderman  shall  be  elected  from 
each  waid  and  thereafter  general  elections  for 
aldermen  shall  be  held  each  second  and  each 
fourth  year,  according  as  the  term  of  alder- 
men is  determined  by  popular  vote  under  the 
terms  of  this  act  to  be  two  or  four  years. 

(b)  The  terms  of  this  paragraph  shall  apply 
if  this  act  does  not  become  operative  in  time 
to    govern    the    general    election    for    aldermen 
in   1920   or  to  limit  the  terms  of   such  alder- 
men,   but   does   become    operative   in    time    to 
govern    the    general    election    for    aldermen    to 
be  held  in  the  year  1921.     One  alderman  shall 
be  elected  from  each  ward  at  the  general  elec- 
tion   for    aldermen    in   the   year   1921.    but   no 
general  election  for  aldermen  shall  be  held  in 
the  year  1922.  it  being  the  purpose  of  this  act 
that    the    council    shall    be    composed    of    one 
alderman  from  each  ward  after  the  expiration 
of   the  terms   of  aldermen  elected  at  the  gen- 
eral  election    for   aldermen   in    the   year   1920. 
Any  person  serving  as  alderman  under  an  elec- 
tion of  1920  may  be  a  candidate  for  alderman 
in  the  general  election  for  aldermen  to  be  held 
in    the    year    1921.    and    his    election    at    such 
time   shall   constitute   an   abandonment    of   the 
office  held  by   him   under  his   election  in   the 
year   1920   for  the   unexpired  term  thereof,   if 
any.    as    soon    as    he    has    qualified    under   his 
election  in   the  year  1921.    A  general  election 
for  aldermen  shall  be  held  in  the  year  1923,  at 
which  one  alderman  shall  be  elected  from  each 
ward,    and   thereafter  general   elections  for  al- 
dermen   shall   be    held    each    second    or   fourth 
year,  according  as  the  term  of  aldermen  is  de- 
termined by  popular  vote  under  the  terms   of 
this  act  to  be  two  or  four  years. 

(c)  If    this    act    shall    become    operative    at 
any    time    subsequent    to    the    times    provided 
for  in  the  foregoing  paragraphs,  the  provisions 
of    this    paragraph    shall    govern.      If    the    act 
becomes  operative  in  time  to  govern   the  gen- 
eral election  of  aldermen  to  be  held  in  an  odd 
numbered  year,    the   provisions  of   this  section 
with  respect  to  the  election  in  the  year  1921 
shall  apply,  with  appropriate  changes  of  dates. 
The   terms   of    aldermen   first   elected    shall   al- 
ways expire  with  the  *f"-m  of  the  mayor  then 
in   office,  and  new  elections  for  a  two  or  four 
year  term,   as  the  case  may  be,  shall  be  held 


822 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


at  the  time  when  the  mayor  is  to  be  elected,  i 
If  this  act  becomes  operative  in  time  to  | 
govern  the  general  election  of  aldermen  to  be 
held  in  an  even  numbered  year  which  imme- 
diately precedes  the  year  in  which  a  mayor 
is  to  be  elected,  aldermen  at  such  election 
shall  be  elected  for  the  term  of  one  year, 
and  a  general  election  for  aldermen  for  a 
two  or  four  year  term,  as  the  case  may  be, 
shall  be  held  at  the  time  when  the  mayor  is 
|  to  be  elected.  If  this  act  becomes  operative 
.  in  time  to  govern  th§  general  election  of  alder- 
i  men  to  be  held  in  an  even  numbered  year 
other  than  that  which  immediately  precedes 
the  year  in  which  a  mayor  is  to  be  elected, 
-aldermen  at  such  election  shall  be  elected  for 
a  one  year  term,  aldermen  ait  the  next  general 
election  for  aldermen  to  be  elected  for  a  two 
year  term,  if  a  two  year  term  shall  have 
been  adopted  by  a  popular  vote  under  the 
terms  of  this  act:  if  under  the  terms  of  this 
act  a  four  year  term  for  aldermen  shall  have 
been  adopted  then  aldermen  shall  be  elected 
for  a  three  year  term  at  the  election  of  such 
even  numbered  year.  New  elections  for  a  two 
or  four  year  term,  as  the  case  may  be.  shall 
then  take  place  at  the  time  when  the  mayor 
is  to  be  next  elected. 

(d)  All  elections  for  aldermen  shall  be  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  law  in  force 
and  operative  in  the  city  of  Chicago  for  such 
elections  at  the  time  that  such  elections  are 
held,  and  vacancies  occurring  in  such  office 
shall  be  filled  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  law 
for  filling  vacancies.  Except  as  otherwise  pro- 
vided in  this  section,  the  number  of  aldermen 
under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  one 
from  each  ward. 

Sec.  2.  Salary  of  Aldermen.  The  aldermen 
elected  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  may 
receive  for  their  services  such  compensation 
as  shall  be  fixed  by  ordinance,  at  the  rate 
of  not  to  exceed  $5.000  per  annum  for  each 
alderman.  The  salaries  of  the  aldermen  elected 
at  the  first  general  election  for  aldermen  pro- 
vided for  in  this  act  shall  be  fixed  by  the 
outgoing-  council. 

Part  Five. 

Concerning  the  Redistricting  of  the  City  Into 
Wards. 

Section  1.  City  to  Have  Fifty  Wards.  The 
city  of  Chicago  shall  be  divided  into  fifty 
wards.  In  the  formation  of  wards  the  popu- 
lation of  each  shall  be  as  nearly  equal  as 
practicable  and  each  shall  be  composed  of 
contiguous  and  compact  territory. 

Sec.  2.  Additional  Territory  to  Be  Annexed 
to  Existing  Wards.  Whenever  territory  is  an- 
nexed to  the  city,  the  city  council  shall  by 
ordinance  declare  it  a  part  of  the  ward  or 
wards  which  it  adjoins:  Provided.  That  at  any 
time  after  such  territory  is  annexed  the  city 
council  may  provide  for  the  redistricting  of 
the  city  in  accordance  with  the  provision  of 
this  act. 

Sec.  3.  City  to  Be  Redistricted  After  Adop 
tion  of  the  Act.  Within  three  months  after 
the  adoption  of  this  act  by  the  voters  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  city  council  to  pass  an 
ordinance  redistricting  the  city  into  fifty  wards 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
Such  redistricting  of  the  city  shall  not  apply 
to  the  general  election  for  aldermen  to  be  held 
in  the  year  1920.  but  shall  apply  to  the  first 
general  election  thereafter  and  until  the  city 
is  again  redistricted  as  herein  provided  for. 
All  elections  of  aldermen  shall  be  held  from 
the  present  wards  until  a  redistricting  is  had 
as  provided  for  in  this  act. 

Sec.  4.  Wh<>n  Redistrietin-?  Ordinance  Takes 
Effect— Substitute  Ordinance  May  Be  Sub- 
mitted. No  such  redist-ic  ing-  ordinance  shall 
take  effect  until  the  expiration  of  fifteen  days 


after  its  passage.  If  within  such  fifteen  days 
one-fifth  or  more  of  the  aldermen  elected,  who 
did  not  vote  to  pass  such  redistricting  ordi- 
nance, file  with  the  city  clerk  a  proposed  sub- 
stitute ordinance  redistricting  the  city  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  to- 
gether with  a  petition  signed  by  them  demand- 
ing that  the  question  of  the  adoption  of  the 
redistricting  ordinance  passed  by  the  city  coun- 
cil, together  with  the  question  of  the  adoption 
of  such  substitute  ordinance,  be  submitted  to 
the  voters,  then  such  redistricting  ordinance 
passed  by  the  city  council  shall  not  go  into 
effect  until  the  question  of  this  adoption  shall 
have  been  submitted  to  a  popular  vote:  Pro- 
vided, That  no  aldermen  shall  have  the  right 
to  sign  more  than  one  such  petition.  Upon 
the  expiration  of  such  fifteen  days  the  city 
clerk  shall  promptly  certify  to  the  board  of 
election  commissioners  of  the  city  of  Chicago 
the  ordinance  passed  by  the  city  council  and 
such  substitute  ordinance  or  ordinances  and 
petition  or  petitions,  and  it  shall  thereupon 
be  the  duty  of  the  board  of  election  commis- 
sioners to  submit  the  ordinances  so  certified  to 
a  popular  vote  at  the  next  general,  municipal 
or  special  election,  to  be  held  in  and  for  the 
entire  city  not  less  than  forty  days  after  the 
passage  of  such  redistricting  ordinance  by  the 
city  council.  • 

Sec.  5.  Failure  of  Council  to  Act— One-Fifth 
of  the  Aldermen  May  Submit  Rediatricting  Or- 
dinance. If  the  city  council  shall  fail  at  any 
time  to  pass  a  redistricting  ordinance  as  re- 
quired herein,  one-fifth  or  more  of  the  alder- 
men elected  shall  have  the  right  to  file  with 
the  city  clerk,  not  less  th;<n  forty  days  before 
the  date  of  holding  any  general,  municipal  or 
special  election,  19  be  held  in  and  for  the  en- 
tire city,  an  ordinance  redistricting  the  city 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
together  with  a  petition  signed  by  them  de- 
manding that  such  ordinance  be  submitted  to 
the  legal  voters  at  the  next  such  election  in 
and  for  the  entire  city  to  be  held  not  less 
than  forty  days  after  the  filing  of  such  ordi- 
nance and  petition:  Provided,  That  no  alder- 
man shall  have  the  right  to  sign  more  than 
one  such  petition.  Upon  the  expiration  of  the 
time  for  filing  any  such  ordinance  the  city 
clerk  shall  promptly  certify  to  the  board  of 
election  commissioners  of  the  city  of  Chicago 
any  ordinance  or  ordinances,  together  with  any 
petition  or  petitions,  so  filed:  and  thereupon 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  of  election 
commissioners  to  submit  such  ordinance  or  or- 
dinances to  a  popular  vote  at  the  election 
specified  in  such  petition  or  petitions:  Pro- 
vided. That  if,  after  the  filing  of  any  such 
ordinance  and  petition  and  not  less  than  forty 
days  prior  to*  such  election,  the  city  council 
shall  pass  an  ordinance  redistricting  the  city, 
then  the  question  of  the  adoption  of  any  ordi- 
nance or  ordinances  filed  with  the  city  clerk 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion shall  not  be  submitted  to  a  popular  vote. 
However,  after  such  action  by  the  city  coun- 
cil, a  substitute  ordinance  or  ordinances  may 
be  proposed  in  the  manner  provided  in  section 
4  hereof. 

Sec.  6.  Redistricting  Ordinance  Submitted— 
Form  of  Ballot.  H  the  question  of  the  adop- 
tion of  one  of  two  or  more  redistricting  ordi- 
nances is  submitted  to  the  voters  at  any  elec- 
tion, the  ballots  used  for  the  submission  of 
such  proposition  shall,  in  addition  to  the  other 
requirements  of  law,  conform  substantially  to 
the  following-  requirements: 

1.  Above  the  propositions  submitted  the  fol- 
lowing    words     shall     be     printed     in     capital 
Tetters : 

"Propositions  for  the  Redistricting-  of  the 
City  of  Chicago." 

2.  Immediately    below    said    words    shall    be 


ALMANAC,  AND   YEARBOOK   FOR   1920. 


823 


printed  in  small  letters  the  direction  to  voters: 

"Vo'e   for  One." 

3.  Following  thereupon  shall  be  printed  each 
proposition  to  be  voted  upon  in  substantially 
the  following-  form: 


For  the  adoption  of  an  ordinance  for 
the  redistricting  of  the  city  of  Chi- 
cago    (here    insert    "passed    by    the 
city    council"    or    "proposed   by    Al- 
dermen   (here   insert    names    of    the 
aldermen   signing   petition)"   as  the 
case  may  require)  . 

For  the  adoption  of  an  ordinance  for 
the  redistricting  of  the  city  of  Chi- 
cago   proposed    by    Aldermen     (here 
insert  names  of   the   aldermen   sign- 
ing the  petition). 

Whenever   the   question    of    the    adoption    of 
but   one   redistricting   ordinance    shall   be   sub- 
mitted to   the  voters,    the   form   of  the  ballot 
shall  be  substantially  as  follows: 

Shall  the  ordinance  proposed  by 
Aldermen      (here     insert     the 
names    of    the    aldermen    sign- 
ing the  petition)   be  adopted? 

Yes 

No 

4.  All  the  propositions  shall  be  printed  in 
uniform  type. 

Sec.  7.  Redistricting  Ordinance  Submitted— 
When  Approved  and  in  Effect.  If  the  question 
of  the  adoption  of  one  of  two  or  more  re- 
districting  ordinances  is  submitted  to  the  voters 
at  any  election,  the  ordinance  for  which  the 
highest  number  of  votes  is  cast  shall  be 
deemed  approved  and  shall  thereupon  be  in 
force  and  effect.  If  the  question  of  the  adop- 
tion of  but  one  such  ordinance  is  submitted 
at  any  election  and  a  majority  of  the  votes 
cast  thereon  are  for  the  adoption  of  such  or- 
dinance, it  shall  thereupon  be  in  force  and 
effect:  otherwise  such  ordinance  shall  not  go 
into  effect. 

Sec.  8.  Election  and  Ballot  Laws  to  Apply 
Where  Consistent  Herewith.  All  election  and 
ballot  laws  in  force  in  the  city  of  Chicago 
governing  the  submission  of  propositions  to  a 
popular  vote  or  applicable  thereto  and  not 
inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall  apply  to  and  govern  the  submission  of 
any  propositions  herein  provided  for. 

Sec.  9.  Redistricting  in  1931  and  Decen- 
nially Thereafter.  On  or  before  the  1st  day  of 
December.  1931.  and  every  ten  years  there- 
after, the  city  council  shall  by  ordinance  re- 
district  the  city  on  the  basis  of  the  national 
census  of  the  preceding-  year.  All  provisions 
of  this  act.  relating  to  redistricting  of  the  city 
immediately  following  the  adoption  of  this 
act.  including  the  provisions  for  the  filing  and 
submission  of  substitute  or  other  redistricting 
ordinances,  shall  apply  with  equal  force  and 
effect  to  the  redistricting  of  the  city  in  1931 
and  decennially  thereafter. 

Sec.  2.  This  act  shall  not  be  in  force  in  the 
city  of  Chicago  until  the  question  of  its  adop- 
tion shall  first  have  been  submitted  to  the 
legal  voter,s  of  the  city  of  Chicago  and  ap- 
proved by  a  majority  of  those  voting  thereon. 

The  question  of  the  adoption  of  this  act  by 
the  city  of  Chicaero  shall  be  submitted  to  such 
legal  voters  at  the  first  general,  municipal  or 
special  election,  to  be  held  in  and  for  the  en- 
tire city  after  the  passage  of  this  act.  or  be- 
fore that  time  at  a  special  election  to  be  called 
by  the  city  council  by  ordinance. 

If  this  act  shall  fail  to  be  adopted  at  the 
election  aforesaid  by  a  majority  of  the  legal 
voters  of  the  city  of  Chicago  voting  thereon. 


the  city  council  of  the  city  of  Chicago  may 
by  ordinance  direct  that  the  question  of  the 
adoption  of  this  act  be  again  submitted  to 
such  legal  voters  at  any  such  general,  muni- 
cipal or  special  election  in  and  for  the  entire 
city  to  be  held  not  less  than  thirty  days  from 
and  after  the  passage  of  such  ordinance,  and 
not  less  than  fifteen  months  prior  to  the  ex- 
piration of  the  term  of  the  mayor  in  office  at 
the  time  of  the  passage  of  such  ordinance. 
The  city  clerk  of  the  city  of  Chicago  shall 
promptly  certify  the  passage  of  such  ordi- 
nance to  the  board  of  election  commissioners 
of  the  city  of  Chicago,  and  it  shall  thereupon 
be  the  duty  of  said  board  of  election  com- 
missioners to  submit  the  question  of  the 
adoption  of  this  act  to  such  legal  voters  at 
such  election. 

If  this  act  shall  fail  to  be  adopted  at  the 
election  first  provided  for  herein  by  a  ma- 
jority of  the  legal  voters  thereon,  the  ques- 
tion of  the  adoption  of  this  act  may  also 
again  be  submitted  to  the  legal  voters  of  the 
city  of  Chicago,  at  any  general,  municipal  or 
special  election  to  be  held  in  and  for  the 
entire  city  not  less  than  forty  days  from  and 
after  the  filing  of  the  petition*  hereinafter 
provided  for,  and  not  less  than  fifteen  months 
prior  to  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  the 
mayor  in  office  at  the  time  of  tiling  such 
petition,  in  the  following  manner:  A  peti- 
tion signed  by  legal  voters  of  the  city  equal 
in  number  to  at  least  5  per  cent  of  the 
legal  voters  of  the  city  voting  at  the  last 
preceding  election  for  mayor,  demanding  the 
suomission  of  the  question  of  the  adoption  of 
this  act,  may  be  filed  with  said  board  of 
election  commissioners  and  it  shall  thereupon 
be  the  duty  of  said  board  of  election  com- 
missioners to  submit  the  question  of  the 
adoption  of  this  act  to  such  legal  voters  at 
the  election  specified  in  said  petition. 

If  this  act  shall  fail  to  be  adopted  at  any 
time  at  which  it  is  submitted  under  the  re- 
quirements of  this  section  by  a  majority  of 
the  legal  voters  of  the  city  of  Chicago  vot- 
ing thereon,  then  it  may  be  resubmitted  from 
time  to  time  by  ordinance  or  petition  as  above 
provided. 

The  said  board  of  election  commissioners 
shall  give  notice  of  any  election  provided  for 
in  this  section  by  publishing  a  notice  thereof, 
not  less  than  twenty  days  prior  to  such,  elec- 
tion, in  at  least  one  newspaper  of  general 
circulation  published  in  the  city  of  Chicago. 
The  ballot  to  be  used  at  such  election  shall 
be  in  substantially  the  following  form: 


For  the  adoption  of  an  act  to 
amend  an  act  entitled  "An 
act  to  provide  for  the  incorpo- 
ration of  cities  and  villages," 
so  as  to  provide  for  the  elec- 
tion of  one  alderman  from 
each  ward,  for  redistricting 
the  city  of  Chicago  into  fifty 
wards  and  for  the  election  of 
the  city  clerk  and  city  treas- 
urer for  terms  of  four  years 
each. 


Yes 


No 


If  a  majority  of  the  legal  voters  of  the  city 
of  Chicago,  voting  thereon  at  any  such  elec- 
tion, shall  vote  for  the  adoption  of  this  act, 
it  shall  thereby  and  thereupon  be  adopted  and 
shall  be  in  force  and  effect  and  become  opera- 
tive in  the  city  of  Chicago.  Aldermen  elected 
at  the  election  of  1923  and  at  general  elec- 
tions for  aldermen  subsequent  thereto  shall 
serve  for  the  term  determined  by  popular  vote 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this 
section.  At  any  time  when  the  question  of 
the  adoption  of  this  act  is  submitted  to  the 
legal  voters  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  there 


824: 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


shall  also  be  submitted  upon  the  same  ballot 
questions  to  appear  as  follows : 
"Vote   for   one." 


For  the  adoption  of  a  two  year  term 
for  aldermen 


For  the  adoption  of 
for  aldermen. 


four  year  term 


If  a  majority  of  those  voting  on  the  ques- 
tions shall  vote  for  a  two  year  term,  the 
term  of  aldermen  elected  in  1923  and  at  sub- 
sequent general  elections  for  aldermen  shall 
•be  two  years,  and  a  general  election  for  alder- 
men shall  be  held  at  the  time  prescribed  by 
law.  each  second  year  after  1923.  If  a  ma- 
jority of  those  voting  on  the  question  shall 
vote  for  a  four  year  term,  the  term  of  alder- 
men elected  in  1923  and  at  subsequent  gen- 
eral elections  for  aldermen  shall  be  four  years 
and  a  general  election  for  aldermen  shall  be 
held  at  the  time  prescribed  by  law  each  fourth 
year  after  1923.  If  this  act  shall  be  adopted 
so  as  to  become  operative  subsequent  to  the 
general  election  to  be  held  in  the  year  1923, 
a  general  election  for  aldermen  shall  always 
come  at  the  same  time  as  the  election  for 
mayor. 

Sec.  3.  That  an  act  constituting-  part  4  of 
article  XII.  and  entitled  "An  act  to  amend 
article  XII.  of  an  act  entitled  'An  act  to 
provide  for  the  incorporation  of  cities  and 
villages,'  approved  April  10,  1872,  as  amended 
by  subsequent  acts  and  as  amended  by  an  act 
approved  May  18,  1905,  and  in  force  July  1, 
1905,"  approved  June  27,  1913,  be  and  the 
same  is  hereby  repealed.  (Approved  June  28, 
1919.) 

CITY  COUNCILS  AND  TRUSTEES— POWERS 
—ZONING. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  etc.:  That  in  addi- 
tion to  existing  powers,  and  to  the  end  that 
adequate  light,  pure  air  and  safety  from  fire 
and  other  dangers  may  be  secured,  that  the 
taxable  value  of  land  and  buildings  through- 
out the  city  or  village  may  be  conserved,  that 
congestion  in  the  public  streets  may  be  less- 
ened or  avoided,  and  that  the  public  health, 
safety,  comfort  and  welfare  may  otherwise  be 
promoted,  the  city  council  in  each  city,  and 
the  president  and  board  of  trustees  in  each 
village,  shall  have  the  following  powers: 

To  regulate  and  limit  the  height  and  bulk 
of  buildings  hereafter  to  be  erected,  to  regu- 
late and  limit  the  intensity  of  the  use  of  lot 
areas  and  to  regulate  and  determine  the  area 
of  yards,  courts  and  other  open  spaces  within 
and  surrounding  such  buildings:  to  classify, 
regulate  and  restrict  the  location  of  trades 
and  industries  and  the  location  of  buildings 
designed  for  specified  uses;  to  make  regula- 
tions designating  the  trades  and  industries 
that  shall  be  excluded  or  subjected  to  special 
regulations  within  fixed  districts  and  desig- 
nating uses  for  which  buildings  may  not  be 
erected  or  altered  in  such  district;  to  divide 
the  city  or  village  or  portions  of  same  into 
districts  of  such  number,  shape  and  area  as 
may  be  deemed  best  suited  to  carry  out  the 
purposes  of  this  act.  including  the  power  to 
create  and  establish  residential  districts  within 
which  new  buildings  designed  for  business 
may  be  excluded,  restricted  or  limited,  and 
including  the  power  to  regulate  and  restrict 
the  location  of  trades  and  industries  and 
buildings  designed  for  same  in  such  a  way 
that  classes  of  industries  which  affect  the 
general  comfort  of  the  public  may  be  ex- 
cluded from  districts  where  commercial  and 
professional  pursuits  which  do  not  affect  the 
comfort  of  the  public  are  carried  on;  and  to 
prevent  the  alteration  or  remodeling  of  exist- 


ing buildings  in  such  a  way  as  to  avoid  the 
restrictions  and  limitations  lawfully  imposed 
on  any  such  district :  Provided,  That  in  ordi- 
nances passed  under  the  authority  of  this  act 
due  allowance  shall  be  made  for  existing  con- 
ditions, the  conservation  of  property  values, 
the  direction  of  building  development  to  the 
best  advantage  of  the  entire  city  or  village, 
and  the  uses  to  which  property  is  devoted  at 
the  time  of  the  enactment  of  any  such  ordi- 
nance, and  that  the  powers  of  this  act  given 
shall  not  be  exercised  so  as  to  deprive  the 
owner  of  any  existing  property  of  its  use  for 
the  purpose  to  which  it  is  then  lawfully  de- 
voted: And  provided,  further.  That  nothing  in 
this  act  shall  be  construed  to  prevent  addi- 
tions to  and  alterations  of  any  existing  plant 
or  building  made  to  further  the  purpose  to 
which  it  is  then  lawfully  devoted. 

Sec.  2.  No  ordinance  under  the  authority  of 
this  act  shall  be  enacted  until  a  public  hear- 
ing has  been  held  upon  the  subject  matter  of 
the  proposed  ordinance  before  a  commission, 
board  or  committee  authorized  by  the  city 
council  in  cities,  or  the  president  and  board 
of  trustees  in  villages,  to  investigate  and  make 
recommendations  concerning  such  subject  mat- 
ter, and  an  opportunity  afforded  the  owners 
of  land  or  lots  within  the  proposed  district  to 
file  written  objection  as  herein  provided  for. 
Such  public  hearing  shall  be  held  only  after 
publication  in  a  newspaper  of  such  city  or 
village  of  a  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of 
such  hearing  at  least  thirty  days  in  advance 
thereof  and  the  posting  of  such  notice  at  not 
less  than  four  different  places  within  such  dis- 
trict, which  notice  shall  indicate  the  bound- 
aries of  the  territory  to  be  affected  both  by 
the  designation  of  the  street  and  house  num- 
bers included  and  by  the  legal  description  of 
the  property  therein,  and  shall  state  what 
regulations  under  the  authority  of  this  act 
•affecting  such  territory  are  to  be  considered 
at  such  hearing.  In  addition  to  making  pub- 
lication and  posting  notices  as  herein  provided, 
the  officer  or  officers  authorized  to  hold  said 
public  hearing  shall  cause  a  notice  of  simi- 
lar import  to  be  mailed  to  the  person  shown 
by  the  records  of  the  county  collector  as  the 
one  who  paid  the  taxes  during  the  last  pre- 
ceding calendar  year  on  each  lot,  block,  tract 
or  parcel  of  land  situated  within  such  ter- 
ritory, at  the  residence  of  the  person  so  paying 
the  taxes  on  each  lot,  block,  tract  or  parcel 
of  land,  if  the  same  can  on  diligent  inquiry 
be  found,  and  if  the  same  cannot  on  diligent 
inquiry  be  found,  such  notice  shall  be  directed 
to  such  person  at  the  general  delivery  of  the 
ppstoffice  in  the  city  or  village  in  which  said 
district  is  proposed  to  be  made.  Th'e  affidavit 
of  the  officer  designated  by  ordinance  as  the 
one  to  give  such  notice  to  the  effect  that 
such  publication  was  made  in  such  newspaper 
and  by  such  posting  and  that  such  notices 
were  mailed  shall  be  taken  as  conclusive  evi- 
dence that  sufficient  notice  was  given  to  all 
parties  interested.  When  a  district  is  first 
created  no  ordinance  shall  be  passed  hereun- 
der  which  shall  enlarge  or  reduce  or  other- 
wise change  the  boundaries  of  the  territory  as 
indicated  in  such  notice  without  another  such 
notice  and  public  hearing.  Said  public  hear- 
ing shall  be  conducted  by  the  said  commis- 
sion, board  or  committee  and  may  be  tempo- 
rarily adjourned  and  reconvened  from  time  to 
time  until  final  adjournment  at  the  discretion 
of  the  said  commission,  board  or  committee. 
After  such  final  adjournment  said  commission, 
board  or  committee  shall  make  its  report  and 
recommendation  to  the  city  council  or  board 
of  trustees,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  file  the 
same  with  the  city  or  village  clerk  within 
ten  days  of  the  date  of  such  adjournment. 

Sec.  3.  At  any  time  after  the  public  hearing 
herein  provided  for,  and  not  more  than  thirty 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


825 


days  after  such  commission,  board  or  com- 
mittee shall  file  its  report  as  required  herein, 
the  owners  of  a  majority  of  the  land  or  lots 
within  the  proposed  district  according  to 
frontage  on  the  streets  dedicated  to  public 
use  shall  have  the  right  to  file  their  objection 
in  writing1  to  the  formation  of  such  district 
or  to  the  regulations  or  restrictions  proposed 
therein  Such  written  objection  may  consist 
of  one  sheet  or  of  a  number  of  sheets  bound 
together,  with  the  signatures  of  such  owners, 
the  location  of  the  property  and  the  amount 
of  frontage  owned  by  each  stated  thereon 
after  each  name,  and  the  same  may  be  filed 
with  the  commission,  board  or  committee 
designated  as  the  proper  authority  to  conduct 
such  proceedings.  Upon  the  filing  of  such 
objection,  if  it  shall  appear  that  the  owners 
of  such  a  majority  according  to  frontage  are 
opposed  to  the  formation  or  creation  of  such 
district  as  is  proposed,  or  to  the  regulatwns 
or  restrictions  proposed  for  any  such  district, 
all  proceedings  for  same  shall  be  discontinued, 
and  no  ordinance  for  the  creation  or  forma- 
tion of  such  district  in  such  territory  shall 
be  passed,  and  no  new  proceedings  for  the 
formation  or  creation  of  such  district  within 
the  said  territory  shall  be  begun  within  one 
year  after  the  filing  of  such  objection:  Pro- 
vided. That  if  said  objection  shall  state  that 
it  is  directed  only  against  certain  of  the  pro- 
posed regulations  and  restrictions,  specifying 
same,  new  proceedings  as  herein  provided  for 
may  be  begun  at  any  time  for  the  purpose  of 
creating  such  district  after  changing  or  modi- 
fying the  proposed  regulations  and  restrictions. 

Sec.  1.  The  regulations  imposed  and  the  dis- 
tricts created  under  the  authority  of  this  act 
may  be  amended,  supplemented  or  changed 
from  time  to  time  by  ordinance  after  the 
ordinance  establishing-  same  has  gone  into  ef- 
fect, but  no  such  change  shall  be  made  with- 
out notice  and  public  hearing  in  the  same 
manner  as  when  such  district  is  first  created, 
and  in  case  of  written  protest  against  a  pro- 
posed amendment,  supplement  or  change, 
signed  by  the  owners  of  20  per  cent  of  the 
frontage  proposed  to  be  altered,  or  by  the 
owners  of  20  per  cent  of-  the  frontage  im- 
mediately adjoining  or  across  an  alley  there- 
from, or  by  the  owners  of  20  per  cent  of 
the  frontage  directly  opposite  the  frontage 
proposed  to  be  altered,  filed  with  the  said 
commission,  board  or  committee  so  designated, 
such  amendment  shall  not  be  passed  except 
by  the  favorable  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the 
members  of  the  city  council  in  cities  or  of 
the  members  of  the  board  of,  trustees  in  vil- 
lages: Provided.  That  it  shnll  always  be  within 
the  power  of  the  owners  of  a  majority  of  the 
lands  and  lots  according  to  frontage  within 
a  proposed  addition  to  such  district  to  pre- 
vent such  addition  by  filing  objection  thereto 
as  herein  provided. 

Sec.  5.  Upon  the  passage  of  an  ordinance 
under  the  authority  of  this  act  a  certified 
copy  of  the  same,  together  with  a  plat  of  the 
territory  affected  certified  to  by  the  mayor  of 
the  city  or  president  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  village,  as  the  case  may  be.  shall 
be  filed  for  record  in  thj  office  of  the  recorder 
of  deeds  of  the  count  in  which  the  said  ter- 
ritory is  located,  and  no  such  ordinance  shal] 
take  effect  until  the  same  is  so  recorded.  (Ap- 
proved June  28.  1919.) 

NONPARTISAN    ELECTIONS    FOR 

ALDERMEN. 
Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  etc.:  That  an  ad 
entitled  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  incor- 
poration of  cities  and  villages."  annrovec 
April  10.  1872.  in  force  July  1.  1872,  as 
amended  by  subsequent  acts,  be  and  the  same 
is  hereby  amended,  in  pursuance  of  section  34 
of  Article  IV,  of  the  constitution,  by  adding 


o   article  XII.  thereof  twelve  new  sections  to 
be  known  as  sections  4,  5,  6,  7.  8,  9,  10,  11. 
12.    13   and    14    of   part    4    thereof,    said   new 
sections  to  read  as  follows: 
Part  Four. 

Sec.  4.  To  Whom  Applicable.  The  provi- 
sions of  this  act  shall  apply  to  all  elections 
for  aldermen  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  The  name 
of  no  person  shall  be  printed  upon  the  official 
ballot  as  a  candidate  for  alderman  unless 
the  terms  of  this  act  shall  have  been  com- 
plied with.  If  recall  elections  are  provided 
for,  to  be  held  within  the  city  of  Chicago,  the 
provisions  of  this  act  shall  apply  to  such 
elections,  except  to  the  extent  that  provisions 
inconsistent  herewith  are  made  by  law  provid- 
ng-  for  such  recall  elections. 

Sec.  5.  Times  for  Elections.  General  elec- 
tions for  aldermen  shall  be  held  in  the  year 
or  years  fixed  by  law  for  holding-  the  same, 
on  the  last  Tuesday  of  February  of  such  year. 
Any  supplementary  election  for  aldermen  held 
under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  held 
on  the  first  Tuesday  of  April  next  following 
the  holding  of  such  general  aldermanic  elec- 
tion. Special  aldermanic  elections  shall  be 
held  on  the  date  provided  for  by  the  ordinance 
calling-  the  same,  and  if  followed  by  a  sup- 
plementary election,  such  supplementary  elec- 
tion shall  be  held  four  weeks  thereafter. 

If  any  general  municipal  election  for  alder- 
men is  held  at  any  date  other  than  the  last 
Tuesday  in  February,  the  supplementary  mu- 
nicipal election  following  the  same  shall  be 
held  four  weeks  after  the  date  of  such  gen- 
eral municipal  election. 

Sec.  6.  Candidate  Receiving-  Majority  Elect- 
ed—Supplementary Elections.  The  candidate 
receiving  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  for  al- 
derman in  each  ward  at  any  general  -or  special 
election  shall  be  declared  elected.  In  the  event 
that  no  candidate  receives  a  majority  of  such 
votes  in  any  ward  or  wards  a  supplementary 
election  shall  be  held  at  the  time  prescribed 
in  the  preceding-  section.  At  such  supplement- 
ary election  the  names  of  the  candidates  in 
each  of  such  wards  receiving-  the  highest  and 
second  highest  number  of  votes  at  the  preced- 
ing- general  or  special  election  and  no  others 
shall  be  placed  on  the  official  ballot:  Pro- 
vided, however.  That  if  there  be  any  candidate 
who.  under  the  provisions  of  this  section, 
would  have  been  entitled  to  a  place  on  the 
ballot  at  the  supplementary  election  except 
for  the  fact  that  some  other  candidate  received 
an  equal  number  of  votes,  then  all  such  can- 
didates receiving-  such  equal  number  of  votes 
shall  have  their  names  printed  on  the  ballot 
as  candidates  at  such  succeeding-  supplement- 
ary election.  The  candidate  receiving  the 
highest  number  of  votes  at  such  supplement- 
ary election  shall  be  declared  elected.  Such 
supplementary  election  shall  be  deemed  a  spe- 
cial election  under  the  election  and  ballot  laws 
in  force  in  the  city  of  Chicago  and  shall  be 
governed  thereby  except  in  so  far  as  such 
laws  are  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of 
this  act. 

Sec.  7.  Nomination  by  Petition.  All  nom- 
inations for  aldermen  of  any  ward  in  the  city 
shall  be  by  petition.  All  petitions  for  nomina- 
tions of  candidates  shall  be  sisrned  by  such  a 
number  of  legal  voters  as  will  aggregate  not 
less  than  2  per  cent  and  not  more  than  5 
per  cent  of  all  the  votes  cast  for  alderman  in 
such  ward  at  the  last  preceding  general  elec- 
tion. All  such  petitions',  and  procedure  with 
respect  thereto,  shall  conform  in  other  respects 
to  the  provisions  of  the  election  and  ballot 
laws  then  in  force  in  the  city  of  Chicago  con- 
cerning- the  nomination  of  independent  candi- 
dates for  public  office  by  petition.  The  method 
of  nomination  herein  provided  is  exclusive  of 
and  replaces  all  other  methods  heretofore  pro- 
vided by  law. 


826 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Sec.  8.  Candidates  May  Withdraw.  Any  can- 
didate for  alderman  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act  may  withdraw  his  name  as  a  can- 
didate by  filing-  with  the  board  of  election 
commissioners  of  the  city  of  Chicago  not  later 
than  twenty  days  before  the  holding-  of  the 
election  his  written  request  signed  by  him  and 
duly  acknowledged  before  an  officer  qualified 
to  take  acknowledgments  of  deeds,  whereupon 
his  name  shall  not  be  printed  as  a  candidate 
upon  the  official  ballot. 

If  any  candidate  at  an  aldermanic  election 
who  was  not  elected  as  provided  for  herein 
but  who  shall  have  received  sufficient  votes 
to  entitle  him  to  a  place  on  the  official  ballot 
at  the  ensuing  supplementary  election  shall 
die  or  withdraw  his  candidacy  before  such 
supplementary  election,  the  name  of  the  can- 
didate who  shall  receive  the  next  highest  num- 
ber of  votes  shall  be  printed  on  the  ballot  in 
lieu  of  the  name  of  the  candidate  who  shall 
have  died  or  withdrawn  his  candidacy. 

Sec.  9.  Form  of  Ballot.  Ballots  to  be  used 
at  any  general,  supplementary  or  special  elec- 
tion held  under  the  provisions  of  this  act.  in 
addition  to  other  requirements  of  law,  shall 
conform  to  the  following  requirements: 

(1)  At    the    top    of    the    ballots    shall,  be 
printed  in  capital  letters  the  words  designating 
the   ballot.      If    a    general    aldermanic   election 
the   words    shall    be    "Official    aldermanic   elec- 
tion ballot":   if  a   supplementary  election   the 
designating    words    shall    be    "Official    supple- 
mentary aldermanic  election  ballot";  if  a  spe- 
cial   aldermanic   election,    the    words   shall  be 
"Special  aldermanic  election  ballot." 

(2)  Beginning   not   less   than    one   inch   be- 
low    such    designating     words     and     extending 
across  the  lace  of  the  ballot,  the  title  of  each 
office   to  be  filled  shall  be  printed  in  capital 

(3)  The  names   of  candidates  for  different 
terms    of    service    therein     (if    any    there    be), 
shall  be   arranged   and   printed   in   groups   ac- 
cording to  the  length  of  such  terms. 

(4)  Immediately    below    the    title    of    each 
office    or    group    heading    indicating    the    term 
of  office,   shall  be  printed  in  small  letters  the 
directions  to  voters.  "Vote  for  one." 

(5)  Following    thereupon    shall    be    printed 
the    names    of    the    candidates    for    such    office 
according    to    the    title    and    the    term    thereof 
and   below    the    name   of   each  candidate   shall 
be  printed  his  place   of   residence,    stating  the 
street    and    number    (if   any).      The   names   of 
candidates    shall   be    printed    in   capital    letters 
not   less   than   one-eighth   nor  more   than   one- 
quarter  of  an  inch  in  height,  and  immediately 
at    the    left    of    the    name    of    each    candidate 
shall  be  printed  a  square,  the  sides  of  which 
shall  not  be  less  than  one-quarter  of   an  inch 
in   length.      The   names    of    all   the   candidates 
for   each    office    shall  be   printed   in   a   column 
and    arranged    in    the    order  hereinafter   desig- 
nated:   all    the    names    of    candidates    shall   be 
printed  in  uniform  type:  the  place  of  residence 
of  such  candidates  shall  be  printed  in  uniform 
type:    and   squares   upon   said   ballots   shall  be 
of  uniform  size:  and  spaces  between  the  names 
of  the  candidates  for  the  same  office  shall  be 
of  uniform  size. 

(6)  Said    ballots    shall    be    prepared    in    as 
many    series    as    there    are    candidates    in    the 
group  in  which  there  are  the  most  names:  the 
ballots  of  the  first  series  shall  contain  all  the 
names    of    the    candidatps    for   each    group    to 
be     filed,      one     immediately     following     the 
other  in  alphabeticnl   order  according  to  their 
surnames;    the    ballots    of    the    second    series 
shall  be  like  those  of  the  first  series,  and  the 
names   of   the  candidates  in   the   second    series 
shall  be  arranged  in   the  same   order  as  those 
of  the   first   series,   except   that   the  name   ap- 
pearing first  in  the  list  of  candidates  for  each 


group  in  said  first  series  shall,  in  said  second 
series,  be  printed  after  all  the  other  names 
in  the  list  of  candidates  for  such  group:  the 
ballots  of  the  third  series  shall  be  like  those 
of  the  second  series,  and  the  names  of  the 
candidates  in  the  third  series  shall  be  arranged 
in  the  same  order  as  those  of  the  second  se- 
ries, except  that  the  name  first  appearing  in 
the  list  oif  candidates  for  each  group  in  said 
second  series  shall,  in  said  third  series,  be 
printed  after  all  the  other  names  in  the  list 
of  candidates  for  such  group;  and  so  on  suc- 
cessively, the  name  at  the  top  of  any  list  ol 
candidates  for  each  group  in  any  series  being 
placed  at  the  bottom  of  the  respective  lists 
of  candidates  for  such  group  in  each  succeed- 
ing series,  and  the  name  next  to  the  top  name 
in  any  list  of  candidates  for  each  group  being 
successively  advanced  to  the  top  of  the  list 
of  any  succeeding  series,  until  the  name  of 
each  candidate  for  each  group  shall  appear 
at  the  head  of  the  list  of  candidates  for  such 
group. 

Sec.  10.  Allotment  of  Ballots  by  Precincts. 
Each  precinct  of  any  ward  shall  be  allotted 
at  least  10  per  cent  more  ballots  of  any  one 
series  than  there  are  registered  voters  in  such 
precinct.  Every  precinct  in  such  ward  shall 
be  allotted  a-  different  series  of  ballots  unless 
there  are  more  precincts  in  such  ward  than 
there  are  series  of  ballots  printed  for  such 
ward.  The  first  precinct  of  each  ward  shall 
be  allotted  the  first  series  of  ballots,  the  sec- 
ond precinct  of  such  ward  the  second  series, 
and  so  on  successively  until  the  entire  series 
of  ballots  shall  have  been  exhausted,  where- 
upon the  next  precinct  of  such  ward  shall  be 
allotted  the  first  series  of  ballots,  and  so  on 
in  rotation  until  all  the  precincts  of  such  ward 
shall  have  been  supplied  with  the  requisite 
number  of  ballots:  Provided,  however.  That  in 
the  event  that  there  are  more  series  of  bal- 
lots than  there  are  precincts  in  any  ward,  then 
the  ballots  for  such  ward  shall  be  so  distrib- 
uted in  said  ward  that  an  equal  number  of 
each  series  of  ballots  as  nearly  as  possible 
shall  be  allotted  to  such  ward  irrespective  of 
the  number  of  precincts  in  such  ward. 

On  the  back  or  outside  of  the  ballot  of  each 
precinct  so  as  to  appear  when  folded  shall'  be 
printed  the  appropriate  words  designating  said 
ballot,  followed  by  the  designation  of  said  pre- 
cinct, the  date  of  the  election,  and  a  facsimile 
oi  the  proper  election  official. 

Sec.  11.  Party  Designations  Prohibited— Bal- 
lot to  Be  Separate  from  Other  Ballots.  No 
party  name,  party  initial,  party  circle,  plat- 
form, principle,  appellation  or  distinguishing 
mark  of  any  kind  shall  be  printed  upon  any 
election  ballot  used  at  any  election  held  tinder 
the  provisions  of  this  act. 

If  any  party  primary  election  or  any  elec- 
tion for  any  office  other  than  aldermanic  shall 
be  held  at  the  same  time  with  any  aldermanic 
election,  the  ballots  for  aldermen  shall  be  sep- 
arate from  all  other  ballots,  except  that  any 
question  of  public  policy  not  required  by  law 
to  be  submitted  on  a  separate  ballot  from 
that  containing  the  names  of  persons  to  be 
voted  for  may  be  submitted  in  the  manner 
provided  by  law  upon  the  same  ballot  as  that 
used  for  an  aldermanic  election:  Provided. 
That  the  polls  shall  be  opened  and  closed  for 
any  aldermnnic  election  at  the  snme  time  as  is 
provided  for  the  opening  and  closing  of  any 
party  primnry  election  for  any  office  other 
than  alderman  held  at  the  same  time. 

Sec  12.  Challengers  and  Watchers.  Any 
candidate  for  alderman  \inder  the  terms  of 
1  this  act  may  appoint  in  writing-  over  his  sig- 
nature not  more  than  one  representative  for 
each  place  of  voting,  who  shall  have  the  right 
to  act  as  challenger  and  watcher  for  such  can- 
didate at  any  election  at  which  his  name  Is 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  I82o. 


827 


being-  voted  upon.  Such  challeng-er  and 
watcher  shall  have  the  same  powers  and 
privileges  as  a  challenger  and  watcher  under 
the  election  laws  of  this  state  applicable  to 
Chicago.  No  political  party  shall  have  the 
right  to  keep  any  challenger  or  watcher  at 
any  polling-  place  at  any  election  held  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act  unless  candidates 
for  some  office  other  than  alderman  are  to  be 
voted  for  at  the  same  time. 

Sec.  13.  Certificate  of  Election.  No  certifi- 
cate of  election  shall  be  given  to  any  candi- 
date who  shall  be  declared  elected  at  any  gen- 
eral  aldermanic  election  until  after  the  date 
fixed  by  this  act  for  the  holding-  of  the  sup- 
plementary election  herein  provided  for. 

Sec.  14.  Election  Laws  Apply  When  Consist- 
ent Herewith.  All  laws  in  force  in  the  city 
of  Chicago  governing-  elections  for  municipal 
offices  or  applicab'e  thereto  and  not  incon- 
sistent with  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
apply  to  and  govern  all  elections  held  under 
the  terms  of  this  act. 

Sec.  2.  Adoption  of  This  Act.  This  act  shall 
not  be  in  force  in  the  city  of  Chicago  until 
the  question  of  its  adontion  shall  first  have 
been  submitted  to  the  legal  voters  of  the  city 
of  Chicago  and  approved  by  a  majority  of 
those  voting:  thereon. 

The  question  of  the  adoption  of  this  act 
by  the  city  of  Chicago  shall  be  submitted  to 
such  legal  voters  at  the  first  general,  munic- 
ipal, or  special  election  in  and  for  the  entire 
city  to  be  held  after  the  passage  of  this  act, 
or  before  that  time  at  a  special  auction  to 
be  called  by  the  city  council  by  ordinance. 

If  this  act  shall  fail  to  be  adopted  at  the 
election  aforesaid  by  a  majority  of  the  legal 
voters  of  the  city  of  Chicago  voting-  thereon, 
the  city  council  of  the  city  of  Chicago  may 
by  ordinance  direct  that  the  question  of  the 
adoption  of  this  act  again  be  submitted  to 
such  legal  voters  at  any  general,  municipal  or 
special  election  in  and  for  the  entira  city  to 
be  held  not  less  than  thirty  days  from  and 
after  the  passage  of  such  ordinance.  The  city 
clerk  of  the  city  of  Chicago  shall  promptly 
certify  the  passage  of  such  ordinance  to  the 
board  of  election  commissioners  of  the  city  of 
Chicago,  and  it  shall  thereupon  be  the  duty  of 
said  board  of  election  commissioners  to  submit 
the  question  of  the  adoption  of  this  act  to 
such  legal  voters  at  such  election. 

If  this  act  shall  fail  to  be  adopted  at  the 
election  referred  to  in  paragraph  2  of  this 
section  by  a  majority  of  the  legal  voters  vot- 
ing thereon,  the  question  of  the  adoption  of 
this  act  may  also  again  be  submitted  to  the 
legal  voters  of  the  city  of  Chicago  at  any 
general,  municipal  or  special  election  in  and 
for  the  entire  city  to  be  held  not  less  than 
forty  days  from  and  after  the  filing-  of  the 
petition  hereinafter  provided  for.  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner:  A  petition  signed  by  legal 
voters  of  the  city  equal  in  number  to  at  least 
5  per  cent  of  the  legal  voters  of  the  city  vot- 
ing at  the  last  preceding  election  for  mayor, 
demanding  the  submission  of  the  question  of 
the  adoption  of  this  act.  may  be  filed  with 
said  board  of  election  commissioners,  and  it 
shall  thereupon  be  the  duty  of  said  board  of 
election  commissioners  to  submit  the  question 
of  the  adoption  of  this  act  to  such  legal  voters 
at  the  election  specified  in  said  petition. 

If  this  act  shall  fail  to  be  adopted,  at  any 
time,  at  which  it  is  submitted  under  the  re- 
quirements of  this  section,  by  a  majority  of 
the  legal  voters  of  the  city  of  Chicago  voting: 
thereon,  then  it  may  be  resubmitted  from  time 
to  time  by  ordinance  or  petition  as  above 
provided. 

The  said  board  of  election  commissioners 
shall  give  notice  of  any  election  provided  for 
in  this  section  by  publishing  a  notice  thereof, 
not  less  than  twenty  days  prior  to  such  elec- 


tion, in  at  least  one  newspaper  of  general  cir- 
culation published  in  the  city  of  Chicago. 

The  ballot  19  be  used  at  such  election  shall 
be  in   substantially  the   following  form: 


For  the  adoption  of  an  act  to 
amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act 
to  provide  for  the  incorpora- 
tion of  cities  and  villages." 
so  as  to  provide  for  nonparti- 
san  elections  for  aldermen  in 
the  city  of  Chicago. 


Yes 


If  a  majority  of  such  legal  voters  of  the 
city  of  Chicago,  voting  thereon  at  any  such 
election,  shall  vote  for  the  adoption  of  this 
act,  it  shall  thereby  and  thereupon  be  adopt- 
ed. (Approved  June  28,  1919.) 

MUNICIPAL  CONVENTION  HALLS. 

Every  city  in  this  state  which  has  a  popu- 
lation exceeding  100.000  inhabitants  shall 
have  power  and  authority,  and  such  power  and 
authority  are  hereby  granted,  to  acquire,  own. 
construct,  manage,  control,  maintain  and  op- 
erate within  the  corporate  limits  of  such  city 
a  municipal  convention  hall  or  municipal 
convention  halls  with  all  necessary  adjuncts 
thereto. 

Sec.  2.  Acquisition  of  Property— Appropria- 
tions—Taxes— Bonds.  Every  such  city  shall 
have  full  power  to  acquire  by  dedication,  gift, 
lease,  contract,  purchase  or  condemnation  all 
property  and  rights,  necessary  or  proper,  with- 
in the  corporate  limits  of  the  city,  for  such 
municipal  convention  h->ll  purposes:  and  to  ap- 
propriate money,  to  levy  and  collect  taxes,  to 
borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  city  lor 
such  purposes  and  to  issue  bonds  therefor. 

In  all  cases  where  property  is  acquired  or 
sought  to  be  acquired  by  condemnation,  the 
procedure  shall  be.  as  nearly  as  may  be.  like 
that  provided  for  in  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
provide  for  the  ex^cise  of  the  right  to  emi- 
nent domain."  approved  April  10,  1872.  in 
force  July  1.  1872,  and  all  amendments  there- 
to now  in  force  or  which  may  hereafter  be 
enacted. 

Sec.  3.  Appropriations  and  Bond  Issues- 
How  Made.  All  appropriations  and  bond  is- 
sues for  the  use  of  any  such  municipal  con- 
vention hall  shall  be  made  by  the  city  council 
in  the  manner  provided  by  law.  All  warrants 
upon  which  any  portion  of  said  funds  is  to 
be  paid  out  sh^ll  bear  the  signature  of  such 
official  or  officials  as  may  be  designated  by 
the  city  council. 

Sec.  4.  Payment  of  Bonds  and  Interest.  The 
city  council  shall,  in  the  manner  and  at  the 
time  or  times  provided  by  law.  by  ordinance 
provide  for  the  collection  of  a  direct  annual 
tax  sufficient  to  pay  the  interest  on  such  bonds 
as  it  falls  due.  and  also  to  pay  and  discharge 
the  principal  thereof  at  the  time  such  princi- 
pal falls  due. 

Sec.  5.  Letting  Convention  Hall  to  Assem- 
blage. Every  such  city  which  shall  acquire 
and  own  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  a 
municipal  convention  hall,  shall  have  power 
and  authority,  and  such  power  and  authority- 
are  hereby  granted,  to  license  or  lease  out  all 
or  any  part  of  the  same  to  gatherings  or 
assemblages  for  definite  short  periods  of  time, 
upon  such  terms  and  compensation  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  the  city  council  or  as  may  be 
determined  by  and  through  ordinances,  rules 
or  regulations  passed  or  prescribed  by  the 
city  council. 

Sec.  6.  Free  Use  to  Inhabitants  and  Local 
Organizations.  The  city  council  under  rules 
and  regulations  prescribed  by  general  ordi- 
nance, and  not  otherwise,  may  provide  for 
granting  the  free  use  of  such  municipal  con- 
vention hall  to  the  inhabitants  of  such  city 


828 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


or  to  local  bodies  or  organizations  existing 
within  such  city,  for  civic,  patriotic,  educa- 
tional, charitable  or  political  uses  and  pur- 
poses and  for  historic  celebrations,  free  amuse- 
ments, concerts,  entertainments,  lectures  and 
discussions. 

Sec.  7.  City  Council  May  Pass  Ordinances 
to  Regulate  Convention  Hall.  The  city  coun- 
cil may  from  time  to  time  establish  by  ordi- 
nance all  needful  rules  and  regulations  for  the 
management  and  control  of  any  such  municipal 
convention  hall.  All  ordinances  for  the  vio- 
lations of  which  fines  are  imposed  shall  be 
published  in  the  newspaper  selected  as  the  of- 
ficial journal  of  the  city,  and  the  same  may  be 
printed  in  book  or  pamphlet  form  in  such 
manner  as  the  city  council  shall  direct,  and 
rules  framed  in  conformity  with  such  ordi- 
nances shall  be  brought  to  the  notice  of  the 
public  by  being  posted  in  conspicuous  places 
in  the  convention  hall.  When  such  ordinances 
are  printed  in  book  or  pamphlet  form,  pur- 
porting to  be  published  by  authority  of  the 
city  council,  such  book  or  pamphlet  shall  be 
received  as  evidence  of  the  contents  of  such 
ordinances,  and  of  the  passage  and  publica- 
tion thereof  as  of  the  dates  therein  men- 
tioned in  all  courts  without  further  proof. 

Sec.  8.  Books  of  Account.  Every  city  own- 
ing and  operating  any  such  municipal  conven- 
tion hall  shall  keep  books  of  account  for 
such  convention  hall,  separate  and  distinct 
from  other  city  accounts  and  in  such  manner 
as  to  show  the  true  and  complete  financial 
standing  and  results  of  such  city  ownership 
and  operation.  Such  account  shall  be  so  kept 
as  to  show  the  actual  cost  v  to  such  city  of 
maintenance,  extension  and  improvement;  all 
operating  expenses  of  every  description;  if  wa- 
ter or  other  service  shall  be  furnished  for  the 
use  of  such  convention  hall  without  charge, 
the  accounts  shall  show,  as  nearly  as  possible, 
the  value  of  such  service,  and  also  the  value 
of  any  use  or  service  rendered  by  the  conven- 
tion hall  to  the  city  without  charge;  such 
accounts  shall  also  show  reasonable  allow- 
ances for  interest,  depreciation  and  insurance, 
and  also  estimates  of  the  amount  of  taxes 
that  would  be  chargeable  against  such  prop- 
erty if  owned  by  a  private  corporation.  The 
city  council  shall  cause  to  be  printed  an- 
nually for  'public  distribution  a  report  show- 
ing the  financial  results,  in  form  as  aforesaid, 
of  such  city  ownership  and  operation.  The 
accounts  of  such  convention  hall,  kept  as 
aforesaid,  shall  be  examined  at  least  once  a 
year  by  an  expert  accountant,  who  shall  re- 
port to  the  city  council  the  results  of  his 
examination.  Such  expert  accountant  shall  be 
selected  in  such  manner  as  the  city  council 
may  direct,  and  he  shall  receive  for  his  serv- 
ices such  compensation,  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
income  or  revenues  from  such  convention 
hall,  as  the  city  council  may  prescribe. 

Sec.  9.  Definitions.  The  following  words 
and  phrases  in  this  act  shall,  unless  the  same 
are  inconsistent  with  the  context,  be  con- 
strued as  follows: 

1.  The   words    "convention   hall"    or    "mu- 
nicipal convention  hall"   shall  be  construed  to 
mean   a   municipally    owned    building   or   audi- 
torium   with    all    necessary    adjuncts    thereto, 
used,   licensed  or  leased  out  for  definite   short 
periods  of  time  for  gatherings  or  assemblages 
of  people,  either  small  or  large,  whether  local, 
state,   or  national  in  character. 

2.  The    words     "municipal    convention    hall 
purposes"  shall  be  construed  to  mean  the  mu- 
nicipal   corporate   purposes   defined   and  desig- 
nated in  this  act. 

3.  The    objects    and    purposes    in    this    act 
defined   and   set   forth   are   hereby   declared    to 
be  municipal  corporate  objects  and  purposes. 

Sec.  10.  Act  Not  to  Be  Affected  by  Inva- 
lidity of  Any  Part.  If  any  section,  subdivision 


or  clause  of  this  act  is  for  any  reason  held 
invalid  or  unconstitutional,  such  decision  or 
holding  shall  not  affect  the  validity  of  the  re- 
maining portions  of  this  act  which  can  be 
given  effect  without  such  invalid  part.  (Ap- 
proved June  28.  1919.) 

ASSESSMENT  OF   PROPERTY. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.:  That  sections  17  and  18 
of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  for  the  assessment 
of  property  and  providing  the  means  therefor, 
and  to  repeal  a  certain  act  therein  named," 
approved  Feb.  25,  1898,  in  force  July  1,  1898, 
as  subsequently  amended,  be  and  the  same  are 
hereby  further  amended  so  that  said  sections 
shall  read  respectively  as  follows: 

Sec.  17.  The  assessor  shall  furnish  to  each 
person  required  to  list  personal  property  a 
printed  blank  schedule,  forms  to  be  furnished 
by  the  auditor  of  public  accounts,  upon  which 
shall  be  printed  a  notice  substantially  as  fol- 
lows: 

"This  schedule  must  'be  filled  out,  sworn  to 
and  returned  to  me  in  person  or  by  mail  at 

(address)    on  or  before 

You  are  to  give  a  full, 

fair  cash  value  of  the  articles  mentioned  as 
well  as  the  amount  of  money  required  to  be 
returned.  Only  one-half  of  the  several  amounts 
will  be  taken  and  assessed  for  the  purpose  of 
taxation. 

( Signature) 

"Assessor." 

There  shall  also  be  printed  upon  such  blank 
the  schedule  now  required  by  law,  and  the 
following,  which,  is  a  part  of  this  section: 
And  every  person  required  to  list  personal 
property  or  money  shall  fill  out,  subscribe  and 
swear  to.  and  return  to  the  assessor  in  per- 
son or  by  mail,  at  the  time  required,  such 
schedule  in  accordance  with  law,  giving  the 
numbers,  amounts,  quantity  and  quality  of  all 
the  articles  enumerated  in  said  schedule  by 
him  possessed,  or  under  his  control,  required 
to  be  listed  by  him  for  taxation.  The  as- 
sessor shall  determine  and  fix  the  fair  cash 
value  of  all  items  of  personal  property,  in- 
cluding all  grain  on  hand  on  the  1st  day  of 
April,  and  set  down  the  same,  as  well  as  the 
amounts  of  notes,  accounts,  bonds  and  mon- 
eys, in  a  column  headed  "full  value,"  and  as- 
certain and  assess  the  same  at  one-half  part 
thereof,  and  set  down  said  one-half  part  there- 
of in  a  column  headed  "assessed  value,"  which 
last  amount  shall  be  the  assessed  value  there- 
of for  all  purposes  of  taxation.  The  assessor 
or  some  person  authorized  by  law  to  adminis- 
ter an  oa.th  shall  adminster  the  oath  re- 
quired in  this  section. 

Sec.  18.  Personal  property  shall  be  valued 
at  its  fair  cash  value,  less  such  deductions  as 
may  be  allowed  -by  law  to  be  made  from 
credits,  which  value  shall  bo  set  down  in  one- 
column,  to  be  headed  "full  value."  and  one- 
half  part  thereof  shall  be  ascertained  and  set 
down  in  another  column  which  shall  be  headed 
"assessed  value."  Real  property  shall  be 
valued  at  its  fair  cash  value,  estimated  at  the 
price  it  would  bring  at  a  fair  voluntary  sale 
in  the  course  of  trade,  which  shall  be  set 
down  in  one  column  to  be  headed  "full  value," 
and  one-half  part  thereof  shall  be  set  down 
in  another  column,  which  shall  be  headed  "as- 
sessed value." 

The  state  board  of  equalization  in  valuing 
property  assessed  by  them  shall  ascertain  and 
determine  respectively  the  fair  cash  value  of 
such  property,  which  fair  cash  value  shall  be 
set  down  in  one  column  to  be  headed  "full 
value,"  and  one-half  part  thereof  shall  be 
ascertained  and  set  down  in  another  column, 
which  shall  be  headed  "assessed  value."  The 
one-half  value  of  all  property  so  ascertained 
and  set  down  shall  be  the  assessed  value  for 
all  purposes  of  taxation,  limitation  of  taxa- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


829 


tion  and  limitation  of  indebtedness  prescribed 
in  the  constitution  or  any  statute.  (Approved 
June  30.  1919.) 

RATES    OP   TAXATION. 

All  cities,  villages  and  incorporated  towns 
in  the  state  now  having:  the  power  to  levy 
and  collect  as  high  a  rate  of  taxation  as  is 
herein  authorized  and  provided  for,  shall  here- 
after have  power  to  assess,  le'.  y  and  collect. 
annually  upon  the  taxable  property  within 
their  respective  limits,  for  all  corporate  pur- 
poses. in  addition  to  all  taxes  which  any  such 
city  town  or  village  may  now  or  hereafter 
be  authorized  by  law  to  levy  and  collect  to 
support  and  maintain  schools,  erect  school 
buildings  and  for  all  other  school  purposes. 
and  to  pay  interest  on  its  registered  bonded 
indebtedness,  such  an  amount  as  their  re- 
spective corporate  authorities  may  prescribe. 
not  exceeding  in  any  year  the  rate  of  40 
cents  on  each  $100  of  the  assessed  valuation 
of  such  taxable  property  as  equalized  by  the 
state  board  of  equalization  for  the  preceding 
year.  And  the  rate  authorized  by  this  act 
shall  be  in  lieu  of  all  rates  and  items  of  tax- 
ation now  provided  and  authorized  in  such 
charters,  for  all  purposes  other  than  schools, 
the  erection  of  school  buildings  and  all  other 
school  purposes,  and  for  paying  interest  on 
the  registered  bonded  indebtedness  of  such 
city,  town  or  village.  (Approved  June  30. 


The  city  council  of  each  city  and  board  of 
trustees  of  each  village  or  incorporated  town, 
whether  organized  under  the  general  law  or 
special  charter,  which  include  wholly  within 
their  corporate  limits  a  town  or  towns,  shall 
have  power  and  may  annually  levy  a  tax  for 
street  and  bridge  purposes  of  not  to  exceed 
24  cents  on  each  $100  on  all  the  taxable 

Sroperty  in  any  township  lying  wholly  with- 
i  the  limits  of  such  city,  village  or  incor- 
porated town:  Provided.  That  if  in  the  opin- 
ion of  three-fourths  of  the  members  elected  to 
the  city  council  or  board  of  trustees  of  such 
city,  village  or  incorporated  town,  a  greater 
levy  for  bridge  and  street  purposes  is  needed 
in  view  of  some  contingency,  an  additional 
levy  may  be  made  of  any  sum  not  exceed- 
ing 16  2-3  cents  on  the  $100  of  such  taxable 
property.  Said  street  and  bridge  tax  author- 
ized by  this  act  shall  be  in  addition  to  any 
tax  any  such  city,  village  or  incorporated 
town  is  now  authorized  to  levy  for  street  or 
bridge  purposes  and  shall  be  in  addition 
to  the  tax  that  such  city,  village  or  incor- 
porated town  is  now  authorized  to  levy  upon 
the  aggregate  valuation  of  all  property  within 
such  city,  village  or  incorporated  town,  and 
the  county  clerk,  in  reducing  tax  levies  tinder 
the  provisions  of  section  2  of  an  act  entitled 
"An  act  concerning-  the  levy  and  extfnsion  of 
taxes."  approved  May  9.  1901.  in  force  July  1, 
1901,  as  subsequently  amended.  sha>l  consider 
said  street  and  bridge  tax  authorized  by  this 
act  as  a  road  and  bridge  tax.  and  not  to  be 
included  in  the  limitation  of  2  per  cerM  "f 
the  assessed  valuation  upon  which  taxefl  .ire 
required  to  be  extended.  (Approved  Ju*  30. 
1919.) 

Levy  and  Collection  of  Taxes. 
The  city  council  or  board  of  trustees,  as 
the  case  may  be.  shall  annually,  on  or  before 
the  third  Tuesday  in  September  in  each  year, 
ascertain  the  total  amount  of  appropriations 
for  all  corporate  purposes  legally  made  and 
to  be  collected  from  the  tax  levy  of  that 
fiscal  year;  and.  by  an  ordinance  specifying 
in  detail  the  purposes  for  which  such  appro- 
priations are  made  and  the  sum  or  amount 
appropriated  for  each  purpose  respectively. 
shall  levy  the  amount  so  ascertained  upon  all 
the  property  subject  to  taxation  within  the 
city  or  village  as  the  same  is  assessed  and 


equalized  for  state  and  county  purposes  for 
the  current  year.  A  certified  copy  of  such 
ordinance  shall  be  filed  with  the  county  clerk 
of  the  proper  county,  whose  duty  it  shall  be 
to  ascertain  the  rate  per  cent  which,  upon  the 
total  valuation  of  all  property  subject  to  tax- 
ation within  the  city  or  village  as  the  same  is 
assessed  and  equalized  for  state  and  county 
purposes,  will  produce  a  net  amount  of  not 
less  than  the  amount  so  directed  to  be  levied, 
and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  county  clerk 
to  extend  such  tax  in  a  separate  column  upon 
the  book  or  books  of  the  collectpr  or  col- 
lectors of  state  and  county  taxes  within  such 
city  or  village.  And  where  the  corporate 
limits  of  any  city  or  village  shall  lie  partly  in 
two  or  more  counties,  the  city  council  or 
board  of  trustees  shall  ascertain  the  total 
amount  of  all  taxable  property  lying  within 
the  corporate  limits  of  saM  city  or  village  in 
each  county  as  the  same  is  assessed  and  equal- 
ized for  state  and  county  purposes  for  the 
current  year,  and  certify  the  amount  of  tax- 
able property  in  each  county  within  said  city 
or  village,  under  the  seal  of  said  city  or  vil- 
lage, to  the  county  clerk  of  the  county  where 
the  seat  of  government  of  such  city  or  vil- 
lage is  situated,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
ascertain  the  rate  per  cent  which,  upon  the 
total  valuation  of  all  property  subject  to  tax- 
ation within  the  city  or  village,  ascertained  as 
aforesaid,  will  produce  a  net  amount  not  less 
than  the  amount  so  directed  to  be  levied;  and 
said  clerk  shall,  as  soon  as  said  rate  per  cent 
of  taxation  is  ascertained,  certify  under  his 
hand  and  seal  of  office  to  the  county  clerk 
of  any  other  county  wherein  a  portion  of 
said  city  or  village  is  situate,  such  rate  per 
cent,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  county 
clerk  to  whom  such  rate  per  cent  is  certified 
to  extend  such  tax  in  a  separate  column  upon 
the  book  or  books  of  the  collector  or  col- 
lectors of  the  state  and  county  taxes  for  such 
county  against  all  property  in  his  county 
within  the  limits  of  said  city  or  village;  Pro- 
vided, the  aggregate  amount  of  taxes  so  levied 
for  any  one  year,  exclusive  of  the  amount 
levied  for  the  payment  of  bonded  indebted- 
ness or  interest  thereon,  and  exclusive  of 
taxes  levied  for  the  purposes  of  pension  funds, 
public  library  and  municipal  tuberculosis  sani- 
tarium, shall  not  exceed  the  rate  of  1.43% 
per  centum  from  the  taking-  effect  of  this  act 
to  and  including-  the  year  1921  and  thereafter 
not  to  exceed  eight-tenths  of  1  per  centum  in 
cities  vand  villages  of  150.000  or  more  popu- 
lation according  to  the  last  national  or  ^tate 
census,  and  the  aggregate  amount  of  taxes  so 
levied  for  any  one  year,  exclusive  of  the 
amount  levied  for  the  payment  of  bonded  in- 
debtedness or. interest  thereon  and  exclusive 
of  taxes  authorized  by  law  for  specific  pur- 
poses shall  not  exceed  the  rate  of  1%  per 
centum  from  the  taking  effect  of  this  act  to 
and  including  the  year  1921  and  thereafter 
eight-tenths  of  1  per  centum  in  cities  and 
villages  of  less  than  150.000  population  ac- 
cording to  the  last  national  or  state  census, 
and  county  taxes  for  the  current  year:  And 
provided  further:  That  nothing  herein  con- 
tained shall  be  held  to  repeal  or  modify  the 
limitations  contained  in  an  act  entitled  "An  act 
concerning-  the  levy  and  extension  of  taxes," 
approved  May  9,  1901.  in  force  July  1.  1901. 
as  subsequently  amended.  The  city  council, 
board  of  trustees,  or  mayor  and  commission- 
ers, as  the  case  may  be.  of  any  city  or  village 
having-  a  population  of  less  than  20,000  shall 
have  the  power,  for  the  purpose  of  oiling  the 
streets  or  public  highways  within  the  corporate 
limits  of  such  city  or  village,  to  direct  the 
payment  of  the  costs  thereof  out  of  any 
moneys  in  the  city  or  village  treasury  not 
otherwise  appropriated.  (Approved  June  30, 
191 £7.) 


830 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


SANITARY   DISTRICT    AND    ELECTRICAL 
ENERGY. 

The  sanitary  district  of  Chicago  is  empow- 
ered upon  such  terms  and  conditions  as  may 
be  agreed  upon  between  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  sanitary  district  of  Chicago  and  the 
department  of  public  works  and  buildings  of 
the  state  of  Illinois,  to  develop  into  electrical 
energy  any  water  power  in  the  Des  Flames 
river  rendered  available  by  the  construction 
of  the  Illinois  waterway,  or  to  lease  or  pur- 
chase any  electrical  energy  developed  by  the 
state  of  Illinois  in  connection  with  the  Illi- 
nois waterway  in  the  Des  Plaines  river.  The 
electrical  energy  acquired  under  the  provisions 
of  the  act  may  be  transmitted  to  the  various 
cities,  villages  and  towns  within  the  sanitary 
district  of  Chicago,  or  adjacent  to  the  main 
channel  of  the  santfary  district  of  Chicago,  or 
the  city  of  Joliet,  and  sold  to  any  public 
agency,  person,  firm  or  corporation  for  public 
or  private  consumption  upon  such  terms  and 
conditions  as  may  be  agreed  to  by  the  sanitary 
district  of  Chicago,  subject,  however,  to  the 
right  of  the  public  utilities  commission  of  the 
state  of  Illinois  to  fix  the  maximum  rate 
which  may  be  charged  for  any  electrical 
energy  developed  from  such  water  power. 
(Approved  June  17.  1919.) 

PENSIONING  OF   JUDGES. 

Any  judge  of  a  court  of  record  in  the  state 
of  Illinois,  whether  of  the  Supreme.  Circuit, 
Superior,  Probate.  County,  City  or  Municipal 
court,  who  has  served  as  a  judge  in  any  one 
or  more  of  said  courts  for  a  period  or  pe- 
riods aggregating  twenty-four  years,  when  he 
reaches  the  age  of  65  years  and  shall  by  res- 
ignation or  otherwise  have  ended  such  serv- 
ice, shall,  after  such  service  of  twenty-four 
years  and  after  reaching  the  age  of  65  years, 
be  entitled  to  and  shall  receive  annually  a  pen- 
sion during  the  remainder  of  his  life  for  a 
sum  equal  in  amount  to  one  half  the  sum  an- 
nually received  as  compensation  for  his  judi- 
cial service  during  the  last  year  thereof. 

The  pension  of  any  such  judge  shall  be 
paid  in  the  same  manner  as  the  salary  of  such 
judge  was  paid  during  his  peroid  of  service 
from  state,  county  or  city  respectively  or  out 
of  moneys  not  otherwise  appropriated. 
(Approved  June  28.  1919.) 

AMERICAN   INDIAN  DAY. 

The  fourth  Friday  of  September  of  each 
year  is  hereby  designated  "American  Indian 
Day,"  to  be  observed  throughout  the  state 
as  a  day  on  which  to  hold  appropriate  exer- 
cises in  commemoration  of  the  American 
Indians.  (Approved  June  28,  1919.) 

ENLARGING   LINCOLN   PARK. 

The  commissioners  of  Lincoln  park  are  au- 
thorized, if  the  proposition  is  approved  by  the 
voters,  to  issue  from  time  to  time  bonds  not 
to  exceed  $2,000,000  for  the  purpose  t)f  en- 
larging and  improvinsr  Lincoln  park  and  com- 
pleting work  already  begun.  (Approved  May 

-j         -i  Q1  O    \ 

FOR    BOULEVARD    LINK. 

The  commissioners  of  Lincoln  park  are  also 
authorized,  upon  approval  by  the  voters,  to 
issue  bonds  not  to  exceed  $1,000.000  to  aid 
in  the  construction  of  elevated  boulevards,  the 
approaches  thereto,  etc.,  located  wholly  or  in 
part  in  the  district  taxable  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  Lincoln  park.  (Approved  June  28. 
1919.) 

WOMAN  SUFFRAGE   AMENDMENT 
RATIFIED. 

Illinois  was  the  first  state  in  the  union  to 
ratify  the  woman  suffrage  amendment  to  the 
federal  constitution.  Both  houses  of  the  leg- 
islature June  10,  1919,  passed  a  joint  resolu- 
tion ratifying  the  amendment.  Owing  to  a 


minor  error  in.  the  wording  the  resolution 
was  again  passed  June  17.  The  vote  in  the 
house  was  132  to  3.  only  Representatives 
Browne  of  LaSalle  and  Representatives  Grif- 
fin and  Smith  of  Chicago  voting  no.  In  the 
senate  there  was  no  negative  vote. 

NATIONAL       PROHIBITION       AMENDMENT 
RATIFIED. 

The  prohibition  amendment  to  the  federal 
constitution  was  ratified  by  the  senate  Jan.  8. 
1919,  and  the  house  Jan.  14.  The  vote  in 
the  senate  was  30  to  16  and  in  the  house 
84  to  66. 

OTHER  LEGISLATION. 

Among-  the  acts  passed  by  the  51st  general 
assembly  not  specified  in  the  foregoing  list 
were  the  following  : 

Revising  the  game  and  fish   code. 

Creating  the  Zion  City  investigating  com- 
mission. 

Amending  the  law  in  relation  to  arbitrations 
and  awards. 

Providing  for  the  licensing  of  architects  and 
regulating  the  practice  of  architecture. 

Revising  the  law  with  relation  to  banks 
and  banking. 

Establishing  a  state  sanitarium  for  female 
offenders  above  the  age  of  18  years. 

Defining  and  regulating  boarding  homes  for 
children. 

Amending  the  act  defining  the  powers  of 
officers  of  cities  and  villages. 

Amending   the   state   civil    service   law. 

Amending  the  various  corporation  laws. 

Amending   securities   or   "blue   sky"    law. 

Amending  laws  relating  to  county  com- 
missioners. 

Amending  the  Chicago  Municipal  court  law 
and  increasing  the  salary  of  the  clerk  and 
bailiff  to  $9,000  each. 

Amending  certain  sections  of  the  criminal 
code. 

Enlarging  the  Chicago  sanitary  district  to 
include  territory  in  and  near  Brookfield.  La- 
Grange,  Western  Springs  and  LaGrange  Park. 

Extending  the  north  shore  sanitary  district 
to  the  Wisconsin  state  line. 

Providing  for  voting  by  absentees. 

Allowing  judges  and  clerks  of  election  $6 
a  day  for  their  services. 

Amending  the  law  in  relation  to  the  nomi- 
nation of  candidates  by  political  parties. 

Providing  for  the  registration  of  electors 
under  board  of  election  commissioners. 

Providing  for  the  rehabilitation  of  physi- 
cally incapacitated  persons. 

Revising  the   workmen's  compensation  law. 

Providing  for  fire  escapes  on  certain  build- 
ings. 

Revising  the  act  in  relation  to  idiots,  drunk- 
ards and  spendthrifts. 

Revising  the  insurance  laws. 

Providing  for  the  establishment  of  a  college 
of  veterinary  surgeons  at  the  University  of 
Illinois. 

ulating  the  practice  of  optometry. 

lating  the  practice  of  nursing, 
ising  the  laws  in  relation  to  health   and 
of  persons  employed  in  coal  mines. 

Regulating   the  use  of   motor  vehicles. 

Revising   or   amending   certain   pension   laws. 

Revising  the  inheritance   tax   law. 

Amending  the  mothers'  pension  act. 

Amending  numerous  Chicago  bond  bills  to 
conform  with  new  basis  of  assessments. 

Authorizing  the  award  of  medals  to  soldiers 
and  sailors. 

Regulating  state  finances. 

Regulating  and  licensing  of  structural  en- 
gineers. 

Making  appropriations  for  state  aid  roads, 
the  Illinois  waterway,  governmental,  educa- 
tional and  other  state  purposes. 


ALMANAC  AND    YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


831 


Tht    CAPITOL 


EXECUTIVE  MANSMOtf 


ILLINOIS    STATE    OFFICIALS. 


833 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


ILLINOIS    CIVIL    LIST. 

Corrected  to  Dec.  1.  1919. 


EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Governor— Frank  O.  Lowden.  B..  Oregon.$12,000 

Lieutenant-Governor—John  G.  Og-lesby, 
R..  Elkhart 2,500 

Secretary  of  State — Louis  L.  Emmerson. 
R..  Mount  Vernon 7.500 

Auditor— Andre  wRussel,  R.,  Jacksonville     7,500 

Treasurer— Fred  E.  Sterling,  R.,  Rock- 
ford  10,000 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction- 
Francis  G.  Blair,  R.,  Charleston 7,500 

Attorney-General—Edward  J.  Brundage. 
R.,  Chicago  .-..-•  10,000 

The  Adjutant-General—Gen.  F.  S.  Dick- 

son 7.UUU 

Secretary  to  Governor— G.  D.  Sutton. 
Oregon 5,000 

THE  SUPREME  COURT. 
The  Supreme*  court  consists  of  seven  judgres. 
elected  for  a  term  of  nine  years,  one  from  each 
of  the  seven  districts  into  which  the  state  is 
divided.  The  election  is  held  in  June  of  the 
year  in  which  any  term  expires. 

Justices. 

Salary  $10.000. 

Dist.  Term  expires. 

1.  Warren  W.  Duncan,  Marion 1%X$ 

2    William    M.    Farmer,    Vandalia 1924 

3.  Frank   K.    Dunn,    C.    J.,    Charleston....  1924 
4    Floyd    E.    Thompson,    Rock    Island 1921 

5.  Clyde  E.  Stone.  Peoria 192' 

6.  James  H.  Cartwright,  Oregon 1924 

7.  Orrin  N.  Carter.  Chicago 1924 

Clerk— Charles  W.  Vail:   salary,   $7,500. 
Deputy  Clerk— Robert  L.  Conn. 

MS^SSSh  £  wTlLnin:  salary.  $3.000. 

Terms  of  court  are  held  in  Springfield,  com- 
mencing on  the  first  Tuesday  in  February, 
April,  June,  October  and  December. 

COURT   OF   CLAIMS. 

Appointed  by  governor;  term  four  years:  office 
in  Springfield;  salary,  $1,500. 

Ralph  E.  Eaton,  chief  justice Mount  Carroll 

W.  S.  Phillips Ridgeway 

Benjamin  H.  Miller Libertyville 

Secretary  (ex  officio)  — Louis  L.  Emmerson, 
Springfield. 

STATE  BOARD   OF   LAW  EXAMINERS. 
Appointed  by  Supreme  court. 

Albert  Watson,  president Mount  Vernon 

Albert  M.    Rose Louisville 

James  W.  Watts Dixon 

Frederick  A.   Brown Chicago 

Charles  L.  Bartlett,  secretary  and  treas. .  Quincy 


COMMITTEES   ON   CHARACTER  AND 
Dist.  FITNESS. 

1.  Silas  H.  Strawn.  chairman Chicago 

Mitchell  D.  Follansbee Chicago 

Charles  R.  Webster Chicago 

Frederick  A.  Brown Chicago 

2.  James  W.  Watts,  chairman Dixqn 

George  Sucher Peoria 

Henry  S.  Dixon Dixon 

Eugene  W.  Welch Galesburg 

3.  Henry  A.  Neal,  chairman Charleston 

Clifton  J.   O'Harra Carthage 

Franklin  L.  Velde Pekin 

Charles  L.  Bartlett Quincy 

4.  Albert  Watson,  chairman.  .  .  .Mount  Vernon 

J.  G.  Burnsides Vandalia 

Robert  M.  Farthing Mount  Vernon 

Samuel  W.  Baxter East  St.  Louis 

Albert  M.  Rose. . .  . .  .Louisville 


STATE   BOARD   OF    EQUALIZATION. 

Salary.  $1.000. 
Elected  Nov.  7, 1916.   Term  of  office,  four  years. 

1.  C.  J.  Ewerts.  R.    2514  Wentworth-av... 
Chicago 

2.  C.  W.  Secord.  R..  437  W.  117th-st..  Chicago 

3.  L.  Withall.  R.,  5148  S.  Homan-av..  Chicago 

4.  D.    F.    Sullivan.    D..    1524    W.    51st-st.. 
Chicago 

5.  J.  J.  Viterna.  D.,  2157  Hastings-st.,  Chicago 

6.  Thos.  M.   Ryan.  D..   230  S.  Euclid-av... 
Chicago 

7.  William  M.  Malone.  R Park  Ridge 

8.  B.  S.  Mindak,  D.,  1515  N.  Ashland-av... 


ghicago 
hie 


9.  F.  A.  West,  R....2121  N.  Clark-st.,  Chicago 

10.  H.  T.  Nightingale,  R Evanston 

11.  Herbert  S.  Williams,  R Harvard 

12.  George   S.  Faxon,   R Piano 

13.  W.  G.  Kent,  R Dixon 

14.  Fred  W.  Young,  R Rock  Island 

15.  H.  G.  Henry,  R Camp  Point 

16.  D.  F.  Velde.  R Pekin 

17.  John  E.  Shackleton.  R Cornell 

18.  William  T.   Hollenbeck,   R Marshall 

19.  Frank  A.  Wharton,  R Atwood 

20.  Louis  D.  Hirsheimer.  D Pittsfield 

21.  Joseph  F.  Bunn.  R Springfield 

22.  Edward  W.  Hilker,  R Madison 

23.  Edgar  E.  Fyke.  D Centralia 

24.  Ralph  Proctor.  R McLeansboro 

25.  Thomas  B.  F.  Smith,  R Carbondale 

UNIVERSITY   OF  ILLINOIS. 
Located  at  Champaign  and  Urbana. 

Board  of  Trustees. 

Ex    Officio    Members— The   governor,    the    8tate 
superintendent     of    public    instruction. 

Robert  F.  Carr.  Highland  Park 1921 

Robert  R.  Ward,  Benton 1921 

Laura  B.   Evans.   Taylorville 1921 

William  L.  Abbott.  Chicago 1923 

Mrs.    Mary    E.    Busey,    Urbana 1923 

Otis    W.    Hoit,     Geneseo 1923 

Cairo    A.    Trimble,    Princeton 1925 

John  M.  Herbert.  Murphysboro 1925 

Mrs.  Margaret  D.  Blake.  Chicago 1925 

Officers. 

President  of  University — Dr.  Edmund  J.  James. 
Acting  President— Dr.    David    Kinley. 
Secretary — Harrison  E.  Cunningham,  Urbana. 
Comptroller— Lloyd  Morey.   Urbana. 
Registrar— Charles  M.  McConn.  Urbana. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  FINANCE. 
All  the  officers  in  this  and  the  other  state 
administrative  departments  are  appointed  by 
the  governor  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  state  senate.  Department  offices  are  in 
Springfield. 

Director— Omar  H.  Wright.   Belvidere . . . . $7,000 
Assistant    Director  —  Everett    H.    Tripp. 

Belvidere    4.200 

Administrative   Auditor — Joseph    C.    Ma- 
son. Chicago 4,800 

Superintendent    of   Budget  — W.   H.   Mc- 

Lain,  Spring-field 3,600 

Superintendent  of  Department  Reports— 
A.  T.  Spivey.  East  St.  Louis 3,600 

DEPARTMENT    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

Director — Charles  Adkins.  Bement $6,000 

Assistant    Director— H.    H.    Parks,    Syca- 
more      3,600 

Superintendent    of    Foods    and   Dairies- 
John  B.  Newman,  Elgin 4,800 

Superintendent   of   Animal   Industry — W. 

W.  Wright,  Toulon 3.600 

Superintendent  Plant  Industry  (vacancy).  3.600 
Chief  Veterinarian— A.  T.  Peters.  Peoria.  4.200 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


833 


Chief  Game  and  Fish  Warden— Ralph  F. 

Bradford.   Pontiac 3.600 

General    Manager    of    State   Fair— B.    M.    Davi- 

son,    Marshall. 

Board    of    Agricultural    Advisers. 

Alvin  H.  Sanders ^Y?^0 

Eugene   Davenport Urbana 

Eugene  Funk Bloomington 

J.  T.  Williams Sterling 

W.  S.  Corsa Whitehall 

J.  P.  Mason v,E^in 

W.  E.  Taylor Molme 

C.  V.  Gregory Chicago 

C    R    Doty Charleston 

John  M.  Crebs Carmi 

H.  J.  Sconce ....Sidell 

J.  F.  Prather Wilhamsville 

J.  G.  Imboden .Decatur 

J.  C.  Sailor Cissna  Park 

DEPARTMENT   OF   LABOR. 

Director— Barney  Cohen.  Chicago $5.000 

Assistant    Director— Burt    C.    Bean.    Chi- 
cago     3,000 

Chief  Factory  Inspector— Robert  S.  Jones. 

Flora   3,000 

Superintendent  Free  Employment  Agen- 
cies—W.  C.  Lewman.  Danville 3.000 

Chief     Inspector     Private     Employment 
Agencies— John    J.  McKenna.  Chicago.    3.000 

Industrial  Commission. 
Charles  S.  Andrus,  Springfield,  chairman. 85. 000 

Robert  Eadie.  Springfield 5.000 

Peter  Angsten.  Chicago 5.00' 

James  A.  Culp,  Blue  Island ^-^9 

Omer  N.  Custer.  Galesburg 5,000 

Free  Employment  Offices. 
Superintendents. 

East  St.  Louis Stewart  Campbell 

Chicago Charles  J.  Boyd 

Peoria Thomas  Metts 

Rockf ord Peter  T.  Anderson 

Springfield Luther    O.    German 

Rock  Island-Moline Fred  W.  Rmck 

Advisory  Board,  Free  Employment  Offices. 

F.  S.  Diebler Chicago 

Dr.  A.  H.  R.  Atwood Chicago 

Oscar  G.  Mayer Chicago 

John  H.  Walker Springfield 

Mrs.  Raymond  Robins Chicago 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MINES  AND  MINERALS. 
Director— Joseph   C.   Thompson.    Benton.  $5.000 
Assistant   Director— Martin   Bolt,   Spring- 
field     3.000 

Mine  Officers. 

William  Button.   DuQuoin $500 

James  Richards.  Belleville 500 

M.  S.  Coleman.  Harrisburg 500 

James  Needham.  Chicago 500 

Miners'    Examining    Board. 

William  Hall.  Springfield 51.800 

William  H.  Turner.  Collinsville 1.800 

Joseph     C.  Viano.  Coal  City 1,800 

John  A.  Tuttle,  Harrisburg,  secretary 1.800 

DEPARTMENT   OF    PUBLIC    WORKS    AND 
BUILDINGS. 

Director — Frank  I.  Bennett.  Chicago $7.000 

Assistant  Director — Thomas  G.  Vennum. 

Watseka    4.000 

Supt.  of  Highways— S.  E.  Bradt.  DeKalb.   5.000 
Chief  Highway  Engineer — Clifford  Older. 

Springfield  5,000 

Supervising    Engineer — Fred       J.    Postel. 

Chicago    4,000 

Supervising  Architect— Edgar  D.  Martin. 

Chicago 4,000 

Superintendent    of    Waterways — William 

L.  Sackett.  Morris 5.000 

Superintendent    of   Printing— H.   L.   Wil- 
liamson.  Springfield 5.000 


Superintendent    of    Purchases    and    Sup- 
plies—Henry H.  Kohn,   Anna $5,000 

Superintendent  of  Parks— Frank  D.  Low- 

man.  Sandwich 2.500 

Board  of  Art  Advisers. 

Frederick  Clay  Bartlett Chicago 

Ralph   Clarkson Chicago 

Lorado    Taf t Chicago 

Albin     Polasek f Chicago 

Irving  K.  Pond Chicago 

Martin  Roche Chicago 

Martin  A.  Ryerson Chicago 

Hugh  S.  Magill.  secretary Springfield 

Board  of  Highway  Advisers. 

A.  R.  Hall Danville 

lobert  D.  Clarke Peoria 

William  G.  Edens Chicago 

Harry     S.     Sholes Lexington 

J.  M.  Page Jerseyville 

Board  of  Parks  and  Building  Advisers. 

Charles  L.  Hutchinson Chicago 

George  W.  Maher Chicago 

Frank  E.  Davidson Chicago 

Tulius  W.  Hegeler Danville 

S.  R.  Lewis Marseilles 

Board   of    Water   Resource   Advisers. 

E.  S.  Conway Chicago 

John  T.  Pirie Chicago 

Joy  Morton Chicago 

George  T.  Page Peoria 

Charles  B.  Fox East  St.  Louis 

DEPARTMENT   OF   PUBLIC   WELFARE. 

Director — Charles  H.  Thorne.  Chicago $7,000 

Assistant    Director — James    E.    McClure. 

Carlinville    4.000 

Alienist — H.  Douglas  Singer,  Kankakee. .  5,000 
Criminologist— Herman  M.  Adler,  Chicago  5.000 
Fiscal  Supervisor  —  Frank  D.  Whipp. 

Springfield 5.000 

Superintendent      of      Charities  —  A.      L. 

Bowen.   Springfield 5,000 

Superintendent     of     Prisons  —  John     L. 

Whitman,    Chicago 5,000 

Superintendent  of  Pardons  and  Paroles — 

William  Colvin.  Springfield 5,000 

Division    of    Visitation    of    Adnlt    Blind     (118 

North     LaSalle     street,     Chicago)  —Charles 

E.    Comstock.    managing    officer. 
Division    of    Visitation    of    Children     (Spring- 
field)—Charles    Virden.    state    agent. 
State     Psychopathic     Institute      (Chicago)— H. 

Douglas  Singer.  M.  D..  M.  R.  C.  P..   alienist. 
Juvenile    Psychopathic    Institute     (1812    West 

Polk     street.     Chicago)— Herman     M.     Adler. 

M.    D.,    criminologist. 
Division  of  Pardons  and  Paroles— Will  Colvin. 

superintendent:  John  L.  Whitman,   associate; 

James  E.   McClure.    associate. 
Welfare     commissioners — Frank     P.     Norbury, 

M.   D.,    Springfield:    Benjamin  R.    Burroughs, 

Edwardsville:      Emil      G.     Hirsch,      Chicago; 

Amelia    B.    Sears.    Chicago:    Annie    Hinrich- 

sen,    executive    secretary.    Springfield. 

State    Charitable   Institutions. 
Elgin  State   Hospital— Ralph   T.   Hinto.   M.  D., 

managing  officer. 
Kankakee  State  Hospital — Eugene  Cohn,  M.  D., 

managing    officer. 
Jacksonville  State  Hospital— E.  L.  Hill.  M.  D., 

managing  officer. 
Anna    State   Hospital — Cyrus   H.    Anderson,    M. 

D..   managing  officer. 
Wptertown   State  Hosnital.   East  Moline— M.  C. 

Hawley.  M.  D..   managing  officer. 
Peoria     State     Hospit  al— Ralph     A.     Goodner, 

M.  D..   managing  officer. 
Chicago    State    Hospital,    Dunning-— Charles    F. 

Read.  M.  D..  managing  officer. 
Alton  State  Hospital— George  A.  Zeller.  M.  D.. 

managing    officer. 

Lincoln   State   School    and   Colony — C.   B.   Cold- 
well,    M.  D.,    managing  officer. 
Dixon    State    Colony— H.    B.    Carriel.     M.    D., 

managing  officer. 


834 


ALMANAC  AND'  YE'AR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Illinois   School   for  the  Deaf,   Jacksonville—  H. 

T    White,  managing1  officer. 
Illinois  School  for   the  Blind.  Jacksonville—  R. 

W.  Woolston,  managing-  officer.  ,nr>n 

Illinois   Industrial    Home    for    the   Blind     1900 

Marshall   boulevard,    Chicag-o—  H.    O.    Hilton, 

IllTnoT  Sfldi^'and  Sailors'  Home,  Quincy- 
John  E.  Andrew,  managing-  officer. 

Soldiers'  Widows'  Home  of  Illinois,  Wilming- 
ton-Mrs Nettie  F.  McGowan,  managing 

HUno'lsT'  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home.  Normal- 
John  W.  Rodgers.  managing  officer. 

Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  904 
West  Adams  street,  Chicago—  H.  J.  Snath, 
M.  D.,  managing  officer.  .  -  .»  "»j 

St    Charles  School  for  Boys—  Col.  C.  B.  Adams, 

StatTTSinffchool  for  Girls.  Geneva-Clara 

CM- 

(Not  organ- 

State  Penal  Institutions. 
Illinois   State  Penitentiary,   Joliet—  E.   J.   Mur- 


phy,  warden. 
•Ne 


,  . 

•New  Penitentiary,  Lockport. 
Southern   Illinois   Penitentiary,   Menard—  James 

.     Menard-Frank    A. 
Stubblefield,    M.   D..   managing  .  officer 
Illinois  State  Reformatory,   Pontiac—  James  F. 
Scouller,  general  superintendent. 

Men.   created   1919. 


with    the     penitentiary     building     commission 
which  is  in  charge  of_building  construction. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  HEALTH. 

Director— C.  St.  Clair  Drake.  Springfield  $6,000 

Assistant    Director-George    T.    Palmer. 
Spring-field    • 3,000 

Superintendent    Lodging    House    Inspec- 
tion— William  W.  McCulloch.  Chicago     .3.000 

Executive  Division— Amos  Sawyer,  chief  clerk. 

Division  of  Communicable  Diseases— John  J. 
McShane.  M.  D..  Dr.  P.  H..  chief 

Division  of  Tuberculosis— George  T.  Palmer. 
M.  D..  acting  chief. 

Division  of  Diagnostic  Laboratories  —  Eva 
Faught,  acting  chief.  __ 

Division  of  Sanitary  Engineering— Paul  Han- 
sen,  chief  sanitary  engineer. 

Division  of  Surveys  and  Rural  Hygiene— Paul 
L.  Skoog.  acting  supervisor. 

Division  of  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Inspec- 
tion—W.  W.  McCulloch,  superintendent,  of- 
fice 130  North  Wells  street.  Chicago. 

Division  of  Vital  Statistics— Sheldon  Howard, 
registrar. 

Division  of  Public  Health  Instruction— Samuel 
W.  Kessinger.  editor. 

Division  of  Social  Hygiene— G.  G.  Taylor,  M. 
D  chief 

Division  of  Child  Hygiene  and  Public   Health 
Nursing— C.  W.  East,  M.  D.,  chief. 
Laboratories. 

Main  Laboratory  (for  the  diagnosis  of  diph- 
theria, typhoid  fever,  tuberculosis,  malaria, 
rabies,  etc.)— Capitol  building.  Springfield. 

North  State  Laboratory*— Chicago. 

South  State  Laboratory*— Mount  Vernon. 

T^ast  State  Laboratory* — Urbana. 

West  State  Laboratory*— Galesburg. 
•For  the  diagnosis  of  diphtheria  only. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  TRADE  AND  COMMERCE 

Director— William  H.  Boys.   Streator $7,000 

Assistant    Director — James    S.    Baldwin, 
Decatur   ..  ..   4.000 


Superintendent    of    Insurance — Fred    W. 

Potter,  Albion 85,000 

Fire  Marshal— John  G.  Gamber.  Ottawa.  3,000 
Superintendent  of  Standards— Robert  F. 

Adams,  Oregon 2,500 

Chief  Grain  Inspector  —  Walter  E. 

Schmidt,     Chicago 5,000 

Public    Utilities   Commission. 
James  H.  Wilkerson,  Chicago,  chairman. $7, 000 

Walter  A.  Shaw.  Evanston 7,000 

Frank  H.   Funk.   Bloomington 7.000 

Patrick  J.  Lucey.  Chicago 7.000 

R.  Allan  Stephens,  Danville 4.000 

DEPARTMENT    OF    REGISTRATION    AND 

EDUCATION. 
Director— Francis      W.      Shepardson,      Chicago, 

$5,000. 
Superintendent  of  Registration— Fred  C.  Dodds, 

Springfield,  $4,200. 
Chief,  State  Geological  Survey— F.  W.  DeWolf. 

Urbana. 
Chief,     State    Natural    History    Survey— S.    A. 

Forbes,  Urbana. 
Chief.    State    Water    Survey— Edward    Bartowv 

Urbana. 

Chief,    State    Museum— A.    R.    Crook,    Spring- 
field. 

President.    Illinois    State    Normal    University- 
David  Felmley,  Normal. 

President,  Southern  Illinois  State  Normal  Uni- 
versity,   H.    W.    Shryock,    Carbondale. 
President,  Eastern  Illinois  State  Normal  School 

—Dr.  L.  C.  Lord,  Charleston. 
President,      Western      Illinois      State      Normal 

School— Walter  P.  Morgan.  Macomb. 
President,      Northern     Illinois     State     Normal 

School— J.  Stanley  Brown,  DeKalb. 
Board  of  Natural  Resources  and  Conservation. 

Prof.  Rollin   D.    Salisbury Chicago 

Prof.  William  Trelease   Urbana 

Prof.  William  A.  Noyes Urbana 

Prof.  John  M.  Coulter Chicago 

John  W.   Alvord Chicago 

Dean  Kendric  C.  Babcock Urbana 

Board  of  State  Museum  Advisers. 

C.  F.  Millspaugh Chicago 

Charles    L.    Owen Chicago 

Prof.  Henry  B.  Ward Urbana 

Edward  Payne   Springfield 

Charles  L.  Hutchinson Chicago 

Normal  School  Board. 

Frank  B.  Stitt El  Paso 

Leroy  A.    Goddard Chicago 

William    B.   Owen Chicago 

Frank  E.  Richey LaSalle 

Henry  A.  Neal  Charleston 

Elmer  E.  Walker Macomb 

Rolland  E.  Bridges Carbondale 

Charles  L.  Capen  Bloomington 

John  C.  Allen Monmouth 

CENTENNIAL    BUILDING    COMMISSION. 
Gov.  Frank  O.  Lowden. 
Lieut. -Gov.    John   G.   Oglesby. 
Secretary    of    State    Louis    L.    Emmerson. 
D.  E.   Shanahan.  speaker  house  of  representa- 

tiveo. 

Thomas    Rinaker.    Carlinville. 
Edward  W.    Payne.    Springfield. 
W.  B.  McHenry,  Rochelle 

STATE  CIVIL  SERVICE  COMMISSION. 

Office  at  Springfield. 

Created  by  act  of  May  11.  1905.  Salary  of 
president,  $4.000:  of  two  members.  $.3,000 
each:  of  secretary.  $3.500. 

Albert  D.  Ear'y.  president Rqckford 

Michael   F.  Walsh Harvard 

Harry    M.    Powell A?.eona 

Isidore  Levin,   secretary Chicago 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


835 


LEGISLATIVE    REFERENCE    BUREAU, 
JOINT. 

Created  by  act  of  June  26,  1913.     Office  in 
Springfield. 

Governor,  chairman,  ex  officio. 
Members  by  virtue  of  legislative  office;  no  sal- 
Richard  J.  Ban* Joliet 

Edward  Curtis Grant  Park 

William   P.    Holaday Danville 

Edward  J.  Smejkal Chicago 

E.   J.    Verlie,   secretary.    Spring-field;    appointed 

by  bureau;   salary,  $5,000. 

ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  EXTENSION 

COMMISSION. 

Created  by  act  of  June  14,  1909.    Term,  two 
years. 

Joseph  H.  Freeman Aurora 

Mrs.  Eugene  M.  Bacon Decatur 

Anna  M.  Price,  secretary  and  director,  $1,800. 
Secretary  of  state-f  ex  officio. 

TRUSTEES  OF   STATE   HISTORICAL 

LIBRARY. 

Located   at   Spring-field.    Salary   of  librarian. 
83.000. 

Evarts     B.  Greene,  president Urbana 

Otto  L.  Schmidt,  secretary Chicago 

C.    H.    Rammelkamp Jacksonville 

Librarian— Mrs.  Jessie  Palmer  Weber. 

STATE  LIBRARY. 
Office— The  capitol.   Spring-field. 
Commissioners — The      governor,      secretary     of 

state  and  superintendent  of  public  instruction. 

Secretary  of  state,  librarian,  ex  officio.    Mrs. 

Eva  May  Fowler,  acting-  librarian. 

ILLINOIS    FARMERS'    INSTITUTE. 

Created  by  act  of  June  24,  1895.     Term,  two 
years.     Salary  of  secretary,   $3,000. 
President— Frank  S.  Haynes,  Geneseo. 
Vice-President— J.   P.   Gilbert,   Carbondale. 
Secretary— H.    E.   Young-,    Springfield. 
Treasurer— Clayton  C.  Pickett,  Chicago. 
Auditor — F.  I.  Mann,   Gilman. 

Board  of  Directors. 
Ex  officio,  superintendent  of  public  instruction 

— F.  G.  Blair,  Springfield. 
Dean    of    the    college    of    agriculture— Eugene 

Davenport,  Urbana. 
Director  state  department  of  agriculture— Chas. 

Adkins,  Springfield. 
President    state    horticultural    society— A.    W. 

Brayton,  Mount  Morris. 
President    state    dairymen's    association— J.    P. 

Mason,  Elgin. 

Elective  by  congressional  districts: 

1.  W.  E.  Meier Arlington  Heights 

2.  August  Geweke « Des  Plaines 

3.  W.  J.  Fulton Tinley  Park 

4.  H.  Clay  Calhoun Chicago 

5.  C.  V.  Gregory Chicago 

6.  L.  C.  Brown LaGrange 

7.  Charles    Gray Chicago 

E.  Arthur  C.  Page Chicago 
.  C.  C.  Pickett Chicago 

10    R    B.Swift Libertyville 

11.  J.  P.  Mason Elgin 

12.  George  F.  Tullock Rockford 

13.  A.  N.  Abbott Morrison 

14.  George  A.   Switzer Macomb 

15.  Frank  S.   Haynes Geneseo 

16.  Ralph  Allen Delavan 

17.  S.   B.   Mason Bloommgton 

18.  F.  I.  Mann Gilman 

19.  J.   B.  Burrows D°catur 

20.  G.   G.  Hooping Ha  vana 

21.  Edward  Grimes Raymond 

22.  E    W.   Burroughs Edwnrdsville 

23.  O   L   Wakefield Robinson 

24.  D.  M.  Marlin Norris  City 

25.  J.  P.  Gilbert Carbondale 


OGLESBY  MONUMENT   COMMISSION. 
Appointed  by  governor.    No  salary. 

John  S.  Runnells Chicago 

John  Barton  Payne Chicago 

John  W.  Bunn Springfield 

Charles   L.   LeForgee Decatur 

Martin  B.  Bailey Danville 

PENITENTIARY  BUILDING  COMMISSION. 
Created  by  act  of  June  5.  1907. 

James  A.  Patten Chicago 

Ira  C.  Copley Aurora 

John  Lambert Joliet 

VICKSBURG  MILITARY  STATUE 
COMMISSION. 

Charles  H.  Noble Dixon 

F.  D.  Meacham Chicago 

T.   B.  Orear Jacksonville 

Bluford    Wilson Springfield 

Harvey  M.  Trimble Springfield 

UNIFORM  LAWS  COMMISSION. 

Col.  Nathan  W.  MacChesney Chicago 

Dr.  Ernst  Freund.  president Chicago 

John  H.  Wigmore Chicago 

James  M.  Graham Springfield 

Joseph  J.  Thompson,  secretary Chicago 

STATE  CANVASSING  BOARD. 
Created  by  act  of  April  3.  1872. 
Governor,    secretary    of    state,    auditor,     state 
treasurer,   attorney-general. 

MINING  INVESTIGATION   COMMISSION. 
Operative  Members. 

Thomas    Jeremiah Willisville 

A.    B.    McLaren Marion 

Rice  Miller Hillsboro 

Miners'    Members. 

Mathew    Schultz Christopher 

Charles    Jones Marion 

Peter    Joyce Springfield 

Independent  Members. 

Charles   E.    Woodward Ottawa 

Thomas    Hudson Galva 

P.    H.    Donnelly Chicago 

HEALTH   INSURANCE   COMMISSION. 

William  Beye,  chairman Chicag-o 

Edna   L.   Foley Chicago 

John  E.  Ransom Chicago 

Matthew    Woll Chicago 

William   Butterworth , Moline 

Alice    Hamilton Chicago 

Mary    McEnerney    Chicago 

M.   J.    Wright Woodstock 

E.   B.   Coolley Danville 

ILLINOIS   INDUSTRIAL    SURVEY. 

Milton  S.  Florsheim '..Chicago 

Ag-nes  Nestor , Chicago 

George  W.    Webster Chicago 

Elizabeth  Maloney Chicago 

James  B.    Herri ck.   chairman Chicago 

PC.    Withers Mount   Vernon 

Solomon    Strouse Chicago 

ELECTION  LAWS  COMMISSION. 

Clarence  F.  Buck,  chairman Monmouth 

Adam   C.   Cliffe Sycamore 

Al  F.  Gorman Chicago 

Gotthard   A.   Dahlberg '.Chicago 

William    H.    Dieterich Beardstown 

Edwin  C.   Parkins Lincoln 

Louis    L.    Emmerson Mount  Vernon 

Colin   C.    H.  Fyffe Chicago 

W.   W.    Wheelock Chicago 

ILLINOIS   PENSION   LAWS   COMMISSION. 

Georg-e  E.  Hooker,  chairman Chicago 

,  John  P.  Dillon Chicago 

I  H.  L.   Reit* Chicago 


836  ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 

ILLINOIS  COUNTY   OFFICERS. 

P.— Probate.      P.    C.— Probate    Clerk.      R.— Recorder. 

County.  County  seat.      County  and  Probate  judges.  County  clerk.        Circuit  clerk  and  recorder. 

Adams— Quincy Fred  G.   Wolfe    W.  J.    Smith Erde   W.    Beatty 

J.   M.    BufiBngrton.   R. 

Alexander— Cairo Harry  Hood    Fred  D.  Nellis John  M.  Dewey 

Bond— Greenville William    H.    Dowdy    W.  E.  McCaslin W.  T.   Harlan 

Boone— Belvidere...; William    C.    DeWolf    William   Bowley A.   C.  Fassett 

Brown— Mount   Sterling- W.  Y.   Baker    Dayton   G.    Gordley E.  B.  Glaze 

Bureau— Princeton J.  R.  Pritchard    James  Fletcher Henry  Fuller 

Calhoun— Hardin John  Day.   Jr Roy  N.  Bailey Clifford  Plummer 

Carroll— Mount  Carroll. John  L.  Brearton    A.   B.   Adams Valentine   Boerner 

Cass— Virginia Charles  A.  E.  Martin    Henry    Jacobs L.    D.  Springer 

Champaign-Urbana Roy  C.  Freeman    Fred   Hess Boyd   S.   Elaine 

Christian— Taylorville Log-an  G.  Griffith    John  E.  George J.  A.  Foil 

Clark— Marshall Edward    Pearce    F.  R.  Black Jay  Swern 

Clay— Louisville Ben    Hagie    James  McGregor Edward  McConnell 

Clinton— Carlyle James    Allen    Adam   Junker H.    H.    Schlarmann 

Coles— Charleston John   P.   Harragh    Elmer  E.  Elston Orion  B.  Goble 

Cook— Chicago James  T.   Burns     R.  M.  Sweitzer August  W.  Miller 

Henry  Horner,  P J.  F.  Devine.  P.  C.. Joseph  F.  Haas.  R. 

Crawford — Robinson J.    C.    Maxwell    Frank  Kopta. .  .Charles  A.  Montgomery 

Cumberland— Toledo Albert  F.   Bussard    William  C.  Park Charles  N.  Wiley 

DeKalb — Sycamore William  L.   Pond    S.  M.  Henderson George  A.  James 

DeWitt— Clinton John    Bedinger    C.  R.  Griffin Elmer  Metz 

Douglas— Tuscola D.    H.    Wamsley    Charles  A.  Hawkins H.   B.  Morgan 

DuPage— Wheaton Sylvanus  L.   Rathje    A.    A.   Kuhn Lewis   Ellsworth 

Edgar— Paris D.  V.  Dayton    George  D.  Murphy T.  J.  Brewer 

Edwards— Albion Joel  C.  Fitch     Arch  C.  Smith Earl  S.  Bunting 

Effingham— Effingham Barney     Overbeck    John  A.  Craver Henry  Alt 

Fayette— Vandalia Caleb   R.    Torrence    George  A.  Brown H.  W.  Sefton 

Ford — Paxton Samuel    Ludlow    J.  S.  Thompson W.  R.  Watts 

Franklin— Benton Thomas    J.    Myers    Fred  Bagley F.   D.   Whittington 

Fulton— Lewistown Hobart    S.    Boyd    Clarence   H.    Tanner Eugene    Whiting 

Gallatin — Shawneetown W.    S.    Sanders    Henry  G.  Sanks James  G.  Gregg 

Greene— Carrollton Thomas    Henshaw    Louis  J.   Ballard B.  F.   Ford 

Grundy — Morris George    Bedford    William  Robinson F.  S.  Johnson 

Hamilton — McLeansboro James  M.   Lee    Amos   Albretton Adam  Green 

Hancock— Carthage Warren  H.    Orr    W.  E.  Miller John  F.  Scott 

Hardin— Elizabethtown A.    A.    Miles    H.C.Fletcher Charles  L.  Hess 

Henderson — Oquawka James    W.    Gordon    Joseph  J.  Barnes Walter  P.  Martin 

Henry— Cambridge Leonard  E.  Telleen    Elmer  E.  Fitch J.  A.   Horberg 

Iroquois — Watseka John  H.   Gillan    Clarence  South Fred  Benjamin 

Jackson — Murphysboro A.  L.   Spiller    H.   Amber   Hagler Joseph   V.   Wells 

Jasper— Newton Milo   D.   Yelvington    H.K.Powell W.    E.    Trainer 

Jefferson— Mount    Vernon E.   M.   Pendler    Leonard  L.  Scott Marlin  Rich 

Jersey — Jerseyville Will  T.    Sumner    Thomas  S.  Ford Anthony  H.  Quinn 

Jo  Daviess— Galena F.  J.  Campbell    E.  J.  Menzemer William   Ehrler 

Johnson — Vienna John   O.   Cowan    E.  F.  Throgmorton John  W.  Carlton 

Kane — Geneva S.   N.   Hoover    Charles  Lowry J.  L.  Johnson 

John  H.  Williams.  P B.  D.  Galbraith.  P.  C..Chas.  Doetschman 

Kankakee— Kankakee H.  J.    Groenewould C.  B.    Sawyer 

Kendall— York ville Clarence    S.    Williams    Edward  Budd,   Jr Avery  N.  Beebe 

Knox— Galesburg Walter    C.    Frank    Frank  L.  Adams C.  H.   Westerberg 

Lake— Waukegan Perry  L.  Persons    Lew  A.  Hendee L.  O.  Brockway 

LaSalle — Ottawa Henry    Mayo    Thomas  A.  Ferguson. .  .J.  L.  Witzeman 

Richard  D.  Mills.  P Wm.  C.  Flick.  P.   C. .  J.  F.  Buchner.  R. 

Lawrence— Lawrenceville Lester    B.    Fish    Lyle  G.  Steffey Odin  H.  Hedden 

Lee— Dixon John  B.  Crabtree    Fred  G.   Dimick Edwin   S.  Rosecrans 

Livingston — Pontiac Ray    Sesler    Joe  S.  Reed J.  G.  Whitson 

Logan— Lincoln Lawrence  B.   Stringer    David    S.   Mowrey Lynn   R.   Parker 

Macon— Decatur John   H.   McCoy    Charles   H.    Patterson John   Allen 

Macoupin— Carlinville Andrew    J.    Duggan     Ernest  Whittler Frank   E.  Wilson 

Madison— Edwardsville J.    E.    Hillskotter    C.  J.  Blattner John  Mellon 

G.  W.  Grossman,  P.     John  P.   Coppinger.  .H.  M.    Sanders.    R. 

Marion— Salem W.    G.    Wilson    W.  H.  Betts N.  W.  Salter 

Marshall — Lacon Andrew   E.  Treacey     Lawrence   D.    Gregory Fred   Garrels 

Mason — Havana John    Greenway    ... Carl  F.  Taylor C.  E.  Walsh 

Massac— Metropolis Larmes  P.  Oakes    Fred    Risinger Colfax   Morris 

McDonoug-h — Macomb Charles    I.    Imes    John  G.    Norton George  A.  Seeley 

McHenry— Woodstock Charles  P.  Barnes    Guy  E.    Still Theodore  Hamer 

McLean— Bloomington James  C.  Riley     P.  A.  Guthrie John  C.  Allen 

N.  B.  Carson.   R. 

Menard— Petersburg Jesse   M.    Ott     A.  W.   Hartley Richard  B.  Ruh 

Mercer— Aledo Friend  L.   Church    Frank  A.  Gibson S.  A.  Nelson 

Monroe — Waterloo Henry    Schneider    Henry    Eisenbart Louis   A.    Wiehl 

Montgomery — Hillsboro J.   H.    Ragsdale    A.   H.  Bartlett A.  E.  Neal 

Morgan — Jacksonville William   E.   Thompson    C.  A.  Boruff C    W    Boston 

Moultrie— Sullivan Oscar   F.   Cochran    J.  B.  Martin Fred  O    Gaddis 

Ogle-T-Oregon Frank   E.  Reed    Sidney  J.  Hess John  D.  Mead 

Peoria — Peoria Robert    H.    Lovett    Louis  J.    Ganss George   F    Thode 

„  ^      ,  Glen    Cameron.    P J.  J.  Simmons.  P.  C A.  C.  Grebe.  R. 

Perry— Pmckneyville Louis  R.  Kelly    H.  H.  Baughman John  D    Roe 

Piatt— Monticello William    A.    Doss    Harvey  Fay B.   G.   Duncan 

Pike— Pittsfleld Burr  N.  Swan    Charles  A.  Helkey John  C.  Dinsmore 

Pope — Golconda B.    F.   Anderson    J.  D.  Reid J.  W.  Mitchell 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 837 

County.  County  seat.      County  and  Probate  judges.  County  clerk.        Circuit  clerk  and  recorder. 

Pulaski— Mound  City Fred  Hood  Walter  W.   Waite E.  P.  Easterday 

Putnam— Hennepin John  M.  McNabb  Oldon  C.  Cofoid H.  B.  Ramag* 

Randolph— Chester J.   Fred   Glister  Henry   Boeknoff Charles   J.    Kriba 

Richland— Olney R.    B.    Witcher  John  F.   Hanes Charles   Goudy 

Rock  Island— Rock  Island Nels   A.  Larson  Henry  B.  Hubbard G.  W.  Gamble 

Frank  J.  Landee.  P Leo  J.  Deisenroth.  P.  C .  Sam  Ryerson.  R. 

Saline— Harrisburg William  W.  Damron  H.   E.  Wills R.  E.  Holmes 

Sangamon— Springfield J.   B.    Weaver  Charles  W.  Byres Charles  F.  Koehn 

C.  H.    Jenkins.   P O.  G.  Addleman.  P.  .Wm.   T.   Fossett.    R. 

Schuyler— Rushville    Isaac    Lewis  James  A.   Long- E.  Ross  Chitwood 

Scott— Winchester John  A.  McKeeno  Bluford   McClure J.    W.   Kellum 

Shelby— Shelbyville A.    J.    Steidley  Ed  R.  Allen Samuel  B.  Jackson 

Stark— Toulon...  Frank    Thomas  William  E.   Nixon Walter  F.  Young: 

St.  Clair— Belleville J.  B.  Messick  A.  J.   H.   Hoerr John  F.  O'Flaherty 

Frank  Perrin.  P.  C.  A.  Summers.  R. 

Stephenson — Freeport Roscoe    J.    Carnahan  A.  H.  Volkers J.  O.   Templeton 

Tazewell— Pekin  Charles  Schaefer  T.  E.  Solterman E.  L.  Meyers 

Union— Jonesboro David    W.    Karracker  Charles  L.  Kimmel Fred  Bacon 

Vermilion— Danville Thomas   A.    Graham  John   R.    Moore C.   E.  Wellman 

Walter   J.    Bookwalter.   P.  W.  H.   Carter.   R. 

Wabash— Mount  Carmel W.   S.   Wilhite  E.   L.  Holsen Elmer  Stoltz 

Warren— Monmouth C.   M.    Huey  W.  W.  Brent John  iiMgg 

Washington— Nashville William  P.  Green  Henry  F.  Heckert Oscar  H.  Rinne 

Wayne— Fairfield J.    V.    Heidinger  E.  D.  Freshwater Elmer  Hargrave 

White— Carmi Alys    Pyle  Matthew  Martin Otis  Downen 

Whiteside— Morrison W.    A.    Blodgett  M.   W.   Chapin...  ...C.  W.  McCall 

Will— Joliet G.  J.  Cowing-  Edward  G.  Young. ..L.   H.  Piepenbrink 

Samuel  Drew  Henry  F.  Schmidt.P.C. .  Wm.  W.  Smith.K. 

Williamson— Marion Wiley  F.  Slater  E.   H.   Scobey ...Leslie  O.  Caplinger 

Winnebago— Rockford Fred    E.    Carpenter  Freeman  Johnson Lewis  F.  Lake 

John  A.  Bowman.  R. 

Woodford— Eureka Arthur    C.    Fort  C.   S.   Holman D.  C.  Belsley 

County.       Treasurer.  Sheriff.  State's   attorney.  Supt.    schools. 

Adams— Frank  A.  Jasper E.  J.  Simmons  J.  Leroy  Adair John  H.   Steiner 

Alexander— E.  J.   Hodges Jesse  A.  Miller  Leslie  L.   Wilbourn Asa  D.  Twente 

Bond— Seymour  Van  Deusen Louis  D.  Royer  H.  A.   Meyer William  E.  White 

Boone— Charles  D.  Loop Edward  J.  Haac  Frank  A.   Oakley.  .Elizabeth  B.  Harvey 

Brown— W.  F.  Manson C.  W.  Cory  R.    E.  Vandeventer Lavina  O'Neil 

Bureau— Watts  T.  Mercer Len  Spalding-  Joseph  Skinner George  O.  Smith 

Calhoun— Elias  M.  Bailey Peter  A.  Gotway  C.  C.  Worthy S.  J.  Sibley 

Carroll— William   H.  Stitely Henry   S.  Wise  F.  J.  Stransky John  Hay 

Cass— J.   R.   Sligh G.  W.  Farrar  W.  T.  Lordley   (acting)  .Walter  E.  Buck 

Champaign— James  A.  Reeves. .  .Geo.  W.  Davis  Louis   A.   Busch C.    H.    Watts 

Christian— Jesse  L.  Patterson.. Dan'l  L.  Dunbaf  Harry  B.  Hershey O.   P.  Simpson 

Clark— John  W.  Lewis W.   A.  Byram  O.  R.  Clements Harold  Bright 

Clay— Aden  Kellums H.   N.   McElyia  Harvey  W.    Shriner.  .George  W.  Brewer 

Clinton— R.  P.  Farrell John  Knies  Hugh  V.  Murray William  Johnston 

Coles — Grant    Childress Vincent    Aye  Emery   Andrews O.   L.   Minter 

Cook— Harry   Gibbons Charles   W.   Peters  Maclay  Hoyne E.  J.  Tobin 

Crawford— J.  T.  Cox H.  E.  Parker  Charles  E.  Jones. ..  Robert  E.  McKnight 

Cumberland— Edward   A.   Ormsby Elias  Jobe  Glenn   Ratcliff L.   C.  Markwell 

DeKalb— Walter  H.  May William  H.  Decker  Lowell  B.  Smith Warren  Hubbard 

DeWitt— Joel  C.  Cool J.   W.  Persons  Grover  C.  Hoff John  L.  Costley 

Douglas— Theodore  F.  Howard F.   E.  Parker  S.  S.  Duhamel E.  E.  Gere 

DuPage — John  F.   Kesterman.  .Geo.   F.  Leineke  Charles  W.  Hadley.  .Charles  B.  Bowman 

Edgar— Elmer  Sunkel Oda   M.   Sizemore  Wilbur  H.  Hickman O.  Rice  Jonea 

Edwards— Charles    Naylor Clyde    Roosevelt  Allen   E.    Walker Grant    Balding- 

Effingham — Amos    Munday J.    D.    Marshall  Byron    Piper J.    W.    Davis 

Fayette — William  H.   Gray Levi  J.  Browning-  Will  P.  Welker Frank  E.  Crawford 

Ford— T.  A.  Flora Albert  T.  Carlson  F.  M.Thompson H.M.Rudolph 

Franklin— Jno.  A.  McClintock .  Robt.  S.  Watkins  Roy  C.  Martin H.  Clay  Ing- 
Fulton— H.   L.   Fouts Guy   R.  Williams  Reed  F.  Cutler Perry  H.  Hellyer 

Gallatin— Robert    R.    Elliott Allen   Barnett  Marsh  Wiseheart J.  F.   Ashley 

Green— Horace  W.  Foreman. .  .John  B.  Morrow  John  C.  Bowman Rollins  Scott 

Grundy— Roy  Enger Joseph  H.   Francis  Frank  H.  Hayes Earl  F.  Booth 

Hamilton — Abraham   Peer Wm.    J.    Campbell  Harry    Anderson Samuel   O'Dale 

Hancock— Fred  Salm.   Jr J.  N.  Bennett  Earl  W.  Wood Stephen  D.  Faris 

Hardin— W.    B.   Allard D.    V.   Cox  C.  E.  Soward Hattie  M.  Rittenhouse 

Henderson— Oscar  A.  Rankin. .  .Robt.  T.  McDill  Albert  F.  Fawley Allen  L.  Beall 

Henry — Charles  A.   Kellogg Samuel  Wilson  Carl  A.  Melin Philip  J.  Stoneberg- 

Iroquois— Homer   M.    Brown Geo.   P.    Heikes  J.   W.  Kern F.  A.  Gilbreath 

Jackson— William  S.  Roberts .  James  W.  Gibson  Otis  F.   Glenn Otto  F.  Aken 

Jasper— John  W.  Howell James  A.  Eaton  W.  E.  Isley Joseph  H.  Pursiful 

Jefferson — James  H.   Kell Grant  Holcomb  Frank  G.  Thompson William  Miner 

Jersey— Fred  W.   Howell James  Catt  Paul  M.  Hamilton Joseph  W.  Becker 

Jo  Daviess— John  A.  Bingham W.  J.  Shipton  Harry  C.  Tear Benjamin  L.  Birkbeck 

Johnson— I.  N.  Elkins John  L.  Veach  O.  R.  Morgan E.  W.  Sutton 

Kane— Oscar  B.   Nelson Claude  Poole  Charles  L.   Abbott Edw.  A.   Ellia 

Kankakee— Albert  J.  Bethfur.  .William  J.  Ril  y  Wayne  H.  Dyer Lewis  Ogilvie 

Kendall— Arthur  G.  Larson.  .Martin  N.  Hextell  Oliver  A.  Burkhart George  Elliott 

Knox— Herbert  M.  Bloomquist.  .Jas.  T.  Wheeler  A.   J.   Boutelle W.    F.    Boyes 

Lake — Leroy    Bracher Elmer  J.    Green  James    G.   Welch T.  A.   Simpson 

LaSalle— George  MT  Reynolds ....  Curt   S.   Ayers  George  S.  Wiley W.  R.   Foster 

Lawrence— A.  L.  Candle Wm.  H.   Stivers  Elaine    Huffman Edwin   Ashbaugh 

Lee— Wm.  C.  Thompson.  .Frank  A.  Schoenholz  Harry    Edwards L.    W.   Miller 

Living-eton— A.  B.  Carrithers.  .Robt.  T.  Gorman J.   H.   McFadden W.  W.  McCullocli 


838 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


County     Treasurer  Sheriff.  State's   attorney.  Supt.  schools. 

T.os-an— H    J    Mayer  ...A.   G.    Alberts  Everett    Smith E.  H.   Lukenbill 

Ma  con— Charts  H.  Mooney.Mont  E.  Penniwell  Jesse   L.   Deck E.   L     Dickey 

Macoupin— William  L.   Baird W.  E.  Morris  Victor  Hemphill.  ...George  W.  Solomon 

Madison— B.  S.  Ferguson George   E.  Little  Joseph  P.   Streuber H.  T.  McCrea 

Marion — W    F    Wilson  Lincoln  Beasley  Samuel  N.  Finn Hattie  Blair 

Marshall— Louis  V.  Osborne.. William  S.  Riddle  Wallace  J.   Black Willard  S.   King: 

Mason-W.  J.  Shirley George  W.  White  E    P.  Nischwitz J    C.  Stoddard 

Massac— Loren    Smith Osro    Shirk  Walter  Roberts.     W.  A.   Spence 

McDonough— John   A.   Barclay E.   E.   Sapp  Andrew  L.  Hainhne B.  E.  Decker 

McHenry— Wm.  S.  McConnell..  .Ray  J.  Stewart  Vincent  S.  Lumley A.  M.  Shelton 

McLean— William    C.    Means Ralph    Spafford  Miles  K.  Young- B.C.Moore 

Menard— W.  D.  Power Harry  Graustaff  H.  E.  Pond William  Small 

Mercer— Charles  A.  Freise John  P.  Fleming  Oscar  E.  Carlstrom Georgre  E.   Platt 

Monroe— Hugo  Bremser Ernest  W.  Loehr  Roy   E.    Gauen William   C.   Heyl 

Montgomery— John  W.  Rea E.  T.  Marshall  J.    Earl  Major E.    A.  Lewey 

Morgan— William    A.    Masters Grant    Graff  Carl  E.  Robinson H.  H.  Vascovcellos 

Moultrie— Oliver  F.  Dolan Charles  Lansden C.  R.  Patterson Nettie   Roughton 

Ogle — William  D.    Mackey.  .George  D.   Banning1  W.  J.  Emerson John  E.  Cross 

Peoria— A.  B.  McGill Lewis  M.  Hines  C.   E.  McNemar John  A.   Hayes 

Perry— Samuel  N.  Hunter..  .Thos.  H.  Thimmiff  Nelson  B.  Layman R.  B.  Templ^ton 

Piatt— David   A.  Troxel Edward  R.   Gale  Charles  W.  Kirke C.  Mclntosh 

Pike— H.   E.  Williams John  H.  Dayia  Edwin   Johnston T.   C.    Moore 

Pope— Thomas   F.    Phelps H.    G.  McCormick  John  W.  Browning.  .Stella  A.  Wierwills 

Pulaski— I.  J.  Hudson Imon  Bankson  C.   S.  Miller May    S.  Hawkins 

Putnam— John   W.    Stouffer C.  D.   Maulfair  James  E.  Taylor W.  A.  Paxon 

Randolph— Henry  Lucht J.  H.  McGuire  Alfred  D.  Riess.. Louis  W.   von  Behren 

Richland— Charles  Byer Frank  Craig1  S.  C.  Lewis Earl  H.  Hostettler 

Rock  Island— W.    H.  Whiteside J.  S.  Wigers  F.  E.  Thompson Lou  M.  Harris 

Saline— Guy  M.  Wallace John  D.  Oummina  J.  B.  Lewis B.  D.    Gates 

Sangamon— George   A.   Fish.. Henry   H.    Mested  Charles   F.    Mortimer E.    C.    Pruitt 

Schuyler— C.  E.   Worthington..Edw.  Leshbrook  ...George  B.  Steele Calvin  L.  Cain 

Scott— C.  M.  Danner Fritz  L.  Haskell  Thomas  J.  Priest John  P.  Ward 

Shelby— Ed.  R.  Knecht William  T.   Biggs  A.  L.  Yantis Charles  B.  Guin 

Stark— E.   G.  Williamson Grant  G.  Kilgore  John  W.  Fling,  Jr George  C.  Baker 

St.  Clair— M.  P.  Murray.  Jr Ed.  P.  Petri  A.   E.   Schaumleffel W.  A.  Hough 

Stephenson— Samuel   Markel John   G.    Hayes  Charles  H.  Green George  W.  Scott 

Tazewell— Henry   W.  Toennigs Robert  Clay  Edward    E.    Black C.    I.   Martin 

Union— Jeff  M.  Johnson John  J.  Tygett  James  Lingle Charles  O.  Otrick 

Vermilion— Robert  H.  Maler.  .Charles  N.  Knox  J.  H.  Lewman O.  P.  Haworth 

Wabash— Charles  Buchanan John  S.  Rigg  Harry  M.  Phipps Elmer  Greathouse 

Warren— W.  D.  Marshall A.  M.  Hicks  C.   E.  Lauder ....F.  M.  Wenbigler 

Washington— H.  W.  Finke H.  Klosterhoff  H.  H.  House T.  E.  Allen 

Wayne— J.  L.  Matthews G.   H.  Anderson  Roscoe  Forth J.  B.  Galbraith 

White— C.  W.  Frazier Charles  D.   Gibbs  Joe  A.   Pearce D.  L.  Boyd 

Whiteside— Fred  W.  Tripp P.  A.  Whitney  J.  J.  Ludens Harry  B.  Price 

Will— Benjamin  D.  Jones James  E.  Newkirk  Robert  W.  Martin August  Maue 

Williamson— Ed.  M.   Heaton Melvin  Thaxten  R.   R.  Fowler J.  W    McKinney 

Winnebago— Frank  A.  Carson .  Harry  H.  Baldwin  William  Johnson Abbie  J    Craig 

Woodford— Homer  Darst George  W.  Tegand  E.  J.   Henderson Roy  L.  Moore 

AREA  AND   POPULATION   OF   ILLINOIS   CITIES.         Acres.  Population. 

Land  area  in  acres  July  1.  1916:  population  :  Granite     City 2.540.0          13.800 

estimated  by  United  States  census  bureau  for  Jacksonville   city 3.500.0          15.606 

July  1.  1917:  only  places  having  a  population  Joliet   city 2.430.0          38.459 

ol  8.000  or  more  in  1910  included.  |Kankakee   city 2.157.0          14.270 

Acres.  Population.  Kewanee    city 1.9700          13607 

Alton  city 4.052.0          23.783  LaSalle    city 1.250io          121332 

Aurora   city 4.245.0          34.795  I  Lincoln    city 2.809.0          11.991 

Belleville  city 3.019.8          21.154  Mattoon    city 2.750.0 


Bloomington  city 2.974.6 

Blue  Island  village 1.341.0 

Cairo     city 1.440.0 

Canton  city 1.002.8 

Centralia  city   1.400.0 

Champaign  city   2.520.0 


27.462    Maywood    village 1.524.9 

9,450    Moline  city    3.546.0 

15.995    Monmouth    city 14400 

13.674   Mount  Vernon  city 1.520.0 

11,838  I  Oftk   Park   village 2.880.0 

15.052  , Ottawa    city 2.353.0 


Chicago   city 123.142.6    2.547.201  iPekin    city 4.146.0 


Chicago  Heights  city 1,480.0 

Cicero    town 3.677.0 

Danville    city 6.000.0 

Decatur   city 4.282.6 

De   Kalb   city 800.0 

East  St.  Louis  city 8.636.0 

Elgin  city 4.331.1 

Evanston  city 4.8289 

Freeport    city 2.543.0 

Galesburg    city 5.760.0 


Color,  nativity,  sex  and  other 
details  as  to  inhabitants  of  places 
having  a  population  of  25,000  or 
more,  excepting  Chicago,  which 
is  treated  separately. 
Aurora. 

Population    29.807 

White 29.511 


22.863    Peoria    city 6027*5 

20.846    Quincy    city 3799.6 

32.969    Rock  Island  city 5.221.0 

41.483    RockfQT-d   city 6.041.0 

9.705    Springfield    city 5.532.5 

77.312    Streator  city 2076.0 

28.562   Urbana   city 1.280.0 

29.304    Waukegan   city 3,360.0 

19.844  |      "Population   April   15.    1910:   decrease  "since 

24,629  1900;  no  estimate  made. 


12,764 
10.903 
27,976 
10.346 
10.043 
27.816 
•9,535 
10.973 
72.184 
36,832 
29.462 
66.739 
62.623 
14.313 
10.146 
20.917 


POPULATION  IN  1910. 
Negro    293 

Males  of  voting  age 

9  711 

Chinese                     2 

Naturalized 

1  795 

1  7i 

Native  white  —  Native  par.  .12.232 

Alien    .€  

1  150 

Foreign  or  mixed  par....  10,577 

Illiterate 

494 

Foreign-born   white  ..     .        6702 

Attending  school 

4  517 

Male    population  15.113 

Dwellings    . 

6  '35 

Families    . 

..  6.864 

ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


839 


Bloomington. 

Population    25.768 

White     24.953 

Negro   809 

Indian    1 

Chinese   5 


Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born    white 

Male    population..." 

Female   population 

Males  of  voting  age 

Naturalized 


..12.799 
. .  9.400 
..32.363 
..26,184 
..21,005 
1.613 


Native  white— Native  par 
Foreign  or  mixed  par..      6,904 

Foreign-born   white 3.407 

Male  population 12,321 

Female  population 13.447 

Males  of  voting  age 8,009 

Naturalized    I...    1,152 

First    papers 53 

Alien    137 

Illiterate    260 

Attending    school 4.269 

Dwellings    6.082 

Families    6,455 

Danville. 

Population    27.871 

White     26.393 

Negro   1,465 

Indian    1 

Chinese   12 

Native  white— Native  par.. 19.951 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 4.874 

Foreign-born   white 1,998 

Male    population 13.721 

Female     population 14.150 

Males  of  voting  age 8,514 

Naturalized  727 

First    papers 46 

Alien     60 

Illiterate    :...      544 

Attending  school 4.983 

Dwellings    6.793 

Families   7.167 

Decatur. 

Population    31.140 

White 30.354 

Negro   776 

Chinese   7 

Japanese    3 

Native   white— native   par.. 22,566 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 5,366 

Foreign-born   white 2.422 

Male    population 15.443 

Female  population 15,697 

Males  of  voting  age 9.703 

Naturalized    694 

First    papers 63 

Allen    270 

Illiterate    330 

Attending    school 5.199 

Dwellings    7.131 

Families   7.588 

East  St.  Louis. 

Population    58.547 

White    52  646 

Negro   5^882 

Chinese 


14  642  |  First     papers 874 

A.VfVW          .    .  i*_ni  O    n.\-t 


19 

Native  white— Native  par.. 30.447 

NOTE— In    the    above    tables    those    classed    as 
Illiterate    are    persons   10   years   of   age   or   over. 


Alien     2.701 

Illiterate 2,614 

Attending    school 8,oi9 

Dwellings    11.628 

Families   12, 888 

Eloln. 

Population  25,976 

White     25,794 

Negro   171 

Chinese    10 

Japanese  i 

Native  white— Native  par.. 10,346 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 9,787 

Foreign-born   white 5,661 

Male    population 12.2ao 

Female  population 13,686 

Males   of    voting   age 7,918 

Naturalized 1,608 

First  papers 127 

Alien    280 

Illiterate    615 

Attending    school 4,274 

Dwellings    , 5,383 

Families     ...  6,024 

Joliet. 

Population  34,670 

White     34, 161 

Negro   497 

Chinese    12 

Native  white— Native  par..  9.753 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 13,967 

Foreign-born    white 10,441 

Male    population 18,417 

Female  population 16,253 

Males  of  voting  age 11.477 

Naturalized     2.483 

First    papers 284 

Alien     2.671 

Illiterate    1.619 

Attending    school 5.863 

Dwellings    6.005 

Families   7,199 

Peoria. 

Population    66,950 

White     65.361 

Negro   1,569 

Indian    1 

Chinese    17 

Japanese    1 

Native  white— Native  par.. 36.615 

Foreign  or  mixed  par..  ..19.936 

Foreign-born    white 8.810 

Male    population 34.3fi2 

Female    population 32.586 

Males  of  voting  age 23.054 

Naturalized     2.598 

First  papers 191 


Alien    1.020 

Illiterate 724 

Attending    school 10,124 

Dwellings     14. 11 1 

Families   15.225 

Quincv. 

Population     36.587 

White     34.978 

Negro   1.596 

Chinese    12 

Japanese    1 

Native  white— Native  par.. 19.103 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 12,234 

Foreign-born    white 3,641 

Male    population 17,879 

Female     population 18,708 

Males  of  voting  age 11,388 

Naturalized    1,342 

First  papers 21 

Alien 51 

Illiterate    552 

Attending    school 5,729 

Dwellings 7.685 

Families     8,792 

Rockford. 

Population    45,401 

White   45,196 

Negro    197 

Chinese     7 

Japanese    1 

Native  white— Native  par.. 15,395 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 15,973 

Foreign-born    white 13, 828 

Male    population 23.302 

Female  population 22.U39 

Males  of  voting  age 15,014 

Naturalized     4,094 

First    papers 625 

Alien   1.822 

Illiterate    761 

Attending    school 7.020 

Dwellings    8,802 

Families   10.437 

Sprinafield. 

Population     51,678 

White     48.699 

Negro   2,961 

Indian    7 

Chinese   11 

Native  white— Native  par.. 27.944 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 13,855 

Foreign-born    white 6.900 

Male  population 25,488 

Female     population 26,190 

Males  of  voting  age 16.090 

Naturalized     1.940 

First    papers 242 

Alien     454 

Illiterate    I.I 


Attending  school 8,064 

Dwellings 11.214 

Families  11. SOS 

The  figures  for  school  attendance  include  persons 

6  to  20  years  inclusive. 


SOCIETIES  OF   ARTISTS  AND  ART   CLUBS. 


Artists'  Guild.  The— Rooms  516.  517.  514  Fine 
Arts  building:,  410  South  Michigan  avenue: 
president.  F.  J.  Reichman:  secretary  and 
managing'  director,  Elizabeth  L.  Saunders. 

Arts  Club  of  Chicago— 608-610  South  Michigan 
avenue:  president,  Mrs.  John  Alden  Carpen- 
ter: secretary.  Eames  MacVeagh. 

Chicag-o  Artists'  Association— President.  Georere 
Nelson  Holt:  vice-presidents.  Mrs.  Rose  L. 
Gannon,  Frederick  F  iTur.  Mrs.  Eric  DeLa- 
marter:  recording-  secretary.  Ma?-y  H.  Ly- 
ding-;  corresponding-  B"crct-;T.  Mrs.  F,  W. 
Meadows:  treasurer.  Mrs.  Hiram  Kadish. 

Chicago  Society  of  Artists  (organized  1902)  — 
President.  Mrs.  Pauline  Palmer;  vice-presi- 
dent; Louis  O.  Griffith:  secretary.  Carl  Kraft. 


treasurer.  Rudolph  Ing-erle.    Society  meets  in 

Art  institute. 
Chicago  Ceramic  Art  Association — Art  institute: 

president  and  director.  Mrs.  Georg-e  Emmons; 

corresponding  secretary.  Mrs.  Eugrene  Phelps; 

treasurer.  Mrs.  M.  K.  Bush. 
Chicag-o   Outdoor   Art   Leagrue— President.   Mr§. 

John   Worthy. 
Chicagro  Public  School   Art    Society— President. 

Mrs.  John  Bucking-ham;  corresponding:  secre- 
tary.   Mrs.    Alfred    M.    Walter.    2729    Prairie 

avenue. 
Municipal    Art    League    oi    Chicag-o— President, 

Everett  L.  Millard;  secretary.  Mrs.  William  F. 

Young*. 
Pa'ette     and    Chisel    Club— President,     Edward 

Holslag-;    secretary,   Lynn  Coy. 


840 


ALMANAC  AND  YEARBOOK  FOR   1920. 


MEMBERS    OF    THE    51ST    GENERAL    ASSEMBLY    OF    ILLINOIS    (1918-1919). 

Senators  and  representatives  are  paid  $3,500  for  term  of  two  years.    Senators  are  elected 
for  four  years  and  representatives  for  two.  • 

Diet. 

George    G.    Noonan,    D..    536    W.    31st-st.. 
Chicago. 

4.   Emil  O.  Kowalski.  R..  50  W.  44th-st..  Chi- 
cago. 

Frank   McDermott.    D..    1552   W.   Garfield- 
bd..    Chicago. 
James    P.    Boyle.    D.,    5448    S.    Union-av.. 


SENATE. 

Republicans,   34;   democrats,   17. 
Dist. 

1.  Francis    P.    Brady.    R..    119    E.    20th-st.. 
Chicago. 

2.  J.    M.    Powell.    D.,    1729    W.   Madison-st.. 
Chicago. 

3.  S.    A.     Ettelson.    R..    3659    Michigan-av.. 
Chicago. 

4.  Al     F.     Gorman,     D..     5436     Morgan-st.. 
Chicago. 

5.  M.   D.   Hull.  R..  4855  Woodlawn-av..   Chi- 
cago. 

6.  J.  J.  Barbour,  R..   7622  Sheridan-rd.,  Chi- 
cago. 

7.  F.    B.   Roos,   R..  512   Marengo-av..  Forest 
Park. 

8.  Rodney  B.  Swift.  R..  Libertyville. 

9.  P.   J.  Carroll.   D..   3533    S.    Hermitage-av., 
Chicago. 

10.  John    A.   Atwood.   R..    Stillman   Valley. 

11.  Frank  P.    Sadler.   R..    6556  Yale-av..   Chi- 
cago. 

12.  John   G.  Turnbaugh.   R..   Mount   Carroll. 

13.  A.  C.  Clark.  R..  7137  Euclid-av..  Chicago. 

14.  Harold   C.    Kessinger,    R.,    Aurora. 

15.  J.  J.  Boehm.  D..  729  W.  18th-st.,  Chicago. 

16.  Simon  E.   Lantz.   R..   Congerville. 

17.  E.    J.   Glackin,   D..    745  Lytle-st..   Chicago. 

18.  John   Dailey.    R..    Peoria. 

19.  J.    T.    Denvir.    D..    1847    S.    Crawford-av.. 
Chicago. 

20.  Edward  C.  Curtis.  R..  Grant  Park. 

21.  E.  J.  Hughes.  D..  3838  Fulton-st..  Chicago. 

22.  Martin   B.    Bailey.    R..    Danville. 

23.  Henry  W.  Austin.  R..   Oak  Park. 

24.  Henry   M.   Dunlap.    R.,    Savoy. 

25.  D.    Herlihy.   D..    2743   N.   Albany-av..  Chi- 
cago. 

26.  William  H.  Wright.  R..  McLean. 

27.  J.  Broderick.  D..   732  W.  Madison-st..  Chi- 
cago. 

?.  William  G.  McCullougrh.   D..   Decatur. 

>.  P.  J.  Sullivan.   D.,   121  Maple-st..  Chicago. 

).  Walter  I.  Manny.  D.,  Mount  Sterling. 

31.  W.   H.   Cornwell.  R..   3825  Alta  Vista-ter.. 
Chicago. 

32.  Clarence  F.  Buck.  R.,  Monmouth. 

33.  Martin  R.  Carlson.  R..  Moline. 

34.  John    R.    Hamilton.    R..    Mattoon. 

35.  .Adam    C.    Cliffe,    R..    Sycamore. 

36.  Charles   R.  McNay,    D.,    Ursa. 

37.  Clayton  C.   Pervier.   R..    Sheffield. 

38.  Stephen    D.    Canaday,    D..    Hillsboro. 

39.  T.    G.    Essington.    R..    LaSalle. 

40.  Frank  B.  Wendling.  D.,  Shelbyville. 

41.  Richard    J.    Barr.    R.,    Joliet. 

42.  F.    C.    Campbell.    D..    Xenia. 

43.  W.    S.   Jewell,    R.,    Lewistown. 

44.  Frank   M.    Hewitt.    R.,    Carbondale. 

45.  John    A.    Wheeler,    R.,    Springfield. 

46.  Charles  L.   Wood.  R..    Keens. 

47.  J.   G.   Bardill.   R..    Highland. 

48.  Raleigh  M.  Shaw,  D..  Lawrenceville. 

49.  R.    E.   Duvall.    R..   Belleville. 

50.  Sidney  B.    Miller.*    R..   Cairo. 

51.  W.  A.   Spence,  R..  Metropolis. 

HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

Republicans,  90:  democrats.  63. 
Dist. 

1.  John  Griffin.  D..  2020  Indiana-av..  Chicago. 
W.    M.    Brinkman.    R..    3119    Indiana-av., 
Chicago. 

S.   B.  Turner.  R..  21   E.  28th-st..  Chicago. 

2.  Frank  Ryan.  D..  2139  W.  13th-st..  Chicago. 
S.   E.   Weinshenker,   D..    1001    S.   Ashland- 
bd..  Chicago. 

R.    J.    Marcy.    R..    1953    W.    Congress-st., 
Chicago. 

3.  A.  H.  Roberts,  R..  3405  Calumet-av..  Chi- 
cago. 

Warren  B.  Douglas.  R..  3434  Calumet-av., 
Chicago. 


Chicago. 

5.  Sidney    Lyon.    R..    5250    S.    Michigan-av.. 

Theodore  K.  Long.  R..  4823  Kimbark-av.. 

Chicago. 

Michael    L.     Igoe.     D..     5434    Cornell-av., 

Chicago. 

6.  Ralph    E.    Church.    R..    1411    Chicago-av.. 
Evanston. 

Emil   A.    W.    Johnson.   R.,   2131   Potwyne- 

pl.,    Chicago. 

Robert  E.  Wilson.  D.,  4025  Greenview-av.. 

Chicago. 

7.  Albert    F.    Volz.     R..     Arlington     Heights. 
Howard  P.   Castle.    R..   Barrington. 

John   W.    McCarthy.    D..    Lemont. 

8.  Edward  D.    Shurtleff.   R..   Marengo. 
James   H.    Vickers,   R.,   Harvard. 
Thomas   E.   Graham,   D..   Ingleside. 

9.  David  E.   Shanahan,  R.,   3315  S.  Western- 
bd..   Chicago. 

Joseph  Placek.  D.,  2347  S.  Kedzie-av..  Chi- 
cago. 

Thomas  A.  Doyle.  D..  3549  Lowe-av..  Chi- 
cago. 

10.  Charles  W.  Baker.   R..  Monroe  Center. 
H.  S.  Hicks,   R.,   Rockford. 

Guy  W.   Ginders.   R..   Rockford. 

11.  William  H.  Cruden.  R..  10204  Wallace-St.. 
Chicago. 

Edward  B.  Lucius.  R..  7520  Stewart-av.. 
Chicago. 

Frank  J.  Ryan,  D.,  6828  Bishop-st.,  Chi- 
cago. 

12.  Robert   Irwin,    R.,    Mount    Carroll. 
Joseph   L.    Meyers,    R..    Scioto   Mills. 
Charles    F.   Franz.    D.,    Freeport. 

13.  C.    A.   Young.   R..    2809    E.    76th-st..    Chi- 
cago. 

G.  A.  Dahlberg.  R.,  147  E.  lllth-st..  Chi- 
cago. 

James  W.  Ryan.  D.,  7343  Crandon-av.. 
Chicago. 

14.  DeGoy  B.   Ellis.  R..   Elgin. 
Frank   A.   McCarthy,   R.,    Elgin. 
Fred   B.    Shearer,    R.,    Aurora. 

15.  Thomas    Curran.    R.,    2023    S.    Racine-av.. 
Chicago. 

Joseph  Perina,  D.,  1835  Fisk- St.,  Chicago. 
Peter  F.  Smith,  D.,  1608  S.  Union-av.. 
Chicago. 

16.  Charles  M.   Turner.    R..    Wenona. 
William  H.   Bentley.   R..  Pontiac. 
Michael  Fahy.  D..  Toluca. 

17.  Edward    J.    Smejkal.    R..    560    Bunker-st.. 
Chicago. 

Charles  Cola.  D.,  817  Forquer-st..  Chicago. 
Jacob  W.  Epstein.  D..  1133  Newberry-av., 
Chicago. 

18.  Charles  W.  LaPorte,   R.,  Peoria. 
Charles  S.   Stubbles.   R.,  Peoria. 
Thomas   N.   Gorman,   D.,   Peoria. 

19.  Solomon    P.    Roderick,    R..    3310   Douglas- 
bd.,    Chicago. 

J.  T.  Prendergast,  D..  1233  S.  Lawndale- 
av.,  Chicago. 

James  P.  O'Brien,*  D.,  4118  Washington- 
bd.,  Chicago. 

20.  Richard   R.    Meents,   R..   Ashkum. 
Israel  Dudgeon,  R.,   Morris. 

B.    W.  Alpiner.   D..   Kankakee. 

21.  Frederick  J.  Bippus.  R..  4733  W.  Chicago- 
av..  Chicago. 

Michael  F.  Maher.  D..  753  N.  Central 
Park-av..  Chicago. 

Benjamin  M.  Mitchell.  D..  3210  Washing- 
ton-blvd..  Chicago. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


841 


Dial. 

22.  Abraham  L.    Stanfield,    R.,    Paris. 
William   P.  Holaday.   R..    Georgetown. 
Archie    M.    Vance.    D..    Paris. 

23.  William   G.   Thon.  R..   1220  N.  Spaulding- 
av     Chicago. 

Edward  M.  Overland.   R..   3228  Hirsch-st.. 

Chicago. 

Thomas  P.  Keane.  D..  2705  Iowa-st..  Chi- 

24.  Wmi'am   H.   H.   Miller.   R..   Champaign. 
Charles  A.   Gregory.  R..   Lovington. 

25.  ^rVesBLD^fdsSck.L°R^toT6   N.  Hard- 


28 


30 
31 

32. 
33 
34 
35 


j.iit;uu.ui  u     xv,      k^tcAuci.  v,      Ku«      >2H/i     JrOWCJ-i" 

J«tin€GiCa5acobson.    D..    1646    N.    Irviiyr- 

av..  Chicago. 

William  Rowe.  R..   Saybrook. 

William  Noble.  R..  Gibson  City. 

George    E.   Dooley.    D..    Le  Roy. 

Edward   Walz.    R..    541    W.   Lake-st..    Chi- 

Jofeph    Patlak.    D..    1600    W.    North-av.. 
J?mef°M.  Donlan.  D..  954  W.  Madison-st.. 

C&pheus   W.    Smith.    R..    Decatur 
~~dwin  C.   Perkins.   R..   Lincoln. 


CliVlllS,      XV..      i4UIwU**A« 

as*  F:  KBSe&t?!taMw» 


lorace   W. 


Bernard0?  Conlon.  D..  163  E.  Chicago-av.. 

Lawrfnce   C.    O'Brien.    D..    1216   Dearborn- 

av..    Chicago. 

Homer   J.   Tice,    R..    Greenview 

Ben  L.   Smith.   D..  Pekin. 

William    H.    Dieterich.    D...    Beardstown 

Carl  Mueller.  R..  2143  Lincoln  Park  West. 

Chicago. 

James   A.   Stevens,    R.,    2148   N.  Clark-st.. 

Frank^J.   Seif.   Jr..   D..   1529    Orchard-st.. 

Chicago. 

James  M.  Pace.   R..   Macomb 

Rollo  R.  Robbins.  R..  Augusta. 

Ernest   O.    Reaugh.   D..   Carthage. 

James    A.    Wells.    R..    Aledo. 

Frank  E.   Abbey.   R..    Biggsville. 

Everett  L.  Werts.   D..   Oquawka. 

E.  Walter  Green.  R..   Hindsboro. 

.    L.    Ruffner.    R..    Marshall. 

,obert   Howard.   D..   Mattoon.     . 
lerick  A.   Brewer.   R..  Tampico. 


42 


VTJU 

.«S 


Diet. 

A.  T.  Tourtillott.  R..  Dixon. 
John   P.    Devine.   D..   Dixon. 

36.  A.    Otis    Arnold.    R..    Quincy. 
Henry   Bowers.    D..    Pittsfield. 
Holland    M.    Wagner.    D..    Quincy. 

37.  Randolph    Boyd.    R.,    Galva.     . 
John   W.   Walters.   R..    Wyoming. 
Frank   W.    Morrasy.   D..    Sheffield. 

38.  Otto  C.  Sonnemann.  R..  Carlinyiile. 

ruman   A.    Snell,    D..    Carlinville. 
.  A.  Shephard,  D..  Jersey  ville. 

39.  William    M.    Scanlan.    R..    Peru. 
R.    G.    Soderstrom.  R.,    Streator. 
Lee    O'Neil    Browne.    D..    Ottawa. 

40.  Lincoln  Bancroft.  D..  Greenup. 
Arthur   Roe.    D..    Vandalia. 

John   C.   Richardson.   D..   Edenburg. 

41.  James  R.  Bentley.  R..   New  Lenox. 
William   R.   McCabe.   R..    Lockport. 

chael  F.    Hennebry.    D..    Wilmington. 

arles    L.    McMackin.    R..    Salem. 
A.  B.  Lager.  D..   Breese. 
John  W.  Thomason.   D..  Louisville. 

43.  Owen   B.    West.    R..    Yates   City. 
A.   O.  Lindstrum.   R..    Galesburgr. 
M.   P.    Rice.    D..   Lewistown. 

44.  W.    George   Beever.    R..    Chester. 
Harry  Wilson.  R..  Pinckney ville. 
James   M.    Etherton.   D..   Carbondale. 

45.  Jacob   Frisch.    R..    Springfield. 
Fred  W.  Wanless.  R..  Riverton. 
Clarence   A.   Jones.   D..    Springfield. 

46.  W.    B.    Phillips.    R..    Mount    Vernon. 
Frank   Vice.    Jr..   R..    Olney. 

John  Kasserman.  D..  Newton. 

47.  Norman   G.   Flagg.    R..    Moro. 
Chris   Rethmeier    R..    Edwardsville. 
Ferdinand  A.  Garesche.  D..  Madison. 

48.  James   A.    Watson.    R..    Elizabethtown. 
Samuel  R.  Thomas,    R.,    Oblong. 
Rene  Havill.  D..  Mount  Carmel. 

49.  Charles  F.    Short.   R..    East   St.   Louis. 
James  W.  Rentchler.   R..   Belleville. 
Frank  Holton.   D..   East   St.  Louis. 

50.  James  P.  Mooneyhan,  R.,   Benton. 
Charles    Curren.    R..    Mound    City. 
J.   L.    Hammond.    D..    Anna. 

51.  Claude  F.  Lacy.  R..  Boaz. 

K.   C.   Ronalds.    R..    Eldorado. 
John   J.   Parish.   D..   Harnsburg. 


Republicans 
Democrats    . 


Summary. 

Senate.  House. 


17 


THE  ILLINOIS   HTJMANE  SOCIETY. 


President— Solomon  Sturges. 
Vice-President—John  L.    Shortall. 
Secretary — George    A.    H.    Scott. 
Treasurer— Charles  E.  Murison. 
Executive   Committee— Edward   W.   Blatchford. 
George  A.  H.  Scott.  Miss  Ruth  Ewing.  Rich- 
ard   E.    Schmidt.    Thomas    Taylor,    Jr..    and 
Charles  E.  Murison. 

According  to  the  report  presented  at  the  fif- 
tieth annual  meeting  of  the  society  in  Febru- 


ary. 1919.  the  year  1918-1919  was  one  of  the 
busiest  in  the  history  of  the  organization.  In 
the  twelve  months  1,157  complaints  affecting1 
2,329  children  in  Chicago  and  vicinity  were 
received  and  acted  upon.  Eight  hundred  and 
thirty  children  were  rescued  from  cruel  or  in- 
capable parents  or  guardians  and  the  cases  of 
eighty-three  delinquents  were  disposed  of 
through  the  courts.  Complaints  of  cruelty 
to  animals  numbered  2.352.  A  total  of  56,655 
animals  were  given  relief. 


Commander— H.  D.  Fulton,  Chicag-o. 

Senior   Vice-Commander— B.   F.   Lee.   Rockford. 

Junior  Vice-Commander—Edwin  N.  Armstrong-, 
Peoria. 

Medical   Director— W.    M.   Hanna,    Aurora. 

Chaplain — Rev.    W.    J.    Libberton,    Chicago. 

Council  of  Administration— William  Andrews, 
Rockford:  Jam^s  M.  Tnylor.  Tnylorville:  B. 
M.  Campbell,  Peoria:  C.  E.  Vaug-han,  Chi- 
cago; James  M.  Browri,  Freeport. 


ILLINOIS  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  G.  A.  B. 

Department  Officers   (1919-1920). 


Assistant  Adjutant  and  Quartermaster-General 
—Henry  C.  Cooke,  Chicag-o. 

Patriotic    Instructor— Charles    Smith.    Chicag-o. 

Judg-e    Advocate — R.    H.    Peterson,    Evanston. 

Chief   of  Staff— W.   H.    Moore.    Blooming-ton. 

Chief  Mustering   Officer— Philip   Smith.   Peoria. 

Inspector — John   W.    Arnold.    Joliet. 

Headquarters— Memorial  hall,  Michigan  ave- 
nue and  Randolph  street,  Chicago. 


CORRECTION    IN    VOTE    FOB    B.    M.    MITCHELL. 


B.  M.  Mitchell,  democratic  candidate  for 
representative  in  the  21st  senatorial  district 
at  the  election  Nov.  5.  1918.  received  the  sec- 
ond highest  vote  instead  of  third  highest.  An 


amended  abstract  of  the  votes  shows  that 
Frederick  J.  Bippus.  republican,  received  11.- 
308%  votes  instead  of  12.266%  votes  as  at 
first  officially  reported. 


842 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


ILLINOIS    ELECTORAL    DISTRICTS. 


COUNTY. 

County  seat. 

Sena- 
torial. 

Congres- 
sional. 

Judicial 
circuit. 

JfDICIAL  DlS. 

Appel- 
late. 

Su- 
preme. 

Adams  

Quincy  
Cairo 

31 

50 
47 
8 
30 
37 
86 

g 

24 
40 
34 
42 
42 
34 
1.2,3.4,5,h 
7.9.11.18  15 
17.19.2l.23 
25.27.29,31 
48 
40 
35 
28 
34 

3 

48 
42 

43 
48 
38 

8 

32 
48 
33 
37 
20 
44 
46 
46 
38 
12 
51 

8 

14 

43 
8 

16 

28 

i 

47 
42 
16 
30 

i 

26 
30 
33 
44 
38 
45 
24 
10 
18 
44 
24 
36 

3- 

16 
44 

JO 

i 

12 
20 
16 
20 
13 
20 
19 
21 
18 
24 
23 
19 

1,2.3.4,5 

6,7,8.9,10 

23 
18 
12 
19 
19 
11 
18 

23 
17 
25 
15 

24 
14 
24 

i! 

18 
25 
23 
23 
20 

i 

11 

18 
12 
15 

12 

23 
13 
17 

17 

1? 

X2 
23 

IS 

24 
14 
11 
17 
20 
14 
22 
21 
20 
19 
13 
16 
25 
19 
20 
24 
25 
16 
25 
23 
14 
M 

8 
1 
3 
17 
8 
13 

it 

8 

! 

4 
4 

5 

Not 
num- 
bered 

2 

i 

6 
16 
5 
2 
4 
4 
11 

I 

13 
2 
4 

§ 

14 
J? 

! 

'f 

i? 

16 

i! 

2 

!? 

11 
6 
7 
3 
4 
10 
8 

9 
17 
11 
4 
14 
3 
4 
7 
6 
15 
10 
3 
6 
8 
1 
1 
10 
-  3 
2 
14 
1 

3 

1 

3 
2 
3 
2 
3 
3 
3 
3 
4 
4 
1 

}; 

1 

3 
3 
2 
3 

3 
4 
3 
2 

! 

4 

3 
3 
3 
2 
•2 
4 
3 
3 
4 
4 
2 
4 

i 

Greenville.  . 

Belvidere  

Mount  Sterling  

Princeton  

Hardin  

Carroll                                 

Mount  Carroll  

Ca88                                   

Virginia  

Taylorville 

Ciark 

Marshall  

Clay 

Louisville  

Clinton                        

Carlyle  

Coles                    

Charleston  

Cook~                

Chicago  -| 

Crawford          

Robi  nson  

Cumberland  

Toledo  

DeKalb 

Sycamore  . 

DeWltt                             •••• 

Clinton  

Tuscola  

Wheaton 

Kdfjar              

Paris  

Albion.  .  .. 

KtfillKhillQ.  .  . 

Vandalia  

Paxton 

Franklin                 

Benton  

Fulton  
Gallatin  

L«ewi8town  
Sbawneetown  
Carrollton.. 

Morris  

Mcl^eansboro  

Hancock                           

Carthage  

Hardin                              

Elizabethtown  

Oquawka  

Cambridge  

tVatseka  

Vlurphysboro 

Newton  

Mount  Vernon  

Jersey  

Jersey  ville  
Galena 

Vienna  

Kane                           

•Jeneva  
Kankakee  '  

Kendall                              •••• 

Yorkville  

Knox 

Jalesburg  

Lake                                  

kVaukegan  

Ottawa  . 

,awrenceville  

Dixon  

Livingston  

Pontiac  

Logan  

)ecatur  

Jarlinville  

Sdwardsville  .  . 

Salem  

Marshall 

_iacon  

Mason 

i  avana  

Uetropolis  

Hacomb  

Mcllenry                             •••• 

tVoodstock  

McLean  

31oommgton  

Menard  

Aledo  

Monroe  

Waterloo  
Hillsboro  \". 
Jacksonville  

Moixan  

Moultrie  
Dele 

Sullivan  
Oregon  

Peoria  

T*o      v 

Pinckneyville  
Monticello  

T*i  Att 

Pike  

Mttsfield  

Pope  
Pulaski  

Golconda  .. 
Mound  City      ...  . 

Hennepin  

Chester  

Ricbland 

)lney  
iock  Island  
Harrisburg    . 

Rock  Island  

Saline  

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


843 


ILLINOIS  ELECTORAL 

DISTRICTS—  CONTINUED. 

COUNTY. 

County  seat. 

Sena- 
torial. 

Congres- 
sional. 

Judicial 
circuit. 

JUDICIAL  Dl8. 

Appel- 
late. 

Su- 
preme. 

Sangamon  

Springfield  .. 
Rushville    .     . 

45 

30 

8 
8 

12 

30 

i 

48 
22 
44 
46 
48 
35 

8 

10 
16 

21 
15 
20 
19 
16 
22 
13 
16 
25 

14 
22 

E 

13 
11 
25 
12 
17 

7 
8 
7 
4 
10 

'I 

5 
1 

9 
3 
2 
2 
14 

17 
11 

3 
3 
3 
3 
2 
4 
2 
3 
4 
3 
4 
2 
4 
4 
4 
2 
2 

2 

3 

I 
6 
1 

i 

3 
1 

i 

i 

4 
1 
1 
1 

7 

1 

i 

6 

Winchester.  . 

Shelby 

Shelbyville  ... 

Belleville 

Free  port  . 

Tarewell  





Pekin  
Jonesboro  

Danville  

Mount  Carmel 

Washington  

Nashville  
Fairfleld  

Carmi  

Morrison 

5 

Will 

Joliet  

Marion 

Rockford  

Woodford  

Kureka  

Counties. 

1820. 

POPULATION 

[From 
1830.          1840. 
2,186        14,476 
1,390         3,313 
3,124         6,060 
1,705 

OF   IL 

federal 
1850. 
26.508 
2,484 
6,144 
7,624 
7.198 
8.841 
3,231 
4,586 
7,253 
2,649 
3,203 
9,522 
4.289 
5,139 
9,336 
43,385 
7,133 
3,718 
7,540 
6,002 

LINOIS  BY   COUNTIES. 

census  reports.] 
1860.          1870.          1880.            1890.            1900.            1910. 
41.323         56,362        69,148          61.188          67,058          64,681 
4.707        10.564        14.809          16.563          19.384          22.741 
9,815         13,152        14,873          14,550          16,708         17,07* 
11,678         12,942        11,527          12.203          15.791          15.481 
9,938        12,205        13,044         11,961         11,667         10,897 
26,426        34,415        33,189         86,014         41,112         43.97* 
6,144          6,562         7.471           7,652           8,917           8,61* 
11.733         16,705        16,985          18,320          18,963          18J036 
11.325         11,580        14,494          16,963          17.222          17,371 
14,629         32,737        40,869          42.159          47.622          51.829 
10.492         20,363        28,232          30,531          32.790          84,594 
14.987        18.719        21,900         21,899         24.033         23.617 
9.336         15,875        16,195          16,772          19.553          18,661 
10,941        16,285        18,718         17.411         19,824         22.831 
14.203         25.535        27,055          30,093          34,146          34,617 
144,954       349,966      607.719     1,191,922    1,838.736    2.405  231 
11,551         13.889        16.190          17,283          19.240          26,281 
8,311       .12.223        13,762         15.443         16.124         14.281 
19,086         23.265        26,774          27.066          31.766         33.457 
10.820        14.768        17,014         17.011         18.927         18.906 
7,140        13,484        15,857         17,669         19.097         19,591 
14.701        16.685        19.187         22.661         28,196         83.432 
16,926        21,450        26,604         26,787         28,273         27,836 
7,454          7.565         8,600           9.444         10,345         10,049 
7.816        15.653        18.924          19,358          20.466          20.066 
11,189         19.63*        23.243          23.367          28.065          28.076 
1,979          9.103        15,106          17.035          18.269          17,09(5 
9.393        12.652       16,129         17.138         19,675         26.948 
33.338         38.291        41.249          43,110         46,201          49,649 
8.055         11,134        12,862         14,935         16,836          14.628 
16.093         20.277        23,014         23,791          23.402          22,368 
10.379        14.928        16.738         21.024         24,136         24,162 
9,915         13.014        16.712          17,800          20.197          18.227 
29,061         35,935        35,352         21.907          32,215          30.638 
3,759          6,113          6.024           7.231           7.448           7,016 
9.501        12.582        10,755           9.876         10,836           9.724 
20.660        35.506        36.609          33.338         40.049          41,716 
12.325        25,782        35,457         35.167          38,014         85,648 
9,589         19,634        22.508          27,809          33.871          36.148 
£.364         11.238        14.515          18.188         20.160         18.157 
12,965         17.864        20.686         22,590          28.133          29,111 
12.051         15,054        15,546         14,810          14.612          13,964 
27,<?2!>         27.820        27,534          25.101          24.F33          22.H57 
9.342         11.248        13.079          15.013          15.667          14.831 
30.062         39.091        44.956         65.061          78.793          91.862 
15.412         24.352        24.961          28.732          37.154          40.761 
13.074         12.399        13.084          12,106          11.467          10.7T7 
28.663         39.522        38.360          38.752          43.612          46.169 
18.257         21.914        21.299          24.235          34.504          66.068 
48.332         69.792        70.420          80.798          87.778          90.132 
9.214         12.533        13.633          14.693          16.523          22.661 
17.691         27.171        27.494          26.187          29.894          17.760 
11.637         31.471        38.450          38.455          42.035          40.4W 
14.272         23.053        25.041          25,489          28.680          30.116 
13.738         26.481        30.671          30.083          44.003          64.186 
24.602         32,726        37.705          40,380          42.256          60.686 
31.351         44.131        50.141          51.535          64.694          89.847 
12.739        20,622        23,691          24,341          30,446          86,094 

Alexander    .... 
Bon  d      

626 
2.931 

4,183 

3,067 

1,090         1.741 
1,023 

Carroll 

2  981 

1,475 

Christian 

1,878 

dark        

931 

3,940         7,453 
755         3,228 
2,830         3.718 
9,616 

Clay 

Coles          .  .    . 

Crawford 

2,999 

3,117         4,422 

DeKalb 

1,697 

3,247 

3,535 

9,290 
10,692 
3,624 
3,799 
8,075 

Edgar       ..     .. 

4,071         8,225 
1,649         3,070 
1,675 

Kdwards    

3,444 

Fayette 

2,704         6,238 

Ford    

Franklin 

1,763 

4.083          3.682 
1,841        13.142 
7,405        10,760 
7,674        11,951 

6,681 
22.508 
5,418 
12.429 
3.023 
6.362 
14.652 
2.887 
4,612 
3,809 
4,149 
6,862 
3,220 
8,109 
7,354 
18,604 
4,114 
16.703 

Fulton 

Oallatln  

3,156 

Hamilton       ... 

2,616         3.945 
483         9,946 
1,378 

41         1,260 
.     ...          1  695 

Jackson    •     ... 

1,542 

1,828          3,566 
1,472 

Jefferson    ..  . 

.     691 

2,555         6.762 
4,535 

2,111         6.180 
1,596          3,626 
6  501 

843 

7  780 

274         7,060 
7.654 

13.278 
14.226 
17.815 
6.121 
5.292 
1.552 
5.128 
3.988 
12.355 
20.441 
6,720 

Lake 

LaSalle 

9.348 

3.668         7.092 
2,035 

Lee 

759 

2.333 

1.122         3.039 
1.990          7,826 
6.221        14.433 
2.125         4,752 

Madison   
Marlon    . 

.13.F50 

844 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Counties. 

1820. 

1830. 

1840. 

1850. 

1860. 

1870. 

1880. 

1890. 

1900. 

1910. 

Marshall    

1,849 

6,180 

13,437 

16,596 

15,036 

13,653 

16,370 

16,679 

Mason   

5,021 

10,931 

16,184 

16,244 

16,067 

17,491 

17,377 

Massac   

4,092 

6,213 

S.581 

10,443 

11,314 

13,110 

14,200 

5,308 

7,616 

20,069 

26,509 

27,984 

27,467 

28,312 

26,887 

McHenry   

2.578 

14,918 

22,089 

23,762 

24,914 

26,114 

29,759 

32,609 

McLean  

6,565 

10,163 

28,772 

53,988 

€0,115 

63,036 

67,843 

68,008 

Menard  

4,431 

6,349 

9,584 

11,735 

33,028 

13,120 

14,336 

12,796 

Mercer   

26 

2,352 

6,246 

15,042 

18,769 

19,501 

18,545 

20,944 

19,721 

Monroe    

i',516 

2,000 

4,481 

7,679 

12.S32 

12,982 

13,682 

12,948 

13,847 

12,508 

Montgomery  ... 

2)953 

4,490 

6.277 

13,979 

25,314 

28.086 

30,003 

30,836 

35,311 

Morgan  

12,714 

19,547 

16.064 

22,112 

28,463 

31,519 

32,636 

35,006 

84,420 

Moultrie    

2,234 

6,385 

10,355 

13,705 

14,481 

15,224 

14,630 

Ogle  

3,479 

10,020 

22,888 

27,492 

29,946 

28,710 

29,129 

27,864 

Peorla  

6,153 

17,647 

36,601 

47,540 

55,419 

70,378 

88,608 

100,265 

Perry  

1.215 

3,222 

5,278 

9,552 

13,723 

16,008 

17,529 

19,830 

22,088 

Piatt   

1,696 

6,127 

10,953 

15,583 

17,062 

17,706 

16,376 

Pike   

2,396 

11,728 

18,819 

27,249 

30,768 

33,761 

31,000 

31.59E 

28,622 

Pope  
Pulaski  

2,610 

3.316 

4,094 

3,975 
2,264 

6,742 
3,943 

11,437 
8,752 

13,256 
9.507 

14.017 
11,355 

13,585 
14,554 

11,215 
15,660 

1,310 

2,131 

3,924 

6,587 

6,280 

6,555 

4,730 

4,746 

7,661 

Randolph  

3,492 

4.429 

7,944 

11,079 

17,205 

20,859 

25,691 

25,049 

28,001 

29.120 

Ricbland    

3,012 

9,711 

12,803 

15,546 

15,019 

16,391 

15,970 

Rock    Island... 

2,610 

6,938 

21,005 

29,763 

38,314 

41,917 

55,249 

70,404 

Saline    

5,588 

9,331 

12,714 

15,940 

19,342 

21,686 

30,204 

Bcbuyler    

12,960 
2,959 

14,716 
6.972 

19,228 
10.573 

32,274 
14,684 

46,352 
17,419 

52,902 
16,249 

61,195 
16,013 

71,593 
16,129 

91,029 
14.862 

Scott  

6,215 

7,914 

9.069 

10,530 

10,745 

10,304 

10,455 

10,067 

Shelby  

2,972 

6,659 

7,807 

14,613 

25,476 

30,282 

31,191 

32,126 

31,698 

Stark  

1,573 

3.710 

9,004 

10,751 

11,209 

9,982 

10,186 

10,008 

St.   Clair  

5,248 

7,078 

13,631 

20,180 

37,694 

61,068 

61,850 

66,571 

86,685 

119,870 

Stephenson  

2,800 

11,667 

25,112 

30,608 

31,970 

31,338 

34,933 

36,821 

Tazewell    

4,716 

7,221 

12,052 

21,470 

27,903 

29,679 

29,556 

33,221 

34,027 

Union  

2,362 

3,239 

6,524 

7,615 

11,181 

17,513 

18.100 

21,549 

22,610 

21,851 

Vermilion    

6,836 

9,303 

11,402 

19,800 

30,388 

41,600 

49,905 

65,635 

77,996 

Wabash    

2,710 

4,240 

4,690 

7,313 

8,841 

9,945 

11,866 

12,583 

14,911 

Warren   

308 

6,739 

8,176 

18,336 

23,174 

22,940 

21,281 

23,163 

23,318 

Washington  

1,647 

1,675 

4,810 

6,953 

13,731 

17.599 

21,117 

19,262 

19,526 

18,769 

Wayne  

1,114 

2,553 

6,123 

6,825 

12,223 

10,758 

21,297 

23,806 

27,626 

25,697 

White   

4,828 

6,091 

7,919 

8,925 

12,403 

16,846 

23,089 

25,005 

25,386 

23.062 

Whlteside  

2,614 

5,361 

18,737 

27,503 

30,888 

30,854 

34.710 

34,607 

Will     

10,167 

16,703 

29,389 

43,013 

53,424 

62,007 

74,764 

84,371 

Williamson  

2,457 

7,216 

12,241 

17,329 

19,326 

22,226 

27,796 

45,098 

Winnebago  

4,609 

11,773 

24.491 

£9,301 

?0,518 

39,938 

47,845 

63,158 

Woodford  

4.415 

13,282 

18.956 

21,630 

21,429 

21.822 

20.  6M 

Aggregate   ...  55.162      157.445      476,183      851,470 ojl,711,951  2,539,831  3,077,871    3,826,351    4,821,550   5,638,591 

NOTB— In  1800  and  1810  the  territory  of  Illinois  I  dolph  county  was  1.103  and  of  St.  Clair  1,265. 
contained  but  two  organized  counties.  Randolph  total  2.358:  in  1810  Randolph  7.276  and  St.  Glair 
and  St.  Clair.  In  1800  the  population  of  Ran-  I  5.007.  total  12.282. 


COLOR,    NATIVITY,   PARENT- 
AGE  (1910). 
Color. 

White   5,626.962 

Negro    109,049 

Indian    188 

Chinese    2,103 

Japanese     285 

Filipino   3 

Hindu     1 

Nativity. 

Total     native 4,433,277 

Total    foreign    born 1,205,314 

Native   white 4,324,402 

Foreign  born  white 1,202,560 

Parentage. 

Native    2,600,555 

Foreign    1,232,155 

Mixed   491,692 


SEX    (1910). 

Class.  Male.    Female. 

White     2,852,3862,674,576 

Negro     66,909       62,140 

Other     2.379  201 

Native    white... 2,178,791  2,145,611 

Native   par'ge.1,324,922  1,275,633 

For.    par'tage.    611,275     620,880 

Mixed    par'ge.    242.694     249.098 

For.   born   white    673,595      628.965 

Urban    1,779.839  1.697.090 

Eural   1.131.836  1,029.827 


STATE    OR   DIVISION   OF 
BIRTH   (1910). 

Illinois 3.406.638 

Other  states 1.026, 639 

Indiana    143,188 

Ohio     122,391 

New    York 92.300 

Missouri    85,161 

Pennsylvania     78,116 

Kentucky     74,543 

Wisconsin    67,296 

Iowa    67,948 

Michigan    46,419 

Tennessee    36,939 

Kansas     19,008 

Virginia     17,360 

Massachusetts     16,280 

Minnesota    12,753 

Nebraska    11,968 

New    Jersey 10,434 

All    other* 134,535 

Division. 

New  England 37,533 

Middle     Atlantic 180,850 

East   north    central 3,785,932 

West   north  central 190,546 

South     Atlantic 51,057 

East   south    central 125,716 

West    south    central 18,108 

Mountain    7,728 

Pacific    6,357 

Other*    29,450 

•Includes  persons  born  in  the 
United  States,  state  not  speci- 
fied; persons  born  in  outlying 
possessions  or  at  sea  under 


United  States  flag,    and   Ameri- 
can citizens  born   abroad. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  STOCK  BT 
NATIONALITY  (1910). 

Includes  all  white  persons  In 
Illinois  of  foreign  birth  or  hav- 
ing one  or  both  parents  foreign 
born. 

Country.  Number. 

Austria  280.844 

Belgium  14,858 

Canada— French  28.577 

Canada— Other  86,091 

Denmark  33.519 

England  168,39« 

Finland  3,182 

France  21,757 

Germany  1,014.408 

Greece  11,178 

Holland  82.404 

Hungary  62,764 

Ireland  330,434 

Italy  116,685 

Norway  68.488 

Roumania  6,382 

Russia  227,960 

Scotland  63.609 

Sweden  230,181 

Switzerland  ^  ,21,658 

Turkey  (Asia) S.38J 

Turkey  (Europe) 2,678 

Wales  11.687 

All  other 111.640 


Total     1,121,407 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


845 


REGIST 

AFTER  REVISIO1 

Ward.                              Men. 
1                                   in  RSI 

RATION    OF    VOTE 

J  FEB.  8. 
Women.         Total. 
2.490        13.171 
8.233        23.498 
9.691        24.483 
4.215        11.658 
4,618        13,838 
11.170        28.293 
12.860        32.288 
5.282        15,890 
5.563        16.660 
3.046          8.405 
3.394          9,892 
6.130        14,321 
9.147        23,667 
6.296        16.882 
5,523        17,879 
2.851           8,673 
1.963          6,295 
4,803        15,880 
2.081           7.587 
2.018          6.327 
4.883        16,120 
2.275           8.254 
8.051        21.763 
4,826        15.055 
15.773        39,792 
9.407        27.932 
10.868        35,879 
5.440        16.248 
6.340        20.333 
5.165        14.428 
9.437        23.147 
13.530        34,812 
11.434        32.288 
7.008        22.776 
11.291        30.595 

RS    IN    CHICAGO 

AFTER  I 
Ward. 
1 

IN  1919. 

REVISION 
Men. 
10.519 
16.157 
15.268 
7.997 
9.909 
17.849 
20.112 
10.976 
12.092 
5.661 
.       7,056 
9.654 

AUG.   23. 

Women. 
3.086 
8.628 
10.665 
4.767 
5.264 
12.606 
13.957 
5.992 
6.322 
3,446 
3.928 
5.594 
10.764 
6,990 
6.580 
3,314 
2.280 
4.812 
2.381 
2.360 
5.860 
2.977 
9.335 
6,332 
18.036 
11.280 
13.338 
6.219 
7.892 
5.911 
10.179 
16,386 
13,498 
8,441 
13.242 

Total. 
13,605 
24,785 
25,933 
12,764 
15.173 
30,465 
34,069 
16,968 
18,414 
9.107 
10,984 
15.248 
26,080 
18,110 
19,966 
9.699 
7,142 
15,760 
8,294 
6,964 
17.606 
9.304 
23,682 
17.319 
43,259 
30,936 
40,107 
17.725 
23.124 
15,826 
24.662 
38,120 
35,982 
25.299 
33,233 

2 

15  265 

2  

g 

14  792 

3 

4 

.  .       7.443 
9  220 

4  

5 

5 

5 

17  120 

6  

y 

19  428 

7... 

g 

10  608 

8  

g 

11  097 

9... 

10 

5  359 

10  

jj^ 

6  493 

11  

12 

9  191 

12  

13 

14  520 

13... 

.    15  316 

14 

10  583 

14  

.    11.120 

15 

12  356 

15... 

.    13  376 

16 

..       5.822 
4  332 

16  

6,385 

17 

17  

4  862 

18 

11  077 

18  

.    10  948 

19 

5  506 

19... 

6  913 

20 

4  309 

20  

4.604 

21 

11  237 

21  

11,746 
6,327 

22 

5  979 

22  

23 

13  712 

23  

.    14,247 

24 

10  229 

24... 

.    10  987 

25 

24  019 

25  

.    25.223 

26 

18  525 

26... 

.    19.656 

27 

25  Oil 

27  

.    26.769 

28 

10  808 

28... 

.    11.586 
.    15.232 

29 

13  993 

29  

30 

9  263 

30... 

.       9.915 
.    14,483 

31 

13  710 

31  

32 

21  282 

32... 

.    22,734 

.    22.484 

33 

20  854 

33  

34 

16  768 

34... 

.     16  858 

35  

...     19.304 

35  

.    20.451 

Total    

438.907 

236.102     675.009 
2.873          8,668 
238.975     683.677 

MARCH  15. 

3,463        15.229 
10.273        27.825 
12.529        29.593 
5.168        13,393 
5.744        16.054 
14,384        33.934 
15,669        37.360 
6.881        18:575 
6.830        19.316 
3.811           9.656 
4.092        11.161 
6.154        16,165 
12,060        28,463 
7.882        19.878 
6.991        20,597 
3.520        10,033 
2.397          7,317 
6.085        18,893 
2.638           8,673 
2  498          <7  i  01 

Total   
Cicero    

.  464.392 
6.529 

271.662 
3.851 
275.513 
Aug.    20. 
5.068 

r  OCT.  is. 

3.127 
8.574 
10.441 
4,710 
5,166 
12.169 
13.634 
5,939 
6.257 
3,394 
3,895 
5.530 
10.504 
6,756 
6.459 
3.279 
2.242 
4,709 
2.323 

736.054 
10.380 
746.434 

37.335 

13,634 

24,787 
25,960 
12.845 
15.317 
30,087 
33,668 
17,171 
18,574 
9,213 
11,008 
15,452 
26.104 
18.029 
19,908 
?,784 
,139 
16.065 
8.284 

Cicero    
Grand  total 

AFTER 

1... 
2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7  '  
8  
9  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  

.  .  444,702 
REVISION 

11.766 
,     17.552 
17.064 
8.235 
10.310 
,     19,586 
21.691 
,,,     11.694 
12,486 
5,845 
7.069 
10.011 
16.403 
11,996 
,     13.606 
6.519 
,       4.920 
12.808 
.       6.040 
4  693 

Grand   total.. 
Before 
Total 

.  470.921 
Revision, 
3°  267 

AFTEB 
1  
2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19... 

REVISION 
10.507 
.    16.213 
.    15.519 
.       8,135 
10.161 
.    17.918 
.     20.034 
.     11.232 
.    12.317 
.       5.819 
.       7,113 
9.922 
.     15.600 
,.    11.273 
.    13.449 
..       6.505 
.       4.897 
11,356 
5.961 

21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  
34  
35  

Total    

Grand  total 
Before 
Total   

...     13.108 
6.747 
...    15.390 
11.410 
...     26.948 
20.976 
...    28.106 
12.161 
...     16.144 
10,558 
,    ,     15.331 
23.952 
,     23.259 
17.321 
...    21.517 

,.,  493.222 
6.842 
...  500.064 
Revision, 
...     66.261 

6.962 
3.220 
10.429 
6.894 
20.122 
12.685 
14.617 
6.881 
8.902 
6.538 
11.161 
16.869 
14.591 
9.349 
14.517 

302.755 
4.165 
306.920 
March    11. 
69.871 

20.070 
9,967 
25,819 
18,304 
47.070 
33.661 
42.723 
19.042 
25.046 
17.096 
26.492 
40.821 
37.850 
26.670 
36.034 

795.977 
11.007 
806.984 

136.132 

20  4.809 
21  12.110 
22  6.489 
23  14.478 
24  11.234 
25  24.759 
26  20.058 
27  27.454 
28  11.859 
29  15.606 
30  10.143 
31  14.717 
32  23.424 
33  23.402 
34  17.568 
35  21.086 
Total   473.124 
Cicero  6.798 
Grand   total    .  .  479.9221 
Before  Revision 
Total    35.589 

§.350 
.658 
2.936 
9,065 
6.300 
17.280 
11.351 
13.144 
6.143 
7.894 
5.774 
9  922 
15.'212 
13.365 
8.266 
13.146 
266.904 
3,848 
270,732 
Oct.  U. 
9.539 

7.159 
17,768 
9,425 
23.543 
17,534 
42,039 
31,407 
40,598 
18,002 
23,500 
15.916 
24,639 
38.636 
36.767 
25.834 
34.232 
740.028 
10.648 
750.674 

45.128 

846 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


CHICAGO    PRIMARY    EL] 

VOTE  FOR  MAYOR. 
Democratic. 
Candidates:      Robert    M     Sweitzer.    Thomas 
Carey  and  John  Max  Heidelmeier. 
Sweitzer.             Carey.       Heid'meier. 
Ward.       Men.     Worn.     Men.     Worn.  Men.  Worn. 

ECTION.  FEB.   25,    1919. 

Thompson.            O^son.               Merriam. 
Ward.     Men.     Worn.     Men.    Worn.  Men.  Worn 
35  3538      1930      1475        785        237        91 

Tot.  .81783  42411   52603   31651   10297   7393 
Gr.tot.      124194            84254              17C90 
Plurality     39940 
Socialist. 
John    M.    Collins    had    no    opposition.      He 
received     1.267     votes—  1.001     men    and     206 
women. 

§....            988        492        408        154           7       — 

1514      1050      1343        863        10        1 

4  2340      1575      1465        743        53      15 
5                2305      1314      1650        747        31        3 

6                1495        887        762        332        16        4 

VOTE   FOR    CITY   TREASURER. 
Democratic. 
Men.     Women.     Total. 
Hftnrv  Stuckart                  85  412  41  369   126  771 

7  1900      1123        995        556        22      11 

§1698        846        656        296        30        3 

1623        745        727        324        35        6 

10  1883      1176        531        266        24      10 

Abraham   Salitsky  6.195      2.083        8^278 
Wm.  R.  Strook  4,995      1,899        6.894 
Iff  publican. 
William    Ganschow.  ..  .115,605  55,141   170.746 
(No  opposition.) 
Socialist. 
Robert  Howe  964         268       1220 

11...           1491        740        629        210        38      10 

12                1991      1185        711        229        29      12 

13..        .    3701      2791      1131        588        20      12 

14  2286      1493        718        289        19        8 
15                1812        850        597        153        40      10 

16  1563        779        690        214        25      16 

17                1333        700        340        100        19        1 

18  2467      1063      1844        652        17      12 
19  1929        733        514        115        23        1 

VOTE  FOR   CITY   CLERK. 
Democratic. 
Men.     Women.     Total. 
Jamee    T.    Igoe  90,851  42,848  133,699 
(No  opposition.) 
Republican. 
Walter  O    Davis            115054  64960  170014 

20      .          1828        880        135          41        12        3 

21...       .    1983        827        559        191        11        2 

22  1324        633        416        148        44      13 

23                1299        755        432        180        21        4 

24...      .    2010      1021      1294        666        61      22 

25  2344      1648        768        377        11        8 

27...       .    2100   '     833      1182        306        36      12 

(No  opposition.) 
Socialist. 
Pierce  L.  Anderson....         957         266       1.228 
(No   opposition.) 

VOTE  FOR  MUNICIPAL  COURT  JUDGE. 
(No  woman  vote  for  this  office.) 
Democratic. 
Francis    Borrelli                                                56  844 

28                1537        926        549        154        40        3 

29                1784        941      2773      1093        62      15 

30...       .    1907      1200      1858        900        28      16 

31      .          2001      1601      1682      1132        29        7 

32...       .    2278      1579      1348        594        24        3 

33  1868      1192        651        233        23        3 

34  2455      1238      1184        406        48      15 
36  4389      3311      1966      1132        63      20 

1 

( 
I 

Ca 

Ham 

Ward 
1... 

3'.  '. 
4.  . 
5.   . 
6.   . 

!:•: 

10.   . 
11.  . 
12.   . 
13.   . 
14.   . 
15.   . 
16.   . 
17.  . 
18.   . 
19.   . 
20.  . 
21.   . 
22.   . 
23.   . 
24.  . 
25.  . 
26.   . 
27.   . 

11:: 

30.    . 
31.   . 
32.   . 
33.   . 
34.   . 

"1..  71611   39886  33481   14701   1031   290 
Jr.    t'l      111497               48182            1321 
'lur'lity      63315 
Republican. 
adidates:  William   Hale  Thompson.  Judge 
r    Olson   and    Oapt.    Charles   E.    Merriam. 
Thompson.            Olson.              Merriam. 
Men.    Worn.     Men.    Worn.    Men.  Worn. 
2275        511        290           60          78        32 
7634      4509        902        590        192      127 
3534      2205      1982      1451        477      417 
857        474        314        148           62        18 
1224        695        817        486           64        21 
2763      1400      3542      2301      1172   1150 
3572      22*16      3763      2361      1482   1421 
1879        998      1209        696        232      134 
2122      1021      1243        705        206        90 
925        515           85          34           36        11 
923        542        486        244           72        30 
1046        472        375        155           89        30 
2340      1333      1342        849        293      190 
2203      1448        930        605        178        78 
1926        828      1117        587        139        51 
480        229        278        124           32          5 
592        277        406        143           62        32 
1653        654        893        483        179        84 
668        270        237        138           80        48 
964        427          47           13           17          6 
1945        779      1552        805        290      207 
701        202        398        116          55           8 
2813      1548      2830      1887        372      301 
1394        660        951        630           72        21 
3793      2077      5819      3834        949      710 
3591      1526      3201      1866        501      322 
2933      1558      3452      1743        609      407 
1693        809      1138        700        114        48 
1999      1068      1019        440        177        73 
1572        994        739        440          47        24 
3041      2150      1596      1324        181        92 
4642      2493      3532      2350        698      537 
6232      2621      3416      2021        633      514 
2316        972      1227    '    537        270        63 

James   T.    Devere  19003 

John  A    Ulrica         .    .                                  17  220 

Republican. 
George  B.  Holmes  75100 

Alexander.  Freundlich        .                            28*  673 

Carl  T    Murray                                               17  133 

Socialist. 
Samuel   Block  946 

(No  opposition.) 

VOTE  FOR  ALDERMEN. 
Returns  are  given  only  in  cases  where  there 
were  two  or  more  candidates. 
Democratic. 
Ward.                                           Men.  Woman.  Tot. 
4.  Timothy  A.  Hogan..         1  809  1  287  3  096 

Peter  J    O'Connor             1  188       670  1  853 

William  D.   Scott  857      412   1.269 
Andrew  T    Jones  76         41       117 

5.  Jos.   B.   McDonough  2,956  1.634  4,590 
Paul    Languesch  149         28       177 
Martin   E.  Corcoran  576       254       830 
John    Scheel  71         13         84 

6.  Full  term: 
Joseph    Frank...                .     800      296  1,096 

John  E    Kirby                      1  199       653  <1  852 

7.  Michael  V.  Minehan  2,353  1.262  3.015 
Louis    Johnson                       369       115       484 

9.  John  J.  Leonard  1.239       604   1.843 
Engine  H    Block             ..     879      472   1  351 

George  S.  Brenner  157         44       201 
10.   Frank    Klaus  1209       764   1.973 

Joseph   A    Brabec                   941       514  fl.  455 

Joseph  W.   Nosek  250       156      406 

11.  Edward  F.  Cullerton  1,514       747  2,261 
John    Ruzicka  591       219       810 

12.  Daniel   E.   Froelich  435       150       685 
Anton   J.   Cermak  2.243  1.240  3.483 
13.  Thomas  H.  Ahern  2.840  2.238  5.078 
Jas.    C.    McGloon  1401       823  2224 

Jesse  Prichason  73         24         97 
Arthur  Leonard  273       172      545 

ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


847 


Ward.  Men.  Women 

14.  George  M.  Maypole 2.207  1,414 

James  F.  Joyce 720       295 

17.  Stanley    Adamkiewicz 1.102       607 

Jerry    Kolassa 454       150 

18.  John    J.    Touhy 2,323   1,305 

Charles  Applequist  593       320 

Eugene  F.  Inglis 55 

Geo.  W.  Burgess 60 

19.  John  Powers   1,862 

Daniel  A.  Barone 610 

21.  Dorsey  Crowe  2.049 

John  F.  Bartlett 413 

22.  Rudolph  L.  Sharp 1,121 

Frank  Gardner  574 

23  Jas.  P.  Breoinan 766 

Jas.  Prendergast  896 

24.  Frank  F.  Roeder 1.654 

Joseph  Pionke  1,628 

August  J.  Groja 25 

Joseph  Burkhart  72 

26.  Joseph   Caspers    . 821 


William    Gaughrin 
Frederick  Dunham   . . . 

N.  J.  Werdell   

27.  Arthur  S.   Beaudette.. 
Nicholas   S.    Budzban. 

29.  James  Kovarik    

Michael  F.  Ryan 

Daniel  McFall  

Waclav    Pacholski    ... 

30.  William   J.    Lynch 1,690 

James    Canty    35 

Daniel   O'Hern    29 

107 


34. 


24 
19 
727 
128 
859 
99 
585 
191 
340 
502 
873 
851 
18 
20 
404 
59 
329 
303 
777 
314 
879 
403 
710 
64 
989 
7 
12 
87 

.1,854   1,010 
.1,925   1,494 
..1,720   1,199 
..2.460   1,196 
. .     249         77 
..1.036       333 
..3,552   2,464 
69         21 


108 
,  738 
.  640 
.1.971 
.1,217 
.1.781 
.  827 
.1.718 

259 


William   Hanrahan    . . . 

Thos.  J.   O'Grady 

.James  A.  Long 

Hugh  A.  Donnelly 

Joseph  O.  Kostner — 
Geo.    E.    Sankstone... 

Edward  F.  Jink 

35.  John  S.  Clark 

Joseph  J.  Sheehan 

Chr.  W.  Keane 2,808  2,007 

Republican. 

2.  Louis   B.  Anderson 4,135  2.600 

William  A.   Wallace 519       209 

Oscar    De    Priest 3.883   2,333 

3.  John  H.  Passmore 2.850   1,726 

John  J.  Lupe 2,166   1.654 

Robert  O.   Lee 651       343 

5.  Arthur   E.   Potraz 283       125 

Henry  Langosh    1.342       778 

James   A.    Stokes 337       166 

6.  Full  term: 

Alexander  A.  McCormick. 6.185  3,659 

To  fill  vacancy: 
"^rles   S.  Eaton 3,624  2,551 


.  Tot. 
3,621 
1,015 
1,709 

604 
4.828 

913 

79 

79 

2,589 

733 
2.908 

512 
1.706 

765 

1,106 

1.398 

2.527 

2,479 

43 

92 

1.225 

167 
1,067 

943 
2,748 
1,531 
2,660 
1,230 
2,428 

323 

2.679 

42 

41 

194 
2.864 
3.419 
2.919 
3.656 

326 

1,369 

6.016 

90 

4,815 

6,735 

726 

6.216 

4,576 

3.820 

994 

408 

2,120 

503 

9.844 
6.17! 


875  2.841 
275  1,006 
247  850 
224  625 
400  H.290 
26  110 


n]  Men.  Wometo.  Tot. 

W.   C.   Lombard 297       106       403 

Sidney  J.   Sax 1.016       413  1.428 

Guy   N.   Armstrong 1,927   1,046   2.973 

William   R.    Fetzer 4.933  3.336   8,269 

Morton  McCormac 1,021       643   1,664 

George    W.    Boiling 2.553   1.686  4239 

13.  Peter   H.   Kane 1.857  1.113  2.870 

Samuel    O.    Shaffer 1.974  1.172  3.146 

14.  Edward  J.   Lyons 1.739   1,224   2.963 

Charles   J.   Lucas 1.400       794  2.194 

15.  Louis  B.   Desser 1,916 

Benj.  M.  Ringle 731 

19.  John   Schneider   603 

James  P.  Marzano 401 

20.  William   Melody    .             .     890 
Nathan    V.    Cobb 84 

I.Robert   H.  McCormick... 2.663  1,338  4  OOl 
John   F.   Petars 798       203   1.001 

23.  Thomas   O.   Wallace 3.987  2,559  6.546 

B.  A.  L.  Thomson 528       214       742 

Joseph  F.   Seeber 1,324       663  1,987 

24.  Jamss    Dorner    1.309       758  2.067 

Herman  J.  Koehler 951       377  1,398 

25.  Henry  D.  Capitain 6,398  4,06510464 

John  B.  Fergus 3,740   1,864  5.604 

William  F.  Lipps 3.596  2,025  5.621 

William  H.  Nesbey 3.561  1.574  5.135 

Edward  R.  Armita^e. ..  .3,675  1,525  5.200 
John   Paul    739       226       965 

Frank  Breska  367         88      455 

Wm.  L.  Morgan 2,786  1,439  4.226 

George  Wagner    1,326      553  1.879 

Arthur  T.  Gutgesell 1.340       716  2. 

John  Hrubec   ...> 1,495 

John  Golombowski  1,376 

Mortimer  J.  Kubec 234 

30.  John  Plaehn  891 

John  Burns    1.295 

31.  Scott  M.    Hogan 2.001   1,652  3,653 

Albert  J.  Little 460       281       741 

Harold  Johnson  198         84      282 

A.  L.  Strachan 1.550  1,191   2,741 

William  F.    Smith 131         33       164 

Charles  O.   Anderson 245       113       358 

32.  Albert   L.   Fisher 6,442   3.93010372 

Harry  Bandringa  2,026       890   2.916 

33.  John  P.   Garner 5.420   2,877   8,297 

Albert    E.    Icehy 354       177       531 

Ross   B.   Guthrie 3,059   1,773  4,832 

34.  Jacob    J.    Fink 1.823       829   2.652 

Joseph  Danits  312         85      398 

Henry  Ostrowsky  227 

J.  J.  Mere-nsky  1,136 

35.  Charles  Jahnke   d.824 

Conrad  H.  Janke 1.040 

George   Hansen    540 

Eugene   Fag?n    267 

B.  F.  Muirhy 1,283 


429  1,565, 

760  2,584 

523  1.663 

244  784 

141  408 

823  2,100 


Ward 

Men.  Women. 

Ward. 

1..  . 

8923    2830 

11  

..  13979    8188 

12.... 

o" 

.  14289   10503 

L3... 

4'.! 

,   7660   4617 

14  

5.. 

.   9501    5219 

15  

6.. 

.  16677   11504 

16  

7.. 

.  18952   12981 

17  

8.. 
9.. 

.  10642   5851 
.  11273   5944 

18  
19  

10.. 

.   5458   3413 

20  

CHICAGO   CITY    ELECTION,   APRIL    1,   1919. 

TOTAL  VOTE  BY  WARDS. 


Men. 
6676 
9465 
14895 
10814 
12563 
6085 
4548 

Women. 
3722 
5441 
10729 
6942 
6128 
2954 
2209 

Ward. 
21... 
22... 
23... 
24... 
25.. 
26.. 
°7 

,Men. 
11367 

13707 
10757 
22949 
18890 
25955 

Women. 
5819 
2930 
8817 
6201 
16479 
10767 
12243 

Ward. 
30  
31.... 
32.... 
33  
34  
35.... 

Men.  Women. 
9366    5646 
140"7    9»06 
21273   14104 
21231   12536 
16  74    7HR1 
19886  13209 

11174 
5295 
4243 

5201 
2088 
2281 

28!  1 
29.. 

11201 
14635 

6068 
7490 

T'l. 
Gr.  t 

440069  258851 
1.    698920 

VOTE    FOR    MAYOR    BY     WARDS. 

Nominees:      Robert    M.    Sweitzer,    democrat;  I  labor;       John      Fitzpatrick, 
William  Hale  Thompson,   republican:   John  M.     Hoyne,    independent. 
Collins,     socialist ;     Adolph     S.     Cann,     social  I 

Dem.  Rep.  Soc.  Soc.  Lab. 

Sweitzer.  Thompson.          Collins.  Carm. 

Men.      Worn.        M^n.   Worn.      Men.  Worn.  Men.  Worn. 


labor;       Maclay 


Ward. 

1 4996  1530  2572  897 

2 2128  1195  9598  5971 

3 4063  3103  6132  4228 

4 3431  2354  1748  1102 

5...  3946  2253  2928  1937 


126  46 

305  169 

178  152 

138  44 

164  70 


12 
17 
70 


Labor.  Ind. 

Fitzpatrick.  Hoyne. 

Men.    Worn.  Men.    Worn. 

3  347           67  784         244 
1          368        128  1076        568 

4  675        269  3199      2478 

5  1218        493  963        604 
16       1303        309  1101        563 


848 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Dem. 
Sweitzer. 

Ward.  Men.  Worn. 

6 4976  3303 

7 6343  3654 

8 3452  1971 

2711  1374 

2536  1744 

11 2855  1732 

12 4035  2627 

13 6672  5524 

14 4131  2741 

15 3443  1889 

16 3)118  1755 

17 2247  1201 

18 3819  1764 

19 2957  1300 

20 2279  1285 

21 4815  2224 

22 2470  1347 

23 3950  2534 

24 3814  2436 

25 6580  4858 

26 4947  2947 

§7 6279  2993 

8...      ,  3606  2090 

29...      .  5070  2780 

30 3893  2597 

31...      ,  4603  3548 

32 5666  3967 

33 4828  3144 

34 5526  3089 

35 _. 7806_  6063 

Total 146990  91216 

Grand  total  238206 


Rep.       Soc.    Soc.  Lab. 
Thompson.    Collins.     Carm. 
Men.  Worn.  Men.  Worn.  Men.  Worn. 


5439   3379   278   194 
7046   4731   288   275 


22 
24 

98  37 
57 
26 
20 
59 

4535   3235   431   226   30 
4189   2937   260   135    14 
2190  1370   810   116 
25 
6 

27 

1122  435  139  65  22 
1279  684  162  74  12 
40 
64 

5614  3605  520  355  29 
3737  2287  605  300 
8297  5494  289  277 
8322  4793  732  445 
10051  5182  1217  639 
3916  2340  528  246 
4552  2641  443  267 
133 


3819  2366   167 

4456  2732  1275  521 

1579  936   379  252 

2059  1289   296  137 

2315  1277  538  292 

00« 


JO 

1165  619  135  62 

1161  569  82  33 

3178  1592  314  148 


3518   1709   328   123 
2068   9.91   492   192 


3093  2187  133  76 

5687  4321  285  187 

9158  6117  370  295 

10224  632-1  774  434 

5143  2520  1290  578 

7391  4893  531  300 


54 
17 
61 
85 
38 
29 
15 
34 
28 
71 
90 
32 


7 
20 

*§ 

19 
7 

26 

15 

10 

43 

4 

6 

9 

14 

5 

10 

39 

18 

19 

12 

18 

34 

18 

19 

5 

18 

11 

20 

40 

25 


Labor. 
Fitzpatrick. 
Men.  Worn. 

618    296 
1147 
1636 

960 

416 

773 
126il 
1230 
1075 
1725 

936 

500 

964 

306 

250 

941 

535 
1057 
1185 

803 
1831 
3259 
1785 
269« 
1374 
1572 
1870 
2311 
1863 
1822 


273 
430 
239 
164 
226 
468 
416 
407 
507 
257 
149 
239 
03 
90 
218 
141 
347 
354 
341 
593 
993 
569 
797 
400 
572 
560 
743 
558 
600 


Ind. 
Hoyne. 
Men.  Worn. 
6193   4177 
4888   3868 
1328    693 
1711 

446 

614 
1166 

1925   1243 
1036 
1453 

617 

486 

6 


932 
280 
264 
662 


2153 
2186 


161321  9850715562  8517  1298   550  42614  13376 
259828      24079      1848      55990 

VOTE  FOR  MAYOR  BY  PRECINCTS. 


67837  43064 
110851 


I. 

Dem.   Rep.    Ind. 

Sweitier.   Thompson.    Flojne. 

Pet.   M.  W.  M.  W.  M.  W 

Pet 

Dem.  'Rep.  '  Ind. 

Sw«U»r.   Thompson.   Hoyne. 

M   W  M   W.  M.  W. 

Pet. 
46.. 

1....143  25  58  12  42   6 
2.  ...115   6  59   3  25   1 

1. 

• 

.  77  39  44  30  36  25 
.  62  45  49  30  37  32 

47. 
48.. 

3  182  —  20  —   7  — 

3*. 

.  61  38  52  30  29  20 

49.. 

4   247   1  23  —  13  — 

"  4. 

6   7112  44   2   2 

50. 

5   111  19  33   6  12  — 

5. 

.  35  21  153  58   9   4 

51. 

6.  ...168  15  40   1  21   — 
7...  .132  12  51   9  48   6 

6. 

7. 

.  11   1162160  —  — 
.  23   9  167  73   9   1 

11: 

8.  ...169  18  20   2  33   3 
9....  72  19  25   7  34   6 
10....  230   9  29   1  22  10 
11    90   7  49   6   6   

8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 

,   4   4  133  101   —  — 
.  56  20  84  58  18   5 
.  15   2  179  106   7   2 
10   1  156  61   8   2 

54. 

55. 
56. 
57. 

12.'!1'.166  37  91  16  11   7 
13..  ..117  20  69  29   9   1 
14....  70  14  70  24  17   1 
15.  ...128  39  56  11  28  11 
16....  89  28108  30   3   2 
17....  94  35  47  11   1   — 
18....  158  25100  23  25   2 
19....  123  56  51  17  35  10 
20..  ..109  34  18   7  14   2 
21....  94  65  89  32  42  21 
22....  79  27  32  18   6   1 
23....  175  53  94  33   8   3 
24....  155  67  35   4  10   2 
25....  102  51  24  17  14   3 
26....  87  28  41  17  28  10 
27.  ...139  49  54  28  29  12 
28....  83  37  93  64   4  - 
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ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


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350 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


Sweltxer.   Thompeon.    Hojne 

VIII. 

8»elt«er.   Thompeon.    Hojnr. 

Pet 

M.   W.  M.  W.  M.  W. 

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107  97  12   3 


70  64  75  44  11 
87  66  65  32  3] 


25 
16 


51  38  21 
40  19  34  20 


XVII. 

134  68  26  18  2 

97  36  27  17 

89  65  57  32 

84  43  61  50 

114  91  44  15 

95  68  39  19  23   7 

60  34  36  14  36  23 

9  54  30  8  13   4 
37  19 

1 

19 

58 


JO  20 
U  14 


121 
96  55  43 


27 

18  23 
33  11 


3 
4 
2 

22  11 
20  13 

46  20  22   5 
60  23  17   9 

I?  = 

xvm. 

§ 

76  17  45  4 

62  28  54  17 

12  37  13  35  IP 

49  27  62  34  13  8 

50  26  50  46  30  22 
38  15  66  48  33  5 
29  10  98  93  7Q  24 
61  24  62  22  145  83 
82  28  61  13  48  15 
59  15  67  20  38  13 


101  —  80 
104  —  41 
35 


II 


Pet. 

13.. 

14. 

15.. 

16.. 

il:: 

19.. 

20. 

21.. 

22. 

23.. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28.. 

29. 

30.. 

31.. 

32.. 

33. 

34. 


37.. 
38. 
39. 
40.. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
51. 
62. 
53. 
54. 
55. 
56. 
57. 
58. 
59. 
60. 
61. 
62. 

1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 


Bwdtrer.        Thompe  n. 

M.  W.  M.  W. 

68  21  29  6 

120  18  76  18 

144  22  57  8 

142  9  41  3 

72  15  70  13 

81  38  20  11 

95  38  29  14 

7 
7 


82 


J5  „„ 

65  36  _. 

69  30  19 

144  29  39 

81  27  2 

72  33  5_  _„ 

49  35  33  18 

69  49 


28  11 
51  26 


71  43 

62  22 

63  24  56  23 
53  28  56  47 

57  20  53  17 

61  19  76  25 
53  34  58  36 
46  37  36  12 

58  32  48  26 
53  21  77  41 
46  55  54  25 
58  41  43  27 
44  34  43  17 

62  31  55  34 
40  34  59  51 
51  26  54  28 
36  21  56  20 


47 
31 


7  71  47 

21  54  25 

21  39  28 

23  60 


41  20 
56  34 


48  53  33 
41  42 


62 

49  41  42  33 

72  60  49  33 

84  68  44  28 
59 


72  4 


45 


57  38  46  21 

33  38  15  11 

69  63  61  30 

78  47  46  15 

36  20  45  29 

27  18  63  43 

39  37  73  64 

59  26  58  47 

50  44  62  33 

29  24  51  36 

49  24  55  37 

XIX. 

74  25  29  15 

100  43  34  14 

89  21  35  12 

110  22  46  14 


94  31  27 

120  58 

106  70  ~. 

158  22  95  18 
44  18 
27  13 


_.  18 
38  15 
27 


X4JO 

43 
123 


1 
4 

86  36  34  21 

166102  23  9 

117  27  27  12 

103  23  24  10 

91  40  22  14 
113  43  24 
130  49  36 

103  94  11 

109  67  17 

92  54  39 
128  69  33  _ 
132  76  58  12 

104  44.  60  13 
63  29  83  31 
74  31  69  29 
95  46  25  7 

110  54  30  20 
,  63  39  64  39 
,  61  26  41  11 

XX. 

132  44  37  11 

65  45  30  10 

80  39  76  42 


7 
5 
7 
5 

13 
23 


It  ± 


Pet 
4., 
5., 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18.. 

19., 

20. 

21. 

23'.' 

1.. 

2.. 

3.. 

4.. 

5.. 

6.. 

7.. 

8. 

9.. 
10., 
11. 
12., 
13.. 
14. 
15., 
16., 
17., 
18., 
19.. 
20., 
21., 
22., 
23.. 
24.. 
25. 
26., 
27., 
28., 
29. 
30., 
31. 
32., 
33. 
34., 
35. 
36. 
37.. 
38.. 
39.. 

to., 
u.. 

42.. 
13.. 
44.. 
45.. 
46., 
i7.. 
48.. 
49.. 
50., 
51.. 
52.. 
53.. 
54.. 
55.. 
56.. 
57.. 
58.. 
59.. 
60.. 

1.. 

2.. 


30 


J3  22 
16  25 


Thompson. 

M.  W.  M.  W 

68  34  102  66 
102  60  81  36 

55  33  101  61 

94  63  88  55 

92  36  47  23 

71  36  75  42 
94  79  36  24 

72  47  38  16 

130  83  20 
67  45  62 

118  68  29  18 

158112  38  18 

102  41  71  41 

109  58 

124  91 

131  72  34  13 

132  71  40  8 

125  54  42  31 

93  44  63  42 
67  40  100  42 

XXI. 

70  47  63  42 
63  49  102  53 
43  31  69  24 
87  47  104  62 

53  7  62  10 

76  49  69  33 

77  64  82  41 

72  60  91  58 

69  41  70  41 
65  49  66  40 
74  42  97  47 
67  42  53  25 

71  35  74  50 

51  35  80  38 
49  25  73  36 
74  57  79  37 

73  47  78  35 

54  36  37 
81  60  31 
71  4( 

57  5( 

79  65  27  19 

65  48  34  31 

76  73  51  34 
63  51  48  24 

80  70  42  29 
60  61  81  42 

52  51  57  23 
96  42  60  28 
73  47  58  28 

66  39  51  31 

70  43  78  29 

77  34  40  15 
40  36  50  10 
84  44  58  27 

63  24  63  52 
87  36  80  43 

64  44  60  46 

76  51  46  15 
89  30  36  8 
96  52  55  24 

195  74  59  28 

73  35  49  27 

77  37  59  29 

81  34  59  47 
73  69  46  26 
86  65  47  29 

94  64  45  19 
59  21  27  9 
96  20  30  14 
91  16  56  21 
52  8  26  5 
93  43  52  24 

126  35  62  26 
76  37  59  12 

110  28  51  13 
102  30  94  25 
110  29  73  17 
160  25  79  19 
108  11  41  8 

XXII. 

93  43  51  21 

93  58  62  35 


20 
44  28 
23  13 


Borne. 

M  W 

9  7 

9  6 

3  2 

5  4 

11  0 

2  — 


—  1 

19  2 

6  4 

11  15 


6  2 

14  8 

10  3 

6  1 

69  48 

32  26 
24  18 

14  11 

24  15 
29  20 

9  6 

37  24 

33  16 
42  14 
17  6 

16  10 

8  3 

15  4 

20  13 

25  19 

70  33 

41  12 
47  34 

42  29 
41  53 
61  32 

31  30 

38  35 

26  18 
52  51 
52  44 

37  48 

28  14 
25  13 

33  21 

34  14 
19  9 

9  6 

23  2 

12  O 

5  2 

21  27 

38  9 

35  17 
19  5 
23  17 
25  10 

32  15 
31  24 
60  28 

29  17 
15  3 

7  1 

17  1 
28  4 
59  29 
37  9 


11 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


853 


Smitxer.   Thompson. 

Hojne. 

Sweitxer.    Thompson. 

Horn*. 

Sweitxr-.    Thoirpso-.    HOT-  . 

Pet. 

M. 

W.  M. 

W. 

M.  W 

Pet. 

M 

W.  M. 

W. 

M.  W. 

Pot. 

M.   W  M.  W  M.'W. 

3... 

.  64 

oo  60 

17 

17   9 

63... 

.  63 

32  57 

36 

61  63 

13.. 

.  45  35  88  69  34  20 

4... 

.  25 

23106 

65 

16  18 

54... 

.  55 

30  66 

30 

32  24 

14.. 

.  68  38  111  67  75  64 

6... 

.  39 

23  77 

47 

18   6 

55... 

.  44 

33  87 

61 

49  40 

15... 

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?... 

.  64 

32  97 

59 

21   7 

56... 

.  51 

40  81 

46 

30  17 

16... 

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... 

.  61 

22  86 

40 

15  13 

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41  59 

42 

22  18 

17... 

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8... 

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28  77 

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18... 

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9... 

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29  64 

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59... 

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31  57 

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41  22 

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10... 

.  62 

42  62 

26 

17  11 

60... 

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45  70 

51 

19  10 

20... 

.  68  48  79  40  74  55 

11... 

.136 

71  79 

41 

10   5 

61... 

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62  74 

47 

8   4 

21... 

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.  57 

30105 

43 

11   8 

62... 

.  99 

46  75 

49 

15   4 

.  90  56  57  37  99  81 

13!!! 

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125  51 

22 

9   2 

63... 

.  73 

40  66 

36 

19  33 

23'.: 

.  60  65  84  71  78  76 

14... 

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69  40 

34 

12   6 

64... 

.  69 

43  60 

44 

31  14 

24.. 

.  62  57  46  25  63  54 

15... 

.  78 

72  65 

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65... 

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30  99 

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25... 

.  47  46  43  57  46  62 

16... 

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26 

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66... 

.  68 

58  81 

68 

18   7 

26... 

.  59  47  49  66  40  23 

17... 
18... 

.  91 
75 

55  43 
25  43 

20 
32 

16   6 

27  10 

67... 
68... 

.  67 
.  45 

46  88 
12  64 

55 
39 

22  14 
19  22 

27... 
28.. 

.  66  47  47  44  59  40 
.  70  60  70  49  88  60 

19... 

20... 

82 
58 

72  55 
29  69 

37 

11   2 
23   3 

69... 
70... 

.  55 
.  39 

48  89 
28  39 

43 
32 

36  30 
42  41 

30" 
oU  .  . 

.  56  31  66  33  101  83 
.  52  32  85  68117  82 

21... 

70 

48  63 

31 

14  12 

71... 

75 

58  86 

48 

17   9 

31. 

.  54  40  71  54  78  59 

22... 
23... 
24... 

56 
41 
102 
67 

26  55 
21  68 
42  25 
17  46 

ig 

7 
24 

27   6 
13   1 
2   1 
22   6 

1... 

2... 

.  48 

.  47 

XXIV 
33  91 
37  82 

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55 

37  17 
16   8 

32  .  . 
33.  . 
34.  . 
35.  . 

.  35  19  62  27  49  42 
.  61  26  65  46  74  51 
.  50  32  68  42  82  66 
.  44  28  69  45  61  51 

26.  .  . 

28'.:: 

55 

28  74 
25  62 
9  60 

19 
25 
15 

14   2 
49  11 
29  10 

3... 
4... 
5... 

.  77 
.  85 
.  58 

54  54 
53  65 
31  105 

34 
33 
56 

13   6 
12  10 
14   4 

36.  . 
37.  . 

38.  . 

.  51  37  79  50  72  55 
.  48  42  44  34  64  46 
33  37  54  44  49  45 

29... 

65 

45  34 

16 

16   7 

6.  .. 

.  72 

48  67 

41 

20   7 

39... 

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30... 

62 

29  45 

24   2 

7.  .. 

.  42 

25  79 

49 

28  16 

40... 

.  65  33  88  38  66  52 

31... 
32... 
33... 

87 
66 
92 

22  70 
35  58 
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24 
8 

10   5 

16   4 
11   2 

8... 
9... 
10... 

.  46 
.  73 

77 

21  74 
40  73 
40  99 

50 
51 
65 

33  20 
14  12 
19  15 

41... 
42... 
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.  50  34  96  40  46  62 
100  62  76  66  82  63 
66  43  63  26  77  37 

34... 

66 

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10   2 

11... 

55 

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56 

20  21 

44... 

42  40  62  38  68  60 

12... 

60 

29  97 

58 

32  22 

45..  . 

66  31  76  46  63  42 

XXIII. 

13... 

77 

41  114 

72 

22   7 

39  30  64  36  83  59 

1... 

.  61 

54  71 

40 

49  46 

14... 

50 

20  113 

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19   6 

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88  59  70  34  112  65 

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62  34  72  45  105  68 

.  45 

42  78 

68 

49  53 

16... 

61 

31  98 

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4   1 

49... 

63  43  68  50  68  62 

4... 

.  68 

44  93 

48 

45  23 

17... 

63 

38  138 

81 

14   8 

50 

t7  36  95  67  70  53 

6... 

.  64 

29  98 

51 

53  31 

18... 

55 

23  92 

41 

17   4 

51... 

5  31  113  68  77  53 

6... 

.  37 

29  66 

41 

39  35 

19... 

59 

20130 

78 

13  14 

52... 

66  45  113  75  61  38 

7... 

.  90 

51  120 

85 

64  45 

20... 

69 

49  151 

89 

29  15 

53::. 

46  33  92  69  63  41 

8... 

.  41 

23  96 

49 

32  20 

21... 

96 

68  71 

42 

18  11 

54... 

56  37  97  74  52  47 

9... 

.  53 

24  117 

65 

39  21 

22.  .. 

69 

50  63 

40 

22  10 

55... 

59  55  69  51  67  61 

10... 

.  41 

8  64 

44 

37  17 

23... 

68 

59  71 

32 

20   8 

56  . 

64  33  62  29  76  52 

11... 

.  26 

18  72 

34 

25   9 

24... 

89 

41  53 

28 

32  25 

57... 

49  44  81  50  85  56 

12... 

.  33 

11  80 

41 

30   4 

25... 

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112  38 

29 

27  10 

58... 

52  40  67  47  53  43 

13... 

.  41 

14  89 

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24  22 

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51  35  70  49  28  32 

14... 

.  84 

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36  29 

27... 

110 

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60... 

66  36  122  85  47  34 

15... 

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29  85 

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128 

104  36 

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79 

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.  56 

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57  64  71  58  101  80 

19... 
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22... 
23... 
24... 
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38  112 
22  77 
25  106 
25  80 
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63  69 
25  75 
22  84 
61  87 
54  72 
32  61 
39  85 
47  73 
66  74 
35  64 
61  49 
41  64 
49  65 
25  87 
26  76 
38  126 

72 
65 
73 
46 
52 
47 
57 
78 
65 
53 
51 
50 
59 
53 
50 
43 
27 
37 
43 
46 
79 

48  33 
48  25 
41  21 
32  18 
68  43 
34  28 
29  24 
34  19 
38  38 
26  34 
46  43 
35  27 
63  55 
53  61 
58  55 
81  77 
65  36 
42  34 
21  12 
25  22 
38  28 

32::.' 
33... 
34... 
35... 
36... 
37... 
38... 
39... 
40... 
41... 
42... 
43... 
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66  55 
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52  59 
65  73 
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30 
70 
28 
30 
20 
20 
20 
36 
28 
33 
30 
39 
58 
45 
41 
33 
36 
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70 
44 

17  19 
19  20 
53  40 
41  20 
27  14 
20   9 
66  56 
46  30 
41  27 
18   8 
41  34 
28  11 
9   9 
6   9 
19  11 
23  11 
17   8 
17   9 
6   8 
12   5 

65... 
66... 
37... 

70::: 

71... 
72... 
73... 
74... 
75... 
76... 
77... 
78... 
79... 
80... 
81... 
82... 
83... 
84... 
85... 

60  56  63  49  60  69 
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.  43  41  43  30  63  46 
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t2  41  90  51  42  33 
2  58  91  60  62  60 
.  58  45  93  71  49  41 
.  52  43  112  87  61  48 
.  49  34  80  78  46  SO 
.  60  39  69  39  59  40 
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.  72  65  53  30  52  47 
.  64  32  112  54  40  32 
.  85  72  59  33  45  46 
70  40  73  42  64  39 
54  62  71  58  45  38 
58  47  70  39  63  48 
115  97  71  51  45  39 

40... 

:  53 

30  74 

46 

26  16 

XXV. 

86... 

98  87  45  36  35  35 

41... 

.  55 

36  70 

49 

25  18 

1... 

61 

44125 

84 

49  43 

87... 

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42 

45 

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69 

15  11 

2 

51 

34  101 

73 

46  19 

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89  93  49  43  63  47 

43!" 

45 

31  91 

62 

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49 

28  112 

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.  83  49  81  41  40  35 

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65  68  63  43  56  35 

45... 

65 

27  81 

49 

24  16 

5... 

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65 

27  13 

91... 

89  54  63  37  57  40 

46... 

72 

51  74 

tl 

20  16 

6... 

62 

31  112 

69 

34  16 

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68  33  71  39  87  76 

47... 

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22  71 

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o 

26  16 

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37  16  49  41  92  79 

48... 

43 

29  56 

44 

33  17 

8... 

62 

45  72 

40 

60  42 

94... 

74  57  44  31  64  67 

49... 

41 

25  69 

41 

22  13 

9... 

50 

38  78 

56 

42  33 

95... 

38  32  63  41  47  50 

60... 

43 

33  100 

79 

34  35 

10... 

30 

19  88 

65 

27  14 

96.... 

58  51  57  32  68  68 

61... 

68 

35  76 

60 

44  46 

11... 

49 

47  74 

42 

§3  17 

97... 

28  23  62  48  63  45 

52... 

70 

47  60 

34 

52  68 

12... 

38 

31  98 

54 

2  26  98  ... 

46  34  57  37  57  61 

854 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Pet. 

Sweitrer.   Thorn 
M.   W.  M. 

p»«n. 

W 

Hoyne. 

M  W. 

Pet. 

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ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


865 


Swettier.   Thompson.    Hojne. 

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19  60  44103101  33  29 

28  

96  65  60  45  19  14 

53...  46  24100  64  14   5 

20....  61  35  77  72  52  47 

29... 

73  44  59  30  15  11 

54...  77  62  95  58  24   8 

21....  41  45  65  56  22  19 

30.... 

80  51  48  40  16   9 

55...  74  52  92  84   5   4 

22  59  24  86  55  25  15 

31.... 

64  45  63  39   8   8 

56...  78  73  57  50  11   6 

23.  ..  45  17  70  52  24  13 

32  

78  47  65  48  17  10 

57...  85  62  72  75  26  10 

24  77  63  62  47  27  14 

33.... 

93  57105  60  24  14 

58...  88  63  72  45  15   1 

25  60  53  57  52  30   9 

34.  .. 

71  42  72  45  30  16 

59...  79  29  74  30  21   6 

26  64  47  89  79  12  10 

35.... 

93  58  74  35  17  12 

60...  60  45  87  57  23   7 
61...  66  30  68  37  18   8 

27....  70  40  49  36  24  14 
28....  55  41  66  52  39  26 

36.... 
37.... 

65  35  68  40  20  16 
56  40  69  30  13   6 

62...  57  28  63  46  17   6 

29....  60  58  43  31  26  20 

38.... 

40  27  100  33  27  16 

63...  107  79  99  53  38  21 

30....  96  87  68  39  33  20 

39.... 

45  23  75  49  32  24 

64...  79  38  47  29  28  10 

31.  ...106  94  31  31  31  16 

40.... 

39  39  106  82  32  23 

65....  44  36  74  42  14   4 
66....  36  12  56  19  24  17 

32.  ...100  103  46  37  19  15 
33....  96  110  39  27  24  18 

41.... 

42  

54  45  87  56  31  10 
44  36  66  55  —  — 

556 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Pet. 

Sweitier.   Thompson.    Hoyne. 

M.  W.  M.  W.  M.  W. 

.Pet. 

Sweitzer.   Thompson.    Hojne. 

M.   W.  M.  W.  M.  W. 

XXXIV. 

43... 

44... 
45.. 
46... 

.23   9  78  58  35  36 
.  36  20  66  51  52  34 
.  23  15  78  48  42  5'2 
.  27  19  80  67  43  48 

13... 
14... 
15.... 
16... 

46  29  76  42  28  24 
33  22  116  64  42  19 
38  2(1  133  65  34  17 
32  27  120  78  36  16 

Sweitzer.   Thompson.    Hojn* 

Pet.   M   W.  M.  W.  M  W 
1....105  47  77  53  22*   8 
2.  ...115  65  68  35  27  15 

47... 

.  33  23  67  57  35  33 

17... 

42  29  134  89  42  27 

3  71  38104  78  13   7 

48... 
49... 

.  54  40  73  52  33  29 

.  84  22  77  68  48  39 

18.... 
19.... 

40  22  137  .  87  31  14 
38  12113  63  27  12 

4.  ...117  84  44  16  27  14 
5.  ...102  75  39  23  18  10 

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•  20.... 
21..., 

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34  20124  95  33  15 

6  89  63  47  24  60  16 
7....  78  33  49  25  26  10 

52.'.'.' 
53... 
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65... 
56... 

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60... 
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.  75  54  85  94  54  28 
.35  18  82  61  38  36 
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.  78  84  48  40  31  26 
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.  42  36  97  72  33  25 
.  54  40  79  74  24  24 
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31  16  128  85  26   8 
35  19  134  86  27  14 
28  17108  71  30  10 
34  19  205  135  22   7 
46  20  169  99  32  14 
49  39  61  34  26   8 
65  31  75  41  20   9 
61  28  98  44  18 
52  33  88  50   9   6 
74  36  92  48  21   6 
62  43  98  45  14   3 
67  31  115  74  14   9 
50  29  97  51  31   9 
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45  22123  48  23   9 

8  79  48  55  24  29  11 
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12....  69  39  75  40  34  13 
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14....  46  27  91  36  48  30 
15....  35  16  57  16  33  17 
16....  32  24  59  10  32  12 
17....  33  21  85  30  42  27 
18....  33  13  65  32  18  16 
19....  30  13  101  39  31  13 
20....  88  42  99  49  28  11 
21....  58  22  79  19  17  12 
22....  95  30  67  14  19   6 
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38.... 
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34....  44  34  62  16  18  9 
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31  26  58  57  52  34 
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53.... 
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70.... 
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34  39  82  52  29  32 
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59.  ...108  56  46  30  12  8 
60....  77  50  64  41  37  17 
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105.. 

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62.  ...109  66  48  31  43  20 

106.. 

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108.. 

22   5  37  27   8   5 

78.... 

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18   9  64  47  58  61 

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110.. 

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82.... 
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96  12  75  63  31  26 
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69....  71  40  61  37  29  16 

70....  78  52  34  25  28  18 

1.... 

XXXIII. 
56  26  94  80  30  17 

84.... 
85.... 
86.... 

48  44  72.  45  31  22 
62  60  80  61  41  27 
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73.  ...118  57  53  19  27  18 

2.... 

49  31  110  81  33  20 

87.... 

30  18  93  61  53  54 

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3  

37  19119  77  17  21 

88.... 

77  63  80  73  41  38 

75....  78  25127  63  25  10 

4..  .. 

35  201119  73  49  17 

89.... 

60  70  08  31  44  23 

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fi.... 

60  39  127  96  32  18 

90.... 

62  48  61  49  46  30 

77.  ...104  44  47  20  34   9 

6.  .  .. 
7.... 
8.... 
0.... 
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I!:::: 

47  31  70  49  28  18 
33  22  107  58  36  18 
40  31  117  72  14  14 
55  24  135  64  32  27 
44  29  133  104  37  23 
37  26104  49  32  17 
63  39  86  67  40  19 

91.... 
92.... 
93.... 
94.... 
95.... 
96.... 
97.... 

53  60  80  95  29  36 
47  38  77  71  35  40 
47  25  122  66  21   9 
59  41  76  22  35  10 
30  26  62  37  17   7 
26  21  125  71  34  13 
48  32  102  53  16   8 

XXXV. 

1....  44  36123  58  25  10 
2....  59  30  79  48  32  14 
3....  58  35  59  43  22  13 
4....  73  43  79  46  31  14 
6....  33  19101  66  29  10 
6....  40  29  82  34  22  12 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


857 


8w«l 

tier.   Thou 

p«on.    He 

n»«. 

Sweitifr. 

Thompson. 

Flo 

8w«itier.   Thompson.    Horn'1 

Pet. 

M. 

W.  M. 

W.  M. 

W. 

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.111  95  69  46  29  Ifc 

VOTE  FOR  ( 
Nominees  :  James  T.  Igroe,  democrat  :  Wal- 
ter G.  Davis,  republican;  Pierce  L.  Ander- 
Dem. 
Isroe.        r 

3ITY  CLERK, 
son.  socialist;  John 
Kikulski.  labor. 
Rep.        Soc. 
avis.     Anderson. 

Orth,  social  labor;  John 

Soc.  Lab.    Labor. 
Orth.     Kikulski. 

Ward. 

Men. 

Worn. 

Men 

.  Worn. 

Men.  ^ 

tVom. 

Men. 

Worn 

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70 

67 

685 

277 

6272 

3110 

847£ 

4582 

1147 

554 

155 

58 

1606 

485 

27  

7887 

3015 

99  0£ 

4925 

1978 

837 

227 

105 

3128 

911 

28... 

4046 

1931 

3826 

2177 

680 

256 

66 

34 

1534 

478 

29  

5644 

2635 

4176   2231 

632 

263 

78 

41 

2392 

658 

30 

4089 

°368 

28°c 

1889 

135 

57 

30 

Q 

1097 

268 

31... 

5568 

3542 

5555 

4003 

389 

185 

59 

26 

1198 

302 

32 

7380 

4387 

10061 

6360 

581 

37° 

146 

55 

1436 

413 

33 

5957 

3308 

10357 

6089 

1093 

509 

1°7 

66 

2063 

610 

34... 

6579 

2871 

4771 

2236 

1533 

580 

153 

82 

1364 

377 

35. 

9°47 

6297 

7031 

4371 

759 

337 

71 

40 

1385 

391 

Total    171911   02537 


Grand  total 


264448 


165690  96352  20817    9378  2410   1211  35675     10339 

OROAXO  5*niQ£L  1R91  Aftfn  A. 


30195 


3621 


46014 


VOTE    FOR    CITY    TREASURER. 

Nominees:     Henry  Stuckart.   democrat;   Wil-  |  socialist;  Percy  McGibbon,   social  labor;  Knut 
liam  Ganschow,  republican;   Robert   H.  Hove,  J  G.  Torkelson.  labor. 


Dem. 
Stuckart. 
Ward  Men.    Worn. 

1 5238      1507 

2 2550      1259 

3 5773      3587 


Rep.  Soc.             Soc.  Lab.           Labor. 

Ganschow.  Howe.         McGibbon.        Torkelson. 

Men.      Worn.  Men.  Worn.    Men.  Worn.  Men.      Worn 

2463        839  119        36       16           6        259            48 

8895      4818  196        96       23        10        282            85 

6469     4434  206      148       50        20        611         15* 


858 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Dem. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Soc.  Lab. 

Labor. 

Stu 

ckart. 

Gan: 

schow. 

Ho 

we. 

McG 

Gibbon 

Tort 

celson. 

Ward. 

Men. 

Worn. 

Men. 

Worn 

.  Men. 

Worn. 

Men, 

Wort 

L.  Men. 

Worn. 

4 

4259 

2640 

1518 

847 

133 

43 

41 

6 

915 

336 

5  

5122 

2484 

2568 

1585 

193 

57 

38 

20 

893 

188 

6  

7538 

4460 

6791 

4237 

274 

226 

43 

35 

480 

223 

7... 

7811 

4612 

8202 

5344 

435 

329 

65 

52 

913 

282 

S  

4161 

2057 

3597 

2099 

297 

112 

36 

11 

1289 

259 

9  

3362 

1559 

4065 

2347 

1787 

660 

81 

25 

703 

141 

10  

2663 

1561 

1427 

751 

406 

240 

39 

41 

274 

89 

11  

3102 

1608 

1851 

1051 

335 

128 

39 

17 

611 

149 

12  

4606 

2553 

2296 

1137 

,  652 

301 

89 

41 

832 

263 

13  

7007 

5102 

5197 

3381 

550 

258 

54 

35 

864 

288 

14  
15  

4257 
3620 

2581 
1663 

4526 

4825 

2785 
2344 

287 
1638 

148 
866 

32 
159 

17 
70 

878 
1328 

306 
341 

18  

3022 

1427 

1235 

534 

151 

75 

31 

11 

741 

192 

17.... 

2225 

1017 

1281 

527 

94 

35 

36 

11 

361 

18  

4431 

1782 

3772 

1618 

372 

174 

80 

28 

725 

17S 

19... 

2998 

1214 

1119 

409 

162 

60 

17 

15 

191 

48 

20....  

2315 

1218 

1116 

593 

183 

62 

2° 

180 

63 

21.... 

5460 

2464 

3821 

1761 

408 

130 

63 

22 

657 

129 

22  

2631 

1277 

1910 

844 

622 

218 

50 

28 

400 

82 

23.... 

490'5 

2810 

6144 

3882 

729 

392 

62 

39 

966 

286 

24  
25  

4484 
9713 

2429 
6238 

3467 
10590 

2046 
6882 

799 
424 

344 
369 

76 
86 

18 

891 
685 

SB 

26  

6739 

3449 

8370 

4578 

978 

504 

117 

54 

1612 

485 

27... 

8287 

10382 

5040 

1781 

811 

168 

74 

2848 

804 

28... 

.   4037 

1992 

4108 

2265 

611 

262 

71 

28 

1413 

423 

29... 

6606 

2970 

3865 

2169 

576 

250 

53 

33 

2084 

507 

30 

4332 

2501 

2831 

1840 

126 

60 

40 

13 

955 

233 

si::: 

..  .    6262 

3752 
4921 

5130 
9345 

3803 
60°8 

349 
512 

179 
355 

45 
136 

32 
42 

1176 
1453 

319 
434 

32 

8309 

33  

6052 

3412 

10586 

6172 

976 

496 

111 

62 

2162 

648 

34  

6758 

3027 

4849 

2232 

1507 

594 

152 

70 

1313 

324 

35  

8824 

6113 

7630 

4551 

695 

311 

57 

46 

1416 

412 

Total  

179459 

96468 

166219 

95773 

1956^ 

9329 

2278 

1124 

33260 

9330 

Grand  total  

275927 

261992 

28S92 

3402 

42590 

VOTE  FOR  SUPERIOR  COURT  JUDGE. 
Nomine**:  John  M..  CCConnor.  democrat: 
Henry  A.  Lewis,  republican?  Seymour  Stedman, 
socialist;  William  E.  Rodriguez,  labor. 
Ward.           Dem.   Rep.   Soc.   Lab. 

VOTE  FOR  MUNICIPAL  COURT  JUDGE. 
Nominees:  Francis  Borelli,  democrat;  George 
B.  Holmes.  rep"Mio->n:  ^"muel  Block,  socialist: 
Morris  N.  Friedland.  labor. 
Ward.           Dem.   Rep.   Soc.   Lab. 
1  5115   2648    215   333 



5  
6  

I  

10  

|!§ 

6021   0410   299   484 
371$   1540   209  1011 
4331   2774   266   965 
6180   7789   452   408 
6602   S081   692   826 
3769   3?736   451  1349 
2805   4021  2353   717 
2467   1437   475   275 
2913"   1766   403   675 
4245   2221   791   839 
6817   4997   721   936 

2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7 
8.... 
9  
10  
11  
12  
13 

2269   9011   417   470 
4603   7635   424   746 
3798   1660   287   1089 
4516   2802   358  1093 
5020   9434   552   770 
5894   10580   687   1150 
3600   4095   537  1542 
2945   4548   2227   928 
2469    1436   614   405 
3012   1980   513   762 
4254   2445  (1060   1116 
6836   5353   88°  1138 

|:E 

ji  

19  

11  

22  

11::::::: 

26  

29  
30  
31  

4166   4156   363   930 
3574   3916  1956  1849 
3017   1035   194   821 
2129   1150   118   416 
4387   3110   494   796 
2952    922   207   193 
2166   1133   209   201 
546Q   3718   513   703 
2370   1862   764   413 
4395   6163  1034  1041 
3983   3448  1129   929 
8694  10937   721   738 
5580   8457  1530  1831 
7155   9735   2682   3181 
3821   3863   887  1531 
,  5383   4278   805  2207 
4007   2839    190   1021 
5335.   5629   536  1229 

14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  

If-  

24  

n  

27  

1!  

30  
31 

4342   4344   467   1039 
3743   4085   2373   1773 
3081    1«123   282   870 
2604   1047   1191    504 
4928   3644   660   1008 
3786    803   229   213 
2263   1001   267   262 
4836   4515   674   860 
2620   1926   886   516 
3969   7047   1146  (1104 
3984   3661   1337  1131 
6876   13403    832   973 
5047   9477   1753   2037 
6746   11055   2998   3220 
3657   4095   1024   1605 
5948   4370   965   2361 
4213   2930   278   1085 
53°5   5835   632   1512 

§2  
3  
34  
35  
Cicero 
Total  .. 

6531   10627   838   1668 
5263   10467   1419  2117 
6175   4855  1907  1368 
8779   7173   983   1528 
689   2938   721    297 
162388  169312  27684  36065 

32  
33  

Total  .. 

.......   6586   11122   941   1920 
4900   11183   1810   2489 
6083   5095   2273   1813 
8549   7665   1260   1805 

158417  183048  32051  41629 

VOTE  FOR  ALDERMEN. 
Ward.  Men.  Women.  Tot.  |  Ward.  Men.  Women.  Tot, 

1.  Michael  Kenna.  Dem.. ..5.323   1.53<3     6.861        Louis  B.  Anderson.  Rep.. 9. 354  5.376   14.730 
John   J.    Kennedy.    Ind...    416         83         499     3.  Geo.  F.  ITiff,  Dem 5.036  3.448     8.484 

2.  A.  L.  Davidson.  Dem.. ..2.582  1.288     3.870  )     John    H.    Passmore.    Rep. 6,404  4.466  10,870 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


859 


19 
05 


Ward.  Men. 

Isadore   Gordon.   Soc  ......     181 

Joe    Winkler,    Lab  ........       31 

O.  T.  Reilly.  Ind  ..........  1.423 

4.  Tim'thy  A.  Hogran.  Dem.3.573 
Charles  M.  Conlon.  Rep..  1.962 
Joseph  Mendriski,  Lab...  1,466 

5.  J.  B.  McDonough.  Dem.  4.285 
Henry  Langosch.  Rep  .....  3.665 

F.   G.  Wellman,.  Soc  ......     182 

B.  H.  Hansen.  Lab  ........    911 

6.  Full  term: 

A.  A.  McCormick.  Rep...  9,892 
Bernard  Berlyn.   Soc  ......    385 

To  fill  vacancy  : 

Harry  N.  Strouss,  Dem...  4,565 

Charles  C.  Eaton.  Rep  ----  9,282 

Frederick  Hack.  Soc  ......    309 

7.  M.  V.  Minnehan.  Dem...  5.  184 
Wm.  R.  Fetzer,  Rep  .....  11,158 
W.  E.  Landow.  Soc  .......     495 

8.  R.  A.  Woodhull.  Dem...  5.  181 
Frank  C.  Hill.  Rep  .......  3.113 

Val  Korsak,  Soc  ..........     179 

Theo.  J.  Vind.  Lab  .......  1,552 

9.  John  J.  Leonard.  Dem..  2,799 
Guy  Madderom.   Rep  .....  3,709 
Charles  V.  Johnson.  Soc.  .3,51 
H.  C.  Diehl.  Lab 

10.  Frank  Klaus.  Dem  .....  2.388 
Charles   C.    Foucek,    Rep.  2,096 
Alex   J.    Gilman,    Soc  .....    426 

11.  E.    F.    Cullerton,    Dem.  3,471 
Arthur  Bross.    Soc  ........    405 

Wm.  J.  Riordan.  Lab  .....     811 

12.  Anton  J.  Cermak,  Dem.4,464 
Frank   Trafil.    Rep  ........  2,994 

Carl  G.  Hofmann,   Soc....     626 

Joseph  Trainer.  Ind  .......    313 

13.  Thomas  J.  Ahern.  Dem.5,538 
Samuel  O.  Shaffer.  Rep...  7.  163 
John  Will.   Soc  .......  ....    524 

14.  Geo.  M.  Maypole,_  Dem.4,608 
Edward  J.  Lyons.  Rep...  4.366 
H.  W.  Harris,  Soc  ........     298 

Charles  Dold.  Lab  ........     944 

15.  E.    J.    Kaindl,    Dem.  ...4,533 
Louis  B.  Dessler.  Rep  ____  3.989 
Edward  E.  Klein.   Soc.  ...1.931 
Chester  A.  Sample,  Lab..  1,392 

16.  Stanley  H.  Kunz.  Dem.3.315 
Theo.  J.  H.   Gorsky.   Rep.  1,149 
Theo.   S.    Smith.   Lab  .....     894 

17.  S.  Adamkiewicz,  Dem..  2,  054 
Paul  E.  Sowinski,  Rep...  1,580 
Z.    P.    Girsztownt.    Soc.  .  .        86 
Henry  Aniclewski.   Lab...    426 

18.  John   J.   Touhy.    Dem..  6.  094 
Morton  S.  Thomas,  Rep..  3,083 
Robert  C.  Densmore,  Soc.    361 
Frank  Meister.  Lab  .......    671 

19.  John  Powers.    Dem  .....  3.229 
John    Schneider.    Rep  .....     960 
Frank  A.  Pellegrino.   Soc.    287 

20.  Henry  L.  Fick.  Dem...  2.  013 
William   Melody.    Rep  .....  1,535 
Edwin  H.  Wieman.   Soc...     188 
Phillip  Roy.  Lab  .........    238 

21.  Dorsey  Crowe.  Dem  ----  5,956 
R.    H.    McCormick,    Rep..  4.011 
Geo.  E.   Schmidt.  Soc  .....    434 
John  Welch.  Lab  .........    671 

22.  R.  L.   Schapp.  Dem....  2.  256 

Math   Hibbeler,    Rep..  .'...2,419 
Andrew   Lafin.    Soc  .......     766 

Frank     PalzkiU.     Lab...    360 

23.  T.  O.  Wallace.   Rep....  7.429 
Chas    Krumbein.    Soc  .....  1,073 
John   A.   Durkin.   Lab....  1.560 

24.  Frank  J.  Roeder.  Dem.  4,  026 
James  Donw>y.    Rep  .......  4.269 


Women 

131 
17 

1,094 
2.313 
1.180 

652 

2.186 

2,119 

77 

203 


.  Tot: 

312 

48 

2,517 
5.886 
3.142 
2,118 
6.471 
5.784 
259 
1,114 


6,286  16.178 
233         618 


2.622 
5.824 

185 
3,227 
7.396 

336 

2.855 

1.988 

87 

379 
1,393 
2,304 
1.471 

144 
1.445 
1,243 

235 
1,971 

127 

214 
2.760 
1,606 

302 

101 
4,468 
4.681 

271 
2,834 
2.850 

161 

322 
2.139 
1.988 

930 

396 
1,656 

569 

219 
1,054 

676 
27 

128 
2.582 
1,558 

159 

141 
1.282 

390 

85 

1.131 

752 
81 
84 

2.779 
2,276 

131 

119 
1.193 
1,052 

2/5 

96 
5.008 

530 

54O 
2.329 
2.620 


7,187 
15.106 

494 

8.411 

18.554 

831 
8.036 
5,101 

266 
1.931 
4,192 
6.013 
4.990 

742 
3.833 
3,339 

661 
5,442 

532 
1,025 
7.224 
4,600 

928 

414 
10,006 
11,844 

795 
7.442 
7.216 


6,672 
5.977 
2.861 
1.788 
4.971 
1.710 
1.113 

3,108 

2.256 

113 

554 

8,676 

4,641 


4.511 

1.350 

372 

3,144 

2,287 

269 

322 

8.735 

6,287 

565 

690 

3.449 

3,471 

1,041 

466 

12.437 

1.603 

2.100 

6.355 

6.889 


Ward.  Men. 

A.   W.   Harrack.   Soc 1.140 

E.  A.  Naber,  Lab 56 

25.  L.  D.  Wallace.  Jr..  Dem. 8. 8:9 
Henry  D.  Capitain.  Rep. 11,472 
Benjamin  Cossman.   Soc..     489 
Edward  N.  Nockeis.  Lab.    788 

26.  Thos.  R.  Caspars,  Dem. 5. 692 
William  F.   Lipps,   Rep. ..8, 646 
James    Marshall,     Soc....  1,326 
Timothy  F.  Neary.  Lab.. 2.406 

27.  A.  S.  Beaudette,  Dem.. 8.402 
Ed.    R.   Armitage,    Rep... 9. 019 

George  Koop.   Soc 2.830 

Ida  L.  M.  Fursman.  Lab.3,595 

28.  C.  F.   Smith.  Dem 5.122 

Arthur  T.  Gutgesell.  Rep.3.552 
Kail  F.  M.  Sandbarg.  Soc. 

N.  Thomas  Polston,  Lab.l. 

29.  J.   F.  Kovarik.  Dem... 5.547 

J.   Gblombiewski.   Rep 4,329 

Jos.  A.  Ambroz.    Soc 822 

•Martin  P.  Murphy.  Lab.  .2.942 


John  H.  Hanseh,  Ind..i.. 

30.  Thos.  J.  O'Grady.  Dem.3,505 

John  Burns,   Rep 3,967 

Aa  on  Henry.  Soc Ii9 

Patrick  J.  Griffin.  Lab...  1.239 

31.  James   A.    Long.    Dem.5,457 

Scott  M.  Hogan,  Rep 5,770 

B.  O.  Bees?,  Soc 344 

Martin  Nelson.  Lab 1.342 

32.  Chilton  P.  Nilson.  Dem.5.929 
Albert  J.  Fisher.  Rep... il. 263 
Joseph  W.  Morris,    Soc...     752 
Walter    Shogren,    Lab.... 1,858 

33.  L.  P.  Young.  Dem 5.300 

John  P.  Garner,  Rep. ..  .11.433 

Frank   Guynn,    Soc 1.134 

Robert  Buck,   Soc-Lab....    448 

34.  J.   O.   Kostner.  Dem.... 7,312 
Jacob  James  Fink.  Rep.. .5. 565 
Morris   Seskind,    Soc 1.682 

35.  John  S.  Clark,  Dem. ...9,901 

Charles  Jahnke,   Rep 7,0' 

John  Fuchs.   Soc 7 

Conrad  A.  Lund.  Lab 


Women.  Tot. 

461      1,601 

32  88 

5  569   14.39d 

8,029   19,501 

3«9         b78 

346      1.134 

2.985      8677 

5,183   13,829 

618      1,944 

905      3.3J.1 

3.619  12.021 

4.529   13,548 

1,077      3,907 


3,889 

4,250 

179 

364 

3.684 

7.374 

426 

553 

3.834 

6,238 

448 

225 

3,534 

2.693 

656 

6,785 

4,397 

353 

57 


9,346 

10.020 

523 

1.706 

9,613 

18.637 

1,178 

2,411 

9.134 

17.671 

1.582 

673 

10,846 

8.258 

2,338 

16,686 

11.445 

1.092 

129 


VOTE    ON   PROPOSITIONS.   APRIL    1,    1910. 
Shall    Chicago    become    anti-saloon    or    dry 
territory? 

Yes.  No. 

Men   ..  70,165     276,817 

Women  ..  ..   77,014     129.373 


Total  147.179     406.190 

Shall  bonds  in  the  sum  of  81,200.000  lor 
the  construction  of  a  viaduct  from  Canal 
street  to  WaJbaeh  avenue  on  12th  street 
(Roosevelt  road)  be  issued  by  the  city  of 
Chicago? 

Men    214?57      148°585 

Women  148.585        69,601 


Total    362,842      218.180 

Shall  bonds  in  the  sum  of  89,500.000  be 
issued  by  the  city  of  Chicago  for  the  purpose 
of  paying1  judgments  against  the  city? 

Tee.  No. 

Men    169,887     158.873 

Women    73.519        70.043 


Total 243,406     228.916 

Proposed   issue   of    8600.000   gold   bonds   of 
Cook  county  for  new  poorhouse  building's. 


City— Men    .  ....145^34 


Women 

Towns— Men 

Women  — 


83,734 
8.455 
2,112 


No. 

156.937 

50,760 

8.433 

3.210 


Total  240,135      219.340 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


CHICAGO    AND    COOK    COUN1 

VOTE   FOB   SUPERIOR   COUBT   JUDGE. 
(To  fill  vacancy.) 
Nominees:     John    M.    O'Connor,    Dem.;    Wil- 
liam   F.     Struckmann,     Bep.;     Samuel    Block, 
Soc.;  M.  N.  Friedland,  Lab. 
O'Con-    Struck-                        Fried- 
Ward,                 nor.        mann.       Block.       land. 
1...                     4.305        1,131            108              64 

Y    ELECTION    NOV.  4,   1919. 

Ward.                Busch.        Rush.  Holland.  Teevan. 
28  1.730        2.009            691            333 

29                         2  519        2  035            595            501 

30  2431        1267            150            220 

31  2.721        2688            391            317 

32                          3  179        5  607            654           401 

33                         2  932        6  034        1  230            598 

34  3.447        2868        1334           328 

35                        4  625        3  817           852           519 

2...                    1.201        3,678           219            117 
3..                      2,384        2,898           238            106 

Cicero                     658        1  119           368           140 

4                          1  885            733            160            174 

Total  82.013     91,779     18,949        9,533 
Towns  3.689      10.499        1,238           638 

5...                     2,251        1,311            262            270 
6...                     3,436        3,932            328            149 

7                          3  510        3  961           414            249 

Gr.  total.      85,682   102.278     20,187     10,171 

VOTE  ON  CHICAGO  PROPOSITIONS. 
Western    avenue    improvement    bonds    to    the 
amount   of    $2,400,000.       For.            Ag-ainst. 
Men    138.806            55.112 

8...                     1,648        1,826            325            559 

9...                     1.665        2,229        1,019            323 

10                         1  650            835           365              90 

11  1,702        1,095            386            184 
12  2,252        1,194            737            343 

14...                    2,623        1.892            352            261 

Women    28,824              9,035 

15  2.063        2.103        1,352            392 

Total    167.630            64.147 

17...                     1,199            683            124              77 
18  3,405        1,405            360            187 

Og-den     avenue     improvement     bonds     to     the 
amount   of   $5,400,000.        For.            Against. 
Men                                             133  647            65  029 

19                          1  766            601            1°4              64 

20     ...               1  701        1  157            140              65 

Women    22284              8954 

21  3,372        2.192            342            160 
22..                     1  343           873           436           122 

Total                                       155  931            63  983 

23  2557        3343           653           257 

South  Water  street  improvement  bonds  to  the 
amount  of  $3,800,000.         For.            Ag-ainst. 
Men    133611            53378 

24...                     1,771        1,711            751            289 

25  4.872        5,067           462            179 
26  3,131        4,332        1,062            395 
27  3.738        4,692        1,588            699 
28  1.956        1,915            719            335 

Women    27,309              8.484 

Total                                  .   160  920           61  862 

29  2.833        1.880            609            494 
30.                        2  702        1  207            164            210 

Robey  street  improvement  bonds  to  the  amount 
of   $9,200,000.                         For.            Against. 
Men                                             129  994            66  261 

31  3.022        2,523           401            308 

32  3,812        5,139           658           391 

Women    26,431               8.866 

34  4.012        2.523        1,418           358 

Total                                       156  425            64  127 

35  6,215        3,453           871           500 
Cicero  739        1,116           363           138 

Ashland    avenue    improvement    bonds    to    the 
amount  of  $5,800,000.         For.            Ag-ainst. 
Men    129499            54059 

Total  94.807     82,967     19.477        9,541 
Towns  4,991        9.589        1.238           651 

Women    26.117              8.671 

Gr.  total.     99,798     92.550     20.715     10.192 

VOTE   FOB    CIRCUIT  COURT   JUDGE. 
(To  fill  vacancy.) 
Nominees:    Francis  X.   Busch.  Dem.;  Georg-e 
F.  Rush,  Rep.;  Samuel  Holland.  Soc.;  John  C. 
Teevan,  Lab. 
Ward.               Busch.       Rush.  Holland.  Teevan. 
1                         4  179        1  202             92             64 

Total    ...             .                 155616            62730 

Michig-an    avenue    improvement    bonds    to    the 
amount   of   $2.000,000.        For.            Ag-ainst. 
Men    131,851            49,922 

Women                                         26  346               8  118 

Total    158,197            58,040 

Nonpartisan  election  of  aldermen. 
For.            Ag-ainst. 
Men                                              99  260            74  160 

2  996        3.840            209              93 
3  1,874        3.359            235            109 

Women    18.599            11.856 

4  1,710            790            154            130 

Total    117,859            86.016 

6  2,303        5.014            286            131 

Bedistricting-    the    city    into    fifty    wards,    the 
election  of  one  alderman  from  each  ward  and 
the  election  of  city  clerk  and  city  treasurer 
for  four-year  terms.              For.            Ag-ainst. 
Men    81.585            89.119 

7  2,607        4.750            381            241 
8                          1  467        1  919            312            548 

9     .                     1  419        2  400        1  001            310 

10                          1  482            9°5           *341              90 

11  l',544        1,157            367            188 

Women    16,212             13,975 

12  2,082        1,304            722            352 
13                          3  578        2  506           486            2r>4 

Total    97,797          103,094 

14.   ..                   2337        2070            342            281 

For  two  or  four-year  term  for  aldermen. 
2  years.          4  years. 
Men                                            125  173            39  976 

15  1.889        2173        1442            388 

16.     .                   1  251            596            °06            174 

17  1.113           692            1°0              7Q 

Women    24415               8.241 

18  3.932        1,719            359            197 
19  1665            667            112              63 

Total    ...       .                   149  588            48,216 

20..  2.087            729            135              60 
21  2594        2826            353            164 

VOTE  ON  COOK  COUNTY  PBOPOSITIONS. 
Cook    county    road    bonds    to    the    amount    of 
$5.000,000.                               For.            Ag-ainst. 
Men    .                                    .   125,916            63.849 

22  1.234            920           4^5 

23  2,059        3.679            656            251 
24  1,701        1.739            738            291 
25  3.741        6,081            470            171 
26                         2  696        4  683        1  037            371 

Women                       22158            10.621 

Total    .                               .   148.074            74,470 

27  3.172        6.214        1^548            723 

ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


861 


Detention    home     bonds     to    the     amount     of 
$1,000,000. 

For.  Against. 

Men     .                                      ,      92,676  70,875 

Women    10,546  11,312 


Total    109,222 


82,187 


VOTE   ON  STATE   PUBLIC  POLICY 

QUESTIONS. 
(Cook  county.) 

Instructing:  members  of  the  constitutional  con- 
vention to  submit  a  proposal  for  the  initia- 
tive and  referendum.  For.  Agrainst. 

Men    129,372  64,533 

Women    19,274  13,734 


Total    148,646 


78,267 


Instructing-  members  of  constitutional  conven- 
tion to  submit  the  proposal  for  the  initiative 
and  referendum  for  a  separate  vote  so  that 
if  approved  it  shall  take  effect  as  a  part  of 
the  constitution. 

For.  Ag-ainst. 

Men    126,211  61,376 

Women    18,474  13,271 

Total    144,685  74,647 

For  public  ownership  of  income  producing 
utilities  outside  ol  constitutional  debt  limita- 
tions. 

For.  Ag-ainst. 

Men    129.405  63,849 

Women    19,679  12,352 


Total    149,084 


71,275 


ILLINOIS    ELECTION    NOV.    4,    1919. 

VOTES    FOR    DELEGATES    TO    CONSTITUTIONAL  CONVENTION. 

Two  to  be  elected  from  each  senatorial  district. 
Dist.  |  Dist 

1.  Franklin  A.  Denison.   Rep 2,853 

Walter    H.    Wilson.    Rep.* 4,435 

Levy    Mayer,    Dem.* 4,998 

2.  John  J.  Gorman,  Rep 2,694 

Frederick  W.  Bruder,  Rep 1.684 


Michael   F.    Sullivan,    Dem.* 3,085 


Anthony  D' Andrea,  Dem.' 
Harry  E.  Greenwood.  Soc. 
Arthur  E.  Smith,  Soc.  .. 
William  J.  Riordan,  Lab... 
Bert  Murphy.  Lab. 


2,860 
644 
611 
281 
270 

3.  Edward   H.   Morris,"  Rep.*.!;.. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.  4.165 

•Archibald  J.  Carey,- Rep.* 4,064 

Matthew  D.  Hartigan.   Dem 2,836 

James  A.  Gorman.  Dem 2,854 

Joseph   DeBarberri.    Soc 379 

Charles    Hallbeck,    Soc 369 

William    J.    Martin,   Lab 189 

4.  Emil   O.   Kowalski,    Rep 2.527 

William    C.    Smith,    Rep 2.386 

John    E.    Traeger.    Dem.* 5,150 

George   P.   Latchford,    Dem.* 4,650 

Otto   Rhein,   Lab 520 

Max  Wegener.   Lab 526 

5.  Abel   Davis,    Rep.* 10,231 

Morton   D.    Hull.    Rep.* 9,369 


William   J.    Lindsay.    Dem. 


4.405 


William  P.  Casey.   Dem 3,425 

Fred   W.   Hack,    Soc 652 

Barney  Berlyn,   Soc 648 

6.  Rufus    C.    Dawes,    Rep.*..... 9.746 

George  A.  Dupuy,  Rep.* 9,304 

Joseph  E.  Flanagan,  Dem 5,466 

Joseph   H.    Stanger,    Dem 5,405 

Victor    Koehler,    Soc 2.513 

Christian    Meier,    Soc 2,487 

Albert   Stewart.   Lab 434 

7.  Frederic  R.   DeYoung,    Rep.* 6,404 

Amos   C.    Miller,    Rep.*    6.356 

A.    E.    Bauland,   Dem 2,385 

Charles    Mergin.    Soc 921 

1   Paul    Matz.    Soc 934 

John    Stevens,    Lab 1.471 

8.  Frank   S.  Whitman,  Hep.* 4,891 

Elam   L.    Clarke,    Rep.* 5.056 

J.  E.  Barber,  Dem 1,695 

Frank    Gilroy.    Dem 1,165 

Frank   Wagner,    Soc 1,115 

Gust  Hausdowsky.  Soc 1,041 

9.  David  E.   Shanahan.   Rep.* 3,503 

Charles   J.    Michal,    Dem.* 4.549 

10.  Bruce  H.  Garrett.  Rep.* 4.514 

James  Nichols.  Rep.* 4,295 

Oscar  H.  Ogren,  Soc 603 

C.  Henry  Bloom.  Soc 526 

William  A.  Lewis,  Lab 1.374 

Roy  Stacy,  Lab 1.309 

11.  Percival  G.  Baldwin.  Rep.* 8,660 

William  H.  Cruden.  Rep.* 8,306 

Michael  K.  Sheridan.  Dem 7.555 


Frank  J.  Walsh,  Dem 6.508 

Henry   Gronier,    Soc 1.250 

B.   O.   Beese,    Soc 1.208 

Benjamin  F.  Ferris,  Lab 796 

R.  T.  Ryan.  Lab 1.034 


12.  Harry  H.   Stahl,    Rep." 


2,780 


Arthur  M.   Smith,    Rep.* 2.809 

John  L.  Dickson.  Dem 1,066 

Robert  Bruce  Mitchell,  Dem 816 

13.  Douglas  Sutherland.  Rep.* 7.259 

Oscar    Wolff.    Rep.* 7,448 

John  J.  Poulton,  Dem 4,312 

Emery  M.  Shaw,  Dem 4.175 

Harry   H.    Wilson,   Soc 1,644 

Joseph    Gageski,    Soc 1,524 

O.   H.   Blevans.    Lab 1,149 

14.  Lee  Mighell.   Rep.* 7,380 

Rodney    H.    Brandon,    Rep.* 7,170 

Thomas   G.   McCabe,   Lab 4.162 

Charles  A.  Townsend.  Lab 5,115 

R.   Waite   Joslyn,   Ind 1,391 

15.  Ernest    Kunde.    Rep.* 3,208 

Otto  F.   Ring,   Rep 1,519 

Dennis    A.    Koran,    Dem 2,192 

S.    E.   Pincus.   Dem.* 2,634 

Edwin  H.  Wieman,  Soc 369 


16.  Charles   H.    Ireland,    Rep.*..., 


..  3.038 

H.  E.  Torrance.  Rep.* 2,798 

Z.   F.   Yost,    Dem 1,264 

Magoon    Barnes,    Dem 1,372 

17.  Anthony    Pintozzi,    Jr.,    Rep 1,597 

Charles    Heehler.    Rep 1,257 

Thomas   F.   Frole.    Dem.* 1,952 

Michael  larussi,   Dem.* 1,752 

18.  Hiram    E.    Todd,    Rep.* 2,681 

Frank   J.    Quinn,    Dem.* 2,614 

John  E.  Dempsey,   Dem 1,490 

19.  William    E.    Burns.    Rep 9.077 

Harry   A.   Siegel.    Rep 7.349 

Martin    J.    O'Brien.    Dem.* 11,321 

Michael    Rosenberg,    Dem.* 10,623 

Mordecai   Shulman.   Soc 2,696 

Henry    E.    Wickwire,    Soc 3,571 

H.  R.   Krewnow,   Lab 499 

20.  Edward    C.    Curtis.    Rep.* 7,139 

A.   F.    Goodyear,    Rep.* 7,161 

Frank  I.  Mann.    Nonp 4,868 

J.   W.  Rausch.   Nonp 4,526 

21.  George   F.   Lohman,    Rep.* 5.543 

Charles   S.   Cutting.    Rep.* 5.077 

John  F.  Higgins,   Dem 4,458 

James  F.    Hardy,   Dem 4,701 

Harry    W.    Harris,    Soc 683 

Thomas  L.   Slater.   Soc 634 

22.  E.   B.  Coolley,    Rep.*    6,471 

William    Stewart.    Rep.* 5,990 

J.  W.   Sheperd.  Dem 2,412 

James    Dwyer.    Dem 1,859 

Percy    Molyneaux,    Lab 2,713 

John  H.  Walker,  Lab 2,923 


862 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Dist. 

23.  William    Ganschow,     Rep.* 7,370 

Charles   Woodward,    Rep.* 6.621 

Thomas  D.    Garry.    Dem 4,027 

Richard  F.    Shay,    Dem 4.054 

James   A.   Meisinger.    Soc 2.324 

Knud    Larsen.    Soc 2.351 

24.  Henry   I.    Green,    Rep.* 4,712 

Henry  M.  Dunlap,  Rep.* 4,774 

Francis  E.  Williamson.  Dem 2.362 

Ray   D.  Meeker,   Dem 1.760 

25.  M.   A.  Michaelson.    Rep.* 11,520 

Willard    M.   McEwen.    Rep.* 11.126 

William  E.  Nichols,  Dem 7.244 

Michael  Dominowski,  Dem 6.469 

Carl    Strober.    Soc 3.791 

Karl   F.   M.    Sandberg,    Soc 3,810 

W.    Thomas   Polston.   Lab 1.260 

Frank  B.   Link,    Lab 1.264 

26.  Joseph    W.    Fifer,    Rep.* 5,124 

Thomas  C.  Kerrick.   Rep.* 5,020 

Frank    Gillespie,    Dem 1,17 

John  L.   Alexander,   Dem 1,072 

David    Deane,    Ind 839 

27.  Joseph   Parker.    Rep 913 

Frank  Wengierski.   Rep 1,413 

Edward  J.  Corcoran,  Dem.* 3,160 

Ernest  D.  Potts.   Dem.* 3,032 

28.  Andrew   H.   Mills.   Rep.* 4.238 

Charles  B.  T.  Moore.  Rep.* 4.130 

Robert  I.  Hunt.  Dem 2.265 

Charles   Peebles.    Soc 730 

W.   R.    Sinclair.    Soc 679 

29.  Alexander   H.    Revell.    Rep.* 2.655 

Charles   H.    Hamill,    Rep.* 2,666 

Edmond  J.  Mulcahy.  Dem 2,230 

Edward    Stenson.    Dem 2,137 

30.  Guy  L.   Shaw.    Rep.* 4,290 

Lewis  A.  Jarman,  Rep.*    4.008 

James    M.    Rahn.    Dem 3.163 

Arthur  A.   Leeper.    Dem 2,869 

Charles  H.   Schaeffer,  Lab 797 

31.  William  H.    Beckman.    Rep.* 9,141 

Eugene   H.   Dupee.    Rep.* 8,576 

William    C.    Burns,    Dem 4,487 

Donald    L.    Morrill.    Dem 4,654 

Robert  Norberg.  Soc 1,350 

John   Vogel.    Soc 1,404 

Robert  Emmet  Burke,  Ind 2.452 

32.  David    E.    Mack.    Rep.* 4.619 

Philip   E.  Elting,  Rep.* 4.556 

Judd   Hartzell,    Dem 1,754 

33.  Oscar   E.   Carlstrom.    Rep.* 6,846 

Cyrus  E.  Deitz.  Rep.* 5,141 

William  R.  Moore,   Dem 1,464 

Lewis  K.   England,    Soc 863 

Bert    Strayer.    Soc 799 

Charles  J.   Searle,   Ind 3,222 

34.  Charles   A.    Shuey,    Rep.* 3.495 

William  T.   Hollenbeck.    Rep.* 3,567 

Isaac   B.   Craig-,    Dem 2.210 

35.  Alvin    Warren.    Rep.* 3.441 

Edward   H.   Brewster.    Rep.* 3,526 

John  P.  Devine,   Dem 832 

Henry   S.   Dixon.    Dem 826 

36.  Perry  C.   Ellis.    Rep 3,349 

William    S.    Gray,    Rep.* 3.995 

John  E.  Wall.  Dem 3.024 

Rollo   S.  Barry.   Dem.* 3,827 

John   J.    Wagner.    Lab 0..207 

Henry    Distelhorst,    Lab 1,196 

37.  Lawrence  C.   Johnson.    Rep.* 3.806 

Watts  A.   Johnson.    Rep.* 3,754 

Benjamin    Downs,    Dem 1.386 

F.  W.  Morrassy.   Dem 1,870 

Roy  Hall,  Soc 735 

John   Beck,    Soc 688 

38.  John   L.   Dryer.    Rep.* 3.588 

Thomas    Rinaker,    Rep.* 3.585 

Robert   C.   Moore,   Dem 2,461 

Walter  J.  Chapman,  Dem 2.463 

Robert    Kelly,    Lab 2.017 

39.  Charles   E.   Woodward.    Rep.* 5.201 

William  M.   Scanlan.  Rep.* 5,161 

James  J.  Conway,  Dem 3,102 


Dist. 

Bernard   J.    Shanley.    Dem.    .  ..    2.392 

40.  Leslie   J.   Taylor.   Rep 5  °69 

William    H.    Chew.    Rep.*..!...'..      ..   5J417 

F.    R.    Dove.    Dem.* 5632 

John   E.    Hog-an.    Dem o'l28 

41.  Georg-e    A.    Barr.    Rep.* 5*969 

Edward    Corlett.    Rep.* 5*620 

Charles  L.  Schwartz.  Dem ',S49 

George  C.  Ottens.  Lab 5,458 

William  H.  Donaldson.  Lab 5.500 

42.  J.  Mack  Tanner,   Rep.*    4870 

John   A.  Thomas,   Rep 3*831 

A    B.  Lager,    Dem 4.339 

Edg-ar    E.    Fyke,    Dem.* 5044 

43.  Georg-e   G.    Gale.    Rep.* 3064 

A.    E.    Taff.    Rep.* 2892 

J.   J.   Welsh.   Dem 1503 

C.  H.    Hippler,    Dem 1,408 

John  C.    Sjodin.    Soc 602 

44.  S.   W.   McGuire.    Rep.* mm         '.'.   4877 

Henry   W.    Meinert,    Rep.* 4829 

Arthur  E.   Crisler,   Dem 2740 

Kent   E.  Keller.   Dem 2480 

45.  Clinton    L.    Conkling-.    Rep.* 5847 

.James   H.   Paddock,    Rep.* 5.274 

A.   D.   Stevens,   Dem 4243 

William  H.  Nelms.   Dem 3123 

William  J.  McDonald,  Lab 2,663 

46.  James  P.  Jack,   Rep.* 4131 

G     Gale    Gilbert,    Rep.* 4*001 

Albert    E.    Isley.    Dem ..   3093 

Rudolph  F.  Powers,   Dem 3*24" 

47.  John    J.    Brenholt,    Rep.* 4,'663 

Cicero   J.   Lindly,    Rep.* 3571 

John   F.    Eck,    Dem 1,792 

Earl   Galloway,   Lab 1,036 

48.  Sylvester  J.   Gee,    Rep.* 3190 

Prince  A.  Pearce.   Dem.* 3208 

49.  William  E.  Trautmann,  Rep.* 2126 

Herbert  F.  Lill.   Rep.* 1966 

Walton  M.   Vandeventer,   Dem 1,336 

Charles  A.   Karch,   Dem 1,084 

Charles  W.   Sebastin.  Lab 1,636 

William   Thomas,   Lab 1635 

50.  William  A.  Wall,   Rep.*...  .' .'   6*093 

William   J.    Sneed,   Rep.* 6,697 

William  W.  Warder.  Dem 2  726 

51.  George  W.  Hog-an,  Rep.* 4,226 

Georg-e  D.  Parker,  Rep.* 3,872 

D.  J.    Underwood.    Dem 1,338 

Solomon    Aydt.    Dem 1,079 

Giflord    Ernest,     Lab 2334 

*  Elected.  t 

STATE   VOTE   ON  PUBLIC  POLICY 

QUESTIONS. 

Initiative  and  Referendum. 
That  on  petition  of  100,000  persons  any 
proposed  amendment  to  the  constitution  may 
be  brought  to  popular  vote  and  be  enacted  by 
majority  vote;  that  on  petition  of  50.000 
electors  any  legislative  act  may  be  suspended 
by  a  majority  of  those  voting1. 

For    257,640 

Against    209,348 

GATEWAY  AMENDMENT. 
That  the  initiative  and  referendum  proposi- 
tion be  submitted  separately  from  the  main 
draft  of  the  constitution  to  apply  to  the  new 
constituti9n  if  adopted  or  to  the  present  con- 
stitution if  new  constitution  is  defeated. 

For    242,519 

Against    205,306 

PUBLIC    OWNERSHIP. 

That  cities  and  other  political  subdivisions 
shall  be  free  and  able,  if  the  people  BO  elect, 
to  acquire  public  utilities,  the  bonds  issued 
herefor  to  be  a  lien  on  the  utilities  and  not 
on  the  people. 

For    267,753 

Against    197,135 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


863 


POPULAR  VOTE  OF  ILLINOIS    (1880-1918). 


Year.      Office.  Prog.       Rep. 

1880 — President 318.037 

18S2 — Treasure! J 250,722 

1884— President 337,469 

1886— Treasurei 276,680 

1888— President 370,475 

1890— Treasurer 321.991 

1892— President 399,288 

1894 — Treasurei 455,788 

1896—  President 607,130 

1898— Treasurei ,.    448.940 

1900— President 597,985 

1902— Treasurer 450,695 

1904— President 632,645 

1906 — Treasurer 417,544 

1908— President 629,932 

1910— Treasurer 436.484 

1912— President 386,478    253.593 

1914— Treasurer 95,427    418,336 

1916— President 1,152,549 

1918— Treasurer 

Note— In  the  above  table  the  total  vote  in- 
cludes the  scattering  vote  for  minor  party 
candidates.  The  vote  in  the  people's  party 
column  prior  to  1890  is  that  cast  for  the  green- 


Dem. 

277.321 
244.585 
312,351 
240,664 
348,371 
331,929 

Pro. 

440 
11,130 
12,074 
19,766 
21,703 
22,236 

Peo. 

26,338 
15,511 
10,776 
34,821 
7,134 

Soc. 

426,281 
321.551 
464.523 
405,490 
503,061 
360,925 
327.606 
271  984 

25  ,,871 
19.460 
9,796 
11J53 
17.626 
18,434 
34,770 
89  293 

22.207 
60,067 
1,090 
7,886 
1,141   1 
1,521   5 
6,725   ' 
.       i 

iii« 

4.51" 
1.06C 
8.39J 
3.92C 
5  862 

450,810 
376,046 
405,048 
274,554 
950,229 
364,235 

29,364 
20,013 
15,710 
7,469 
26.074 
3,116 

633   3 
4 


6 

: 

4,711 

9,68^ 
35,34 
15,54 
3.882 
4,24' 

Total. 

622. $06 
521,948 
672,670 
572,986 
747,681 
677,133 
873,647 
858,651 

1,090,76* 
878,577 

1,131,897 
859,975 

1,076,499 


1,155,254 
882,230 
1,146,17$ 
841,335 
2.192,734 
910,683 

back  party  and  In  1888  for  the  labor  party. 
The  socialist  vote  as  given  includes  that  of  the 
social  labor  and  social  democratic  parties. 


VOTE    FOR    ILLINOIS    GOT- 
ERNORS.     1880-1916. 

1880. 

Shelby  M.  Cullom,  Rep...  314,565 
Lyman  Trumbull.  Dem..  .277,532 
A.  J.  Streeter.  Greenback  28,898 

1884. 

Richard  J.    Oglesby,    Rep.  334,234 
Carter  H.  Harrison,  Sr.,  D.319,635 
Jesse  Harper,   Peo  .........     8,605 

James  B.   Hobbs.  Pro  ......  10.905 

1888. 

Joseph  W.  Fifer,  Rep  ----  367.860 
John  M.  Palmer,  Dem  .....  355,313 
David  H.  Harts.  Pro  .....  18.874 
Willis  W.  Jones.  U.  L...  6.394 

18Q2 
John   P.    Altgeld,  'Dem....  425,558 

Joseph    W.    Fifer,    Rep..  ..402,686 

Robert  R.  Link.    Pro  ......  24,808 

Nathan  Barnett.  Peo  ......  20,108 

1896. 

John  R.  Tanner,  Rep  .....  587,637 
John  P.  Altgeld.  Dem....  474,256 
George  W.  Gere.  Pro  .....  14,559" 
Wm.  S.  Forman,  Gold  D..  8,102 
C.  A.  Baustin,  Soc.  Lab.  985 
J.  W.  Higgs,  Nat  .........  723 

1900. 
Richard  Yates,    Rep  .......  580,199 

Samuel  Alschuler,   Dem...  518,966 
V.    V.   Barnes,    Pro  ........  15,643 

Herman  C.  Perry,  Soc.  D.    8,611 
L.   P.   Hoffman,   Soc.   Lab.    1.319 
A.  C.  Van  Tine,  Peo  ......    1,106 

L.   G.   Spencer,   U.   R  ......       650 

John   Cordingly.    U.   C  .....        334 

1904. 

Charles  S.   Deneen,   Rep..  634,029 
Lawrence   B.  Stringer,  D..  334.880 
John  Collins,    Soc  ..........  59,062 

Robert   H.    Patton,    Pro...  35,440 


Philip   Veal,    Soc.    Lab. 


4,379 


James   Hogan,    Peo  ........    4,364 

A.   G.  Specht,  Continental       780 

1908. 

Charles  S.  Deneen,  Rep..  550,076 
Adlai  E.  Stevenson,  D...  526,912 
Daniel  R.  Sheen,  Pro  .....  33,922 
James  H.  Brower.  Soc....  31.293 
Gustav  A.  Jennings,  Soc.L.  1.526 
George  W.McCaskrin.  Ind.  10,883 

1912. 

Edward  F.  Dunne,  Dem..  443,120 
Charles  S.  Deneen,  Rep..  318,469 
Edward  R.  Worrell,  Pro..  15,231 
Tohn  C.  Kennedy,  Soc....  78,679 


John  M.  Francis,  Soc.Lab.    3,980 

Frank  H.  Funk,  Prog 303,401 

1916. 

Frank  O.  Lowden,  Rep.. 696,535 
Edward  F.  Dunne,  Dem. 556,654 
Seymour  Stedman,  Soc...  52,316 
John  F.  Francis,  Soc. -Lab.  1,739 
John  R.  Golden,  Pro 15,309 

VOTE  FOR  STATE  TREASUR- 
ERS,   1880-1918. 
Minor  candidates  omitted. 

1880. 

Edward   Rutz,    Rep 317,872 

Thos.  Butterworth,  Dem. 276,670 
J.  W.  Evans.  Greenback.  26,658 

1882. 

John  C.  Smith.   Rep 250,722 

Alfred  Orendorff,   Dem 244,585 

Daniel  McLaughlin.  Gbk.  15,511 
John  G.  Irwln,  Pro 11,130 

1884. 

Jacob  Gross,   Rep 338,171 

Alfred   Orendorff,    Dem..  ..313,400 

B.   W.   Goodnue,   Peo 10.451 

Uriah  Copp,   Pro 11,119 

1886. 

John   R.   Tanner.   Rep 276,680 

Henry  F.  J.  Ricker,  Dem.240,864 


H.   W.   Austin,  Pro 


19,766 


John  Budlong,  Un.  Lab...  34,701 

1888. 

Charles   Becker,    Rep 369,881 

Francis   A.Hoffman.Jr.,  D. 348,834 

John   W.    Hart,    Pro 21,174 

Nathan  Barnett,  Un.  Lab.    7,491 

1890. 
Edwin  S.  Wilson,   Dem..  .331,837 

Franz   Amberg,    Rep 321,990 

R.   R.   Link,   Pro 22,306 

1892. 
Rufus   N.   Ramsay.   Dem.. 425,855 

Henry  L.    Hertz,    Rep 396,318 

Thos.    S.   Marshall,   Pro...  26,426 
John  W.  McElroy,  Peo....  21,579 

1894. 

Henry  Wulflf,    Rep 455,886 

B.    J.    Claggett,    Dem 322.459 

John   Randolph.    Peo 59.793 

H.  J.  Puterbaugh,  Pro 19,487 

1896. 

Henry  L.   Hertz,   Rep «0*,0iu 

Edw.   C.   Pace.   Dem.-Peo. 473,043 

E.    K.   Hayes,    Pro 11,849 

Edward  Ridgeley,  Gold  D.     8,411 

1898. 
Floyd    K.Whittemore,Rep.448,940 


Millard  F.  Dunlan.  Dem..405.4SO 

John  W.   Hess.   Pop 7,891 

Wm.  H.  Boies.   Pro 11.792 

1900. 

Moses  O.Williamson,  Rep. 582,002 
Millard  F.  Dunlap,  Dem.. 508,720 
Henry  C.  Tunison,  Pro...  16,618 
Jacob  Winnen.  Soc.  Dem.  8,881 

1902. 

Fred  A.  Busse,  Rep 450,685 

George  Duddleston,  Dem. .360,925 
Chas.  H.  Tuesburg.  Pro..  18.434 

A.    W.   Nelson,    Soc 20,167 

Gottlieb  Renner.  Soc.  Lab.    8,235 

1904. 

Len  Small,  Rep 610.3W 

Chas.   B.   Thomas.  Dem... 353.232 

J.   Ross  Hanna,   Pro 35,664 

E.   S.  Tebbetts.   Soc 62.848 

1906. 

John  P.  Smulski,  Rep.... 417.544 
Nicholas  L.  Piotrowski,D.271,984 
William  P.  Allin,  Pro....  89,292 
Wilson  E.  McDermut.Soc.  42,005 

1908. 

Andrew   Russel,    Rep 619,698 

John   B.   Mount.  Dem 449,978 

Albert  S.  Spalding.  Pro...  31.037 
William  Bross  Lloyd.  Soc.  33,707 

1910. 

Edward  E.  Mitchell,  Rep.  .436,484 
Alpbeus  K.  Hartley.  Dem. 376.046 
Lorenzo  J.  Kendall,  Pro..  20,013 
O.  T.  Fraenkel.  Soc 49,687 

1912. 

William  Ryan.  Jr.,  Dem.. 402,292 
..321,577 
..310.265 
..  84,031 
..  15,385 


Andrew  Russel,  Rep... 
Philip  Decker,  Prog... 

L.   F.   Haemer,   Soc 

Frank  B.  Vennum,   Pro 

1914. 

Andrew  Russel,  Rep... 
W.  C.  Clifford,  Dem... 
Louis  G.  Pavey,  Prog. 
William  Acker,  Soc 


.418,336 
.274,554 
.  95,427 
..  43,154 


Gustaf  Larson,    Soc. -Lab. .     2,395 

L.    A.    Chamberlain.    Pro..     7,469 

1916. 

Len  Small,  Rep 678.404 

Arthur  W.  Charles.  Dem.. 566,919 

Bert  W.  Newton.  Soc 50,324 

Jonathan  Seaman.   Pro 9.396 

Ignatz  Friedman,  Soc. -Lab.    1,767 

1918. 
Fred  E.    Sterling,   Rep..  ..506,038 

Jas.    J.    Brady,    Dem 364,235 

R.    L.    Harvey,    Soc 34,247 

O.   L.   Dayton,   Pro 3,116 

S.    J.    French.    Soc. -Lab..    3,047 


864: 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOE   1920. 


MAYORALTY    ELECTIONS    IN    CHICAGO    SINCE    1871. 


Nov.    7.    1871. 
Joseph    Medill.     Rep.......  U.1B 

Chas.  C.  P.  Holden.  Dem.    5.988 

Nov.    4.    1873. 

H.  D.  Colvin,  Peo.  Party.  28.791 
L.  L.  Bond.  Law  and  Order  18.640 


July   12.    1876. 
Monroe   Heath.    Rep 


April  3.    1877. 
Monroe    Heatb.     Rep 
Perry    H.    Smith.    Dem.. 

April  1,   1879. 


19.248 


30.881 
19.449 


Ernst 

O    H.  Harrison,  Sr.,  Dem.  35,668 

John    M.    Clark.    Rep 27,925 

Timothy   O'Mara.    Ind 764 

George 'Schilling.    Soc 240 

C.  H.  Harrison,   Sr.,   Dem.  41.225 
Eugene  Gary.   Rep 30,963 

O.   H.   Harrison.  Sr.,  D*em.  43,352 

Sidney    Smith.     Rep 42,977 

William    H.    Bush,    Pro...        221 
April  5.    1887.     .     _ 


*-* 


57.340 

45.328 

410 


DeWltt  C.  Cregier.  Dem.. 
John  A.  Roche.  Rep  ....... 

Ira  J.   Mason.   Pro  ......... 

Charles   Orchardson.    Soc.. 

April  7.    1891.    ' 
Hempst'd  Washburne.Rep.  46.957 
DeWitt  C.  Cregier,  Dem..  46,588 


C  H  Harrison.  Sr.Jnd.D.  42,931 
Eimer  Washburn,  Citizens'  24,027 
Thomas  J.  Morgan,  Soc..  2,376 

April  4,   1893. 
C.  H.  Harrison,    Sr..   Dem.114,237 

S.  W.  Allerton,  Rep 93,148 

DeW.  C.  Cregier,  Un.  Cit.  3,933 
J.  Ehrenprels,  Soc.  Lab..  1,000 

Dec.  19,   1893. 

Special  election  to  fill  vacancy 
caused  by  assassination  of   Car- 
ter H.   Harrison,   Sr. 
John  P    Hopkins,  Dem....  112, 959 

George 'B.  Swift,   Rep 111,669 

Michael  Britzius,    Soc 2.064 

Ebenezer  Wakeley,  Pop...       535 

April  2,  1895. 

George  B.   Swift,  Rep 143,884 

Frank  Wenter.  Dem 103,125 

Bayard   Holmes,    Peo 12,882 

Arthur  J.  Bassett,  Pro...  994 
Ebenezer  Wakeley.Peo.Sil.  302 

April  6,   1897. 

C  H.  Harrison,  Jr.,  Dem.l48,8«0 
John  M.  Harlan,  Ind.Rep.  69,730 
Nathaniel  C.  Sears,  Rep.  59,512 
Wash.  Hesing.  Ind.  Dem.  15,427 
John  Glambock,  Soc.  Lab.  1,230 

H.  L.   Parmelee,   Pro 910 

J.  Irving  Pearce,  Jr.,  Ind.  561 
Frank  H.  Collier.Ind.Dem.  110 

April  4,  1899. 
C.  H.  Harrison,  Jr.,  Dem.148,496 

Zina  R.  Carter.  Rep 107,437 

John  P.  Altgeld.  M.  O....  47,169 
John  A.  Wadhams,  Pro...  1.023 
August  Klenkie,  Soc.  Lab.  1.175 
T.  G.  Kerwin.  Soc.  Dem..  367 

April  2.   1901. 
C.  H.  Harrison,  Jr.,  Dem.156,756 


Elbridge   Hanecy,    Rep.... 128, 413 

Avery  E.    Hoyt.  Pro 3.328 

Gus   Hoyt,    Soc.   Dem 2,043 

John  R.  Pepin,  Soc.  Lab..  679 
Thomas  Rhodes.  Sin.  Tax  1.028 
John  Collins.  Soc 5.384 

April  7.   1903. 
C.  H    Harrison.  Jr..  Dem. 146,208 

Graeme  Stewart,   Rep 138.548 

Thomas  L.  Haines,  Pro...  2,674 
Charles  L.  Breckon,  Soc..  11.124 
Daniel  L.  Cruice.  Ind.  Lab.  9.947 
Henry  Sale.  Soc.  Lab 1.014 

April  4.  1905. 
Edward  F.  Dunne,  Dem... 163, 189 

John  M.   Harlan,   Rep 138,548 

Oliver  W.  Stewart,  Pro...  3,294 
John  Collins,  Soc 23,034 

April  2.  1907. 

Fred  A.  Busse,  Rep 164.702 

Edward  F.   Dunne,   Dem.. 151.779 

W.   A.   Brubaker.   Pro 6,020 

George  Koop,  Soc 13.429 

April  4,  1911. 

Carter  H.  Harrison.  Dem. 177. 997 
Charles  E.  Merriam,  Rep.  160, 672 

W.   A.   Brubaker,   Pro 2,239 

W.  E.  Rodriguez,  Soc 24,825 

Anthony  Prince,   Soc.  Lab.    1,058 

April    6,    1915. 

W.  H.  Thompson,  Rep.  ..398,538 
Robert  M.  Sweitzer,  Dem. 251.061 
Seymour  Stedman,  Soc 24,452 


John    Hill.    Pro.... 


3,974 


COOK    COUNTY    VOTE    FOR    SHERIFF    AND    STATE'S 


1900— FOR    STATE'S 

ATTORNEY. 
Charles    S.    Deneen,    Rep. 205,709 

Julius    Goldzier,    Dem 179,696 

Walter  Hawk,    Pro 5,236 

C.   H     Becker.   Peo 153 

Thos.  J.   Morgan,  Soc. Dem.    6,227 

1902— FOR   SHERIFF. 
Thomas  E.   Barrett.   Dem.141,822 
Daniel  D.   Healy,    Rep.... 135, 036 

Joseph  P.  Tracy,   Pro 4.840 

Henry  Sale,   Soc.   Lab 5,973 

James  P.  Larson.   Soc 13,134 

Thos.  Donegan.  Single  Tax.      908 

1904— FOR  STATE'S 
ATTORNEY. 

John  J.   Healy.    Rep 206,487 

George  A.  Trude.  Dem 132,811 

M.   C.   Harper,   Pro 5.630 

Seymour  Stedman,  Soc 39,736 


Henry   Sale.    Soc.    Lab....     2,547 

L.   A.   Shaw.   Peo 1.468 

1906— FOR   SHERIFF. 
Christopher    Strassheim,R.131,608 
Harry   R.   Gibbons.   Dem..  93.83fi 

S.   A.  Wilson,   Pro 3,745 

James  P.  Larson,  Soc...  26,055 
Jas.  J.  Gray,  Ind.  League  49,296 
John  Fitzpatrick,  Prog.Al.  1.400 

1908-FOR    STATE'S 

ATTORNEY. 
John  E.  W.  Wayman,  Rep.197,805 

Jacob  J.    Kern,    Dem 146,133 

William   Street,   Pro 45,528 

Seymour  Stedman.  Soc....  17.471 
Charles  H.  Mitchell.  Ind.  9.279 

1910— FOR   SHERIFF.  . 

Michael   Zimmer.   Dem 165,445 

Frank   A.   Vogler.    Rep. .  ..145,598 

O.    F.    Sorber,    Pro 5.038 

Wm.Van   Bodegravp«,  Soc.  27.588 


April    1.    1919. 
W.    H.    Thompson,    Rep... 259. 828 
Robt.    M.    Sweitzer,    Dem.238,206 

Maclay    Hoyne,    Ind 110,851 

John    M.    Collins.    Soc 24,079 

Ad'ph  S.   Carm,    Soc. -Lab.    1,848 
John    Fitzpatrick,    Lab....  65,990 

ATTORNEY     ( 1900-1916) . 

1912— FOR    STATE'S 
ATTORNEY. 

Maclay   Hoyne,    Dem 122.419 

Lewis  Rinaker,   Rep 113.181 

Wm.   A.  Cunnea,    Soc 107.647 

Geo.    I.    Haight.    Prog 93,495 

John  H.   Hill,   Pro 2,896 

1914— FOR    SHERIFF. 

John  E.   Traeger,   Dem 166.335 

Geo.  K.  Schmidt,  Rep 112,502 

Frederick  S.  Oliver,  Prog..  50,117 

B.  McMahon,   Soc 23,319 

G.  W.   Hoover,   Pro 1.229 

1916— FOR     STATE'S 
ATTORNEY. 

Maclay    Hoyne,    Dem 236,384 

Harry    B.     Miller.     Rep..  .191,456 
William    A.    Cunnea.    Soc. 102,579 

1918— FOR    SHERIFF. 

C.  W.    Peters,    Rep 177,912 

A.    J.    Cermak,    Dem 174,829 

Adolph    Dreifuss,     Soc....  19,572 


PRESIDENTIAL    VOTE   FROM    1884    TO 

1884.           Chicago.  Cook  Co. 

James  G.   Elaine.    Rep 51.420  69,251 

Grover  Cleveland,    Dem 48.530  60.609 

B.  F    Butler.   Greenback 540  810 

John  P.   St.  John.   Pro 484  997 

1888. 

Benjamin  Harrison,  Rep 60.102  85.307 

Grover  Cleveland.   Dem 63.TO6  84.491 

Clinton  B.   Fisk,   Pro 1.308  2.577 

Alson  J.   Streeter.   Union  Labor...       255  303 

R.    H.    Cowdrey,    United    Labor..       126  149 

1892. 

Grover  Cleveland.   Dem 136.474  144.604 

Benjamin  Harrison.  Rep 100.849  111.254 

James  B.  Weaver.  Peo 1.506  1.614 

John    Bid  well.    Pro 3.029  3.858 


1916    IN    CHICAGO    AND    COOK    COUNTY. 

1896.       Chicag-o.  Cook  Co. 

William  McKinley,  Rep 200.747        221.823 

William  J.   Bryan.    Dem 144.736 

Joshua    Levering,     Pro 1.849 

Charles   E.    Bentley.    Nat 141 

Charles  H.   Matchett,   Soc.   Lab...       712 
John  M.   Palmer.   Gold  Dem 2.300 

1900. 

William   McKinley.    Rep 184.786 

William  J.  Bryan.  Dem 177,165 

John  G.   Woolley,  Pro 2.977 

Whnrton  Barker.   Peo 185 

Eugene   V.   Debs.   Soc.   Dem 6.553 

Joseph  P.    Malloney.    Soc.    Lab....        410 

Seth  W.  Ellis.   Union  Reform 145 

J.   F.  R.   Leonard,   United  Chr...       130 


151.910 

2.149 

163 

727 

2.600 

203.760 

186.193 

3.490 

211 

6.752 

434 

160 

134 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   192O. 


865 


1904.          Chicago.  Cook  Co. 

Theodore    Roosevelt.    Rep 208.689  229.878 

Alton   B.   Parker.   Dem 98.765  103.762 

Silas   C.    Swallow.    Pro 4.652  5.290 

Eugene    V.    Debs.    Soc 45.929  47.743 

C.    H.    Corregan.    Soc.    Lab 2.556  2.660 

Thomas   E.    Watson.    Peo 3.155  8323 

Austin   Holcomb,    Cont 288  319 

1908. 

William   H.   Taft.    Rep 205.830  230.400 

William  J.    Bryan.   Dem 143.544  152.990 

Eugene   Chafln.    Pro 4.982  5.965 

Eugene   V.    Debs.    Soc 17.712  18.842 

Thomas   L.    Hisgen.    Ind 5.633  5.994 

Daniel   B.   Turney.    U.   Clir 169  178 

August   Gillhaus.    Soc.   Lab 616  649 


Chicagro.  Cook  Co. 

Thomas  E.    Watson.    Peo 40  75 

1912. 

Theodore    Roosevelt.    Prog 144.392  166.061 

Woodrow    Wilson.    Dem 120209  130702 

William   H.   Taft.   Rep 67.859  741851 

Eugene   V.   Debs.    Soc 49.959  52.659 

Eugene  Chafln.   Pro 2.403  2737 

Arthur  E.   Reimer.   Soc.   Lab 2.171  2.300 

191G. 

Charles  E.   Hughes.   Rep 377.201  435.695 

Woodrow  Wilson.   Dem 351,175  379,438 

Allan    L.    Benson.    Soc 28.727  32,471 

J.     Frank     Hanly.     Pro 1,597  2,309 

Arthur    E.    Reimer,    Soc.-Lab 907  1,050 


EXECUTIONS  IN  COOK  COUNTY. 


John   Stone July   10, 

William  Jackson June  19. 

Albert  Staub April  20. 

Michael   McNamee May  6. 

Walter  Fleming Dec.  15. 

Jerry  Corbett  Dec.  15. 

George  Driver March  14, 

Chris   Rafferty Feb.   '27, 

George  Sherry June  21. 

Jeremiah   Connolly June  21, 

James  Tracey Sept.    15. 

Isaac  Jacobsen Sept.  19, 

Ig-nazio  Sylvestri Nov.  14, 

Agostino  Gilardo Nov.  14, 

Giovanni  Azzaro Nov.   14, 

Frank  Mulkowski March  26, 

Albert  Parsons Nov.   11, 

August  Spies Nov.  11, 

George  Engel Nov.   11, 

Adolph  Fischer Nov.   11, 

Zephyr  Davis   (col.) May  12, 

George   H.   Painter Jan.   26, 

Thomas    ("Buff")    Higgins March  23, 

Patrick  E.  J.  Prendergast July  13. 

Harry    ("Butch")    Lyons Oct.  11, 

Henry  Foster    (col.) Jan.  24, 

Alfred  C.  Fields   (col.) May  15, 

Joseph  Wimlrath June    5, 

Julius    Manow Oct.    30, 

Daniel   McCarthy Feb.    19, 

John  Lattimore    (col.) May  28, 

William  T.  Powers   (col.) Mpy  28. 

Chris  Merry April 

John  Drugrgan Oct. 


22. 
14. 
14. 


George  H.  Jacks Oct. 

Robert  Howard    (col.) Feb.  17. 

August   A.   Becker Nov.  10. 

Michael    E.    Rollinger Nov.  17, 

George  Dolinski Oct.  11. 


1840 

1857 

1858 

1859 

1865 

1865 

1873 

1874 

1878 

1878 

1882 

1884 

1885 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1887 

1887 

1887 

1888 

1894 

1894 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1896 

1806 

1896 

1897 

1897 

1897 

1898 

1898 

1898 

1899 

1899 

1899 

1901 


Louis  G.  Toombs Aug.     8,   1902 

Louis  Pesant  April  15.   1904 

Peter  Niedemeyer April  22,   1904 

Gustav   Marx April  22,   1904 

Harvey  Van  Dine April  22.   1904 

Frank  Lewandowski Sept.  30.   1904 

John  Johnson Jan.  20.   1905 

Robert  E.  Newcomb Feb.  16    1906 

John  Miller    Feb.  16]   1906 

Johann  Hoch  Feb.  23.   1906 

Richard  G.  Ivens June  22,   1906 

Daniel  Francis   (col.) Oct.   12.   1906 

Richard  Walton  (col.) Dec.  13.   1907 

William  Johnson   (col.) Oct.  22,   1909 

Ewald   Shiblawski   Feb.   16.   1912 

Frank  Shiblawski   Feb.   16,   1912 

Philip   Sommerling   Feb.  16.   1912 

Thomas   Schultz    Feb.  16.  1912 

Thomas  Jennings  (col.) Feb.  16,   1912 

Roswell  C.  F.  Smith Feb.  13,   1915 

Edward    Wheed    Feb.  15.   1918 

Harry  Lindrum  Feb.  15.   1918 

John  Anderson  July  19.   1918 

Lloyd    Bopp    Dec.     6,   1918 

Albert  Anderson  Feb.  28,   1919 

Earl  Dear   June  27,   1919 

Thomas   Fitzgerald    Oct.  17,   1919 

J9hn  Stone  was  executed  publicly  on  the 
prairie  on  the  south  side.  William  Jackson 
and  Albert  Staub  were  also  executed  publicly 
but  on  the  west  side.  After  that  executions 
were  private  and  took  place  in  the  courthouse 
until  1878.  since  which  time  they  have 
taken  place  in  the  county  jail  on  the  north 
side.  Rafferty  was  hanged  in  Waukegan  for 
murder  in  Chicago.  All  the  executions  have 
been  on  Fridays  except  those  of  Sylvestri. 
Gilardo.  Azzaro.  Zephyr  Davis  and  Smith, 
which  occurred  on  Saturdays. 


No.     Name. 


1.  Jonathan  N.  Bailey 1831 

2.  John  S.  C.  Coates 1832 

3.  Sydney  Abell. 1837 

4.  William    Stuart 1841 

5.  Hart  L.  Stewart 1845 

6.  Richard  L.  Wilson 1849 

7.  George  W.  Dole 1850 

8.  Isaac  Cook 1853 

9.  William  Price 1857 

10.  Isaac   Cook 1858 

11.  John  L.  Rcripns 1861 

12.  Samuel   Hoard 1865 

13.  Thomas  O.  Osbome 1866 

14.  Robert  A.  Gillmore 1866 


POSTMASTERS 

Appointed.  Died. 


1850 
1868 
1863 
1878 
1883 
1 856 
I860 
1886 
1885 
1886 
1866 
1881 
1904 
1867 


OF 

No. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
oo 

23'. 
24. 
25. 
26. 

27. 


CHICAGO. 

Name.  Appointed.  Died. 

Francis  T.  Sherman 1867  1905 

Francis  A.  Eastman 1869  1918 

John  McArthur 1872  1906 

Francis  W.  Palmer 1877  1907 

Solomon  C.  Judd 1885  1895 

Walt.  C.  Newberry 1888  1912 

James  A.  Sexton 1889  1899 

Washington  Hesing 1893  1897 

Charles  U.  Gordon 1897 

F.  E.  Coyne 1901 

Fred  A.  Busse 1905  1914 

Daniel  A.  Campbell ...1907 

William  B.  Carlile...  ...1917 


LONG    AIRSHIP   VOYAGE. 


Starting  from  a  station  on  the  Firth  of 
Forth.  Scotland,  at  3:45  p.  m..  Sunday, 
March  16.  1919,  the  British  nonrisrid  airship 
US-11  made  a  nonstop  trip  of  1.285  miles  in 
40  hours  30  minutes.  The  voyage,  which 
was  a  world's  record  up  to  that  time  for  that 
type  of  craft,  took  the  form  of  a  circuit  of 


the  Coasts  of  Denmark. 
Helgoland.  North  Germany  and  Holland.  The 
weather  was  unfavorable  throughout  the  trip, 
which  terminated  at  8:15  a.  m..  Tuesday.  The 
flight  was  particularly  noteworthy  in  that  it 
was  carried  out  entirely  over  the  sea. 


866 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


COOK    COUNTY    OFFICIALS. 


Uai.y  . 

C.    W.    PETERS 
Sheriff. 


PETERTE?NBERG, 
President  County  Board. 


M.    SWEITZKR 

County  Clerk. 


Barrett  Photo 

JOSEPH  F.   HAAS 
Recorder. 


Root  Studios. 

MACLAY  HOYNE, 
State's  Attorney. 


.Morrison  Plioto. 

E.  J.  TOBIN, 

mtv  Snnt.  Schools. 


JAMES  T.  BURNS 
County  Judge. 


FhoTo'  Copyright  191 8.  MoffettStudlo,Chic«go                        Mattene  Photo.                                   Cooer  '^ 

WILLIAM  R.  PARKER.  HENRY  HORNER.   CHARLES  H.  SERGEL,  P.  M.  HOFFMAN. 

Clerk  Criminal  Court.  Judge  Probate  Court.       Pres.  Sanitary  District.  _            Coroner. 

'                            '                               ~  ^"'"" 


EDW.    R.    LITSINGEB.  P.  A.   NASH 

Board  of  Review.  Board   of   Hevip 


./alinger  Photo. 

O.  V.  BARRETT, 

Board   of   Review. 


Bill  4 

m  /- 


M.  K.  SHERIDAN,        GEORGE  K.  SCHMIDT.  ADAM   WOLF, 

Board    of    Assessors.         Board    of    Assessors.  Board  of  Assessors. 


Walineer  Photo. 

CHAS.  KRUTCKOFF. 
Board    of    Assessors. 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB    1920. 


807 


COOK    COUNTY    OFFICIALS. 


Hours   9   a. 

BOARD     OF     COMMISSIONERS. 
Room    537    county    building. 

President— Peter  Reinberg-,  D.,   523  courthouse 

Clerk  of  County  Board— Robert  M.  Sweitzer, 
D..  600  county  building. 

Commissioners.  City  Districts— Peter  Reinberg 
D.;  Charles  N.  Goodnow,  R.;  Robert  W. 
McKinlay,  D.;  Frank  J.  Wilson  D  •  Em- 
mett  Whealan.,  D.;  Joseph  M.  Fitzgerald 
D.;  Bartley  Burg,  D.;  Albert  Nowak,  D.; 
Daniel  Ryan.  D.;  John  Budinger.  D.  Coun- 
try districts— William  Busse  R.;  Joseph 
Carolan.  R.;  Dudley  D.  Pierson.  R.;  George 
A.  Miller.  R.;  William  H.  Maclean,  R.  Room 
537  county  building. 

Committee  Clerk— Peter  J.  Ellert,  537  county 
building-. 

Meeting's— The  regrular  meeting's  of  the  board 
of  commissioners  are  held  on  the  first 
Monday  of  December,  January,  February, 
March,  June  and  September  of  each  year. 

Duties — The  commissioners  are  charged  with 
the  management  of  the  county  affairs  of 
Cook  county,  aa  provided  by  law.  having 
the  same  powers  as  the  boards  of  super- 
visors in  other  counties.  They  make  all 
appropriations  and  contracts  and  authorize 
all  expenditures.  The  president  appoints, 
with  the  approval  of  the  board,  the  super- 
intendent of  public  service  and  other  offi- 
cers and  employes  whose  election  or  ap- 
pointment is  not  otherwise  provided  for 
by  law. 

COUNTY    CLERK'S    OFFICE. 
County  building1,  second  floor,  south  end. 

Clerk— Robert    M.    Sweitzer.    D. 

Chief    Deputy— John   H.    Mack. 

Chief  Clerk— William  T.  O'Brien 

Chief   Bookkeeper— John   P.    Keevers. 

Cashier— J.    S.    Mayer. 

Chief  Tax  Extensions— Martin  J.   O'Brien. 

Chief    Election    Department — John    D     Hayes 

Duties— The  county  clerk  is  also  clerk  of  the 
County  court,  clerk  of  the  county  board  and 
ex  officio  comptroller  of  county  financial 
affairs.  As  county  clerk  he  issues  all  mar- 
riage licenses,  hunting-,  tavern  and  other 
licenses,  keeps  records  of  births  and  deaths, 
assists  at  tax  sales  and  makes  redemptions 
from  same:  receives  all  tax  levies  and  com- 
putes county,  state  and  all  city,  village, 
district  and  other  municipal  taxes.  As 
clerk  of  County  court  he  keeps  a  record 
of  insane,  pauper,  support,  feeble  minded, 
inheritance  tax  and  other  cases.  Nearly 
all  special  assessment  cases  are  recorded  in 
this  office.  As  comptroller  he  disburses  all 
salaries  and  all  other  county  funds  and  has 
charge  of  all  deeds,  mortgages,  contracts, 
bonds,  notes  and  similar  papers  belonging 
to  the  county,  settles  all  accounts,  keens 
books  showing  appropriations  and  expendi- 
tures, makes  out  report  for  fiscal  year  and 
submits  estimates  for  the  expenses  of  all  the 
departments  of  the  county  organization. 
CLERK  OF  COUNTY  COURT. 
Room  600  county  building. 

Clerk— Robert   M.    Sweitzer.    D. 

Chief    Clerk— George    L.    McConnell. 
COMPTROLLER'S    OFFICE. 
Room  511   county  building. 

Comptroller— Robert    M.    Sweitzer,    D. 

Deputy    Comptroller— William    J.    Graham. 

Chief  Clerk— Michael   J.    O'Connor. 
Duties— See  county   clerk. 

COUNTY  TREASURER'S  OFFICE. 

County  building.   1st  and  2d  floors,  north  end. 

County   Treasurer— Harry   Gibbons,    D. 

Duties— The  county  treasurer  receives  and  dis- 


m.   to   5  p.  m. 

burses,  pursuant  to  law,  all  the  revenues  and 
other  public  moneys  belonging  to  the  coun- 
ty. He  or  his  assistant  countersigns  county 
orders  and  renders  accounts  to  the  board  of 
commissioners. 

SUPERINTENDENT    OF    PUBLIC    SERVICE. 
Room  519  county  building. 

Superintendent— Henry  A.  Zender. 

Chief  Clerk— F.   H.   Chambers. 

Duties— Purchases  all  supplies  for  the  county 
institutions,  advertising  for  bids  at  specified 
times  and  entering  into  yearly  or  quarterly 
contracts  and  making  tests  from  time  to 
time  of  the  articles  furnished  to  determine 
if  they  are  up  to  contract  requirements. 
Has  supervision  of  all  maintenance  and  re- 
habilitation of  county  buildings.  Represents 
owners  on  all  new  construction  work;  ad- 
vertises for  bids  and  handles  all  plane  and 
specifications. 

STATE'S    ATTORNEY'S    OFFICE. 

Criminal  court  building,  second  floor,  and  SOT 
county  building. 

State's  Attorney— Maclay  Hoyne.  D. 

First    Assistant— Michael   F.    Sullivan. 

Assistant    (county  attorney) — Edwin  H.  Raber. 

Grand  Jury  Assistant— William  H.  Duval. 

Assistants — Marvin  E.  Barnhart.  John  Prystal- 
ski.  Dwight  McKay,  James  C.  O'Brien. 
Grover  C.  Niemeyer,  Daniel  G.  Ramsay,  John 
W.  Beckwith.  Ota  P.  Lightfoot.  Nicholas 
Michels.  Edward  A.  Prindiville.  Ernst 
Buehler.  Walter  T.  Stanton.  Nellie  Carlin. 
George  C.  Bliss.  John  P.  Moran.  Edward  E. 
Wilson.  Joseph  P.  Ryan,  John  E.  Foster, 
John  M.  Lowery,  James  R.  Considine. 
Augustus  Kelly.  John  Owen,  Henry  Eckhardt. 
George  Emmicke,  Robert  E.  Hogan,  Mal- 
colm B.  Sterrett.  J.  J.  Viterna,  Robert  P. 
Rollo.  James  E.  McShane,  Michael  L. 
Rosinia.  James  C.  Dooley.  Joseph  A.  SmejkaU 
W.  W.  DeArmond.  Eugene  P.  Quirke.  Joel  C. 
Carlson.  Robert  W.  Daniels.  Martin  Korski, 
Jacob  M.  Arvey.  Irwin  N.  Walker.  Lloyd 
David  Heth.  William  Scott  Stewart,  John  F. 
Cashen,  John  C.  Melaniphy,  Harold  P. 
O'Connell.  Thomas  F.  Reilly,  Samuel  A. 
Bristow.  Max  Daniels,  James  F.  Lyons. 
George  P.  Foster,  Jr..  Meyer  Kauffman. 
Michael  Kaveney.  Samuel  A.  Bristow,  Avern 
B.  Scolnik.  Frank  Souhrada. 

Duties  of  State's  Attorney— To  begin  and  prose- 
cute, in  courts  of  record  in  his  county,  all 
criminal  and  civil  actions  in  which  the  peo- 
ple of  the  state  or  county  may  be  concerned: 
to  prosecute  or  defend  (as  the  case  may  be) 
all  civil  actions  brought  by  or  against  hie 
county  or  any  county  officer  in  his  official 
capacity,  and  all  suits  which  it  may  become 
necessary  to  prosecute  or  defend  to  enforce 
the  collection  of  taxes:  to  give  his  opinion 
to  county  officers  and  justices  of  the  peace 
upon  questions  of  law  relating  to  matters 
in  which  the  people  are  concerned. 

RECORDER'S  OFFICE. 
County  building,   first  floor,   south  end. 

Recorder  of  Deeds— Joseph  F.  Haas,  E. 

Chief  Deputy— Harry   E.   Hoff. 

Chief  Clerk— Theodore  R.   Steinert. 

Duties — The  recorder  is  the  keeper  of  the  rec- 
ords, and  upon  the  filing  of  any  instrument 
in  writing  in  hig  office  entitled  to  be  re- 
corded he  must  spread  the  same  on  the 
record  books  provided  for  that  purpose  in 
the  order  of  the  time  of  filing.  He  is  also 
the  official  abstract  maker  for  Cook  county. 

REGISTRAR    OF   TITLES. 
County  building,  1st  floor,  south  end. 

Registrar  of  Titles— Joseph  F.   Haas,   R. 


SOS 


ALMANAC   AND'  YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920.- 


Chief  Deputy— Harry   E.  Hoff. 

Chief   Examiner   of  Titles— J.   Scott   Matthews. 

Examiners  of  Titles— Biake  C.  Smith,  Eugene 
Stewart,  Bazel  W.  Veirs,  Charles  S.  Frank. 

Examiner's  Assistant— John  A.   Senne. 

Chief  Clerk— Emil  J.  Heine. 

Duties— The  registrar  of  titles  is  the  respon- 
sible administrative  head  in  Cook  county  of 
the  system  of  land  title  registration,  com- 
monly known  as  the  Torrens  system,  where- 
by the  title  to  land  is  registered  and  the 
people  of  Cook  county  guarantee  that  the 
title  as  registered  is  correct,  thus  doing 
away  with  the  necessity  of  an  abstract  of 
title  and  affording  a  simple,  inexpensive  and 
speedy  means  for  transfer  of  title  to  real 
property. 

CIVIL  SERVICE  COMMISSION. 
Room  547  county  building. 

Commissioners — Harry  A.  Lipsky,  president; 
Ralph  L.  Peck,  secretary;  James  M.  Whelan. 

Assistant    Secretary— Walter  F.  Gallas. 

Department   Inspector— William   F.    Foehringer. 

Duties — The  commissioners  examine  applicants 
for  positions  in  the  county  service.  Before 
an  examination  is  held  fourteen  days'  notice 
is  given  by  advertisement.  The  rules  are 
practically  the  same  as  those  governing  other 
bodies  of  the  kind. 

JURY    COMMISSION. 
Room  824  county  building. 

Commissioners— Bernard  J.  Mullaney,  president; 
Charles  W.  Seinwerth,  secretary;  Joseph  H. 
Barnett. 

Clerk— Martin   Peterson. 

Duties — The  commissioners  are  required  to  pre- 
pare a  list  of  electors  qualified  to  act  as 
jurors,  to  select  names  from  such  list  and 
place  them  in  a  jury  box  and  a  grand  jury 
box.  and  to  be  present  when  the  names  of 
jurors  needed  at  each  term  of  court  are 
drawn. 

BOARD    OF    ASSESSORS. 
County  building-,  third  floor,  north  end. 

Members  of  the  Board— Michael  K.  Sheridan, 
D.;  William  H.  Weber.  R.;  Adam  Wolf.  R.; 
George  K.  Schmidt.  R.;  Charles  Krutckoff,  R. 

Chief  Clerk— Charles  Krutckoff. 

Duties— Fix  the  amount  of  assessment  on  all 
real  and  personal  property  according  to  the 
rate  required  by  law. 

BOARD   OF   REVIEW. 
County  building,  third  floor,  south  end. 

Members  of  Board— Edward  Litsinger,  R.;  P. 
A.  Nash,  D.;  Charles  V.  Barrett. 

Chief    Clerk— Stephen    D.    Griffin. 

Duties— The  board  of  review  takes  the  place  of 
the  old  town  board  in  revising  and  correcting 
the  findings  of  the  assessors  and  in  hearing 
and  adjusting-  complaints  of  property  owners. 
Decisions  of  the  board  of  review  are  final. 

COUNTY  INSTITUTIONS. 

In  Oak  Forest. 

Superintendent— Henry   L.   Bailey.    D. 
Duties — Has  general   management   of  infirmary 
or    poorhouse,    poor    farm    and    tuberculosis 
hospital. 

COUNTY  ARCHITECT. 
123  West  Madison  street. 
County  Architect— Eric  E.  Hall. 
Duties— The  county  architect  makes  designs  for 
new  buildings,   alterations   in   old   ones,   etc., 
as  required  by  the  county  board.      (Paid  in 
fees.) 

SUPERINTENDENT  OF  SCHOOLS. 

Room   506   county   building. 
Superintendent— Edward  J.  Tobin.  D. 
Duties— He  is  required  to  visit  each  school  in 
his  district  at  least  once  a  year,  to  see  that 
the   teachers   are   qualified    for   the   pe.form- 


ance    of    their   duties    and    to   do    all   in   his? 
power  to  increase   the  efficiency   and  elevate 
the  standards  of  the  schools. 
BUREAU    OF    SOCIAL    SERVICE    OF    COOK 

COUNTY. 

Room  1130  county  building. 
Superintendent — Miss  Katherine  Meade  (attend- 

Duties-^-Obtain  support  for  dependents  from  rel- 
atives legally  liable  for  their  care  and  main- 
tenance; investigate  all  cases  of  boys  be- 
tween ages  of  17  and  21  years  held  in  Crimi- 
nal court  pending  trial  and  present  report  to 
trial  judge;  investigate  insane  cases  heaid  in 
County  court;  investigate  all  health  cases  in 
Cook  county  outside  of  city  of  Chicago,  espe- 
cially emphasizing  tuberculosis. 

COUNTY  HOSPITAL. 
Harrison  and  Honore  streets. 

Warden— Michael  Zimmer,  D. 
Duties— Exercises  general  supervision  over  the 
county  hospital. 

COUNTY  AGENT'S  OFFICE. 

Main  office,  213-215  South  Peoria  street; 
branch  offices.  1736  West  North  avenue.  837 
West  47th  street,  8800  Houston  avenue,  229 
West  North  avenue.  3466  Archer  avenue. 
1655  Blue  Island  avenue.  2701  West  Roose- 
velt road,  221  East  115th  street. 

County  Agent — William   H.    Ehemann,  D. 

Duties — The  county  agent  is  responsible  to  the 
president  and  board  of  county  commissioners 
in  the  carrying  out  of  the  plans  for  the  re- 
lief of  the  poor  in  the  county  of  Cook.  He 
issues  monthly  rations  to  poor  families  found 
eligible  under  the  law.  and  provides  shoes  to 
needy  school  children.  He  furnishes  monthly 
rations  to  poor  families  of  veteran  soldiers, 
sailors  or  marines  who  have  served  in  the 
rebellion  and  Spanish-American  war.  He  un- 
dertakes the  return  of  nonresidents  and  alien 
paupers  to  their  legal  place  of  residence  and 
the  extradition  of  fathers  who  have  deserted 
their  families  when  found  and  warrant  is 
issued  for  their  arrest.  He  keeps  a  record 
of  and  passes  on  all  medical  and  institutional 
cases  admitted  to  the  county  hospital,  the 
Oak  Forest  infirmary  and  the  Oak  Forest 
tuberculosis  hospital.  He  furnishes  medical 
services  to  the  needy  poor  in  their  homes, 
through  the  medium  of  county  physician*. 
He  is  the  medium  whereby  blind,  deaf  and 
dumb  children  are  sent  to  the  state  school 
at  Jacksonville.  He  investigates  all  cases 
recommended  for  mothers'  pensions  and  su- 
pervises the  payment  of  same.  He  investi- 
gates all  applications  for  pensions  for  the 
blind  and  reports  on  eligibility  9f  applicants 
to  the  county  board  and  supervises  payment 
of  the  pensions.  He  authorizes  the  payment 
of  burial  expenses  of  deceased  indigent  or 
friendless  soldiers,  sailors  or  marines  and  all 
contagious  cases  of  the  poor.  He  interests 
himself  in  any  wrong  existing  or  being  per- 
petrated on  families  of  poor  to  which  his 
attention  is  called.  He  discovers  and  re- 
ports cases  of  nonsupport  by  husbands  or  rel- 
atives, desertion,  contribution  to  delinquency 
or  dependency  of  children  to  the  variout 
courts  having  jurisdiction. 

COUNTY   SURVEYOR. 
Room  726  county  building. 
County  Surveyor — Harry  Emerson.  R.          \ 
Duties-^Makes  official  surveys  of  either  public 
or  private  property  in  the  county.      (Paid  in 
fees.) 

COUNTY  PHYSICIAN. 
Office   in   Cook    County    psychopathic  hospital. 

Polk  and  Wood  streets. 

Duties— The  county  physician  is  the  superin- 
tendent and  psychiatrist  in  chief  of  the 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Cook  County  psychopathic  hospital.  He  su- 
pervises the  medical  treatment  of  the  pa- 
tients in  the  institution.  He  also  acts  as  an 
adviser  to  the  County  court  in  trials  lor  the 
insane. 

CORONER'S  OFFICE. 
Room   500    county   buildingr. 

Coroner— Peter  M.  Hoffman.  R. 

Chief  Deputy— David  R.  Jones. 

General  Clerk— Otto  Rexses. 

Deputy  Coroners — S.  L.  Davis.  Charles  Fitzner, 
C.  F.  Kennedy.  Peter  Seese.  M.  G.  Walsh,  J. 
J.  Dedrick,  Adolph  Herrmann,  B.  J.  Evans, 
John  Thumm,  George  Williston.  George  A. 
Webster,  George  Clark. 

Physicians— William  H.  Burraeister.  H.  G.  W. 
Reinhardt.  E.  R.  LeCount.  Joseph  Springer. 
Edward  Hatton,  James  P.  Simonds. 

Chemist— Dr.  William  D.  MoNally. 

Assistant  Chemist — J.  E.  Newcomb,  P.  L.  Has- 
brouck. 

Reporters— E.  E.  Wenger.  W.  C.  Yunker.  C.  E. 
Gilman.  David  T.  Richie,  Claude  Van  Fleet. 
W.  P.  Scanlon.  E.  L.  Drummond.  Charles  F. 
Hager.  E.  J.  M-almberg. 


SHERIFF'S  OFFICE. 
County  building,  4th  floor,  center. 
Sheriff— Charles  W.  Peters.  R. 
Chief  Deputy— H.  C.  W.  Laubenheimer.  R. 
Jailer— William  T.  Davies,  R. 
Duties— The  sheriff  seives  and  returns  all  writs, 
warrants,  processes,  orders  and  decrees  legal- 
ly directed  to  him.     He  is  the  conservator  of 
peace  in  his  county   and   may   arrest   offend- 
ers  on   view.      He   is  the   keeper  of  the   jail 
and  has  the  custody  of  prisoners.     It  is  also 
hit>  duty  to  attend  the  courts  of  record  of  the 
county  and  obey  their  orders. 

PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATOR. 

1412   Otis  building. 
Appointed  by  governor. 
Administrator— Gordon  A.  Ramsay. 
Attorney — Ward  B.  Sawyer. 

Duties— The  public  administrator  is  appointed 
by  the  governor  to  administer  the  estates  of 
deceased  persons  under  certain  conting  ncies 
regulated  by  the  statutes  of  the  state  of  Illi- 

1  CUSTODIAN  COUNTY   BUILDING. 

Room.  1026  county  building. 
Custodian— Albert  F.  Peters. 


DIRECTORY    OF    COUNTY    DEPARTMENTS    AND    COURTS. 


LOCATION   OF    COUNTY   BUILDINGS. 
Courthouse — Clark  street,  between  Washington 

and  Randolph:  south  side. 
County      Jail— North     Dearborn      and     Illinois 

streets:    north   side. 
Criminal   Court   Building— West   Austin   avenue 

and  North  Dearborn  street:  north  side. 
Children's    Hospital— Wood    street,    near    Polk; 

west  side. 
County  Hospital— Harrison  and  Honore  streets: 

west  side. 
County  Infirmary— Oak  Forest;  reached  by  the 

Rock  Island  railroad. 
County  Morgue— Wood  and  Polk  streets;  west 

side. 
Psychopathic  Hospital— Wood  and  Polk  streets; 

west   side. 
County   Agent— Main  office.   213   South  Peoria 

street:   west  side. 

Juvenile  Court — Room  1007  courthouse. 
Home  for  Delinquent  and  Dependent  Children— 

771  Ewing  street. 

IN  COURTHOUSE. 

Board  of  Assessors — Third  floor,   north  end. 
Board  of  Review— Third   floor,   south  end. 
County  Commissioners — Room  537. 
Committee  Clerk — Room  537. 


County     Treasurer— First     and     second     floors, 

north  end. 

County  Clerk — Second   floor,   south  end. 
County  Court — Room  603. 
County  Court  Clerk— Room  600. 
County  Comptroller— Room  511. 
County   Superintendent   of  Schools— Room  546. 
County  Surveyor— Room  726. 
Custodian— Room  1026. 
Coroner — Room  500. 

Civil   Service  Commissioners— Room  547. 
Circuit  Court— Seventh  floor. 
Circuit  Court  Clerk— Fourth  floor,  north  end. 
Jury   Commissioners — Room   824. 
President  County  Board— Room  523. 
Probate  Court — Sixth  floor. 
Probate  Court  Clerk— Sixth  floor. 
Sheriff — Fourth  floor,  center. 
Superintendent  of  Public  Service — Room  519. 
Superior  Court— Eighth    floor. 
Superior  Court  Clerk— Fourth  floor,  south  end. 

CRIMINAL  COURT  BUILDING. 
Criminal  Court  Clerk — First    floor. 
Criminal  Courts— Third,  fourth  and  fifth  floors. 
Sheriff    (Bailiffs)    in  Charge  of  Criminal  Court 

— First  floor. 

Grand  Jury  Assembly  Room — Second  floor. 
State's  Attorney— Second  floor. 


ILLINOIS  CHAPTER  OF  AMERICAN  LEGION. 

Officers.  1919-1920. 


Commander— Milton  J.  Foreman.  Chicago. 

Vice-Commander — William  R.  McCauley.  Olney. 

Adjutant— Earl    B.    Searcey,    Spring-field. 

Medical  Officer — Dr.  Thomas  Know,  Quincy. 

Insurance  Officer — Grover  S.  Sexton.  Chicago. 

Vocational  Education  Officer— Dr.  H.  S.  Sulli- 
van. Chicago. 

Senior  Chaplain — Rev.  Frank  D.  Adams.  Urbana. 

Sergeant    at   Arms — Charles    G.    Green,    Aurora. 

State  Board  of  Directors— Roger  .Fiery.  Charles 
Roth.  F.  B.  Flannery.  Barratt  O'Hara.  and 


Miss  Ellen  Martin.  Chicago:  William  D. 
Knight.  Rockford:  Pence  B.  Orr.  Joliet:  B.  A. 
Cootlow.  Oregon:  D.  J.  Meyers.  Pontiac;  Rob- 
ert W  Weber,  Urbana :  Leo  G  Hana.  Peo- 
ria: W.  L.  Kelly.  Shelby ville;  R.  V.  Guston. 
East  St.  Louis:  H.  F.  Lewis.  Murphysboro: 
and  John  A.  Steele  of  McLeansboro. 

Headquarters — Springfield. 

Conventions — First  convention  held  in  Peoria 
Oct.  17-18.  1919.  Convention  of  1920  to 
be  held  in  Chicago.  » 


CENTRAL  DEPARTMENT,  U.  S.  ARMY. 

Commander — Maj.-Gen.  Leonard  Wood.  i  Surgeon — Coli  Champe  C.  McCulloch,   Jr. 

Aid-de-camp — Capt.  Landon  Thomas.  i  Engineer — Col.   John   Mjllis. 

Aid-de-camp — Second  Lieut.  Osborne  C.  Wood. 

Aid -de-camp— Lieut.  W.  E.  Stanley. 

Chief  of  Staff— Col.  Evan  H.  Humphrey. 

Adjutant — Col.   Ralph   Harrison. 

Inspector — Col.  Alexander  L.  Dade. 

Judge    Advocate — Lieut.    Col.    Edwin    O.    Saun 

ders. 
Quartermaster — Col.   Chauncey  B.   Baker. 


Ordnance  Officer — Col.  Everett  S.  Hughes. 

Signal  Officer— Col.  Leonard  D.  Wildman. 

Air   Service  Officer — Lieut. -Col.    Joseph  C.  Mor- 
row. 

!  Officer  in  Charge  of  Militia  Affairs— Col.  B.  B. 
Devore. 

Headquarters 


-230  East  Ohio  street,  Chicago. 


870 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


SALARIES 


COUNTY  BOARD 

President  $9,000 

Commissioners,  14  at...   5,000 
Secretary  to  president..   3.000 

Committee    clerk 3,000 

Stenographers,  3,  each.    1.410 

Investigator    2.500 

COMPTROLLER. 
Comptroller  (see  county  clerk). 

Deputy  comptroller $6,000 

Chief  clerk 3.000 

Auditor 2.500 

Accountants.  2  at 1.980 

Cashiers.  2  at 1.800 

Bookkeeper 1.980 

Clerks,  $1,500  to 1.800 

Stenographer   1.615 

SUPERINTENDENT    PUBLIC 
SERVICE. 

Superintendent    $6.000 

Head  clerk 3.000 

Inspector  purchases 2,700 

Principal   bookkeeper,  .    1,770 

Buyer    1,800 

Storekeeper    1.488 

Supt.  mechanics 3.300 

Chief    electrician 2,505 

NOTE — Mechanics     are     paid 
prevailing  union  wages. 
SHERIFF. 

Sheriff  $9.960 

Chief   deputy 4,000 

Chief  bailiffs.  2  at 2.400 

Assistant  bailiffs.  2  at.    1,762 

Real  estate  clerk 1,980 

Cashier  1.800 

Summons   clerk 1,800 

Execution    clerk 1.800 

Clerks.  $1.200  to 1,500 

Deputy  sheriffs,  26  at..  2,000 

Bailiffs.   125  at 1.560 

Criminal  Court  Building. 

Custodian   $2.100 

Chief  engineer 2.400 

Electrician    2,325 

Plumber  2,325 

Steamfitter    2.325 

County  Jail.    , 

Jailer  $2,500 

Assistant  jailers.  3  at..  1.800 

Storekeeper  1,410 

Physician   1.615 

Matrons.   3   at 1,095 

Engineer    2,137 

Jail   guards    (per   mo.). 

$110    to 120 

County  Building. 
Custodian   $3.000 


OF    COOK    COUNTY    OFFICIALS   AND    EMPLOYES     (1919). 

Yearly  except  where  otherwise  specified. 


Assistant    custodian     .  .    1,615 

Chief  engineer 2,750 

Steamfitter     2,325 

Plumber     2,325 

Electrician     2,325 

Elevator  starters,  2  at.    1,410 
Elevator   men,    18    at .  .    1,287 
CIVIL    SERVICE    COMMIS- 
SION. 

President  $1,500 

Commissioners.  2  at 1.500 

Chief  examiner 2.000 

Principal    examiner 2,000 

Senior     clerk 

Principal  clerk 1,677 

BOARD  OF  ASSESSORS. 

Assessors,    3    at $7,000 

Assessors,     3     at 5.000 

Attorney    3  600 

Chief  clerk 4,000 

Assistant  chief  clerk....    3.000 


Chief    draftsman    $1.741 

Real    estate    expert    ...    1,950 

Surveyor 1.950 

Chief   docket    clerk 1.920 

Clerks.  $1.000  to 2.100 

BOARD   OF   REVIEW. 


Members.   3  at $7,000 

Chief   clerk 4.000 

Assistant  chief  clerk. . .    3.000 

Attorney  for  board 3.600 

Principal  clerk 2,100 

Real  estate  expert 3,000 

COUNTY    TREASURER. 

Treasurer     $9,960 

Assistant   treasurer 6,000 

Chief   clerk 3,600 

Auditor    3.000 

Head  bookkeeper    3,300 

Head  cashier 2,700 

Head  clerk  2.700 

Secretary    to    treasurer.  2,400 
Clerks  $110  (per  mo)  to       150 

COUNTY  CLERK. 

County    clerk $9.000 

Private  secretary 1.612 

Chief  deputy  3.600 

Chief  clerk    3.000 

Cashier  2,520 

Chief  tax  extension 3,600 

Head  clerk   2.400 

Head  bookkeeper    2.520 

RECORDER. 

Recorder    $9,000 

Chief  deputy   3,600 

Chief  clerk 2.700 

Publicity  Division. 

Principal  clerk $1,800 

Senior     clerk 1,612 

Recording  Division. 

Cashier  $1,980 

Teller     1.770 

Bookkeeper   1,667 

Abstract  Department. 

Chief  clerk $2.400 

Re  transcribing  Department. 

Head  clerk $2.400 

Senior    clerk    1,762 

Principal  clerk 1,800 

Torrens  Department. 
Attorney  and  examiner.$4.000 
Attorney  and  examiner.  3.600 
Attorney  and  examiner.  3.000 
Attorney    and   ex.,  2  at.    2.500 

Chief   clerk 3.000 

CIRCUIT    COURT    CLERK. 

Clerk   of  court $9,000 

Chief   deputy ..   3.000 

Chief    clerk 2,100 

Principal    clerk     1.800 

Cashier 1.800 

SUPERIOR   COURT   CLERK. 

Clerk    of   court $9.000 

Chief  deputy 3.000 

Chief  clerk 2.100 

Principal   clerk 1,800 

Cashier  1,800 

CLERK  COUNTY  COURT. 

S     Chief   clerk $3.000 

Cashier   1.800 

Principal    clerk    1,800 

PROBATE  COURT  CLERK. 
Clerk   Probate   court. .  .  .30  000 

Assistant  to  judge 3.600 

Assts.  to  judge,  3  at...    3,300 
Chief  clerk 3000 


Valuation    expert. ...'.'.'.'  2,200  |  Principal    clerk 


2,400 


CRIMINAL  COURT  CLERK. 
Clerk  Criminal  court...  .$9.000 

Chief   deputy 3.000 

Chief   clerk 2,400 

Cashier  1.800 

STATE'S   ATTORNEY. 

State's    attorney $11.600 

Assistant   7,000 

Assistant    6.500 

Assistants,   2   at 5.500 

Assistants,   3  at 4,800 

Assistants.   6  at 4.500 

Assistants.   6  at 4,000 

Assistants,    5   at 3.600 

Assistants,   12   at 3,000 

Assistants,    11   at 2,400 

Assistants,   5  at 2,000 

Secretary   4,000 

Investigator 2,400 

Chief  court  reporter. . .  3,000 
Assistant  chief  reporter  2,000 
Court  reporters.  4  at.  .  1.860 

COUNTY   INSTITUTIONS. 
At  Oak  Forest. 

Superintendent    $3,600 

Asst.   superintendent 2.400 

Head  physician 2,100 

Supervisor    1.920 

Druggist      1,741 

Chief  engineeer 2,200 

Wages  of  minor  employes 
run  from  $30.25  to  $125  a 
month.  Nurses  get  from 
$41.25  to  $150  a  month. 
Nearly  all  are  provided  with 
board  and  lodging-  and  laun- 
dry service  free. 

At   County  Hospital. 

Warden  $3.600 

County  physician 3,500 

Assistant   warden 3,300 

Assistant  warden 2,800 

Palho3ogist     2,400 

Radiographer    2.400 

Principal  clerk 2,100 

Chief  engineer 2.200 

Nurses  (per  mo.)  $82  to       125 

Board,  etc.,  is  in  some  cases 
free. 
BUREAU    SOCIAL    SERVICE. 

fiunerintemlent     $2.400 

Assistant  supt 1.800 

Supervisor    1.488 

Head    nurse    1,488 

COUNTY    AGENT. 

County  agent $4.500 

Assistant   agent 2,500 

Assistant  agents,  8  at.  .    1,800 

Deporting   agent 1,980 

G.  A.  R.  Relief. 

Superintendent     $1,320 

Secretary     990 

Visitors.    2     at 792 

Stenographer     792 

DELINQUENT     HOME. 
Physician     .                  ...$2.400 
Matron     1,712 

JUVENILE    COURT. 
Director  (psychopathic)  $5. 000 

Assistant  (woman) 5,000 

PROBATION   OFFICERS, 
hief    probation   officer. $3, 000 
Probation     officers, 

$1,320    to     2,100 

JURY  COMMISSION. 

Commissioners,   3  at $1,500 

Principal   clerk 1.800 

Clerks.     $1,320     to 1.440 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


871 


SUPT.    OF    SCHOOLS. 

Superintendent    *$7,500 

Supervisors.  3  at 2,160 

Supervisors.  2  at 2.100 

•Paid  by  state. 

ELECTION  COMMISSION. 

Commissioners.  3  at $4,000 

Chief   clerk 5,000 

Assistant  chief  clerk...   3,000 


CORONER. 

Coroner    \... $9,000 

Chief  deputy 3.600 

Statistician    1.712 

Morgue  Keeper   1,712 

Deputies,   10  at 2,000 

SUPT.    OF    HIGHWAYS. 

Superintendent    $5,000 

Assistant  engineer 2,700 

Assistant    engineer 2.100 


JUDGES. 

Circuit  judges.  20  at.. $10.000 
Superior  court   judges, 

19    at *12.000 

Superior    court    judge. 

1    at     tlO.OOO 

County    court    judge..    12,000 
Probate    court   judge..   12,000 


"$7,000  from  county  and  $5,000  from  state.     t$5.000  from  county  and  $5,000  from  state. 
COOK    CO,UNTY   APPROPRIATIONS   FOR  1919 


Advertising   fund. 

Assessment     lists 

Bank    investigation 

Bridge  fund 

Budget  fund 

Change    of    venue    fund 

Children's   outing   fund 

Coroner's     fund... 


$1,500.00 
8,000.00 
5,000.00 
20,000.00 
500.00 
10,000.00 
3,000.00 
5  000  00 
County  bonds   fund 1,532,784.13 


County    treasurer's    bond    fund.  . 

Deportation  fund 

Dieting    jurors    fund 

Election    fund 

Emergency    hospital 

Furniture,    etc 

Gas    litigation 

General    road    fund 


20,000.00 
1.500.00 

20,000.00 

15,000.00 
800.00 

81,000.00 
7,000.00 

30,000.00 


General    supply    fund 1,039,000.00 

Hard    roads    fund 348,093.98 

Hospital    building   fund 13,128.10 

Hospital    nursing 273,000.00 


Industrial    schools. 

Insurance    fund 

Judgment   fund   

Jurors'  fund 

Liabilities     outstanding.... 

Light,    heat,    power 

Maywood  home 

Miscellaneous 


300,000.00 
800.00 
2,577.62 
155,000.00 
682,802.85 
276,200.00 
600.00 
________________  ...................          18,514.29 

Mothers'  pensions  ................       260,000.00 


Operating   expense 

Office    supplies    ................. 

Outdoor    relief  ................... 

Postage    fund    ............. 

President's    fund  .................. 

Printing     proceedings  ............ 

Relief    for    blind  ................. 

Returning  fugitives 


28,100.00 
112,747.65 
30,000.00 
17,500.00 
10,000.00 
10,000.00 
47,000.00 
1,000.00 
Roads   fund  ......................       951,858.97 

Salaries   and   wages  ..............    5,384,292.97 

School    for  boys  .................         35,000.00 

Special  assessment  ...............  6.500.00 

State    aid    roads  .................       121,038.56 

State's   attorney's  fund  ..........          60,000.00 

State  institutions  .................         17.000.00 

Street    railway    litigation  ........  7,000.00 

Telephone    fund  ..................          18,000.00 

Transportation    ..................  3,000.00 

Transportation     prisoners  ........  9,000.00 

Witness  fees  .....................  __  8.000.00 

Total     ........................  12,007.838.22 

SALARIES    AND    WAGES. 
County    board  ...................       $92,355.00 

Comptroller    .....................         38,29000 

Superintendent   public  service...         39,546.00 
Mechanics    ....................       177,208.90 

Sheriff—  County   building  ..........       245,220.90 

Civil    service    commission  .......          16.574.00 


Total    administration 609,194.80 

'Including  quick  assets,  etc. 


SHERIFFS    OF    COOK 

1871-1874— Timothy  M.    Bradley,   Rep. 
1874-1876 — Francis   Agnew,   Peo. 
1876-1878— Charles   Kern.   Dem. 
1878-1880— John  Hoffman.  Rep. 
1880-1882— O.  L.   Mann,   Rep. 
1882-1886*— Seth  F.  Hanchett,  Rep. 
1886-1890-^anute  R.  Matson.  Kep. 
1890-1894— James  H.  Gilbert,  Rep. 
1894-1898— James  Pease, t  Rep. 


Board    of    assessors    $347.630.50 

Country    towns 31.775.00 

Board  of  review...  165.302.50 


County    treasurer 


485,824.00 


County   clerk 401.657.50 

Total  tax  division...  .    1,432,189.50 


Recorder 


184,508.46 


Abstract    department 188,946.00 


Torrens     department 

Circuit    court    clerk 

Superior  court   clerk 

County  court  clerk 

Probate    court    clerk 

Sheriff — General     office 

Jury    commissioners 

Election     commissioners 

Coroner    

Judiciary 

Total  civil  courts  1,454,620.06 

Clerk   Criminal   court 79,437.00 

State's     attorney 269,446.50 

75,813.30 
130,576.80 


63.486.50 
104,166.60 
76,151.00 
49,551.00 
99,897.00 
295,379.00 
22,012.60 
20,000.00 
88,523.00 
262.000.00 


Sheriff — Criminal  court  building. 

Sheriff— Jail 

Total   Criminal  court 555,273.60 

Oak     Forest     institutions 264,407.25 

County   hospital 549,684.65 


County   agent,    regular 

Physicians     

G.  A.  R.  relief 

Home  for  delinquents 

Juvenile  court  probation  officers. 


Superintendent    schools... 

Adult    probation    office 

Social  service  bureau 

Total   charitable,   etc 

Superintendent    of  highways — 


120,309.25 
20.000.00 
4,686.00 
58,212.75 
168,050.50 
15,987.46 
35,623.00 
37.741.50 
1,274,712.36 

58,301.75 


Total    salaries 5,384,292.97 

ESTIMATED    RESOURCES. 
Fiscal  year  1919. 

All  taxes ' $7,243,855.32 

Fee  Offices. 

County   treasurer 1,500,000.00 

County  clerk 475,000.00 

Recorder     250,000.00 

Abstract    department 15,000.00 

Torrens    department 50.000.00 

Circuit  court   clerk 145,000.00 

Superior   court   clerk 95,000,00 

County  court  clerk 55,000.00  - 

Probate   court   clerk 155,000.00 

Sheriff    110,000.00 

Miscellaneous    38,00000 


Total' 


.12,007.635.22 


COUNTY    (1871-1930). 

I  1898-1902— Ernest  J.   Magerstadt,  Rep. 
1902-1906— Thomas   E.    Barrett.   Dem. 
1906-1910— Christopher  Strassheim.  Rep. 
1910-1914— Michael  Zimmer,  Dem. 
1914-1918— John  E.  Traeger.  Dem. 
1918-1922— Charles  W.  Peters.  Rep. 

*Term    changed    from    two    to    four    years. 

tAlso  appointed  to   serve  unexpired  term  of 
Thomas  E.  Barrett,  who  died  in  March.   1906. 


872 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


COOK  COUNTY  FINANCES. 

[From  Comptroller  Robert  M.   Sweitzer's   annual    report  for   the   fiscal   year   ended   Nov.    30, 
1918.   and  brought  down  to  Jan.  8.  1919.] 


GENERAL  BALANCE  SHEET. 

Assets. 
Capital   assets — 

Remunerative  real  estate $9.700.00 

Unremunerative    real    estate 3,777,564.19 

Buildings   and   equipment 5,165,590.44 

Roads,    equipment 27,713.76 

Roads,   improvements 1,465,486.45 

Hard  road  bonds 1.340,387.55 

Cash  in  hand  of  treasurer 13.128.10 


Total    capital    assets 21,799,570.49 

Current  assets — 

Cash  in  hand  of  treasurer  624.796.23 

Taxes    2,623.289.24 

Delinquent  taxes 2,739.309.84 

Uncollected   fees 1,332.851.07 

Accounts  receivable  389,666.33 

Supply  department  945.64 


Total  current    assets 7.710,858.35 

Contingent  assets — 

Cash  in   hands  of   treasurer 19.816.97 

Trust    fund    securities 51,421.41 


Total  contingent  assets 71,238.38 

Grand  tola]  29,581.667.22 

Liabilities. 
Capital   liabilities- 
Funded    debt 9.715.000.00 

Capital    surplus    12,084,570.49 


EXPENSES   BY  DIVISIONS. 
To  Nov.  30.  1918. 

Administration    $659.897.48 

Taxation  and  collection  1,190,553.73 

Civil    courts    1,788.307.60 

Criminal  courts  833,589.89 

Charitable   and  educational 3.369.280. '< 

General  546.659.20 

Total   corporate   operating 8,288.288.64 

Liquidation  deferred  liabilities..  1,406.989.51 

Store  room  fund  619.22 

Total  other  corporate  1,407.608.73 

County  hospital   150,011.74 

Hard  roads  fund  576.298.14 

Hard  ro?d   salary   50.238.83 


Total   special    appropriations..         776,548.71 
Total  by  divisions  10.472.446.08 

EXPENSES   BY   FUNDS. 
Salaries  and  wages   ..  ..    $4.429. 073.45 


Judges'  salaries. 

Extra    judges    

Office   supplies  and  expense 

General   supply    

Light,  heat  and  power  

Furniture  and  repair  

Operating  expense  

Bonds 


Total   capital   liabilities 21,799.570.49 

Current   liabilities- 
Warrants  outstanding    137,046.93 

Audited  vouchers  072,803.85 

Bond  and  interest  account 196.367.86 

Uncompleted  contracts    401.868.98 

Tax  error  and  rebate  fund 325.000.00 

Delinquent  taxes  1.441.605.48 

Uncollected  fees  1.013.590.81 

Revenue  surplus   3,522,574.44 


7,710.858.35 
71,238.38 


Total    current    liabilities 
Contingent  liabilities    

Grand    total    29.581,667.22 

CORPORATE    SURPLUS  ACCOUNT. 

To  Nov.  30.  1918. 

Revenue. 

1918  taxes  extended  $7,023,289.24 

Interest  on  delinquent  taxes   ...         200,295.64 

Interest  on  tax  forfeitures  1,825.85 

Forfeiture  redemptions  315.64 

Fee  offices  2,615.054.21 

Tavern  licenses  2,491.65 

Miscellaneous     39.340.01 


Gross  revenue  9.882,612.24 

Deductions- 
Reserved  for  Uncollected  fees...  64,900.21 

Torrens    indemnity    fund 2,753.40 

Abstract  guaranty  fund 761.73 

Expenses  paid  by  fee  offices,  etc.  58.153.90 

Total  126.569.24 

Total  net   revenue   9.756,043.00 

Expenses 

Administration  667.507.29 

Taxation  and  collection  1.201,362.24 

Civil   courts   2,244,492.56 

Criminal  courts  933,714.63 

Charitable   and  educational    ....  3.307,697.21 

General  division   782.106.18 

Uncompleted  contracts   401.868.98 

Total   operating   expenses 9,538.749.09 

Bonds   matured   1,057,500.00 

Additions  to  property 85,150.42 


257,432.78 
16.520.00 
102.117.18 
1,087.268.83 
272.201.78 
50.900.45 
25.347.45 
1,113,000.00 
385.062.50 


Interest    

Miscellaneous    1.684.431.47 

Hospital     building     150.011.74 

State  aid  roads  55.022.31 

Hard  roads  576.208.14 

Outdoor  relief  32.798.98 

Liabilities  outstanding   234.959.42 

Total  by  funds 10,472,446.08 

EXPENDITURES   AND   LIABILITIES   IN 

DETAIL. 

To  Nov.  30,  1918. 
Administration  Division. 

Salaries— Commissioners     $69,047.38 

Comptroller    37.565.34 

Supt.  public  service,  regular...  37.373.13 

Supt.  public  service,  mechanics         151,129.05 

Sheriff,  county  building  219.789.45 

Civil    service   commissioners...  14,754.52 

Civil  service  commiss..  extra.  380.0( 

Total, 

Supplies — Commissioners  

Comptroller     

Superintendent    public    service 

Sheriff,  county  building  

Civil  service    commissioners... 


Total 


Supplies,  county  building 

Light,  heat,  power,  county  bldg. 
Furn.  and  repair,  county  bldg... 
Operating  expense,  county  bldg. 

Advertising    

Budget    

Insurance  

President's    fund    

Postage  fund    

Telephone   fund    


Total  expenses  10.681.399.51 

Excess  of  expense  925,35651 

Surplus  as  of  Nov.  30.  1918....      3.522,574.44 


Total   

Total  administration  division.. 


530,038.87 
402.35 
1.759.55 
1,188.97 
18.52 
437.22 

3.806.61 

15.770.17 

43.047.96 

16.338.98 

3,019.83 

1,371.48 

500.00 

2.267.10 

6.000.00 

17,250.48 

17.748.99 

2,730.92 

126.052.00 
659.897.48 


Taxation    and    Collection    Division. 
Salaries — 
Board  of  assessors,    regular...         149.275.42 

Board  of  assessors,  extfa    78.892.50 

Bd.  of  assessors,  country  towns  20,350.00 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


873 


Board    of   review,    regular $81,260.39 

Board  of  review,  extra  37,192.00 

County  treasurer,  regular  192,778.13 

County  treasurer,  extra  260.102.00 

County  clerk,  regular  185,591.86 

County  clerk,   extra    127,567.75 


Total    , 

Supplies— Board   of  assessors. 

Board  of  review , 

Oountv   treasurer   

County  clerk   


1*136.010.05 

7,622.26 

1.598.17 

29.721.11 

8,013.34 


Total  

Assessment  lists  fund 


Total  taxation  division  

Civil  Courts  Division. 

Salaries — Recorder,  regular  

Recorder,  folio  writers 

Recorder,   abstract  department 
Recorder.  Torrens  department. 

Clerk  Circuit  court 

Clerk  Superior  court 

Clerk   County   court 

Clerk   Probate   court 

Sheriff — General  office  

Jury    commissioners    

Election  commissioners 

Coroner     


46,954.88 
7,588.80 


1,190.553.73 


90.552.51 
77.510.95 

162.851.73 
51,012.39 
96.591.20 
70,435.99 
46.707.05 
94.186.93 

279.911.89 
20.430.87 
19,999.80 
83.297.04 


Total    . 


Supplies — Recorder   

Clerk  Circuit  court  .. 
Clerk  Superior  court 

Clerk  County  court 

Clerk  Probate  court  .. 
Sheriff— General  office 
Jury  commissioners  .. 
Coroner  


1.093.488.35 

13.670.84 

6.267.79 

3.215.37 

1.444.56 

4.425.17 

1,306.47 

708.97 

1,126.67 


Total  32,165.84 

Judiciary— Salaries    257,432.78 

Extra   judges.    Circuit  court...  7.810.00 

Extra  judges.  County  court....  7.500.00 

Extra  judges.  Probate  court...  1,210.00 

Total     '. 273,952.78 

Less  judges  Criminal  courts 32,581.99 

Total  judges  civil  court 241,370.79 

Coroner's   fund    13,938.54 

Election  fund  287,337.33 

Operating-     expenses,     clerk     of 

Probate   court    7.00 

Jurors  221.464.95 

Jurors    (less   criminal    division)  421,282.62 

Total  civil  courts  division 1,788,307.60 

Criminal  Courts  Division. 

Salaries— Clerk   Criminal  court..  74.641.67 

State's  attorney,   regular 259,755.87 

State's    attorney,    extra 2.274.03 

Sheriff,    Criminal   court   bldg. .  66.836.57 

Sheriff,   jail   103.700.10 

To t al 507,208.24 

General    supplies — 

Sheriff,    Criminal  court    3,010.63 

Sheriff,    jail    7,976.71 

County  jail,  dieting-  prisoners.  41,869.90 

Total 52,857.24 

Office  supplies- 
Clerk  Criminal  court 2,345.61 

State's   attorney   3,843.98 

Sheriff,    Criminal   court    bldg:..  8.00 

Sheriff,  jail    422.15 

Total     6.619.74 

Light,  heat  and  power,  Crim.  ct.  24.516.27 

Light,  heat  and  power,  jail 269.84 

Furniture   and  repair,   Crim.    ct.  2,088.56 

Furniture  and  repair,  jail 1,296.87 


Operating-  exp.,  Crim.  ct.  bldg..  $859.27 

Operating-   expense,    jail 738.65 

Transportation    of    prisoners 7,646.68 

Change  of  venue  fund 6,149.70 

State's    attorney's    fund 100,032.61 

Additional    judges    32.581.99 

Additional    jurors    66,153.70 

Witness  fees   6,914.78 

Dieting  jurors   17,655.75 


1,094,461.89 

392.431.64 

351,956.94 

249,684.81 

23,948.81 


Total    266.904.67 

Total  Criminal  courts  division  833,589.89 

Charitable   and  Educational  Division. 

Salaries— Oak  Forest  institutions  211.089.65 

County    hospital     478,053.95 

County  agent,  regular 106,803.74 

Cdunty  agent,  physicians 16,434.00 

County   agent,   G.  A.   R 4,557.95 

Home  for  delinquents 46,079.85 

Juvenile    probation    officers 149.851.76 

Superintendent     of     schools 13.562.32 

Supt.  of  schools,  extra 2,250.00 

Adult   probation   officers 32.400.96 

Bureau  social  service 33,377.71 

Total    

General  supplies — 

Oak    Forest    institutions 

County  hospital   

County    agent    

Home  for  delinquents  

Total 

Light,  heat  and  power — 

Oak  Forest  

County  hospital   

County  agent    

Home  for  delinquents 

Total  

Furniture  and  repairs- 
County  hospital  

Oak  Forest  institutions 

County  agent   

Home  for  delinquents  

Total    !  31,175.64 

Operating  expenses — 

Oak    Forest    institutions 2,117.29 

County    hospital    4,041.27 

County  agent  12.993.66 

Home  for  delinquents    1,570.48 

Total    "  20,722.70 

Office  supplies — 

Oak    Forest   institutions 1,093.64 

County    hospital    4,051.58 

Home  for  delinquents  169.06 

County  agent   1,383.18 

Juvenile    court    1,769.23 

Superintendent    of    schools 2,195.57 

Adult    probation    office 594.82 

Bureau  of   social  service 761.98 

Total    

Mothers'  pensions  

Outdoor  relief   

Deportation    

Hospital    nursing    

Industrial   schp9ls   

Returning  fugitives 

State  institutions  

Maywood  home  

Relief   for   the  blind 

Emergency  hospital   

School   for  boys 

Children's  outings   


1,018,022.20 

75,007.30 

123,829.02 

1,114.76 

4,416.63 

204,367.71 

15,496  84 

14,030.85 

142.50 

1,505.45 


12,019.06 

260.445.59 

32,798.98 

1.154.42 

249,610.10 

270,000.00 

619.69 

9,427.86 

576.00 

41,459.75 

433.12 

19.095.65 

2,890.38 


Total    

Total  char,   and  educat.   div.. 


888.511.54 
3,269,280.74 
RECEIPTS  IN  DETAIL. 
General    fund   account   Nov.    30,    1918. 
From  Fee   Offices. 

County  treasurer   $1,304,418.88 

County  clerk  359,246.26 


874 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Recorder    

Recorder— Abstract    department. 

Recorder— Registrar    

Clerk  of  Circuit  court 

Clerk  of  Superior  court 

Clerk  of  County  court 

Clerk  of  Probate  court 

Sheriff     

Coroner  

State's   attorney    


$213,443.75 

14,473.02 

44,667.75 

133,777.90 

83,370.82 

49,711.90 

144,780.05 

127,466.72 

367.70 

42,472.89 


From    Taxes. 

General    taxes.    1917    

Delinquent— Int.   on  taxes, 

Forfeiture  redemptions    

Tax  levy  loans,  1918  taxes 

Int.   on  forfeitures 

Int.   on  delinquent    taxes 

Tax  levy  loans,   1917  taxes... 
Miscellaneous   

Total  receipts 


$7,320,259.00 
1916         160.295.64 
315.64 
4,400,000.00 
1.825.85 
40,000.00 
60,000.00 
89.609.75 


14,597,800.04 

Disbursements    14,297,416.73 

Balance     300,383.31 


$37.500.00 
115.000.00 
125.000.00 
312.500.00 
175.000.00 


Total    2,518.197.64 

BONDED  DEBT  OF  COOK  COUNTY. 

Dec.   31.    1918.  Outstanding;. 

Refunding-    courthouse    bonds,    1879 

Refunding:  war  bonds 

Building-  purposes    

Cook  county  bonds  

Refunding-  bonds  

New  courthouse  building-  bonds 1,750,000.00 

Infirmary   building-   bonds 1.000.000.00 

New  county  hospital  bonds 1.950.000.00 

Detention   hospital  bonds 250.000.00 

Infirmary    building's    and   cemetery    bonds   750.000.00 

New  county  hospital  pavilions,  etc..  bonds 850.000.00 

Hard  road  bonds  1.400.000.00 

Road  bonds  1.000.000.00 

Total 9,715.000.00      1,157.500.00 


Due  an. 
$37,500.00 
57.500.00 
25,000.00 
62,500.00 
25,000.00 
250,000.00 
100.000.00 
150.000.00 
50,000.00 
50,000.00 
50.000.00 
200.000.00 
100.000.00 


Lim. 
1920 
1920 
1923 
1923 
1925 
1925 
1928 
1931 
1923 
1933 
1935 
1925 
1938 


The  interest  rate  is  4  per  cent  except  on  the 
building-  purposes  bonds,  where  it  is  3%  per 
cent. 

The  state  constitution  provides  that  the 
FIXED 


county  authorities  shall  never  assess  taxes 
the  ag-greg-ate  of  which  shall  exceed  75  cents 
per  $100  valuation  unless  authorized  by  a 
vote  of  the  people  of  the  county. 

ASSETS    OF    COOK    COUNTY. 

As   of   Nov.    30,    1918. 


43d  street  and  Ellis  avenue  
Courthouse    . 

Real  estate. 
$9,700.00 
3  1°3  059  00 

Buildings. 
$4  870  788  27 

Equipment. 
$548  615  72 

Total. 
$9,700.00 
8  542,528.74 

Crim.   court   building1   and   jail.. 
Juvenile    court    building-  

203,600.00 
25  000  00 

386.080.00 
57  569  86 

1,700.00 

594.292.62 
82,631.31 

Oak   Forest    institutions 

62  918  16 

2  8°0  035  83 

46  935  00 

2,931.967.81 

County  hospital    

362  987  03    ' 

5  886  579  69 

37  701  46 

6.291,033.89 

New    detention    hospital  

483  759.91 

16,929.79 

500,700.26 

Roads  —  Machinery 

27  713  76 

27.713.76 

Hard  roads  —  Improvements  

1.465,486.45 

Total  3,777,564.19    14,504.813.56    679,595.73    20.436,354.84 

461 
8.033 
4.806 
3.694 
836 
276 
569 
568 

19.111 
369 

1,144 

2.009 
679 
643 
917 

2,456 
418 

1.702 
312 
441 
552 

1,065 
334 

2,161 
949 
359 

1,030 
309 

4.948 
905 
260 

4.943 

3,168 

*Partly  in  Lake  county.  tPartly  in  Kane  county.  ^Partly  in  Will  county.  §Population  in 
1912.  26.253. 


.   BY   TOWNSH 

POPU1 

IPS. 
1,953 
5  841 

CATION   OF   COOK 

BY  CITIES  AND 
Arlington  Heights 
Barrington*  
Bartlett  
Bellwood  

COUNTY    (] 

VILLAGES. 
1.943 
1,144 
408 
943 

L910)  . 

Matteson  

Berwyn   .  .         ... 

Melrose  Park  

Bloom 

18  339 

Morgan    Park  

Bremen  

1,898 

Morton  Grove  
Mount  Greenwood.  .  . 

Niles                       .  . 

Calumet     
Cicero 

8.881 
14  557 

Berwyn 

i           5  841 

Blue  Island 

8  043 

Elk  Grove 

1  302 

Brookfield  
Burnham 

2,186 
328 

Evanston  

690 

Oak   Lawn       

Hanover 

1  649 

Chicag-o 

2  185  283 

Oak   Park                .... 

Lemont 

4  296 

Chicago  Heights.. 
Cicero 

14.525 
14  557 

Orland  Park  
Palatine    
Park    Ridge    

Leyden  

Lyons    . 

2.813 
11  289 

Des  Plaines  
Dolton 

2,348 
1  869 

Maine 

7  193 

Phoenix                    .... 

New  Trier  
Niles  .  . 

.       12,532 
4  203 

Edison  Park 

543 

Posen    
Riverdale    
River   Forest 

Elgin  t 

25  976 

Northfield    
Norwood  Park  
Oak   Park  
Orland   .  . 

2,675 
6.251 
19,444 
1  230 

Evanston§  
Evergreen  Park.  . 
Forest  Park 

24,978 
424 
6  594 

River   Grove  

Riverside  
Riverview    

Franklin  Park.... 
Glen  View  
Glencoe  

683 
652 
1  899 

Palatine 

2  147 

Palos  

1.405 
26  921 

S.  Chicago  Heights.. 
South    Holland  
Spring  Forest  
Stegert 

Proviso  .  . 

Glen  wood 

581 

Rich   .  , 

1  301 

Gross  Point  

1,008 
7.227 
328 
480 

Ridgeville 

24.978 
1.980 
954 
962 
22,067 
3.845 
7.354 

2.405.233 

Riverside  

Hillside  
Hodgkins 

Summit    

Schaumberg-   
Stickney  . 

Tessville    

Homewood  
Kenilworth  
LaGrange  
LaGrange  Park..  . 
Lansing  
Lemont  
Lyons 

713 

881 
5.282 
1.131 
1.060 

2.284 
1.483 

Thornton 

Tinlev  Park 

Wheeling-    
Worth  

West  Hammond  
Western  Springs  
Wheeling 

Total  population, 
includ.  Chicago. 

Wilmette 

Winnetka   .  . 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


876 


COURTS    IN    COOK    COUNTY. 


APPELLATE  COURT.  FIRST  DIST.  ILLINOIS. 

14th  floor  Boulevard  building-,  Michigan  boule- 
vard and  Washington  street. 

Main  Court— William  H.  McSurely.  presiding1 
justice:  Jesse  Holdom.  William  E.  Dever. 

First  Branch — David  F.  Matchett,  presiding: 
justice:  Albert  C.  Barnes.  Martin  M.  Gridley. 

Second  Branch— Charles  M.  Thomson,  presid- 
ing1 justice:  Thomas  Taylor,  Jr..  John  M. 
O'Connor. 

Clerk— James  S.  Mclnerney. 

Deputy  Clerks— Joseph  P.  Morrison,  Michael 
Normoyle.  James  T.  Mclnerney,  James  T. 
Sheahy. 

Bailiff  and  Librarian — Andrew   Whalen. 

Jurisdiction— The  Appellate  court  has  juris- 
diction of  all  matters  of  appeal  or  writs  of 
error  from  the  Superior.  Circuit  and  County 
courts,  and  from  the  Municipal  court  oJ 
Chicagro.  except  in  criminal  cases  and  those 
aff^ctin?  a  franchise  or  freehold  or  the 
validity  erf  a  statute.  Decisions  are  final  in 
cases  involving"  an  amount  less  than  81,000 
except  that  an  appeal  may  be  granted  on  a 
certificate  of  importance,  or  a  review  may 
be  allowed  on  a  writ  of  certiorari  from  the 
Supreme  court. 

Terms  of  Courts-First  Tuesdays  in  March  and 
October  of  each  year. 

SUPERIOR  COURT. 

County  building-,  4th  floor. 

Judges.  Terms  expire. 

Albert   C.    Barnes.    R 1923 

Theodore   Brentano.   R 1921 

William    Fenimore    Cooper,    D 1922 

Joseph    B.    David,    D 1923 

William    E.    Dever.    D 1922 

Joseph    H.    Fitch.    D 1923 

Charles  M.   Foell,   R 1923 

Martin  M.    Gridley.   D 1922 

Harry   A.   Lewis,    R 1925 

Jacob    H.    Hopkins.    D 1923 

Oscar    Hebel.    R 19°,3 

Joseph    Sabath.    D 1922 

Marcus    A.    Kavanagh.    R 1923 

Charles    A.   MacDonald.   D 1922 

M.   L.    McKinley.   D 1923 

William    H.    McSurely.    R 1923 

John   M.    O'Connor.   D 1923 

Hugo  Pam.   R 1923 

Denis    E.    Sullivan.    D 1923 

John   J.    Sullivan.    D 1920 

Clerk — John  Kjellander.  R.:   courthouse,  fourth 

floor,    south  end.    Chief  deputy,   Leonard   A. 

Brundage.       Salaries— Judges.      $12,000:      of 

clerk.   59,000. 
(Judges  elected  prior  to   1915   get   810,000   a 

year.) 

Jurisdiction— The    Superior    court    has    concur- 
rent jurisdiction  with  the  Circuit  court  in  all 

cases  of  law  and  equity  and  in  appeals  from 

inferior  courts. 
Terms  of  Court— Begin  on  the  first  Monday  of 

every   month. 

CIRCUIT  COURT. 
County  building-.   4th  floor. 

Terms  of  judges  all  expire  in  June,  1921. 
Judges. 


Victor  P.  Arnold.  R. 
Robert  E.  Crowe.  R. 
Jesse  A.  Baldwin,  R. 
George  F.  Barrett.  R. 
David  M.  Brothers.  R. 
Jesse  Holdom.  R. 
Georg-e  Kersten.  D. 
David  F.  Matchett.  R. 
John  P.  McGoorty,  D. 
Merritt  W.  Pinckney.  R 


Kickham  Scanlan.  R. 
F.  George  Rush,  R. 
Thomas  Taylor.  Jr..  R. 
Charles  M,  Thomson,  R 
Oscar  M.  Torrison,  R. 
Richard  S.  Tuthill,  R. 
Charles  M.  Walker.  D. 
Thomas  G.  Windes,  D. 
Frank  Johnston,  Jr.,  D. 
Anton  T.  Zeman,  R. 


Clerk— August    W.    Miller.    Rep.;     chief    clerk. 
Louis  A.  Hutt:  fourth  floor,  north  end. 


Salaries^Same  as  those  of  Superior  court. 
Jurisdiction— Same    as    that    of    the    Superior 

court. 

Terms  of  Court— Begin  on  the  third  Monday 
of  every  month. 

COUNTY  COURT. 

County  building,   6th  floor. 

Judge— James   T.    Burns.    D.:    term   expires   In 

December,   1922. 

Clerk— R.  M.  Sweitzer.  D.:  600  county  build- 
ing. 

Jurisdiction — The  County  court  has  concurrent 
jurisdiction  with  the  Circuit  courts  in  all 
cases  of  appeal  from  justices  of  the  peace 
and  police  magistrates  and  in  all  common 
law  matters  where  the  value  of  property 
does  n9t  exceed  $1,000;  concurrent  jurisdic- 
tion with  courts  of  record  in  condemnation 
and  special  assessment  proceedings;  exclusive 
jurisdiction  in  voluntary  assignments,  release 
of  insolvent  debtors,  trials  of  the  right  of 
property,  commitment  of  insane  and  the  sup- 
port of  paupers  by  their  relatives;  objec- 
tions to  the  sale  of  real  estate  for  nonpay- 
ment of  general  or  special  taxes  are  heard 
in  the  County  court  and  all  inheritance  taxes 
are  levied  and  collected  under  its  direction; 
the  official  bonds  of  most  county  and  town- 
ship officers  and  the  yearly  reports  of  clerks, 
justices  of  the  peace  and  state's  attorneys 
and  other  officers  of  fees  collected  are  sub- 
jected to  the  approval  of  that  court;  the 
County  court  in  Cook  county  has  entire 
management  and  control  of  all  elections  In 
Chicago. 

CRIMINAL  COURT. 
Criminal   court   building.    West   Austin   avenue 

and  North  Dearborn  street. 
Judges— Judges    of    the    Superior    and    Circuit 
courts  alternate  in  presiding  over  the  Crim- 
inal court. 

Clerk— William  R.  Parker.  R.:  office  in  Crim- 
inal court  building. 

Jurisdiction— The  Criminal  court  of  Cook  coun- 
ty has  original  jurisdiction  of  all  criminal 
offenses  except  such  as  is  conferred  upon 
justices  of  the  peace,  and  appellate  Jurisdic- 
tion from  justices  of  the  peace. 
Terms  of  Court— Begin  on  the  first  Monday  of 
every  month. 

PROBATE  COURT. 

County  building,   6th  floor. 

Judge— Henry     Homer.     D.;     term     expires     in 

Assistants— Harry  G.  Keats,  John  F.  Devine. 
Jr.,  Paul  Corkell,  Philip  Finnegan. 

Clerk— John  F.  Devine.   R. 
hief  Deputy  Clerk— Raymond  J.  Darby    R 

Public  Administrator— Gordon  A.  Ramsay,   R. 

Public   Guardian — Mary    Belle   Spencer 

Jurisdiction— The  Probate  court  has  original 
jurisdiction  in  all  matters  of  probate  the 
settlement  of  estates  of  deceased  persons 
the  appointment  of  guardians  and  conserva- 
tors and  settlement  of  their  accounts  and 
in  cases  of  sales  of  real  estate  of  deceased 
persons  for  the  payment  of  debts 

Terms  of  Court— Begin  on  the  first  Monday  of 
every  month. 

JUVENJT.E    COURT   OF    COOK    COUNTY 
Room  900  county  building. 

Judge— Victor  P.  Arnold. 

Assistant   to  Judge— Mary  M.   Bartelme 

Chief  Probation  Officer— Joseph  L.  Moss 

Jurisdiction— The  Juvenile  court  hears  and  df* 
poses  of  cases  broug-ht  before  it  under  the 
act  to  regulate  the  treatment  and  co"'rni  of 
dependent,  neglected  and  delinquent  children. 
and  truant  cases  brought  before  it  under 
the  compulsory  education  law  It  also 
administers  the  law  providing  for  the  partial 
support  of  mothers  whose  husbands  are  dead 


€70 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


or    are    incapacitated    for    work    when    such 
mothers    have    children    under    14    years    of 
age.     The  Juvenile  detention  home  is  at  771 
Gilpin  place.   The  judges  of  the  Circuit  court 
each   summer   select   one   of   its    members   to 
eit  in  the  Juvenile  court  one  year. 
U.  S.  CIRCUIT  COURT  OF  APPEALS. 
Federal  building:,  7th  floor. 

Associate   Justice— John   H.    Clarke. 

Judges— Francis  E.  Baker.  Samuel  AlsChUler, 
Evan  A.  Evans,  George  T.  Page. 

Clerk— Edward  M.  Holloway. 

Salary   of   judges,    $8,500    a  year. 

Jurisdiction— The  Circuit  Courts  of  Appeals 
have  appellate  jurisdiction  to  review  final 
decisions  in  District  courts  of  Indiana,  Illi- 
nois and  Wisconsin  in  all  cases  other  than 


those    which    may    be    taken    direct    to    tho 
United   States   Supreme  court. 

UNITED    STATES    DISTRICT   COURT. 
Federal  building.   6th  floor. 

Judges— Kenesaw  M.  Landis,    G.   A.   Carpenter. 

Clerk— John   H.    R.   Jamar. 

Marshal — John  J.   Bradley. 

Salary  of  judges.  $7,600  a  year. 

Jurisdiction — United  Stales  District  courts  have 
jurisdiction  of  cases  where  the  United  States 
is  plaintiff  or  defendant  of  crimes  and  of- 
fenses cognizable  under  the  authority  of  the 
United  States;  of  suits  relating  to  debts  by 
or  to  the  United  States;  of  admiralty  and 
maritime  cases;  of  suits  arising  under  the 
postal,  patent,  trade-mark,  copyright,  immi- 
gration, contract  labor  laws,  etc. 


MUNICIPAL  COURTS  OF  CHICAGO 

V/ny  hail,  btfc  and  9th  floors. 


Chief   Justice—  Harry  Olson,   room   916. 
Clerk—  James  A.  Kearns,  R. 
Banff—  Dennis  J.  Egan.  D. 

Judges.  Terms  expire. 

Harry  Olson,   R  ...........................  1924 

Daniel  P.  Trude.  R  ........................  1924 

Harry  M.  Fisher.  D  .......................  1924 

William  N.  Gemmill.   R  ....................  1924 

John  J.  Rooney.  D  ........................  1924 

Joseph  S.  LaBuy.  D  .......................  1924 

Charles  F.  McKinley.   R  ...................  1924 

John  K.  Prindiville.  D  .....................  1924 

Arnold    Heap,    R  .....................  .....  1924 

Bernard  P.  Barasa,   R  .....................  1924 

Leo  J.  Doyle.  D  ...........................  1920 

Sheridan  E.  Fry,  R  .......................  1920 

Charles  A.  Williams.  D  ....................  1924 

Frank  H.  Graham,  D  ......................  1920 

James   Donahoe.    D  ........................  1920 

Edmund  K.   Jarecki.   D  .....................  19 

John   Stelk.   D  .............................  19 

Dennis  W.  Sullivan.  D  ....................  192 

Samuel  H.  Trude.   R  ......................  192 

Georg-e  B.  Holmes,   R  .....................  1920 

Irwin  R.  Hazen,  R  ........................  1920 

John  R.   Newcomer.    R  ....................  1932 

Hosea  W.  Wells.  R  ........................  1922 

Wells  M.  Cook.   R  .........................  1922 

John  A.  Swanson,  R  ......................  1922 

John   Richardson.   R  .......................  1922 

Hugh  R.   Stewart,   R  ......................  1922 

John  F.   Haas.    R  .........................  1922 

Howard    Hayes.    R  .........................  1922 

John  R.  Caverly.  D  .......................  1922 

Salaries—  Chief  justice,  812.000  a  year:  associ- 
ate justices,  $9.000:  clerk,  $9,000:  chief  dep- 
uty clerk,  $4.000:  two  assistant  chief  deputy 
clerks  and  one  auditor,  $3,000:  other  clerks, 
$1.800  to  $2.500:  bailiff,  $9.000:  chief  dep- 
uty bailiff,  $4.000:  two  assistant  chief  dep- 
uty bailiffs.  $2,500:  other  bailiffs.  $1.500  to 
92,000. 


2Q 
:^0 


Civil  Courts— First  district,  city  hall;  second 
district.  8855  and  8857  Exchange  avenue. 
South  Chicago. 

Criminal  Courts— First  district:  Branches  1  and 
2  Criminal  court  building;  South  Clark  street 
branches  1  and  2.  625  South  Clark  street: 
Desplaines  street  branch.  119  North  Des- 
plaines  street;  Maxwell  street  branch.  Max- 
well and  Morgan  streets:  Hyde  Park  branch, 
5223  Lake  Park  avenue:  West  Chicago  ave- 
nue branch.  1125  West  Chicago  avenue: 
Shakespeare  avenue  branch,  Shakespeare  and 
California  avenues;  East  Chicago  avenue 
branch.  115  East  Chicago  avenue r  Englewood, 
branch.  6347  Wentworth  avenue,  Second  dis- 
trict 8855-8857  Exchange  avenue.  South 
Chicago. 

JURISDICTION. 

1.  All  actions  on  contracts  when  the  amount 
claimed  by  the  plaintiff  exceeds  $1.000:  all  ac- 
tions for  the  recovery  of  personal  property  the 
value  of  which  exceeds  $1.000:  all  actions  for 
the   recovery    of    d  m:  gcs    for    the    conversion 
of  personal  property  when  the  amount  sought 
to  be  recovered  exceeds  $1,000. 

2.  Criminal  cases  of  the  grade  of  felony,  ex- 
cept treason  and  murder,  and  cases  of  habeas 
corpus. 

3.  Criminal  oases  below  the  grade  of  felony, 
except  habeas  corpus  cases. 

4.  Civil    actions    for   the   recovery   of  money 
only  when  the  amount  does  not  exceed  $1,000: 
ac  ions  for  recovery  of  personal  property  val- 
ued   at   less    than   $1.000:    actions   of    forcible 
detainer:    actions   and   proceeding's   ov.er  which 
justices  of  the  peace  have  jurisdiction  and  ac- 
tions not  otbe^ise  provided  for  by  the  act. 

5.  Quasi  criminal  actions. 

6.  Proceedings   lor  the   prevention  of  crime: 
for  the  arrest,  examination  and  commitment  of 
persons    charged    with    criminal    offenses:    pro- 
ceedings involving  use  of  search  warrants. 


THE    ART    INSTITUTE    OF    CHICAGO. 

A  museum  of  fine  arts  and  school  of  drawing-,  painting-,  etc 

Michigan  avenue  and  Adams  street. 
OFFICERS.  |  Manag-er     Membership      Department— Guy 


Presidents-Charles  L.   Hutchinson. 
Vice-Presidents — Martin  A.  Ryerson,   Frank  G 

Logan. 
Treasurer— Ernest    A.    Hamill. 

Executive   Staff. 
Director— G^orgre    W.    Eg-gers. 
Secretary— William  F.   Tuttle. 
Curator  of   Decorative  Arts— Bessie  Bennett. 
Curator  of  Exhibitions— Charles  H.  Burkholder. 
Curator     of     Buckingham    Collection— Frederic 

W.  Gookin. 
Assistant    in    Charge    of    Prints — Kathryn    W.- 

McGovern. 

Librarian— Sarah   L.    Mitchell. 
Museum   Instructor— Mrs.    Herman   J.   Hall. 
Head    ol    Extension    Department— Ross    Crane. 


Young. 

Registrar  of   School— Fanny  J.   Kendall. 

Trustees.  1918— Edward  E.  Aver.  Arthur  T. 
Aldis,  Robert  AHerton,  Adolnhus  C.  Bartlett. 
A.  G.  Becker,  Edward  B.  Butler.  Clyde  M. 
CJTT.  Wallace  L.  D?Wolf,  John  J.  Glessner. 
William  O.  Goodman.  Fr-nk  W.  Gunsaulue. 
Charles  L.  Hu'chinson,  Frank  G.  Logan,  Cy- 
rus McOormick,  Honore  Palmer,  Abram 
Poole,  Martin  A.  Ryrson,  Howard  Shaw, 
Charles  H.  Thome.  Ex  officio,  William  Hale 
Thompson,  mayor;  George  F.  Harding,  city 
comptroller:  John  B/rton  Payne,  president 
iso^th  p-^^-k  commissioners:  Albert  Mohr.  au- 
ditor sou'th  park  commissioners. 
The  Art  I"8*i+ute  of  Chicaeo  was  incorporated 

May  24.   1879.   for  the    "founding-  and  main- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


877 


tenance  of  schools  of  art  and  design,  the  for- 
mation and  exhibition  of  collections  of  pbjects 
of  art  and  the  cultivation  and  extension  of 
the  arts  of  design  by  any  appropriate  means.' 
The  museum  building-  upon  the  lake  front, 
first  occupied  in  1893,  has  never  been  closed 
for  a  day.  It  is  open  to  the  public  every 
weekday  from  9  to  5,  Sundays  from  12:15 
to  9  p.  m.  Admission  is  free  to  members  and 
their  families  at  all  times,  and  free  to  all 
upon  Wednesdays,  Saturdays,  Sundays  and 
legal  holidays.  Upon  other  days  the  entrance 
fee  is  25  cents. 

All  friends  of  art  are  invited  to  become 
members.  Annual  members  pay  a  fee  of  $10 
a  year.  Life  members  pay  $100  and  are 
thenceforth  exempt  from  dues.  Sustaining 
members  pay  $25  or  more  a  year.  Governing 
members  are  elected  by  the  trustees  and  pay 
$100  upon  election  and  $25  a  year  there- 
after. Upon  the  payment  of  $400  governing 
members  become  governing  life  members  and 
are  thenceforth  exempt  from  dues.  All  re- 
ceipts from  life  memberships  are  invested  and 
the  income  only  expended.  All  members  are 
entitled,  with  their  families  and  visiting 
friends,  to  admission  to  all  exhibitions,  re 
ceptions,  public  lectures  and  entertainments 
given  by  the  Art  institute  and  to  the  use  of 
the  Ryerson  reference  library  of  art.  Visitors 
desiring  to  see  the  collections  under  guidance 
may  make  appointments  with  the  museum 
instructors  at  the  office  of  the  director. 
MUSEUM. 

The  Art  museum  now  ranks  among  the  first 
three  in  the  country.  It  contains  excellent 
examples  of  the  old  masters  and  of  the  mod- 
ern painters.  There  is  also  a  large  and  com- 
prehensive collection  of  sculptures,  includin- 
reproductions  of  the  work  of  the  greatest 
sculptors,  ancient  and  modern.  There  is  an 
extensive  collection  of  architectural  casts. 
Other  fields  of  art  are  represented  by  collec- 
tions of  etchings,  engravings,  textiles,  oriental 
art,  Egyptian  and  classical  antiquities,  etc. 
There  is  a  constant  succession  of  passing  ex- 
hibitions, thirty-five  or  more  in  a  year.  All 
students  enjoy  the  full  use  of  the  collections 
and  the  library.  The  number  of  visitors  to 
the  museum  during  the  year  ended  Dec.  31. 
1918.  was  1,018,870. 

SCHOOL. 

There  is  a  school  for  beginners,  one  for  stu- 
dents in  the  various  art  professions,  including 
painting,  sculpture,  designing,  illustration,  and 
normal  art  instruction,  ?nd  one  for  advanced 
and  highly  trained  students  in  the  -arts  of 
painting  end  sculpture. 

The  school  is  conducted  with  the  most  mod- 
ern methods  and  has  grown  to  be  the  most 
comprehensive  and  probably  the  largest  fine 
arts  school  in  the  United  States.  Distin- 
guished teachers  from  a  distance  are  called 
in  from  time  to  time.  Studer's  may  ente 
at  any  time.  The  tuition  rates  are  as  fol- 
lows : 

Day  School — Registration  fee,  $5:  full  time 
for  term  of  twelve  w-^eks.  $50:  four  weeks. 
$20:  four  days  a  week,  full  term.  $46:  four 
weeks,  $19:  three  days  a  week,  full  term,  $4?; 
four  weeks,  $17:  two  days  a  week,  full  term, 
$34;  four  weeks,  $13;  one  day  a  week,  full 
term.  $25:  four  weeks,  S10. 

Half-Day  Courses— Five  half  days  a  w^ek, 
$42  a  term:  four  weeks.  $18:  four  half  days 
a  week,  $37  a  term:  four  weeks.  $15:  three 
half  days  a  week,  $32  a  term;  four  weeks, 
$13:  two  half  days  a  week.  $27  a  term;  four 
weeks.  $10:  one-half  day  a  week,  $18  a  term: 
four  weeks.  ?7. 

Evening  Rates — Registration  fee,  $2;  three 
nights  a  week,  ?12.50  a  term  or  $5  for  four 
w^eks;  two  nights  a  week.  $10  a  term  or  $4 
for  four  weeks;  one  night  a  week.  $7.50  a 
term  or  $3  for  four  weeks. 


Saturday    Rates    for   Juvenile   Class— Twelve 
half  days  for  $6. 

Special  classes — 

Pottery— Twelve  half  days $6.50 

Leather — Twelve  half  days 6.50 

Basketry— Twelve  half  days 6.00 

Bookbinding— Twelve  half  days 6.0O 

Costume  Design — Twelve  half  duys 6.00 

Design— Twelve  half  days 6.00 

Drawing — Twelve  half  days 6.00 

Lettering— Twelve  half  days 6.Q0 

Normal   classes — Twelve   half   days 6.00 

PRINCIPAL    HOTELS   IN   CHICAGO. 

Arlington 839  North  Dearborn  street 

Auditorium 430  South  Michigan  avenue 

Blackstone 636   South   Michigan  avenue 

Briggs  house 188   West   Randolph   street 

Chicago  Beach 51st  street  and  Cornell  avenue 

Congress  hotel 520  South  Michigan  avenue 

Commercial  hotel 538  South   Wabash  avenue 

Continental 5  South   Wabash  avenue 

De  Jongne's 12  East  Monroe  street 

Drexel  Arms 39th  street  and  Drexel  boulevard 

Eugewater   Beach 5349   Sheridan   road 

Fort  Dearborn 125  West  Van  Buren  street 

Gladstone 62d  street  and  Kenwood  avenue 

Great  Northern 237  South   Dearborn  street 

Hotel  Atlantic 324  South  Clark  street 

Hotel  Brevoort 120   West  Madison  street 

Hotel  Del  Prado.59th  street  and  Dorchester  av«nue 

Hotel  Grace 75  West  Jackson   boulevard 

Hotel  Grant 6  North  Dearborn  street 

Hotel  Mayer 1154  South  Wabash  avenue 

Hotel   Luzerne N.    Clark   and    Center   streets 

Hotel  Metropole..23d  street  and  Michigan  avenue 

Hotel  Morrison 83   West   Madison  street 

Hotel  Randolph 177  West  Randolph  street 

Hotel   Sherman 106   West   Randolph  street 

Hotel  Windennere..56th  street  and  Cornell  avenue 

Hyde  Park 51st  street  and  Lake  Park  avenue 

Jackson Halsted  street  and  Jackson  boulevard 

Lakota 30th  street  and  Michigan  avenue 

LaSalle 10   North   LaSalle    street 

Lexington Michigan  avenue  and  22d  street 

Lombard  hotel 231   5th   avenue 

Majestic 29  Quincy   street 

New  Hotel  Gault..  ..Madison  and   Market   streets 

Palmer  house 115   South   State   street 

Planters 17  North  Clark  street 

Plaza North  Clark  street  and  North  avenue 

Revere   house. N.Clark  street  and  W.Austin  avenue 

Stratford 75  East  Jackson  boulevard 

Union  hotel 72  West  Randolph  street 

Victoria 332  South  Clark  street 

Virginia Ohio  and  Rush  streets 

Windsor- Clifton 28  East   Monroe  street 

Y.   M.   C.   A 818-826  Wabash  avenue 

CHICAGO    AVIATORS    KILLED    IN    ACTION. 

In  a  list  of  150  American  commissioned  offi- 
cers of  the  air  service  killed  in  action  at  the 
front  in  France  in  1918  were  the  names  of 
the  following  Chicagoans,  with  their  rank. 
address  and  date  of  death: 
Bellows,  Franklin  B.,  2d  lieut.,  1201  Ashland 

avenue.    Wilmette;    Aug.    11. 
Brotherton,      William     E.,     2d     lieut.,       1318 

Thorndale    avenue;    Oct.    10. 
Fuller,   Roswell   Hayes.    1st  lieut.,   care  Fuller- 

Morrisson  Drug  company;  Sept.  28. 
Garnsey    Edward   Grant,   1st  lieut..   2322  East 

70th  place:   Oct.   29. 
Goettler,     Harold    E.,    2d    lieut.,    4630    Dover 

street;  Oct.  6. 

Grider,   John   McG.,    1st   lieut.,    800   The   Tem- 
ple; June  18. 
Gundelach,   Andre   A.   H..   1st  lieut.,   1619   Ber- 

wyn    avenue;    Sept.    14. 
Harris.    David    B..    2d    lieut.,    5315    Dorchester 

avenue;    Sept.    27. 
Kull,     George    F..     1st    lieut..    4212    Kenmore 

avenue;    Sept.    14. 
Manier,    Emmet    M.,    1st    lieut.,    2017    Prairie 

avenue;    Oct.    2. 


878 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1' 

I" 


FOREST    PRESERVES    OF    COOK   COUNTY. 

Map  indi<?atin«r  location  of  principal  tracts  acquired  ui>  to  Nov.  1.  1919. 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


879 


FOREST    PRESERVE    DISTRICT    OF    COOK    COUNTY. 


COMMISSIONERS. 

The  commissioners  of  Cook  county  by  virtue 
of  their  office  also  serve  as  commissioners  of 
the  forest  preserve  district  of  Cook  county, 
authorized  by  an  act  of  the  legislature  ap- 
proved June  27.  1913.  and  adopted  by  a  ref- 
erendum vote  Nov.  3,  1914.  The  commission- 
ers Aug.  1.  1919.  were:  Peter  Reinb?rg.  presi- 
dent: John  Budinger.  Bartley  Burg,  William 
Busse.  Joseph  Carolan.  Joseph  M.  Fitzgerald. 
Charles  N  Goodnow.  William  H.  Maclean.  Rob- 
ert W.  McKinlay.  George  A.  Miller.  Albert  No- 
wak,  Dudley  D.  Piersqn.  Daniel  Ryan.  Emmett 
Whealan,  Frank  J.  Wilson. 

OFFICERS. 

President— Peter  Reinberg. 
Secretary— William  J.  Gormley. 
Comptroller — Joseph   L.   Gill. 
Treasurer— Oscar  F.  Mayer. 
Chief  Attorney— Adolph  D.  Weiner. 
Real  Estate  Agent— Henry  P.  Kransz. 
Chief  Forester— Ransom  E.  Fennicott. 
Chief  Engineer — Emmett  J.  Flavin. 

FOREST  PRESERVE  PROPERTY. 

The  forest  preserve  district  of  Cook  county 
on  Sept.  1.  1919,  held  title  to  15.000  acres  in 
the  district.  Some  details  as  to  the  various 
preserves  follow: 

Deer  Grove  Preserve — 1.150  acres  of  hilly 
wooded  land:  850  acres  set  aside  and  fenced 


pioneers  in  Indian  days;  Badek  tract,  another 
favorite  Indian  haunt. 

Thatcher  Park  Preserve — Contains  also  Steele 
tract;  preserve  consists  of  hundreds  of  acres 
of  oak  and  maple  forest. 

Salt  Creek  Valley  Preserve— On  both  banks 
of  Salt  creek  from  the  Des  Plaines  river  to 
the  west  county  line;  picturesque  river  valley 
with  splendid  timber  land. 

Beverly  Hills  Preserve— Promontory  of  rock 
on  the  south  side  long  used  as  picnic  grounds. 

Palos  Hills  Preserve  —  Contains  more  than 
7.000  acres  of  hilly  forest  land  extending 
along  the  drainage  canal  and  back  into  the 
Sag  district. 

Chicago  Heights  Preserve— Forest  tract  with 
small  bodies  of  water  and  streams:  located  at 
junction  of  Lincoln  and  Dixie  highways. 

Thornton  and  Glenwood  Preserves— Adjoining 
tracts:  fine  forest  land;  said  to  have  been  site 
of  a  battle  between  Americans  and  British 
in  the  revolutionary  war. 

There  are  also  preserves  in  Hegewisch.  South 
Chicago,  Chicago  Heights  and  Edgebrook. 

Some  of  the  tracts  have  been  improved  with 
paths,  roads,  wells,  fountains,  shelter  houses, 
parking  spaces  and  comfort  stations,  also  dams 
and  artificial  lakes. 

On  account  of  the  growing  popularity  of 
golf,  the  board  expects  to  open  for_the  public 


Elk  Grove  Preserve— 1.600  acres  of  virgin 
timber  land:  has  lily  ponds  and  bird  refuges. 

Des  Plaines  River  Valley  Preserve— 667  acres 
(Wheeling  tract)  :  old  grove  portage  of  Indian 
days  and  scene  of  reception  given  Father 
Marquette.  French  explorer,  who  surprised  the 
Pottawattomie  Indians  here— the  white  man's 
first  visit  to  Cook  county.  1673;  Northwestern 
park  tract,  extending  from  the  town  of  Des 
Plaines  to  Higgins  road,  containing  tracts  of 
natural  forests  and  sites  of  half  a  dozen  In- 
dian villages. 

North  Branch  Chicago  River  Valley  Pre- 
serve— Includes  Indian  reservation.  Forest  Glen. 
Turnbull,  Badek  and  Glenview  tracts:  Indian 
reservation  contains  all  the  forest  land  award- 
ed to  Billy  Caldwell,  the  old  Indian  chief: 
Turnbull  tract  contains  old  Turnbull  home- 
stead, established  by  one  of  Cook  county's 


All  of  the  forest  preserves  may  be  reached 
by  automobile  and  many  of  them  by  street 
car  or  railroad.  The  accompanying  map  will 
show  in  what  direction  they  lie  from  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  city. 

During  the  months  of  May.  June,  July,  Au- 
gust and  September.  1919.  approximately  1.- 
200  permits  were  issued  for  picnic  and  en  rap- 
ing purposes,  giving  an  idea  of  the  extent  to 
which  the  preserves  are  used  by  the  public, 
which  however,  does  not  include  single  visitors 
or  family  gatherings.  The  records  show  the 
following  attendance: 

May  40,450 

June    90.721 

July   125:641 

August    161.422 

September    120,143 

Total    538,377 


CHICAGO   BRIDGE    SYSTEM. 


The  first  ferry  across  the  river  was  estab- 
lished in  1829.  where  the  Lake  street  bridge 
now  is.  In  1833  a  floating  bridge  of  logs  was 
in  operation  just  north  of  the  present  Ran- 
dolph street  bridge.  A  foot  bridge  over  the 
north  branch  was  built  in  1832  at  Kinzie 
etreet.  The  first  drawbridge  over  the  main 
branch  of  the  river  was  placed  at  Dearborn 
street  in  1834.  In  1854  a  pivot  bridge  was 


power  was  installed  on  the  Dearborn  street 
structure  and  later  most  of  the  other  bridges 
in  the  downtown  section  were  similarly 
equipped.  In  1895  the  Rush.  Lake  and  Van 
Buren  street  bridges  were  operated  by  electric 
motors.  The  last  named  structure,  which  was 
opened  for  traffic  in  that  year,  was  the  first 
of  the  Scherzer  rolling  type.  The  Halsted 
street  lift  bridge,  the  first  and  only  one  of  its 


built  at  Clark  street.  These  and  other  bridges  j  kind,  was  opened  in  1894  and  was  operated  by 
of  that  time  were  built  by  the  persons  most  |  steam.  It  cost  the  city  S242.880. 
directly  benefited  by  them.  It  was  not  until  j  In  1919  Chicago  had  forty-four  bridges  with 
1857  that  a  bridge  was  built  entirely  at  the  movable  spans  and  thirty  with  fixed  spans, 
city's  expense.  This  was  the  structure  over  I  There  were  also  thirty-nine  viaducts  and  eight 
the  south  branch  at  Madison  street.  It  cost  |  foot  bridges.  Most  of  the  movable  bridges 
830.000.  Until  1872  the  swing  bridges  were  :  are  operated  by  electricity.  The  bridges  and 
turned  by  hand,  but  in  the  year  named  steam  viaducts  had  a  value  of  more  than  85,000,000. 


Year. 
1897... 
1898... 
1899... 
1900... 
1901... 
1902... 
1903... 
1904... 

CF 

Number  of  bui 
Buildings.        Cost.. 
.  :  5,294     $21.  777.230 
..   4,067       21.2ft4.325 
.  .    3.794       20.856.750 
..    3,554        19.100.050 
..    6.053        34.962.075 
..    6,074       48.070.399 
..    6.221       37.447.175 
..    7,151       44,724,790 

riCAGO    BUILDING    STATISTIC 

dings  erected   since   1894.   with 
Year.         Buildings.        Cost. 
1905     .      .    8.442     863  970  950 
1906...     .10,629       64.822.030 
1907...     .    9,353       59.093.080 
1908...      .10,771        68.203.920 
1909...      .11.241        90.559.58O 
1910  11.409       96.932.700 
1911  11.106     105.269.700 
1912  11,325       88.786,960 

8. 
estimated    cost. 
Year.         Buildings.        Cost. 
1913  10.792     889668427 
1914  9.938       83.2611710 
1915  10.340        97.091.480 
19JR  10.277     112,835.150 
1917  4.938       64.244.450 
1918              2  529       34  792  200 

1919*  5,531       77.647,100 

•First  ten  months. 

880 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Daily  News  1'boto. 
J.   J.   GARRITY. 
Chief  of  Police. 


[;'*• 


m 


W  aimger  .  hoto.  Rembrandt  Photo. 

WILLIAM  H.  REID.       HENRY     STUCKART, 
Public    Service    Comm'r.  City  Treasurer. 


CHICAGO  CITY  OFFICIALS. 


Moffett  I'hoto. 

S.   A.   ETTELSON, 

Cornorntion    f'onnsol 


P.    S.M  COMBS, 
City   Engineer. 


Moffett  Photo. 

WILLIAM    HALE    THOMPSON, 
Mayor. 


Morrison  I'hoto. 

M.   J.    FAHERTY, 
Pres.    Bd.    Local    Imp. 


DR.    JOHN    D.     ROB- 
ERTSON, 

Health    Commissioner. 


Motiett  l-h.  to 

WM.    G.    KEITH, 
Com.  Gas  and  Elec. 


GEO.  F.  HARDING. 
Comptroller. 


Dailj  News  Photo. 

THOMAS  O'CONNOR. 
Fire  Marshal. 


Koebne  fbotu. 

CHARLES  R.  FRANCIS. 
Comm'r   Public   Works. 


WM.   H.    WESBEY, 
City    Collector. 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


881 


CHICAGO    CITY    OFFICIALS. 


Heads  of  departments,  assistants,  chief  clerks 
and  other  employes.  Their  offices  unless  other- 
wise specified  are  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

MAYOR'S   OFFICE. 
Room  507  city  hall.     Hours  9:30  a.  m.  to  1 

p.  m. 

Mayor— William  Hale  Thompson,  R. 
Private  Secretary— Charles  C.  Fitzmorris,  D. 
1  Duties — The   mayor   presides   over   meeting's   of 

the  city  council,  approves  or  vetoes  the  acts 

*  of    that   body,    appoints    all   nonelectiye    city 

•  officials,  sees  that  all  the  laws  and  ordinances 
'     are    faithfully   executed,    issues    and    revokes 

licenses   and   exercises   a   general    supervision 
.     over  all  Hie  various  subordinate  departments 
of  the  city  government. 

THE  CITY  COUNCIL   (1919-1920). 
Presiding  Officer— Mayor  William  Hale  Thomp- 
son. 

City   Clerk— James   T.   Igoe,   D. 
Chiet   Clerk— Edward  J.   Padden. 
Sergeant-at-Arms— William  F.  Harrah. 
Ward.  Aldermen. 

I.Michael  Kenna.   D 307  S.  Clark-st. 

John  J.  Coughlin.  D H7  N.  LaSalle-st. 

2.  Robert  R.  Jackson,  R 3300  S.  State-st. 

L.  B.  Anderson.  R.508.  184  W.  Wash'ton-st. 

3.U.   S.   Schwartz.  D 906.    6  N.   Clark-st. 

John  H.  Passmore.  R....1652  S.  LaSalle-st. 

4.  John  A.  Richert.   D 2603   S.  Halsted-st. 

Timothy  A.  Hogan,  D 3023  Throop-st. 

5.  Robert  J.  Mulcahy.  D 1741  W.  33d-st. 

Josenh  B.  McDonough.  D..538   W.  37th-st. 

0.  Charles  S.  Eaton.  R..500,  35  N.  Dearborn 

Alex.  A.  McCormick.  R.954,  209  S.  LaSalle 
7.  Guy  Guernsey,  R..1515  Harris  Trust  bldg. 

Wm.  R.  Fetzer.  R.806  Title  and  Trust  bldg. 
S.Martin  S.  Furman.  D..8745  Commercial-av. 

Ross  A.  Woodhull,  D..9103  Commercial-av. 
9.  Sheldon  W.  Govier.  D.I  1350  FoTestyille-av. 

Guy  Madderom.  R... 11030  S.  Michigan-av. 

10.  James  McNichols.  D....1322  Washburne-av. 
Frank  Klaus,  D 1334  W.  18th-st. 

11.  Herman  Krumdick.  D 1941  W.  23d-st. 

Edw.  F.  Cxillerton.  D.23.  154  W.  Randolph 

12.  Josenh  I.  Novak.  D...2401  S.  Trumbull-av. 
Anton  J.  Cermak.  D..705.  139  N.  Clark-st. 

13.  John  G.  Home.  D 3230  W.  Madison-st. 

Samuel  O.  Shaffer,  R..3916  W.  Van  Buren 

14.  Joseph   H.   Smith.   D..2342  W.   Superior-st. 
George  M.  Mnypole.   D 3339  Fulton-st. 

15.  O.  H.  Olsen.  R..1905  City  Hall  Square  bldg. 
Edward  J.   Kaindl.  D..2600  W.  Chicago-av. 

16.  John  A.  Piotrowski.  D..1459  Blackhawk-st 
Stanley  H.  Kunz.  D 1916  Potomac-av. 

17.  S.  S.  Walkowiak.  D..1317.  139  N.  Clark-st. 
Stanley  Adamkiewicz,   D...1029   Milwaukee 

18.  Maurice  F.  Kavanagh,  D.666  W.  Madison-st. 
John  J.  Touhy.   Ind 1339  W.  Adams-st. 

19.  James   B.  Bowler,   D 1223   Taylor-st. 

John   Powers.   D 1284   Macalister-pl. 

20.  Matt.  Franz.   D 1700   S.   Halsted-st. 

Henry  L.  Fick,  D 319  W.  Roosevelt-rd. 

21.  Earl  J.  Walker.  R....1317.  139  N.  Clark-st. 
Dorsey  Crowe,  D 755  N.  Dearborn-st. 

22.  John  H.  Bauler.  D 515  W.   North-av. 

Math.  Hibbeler.  R 917  Center-st. 

23.  Walter  P.   Steffen,   R 3153  Hudson-av. 

Thomas  O.  Wallace,  R 846  Center-st. 

24.  John    Haderlein.    D 1917   Barry-av. 

James  Dorney,  R 2128  Sheffield-av. 

25.  Frank   J.   Link,   R 430   Orleans-st. 

Henry  D.  Capitain,  R 184  W.  Lake-st. 

26.  George  Pretzel,   R 3830  N.  Hoyne-av. 

William  F.  Lipps.  R 2:180  Wilson-av. 

27.  O.  L.  Watson,   R..405.    69  W.  Wash'ton-st. 
Edward  R.  Armitage,  R..5826  Berenice-av. 

28.  Max  Adamowski,  D 2812  Fullerton-av. 

Clayton  F.  Smith.  D...1861   N.  Leavitt-st. 

29.  Thomas  F.   Byrne,   D....6743    S.   Irving-av. 
James  F.  Kovarik.  D.5022  S.  Marshfield-av. 

30.  William  R.  O'Toole,  D....1048   W.  55th-st. 


John   Burns.   R 519   W.  Washington-st. 

31.  Terence  F.  Moran,  D 5634  S.  Ada-st. 

Scott  M.  Hogan,  R 912  Ashland  block 

32.  John   H.  Lyle.   R. 300-4,    108   S.  LaSalle-st. 
Albert  J.  Fisher,  R 7157  Yale-av. 

33.  Albert  O.  Anderson.  R....4323  Fullerton-av. 
John  P.  Garner.  R 5615  W.  Lake-st. 

34.  John  Toman.   D 4141  W  21st-pl. 

Joseph  O  Kostner,  D.,1404  Independence-bd. 

35.  Thomas  J.  Lynch,  D 602  Ashland  block 

John  S.  Clark.  D 4259  W.  North-av. 

Standing   Committees,    1919-1920. 

Finance— Richert.  Schwartz,  McCormick,  Fet- 
zer, Woodhull.  Maypole.  Walker,  Wallace, 
Capitain.  Lipps.  Watson,  C.  F.  Smith,  Moran. 
Fisher.  A.  O.  Anderson.  Kostner,  Clark. 

Local  Transportation — Capitain.  Schwartz,  Mc- 
Donough. Guernsey,  McNichols.  J.  H.  Smith. 
Olsen,  Walkowiak,  Franz.  Bauler,  Wallace. 
Lipps,  Watson,  Byrne,  Fisher,  Toman,  Lynch. 

Gas.  Oil  and  Electric  Light— Lynch,  T.  A.. 
Hogan.  McDonough,  Furman.  McNichols, 
Novak.  Home,  Walkowiak,  Bowler.  Walker. 
Bauler,  Wallace,  Link,  Pretzel,  Adamowski, 
O'Toole.  Toman. 

Railway  Terminals— Lipps,  Kenna.  Schwartz, 
Mulcahy,  Eaton,  Guernsey,  McNichols,  Cer- 
mak. Home,  Touhy,  Bowler,  Walker,  Capi- 
tain. A.  O.  Anderson,  Kostner. 

Local  Industries— Fisher,  T.  A.  Hogan,  Fetzer, 
Madderom.  Klaus,  Cullerton,  Novak,  Home, 
J.  H.  Smith.  Olsen,  Bauler.  Steffen,  Pretzel. 
O'Toole.  Clark. 

Harbors.  Wharves  and  Bridges  —  Woodhull, 
Kenna.  L.  B.  Anderson,  Gqvier,  Cullerton, 
Shaffer.  Kaindl,  Adamkiewicz.  Kavanagh. 
Powers,  Hibbeler.  Haderlein,  Moran,  Lyle. 
Garner. 

Judiciary — Cermak,  Coughlin,  T.  A.  Hogan. 
McDonough.  McCormick,  Fetzer,  Woodhull. 
J.  H.  Smith.  Kaindl,  Powers,  Crowe.  Steffen, 
Dorney,  Link,  Byrne.  Kostner.  Lynch. 

Streets  and  Alleys— Toman.  Coughlin,  L.  B. 
Anderson,  Mulcahy,  Krumdick.  Kunz,  Adam- 
kiewicz. Touhy.  Fick,  Crowe.  Hibbeler. 
Dorney,  Moran.  Lyle,  Garner. 

License— J.  H.  Smith.  Coughlin,  L.  B.  Ander- 
son. Furman,  Krumdick,  Cermak,  Kaindl. 
Adamkiewicz.  Powers,  Franz,  Haderlein,  C. 
F.  Smith.  Kovarik.  O'Toole,  S.  M.  Hogan. 

Building  and  City  Hall— Kostner.  Jackson.  Mul- 
cohy.  Eaton,  Madderom,  Klaus,  Krumdick, 
Piotrowski.  Kavanagh.  Powers,  Fick,  Crowe, 
Hibbeler,  Armitage.  S.  M.  Hogan. 

Schools.  Fire  and  Civil  Service — Clark,  Kenna, 
Jackson.  McDonough,  Madderom.  Novak, 
Home.  Piotrowski,  Adamkiewicz,  Bowler, 
Fick.  Link.  Armitage.  Adamowski,  Byrne. 

Public  Health— Fetzer.  Kenna.  Jackson.  Pass- 
more.  Furman,  Klaus,  Cullerton,  Shaffer, 
Kunz,  Kavanagh.  Franz,  Pretzel,  Adamowski. 
Burns.  A.  O.  Anderson. 

Track  Elevation— Maypole.  Coughlin,  L.  B. 
Anderson,  Mulcahy,  Govier,  McNichols,  Shaf- 
fer, Fick.  S.  M.  Hogan. 

Compensation — Watson,  Richert,  Kavanagh, 
Lipps,  Kovarik.  Moran,  Fisher.  Garner,  To- 
m"n. 

Parks,  Playgrounds  and  Beaches— Govier,  Jack- 
son, Passmore.  Piotrowski,  Haderlein,  Armi- 
tage.  Kovarik,  O'Toole,  Lyle. 

Gas  Litigation— Capitain,  Richert.  McCormick, 
Olsen,  Lipps,  Lynch. 

Police— Steffen.  Passmore,  Eaton.  Guernsey, 
Furman.  Govier.  Krumdick.  Cermak,  May- 
pole. Kunz,  Touhy,  Dorney,  C.  F.  Smith, 
Byrne.  Burns. 

Efficiency,  Economy  and  Rehabilitation— Mc- 
Cormick. Schwartz.  Richert,  Guernsey,  Wood- 
hull.  Novak,  Olsen,  Walkowiak.  Touhy, 
Bowler.  Franz.  Walker.  Steffen.  Link,  Pret- 
zel, Watson,  Adamowski,  Burns,  Fisher,  A. 
I  O.  Anderson.  Clark. 


882 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


CITY   CLERK'S   OFFICE. 
City  hall,  first  floor,  south  end. 

City   Clerk— James   T.   Igoe.    D. 

Chief  Clerk  to  City  Clerk— Edward  J.   Padden. 

Duties— The  city  clerk  keeps  the  corporate  seal 
of  the  city  and  all  city  council  documents. 
He  attends  the  meetings  of  the  council  and 
keeps  the  journal  of  its  proceeding's.  Most 
of  the  city  licenses  are  issued  through  his 
office.  He  is  secretary  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  the  firemen's  pension  fund.  The 
city  clerk  also  issues  hunters'  licenses. 
CITY  TREASURER'S  OFFICE. 

City  hall,  second  floor. 

Hours — 9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  open  to  public 
10    a.   m.   to   3    p.   m. 

City  Treasurer— Henry  Stuckart,  D. 

Assistant— Joseph   Rushkewicz. 

Chief  Clerk— Albert  J.  Keefe. 

Chief  Cashier— J.  C.   Smith. 

Duties — The  city  treasurer  is  an  elective,  char- 
ter officer  of  the  city  of  Chicago:  he  is  also 
school  treasurer  of  the  city  of  Chicago; 
treasurer  of  the  firemen's  pension  fund,  pub- 
lic school  teachers' ,  pension  and  retirement 
fund,  public  school  employes'  pension  fund, 
public  library  employes'  pension  fund,  mu- 
nicipal pension  fund  of  Chicago,  and  house 
of  correction  employes'  pension  fund.  The 
treasurer  receives  all  moneys  belonging  to 
the  corporation,  deposits  the  funds  in  bank, 
keeps  separate  accounts  of  each  fund  or  ap- 
propriation. He  is  the  custodian  of  the 
taxes,  license  fees  and  all  other  moneys  and 
securities  belonging  to  the  various  funds 
of  which  he  is  the  treasurer.  All  disburse- 
ments of  funds  are  made  by  the  treasurer 
on  warrants  signed  by  officials  who  are 
designated  by  statute. 

The  legislature,  by  statutory  enactments,  re- 
quires the  city  treasurer  to  render  reports  at 
stated  periods  showing  the  condition  of  the 
treasury  of  the  city  and  the  balance  of  money 
in  the  treasury,  and  to  make  such  additional 
reports  as  the  city  council  from  time  to  time 
shall  require.  For  this  reason  and  for  the 
further  purpose  of  supervising  and  limiting 
expenditures  to  the  amounts  appropriated  by 
the  city  council  for  each  object  and  pur- 
pose, the  treasurer  is  by  statute  required  to 
keep  the  accounts  of  all  funds  or  appropri- 
ations and  of  the  debits  and  credits  pertain- 
ing thereto.  The  city's  books  and  accounts 
must  be  kept  open  by  the  treasurer  for  in- 
spection by  the  committee  on  finance  and 
all  members  of  the  city  council  whenever 
information  concerning  the  city's  financial 
affairs  is  required. 

As  school  treasurer  he  is  required  by  the 
state  school  law  to  keep  books  and  accounts 
concerning  the  financial  affairs  of  the  board 
of  education,  including  a  record  of  the 
revenues  collected  from  taxation  or  re- 
ceived from '  the  state  common  school  fund, 
etc., .  and  to  make  reports  at  stated  periods 
concerning  the  state  of  the  school  treasury 
and  the  balance  of  money  in  that  treasury 
at  the  time  such  reports  are  made.  His 
books  and  accounts  concerning  school  mat- 
ters must  be  kept  open  for  inspection  by 
the  members  of  the  board  of  education 
whenever  information  concerning  the  finan- 
cial affairs  of  the  board  of  education  is 
required.  His  bond  at  the  present  time  is 
fixed  at  $2.000,000. 

CITY   COMPTROLLER'S    OFFICE. 
Room   501    city   hall. 

Comptroller — George  F.  Harding',   R. 

Deputy    Comptroller — Louis    E.    Gosselin,    D. 

Chief  Clerk— Roy  J.  Battis. 

Duties— The  comptroller  is  at  the  head  of  the 
department  of  finance,  of  which  the  treas- 
urer and  collector  are  also  members.  He  j 


is  charged  with  a  general  supervision  over 
all  the  officers  of  the  city  who  take  in  or 
pay  out  city  money.  He  is  the  fiscal  agent 
of  the  city  and  as  such  has  charge  of  deeds 
mortgages,  contracts,  etc.  He  audits  and 
settles  claims,  keeps  a  record  of  persons 
committed  to  the,  house  of  correction,  with 
fines,  etc.:  keeps  books  relating  to  appro- 
priations, makes  the  annual  estimates,  signs 
warrants  upon  the  city  treasury-,  etc. 
PAYMASTER'S  BUREAU. 
Room  503  city  hall. 

Paymaster— John  L.   Healy. 

Duties— The  city  paymaster  has  immediate 
charg-e  of  paying-  the  salaries  of  city  em- 
ployes, including-  school  teachers  and  library 
employes. 

CITY    COLLECTOR'S    OFFICE. 
City  hall,   first  floor,  room  107. 

City  Collector— William   H.   Wesbey    R 

Deputy  City  Collector  and  Cashier— George  F 
Lohman. 

Duties— The  city  collector  collects  all  license 
fees,  fees  for  inspections  and  permits,  com- 
pensation for  franchises  and  vehicle  tax; 
collects  on  special  assessment  warrants: 
transmits  such  payments  to  city  treasurer 
daily,  receipts  for  which  are  filed  with  the 
city  comptroller. 

CITY  LAW  DEPARTMENT. 
Corporation    Counsel. 

Corporation  counsel's  office,  fifth  floor  city 
hall:  telephone  main  447. 

Corporatipn  Counsel— Samuel  A.   Ettelson 

First  Assistant  Corporation  Counsel— Frank  S. 
Righeimer. 

Assistants— Charles  E.  Bombough,  James  W 
Breen,  C.  W.  Bidwell.  H.  Brouellet,  B.  A. 
Cronson.  Henry  T.  Chace,  Jr..  Morton  S. 
Cressy,  Eugene  H.  Dupee,  G.  A.  Dahlberg, 
Emanuel  Eller,  T.  Ehler,  George  W.  Ellis 
A.  O.  Erickson,  Harvey  C.  Foster,  George  P 
Foster,  Roy  S.  Gaskill,  A.  O.  Galvin  Leon 
Hornstein.  S.  Hamilton,  Benton  F.  Kleeman 
George  Kandilik.  T.  F.  Kuflewski,  Charles  E 
Peace,  Dan  A.  Roberts,  Gilbert  G.  Ogden, 
Edward  J.  Smejkal,  Harry  Starr,  J.  Sullivan, 
H.  A.  Tiffany,  O.  W.  Ulrich,  Edward  H. 
Wright. 

City  Attorney. 
Room  602  city  hall. 

City   Attorney— William   H.   Devenish. 

Chief  Assistant  City  Attorney— William  Rad- 
nitzer. 

Trial  Attorneys— Charles  Ewarts,  Henry  J 
Gibbs,  Robert  L.  Campbell. 

Assistant  Trial  Attorneys— Jerry  M.  Brunfield. 
James  Fleming. 

Assistant  City  Attorney— Charles  Holstrom. 

Appellate   Court    Attorney— Robert    H.    Farrell. 

Chief    Investigator— William    Stocker. 

Chief  Clerk— Age  Zylstra. 

Prosecuting   Attorney. 
604  city  hall. 

Prosecuting  Attorney— Harry   B.   Miller.   R. 

Chief  Assistant— Daniel  Webster. 

Chief   Clerk— L.   P.    Piquett. 

Assistants — Edward  J.  Lyons,  Rupert  Bippua 
Harry  W.  Meneley.  Charles  Roloff.  Francis 
Day.  Edward  H.  Luebeck.  Alex  Freundlick, 
William  Schulze.  William  L.  Morgan.  John 
Bugee.  Henry  E.  Ayers,  Lewis  C.  Ball,  Ernest 
Kasischke. 

Duties— The  corporation  counsel  superintends 
and  with  the  assistance  of  the  prosecuting 
and  city  attorneys  conducts  all  the  law  busi- 
ness of  the  city;  draws  the  leases,  deeds, 
and  other  papers  connected  with  the  finance 
department  and  all  contracts  for  any  of  the 
other  departments  of  the  corporation:  drafts 
such  ordinances  as  may  be  required  of  him 
by  the  city  council  or  its  committees  and 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


furnishes  written  legal  opinions  upon  sub- 
jects submitted  to  him  by  the  mayor  or  the 
city  council  or  any  department  of  the  city 
g-overnment. 

CITY   ENGINEER'S   OFFICE. 
City   hall,    fourth    floor. 

City  Engineer— P.  S.  Combs. 

Assistant  City  Engineer— V.  S.  Petterson. 

Chief    Clerk— W.   J.   Roach. 

Duties — The  city  engineer  has  charge  of  the 
construction,  maintenance  and  operation  of 
bridges,  viaducts  and  waterworks  and  per- 
forms all  such  services  for  the  commission- 
er of  public  works  as  require  the  skill  and 
experience  of  a  civil  and  mechanical  en- 
gineer. 

In   Charge    of   Divisions. 

Construction— J.  J.  Versluis. 

Operation — Frank   J.    McDonough. 

Water   Pipe    Extension— H.   L.   Lucas. 

Repairs    and    Shops— Col.    Henry    A.    Allen. 

Designing- — Maj.    M.    B.    Reynolds. 

Inspection  and  Testing— L.  S.  Marsh. 

Bridges  and  Viaducts— Thomas  G.  Pihlfeldt. 
BUREAU  OF  RIVERS  AND  HARBORS. 
,3/ embers  of  Board  Ex  Officio. 

Commissioner  of  public  works,  chairman;  city 
comptroller,  city  engineer,  harbor  master, 
superintendent  bureau  of  compensation, 
chairman  council  committee  on  harbors, 
wharves  and  bridges,  chairman  council  com- 
mittee on  compensation. 

Duties— Members  of  the  board  serve  without 
compensation  other  than  their  salaries  as 
city  officials.  They  have  the  management 
and  control  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  the 
municipal  pier  in  harbor  district  No.  1  and 
all  other  harbor  utilities  and  appurtenances 
when  they  are  ready  to  use.  The  board  keeps 
books  of  accounts  of  such  utilities  and 
makes  an  annual  financial  report  to  the  city 
council.  It  is  required  to  promote  the  full- 
est use  and  development  of  the  pier  and 
other  harbor  utilities. 

Superintendent   of   Piers — Hugo   Krause.   R. 

Duties— The    superintendent     of    piers    is     ap- 
pointed under  the  rules  of  the  civil  service 
board.      He    is    under    the     supervision    and 
control    of    the    harbor    board    and   performs 
such  duties  as  the  board  may  prescribe.    As 
his  title  implies,  he  carries  out  the  rules  of 
the  board   relating   to    the    operation    of   the 
municipal  pier  or  piers. 
DEPARTMENT   OF   PUBLIC    SERVICE. 
Room  613  city  hall. 

Commissioner — William  H.  Reid,  R. 

Secretary— P.    G.   Nix. 

Bureau    Supervisors. 

Transportation — R.    F.    Kelker,   Jr. 

Telephone— G.   W.  Cumminers. 

Gas   and   Electric — Fred  Abele. 

Duties-7-The  department  requires  all  public 
utilities  under  its  control  to  comply  with 
the  provisions  of  their  grants.  It  investigates 
such  utilities  and  gathers  information  con- 
cerning them:  receives,  investigates  and  ad- 
justs complaints  regarding  service,  rates, 
products  and  other  matters  relating  to  the 
health,  comfort,  safety  and  convenience  of 
the  public,  as  affected  by  such  utilities: 
conducts  tests  of  gas  and  electric  meters 
and  makes  reports  to  the  city  council.  The 
supervisor  of  transportation  handles  all  mat- 
ters relating  to  service  and  rates  of  street 
car  lines,  surface  and  elevated,  and  all  trans- 
portation complaints.  The  supervisor  of  the 
gas  bureau  handles  the  testing  of  gas  meters 
and  matters  relating  to  the  gas  service,  rates 
and  enforcement  of  laws.  The  supervisor  of 
the  telephone  bureau  looks  after  all  mat- 
ters relating  to  the  telephone  service  and 
rates.  The  supervisor  of  the  electric  bureau 


looks  after  the  electric  light  and  power 
service.  The  supervisor  of  the  engineering 
bureau  makes  certain  property  valuations 
and  prepares  maps,  charts,  utility  statistics 
and  engineering  data  for  the  other  bureaus. 

BOARD     OF      SUPERVISING     ENGINEERS- 
CHICAGO   TRACTION. 
105   South  LaSalle   street. 

Secretary — Lucius   H.   Davidson. 
Board   No.    1. 

Chairman — Bion   J.   Arnold. 

Representing  City  of  Chicago— F.  L.  R.  Fran- 
cisco. 

Representing  Chicago  City  Railway  Company 
and  Southern  Street  Railway  Company- 
Harvey  B.  Fleming. 

Representing  Chicago  Railways  Company- 
John  Z.  Murphy. 

Board   No.    2. 

Chairman — Bion    J.    Arnold. 

Representing  City  of  Chicago— F.  L.  R.  Fran- 
cisco. 

Representing   Calumet    &   South    Chicago   Rail- 
way  Company— Harvey   B.   Fleming. 
BUREAU   OF    WATER. 
City    hall,    first    floor. 

Superintendent — William  J.   McCourt. 

Chief   Clerk— George  J.  Feser. 

Accountant— James  J.   Dunn. 

Cashier — Otto  A.  Dreier. 

Chief   Water  Assessor— Thomas   H.  Byrne. 

Field  Assessor  in  Charge— J.  J.  Ward. 

Duties — The  superintendent  of  water  has  spe- 
cial charge  of  the  assessment  and  collection 
of  water  rates. 

BUREAU  OF   STREETS. 
Room   408    city   hall. 

Superintendent— Felix   S.  Mitchell. 

First  Assistant  Superintendent— Philip  Q. 
Rohm. 

Second  Assistant  Superintendent— W.  J.  Galli- 
gan. 

Third  Assistant  Superintendent — Otto  Ceder- 
wall. 

Duties — The  superintendent  of  streets  per- 
forms such  duties  as  are  required  of  him  by  t 
the  commissioner  of  public  works  or  the 
ordinances  of  the  city.  He  has  special 
charge  of  the  streets,  sidewalks  and  public 
ways  of  the  city  and  of  the  improvement 
and  repair  thereof,  except  where  such  re- 
pair or  improvement  is  to  be  paid  for  by 
special  assessment.  The  first  assistant  su- 
perintendent performs  such  duties  as  may 
be  required  of  him  by  the  commissioner  of 
public  works,  the  superintendent  of  streets 
or  the  city  ordinances,  and  acts  as  superin- 
tendent in  the  latter's  absence.  The  second 
assistant  superintendent  has  charge  of  the 
cleaning  of  the  streets  and  alleys  of  the 
city,  including  the  removal  and  disposition 
of  garbage,  litter,  dirt,  ashes,  offal  and 
other  materials.  He  also  sees  that  the  or- 
dinances relating  to  garbage,  etc..  are  en- 
forced and  that  violations  thereof  are  re- 
ported for  prosecution.  The  third  assistant 
has  charge  of  the  improvement  and  repairs 
of  the  streets  and  alleys,  except  where  such 
repairs  or  improvements  are  to  be  paid  for 
by  special  assessment. 

BUREAU    OF    SEWERS. 
Room  409  city  hall. 

Superintendent — George  E.  McGrath. 

Engineer  in  Charge  of  Benches  and  Grades- 
William  R.  Matthews. 

Inspector  in  Charge — Edward  J.  Hayes. 

Principal  Clerk— Ed  Cullerton,  Jr. 

Duties — The  superintendent  has  charge  of  the 
maintenance  of  sewers,  including  cleaning 
and  repairing;  issuance  of  permits  for  all 


884 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


connections:     approves    plans     for     all     new 
sewers    and    gives    final    inspection    and    ap- 


BUREAU   OF   MAPS. 
Room  410  city  hall. 
Superintendent— John  D.  Riley,  D. 
Duties— Has   special   charge    of   city   maps   and 
plats    and    all    mstte-s    pertaining-    to    street 
numbering-,   and  is  examiner  of  subdivisions. 
BUREAU  OF   COMPENSATION. 

Room  V-15  city  hall. 
Superintendent— Henry  V.  McGurren. 
Duties— Shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  com- 
missioner of  public  works,  have  charge  of 
and  receive  all  applications  for  permus  to  use 
streets  and  alleys,  or  public  grounds  or  any 
space  beneath  the  same;  shall  attend  to  all 
matters  connected  with  the  issuance  of  such 
permits:  also  act  in  an  advisory  capacity  to 
the  committees  on  comnensrtion.  local  indus- 
tries railway  terminals  and  streets  and  al- 
leys of  the  city  council.  The  superintendent 
is  ex  offlcio  member  of  the  Chicago  harbor 
board,  which  has  supervision  of  th?  munic- 
ipal pier,  and  acts  as  secretary  of  that  body. 
BOARD  OF  LOCAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 

City   hall,    second   floor,    south   end. 
Members— Michael  J.  Faherty,  president;  David 
W.    Clark,   vice-president;    L.    Withall,   assist- 
ant secretary:   Oscar  Wolff,   I-ene  Mantonya. 
Superintendent     of     Special     Assessments     and 

Secretary— Edward  J.   Glackin. 
Engineer  Board  of  Local  Improvements— Cicero 

Chief  Engineer  of  Streets— Julius  G.  Gabel- 
man. 

Superintendent  of  Sidewalks— N.  E.  Murray. 

Chief  Clerk— T.   Sullivan. 

Duties— Making  local  improvements  by  spe- 
cial assessments  in  accordance  with  the  lo- 
cal improvement  act. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GAS  AND  ELECTRICITY. 
Room  614  city  hall. 

Commissioner  of  Gas  and  Electricity— William 
G.  Keith.  R. 

Deputy  Commissioner  of  Gas  and  Electricity— 
*         Henry  Nixon. 

Superintendent    of    Construction — Harry    Leser. 

Chief   Electrical   Inspector— Victor  H.   Tousley. 

Electrical  Engineer  in    Charge— J.   C.   Hail. 

Electrical  Operating  Engineer— F.  H.  Snyder. 

Chief  Operator  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph— Frank 
W.  Swenie. 

Chief  Police  Operator— B.   E.  Thompson. 

Chief    Electrical    Repairs— Jacob   F.   Mehren. 

Chief    of    Fire    Alarm    Wires— Michael    Hanley 

Supervisor  of  Electrical  Mechanics— Daniel  F 
Cleary. 

Chief    Clerk— John    E.    Bradley. 

Duties— The    commissioner    of    gas    and    elec 
tricity   has   charge    of    the   construction,    op- 
eration   and    maintenance    of    the    municipal 
street    lighting    system,    the    fire    alarm    and 
police    signal    systems,    the   inspection    of    all 
electrical    installations,     the    registration     of 
electricians    and    the    examination    of    mov- 
ing  picture    operators. 
DEPARTMENT    OF    PUBLIC    WORKS. 
Room  406  city  hall. 

Commissioner— Charles    R.    Francis.    R. 

Deputy    Commissioner — William    Burkhardt,    R. 

Duties — The  commissioner  of  public  works  is 
the  head  of  the  department  of  public 
works,  which  embraces  the  bureaus  of  en- 
gineering-, streets,  sewers,  water,  maps  and 
plats,  compensation,  architecture,  city  hall, 
rivers  and  harbors,  waste  disnosal.  parks, 
playgrounds  and  bathine-  benches.  He  is 
also  chairman  of  the  harbor  board,  which 
has  jurisdiction  over  the  municinal  pier. 
The  commissioner  of  public  works  has 


special  charge  and  superintendence,  subject 
to  the  ordinances  of  the  city,  of  all  streets, 
alleys,  highways,  walks,  bridges,  viaducts, 
docks,  wharves,  public  places,  public  land- 
ings, public  grounds,  markets  and  market 
places  and  public  buildings  belonging  to  the 
city;  of  all  works  for  the  deepening  and 
widening  or  dredging  of  the  Chicago  river 
and  its  branches,  and  of  the  harbor  of  eaid 
city;  of  all  sewers  and  works  pertaining 
thereto;  and  of  the  waterworks  and  col- 
lection of  water  rates  and  fees  for  the  use 
of  water  or  for  permits  issued  in  connec- 
tion with  the  waterworks  system,  and  of 
all  sewerage  permits  and  licenses;  the 
awarding  and  execution  of  all  contracts 
for  any  work  or  public  improvement  not 
done  by  special  assessment,  and  the  letting- 
of  all  contracts  for  coal  for  use  of  any  de- 
partment of  the  city. 

BOARDS   OF  EXAMINERS. 
Suite    1008    city    hall. 

Board   of  Examiners   of   Stationary  Engineers. 

President— Edward   F.    Moore. 

First  Vice-President—Philip  M.  Gieseler. 

Second    Vice-President —Frank    A.    West. 

Chief    License    Inspector — Henry    G.    McMahon. 

Duties— The  board  of  examiners  of  stationary 
engineers  is  appointed  by  the  mayor.  It 
consists  of  three  members,  all  of  them  prac- 
tical engineers  and  competent  judges  of  the 
construction  of  steam  boilers  and  engines 
and  experienced  in  their  operation.  Th3 
board  examines  applicants  for  licenses  as 
engineers  and  boiler  or  water  tenders  and 
issues  to  such  applicants  as  are  found 
qualified  proper  certificates;  each  certifi- 
cate issued  expires  by  limitation  one  year 
from  date.-  An  application  for  an  engineer's 
license  must  be  accompanied  by  a  fee  of  $2 
and  for  a  boi^r  tende^  or  water  tender's 
license  by  a  fee  of  $1.  Applicants  are 
required  to  pass  by  a  percentage  of  70 
or  more. 

Board  of  Examiners  of  Plumbers. 

Chairman  (ex  officio)— Dr.  John  Dill  Robert- 
son, commissioner  of  health. 

Master   Plumber— Charles    K.    Todd. 

Journeyman    Plumber— William    W.    Petrie. 
Board  of  Examiners  of  Mason   Contractors. 

Chairman— Charles    C.    Stewart. 

Vice-Chairman—William    P.    Crowe. 

Duties— This  board  examines  applicants  as  to 
their  practical  knowledge  of  masonry  con- 
struction and  if  satisfied  as  to  competency 
issues  license.  License  expires  one  year 
from  date  of  issuance.  Original  license, 
$50;  renewal,  $25. 

DEPARTMENT    OF    BUILDINGS. 
Room    702    city    hall. 

Commissioner— Charles    Bostrom,    R. 

Deputy    Commissionpr — Pobert    Knight. 

Secretary— Peter   C.    Hoey. 

Duties— The  building  commissioner  sees  to  it 
that  new  buildings  are  put  up  in  accordance 
with  the  city  ordinances,  that  old  existing 
buildings  are  brought  into  compliance  with 
the  revised  building  ordinances,  th.it  fire 
escapes  are  provided  where  needed,  that  un- 
safe structures  are  demolished  or  repaired, 
that  safe  exits  are  provided  in  halls,  the- 
aters and  all  other  places  of  amusement; 
has  charge  of  the  insnection  of  buildings, 
theaters  and  signboards  and  the  semi- 
annual inspection  of  all  the  theaters  in 
Chicago. 

DEPARTMENT    OF    SUPPLIES. 
City  hall,    floor  3%. 

Business    Agent — James    Rea.    R. 

Duties^The  business  agent  buys  all  supplies 
for  city  departments. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


885 


BUREAU   OF    STATISTICS. 
Room     1005    city    hall. 

City    Statistician — John    B.    Strasburger,    R. 

Duties — The  bureau  of  statistics  being-  in  the 
department  of  the  mayor,  the  city  statis- 
tician does  whatever  work  may  be  assigned 
him  from  the  mayor's  office,  and  he  sup- 
plies data  on  municipal  subjects  to  the  al- 
dermen and  heads  of  departments  when- 
ever such  are  required  of  him.  And  he 
renders  like  service  to  the  general  public 
upon  call  or  letter  received,  from  any 
person  residing-  in  Chicago  or  elsewhere. 
MUNICIPAL  REFERENCE  LIBRARY. 
Room  1005  city  hall. 

Municipal  Reference  Librarian — Frederick  Rex. 

Duties — The  function  of  the  municipal  refer- 
ence library  is  to  provide,  arrange  and 
render  available  for  the  use  of  the  members 
of  the  Chicago  city  council,  its  various 
committees  and  municipal  department  and 
bureau  heads,  public  reports  and  other  data 
bearing  upon  the  legis'ative  and  adminis- 
trative projects  before  them.  All  laws  and 
ordinances  of  other  cities  or  states  bearing 
upon  the  questions  before  the  city  council 
are  secured  and  this  material  is  analyzed, 
indexed  and  prepared  so  that  it  will  be 
readily  at  hand.  The  library  keeps  on  file 
material  of  a  local  character  bearing  on 
local  questions  and  collects  and  compiles 
statistical  information  relating  to  the  ac- 
tivities of  all  branches  of  the  municipal 
government.  All  reports  printed  or  pub- 
lished by  the  different  governing  bodies  in 
the  city  of  Chicago  or  any  of  the  depart- 
ments or  bureaus  of  the  municipal  govern- 
ment are  kept  on  file.  The  library  pos- 
sesses one  of  the  most  complete  collections 
of  the  charters  and  ordinances  of  domestic 
and  foreign  cities  extant  in  the  United 
States.  A  large  number  of  municipal  jour- 
nals and  magazines  are  received  and  an  in- 
dex is  made  of  -all  ordinances  pending-  be- 
fore the  city  council  of  Chicago  and  other 
cities.  If  any  information  desired  is  not 
on  file  an  effort  is  always  made  to  secure 
it  as  promptly  as  possible. 

DEPARTMENT    OF    HEALTH. 
City   hall,    seventh    floor. 

Commissioner  of  Health— John  Dill  Robert- 
son, M.  D. 

Assistant    Commissioner — G.    Koehler,    M.   D. 

Secretary — E.   R.   Pritchard. 

Office  Secretary— S.  F.  Manning. 

Chief  Bureau  of  Vital  Statistics— M.  O.  Heck- 
ard,  M.  D. 

Chief  Bureau  of  Medical  Inspection— Heman 
Snalding,  M.  D. 

Assistant  Chief  Bureau  of  Medical  Inspection 
—I.  D.  Rawlings,  M.  D. 

Assistant  Chief  Bureal  of  Medical  Inspection 
— H.  O.  Jones,  M.  D. 

Director  of  Field  Quarantine— H.  N.  Bundesen, 
M.  D. 

Acting  Chief  Bureau  of  Sanitation— E.  Vernon 
Hill.  M.  D. 

Assistant  Chief  Bureau  of  Sanitation — Thomas 
J.  Claffy. 

Sanitary  Inspector  in  Charge  of  Baths  and 
Comfort  Stations — John  M.  Murphy,  M.  D. 

Director  Bureau  of  Foods,  Markets  and 
Farm  Products— Fus«ell  J.  Poole. 

Chief  Bureau  of  Food  Inspection — James  P. 
Kilconrse. 

Chief  Bureau  of  Hospitals — W.  K.  Murray, 
M.  D. 

Director   of  Laborato^v — F.    O.    Tonney.    M.   D. 

Pit.v    Physician— Clprp~f>o    W.    Leierh.    M.    D. 

Dennty  Tnsnector  in  Charge  of  Smoke  Abate- 
mpnt  Division — Frank  A.  Chwnbw*. 

Duties — The  commissioner  of  health  and  his 
assistants  enforce  state  ]PWS  and  city  ordi- 
nances relating  to  sanitation  and  cause  all 


nuisances  to  be  promptly  abated.  They 
keep  records  of  deaths  and  other  vital  sta- 
tistics, investigate  all  cases  of  contagious 
diseases  and  take  all  necessary  steps  to 
prevent  their  spread,  such  as  providing  for 
vaccination,  disinfection,  etc.  The  city 
physician  attends  to  all  cases  in  the  police 
stations  requiring  medical  attention. 
POLICE  DEPARTMENT. 

Headquarters— Fifth  floor  cuy  hall,  north  end. 

General  Superintendent — John  J.  Garrity 

Secretary  to  General  Superintendent— James  M 
Markham. 

First  Deputy   Superintendent-^John  H.  Alcock. 

Second  Deputy  Superintendent— Charles  E  Fra- 
zier  (tenth  floor,  north  end). 

Secretary  Police  Department— Si  Mayer  (tenth 
floor,  north  end) . 

Chief  Clerk— Phil  McKenna  (tenth  floor,  north 
end). 

Drillmaster— John  Bauder   (third  floor). 

Chief  of  Detectives— James  L.  Mooney. 

Custodian— Joseph  Capp  (third  floor,  south 
end) . 

Captains— Max  Nootbaar,  Thomas  P.  Cougrhlin. 
John  J.  Ryan.  Patrick  J.  Lavin.  Thomas  H. 
Costello,  Joseph  Smith.  P.  J.  Harding. 
Thomas  F.  Cronin,  James  Madden.  John  E. 
Ptacek,  Thomas  F.  Mergher.  John  D  Mc- 
Carthy, Stephen  B.  Wood,  Matthew  Zimm«r, 
Max  L.  Danner.  James  O'Toole.  William  W. 
Cudmore,  James  Gleason.  J.  C.  Mullins.  Mi- 
chael J.  Gallery.  William  F.  Russell,  James 
?r  1A11,man'  Wesley  H.  Westbrook.  Dennis 
M.  Mallory,  P.  J.  Gallery.  Morgan  A.  Collins. 
John  L.  Hoeran. 

Duties— The  police  department  is  charged  with 
preserving  order,  peace  and  quiet  and  enforc- 
ing the  laws  and  ordinances  throughout  the 
city.  Police  officers  have  the  power  to  make 
arrests  and  to  serve  warrants.  They  are  rs- 
quired  to  assist  firemen  in  saving  property,  in 
giving  alarms  of  fire  and  in  keeping  the 
streets  in  the  vicinity  of  burning  buildings 
clear.  They  are  also  required  to  take  notice 
of  all  obstructions  and  defects  in  the  streets, 
nuisances,  etc. 

HOUSE   OF   CORRECTION. 
California  avenue,  near  26th  street. 

Superintendent— Joseph  Simon,  R 

Deputy   Superintendent— P.  J.  O'Connell. 

House  of  Correction  Inspectors — Frederick  E. 
Erickson,  chairman:  G.  W.  Halleman  secre- 
tary; George  T.  Moxley. 

Duties— The  superintendent  has  charge  of  the 
house  of  correction  under  the  supervision 
and  direction  of  the  board  of  inspecto-s.  en- 
forces order  and  discipline,  receives  prisoners 
and  discharges  them  on  order  or  on  expira- 
tion of  sentence. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

Headquarters— 105    city   hall 

Fire   Marshal— Thomas   O'Connor. 

First  Assistant  Fire  Marshal  and  Department 
Inspector — Edward  J  Buckley. 

Secpnd  Assistant  Fire  Marshal  and  Chief  of 
Fire  Prevention  Bureau— John  C.  McDonnell 

Third  Assistant  Fire  Marshal— Arthur  R.  Sey- 
ferlich. 

Fourth  Assistant  Fire  Marshal— Jeremiah  J 
McAuIifle. 

Fifth  Assistant  Fire  Marshal— Patrick  J.  Eg-n 

Sixth  Assistant  Fire  Marshal — Tames  J.  Costin. 

Manager  of  Properties— John  F.  Cullerton. 

Department   Attorney — John   R    McCabe. 

Office   Secretary—William  J.   Short. 

Drillmaster— Battalion  Chief  Daniel  J.  Car- 
mndy. 

Battalion  Chief— 1st.  William  Dillon:  2d,  Ben- 
jamin O'Connor:  3d.  Fr^nk  Oswald-  4th 
Charles  N  Heaney:  5th.  Henrv  Wendt:  6th! 
Thomas  J.  Reynolds;  7th,  Michael  K^r-win  • 
8th.  John  P.  Stahl;  9th.  Pa'riok  Rog-rs: 
10th.  David  Mahoney;  llth,  John  J.  Cos- 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


tello;  12th.  Joseph  L.  Kenyon:  13th.  Frank 
Conway:  14th.  Michael  R.  Driseoll:  15th. 
James  Ward:  16th,  John  F.  Smith:  17th. 
George  H.  McAllister:  18th.  Edward  F.  Mc- 
Gurn:  19th,  James  Crapo:  20th.  Thomas  P. 
Kenney;  21st,  Anthony  McDonald:  22d,  Wil- 
liam H  Miller:  23d.  Eugene  Sweeney:  24th, 
John  Evans:  25th.  Michael  J.  Corrig-an;  26th. 

'Auxiliary     Battalion     Chiefs  —  John     Touhey. 
Charles  Persons.  Richard  Thomasius,  Francis 
Byrnes,  Daniel  Moore.  Andrew  Gillespie. 
'Superintendent    Insurance   Patrol— E.    T.    Shep- 
herd. 163  West  Monroe  street. 

Duties— The  fire  marshal. has  sole  and  absolute 
control  over  all  persons  connected  with  the 
fire  department  and  has  the  custody  of  the 
equipment  and  other  property  of  the  depart- 
ment. The  fire  inspector  investigates  the 
causes  of  fires  and  keeps  a  record  of  same. 
The  secretary  keeps  all  books  and  papers  of 
the  department  and  delivers  to  the  city  coun- 
cil and  other  departments  the  written  com- 
munications of  the  fire  marshal. 

BUREAU  OF  FIRE  PREVENTION  AND  PUB- 
LIC SAFETY. 

Headquarters— Room  603  city  hall. 

Chief  of  Bureau— John  C.  McDonnell. 

Fire  Prevention  Engineer  in  Charge— Charles 
W.  Hejda. 

Chief  Clerk— T.  J.  Sullivan. 

Duties— The  chief  of  fire  prevention  and  public 
safety  shall  have  the  power  and  it  shall  be 
his  duty  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  all  ordi- 
nances   of    the    city    of    Chicago    which    may 
tend  to  prevent  the  starting  or  spreading  of 
fires  or  disastrous  results  in  case  of  fires. 
CIVIL  SERVICE  COMMISSIONERS. 
Room  610  city  hall. 

Commissioners— Percy  B.  Coffin,  president:  Jo- 
seph P  Geary.  D.:  Alexander  J.  Johnson.  R. 

Secretary  and  Chief  Examiner— Harry  E.  Wai 
lace.  •  i.V-u 

Counsel— Hervey  V.  Foster. 

Duties— The  commissioners  classify  offices  and 
places  in  the  city  service,  fix  standards  of  du- 


ties, salaries  and  tests,  examine  applicants 
for  employment  in  such  offices  and  places, 
certify  to  the  heads  of  departments  as  re- 
quired the  names  of  those  standing  highest 
on  the  list  of  eligibles,  investigate  charges 
against  employes  in  the  classified  service,  re- 
move employes  for  cause  and  check  pay- 
ments. Two  weeks'  notice  by  advertisement 
of  the  time  and  pla«e  of  holding  examina- 
tions is  given. 

ELECTION  COMMISSIONERS. 
City  hall,  third  floor,  south  end. 
Commissioners— August  Lueders.  D.,  chairman; 
Bernard    Horwich.    R.,    secretary;    Frank    X. 
Rydzewski.  D. 

Chief  Clerk — James  F.  Sullivan 
Attorney— Colin  C.  H.  Fyffe. 
Duties— The  commissioners  fix  the  election  pre- 
cincts, provide  ballot  boxes,  tally  sheets,  poll- 
books  and  all  other  blanks  and  stationery 
necessary  in  an  election,  select  judges  and 
clerks  of  election,  canvass  the  returns  of 
votes  and.  in  brief,  have  charge  of  every- 
thing pretaining  to  the  registration  of  vote.rs 
and  the  holding  of  all  regular,  special  and 
primary  elections. 

OIL   INSPECTOR'S   OFFICE. 

Room  1013  city  hall. 
Oil  Inspector — Hugh   Norris,   R. 

CITY  ARCHITECT. 
Room  1012  city  hall. 
City  Architect— Charles  W.  Kallal. 

DEPARTMENT   OF   WEIGHTS   AND 

MEASURES. 

Vault  floor,  city  hall. 

Inspector  Weights  and  Measures — Morris  Eller. 

R. 

Chief  Deputy— William  F.  Cluett. 
DEPARTMENT    FOR    THE    INSPECTION    OF 
STEAM  BOILERS.   STEAM  AND  COOLING 

PLANTS. 

Room   111   city  hall. 
Chief  Inspector— George  E.  Nye. 


The  postoffice  and  all  other  United  States 
department  offices,  except  where  otherwise 
noted,  are  in  the  federal  building,  which  stand? 
on  the  square  bounded  by  Clark.  Adams  and 
Dearborn  streets  and  Jackson  boulevard.  Post- 
master William  B.  Carlile;  room  358. 
Appraiser's  Office — Harrison  and  Sherman-sts.; 

appraiser.   W.   H.  Clare. 

Department  of  Commerce— Room  629:  radio  in- 
spector,  Charles  E.  Kolster. 
Bureau   of   Foreign   and   Domestic   Commerce- 
Room  504:  K.  L.  Stancill,  commercial  agent. 
Custom  House— South  wing,   fourth  floor:   col- 
lector   John  R.  Ford    (acting)  :   naval   officer. 
William  Brown:   special  deputy  naval  officer, 
Edgar  C.  Hawley. 
Hydrographic  Office— Room  528:   Lieut.  W.  T. 

Cooper  in  charge. 

Immigration  Bureau— Pontiac  building.  Dear- 
born and  Harrison  streets:  inspector  in 
charge.  H.  R.  Landis. 

Inspectors   of   Steam  Vessels— Room  529:   Wil- 
liam Nicholas   and  John   F.   Hanson. 
Internal      Revenue      Department— East      wing, 
fourth  floor:  collector.  Julius  F.   Smietanka; 
chief  deputy.  Thomas  F.  Russell. 
Marine  Hospital— Clarendon  and  Graceland  ave- 
nues:  surgeon  in  command.   Dr.  J.  O.  Cobb. 
Postoffice     Inspector— Room      330:     James     E. 
Stuart  in  charge. 


GOVERNMENT    OFFICES    IN    CHICAGO. 


Railway  Mail  Service— Third  floor,  north  wing, 

room  308:  R.  S.  Brown,  superintendent. 
United    States    District    Attorney— Room    826: 
Charles    F.    Clyne:    chief    clerk.    William    A. 
Small. 

United    States    Engineer — 537    South    Dearborn 
street:  room  1201:   officer  in  charge,  Col.  W. 
V.  Judson.  corps  of  engineers.  U.  S.  A. 
United    States  Marshal— Rooms    804    and    806: 
marshal.  John  J.  Bradley;  chief  deputy.  Mau- 
rice Klein. 
United      States      Secret      Service— Room      881: 

Thomas  I.  Porter,  operator  in  charge. 
United   States   Subtreasury— First    floor,    north- 
west   section:    assistant    treasurer,    Robert    I. 
Hunt:   cashier.  Frank  C.  Russell. 
Weather  Bureau — Fourteenth   floor:   meteorolo- 
gist in  charge,   Henry   J.  Cox. 
SALARIES  OF  PRINCIPAL  OFFICIALS. 

District    attorney S10.000 

Postmaster  8.000 

Collector  of  customs 7.000 

Treasurer   5,000 

Marshal    5.000 

Naval   officer 5.000 

Internal  revenue  collector 6,000 

United  States  engineer 6.000 

Appraiser   4.500 

(Meteorologist    (weather) 4,000 


CHICAGO  CHURCH  FEDERATION. 


President— Dr.  Herbert  L.  Willett. 

First  Vice-President— Judge  A.   E.  Bradley. 

Second  Vice-President— Rev.  William  E.  Barton. 

Secretary— Wa.lter  E.  Mee. 

Recording  Secretary— N.  Clarence  Brown. 


Treasurer— Thomas  G.  Bolger. 

The  Chicago  Church  federation  in  1919  rep- 
re?entPd  thirteen  protestant  denominations  and 
700  churches. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


887 


SALARIES   OF  CHICAGO    CITY   OFFICIALS  AND   EMPLOYES      (1919). 


The  following-  list  includes  the  more  im- 
portant offices  and  positions  in  the  exempt  and 
classified  service  except  those  in  the  educa- 
tional department,  which  will  be  found  else- 


where in  this  volume.  The  salaries  are  those 
fixed  by  the  appropriatipn  bill  for  1919  and 
are  yearly  if  not  otherwise  specified. 


Mayor's  Office. 

Mayor  ..  818.000 

Secretary   6,000 

Clerk     2.460 

Stenographer    2.100 

Bureau   of  Statistics  and   Mu- 
nicipal Reference  Library. 

Chief     of    division $3,000 

City    statistician    1.320 

Library    assistant     1,260 

City  Council, 

Aldermen,  each 83,500 

Finance  committee — Sec- 
retary        4.200 

Chairman     4.000 

Examiner  in  charge...  4,800 
Expert  on  system.  1  at  3.600 
Efficiency  examiners.  2  at  2,580 
Efficiency  examiners,  2  at  2,040 
Accpunting  investigator  2,100 
Chairman  terminal  com- 
mittee    3,600 

City  Clerk. 

City   clerk    87.124 

Chief  clerk    4,600 

Reading  clerk    3,000 

Clerks    8960    to  2,460 

Council    secretary."  1    at  2,740 
Council  secretaries.  2  at  2.620 

Sergeant    at    arms 600 

Janitor  council  chamber    1,600 

Law  Department. 
Corporation  counsel. . .  810,000 

Assistant,   1 'at 7,500 

Assistant.   1  at 6.000 

Assistants.  3  at 4.500 

Assistants.  3  at 4.000 

Assistants,  3  at 3.600 

Assistants,  6  at 3.000 

Assistant,  1  at 2,500 

Assistants.  3  at 2.000 

Secy.  corp.  counsel. . .    1,800 
Atty.   board  local  im- 
provements       6.000 

Assistant 5.000 

Assistants,    2    at 3.000 

Law   clerk 2,400 

Attorney   civil   service 

commission 3,000 

Transportation  atty...  3.000 
Water  dept.  attorney.  2.500 
Clerks  ....81.020  to  2,400 
Prosecuting:  attorney.  6.000 

Chief   assistant 3.250 

Assistants.  16  at 2.000 

Docket  clerk 1.740 

City  attorney 6,000 

Chief  assistant 4.500 

Trial  attorney 3.600 

Asst.  trial  attorney...  2.100 
Asst.  trial  attorney..  .  2.000 
Appellate  court  atty..  3,000 
Asst.  city  attys..  2  at  1.800 

Chief  law  clerk 2.400 

Chief  investig-ator 2.750 

Investigators.  2  at.  .  .  1.620 
Investigators.  10  at..  1.320 

Clerks   8660   to  2.400 

Department  of  Finance. 

Comptroller   310. ono 

Deputy    and    city    and..   5,500 

Chief  clerk 3.8OO 

Accountant,  1  at 4.200 

Accountant,  1  at 3,300 

Paymaster    3.600 

Teller    2.340 

Chief    auditor    3,600 

Tellers.    4    at 2.460 


Investig-ator    $2.460 

Principal  clerk   2460 

Real    estate    agent 3, ($00 

Engineer     3,300 

City  treasurer    10,000 

Assistant  treasurer 6.000 

Chief    clerk    4.200 

Chief  cashier   4,200 

Cashier     3,000 

v-jll^r     2,460 

City  collector 6.000 

Deputy  city   collector.   3.600 

Head    clerk    3,000 

Election  Commissioners.* 

Attorney  for  board 85,000 

Chief    investigator 2,620 

Chief  audito-  2,620 

Ballot    expert 2,620 

Custodian    of    fllea 2,b20 

•Paid  by  county.    See  county 
salaries. 

Civil  Service  Commission. 

President     $7,500 

Commissioners,    2    at...   5000 

Chief  examiner 4,500 

Examiners    ...$1,600  to  3,000 
Department  of  Supplies. 

Business  ag-ent $6.000 

Head   buyer    3,000 

Storekeeper    1.860 

Head    clerk    2,620 

Principal    clerk    2.220 

Department  of  Police. 
General  superintendent. .$8, 000 

First   deputy   supt 5,800 

Second  deputy  supt 6.000 

Secretary  to  general  su- 
perintendent      3,000 

Department     secretary..  4,200 
Department  inspector . . .    3,600 
Inspector    moral    condi- 
tions      2,220 

Drillmaster     2,700 

Custodian    2,040 

Manager  properties 2.700 

Censors    "movies" 

81,560  to  1,740 

Subordinate  officers — 

Captains,    27    at 3,300 

Lieutenants.   83  at 2,500 

Sergeants,   355  at 2,200 

Patrolmen  and  policewomen — 
First  year,  3d  grade..  1,440 
Second  year,  2d  grade  1,560 
After  2d  yr..  1st  grade  1,800 
Policewomen.  29  at.  1.440 
Policewoman,  1  at —  1,200 
Detective  bureau— Chief  3,500 

Lieutenants,   4    at 2,500 

Head    clerk     3,000 

Serg-eants.  senior,  11  at  1,800 
Sergeants,    545    at....   1,900 
Records  section- 
Identification    insp 3.180 

Assistant.   1   at 1,860 

Department  stables — 
Foreman,   of   horses...   2,700 

Hostlers,  24  at 1.440 

Telegraph  bureau- 
Chief    operator     2,340 

Asst.    chief    operator..    1,980 
Police   operators,    153 

at     ....   1,980 

Ambulance  bureau — 

Chief    surgeon    3.300 

Surgeons,  32  at 1,680 


Dog-  pound — 

Poundmaster    $1,920 

Kennelman    1,740 

Dog    catchers,    13    at..  1,740 
Municipal  Court. 

Chief  justice  812,000 

Associate    judges.     20 

at  9,000 

Associate    judges,     10 

at  6,000 

Executive      to      chief 

justice 4.000 

Assistant  to  chief  jus- 
tice       4.000 

Assistants,  2  at 1.800 

Auditor 2.600 

Probation  officers — Chief 

probation    officer 3,250 

Probation   officers.   16 

at    1.660 

Psychopathic  laboratory — 
Director  of  laboratory  5.000 

Assistant      1,500 

Doctor  Morals  court..   3,000 
Office  of  the  clerk- 
Clerk     9,000 

Chief  deputy  clerk....  4.000 

Attorney    ,.   5,000 

Deputy  clerks. $420  to  3.000 
Office  of  the  bailiff- 
Bailiff   9,000 

Chief  deputy  bailiff..    4,000 
Asst.  deputy  bailiff . . .    2,600 

Attorney  3.000 

Bailiffs    ....$1,200    to  1,600 
House  of  Correction. 

Superintendent  83,600 

Assistant  superintendent  2,220 

Medical    superintendent.  3,300 

Fire  Department. 

Fire   marshal 88,000 

First    assistant    6,600 

Second    assistant     4,500 

Third    asistant 4,000 

Fourth    assistant    4.000 

Fifth    assistant 4,000 

Sixth    assistant    4,000 

Office    secretary    2,620 

Veterinary    surgeon 2.640 

Battalion    chiefs,    33 

Captains,    164    at 

Lieutenants,  168  at. 
Engineers,  119  at... 
Marine  engineers,  9 
A.S8t.  engineers.  118 

Stokers,     18     at 

Firemen,  1st  class... 
Firemen,  2d  class.., 

Firemen,    3d    class 1.440 

Pilots,    9    at ...2.280 

Fire  alarm  telegraph — 

Chief   operator    

Supt.    construction  .. 
Chief  electrical  repairs 

Chief    of    wires _. 

Operators   Union  scale 

Fire  protection  and  pub- 
lic     safety — 2d      asst. 

marshal,  chief   4.500 

Fire    prevention    engr.  3,SOO 

Building  Department. 
Building  commissioner.  .$8,000 
J>finuty  commissioner   ..   4.800 
Bldg.    insp.   in    charge..   2.880 

Office    secretary     3,000 

Architectural    engineer..   2,580 

Building1  inspectors 

$1,680    to  2,100 


at  3,300 
...  2,500 
...  2,200 
...  2,088 
at  2,088 
at  1,820 

1.820 

....1,800 
.1,560 


3,000 
2,700 
2.700 
2,700 


888 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Elevator     inspector     in 

Elevator     inspectors 1.680 

Plan  examiner,   1  at 2,040 

Estimator    ~-°A° 

Structural    iron    inep...   1,860 

Health  Department. 
Commissioner's  office— 
Commis.  of  health..  .$10.000 
Asst.    commissioner...    4,800 

Secretary   3.000 

Office    secretary     2,860 

Bureau  medical  inspection- 
Bureau  chief   4,200 

Division    of    contagious 

diseases— 
Asst.    bureau    chief...   3.600 

Quarantine  director   3,500 

Health  officers.$960  to  l.fiOO 
Inspectors..  $1. 680    to  1,800 
Division    of    child    hy- 

Asst.  bureau  chief....   2,640 
Division    of   school   and 
district  nursing — 

Supt.     of    nurses 2.280 

Field  nurses. Sri, 080  to  1,566 
Public  Baths  and  Com- 
fort    station — 

Caretakers   .$1,080  to  1,440 
Contagious  diseases  hos- 
pital—Supt 3.000 

Senior  hospital  physi- 
cians.  2    at 1.320 

Isolation  hospital— 

Head    nurse    1,200 

Emergency  hospital- 
Medical  superintendent   1,800 
Bureau  of  vital  statistics- 
Bureau    chief    3,600 

Senior   clerk    1,980 

Medical    clerk    1,980 

Bureau  of  food  inspection— 

B\ireau    chief    2.880 

Supervising-     inspector  1,920 

Veterinarian    1.860 

Food  inspectors.  69  at  1,680 
Inspectors..  $1.440     to   1,920 
Bureau    of    sanitary   in- 
spection— 

Bureau   chief 3,800 

Division     of     plumbing1 

and   sanitation— 
Asst.     bureau     chief..   2.800 
Supervising-    inspector.   2,220 
Sanitary         inspectors 

$1,680     to  2,220 

Ventilation     inspector 

in    charsre    2.880 

Laboratory— Director     ..   4,000 

Bacteriologist"    

$1.440    to   2,640 

Chemists    ...$1,560  to  2,100 
Bureau    of   Employment.    Gar- 
dens and   Woodyard. 

Supt.  employment S3, 000 

Assistant,    1    at 1.^40 

Assistant.    1    at 1.680 

Investigators.  3  at 1,740 

City  Physician. 

City  physician $4.000 

Assistants,    2    at 2,300 

Department    of    Inspection    of 

Steam  Boilers  and  Steam 

Plants. 

Chief    inspector $3.600 

Inspectors     ..$1,680    to  1.P60 

Department  of  Weights  and 

Measures. 

Insnector   $^.600 

Chi^f    deputy    2.70« 

Taximeter    inspector 1,560 


Smoke  Inspection. 

Smoke  inspector $4.000 

Deputy    in    charg-e 2,580 

Mechanical         engineers 

$1,920     to  2,040 

Department  of  Oil  Inspection. 

Inspector  of  oils $4.800 

Chief  deputy 2,700 

Deputy,    1    at 1,860 

Deputies,    3    at 1,560 

Boards  of  Examiners. 
Plumbers — 

Members,   2   at   $2,184 

Mason  contractors — 

Members,  2  at 2,000 

Engineers — 
President  and  member  2,500 

Members,    2    at 2,300 

License    inspector 1.920 

Board  of  Local  Improvements. 

President  $5.000 

Members.  4   at 4.000 

Supt.  spec,  assessments.    5.000 

Chief    clerk     3.800 

Clerks,     each. $1.200    to  2,460 

Head    accountant 3,000 

Engineer    of    board 4,000 

Chief  street  engineer 3.600 

Asst.   chief   sewer  engr.   3,000 
Gen.  street  repair  insp..  2,340 

Supt.     of     sidewalks 3,600 

Asst.    sxiot.    sidewalks..   1,920 

City  Markets. 
Market  master  (Haymar- 

ket)    $1.080 

Market    master    (M  a  x- 

well)   1.080 

Department  of  Gas  and 
Electricity. 

Commissioner  $8.00O 

Denuty    commissioner...  4,200 

Chief    clerk    3,000 

Bureau    electrical    engi- 
neering— Engineer  in 

charge    2,700 

Asst.  engineer.  1  at...   2.1GO 
Fire    alarm    and    police 
telegraph      repairs — 

General  Foreman 

Foreman     linemen 

Foreman  linemen.  5  at 
Electrical    rep  airers, 

22  at 

Telegraph    rep  airers. 

22     at     

Batterymen,    3    at 

Electrical  inspection — 

Chief    inspector    

Inspectors,  41  at 

Inspector  moving  pic- 
ture  operators    

Bureau  of  electric  lights — 

Foreman   2,400 

Lamp   repairers,    6    at  1,800 

Lamp    trimmers    1,800 

Operation  —  Foreman 

electric  lights    2,400 

Department  of  Public  Service. 

Commissioner  $6.000 

Secretary     2,620 

Traction  bureau— Trans- 
portation  supervisor  3.600 
Schedule     examiner...   2,040 

Inspectors    1,440 

Gas  bureau— Chief  tester    3.000 
Testers    ....$1.320    to  1,680 
Telephone    bureau— Tel- 
ephone supervisor...   3.ono 

Tnsnectors.    4    at 1,800 

Electrical    bureau — Elec- 
trical  supervisor    ...   3,300 


2.400 
2,400 
2,160 

".*  1.980 

2.160 
1,500 

3,180 
2,400 

1,500 


Department  of  Public  Works. 

Commissioner's  office — 

Commissioner    $10000 

Deputy  commissioner.    5.000 

Chief    clerk     4,000 

Contract    clerk    3,000 

Head    accountant    3,000 

Bureau  of  compensation — 
Supt.  of  compensation  4.200 

Title     searcher     2.460 

Bureau  of  maps  and  plats— 

Supt     of  maps    4,200 

Chief   draftsman    2,580 

Sanborn  map  expert..  2.580 
Draftsmen... $1,380  to  2.040 

Division  of  surveys — 

Engineer 3,000 

Assistant     engineer. ...   2,580 

Bureau  of  architecture — 
City   architect    4.800 

Bureau  of  city  hall — 

Chief    janitor    2,340 

Electrician    2.280 

Elevator         operators, 

per     month     123.75 

Chief    engineer    3,300 

Municipal  Pier. 

Superintendent    $3,000 

Principal  clerk   2,460 

Bureau  of  Parks,  Public  Play- 
grounds and  Bathing  Beaches. 

Offioe    secretary     $3.300 

Parks,  farm  and  forestry— 
Senior  park  foreman ..  1.500 
Tree  foreman,  per  day     4.00 

Laborers,    per    day 3.50 

Foreman   gardeners...   1.080 

Playgrounds— Supt 2.700 

Directors  ...$1.320  to  1,500 
Physical  instructors... 

$960     to  1,200 

BP  thing  beaches — 
Director     in     charge. .   2,040 
Directors    ..$1,320    to  1.440 

Life    gruards     1,320 

Bureau  of  Streets. 

Superintendent's  office — 

Superintendent     $5,300 

First  assistant  supt.  ..  3.840 
Second  assistant  supt.  4.200 
Principal  clerk  2.460 

W->rd    supervision — 
Superintendents.  28  at    2,810 
Superintendents,    3    at  2.690 
Superintendents,    3    at  2.390 

Street    and    public    util- 
ity inspection— Chief 

street    inspector 3,300 

Inspectors.     15    at 2,220 

Inspectors.    2    at 1.860 

Gr>"hp£r»  londingr  stations — 

Superintendent    2.460 

Bureau   of    Waste   Disposal. 

Fo^pmpn  reduction  wks.$3.600 
Assistant     foreman....   2,250 
Bureau  of  Sewers. 

Superintendent's  office — 

Superintendent     $4.200 

Assistant    engineer     ..  2.580 

House  drains — Inspector 

in    charge    2,220 

Repairing  sewers— Fore- 
man  bHckiayer    2,720 

Foreman     sewer    pipe 

yards     2,280 

Bureau  of  Engineering. 

City  engineer $8.000 

Assistant  city  engineer.    5.00O 

Thief    clerk     3,600 

Testing  division — 
Engineering    chemist..    2.580 
Assistant  chemist    2.040 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


889 


Division  of  bridgres — 

Engineer    of     bridges.  $5, 300 

Engineer    construction  3,300 

Engineer  bridge  design    2,580 

Bureau  of  Rivers  and  Harbors. 

Harbor   master S3. 000 

Assistant    harbor    mas- 
ters.   3    at 1,440 

River    service  —  Vessel 

dispatcher     1,440 

Assistant    dispatchers. 

2    at    1.320 

Bridg-e  operation — 
Bridget enders,    149    at   1,440 
Bridgetendere,    12   at..    1,200 
Bridgetenders,  91  at..   1,320 
Pumping  Stations   (Water). 

Assistant  engineer $3.300 

Chief    oper.    engineers..   3.300 
Asst.     oper.    engineers..   2,400 

Firemen 1,680 

Oilers 1,680 

Lake  cribs  and  tunnels— 

Diver     2,580 

Diver's    helper 1,440 

Crib  keepers.81.620  to  1.780 
Junior     crib     keepers, 
each 1.380 


Designing-    division — En- 
gineer    §4,000 

Engineers   ..$2,100  to  2,340 

Construction  division — 

Engineer  3,600 

Assistant     3,300 

Tunnel    foreman     3,300 

Water  pipe  extension — 

Superintendent     4,800 

Asst.  superintendent..  3,000 
Asst.  engineers,  4  at.  2.580 
Principal  clerk  2,460 

Water  meter  shops — Gen- 
eral   meter    foreman  2,700 

Assistant    foreman 2,100 

Foreman   meter    shops  2,100 

Municipal  power  plant- 
Engineer     2,400 

Bureau  of  Water. 

Superintendent's  office — 

Superintendent     $4,800 

Collection  division — 

Principal    clerk    3,600 

Cashier    3.000 

Teller    2.460 

Assessed  rates  subdivision — 

Principal    clerk    2,220 

Sen.  clerks. SI. 620  to  1,980 
Junior  clerks$l,080  to  1,500 


Meter  rates  section — 

Principal  clerk  $2,220 

Sen.  clerks.. $1.620  to  1.980 
Junior  clerks. $1,080  to   1,500 
Rate  takers.$l,440  to     1,800 
Assessor's  division — 

Chief     assessor     3,900 

Field    assessor    2,460 

Field  assessors 

$1,440    to  1,800 

Shut-off  section- 
Shut -off    men,    19    at.    1.200 
Permit  and   map  subdi- 
vision—Senior clerk...    1,620 

Draftsman     2,040- 

Draftsmen,    7    at 1,620 

Auditing  division — 

Accountant     2.46O 

Senior    clerks,    3    at...    1980 
Senior    clerks.    3    at..   1,740 
Junior  clerks.$l,320  to  1,500 
Public  Library. 

Librarian    $7,200 

Secretary     6.000 

Assistant    librarian    ....   3.600 
Supervisor   pf  branches  3,000 

Division    chiefs 

$1,800    to  3,300 

Others    $600    to 1.740 


CHICAGO   APPROPRIATIONS   FOR    1919, 


CORPORATE   PURPOSES  FUND. 

Mayor's  office   $29.765.00 

Bureau  of  statistics  and  library.  7.830.00 

City   council    246.375.00 

Committee   on   finance 54.820.00 

Committee   on    transportation....  2,500.00  | 
Committee      on      g-as,      oil      and 

electric  lig-ht   5.000.00 

Committee  on  efficiency,  etc 6.785.00 

Committee  on  judiciary 3,500.00 

Committee  on  g-as  litigation 85.000.00 

Committee  on  streets  and  alleys.  300.00 
Committee   on   harbors,    wharves 

and   bridges    300.00 

Committee  on  buildings  and  city 

hall    5,000.00 

Chicago  plan  commission 31.000  00 

Committee  on  public  health 

Committee   on   police 5.000.00 

Committee  on  railway  terminals.  62.000.00 

Committee  on  local  industries...  20.500.00 

City   clerk    77.164.92 

Corporation   counsel    351,162.88 

Prosecuting  attorney  47,341.40 

City   attorney    73960.00 

Comptroller's  office   285.650.00 

Comptroller's   office:    interest 920.000.00 

Comptroller's    office:    miscell'ous  1,921.882.65 

City  treasurer  80,435.30 

City  collector   166,560.00 

Election  commissioners-^General  1,129.675.00 

Cpnstitutional  convention 225.9^0.00 

Civil   service   commission. 74.420  00 

Department  of  supplies 36.320.00 

Department   of   police 9,402,623.12 

Municipal   court    1,000.896.00 

House   of  correction — General....  415.483.25 

Farm  colony    40.850.00 

Department   of   fire 5.056.890.48 

Department   of  buildings 140.025.00 

Department   of   health 1,282.935.84 

City  physician    9,100.00 

Oil  inspection    15.96D.OO 

Inspection— Boilers,   etc 48.480.00 

Dept.  weights  and  measures 37.39140 

Boards  of  examiners 27.688.00 

Hospitals     20.000.00 

Board   of  local  improvements....  871.533.04 

Public  benefits 776,324.72 

City    markets    2.235.00 

Dept.   of   gas   and   electricity 2.257,878.00 

Department  of  public   service...  94,142.31 


Department   of  public  works: 
Commissioner's  office  .......... 

Bureau  of  compensation  ....... 

Bureau  of   maps   and   plats  ____ 

Bureau  of  architecture   ....... 

Bureau  of  city  hall  ............ 

Bureau    of   parks,    playgrounds 
and  beaches   ................. 

Bureau  of  waste  disposal  ...... 

Municipal  pier   ................ 

Bureau   of    streets  ..............    3,961,79000 

Bureau  of  sewers  ..............        476,604.00 

Division    of    bridges    and 
viaducts   .....................      $365.300.00 

Bureau  of  rivers  and  harbors.  .        569.270.00 


$71.020.00 

9.960.00 

50,554.19 

8,000.00 

342.586.00 

669,739.80 

538,960.00 

97.765.00 


Total    34,618,483.20 

RECAPITULATION. 

Corporate  purposes  fund $34.618.483.20 

Water  fund    8,878.980.16 

Vehicle  tax  fund 1.088.350.00 

Sinking-  fund  and  interest 6.785.017.68 

Interest   on   judgments 598.888.06 

Judgment  funding-  bond  fund. .        9.500.000.00 

School  tax  fund 28,575.750.00 

Municipal      tuberculosis 


tarium  fund 
Public  library  fund 
Traction   fund    ---- 
Unclaimed  rebate  fund  . 
Police  pension   fund 


Firemen's  pension   fund 

Municipal  pension  fund 

Twelfth  St.   viaduct  bond  fund 

Proposed  bond  issue  appropri- 
ations for  Michigan  avenue 
and  Ogden  avenue  improve- 
ments   

Health  department  bond  fund 
for  completion  of  municipal 
garbage  reduction  works 

Waste  disposal  building  and 
equipment  bond  fund 

Health  department  building- 
bond  fund — Baths  

Health  department  building- 
bond  fund— Contagious  dis- 
ease hospital  

Health  department  building- 
bond  fund— Contpgrious  dis- 
ease hospital,  ward  building 
No.  2  . . 


1.772.188.72 
1,355.000.00 
20,000.00 
25,000.00 
1.210  000  00 
550000.00 
496.793.50 
1.200.000.00 


7.000.000.00 


18.262.23 
403.972.18 


54.288.98 


97,083.12 


267,713.03 


890 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


House  of  correction  bond 
fund— John  Worthy  school.. 

School  for  Boys  bond  fund.... 

House  of  correction  bond 
fund — House  of  shelter  and 
farm  colony  

Public  comfort  station  bond 
fund  

Michigan  avenue  street  im- 
provement bond  fund 

Police  department  building- 
bond  fund  


$405.89 
29.464.75 


143.089.57 

142.161.09 

2.700,181.37 

589,998.92 


Municipal  street  lighting 
bond  fund  

Bathing:  beach  bond  fund 

Bathing-  beach  and  play- 
ground bond  fund 

Fire  department  building:  bond 
fund 

Harbor  construction  bond  fund 

Bridge  bond  fund 

Total  ._ 

Grand  total  . 


$929.864.14 
648.61 

66,833.96 

73.441.23 

262.352.67 

5.284.500.00 

19.264.261.74 

114,738.713.06 


STREET    LIGHTING    IN    CHICAGO. 


The  municipal  street  lighting-  system  of  the 
city  of  Chicago  is  the  largest  municipally  oper- 
ated system  in  the  world.  Electrical  energy  is 
purchased  from  the  sanitary  district  of  Chi- 
cago, generated  at  its  hydro-electric  plant  at 
Lockport,  111.  Power  is  transmitted  a  distance 
of  thirty  miles  over  three  44.000  volt.  3  phase. 
60  cycle,  transmission  circuits  mounted  on 
steel  towers  paralleling  the  main  drainage 
canal,  and  delivered  to  the  terminal  station  at 
31st  street  and  Western  avenue.  From  the 
terminal  station  the  electrical  energy  is  dis- 
tributed over  12.000  volt  city  underground 
transmission  cables  to  eleven  city  substations, 
from  which  the  distributing  lamp  circuits  are 


supplied    and    controlled.      The    investment    in 


transmission  cables,  substations,  conduits, 
wires,  cables,  lamps  and  equipment  has  a 
present  value  of  over  $8,000,000. 

In  addition  to  the  municipally  operated  sys- 
tem, electric  lights  are  rented  from  private 
corporations  to  light  those  portions  of  the 
city  where  the  municipal  system  has  not  been 
extended,  also  gas  and  gasoline  lights  are  op- 
erated under  contract  to  light  the  less  inten- 
sively populated  seqfions  where  the  investment 
necessary  for  electric  lights  would  be  uneco- 
nomical. 

The  following  table  is  a  synopsis  of  the 
lamps  in  service  and  the  annual  cash  cost  for 


1917  and  1918: 

, 1917 , 

Type   of  lamps.  Lamps.     Costs. 

Flame  arc.  alternating  current 6,595    $35.10 

Inclosed  alternating  current  arc 63      21.07 

1.000   candle   power  20   ampere   incandescent 244       24.56 

600  candle  power  10  ampere  incandescent  — ; 15.203 

600  candle  power  20  ampere  incandescent 2,992 

250  candle  power  6.6  ampere  incandescent 102 

100   candle  power  4  ampere  incandescent 56 

100  candle  power  6.6  ampere  incandescent 8,900 

Subway,  municipal  1.323 

Subway,  contract 4,669 

Flame    arc,   rented 1,311 


24.90 

24.13 

12.09 

5.60 

8.22 

6.0 


22.70 
25.95 
24.12 
27.40 
15.00 
9.36 


Magnetite  arc,  rented 12 

600  candle  power  series  incandescent,  rented 102 

600  candle  power  multiple  incandescent,  rented 42 

Tungsten,    rented   87 

Gas,  standard  4 6.102 

Gas,  ornamental  1,514 

Gas.  double  mantle 7 

Gasoline    5,273 

The  following  table  shows  the  relative  cash 

costs    of    lighting    the    fcity   during    the    years  I  Rented  electric  ...   $145.622.06 
1917  and  1918:  Municipal  electric..     805,157.46 

1917.  1918.  

Gas    $158.565.25        $148.317.61        Total    1,321.962.49 

Gasoline  212.617.72          217,885.85  '  Cost  per  1,000  d.  1.  14.03 


09 
7.08 
76.69 
64.19 
61.49 
69.30 
23.31 
20.54 
21.79 
30.68 
40.33 
1917. 


1918 % 

Lamps.  Costs. 
165  $32.72 

40 

247 

14,911 

9.495 

30 

4.661 

8,762 

1,323 

4,599 

1.235 

lit 

271 

46 

120 

5,856 

1.251 


4.52 
7.56 
76.40 
63.90 
61.19 
69.03 
19.74 
20.47 
21.52 
27.55 
44.40 
1918. 

$152,026.36 
764,941.80 

1.283.171.62 
13.95 


56 
4,907 


GOVERNORS  OF   ILLINOIS. 


Shadrach  Bond,  Dem 1818-1822 

Edward    Coles,    Dem 1822-1826 

Ninian  Edwards.  Dem... 1826-1830 
John  Reynolds.  Dem....  1830-1834 
Wm.L.  D.  Ewinp.*  Dem.1834-1834 
Joseph  Duncan,  Whig..  .1834-1838 

Thomas   Carlin.    Dem 1838-1842 

Thomas  Ford.   Dem 1842-1846 

Augustus  C.French. Dem. 1846-1853 
Joel  A.  Matteson.  Dem.. 1853-1857 
Wm.  H.  Bissell.t  Rep.  .1857-1860 
John  Wood,  Rep 1860-1861 


Richard  Yates,   Rep 

Richard  J.Oglesby,  Rep 
John  M.  Palmer.t  Rep. 
Richard  J.Oglesby.  Rep 
John  L.  Beveridge,  Rep 
Shelby  M.  Cullom.S  Rep 
John  M.  Hamilton,  Rep. 
Richard  J.Oglesby.  Rep. 
Joseph  W.  Fifer,  Rep... 
John  P.  Altgeld.  Dem... 
John  R.  Tanner,  Rep... 


1861-1865 
1865-1869 
1869-1S73 
1873-1873 
1873-1877 
.1877-1883 
1883-1885 
1885-1889 
1889-1893 
1893-1897 
1897-1901 


Richard  Yates,  Jr.,  Rep.1901-1905 
Charles  S.  Deneen,  Rep.1905-1909 
Charles  S.  Deneen,  Rep,1909-191G 
Edward  F.  Dunne,  Dem. 1913-1917 
Frnnk  O.  Lowdon,  Rep..  1917-1921 
*Served  only  fifteen  days,  com- 
pleting Reynolds'  term.  fDied 
in  office;  succeeded  by  John 
Wood.  ^Democrat  after  1872. 
^Elected  United  States  senator; 
succeeded  by  John  M.  Hamilton. 


CHICAGO  HIGH  SCHOOL  COLORS. 


Austin — Red  and  white. 
Bowen.   James  H.— Purple   and 

gold. 
Calumet — Maroon    and    light 

blue. 

Carl  Schurz — Purple  and  gold. 
Crane.      Richard     T.— Crimson 

and  royal  blue. 
Curtis.     George     W.— Red     and 

green. 


Englewood— Purple  and  white. 
Farragut — Red   and   white. 
Harrison    Technical — Blue    and 

gray. 

Hyde  Park — Blue  and  white. 
Jefferson — Pnrple  and  gold. 
Lake— Old  blue  and  gold. 
Lake  View— Red  and  white. 
Lane    Technical — Myrtle    green 

and  old  gold. 


Marshall— Maroon  and  old  gold. 
McKinley — Orange   and  black. 
Medill— Maroon   and  white. 
Phillips,     Wendell— Red-   and 

black. 

?enn — Green   and    white. 
South     Chicago — Purple     and 

trold. 

Tuley — Old   gold   and   blue. 
Waller,  Robert  A.— Royal  blue 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


891 


FINANCES   OF   THE    CITY   OF   CHICAGO    (1918). 

[From    annual    report    of   Comptroller   Eugene   R.  Pike.] 


GENERAL  BALANCE   SHEET. 

Dec.  31.   1918. 

Assets. 

Cash    with    treasurer $39.151,326.34 

Cash    with    departments 20,75000 

Taxes    for    collection 39,285,679.86 


Warrants    for    collection 

Collections    being-    transmitted., 

Interest    on    deposits 

Cash    capital    accounts , 

Material    capital    accounts , 

Deposit   Com.    Edison   Co 

Judgments     

Juror's    certificate    paid 

Adjustment    due    

Liberty    loan    bonds. 


1.042.922.19 
569.028.35 
442,971.85 
865.834.74 
1,161.115.13 
11.821.43 
5,988.76 
3.50 
4,010.14 

761  635.00 

Unsold    bonds    .,    11,389,500.00 


Total    94,712,587.29 

Contingent  -  assets    16.591,552.71 

Fixed    assets    214,769.758.75 


Grand    total    326,073,898.75 

Liabilities. 
Vouchers   audited    .,  ....    10.581,043.88 


Loss   in   collection    taxes 

Tax    warrants    outstanding- 

Accrued    interest    

Due   beneficiary    funds 

Reserve     

Certificates  indebtedness   

Judgments    

Excess  current   assets   


2,207,250.24 
16,837,500.00 
281,673.51 
18,484.96 
5,873.31 
500.000.00 
4,943.05 
64,275,818.31 


Total    94,712.587.29 

Excess    contingent    assets 16.591.552.71 

Deferred  liabilities   53.146,903.07 

Excess   fixed   assets 161,622.855.68 


Grand  total    326.073,898.75 

CORPORATE   PURPOSES   FUND. 
Revenue. 

Taxes— Corporate     $11,910.401.58 

Less  reserve -for  loss \         714,624.09 


11,195,777.49 

Miscellaneous    ..    11,533,124.85 

Playground   purposes    401.046.58 

Unclaimed   rebate    144, 377. 22 

Sinking  fund  for  bonds 1.459,951.80 

Sinking    fund    for   interest 34,633.40 

Vehicle   tax   fund 1,277.821.3} 

Deposits   street   railways 14.764.16 

Payment  of  judgments 329,502.48 

Proceeds   of  bonds- 
Judgment   funding    95  82 

Police    dept.    building 57,195.33 

House  of  shelter 109,370.00 

Fire    dept.   building 55.178.05 

Health    dept.    building 19.215.2(5 

Health    dept.    hospitals 514.227.74 

Comfort    station    7.965.71 

Mich.    Ave.    improvement 3,504.510.81 

Munic.  street  lighting- 1.141.552.63 

School    for  -boys 214,891.50 

Bathing   beach    7.25 

Beach  and  playground... 27,6 '0.91 

Garbage   reduction    work 3.23110 

Waste  disposal    272,68961 

Harbor    construction    40. 859.7: 

Bridge    445,930.26 

Total    revenue    32.805,561.13 

Expense. 

Operating    ...    23,464.375.75 

Repairs   and  renewals 2,652,569.5;} 

Interest     3.933.407.80 

Construction    6,460.974.45 

Judgments  paid    444.313.10 

Total    expense    34,955.640.6"> 

Excess  of  expense ..  2,150.079.52 


WATER. 

Revenue. 

Ordinary    $7.625,134.54 

Extraordinary   7.60 


Total    ........................      7.625.142.14 


3.853,942.36 
779.0 


Operation 

Repairs   and   renewals  ..........  779.057.6 

Interest    ........................  25,631.89 

Construction     ...................  2.171.212.47 

Redemption  certificates    ........  57.752.85 

Judgments  paid  ................  14,287.00 

Investments   ...  .................  25.000.00 


Total    expense 6.926.884.25 

Excess   of   revenue 698,267.89 

SCHOOLS. 

Revenue. 

Taxes    $17,649,049.61 

Less   reserve    for   loss 1.058.942.97 

Miscellaneous    3.788.952.22 


Total  revenue 20,379.058.86 

Expense. 

Interest   on  tax  warrants 95,567.33 

Other   expense    23,372.683.58 

Total  expense    

Excess    of    expense , 


23.468,250.91 

....  3,089,192.05 
PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 
Revenue. 

Taxes    $866.211.03 

Less  reserve   for   loss    51,972.66 

Miscellaneous     5,957.23 

Total    revenue    820,195.60 


Operating-    . . . 

Interest     

Repairs    

Increase  of  library   . 

Total    expense    

Excess    of   revenue 


Expense. 


534.125.36 

1,974.60 

45.002.29 

107.209.89 

688,312.14 
131.883.46 


TUBERCULOSIS     SANITARIUM. 
Revenue. 

Taxes    $1.015.200.00 

Miscellaneous     19.865.74 

Total    revenue 1,035,065.74 

Expense. 

Operation     944,423.55 

Repairs      26,697.50 

Construction 151.903.27 


Total     expense     1.123.024.32 

Excess    of    expense    87,953.58 

-    SPECIAL    ASSESSMENTS. 

Receipts    $13. °52. 795.42 

Expenditures    14.353.264.31 


Excess   expenditures 
SUMMARY 
Funds.  R 

Corporate    .. 

Tributary     

Waterworks 

Schools     

Public  library. 
Sanitarium  ... 
Fund  for  bonds 
Special 

ments 


1,100,468.89 

FUNDS. 

R^vnne  Expense. 

$22.728.902.34   $24.878,981.86 
21,911.764.82      10,092.421.26 

7,625.142.14 
20,379.058.86 
820,195.60 
1,035.065.74 
3,731,316.38 


6,901.884.25 

22. 700. 615.91 

688.312.14 

1.123,024.32 

3,798.386.38 


13.252.795.42      14.353.264.31 
Totals     .        ..   91,484,241.30     84,542,890.42 


892 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


VEHICLE    TAX    FUND    (1918). 
Verenue. 

Balance.  Jan.  1.   1918 $233.909.47 

Vehicle    tax    license     1,130,764.12 

Interest    on    funds    !f'2£§-§! 

Miscellaneous     28.506.86 


Total    revenue    1,406,229.78 

Expense. 

Repair   of   streets    ZooTroZ 

Miscellaneous    5o2.34t  ,.ob 

Total    expense     1,277,821.33 

FIXED   ASSETS   OF   CHICAGO    (1918). 
Corporate    Purposes. 

Real  estate   

Buildings     

Equipment     

Bridges,    viaducts,    etc 

Miscellaneous     

Wharfing-    


$3.350,453  40 

18,811,949  33 

17.597  298  53 

6.600.280.52 

572,668.49 

21,247.04 


Total     ..........................  46,953,897.31 

Real  estate  5C*°°?!:..     .  13.442.9-1.14 

Building   and  "equipment    ......  6°^,033.70 

Real   estate,    school    fund  .......  10.679.875.94 


Total     ..........................   81,958,880.78 

Public   Library. 
Real  estate  14,750.00 

e  - 


Equipment     ......................  . 

Total    ..........................  3,240,208.90 

Waterworks. 

Real  estate                         .........  1,191,193.02 


Eouioment 


, 

8,710.777.45 
61.027,796.53 


Total    ...........................  77,093,245.04 

Tuberculosis    Sanitarium. 

Real  estate  ..................  322.661.30 

Building      ......................  1.993,052.19 

Equipment    ......................  207,81323 

Total     ..........................  2.523,526.72 

Summary. 

Corporate    purposes    .....  .......  46,953,897.31 

Schools     ......  ..................  81.958.880.78 

Public    library    ..................  3.240.208.90 

Waterworks      ....................  77.093.245.04 

Tuberculosis    sanitarium     ......  2,523,526.72 


Total     211,769,758.75 

STATEMENT   OF   CHICAGO'S   DEBT. 
Constitutional  debt  incurring:  power  and  limita- 
tion Dec.  31.  1918. 

Refunding  bonds    S3.489. 200.00 

Bonds    of    original    issue 31,919.500.00 

Gross    funded    debt 35.408.700.00 

World's  Fair  bonds,  exempt  ..      2.626,000.00 

Funded   debt.    nonex,3mpt.  .  ..   32,782,700.00 
Less  cash  in  sinking  funds.  .  ..         596,804.12 

Total   constitutional  debt.  .  ..   32.185.895.88 
Added  debt   7.8^3.0->4.91 

Total   constitutional  debt 40,068.950.79 

Debt   incurring-    power 54.138.189.00 

Power  not  exercised 11,389.500.00 

FUNDED  DEBT  DEC.  31.  1918. 

Bonds.  Interest.         Amount. 

Municipal    .°>M.         $730.^00.00 

Municipal.  Morgan  Park.... 4%  5,00000 

World's     Fair 4  2,626,000.00 

Judgment    funding 4  2.159.000.00 

Judgment  funding 4%  147.000.00 

Permanent    improvement.... 4  816.000.00 

General   corporate 4  600.000.00 

General    corporate 4  5,519.000.00 

General    corporate 4%  49600000 

City  hall 4  2.580,000.00 

Sower   refunding 4  684,000.00 

Health  Dept.  building 4  66100000 


Bathing  beach 4  $46800000 

Bridge    4  2,665.000.00 

Harbor   construction 4  3.238. 700.0O 

Bathing  and  Playground.... 4  455.80000 

Fire  Dept.  building 4  543,00000 

Contagious  disease  hospital. 4  391.300.00 

Additional  Cont.  Dis.  Hosp.4  420,000.00 

Garbage    reduction    wonks..4  595,00000 

Dormitory  J.  Worthy  school. 4  51.000.00 

House  of  Shelter  for  women. 4  82.000.00 

Police  department  building. 4  447  000  00 

River  improvem't  refunding.4  739.800.00 

Water  loan   refunding 4  1,)130.400  00 

Twelfth  St.  improvement... 4  1.290000.00 

Michigan  Av.  improvement. 4  2,678.000  00 

Municipal  street  lighting, ...4  2.428.700.00 

Waste    disposal 4  550.000.00 

School  for  boys 4  208.000.00 

Public    comfort    station 4  4.000.00 

Total 35,408,700.00 

CORPORATE  EXPENSES  BY  DEPARTMENTS 

Department.  1918 

Mayor's    office $29,074.18 

Bureau    of    statistics 695723 

City    council 287.456.46 

Committee  on  finance 27.889.29 

Committee  on  local  transportation  1.203.80 

Committee  on  gas.  oil  and  light..  3,038.06 

Committee  on  gas  litigation 153,768.50 

Committee   on   licenses 

Com.  on  har.  wharves  and  bridges        

Chicago   plan   commission 10,000.00 

Committee  on  health 

Committee  on  railway  terminals..         18,112.20 
Committee  on  local  industries —         11.996.41 

City  clerk's  office 64.182.10 

Corporation  counsel's  office 270.453.41 

Prosecuting  attorney's  office 45.752.11 

City  attorney's  office 73,414.90 

City  comptroller's  office 237.154.08 

Dept.  of  finance— Interest 438.822.60 

Dept.  of  finance— Miscellaneous...       255.037.25 

City  treasurer's  office 58.328.19 

City  collector's  office 132.522.33 

Election   commissioners 890,103.94 

Civil   service  commission 61.238.05 

Department  of  supplies 29.719.15 

Department  of  police 7.815,142.35 

Municipal    court 879.262.70 

House  of  correction 391,561.41 

Chicago  liquor  commission „ 

Department  of  fire 3.759.279.88 

Department  of  buildings 113.398.47 

Department  of  health 1.144.182.89 

City  physician 6.129.24 

Oil  inspector's  office 15.298.10 

Dept.  inspector— Boilers,   etc 34.978.11 

Dept.  weights  and  measures 31.592.00 

Dept.    smoke   inspection 27.368.74 

Board  of  examiners 24.537.60 

Hospitals    20.000.00 

Department  of  public  service 21.509.01 

Board  of  local  improvements 544.243.85 

City    markets 2.2-10.00 

Department  gas  and  electricity...    1,385.254.47 

Department  public  service 74914.03 

Commissioner  public  works— Office         6C.029.06 

Bureau   of   compensation 8.555.41 

Bureau  of  maps  and  plats 34.46o.88 

Bureau  of  architecture 7.206.90 

Bureau  of  city  hall 261,447.28 

Bureau  of  parks 126.252.49 

Bureau  of  waste  disposal 511.566.16 

Municipal    pier 72.528.46 

Bureau  of  streets 3,383.649.09 

Bureau    of    sewers 427.709.14 

Bureau   of   ene:in»ering,   bridges..       189050.94 
Rivers   and   harbors 350.925.53 

Total    ordinary 24,832. 473.41 

Dept.   of   fin-^nc"— Miscellaneous..  1,000.00 

Department  of  electricity 3.165.23 

Bureau   of   engineering,    bridges.. 42.343.22 

Total    extraordinary 46.508.45 

Grand  total 24.878.981.86 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


893 


RECEIPTS    FROM    LICENSES. 


Description. 
Acetylene   gas—  Sale  .................. 

Acetylene  gas  ......................... 

Amusement    .......................... 

Auctioneers    .......................... 

Bakers    ................................ 

Bar  permits  ........................... 

Bathing-,  boating.  fishing  beach.... 

Billiards  and  pool  .................... 

Bill  posters—  with  wagons  .......... 

Boats    ................................. 

Bowling-  alleys  ........................ 

Brewers  and  distillers,  .............. 

Brokers   ............................... 

Carbonated   waters—  Bottlers  of.... 

Cartridg-es  and  shells  ................. 

Certificate  of  fitness—  Dry  cleaners 

Certificate  of   fitness—  Explosives.. 

Cigarettes 

Deadly    weapons 

Delicatessen 

Dog-  registry 

Drivers 

" 


1918. 

?60/°,2 

loO.OO 

128,o32.44 


2,283.00 


, 
26,378.75 

1,620.00 
24.00 

1.796.25 
22.500.00 
59,175.00 

2.928.5 


SOo.OO 
267,WO.OO 


Dry  cabaret   .......................... 

Dry    cleaners  .......................... 

Filling   stations  ..........  .  ............ 

Garages   ................  .  .............. 

Guns,  powder  and  explosives  ....... 

Hacks,  cabs  and  coupes  ............. 

Home  for  the  aged  ................... 

Hospitals    ............................. 

House  movers   ....................... 

Ice    dealers    .......................... 

Junk   dealers    ........................ 

Junk  wagons   ........................ 

Liquors-Malt     ....................... 

Liquors-Spirituous   ................. 

Liquors—  Vinous   ..................... 

Lumber  yards    ....................... 

Meait  food  products  .................. 

Medical  dispensaries   ................ 

Milk  dealers   ......................... 

Milk  wagons  ......................... 

Moving1    picture    films—  Storage  .... 


Description.  1918. 

Moving  picture  operators— Original  $309.00 

Mov.  Picture  Operators— Renewals  1,298:00 

Natatoriums    30.00 

Omnibus  370.00 

Pawnbrokers   24,300.00 

Peddler— Basket     310.41 

Peddler— Coal    385.00 

Peddler— Fish    105.00 

Peddler— Hand  cart  1.38J.25 

Peddler— Oil    2.580.00 

Peddler— Pack   or    solicitor 2.280.00 

Peddler— Wagons    52.050.00 

Peddler— Wood  380.00 

Public  cart— Horse  drawn 4,576.00 

Public   cart — Automobile 14,100.00 

Public    horse    drawn    vehicle — Not 

on  stand  25.00 

Public    passenger     automobile — on 

stand  8,810.00 

Public   passenger   automobile — Not 

on  stand 1,340.00 

Rendering  tanks  7,080.00 

Restaurants 38.56250 

Roofers  with  wagons 1,090.00 

Saloons    4,187,683.58 

Scavengers— Night    50.00 

Scavengers— Offal     5.950.00 

Scavengers — Private    3.600.00 

Second  hand  dealers 22.425.00 

Shooting    galleries    725.00 

Slaughtering  and  rendering 10.500.00 

Soap  factories  1,650.00 

Spotter    132.50 

Stables— Boarding    470.00 

Stables— Livery    810.00 

Stables— Sales  775.00 

Tanneries  1,200.00 

Tickers    734.00 

Undertakers   4.760.00 

Weighers— Public  740.00 

Workshop    7,634.00 

Total.    1918    ..  .  ...5.476,402~07 

2,127.97        Total,    1917 ...7,541,615.97 


ia 
190.615.00 

oo.OO 

6.920.00 


i 

15,037.50 

1,950.00 


11,760.00 

,Z'J§S-R2 
17.490.00 


'' 


95,86o.OO 
500.00 


RATES  OF   FARE 

Fixed  by  Chicago  city  ordinances.  Sight- 
seeing cars  and  autobuses  having-  a  capacity 
of  eight  persons  or  more  not  included. 

/     Pates  by  Distance. 
For  first  half-mile    (or  fraction  there- 

of)   for   one  person  .................  ...40  cents 

For  each   succeeding  quarter-  mile    (or 

fraction  thereof)  .......................  10  cents 

For    each    additional    person    for    the 

whole    journey  ................  .........  ...25  cents 

For  each  four  minutes  of  waiting   (or 

fraction  thereof)  .......................  10  cents 

Waiting  time  shall  include  (a)  the  time  dur- 
ing which  the  taxicab  is  not  in  motion,  be- 
ginning ten  minutes  after  call  time  at  the 
place  to  which  it  has  been  called:  (b)  the 
time  consumed  by  unavoidable  delay  at  street  j 
crossings  or  bridges,  and  (c)  the  time  con- 
sumed while  standing  at  the  direction  of  the 

No  charge  shall  be  made  (a)  for  time  lost 
for  inefficiency  of  the  taxica>b  or  its  operator, 
or  (b)  for  time  consumed  by  the  premature 
arrival  in  response  to  a  call. 

II.     Hour   Pates. 

For  trip  of  two  miles  or  more. 

Car    seating    two    persons,    $2.50:     minimum 

charge   for   trip.    $1. 
Seating  three  to  five  persons,  $3.50:  minimum 

charge  for  trip.   $1.50. 
Seating  more  than   five  persons.   $4.50:   mini- 

mum charge  for  trip.   $2. 

Where  the  trip  is  for  two  miles  or  more  and 
the  passenger  at  the  time  of  hiring-  any  such 
vehicle  expressly  elects,  as  such  passenger  may 
do.  to  pay  therefor  by  the  hour,  the  operator 
in  charg-e  of  such  vehicle  shall  supply  the 


FOR  TAXICABS. 

passenger  with  a  card  upon  which  shall  ap- 
pear the  name  of  the  owner,  the  name  and 
license  number  of  the  operator  and  the  exact 
time  of  the  hiring:  and  the  charge  for  such 
service,  in  the  absence  of  such  express  agree- 
ment, shall  not  exceed  the  rates  prescribed 
above  as  the  "hour  rate." 

The  rate  of  fare  to  be  asked  or  demanded 
for  such  vehicles  shall  be  determined  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  time  which  the  vehicle 
is  in  use  by  the  passenger  or  passengers  en- 
gaging the  same. 

In  determining  the  seating  capacity  of  any 
such  vehicle  neither  the  operator's  seat  nor  any 
portion  thereof  shall  be  computed,  but  the 
said  capacity  shall  be  determined  by  the  num- 
ber of  persons  which  can  be  accommodated  in 
the  interior  or  tonneau  of  such  vehicle. 

No  charge  shall  be  made  for  th-  time  con- 
sumed in  responding  to  a  call  or  in  returning 
to  the  place  from  which  such  vehicle  is  called. 

Baggage— Every  passenger  upon  any  public 
automobile,  autocar  or  other  similar  vehicle 
shall  be  allowed  to  have  conveyed  with  him 
upon  such  vehicle,  without  extra  charge  there- 
for, his  ordinary  light  traveling  baggage  in 
an  amount  not  to  exceed  fifty  pounds.  A  fee 
of  20  cents  may  be  charged  for  conveying-  a 
trunk. 

Lost  Baggage— Whenever  any  packagre,  arti- 
cle of  baggage  or  goods  of  any  kind  shall  be 
left  in  or  upon  any  vehicle  licensed  under  the 
provisions  of  this  article,  the  operator  of  such 
vehicle  shall,  unon  discovery  of  such  package, 
baggage  or  goods,  forthwith  deliver  the  same 
to  the  vehicle  bureau,  department  of  police,  in 
the  city  hall. 


894 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


POINTS   OF    INTEREST    IN      AND    ABOUT    CHICAGO. 


North   Side. 

Academy  of  Sciences  museum  in  Lincoln  park. 

Cemeteries — Graceland.  Rosehill,  Calvary. 

Fort   Sheridan,   near  Hig-hwood. 

Grant.  Lincoln,  Schiller.  Goethe  and  other 
monuments  in  Lincoln  park. 

Historical  society  library  and  collection.  Dear- 
born avenue  and  Ontario  street. 

Indian  trail  tree,   near  Glencoe. 

Kinzie  home  tablet.  Pine  and  Kmzie  streets. 

Lake   Shore  drive. 

Lincoln  park  conservatories  and  zoo. 

Municipal  pier,  foot  of  Grand  avenue. 

Newberry  library,  Clark  street  and  Walton 
place. 

Northwestern  university  in  Evanston. 

Waterworks.  Chicago  avenue,  near  lake. 
South    Side. 

Armour  Institute  of  Technology,  3300  Federal 

Art  institute  galleries  of  paintings,  sculptures 
and  art  collections:  on  the  lake  front,  foot 
of  Adams  street. 

Auditorium    tower.    Wabash   avenue    and    Con- 
gress street:  view  of  city. 
Blackstone   branch   library.    Lake    avenue    and 

49th    street. 
Board    of    trade.    LaSalle    street    and    Jackson 

boulevard:    admission  to  gallery. 
Cahokia  courthouse  on  Wooded  island  in  Jack- 
Central  Trust  Company  building,   interior  mu- 
ral decorations.  125  West  Monroe  street. 
Chamber  of  Commerce  building   (interior).  La- 
Salle and  Washington  streets. 
Chicago  Normal  school,  68th  street  and  Stewart 

City  hall".  Washington,  LaSalle  and  Randolph 
streets. 

Confederate  monument  in  Oakwoods  cemetery. 

County  building.  Clark,  Randolph  and  Washing- 
ton streets. 

Crerar  library.  106  North  Wabash  avenue,  6th 

Dougla's  monument,  35th  street  and  Ellis  avenue. 

Drexel.  Grand  and  55th  Street  boulevards. 

Field  museum   in  Grant   park. 

Fire  tablet    (1871).  137  DeKoven  street. 

Fort  Dearborn  site  tablet.  River  street,  oppo- 
site Rush  street  bridge. 

Grand  Army  hall  in  public  library  building. 
Randolph  street  and  Michigan  avenue. 

Great  Lakes  fountain,  south  end  of  Art  insti- 

Illinois  Centennial  monument,  Logan  square. 


Iroquois  theater  fire,  scene  of,  28-30  West 
Randolph  street:  memorial  tablet  by  Lorado 
Taft  in  Iroquois  Memorial  hospital,  28  North 
Market  street. 

Jackson  park,   site  of  World's  Fair  in  1893. 

Life  saving  station  at  mouth  of  Chicago  river. 

Lincoln  wigwam  tablet.  Market  and  Lake 
streets. 

Logan  statue  in  Grant  park   (lake  front). 

Marquette  building  sculpture  panels,  Dearborn 
and  Adams  streets. 

Marquette-Joliet  cross,  Robey  street  and  drain- 
age canal. 

Masonic  Temple:  view  of  city  from  roof. 

Massacre  monument  in  18th  street  near  the  lake. 

Midway  plaisance. 

McKinley  statue  in  McKinley  park. 

Orchestra  hall.  216-220  South  Michigan  avenue. 

Postoffice,  on  square  bounded  by  Adams,  Clark 
and  Dearborn  streets  and  Jackson  boulevard. 

Public  library,  Michigan  avenue  and  Washing- 
ton street. 

Pullman   suburb  and  manufactory. 

Republic  statue — Jackson   park. 

Soutn  Water  street:  commission  house  district. 

StaHe  street  department  stores:  shopping  dis- 
trict. 

Stockyards.   Halsted   and  Root  streets. 

Tower  building,  Michigan  avenue  and  Madi- 
son street. 

University  of  Chicago  quadrangles,  Ellis  ave- 
nue and  58th  street. 

Washington  statue,  Grand  boulevard  and  51st 
street. 

Wooded  island  in  Jackson  park. 
West  Side. 

Ashland.  Humboldt,  Washington  and  Garfield 
boulevards. 

Northwestern  railway  passenger  station.  Canal 
and  West  Madison  streets. 

Douglas  park. 

Drainage  canal. 

Garfield  park. 

Ghetto  district  on  South  Canal,  Jefferson  and 
Maxwell  streets:  fish  market  on  Jefferson 
street  from  12th  to  Maxwell. 

Haymarket  square.  Randolph  and  Desplaines 
streets:  scene  of  anarchist  riot. 

Hull  House.  800  South  Halsted  street. 

Humboldt    park. 

Humboldt.  Leif  Ericson.  Reuter  and  Kosciuszko 
monuments  in  Humboldt  park. 

Illinois  Centennial  monument — Logan  square. 

Parental  school.  St.  Louis  and  Berwyn  avenuee. 

Police  monument   (Haymarket),  in  Union  park. 


FEDERAL    RESERVE    BANK    OF     CHICAGO     (7TH   DISTRICT). 

79  West  Monroe  street. 


BOARD    OF    DIRECTORS    (1918). 
Class  A — George  M.  Reynolds,  Chicago. 

James  B.  Forgan.  Chicago. 

E.  L.  Johnson.  Waterloo.  Iowa. 
Class    B— John    W.     Blodgett.     Grand    Rapids, 

A.  H.  Vogel,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 
A.  R.  Erskine.   South  Bend,   Ind. 

Class  C— E.  T.  Meredith,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
James  Simpson,  Chicago,  111. 
William  A.  Heath.  Evanston,  111. 
OFFICERS. 

W.  A.  Heath,  federal  reserve  agent  and  chair- 
man. 

James   Simpson,   deputy   chairman. 

W.   F.   McLallen.    secretary   and   assistant   fed- 
eral reserve  agent. 

W.    H.    White,    assistant   federal   reserve   agent 
and   manager  department  of  examinations. 

F.   R.  Burgess,   auditor. 

W.  A.  Hopkins,   assistant   auditor. 

James  B.  MoDougal,  governor. 

C.  R.  McKay,  deputy  governor. 

B.  G.  McCloud.   assistant  to  governor. 

S.  B.  Cramer,  cashier. 


Clarke  Washburne.   assistant  cashier. 

F.  J.  Carr.   assistant  cashier. 

K.  C.  Childs.  assistant  cashier. 

J.  H.  Dillard.  assistant  cashier. 

F.   Bateman.    assistant   cashier. 

O.  J.  Netterstrom.   assistant  cashier. 

Frank  R.   Hanrahan.   assistant   cashier. 

Frank  A.  Lindsten.  assistant  cashier. 

A.  H.  Vogt,  assistant  cashier. 

Bond   Department. 

D.  A.  Jones,  assistant  cashier. 

Louis  G.  Meyer,  acting  assistant  cashier. 

Vanemin  Lamont.  acting  assistant  cashier. 

Herbert  G.  Kaiser,   assistant  auditor. 
DETROIT  BRANCH. 
Directors. 

John  Ballantyne.  Detroit:  Emory  W.  Clark. 
Detroit:  Julius  H.  Haass,  Detroit:  Charles 
H.  Hodges.  Detroit:  Robert  B.  Locke,  De- 
troit. 

Officers. 

R.  B.  Locke,  manager  and  chairman  of  board: 
J.  G.  Baskin.  assistant  federal  reserve  agrent: 
William  R.  Cation,  cashier:  J.  B.  Dew,  as- 
sistant cashier. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


895 


LAKE    FRONT     IMPROVEMENT    PLAN. 


NEW  ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  STATION  TO  BE   BUILT   ON   EAST   ROOSEVELT    ROAD. 


On  July  21,  1919,  the  city  council  of  Chi- 
cago passed  an  ordinance  prepared  by  the  Chi- 
cago Plan  commission  providing-  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  harbor  district  No.  3,  the 
construction  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
company  of  a  new  passenger  station,  the 
electrification  of  certain  lines  of  the  Illinois 
Central  and  Michigan  Central  companies  with- 
in the  city  and  the  development  of  the  lake 
front.  It  was  estimated  that  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral would  spend  $110.000.000  for  electrifica- 
tion and  the  construction  of  the  new  passenger 
station.  The  ordinance  was  signed  by  the 
mayor  on  July  31. 

The  new  harbor  is  to  be  built  between  16th 
and  31st  streets  extended  into  Lake  Michigan. 
Provision  is  made  for  the  reclamation  of  sub- 
merged lands  lying  east  of  the  railroad  tracks 
for  park  and  driveway  purposes.  Work  on 
the  new  station  is  to  be  begun  within  six 
months  >after  the  ordinance  becomes  effective. 
The  preliminary  work  of  preparing  for 
electrification  must  be  started  within  sixty 
days  after  the  ordinance  becomes  effective  and 
be  completed  within  two  years.  The  entire 
suburban  service  is  to  be  electrified  within 
five  years  from  the  expiration  of  the  two 
years  mentioned,  the  freight  service  north  of 
East  Roosevelt  road  within  two  years  after 
the  suburban  lines  are  electrified,  the  entire 
freight  service  south  of  East  Roosevelt  roa»l 
to  the  city  limits  within  five  years  after  the 
freight  lines  north  of  East  Roosevelt  road 
are  electrified,  and  the  entire  through  pas- 
senger service  within  five  years  after  the 
freight  lines  south  of  East  Roosevelt  road 
are  electrified. 

An  outline  of  the  benefits  made  possible  for 
Chicago  by  the  passage  pf  the  ordinance  in- 
cludes these: 

1.  Erection  of  largest  passenger  terminal  in 
world. 


2.  Construction  of  stadium  seating  100,000. 

3.  Building     of     aquarium,     rivaling     New 
York's. 

4.  Electrification    of    405    miles    of    I.    C. 
tracks. 

5.  Harbor  development   with  eight  miles  of 
docks. 

6.  Reclaiming-    of    1,500    acres    '?f   lake    for 
parks. 

7.  Water    course    five    miles    long:    and    600 
feet   wide. 

8.  Depression  of  I.  C.  tracks  nine  to  four- 
teen feet. 

9.  Construction    of    five    viaducts    north    of 
Roosevelt  road  and  seven  south. 

10.  Freight  facilities  costing  over  $18,000,- 
000. 

11.  Four    bathing    beaches     accommodating 
120,000  persons. 

The  passenger  terminal  will  have  fifty-two 
tracks,  ten  more  than  the  largest  now  in 
existence.  The  station  proper  will  conform  in 
design  to  the  Field  museum  in  marble  a  block 
away. 

The  stadium  will  be  in  the  city's  front  yard. 
Grant  park,  with  tunnels  under  and  viaducts 
over  the  tracks  that  easy  access  may  be 
gained. 

OTHER   FORWARD    STEPS    BY   CHICAGO. 

[By  Edward  J.  Glackin,   Secretary  of  the 

Board  of  Local  Improvements.] 

In  1919  the  board  of  local  improvements 
took  steps  to  carry  out  many  of  the  projects 
of  the  Chicago  Plan  commission  for  a  great- 
er Chicago.  The  Michigan  avenue  improve- 
ment progressed  rapidly  and  will  be  open  to 
traffic  by  next  May  from  Randolph  street  to 
Chicago  avenue.  The  total  cost  of  this  im- 
provement, when  completed,  will  be  about 
S13.750.000.  In  December,  1919  the  as- 
sessment roll  was  prepared  and  ready  to  file 


896 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


LAKE  FRONT  DEVELOPMENT  FROM  ROOSEVELT    ROAD   SOUTH   TO   JACKSON   PARK. 


in  the  proceeding-  for  opening-  Ogden  avenue, 
from  Union  park  to  Lincoln  park.  The  cost 
of  this  improvement  will  be  about  85.000,000. 
Public  hearing's  were  held  and  ordinances  pre- 
pared and  sent  to  the  city  council  for  the  fol- 
Icwi.  improvements : 

Widening-  North  and  South  Western  avenue, 
from  Howard  street  to  110th  street;  cost  esti- 
mated at  about  84,800,000. 

Widening  East  and  West  South  Water  street 
and  River  street,  from  Lake  street  to  Mich- 
igra^  avenue,  and  opening-  a  street  between 
Dearborn.  Clark.  Lake  and  East  South  Water 
strr  ts:  estimated  to  cost  about  $7,600.000, 

Widening1  West  Randolph  street,  from  San- 
g-amon  street  to  Ogden  avenue;  estimated  to 
cost  about  SI. 250, 000. 

Widening-  West  Polk  street,  from  Halsted 
street  to  Canal  street;  estimated  to  cost  about 
$600.000. 

The  board's  engineers  prepared  surveys  of 
the  proposed  following-  improvements: 

Widening-  North  and  South  Robey  street, 
from  Montrose  avenue  to  95th  street;  esti- 
mated to  cost  about  $18,400.000. 


Widening  North  and  South  Ashland  avenue, 
from  Pratt  boulevard  to  95th  street;  esti- 
mated to  cost  about  $11,600,000. 

The  board  paved  about  eighty  miles  of 
streets  and  alleys  in  1919,  costing-  about  $6,- 
000,000.  Construction  work  was  greatly  re- 
tarded owing-  to  labor  conditions  and  the  high 
cost,  of  material. 

The  board  expects  to  pave  about  175  miles 
in  1920  at  an  estimated  cost  of  about  $12,- 
000,000. 

Some  100  miles  of  sidewalks  were  laid  in 
1919,  at  a  cost  of  about  $650,000.  and  it  is 
expected  that  in  1920  about  200  miles  of 
sidewalks  will  be  laid  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,400,000. 

About  twenty  miles  of  sewers  were  built 
in  1919.  costing  about  $600.000,  and  about 
twenty-five  miles  will  be  built  in  1920,  at  a 
cost  of  about  SI, 000. 000.  A  contract  was  let 
and  work  started  on  the  Aug-usta  street  sewer 
system,  which,  it  is  estimated,  will  cost  about 
$1.000.000.  A  contract  was  also  let  for  the 
Crawford  avenue  sewer  system,  which,  it  is 
estimated,  will  cost  about  $1,000,000. 


MAYORS  OF  CHICAGO. 

Their  politics  and  order  and  year  of  election. 

No.    Name. 
1877  !  30.  Roswell  B.   Mason. 

31.  Joseph   Medill 

32.  Harvey  D.  Colvin. 


No.    Name. 

Party.    Elected.  Died. 

1. 

William  B.  Ogden  

.Democratic.. 

.1837 

1877 

2. 

Buckner  S.  Morris  

.Whig  

.1838 

1879 

3. 

Benjamin  W.  Raymond 

.Whig  

.1839 

1883 

4. 

Alexander  Lloyd  

.Democratic.. 

.1840 

1872 

6. 

Francis  C.   Sherman... 

.Democratic.. 

.1841 

1870 

6. 

Benjamin  W.  Raymond 

..Democratic.. 

.1842 

1883 

7. 

Augustus  Garrett  

.Democratic.. 

.1843 

1848 

8. 

Alson  S.  Sherman  

Democratic.. 

.1844 

1903 

9. 

Augustus  Garrett  

.Democratic.. 

.1845 

1848 

10. 

John  P.  Chapin  

.Whig  

.1846 

1864 

11. 

James  Curtiss  

.Democratic.. 

.1847 

1860 

12. 

James  H.   Woodworth. 

.Dem.-Whig.  . 

.1848 

1869 

13. 

James  H.   Woodworth. 

.Dem.-Whig.. 

.1849 

1869 

14. 

James  Curtiss  

.Democratic.. 

.1850 

1860 

15. 

Walter  S.  Gurnee  

.Democratic.. 

.1851 

1903 

16. 

Walter  S.  Gurnee  

.Democratic.. 

.1852 

1903 

17. 

Charles  M.  Grav  

.Democratic.. 

.1853 

1885 

IS. 

Isaac  L.  Milliken  

.Democratic.. 

.1854 

1889 

19. 

Levi  D.  Boone  

.Knownothing 

.1855 

1882 

20. 

Thomas  Dyer  

Democratic.. 

.1856 

1862 

21. 

John  Wentworth  

.Rep.  -Fusion. 

.1857 

188S 

22. 

John  C.  Haines  

Republican  .  . 

.1858 

1896 

23. 

John  O.  Haines  

.Republican  .. 

.1859 

1896 

24. 

John  Wentworth  

.Republican  .. 

.1860 

1888 

25. 

Julian  S.  Rumsev  

Republican  .. 

.1861 

188S 

26. 

Francis  C.  Sherman... 

.Democratic.. 

.1862 

1870 

27. 

Francis  C.  Sherman*.. 

.Democratic.. 

.1863 

1870 

28. 

John  B.  Rice  

.Republican... 

.1865 

1874 

29. 

John  B.  Rice  

.Republican... 

.1867 

1874 

Party.    Elected.Died. 

People's 1869     1892 

.Citizens'f 1871     1899 

..People's 1873     1893 


Thomas  Hoyne .Republican.. 

34.  Monroe  Heath .Republican.. 

35.  Monroe  Heath Itepublicau.. 

36.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Sr. Democratic. 

37.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Sr. Democratic. 

38.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Sr  .Democratic. 

39.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Sr.Democratic. 

40.  John  A.  Roche Republican.. 

41.  DeWitt  C.  Cregier Democratic. 

42.  Hempstead  Washburne.Republican.. 

43.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Sr.Democratic. 

44.  John  P.  Hopkins Democratic. 

45.  George  B.   Swift Republican.. 

46.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Jr Democratic. 

47.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Jr. Democratic. 

48.  Carter  H.  Harrison.  Jr  Democratic. 

49.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  JrDemocratic. 

50.  Edward  F.   Dunne Democratic. 

51.  Fred  A.  Btisset Republican. 


.1875 


.1876 


1894 
1894 

.1877  1894 

.1879  1893 

.1881  1893 

.1883  1893 

.1885  1893 

.1887  1904 

.1889  1893 

.1891  1918 

.1893  1893 

.1893  1918 

.1895  1912 
.1897 


.1901 
.1903 
.1905 
.1907 


1914 


52.  Carter  H.  Harrison,  Jr.Democratic.  ..1911 

53.  William   H.  Thompson. Republican... 1915 

54.  William  H.  Thompson.  Republican...  1919 

•Two-year  terms  fftr  mayor  began  in  1863. 
t*  "Fireproof"  ticket.  JFour-year  terms  for  mayoi 
began  in  1907. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


897 


BANKS    AND    BANK    STATISTICS    OF    CHICAGO   AND    COOK   COUNTY. 

$50.000;  president.  C.  J.  Wolf;  cashier.  C.  J. 

Busscher. 


Adams   State— 3945  West   26th  street;   capital. 

J  50. 000:  president.  Joseph  Klicka:  cashier, 
ohn  T.  Siama. 

/Etna  State— Halsted  street  and  Fullerton  and 
Lincoln  avenues:  capital.  $200,000;  presi- 
dent. A.  S.  Maltman;  cashier,  James  Novak. 

American  State— 1825  Blue  Island  avenue;  capi- 
tal $400000;  president.  James  F.  Stepina; 
cashier.  Adolph  J.  Krasa. 

Argo  State— Summit;  capital.  $50.000:  presi- 
dent. W.  G.  Knoedler;  cashier.  F.  M.  Heller. 

Atlas  Exchange  National— 610  South  Halsted 
street:  capital.  $200.000;  president.  Daniel  M. 
Healy;  cashier,  B.  M.  Blankenheim. 


Austin  Avenue  Trust   and  Savin 


02  North 

Aus'tiiT  aVenueT "capital.  $100.000;  president. 
Henry  Pillinger;  cashier.  William  B.  Ross. 

Austin  National— 5634  West  Chicago  avenue; 
capital.  $125.000;  president.  Michael  J.  Col- 
lins: cashier.  J  F.  Cahill. 

Austin  State— Parkside  avenue  and  South  boule- 
vard. Austin;  capital.  $JOO,000;  president. 
Charles  S.  Castle;  cashier.  Harry  M.  Gardner. 

Avenue  State— Oak  Park;  capital.  $100.000; 
president.  W.  S.  HerricTs;  cashier.  A.  E.  Wal- 

Bankr'of  Chicago  Heights— Capital.  $100,000: 
president.  George  I.  McEldowney;  cashier. 

Bank  of  Commerce  and  Savings — 30  North 
Michigan  avenue;  capital.  $500.000:  presi- 
dent, William  F.  Van  Buskirk;  cashier.  W. 
M  Grissom 

Bank  of  Harvey— Harvey:  capital.  $50.000; 
president,  W.  H.  Miller;  cashier.  Alfred  Miller. 

Bank  of  Montreal— 108  South  LaSalle;  capital, 
$14.400,000:  manager  Chicago  branch,  J.  M. 

Berwyn  State— Berwyn;  capital,  $25,000:  presi- 
dent. Edwin  L.  Wagner;  cashier.  R.  W.  Teeter. 

Blue  Island  State— Blue  Island;  capital,  $oO.- 
000;  president.  J.  M.  Lobaugh;  cashier,  C.  H. 
Lobaugh. 

Bowmanville  National— 4802  North  Western 
avenue:  capital.  $50.000:  president,  E.  M. 
Heidkamp;  cashier.  William  J.  Feldman. 

Bremen  State— Tinley  Park;  capital,  $25.000; 
president.  F.  H.  Henke:  cashier.  B.  L.  Casteel. 

Calumet  National — 9117  Commercial  avenue: 
capital.  $100.000:  president,  John  Cunnea; 
cashier,  O.  M.  Clark. 

Calumet  Trust  and  Savings— 1987  West  lllth 
street:  capital.  $50.000:  president,  William 
Schulze;  cashier,  Harry  H.  Cavin. 

Capital  State  Savings— 5400  North  Clark  street: 
capital,  $200.000:  president.  W.  J.  Klingen- 
berg:  cashier.  E.  F.  Turnbloom. 

Central  Manufacturing  District  Bank— 1112 
West  35th  street;  capital,  $400,000;  presi- 
dent, William  N.  Jarnagan;  cashier,  Frank  L 
Webb. 

Central  Trust  Company  of  Illinois— 125  Wesl 
Monroe  street;  capital,  $6.000.000:  president 
Charles  G.  Dawes;  cashier,  Howard  S.  Camp, 

Century  Trust  and  Savings — State  and  Adams 
streets:  capital,  $250.000:  president,  John 
W.  Fowler:  cashier,  C.  R.  Corbett. 

Chicago  City  Bank  and  Trust— 6225  Halsted: 
capital.  $500,000:  president,  Louis  Rathje; 
cashier.  E.  H.  Holtorff. 

Chicago  Land.  Credit  and  Trust  Co.— 134  South 
LaSalle  street;  capital.  $200,000:  president, 
F.  H.  Wickett:  cashier.  F.  J.  Wegg. 

Chicago  Trust  Company — State  and  Madison; 
capital.  $1,000,000;  president,  Lucius  Teter; 
cashier.  Frederic  S.  Pope. 

Chicago  State — Madison  street  and  Ashland 
boulevard:  capital,  $200,000;  president,  Ray- 
mond Cardona:  cashier,  Hugh  McNeff. 

Cicero  State— Hawthorne;  capital.  $50.000; 
president,  G.  H.  Hughes;  cashier.  C.  C.  Stoffel. 

Citizens'  State  Bank  of  Lake  View— 3228  Lin- 
coln avenue:  capital.  $250,000:  president. 
Charles  Johnson:  cashier.  J.  G.  Squires. 

Citizens'  State  Bank  of  Melrose  Park— Capital. 


Citizens'    Trust    and    Savings— 55th    and    State 
streets;    capital,   $100,000;   president,    Oliver 
F.  Smith;  cashier,  Frank  M.  Dooley. 
City    National    Bank    of     Evanston— Evanston: 
capital,  $100,000:  president,  Joseph  F.  Ward; 
cashier,  Charles  N.  Stevens. 
City   State   Bank— 5056    South   Halsted   street: 
capital,   $50,000;   president,   Charles  Detrick; 
cashier.  Geoige  A.  Airey. 

olonial  Trust  and  Savings— 137  South  LaSalle: 
capital,  $1.000.000:  president,  L.  C.  Rose; 
assistant  cashier.  Emil  Stuedli. 
Commercial  Bank — Blue  Island:  capital,  $100.- 
000:  president,  J.  L.  Zacharias;  cashier.  Chris- 
tian Krueger. 

Commercial  Bank  of  Chicago  Heights — Capital, 
$50,000:  president,  Donald  T.  McClure;  cash- 
ier, Joseph  Kotlinck. 

Continental  and  Commercial  National — 208 
South  LaSalle  street;  capital,  $21,500.000: 
president.  George  M.  Reynolds:  cashier,  Wil- 
son W.  Lampert. 

Continental  and  Commercial  Trust  and  Savings 
—208  South  LaSalle  street:  capital,  $5.000,- 
000:  president,  Arthur  Reynolds;  cashier, 
John  Shannon. 

Corn  Exchange  National — LaSalle  and  Adams: 
capital.  $3.000.000;  president.  Ernest  A. 
Hamill;  cashier,  James  G.  Wakefield 
Cosmopolitan  Bank  of  Chicago— 1159  North 
Clark  street:  capital,  $30(t.OOO:  president. 
Gustave  F.  Fischer;  cashier,  Jacob  R.  Darm- 
stadt. 

Depositors  State — 4633  South  Ashland  avenue; 
capital,  $300,000;  president,  Julius  F.  Smie- 
tanka:  cashier,  Thomas  F.  Chamberlain. 
>es  Plaines  State— Des  Plaines:  capital.  $50,- 
000:  president.  P.  M.  Hoffman:  cashier,  Wil- 
liam F.  Grautner. 

Drexel  State — 3946  Cottage  Grove  avenue:  cap- 
ital, $350,000:  president.  R.  J.  Neal;. cashier, 
A.  J.  Kolar.  Jr. 

Drovers'   National — 4201  South  Halsted:  capital. 
$1.000,000;  president.  William  C.  Cummings; 
cashier.  George  A.  Malcolm. 
Drovers'  Trust  and  Savings — Union  stockyards: 
capital,  $250.000:  president,  William  C.  Cum- 
mings; cashier,  Murray  M.  Otstott. 
Englewood  State— 237  West  63d:  capital.  $200.- 
000:  president.  Frank  H.  Tinsley;  cashier,  E. 
W.  Stansbury. 

Evanston  Trust  and  Savings — Evanston:  capi- 
tal. $100.000;  president.  James  R.  Smart: 
cashier,  A.  F.  Bull. 

First  National — Dearborn  and  Monroe:  capital, 
$10.000.000:  president,  Frank  O.  Wetmore: 
cashier.  R.  F.  Newhall. 

First  National  of  Englewood— 349  West  63d: 
capital.  $150.000:  p  esident,  J.  J.  Nichols: 
cashier,  V.  E.  Nichols. 

First  Security  Bank  of  Chicago— Milwaukee 
avenue  and  Carpenter  street ;  capital,  $400,- 
000;  president,  J.  C.  Hansen;  cashier,  A.  B. 
Suter. 

First  Trust  and  Savings — Dearborn  and  Monroe: 
capital.  $5,000,000:  president,  M.  A.  Tray- 
lor;  secretary,  David  V.  Webster. 
First  Trust  and  Savings  of  Riverdale — Capital. 
$25,000:  president.  Horace  Holmes:  cashier, 
H.  C.  Thompson. 

Foreman    Bros.     Banking    Company— 30    North 
LaSalle:  capital,  $1.500.000:  president,  Oscar 
G.  Foreman:  cashier,  John  Terborgh. 
Fort  Dearborn  National— 76  West  Monroe:  cap- 
ital,   $3.000.000:    president,    William   A.   Til- 
den:   cashier,   W.  W.  Le  Gros. 
Fort    Dearborn    Trust    and    Savings— 76    West 
Monroe:  capital,  $500.000:  president,  William 
Af  Tilden;   cashier,   Emile  E.   Rose. 
Franklin    Park    St^te— Franklin    Park;    capital. 
$25.000:  president.  H.  N.  Leadaman;  cashier. 
William  H.  Kirchoff. 
Franklin  Trust  and   Savings — Michigan    avenue 


898 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


and  35th  street:  capital,  $300,000:  president, 
Simon  W.  Straus:  cashier,  Edgrar  F.  Olson. 
Fullerton-Southport     State     Savings— Fullerton 
and    Southport    avenues:    capital,    $200,000; 
president,   Walter  J.    Raymer;    cashier,  A.   I. 

Garfieldnpark  State  Savings— 4004  West  Madi- 
son street:  capital.  $200,000:  president,  John 
E.  Decker:  cashier,  Arthur  A.  Marquart. 

German  American  State— Matteson:  capital, 
$25.000:  president,  George  H.  Fortmiller; 
cashier,  Henry  Schulze. 

Glencoe  State— Glencoe :  capital,  $25,000:  pres- 
ident. Jacob  Schnur;  cashier,  F.  A.  Andrews. 

Great  Lakes  Trust— Monroe  and  Dearborn;  cap- 
ital. $3,000,000:  president,  H.  H.  Merrick; 
cashier,  Charles  C.  Willson. 

Greenebaum  Sons  Bank  and  Trust  Company — 
Madison  and  LaSalle  streets:  capital,  $1,500.- 
000:  president,  Moses  E.  Greenebaum:  cash- 
ier, Walter  J.  Greenebaum. 

Guarantee  Trust  and  Savings — 835  West  63d: 
capital.  $200.000:  president,  William  H.  C. 
Stege;  cashier.  Otto  J.  Meier. 

Halsted  Street  State— 6910  South  Halsted  street: 
capital,  $200,000:  president,  Henry  F.  Eid- 
mann:  cashier,  Roy  P.  Roberts. 

Harlem  State  Savings— Oak  Park;  capital,  $50,- 
000:  president  and  cashier.  W.  F.  Grosser. 

Harris  Trust  and  Savings— 115  West  Monroe: 
capital.  $2.000.000 :  president,  Albert  W.  Har- 
ris; cashier,  Joseph  H.  Vail. 

'Hibernian  Banking  Association— 208  South  La- 
Salle street:  capital,  $2,000,000:  president, 
George  M.  Reynolds:  cashier,  Frederic  S. 
Hebard.  « 

Hill  State— 3324  Lawrence  avenue;  capital, 
$200.000:  president.  A.  H.  Hill;  cashier,  C. 
E.  Mitchell. 

Home  Bank  and  Trust  Company— Ashland  and 
Milwaukee  avenues:  capital.  $300,000:  presi- 
dent. B.  M.  Hair;  cashier,  William  O.  Conrad. 

Homewood  State— Homewood:  capital,  $25.000: 
president.  Henry  Gottschalk:  cashier,  James 
A.  Cowing. 

Humboldt  State— 2722  West  North  avenue; 
capital,  $50,000;  president,  Chilton  C.  Col- 
lins: cashier.  E.  Klabo. 

Hyde  Park  State — Lake  avenue  and  53d  street: 
capital,  $200.000:  president,  John  A.  Carroll: 
cashier.  Jordan  B.  Cottle. 

Illinois  State  Bank  of  Chicago — Clark  and  Kin- 
zie  streets:  capital,  $200,000:  president,  Al- 
fred Decker:  cashier,  Virgil  C.  Webster. 

Illinois  Trust  and  Savings — LaSalle  and  Jack- 
son: capital,  $5.000,000;  president,  John  J. 
Mitchell:  cashier,  Joseph  I.  Cooper. 

Independence  State— 1215  South  Kedzie  ave- 
nue: capital.  $200.000;  president,  Louis  Bo- 
mash:  cashier,  Herman  R.  Schiff. 

Interstate  National— 13304  Erie  avenue  (Hege- 
wisch)  ;  capital,  $25.000:  president,  Lawrence 
Cox:  cashier,  Clyde  Collins. 

Irving  Park  National — 4011  Elston  avenue: 
capital,  $100,000:  president,  Charles  H. 
Rioch:  cashier.  Don  W.  Riley. 

Jefferson  Park  National — 4815  Milwaukee  ave- 
nue: capital,  $50,000:  president,  George  M. 
Hayes:  cashier.  Fred  H.  Esdohr. 

Kaspar  State — 1900  Blue  Island  avenue:  capi- 
tal, $500,000;  president,  William  Kaspar; 
cashier,  Emil  F.  Smrz. 

Kenwood  Trust  and  Savings— Grand  boulevard 
and  47th:  capital,  $200,000;  president, 
Charles  E.  Ford:  cashier.  Eugene  E.  Ford. 

Kimbark  State— 1276  East  75th  street:  capital, 
$25.000:  president,  E.  E.  Vail. 

Kimbell  Trust  and  Savings— 3538  Fullerton 
avenue:  capital.  $100.000;  president,  Ray- 
mond G.  Kimbell;  cashier,  Lily  M.  Hansen. 

Kirchman  State  —  Cicero :  capital,  $100,000; 
president,  Frank  Kirchman:  cashier,  John  W. 

Krause  State— 1341  Milwaukee  avenue:  capital, 
$200.000:  president,  J.  Henry  Krause:  cash- 
ier, J.  Jacob  Krause. 

LaGrange    State— LaGrange:    capital,    $50,000: 


president.  L.  C.  Bassford:  cashier,  N.  M, 
Froom. 

LaGrange  Trust  and  Savings — LaGrange;  cap- 
ital, $50.000:  president,  W.  E.  Keeler;  cash- 
ier, H.  J.  Twining. 

Lake  View  State — 3160  North  Clark;  capital. 
$200,000;  president,  George  W.  McCabe;  cash- 
ier, William  O.  J,  Hattstaedt. 

Lake  View  Trust  and  Savings— 3211  North 
Ashland  avenue;  capital,  $400.000:  president, 
Joseph  J.  Budlong;  cashier,  B.  J.  Steacey. 

Lansing  State — Lansing;  capital,  $25,000;  pres- 
ident, William  Winterhoff;  cashier,  H.  F.  W. 
Schultz. 

Lawndale  National— 3341  West  26th  street: 
capital,  $50.000 ;  president,  Frank  J.  Hajicek : 
cashier.  Rudolph  F.  Hajicek. 

Lawndale  State— 3113  West  22d;  capital.  $200.- 
000:  president,  Joseph  J.  Salat;  cashier, 
Joseph  Kopecky. 

Liberty  Trust  and  Savings — Kedzie  avenue  and 
Roosevelt  road;  capital,  $250,000;  president, 
Walter  M.  Heyman;  cashier,  Adolph  S.  Hel- 

QUiSt. 

Lincoln  State  Bank  of  Chicago— 3105  South 
State  street:  capital,  $200.000;  oresident, 
George  F.  Leibrandt;  cashier.  George  S. 
Campbell. 

Lincoln  Trust  and  Savings— 3936  Lincoln  ave- 
nue: capital,  $200,000:  president,  O.  B.  Conk- 
lin;  cashier,  W.  O.  Anderson. 

Live  Stock  Exchange  National— Union  stock- 
yards; capital,  $1,250,000;  president,  S.  T. 
Kiddoo;  cashier,  D.  R.  Kendall. 

Logan  Square  Trust  and  Savings — 2569  Mil- 
waukee avenue:  capital,  $200,000:  president. 
James  B.  Heaney;  cashier,  Albert  H.  Spor- 
leder. 

Madison  and  Kedzie  State — 3131  West  Madison 
street:  capital,  $200.000;  president.  Harry  H. 
Baum;  cashier,  J.  T.  Mammoser. 

Market  Trust  and  Savings— 127  North  Halsted 
street:  capital.  $200,000;  president,  Fred  S. 
Fulton:  cashier.  Albert  M.  Tierney. 

Maywood  State— Maywood:  capital,  $100.000: 
president,  John  Soffel;  cashier,  W.  G.  Heide- 
mann. 

Maywood  Trust  and  Savings — Maywood:  capi- 
tal, $25,000:  president.  Charles  N.  Bullard: 
cashier.  Carl  E.  Robinson. 

Mechanics  and  Traders'  State— Washington  bou- 
levard and  Desplaines  street;  capital,  $200.- 
000;  president,  Calvin  F.  Craig;  cashier,  Nor- 
ton F.  Stone. 

Melrose  Park  State— Capital,  $100.000:  presi- 
dent, W.  G.  Heidemann;  cashier,  John  Soffel. 

Mercantile  Trust  and  Savings— 547  West  Jack- 
son boulevard:  capital,  $250,000;  president, 
Frederick  H.  Rawson:  cashier,  Harry  N.  Grut. 

Merchants'  Loan  and  Trust— 112  West  Adams: 
capital,  $5,000,000;  president,  Edmund  D. 
Hulbert:  cashier,  Paul  C.  Peterson. 

Metropolitan  State— 807  West  35th  street:  cap- 
ital. $50.000;  president.  John  B.  Brenza: 
cashier,  Julius  C.  Brenza. 

Michigan  Avenue  Trust— 2218  Michigan  ave- 
nue; capital,  $200,000;  president.  Warren  C. 
Spurgin;  cashier,  W.  C.  Periolat. 

Mid-City  Trust  and  Savings— Halsted  and  Madi- 
son: capital.  $500,000:  president,  William  J. 
Rathje:  cashier,  D.  B.  Kennedy. 

Morris  Plan — 21  North  LaSalle;  president.  Jo- 
seph E.  Otis:  cashier-treasurer,  Chauncey  B. 
Blair. 

Morton  Grove  Trust  and  Sayings — Morton 
Grove:  capital,  $25,000:  president,  August 
Geweke:  cashier,  H.  S.  Scharenberg. 

Morton  Park  State — Morton  Park;  capital, 
$100.000:  president,  Ha*ey  B.  Mitchell:  cash- 
ier, Byron  C.  Thorpe. 

Mutual  National— 7829-31  South  Halsted;  capi- 
tal, $200,000:  president.  Frank  Rathje;  cash- 
ier, Fred  H.  Korthauer. 

National  Bank  of  the  Republic— LaSalle  and 
Monroe:  capital.  $2,000.000;  president,  John 
A.  Lynch:  cashier,  Oscar  H.  Swan. 

National  City  Bank  of   Chicago — Dearborn   and 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


899 


Monroe:  capital,  $2,000,000:  president,  David 
R.  Forgan;  cashier.  Walker  G.  McLaury. 

National  Produce— 196  North  Clark;  capital, 
$500,000:  president.  Edwin  L.  Wagner;  cash- 
ier, Ralph  N.  Ballou. 

Noel  State— Milwaukee  and  North  avenues; 
capital,  $300.000;  president,  Joseph  R.  Noel; 
cashier.  Frank  W.  Hausmann. 

North  Avenue  State— North  avenue  and  Larra- 
bee:  capital.  $200,000;  president,  Landon  C. 
Rose;  cashier.  Otto  G.  Roehling. 

North  Side  State  Savings— 808  North  Clark 
street;  capital.  $200,000;  president,  William 
R.  Dawes;  cashier,  P.  H.  Weilbreuner. 

Northern  Trust— LaSalle  and  Monroe:  capital: 
$2,000,000;  president.  Solomon  A.  Smith; 
cashier,  Thomas  C.  King. 

Northwestern  Trust  and  Savings— 1152  Mil- 
waukee avenue;  capital,  $600.000:  president. 
J.  F.  Smulski;  cashier,  T.  M.  Helinski. 

Oak  Park  Trust  and  Savings— Oak  Park:  capi- 
tal, $200.000:  president.  Henry  W.  Austin; 
cashier,  Paul  E.  Zimmerman. 

Ogden  Avenue  State— 3644  Ogden  avenue:  capi- 
tal. $200.000:  president.  Frank  Ransford: 
cashier,  Raymond  Greene. 

Park  Ridge  State— Park  Ridge:  capital,  $25,- 
000;  president,  G.  H.  Barrows;  cashier,  M.  C. 
Appelt. 

Pearsons-Taft  Land  Credit  Company— 105  South 
LaSalle  street:  capital.  $200.000;  president. 
Oren  E.  Taft:  cashier.  F.  Watson. 

Peoples  Stock  Yards  State— Ashland  and  47th; 
capital.  $500.000;  president.  R.  J.  Schlesing- 
er;  cashier,  John  A.  Nylin. 

Peoples  Trust  and  Savings — Michigan  avenue 
and  Adams;  capital,  $500,000;  president, 
Earle  H.  Reynolds:  cashier,  H.  T.  Griswold. 

Phillip  State— 7005  North  Clark  street ;  capital, 
$200,000;  president.  Peter  Phillip;  cashier, 
O.  T.  Miller. 

Pioneer  State  Savings — 4016  West  North  ave- 
nue: capital,  $200,000;  president,  John  J. 
Lovett:  cashier.  C.  J.  Peeples. 

Proviso  State— May  wood:  capital,  $50.000; 
president.  G.  A.  Hart:  cashier,  C.  J.  Gates,  Jr. 

Pullman  Trust  and  Savings— Pullman ;  capital. 
$300,000;  president,  Edward  F.  Bryant;  cash- 
ier, Donald  R.  Bryant. 

Ravenswood  National — i600  Ravenswood  ave- 
nue: capital.  $50,000:  president,  Walter  D. 
Rathje:  cashier,  George  T.  Keeler. 

Reliance  State — Madison,  Ashland  and  Ogden ; 
capital,  $200,000;  president,  Raymond  Car- 
dona:  cashier,  Hugh  McNeff. 

River  Forest  State— River  Forest;  capital,  $50,- 
000:  president,  John  W.  Broughton;  cashier, 
John  A.  Klesert. 

Riverside  State— Riverside:  capital,  $50,000: 
president.  E.  H.  Story;  cashier,  Frank  Fred- 

Rogers'Park  National— 7044  North  Clark  street; 
capital,  $50,000;  president,  Walter  H.  Coe- 
ber;  cashier.  R.  R.  Johnson. 

Roseland  State  Savings — 11500  Michigan  ave- 
nue: capital,  $200.000;  president,  John  S. 
Runnells;  cashier,  David  J.  Harris. 

Schiff  &  Co.  State— Twelfth  street,  near  Hal- 
sted:  capital,  $200.000:  president,  Benjamin 
L.  Schiff:  cashier,  Samuel  S.  Shuster. 

Second  Security  Bank  of  Chicago— Milwaukee 
and  Western  avenues:  capital,  $200,000:  pres- 
ident, J.  C.  Hansen;  cashier.  Martin  J.  Grau. 

Sheridan  Trust  and  Savings— Broadway  and 
Lawrence  avenue:  capital,  $200,000;  presi- 
dent, W.  J.  Klingenberg:  cashier,  J.  R.  S. 
Crowder. 

Shermerville  State — Capital.  $25,000:  president, 
Henry  Rugen:  cashier,  Gus  A.  Olson. 

Sixty-Third  and  Halsted  State— 810  West  63d 
street:  capital.  $200.000;  president,  C.  H. 
Dehming;  cashier,  George  Lenz. 

South  Chicago  Savings— 3017  East  92d  street: 
capital,  $300,000:  president.  Warren  W. 
Smith:  cashier,  James  G.  Collins. 


South  Shore  State — Exchange  avenue  and  75th 
street;  capital.  $100,000;  president,  John  A. 
Carroll;  cashier,  P.  M.  Knight. 

South  Side  State — >4£59  Cottage  Grove  avenue- 
capital,  $200,000;  president,  Isaac  N.Powell; 
cashier.  D.  W.  Cahill. 

South-West— 5105  South  Ashland  avenue:  capi- 
tal, $200,000:  president,  J.  E.  Hitt;  cashier 
Roswell  W.  Hawkins. 

South-West  Trust  and  Savings— 35th  street 
Archer  and  Hoyne  avenues;  capital.  $200.- 
000:  president.  Thomas  J.  Healey;  cashier 
Andrew  H.  Wolski. 

Standard  Trust  and  Savings— 29  South  LaSalle- 
capital,  $1.000.000:  president,  Charles  S  Cas- 
tle: cashier.  Ward  C.  Castle. 

State  Bank  of  Chicago— LaSalle  and  Washing- 
ton; capital,  $1,500,000;  president,  Henry  A. 
Haugan;  cashier,  Henry  S.  Henschen. 

State  Bank  of  Clearing— 5601  West  63d  street- 
capital,  $25.000:  president,  Frederick  A.  Hib- 
bert;  cashier,  Theodore  P.  Oster. 

State  Bank  of  Evanston — Evanston:  capital 
$150.000:  president,  F.  J.  Scheidenhelm : 
cashier,  J.  C.  Luther. 

State  Bank  of  Oak  Park— Capital,  $100,000  • 
cashier,  Alfred  H.  Klein. 

State  Bank  of  West  Pullman— 120th  and  Lowe- 
capital,  $25.000:  president.  Thomas  W.  Cole; 
cashier,  W.  L.  Johannesen. 

State  Commercial  and  Savings — 1935  Milwau- 
kee avenue:  capital,  $25,000:  president, 
Joseph  Stein:  cashier,  Walter  J.  Stein. 

Stockmen's  Trust  and  Savings  —  5425  South 
Halsted:  capital,  $200,000;  president,  P.  J. 
Harmon:  cashier.  E.  J.  A.  Gold. 

Stock  Yard  Savings— 4162  South  Halsted:  capi- 
tal. $300,000:  president.  C.  N.  Stanton;  cash- 
ier, W.  S.  Tipton. 

Suburban  Trust  and  Savings — Oak  Park-  capi- 
tal, $100.000:  president,  W.  H.  Rattenburg; 
cashier,  John  M.  Duryee. 

Summit  State— Capital.  $25,000:  president.  H 
B.  Kilgour;  cashier,  F.  C.  Mandel. 

Union  Bank  of  Chicago— 25  North  Dearborn 
street;  capital,  $500,000:  president,  Charles 
E.  Schlytern:  cashier.  G.  Hallbom. 

Union  Trust — Dearborn  and  Madison:  capital, 
SI, 500, 000;  president,  F.  H.  Rawson;  cash- 
ier, F.  P.  Schreiber. 

United  State— 6000  South  Halsted:  capital. 
$200.000:  president,  Simon  Heck:  cashier. 
Carl  Lundberg. 

Washington  Park  National— 730  East  63d 
street:  capital,  $200,000;  president,  Garland 
Stahl;  cashier,  A.  E.  Olson. 

West  Englewood-Ashland  State— 1610  West  63d 
street;  capital.  $250.000;  president,  John 
Bain;  cashier,  Edward  C.  Barry. 

West  Hammond  Trust  and  Savings — Capital. 
$25,000:  president.  A.  J.  Campbell;  cashier. 
Paul  I.  Muschelewicz. 

West  Side  National— 1600  West  12th  street; 
capital,  $200,000;  president.  Thomas  J. 
Healey:  cashier,  Leo  P.  Cummings. 

West  Side  Trust  and  Savings— Halsted  and 
Roosevelt  road;  capital,  $400,000;  president, 
Benjamin  S.  Mayer;  cashier.  Herbert  S. 
Pflaum. 

West  Town  State— 2325  West  Madison  street: 
capital.  $200,000:  president.  Thomas  J.  Har- 
per; cashier.  J.  W.  Hays. 

Wiersema  State— 11108  South  Michigan  ave- 
nue: capital.  $200.000:  president,  Asa  Wier- 
sema: cashier.  Nicholas  W.  Wiersema. 

Wilmette  Exchange  State — Capital.  $75.000: 
president,  S.  A.  Wheelock:  cashier,  J.  K 
Schaefer. 

Winnetka  State— Capital.  $25.000:  president 
John  R.  Leonard:  cashier.  Henry  R.  Hale. 

Woodlawn  Trust  and  Savings— 1204  East  63d. 
capital,     $250,000;     president.     Charles     M. 
Poague:  cashier.  John  W.  Watson. 
•Consolidated  with  the  Continental  and  Com- 
mercial Savings  bank  Oct.  31.  1918. 


€00 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


CHICAGO  CLEARING  HOUSE  ASSOCIATION. 
Northern  Trust  building:. 

President—  John  A.  Lynch. 

Vice-president  —  Solomon  A.  Smith. 

Manager—  Thomas  C.  Stibbs. 

Assistant   Manager—  Willi  am   Byrnes. 

Examiner—  Charles  H.    Meyer. 

Clearing  House  Committee—  James  B.  Forgan. 
Ernest  A.  Hamill,  John  J.  Mitchell,  George 
M.  Reynolds,  Edmund  D.  Hulbert,  John  A. 
Lynch  (ex  officio>. 

Chicago  Bank  Clearings. 


Yenr.  Clparinsrs. 
1903. .  .$8,755,553,649 
1904...  8,989,983,764 
1905... 10,191, 765,732 
1906... 11, 047,311, 894 
1907... 12, 087,647,870 
1908. ..11, 853, 814, 943 
1909... 13,781,843,612 
1910. .  .13,939,689,984 


Year. 


Clearings. 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917.. 


16,073,130,524 

15,692,828,996 

16,198,985,174 

20,541,943,19 

24,974.974,47 


1918..   25,930,200,367 


Clearings  of  1918  and  1919  by  Months. 


1918. 

January     $2,024,542,219 

February   1,784,007,741 

March    2,345,045,166 

April    2,222,323,250 

May    2,163,787,350 

June   2,076,705,883 

July    2,245,745,141 

August    2,250,912,489 


2,060.690,076 
2,340.992,062 
2,070,617,046 
2.244,831.943 


1919 
$2,344,990,527 
1.981,415,681 
2,247,290,086 
2,270,257,507 
2,406,279,329 
2,386,132,175 
2,676,307,723 
2,583,570,305 
2,570,350,580 
2,814,673.911 


September 
October  .. 
November 
December 

Total .25,930,1200,367       777777777777... 

CHICAGO  BANK  DEPOSITS  AND  LOANS. 
National  Banks  (Sept.  12,  1919). 

Bank.  LOPHS.  Deposits. 

Atlas  Exchange $598,551         $752,880 

Austin  525,802        1,094,119 

Bowmanville    656,240        1,110,872 

Calumet    2.029.469        3,481,525 

Continental    &   Com'l. 236.304,738  339.850,410 

Corn    Exchange 72,500,227  116,888,898 

Drovers     12.776.544      19,704,331 

First     128,049,071   227,037,473 

First    of   Englewood..      2,386,577        4,873,599 

Fort    Dearborn 46,449.661      59,984,223 

Interstate 347.008  591,364 

Irving  Park 884.548        1,924,950 

Jefferson  Park 436.129  931,726 

Lawndale    2.914.845        3,259,047 

Live   Stock  Exchange  16,094,102      21,443,474 

Mutual    551,912  729,896 

N  a  ti  o  n  a  1   Bank    of 

Republic  24.111,431      32,202,04; 

National    City    of 

Chicago    22,156,201      34,980,290 

National  Produce  ....      3,800,096        5,628,253 

Ravenswood    444,985  813,524 

Rogers  Park    359,060  860,638 

Washington  Park  ....      3,164,478        4,655,532 
West  Side  1,089,202        1.484,568 


Totals    579,130,877   884,284,634 

State  Banks  (Sept.  12,  1919). 


Adams  State 

^Etna  State  

American  State    

Austin  Ave.  Tr.  &  Sav. 

Austin  ,State  

Bank  of  Com.  &  Sav. 
Calumet  Tr.  &  Sav. . . 
Capital  State  Savings. 
Central  Man'facturing 

Central   Trust    

Century  Tr.  &  Sav. . . 
Chicago  City  B.  &  T. 

Chicago    Trust    

Citizens  St.  Bk.-L.  V. 
Citizens  Trust  ' 


$70,299 

745,536 

4,145,528 

163,740 

2,987,025 

522  642 

336,744 

818.447 

4,013,231 

38,639,156 

1,779.220 

4,192,141 

7.280.549 

1.954,540 

1,032,182 


$355,087 

1,308,019 

4.400,076 

270,636 

3,855,529 

410,151 

384.439 

1,358,546 

4,607,645 

61,258.232 
2.176.825 
4,954,450 

11,213.069 
2,416,946 
1,471,32 


Bank.  Loans. 

City    State    $391.402 

Cont'l  &  Com'l  T.  &  S  54,956,109 
Cosmopolitan  State  of 

Chicago     1,011,215 


rawford  State  461,124 

Depositors  State  3,113,757 

Drexel  State   3,751,909 

Drovers  Trust  4,564,686 

Englewood  State   2,105,552 

First  Trust  &  Savings  52,171,577 

Foreman  Bros 23.289,193 

Fort  Dearborn  T.  &  S.  4,304,768 

Franklin  Tr.  &  Sav...  1,904,860 

Fullerton-Southport    .  664,470 

Garfield  Pk.  St.  Sav..  567,136 

reat  Lakes  Trust 5,728,396 

Greenebaum    Sons' 11,241,810 

Guarantee  Tr.  &  Sav.  1,006,895 

Halsted  State  Bank...  1,187,496 

Harris  Trust  &  Sav...  17,106,052 

Hill  State  Bank 735,401 

Home  Bk.  &  Tr.  Co..  2,060,511 

Humboldt  State  Bank  454.948 

Hyde  Park  State 1,590,818 

Illinois  Trust  &  Sav. .  94.532,402 

Independence    State....  936.323 

Jefferies   State    281,672 

Kaspar  State   4,767,680 

Kenwood  Tr.  &  Sav...  2,873,455 

Krause   State   Sav 806,077 

Lake  View   State...  1,348,663 

Lake  View  Tr.  &  Sav.  3,255,572 

Lawndale  State    1,662.380 

Liberty  Tr.  &  Sav....  3,043,003 
Lincoln     State     Bank 

of  Chicago    761.110 

Lincoln  Tr.  &  Sav....  918.479 
Logan  Square  Trust 

and  Savings  

Madison     and    Kedzie 

State  1,688.387 

Market  Tr.  &  Sav....  1,198.096 

Marquette  Park   State  182,273 

Mechanics  &   Traders.  1,520,970 

Mercantile  Tr.  &  Sav.  3.361,246 
Merchants    Loan    and 

Trust    69,961,402 

Metropolitan  State   ...  145,145 

Michigan  Ave.  Trust.  1,857.859 

Mid-City  Trust   6,006.002 

Noel    State 2,527,857 

North  Ave.  State 2,111,334 

Northern    Trust    31,841,870 

North  Side   State 1,478,347, 

Northwestern   Trust 

and    Savings 6,405.947 

Ogden  Ave.  State 673,919 

Peoples  Stock  Yards.  9.999,505 

Peoples  Trust   9,721,597 

Phillip   State    530,412 

Pioneer  State  889.047 

Pullman  Tr.  &  Sav. . .  2.525,048 

Reliance   State   2,881,253 

Roseland  State    997,754 

Schiff  &  Co.  State....  392.153 
Second   Security  Bank 

of  Chicago 1,857,090 

Security   Bank    of 

Chicago    3,597,606 

Sheridan  Trust    3,094,988 

Sixteenth  St.   State...  205,180 

63d  &  Halsted  St.  Sav  720.180 

So.  Chicago   Savings..  5,995,861 

South  Shore   286.933 

South   Side   State 3.366,066 

Southwest  State   1,292.446 

Southwest  Tr.  &  Sav.  1,995,326 

Standard  Tr.   &   Sav..  7,863,312 
State     Bank      of 

Chicago    32.710.443 

State      Bank      of 

Clearing     159,587 

State     Bank      of 

West  Pullman   ..  517,654 


Deposits. 

$313,928 
75,066.895 

1,432,640 
537,131 
4.196.449 
4.910.679 
5.310,283 
2,969.154 

74,869,492 

23,373.438 
6,677,648 
3,250,718 
1,244.916 
1,936,677 
4,478.641 

15,792,382 
1,068,629 
1.278.599 

29,183,011 

1.256.120 

3,667.916 

700,687 

2,482,532 

118.571,539 

1,641,843 

257,546 

8.728,571 

4,033.563 

2.083,640 

2,053,160 

5,426.169 

2.544.215 

3,939.492 

1,574.953 
1,331,025 


1,339,522    1,335.124 


2,391.412 
1.446,318 
223,618 
2,304.052 
4.101,464 

108,282,042 

241,909 

3,676,019 

7,268,785 

3,538.160 

4,624,855 

36,647,904 

2,090,611 

7,140,713 

914.276 

11,297.187 

12. 562.910 

1,280,990 

1,441.211 

4,368,412 

3.450.180 

1,705.122 

3,379,211 

2,751,322 

5,384,678 

4,857,831 

194,733 

860,133 

6,144,998 

244.564 

4,390.506 

1,436.878 

3.419,480 

11,567,778 

38,732,006 
278.866 
761.274 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


901 


Bank.                                    Loans. 

Deposits. 

Bank.                                   Loans.           Deposits. 
Western  State                     1  Oil  919        1  112  49O 

Savings   257,236 

487,398 

West    Engrle  wood- 

Ashland                               1  °87  174        1  975  517 

Savings    1.281.974 
Stockyards   Savings    ..      4.300.097 
Stony  Island  Tr.&  Sav.         951,561 

1,484,798 
5.022.859 
1,015,634 
3  778  414 

West   Side   Tr.   &  Sav.     6.858.724        8,098-962 
West  Town  State  1.068.311        1.942.883 
Woodlawn  Tr.  &  Sav.      3.405.879        4.475.439 

Union   Trust   Co               25  ^99  768 

39  410  159 

Totals                              652  312  363   896  702  148 

United  State  Bank  738.605 
Universal    State   Bank      1,035.161 
University  State    253,973 

987.732 
1.332.1*86 
214.268 

The    saving's    deposits    in    national    banks    of 
Chicago  Sept.  12,  1919.  amounted  to  $21.201.- 
522  and  those  in  state  banks  to  $313.708,423. 

Month. 
1918—  November   . 
December 

Highest. 

.d?8.r-68-  ' 
56 

1 
Date.  i 
6 
19 

Lowest, 
iegr's. 
21 
14 

1919    January 

52 

20 

—11 

52 

3 

11 

March 

...68 

20 

8 

April 

75 

6 

28 

Mav 

83 

31 

40 

June    

...88 

14 

55 

July 

96 

27 

62 

...98 

4 

57 

93 

8 

52 

October   .. 

...85 

2 

35 

CHICAGO  WEATHER. 

[Compiled  in  Chicago  office  of  the  weather  bureau.  1 

Temperature— v  ,— Precipitation— N 


-Weather 


Mean  for  Normal  Inches     Normal  Clear  Partly  Cl'dy 
.  Date,  degr's.  Date.     mo..deg.  depr's.    prr  mo.  inches,     dnys.  cl'<ly.  days. 


24 

26 

4 

26 

1 

1 

5 

28 
11 
28 
26 
29 


43.5 
37.7 
31.0 
30.5 
38.5 
48.0 
55.3 
72.6 
77.0 
73.4 
68.9 
57.2 


39.2 
29.3 
23.7 
25.4 
34.4 
45.9 
56.5 
66.3 
72.4 
71.2 
64.6 
53.2 


2.65 
3.24 
0.20 
2.78 
4.32 
3.16 
3.84 
3.16 
1.59 
1.10 
3.85 
6.41 


2.50 
2.07 
2.00 
2.16 
2.55 
2.88 
3.37 
3.66 
3.64 
2.88 
3.02 
2.55 


12 
3 
11 
8 

10 
3 
13 
10 
19 
15 
11 
11 


6 
7 

10 
6 
8 

12 
7 

16 
9 

14 

12 


12 
21 
10 
14 
13 
15 
11 
4 
3 
2 
7 
11 


COLDEST   DAYS   IN  CHICAGO. 


HOTTEST   DAYS   IN   CHICAGO. 
July    21.    1901,    when    the    temperature    rose 


TV.O    r.nlrf    anpll    pnrHne-    Tan      7     1 Q1  ?     pstah  Jui.v     xij..    J.JJVJL,     wiien    me    temperature    rose 

3*2    S?1!,^11  E™£J5&  ^HJiiT^SS:     to   102.9  degrees  above  zero,   was  the  hottest 

day  in  the  history  of  Chicago  so  far  as  the 
weather  bureau  records  go.  The  longest  con- 
tinuous hot  wave  in  Chicago  was  from  July 


lished  a  record  for  duration  of  below  zero 
weather  in  Chicago — 72  hours.  The  maximum 
reached  was  16  degrees  below  zero.  The  long- 


est previous  below  z°rn  stretch  was  71  hours.     Vo    to   Julv   31     1916     when    the .  VmnPrat,,£ 

£?,*&  £.'??  S^&Srir  S5SSB5  m&«s^AlB^*  &SSTSZ 

are  the  coldest  days  officially  recorded  in  Chi- 


n  each  year  since  1899  were: 


cago: 


Dec.  24. 
Jan.  29. 
Jan.  9. 
Jan.  3, 
Jan.  22. 
Jan.  5, 
Feb.  9. 
Jan.  15, 
Jan.  25, 

1872.. 
1873.. 
1875.. 
1879.. 
1883.. 
1884.. 
1888.. 
1893.. 
1897.. 

—23 

..—16 
..—20 
..—18 
..—17 
..—18 
..—18 
..—16 
..—20 

Feb.  9, 
Jan.  25, 
Feb.  13, 
Jan.   7. 
Jan.  28. 
Jan.  13. 
Feb.  2V. 
Jan.  12, 
Jan.  4. 

1899. 
1904. 
1905. 
1912. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919. 

i  uni- 

Sept.    5,   1899. 

....   98 

June  24,   1910.  ...   97 

Aug.     5,   1900. 

....   94 

July      5.   1911. 

.101.5 

—21 
—15 

July    21,   1901. 
June  12,   1902. 

..102.8 
....    91 

Aug.  31.    1912. 
June  30-Julv  29 

...95 
13  99 

—18 

July  1-Aug.  24. 

'03   92 

July    23,   1914. 

...99 

—16 

July    17,   1904. 

....    94 

S»pt.  14.    1915. 

..    90 

—  8 

July    18,    1905. 

....    95 

July  30.   191  6...  101.  7 

—  6 

June  28.   1906. 

....    93 

July  30-31.  1917..    98 

—10 

Augr.  11-Sept.  1. 

'07   92 

Aug.     5,   1918.  ..101.9 

—14 

July  11  -Aug.  3. 

08.   96 

Aug.      4.   1919...  .97.  8 

—11 

Aug.     8,   1909. 

....    93 

FOREIGN  CONSULS  AND  CONSULATES   IN   CHICAGO. 


AustHa-Hungary— Consulate    closed:    in    charge 

of  Swiss  consul. 
Belgium— Dr.  Cvrille  Vermeren,   1220.  25  East 

Washington  street. 

Bolivia— F.  W.  Harnwell.  1612.  105  South  La- 
Salle street. 
Brazil— Dr.  P.   Nunes  de  Sa.   1150.  440   South 

Dearborn  street. 
Chile— M.    H.    Ehlert.    616,    29    South    LaSalle 

street. 
Colombia— Joaquin     A.     Saavedra.     1136     Otis 

building. 
Costa  Rica— B.  Singer,   616,   29  South  LaSalle 

street. 

Cuba— P.    Caballero.    408.    5    North   LaSalle-st. 
Denmark— B.  F.  Falkenstjerne,   921,   326  West 

Madison  street. 
Dominican    Republic— Frederick    W.    Job,    832, 

140   South  Dearborn  street. 

Fcuador— Frutos  T.  Pl^za.  912  Lakeside  place. 
France — Antonin     Barthelemy,     225-227,      108 

South  LaSalle  street. 
Germany— Consulate  closed:  in  charge  of  Swiss 

Great  Britain— Horace  D.  Nugent  (consul-gen- 
eral). 807  PHlmnn  balding. 

Gre^c0 — Ponqt"nt'n°  X^nthonoulos  (consul-gen- 
er*»l).  14-7  "NToT-th  D^^boTi  st*^nt. 

Guatemala — Jule  F.  Brower,  1331,  38  South 
Dearborn  st^pp^ 

Honduras — Jnle  F.  Blower  (consul-general), 
1331.  38  South  Dearborn  street. 


Italy— Count   Giulio  Bolognesi,    1446,    72   West 

Adams  street. 
Japan— Junpei  Aneha  (acting).  929,  122  South 

Michigan  avemie. 
Mexico— Lucas   Villareal.   440    South   Dearborn 

street. 
Netherlands — John    Vennema     (consul-general). 

1407.   140   South  Dearborn  street. 
Nicaragua— Berthold  Singer.  616,  29  South  La- 
Salle  street. 
Norway— Olaf  Bernts    (acting).   723,   30  North 

LaSalle  street. 
Panama— E.  A.  Navarro.  303,  608  S.  Dearborn 

street. 

Paraguay— Albert  W.  Holmes.   5241  Carmen-av. 
Persia —  ( Va  ca  ncy ) . 
Peru— Craig  Hazf>lwood.  Union  Trust  company. 

7  South  Dearborn  street. 
Portugal— (Vacancy) . 
Russia — Antoine  Valkoff   (consul-general),  616, 

29  South  LpSalle  street. 
Salvador— Berthold  Singer.   616,   29   S.  LaSalle 

street. 

Siam— Milward  Ao^ms.  40*  South  Michigan-av. 
Snain— B.  Rintrpr.  616.  29  South  Lr?SMl«  street. 
Swpd»n— Sigurd  T.  Goes.  402.  108  South  La- 

S^HP.  st"p«t. 
Switzerland— Henry    Nussle.    911    Peoples    Gas 

building. 

Tnrkpy — (Vac^nov) . 
Uruguay— R.   Charles  Lebret.    822.    608    South 

Dearborn   street. 


902 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


CHICAGC 

General  headquarters,  ci 

Dist.       Prec.         Locatioi 
1     .      ..    *180> 

)   POLICE  DISTRICTS, 

ty  hall.     Traffic  divisio 
North  LaSi 
i  of  stations. 
Forth  LaSalle  street, 
outh  Clark  street, 
ottage  Grove  avenue, 
''abash  avenue, 
ake  Park  avenue, 
ast  75th  street, 
ottage  Grove  avenue. 
ast  89th  street, 
ast  106th  street, 
ast  115th  street, 
cmth  Wentworth  avenue, 
outh   Green   street, 
outh  Halsted  street. 
rest  35th  street. 
Duth  California  avenue, 
[axwell  street, 
awndale  avenue, 
illmore  street, 
orth  Desplaines  street, 
barren  avenue. 

PRECINCTS  AND   STATIONS. 

n.   152  Illinois   street.     Detective  division.   179 
ille  street. 
Dist.        Prec.          Location   of  stations. 
18  23  Chicago-av   and  Lorel-av. 
19  24  *1123  West  Chicago  avenue. 
20  25  *2138  North  California  avenue 
21  26  *3973  Milwaukee  avenue. 
27          .    4905  Grand  avenue 

%        ..   2  *625  S 

3              3  *2523C 

4              4          ..*4802V 

5  5  *5233L 
6        ..6...           *834  E 
7...       .   9059  C 
7         ..    8  *2938E 
9  ..       .  34561 
8  10  *200E 
9            11             *6347  S 

22            28              *]  13  West  Chicago  avenue 

23  29  2128   North   Halsted   street. 
30  *2742  Sheffield  avenue. 
24  31  *3600  North  Halsted  street. 
32  3801  North  Robey  street. 
25          33            *1940  Foster  avenue 

..  8501  S 

34  7075  North  Clark  street. 
26  18            *2259  South  Robey  street 

10  13,  *4736  S 

11  15  *740V 
16  *3900  S 

27  14  *1700  West  47th  street. 
Women's  detention  home  No.  1—1501  Hudson 
avenue. 
No.  2—2256  West  North  avenue. 
No.  3  —  454  East  35th  street. 
*District  headquarters. 

17          ..    *943  IV 

14  19  *2656L 
15         ..20  *4001  F 

16            21   ..      ..   *120  IS 

17  22  *2433V 

j 

PERSONS  ARRAK 

Ma 

rt'ORK  OF  THE  POLICE 

JNED  IN  COURT, 
le.     Female.        Total. 
236      10,396      105.632 
449        6,465        53,914 
787        3,931        51,718 
by  Age. 
25      25 
862           795        11,657 
387        2,304        17,691 
448        2.267        17,715 
212        3,079        33.291 
576        1,396        16.972 
957            448           6,405 
769            107           1.876 

DEPARTMENT    (1918). 

NATIVITY   OF    PERSONS   ARRESTED. 
Male.      Female.        Total. 
Americans    57,459        5818        63277 

Married                     47 

Americans    (colored)  .    8,019        1,674          9,693 
Austrians     1,803            134           1937 

Single                              47 

Classified 
Under   16  
From  16  to  20  incl...lO 
From  21  to  25  incl...l5 
From  26  to  30  incl.-.15 
From  31  to  40  incl...30 
From  41  to  50  incl...!5 
From  51  to  60  incl...    5 
More  than  60  1 

Bohemians    851           114             965 

Canadians                             227             44             271 

Chinese    94                1                95 

Danish                                   °50              19             °69 

English    382    •         81             463 

French    149              46              195 

Germans    2149           302          2451 

Greeks                                 l'831              10           1*831 

Hebrews    l'l05              59           1J64 
Hollanders     130              10             140 

Total           95,236      10,396     105,632 
OCCUPATION  OF  PRISONERS. 
Artors                          162     Merchants    1,580 

Hungarians     664             74             738 
Irish     1,619            266           1,885 
Italians                          j  3  019           179          3  198 

Lithuanians    1^672            172           1*844 

Afirpiits  '                    1043     Midwives    13 

Norwegians    527             43             570 

Artists  49 

Milkmen  124 

Polish     5863            7°7           6590 

Miners  16 

Roumanians    127             10              137 

Molders                      275 

Russians       3  897            332          4  °°9 

Barbers    470 
Barkeepers  601 
Billposters    18 
Blacksmiths  ....       174 
Boilermakers    ..       198 
Brokers    509 
Butchers    716 
Carpenters    734 
Chauffeurs   12.096 
Cigarmakers    ...         9o 
Clergymen    
Clerks                       4  660 

Musicians   145 
No    occupation.   5,973 
Painters   1,120 
Patternmakers  .          27 
Peddlers                  1  805 

Scotch     184              40              224 

Slavonians                           311             45             356 

Swedish     1  608           119          1  7°,7 

Swiss                                          70                4                74 

Other    nativities..      .    1  236             73          1  309 

Physicians    454 
Plasterers    ......       109 
Plumbers  307 

Total     95236     10396      10563° 

DISPOSITION  OF  CASES  IN  THE  MUNICIPAL 
AND   CRIMINAL   COURTS. 
Sentenced   to   hang:     .          .                                      1 

Policemen  21 
Porters    1,008 
Printers    650 

Roofers    93 
Sailors                        229 

Held  to  grand  jury  3,179 

Confectioners  ..         61 
Pnnks                               7°4 

Salesmen        .        4  033 

Capias    arrests                                                         494 

Dentists                         71 

Saloonkeepers  ...1.182 
Servants                     766 

Sentenced   to  penitentiaries                                116 

Detectives  11 
Draftsmen    49 
Druggists    144 
Electricians  —       521 
Engineers    586 

Sentenced  to   Pontiac  reformatory                  oo^ 

Shoemakers      .  .       207 
Soldiers    102 
Steamfitters     ..       315 
Stockdealers     .  .         24 
Stonecutters     .  .            6 
Street    car    em- 
ployes           229 
Students    393 
Bailors    842 
Teamsters  4,224 
Tinsmiths   88 

Sentenced    to    county    jail  296 
Sentenced  to  house  of  correction  3,035 

Fined                                                                    29  092 

Placed   on   probation                                         1,988 

Firemen   483 

Ordered  to  make  weekly  payments  372 
Bonds    forfeited                                                      309 

Florists    70 

Grocers    481 
Harnessmakers.          25 
Horseshoers    ...         55 
Housekeepers  ..   5,392 
Janitors   607 

Turned  over  to  United  States  authorities       179 
No  bills  by   gr^nd   ju?-y  657 
Discharg-ed     nolled     etc            .               .      71  ,623 

Pending-                                                               2  849 

Undertakers    ...         65 
Unholsterers     ..         28 
Wag-onmakers    .           6 
Watchmen    306 
Other  occu  p  a  - 
tions    14.945 

CLASSIFICATION   OF  CHARGES. 
Felonies. 
1918.     1917.       1916. 
Abandonment  of  child.              3               3               1 
.Abduction     7            13            1O 

Jewelers     137 
Junk    dealers...       ***• 
Laborers    28,297 
Lathers    20 
Letter    carriers.          16 
Liverymen    55 
Machinists   3,079 
TVTasnn<!                              20R 

Total    105.632 

Arson    or   attempt  38            24            32 
Bisramv    ..                                     26                             29 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


903 


1918. 

Burglary    

1,193 

Burglary,   accessory  to 
Burglary,    attempted... 

20 
45 

Burglars'     tools,     pos- 

sessing1     

10 

Children,  crime  against 

124 

Confidence   game  

568 

Conspiracy     
Criminal  carelessness 

67 

Counterfeiting-    

4 

Embezzlement    

124 

Forgery    

66 

Kidnaping-     

20 

Larceny     and     larceny 

by   bailee    

6,182 

Larceny,    accessory    to 

28 

Larceny,     attempt     to 

commit     

75 

Malicious   mischief  

234 

Manslaughter     

130 

Mayhem    

8 

Murder    

134 

Murder,  accessory  to.  . 

37 

Murder,   assault   to 

commit   

174 

Perjury     

19 

Receiving-  stolen  prop- 

erty    ,  

868 

Robbery     '. 

1,231 

Robbery,    accessory   to 

30 

Robbery,    ass  ault    to 

commit    

153 

Threats    to   kidnap    or 

murder    

50 

Other    felonies  

179 

Misdemeanors. 

Abandonment    of    wife 

or    children  

1,088 

Animala    unfastened.  .  . 

14 

Assault     

704 

Assault     with     deadly 

weapon     

1.404 

Carrying-     cone  e  a  1  e  d 

weapons   

726 

Compounding-  a  felony 
Cruelty    to    animals.  .  . 

1 
59 

1917. 

1,476 

29 

73 

31 
134 
879 
205 

8 
1 

244 
74 
19 

6,752 
48 

78 
287 

72 

21 
188 

33 

234 


1.068 

1,361 

39 

175 

38 
91 


J,105 
26 

967 


1916. 

1,216 
12 
52 

34 

129 

945 

150 

8 

1 

226 
85 
14 


99 
292 
~71 

22 
193 

37 

254 
15 

679 

1,301 

28 

177 

42 
242 


1,811 

58 

1,177 


1,690       1,529 


864 

o 

89 


827 

1 

160 


1918/ 

6 

45.414 
3.495 
926 
1 
31 


Cruelty  to  children 

Disorderly     conduct .... 

Gaming1  house,  inmates 

Gaming-  house,  keepers 

Intimidation    

Impersonating-    officer. 

Obtaining-  money  false 
pretenses  347 

Opium    den.    inmates..  7 

Peddlers  calling1 
wares  112 

Peddlers'  license,  with- 
out    333 

Resisting  an  officer 192 

Riot    2 

Rules  of  the  road 8 

Selling-  liquor  to 
minors  or  drunkards  116 

Selling-  liquor  without 
a  license 317 

Speed  ordinance,  viola- 
tion    7,784 

Threats,    extortion  by.  4 

Use  of  motor  vehicle 
without  owner's  con- 
sent    162 

Vagrancy    1,080 

Auto  operator  intoxi- 
cated    222 

Glaring-     headlights....      1,075 
License  plate  illumina- 
tion              833 

License  plate  display..      1,899 
License    renewal 3,411 


1917.     1910. 

10  10 

55,653    49,942 

5,301 

444 


Lights   on  vehicles 

Minor     operator     pro- 
hibited     

Muffler   cut-out,    using 

Parking    ordinance 

Smoking    auto 

Vehicles    not    to    pass 


133 

23 

138 

•   1,986 

16 

610 
17,752 


18 
48 

467 

1 

175 

523 

313 

23 


165 
641 


8,696 
19 


178 
1,652 

2,527 

2,610 

3,903 

406 

2 

180 

3,006 

4 

712 
18,568 


3,193 
172 

22 
55 

537 
13 

220 

427 

261 

5 


70 
228 

8,201 
18 


872 
253 


155 
1,164 


1.164 
2,025 


536 


4 
330 


762 
11,860 


Other  misdemeanors 


Total*     110,819  137,910  111.587 

*Including  charges  not  specified  in  above  list. 


MURDERS  AND  HOMICIDES  IN  1918. 


Murders. 

Total    number 95 

Without    arrests 41 

Murderers    killed 1 

Suicides  after   arrest 8 

Persons  arrested 62 

Sentenced  to  hang 1 

Sentenced   to   Joliet 22 

Sent    to    asylum 1 


Acquitted    9 

No    bills 4 

Pending    25 

Homicides-r 

Total    number 179 

Without    arrests 34 

Persons    arrested    144 

Exonerated    30 

Acquitted     15 


WORK   OF  AMBULANCE  DIVISION. 

Total   number  cases  handled 24,382 

Sick  and  injured  officers  examined  (head- 
quarters)            951 

Sick  and  injured  officers  examined   (spe- 
cial)            143 

Officers  examined   for  sick  leave 155 

Civilians  examined 

Citizens    treated 702 

Chauffeurs  examined   for  license 2,678 

Requisitions  filled  for  medical  supplies..       261 
ACCIDENTS  REPORTED  BY  POLICE. 

Fatal.  Not  fatal.  Total. 


Street    cars 

Motor    cars 

Auto     trucks 

Pailroads     , 

Wagons,    etc 


93 
190 
104 
167 

45 


2,354 

3.636 

904 

429 

1.128 


No    bills 32 

Suicide   after  crime 7 

Sentenced   to    Joliet 6 

Sentenced  to    Ponfiac 2 

Sentenced  to   St.   Charles..  1 

Sentenced    to    asylums 3 

Died    3 

Cases    pending 52 


Fatal.  Not  fatal.  Total. 

33        1,332        1,365 

..     179  946        1,125 

3  157  160 


Street  . 
Falling 
Bicycles 


All     causes* 3,568      25,348      28,916 

•Including  unspecified. 


PERSONS    AIDED 
Sick  and  injured 


BY   POLICE. 

25,918 

Suicides    443 

Found  dead 1,453 

Found  drowned 117 

Insane     persons 881 

2,447     Abandoned    children 77 

3,826  |  Rescued  from  drowning -. 27 

1,008    Tonveyed   to  hospitals 21,554 

596     Conveyed  to  homes 4.109 

1.173  •  Conveyed  to  morgues 1,901 


CHICAGO   FEDERATION  OF  LABOR. 

President—  John  .T.  Fitzna*-^1-.          •  f  Treasurer—  Thomas    F.    Kennedy. 

Vice-President  —  Oscar  F.   Nelson.  |  Sergeant-at-Arms  —  Martin    Nelson. 

Secretary—  Edward   N.   Nockels.  |  Headquarters—  166     West     Washington 

Financial   Secretary—  Fred   G.   Hopp. 


street. 


904 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


SUMMARY   OF   POLICE  WORE  BY  YEARS. 

No.  officers  Fines  Property  Miscellaneous      Total  ex- 

recovered.        Salaries.        expenditures,     penditures. 
$149,988.52  $1.084.259.25  §108,510.31   $1,192.769.56 

168.023.03     1,199.022.28     106.539.79      1,305,562.07 

193.141.67 

206.822.12 

228.885.73 

309,585.45 

319.305.00 

294,129.83 

392.082.14 

360.358.82 

429.882.00 

390,628.89 

372,934.73 

339,914.59 

414,181.37 

381,654.45 

436,792.73 

392.181.63 

298,696.07 

382,159.61 

545,043.35 

498,571.63 

668,285.17 

735,957.75 
1,148,851.00 
1,634,148.46 
1.762,599.26 
1,260,619.02 
1.884.153.64 
2.107.738.76 
2.847.489.66 
3.181.944.10 
3,286,390.00 


Year.    and  men.  Arrests. 

*  imposed. 

1886  

.032  44.261 

$202,036.00 

1887  

.145  46.505 

259.249.00 

1888  

.255  50.432 

305,176.00 

1889  

.624  48.119 

275,925.00 

1890  

.900  62.230 

363.938.00 

1891  

2.306  70.550 

464.850.02 

1892... 

2.726  89,833 

615.822.10 

1893... 

3,189  96,676 

523.359.00 

1894  

3.188  88,323 

452.340.00 

1895  

2.850  83.464 

301.555.00 

1896... 

3.033  96.847 

300.319.00 

1897  

3.551  83,680 

216,284.00 

1898  
1899... 

3.594  77.441 
3.267  71.349 

212,056.00 
203,687.00 

1900  

3.314  70.438 

,  219.902.00 

1901  

2.782  69.440 

258,060.00 

1902... 

2.732  70,314 

245.440.00 

WE 

2.773  77.763 
2.676  79,026 

330.026.00 
393.003.00 

1905  

2.590  82.572 

440,021.00 

L906  

3.578  91.471 

527.450.00 

1907  

4.110  63.132 

477.069.00 

1908... 

4.293  68.220 

384.518.00 

1909  

4.706  70.575 

364.509.00 

1910  

4.260  81.269 

445,232.00 

1911... 

4.437  84,838 

531.316.00 

1912  
1913........ 

4.436  86.950 
4.443  109.764 

539.615.00 
743,844.00 

L914... 

4.420  116,895 

802.240.00 

1915... 

5,331  121.714 

801.102.00 

1916  

5.277  111.527 

673.145.00 

1917  

5.199137.910 

729.107.00 

1918  

4,706  110,819 

618,726.00 

'Charges 

brought. 

1.297.379.20 

177.756.12 

1.475,135.32 

1,432,189.25 

170.405.35 

1.602.594.60 

2.066.308.92 

133,818.04 

2.200.126.96 

2.485,981.24 

136.067.21 

2,622,048.45 

2,822,220.27 

212.823.65 

3.035,043.92 

3,287,530.84 

263,026.86 

3.550,557.70 

3.433.129.30 

210.806.87 

3.643.936.17 

3,253,195.20 

166.619.60 

3,419,814.80 

3,150.569.19 

153.839.58 

3.304,408.77 

3.290,419.66 

167,163.69 

3,457,583.35 

3,281,092.08 

160.777.77 

3.441.869.85 

3,257.256.17 

181.318.28 

3.438,574.45 

3,230,627.63 

154,532.41 

3,385.160.04 

3,260,608.80 

148.398.15 

3,409.006.95 

3.179.948.96 

158,833.67 

3.338.782.63 

3,420,079.92 

149,397.85 

3.569.477.77 

3,363,059.47 

182.882.36 

3,545.941.83 

3,551,447.60 

409.826.87 

3,961.274.47 

3.796.430.94 

274,771.42 

4,071.202.36 

4.822,509.36 

565.600.65 

5,388,110.01 

5,407,117.87 

296.799.46 

5,703.917.32 

5.544,545.68 

266.072.89 

5,810.618.57 

6.611,840.47 

213.614.40 

5,825,454.87 

5,846,167.52 

295.464.80 

6,141,632.32 

6.343.897.35 

293,554.63 

6,637,451.98 

6,288,502.09 

334.152.81 

6,662.654.90 

6.621.923.91 
6.901,426.14 

363.981.07 
375.013.70 

6,985,904.98 
7.276,439.84 

6.929,139.48 

345.024.93 

7.274.164.41 

6.798.177.15 

492.764.92 

7.290.942.07 

7,284,723.45 

530,418.90 

7,815,142.35 

CHICAGO    MORTALITY    STATISTICS. 

[From  reports  of  health  department.] 


POPU-           tfwoof1" 

POPU-          ^"M^O? 

POPU-              j'fxo'o? 

Year.   lation.  DeathsW"1  >»"<"» 

Year.   lation.  Deaths.  popuut  '  on 

Year.   lation.  Deaths,  population 

1844.    10.170    336  33.04 

1870.   306.605   7.323  23.88 

1896.  1.427.527  23.257  16.29 

1845. 

12.088    344  28.46 

1871. 

324.270   6,976  20.87 

1897. 

1,490,937  21.809  14.63 

1846. 

14,169    394  27.81 

1872. 

367,396  10,156  27.64 

1898. 

1,557,164  22.793  14.64 

1847. 

16,859    572  33.93 

1873. 

380.000   9.5o7  25.15 

1899. 

1.626,333  25.503  15.68 

1848. 

20.023    638  31.86 

1874. 

395.408   8.025  20.30 

1900. 

1.698,575  24,941  14.68 

1849. 

23,047   1,701  73.80 

1875. 

400,500   7.899  19.72 

1901. 

1.751,968  24,406  13.93 

1850. 

29,963   1.467  48.96 

1876. 

407.661   8,573  21.03 

1902. 

1.801.255  26.455  14.69 

1851. 

34.000    927  27.26 

1877. 

430.000   8.026  18.67 

1903. 

1.850,542  28,914  15.62 

1852. 

38,734   1.809  46.70 

1878. 

436,731   7,422  16.99 

1904. 

1,899,829  26.311  13.85 

1853. 

59.130   1.325  22.41 

1879. 

491.516   8,614  17.53 

1905. 

1,949,116  27.212  13.96 

1854. 

65.872  4,217  64.02 

1880. 

503,185  10,462  20.79 

1906. 

1.998.403  29.048  14.64 

1855. 

80.023   2,181  27.26 

1881. 

640,000  14.101  26.11 

1907. 

2.047.690  32.198  15.72 

1856. 

84.113   2.086  24.80 

1882. 

560.693  13.234  23.60 

1908. 

2,096.977  30.388  14.49 

1857. 

87.600  2.414  27.56 

1883. 

580,000  11.555  19.92 

1909. 

2.146.264  31.296  14.58 

1858. 

90.000   2,255  25.06 

1884. 

629.885  12.471  19.80 

1910. 

2,195.551  33,241  15.14 

1859. 

93,000   2,008  21.59 

1885. 

665,000  12.474  18.76 

1911. 

2.244.835  32.672  14.55 

1860. 

109.206  2.264  20.73 

1886. 

703.715  13.699  19.47 

1912. 

2.294.120  33.998  14.68 

1861. 

120.000   2.279  18.99 

1887. 

760.000  15.409  20.27 

1913. 

2.344,018  35.298  15.06 

1862. 

138.186   2.835  20.52 

1888. 

-802.651  15.772  19.65 

1914. 

2.393,325  33.952  14.19 

1863. 

150.000  3,875  25.83 

1889. 

935,000  16.946  18.12 

1915. 

2,447.845  34,894  14.25 

1864. 

169.353  4.448  26.26 

1890. 

1.099.850  21.856  19.87 

1916. 

2.497.722  36.410  14.53 

1865. 

178,492  4.029  22.57 

1891. 

1.148.795  27.754  24.16 

1917. 

2.547.201  38.055  14.90 

1866. 

200.418   6.524  32.55 

1892. 

1.199,730  26.219  21.85 

1918..  2.596.681  44.605  17.17 

1867. 

225.000  4.773  21.21 

1893. 

1,253.022  27.083  21.61 

Note  —  The  population  is  for 

252,054   5.984  23.74 

1894. 

1.308.682  23.892  18.26 

midyear. 

! 

280.000  6.488  23.17 

1895. 

1.366.813  24.219  17.72 

Under  1  year 6,636 

1  to  2  years.. 2,000 

2  to  5  years 2.146 

5  to  10  years 1.371 


Typhoid  fever 38 

Smallpox   4 

Measles  63 

Scarlet    fever 48 

Whooping1  cough 184 

Diphtheria    720 

Influenza  6,971 

Tetanus    12 


STATISTICS  FOR  1918. 
Deaths  by  Ages. 

10  to  20  years 1.950 

20  to  30  years 6,146 

30  to  40  years 6.240 

40- to  50  years 4.636 

By  Important  Causes. 

Pellagra    6 

Tuberculosis    (all  forms) 3,827 

Cerebrospinal     fever 93 

Cerebral    hemorrhage 1,427 

Diarrhea     and     enteritis, 

under  2  years 2,960 

Congenital     debility     and* 

malformations     .2.330 


50  to  60  years 4,768 

60  to  70  years 4.331 

70  to  80  years 2,885 

Over    80  years 1.496 


Pneumonia    (all  forms)  ..7.000 

Suicide    444 

Accidents     1,878 

Homicide   243 

Sunstroke    ,23 

Heart   disease 4.936 

Bronchitis     510 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


905 


CHICAGO  FIRE  STATISTICS  SINCE  1863. 

[From  reports  of  fire  marshals.  JcuofloM 

Property                                  Av  loss  oupropenj     Popula-  Population  Loes  oer 

Years.   Fires.   involved.     Loss.     Insurance.   pwtn  mvoiv«d.     tion.   toichfir..  c»p,^ 

1863-4     18ft             «.i:V=i  firm    «<?79  &nn  «i  Q19,         ifi«  ?a«   »9/r  «•?  -*i 

1864-6  .  . 

193  651798     685*300   3377  169353   877   3*85 

1865-6.. 

243  v  1,216,466     941.602   5,006  178.492   735   6.82 

1866-7.  . 

315  .  ,  .b  2.487.973    1.643.445   7.898  200.418   636  12.41 

1867-8 

515             4315332    3417288   8183  ....     226236   439  1907 

1868-9' 

405  .            560.169     632.248   1.383  ....     252.054    622   222 

1869-70 

600  .            871.905     600.061   1,453  279.330   466   312 

1870-1. 

669  }?5  2.447,845    2.183.498   3,659  306.605   458   ?!98 

1871-2* 

489               672,800     745.000   1.989  337000   685   289 

1872-3  . 

441               680,099    3,763,275   1,542  ....     367.393   833   185 

1873-4 

466   57.041,700  1,013,246    3.641.735   2.175  14.39   381.402   818   2  66 

1874-5  1 

473   11.063.616  2,345,684    6.789.300   4,959  21.22   395.408   836   6.93 

1875J  . 

332    4.601,770    127.014    2.328.150    386   2.76   401.535  1.209    .42 

1876. 

477    9.173,004    387.951    3.780.060    813   4.23   407.661   855    95 

1877. 

445   10.868.921  1,044,997    6.173.575   2,348   9.62   442.196   949   248 

1878. 

478    6.751.234    306.317    3,327.348    641   4.54   436.731   914    70 

1879. 

638   11.501,473    572,082    5.112.631    897   4.97   469.515   736   l!22 

1880. 

804   14.752.066  1,135,816    5.409,480   1,413   7.70   503.298   626   2  26 

1881. 

895   19.738,508    921,495    9,662.326   1.030  .  4.67   531.996   594   1  73 

1882. 

981   26.435.705    569.885   12.587.090    581  '  2.16   560.693   572   1.02 

1883. 

1.153   42.383,215  1,379,736   21,790.767   1,197   3.26   595.339   517   232 

1884. 

1,278   22.685.601    968.229   12.048.683    758   4.27   629.985   493   1.54 

1885. 

1,309   48,055.541  2,225.184   22.407,225   1,700   4.06   661.923   506   3  36 

1886. 

1,543   43.646,452  1.492,084   22,676,518    967   3.42   693.861   450   2  15 

1887. 

1,853   62,241.191  1.839.058   32.095.202    992   2.95   748.256   404   2.46 

18G8. 

1.871   76.618.085  1.363,427   38.610.407    729   1.78   802.651   429   1.70 

1889. 

2.075   66.409.323  2,154,340   34.440.627   1,038   8.24   .000.000   482   2  15 

1890. 

2.755  108.650.005  2,092,071   47.937.840    759   1.93   .099.133   397   1.90 

1891. 

3,353  124.003.193  3,053,874   59.703.511    911   2.46  '  .147.000   342   2  66 

1892. 

3.549  123.482.011  1,521.445   65.535.291    429   1.23   .197.000   337   1.27 

1893. 

5.224  330.028.212  3,149.590  180.987.890    603    .95   .250.000   239   2.52 

1894. 

5,174  129.046.541  3,254,140   72.185.581    629   2.52   .305.000   252   2.49 

1895. 

5,316  120,794,760  2,974.760   73.443.646    560   2.37   .362.000   256   2.19 

1896. 

4.414   97.061.640  1,979.355   59.970.130    448   2.04   .427.000   323   1.39 

1897. 

5.326   98.883,270  2,272.990   55,233.596    425   2.30   .485.000   279   1.53 

1898. 

5.048   91.922.210  2,651.735   56.550.470    525  -2.88   ,558.000   309   1.70 

V899. 

6,031  128.304.413  4.534,065   70.851.165    752   3.53   .626.000   270   2.79 

1900. 

5.503  112.599.125  2.213.699   72,893.463    402   1.98   .698.575   309   1.30 

1901. 

6.136  133.195,220  4.296.433   83.079,743    700   3.22   .747.236   285   2.46 

1902. 

5.125  112.998.325  4.118.933   71.615.759    803   3.64   .795.897   350   2.29 

1903. 

6.054  111.743,441  3,062.931   68,748.203    489   2.73   .844.566   305   1.66 

1904. 

6.661  122.075.301  2.950.254   77.234,230    443   2.40   .893.219   284   1.56 

1905. 

6.522  117.497.315  3.303.929   76,533.230    507   2.81   .941.880   298   1.70 

1906. 

6.387  119.974.033  4.179,235   75.356,085    654   3.49  1.990.541   312   2.01 

1907. 

6.257  142.900.863  3.937.105   92.275.189    629   2.76  2.039.202   326   1.93 

1908. 

7.793  114.527.300  3.873.444   72.048.810    497   3.38  2.087.862   268   1.86 

1909. 

7.414  135.730.618  3.046.797   90.950.970    411   2.24  2.136.525   288   1.43 

1910. 

9.083  129.076681  4.884.793   83.808.768    538   3.77  2.185.283   241   2.24 

1911. 

9.151  121.156.470  3.864.123   80.653.116    422   3.19  2.262.756   247   1.71 

1912. 

9.410  125.800.590  4,352.470   88.656.020    463   3.47  2.307.638   245   1.89 

1913. 

10  002  132.938.720  4.798.457   90.395.765    480   3.61  2.393.325   239   2.00 

1914. 

10.534  139.363.229  5.268.653  102.422.880    500   3.78  2.417.798   230   2.18 

1915. 

9.435  113.159.650  3.186.509   77.291.754    338   2.82  2.472.158   262   1.29 

1916. 

11.408  151.157996  3.470.978  105.441.775    303   2.29  2.521.822   220   1.37 

1917. 

12.034  185.947.911  4.094.639  112.288.515    340   2.21  2.571.941   213   1.59 

1918  

12.336  191.964.686  3.462,577  125.181.708    281   1.80  2.596.681   210    .75 

•The  great  fire  not  included.  fThe  large  fire  included.  JNine  months  ending  Dec.  31.  1875. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT  FINANCES. 


Year.  Expended. 

1870 $366,700.66 

1871.....       ..  *182,023.15 

1872 432,057.34 

1873 586,618.96 

1874 624.795.22 

1875 f411.245.12 

1876 478,340.22 

1877 507,001.12 

1878 389,692.36 

1879 420,308.82 

1880 454,304.18 

1881 568,760.87 

1882 545,021.03 

1883 556.551.80 

1884 657,957.46 

1885 717,639.93 

1886 823.413.02 

1887 826.047.74 

1888 893.475.09 

1889 961.201.54 


Ponulation. 
306,605 
337,000 
367,393 
381,402 
395,408 
401,535 
407.661 
422,196 
436,731 
469,515 
503.298 
531.996 
560,693 
505.339 
629.985 
661.923 
693.861 
748.256 
802,651 
900,000 


Per. 
capita. 
,1.10* 


1.58 
1.02 
1.17 
1.20 

.89 

.89% 

.90 
1.07 

.97 

.93 
1.04 
1.08 
1.19 
1.10 
1.11 
1.07 


Year.  Expended. 

1890 SI. 278.337.41 

1891 1,378,249.10 

1  892 1.459.754.93 

1893 1.542.378.17 

1894 1.500.542.62 

1895 1,542.590.62 

1896 1,502,942.66 

1897 1,532.780.92 

1898 1,566,081.96 

1899 1,641.346.67 

1900 1,678.410.09 

1901 1,636.084.21 

1902 1.645.548.93 

1903 1,699.16°,.37 

190! 1,780.096.39 

1905 '1. 103. 642.62 

1906 2. 36",. 105.46 

1907 3.124.338.27 

1908 2.102.861.12 

1909 2.915.437.07 


Population. 

1,099.133 

1.147,000 

1,197.000 

1,250,000 

1.305.000 

1,362,000 

1,427.000 

1,485,000 

1,558.000 

1,626.000 

1.698.575 

1,747.263 

1.795.897 

1.844.568 

1.893,219 

11.941.880 

1.PP0.541 

2  030  202 

2. 087,862 

2,136,525 


Per. 
capita. 
1.16 
1.20 

.22 

.23 

.15 

.13 

.05 
1.03 
1.00% 
1.01 

.99 

.94 

.92 

.92 

.94 
1.08 
1.19 
1.53 
1.01 
1.36 


906 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR  BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Year. 
1910  
1911 

Expended. 
...$2.838.703.46 
3  084  340  "S3 

Pooulation 
2,185.283 
o  oflo  756 

Per. 
capita. 
1.30 
1  36 

Year. 
1916.. 
1917 

Expended.     Population 
83.492.836.41      2,521.822 
3  7°1  063  40      °  571  941 

Per. 
.  capita. 
1.38 
1  44 

1912... 

...3.403.538.57 

2.307.638 

1.47 

1918.. 

3,711.505.40      2,621.419 

1.41% 

1913  
1914 

....3.221.637.86 
3  461  584  09 

2.393.325 
2  417  978 

•Six 

months      tNine  months  ending' 

Dec    31 

1915  

....3  443,742.40 

2.472,158 

1.35 

1875. 

No.    Location. 
.       1.   333  S.  Wells-st. 

2.  2421  Lowe  avenue. 

3.  855   West  Erie-st. 

4.  1244  N.  Halsted-st. 

5.  328   S.  Jefferson-st 

6.  535    Maxwell-st. 

7.  636  Blue  Island-av. 

8.  1931  Archer-av. 

9.  2527   Cottage 
Grove-av. 

10.  214  Lomax  place. 

11.  10  E.  Austin-av. 

12.  1641  W.  Lake-st. 

13.  209N.Dearborn-st. 

14.  509W.Chicago-av. 

15.  1156  W.  22d-st. 

16.  23   West   31st-st. 

17.  558  W.  Lake-st. 

18.  1123    W.    12th-st. 

19.  3444  Rhodes-av. 

20.  1318    Rawson-st. 

21.  14  W.  Taylor-st. 

22.  522  Webster-av. 

23.  1702  W.  21st-pl. 

24.  2447  Warren-av. 

25.  1975  Canalport-av. 

26.  457  N.  Lincoln-st. 

27.  1244  N.  Wells-st. 

28.  2869  S.  Loomis-st. 

29.  744    W.    35th-st. 

30.  1125    North   Ash- 
land avenue. 

31.  2012  W.  Congress 
street. 

32.  59  E.  South  Water 
street. 

33.  2208  Clybourn-av. 

34.  114   N.  Curtis-st. 

35.  1625  N.  Robey-st. 

36.  2346  v/.  25th-st. 

37.  Foot  of  N.  Frank- 
lin  street  (fireboat 
Graeme  Stewart). 

38.  2111  S.Hamlin-av. 

39.  1618  W.   33d-pl. 

40.  119N.Franklin-st. 

41.  Throon-st.  bridge. 

42.  226  W.  Illinois-st. 

43.  2183  State  street. 

44.  3138   W.    Lake-st. 

45.  4602  Cottage  Grove 
avenue. 

46.  9321-23     S.     Chi- 
cago avenue. 

47.  7531   Dobson-av. 

48.  4005  Dearborn-st. 

49.  1642  W.  47th-st. 

50.  4649Wentw'th-av. 

51.  6345Wentw'th-av. 


FIRE  DEPARTMENT  STATIONS. 

FIRE  ENGINE  COMPANIES. 
General  headquarters,  city  hall. 


No.    Location. 

52.  4714   S.  Elizabeth 
s.treet. 

53.  40th  and  Packers 
avenue. 

54.  8023        Vincennes 
avenue. 

55.  2740  Sheffield-ay. 

56.  2214  Bany-av. 

57.  2412  Haddon-av. 

58.  92d   street  bridge. 

59.  826    Exchange-av. 

60.  1315  E.  55th-st. 

61.  5300     Wentworth 
n  venue. 

62.  34   E.   114th-st. 

63.  6328-30  Maryland 
avenue. 

64.  6244  Laflin-st. 

65.  2714   W.   39th-st. 

66.  2858  Fillmore-st. 

67.  4666  Fulton-st. 
68.,  1642    N.    Kostner 

avenue. 

69.  4017  N.  Tripp-av. 

70.  2100        Eastwood 
avenue. 

71.  Deering's    yards 
(fireboat  Chicago). 

72.  7914  Burnham-av. 

73.  8630  Emerald-av. 

74.  10615   Ewing-av. 

75.  12054-56   Wallace 
street. 

76.  3517    Cortland-st. 

77.  1224    South     Ko- 
mensky  avenue. 

78.  10o2Waveland-av. 

79.  5358    N.    Ashland 
avenue. 

80.  623  E.   108th-st.. 

81.  10458  Hoxie-av. 

82.  317   E.    91st-st. 

83.  1219  Lafayette-pl. 

84.  5721     S.     Halsted 
street. 

85.  3700    W.Huron-st. 

86.  2414  Cuyler-av. 

87.  8701  Escanaba-av. 

88.  3500  W.  60th-st. 

89.  4456  N.  Knox-av. 

90.  1016   W.   Division 
street. 

91.  3000    Elbridge-av. 

92.  Fullerton     avenue 
bridge. 

93.  331   S.  Wells-st. 

94.  326  S.  Jefferson-st. 

95.  4000  Wilcox-st. 

96.  439  N.  Waller-av. 


No.    Location. 

97.  13359        Superior 
avenue. 

98.  202     E.      Chicago 
avenue. 

99.  3042     S.    Kedvale 
avenue. 

100.  6843  Harper-av. 

101.  1533  W.  69th-st. 

102.  1723      Greenleaf 
avenue. 

103.  1459    W.    Harri- 
son street. 

104.  1401       Michigan 
avenue. 

105.  2337   W.  Erie-st. 

106.  2754  N.  Fairfield 
avenue. 

107.  2258  W.  13th-st. 

108.  4835    Lipps-av. 

109.  2358  S.  Whipple 
street. 

110.  2322    Foster-av. 

111.  1701  N.  Washte- 
'        naw  avenue. 

112.  1732    Byron-st. 

113.  4658     Lexington 
street. 

114.  3542      Fullerton 
avenue. 

115.  11940    S.   Peoria 
street. 

116.  5929  S.  Wood-st. 

117.  816    N.    Laramie 
avenue. 

118.  13401       Indiana 
avenue. 

119.  6030       Avondale 
avenue. 

120.  11035     Home- 
wood  avenue. 

121.  1700  W.  95th-st. 

122.  6856   Indiana-av. 

123.  5218   S.  Western 
avenue. 

124.  4426    N.    Kedzie 
avenue. 

125.  2329   N.Natchez 
avenue. 

126.  7320    Kings  ton 
avenue. 

HOOK  AND  LADDER 

COMPANIES. 
No.    Location. 

1.  218  Lormx  place. 

2.  540     W.     Washing-- 
ton street. 

3.  158   W.  Erie-st. 

4.  214  W.   22d-st. 

5.  1125  W.  12th-st. 


No.    Location. 

6.  117  N.  Franklm-st. 

7.  455   N.  Lincoln-st. 

8.  2865  S.  Loomis-st. 

9.  61  i].  South  Water 
•street. 

10.  1613   Hudson-.iv. 

11.  9  E.  36th  place. 

12.  2256  W.    13th-st. 

13.  2756   N.    Fail-field 
avenue. 

14.  918    W.    19th-st. 

15.  4600     Cottage 
Grove  avenue. 

16.  1405  E.  62d  place. 

17.  9323     South    Chi- 
cago  avenue. 

18.  4738   Hnlsted-sl. 

19.  1129    W.    Chicago 
avenue. 

20.  446  W.  69th-st. 

21.  1529    Uelmont-av. 

22.  1620       Winnemac 
avenue. 

23.  4837   Lipps-av. 

24.  10400     Vincennes 
road. 

25.  1545        Rosemont 
avenue. 

26.  4002  Wilcox-st. 

27.  30   E.   114th-st. 

28.  1623  North  Robey 
street. 

29.  441  N.  Waller-av. 

30.  6017  S.  State-st. 

31.  1401    Michigan 
avenue. 

32.  2360    S.    Whipple 
street. 

33.  4457       Marshfield 
avenue. 

34.  1024    E.    73d-st. 
SQUAD    COMPANIES. 
No.    Location. 

1.  59  E.  South  Water 
street. 

2.  114   N.   Curtis-st. 

3.  4005    Dearborn-st. 
FIRE  INSURANCE. 

PATROLS. 

1.  179    W.   Monroe-st. 

2.  Ill  S.  Green-st. 

3.  15  W.  23d-st. 

4.  Union    stockyards. 

5.  221   Whiting-st. 

6.  334  S.  Hoyne-av. 

7.  1628     W.    Division 
street. 

8.  324     N.     Michigan 
avenue. 


CHICAGO    FIRE    DEPARTMENT    CHIEFS. 


Alex.  Lloyd 1837-1838 


A.   Calhoun 
L.    Nicholl 


1839 

1840 


A.    Sherman    1841-1843 

S.    F.     Gale 1844-1840 

C.  E.  Peck 1847-1848 


A.     Gilbert. 


1849 


C.  P.  Bradley 1850-1851 

U.    P.    Harris 1852-1853 

J.    M.    Donnelly 1854 

S.     McBride 1855-1857 


D.    J.    Swenie 


1858 


U.    P.    Harris 1859-1867 

R.  A.  Williams 1867-1873 


Matt.    Benner 1873-1879 

D.   J."  Swenie 1879-1901 

Wm.    H.    Musham... 1901-1904 

John     Cnmpion 1904-1906 

James   Horan 1906-1910 

C.    F.    Seyferlich.... 1910-1914 


Thomas   O'Connor... 


1914 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


907 


CHICAGO   BOARD 

Offices  on  the  sixth,  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth 
floors  of  the  Tribune  building. 

President— Edwin  S.  Davis. 

Vice-President—Albert  H.   Severing-haus. 

Secretary— Albert   H.   Miller. 

Attorney— William  A.   Either. 

Members— Mrs.  Edward  G.  Snodgrass.  Jacob 
M.  Loeb,  Dr.  Boleslaus  Klarkowski,  James  B. 
Rezny,  Mrs.  Francis  E.  Thornton,  Dr.  Sadie 
Bay  Adair.  Edwin  S.  Davis,  Albert  H.  Sever- 
inghaus, Hart  Hanson,  George  B.  Arnold, 
Francis  E.  Croaikin. 

Standing    Committees. 

School  Administration — Mr.  Hanson,  chairman: 
Dr.  Adair,  Dr.  Klarkowski,  Mrs.  Thornton, 
Mr.-a.  Snodgrass,  the  president,  ex  officio. 

Finance— Mr.  Arnold,   chairman;   Mr.  Croarkin, 


OF   EDUCATION. 

Mr.  Hanson,  Mr.  Severinghaus,  Mrs.  Snod- 
grass, the  president,  ex  officio. 

Buildings  and  Grounds— Mr.  Severinghaus. 
chairman:  Mr.  Croarkin,  Mr.  Rezny.  Dr. 
Adair,  Mr.  Arnold,  the  president,  ex  officio. 

Committee  on  Direct  Purchases  and  Condemna- 
tion Settlements — The  president,  chairman; 
chairman,  cpmmittee  on  buildings  and 
grounds;  chairman,  committee  on  finance: 
attorney,  and  the  business  manager. 

Committee  on  Rules— Mr.  Davis,  chairman:  Mr. 
Severinghaus.  Mrs.  Snodgrass,  Mr.  Croarkin, 
Mrs.  Thornton. 

Committee  on  Health  and  Sanitation— Dr. 
Adair.  chairman:  Dr.  Klarkowski,  Mrs. 
Thornton,  Mrs.  Snodgrass,  Mr.  Rezny,  the 
president,  ex  officio. 


SCHOOLS  OF   CHICAGO. 

With  the  location  and  principal  of  each. 


SUPERINTENDENTS. 

Superintendent— Charles   E.    Chadsey. 

Associate  Superintendent— Peter  A.  Mortenson. 

Assistant  Superintendent — Ernest  E.  Cole. 

Assistant   Superintendent — Morgan  G.  Hogge. 

Assistant    Superintendent— Ambrose    B.    Wight. 

Community  Centers — Dudley  Grant  Hays. 

Superintendent    of    Parental    School— Fred    M. 
Smith. 

Board  of  Examiners— Peter  A.  Mortenson,  Wil- 
liam H.  Campbell. 

DISTRICT  SUPERINTENDENTS. 

Dist.        Supt.  Office. 

1.  Ella  C.  Sullivan Lake  View  high  school 

2.  R.   M.   Hitch Darwin  school 

3.  C.    D.    Lowry Burr  school 

4.  Elizabeth  W.   Murphy. Marshall  high  school 

5.  Henry    G.    Clark McKinley  high  school 

6.  John  H.   Stube Hammond  school 

7.  Henry   L.    Crane Garfield  school 

8.  Minnie   R.   Cowan Graham  school 

9.  John  A.  Long Normal  school 

10.  Martha   V.  Bishop Fiske  school 

SUPERVISORS. 
Technical    Work    in    High    Schools— Albert    G. 

Bauersfeld. 
Commercial    Work    in    High    Schools— William 

Bachrach. 

Continuation  Schools— E.  G.  Cooley. 
Household  Arts  and  Science— Jennie   H.  Snow. 
Schools  for  Blind— John  B.  Curtis. 
Elementary  Manual  Training  and  Construction 

W9rk— Edward  F.   Worst. 
Music — Agnes  C.   Heath. 
Art— Lucy  S.  Silke. 

Director   of  Child   Study— Daniel  P.  MacMilla.-i. 
.Jijrh  School  Band  Instructor— N.  P.  Peterson. 
Military   in   High    Schools— Lieut.   F.   L.   Beals. 
Physical  Education— Henry  Suder. 

OFFICE   HOURS. 
General  offices  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.; 

Saturdays,  9  a.  m.  to  12  m. 
Business  manager,  4  to  5  p.  m.:   Saturdays,  9 

a.  m.  to  12  m. 
Superintendent,   school  days.   2   to  4:30  p.   m.; 


Saturdays,    9 


to    12    m. 


Assistant   superintendents,    Saturdays,    9    a.  m. 

to  12  m.  and  3  p.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  daily. 
District    superintendents,   daily,   3:30   p.   m.   to 

5.30  p.  m. 

Practice  and  Other  Schools. 

Chicago    Normal    College— 6800    Stewart    ave- 
nue:   William  Bishop  Owen. 
Parker  Practice  School — 6800  Stewart  avenue; 

William  R.  Hatfleld. 
Haines   Practice    School— 231    West   23d   place: 

Elizabeth   R.   Dr  ly. 
Carter   Practice    School— 5740    South   Michigan 

avenue:   Abby   E.   Lane. 
Chicago  Parental  School — 3600  Foster  avenue: 

Fred  M.   Smith,    superintendent. 


Austin- 
wood. 

Bowen— 8860 
Blabl. 


High    Schools. 
5417  Fulton  street;    George   H.   Rock- 


Manistee     avenue;     Frank     W. 


Calumet — 8025    Normal    avenue;    Grant   Beebe. 

Crane  Technical— 2246  West  Van  Buren  street: 
William  J.  Bartholf. 

Englewood — 6220  Stewart  avenue;  Clarence  E. 
De  Butts. 

Fenger— 50  East  115th  street:  Thomas  C.  Hill. 

Flower  Technical— 6059  South  Wabash  ave- 
nue: Dora  Wells. 

Harrison  Technical— 2850  West  24th  Street 
boulevard;  Frank  L.  Morse. 

Hyde  Park— 6220  Stony  Island  avenue;  Hiram 
B.  Loomis. 

Lake  View— 4015  North  Ashland  avenue:  B. 
Frank  Brown. 

Lane  Technical— 1225  Sedgwick  street;  William 
J.  Bo^;tn. 

Lindblom— 61st  and  Lincoln  streets;  Harry 
Keeler. 

Marshall— 3250  West  Adams  street;  Louis  J. 
Block. 

McKinley— 2040  West  Adams  street;  George  M. 
Clay  berg. 

Medill— 1326   West  14th  place;   Avon  S.   Hall. 

Morgan  Park— ,11043  Hermosa  avenue;  Wil- 
liam Schoch. 


Parker— 6800     Stewart     avenue;      Charles 

French. 
Phillips— 244    East    39th     street:     Charles 


Perrine. 
Schurz—  3601    Milwaukee    avenue;    Walter    F. 

Slocum. 
Senn—  5900  North  Glenwood  avenue;  Benjamin 

F.   Uuck. 
Tilden—  645     West     47th     place:     Edward     C. 

Rosseter. 
Tuley—  1313   North   Claremont  avenue;   Frank- 

lin P.  Fisk. 
Waller—  2007  Orchard  street;   John  E.  Adams. 

Elementary    Schools. 
Adams—  849    Townsend    street;    Dora   W.    Zoll- 

man. 
Agassiz—  2851      Seminary      avenue:      Lina      E. 

Troendl". 
Alcott—  670    Wright  wood    avenue;    William    C 

Dodge. 
Altgeld  —  1340    West    71st    street;    James    W. 

Brooks. 
Andersen  —  1155  North  Lincoln  street;   Francis 

M.  McKay. 
Archer    Avenue  —  4930    Archer    avenue; 

beth   L.    Drew. 
Armour—  950  West  33d  place;   Martin  E 

ney. 


Hur- 


Armstrong—  7050  Pingree  street:  Azile  B.  Rey- 

nolds: 
Arnold—  2001    Burling   street:    A.    Esther   Cam- 

field. 


908 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


Auburn    Park  —  8025    Normal    avenue;    Grant 

Beebe. 
Audubon— 3500  North  Hoyne  avenue:  Mary  E. 

Vaughan. 
Avondale — 2945    North    Sawyer    avenue;    John 

H.  Stehman. 
Bancroft— 1638      North      Maptewood     avenue; 

Carrie  F.  Patterson. 
Barnard— 10354    Charles    street;    Elizabeth    H. 

Sutherland. 

Baas— 6554   South  May  street:  Lucy   I.  Laing. 
Beale— 6043   South  Sangamon  street;  John   W. 

May. 
Beaubien — 5025  North  Laramie  avenue;  Sarah 

J.   O'Keefo. 

Beidler— 3151   Walnut  street:   Jay  C.  Edwards, 
Belding — 4257  North  Tripp  avenue;  Delos  Buz- 

zell. 
Bell— 3730    Oakley    boulevard:     Esther    J.    W. 

Barker. 
Blaine — 3808  Southport  avenue;  Mary  J.  Zoll- 

man. 
Bradwell — 7710    Burnham  avenue;   Georgia   A. 

Seaman. 

Brentano — 2723    North   Fairfield    avenue;    Wil- 
liam M.    Roberts. 
Brown — 1758     Warren     avenue;     Matilda     M. 

Niehaus. 

Brownell— 6509  Perry  avenue;  Alice  E.  Sollitt. 
Bryant  — 1355     South     Kedvale     avenue;     Ida 

Mighell. 
Bryn  Mawr— 7355  South  Jeffery  avenue:  Mar- 

graret  J.  McKee. 
Budlong— 2701     Foster     avenue:      Minnie     M. 

Jamieson. 
Burke — 5356     South    Park    avenue;     J.    Clara 

Breese. 

Burley — 1630   Barry   avenue:   Ida   L.  Jaeger. 
Burns— 2524  South  Central  Park  avenue;  Rob- 
ert Nig-hting-ale. 
Burnside— 650     East     91st     place;     Frank     W. 

Rieder. 

Burr— 1621  Wabansia  avenue;  Samuel  R.  Meek. 
Burroughs — 3542  Washtenaw  avenue;  Mary  F. 

Willard. 

Byford — 5600   Iowa    street;    Novella   M,    Close. 
Calhoun — 2850  West  Jackson  "boulevard;  Jean- 

nette  P.  Robinson. 
Cameron — 1236  Monticello  avenue:  Herbert  L. 

Merrill. 
Carpenter — 666   North   Racine   avenue;    Volney 

Underbill. 

Chalmers-Plamondon — 1220  South  Fairfield  ave- 
nue:   Thomas    J.   Casey. 

Chase— 2021  Point   street:    Solon  S.  Dodg-e. 
Chicago    and    Cook    County    School   for  Boys — 

2615    South   California    avenue;    superintend- 
ent. Orris  J.  Milliken. 
Chopin — Iowa     street     and     Campbell     avenue: 

William  C.  Payne. 
Clarke^-1310    South    Ashland    avenue:    Henry 

C.  Beers. 

Clay— .13231  Burley  avenue;  Flora  V.  Renaud. 
Clearing- — South     Central     avenue,     near     55th 

street;    Moses  Mnier. 
Cleveland— 3850  North  Albany   avenue;   Lewis 

W.    Colwell. 
Colman— 4655   South   Dearborn  street;   Francis 

G.   Rogers. 

Columbus— 2120  Augusta  street;   Kate  A.  Reedy. 
Coonley— i048  North  Leavitt  street:   Elizabeth 

A.   McGill-n. 

Cooper— 1624  West  19th  street:  Ida  A.  Shaver. 
Copernicus — 6010    South    Throop    street:    Cora 

Caverno. 
Corkery — 2510    South    Kildare    avenue:    Daniel 

F.  O'H~n-n. 

Cornell — 7520   Drexel   avenue;   Flora   J.   Joslyn. 
Cregier— 1820  Yeaton   street:   William   F.   Ging- 
rich. 
Crerar — 1002     Campbell    avenue;     Annette     M. 

Chapin. 

Curtis— 50   East   115th   street;   Thomas  C.  Hill. 
Dante— 810    South   Desplaines    street:    June   H. 

MacConkey. 


Darwin— 2314    North    Albany    avenue;    Charles 

A.  Myall. 

Davis—3014  West  39th  place:  Helen  C.  Maine. 
Delano— 3937  Wilcox  street:  Gerbrandus  A. 

Osing-a. 
Dewey— 5415     South    Union    avenue:     Edward 

McLoughlm. 
Doolittle— 525     East     35th     street:     Margaret 

Madden. 
Dore— 758  West  Harrison  street:  Nora  F 

Doran. 

Douglas— 3211  Forest  avenue:  Susan  Bonfield. 
Drake— 2641  Calumet  avenue:  Helen  W.  Mc- 

Loughhn. 
Drummond— 1845     Cortland     street:     Elizabeth 

Haines. 
Earle— 6121  South  Hermitage  avenue:  Ira 

C.  Baker. 
Eberhart— 3400    West    65th    place:    Helen    N. 

Blanchard. 
Emmet    (Austin)— 5500   West   Madison   street: 

Helen   B.    Eastman. 
Ericsson— 2930     West     Harrison     street:     Otto 

M.   Becker. 
Everett— 3419    South    Irving    avenue:    Patrick 

F.  Haley. 

Falconer— North    Lamon    and    Wellington    ave- 
nues:   Ada   B.   Sempill. 

Fallon— 4174   Wallace   street;    Thecla  Doniat. 
Farragut— 2336    South    Spaulding   avenue;    Al- 
bert W.  Evans. 
Farren— 5030   South  Wabash   avenue;    Isabella 

Dolton. 

Felsenthal — 4101  Calumet  avenue. 
Field— 7019  North  Ashland  avenue;   Albert  L. 

Stevenson. 

Fiske — 6145  Ingleside  avenue;  Harry  T.  Baker 
Forrestville — 4451   St.   Lawrence  avenue;   Flor- 
ence Holbrook. 

Foster— 720  O'Brien  street;  Mary  B.  Catelain. 
Franklin— 226  West  Goethe  street:  Etta  Q  Gee 
Froebel— 2021  West  21st  street:  William  W. 

Reed. 

Fuller— 537  East  42d  street;  Louise  K.  Stone. 
Fulton— 5300  South  Hermitage  avenue;  Clara 

H.   McFarlin. 
Funston— 2010    North    Central    Park    avenue: 

Thomas  J.  Plant. 
Gage  Park— 5516  Maplewood  avenue:  Gertrude 

E.  English. 
Gallistel— 10347     Ewing    avenue;      James      H. 

Henry. 
Garfield— 820  West  14th  place:  Charles  A 

Kent. 
Gary— 3000    South    Ridgeway    avenue:    Frank 

W.   Stahl. 
Gladstone— 1231  South  Robey  street:   Harry  S 

Vaile. 
Goethe — 2236    North    Rockwell    street;    Charles 

S.   Bartholf. 
Goodrich— 915    West  Taylor   street;    Esther   R. 

P.   Hcwnbaker. 

Goudy— 5124  Winthrop  avenue:  Louise  Schroll. 
Graham — 4436  South  Union  avenue;  Mary  T. 

Grant— 2433     Wilcox     street;     Marguerite     L. 

O'Brien. 
Gray— 3810  North  Laramie  avenue;  Ella  R. 

Connell. 
Greene— 3537  South  Paulina  street;  Elizabeth 

B.  Letzknss. 

Gresham— 8510   South   Green  street;    Isabel   G. 

Graham. 
Hamilton— 1650  Cornelia  avenue;  M.  Elizabeth 

Farson. 
Hamline — 4747  South  Bishop  street;  Eleanor 

Reese  Dunn. 
Hammond— 2815   West   2ist   place:    Adrian   M. 

Doolin. 
Hanson  Park -Mont  Clare — 5520  Grand  avenue: 

Fannie  L.  Ma^He. 
Harper— 6520    South    Wood    street;    Walter    J. 

Harrower. 
j  Harvard — 7537   Harvard   avenue. 


ALMANAC 


AND 


YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


909 


Haugan — 4540  North  Hamlin  avenue:  Thomas 

C.  Johnson. 
Haven — 1472  South  Wabash  avenue;  Clara  W. 

Creedon. 
Hawthorne — 3300  Seminary  avenue;  George  W. 

Davis. 
Hayes— 258  North  Leavitt  street:  Jane  H.  Mac- 

Conkey. 
Hay t— 1518  Granville  avenue:  Elmer  L.  Kletz- 

ingr. 
Healy— 3037     Wallace     street:     Katherine     S. 

Rueff. 
Hedges — 4735  South  Winchester  avenue;  Mar- 

cella  R.  Hanlon. 
Hendricks  —  313    West    43d    street;    Fred    R. 

Nichols. 
Henry — 4250  North  St.  Louis  avenue;  Mary  E. 

C.  Lyons. 
Herzl — 1433  South  Ridgreway  avenue;  Jaroslav 

J.    Zmrhal. 
Hibbard— 3244     Ainslie     street:      Chester     C. 

Dodgre. 
Holden— 3065  South  Loomis  street;  Lincoln  P. 

Goodhue. 
Holmes— 5525  South  Morgan  street:  Daniel  A. 

Tear. 
Howe    (Austin)— 720   Lorel   avenue;   Mary   E. 

Vance. 

Howland— 1604   South   Spaulding   avenue. 
Irving-— 2140     West     Lexington     street;     John 

W.  Troeger. 
Irving'    Park— 3815    North     Kedvale     avenue; 

Mary  McMahon. 

Jackson— 820  Sholto  street:  William  Hedges. 
Jahn— 3149    North   Lincoln    street:    Cephas    H. 

Leach. 
Jefferson— 1010   South  Laflin  street:  Catherine 

M.  Delanty. 

Jenner— 1009  Milton  avenue:  Frederick  J.  Lane. 
Jirka— 1400  West  17th  street:  Mary  E.  Rodg- 

ers. 

Jungman— 1746  Loeffler  court:  Sarah  A.  Flem- 
ing. 

Juvenile  Court  School— 748  Forauer  street. 
Keith— 3400     South     Dearborn     street;     Mary 

McNorney. 
Kelvyn  Park — 4343  Wrightwood  avenue;  Chas. 

H.   Ostrander. 
Kenwood — 4959     Blackstone     avenue;     Abigail 

M.  Hunt. 
Kershaw— 643    South  Union    avenue;    William 

Radebaugh. 
Key     (Austin) — 517    North    Parkside    avenue; 

Lillian   H.   Wright. 
King— 2420   West    Harrison   street;    Harriet  F. 

Hay  wood 
Knickerbocker— 2301     North     Clifton    avenue; 

Mary   G.   Guthrie. 
Kohn— 10434    South    State    street:    Charles    C. 

Cobb. 
Komensky— 1923    South   Throop   street;    James 

W.  McGinnis. 
Kosciuszko — 1424    North    Cleaver    street:    Ida 

M.   Cook. 
Kozminski— 936     East      54th      street:      Leslie 

Lewis. 
Lafayette— 2700      Aug-usta      street:      Mary      I. 

Purer. 

Langland— 2230  Cortland  street:  Effie  C.  Tinen. 
La  Salle— 326  West  Eugenie  street;  Mary  Tay- 
lor. 
Lawson — 1256   South   Homan   avenue:    Charles 

C.   Krauskopf. 

LeMoyne — Rokeby    and    Addison    streets:    Abi- 
gail C.  Ellings. 
Lewis-Champlin  —  6200       Princeton       avenue: 

Samuel   B.   Allison. 
Libby — 5300  South  Loomis  street:  Florence  U. 

Colt. 

Lincoln — 2324  Larrabee  street. 
Linne — 3321  North  Sacramento  avenue:   Chas. 

A.   Cook. 
Lloyd— 2103    North   Lamon   avenue:    Jacob   H. 

Hauch. 


Logan—  2238  North  Oakley  avenue:   M.   Ther- 

ese  Norton. 
Longfellow—  1901     West     35th     street;     Mary 

E.  Gilbert. 
Lowell—  3312   Hirsch   street;   G.  Charles   Grif- 

fiths. 
Madison—  7433   Dorchester   avenue:    Sarah   A. 

Milner. 
Manierre—  1420  Hudson  avenue;  David  E.  Mc- 

Cracken. 
Marsh—  9810    Exchange    avenue:    Franklin    C. 

Donecker. 
Marshall—  3250   West   Adams   street:    Louis   J. 

Block. 
May—  512    South    Lavergne    avenue;    Cora    E. 

Lewis. 
Mayfair  —  4615  North  Kilpatrick  avenue:  Annie 

S.    Newman. 
McClellan—  3527  Walnut  street:  Lilias  M.  Wil- 

liamson 
McCormick—  2712  South  Sawyer  avenue:  Mary 

L.    Twohig-. 
McCosh—  6543     Champlain     avenue:     Ida     M. 

Phalman. 
McLaren—  1500    Flournoy     street:     Charles    J. 

Lunak. 
McPherson  —  4728    North   Lincoln   street;    Ade- 

laide E.  Jordan. 
Mitchell—  2233    West    Ohio    street:    Tracy    H. 

Holmes. 
Monroe—  3650    Schubert    avenue:    J.    Edward 

Huber. 
Moos  —  1711  North  California  avenue:   Thomas 

C.  M.  Jamieson 
Morgran    Park—  2364    West    110th   street:    Wil- 

liam Schoch. 

Morris—  919  Barry  Avenue:  Luella  Heinroth. 
Morse  —  620   North  Sawyer  avenue;    George  L. 

Voorhees. 
Moseley—  2348       South       Michigan       avenue: 

Leona  L.  Thorne 
Motley—  738    North    Ada    street:    Miriam    Del 

Banco. 
Mozart—  2200  North  Hamlin  avenue:  Nellie  C. 

Hudd. 

Mulligan—  1832  Sheffield  avenue:  Hanna  Schiff. 
Nash  —  4851  West  Erie  street;  Fred  J.  Watson. 
Nettelhorst—  3252  Broadway:  Robert  L. 

Hughes. 

Newberry—  700  Willow  street:  Mary  E.  Fellowf  . 
Nixon  —  2121  North  Keeler  avenue:  G.  Ovedia 

Jacobs. 

Nobel—  4127  Hirsch  street:  Marie  A.  Dunne. 
Norwood  Park  —  5900  Nina  avenue. 
Oakland—  750     East     40th     street:     Sarah     M. 

Hennen. 
Ogden—  9    West    Chestnut    street;    Martha    M. 


Oglesby—  7646    South    Green    street:    Daniel    J. 

Beeby. 

Orr  —  4212  Cortez  street:  Katherine  A.  Riordan. 
Otis  —  525   Armour   street:   John   M.   Duggan. 
Parkman  —  245    West  51st  street:   John   B.  Mc- 

Gint.v. 
Park   Manor  —  7049   Rhodes  avenue:   Genevieve 

Melody. 
Parkside—  6938  East  End  avenue:  Jane  S.  At- 

water. 
Peabody  —  1444     Augusta      street:      Mary      H. 

Smyth. 
Pierce  —  1423    Bryn    Mawr    avenue:    Inger    M. 

Schjoldager. 
Penn  —  1616  South  Avers  avenue;  Bertha   Ben- 

son. 
Pickard—  2il05   South   Oakley  boulevard:    Mary 

Ryan. 

Pope  —  3000  West  10th  street:  Frank  A.  Fucik. 
Portage    Park—  5330    Berteau    avenue:    Wash- 

ington D.  Smyz^r. 
Prescott  —  1632   Wrightwood    avenue;    Margaret 

S.   Fitch. 
Pulaski—  2030   North  Leavitt   street:    Anna    C. 

Goggin. 
Pullman—  521    East    113th    street:    Daniel    R. 

Martin. 


910 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Raster— 6936   South  Hermitage  avenue;    David 

L.  Murray. 
Ravenswood — 4322      North      Paulina       street; 

Josiah   F.   Kletzing. 
Ray— 5631   South  Kimbark  avenue;   Arthur  O. 

Rape. 
Raymond— 3633    South   Wabash    avenue:    John 

L.  Lewis. 

Reilly— 3650    School    street;    Helen    H.   Robin- 
son. 

Revere— 7145  Ellis  avenue;  Louise  K.  Stone. 
Riis— 1018  Lytle  street;  Cecilia  B.  Schimek. 
Rogers— 1247  West  13th  place;  Alice  A. 

Hogan. 

Ryder— 8716   Wallace   street;   Minnie  M.  Tall- 
man. 
Ryerson— 620    North   Lawndale   avenue;    Sarah 

A.    Kirkley. 
Sabin— 2216      Hirsch      street;      Mary      J.      W. 

Boughan. 
Sawyer   Avenue — 5248    South   Sawyer   avenue; 

Robert    G.   Jeffrey. 
Scanlon— 11725    Perry    avenue;     Harriette    T. 

Treadwell. 

Schiller— 700  Vedder  street:   Belle  B.  Murphy. 
Schley— 1240   North  Oakley  avenue;   Minna   S. 

Heuermann. 

Schneider— 3029   North   Hoyne   avenue:    Eliza- 
beth  E.   Fisk. 
Scott— 6435    Blackstone    avenue:    William    F. 

Chamberlain. 
Seward — 4600   South  Hermitage  avenue;   Mary 

A.  Forkin. 
Sexton.  Austin  O.— 641  East  60th  street:  John 

A.  Johnson. 
Sexton.  James  A.— 1029  Wells  street:  Visa  Mc- 

Laughlin. 
Shakespeare — 4623  Greenwood  avenue:   Walter 

H.    Comstock. 

Shepard— 2839  Fillmore  street;  Katherine  Cut- 
ler. 
Sheridan.      Mark— 533      West      27th       street: 

Augustus  R.  Dillon. 

Sheridan.    Phil— 9001    Escanaba    avenue:     Ed- 
ward C.   Morse. 
Sherman— 5116   South  Morgan  street:   Levi  T. 

Regan. 
Sherwood— 245   West   57th   street:    Edmund  B. 

Smith. 
Shields— 4250    South  Rockwell   street;    Edward 

Wildeman. 

Skinner — 1112  West  Jackson  boulevard:    Caro- 
line Jane  Utter. 
Smyth— 1059    West    13th    street:    William    R. 

Hornbaker. 

Spalding— 1 623  Park  avenue:  Jane  A.  Neil. 
Spencer— 214   North  Lavergne  avenue;   Harriet 

S.  Thompson. 
Spry— 2400     Marshall    boulevard;     William    J. 

Fra  ser. 
Stewart — 4525  Kenmore  avenue;   Archibald  O. 

Coddington. 
Stowe — 3444     Wabansia     avenue;      Frank      A. 

Larck. 
Sullivan — 8255    South   Houston    avenue:    Anna 

F.    Mullay, 
Sumner — 715  South  Kildare  avenue:   Edgar  W. 

Trout. 
Swift— 5900  Winthrop  avenue;  Harriet  A.  Eck- 

hardt. 

Swing— 1701   String  street;   Mary  W.  O'Keefe. 
Talcott— 1850    West    Ohio    street;    Herbert    C. 

Hansen. 

Taylor— 9913  Avenue  J:  Annie  K.  Sullivan. 
Tennyson— 2800  West  Fulton  street:  Gertrude 

Corrigan. 
Thorp.    J.   N.— 8915   Burley   avenue;   Henry   D. 

Hatch. 
Thorp.   Ole  A.— 6329  Addison  street;   Mary   E. 

Marnell. 


Tilton— 4150  West  Randolph  street;   Bertha  S. 

Armbruster. 

Trumbull — 1600  Foster  avenue;  Helen  R.  Ryan. 
University    Avenue— 9125    University    avenue; 

Jessie  E.   Black. 
Vanderpoel — 9510      South      Prospect      avenue; 

Catherine  A.  Burke. 
Van  Vlissingen— 137  West  108th  place;  George 

A.   Brennan. 
Von    Humboldt— 1410   North   Rockwell   street; 

Humphrey  J.  Moynihan. 
Wadsworth — 6420     University    avenue;     Frank 

Mayo. 
Walsh— 2015    South   Peoria    street:    Alfred    E. 

Logie. 
Ward— 2700    South    Shields    avenue:    Myra    C. 

Billings. 

Warren— 9210  Chappel  avenue;  Edith  P.  Shep- 
herd. 
Washington— d  000     Grand     avenue;     Luman 

Hewes. 

Waters— 2519  Wilson  avenue:    Esther  E.  Mor- 
gan. 
Webster— 3315    Wentworth    avenue;    Alice    M. 

Hogge. 
Wells— 936  North  Ashland  avenue;   Georg-e  B. 

Masslich. 
Wentworth— 6950      South      Sangamon      street; 

James  E.  McDade. 
West  Pullman— 11941  Parnell  avenue;  Rose  A. 

Pesta. 
Whitney— 2815    Komensky    avenue;    M.   J.    He- 

venor. 

Whittier— 1900  West  23d  street:  Mary  J.  Rice. 
Wicker   Park — 2032    Evergreen   avenue;    Frank 

H.  Chase. 
Willard — 4901     St.    Lawrence     avenue:     Grace 

Reed. 

Yale — 7010  Yale  avenue;  Cyrus  L.  Harper. 
Yates— 1849  North  Richmond  street;  Blanca  R. 

Daigger. 


CHICAGO  PUBLIC  SCHOOL 

STATISTICS. 

Enroll- 

Teach- 

Enroll* 

Teach- 

Year. 

ment. 

ers. 

Year. 

ment. 

ers. 

1841.. 

410 

5 

1882. 

.  68.614 

1.019 

1842.. 

531 

7 

1883. 

.  72.509 

1,107 

1843.. 

808 

7 

1884. 

.  76.044 

1.196 

1844.. 

915 

8 

1885. 

.  79.278 

1.296 

1845.. 

1.051 

1886. 

.  83,022 

1.440 

1846.. 

1.107 

1887. 

.  84.902 

1.574 

1847.. 

1.317 

18 

1888. 

.  89.578 

1,663 

1848.. 

1.517 

18 

1889. 

.  93.737 

1.801 

1849.. 

1.794 

18 

1890. 

.135.541 

2.711 

1850... 

1.919 

21 

1891. 

.146.751 

3.000 

1851.. 

2.287 

25 

1892. 

.157.743 

3.300 

1852.. 

2,404 

29 

1893. 

.166.895 

3.520 

1853 

3  086 

34 

1894. 

.185,358 

3.812 

1854..! 

3.500 

35 

1895. 

.201.380 

4.326 

1855..  . 

6.826 

42 

1896. 

.213.835 

4.668 

1856-7 

8.577 

61 

1897. 

.225.718 

4,914 

1858... 

10.786 

81 

1898. 

.236.239 

5.268 

1859... 

12.873 

101 

1899. 

.242.807 

5.535 

1860... 

14.199 

123 

1900. 

.255.861 

5.806 

1861... 

16.441 

160 

1901. 

.262.738 

5.951 

1862... 

17.521 

187 

1902. 

268.392 

5.775 

1863.. 

21.188 

212 

1903. 

258.968 

5.444 

1864-5 

29.080 

240 

1904. 

264,397 

6.570 

1866... 

24,851 

265 

1905. 

267,837 

5.695 

1867... 

27.260 

319 

1906. 

272.086 

5.808 

1868... 

29.954 

401 

1907. 

273.050 

5,981 

1869... 

34.740 

481 

1908. 

292.581 

6.106 

1870... 

38.939 

557 

1909. 

296.427 

6.296 

1871... 

40.832 

572 

1910. 

300,893 

6.383 

1872... 

38.035 

476 

1911. 

304.146 

6,584 

1873... 

44.091 

564 

1912. 

307.281 

6.740 

1874... 

47,963 

679 

1913. 

315.737 

7.013 

1875... 

49.121 

700 

1914. 

332.248 

7.544 

1876... 

51.128 

762 

1915. 

345.512 

7.795 

1877... 

53.529 

730 

1916. 

357.511 

7.992 

1878... 

55.109 

797 

1917. 

360.639 

8.142 

1879... 

56.587 

851 

1918. 

368.225 

8,316 

1880... 

59.562 

898 

1919. 

377.058 

8.558 

1881... 

63.141 

958 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


911 


SALARY  SCHEDULES  OF  CHICAGO  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

In  force  during1  fiscal  year  1919.   Per  year  unless   otherwise   specified. 


SUPERINTENDENTS  AND   SUPERVISORS. 

Superintendent  of  schools $18.000 

Assistant  superintendents,  each 5.500 

District  superintendents,  each 5.000 

Examiners,  each 5,000 

Supervisor     technical     work     in     high 

schools    4,000 

tupervisor  physical  education   4.000 

upervisor  elementary  manual  training.  4.500 

Supervisor  household  arts 4.000 

Supervisor  schools  for  the  blind 2,750 

Supervisor  modern  languages  3,500 

Supervisor,  commercial  work  3.720 

Director  of  child  study 4.000 

Supervisor  teachers  of  music 3.250 

Supervisor  teachers  of  art   3.250 

Band  instructor,  high  school 2,100 

Director  special  schools 4.500 

Director  school  extension 4,500 

Chief  vocational  adviser 2.500 

CHICAGO    NORMAL    COLLEGE. 

Principal.   Chicago   Normal    college $5,500 

Assistant  to  the  principal,  $300  extra  over 
and  above  the  regular  schedule  for  heads  of 
departments. 

Second  year. , 
Third  year. .. 
Fourth  year.. 


Heads  of  Departments. 


First  year 

Second  year.. . 

Third  year 

Fourth  year. . . 
Fifth   year.... 

Sixth  year 

Seventh  -year. . 
Eighth  year. . . 

Ninth  year 

Tenth  year 

Eleventh  year. 
Twelfth  year. 

Instructors. 

Lower  Group. 

First  year $1.400 


.$2.200 
.  2,350 
.  2.500 
.  2.650 
.  2.800 
.  2.950 
.  3.100 
.  3.250 
.  3.400 
.  3.550 
.  3.700 
.  3.950 


Fifth  year. . 
Sixth  year. . . 
Seventh  year 


Upper  Group. 


$1.515 
1.630 
1,745 
1.860 
1.975 
2.090 


First    year 2.205 

Second  year 2.320 

Third  year 2.435 

Fourth   year 2,550 

Fifth   year 2.665 

Sixth  year 2.780 

Seventh  year 2.895 

Eighth  year 3.010 

Ninth  year 3.125 

Tenth  year 3.200 

Substitutes    in    the   Chicago   Normal   receive 
$5.00  per  day  for  days  of  actual  service. 

HIGH    SCHOOLS. 
Principals.  _ I  Third    year $1,430 


First  year $3,450 

Second  year..  .  3.580 
Third  year...  3.696 
Fourth  year.  3.811 
Fifth  year...  3,927 
Sixth  year....  4.042 
Seventh  year.  4.158 
Eighth  year...  4,273 

Ninth  year 4.389 

Tenth  year....      4.504 

Eleventh   year      4.629 

Teachers — General 

Certificate. 
Lower  Group. 

First  year $1.200 

Second  year 1.315 


Fourth   year 1,545 

Fifth   year 1.660 

Sixth  year 1,775 

Seventh  year....  1,890 

Upper  Group. 

First  year    2.005 

Second  year...:.  2.120 

Third  year 2,235 

Fourth  year 2,350 

Fifth  year 2.465 

Sixth   year 2.580 

Seventh  year....  2.695 

Eighth  year 2,810 

Ninth  year 2.925 

Tenth  year 3.000 


Teachers  in  High  Schools  Holding  Limited  Cer- 
tificates as  Teachers  of  a  Modern  Lanauage, 
Commercial  Subjects,  Manual  Training,  House- 

•  hold  Arts.  Music  or  Physical  Education. 
Lower  Group. 


First  year $1,200 

Second  year 1.257 

Third  year 1.315 


Fifth   year $1,430 

Sixth  year 1  .487 

Seventh  year  and 

Fourth  year 1.372        after  1.545 

Teacher$  of  Physical  Edvcation.  Music,  Art  and 
Manual  Training  in  High  Schools  Holding 
Limited  Certificates. 

Upner  Group. 


First  year $1.660 

Second  year 1.775. 

Third  year 1,890 

Fourth  year 2.005 

Fifth  year 2.120 


Sixth    year $2,235 

Seventh  year. . .    2  350 

F.iehth  year 2,465 

Ninth    and   sub- 
sequent years. .  2,575 


Teachers  in  High  Schools  Holding  Limited  Cer- 
tificates  as    Teachers   of   Modern   Languages, 
Commercial  Subjects  or  Household  Arts. 
Upper  Group. 


First  year $1.602 

Second  year 1,660 

Third  year 1,717 

Fourth  year ....   1.775 


V'fth  year $1.832 

Sixth  year l,«yo 

Seventh  and  sub- 
sequent years.  2.000 


Assistants  to   Principals— High   Schools 
ssistants  to  principals  are  paid  $300  e 


extra 


over  and  above  the  regular  schedule  for  high 
school  teachers. 

Deans  of  Girls  in  High  Schools. 
Deans  of  girls  are  paid  $300  extra  over  and 
above    the    regular    schedule    for   high    school 
teachers. 

Head  of  Branches— High  Schools. 
Teachers  in  charge  of  branches  receive  $150 
extra. 

Extra  Teachers— High,  Schools. 
Lower  Group. 


Fifth  year... $1,072.60 
Sixth  year.  .  .1.127.50 
Seventh  year..  1.182.50 


First  year  .....  $852.50 
Second  year.  .  .  907.50 
Third  year.  .  .  962.50 
Fourth  year.  .1.017.50 

Upper  Group. 

In  schools  with  a  membership  below  1,000, 
salary   advance  on  the  schedule. 
First  year  .............................  $1,237.50 

In  schools  with  a  membership  between  1,000 
and  1.500  advance  on  schedule. 
Second  year  ...........................  $1.292.50 

In  schools  with  a  membership  between  1,500 
and  2.000  advance  on  schedule. 
Third  year  ............................  $1.358.50 

In  schools  with  a  membership  over  2,000  ad- 
vance on  the  schedule. 
Fourth  year  ...........................  $1,490.50 

Teachers  at  the  Parental  School. 
Lower  Group. 

Primary.Grammar. 


First  year  ....................  $825 

Second  year  ..................  875 

Third  year  ...................  925 

Fourth  year  ..................  975 


$850 
900 
950 
1.000 
1,050 
1.100 
1.150 


Fifth  year  ....................   1,025 

Sixth  year  ...................   1.075 

Seventh  year  .................   1.125 

Upper  Group. 
Eighth  year  ..................   1.175  1.200 

Ninth  year  ..............   1.225  1.250 

Tenth  year  ...................   1.285  1.310 

Eleventh  year  ................    1.405  1,430 

Twelfth  year  .................    1.525  1.550 

Teachers  at  the  parental  school  are  employed 
for  52  weeks  in  the  year  and  are  paid  for 
thirteen  periods  of  four  weeks  each. 

Military  instructor  at  the  parental  school, 
$25  per  month  extra. 

Teachers  at  t*>e   Chicago  and  Cook  County 

School  for  Boys. 

Lower  Group. 

Primary.  Grammar. 
First  year  ..................     $907.50  $935 

Second  year  .................       962.50  990 

Third  year  .................    1.017.50          1.045 

Fourth  year.  ..  .    1.072.50          1.100 

Fifth  year  .................    1.127.50          1.1R5 

Sixth   year  ..................    1.182.50          1.210 

Seventh  year  ..............    1.237.50          1.265 

Upper  Group. 
Eighth  year  .............    1.292.50          1.320 

Ninth  year.  <  ...............    1.347.50  1.375 

Tenth  year  .................    1,413.50  1.441 

Eleventh  year  ...............    1.545.50  1.573 

Twelfth  year  ...............    1.677.50  1.705 

Teachers  at  the  Chicago  and  Cook  county 
school  for  boys  are  employed  for  fifty-two 
weeks  in  the  year  and  are  paid  for  thirteen 
periods  of  four  weeks  each. 


912 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Women. 
$600 
660 
660 
715 
715 
715 
715 

715 
715 
715 
715 
715 


Family  Officers  at  the  Parental  School  and  the 
Chicago  and  Cook  County  School  for  Boys. 

Lower  Group. 

Men 

First  year 

Second  year 

Third  year }- 

Fourth  year 

Fifth  year 

Sixth  year 

Seventh  year 1, 

Upper  Group. 

Eighth  year 1.202.50 

Ninth  year }#2§-28 

Tenth  year M8£S2 

Eleventh  year 1.300.00 

Twelfth  year 1.332.50 

ELEMENTARY  SCHOOLS. 
Teachers  of  Art  and  Singing. 
Placed   on  high  school  general   schedule  for 
1918. 

Principals  Elementary  Schools. 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 

1  ...$2,000     5 82,600 

I.'..     ; 2.150,6 2.750 

.    2,300     7 2.900 

I::::::::::::!..    2.450*  ^^^! 

Must  promote  before  advancing. 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 

8  ...$3,100  I  11 $3,550 

9  ..3.250     12 3.750 

10!!". 3.4001 

Head  Assistants. 
(8270  above  primary.) 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years 
1 81.350     5 

2      6 

3. 


Manual   Training. 

($310  above  primary.) 

Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 


1 $1,085 

2 1,135 

3 1,185 

4 1.235 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 


5 81,2* 

6 1.3J 

7...  .     1,3* 


4. 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 

8 $1.400  111 $1,630 

9.'.'.  ...........    1-450     12 1.750 

10 1.510  I 

Eighth  Grade. 
($125  above  primary.) 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years 
1 01.200     5 

3. 

4. 


Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 


11 81.480 

12...  .   1.60C 


8 $1.250 

9 1.300 

10 1.360 

Teachers  Elementary  Schools. 

Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 

Prim-      Gram-  |  Prim-      Gram 

ary.          mar.  ary.          mar 

1  .     $775         $800     5 $975     $1.00( 

2  825  850     6 1.025        1,05 

875  900     7 1.075        1.10 

4;.'::::       925  950 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 

8  ...$1,125     $1,150111 $1,355     $1,38( 

9  1175        1,200     12 1.475        1,50( 

I0i '.'...    1.235       1.260  I 

Critic  Teacher— Elementary  Schools. 

(8175  above  primary.) 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 


1 $950 

2 1.000 

3  .     1.050 

4'.; i.ioo 

Five  automat.^  upner  group  years 


$1,15 

6 1.20 

7...  .    1.25 


11 $1,665 

12...  .   1.785 


8 $1.435 

9 1,485 

.0 1,545 

Physical  Education. 

($310  above  primary.) 

Seven  automatic  lower  group  years 


5 $1.285 

6 1.335 


$1,085 
1,135 

3 1.185 

4 1.235 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 

8. . .  ...  $1.435    11 $1,665 

9 1.485     12 1,785 

10 1,545 

Household  Arts— Elementary  Schools. 

($200  above  primary.) 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 

$975     5 $1.175 

1,025     6 1.225 

3...  .     1,075     7 1.275 

4 1.125 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 

8 $1,325  |  11 $1,555 

9 1.375     12 1.675 

10 1,435  ' 

Crippled   Children— Elementary   Schools. 
(Primary  grade  $150  above  elementary;  gram- 
mar grade  $150  above  primary.) 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 

Prim-      Gram-  Prim-      Gram- 

ary.       -  mar.  ary.          mar. 

1 $925        8925    5 $1,125     $1,150 

2 975        1.000     6 1.175        1,200 

3 1.025       1,050     7 1,225       1,250 

4 1.075       1.100 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 

8 $1.275       1.300111 $1.505     $1,530 

9 1.325       1.350    12 1.625       1.650 

10 1.385       1.410  I 

Leaf   Children— Elementary  Schools. 
(Primary  grade.  $150  above  elementary;  gram- 
mar grade.  $150  above  primary.) 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 

Prim-      Gram-  Prim-      Gram- 

ary.          mar.  ary.          mar. 

1 $925        $950    5 $1.125     $1,150 

2 975        1,000     6 1.175        1.200 

3 1,025        1.050     7 1.225        1,250 

4 1.075       1.100 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 
Prim-      Gram-  Prim-      Gram- 

ary.         mar. 
11 $1,505       1.53.0 


ary. 

.$1,275 
1.325 


12 1.675        1.650 


mar. 

$1,300 

1,350 

10 1.385        1.410 

Blind  and  Defective   Speech— Elementary 

Schools. 

($50  above  primary.) 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 


9825 

875 
925 
975 
Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 


5 $1,025 

6 1.075 

7 1.125 


11 81,405 

12 1,525 


8 $1,175 

9...  .    1.225 

10 1,285 

Former  Truants — Elementary  Schools. 

($200  above  primary.) 
Seven  automatic  lower  group  years. 


8     $1.300 

9  .    1.350 
10'. 1.410 


11 .$1.530 

12 1.650 


55975 
1.025 
1.075 
4...  .     1.125 


5 $1,175 

6 1,225 

7 1.275 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


913 


Five  automatic  upper  group  years 


11..:....:.. 81.555 

12 -1.675 


8 $1.326 

9 1,375 

10 1.435 

Open  Air  and  Open  Window,  Prevocational, 
Subnormal,  Epileptic,  Cook  County  Hospital 
Elementary  Schools. 

(8100  above  primary.) 
(Seven  automatic  Icwer  group  years.) 


$1.075 

6 1.125 

7 1,176 


8875 

2 925 

3 975 

4 1.025 

Five  automatic  upper  group  years. 

8 81,225    li 81.455 

9 1.275     12 1.575 

10 1.335 

Evening   Schools. 

1st         2d         3d       4th 
year.    year.    year.    year. 

Elementary  teachers.. 82. 25  82.50  82.75  83.00 
Higrh  school  teachers. .   3.25     3.50     3.75     4.00 

Principals    . 5.pO      6.00      6.50      7.00 

Principals  of  schools  with  an  average  attend- 


ance of  less  than  300  for  the  quarter  shall  not 
advance  beyond  Sti. 

Principals  of  schools  having  less  than  600 
and  more  than  300  shall  not  advance  beyond 
the  third  year  of  the  schedule,  86.50. 

Principals  of  schools  having  an  average  at- 
tendance of  600  or  m'ore  may  advance  to  the 
fourth  year  of  the  schedule.  87. 

Principals  of  schools  having-  an  average  at- 
tendance of  1.000  or  more,  one-half  or  more 
of  which  is  made  up  of  high  school  classes, 
may  advance  to  the  fifth  year  of  the  schedule, 
88.  after  serving  one  year  at  the  fourth  year 
of  the  schedule. 

Substitutes  receive  same  rate  as  regular 
teachers. 

Community  Centers. 

Principals 85.00  per  night 

Teachers 2.50  per  night 

Accompanists  2.50  per  night 

Cadets 1.00  per  night 

Vacation  Schools. 

Principals ...88.00  per  day 

Teachers  4.00  per  day 

Teachers  in  open  air  schools. 825 .00  per  week 


CHICAGO    PUBLIC    SCHOOL    FINANCES. 

Statement   of  receipts   and  expenditures  for   the   school   year  ending   June   30,    1919. 
SCHOOL  TAX   BUILDING  FUND.  j  Tax    levy.    1918 86,560.283.43 


Cash   balance',    June   30,    1918... 82,299,402.98 
Receipts. 

Tax   levy,    1916    388,244.10 

Tax    levy,    1917    .              2,940,569.08 

Tax   levy,    1918    2,350,768.24 

Sale     of     building-s      (condemna- 
tion)        40,754.50 

Rebates    on    special    assessment..  1,143.85 

Miscellaneous    receipts     8,852.66 

Installments— Liberty    loans    301,582.00 

Interest  on   liberty   loans 17,577.20 

Sale  of  buildings  (not  condemna- 
tion)        700.00 

Refund    of    advance    500.00 


Total 8,350,093.91 

Expenditures. 

School    sites    , 913,353.90 

New     buildings 3,225.898.92 

Permanent     improvements     406,364.55 

Special    assessments     76,839.47 

General     repairs     737.475.40 

Rental   of   sites    and   buildings...  70,197.66 

Inspection    division    25.887.16 

Administration     expense     100,376.38 

Liberty    loan    bonds    870,000.00 

Victory    liberty    loan    bonds 65,000.00 

Vacations,  bureau  of  repairs   ...  5.662.56 

Total 6,497,056.00 

Deferred  charges — 
Repair   division    undistributed.. 
Factory    division    in    excess    of 
amount     distributed     

Bureau     of     architecture     undis- 
tributed      

Supply      stock      in      excess      of 
amount     distributed     

Amount    charged    off    from    fac- 
tory division 


11,499.43 

57,506.05 

11,819.33 

1,000.03 

648.99 


Total    6,579,529.83 

Less   discounts   on   purchases —  141.62 

credit     1,417.13 


Total 


6,577,971.08 


Cash   balance,    June   30,    1919...   1,772,122.83 


Total     8,350.093.91 

EDUCATIONAL  FUND. 

Cash  on  hand.  June  30.  1918....     8101.465.05 
Receipts. 

Tax   levy,    1916    ' 

Tax   levy.    1917    6.218.796.99 


Rental    of    school    property    9,180.38 

Rental    of    assembly    halls 5,717.01 

Sale     of     textbooks     10,581.54 


3.370.67 
16.683.00 

23.469.25 
200.00 
430.87 
From    temporary    loans    11,751.600.00 


Miscellaneous   sales,    etc. 
Evening-    school    registration   fees 
Tuition        fees— Summer        high 

schools    

Tuition   fees — Normal   college    . . . 
Miscellaneous  accounts  receivable 


Total 


.25,451,196.67 


Expeitdituret. 


Business  administration — 

a.  Salaries  and  wages 279,496.68 

76,818.83 
19,088.50 


;'.    Office    supplies 

z.   Contingent    and   miscellaneous 


Total     375,404.01 


Educational   administration — 
a.   Salaries  and  wages-:    Teachers 
Civil    service    employes    


;'.    Office    supplies. 

z.   Contingent    and    miscellaneous 


163,868.25 

147.714.01 

29,870.68 

48,077.90 


Total 389,530.84 

Normal  college:  Instruction— 
a.    Salaries    and    wages:     Teach- 
ers,    regular     day 125,746.20 

Teachers,   summer   session   ...  9,463.72 

Civil   service  employes   1,615.00 


;'.    Educational    supplies 


2,783.89 


Total 


139.608.81 


Secondary  day  schools:    Instruction  — 
a.    Salaries     and     wages:    Teach- 

ers,   regular   day   .  ..........  2,773,091  18 

Teachers,    special    activities..  5.350.96 

Civil    service    employes    ......  2,063.63 

/.    Educational    supplies    ........       101.388.61 

k.   Textbooks    and    maps    ........  3,790.48 

o.   Educational    equipment    ----  62.522.80 

Total     .........................  ..   2.948.207.66 

Elementary  day  schools:    Instruction  — 
a.   Salaries    and    wages:     Teach- 

era     ..........................   9.915.509.85 

Civil    service    employes    ......  2,709.00 

c.    Communication   and   transpor- 

tation    .......................  1,228.81 

;'.    Educational     supplies    ........       219,372.34 

k.    T^Tt  books,    mans,    etc  ........         23,403.26 

740  41  8  48  i°'    Etlucational    equipment    ......         13.500.89 

Total  .  .  .10,175,724.15 


914 


ALMANAC   AND   TEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Evening1  schools:    Instruction— 
a.   Salaries    and    wages:     Teach- 
ers       $190.659.39 

Civil   service    employes    1,905.16 

;      Educational    supplies     13.680.76 

k.   Books,    maps   and   globes 100.07 

z.   Contingent    and   miscellaneous  1.993.98 


Total 208,339.36 

Parental  schools:    Instruction— 
a.   Salaries    and    wages:     Teach- 
ers   41.893.53 

Civil   service  employes   8,716.31 

/.    Educational    supplies    26,192.33 

k.    Textbooks      ...     94.17 

o.    Educational    equipment    

Total     !  77,349.85 

Chicago  and  Cook  county  school:  Instruction — 
a.   Salaries    and    wages:     Teach- 
ers       19,352.44 

Civil     service     employes 6,511.18 

/.    Educational    supplies    699.84 

Total     *  26.463.46 

Chicago  normal  college:    Operation— 
a.   Salaries  and  wages:  Engineer- 
custodians     12,960.24 

p.   Gas    and    electricity    807.25 

/.    Fuel     6,017.88 

TO.  School   plant    supplies    330.45 


Total 


Secondary  day  schools:    Operation— 
a.    Salaries  and  wages:  Engineer- 
custodians     

g.   Gas    and   electricity    

f.   Fuel     

m.  School    plant    supplies    


20,115.82 


244.863.30 
32,950.55 

138,867.93 
10.261.67 


Total     426,943.46 

Elementary  day  schools:    Operation— 
a.   Salaries  and  wages:  Engineer- 
custodians     1.191.481.30 

c.    Hauling  ashes 17,575.94 

?.    Gas    and    electricity    58,796.65 
.    Fuel     675.992.83 

m.  School   plant  supplies   50.517.23 


Total    1.994,363.95 

Evening  schools:    Operation— 
a.   Salaries  and  wages:  Engineer- 
custodians     23,557.70 

f.    Gas    and    electricity 7.035.00 

Fuel    16.964.50 

Total 47,557.20 

Parental  schools:    Operation— 
a.    Salaries  and  wages:  Engineer- 
custodians,    etc 18,893.09 

I.   Fuel     11,682.13 

m.  School    plant    and    farm    sup- 
plies   9.548.81 

Total    40.124.03 

Chicago  and  Cook  county  school:    Operation— 
a.    Salaries  and  wages:  Engineer- 
custodians     8,360.36 

Contingent  fund:    Operation- 
is.    Engineer-custodians,    overtime, 

extra    cleaning,    etc 34,363.61 

Community  centers— 
a.   Salaries     and    wages:    Teach- 
ers       26.721.70 

Engineer-custodians     9,667.25 

?Gas    and    electricity    879.00 

.    Educational    supplies    986.;Vi 

1.   Fuel     : 4.155.00 

Total    42.409.51 

Secondary  vacation  schools— 
a.   Salaries    and    wages:     Teach- 
ers       43.817.56 

Engineer-custodians     1,448.85 

/.    Educational    supplies    . 971.68 

Total    '.  46,238.09 


Elementary   vacation   schools — 

a.   Salaries    and    wages:     Teach- 
ers      $21,770.3-8 

Bathroom    attendants    1,187.66 

Engineer-custodians     3,458.77 

c.   Excursions     283.06 

;.     Educational   supplies    1,157.09 

Total     '. 27.866.86 

Bathrooms — 

a.  Salaries   and   wages:    Attend- 

pnts    68.694.62 

h.  Towels     14,077.00 

;.    Educational    supplies    2,320.34 


76.091.961 


72,318.71 


Total     

Transportation  of  pupils— 

c.   Bus  hire   and  carfare   

Penny  lunches — 

a.  Salaries  and  wages:  Engineer- 
custodians,    6    months 1,633.00 

&.  Compensations,     attendants...         21,303.80 
o.    Educational   equipment    1,173.25 


Total     

School  libraries— 
a.   Salaries    and    wages:     Assist- 
ant    librarian     

Cataloguer     

k.   Supplementary  books    

Total    

School  gardens — 
a.   Salaries      and      wages: 
structors     

;.    Educational    supplies    ... 


In- 


24,110.05 


1,640.00 
1.127.16 
7,694.69 

10.461.86 


2.497.92 

2:800.16 


Total     6.298.08 

Miscellaneous— Pensions :  Teachers        79.233.31 
Employes    6.662.66 


Total    85.895.86 

Interest   on   temporary  loans —  151.482.66 
Total  for  educational  purposes.  17.453,620.09 
Less    amount    charged    to    school 

fund   2,319.101.45 

Lesa  excess  credits— Supply  stock  70,918.61 

Accounts  payable  13,582.55 

Storage   fuel    13,601.16 

Transfers  to  building-  fund 91,583.76 

Discount  on  purchases 394.87 

2.609.182.40 
Total   14,944,437.69 


Contested  salaries 

Printing1  plant    

War   savings   stamps 

Advances      to      principals 
teachers 


and 


54,662.38 
20,598.25 
3.858.03 

2.425.09 

Temporary  loans  paid 10.351,600.00 

Cash  balance.  June  30.  1919 73.615.23 

Grand    total 25.451,196.67 

SCHOOL   FUND    INCOME. 

Cash  balance.  June  30.  1918 332,219.74 

Receipts. 

Rental  of  school  fund  property. ..  684.836.15 

Tuition  of  nonresidents 6.408.44 

Interest  on  investments. 57,435.09 

Interest  on  deposits 19,718.11 

State   per   capita,    tax 1.466.944.19 

Staite  appropriation  for  deaf  and 

blind    33,734.92 

State  appropriation  for  delinquent  90,250.00 
State  appropriation  for  vocational 

training-    6,666.96 

Miscellaneous  receipts . 68.75 

Total 2.355.052.61 

Transferred  from  school  tax  edu- 
cational fund   10.722.000.00 

Total    „„« 13.109,272.35 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


915 


Expenditures. 

Salaries  of  supts.  and  teachers—    _,„--_„_ 
Educational  administration   ....     $163.868.25 

Normal  college  

Secondary  day  schools  

Elementary  day   schools 

Parental 

Chicago  and  Cook  county  school 

for  boys  

School  libraries 1,64:0.00 

Total  13,041,101.45 

902.05 
31.058.64 
56,210.21 


School    fund   expense .-•:••• 

Teachers'  salaries  (war  training) 
Cash  balance.  June  30,   1919... 


32,000.00 


Total  13.109.272.35 

SCHOOL  FUND  PRINCIPAL  ACCOUNT. 
Cash  on  hand  June  30,   1918....  $61.19 

Receipts. 
Bonds    matured 

Total   

Expenditures. 
U.  S.  fourth  liberty  loan. 
U.  S.  victory  loan  bonds. 
Total   


32,061.19 


$644.45 
1,285.35 


Cash  on  hand  June  30,  1919 

Total   32,061.19 

SPECIAL   FUNDS   INCOME  ACCOUNT. 

Cash  on  hand  June  30,  1918 $2,999.99 

Receipts  from  interest 1.717.02 

Total    4,717.01 

Exoenditures    1,109.68 

CaTh  on  hand  June  30.  1919 3.607.33 

Total    4.717.01 

JONATHAN  BURR  FUND. 

Cash  on  hand  June  30.  1918 

Receipts    from   interest 

Total    

Expenditures  for  books  and  sup- 
plies     

Cash  on  hand  June  30.  1919 

Total    1.92980 

EXPENDITURES    FOR    ELEMENTARY    DAY 
SCHOOLS  BY  FUNCTIONS. 

0.  Principal's   Office — T  e  a  c  hers' 

salaries    $952,123.12 

1.  General    S  t  u  d  i  e  s— Teachers' 

salaries    7,476.716.67 

Educational    supplies 73.859.41 

Educational     equipment 1,250.00 


4.  Household     Arts  —  Teachers' 

salaries    

Educational  supplies    

Educational   equipment 

Total    

5.  Physical    Education — T  e  a  c  h- 

ers'    salaries. 


$272,623.37 

35,025.86 

5,902.27 

313.551.50 

100.850.55 
3.925.87 
442.11 


1,929.80 


1.279.60 
650.20 


Total    7,551,826.08 

2.  Kindergartens  —  T  e  a  c  h  e  rs' 

salaries    502.895.64 

Educational     supplies 8.629.5-0 

Total    

3.  Manual   T  r  a  i  ning — Teachers' 

salaries    

Educational     supplies 

Educational    equipment 

Total    .  


Educational   supplies 

Educational   equipment 

Total    '.  105,2118.53 

8.  Blind— Teachers'  salaries 7,880.88 

Educational     supplies ._  501.08 

Total 8.381.96 

9.  Deaf— Teachers'    salaries..;...  62;657.58 
Educational  supplies 630.09 

Total 63,287.67 

10.  Fund   text   books 22,922.68 

12.  Maps,    globes    and    reference 

booka    437.01 

13.  Anaemic— Teachers'    salaries.  40,559.00 
Educational    supplies 230.35 

Total    '.  40.789.35 

14.  Subnormal— Teachers'  salaries  100.545.49 
Educational   supplies 4,615.50 

Total   '.  105,160.99 

15.  Truants— Teachers'    salaries..  25.851.35 
Educational    supplies 1.100.95 


Total    

16.  Epileptics— Teachers'   salaries 
Educational   supplies 

Total    T 

18.  Modern  Languages— Teachers' 

salaries    

21.  Detention     Home  —  Teachers' 

salaries    

Educational     supplies 

Educational   equipment ._ 

Total   7 

23.  Crippled     Children— Teachers' 

salaries     

Educational     supplies 

Educational    equipment 


26,952.30 

4,448.37 

49.91 

4,498.28 
175.00 

11.665.71 

133.63 

66.87 


Educational    equipment . . . 
Books,  maps  and  globes. 


11.866.21 

31,468.27 

5.279.30 

269.56 

43.57 


511,525.14 

272,933.59 

42.165.22  i 
5.536.08  j 

320,634.89  ! 


Total 

24.  Construction — Educat  i  o  n  a  1 
supplies     

25.  Correct       Speech  —  Teachers' 
salaries 

26.  Art— Teachers'    salaries 

Postage,    etc 

Educational  supplies ._ 

Total   7 

27.  Music — Teachers'     salaries  — 

Civil  service  employes 

Moving   pianos 

Educational  supplies 

Printing,    etc ._ 

Total    7 

Total  for  elementary  schools. 


37.060.70 
18.989.12 

11.427.64 

28,379.34 

100.00 

21,559.87 


50.039.21 
22,308.28 
2.709.00 
1.128.81 
1,114.52 
. 1.596.16 

28,856.77 
.10,175.724.15 


President— Leslie  F.  Gates. 
Vice-Presidents—Hiram    A.    Sager    and    Charles 

H.  Sullivan. 

Secretary — John  R.  Mauff. 
Treasurer — Ernest  A.  Hamill. 
Directors— Terms    expire   in    1920:    Winfield    S. 

Day.  James  J.  Fones.  William  E.  Hudson.  W. 

H.  Colvin.  Herbert  J.  Blum.     Terms  expire  in 


CHICAGO  BOARD   OF   TRADE. 

Jackson  boulevard  and  LaSalle  street. 
Bunnell,     Edward 


1921:       Emanuel    F.    Rosenbaum,    John    A.     o'clock  noon. 


Andrew,     G.     W.     Hales, 

Adolph  Kempner.     Terms  expire  in  1922:     L. 

C.    Brosseau.    J.    J.    Bagley.    J.   W.   McCulloh. 

J.  F.  Lamy.   W.  H.  Lake. 

A  gallery  is  set  apart  for  the  use  of  visit- 
ors, but  admission  is  by  card  only.  The  trad- 
ing hours  are  9:30  a.  m.  to  1:15  p.  m.,  except 
on  Saturday,  when  the  closing  hour  is  12 


916 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


CHICAGO    POSTOFFICE. 


Entrances    on    Adams.    Clark    and    Dearborn 
streets-    telephone   Harrison  4700;    private   ex- 
change,   all   departments. 
Postmaster— William     B.     Carlile;     room    358, 

Secretary^ohn  T.  McGrath.   room  358.  south 
Assistant     Postmaster— John  M .  Hubbard ;  room 

Su3p5erint8e0ndentWof&Mails-Frank  H.  Galbraith ; 

*-    wing. 

Delivery— L.    T.    Steward; 

B.   Bennett    (registry 

Inhbv 

(inquiry 


room   379.    west   wing. 
Ass't    Supt.    of   Mails— J. 


J.  O'Malley    (second 
[.  Brady   (supply  sec- 
( auditor's 

DSb  „_.. -•  w    Bean   (cashier's 

sectionh   Dearborn   street  lobby 
Ass't    Supt.    of    Finance— J.    M.    Hubbard,    Jr. 

(money    order   section),    room   403. 
Secretary    Civil-Service    Board— Peter    Newton, 

Inspecto^0°in    Charge— James   E.    Stuart;   room 

Division,     Railway    Mail 

Service— R.     S.    "Brauer.     room     308.     north 

wing 

CARRIER    STATIONS    AND    SUPERINTEND- 
ENTS. 

Armour— 3017  Indiana-av.;  Henry  Welch.  Jr. 
Anhnrn  Park— David  Herriott.  738  W.  79th-st. 
^ustin-Dugald  Martin.  433-435  N.  Waller-av. 
C— 1205-7-9  W.  Madison  street;  George  Berz. 
Canal— Canal  street,  north  of  Washington  (C. 

&  N    W.  station):  Robert  T.  Howard 
Chicago    Avenue    Station— 210    West    Chicago 

avenue-   William    S.    Snorf. 
Chicago  Lawn— 3510  West  63d  street;  Thomas 

17  Armitage-av.:  Peter  J.  O'Connor. 


Cragin— 4207  Armitage-av.;  .reter  j.  u  u  nnor 
D— 2108-10    West    MaQison    street;    James    H 

Dauphin  6Park— 8948    Cottage    Grove    avenue; 

Jeremiah  F.   Collins. 
Douglas  Park— 1205-07  South  Western  avenue; 

George  N.  Graves. 
Dunning— 6441    West    Irving   Park    boulevard: 

Eastside— 9909  °E^ing-av. ;    Walter    G.    Seborg. 
Edtrewater— 5501-03    Broadway;    John  H.    Har- 

._  W.   51st-st.:  Luman  L.  Shepard 
Englewood— 449    West    63d    street;     Frederick 

FmV-F?^st°_rStreet— 715-721    West    51st    street; 
)    West   Madison    street 


Thomas   R.  Heaney. 
Grand    Crossing—  7427-29    South    Chicago    ave 

nue:    James   J.   McKenna. 
Hawthorne     Station—  3647-49     Ogden    avenue: 

Edward    O'Connell. 
Hegewisch—  13303     Baltimore      avenue:     Mat- 

thew Drinnan. 
Humboldt  Park—  1400-04   North   Western  ave- 

nue; Edward  Kinnare. 
Hyde  Park— 


1304  East  55th  street;  Wilber  E. 


Crunibacker. 
Irvine    Park—  4218    West    Irving    Park   boule 

vard;   John   T.   MoCormick. 
Jackson      Park—  6314-18      Maryland      avenue; 

James   Kelly. 
Jefferson  —  4841      Milwaukee     avenue;     Ernest 

Willmann. 
Lake  View—  1229-33  Belmont  avenue:  William 

J.   Becklenberg. 
Lincoln   Park—  1617-19    Larrabee   street;    Wil- 

liam R.  Rennacker. 


Logan    Square— 2311-2313  Milwaukee  avenue; 
James  Stott. 

M — 4235-37  Cottage  Grove   avenue;   James   N. 
McArthur. 

McKinley       Park— 3450-54       Archer      avenue; 
Frank    Ryan. 

Mont  Clare — 2314-16  Sayre  avenue;  George  F. 
Dupuis. 

Morgan  Park— 1085   West    lllth  street;   Fred- 
erick W.   Dayton. 

North  Halsted— 2454-58  North  Halsted  street: 
Michael  J.  Keigher. 

Norwood   Park— 6040   Avondale  avenue;    Stan- 
ley C.  de  Long. 

Ogden  Park  Station— 1614-16  West  63d  street: 
Patrick  J.  Mahoney. 

Pilsen— 1507-09    West    18th   street:    Joseph   H. 
Richak. 

Pullman— lllth   place   and  Cottage  Grove  ave- 
nue;  Gustbv  A.  Ernst. 

Ravenswood — 1812-14    Wilson    avenue;    Harry 
A.    Garvey. 

Riverdale— 13565  Indiana-av.;   Otto   F.  Grange. 

Rogers    Park — 1774-76   Lunt    avenue:    William 
S.  Hussander. 

South    Chicago— N.    E.    corner    92d    street    and 
Exchange   avenue;    Patrick   T.   O'Sullivan. 

Stockyards— 700-04  Root-st.:  Henry  C.  Smale. 

Twentieth    Street    Station— 1929    Indiana    ave- 
nue: Albert  L.  Anderson. 

Washington   Heights— 1254   West    103d    street ; 

John  J.   Goss. 

Wpst    Pullman— 12005    Halsted    street;    Frank 
M .    Turner. 

Wicker    Park— 1221-25    North   Paulina    street: 
Frank   A.   Kwasigroch. 

STATIONS  WITHOUT  CARRIERS. 
Masonic     Temple— 159     North     State     street; 

Henry  Jaques. 

South    Water— 207    North    LaSalle    street;    Al- 
bert  P.   Treleaven. 
Stock     Exchange— 30     North     LaSalle     street: 

Charles   Bonus. 
Sheridan   Park — Richard   A.   Haussner. 

In  additi9n  to  the  above  there  are  311  num- 
bered stations  served  from  the  carrier  sta- 
tions, each  with  a  clerk  in  charge. 

There  are  4.328  clerks  in  the  general  post- 
office  and  stations  and  2,185  carriers,  includ- 
ing collectors. 

COLLECTIONS    AND   DELIVERIES. 

In  the  downtown  district  there  are  twenty- 
six  Elections  of  mail  matter  between  7  a.  m. 
and  11  p.  m.;  in  the  outlying  districts  there 
are  from  four  to  twelve  collections.  Mail  is 
delivered  six  times  a  day  in  the  business  dis- 
trict and  three  times  in  the  outlying  districts. 

Snecial   delivery   letters   are  delivered  in   the 


central  postoffice  district 


7  a.  m.  and 


11   p.   m.   and   from   stations   within  their  re- 
snective  districts  between  7  a.  m.  and  6  p.  m. 


deMverv  mail  received  in  sn^cial  deliv- 
ery section  which  can  reach  the  point  of  de- 
livery up  to  annroximat.elv  11  p.  m.  daily  will 
be  giv*m  service  throughout  the  city. 

In  the  district  bounded  by  the  Chicago  river 
on  the  north  and  west,  and  on  the  south  by 
Roosevelt  road,  hotels,  cluhs.  n°wsnapers  ana 
theaters  have  three  night  deliveries  between 
6  and  12  p.  m. 

POSTAL  RECEIPTS. 
Year  ended  June  30.    1919. 

Stamps  and  stamped  pnner $32.243.751.32 

Second,    third   and   fourth  class 

postage  and  box  rent 3.417.644.27 

Miscellaneous    receipts 13.071.20 

Total    35.674,466.79 

REGISTERED  MAIL. 

Fiscal  year   1919. 

Official   registration,   fee  prepaid.   4.316. 
Letters  registered  with  fee  prepaid.  2.410.639. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


917 


Parcel  post  and  third  class  registered  with  fee  j 

prepaid.    141.475. 
Registered    letters    received    for    delivery, 

3.418.878. 
Registered  parcel  post  and  third  class  received 

for   delivery.    66.383. 
Exchange    office    articles    received    in    transit. 

308.768. 
Registered    jackets    and    sack    jackets    received 

and    opened.    164,802. 
Registered   jackets   and   sack  jackets   made  up 

and  dispatched.  42.685. 

Through  registered  pouches  and  inner  sacks  re- 
ceived.   155.679. 
Through    registered    pouches    and    inner    sacks 

made   up   and   dispatched,    160,729. 
Official     letters     and     parcels     registered     free, 

309,584. 
Total    number    of    registered    articles   handled, 

7.183,878. 

Letters   registered  by   carrier.   5.057. 
Registered   articles  received  in  transit,   2,382.- 

681. 

Through  registered  pouches  and  inner  sacks  re- 
ceived in   transit.    54.644. 
Grand    total,    9,626,260. 

MAILING   DIVISION. 

Mails  handled  in  the  mailing  division  during 
the   fiscal  year  ended  June   30,    1919. 

Pounds.  Pieces. 

Letters    21,590,000   1,014,727,069 

Specials     159.151  3,978,775 

Nixies    209.449  5.236,239 

Second    class    85.020.400       425,102.000 

Third    class    35.175.800       432,109.600 

Parcel   post    267,916.600       269.226.300 


Total  410,071,400  2,150,379.983 

Increase     37.490454       126,237,723 

Per  cent  increase  in  weight 10.1 

Per  cent  increase  in  pieces 6.2 

Proportion  of  errors  in  handling:  mail.    .00003 
DELIVERY   DIVISION. 

Amount    of    mail    matter    of    all    classes    re- 
ceived for  delivery  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30.  1919. 
Mail  letters,    314.532.731. 
Local  letters,   257,344.962. 
Mail  letters  received  at  stations  134.799.742. 
Local  letters  received  at  stations.  110.290,698. 
Total  number   of  letters.    816.968.133. 
Newspapers,   circulars,   etc..    179.311.251. 
Grand    total    of    all    classes    of    mail    received 

for   delivery,    996.279.384. 

MONEY  ORDER  BUSINESS. 

Fiscal  year  1919. 
Domestic    money     orders    paid     (30.539,927). 

$208,003,833.66. 


International     money     orders     paid     (21.476). 

fco-iO.5bO.71. 
Domestic    money    orders    issued     (2.113,334). 

$19.803,470.33. 
Fees  on  domestic  money  orders  issued,   $143.- 

800.78. 
International    money    orders    issued     (76.219), 

$999.417.06. 
Fees    on    international    money    orders    issued. 

$12,544.00. 
Certificates      of      deposit      issued      (179.828). 

$183.790.443.27. 
Transferred    to    credit     of    postmaster-general. 

$3.700.000. 

Auditor's  circulars,   $12.362.31. 
P.  M.  drafts  on  New  York.   $1,800.000. 
Transferred  from  postal  funds,  $500,000. 
POSTAL  SAVINGS  BANK. 

The  postal  savings  bank  was  opened  at  the 
main  postoffice,  Chicago,  Aug.  1.  1911.  Any 
one  10  years  old  or  over  may  open  an  account. 
No  account  may  be  opened  for  less  than  $1. 
nor  will  fractions  of  a  dollar  be  accepted  for 
deposit.  Depositors  are  now  allowed  to  de- 
posit a  total  of  $2.500,  any  part  or  all  of 
which  may  be  deposited  in  any  month. 

Deposits  are  evidenced  by  postal  savings  cer- 
tificates issued  in  denominations  of  $1.  $2,  $5, 
$10,  $20,  $50.  $100.  $200  and  $500. 

Depositors  of  the  postal  sayings  system  by 
applying  therefor  thirty  days  in  advance  may 
exchange  the  whole  or  a  part  of  their  deposits 
on  Jan.  1  or  Jtfly  1  of  each  year  for  United 
States  registered  or  coupon  bonds  in  denomina- 
tions of  $:ZO.  $100  and  $500.  bearing  interest  at 
the  rate  of  2%  per  cent  per  annum,  payable 
semiannually  and  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of 
the  United  States  after  one  year  from  the  date 
of  issue,  both  principal  and  interest  payable 
twenty  years  from  that  date  in  United  States 
gold  coin. 

Postal  savings  banks  have  also  been  estab- 
lished at  the  following  postal  stations:  Ar- 
mour. Auburn  Park,  Austin.  C.  Canal.  Chicago 
Avenue.  Chicago  Lawn.  Cragin,  D.  Dauphin 
Park,  Douglas  Park.  Eastside.  Edgewater,  Els- 
don.  Englewood.  51st  Street.  Garfield  Park. 
Grand  Crossing.  Hawthorne,  Hegewisch.  Hum- 
boldt  Park.  Hyde  Park,  Irving  Park,  Jackson 
Park,  Jefferson.  Lake  View,  Lincoln  Park. 
Logan  Sauare.  M,  McKinley  Park,  Morgan  Park, 
North  Halsted,  Norwood  Park.  Ogden  Park. 
Pilsen.  Pullmr  n.  R;>venswood,  Riverdale.  Rog- 
ers Park.  Sheridan  Park,  South  Chicago,  Stock- 
yards. 20th  Street.  Washington  Heights.  West 
Pullman.  Wicker  Park  and  at  stations  No.  10 
(Hull  House)  and  No.  195  (Boston  Store) 

The  Chicago  office  ranks  third  in  the  United 
States  with  total  deposits  June  30,  1919  of 
$7,743.441  and  22,748  depositors. 


SUPERINTENDENTS    OF 

Names  and  dates  of  appointments: 
W.  W.  Kennedy,  April,  1871. 
Elmer  Washburn,  April,  1872. 
Jacob   Rehm,    December,    1873. 
Michael  C.  Hickey,  Oct.  7.  1875. 
Valerius  A.  Seavey,  July  30.  1878. 
Simon  O'Donnell.  Dec.   15.  1879. 
William  J.  McGarigle,  Dec.  13.  1880. 
Austin  J.  Doyle,  Nov.  13,  1882. 
Frederick  Ebersold,  Oct.  26,  1885. 
George  W.  Hubbard,  April  17,  1888. 
Frederick   H.  Marsh,   Jan.    1,    1890. 
Robert  W.  McClaughry,  May  18.  1891. 
Michael  Brennan,  Sept.  11,  1893. 
John  J.  Badenoch.  April  11,   1895. 
Joseph  Kipley.  April  16,  1897.  and  April.  1899. 
Francis  O'Neill,  April  30.   1901.   and  June  26, 

1903. 

John  M.  Collins,  July  26.  1905. 
George  M.  Shippy.  April  15,  1907. 
LeRoy  T.  Steward.  Aug.  4.  1909. 
John   McWeeny,   May   1,   1911. 
James  Gleason,  Nov.  3,  1913. 


POLICE   OF    CHICAGO. 

Charles  C.  Healey.  April  26.  1915. 
Herman  F.  Schuettler.  Jan.  11.   1917. 
John  J.  Garrity,   Nov.   25,   1918. 

The   first  heads   of   the  Chicago   police  force 
were  known  as  head  constables.     John  Shridley 
served  from  1837  to  1839  and  Samuel  J.  Lowe 
from     1839     to     1842.       Then     the     title     was 
changed  to  city   marshal,    those  serving  under 
that   name   being: 
Orson  Smith,   1842-1844. 
Philip  Dean,  1844-1848. 
Ambrose  Burnham.  1848-1852. 
James  L.  Howe.  1852-1854 
Darius  Knight.   1854-1856. 
Cyrus  P.  Bradley,   1856-1858. 
J.  M.  Donnelly.  1859. 
Jacob  Rehm.   1859. 
Iver  Lawson,  1860. 

In  1861  the  position  was  given  the  official 
title  of  superintendent  of  police.  Cyrus  P.  Brad- 
ley served  from  1861  to  1863;  William  Tuit.'e 
from  3864  to  1866  and  Jacob  Rehm  from  1866 
to  1871. 


918 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


LATE    CENSUSES    . 
Jan.    1,    1920    (estimate 
July    1,    1919    (estimate 
Government    estimate     ( 
Federal    census     (1910) 
School  board  estimate    ( 
Citv    directory     (1917). 
•Estimated  by  city  st£ 

POPULATION     BY 
1  <*4ft                         4  479 

POPULATION 

iND    ESTIMATES. 
)*                      2672,922 

OF  CHICAGO. 

Year.          South.          We 
1884         149,564  <    351.J 
1886         172,379       392,  < 
1888         194,164       454,' 
1890        413,922       555.J 
1892         515.736       645,' 
1894         562,980       696. 
1896        585,298       734,5 
1898         680,527       844, 
1900         725,691       938, 
1904         652,093       764, 
1908         724,018       872. 
1910         813.406   1,003. 
1914         886,818   1,133. 
1916f       906,615   1.158. 
1920     1,081,139   1,337, 
•Exclusive    of    16,22 
mated   by   municipal  re 

FOREIGN    NATIO1 
[From  federal 

The  following:   table 
sons   in  Chicago   in   19 
parentage   classified  by 
•Per 
Country.  Total,    cent. 
Austria    227,958    13.5 
Belgium       3,931       0.2 
Canada, 
French  12.873      0.8 
Canada, 
other     53,580       3.2 
Denmark   20,772       1.2 
England     63,054       3.7 
Finland      15,069      0.1 
Prance          7.138       0.4 
Germany501,832    29.6 
Greece          7.454       0.4 
Holland      20.456       1.2 
Hungary    37,990       2.2 
Ireland     204.821    12.1 
Italy            74,943       4.4 
*Of    white    populatio 
parentage.        t  Native 
were  born  in  different  1 
than  one-tenth  of  1  pe 

Nativity  an 

Fo 
Country.                      b( 
Austria     132, 

st.      North.          Total. 
)31   128,490       629,986 
)05   138,533       703,817 
267   154,220       802,951 
)83   238,764   1,208.669 
128   279,846   1,438,010 
335   307,212   1,567,727 
>45  286.870*1.600.413 
244  326,817   1,851.588 
883  343.121   2.007.695 
321   297.430   1,714.144 
056   327.986   1,924.060 
261   372.853   2.189.520 
197  417.511   2.437.526 
497  426.827   2.491.939 
380  481.481   2,900.000 
2    unclassified.       tEsti- 
ference   librarian. 

^ALITIES     (1910) 
census  report.] 

includes   all   white  per- 
LO   of    foreign   birth   or 
nationalities: 
•Per 
Country.  Total,    cent. 
Norway      47.235       2.8 
Roumania  4,322       0.3 
Russia     184,757    10.9 
Scotland    22.840       1.3 
Sweden    116,740       6.9 
Switzer- 
land         7,192      0.4 
Turkey 
(Asia)      1.486       0.1 
Turkey 
(Europe)    758          $ 
Wales           4,686      0.3 
All  othert65,531       3.9 

,)»        2,647,353 

1918)           .     2  596.681 

....2.185,283 

1916)  2,550.000 

.....2,652,000 

itistician. 
CENSUS     YEARS. 
1880...               503,298 

IS^O                       28~269 

1890  1,099.850 

i860".::::::  109:206 

1900  1,698.575 
1910  2,185,283 

'ncrease. 

Period.             Ratio. 
1880  to  1890....  118.6 
1890  to  1900  54.4 
19,00  to  1910....   28.7 

100!  census  for  May  4, 
1  ratio   of   increase   for 
910    to    1914    close    to 
r  the  decade  from  1900 

BY    WARDS. 

thirty-five      wards     of 
as  estimated  by  Fred- 
icipal   reference   library 
is    based    on    a    report 
commission    made    in 
are    larger    than    those 
sn    above. 

division. 

Ward.          Population. 
8    ..                       94,195 

1870  298,977! 

Rate  of 

Period.             Ratio. 
1840  to  1850....  570.3 
1850  to  1860  264.6 
1860  to  1870..  ..173.  6 
1870  to  1880  68.3 
The  figures  of  the  scl 
1914,    showed  a  norma 
the   four  years   from    1 
the  28  per  cent  ratio  fo 
to  1910. 
•               POPULATION 

Population     of     the 
Chicago  in  July,    1920; 
erick   Rex   of    the   mun 
in    1919.      The    table 
of    the    Chicago    waste 
1914    and    the    figures 
in   other   estimates   giv 

South    1 

Ward.           Population. 
1                             57,930 

66,285 

9    104,518 

3                              78.661 

29...                .    104,787 

Total     1,693,918  100.0 
n    of    foreign    birth    or 
whites     whose     parents 
oreign  countries.    JLess 
r  cent. 

i  Parentage. 

,  Native.  \ 
reign  'Parents  |1  parent 
>rn.        foreign,     foreign. 
059        85.208        10,691 
365              904              362 
633          4,507           3.733 
313           7.202        20.065 
484          7,020          2.268 
890        14,860        20,304 
191              339                39 
030          1,845          2.263 
281      244,185        75,366 
564              697              193 
632           8.070           2,754 
938           8.286              766 
963        99,346        39.512 
169        27,737           2.037 
186        18,156          4.893 
344              931                47 
786        58.417          4.554 
303           6.279           6.258 
035        46.321           7.384 
493          2,033           1,666 
175              284                27 
711                 36                 11 
818           1.467           1.401 
554      $60,889           1,088 

4                              56  280 

30     72513 

5                              89  662 

31  80.265 

6                              87.944 

Total  1  081  139 

7                             79  791 

West  L 
Ward.           Population. 
10                           64  958 

ivision. 

Ward.          Population. 
19                            71  795 

11                            69  606 

20        55647 

12                         102  878 

27                         121  906 

13  79,678 
14                            70  483 

28...                       71,830 
33                         134  654 

15  79,975 
16                            71  745 

34  91.269 
35  105  100 

Belgium     2, 
Canada,  French  ...      4, 
Canada,  other  26, 
Denmark     11, 

17  73.603 

18  72,863 

North    i 
Ward.          Population. 
21  60851 

Division. 

Ward.          Population. 
25  95  889 

England     27, 
Finland     1, 

France     3 

Germany    182 

22  66,855 

26  109.456 

Holland                           9 

23  77044 

Total  481  481 

24                          71  386 

POPULATION   BY    DIVISIONS. 
[School    census    reports.] 
Year.          South.          West.       North.          Total. 
1853           26,592          14.679      17.859         50.130 
1856           30,339         28,250      25.524         84.113 
1862           45.470         57,193      35,525       138.186 
1864           56,955         73.475      38.923       169  353 
1866           58,755         90.739      50.924       200  418 
1868           71,073       118.435      62,546       252.054 
1870           87.461       149.780      70,354       306.605 
1872           88.946       214.344      64,556       367.391 
1874            96.771       220.874      77.763       305.408 
1876         104.768       222.545      80  348       407  061 
1878         111.116       237,606      88.009       436731 
1880         122.032       269.971      90.513       4P1..M6 
1882         135,648       312,687   112.258       560  693 

Italy     45. 

Norway      .  .                 °4 

Roumania   3, 

Russia                         1°1 

Scotland     10 

Sweden                          63 

Switzerland             .       3 

Turkey    (Asia)     ...      1 
Turkey      (Europe) 
Wales     1. 

All    other    3, 

Total          ....  781 

217      705.019      207.682 
in    same    foreign    coun- 
ign  born,  the  other  na- 
orn  in  different   foreign 

*Both    parents   born 
try.      fOne  parent  fore 
tive  born.      JParents  t 
countries. 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


919 


COLOR    AND    NATIVITY. 

White    2,139,057 

Negro  44,103 

Black     25,760 

Mulatto     18,343 

Indian     108 

Chinese     1,778 

Japanese    N     233 

All    other    4 

Native    white — 
Native  parentage    ...445,139 
Foreign  or  mixed  par.  912, 701 
Foreign   born   white. .  .781,217 


SEX. 
Total— Male    1,125,764 

Female    1,059.519 

White— Male   1,101,110 

Female   1,037,947 

Negro— Male    22,685 

Female    21,418 

MALES   OF   VOTING   AGE. 

Total   number    700,590 

Native  white— Nat.  par.125,703 
Native  white— For.  par.175.397 

Foreig-n  born  white 379,850 

Negro    17,845 

Chinese,    etc 1,795 


CITIZENSHIP. 
Foreign   Born    White. 

Naturalized    ,.' 190,693 

First  papers   31,586 

Alien     124,553 

Unknown    33,019 

ILLITERACY. 

Illiterate    Males    of    Voting 

Age. 

Total   number   35,636 

Per   cent 5.1 

Native  white  717 

Foreign    born    white...   34,145 
Negro    546 


CHICAGO    SCHOOL    CENSUS  OF  MARCH   27,    1916. 

Taken  under   the  supervision  of  William  L.  Bodine  for  the   board  of  education. 
TOTAL   POPULATION. 


Taking  the  minor  population  conservative  multi- 
ple,   which    proved    to    be    the    only   one    success- 
fully close   to   the   actual   federal   enumeration   of 
the  total  population  in  1910,  Mr.  Bodine  estimated 
the    total    population    of   all    ages    in    Chicago    in 
1916   at   2,550,000.     This   would   be   an   increase   of 
112.474    as    compared    with    the    school   census    of 
1914,   which  covered  all   ages  and   showed  a   total 
population   of  2,437,526.     Mr.    Bodine   pointed   out 
that    the    ratio    of    increase    in    both    the    minor 
and    total    population    had    been    appreciably    re- 
tarded in  the  two  years  by  the  decrease  in  immi- 
gration   from    Europe,    by    the    return    of  /many 
foreign    born    parents    to    take   part    in   the    war, 
by   the    trend    of   many    families    to    the    suburbs 
close    to    Chicago    but    outside    the    city    limits 
where  they  could  not  be  included  in   the   census, 
and    by    the    growth    of    apartment    houses    with 
limited  space. 
MINOR  POPULATION  SINCE  1906. 
1906                   .           706550     1912        •  882  Rlfi 

7,    8,    9,    29,    30,    31,    32. 
wards  10,  11,  12.   13,   14, 
28,    33,    34,    35.      The    noi 
21,    22,    23,    24,    25,    26. 
MINOR   POPUL^ 
Under   4 
Fe-1            . 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total, 
1....  1,246      1,035      2,281 
2....  1,562      1,243      2,805 
3  2,277      1,941      4,218 
4....  3,614      3,692      7,306 
b  3,878     3,679      7,557 
6....  2,299     1,976      4,275. 
7....  2,514      2,305      4,819 
8....  4,077      3,660      7,737 
9....  4,243      3,668      7,911 
10....  3,455      3,373      6,828 
11  4,341      4,159      8.500 
12  4,080      3,662      7,742 
13....  2,293      2,146      4,439 
14          3  143      2  984      6  197 

The    west    side   includes 
15,    16,    17,    18,    19,    20,   27, 
•th    side   includes    wards 

TION   BY    AGE. 
Years- 

Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 

19....  3,872      3,583      7,455 
20....  3,261      3,099      6,360 
21....  1,450      1,379      2,829 
22....  3,443      3,139      6,582 
23....  2,610      2,121      4,731 
M....  2,990      2,629      5,619 
25....  2,828      2,577      5,405 
26....  3,363      3,117      6,480 
27....  5,430      5,059    10,489 
28....  3,257      2,894      6,151 
29  6,001      5,504    11,505 
30....  3,139      2,824      5,963 
31....  2,572      2,484      5,056 
32....  3,649      3,426      7,075 
33....  3,818      3,342      7,160 
34....  4,049      3,693      7,742 
35....  3,543      3,062      6,605 

1908                    ..     .    747,347 

1914  954,413 

1910  814.115 
AGE    AND    SEX   CL; 
Age.                               Ma 

1916  996,059 
OSSIFICATION,   1916. 
le.         Female.         Total. 
)62            107,049            224,111 
153              55,763            112,916 
)60              31,960              64,020 
L79            152,368            304,547 
«8              48,711              96,949 
504            103,712            193,516 

15....  3,965     3,605      7,570 
16....  4,343      4,128      8,471 
17....  4,616      4,320      8,936 
18....  1,841      1,541      3,382 

Over  4  arid  U 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
1....      636         593      1,229 
2....      857         846      1,703 
3....      933         981      1,914 
4....  1,766      1,793      3,559 
5....  1,776      1,686      3,462 
6....  1,077      1,004      2,081 
7....  1,238      1,171      2,409 
8....  1,785      1,787      3,572 
9....  2,071      2,034      4,105 
10  531      1,487      3,018 
11....     ,911      1,876      3,787 
12....  1,684      1,696      3,380 
13....  1,225      1,256      2,481 
14....  1,797      1,660      3,457 
15  837      1,788      3,625 
16....  1,640      1,623      3,263 
17....  1,832      1,774      3,606 
18....      858         798      1,656 

Over  6  and  V 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.  Total. 
1....      372         371         743 
2  570         558      1,128 
3....      694         761      1,455 
4....  1,068      1,086      2,154 
5....      909         833      1,742 
6.,..      642         695      1,337 
7....      654         662      1,316 
8....      913         879      1,792 
9....  1,133      1,114      2,247 
10            818         85'      1  670 

T'l.  117,062  107,049  224,111 
nder  6   Years. 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
19....  1,816      1,760      3,576 
20....  1,753      1,767      3,520 
21....      819         811      1,630 
22....  1,650      1,625      3,275 
23....  1,309      1,156      2,465 
24....  1,542      1,620      3,162 
25....  1,410      1,412      2,822 
26....  1,979     1,917      3,896 
27....  2,788      2,522      5,310 
28....  2,057      1,950      4,007 
29....  2,770      2,833      5,603 
30....  1,393      1,443      2,836 
31....  1,505      1,489      2,994 
32          2  1°4      2  035      4  159 

Over  4  and  under  6...  57, 
Over  6  and  under  7...  32, 
Over  7  and  under  14..  152, 
Over  14  and  under  16.  48, 
Over  16  and  under  21.  89, 

Total     496. 

196           499,563           996,059 
ION   BY  WARDS. 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
19....  14,466    14,938    29,404 
20....  12,315    13,359    25,674 
21....  6,355      6,487    12,842 
22....  12,  721    12,849    25,570 
23....  11,723    11,591    23,314 
24....  14,  281    14,144    28,425 
25....  14,  145    14,763    28,908 
26....  16,561    16,450    33,011 
27.  ...24,163    23,265    47,428 
28....  17,050    16,940    33,990 
29....  22,605    22,925    45,530 
30....  14.  076    14.044    28,120 
31....  13,  282    13,544    26,826 
32....  18,424    18,614    37,038 
33....  18.294    17,707    36,001 
34....  18.920    19,052    37,972 
35....  16.  003    15.833    31,836 
T'l.  496,496  4'99.563  996^059 
3N  BY  DIVISIONS. 
Female.            Totnl. 
?              174.017              347,270 
J             249.2P.2              496,719 
5               76,284              152,070 

MINOR  POPULAT 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
1....  4,983      4,753      9,736 
2....  7,099      6.887    13,986 
3....  8,629      8,973    17,602 
4....  15,  272    15,845    31,117 
5....  15,398    15,242    30,640 
6....  10,034    10,342    20,376 
7....  11,646    11,764    23,410 
8....  15,605    15,268    30,873 
9....  16,200    15,816    32.016 
10....  14,704    14,959    29,663 
11....  15,386    15,974    31,360 
12....  15.249    15,136    30,385 
13....  11,133    11,775    22,908 
14....  12,837    12,982    25,819 
15....  16,951    16,862    33,813 
16....  16,579    16,824    33,403 
17....  15,614    15,822    31,436 
18....  7,793     7,834    15,627 

MINOR  POPULATI 
Side.                           Male 
South    173  25 

33....  2,120      1,945      4,065 
34....  1.936      1,912      3,848 
35....  1,728      1,713      3,441 

T'l.    57,153    55,763  112,916 
nder  7   Years. 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Totnl. 
12....      993         963      1,956 
13....      737         834      1,571 
14....  1,092      1,081      2,173 
15....      915         930      1,845 
16....      907         894      1,801 
17....'     849         872      1.721 
18....      516         524      1,040 
19....  1,178     1,167      2,345 
20....  1,224      1,176      2,400 
21....      515         503      1,018 
22....      945         994      1,939 

West                              247  45 

North  »   .                        75  7g 

Total   ..                ...496.496             499,563             996,059 

11  ."  1.025      1,019      2J044 

920 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
23.           696         732      1,428 
24.           942         943      1,885 
25.            837         799      1,636 
26.        1,041      1,093      2,134 
27.        1,325      1,283      2,608 
28.     .  1,275     1,144      2,419 
29.     .  1,445     1,476      2,921 

Over  7  and  U' 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
1....  1,499      1,561      3,060 
2....  2,370     2,440      4,810 
3  2,227      2,440      4,667 
4....  4,508     4,377      8,885 
5....  4,544     4,326      8,870. 
6....  2,951      3,181      6,132 
7....  3,842     3,907      7,749 
8  4,934     4,871      9,805 
9....  5,024     4,944      9,968 
10....  4,830     4,833      9,663 
11....  4,479     4,484      8,963 
12....  4,582     4,652      9,234 
13....  3,609     3.716      7.325 
14....  3,855      3,820      7,675 
15....  5,348      5,331    10,679 
16....  4.991     4,990      9,981 
17....  4,557     4,542      9,099 
18....  2,545      2,648      5,193 

Over  14  and  U 

Ward.  Male,  mlle.Total. 
.1...       379         408         787 
2....      529         561      1,090 
3  616         651      1,267 
4...    1,851      1,857      3,708 
5...    1,520      1,453      2,973 
6...       888         945      1.833 
7...    1,048      1,149      2,197 
8...    1,542      1,482      3,024 
9...    1,526      1,536      3,062 
10...    1,508      1,448      2,956 
11...    1,404      1,447      2,851 
12...    1,338      1,451      2,839 
13...    1,033      1,063      2,096 
14...    1,173      1,260      2,433 
15...    1,595      1,563      3,158 
16...    1,352      1,350      2,702 
17...    1,616      1,612      3,228 
18...       698        651      1,349 
Over  16  and  U 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
1...       851         785      1,636 
2...    1,211      1,239      2,450 
3....  1,882      2,199      4,081 
4...    2,465      3,040      5,505 
5..      2,771      3,265      6,036 
6....  2,177      2,541      4,718 
7...    2,350      2,570      4,920 
8....  2,354      2,589      4,943 
9...    2,203      2,520      4,723 
10...    2,562      2,966      5,528 
11...    2,226      2,989      5,215 
12...    2,522      2,712      5,234 
13...    2,236      2,760      4,996 
14...    1,777      2,177      3,954 
15...    3,291      3,645      6,936 
16...    3,346      3,839      7,185 
17...    2,144      2,702      4,846 
18...    1,335      1,672      3,007 

SCHOOL  AT 
By   children   of  compulsc 
7  and  uncle 
Ward.                           Publi 
1  25 

Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
30...        744         754      1,498 
31;..        892         862      1,754 
32...    1,134     1,138      2,272 
33...    1,178      1,119      2,297 
34...        972         964      1,936 
35...       910         885      1,795 

Ward.                          Public.    Private.    (*)    Total. 
5  5  295         3  508         67         8  870 

6  4,807         1,311         14         6*132 

7.                                        5  884         1  838         27         7  749 

8  5,859         3,883         63         9',805 

10  8284         1346         33         9*663 

11  4,472         4,470         21         8*963 

T'l.  32,060    31,960    64,020 
ider  14  years. 

Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 

19....  4,049      4,021      S.UVO 
20  3,454      4,009      7,463 
21  1,942      1,969      3,911 
22....  3,837     3,762      7,599 
23..'..  3,246      3,374      6,620 
24  4,284      4,177      8,461 
25....  3,788      3,878      7,666 
26....  5,119      4,934    10,053 
27....  8,273      7,831    16,104 
28....  5,159      5,180    10,339 
29  6,829     7,048    13.877 
30....  4,435      4,232      8,667 
31....  4,182      4,121      8,303 
32....  5,992     5,969    11,961 
33....  5,719     5,500    11,219 
34....  6,173      6,276    12,449 
35....  5,003      5,024    10,027 

12  7,503         1,717         14         9,234 
13  4  758         2  553         14         7  325 

16..                                        4544          5*381          ^fi          <l'<lS1 

17  5,365         3,680         54         9,099 

19  7,153            908           9         8*070 
20  6  218         1  230         15         7  463 

21  2,455         1441         15         3*911 

22  5,545         1,994        60         7*599 
23  5,230         1,359         31         6,620 
24  5,585         2,837         39         8,461 
2o  6,067         1,561        38         7.668 

27  12,463         3*567         74        16*104 
28  7,620         2,663         56        10,339 
29  8,649         5,178         50       13.877 
30  5,008         3,596         63         8,667 
31  6,061         2,198         44         8,303 
32  9,892         1,983         86        11.961 
33...  9,060         2,112         47        11,219 

T'l.152,179  152,368  304,547 

nder  15  Years. 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
19...    1,247      1,205      2,452 
20...    1,163      1,184      2,347 
21...       648         614      1,262 
22...    1,016         986      2,002 
23...    1,613      1,622      3,235 
24...     2,008      2,047      4,055 
25...    1,831      1,981      3,812 
26...    1,608      1,511      3,119 
27...     2,029      2,058      4,087 
28...    1,303      1,362      2,665 
29...    1,758      1,750      3,508 
30...    2,193      2,184      4,377 
31...    1,243      1,327      2,570 
32...    1,501      1,527      3,028 
33....  1,993      2,015      4,008 
34....  1,823      1,802      3,625 
35....  1,595      1,649      3,244 
T'l.  18,238    48,711    96,949 
nder  21   Tears. 
Fe- 
Ward.  Male.  male.Total. 
19..      2,304      3,202      5,506 
20..   .  1,460      2.124      3,584 
21..         981      1,211      2,192 
22..      1,830      2,343      4,173 
23..      2,249      2,586      4,835 
24..      2,515      2,728      5,243 
25..      3,451      4,116      7,567 
26..      3,451      3,878      7,329 
27..      4,318      4,512      8,830 
28..     3,999      4,410      8,409 
29..      3,802      4,314      8,116 
30..      2,172      2,607      4,779 
31..      2,888      3,261      6,149 
32..      4,024      4,519      8,543 
33..      3,466      3,786      7,252 
34..      3,967      4,405      8,372 
35..      3,224      3,500      6,724 

35....%  7,016         3,005           6        10,027 

Total     220  685        82  654    1  208      304  547 

*Not  in  school  for  thirty  cons'e*utive  days. 
SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE   AND   EMPLOYMENT. 
Minors  over  14  and  under  16  yeans  of  age. 
f  Attending  School  ^  ,  Working  -^ 
Office  or 
Ward.  Public.Private.(*)  store.  Fact'y.  Mis.  Total. 
1  513         125        5         45         47         52         787 

2                   738         179      13         74  '       36         f>0      1  nQrt 

3  899         343       2         18           4           1      1267 

4  1661      1191      51       258       28?       9(K      ^*7na 

5  1,706         737      23       172       143       192      2973 
6  1,301         502        4         20           1           5      1833 
I  L567         505      14         39           8         64      2197 

9...           1984         715      47         72         34.        91  A      1AM 

JO-  1,830         551      29       134       203       209      2956 

12  1,735         376      24       168       230       306      2,839 
13..             1,199         633        9       113         48         94      2096 
14..             1,693         377      58       107         93       105      2433 
15..             2,092         334        6       264       195       267      3,158 
16..                962         990      21         86       480       163      2,702 
17..             1,818         826        9       116       263       196      3,228 
18..                878         238        6         82         74         71      1349 
19..             1,834         253        6         56       182       116      2452 
20..             1,657         271      13       114       184       108      2,347 
21  700         451      10         46         17         38      1  2R2 

22                1  074         437      4C>        145        18S        iiq      9*nn9 

23:::::::  2*321    755  &    1    g   "J  l-gi 

24  2202      1244      85       156       169       1<W      <Tnv; 

2°     •           2  772         965      16         29           5         25      3  812 

26...,      .    1832         702                 271          78        911       9*1  1Q 

27....          2406         575      36        338        397        dffc      A  n97 

28  1475         447      11        194        591        907      *>  RRK 

30...   .       2581      1442      68       114         76         96      4377 

31  1^682        *492      12       171         59       154      2^70 
32  2,173         522      39       123         19       152      3  028 
33  3,021         466      90       168         82       181      4,008 
34  2  319         553      30       232       231       260      3  625 

T'l.89.804  103,712  193,516 
TENDANCE, 
ry   attendance  age  —  over 
r  14  years. 
e.    Private.     (*)      Total. 
20             534           6          3,060 
?0             864         26          4,810 
f4          1,288           5          4,667 
58         4.156         41         8.885 

35  2,044         767        6       195         98       134      3*244 

Total    59,485    21,186    885    4,807    4,937    5,649    96,949 
*Out  of  school  and  out  of  work  for  thirty  con- 
secutive days. 

DEAF,   BLIND,   CRIPPLED  AND  ILLITERATE 
MINORS. 
There  were  in  1916  567  deaf  children  in  the  city 
and    182    minors    who    were    blind,    or    npnrlv    BO 

2                                           39 

3  s'n 

4  .     4,6! 

ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


921 


There  are  126  more  who  have  visual  defects  lead- 
ing to  the  sightless  life. 

The  city  had  645  crippled  minors  of  whom  210 
were  so  incapacitated  that  they  were  eligible  for 
transportation  service  to  the  crippled  children's 
centers.  There  were  2,086  so  called  "subnormal" 
minors  in  the  entire  city,  including  those  feeble- 
minded, mentally  backward  or  having  mental  de- 
fects. Returns  from  special  divisions  in  the 


public    schools    make    a    complete    count    of    this 
class  of  children  possible.     Chicago  has  221  mutes. 

The  illiterates  over  12  and  under  21,  mostly  be- 
tween 16  and  21,  total  573,  who  cannot  rend  or 
write. 

NO  SCHOOL  CENSUS  IN   1918.  ' 

Owing  to  litigation  over  the  membership  of  the 
board  of  education  no  school  census  was  taken  in 
Chicago  in  1918. 


CEMETERIES    IN    CHICAGO    AND    VICINITY. 


Arlington— West  thirteen  miles,  near  Elmhurst. 

Bethany— Archer   avenue   and   79th   street. 

Bohemian  National— North  Crawford  and  Poster 
avenues. 

15'uai  Abraham— South  of  Waldheim. 

B'nai  Sholom— North  Clark  street,  near  Irving 
Park  boulevard. 

B'rith  Abraham — Des  Plaines  avenue  and  14th 
street.  Forest  Park. 

Brookside— West  sixteen  miles,  near  South  Elm- 
hurst. 

Calvary — North   ten  miles,    near  South   Evanston. 

Chebra  Gemilath  Chasadim  Ubikur  Cholim— North 
Clark  street,  near  Irving  Park  boulevard. 

Chebra  Kadisha  Ubikur  Cholim— North  Clark 
street,  near  Irving  Park  boulevard. 

Chevra  Shomer  Hadas — Nine  miles  west  on  Des 
Plaines  avenue,  south  of  West  Roosevelt  road. 

Concordia— Nine  miles  west  on  Madison  street. 

Crown  Hill — Fourteen  miles  west  on  Aurora.  El- 
gin &  Joliet  railway. 

Eden — Irving  Park  boulevard,  near  Franklin  Park. 

Elm  Lawn— West  thirteen  miles  on  Lake  street, 
near  Elmhurst. 

Elmwood — Grand  and  Beach  avenues. 

Evergreen — South  Kedzie  avenue  and  87th  street. 

Fairmount — Willow  Springs. 

Fair   Oaks    Park — Matteson.    south. 

Forest  Home— West  ten  miles  on  Roosevelt  road. 

Free  Sons  of  Israel— Waldheim. 

German  Lutheran— North  Clurk  street  and  Irving 
Park  boulevard. 

Graceland — North  five  miles  on  Clark  street. 

Hebrew  Benevolent  Society— North  Clark  street, 
near  Irving  Park  boulevard. 

Highland— West  Chicago. 

Lincoln — Kedzie  avenue  and  123d. 

Montrose— Bryn  Mawr  and  Crawford  avenues. 

Moses  Montefiore— South  of  Forest  Home. 

Mount  Auburn — Southwest  nine  and  one-half  miles 
at  39th  street  and  Oak  Park  avenue. 

Mount  Carmel— Hillside  Station. 

Mount  Forest— Thornton.   111. 

Mount  Glenwood— Thornton.  111. 


CHICAGO    CITY    TREASURERS    SINCE 


Hiram    Pearsons 1837-1S38 

George  W.   Dole 1839 

Walter  S.   Gurnee.  .1840,  1843-1844 

N.   H.   Bolles 1840-1841 

Wm.  L.  Church. 1845-1846,1848-1*49 

Andrew  Getzler 1847 

Edward   Manierre 1850-1853 

Uriah   P.    Harris 1854 

William   F.    DeWolf 1855 

O.   J.    Rose 


C. 


Holden. 


1857 


Alonzo   Harvey 1858-1860 

Charles   H.    Hunt 1860 

W.    H.   Bice 1861-1862 


David  A.  Gage.1863-1864,  1869-1S73 

A.    G.    Throop 1865-1866 

Willard  F.  Wentworth..l867-18o9 

Daniel   O'Hara 1873-1875 

Clinton    Briggs 1876 

Charles   R.    Larrabee 1877-1878 

William  C.   Seipp 1879-1881 

Rudolph  Brand 1881-1883 

John    M.    Dunphy 1883-1885 

William    M.    Devine 1885-1887 

C.   Herman  Plautz 1887-1889 


Mount  Groenwood— Near  Morgan  Park;  south. 

Mount  Hope — Near  Morgan  Park. 

Mount  Israel — Dunning. 

Mount  Maariv— Narragansett  avenue  near  Irving 
Park  boulevard. 

Mount  Olive — Northwest  nine  miles,  on  Narra- 
gansett avenue. 

Mount  Olivet — South  sixteen  miles,  near  Morgan 
Park. 

New  Light— East  Prairie  road,  near  Lincoln  ave- 
nue, Morton  Grove;  northwest. 

North  Chicago  Hebrew  Congregation— At  Rosehill: 
north. 

Norwood  Park — Sanford  avenue  and  Higgins  road. 

Oak  Hill— West  119th  street  and  Kedzie  avenue. 

Oakland— Proviso:  west  twelve  miles. 

Oak  Lawn— South   Halsted  and  180th   streets. 

Oakridge — Oakridge  avrnue  and  West  Roosevelt 
road,  west  twelve  miles.  / 

Oakwoods — Greenwood  avenue  and  67th  street: 
south. 

Oestereich-Ungarischer  Kranken  Unterstuetzungs- 
Verein— At  Waldheim. 

Ohavo   Amuno — South  of  Forest  Home. 

Ohavo  Sholom — At  Oakwoods. 

Polish — Milwaukee  avenue,  near  Norwood  Park. 

Ridgelawn— North  Crawford  and  Peterson  avenues. 

Rosehill — North  seven  miles  at  Edgewater  ave- 
nue and  East  Ravenswood  avenue. 

St.   Adalbert— Norwood  Park. 

St.  Boniface — North  Clark  street  and  Lawrence 
avenue. 

St.   Henry— Ridge  and   Devon  avenues. 

St.    Joseph's — River   Grove. 

St.  Lukas— 5232  North  Crawford  avenue. 

St.  Maria— Grand  Trunk  railway  and  87th  street: 
south. 

Sinai  Congregation — At  Rosehill. 

Society  of  Benevolence  and  Relief  of  the  Sick- 
North  Clark  street  and  Irving  Park  boulevard. 

Union  Ridge — Higgins  avenue,  near  Norwood  Park. 

Waldheim — West  ten  miles  on  Harrison  street. 

Woodlawn— West  22d  street  and  Harlem  avenue. 

Zion  Congregation— At  Rosehill. 

1837. 

M.   J.  Bransfield 1893-1895 

Adam    Wolf 1895-1897 

Ernst  Hummel 1897-1899 

Adam  Ortseifen. 1899-1901,1903-1905 

Charles   F.    Gunther 1901-1903 

Frederick   W.    Block! 1905-1907 

John  E.   Traeger 1907-1909 

Isaac  N.    Powell 1909-1911 

Henry   Stuckart 1911-1913 

Michael  J.  Flynn 1913-1915 

Charles   H.    Sergei 1915-1917 


Bernard   Roesing 1889-1891  I  Clayton    F.    Smith 1917-1919 

Peter    Kiolbassa 1891-1893  !  Henry   Stuckart 1919-1921 


DISTANCE    OF   VISIBILITY   OF    OBJECTS   ON    THE   LAKES. 

[From   "List  of  Lights  and  Fog  Signals"  issued  by  the  United  States  lighthouse  board.] 


Height,      Dist.. 
feet.         miles. 
5  2.96 
10  4.18 
15  5.12 
20  5.92 
25  6.61 
30  7.25 
35  7.83 
40  8.37 
45       8.87 

Height,      Dist.. 
feet.         miles. 
55  9.81 
60  10.25 
65  10.67 
70  11.07 
75  11.46 
SO  11.83 
85  12.20 
90  12.55 
95  12.89 
100  13.23 

Height,      Dist., 
feet.         miles. 
110  13.87 
120  14.49 
130  15.08 
140  15.65 
150  16.20 
200  18.71 
2V)  20.92 
300  22.91 

Height,      Dist., 
feet.         miles. 
450  28.06 
500  29.58 
550  31.02 
The   distances 
table   are   thore 
seen   by   an   obse 
level;   in   practk 
add  to  these  a  ( 
ing    to    the    heig 
lake  level. 

Height,      Dist.. 
feet.         miles. 
600  32.40 
650  33.73 
700  35.no 
of  visibility  giv 
from    which    an 
rver   whose  eye 
f,    therefore,    it 
listance  of  visfb 
ht    of    the   obser 

Height,      Dist., 
feet.         miles. 
800                37  42 

900  39  69 

l.COO  41.83 
en  in  the  above 
object   may    be 
is   at   the   lake 
is    necessflrv    to 
ilitv  correspond  - 
ver's    eye   above 

350  24.75 
400  26.46 

BO  9.35 

922 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


IS  OT ABLE  BUILDINGS   IN  CHICAGO. 

Name,   location,  height  in   stories,   heigrht   in  feet  and  approximate  cost  given  in  order. 


Adama    Express— 11.5    South    Dearborn    street; 
Advertisers'— 123'    West    Madison    street:    16: 

American  Trust  and  Saving's  Bank— Clark  and 
Monroe  streets:  18:  272;  $1,000.000. 

Art  Institute— Michigan  avenue  and  Adams 
street:  3:  75;  8600,000. 

Ashland— Glark  and  Randolph  streets:  16:  200: 

Atlantic 'Hotel— 316    South   Clark    street:    20: 

200;    $1.400.000. 
Auditorium— Michigan     avenue     and     Congress 

street:  11:  145   (to  top  of  tower  270);  $3,- 

200  000. 

Auditorium  Annex— Michigan  avenue  and  Con- 
gress street:    11;   152:    $1.000.000. 
Auditorium  Annex  No.  2—528  South  Michigan 

avenue:   13:   180:   $750.000. 
Barnheisel— 616-622  Michigan  avenue;  10:  150; 

$350,000. 
Bedford— Adams     and    Dearborn     streets;     14; 

188:    $475.000. 
Blackstone   Hotel— Michigan    avenue   and   East 

7th  street:  20:  220:  $1.500,000. 
Board    of    Trade-^Jackson    boulevard    and   La- 

Salle  street:  9:  135;  $1.800.000. 
Borland— Monroe  and  LaSalle  streets:  17:  239: 

Born— 342-344    South   Wells   street;    12:    165: 

Born— 533*    South    Franklin    street:    10:    165; 

$300,000. 
Boston   Store — State  and  Madison  streets;   17: 

260:   $3,500.000. 
Boyce— 30    North    Dearborn    street:    12:    155: 

$250  000. 
Breda— 105    North   Dearborn   street;    13;    160; 

Brooks— 315   Franklin-st.;    10;   142;    $330,000. 
Burlington— Jackson     boulevard     and     Clinton 

street:  21;  260:  $1.500.000. 
Butler  Brothers— Randolph   and  Canal  streets: 

14:    200:    $1.750,000. 
Cable — 307   South   Wabash   avenue;    10;    140: 

Carson.'  Pirie.  Scott  &  Co.— State  and  Madison 

streets:  12;  168:  $1,350.000.     . 
Caxton— 506  South  Dearborn  street;   12;   150: 

$270.000. 
Central  Trust  Bank— 117  West  Monroe  street: 

3-  75;  $250,000. 

Chamber  of  Commerce— LaSalle  and  Washing-- 
ton streets:   13;   190:   $1,000.000. 
Chicago  Athletic  Association— 12  South  Michi- 
gan avenue:  10;  165:  $600.000. 
Chicago    Athletic     Association     Addition  —  71 

East  Madison  street;  13;  214;   $500.000. 
Chicago     Savings     Bank— State     and     Madison  i 

streets:    14;    196:    $750.000. 
Chicago  Title  and  Trust— 69  West  Washington 

street:    16;    210;    $600.000. 
Church— 32    South   Wabash   avenue;    12:    150; 

$300.000. 
City    Hall— LaSalle    street,    between    Randolph 

and  Washington  streets:  12:  247:  $5.000,000. 
City  Hall  Square— 119-121  North  Clark  street: 

21:  250;   91,500.000. 
Columbia — Clark     street,     near     Madison;     11; 

125:    $500,000. 
Columbus     Memorial— State     and     Washington 

streets:   14;   251;   $800.000. 
Congress  Hotel— See  Auditorium  Annex. 
Consumers— State  and  Quincy  streets:  21;  260: 

$1,500.000. 
Continental— South   Wells    and   Quincy    streets: 

10:    140:    $250,000. 
Continental    and   Commercial   National    Bank — 

Wells   and  Adams-sts.;   20-   260;   $4.500.000. 
Conwpy — Wnphingrton    and    Clark    streets;    21; 

260:    $2.000.00*0. 
Cook  County  Courthouse— Clark  street,  between 


Randolph  and  Washington  streets;  12:   247: 

$5.000.000. 
Corn    Exchange    National    Bank— LaSalle    and 

Adams  streets:  16;  189:  $11.000,000. 
Counselman — LaSalle  street  and  Jackson  boule- 
vard;  9:    145:   $325,000. 

Dexter— 35  W.  Adams  street;  8;  140;  $150.000. 
Federal  Life— 166  North  Michigan  avenue:  12: 

175:  $400.000. 
Dry     Goods     Reporter  —  Market     and     Quincy 

streets:  12:  150;  $130,000. 
Edison— Clark    and    Adams    streets:    18:    274; 

$3,800.000. 
Elks— 174    West   Washington  street:    16:    200; 

$500.000. 
Ellsworth— 537     South    Dearborn    street:     14: 

170:   $300,000. 
Fair— State  and  Adams  streets;   11;    165:   $1.- 

500,000. 
Farwell  Trust— 226   South  LaSalle   street;    12: 

165:   $275.000. 

Federal  Building— See  postoffice. 
Field.     Marshall     (retail)— Block    bounded    by 

Washington,   State  and  Randolph  streets  and 

Wabash  avenue:  12;  225;  $8,500.000. 
Field.  Marshall   (men's  store)— Wabash  avenue 

ana  Washington  street:  20;  260:  $2.500,000. 
Field,  Marshall    (wholesale)— Adams  and  Wells 

streets:    8;    130;    $2.000.000. 
Field    Warehouse — West    Polk    and    Ellsworth 

streets:   13:  160:  $500,000. 
Fine    Arts — 410    South    Michigan    avenue:    10: 

150;   $750,000. 
First    National    Bank— Dearborn    and    Monroe 

streets:    17:    257:   $3.000.000. 
Fisher — Dearborn  and  Van  Buren   streets:    20: 

274;  $965,000. 
Fisk— Wabash  avenue  and  South  Water  street: 

13:    150:    $300,000. 
Fort  Dearborn— Clark  and  Monroe  streets:  12: 

150:    $400,000. 
Fort  Dearborn   Hotel — Van   Buren  and  LaSalle 

streets:   17:   250:  $1.100.000. 
Gaff— 230  S.  LaSalle  street;  9;  145;  $275.000. 
Gage— 18    South    Michigan    avenue:    12;    168; 

$500,000. 
Garland — Wabash      avenue      and      Washington 

street;  16:  200:  $1,000.000. 
Garnck— 64    West    Randolph   street:    16:    211: 

$750.000. 
Gibbons — 49     West     Jackson     boulevard:     16: 

200:   $398.000. 
Goddard — Wabash    avenue   and   Monroe  street: 

13:  160:   $300.000. 
Grand    Central    Station— Harrison    and    Wells; 

7;    212V£>    (to   top   of   tower);    $1,000.000. 
Great     Northern    Hotel— Dearborn     street     and 

Jackson  boulevard:    17:    176;   $900,000. 
Harris  Trust  and  Savings  Bank— 111  West  Mon- 


roe street:  21;  2( 


$2,500.000. 


Hamilton  Club — 10  South  Dearborn  street;  10: 

150:   $250,000. 
Hart   Schaffner  &  Marx — Franklin  and  Monroe 

streets:  12:  190:  $1,000,000. 
Hartford — Madison    and   Dearborn   streets:    14; 

16ft:    $1,000.000. 
Harvester— Michigan      avenue      and      Harrison 

street:   15:  212;  $1.000,000. 
Herald— 163  West   Washington  street;  7;    124; 

$500,000. 
Hey  worth— Madison  street   and  Wabash  avenue : 

18:   286:   $1,500,000. 

Hibbard.    Spencer,    Bartlett    &   Co.— South   Wa- 
ter and  State  streets;  10;  135;  $1.000,000. 
Hirsh.    Wickwire    &    Co.— 337    South    Franklin 

street:   10:   114:    $500,000. 
Home   Insurance— LaSalle    and   Adams    streets: 

12:   156:  $800,000. 
Hotel  Brevoort— 120  West  Madison  street:   12: 

175:    $500.000. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


923 


Hotel'  LaSalle— LaSalle    and    Madison    streets: 

23:   260:  $3,500.000. 
Hotel    Sherman — Clark    and    Randolph    streets; 

14;   200;   $2.500,000. 
Hunter— Madison  and  Market  streets;  12:  148: 

$500.000. 
Illinois    Athletic    Club— 112     South    Michigan 

avenue:  12;  200;   $500,000. 
Illinois  Central  Station— Park  row,  near  Michi- 

gran    avenue:    13;    225    (to    top    of    tower); 

$1.000.000. 
Illinois     Trust     and     Savings     Bank  —  LaSalle 

street    and    Jackson-blvd.;    2;    58;    $300,000. 
Insurance    Exchange — Jackson    boulevard    and 

Wells  street:  22:  260:  $4,000,000. 
Isabella— 21   East  Van  Buren  street;   10:   166: 

8200.000. 
Karpen— Michigan  avenue  and  East  9th  street; 

12:  200:   $1,400,000. 
Kent— Franklin  and  Congress  streets;  10:  140; 

$500.000. 
Kesner — Madison    street    and    Wabash    avenue; 

17:  226:  $850,000. 
Kimball     Hall — Wabash     avenue    and    Jackson 

boulevard:   16:   200;   82,250,000. 
Kling    Bros.    &    Co. — 411    South    Wells    street; 

10:    150:    $250,000. 
Kohn — 425    South    Franklin    street;    10:    150: 

$300.000. 
Kuppenheimer — 415  South  Franklin  street:  10: 

150:  $350,000. 
Lake  View — 116   South  Michigan  avenue;  12: 

200:  $250.000.  \ 

Lakota — Michigan  avenue  and  30th  street:  10; 

140:   $750,000. 
LaSalle  Street  Station— Van  Buren  and  LaSalle 

streets:   14:   192;   $2.500,000. 
Lees— 19   S.   Wells   street:    14;    165;    $400,000. 
Lexington     Hotel — Michigan    avenue    and    22d 

street:'  10;   130:   $750,000. 
Lombard  Hotel — Wells  and  Quincy  streets:  11: 

175:    $500.000. 
Ludington— '1104    South    Wabash    avenue;    8; 

112:   $275,000. 
Lumberman's   Exchange — LaSalle   and  Madison 

streets:   16:   200:   $1.250.000. 
Lyon    &    Healy — Wabash    avenue    and   Jackson 

boulevard:   10;   175;   $1,000.000. 
Lytton — State    street    and    Jackson    boulevard: 

18;    260;    $2,250.000. 
Majestic  Theater— 22  West  Monroe  street:  20; 

240:    $1.000,000. 
Mailers — Wabash    avenue    and   Madison    street; 

21:  260:   $1.500.000. 
Mailers— 226    South    LaSalle    street;    12;    175; 

$275.000. 
Mailers— Market  and  Quincy  streets;   10:  150; 

$200.000. 
Mandel — Wabash    avenue    and   Madison    street; 

15:  226:  $2,000.000. 
Manhattan — 131    South    Dearborn    street:    16; 

208:    $700,000. 
Marquette — Dearborn    and   Adams    streets;    16; 

229:    $1.000.000. 
Masonic   Temple — State    and   Randolph-sts.;  21; 

354    (to   observation   platform)  ;    $3,000.000. 
Medinah     Temple — Wells     street     and    Jackson 

boulevard:   12;   190;   $500,000. 
Mentor — State    and   Monroe    streets;    16;    192: 

$500,000. 
Merchants   Loan    and    Trust    Bank— Clark    and 

Adams  streets:    12:    157;   81,000.000. 
Michigan     Avenue — Michigan     boulevard     and 

Washington  street;   15:   200:   $1,500,000. 
Monadnock — Dearborn  and  Van  Buren  streets; 

16:   194;   $2.000.000. 
Monon — 440   South  Dearborn  street:    12;    160: 

82185,000. 
Monroe — Michigan   avenue  and  Monroe   street: 

14:  200:   $1,500.000. 
Morrison    Hotel — Clark    and    Madison    streets: 

22:   260;    $2,000,000. 


McClurg— 218  South  Wabash  avenue;   9;  125: 

$200.000. 
McCormick— Michigan   avenue   and  Van   Buren 

street:    20:    260;    $1,000.000:    addition,    20: 

260;    $1.500,000. 
McNeill— 321     West    Jackson    boulevard-     10- 

140:  8250.000. 
National    Life— 29    South    LaSalle    street;    12: 

160:    81,200.000. 
Newberry   Library— Clark     street     and    Walton 

place:  5;  70;  8850,000. 
New   York  Life— LaSalle   and  Monroe    streets: 

14:  166:  $1.000,000. 
North    American— State    and    Monroe    streets- 

20:   260:   $1,800.000. 
Northern    Trust    Bank  — LaSalle    and    Monroe 

streets;  4;  74:  $500.000. 
Northwestern     Railway      (office)  —  226     West 

Jackson  boulevard:    14;    212:    82.000.000. 
Northwestern     Railway      (terminal     station)  — 

West    Madison    and    Canal    streets;    3;    116; 

820,000,000    (including    site'). 
Old  Colony — Dearborn  and  Van  Buren  streets: 

17:  203;  $900,000. 
Orchestra   Hall— 216    South   Michigan    avenue; 

8:    110:   8900,000. 
Otis— Madison    and    LaSalle    streets-    18;    250; 

$1,500,000. 
Palmer— 367     West     Adams    street;     10;     140: 

$450,000. 
Palmer    House— State    and   Monroe    streets;    9; 

100;    $3,500.000. 
Patten— Harrison     and  '  Sherman     streets;     12; 

168;   $450,000. 
Peoples     Gas — Michigan     avenue     and     Adams 

street;    20;    260;    $3,000,000. 
People's  Life— Randolph  and  Wells  streets;  17; 

200;   8700,000. 
Pontiac— Dearborn    and    Harrison'   streets;    14; 

170;   $350,000. 
Pope  —  633      Plymouth      court ;      12 ;      160  • 

8290,000. 
Postal    Telegraph— 137-153    West    Van    Buren 

street:  11;  150;  $800,000. 
Postofflce— Adams    and    Clark    streets:    8;    300 

(to  top  of  dome)  ;  $4,000.000. 
Powers— Wabash    avenue    and    Monroe    street; 

13;  160:  $400,000. 
Printers— Polk    and    Sherman    streets;    8;    120; 

$400,000. 
Public     Library  —  Michigan     avenue,     between 

Randolph    and    Washington    streets;    3;    95; 

$1,200,000. 
Pullman— Adams  streets  and  Michigan  avenue; 

9;    125;    8800,000. 
Railway     Exchange  —  Michigan     avenue     and 

Jackson   boulevard:    17;    220;    81,600.000. 
Rector— Clark    and    Monroe    streets;    13;    175; 

8700.000. 
Reid,    Murdoch    &    Co.— North    side    of    river. 

between  Clark   and  LaSalle  streets;   9;    175; 

81.000.000. 
Reliance— State    and    Washington    streets;    16; 

200:   $500.000. 
Republic— State    and   Adams   streets;    19;    260; 

$1.100.000. 
Rialto— 140    West    Van   Buren   street;    9;    144; 

8700,000. 
Rookery— LaSalle  and  Adams  streets;  11;  165- 

$1,500,000. 
Rothschild— 304    South    State    street;    8;    138; 

$250,000. 

Royal     Insurance— 160     West     Jackson     boule- 
vard;   13;    185;    $800,000. 
Schiller — See   Garrick. 
Security— Madison  and  Wells  streets;  14;   147- 

$450,000. 
Shuman — Randolph     and     Wells     streets-      16- 

200;   $700,000. 
Siegel,    Cooper    &    Co.— State    and    Van    Buren 

streets;    8;    123;    $1.250.000. 
Silversmiths— 10    South    Wabash    avenue;    10; 

135;   8250,000. 


924 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Society  Brand— Franklin  and  Congress  streets; 
13;  160;  $450,000. 

Spitz  &  Schoenberg  —  529  South  Franklin 
street;  10;  150;  $250, 000. 

Star— 538  South  Dearborn  street;  12;  150; 
$250,000. 

State-Lake—State  and  Lake  streets;  13;  200: 
$1,600,000. 

Stegrer— Wabash  avenue  and  Jackson  boule- 
vard; 20;  250;  $800.000. 


Steinway— 64    East     Van    Buren    street; 
188;   $280.000. 


11; 


Stevens— State  street,  between  Washing-ton  and 

Madison;    19;   250;   $2.250.000. 
Stewart— State    and    Washington    streets;    12; 


145;   $800,000. 
Stewart     Apartments 


-Lake     Shore     drive    and 


Division   street;    12;    145;    $700,000. 
Stock     Exchange  —  LaSalie      and     Washington 

streets:    13;    173;    $1,250.000. 
Straus— Clark   and   Madison   streets;    10;    141; 

$250.000. 
Stud^baker— 629    South    Wabash    avenue;    10: 

135:  $350.000. 
Tacoma— Madison     and     LaSalie     streets;     13; 

165;   $500.000. 
Telephone— Washington,     between     Wells     and 


Franklin   streets:    20:   260:   $2.500.00 


Telephone     (Franklin    bldg.)— 311-32 


7°00W 


est 


Washington    street;    11;    172;    $2.000.000. 
Temple— LaSalie  and  Monroe  streets;  12;  185; 

$1,000.000. 
Temple  Court— 219  South  Dearborn  street;  9; 

100;   $300.000. 
Teutonic— Washington   and   Wells    streets;    10; 

130;   $500.000. 

Theodore  Thomas  Hall — See  Orchestra  hall. 
Tower      (old     Montgomery     Ward)  —  Michig-an 


avenue    and    Madison    street;    25;    394     (to 

top  of  tower)  ;   $1.500.000. 

Transportation     (Heisen) — Dearborn    and    Har- 
rison streets;  22;   260;   $2,000,000. 
Tribune — Dearborn    and    Madison    streets;    17; 

244;   $1.500.000. 
Twentieth    Century— State    and    Adams   streets; 

15;    200;    $700,000. 
Union     Terminal     Station  —  South     Canal     and 

Adams  streets;  3;  116;  $40,000,000    (includ- 
ing   site). 
Unity— 127    North   Dearborn    street;    16;    208; 

$800.000. 
University  Club— Michigan  avenue  and  Monroe 

street;    9;    130;    $1.150.000. 
Van  Buren— Van  Buren  and  Wells  streets;   10; 

130;   $250.000. 
Venetian— 15     East     Washington     street;     13; 

181;    $350.000. 
Virginia— Ohio    and    Rush    streets;    10;    150; 

$500.000. 
Vogue— 286-290   South  Wells  street;   10;   150; 

$200.000. 
Webster— 127    South   Market   street;    10;    150: 

$150.000. 
Western    Union— 111   West   Jackson  boulevard; 

13;    176;    $700.000. 
Westminster — Monroe     and     Dearborn     streets; 

16;    200;    $1,200.000. 
Williams— 205  West   Monroe   street;    10;    140; 

S?00.000. 
Wilson— 528    South    Wells    street:     10:     150: 

$500.000. 
Y.    M.    C.    A.— 19    South    LaSalie    street;    17; 

260;   $1.000.000. 
Y.    M.    C.    A.    Hotel,    818-826    South    Wabash 

avenue:   19:   200:   $1.100.000. 

The   limit    of   height    under    a   building  ordi- 
nance passed  Feb.  6,  1911,  is  200  feet. 


NOTABLE    NEW   YORK   BUILDINGS. 

Height  in  stories  and  feet. 


Stories 
32 

Ft. 
424 

Stories 
20 

Ft. 
293 

Municipal 

Stories 
24 

Ft. 
560 

American  Express   . 

32 

415 

Equitable  

...37 

485 

Park  Row  

..    29 

382 

American  Surety 

23 

306 

Evening  Post 

..32 

385 

Pulitzer  

Of> 

375 

'23 

306 

20 

286 

Singer  . 

41 

612 

Ashland 

20 

266 

20 

281 

St    Paul 

°6 

308 

Bankers'  Trust 

39 

539 

Heidelberg 

30 

410 

Sun   

23 

306 

20 

270 

Hotel  McAlpin 

25 

307 

Times  .  . 

°8 

419 

Bowling  Green  

...19 

272 

Hudson  Terminal 

oo 

275 

Trinity  

..  .21 

280 

Broad  Exchange 

20 

276 

Hyde     

..  .20 

288 

U.  S.  Rubber  Co 

20 

273 

259 

Liberty  Tower.  .  . 

..  32 

385 

Victoria 

20 

263 

Candler 

20 

341 

25 

315 

Walker 

17 

388 

City  Investing  

...33 
20 

486 
263 

Manhattan  Life.  . 

i.19 

348 
292 

Washington  Life. 
Whitehall 

....19 

273 
424 

Columbia  Trust.  .  .  . 
Commercial  Cable.  . 

...23 
21 

306 
255 

Metropolitan  Life 

....50 

700 

Woolworth  

51 

785 

LEARNED  SOCIETIES  IN  CHICAGO. 


American  Library  Association — Public  library 
building- :  secretary,  George  B.  Utley. 

Chicag-o  Academy  of  Sciences,  The— Lincoln 
park;  president.  Dr.  John  M.  Coulter;  secre- 
tary. Charles  F.  Hills. 

Chicag-o  Astronomical  Society— President,  Prof. 
Elias  Colbert:  secretary.  Prof.  Philip  Fox. 
Northwestern  university,  Evanston. 

Chicag-o  Bar  Association — Library  rooms.  105 
Monroe  street:  president.  James  M.  Sheean; 
secretary.  Arthur  Dyrenforth. 

Chicag-o    Historical    Society— Dearborn    avenue 

fnd    Ontario    street:    president,    Clarence    A. 
urley;  secretary.  Seymour  Morris;  librarian, 

Caroline  M.  Mcllvaine. 
Chicago    Law    Institute— President,    Gabriel    J. 

Norden;   secretary,  Alfred  E.  Barr. 
Chicago     Literary     Club     Rooms— 410     South 

Michigan    avenue:    president.    Edwin    Heibert 

^ewis:   secretary  and  treasurer,  Frederick  W 

Gookm.    15   West   Walton   place- 
Chicag-o  Medical   Society— President,   Dr.   J.  V.  I 


Fowler:  secretary,  Dr.  Hugh  N.  MacKechnie. 
25  East  Washington  street. 

Geographic  Society  of  Chicago  —  President. 
Frederick  T.  West:  domestic  corresponding- 
secretary,  Mrs.  Laurie  R.  Frazeur.  814  South 
Michigan  avenue:  treasurer,  Orpheus  M. 
Schantz,  P.  O.  box  223.  Chicago. 

Illinois  Audubon  Society— President  O.  M. 
Schantz.  1649  Otis  building:  secretary.  Roy 
M.  Langdon.  1649  Otis  building 

Jewish  Historical  Society  of  Illinois— President. 
Julius  Rosenwald:  secretary,  H.  L.  Meites. 

State  Microscopical  Society  of  Illinois — Presi- 
dent. Frank  I.  Packard:  secretary.  R.  E.  Mc- 
Donald. 320  Sherman  avenue.  Evanston.  3.11  : 
corresponding-  secretary.  V.  A.  Latham.  M. 
D..  1644  Morse  avenue.  Meetings  or  the 
third  Tuesday  of  each  month  except  July. 
August  and  September. 

Western  Economic  Society— President  Shailer 
Ma  thews:  secretary,  H.  G.  Monlton. 

Western  Society  of  Engineers— 1735  Monad- 
nock  block:  president.  Henry  J.  Burt;  secre- 
tary. Edgar  S.  Nethercut. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


925 


PRINCIPAL   LIBRARIES   OF 

THE  CHICAGO  PUBLIC  LIBRARY.  \ 

Michigan  avenue  and  Washington  street. 
Board   of  Directors— Alfred  E.  Barr,   president; 
James  J.    Healy,    vice-president:    R.   G.   Shut- 
ter. Charles  E.  Schick.  Carl  O.  Beroth,  Frank 
F.    Tollkuehn.    Lawrence    Cuneo.    Robert    J. 
McLaughlin.   Elliott  W.  Sproul. 
Standing:     Committees      (1919-1920)— Library : 
Tollkuehn.    Beroth  and  McLaughlin. 
Administration:  Shutter,  Schick  and  Healy. 
Building-s    and    Grounds:    Schick,    Healy    and 

Sproul. 

Meeting's — Regular    meeting's    of    the    board    at 
5   p.  m.,    on  second  and  fourth  Mondays  of 
each   month,    except   that   in   July    and   Au- 
gust  one   regular   meeting-   shall   be   held   on 
the  second  Monday  of  each  month. 
Secretary— Harry   G.   Wilson. 
Librarian — Carl  B.  Roden. 

Departments  and  Hours. 

Circulating:,  open  shelf  and  registry  depart- 
ments, third  floor,  open  9  a.  m.  to  8:30  p.  m.: 
closed  on  Sunday. 

Reference  room  and  public  card  catalogue, 
fourth  floor:  open  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.;  Sun- 
days and  holidays.  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Thomas  Hughes  room  for  young  people, 
fourth  floor;  open  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. ;  closed  on 
Sunday. 

Art  room,  fifth  floor:  open  9  a.  m.  to  5:30 
p.  m.;  closed  on  Sunday. 

Music  room,  fifth  floor.  Washington  street 
entrance:  open  9  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.:  closed 
on  Sunday. 

Patents,  documents  and  bound  newspapers 
room,  first  floor,  Randolph  street  entrance; 
open  9  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.:  closed  on  Sunday. 
Civics  room,  first  floor.  Randolph  street  en- 
trance: open  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.;  closed  on 
Sunday. 

Reading  room  for  current  magazines  and 
newspapers,  fourth  floor.  Randolph  street  en- 
trance: open  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.:  Sundays  and 
holidays.  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

General  Information. 

The  Chicago  public  library  is  a  free  public 
institution,  established  under  the  Illinois 
library  law  of  1872.  It  derives  its  revenue 
from  an  annual  library  tax  of  apprpximately 
one  mill.  A  board  of  directors  of  nine  mem- 
bers is  appointed  by  the  mayor,  three  annually 
for  terms  of  three  years.  The  library  occupies 
the  site  formerly  known  as  Dearborn  park, 
bounded  by  Michigan  avenue,  Washington 
street.  Garland  court  and  Randolph  street.  The 
cost  of  the  building  was  about  82,000,000.  in- 
cluding the  furniture,  book  stacks  and  machin- 
ery. There  are  forty- four  branches,  six  high 
school  branches,  107  delivery  stations  and 
sixty-eight  deposit  stations. 

The  right  of  drawing  books  from  the  public 
library  belongs  to  all  who  reside  in  the  city  of 
Chicago,  and  also  to  those  who  make  their 
homes  in  the  suburbs  within  the  limits  of  Cpok 
county  and  are  regularly  employed  in  the  city. 
In  order  to  become  a  book  borrower  it  is  nec- 
essary only  to  file  an  application  giving  the 
name  and  residence  of  the  applicant  and  bear- 
ing the  signature  of  a  second  person,  who 
must  be  an  actual  resident  of  the  city,  appear- 
ing as  such  in  the  latest  city  directory.  This 
person  becomes  the  guarantor  to  the  library 
for  the  proper  observance  of  the  library  regula- 
tions on  the  part  of  the  applicant.  These  reg- 
ulations merely  provide  that  books  drawn  for 
home  use  must  be  returned  within  the  stated 
period  and  must  not  be  defaced  or  injured. 

At  the  close  of  May  31,  1919.  the  public 
library  contained  978.456  volumes.  The  aggre- 
gate circulation  for  the  year  ending  May  31. 
1919,  was  7.407,999  volumes,  which  does  not 
include  the  use  of  books  kept  on  the  open 
shelves  at  the  main  library  or  its  branches  or 
the  periodicals  or  newspapers  used  in  the  read- 
ing rooms. 


CHICAGO   AND    VICINITY. 

Branches. 

Branches  marked  •  are  open  from  9  a.  m.  to 
1 0  p.  m.,  those  marked  t  are  open  from  9am 
to  9  p.  m..   all  others  are  open  from   1   to  9 
p.  m.;  those  marked   J   are  open  from  9  a.  m. 
to  5  p.  m.;  holidays  open  from  2   to  6  p.  m. 
Armour  Square— 33d-st.  and  Shields-ay. 
•Austin— 5642  West  Lake-st. 
Bessemer    Park — 89th-st.    and    Muskegon-av. 
•Blackstone — 19th-st.  and  Lake  Park-av. 
tBurr    School — Ashland    and    Wabansia-av. 
t  Butler  House— 3212  Broadway. 
Cornell  Square — Wood  and  West  51st-sts. 
Davis   Square — 45th-st.   and   Marsh field-av. 
•Douglas  Branch— 3527  West  12th-st. 
Dvorak  Park— 20th  and  Fisk-sts. 
Eckhart  Park--Chicago-av.  and  Noble-st. 
JForrestville  School — 45th-st  and  St.  Lawrence- 

av. 

Fuller  Park — 45th-st.  and  Princeton-av. 
Hamilton  Park — 72d-st.   and  Normal-av. 
Hamlin  Park — Barry  and  Hoyne-avs. 
Hardin    Square — Wentv  orth-pv.    and    26th-st. 
•Hebrew  Institute— Taylor  and  Lytle-sts. 
•Hiram  Kelly— 62d-st.  and  Normal-blvd. 
Holstein — Oakley -av.   and  Ems-st. 
tHuroboldt— North  and  Fairfield-avs. 
Independence   Park — Springfield-av.    and   Irving' 

Park-blvd. 

Kosciuszko   Park — 2732    North   Avers-av. 
•Lewis  Institute— 1943  West  Madison-«t. 
tLincoln  Centre — Oakwood-Mvd.   &  Langley-av. 
Logan  Square — 3245  Fullerton-av. 
Mark  White   Square— Halsted  and  30th-sts. 
McKinley  Park— W.  37th-st.  and  S.  Western-bd. 
Morse  School — N.  Sawyer-av.  and  W.  Ohio-st. 
tOgden  Park— 64th-st.  and  Racine-av. 
Palmer  Park— lllth-st.   and  Indiana-av. 
Pulaski  Park— Bin ckhawk  and  Noble-sts. 
•Rogers  Park — 6975  North  Clark-st. 
tScanlan— 11725    Perry-av.  » 

tSeward  Park— Elm  and  Orleans-sts. 
Shedd  Park— Millard-av.  and  West  23d-st. 
t  Sheridan — 4734-36  North  Racine-av. 
t  Sherman   Park— Loomis    and    West    53d-sts. 
Stanford  Park— 14th-pl.  and  Union-st. 
Stanton  Park — Vedder  and  Rees-sts. 
Sutnner  School — Colorado  and  Kildare-avs. 
•••Twenty-Sixth  Street— 2548  South  Homan-av. 
George  C.  Walker  Branch— Morgan  Park. 
tWest  North  Avenue  Branch — 4021  W.  North- 

av. 
•Woodlawn— 6247  Kimbark-av. 

Deposit   Stations. 
Albany  Park— 3312  Lawrence-av. 
Argyle— 5060  North  Clark-st. 
Armitage — 3605  Armitag-e-av. 
Ashburn— 3719  West  83d-st. 
Association  House— 2150  West  North-av. 
Avondale — 3052  Belmqnt-av. 
Birchwood — 1542  Jarvis-av. 
Center  Street— 1112  Center-st. 
Cheltenham— 2943  East  79th-st. 
Chicago   Avenue— 3859   Wpst  Chicago-av, 
Chicago  Lawn— 3509  West  63d-st. 
Cicero  Avenue — i07  South  Cicero-av. 
Cleveland— 3851   North   Albany-av. 
Colorado— 2904  West  Madison-st. 
Dauphin  Park— 8944  Cottage  Grove-av. 
Diversey  Avenue — 2833  Diversey-av. 
Dunning — 3940  Narragansett-av. 
East  Rogers  Park — 6614   Sheridan-rd. 
East  Sixty-First  Street— 632  East  61st-st. 
East  Thirty-First  Street— 304  East  31st-st. 
Edison  Park — 6701  Olmsted-av. 
Fernwood— 104th  and  Wallace-sts. 
Gads  Hill— 1919  West  20th-st. 
Gage  Park— 55th    and   Western-av. 
Grand  Avenue— 1722  Grand-av. 
Grand  Crossing— 1318  East  75th-st. 
Greenview— 1514  Irving  Park-blvd. 
Gresham— 8684  Vincennes-av. 
Hegewisch— 13320  Brandon-av. 
Hermosa — 4235  Armitage-av. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Homan— 3352   West   Madison-st. 

Irving-  Park — 4227  Irving-  Park-blvd. 

Jefferson  Park — 4774  Milwaukee-av. 

Kelvin  Grove— 2848  North  Cicero-av. 

Lake  View — Lill  and  Seminary-avs. 

Larrabee  Street— 2004  Larrabee-st. 

Lawndale — 2140  South  Crawford-av. 

Le  Moyne— 3712  North  Halsted-st. 

Long-wood — West  97th-st.  and  Long-wood  drive. 

Madison  Street — 4216  West  Madison-st. 

Mayfair — 4500  Montrose-av. 

Milwaukee  Avenue— 2314  Milwaukee-av. 

Montrose — 4410  Milwaukee-av. 

North  Clark  Street— 2932  North  Clark-st. 

Norwood  Park— 6013  Ceylon-av. 

Park  Manor— 350  East  71st-st. 

Ravenswood— 4356  North  Hermitage-av. 

St.  Louis— 3446  Irving:  Park-blvd. 

South  Ashland  Avenue— 1254  S.  Ashland-av. 

Southport  Avenue— 3711  Southport-av. 

South  Shore— 6721  Stony  Island-av. 


South  Western  Avenue — 728  South  Western-av. 
Trumbull    Park— 104th    and    Bensley-av. 
Wakelord— 753  East  75th-st. 
Washingtpn  Heights— 1400  West  103d-st. 
West  Division— 2738  West  Division-st. 
West  Englewood— 1901  West  59th-st. 
West  Harrison  Street— 3054  West  Harrison-st. 
West  Pullman— 700  West  120t"h-st. 
West  Ravenswood — 4763  Lincoln-av. 
West  Sixty-Ninth  Street— 1037  West  69th-st. 
West  Twelfth  Street— 2013  West  12th-st. 
Wieboldt— School-st.  and  Ashland-av. 
Windsor  Park— 2522  East  73d-st. 
High  School  Libraries. 
Austin— 200  North  Lotus-av. 
Englewood— 6220  South  Stewart-av. 
Harrison  Technical— 2850  24th  Street-blvd 
Lake  View— 4015  North  Ashland-av. 
John  Marshall— 3250  West  Adams-st. 
Nicholas  Senn— 5900  North  Glenwood-av. 


North. 

1.  Elm   and   Orleans-sts. 

2.  2004  Larrabee-st. 

3.  2471  Lincoln-av. 

4.  4356   N.   Hermitage. 

6.  3212   Broadway. 

7.  6957  N.  Clark-st. 

8.  2273  Lincoln-av. 

10.  2932   N.   Clark-st. 

11.  3712  N.  Halsted-st. 

12.  4734  Racine-av. 

13.  3711  Southport-av. 

15.  5060  N.  Clark-st. 

16.  1514  Irving  Park-blvd. 

17.  Barry    and    Hoyne-avs. 

18.  Vedder  and   Rees-sts. 

19.  4763  Lincoln-av. 

20.  3456  N.  Hoyne-av. 
23.  6568  Sheridan-rd. 

South. 

1.  6721- Stony  Island-av. 

2.  304   E.  31st-st. 

3.  Oakwood-blvd.   and   Lang- 
ley-av. 

4.  534  W.  43d-st. 

5.  49th-st.  and  Lake  Park-av. 

6.  62d-st.    and    Normal-blvd. 

7.  4623   Grand-blvd. 

8.  89th-st.  and  Muskegon-av. 

9.  45th  and  St.  Lawrence-av. 

10.  72d-st.   and   Normal-av. 

11.  938  E.  55th-st. 

12.  336  E.  39th-st. 

13.  636  E.  47th-st. 

14.  11725  S.  Perry-av. 

15.  11100  Indiana-av. 

16.  1037    W.    69th-st. 
18.  '1318    E.    75th-st. 


Delivery  Stations. 

19.  45th-st.  and  Marshfield-av. 

20.  8684  Vincennes-av. 

22.  64th-st.  and  Racine-av. 

23.  33d-st.  and  Shields-av. 

24.  Wentworth-av  &  26th-st. 

25.  5005    State-st. 

26.  West  37th-st.  and  S.  West- 
erri-av. 

27.  4303  Drexel-blvd. 
29.  8944    Cottage    Grove. 
31.  350   E.    71st-st. 

35.  Halsted  and  30th-sts. 

36.  Wood  and  W.  51st-sts. 

37.  Loomis  and  West  51st-sts. 

38.  632  E.  61st-st. 

39.  6247  Kimbark-av. 

40.  2943  E.  79th-st. 

42.  lllth  and  S.  Hoyne-av. 

43.  753  E.  75th-st. 

45.  45th-st.   and  Princeton-av. 
West. 

1.  l/4th-pl.  and  Union-st. 

2.  1722  Grand-av. 

3.  1943  W.  Madison-st. 

4.  1254    S.    Ashland-av. 

5.  1919   West   20th-st. 

6.  728    S.    Western-av. 

7.  Springfield-av.   and   Irving 
Park-blvd. 

8.  3555   Ogden-av. 

9.  1152  W.  Van  Buren. 

10.  4216  W.  Madison-st. 

11.  4227  Irving  Park-blvd. 

12.  2904  W.   Madison-st. 

13.  3052  W.  Belmont-av. 

14.  2639  N.  Rockwell-st. 

15.  1003  S.  Wood-st. 

16    850    Washington-blvd. 


17.  3308  W.  12th-st. 

18.  2314  Milwaukee-av. 

19.  3605  Armitage-av. 

20.  Millard-av.  and  W.  23d-st. 

21.  Taylor  and   Lytle-sts. 

22.  3859    W.    Chicago-av. 

23.  3352  W.  Madison-st. 

24.  953   Grand-av. 

25.  5642  W.  Lake-st. 

26.  2248  W.  Ohio-st. 

27.  4149   Armitage-av. 

28.  3054  W.  Harrison-st. 

29.  407   S.   Cicero-av. 

30.  4807   Kimball-av. 

31.  3123-3125  West  22d-st. 

32.  2548  Homan-av. 

33.  N.    Sawyer    and    Ohio. 

34.  4024    West    16th-st. 

35.  20th   and  Fisk-sts. 

36.  Chicago-av.    and    Noble-st. 

37.  Colorado  and  Kildare-avs. 

38.  3406  West  North-av. 

39.  2732  N.  Avers-av. 

40.  Ashland    &   Wabansia-avs. 

41.  2013  West  12th-st. 

42.  1105    N.    California. 

43.  1212  S.   St.  Louis-av. 

44.  Blackhawk  and  Noble-sts. 

45.  3245   Fullerton-av. 

47.  2138  West  North-av. 

48.  3851   N.   Albany-av. 

49.  1303  Blue  Island-av. 

50.  5115   W.   Chicago-av. 

54.  2553  W.  North-av. 

55.  3446  Irving  Park-blvd. 

56.  Ems-st.  and  Oakley-av. 
58.  2833  Diversey-av. 


THE  NEWBERRY  LIBRARY. 
North  Clark  street  and  Walton  place. 
President — Edward  L.  Ryerson. 
Librarian— William  N.  C.  Carlton. 
Secretary— Jesse  L.  Moss. 

Trustees— Frederick  I.  Carpenter,  Charles  H. 
Hulburd,  David  B.  Jones,  Andrew  C.  Mc- 
Laughlin.  Horace  H.  Martin,  Horace  S.  Oak- 
ley, Edward  L.  Ryerson.  John  W.  Scott.  John 
A.  Spoor,  Albert  H.  Wetten,  John  P.  Wilson, 
John  P.  Wilson,  Jr. 

Hours— From  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  every  day  ex- 
cept Sundays  and  the  following  holidays: 
Jan.  1.  May  30,  July  4.  Thanksgiving  and 
Christmas. 

The  Newberry  library.  Sept.  1,  1919.  con- 
tained 387.000  books  and  pamphlets.  These 
are  not  circulated,  but  are  for  consultation 
and  use  within  the  library  building  The  li- 
brary is  free  to  the  public. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   CHICAGO   LIBRARY. 

At  the  university.  59th  and  Ellis  avenue. 
This  library  contained  July  1,  1919,  660  849 
volumes  and  200.000  pamphlets.  It  is  com- 
posed of  the  general  library  located  in  the 
Harper  Memorial  library  and  the  departmental 
libraries  located  in  the  various  departmental 
buildings.  It  is  primarily  intended  for  the 
use  of  the  faculty  and  students  of  the  uni- 
versity, but  residents  of  Chicago  engaged  in 
serious  study  are  permitted  to  use  the  read- 
ing rooms  of  the  general  library  and  of  the 
School  of  Education  and  others  may  have  the 
privilege  of  drawing  books  available  for  cir- 
culation upon  the  payment  of  a  fee  or  on 
recommendation  of  a  dean  or  head  of  a  de- 
partment of  instruction.  Properly  accredited 
scholars  visiting  Chicago  will  receive  compli- 
mentary cards  upon  application.  The  read- 
ing room  is  open  to  all.  The  director  of  the 
library  is  Ernest  D.  Burton:  the  associate  di- 
rector is  J.  C.  M.  Hanson. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


927 


THE  JOHN  CRERAR  LIBRARY. 
110  North  Wabash  avenue.  6th  floor. 
President— Marvin  Hughitt. 
Vice-Presidents — Thomas  D.  Jones   and   Robert 

Forsyth. 

Secretary— Walter  B.   Smith. 
Treasurer — William  J.  Louderback. 
Librarian— Clement   W.   Andrews. 
Board  of  Directors — Robert  T.  Lincoln,   Frank 
S.    Johnson,     Marvin    Hughitt,    Thomas    D. 
Jones.   John  J.   Mitchell,   Leonard  A.   Busby, 
Robert    Forsyth,    Chauncey    Keep,    Frederick 
H.    Rawson.    Albert    A.    Sprague    II.,    Walter 
B.  Smith.  Chauncey  B.  Borland  and  the  may- 
or and   the   comptroller   of   the  city   of   Chi- 
cago ex  officio. 

Hours — The  library  is  open  daily,  except 
Sunday,  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m. 

The  John  Crerar  library  contained  in  October. 
1919,  409.021  volumes  and  151,145  pamphlets 
on  the  social,  physical,  natural  and  medical 
sciences  and  their  applications.  They  cannot 
be  taken  from  the  library,  but  may  be  freely 
consulted  by  all  who  wish  to  do  so. 

CHICAGO    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY   LIBRARY. 

North  Dearborn  and  West  Ontario  streets. 
President— Clarence  A.  Burley. 
First    Vice-President — George    Merryweather. 
Second    Vice-President— Dr.    Otto    L.    Schmidt. 
Secretary — Seymour  Morris. 
Treasurer — Orson  Smith. 
Librarian— Caroline  M.  Mcllvaine. 
Executive       Committee— William       H.       Bush, 
Charles  F.  Gunther,  C.  J.  Hambleton,  Chaun- 
cey   Keep,    Julian    S.    Mason,    Seymour    Mor- 
ris,   Henry    J.    Patten,    Edward    L.    Ryerson. 
The    library,    museum    and    portrait    gallery 
are  open  free  to  the  public  from  9  a.   m.   to 
5   p.    m.    on   weekdays.      It   is   a  repository   of 
matter  relating  to  the  history  and  archaeology 
of     the    northwest,     particularly    of     Chicago, 
comprising    some   40,000   volumes   and    75,000 
pamphlets    and    a    large    collection    of    MSS., 
maps,    views,    etc..    illustrative    of    the    devel- 
opment of  Illinois   and   the   central   west. 

MUNICIPAL   REFERENCE   LIBRARY. 
1005  city  hall. 

The  municipal  reference  library  contain* 
books,  pamphlets  and  other  data  relating  to 
municipal  government  in  Chicago  and  other 
cities.  It  provides  and  renders  available  for 
the  use  of  members  of  the  Chicago  city  coun- 
cil, its  various  committees  and  special  com- 
missions and  municipal  department  and  bu- 
reau heads  and  other  city  officials  and  em- 
ployes public  reports,  documents,  books,  pam- 
phlets and  other  data  bearing  upon  municipal, 
legislative  and  administrative  projects,  plans 
and  proposals,  keeps  on  file  all  official  pub- 
lic reports  issued  by  the  various  governmental 
agencies  in  the  city  of  Chicago  and  the  an- 
nual reports,  charters  and  ordinances  of  other 
cities. 

The  library  is  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
and  until  12  m.  on  Saturday.  Frederick  Rex, 
municipal  reference  librarian. 

KYERSON    LIBRARY. 

Art  institute,  Michigan  avenue  and  Adams-st. 
The  Ryerson  library  of  the  Art  institute  is 
devoted  to  works  on  fine  art  and  travel.  It 
contains  about  13,000  volumes  and  collections 
of  36,000  photographs  and  19,000  lantern 
slides.  The  Burnham  Library  of  Architecture 
kept  in  the  Ryerson  library  contains  about 
3.600  books  on  architecture.  Open  daily 
from  9  to  5;  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fri- 
days until  9:30  p.  m.;  Sundays  2  to  8  p.  m. 
(Open  free  Wednesdays,  Saturdays,  Sundays 
and  three  evenings  from  6  to  9:30.)  The  li- 
brary ID  primarily  for  the  students  of  the  in- 
stitute, but  ie  practically  a  free  reference  li- 


brary   on    fine    art.      Librarian,    Sarah   Louise 
Mitchell. 

FIELD   MUSEUM   OF   NATURAL  HISTORY 

LIBRARY. 
Jackson  park. 

The  museum  library  occupies  three  rooms  in 
the  north  end  of  the  building  and  is  open  to 
the  public  every  weekday  from  9  a.  m.  to  4:30 
p.  m.  It  is  a  scientific  reference  library.  Visi- 
tors can  consult  books  by  making  application 
to  the  office  of  the  library.  The  magazines 
in  the  reading  room  are  accessible  to  the  pub- 
lic. Sept.  30,  1919,  the  library  contained  ap- 
proximately 70,000  books  and  pamphlets.  Li- 
brarian, Elsie  Lippincott. 

LEWIS  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY. 
West  Madison  and  Robey  streets. 
The  Lewis  institute  library  contains  about 
25,000  volumes  and  10,000  pamphlets.  The 
public  is  invited  to  use  the  library  for  ref- 
erence, but  books  are  loaned  only  to  instruc- 
tors and  students  of  the  institute.  Through- 
out the  school  year  the  library  is  open  from 
8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  daily  except  on  Saturday, 
when  it  closes  at  1  p.  m. ;  during  the  session 
of  the  night  school  the  library  is  also  open 
from  8  a.  m.  to  9:30  p.  m.  Librarian,  Miss 
Frances  S.  Talcott. 

ELBERT   H.    GARY    LAW   LIBRARY. 

Northwestern  University  building.  North  Dear- 
born and  West  Lake  streets,  Chicago. 
The  Gary  Library  of  Law  was  the  gift  of 
Elbert  H.  Gary  of  New  York,  N.  Y..  to  North- 
western University  Law  school.  It  is  open 
without  charge,  to  nonresident  lawyers  pre- 
senting satisfactory  credentials.  Resident 
lawyers  who  are  graduates  of  Northwestern 
University  Law  school  are  charged  a  registra- 
tion fee  of  $1  per  year  for  the  privilege  of 
using  the  library;  all  other  resident  lawyers 
are  charged  a  registration  fee  of  $4  a  year. 
The  library  in  1918  contained  about  46,000 
volumes.  Librarian,  F.  B.  Crossley. 

ST.  IGNATIUS  COLLEGE  LIBRARY. 

1076  West  12th  street. 

The  library  of  the  college  of  arts  of  Loyola 
university  contains  more  than  45,000  volumes 
for  the  use  of  the  faculty  and  students,  but 
may  be  consulted  by  others  on  application  to 
the  librarian.  Open  from  8  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 
Librarian,  James  Preuss,  S.  J. 

EVANSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 
Orrington  avenue  and  Church  street. 
Free  to  residents  of  Evanston  and  open  to 
others  on  payment  of  an  annual  fee  of  $2.50, 
or  25  cents  a  month.  Reference  department 
free  to  all.  Library  open  from  8:30  a.  m.  to 
9:30  p.  m.  weekdays.  Reading  room  open  from 
2  to  6  p.  m.,  Sundays,  except  during  July  and 
August,  and  holidays,  except  Jan.  1,  July  4, 
Thanksgiving  day  and  Dec.  25.  The  Coe  music 
collection,  which  contains  about  1,600  books. 
400  pieces  of  sheet  music  and  600  pianola 
rolls,  is  open  to  all.  The  medical  science 
room,  containing  over  900  medical  books  and 
periodicals,  is  open  to  resident  physicians  and 
nurses  and  to  others  by  special  arrangement. 
The  total  number  of  volumes  June  1,  1919. 
was  64,811.  Librarian.  Marcus  Skarstedt. 


OAK  PARK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

Grove  avenue  and  Lake  street.  Oak  Park. 

The  Oak  Park  public  library  contains  about 
35,000  volumes.  It  is  open  every  day  except 
Sundays  and  holidays  from  9  a.  m.  to  8:30 
p  m.;  south  branch,  Harrison  street  near  Gtin- 
derson  avenue,  open  afternoons  2  to  6  and  eve- 
nings 7  to  9.  Librarian.  Helen  A.  Barley. 


928 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


PULLMAN  PUBLIC   FREE  LIBRARY. 
73  to  77  Arcade  building,  Pullman,  111. 
Contains  10.000  volumes.   Library  open  from 
10   a.  m.   to  5 :30   p.   m.  and  in   the   evenings 
from    6:45    to    9    o'clock;    also    Sundays    and 
holidays,    2   to   6   p.   m.    Librarian,    Bertha    S. 
Ludlam:  assistants.  Freda  Grapes  and  Imog-ene 
Howell. 

HAMMOND  LIBRARY. 
5757  University  avenue. 

The  Hammond  library  of  the  Chicago  Theo- 
logical seminary  contains  over  33,000  volumes. 
It  is  intended  for  the  use  of  the  faculty  and 
students  of  the  Chicago  Theological  seminary, 
but  may  be  used  by  clergymen  and  others. 
The  library  is  open  on  weekdays  from  Oct.  5 
to  Aug.  31  from  9  a.  m.  to  12  m.  and  from 
1  to  5  p.  m.:  Saturdays,  9  a.  m  to  12  m; 
closed  Sundays.  Librarian.  Rev.  Harry  T.  Stock. 

VIRGINIA  LIBRARY. 

826  Belden  avenue. 

The  Virginia  library  of  the  McCormick  Theo- 
logical seminary  contains  about  46,000  vol- 
umes and  is  open  every  weekday  of  the  year, 
except  legal  holidays,  not  only  to  those  im- 
mpdiately  connected  with  the  seminary  but  to 
others  as  well.  The  hours  are  9  a.  m.  to 
5  p.  m.  and  7:30  to  9:30  p.  m.  while  the 
seminary  is  in  session,  and  the  same  during 
the,  vacations  with  the  exception  of  the  eve- 
ning hours  and  Saturday  afternoons.  Libra- 
rian, Rev.  John  F.  Lyons. 

GARRETT  BIBLICAL  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY. 
Evanston,  HI. 

This  is  a  reference  library  of  theology  for 
the  use  of  the  faculty  and  students  of  the 
institute  and  neighboring  clergymen,  but  open 
to  the  public  October  to  September  from  8 
a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  and  from  7  to  10  p.  m.  Oct. 
1,  1919,  the  library  contained  64.306  volumes 
and  17,120  pamphlets.  Librarian,  Doremus  A. 
Hayes;  assistant  librarian  in  charge,  Samuel 
G.  Ayres. 

CHICAGO  LAW  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY. 

1025  County  building. 
President — Gabriel  J.   Norden. 
Secretary — Alfred  E.  Barr. 
Treasurer— James  Rosenthal. 
Librarian— William   H.   Holden. 

The  library  contains  about  65.000  volumes. 

CHILDREN'S  SCIENCE  LIBRARY. 
The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences,  Lincoln 
park,  contains  more  than  500  volumes  for 
children  on  natural  history,  including  plants, 
animals,  astronomy,  geography  and  industries. 
The  reading  room  is  open  from  9  a.  m.  to 
5  p.  m.  each  weekday. 

MAYWOOD  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

South  5th  avenue  near  St.  Charles  avenue. 

The  Maywood  public  library,  the  building 
for  which  was  given  by  Andrew  Carnegie,  in 
May.  1919,  contained  8,250  books  and  pam- 
phlets. Householders  or  persons  vouched  for  by 
householders  have  the  privilege  of  taking  out 
books.  The  library,  which  contains  a  large 
reading  room,  is  open  from  10  a.  m.  to  9  P.  m., 
except  Sundays  and  holidays.  Librarian,  Lottie 
M.  Ingram. 


FIRE  UNDERWRITERS'  ASSOCIATION 
LIBRARY. 

Room  2132,  175  West  Jackson  boulevard. 

The  library  of  the  Fire  Underwriters'  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Northwest  contains  4,500  bound 
volumes,  containing  information  relative  to 
fire  insurance  and  allied  subjects.  Library 
open  from  9 :30  a.  m.  to  3  p.  m.,  except  Sat- 
urdays, when  it  is  closed  at  1  o'clock. 

The  library  of  the  Fire  Insurance  club  of 
Chicago,  room  2132  Insurance  Exchange  build- 
ing, 175  West  Jackson  boulevard,  contains  800 
volumes  on  fire  insurance.  Hours  same  as 
above.  Librarian,  Janet  C.  McFarland. 

NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES. 

Evanston  and  Chicago. 

The  Northwestern  university  libraries  con- 
tained r75,431  bound  volumes  and  141,693 
pamphlets  July  1,  1918.  The  Evanston  part 
of  the  library  is  open  during  the  college  year 
from  8  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  daily,  except  Sunday, 
and  during  the  summer  vacation  from  8  a.  m. 
to  12  m.  and  from  1:30  to  5  p.  m.  The  build- 
ing is  known  as  the  Orrington  Lunt  library. 
Other  parts  of  the  Northwestern  university 
libraries  are  located  in  Northwestern  univer- 
sity building.  North  Dearborn  and  West  Lake 
streets,  Chicago,  and  in  the  Northwestern  Medi- 
cal school,  25th  and  South  Dearborn  streets, 
Chicago.  Librarian  (vacancy). 

WESTERN  SOCIETY  OF  ENGINEERS. 

1735  Monadnock  block. 

The  technical  library  maintained  by  this 
society  contains  about  10.000  volumes  upon 
the  subject  of  engineering.  Members  of  the 
society  may  borrow  bO9ks  from  the  collection. 
Nonmembers  may  receive  this  privilege  upon 
the  deposit  of  a  required  amount.  The  library 
is  open  to  the  public  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.. 
(except  Saturday,  when  the  hours  are  from 
9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.).  Secretary,  Edgar  S. 
Nethercut;  librarian,  Virginia  Savage. 

PORTLAND    CEMENT    ASSOCIATION 

LIBRARY. 

Room  1543  Conway  building.  111  West  Wash- 
ington street. 

The  library  of  the  Portland  Cement  associa- 
tion is  a  reference  library  on  the  literature  of 
the  cement  industry.  It  contains  some  2.000 
books,  6,000  pamphlets  and  4.000  mounted 
clippings.  The  library  is  open  from  8:30  a.  m. 
to  5 :15  p.  m.,  except  on  Saturdays,  when  it 
closes  at  1  o'clock.  It  is  a  free  public 
reference  library.  Librarian,  Mary  A.  Hatha- 
way.   

NATIONAL     SAFEIY     COUNCIL     LIBRARY 

AND    INFORMATION   BUREAU. 
Federal  Life  Building,    168   N.  Michigan  Ave. 

The  Library  of  the  National  Safety  Coun- 
cil is  a  working  reference  library  specializ- 
ing in  safety  literature.  The  library  files  con- 
tain interesting  data  on  hundreds  of  specific 
questions  on  accident  prevention,  industrial  re- 
lations, and  allied  problems.  The  library  is 
open  to  the  public  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 
daily,  except  on  Saturdays,  when  it  closes  at  1 
p.  m.,  and  is  closed  on  Sundays  and  legal  holi- 
days. Librarian.  Mary  B.  Day. 


BEEF 


No.  cattle.  No.  hogs. 

2.163.976  6.713.086 

1.918.665  5,990.430 

1.988.955  6.138.063 

1.988,504  6.027.433 

1.817.737  6.205,410 


AND    PORK    PACKING    IN    CHICAGO. 

Years  ended  March  1. 

Years.        No.  cattle.  No.  hogs.  Years. 

1908-9...  1.637.295    6.263,606  1913-14. 

1909-10.. 1.698.921    5,133.578  1914-15. 

1910-11.. 1.735. 189    4.820.899  1915-16. 

1911-12.. 1,733. 188    6.294.251  1916-17. 

1912-13.. 1,639.364    7.816.625  1917-18. 


No.  cattle.  No.  hogs. 
.1.520.440  6.154.932 
.1.442.870  6,079.473 
.1.962,048  7.256.936 
.2.073.553  7.757.726 
.2.411.750  6.284.586 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


929 


CHICAGO   PARKS  AND  BOULEVARDS. 


LINCOLN  PARK  SYSTEM. 

CommiBsi oners  (appointed  by  governor  with 
consent  of  senate) — Francis  T.  Simmons, 
John  H.  Hardin.  Andrew  Lanquist.  Albert  W. 
Goodrich,  Bertram  M.  Winston,  Samuel  M. 
Felton,  William  Wrigley.  Jr. 

Officers— President,  Francis  T.  Simmons:  vice- 
president,  John  H.  Hardin:  auditor,  Andrew 
Lanquist;  secretary  and  superintendent.  John 
C.  Cannon:  advisory  counsel,  Emil  C.  Wet- 
ten:  treasurer.  Frederick  H.  Rawson. 

Office—  In  Lincoln  park  near  Clark  and  Center 
streets. 
The    Lincoln    park    district    consists    of    the 

towns  of  North  Chicago  and  Lake  View,  with 

Fullerton   avenue  as  the  dividing  line,   and  is 

bounded   on   the   north   by   Devon   avenue,    on 

the   south   by   the   Chicago    river,    and   extends 

from  Lake  Michigan  on  the  east  to  the  north 

branch  of  the  river  and  North  Western  avenue 

on   the  west. 
The    area    of    the    Lincoln    park    district    is 

12.64    equare    miles.      The   total    area    of    the 

parks    and   boulevards    is    642.63    acres,    with 

11.755  miles  of  boulevards. 

Lincoln  Park— Lincoln  park,  previously  known 
as  Lake  park,  began  its  history  under  its 
present  name  by  resolution  passed  by  the 
common  council  of  Chicago  under  date  01 
June  5.  1865.  The  park  proper  is  317  acres 
in  extent  and  extends  from  Diversey  boule- 
vard to  Oak  street  along  the  lake  front. 
To  this  200.59  acres  of  land  has  been 
added  by  filling  in  Lake  Michigan  north  of 
Diversey  boulevard.  This  extension  contains 
a  57  acre  yacht  harbor.  The  park  contains 
a  large  floral  department,  also  an  extensive 
zoological  garden  containing  about  1.800  ani- 
mals. Boating  and  bathing  facilities  are 
furnished  and  the  park  lagoon — one  mile  in 
length— gives  an  admirable  course  for  racing. 
The  Academy  of  Sciences  is  located  in  the 
park  at  the  foot  of  Center  street.  This 
building  was  erected  in  1893  and  contains 
about  250.000  specimens.  It  is  noted  for  its 
collection  of  local  natural  history  specimens 
and  for  its  complete  collection  of  mollusks. 
The  park  has  provided  facilities  for  outdoor 
frames  during  both  the  winter  and  summer 
seasons. 

Stanton  Park— At  Vedder.  Vine  and  Rees 
streets:  area  4.78  acres;  equipped  with  field- 
house  and  outdoor  gym  facilities. 

Lake  Bhore  Playground— Area  9.16  acres:  is 
Situated  between  Pearson  street  and  Chicago 
avenue,  extending  from  the  Chicago  avenue 
pumping  works  to  the  lake.  This  park"  is 
fitted  up  as  a  playground,  containing  a  shel- 
ter house,  and  with  outdoor  and  indoor  gym- 
nasium apparatus. 

Seward  Park — Contains  1.78  acres:  is  fitted 
with  outdoor  and  indoor  gymnasium  and  has 
a  fieldhouse  which  contains  reading  rooms, 
assembly  hall,  clubrooms,  a  branch  of  the 
public  library  and  facilities  for  gymnastic 
work  and  aquatic  sports. 

Hamlin  Park— Wellington  avenue  and  Robey 
street:  area  8.64  acres:  is  fully  equipped 
with  fieldhouse  and  out-of-door  gymnasium 
facilities. 

Welles  Park— Western  avenue  and  Montrose 
boulevard:  fieldhouse  and  out-of-door  gym- 
nasium facilities:  area  8.17  acres. 

Gowdy  Square— Goethe  street  on  the  north  and 
Astor  street  on  the  west:  area  .46  acre. 

Length    of    North    Side   Boulevards. 

In  miles  and  fractions  of  miles. 
Dearborn  parkway,  .120. 
Diversey  parkway.  2.302. 
Fullerton  parkway.   .510. 


Garfield  parkway,   .026. 
Lake  Shore  drive.  2.262. 
Lincoln  parkway.   .530. 
North  avenue,    .275. 
Lincoln  Park  West.  .448. 
Sheridan  road.  6.056. 
North     State     parkway. 

SOUTH  PARKS. 

Commissioners  (appointed  by  Circuit  court 
judges) — Albert  Mohr,  Charles  L.  Hutchin- 
son.  L.  B.  Patterson.  John  Barton  Payne, 
John  Bain. 

Officers— John  Barton  Payne,  president:  Albert 
Mohr,  auditor:  William  A.  Tilden,  treasurer; 
John  F.  Neil,  secretary:  Roy  O.  West,  attor- 
ney: J.  F.  Foster,  general  superintendent; 
H.  C.  Carbaugh.  superintendent  of  employ- 
ment. 

Offices— In  Washington  park,  57th  street  and 
Cottage  Grove  avenue. 

The  south  park  district  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  Chicago  river  and  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  canal,  east  by  Lake  Michigan 
and  the  state  of  Indiana,  south  by  87th  street 
and  138th  street  and  west  by  South  Cicero 
avenue  and  State  street. 

The  area  of  the  south  park  district  is  92.0 
square  miles,  population  is  in  excess  of  800.- 
000.  The  total  area  of  parks  is  2.043.98 
acres  and  of  parks  and  boulevards  2.494.59 
acres,  consisting  of  twenty-four  parks  and 
32.98  miles  of  boulevards.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  the  parks  and  boulevards: 

Jackson  Park — Area  542.89  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  56th  street,  east  by  Lake  Mich- 
igan, south  by  67th  street  and  west  by  Stony 
Island  avenue:  this  park  is  provided  with 
facilities  for  boating,  rowboats  and  launches, 
has  two  golf  courses,  one  of  nine  holes  and 
the  other  eighteen  holes,  with  golf  shelter, 
lockers  and  showers  for  both  men  and  wom- 
en: it  has  baseball  and  football  fields,  tennis 
courts,  refectory,  beach  bathing,  music 
court  and  in  the  winter  skating  is  provided. 
It  also  has  a  playground  for  small  chil- 
dren. The  commissioners  have  completed 
and  in  operation  a  new  bathing  beach  at 
the  foot  of  63d  street,  extended.  This  beach 
and  its  equipment  is  undoubtedly  one  of  the 
finest  in  the  country  and  has  a  capacity  of 
taking  care  of  from  6.000  to  10.000  bathers 
every  two  hours.  Everything  is  absolutely 
free,  including  bathing  suits,  towels  and 
shower  baths. 

Washington  Park— Area  371  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  51st  street,  east  by  Cottage 
Grove  .avenue,  south  by  60th  street,  west 
by  South  Park  avenue:  has  the  same  ac- 
commodations for  the  public  as  Jackson  park 
except  the  golf  facilities  and  the  beach 
and  in  addition  has  roque  courts,  archery 
range,  accommodations  for  fly  casting,  wad- 
ing pool  and  sand  court  for  children  and  a 
house  for  the  game  of  curling. 

Marquette  Park— Area  322.68  acres:  bounded 
on  the  north  by  67th  street,  east  by  Cali- 
fornia avenue,  south  by  71st  street  and  west 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Western  railroad.  The 
east  80  acres  has  been  improved.  It  has 
ball  fields  and  tennis  courts  and  skating  in 
the  winter.  It  also  has  an  eighteen  hole 
golf  course. 

Grant  Park— Area  205.14  acres;  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Randolph  street,  east  by  Lake 
Michigan,  south  by  Park  row.  west  by  Mich- 
igan avenue.  This  park  is  under  construc- 
tion. Temporary  provision  is  made  for  ath- 
letic work  in  the  northern  part  of  the  park. 
The  Logan  monument,  the  airplane  mail 


930 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920.. 


landing:  place  and  the  Art  Institute  are  lo- 
oated  in  this  park. 

Midway  Plaisance— The  connecting1  way  be- 
tween  Washington  and  Jackson  parks:  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  59th  street,  east  by  Stony 
Island  avenue,  south  by  60th  street,  west 
by  Cottage  Grove  avenue.  Has  tennis 
courts  and  in  the  winter  skating  and  hockey. 

McKinley  Park— Area  74.88  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  37th  street  and  Archer  avenue, 
east  by  Robey  street,  south  by  39th  street, 
west  by  Western  Avenue  boulevard.  Has 
swimming1  pool,  outdoor  gymnasiums  for  men 
and  women,  tennis  courts,  ball  field,  chil- 
dren's playground,  wading  pool  and  skating1 
in  the  winter.  Modern  and  complete  recre- 
ation buildings  have  been  provided. 

Gagre  Park— Area  20  acres:  situated  at  the 
intersection  ol  Western  avenue  and  55th 
street.  Has  wading  pool,  ball  field  and 
tennis  court. 

Sherman  Park — Area  60.6  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  52d  street,  east  by  South  Ra- 
cine avenue,  south  by  Garfield  boulevard, 
west  by  Lopmis  street.  Has  recreation  build- 
ings which  include  an  assembly  hall  used  by 
the  people  free  of  charge  for  various  en- 
tertainments, clubrooms  for  meetings  of  the 
various  clubs  of  the  community,  reading 
room  supplied  with  periodicals  by  the  park 
commissioners,  gymnasiums  for  men  and  for 
women,  shower  and  plunge  baths  and  locker 
rooms.  There  are  also  outdoor  gymnasiums 
for  men  and  women,  playground  for  chil- 
dren, wading  pool  and  swimming  pool  with 
the  necessary  dressing-  booths.  Provision  is 
made  lor  baseball,  football,  tennis  and  boat- 
ing. There  is  also  a  band  stand  from  which 
concerts  are  given  during1  the  summer  every 
Sunday  evening.  Also  skating  in  the  winter. 

Ogtlen  Park — Area  60.56  acres:  bounded  on  the 
north  by  64th  street,  east  by  South  Racine 
avenue,  south  by  67th  street,  west  by  Loomis 
street.  The  same  facilities  for  recreation  and 
pleasure  are  provided  as  in  Sherman  park. 

Palmer  Park — Area  40.48  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  lllth  street,  east  by  South 
Park  avenue,  south  by  113th  street,  west 
by  Indiana  avenue.  The  same  facilities  for 
recreation  and  pleasure  are  provided  as  in 
Sherman  park,  except  boating. 

Hamilton  Park— Area  29.95  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  72d  street,  east  by  C..  R.  I.  &  P. 
railway,  south  by  74th  street,  west  by  C.  & 
W.  I.  railway.  The  same  facilities  for  recre- 
ation and  pleasure  are  provided  as  in  Sher- 
man park,  except  swimming1  pool  and  boat- 
ins1. 

Bessemer  Park— Area  22.88  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  89th  street,  east  by  Muskegon 
avenue,  south  by  91st  street,  west- by  South 
Chicago  avenue.  The  same  facilities  as  Sher- 
man park  except  boating. 

Mark  White  Square — Area  10  acres:  bounded 
on  the  north  by  29th  street,  east  by  Halsted 
street,  south  by  30th  street,  west  by  Poplar 
avenue.  The  same  facilities  as  Sherman 
park  except  boating. 

Armour  Square— Area  10  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  33d  street,  east  by  Wells 
street,  south  by  34th  street,  west  by  Shields 
avenue.  The  same  facilities  as  Sherman 
park  except  boating1. 

Cornell  Square — Area  10  acres:  bounded  on  the 
north  by  50th  street,  west  by  South  Lincoln 
etreet.  south  by  51st  street,  east  by  Wood 
street.  The  same  facilities  as  Sherman  park 
except  boating. 

Davis  Square— Area  10  acres:  bounded  on  the 
north  by  44th  street,  east  by  Marshfield  ave- 
nue, south  by  45th  stieet,  west  by  Hermi- 
tage avenue.  The  same  facilities  as  Sherman 
park  except  boating:. 


Russell  Square — Area  11.47  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  83d  street,  east  by  Bond  ave- 
nue, south  by  Baker  avenue,  west  by  Hous- 
ton avenue.  The  same  facilities  as  Sherman 
park  except  boating. 

Calumet  Park — Area  66.19  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  95th  street,  east  by  Lake  Mich- 
igan, south  by  102d  street,  west  by  Avenue 
G  and  a  line  about  50  feet  east  of  C..  L.  S. 
&  E.  railway.  A  bathing  pavilion  is  located 
at  99th  street. 

Hardin  Square— Area  7.41  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  25th  street,  east  by  the  Rock 
Island  right  of  way,  south  by  26th  street, 
west  by  Wentworth  avenue;  the  same  facili- 
ties as  at  Sherman  park  except  boating1. 

Fuller  Park — Area  10  acres:  bounded  on  the 
north  by  4^th  street,  east  by  Princeton  ave- 
nue, south  by  46th  place,  west  by  Stewart 
avenue.  Improved  with  same  facilities  as 
Sherman  park. 

Grand  Crossing  Park— Area  19.16  acres:  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  76th  street,  east  by  Dob- 
son  avenue,  south  by  78th  street,  west  by 
Ingleside  avenue;  the  same  facilities  as  at 
Sherman  park. 

Lyman  Trumbull  Park— Area  18.52  acres: 
bounded  on  the  north  by  103d  street,  east  by 
Bensley  avenue,  south  by  105th  street,  west 
by  Oglesby  avenue;  same  facilities  ai  at 
Sherman  park. 

No.  17  Park — Area  20  acres:  bounded  on  the 
north  by  130th  street,  east  by  Carondelet 
avenue,  south  by  132d  street,  west  by  Ex- 
change avenue. 

No.  18  Park— Area  20.19  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  90th  street,  east  by  St.  Law- 
rence avenue,  south  by  91st  street,  west  by 
South  Park  avenue. 

Michigan  Avenue— 80  to  100  feet  wide:  from 
Garfield  boulevard  to  Randolph  street. 

Garfield  Boulevard— 200  feet  wide:  from 
South  Park  avenue  to  Western  Avenue  boule- 
vard on  the  line  of  55th  street. 

Western  Avenue  Boulevard— 200  feet  wide:  a 
strip  of  land  east  of  and  adjoining1  the  center 
line  of  Western  avenue  from  the  Illinois  and 
Michig-an  canal  to  55th  street  (Garfleld  boule- 
vard. 

Grand  Boulevard — 198  feet  wide:  on  the  line 
of  South  Park  avenue  from  35th  to  51st 
street. 

Drexel  Boulevard— 200  feet  wide:  first  street 
east  of  Cottage  Grove  avenue  and  extending: 
from  Oakwood  boulevard  to  51st  street. 

Prairie  Avenue — 66  feet  wide:  the  street  of 
that  name  from  16th  to  29th  street. 

South  Park  Avenue — 66  feet  wide:  being1  the 
street  of  that  name  between  35th  and  29th 
streets  and  also  between  51st  and  60th 
streets. 

Jackson  Boulevard— 66  feet  wide:  being1  the 
street  of  that  name  extending-  from  Michi- 
g-an avenue  to  the  south  branch  ol  the  Chi- 
cago river. 

Oakwood  Boulevard— 100  feet  wide:  the  first 
street  south  of  39th  street,  between  Grand 
boulevard  and  Cottage  Grove  avenue. 

Thirty-Third  Street— 66  feet  wide:  being  the 
street  of  that  name  between  Michigan  ave- 
nue and  South  Park  avenue. 

Sixteenth  Street— 50  feet  wide:  being-  the  street 
of  that  name  between  Michigan  avenue  and 
Prairie  avenue. 

Twenty-Ninth  Street — 66  feet  wide:  being-  the 
street  of  that  name  between  Prairie  avenue 
and  South  Park  avenue. 

Fifty-Seventh  Street— 100  feet  wide:  being  the 
street  of  that  name  between  the  I.  C.  rail- 
road right  of  way  and  the  west  line  of  Jack- 
son park. 

Marquette  Road— 66  feet  wide:  being  the  street 
of  that  name  from  Jackson  park  to  Cali- 
fornia avenue. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Normal  Avenue— 66   feet   wide;    from   Garfield 

boulevard   to   72d   street. 
Loomis  Street— 66  feet  wide;  being-  the  street 

of    that    name    from    Garfield    boulevard    to 

67th    street. 
Hyde    Park    Boulevard— 100    feet    wide:    being 

that  part  of  51st  street  between  Drexel  ave- 
nue   and   Jackson    park. 
South  Shore  Drive— 100  feet  wide:   runs  from 

Jackson   park  to   71st    street   and   thence   to 

83d  place. 

WEST  CHICAGO  PARKS. 

Commissioners  (appointed  by  governor  with 
consent  of  senate)— John  I.  Bag-dziunas,  Wil- 
liam Ganschow,  William  F.  Grower,  Jens  C. 
Hansen,  Richard  J.  Powers,  I.  Shapiro,  John 
F.  Smulski. 

Officers-^Richard  J.  Powers,  president:  John 
Bagdziunas,  auditor;  William  Ganschow, 
treasurer:  I.  Shapiro,  secretary:  John  A. 
Pelka,  clerk  of  the  board:  Jens  Jensen,  con- 
sulting landscape  architect:  Alfred  C.  Schra- 
der,  superintendent  and  engineer;  Robert  E. 
Gentzel.  attorney:  W.  W.  Smith,  superin- 
tendent of  employment:  Edwin  S.  Prouty. 
captain  of  police. 

Office— Union  park.  Lake  street  and  Ashland 
boulevard. 

The  west  park  district  comprises  all  that  part 
of  the  town  of  West  Chicago  lying  between 
the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  and  the  Chicago 
river  and  the  following  described  lines:  Begin- 
ning at  the  north  branch  of  the  Chicago  river 
at  Belmont  avenue,  thence  west  to  North 
Kedzie  avenue,  thence  south  along  Kedzie  ave- 
nue to  North  avenue,  thence  west  on  North 
avenue  to  North  Austin  avenue,  thence  south 
along  Austin  avenue  to  West  Roosevelt  road, 
thence  east  along  Roosevelt  road  to  South  Ken- 
ton  avenue,  thence  south  along  Kenton  avenue 
to  West  39th  street,  thence  east  along  39th 
street  to  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal. 

The  area  of  the  west  park  district  is  35.5 
square  miles.  The  total  area  of  the  parks  and 
boulevards  is  1,258.15  acres,  consisting1  of 
nineteen  parks  and  playground  areas  and 
29.527  miles  of  boulevard;  area  of  parks, 
813.27  acres.  The  following-  is  a  list  of  the 

garks  and  boulevards: 
umboldt  Park— Area  205.86  acres:  bounded 
on  the  north  by  West  North  avenue,  east  by 
California  and  Sacramento  avenues,  south  by 
Division  and  Augusta  streets  and  west  by 
Kedzie  avenue:  has  rose  garden  with  pergola 
and  garden  hall  and  fountains;  refectory 
building,  also  a  pavilion  and  boat  landing; 
music  court,  a  wading  pool  and  shelter  for 
children:  is  provided  with  facilities  for  boat- 
ing, has  baseball  diamonds  and  tennis  courts, 
and  in  winter  skating  is  provided. 

Garfield  Park— Area  187.53  acres;  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Kinzie  and  Lake  streets,  east 
by  Central  Park  and  Homan  avenues,  south 
by  Madison  street  and  Colorado  avenue,  west 
by  Hamlin  avenue.  Has  a  conservatory  (the 
largest  in  the  country),  refectory  building, 
outdoor  natatorium.  boat  landing  and  pavil- 
ion, music  court  and  bandstand,  water  courts 
with  fountain,  basin  and  extensive  flower 
gardens.  Has  a  golf  course,  with  fieldhouse 
containing  lockers  for  men  and  wom^n;  also 
has  tennis  courts  and  facilities  for  fly  cast- 
ing, and  in  winter  skating  is  provided. 

Douglas  Park— Area  181.99  acres;  bounded  on 
the  north  by  West  RooseveH  road,  east  by 
California  avenue,  south  by  West,  19th  street 
and  west  by  Albany  avenue.  Has  refectory 
building  and  pavilion,  music  court,  flower 
gardens,  outdoor  gymnasiums  and  natatorium. 
with  swimming  pools,  shower  baths  and 
dressing  rooms  for  men  and  women.  Facili- 
ties are  provided  for  baseball,  boating  and 
lawn  tennis,  and  in  winter  skating  is  pro- 


Union  Park— Area  17.37  acres:  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Lake  street,  east  by  Ogden  avenue 
and  Bryan  place,  south  by  Warren  avenue 
and  west  by  Ashland  boulevard.  In  this  park 
the  offices  of  the  West  Chicago  park  com- 
missioners are  located.  Facilities  are  provid- 
ed for  lawn  tennis  during  the  summer  and 
skating  during  the  winter.  An  outdoor  nata- 
torium for  the  summer  months,  and  shower 
baths  are  open  all  year.  A  children's  play- 
ground with  wading  pool,  sand  court  and 
play  apparatus. 

Jefferson  Park — Area  7.02  acres;  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Monroe  street,  east  by  Throop 
street,  south  by  Adams  street  and  west  by 
Loomis  street. 

Vernon  Park— Area  6.14  acres:  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Macalister  place,  east  by  South  Ra-. 
cine  avenue,  south  by  Gilpin  place  and  west 
by  Loomis  street. 

Wicker  Park— Area  4.03  acres:  bounded  on  the 
north  and  east  by  Wicker  Park  avenue,  south 
by  Fowler  street  and  west  by  Robey  street. 

Holstein  Park— Area  2.841  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Lyndale  street,  south  by  Ham- 
burg street,  and  located  one  block  east  of 
Western  avenue.  A  fieldhouse  has  been  pro- 
vided containing  gymnasiums  and  shower 
baths  for  men  and  women,  library  and  read- 
ing room  and  assembly  hall.  Has  an  out- 
door gymnasium  and  playfield  and  children's 
playground,  and  in  winter  skating  is  pro- 
vided. 

Campbell  Park— Area  1.38  acres:  a  strip  of 
land  100  feet  wide  lying  between  Oakley 
boulevard  and  Leavitt  street  and  one  block 
north  of  Polk  street. 

Shedd's  Park— Area  1.13  acres:  located  at  23d 
street  and  Millard  avenue,  opposite  Lawndale 
station  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad  company.  A  library  and  reading1 
room,  and  assembly  hall. 

Bernard  A.  Eckhart  Park— Area  8.125  acres: 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Cornell  street,  east 
by  Chase  street,  south  by  Chicago  avenue 
and  west  by  Noble  street.  A  fieldhouse  has 
been  provided  containing  gymnasium  and 
shower  baths  for  men  and  women,  lunch- 
rooms, library  and  reading  room  and  assem- 
bly hall ;  also  an  outdoor  swimming  pool 
with  shower  baths  and  dressing  rooms  for 
men  and  women.  An  outdoor  gymnasium 
for  men  and  women,  playfield  with  wading 
pool  and  sand  courts  for  children  and  tennis 
courts  and  ball  grounds  have  been  provided: 
also  skating  in  the  winter. 

Stanford  Park — Area  2.89  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Barber  street,  east  by  Jefferson 
street,  south  by  14th  place  and  west  by 
South  Union  avenue.  In  this  park  the  same 
facilities  for  recreation  and  pleasure  are  pro- 
vided as  in  the  small  parks  and  playgrounds 
mentioned  above. 

Dvorak  Park — Area  3.85  acres:  bounded  on 
the  north  by  20th  street,  east  by  Fisk  street, 
south  by  21st  street  and  west  by  May  street. 
The  same  facilities  for  recreation  and  pleas- 
ure are  provided  as  in  Eckhart  park. 

Franklin  Park— Area  8.26  acres:  bounded  by 
West  14th  street.  West  15th  street.  South 
Tripp  avenue  and  South  Kolin  avenue.  Base- 
ball and  skating  facilities  are  provided.  An 
outdoor  natatorium  for  summer  months,  and 
shower  baths  the  whole  year:  an  outdoor 
gymnasium  for  men  and  women  and  a  play- 
field  with  wading  pool,  sand  court  and  play 
apparatus. 

Pulaski  Park— Area  3.8  acres:  bounded  by  No- 
ble. BlPckhfwk,  Cleaver  and  Bradley  streets: 
contains  elpbo^fte  fieldhouse.  swimming  pool 
and  other  facilities  for  recreation.-. 

Harrison  Park — Area  8.°44  po^es:  bcrundpd  by 
West  18th  street.  West  19th  street  South 
Wood  street  and  South  Lincoln  street.  An 


932 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


outdoor  natatorium  has  been  provided,  also 
the  necessary  facilities  for  baseball  and  skat- 
ing1. An  outdoor  grymnasium  for  men  and 
women  and  a  playground  for  the  children. 
with  wading-  pool,  sand  court  and  play  ap- 
paratus and  children's  gardens. 

Sheridan  Park— Area  3.57  acres:  bounded*  by 
Polk.  May  and  Aberdeen  streets  and  first 
east  and  west  16-foot  alley  north  of  Tay- 
lor street.  An  outdoor  natatorium  has  been 
provided,  together  with  an  outdoor  grymna- 
sium for  men  and  women,  children's  play- 
ground and  a  large  field  for  baseball  and 
skating-.  Shower  baths  are  open  the  whole 
year. 

Humboldt  Park  Natatorium  and  Playground- 
Area  1,057  acres;  adjacent  to  Humboldt  park 
on  the  south,  at  the  southwest  corner  of 
North  Sacramento  boulevard  and  Augusta 
street.  Contains  an  outdoor  natatorium  and 
children's  playfield,  with  sand  court,  wading 
pool  and  children's  playground  apparatus. 

Columbus  Park— Area  154  acres:  bounded  by 
Adams  street.  Central  avenue.  Austin  ave- 
nue and  the  right  of  way  of  the  Aurora,  El- 
gin &  Chicago  Railway  company:  baseball, 
g-olf.  tennis  and  skatine:  provided  for. 

Altgeld  Park— Area  5.16  acres:  lying-  in  the 
center  of  South  Talman  avenue,  between  the 
north  line  of  West  Harrison  street  and  the 
south  line  of  West  Van  Buren  street.  To 
be  provided  with  shelter,  pool  and  other 
playground  facilities.  Site  acauired  in  June. 

New  Small  Park  Site— Bounded  by  Hirsch 
street.  Lavergne  and  Potomac  avenues  and 
Laramie  avenue;  purchased  May  27,  1919; 
area  17.353  acres. 

West  Adams  Boulevard — .492  mile  long  and  66 
feet  wide:  from  South  Central  avenue  to 
South  Austin  boulevard. 

Ashland  Boulevard— 1.26  miles  long-,  100  feet 
wide:  North,  from  West  Lake  street,  south 
to  West  Madison  street;  South,  from  West 
Madison  street,  south  to  West  12th  street. 

North  and  South  Austin  Boulevard— 3  miles 
long.  66  feet  to  80  feet  in  width;  from 
West  Roosevelt  road  to  West  North  avenue. 

South  California  Boulevard— .692  mile  long, 
from  West  Twenty-Fourth  Street  boulevard 
south  to  Went  Thirty-First  Street  boulevard. 

Central  Park  Boulevard— .448  mile  long.  80 
feet  wide;  North,  from  Franklin  boulevard 
to  Garfield  park  (Kinzie  street)  ;  South,  from 
West  Madison  street  to  Colorado  avenue. 
along1  the  east  side  of  Garfleld  park. 

Douglas  Boulevard— .877  mile  long.  250  feet 
wide;  from  Independence  boulevard  east  to 
Douglas  park  (Albany  avenue). 

Franklin  Boulevard — .763  mile  long,  250  to 
400  feet  wide;  west  from  North  Sacramento 
boulevard  to  North  Central  Park  boulevard, 
and  from  North  Central  Park  boulevard  to 
Garfield  park  (Kinzie  street)  :  connecting1 
Humboldt  and  Garfield  parks. 

North  Homan  Boulevard— .254  mile  long:  from 
West  Madison  street  to  West  Lake  street. 
along1  the  east  side  of  Garfield  park. 

:Humboldt  Boulevard— .834  mile  long.  100  feet 
to  400  feet  wide:  from  Palmer  square  to 
Humboldt  park  (North  avenue). 

Independence  Boulevard— .819  mile  long1,  from 
Garfield  park  (Colorado  avenue)  south  to 
Douglas  boulevard. 

West' Jackson  Boulevard — 6.195  miles  long, 
from  66  to  80  feet  wide;  from  the  Chicago 
river  west  to  South  Central  avenue  in  Aus- 
tin, passing  through  Garfield  park,  a  contin- 
uation of  Jackson  boulevard  on  the  south 
side. 

North  Kedzie  Boulevard— .423  mile  long;  from 
Logan  boulevard  to  Palmer  square. 

-Logan  Boulevard — 1.366  miles  long;    from  the 


Diversey  avenue  bridge  to  North  Kedzie 
boulevard,  connecting  ihe  west  park  system 
with  the  Lincoln  park  system  on  the  north. 

Marshall  Boulevard— .505  mile  long.  260  feet 
wide;  from  Douglas  park  (19th  street) 
south  to  West  Twenty-Fourth  Street  boule- 
vard. 

Oakley  Boulevard— 3  miles  long;  North,  from 
West  North  avenue,  south  to  West  Madison 
street:  South,  from  West  Madison  street  to 
intersection  of  Oakley,  Ogrden  and  Roosevelt 
Road  boulevards. 

Ogden  Boulevard— .74  mile  long,  from  70  to 
112  feet  wide;  from  Douglas  park  (Albany 
avenue)  to  Oakley  boulevard. 

Palmer  Square — .327  mile  long-;  from  North 
Kedzie  boulevard  to  Humboldt  boulevard. 

Sacramento  Boulevard  —  2.213  miles  long; 
North,  from  West  Madison  street  to  Hum- 
boldt park  (Augusta  street) :  South,  from 
West  Madison  street  to  Doug-las  park  (Roose- 
velt road). 

West  Thirty-First  Street  Boulevard— .5  mile 
long:  from  South  California  boulevard  east 
to  South  Western  Avenue  boulevard. 

West  Roosevelt  Road  Boulevard— .896  mile 
long.  70  feet  wide:  from  Oakley  boulevard 
to  Ashland  boulevard;  a  continuation  of 
West  Roosevelt  road. 

West  Twenty-Fourth  Street  Boulevard— .217 
mile  long,  east  from  Marshall  boulevard  to 
South  California  boulevard. 

West  Washington  Boulevard— 6.319  miles  long. 
66  to  100  feet  wide:  from  Canal  street  west 
to  city  limits:  through  Union  park  and  Gar- 
field  park,  a  continuation  of  Washington 
street  on  the  south  side. 

South  Western  Avenue  Boulevard— .258  mile 
long;  from  West  Thirty -First  Street  boulevard 
south  to  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal. 
connecting1  the  west  park  system  with  the 
south  park  system. 

SMALL  PARKS.  PLAYGROUNDS  AND 

BATHING   BEACHES. 
Bureau   of  Parks,  Public  Playgrounds  and 

Bathing  Beaches. 
Secretary— Walter  Wright. 

Superintendent    of   playgrounds— E.   T.  Brekke. 
Director  in  charge  of  beaches  and  pools — T.  R. 

Daly. 

Director  in  charge  of  activities— H.  J.  Fisher. 
Director  in  charge  of  maintenance — F.  K.  Kai- 
ser. 

Senior  foreman  of  parks— F.  R.  Thomason. 
Office  of  the  bureau— 1004  city  hall. 

The  bureau  of  parks,  public  playgrounds 
and  bathing-  beaches  is  a  bureau  of  the  depart- 
ment of  public  works.  It  maintains  and  has 
jurisdiction  over  seventy  municipal  play- 
grounds, five  bathing  beaches,  four  natatori- 
ums.  sixty-five  small  parks,  city  forestry  or 
street  trees  and  Gage  farm  nursery. 

The  playgrounds  are  open  all  year  around 
from  8  o'clock  in  the  morning  until  9  o'clock 
at  night  and  each  is  in  charge  of  a  director 
and  attendant,  and  during  the  spring,  summer 
and  fall  a  young  woman  assistant  director  or 
physical  instructor. 

The  bathing-  beaches  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  bureau  are  the  Clarendon  beach,  the 
largest  municipal  bathing-  beach  in  the  world; 
the  51st  street  bathing  beach,  76th  street 
bathing1  beach.  Rocky  Ledge  beach  at  the  foot 
of  79th  street  and  the  Rogers  Park  beach  at 
the  foot  of  Kenilworth  avenue. 

The  city  has  obtained  the  possession  of  the 
shore  property  extending1  from  75th  street  to 
79th  street,  and  it  is  intended  to  establish  a 
large  terch  and  park  at  this  location. 

Three  of  the  four  natatoriums  are  open  the 
year  around  and  no  charge  is  made  for  their 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


033 


use  They  are  very  popular  in  their  respective 
neighborhoods,  as  is  shown  by  the  large  at- 
tendance. Instruction  is  given  in  swimming 
during  the  winter  months. 

The  small  parks  vary  in  size  from  a  beauty 
spot  of  one-tenth  of  an  acre  to  a  forty  acre 
park  and  are  used  to  give  every  possible  means 
of  recreation  to  the  people.  Play  apparatus, 
tennis  courts,  wading  pools,  etc.,  are  estab- 
lished wherever  possible. 

City  forestry  is  also  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  bureau  of  parks  and  the  work  of  trim- 
ming trees  goes  on  throughout  the  year.  An 
emergency  truck  is  used  to  remove  the  dead 
and  dangerous  trees  in  the  parkways  through- 
out the  city  so  as  to  prevent  accidents  to 
pedestrians. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  small  parks,  play- 
grounds, bathing  beaches  and  natatoriums 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  bureau  of  parks, 
public  playgrounds  and  bathing  beaches,  with 
the  area  of  the  parks  in  acres  and  size  of  the 
playgrounds: 

Small  Parks. 

Adams  Park— -75th  place.  76th  street  and  Dob- 
son  avenue:    1%. 
Aldine   Square— Vincennes   avenue.    37th  place 

and  alley  north  of  38th  street:   1%. 
Arcade  Park— lllth   place.    112th   street.    For- 

restville  avenue  and  Watt  avenue:   9-10. 
Auburn    Park— Bound°d    by     Lagoon     avenue, 
Stewart  avenue.  Winneconna  avenue  and  Nor- 
mal avenue:   6. 

Austin  Park— Waller  avenue,  Chicago  &  North- 
western   railway,    Austin    avenue    and    Lake 
street:  4%. 
Avers    Avenue   Parkway— From   West    Addison 

street  to  Avondale  avenue. 
Arbor  Rest— Chestnut   street.   Rush  street   and 

Cass  street:  %. 
Archer  Point— Archer  avenue,  20th  street  and 

Dearborn  street:    15-100. 

Amy  L.  Barnard  Park— North  side  105th  street, 
between  Longwood  boulevard  and  Walden 
Parkway;  1%. 

Bickerdike      Square— Ohio      street.      Bickerdike 
street,   Ashland  place  and  Armour  street:   1. 
Blackstone    Point— Lake    Park    avenue.    Black- 
stone    avenue,    and   49th    street:    Vs. 
Buena  Circle— Buena  avenue  and  Kenmore  ave- 
nue:   %. 
Belden  Triangle— North  Clark  street.  Sedgwick 

street  and  Belden  avenue:  %. 
Calumet    Parkway — Calumet    avenue.    63d    and 

61st  streets:   1%. 

Chamberlain  Triangle— Greenwood  avenue.  Lake 
Park  avenue  and  Forty-third  street ;   27-100. 
Columbus    Circle — South    Chicago    avenue.    Ex- 
change   avenue   and    92d    street:    %. 
Colorado      Point — Colorado      avenue,       Monroe 

street  and  Francisco  avenue:   %. 
Crescent  Park— Crescent  road,  Prescott  avenue. 

Ormonde  avenue   and  Grassmere  road:   8. 
Dickinson  Park— North  Lavergne  avenue.  Dick- 
inson avenue  and  Belle  Plaine  avenue:  1%. 
Dauphin  Park— 87th  street,  Illinois  Central  rail- 
road,    91st     street     and     Dauphin      avenue: 
5   12-100. 

Douglas  Monument  Park— Woodlawn  park.  Illi- 
nois Central  railroad,  35th  street  and  alley 
west  of  railway:  3. 

DeKalb    Square— Lexington    street.    Hoyne    ave- 
nue,   Flournoy   street    and  DeKalb  street,    %. 
East  End  Park— East  End   avenue.   51st   street. 

53d   street    and   Lake   Michigan:    10. 
Eldr^d  Grov<> — Norwood  Park  avenue  and  Chi- 
cago   &    Northwestern    railway   from    Argyle 
to  Ainslie  street:   1. 
Ellis    Park— 36th    street.    37th    street,    Langley 

avenue  and  Elmwood   court:   4. 
Edghty-S"v«-nth  Street  Parkway— In  87th  street, 
from  Chicago.  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railway 
to  Eggleeton   avenue:   6. 


Eugenie  Triangle— Eugenie  street.  North  Clark 
street  and  LaSalle  avenue:  %. 

Fernwood  Park— 103d  street.  95th  street.  Stew- 
art avenue  and  Eggleston  avenue:  8. 

Gage  Farm — Bounded  by  22d  street  on  the 
north  and  26th  street  on  the  south:  the  east 
section  line  is  1,400  feet  west  of  Oak  Park 
avenue,  extending  west  4.000  feet  (outside 
city  limits) :  240. 

Graceland  Triangle— Maiden  avenue  and  Mont- 
rose  boulevard:  %. 

Gross  Park— On  Otto  street,  between  East 
Ravenswood  and  Paulina  street:  %. 

Green  Bay  Triangle— North  State  street.  Rush 
street  and  Bellevue  place;  33-100. 

Harding  Avenue  Parkway — In  Harding  avenue, 
between  Addison  street  and  Byron  avenue:  3. 

Holden  Park— Lake  street.  Ferdinand  street. 
Central  avenue  and  Parkside  avenue:  4. 

Higgins  Road  Triangle— Higgina  road  and  Mil- 
waukee avenue. 

Irving  Park— Chicago  &  Northwestern  railway. 
Irving  Park  boulevard,  near  North  Keeler 
avenue:  35-100. 

Kedzie  Park— Kedzie  avenue,  between  Palmer 
place  and  North  avenue:  3. 

Kinzie  Parkway— Kinzie  street,  between  Lara- 
mie  avenue  and  Long  avenue;  1%. 

Lawrence  Avenue  Triangles  (4)— On  Lawrence 
avenue  between  Clark  and  Broadway;  8-10. 

Linden  Park — Avondale  avpnne.  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  railway,  from  School  street  to 
Belmont  avenue:  9-10. 

Maplewood  Triangle— Schubert  and  Maplewood 
avenues  and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  rail- 
way: %. 

Merrick  Park— Pine  avenue.  Long  avenue, 
Ferdinand  street  and  Kinzie  street:  6. 

McKenna  Triangle— 38th  street.  Archer  ave- 
nue and  Campbell  avenue;  3-10. 

Montrose  Point — Montrose  avenue.  Sheridan 
road  and  Broadway:  %. 

Mulberry  Point— Nickerson  avenue.  Nina  street 
and  Nicollet:  %. 

Myrtle  Grove— Neva  avenue.  Ninnewa  avenue 
and  Hood  avenue;  1%. 

Normal  Park— 67th  street.  69th  street.  Lowe 
avenue  and  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  rail- 
road: 2-6. 

Norwood  Circle — Neva  avenue,  Peterson  ave- 
nue and  Circle  avenue:  2%. 

Oakland  Park— Lake  Park  avenue.  39th  street 
and  Illinois  Central  railroad:  %. 

Ogd->n  Arrow— North  Clark  street.  Wells  street 
and  Ogden  front:  %. 

Patterson  Park— Leavitt  street.  Boone  street 
and  DeKalb  street:  %. 

Pullman  Park— lllth  street,  lllth  place.  Cot- 
tage Grove  and  Forrestville  avenues:  %. 

Ravenswood  Pnrkway — Erst  R^venswood  ave- 
nue, between  Lawrence  and  Berteau-avs. :  134. 

Rice  Triangle — Western  avenue  and  Grand  ave- 
nue: %. 

Rocky  Ledge  Park— 79th  street  and  Lake  Mich- 
igan: 3%. 

Roberts  Square — Winnemac  avenue:  North 
Laramie  avenue.  Argyle  avenue  and  North 
Lock  wood  avenue:  5. 

Rutherford  Park— Palmer  street.  North  New- 
land  avenue.  North  Oak  Park  avenue  and 
Chicago.  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  railroad: 
4  33-100. 

Sacramento  Avenue  Parking— 26th  street.  Sac- 
ram^nto  avenue  and  House  of  Correction:  %. 

Salt  Creek  Park— Salt  creek  and  Chicago.  Bur- 
lington &  Quincy  railroad  at  Brookfield  (out- 
side city  limits)  :  32  64-100. 

Schoenhofen  Place— Canal  street.  Canalport 
avenue  and  18th  street:  3-10. 

Stony  Island  Parkway— Stony  Island  avenue. 
6fith  to  79th  street:  8. 

Twenty-Second  Street  Parkway— In  22d  street, 
from  South  Crawford  avenue  to  South  Ken- 
ton  avenue:  3%. 


934 


ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


The  Midway — Midway,   between  Waller  avenue 

and  Austin  avenue:  1%. 

Ihe  Lily  Gardens— Lowe  avenue,  Chicago  & 
Western  Indiana  railroad,  71st  street,  73d 
street;  2%. 

The  Railway  Gardens— Avondale  avenue,  Net- 
tleton  avenue  and  Raven  street,  south  of 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  railway,  also  on 
Norwood  Park  avenue,  north  of  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  railway;  2%. 

Washington  Square— North  Clark  street,  Wal- 
ton place.  Dearborn  street  and  Delaware 
place:  3. 

West  End  Parkway— In  West  End  Avenue, 
from  Menard  avenue  to  Austin  avenue.  North 
Waller  avenue  and  Parkside  avenue:  1%. 

Winnemac  Park — Robey  street,  Foster  avenue, 
Argyle  street  and  Leavitt  street:  40. 

Washington  Heights  Park— Vincennes  road  and 
104th  street;  %. 

Municipal  Playgrounds. 
Names,    locations   and  dimensions    (in   feet). 

Adams— Seminary  avenue,  near  Center  street; 
102  by  288. 

Agassiz — Seminary  avenue  and  George  street: 
265  by  109. 

Auburn  Park— Normal  avenue  and  West  81st 
street:  210  by  210. 

Audubon — Hoyne  and  Cornelia  avenues:  138  by 
264. 

Avondale— North  Sawyer  and  Wellington  ave- 
nues: 250  by  120. 

Belding— Tripp  and  Cullom  avenues:  155  by 
195. 

Beutner— 33d  and  LaSalle  streets:  258  by  546. 

Bosley— 31st  and  Bonfield  streets;   116  by  696. 

Brentano— Fairfield  avenue  and  Schubert  street : 
139  by  358. 

Budlong — Foster,  near  Lincoln  avenue:  325  by 
200. 

Burley— Barry  avenue,  between  Paulina  street 
and  Ashland  avenue;  252  by  128. 

Burroughs — 36th  street  and  Washtenaw  ave- 
nue: 265  by  159. 

Cameron— Potomac  and  Monticello  avenues: 
272  by  208. 

Carter — East  58th  street  and  Michigan  ave- 
nue. 150  by  256. 

Christopher — 22d  and  Robey  streets:  125  by 
275. 

Colman — South  Dearborn  street,  north  of  47th 
street;  320  by  125. 

Commercial  Club— Chicago  avenue  and  Lincoln 
street:  120  by  123  and  125  by  200. 

Cooper — 18th  place  between  Ashland  avenue 
and  Paulina  street. 

Copernicus — 60th  and  Throop  streets:  268  by 
96  and  96  by  96. 

Corkery— 25th  street  and  Kildare  avenue:  265 
by  164. 

Dante — Forquer  and  Desplaines  streets:  235  by 
95. 

Davis— West  39th  place  and  Sacramento  ave- 
nue: 278  by  265. 

Delano— West  Adams  street  and  Springfield 
avenue:  218  by  260. 

Doolittle — 35th  street,  between  Cottage  Grove 
and  Rhodes  avenues:  231  by  179. 

Drake— 27th  street  and  Calumet  avenue:  181 
by  194. 

Earle— South  Paulina  and  West  61st  streets: 
290  by  125. 

Emmet— West  Madison  street  and  Pine  ave- 
nue: 316  by  288. 

Field  Branch— North  shore  and  Greenview  ave- 
nue: 275  by  290. 

Fiske — 62d  street  and  Ingleside  avenue:  264 
by  174. 

Franklin— Sigei  street,  between  Wells  and  Sedg- 
wick  streets:  200  by  125. 

Fulton— West  53d  and  Paulina  streets:  296  by 
136. 

Gallistel— 104th  street  and  Ewing  avenue:  300 
by  125. 


Gary— Lawndale   avenue    and   31st   street;    602 

by   265. 

Gladstone— Robey   street   and  Washburne   ave- 
nue;  240  by  126. 
Graham — i5th    street    and    Union    avenue;    90 

by  265. 
Hamlin— 16th   street  and  Hamlin  avenue;    300 

by  598. 
Hayes— Leavitt   and  Fulton   streets;    96  by   96 

and    96   by    96. 

Henry— North  St.  Louis  and  West  Cullom  ave- 
nues; 300  by  125. 
Howe — Long  avenue   and  Superior  street:   344 

by    125. 
Kohn— East   104th   and   State   streets;    310   by 

266. 
Lemoyne— Rokeby  and  Addison  streets:  290  by 

290. 
Lloyd— Dickens    and   Lamon    avenues:    275   by 

267. 
McCormick— 28th    street    and    Sawyer    avenue: 

125  by  275. 
McCosh— Champlain  avenue;  between  East  65th 

and  66th  streets:   210  by  125. 
McLaren— Polk  and  Laflin  streets;  185  by  175. 
McPherson — North    Winchester    and    Lawrence 

avenues:  280  by  152. 
Mitchell— Oakley    boulevard    and    Ohio    street: 

140   by   110. 
Morse — North   Sawyer   avenue   and   West   Ohio 

street:   280   by   130. 
Moseley— 24th  street  and  Wabash  avenue:  200 

by  200. 
Mozart— West   Hamlin  and  Humboldt  avenues: 

266  by   125. 
Nettelhorst— Broadway  and  Aldine  avenue;  344 

by  100. 
tNorthwestern— Larrabee  and  Alaska  streets:  70 

'by    350. 
Oakland— Langley  avenue  and  40th  street:  80 

by   198. 
Orleans— Orleans  street  and  Institute  place:  126 

by   136. 

Orr — Heeler  avenue  and  Thomas  street. 
Otis— Armour   street    and    Grand   avenue:    200 

by  160. 
Pickard— South  Oakley   avenue   and  West  21st 

place:   275  by   130. 
Poe— Langley    avenue   and   East   106th   street: 

200  by   125. 
Raster— Wood  and  West   70th  streets;   265  by 

181. 

Robey— Robey  and  Birch  streets:  265  by  114. 
Ryder— Lbwe    avenue    and    West    88th    street; 

250  by  196  and  96  by  96. 
Ryerson — Lawndale    avenue    and    Ohio    street: 

290  by   325. 

Sampson — loth  and  Loomis  streets:  125  by  215, 
Scanlan— Perry     avenue,     between     117th     and 

118th  streets:   295  by  154. 
Sherwood— 57th   street   and  Princeton   avenue: 

156  by  250. 
Swift— Winthrop  avenue,  between  Ardmore  and 

Thorndale  avenues:  340  by  125. 
Swing— Jefferson  street,  between  17th  and  18th 

streets:   220  by  130. 
Thorp — 89th    street    and   Buffalo    avenue:    140 

by  140. 
Washington— Grand      avenue      and      Carpenter 

street:  128  by  174. 

Waters— West  Wilson  and  West  Campbell  ave- 
nues: 250  by  250. 
Whittier — 23d  and  Lincoln  streets. 
Wrightwood— Wrightwood   and   Greenview   ar»- 

nues:  361  by  454. 

Municipal   Bathing   Beaches  and  Natatoriums. 
Clarendon  Beach— Lake  Michigan,  foot  of  Sun- 

nyside  avenue. 
Fifty-First  Street  Beach— Lake  Michigan,   foot 

of   51st   street. 

Rocky    Ledge    Beach— Lake   Michigan,    foot    of 
79th  street. 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


935 


Seventy-Sixth    Street     Beach— Lake    Michigan,  j 

foot  of  76th  street. 
Rogers  Park   Beach-Foot   of  Kenilworth-av 


og  — 

Washington     Heights     Swimming-     Pool— 104th 

street  and  Vincennes   avenue.  

MONUMENTS  IN  CHICAGO   AND   VICINITY 


Griffith  Natatorium — 104th-st  and  Harvard-av. 
Jackson  Natatorium— 3506  West  Fillmore  street. 
Beilfuss  Natatorium— 1725  North  Springfield 
avenue. 


Name,    location    and    date    of    dedication    or 
completion  of  each. 
American  Expeditionary  Force  Tablet-On  north- 

west  cor.  of  federal  building;  Oct.  19    1919. 
Alarm.  The-Lincoln  park:   May   17    1884. 
Altgeld—  Lincoln  park:  Sept.  6.  1915. 
Anarchists'—  Waldheim  cemetery;  June  2o.  1893. 
Andersen.  Hans  Christian-Lincoln  park:  Sept. 

Armstrong3/    George    B  -Postoffice.    north    en- 
trance:  May    19.   1881. 


Indors-Bohemian  Na- 


25.  1906. 
^luSbfrPoVrNo/TOe:  &7A:  Rarest  Home 

Co^fedSfte  sSldlerVolkwoods  cemetery;  July 

Douglas^Fcot  of  35th  street:  corner  stone  laid 
Sept.  6.   1866:  dedication  June  3,  1868. 


Mizenberg.  S— Waldheim  cemetery:  Sept.  24. 
1916. 

Mulligan — Calvary  cemetery;  May  30,   1885. 

McKinley— McKinley   park;   July  4,    1905. 

Oglesby,  Richard  J. — Lincoln  park;  unveiled 
Nov.  21.  1919. 

Press  Club— Mount  Hope  cemetery;  Nov.  12, 
1893. 

Reese.  Michael — 29th  street  and  Groveland  ave- 
nue: completed  spring  of  1893. 

Republic.  Statue  of  the — Jackson  park;  May 
11.  1918. 

Reuter— Humboldt  park;   May  14.   1893. 

Rosenberg  Fountain — Park  row  and  Michigan 
avenue.  Accepted  by  city  Oct.  16.  1893. 

Schiller— Lincoln  park;  May  15,   1886. 

Shakespeare — Lincoln  park;  April  23,  1894. 

Signal  of  Peace.  The— Lincoln  park;  June  9, 
1894. 

Sweeney  Post  No.  275.  G.  A.  R.— Evergreen 
cemetery,  Barrington;  Sept.  9,  1906. 

Thomas  Post  No.  5.  G.  A.  R.— Rosehill  ceme- 
tery; Feb.  22.  1895. 


Sept.  6.   186:     ecaion     un :  .  Viotoria-Garfieid  park:   Oct.   16.  1893. 

Drake  Fountain-Exchange     avemie     and     9~a    Wgr  Qf  lgl<,  Tablet_In  Q>  A>  R>  hall> 


street.  South  Chicago:  dedicated  Oct.  11, 
1908:  presented  to  city  Dec.  26. .1892  and 
first  stood  on  Washington  street  in  front  of 

DrCe°xUelthF0oUuSntain  and  Statue-Drexel  boulevard 
and  51st  street:  completed  in  June.  1883;  no 


park;  Got  .12.   100JL 
Ferguson    Fountain    of    the    Great    Lakes-On 

south  terrace  of  Art  institute:  Sept  9.  1913. 
Finerty.  John  F.—  Garfield  park:  Oct.  II.  1914. 
Fire  (1871)  Tablet—  137  DeKoven  street:  1881. 
Fort  Dearborn  Massacre—  Calumet  avenue  and 

18th  street:   June  22.   1893. 
Fort  Dearborn  Tablet-River  street  and  Michi- 

gan  avenue:   unveiled  May  21.  1881. 
Franklin—  Lincoln  park;  June  6-1896 
Garibaldi-Lincoln  park:  Oct.  12.  1901. 
Goethe—  Lincoln  park:   June  13,   1914. 
Grand  Army   50th   Anniversary   Bronze  Tablet 

-Garfield  park:   May   6.   1916 

ceme- 


;  Sept.  28    1918 
Harrison,  Carter  H.—  Union  park;  June  29,  1907. 
Havlicek.  Karel-Douglas  Pa  rk  ;  July  30.   1911. 
Hay  market-Union  park;  May  30.   1889. 
Humboldt-Humboldt  park;   Oct.   16    1892 
Illinois  Centennial—  Logan  square:  Oct.  13.  1918. 
Indian    Trail    Tree    Tablet—  Glencoe;     Nov.    7. 

1911 
Iroquois  Theater  Fire  Tablet—  In  hospital,    28 

North  Market  street:  Dec.  30  1911. 
Kennison-Lincoln  park:  Dec.  19.  1903 
Kinzie  Tablet—  Pine  and  Kinzie  streets:  July 

Kosc'iuszko—  Humboldt   park;    Sept.   11.    1904. 
LaSalle—  Lincoln    park:    Oct.    12     1889. 
Lincoln—  Lincoln  park:  Oct.  22.  1887 
Lincoln    Memorial    Bronze    Bust—  In    front    of 

Exchange    building.    Union    stockyards;    Feb. 

12     1916 
Lincoln    Post    No.    91.     G.    A.    R—  Oakwoods 

cemetery:    June   14.    1905. 
Lincoln     Wigwam     Tablet—  Market     and    Lake 

streets:    unveiled    May    11.    1910. 
Linne—  Lincoln  park:   May   23  .1891. 
Logan—  Grant  park:   July  22.    1897. 
Logan  Post  No.  540.  G.  A.  R—  Rosehill  ceme- 

tery:  June  1.   1900. 
Marauette-Joliet—  South  Robey  street  and  river; 

cross  dedicated  Sept.  23,    1907;   tablet.   May 

6.  fl.909. 


Library  building. 
Washington— Grand  boulevard  and  51st  street: 

completed  June  6,  1904:  no  formal  unveiling. 
Washington  Post  No.  94.  G.  A.  R.— Elmwood 

cemetery:    Aug.    22.    1909. 
Willich    Post    No.    780,    G.    A.    R.— Town    of 

Maine  cemetery;   Oct.  13.   1901. 

TABLET  TO  THE  A.  E.  F. 

A  bronze  tablet  erected  at  the  northwest 
corner  of  the  federal  building  in  memory  of 
the  American  soldiers  who  fought  in  France 
was  unveiled  Oct.  19.  1919.  by  the  Sons  of 
the  Revolution.  Attorney  Samuel  B.  King, 
president  of  the  society  in  Illinois,  made  the 
introductory  speech. 

The  unveiling  marked  the  anniversary  of 
the  surrender  of  the  British  army  to  the  Amer- 
ican and  French  army,  which  closed  the  revo- 
lutionary war,  at  Yorktown.  Va.  The  principal 
speaker  was  Gen.  L.  Collerdet,  military  attache 
from  the  French  embassy  at  Washington.  The 
tablet  reads: 

"The  minute  men  of  1775.  who  left  the 
Plow  and  shouldered  the  musket  that  men  in 
America  might  be  free  and  equal,  were  be- 
holden to  France  for  the  victory.  To  the 
men  of  1917  in  khaki  and  blue  the  spirit  of 
the  minute  men  is  beholden  for  the  redemp- 
tion of  the  debt  to  France  that  was  made 
when  the  commander  of  the  American  army 
in  France  said  'Lafayette,  we  are  here.'  " 


SOCIETIES    OF    TEACHERS   IN    CHICAGO. 

Cook    County  Teachers'    Association — Fullerton 

hall.  Art  institute:   president.  J.  W.  Costello; 

superintendent.  E.  J.  Tobin.  1122  county  bldg. 
Chicago     Principals'     Club  — 1808.      5     South 

Wabash  avenue;  president.  Chester  C.  Dodge. 

Hibbard  school:  secretary,  Esther  Perry  Horn- 

boker.    Goodrich   school. 
Chicago  Teachers'  Federation — Room  1335,  127 

North    Dearborn    street:    president.    Mrs.    Ida 

L.  Fursman:  corresponding  secretary.  Frances 

E.  Harden:    recording:    secretary.    Miss    Mary 

F.  Dwyer;  financial  secretary.  Miss  Ida  Schif- 
flin:   treasurer.   Miss  Mary  E.  Murray:  busi- 
ness  representative.    Margaret   A.    Haley;    or- 
ganizer. Nora  M.  O'Connor. 

Chicago  Teachers'  Relief  Society  —  President, 
Peter  A.  Mortenson;  secretary.  Miss  Marion 
H.  Dyer.  2717  Wilcox  street;  treasurer, 
Morgan  G.  Hogge. 


936 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


OLD    CHICAGO    BUSINESS    HOUSES. 


Following  is  a  list  of  firms  which  have  been 
in  business  in  Chicago  for  fifty  years  or  more 
There  are  doubtless  numerous  omissions  •  and 
the  editor  of  the  Almanac  will  appreciate  it 
U  they  are  brought  to  his  attention.  The 
nrebent  name  of  each  firm  is  given  first  and 
fhlnthe  name  or  names  it  may  have  borne 
in  the  past  with  the  approximate  year  of  the 
change  of  title  when  known: 
1836  _  Og-den  Sheldon  &  Co..  real  estate: 
Clark  and  Lake  streets. 

1837—  S.  D.  Childs  &  Co..  engravers  and  print- 
ers. 136  'South  Clark  street. 

C     D     Peacock,    jeweler,    141    South    State 

street:  Elijah  Peacock. 
Hotel    Sherman:    City   hotel.    1837:    Sherman 

house.  1844. 

1838—  Burley    &   Co..    china   and   glassware.    7 
North  Wabash    avenue:   Burley   &  Tyrrell 
Co       1846         (Consolidated    with    Albert 
Pick  &  Co..   1919.) 

1840—  George  B.  Carpenter  &  Co..  *™$m*gp. 
North  Wells  street:  George  A.  Robb.  1840: 
Pay  son  &  Robb.  1845:  Hubbard  &  Robb. 
1850:  Gilbert  Hubbard  &  Co..  1857: 
George  B.  Carpenter  &  Co..  1881 


Co      1863:    F.    C.    DeLang    &    Co.. 

Keen  &  DeLang  Co..  1884:  DeLang.  Coles 

&  Co..  1906. 
1842—  Henry  Homer  &  Co..  wholesale  grocers, 

563  West  Randolph  street:  Henry  Homer. 

1842:  Henry  Horner  &  Co.,  1871. 
Joseph    T.    Ryerson    &    Son.    iron,    steel    and 

machinery.  16th  and  Rockwell  streets. 
Sprague    Smith    Co..    glass.    164    West    Ran- 

dolph street:   original  firm  name  Alexan- 

der White    &   Co. 
1844—  A.  C.   McClurg   &  Co..  bookseller^  218- 

224  South  Wabash  avenue:  W.  W.  Barlow 

&  Co..   1844:   Griggs.   Bross   &  Co..   1848: 

Jansen.     McClurg     &     Co..     1872:     A.     C. 

McClurg    &   Co..    1886. 
Peter  Van   Schaack    &   Sons,   druggists.    114- 

118  West  Lake  street. 
Sharp    &    Smith,    surgical    instruments.    155- 

157  North  Michigan  avenue. 
The  Chicago  Daily  Journal.  15  South  Market 

street. 

1846—  Fergus     Printing     Co..     64     East     Lake 
street:   Ellis  &  Fergus. 

Peter  Schuttler  Co..  wagon  makers.  22d  and 
Rockwell  streets. 

1847—  John    V.    Farwell    Company,    dry   goods. 
Market  and  Monroe  streets. 

Cyrus  H.  McCormick  &  Co.  (International 
Harvester  Co.).  harvesting  machinery. 
Blue  Island  and  Western  avenues:  McCor- 
mick &  Gray:  McCormick,  Ogden  &  Co. 

The  Chicago  Tribune.  Dearborn  and  Madison 

1848^-Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Co..  The.  bil- 
liard  tables.    633    South   Wabash   avenue: 
J.   M.  Brunswick   &  Balke  Co. 
The  Staats  Zeitung.  24  South  Wells  street. 

1850—  Mears-Slayton    Lumber    Co..     1237    Bel 
mont  avenue;  C.  H.  Mears  &  Bro.,  1850; 

N.  &  C.  H.  Mears.  1881:  Chas.  H.  Mears 
1889:  Chas.  H.  Mears  &  Co..   1892. 
Gerts.    Lumbard    &   Co..    brushes:    221    West 
Randolph   street. 

1851—  /Etna    Life    agency,    insurance.    Tribune 
building. 

Durand  &  Kasper  Co..  wholesale  grocers 
Lake.  Union  and  Eagle  streets:  Baily  & 
Dnrnnd.  1851  :  Durand  Bros.  &  Powers 
1856:  Dnrand  Bros..  Powers  &  Co..  1866 
Dnrpnd  &  Co..  1871:  H.  C.  &  C.  Durand 
1879:  Dnrand  &  Kasner  PO..  1894. 

Fuller-Morn  sson  Co..  310  West  Washington 
street;  Fuller  &  Roberts.  1851:  Fuller 
Finch  &  Fuller.  1855:  Fuller  &  Fuller 
18«5. 


Heath  &  Milligan  Mfg.  Co..  paints:  332  South 

Michigan  avenue. 
1852— Pinkerton     National     Detective     agency. 

131-137  South  Wells  street. 
Sherer-Gillett   Co..    manufacturers.    1705-9   S. 

Clark  street. 

John  A.  Tolman  &  Co..  84  East  Lake  street. 
T.     D.     Randall,     grain    dealer.     234     South 

LaSalle  street. 

Home  Insurance  Co..  175  West  Jackson-blvd. 
1853— Frank  Pannelee  Transfer  Co..  Ill  West 

Adams  street. 

D.  B.  Fisk   &  Co..   wholesale  millinery.   225 
North  Wabash  avenue. 

Briggs  house.  Wells  and  Randolph  streets. 
The    Northwestern    Christian    Advocate.    734 

Rush   street. 

1854— Cook  &  McLain.  dyers.  154  North  Dear- 
born street. 

E.  W.  Blatchf  ord  &  Co..  lead  pipe  and  metals. 
230  North  Clinton  street. 

Albert  Dickinson  Co..  seeds.  2750  West  35th 

street. 
C.   H.  Jprdan  &  Co..  undertakers.  164  North 

Michigan  avenue. 

1855— Crane  Co..  valves  and  fittings.  836  South 
Michigan    avenue:     R.    T.    Crane    &    Co.. 
1855:  Crane  Bros.  Mfg.  Co.,  1872. 
The  Martin  Dawson  Co..  confectionery.   1530 
South  State  street:  J.  B.  Hannegan  &  Co.. 
1855:     N.     Crickard    &    Co.:     Dawson     & 
Shields.    1868:   Martin  Dawson.   1878. 
Fargo    &   Phelps,    shoes.    1701    North    Robey 
street:  Bill.  Fargo  &  Kellogg.  1855;  Fargo 
&  Bill.    1856:   Fargo.   Fales   &  Co..   1864: 
C.  H.  Fargo  &  Co..  1871. 
Greenebaum  Sons  bank.  9  S.  LaSalle  street. 
Hibbard.    Spencer.   Bartlett    &  Co..   hardware, 
etc..    State   street  bridge:   Tuttle  Hibbard. 
1855:  Hibbard  &  Spencer,  1865:  Hibbard. 
Spencer   &   Co..    1877:    Hibbard.    Spencer. 
Bartlett  &  Co..  1882. 

Mandel  Brothers,  dry  goods.  State  and  Madi- 
son  streets. 
Sherwood  company,  school  furniture.  Lincoln 

and  14th  streets. 

Samuel  A.  Spry,  lumber,  122  South  Michigan 
avenue:  F.  B.  Gardner.  1855:  Gardner  & 
Spry.  1866:  Gardner  &  Spry  Lumber  Co.. 
1869:  John  Spry  Lumber  Co..  1885. 
The  L.  Wolf  Manufacturing  Co..  601-607 
West  Lake  street:  McGuire  &  Wolf.  1855: 
L.  Wolf  Mfg.  Co..  1868. 

W.  H.  Salisbury  &  Co..  leather  and  rubber 
goods.  308-310  West  M-dison  street: 
John  B.  Ideson  and  Hallock  &  Wheeler. 
1855:  Hallock,  Holmes  &  Co..  1874:  Hal- 
lock.  Salisbury  &  Kline.  1879:  W.  H. 
Salisbury  &  Co..  3881. 

1856— Marshall  Field   &  Co..   dry   goods.    State 
and    Washington    streets:     Cooley.    Wads- 
worth    &    Co..    1856:    Cooley.    Farwell    & 
Co..    1857:    Farwell.    Field    &    Co..    1861: 
Field.  Palmer  &  Leiter.  1865:  Field.  Leiter 
&  Co..  1867:  Marshall  Field  &  Co..  1881. 
Peterson  nursery.   30  North  LaSalle  street. 
Rand.    McNally    &    Co..    mans,    etc..    536-538 
South    Clark    street:     William     H.    Rand. 
1856. 

Tobey  Furniture  Co..  The.  Wabash  avenue 
and  Washington  street:  Charles  Tobey. 
1856:  fhprles  To^ey  &  Bro..  1857: 
Thayer  &  To^ey.  1870:  The  Tobey  Furni- 
ture Co..  1875. 
1857— The  A.  H  Andrews  Co..  bank  fixtures. 

117   So"th  Wabash  avenue. 
Baird    &   Warner,    real   estate,   29    S.   LaSalle 
str^t:     o.     L.    Olmsted.     1857:    Baird    & 
Bradley,    t  S64. 
Barnard  &  Miller,  law  publishers.  172  North 

T,aSp11e    street. 
Julius  Bauer  &  Co.,  pianos.  305   S.  Wabash 

a  verpie. 

J.  B.  Chambers  &  Co..  jewelers.  35  East  Mad- 
ison  street. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


937 


Charles  F.  Elmes  Engineering-  Works,  Mor- 
gan and  Fulton  streets:  Elmes  &  Son. 
Columbian  Iron  Works.  1857;  Columbian 
Iron  Works.  1878:  Charles  F.  Elmes  Engi- 
neering Works.  1892. 

Gage  Bros.  &  Co..  wholesale  millinery.  18-22 
South  Michigan  avenue:  Webster  &  Gage. 
1857;  Gage  Bros.  &  Co..  1870:  A.  S. 
Gage  &  Co..  1883. 

W.  W.  Kimball  &  Co..  pianos  and  organs. 
Wabash  avenue  and  Jackson  boulevard. 

Albert  Pick  &  Co..  glassware.  208  West 
Randolph  street. 

McVicker's  theater.  25  West  Madison  street. 

Merchants'  Loan  and  Trust  company,  bank- 
ers. Adams  and  Clark  streets. 

C.  A.  Taylor  Trunk  Works.  28  East  Ran- 
dolph street. 

1858— Edson  Keith  &  Co..  wholesale  millinery. 
24  South  Michigan  avenue:  Keith  & 
Faxon.  1858:  Keith.  Faxon  &  Co..  1860: 
Keith  Bros..  1865:  Edson  Keith  &  Co.. 
1884. 

H.  &  A.  Rietz  Lumber  Co..  1802  North  Cen- 
tral Park  avenue:  Chas.  Rietz  &  Co.. 
1858:  The  Charles  Rietz  Bros.  Lumber 
Co..  1876. 

Windsor    Clifton    hotel.     Monroe    street    and 

Wabash  avenue^   Clifton  house.   1858. 
1859— Henry  N.  Birren.  undertaker.   213  West 
Division  street. 

James  S.  Kirk  &  Co..  soap  manufacturers. 
320  East  North  Water  street. 

A.  Plamondon  Manufacturing  Co..  machinery. 
12-24  North  Clinton  street. 

Jacob  Press  Sons,  wagons,  300  North  Halsted 
street:  Kuhl  &  Press.  1859:  Jacob  Press. 


Rogersqn     &    Son.    undertakers.    1502    West 

Madison  street. 

1860— Armour  Elevator  Co..  grain  elevator. 
1220.  208  South  LaSalle  street:  Armour. 
Dole  &  Co. 

Gale  &  Blocki.  druggists,   15  East  Monroe-st. 

Rumsey  &  Co..  commission  merchants,  141 
West  Jackson  boulevard:  Finley,  Hoyt  & 
Co..  1860:  J.  P.  &  J.  W.  Rumsey.  1865: 
Rumsey.  Williams  &  Co..  1873;  Rumsey 
&  Walker.  1877:  Rumsey  &  Bull.  1881: 
Rumsey  &  Lightner.  1892:  Rumsey  &  Co.. 
1903. 

1861 — The  Franklin  Co.,  engraving  and  elec- 
trotyping.  720-734  South  Dearborn  street; 
A.  Zeese  &  Co..  1861:  A.  Zeese  Co..  1882: 
Franklin  Engraving  and  Electrotyping  Co.. 
1894. 

Rathbone,  Sard  &  Co..  stoves,  1414  South 
Wabash  avenue. 

Western  News  company.  25  East  Austin  ave- 
nue: John  R.  Walsh. 
1862— Bigelow  Bros.  &  Walker,  lumber,  309,  5 
North  LaSalle  street:  Bigelow  Bros..  1862. 

W.  D.  Kerfoot  &  Co..  real  estate.  58-60  West 
Washington  street. 

Spalding  Lumber  Co..  208  S.  LaSalle  street. 

Allen  B.  Wrisley  Co..  soap  and  perfume  man 
ufacturers.  923  South  Wells  street:  Wris- 


ley   Bros..    1862:    Allen    B.    Wrisley    Co., 
1874. 

1863 — First  National  bank.  Dearborn  and  Mon- 
roe streets. 

The  Bohner  Manufacturing  Co..  glassware. 
1009  South  Wabash  avenue:  N.  F.  Merrill. 
1863:  Eaton.  Maguire  &  Co.:  Eaton  & 
Brown;  Brown  &  Bohner.  1871:  George 
Bohner  &  Co..  1875. 

B.  Kuppenheimer  &  Co..  wholesale  clothing. 
415  South  Franklin  street:  Kohn.  CJay- 
burgh  &  Einstein,  1863:  B.  Kuppenheimer 
&  Co..  1870. 

1864— Belding  Bros.  &  Co..  silks.  201-203  West 
Monroe  street. 

R.  R.  Donnelley  &  Sons  Co.,  printers,  731 
Plymouth  court:  Church.  Goodman  &  Don- 
nelley. 1864;  R.  R.  Donnelley  &  Sons  Co.. 
1879. 

The  N.  K.  Fairbank  Co..  cooking  fats,  soaps, 
etc..  Ill  West  Washington  street:  Fair- 
bank.  Peck  &  Co..  1864:  N.  K.  Fairbank 
&  Co..  1874. 

Lyon  &  Healy.  musical  instruments.  Wabash 
avenue  and  Jackson  boulevard. 

Western  Bank  Note  and  Engraving  Co..  118 
East  20th  street. 

Union   Stock  Yard  and  Transit  Co..   Halsted 

and  Root  streets. 

1865— Chicago  Clearing  House  association.  60 
South  LaSalle  street. 

Chicago   Stock   Exchange.   209  S.  LaSalle-st. 
1866 — Chicago  Lumber  and  Coal  Co..  11  South 
LaSalle  street. 

Chicago  Varnish  company.  2100  Elston-av. 

Tarrant  Foundry  Co..    363  West   Grand-av. 

Foley  billiard  hall.  425  South  Wabash-av. 

Manz  Engraving  Co..  4001  Ravenswood  ave- 
nue: Maas  &  Manz.  1866:  J.  Manz.  1870: 
J.  Manz  &  Co..  1881. 

Union  Bag  and  Paper  Co..  3737  South  Ash- 
land avenue:  Wheeler  &  Hinman.  1866: 
Wheeler.  Fisher  &  Co..  1871:  Union  Bag 
and  Paper  Co..  1875. 

1867— Carson.  Pirie.  Scott  &  Co..  dry  goods. 
State  and  Madison  streets:  Carson,  Pirie 
&  Co..  1867. 

George  F.  Cram,  map  publisher.  Ill  North 
Market  street. 

Edward  Kirchberg.  jeweler.  104  North  State 

John  F.  Higgins,  printer.  176  Monroe  street. 

John  M.  Smyth  Co..  furniture.  701  West  Mad- 
ison street. 

Sauer  &  Letang.   shoemakers,   77  East  Mon- 
roe street:  D.   Sauer  Co..   1867. 
1868— A.    T.    Willett    Teaming    Co..    75    East 
South  Water  street. 

Critchell.  Miller.  Whitney  &  Barbour.  insur- 
ance. Insurance  Exchange  building. 

Isaac  W.  Nichols,  jewelry,  7  West  Madison 
street. 

Munger  Laundry   Co.,    2412   Indiana   avenue. 

Philip  Henrici  Co.,  restaurant;  71  West 
Randolph  street. 

The  Hibernian  Banking  association.  208  South 

LaSalle  street. 

1869— L.  Klein,  dry  goods,  etc.:  Halsted.  14j,h 
and  Liberty  streets. 


CHICAGO   CITY   ATTORNEYS  SINCE 


N.   B.  Jndd 1837-1839 

Samuel   L.    Smith 1839 

Mark  Skinner 1840 

George     Manierre 1841,  1843 

Henry  Brown 1842 

Henry  W.  Clarke 1844-1845 

Charles  H.  Lurrnbee 1846 

Patrick  Ballingall 1847.  1854 

Giles  Spring 1848 

O.  R.  W.  Lull 1849 

Henry  H.   Clark 1850-1851 

Arno  Voss 1852-1853 

J.  A.   Thompson 1855 

J.  L.   Marsh 1856 

John   C.    Miller 1857 


Elliott  Anthony 1858 

George  F.  Crocker 1859 

John  Lyle  King 1860 

Ira  W.  Buell 1861 

George  A.  Meech 1862 

Francis  Adams 1863-1864 

Daniel  D.  Driscoll 1865-1866 

Hasbrouck  Davis 1867-1869 

Israel  N.   Stiles 1869-1873 

Egbert  Jamieson 1873-1875 

R.    S.   Tuthill 1876-1878 

Julius  S.  Grinnell 18'9-1885 

Hempstead   Washburne.. 1885-1889 

George  F.   Sugg 1889-1891 

Jacob  J.  Kern 1891-1893 


1837. 

George  A.  Trude 1893-1895 

Roy  O.  West 1895-1897 

Miles  J.  Devine 1897-18W 

Andrew  J.   Ryan 1899-1902 

John    E.    Owens 1902-1903 

John  F.  Smulski 1903-1905 

Frank   D.    Ayers 1905-1907 

John   R.   Caverly 1908-1910 

Clyde  L.  Day 1910-1911 

Nicholas  L.   Piotrowski.. 1911-1915 

Charles  R.  Francis 1915-1917 

William  H.   Devenish....l917 

The  city   nttornevship   became 
an  appointive  office  in  1905. 


938 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


CHICAGO    THEATERS. 

Seating-  capacity  given  in  parentheses. 


Academy  (962)— 16  South  Halsted  street. 
Adelphia    (1.312) — 7070  North  Clark  street. 
Albany  Park   (994)— 4816  North  Kedzie-av. 
Alhambra  (1.134)— State-st.  and  Archer-av. 
Alvin    (536)— 1612   West   Chicagro    avenue. 
American    (1,226)— 6-14  North  Ashland-av. 
Americus   (664)— 3437  Og-den  avenue. 
Apollo    (669)— 526-528  East  47th  street. 
Apollo    (1,013)— 1540  North  Crawford  avenue. 
Archer  (900)— 2006-10  Archer  avenue. 
Argmore    (660)— 1038-52  Argyle  avenue. 
Aristo    (603)— 2648  Lincoln  avenue. 
Armitage    (951) — 3553  Armitage  avenue. 
Ashland  (605) — 4856  South  Ashland  avenue. 
Ashland   (901)— 1613  West  Madison  street. 
Atlantic  (1.609) — 3950  West  26th  street. 
Atlas    (627)— 4715  South  State  street. 
Auditorium   (3.623)— Congress  and  Wabash-av. 
Austin   (533)— 5619  West  Madison  street. 
Avon  (762)— 3325-29  Fullerton  avenue. 
Avenue  (1.140)— 3108  Indiana  avenue. 
Banner  (796)— 1611  North  Robey  street. 
Beach  (996)— 1504  East  51st  street. 
Bell   (570)— 1539  Milwaukee  avenue. 
Bertha  (591) — 4717  Lincoln  avenue. 
BUou    (858) — 300  South  Halsted  street. 
Biograph   (998)— 2431  Lincoln  avenue. 
Blackstone   (1.200) -60-68  East  7th  street. 
Boulevard  (998)— 1606  Garfleld  boulevard. 
Broadway    (690)— 5206-8  Broadway. 
Broadway  Strand   (1.587)-1641  West  12th-st. 
Bryn  Mawr  (768)— 1125  Bryn  Mawr  avenue. 
Buckingham  (965)— 3317  North  Clark  street. 
BulS   The   (992) -3940  North  Robey  street. 
Bush  Temple  (845)— 110  West  Chicago  avenue. 
California   (683)— 3436  West  26th  street. 
Calo   (880)— 5406  North  Clark  street. 
Calumet    (1.013)— 9206  South  Chicagro  avenue. 
Casey    (944)— 4649-53  South  State  street. 
Casino    (1  003)— 403  North  Clark  street. 
Central  Music  Hall   (677)— 64  E.  Van  Buren-st. 
Central  Park   (2.032) -3531-39  West  12th-st. 
Century   (822)— 1419  West  Madison  street. 
Chateau  (1.683)— 3810-12  Broadway. 
Chicago    (1.200)— Wabash-av.   and  Peck  court. 
Chicalo  Avenue  (705)-2126-28  W.  Chicago-av. 
Chopin   (546)— 1541-43  West  Division  street. 
Cicero   (595) — 306-08  South  Cicero  avenue. 
Circle  (707)— 3239-41  Wrst  12th  street. 
Claremont  (624)— 3226  North  Clark  street. 
Clark   (1  050) — 4533  North  Clark  street. 
Cohan's  Grand   (1.405)— 121  North  Clark-st. 
Coliseum    (15.000)— Wabash-av..    near  16th-st. 
Coll-g-e   (1,083)— W^bstor  and  Sheffield-avs. 
Colonial   (1.450)— 26  West  Randolph  street. 
Columbia   (1.078)— 15-21  North  Clark  street. 
Columbia    (700)— 2120   North   Clark  street. 
Columbus.  The  (927)— 6236  South  Ashland-av. 
Coronado  (785)— 3972  Vincennes  avenue. 
Cort    (962)— 76  82    North   Dearborn    street. 
Cosmopolitan   (854)— 7938  South  Halsted-st. 
Covent  Gard-n  (2.251)— 2653-65  N.  Clark-Bt. 
Crawford   (908)— 19  South  Crawford  avenue. 
Crescent    (792)— 2915  Milwaukee   avenue. 
Criterion    (1.233)— 1228  Sedgwick  street. 
Crown    (1.391)— Ashland-av.   and  Division-st. 
Crown  Hippodrome    (707)— 4007  West  26th-st. 
Crystal    (1.834)— 2701-11   West  North  avenue. 
Dante   (500)— 815  W^st  Taylor  street. 
Dearborn    (741)—  1T06  North  Dearborn  street. 
De  Luxe    (1,033)— 1141  Wilson  avenue. 
Devon   (546) — 1616  Devon  avenue. 
Doug-las  (792)— 3236  West  22d  street. 
Douglas    (584)— 3123-25  Cottage  Grove  avenue. 
E.  A.  R.    (892)— 6839  Wentworth  avenue. 
Easterly   (571) — 27^8  Lincoln  avenue. 
Ellantee   (1424)— 1548-56  Devon  avenue. 
Elmo    (780)— 2404  We<4  Van  Buren  street. 
Emnvtt   (550) — 4^38  Wentworth  avenue. 
Empire   (l.°42)— 673  W~st  Madison  street. 
Empress   (900)— 6°46  Cottage  Grove  avenue. 
Fmnress   (1,439>— 6226  South  Hal<5tPd  street. 
Enerlewood    (1  305)— 726  West  63d  street. 
Erie    (610)— 641-643  North  Clark  street. 
Famous   (600)— 3644  West  Chicago  avenue. 


Franklin   (725)— 320  East  31st  street. 
Frolic   (899)— 947  East  55th  street. 
Gaiety    (759) — 9205  Commercial  avenue. 
Garfield   (693)— 2844  West  Madison  street. 
Garrick  (1.257)— 60  West  Randolph  street. 
Gayety   (981)— 531  South  State  stieet. 
Germania    (905)— 1546-50  North  Clark   street 
Gold   (803)— 3411  West  12th  street. 
Grand    (772)— 3512-18  Archer  avenue. 
Grand   (593) — 415  East  43d  street. 
Grand   (853)— 3110  South  State  street. 
Grand   (565)— 3433  West  North  avenue. 
Grand  Oak   (904)— 3955  Grand  boulevard. 
Grayland  (526)— 3947  North  Crawford  avenue; 
Great  Northern   (1,350)— 21  Quincy  street. 
Halfield   (952)— 5449  South  Halsted  street. 
Halsted   (707)— 320  South  Halsted  street. 
Hamilton   (999)— 2186  East  71st  street. 
Hamilton   (639)— 6811  South  Halsted  street. 
Hamlin   (1.204)— 3826  West  Madison  street. 
Harper  (1,201)—  5234-44  Harper  avenue. 
Harvard   (726)— 6316  Harvard  avenue. 
Haymarket   (1.800)— 722  West  Madison  street. 
Hippodrome   (538)— 1619  West  63d  street 
Howard    (1.650)— 1631  Howard  street. 
Hub   (769)— 1742-46  West  Chicag-o  avenue. 
Hyde  Park   (622)— 5314  Lake  Park  avenue. 
Ideal   (698)— 1622  Larrabee  street 
Ellington    (982)— 2122-24    West    22d   street. 
Illinois    (1.287)— 75  East  Jackson  boulevard. 
Imperial   (1.266)— 2329  West  Madison  street. 
Independence   (574)— 3747  West  12th  street 
Indiana   (786)— 219  East  43d  street. 
Iris    (895)— 5747  West  Chicag-o  avenue. 
Irving'  (1,396)— 4005  Irving-  Park  boulevard. 
Jackson  Park    (1.420)— 6711    Stony  Island-av. 
Julian    (799)— 920  Belmont  avenue. 
Karlov   (893)— 4048  Armitage  avenue. 
Kedzie   (1,461)— W.  Madison-st.  and  Kedzie-av. 
Kedzie   Annex  (753)— 3210-12  West  Madison-st. 
Kenmore    (496)— 1039  Wilson  avenue. 
Kenwood    (885)— 1225  East  47th   street. 
Keystone   (791)— 3912  Sheridan  road. 
Kimbark   (688)— 6240  Kimbark  avenue. 
Knickerbocker   (994)— 6217  Broadway. 
Lake    Shore    (542)— 3175    Broadway. 
Lakeside   (998)— 4730  Sheridan  road. 
Lane  Court   (999)— 322  Center  street. 
Langley    (889)— 702   East  63d  street. 
LaSalle  (759)— 110  West  Madison  street. 
LaSalle   (728)— 152  West  Division  street. 
LeGrand    (694)— 5241  North  Clark  street. 
Leida   (644)— 645-47  West  120th  street. 
Lexington  (716)— 1162  East  63d  street. 
Lexington  (755) — 715  South  Crawford  avenue. 
Liberty   (649)— 3707  Fullerton  avenue. 
Lincoln   (1,500) — 3160  Lincoln  avenue. 
Linden   (798)— 743  West  63d  street. 
Log-an  Square   (1.318)— 2532  Milwaukee-av. 
Lowy's    (654) — 740  Milwaukee  avenue. 
Lucille   (503)— 653-657  North  Cicero  avenue. 
Lux   (754)— 106-108  East  35th  street. 
Lyceum    (700)— 3851  Cottage  Grove  avenue. 
Lyda   (925)— 315  North  Cicero  avenue. 
Lyric    (560)— 115th  street  and  Michigan-av. 
Mabel    (655)— 3956-58  Elston  avenue. 
Madison  Square    (1,367) — 4730-40  W.Madison. 
Madlin    (797)— 1910  West  Madison   street. 
Majestic    (1.980)— 18  West  Monroe  street. 
Marlowe   (1,139)— Stewart-av.  and  West  63d-st. 
Marshall   Square    (1.426)— 2869  West  22d-st. 
Marshfield    (924)— 3305-11   N.  Marshfield-av. 
McVicker's    (1,813)— 23  West  Madisan  street. 
Metropolitan    (1,384) — 4644    Grand   boulevard. 
Michig-an   (1.345)— 110-112  East  Garfield  blvd. 
Midway  (900)— Cottage  Grove-av.  and  63d-st. 
Milfor-d  (1  188)— 33H  North  Crawford  avenue. 
Model    (800)— 821  West  69th  street. 
Monarch   (726)— 461  East  31st  street. 
Morse   (565)— 1330-32  Morse  avenue. 
National    (1.188)— 6235    South   Halsted   street. 
New  Apollo    (1.013)— 1540  N^rth  Crawf ord-av. 
Newberry   (709)—  854  North  Clark  street. 
New  Irving-    (579)— 716-718  West  12th  street 
New  Strand   (773)— 2111  West  Division  street. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


939 


North  Avenue  (1.195)— 316  West  North-av. 
Oak   (1.007)— 2000  North  Western  avenue. 
Oakland  Square    (1,424)— 3947-51  Drexel-blVd. 
Oakley   (978)— 2320  West  Chicago  avenue. 
Olympia    (582) — i619-21  South  Ashland-av. 
Olympic   (1.594)— 1(55  North  Clark  street. 
Orchestra  Hall    (2,570)— 216  b.  Michigan-av. 
Orpheum  (794)— 110  South  State  street. 
Orpheus   (879)— 1611-13  West  12th  street. 
Owl    (944)— 4649-53  South  State  street. 
Palace    (1,442)— 1135  Blue  Island  avenue. 
Palace    (1.303)— 127-135  North  Clark  street. 
Palace    (503)— 1826   South   Halsted   street. 
Panorama    (671)— 5110  Prairie  avenue. 
Pantheon   (2.298) — 4642  Sheridan  road. 
Paramount   (988)— 2636  Milwaukee  avenue. 
Park   (568)— 5960  West  Lake  street. 
Parkway   (748)— 2736-38  North  Clark  street. 
Parkway    (774)— 11053  Michigan  avenue. 
Parkway    (960)— 2737  West  22d  street. 
Paulina    (790)— 1335   North  Paulina  street. 
Pekin   (610)— 2700  State  street. 
Peoples  (1.078)— 2207  West  Van  Buren  street. 
Peoples  Theater    (2.111)— 1620  West  47th-st. 
Pershingr    (1,431) — 4614   Lincoln   avenue. 
Pine  Grove   (653)— 717  Sheridan  road. 
Plaisance    (519) — 466  North  Parkside  avenue. 
Playhouse.  The   (550) — 410  S.  Michigan-av. 
Plaza    (1.195)— 308-312  West  North  avenue. 
Powers'    (1.106)— 124  West  Randolph  street. 
Prairie   (902)— 5744  Prairie  avenue. 
President   (719)— 55th  street,  near  Calumet-av. 
Princess  (958)— 319  South  Clark  street. 
Rainbow    (734)— 11311   South  Michigan-av. 
Randolph    (661)    14-16  West  Randolph  street. 
Regrenf  (732)— 6744  Sheridan  road. 
Regent   (824)— 6826  South  Halsted  street. 
Republic   (770)— 3918  Lincoln  avenue. 
Rex   (604)— 6848  South  Racine  avenue. 
Rex    (688)— 2340-42  West  Madison  street. 
Rialto   (1.548)— 336-44  South  State  street. 
Riviera    (2.100) — 4752   Broadway. 
Rose    (727)— 2860  Milwaukee  avenue. 
Roseland    (996)— 11331   South  Michigan-av. 
Rosewood   (985)— 1823  Montrose  boulevard. 
Schindlers   (1,053)— 1005-7  West  Huron  street. 


thakespeare  (996)— 936  East  43d  street, 
heridan    (567)— 935  Irving  Park  boulevard. 
South  Shore   (999)— 6851  btony  Island  avenue. 
St.  Alphonsus   (1.004)— Southport  and  Lincoln 

avenues. 

Star    (1,423)— 1455  Milwaukee  avenue. 
Star  and  Garter   (1.961)— 815-17  W.  Madison. 
State-Lake  (2.820)— 180-196  North  State-st. 
States   (686) — «>oU5-ll  ta'outh  State  street. 
Strand   (693)— 3029-33  Lincoln  avenue. 
Strand  (1.469)— 700  South  Wabash  avenue. 
Studebaker  (1.289) — 418  South  Michigan-av. 
Temple    (543) — 3121  Lincoln  avenue. 
Terminal    (896) — 3308  Lawrence  avenue. 
Thalia   (889)— 1807  Allport  avenue. 
Theater   (897)— 3138-42   South  Halsted  street. 
Tippin    (791)— 4045  West  North  avenue. 
Triangle    (546)— 7219  Wentworth  avenue. 
Twentieth  Century    (932)— 4708  Prairie-av. 
Twentieth  Century   (798)— 3530-38  W.  12th-st. 
Vaudeville   (570)— 501-5  South  Kedzie  avenue. 
Vendome  U.266)— 3143-47  South  State  street. 
Verdi     (958)— 2035-41    West    35th    street. 
Vernon    (742)— 436   East   61st  street. 
Victoria    (1.800)— Belmont  and  Sheffield -a  vs. 
Virginia   (692)— 809  West  Madison  street. 
Vision    (722)— 2650  West  Division  street. 
Vista   (975)— 822  East  47th  street. 
Vitagraph   (998)— 3133  Lincoln  avenue. 
Waverly    (556)— 527  South  Halsted  street. 
Weber's   (1.309)— 1836-40  South  Wabash-av. 
West  End    (1,199)— 121   North  Cicero  avenue. 
White  Palac"  (737)— 1609-11  South  Kedzie-av. 
Willard   (1.195)— 340  East  51st  street. 
Wilson   (1.000) — Wilson  avenue  and  Broadway. 
Wilson    (1.301)— 2408-18  West  Madison-st. 
Windsor   (1.256)— 1235  North  Clark  street. 
Windsor  Park   (556)— 2638  East  75th  street. 
Woodlawn    (1,750)— 63d-st.   and  Woodlawn-av. 
Woods   (1,196)— Randolph  and  Dearbom-sts. 
York    (583)— 641    South   Paulina   street. 
Ziegfeld    (692)— 624  South  Michigan  avenue. 

In  addition  to  the  theaters  nam~d  abov  there 
were  on  Dec.  1,  1919.  a  considerable  number 
of  minor  places  of  amusement  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  less  than  500  each. 


LOCATION  OF  MAIN  RAILWAY  PASSENGER  STATIONS. 


CENTRAL    STATION. 

Park    row    and    12th    street;    south    side. 

Cleveland.   Cincinnati.   Chicago  &  St.   Louis  (Big 

Four). 

Illinois   Central. 
Michigan  Central. 
Grand    Rapids   &    Indiana 

CHICAGO    &    NORTHWESTERN. 
West  Madison  and  Canal  streets;  west  side. 
AJ1  divisions. 

DEARBORN    STATION. 
Dearborn   and    Polk   streets;    south   side. 
Atchison.   Topeka   &  Santa  Fe. 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio. 
Chicago   &  Eastern   Illinois. 
Chicago  &  Western  Indiana. 
Chicago.  Indianapolis  &  Louisville  (Monon). 
Erie, 

Grand  Trunk. 
Wabash. 

GRAND    CENTRAL    STATION. 
South  Wells  and  Harrison  streets;  south  side. 
Baltimore   &   Ohio. 


Chicago  Great  Western. 

Chicago   Terminal   Transfer. 

Minneapolis.    St.    Paul   &   Sault   Ste.   Marie   (Soo 

line:   formerly   Wisconsin   Central). 
Pere  Marquette. 

LA    SALLE     STREET    STATION. 
Van   Buren   and  LaSalle   streets;    south  side. 
Chicago,    Rock  Island   &   Pacific. 
Chicago  &  Indiana  Southern. 
Lackawanna. 

Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern. 
New  York,   Chicago  &  St.   Louis  (Nickel  Plate). 

UNION  STATION. 

Canal     street,     between     Adams     and     Madison; 

west    side. 
Chicago    &    Alton. 
Chicago.   Burlington  &  Quincy. 
Chicago,   Milwaukee  &  St.   Paul. 
Pittsburgh.   Fort  Wayne  &   Chicago. 
Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati.  Chicago  &  St.  Louia  (Pan 
Handle). 


CHICAGO    CITY   CLERKS   SINCE    1837. 


I.   N.    Arnold 1837 

George  Davis 1837-1838 

William    H.    Brackett...         1839 

Thomas    Hoyne 1840-1841 

James  M.   Lowe 1843 

E.    A.    Ruckpr 1844-1815 

William  S.   Brown 1845 

Henry  B.  Clarke 1846-1847 

Sidney    Abell 1848-1850 

H.  Wl  Zimmerman. 1851-56,  1863-64 
H.   Kreisman 1857-1859 


Abraham  Kohn  

1860 

A.   J.   Marble  

.1861-1862 

Albert    H.    Bodman  

.1865-1869 

Charles   T.    Hotchkiss. 

..1869-1873 

Joseph   K.    C.    Forrest. 

..1873-1875 

Caspar  Butz  

.1876-1878 

P.   J.   Howard  

..1879-1883 

J.    G.   Neumeistor  

.1883-1885 

C.    Herman   Plautz...   . 

.1885-1887 

D.    W.    Nickerson  

,1887-1889 

Franz  Amberg  

.1889-1891 

James  R.  B.  Van  Cleave 

1891-1893.    1895-1897 

Charles    D.    Gastneld.  ...1893-1895 

William    Loeffler 1897-1903 

Fred   C.   Bender 1903-1905 

A.    C.    Anson 1905-1907 

John   R.    McCabe 1907-1909 

F.   D.   Connery 1909-1915 

John  Siman 1915-1917 

Joseph    Siman 1917-1917 

James  T.   Igoe 1917- 


940 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


MAP  OF    CHICAGO  SHOWING   GROWTH  BY  ANNEXATIONS. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


941 


»  GROWTH    OF    CHICAGO    BY   ANNEXATIONS. 

Annexations.  Date  of  Act 

A    — Original  town  as  platted  by  canal  commissioners AUK   4  1830 

B    —Town  limits  extended  by  trustees Nov'  6*1833 

0  —Town  of  Chicago  as  incorporated Feb.'ll'  1835 

D    — City  of  Chicago  as  incorporated Mar    4*  1837 

D1  —Withdrawn  by  act  of  legislature Jan.  21  1843 

D»  —Withdrawn  by  act  of   legislature Mar    3*1843 

D1  —Re-annexed  by  act  of  legislature  (0.50  sq.  miles) > 

D2  —Re-annexed  by  act  of  legislature   (0.375  sq.  miles) Vpeb  14  1851 

E    —Extension  by  act  of  legislature  (3.375  sq.  miles) ) 

F    —Extension  by  act  of  legislature  Feb.  12. 1853 

G    —Extension  by  act  of  legislature    Feb  13  1863 

H    —Annexed  as  part  of  Lincoln  park  by  act  of  legislature.  ..Feb    8*1869 

1  —Extension  by  act  of  legislature Feb.  27  1869 

Village  of  Jefferson Feb.  21. 1887 

City  of  Chicago " May  16.  1887 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 

'.4825 

1.5152 

8.2200 

.5000 

.3750 


Tbtal  area. 

sq.  miles. 

.4173 

.8998 

2.4150 

10.6350 

10.1350 

9.7600 


Annexed  at 


J    —Annexed  by  ordinance 

K    —Annexed  by  resolution  "of  Cook  cou'nfy"  commissYon'eYs.\\'Apr  29  1889 
Ll  —Part  of  town  of  Cicero  (1.00  aq.  mile)    >, 
L3  —Town  of  Jefferson  (29.530  sq.  miles)  . 
L»  —City  of  Lake  View  (10.3135  sq.  miles)     > 

I/  —Town  of  Lake  (36.00  sq.  miles) 

L*  —Village  of  Hyde  Park  (49.132  sq.  mi.)    ) 

M  — Part  of  village  of  Gano.  annexed  at  election Apr.  1.1890 

N    — South  Englewood.  annexed  by  ordinance May  12  1890 

01  —Village  Washington  Heights  (2.81  sq.  mi.)      Annexed  at  UT 

02  —Village  of  West  Roseland   (1.793  sq.  mi.)         election.  fNov.  4.  1890 

P    —Annexed  by  ordinance Dec.   4.  1890 

Q    —Village  of  Fernwood.  annexed  at  election Apr.  7.1891 

R1  —Village  of  Rogers  Park   (2.125  sq.  miles)  )  AnnexedaU  A         .   1000 
R»  —Village  of  West  Ridge   (1.75  sq.  miles)..  C     election.  ) I  APF-  4.1893 

S    —Village  of  Norwood  Park,  annexed  at  election Nov.  7.1893 

T    —Part  of  town  of  Calumet,  annexed  by  ordinance Feb.  25. 1895 

U    —Austin,  annexed  at  election Apr.  4.  1899 

V    —Village  of  Edison  Park,  annexed  at  election Nov.  8.1910 

W  — Disconnected    by    ordinance Julyl7.1911 

X    —Village  of  Morgan  Park,  annexed  at  election Apr.  7.  1914 

Y    —Village  of  Clearing,  annexed  at  election Apr.  6.1915 

Z    — Part  of  city  of  Evanston,  annexed  by  ordinance — 

By  city  of  Evanston   Nov.17.1914* 

By  city  of  Chicago  Feb.   8.1915? 

AA— Re-annexed   at  election Apr.   6.1915 

BB— Part  of  town  of  Stickney.  annexed  at  election June  7.1915 

CC— Annexed  by  act  of  legislature July    1. 1915 


4.2500      14.0100 

17.9980 
24.2820 
24.3765 
35.7565 
36.7565 
43.9065 


3.1250 
1.8750 


2. 


.1230 
510 


.3125 


DD — Part  of  Norwood  Park,  annexed  by  ordinance Dec.  17. 1917SLI  1.0000 


169.8360 

171.6090 
174.5080 

179.1110 
179.1570 
180.1380 

184.0130 

186.1380 
187.1380 
190.6380 
191.3255 
191.2905 
194.4155 
196.2905 

196.4135 
196.4345 
198.6845 
198.9970 
199.9970 


STATE    AND    SECTIONAL 

California  Society  of  Illinois— President,  Wil- 
liam W.  Durham:  secretary.  George  Day.  1904 
Warren  avenue. 

Chicago  Colony  of  New  England  Women— Presi- 
dent. Miss  Leila  C.  Brown.  538  East  34th 
street:  recording  secretary.  Mrs.  James  B. 
Barnet.  72  East  Elm  street;  corresponding 
secretary.  Mrs.  Wilbur  H.  Ford.  5431  Wood- 
lawn  avenue. 

Chicago  Society  of  Ohio  Women— President. 
Mrs.  Willis  O.  Nance:  recording  secretary. 
Mrs.  Allen  R.  Smart;  corresponding  secretary, 
Mrs.  Allen  Winch. 

Council  of  State  Societies  of  Chicago— Club- 
room  No^  6.  Auditorium  hotel;  president. 
Orva  G.  Williams;  1st  vice-president.  Miss 
Leila  C.  Brown:  2d  vice-president.  Judge 
John  P.  McGoorty:  secretary.  Miss  Florence 
J.  Allen:  treasurer.  J.  G.  Schaefer;  board  of 
governors,  the  officers  and  Mrs.  D.  Harry 
Hammer,  W.  W.  Norris.  Dr.  Heman  H. 
Brown.  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Cobb.  Mrs.  Ella  M. 
Wood. 

Daughters  of  Indiana— President.  Mrs.  Thomas 
M.  Butler,  1415  East  57th  street:  correspond- 
ing secretary,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Cuddy,  7411  Green- 
view  avenue,  Rogers  Park. 


SOCIETIES    IN    CHICAGO. 

Empire    State    Society    of    Chicago— President, 

George  H.  White:   treasurer,  George  W.  Ford ; 

secretary.    George    W.    Hegel;    headquarter*. 

Auditorium  hotel. 
Hawkeye  Club   of  Chicago    (Iowa)— President. 

John  P.  McKinley:   secretary,  Harry  C.  Ord- 

way.  920  Argyle  street. 
Indiana  Society  of  Chicago — President.  William 

A.     Heath:     first    vice-president.     Edwin    M. 

Allen:  treasurer.  Lucius  Teter;  secretary,  Ed- 
ward M.  Holloway.  725  Federal  building. 
Michigan  Society  of  Chicago— ^President.  Irving 

K.  Pond:  secretary.  John  E.  Sutton.  175  West 

Jackson  boulevard. 
New    England    Society    of    Chicago— President. 

Dr.  Joseph  P.  Cobb:  treasurer.  Henry  R.  Kent: 

secretary.  B.  F.  Paine.  503  West  62d  street. 
Ohio    Society   of   Chicago— President.    John   T. 

Richards;  secretary.  E.  F.  Lapham. 
Pennsylvania  Society  of  Chicago— President,  Dr. 

William  E.  Buehler;  secretary  and  treasurer. 

P.  S.  Goodman,  209  S.  LaSalle-st. 
Wisconsin  Society  of  Chicago— President.  Kem- 

per  H.  Knapp;  secretary-treasurer,  L.  A.  Wil- 

liai 


OFFICERS.  1919-1920. 
President— Frederick  T.   West. 
First  Vice-President—Frank  Hamlin. 
Second  Vice-President—William  S.  Monroe. 
Third   Vice-President— Rollin  T.  Chamberlin. 
Domestic  Corresponding  Secretary — Mrs.  Laurie 

R.  Frazeur. 
Foreign    Corresponding:    Secretary— Charles    S. 

Winslow. 


THE    GEOGRAPHIC   SOCIETY   OF   CHICAGO. 

Organized  Feb.  26.  1898. 


Recording  Secretary— Mrs.  Bertha  B.  Bohn. 

Treasurer— Orpheus  Moyer  Schantz.  P.  O.  Box 
223.  Chicago.  111. 

Directors — Officers  and  George  S.  Isham.  Jesse 
Lowe  Smith.  James  W.  Walker.  Frederick  T. 
West.  Zonia  Baber.  Henry  J.  Cox.  J.  Paul 
Goode.  Henry  J.  Patten.  Henry  Chandler 
Cowles.  Ulysses  Sherman  Grant.  Jens  Jensen. 
Rollin  D.  Salisbury. 


942 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


MAP    OF    CHICAGO 
SHOWING    WARD    BOUNDARIES. 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


943 


CHICAGO    WARD   BOUNDARIES. 

As  fixed  by  the  redistricting  ordinance  of  Dec.  4.  1911. 


Ward. 

1.  Chicago    river    west    and    south    of    Wallace, 
south   to  W.   25th.   east   to  Princeton,    south   to 
W.   28th-pl.,   east  to   S.   Wells-st.,   south   to  W. 
30th,   east  to  Wentworth-av.,   south  to  W.  31st, 
east  to  Lake  Shore  right  of  way.   north  to  W. 
26tn,  east  to  S.  Michigan-av.,  north  to  E.  25th. 
east   to  Indiana-av.,    south  to  E.   26th,   east   to 
South  Park-av..  south  to  E.  31st.   east  to  Lake 
Michigan,  north  to  river. 

2.  Lake    Michigan    and    Slst-dt.,    west    to    South 
Park-av..  north  to  E.  26th,  west  to  Indiana-av., 
north  to  E.  25th,  west  to  S.  Michigan-av..  south 
to  E.   26th,   west  to  Lake   Shore   right  of  way. 
south  to  W.  31st.  west  to  Wentworth-av.,  north 
to  W.  30th,  west  to  S.  Wells-st.,   south  to  W. 
33d,    west    to    Stewart-av.,    south    to    W.    39th, 
east  to  Cottage  Grove-av..   north  to  38th,  east 
to  Lake  Michigan,  north  to  31st. 

».  Lake  Michigan  and  47th.  west  to  St.  Law- 
rence-ay., south  to  E.  49tb,  west  to  S.  State, 
north  to  W.  43d,  west  to  Princeton-av.,  north 
to  W.  39th.  east  to  Cottage  Grove-av..  north 
to  E.  38th,  east  to  Lake  Michigan,  southeast 
to  47th. 

4.  Wallace  and  river  west  and  south  to  W.  34th- 
pi.,  east  to  S.  Halsted,  north  to  W.  34th.  east 
to  Union-av.,  south  to  W.  35th.  east  to  Wal- 
lace, north  to  W.  33d,  east  to  S.  Wells-st., 
north  to  W.  28th-pl.,  west  to  Princeton-av., 
north  to  W.  25th,  west  to  Wallace,  north  to 
river. 

6.  From  Intersection  of  river  and  south  fork 
southwest  along  canal  to  W.  39th.  west  to  S. 
48th-av..  south  to  W.  45th.  east  to  S.  Ashland- 
av..  north  to  W.  43d,  east  to  Prince  ton -av., 
north  to  W.  39th,  west  to  Stewart-av.,  north  to 
W.  33d,  west  to  Wallace,  south  to  W.  35th, 
west  to  Union-av.,  north  to  W.  34th.  west  to 
S.  Halsted,  south  to  W.  35th.  west  to  south 
fork  of  river  and  northwesterly  to  river. 

6.  Lake    Michigan    and   E.    47th-st.    west   to    St. 
Lawrence-ay.,    south    to    E.    49th,    west    to    S. 
State,  south  to  E.  63d,  east  to  South  Park-av.. 
north  to  E.  60th,  east  to  Lake  Michigan,  north- 
west to  47th. 

7.  Lake  Michigan  and  E.  60th-st.,  west  to  South 
Park-av..  south  to  E.  63d,   west  to  Stewart-av., 


south  to  W. 


east  to  Harvarti-av..  south  to 


W.  67th,  east  to  Wentworth-av..  south  to  W. 
71st.  east  to  S.  State,  south  to  E.  75th,  east  to 
Stony  Island-av.,  north  to  E.  73d,  east  to  lake, 
northwest  to  E.  60th. 

8.  Lake  Michigan  and  E.   73d-st.,   west  to  Stony 
Island-av.,  south  through  Lake  Calumet  to  city 
limits,  east  to  Indiana  state  line,  north  to  lake 
and  northwest  to  E.  73d. 

9.  Stony  Island-av.  and  E.  75th.  west  to  S.  State, 
south   to  W.    79th.    west   to   Wallace,    south   to 
W.  84th,  east  to  Stewart-av.,  south  to  W.  103d, 
west  to  S.  Halsted,  south  to  W.  lllth,  west  to 
S.    Peoria.    south    to    W.    115th.    west    to    Vin- 
cennes-av.,    southwest   to   Lyon-av.,    east   to   S. 
Ashland-av..  south  to  W.   123d.  east  to  S.   Hal- 
sted,   south  to  city  limits,   east  to  Stony  Island- 
av.   projected,   and  north  to  E.   75th. 

10.  S.  Racine-av.  and  W.  Roosevelt  road,  west  to 
Loomis,    north    to    Taylor,    west    to    S.    Wood, 
south  to  W.  16th,  east  to  S.  Ashland-av.,  south 
to  river,   northeast   to   S.   Morgan,   north   to  W. 
18th,    east    to    S.    Morgan,    north    to    W.    16th, 
west  to   S.    Racine-av.,   north   to  W.    Roosevelt 
road. 

11.  S.  Wood  aud  Taylor,  west  to  S.  Uakley-bd., 
south  to  W.  Roosevelt  road,  west  to  P.,  C., 
C.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.,  south  to  canal,  northeast  to 
S.    Ashland-av.,    north   to  W.   16th,   west  to  S. 
Wood,   north  to  Taylor. 

12.  W.  Roosevelt  road  and  P.,  C..  C.  &  St.  L.  R. 
R.,    west   to    S.    Kedzie-av.,    south    to  W.    19th, 
west    to    S.    Homan-av.,    north    to    Ogden-av., 


Ward. 

southwest  to  Clifton  Park-av.,  south  to  W.  24th, 
west  to  S.  Central  Park-av.,  south  to  canal, 
northeast  to  P.,  C.,  C.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.,  north 
to  W.  Roosevelt  road. 

13.  W.   Washington-bd.   and   N.   Oakl&y-bd.,   west 
to  N.  40th-av..  south  to  W.  Roosevelt  road,  «ast 
to   S.    Oakley-bd.,   north  to  W.   Washington-Jad. 

14.  W.   Chicago-av.   and   N.    Ashland-av.,    west   to 
N.  40th-av..   south  to  W.  Washington-bd.,   east 
to  N.  Ashland-bd..  north  to  W.  Chicago-av. 

15.  W.  North-av.,   and  N.   Robey,  west  to  N.  St. 
Louis-av..  south  to  W.   Chicago-av.,  east  to  N. 
Ashland-av..  north  to  W.  Division,  west  to  N. 
Robey,   north  to  W.   North-av. 

16.  River  and   Fullerton-av..   west  to  N.   Robey. 
south  to  W.  Division,  east  to  river,  northwest 
to  Fullerton-av. 

17.  River  and  W.  Division,  west  to  N.  Ashland- 
av.,   south  to  W.   Kinzie,  east  to  river,  north- 
west  to    W.    Division. 

18.  River  and   W.    Kinzie,    west  to  N.    Ashland- 
av.,   south  to  W.    Washington-bd..   west  to  N. 
Oakley-bd.,    south    to  Taylor,    east  to   S.    Her- 
mitage-av.,    north    to    W.    Van   Buren,    east   to 
river,  north  to  W.  Kinzie. 

19.  River  and  W.  Van  Buren,  west  to  S.  Herml- 
tage-av.,  south  to  Taylor,  east  to  Loomis.  sooth 
to  W.  Roosevelt  road,  east  to  S.  Halsted,  north 
to  Taylor,   east  ta  S.  Desplaines,   south  to  De- 
Koven,   east  to   S.   Jefferson,   south   to  Bunker, 
east  to  river,  north  to  W.  Van  Buren. 

20.  River  and  Bunker,  west  to  S.  Jefferson,  north 
to  DeKoven,    west  to   S.   Desplaines.    north   to 
Taylor,  west  to  S.  Halsted,  south  to  W.  Roose- 
velt  road,    west  to   S.    Racine-av,    south   to  W. 
16th,    east    to    S.    Morgan,    south    to    W.    18th, 
west  to  S.  Morgan,  south  to  river,  northeast  to 
Bunker. 

21.  Lake  Michigan  and  Fullerton-av..  west  to  N. 
Clark,  southeast  to  Sedgwick.  south  to  W.  Divi- 
sion,  east  to  Orleans,    south   to  river,   east  to 
lake  and  north  to  Fullerton-av. 

22.  Menomonee  and  Sedgwick,   west  to  Larrabee. 
north   to  Center,   west  to  Racine-av.,   south  to 
Clybourn-pl..    west   to  river,    south   and   south- 
east to  Orleans,  north  to  W.  Division,  west  to 
Sedgwick,  north  to  Menomonee. 

23.  Cornelia-av.     and    Lake    Michigan,    west    to 
Southport-av..    south    to    Roscoe.    east    to    Ra- 
cine-av.,  south   to   Fullerton-av..    east  to   Shef- 
field-av.,    south    to    Center,    east    to    Larrabee. 
south   to  Menomonee,    east  to  Sedgwick.    north 
to  N.    Clark,    northwest   to  Fullerton-av.,   east 
to  Lake  Michigan. 

24.  Roscoe  and  Racine-avs.,  west  to  N.  Western- 
av..  south  to  Belmont-av.,  west  to  river,  south- 
east to  Clybourn-pl..   east  to  Racine-av.,  north 
to   Center,   tast  to   Shefh'eld-av..   north   to   Ful- 
lerton-av., west  to  Racine-av.,  north  to  Roscoe. 

25.  Lake   Michigan   and   Rogers-av.,   southwest  to 
Howard,    west  to   Ridge-rd.,    southeast   to   Dev- 
on-av.,    east   to   N.    Clark,    southeast   to    South- 
port-av.,   south    to   Cornelia-av.,    east   to  Lake 
Michigan,    northwest   to   Rogers-av. 

26.  Ridge-rrl.    and    Howard,    wost    to    N.    Kedzie- 
av.,   south   to   Devon-av..    west   to  north   shore 
channel,  south  along  channel  and  river  to  Bel- 
mont-av.,    east    to    N.    Western-av..    north    to 
Roscoe,    east    to    Southport-av.,     north    to    N. 
Clark,    northwest  to  Devon,   west  to  Ridge-rd., 
northwest  to  Howard. 

27.  North   shore   channel   and   Devon-av.,   west   to 
N.    Narragansett-av..    thence   along   city   limits 
as  established  by  annexation  of  Norwood  Park 
to  Park   Ridge-bd.   on  north   and   Highland-ay, 
on  west,  east  and  south  to  Bryn  Mawr-nv..  east 
to    N.    Maynard-nv.,    south    to   Irvine   Park-bd., 
west   to   N.    Harlem-av.,    south   to   Belmont-«Y.. 
east  to  N.  Crawford-av..  south  to  Fullerton-ar.. 
east  to  N.  Central  Park-av.,  north  to  Diversey- 
av.,  east  to  N.  Francisco-av..  north  to  Belmont- 


944 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


av..  east  to  river,   northwest  along  river  and 
channel  to  Devon-av. 

tS.  River  and  Belmont-av..  west  to  N.  Francisco- 
av..  south  to  Diversey-av..  west  to  N.  Sacra- 
mento-av..  south  to  W.  North-av..  east  to  N. 
Robey.  north  to  Pullerton-av..  east  to  river, 
northwest  to  Belmont-av. 

29.  S.    Racine-av.   and   W.    43d,   west   to  S.   Ash- 
land-av..  south  to  W.  45th.  west  to  S.  Cicero- 
av.,  south  to  W.  51st.   west  and  southwest  to 
S.  72d-av..   south  to  W.  59th,  east  to  S.   60th- 
av..    south  to  W.   65th,    east  to  S.    Cicero-av., 
south    to    W.    69th,    east    to    S.    Robey,    south 
to  W.  7lst.  east  to  Loomis.  north  to  W.  66th, 
west    to    S.    Wood,    north    to    W.    Garfield-bd., 
east  to  Loomis.   north   to  W.  47th,   east  to  S. 
Racine-av..   north  to  W.  43d. 

30.  S.  State  and  W.  43d.  west  to  S.  Racine-av., 
eouth  to  W.  47th.  west  to  Loomis.  south  to  W. 
Garfleld-bd..  east  to  S.  State,  north  to  W.  43d. 

H.  S.  State  and  W.  Garfield-bd..  west  to  S. 
Wood,  south  to  W.  66th.  east  to  Loomis.  north 
to  W.  63d.  east  to  S.  State,  north  to  W.  Gar- 
fleld-bd. 

32.  Stewart-av.  and  W.  63d.  west  to  Loomis. 
south  to  W.  71st,  west  to  S.  Robey.  north  to 
W.  69th.  west  to  S.  Cicero-av..  south  to  W. 
87th.  east  to  S.  Western-av..  south  to  W.  99th. 
west  to  Ogden-av.  (Morgan  Park),  south  to  W. 
115th.  east  to  S.  Western-av..  south  to  Lyon- 
av..  east  to  Vincennes-av..  northeast  to  Ray- 


Ward. 

mond,  east  to  S.  Morgan,  north  to  W.  lllth. 
east  to  S.  Racine-av..  north  to  W.  107th,  east 
to  S.  Halsted,  north  to  W.  103d,  east  to  Stew- 
art-av.. north  to  W.  84th.  west  to  Wallace, 
north  to  W.  79th.  east  to  S.  State,  north  to 
W.  71st.  west  to  Wentworth-av..  north  to  W. 
67th.  west  to  Harvard-av..  north  to  W.  66th. 
west  to  Stewart-av..  north  to  W.  63d. 

33.  Diversey  and  N.   Sacramento-ays,    west  to  N. 
Central  Park-av..   south  to  Fullerton-av.,  west 
to  N.  Cra  \vford-av.,  north  to  Belmont-av..  west 
to  N.  Harlem-av.,   south  to  North-av..  east  to 
N.    Austin-av.,    south    to    Madison,    east   to   N. 
Laramie-av.,   north  to  W.    Kinzie.   east  to  N. 
Kenton-av.,    north    to    North-av..    east    to    If. 
Crawford-av..    north    to    Armitage-av..    east  to 
Sacramento-av..  north  to  Diversey-av. 

34.  S.  Kedzie-av.  and  W.  Roosevelt  road,  west  to 
S.  Kenton-av.,  south  to  W.  39th,  east  to  canal, 
northeast  to  S.   Central  Park-av.,   north  to  W. 
24th,  east  to  Clifton  Park-av.,  north  to  Ogden- 
av.,   northeast   to   S.    Homan-av.,    south   to  W. 
19th,  east     to    S.    Kedzie-av.,    north    to    W. 
Roosevelt  road. 

35.  N.  Sacramento  and  Armitage-avs.,  west  to  N. 
Crawford-av.,   south  to  W.   North-av..   west  to 
N.  Kenton-av..  south  to  W.  Kinzie.  west  to  N. 
Laramie-av..  south  to  'Madison,  west  to  S.  Au§- 
tin-av.,    south    to    Roosevelt-rd.,    east    to    S. 
Crawford-av.,  north  to  W.  Chicago-av.,  east 
to  St.  Louis-av..  north  to  W.  North-av..  east 
to   Sacramento-av..   north  to  Armitagre-av. 


CHICAGO  AT 

Port  Dearborn  established 1803 

Fort  Dearborn  massacre Aug.  15.  1812 

Chicagro  surveyed  and  platted 1830 

Cook   county   organized 1831 

Town  of  Chicago  incorporated..  .August.   1833 

City  of  Chicago  incorporated March  4.  1837 

First  election  held March  31,  1837 

First   money   panic 1837 

First  railroad  opened 1848 

Cholera    epidemic 1854 

Second  money  panic 1857 

Great  fire    (loss  8200,000.000)  .Oct.  8-9.  1871 

Third  financial   panic 1873 

City  incorporated  under  general  law 

April    23.    1875 

Savings  bank  crash 1877 

World's   Fair    held 1893 

Centennial  celebrated Sept.  26-30.  1903 

Iroquois  theater  fire Dec.  30.  1903 

Eastland  disaster July  24,  1915 

Race  riots July  27-Auer.  2.  1919 

Population  July  1.  1919  (est.)— 2,647.353. 
Appropriations,  all  purposes  (1919)—  $58,800,- 

404.16. 

Area  in  square  miles— 200.371. 
Assessed  valuation,  total  all  property   (1918), 

$1. 082. 763.780    (one-third    actual   value). 
Assets,    fixed     (1918).    S214.769.758.75. 
Asylums— 127. 

Banks,  national,  state  and  private— 168. 
Boulevards,   mileage   of — 62. 
Cemeteries,   number  of — 59. 
Churches,   chapels   and   missions — 1.200. 
Clearings    by    associated    banks    (1918)—  $25.- 

930.200.367. 

Debt  gross  funded   (1918)— $35,408,700. 
Dispensaries — 22. 
Elevation— Above    sea    level.    600    feet:    above 

Lake  Michigan.  19  feet. 

Employes  on  city  pay  rolls    (1917)— 32.342. 
Expense,    municipal    (1917)— 876.918.788.65. 
Exports,    direct    (1918)— 870.932.414. 
Firemen,   number  of.   including  officers— 2.031. 
Fire  alarm  boxes — 2.147. 


A  GLANCE. 

Fireboats— 6. 

Fire  engines— 126. 

Fire  engine  companies — 126. 

Fire  hook  and  ladder  companies— 34. 

Hospitals— 84. 

Imports   of  merchandise    (1918)^833,208.376. 

Internal   revenue   collected   in   Chicago   district 

(1918)— 8304.374.930.33. 
Latitude— N.  41  deg.  53  min.  6  sec. 
Length  of  city,  north  to  south,  miles— 26. 
Libraries— 31. 

Lights,    street,   in  service— 57.637. 
Longitude— 87  deg.  38  min.  1  sec.  west. 
Mail  carriers   (1919)— 2.185. 
Mail.,  pieces  of.  handled,  fiscal  year   (1919)— 

2,150.379,983. 
Manufactures    in    1914.    value    of    product  — 

81.482,814.000. 
Medical  schools— 29. 
Newspapers  and  periodicals — 820. 
Parks,  area  of  public,  in  acres— 3,949. 
Police    force,    all   branches — 1.706. 
Postal   receipts,    year  ending   June  30.    1919— 

832.243.751.32. 
Postal    savings   banks  depositors    (1919)— 22.- 

748. 
Pupils    enrolled    in    public    schools     (1919)— 

377.058. 

Railroads  (divisions  not  included)  entering  Chi- 
cago— 27. 

Revenue,   municipal    (1918)— 891.484.241.30. 
Saloons,  number  of  (Nov.  1,  -1919) — 4.750. 
Schools,   public,   number  of— 288. 

ttreet.  longest    (Western  avenue),  miles— 23%. 
treet  railway  mileage— 1,350. 
Streets    and    alleys,    tofra-1    mileage — i.824. 
Teachers  in  public  schools,  number  of— 8.558. 
Tonnage  of  vessels  cleared  (1918)— 10,437.499. 
Value     (actual)     of    real    estate    and    personal 

property    (1918)— 83.248.291.340. 
Water   used  in   a  year    (1917).   gallons— 234,- 

132.030.000. 
Width  of  city,  east  to  west — 9  miles. 


THE    CHICAGO    REAL    ESTATE   BOARD. 

26  North  Dearborn  street. 

President— Ivan  O.  Acklpy  I  Secretary— Bartholomew   OToole. 

Vice-President—Arthur  W.  Draper.  I  Treasurer— John  R.  Magill. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


ASYLUMS,   HOMES  AND   NURSERIES  IN  CHICAGO   AND   VICINITY. 


Ajrard  Deaconess   Host   Home— Lake   Bluff. 

Altenheim— (See   German  Old  People's  Home). 

Augustan*  Central  Home— 1346  North  LaSalle 
street. 

Augustana  Home  for  the  Aged— 7544  Stony 
Island  avenue. 

Augustaua   Nursery— 1346  North   LaSalle  street. 

Augustana   Nurses'    Home— 351   Gartield   avenue. 

Augustana  Women's  Home— 1307  East  54th  street. 

Bacon  Home  for  Missionaries'  Children  — 11016 
South  Irving  avenue. 

Baptist  Old  People's  Home— 316  South  4th  avenue. 
Maywood. 

Bethany  Home  tor  the  Aged — 5015  North  Paulina 
street. 

Bethany  Home  for  Young  Ladies— 824  Center 
street. 

Bethlehem  Creche  Day  Nursery— 235  West  63d 
street. 

Beulah  Home— 2144   North   Clark  street. 

Bohemian  Old  People's  Home — 5061  North  Craw- 
ford avenue. 

Chicago  Baptist  Orphanage— Maywood. 

Chicago  Deaconesses'  Home— 22  West  Erie  street. 

Chicago  Home  for  Convalescent  Women  and  Chil- 
dren—1516  West  Adams  street. 

Chicago   Home   for   Girls— 5024  Indiana  avenue. 

Chicago  Home  for  Incurables — 5535   Kills  uveuue. 

Chicago  Home  for  Jewish  Orphans— Drexel  ave- 
nue and  62d  street. 

Chicago  Industrial  Home  for  Children — Office  1132 
West  Washington  boulevard. 

Chicago  Light  House— 3321  West  22d  street. 

Chicago  Municipal  Lodging  House— 162  North 
Union  avenue. 

Chicago  Nursery  and  Half  Orphan— 1932  Burling 
street. 

Chicago  Orphan — 5120  South  Park  avenue. 

Chicago   Shelter    llome— 547   Maxwell   street. 

Chicago   State    Hospital— Dunuin 


W< 


Chicago   Woman's  Shelter — 1356   West   Monroe-st. 
Christopher    House    Day    Nursery— 1616   Fullerton 

avenue. 

Church  of  God  and  Saints  of  Christ  Day  Nurs- 
eries   and    Orphanage    and    Home— 5405    South 

Dearborn  street. 
Church.    Home    for    Aged   Persons— 6435    Ingleside 

avenue. 

Cook   County   Home   (for   Poor)— Oak   Forest. 
Cook  County  Kiuderheim— 1356  North  Rockwell-st. 
Co-Operative     League     of     Chicago     (Homes     for 

Business     Mothers    and    Their    Children)— 2217 

and  5131  Calumet  avenue. 

Danish  Lutheran  Orphan — 3320  Evergreen  avenue. 
Danish   Old  People's   Home — 6809  Hurlbut  street. 
Emerson  House  Day  Nursery— 1906  Emerson-av. 
Evangelical    Deaconesses'     Home — 408    Wisconsin 

street. 

Faith  Missionary  Home — 300  West  74th  street. 
Florence    Crittenton    Anchorage — 2615    Indiana-av. 
Foundlings'  Home — 15  South  Wood  street. 
Frances    Juvenile    Homo — 433    East    42d    street. 
German    Baptist    Deaconess    Home   and   Hospital 

Society— 3264   Cortland   street. 

German    Deaconesses'    Homo— 824    Center    street. 
German  Hospital   Nurses'    Home — 2329   Cambridge 

avenue. 

German   Old  People's  Home— Forest  Park,   111. 
Guardian  Angel.   German  Orphan — 2001  Devon-av. 
Hebrew   Sheltering  Home — 1336   South   Morgan-st. 
Helen  Day  Nursery— 702  Barber  street. 
Home  for  the  Aged — West  Harrison  and  Throon. 


Home    for    Aged    Jew 
street 


-Drexel    avenue    and    62d 


Home   for   Aged   and    Infirm   Colored   People— 510 

West   Garfield   boulevard. 
Home  for  Destitute  Crippled  Children— 1653  Park 

avenue. 
Home  for  the  Friendless — Vincennes  avenue  and 

5lst  street.  * 
Home  for  Jewish  Friendless  and  Working  Girls— 

63d  street  and  Ellis  avenue. 
Hope  Hall — 6036  Ravenswood  avenue. 
House  of  the  Good   Shepherd — 1126  Grace  street. 
Illinois   Industrial    Home    for   the    Blind— 1900-1932 

Marshall   boulevard. 
Illinois  Industrial  School  for  Girls-Park  Ridge. 


Illinois  Masonic  Homes— LaGrange  and  Sullivan, 

Illinois  Manual  Training  School  Farm— Glen  wood. 
111.  Office  608.  160  West  Jackson  boulevard. 

Illinois  St.  Andrew  Society  Old  People's  Home 
—Riverside.  111. 

Immanuel  Women's  Home— 1505  North  LaSalle-st. 

Indiana    House— 12    East    Grand    avenue. 

Institutional  Church  Day  Nursery  (colored)— 3828 
South  Dearborn  street. 

Jackson  Park  Sanitarium— 64th  street  and  tb« 
lake. 

Jane  Ridley  Home  for  Soldiers'  Widows  (col- 
ored)—3852  Forest  avenue. 

Jewish    Shelter    House— 1316   Turner    avenue. 

Josephine  Club — 515  South  Ashland  avenue. 

Juvenile  Detention   Home — 771  Gilpin  place. 

Kinderheim   House — 1356  North   Rockwell  street. 

King  (James  C.)  Home  for  the  Aged— Garfleld 
boulevard  and  South  Park  avenue. 

Lawrence  Hall  (home  for  boys)— 2850  Lawrence 
avenue. 

Louise  Training  School  for  Colored  Boys— 6130 
South  Ada  street. 

Lutheran  Orphans'   Home — Addison.    111. 

Margaret  Etter   Creche— 2421   Wabash   avenue. 

Marks  Nathan  Jewish  Orphan— 1550  S.  Albany-ar. 

Martha  Washington  Home— North  Western  ave- 
nue and  Irving  Park  boulevard. 

Mary  Crane  Day  Nursery— 818  Gilpin  place. 

McKinley  Home  for  Working  Giris— 661  South 
Ashland  avenue. 

Mercy  Home— 2834  Wabash  avenue. 

Methodist  Deaconess  Orphanage— Lake  Bluff 

Methodist  Episcopal  Old  People's  Home— 1417 
Foster  avenue. 

Miriam  Club.  Homes  for  Jewish  Working  Girls— 
481a  Champlain  atenue 

Mission  of  Oar  Lady  of  Mercy— 1138  West  Jack- 
son boulevard. 

National  Park  Seminary  Day  Nursery— 329  West 
24th  street. 

North  Avenue  Day  Nursery— 2138  West  North 
avenue. 

Norwegian-Danish  Deaconess  Home— 1925  North 
Sawyer  avenue. 

Norwegian   Lutheran   Bethesda   Home— 2244  Had- 


Children's     Home— Edison 


don  avenue. 
Norwegian     Lutheran 

Park. 
Norwegian  Lutheran  Deaconess  Home— 1138  North 

Leavitt   street. 

Norwegian  Old  People's  Home— 6054  Avondale-ar. 
Ogontz  Day  Nursery— 1600  Allport  street. 
Old  People's  Home— 4724  Vincennes  avenue. 
Orphan   and  Convalescent  Lame  of  St.   Mary  of 

Nazareth— 4423  North  Paulina  street. 
Orthodox    Jewish    Home    for    the    Aged— Albany 

and  Ogden  avenues. 

Park  Ridge   School   for  Girls— Park  Ridge. 
Parting  of  the  Ways  Home— 112  West  22d  street 
Paulist  Day  Nursery— 919  South  Wabash  avenue 
Phyllis  Wheatley  Home— 3530  Forest  avenue. 
Presbyterian   Home— Highland   Park. 
Protestant    Association    Home    for    Children— Jl» 

Normal    parkway. 

Providence  Day  Nursery— 3052  Grattan  avenue. 
ReFthaven — 3360    South    Park    avenue. 
St.    Charles    School    for    Boys— St.    Charles.    111. 
St.    Elizabeth    Day    Nursery— 906    N.    Franklln-st. 
St.   Joseph's   Home   for   Aged   and    Crippled— 2649 

North   Hamlin   avenue. 
St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Friendless— Lake  Park 

avonue    and   35th    strpot. 
St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Working  Girls— 1100  South 

Mav   street. 

St.    Mary  of  Nazareth's    Home— 4423   North   Mul- 
ligan avenue. 

St.    Mary's   Home   for  Children— 2822  West  Jack- 
son  boulevard. 

St.  Mary's  Mission  House— 850  Washington  blvd. 
St.  Mary's  Nursery — 2822  West  Jackson  boulevard 
St.  Mary's  Settlement  and  Day  Nursery— 651 

West   44th    street. 

St.     Mary's  Training  School  for  Boys— Des  Plainer. 
St.   Vincent's  Infant  Asylum— 721  North   LaSalle 

street. 


946 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Strah  Haokott  Stevenson  Memorial  Lodging 
House  for  Women— 2412  Prairie  avenue. 

South  Chicago  Day  Nursery — 9011  Burley  avenue. 

Susanna   Wesley    Home— 3143   South   Michigan-av. 

Swedish  Baptist  Old  People's  Home— 11404  South 
Irving  avenue. 

Uhlich    Evangelical    Lutheran    Orphan   Asylum— 

•   2014  Burling  street. 

Volunteers  of  America  Children's  Home— 
Evanston;  day  nursery,  1213  Washington-hd. 


Walther  League  Hospice  Home — 4331  Calumet-av. 

Washingtonian  Home— 1529  West  Madison  street. 

Western  German  Baptist  Old  People's  Home— 
1851  North  Spaulding  avenue. 

Working  Men's  Home  and  Life  Boat  Mission— 
32  North  State  street. 

Young  Woman's  Christian  Association  Home— 
830  South  Michigan  avenue. 

Young  Woman's  Christian  Home — 318  South  Ash- 
In  nd  boulevard. 


FOSPITALS    AND    DISPENSARIES   OF    CHICAGO. 

Presbyterian— West  Congress  and  Wood  streets. 

Provident— Dearborn   and   36th   streets. 

Psychopathic— South  Wood  and  Polk  streets. 

Pullman — 11217  Watt  avenue. 

Havenswood— 1917    Wilson   avenue. 

lobert  Burns— 3807   Washington  boulevard. 

St.   Anne's— 4900  Thomas  street. 

St.    Anthony    de    Padua— West    19tb    street    and 

Marshall   boulevard. 

3t.    Bernard's    Hotel   Dieu— 6337  Harvard  avenue. 
St.  Elizabeth's — North  Claremont  avenue  and  Le- 


Alexian   Brothers' — 1200  Belden   avenue. 
American— 2058  West  Monroe  street. 
Auburn  Park — 7845  Winneconna  avenue. 
Augustana— 2043  Cleveland  aveuue. 
Beulah— 2148  North  Clark  street. 
Bohemian— 1333  South  California  avenue. 
Chicago  City  Infant— 721  North  LaSalle  street. 
Chicago    Fresh   Air — 2450   Howard   street. 
Chicago  Lying-in — 5038  Vincennes  avenue. 
Chicago  Maternity— 2314  North  Clark  street. 
Chicago  Policlinic— 221  West   Chicago  avenue. 
Chicago  Union — 830  Wellington  avenue. 
Children's— Wood  street,  near  Polk. 
Children's   Memorial— 735    Fullerton   avenue. 
Columbia— 4607  Champlain  avenue. 
Columbus — 2540  Lake  View  avenue. 
Columbus  Extension — West  Polk  and  Lytle-sts. 
Cook   County— West    Harrison   and   Wood  streets. 
Detention— Wood    and    West   Polk   streets. 
Durand,   Annie  W.— Wood  and  York  streets. 
Edward   Sanitarium— Naperville.    111. 
Emergency    (city)— 1065   West  Monroe   street,    175 
West     Jackson     boulevard     (room     1015),     1260 
West  Madison  street  and   621  Orleans  street. 
Englewood— West  60th  and  South  Green  streets. 
Evangelical    Deaconesses' — 408  Wisconsin  street. 
Fort  Dearborn— 3830  Rhodes  avenue. 
Frances    E.    Willard    National    Temperance — 710 

South  Lincoln  street. 

Garfield  Park— 3815  Washington  boulevard. 
George  Smith  Memorial— See  St.  Luke's. 
German-American— 741    Diversey   boulevard. 
German  Evangelical  Deaconess — 959  West  54th-pl. 
German  Hospital— 549-559  Grant  place. 
Hahnemann— 2814  Groveland  avenue. 
Henrotin  Memorial — 939  North  LaSalle  street. 
Hygeia — 2715    South    Michigan    avenue. 
Illinois   Central— 5744  Stony  Island  avenue. 
Illinois    Charitable    Eye    and   Ear   Infirmary — 904 

West  Adnms  street. 
Iroquois   Memorial    Emergency — 23   N.    Market-st. 
Isolation— S.   Lawndale-av.   and  W.   36th-st. 
Jefferson  Park— 1402  West  Monroe  street. 
Lake  Shore— 4147  Lake  Park  avenue. 
Lakeside — 3410   Rhodes  avenue. 
Lake   View— 4420   Clarendon   avenue. 
Littlpjohn— 1410   West    Monroe   street. 
Maimonides — 1519  South  California  avenue. 
Mary    Thompson — West    Adams    and    Paulina-sts 
Maternity    and   Infant    Hospital   of   Chicago— 1900 

South   Kedzie   avenue. 
Memorial  Institute  for  Infectious  Diseases— South 

Wood   and  Flournoy  streets. 
Mercy— Calumet   avenue  and   26th  street. 
Michael  Reese — Groveland  avenue  and  29th  street. 
Mount   Sinai — California   avenue  and  15th  street. 
Neal  Institute— 811  East  49th  street. 
North  Chicago— 2551  North  Clark  street. 
Northwest  Side — 1627  West  North   avenue. 
Norwegian  Lutheran— 1138  North  Leavitt  street. 
Norwegian   Lutheran   Tabitha— 1044   N.   Francisco. 
Park  Avenue— 1940   Park  BVPIV.IC. 
Passavant   Memorial— 149  West  Superior  street. 
People's — 22d  street  and  Archer  avenue. 
Post-Graduate — Dearborn   and  24th  streets. 


movne  street. 
3t.  Joseph's — Garfield  avenue  and  Burling  street. 

Luke's— 1433   Michigan  avenue. 
3t.  Luke's  Hospital  Training  School  for  Nurses— 

1416  Indiana  avenue. 
St.  Mary  of  Nazareth — North  Leavitt  and  Thomas 

streets. 
Sarah    Morris    Hospital    for   Children — Groveland 

avenue  and  East  29th  street. 
Sheridan  Park — 628  Belmont  avenue. 
South  Chicago— 2325   East  92d  place. 
South   Park— 218   East   65th   place. 
Streeter— 2646  Calumet  avenue. 
Swedish  Covenant — 2739  Foster  avenue. 
Tuberculosis — North    Crawford    and    Bryn    Mawt 

avenues. 

United  States  Marine — 4141  Clarendon  avenue. 
University— 432  South  Lincoln  street. 
Washington    Boulevard,— 2449    Washington-bvd. 
Washington  Park — 60th  street  and  Vernon  avenue. 
Wesley— 2449    Dearborn   street. 
West  Side— 1844   West  Harrison  street. 
West  Side  Emergency— 1260  West  Madison  street. 

DISPENSARIES. 
Alexian   Brothers'    Hospital — Belden   and   Racine 

avenues. 

Bennett  Free— 300  North  Ada  street. 
Calumet   Clinic— 2527   Calumet   avenue. 
Central  Free— West  Harrison  and  Wood  streets. 
Chicago    Christian    Industrial   League— 884    South 

State  street. 
Chicago  College  of  Osteopathy— 1422  West  Monroe 

street. 

Chicago  Lying-in— Maxwell-st.    and  Newberry-av. 
Chicago  Policlinic— 219  West  Chicago  avenue. 
Children's  South  Side  Free— 705  West  47th  street. 
Hahnemann  College  Free— 2811  Cottage  Grove. 
Illinois     Charitable     Eye     and     Ear— 124     South 

Peoria   street. 
Jewish   Aid  Society  and  Emanuel  Mandel.   West 

Side,  Free— 1012  Maxwell  street. 
Lincoln— 700   South   Lincoln   street. 
Marcy  Center— 1335  Newberry  avenue. 
Mnry  Thompson— West  Adams  and  Paulina  streets. 
Olivet — 1500  Cleveland  avenue. 
Post-Graduate—Dearborn  and  24th  streets. 
Provident   Free — 16   West   36th   street. 
Salvation  Army  Free— 673  South  State  street. 
South  Side — 2431  Dearborn  street. 
Volunteers    of    America    Free— 1201    Washington 

boulevard. 

West    Side    Free — Congress    and    Honore    streets 
(College   of  Physicians  and   Surgeons). 


STATE'S   ATTORNEYS 

1852-1856— Patrick  Ballingall.  Dem. 
1856-1860— Daniel  Mcllroy.  Dem. 
1860-1862— Carlos  Haven,  Rep. 
1862-1864— Joseph  Knox.  Rep. 
1864-1876— Charles  H.  Reed.  Rep. 
1876-1884— Luther  Laflin  Mills.  Rep. 
1884-1888— Julius  S.  Grinnell,  Dem. 


OF  COOK    COUNTY     (1852-1920). 

1888-1892— Joel  M.  Long-enecker.  Rep. 
1892-1896— Jacob  J.  Kern.  Dem. 
1896-1904— Charles  S.  Deneen,  Rep. 
1904-1908— John  J.  Healy.  Rep. 
1908-1912— John  E.  W.  Wayman,  Rep. 
1912-1920— Maclay  Hoyne,  Dem. 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


947 


CHICAGO'S    LAKE    TRADE. 

ARRIVALS   AND    CLEARANCES    OF    VESSELS.* 


t  Arrivals.  x 

/  Clearances.  * 

f  Arrivals.  ^  f  —  Clearances.  —  * 

Tear.           No. 

Tons. 

No. 

Tons. 

Year.           No.           Tons.           No.           Tons. 

1870. 

.12.739 

3.049,265 

12.433 

2.983,942 

1914..         6.118     9.781.986      6.132      9.794,928 

1871. 

.12,320 

3,096.101 

12.312 

3.082.235 

1915..         6.767  10.132.476      5,808   10.307.777 

1872. 

.12,824 

3,059.752 

12.531 

3.017,790 

1916..         6.772  11.379.968      5,774   11.369.599 

1873. 

.11.858 

3.226.911 

11.876 

3.338.803 

1917..         5.078  10.835.925      5.130   10.948.048 

1874. 

.10.827 

3,195,633 

10.720 

3.134.078 

1918..         4,166   10.356.289     4,191   10.437.499 

1875. 

1876. 
1877. 
1878. 

1  Q^O 

.10.488 
.    9.621 
.10.233 
.10.490 

no  r  o 

3.122,004 
3.089.072 
3,274,332 
3,608.534 

30017  nQ^ 

10.607 
9.628 
10.284 
10.494 
10  ni  A. 

3.157.051 
3.078.264 
3.311.083 
3.631.139 
o  QTH  Qnn 

•Comprises  Chicag-o.  Michig-an  City.  Wauke- 
g-an,   Gary   and  Indiana  Harbor. 
RECEIPTS  BY  LAKE  IN  1918. 
Coal     hard     tons                                          441  740 

lo/y. 

i  ftwn 

,ooy 

1  O    O1  Q 

,00  /  ,uyo 

4-  fil  fi  QfiQ 

*i.U  J-'i 

13  302 

o.o  /  U.oUU 
4  537  382 

Coal    soft    tons   ..                              ....    964,387 

J.OOU. 

1  CGI 

.  J.  «>,.-,  J.  O 
1  Q   A/1Q 

rt.o  j-o,yoy 

A    ROQ    F^^\ft 

i  0*0^*7 

4'*?9ft*ftftQ 

Salt     tons                                                    .       88  150 

J.OO-L. 

1  ftft2 

.  Jlo.U^rO 

13  351 

4,OOO,DOO 

4  849  950 

i  —  ,JfO  / 

13  626 

,<£>£o,Doy 

4  904  999 

Iron  ore,   tons*  6.293,506 

JLOO-6. 

"1  QQO 

n'o£*rr 

3*0-1  of4«4 

1  2*01  ^ 

3*00^*070 

Iron     manufactured    tons             2,289 

J.OOO. 
JQQ  A 

.,yo  / 

1  1    Qf^A 

,O  J.  /i.TrOTC 
3*7FCft  Q*7Q 

J./i,U  J.O 

n4.TO 

.you.o  /o 

3*7^1    r7Ofl 

Lumber    M                                                        62  664 

OO"X. 

ope 

.  -LJ.,oD3: 

i  n  ^7*14. 

»  /oo,y  /  o 
3  653  936 

,4:  t  & 

10  798 

t  f  OX,  /  yoO 

3  652  286 

Railroad    ties     pieces  37.200 

ooO. 
1  OCA 

.  -LU,  /'±*t 
111  f^TT 

Q'QOA'QI  Q 

n'oi  P; 

8*ORf)''7AQ 

Sug-ar     tons                                       3176 

J-OoD. 
Joorr 

.  J.J..  J.D  / 

1  1   o-*^n 

o,y/wO,o  j-o 

4QOQ  OQ»7 

.•JvXQ 

i  o  no^ 

o.you,  i\j<4 
A  AOI  F;  AH 

Unclassified    tons                                       1  514  471 

ooT. 

888. 

.  j--L,yovJ 
.10.989 

,o/wo,.wy  & 
4,393.768 

J-/i,U>w«3 

11.106 

^,^41,OOU 

4.496.898 

•Exclusive    of    3,848.546    tons    received    at 

1889. 

.10.804 

6,102.790 

10.984 

6.155.041 

Gary.  Ind..  and  1,203,241  tons  received  at  In- 

1890. 

.10.507 

5.138.253 

10.547 

6.150.665 

diana  Harbor.  Ind. 

1891. 
1892. 

.10.224 
.10.556 

5,524.852 
5.966.626 

10.294 
10.567 

5.506.700 
5.698.337 

SHIPMENT   BY  LAKE  IN  1918. 
Flaur     tons    57,654 

1893. 
1894. 

.    8.754 
.    8.259 

5,456.637 
5.181.260 

8.789 
8.329 

5.449,470 
5.211.160 

Wheat     bushels                               ..    ..38706745 

Corn     bushels                                              3  036  525 

1895. 

1896. 

.    9.212 
.    8.663 

6.329,702 
6.481.152 

9.363 
8.773 

6.392,497 
6.591.203 

Oats    bushels   30.775.312 

Rve    bushels                     1  398  700 

1897. 

.    9,156 

7.209.442 

9.201 

7.185.324 

Millstuffs     tons   13,247 

Jill: 

1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903 

.   9.428 
.    8.346 
.    8.714 
.   8.430 
.    8.083 
7  650 

7.557.215 
6.353.715 
7.044.995 
6.900.999 
7.179.053 
7  587  410 

9.562 

8.429 
8.839 
8.471 
8.164 
7  721 

7.686.448 
6.390.260 
7.141.105 
6,930.  883,,j 
7.229.  342* 
7  720  225 

Wool    sacks         .                       46  982 

Merchandise,    unclassified,    tons  337,177 
From     Indiana     Harbor.     Ind..     there     were 
shipped  733.500  barrels  of  oil  and  2.125.00O 
barrels   of  gasoline. 

1904! 

.    6!631 

614301088 

6'.671 

6!514l934 

TONNAGE    OF    CHICAGO    DISTRICT.     1918. 

1905. 

.    7.236 

7.364.192 

7.268 

7.375.963 

/  Arrivals.  ^  ,  —  Clearances.  —  N 

1906. 

.    7.017 

7.969.621 

7.055 

7.665.709 

Port.            No.      Tonnage.       No.        Tonnage. 

1907. 

.    6.745 

8.057,062 

6.736 

7.995.211 

Chicago   ...3,302     6,787.891  3.346     6,989.476 

1908. 

.   5.787 

7.241.845 

5.805 

7.296.745 

Mich.  City.       20             5.261         21              5,566 

1909. 

.   6,390 

8.772.667 

6.390 

8.785.841 

Waukegan.       31           57.596         22           41,285 

1910 

6  523 

9  430  074 

6  551 

9  470  572 

Gary    .        .     490      2  164,261       483      2  133  035 

1911. 

.    6.252 

8>87!686 

6.284 

8.859.007 

Ind.  Harbor    323     1,341,280      319     1,268,107 

1  Q1  0 

6  240 

9  971  738 

6  243 

10  086  °09 

ilii: 

!   6i532 

10>74;i33 

6!506 

I0i793;6o0 

Total  4,166  10,356,289  4,191  10.437,499 

CHICAGO  RECEIPTS  AND  SHIPMENTS   (1913-1918). 

-[From  board  of  trade  reports.] 
RECEIPTS. 


Article. 

Pork,  brls 

Other  meats.  Ibs. 

Lard,  Ibs 

Butter.  Ibs 

Wool,  Ibs 

Hides.  Ibs 

Flaxseed.  bu... 
Grass  seed.  Ibs. 

Salt,  brls 

Lumber.  1.000  ft 

Flour,   brls 

Wheat,  bu 

Corn,  bu 

Oats,  bu 


Pork,  brls 

Other  meats,  Ibs. 

Lard.  Ibs 

Butter.  Ibs 

Wool.  Ibs 

Hides.  Ibs 

Flaxseed.  bu... 
Grass  seed.  Ibs. 

Salt,  brls 

Lumber.  1.000  ft 

Flour,  brls 

Wheat,  bu 

Corn,  bu 

Oats,  bu 


1913.       1914.       1915. 

2,989      18.571     15,401 
112.942.000  236,531.000  172.990.000 
58,399.000   64.384.000  106.780.000 
311.557.000  344.879,000 
70.182.000  80.327,000 
124.357.000  115.734.000  150.262.000 
1.148.000   1,292,000    1.225.000 
74.191,000  73.071.000   74.435.000 
2.144.113 
2.215.696 
9.709.000 
99.290.000 


286,220.000 

44.636.000 

106.662.060 

2.801.000 

56.807.009 

2.204.594 

2.804,430 

10,268.000 

50.372.000 

127.773.000 

124.405.000 


1916.       1917. 

4.875       7.223 
228.229.000  334.693.000 
120.915.000  108.460.000 
359.195.000  323.100.000 
118.390.000   77.594.000 
152.603.000 
1.222.000 
80.147.000 
1.509.083 


3.354.117 

9.678.000 

31.751,000 

70.854.000 


1.814.920    1.561.212 
2.379.729    3.017.240 
9.063.000    9.353.000 
70.704.000   74.944.000 
106.600.000  95.357.000  102.376.000 
138.400,000  133,475.000  161.244.000  125.910.000 

SHIPMENTS. 

144.014     176.821     222.049 
614.048.000  650.510.000  870.314.000 
273.725.000  302,500.000  325.641.000 
295.784.000  333.993.000 
102.781.000  107.710.000 


274.542.000 

100.031.000 

165.565.000 

138.000 

61.014.000 

714.254 

954.159 

6.190000 

45.999.000 

92.530.000 


198.930     147.620 

§04.791.000  875.646.000 
66.813.000  262.849.000 
347.550.000  315.384.000 
130.964.000  112.563.000 


173.946.000  189.976.000  246,924.000  233.368.000 


31.000 
60.405.000 
808.112 
1.019.066 
7.443.000 
85.468.000 
65.259.000 


33.000 
54.203.000 
813.034 
1,133.417 
7.674.000 
55.576.000 
73.667.000 


98,377,000  122.756.000  122.469,000 


27.000 
63.946.000 
1.052.479 
3.393.022 
8.332.000 
61.187.000 
61.78-2.000 
116.875.000 


42.000 
59.079.000 
941.056 
1.518.866 
8.383.000 
24.047.000 
36.006.000 
101,078.000 


1918. 

6.931 

271,321.000 

125.762.000 

277.661,000 

89.352,000 

156,030,000 

481,000 

55.777.000 

1.432,234 

2.329,071 

8,914,000 

69.610,000 

100.409,000 

137.072.000 


102.187 

948.922.000 

334,602.000 

229.745.000 

87.872, OOO 

194,146.000 

8.000 

40.790,000 

545,158 

1.064,199 

6.436.000 

49.984,000 

39.877.000 

86.738.000 


948 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


CHICAGO    CLUBS    AND     CLUBHOUSES. 


Adventurers'  Club— 26  North  Dearborn  street: 
president.  J.  Blair  Crawford;  secretary.  H, 

E.  Doty. 

Advertising1  Association— President.  Clinton  P. 
Lampman:  secretary.  George  W.  Rabineth. 

Aero  Club  of  Illinois— President.  Charles  Dick- 
inson; secretary.  Lee  Hammond. 

Alliance  Francaise— President,  Henry  J.  Patten; 
corresponding:  secretary.  Miss  Elizabeth  J. 
Mundie.  410  S.  Michigan  avenue. 

American  Unity  (formerly  The  (je.-man  Club 
of  Chicago),  for  Americans  of  German  origin 
— President.  William  Rothmann;  secretary, 
Charles  W.  Wurster.  40  N.  Dearborn  street. 

Arche— President.  Mrs.  Will  C.  Thorbus;  cor- 
responding secretary.  Mrs.  Ralph  Sollitt. 

Austin  Woman's— President.  Mrs.  A.  H.  Clem- 
ent: corresponding1  secretary,  Mrs.  O.  W. 
Barrett. 

Bankers— President.  Melvin  A.  Traylor;  sec- 
retary and  treasurer.  Thomas  C.  Stibbs. 

British  American— Fraternity  halls.  19  West 
Adams  street;  president.  G.  W.  Gibson;  sec- 
retary. J.  W.  Hollingworth.  2324  North 
Clark  street. 

Builders — 115  Chamber  of  Cpmmerce  building: 
president,  Charles  H.  Alsip;  treasurer.  Jo- 
seph E.  Lindquist;  secretary,  Thomas  J. 
Maney. 

Calumet  Country— 95th  street  and  Cottage 
Grove  avenue;  president.  Frederick  L.  Fake; 
secretary.  Frank  E.  Bell;  treasurer,  R. 
O'Hara. 

Canadian  Club— 104  West  Monroe  street;  Wil- 
liam Robertson,  president;  D.  H.  Grant,  sec- 
retary. 

Casino — 167  East  Delaware  place;  president. 
Mrs.  J.  G.  Coleman;  secretary.  Eames  Mac- 
Veasrh. 

Caxton — Chicago  Art  institute:  president.  C.  L. 
Ricketts:  secretary.  Frederic  F.  Norcross. 

Chicago  Architectural — 59  East  Van  Buren 
street:  president.  A.  S.  Morphett:  secretary. 

F.  J.  Fox:  treasurer.  S.  A.  Rognstad. 
Chicago  Athletic  Association— 12  South  Michi- 
gan boulevard;   president.   William  B.   Simp- 
«on;   secretary,   Edward  E.   Swadener. 

Chicago  Automobile — 321  Plymouth  court;  pres- 
ident. Joseph  E.  Callender;  secretary.  Darwin 
S.  Hatch. 

Chicago  Club-p-Michig-an  avenue  and  Van  Buren 
street:  president.  Watson  F.  Blair;  secretary- 
treasurer.  Oren  E.  Taft. 

Chicago  College — 155  North  Michigan  avenue: 
president.  Miss  Sarah  B.  Tunnicliff:  corre- 
sponding secretary.  Mrs.  Charles  M.  Sloan. 

Chicago  Culture — President.  Mrs.  E.  B.  Hamil- 
ton: corresponding  secretary.  Mrs.  G.  B. 
Grim. 

Chicago  Gun— President,  W.  A.  Davis;  secre- 
tary-treasurer. James  H.  May. 

Chicago  Lincoln  Club — 108  Germania  place: 
president,  Leopold  Grand. 

Chicago  Motor  Club— 2838  South  Michigan  ave- 
nue; president,  Charles  M.  Hayes;  secretary. 
David  Rosenbach. 

Chicago  Polo — President.  Jarvis  Hunt:  secretary 
and  treasurer.  E.  J.  Prendergast. 

Chicago  Woman's — 410  South  Michigan  avenue; 
president.  Mrs.  W.  H.  Winslow;  corresponding1 
secretary.  Mrs.  Harvey  Fox. 

Chicago  Woman's  Aid — 4622  Grand  boulevard; 
president,  Mrs.  Edward  Gudeman;  correspond- 
ing secretary.  Mrs.  Edward  Strausky;  civic 
secretary.  Miss  S.  Feder.  4622  Grand  boule- 
vard. 

Chicago  Yacht — Foot  of  Monroe  street:  outer 
harbor:  commodore.  Fred  A.  Price:  secretary. 
Francis  R.  Roberts;  treasurer,  Arthur  M. 
Belts. 

City  Club— 315  Plymouth  court:  president. 
Prof.  George  H.  Mead:  secretary.  Charles 
Yeomans:  treasurer.  Roy  C.  Osgood;  civic 
secretary.  Dwight  L.  Akers. 

Cliff  DweQlers,   The— 220   South  Michigan  ave- 


nue; president.  William  O.  Goodman;  secre' 
tary.  Charles  W.  Collins. 

Colonial  Club  of  Chicago — 4446  Grand  boule- 
vard; president.  Orlando  Adams;  secretary. 
Maurice  R.  Amadoe. 

Columbia  Yacht— Lake  front,  foot  of  Randolph 
street;  commodore,  H.  D.  Moreland;  secre- 
tary. F.  D.  Porter. 

Commercial — President,  Edwin  A  Bancroft- 
vice-president.  Frank  O.  Wetmore;  secretary- 
treasurer,  Robert  J.  Thome. 

Cordon— President.  Miss  Nellie  V.  Walker-  cor- 
responding secretary.  Miss  Ethel  L.  Coe. 

Douglas  Park  Woman's— President.  Mrs  Elene 
Payne;  corresponding  secretary.  Mrs.  Frances 
A.  Wallace. 

Drama  League  of  Chicagro— President.  Mrs  Per- 
cy H.  Boynton;  secietary.  Mrs.  Joseph  R. 
Hawley. 

Edgewater  Country— 5658  Winthrop  avenue: 
president.  H.  F.  Hill;  secretary.  H.  W.  Fox. 

Electric  Club— President,  H.  A.  Porter-  secre- 
tary. H.  V.  Coffy;  1900.  208  South  LaSalle 
street. 

Elks— 174  West  Washington  street;  secretary. 
Gustav  W  Nothdurit 

Englewood— 6323  Harvard  avenue:  president. 
Dr.  W.  T.  Bohart;  secretary.  A.  A.  Dailey. 

Englewood  Woman's  Club — 6732  Wentworth 
avenue:  president.  Miss  Marie  J.  Hesse;  re- 
cording secretary.  Mrs.  E.  R.  Haynes. 

Evanston  Country  Club— 1501  Oak  avenue 
Evanston;  president.  Frederick  Earle  French; 
secretary.  Walter  T.  Stockton. 

Forty  Club— President.  Wilbur  D.  Nesbit;  secre- 
tary. Chartes  H.  Burras. 

Hamilton— 18  South  Dearborn  street:  president. 
A.  N.  Marquis;  secretary.  Walter  F.  Olds. 

Illinois  Athletic— 112  South  Michigan  avenue- 
president.  J.  Albert  Roesch.  Jr.;  secretary. 
Edward  C.  Ryan. 

Industrial— President.  Silas  H.  Strawn;  secre- 
tary. Charles  K.  Foster. 

Irish  Fellowship— President.  Joseph  A.  O'Don- 
nell;  secretary.  John  K.  Murphy 

Iroquois— 26  North  Dearborn  street:  president. 
Carl  R.  Latham;  secretary.  George  L.  Raker; 
treasurer,  Oscar  G.  Foreman. 

Kenwood— Lake  Park  avenue  and  47th  street: 
president.  Charles  R.  Holden;  secretary.  Her- 
bert E.  Kerber. 

Lincoln  Park  Navy— 160  West  Jackson  boule- 
vard.  room  109:  secretary.  E.  J.  Schaack. 

Lincoln  Park  Yacht — Commodore,  A.  Sheldon 
Olark;  secretary.  Byron  Willis. 

Matheon— President.  Mrs.  Lucretia  K.  Sampson; 
corresponding  secretary.  Miss  Elsa  Melchert. 

Mathesis— President.  Mrs.  Cyrus  H.  Martin: 
corresponding  secretary.  Mrs.  William  Lyle 
Laird,  6029  Michigan  boulevard 

Mid-Day—First  National  Bank  building.  17th 
floor;  president.  Bertram  M.  Winston:  secre- 
tary. Charles  A.  Munroe. 

Prairie  Club — President.  John  R.  Bentley;  sec- 
retary. J.  E.  Bayrd. 

Press  Club— Ashland  block:  president,  Wright 
A.  Patterson:  secretary.  Walton  Perkins. 

Quadrangle— University  avenue  and  58th  street: 
president.  Robert  A.  Millikan;  secretary.  A. 
Coleman. 

Rotary— Hotel  Sherman,  parlor  G:  president. 
William  E.  Kier:  secretary.  Dr.  Will  R.  Neff. 

Ruth— 6001  Indiana  avenue:  president.  Mrs. 
Joseph  Meyer;  recording  secretary.  Mrs.  Eu- 
gene Flesch. 

Saddle  and  Cycle— Sheridan  road  and  Foster 
avenue:  president.  B.  M.  Winston:  secretary, 
A.  Wilder  Brown. 

Service— President.  Mrs  Philip  Swift;  treas- 
urer. Miss  C.  B.  Neely. 

Shore  Acres — President.  Charles  E.  Severn;  sec- 
retary. Lamon  F.  Kaim. 

Social  Service  Club— President.  Miss  Amelia 
Sears:  secretary,  Albert  E.  Webster. 

South   End  Woman's— President.   Mrs.   William 


ADVERTISEMENTS.  949 


COMMERCIAL    PAPER  INVESTMENT    SECURITIES 


A.  G.  BECKER  &  CO. 

137  South  LaSalle  Street 
CHICAGO 


NEW  YORK  ST.  LOUIS  SAN  FRANCISCO 


GEO.  H.  BURR  &  CO. 

COMMERCIAL  PAPER      INVESTMENT  SECURITIES 

209  S.  LA  SALLE  ST.,  CHICAGO 


NEW  YORK  BOSTON  ST.  LOUIS  PHILADELPHIA 

HARTFORD  SEATTLE  SAN  FRANCISCO 

LOS   ANGELES  CLEVELAND  DETROIT  PORTLAND 


DES  PLABMES  STATE  BANK 

OFFICERS 

PETER  M.  HOFFMAN,  Pres.     B.  F.  KINDER,  V.-Pres.     B.  LAGERHAUSEN,  V.-Pres. 
WM.   F.   GRAUPNER,   Cashier  M.  A.   BEHRENS,  Assistant   Cashier 

Report   of  the  condition  before   the   commencement  of  business   on 
the  1st  day  of  November,  1919: 

Capital   Stock $50,000.00         Deposits     $690,000.00 

Surplus  Fund  Earned .    35,000.00         Total  Resources.  ...    795,000.00 
Total   Liabilities $795,000.00 


950 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Brady;  recording-  secretary.  Mrs.  Frank  Clute, , 
8918  Exchange  avenue. 

South  Shore  Country — Lake  shore  and  70th 
street:  president,  John  G.  Campbell;  secre- 
tary, Wilbur  F.  McWhinney. 

Standard — Michigan  avenue  and  24th  street; 
president,  Jacob  Ringer;  secretary.  Daniel  W. 
Fishell. 

Swedish  Club  of  Chicayo-7-1258  North  LaSalle 
street;  president,  Alex  j. 'Johnson;  secretary, 
C.  G.  Axell. 

Three  Arts— Dearborn  and  Goethe  streets;  pres- 
ident, Mrs.  Charles  E.  Kohl;  secretary,  Mrs. 
George  A.  Ranney. 

Three  Score  and  Ten — President,  William  Mc- 
Kinley;  secretary,  Charles  F.  Lorenzen. 

TowrL  and  Country— 2841  Washington  boule- 
vard; president,  William  B.  Nordhem;  secre- 
tary, Walter  J.  Newman;  treasurer,  William 
R.  Hauer. 

Traffic— President,  Carl  Howe;  secretary,  C.  B. 
Signer. 

Tuesday  Art  and  Travel— President,  Mrs.  Wil- 
liam Molt;  corresponding  secretary,  Mrs.  Joel 
H.  Norton. 

Union  League— Jackson  boulevard  and  Federal 
street;  president,  C.  W.  Folds;  secretary, 
C.  M.  Trowbridge. 

Union  Printers— 164  West  Washington  street; 
president,  John  L.  Howard;  secretary,  Her- 
man L.  Heidke. 


University  —  Michigan  avenue  and  Monroe 
street;  president,  William  B.  Mcllvaine;  sec- 
retary, James  H.  Winston. 

Western  Society  of  Engineers— 1735  Monadnock 
block;  president,  A.  Siewart  Baldwin;  secre- 
tary, Edgar  S.  Nethercut. 

West  End  Woman's— 35  South  Ashland  boule- 
vard; president,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Moody;  cor- 
responding secretary,  Mrs.  Leonard  E.  Lange. 

Woman's  Athletic— 606  South  Michigan  ave- 
nue; president,  Mrs.  A.  B.  MacCaughey;  cor- 
responding secretary,  Mrs.  Edward  B.  Butler. 

Women's  City — President,  Mrs.  Joseph  T.  Bow- 
en;  secretary,  Mrs.  James  L.  Hough teling; 
civic  director,  Mrs.  Edith  Rockwood. 

Women's  Fellowship — President.  Mrs.  M.  Frank 
Ryan;  recording  secretary.  Miss  Teresa  M. 
Keenan.  6318  Greenwood  avenue;  corre- 
sponding secretary.  Mrs.  Abby  L.  Williams. 

Woman's  New  Century— Corresponding  secre- 
tary, Mrs.  M.  J.  L.  Strong-. 

Woodlawn  Park— 64th  street  and  Woodlawn 
avenue;  president,  Willis  R.  Hunt;  secretary ^ 
Philip  L.  Gibson. 

Woodlawn  Woman's — President,  Mrs.  Walter  E. 
Probasco;  corresponding  secretary;  Mrs.  Carl- 
ton  B.  Marsh,  6043  Kimbark  avenue. 

Young  Fortnightly— Fine  Arts  building  (Fort- 
nightly rooms) — President,  Mrs.  John  W. 
Gary;  corresponding  secretary,  Miss  Ethel 
Hanly. 


DIRIGIBLE  BALLOON  DISASTER  IN  CHICAGO. 


Thirteen  persons  lost  their  lives  and  more 
than  a  score  of  others  were  injured  when  the 
dirigible  balloon  Winer  Foot  Express  burst 
into  flames,  fell  and  crashed  through  the  sky- 
light of  the  Illinois  Trust  and  Savings  bank, 
Chicago,  a  little  before  5  o'clock  on  the  after- 
noon of  July  21.  1919.  Ten  of  the  dead  were 
employes  of  the  bank  who  were  at  work  in 
the  institution  when  the  accident  occurred, 
two  were  passengers  and  one  a  mechanic  in 
the  airship.  The  bank  employes  were  burned 
or  crushed  to  death  as  the  two  heavy  gaso- 
line tanks  and  two  rotary  engines  fell  upon 
or  near  them,  scattering  flames  in  every  di- 
rection. One  passenerer  had  both  legs  broken 
when  descending  with  a  parachute,  and  died 
from  his  injuries  the  day  after  the  accident. 
The  other  passenger  and  mechanic  died  in  the 
crash  on  the  bank  roof,  having  been  unable 
to  use  their  parachutes  in  getting  away  from 
the  burning  balloon.  Nine  of  the  bank  em- 
ployes were  killed  almost  instantly,  while  an- 
other died  two  days  later.  The  names  of  the 
victims  were: 

Helen  P.  Berger.  stenographer. 

Marcus  C.  Callopy,  teller. 

Jacob  E.  Carpenter,  messenger. 

Earl   H.  Davenport,   publicity   man. 

Marie  Florence,  clerk. 

Mary  Gallagher,  stenographer. 

Irene  Miles,   stenographer. 

Evelyn  L.  Meyer,   stenographer. 

Edwin  A.  Munzer,  clerk. 

Milton  G.  Norton,  photographer. 

Carl   Otto,    telegrapher. 

Joseph  Scanlon.   bank  messenger. 

Carl  Weaver,  mechanic. 

John  Boettner,  pilot  of  the  dirigible,  alighted 
with  his  parachute  on  a  roof  and  escaped  with 
slight  injuries.  Harry  Wacker,  chief  mechanic 
of  the  craft,  had  his  back  broken  in  descend- 
ing with  his  parachute. 

The  dirigible  was  built  at  Akron.  O.,  by  the 
Goodyear  Tire  and  Rubber  company  of  that 
city,  and  was  designed  to  carry  passengers  on 
short  pleasure  trips  from  and  to  the  White 
City,  an  amusement  resort  in  Chicago.  On  the 
day  of  the  disaster  it  made  its  first  trip,  fly- 
ing Irom  the  White  City  hangar  to  Grant  park, 


where  it  alighted.  At  2:30  it  made  another 
short  trip  up  the  north  shore  and  returning  to 
Grant  park  landed  again.  At  4:05  it  started 
up  again  with  five  men  in  the  car— a  pilot, 
two  mechanics  and  two  passengers.  One  of 
the  passengers  was  Milton  G.  Norton,  photog-- 
rapher  for  the  Herald  and  Examiner,  and  the 
other  Earl  H.  Davenport,  publicity  agent  lor 
the  White  City.  It  had  been  cruising-  about 
forty-five  minutes  over  the  downtown  section 
when  the  accident  occurred  and  its  evolutioni 
had  been  watched  by  thousands,  to  whom  tho 
sight  of  a  dirigible  was  a  novelty.  Many  of 
the  spectators  saw  the  balloon  catch  fire  at  a 
height  of  1,200  feet  and  saw  the  occupants 
jump,  relying  upon  the  parachutes  with  which 
they  were  supplied  to  escape  from  death.  It 
was  one  of  the  most  thrilling  accidents  in  the 
history  of  the  city  as  well  as  one  of  the  moat 
peculiar. 

The  length  of  the  "blimp"  was  158  feet, 
diameter  of  gas  bag,  34  feet:  length  of  gondola 
and  motor.  50  feet;  motor  equipment,  two 
tractor  80  horsepower  La  Rhone  motors:  gas 
capacity.  100,000  cubic  feet:  gasoline  capacity, 
200  gallons:  value,  S100.000. 

STREET   RAILWAY   EARNINGS. 

Gross  Earnings.* 


1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
Not 
panies 

1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 

20,419.647.93 
22,832.882.64 
25,155,629.89 
28,743,167.24 
30,299,172.55 
3—  The    total    capi 
Feb.  1.  1919.  w 

City's   Share    ( 

SI.  564,  618.47 
.1  386  877  96 

1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919. 
talizat 
as  S15 

55   Per 

1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919. 

32,001.278.51 
31,695.637.67 
34,796,684.60 
35,114,896.38 
34,710.157.84 
ion    of    all    com- 
7,164,907.89. 

Cent)  .t 

S3.  002,453.16 
2,558.383.63 
1,665,710.34 
2,746.988.99 
2,036.753.98 
383,215.49 

1,276,252.65 
1,705.550.30 
1,870.908.00 
2,529,992.26 

*Year  ended  Feb.  1.    tOf  net  receipts. 


ADVERTISEMENTS.  951 


EDWARD  P.  RUSSELL  WALTER  S.  BREWSTER  C.  L.  PENISTON 

RUSSELL,  BREWSTER  &  CO. 

Successors  to  Edward  L.  Brewster  &  Co. 

116  wcmcAAGAoMS  ST  STOCKS  AND  BONDS 

NEW  YORK  OFFICE  Member    of    New    York    Stock    Exchange 

111  BROADWAY  Member   of   Chicago   Stock   Exchange 

We  shall  be  glad  to  furnish  circulars  and   information 
regarding  attractive  tax   exempt  and   other   securities. 

CLEMENT,   CURTIS  &  CO. 

Stocks,   Bonds,  Grain,   Cotton 

Members  of  All  Exchanges.  Private  Wires  to  Principal  Cities. 


211  S.  LA  SALLE  ST.,  ROOKERY  BLDG.,  CHICAGO 

TELEPHONE:    WABASH  600. 


ALFRED  L.  BAKER  &  CO. 

STOCKS— BONDS— GRAIN 

MEMBERS 

NEW  YORK  STOCK  EXCHANGE  CHICAGO  STOCK  EXCHANGE 

CHICAGO  BOARD  OF  TRADE 

141  S.  LA  SALLE  STREET 


EXPORTERS  IMPORTERS 

J.   Rosenbaum   Grain   Company 

Commission  Merchants 
MILLING  WHEAT  A  SPECIALTY 

CHICAGO 


952 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB    1920. 


CHICAGO'S  DEATH  ROLL. 

Dec.  1.  1918.  to  Dec.  1.  1919. 


Adams    Mrs.  Cora  K.    (1849).  March  20 
Adfe?  Adolph   (1848).  business  man.  July  13. 
Aiipn    E    A     (1849).   lumberman.  Jan.  10. 
Andean.    Augustine    H.    W..    clergyman,    Jan. 

Anderson.   William   G.    (1866).   manufacturing 


V  Julius  P..  adverti.ii*  man.  in  Evar*- 
Band    Howard'  C.    (1861).  engraver.  June  16. 

ay311856).   manutacturer.  Oct.  11 


BarUett  man  W.   1877.   on   a   tram  near 


(1850)  . 


": 


Sep.. 


A.. 


al  and 


,'  former  city  offi- 
ieader,  Marcn  10. 


Br^dfey^J.     Harley      (1844),      manufacturer 

C     (1868).  engineer.  March  23. 
Mis.  ™"^'<>a   w      in  London.   England 


Brown     Mis.   Catherine  S.  . 

Elias  P     superintendent.  Oct.  18 


Detroit.  Mich..  May  9. 
C»Ma«eU.8Henry  C.   (1840).  fraternity  official. 


dealer. 


Carter    James  M.   G..   physician    educator   and 
author,  in  Los  Angeles.  Cal..  March  3. 


Case.  Mrs.  Frances  M.    (1835).  Sept.  2. 
Champion,   Mrs.   Marietta   B.    (1848).   June  4. 
Chapman,  Mrs.  Helen  Farwell   (1858).  May  4. 
Chatfleld.  Eli  P.   (1846),  retired  business  man, 

at  St.  Petersburg.  Fla..  Feb.  20. 
Christy.  Robert  C.   (1848).  merchant.  Sept.  29. 
Church.    Elizabeth    (1844),    in    Traverse   City. 

__!_!_,  July  3, 
Chytraus.  Axel    (1859).   former  judge.  Oct.  5. 
Clark.  Melville,  manufacturer,  Nov.  6.  1918. 
Clettenberg.    Bernard    F.     (1862).    member    ol 

state   assembly.   May   28. 
Commons.   Robert    (1844),   civil  war  veteran. 

Conlon.  A.  A.   (1862).  physician.  Feb.  19. 

Conway.  Edwin  S.    (1850).  piano  firm  official. 
Nov.  4. 

Cook.  Samuel  E.  (1864).  Pullman  company 
official.  Sept.  13. 

Cooke.  John  A.  (1858),  former  clerk  of  Circuit 
court,  in  Rochester.  Minn.,  March  14. 

Cooper,  James,  manufacturer,  in  Los  Angelet. 
Cal..  April  3. 

Corbett,  John  J.  (1863).  contractor  and  build- 
er. June  27. 

Cowan.   Susie  L.    (1865).  teacher.  Jan.  6. 

Craig.  Robert    (1840),  manufacturer.  Aug.  19. 

Crandon.  Frank  P.  (1835),  tax  expert,  in 
Evanston.  July  4. 

Crane,  Albert  M..  steel  merchant.  Feb.  9. 

Crane.  Charles  W.,  clergyman,  Oct.  11. 

Crawford.  William   (1835).  clergyman,  May  25. 

Cudahy.  Mrs.  Michael    (1842).   Aug.  30. 

Cuneo.  Mrs.  Candida    (1858).  June  6. 

Curtis.  Henry  M.  (1841),  insurance  official. 
April  6. 

Daube.  M.  Jacob    (1859).  merchant.  March  9. 

Davis.  Willicm  ("Will")  J.  (1844),  theater 
manager.  May  16. 

Davison.  Mrs.  Martha  M.    (1830).  April  17. 

Deimling.  Adolph    (1866).  editor,  July  5. 

Dickerson,  John  T.   (1879).  engineer,  April  14. 

Dickinson.  Charles  M.  (1838).  retired  mer- 
chant, at  Robertsdale.  Ala..  April  3. 

Dickman,  Robert  Neil,  mining  engineer,  in  La 
Jolla.  Cal.,  Sept.  14. 

Dolan.  Harry  P.    (1875).  judge.  July  26. 

Doniat.  Franz  G.  (1841) ,  lithographer.  April  28. 

Donohue.  John  W.   (1866),  printer.  Oct.  17. 

Dorr.  Hervey  House  (1858).  president  Mer- 
chants' Credit  Guide  company.  Sept.  12. 

Dowst.  Charles  Oliver,  publisher,  in  Evanston, 
May  22. 

Duncan,      Thomas      (1832).     newspaper    man, 

Durand. '  Elliot,  editor,  civil  war  veteran,  Oct. 
12 

Dutton,  William  M.  (1881).  auditor,  in  Hous- 
ton. Tex..  April  27. 

Elliott.  F.  M.  (1853).  hospital  president,  in 
Evanston,  Sept.  17. 

Emery.  William  R.    (1859),  advertising  agent, 

Euban°ks.   Mary   E.    (1849).    Sept.   15.  . 

Evans.  Raymond  W..  sales  manager,  in  New 
York.  N.  Y.,  Jan  16. 

Farwell.   Granger    (1857).  banker.  May  16.  . 

Fi+ch,  Walter  M.  (1862).  physician,  at  Twin 
Lakes.  Wis..  Sept.  11. 

Fletcher.  Horace  (1849),  physician,  in  Copen- 
hagen, Denmark.  Jrn.  13. 

Flinn    Charles  B.    (1847),  lumberman.  Jan.  24. 

Foster.  George  Burman  (1858).  theologian, 
Dec  2°  1918 

'.  Mortimer    (1874).  physician,  Anril  22. 


. 
Friestedt.  Luther  P.   (1861).  former  alderman. 

in  Los  Angeles.  Cal..  Ffb.  5. 
Freund.  Gustav  (1852).  merchant  and  banker, 

..  Sr.(1838),   pioneer.   Sept.  21. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


953 


Send  Out 

Letters! 


Your  prospective  customers  are 
not  mind  readers.  .  You  must  tell 
them  what  you  want  to  sell,  v;hy 
it  is  good,  why  it  is  of  advantage 
to  them — invite  them  to  buy! 

You  can't  see  all  your  logical 
prospects  in  person!  There  are 
too  many  of  them  and  your  time 
is  limited. 

But  you  can  talk  to  them  all — 
as  often  as  you  have  a  mind! 

You  can  drive  home  your  prop- 
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DEMENT 

&  CO. 

"First   in   Direct  Mail 
Advertising" 

634  Sherman  Street 
CHICAGO 


954 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


Fuller.  Charles  H.   (1843).  head  of  advertising: 

agency.  Julj   21. 

Ganey.  Harry  J..  attorney,  Aug.  17. 
Gardner.  John  J.  (1882).  court  official.  Sept.  30. 
Garland.  D.  F.   (1846).  merchant.  Nov.  13. 
Gary.    Alfred    C..    stock    broker,    in    Wheaton. 

May  20. 
Getty.    Henry   P..    capitalist,   in   Paris.   France. 

March   31. 
Gilchrist.   Joseph  C.    (1851),  vessel  owner,  in 

Painesville.  O..  May  22. 
Glade.  John  H.   (1858).  retired  business  man. 

April  6. 

Glover.  Mrs.  Lyman  T.,  Feb.  8. 
Goebel.  Susan  E.    (1842).  Feb.  22. 
Goldman.  Mrs.  Meta  E..  Oct.  4. 
Goodwin,     William    R.     (1863),    editor,    near 

Naperville.  111..  April  5. 
Graff,    Samuel    T.    (1868).    member  board   of 

trade.   April   12. 

Graves,   Albert   H.    (1863).   lawyer,   in   Evans- 
ton.  Sept.  17. 

Greene.  Harry  I.    (1868).  author,  Sept.  23. 
Greenebaum,  Elias   (1822).  banker.  July  25. 
Groendyke.    James    C.     (1866),    manufacturer, 

Jan.  16. 
Gross.    Jacob    (1840).    former   state   treasurer. 

Dec.   28.    1918. 
Guerin,   Henry    (1871),  judge,  near  Muskegon, 

Mich..  Sept.  11. 
Hair.   Benjamin   N.    (1848).    manufacturer,    in 

Evanston.  Sept.  18. 
Haiselden.     Harry     J.     (1870),     physician,     in 

Havana,  Cuba,  June  18. 
Hall.   Frederick  H..   editor.  March  25. 
Halsey,  John  J.  (1848),  educator,  in  Winnetka. 

May  29. 

Harbert.  Charles  H.  (1863).  banker.  June  13. 
Harbert.   William  S.    (1842).  lawyer,  in  Pasa- 
dena. Cal..  March  24. 
Hardinge.    Mrs.    Agnes    M.     (1848),    teacher. 

Sept.  3. 

Harris,   Mrs.   Emma  Gale    (1848).   June   1. 
Hart.  James  A.    (1855),  former  baseball  club 

owner.  July  18. 
Hartman.  Wilbur  F.  (1892),  attorney,  in  Pitts- 

burgh.  Pa..   Oct.  9. 
Haskell,  George  E.   (1865).  president  creamery 

company,  in  Evanston.   Sept.  14. 
Haydon.    Harry    E.    (1842),    lawyer,    poet    and 

pioneer,  Oct.   18. 
Hayes,  John  C.'  (1860),  labor  contractor.  Aug. 

17. 
Heath,  William  D.   (1837).  express  messenger. 

May    16. 
Heinrich.  Julia,  singer,  in  Hammond.  La..  Sept. 

18. 

Hey.  Jacob  A.,  former  alderman,  Feb.  19. 
Heyman,  Alexander  H.    (1875),  attorney.  June 

12. 

Heyman.  Samuel,  merchant,  in  Glencoe.  May  24. 
Hickey,  David  R.,   alderman,   Dec.  8.   1918. 
Higinbotham,   Harlow  N.    (1838),   retired  mer- 

cfaant,  in  New  York.  N.  Y..  April  18. 
Hilton,  Joseph  M.    (1844).  insurance  adjuster. 

in  TiJvanston.  Feb.  8. 
Hinman.     Mrs.    Margaret    F.     (1839),    reform 

leader.  Feb.  20. 
Hirsch.   Jonas    (1850).   translator  and  scholar, 

March  2. 

Hodges,    George,    railroad   official,   in  Washing- 
ton,  D.  C.,  March  14. 
Hoerr,  Charles  E..  banker,  in  Rochester.  Minn.. 

Feb.  12. 

Hogan,  James  A.    (1852),  business  man.  Feb.  8 
Holbrook,  Mrs.  Alice  Poole    (1855),  in  Evans- 
ton,  Feb.  5. 

Hooper.  Henry  (1848).  physician.  Sept.  17. 
Hoppin,  Mrs.  Henrietta  P.   (1830).  clubwoman 

May    29. 
Horn,     Jacob    M.      (1855),     furniture     dealer. 

March  30. 

Hough,    William   B.    (1878).    engineer,    in   De- 
troit, Mich..  May  29. 


Hubbard.  Joseph  D.    (1859).   mining  operator. 

in  Lake  Forest.  July  29. 
Huehl.    Harris   W.    (1862).    architect.    May   2. 

Jacoby.  Ernest  (1855).  manufacturer,  Aug.  23. 
Jaeger.  Paul  Anton,  athletic  director.  Mar.  30. 
Jenkins.  Clifford  H.  (1881).  business  man. 

Jan.  9. 

Jewett.  Mrs.  John  N.,  June  2. 
Jenifer.  John  T..  clergyman,  March  5. 
Jones.  Daniel  J.    (1832).  clergyman,  in  Evans- 
ton.  May  20. 
Johnston.  John    (1839).  Masonic  leader.  April 

16. 

Josenhans.    Reinhardt    C.    J.    (1857),    pharma- 
cist.   Sept.    17. 

Judah.  Noble  B.  (1851).  lawyer.  Dec.  10.  1918. 
Kaplan.  Nathan  J.  (1888),  attorney.  Feb.  27. 
Kaufman.  Nathan  M.  (1862),  banker  and  hotel 

proprietor,  at  Coronado.  Cal..  Nov.  25.  1918. 
Keeley.  E.  S.   (1859).  railroad  official,  in  Sum- 
mit. N.  J..  Aug.  1. 
Keith,    William    Scott    (1844).    lumberman,    in 

Waukegan,  Feb.  14. 
Keller.  Murray   (1856).  business  man,  in  New 

York.  N.  Y..  March  17. 
Kellogg.  Josiah  M.    (1836),  colonel,  U.  S.  A.. 

retired,  June  20. 
Kirby.    Samuel    B.,    aviator,    in   Marietta.    O.. 

Aug.   17. 
Kirkland.    Mrs.    Theodosia    B.    W.     (1836).    in 

Kenilworth,   Oct.   12. 
Kirkman.    Charles    H.     (1841).    manufacturer. 

Feb.  25. 

Klein,    Solomon    (1858),    merchant.    Sept.    17. 
Kling,   Henry  F.    (1857),   educator,  Aug.  12. 
Kohlsaat,  Ernest  W.   (1842).  retired  restaurant 

owner,  March  13. 
Koraleski,   Frank  W.    (1875).   former  assessor 

Oct.  2. 

Krost.  Robert  A.,  pediatrician.  Oct.  4. 
Kunze.    Otto,    veteran    of   civil   war.    Dec.    26. 

1918. 
Lake.  Richard  C.  (1846).  banker,  in  Evanston, 

July  10. 
LaMarche.     Frank     C.       (1862).      shipbuilder. 

June   16. 

Lampert.  Henry  J.  (1854),  manager.  June  14. 
Lane.  Charles  E.  (1839).  banker,  in  Lombard. 

111..  Feb.   12. 
Le   Bosky.   Jacob  C.    (1879).   attorney,   in  Los 

Angeles.  Cal..  Jan.  26. 
Lee,    Mrs.    Julia     S.      (1833).     at     Wabningo. 

Mich.,   Sept.  4. 

Lehmann,  Mrs.  Augusta  (1854).  Nov.  16.  1918. 
Lewis.  Joshua  H.,  lawyer.  May  5. 
Lewis.   Lyman    (1844),  former  Chicago   police 

official,  in  Arkansas  City.  Kas.,  Nov.  10. 
Libberton,  Mrs.  J.   H.,   singer.   March  15. 
Lichtenberg.      Charles      W.      (1847).      dentist. 

March  8. 

Locke.  Mrs.  Adele   (1839).  March  29. 
Lord.  Charles  E.    (1875).  attorney.  Sept.  25. 
Lovewell.  Charles  H.    (1848).  physician,  Feb.  8. 
Lowe,    Charles    S.     (1846).    business    man.    in 

Ionia,  Mich..   Sept.  30. 
Lowrie.  Adam  H.    (1837).  publisher,  in  Elgin. 

111..    April  3. 

Lyndon,   Mrs.   George  W.,    sociologist,   Oct.   18. 
Lyons.  John  A.    (1853).  physician.   Feb.  18. 
MacDonald.  P.   S.    (1838).   physician.   Jan.   20. 
MacMartin.     Duncan    R.      (1865).      physician, 

April  30. 

Magee.  Guy   (1843),  journalist,  June  5. 
Magie.  Frank  O.    (1864),  merchant.  Oct.  16. 
Mahan,  Harvey  W.   (1854),  banker.  May  25. 
Mahin.  John   (1833),  editor.  July  24. 
Mahoney,   John  A.    (1862),   judge.   Aug.  21. 
Mallon,   James,   detective.   Aug.   13. 
Manierre,    Edward,    business     man.     at     Flint, 

Mich..    Aug.    12. 

Mansfeldt.  Olaf  C.  (1867).  merchant,  Jan.  19. 
Marriott.  Mrs.  Eliza  A.  (1853).  April  24. 


ADVERTISEMENT 


955 


L  L          P   H-O.N   00    R  A   P   H. 


Gives  New  Beauty  to  Record  Music 


"Tones  that  .are  reproduced  truer,  finer,  sweeter."  "Music 
that  in  both  spirit  and  letter  is  restated  with  greater 
beauty."  "All  records  transcribed  with  greater  fidelity." 

Golden  opinions  like  these  are  showered  on  The  Bruns- 
wick by  its  hearers  everywhere.  And  why? 

Because,  with  its  many  ot'her  betterments,  it  has  an 
exclusive,  new  Method  of  Reproduction. 

Come  in   tor  free  demonstration. 


The    Brunswick    Phonograph    Shop, 

225  S.   Wabash  Ave.,   Chicago,  111. 


956 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Marshall.  F.  D.    (1841),  physician.  July  6. 

Martin.  Samuel  K..  Jr.  (1879).  broker,  June  11. 

Mason.  Hugh    (1839),  coal  merchant.   Oct.  27. 

Matz.  Otto  H.    (1830).  architect.  M^rch  8. 

Maypole.  William  T.  (1850),  former  alderman. 
May  13. 

McAdams.   Andrew    (1849).   florist.   Augr.   27. 

McCormick.  Aloysius  J.  (1877),  priest  and  edu- 
cator. Feb.  4. 

McCormick.  Robert  S.  (1849).  diplomat,  in 
Hinsdale.  April  16. 

McGowan,  John  M.,  printer.  June  14. 

McLean.  Charles  F.    (1873),  attorney.  Sept.  2. 

McNeill.  John  (1839).  merchant,  in  Elgin.  111.. 
April  19. 

McParlan.  James,  detective.  TO.  Denver.  Col.. 
May  18. 

McPherson.  Simon  J.  (1850).  clergyman.  In 
Lawrenceville,  N.  J.,  Jan.  9. 

McWade,  Ada  Somers.  singer,  in  New  York, 
N.  Y..  March  19. 

Medbury.  David  W..  former  Chicago  lawyer, 
in  Washington.  D.  C..  Oct.  16. 

Mee.  David  D.    (1861).  xindertaker,  June  14. 

Menge.  Frederick  A.  (1840).  civil  war  veteran, 
Sept.  1. 

Meyers.  Adolph.  vaudeville  manager.  March  14. 

Millard.  George  M.  (1848).  authority  on  rare 
books,  in  South  Pasadena.  Cal..  Nov.  6.  1918. 

Miller.  Newman    (1871).   publisher.  Jan.  8. 

Mitchell.  James  P.,  transportation  official. 
June  28. 

Mix.   Ira  J.    (1857).  dairyman.  Jan.  23. 

Monroe.   George  G.    (1852).   physician.  Jan.  8. 

Moody.  Mary  S.   (1828),  Oct.  27. 

Moore.  Charles  N..  postoffice  inspector.  Feb.  23. 

Moore.  D.  Herbert,  writer,  Feb.  18. 

Morse.  Virgil    (1823).  pioneer.  July  6. 

Moser,    George  W..  paper  merchant,  Feb.  26. 

Moses.  Joseph  W.  (1869).  lawyer,  in  Atlantic 
City.  N.  J..  Dec.  31.  1978. 

Munger.  George  M..  founder  of  Munger's  laun- 
dry, at  Los  Angeles.  Cal..  Oct.  31. 

Murdock,  Miss  Ernie  E.  (1862).  organist.  Dec. 
29.  1918. 

Murphy.  John  (1821),  pioneer,  in  River  For- 
est. Feb.  14. 

Murphy.  John  H.,  hotel  man.  July  9. 

Murphy.  William   P..  artist.  April  20. 

Newbold.  Andrew  (1842),  proofreader.  April  9. 

Nicholas.  George  R.  J.,  major,  U.  S.  A.,  in 
Lake  Forest.  Oct.  10. 

Nordhem.  Jetlee  B.   (1841).  publisher.  June  3. 

Noyes.  La  Verne  W.  (1849).  manufacturer  and 
philanthropist,  July  24. 

Oakley.  William  C.  (1846).  bank  examiner. 
July  25. 

O'Brien.  James  P..  member  of  legislature. 
April  12. 

O'Hare.  Mrs.  Mary  Hoopa   (1848).  June  10. 

O'Leary.  David  P.    (1851).  priest.  Jan.  12. 

Onahan.  William  J.  (1836).  former  city  clerk, 
city  collector  and  city  comptroller,  Jan.  12. 

Osborne,  James  W.    (1858).   rttorney.   Sept.  7. 

O'Shaughnessy.  John  S.  (1864).  railroad  con- 
tractor. Aug.  10. 

Otis.  George  W.  (1896).  soldier,  in  Savenay, 
France.  Feb.  18. 

Ottenheimer.  H.  L.  (1868),  architect.  May  13. 

Owen.  William  R.  (1847).  pioneer  lake  cap- 
tain, in  Oak  Park.  Dec.  26.  1918. 

Owens.   Mrs.  Althea  S..   March  28. 

Paige.  Mrs.  Lora  A.  W.  (1840).  mission  work- 
er, in  Wheaton.  May  6. 

Paine.  Stephen  M.  (1874).  business  man.  in 
Pasadena.  Cal..  F**.  26. 

Paschen,  Frank    (1880),  contractor,  Nov.  12. 

Paulsen.  William  A.,  former  banker.  April  30, 

Payne.  M^s.  John  Barton.  July  31. 

Payn°.  William  Morton  (1858).  author  and 
literary  critic.  July  11. 

Payne.  William  T.   (1861).  lawyer.  May  9. 

Peache,  Alfred   (1876).  clergyman.  Aug.  9. 


Pearce.  W.  W.  (1858).  former  mayor,  in  Wau- 
kegan.  Oct.  16. 

Peltzer.  Otto  (1836).  public  official,  in  Oak 
Park,  Jan.  17. 

Perrigo.  Charles  H..  undertaker.  May  8. 

Peterson,  Isaac,  publisher,  in  Los  Angeles.  Cal., 
Jan.  7. 

Peterson.   James  A.    (1863).   lawyer.   Oct.   1. 

Peterson.    Lieut.    Oscar   W.,    fireman,    Jan.    12. 

Pixley.  Charles  H.    (1844).  optometrist.  June  1. 

Plewes.  Marion    (1870).  Aug.  17. 

Pratt,  Carl  P.  (1876),  newspaper  man.  Dec. 
24.  1918. 

Preston.  Deming  H.  (1845).  banker,  in  Hins- 
dale.  July  16. 

Pringle,  Robert  (1866).  board  of  trade  op- 
erator, at  Altadena.  Cal..  Feb.  11. 

Pritchard.    Richard    (1845).   builder.   June  3. 

Prussing.  John  (1856).  importer  and  manu- 
facturer, June  18. 

Purcell.   E.  H.,   song  writer.  Sept.  22. 

Putnam,  Mrs.  Alice  (1841),  educator.  Jan.  19. 

Rainier,  Frank  E.    (1853).  engineer,  June  30. 

Regan.  James  L.    (1850),  printer.  Jan.  24. 

Richards,  Charles  W.  (1865).  manufacturer. 
Aug.  30. 

Richardson,  George  P.  (1850).  silk  manufac- 
turer, in  New  York.  N.  Y..  Feb.  13. 

Richardson.  Albert  M.  (1842).  physician. 
March  24. 

Richardson,  John  A.    (1874).   musician.  Jan.  4. 

Riley.  W.   (1848),  railroad  official.  Jan.  10. 

Robinson.  M.  E.   (1862).  coal  dealer,  Oct.  22. 

Holer,   Mrs.  Doletta  Jrne    (1847),    Sept.   5. 

Rosenbaum.  Joseph  (1837).  grain  merchant, 
in  Pasadena.  Cal..  May  22. 

Royce.  James  L.  (1860).  auditor,  in  'New 
York.  N.  Y..  March  9. 

Rubinkam.  Ncthcniel  I.  (1856).  clergyman  and 
lecturer.  Sept.  29. 

Sabath.  Mrs.  Barbara   (1836),  Sept.  10. 

Santry,  Eddie   (1876).  boxer,  Jan.  28. 

Sapp,   Gordon  G.    (1875).   publisher.   June  21. 

Sargent,  Frederick  (1859).  engineer,  in  Glen- 
coe.  July  26. 

Sauerman,  Henry  B.,  engineer.  May.  20. 

Sauter.   George  L.    (1852).   cashier.  July  22. 

Schaefer.  Herman  W.  (1882).  baseball  player, 
at  Saranac  Lake.  N.  Y..  May  16. 

Schrader.  William  H.  (1858).  physician.  June 
23. 

Schirmer.  Rudolph  E..  music  publisher,  in 
Santa  Barbara.  Cal..  Aug.  18. 

Schroeder.  Bertha  B.  (1876).  physician.  Junel. 

Schwab.  Charles  S.  (1836).  manufacturer.  Jan. 

Schwartz.  Frederick   (1843).  pioneer.  Sept.  80. 
Scott.   George  W..  consulting  engineer,  in  Bat- 
tle Creek.  Mich..  Feb.  28. 
Scully.  Thomas  F.    (1870).  judge.  Sept.  11, 
Semple,    William   F..    physician.    Oct.    12. 
Shepard.    Jason    H.      (1838),     contractor,     in 

Evanston.  Oct.  6. 

Sheridan.   James    (1851).  pioneer.  July  10. 
Shorney.   George  H..  publisher.  March  23. 
Sinai,  Boris  J.   (1860).  insurance  agent,  March 

21. 

Sisson.  Everett,  editor,  in  Oakland.  Cal..  Oct.  1. 
Slifer.  Lieut. -Col.  Hiram  J..  railroad  official,  in 

France.  Feb.  3. 
Simonsen.    Mrs.   Jenny   L.    (1860).   in   Evawt- 

ton.  May  29. 

Slocum.   Mrs.   Sarah  M.    (1836).  Sept.  6. 
Smith.    Mrs.    Alice   Bradford    G.    (1856).    club 

worker.   April    17. 

Smith.   Frederick  A.    (1844).  judge.  July  31. 
Smith.    Frederick   B,    (1839).   retired  business 

man,   March  15. 

Smith.  William  Charles  (1825).  soldier.  April*. 
Sokuo.  Joseph    (1845).  merchant.  May  25. 
Spaulding.<  Howard  H.    (1864).  business 

April  1. 
Spellman.  Mrs.  Susan   (1856).  Sept.  6. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


957 


A  Drop  in  the  Bucket 

Every  householder*  s  expenses  are  divided  into  a  num- 
ber of  items;  food,  rent,  clothing,  fuel  and  light, 
house-furnishings,  insurance,  education  and  amuse- 
ments, sickness — and  the  telephone. 

Of  all  these  items  of  expense,  the  telephone  bill  is 
one  of  the  least,  being  a  very  small  percent  of  the 
total  cost. 

For  a  trifling  sum  at  most  you  have  constantly  at  your 
command  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  property 
and  the  service  of  skilled  workers. 

In  business  the  cost  of  the  telephone  is  frequently  an 
even  smaller' proportion  of  the  overhead  expense 
than  in  the  household. 

It  only  needs  an  emergency  to  bring  it  home  to  any 
subscriber  that  the  telephone  is  worth  many  times 
its  cost. 

In  the  face  of  today*  s  high  costs  the  telephone  is  a 
bargain;  and  a  daily  economy  for  every  subscriber. 


CHICAGO  TELEPHONE  COMPANY 


958 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Springrer,  Edward  B.  (1846).  pioneer,  in  La 
Grange,  Sept.  22. 

Standiford.   Marcellus,   publisher.   April   5. 

Stanley.  Mrs.  Carolina  A.  (1849).  author,  in 
Fulton.  Mo..  Jan.  14. 

Stanton.  John    (1839).  builder.  May  23. 

Stein,  David  A.    (1852).  manufacturer,  Aug.  2. 

Stern.  Nathaniel  A.  (1880).  former  alderman, 
March  23. 

Stevens,  Thomas  A.  (1868),  merchant,  in  New 
York.  N.  Y..  May  8. 

Stowell.  James  E.    (1855),  physician.  May  31. 

Street.  Arthur  Wray  (1848),  railway  official, 
in  New  York.  N.  Y..  July  9. 

Strong-,  William  H.    (1853).  journalist.  Aug.  1. 

Stuart.  Lewis  (1845).  educator,  in  Northport, 
Mich.,  July  8. 

Stumer,  Louis  N.  (1869),  merchant,  in  New 
London,  Conn..  July  14. 

Sullivan,   Mrs.   Catherine    (1862),    Jan.   27. 

Sullivan.  Robert  W..  advertising:  manager, 
March  3. 

Swart,  Jacob  H.    (1844).  printer,  Aug.  19. 

Taylor.  James  M.    (1848).   physician.  May  26. 

Teeple.  Frank  W.  (1860).  manufacturer, 
March  6. 

Thomas.  Eben  B.,  railroad  president,  in  Morris- 
town.  N.  J..  Sept.  4. 

Tilghman.  William  J.  (1835).  retired  business 
man.  in  Evanston.  March  18. 

Todd.  James  F.  (1841).  former  city  physician. 
March  24. 

Tolman.   Samuel  A.    (1835).  merchant.  June  4. 

Toner.  Henry  J..  attorney,  March  18. 

Tourtelotte.  Mrs.  Julia  I.  (1839).  in  Washing-- 
ton, D.  C..  May  11. 

Towner.  Daniel  B.  (1850).  composer  and 
evangelist,  at  Longwood.  Mo..  Oct.  3. 

Tucker.  William  F.  (1854).  retired  army  of- 
ficer, in  Hood  River,  Ore.,  Oct.  31. 

Tubbs.  Frederick  H.  (1834).  telegraph  official. 
Oct.  4. 

Turnbull.  Lawrence  (1840).  author  and  pub- 
lisher, in  Baltimore.  Md..  May  9. 

Tyler.  Frederic  C.    (1846).  merchant.  Feb.  17. 

Underwood.  Arthur,  attorney,  in  Boca  Grande. 
Fla..  Jan.  24. 

Upman.  Frank  (1852).  hotel  man.  In  Lot 
Angeles.  Cal..  Sept.  30. 


Upton.  George  P.   (1834).  music  critic,  May  19. 

Vanderkloot,  Mathias  R.  (1861)  manufactur- 
er, Jan.  29. 

Vattman.  Edward  J.  (1841),  veteran  army 
chaplain.  Sept.  29. 

Vincent.  William  A.    (1857).  lawyer.  March  21 

Volland,  C.  P.   (1874),  art  publisher,  May  5. 

Walker.  William  E.   (1868).  architect.  Dec.  26, 

1918. 
Wall.    John    E.    (1870).    department    manager 

in  Aurora,  111..   Sept.  19. 
Ward.  James  R.    (1851).  attorney.  Oct.  11. 
Washburn.    Elmer    (1834),    banker,    Nov.    23. 

Weber,'  Herman    (1842),    hotel    owner,    in   Los 

Angeles,   Cal..  March  18. 
Wegg-,  D.  S.    (1847),  lawyer,  Nov.  17. 
Welsh.     James     E.     (1857),     school    principal. 

June  10. 

Wescott.  O.  S.    (1834).  educator.  July  31. 
Wheeler.    George    A.     (1827).    board    of    trade 

operator.  Feb.   21. 

White.   Carlton    (1860).   manufacturer.   July  4. 
White.   George  W.    (1830).  packer.  May  19. 
White,  James,   merchant.  April  18. 
White,  Mrs.  Mary  G..  educator.  Jan.  19. 
Whitehead.  Mrs.  Eliza  P..  in  New  York.  N.  Y.. 

April  28. 
Wilder.  Thomas  E.  (1855).  manufacturer,  near 

Elmhurst.   Aug.   22. 

Willcox.  Mrs.  Mary  J..  author.  June  19 
Williams.    Edward    F.     (1832).    clergyman,    in 

Winnetka.  May.  27. 
Williams,  Harry  L.   (1859).  real  estate  dealer. 

July  28. 
Williams,  William  P.   (1855).  former  treasury 

official.  May  15. 

Willoughby,   C.  L.    (1839).   merchant.   Jan   9. 
Wilmarth.    Mrs.    Mary    J.     (1837),     at    Lake 

Geneva,   Aug.  28. 

Wing.  Russell  M.    (1852).  lawyer.  Jan.  4. 
Wood.    Milton   R.    (1840).    railroad    official,   in 

Plainfield.  111..  Aug.  4. 
Woods.  Robert  M.   (1840),  officer  in  civil  war. 

May  29. 

Wright.  John  F.  (1839).  grain  dealer.  April  23. 
Zeizler,     Joseph     (1854).    dermatologist.    Aug. 

31.   at  Mackinac  Island.  Mich. 


SOCIAL  SETTLEMENTS  IN  CHICAGO. 


Abraham  Lincoln   Centre — Oakwood  boulevard 

and   Langley   avenue:    secretary.   J.   P.   Hall. 
Association  House— 2150   West   North   avenue: 

Miss  Winifred   Salisbury. 

Bohemian    Settlement   House— 1831    South   Ra- 
cine  avenue:    Miss   Gertrude   Ray. 
Chicago    Commons — North    Morgan    street    and 

Grand   avenue:   Graham  Taylor. 
Chicago    Hebrew    Institute — West    Taylor    and 

Lytle    streets:    superintendent.   P.   L.   Seman. 
Christopher    House— 2507    Greenview    avenue; 

Miss  Ora  E.   Edmonds. 
Eli   Bates  House— 621    West   Elm   street:   Mrs. 

C.  Franklin  Leavitt. 
•Emerson  House— 1901   West  Ohio  street:  Miss 

Edna  L.    Wright,    head   resident. 
Fellowship   Hotise— 831   West   33d  place:   Mrs. 

Elliott  W.  Davis,  head  resident. 
Forward     Movement  — 109      North      Dearborn 

street:   W.  J.  Miller,   superintendent. 
Frederick     Douerlass— 3032     Wabash     avenue: 

Mrs.  A.  Bryant. 
Gads  Hill  Center— 1919  West  20th  street:  Miss 

Rnth  Austin. 
Halsted  Street  Institutional  Church  Settlement 

—1935    South   Halsted   street;    Rev.    R.    Ste- 

phenson. 
Henry    Booth    House— 701    West    14th    place: 

Mrs.   M.   R.   Kultchar. 
Hull    House— 800    South    Halsted    street:    Miss 

Jane  Addams. 


Institutional     Church— 3825     Dearborn     street: 

Rev.  A.  J.  Carey. 
Little   Wanderer   Day   Nursery    and   Settlement 

House— 2116     West     Chicago     avenue;     Mrs. 

Mary   A.   Cook. 
Marcy    Center— 1335    Newberry    avenue;    Miss 

Anna  Heistad,   R.  N. 
National   Park    Seminary    and    Settlement — 289 

West  24th  street:   Mrs.  E.  Martin. 
Neighborhood  House— 6710   South  May  street: 

Mrs.    H.    M.    Van    Der    Vaart    and    S.    Grace 

Nicholes. 
Northwestern    University— Augusta    and    Noble 

streets:   Miss   Harriet   E.  Vittum. 
Olivet    Institute— 444    Blackhawk    street:    Rev. 

Norman  B.   Barr. 
St.   Mary's   Settlement    and    Day    Nursery— 656 

West  44th  street:  Mrs.  May  Moore. 
Samaritan    Settlement    House— 2601    West    Su- 
perior    street:     Margaret     Lindesmith.     head 

resident. 
Sinai  Social  Center— 4622  Grand  boulevard:  S. 

D.   Schwartz. 
South    Deering-    Neighborhood    Center  — 10441 

Hoxie  avenue:   Ernest  J.  Morris. 
University   of  Chicago   Settlement — 4630   Gross 

avenue:  Miss  M?«ry  E.  McDowell. 
Wendell  Phillir>«— 200.Q  W-lnut  street:  Howard 

B.  W^ston.  h^ad  resident. 
World  School  Center— 3007  Ellis  avenue;  Mrs. 

Hilda  N.   Johnson-Haskins. 


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ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOE    1920. 


OLD   RESIDENTS    OF    CHICAGO. 

Nov.  15.  1919. 
In  the  following:  list  of  men  and  women  who 

have  lived  in  the  city  or  its  suburbs  for  sixty 

nine  years  or  more  there  are  doubtless  many 

omissipns,  thoug-h  an  effort  has  been  made  to 

make  it  as  complete  as  possible.     Additions  to. 

changes   of  residence  and  other  corrections  of 

this    list,    which    will    be    continued   in    future 

editions  of  this  publication,  will  be  gladly  re- 
ceived.    Names  marked  with  an  *  are  those  of 

persons  born  in  Chicago  or  Cook  county.     Ages 

when  known  are  given  in  parentheses: 

1827— Griffin,   Ella,    2461   Seminary  avenue. 

1829— Clingman,  Mrs.  Wm.*    (90),   5499  Hyde 
Park-av. 

1831— Outhet.  Miss  Elizabeth  (88),  219  Frank- 
lin avenue.  River  Forest. 

1832— Goeden.  Mrs.  Susan  (89).  1900  Estes-av. 

1834— Ludwigr,    Catherine.    1465    W.    Superior 

Rexford,  Simeon  A.,  6519  Lafayette  avenue. 
1835— Harman,  William   (85).  3840  West  End 
avenue. 

Mason,  J.  A.*    (85).  Prairie  View.  HI. 

Scranton,   Mrs.  Mary  J.,    (89).    6852   Harper 
avenue. 

Sinclair,  Georg-e   (85).  4327  Berkeley-av. 

Thies.  Mrs.  A.  C..  1157  West  Van  Buren-st 
1836— Aernew.  John*    (83).  40  Elm  street. 

Garrity,   Maria,    5256   Sheridan  road. 

Morris.   Mrs.   Mary.  4145   Kenmore   avenue. 

Warner.  Mrs.  Roxana  (87).  7116  Stewart-av. 
1837— Bohlander.   John    (82),   Hinsdale. 

Doty.   Harvey  C.    (86),    1104  Grand  avenue. 

Goodrich.   Henry  C.   1704   Humboldt  avenue. 

Goodrich.   Horace   A.*    (82).    522   Deming-pl. 

Keefe.   Edward    (85).  3971   Ellis  avenue. 

Stryker.  John*  (82).  4246  South  Ashland-av. 
1838-Clark.   Catherine   C.*    (81).   7628   South 
Sangamon  street. 

Collins,  W.  M.   (83),  5610  Princeton  avenue. 

Flag-g-.  Emma  J.  T.*    (81),  612  Woodland-pk. 

O'Neil.  John  J.    (82).  3934  Lexinglon  street. 

Pitkin.  Mary.  J.*    (81),   55  West   Schiller-st. 

Sinclair.  Mrs.  J.  E.*    (81).  703  N.  3d  avenue. 
1839— Chase.  Mrs.  Ben.  F.   (85).  6527  Yale-av. 

Gray.  Allen  W.*    (80).   3213  Wnshington-bd. 

Harpel.   E'iza*    (80).   51   East   Oak  street. 

Lewis.  Charles  J.   (81).  1900  Carroll  avenue. 

Lewis.  John    (89).  2414  Gladys  avenue. 

Periolat.   Clemens  F.    (80).   3153  Cambridg-e 
avenue. 

Peters.  Johanna,  1929  Bradley  place. 

Russell.   Isaac   (80).  2135  Carroll  avenue. 

Sampson.  Mrs.  R.  R.*   (80).  7380  Rog-ers-av. 
1840— Carroll.   Michael*    (79).   Soldiers'   home. 
Quincy,    HI. 

Falch.  Charles  H.   (79).  541  E.  41st  place. 

Farrar.  Mrs.  Sophia  B.   (79).  3130  Dearborn 
street. 

Fuller.  Mrs.  Ann  C.    (80).   810  Oakwood-bd. 

Hamilton,   Henry  E.    (79).   817  N.  Dearborn 
street. 

SohmidL   Louis.   Bensenville,   111. 

Welch.  iTames   (94).  515  West  Madison-st. 
1841— Breidt.  Adam  (81).  5612  N.  Ashland-av. 

Ebert.  Albert  E.   (79).  276  Michigan  avenue. 

Foster.  Orrington  C.  (78),  1401  N.  Dearborn 
street. 

Lewis.  Eli  R.    (78).  7458  Normal  avenue. 

Lloyd.  John  A..  2110  Jackson  houl-v-rd. 

Loringr,   Stella  Dver*    (78).   4600   ElM0-av. 

Sinter.   John*    (78),   5916   Normal   avenue. 

Smith,   Orson*    (78),   50  B^Vvne  T>l-»ee. 

Tally.  Alfred  M.*    (78>.   3611   Vi^oennos-av. 
1843— Armstrong:,  John  M.   (77).  628  Briar-pi. 

Athy,   Stephen.  4743  Indiana  avenue. 

Barrhard,    John,    De«   Plains.    Til. 

Brettmann.   Henry    (77).   2000  Humboldt-bd. 

Cowt>er.  John  H.    (78).  Mofotrljrr    N.  J 

CulVrton.  Edward  F.*   (77),  4242  West' Har- 
rison street. 

Curtis.    DeWitt   H.    (80),    1302    Washington 
boulevard. 


Dickerman,   Mrs.  M.  B.*    (77),   5019  Normal 
avenue. 

Falconer.  Wm.   (102),  3000  N.  Cicero-av. 

Jax,    Nicholas    (83),    2310   Seminary  avenue 

Mattes.  Frank.  4936  North  Irving-  avenue    ' 

Merrill.   George  H.    (80),  4236  Jackson-blvd 

Muench,   Johanne.   718   Roscoe   street 

Murphy.    Charles   A.,    4120    Wiicox    street. 

Russell,  Mrs.  Ellen  I.    (77),  2135  Carroll-av 

Wener.    Geo^e   W.    (77),    7008    Normal  av 

Wiggins.   John   B.,   4625   Greenwood   avenue. 
1843— Allmendinger,    Peter    (77),    438   Arling- 
ton place. 

Feldman,    Mary,    3828    Keystone    avenue 

Follansbee.     George    A.     (76),     767     Willow 
street.  Winnetka. 

Ford.  Elisha  M.    (83).  3209  Warren  avenue 

Gavin,    Rev.   E.   W.*    (76),    Waukegan 

Gubbins.   George  P.,   3912  West   18th 'street. 

Hickcox,    Mrs.     Sophia    E.     (98),    417    Lee 
street,   Evanston. 

Holden,   William  H.    (76).   1143  Forest  ave- 
nue, Evanston. 

Lang-don.  Addison  L.    (76).  916  East  62d-st. 

Mag-ee,   Henry  W.    (78).   5626  Dorchester-av. 

Sherman,  Charles  D.*    (76).  Riverside. 

Snahn,  Jos.  M.    (76),   10307  Indianapolis-av. 

Weckler.  Adam  J.    (77).  3446  Broadway. 
1844— Arnold.  Miss  Katherine   D.*    (75).   674 
Lincoln   parkway. 

Bennett.  Robert  J.  (80).  4250  N.  Paulina-st. 

Butts,  Milton  D.  (81).  130  Keystone  avenue. 
River  Forest. 

Ferg-us.  John  B.*  (75).  923  Gait  avenue. 

Fergns.  John  Q.    (78),  3114  Vernon  avenue. 

Flanders.  Isabel  W.  (90),  4917  Christiana-ar. 

Hoppe.    Victoria.    529   Grant   place. 

Hoyne,  Thomas  M.   (75),  3369  Calumet-av. 

Janes.  Mrs.  J.  E..  822  Dfkin  street. 

Kay.  Joseph  A.*    (75).   5601   Elston  avenue. 

Lamb,  Clinton  S.  (75).  1224  West  Adams-st. 

Marshall,    J.   F.*    (75).    3043    Groveland-av, 

Mason.  Georg-e   (79).  1440  West  Monroe-st. 

Peck.  Helen  M.*    (75).  Denver.  Col. 

Reid.  Mrs.   Elizabeth  G*    (75).  2245  North 
Halsted  street. 

Rig-ney,  Mary  A.,   5039  West  Huron  street. 

Robins,  Charlotte*    (76).  5553  Wentworth-ar. 

Rung-e.    H-m-y    (75).    2528    N.   Spauldingr-av. 

Sauter.  Charles  J.*  (75).  4515  Beacon  street. 

Schafer,   John,   G^oss  Point. 

Schram.  C.  B.  (85).  37  North  Halsted  street. 

Sepvert.   E.  G.    (81).   641  Hamburg-  street. 

Skinner.  Miss  Elizabeth   (75).  612  Rush-st. 

Snowden.  Orpha   (94),  863  Lill  avenue. 

Tetbbetts.    Elizabeth    E.*    (75).    4736    North 
Paulina  street. 

Van  Horn.  Mrs.  A.  G.  S.    (75),  4510  Green- 

view  avenue, 
1845— Batterman.  Sophia  L..  2022  Fremont-st. 

Black.  Mary.  3247  No^th  Halsted  street. 

Breese.  A.  K.   (74),  9711  Parnell  avenue. 
Breese.  Mrs.  A.  K.   (74),  9711  Parnell  avenue. 
Bromilaw.  Mrs.  Minnie  C.*  (74).  7642  Green- 
wood avenn" 

Casey.  Mrs.  Helen  M.   (84).  4223  West  Mon- 
roe   street. 

Franzen.  B.  L..  Bensenville,  HI. 
Fo"d.  John  W..  3845  T^xinerton  avenue. 
Holdshin.   T^r-bara.   ft117  *"dj?ewood  avenue. 
Jackson    Oliv^    (7*).   4458   Oakenwald-av. 
Kleinman.  John  J..  1558  Fulton  street. 
Knickerbocker.    A.  V.*    (74).   3301  Washing- 
ton boulevard. 

Ler>dv.  Georpre  B..  3554  La   Salle  street. 
Manure    G^o^fce*    (74).    100   Bellevue-place. 
Robinson.  W.  R.   (74).  55fi  W.  Adorns  street. 
Roth     M-d^liTi0.  4116  "^orth  Paulina  street. 
Rnth^rfo^d.    T.    A.     (81).    Grand    and    Oak 

Park   avenripp. 

Satterlee.    Georg-e   A.*    (74),   2704   Michigan 
avenue. 


ADVERTISEMENT.  961 


QUALITY  METALS 

THE  BLATCHFORD 

"NO.  1"  STEREOTYPE  METAL. 

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SPECIAL  MIXTURES. 


THE  CHICAGO  DAILY  NEWS.  Chicago,  November  9,  1919. 

Messrs.  E.  W.  Blatchford  Company, 

230  North  Clinton-st.,  City. 

Gentlemen :  We  have  used  the  Blatchford  metals — stereotype, 
linotype  and  autoplate — continuously  for  many  years,  and  with  uni- 
form satisfaction.    We  believe  them  to  be  unsurpassed  in  quality. 
Very  truly  yours, 

VICTOR  F.  LAWSON.  Publisher. 


Manufactured   Exclusively  by 


E.  W.  Blatchford   Company 

CHICAGO  NEW  YORK 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


Schimmels,   Chr.*    (74).   1410   S.   Halsted-st. 
Schnabel.  Jacob,  82  North  Robey  street. 
Trauscht.  Anna  M.*    (74).  2481  Archer-av. 
Wayman,  William,  5410  West  Ohio  street. 
1846— Becker.  Madalena.   1206  Wellington-av, 
Berg-er.  Louis  A.   (86),  2129  Cuyler  avenue. 
Bournique.  Mrs.  A.  E.*    (73).  315  E.  23d-st. 
Boyd.   Mrs.  C.  L.    (73).   5406  Blackstone-av. 
Brachtendorf,  Anton    (75).   348  Mohawk-st. 
Brinkworth.  Mrs.  Emma  A.    (73),  884  Irving 

place. 

Brown,   Edward  C.    (74).   6056  Kenwood-av. 
Culver.    John    (73),    2146    Railroad    avenue, 

Evanston. 

Dayton.  Mrs.  Martha  S.   (73).  6950  Lowe-av. 
Evert,   Barbara.   6014  North  Robey   street. 
Fishback.  Mrs.  Mary    (79).   6938  Wentworth 

avenue. 

Fitzpatrick.  J.  C..  5324  Wabash  avenue. 
Franzen,   Joseph,  2631  North  Halsted  street. 
Ganshaw,    Mrs.    Anna    M.    (73),    1254    57th 

avenue,  Cicero. 

Gray,  George  L.    (73).  2644  Indiana  avenue. 
Griffin.   Mrs.  F.  A.    (83).    907   West  Monroe 

Gross.  George  M.  (73).  1445  South  State-st. 
Hayes,  Michael  (74),  4546  West  Adams-st. 
Healy.  James  T.*  (73).  747  Bittersweet-place. 
Hitz.  Louis  J.  (85).  95th-st  and  Western-av. 
Hough.  Albert  J.  (73).  4828  Kenwood-av. 
Husted.  Frank  T.  (73).  2331  South  Morgan 

avenue.  Morgan  Park. 
Kemler.  Lena.   3434  West  62d  street. 
Klassen.  Jacob   (84).  3123  South  Park-av. 
Klossman.   Charlotte    (79).   4123   North  Kil- 

dare  avenue. 

Knight.  Jennie  H.*   (73).  3336  Rhodes-av. 
Lawrence.    Theodore    F.     (73).    1995    North 

Halsted  street. 

Lemmon.   Vina    (73),   1552  Lill  avenue. 
McHenry.   Abbie  C.*    (73).    1815   Indiana-av. 
Monheimer,  Conrad   (86).  4033  Prairie-av. 
Monroe.  Benj.  F.   (79),  850  East  65th  street. 
Nelson,   Andrew   G.    (93).   4635  Langley-av. 
Niehofl.  Katherine   (79).  1028  Oakdale-av. 
Polkey.  Margaret*   (73).  5100  Sheridan  road. 
Sears.  Joseph  (76),  Kenilworth. 
Sebastian.  Elizabeth.  5412  North  Wayne-av. 
Sickinger,  Jacob*    (73).  (1434  Devon  avenue. 
Smalley.  Mrs.  A.  K.*    (73).  2544  Kimball-av. 
Smith,  James  H.  (75),  418  Oak  street. 
Spaehr.  Mary.  4812  Sheridan  road. 
Stratton.  Helen  A.,  2249  West  Monroe  street. 
Tyler.  Albert  S.*   (73).  Hyde  Park  boulevard. 
Weir.  Robert  (79),  6223  Yale  avenue. 
Williams.  Hobart*   (73).  Cheshire,  Conn. 
Yoe,  Lucien  G.*   (73).  Highland  Park., 
1847— Barry,    Rebecca    A..    1916    Belle  'Plaine 

avenue. 

Bender,  George  A.   (85).  3435  N.  Harding-av. 
Beers.  George  T.    (82),  3414  S.  Paulina-st. 
Bishop.  Joseph  H.   (80).  600  York  place. 
Brettmann,    Mrs.    Louisa    (72).    2069    Hum- 

boldt  boulevard. 

Chapel.  G.  R..  3513  Carroll  pvenue. 
Clausen,  Mrs.  Lizzie*  (72),  1752  N.  Wells-st. 
Cook,  John  F..  1752  North  Kedzie  avenue. 
Curtis,  Charles  C.*   (72),  1414  Astor  street. 
Danenhower,  Joseph  L..   3857  Ellis  avenue. 
Dibos.  Margaret,  1838  Hudson  avenue. 
Doetsch.  Anton.  Glen  View. 
Haggard.  John  D.*    (72).  154  North  Pine-av. 
Hart,  John  E.   (92),  309  Beethoven  place. 
Henderson,   Robert    (72),    1460  Cullom-av. 
Hettinger.  Barbara,  1049  Webster  avenue. 
Higgins.  Mrs.  L.  A.  R.  (72).  5550  University 

avenue. 

Hough,  Charles  H.*   (72),  4828  Kenwood-av. 
Hoxie,  Mary  H.*    (72),  4440  Michigan-av. 
Kugel,  Eliza,  4046  Lowe  avenue. 
Krummenacher,    John,    621    Asbury    avenue, 

Evanston. 

Lang.  Andrew,  1635  Larrabee  street. 
Lauer.  Maria   (89),  1744  Belmont  avenue. 


Manierre.  William  R.*    (72).  1507  Dearborn 
parkway. 

Morgan.  Wm.  R.«  (72).  310  North  Mason-av. 

Mullen.  John  Y.   (72).  412  Sherman  street. 

Oyen.   Georgiana,   1643   North  Troy  street. 

Rippberger,  George,  1848  Belle  Plaine  avenue. 

Rohmer.  Mrs.  C.,  58  S.  Vine-st..   Hinsdale. 

Schnor,    Nicolaus,    2051    Orchard   street. 

Schubert.  Mrs.  Margaret    (78).  5635  Prince- 
ton avenue. 

Simon.  William  (81).  4624  North  Clark-st. 

Taylor,  Mrs.  Agnes  M.*    (72).  2631  Best-av. 

Thiele.    Heinrich    (90).   2125   Cleveland-av. 

Thiele.   Maria    (91).   2125  Cleveland  avenue. 

Thilo,  Mrs.  Elizabeth   (84).  1861  North  Hal- 
sted street. 

Turner.  John  W.*    (72),  1854  Addison-st. 

Watson.  Edward,  326  South  Western  avenue. 

Wayman,  James  B.*    (72).  4858  Kenmore-av. 

Whitehead.   Edward  J.    (80).  River  Forest. 
1848— Bremner.    David   F.    (80).    5009    Green- 
wood avenue. 

Bryan,  Frederick  W.*    (71).  1423  Kenilworth 
avenue. 

Cornell,    Sarah.    3332  Lexington  street. 

Eberlen.   George  P.*    (71),  1140  Wrightwood 
avenue. 

Fennimore,  William,  1447  Kenilworth  avenue. 

Gray,  P.  W..  2563  North  Winchester  avenue. 

Gunderson.    M.   A.    (84).    2531    North  Fran- 
cisco avenue. 

Hecktor.  Jacob  S.  (71).  3011  Archer  avenue. 

Joyce,  Mrs.  Thomas  (81).  3426  Prairie-av. 

Lahgguth,  J.  F.  (77).  1929  Waveland  avenue. 

Letto,   A.  M.,   1033   Wellington   avenue. 

McMahon.  Mrs.  Mary   (78).  2902  Wallace-st. 

Monheimer.   Leonard    (86).    5008   Prairie-av. 

Murphy,  Joseph  (96).  5648  Michigan  avenue. 

McClevey.  Mary,  2059  North  Keeler  avenue. 

McConnell.   John*    (71).   546   Hawthorne-pl. 

Olson.   Oliver    (72).   3435  Melrose  street. 

Parker.  John  D.    (79).  216  East  56th  street. 

Peck.  Ferdinand  W.   (71).  1828  S.  Michigan 
avenue. 

Renich.  Mrs.  Helen  (72).  1926  School  street. 

Riley.  John  P.    (74).   1920  Hudson  avenue. 

Rofinot,  Victor  F.    (?1).   6354  Langley-av. 

Rogan.  John  J.  (73)  \4203  S.  State  street. 

Rudolph,  John  C,    (94).  527  Briar  place. 

Sampson.  John  C.*    (71).  1243  East  47th-«t. 

Schimmels.  Capt.  C..  1410  S.  Halsted  street. 

Schlecht.  Mrs.  C.  C.  (76).  5804  Race-av. 

Schlossman.   J.   B.    (71),    5341   Calumet-av. 

Schmidt.   Mrs.  Sophie   (84).  Oak  Park. 

Schupp,  Philip,  2426  Berwyn  avenue. 

Scouton,  T.  B.   (71).  4706  Magnolia  avenue. 

Sheppard.   Robert  D.*    (71),   Evanston. 

Smyth,  Thomas  A.*    (71).  2022  West  Jack- 
son boulevard. 

Soelke,  Henry,  2743  Washington  boulevard. 

Spikings.    William   H.    (71).    6031    N.   Craw- 
ford avenue. 

Starkweather.   C.   H.*    (71).   5828  University 
avenue. 

Stewart.  Bridget   (85).  1830  West  13th-st. 

Varges,    Edward   E.    (71).   5325   N.   Ashland 
avenue. 

Weber,   Herman    (77),   742  Junior  terrace. 

Wilcox.    George    G.*     (71).    800,    167    West 

Washington  street. 
1849— Boyd,  Robert    (78),    1321   East  52d-st. 

Buggie,   James    (71).  10609  Drew  street. 

Cobb,   Weldon  J.*    (70).  Wheaton. 

Curtis.   Rev.  Edw.  H.    (75).   6329  Woodlawn 

Doyle,  Austin  J.*   (70).  6544  Harvard-av. 
Dundy,    Kate.    2828    West    Superior   street. 
Furst,  Conrad,    (89),  2340  Lincoln  parkway. 
Gebert.  Johanna.  2710  Cottage  Grove  avenue. 
Glasebrook,    George    (94),    2230  Flournoy-st. 
Glasebrook.  Mrs.  Mary  A.   (90).  2230  Flour- 

noy  street. 

Goodwillie.  Mrs.  Cecelia  (90),  450  Roslyn-pl. 
Goold.  John  E.    (70).   2216  Prairie  avenue. 
Graham.    John    R.     (88).    3340    Washington 

boulevard. 


ADVERTISEMENT.  963 


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964 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Gregory,  Margaret,  3849  Belmont  avenue. 

Grupe.  Conrad   («6),  2176  N.  Maplewood-av. 

Guthier.  Lawreoce,  Norwood  Park. 

Hatch.  William  H.   (70).  2703  N.  Halsted-st. 

Jaworski,  Stephen  D.*  (70),  2743  Warren-av. 

Joslyn.  Walter  S.   (76).  436  East  72d  street. 

Leopold.  Mrs.  C.*   (70).  2666  N.  Halsted-st. 

Melvin.  Thos.  H.   (70).  2508  N.  Artesian-av. 

Moore.  William  J.   (74).  311  Wendell  street. 

O'Byrne.  Mrs.  E.    (75).  2545  Washimrton-bd. 

Oliver,  Lucy  Hicks  (75).  809  Crescent  place. 

Prindiville.  Wm.  H.*   (70),  2058  Burling-st. 

Ritchie.  Hugh    (95).   28  West  Chestnut-st. 

Rumsey.  George  D.   (70),  Congress  hotel. 

Scholl,  Mrs.  Wilhelmina   (80).  2610  Coyne-st. 

Schneider.  Martin,   1636  Granville  avenue. 

Shepard.  F.  A.*   (70).  540  Millard  avenue. 

Sullivan.  Timothy   (70).  4855  W.  Van  Buren 
B  t  reel. 

Sweeney.   Eugene*    (70).  225  N.  Waller-av. 

Theis,  Theodore   (74),  2729  Pine  Grove-av. 

Wachter,  Henry,   3938  North  Hoyne  avenue. 

Weber.  Mrs.  Barbara  M.   (84).  1880  Milwau- 
kee avenue. 

1850— Baumann.    Frederick    (93).    2744    Pine 
Grove  avenue. 

Bechtel.  John,  4927  North  Irving1  avenue. 

Bomhake.  William*    (69).  5442  Leland-av. 

Butterfield.  Caroline  S.   (69).  1225  Columbia 
avenue. 

Clingman.  Chas.  W.*  (69).  4748  Kenwood-av. 

Dunne.  Michael  J.   (79).  4901  Dorchester-av. 

Gonerer.  Jacob.  4530  North  Knox  avenue. 

Finke.  Mrs.  Anna  M.  (90).  1342  Wolfram-st. 

Foley.  Adele,  6238  South  Aberdeen  street. 

Gloor.   Elizabeth.   6332  Lakewood   avenue. 

Grau,  Amalia.  3227  Clifton  avenue. 

Haake.  George*   (69),  621  Wellington  avenue. 

Haines.  George*  (69),  6544  Cicero  avenue. 

Haines.   Walter  S.*    (69),   1746  West   Hani- 
son  street. 

Hawes.  Robert   (84),  2935  Bonfield  street. 

Heidel.  Otto.  2519  Cologne  street. 

Horn.   Eliza.   842  Diversey  parkway. 

Howe.  Miss  Frances  (69).  5024  Grace  street. 

Jiroch.  Joseph   (73).  1837  Mohawk  street. 

Keller,    Mary.   610   North   Sangamon   street. 

Kenser.   Katharina,   3741   Bosworth  avenue. 

Kotz.  Charles  E.*   (69),  4869  Winthrop-av. 

Lawson.  Victor  F.*    (69).  1500  Lake  Shore 
drive. 

Leander.  J,.  530   North  Clark  street. 

Lendrum.   George*    (69),   900    Hope   street. 

Loehr.   Justus   P.   C.    (78).    2824    Burling-st. 

Mahoney.  David*  (69).  4132  Indiana  avenue. 

Mahoney.  Timothy   (69).  738  Racine  avenue. 

Martin.    Mrs.   Mary    (7il).    6418   Langley-av. 

Miller.   Bd  M.    (69).    1906  South  Turner-av. 

Miller.  Eliza.  2142  Clifton  avenue. 

Morris.  William  (76).  4936  Kimbark  avenue. 

Moser.  George  W.    (69).  400  Maple  avenue. 
Oak  Park. 

Munsen,  John   (80).  3028  N.  Sawyer  avenue. 

Nelson.  Mrs.  G.  V,    (92).  2334  Annitage-av. 

Musham.  Mrs.  Catherine.  741  Rush  street. 

Nurnberger.    Mrs.    Emile    (81),    2968    South 
State  street. 

Ohlerking.  John  H.  (77).  River  Forest. 

O'Leary.  David.  1333  East  71st  street. 

Pinkerton.  William  A.  (73).  199  East  Oak-st. 

Pomy.  Mrs.  Anna  (74).  431  Webster  avenue. 

Schaffer,  Ferdinand    (70).  Blue  Island. 

Schuenemann.   John.    1440   N.   Hermitage-av. 

Senf.  Sofia    (71).  River  Grove. 

Seyer.  Virginia  L.  A..  1616  Rees  street. 

Spaan.  Martin.  4812  Sheridan  road. 

Stender.  C.  F.  G..  308  South  Hamlin  avenue. 

Sussem.  John   (73),  1067  West  Harrison-st. 

Thiele.  Christ.  22d  and  Wolf  road.  Hillside. 

Trapp.  Margaret.  2827  South  Park  avenue. 

Walsh.  David*    (69),  3142  West  16th  street. 

Wegselbaum.  Joseph    (69),  5007  North  Ash- 
land avenue. 

Weihe.  Mrs.  Caroline  (78).  5064  North  Win- 
chester avenue. 


DIED  IN  1919. 

Amberg-,  Mrs.  W.  A.  (72).  1301  N.  State 
street;  born  in  Chicago,  1847;  died  Nov.  15. 

Balken.  Peter  M.  (82).  71  Keystone  avenue: 
arrived  1849;  died  May  22. 

Barnard.  Capt.  Dauiel  E.  (93).  1924  W.  103d 
street;  arrived  1846;  died  March  7. 

Best  William  (78),  4620  Ellis  avenue;  arrived 
1852;  died  April  20. 

Botsford.  Henry  (85).  2129  Prairie  avenue; 
arrived  1853;  died  May  1. 

Bradley,  J.  Harley  (75).  31  East  Elm  street: 
arrived  1845:  died  June  17. 

Clark.  Mrs.  Margaret  W.  (74).  3125  Warren 
avenue:  born  in  Chicago  1845;  died  Oct.  8. 

Cooke,  Mrs.  Mary  (88),  41  Central  boulevard: 
arrived  1846:  died  Aug.  5. 

Cox,  Mrs.  Electra  R..  1529  Astor  street;  ar- 
rived 1856;  died  Aug.  15. 

Craig.  J.  C.  (62).  738  South  Oakley  boule- 
vard: born  in  Chicago  1857;  died  April  17. 

Curtis.  Henry  M.  (78).  4559  Woodlawn  ave- 
nue: arrived  1849:  died  April  6. 

Curtis.  Mrs.  Mary  Ann  (93).  5044  West  Ohio 
street:  arrived  1847:  died  Feb.  6. 

Devlin.  Mrs.  Frank  A.  (60).  3215  Michigan 
avenue;  born  in  Chicago  1859:  died  June  4. 

Eiszner,  Mrs.  John  (80).  5921  Washington 
boulevard:  arrived  1844:  died  June  25. 

Eldridge.  Mrs.  Sarah  L.  (74).  4016  West  Har- 
rison street:  arrived  1855:  died  Aug.  16. 

Engel.  Bernhard  (83),  5115  Drexel  boulevard: 
arrived  1857:  died  Oct.  1. 

Fancher.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  W.  (90).  1454  Sher- 
man-av.,  Evanston:  ar.  1849;  died  June  15. 

Greene,  Mrs.  Augustus  W.  (65),  152  East  Su- 
perior street:  died  April  13. 

Greenebaum.  Elias  (97).  4510  Grand  boule- 
vard; arrived  1848:  died  July  25. 

Griffin.  Mrs.  Frances  Hawkins  (88) :  arrived 
1852:  died  April  28. 

Gross.  Charles  (68).  7240  South  Shore  road: 
bora  in  Chicago  '1853:  died  Aug.  12. 

Halloran,  Mrs.  Mary  (90).  876  North  Frank- 
lin street:  arrived  1852;  died  April  15. 

Houlihan.  Mrs.  Mary.  4153  Grenshaw  street: 
arrived  1859:  di-d  Mny  16. 

Kefer.  Mrs.  Anna  M.  (73).  1728  Balmoral  ave- 
nue: arrived  1847;  died  May  25. 

Kellner,  Mrs.  Barbara  (62).  2142  Sedgwick 
street:  born  in  Chicago  1857:  died  May  13. 

Kelly.  Mrs.  Catherine  (80).  3347  West  Madi- 
son street;  arrived  1859:  died  May  19. 

Le  Beau.  Emily  B^aubieu  (94),  Aurora,  HI.; 
arrived  1829;  died  Nov.  4. 

Matz.  Otto  H.  (89).  120  East  Oak  street; 
arrived  1853:  died  March  8. 

Mauff.  Mrs.  Nora  Smith  (80).  1327  Lake 
street.  Evanston;  arrived  in  Chicago  1850: 
died  Aug.  21. 

Mendsen,  Edward  '87),  531  8th  avenue,  Wil- 
mette:  arrived  1848:  died  March  3. 

Merz.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  (88).  3309  Park  avenue: 
arrived  1847:  died  March  20. 

Mills.  Mrs.  D.  W.  (75).  3345  Washington  bd.: 
bora  in  Chicago  1844;  died  Sept.  18. 

Morgan,  Julia  E.*  (82),  511  East  60th  street, 
born  in  Cook  county,  1847;  died  Oct.  10. 

O'Malia.  Mrs.  Ellen  (80).  9030  Exchange  ave- 
nue: arrived  1849;  died  May  14. 

Peck,  Mrs.  Hannah  A.,  Wilmette;  settled  near 
Waukegan  1846:  died  Feb.  1. 

Peters,  Mrs.  Marie  (87).  1721  Otto  street: 
arrived  1846:  died  Jan.  15. 

Rappleyer.  Mrs.  Thera  M.  (74).  4157  Grand 
boulevard:  born  in  Chicago  1845:  died 
March  2. 

Pond.  Sarah  A.,  1117  Forest  avenue,  Evanston: 
arrived  in  Chicago  1840:  died  July  11. 

Schillo.  Mrs.  Adam  (81).  1722  Mohawk-st.: 
arrived  1848:  died  Dec.  28,  1918. 

Smith.  Frederick  A.  (75).  609  Rush-st.:  born 
in  Jefferson  township  1844;  died  July  31. 

Smith.  Mrs.  T.  (86).  1520  North  MontieellO 
iv.enue;  arrived  1848:  died  Dec.  22.  1918. 

Sullivan.  Mrs.  Daniel  J..  6554  Woodlawn  ave- 
nue; arrived  1859;  died  May  17. 


ADVERTISEMENTS.  965 


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ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


Townsend.   Oliver    (82),   Onarga.    111.:   born  in 
an-(923°).    arrived  1M»: 


aBorc      (78)     5544   West  Van 
Buren  street:  arrived  1851:  died  Sept.  25. 


Weokler,  Adam  J.  (77),  San  Diego,  Cal.;  ar- 
rived in  Chicago  1843:  died  Sept.  21. 

Wilson.  William  J.  (87).  Pine  Lake,  Ind.;  ar- 
rived in  Chicago  1852:  died  June  28. 

Young:.  Mrs.  Emma  L.  (86),  2900  Wilcox-st.; 
arrived  1835:  died  Aug.  24. 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF   NATURAL  HISTORY. 

anthropology,  botany,  geology  and  zoology,  and 


.  Ryerson.  Watson  F. 


Blair. 


. 
Director  of  the  Museum  and  Secretary—  Fred- 

erick J.  V.  Skiff. 
Treasurer—  Solomon  A.  Smith. 
Assistant  Secretary  and  Recorder—  D.  C.  Davies. 

The  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  estab- 
liahed  in  1894  at  the  close  of  the  World's  Co- 
lumbian Exposition  of  1893.  occupies  the  tem- 
porary building  erected  for  fine  arts  in  Jackson 
park,  the  exposition  site.  .The  founding  of  a 
•dentine  institution  of  this  character  in  Chi- 


cag-o  was  made  possible  by  the  rift  of  Sl. 
000  by  Marshall  Field,  who  on  his  death  (Jan. 
16.  1906)  bequeathed  the  institution  a  further 
S8  000  000.  $4.000,000  for  the  erection  of  a 
permanent  building  and  $4,000.000  for  endow- 
ment. In  addition  $1.500.000  has.  been  donat- 
ed by  other  individuals  and  there  is  an  annual 
income  from  other  sources  than  endowment  of 
about  $25.000.  The  citizens  of  Chicago  have 
confirmed  legislative  provision  for  the  levy  of 
a  tax  fer  the  maintenance  of  the  museum 
when  a  new  building:  shall  have  been  erected. 
which  it  is  estimated  will  eventually  produce 
approximately  $100.000  per  annum. 

The  new  building-  is  now  near  completion. 
near  and  south  of  Roosevelt  road  extended  in 
an  easterly  direction.  The  architecture  of  this 
building  is  ornamental  and  dignified  in  charac- 
ter. as  befits  its  location  in  a  public  park.  The 
general  architecture  of  the  present  building  in 
Jackson  park  has  been  retained  as  well  as  the 
beautiful  effects  of  the  colonnade  structure. 

The  nucleus  of  the  exhibition  material  was 
gathered  by  gift  and  purchase  at  the  World  s 
Columbian  Exposition.  Most  of  this  material, 
however,  has  since  been  rearranged,  readapted 
or  discarded.  Several  departments  created  at 
the  organization  have  been  abandoned,  until, 
after  the  lapse  of  twenty  yoars  and  the  expend- 
iture of  approximately  $6.500.000.  the  museum 
is  now  divided  into  five  departments—  namely. 


the  Harris  public  school  extension.  Many  ex- 
peditions for  the  purpose  of  obtaining-  study, 
exhibition  and  exchange  material  and  data  have 
been  dispatched  all  over  the  world.  The  re- 
sults of  these  expeditions,  investigations  and 
researches  have  been  published  by  the  museum 
from  time  to  time,  which  publications  have 
been  distributed  to  kindred  societies  and  insti- 
tutions both  at  home  and  abroad.  An  im- 
portant contribution  of  $250,000  by  Norman 
W.  Harris  was  announced  in  December,  1911. 
for  the  extension  of  the  work  of  the  museum 
into  the  public  schools  of  Chicago.  The  plans 
for  carrying  out  Mr.  Harris*  wishes  were  placed 
in  operation  in  the  spring  of  1913.  The  mu- 
seum has  a  working  library  of  about  70.000 
titles,  an  extensive  exchange  system,  fully 
equipped  departmental  laboratories,  a  herbari- 
um of  more  than  500,000  sheets,  study  collec- 
tions in  mammals  and  birds  reaching  many 
thousand  specimens,  a  large  two  story  taxi- 
dermy section,  a  well  equipped  printing  shop, 
illustration  studios  and  assaying  and  lapidary 
rooms.  In  North  American  ethnology,  in  the 
world's  mineralogy,  in  economic  botany,  the 
museum  is  particuarly  prominent,  while  it*  se- 
ries of  mounted  mammals  furnishes  examples 
of  advanced  museum  methods.  The  present  main 
building  covers  nine  acres  and  is  ppen  to  the 
public  on  all  days  except  Christmas  and 
Thanksgiving.  An  admission  fee  of  25  cents  is 
charged  except  on  Saturdays  and  Sundays, 
when  admiss'on  is  free  to  all.  Students,  schol- 
ars and  teachers  are  admitted  free  on  all  days 
between  9  a.  m.  and  4  p.  m. 

The  museum  is  incorporated  under  state  law 
and  the  administrative  control  rests  in  a  board 
of  trustees  with  president,  secretary,  etc.  The 
executive  of  the  museum  is  the  director,  under 
whom  there  are  five  head  curators  with  divi- 
sional assistant  curators,  preparators.  etc.  The 
entire  museum  records,  the  accessions  system, 
the  historical  files,  publications  and  supplies 
are  in  charge  of  a  recorder. 


American  Red  Cross  Society  (Chicago  chapter) 
—112  West  Adams  street;  executive  secre- 
tary John  W.  Champion:  secretary,  W.  Li. 
Sullivan,  Springfield.  111.:  treasurer.  Orson 
Smith.  112  West  Adams  street.  . 

Associated  Jewish  Charities  of  Chicago— Presi- 
dent. D.  E.  Bensing-er;  secretary,  M.  I  Berg-er. 

Bohemian  Charitable  Association- 2603  South 
Kedzie  avenue:  secretary,  Rev.  V.  Vanek. 

Chicago  Daily  News  Fresh-Air  Fund— Manager, 
William  A.  Strong:  Sanitarium.  Lincoln  park, 
foot  of  Fullerton  avenue. 

Elizabeth  McCormick  Memorial  Fund— Tower 
building  6  North  Michigan  avenue,  fifth 
floor:  director,  Mrs.  Ira  Couch  Wood.  . 

Federated  Orthodox  Jewish  Chanties— Presi- 
dent. James  Davis:  secretary.  Max  Shulman. 

Frances  Juvenile  Aid  Association— President. 
Mrs.  Anne  X.  Smith,  corresponding  secre- 
tary. Mrs.  Frederick  G.  Harris. 

Friendly  Aid  Society— President.  Mrs.  Edward 
Tilden:  corresponding  secretary.  Mrs.  Fred 

Germang  Society  of  Chicago— 217  100  North 
Wells  street:  manager.  F.  von  W-Wysow. 

Hune-arian  Charity  Society  of  Chicago— Presi- 
dent. Mnx  Sobel:  secretary.  Archie  A.  Weiss- 
berg.  32  South  Wells  street. 

Illinois  Children's  Home  and  Aid  Society- 
President.  R.  J.  Bennett:  secretary  and  su- 
perintendent, Wilfred  S.  Reynolds,  1816,  209 
South  State  street. 


CHARITY   ORGANIZATIONS   IN   CHICAGO. 


Illinois  Charitable  Relief  Corps— President.  Ed- 
ward Carey:  secretary.  Miss  Annie  O'Con- 
nor, 3763  Ellis  avenue. 

Infant  Welfare  Society  —  President,  Lucius 
Teter;  secretary.  George  L.  Emrich,  729.  104 
South  Michigan  avenue. 

Italian  Ladies'  Charitable  Association — Presi- 
dent. Mrs.  V.  Licci;  secretary.  Miss  Tillie 
Russo. 

Jewish  Aid  Society— 1800  Selden:  president, 
Alfred  C.  Meyer:  secretary,  Mrs.  R.  J.  Rosen- 
thai. 

Mothers'  Relief  Association— President.  Mrs.  D. 
Harry  Hammer:  corresponding  secretary.  Mrs. 
William  P.  MacCracken. 

Societe  Francaise  de  Secours  Mutuels— Presi- 
dent, A.  Campion:  secretary.  Charles  Le- 
roy.  1215  West  Congress  street. 

United  Charities  of  Chicago— President,  Charles 
W.  Folds:  secretary.  Charles  A.  Munroe:  of- 
fice, sixth  floor,  168  North  Michigan  avenue; 
superintendent,  Joel  D.  Hunter. 

Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Chicago— 830. 
304  Sonth  Michigan  avenue:  president.  Mrs. 
Joseph  M.  Cudahy;  secretary,  Mrs.  Robert  Mc- 
Gann:  superintendent.  Mips  Edna  L.  Foley. 

Woman's  Protective  A  s«oH  P  tion  —  President, 
Mrs.  Frederick  Dale  Wood:  corresponding 
secretary.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hoffman,  155  North 
Clark  street. 

Young  Men's  Jewish  Charities  —  President 
Hugo  Pam:  secretary.  Monte  H.  Sadler. 


ADVERTISEMENT.  -  967 


2840 
PHONE  HARRISON  -{ 

5557 


MENDELSON  BROS. 
PAPER  STOCK  CO. 


Paper  Mill  Supplies 


900  SOUTH  MICHIGAN  AVENUE 
CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


968 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOR   1920. 


Theaters—         AMUSEMENTS. 

(a)  Highest   admission  fee.   except 

for  box  seats,   $1  or  more $1,000.00 

(b)  Highest   admission   fee,   except 
for   box    seats,    exceeds    50c.    but 
is  less  than  $1 

(c)  Highest    admission   fee,    except 
lor   box    seats,    exceeds   30c,    but 
does  not  exceed  50c 

(d)  Hig-hest   admission   fee.    except 
for  box   seats,    exceeds    20c,    but 

does   not   exceed    30c 250.00 

(e)  Highest    admission    fee.    except 

for  box  seats,  does  not  exceed  20c      200.00 
Lectures,   art  exhibits,   etc 200.00 


LICENSE  RATES  IN  CHICAGO  NOV.  1,  1919. 

Per  year  unless  otherwise  specified. 


Rate. 


400.00 


300.00 


Concerts 


100.00 


Penny   arcades,    etc 200.00 

Halls  for  Dances.  Bazaars.   Etc. — 

(a)  Seating-  capacity  not  exceeding 

300  persons  25.00 

(b)  Seating     capacity     more     than 
300    persons,    but    not    exceeding 

500    persons 60.00 

(c)  Seating    capacity    more    than 
500    persons,    but    not    exceeding 

800    persons 75.00 

(d)  Seating  capacity  exceeding  800 
persons     100.00 

Summer  gardens,  per  week 20.00 

Amusement  parks,  per  week 40.00 

Picnic     grounds 10.00 

Roller  or  ice  skating  rinks 200.00 

Baseball,  Football.  Etc..  Fields— 

(a)  Seating    capacity    15,000    per- 
sons  or   more 1.000.00 

(b)  Seating     capacity      less     than 
15.000  persons,  but  not  less  than 
10.000    persons 700.00 

(c)  Seating      capacity      less      than 
10,000    persons,    but    more    than 

4.000     persons 300.00 

(d)  Seating  capacity  not  exceeding 

4.000  persons  75.00 

Wrestling  Matches — 

(a)    Seating    capacity    500    persons 

or  less,  per  day 6.00 

Ob)    Seating     capacity     more     than 

500   persons,  but  not  more  than 

1.000   persons,    per   day 10.00 

(c)  Seating     capacity     more     than 
1.000  persons,  but  not  more  than 

2.000  persons,  per  day 20.00 

(d)  Seating     capacity     more     than 
2,000  persons,  but  not  more  than 

3.000  persons,  per  day 30.00 

(e)  Seating     capacity     more     than 
3.000  persons,  but  not  more  than 

4,000    persons,    per   day 40.00 

(f)  Seating     capacity     more     than 
4,000  persons,  but  less  than  5.000 
persons,    per   day 50.00 

(g)  Seating  capacity  5,000  persons 

or  more,  per  day 60.00 

Poultry.     Horse,     Stock.     Dog.     Etc.. 
Shows — 

(a)  Highest  admission  fee  exceeds 

75c.    per    day 25.00 

(b)  Highest    admission   fee  exceeds 
50c,    but    does    not    exceed    75c. 

per    day 15.00 

(c)  Highest    admission   fee   exceeds 
lOc,  but  does  not  exceed  50c.  per 

day    10.00 

(d)  Highest  admission  fee  does  not 

exceed  lOc.   per  day 1.00 

Circuses,  Menageries,  Etc. — 

(a)  Seating  capacity  more  than  6.- 

000   persons,   per  day 150.00 

(b)  Seating    capacity    more     than 
3,000  persons,  but  not  more  than 

6.000  persons,  per  day 50.00 


(c)  Seating     capacity     more     than 
1.500  persons,  but  not  more  than 
3,000  persons,  per  day 

(d)  Seating     capacity     more     than 
750   persons,    but   not   more  than 
1.600  persons,  per  day 

(e)  Seating     capacity     more     than 
400   persons,   but   not   more   than 
750  persons,  per  day 

(f )  Seating  capacity  not  more  than 
400  persons,  per  month 

Airdromes,  sideshows,  etc..  per  day. 
Swimming  and  diving  shows,  per  week 
Platform,  walk-around,  etc.,  shows. 

per    week 

Skill    and    strength    testing    devices. 


Rate. 
$35.00 


25.00 


10.00 

10.00 

10.00 

2.00 

2.00 
.50 


per  week 
Merry-Go-Rounds.  Coasters.   Etc.— 

(a)  Highest  fee  or  fare  for  one  ride 

does  not  exceed  5c,   per  week....  2.00 

(b)  Highest  fee  or  fare  for  one  ride 
exceeds   5c.   but  does   not   exceed 

llOc.    per   week 5.00 

(c)  Highest  fee  or  fare  for  one  ride 
exceeds  lOc,  per  week 10.00 

Pony  or  animal  rides,  etc.,  per  week  .50 

Fireworks  exhibitions,    per  day 50.00 

Entertainments    not    included   in    the 

foregoing,    per  day 5.00 

Note— Where    a    license    fee    is    fixed    at    so 
much  per  week,  no  license  to  issue  for  a  less 
period  than  ten  weeks.     Annual  licenses  may 
be  issued  in  two  periods  of  six  months  each. 
General  license  covering  all  classes  of 
amusements      except     13th     (cir- 
cuses)   and   20th    (fireworks) 1.000.00 

MISCELLANEOUS. 
Acetylene  gas,  collection  or  compres- 
sion         $150.00 

Acetylene  gas,    sale   or  distribution..  6.00 

Amusement,    public    place    of    ("dry 

cabaret")  — 

Seating  capacity  300  persons  or  less  26.00 
Seating  capacity  301  to  500  persons  60.00 
Seating  capacity  501  to  800  persons  75.00 
Seating  capacity  more  than  800 

persons    100.00 

Auctioneers     300.00 

Auctioneers,  special  sales,  per  day...        0.0.00 
Automobiles,    public    passenger     (on 
stands)  — 

Seating  three  persons  or  less 2.50 

Seating   f9ur  to  eight  persons 5.00 

Seating  nine   to  twenty   persons 10.00 

Seating  more  than  twenty  persons..         26.00 
Automobiles,    public    passenger    (not 

on     stands 5.00 

Automobiles,  passenger   (wheel  tax)  — 

35    horsepower   or   less 10.00 

Over   35   horsepower .-..         20.00 

Automobile  delivery  wagons,  capacity 

less  than  one  ton    (wheel  tax)...         15.00 

Automobile  trucks    (wheel  tax) 30.00 

Automobiles,    demonstrating    or   test- 
ing vehicle   (wheel  tax),  each —  \        1.00 
•Automobiles    (state   fee)  — 

25  horsepower  and  less 8.00 

35   horsepower   and   more   than   25 

horsepower    12.00 

60   horsepower   and   more  than  35 

horsepower    20.00 

More  than  50  horsepower 25.00 

Electric  motor  vehicles 12.00 

Freight     motor     cars.     5,000     pound 

weight    12.00 

More    than    5.000    pounds   and   less 

than    12,000 22.00 

More  than   12,000   pounds  and  not 

more  than  15.000 35.00 

More  than  15.000  pounds 60.00 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


THE 

WESTERN  FOUNDRY 

COMPANY 
Light  Gray  Iron  Castings 


3634  SO.  KEDZIE  AVENUE 
CHICAGO 


TELEPHONE  McKINLEV  100. 


A.  T.  Willett  Company 


Established  1868 


Operating  300  Teams  and  Motor  Trucks 


"Chicago 's  Best  Delivery  Service ' 


970 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK   FOB   1920. 


Rate. 

Tractors  used  for  hauling  purposes..       825.00 
Manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in...         12.00 

Bakeries     6.00 

Bathing  beaches,    etc 15.00 

Billiard  and  pool  tables,  each 5.00 

Bill   posting,    with   wagons 100.00 

Bill  posting,  without  wagons 25.00 

Boats,    launches,    etc..    82,    810    and        25.00 

Bowling  alleys,  each 5.00 

Brewers    500.00 

Brokers    25.00 

Cabs,    public 1.00 

Carbonated  waters,  etc 20.00 

Cars,    elevated   railway,   each 50.00 

Cartridges  and   shells.   810   and 26.00 

Catch  basins  and  sewers,  cleaners  of, 

per   wagon 10.00 

Chauffeurs    (state  fee)— Original 5.00 

Chauffeurs   (state  fee) — Renewal 8.00 

Chauffeurs  (see  operators  of  public 
motor  vehicles) . 

Cigarette  dealers 100.00 

Coffee  houses— 

(a)   Seating  25  persons  or  less 25.00 

Cb)   Over  25  persons:  for  each  and 

every    seat 1.00 

Coupes,    public 1.00 

Deadly   weapons,   dealers   in 25.00 

Delicatessen    stores 5.00 

Distillers    500.00 

Dispensaries,     medical 20.00 

Drain   layers 6.00 

Drivers    of     public    passenger    horse 

drawn    vehicles 1.00 

Drug  stores 5.00 

Dry  cleaners- 
Tanks    of    550    gallon    or    less    ca- 
pacity,   each 5.00 

Tanks  of  551  to  1.065  gallon  ca- 
pacity, each 7.60 

Each    1.000    gallons    in    excess    of 

1.065  gallons 2.50 

Minimum  fee  of 25.00 

Electrical    contractor,     certificate    ol 

registration    (renewal   810.00)....         26.00 

Employment   agency    (state  fee) 50.00 

Engineers,     stationary 2.0( 

Explosives,  (gunpowder,  etc.).  sale  or 

use  of   25.00 

Filling  stations- 
Kerosene  only,  per  tank 3.00 

Tanks  or  containers  of   100  gallon 

or   less   capacity '5.00 

Tanks  or  containers  of  101  to  400 

gallon  capacity    15.00 

Tanks  or  containers  of  401  to  1.065 

gallon  capacity    25.00 

Tanks  or  containers  of  over  1,065 
gallon  capacity,  825.00  for  first 
1.065  gallons  and  825.00  for  each 
additional  1.065  gallons  or  frac- 
tional part. 

Portable   tanks 15.00 

Fireworks,    sale    of 10.00 

Fireworks,  permit  to  discharge 10.00 

Fishing  (state  fee)  — 
For  each  100  yards  of  seine  or  less 

(except  minnow  seines) 10.25 

For  each   dip    net «....  1.10 

For  each  hoop  net 1.10 

For  each  fyke  net 1.10 

For  each  basket  or  trap  net .60 

For  each  tteam  tug  used  in  operat- 
ing gill  or  pound  nets 26.26 

For   each   gasoline    launch   used  in 

operating  gill  or  pound  nets 16.25 

For  each  sailboat  or  rowboat  used 
in  operating  gill  or  pound  nets..  10.25 

Fish   market,    wholesale 26.00 

Fitness,   certificates   of    (for  handling 

high   explosives)     5.00 

Fitness,  certificates  of  (for  handling 
oils.  etc..  in  dry  cleaning  estab- 
lishments)    5.00 


Rate. 

Garages    825.00 

Hacks,    public 2.50 

Homes     1.00 

Hospitals     50.00 

House  movers,  raisers  and  shorers. . . .  50.00 

Hunting    (state    fee) 1.00 

Ice  cream  parlor: 

(a)  Seating  8  persons  or  less 25.00 

(b)  Seating  9  to  24  persons 50.00 

(c)  Seating  25  to  50  persons 100.00 

(d)  Seating  51  to  75  persons 150.00 

(e)  Seating  76  to  100  persons 200.00 

(f)  More   than   100   persons 500.00 

Ice  dealers,   retail,    per   wagon 10.00 

Junk   dealers,    retail 100.00 

Junk   dealers,    wholesale 100.00 

Junk  wagons,  each 10.00 

tLiquors.     malt,     wholesale     (one    to 

six   gallons) 50.00 

tLiquors,      malt,      wholesale      (more 

than  six  gallons  at   a  time) 500.00 

tLiquors.    spirituous,    wholesale 100.00 

tLiquors.  vinous,  wholesale 50.00 

tLiquors,  malt  and  vinous,  in  amuse- 
ment places    (by  special  permit). 

per   day 6.00 

Livery   stables 15.00 

Lumber  yards '. 100.00 

Marriage     (county) 1.50 

Mason  contractor    (renewal   825.00) .  50.00 

Meat  food  products  establishment —  20.00 

Milk   dealers 10.00 

Milk   peddlers,    per  wagon 10.00 

Motor    bicycles    and    motor    tricycles 

(wheel  tax) 3.00 

*Motor  bicycles    (state  fee) 4.00 

Moving  picture  films,   permit  for  ex- 
hibition of,   each 1.00 

Moving  picture  films,  storage  of: 
500  cubic  feet.   10  cents  per  foot; 

minimum 60.00 

Excess    of   500    cubic  feet,    7c  per 

cubic  ft. 

Moving   picture    operators    (original)  3.00 

Moving   picture    operators    (renewal)  2.00 

Moving  picture  operators   (assistant)  1.00 

Natatoriums   and    swimming   pools...  15.00 

Omnibuses,    public 6.00 

Operators    of    public   motor    vehicles 

(original)     2.00 

Operators    of    public   motor    vehicles 

(renewal)     1.00 

Pawnbrokers    500.00 

Peddlers— Basket     10.00 

Coal,    charcoal   and  coke 5.00 

Fish   (Thursdays  and  Fridays  only)  15.00 

Hand  oart    25.00 

Oil,    per    wagon 10.00 

Pack     15.00 

Wagon,    each 60.00 

Wood,   per  wagon 10.00 

Plumbers,   master   or  employing    (re- 
newal   810.00) 50.00 

Plumbers,    journeymen 1.00 

Public  cart,    automobile    ("express") 

each    -10.00 

Public  cart,  horse-drawn  ("express") 

each    1.00 

Public    passe.iger    horse-drawn    vehi- 
cles   (not  on   stands) 6.00 

Rendering   tanks,   each 20.00 

Restaurants     15.00 

Roofers,   wagon,   each ,.  10.00 

Sale   stable 25.00 

Saloon  or  dramshop 1,000.00 

Scavengers,    night 60.00 

Scavengers,  offal 100.00 

Scavengers,  private,  per  wagon 5.00 

Second-hand   dealers 50.00 

Shooting  galleries 25.00 

Slaughtering,   rendering,  etc 300.00 

Soan    factories    160.00 

Spotter    5.00 

Tanneries 50.00 


ADVERTISEMENTS.  971 


THE  ARNOLD  COMPANY 

ENGINEERS-  CONSTRUCTORS 

ELECTRICAL—  CIVIL -MECHANICAL 

105   SOUTH    LASALLE    STREET 

CHICAGO 

REPORTS 

Valuations  of  public  utilities  for  rate  cases  and  franchise 
negotiations.  Reports  and  estimates  on  engineering  projects. 

ENGINEERING 

Specifications  and  plans  for  complete  properties,  railroad 
shops,  industrial  plants,  irrigation  projects,  hydro-electric 
properties,  interurban  railway  systems. 

CONSTRUCTION 

Creation  of  complete  properties,  supplementing  report  and 
engineering  work  with  the  purchase  and  installation  of  all 
materials  and  equipment  necessary  for  the  construction  and 
preliminary  operation  of  the  finished  plant — all  under  one 
contract  agreement. 


Electric  Lighting  Specialties 
Industrial  Lighting  Equipment 
Panel  Boards  and  Cabinets 
Punch  Press  Safety  Devices 
Marine  Lighting  and  Signaling 

Apparatus 

Enameled  Steel  Specialties  Benjamin  Two- Way 

Benjamin  Reflectors  for  correct        Metal  Stampings  and  Drawn  Work       Plug— makes  two 
Industrial  Lighting  Industrial  Signals  sockets  out  of  one 

BENJAMIN  ELECTRIC  MFG.  Co. 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO 

ALBAUGH -DOVER  CO. 

2100   Marshall   Blvd.,   Chicago.  Phone   Rockwell   6800 

Manufacturers  of 

BUTTERFLY   Cream  Separators 
BUTTERFLY     Electric     Washers 

SPUR  —  SPIRAL  —  HELICAL— BEVEL— MITRE— 
INTERNAL— WORM  OR  WORM  WHEELS. 


972 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Rate. 

Taxidermist    (state)    $5.00 

Tenders,  boiler  or  water 1.00 

Ticker     1.00 

Trapping    (state)    1.00 

Undertakers    10.00 

Undertakers'   assistant    (permit) 5.00 

Vehicles,   horse-drawn    (wheel   tax)  — 

One  horse 5.00 

Two   horse 10.00 

Three    horse 15.00 

Pour     horse 25.00 

Six  (or  more)  horse 35.00 


Rate. 

Weighers,   public    $10.00 

Window  cleaner 50.00 

Workshops    2.00 

Note— Further  information  relative  to  licenses 
may  be  obtained  by  addressing1  James  T.  Igoe. 
city  clerk,  room  107-8  city  hall,  phone  main 

•Automobile  and  motor  bicycl*  fees  (state) 
as  above  noted  are  for  the  calendar  year  1920. 

tLiquor  licenses  in  force  before  prohibition 
amendment  .became  effective. 


THE   SANITARY   DISTRICT  OF   CHICAGO. 


Offices— iRoom  700,  910  S.  Michigan  avenue. 

President— Charles  H.  Sergei. 

Clerk — Lawrence  F.  King. 

Treasurer — George   M.    .Reynolds. 

Chief   Engineer— George  M.   Wisner. 

Electrical  Engineer— G.   S.  Brack. 

Attorney— C.  Arch  Williams. 

Board    of    Trustees— Terms    expire    in    1920: 

Wallace  G.  Clark,  R.;  George  W.  Paullin.  R.; 

Patrick  J.  Carr.  D.     Terms  expire  in  1922 

Charles  H.  Sergei.  R.;  James  H.  Lawley,  R.; 

Matthias    A.    Mueller.    R.      Terms    expire   in 

1924:  William  J.  Healy.  R.:  Willis  O.  Nance. 

R.:   Harry  E.  Littler.  R. 
Salaries— President.    $7,500:    trustees,    $5.000: 

chief   engineer,    $11.000;   electrical  engineer, 

$6,000;  attorney.  $10.000. 

CHRONOLOGY. 

First  investigation  made  in  1885. 
Sanitary  bill  signed  May  29.  1889. 
Sanitary   district   organized  Jan.   18,   1890. 
Earth    broken    ("shovel   day")    Sept.   3,    1892. 
Lake  water  turned  into  canal  Jan.  2.  1900. 
Formal  opening  of  canal  Jan.  17.   1900. 

DIMENSIONS  OF  CANALS. 
Length    of    main    and    power    channel,    39.16 

Length*  of  river,  lake  to  Robey  street.  6  miles. 
Length  of  river  diversion  channel,  13  miles. 
Width  main  channel,  Robey  street  to  Summit: 

Bottom.   160  feet;  top,  198. 
Width     main     channel.      Summit     to     Willow 

Springs:   Bottom,   202   feet;   top,   225. 
Width  main  channel.  Willow  Springs  to  Lock- 
port    (rock  section):  Bottom,  160  feet;  top. 

162. 
Width   river   diversion    channel:    Bottom,    200 

fept 
Minimum  depth  of  water  in  main  channel,  22 

feet. 

Current  in  earth  sections.  1%  miles  per  hour. 
Current  in  rock  sections,  1.9  miles  per  hour. 
Present  capacity  of  canal.  600.000  cubic  feet 

per  minute. 
Total  amount  of  excavation,  44,005,647  cubic 

yards. 


The  north  shore  channel,  extending1  Irom 
Lawrence  avenue  to  Lake  Michigan,  in  the 
village  of  Wiliuette,  is  aoout  H  nuies  long  with 
a  water  depth  of  13.6  feet. 

The  construction  of  the  Calumet-Sag  canal 
to  take  care  of  the  Calumet  region  sewage 
was  begun  in  the  summer  of  lull.  When 
completed  it  will  be  lt>  miles  long.  Its  esti- 
mated cost  is  $14.000.000. 

REVENUES  AND  EXPENDITURES. 
From  Organization  to  Dec.  31.  1918. 

Revenues. 

Taxation    

Bonds  outstanding 

Anticipation    tax   warrants 

outstanding   

Interest  on  loans  

Interest   on  bank  balance 

Interest  on  deferred  payments. 

Land  revenue 

Water  service   

From  electrical  department.... 

Working    capital    

Replacement  funds  

Interest  on  investment  

Interest    on    loans 

Interest  during  construction. 

Profits   transferred   

Earnings  invested  in  plants. . 
Miscellaneous   


Expenditures. 

Interest  

Electrical  department  

Capital  investment  

Interest  on  replacement  funds 
Right  pf  way.  construction, 

operation,  etc 

.Administration  and  general.... 

Emergency  funds  

Due  from  city  of  Chicago 

Others  

Cash  on  Dec.  31,  1918 


$80.563,456.12 
14.875.000.00 

3,000.000.00 
515.530.18 
616.334.83 
133.131.34 
942.690.91 
118.012.69 

4.930,950.13 
279,849  69 

1.214.962.84 

1.512.443.89 
5,072.38 
282,291.49 
602.298.47 

1.034.031.37 
11.495.19 

105.706,600.39 

16.767.308.09 

4.628.702.99 

4.448.710.49 

179.992.50 

70.504.644.51 

7.366.963.44 

20.000.00 

5,030.052.19 

235,099.43 

1.153.829.74 

105.706,600.39 


CHICAGO  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS. 


IMPORTS    BY    FISCAL 

YEARS. 

Year 
1910. 
1911. 
19.12. 
1913. 
1914. 

Value. 
..    $28.281.331 
..       28.089.068 
..       30.278.600 
..       33.284,156 
..       35.195.487 

Year 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919. 

Value. 
..  $27.140.369 
.      26.944.230 
..     30,144.080 
..      33.208.375 
..     38.500,647 

EXPORTS    BY 

LAKE 

(1918). 

Value   of  domestic  merchandise  exported  di- 
rectly   from    the    port    of    Chicago    during    the 
calendar  year  1918: 

Coun 
Canada 
Oats 
Rye 
Whea 

tries  and  articles 
—  Breadstuffs.     c< 

)rn  

Values. 
$1,588.105 

18  158  383 

329  910 

t  .. 

...42.269.930 

Countries  and  articles.  Values. 

Vegetable  fiber,  mf  rs.  of— Burlap  bag  $27  900 

Binder  twine  2.886.930 

Fruits— Apricots,  dried  2.513 

Peaches,  dried  653 

Prunes,  dried  663 

Raisins  5,531 

Oils— Fuel  oil   729,587 


Total  Canada  65,999.460 

France — Army  supplies  2,307,175 

Vegetable     fiber,     mf  rs.     of, 

Cordage  22,385 

Meat  products— Canned  beef 2,603.854 


Total  France    4,933,414 

Grand  total  70,932.864 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


973 


Established    1844 
Incorporated    1904 


Long   Distance  Phone  Randolph  3421 
Private  Exchange  to  All  Departments 


SHARP  &  SMITH 

W.   N.   Sharp,   Pres. 

MAKERS  AND  EXPORTERS  OF 

Surgical  and 

Veterinary 

Instruments 
Hospital  and 

Invalid  Supplies 

Elastic   Stockings   and   Supporters,   Artificial    Limbs,   Trusses,    Deformity  Apparatus, 
Optical    and    Electrica^   Goods,    Manicure    and    Pedicure    Instruments. 

65  E.  Lake  Street 

Between  Wabash  Ave.  and  Michigan  Blvd.,  Chicago,  111. 


BEAUTIFUL  ELECTRIC  LAMPS 

in  Qreat  Variety 

Newest  Creations  in 
Lamps  for  every  pur- 
pose and  every  purse 
are  shown  in  our  spa- 
cious display  rooms. 

Piano  Lamps 

Library,  Table  and  Bou- 
doir Lamps,  Silk  Shades 
in  endless  variety. 
Everything  Electrical 
always  on  display  at 

COMMONWEALTH    EDISON    COMPANY 
ELECTRIC  SHOPS 

72  WEST  ADAMS  STREET 

448N.ParksideAye.     4523  Broadway      3127  Logan  Blvd.      9163  South  Chicago' Ave, 
All  Phones  Randolph  1280 — Federal  Coupons  Given  Free  With  All  Purchases 


974  ADVERTISEMENT. 


SOME  REASONS 

WHY  YOU  SHOULD 

REGISTER  YOUR  PROPERTY 

UNDER  THE 

TORRENS  SYSTEM 

By  JOSEPH  F.  HAAS,  Registrar  of  Titles  of  Cook  County 

What  is  the  Torrens  System  in  Cook  County?  It  is 

a  system  of  registering  the  title  of  land,  with  a  guar- 
antee by  the  people  of  Cook  County  that  the  title  as 
registered  is  correct. 

It  is  the  modern,  up=to=date  method  of  holding  and 
transferring  title  to  real  estate. 

BECAUSE 

1.  Cook  County  guarantees  each  Torrens  title  with  three 
billion  dollars  af  taxable  assets. 

2.  The  Indemnity  Fund  of  over  fifty  thousand  dollars  in- 
sures the  immediate  cash  payment  of  any  damages  sustained. 

3. .  Protection  is  given  owners  against  judgments  rendered 
against  people  of  the  same  or  similar  name. 

4.  Special  protection  is  afforded  against  tax  sales  and  tax 
deeds. 

5.  Owners  are  protected  against  fraudulent  signatures  on 
deeds  or  other  instruments. 

6.  Adverse  possession  does  not  run  against  land  registered 
under  the  Torrens  System. 

7.  A  Torrens  Certificate  of  Title  is  conclusive  evidence  of 
good  and  valid  title. 

8.  Defects  in  title  are  wiped  out  forever  by  initial  regis- 
tration. 

9.  Transfers  may  be  made  in  one-third  the  time  required 
under  other  systems. 

10.  The  transfer  fee  is  only  $3.00  no  matter  what  the  value 
,may  be  of  the  property  transferred. 

11.  The  Circuit  Court  of  Cook  County  retains  a  continuing 
jurisdiction  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  title  to  Torrens 
property. 

12.  No   statute  of  limitations   runs   against  the  guarantee 
of  a  Torrens  Certificate. 


ADVERTISEMENT.  975 


Cook  County  Guarantees 

REAL  ESTATE  OWNERS 

LAWYERS,   BROKERS 

AND   LAYMEN 

PROMPT    AND    EFFICIENT    SERVICE 
BY  THE  OFFICE  OF  THE 

RECORDER  OF  DEEDS 


TORRENS  LAND  CERTIFICATES 

Absolutely  guarantee  title  to  land  when  registered. 
Under  this  system,  transfers  and  loans  can  be  closed 
without  cost  to  the  seller  within  forty-eight  hours. 

THE  COUNTY  ABSTRACT  PLANT 

Furnishes  merchantable  abstracts  of  title  40%  cheaper 
than  prices  charged  by  abstract  companies. 

PETER  REINBERG,  JOSEPH  F.  HAAS, 

President  Cook  County  Board.  Recorder  of  Deeds. 


976 


ALMANAC   AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


CHICAGO    STREET   NUMBERING   GUIDE. 

Numbers  on  the  north  and  south  streets  where 
they   are   Intersected   by  the   principal  east   and 

2000    Jeffery-av. 
8100    Oahokla-av. 

ffif  SSL* 

west  streets  and  numbers  on  the  east  and  west 

2200    Paxton-av. 

1600    Ashiand-bd. 

streets  where  they  are  intersected  by   the  prin- 

300   Crandon-av. 

1700    Paulina. 

cipal   north   and   south   streets    are    given    here- 
with.    Numbered   streets    are   omitted,    as   their 

4uO    Yates-av. 
2500    Essex-av. 

1734    Hermltage-av. 
1800    Wood. 

location  is  indicated  by  their  names. 

2600    Colfax-av. 

1835    Honore. 

North  from  Madison.     6000    Peterson-av. 

2700    Marquette-av. 

1900    Lincoln. 

1    Madison. 

6100    JNorwood-av. 

1800    Burnham-av. 

1935    Winchester-ay. 

100    Washington. 

6200    Granville-av. 

;y<JO    Escanaba-av. 

2000    Robey. 

160    Randolph. 

6300    Rosemont-av. 

000    Commercial-ay. 

2035    Seeley-av. 

200    Lake. 

6400    Devon-av. 

3100    Baltimore-av. 

2100    Hoyne-av. 

800   South   Water. 

6700    North  Shore-av. 

3200    Brandon-av. 

2200    Leavitt. 

400    Kiuzie. 

6800    Pratt-av. 

3300    Buffalo-ay. 

2300    Oakley-bd. 

430   Austin-ay. 

6900    Farwell-av. 

8400    Green  Bay-av. 

2400    Western-av. 

600    Illinois. 

6944    Morse-av. 

W£8t   ffOTTl   St&tC, 

2500    Campbell-ay. 

530    Grand-ay. 
•00    Ohio. 
MO    Ontario. 

7000    Lunt-av. 
7100    Estes-av. 
7200    Keuilworth-av. 

I    State. 
50    Dearborn-st. 

2600    Rockwell. 
2700    Washtenaw-av. 
2800    Califomia-av. 

C60    Erie. 

7300    Chase-av. 

100    Clark. 

2900    Francisco-av. 

TOO    Huron. 

7400    Juniata-Bt. 

150    LaSalle. 

3000    Sacramento-av. 

780    Superior. 

7500    Birch  wood-av. 

200    Wells. 

3100    Albany-av. 

800    Chicago-ay. 

7548    Howard. 

800    Franklin. 

3200    Kedzle-av. 

848    Chestnut. 

887    Brenan-st. 

840    Walton-pi. 
1000    Oak. 

7548    City  limits. 
South,  from  Maditon. 
1    Madison. 
100    Monroe. 

800    'Franklin. 
340    'Orleans. 
360    Market. 
400    'Sedgwick. 
412    The  river. 

3300    Spaulding-av. 
3356    Homan-av. 
3501    St.  Louis-av. 
3553    Central  Park-ay. 
3800    Hamlin-av. 

noo   Maple. 

200    Adams. 

434    'Townsend. 

$900    Sprlngfleld-tv. 

1149    Elm. 
1200    Division. 
1800    Goethe. 

232    Quincy. 
300    Jackson-bd. 
400    Van  Boreo. 

460    'Milton-ay. 
500    Canal. 
530    'Larrabee. 

4000    Crawfurd-av. 
4100    Karlov-av. 
4200    Keeler-av. 

1400    Schiller. 
1600    Burton-pi. 
1636    Germania-pl. 

500    Congress. 
600    Harrison. 
700    East  7th. 

640    Clinton. 
600    Jefferson. 
640    Desplaines. 

4300    Klldare-av. 
4400    Kostner-av. 
4500    Kilbourn-av. 

1COO    North-ay. 

800    Polk. 

700    Union. 

4600    Kenton-av 

1TOO    Eugenie. 
1800    Menomonee. 

900    East  9th. 
1000    Taylor. 

700    'Orchard. 
800    Halsted. 

4700    Kilpatrick-aT. 
4800    Cicero-av. 

1900    Wisconsin. 

1100    East  llth. 

839    Green. 

4900    Lamon-av. 

SOOO    Center. 

1^00    Roosevelt-rd. 

900    Peoria. 

5000    Lavergne-ay. 

8100    Garneld-av. 

East  from  State. 

932    Sangamon. 

5100    Leclaire-av. 

noo    Webster-ay. 

(North  of  river.) 

1000    Morgan. 

5200    Laramie-av. 

8800    Belden-av. 

1    State. 

1000    'Sheffield-av. 

5234    Latrobe-av. 

1400    Fullerton-pky. 

40    Cass. 

1032    Carpenter. 

5300    Lockwood-av. 

2460    Arlington-pi.   . 
X473    Roslyn-pl. 
S601    St.  James-pi. 

100    Rush. 
112   To-wer-ct. 
140    Lincoln  Park-bd. 

1034    'Osgood. 
1100    Curtis. 
1100    'Seminary-ay. 

5334    Lorel-av. 
5400    Long-av. 
5440    Lotus-av. 

2630    Deming-pl. 

201    tit.  Clair. 

1111    Aberdeen. 

5500    Pine-av. 

8600    Wrightwood-av. 

300    Fairbanks-ct. 

1132    May. 

5600    Central-av. 

2701    Sherman-pi. 

326    'Lake  Shore  drive. 

1134    'Clifton-ay. 

5644    Parkside-av. 

2800    Diversey-pky. 

'At  Chicago-av. 

1164    Ann. 

5700    Waller-av. 

2901    York-pi. 
2932    Oakdale-av. 
8000    Wellington-ay. 
8100    Barry-av.. 
3200    Belmont-ay. 
8800    School. 

East  from  State. 
(South  of  river.) 
1    State. 
46    Wabash. 
100    Michigan-ay. 

1200    Raclne-av. 
1248    Elizabeth. 
1300    Throop. 
1400    'Southport-av. 
1401    Loomis. 
1408    Sheldon. 

5800    Menard-av. 
6900    Mayfield-av. 
5938    Mason-av. 
5968    N.  Austin-av. 

•North  side  only. 

3400    lloscoe 

200    ludiana-av. 

3600    Cornelia. 
3538    Eddy. 

300    Prairie-av. 
344    Calumet-av. 

HOUSE   NUMBER    SYSTEM    IN   CHICAGO. 

3iOO    Addlson 

400    South  Park-ay. 

The   present  house  number  system   In   Chicago 

8700    Waveland. 
8800    Grace. 

435    Vernon-av. 
500    Vincenues-av. 

was  established  by  an  ordinance  passed  June  22. 
1908.  and  effective  Sept.  1.  1909.     This  applied  to 

3900    Bvron 

633    Rhodes-av. 

all  streets  except  those  between  the  river.   12th 

4000    Irving'  Park-bd. 
4100    Belle  Plaine-av. 
4200    Berteau-av. 

600    St.  Lawrence-av. 
634    Champlain-av. 
700    Langley-av. 
734    Evaus-av. 

street    and    the   lake.     Sept.    20.    1910.    the    city 
council   passed   an   amendment  to  the  ordinance 
making    It    applicable    to    the    entire   city.      The 
change  in  the  business  district  went  into  effect 

4400    Montroee-av. 
4500    Sunnyside-av. 
4600    Wilson-av. 
4700    Leland-av. 
4800    Lawrence-av. 
4900    Ainslie 

834    Maryland-av. 
900    Drexel-av. 
934    Ingleslde-av. 
1000    Ellis-av. 
1100    Greenwood-ay. 
1152    Woodlawn-av. 

April  1.    1911.     The   system   Is   laid   oat  on  two 
base   lines,    State    street   dividing   the   east   and 
west  streets   and   Madison  street  the  north   and 
south    streets.      Numbers    are    assigned    on    the 
basis  of  800  to  the  mile  or  100  to  the  prevailing 
block  of  660  feet  or  one-eighth  of  a  mile. 

6000    Argyle.' 
6100    Carmen-ay. 

1300    Klmbark-av. 
1334    Kenwood-av. 

CHICAGO    WARDS   AND   ALDERMEN. 

6200    Foster-ay. 

1400    Dorchester-av. 

Number  of.  since  1837. 

6300    Berwyn-av. 

1434    Dante-av. 

Alder- 

Alder. 

6400    Balmoral-av. 
6600    Cntalpa-av. 
6«00    Bryn  Mawr-av. 

1500    Blackstone-av. 
1600    Stony  Island-ay. 
1831    Cornell-av. 

Year.      Wards,  men. 
1837-1838.     .   6         10 
1839-1846.     .   6         12 

Year.      Wards,  men. 
1869-1875....  20        40 
1876*-1888...18         3d 

6700    Hollywood-av. 

1700    East  End-ay. 

1847-1856.     .   9         18 

1888-1889....  24         48 

6730    Edgewater-av. 
5800    Victoria. 
6900    Thorndale-av. 
6938    Ridge-av.(at  Clark) 

1735    Ridgeland-av. 
1800    Cregier-av. 
1900    Bald  win  -ay. 
1934    Buclld-AV. 

1857-1862.     .10         20     1889-1901.  ..  .34         O8 
1863-1869.     .16        32  1901-1919....  35        70 
•Under  the  general  incorporation  act  of  187B 
Chicago  was  divided  into  eighteen  wards. 

ADVERTISEMENT. 


977 


A  Remarkable 

Record* 


IN  recognition  of  the  results  obtained  from 
safety  measures  in  practice  on  the  Chicago  Elevated 
Railroads,  the  American  Museum  of  Safety  in  1916  awarded 
"Honorable  Mention"  to  the  Chicago  Elevated  Railroads  in  the  Brady 
Medal  contest  among  electric  railroads. 

Eleven  years  without  one 
fatal  accident 

One  billion  nine  hundred  millions  of  passen- 
gers— equivalent  nearly  to  the  population  of  the  world 
— have  been  carried  by  the  Chicago  Elevated  Railroads  during 
eleven  years  without  a  single  fatal  accident  while  on  their  trains. 

Safety  first,  last  and  always  is  the  constant 
watchword  of  the  Elevated  management.  Civic  pride 
alone,  aside  from  individual  interest,  should  induce  Elevated 
patrons  to  co-operate  in  the  elimination  and  prevention  even  of  minor 
accidents. 


SAFETY 


SERVICE 


SPEED 


COURTESY 


978 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


WHERE  TO  GO  AND  WHAT  TO  SEE  AND 
HOW  TO  GET  THERE  ON  THE  ELEVATED 


NORTH  WESTERN  Evanston. 
UNIVERSITY  See  the 

great  gymnasium  and  nevy 
dormitory  system.  Take  Evans- 
ton  trains  on  Northwestern 
Elevated,  get  off  at  Davis 
Street  Station  and  walk  east 
about  one-half  mile. 
UNIVERSITY  58th  Street  and 
OF  CHICAGO  Ellis  Avenue. 
Take  Jackson  Park  Trains  on 
South  Side  Elevated,  get  off 
at  University  Station  and 
walk  one-fourth  mile  north. 
UNION  STOCK  The  largest 
YARDS  packing  cen- 

ter in  the  United  States. 
Obtain  a  grand  bird's-eye  view 
of  the  Yards  from  the  elevated 
trains.  Take  South  Side  Ele- 
vated Trains  to  Indiana  Av- 
enue Station  and  transfer  to 
Stock  Yards  Trains.  The  large 
packing  houses  furnish  guides 
to  conduct  visitors  through  the 
packing  plants. 

City  Parks 

GRANT  205  acres.  Logan 
PARK  Monument,  Art  In- 
stitute, Spirits  of  the  Great 
Lakes  Fountain.  Directions: 
Take  Metropolitan,  Chicago  & 
Oak  Park  or  South  Side  Ele- 
vated to  Adams  and  Wabash 
(Loop)  and  walk  one  block 
east,  or  Northwestern  Ele- 
vated to  State,  Dearborn  and 
Van  Buren  (Loop")  and  walk 
two  blocks  east.  This  park 
is  reached  by  all  elevated 
lines* 

JACKSON  543  acres.  Site  of 
PARK  World's  Fair.  Field 
Museum  of  Natural  History, 
Rose  Gardens,  the  Convent  of 
La  Rabida,  golf  courses  and 
yacht  harbor.  Jackson  Park 
Station.  South  Side  Elevated 
Jackson  Park  Trains. 
WASHINGTON  371  acres. 
PARK  .  Largest  ath- 

letic field  in  the  world.  Twelve 
baseball  diamonds,  free  ex- 
hibition games,  beautiful  walks 
and  drives.  Station,  51st  or 
55th  street.  South  Side, 
Jackson  Park  or  Englewood 
Trains.  Walk  one  and  one- 
half  blocks  east. 
GARFIELD  188  acres.  Largest 
PARK  conservatory  in 

the  world.  Beautiful  landscape 
gardening.  Golf,  tennis  and 
boating.  Station,  Garfleld 
Park.  Metropolitan  Garfield 
Park  Trains  or  Chicago  & 
Oak  Park  Trains. 

UNION  18  acres.  Lawn  ten- 
PARK  nis  and  wading  la- 
goon. Ashland  Station.  Chi- 
cago &  Oak  Park  Trains. 


HUMBOLDT  206  acres.  The 
PARK  most  perfect 

rose  garden  in  the  United 
States ;  famous  statues  of 
heroes,  statesmen  and  war- 
riors ;  fish  hatching.  Hum- 
boldt  Station.  Metropolitan 
Humboldt  Park  Trains. 
DOUGLAS  Immense  floral 
PARK  garden ;  pictur- 

esque water  court ;  park  of 
open  spaces.  Douglas  Park 
Station.  Metropolitan  Doug- 
las Park  Trains. 
LINCOLN  517  acres.  Zoo  with 
PARK  1,800  animals  ;boat- 
ing;  bathing;  Academy  of 
Sciences  and  yacht  harbor. 
Sedgwick  Station.  Northwest- 
ern. Ravenswood  or  Wilson 
Local  Trains.  Direction:  five 
blocks  east. 

OGDEN  61  acres.  Recreation 
PARK  buildings,  assembly 
hall,  clubhouse,  outdoor  gym- 
nasium, swimming  pool  and 
athletic  field.  Racine  Aye. 
Station.  Englewood  Trains 
South  Side  Elevated. 

Public  Buildings 
FIELD  MUSEUM  OF 
NATURAL  Location,  Jack- 
HISTORY  son  Park.  $6.000.- 
000  collection  divided  into  four 
departments:  Anthropology, 
Botany,  Geology  and  Zoology. 
Main  building  covers  nine 
acres.  Open  daily,  free  Sat- 
urdays and  Sundays.  Jackson 
Park  Station.  Jackson  Park 
Branch,  South  Side  Elevated. 
ART  Michigan  Boule- 

INSTITU TE  vard  and  Adams 
Street.  Among  the  first  three 
or  four  art  institutes  in  the 
country.  Adams  and  Wabash 
(Loop).  Metropolitan,  South 
Side  and  Oak  Park  Trains; 
walk  one  block  east.  North- 
western Trains  to  State-Dear- 
born Station  and  transfer  to 
Loop  Local.  Open  free  Wednes- 
days, Saturdays  and  Sundays. 
CITY  HALL  AND  Clark  and 
COUNTY  BLDG.  Randolph 
Streets.  Clark  and  Lake 
(Loop).  All  Metropolitan, 
South  Side  and  Oak  Park 
Trains.  All  Northwestern 
Trains  to  Randolph  and  Fifth 
Avenue  and  transfer  to  Loop 
Local.  Walk  one  block  south. 
POST  OFFICE  AND 
FEDERAL  Clark,  Adams, 
BUILDING  Dearborn  Streets 
and  Jackson  Blvd.  -All  Metro- 
politan, Northwestern  and  Oak 
Park  Trains  to  State  and 
Dearborn  (Loop)  :  walk  one 
block  north.  South  Side 
Trains  to  Adams  and  Wabash 
(Loop)  and  walfc  two  blocks 
west. 


MUNICIPAL  MUSEUM 
AND  CHICAGO  Randolph 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY  S  t  r  eet 

and  Michigan  Boulevard.  Ran- 
dolph and  Wabash  Station  on 
the  Loop.  All  "L"  Trains. 
One  block  east. 
BOARD  OF  Jackson  Boule- 
TRADE  vard  and  LaSalle 
Street.  LaSalle  and  Van 
Buren  Station  on  the  Loop. 
All  "L"  Trains.  One  block 
north. 

Amusement  Parks 
WHITE  63d  Street  and  South 
CITY         Park  Avenue.    South 
Park     Station.       South     Side 
Jackson  Park  Trains. 
FOREST     Harrison     Street 
PARK         and     Des     Plaines 
Avenue.     Des  Plaines  Avenue 
Station.    Metropolitan  Garfield 
Park    Trains. 

RAVIN  I A  Ravinia.  North- 
PARK  western  Evanston 
Train  to  Central  Street  Sta- 
tion. North  Shore  Line  direct 
to  Ravinia  Park. 

Baseball  Parks 
WHITE  SOX  35th  Street  and 
PARK  Shields  Avenue. 

35th  Street  Station.  South 
Side  Trains.  Five  blocks  west. 
CUBS  Addison  and  Clark 
PARK  Streets.  Addison  Sta- 
tion. Northwestern  Trains. 
One  block  west. 

Bathing  Beaches 
CLARENDON  MU=     Claren- 
NICIPAL     BEACH    don  and 

Sunnyside  Avenues.  Wilson 
Avenue  Station.  Northwestern 
Evanston  or  Wilson  Trains. 
Four  blocks  east,  one  block 
south.  Largest  and  finest 
beach  in  Chicago. 
WILSON  Wilson  Avenue  and 
BEACH  Lake.  Wilson  Av- 
enue Station.  Northwestern 
Evanston  or  Wilson  Trains. 
Four  blocks  east.  / 

JACKSON  PARK  MUNIC- 
IPAL 60th  Street  and 
BEACH  Lake.  Jackson  Park 
Station.  South  Side  Jackson 
Park  Trains.  Three  blocks 
north  and  east  to  Lake. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


979 


All  Electric 
All  the  Way 


from  Chicago 
to  Milwaukee 


QUICK,  clean,  dependable  service 
and  a  delightfully  enjoyable  trip 
with  beautiful  scenery  and  scores  of 
notable  points  of  interest  all  along 
the  route — that's  what  it  rneans  to 
travel  via  this  North  Shore  line. 


A  train  every  hour — 
on  the  hour — 

from  Adams  and 
Wabash  ave. 


This  Map  Shows  Only  a  Few  of 
the  Many  Points  of  Interest 

Dining  car  service  at  reasonable 
prices 

CHICAGO  NORTH  SHORE 
&  MILWAUKEE  R.  R. 

66  West  Adams  Street 
Phone  Central  3280 


,i 

EG  AN 

//IPIH/I'mili 
NORTH  CHI 

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NAVALSTATION 

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UAKE.BLU 

| 

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ERIDAN 


980 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


FOREIGN    ORDERS    CONFERRED    ON    CHICAGOANS. 


Abrahamson,    Rev.    L.     G.—  Royal    North     Star. 

Sweden. 
Adams.  Mil  ward—  Legion  of  Honor,  France;  Leo- 

pold,  Belgium;   Crown,    Italy;   White  Elephant 

(officer).  Slam;  Savior  (officer),  Greece;   Mcham 

Iftikhar    (commander),    Tunis;    Merit    Agricole 

(commander)  ,   Portugal. 
Andreen.   Rev.  Gustav—  Royal   North  Star.   Swe- 

den. 

Antonsen,   Carl—  Dannebrog  (knight),   Denmark. 
Barasa.    Bernard   P.  —  Crown    (chevalier),  Italy. 
Biankini,   Anton—  St.   Sava.   Jugo   Slavia. 
Birkhoff,     George.     Jr.—  Orange-Nassau     (officer), 

Holland. 

Bjorn.    Emil—  St.    Olaf,    Norway. 
Burry,    William  —  Legion   of  Honor,    France. 
Burton.    Le    Grand   S.—  Legion  of   Honor   (cheva- 

lier).   France. 
Chatfield-Taylor.    Hobart    C.—  Isabella    the    Cath- 

olic.  Spain;    Garter,   Spain;   St.   James,   Portu- 

gal;    Legion     of     Honor,     France:     Crown     of 

Italy    and    Knighthood    of    SS.     Maurice    and 

Lazarus.    Italy. 

Cooley,  Edwin  G.—  Francis  Joseph.  Austria. 
Cuueo,    Frank-  Crown    (chevalier),    Italy. 
Cutting.    Starr   W.—  Crown    (class   III.).    Prussia. 
Dan,  Rev.  Adam—  Dannebrog  (knight),  Denmark. 
Daae,   Dr.   A.—  St.   Olaf,    Norway. 
Dawes.   Charles   G.—  Legion   of   Honor    (cheva- 

lier). France;  Order  of  Leopold,  Belgium 


Deeriag.     Charles—  Legion     of 
Crown  (class  III.).  Prussia. 


Honor.     France; 


Dtsvries.  Herman—  Officer  of  Academy  and  Officer 

of  Public  Instruction.  France;  Nlcham  Iftikhar 

(officer).    Tunis. 

D'Urso.   Luigi—  Crown  (chevalier).   Italy. 
Eddy.  Arthur  J.—  Red  Eagle  (class  III.).  Prussia. 
Erlcson.  John  E.—  Royal  Order  of  Vasa.  Sweden. 
Fischer.     Gustave    F.—  Red    Eagle     (class    IV.). 

Prussia. 

Forgan,  James  B.  —  Order  of  St.  Sava.  Serbia. 
Frantzen.    Fritz  —  Dannebrog    (knight).    Denmark. 
Furber,   Harry  J.—  Legion  of  Honor.  France. 
Guenrel,   Louis—  Crown    (class   IV.),    Prussia. 
Gass,   Martin  —  Lion  of  Zaeringen.  Baden. 
Grevstad,    Nicolay—  St.    Olaf,    Norway. 
Bachmeister.     Henry—  Red     Eagle     (class     IT.). 

Prussia. 

Halle.    Edward    G.—  Crown    (class    II.),    Prussia. 
Hanson,  Christian  H.—  Dannebrog  (knight).  Den- 

mark. 
Henius,   Dr.  Max  —  Dannebrog  (commander).  Den- 

mark. 
Henrotin,     Mrs.     Ellen     M.—  Leopold,     Belgium; 

Palmes  Academiques,   France;   Officer  of  Public 

Instruction,    France;   Chefakat    (Order  of   Mer- 

cy).   Turkey. 

Hertz.    Henry—  Dannebrog   (knight).   Denmark. 
Henschen,  Henry  S.—  Royal  Order  of  Vasa.  Swe- 

den. 

Hurley.  E.   N.—  Order  of  Chioho.   China. 
Hutchinson.    Charles    L.—  Redeemer.    Greece. 


Judson  .prof.     Harry    Pratt-Red    Eagle    (class 
'  IrU8Sl<:  Leei<°Honor  (offieer>-  *«£*• 


^ 
der 


-  • 

Verdienst    Kreu» 
"Militaer   Kreuz"    and    "Ju 

Austria:  Takova  Orden 


f  '  Camill° 


Eagle  (class  IV.). 


gozminskl  i      M  .    W.-Legion    of    Honor.    France. 
Kraus.    Adolf—  Francis  Joseph.   Austria 
Lagorio.    Dr.    Antonio—  Crown    (knight)'   Italy 
Lewis.   James  Hamilton-Crown    (officer),   Bel- 

gium    (declined). 
Lindgren.   John   R.—  Royal  Order  of  Vasa,    Swe- 

den. 

Laverde,    Giuseppe-Crown    (chevalier),    Italy. 
Malato     Stephen   A.—  Crown    (chevalier),  Italy. 
Mareschalchi.    Arturo—  Crown    (chevalier).    Italy. 
Miller.   Harry  I.-Order  of  the  Sacred  Treasure 

Japan. 


ELEVATION    OF   CHICAGO 

Mean  sea  level  or  mean  tide  at  New  York  is 
the  standard  plane  to  which  all  elevations  in 
the  United  States  are  referred,  and  the  figures 
here  given  are  heights  above  that  plane.  They 
are  from  the  official  records  of  the  United 
States  lake  survey  which  have  been  maintained 
since  1860.  The  monthly  mean  surface  of 
Lake  Michigran  has  varied  from  583.57  in 
June.  1886.  to  578.98  in  December.  1895,  The 
annual  mean  surface  has  varied  from  582.96 
in  1886  to  579.47  in  1896. 

The  actual  fluctuations  in  water  surface  from 
which  these  means  are  obtained  have  a  much 
larger  range  and  the  immediate  change  in  a 
few  hours  is  often  as  exeat  as  two  feet.  The 
mean  level  of  Lake  Michigran  from  1860  to 
1914  (the  average  of  all  monthly  means)  was 
583 .20.  and  for  the  period  from  1860  to 
1875  it  was  581.63.  indicating-  that  the  mean 
level  remains  about  the  same,  although  the 
daily,  monthly  and  annual  fluctuations  may  be 


McCprmick.  Mrs.  R.  S.-Chefakat  (Order  of  Mer- 

cy),  Turkey. 

McEwen.  Walter—  Legion  of  Honor.  France. 
Nelson.    H.    P.-St.    Olaf.    Norway. 
Nelson,   N.   A.—  Royal  Order  of  Vasa.   Sweden. 
Nuyttens.  A.—  Leopold  II.  (chevalier).  Belgium, 
Onahan    William  J.—  Chamberlain  of  the  Sword 

and    Mantle,    pope. 
Osland.  Bergrer—  St.  Olaf,  Norway. 
Peterson.   W.   A.-Royal  Order  of  Vasa.  Sweden. 
Reichle,  C.—  Crown  (class  IV.).  Prussia. 
Revell.    Alexander  H.—  Legion  of  Honor  (cheva- 

lier).  France. 

Rubens.   Harry—  Crown   (class  III.),    Prussia. 
Russo.    Peter—  Co  wn    (chevalier),    Italy. 
Sanborn.  Joseph  B.—  Legion  of  Honor,  France; 

Leopold,   Belgium. 

Schinkel.    C.—  Crown   (class   IV.),   Prussia. 
Schlenker,    Joseph—  Frederick   (class   II.).   Wuert- 

temberg;   Crown  (class  IV.).   Prussia. 
Schmidt,    William—  Crown   (class  IV.),   Prussia. 
Skiff.  Frederick  J.  V.—  Sanctified  Treasure  (claM 

II.).    Japan:    Legion    of    Honor    (commander), 

France:    Crown.    Italy;    Leopold.    Belgium. 
Smulski.    John   F.—  Cross    of    Knightly    Order   of 

Francis   Joseph.    Austria. 
Starr.   Prof.  Frederick—  Leopold  II.   (commander). 

Belgium;   Knight  Commander.  Liberia. 
Streyckmans,    Felix    J.—  Crown     (knight).    Bel- 

gium. 

Tree.  Lambert—  Leopold  (commander).  Belgium 
Urbano.   Salvatore—  Crown   (chevalier).   Italy. 
Urgos.    Francesco—  Crown    (chevalier),    Italy. 
Vpllni.    Dr.    Camillo-Crown    (knight).    Italy. 
Vopicka.  Charles  J.—  Grand  Cross  of  the  Star. 

Roumania;     Grand     Cordon     of    the     White 

Eagle.   Serbia. 
Ziegfeld.     Carl—  Officer    of    French    Academy    of 

Public  Instruction  and  Fine  Arts,   France. 
Ziegfeld,    Dr.    F.—  Legion    of    Honor    (chevalier), 

France. 


AND   LAKE   MICHIGAN. 

quite  large.  The  highest  known  monthly 
mean  was  in  1838 — 584.7— and  the  lowest  was 
in  1819 — 578.0 — these  being:  somewhat  indeter- 
minate. The  United  States  lake  survey  has 
adopted  as  a  standard  low  water  lor  reference 
of  soundings  on  its  charts  578.5,  a  little  high- 
er than  the  lowest  ever  known  as  a  monthly 
mean. 

The  Chicag-o  city  datum  is  579.94  and  this 
plane  is  used  in  most  local  works,  including- 
the  harbor  improvements  made  by  the  United 
States.  This  is  about  one  foot  above  the  low- 
est monthly  mean  of  recent  years  and  1.26 
feet  below  the  mean  level  1860-1914. 

For  general  purposes  the  level  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan should  be  taken  as  being  somewhere  be- 
tween 581  and  582  feet.  The  heights  of  land 
in  Chicago  vary  from  590  to  652  (Galewood) 
but  the  averaere  may  be  placed  at  about  600 
feet.  The  downtown  section  runs  from  586 
to  593  feet. 


ADVERTISEMENT.  981 


How  the  Great  Bell 

Telephone  System  Started 

and  How   and    Why  It  Must 

Continue  to  Grow 

A  great  discovery  is  made. 

It  will  benefit  all  men  in  their  business,  domestic 
and  social  affairs. 

No  one  person  has  the  means  to  promote  and 
operate  it. 

A  medium  must  be  created  by  which  many  may 
join  with  their  brains  and  money  to  put  the  dis- 
covery into  use  for  the  service  of  the  public. 

To  meet  just  such  cases  the  law  provides  for 
a  corporation,  a  thing  devised  for  the  purpose  of 
putting  little  sums  of  money  together,  through 
the  issuance  of  bonds  and  stocks,  to  form  what  is 
known  as  capital,  with  which  to  do  big  things  that 
the  little  sums  cannot  do  alone. 

Small  interests,  shares  in  the  corporation,  are 
sold  to  any  one  who  has  a  little  extra  money,  i.  e., 
to  the  public,  and  the  public  buys  in  order  that  it 
may  secure  for  itself  the  benefits  of  the  great 
discovery. 

The  money  realized  by  the  corporation  from 
the  sale  of  the  bonds  and  shares  goes  into  the 
purchase  of  land,  buildings,  equipment  and  ap- 


982  ADVERTISEMENT. 


CHICAGO  TELEPHONE  COMPANY— Continued 


paratus  for  adapting  the  great  discovery  to  the 
use  of  all  the  people. 

When  the  plant  is  ready  to  serve  the  public, 
rates  are  made  and  these  the  public  pay  for  the 
individual  right  to  use  the  great  discovery,  in 
their  business  and  in  their  homes. 

The  rates  must  be  high  enough  to  pay  the 
wages  of  those  who  actually  operate  the  business  ; 
to  pay  for  the  upkeep  of  the  buildings,  equipment 
and  apparatus ;  to  create  a  surplus  for  taking  care 
of  emergencies,  such  as  storm  damage,  for  exam- 
ple, which  cannot  be  provided  for  in  advance ;  and 
to  pay  the  Wages  of  Capital,  that  is,  the  inter- 
est on  the  bonds  and  dividends  on  the  stock  sold  to 
those  who  put  their  little  sums  of  money  in  in  the 
first  place  to  make  the  great  discovery  available 
for  their  own  use  and  for  use  of  all  the  people. 

Probably  the  most  important  obligation  rest- 
ing on  the  rate  scale  is  the  payment  of  the  Wages 
of  Capital,  because,  as  populations  grow  and  as 
business  grows,  they  lean  more  heavily  on  the 
great  discovery,  and  in  order'that  it  may  expand  far 
enough  and  rapidly  enough  there  must  from  time 
to  time  be  more  capital,  to  meet  the  demands  for 
more  buildings  and  more  ground,  more  equip- 
ment, more  apparatus.  Only  by  the  continuous 
investment  of  capital  can  the  great  discovery  be 
developed  so  as  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  public. 


ADVERTISEMENT.  983 


CHICAGO  TELEPHONE  COMPANY— Continued 


Capital,  principal,  must  have  its  wage,  other- 
wise it  becomes  unemployed.  Unemployed  capital 
produces  nothing  for  those  to  whom  it  belongs, 
and  this  lack  of  production  drives  them  to  use  it 
up  when  paying  for  everyday  necessities,  food 
clothing,  fuel. 

Now,  unless  a  job  looks  safe— that  is,  unless  the 
rates  charged  for  service  are  high  enough  to  pay 
the  capital  wage  as  well  as  the  labor  wage  and 
other  charges — those  who  have  capital  will  not 
put  it  into  the  extensions  necessary  for  the  broad- 
er use  of  the  great  discovery,  for  fear  of  losing  it 
and  thus  be  left  without  either  wage  or  capital. 

The  development  of  the  great  discovery  must 
not  stop;  its  service  must  continue  to  flow  un: 
hindered  for  the  benefit  of  all  who  need  it. 

The  Telephone  corporation  is  simply  the  trus- 
tee which  handles  the  business  details  incidental 
to  utilizing  the  great  discovery :  Paying  the  bills, 
supervising  and  directing  the  operation,  develop- 
ing the  personnel,  studying  the  public  welfare  as 
influenced  by  the  great  discovery  and  looking 
about  for  new  capital.  It  has  but  one  end  to  serve, 
the  supplying  of  service  to  the  public  with  funds 
provided  by  the  public. 

Chicago  Telephone  Company 


984 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


CHICAGO  T 

TOWN   OF    WEST   CHICAGO. 
1915    1916    1917    1918 

VX  BATES. 

1916.  1916.  1917.  1918. 

School                              $1  81   $1.87  $1.84  $1.63 

Total  rate                       $5  92  96  39  86  58  $6  24 

Park  ..                                   .41        .41        .40.        .43 

State   55        .80        .90        .76 

TOWN    OF    LAKE. 

County                        59        .65        .62        .60 

Total  rate                         6  61     6  10     6.15     6.85 

Forest  preserve  01        .02        .02        .06 

State     55        .80        .90        .75 

Sanitary            ..                   .42        .38        .35        .40 

County                                   59         65         62        .60 

City                                 ..   1.82      1.97     2.01      1.98 

Forest  preserve                   01        .02        .02        ,06 

School  ..                    1.81      1.87      1.84      1.63 

Sanitary    ..                           .42        .38        .35        .40 

Park                          ....       72        .70        .84        .82  1 

City                                      1  82     1  97     2.01      1.98 

School   181     1.87     1.84     1.63 

Total  rate                         5  61     6.10     6.16     5.86 

TOWN    OF    LAKE   VIEW. 

State   55        .80        .90        .75 

Total   rate    5.91     6.48     6.50     6.21 

County    59        .65        .62        .60 

County     59        .65        .62        .60 

Sanitary     42        .38        .35        .40 
City  ..     1.82     1.97     2.01      1.98 
School                                 1  81      1  87     1  84     1  63 

Forest  preserve  01        .02        .02       .Off 
Sanitary    42        .38        .35        .4» 
City    1.82     1.97     2.01     1.98 

Park    41        .41        .41        .43 
TOWN   OF    NORTH   CHICAGO. 

School    1.81      1.87     1.84     1.63 
Town    10        .10        .10        .11 
Park    .                                   .55        .56        .59        .58 

Total  rate  5.91     6.48     6.50     6.21 

Lincoln  Pk.  bond  06        .13        .07        .10 

State   ^...      .55        .80        .90        .76 

TOWN  OF  JEFFERSON 

County  59        .65        .62        .60 

Total  rate                         6  20     6  69     5  74     6  42 

Forest  preserve  01        .02        .02        .06 

State                                       55         80         90         75 

Sanitary    42        .38        .35        .40 

County  59        .65        .62        .60 

City    1.82     1.97     2.01      1.98 
School     .                1.81      1.87     1.84     1.63 

Forest  preserve  01        .02        .02        .06 

Town  ..                11        .12        .12        .14 

City    1.82     1.97     2.01      1.98 

Lake  shore  prot  01        .01        .03       — 
Lincoln  Pk   bond               .06        .13        .07        .10 

School  1.81      1.87     1.84     1.63 
Irving   Pk.   Dist.*  35        .41        .37        .46 

TOWN  OF  HYDE  PARK. 
Total  rate                         6  61     6  10     6  15     6.85 

Old  Portagre  Pk.  Dist.*      .47        .53        .55        .60 
River  Pk.  Dist.*  02       14        .31 

State                               ••       55        .80        .90        .75 

Ravensw'd  Man.  Gar.*      .44        .34        .31        .57 

Albany   Pk.  Diat.*  24        .28 

Forest  preserve                   01         02        .02        .06 

•Additional. 

Sanitary                                .42        .38        .35        .40 

Note—  Rates    apply    to    the    $100    assessed 

City       1.82     1.97     2.01      1.98 

valuation,  which  is  one-third  of  the  full  value. 

ASSESSMENT  OF  TAXABL 

The  following-  is   a  statement   of   the  valua- 
tion of  taxable  real  estate  and  personal  prop- 
erty and  the  amount  of  taxes  levied  each  year 
from  1837  to  1919.  inclusive: 
Real             Personal               Total 
Year.            estate.            property.          valuation. 
1837                              $236842 

E  PROPERTY  IN  CHICAGO. 

Real             Personal               Total 
Year.           estate.           property.         valuation. 
1870.    $223.643.600  $62.342.950  $275.986.550 
1871.      236.898.650    52.847.820      289.746.470 
1872.      239.154.890    45.042.540      284.197.430 
1873.      262.969.820    49.103.175      312.072.995 
1874.      258.549.310    45.155.830      303.705.il40 

1838               235  996                      .               235  996 

1875        125  468  COS    48  295  641      173  764  246 

1839                 94  803                                           94  803 

1876.      128  832.403    39,165.754      167.998  157 

1840                  94437   94.437 

1877.      116.082.533    32.317.615      148.400,148 

1841.               127.024          $39.720              166.744 
1842.              108.757            42.585             151.342 
1843.               962.221          479.093           1,441.314 
1844.           1.992.085           771.186          2.763.281 
1845.           2.273,171           791.851           3.065.022 
1846.          3.664.425         -857.231          4.521.656 
1847.           4.995.466          853.704          5.849.170 
1848.           4.998.266       1.302.174          6.300,440 
1849.           5.181,637       1.495.047          6.676.684 
1850.          5.685.965       1.534.284          7.220.249 
1851.          6.804.262       1,758.455          8,562.717 
1852.           8,190.769       2,272.645        10.463.414 
1853.         13.130.677       3.711.154        16.841.831 
1854.         18.990.744       5.401.495        24.392.239 
1855.        21.637.500      5,355.393        26.992.893 
1856.         25.892.308       5.843.776        31.736.084 
1857.        29.307.628      7.027.653        36.335.281 
1858.        30.175.325       5.816.407        35.991.732 
1859.        30.732.313       5.821.067        36.553.380 
1860.         31.198.135       5.855.377        37053.512 
1861.         31.314.749       5.037.631        36.352.380 
1862.        31.587,545       5.552.300        37.139.845 
1863.        35.143.252       7,524.072        42.667.324 
1864.         37.148,023    11.584.759        48.732.782 
1865.        44.065.499    20.6*4.678        64.710.177 
1866.         66.495116    29.458.134        85.953.250 
1867.      1*1.445,920    53.580.924      195.026.844 
18RS..     I7i.490.660    55.756.340      230.347.000 
1869..    2ill,371.240    54.653.640     266.024.880 

d878.      104.420.053    27.563.386      131.983,439 
1879.         91.152.229    26.517.806      117.970.036 
1880.         89032.038    28.101.688      117,133.726 
1881.         90.099,045    29.053.743      119,152,288 
1882.         95.881.714    29.479.022      125.360.736 
1883.      101.596.795    31.616.893     133.213.688 
1884.      105.606.743    31.720.237      137.326,980 
1885.      107.146.881    32.811.411      139.958.292 
1886.      122.980.123    35,516.009     158.496.132 
1887.      123.169.455    38.035.080      161.204.535 
1888.      123.292.358     37.349.365      160,641.723 
1889.      127.372.618    40.763.213      168.135.831 
1890.      170.553.854    48.800,514      219.354.368 
1891.      203.353.791     53.245.783      256.599,574 
1892.      190.614.636    53.117.502      243.732.138 
1893.      189.299.120    56.491.231     245.790,351 
1894.      190.960.897    56.461.825      247.422.722 
1895.      192.498.842    50.977.983      243.476.825 
1896.      195.684.875    48.672.411      244.357.286 
1897.      184.632.905    47.393.755      232.026.660 
1898.      17S.801.172    42.165,275      220,966.447 
1S99.      260.265.058     84.931.361      345.196.419 
1900.      202.884.012    73.681.868      276.665.880 
1901.      259.254,598115.325.842      374.580.440 
1902.      276.509.730125.985.401      402.495.131 
1903.      289.371.249122.053.031      411.424.280 
1904.      291.329.703111.951.487     403.281.190 
1905.      295.514.443112.477.182      407.991.625 
1906.      303.033.228  123.230.068     426.263.296 

ADVERTISEMENT. 


985 


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ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Real 

Personal               Total 

Year.            Tax  levy. 

Year.            Tax  levy. 

Tear.            estate.            property.          valuation. 
907..  $346,843.590  131.078.386  $477.921.978 

1891.    $10.453.270.41 
1892.        12,142,448.75 

1906...  $17.434.168.80 
1907...    22.605.709.45 

1908.      344.499.927  13 

2.690,472     477.190.399 

1893.        11.810.969.69 

1908...    22,666.54394 

1909.      586.253.655  21 

2.574.401      833.150.8.97 

1894.       12.267.643.62 

1909...    24.078,060.98 

1910.      603.022.875  24 

5.971.661     848.994.536 

1895.        14.239,685.13 

1910...    23.485.538.22 

1911.      663.376,02722 

3,578.274      927,747,492 

1896.        12.290.145.21 

1911.  .    27,311.841.58 

1$J12.      670.652.219  19 

5.473.058      940.450.171 

1897.       12,939.333.10 

1912.  .    24,733.839.48 

1913.      688.387,352  21 

1.318,184      981.787.576 

1898.        12.207.906.82 

1913.   .    31.122.666.16 

1914.      707.366.379  21 

7.979,761  1.000.797.060 

1899.        13,359.270.53 

1914.  .    32.225.665.35 

1915.      749.905.059  21 

9.879.969  1.041.788.676 

1900.        17.086.408.36 

1915.  .    37.816.928.94 

1916.      742.695.603  21 

9.396.138  1.032.876.669 

1901.        14.245.294.12 

1916.  .    39.662.464.09 

1917.      753.321.967  23 

9.734.554  1,062.959.802 

1902.        14,039.030.16 

1917.   .    40.923,952.37 

1918.      757.914.948  24 

7,059,397  1,082,763.780 

1903.        14,815.388.31 

1918.  .    39.087.772.46 

Tear.           Tax  levy. 
1837...            $5.905.15 

Year.            Tax  levy. 
1864...       $974,655.64 

1904..      15.994.410.68 
1905..      16.845.974.19 

1919.  .    65.580.009.40 

1838...              8.849.86 

1865...       1.294.183.50 

The    valuation   since 

1875   is   the   equalized 

1839...              4.664.55 

1866...       1.719.064.05 

valuation   fixed  by   the 

state  'board   of  equal- 

1840...               4.721.85 

L867...      2.518.472.00 

ization.     From    1867    1 

o    1875    the    valuation 

1841...             10,004.67 

1868...      3.223.457.80 

was    made    by    the    CJ 

ty    for    the    city    tax. 

1842...              9.181.27 

1869...      3.990.373.20 

From    1898    to    1908. 

inclusive,    the    assessed 

1843...              8.647.89 

1870...       4,139.798.70 

value   was  one-fifth   oi 

the   actual   value.     In 

1844.  .            17.166.24 

1871...       2.897.464.70 

1909   the  rate  was  fix 

ed  at   one-third  and  in 

1845.  .             11.077.58 

1872...       4.462.961.45 

1919    at    one-half.     Tl 

le    total    valuation    in- 

1846.  .            15.825.80 

1873...      5,617.313.91 

eludes  capital  stock   ai 

id  railroads. 

1847.  .            18.159.01 
1848.  .             22.051.54 

1874.  .      5.466.692.54 
1875.  .      5.108.981.40 

ASSESSMENT  OF  TAXABLE  PROPERTY  IN 
COOK   cnn-NTT-v 

1849.  .            30.045.09 
1850.  .            25.270.87 
1851.  .            63.385.87 
1852.  .            76.948.96 
1853.  .          135.662.68 
1854.  .          199.081.64 
1855.  .          206.209.03 
1856...          396.652.39 
1857...          572.046.00 
1858..           430.190.00 
1859..           513.164.00 

1876.  .      4.046.805.80 
1877.  .       4.013.410.44 
1878.  .       3.777.757.23 
1879     .      3.776.450.79 
1880    .      3.899.126.98 
1881.  .      4.136.608.38 
1882.  .      4.227.402.98 
1883.  .      4.540.506.13 
1884.   .      4.872.456.60 
1885.  .       5.152.366.03 
1886.  .      5.368.409.76 

Includes  equalized  va 
capital  stock  of  corpor 
1904.        $437.850.428 
1905.           441.990.246 
1906.           461,813.707 
1907.           514.757.122 
1908.           514,730.532 
1909.           987.212.850 
1910.           915.895.947 
1911.          997.787.837 

luation  of  railroads  and 
ations. 

1912...  $1.012.882.262 
1913..      1.056.910.607 
1914..      1,078.824,261 
1915..      1.121.649.954 
1916..      1.115.035.441 
1917..      1.148.893,498 
1918..      1.170.142.268 

I860..            373.315.29 
1861..           559.968.00 

1887.  .      5.602.712.56 
1888.  .      5.723.067.25 

The  above  figures  are  one-  fifth  of  the  actual 
valuation   down    to   and   including-   1908.     The 

1862..            564.038.06 

1889.  .      6,326.561.21 

rate   was   changed   to 

one-third  in   1909    and 

1863..           853.346.00 

1890.  .      9,558.335.00 

to  one-half  in  1919. 

CHICAGO   REAL   ESTATE   TRANSFERS. 

Yefer.                               1 

Jo.  Sales.  Consideration. 

Year.                                    I 

Jo.  Sales.  Consideration. 

1900... 

14.356       $87  917  998 

1910... 

30.058     $155,464.768 

1901 

15  871        100  664  279 

1911 

37,615       154320911 

1902... 

18  063        lll'441  112 

1912... 

45.743        113.693.768 

1903 

19  880       107  680~304 

1913 

54.092        135  669  729 

1904... 

24.450        102.%870.'570 

1914  .. 

55.834        118.920,581 

1905 

28  940        139  601  896 

1915 

52.605        103.826.605 

1906.. 

31.562        14l'.342l020 

1916  

65.431       117.971.786 

1907 

26  380       131  982  811 

1917 

49.882          80.528.411 

1908... 

29.321        133.%325.'630 

1918  .. 

42.830          63.639.246 

1909 

32  821       140*908  512 

1Q1O* 

45,828          83.771,974 

*Pirst   nine  months. 

TORRENS  SYSTEM. 

Transfers. 

Y«r; 
1905 

Number.Con|idera4tion§ 

Year. 
1913 

Number.Consideration. 
3  397       $5  3'}3  548 

1906... 

985         1  607  189 

1914 

3  826         4  577  709 

1907  

97f         1  267  406 

1915            

4  277         5  338  501 

1908... 

1  006         1  683  337 

1916 

5  089         5  474  785 

1909  

1  253        2  186  587 

1917                     

4,795         4*664  772 

1910... 

1  789         3  °95  850 

1918 

4  053          3  73°  768 

1911   .     .. 

2  014         3  235  138 

1Q1Q* 

4  839         6  223  823 

1912  

2  786        4  434  250 

*TPif»ct    TiinA    mrmtVis 

SURVIVORS  OF   THE  HAYMARKET  RIOT. 

Following-  is  a  list  of  police  officers  living  in 
May.   1919.  who  took  part  in  the  quelling-  of 
the  anarchist  not  at  the  Havmarket.  rh>ae-n 

Andrew    O'Day.                 Benjamin    Williams. 
George   W.   Raycraft.      Fred    Welman. 
James  B.   Short.               Michael    Walsh. 

May  4.  1886.  with  the 

officers  of  the  associa- 

John  M.   Sisk. 

Simon   McMahon. 

tion  of  Haymarket  vet 

?rans  : 

Sol  C.   Steele. 

John    Dam  men. 

Frank  P.  Tyrrell. 

[^arl    "R     .TfVhnsrm 

Freeman   Steele. 

E.  J.  Hanley. 

James  Bowler.                 Patrick   H.   Keefe. 
John  J.  Brown.               John    .T    "Rpllpv 

Jqmes  P.   Stanton.           Jas.   Mitchel. 
Dennis   Tierney.                John    D.    Hartford. 

Louis  C.   Bauman. 

Villiam  Kelley. 

Robert    J.    Walsh. 

John  J.  Collins. 

Jeremiah  Kennedy. 

HAYMARKET: 

VETERANS. 

Dennis  J.  Dunne.             , 

(ohn    Kinsella. 

President—  Frank  P.  Ty 

rrell. 

Timothy  Daley. 

John   H.   Kiner. 

Vice-President—  Carl   E. 

Johnson. 

Jos.   L.  Fallon.                 Patrick    J.    Lavin. 
John    C.    Genderson.       Thomas   Meaney. 

Recording   Secretary—  Freeman   Steele. 
Financial   Secretary—  John  K.  McMahon. 

John  Gihbons. 

John   K    McMahon. 

Treasurer  —  Jeremiah  Ke 

nnedy. 

Joseph  A.  Gilso. 

Hne-h    McNeil. 

Trustee  —  John  Kinsella. 

Jacob  Hansen.                   John   O'Connell.                    Sergeant-at-Arms—  James  Bowler. 

ADVERTISEMENT. 


987 


CHICAGO 
SURFACE  LINES 


THE    MOST    EXTENSIVE    STREET    CAR 
TRANSPORTATION    ORGANIZA- 
TION IN  THE  WORLD 

THE  PROPERTIES  OPERATED  INCLUDE: 

CHICAGO  RAILWAYS  COMPANY 

CHICAGO   CITY  RAILWAY   COMPANY 

SOUTHERN   STREET  RAILWAY   COMPANY 

CALUMET   &  SOUTH   CHICAGO  RAILWAY 

COMPANY 

MORE  THAN  1,025  MILES  OF  TRACK 

OVER   3,500,000   CASH   AND   TRANSFER 
PASSENGERS  DAILY 


172  LINES 


575  TRANSFER  POINTS 


MOST  LIBERAL  TRANSFER  SYSTEM  KNOWN 


GENERAL  OFFICES 

BORLAND    BUILDING 
CHICAGO 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


INTERESTING  FACTS  AND 
FIGURES 


In  1907,  when  the  traction  problems  were  solved 
by  the  so-called  "Settlement  Ordinances"  (after  the 
entire  question  had  been  submitted  to  a  referendum 
vote  of  the  residents  of  Chicago),  a  value  was  estab- 
lished by  the  City  of  Chicago  through  an  independ- 
ent valuing  commission  covering  the  properties  as 
they  then  existed.  The  valuation  established  by  the 
city,  $50,000,000,  was  more  than  $30,000,000  below 
the  value  claimed  by  the  companies  and  was  reached 
by  arbitrarily  disregarding  many  millions  of  capital 
that  actually  had  been  invested  in  the  properties. 

To  this  1907  valuation  the  city,  under  the  ordi- 
nances, provided  that  the  companies  should  add  the 
amounts  actually  expended  on  capital  account  when 
authorized  and  certified  by  the  Board  of  Supervising 
Engineers.  These  expenditures  covering  track  exten- 
sions and  additions  to  equipment  brought  the  total 
purchase  price  as  of  January  31,  1919,  up  to  $157,164,- 
907.  This  represented  the  figure  at  which  the  city 
might  have  taken  over  the  properties  if  it  chose  to 
exercise  its  right  at  that  date. 

The  companies  pay  to  the  city  of  Chicago  for  the 
privilege  of  operating  their  cars  in  the  streets  55  per 
cent  of  their  net  receipts  annually.  This  has  amounted 
in  twelve  years  to  approximately  $25,000,000. 

During  the  year  ended  January  31,  1919,  the  Sur- 
face Lines  carried  a  total  of  1,204,362,342  passengers. 
Of  these  685,300,000  were  revenue  passengers  and 
491,659,000  were  transfer  passengers.  The  very  large 
percentage  of  transfer  passengers  brought  the  average 
fare  per  passenger  down  to  2.8  cents,  giving  the 
companies  the  smallest  cash  return  per  passenger  of 
any  large  city  in  the  country. 

There  are  approximately  500  miles  of 
double  track  in  the  Surface  Lines  system 
and  an  army  of  15,000  employes  is  em- 
ployed in  the  operation  and  maintenance 
of  the  properties. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


989 


Suggestions  for  Visitors. 


Chicago,  aside  from  its  importance  as  a  great  business  cen- 
ter, has  numerous  attractions  which  make  it  the  ideal  vacation 
city,  and  its  location  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan  justifies 
its  recognition  as  the  ideal  summer  resort.  The  Surface  Lines 
offer'  the  most  convenient  transportation  in  Chicago. 

Here  are  a  few  suggestions  to  the  visitor  who  desires  to 
become  acquainted  with  some  of  Chicago's  attractions  and  for 
the  general  information  of  those  who  would  like  to  have  a  more 
comprehensive  idea  of  what  to  see  and  how  to  see  it. 

NEW  MUNICIPAL  PIER— Here  is  one  of  Chicago's  newest  and 
greatest  wonders — a  great  recreation  center  and  a  steamboat  land- 
ing extending  3,000  feet  into  the  lake  and  costing  about  $5,000,- 
000.  Here  one  may  enjoy  the  cooling  breezes  of  Lake  Michigan 
while  getting  an  expansive  view  c<f  the  city's  sky  line.  There 
are  many  attractions  en  the  pier  itself  during  the  season,  in- 
cluding observation  towers,  board  walk,  children's  playground, 
open  air  and  inclosed  restaurants,  public  dining  room  for  pic- 
nickers and  immense  freight  and  passenger  boat  terminals.  No 
one  should  miss  this  trip.  Take  through  route  No*  1  car  in 
Wabash  avenue,  State  street  car  in  State  street,  Broadway  car 
in  Dearborn  or  Randolph  street,  Clark  street  or  through  route 
No.  22  car  in  Clark  street,  or  Lincoln  avenue  car  in  LaSalle 
street;  ride  north  to  Grand  avenue  and  transfer  east  to  the  lake. 
Cars  operate  on  the  pier. 

CLARENDON  BATHING  BEACH— This  municipal  enterprise 
is  one  of  the  newest  attractions  in  Chicago.  It  is  owned  and 
operated  by  the  city  and  should  be  visited  by  every  one.  Costly 
buildings  beautify  the  premises.  Ten  thousand  bathers  can  use 
the  beach  at  one  time,  and  even  if  one  does  not  care  to  "take  a 
dip"  a  pleasant  afternoon  can  be  spent  here.  Take  through  route 
No.  1  car  in  Wabash  avenue  or  Broadway  car  in  Dearborn  or 
Randolph  street,  ride  north  to  Sunnyside  avenue  and  walk  east 
to  the  lake. 

CHICAGO'S  GREAT  ZOO— No  collection  of  animals  in  the 
United  States  is  more  complete  or  interesting  than  the  one  in 
Lincoln  park.  Here  are  1,700  specimens  which  are  a  continual 
source  of  delight  to  children  and  grownups  alike.  One  cannot 
visit  the  "Zoo"  too  often.  Take  through  route  No.  1  car  in 
Wabash  avenue,  Clark  street  or  through  route  No.  22  car  in 
Clark  street,  Broadway  car  in  Dearborn  or  Ran- 
dolph street,  or  Lincoln  avenue  car  in  LaSalle 
street,  ride  north  to  main  entrance  of  Lincoln  Park 
at  Center  street. 


990 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


CHICAGO'S   WONDERFUL   PARKS. 


DOUGLAS  PARK— Has  many  attractions,  such  as  athletic 
field,  flower  gardens,  boating  facilities  and  natatorium.  Take 
12th  street  car  in  Dearborn  or  Adams  street,  or  Ogden  avenue 
car  in  State  or  Randolph  street,  ride  west  to  park  at  12th  street 
and  California  avenue.  . 

GARFIELD  PARK— Has  many  attractions,  including  flower 
gardens,  boating  facilities,  public  golf  course,  largest  conserva- 
tory in  the  United  States,  several  statues.  Take  Madison  street 
car  in  Madison  street  to  park  entrance  at  Central  Park  avenue. 

HUMBOLDT  PARK— Offers  facilities  for  boating  and  other 
recreation  and  has  some  attractive  statues.  Take  Division  street 
car  in  State  or  Washington  street  and  ride  west  to  park  at 
terminus  of  line. 

JACKSON  PARK— One  of  Chicago's  most  beautiful  spots-,  on 
part  of  which  was  located  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  in 
1893.  Here  are  splendid  boating  facilities,  a  bathing  beach,  two 
public  golf  courses,  Field  museum,  flower  gardens,  government 
life  saving  station  and  LaRabida  sanitarium.  Take  Jackson  park 
car  or  Stony  Island-93d  car  in  Wabash  avenue  to  "Midway"  at 
59th  street. 

LINCOLN  PARK— One  of  the  city's  most  interesting  attrac- 
tions. See  Zoo  with  1,700  animals,  Academy  of  Sciences,  bathing 
beach  and  golf  course  near  Diversey  boulevard,  conservatory, 
flower  gardens,  boating  and  other  recreation  facilities;  also  the 
world  famous  Saiat-Gaudens  statue  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  Take 
through  route  No.  1  car  in  Wabash  avenue,  Clark  street  or 
through  route  No.  22  car  in  Clark  street,  Broadway  car  in  Dear- 
born street  or  Lincoln  avenue  car  in  LaSalle  street,  ride  north 
to  main  entrance  of  park  at  Center  street. 

WASHINGTON  PARK-Offers  facilities  for  boating  and  other 
recreation.  Take  Indiana-51st  car  in  Wabash  avenue  and  ride 
south  to  terminus  at  park,  or  take  Cottage  Grove  car  in  Wabash 
avenue  and  ride  south  to  55th  stre-et  entrance. 

AMUSEMENT  RESORTS. 

RIVERVIEW  PARK— A  large  amusement  park  with  many 
attractions  and  space  for  picnicking  purposes.  Take  Riverview- 
Larratxee  car  in  Dearborn  street  and  ride  north  to  park  at 
terminus  of  this  line.  Or  take  through  route  No.  2  car  in 
Clark  street  or  Clybourn  avenue  car  in  Wells  street, 
ride  north  to  terminus  at  Belmont  avenue  and 
walk  north  two  blocks  to  gate. 


AD  VERTISEM  ENT. 


991 


AMUSEMENT  RESORTS— Continued. 


WHITE  CITY— A  large  amusement  park  with  many  things 
to  interest  a  visitor.  Take  Wentworth  avenue  or  through 
route  No.  2  or  No.  22  car  in  Qark  street,  or  take  State  street 
car  in  State  street,  ride  south  to  63d  street  and  transfer  east 
to  park  gate  at  South  Park  avenue.  Or  take  Cottage  Groye- 
71st  or  through  route  No.  4  or  No.  5  in  Wabash  avenue,  ride 
south  to  63d  street  and  (transfer  west  to  park  gate  at  South 
Park  avenue. 

MADISON  GARDENS— Those  who  enjoy  roller  skating  can 
spend  a  very  pleasant  evening  at  Madison  Gardens  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Madison  and  Rockwell  streets.  There  are  special  facili- 
ties for  those  who  are  learning,  special  instructors  for  la-dies  and 
children.  An  orchestra  furnishes  appropriate  music.  Take 
Madison  street  cars  to  the  doors. 

OTHER  POINTS  OF  INTEREST. 

ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES— A  noted  museum  of  natural  his- 
tory having  many  interesting  specimens.  Open  from  9  a.  m.  to 
5  p.  m.  daily  and  1  p.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Sundays.  Free.  Take 
through  route  No.  1  car  in  Wabash  avenue,  or  Qark  street  or 
through  route  No.  22  car  in  Gark  street,  or  Broadway  car  in 
Dearborn  street,  or  Lincoln  avenue  car  in  LaSalle  street,  ride 
north  to  Lincoln  park  entrance  at  Qark  and  Center  streets. 

CHICAGO  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY— Depository  of  valuable 
historical  documents  and  relics  of  Chicago's  early  days.  Open 
daily  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.,  except  Saturday  afternoons  and  Sun- 
days. Free.  Take  State  street  car  on  State  street,  or  through 
route  No.  1  car  on  Wabash  'avenue,  ride  north  to  Ontario 
street  and  walk  one  block  west.  Or  take  Clark  street., or 
through  route  No.  22  car  on  Qark  street,  ride  north  to  Ontario 
street  and  walk  east  one  block  to  Dearborn.  v  ; 

FIELD  MUSEUM— One  of  Chicago's  "seven  wonders"  is  this 
costly  collection  of  natural  history  material  gathered  from  the 
remotest  corners  of  the  world.  Its  original  home  in  Jackson 
park  was  the  Fine  Arts  building  of  the  World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position of  1893.  A  permanent  building  to  house  this  great 
institution  has  been  erected  in  Grant  park  at  a  cost  of  $4,000,- 
000  and  when  the  exhibits  have  been  moved  frotm  the  old  build- 
ing the  museum  will  be  open  to  visitors  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 
daily;  free  on  Saturdays  and  Sundays. 

CUBS'  PARK— Home  grounds  of  Chicago's  National  league 
team.  Take  Qark  street  or  through  route  No.  22  car  in  Clark 
street  and  ride  north  to  entrance  at  Addison  street. 

SOX  PARK— Home  grounds  of  Chicago's  representative  in  the 
American  Baseball  league  may  be  reached  by  taking  Wentworth 
avenue  or  through  route  No.  2  or  No.  22  car  in  Clark  street. 
Ride  south  to  35th  street  and  walk  one  block  west  to  park  en- 
trance. 

HAYMARKET  SQUARE-This  largest  market  for  truck  gar- 
den  produce  was  the  site  of  the  anarchist  riot  in  1886.  TTha 
activity  of  this  place  any  weekday  morning  is  worth  watching. 
Take  Ogden  avenue  car  in  State,  Randolph  or  Lake  street,  and 
ride  west  to  Desplaines  street.  Or  take  Madison 
street  car  west  as  far  as  'DespJaines  street  and 
walk  north  two  blocks  to  Randolph  street.  A  stroll, 
for  several  blocks  west  through  the  market  will  be 
interesting. 


092 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR    1920. 


PRICES    FOR    MESS    PORK    AND      LARD    FOR    FORTY    YEARS. 


The   following1  table   shows   the    lowest   and 
highest  cash  prices  for  mess  pork  and  prime 
steamed  lard  in   the   Chicago  market   for  the 
last    forty    years    and    the    months   in    which 
extreme  prices  were  reached: 
MESS  PORK. 
Year.  Lowest  in—  Range.          Highest   in— 

1880. .April $9.37%@19.00     October. 

1881.. January.. ..J.2.40    @20.00     September 

1882.. March J.6.00    ©24.75     October. 

1883.. Sept.-Oct.... 10.20    @20.15     May. 
1884.. December.. J.0.55    ©19.50     May.      June. 

July. 
1885..Oct.-Nov....  8.00    @13.25     February. 

1886. .May 8.20    @12.20     December. 

1887.. January.. ..11.60    ©24.00     May. 
1888.. December... 12.90    ©16.00     October. 
1889.. December...  8.35    ©13.37%  January. 
1890. .December...  7.50    ©13.62%  April. 
1891.. December...  7.45    ©-13.00     May. 
1892..April.......     9.25    ©15.05     December. 

1893.. August J.0.25    ©21.80     May. 

1894. .March .10.67%@14.57>    September. 


1895.. December. 
1896.. August.... 
1897..  December. 
1898..  October... 


7.50 

i  5.50 

7.15 

7.65 


>12.30 
>10.45 


1899..May-Oct 7.85     , 

1900 .  .November. .  10.37%@16.00 

1901. .January 12.60    ©16.80 

1902.. Feb.-Mar...U  5.00 

1903.. October 10.95 

1904 . .  September.  .10.60 

1905. .April 11.70 

1906. .January 13.45 

1907..  Sept.-Oct...  13.75 
1908.  .February ..  .10.75 

1909. .January 16.25 

1910.. October... .17.25    ©27.00 

1911. .October 14.60    ©21.50 

1912..  January...  .15.00 

1913..  January 17.50 

1914.. October 16.50 

1915..  September.  .12.00 


12.87%  May. 
10.85     January. 
9.00     September. 

May. 

January. 

October. 

March. 

July. 

18.37%  March. 
16.50     February. 

October. 

July. 

February. 

July. 

September. 

July. 

February. 
19.62%  April. 
22.75     July.  Sept. 
24.60     August. 
19.50     February. 


>18.70 


&16.60 
&20.00 
M7.75 
516.60 
i)25.20 


1916.. January. ...18.62%@29.50     October. 


Year.  Lowest  in —  Range. 

1917..  January....  28.00    ©48.00 


1918.. October 33.50 

1919*.October 35.00 

LARD. 

1880. .June $6.35    @ 

1881.. February...    9.20 

1882. .March 10.05 

1883..  October....  7.15 
1884.. December...  6.45 

1885.. October 5.82 

1886. .May 5.82% 

1887..June-Oct....  6.20 
1888. .January....  7.25 
1889.. December..  5.75 
1890.. December...  5.50 
1891.. February...  5.47 
1892. .January....  6.05 

1893. .August 6.00 

1894.. March 6.45 

1895.. December...  6.15 

1896. .July 3.05 

1897..  June 3.42% 

1898..Jan.-Oct 4.62% 

1899. .May 4.90 

1900.. February...  5.65 
1901..  January.. 
1902..  February. 
1903..  October... 

1904. .May 

1905. .January — . 


Highest   in— 
December. 


50.50     February. 
56.00     May-June. 

7.85     November. 
13.00     July. 
13.10     October. 
12.10     May. 
10.00     February. 

7.10     Feb..     April. 

7.60     September. 

7.92%  December. 
11.20  October. 

7.55     January. 

6.52%  April. 

7.05  September. 
10.60  December. 
13.20  March. 

9.05     September. 

7.17%  March. 

6.85     January. 

4.90     September. 

6.82%  May. 

6.77%  January. 

7.40     October. 
10.25     September. 
11.60     September. 
11.00     September. 

7.92%  February. 


6.90 
9.07 
6.20 
.15 

.66    @   8.10     August. 
1906.  .January  .....  7.32%©  9.85     November. 
1907..  October  .....    8.42%@  9.97%  February. 
1908.  .February....  6.97%@10.46     October. 
1909..  January     ...  9.40    ©12.65     Sept.-Oct. 

1910.  .August  ......  11.50    ©14.65     March. 

1911.  .April  ........  7.70    ©10.67%  January. 

1912.  .February....  8.65    ©ix.97%  October. 
1913..  January  .....  9.47%@11.87%  July. 
1914..  September..  9.10    ©11.60     November. 
1915.  .July  .........  7.55 

1916..  February...   9.75 

1917.  .January  .....  15.10 

1918.  .January  .....  23.60  . 
1919*.February...  22.06    ©35.85     June. 

*Jan.  1  to  Nov.  1. 


11.27%  February. 
17.00     October. 
26.90     November. 
7.12%  Sept.-Oct. 


CHICAGO    GRAIN    STATISTICS. 


The  following1  tables  show  the  extreme  prices 
in  each  year  for  forty  years  for  cash  wheat, 
corn  and  oats,  indicating  the  month  in  which 
such  prices  were  obtained: 
WHEAT. 
Year.  Lowest  in—          Range.          Highest   in— 
1880..  August  $0.86%@1.32      January. 
1881.  .January....        .95%@1.43%,  October. 
1882..  December..        .91%@-1.40     April-May. 
1883.  .October  90    ©1.13%  June. 

Year.  Lowest  in  — 
1907..  January.... 
1908.  .July  
1909.  .October  
1910..  October  
1911.  .April  
1912..Nov.-Dec.... 
1913..  July  -Aug1... 
1914.  .July  
1915.  .August  
1916..  June  

Range.          Highest    in— 
$0.71    ©1.22     October. 
.84%©  1.24     August. 
1.03    ©1.60     June. 
.91%@1.29%  July. 
.83%@1.17     October. 
.85    ©1.22     April-May. 
.84    ©1.15%  January. 
.77%  ©1.33      September. 
.98    ©1.68     February. 
98%©2  02     October 

1884..  December.'.*       !69    ©   !96      February. 
1885.  .March  73%@   .91%  April. 
1886.  .October  69%©  .84%  January. 
1887.  .August  66%@  .94%  June. 
1888.  .April  71%@2.00     September. 
1889.  .June  75%©  1.08%  February. 
1890.  .February...       .74%©!  .08%  August. 
1891.  .July  84%@1.16     April. 
1892.  .October  69%©   .91%  February. 
1893    July              .        54%©    85     April 

1917..  February... 
1918..  Jan.  -  Feb. 
Mar.  -  Apr.- 
May  -  June 
(g-ov.  prices) 
1919*.August  

1880.  .April  
1881..  February... 
1882  .  .DcccmDcr.  .  . 

l'.51%@3.'45     May. 

2.17    ©2.34     August. 
2.20    ©2.92  ..April. 
CORN. 
$0.31i/2@  43.%  November. 
.35%©   .76%  October. 

»7Ql/  (ft\        Q-|  i/      Tnltr 

1894.  .July  .50%©   .63%  April. 
1895.  .January    ..          48%©   .81%  May. 
1896.  .August    63    ©   .94%  November. 
1897.  .April  66%@1  06     December 

1883..  October  
1884..  December... 
1885.  .January  
1  886    October 

.  /  y  flits'   .oj-72  July. 
.46    ©   .70     January. 
,34Vf,@   .87     September. 
.34%©  .49     April-May. 
331^  (n)    45      July 

1898..  October  62    ©   .85     May. 
1899..  December..        .64    ©   .79%  Mav. 
1900.  .January  61%©   .87%  June. 
1901..  July    ..        .        63%©    77%  June 

1887!.  February  .'.'.' 
1888.  .December... 
1889..  December... 

!33    ©   !51%  December. 
.33V-©   .60      May. 
.29%  @   .60     November. 

O'yt/  ffi)        P^d-X^     'Mr*Trom'K£l». 

lio0..  October  67%©  .95     September. 
1903..  January  70%©   .93     September. 
1904.  .January  81%@1.22      Sept.   -  Oct.- 
jSpf* 

1905.  .August  ,77%©1.24      February. 
1906.  .August  69%@   .94%  May. 

1890  *  .  FsDru&ry  .  .  . 
1891..  December... 
1892.  .January  
1893..  December... 
1894..  February... 
1895..  December... 
1  896..  September.. 

.*4*T^v3/   .0^1/4  ^ovemDer. 
.39%©  .80     November. 
.37V>@1.00      May. 
.34^©   .44%  May. 
.33%  (ft   .59%  August. 
.24%(ft   .54%  May. 
.19%©   .30%  April. 

ADVERTISEMENTS.  993 


Charles  W.  Elmes.  Carleton  L.  Elmes. 

CHARLES  F.  ELMES 

ENGINEERING  WORKS 

Established   1861.  Incorporated   1895. 

HYDRAULIC    PRESSES,   PUMPS 
AND  ACCUMULATORS. 

SPECIAL  MACHINERY. 
WOOD  PATTERNS. 
PAPER  LIFTS. 
MACHINERY  REPAIRS. 

MORGAN  AND  FULTON  STS.,  CHICAGO 

Telephone  Haymarket  696  to  All  Departments. 


MALLEABLE    IRON 

AND    STEEL    CASTINGS 

THE  NATIONAL 
MALLEABLE  CASTINGS  COMPANY 

Cleveland  Chicago  Indianapolis  Toledo 

Sharon,  Pa.  Melrose  Park,  111. 


994 


ALMANAC   AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOB   1920. 


Tear.  Lowest  in  — 
1897..Jan.-Feb.... 
1898.  .January  
1899..  December... 
1900.  .January  
1901.  .January  
1902..  October  
1903..  March  

Range.          Highest   in— 
$0.21%®   .32%  August. 
.26    @   .38     December. 
.30    @   .38%  January. 
.30y2@   .49%  November. 
.36    @   .62%  November. 
.55    @   .88     July. 
41%@    53     July-Aug 

Year.  Lowest  in  — 
1888..  September.. 
1889..  October  
1890..  February... 
1891..  October  
1892..  January  
1893.  .July  
1894    January 

Range 
$0.23%® 
.17%® 
.19%® 
.26    @ 

.'21%® 
26    @ 

Highest   in— 
.38    May. 
.26%  February. 
.45      November. 
.56%  April. 
.34%  August. 
.32%  May. 

1904.  .January  
1905..  January  
1906..Feb.-March. 
1907..  January  
1908..  February... 
1909..  January  
1910..  October  
1911..  Jan.  -  Feb.- 
March  
1912..  November.. 
1913..  January  
1914..  January.... 
1915..  October  
1916.  .May  
1917..  January.... 
19.18..  October  
1919*.January.... 

.42%®   .58%  November. 
.42    @   .64%  May. 
.39    @   .54%  June. 
.39%®   .66%  October. 
.56%®   .82     May-Sept. 
.58%®   .77     June. 
.47%®  .68     January. 

.45%®   .75     October. 
.53    @   .83      August. 
.46%®    .78%  Aug.-Sept. 
.60    @   .86     August. 
.59%®   .82%  August. 
.69    @1.11     October. 
.93%@2.36     August. 
1.35    @1.85      January. 
1.22    @2.10     July-Aug. 

1895..  December... 
1896..  September.. 
1897.  .February... 
1898.  .Aug.-Sept... 
1899..  August  
1900..  August  
1901..  January  
1902.  .August  
1903.  .March  
1904..  October  
1905..  September.. 
1906.  .March  
1907.  .January  
1908.  .August  
1909..  October  
1910..  October  
1911.  .March  

.16%® 
.14%® 
.15%® 

;19%@ 
21    @ 
.23%® 
.25    @ 
.31%® 
28%® 
'.25    @ 
.28%® 
.33%® 
.46    @ 
.38%® 
.29%® 
.28%® 

.31%  June. 
.20%  Feb.-Mar. 
.23%  December. 
.32      May. 
.28%  February. 
.26%  June. 
.42%  November. 
.56     July. 
.45     July. 
.46     February. 
.34%  July. 
.42%  June. 
.56%  September. 
.60%  July. 
.62%  May. 
.49     February. 
.47%  October. 

1880.  .August  
1881..  February... 
1882..  September.. 
1883..  September.. 
18  84..  December... 
1885  ..  September 

OATS. 
80.22%®  .35     Jan.-May. 
.29%®   .47%  October. 
.30%®   .62     July. 
.25    @   .43%  March. 
.23    @   .34%  April. 
24%  @    36%  April 

1912..  November.. 
1913.  .March  
1914..  August  
1915.  .October  
1916..  June  
1917.  .August  
1918.  .June  

.30%® 
.31%® 
.33%® 
.35%® 
.37%® 
.51    @ 
64%® 

.58%  April    . 
.4^-%  September. 
.51%  September. 
.60%  March. 
.53%  October. 
.85     July. 
93     February. 

1886.  .October  
1887..Mar.-April.. 

.22%®   .35      January. 
.23%®  .31^4  December. 

L919*.January  
*  Jan.  1   to  Nov 

.54    © 

.83    July. 

In  accordance  with  an  order  issued  by  Mayor 
William    Hale    Thompson    May    8.    1915.    the 
American  flag  should  be  hoisted  on  the  build- 
ings under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  city  govern- 
ment on  all  election  days  and  on  the  follow- 
ing anniversaries: 
Feb.  12— Lincoln's  birthday. 
Feb.  15— Sinking  of  the  Maine. 
Feb.  22 — Washington's  birthday. 
Apr.  19— Battle  of  Lexington. 
May  30— Memorial  day. 
June  14— Flag  day. 
June  17— Battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 
July      4— Independence  day. 
Oct.      9— Chicago  day. 
Oct.  12 — Columbus  day. 
Oct.  17— Battle  of  Saratoga. 
'Oct.   19 — Surrender  of  Yorktown. 
Nov.  25— Evacuation  of  Yorktown. 

On  all  the  foregoing  dates  the  flag  should  be 
hoisted  at  full  mast,  with  the  exception  of 
Memorial  day  and  the  anniversary  of  the  sink- 
ing of  the  Maine,  when  it  should  be  at  half- 
mast.  The  hours  of  displaying  the  flag  are 
from  sunrise  to  sunset. 

DISTANCES 

FROM   MADISON   STREET   SOUTH. 
Twelfth  street.    1   mile. 
Twenty  Second  street.  2  miles. 
Thirty-First   street.    3    miles. 
Thirty-Ninth  street.   4  miles. 
Forty-Seventh   street.  5   miles. 
Fifty-Fifth  street.  6  miles. 
Sixty-Third  street.   7  miles. 
Seventy-First  street.  8  miles. 
Seventy-Ninth  street.  9  miles. 
Eighth-Seventh  street.  10  miles. 
Ninety-Fifth  street.   11  miles. 
One   Hundred   and  Third   street.   12  miles. 
One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  street,  13  mile*. 
One   Hundred   and   Nineteenth   street.    14   miles. 
One  Hundred  and  Twenty-Seventh  street,  IB  miles. 
fJlty  limits.  16%  miles. 

FROM   MADISON   STREET   NORTH. 
Chicago   avenue.    1    mile. 
North  avenue,   2  miles. 
Fullerton  avenue.  3   miles. 
Peltr.ont  avenue.  4  miles. 
Irving  Park  boulevard.  5  miles. 


FLAG    DISPLAY    DAYS    IN    CHICAGO. 


By  an  ordinance  passed  Feb.  5.  1917,  by  the 
Chicago  city  council,  the  playing  of  the  "Star 
Spangled  Banner"  in  public  places  in  any  way 
except  as  an  entire  and  separate  composition 
and  without  embellishments  of  national  or 
other  melodies  is  prohibited.  The  playing  of 
the  air  as  dance  music  or  for  an  exit  march 
is  also  prohibited.  Violation  of  the  ordinance 
by  proprietors  or  performers  is  punishable  by 

a  fine  of  $100.        

GARNISHMENT    LAW    OF   ILLINOIS. 

Section  14  of  the  act  of  1872  as  amended  in 
1897  and  1901  declares:  "The  wages  for 
services  of  a  wage  earner  who  is  the  head  of 
a  family  and  residing  with  the  same,  to  the 
amount  of  fifteen  ($15)  dollars  per  week, 
shall  be  exempt  from  garnishment.  All  above 
the  sum  of  fifteen  ($15)  dollars  per  week 
shall  be  liable  to  garnishment." 

Employers  are  obliged  to  pay  wages  amount" 
ing  to  $15  or  less,  notwithstanding  the  service 
of  a  writ  of  garnishment,  providing  the  person 
to  whom  wages  are  due  makes  affidavit  that 
he  is  the  head  of  a  family  and  is  living  with 
the  same. 

IN    CHICAGO. 

Lawrence   avenue.  6  miles. 
Bryn   Mawr  avenue.  7  miles. 
Devon  avenue.  8  miles. 
Touhy  avenue.   9  miles. 
City  limits.    9%  miles. 

FROM  STATE    STREET  VEST. 
Halsted  street.   1   mile. 
Ashland  boulevard.   S   miles. 
Western    avenue.    3    miles. 
Kedzie   avenue.   4  miles. 
Crawford  avenue,  5  miles. 
Cicero  avenue,  6  miles. 
Central   avenue.  7  miles. 
Rideeland  avenue.   8  miles. 
City  limits  (west  on  North  avenue).  9  miles. 

FROM   STATE    STREET   EAST. 
To  lake  on  22d  street,  %  mile. 
To  Cottage  Grove  avenue  on  31st  street, 
To  Cottage  Grove  avenue  south  of  39th  street, 

To  Stony  Island  avenue  on  65th.  2   miles. 

To  Yates  avenue,  sooth  of  71st  street,  3  miles. 

0 


I", 


ADVERTISEMENTS.  995 


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CHICAGO,  ILL. 

TELEPHONE— ALL  DEPARTMENTS— HARRISON   6280 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


CIRCULATION     OF     THE     CHICAGO    DAILY   NEWS   FOR    1919. 


DATE. 

~i 

Jan. 

Feb. 

March 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

I  ec. 

Holiday 
379,01! 
377.167 
351,411 
Sunday 
446.952 
390,358 
385.103 
384.812 
383.964 
354,826 
Sunday 
397.694 
390,953 
391,998 
389.345 
389,448 
356,639 
Sunday 
397.877 
394,  233 
393.983 
394.103 
391,795 
360.778 
Sunday 
398,725 
393.581 
393,221 
391,262 
388,818 

359,33. 
Sunday 
395.78 
391.44 
390,24 
388,71 
387.74 
358.706 
Sunday 
395.54 
392.038 
385.136 
389.276 
392.640 
358.290 
Sunday 
401,09:, 
394.727 
394,556 
387.331 
391.700 
340.835 
Sunday 
401.309 
418.4!tf 
404,717 
390.066 
384,450 

358,170 
Sunday 
396.234 
390.706 
390.554 
389.448 
389.27e 
365.552 
Sunday 
398.128 
395,315 
393.583 
392.341 
392.329 
357,160 
Sunday 
395.H94 
394.418 
393.158 
389.725 
388451 
358.851 
Sunday 
£9i>.3(« 
392.387 
389.:'.  3 
S89.026 
388.822 
360.088 
Sunday 
392.222 

466.724 
410.529 
388.360 
388.180 
355.418 
Sunday 
391,744 
387.840 
384,627 
383.651 
385,475 
354.621, 
Sunday 
382,991 
385.624 
384,941 
386.023 
381.127 
34^  741 

379,952 
383.326 
34H.742 
Sunday 
369.351 
384,306 
387.482 
385.200 
384.055 
352,877 
Sunday 
387.958 
384.556 
384,607 
382.864 
382.597 
352,258 
Sunday 
389,791 
390,319 
386.25S 
385,520 
384.21Q 
350.051 
Sunday 
389.417 
392.199 
382,899 
380,482 
264.196 
320,801 
0,080.248 
378.H42 

^ 
381,404 
379.082 
380.187 
377.433 
343.307 
Sunday 
381.986 
376.498 
372,994 
371.544 
371.744 
338,424 
Sunday 
376,943 
373.399 
371.156 
371.021 
370,730 
337U68 
Sunday 
387,Khl 
374.847 
374.006 
372.915 
386.009 
.350,721, 
Sunday4 
383,216 

384,456 
376,791 
371.397 
Holld'y 
311.057 
Sunday 
389051 
380.719 
379.303 
384.094 
377.748 
338.073 
Sunday 
379.796 
383,413 
381.362 
378.252 
379,012 
339,931 
Sunday 
401.635 
411.463 
377.^83 
379.540 
378.713 
345.55} 
Sundav 
418,303 
454,334 
441.612 
424.009 
9.961.994 
383,153 

437.540 
379.992 
Sunday 
401.198 
389,996 
388,349 
389,954 
391.348 
351,565 
Sunday 
396.882 
389.723 
383.733 
383.159 
38-1274 
346.116 
Sunday 
391.587 
388.100 
383.853 
380.907 
377.585 
343.43] 
Sunday 
386.(J!l 
382.8-  1( 
381.013 
380.213 
376.297 
340.319 
Sunday 

268.01)4 
386.052 
3H3.956 
379.632 
376,503 
314.734 
Sunday 
881.134 
380.979 
378,957 
380.423 
378,686 
3  15.603 
Sunday 
396.086 
391.1.94 
389.029 
333364 
384,305 
351.777 
Sunday 
400  (WO 
393.542 
392.41  J 
380.992 
379  731) 
349.868 
Sunday 
398,431 
389,753 

*9l>i)8.002 
373,000 

409.343 
40  .,«8:» 
409.394 
365.243 
Sunday 
409,290 
402.031 
400.263 
395.92; 
385,268 

355.ot  ;o 

Sunday 
391.858 
388.063 
388,047 
387,186 
392.821 
352,727 
Sunday 
391,087 
387.502 
387,972 
386,953 
385.630 
356.265 
Sunday 
396.  1  19 
391,545 
382.061 
389.276 
390.431 

356.212 
Sunday 
397.132 
396,44? 
37(1.  156 
381.5:4 
383.96b 
356.261 
Sunday 
395.373 
391,204 
S90.8-S7 
389.350 
3W.827 
359,307 
Sunday 
400.682 
392.957 
3J0.721 
389.84-'' 
390,716 
360.  163 
Sunday 
395.230 
391.837 
38.5,372 
Holiday 
i'90.534 
358,491 
Sunday 

The  omission  of  the  ci  rculation  figures  for  De- 
cember is  due  to  groingrto  press  before  the  end  of 
the  month.  The  circulation  for  the  entire  year  will 
be  ffiven  in  subsequent  editions  of  the  Almanac. 

2!:::::' 
4!!!! 

5  
4 

8.'".'.'.' 

1 

13.... 

it::::.:: 

16..... 
17  
18.... 

iy 

I?:::::::: 

22  
23.... 

Sunday 

3H8.S36 

?s3.:;:-r 

386.240 
283.970 
885.  427 
3*2.879 
Sunday 
3JK90B 
384,629 
383,393 

24.... 

8  

!?:::::::: 

28  
29  

31)  
31  



Total... 
Av'rage 

0.050.711 
386.566. 

9,231,746 

386.7391 

0,029.585 
385.753 

9,997,992 
384,538 

9.283.219 
371.5281 

9,905.657 
380.986 

10,461.626 
387.467 

9,186.406 
382,766 

Unsold  copies  are  deducted  in  the  totals. 

TOTAL  FOR  THE  TEAK  1919    (excluding  December) 107,943,181 

DAILY  AVERAGE  FOR  THE  YEAR  1919    (excluding-   December) 38J.421 

AVERAGE    DAILY    ISSUE    OF    THE    CHICAGO    DAILY    NEWS    FOR    EACH    MONTH 
FROM    THE    SECOND    YEAR    OF    ITS     PUBLICATION. 


June. 

Jmy.  )  AUJJ. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

AV  ge 

1877 

11,429 

14,841 

16,414 

~87403 

2U715 

22,769 

3n.3-X)|    25.366 

25.204 

23.312 

24,439 

26.715 

22.037 

1878 

28.406 

37,019 

37.736 

37.867 

38,348 

43,743 

4SV844      40,911 

39,371 

38.777 

39.380 

36.817 

38,314 

1879 

38,667 

41,346 

46.299 

46,608 

47.105 

49,428 

47.560      46.500 

44,571 

44,310 

44.992 

44,760 

45,194 

1880.  . 

48.891 

49,425 

49,874 

49.445 

53,834 

58.776 

56.049      60.623 

57.958 

58.506 

59.672 

54.473 

54,801 

18*l'.; 

57.7!:5 

62,965 

67.959 

69,305 

65,067 

63.832 

71.209      70.397 

68,551 

62.097 

58.100 

60,395 

64.870 

1882*  * 

61.679 

66,941 

66.058 

65.208 

65.193 

70,408 

73.078     70.456 

67,808 

63.907 

64.819 

64,399 

66,680 

1883 

67.278 

71,379 

77,153 

76,994 

77,462 

78.603 

78.177      79.423 

73.185 

71.863 

74.527 

74.919 

75,115 

3884!! 

76,877 

82,538 

86,828 

87,852 

88.645 

93,292 

91.231 

188.495 

86.221 

89.196 

107,429 

82,465 

88.306 

1885..  . 

84,119 

59,959 

98,029 

104,514 

100.802 

100.238 

108,823, 

101.329 

97,9)0 

96,817 

102,705 

102,497 

99,005 

1886.. 

104.197 

110,3% 

116.024 

117.869 

125,294 

113,471 

112.438 

117.H77 

109,,  28 

110.460 

115,  103 

110,148 

113,615 

1887.. 

114.022 

119,148 

123.040 

124.912 

118.743 

122,714 

126.92J 

132.178 

121.938 

122.659 

154,096 

122.419 

125,225 

520.657 

126,891 

137,123 

136.490 

135.921 

140.525 

128.897 

123,852 

113.894 

127  724 

131.777 

159098 

128,676 

1889 

120.947 

126,446 

130,828 

132.348 

131.378 

148,576 

142.653 

134.238 

130.016 

128.670 

135.527 

147.786 

134.059 

1890 

136.365 

141,885 

142,655 

143.633 

136.923 

130.414 

125.136 

125,190 

124.497 

120.304 

139,020 

130.85(1 

132,957 

1891 

136,926 

139.769 

144.467 

156.196 

141.953 

141,733 

141.858 

139.707 

138.025 

137.294 

140^24 

145.707 

142.022 

1892.'!' 

148.282 

155,402 

159,849 

162.563 

161.804 

169.096 

170,4:30 

166,259 

171.053 

163.626 

173.070 

168.430 

164.175 

1893... 

171.818 

180,019 

188,567 

191,933 

196,218 

202,267 

201,59! 

203,2.6 

190,481 

188,966 

192.575 

200.589 

192,495 

1894... 

206.3S8 

204.471 

207,590    206.285 

198.495 

195,865 

232.022 

194.071 

185.595 

186.070 

198  017 

197.256 

200881 

198.947 

207.246 

211.378    212.992 

205,732 

202.605 

201.378 

195.907 

193.311 

195.5(52 

202.553 

202.762 

202,496 

1896* 

208.781 

213,032 

216.542 

212.104 

209,945 

210.265    206.272 

193.853 

189.166 

190.700 

206.609 

200.479 

204.724 

18^7 

201.340 

208.779 

226.392 

231.396 

222.560 

217.707 

212.111 

219,557 

229,7(>3 

238.603 

228.113 

232.997 

222.595 

1898 

239065 

249.951 

260.222 

295.313 

338,695 

310.820 

298.526 

279.243 

262.061 

257.339 

25'.).OS5 

254.947 

275.514 

1899 

260.995. 

266.761 

267,597 

266,677 

253.148 

252,405 

249.243 

250.598 

250,564 

256681 

271.733 

269.975 

259,562 

1900  '.'.' 

279.219 

287.116 

288.389 

286.657 

275.427 

272,598 

262.081 

261.109 

268,278 

276.900 

280.789 

271.384 

275,788 

1901... 

281,609 

287.1131  292.285 

295.874 

283.297 

281.698 

275,910 

271.783 

304.780 

292.918 

295.635 

296,526 

2S8.15tf 

304.466 

309,198    310.385 

305.825 

300,007 

307.406 

301.915 

305.133 

299.(HJ7 

302.895 

303.883 

300,589 

304.218 

304.870 

310,033 

311.771 

311.374 

302-644 

306,306 

297,000 

294.147 

295.351 

301.732 

312.165 

319.518 

305.534 

321.898 

338,458 

338.784 

333.324 

320.867 

319,064 

310.249 

310.617 

309,431 

309.212 

314.616 

307.765 

319,539 

1905;;; 

315.800 

317.994 

325.024 

322,607 

325.373 

318.204 

306.335 

302,624 

301,714 

301.560 

305  211 

308,865 

312.637 

1906... 

318.373 

325,877 

328.589 

336,797 

320.312 

316,595 

313.428 

311.351 

309.372 

311.133 

313.521 

313.344 

318.185 

1907... 

322.586 

336.876 

337,125 

336.366 

324,524 

320.681 

312.069 

308.511 

310,822 

320136 

323.614 

324.845 

323.079 

334.006 

.  338,955 

343  8«« 

336.453 

324,474 

324.372 

314.569 

311.147 

313.850 

318.928 

326.050 

322.278 

325.674 

TQQO 

3-J8.925 

334,399 

337..MI9 

334.429 

325.791 

315.633 

311,885 

318.444 

321.928 

329.251 

324.682 

325.098 

1910 

332.374 

336,242 

838.410 

332.346 

881,200 

328.137 

316.951 

316.558 

316.844 

321.346 

315.828 

314.309 

325,028 

i9ii  ;;; 

317.628 

321.475 

321.645 

331,  087 

322  '.159 

320.932 

312.499 

318.408 

321.302 

329002 

328.226 

330.036 

322.838 

1912*.. 

334.364 

343.173 

348.415 

359.338 

*127.208 

•185.945 

•M87.218 

*203,950 

•229.159 

*276.338 

323.851 

347.536 

S42.875 

1913.. 

359.831 

366.575 

373.267 

364.840 

346.744 

342.786 

332.706 

334.317 

340.614 

354,044 

356.088 

358.090 

352.395 

1914... 

3(8,972 

368.496 

375.770 

390.974 

373,485 

367.038 

365,753 

403.071 

403.593 

406.090 

411.561 

401.342 

385,857 

1915... 

405.359 

415.897 

413,675 

410,784 

402,105 

407.287 

407.885 

403.355 

400.833 

409.210 

416.114 

413.095 

408808 

3916... 

431.860 

441  970 

443.427 

439.079 

426.181 

441,601 

426.940 

424.979 

428.925 

432.640 

458.570 

441.9.S1 

436.395 

1917... 

446.575 

468.246 

465.774 

479,450 

t408.875 

t371,524 

1874.572 

•»  361,320 

t3.T8.224 

t377.380 

t372.72S 

t403.691 

1918... 

376.(i08 

SSWWl 

386,775 

382.4S6 

370.548 

374.198 

370.833 

306.488 

374.56 

J{S7  479 

401.824 

370,586 

1  379,008 

1919... 

3S6.fr  i5 

386.739 

385.753 

334,538 

373.342 

371.528 

383.153 

380.986 

373.000 

JS7J4K7 

3*2.766 

Ti  

•The  daily  a\  raere  for  1912  is  based  on  the  six  months  not  affected  by  the  strike  in  the 
mechanical  departments  of  all  the  Chicago  newspapers — the  months  of  January.  February, 
March.  April.  November  and  December.  fPrice  increased  from  1  to  2  cents  on  May  14,  1917. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


997 


Capacity  4,000  Barrels  Per  Day 

B.  A.  Eckhart  Milling  Co. 

B.   A.   Eckhart,   Pres.   and   Treas. 
T.   W.   Brophy,  Jr.,   Secretary 

Merchant  Millers 

1300  to  1332  Carroll  Avenue 

Our  mill  is  the  finest  equipped  and  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world. 
We  are  producing  daily  4,000  barrels  of  the  very  highest  grades  of 
flour  that  can  be  manufactured  from  Hard  Spring  Wheat,  Hard  Win- 
ter Wheat,  Soft  Winter  Wheat  and  Rye. 

B.  A.  Eckhart's  "Daddy  Dollar"  Patent  Flour 

Cable  address  "Eckhart" 


The  Old  Reliable. 


Shirts 

Underwear 

Hosiery 

Clothing 

Neckwear 

Handkerchiefs 

Raincoats 

Ladies*  and 

Children's 

Garments 


Established   1882 


Our  Own  Building 


Lowest  Prices  Always. 


Dress  Goods 

Silks 

Wash  Goods 

Linens 

Lace  Curtains 

Laces 

Embroideries 

Ribbons 

Notions,  Etc. 


Wholesale  General  Merchandise 

828   TO   838  ROOSEVELT   ROAD 

Formerly  West  Twelfth  Street  (Cor.  Newberry  Avenue) 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 


998 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 


OF   THE    FIRST   THIRTY-FIVE    VOLUMES     (1885  TO    1919   INCLUSIVE)    OF   THE 
CHICAGO    DAILY   NEWS   ALMANAC   AND    YEAR-BOOK. 

NOTE — The  figures  following1  the  year  are  the 

page  numbers  of  that  volume. 

Complete  sets  of  THE  DAILY  NEWS  ALMANAC 

AND  YEAS-BOOK  from  the  year   1885   to   1920 

inclusive  can  be  supplied  for  $25.00.  transpor- 
tation prepaid.  The  first  five  issues  for  the 

years   1885.    1886.    1887.    1888    and   1889  are 

bound   in    one    volume,    half    morocco,    library 

style.     This  volume  is  sold  only  to  purchasers 

of  complete  sets.     A  complete  set  embraces  the 

library   volume   and    a    cloth   bound   issue   for 

each  succeeding  year. 

Single  cloth  bound  copies  can  be  bought  for 

the    years    1892    to    1920.    except    for    1893. 

1905.    1906.    1908.    1913,    1915    and    1916,    at 

the  rate  of  50  cents  each,  transportation  pre- 
paid. Single  paper  covered  copies  can  be  sup- 
plied for  each  year  from  1886  to  1903,  ex- 
cept 1889.  1892,  1896,  1897  and  1899,  for  25 

cents  each  at   the  office  of  publication,  or  35 

cents  by  mail. 

Orders  should  be  addressed  to  THE  DAILY 

NEWS  office.  15  North  Wells  street.  Chi- 
cago. 111. 

Abbreviations— 1915.  165:  1916.  213:  1917. 
44,  and  in  succeeding1  volumes. 

Abdul  Hamid  Deposed— 1910.  212. 

Absent  Voting  Law— 1918.  613. 

Abyssinia — In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Academy  of  Arts  and  Letters.  American— 1913. 
402.  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Academy.  French— 19Q-,  132.  and  in  succeed- 
ing1 volumes. 

Academy  of  Sciences — In  each  volume  since 
1903. 

Acapulco  Theater  Fire— 1910.  152. 

Accidents.  First  Aid  in— 1914.  552. 

Accidents,  Football — In  each  volume  since  1911. 

Accidents,  Fourth  of  July — In  each  volume 
since  1904. 

Accidents.  Hunting1  — In  each  volume  from 
1910  to  1918. 

Actors'  Fund— 1902.  422:  1903.  380. 

Actors'  Stage  Names— 1889.  186. 

Adams.  J.  G.  B..  Sketch— 1894.  64. 

Adamson  Railroad  Act— 1917.  239.  423:  1918. 

Addams.  Jane.  Sketch— 1910.  391. 
Administrative  Act.  Illinois— 1918.  598:  1919. 

817. 

Adventists— See  Religious  Statistics. 
Aeronautical   Progress— In   each   volume   since 

1909. 

Afghanistan — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Africa  Explorations— 1891.  318. 
Africa.  Partition— 1899.  100. 
Age  of  Presidents  at  Inauguration— 1886.  16. 
Age.  When  a  Man  Is  of— 1889.  188. 
Agricultural  Extension  Law — 1915.  288. 
Agriculture,  Statistics — In  each  volume. 
Agriculture  vs.  Manufactures — 1898,   104. 
Agninaldo.    E.— 1900.    225:    1901.    260:    1902. 

Aid  Given  Chicago  in  1871—1904.  387. 

Ailes.  M.  E..  Sketch— 1902.  99. 

Air.  Danger  of  Foul— 1889.  162. 

Aircraft  Production— 1918.  536:  aircraft  in- 
vestigation, 1919.  563. 

Airship.  Santos-Dumont's— 1907.  251. 

Airships.  Military— 1908.  130. 

Airship,  Wellman — See  Wellman  Expedition. 

Aisne,  Battle  of— 1915.  455. 

Akron   (Balloon)   Disaster— 1913.  266. 

Alaska — In  each  volume  since  1907. 

Alaska— Boundary  Dispute  —  1896,  79:  1898. 
257  (map  256):  Purchase.  1901.  134: 
Award.  1904,  135. 

Alaska  Coal  Leases— 1915.  289. 

Alaska.  Prohibition  in— 1918.  50. 

Alaska  Railroads— 1915,  288:  1916.  114. 


Alaska  Territory  Organized— 1913.  188. 
Alaska-Yukon-Pacific   Exposition  —  1907.  470: 

1908.  390:   1909.  408:  1910.  326. 
Albania— 1915,  43;  1916,  161. 
Alcohol  in  Beverages— 1891,  102. 
Aldermen,  Board  of — In  each  volume. 
Aldrich -Payne  Tariff— 1910.  37. 
Aldrich-Vreeland  Law— See  Currency  Reform. 
Alexander.  E.,  Sketch— 1894,  60. 
Alfonso    XIII.— 1903,    13.    236:    Attempts    to 

Assassinate.  1906.  166:  1907.  26:  1914.  142. 
Algeciras  Conference — 1907,  85. 
Algrer,  R.  A..  Sketch— 1898.  201:  1903.  234. 
Algeria — In  each  volume  since  1906. 
Alien  Land  Owning— 1896.  81. 
Alien  Property  Custodian— 1918.  476.  488. 
Allee.  J.  H.,  Sketch— 1904.  202. 
Allen,  C.  H..  Sketch— 1901.  249. 
Allen.  Frederick  I..  Sketch— 1902.  99. 
Allen,  H.  N..  Sketch— 1898.  206. 
Allen  Labor  Law  in  Arizona  Void— 1916.  82. 
Allied  Third  Party— 1002.  108. 
Allison,  William  B..  Sketch— 1903.  234. 
Alloys.  Principal— 1892.  155. 
Altgeld.  Gov..  to  Cleveland— 1895.  82.  84. 
Alumni  Associations,  Chicago— In  each  volume 

since  1903. 

Alvey.  R.  H..  Sketch— 1897.  158. 
America  Cup  Races— 1894.  35b;  1896.  376; 

1899  and   succeeding  volumes. 
America,  Discovery — 1894,  199. 
America  Enters  Great  War— 1918,  377. 
American-French  Arbitration — 1909.  220. 
American-French  Reciprocity— 1909.  37. 
American    Institutions,     League     to    Protect— 

1893.  185:  1894.  110. 
American-Japanese    Agreement  —  1909.    404: 

1912.  98:  as  to  China,  1918.  276. 
American  Wealth— 1915.  281. 
Ames.  A.  A.,  Trial— 1904.  245. 
Amundsen.     Roald.     Expedition  — 1907.     246: 

1910.   331:    1911.   175:    1912.   210:   Reaches 

South  Pole.  1913,  148;  1915,  338. 
Anarchists.  Law  to  Exclude— 1919.  493. 
Anarchy— 1902.  108,  110.  Ill;  1909.110.215. 

282:  1912.  215. 

Ancona.  Sinking  of— 1916,   339. 
Anderson.  W.  F..  Sketch— 1909.  332. 
Andrew.  A.  P..  Sketch— 1911.  333. 
Angrell,  J.  B..  Sketch— 1898.  204. 
Anglo-American  Peace  Centenary — 1916.  114. 
Anglo-Boer  War— 1900,   123;    1901,    104.   119: 

1902.  Ill,  217:  1903.  210. 
Anglo-French  Treaty— 1905,  176. 
Anglo-Japanese    Alliance  —  1903.    145;    1906. 

127:  1912,  130. 

Ang-lo-Russian  Treaty— 1908.  339. 
Ankeny.  Levi,  Sketch— 1904.  202. 
Annuity  Tables— 1915.  39.  and  in  succeeding 

volumes. 
Anti-Imperialist     League  — 1900.     123;     1901. 

104.  119. 

Antinarcotic  Act— 1916,   236. 
Antiquities.    American— 1911.    87:    1912.    101. 

and  in  succeeding-  volumes. 
Antitipping-  Legislation— 1916,  4^9. 
Antitrust  Conference— 1900.   122. 
Aoki,  Ambassador,  Recalled — 1908.  395. 
Apostles,  Fate  of— 1888,   128. 
Appam  Case— 1917,  500;  1918.  551. 
Apportionment,  Congressional — In  each  volume 

since  1891. 

Appropriations  by  Congress — See  Expenditures. 
Appropriations,  Chicago — In  each  volume  since 

1904. 
Appropriations,  Cook  County — In  each  volume 

since  1903. 
Appropriations,     Illinois  — 1904,     429:      1907. 

395:  1909,  431.  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Aqueduct,  Great,  in  Australia— 1904.  16. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME   SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Aqueducts.  Greatest— 1916.  138. 
Aquidaban,  Loss  of— 1907.  101. 
Arabic.   Sinking  of— 1916.  339. 
Arbitration  Laws  of  States— 1895.  90. 
Arbitration    Treaties— 1905.    123:    1909.    220: 

1912.  477.'  1913.  190:  1914.  129:  1915,469. 
Archbald  Impeachment— 1913.  490:  1914.  201. 
Arctic    and    Antarctic    Explpration— 1892.    39; 

1902,  156,  and  in  succeeding-  volumes. 

Area,  Chicago,  Growth  of— In  each  volume 
since  1908. 

Areas.  Comparisons  (Maps)— 1894.  216. 

Area.  United  States— 1902.  86,  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Argentina  and  Germany— 1918.  501.  % 

Argentina— In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Arizona.    Admission   of— 1911.   42:    1912.    73; 

1913.  377. 

Arizona.  Constitution— 1912.  77. 

Armenia  and  Turkey— 1897.  130. 

Armenians,  Massacre  of— 1910,  196:  1911.  71: 
1916.  328. 

Armies  of  Great  Powers— 1894.  125:  1896. 
232:  1899.  97;  1902.  222.  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes 

Armistice  Terms  (World  War)— 1919.  456. 
624 

Armor  Plant.   Government— 1917.  230. 

Army  Camps— 1918.  478. 

Army.  1st  American— 1919.  497. 

Army  Law  of  1916—1917.  204. 

Army  Law,  Volunteer— 1915.  284. 

Army  Lists — In  all  volumes  from  1886. 

Army  Officers,  Where  Born— 1899.  126. 

Army  Organization  — 1902.  195:  1904.  184; 
1905.  160;  1906.  173;  1909.  143:1918.480. 

Army  Staff  Law— 1904.  185. 

Army.  United  States,  Strength— In  each  volume 
since  1897. 

Around  World  in  Forty  Days— 1912,  108. 

Art  Commission.  Chicago— 1904,  377:  1905. 
390:  1906.  411. 

Art  Commission.  State— 1910.  441:  1912.  502. 
and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Art  Galleries.  Leading— 1911.  76.  and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Art  Institute — In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Art  League.  Municipal— In  each  volume  since 
1904. 

Ashurst,   H.  F.,  Sketch— 1913.   387. 

Asphalt  Dispute.  Venezuelan— 1906.  149. 

Assassinations— 1897.  251:  1902.  110:  1905. 
143:  1909.  132.  172:  1914.  138:  1915.  64. 
368. 

Assessments,    Chicago— In   each   volume   since 

Assessments,   Cook   County  — In  each  volume 

since  1891. 

Assessments.  Digesl^-1894,  48:  1895.  147. 
Assessments.    Illinois  —  In   each   volume   since 

1908. 

Assessments  of  Corporations— 1902,  429 
Associated  Press— In  each  volume  since     90  . 
Associations.    National— In   each   volume  since 

1902. 

Asylums,  Chicago— In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Athletic  Federation.  International— 1914,  393. 
Atlanta    (Ga.)   Race  War— 1907.  242. 
Atlantic  City  Disaster— 1907.  264. 
Atlantic  Fisheries  Dispute— 1911.  69. 
Atrocities  in  European  War— 1915.  448;  1916, 

350. 

Auditorium,  Chicago — 1891,  350. 
Australia,    Commonwealth  — 1892,    61.    and   in 

each  volume  since  1902. 
Austria-Hungary.     Abdication     of     Emperor— 

1919,  oo9. 
Austria-Hungary   and   Submarine   War  — 1918. 

Austria-Hungary,  Death  of  Emperor  of — 1917. 

469. 

Austria-Hungary— In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Austria-Hungary,  U.  S.  Declares  War  on— 1918. 

464.   466:   1919.   327. 
Austrian  Armistice— 1919.  457. 
Austro-Serbian  Dispute— 1910,  126. 


Authors.  Society  of  Midland— 1916.  643. 
Autocracy,  Russian.  Surrendered— 1906.  311. 
Automobile  Bandits.  French— 1913,  155. 
Automobiles— 1902.  66.  306:  1903.  269;  1908. 

158.  472. 

Automobiles.  Rules  of  Road— 1916.  643. 
Avezzano  Earthquake— 1916.  49. 
Aviation   (Army)   Law— 1915.  286. 
Aviation    Fatalities  — 1912.    364;    1913.    322: 

1914.  395:  1915,  321:  1916.  463:  1917.  390; 

in  war.  1919.  557. 
Aviation — See  Aeronautical  Progress. 
Aylesworth.  A.  B..  Sketch— 1904.  205. 
Bacon.  Robert,  Sketch— 1906,  298. 
Badges,  Army.  Navy— 1919.  509. 
Baer.  George  F..  Sketch— 1903.  238. 
Bailey.    Joseph    W..    Sketch— 1902.    99:    1908. 

353. 

Baker,  L..  Sketch— 1894.  60:  1896.  89. 
Baker,    N.   D.,   Made  Secretary   of  War— 1917. 

202;   visits  Europe.   1919.  516. 
Baku  Riots— 1906.  311. 
Balfour,  A.  J..  Sketch— 1903.  236. 
Balkan-Bulgarian  War— 1914.  130.  226. 
Balkan  Crisis— 1909.  318. 
Balkan-Turkish   War— 1913.    391:    1914.    130. 

225. 
Ballinger-Pinchot    Controversy  —  1911.    311; 

1912.  225. 

Ballinger,  R.  A.,  Sketch— 1908.  353;  1910.  33. 
Ball,  Lewis  H..  Sketch— 1904,  202. 
Ballooning— 1903.  149:  1908.  130:  1909.  153; 

1913,  320;    1914.    396.    and   in   succeeding 
volumes. 

Ballot    Reform— 1892.    51:    1910.    276:    1912. 

88,  91,  93. 

Ball  Teams.  World's  Tour— 1915.  303. 
Ballot,  Short — 1912,  91. 
Baltimore  Fire — 1905,  169. 
Banana  Trade — 1903,   272. 
Bangor  (Me.)  Fire — 1912,  129. 
Bank  Clearings — In  each  volume. 
Bank  Failures— 1902.  338:  1903.  286. 
Bank  Guaranty,  Kansas — 1910.  123. 
Bank  Guaranty  Laws   Legal — 1912,    181. 
Bank  Guaranty,  Nebraska — 1910,   125. 
Bank  Guaranty.  Oklahoma— 1909,  .106. 
Bank  Notes,  Life  of — 1899,  305. 
Banks,  British   Postoffice — 1902,    109. 
Banks,  Chicago — In  each  volume  since  1891. 
Banks,  Federal    Reserve — 1915,    591.    and    in 

succeeding  volumes. 

Banks,  National — In  each  volume  since  1891. 
Banks,   Savings-T1894,   395:   1898.   280:  1901, 

288,  309  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Baptists — See  Religious  Statistics. 
Barbers,  Registration  of.  Illinois— 1910.  441. 
Bard,    T.   R.,    Sketch — 1901,    246. 
Barker-Keller  Trial — 1902,    107. 
Barker,    Wharton.    Sketch— 1899,    222;    1901. 

243. 

Barnes-Roosevelt   Libel   Case — 1916,    100. 
Barometer  Table— 1906,    191:    1908.   269.   and 

in  succeeding-  volumes. 
Barton,  Clara,  Death  of — 1913.  116. 
Bashford,  James  W.,  Sketch — 1905,  206. 
Bates,  J.  C.,  Sketch — 1899,   229. 
Bathtub    Trust    Suit — 1914,    398. 
Battle    Ship    Fleet    Cruise — 1909,    219:    1910. 

260:   1911,    162. 
Battles.  American— 1919.  329. 
Battles  in   World  War— 1918.  551:  1919.   646. 
Bavaria,   King   of,    Deposed — 1914,   276;    died, 

1917,  406. 

Bayard,  T.  F.,  Sketch — 1894,  59. 
Beach,  Mrs.  David,  Walk  by — 1913,  67. 
Beattie  Murder  Case — 1912,  562. 
Beaubien,   Alexander,    Death  of — 1908,    62. 
Beaupre,    A.    M.,    Sketch — 1904,    206. 
Becker,  Charles  A.,  Execution— 1916,  474. 
Beef  Trust  Cases— 1904,  95:  1906,  350;  1907, 

262 
Beer— 1891,  75:  1892,   110:  1893.  51:   1894, 

Beers.   Alfred  B.,   Sketch — 1913.  387. 
Beiliss  Trial — 1914,  419. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLU3IE  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1000 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Belgian   Deportations  —  1917,    482:    1918,    504 

Belgian  War  Mission  to  U.  S.  —  1918.  527.  571 

Belgium  —  In    each    volume    since    1902. 

Belgium,  Liberation  of—  1919.   674. 

Belgium,    Political    Strike   in  —  1914,    295. 

Belleau  Wood.  Battle  of—  1919.  569. 

Bells,   Great  —  18»y,    178. 

Bender   Murders  —  1909.    282. 

Benedict    XV.,    Pope,    Election   of  —  1915,    236. 

Benevolent  Institutions  —  1907,  64. 

Bennington   Disaster  —  1906,    162. 

Benson,    Alfred    W.,    Sketch—  1907,    272. 

Bentley.  C.  E.,  Sketch—  1897.  156. 

Bergen    (Norway)    Fire  —  1917,   85. 

Berger,    V.   L..    Sketch  —  1911,    333. 

Bering  Sea  Dispute—  1893.    65;    1894.  37. 

Berlin.    Wreck   of   the  —  1908,    169. 

Bernstorff   as   Briber—  1918.    501;    Given   Pass- 

ports. 1918.  382;  Propaganda,  1919.   673. 
Berry,   Joseph   H.,    Sketch  —  1905.    206. 
Berry.    William    H..    Sketch  —  1906.   300. 
Bessey.   Charles   E..    Sketch  —  1912.   404. 
Beverages,  Alcohol  in—  1891.  102. 
Beveridge.    A.    J..    Sketch  —  1900,    126. 
Bialystok    Massacre  —  1907,    270. 
Bible  —  1887,   13;    1894.  212;   1902.   156. 
Bibles.   The   Seven  —  1889.    53. 
Bickerdyke  Memorial  —  1904.    363. 
Bicycle  Industry  —  1908.    158. 
Bidwell.    J..    Sketch—  1893,    62;    Letter.    1893. 

166. 

Bigelow  Defalcation  —  1906,   343. 
Billboard    Decision  —  1918.    239. 
Billings.  Frank.    Sketch—  1903.   237. 
Bimetallism  —  1894,     101;     1898.     262;     1899, 

154;   1900.   122. 

Binghamton    (N.    Y.)    Fire  Horror  —  1914.    37. 
Bird  Census  —  1916.   39. 
Bird  Reserves  —  1911.    173;    1912.    246;    1913, 

352;  1914.  41.  42;   1916.  222. 
Birds.   Cage  —  1908.    59. 
Birds  of   Illinois  —  1909,    174. 
Birth  and  Death  Rate—  1901.    137;    1903.   93. 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 


Birth    Stone 
volumes. 


1909,    273.    and    in    succeeding 


Births  per  Hour  and  Minute—  1909.  63:   1910. 

94. 

Bissell,  W.  S..   Sketch  —  1894,  58. 
Bjornson.  B..  Death  of—  1911.  68. 
Black,  John  C..  Sketch  —  1904.  206;  1911.  182. 
Black    River   Falls    Flood  —  1912.    394. 
Blackburn.  J.  C.  S..  Sketch—  1901.  246. 
Blacklisting-   by   Britain  —  1017.    5?1  . 
Blanc.  Mont.  Capture  of—  1919.  570. 
Blanchard.    N.   C..    Sketch  —  1895.    105. 
Bleriot  Flies  Over  Enerlish  Channel  —  1910,  283. 
Blind  and  Deaf  in  Chicago—  1905.  433;   1910. 

510. 

Bliss.  C.  N.,  Sketch  —  1898,  202. 
Blizzard  in  Chicago—  1919.  952. 
Bluefields  Incident  —  1895.  233. 
Blue    Sky   Legislation  —  1914.   408;    1918.    40. 

611. 

Bokhara  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Bolivia  —  In   each   volume    since    1902. 
Boll   Weevil,    Ravages   of  —  1915.    174. 
Bolo  Pasha  Treason  Case  —  1919.   477. 
Bolsheviki.    Rise    of—  1918.    512:    1919.    469. 

656. 

Bomb  Explosion.  Chicago—  1919.  85. 
Bombing  Crews,  Training  of—  1919.  677. 
Bonaparte,  C.  J..   Skeich  —  1906,  298. 
Bond   Bill  —  1897.    111. 
Bond    Syndicate  —  1896.    191. 
Bonds.  Illinois  Rord.  Vote  —  1919.  289. 
Bonds.  Liberty—  1918.  523:   1919,  367.  388. 
Book,    Smallest   in   Work'  —  190'2.   65. 
Books.  Most  Popular  —  1902.  218. 
Books   Produced  in   1901  —  1903.    118. 
Books.  Rare,  of  the  World  —  1902.  186;  1908. 

217. 

Books.   Record  Prices  for  —  1912,   172. 
Borah,  W.  E.,  Sketch  —  1908.  353. 
Borax.   Source  of  —  1918.    111. 
Borden,  R.  L.,  Sketch  —  1912.  404. 


Borden-Lane   Expedition  —  1917.    167. 
Borup-Alacmiilan  Expedition  —  1912,  210. 
Bosnia,  Annexation  of  by  Austria  —  1909,  318. 
bosschieter   Trial  —  1902,    107. 
boston  Light  Anniversary  —  1917,  353. 
Botties,  Drift  of  Floating  —  1902,  64. 
boulevard    Link,    Chicago  —  1915,    602;    1916, 

675;   1917,   543;   1918,   689. 
Bouievards  —  See  Chicago  Parks  and  Boulevards. 
Bourne,  J.,   Sketch  —  1908,  353. 
Boutell.  H.  S..  Sketch  —  1912.  404. 
Bowen.  W.  H.,  Sketch—  1904,   204. 
Bowers,  L.   W.,   Sketch  —  1910,   391. 
Boxer  Indemnity  —  1908,  191;  1909.  163. 
Boxers,  The  —  1901.  269. 
Bcxes.  Capacity—  1889.  189. 
boycott,  Chinese  —  1906,  351. 
Boycotting   (Danbury  case)  —  1909.  256;  1916, 

Boycotting    (Buck  Stove  Co.  case)  —  1912.  64: 

1914,  444;  1915.  337;  1916,  253;  1917. 

328:   1918,  584:   1919.   764. 
Boy  Sr-out  Movement  —  1912,  478;  1913.  418; 

1914,  560;   191^.   197. 
Boyertown    (Pa.)   Fire—  1909.  260. 
Bradley,  W.  O.,  Sketch  —  1896,  93;  1909.  322. 
Brady.    James   H..    Sketch—  1914,   256. 
Braga,  T  .  Sketch—  1911.  333. 
Bragg,    E.    S..    Sketch  —  1903.    235. 
Brandegee.     Frank     B.,     Sketch  —  1906.     297: 

1910,  391. 

Brazil  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Bread.  Cost  of  —  1917,   398. 
Breckinridge,  C.   R.,   Sketch  —  1895.   105. 
Breckinridge,   J.   C.,   Sketch  —  1899.  227. 
Brennan's    Monora;l  —  1908.    243. 
Brest-Litovsk  Treaty—  1919.  464. 
Briand.    Attempt   to  Kill  —  1912,   213. 
Briceville  Mine  Disaster  —  1912.  497. 
Bridge   Disaster,   Quebec  —  1908,    398. 
Bridge,  Memorial  —  1914,.  238. 
Bridge.  Memphis—  1918.  74. 
Bridles.    Great—  1898.    245:    1903.    193;    1905. 

102;   1909.   264;    1918.   74.   152. 
Bridges,  New   York  —  1909.   246. 
Bridges,  Robert.   Sketch  —  1914.  256. 
Briggs,   F.   O..   Sketch  —  1908.   353. 
Briquets.  Fuel—  1917.  62:  1919.  162. 
Bristol.  F.  M..  Sketch  —  1909.  312. 
Britain's  Part  in   the   War—  1919.   660. 
British-American    Military    Treaty—  1919.    692. 
British  Budget  Dispute  —  1910.  431. 
British  War  Mission  —  1918.   527. 
Brodhead.  J.  O..  Sketch—  1894.  60. 
Brodie.  Alexander  O.,  Sketch  —  1902,  99. 
Brokers'  Technicalities  —  1893.   75. 
Brooke,   J.   R..   Sketch  —  1899.   227. 
Broom    Corn   Production  —  1907.    470. 
Broussard,  R.  F  .  Sketch  —  1913.  388. 
Broward.   N..   Sketch  —  1911.   333. 
Brown.  Arthur.  Sketch—  1911.  160. 
Brown,  Elmer   E.,   Sketch  —  1907.   272. 
Brown.   George  N..  Sketch  —  1902.  99. 
Brown,   Norris.   Sketch  —  1908.    353. 
Brown,  W.  C.,   Sketch  —  1910.   391. 
Brownsville  Affair  —  1910.  65. 
Brussels    Exposition   Fire  —  1911.    52. 
Bryan,  C.   P,    Sketch—  1898.   206;    1904,   204. 
Bryan.  N.   P.,   Sketch—  1912.   404. 
Bryan.  W,  James,    Sketch  —  1909.   3<?2 
Bryan,  W.  J.,   Sketch  —  1897.   154;   1901.  242  •. 

1909.  321:  1914.  35:  Resignation  of  as  Sec- 

retary of  State.   1916.   334. 
Bryan's  New  York  Speech  —  1908.   80. 
Bubonic  Plague  in  India  —  1906.  76. 
Buchtel,  Henry  A.,   Sketr-h  —  1907,  273. 
Buck,  A.  E..  Sketch  —  1898.  205. 
Buck's    Stove    Company    Boycott  —  1910.    275 

(see  Bovcottin?>. 

Buckner.   S.  B  ..  Sketch  —  1897.   157. 
Plan.  Taft  —  1914,  12 


. 

Buffalo.  American—  1903.   260:    1919.   202. 
.  F. 


Cody. 


Bill.   Depth— S»«  W, 
.  pints  fo^— i  387.  7. 
,,._-.  Tp"est — 1903.  102:  1908.  105. 
Buildings.    High,    in    New    York — 1906.    348: 
FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


1001 


1913,  225,  and  in  succeeding-  volumes. 
Buildings,    Notable,    Chicago  —  1910,    515,    and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Bukharest's    Population  —  1902,    218. 
Bulgaria  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Bulgaria  in  European  War  —  1916,  320. 
Bulgarian  Armistice—  1919.  456. 
Bulgarian-Balkan  War  —  1914,  130,   226. 
Bulgarian  Independence  Proclaimed  —  1909,  318. 
Bulkeley,  Morgan  G.,   Sketch  —  1906,  297. 
Bullard.  B.  L..  Sketch—  1919.  652. 
Burian.  Baron  von.  Peace  Views—  1919.  444. 
Burke.    John,    Sketch  —  1911,    333;    1914,    256. 
Burkett,  Elmer  J.,   Sketch  —  1906,  297. 
Burleigh,   E.  C.,  Sketch  —  1914,  256. 
Burleson.  A.  S.,  Sketch—  1914.  35. 
Burnham,  D.   H.,   Death   of  —  1913,   225. 
Burnham,  Henry  E.,  Sketch  —  1902,  99;  1908, 

353. 

Burr,  William  H.,  Sketch  —  1905.  205. 
Burrows,   J.   C.,    Sketch—  1896.    89. 
Burt,  William,  Sketch  —  1905,  23. 
Burton.  C.  G.,  Sketch—  1908.  353. 
Burton,  Joseph  B.—  1902.   99. 
Burton.  T.  E.,  Sketch—  1910.  391. 
Bushel    Weights,    Statutory  —  In    each    volume 

since  1905. 

Bushnell,  A.  S.,  Sketch  —  1896,  93. 
Business  Houses,  Old  Chicago—  1917.  641,  and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 

Butler,  Marion,  Sketch—  1896,  90;   1899,  228. 
Butler,  N.  M.,  Sketch  —  1903,  2  J7. 
Cabinets,  United  States  —  In  each  volume  since 

1901. 

Cable  Control  by  Government—  1919.  535. 
Cables  of  the  World  —  1903,   102;   1904,   136; 

1907.  86:  1908.  42. 
Caceres,  President,  Killed—  1912.  482. 
Cacti,   Spineless,   Lands   for  —  1913,    189. 
Caffery,  D.,   Sketch  —  1901,   246. 
Caillaux   Treason  Case—  1919.   479. 
Calabria.    Earthquakes    in—  1906,    319;    1911. 

86. 

Cambrai,  Battle  of—  1918.  548. 
Camden,   J.   N.,   Sketch  —  1894,   64. 
Caminetti,  A.,   Sketch  —  1914,  256. 
Camp  Names,   Source  of  —  1918,  480. 
Campaign  Contributions  —  1912,  69;  1913,  541. 
Campaign,  National,  in  1912  —  1913.  399. 
Campbell,  E.  K..  Sketch—  1914,  256. 
Campbell,  T.  L.,  Sketch  —  1901,  249. 
Camps.  Army—  1918,  478. 

Samps,   Internment  —  1918,   532. 
anada  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Canada-American   Military   Treaty—  1919,    692. 
Canada  Dairy  Industries  —  1914.   158. 


Canada's  Part  in  the  War—  1919.  665. 
Canadian-American  Commission  —  1899, 


159. 


Canadian  Beciprocity  —  1912,   67. 
Canadian  Sunday  La  ^--1907,    192. 
Canal,  Drainage  —  See  Sanitary  District. 
Canal,  Hennepin,    Opened  —  1908,    231;    1911, 

94;  1912,  121. 
Canal,  New  York  State  —  In  each  volume  since 

1909. 
Canal,  Panama  —  1892.    60;    1900,    115;   1901. 

280,  298;  Treaty,  1902,  331;  Bill  for.  1903, 

145;   1904,  250.   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Canal.  Panama,    Fortifications    of  —  1912,    66: 

Tolls  fixed,   1913,   182    (Panama  canal  act). 
Canal,  Panama,  Tolls  Act  —  1914,  219. 
Canal,   Suez  —  1904,  15. 
Canalejas  Assassinated  —  1913,  421. 
Canals  and  Bivers  —  1899,  273;  1900.  118,  140. 
Canals,  Great     Ship  —  1903,    17,     and    in    suc- 

ceeding volumes. 
Canals  in  the  United  States  —  In  each  volume 

since  1909. 

Cannon,  F.  J.,  Sketch  —  1897,  160. 
Canonsburg    (Pa.)    Disaster  —  1912,  252. 
Canteen,  Army  —  1901,   160. 
Cantonments.    National   Army  —  1918.   *79. 
Cape   of   Good  Hope  —  1906,    124;    1909,    183; 

1910,  192. 
Capital  Issues  Committee—  1919.  365. 


Capital.  National  —  1899,  181;  1900,  93;  1909. 

Capital    Punishment  —  1906,    136;    1907.    55; 

1908,  32;  1909,  268;  1910,  168;  1911,  136; 

1912,  152;  1913,  210  (effect  on  homicides)  ; 

1914,  295,  and  in  succeeding-  volumes. 
Capital   Stock  Assessment  —  1906,   390. 
Capitol  in  Washington  —  1908,   63;  1909.   124. 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Car,  Capacity  —  1887,  17. 
Car  Ferry.   Wreck—  1911,   345;  Largest,   1914. 

140. 

Cardinals  —  See  Beligrious  Statistics. 
Carlisle,  J.  G.,   Sketch  —  1894,  57. 
Carlos  I.  Assassinated  —  1909,  132. 
Carlos,  Don,   Death  of  —  1910,   179. 
Carmack,  Edward  W..  Sketch  —  1902,  99. 
Carnegie,  Andrew,  Gifts—  1902,  68;  1904,  250: 

1905.  240. 

Carnegie  Corporation  —  1912,   407. 
Carnegie  Foundation  —  In    each    volume    since 

1906. 
Carnegie  Hero    Fund  —  In    each    volume    since 

1905. 
Carnegie    Institution  —  In    each    volume    since 

Carnegie  Libraries—  1910,    218. 

Carnegie  Peace  Fund  —  1911,  451:  1912,  99. 

Carr,  Gen.  E.  A.,  Sketch  —  1893,  63. 

Carranza  Government   Becognized  —  1916,  301. 

Carrel.  Alexis—  1913,   388. 

Carrizal,  Fight  at  —  1917,  537. 

Carroll.   George  W.,   Sketch  —  1905,  203. 

Cartago  Earthquake  —  1911,    140. 

Carter,  G.  B.,  Sketch  —  1904,  204. 

Carter,  T.  H.,  Sketch  —  1896,  89;  1906,  297. 

Casablanca  Decision—  1912,  99. 

Casement,  Sir  Roger,  Execution—  1917.  481. 

Cash     Begister     company,     Suit  —  1913,     214; 

1914;  398. 

Castro.  President,  Deposed—  1910.  209. 
Casualties.  First  American—  1919.   331. 


Casualties  in  War—  1919.  329. 
Catchings,  Cleveland  to  —  1895. 


126. 


Cathedrals.    Great  —  1891.    334. 

Catholic  Church  —  See  Religious  Statistics. 

Cavell,  Edith.  Execution  of—  1916.  332:  1919. 

703. 
Cemeteries.    Chicago  —  In    each    volume    since 

1902. 
Cemeteries,     National—  In    each    volume    from 

1904  to  1912. 

Census  Bureau  —  1901,  308:  1912,  219.  391. 
Census,   Quinquennial  —  1896.    194. 
Census,     School.     Chicasro  —  1905,    431;     1907, 

423;   1908,  473;  1909,  465,  and  in  succeed- 

ing volumes. 
Census.   Thirteenth   United   States—  1910.    206: 

1911.  432. 
Centenarians  in  United  States  —  In  each  volume 

Centenary  Celebrations  in  1909  —  1910.   64. 
Centennial,     Illinois—  1914.     560:     1918.     628. 

630:  1919.  831. 

Central  American  War  —  19^8.   188. 
Century.  Beginning  of—  1901.  184. 
Chaffee,   A.   B.,    Sketch  —  1899,    228. 
Chafin.  E.  W.,  Sketch—  1909.  331;  1913.  387. 
Chamberlain,  G.  E.,  Sketch—  1910,   391. 
Chamberlain,    J.    C.,    Resignation  —  1904.    245. 
Chamberlain-Wilson  Dispute—  1919,  400. 
Chamberlin,   T.   C.,   Sketch  —  1909,   322. 
Champagne,  Battle  of  —  1916,  321. 
Champions   of   Christendom  —  1912,    188. 
Chandler,  W.  E..  Death  of  —  1918,   579. 
Charcot  Expedition  —  1911.    175. 
Charities,  Cook  County  —  1910.  466;  1911,  481. 
Charities,     Illinois—  1908,     429;     1909,     417: 

1910,  435,   441. 
Charity  ©rg-anizations  —  In  each  volume  since 

1902. 

Charles  I..  Emperor,  Abdication—  1919.  659. 
Charles,    Prince,    Sketch  —  1906,    300. 
Charleston    (111.)    Storm  —  1918.    36. 
flharlpston    (S.   C.)    Storm  —  191  2.    108. 
Charter  Amendment,  Chicago  —  1906,  379. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1002 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Charter,  New,  for  Chicago — 1904,   360;   1905, 

429:   1906,  421;  1907,  468;  Defeated,  1908. 

495;  1910.  522;  1911,  544;  1912,  547. 
Chateau-Thierry.  Battle  of— 1919.  663,  668. 
Chauncey,  .Loss  of   tne — 1918,   542. 
Chelsea    (Mass.)    Fire — 1909,   187. 
Chemicals,   Common  Names — 1885,  9. 
Cherry  Mine  Disaster — 1910.   405. 
Chester    (Pa.)    Race  Riots — 1918,   147. 
Chevrons.   Wound  and   Service— 1919.    509. 
Chicago  and  World  War — 1918,  569,  5754. 
Chicago   at    a   Glance — In   each   volume   since 

1910. 

Chicago.  Centers  of— 1909,  44;  1910.  483. 
Chicago  City  Officials — In  each  volume. 
Chicago  Civic   Federation — 1898.    402. 
Chicago  Election  Returns — In  each  volume. 
Chicago  Elevators — 1891,  340. 
Chicago  Grain  and  Produce  Statistics — In  each 

volume  from  1891. 
Chicago,  Growth — 1891.  342:  1902,  60.     (See 

Area.  Chicago.  Growth  of.) 
Chicago.  Map  of— 1904.  407. 
Chicago  Mayors — In  each  volume. 
Chicago,  Nationality    of    Voters — 1889,     157: 

1894,  318. 
Chicago,  Notable    Buildings — In   each   volume 

since   1891. 

Chicago  Officials — In   each  volume. 
Chicago  Parks    and   Boulevards — In  each   vol- 
ume since  1891. 

Chicago  Plan— 1910.  514:   1919.  716. 
Chicago,  Points  of  Interest  in — In  each  volume 

since  1906. 
Chicago,  Progress    of — In   each    volume    since 

1909. 
Chicago,  Valuation — In     each     volume     since 

1903. 

Chicago  Voters'   League — 1898,  404. 
Chicago  War  Bodies — 1918,   776. 
Chicago  Weather — In  each  volume  since  1900. 
Chicagoans  Killed  in  War— 1919.  836. 
Chicagoans,  Old — In  each  volume  since  1909. 
Chiesa,   Cardinal,    Made   Pope — 1915,    236. 
Child  Labor  Law,   Illinois — 1904.    362. 
Child  Labor  Statistics — 1908,  169;  1909,  163. 
Children  in  Flats — 1910,  443. 
Children's  Bureau  Act— 1913.  186. 
Chile,  Ambassador  to — 1915.    290. 
Chile — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Chile-Peru  Controversy— 1919,  716. 
Chilean  Difficulty    with    United    States — 1893, 

66. 

Chilean  War— 1892,  59. 
Chilton,  W.  F.,  Sketch — 1912,  404. 
Chimney,    Highest — 1907,    13. 
China     and     Japanese-American     Agreement — 

1918,  276. 

China — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
China,  Death  of  Emperor  and  Empress — 1909. 

China,  Famine  in — 1912,  395. 

China,  Japan  and  Korea — 1895,  235:  1896,  76. 

China,  Missions — 1901.   275. 

China,  Partition — 1899,  97. 

China,  Revolution  in — 1912.  480;   1913.   394; 

1914,  401. 
China  Votes  for  Monarchy — 1916,  305:  Renub- 

lic  Maintained.   1917,   165:  Imperialist  Plot. 

1918,    276. 

China.  War— 1901,  269,  271,  291;  1902,  333. 
Chinese  Calendar — In  each  volume  since  1905. 
Chinese  Cut   Off  Queues — 1912,   140. 
Chinese  in  United  States— 1902.  54;  1904,  64. 
Chinese-Japanese    Dispute — 1916.    173. 
Chinese  Railway  Loan— 1910,   216:   1911,  327. 
Chinese  Registration — 1894,    201;    1895,    368. 
Chinese-Russian    Dispute — 1912.    320. 
Chinese  Treaty,  The — 1895.   368. 
Chipilly  Ridge.  Battle  of— 1919,   614. 
Choate,  J.  H.,   Sketch — 1900,   124. 
Cholera.  Asiatic — 1886,  79.     In  Russia,   1909. 

319;  Epidemic,  1911,  131;  In  America,  1912, 

308. 

Cholera,   How  to  Escape — 1893,  108. 
Cholera  Mixture— 1888.  128. 


Christian  IX.,   Death  of — 1907,   72. 
Christian  Population — 1901,    145;    1902,    149. 
Christianity,    Growth — 1896,    103. 
Christmas   Packages    for    Soldiers— 1919,    674. 
Chun,   Prince,  Abdicates — 191xJ,   480. 
Church   Days — In  each   volume. 
Churches — See   Religious   Statistics. 
Churches,  Capacity— 1893.  114. 
Churches,   Seven,  of  Asia, — 1912,  188. 
Cicero,   Annexation  Vote — 1912,   461. 
Cincinnati,   Society  of   the — See   Societies,   Pa- 
triotic. 

Circus  Train  Wreck— 1919.  160. 
Cisterns,    Capacity — 1889,    189. 
Cities,  Altitude— 1892,   331;    1918,   106. 
Cities,  Commission  Governed — 1917,  125. 
Cities,  Growth — 1900,    266;    1902,    50;    1903. 

82. 
Cities,  Largest — 1888,    2;    1903.    187,    and   in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Cities,  Popular  Names— 1889,  180:  1891.  118; 

1896,   50. 

Cities,  Population   of — See   Population. 
Cities,  Statistics  of— 1891.  99;  1903.  106,  and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Citizen,   How   to   Become   a — 1896,   228. 
Citizens,  Who  Are — In  each  volume  since  1908. 
City  of  Athens.  Loss  of— 1919.  138. 
City  Manager  Plan — 1915,  152;  1917.  142. 
City  Officials,  Chicago— In  each  volume. 
Civic    Music    Association — 1915,  ,  614;     1916. 

628. 
Civil  Service,  Chicago — 1896,  214;  1905.  381; 

1906,  411;   1907,  416. 
Civil  Service,  Illinois — 1906,  388:  1907,  394; 

1908,  428;  1912,  82. 
Civil  Service,    United    States — 1904,    101,    and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Civil  War    Survivors — 1904,    22;    1905,    122; 

1906.   26;    1907.   32;    1908,  98:    1909,   116; 

1910.   320;   1911.  326. 
Clapp,  Moses  E.,  Sketch— 1902.  99. 
Clark,  Champ — 1912,  404. 
Clark,  Charles  E.,  Sketch — 1903.  236. 
Clark,  E.   C.,    Sketch— 1899.    224. 
Clark,  Edgar  E.,  Sketch — 1903,  238. 
Clark,  Senator,  Case — 1901.   122. 
Clark,  W.   A..   Sketch— 1900.    127. 
Clarke.    James   P.,    Sketch— 1903.    234:    1910. 

391. 

Clarkson,  T.  S..  Sketch— 1897.  162. 
Clay.  A.  S.,  Sketch — 1897,  161;  1898,  207. 
Clayton  Antitrust   Law — 1915,   287. 
Clayton,  Powell.  Sketch — 1898,  204. 
Clemenceau  Cabinet,  Fall  of — 1910,  260. 
Clemens,  Samuel  L.,  Death — 1911,  170. 
Clements,   J.   C..    Sketch — 1912.    404. 
Cleveland,  Grover,   Letters — 1893.    163;    1895. 

83.   84. 
Cleveland.    Grover,    Sketch — 1893,    61:    Death 

of.  1909.  215. 

Cleveland.   Messages — 1895,   109. 
Climate  of  United  States — In  each  volume  from 

1890. 

Clubs,   Chicago — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Clyde   Shipbuilding — 1903,    148. 
Coal  Contract  Decision — 1913,   501. 
Coal    Miners'    Strike— 1898.    242;    1903.    191: 

1904.   103. 
Coal  Production— 1888,   10:    1892.    102:    1893. 

59;    1895,    245;    1898.   396,    and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 
Coal    Production,    Illinois — 1905,    373;    1906. 

437:    1907.    440;    1910,    521,    and    in    suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Coal  Production,    World's — 1903,    410. 
Coal  Supply,    Estimated — 1910,    173. 
Coal  Trust — 1908,  234. 
Coast  Guard  Law — 1916,  235. 
Coast  Line  of  United  States — 1909,  32,  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 

Coburn.  Foster  D..   Sketch— 1907.  272. 
Cody.  W.  F.,  Death  of — 1918.  154. 
Coercion  of  Employes  Decision — 1916.  243. 
Coffee  Consumption— 1898.  51:  1900.  49;  1903, 

72,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC    AND   YEAR-BOOK    FOR    1920. 


1003 


Coffee  Production — 1905,  233. 

Coffee  Trade — 1900.   75;   1908.   152. 

Coghlan.  J.  B..  Sketch— 1899.  244;  Death, 
1909.  411.  • 

Coinage,   History   of  Our — 1892,  27. 

Coinage  Laws — 1897,   65. 

Coinage  of  Nations — 1894.  180;  1899,  82,  and 
in  succeeding  volumes. 

Coinage,  United  States — In  each  volume  since 
1893. 

Coinage.  World's— 1898,  78;  1900.  81;  1902, 
24;  1903.  47;  1905,  77;  1907.  90.  and  in 
succeeding  volumes. 

Coin  Equivalents — 1896,  55. 

Coins,  About — 1887.  9;  1893,  108;  1908.  165. 

Coins.  Value  of  Foreign — In  each  volume  since 
1890. 

Coldest  Days  in  Chicago— 1913,  572,  and  in 
succeeding  volumes. 

College  Colors — 1905,  360;  1907,  61.  and  in 
succeeding  volumes. 

Colleges  and  Universities — 1890,  166;  1896. 
202;  1897,  49,  87;  1898,  87,  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Collier.   W.   M.,   Sketch— 1906.   298. 

Collinwood   (O.)    Disaster — 1909,  243. 

Colombia — In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Colombia- Venezuela  Dispute — 1902,  218. 

Colon.    Panama,    Fire — 1916.    83. 

Colonial  Policy — 1901.  64. 

Colonial  System  of  World— 1899.  138;  1900. 
146.  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Colonial  Wars,  Society  of — See  Societies,  Pa- 
triotic. 

Colorado  Railroad  Wreck — 1907,   117. 

Colt.  Le  Baron  B..  Sketch — 1914.  256. 

Columbia.    Wreck    of    the— 1908.    234;    1919. 

Columbus.    Christopher,    Accident — 1918.    166. 
Columbus  Memorial.  Washington — 1908,  75. 
Comet,  A.   of  1910—1911.   32. 


Comet,   Halley' 
32 


-1909,   26;  1910,  332;   1911. 


Commerce  and  Labor  Department  —  1904,  100, 

160. 
Commerce  Court   Law  —  1911,   34;   1913,   192; 

1914.   243    (repealed). 
Commerce,     Trade    and    Manufactures,    Statis- 

tics—In each  volume  from   1891. 
Commission  Form  of  Government  —  1910,  520; 

1911.  46;   1912.   88,  91;   1917.  125,  142. 
Committees.  Political,  Cook    County  —  In    each 

volume  from  1890. 
Committees,  Political,  Illinois  —  In  each  volume 

from  1886. 
Committees.  Political,  National  —  In   each    vol- 

ume  from  1886. 

Compass.   Watch   as   a  —  1892,   51. 
Compensation   Acts  —  1912.    79,    96. 
Conant.   Luther.   Sketch  —  1913.  388. 
Conciliation.   Board.   U.   S.  —  1915.   234. 
Concrete.  Military  Uses  of—  1919.   73. 
Confederate   Pensions  —  1898.    17. 


Congratulations.    Peace—  1919. 


483 
Rel 


. 
ligious    Sta- 


Congregational   Churches—  See 

tistics. 

Congress.  Contested   Seats  —  1901.   122. 
Congress,  First    Woman   in  —  1917,    539. 
Congress.  Parties    in  —  1895,    157;     1908,    79; 

1909,    423;    1912,    273,    and    in    succeeding 

volumes. 

Congress,  United  States  —  In  every  volume. 
Congress.    Wilson   Asks   for  Democratic—  1919. 

325. 

Congress,  Work  of  —  See  Legislation. 
Congressional    Districts  —  Chicago,     1903.    375; 

1904.  416    (map):   1905.   407.   438:   Illinois. 

1904.    349    (map):    1905.    375:    New.    1902. 

102.     See  election  returns  in  each  volume  for 

districts  in  aH  states. 
Conjugal  Statistics  —  1895,  72;  1904,  68;  1905, 

63:    1906.    62. 
Constitution,  United  States  —  1889.   170;   1908. 

33:    1909.    33:    1911.    440:    1914.   44. 
Constitutional    Convention     (HI.)     Vote—  1919, 


289.  807. 


Conscription.   Irish—  1919.   772. 
Consular  Builumgb  —  iyj.ii,   t»d. 


.,        . 

Consular  Reorganization  —  1907,    175 
Consuls,  United  States  —  In  each  volume  from. 

1886. 
Consuls    in    Chicago—  In    each    volume    since- 

1903. 

Convention,  Reciprocity  —  1906.  142. 
Conventions,    Political     (platforms,    etc.).    Na- 

tional —  In  each  volume. 
Conventions,  Political,   State  —  In  each  volume 

from  1886. 

Convicts  and  Convict  Labor  —  1898,  93. 
Convicts  in  Penitentiaries  —  1892.  98;  1898,  96. 
Cook    Arctic     Expedition  —  1908,     135;     1910. 

328;  Sketch  of  F.  A.  Cook,  1910,  391;  Cook; 

Discredited.  1911,  175. 
Cook  County    Bonded   Debt  —  In    each    volume 

from   1890. 
Cook  County  Civil  List  —  In  each  volume  from. 

1888. 

Cook  County  Elections  —  In   each   volume. 
Cook  County  Forest  Preserve  —  1917.  661. 
Cook  County  Officials  —  In  each  volume. 
Cookery.    Scientific—  1887.    10. 
Cooley.  E.  G..   Sketch  —  1908,  353. 
Coppage  Coercion  Case  Decision  —  1916.  243. 
Copper  Production—  See  Mineral  Products. 
Copyright    Rules—  1896.    225;    1902.    75.    and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Corbett,    W.    H..    Sketch  —  1898,    209. 
Cork  Production—  1903.   69. 
Corn  —  See   Agriculture,   each  volume. 
Corn  and  Pellagra  —  1912.    152. 
Corn  for  Fuel  —  1898.  101. 
Corn  Products  Suit—  1914.  398. 
Corn.    To   Measure  —  1888,    11. 
Corporation     Tax,     Federal  —  1910,     59,     473: 

1912.  181. 

Cor-egan.  Charles  H.,  Sketch  —  1905.  204. 
Corrupt   Practices  Act  —  1912,    93. 
Cortelyou,    G.    B.,    Sketch  —  1901.    249;    1904. 

204. 
Cost  of  Living  —  1902.  215;   1904.  348;  1907. 


Costa  Rica  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Costa  Rica  Earthquake—  1912,  414. 

Cotton  —  See  Agriculture. 

Cotton  and  Its  Uses  —  1909,    64. 

Cotton  Futures   Act  —  1917.    194. 

Cotton  Spinners'  Strike  —  1895.  89. 

Cotton  States  Exposition  —  1896.  97 

Cotton  Tariff  Bill  and  Veto—  1912,  73. 

Coudert.  F.  R..   Sketch  —  1897.   159. 

Council     for     National     Defense  —  1917,     234; 

1918,    518. 

Councils.   Allied   War—  1919.    479. 
Counties.  Banner  Agricultural—  1915.  195. 
Countries  Compared  —  1894,   216. 
Country  Life.    Report    on  —  1910.    174. 
Country,  Size  of  Our  —  1888.   17. 
Country.  The  Indian—  1889.   186. 
County    Buildings.     Cook  —  1903.     376;     1904. 

368;   1905.  382:  1906,  401;  1907,  412,  and 

in   succeeding  volumes. 
County  Officials  —  In  each  volume. 
County     Officers.     Illinois—  1894.     171:     1899. 

289;  1900.  249:  1909.  438;  1910,  450.  and 

in   succeeding  volumes. 
Court,  Municipal.  Chicago  —  1906,  380,  and  suc- 

ceeding volumes. 

Court  Tragedy  in  Virginia  —  1913.  418. 
Courts.  Cook  County  —  In  each  volume. 
Courts,  Illinois  —  In  each  volume. 
Courts.   United    States  —  In   each   volume. 
Cox.  William  W..   Sketch  —  1905,  204. 
Coxevism  —  1895.    94. 
Crais-hill.  W.  P.,   Sketch  —  18P6.   88. 
Crane.    Larg-est  in   World  —  1912.   240. 
Crane,  Winthrop  M..  Sketch  —  1905,  205;  1908. 

Cranfill.  J.  B..  Sketch  —  1893.  61. 
Cranston.  E.,  Sketch  —  1897,  162. 
Crawford.    Coe   L..    Sketch—  1907.   274:    1910. 
391. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1004 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Creed  Revision — 1892.  45. 

Crete,  Greece  and  Turkey — 1898,  249. 

Crib  Disaster  in  Chicago — 1910,  384. 

Crime,    Statistics    of — 1908,    385;    1909,    267; 

1910,  167;    1911,    135;    1912,   393. 
Cripples   in   Chicago — 1905,    433;    1906,    440; 

1911,  586;   1913.  618. 

Crisis,  Financial,   in  1907 — 1908.  357. 
Crocker    Land    Expedition — 1912,    210;    1913, 

150;  1914,  184;  1917,  167. 
Cronholm  Affair— 1918.  501. 
Cronin  Case  Chronology — 1890,  173. 
Crop  Statistics — In  each  volume. 
Cruce,  Lee,  Sketch — 1911,  333. 
Cuba — In  each  volume  since  1899. 
Cuba,    Constitutional    Convention — 1901,    254; 

1902,   144. 

Cuba,  Map — 1899,  122. 
Cuba,  Postal  Frauds — 1901,  253. 
Cuba.   Revolt  in— 1896.  93;   1897,   135;  1898, 

275;   1899.   103;   1907.  248;   1913.  501. 
Cuban  Reciprocity  Treaty — 1904.  221. 
Cuban  Self-Government  Restored— 1910.  196. 
Cudahy  Kidnaping-  Case — 1910,   112. 
Culberson,  C.  A.,  Sketch — 1900.   128. 
Cullom.   S.   M.,   Sketch— 1908,  354;  Death  of. 

1915.  119. 
Cummins.  Albert  B.,  Sketch — 1907,  273;  1910. 

391. 

Cunard  Liners  Lost— 1919.  547. 
Cup,  Drinking,  Act — 1912,  88. 
Currency     Reform — 1901,     127;     1908,     364: 

1909.  166. 

Currency,  Value  in  Gold — 1899,  254. 
Curry.   J.  L.  M.,   Sketch — 1903.   236. 
Curtis.  Charles.   Sketch — 1908,   354. 
Curtis.  W.   E..   Sketch — 1894,   62. 
Customs  Court — 1910,   59. 
Czar,   Peace  Declaration  of — 1899.    102. 
Czar's  Address  to  Duma — 1907.   268. 
Czar  Nicholas  II.  Deposed— 1918.   508:  Killed. 

1919.  469. 

Czechp-Slovak  Republic— 1919.  520. 
Czernin.   Count,   on  Cause  of  War— 1919,   628. 
Czolgosz, -Leon — 1902,    109. 
Daily  News.  Visit  to  The — 1885,  59;  1886,  90. 
Dakota.   Facts  About — 1899,    180. 
Dam,  Elephant   Butte — 1917.  302. 
Damascus,   Syria,  Fire — 1913.  206. 
Danbury    Hat    Case — 1909.    256;    1911.    Ill; 

1913.  390;  1914.  559;  1915,  298;  1916.  251. 
Daniels.  Josephus,  Sketch— 1914.  35. 
Danish  West  Indies  Treaty — 1903.   156;   1917, 

420;    Turned    Over   to    United    States,    1918, 

508. 

Dardanelles.  Naval  Battle— 1919.    852. 
Darrow.  C.   S..  Trial  of — 1913.  397. 
Dates  of  Recent  Events — In  each  volume  since 

1904. 

Davidson,    James   O.,    Sketch — 1907.    274. 
Davies.  Josenh  E..  Sketch — 1914,  256. 
Davis,  George  W..    Sketch — 1905.    205. 
Davis.  Henry  G..   Sketch — 1905.   203. 
Davis.   Jefferson.    Sketch — 1908.    354. 
Davis.  Will   J.,    Trial — 1908.   78. 
Dawes  Hotel — 1915,   618. 
Dawson,  T.  C..  Sketch — 1910,  68. 
Daylight    Savinsr  Movement — 1910.    68;    1917, 

62:   Law.   1919.    758. 
Day  Line.  The — 1888.   13. 
Day,  To  Find  the — 1891.   141. 
Day.  W.  R.,  Sketch — 1899.  221:  1904,  204. 
Day.  When  It  Begins— 1894.  204. 
Days.  Unlucky — 1888.  10. 
Deaf  and  Blind  in  Chicago — 1905.  433;  1906. 

440;     1909.    468;     1910.     510;    1911.     586: 

1912.    585:    1913.   618 
Deaf  in  United  Spates — 1907.  242;  1910.  113: 

1911.  445:  1913.  4*8. 
Dnaf-Mnte   School — 1*92.   P6. 
D^Pth,  Damages  for— 1904.  363. 
D^ath   Rate — Tn  each  volume  s'nce  1P02. 
D°ath  Boll — In  earh  vo'nme  from  1890. 
D^Vtoe    W    J     pvotov, — ion«    OOR 
Deb8,    E.   V.;   Sketch— 1901,   245;   1905.   204; 


1909.  322;  1913.  387;  Trial.  1919.  539. 
Debt  and  Bank  Credits— 1919.   718. 
Debt  and  Wealth  of  .Nations — 1894,  101;  1898. 

142;   1900,   153. 

Debt,   Bonded,  of  States — 1893,  53. 
Debt,  Chicago     City — In    each    volume     from 

1890. 
Debt,  Cook    County — In    each     volume     from 

1891. 

Debt,  National — In  each  volume  from  1887. 
Debts,    National — In  each  volume   since   1902. 
Debts  of    American    Cities — In    each    volume 

since  1903. 
Debts   of   States — 1892,   97;    1893,    53;    1918, 

212. 

Debts,  State  and  County — 1907.  260. 
Debts.    War-^1919.    334. 
Deceased-Wife's-Sister  Law — 1908.    73. 
Decision,    Steel    Corporation — 1916,    48. 
Decisions,  Labor — 1916.   243. 
Declaration  of  Independence— 1908.   31;    1919. 

710. 
Declaration  of  London— 1912.   78;   1913.    178; 

in    full.    1919.    531. 
Declarations  of  War — 1919.  327. 
Decorations    for    Chicagoans — In    each   volume 

since  1906. 

Decorations.  Medals.  Law— 1919.  397.  398. 
Deep-Sea  Depths — 1895,  168. 
Deep  Waterways — 1898.  236. 
Deering,   William,  Death — 1914.   560. 
Defalcations  in  1893—1894.  374. 
Defenbach-Unger  Trial — 1902.  107. 
Defense  Council  Law    (111.) — 1918.   607. 
Defense.  Movement  for — 1917,  199,  204,  234. 
De  Lome  Letter — 1899,  109. 
Deneen.  Gov..  on  Deep  Waterways — 1908,  399. 
Denman-Goethals  Dispute — 1918,   531. 
Denmark — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Departure.   Unlawful.  Act— 1919.  382. 
Depew.   C.  M..   Sketch — 1900.   128. 
Deportations.  Alien— 1919.  161. 
Deportations,  American    Note    on — 1917,    482, 

483. 
Deportations,  Belgian  and  French — 1917,  482; 

1918,  604. 

Derby.  American — See  Sporting  Records. 
Des   Moines   Plan  of  City   Government — 1909, 

237. 

Deutschland,  Voyages  of — 1917,  473. 
Dewey.   George,   Sketch — 1899,   115.  222,  319; 

Death.  1918.  240. 
Diamonds.    Celebrated— 1902,    98;    1906.    132. 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Diamonds,    Weight    of — In   each   volume   since 

1904. 

D^az,  Porfirio.   Deposed — 1912.   211. 
Dick.   Charles.    Sketch — 1905.    205. 
Dickinson.  J.  M.,   Sketch — 1910.   33. 
Dickinson.  J.  McG..  Sketch — 1908.  354. 
Diet  for  Fleshy  Persons — 1903.   148. 
Dietrich,  Charles  H.,  Sketch — 1902,  99. 
Dietz.  John  F.,  Case — 1912,  215. 
Digestion,  Time  Required  for — 1886,  83;  1903. 

55. 
Dillingham.  W.  P.,   Sketch— 1901.  246;   1909. 

322 

Dillon.   Lou,   Pedigree — 1904.   228. 
Dingley  Tariff  Bill— 1908.  69. 
Diplomatic     and     Consular     Service — In     each 

volume  from  1886. 
TV^omatic  Buildins-s — 1912.    66. 
Diplomatic  Correspondence.   U.   S.— 1915.   370: 

1916.  339.   360;   1917.  485. 
Direct  Primaries — 1912,   93. 
Disarmament   of  Eurone — 1899.  102. 
T^sease.  Foot  and  Mouth — 1916.   215.  661. 
Diseases,  Contagious   and   Eruntive — 1886,   82. 
TVseases.   Occupational.   Act — 1912.  91. 
Distance  and  Sijrht— 1890.   181. 
Distance  Between  Cities — In  each  volume  since 

Dances  from  Chicago— 1902.  420:  1904.427: 

1Q05.  379. 
Distances  Seen  on  Lakes — In  each  volume  since 

1908. 


FOB  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME   SEE   PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


1005 


Distances  to  Insular  Possessions — 1902,  148; 
1903,  162;  1904,  171;  1905,  22. 

Divorce  Laws — 1893,  84;  1902,  140,  and  in 
succeeding  voiumes. 

Divorce  Statistics — 1910,  214,  and  in  succeed- 
ing1 volumes. 

Dix,   John  A.,    Sketch — 1911.    333. 

Dixon,  J.  M.,  Sketch — 1908,  354. 

Dockery,  A.  M.,  Sketch— 1914.  256. 

Dole,   S.  B.,   Sketch — 1901,   248. 

Dollar,    Bullion    Value — 1892,    200. 

Dollar,    Silver  in  a — 1894.   198. 

Dolliver,  J.  P.,  Sketch — 1901,  246;  1903,  234; 

1908,  354. 

Domestic  Trade  in  U.  S. — 1917,   172. 

Don  Carlos,  Death  of — 1910,  179. 

Donnelly,  I.,  Sketch — 1899.  222;  1901,  244. 

Dowie.  J.  A.,  Death  of — 1908,  171. 

Draft  in  Chicag-o — 1918,  572. 

Draft  Law— 1918,   397,  484;    1919,  390. 

Drago  Doctrine — 1907,    66,    and  in  succeeding 

volumes. 
Drainage  Canal,  Chicago — In  each  volume  since 

1891 

Drainage  Decision — 1907.  395. 
Drake,  F.  M.,  Sketch — 1896.  92. 
Draper,    W.    F.,    Sketch — 1898,    204. 
Dreyfus  Case — 1907,  261. 
Drink  Bill  of  Nation — 1905,  52. 
Drink  Statistics — 1905,    86. 
Drinking  on  Cars — 1912,   89. 
Drought   in   1910 — 1911,   84. 
Drunkenness   and  Crime — 1888,    124. 
Dry    and    Wet    Cities   and   Towns  in   Illinois — 

1916,  665. 

Dry  Dock.    Largest — 1912.    187. 
Dryden,  J.  F.,  Sketch — 1903,  234. 
Dubois,  F.  T.,  Sketch— 1902,  99. 
Dudley,   J.   B.,   Sketch — 1898,  206. 
Duma.  Russian— 1906.   311;   1907,   268;   1908. 

100;   1909.  319. 

Dumba,  Ambassador,  Recall — 1916,  345. 
Dun,  E.,   Sketch — 1894,   60. 
Dunne,  Gov.,  Inauguration — 1914,  493. 
Du  Pont,  Henry  A.,  Sketch — 1907,  272. 
Durand.   E.  D.,    Sketch — 1910.   392. 
Dutch  Ships  Requisitioned— 1919,  419. 
Duties  on  Imports — 1889,  23;  1890.  11;  1891. 

141;  1895,  140;   1901,  12:  1903,  59.  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Dyer.  N.  M.,  Sketch — 1889.  223. 
Dyestuffs,  Manufacture  of — 1917,   184. 
Dynamite  Case— 1912.    470:    1913,   397;    1914. 

444:  1915.  210:   1916.  297. 
Dynasties  Ended— 1919.   331. 
Earth,  Age  of — 1889,   162. 
Earthquake,  Cartago — 1911,   140. 
Earthquake  in  East — 1915.  152. 
Earthquake  in  Italy — 1916.    49. 
Earthquake  in  Kingston.  Jamaica — 1908,    177 
Earthquake  in  Mexico  City — 1912,    174. 
Earthquake  in  Porto   Rico— 1919.   244. 
Earthquake  in  San    Francisco — 1907.    265. 
Earthquake  in  Sicily  and  Calabria — 1909,  414: 

1910,   324. 

Earthquake  in  Valparaiso — 1907.  264. 
Earthquakes— 1906,  319,  347;  1908.  272,  and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
East     River    Bridges,     New    York — 1906.     28: 

1909.  246. 

East  St.  Louis  Riots — 1918.  147. 

Eastern  Question — 1896.  249. 

Eastland  Disaster — 1916.  279. 

Eastman  Murder  Trial — 1902.  107. 

Eberhart.  A.  O..  Sketch — 1911.  333. 

Ebert.  Friedrich— 1919.  653.  656. 

Eccles    (W.  Va.)   Mine  Disaster — 1915,  168. 

Eclipses — See  calendar  in  each  volume. 

Ecuador — In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Eddy.    Mary    Baker,    Libel    Case— 1902.     107; 

Suit  Against,  1908,  384;  Death  of,  1911,  408 
Eddystone  Disaster — 1918.   502. 
Education  and  War.  Cost  of — 1895,  366. 
Education    Board.    General— 1909.    266:    1910, 

325. 


Education,  Board  of,  Chicago — 1902,  396,  and 
in  succeeding  volumes. 

Education,  Statistics  of — See  Colleges  and  Uni- 
versities, and  Schools. 

Education,    Vocational,    Law — 1918,    47. 

Edward  VII. — 19O2,  99,  186,  196;  1903.  181 

Edwardsville  Memorial — 1912.  89. 

Egan,  M.  P.,  Sketch — 1908.  354. 

Egypt   a  Protectorate — 1916,  328. 

Egypt — In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Eichhorn  Assassination— 1919.  468. 

Eight  Hour  Law — 1913,  185;  1914,  236;  Rail- 
road Trainmen.  1917,  235,  240. 

Election  Calendars — 1905,  262.  417;  1906. 
405,  406;  1907,  250,  and  in  succeeding  vol- 
umes. 

Election  Precincts  in  Chicago — 1904,  382: 
1905,  417. 

Elections,  States,  Territories  and  Local — In 
every  volume. 

Electoral  College,  The — In  each  volume  since 
1902. 

Electoral  Reform — 1912.  91. 

Electoral  Vote— 1892.  64;  1894.  388;  1896, 
404;  1898,  127.  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Electrical  Units— 1908,  269.  and  in  succeeding1 
volumes. 

Electricity.   Progress  in — 1902,   95. 

Electrification  Report,  Chicago — 1916,  669. 

Elevation,  Highest,  in  States — 1910.  248,  and 
in  succeeding-  volumes. 

Elevation,  American  Cities — 1918,   107. 

Elevation  of  Chicago — 1917,  716,  and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Eliot    "Five-Foot"   Library — 1910,    401. 

Elizabeth  Water  Tunnel — 1912,  126. 

Elkins   Rebate   Law — 1904.   97. 

Elkins,  S.  B.,  Sketch — 1896.  91;  1908.  354. 

Ellis  Glenn  Trial — 1902.   107. 

Ellis,   S.  H.,   Sketch — 1901,  245. 

Emergency  Revenue  Act — 1917,  179. 

Emmanuel,  Victor,  Attempt  to  Kill — 1913. 
377 

Employers'  Associations — 1905.   179.  430. 

Employes,  City.  Number — 1904.  380;  1905, 
4l2;  1908,  443,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Employes,  Coercion  of.  Decision — 1916,  243. 

Employment  for  Soldiers— 1919.  698. 

Empress  of  Ireland  Wreck— 1915.  232. 

Endicott,  Mordecai,  Sketch — 1906.  299. 

Engravings,  To  Transfer — 1889.    162. 

Entry,  Unlawful.  Into  U.  S.— 1919,  382. 

Epidemic,  Influenza— 1919.  745. 

Epileptic  Colony  Law— 1914.  492. 

Episcopal  Church— See  Religious  Statistics. 

Equipment  of  a  Soldier — 1918.  517. 

Equitable  Life  Building  Fire — 1913,  147. 

Erie    (Pa.)    Flood— 1916.  423. 

Ernst,   Oswald  H..   Sketch — 1906,  299. 

Esperanto  Simplified — 1911.    82. 

Espionage  Law— 1918.  409:  1919.  385.  537. 

Estate  Taxes — 1918.   54.   439. 

Estates  of  Realm.   Three — 1912.   188. 

European  War    (see  War) — 1915.  237. 

Eustis,  J.    B.,  Sketch — 1894.   59. 

Evans,   H.   C.,   Sketch — 1903.   235. 

Evans,   R.   D.,   Sketch — 1899,   225. 

Events,  Domestic  and  Foreign — In  each  vol- 
ume. 

Ewing,  J.  S..  Sketch — 1894.  53. 

Excess  Profits  Taxes — 1918.   54,   429. 

Excise  Laws — 1896.   221:    1918.  435. 

Exclusion  Law — 1908.   340. 

Executions  in  Cook  County— 1913.  561:  1919. 
950. 

Exemptions.  Digest  of — 1894,  53. 

Expectation  of  Life— 1886.  15:  1912.  100: 
1917,  42.  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Expedition  to  France — 1918,    543. 

Expenditures  and  Receipts  of  the  Government 
— In  each  volume  since  1891. 

Explosion  in  Jersey  City — 1912.  137;  1917,  66. 

Explosion,  Pleasant  Prairie — 1912,  140. 

Explosives  Act — 1918,  450. 

Exports  Council — 1918,  488. 


FOB  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1006 


ALMANAC    AND    YEAR-BOOK   FOR    1920. 


Exports  and  Imports  of  Merchandise  and  Gold 
and  Silver — In  each  volume  from  1891. 

Exports.  U.  S.  Leader  in— 1916.   122. 

Exposition.  Lewis  and  Clark — 1905.  138;  1906. 
349. 

Exposition.  St.  Louis— 1903,  127;  1904,  222; 

Expositions. 'National — 1908,  352;  1909.  333. 
Express  Business — 1911,  70;  1912,  192;  1913. 

73;  1916.  205. 

Pacts  Briefly  Stated— 1888.  127. 
Failures — In  each  volume  since  1894. 
Fairbanks,    C.    W.,    Sketch — 1898.    208;    1904. 

202;  1905.  203. 

Palconio.  D.,  Sketch — 1903.  237;  1912.  404. 
Pall,  Albert  B.,  Sketch — 1913.  256;  Speech  on 

Mexican  Situation.  1915,  222. 
Fallieres,   C.   A.,   Sketch — 1907,  274;   Attempt 

to  Kill.  1908,  274. 
Fame.   Hall  of— 1902,   72;   1906.   352.  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Families    and    Homes — 1904.    74.    382;    1905. 

71;    1906.    70;   1907.    58;    1908.    68;    1909. 

59;  1910,  91. 

Famine  in  China — 1912.  395. 
Famine  in  Sweden  and  Finland — 1904.   122. 
Pares,  Hack  and  Cab,  Chicago— In  each  volume 

since  1902. 

Parley.  J.  M.,  Sketch— 1903,  237;   1912.  404. 
Farmers'  Organizations — 1891,  116;  1892.  186, 

190;  1893.  235.  285;  1894.  181;  1895.  224; 

1896.  230;  1897.  178;  1898.  140. 
Farm  Loan  Act — 1917.  241.  246. 
Farms  for  Soldiers— 1919.  696. 
Farms  in  the  United  States — In  each  volume 

since  1903. 


Farms.  Wealth  on  —  1912.  166. 
Farrell.  James  A..  Sketch  —  1912. 


404. 


.  .. 

Fastest  Ocean  Passages—  1894.  106;  1904.  122. 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Fastest  Trips  Around  World  —  1912.  108;  1914. 

142;  1915.  40. 

Fates,  The  Three  —  1912,  188. 
Fats.  Shortage  in—  1919.  324. 
Federal  Reserve  Banks  —  1915.  333.  and  in  suc- 

ceeding volumes. 
Ferdinand,      Archduke,      Assassination  —  1915, 

368. 

Fergus  Injunction  Suit  —  1916,  662. 
Ferguson  (Gov.)  Impeachment  —  1918.  182. 
Ferguson  Monument  Fund  —  1906,  360,  and  in 

succeeding  volumes  to   1910. 
Field,  J..  Sketch  —  1893,  62. 
Field,  Marshall,  Death  and  Will  of  —  1907.  438. 
Field  Museum  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Fight  or  Work  Order—  1919.  680. 
Figures,  Curiosities  of  —  1890.   188. 
Filchner  Expedition  —  1912.  210. 
Films.  Prize  Fight,  Barred  —  1913.  188. 
Finance  Corporation.  War—  1919.  362. 
Finances.  War—  1919,  333. 
Financial  Statistics  —  In  each  volume. 
Finland.  Famine  in—  1904.  122. 
Finland,  Transport  Torpedoed  —  1918.  542. 
Fire  Marshal.  Illinois  —  1910,  449. 
Fires  and  Fire  Losses  —  In  each  volume  since 

1902. 

Firms  in  Chicago  —  1918,   694. 
Firms,   Old  Chicago   Business  —  1917,   641   and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Fisher,  Walter  L.,  Sketch  —  1912.  405. 
Fisheries  Dispute  —  1892.  44;   1893,  65;  1894. 

37;   Settled.   1911,   69;   1912.  99. 
Fisheries.  Lake  —  1903.    272. 
Fisheries,  Mississippi  —  1902.  215. 
Flag  Day  Address,  Wilson's  —  1918,  470. 
Flag  Display  Days  —  1913,  555.  and  in  succeed- 

ing volumes. 

Flag,  History  of  Our  —  1893,  92;  1909.  264. 
Flag.  Red,  Barred—  1919.  816. 
Flag.  U.  S.,  Dimensions  of—  1917.  167.  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 

Flag.  U.  S..  Insulted  in  Mexico  —  1915.  223. 
U.  S..  Rules  for  Use  of—  1919.  764. 
Of  Allies—  1918.  524. 


Flags.  Special  United  States  —  1898,  255. 

Flint.  Frank  P..  Sketch—  1906.  297. 

Flood,  Austin.  Pa.  —  1912.  272. 

Flood.  Black  River  Falls,  Wig.  —  1913    394 

Flood.  Johnstown  —  1890     167 

Flood  in  Erie.  Pa.—  1916.  423. 

Flood  in  Mexico  —  1910.   95 

ln  Mississippi  Valley  —  1913,  116;  1915, 


518 

F1518 

Flood'  in  Pari 


Indiana  —  1914' 


1911,  92. 


,       . 

Flood  in  Pittsburgh  —  1908,  152. 
Flood  in  Texas  —  1914.   447. 


Flower   Symbols   of   Months 
in  succeeding  volumes. 


-1912.   140.    and 


Folks.   Homer,    SketQh  —  1911,    333. 
Food  Administration  —  1918.   528. 
Food  Conservation  —  1918,  417,  529 
Food  Consumed  —  1901,  136 
Food  Economy  in  War  —  1918,  528 
Food  Used  by  Army—  1919.  549. 
Foot  and  Mouth  Disease—  1916.  215 
Foraker,  J.  B..  Sketch  —  1897,  160-  1903    "34 
Population—  in    each    volunfe 


and.n  ££1™  p°P^ati°n.  Chicago—  1899.  468« 
1904.  381.  and  in  succeeding  volumes 


.          . 
Tfsl?  Carrjing- 

FTs««"  «ft°UinsoSs' 
ce8edfng86volume°s 


each  volume  from 
Population,    etc— 


Forest  Preserve,  Cook  County  —  1911.  503' 
Void,  1912.  527;  1916.  576;  1917.  661  and 
in  succeeding  volumes 

Forest  Resources  of  United  States  —  1910.  171 


Forest    Reservations — 1889,    23: 

1903.  197.  and  in  succeeding  volumes 
Formosa.   Earthquake  in — 1907.   267 
Fort   Sheridan  Training  Camp — 1916,'  650 
Fortune  Telling  Law— 1918.    610 
Fortunes.   Great  American — 1913.   428. 
Fortymile   Gold   District — 1918.    155. 
Fosburgh  Murder  Trial— 1902.  107. 
Foss,  Eugene  N.,   Sketch — 1911,  333 
Foster,  A.  G.,  Sketch — 1900,   128 
Foster,   M.  J..   Sketch — 1901.   302. 
Fountain  of  Time — 1914    562 
Fountains  in  Chicago — 1902,  395;   1903.  398' 

1907,  446,  and  in  succeeding  volumes 
'Fourteen    Points"    Speech    by    Wilson— 1919, 

4>*y . 

Fourth  of  July  in  1918—1919,  707. 
France— In  each  volume  since  1902. 
France  and  Siam — 1894,  68 
France  and  Turkey — 1902,  217. 
Franchises,  Street-Car,  Chicago — 1906.  44( 

1907,  440. 
Francis.   Charles  S..  Sketch — 1902.   99;    190' 

Francis  Joseph,  Emperor,  Death — 1917,  469 
Franco-Japanese  Agreement — 1908    189 
Franco-Moroccan   Trouble — 1908.   244 
Frank,   Leo   M.,    Lynching — 1916,    304. 
Fraternal  Societies— See  Societies,  Secret. 
Fraternity  Houses  in  Chicago — 1914,   559. 
Frederick  VIII.,  Sketch— 1907,  274;  Death  o 

1913,    168. 

Free  List  in  Payne-Aldrich  Tariff — 1910.  53. 
Freight  Rates — 1891,  302 
French  Church  Law — 1906,  352. 
French  Deportations — 1917,  482. 
French  Mission  in  Chicago — 1918,  571. 
French  War  Mission — 1918,  527. 
French,  W.  R..   Sketch — 1898.   206. 
Fruits,  Whence  Imported — 1915.   32. 
Fryatt.  Capt..  Execution  of— 1917.  474:  1918 

Frye,  W.  P.,  Case  of  the— 1916,  340.  405. 
Frye.   W.    P.,    Sketch — 1908.    354. 
Fuel   Administration — 1918,    529 
Fuller,  Chief  Justice,  Death — 1911,  78. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


1007 


Fulton.  C.  W.,  Sketch-1904.  202. 
Fulton-Hudson    Celebration — 1910,    213. 
Funston    F.,    Sketch — 1900.    129;    in    Mexico, 

1915,  227;  Death  of.  1918,  144. 
Furies,  Three — 1912,  188. 
Gadsden  Purchase,   The — 1901.   134. 
Gage,  Lyman  J.,  Sketch — 1898,  201. 
Gaillard,   David  D.,   Death — 1914.   428. 
Gallinger,  Jacob  H.,  Sketch — 1904,  202;  1910. 

392 

Gallipoli  Evacuated — 1917.  530. 
Galveston  Hurricane — 1901,  402. 
Galveston  Sea  Wall — 1905.  124. 
Gamble,  Robert  J.,  Sketch — 1902.  99;  1908, 

355. 
Game   and  Fish   Laws — 1896,   211;    1902,    95, 

and  in  succeeding-  volumes. 
Gapon,   Father,   Killed — 1907,   270. 
Garabed  Invention— 1919,  375. 
Gardens,   Zoological — 1911,    173;    1912.  246. 
Gardner,   Washing-ton,    Sketch — 1914.   257. 
Gardner,   William  A.,    Sketch — 1911,   334. 
Garfield  Coal  Order— 1919.  410. 
Garrison,  L.  M.,  Sketch,  1914,  35;  Resignation. 

1P17        1  QQ 

Gary.  F.  B.,'  Sketch — 1909.  322. 

Gary.  J.  A.,   Sketch — 1898.   202. 

Gas.  Price  of.  Chicago — 1906,  394. 

Gasoline  from   Natural  Gas — 1918,   526. 

Gatun  Dam — 1911.  63;  1912.  118;  1914.  351. 

Gaynor-Greene   Case — 1907.   162. 

Gear.    John   H..    Sketch — 1905,    105. 

Gearin.   John  M..   Sketch— 1907.  272. 

Gem   Symbols  of  Months — 1912.   210.   and  in 

succeeding-  volumes. 

General,  Grade  of.  Revived — 1918,  459. 
General.  Holders  of  Rank— 1919.  497. 
General    Slocum    Disaster — 1905.    124;    1906, 

19;  1907,  298. 

Georgre  I.   Assassinated — 1914.   138. 
George  V.,  Accession  of — 1911.  67;  Coronation 

of,  1912.  131;  Relatives  of.  1912,  108. 
Georgia,  Explosion  on — 1908.    119. 
Gerard,   James  W.,  Sketch — 1914,  257. 
German-American  Alliance— 1919.  390. 
German  Submarine  Promise — 1917.  489. 
German  Tariff  Agreement — 1908.  379. 
Germantown  Monument — 1912,  67. 
Germany — 1902,    116,    and  in  succeeding-  vol- 
umes. 

Germany  Asks  for  Peace — 191  P.  450. 
Germany  Defies  America— 1918.  379. 
Germany,    Revolution   in— 1919.   653. 
Gettysburg-  Address — 1914.   39. 
Gettysburg-  Semicentennial — 1914.   199. 
Gibson,   Paris,   Sketch — 1902.   99. 
Gifts.   Notable— 1902.   68;    1903.   188,   and  in 

succeeding-  volumes. 
Gifts,  Seven,  of  Spirit — 1912.  188. 
Gilbert,  N.  W..  Sketch — 1909.  323. 
Gillespie  Exnlosion— 1919.  426. 
Gilman.  D.  C..  Sketch — 1897,  159;  1903,  238. 
Glasg-ow   Exposition — 1902,    338. 
Glass.   Carter  H..   Made  Secretary  of  Treasury 

—1919.   786. 

Glass  Industry — 1908.  44. 
Gobin,  J.  P.  S..  Sketch — 1898.  210. 
God  in  Forty-Eig-ht  Languages — 1888.   128. 
Gods   and   Goddesses — 1912.    126;    1913.    28. 
Goethals.    G.   W.,   Sketch — 1908.   355. 
Goethals-Denman  Dispute — 1918.    531. 
Goff.   Nathan.   Sketch — 1914.   257. 
Gold  and  Silver  Legislation — 1891.  110;  1897. 

65;  1901.  127. 

Gold  and   S'lver  Question — 1896.   177. 
Gold    and    Silver    Statistics — In    each    volume 

from  1891. 

Gold  Assayed  at  Seattle — 1903.  41. 
Gold  Nuggets — 1896.   342;   1898.   42. 
Goldman.  Emma.  Sentenc«^d — 1919,  659. 
Gompers  Case  Decision— 1910.  275. 
Good  Roads  Vote.   Illinois— 1919.  807. 
Gore.  T.  P.,  Sketch — 1908.  355;  1910,  392. 
Gorg-as,   W.   C..   Sketch — 1909.   323. 
Goritz.  Capture  of — 1917.  530 
Gorman,  A.  P.,  Sketch — 1903,  234. 


Gothenburg  System,   The — 1895,   103. 
Governments,   Foreign — See  Foreign  Countries. 
Governors — See  States. 
Grace,   Days   of — 1904,    18;   1905,    20,    and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Graces,  Three — 1912,  188. 
Graft  in  San  Francisco — 1908,  344. 
Graham,   W.  M.,   Sketch — 1899,   227. 
Grain  and  Produce  Statistics,  Chicago — In  each 

volume  from  1891. 
Grain  Measures — 1891,  125. 
Grain  Standards  Act — 1917,  193. 
Grand  Army — In  each  volume  from  1889. 
Grandpre.  Battle  of— 1919.  617. 
Grant,   A.   W.,    Sketch— 1918,    489. 
Grant,   F.  D.,  Death  of — 1913,  73. 
Grants  to  Railroads — 1898,  279. 
Graves,  H.  S..  Sketch— 1911,  334. 
Graves.  J.    T.,    Sketch — 1909.    321. 
Gray,  George,  Sketch — 1903,  238. 
Gray.  I.   P..   Sketch — 1894.   60. 
Great  Britain — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Great  Britain,  Arbitration  with — 1898,  260. 
Great  Britain  and  Venezuela — 1896,  86;  1897, 

127;    1898,   253. 
Great  Lakes  Naval  Station — 1912.  246;  1913. 

275,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Great  Northern   Strike — 1895,    78. 
Great  Seal  of  U.    S. — 1915,   92. 
Greater  New  York — 1895,  366. 
"Greatest  in  the  World" — 1902,  216. 
Greece — In  each  volume  since   1902. 
Greece.  Crete  and  Turkey — 1898,  249. 
Greece.  King  of.  Deposed — 1918.  515. 
Greek  Church  Calendar — 1905.   13;   1906.   14: 

1907.   13,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Greenhalge,   P.   T..   Sketch — 1896.   92. 
Greenland  Expedition.  Danish — 1909,  190. 
Gregory,   S.   S.,    Sketch — 1912.   405. 
Gresham,   W.   Q..    Sketch — 1894.    57. 
Gridley,  C.  V..   Sketch — 1899.  223. 
Griggs.  J.  W.,  Sketch — 1896,  93:  1899.  221. 
Griscom.   Lloyd  C..    Sketch— 1904.   206. 
Gronna,   Asle  J.,  Sketch — 19U'.  405. 
Grunsby.  Carl  E... Sketch — 1905.  205. 
Guam — In  each  volume  since  1900. 
Guam,  Canture  of — 1899.   140. 
Guard.    National— 1888.    29;    1889.    33;    1895. 

71:  1896,  50;  1902.  332:  1904.  186;  1908. 

217.   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Guard.  National,  Illinois — In  each  volume  since 

Guatemala — In  'each  volume  since  1902. 

Guatemala  in  War— 1919.  328. 

Guatemala    Transcontinental     Railroad — 1909, 

66. 

Gne-2-ftnheim.   S..   Sketch — 1908.   355. 
Guild.  Curtis.   Sketch — 1907.  274. 
Guilford  Battle  Monument — 1912.   67. 
Gum,  Money  Snent   for — 1917.   53. 
Gun.   Maxim.   Noiseless — 1909,   281. 
Gunness  Murders — 1909.  283. 
Gunnison   Water   Tunnel — 1912.    126. 
Guthrie.  G    W..  Sketch — 1914.  257 
Haakon   VII..   King— 1906,    132,    300. 
Hackett,    F.    W..    Sketch — 1901.    249. 
Ha g-enbeck- Wallace  Wreck— 1919.   160. 
Hains.   Peter  C.,   Sketch — 1906.   299. 
Haiti — In  each  volume  s^nce   1902. 
Haiti.   Revolution   in — 1909,    414;    1912.    130: 

1916.  209. 

Haiti.  Treaty  with — 1917,  163. 
Haiti's  President  Killed — 1913.  220;  1916,  209. 
Haiti  in  War— 1919.  329. 
Hale,   William  Bayard.   Case— 1919.    541. 
Halifax   Disaster — 1918.   514. 
Halley's  Comet— 1910.   332;    1911.  32 
Hamilton-Day  Murder  Trial — 1902.  107. 
Hamilton.  J.  W..  Sketch — 1901,  250. 
Hamlin,    C.   S.,   Sketch — 1894,   62. 
Hanford,  Benjamin,  Sketch — 1905,  204:  1908, 

322 

Hanford  Impeachment  Case — 1913.  220. 
Hangings  in  Cook  County — 1914.   530. 
Hanna,    M.    A..    Sketch — 1898.    209. 


FOB  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1008 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Hansbrough.  H.  C.,  Sketch— 1904.  202. 

Hanson.  Inga,  Trial — 190(3,   162. 

Harahan.  J.   T..    Killed — 1913,   126. 

Harbor  Commission,  Chicago — 1909,  541; 
1910,  530;  1912,  602,  620;  1913,  573; 
1914,  467. 

Harbor  Lights,  Chicago — 1908,  491,  and  in 
succeeding  volumes. 

Harbor,   Outer,   Plans— 1913,    550;   1914.   485. 

Hardinge,   C.,    Sketch — 1911,    334. 

Hardy.  A.  S.,  Sketch — 1898.  205;  1900,  125: 
1904,  205. 

Harlan.  J.  M.,  Death  of — 1912.  225. 

Harlan  on  Oil  and  Tobacco  Trusts — 1912.  45, 
62. 

Harlan,  Richard  D.,  Sketch — 1902.  99. 

Harmon,   J.,   Sketch — 1896,    87;   1911.  334. 

Harper,   William  R.,   Death   of — 1907,   242. 

Harriman,   E.  H.,  Death  of — 1910,  209. 

Harriman,   Job,   Sketch — 1901,   245. 

Harriman  Railroad  Decision — 1913.   398. 

Harris.  A.   C.,   Sketch — 1900.   125. 

Harris.  George  B..   Sketch — 1902.   100. 

Harris.  W.  A..  Sketch — 1898,  208. 

Harrison  Antinarcotic  Act — 1916,  236. 

Harrison,  Benjamin.  Letter  of— 1893,  156: 
Sketch.  1893.  60. 

Harrison.  F.  B.,  Sketch — 1914.  257. 

Harrod.   Benjamin  M.,  Sketch — 1905.  205. 

Hart.   C.   B..   Sketch — 1898.   206. 

Harvest  and  Hunter's  Moon— 1912.  24;  1914. 
56,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Harvester  Trust— 1903,  182;  1913,  54;  De- 
cision, 1915,  176. 

Harvests  of  the  World — 1890,  188. 

Harvey,  L.   D..   Sketch— 1909.   325. 

Hatters'  Case.  Danbxiry — 1916.   251. 

Hawaii — In  each  volume  since  1900. 

Hawaii.  Annexation  of— 1899,  145;  1901,  134. 

Hawaii.   Map  of — 1899.    143. 

Hawaiian  Question — 1894,  71;  1895,  98;  1898. 
265. 

Hawaiian  Sugar  Americanized— 1919.  325. 

Hawkins,   H.   S.,   Sketch — 1899,   228. 

Hawley.  Edwin.  Sketch — 1910.  892. 

Hay  Army  Bill — 1917.   203,  504. 

Hay.  John,  Sketch — 1898,  203;  Death,  1906. 
52. 

Hay-Pauncefote  Treaty — 1901.  280;  1902,  331. 

Fay,   Rules  to  Measure — 1888,   11. 

Fay   Statistics — See   Agriculture. 

Hayward,  M.  L..  Sketch — 1900,  127. 

Haywood  Murder  Trial — 1908,  '80. 

Health  Resorts — 1903.  162. 

Feat.  Excessive— 1  887.  16:  1902,  112. 

Fpatless  Dayg— 1919.  410. 

Feavens.  Chart  of — 1909,  446. 

F^brpw  Rar>o — 1888.  128. 

Fecker.  Frank   J..   Sketch — 1P05,    205. 

Heights  and  Wpie-hts  of  Pprsons — 1908.  330: 
1910,  151,  and  in  succeeding-  volumes. 

Hpitfpld.   H..    Sketch — 1898.  208. 

Hplg-olsnd  Bie-ht.  Battle  of— 1916.  323. 

Femenway,  Jamps  A..  Sketch — 190R.   297. 

Henderson,  D.  B..  Sketch — 1900.  129;  With- 
drawal of.  1903,  155. 

Hennenin  Canal  Law — 1901.  113;  Cana! 
Opened.  19O8.  231;  1909,  88.  and  in  suc- 
ceeding1 voiurpps. 

F°nry,  J«^n°a    A..    Sketch — 1905.   206. 

Fpnry.   Pri"pp.   V'ait  of — 1903.   152. 

Feprmer  (Ore.)   Disaster— 1904,  102. 

Ferhprt.   F.    A.,   SVotrh — 18O4.    57. 

Ferbert.  M.  F.,  SVptch — 1903,   235. 

Fprrick,   M.   T..   Skptoh — 1913.    388. 

Fprron.  Gporo-p  D..  Trial — 1901.  107. 

F^rtHner.   Court   von — 1919.    <*31,    4-37.    443. 

F»r7Psrovina.   Annexation — 19OP.   318. 

Hevburn,  W.  D.,  Sketch— 1904.  202;  1910, 
392. 

F'bbpn    John  G,  Sketch — 1913.   388. 

Fie-ginson.  F.  J..  Sketch — 18Q9,  2«*R. 

F;°-h  School  Colors — 1911.   90-    1912.   243. 

Hig-h  Structures — 1909,  330;  1910,  404:  1911 
131. 


Highest    Points    in    the    United    States  —  1900, 

212;   1910,  248,   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Hill,  David  J.,  Sketch—  1899,  221;  1904,  206. 
Hill,  James  J.,  Death  of  —  1917,   118. 
Hill,  John  F.,  Sketch  —  1910,  392. 
Hilles,  C.  D.,   Sketch  —  1912,  405. 
Hindenburg  Retreat  —  1918,   547. 
Hindu-German  Plot—  1919,  537. 
Hisgen,   Thomas  L.,    Sketch  —  1909,   321. 
Hitchcock,  E.  A.,  Sketch  —  1898,  206. 
Hitchcock,  F.    H.,    Sketch  —  1909,    323;    1910. 

33. 

Hitchcock,  G.  M.,   Sketch—  1912,  405. 
Hobart,  G.  A.,  Sketch  —  1897.  153. 
Hobson,   R.   P.,   Sketch—  1899.   226. 
Hoch,   Edward  W.,   Sketch  —  1907,   274. 
Hoch.  Johann,  Trial—  1906.  162:  1909.  282. 
Hodgson.  D.  B.,  Sketch—  1899.  226. 
Holidays,    Legal  —  In  each  volume   since   1893. 
Holland  —  In  each  volume   since    1902. 
Holland   and  Venezuela  —  1909.  414. 
Hollis,  H.  F.,   Sketch  —  1914,  257. 
Holmes  Case  —  1909,    282. 
Holmes,   O.  W.,   Sketch  —  1903.  235. 
Home    Rule,     Irish  —  1891,     332:     1894,     210; 

1913,  422;  1914,  397;  1915,  235;  1916,  44. 
Homes  and  Farms  —  1894.  209. 
Homestead     Laws  —  1900,     373;     1904,     105; 

1913,  189:  1914.  267. 
Homicides  and  Executions  —  1913,  210. 
Honduras  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Honduras-Nicaragnan  War—  1908.  188. 
Honduras  in  War—  1919.  329. 
Hongkong:  Typhoon—  1907.  267. 
Honor,  Chicago's  Roll  of—  1919.  836. 
Hookworm     Commission  —  1910,     326:      1911. 

116;    1912,   163:   1913.   539. 
Hopkins,  A.  J.,  Sketch  —  904,  203. 
Hopkins,  Henry.  Sketch  —  1903.  237. 
Hornblower.    W.    B..    Sketch  —  1894.    61. 
Horse,   Draft   of  —  1887,    14. 
Horse  Meat  in  Vienna  —  1902,   98. 
Horse  Statistics  —  See  Agriculture. 
Horses,  High  Priced  —  1891.  62:  1902,  297. 
Hospitals,    Chicago  —  1902,    406,    and    in    suc- 

ceeding volumes. 

Hospitals,  Reconstruction—  1919.  514. 
Hospitals  in  United  States  —  1907,   65,   and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Fot  Springs    (Ark.)    F're  —  1914.  66. 
Hptels  in  Chicago  —  1914,  565,  and  in  succeed- 

Ho"fest°  Days8'  in    Chicago  —  1913.    572;    1914. 

588,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
House  of  Lords.  Power  of  —  1908.   188;   1912 

IJQ 

Houston.  D.  S..  Sketch  —  1914.  35. 

Houston   (Tex.)   Fire  —  1913,  125. 

Houston  (Tex.)  Neerro  Outbreak  —  1918,  577, 


Howe    A    M  . 


1901.  246. 


.  .  . 

Hudson-Fulton   Ce^hration  —  1910.   213. 
Hug-hPS  Aircraft  Inqnirv—  1919.   553 
Husrhes,  Charles  E..  Sketch  —  1907.  274;  1911. 

334 

^Tns-hes.  William.    Skptoh  —  1914.   257. 
n—  t»I9.   525. 


.          . 

Hnnerarv-  Austria   Crib's  —  1906.    347. 
^nnt.   William   F..    SV^t^h  —  1902.    100. 
Hunting-  Accidents  —  1910.  433.  and  in  succeed- 

ing- VOl11T"P^ 

WnntPr    W    C.   S^ot^h  —  1  898.  20R. 
Hnntprs'   Moon  —  1914.    56,    and  in   succeeding 

vo1n*viPS. 

^Tntcnina    F    F     S^tch  —  1911.    334. 
TTnttie-    C    F      <31rotp>,  —  1013     388. 
HV^TIS,      •NTotior.oi  —  1P19.      901  r      1913.      333; 

1014     ono.    1015     174-    1916,    425;    1917. 

467:  '191  8.'  251:  1919.  71. 
Tbsen.   Henrik.  Death   of—  1907.   183. 
Tee.  Data  and  Navigation  —  1898.  238. 
Idaho.   Facts  About  —  1889.   180. 
Tde.  H.  C..  Sketch—  1901.  248;  1910,  392. 
Trips  and  Nonps  —  1909.   32 
Tdlenos".  Ca^os  of—  1915,  213. 
Ido,  Ru'es  of  —  1911.  82. 


FOB  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


1009 


Illinois  Administration  Code— 1918.   598. 

Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal — 1900,  428;  1907 
395. 

Illinois  Centennial— 1918.    628:    1919,   831. 

Illinois  Centennial   Coin— 1919.    382. 

Illinois  Central  Revenue — 1900.  164. 

Illinois  Central  Suits — 1912,   515. 

Illinois  Civil  List — In  each  volume  since  1887, 

Illinois  Congressional    Districts — In    each    vol- 
ume since  1902. 

Illinois,  Earthquake  in — 1913.  44. 

Illinois,  Governors — 1885,      14;      1908,      432: 
1909.  440,  and  in  succeeding'  volumes. 

Illinois  Hard  Road*  Plan— 1919.    822. 

Illinois  Legislation — See  Legislation,  Illinois 

Illinois,  Population^!  892,  56;  1902,  367.  and 
in  succeeding-  volumes. 

Illinois  School  Law — 1891,  66. 
.Illinois  Soldiers  in  World's   Wmr— 1919.  830. 

Illinois  State  Flower  and  Tree — 1909,  424. 

Illinois  State  Legislature — In  each  volume. 

Illinois  Vote — In  each  volume. 

Illinois  War  Bodies— 1918.   567;   1919,   860. 

Illiteracy  in  Europe— 1891,   67:  18&9.   69. 

Illiteracy   in   United    States— 1889,    188:    1897. 
290:   1899,  68:  1902.  57.  and  in  succeeding 


1905,  433:    1906.   440: 
468,    and    in    succeeding 


volumes. 
Illiterates  in  Ch 

1907.    424:    190 

volumes. 
Immigrants,  Destination  of — 1897,  289;   1898, 

80:    1913.   499. 
Immigrants,  Foreign — In    each    volume    since 

1888. 

Immigrants,  Illiteracy  of — 1897,  290. 
Immigrants,  Money  Brought  by — 1897,  290. 
Immigrants,  Occupation  of — 1897.  289. 
Immigration  Bill  Veto — 1916,  241. 
Immigration  Law — 1905,  69;  1906,  72,  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Immigration  Law  of  1917—1918,  45. 
Immigration  Statistics — In  each  volume. 
Immunity  of  Witnesses — 1907,   175. 
Impeachment,   Archbald — 1914.    201. 
Impeachment    Cases— 1916.    242;    1918,    241: 

1919.  222. 

Impeachment,  Ferguson — 1918.   182. 
Impeachment,  Sulzer — 1914,  201. 
Imports — In  each  volume. 
Imports    Under   Reciprocity — 1892,    130. 
Inaugural— 1894,    79;    1898,    211:    1910.    31; 

1918.  39. 

Income  Tax  Amendment — 1914.  48. 
Income  Tax,   British — 1916,   253,   and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Income  Tax  Collection— 1918.  184;  1919.  167. 
Income  Tax  Law — 1895,  227;  1910,  35;  1911, 

52,   328;    1912,    129;    1913,   247;    1914,   249 

(text);   1915,   102:   1918.   428.  441. 
Incomes,  Taxable — 1915,  520,  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Incorporation  Fees,   Illinois — 1904,  402. 
Indemnity,    Chinese — 1909.    163. 
Indemnities     Claimed     from     Germany— 1919, 

669. 
Independence.  Declaration  of — 1908,  31;  1909. 

31:  1919.  710. 

India — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
India  Plague   and  Famine — 1902,    107;   1906, 

76;   1908,   337;   1912,   308. 
India.   Riots  in — 1908.   80. 
Indian  Reservation — 1891,  68;  1905,  119,  and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 

Indian    Schools — 1891.    68:    1892,    58:    18P3 
237;  18P4,  215;  1897.  172:  1898.  128:  1899, 
230:  1900.  282:  1901.  284:  1902,  148. 
Indian  Territory  Statehood — 1907.   175. 
Indiana  Floods— 1914.  447. 
Indians  in  United  States — 1892.  93:  1902,  54. 

and  in  sn^ceedine-  volumes. 
Industrial  Board.   Illinois — 1914.   492.    558. 
Industrial  Combinations — 1903,  64;   1904.  '85. 


Industry,  Centers  of  —  1903,  27. 
Industry,  Returns   of  —  1897.    179. 
Information,  Committee  on  Public  —  1918.  550. 
"In  God  We  Trust"  —  1894,  201;  1909,  163 
Inheritance   Tax  —  1904.    389,    and   in   succeed- 
ing volumes;  Inheritance  Tax,  U.  S.  —  1917, 

Initiative.   The  —  1912.  91. 

Insane  in  United  States  —  1906.  243:  1908.  61. 

and  in  succeeding-  volumes. 
Insig-nia.    Army    and   Navy—  1918.    486.    487; 


Industrial   Growth — 1897.   58. 
Industrial  Pf>ace  Foundation — 1912.   128. 
Industrial    Workers    of    World.     Strikes,    Doc- 
trines—1918.   193.  557:   1919.  424. 

FOB  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


,        . 

Inspection  of  Live   Stock  —  1891.   121. 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters  —  1914,  354. 
Insular  Case  Decision  —  1902,    101. 
Insurance  Laws.  Workmen's  —  1914.   139. 
Insurance,    Statistics—  1896,    226;    1902,    132: 

1906,  346,    and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Insurance    War—  1918.    415.    453.    488:    1919, 

o91.    517,    518. 

Intelligence  Tests—  1919.   681. 
Interallied  War   Conference  —  1918,   525. 
Interest,  Rates  of  —  In  each  volume  since  1897. 
Interest,  Table  of  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Intermountain  Rate  Case—  1915.  95. 
Internal    Revenue    Statistics  —  In  each   volume. 
International  Monetary  Conference  —  1894,   67. 
Internment  Camps  —  1918,  532. 
Inventions  —  1917.  47. 
Ireland—  1904,    211;    1905,    109;    1906,    117; 

1912.   201,   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Ireland,  Revolt  in  —  1917,  481. 
Irish  Convention—  1919.  772. 
Irish  Home  Rule  —  See  Home  Rule,  Irish. 
Irish  Land-Purchase    Law  —  1904.    210 
Iron  and  Steel   Production  —  1892.    121;   1895. 

172;  1900.  267;   1904.  50:   1905.  38;   1906. 

141.    and  in   succeeding  volumes. 
Iron  Ore,  Supply  of  —  1910,  173. 
Iron,     Pig,     Product—  1891,     90;     1895,     172; 

1907,  88,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
[ron  Workers'  Cases  —  See  Dynamite  Cases. 
Iroquois  Theater  Fire  —  1904,  449;  1905,  246: 

1906.   134;   1908.   78. 

Irrigation  Conventions  —  1895,  259. 

Irrigation  of  Arid  Lands  —  1900.  281;  1905. 
44;  1908.  74,  369.  and  in  succeeding  vol- 
umes. 

Irving,  Henry,  Death  of  —  1906.  296. 

Irwin,   J.    N.,    Sketch  —  1900.    125. 
Isle  of  Pines  Decision  —  1908,  386. 

Italia  Irredenta—  1919.  672. 
Italian  War  Mission  —  1918,  527. 
Italo-Turkish    War  —  1912,    412;     1913,    422:  ' 
1914,   130. 

:taly  —  1902,  117,  and  in  subsequent  volumes. 

taly.    Difficulty   with  —  1893.    59.  • 

:taly   Enters   European   War  —  1916,    316. 

taly.   Weekly   Rest   Day  —  1909.   30. 

to.  Prince.  Assassination  —  1910.  281. 

rackson,  H.  E..  Sketch  —  1894.  61. 

facksonville    (Fla.)    Fire  —  1902.   82. 

acob  Jones  Sunk  —  1918,  542. 

Jamaica   Hurricane  —  1904.   354. 

fames,  E.  J.,  Sketch  —  1903,  237. 

ames.     Ollie.  Sketch  —  1913.  388. 
Jamestown  Exposition  —  1908,  352. 
Japan  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Japan-California  Land  Dispute  —  1914.   399. 
Japan,  China    and    Korea  —  1895,    235:    1896, 

76. 

Japan,  Death  of  Emperor  —  1913,  225. 
Japan.  Earthquake  in  —  1915,   237. 
Japanese-American   Agreement  —  See   American- 

Japanese  Agreement. 

Japanese   Antarctic  Expedition  —  1912.  210. 
Japanese-Chinese  Dispute  —  1916.    173. 
Jananese-English    Alliance  —  1903,    145;    1906, 

127:  1912.  30. 

Japanese  Exclusion  —  1908.  77:  1910,  182. 
Japanese  Exposition  —  1908.    379. 
Japanese-French  Treaty  —  1908.    189. 


Japanese  in  Schools — 1907.  348;  1908.  340. 
Jananese  in  the      United      States — 1902,      54; 

1904.    64:    1907,    348.    and    in    succeeding 

volumes. 


1010 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOE   1920. 


Japanese-Russian  Treaty — 1908.  189;  1911 
62;  1917,  26d. 

Japanese-Kussian  War — 1905,  279;  1906.  301 
1907,  99;  1908,  135;  1909.  37;  1910,  207 
1911.  68;  1912.  122. 

Japanese  Treaty,   The — 1895.    231. 

Jarvis,  T.  J..  Sketch — 1895.  105. 

Jaurea,  Jean,  Assassination — 1915.  64. 

Jed  Mine  Disaster — 1913,  260. 

Jeffries-Johnson  Fight — 1911,   232. 

Jena,  Explosion  on  the — 1908,  22. 

Jerome,   W.  T..  Sketch — 1906,  300. 

Jersey  City  Explosion — 1912.  137. 

Jersey  City  Fire — 1917.  66. 

Jerusalem  Captured— 1918.  516;  Water  System 
in.  1919.  585. 

Jett,   Curtis,   Trial   of— 1904.   245. 

Jette,    Louis  A.,    Sketch — 1904,    205. 

Jewish  Movement  to  Palestine — 1899,  308. 

Jews,  Distribution  of — 1904,  126;  1905.  228 
1906  347. 

Jews  in  America — 1897.  162 ;  1904,  126. 

Jews  Massacred  in  Russia — 1904.  221;  1906 
312;  1907,  270. 

Joan  of  Arc  Beatification — 1910,   196. 

Joffre.  Gen.,  in  Chicago — 1918,  571. 

Johnson,  C.   F.    Sketch — 1912,    405. 

Jqhnson,  Hale,    Sketch — 1897.    155. 

Johnson,  H.    W.,    Sketch — 1913.   387. 

Johnson,  John  A..    Sketch — 1907.   274. 

Johnson,  W.  M.,  Sketch — 1901,  249. 

Johnston.  J.  P..  Sketch — 1908,  355. 

Joliet  Prison  Riot— 1918.   733. 

Jones,  Charles    R.,    Sketch — 1906.    300. 

Jones.  Wesley    L.,    Sketch — 1910.    392. 

Judges,   Impeachment   of — 1916,   242. 

Judicial  Code,  U.  S.— 1912.  65. 

Judicial  Recall,  Arizona — 1913.  493. 

Judicial  Recall  Veto^l912.  74. 

Judiciary,  Cook  County — In  each  volume. 

Judiciary,  United  States — In  each  volume. 

Jugo  Slav  Nation— 1919.  524. 

Juliana.   Princess,   Holland — 1910.   321. 

Jusserand.   J..   Sketch — 1903.  236. 

Justices,  Chicago — 1902.  391;  1903.  410,  412: 

1904,  394;  1905.  408;  1906,  444. 
Jutland.  Battle  of— 1917.  470. 
Juul  Law  Decision — 1913.  427. 
Juvigny.  Battle  of— 1919.  615. 
Kansas  Coercion   (Labor)   Case — 1916.  243. 
Katmai  Crater — 1918,    193. 
Karageorgevitch.   Peter.   Sketch — 1904,  206. 
Kean.   John.  Sketch— 1900.   127. 
Kearns.  Thomas.  Sketch — 1902,  100. 
Kearsarge  Explosion — 1907.  16. 
Keifer.  J.  W..  Sketch— 1899.  228. 
Kellogg1.  F.  B..   Sketch — 1913.  388. 
Kenesaw    Mountain    Monument — 1912.    89. 
Kennedy  Bequests — 1910.   327. 
Kenney.  R.  R..  Sketch — 1898.  207. 
Kent,  J.  F..   Sketch— 1899,  229. 
Kenyon,  William  S.,  Sketch — 1012.  405. 
Kern,  J.  W..  Sketch — 1909,  321:  1912.  405. 
Khabarovsk  Railway  Bridge — 1918.  152. 
Kidnaping   Cases.    Famous — 1910.    112. 
Kingsland    (N.  J.)    Explosion — 1918.   502. 
Kingston  Earthquake  and  Fire — 1908.  177. 
Kinmundy    (111.)    Railroad  Wreck — 1P13,    126. 
Kitchener.   Lord.  Death  of — 1017.  470. 
Kittredge,  Alfred  B..  Sketch— 1902.  100;  1904. 

203. 

fnitted  Garments  in  War— 1919.  549. 
nox.  Philander  C..  Sketch — 1902,  100;  1904, 
203;   1910.   35. 

Kongo — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Korea — In  each  volume  since  1903. 
Korea  Annexed  by  Japan — 1911.  129. 
Kristianiafjord,    Wreck   of— 1918.    147. 
Kroonland  Medals — 1915,  290. 
Kruger,  Paul,  Death  of— 1905.  138. 
:  Sut-el-Amara    Surrender- — 1917,    530. 
Iwantung.  Rebellion  in— 1912.  78. 
i Labor  Administration.  U.  S.— 1919.  416. 
Labor  Agents   Convicted — 1918.   40. 
Labor,  Alien  Contract — 1912.    103. 


Labor  Boards.  War— 1919.  417.  418. 
.Labor,  Convict — 1898,  93. 


Labor  Decisio 


-1916,    243. 


Labor  Injunctions — 1908,  366. 
Labor  Law,  Child — 1917.  192. 
Labor  Laws— 1895.  90. 

Labor  Organizations — 1902,    97.    and   in    suc- 
ceeding  volumes . 
Labor  Troubles — See  Strikes. 
Labor  Unions.  Statistics  of — 1907.  252:  1908. 

158. 

Ladrones — 1899.  139. 
Lafayette  Squadron— 1919,  550. 
LaFollette,    R.    M.,    Sketch — 1906,   297;    1913. 

388:  Censured,  1919.  7§9. 
LaFollette  Seaman  Law — 1916,  233. 
Lake  Front  Agreement — 1912.  486;  1913,  542: 

1914,  556;  1916.  667. 
Lake    Marine — 1896.    245;     1898.    65;    1901. 

169;   1906.  454;   1907.   440. 
Lakes  and  Rivers  Commission  Act — 1912,  86. 
Lakes,  Equipment    of — 1.892.    194. 
Lakes,  Latest  in  United  States — 1918.  255. 
Lakes,  Size  of— 1885,  11;   1908,   170.  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Lakes  Under  Deserts — 1918,  223. 
Lakes-to-Gulf     Waterway— 1908.     399:     1909. 
548;   1910,  72.  403;   1911.  313;   1912.  291. 
Lamont,  D.  S.,  Sketch — 1894.  57. 
Lamoreux.  S.  W.,  Sketch — 1894.  62. 
Land  Grant  Forfeitures — 1891,   112. 
Land  Monopoly — 1888,    125. 
Land  Owning  Aliens— 1896.  81. 
Land  Purchase  Law.  Irish — 1904.  210. 
Land  Resources  of  United  States — 1910,  170. 
Lands,   Mineral — 1900,  375. 
Lands,  Public — In  each  volume  from  1886. 
Lane.  F.   K.,   Sketch— 1914,  35. 
Lane.  Harry,  Sketch — 1914,  257. 
Languages    Spoken — 1894,     180;     1896,    201; 
1901,  137;  1909.  172;  1910.  321;  1911,  52; 
1912.  98;   1919.   65. 
[languages  Spoken  in  Chicago — 1904.   405. 
Lansing,    Robert.    Made    Secretary    of    State — 
1916.  335;  Note  on  Mexican  Disorders,  1917. 
535. 

Lapiner  Kidnaping  Case— 1910.  112. 
Liarchmont,  Wreck  of  the — 1908,  177. 
Lard,  Price  of — In  each  volume  from  1891. 
Lassen  Park  Act — 1917.  195. 

assen's   Peak,    Eruption — 1915,    232. 
Lathrop,  Julia  C..   Sketch — 1913,  388. 
~atimer,  A.  C.,  Sketch — 1904.  203. 
Lawler    Monument — 1912,    89. 

awrence  Textile   Strike — 1913.   372. 
Lawton.  H.  W..   Sketch — 1899.   228. 
Lea.  Luke.  Sketch — 1912.  405. 
^conte.    President.    Killed— 1913.    220. 
Lee,   Fitzhugh,   Sketch — 1899.  228. 
Leech,  John  S.,  Sketch — 1909,  323. 
Leelanaw  Case — 1917,  499. 
Legacy  Tax  Law — 1901,  91. 
,erral  Decisions — 1908,   338:   1909.  255 
Legations,  Foreign,  in  United  States — In  each 

volume  from  1887. 

Legislation.  Illinois — 1902,  374;  1904.  355: 
1906.  379;  1908,  403,  and  in  succeeding 
volumes. 

legislation.  Important — In  each  volume, 
^egislature,  Illinois — In  each  volume, 
.eg-islatures.   State — See  States. 
Lesrler.   Henry  E.,   Sketch — 1910.  3P3. 
Leishman.    J.    G..    Sketch — 1898.    206. 
,enin.  Attempt  to  Kill— 1919.  468. 
,eo  XIIL,   Death  of — 1904.    112. 
.eonard,  J.  F.   R.,  Sketch— 1001.  244. 
-eupp.  Francis  E.,  Sketch — 190fi.   299. 
^evees.   Rebuilding  of — 1913.    190. 
evering,    Joshua,    Sketch — 18P7.    155. 
,    James    H.,    Sketch — 1914.    257. 
ewis,  W.  S..  Sketch — 1909,  323. 
iberia — 1907,    115,    and    in    succeeding    vol- 
umes. 

iberte   Disaster — 1912.    395. 
Liberty  Bell.    Facts   About — 1905,    169. 


FOE  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


1011 


ibraries,  Carnegie  —  1910,  218. 
Libraries    in    Chicago  —  In    each    volume    since 

Library,  Smallest  —  1902,   132. 

LibrarV  War  Work-1919    202. 

License.  High  and  Low—  1895.  69 

License    Systems   of   Cities—  1905.    191:    1908. 

QQQ 


337- 


Lieutenant-Generals.  List  of—  1919    497. 
Life,  Average  of  Human  —  1888.  18 
Life    Duration  in  Chicago—  1908.  477. 
Life   Insurance    Scandals  —  1906     346. 
Life   Saving  at    Sea  —  1913.    188. 
Life     Saving    Service  —  1887,     27:     1888.     5 
1905    176,  and  in  succeeding  volumes.     (See 


S.-1917.  42    43 


).  23;  1910. 


,  Highest—  1903,  280. 


Lightning.  Loss  of  Life  by—  1902.  335. 
Li  Hung  Chang.   Death  of—  1902  ,166. 


since 


Lincoln  Centenary—  1910.   33 


Lincoln  Gettysburg 

Lincoln  Homestead—  1917.   69,   195. 

Lincoln    Memorial  —  1914.    38 


711. 


358. 


68. 


Lithographic  Stone— 1918.   79. 
Lithuania— 1919.   527. 
Lister,  Josenh.  Death   of— 1913,   30 
Little    Frank    Lynching — 1918.    193. 
Living.  Cost  of— S^e  Cost  of  Living 

"oterGM.  «8.  ^r1918- 

JS!^n'%tt18»  ?™ 

i&wwJSsai 

Loans  to 


il?9 


526. 


Lloy 
Loai 


Local  Option  Law, 

Lochren.  W..   Sketch—  1894.  61 

Lockouts.  Statistics  of—  *g  Strikes. 

Locomot  i  ve.    Largest—  1903  260  . 


. 
403;   1909, 


1 

volumes. 


1909    460.   and  in 
Loetschberg   Tunnel—  1912     413 
London.  Declaration  of—  1912.  78;  1913.  178. 

1  Q1  4-       9 


«• 


Lottery,    Law 


Loubet.    Attempt    to    Kill — 1906,    166. 

Louisiana  Hurricane — 1916,   201. 

Louisiana   Purchase — 1901,    132. 

Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition — See  Exposi- 
tion, St.  Louis. 

Lovett,   R.  S.,   Sketch— 1910.   393. 

Lowell,    A.    L..    Sketch — 1910.    393. 

Lowndes.   L..    Sketch — 1896.   92. 

Lucia.  Torpedoing  of— 1919,  548. 

Lumber  Industry,  Decline  of — 1903,  55;  1908. 
44.  123. 

Lumber  Supply — 1909.  77;  1910,  177. 

Lumber   Trust    Decision — 1915,    95. 

Lusitania,  Steamship — 1908,  43;  Torpedoed 
and  Sunk.  1916.  335:  1919.  748. 

Luther  Letter,   High   Price  for — 1912,   129. 

Lutherans — See    Religious    Statistics. 

Luxburg  Cable — 1918,   501. 

Luxemburg  Liberated— 1919,  657. 

Lynchings — 1902,  337,  and  in  succeeding  vol- 
umes. 

Macedonia.    Revolt    in — 1904.    221. 

Mack.    Norman.    Sketch — 1909.    323. 

Macmillan-Borup  Expedition — 1912,  210;  1916. 
217:  1918.  193. 

MacVeagh.  W.,  Sketch— 1895.  105:  1910.  33. 

Madden  Conspiracy  Case — 1910,   375. 

Madero.   President.    Killed — 1914,   355. 

Magelssen.  Vice-Consul,  Attack  on — 1904.  210. 

Maginnis.   M.    J..    Sketch — 1901.    247. 

Magoon,   Charles  E.,    Sketch — 1906,   299. 

Maguire.  M..   Sketch — 1897.   157. 

Mail  by  Airplane— 1919.  213. 

Mail  Time  from  Chicago — 1906,  426,  and  in 
succeeding  volumes. 

Maine.  Destruction  of  the — 1899.  110,  312; 
To  Be  Raised.  1911,  45;  Cause  of  Loss, 
1912.  403:  Removed  from  Havana  and  Sunk 
in  Sea,  1913,  158. 

Malloney,  J.  F.,  Sketch — 1901,  244. 

Mallory,    S.   R..    Sketch — 1898.   207. 

Man.  Proper  Weight  of  a-^1890.  89:  1902.67. 

Manchuria,    Plague   in — 1912.    308. 

Manchurian    Neutralization — 1911.    327. 

Manila,  Map  of — 1900.  218. 

Manila.   Victory   at — 1899.    115. 

Mansfield.  Richard.  Death  of — 1908.  136. 

Mantle.   Lee.   Sketch — 1896.   90. 

Manufactures,  Statistics  of — In  each  volume 
from  1890. 

Map.  Now  Nations— 1919.  521. 

Maps.  W?»T^1915.  432.  433:  1916.  3*9.  350. 
351.  352:  1918.  516.  546.  548.  549,  550: 
1919.  585.  607.  610.  621.  623. 

Marble.    John  H..   Sketch — 1914.   257. 

March.   Gen.,   Renort   on  War— 1919.   571. 

Marconi's  Invention — 1902.   366:   1908,  329. 

Mariana  Islands,   Man — 1899.    139. 

Marianna  Mine   Disaster — 1909,   423. 


Mari 


See  Shinning-  Data. 


Marine  Corps,  Secretary  Daniels'  Report— 1919, 

568. 

Marne,   Battle  of — 1915,  455. 
Marriage   Laws — 1893,    82:    1895,    395;    1903. 

181.   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Mars  Nearest  Earth — 1907.  15;  1909,  22. 
Marshall,  T.  R..  Sketch — 1913,  387;  1914.  35. 
Marshals.    United    States — In   each    volume. 
Martin.  J..  Sketch — 1894.  64. 
Martine.   J.    E.,   Sketch — 1912.   406. 
Martinique  Disaster — 1903.    151. 
Marvin.   C.  F..   Sketch — 1914.   258. 
Maryland.  Race  Questions  in — 1902,   108. 
Mason,    W.   E.,    Sketch — 1898.    208. 
Massey.  W.   A..   Sketch — 1913.   389. 
Matches,  Poisonous.  Law  Against — 1913.  189. 
Matchett.   C.   H..    Sketch — 1897.    157. 
Matsushima  Disaster — 1909,    142. 
Mattoon  Tornado— 1918.  36. 
Mauretania,    Steamship — 1908     395 
Mawson    Expedition — 1912.    510;    1914.    184: 

MaxwVll,   w!   H..    Sketch — 1905,   206. 

Mayhrick  Case — 1905.   84. 

Mayflower,  Passengers   on — 1888,   126. 


FOB  INDEX  OF  THE  CTJBBENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1012 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Mayors   of  Chicago — See  Chicago  Mayors. 
Mayors    of    Large    Cities — 1902,    216,    and    in 

succeeding'   volumes. 
Measures  and  Weights — 1890,  188;  1891,  125; 

1892,  40.  115;  1896,  43,  52;  1902,  75,  and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Meat  Inspection  Law— 1891.  Ill;  1907,  167, 

171. 

Meatless  Days— 1919.  403. 
Meat  Trade  of  World — 1907,  37. 
Meat  Trust  Case  Ended — 1913,   159. 
Medal  of  Honor  Act — 1917,  196. 
Mediation,  Board,   U.  S. — 1915.  234. 
Meiklejohn.  A.,  Sketch — 1913,  389. 
Meline,  J.  F.,   Sketch — 1894,   62. 
Melville,  G.  W.,  Death  of — 1913.   150. 
Memorial  Bridge — 1914,  238. 
Memphis.  Wreck  of  the — 1917,  172. 
Men  and  Women,  Proportion  of — 1902,  96. 
Meningitis  Epidemic — 1906.   348. 
Merchant   Marine   Bill — 1916,   237. 
Merchant  Marine,   Growth  of — 1916,   477. 
Merriam   Commission,    Chicago — 1910.  .471. 
Merriam.  H.   C.,  Sketch — 1899,  227. 
Merriam,  W.  R..  Sketch— 1900.  126. 
Merrimac  Message — 1899,  319. 
Merrimac,   Sinking  of  the — 1899,   116. 
Merritt,   W.,    Sketch— 1899,    226. 
Merry,   W.  L.,   Sketch — 1898,   206. 
Mesopotamia,  Campaign  in — 1918.  515. 
Messages   to   Congress — 1894,    81;    1897,    265, 

and   in  succeeding  volumes. 
Messina   Earthqui-ke — 1912.   414. 
Metals.   Cost   of  Rare — 1900.   186. 
Metals.   Melting  Point — 1892.    126. 
Metals,    Specific  Gravity — 1892.    126. 
Metcalf,   H.   B.,   Sketch — 1901,   243. 
Metcalfe.  R.  L.,   Sketch — 1914.  258. 
Methodist   Thank  Offering — 1904.    144. 
Methodists — See  Religious   Statistics. 
Metric  Tables — 1888.   8:   1892,  40;  1896,   52, 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Meuse-Argronne  Offensive— 1919,  564. 
Mexican  Mediation — 1915,  237. 
Mexico — In   each   volume    since   1902. 
Mexico,  Revolutions  in — 1911.  491;  1912,  211; 


1913,    395;    1914, 
301;    1917,    535;    191 


1915,    222;    1916, 
583. 


Meyer,  G.   von  L.,   Sketch  —  1901,  248;   1907. 

273;    1910.   33. 

Michigan  Governors  —  1885.   14. 
Mid-European  Union—  1919.  523. 
Midshipmen,  Number  Increased  —  1917,  234. 
Mikkelsen  Expedition—  1912,   210;   1913.    149. 
Miles,  N.  A..  Sketch—  1896.   88;   1899.  226. 
Miles   of  Different   Nations  —  1890,    69;    1912, 

Militancy  in  England  —  1914,    397. 

Military  Academy—  1888,  26;  1894,  202;  1904, 

186,    and   in   succeeding   volumes 
Military  Department  of  Lakes  —  1902,  392,  and 

in    succeeding    volumes. 
Militia  —  See   Guard,   National. 
Militia  Age.    Males   of—  1893.    38;   1902.   58; 

1905,   62,   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Militia  Drafting  Act  —  1917,    196. 
Mti|tia    Law  —  1909.    164. 
Mil*.   Pasteurization   of  —  1917,   62. 
Millard,   J.   H..    Sketch—  1902,    100. 
Miller,  A.  C.,   Sketch  —  1914,  258. 
Mills  Tariff  Bill  —  1908,  69. 


Milton,  W.  H.,  Sketch—  1909,  323. 


Milwaukee  Avenue  State 


909,  32 
Bank  — 


1907.  411. 


.          . 

Milwaukee  (Wis.)  Bomb  Explosion  —  1918,578. 
Milwaukee,  Cruiser.  Loss  of  —  1918.   154. 
Mineral  Products.  United  States  —  In  each  vol- 

ume since  1891. 

Miners'  Strike,  British  —  1913,  162. 
Mines,    Casualties   in  —  1891,    122;    1902,    336, 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Mines,  Deepest  —  5906,  116. 
Minimum  Wage  Laws  —  1914,  415;  1915,  212; 


Mining'  Disasters,  Great — 1914,   86. 
Minnesota  Forest  Fires— 1919.  208. 

FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


Minnesota.  Governors  of — 1885,  15. 
Minton,  H.  C..  Sketch — 1902.  100. 
Mints.  United  States — 1906,  189;  1908,  196: 

1910,  119,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Mirbach.   Count,   Killed— 1919.   468. 
Missions,   American   and  foreign — 1908,    139: 

1909,  223. 

Missions,  Income  of — 1901,  145;  1902,  149. 
Missions.  War,    to   and   from   America — 1918, 

527. 

Mississippi  Centennial — 1917,  197. 
Mississippi  Hurricane — 1916,    201. 
Mississippi  River  Commission — 1898.  280. 
Mississippi  River  Floods — 1915,   518. 
Missouri  Athletic  Clubhouse  Fire — 1915.   184. 
Mitchel,  J.  P.,  Elected  Mayor  of  New  York — 

1914,  428;  Attempt  to  Kill,   1915,  159. 
Mitchell,  John,   Sketch — 1903,  238. 
Mitchell,  John  H.,   Trial — 1906.   162. 
Mitchell.  J.  L..   Sketch — 1894,   62. 
Mobilization  of  Industries — 1917,  227. 
Moldavia.   Sinking  of— 1919.  547. 
Molineux  Case — 1902,  107;  1903.  156. 
Monetary  Commission — 1910,   126. 
Money,  H.  D.,  Sketch— 1897,  160. 
Money,  Foreign — See  Coins. 
Money  Orders,    Rates — In    each    rolume    since 

1902. 

Money,  Statistics — In  each  volume  from  1891. 
Money  Trust  Investigation — 1913,  489. 
Mongolia  Sinks   Submarine — 1918,    538. 
Monongah  Mine   Disaster — 1908.    396. 
Monroe  Doctrine — 1896,  71;  1902.  85,  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Monroe,   Wreck  of  the — 1915,  97. 
Montenegro — 1907,     111,     and    in    succeeding: 

volumes. 

Monterey  Flood— 1910.   95. 
Months,  Symbols  of — 1912,  210:  1913.  178. 
Monuments,  Height  of— 1885.  10. 
Monuments  in  Chicago — In  each  volume  since 

1902. 
Moody.  William  H.,  Sketch— 1903,  235;  1905. 

204. 

Moon,  Facts  About — 1908,   26;  1910.  23. 
Moon,  Harvest  and  Hunter's — 1912,  24;  1913. 

30,   and   in  succeeding  volumes. 
Mooney  Case — 1919.  770. 
Moonlight,   Col.   T.,   Sketch— 1895,   105. 
Moore,  David   H.,    Sketch — 1901,    250. 
Moore.  J.   H.,   Sketch — 1906.   299. 
Morgan.   J.  P.,    Sketch — 1902.    100;   Art   Pur- 
chases by,   1903,   182;  Death  of,   1914,  258. 
Morgan,   J.    P.    (Jr.),    Attempt   to   Kill — 1916. 

344. 
Morgan  Park  Annexed — 1912,  461;  1913.  622 

(void):   1915,  634. 
Morgenthau,   H.,   Sketch — 1914,   258. 
Morocco — 1906,   135;   1908.   185.   and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 
Morocco,  Dispute — 1906.  350;  1907.  85:  1908. 

244;  1909.  264;  1912.  359. 
Morocco.  War  in — 1910.  428. 
Moros,  Battle  with,  at  Jolo — 1907,  39. 
Morrison.  Jessie.  Trial — 1902.  107. 
Morrison  Tariff  Bills — 1908.  69. 
Mortgages   on   Acres — 1895.    62. 
Mortgages.  Farm— 1894.   207;   1913,  495. 
Mortgages  on  Lots — 1895.  62. 
Morton,   Paul,    Sketch — 1905.    204. 
Moses,   B.,  Sketch — 1901,  248. 
Mosquito  Coast  Incident — 1895,  233. 
Mothers'  Day  Law — 1915,  289. 
Mottoes,  State— 1915,   513;   1916,  216. 
Mountain,   Highest,   in  North  America — 1902, 

77;  1918,  140. 
Mountains.  Highest— 1888,  17:  1907,  136,  and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 

Mount  Vernon.  The.  Torpedoed— 1919.  548. 
Moxley,  W.  J.,  Elected  to  Congress — 1910,  521. 
Muck.  Dr.  Carl.  Case— 1919.   539. 
Mueller  Municipal  Ownership  Law — 1904.  355: 


1908,  411. 

Muhlon  War  Disclosures— 1919.  347. 
Mukden,    Battle    of— 1906,   303. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


1013 


Mulkey.  F.  W.,  Sketch — 1908*.  355. 

Munday  Conspiracy   Trial — 1916,   678. 

Municipal  Harbors.    Law — 1912,    87. 

Municipal  Pier — See  Pier.  Municipal. 

Munitions  *f  War — 1916.  414:  1918.  519,  610. 

Murders  in  United  States — 1912.  393. 

Murphy,  J.   B.,    Sketch — 1911.    334. 

Murray.  L.  O..   Sketch — 1909.   32.3. 

Music  in  Chicago — 1912.  581,  and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Mutsuhito,    Emperor.    Death   of — 1913.    225. 

Myers.   H.   L.,   Sketch — 1912.  406. 

McAdoo.  W.  G..  Sketch— 1914.  35:  Resigns  as 
Secretary.  1919.  785. 

McBride.  G.  W..  Sketch — 1896.  91. 

McCabe.  Charles.  Sketch — 1897.  161. 

McCook,  A.  McD.,  Sketch — 1895.  106. 

McCormick,  R.   S.,   Sketch — 1904,   204. 

McCreary.   J.   B.,    Sketch — 1903.   234. 

McCumber,  P.  J.,  Sketch — 1900,   128. 

McCurtain  Mine  Disaster — 1913,  260. 

McDonald,   Dora.  Trial — 1909.   318. 

McDowell,  William  F..  Sketch — 1905.  206 

McEnery.   S.  D.,   Sketch — 1897,   161. 

McGinty,  G.  B.,  Sketch — 1914,  258. 

McGovern,  Francis  E..  Sketch — 1911,  334. 

Mclntyre,  R.,   Sketch— 1909.   323. 

McKenna,  J.  B.,  Sketch — 1898.  202. 

McKenzie,  J.  A..  Sketch — 1894.   59. 

McKinley  Monument — 1908,   398. 

McKinley  Tariff   Bill — 1908.   69. 

McKinley,  W..  Sketch — 1897.  153;   1901,  241 

McKinley,  William,    Assassination — 1902.    109 

McKinney.  L.  F..  Sketch — 1894.  600. 

McLaurin.  A.  J..  Sketch— 1896,  92;  1901,  247. 

McLean,   G.  P..   Sketch — 1912,  406. 

McLemore    Resolution — 1917,    475. 

McMillin.   B..    Sketch — 1914.    258. 

McNamara  Dynamite  Case — 1912.  470. 

McReynolds.    J.   C..    Sketch— 1914.   35. 

Nas-el,   Charles.    Skptch — 1910.    33. 

National  Defense  Movement — 1917.   199. 

National  Securitv  Lpaame — 1916,  278. 

Nativity  of  Population — See  Foreign-Born 
Population. 

Naturalization  Laws — 1889.  69:  189«.  2°.*: 
1900.  114;  1907.  167,  173;  1909,  42,  and 
in  succeeding-  volumes. 

Naval   Disasters.    List    of — 1909.    280. 

Naval   Emprerency  Law — 1918.    56. 

Naval  Gunnery  Records — 1905,  280:  1913, 
428. 

Nav^i  Militia,   Illinois — In  each  volume   since 

1902. 

Naval  Reserve  Law — 1916.   ?34;   I01 7.   Of*i . 

Naval  Training     Station — 1912,     246:      1913, 

275 

Naval  Training-   Stations — 1918.    494. 

Navffts.^M-roh^^ 1894.9206;;'l896.  51:  1897. 

248:   1898     248 
Navips    of   thp   w0ri^ — 1887     i°-    1  «OQ     17?' 

1896.    51;   1899.   98;    1902.  66,  222.    and  in 


Navigation.  Inlar.^ — 189R,  238. 

N-w.    O— man.    p"*-rrrv^   of_ioip.   p<?3. 

Navy.  TT.  S.,  Act  for  Larger — 1917,  229:  1918. 

56.  406. 
Naw.    United    States — In    each    volume    from 

1886. 

Nnw.  U.  S..  Wo-k  of— 1919.  490. 
N-vv   Yards.    Additional — 1917.    ?<*<*. 
Nebraska  Prison   Mntiyiv — 191 3.   30^ 
>Wlv.  Thomas  R.  Sketch — IPO*.  206. 
Neerops    in    United    States — 1902,    54,    and   in 

succeeding1  volumes. 
Neero  Riots — 1918.  147.  577. 
Nelson.   K..   S^°trh — 189R.    89:    1908.    355. 
Netherlands.   Thp — Tn  each  volv"""  sir^  1902 
N°ntrali*v  F,nfmv~mor,t  L^w — l«i«,   232. 
NentrMHv  Proclamation— 1915.  *<*5. 
Nevius.  H.  M  .  Rirptoh — 1OOO.   30 a. . 
N«w.   Kari-v  S  .   Rirptrh — 1  P0«    998. 
Newark  Fire  Horror — 1Q11.   345. 
Newel.  S..  Sketrv_ipo«.  oO6. 


Newlands.   F.   G.,    Sketch—  1904.   203. 
Newman,   William  H..   Sketch  —  1902.   100. 
New  Mexico,  Admission  of  —  1911,  377;  1912. 

73:    1913.    233. 

New   Mexico,    Constitution  —  1912,    76. 
New   Orleans   Massacre  —  1892.    35. 
Newspapers  of  America  —  1886.  16;  1887.  123: 

1888.    19;    1902,    129.    and    in    succeeding 

volumes. 

New  York  Public  Utilities  Law—  1908.  331. 
Niagara  Palls  Peace  Meeting  —  1915.  228. 
Niagara  Falls  Preservation  —  1907.     175:     Re- 

cession of.  1909.  205;  1910.  213. 
Niagara  Trolley  Accident  —  1918.  44. 
Nicaragua  Canal   Treaty  —  1917.    127. 
Nicaragua  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 


Nicaragua  in  War—  1919.  329. 
—  1 
420. 


.          . 
Nicaragua.    Revolutions  in  —  1911,    131;    1913. 


. 
Nicholas  H.  Deposed—  1918.  508:  Killed,  1919. 

469. 

Nicholson,   S.  T.,  Sketch  —  1901,  245. 
Nightingale,  Florence.  Death  of  —  1911.  76. 
Night  Riders  —  1909.  317. 
Nixon.  George  S.,  Sketch  —  1906,  298. 
Nobel  Prize  Winners  —  1904,   108,  and  in  suc- 

ceeding volumes. 

Nogi,    General,    Suicide  of  —  1913,  225. 
No   Man's  Land—  1889,    184. 
Norge,  Wreck  of  the  —  1905,  124. 
North  Pole  Reached  —  1910.  328. 
Northern  Securities  Company  —  1903,  63;  1904. 

98;  1905,  144. 

Northwest  Passage  —  1907,  246. 
Norton.  C.  D.,   Sketch—  1911,   334. 
Norway  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
^orway    and    Sweden  —  1906,    131. 
Norway,  Marine  Losses  of  —  1918,  538. 
Norway  Trade  Agreement—  1919.   423. 
Norway,  Woman  Suffrage  in  —  1908.   73. 
Noted  Men  in  Private  Life—  1902.  140. 
Nuelson,  J.  L..   Sketch  —  1909.   324. 
Numbers.    New   House,   Chicago  —  1910.    475. 
Numerals.  Roman  and  Arabic—  1908.  92:  1909. 

1  54 

Nnts.  Whence  Imported  —  1915.   32. 
Oats  —  See  Agriculture.  Statistics  of. 
^tnts.  Prices  —  In  each  volume  from  1891. 
^itnarv  —  Tn  e"rh   volume. 
^bsprvntopies.    H^e-ht   of  —  1898.    24*. 
Orvynnation.   Am°Hcan   Armv  of  —  1919.   657. 
Occupations  —  1896.  39:  1904.  349,  383;  1908. 

171,  and  in  frioropdinar  voln^ps. 
o~«on  Wavps.  Hp^ht  —  1902.  186. 
Oc«ans.  Areas  and  Dpnths  —  1910.  175.  334, 

and  in  su^cee^'ner  voinmpg 

W.   F     fik°«"h  —  1912.   406. 

ta  —  190R.    31«>, 

Jan-pq  A.,   Pi^tr*  —  IP1'''.  406. 

.io  Floods  —  1914.  447:  1915.  518. 

!    T,->n^s   Ppcioio«  —  191R.    95. 
R*  onward.   TV«-*«Hon  —  10,10.    33. 

v1^oma.     Admission    of  —  1907,     175.     257: 

1OO8.  238. 

-ipVoma,  fnnstitution.   etc.  —  1908,    238. 

r\     /Vo-ft    ppr^onS  -  1011.     165. 

rv.ioag-oans  —  1909,  385,  and  in  succeeding 

Tolnmps. 
OM  Ovo'e-0  Busir.°«!<?  Houses—  1917,   641,   and 

vnliim°S. 

Chicago  —  1905.     446.     and    in 


. 

-"891.    74:    1894.    -143-    1899. 
"0.8-  1901.  238:  1902.  222:  1903,  288. 
'Viver,  G.  T..  S^ptr*  —  -"91O.  393. 
-v-i»v     R.      Slrofoh  —  1804     P7.   . 

OlWtilan  0*nHM  —  19O<>   30-1:  1904.  235;  1905. 

"^5:   1907.  215;  1913.  313. 
O^^nian  Records.  Principal  —  1905.  227;  1906. 

010    P»,^  in  B1ief.pP^iTig-  volumes. 
~w,?>V.?l  Tornado  —  1914     4O2. 
^-tonio  Vni-Pst  Firps  —  1917.   67. 
-w,r,rq,  pr0"<5°s.   Cartf>ni»ips  —  i  893.    114. 
~>-«ra  in  r^ioago  —  1913.  581,  and  in  succeed- 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1014 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


Opium  Conference — 1910,  31:  1912,  209. 
Opium  Traffic  Laws — 1915,  289;  1916,  236. 
Orange  River  Colony — 1906,  125;  1910,  193. 
Orchestra,   Chicago — See  Music  in  Chicago. 
Oreglia,  Cardinal,   Death — 1914,   493. 
Oregon,  Cruise  of  the — 1899,   115. 
Oregon  Plan— 1912.  94. 
Original  Package  Law — 1891.   111. 
Orphanages   in   United   States — 1907,    65.    and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Osaka  Fire — 1910.  218;  1913.  160. 
Osborn,   C.   S.,    Sketch — 1911,   334. 
Osborne,  J.  E.,  Sketch — 1914,  268. 
Oscar  II.,   Death  of — 1908,    390. 
Ostend.  Blocking:  of— 1919.  582. 
Otis,  E.  S.,  Sketch — 1899,  227. 
Otranto.  Loss  of— 1919,  547. 
Overman,  L.  S.,   Sketch — 1910,   393. 
Owen.   R.  L.,   Sketch — 1908.  355. 
Packers'  Case  Ended — 1913,  159. 
Page,  C.  S.,  Sketch — 1909.  324. 
Page,  T.  N..  Sketch— 1914.  258. 
Page,  W.  H.,  Sketch — 1914.  258. 
Paintings.   High   Prices   for — 1915.    237. 
Palestine,   Campaign  in — 1918.    516. 
Palma.  President.  Resigns — 1907.  248. 
Palma.  T.  E..  Sketch— 1903.  236. 
Palmer,  Frank  W..  Death  of — 1908.  456. 
Palmer.  J.  M..  Sketch— 1897.  156. 
Panama-California  Exposition — 1914,  284. 
Panama  Canal — See  Canal.  Panama. 
Panama  Canal  Builders.   Thanks  to — 1916.  232. 
Panama  Canal  Tolls  Dispute — 1914.  353;  Set- 

Panama  9Libel  Cases— 1910.   218;    1911.   319; 

1 Q12     120 
Panama-Pacific  Exposition — 1912.   469;    1913. 

386;  1914.  284;  1915,  89;  1916.  311. 
Panama  Republic — In  each  volume  since  1904. 
Panama  in  War— 1919.  328. 
Pan-American     Congress — 1891,     114;     1902, 

342;  1903.  63. 
Pah- American    Exposition — 1901,    281;    1902. 

338 
Panics,  Financial — 1897,  143;  1902,  44;  1908, 

357. 

Pankhurst  Case — 1914.  397. 
Paper  and  Pulp  Manufactures — 1902,  330. 
Paper  Trust — 1907,   264. 
Parade,    "First   Call."    Chicago — 1918.    573. 
Paraguay — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Paralysis,   Infantile — 1917.   398. 
Parcel  Post  Law — 1913.  184.  496;  1914,  297. 

558;  Rates,  1915.  105. 
Paris,  Heavy  Storm  in — 1915.  65. 
Paris  Underground  Wreck — 1904.  112. 
Parker,  A.  B.,  Gold  Telegram — 1905,  202. 
Parker.  Alton  B..  Sketch — 1905.  203. 
Parker,  E.  W.,  Sketch — 1903,  238. 
Parks,  Buildings  in — 1906.  434. 
Parks  in  Chicago — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Parks  in  Cities — 1896,   49;    1903.    103;    1904. 

76;   1908,  388;  1909.  55. 
Parks.  National — 1897,  133;  1904,  14,  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 

Parochial  Schools — 1892,  96:  1893.  35. 
Parsons,  W.   B..   Sketch— 1905,  205. 
Party  Emblems  in  1912 — 1913,  423. 
Passport    Regulations — 1909,    90,    and   in    suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Pasteurization  of  Milk — 1917,  62. 
Patent    Laws— 1896,    226;    1902,    96,    and   in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Paterson.   N.   J.,  Fire  in — 1903,   18l! 
Patterson,    Nan,    Trial — 1906,    162. 
Patterson,    T.   M.,    Sketch — 1902.    100. 
Pattiaon.    John   M.,    Sketch — 1906,    300. 
Patton,  Francis  L.,  Sketch — 1903.  235. 
Patton,   J.,  Jr.,  Sketch — 1895.   105. 
Paupers  in  Almshouses — 1892,  100;  1907,  243; 

1909,  58. 

Payne-Aldrich  Tariff — 1910.   37. 
Payne,  H.  C..  Sketch — 1903.  235. 
Paynter,   T.   H..    Sketch — 1907.    272. 
Peabody  School  Fire — 1916,  299. 


Peace  Celebrations— 1919.   624. 

Peace  Centenary — 1916.    114. 

Peace  Conference — 1900.  101:  1905,  254: 
1906.  346;  1907,  468;  1908,  235;  1909, 
215;  1910.  211;  World's  War.  1919.  667. 
669. 

Peace  Discussions — 1919.  427. 

Peace  Endowment.  Carnegie — 1912.  99. 

Peace,    Foundation   for   Industrial — 1908,    76: 

1909.  266. 

Peace,  League  to  Enforce — 1916,  300. 
Peace  Meeting-  Dispute,  Chicago — 1918,   571. 
Peace  Movement,-  Survey  of — 1911.  66;  1912. 

99.    and    in    succeeding'    volumes    to    1915; 

1919.    719. 

Peace  of  Europe — 1899,  102. 
Peace  Proposals,   War — 1918.   363. 
Peak.  J.  L.,  Sketch — 1896,  92. 
Pearse,   C.   G.,   Sketch — 1912.  406. 
Pearson,  R.,  Sketch — 1904,  206. 
Pearsons.    D.    K.,    Gifts   of — 1902,   69;    Death 

of.  1913.  340. 
Peary    Polar    Expedition — 1907.    246;     1908. 

135;    1909.   190;   Reaches  Pole,   1910,   328; 

1911,  175. 
Peary.  R.   E.,  Sketch— 1910.  393;  Made  Rear- 

Admiral.  1912.  66. 

Peat  Supply  of  United  States — 1913.  77. 
Peck.   George  R..   Sketch — 1906.   300. 
Peckham,    R.   W..   Sketch — 1897.    158. 
Peirce.  Herbert  H.  D..   Sketch — 1907.  273. 
Pellagra  Commission — 1910,   443;    1912,    152. 
Penfield.  F.  C.,  Sketch— 1914.  259. 
Penrose,  Boies,  Sketch — 1898,  209;  1904.  203; 

1910,  393. 

Pens,    Fountain,   Export   of — 1915.   24. 

Pension  Agencies  Abolished — 1913,   187. 

Pension,  Service,  Act — 1913.  187. 

Pensions  in  America — 1912,  277. 

Pension  Statistics — In  each  volume  from  1889. 

Pension  System,   Telephone — 1913.   421. 

Pensions.    Old    Age — 1902,    91;    in    England. 

1909.  264;  1911.  165. 
Pensions  on  Railroads — 1903,  233. 
Percy,   L.,    Sketch — 1911.   335. 
Perdicaris,   Ion,  Case — 1905.  257. 
Perkins,  B.  W.,  Sketch — 1893.  64. 

Perkins,  G.  C..  Sketch — 1896,  88;  1904,  203; 

1910.  393. 

Pershing.  J.  J..  in  France — 1918.  543;  Made 
General.  1918.  544;  Anniversary  Messages. 
1919.  482:  Report  on  War.  1919.  560. 

Perry  Centennial — 1914.   403. 

Perry.  Isaac  N..  Trial — 1906.  162. 

Perry  Memorial — 1912.  67. 

Persia — In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Persia.  Death  of  Shah  of — 1908.  178. 

Persia.    Revolution  in — 1910,    334. 

Persia,   Sinking  of  the — 1917.  473. 

Peru — In  each  volume  since  1902. 

Peru,  Revolution  in — 1915,   239. 

Petroleum,  Production — 1900,  65,  and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Pettigrew,    R.    F..    Sketch — 1896.    91. 

Pettus,  E.  W..  Sketch— 1897.  161;  1898.  207; 
1904,  203. 

Philippine  Agricultural  Bank — 1908,   75. 

Philippine  Currency  Law — 1904,   156. 

Philippine  Islands — 1899,  133-137;  1901,  260, 
and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Philippine  Tariff — 1902,   332. 

Philippine  War — 1900.  218;  1901,  261.  301; 
1902.  Ill,  141;  1903,  157;  1904,  53,  112. 
and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Phillips'  May  Corn  Deal — 1902.  424. 

Photographs   by   Electricity — 1887,    10. 

Photophone.  The — 1887.   13. 

Pier,  Municipal — 1916,   635;  1918,  612,   688. 

Pigr-Iron  Product — 1891,  90;  1895,  172;  1901. 
211;  1903,  58;  1904,  50,  and  in  succeeding 
volumes. 

Piles.  S.  H..  Sketch— 1906.  298. 

Pinchot-Ballinarer    Controversy — 1911,    311. 

Pioneers   of   Chinaem — SPR  Old  Residents. 

Pipe  Line  Decision — 1915,  95. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEARBOOK  FOR   1920. 


1015 


Pitr 
Pius 


^Mahlon,   Sketch — 1913,   389. 
und    Arbitration — 1903,    '204. 


Pius  X.  Elected  Pope— 1904.  69;  Sketch,  1904, 

206;  Death  of.  1915,  236. 

Plague   in  Manchuria    and   India— r!912.   308. 
Platforms,   National — See  Conventions. 
Platt,  O.  H.,  Sketch — 1904,  203. 
Platt,  T.  C.,  Sketch— 1898,  209. 
Playgrounds,  Municipal — 1905.  426:  1906,435. 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Pleasant   Prairie   Explosion — 1912,   140. 
Pledges  by  Candidates,  Law — 1918,  615. 
Plots,  War,  in  United  States — 1916,  343;  1917. 

480:   1918.  496:   1919.   537. 
Poets   Laureate,    England — 1915.   469,    and   in 

succeeding   volumes. 
Poincare,     R.,     Elected    President — 1914,     51; 

Sketch,  1914,  259. 
Poindexter,   M.,    Sketch — 1912,   406. 
Poisons  and  Their  Antidotes — 1886,  80. 
Polar  Land,   New,   Found — 1914.   184. 
Poles.  The  Two  Cold — 1888.  11. 
Police    Chiefs.    Chicago — 1903,    416,    and    in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Police   Department.   Chicago — In  each   volume 

since  1902. 
Police     Statistics,     Chicago— In    each    volume 

since  1891. 

Policewomen  in  Cities — 1917,  126. 
Poliomyelitis— 1917,    398. 
Polish  Kingdom  Restored — 1917,   528. 
Political  Changes  in   Fifty   Years — 1891,  322. 
Political  Committees — In  each  volume. 
Political  Societies,  Chicago — 1902.  360,  and  in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Polivanov    Report— 1919.    353. 
Pope  Benedict's  Peace  Appeal — 1918,  372. 
Pope.    "Black."    Elected — 1916.    100. 
Pope,  Election  of — 1904,  69;  1915.  236. 
Pope  Leo  XIII.,  Death  of — 1904,  112. 
Popular  Vote — In  each  volume. 
Population.   Center  of — 1902.  49,  and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Population,   Chicago — In  each  volume. 
Population,  Cities— 1891,  94;  1892,  87;  1894, 

34;  1901,  137,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Population,   Density   of — 1893,   39;   1902,   48, 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Population.    Foreign-Born — 1903,    78,    and    in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Population,     Foreign    Countries — See    Foreign 

Countries. 

Population,  Illinois — See    Illinois,    Population. 
Population.  Median  Point  of — In  each  volume 

Population.^Mother  Tongue  of — 1915,  144. 
Population.  United     States — In    each     volume 

Population,  World — 1887,  8;  1892,  154:  1904, 

68.  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Pork.  Prices  of — In  each  volume  from  1891. 
Port  Arthur.  Siege  of — 1906.  303. 
Porter.  H.,  Sketch — 1898.  203. 
Porter.    J.  D..   Sketch — 1894,   53. 
Porto  Rico — Tn  each  volume  since  1902. 
Portsmouth.  Treaty  of — 1906.  304. 
Portugal,    Assassination    of    President  — 1919. 

rtugal — In  each  volume  since  1903. 
tugal  Enters  European  War — 1917.  484. 
tugal.  Revolution  in— 1911,  131;  1916,  85; 

Post,  Loirs  'P..  Sketch — 1914.  259. 

Post.  R.  H.,  Sketch— 1908.  355. 

Postage,  Rates  of — In  each  volume  from  188R. 

Postage    to    England    Reduced— 1909,    158;    to 


pl,  78:  1898.  174. 

Postal  Dates — 1898.    146. 

Postal  Savings  Banks — 1907,  104,  and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Postal  Statistics — In  each  volume  since  1002. 
Postmasters,    Chicago— In   each   volume    since 


1 Q02 

Postmasters  of  Large  Citie 
since  1902 


-In  each  volume 


Postofflce.  Chicago,  Bomb  Explosion  —   1919. 

as. 

Postoffice,     Chicago  —  In     each     volume     since 

1902. 

Postoffice  Frauds  —  1904,  405. 
Potash  Production  —  1918,   149. 
Potsdam  Conference—  1919.   682. 
Powder  Trust  —  1908,  234. 
Powell,  W.  F.,   Sketch  —  1898.  206. 
Power-Transmitting,  Long  —  1903,  428. 
Powers,  Caleb,  Trial  —  1904.  245. 
Practice  Law,  Illinois—  1908,  405. 
Precincts,    Election,    in    Chicago  —  1904,    382: 

1905,  417. 

Preferential  Voting  —  1912,  93. 
Preparedness  Movement  —  1917,  199;  1918,  53, 

611. 

Presbyterians?  —  See  Religious  Statistics. 
President  Lincoln,  The.  Loss  of—  1919.  547. 
President,  Threats  Against  —  1918,   53. 
Presidential  Succession  —  1894,  200;  1909,  215, 

and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Presidents  and  Cabinets,  United  .States  —  In  each 

volume  since  1885. 
Presidents,    Burial    Places    of  —  1908,    68,    and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
President's      Neutrality      Proclamation  —  1915, 

445 

Price  'Fixing  Law—  1918,  419.  420. 
Prices,   Chicago  Grain  —  In  each   volume  since 

189i 
Prices  'of  Commodities  —  In  each  volume  since 


Primary  Law,  Illinois  —  1906,  384;  1907,  396; 

1908,  432;  1909,  425;  1910,  384;  1911,  47, 

463;    1912,    508;    1913,    527    (presidential); 

1915.    546;    1916.   555. 
Princess  Sophia.  Wreck  of—  1919.  202. 
Printing  Industry  —  1917,   75. 
Prinzip,  Gavrio,  Death  of—  1919.  426. 
Prison  Barracks  —  1918.   532. 
Prisons.   State  —  1911,  137;  1912,  395,  and  IB 

succeeding  volumes. 
Pritchard.  J.  C.,   Sketch  —  1896,   91. 
Profiteering  Report—  1919.  683. 
Progressive  Republican  League  —  1912.  262. 
Prohibition     Amendment     in     Congress  —  1916, 

241:   1918.  576:   1919.   769. 
Property.  Valuation  of.  in  United  States  —  1893, 

50;    1907.    259,    280;    1908,    38;    1909.    99; 

1912    385 

Provence,    Loss   of  the  —  1917,   472. 
Public  Health  Service—  1913.  187. 
Public     Service     Department,     Chicago  —  1915. 

577,   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Public    Utility   Laws—  1908.    331;    1914,    490 

Pullman^Boycott  —  1895.  79. 

Pullman  Company  Statistics  —  1913,  369;  1914. 

266. 

Pulp  Manufactures  —  1902.  330. 
Pulse.    Rate   of—  1886.    83;    1908.   243;    1909, 

218,   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Punishment,  Capital  —  See  Capital  Punishment. 
Purcell.  W.   E..   Sketch  —  1911.   335. 
Pure  Food  Law—  1907,  169:  In  Illinois.  1908» 

Putnam,  Herbert,  Sketch—  1900.  126. 

Quarantine.    National  —  1907.    175. 

Quarles.  J.  V.,   Sketch—  1900.   129. 

Quay.   Senator,  Case  of  —  1901,  124. 

Quayle,  W.   A..  Sketch  —  1909,  324. 

Quebec  Bridge  Disaster  —  1908,  398. 

Question,  Eastern  —  1898.  249. 

rminby.  W.  E..  Sketch—  1894.  60 

Race  Horses.  Famous.  Dead  —  1910.  296. 

Race  War  in  Atlanta.  Ga.—  1907.  242:  In  East 

St.  Louis,  1918,  147:  In  Chester,  Pa.,  1918. 

147 

Radio-Communication  Law  —  1913.  187.  188. 
Radio    Messages—  1913,    187,    188;    1915,    29. 

Radium    Described—  1905,    145  -Sources   of— 

1917,  16:  Appearance  of,   1918,   110. 
Raffeisen  System  —  1913,  37. 


FOB  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1016 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Railroad  Eight    Hour    Law — 1917,     235-240; 

1918,  41,  42. 

Railroad  Gauges — 1909,  414. 

Railroad  Operation  by  U.  S.— 1919.  370,  412. 

Railroad  Rate  Law — 1907,  167. 

Railroad  Speed  Records — 1888,  123;  1903, 
374;  1906,  50;  1912,  195,  and  iii  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Railroad  Statistics,  United  States — In  each  vol- 
ume from  1891. 

Railroad  Strike.    British — 1912,    479. 

Railroad  Tunnels,  Long— 1916.  37;  1918.  132; 
1919  37 

Railroad  Wrecks — 1902,  336,  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Railroads  Fined  for  Rebating — 1913,  150. 

Railroads,    Grants    to — 1898,    279. 

Railroads  in  Alaska — 1916,  114. 

Railroads  in  Illinois; — 1891.   122;   1906,  320. 

Railroads,  Introduction  of — 1887,  14. 

Railroads,  Harriman.   Sued — 1909,  258. 

Railways,  Street — 1891,  100;  1902.  222.  and 
in  succeeding  volumes. 

Rainfall  in  United  States — 1890,  51. 

Ranch,  Largest  Cattle — 1907,  200. 

Ransdell,   J.  E..   Sketch— 1913,   389. 

Ransom,  M.  W.,  Sketch — 1896,   88. 

Rasmussen  Expedition — 1914,   184. 

Rassieur,  L..  Sketch — 1901,  250. 

Rate  Case  Decision,  Minnesota — 1914,  199. 

Rawlins,  J.  L..   Sketch— 1898,   210. 

Real  Estate  Transfers,  Chicago — In  each  vol- 
ume since  1903. 

Rebating,  Indictments  for — 1909,  257;  1912, 
198. 

Rebellion,  Lives  Lost  in — 1886,  10. 

Rebellion  (War  of)  Records — 1902,  32. 

Recall,    Election — 1910.    91. 

Recall,  Judicial,  California — 1914,  49. 

Recall,  The — 1912,  92. 

Recall   Veto,   Taft's— 1912,   74. 

Receipts,  Government — In  each  volume  since 
1891. 

Reciprocity.  Canadian — 1912.  67. 

Reciprocity  Treaties — 1892,  130;  1902.  78; 
1903,  23. 

Red  Cross  Knitting-  Records— 1919.  549. 

Red  Cross.  Law — 1913,  189. 

Red   Cross  War  Work— 1918.   527.    533.    534; 

1919.  405.  477. 

Red  Cross  War  Work.  Chicago— 1919,   826. 
Redfield,  William  C.,  Sketch — 1914,  35. 
Red  Flag  Barred.  Chicago— 1919,  816. 
Redmond.  J.  E..  Death  of— 1919.  164. 
Reed,   James  A.,   Sketch — 1912,  406. 
Reeve,  F.  X.,  Sketch— 1894,  62. 
Referendum — 1895,  100;  1912,  92;  1913.  340. 
Reformatories,    Juvenile — 1892.    101. 
Regina  Tornado — 1913,  243. 
Registration.    Army— 1918.     399.    484;     1919. 

385.   507. 

Registration  of  Titles — 1892,  384. 
Rehabilitation.  Vocational— 1919.  388. 
Reid,     W.,     Sketch — 1903,     236;     1906,     298; 

Death  of,  1913,  501. 
Reigns,  Longest,  in  England — 1902,  73. 
Reinsch,  Paul,  Sketch — 1914,  259. 
Relations  Broken  with  Germany — 1918,  381. 
Relief  Acts  by  Congress — 1910,  130. 
Religions  of  the  World— 1905,  102;  1907,  192. 
Religious     Statistics — In    each    volume     since 

1888. 

Religious  War  Commissions — 1918,  522. 
Remmel,  V.,  Sketch — 1901,  244. 
Remsen,  Ira,  Sketch — 1902,  100. 
Representation,  Proportional — 1895, 101 ;  1896, 

134;  1899,  404. 

Republics,  Smallest — 1897,  177. 
Reservations.  Wild  Life — 1914,  41. 
Reserve  Bank,  Chicago — 1915,  592. 
Reserve  Banks,  Federal — 1915,  333. 
Resources,  Conservation  of — 1909.  173:  1910, 

169;  1912,  391. 
Resources,  Inventory  of — 1910,  170. 


Restraints    on    Commerce  —  1916,.    360;    1917. 

509. 
Revenue  Cutter  Service  —  1914,  52,  and  in  suc- 

ceeding volumes  to  1916.  (See  Coast  Guard.) 
Revenue.    Emergency,    Act  —  1917,   179:    1918. 

53,  428. 

Revolutionary  Records  —  1914,  237. 
Reynolds,  G.  M.,  Sketch—  1909,  324. 
Rhine.  Crossing  of—  1919,   658. 
Rhodes,   Cecil,   Scholarships  —  1903,  98:   1904. 

Richardson,  H.  A.,  Sketch—  1908,  356. 

Ricks,    James  B.,    Sketch  —  1902,   100. 

Ridder,  Herman,  Sketch  —  1909,  324. 

Riesco,  Jerman,  Sketch  —  1902,  100. 

Ritual  Murder  Trial  —  1914,  419. 

Rivers  and  Canals.     Length    of  —  1900.     140: 

1  Q08     170 

Rivers  'and  Lakes  Commission  Act  —  1912,  86. 
Rivers,    The    Longest—  1885,    11;    1888,    17: 

1909,  91,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Roach,  W.  N.,  Sketch  —  1894.  63. 
Road,  Rules  of  the—  1909,  556:  1916,  643. 
Roads,  Federal  Aid  for—  1917,  246;  1918.  178. 

Ro6a°d7s:.  Good—  1911,  515:  1913,  419.  420. 
Roads!  Hard.  Hlinois-1918.  604;  1919    822. 
Roads,   State  Aid    (Illinois)  —  1914.  491. 
Roberts,  B.  H.,  Case  of—  1901,_  125. 
Roberts,   Lord,   Death   of  —  191o,    77. 
Roberts,  W.  H.,  Sketch  —  1908,   356. 
Robinson,  J.  T.,  Sketch—  1914    259. 
Rock  Island,  Riots  in  —  1913,  315. 
Rockefeller    Gifts    to    Education  —  1906.    215; 

1908,  132:  1909,  407;  1910,  325;  1911,  331; 

1912    128 


lo;   206;    1906. 

OQQ 

Rocky  Mountain  Park  Act—  .1916  ,231. 
Rodin,  Auguste.  Death  of—  1918.  619. 
Rogers.  H.  H.,  Death  of—  1910.  72. 
Roll  of  Honor,  Chicago—  1919.  836. 
Roman  Catholic—  See  Religious  Statistics 
Roosevelt    Against    Third    Term  —  1905,    202: 

1  Q08    S9*7 

Roosevelt  and  Brownson  —  1909.  270. 
Roosevelt.    Attempt  to  Kill—  1913,   424 
Roosevelt-Barnes   Libel    Case—  1916     100 
Roosevelt  in  Africa—  1910,  264;   1911,  75. 
Roosevelt-Newett  Libel  Case  —  1914,  61 
Roosevelt   and    Nobel   Prize—  1919.    390. 
Roosevelt.  Theodore.  Sketch—  1899   229;  1901. 

241;  1902,  100;  1905.  203;  1913,  387. 
Roosevelt  Volunteers  —  1918.  487. 
Root,    Elihu,    Sketch—  1900,    124:    1904     205: 

1906,    298;    1910,   393;   Mission  to   Russia. 

s.   Y.  M.   C.  A.  Gifts-1919. 


RosI3'j.,   Sketch—  1900,   128. 

Ross  Kidnaping  Case  —  1910,  112. 

Rostand,   Edmond,  Sketch  —  1902.  101:  Death 

of.  1919.  628. 

Roumania  —  In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Roumania  in  European  War  —  1917,  484,  531: 

1918.  527.  563;  1919,  475. 
Royalty,  Cost  of  Maintaining  —  1902,  112. 
Rubino,  G.,  Trial  of  —  1904,  245. 
Rublee.  W.,   Sketch—  1903,   235. 
Ruef,  Abraham,  Case  of  —  1908.   344. 
Ruggles,  Gen.  G.  D..  Sketch  —  1895,  106. 
Rufers,   Foreign—  1896,   62;    1897,    134;    1898. 

134;  1900,  273;  1901,  180;   1902,   113. 
Rules,    House,    Contest    Over  —  1911.    33. 
Runyon,   T.,   Sketch  —  1894,   64. 
Russia  —  1902,  118,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Russia,    Assassinations   in  —  1905,    143;    1906. 

312. 

Russia.  Sisson  Report  on—  1919,  473. 
Russian  Exile  System  Modified  —  1905.  187. 
Russian  Peace  Negotiations—  1919.  462. 
Russian  Revolution  —  1906,    309;     1907,    268; 

1908.    190;    1909.    319;    1918.    508:    1919. 

462,    601. 


FOB  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


1017 


Russian  Throne,  Heir  Born  to— 1905,  278. 
Russian  Treaty  Abrogated — 1913,  160. 
Russia's  Asiatic  Railways — 1905,   16. 
Russo-American  Tariff  Controversy — 1902,  217. 
Russo-Chinese  Controversy — 1912,  320. 
Russo-English  Treaty — 1908.  339. 
Russo-Japanese  Treaty — 1908,  189;  1911,  52; 

1917,  256. 
Russo-Japanese     War — See      Japanese-Russian 

War. 

Rye.   Statistics — See  Agriculture. 
Sabotage— 1914.    49;    1918.    502;    Act,    1919. 

373. 
Saccharine — 1887,  13. 

t  afety  at  Sea.  Rules  for — 1915.  97. 
afety    Council,    National — 1916,    272;    1917. 
328. 

Sage  Foundation — 1908,   136,  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Sages  of  Greece — 1912,  188. 

Sailors'  Civil  Relief— 1919.   376. 

Sailors'   Insurance  Act — 1918,  453,  461. 

St.  Louis  Fair — See  Exposition,  St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis  Municipal  Bridge — 1918.   74. 

§t.  Mihiel.  Battle  of— 1919.  563.  615. 
t.  Vincent  Disaster — 1903,  151. 
Sakura  Earthquake — 1916,  49. 
Salaries,     City     Employes' — In     each     volume 

since    1902. 
Salaries,   Cook  County — In  each  volume  since 

1902. 

Salaries,  Large — 1888,    15. 
Salaries,  Teachers',   Chicago— In  each   volume 

since  1902. 

Salem    (Mass.)   Fire — 1915,  346. 
Salem    (Mich.)    Railway  Wreck — 1908.  134. 
Salisbury.  Lord,  Death  of — 1904,   126. 
Salisbury  Railway  Wreck — 1907,  21. 
Saloniki  Campaign^l917,   531. 
Saloons — 1903,  105;   1904.  78;  1906.  69. 
Saloon,   Sunday   Closing.    Chicago — 1916,    676. 
Salt  in  the  Ocean — 1916,   84. 
Salt  Manufactures — 1902,    332. 
Salvador — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Saltzgaber.  G.  M.,  Sketch — 1914,  259. 
Samoa— 1900.    110.    113;    1901,   267. 
Sampson,  A.  J.,   Sketch — 1898.  205. 
Sampson,  W.  T.,   Sketch— 1899.   224. 
Sanders,   J.   Y..    Sketch — 1911.   335. 
Sanders,  N..  Sketch — 1913.  389. 
San  Diego  Exposition — 1913.   386;    1915.   89; 

1916,  311. 

San  Francisco  Disaster — 1907.  265. 
San    Francisco    Exposition — 1912,    469;    1913, 

386:    1915.   89;    1916.   311. 
San  Francisco  Graft  Cases — 1908,  344;   1909. 

317. 

Sanger,    W.   C..    Sketch— 1902.    101. 
Sanitariums.   Tuberculosis — 1909,    424. 
Sanitary    District,    Chicago — In    each    volume 

since   1891. 

San  Juan,  Porto  Rico — 1899.  129. 
Santa  Ysabel  Massacre — 1917.   536. 
Santiago.    Capitulation    of — 1899.    118. 
Santo  Donvngo — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Santo  Domins-o  Disturbance — 1917.   164. 
Sargent.   F.    P.,    Sketch — 1P03.   238. 
Saulsbnry.   W..    Sketch — 1P14.   259. 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  Cannls— 1904,  80:  1908,  210; 

1912.   403;   1913,    398;    1914.    561. 
Sawtelle,    C.    G..    Sketch — 1897,    161. 
Sawille  Wireless — 1915.   29. 
Schleswig-Holstein— 1  PI  9.    5"7. 
Schley,    W.    S.,    Sketch— 1899.    224;    Inquiry. 

1902,  354. 

Schmitz,   Eugene.   Case — 1908.   344. 
School  As-e.  Persons  of— 1893,  37;  1894,  217; 

1902.   56:   1904.  61;   1908.  49,   and  in  suc- 
ceeding- volumes. 

Schoolhouse  vs.  Saloon — 1889.  178. 
School  Laws  of  Illinois  and  Wisconsin— 1891. 

66. 

School  Statistics — In  each  volume  gi"c«  J8P1 
Schools  in   Chicago— See  Education,   Board   of. 
Schrank,  John,   Sentenced — 1913.  4C4. 

FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


Schroeder.  S.,  Sketch  —  1901,  249. 
Schroeder-Stranz  Expedition  —  1914.  183 
Schulze-Delitzch    System  —  1913.    37. 
Schurman,   J.  G.,   Sketch  —  1913,   389. 
Schwab,  Charles  M.,  Sketch  —  1902,  101. 

-  175; 


Scott,  N.  B.,  Sketch  —  1900.  29. 
Scouts,  Boy,  Incorporated  —  1917,  197. 
Sea  Areas,  Defensive  —  1918,  550 
Sea^Fisheries  Dispute—  1892,   44;    1893.   65; 

Seal,  Great,  of  U.  S.  —  1915.  92. 

Seal  Hunting  Disaster  —  1915.  91. 

Seamen,  Strike  of  —  1912,  479. 

^eamen   Welfare   Law  —  1916,   233. 

Seaplane,  Largest—  1919.  569. 

Seaports,  Distances  to  —  1907,  56,  and  in  suc- 

ceeding volumes. 
Seaports,  Great  —  1905,  144,  and  in  succeeding- 

volumes. 
Seas,  Depth  of  —  1909,  101,  and  in  succeeding- 

volumes. 

Seats,  Contested,  in  Congress  —  1901,  122. 
Seay.  A.  J..  Sketch  —  1892.  54. 
Security  League,   National  —  1916,   278;    1917, 

Seidel',  Emil.   Sketch  —  1913.  387. 

Seigniorage  Bill   Veto  —  1895,   122. 

Senatorial  Districts,  Illinois  —  1894,  177;  1902, 

372,    and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Senators    (U.    S.),   Illinois  —  1908,   419;    1909. 

420;   1910.  456;  1911,  448.  and  in  succeed- 

ing volumes.  • 
Senses,   Seven  —  1912,    188. 
Sequoia  Trees—  1914.   265. 

Serbia  —  1902.  118.  and  in  succeeding  volumea. 
Serbia  Conquered—  1916.   351. 
Serbia.  Revolution  in  —  1904,  216. 
Service  Chevrons—  1919.  509. 
Seven  Modern  Wonders  —  1913,   243. 
Sevens  and  Threes  —  1912,  188 
Seventeenth  Amendment  to  Constitution  —  1914, 

Sewall,   Arthur,    Sketch  —  1897,   154. 

Sewall.  H.  M..  Sketch—  1898.  205. 

Sex,  Population  by  —  1887.  16;  1893.  30;  1902. 

53;  1904,  64,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Sexes.   The  —  1890,   181. 
Sexton,  J.  A..  Sketch  —  1899.  226. 
Seymour,   J.   S.,   Sketch  —  1894,   61. 
Shackleton  Expedition  —  1908.  135;  1910.  330: 

1915.    338;    1916,    217;    1917.    166;    1918, 

Shafrbth,   J.   F.,    Sketch—  1914,   259. 
Shatter,    W.    R..    Sketch  —  1899.    226. 
Shaw,  A.  D.,   Sketch  —  1900.   130.   • 
Shaw,  L.   M.,   Sketch  —  1903.   235. 
Shea  Conspiracy  Trials  —  1908,   78. 
Sheen  Per  Square  Mile  —  1893,   84. 
Sheldon,    G.   R..   Sketch  —  1909.   324. 
Sherman  B'll.   Reneal   of  —  1894.   87. 
Sherman.  John.   Sketch  —  1898.  201. 
Sherman.  J.  S..  Sketch—  1909,  331;  1910.  33: 

Death  of.  1913.  390. 
Sherman.  L.  Y..   E^cted  U.  S.  Senator  —  1914. 

458;  Sketch.  1914.  259. 
Seeing.  J.  K..  Sketch  —  1914.  259. 
Shinbuiidiner  of  the  World—  1892.   123. 
Shinning  Board    Law  —  1917,     187;    Members, 

1918.  530. 
Shinning  Data     (Marine)  —  1916,    38,    and    in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Shipping  Investigation  —  1916.  240. 
Shinning  of  the  World  —  1896.  51;  1904,  136: 

1909.  86. 

Shinny.  Ch'ef.  Attempt  to  Kin  —  IpOP.   488. 
Shins.  Dutch.  R»n  nisi  tinned—  191  9.  41  P. 
Shins,  German.   Seized—  1916.  341.  342:  1918, 

^03.    5?»]  :    1919.   491. 
Shins  Torppdopd.  List—  1919.  544. 
Shinwrppks  —  1902.    335;    1904,    243,    and    in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Rhiras.    G..    Sketch  —  18P3,    63. 
'       Tnrfnstrv  —  1P17.    65. 


1018 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


Shively.  Benjamin.  Sketch— 1910.  394. 
Shonts.   T.   P..   Sketdh — 1906.   299. 

thort  Ballot— 1912.  91. 
horthand.    Speed   in— 1906.    127:    1910.   209. 
Shot.  First  Fired  by  American— 1919.  360. 
Shotguns  in  War— 1918.  647. 
Shoup.   G.  L..   Sketch— 1896.   88. 
Siam — 1902,   121.   and  in  succeeding:  volumes. 
Siam  and  France — 1894.  68. 
Siberia.  American  Expedition  to — 1919.  468. 
Siberian  Railway — 1902.   85. 
Sig-ht    and   Distance — 1890.    181. 
Sigsbee.   C.  D.,   Sketch — 1899.  226. 
Sill.  J.  M.  B..  Sketch — 1895,   105. 
Silver — See  Gold   and  Silver. 
Simmons,    F.    M.,    Sketch — 1902.    101;    1908, 

356. 

Simon,    Joseph,    Sketch — 1899.    222. 
Simplon  Tunnel  Completed — 1906.  113. 
Sims,  W.  S.,  Sketch — 1918,  489. 
Singer   Building: — 1908.    105. 
Sing-le  Tax  League — 1891.   184. 
Sins.    Seven  Deadly — 1912,   188. 
Sixteenth    Amendment    to    Constitution — 1914. 

48. 

Sixtus.  Prince.  Letter— 1919,  442. 
Skager-Rak,    Battle    of — 1917.    470. 
Slavic  Legion  Act— 1939.  398. 
Slavonia.   Wreck  of — 1910.   218. 
Sleepers.  Seven — 1912.  188. 
Smith.  Charles  E..   Sketch — 1899,   221. 
Smith.   C.   W..   Sketch — 1909.   324. 
Smith,  E.    D..    Sketch — 1910,    394. 
Smith,  Hoke,  Sketch — 1894.  58:  1912,  406. 
Smith.  J..   Jr.,   Sketch— 1894.    63. 
Smith,  J.  W.,  Sketch — 1909.  324. 
Smith.  M.   A..   Sketch— 1913.   389. 
Smith,  W.   A.,   Sketch — 1914.   260. 

tmith-Lever   Act — 1915.   288. 
moke  Abatement  Report.  Chicago — 1916,  669. 

Smoot.  Reed.    Sketch— 1904.    205:    1910.    394. 

Smoot,   Reed.  Case  Against.  Ended — 1908,  344. 

Snake  Victims  in  India — 1905,  250. 

Snow  Limit — 1893.  377. 

Socialist  Platform   (St.  Louis)— 1919.  747. 

Societies.    Fraternal — 1903.    183,    and   in   suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Societies.     Learned — 1908,     102:     1909,     236: 
1910,  476.  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Societies,  National — See   Associations. 

Societies,  Patriotic — In  each  volume  from  1889. 

Society   Islands   Hurricane — 1907,    267. 

Society  of  Jesus  Election — -1916.  100. 

SoM  Carried  to  Tidewater — 1916.    84. 

Soldiers.  Alien.  Naturalization— 1919.    382. 

Soldiers.   Chicago.  Killed  in  World  War— 1919. 
836. 

Soldiers'   Civil   Relief— 1919.   376. 

Soldiers,    Employment    for— 1919,    696.    698. 

Soldiers'   Equipment— 1918.   517. 

Soldiers'  Insurance  Act— 1918.  453,  461. 

Somme,    Battle   of — 1917.    5?9. 

Soiith  Africa.    Union    of — 1911,     122;     1912, 
202:   Rebellion  in.   1916.   3°P. 

South  Carolina  Exposition — 1902.    338. 

South  Pole  Nearly  Rearned — 1910.   330. 

South  Pole  Reached — 1913,  148;  1P14,  181. 

South  Shore    Improvement — See    Lake    Front 
Agreement. 

South  Water  Street  Plan — 1918.  686. 

Southgate.   J.   H..    Sketch — 1  8«7.    156. 

foviet,    Wilson    Message    to— 1919.    465. 
pain — In   each   volume   sinoe   1902. 
Snain  and   Church — 1911.    125. 
Spain  and  Morocco — 1910.   428. 
Spain.  Riots  in — 1910.  318. 
Snaking,  A.  G.,  SVpteh — 1911.  335. 
Spalding.  J.  L..  Sketoh — 1P03.  238. 
Spanish-American  War — 18PP.    107.   115.   120. 
296:   IPon.   106:  1P01.  156:  1902.  111.  and 


in  succeeding 

Snanish   Influenza— 1  PIP.    745. 
Sparrows,  Inoreasp  of — 1887.  15. 
Speakers  of  the  House — 1900,  309,  and  in  suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


Specific  Gravity  Table  —  1908.  92:   1909    154 

Speed  Rates  Per  Hour  —  1913.  381. 

Spelling,   Simplified  —  1907.   130;   1909,  243 

Spellmeyer,  H..  Sketch  —  1905,  206. 

Spheres  of  Influence—  1919.  365. 

Spirits,    Materials   Used   in  —  1894,   201;    1896. 

211;  1898,  54;  1899.  298;  1900.  97;  1901 

237;  1902.  221;  1906.  26. 

Spooner,  J.  C.,  Sketch  —  1898,  210;  1904,  205 
Sporting  Records  —  In  each  volume  from  1890 
Springfield  (111.)  Lynchings  and  Riots  —  1909,' 

Spring-Rice.  C.  A..  Sketch—  1914,  260. 
Spurlos  Versenkt"  Cables—  1918    501 
Squiers,  H.  G.,  Sketch  —  1903,  235;  1907,  273 
Stackhouse  Expedition—  1914.   184. 
Stamp    Taxes  —  1915.    291;    1916.    159;    1918. 


0-  1908-    233: 

at  j1  Supreme  Court  Decision.  1912.  33. 

Stanford.  University    Gift—  1902.    366. 
Stanley  in  Africa  —  1891.  318 
Staples.  Consumption  of  —  1898.  111. 
Star.  New  Eagle—  1919.  33. 
Stars,  Number  of  —  1888,  12;  1908.  26.  and  in 

succeeding  volumes 
Starved  Rock  State  Park  —  1912,  85. 
State  Houses.  Value  of—  1917,  121. 
State  Nicknames  and  Flowers  —  1904.  114    and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
State  Officers  —  See    Election    Returns    in    each 

volume. 
States,  Area,   Population.   Governors.   Capitals 

etc.  —  In  each  volume  from  1887. 
States.  Names  —  1889,    180;    1896,    51;    1901. 

282. 
States.  New—  1891.  112;  1907.  175;  1919   521 

526. 

Statue  of  the  Republic.  Chicago  —  1916.  676. 
Steamboating    Chronology  —  1888.    127;    1898. 

Steam  Laundries  —  1917.   198 
Steamship  Companies   Sued  —  1912    229 
Steamship  Expenses  —  1916.  174 
Steamship  Lines  Merged  —  1903/63 
St?omohiliso  G7at  Ocean—  1902,  66;  1903.  93; 

1908.    43;    1911.     164,    and    in    succeeding 

volumes. 
Steel  Corporation   Suit  —  1912.    314;    1916    48 

(decision). 

Steel  Prices  Cut  —  1918.   526. 
Steel  Product—  1891,  89;  1904,  50,  114;  1905, 

OO. 

91s'  210:  1914'  184: 

Stensland  Bank  Failure  —  1907.  411 
StePhenson    Investigation  —  1912,    407;     1913, 

158. 
StePhenson,   Isaac.    Sketch  —  1908,   356;    1910, 

Sterling,  Thomas.   Sketch  —  1914.   260 
Stevens,   D.   W..   Assassinated  —  190P     172 
Stevens,  John  F.,   Sketch  —  1906,   300 
Stevenson.  A.  E..  Sketch  —  1  8P3.  61;  1901  242 
Stewart,  J.  W..   Sketch  —  1909    3°5 
Stewart.  T.  J..  Sketch  —  1903.  23«. 
Stills.  Illicit.  Seized  —  1891.  109-  1900    98 
Sfitnson.  H.  L..  Sketch  —  1912.  407. 
Sto'-k    E^hane-e.    Chioag-o  —  190*2     400'    1P04 

410;  1P06.  468.   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
.Stock.  Live.  Inspection  —  1891,  121. 
Stocks,   Panic  in  —  1P02.  44. 
Stockyards,   Facts  About  —  1917.  710. 
Stockyards  Fire  —  1P12,  612 
S'opssel.  Gen.,  in  Prison  —  1POP.  31  P. 
Stokes.  Rose  Pastor.   Cas^—  1919.   538. 
S+olvpin  Assassinated  —  1912,  213. 
Stono    E^en    M.,     Abduction    of  —  1902.    422: 

1903.  56. 


stone 
Stone 


.Tonn  T..  Sketch — 1914,  260. 


Lithogrannic— 1P18.    7P. 

W    J     Slrptph — 1P10    394 
.  B..   SkAtp* — f80«    206. 
q    and    Floods — 1902,    336,    and   in   sue- 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR  1920. 


1019 


Strathcona.  Lord,  Death  of — 1915.  264. 

ttraus,  Oscar  S.,  Sketch — 1907,   273. 
treet  Guide,  Chicago — 1908,  514;  1909,  502; 
1915,  619,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Street  Railway  Licenses — 1903.    392. 
Street  Railway  Ordinance.  Chicago— 1908.  496. 
Street  Railways  in  Chicago — 1905,  405,  and  in 

succeeding-  volumes. 

Streets.  Famous — 1912,  271;  1915.  166. 
Streets  in  Cities — 1891,   99;   1906,  65. 
Strike,  Anthracite  Coal — 1903.   191. 
Strike.  Lawrence — 1913.    372. 
Strike.  Railway.   England — 1912,  479. 

ftrike,  Teamsters' — 1906,  351. 
trike.  Telegraph  Operators' — 1908,  390. 
Strikes— 1889.   164:   1895,   77,   89:   1896.   198: 
1898.    242:    1902.    337;    1903.   30.    99.    192; 
1904.    55.    430:    1905.   257.   and  in  succeed- 
ing- volumes. 
Stubbs.  W.  R.,  Sketch — 1911,  335. 

tubmarine  Commanders,  Fate  of — 1919.  543. 
ubmarine  Crisis.   Wilson  on — 1917.   478. 
Submarine  E-2,  Explosion — 1917,  165. 
Submarine  F-4,    Loss   of — 1916.   202. 
Submarine  Sinks  Ships  on  U.  S.  Coast — 1917. 

474:  1919.   543. 

Submarine  Warfare— 1919,  543,  544. 
Subsidies  Paid  by  All  Nations — 1890.  45. 
Subsidies.    Roosevelt  on — 1908.    79,   374. 
Suburbs   of    Chicago — 1902.    418;    1903.    424; 

1904.  422:    1905.   420:   1906.  436. 
Subway  Commission,       Chicago— 1912,       620; 

1914.  467.   546. 
Subway  Plan   Report — 1917,    600. 

tuez   Canal   Statistics — 1904,    15. 
uffrage  Amendment   in  Congress — 1916,   242 
Suffrage,    Qualifications   for — In   each   volume 

from  1889. 

Suffrage  Vote.  Michigan — 1913,  489. 
Suffrage,    Woman — 1914,    397.    491.    and    in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Sugar  Beets — 1892.  114;  1898.  102. 
Sugar  Bounty — 1894.  203;  1895.  367. 
Sugar,   Brussels.  Conference — 1902,  44. 
Sugar    Consumption — 1892.     114:     1898,     99, 

139;  1902.  43;   1905.  180;  1906,  85. 
Suerar  Statistics — 1891,   64;    1892.   114;  1894. 

202;   1900,   100.   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Sugar  Trust,  Restitution  by — 1910.  264. 
Suicide.  Facts  About — 1888,  16. 

tulu  Treaty — 1901,  261. 
ulzer,  William.  Sketch — 1913,  389;  Impeach- 
ment. 1914.  201. 
Sun  Tat  Sen,  Sketch — 1913.  390. 
Sunday  Saloon  Closing-,  Chicago — 1916,  676. 
Sunday  Schools — 1894.  41;  1897,  183. 

tupreme  Court,  Illinois — In  each  volume, 
upreme  Court,  United    States — In    each    vol- 
ume. 

Surrender  Dates  in  War— 1919.  327. 
Surrender  German  Navy — 1919.  583. 
Sussex.  Torpedoing  of  the — 1917.  485. 
Sutherland.  George.  Sketch — 1906,  298. 
Sutro  Tunnel — 1912.  126. 
Swa^n.  Joseph,   Sketch — 1914.  260. 
Swallow,   S.  C.,  Sketch — 1905.  203. 
Swanson.  C.  A..   Sketch — 1911.   335. 
Swayne  Impeachment — 1906.  350. 
Sweden — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Sweden   and    Norway — 1P06.    131;    1911,    125. 

tweden.  Famine  in — 1904.  122. 
weet,  E.  F.,  Sketch — 1914.  260. 
Swensen.   E.  B..   Sketch — 1 8P8,  T06. 
Swiss  Neutrality — 1918.    526.    562. 
Switzerland — In  each  volume  since  1902. 
Syndicalism — 1914.   49. 
Syrian  Troubles — 1904.  210. 
Taal  Volcano  Eruption — 1912,   137. 
Taft  Budget  Plan — 1914.  122. 
Taft  Vetoes — 1912.  71.  75. 
Taft,   W.   H.,   Inauguration  of — 1910.  31. 
Taft.  W.  H..  Sketch — 1901,    247;    1909,    321; 

1910.   33. 

Taft's  Trip  Around  World — 1908.  401. 
Taggart  Divorce   Case^ — 1906,    162. 


Taggart,  Thomas,  Sketch — 1905,  204. 

Taliaferro,  J.  P.,   Sketch — 1900,  126. 

Tallman,  C.,  Sketch — 1914.  260. 

Tampa,  Loss  of  the— 1919.  547. 

Tampico  Flag-  Incident— 1915,    233. 

"Tanks"  Used  in  Battle— 1917.  474;  American. 

1919.  562. 

Tariff  Commission — 1911,   62;   Tariff  Commis- 
sion Law.  1917,  185. 
Tariff,  History    of    the— 1891,    23;    1908,    69: 

1909.   90. 
Tariff  Legislation— 1891.  26;  1895,  26;  1911. 

62. 

Tariff,  Payne-Aldrich — 1910.   37-62. 
Tariff  Question  in  England — 1904.  245. 
Tariff  Rates — 1903.     59.     and    in    succeeding 

volumes. 

Tariff  Revenues — 1904.   102. 
Tariff,  Underwood-Simmons— 1914,    240.    241. 

244. 
Tariffs  Compared— 1889.  15;  1894.  90:  1895. 

28:   1910,   62. 

Tariffs,  Foreign — 1892.     52. 
Tatsu,    Seizure    of — 1909,    148. 
Tax    Amendment.    Illinois — 1916,    660;    1917. 

597. 

Tax.  Estate — 1918.    54. 
Tax.  Excess  Profits — 1918.  54. 
Taxable  Incomes — 1915.  520;  1917.  179. 
Taxation.  Chicago — 1902.  428,  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Taxation.    Digest   of — 1894.   42. 
Taxes,  Per  Capita — 1901.    136. 
Taxes.  War  Revenue — 1899.    151:   1915.  291: 

1916.    158;    1917.   179;   1918,   428. 
Taxicab    Fares.    Chicago— 1916.    642.    and    in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Taylor,   Graham.    Sketch — 1914.  260. 
Taylor.  H..  Sketch— 1894.  60. 
Taylor.  H.   A..    Sketch — 1900,    125. 
Taylor.  R.  L.,  Sketch — 1907.  272:  1908.  356. 
Tea.    Consumption    of — 1891.    76;    1898.    61: 

1903.    72.    and  in  succeeding-  volumes. 
Tehuantepec   Railway — 1903.    148. 
Telegraph  Rates  from  Chicago — 1902.  412. 
Telegraph  Statistics — 1900.      151-154:      1903, 

102,    and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Telegraph  Systems  of  U.   S. — 1915.  265. 
Telegraphic  Champions — 1916.    198. 
Telegraphy.    Wireless — 1902.    366. 
Telephone   Girls  in  France— 1919.   689. 
Telenhone  Ordinance,     Chicago  — 1908,     402: 

1914.   574. 

Telephone  Rates — 1903.   61. 
Telephone  Statistics — 1907.    181,    and   in   suc- 
ceeding volumes. 

Telephones  of  the  World — 1899.  84. 
Telephoning  Across  U.    R. — 1916,    192. 
Telescopes.  American— 1892.  39. 
Tel-scopes.  Great— 1900.  376:  1918.  155:  1919. 

170. 

Teller.  Henry  M..   Sketch— 1904.  205. 
Tener.   J.   K..   Sketch — 1911.   335. 
Tennis  Courts — 1P16.   455. 
Terminal,  West  Side  R.  R. — 1915,  648:  1916. 

678. 

Terre'  Haute  Tornado — 1914,   403. 
Terrell,  J.  M..   Sketch — I  Pit.  335. 
Terrill.  A.   W..    Sketch — 1894.   61. 
Texas,   Annexation — 1  POi .    133. 
Texas  Bicentennial — 1P17.   197. 
Thaw,  Harrv  K..   Trial — 1 P08.  60;   1909,  320. 
Theater   Fires — 1POP.    260;    1911.    173:    1912. 

252,    and   in   snbsennprit.   volumes. 
Theaters,  Capantv — 1  8P3.   114. 
Theaters   and   Halls.    Chicago — 1902.   402.    and 

in    succeeding   voTnmes. 
Thermometers    Compared — 1902,    74,    and    in 

succeeding:  volumes. 

Thomas.   Charles    S..    Sketch — 1914,    260. 
Thomas  Orchestra — 1913     P81 
Thompson.    C.   A..    Sketch — 1O13.    2S9. 

TT-irimpson.  F.   L..    SVpt^Vi 1O10.   304. 

"Thompson.   T.    L..    Sketch — 1 8P4,    61. 
Threes  and  Sevens — 1P12.   1S«. 
Thurston.    J.    M.,    Sketch — 1896.    90 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLU3IE  SEE   PAGES  3-14. 


1020 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


Tibbies.  T.   H..   Sketch — 1905.   203. 
Tibet,   Briiish  in — 1905,  282. 
Ticket    Scalping — 19U8,    405. 
Ticonderogra,  Loss  of— 1919.  547. 
Tiger  Victims  in  India — 1905.  250. 
Tillman.   J.   H.,   Trial  of — 1904.   245. 
Timber   Supply — 1898,    197;    1908,    123. 
Time,  Difference  in — 1902,  69.  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 
Time,  Foreign    Standards    of — 1905,    15.    and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Time,  Measurement  of — 1890.   188. 
Time,   Standard,    to  Obtain — 1890,    179;    1891. 

320;     1892,     354;     1893,     380;     1894.     211; 

1895.    247;    1896,    250;    1897.    269;    1898. 

162;   1900.   250. 

Time  Without    a   Watch — 1894.   212. 
Time  Zones.  New— 1919.  758. 
T're   Ordinance — 1P08.   466. 
Tisza.   Count.  Attempt   to  Kill — 1913.  260. 
Titanic    Disaster — 1913.    151. 
Titled    American    Women — 1896.    239. 
Titles,   Official — 1895.   225. 
Tobacco  Statistics — See  Agriculture. 
Tobacco  Trust     Suit  — 1908,     234:     Supreme 

Court  Decision,    1912.   51. 
Tobacco   Used — 1900.    99;    1901.    238. 
Togo,  Admiral.   Sketch — 1906.   300. 
Tolstoy,   Leo.   Death — 1911,   342. 
Tonnage  Sunk  by  Submarines— 1919.  544. 
Tornadoes,  Destructive — 1891,  321;  1914.  402, 

403. 

Toronto    (Ont.)    Fire — 1905.    144. 
Torpedo.    Hammond — 1917.    204. 
Torrance,    Ell,    Sketch — 1902,    101. 
Torrens   Title    System — 1896,    82;    1904,    363 
Tower.    C..    Sketch — 1898.    205;    1904,    204. 
Towers,    High — 1908.    260. 
Townsend.    C.    E..    Sketch— 1912.   407. 
Townsend.  L..    Sketch — 1898,    206. 
Track   Elevation — 1904,   375,    and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Tractors.    Armored,   in  War — 1917.   475. 
Tracy,  Harry.  Bandit — 1903.  380. 
Trade  Agreements — 1917.     177. 
Trade.  Balance    of — 1895.     242:     1896.     193: 

1899,  232;  1900.  46;   1901.  27;  1902.  18. 
Trade  Commission  Law — 1915.   286. 
Trade.   Domestic,   in  U.   S. — 1917.    172. 
Trade-Marks — 1896.    226;    1906,    106,    and   in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Trading  with    Enemy    Act — 1917,    521:    1918, 

446.    475. 

Train   Robberies — 1903.    172. 
Training  Camp.   Fort   Sheridan — 1916.   650. 
Training  Camps — 1917.   218.   233. 
Trains    in     Cni^sro.     On«    Dav's — IP02.     40S; 

1903.    406;    1904.     3P7:    1905.    405:     1906 

472:   1907.  442;  1908.  484;  1909.  554. 
Trans-Mississippi       Exposition  — 1897,       259: 

1898.   240. 

Transportation,    Water — 1909.    88. 
Transvaal     Colony— 1906.     125;     1907.     115: 

1908.    185. 

Travel.    Foreign — 1896.    134. 
Travelers.  Hints  for — 1887,  18:  Free  List  for. 

1908,   122,   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Treason    Cases— 1919.    476.    477. 
Treaties,   General  Arbitration  —  1912,      477; 

1913.   190. 

Treaties,  General  Peace — 1915.    469. 
Treaties.   Secret.  Disclosed— 1919.  352. 
Treaty,    Franco-American — 1909.    220. 
Tree.  How   to   Measure    a — 1888.    14. 
Tree,  Largest — 1912,   382. 
Trials,    Noted — 1902.    107;    1903.    156;    1904. 

245;   1905,   200;    1906,    162. 
Triangle  Factory  Fire,  New  York — 1912.  483. 
Trimble,  H.  M..   Sketch — 1912,  407. 
Tripoli.    War  in — 1912.    412. 
Tripp.    B..    Sketch — 1894.    60. 
Troops,   American,    in   France — 1918,    543. 
Troops,  Call  for — 1899.  121. 
Troops  in  U.  S.  Wars— 1919.  706. 
Trust,   Beef — 1903.    210;    1904.   95. 


Trust    Laws — 1891.     Ill;    1901.    121;    1903. 

loO;    19U4,   9ti;   1906.   129. 
Trusts.  American— 1899.    91:   1900.    65;    1902. 

iau;    iyu3.    02;    lyu4,    85    (complete    hat); 

1905.   202. 
Trusts,  Illinois  Law  Against — 1903,  150;  1904. 

353. 

Trusts,   Suits  Against — 1907,  262;    1908.   234. 
Tschaikovsky.   N..   Acquitted — 1911.  481. 
Tuberculosis   Sanitarium,    Chicago — 1916,   619. 
Tumulty,   J.   P..    Sketch — 1914,   260. 
Tunis — In   each    volume    since    1902. 
Tunnel,   Loetschberg — 1912.   413. 
Tunnels,  Chicago    River — 1903.    406.    and    in 

succeeding  volumes. 
Tunnels.  Freight,    Chicago— 1915.    617;    1916. 

Tunnels.     Great    Railroad— 1903.     172;     1914. 

36:  1916,   37;   1919,  37. 
Tunnels,  Great   Water — 1912.    126. 
Tunnels.   Hudson   River — 1909,    150.   320. 
Turco-Italian  War — 1912.  412;  1913.  422. 
Turkey — In  each   volume  since    1902. 
Turkey  and    Armenia — 1897.    130. 
Turkey,   Constitution   in — 1909.    336. 
Turkey.  Earthquake  in — 1913.    176. 
Turkey,   Greece   and  Crete — 1898.   249. 
Turkey,  Massacres   in — 1910.    19" 
^nrkey.  Revolution    in — 1910.     21° 
Turkey.  Surrender  of— 1919.  456.  609.  611. 
Turkish-Balkan  War — 1913.   391;   1914,   130. 
Turner.    G..    Sketch— 1898.    210:    1904.    205. 
Tuscania,  Loss  of  the— 1919.  546. 
TutuPa — In  earh  volume  since   1901. 
Twain.  Mark,  Death — 1911.  170. 
Tyler  Monument — 1912.    67. 
"U"  Boat  Commrnd°rs'  F^te— 1919,   543. 
U-53,  Exploits  of— 1917.  474. 
Ue-anda   Railway    Completed — 1903.    31. 
Ukrainia— 1919.  525. 
Underground   Roads — 1903.    141. 
Unemployment,      Statistics      of  — 1914,      561: 

1916.   100. 

Unexplored  Globe — 1896.  75. 
Uniform,  U.   S..  to  Be  Respected-;— 1912,   66. 
Unitarians — See   Religious   Statistics. 
United  States — See  States,  Population,  Courts. 

etc. 
United  States  in  Armed  Clash   with  Mexico — 

1915.  222. 

United  States    Government     (Officials,    Depart- 
ments,     Salaries,     etc.) — In     each     volume 

from    1891. 
United  States,   Progress  of — 1902,   32,   and  in 

succeeding    vo'umes. 

United  States.   Status  of.  in  World — 1902,  45. 
United    States    Steel    Corporation — 1902.    130; 

1903.   64;    1904.    95:    1905,   262;    1911,201. 
United  States,     Territorial    Growth    of — 1901. 

132.    and   in  succeeding  volumes. 
United  States    in    Various    Languages — 1918. 

23. 
United  States.    Wealth    of — 1907.    280;    1908, 

38:    1909.    50:    1916.    78 

United  States   Enters   World  War — 1918.    377. 
Universities  —See    Colleges    and    Universities. 
University    Extension — 1897.    141. 
University  of    Chicago.    Gifts    to — 1»96.    414: 

1909.  407. 
Urban  Population — L893.   29:   1901,   135.   and 

in  succeeding  volumes 
Uruguay — In   each   volume   since   1902. 
Utilities   Law.   Illinois — 1914.   490. 
Utility  Commissions.  Public — 1908.  331;  1914. 

490:  1915.   199. 

Valencia.  Wreck   of — 1907.    105. 
Valparaiso    E?rthqunke — 1907.    264. 
VancoMi'^r    Piots — 1908.    340. 
Van  Dyke.  H..  Sketch— 190^.  237:   1913.  261. 
Van  Rant.   S.   R..   SUp+ch — 1910.   394. 
Vaug-hnn.  V.  C..  Sketch— 1914.  261. 
Venezuela — 1904.  219.  and  in  succeeding  vol- 

um^s. 

Venezuela  and  Colombia — 1902.    218. 
Venezuela  and  Great  Britain — 1896,   86;   1897. 

127-   1898.   253. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND  YEAR-BOOK  FOB  1920. 


1021 


Venezuela  and  Holland — 1909.   414. 
Venezuela    and    United    States  — 1909.    320; 

1910.   209. 

Venezuela  Asphalt    Dispute — 1906.    149. 
Venezuela.     Blockade     of— 1903.     433:     1904. 

219;     1905.     16. 
Vera  Cruz   Occupied  by  U.   S.  Troops — 1915, 

Verdun,   Battles   for — 1917.    528. 

Versailles  War  Council— 1919.  480. 

Vesle.  Battle  of— 1919.  578. 

Vessels  Built   in  the   World — 1891.   25;    1908. 

42. 

Vessels,  Largest   Sailing — 1903.    74. 
Vessels.  Requisitioning-  of— 1919.  387. 
Vesuvius,  Eruption  of — 1907.  266. 
Veto  Power  of  House  of  Lords  Curbed — 1912. 

78. 

Vetoes  by    Presidents — 1901.    105. 
Vetoes,  Taft — 1912.  71.  75;  1914.  238. 
Viaducts.    Great — 1903,    193. 
Viborg  Manifesto — 1907,  269. 
Vice  Commission.   Chicago — 1911.   608;   1912. 

630. 

Vice-Presidents — See  Presidents. 
Victor   (Col.)   Dynamite  Outrage — 1905.  262. 
Victoria.  Death  of — 1902,  186. 
Vineyards,    Area — 1892,    102. 
Virgin  Islands  of  United  States — 1918.  37,  38. 
Vital   Statistics — See  Deaths   and  Death  Rate. 
Vocational  Rehabilitation— 1919.   388. 
Vocational  Training-  Board— 1919.    724. 
Vogue,   Marquis  de.   Sketch — 1902.   101. 
Volturno.   Wreck  of — 1914.   198. 
Von  Eckhardt  Letter — 1918,  501. 
Von  Eichhorn  Killed— 1919.  468. 
Von  Igel   Plots— :1918.   597. 
Von  Jagrow  to  Lichnowsky— 1919.  348. 
Von  Plehve.  Assassination — 1905.   257;  1906, 

309. 

Von  Rintelen  Case— 1919.  537. 
Vopicka,  C.  J..  Sketch — 1914.  261. 
Vote,   Electoral — See  Electoral   Vote. 
Vote.  Presidential — In  each  volume  from  1888. 
Voting   Age.   Males   of — 1893.    33;    1902.    55: 

1904,  61;    1905.    62;    1906.    61;    1907.    47; 
1908.   49. 

Voting  Age,  Women  of — 1913,  97;  1914,  69. 

Voting  Machine    Law — 1904.    357. 

Voting-.  Preferential— 1912.  93. 

Voting,  Qualifications — in   each   volume    from 

Voting' by  Soldiers — 1918.  616. 

Voting  System,     Australian — 1890.     159. 

Voyages.  Fast  Atlantic — See  Fastest  Ocean 
Passages. 

Wade.   J.  F..  Sketch— 1899,  227. 

Wage  Laws.  Minimum — 1914.  415  (see  Mini- 
mum Wage  Laws). 

Wages  and  Cost  of  Living — 1905.  50;  1906. 
76;  1907.  63. 

Wages    in    Europe   and   America — 1891,    125; 

1905.  49. 

Wages  in  Foreign   Countries — 1896.    44. 

Wages  Lost  in   Strikes — 1896.    201. 

Wages  on    Farms — 1902.    44. 

Wages.  Railroad.   Increased— 1919.  415. 

Wages.  Tables  of — 1908.  170.  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 

Wake  Island.  Taking  of — 1901.   135. 

Walcott.   C.   D..    Sketch — 1908.   356. 

Walk.   Long,    by  Mrs.   Beach — 1913.   67. 

Walker.  Asa.   Sketch — 1899.  223. 

Walker,  I.    N..    Sketch — 1896,   92. 

Walker.  J.    G.,    Sketch— 1905.    206. 

Wallace.  J.  F..  Sketch — 1905.  205;  1906.  300. 

Waller  Case — 1896.   220:    1897.    113. 

Walsh.  John  R..   Case— 1909.   410:   1912.   403. 

Walsh.    Patrick.    Sketch — 1895,    106. 

Walsh.   T.   J..    Sketch — 1914.    261. 

War   and    Chicaero — 1918.    569. 

War  and  Education,  Cost  of — 1895.  366. 

War  Budgets   of  the   World — 1899.    150. 

War  Department — In    each    volume. 

War,  European — 1915,  367;  Aeroplanes  in. 
451;  Aisne,  Battle  of,  455;  American  Neu- 


trality, 455;  Assassination  of  Archduke  Fer- 
dinand, 3t>8;  Atrocities,  448;  Official  Docu- 
ments, 370;  Marne,  Battle  of.  455;  Mora- 
toriums, 449;  Pronouncing  Gazetteer.  460; 
Submarines,  445,  453;  Alliances.  369: 
Losses.  450;  Naval  Losses,  450;  Cost  m 
Money,  451;  Narrative,  453. 
War,  World  —  1916,  312;  Ancona,  Sinking  of. 
339;  Arabic,  Sinking  of,  339;  Armenian 


,  ,  . 

Champagne.     Battle     of.     321;     Dardanelles 


Campaign,  350;  Diplomatic  Correspondence, 
360  ;  Dumba.  Recall  of,  345  ;  Egypt  a  Protecto- 
rate: 328:  Falkland  Islands.  Battle  of.  321: 
t'rye.  W.  P..  buiiK,  3-±u;  Jtioli.  Frank,  PiOts 
of,  344;  Interned  Ships,  341,  342;  Italy  En- 
ters War.  316;  Loan.  Angio-British,  354; 
Lusitania,  Sinking  of.  325;  JSeuve  Chapelle. 
Battle  of,  321;  Papen.  Capt.  von.  Recall, 
347;  Review  of  War.  347;  Sarajevo  Plotters 
Executed,  328;  Serbian  Campaign.  351; 
Warships  Lost,  313;  Ypres,  Battle  of.  321: 
Zeppelin  Raids.  327. 

War.  World  —  1917,  468:  Americans  on  Armed 
Merchantmen.  475  :  Appam  Case.  500  :  Belgian 
Deportations.  482:  Blacklisting.  521;  Case- 
ment. Sir  Roger,  Executed.  481:  Commerce. 
Restraints  on.  509;  Congress.  Action  in.  475; 
Cost  of  war.  469;  Deutschiand,  Voyages  of, 
473;  Diplomatic  Correspondence,  485;  French 
Deportations,  482;  Fryatt,  Capt.,  Execution, 
474;  Gallipoli  Evacuated.  530;  German  Sub- 
marine Promise.  492;  Germany's  Peace  Of- 
fer. 531;  Goritz.  Capture  of,  530;  Ireland. 
Revolt  in,  480;  Jutland.  Battle-  of,  470: 
Kitchener.  Death  of.  470;  Marina  Case.  473: 
Persia,  Sinking  of.  473;  Pol'sh  Kingdom  Re- 
stored. 528:  Portugal  Enters  War,  484: 
Provence.  Sinking  of.  472:  Roumania  Enters 
War.  484;  Saloniki  Campaign.  531;  Somme. 
Battle  of.  470;  Submarine  Warfare.  473: 
Sussex  Case.  473.  475;  "Tanks"  in  War. 
474;  Trading  with  Enemy  Act.  521;  Verdun, 
Struggle  for.  528;  Zeppelin  Raids.  482.' 

War.  World  —  1918.  359;  Aircraft  Production, 
536;  Alien  Property  Act.  448;  Antilles  Sunk, 
541;  Appam  Restored,  551;  Armed  Neutral- 
ity, 583;  Army  Law,  Emergency.  397; 
Austria-Hungary,  United  States  Declares  War 
Against.  464.  466:  Aviation  Service  Law. 
423;  Belgian  Deportations.  504;  Bernstorff 
Given  Passports.  382:  Blockade  Zones,  380; 
Bolshevik  Peace  Offer.  376:  Britannic  Sunk. 
538;  Cambrai.  Battle  of.  548:  Camps  and 
Cantonments.  478,  479:  Chauncey.  Loss  of. 
542;  Congress.  War  Work  of.  396;  Cron- 
hofen  Affair.  501:  Czar  Deposed.  508:  Dates 
of  Big  Battles.  551;  Draft.  395.  406.  572; 
Espionage  Law.  409;  Finland  Torpedoed. 
542:  Food  Conservation.  417,  528.  529: 
Goethals-Denman  Dispute.  531;  Greece,  King 
of.  Deposed,  515;  Hindenburg  Retreat.  547; 
Insignia.  Military.  486:  Insurance  War  Act. 
453;  Italian  Retreat.  550:  Joffre  in  Chicago. 
570;  Liberty  Loans.  523:  Luxburpr  Affair. 
501;  Mesopotamia,  Campaign  in.  513:  Peace 
Propositions,  363:  "Peace  Without  Victory." 
370;  Pope's  Peace  Appeal.  372;  Red  Cross 
War  Work.  533:  Russia.  Revolution  in.  508: 
Ship  Seizure  Law,  403;  Submarine  War, 
379.  536:  Trading  with  Enemy  Act.  446: 
United  States  Enters  War.  377:  Vimy  Ridge 
Taken.  547:  War  Messages,  387,  486;  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  War  Work,  535;  Zeppelin  Raids.  533: 
Zimmermann  Mexican  Plot.  385. 

War.  World—  1919.  327:  Aircraft  Production 
Inauiry.  553.  562:  American  First  Army. 
497:  Americans.  Tributes  to.  617:  Armistice 
Terms.  456.  620:  Army  General  Staff.  604: 
Austria.  Collapse  of,  611:  Austria.  U.  S. 
War  Declaration.  327;  Aviation  in  War.  550: 
Aviators  Killed.  557;  Bakfr,  Secretary,  in 
Europe.  516;  Battles,  American.  Chronology. 
678:  Battles.  Dates  of.  616;  Belgium  Lib- 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


1022 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


crated.  674:  Belleau  Wood.  Battle  of..  568: 
Bouresches,  Battle  of,  569:  Brest-Litovsk 
Treaty.  564:  Britain's  Part  in  War.  660: 
Bruges  Taken.  617:  Bulgaria  Surrenders. 
456.  609:  Canada's  Part  in  War.  663:  Can- 
tigny  Battle  of,  562:  Celebrations,  Peace, 
621:  Charles  I..  Abdication  of.  659:  Chateau 
Thierry  Battle  of,  563:  Chipilly  Ridge, 
Battle  of.  614;  Chronology.  620:  Coal  Con- 
troversy, 410;  Congress,  War  Work  of,  361; 
Cost  of  War.  332:  Czar  Assassinated.  469: 
Czecho-Slovak  Republic.  520:  Dead,  Noted, 
331:  Debts  of  Belligerents.  334:  Declaration 
of  London.  531:  Draft  Age  Changed.  390: 
Dynasties  Ended,  331:  Espionage  Act  and 
Cases,  537:  Ferdinand.  King.  Abdication, 
609:  Fismes,  Battle  of,  578:  Fourth  of  July 
Messages,  709:  Germany,  Revolution  in, 
633:  Gillespie  Shell  Plant  Explosion.  426: 
Hindenburg  Line  Broken.  618:  Hospital  Ships 
Torpedoed.  608:  Italy's  Welcome  to  Ameri- 
cans. 675:  Juvigny,  Battle  of.  615:  Lafay- 
ette Squadron.  550:  Lichnowsky  Memoran- 
dum, 337;  Luxemburg  Liberated,  657:  Ma- 
rine Corps.  Battles  of.  568:  Meuse-Argonne 
Offensive,  564:  Military  Service  Treaties. 
692:  Nicholas  II.  Killed.  469:  Occupa- 
tion. Army  of.  657;  Ostend  Blocked,  581, 
582:  Ostend  Taken.  617:  Palestine,  Battles 
in.  609:  Peace  Notes.  452:  Peace  Speeches. 
427:  Pershing  Report,  560;  Plots  in  United 
States.  537:  Poland.  524:  Profiteering.  Re- 
port on.  683:  Red  Cross  Work.  477;  Review 
of  War  from  Start,  586:  Rhine  Crossed.  658; 
St.  Mihiel.  Battle  of,  570.  615:  St.  Quentin. 
Battle  of.  565:  Soissons,  Battle  of.  578; 
Submarine  Warfare,  543.  593;  Supply  Serv- 
ice. 561:  Surrender  Conditions.  456:  Turkey. 
Surrender  of.  609:  Versailles  War  Council, 
480:  Vesle.  Battle  of.  578;  William  II..  Ab- 
dication. 626;  William  II.,  Boasts  of.  627: 
W.  C.  A.  War  Work.  679:  Zeebmgge 


T.    W.    C.    A. 

Blocked.    580. 


War.   Survivors  of  Civil — 1904,  22:  1905.  122. 

1907.  32. 

Ward,  A.    Montgomery.    Death — 1914.    565. 
Ward  Boundaries  of  Chicago — 1902,  394.  and 

in  succeeding  volumes. 
Ware.  Eugene.   Sketch — 1903.  235. 
Warehouse  Act— 1917.    194. 
Warne,   F.   W..    Sketch— 1901.   250. 
Warner.   Fred  M..    Sketch — 1907.    274. 
Warner,    Vespasian.    Sketch — 1906.    299. 
Warner,  William.    Sketch — 1906.    298. 
Warren,  F.   E..    Sketch — 1896.    92. 
Wars.     Chronology     of     Recent — 1902.     Ill; 

1904.   112.   and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Wars.  Cost  of  Modern— 1902.   91:    1918.   562: 

1919    332 
Wars.    United   States— 1895.    182:    1899.   183. 

Washington. 'Booker  T.,  Death  of — 1916.  425. 
Washington's  Farewell  Address— 1919.    712. 
Water.  Tests  of  Pure — 1887.  17. 
Waterbury    (Conn.)    Fire — 1903.  198. 
Waterfalls.    Famous — 1909.     190;     1910.    36; 

1911.    132:    1912.    102:    1914.    243. 
Waterways.    Deep— 1898.    236:    1908.    82.    369. 

399.  400;   1909,  548;  1910,  72,  403;   1911, 

312:   1912,  220.   291. 
Waterworks.  Chicago— 1902.  410:   1906.  434; 

1908.  462,    and    in   succeeding   volumes. 
Watkins.    A.   S.,    Sketch — 1909,    321. 
Watkins,  T.  H.,  Sketch — 1903.  238. 
Watson,  C.  W..  Sketch — 1912,  407. 
Watson,   J.  C..  Sketch— 1899,  225;  1903.  236. 
Watson.  T.  E..  Sketch— 1897.  154;  1905,  203; 

1909.  321. 

Waves.  Height  of  Ocean — 1902.  186. 

WeaHh     and    Deb's    of    Nations — 1894.     101: 

1904.    220:    1905.    88:    1906.    88;   1916.    80. 
Wealth.    Increase   of — 1890.    160. 
Wealth    of   United    States — See   United   States. 

Wealth    of. 

Wealthiest  Men  and  Women — 1903.  182. 
Weather    Forecasts    and    Signals — 1888,    128: 


1892.  63;  1902,  74.  and  in  succeeding  vol- 
umes. 

Weather.  Hot  (1901) — 1902,  112;  in  1911. 
1912.  199. 

Weaver,   J.    B.,    Letter — 1893,    165. 

Weaver,   J.   B..   Sketch — 1893,   61. 

Weber-Kanter-Loveless   Case — 1902,    107. 

Webster,  R.  E.,  Sketch — 1904,  205. 

Wedding  Anniversaries — 1888,  74;  1904,  110: 
1905,  28,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Week.    Days   of— 1888,    16. 

Weeks,  J.   W.,    Sketch — 1914,   261. 

Weights  and  Measures,  United  States — See 
Measures  and  Weights. 

Weights,  Healthy— 1902.  67;  1903,  15;  1908, 
330;  1909.  277. 

Weissert,   A.   G.,    Sketch — 1893.    64. 

Wellington,   G.   L.,    Sketch — 1897,   160. 

Wellman    Expedition — 1907,    246;    1908,    134; 

1910,  331;    Attempts   to    Cross   Atlantic   in 
Dirigible,    1911.  318. 

Wells,   Deepest — 1916.    83. 

Wells,  H.  M..   Sketch — 1896.  93. 

Welsh  Church   Disestablishment — 1915.    357. 

Wernz,  Francis  X  ,   Sketch — 1907.   274. 

West  Indies,   Danish,    Sale — 1917.   420;    1918. 

37. 

West  Point  Academy — See  Military  Academies. 
West   Point   Cadets.   Number  Increased — 1917, 

233. 
Weston's  Long  Walk — 1908,  380:  1910.  317: 

1911.  225;  1914.  367. 

Wet   and   Dry   Cities   and  Towns   in  Illinois — 

1916.  665. 

Wetmore,    G.   P..    Sketch — 1909.   324. 
Wheat  Price  Fixed— 1919.   786. 
Wheat.  Prices  of — In  each  volume  from  1891. 
Wheat  Statistics — See  Agriculture. 
Wheeler.  Joseph,  Sketch— 1899.  227. 


White. 
White. 


D.,   Sketch— 1893.  63;  1897.  158. 
D..   Sketch — 1895.    106. 


White.   Henry.   Sketch — 1906.  299. 
White.    S.   M.,    Sketch — 1894,   63. 
Whitla  Kidnaping  Case — 1910,   112. 
Whyte.  William  P.,  Sketch — 1907,  272. 
Wickersham.  G.  W..   Sketch — 1910.  33. 
Wildes,   Frank,   Sketch — 1899.   223. 
Wiley,  Dr.,   Resignation  of — 1913.   158. 
Wilkin.   Jacob  W..    Sketch — 1902.   102. 
Willard  Statue — 1904.  363. 

William.  Emperor,  Interviews— 1909.  414:  Ab- 
dication. 1919.  626:  Boasts  of.  1919.  627. 
Williams.  S.  W..  Sketch — 1909.  321. 
Willis.   A.  S..   Sketch — 1894.  60. 
Wilson  and  Cleveland — 1895,  125. 
Wilson  Bill.  The — 1894,  90;  1908.  69. 
Wilson.   Ellen.   Homes — 1916,   231. 
Wilson,   Hunting-ton,   Sketch — 1907,  273. 
Wilson.  H.  L..   Sketch — 1898.   206. 
Wilson.  J..   Sketch— 1898.  202:  1910.  33. 


Wilson. 
Wilson 


:J 


H.,  Sketch — 1899.  227;  1903.'  236. 
L.,   Sketch — 1896.   91. 


Wilson,  Luther  B..  Sketch — 1905,  206. 
Wilson,     Woodrow.     Elected     President — 1913. 

399:     Inaugurated.     1914.     36:     Re-Elected. 

1917.  423.  424;  Second  Inauguration,  1918, 

39. 

Wilson.  Woodrow,  in  Europe— 1919.    667. 
Wilson,    Woodrow.    Preparedness    Tour — 1917. 

202. 
Wilson.   Woodrow.    Sketch— 1903.   237:    1911. 

335:    1913.    387. 
Wilson.  Woodrow.  Notes  and  Speeches  in  1917 

— 1918.   363.  370.   371,   374,  381,   383.   385. 

387,    391.    392     394.    395.    464.    470.    A7<?, 

512.    562;    Notes  and  Sneeches  in  1918—1919, 

325.  400.  401.  403.  405,  407.  408.  409.  414, 

429.    435.    447,    452,    455,    458,    465.    467. 

483.    527.    667.    668,    670,    713.    714.    721. 

725.     744. 

Wilson.  W.  L..  Sketch— 1896.  87. 
Wind  Pressures — 1899.    102. 
Wine,    Dealers   in — 1891,    75. 
Wine  Growers'  Revolt — 1908,  322. 
Wine   Production — 1899.  101:  1901,240;  1903. 

43:   1905,   52;   1907.  99. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


ALMANAC  AND   YEAR-BOOK  FOR   1920. 


1023 


Wines,  Aging  of — 1887.   13. 

Wines,     Consumption  — 1895,     67:     1898,     51; 

1906,  85.  349,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 
Wines.  F.  H..  Sketch — 1900,  126. 
Wireless  Messages — See  Radio  Messages. 
Witte,   Serge,    Sketch — 1906,   300. 
Woman  Alien  Enemy  Law — 1919.  376.  / 

Woman.  First,  in  Congress— 1917,  539. 
Woman,  Proper  Weight  of  a — 1890,  89;  1902, 

Woman  Suffrage— 1914.  397. 

Woman  Suffrage  Law.   Illinois — 1914.   491. 

Woman  Suffrage,  Vote  on — 1896.  286. 

Women.  Associations  of— 1902.  340;  1904.  222. 

Women.  Hours  of  Work  for— 1910.  442;  1916, 
289. 

Women,  Occupations  of — 1904,   150. 

Women,   Titled  American — 1896.  239. 

Wonders.   American — 1893.   190. 

Wonders.  Seven — 1909,  275. 

Wood,  E.  P.,   Sketch — 1899.  223. 

Wood  Pulp.  Trade  in — 1908,  115;  Manufac- 
ture of.  1917,  312. 

Woodford,  S.  L.,  Sketch — 1898,  204. 

Woodrow  Wilson  and  Peace  Conference— 1919, 
666. 

Woods.  Weight  of — 1902.  86. 

Wool,  Statistics  of — In  each  volume  since  1891. 

Wool  Tariff  Bill — 1912.   71. 

W6olley.    J.   G..    Sketch — 1901.   243. 

Worcester.  D.  C..  Sketch— 1901.  248. 

Work  or  Fight  Order— 1919.   680. 

Workmen's  Compensation  Acts — 1912.   96. 

Works.  J.  D..   Sketch — 1912.   407. 

World.  Fastest  Trips  Around— 1914.  142. 

World's  Columbian  Exposition — 1891.  77;  Afit 
Incorporating,  77-79;  Commissioners  and  Al- 
ternates. 79-80;  Directory  of.  79:  Officers 
Of.  79;  Committees  of.  80-82;  The  Local 
Directory,  82;  Committees  of,  82;  Officers 


of,  82;  Lady  Managers  of,  83;  Chicago  Lady 
Managers  of,  84;  Contesting  Location  of.  79; 
Stockholders  of,  85-88;  1892.  202;  1893, 
197-233;  Attendance  at.  1894.  186;  Chro- 
nology of,  1894.  190;  Cost  of.  1894.  188: 
Special  Days  at,  1894.  187. 

World's  Fairs,  Previous — 1891,  89:  1908.  352. 

Wound  Chevrons — 1919,  509. 

Wrecks,  Marine — 1903,  282;  1904,  83;  1900. 
352,  and  in  succeeding  volumes. 

Wrecks,   Statistics  of — 1903,   61;   1906,   313. 

Wright,  Carroll  D.,  Sketch — 1903,  238. 

Wright,  L.  E..  Sketch — 1901,  248;  1904,  204: 
1907,  273. 

Wright,  Wilbur,  Death  of — 1913,  134. 

Wulff  Kidnaping  Case — 1910,  112. 

Wyeth,   John   A.,    Sketch — 1901.    101. 

Wyllie  Assassination — 1910.   321. 

Wynne.  R.  J.,  Sketch— 1905.  204. 

Yale  Bicentennial — 1902,  342. 

Yellow  Fever — 1906.   348. 

Yeomans,  J.  D.,  Sketch — 1895.  107 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Hotel,  Chicago — 1916,   677. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.,  War  Work— 1919,   190,  479. 

Y.  W.  C.  A..  War  Work— 1919.   679. 

Yoshihito.  Emperor.  Sketch— 1913.  390. 

Young.  J.  R.,  Sketch— 1898.  210. 

Young,  Lafayette,  Sketch — 1911.  335. 

Young.  P.  M.  B.,  Sketch — 1894,  59. 

Young.  S.  B.  M..  Sketch— 1899.  229. 

Ypres,  Battle  of— 1916,  321: 

Yuan  Shih-kai,  Death  of — 1917.   165. 

Zeebrugge  Blocked— 1919.  580. 

Zeppelin,  Airship  Disasters-,— 1914.  396. 

Zeppelin,  Count.  Death — 1918.  574. 

Zeppelin  Polar  Plan — 1910.  331. 

Zeppelins  in  War — 1915,  453;  1916.  327: 
1917.  482. 

Zionist  Movement — 1902.   156;    1919.   336. 

Zoological  Gardens— 1913,  227.  and  in  succeed- 
ing volumes. 


FOR  INDEX  OF  THE  CURRENT  VOLUME  SEE  PAGES  3-14. 


Telephone  Franklin  4057 


Waller  Coal  Company 

(Not  Incorporated) 

CORN  EXCHANGE  BANK  BUILDING 
CHICAGO 


R.  M.   FENSHOLT 


PHONE  MAIN  3898 


WILLIAM  FECHNER 


FENSHOLT  &  FECHNER 

BELTING  AND  SUPPLIES 

'" ~  •—•-     — -^ 

PULLEYS  COVERED 

BELTS  REPAIRED  AND  REBUILT        16-18  S.  Clinton  Street,  Chicago 


1024  ADVERTISEMENT. 


MARSHALL-JACKSON  ©MPANY 

Stationers ,  Printers 
Engravers  Embossers 

a4-26-South  Clark  Street 
CHICAGO 

Stationery      (SfiSlSI)  loose  leaf  Ledgers,  Ac- 
Department  count  books>  Bank  Supplies.    The 

largest,  most  complete  line  of  office 

supplies  in  Chicago. 

Engraving       Wedding  stationery,  Private  Cor- 
Department   resP°ndence  Paper,  Engraved  Busi- 
ness Cards,  Personal  Calling  Cards, 
Choice  writing  paper. 

Office  Desks,   Chairs,   Steel   and    Wood 

Furniture         Filin8  Devices,  Filing  supplies. 
"  Your  filing  problems  solved." 


Printing  Catalogues,   Booklets,    Folders, 

Department  Mailine  Cards>  Letter  Heads» etc- 

Engraved  Bonds,  Stock  Certificates. 
Exclusive  Embossing  Process 
Printing. 

Advertising     For  Planning,  designing  and  pro- 
Service  ducing  printed  matter  of  highest 

PI  .  .    advertising  value.  This  department 

Department  available  at  ^  times  to  our  patrons. 

If  It's  It's  Good 


'TpHE  Central  Trust  offers  to  individuals,  firms 
•*•  and  corporations  a  complete,  modern  and 
efficient  banking  service—enabling  its  cus- 
tomers to  centralize  all  of  their  banking. 


COMMERCIAL  ™*  depf  "?nt 

handles   checking 

BANKING  accounts»  makes  com- 
mercial loans  and  is* 
sties  certificates  of  deposit.  Pays  interest 
on  satisfactory  balances*.  Consult  an/ 
officer  on  these  matters. 

SAVINGS  Receives  savings  deposit* 
of  $1.00  or  more  and 
pays  3  per  cent  interest.  Loans  "Home" 
banks  to  depositors.  Open  Mondays  all 
day  until  8  p.  m. 

BONDS  Buy£l  and  sells  u>  s<  Govern* 

nvent,  foreign  government, 
state,  municipal,  railroad,  public  service, 
corporation  and  building  bonds.  Current 
list  of  investments  on  application. 


TRUSTS  Assum*s  the  management 
of  property  in  all  trust  ca- 
pacities and  acts  as  Transfer  Agent, 
Registrar  or  Fiscal  Agent  for  corpora- 
tions. This  department  is  equipped  to 
render  trust  service  of  the  highest  char- 
acter. Ask  for  booklet,  "Why  the  Trust 
Company  as  Executor?" 

MORTGAGES  Deals  in  hi*h  -grade 

real     estate     bonds 

and  mortgages,  netting  6  per  cent.  Makes 
mortgage  loans  on  improved  Chicago 
property.  Building  loans  a  specialty. 
Write  for  latest  circular. 

FOREIGN  TRADE  =••«>•• 

foreign  ex- 
change and  all  kinds  of  foreign  business. 
Write  for  explanatory  folder. 


SAFETY  VAULTS  JS£U  Jr: 

fear  upwards.     Storage  room  for  trunks. 
< 


rour    inspection    cordially   invited. 


Capital  and  Surplus  $7,000,000 


COMPANY  OF  ILLINOIS 

125  West  Monroe  Street 


Under  National,  State 
and  Clearing  House 
Supervision. 


Charter    Me 
Federal    Reserve 
Bank   of  Chicago 


A  Bank  of  SERVICE  and  SAFETY 


yiiiiiiiiimiKiniiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiim 


The  flexibility  of  outdoor 
advertising  makes  it  applicable 
to  any  sales  plan,  commodity  or 
territory. 

It  is  adaptable  to  both  local 
and  national  advertising.  As  a 
national  medium,  it  localizes 
national  advertising  to  any 
given  community. 

As  a  local  medium,  it'directs 
attention  to  the  local  dealer, 
placing  his  name  before  the 
buying  public  in  a  quiet,  effec- 
tive, forceful  manner. 


jlYos.  (usack  (o. 


CHICAGO  NEW  YORK 

Harrison  and  Loomis  Streets 
Phone:  Monroe  6800 


iinHiiniuinnniiiniMiiiniiiMiiiiiuiiiiiiiMiiiiMiiuMiuMniiiMMiiiiuiiiuiiiiiiiiiiuiiuiiiuiiuiiiniiiuiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiHiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiii. 


CORN  EXCHANGE 
NATIONAL  BANK 

OF  CHICAGO 

Csoital $5,000,000.00 

Sir  plus 8,000,000.00 

Undivided  Profits 2,000,000.00 

OFFICERS 

ERNEST  A.  HAMILL,  President 
CHARLES  L.  HUTCHINSON,  Vice-President 
I   A.  MOULTON,  Vice-President 
OWEN  T.  REEVES,  JR.,  Vice-President 
\  EDWARD  MAASS,  Vice-President 
VORMAN  J.  FORD,  Vice-President 
V  MES  G.  WAKEFIELD,  Cashier 
r  .IWIS  E.  GARY,  Assistant  Cashier 
:    '-WARD  F.  SCHOENECK,  Assistant  Cashier 
1  ^MES  A.  WALKER,  Assistant  Cashier 
U  CHARLES  NOVAK,  Assistant  Cashier 

OSEPH  C.  ROVENSKY,  Assistant  Cashier 
t 

DIRECTORS 

WATfsotf  F-  BLAIR  EDMUND  D.  HULBERT 

CHAUNCGY  B-   BORLAND  CHARLES  H.  HULBURD 

EDWARD  B-  BUTLER  CHAS.    L.   HUTCHINSON 

BENJAMI*1  CARPENTER  MARTIN  A.  RYERSON 

CLYDE  ]tf-  CARR  J.  HARRY  SELZ 

HEBfRY  P.  CROWELL  EDWARD  A.  SHEDD 

ERfe?'*  A.  HAMILL  ROBERT  J.  THORNE 
CHARLES  H.  WACKER 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


CHICAGO  DAILY  NEWS  NATIONAL  ALMANAC  CHGO